gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A fast automatic gain control scheme for initial cell search in 3GPP LTE TDD system (2011)

In this paper, we propose a fast automatic gain control (AGC) scheme for initial cell search in long term evolution (LTE) time division duplex (TDD) system. Since the received signal has a large signal power difference between uplink and downlink in TDD systems, conventional AGC scheme leads to increased AGC gain variation and the received signal will be attenuated. In order to overcome this problem, we propose a modified AGC scheme based on the average amplitude ratio calculation which can not only effectively increase convergence speed of the AGC gain but also maintain the stability of AGC operation. Also, it is important for AGC to converge efficiently for the accurate radio frame timing detection during the subsequent initial cell search procedure. Therefore, we also consider the proposed AGC scheme in combination with primary synchronization signal (PSS) detection interface. By using extensive computer simulation in the presence of frequency offset and various channel environments, we show that the proposed method can obtain a good behavior in terms of convergence speed and PSS detection performance in LTE TDD system and verify that it is attractive and suitable for implementation with stable operation.
InP-based components for telecom systems in Europe (2002)

The technological potential of InP-based optoelectronics for telecom systems is now strongly focused to the needs of existing and upcoming broadband services and network architectures. The paper describes present and evolving system applications and some exemplary component developments in Europe.
The Effects of Creatine Supplementation on Repeated Upper- and Lower-Body Wingate Performance (2001)

Nineteen physically active men supplemented their diet with 20 g per day creatine monohydrate (Cr group) or placebo (PI group) for 6 days. Before and after supplementation, subjects performed 3 arm Wingates (AW1, AW2, and AW3) and 3 leg Wingates (LW1, LW2, and LW3) on consecutive days. Wingates were separated by 2 minutes each. Mean power (MP), peak power (PP), and percent decrease (%D) were compared between and within groups. MP did not change significantly for arms or legs. PP did not change significantly for legs. PP increased significantly in the Cr group (AW1) and for the P1 group (AW1 and AW3). MP and PP were not significantly different between groups. The %D increased significantly in the P1 group (AW1, AW3, and LW3). For the Cr group, %D decreased significantly (pre vs. post) and was significantly lower than for the P1 group (LW2-post). Results suggest that short-term Cr supplementation does not enhance MP and PP during repeated upper- and lower-body Wingate tests when not accompanied by an increase in body weight. However, changes in %D suggest possible ergogenic effects.
Analysis of macrophage activation in African trypanosomiasis (2001)

African trypanosomes cause a fatal disease of man and animals that is characterized by extensive functional, histological, and pathological changes in the lymphoid tissues of infected hosts, including an increase in the numbers and activation state of macrophages. Macrophage activation during infection is the result of exposure of these cells to parasite components and host-derived IFN-gamma, produced in response to parasite antigens. The balance of these different activation signals may determine the outcome of infection. In the experiments described here, we assessed the ability of the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) of the organism Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (T.b. rhodesiense) to activate macrophages directly. Our results demonstrate that macrophages bind and are activated by the VSG molecule. The resulting profile of activation differs from that stimulated by IFN-gamma. These results suggest that the interaction of host macrophages with VSG released during parasite infection may be a key component of trypanosomiasis.
Study on the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange in water using Ag/ZnO as catalyst by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization ion-trap mass spectrometry (2008)

A nanocrystal catalyst Ag/ZnO was successfully synthesized using a simple solvothermal method in this study. This catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that this catalyst was composed of metallic Ag and ZnO. The photodegradation of methyl orange (MO) was investigated in aqueous suspension containing Ag/ZnO catalyst under UV irradiation. Liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization ion-trap mass spectrometry was applied to the analysis of the samples coming from the photocatalytic degradation of MO. The experimental results showed that there were four intermediates existing in the photocatalytic reaction. MO could be mineralized in the Ag/ZnO suspension after 60 min illumination.
11Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in human disease: a novel therapeutic target. (2005)

Patients with cortisol excess, Cushing's syndrome, develop a classical phenotype characterized by central obesity, hypertension, and increased cardiovascular mortality. Whilst this observation points to the importance of glucocorticoids, circulating cortisol excess is rare and does not explain the pathogenesis of many common conditions. At a tissue specific level, the enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1) locally regenerates active cortisol from inactive cortisone amplifying glucocorticoid receptor activation in the context of normal circulating cortisol levels. Increased 11beta-HSD1 activity and expression have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many common conditions including, obesity, insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovarian syndrome, osteoporosis and glaucoma. Furthermore, selective 11beta-HSD1 inhibition has been proposed as a novel therapeutic strategy in many of these conditions. Here we review the role of 11beta-HSD1 in human disease and discuss the impact of selective 11beta-HSD1 inhibition.
A self-tuning stabiliser for excitation or governor control of power systems (1989)

A method based on the minimization of a quadratic performance index, is proposed for designing a self-tuning power system stabilizer. In the method, a linear model for stabilizer design is chosen, and a conventional performance index is so modified that, upon minimization, the optimal control law possesses an additional derivative term not found in the conventional control law. The method utilizes the recursive least-squares algorithm for estimating the model parameters. Consequently, the stabilizer is self-tuning and is suitable for further stability enhancement of power systems. Simulation results show that the damping characteristics of a power system can be enhanced when the stabilizer is applied the excitation or governor loop.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chromium compounds on silica gel (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChromium compounds on silica gelDaniel Cornet and Robert L. Burwell Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 10, 2489–2494Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01012a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01012a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views202Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Protein kinase C enhances the rapidly activating delayed rectifier potassium current, <i>I</i><sub>Kr</sub>, through a reduction in C‐type inactivation in guinea‐pig ventricular myocytes (2000)

1. The rapidly activating delayed rectifier potassium current, IKr, was studied in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes in the presence of thiopentone, which blocks the more slowly activating component of the delayed rectifier potassium current, IKs, and using whole cell perforated patch clamp or switched voltage clamp with sharp electrodes to minimise intracellular dialysis. 2. Activation of protein kinase A (PKA) by isoprenaline or forskolin caused an increase in IKr tail currents. Following a 300 ms depolarising step to +20 mV, mean tail current amplitude was increased 47 +/- 12% by isoprenaline, and 73 +/- 13% by forskolin. No increase in IKr was observed when IKr was studied using whole cell ruptured patch clamp and there was no change in the reversal potential of IKr in the presence of isoprenaline. 3. The rectification of the current sensitive to E4031, a selective IKr blocker, was markedly reduced in the presence of isoprenaline and the region of negative slope was absent. This is consistent with a reduction in the inactivation of IKr and was supported by the finding that IKr, in the presence of isoprenaline, was somewhat less sensitive to block. E4031 (5 microM) blocked only 81 +/- 5% of IKr in the presence of isoprenaline compared to 100 +/- 0% in control. 4. The forskolin- and isoprenaline-induced increases in IKr were inhibited by staurosporine and by the selective protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor bisindolymaleimide I. Direct activation of PKC by phorbol dibutyrate increased IKr tail currents by 24 +/- 5%. Both the isoprenaline- and forskolin-induced increases in IKr were inhibited when calcium entry was reduced by block of ICa with nifedipine or when myocytes were pre-incubated in BAPTA-AM. 5. The selective PKA inhibitor KT5720 prevented the isoprenaline-induced increase in IKr only when the increase in ICa was also suppressed. 6. These data show a novel mechanism of regulation of IKr by PKC and this kinase was activated by beta-adrenoceptor stimulation. IKr seems to be enhanced through a reduction in the C-type inactivation which underlies the rectification of the channel and such a mechanism may occur in other channels with this type of inactivation.
The Evaluation of Interior Lighting on the Basis of Visual Criteria (1967)

Contrast sensitivity and visual acuity data are used to derive a unified visual performance contour which describes the generalized improvement in visual performance resulting as task background luminance is increased. Factors which influence the difficulty of visual tasks are described, and examples are given of the degree of task background luminance, and hence illuminance, required to permit criterion levels of performance for sample tasks. Physical principles and devices are described which permit measurements of: (a) task object contrast, (b) the integral of ocular light scatter which reduces task image contrast, and (c) the joint effect of luminance differences in the environment which produce transitional adaptive effects on visual performance. These physical aspects of luminous environments are shown to influence visual performance in quantitative ways which may be assessed by reference to the standard performance contour. An over-all lighting performance index is derived which takes account of the ta background luminance and these three other measures of the effects physical aspects of luminous environments have upon visual performance. Lighting performance indices are presented for five sample lighting installations, which reveal the overriding importance of other aspects of luminous environments than the level of illuminance they provide. The problem of predicting the over-all visual performance to be expected from specific luminous environments in advance of construction is discussed, and empirically derived calculational methods are described.
Identification of New Geometric Isomers of Methyl Linoleate Hydroperoxide and Their Chromatographic Behavior (2000)

New geometric isomers, methyl (9Z,11Z)-13-hydroperoxy-9,11-octadecadienoate and methyl (10Z,12Z)-9-hydroperoxy-10,12-octadecadienoate, were proved to be present in methyl linoleate hydroperoxide produced by autoxidation. They were identified from their UV, MS, and 1H-NMR spectra after conversion to the corresponding oxo derivatives: methyl (9Z,11Z)-13-oxo-9,11-octadecadienoate and methyl (10Z,12Z)-9-oxo-10,12-octadecadienoate. Their chromatographic behavior is described.
Ad hoc-VCG (2003)

We introduce a game-theoretic setting for routing in a mobile ad hoc network that consists of greedy, selfish agents who accept payments for forwarding data for other agents if the payments cover their individual costs incurred by forwarding data. In this setting, we propose Ad hoc-VCG, a reactive routing protocol that achieves the design objectives of truthfulness (i.e., it is in the agents' best interest to reveal their true costs for forwarding data) and cost-efficiency (i.e., it guarantees that routing is done along the most cost-efficient path) in a game-theoretic sense by paying to the intermediate nodes a premium over their actual costs for forwarding data packets. We show that the total overpayment (i.e., the sum of all premiums paid) is relatively small by giving a theoretical upper bound and by providing experimental evidence. Our routing protocol implements a variation of the well-known mechanism by Vickrey, Clarke, and Groves in a mobile network setting. Finally, we analyze a very natural routing protocol that is an adaptation of the Packet Purse Model [8] with auctions in our setting and show that, unfortunately, it does not achieve cost-efficiency or truthfulness.
Glycogen and poly- -hydroxybutyrate synthesis in Spirulina maxima (1992)

The effect of different growth conditions on the glycogen and poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) content of the cyanobacterium Spirulina maxima is described. Under photoautotrophic growth conditions without any nutrient limitation, S. maxima exhibited a glycogen content of between 7.1 and 10.7% of cell dry wt, whereas PHB was undetectable. When S. maxima was grown under mixotrophic conditions in the presence of acetate, the intracellular PHB concentration increased to more than 3% of dry wt, while glycogen content remained within the range of 5 to 6% of cell dry wt. Nitrogen starvation favoured glycogen accumulation (up to 60 to 70% of dry wt), while the PHB content remained low (up to 0.7% of dry wt), even after prolonged nitrogen starvation. Inhibition of protein synthesis, induced by addition of azaserine, led to the accumulation of glycogen (up to 52% of cell dry wt) but did not stimulate PHB synthesis. Under phosphorus-limited growth conditions, glycogen and PHB accumulated (up to 23% and 1.2% of cell dry wt, respectively) only after the exhaustion of intracellular phosphorus reserves. Shifting the culture from low to high light irradiance induced a rapid accumulation of glycogen (up to 34% of cell dry wt after 9 h) but did not induce PHB synthesis. Results are discussed in terms of the metabolic significance of PHB synthesis in cyanobacteria, and suggest that this polymer acts exclusively as a disposal mechanism to eliminate excess reducing equivalents.
Preparation and Evaluation of Rapidly Disintegrating Fast Release Tablet of Diazepam-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex (2010)

This study was undertaken to develop tablets of diazepam-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex that disintegrate within 3 minutes and release 85% of drug within 30 minutes to provide rapid action of the drug through oro-mucosal route. Formation of inclusion complex was verified using X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetric studies. Enhanced of aqueous solubility, as evident from phase solubility study, and dissolution of the drug were related with the formation of inclusion complex. Among the various formulations, tablet containing inclusion complex of drug/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in a molar ratio of 1:2, and a combination of microcrystalline cellulose/lactose in a ratio of 4:1 disintegrated in 13 seconds and released 85% drug within 9 minutes. Addition of 10% w/w polyvinyl pyrrolidone in the tablet formulation further enhanced the drug release. Accelerated stability study indicated that mean dissolution time of the drug from the tablet did not change significantly within 6 months.
Experiments on the action of mordants 2. Aluminium-haematein (1962)

ABSTRACT Unmordanted haematein in aqueous solution varies in colour from yellowish orange at pH 3 to bluish magenta at pH 9. In the presence of aluminium sulphate, the colour of solutions of haematein at any particular pH depends on the number of aluminium atoms to each molecule of haematein. At pH 4·6 the colour varies from yellowish orange through dull red to rose as the number of aluminium atoms to each molecule of haematein is increased from 12. The facts suggest that such solutions contain both uncombined haematein and an aluminium-haematein compound. From about pH 5 upwards the aluminium-haematein compound is insoluble. Although the dominant colour is blue, a considerable proportion of red light is transmitted. The blue colour attaches itself to tissue-constituents like a typical cationic (basic dye. It combines principally with the nucleic acids of chromatin; but if these are extracted from the tissues, it attaches itself to the acidic proteins of chromatin, and the appearance given is much the same. In differentiation by acid, the mordant is set free from the tissue. Chromatin that has been reddened by acid during or after dyeing becomes blue from about pH 5 upwards. Neutrality or alkalinity is not necessary for blueing. The dull red aluminium-haematein compound present in acid solutions acts (like the blue) as a cationic dye. When aluminium and haematein are used (as iron and haematein usually are) by the two-bath method, chromatin is dyed blue but collagen and certain other tissue-constituents yellowish. An exhaustive series of experiments shows that the yellowish colour is due to unmordanted haematein. At room temperature haematein is about 17 times more soluble in ethylene glycol than in ethanol, and 21 times than in water. In 25% aqueous solution ethylene glycol is a suitable solvent for practical use. A solution in this solvent containing aluminium and haematein in the proportion of 8 atoms of the metal to one molecule of haematein may conveniently replace Mayer’s Hdmalaun and similar mixtures.
Morphological and Surface Properties of Electrospun Chitosan Nanofibers (2008)

Nonwoven fiber mats of chitosan with potential applications in air and water filtration were successfully made by electrospinning of chitosan and poly(ethyleneoxide) (PEO) blend solutions. Electrospinning of pure chitosan was hindered by its limited solubility in aqueous acids and high degree of inter- and intrachain hydrogen bonding. Nanometer-sized fibers with fiber diameter as low as 80 +/- 35 nm without bead defects were made by electrospinning high molecular weight chitosan/PEO (95:5) blends. Fiber formation was characterized by fiber shape and size and was found to be strongly governed by the polymer molecular weight, blend ratios, polymer concentration, choice of solvent, and degree of deacetylation of chitosan. Weight fractions of polymers in the electrospun nonwoven fibers mats were determined by thermal gravimetric analysis and were similar to ratio of polymers in the blend solution. Surface properties of fiber mats were determined by measuring the binding efficiency of toxic heavy metal ions like chromium, and they were found to be related with fiber composition and structure.
Ligand displacement immunoassay: a novel enzyme immunoassay demonstrated for measuring theophylline in serum. (1984)

We describe a ligand displacement immunoassay for measurement of theophylline in serum or plasma and show it to be clinically useful. A conjugate of theophylline-specific antiserum covalently bound to micro-crystalline cellulose and a beta-galactosidase-labeled theophylline derivative is prepared as a lyophilized reagent. Sample is added to the conjugate and, after 5-min incubation at room temperature, the bound and displaced enzyme-ligand are separated by brief centrifugation. The enzyme activity of the displaced enzyme-ligand is measured on a spectrophotometer or centrifugal analyzer. Linear calibration curves are obtained with appropriate sample dilution, allowing generation of the standard curve with a saline zero reference and a single calibrator. Performance of the assay compares favorably with that of other theophylline assays; comparison studies with use of 145 clinical specimens gave a coefficient of correlation with EMIT of 0.97.
Chitin and Chitosan (2002)

The article contains sections titled: 

1.	Introduction	
2.	Molecular Structure and Conformation	
2.1.	Chitin	
2.2.	Chitosan	
3.	Raw Materials and Production	
3.1.	Isolation of Chitin from Crab and Shrimp Shells	
3.2.	Preparation of Chitosan from Chitin	
4.	Metabolism and Biosynthesis	
5.	Chemical Properties	
5.1.	Reactions on the Amino Group	
5.1.1.	N-Acylation	
5.1.2.	Formation of N-Alkylidene and N-Arylidene Derivatives	
5.1.3.	N-Alkylation and N-Arylation	
5.2.	Reactions at the Hydroxyl Group	
5.3.	Reactions at C-6	
5.4.	Graft Polymerization on Chitin and Chitosan	
6.	Application Forms and Formulations	
7.	Uses	
8.	Economic Aspects	
9.	Toxicology and Environmental Aspects
HP422-MoCHA: A H.264/AVC High Profile motion compensation architecture for HDTV (2008)

This work presents the HP422-MoCHA, the first published hardware architecture that implements a full compliant H.264/AVC motion compensator for high profile 4:2:2. The hardware is composed by three main modules: Motion Vector Predictor, Memory Access and Sample Interpolator. The designed architecture was described in VHDL and mapped to a Xilinx Virtex-II PRO FPGA. This architecture reaches the throughput to decode HDTV Level 4 (1080p) @ 30fps.
Mobile Robot Object Recognition through the Synergy of Probabilistic Graphical Models and Semantic Knowledge (2014)

Abstract. Mobile robots intended to perform high-level tasks have to recognize objects in their workspace. In order to increase the suc-cess of the recognition process, recent works have studied the use of contextual information. Probabilistic Graphical Models (PGMs) and Semantic Knowledge (SK) are two well-known approaches for deal-ing with contextual information, although they exhibit some draw-backs: the PGMs complexity exponentially increases with the num-ber of objects in the scene, while SK are unable to handle uncer-tainty. In this work we combine both approaches to address the object recognition problem. We propose the exploitation of SK to reduce the complexity of the probabilistic inference, while we rely on PGMs to enhance SK with a mechanism to manage uncertainty. The suitabil-ity of our method is validated through a set of experiments, in which a mobile robot endowed with a Kinect-like sensor captured 3D data from 25 real environments, achieving a promising result of∼94 % of success. 1
Coding sheet (1996)

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