gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
End-point determination on-line and reaction co-ordinate modelling of homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions in principal component space using periodic near-infrared monitoring (1996)

Advancement of organic homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions to their steady state end-points has been determined directly using near-infrared spectroscopy and fibre optic probes. The reaction times can be obtained without specifically measuring decay of individual starting materials or formation of products. The technique is passive and can be generally applied to most organic reactions in the laboratory or chemical plant. This report uses the formation of zopolrestat ethyl ester and its saponification to zopolrestat sodium salt, as typical examples of a heterogeneous and a homogeneous reaction matrix, respectively. Data has been collected directly from full size chemical reactors. The steady state is detected when the change in the spectra does not change significantly with time. The end-point can be confirmed computationally shortly after the data has been collected using open ended models. These can be constructed directly from the spectral data using commercially available software. The end-point can be confirmed with multivariate calibration methods using dendrograms derived from hierarchical cluster analysis or scores plots obtained from principal component analysis. The reaction co-ordinate can be modelled in principal component space using the locus of the spectral scores plot.
Real-time volume measurements in the isolated beating rat heart (1994)

A new technique, utilizing scattered X-rays, has been developed that is capable of measuring isolated working rat heart left ventricular (LV) volumes continuously throughout the cardiac cycle. The technique was validated by comparing cardiac outputs measured via fluid collections (r = 0.959, n = 10). The new methodology will permit real-time measurements of pressure-volume relationships, stroke work, and indexes of diastolic function in the isolated working rat heart.
Novel Synthesis of 1‐Thioglycopyranoses via Thioiminium Salts. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Investigating the Feasibility of Rapid MRI for Image-Guided Motion Management in Lung Cancer Radiotherapy (2014)

Cycle-to-cycle variations in respiratory motion can cause significant geometric and dosimetric errors in the administration of lung cancer radiation therapy. A common limitation of the current strategies for motion management is that they assume a constant, reproducible respiratory cycle. In this work, we investigate the feasibility of using rapid MRI for providing long-term imaging of the thorax in order to better capture cycle-to-cycle variations. Two nonsmall-cell lung cancer patients were imaged (free-breathing, no extrinsic contrast, and 1.5 T scanner). A balanced steady-state-free-precession (b-SSFP) sequence was used to acquire cine-2D and cine-3D (4D) images. In the case of Patient 1 (right midlobe lesion, ~40 mm diameter), tumor motion was well correlated with diaphragmatic motion. In the case of Patient 2, (left upper-lobe lesion, ~60 mm diameter), tumor motion was poorly correlated with diaphragmatic motion. Furthermore, the motion of the tumor centroid was poorly correlated with the motion of individual points on the tumor boundary, indicating significant rotation and/or deformation. These studies indicate that image quality and acquisition speed of cine-2D MRI were adequate for motion monitoring. However, significant improvements are required to achieve comparable speeds for truly 4D MRI. Despite several challenges, rapid MRI offers a feasible and attractive tool for noninvasive, long-term motion monitoring.
The Hill Determinant: An Application to the Anharmonic Oscillator (1971)

We have calculated the ground-state eigenvalues of the $\ensuremath{\lambda}{x}^{4}$ anharmonic oscillator nonperturbatively, using the Hill determinant. Our results are in remarkable agreement with those obtained from the Borel-Pad\'e approximants of the perturbation series.
Varying Regional Topology Within Knee Articular Chondrocytes Under Simulated <i>In Vivo</i> Conditions (2010)

Topographical cartilage variation across the knee joint has been previously reported, but there is only limited information on such gene expression profiles. Articular chondrocytes from eight different topographical regions of bovine knee joints were seeded within three-dimensional scaffolds and further cultured under static conditions (unloaded control group) or subjected to an artificial joint environment within a bioreactor (loaded group). Constructs were analyzed for glycosaminoglycan (GAG), DNA, and expression of Collagen-1,-2,-10, Aggrecan, COMP, Sox9, PRG-4, PTHrp, and MMP-1,-3,-13 mRNA after 2 weeks of in vitro culture. Exclusively among loaded constructs the overall GAG production was significantly different between regions. Patella chondrocytes had overall highest, and cells from the femoral notch had overall lowest GAG/DNA under loaded conditions. Gene expression was significantly different between regions for all targets except for Sox9, PRG-4, and PTHrp among controls and with the exception of Aggrecan, Sox9, and PTHrp among loaded samples. Under mechanical stimulation Collagen-1,-2 and Aggrecan was highest at the patello-femoral joint, whereas it was lowest at typical cartilage biopsy regions. There is a clear topographical variation among distinct regions across the knee joint for gene and matrix expression profiles under static and foremost under dynamic conditions.
Observation of Suppressed Interdiffusion in FeRh/FePt-Ta Bilayer Thin Films (2010)

FeRh/FePt bilayers on MgO (100) substrates were fabricated by rf-magnetron sputtering, and the magnetic properties and microstructures of the bilayers were studied in terms of Ta addition to the storage layer. Compared to undoped FeRh/FePt bilayers, FeRh/FePt-Ta bilayer films showed improved magnetic properties and lower degree of interdiffusion. The FeRh/FePt-Ta bilayers clearly demonstrated the AFM-FM transition. Reduced interdiffusion by Ta segregation along grain boundaries was speculated to be a possible cause for the observed improvement in magnetic properties when fabricated at high temperature.
Computer-controlled four-gun multisubstrate sputtering system for the preparation of composition-modulated structures (1985)

We describe a four-gun sputtering system which has been used successfully to prepare composition-modulated structures consisting of amorphous semiconductors and superconducting alloys or binary compounds. The substrates are mounted in ovens which can be individually heated to over 1000 °C. The ovens are mounted on a wheel which is driven by a computer-controlled stepping motor. With appropriate programming of the movement of the stepping motor, the deposition sequence is determined.
Correlation between Ground State Conformation and Excited State Dynamics in a Multichromophoric Dendrimer Studied by Excitation Wavelength Dependent Fluorescence Upconversion (1999)

A time-resolved fluorescence upconversion study on a polyphenylene dendrimer with 16 peryleneimide chromophores at the rim, in which the excitation wavelength is systematically varied while the detection wavelength is kept constant, is reported. A new setup is described which allows excitation at wavelengths as short as 320 nm and throughout the visible range up to 900 nm with a system prompt response on the order of 300 fs. In addition to results reported previously13 which were obtained at shorter wavelengths indicating the initial formation of a locally excited state which then evolves further into a locally excited state on a 5 ps time scale, the newly obtained data at longer wavelength excitation show the existence of a ground state interaction leading under these conditions of excitation predominantly to a directly formed complex.
Urological Oncology: Prostate Cancer (2010)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult Urology1 Sep 2010Urological Oncology: Prostate Cancer Patrick C. WalshM.D. Patrick C. WalshPatrick C. Walsh More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2010.05.078AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 2010 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 184Issue 3September 2010Page: 954-956 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2010 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Patrick C. Walsh More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Atherosclerosis (2002)

Atherosclerosis continues to be a leading cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. It has until recently been thought of as a degenerative disease, affecting predominantly older people, with progression over several decades, and eventually leading to symptoms through its mechanical effects on blood flow, particularly in the small-calibre arteries supplying the myocardium and brain. Because of the perceived insidious and relentless nature of its development, there has been a somewhat pessimistic view of the potential to modify its progression by medical therapy, and treatment has instead been dominated by interventional revascularization approaches, targeting the largest and most visible or symptomatic lesions with angioplasty or bypass surgery. There has been little emphasis on the diagnosis and quantification of subclinical disease, or the treatment of high-risk, asymptomatic patients. Recently, this defeatist view of the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerosis has begun to change, firstly, because careful descriptive studies of the underlying pathology of atherosclerosis have revealed that atherosclerotic plaques differ in their cellular composition, and that the cell types predominating in the plaque can determine the risk of a fatal clinical event such as myocardial infarction or stroke. Secondly, cellular and molecular biological studies, particularly involving transgenic mice, have emphasized the importance of inflammatory cells and inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Experimental visualization of covalent bonds and structural disorder in a gallium zinc oxynitride photocatalyst (Ga1−xZnx)(N1−xOx): origin of visible light absorption (2010)

We present the experimental visualization of covalent bonding, positional disorders and split anion sites in visible-light responsive photocatalyst (Ga(0.885)Zn(0.115))(N(0.885)O(0.115)). ZnO alloying into GaN reduces the band gap, leading to the visible-light response. DFT calculations indicated no significant difference in band gap between structural models with and without split sites.
Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy for the Treatment of Fixed Sagittal Imbalance (2004)

Background: Fixed sagittal imbalance (a syndrome in which the patient is only able to stand with the weight-bearing line in front of the sacrum) has many etiologies.The most commonly reported technique for correction is the Smith-Petersen osteotomy.Few reports on pedicle subtraction procedures (resection of the posterior elements, pedicles, and vertebral body through a posterior approach) are available in the peer-reviewed literature.We are aware of no report involving a substantial number of patients with coexistent scoliosis who underwent pedicle/vertebral body subtraction for the treatment of fixed sagittal imbalance.Methods: Twenty-seven consecutive patients in whom sagittal imbalance was treated with lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomy at one institution were analyzed.Radiographic analysis included assessment of thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, lordosis through the pedicle subtraction osteotomy site, and the C7 sagittal plumb line.Outcomes analysis was performed with use of a before-and-after pain scale, items from the Oswestry questionnaire, and the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) questionnaire after a minimum duration of follow-up of two years.Complications and radiographic findings were also analyzed for the entire group.Results: Overall, the average increase in lordosis was 34.1° and the average improvement in the sagittal plumb line was 13.5 cm.One patient had development of a lumbar pseudarthrosis through the area of pedicle subtraction osteotomy, and six patients had development of a thoracic pseudarthrosis.Two patients had development of increased kyphosis at L5/S1, caudad to the fusion, resulting in some loss of sagittal correction.There were significant improvements in the overall Oswestry score (p < 0.0001) and the pain-scale score (p = 0.0002).Most patients reported improvement in terms of pain and self-image as well as overall satisfaction with the procedure.Conclusions: Pedicle subtraction osteotomy is a useful procedure for patients with fixed sagittal imbalance.A worse clinical result is associated with increasing patient comorbidities, pseudarthrosis in the thoracic spine, and subsequent breakdown caudad to the fusion.
Developing an eLearning Tool Formalizing in YAWL the Guidelines Used in a Transfusion Medicine Service (2012)

The blood transfusion is a complex activity subject to a high risk of eventually fatal errors. The development and application of computer-based systems could help reducing the error rate, playing a fundamental role in the improvement of the quality of care. This poster presents an under development eLearning tool formalizing the guidelines of the transfusion process. This system, implemented in YAWL (Yet Another Workflow Language), will be used to train the personnel in order to improve the efficiency of care and to reduce errors.
Holographic fabrication of photonic crystals (2005)

Holographic lithography is well-adapted to the production of three-dimensional photonic crystals for applications in the technologically important optical regime. We illustrate the flexibility of this approach by considering the design and fabrication of photonic crystals with symmetries that favour the formation of a complete photonic band gap. One of them, a structure with diamond symmetry, is calculated to have a complete gap at a refractive index contrast equal to the lowest yet reported.
Synthesis and characterization of a novel difluoromethylene phosphonic acid functionalized polymer (2018)

ABSTRACT A novel polymer featuring difluoromethylene phosphonic acid functions was prepared by free radical polymerization of a styrene monomer that is decorated by phosphonic ester groups. The obtained polymer was analyzed by gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and spectroscopy (NMR, infrared). Treatment of the polymeric phosphonic ester with Me 3 SiBr led to an exchange of the ethyl groups by trimethylsilyl units in the P‐containing part of the material. Desilylation to the free phosphonic acid functions was effected by water. The ion exchange capacity was determined to be 7.3 mmol/g by titration with 0.1 M NaOH. The proton conductivity in the anhydrous state was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The conductivity of 1.76 × 10 −5 S cm −1 at 120 °C is well comparable with that of Nafion (7.66 × 10 −5 S cm −1 at 120 °C), and renders this polymeric phosphonic acid as a promising candidate for proton conduction applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135 , 46765.
Integration of a filtering function in an electromagnetic horn (2003)

This paper deals with a new concept of filtering antenna. We set up a methodology for designing a filtering antenna based on electromagnetism - circuit joint simulation. We start from a E plane filter which we set up in a electromagnetic horn. We show that is still possible to keep control of both the filtering pattern and the radiating pattern.
An Application of Direct-Positive Sound Track in 16-MM Release Processing by Duplication Method<!--<xref ref-type="other" rid="fn1-10.5594_J11841">*</xref>--> (1946)

When dupe negatives are employed to make large releases on 16-mm positive, 3 successive printing operations are normally involved in arriving at the release print. That is, the master positive, dupe negative, and release print are made in order. Since each printing operation is attended by some degree of quality degeneration, it is desirable to reduce the operations to a minimum. — In the application described, the first printing is eliminated by rerecording to direct positive on 16-mm film. The amplifier channel feeding the direct-positive recorder is suitably equalized and compressed for 16-mm projection conditions, and bridges the channel used to make the normal rerecorded negative for 35-mm release. A 32-mm release negative is then made on a nonslip printer from the 16-mm direct positive.
Design Optimization of 1,3-Diphospha-2,4-diboretane Diradicals (2002)

Die Aufspaltung der Grenzorbitale und damit der Diradikalcharakter von 1,3-Diphospha-2,4-diboretanen lassen sich durch Variieren der Phosphor-Substituenten R weitestgehend kontrollieren (siehe Schema; z. B. R=SiMe3, R′=tBu). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2002/z19550_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Degradation of Nucleic Acids and Related Compounds by Microbial Enzymes (1962)

The culture filtrate of a strain of Bacillus subtilis decomposed ribonucleic acid into 5′-nucleotides and into other intermediates which released orthophosphate by an arsenate-resistant phosphatase. Under the best conditions examined in these experiments, about 50 per cent of ribonucleic acid was converted into 5′-nucleotides. The culture filtrate of a strain of Bacillus brevis showed slight activities of ribonuclease and/or phosphodiesterase which produced 5′-nucleotides from ribonucleic acid, but showed predominant activity of 5′-adenylic acid degrading phosphatase. The culture filtrate of Bacillus subtilis decomposed ribonucleic acid into adenosine and orthophosphate without passing through 5′-adenylic acid. It hydrolyzed neither 2′- nor 5′-nucleotides but only 3′-nucleotides into nucleoside and orthophosphate, while the cell suspension hydrolyzed 2′-, 3′- and 5′-nucleotides non-specifically. Thus 3′-nucleotidase was proved to exist in the culture filtrate of Bacillus subtilis. All the tested strains of Bacillus subtilis produced 3′-nucleotidase in their culture filtrates, but other strains that belong to genus Bacillus produced very little amount ofextracellular nucleotidase.
Improvements of biomass deconstruction enzymes (2012)

Sandia National Laboratories and DSM Innovation, Inc. collaborated on the investigation of the structure and function of cellulases from thermophilic fungi. Sandia's role was to use its expertise in protein structure determination and X-ray crystallography to solve the structure of these enzymes in their native state and in their substrate and product bound states. Sandia was also tasked to work with DSM to use the newly solved structure to, using computational approaches, analyze enzyme interactions with both bound substrate and bound product; the goal being to develop approaches for rationally designing improved cellulases for biomass deconstruction. We solved the structures of five cellulases from thermophilic fungi. Several of these were also solved with bound substrate/product, which allowed us to predict mutations that might enhance activity and stability.
Plasma Process. Polym. 9/2008 (2008)

Cover: The cover presents a pseudo‐color plot of the calculated density distributions of molecules in the NO(A) state (left), and of O( 3 P) (middle) and N( 4 S) (right) atoms in an N 2 ‐O 2 discharge‐afterglow. The flow of plasma enters from the left, along the chamber axis (z=140 mm) and the graphs represent the x‐z plane at fixed y . The concentration of NO(A) species, the ones that emit biocidal UV photons from the NO γ molecular system, is nearly uniform at p=2 Torr, our standard pressure for sterilization, but calculations predict a strong non‐uniformity at 10 Torr. Further details can be found in the article by K. Kutasi, * B. Saoudi, C. D. Pintassilgo, J. Loureiro, and M. Moisan on page 840.
A single snapshot optimal filtering method for fundamental frequency estimation (2011)

Recently, optimal linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) filtering methods have been applied for fundamental frequency estimation. Like many other fundamental frequency estimators, these methods utilize the inverse covariance matrix. Therefore, the covariance matrix needs to be invertible which is typically ensured by using the sample covariance matrix involving data partitioning. The partitioning adversely affects the spectral resolution. We propose a novel optimal filtering method which utilizes the LCMV principle in conjunction with the iterative adaptive approach (IAA). The IAA enables us to estimate the covariance matrix from a single snapshot, i.e., without data partitioning. The experimental results show, that the performance of the proposed method is comparable or better than that of other competing methods in terms of spectral resolution.
Heat Input Control in 3D Laser Cladding Based on Infrared Sensing (2001)

Abstract Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) methods for building metallic part, such as 3D laser cladding, are generally less stable and less repeatable than other rapid prototyping methods. The infrared image of the molten pool is a promising sensing technique for the closed-loop control of the cladding process. In this paper, the closed-loop control of heat input based on infrared image sensing in 3D laser cladding is introduced. A high frame-rate (up to 800frame/s) camera is installed coaxially at the top of the laser-nozzle setup. A full view of the infrared images of the molten pool can be acquired with a short nozzle-substrate distance in different scanning directions, eliminating the noise from the metal powder. The features of the images show a clear relationship with the variation of the cladding process parameters. The closed-loop control results show a great improvement in the geometrical accuracy and microstructure of the built part.
Preconcentration and Spectrographic Determination of Ultra-trace Metallic Impurities in Potassium Chloride. (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreconcentration and Spectrographic Determination of Ultra-trace Metallic Impurities in Potassium Chloride.M. C. Farquhar, J. A. Hill, and M. M. EnglishCite this: Anal. Chem. 1966, 38, 2, 208–211Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60234a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60234a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views28Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts