gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetic and equilibrium study of the hydrogen bond dimerization of 2-pyridone in hydrogen bonding solvents (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetic and equilibrium study of the hydrogen bond dimerization of 2-pyridone in hydrogen bonding solventsGordon G. Hammes and P. J. LillfordCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 26, 7578–7585Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00729a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00729a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views413Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A nonmonotonic concentration depth profile of Pt–Rh alloys: A surface segregation study using the atom-probe field ion microscope (1985)

Equilibrium concentration depth profiles with true single atomic layer depth resolution have been obtained for the surface segregation of Pt–Rh alloys using a time-of-flight atom-probe field ion microscope. The depth profiles obtained for the (001) plane of Pt–Rh alloys of five different bulk composition all show an enrichment of Rh to the top surface layer. It is also observed that there is a significant Rh depletion in the second layer. An additional feature of cosegregated sulfur impurity and overlayer formation is observed. The question of the possible nonequilibrium depth profiles has been resolved by a careful experimental testing. The surface segregation of Rh is consistent with several theoretical models, whereas the nonmonotonic concentration profile may indicate an oscillatory structure in the potential of single ions in the near surface layers.
[Genetic variation may influence the development of persistent postsurgical pain]. (2014)

Persistent postsurgical pain is a major clinical problem. It is not fully understood why some patients develop persistent postsurgical pain while others do not. The genetic profile might play an important role in this development. In this article, we summarize the existing studies examining the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms on the development of persistent postsurgical pain. The evidence in this area is sparse and the results are heterogeneous. Further studies are needed before firm conclusions can be made.
Proposal for continuous white-light cooling of an atomic beam (1988)

Deceleration and cooling of an atomic beam by a counterpropagating beam of white light is studied by numerically integrating the classical equations of motion. It is shown that nonresonant scattering limits the cooling, but this limitation can be overcome by the addition of a monochromatic, copropagating light beam. Such a scheme can continuously cool about 70% of a thermal atomic beam to a temperature of the order of 50 mK.
Natural and Electroporation-Mediated Transformation of <i>Methanococcus voltae</i> Protoplasts (1994)

The lack of high-efficiency transformation systems has severely impeded genetic research on methanogenic members of the kingdom Archaeobacteria. By using protoplasts of Methanococcus voltae and an integration vector, Mip1, previously shown to impart puromycin resistance, we obtained natural transformation frequencies that were about 80-fold higher (705 transformants per mug of transforming DNA) than that reported with whole cells. Electroporation-mediated transformation of M. voltae protoplasts with covalently closed circular Mip1 DNA was possible, but at lower frequencies of ca. 177 transformants per mug of vector DNA. However, a 380-fold improvement (3,417 transformants per mug of DNA) over the frequency of natural transformation with whole cells was achieved by electroporation of protoplasts with linearized DNA. This general approach, of using protoplasts, should allow the transformation of other methanogens, especially those that may be gently converted to protoplasts as a result of their tendency to lyse in hypotonic solutions.
Visualization of Membrane Sorting and Fusion in Living Cells using Total Internal Reflection (TIR) and Multicolor Video Microscopy (2001)

Abstract Post-Golgi sorting of different classes of newly synthesized proteins and lipids is central to the generation and maintenance of cellular polarity. to directly visualize the dynamics and location of apical/basolateral sorting and trafficking we used fast time-lapse multicolor video microscopy in living cells. Specifically, green fluorescent protein color variants (cyan, CFP; yellow, YFP) of apical cargo (GPI-anchored) and basolateral cargo (vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein, VSVG) were generated; see FIG 1. Fast dual color fluorescence video microscopy allowed visualization with high temporal and spatial resolution. Our studies revealed that apical and basolateral cargo progressively segregated into large domains in Golgi/TGN structures, excluded resident proteins, and exited in separate transport containers. These carries remained distinct and did not merge with endocytic structures en route to the plasma membrane. Interestingly, our data suggest that the primary sorting occurs by lateral segregation in the Golgi, prior to budding (FIG 2). Further characterization of morphological differences of apical versus basolateral transport carriers was achieved using a specialized microscopy technique called total internal reflection (TIR) microscopy. with this approach only the bottom of the cell (&lt;100 nm) was illuminated by an exponentially decaying evanescent “wave” of light. A series of images, taken at ∼1 second intervals, shows a bright “flash” of fluorescence when the vesicle fuse with the plasma membrane and the fluorophore diffuses into the plasma membrane (FIG 3).
mTOR Signaling (2011)

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that integrates environmental cues (e.g., growth factors and energy status) to control cell growth and proliferation.
Access to affordable medicines after health reform: evidence from two cross-sectional surveys in Shaanxi Province, western China (2013)

The National Natural Science Fund (71103141/G0308), the China Medical Board Faculty Development Awards, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2011jdhz62), the Shaanxi Provincial Social Science Fund (10E066), and the Harvard Medical School Pharmaceutical Policy Research Fellowship.
Assessment of blood flow parameters in ophthalmic artery intracranial and extracranial segments during orthostatic tests (1997)

Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universitetas (302536989)
Characterization of edge effects in precision low-coherence interferometry using broadband light sources (2017)

Within this work an alternative approach to precision surface profilometry based on a low-coherence interferometer is presented. Special emphasis is placed on the characterization of edge effects, which influence the measurement result on sharp edges and steep slopes. In contrast to other works, this examination focuses on the comparison of very broadband light sources such as a supercontinuum white-light source (SC; 380 - 1100 nm) and a laser-driven plasma light source (LDP; 200 - 1100 nm) and their influence on the formation of these effects. The interferometer is equipped with one of these broadband light sources and a defined dispersion over a given spectral range. The spectral width of the light sources in combination with the dispersive element defines the possible measurement range and resolution. Instead of detecting the signals only in a one-dimensional manner, an imaging spectrometer on the basis of a high resolution CMOS-camera is set-up. Through the introduction of a defined dispersion, a controlled phase variation in the spectral domain is created. This phase variation is dependent on the optical path difference between both arms and can therefore be used as a measure for the height of a structure which is present in one arm. <br/> The results of measurements on a 100 nm height standard with both selected light sources have been compared. Under consideration of the coherence length of both light sources of 1.58 μm for the SC source and 1.81 m for the LDP source differences could be recorded. Especially at sharp edges, the LDP light source could record height changes with slopes twice as steep as the SC source. Furthermore, it became obvious, that measurements with the SC source tend to show edge effects like batwings due to diffraction. Additional effects on the measured roughness and the flatness of the profile were investigated and discussed.
Untersuchungen an 1,3‐Dicarbonylverbindungen, 14. Mitt. 4‐Oxo‐4<i>H</i>‐[1]benzofuro[3,2‐b]pyrane und 4‐Oxo‐4<i>H</i>[1]benzothieno‐[3,2‐b]pyrane (1980)

Abstract Die 1,3‐Dicarbonylverbindungen 1 kondensieren mit Oxalsäurediestern zu den 1,3,5,6‐Tetracarbonylverbindungen 2 , die unter milden alkalischen Bedingungen zu den Ketocarbonsäuren 3 hydrolysieren. 2 und 3 cyclisieren beim Erhitzen in mit HCl gesättigten Alkoholen zu den 4‐Pyron‐2‐carbonsäureestern 4 . Aus 4 erhält man die Säuren 5 , die sich mit Chinolin/Kupfer zu den heterocyclischen Grundkörpern 6 decarboxylieren lassen. 6b ist auch durch Umsetzung von 1b mit Dimethylformamiddimethylacetal (DMFDMA) und Behandlung des Produkts 8b mit Säuren zugänglich, während aus la mit DMFDMA das Derivat 7a erhalten wird. Aus 4 werden mit Ammoniak die Säureamide 10 , aus 6 mit Dimethylsulfat/HClO 4 die Pyryliumsalze 11 hergestellt. 4 und 6 reagieren mit P 4 S 10 , zu den Thiocarbonylverbindungen 12 und 13 . Kondensation von 2 mit Orthoameisensäureethylester/Acetanhydrid ergibt die 4‐Pyron‐3‐ketocarbonsäureester 14 . 14b konnte zur Ketocarbonsäure 15b verseift und diese zur 4‐Pyron‐3‐carbonsäure 16b oxidativ decarbonyliert werden.
Overexpression and mass spectrometry analysis of mature human acid ceramidase (2007)

Human acid ceramidase catalyzes the last step of lysosomal sphingolipid degradation, the hydrolysis of ceramide to sphingosine and free fatty acid. Inherited deficiency of acid ceramidase activity leads to Farber disease (Farber lipogranulomatosis). In this study, we describe the overexpression and processing of recombinant human acid ceramidase in Sf21 insect cells, its purification and characterization. Infection of Sf21 cells with a recombinant baculovirus encoding acid ceramidase precursor led to a mixture of human acid ceramidase precursor and mature enzyme secreted into the medium. Acidification of the cell culture supernatant to pH 4.2-4.3 triggered the processing of the precursor and resulted in a homogeneous sample of mature human acid ceramidase. The enzyme was purified by chromatography on Concanavalin A Sepharose and Octyl Sepharose yielding 1 mg purified protein per liter of supernatant. The recombinant enzyme was deglycosylated with peptide N-glycosidase F and the main component of the released oligosaccharides was identified as GlcNAc(2)(Fuc)Man(3) by electrospray mass spectrometry. Apparently, five of the six potential N-glycosylation sites were used. Tryptic digestion of the functional recombinant enzyme and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight- and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry analysis of the resulting peptides indicated disulfide bridges between C10-C319, C122-C271 and C367-C371.
Nonexistence of incommensurate smectic-<i>A</i>phases in binary mixtures of 8OBCAB and DB8OCN (1992)

The structure of frustrated smectic phases exhibited by binary mixtures of 4-n-octyloxyphenyl-4'-cyanobenzoyloxybenzoate (DB8OCN) and 4-n-octyloxybenzoate-4'-cyanoazobenzene (8OBCAB) have been studied by high-resolution x-ray diffraction. This system was previously reported to exhibit three incommensurate smectic-A phases. These incommensurate smectic ${\mathit{A}}_{\mathit{i}1}$,${\mathit{A}}_{\mathit{i}2}$, and the soliton ${\mathit{A}}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{s}}$ phases are found to be coexistences of ${\mathit{A}}_{\mathit{d}}$ and ${\mathit{A}}_{1}$;${\mathit{A}}_{\mathit{d}}$ and ${\mathit{A}}_{2}$; and ${\mathit{A}}_{\mathit{d}}$,${\mathit{A}}_{1}$, and ${\mathit{A}}_{2}$ phases, respectively. As of now, there are no known incommensurate smectic-A phases.
ChemInform Abstract: Activation of Reducing Agents. Sodium Hydride Containing Complex Reducing Agents. Part 24. Beneficial Effect of Me3SiCl on the Reducing Properties of NiCRA. (1987)

Abstract The reactivity of the complex reducing agent NiCRA (sodium hydride, anhydrous nickel acetate, and tert‐amyl alcohol), is improved by addition of trimethylchlorosilane.
Microcrack Nucleation in Ceramics Subject to a Phase Transformation (1984)

The nucleation of microcracks from twins formed in mono‐clinic ZrO 2 was analyzed. The twin formation was shown to result in large tensile stress concentrations capable of spontaneous microcrack nucleation. The role of interface dislocations in microcrack nucleation was also considered.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 5-Ethyl-2-[2-(4-nitrophenoxy)ethyl]-pyridine (2006)

The title compound, C15H16N2O3, was synthesized and the structure was investigated by X-ray crystallography. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca with cell parameters a = 17.3530(6)Å, b = 8.158(3)Å, c = 20.482(3)Å, Z = 8. The structure exhibits intermolecular hydrogen bonds of the type C-H…N.
Catalytic Synthesis of β-D-Ribofuranosides from D-Ribofuranose and Alcohols (1993)

Abstract Catalytic synthesis of β-D-ribofuranosides from C-1 free ribofuranose, 2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-D-ribofuranose, and alcohols is efficiently performed by combined use of silver salts and Lawesson’s reagent, [2,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dithia-2,4-diphosphetane-2,4-disulfide], or silver salts and diphenyltin sulfide (Ph2Sn=S) under mild conditions.
Single-cell multimodal omics and directly reprogrammed neurons to probe reduced penetrance in Frontotemporal Dementia (2020)

Disclaimer “This manuscript has been withdrawn by the authors as it was submitted and made public without the full consent of all the authors. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.”
Pyrroloiminoquinone Alkaloids: Discorhabdins and Makaluvamines (2005)

The pyrroloiminoquinone alkaloid family consisting of discorhabdins and makaluvamines exhibits antitumor activities derived from their unique highly-fused structures. The total synthesis of them and the key reactions used in the total synthesis of these compounds are described. Keywords: discorhabdin c, yamamura's synthesis, heathcock's synthesis, white's formal synthesis, makaluvamine a, kraus's synthesis
Non-uniform Composition Profiles in Inorganic Thin Films from Aqueous Solutions (2015)

A variety of metal oxide films (InGaOx, AlOx, "HafSOx") prepared from aqueous solutions were found to have non-uniform electron density profiles using X-ray reflectivity. The inhomogeneity in HafSOx films (Hf(OH)4-2x-2y(O2)x(SO4)y·zH2O), which are currently under investigation as inorganic resists, were studied in more detail by high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) and medium-energy ion scattering (MEIS). The HAADF-STEM images show a greater concentration of heavy atoms near the surface of a single-layer film. MEIS data confirm the aggregation of Hf at the film surface. The denser "crust" layer in HafSOx films may directly impact patterning resolution. More generally, the phenomenon of surface-layer inhomogeneity in solution-deposited films likely influences film properties and may have consequences in other thin-film systems under investigation as resists, dielectrics, and thin-film transistor components.
The Walden Inversion: Configurational Effects in the Solvolytic Reactions of α-Phenylethyl Chloride<sup>1</sup> (1937)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Walden Inversion: Configurational Effects in the Solvolytic Reactions of α-Phenylethyl Chloride1Joseph Steigman and Louis P. HammettCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1937, 59, 12, 2536–2542Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1937Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1937https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01291a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01291a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views265Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ASPHALT-RUBBER STRESS-ABSORBING MEMBRANES: FIELD PERFORMANCE AND STATE OF THE ART (1976)

Pavement cracking and subsequent reflection through overlays are directly associated with pavement deterioration and maintenance problems. During the early 1960s a process was developed using a composition of 25 percent ground tire rubber reacted with 75 percent hot asphalt. This process has been in full-scale field projects in the form of stress-absorbing seal coats and interlayers and as waterproof membranes. Results from approximately 3200 lane-km (2000 lane-miles) of construction clearly show that this basic elastomeric material performs as a waterproof membrane and has a high capacity to absorb direct tensile, flexural, and shearing stresses. The paper reviews the performance of the asphalt-rubber seal coats placed 1967 and the present state of the art of design and construction. It further reviews the potentials of stress-absorbing membranes placed to (a) prevent reflective cracking of overlays placed over both flexible and rigid pavements; (b) provide bridge deck protection; (c) control differential movement of existing pavements constructed over expansive clays; (d) provide economical construction for low-volume roadways; and (e) provide improved elastomeric sealing of cracks and joints.
1.9-μm diode-laser-assisted anastomoses (LAMA) in reconstructive microsurgery: results of the preliminary clinical study (2001)

The authors report an original 1.9-micrometers diode laser assisted microvascular anastomosis (LAMA) in human. This technique has been applied in 20 patients during reconstructive surgery for digital replantations (nequals6), for digital revascularizations (nequals4) and for free flap transfers (nequals10). LAMA were always performed on vessel (16 arteries and 6 veins) which did not impede the chance of success of the surgical procedure in case of thrombosis. LAMA was performed with a 1.9-micrometers diode laser after placement of 2 equidistant stitches at 180 degrees. The diode spot was obtained by means of a 300-micrometers optic fiber transmitted to the vessel wall via a pencil size hand piece. The following parameters were used: spot size equals 500 micrometers , power equals 70 to 220 mW, pulse duration equals 0.7 to 3 seconds. Ten to 15 spots were applied on each face. The mechanism involved is a thermal effect on the collagen of the adventitia and media leading to a phenomenon which the authors have termed 'heliofusion'. Immediate assessment consisted in evaluating the permeability by patency test (O'Brien) and water tightness. Secondary assessment consisted in evaluating the clinical success, confirmed by Doppler at one month.
Discriminative and articulatory feature-based pronunciation models for conversational speech recognition (2013)

vely training one or more WFSTs in a method to train a pronunciation model ersational speech, resulting in significognition performance over the baseciation models, weighted finite state n training.
The development of hierarchical titanium oxide monoliths as ideal heterogeneous catalysts (2010)

Fig. 4: Adsorption capacity of PMO-b as a function of time with a concentration of 10 (closed bullet) and 100 (open square) ppm. Introduction – Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas (PMOs) are ordered materials that possess large specific surface areas (± 1000 m2/g), contain pores around 7 nm and exhibit a narrow pore size distribution. They are synthesized with a organo-bissilane, for example (OEt)3-Si-CH=CH-Si-(OEt)3, and thus combine inorganic rigidity with chemical organic diversity. Furthermore, they can be modified which leads to a fine-tuned material. Therefore, they can be used in a whole range of different applications. In this study, focus is placed upon the adsorption of the heavy metal mercury(II) and the esterification of acetic acid with propanol. In both applications, a pure trans ethene PMO (Fig.1a) is functionalized to suit as an adsorbent (-SH; Fig.1b,d) or an acid solid catalyst (-SO3H; Fig.1c,e).
Mineral accumulation in natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana (2011)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Improved Focalization of Electrical Microstimulation Using Microelectrode Arrays: A Modeling Study (2009)

Extracellular electrical stimulation (EES) of the central nervous system (CNS) has been used empirically for decades, with both fundamental and clinical goals. Currently, microelectrode arrays (MEAs) offer new possibilities for CNS microstimulation. However, although focal CNS activation is of critical importance to achieve efficient stimulation strategies, the precise spatial extent of EES remains poorly understood. The aim of the present work is twofold. First, we validate a finite element model to compute accurately the electrical potential field generated throughout the extracellular medium by an EES delivered with MEAs. This model uses Robin boundary conditions that take into account the surface conductance of electrode/medium interfaces. Using this model, we determine how the potential field is influenced by the stimulation and ground electrode impedances, and by the electrical conductivity of the neural tissue. We confirm that current-controlled stimulations should be preferred to voltage-controlled stimulations in order to control the amplitude of the potential field. Second, we evaluate the focality of the potential field and threshold-distance curves for different electrode configurations. We propose a new configuration to improve the focality, using a ground surface surrounding all the electrodes of the array. We show that the lower the impedance of this surface, the more focal the stimulation. In conclusion, this study proposes new boundary conditions for the design of precise computational models of extracellular stimulation, and a new electrode configuration that can be easily incorporated into future MEA devices, either in vitro or in vivo, for a better spatial control of CNS microstimulation.