gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SEISMIC RECIPROCITY (1959)

Abstract The reciprocity relationship describing the relations among the fields resulting from the interchange of point sources and receivers may be extended to the seismic case. Seismic reciprocity can be described either in terms of the scalar product of the vectors representing the excitation of the source and the field at the receiver, or in terms of a Green's tensor describing these two quantities. Theoretical reciprocity relations give no information concerning reciprocity in the cases for which the scalar product vanishes. A simple experiment in the vector case demonstrates that reciprocity is not obtained when the scalar product of the two vectors vanishes.
Multi-layer Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Networks: Modeling and Performance Analysis (2019)

Since various types of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with different hardware capabilities are introduced, we establish a foundation for the multi-layer aerial network (MAN). First, the MAN is modeled as K layer ANs, and each layer has UAVs with different densities, floating altitudes, and transmission power. To make the framework applicable for various scenarios in MAN, we consider the transmitter- and the receiver-oriented node association rules as well as the air-to-ground and air-to-air channel models, which form line of sight links with a location-dependent probability. We then newly analyze the association probability, the main link distance distribution, successful transmission probability (STP), and area spectral efficiency (ASE) of MAN. The upper bounds of the optimal densities that maximize STP and ASE are also provided. Finally, in the numerical results, we show the optimal UAV densities of an AN that maximize the ASE and the STP decrease with the altitude of the network. We also show that when the total UAV density is fixed for two layer AN, the use of single layer in higher(lower) altitude only for all UAVs can achieve better performance for low(high) total density case, otherwise, distributing UAVs in two layers, i.e., MAN, achieves better performance.
Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head (1999)

New cases of osteonecrosis of the femoral head in the United States number between 10,000 and 20,000 per year. This disease usually affects patients in their late 30s and early 40s. Although a number of authors have related specific risk factors to this disease, its etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment remain a source of considerable controversy. This disorder has been associated with corticosteroid use, substance abuse, and various systemic medical conditions. Either direct damage to osteocytes (e.g., by toxin production) or indirect damage (e.g., due to disorders in fat metabolism or hypoxia) may lead to osteonecrosis. Patients at increased risk for osteonecrosis should be monitored closely. Unfortunately, most cases are diagnosed in an advanced stage of disease, when minimally invasive surgical procedures are no longer helpful. Furthermore, patients in the advanced stage of the disease must undergo total hip replacement at a young age, which carries a poor long-term prognosis.
Isolation and Culture of Skeletal Muscle Myofibers as a Means to Analyze Satellite Cells (2004)

Myofibers are the functional contractile units of skeletal muscle. Mononuclear satellite cells located between the basal lamina and the plasmalemma of the myofiber are the primary source of myogenic precursor cells in postnatal muscle. This chapter describes protocols used in our laboratory for isolation, culturing, and immunostaining of single myofibers from mouse skeletal muscle. The isolated myofibers are intact and retain their associated satellite cells underneath the basal lamina. The first protocol discusses myofiber isolation from the flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) muscle. Myofibers are cultured in dishes coated with Vitrogen collagen, and satellite cells remain associated with the myofibers undergoing proliferation and differentiation on the myofiber surface. The second protocol discusses the isolation of longer myofibers from the extensor digitorum longus (EDL). Different from the FDB myofibers, the longer EDL myofibers tend to tangle and break when cultured together; therefore, EDL myofibers are cultured individually. These myofibers are cultured in dishes coated with Matrigel. The satellite cells initially remain associated with the myofiber and later migrate away to its vicinity, resulting in extensive cell proliferation and differentiation. These protocols allow studies on the interplay between the myofiber and its associated satellite cells.
Securing Encryption Key Distribution in WLAN via QKD (2012)

Society becomes more and more electronic and many daily applications, like those of e-commerce, need a height level of security because of the sensitivity of the manipulated data. Cryptography is the main way to ensure security of data, such passwords, cards numbers, etc. However, the classical cryptography suffers from relevant problematic of secured key sharing. According to Shannon theory, a secured encryption key is the one generated randomly and used only once time. The Quantum Key Distribution, based on quantum physic lows, offers the opportunity to generate such a key. It seems also, to be the only technique that does not present vulnerability against the quantum calculating power. In this paper, we present an enhanced scheme for deriving a secured encryption key for WLAN using the quantum key distribution principals.
The road ahead for Mining Software Repositories (2008)

Source control repositories, bug repositories, archived communications, deployment logs, and code repositories are examples of software repositories that are commonly available for most software projects. The mining software repositories (MSR) field analyzes and cross-links the rich data available in these repositories to uncover interesting and actionable information about software systems. By transforming these repositories from static record-keeping ones into active repositories, we can guide decision processes in modern software projects. For example, data in source control repositories, traditionally used to archive code, could be linked with data in bug repositories to help practitioners propagate complex changes and to warn them about risky code based on prior changes and bugs. In this paper, we present a brief history of the MSR field and discuss several recent achievements and results of using MSR techniques to support software research and practice. We then discuss the various opportunities and challenges that lie in the road ahead for this important and emerging field.
An Analytical Model for Wireless Sensor Networks with Sleeping Nodes (2006)

We consider a wireless sensor network whose nodes may enter the so-called sleep mode, corresponding to low power consumption and reduced operational capabilities. We develop a Markov model of the network representing: 1) the behavior of a single sensor as well as the dynamics of the entire network, 2) the channel contention among sensors, and 3) the data routing through the network. We use this model to evaluate the system performance in terms of energy consumption; network capacity, and data delivery delay. Analytical results present a very good matching with simulation results for a large variety of system scenarios, showing the accuracy of our approach
Phase relations between palladium oxide and the rare earth sesquioxides in air (1968)

The equilibrium phase relations were determined in an air environment between PdO and each of the following: La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, NH<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Sm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Eu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Dy<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Ho<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Er<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Tm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Yb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and Lu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. In air PdO dissociates to Pd metal at 800 °C. The dissociation of PdO is apparently a reversible process. The Nd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-PdO and Sm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-PdO systems were studied in detail inasmuch as they typified several of the Ln<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-PdO systems. Three compounds, 2Nd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> · PdO, metastable Nd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> · PdO, Nd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> 2PdO occur in the Nd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-PdO system. The 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2 compounds, of unknown symmetry, dissociate or decompose at 1135, 860, and 1085 °C, respectively. The 2:1 compound dissociates to the solid phases, Nd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Pd. No further reactions occur between Nd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Pd up to 1300 °C Three compounds, 2:1, metastable 1:1, and 1:2 occur in the Sm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-PdO and Eu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-PdO systems. Two compounds, 2:1 and 1:2 occur in the La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-PdO system. Other compounds detected were the 1:1 and 1:2 in the Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-PdO system and the metastable 1:1 in the Dy<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-PdO system. Each of these compounds subsequently dissociated upon heating. No apparent reaction occurred between PdO and either Ho<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Er<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Tm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Yb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, or Lu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL IMPACTS OF TOURISM IN BANGLADESH (2014)

The current research article analyzed socio-economic and cultural impact of tourism in Bangladesh. It has discussed in-bound tourists; their purpose of visit; economic contribution; growth and contribution to employment. The study ended with a discussion on negative affects of tourism on society and culture in Bangladesh.
Radio frequency identification (2010)

The use of RFID tags in healthcare applications has been gaining momentum over the past decade. This is partly due to recent advances in information technology and the need to reduce errors while simultaneously improving the efficiency of the system. We, at the RFID European Lab, have been studying various aspects of RFID implementations in healthcare environment over the past several years. The potential for RFID implementations in healthcare environment is enormous. We consider several such opportunities and identify possible extensions.
Cytotoxic Prenylated Xanthones from the Young Fruit of Garcinia mangostana (2006)

Three new prenylated xanthones, mangostenones C (1), D (2), and E (3), together with 16 known xanthones 4—19, were isolated from the young fruit (7-week maturity stage) of Garcinia mangostana. The structural elucidation of the new compounds was mainly established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR and HR-MS spectroscopic analysis. Compound 1 showed cytotoxic properties against three human cancer cell lines, epidermoid carcinoma of the mouth (KB), breast cancer (BC-1), and small cell lung cancer (NCI-H187), with IC50 values of 2.8, 3.53, and 3.72 μg/ml, respectively. Among the isolates, α-mangostin (12), the major metabolite, exhibited the most potent effects against the BC-1 cells with an IC50 value of 0.92 μg/ml, an activity greater than that of the standard drug ellipticine (IC50=1.46 μg/ml). Compound 12 also showed the highest activity against KB cells, while gartanin (10) displayed the strongest activity against the NCI-H187 cells at the respective IC50 values of 2.08 μg/ml and 1.08 μg/ml.
Identification of the Peptides That Inhibit the Stimulation of Thyrotropin Receptor by Graves' Immunoglobulin G from Peptide Libraries (1997)

Graves’ disease is characterized by the overproduction of thyroid hormones due to the persistent stimulation of TSH receptor by autoantibodies. To determine the epitopes recognized by the autoantibodies, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed that uses the human TSH receptor extracellular domain attached to plastic wells. The total IgG from some of the Graves’ patients interacted with the bound TSH receptor (TSHR) at a significantly higher level than that in normal individuals. The IgG preparation that showed the highest binding activity was used for the identification of peptide sequences that prevent binding of Graves’ IgG to TSHR from positional scanning synthetic peptide combinatorial libraries. A hexapeptide mixture, X1X2FDDA (X1 is a mixture of E, M, and Y; X2 is a mixture of E, H, and T), was found to be effective for inhibiting the binding of Graves’ IgG to the TSHR. Further fractionation of X1X2FDDA showed that the following three sequences were highly effective: EEFDDA, ETFDDA, and EHFDDA. The second position of the three peptides did not appear to be important. The peptides also inhibited the cAMP synthesis induced by IgG of four of eight patients with Graves’ disease tested. The synthesis of cAMP by TSH was also inhibited by the peptides to some extent. The peptide sequences most likely mimic a part of the conformational epitopes recognized by at least one class of Graves’ IgG.
Cell-mediated immunity in American visceral leishmaniasis: reversible immunosuppression during acute infection (1981)

Cell-mediated immunity was assessed in 14 Brazilian patients with acute untreated American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) and in 11 healthy patients successfully treated 1 to 14 years previously. The diagnosis of AVL was established by demonstration of leishmania in bone marrow aspirates. The responsiveness of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to Leishmania chagasi antigens and phytohemagglutinin was studied in vitro. Soluble preparations of L. chagasi antigens were obtained from frozen-thawed promastigote cultures. L. chagasi antigen-stimulated lymphocytes from untreated AVL patients were unresponsiveness and incorporated a mean of 1.2 +/- 0.5 X 10(-3) cpm after a [3H]thymidine pulse. The cured AVL patients had 19.1 +/- 7.2 cpm, and 15 normal control subjects had 0.8 +/- 0.1 cpm. There were no differences in the response of controls and either untreated or cured AVL patients to phytohemagglutinin stimulation. Three of four untreated AVL patients responded to L. chagasi antigens when studied 2 to 4 weeks after therapy. The impaired response of lymphocytes from untreated AVL patients could not be attributed to either reduced numbers of circulating T cells or the inhibitory effect of monocytes or serum factors.
French Heritage Language Learning: A Site of Multilingual Identity Formation, Cultural Exploration, and Creative Expression in New York City (2017)

Since 2005, the French Heritage Language Program has sought to address the needs of underserved French-speaking communities throughout the United States. With the goal of “making French an asset for new Americans,” the majority of whom come from West Africa and Haiti, the FHLP not only provides free French language training, it also creates a space where these students can construct their identities as multilingual speakers and learn the value of their various cultural backgrounds. By analyzing data gathered from students, teachers, and staff in the New York City branch of the FHLP program, including sociolinguistic interviews, classroom observations, and surveys, this article explores identity formation with regard to not only French but to all languages in a person’s linguistic repertoire. To contextualize the participants’ experiences, a first line of inquiry examines the FHLP in relation to monolingual ideologies and policies often inherent in French language education. How does the program address French as a heritage language that may be only one of many heritage languages a student possesses and that may only have a minimal presence as a home language? A second line of inquiry then focuses on individual participants’ language ideologies. Given that many students come from former French colonies, what are their reasons for learning French? What are their attitudes toward French and other languages? What is their relationship with their countries of origin, with France, or with the greater Francophone world? Through these questions, this article charts multilingual identity formation, cultural exploration, and creative expression.
O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) in Primary and Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Clones and Effect of N-Acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase Silencing on Cell Phenotype and Transcriptome (2012)

O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation is a regulatory post-translational modification occurring on the serine or threonine residues of nucleocytoplasmic proteins. O-GlcNAcylation is dynamically regulated by O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which are responsible for O-GlcNAc addition and removal, respectively. Although O-GlcNAcylation was found to play a significant role in several pathologies such as type II diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases, the role of O-GlcNAcylation in the etiology and progression of cancer remains vague. Here, we followed O-GlcNAcylation and its catalytic machinery in metastatic clones of human colorectal cancer and the effect of OGA knockdown on cellular phenotype and on the transcriptome. The colorectal cancer SW620 metastatic clone exhibited increased O-GlcNAcylation and decreased OGA expression compared with its primary clone, SW480. O-GlcNAcylation elevation in SW620 cells, through RNA interference of OGA, resulted in phenotypic alterations that included acquisition of a fibroblast-like morphology, which coincides with epithelial metastatic progression and growth retardation. Microarray analysis revealed that OGA silencing altered the expression of about 1300 genes, mostly involved in cell movement and growth, and specifically affected metabolic pathways of lipids and carbohydrates. These findings support the involvement of O-GlcNAcylation in various aspects of tumor cell physiology and suggest that this modification may serve as a link between metabolic changes and cancer.
A segment-based speech recognition system for isolated Mandarin syllables (2002)

A segment-based speech recognition scheme is proposed. The basic idea is to explicitly model the correlations between successive frames of an acoustic segment by using features representing the contours of spectral parameters. These segmental features are several lower-order coefficients of discrete orthonormal polynomial expansions. The performance of the proposed scheme was examined by simulations on multi-speaker speech recognition for all 408 highly confusing first-tone Mandarin syllables. A recognition rate of 77.4% was achieved for the case, using five 6-segment reference templates per syllable. This is 13.0% and 6.6% higher than those obtained by a conventional dynamic time warping (DTW) method and a conventional hidden Markov model (CHMM) method, respectively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Suade: Topology-Based Searches for Software Investigation (2007)

The investigation of a software system prior to a modification task often constitutes an important fraction of the overall effort associated with the task. We present Suade, an Eclipse plug-in to automatically generate suggestions for software investigation. The goal of Suade is to increase the efficiency with which developers explore the source code by recommending locations that are likely to be relevant to the task. Based on a context of software elements (fields and methods) explicitly specified by a developer, Suade automatically generates other elements that are likely to be relevant given the context, by analyzing the topology of structural dependencies in a software system.
Analysis on the limitation of PMD compensator in the 10 Gbps transmission system with polarization dependent loss (2002)

We analyze the effects of polarisation dependent loss (PDL) in the highspeed transmission system, under the polarisation mode dispersion (PMD) compensation environment. As the link PDL increases, the BER enhancement from the PMD compensator decreases sharply, making the PMD compensation technique much ineffective. Analysis with an 80 km, 10 Gbps system shows that even a minute link PDL of 0.5 dB could seriously limit the system performance.
Gauntlet: Travel technique for immersive environments using non-dominant hand (2017)

We present Gauntlet, a travel technique for immersive environments that uses non-dominant hand tracking and a fist gesture to translate and rotate the viewport. The technique allows for simultaneous use of the dominant hand for other spatial input tasks. Applications of Gauntlet include FPS games, and other application domains where navigation should be performed together with other tasks. We release the technique along with an example application, a VR horror game, as an open source project.
In Vitro Studies of Calcitonin Release in Man (1975)

The influence of various agents on calcitonin release from human thyroid was studied in vitro. Under the condition of this investigation, calcium, magnesium and phosphate did not stimulate calcitonin release from short-term incubated slices of human thyroid. However, pentagastrin and USP glucagon were potent stimulators of calcitonin release. Theophylline and dibutyryl cyclic AMP were also potent stimuli. A highly purified preparation of pancreatic glucagon was without an effect. Those agents which stimulated calcitonin release were associated with augmented cyclic AMP accumulation. Although maximal discharge of calcitonin required the presence of calcium, out in vitro experiments raise the question as to whether a gastrointestinal hormone, rather than calcium, might not be the principal agent affecting calcitonin release.
FAMILY HISTORY OF BREAST CANCER, MAMMOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF BREAST TISSUE, AND BREAST CANCER RISK (1991)

I reexamined the relations of family history of breast cancer in first-degree relatives, mammographic features of breast tissue, and breast cancer risk, using data from three case-control studies. Subjects included 1,047 cases with newly diagnosed breast cancer and 2,329 controls. Family history of breast cancer showed only a weak relation to mammographic features. In addition, while family history and mammographic features were each related to breast cancer risk, associations of these two factors with risk appeared additive. In contrast to previous reports, these data suggest that, to a large extent, family history and mammographic features have independent effects on breast cancer development.
Hyperspectral Image Compression with Optimization for Spectral Analysis (2007)

Hyperspectral imaging is of interest in a large number of remote sensing applications, such as geology and pollution monitoring, in order to detect and analyze surface and atmospheric composition. The processing of these images, called spectral analysis, allows for the identification of the specific mineralogical and agricultural elements which compose an image. We seek to understand how loss due to compression can affect the spectral analysis results, and then modify the compression algorithms to improve spectral analysis performance. More specifically, we suggest modifications to the 3D-SPIHT algorithm for improving the classification accuracy of hyperspectral images for two classification techniques: spectral angle mapper (SAM) and matched filtering (MF). Results of our modification show an improvement in the error rate as reported by the classification techniques, indicating an increase in the ability to analyze hyperspectral images which have been compressed.