gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Transplantation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Dermal Fibroblasts on the Angiogenesis in Rats (2004)

It has been established that the graft of cryopreserved dermal fibroblast is able to improve wound healing. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells has the ability to undergo site-specific differentiation and participates in wound healing process. The wound healing process requires angiogenesis and the formation of a vascular network throughout the newly formed tissue. In this study we examined the effect of xeno- transplantation of fresh human mesenchymal stem cells and dermal fibroblasts on the angiogenesis. Human mesenchymal stem cells and human fibroblasts were isolated from bone marrow and dermis of the same patients and were grown in culture respectively. We have developed a porous polyethylene disc as an experimental model system for angiogenesis. Single block of polyethylene was cut into discs which were 5mm in diameter and 3mm in thickness. Four discs were soaked in a solution containing 4×cells and 1 ml thrombin. After porous polyethylene discs were loaded with the cell-thrombin composite, they then were coated with fibrinogen. After the discs were cleaned from surrounding fibrin, they were implanted in the back of Sprague-Dawley rats. In group I, the discs were filled with fibrin alone without cells. In group II and III, the discs were loaded with fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells respectively. Eight rats and 16 discs per group(total 48 discs) were used in this study. After creating 6 pockets in the back of a rat, 6 discs(2 discs per group) were implanted. At three different time intervals from 1 to 3 weeks, the implanted discs were harvested and processed for histological study. A longitudinal section was cut with a thickness of 6 micrometers in the very middle of a disc. Histological study was carried out to examine the formation of microvessels in the implants. Microvascular density was measured by counting the number of microvessels in the very middle of a biopsy specimen under 100 magnification field. Only fibrinoid materials and inflammatory cells were detected in most of specimens in the first week under 100 magnification field of the very middle. There was no significant differences in microvascular density among the three groups. In the second week, extracellular matrices including microvessels were detected in all the 3 groups. The microvascular density of group III(17.75/ 100 magnification field) was significantly higher than that of group II(10.50/100 magnification field) and group I (10.25/100 magnification field). The third week specimens showed that most of the pores of the implants contained extracellular matrices. Significantly greater differences were seen in the microvascular density. The microvascular densities averaged 52.88, 26.12, and 17.50 per 100 magnification field for group III, II, and I respectively. The results indicate that transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells and dermal fibroblasts can significantly improve the angiogenesis in the wound healing process and mesenchymal stem cells are superior to dermal fibroblasts.
High-resolution phased array radar imaging by photonics-based broadband digital beamforming (2019)

A photonics-based broadband phased array radar is demonstrated to realize high-resolution imaging based on digital beamforming. This photonics-based phased array radar can achieve a high range resolution enabled by a large operation bandwidth, and can realize squint-free beam steering by digital true time delay (TTD) compensation. In addition, the photonic dechirp processing applied in the receiver can alleviate the hardware requirements for data sampling and storage, and hence remarkably enhance the real-time signal processing capability. In a proof-of-concept experiment, target imaging by a photonics-based 1 × 4 phased array radar that has a bandwidth of 4 GHz (22-26 GHz) is demonstrated, of which the range and azimuth resolution is measured to be 3.85 cm and 2.68°, respectively. The proposed scheme provides good solution to overcoming the bandwidth limitation and implementing high-resolution imaging in a phased array radar.
Load management: a trading perspective (2000)

DOI: 10.1049/ic:20000211 Location: London, UK Conference date: 6 March 2000 Format: PDF (13 pages)
The Use of Rectus Abdominis Sheath For Wrapping of the Hydroxyapatite Orbital Implants (1999)

Because of the decreasing availability of whole eye donation, the source of banked sclera is becoming less available. We used autogenous Rectus abdominis sheath (RAS) as an alternative to banked sclera in wrapping the hydroxyapatite (HA)orbital implant. Five anophthalmic patients were included in this study from July 1994 to December 1997. Identical surgical methods were used in every case. The average follow-up time was 18.4 months. The motility associated with sheath-wrapped HA implants was excellent and good vascular ingrowth was found in each patient during peg drilling. The complications are minimal in all the cases. Use of RAS as wrapping material for HA orbital implant has promising results. The RAS served as a practical substitute for banked donor sclera.
Functional reorganization in the rat dorsal horn during an experimental myositis (1994)

In anaesthetized rats, the influence of an acute inflammation (2-8 h duration) of the gastrocnemius-soleus (GS) muscle on the excitability of dorsal horn neurones was studied using a mapping procedure. One of the main effects of the myositis was that the neurone population responding to GS A-fibre input increased in size. The increase was most marked in the lateral segments L6-L3 which received little input from the GS muscle in control animals. Excitability testing showed a myositis-induced lowering in threshold, combined with an increase in latency, jitter and input convergence. This suggests that new oligo- or polysynaptic connections become functional under the influence of a myositis. Neuronal effects induced by C fibres in the GS nerves were not significantly altered by a myositis, but C fibre-induced activations from the peroneal and sural nerves increased in the lateral dorsal horn. The results show that an acute myositis leads to marked changes in the functional connectivity of the dorsal horn within a few hours. The main increase in excitability took place in the lateral dorsal horn, where many neurones acquired a new input from the GS muscle. This mechanism may be involved in the spread or referral of muscle pain.
Edge detection comparison study and discussion of a new methodology (2009)

A comparison study of well known edge detection methods (Sobel, Prewitt, Canny, LoG, Zerocross, Roberts) for binary images revealed that these methods have a tendency to distort images, especially under noisy conditions, with some methods exhibiting image distortion even under noiseless conditions. While Sobel, Prewitt, and Canny performed better overall, it was observed that they do not completely filter out noise (Gaussian, Poisson, Salt & Pepper, and Speckle). In addition, the scores dropped dramatically when edges within 0 pixel offset were considered. A new edge detection algorithm was developed that gave significance to pixel distribution. A threshold value was defined below which the pixels were considered to be insignificant. Another key point of the algorithm was to find the proximity of the pixels relative to the computed constants alpha and beta, which helped to filter out noises such as Gaussian noise. The edge detection algorithm is simple-if there are at least c <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> pixels that have a different color (or shade) than the target pixel, and if there are at least c <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> pixels that have the same color (or shade) of the target pixel, then this condition indicates the presence of an edge. The first check is performed to see whether there is a color (or shade) variation near the pixel location, and the second check is performed to see if there is pixel continuity. These combinations, together, effectively indicate the presence of an edge.
Impaired kisspeptin signaling decreases metabolism and promotes glucose intolerance and obesity (2014)

The neuropeptide kisspeptin regulates reproduction by stimulating gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons via the kisspeptin receptor KISS1R. In addition to GnRH neurons, KISS1R is expressed in other brain areas and peripheral tissues, which suggests that kisspeptin has additional functions beyond reproduction. Here, we studied the energetic and metabolic phenotype in mice lacking kisspeptin signaling (Kiss1r KO mice). Compared with WT littermates, adult Kiss1r KO females displayed dramatically higher BW, leptin levels, and adiposity, along with strikingly impaired glucose tolerance. Conversely, male Kiss1r KO mice had normal BW and glucose regulation. Surprisingly, despite their obesity, Kiss1r KO females ate less than WT females; however, Kiss1r KO females displayed markedly reduced locomotor activity, respiratory rate, and energy expenditure, which were not due to impaired thyroid hormone secretion. The BW and metabolic phenotype in Kiss1r KO females was not solely reflective of absent gonadal estrogen, as chronically ovariectomized Kiss1r KO females developed obesity, hyperleptinemia, reduced metabolism, and glucose intolerance compared with ovariectomized WT females. Our findings demonstrate that in addition to reproduction, kisspeptin signaling influences BW, energy expenditure, and glucose homeostasis in a sexually dimorphic and partially sex steroid-independent manner; therefore, alterations in kisspeptin signaling might contribute, directly or indirectly, to some facets of human obesity, diabetes, or metabolic dysfunction.
Image transfer (1992)

The transfer of digital images between data archives and scientific workstations is likely to consume a significant amount of network bandwidth in the very near future. This paper examines the image transfer problem from an end-to-end perspective, that is, it describes a complete image transfer protocol that takes into account both the nature of digital imagery and the properties of the underlying network. Specifically, it describes a simple algorithm for encoding images into network packets in such a way that the receiver can recover from dropped packets without requiring the sender to retransmit them. Avoiding retransmissions has the advantages of improving response time and eliminating the need to buffer data at the sender.
Disposable Wells: A Monobore One Trip Case Study (2005)

This paper will discuss a Monobore one trip cement through completion system. The system was designed to add artificial lift capabilities and improve safety to short life monobore wells. The disposable well bore concept is gaining popularity in regions worldwide. This paper will also discuss case histories including operation issues and problems and how they were solved.Operational procedures will be outlined to effectively demonstrate, and discuss the decision making process when determining the most cost effective candidates for this technology.
A silicon detector for neutrino physics (2002)

In order to demonstrate the feasibility of conducting future ! oscillation searches using a high-resolution, large-area silicon microstrip detector, the Silicon TARget (STAR) detector was built. STAR was installed in the NOMAD short baseline neutrino oscillation experiment at the CERN SPS neutrino beam, where it recorded approximately 10 000 neutrino interactions during the operation of the detector in the period 1997{98. It consists of ve layers of silicon detectors inter-leaved with four layers of passive boron carbide as the target. The target mass is 45 kg, while the total silicon surface area is 1.14 m2 and contains 32 000 readout channels. The individual modules have a length of 72 cm, the longest built to date. The detection of particles, produced in charged-current interactions, would require a tracking detector with a precision of a few tens of microns in order to measure the position of the neutrino interaction vertex as well as the impact parameter of the decay products. The performance of STAR was studied by reconstructing the decays of K0S mesons produced in charged-current interactions.
DNA Microarray Analysis of Cyanobacterial Gene Expression during Acclimation to High Light (2001)

DNA microarrays bearing nearly all of the genes of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp PCC 6803 were used to examine the temporal program of gene expression during acclimation from low to high light intensity. A complete pattern is provided of gene expression during acclimation of a photosynthetic organism to changing light intensity. More than 160 responsive genes were identified and classified into distinct sets. Genes involved in light absorption and photochemical reactions were downregulated within 15 min of exposure to high light intensity, whereas those associated with CO(2) fixation and protection from photoinhibition were upregulated. Changes in the expression of genes involved in replication, transcription, and translation, which were induced to support cellular proliferation, occurred later. Several unidentified open reading frames were induced or repressed. The possible involvement of these genes in the acclimation to high light conditions is discussed.
Automatic processing of foreign language documents (1970)

Abstract Experiments conducted over the last few years with the SMART document retrieval system have shown that fully automatic text processing methods using relatively simple English language analysis tools are as effective for document indexing, classification, search, and retrieval as the more elaborate manual methods normally used. The present study describes an extension of the SMART procedures to German language materials. A multilingual thesaurus is used for the analysis of documents and search requests, and tools are provided which make it possible to process English documents against German queries, and vice versa. The methods are evaluated and it is shown that the effectiveness of the mixed language processing is approximately equivalent to that of the standard process operating within a single language only.
Broad-beam transmission data for new brachytherapy sources, Tm-170 and Yb-169 (2005)

The characteristics of the radionuclides (170)Tm and (169)Yb are highly interesting for their use as high dose-rate brachytherapy sources. The introduction of brachytherapy equipment containing these sources will lead to smaller required thicknesses of the materials used in radiation protection barriers compared with the use of conventional sources such as (192)Ir and (137)Cs. The purpose of this study is to determine the required thicknesses of protection material for the design of the protecting walls. Using the Monte Carlo method, transmission data were derived for broad-beam geometries through lead and concrete barriers, from which the first half value layer and tenth value layer are obtained. In addition, the dose reduction in a simulated patient was studied to determine whether transmission in the patient is a relevant factor in radiation protection calculations.
Zinc-Induced Molt: Evidence for a Direct Inhibitory Effect on Granulosa Cell Steroidogenesis (1992)

Results from previous studies indicate that the use of dietary zinc may provide an effective means to initiate an induced molt in laying hens. Although much evidence indicates that high concentrations of zinc (10,000 to 20,000 ppm) cause the cessation of lay primarily by depressing feed intake, recent data suggest that lower concentrations (2,800 ppm) in a calcium-deficient diet may act via a direct action on the ovary. Therefore, a series of in vitro studies was conducted to evaluate whether zinc can affect granulosa cell progesterone production. Incubation of granulosa cells from the largest preovulatory (F1) follicle with zinc as zinc sulfate (.1 to 10 microM) had no effect on basal progesterone production. By contrast, ovine luteinizing hormone-stimulated progesterone production was inhibited (P less than .05) in a dose-related fashion by zinc in both the sulfate and acetate forms (1 to 10 microM). Furthermore, zinc attenuated oLH- and forskolin-induced cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) formation, and inhibited 8-bromo-cAMP- and calcium ionophore (A23187)-induced progesterone production. Such results indicate both pre- and post-cAMP sites of action for zinc's inhibitory actions on progesterone production in F1 granulosa cells. Finally, ovine follicle-stimulating hormone-stimulated cAMP accumulation and progesterone production in granulosa cells collected from 9- to 12-mm follicles (a stage of development representing the early, rapid growth phase) were suppressed (P less than .05) by co-incubation of cells with zinc.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Managing Fashion Goods Inventories: Dynamic Recourse for Retailers with Outlet Stores (2003)

The proliferation of both online and bricks and mortar outlet stores underscores the observation that secondary markets are readily accessible to retailers of short-life-cycle products. These secondary markets provide recourse channels for retailers to sell excess inventory of out-of-favor items at reduced prices when overstocking occurs in a primary market. We study the problem of determining when a retailer should terminate its primary selling season by selling remaining inventory on a secondary market. The retailer has a single opportunity to procure prior to a primary selling season consisting of multiple periods. Demand in each period is random, but correlated. At the end of each period, any remaining inventory incurs a holding cost. Then, based upon the current level of inventory and the cumulative demand-to-date, the retailer decides either to terminate the primary selling season by selling all or part of the remaining inventory on a secondary market, or to extend the current primary selling season by another period. We develop structural properties of the optimal policy for determining when to terminate the primary selling season, and we develop corresponding implications for procurement.
The Difficult Problem of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in the Older Adult (2002)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in older adults is a biologically and clinically distinct entity. Based on analysis of cytogenetic and molecular data, it is known that leukemic cells in older patients are intrinsically resistant to standard chemotherapy. Due to comorbid disease and impaired bone marrow stem cell reserve, older adults tolerate myelosuppressive chemotherapy poorly, with a treatment-related mortality rate of 25 percent. About 35 percent of adults under age 40 are cured, but the complete remission rate (likelihood of temporary disease eradication) is 45 percent in those over age 60, considerably lower than the 75% rate among younger patients, and the possibility of long-term disease free survival is 20 percent in those achieving remission or less than 10 percent overall. Standard allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is too dangerous to be considered as a means to eradicate minimal residual disease after remission is obtained and myelointensive chemotherapy is not a beneficial post-remission strategy in this age cohort. These disappointing results call for more effective and less toxic therapeutic options. Advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of AML and promising early clinical data suggest that the era of truly targeted therapy in this difficult disease may soon be a reality.
Improving Error Robustness of H.263 Bitstreams (2001)

In this work we present a solution for the transmission of H.263 bitstream over error prone channels. The significance of each H.263 syntactical element has been investigated. This allows designing Equal (EEP) and Unequal Error Protection (UEP) schemes. By using a joint source-channel coding scheme we achieved video PSNR improvements over 20 dB.
Differential expression of cell surface antigens of canine keratinocytes defined by monoclonal antibodies. (1990)

Nine monoclonal antibodies (MAb) directed against cell surface antigens of canine keratinocytes define distinct keratinocyte subpopulations owing to the differential expression of these antigens during the process of differentiation and depending on the tissue location of the cells. There was distinct antigenic heterogeneity between the different layers of stratified squamous epithelium and between stratified squamous epithelial of different tissue origin. Two MAb reacted only with antigens expressed by esophageal mucosa. Three MAb bound to antigens on keratinocytes of the suprabasilar and granular layers of stratified squamous epithelia, and they crossreacted with the transitional epithelial cells of the urinary tract. Two MAb reacted with antigens only expressed on differentiated cells, superficially located in the stratified squamous epithelium. The use of these MAb as markers for keratinocytes in studies on the characterization and differentiation of keratinocytes, as well as in tumor diagnosis and allograft transplantation, is discussed.
A Review of Electrostatic Wave Measurements on Auroral Magnetic Field Lines (1979)

The review emphasizes experimental evidence for electrostatic waves on auroral zone magnetic field lines. Data were obtained from radar, balloon, rocket, and satellite observations. The paper is organized around three topics: (1) the turbulent density and velocity fields of the magnetospheric flow, (2) instabilities associated with the convection electric field and its interactions with the neutral atmosphere, and (3) waves and discontinuities in the dynamic region at about one earth radius above the auroral zone. Measurements of both the electric field and density fluctuation component of such waves are included. Although this is not a theoretical study, an attempt is made to organize the measurements about the existing theoretical framework.
THERAPEUTIC HOTLINE: Treatment of androgenic alopecia with finasteride may result in a high grade prostate cancer in patients: fact or fiction? (2010)

Finasteride at a dose of 1 mg (Propecia®) has been used for the treatment of androgenic alopecia in men. Though finasteride has been successfully used, there is ongoing controversy surrounding its use since the publication of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT) which includes claims of increased risk for higher grade prostate cancers. This has produced confusion on consulting and treatment of patients interested in starting finasteride for androgenic alopecia. We felt there was a need to clarify further the results of PCPT for our readers and help understanding the real risk of prostate cancer development of patients on finasteride. In conclusion, we suggest the guidelines for treatment monitoring for patients on finasteride which based on comprehensive review of the trial presents safe treatment for androgenetic alopecia without the concern for the induction of high-grade prostate cancer.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (1986)

Magnetic resonance imaging is the newest of the imaging modalities available for the diagnosis of diseases of children. No ionizing radiation is used and most studies are performed without the administration of contrast material. FUNDAMENTALS OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGE FORMATION Physics The physics of magnetic resonance imaging is only accurately explained by complex mathematics, but analogy can serve as a rough guide. When placed in a strong magnetic field, atomic nuclei containing odd numbers of protons and neutrons align along the lines of magnetic force. The magnetic fields used are in the range of 6,000 to 15,000 G. (The earth's magnetic field measures 5 G.) Although many kinds of nuclei can be used, current magnetic resonance imaging systems image hydrogen nuclei.