gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Systemic Coagulation and Fibrinolysis in Patients with or at Risk for the Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (1997)

The authors sought to evaluate the pathogenetic and prognostic role of a procoagulant and hypofibrinolytic state in the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Twenty-two consecutive patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for respiratory monitoring (n = 2) or mechanical ventilation (n = 20) were studied, of whom 13 had ARDS and 9 were at risk for the syndrome. Plasma levels of thrombin-antithrombin III complexes (TAT), the plasmin-alpha2-antiplasmin complexes (PAP), tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) were measured within 48 h after admission, together with respiratory variables allowing computation of the lung injury score (LIS), and pulmonary microvascular permeability [67Gallium-transferrin pulmonary leak index (PLI)], as measures of pulmonary dysfunction. Blood was also sampled 6-hourly until 2 days after admission. The LIS and PLI were higher in ARDS than at risk patients, in the presence of similar systemic morbidity and mortality. TAT complexes were elevated in a minority of patients of both groups, whereas the PAP, tPA and PAI levels were elevated above normal in the majority of ARDS and at risk patients, but groups did not differ. Neither circulating coagulation nor fibrinolysis variables correlated to either LIS or PLI. Furthermore, the course of haemostatic variables did not relate to outcome. These data indicate that systemic activation of coagulation and impaired fibrinolysis do not play a major role in ARDS development and outcome in patients with acute lung injury.
Raman Spectroscopy Sensor for Surgical Robotics – Instrumentation and Tissue Differentiation Algorithm (2012)

A fiber Raman probe based sensor is designed to be integrated into a surgical robot. The chemical information obtained from this sensor would assist tissue margin detection and surgical guidance during laparoscopic surgical procedures.
Polarizing a Hydrophobic Cavity for the Efficient Binding of Organic Guests:  The Case of Calix[6]tren, a Highly Efficient and Versatile Receptor for Neutral or Cationic Species (2005)

The host-guest properties of calix[6]tren 1 have been evaluated. The receptor is based on a calix[6]arene that is covalently capped at the narrow rim by a tren unit. As a result, the system presents a concave hydrophobic cavity with, at its bottom, a grid-like nitrogenous core. Despite its well-defined cavity and opening to the outside at the large rim, 1 did not behave as a good receptor for neutral molecules in chloroform. However, it exhibited efficient endo-complexation of ammonium guests. By contrast, the per-protonated host, 1.4H(+), behaved as a remarkable receptor for small organic molecules. The complexation is driven by a strong charge-dipole interaction and hydrogen bonds between the polar guest and the tetracationic cap of the calixarene. Finally, coordination of Zn(2+) to the tren core led to the asymmetrization of calixarene cavity and to the strong but selective endo-binding of neutral ligands. This study emphasizes the efficiency of a receptor presenting a concave hydrophobic cavity that is polarized at its bottom. The resulting combination of charge-dipole, hydrogen bonding, CH-pi, and van der Waals interactions highly stabilizes the supramolecular architectures. Also, importantly, the tren cap allows the tuning of the polarization, offering either a basic (1), a highly charged and acidic (1.4H(+)), or a coordination (1.Zn(2+)) site. As a result, the system proved to be highly versatile, tunable, and interconvertible in solution by simple addition of protons, bases, or metal ions.
Modeling &amp; Measurement of Mutual Coupling Resulting from via Structures Within Printed Circuit Boards (2007)

We report measurements and modeling of mutual coupling resulting from closely spaced copper plated through holes on printed circuit boards (PCB), known as vias. When the magnetic flux generated by a primary system couples with the inductance of a secondary system a 'reflected impedance' is induced in series with the primary inductance. Our investigation includes practical measurements and full-wave 3D electromagnetic (EM) modeling using transmission line matrix code (TLM) in order to establish the change in coupling and 'reflected impedance' as a function of distance between quasi resonant structures. With significant numbers of coupled vias, possible coupling permutations are large. We report models for 2, 3, and 4 via coupling, the results from which are extendable to arbitrary 3D structures.
Both Metabolic Inhibition and Mitochondrial K <sub>ATP</sub> Channel Opening Are Myoprotective and Initiate a Compensatory Sarcolemmal Outward Membrane Current (2003)

Preconditioning protects the heart through mitoK(ATP). This protection also alters a surface membrane current, which may be important in myocardial protection.
Bipartite Primary Ossification in the Developing Human Femur (1982)

Summary: Bipartite primary ossification centers were found in 1 of 103 femurs. This variation of early endochondral ossification suggests a possible mechanism for some congenital deformities of the femur (such as proximal femoral focal deficiency), as well as normal variations such as multiple nutrient arteries.
The target of the DEAH-box NTP triphosphatase Prp43 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae spliceosomes is the U2 snRNP-intron interaction (2016)

The DEAH-box NTPase Prp43 and its cofactors Ntr1 and Ntr2 form the NTR complex and are required for disassembling intron-lariat spliceosomes (ILS) and defective earlier spliceosomes. However, the Prp43 binding site in the spliceosome and its target(s) are unknown. We show that Prp43 fused to Ntr1's G-patch motif (Prp43_Ntr1GP) is as efficient as the NTR in ILS disassembly, yielding identical dissociation products and recognizing its natural ILS target even in the absence of Ntr1's C-terminal-domain (CTD) and Ntr2. Unlike the NTR, Prp43_Ntr1GP disassembles earlier spliceosomal complexes (A, B, B(act)), indicating that Ntr2/Ntr1-CTD prevents NTR from disrupting properly assembled spliceosomes other than the ILS. The U2 snRNP-intron interaction is disrupted in all complexes by Prp43_Ntr1GP, and in the spliceosome contacts U2 proteins and the pre-mRNA, indicating that the U2 snRNP-intron interaction is Prp43's major target.
Magnetic properties of Al-Si-MTM (Magnetic Transition Metal) melt quenched amorphous ribbons (1988)

Etude de la variation thermique de la susceptibilite magnetique, du refroidissement magnetique et de la susceptibilite en alternatif
Stable and unstable behavior of inductively coupled electronegative discharges (2003)

Plasma instabilities have been observed in low-pressure inductive discharges, in the transition between low density capacitively driven and high density inductively driven discharges when attaching gases such as SF6 and Ar/SF6 mixtures are used. Oscillations of charged particles, plasma potential, and light, with frequencies from a few hertz to tens of kilohertz, are seen for gas pressures between 1 and 100 mTorr and discharge powers in the range of 75–1200 W. The region of instability increases as the plasma becomes more electronegative and the frequency of plasma oscillations increases as the power, pressure, and gas flow rate increase. Time-resolved measurements of electron temperature, and time averaged ion energy distribution at the wall have been made. A volume-averaged (global) model of the instability has been developed, for a discharge containing time varying densities of electrons, positive ions, and negative ions, and time invariant excited states and neutral densities. The particle and energy balance equations are integrated to produce the dynamical behavior. The model agrees well with experimental observations, and also shows a significant influence of the matching network. Values of plasma parameters and of chemical composition are measured to set the values used in the model, as required to obtain the good agreement with experiment. Capacitive coupling plays a crucial role in the instability process. A variable electrostatic (Faraday) shield has been used to control the capacitive coupling from the excitation coil to the plasma. The plasma instability disappears when the shielded area exceeds 65% of the total area of the coil. The model gives a slightly higher value of 85% for instability suppression with the same discharge conditions (Ar/SF6 1:1, 5 mTorr).
Use of a fuzzy logic classification scheme with a C-band polarimetric radar: first results (2002)

The correct classification of prevailing bulk hydrometeor type within a radar resolution volume should be a prerequisite of any quantitative rain-retrieving scheme. Further, the classification is also useful for warning purposes and for validation of non-hydrostatic models where the physical parameterizations is so advanced that major hydrometeor species are represented. Most of the work in this field is based on the use of S-band data that is less affected by attenuation compared to shorter wavelengths. In this paper, we utilize the scheme developed at the National Severe Storms Laboratory (USA). Briefly, the scheme uses a fuzzy logic approach to combine different polarimetric variables in order to determine the most likely type of hydrometeor present. We use a reduced set of polarimetric variables (Z, ZDR) collected with a C-band radar over weather events ranging from convective to stratiform.
Is plastic flow always controlled by dislocation mobility? An answer from <i>in situ</i> transmission electron microscopy straining tests (2001)

In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) straining experiments are used to illustrate in two extreme cases the possible role of dislocation nucleation and exhaustion as a controlling factor in plastic flow. In the first example (FeAl intermetallic compounds), a thermally activated dislocation exhaustion is responsible for an anomalous stress-temperature dependence and an associated small strain rate sensitivity, the latter being evidenced during in situ experiments through unstable localized slip. The second example (heavily drawn pearlite) shows specific dislocation loop nucleation processes that may account for the Hall-Petch law breakdown characteristic of fine scale nanostructures.
Absolute rates of heterocyclic singlet biradical reactions determined by nanosecond time-resolved absorption spectroscopy. Dimerizations and cycloadditions to alkenes and to dioxygen (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAbsolute rates of heterocyclic singlet biradical reactions determined by nanosecond time-resolved absorption spectroscopy. Dimerizations and cycloadditions to alkenes and to dioxygenRichard B. Heath, Linda C. Busch, Xu Wu Feng, Jerome A. Berson, J. C. Scaiano, and Alain B. BerinstainCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 50, 13355–13357Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100152a047https://doi.org/10.1021/j100152a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views91Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Mercury in organic chemistry. 22. Carbon-carbon bond formation via organocopper-organomercury cross-coupling reactions (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMercury in organic chemistry. 22. Carbon-carbon bond formation via organocopper-organomercury cross-coupling reactionsRichard C. Larock and Douglas R. LeachCite this: Organometallics 1982, 1, 1, 74–81Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00061a014https://doi.org/10.1021/om00061a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views292Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structural and Magnetic Properties of Mechanically Deformed Heusler Alloys. (1996)

The deformation of Heusler alloys during ball milling resulted in a drastic decrease in the crystallite size to a nanometer level. Nanocrystalline Heusler alloys with a disordered bcc structure were obtained by mechanical milling. This was accompanied by the disappearance of ferromagnetism. These nanocrystalline states were stable up to 523 K and ferromagnetism appeared after annealing at around 413 K. The nanocrystalline state with a L21 type structure was obtained by annealing at around 473 K. The nanocrystalline state lost stability and recrystallized with a D03 type structure when annealed at 573 K. The ferromagnetism almost disappeared in the powders after annealing at 573 K. In the recrystallized state, an increase in magnetization was observed with increasing annealing temperature. This came from the increase in the long range order parameter for the L21 type structure at room temperature.
Importance of Substrate Composition, pH and Other Variables on Tissue Factor Enhancement of Factor Vlla Activity (1993)

Summary Tissue factor (TF) markedly enhances the ability of factor VIIa (FVIIa) to cleave both macromolecular and small peptidyl substrates. Using soluble mutant TF (sTF) to investigate TF-enhanced FVIIa amidolytic activity in solution, we screened thirty-four commercially available peptidyl-p-nitroanilide substrates and found that substrate hydrolysis rates were influenced by both the peptide sequence and the N-terminal blocking group (MeSO2 > MeO-CO or free N-terminus >> benzoyl). Two substrates (Chromozym t-PA: MeSO2-D-Phe-Gly-Arg-pNA; and CBS 34.47: H-D-cyclohexylglycyl-α-aminobutyryl-Arg-pNA) were cleaved at rates higher than those of previously reported chromogenic substrates for FVIIa. The pH range of FVIIa amidolytic activity toward Chromozym t-PA was 6.5 to 10 with an optimum at pH 7.8, while sTF·VIIa had a higher pH optimum (pH 8.4 to 8.5). The degree of enhancement of FVIIa activity by sTF varied from 12-fold at pH 7.5 to 73-fold at pH 9.9. The effect of a variety of agents on FVIIa amidolytic activity was surveyed: most decreased activity, while glycerol and ethylene glycol enhanced the activity of FVIIa but not sTF·VIIa. These results indicate that the effect of sTF on the catalytic center of FVIIa is pH-dependent, and that certain polyalcohols can partially substitute for TF.
Insufficiency of BUBR1, a mitotic spindle checkpoint regulator, causes impaired ciliogenesis in vertebrates (2011)

Budding uninhibited by benzimidazole-related 1 (BUBR1) is a central molecule of the spindle assembly checkpoint. Germline mutations in the budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 1 homolog beta gene encoding BUBR1 cause premature chromatid separation (mosaic variegated aneuploidy) [PCS (MVA)] syndrome, which is characterized by constitutional aneuploidy and a high risk of childhood cancer. Patients with the syndrome often develop Dandy-Walker complex and polycystic kidneys; implying a critical role of BUBR1 in morphogenesis. However, little is known about the function of BUBR1 other than mitotic control. Here, we report that BUBR1 is essential for the primary cilium formation, and that the PCS (MVA) syndrome is thus a novel ciliopathy. Morpholino knockdown of bubr1 in medaka fish also caused ciliary dysfunction characterized by defects in cerebellar development and perturbed left-right asymmetry of the embryo. Biochemical analyses demonstrated that BUBR1 is required for ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of cell division cycle protein 20 in the G0 phase and maintains anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome-CDC20 homolog 1 activity that regulates the optimal level of dishevelled for ciliogenesis.
Force Field Benchmark of Amino Acids: I. Hydration and Diffusion in Different Water Models (2018)

Thermodynamic and kinetic properties are of critical importance for the applicability of computational models to biomolecules such as proteins. Here we present an extensive evaluation of the Amber ff99SB-ILDN force field for modeling of hydration and diffusion of amino acids with three-site (SPC, SPC/E, SPC/E<sub>b</sub>, and TIP3P), four-site (TIP4P, TIP4P-Ew, and TIP4P/2005), and five-site (TIP5P and TIP5P-Ew) water models. Hydration free energies (HFEs) of neutral amino acid side chain analogues have little dependence on the water model, with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of ∼1 kcal/mol from experimental observations. On the basis of the number of interacting sites in the water model, HFEs of charged side chains can be putatively classified into three groups, of which the group of three-site models lies between those of four- and five-site water models; for each group, the water model dependence is greatly eliminated when the solvent Galvani potential is considered. Some discrepancies in the location of the first hydration peak ( R<sub>RDF</sub>) in the ion-water radial distribution function between experimental and calculated observations were detected, such as a systematic underestimation of the acetate (Asp side chain) ion. The RMSE of calculated diffusion coefficients of amino acids from experiment increases linearly with the increasing diffusion coefficients of the solvent water models at infinite dilution. TIP3P has the fastest diffusivity, in line with literature findings, while the "FB" and "OPC" water model families as well as TIP4P/2005 perform well, within a relative error of 5%, and TIP4P/2005 yields the most accurate estimate for the water diffusion coefficient. All of the tested water models overestimate amino acid diffusion coefficients by approximately 40% (TIP4P/2005) to 200% (TIP3P). Scaling of protein-water interactions with TIP4P/2005 in the Amber ff99SBws and ff03ws force fields leads to more negative HFEs but has little influence on the diffusion of amino acids. The most recent FF/water combinations of ff14SB/OPC3, ff15ipq/SPC/E<sub>b</sub>, and fb15/TIP3P-FB do not show obvious improvements in accuracy for the tested quantities. These findings here establish a benchmark that may aid in the development and improvement of classical force fields to accurately model protein dynamics and thermodynamics.
Global Cooling: Increasing World-Wide Urban Albedos to Offset CO2 (2009)

Modification of urban albedos reduces summertime urban temperatures, resulting in a better urban air quality and building air-conditioning savings. Furthermore, increasing urban albedos has the added benefit of reflecting some of the incoming global solar radiation and countering to some extent the effects of global warming. In many urban areas, pavements and roofs constitute over 60% of urban surfaces (roof 20-25%, pavements about 40%). Using reflective materials, both roof and the pavement albedos can be increased by about 0.25 and 0.10, respectively, resulting in a net albedo increase for urban areas of about 0.1. Many studies have demonstrated building cooling-energy savings in excess of 20% upon raising roof reflectivity from an existing 10-20% to about 60% (a U.S. potential savings in excess of $1 billion (B) per year in net annual energy bills). On a global basis, our preliminary estimate is that increasing the world-wide albedos of urban roofs and paved surfaces will induce a negative radiative forcing on the earth equivalent to removing {approx} 22-40 Gt of CO{sub 2} from the atmosphere. Since, 55% of the emitted CO{sub 2} remains in the atmosphere, removal of 22-40 Gt of CO{sub 2} from the atmosphere is equivalent to reducing global CO{sub 2} emissions by 40-73 Gt. At {approx} $25/tonne of CO{sub 2}, a 40-73 Gt CO{sub 2} emission reduction from changing the albedo of roofs and paved surfaces is worth about $1,000B to 1800B. These estimated savings are dependent on assumptions used in this study, but nevertheless demonstrate considerable benefits that may be obtained from cooler roofs and pavements.
A Bayesian analysis on historical clinical data concerning treatment change for HIV/AIDS patients (2012)

The advances of biomedical informatics have allowed considerable amounts of historical data to be recorded about an HIV/AIDS patient. By a Bayesian approach coupled with a statistical hierarchical analysis, we evaluate the significance of historical viral load and CD4 data on the HIV treatment change decision. We show that, while there is correlation between the decision and the historical data up to 3 years before the decision, historical viral load data at 12, 18 and 24 months before the decision and historical CD4 data at 30 and 36 months before the decision provide little additional predictive power to what is provided by more recent data. Our results suggest that in a resource-constrained situation, an abridged historical viral load and CD4 archive can provide comparable prognostic support to a fully-populated archive with significantly reduced storage costs.
NMR measurements on the solid–solid phase transition in dimethylacetylene (1977)

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