gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Problems of Technology (2017)

In the Discourse on Inequality, Jean-Jacques Rousseau contrasts natural and civilized man. The former has "all his forces constantly at [his] command, [is] always prepared for any eventuality, and [is] always, so to speak, altogether complete in [himself]". Rousseau does not claim that a "natural man" or "savage" ever existed. Nevertheless, the notion of a pre-technological stage of human development is important as a limit concept in the Discourse, as a foil for the always overly civilized condition of the modern. It is interesting to note, then, that while both communities are at root technical economies, the one is healthy because its technai stand in a natural relationship to human nature, both biological and spiritual. Technology is thus again a "problem" when its natural economy is disturbed by the devising of artificial ends, towards the achievement of which the economy is now steered.
Regulation of human adrenal carcinoma cell (NCI-H295) production of C19 steroids. (1993)

The regulation of biosynthesis of the adrenal C19 steroids (the so-called adrenal androgens) remains unclear. Understanding adrenal production of C19 steroids is important when the benefits of these steroids are considered on processes and diseases associated with aging. In vitro studies defining the mechanisms that regulate the production of human adrenal C19 steroids have been limited because of the difficulties in obtaining adrenal tissue. A cell line that retains differentiated adrenal functions would greatly facilitate research in this area. Herein, we describe the use of the human adrenocortical tumor H295 cell line as a model to evaluate mechanisms controlling C19 and C21 steroid production. The cells were characterized with regard to ACTH, forskolin, and dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP) responsiveness, as measured by increased cAMP production, synthesis of steroids, and induction of 17 alpha-hydroxylase cytochrome P450 (P450c17). Forskolin and dbcAMP, which were more effective than ACTH, enhanced the production of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulfate (DHEAS), and androstenedione over a 48-h treatment period. Comparison of the relative amounts of measured steroid secreted under forskolin treatment indicated that the primary product was cortisol (70%), followed by androstenedione (14%), DHEA (9%), and DHEAS (7%). Cortisol was also demonstrated to be the major steroid product by examination of UV-detectable steroids after high performance liquid chromatographic separation. The increases in steroid production caused by ACTH, forskolin, and dbcAMP occurred in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. A key enzyme in the production of C19 steroids is P450c17. ACTH, forskolin, and dbcAMP increased the activity of 17 alpha-hydroxylase by approximately 2.5-, 10-, and 10-fold, respectively. These effects on enzyme activity occurred in a concentration-dependent manner and coincided with increased levels of P450c17 mRNA. In summary, H295 cells should provide a much-needed model to study mechanisms controlling the secretion of glucocorticoids and C19 steroids, because steroid production in these cells is hormonally controlled and associated with the induction of P450c17.
Rapid decay of the neutron star transient XTE J1701-462 (2007)

Following our last report on the outburst of the transient neutron star low-mass X-ray binary XTE J1701-462 (ATel #1144), we have continued observing the source with RXTE on a daily basis. During the last week we found that the decay rate of the source increased significantly compared to before. While the light curve from the period between early May and July 21 could be fitted with an exponential decay time scale of ~90 days, in the period after July 21 the exponential decay time has shortened to ~4.5 days.
Temperature dependence of the collisional removal of O2(b 1Σg+, v=1 and 2) at 110–260 K, and atmospheric applications (1999)

The temperature dependence of the collisional removal of O2 in the v=1 and 2 vibrational levels of the b 1Σg+ state by O2, N2, and CO2 has been investigated over the 110–260 K temperature range. For the v=1 level, O2 removes energy more effectively than N2 or CO2 at all measured temperatures. For v=2, the difference in effectiveness between colliders is not as great, and the removal by O2 exhibits a substantial positive activation energy; at 125 K O2 in the v=2 level is removed about 40 times more slowly than v=1. Even with this large difference, in the terrestrial atmosphere removal via collisions with O2 controls the lifetime of the vibrationally excited species. Recent atmospheric nightglow measurements performed at the W. M. Keck telescope on Mauna Kea, Hawaii, confirm the presence of O2 in these and higher levels through observation of the naturally occurring b 1Σg+–X 3Σg− emission.
Ideal torsional strengths and stiffnesses of carbon nanotubes (2005)

The ideal torsional strengths of a class of carbon nanotubes, and the torsional stiffnesses of all carbon nanotubes are computed using a novel combination of an ab initio electronic structure total energy technique and a physically motivated scaling form. The specific torsional strengths of multi-walled tubes are predicted to exceed those of steel by approximately a factor of 20. Closed-form expressions that bound the torsional stiffnesses are also presented. The predictions of the theory give excellent agreement with available experimental data.
Les différents aspects de la scénographie (1992)

The effective time of S. tenuifalia pieces was about 2 years carried out by essential oil and 190 days carried out by pulegone by the way of classical constant temperature experiment.
Statistical behavior of turbulent kinetic energy transport in boundary layer flashback of hydrogen-rich premixed combustion (2019)

Statistical behavior of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) transport in boundary layer flashback of hydrogen-rich premixed combustion is analyzed for the first time. Flame alters the structure of the turbulent boundary layer, which is evident from the changes in the budget of the TKE transport equation.
An artificial neural network accelerator using general purpose 24 bit floating point digital signal processors (1989)

An artificial neural network (ANN) accelerator named Neuro Turbo was implemented using four recently developed general-purpose 24-b floating-point digital signal processors (DSP) MB86220. The Neuro Turbo is a MIMD (multiple-instruction, multiple-data) parallel processor having four ring-coupled DSPs and four dual-port memories (DPM). It is designed compactly to plug into the extender slots of the NEC personal computer PC98 series. The performance was evaluated by constructing a neural network to recognize the 26 type fonts of the alphabet set. Processing speeds of 2 MCPS (million connections per second) for the learning procedure and 11 MCPS for the forward pass were achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stable Translocation Intermediates Jam Global Protein Export in Plasmodium falciparum Parasites and Link the PTEX Component EXP2 with Translocation Activity (2016)

Protein export is central for the survival and virulence of intracellular P. falciparum blood stage parasites. To reach the host cell, exported proteins cross the parasite plasma membrane (PPM) and the parasite-enclosing parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM), a process that requires unfolding, suggestive of protein translocation. Components of a proposed translocon at the PVM termed PTEX are essential in this phase of export but translocation activity has not been shown for the complex and questions have been raised about its proposed membrane pore component EXP2 for which no functional data is available in P. falciparum. It is also unclear how PTEX mediates trafficking of both, soluble as well as transmembrane proteins. Taking advantage of conditionally foldable domains, we here dissected the translocation events in the parasite periphery, showing that two successive translocation steps are needed for the export of transmembrane proteins, one at the PPM and one at the PVM. Our data provide evidence that, depending on the length of the C-terminus of the exported substrate, these steps occur by transient interaction of the PPM and PVM translocon, similar to the situation for protein transport across the mitochondrial membranes. Remarkably, we obtained constructs of exported proteins that remained arrested in the process of being translocated across the PVM. This clogged the translocation pore, prevented the export of all types of exported proteins and, as a result, inhibited parasite growth. The substrates stuck in translocation were found in a complex with the proposed PTEX membrane pore component EXP2, suggesting a role of this protein in translocation. These data for the first time provide evidence for EXP2 to be part of a translocating entity, suggesting that PTEX has translocation activity and provide a mechanistic framework for the transport of soluble as well as transmembrane proteins from the parasite boundary into the host cell.
Notes on the Florida Gallinule (Gallinula Galeata) in Philadelphia County, Pa. (1910)

^°^i9lO^^^] Miller, The Florida Gallinule in Philadelphia Co. 181 does swimming near the duck, often facing her in his eagerness, while she floats about indifferently, or at times shows her interest and appreciation by facing him and throwing up her head a little in a gentle imitation of his forcefulness.The courtship of the Eider, although less striking and elaborate, bears a strong family resemblance to that of the Golden-eye.
The Role of DNA Methylation in Aging, Rejuvenation, and Age-Related Disease (2012)

DNA methylation is a major control program that modulates gene expression in a plethora of organisms. Gene silencing through methylation occurs through the activity of DNA methyltransferases, enzymes that transfer a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the carbon 5 position of cytosine. DNA methylation patterns are established by the de novo DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) DNMT3A and DNMT3B and are subsequently maintained by DNMT1. Aging and age-related diseases include defined changes in 5-methylcytosine content and are generally characterized by genome-wide hypomethylation and promoter-specific hypermethylation. These changes in the epigenetic landscape represent potential disease biomarkers and are thought to contribute to age-related pathologies, such as cancer, osteoarthritis, and neurodegeneration. Some diseases, such as a hereditary form of sensory neuropathy accompanied by dementia, are directly caused by methylomic changes. Epigenetic modifications, however, are reversible and are therefore a prime target for therapeutic intervention. Numerous drugs that specifically target DNMTs are being tested in ongoing clinical trials for a variety of cancers, and data from finished trials demonstrate that some, such as 5-azacytidine, may even be superior to standard care. DNMTs, demethylases, and associated partners are dynamically shaping the methylome and demonstrate great promise with regard to rejuvenation.
Philosophy and Economics (2008)

The literature on philosophy and economics has traditionally been divided into two areas: economic methodology, which connects economics and epistemology/philosophy of science, and the literature on economics and moral philosophy/ethics. Recent developments in both of these areas are discussed in detail.
An experimental 512-bit nonvolatile memory with ferroelectric storage cell (1988)

An experimental 512-b random-access memory based on ferroelectric-capacitor storage cells has been successfully fabricated and tested. The device was designed solely for use in process development and electrical characterization and includes onboard test circuitry for that purpose. The internal timing of the memory is controlled externally to allow experimentation with timing algorithms, hence the name 512 externally controlled device, or 512 ECD. The authors discuss the properties of the ferroelectric ceramics used in integrated circuit memories, the operation of a destructively read ferroelectric memory cell, and the organization of the 512 ECD die, including its onboard test circuitry. Finally, retention and wear-out properties of ferroelectric capacitors are discussed as they relate to design requirements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Linkages between Primary Care Providers and Mental Health Specialists (1998)

No abstract available.
The Shape of Advertising Response Functions Revisited: A Model of Dynamic Probabilistic Thresholds (2004)

Prior work in marketing has suggested that advertising threshold effects—levels beneath which there is essentially no sales response—are rarely encountered in practice. Because advertising policies settle into effective ranges through early trial and error, thresholds cannot be observed directly, and arguments for their existence must be based primarily on a "statistical footprint," that is, on relative fits of a range of model types. To detect possible threshold effects, we formulate a switching regression model with two "regimes," in only one of which advertising is effective. Mediating the switch between the two regimes is a logistic function of category-specific dynamic variables (e.g., order of entry, time in market, number of competitors) and advertising levels, nesting a variety of alternative formulations, among them both standard concave and S-shaped responses. A sequence of comparisons among parametrically related models strongly suggests: that threshold effects exist; that market share response to advertising is not necessarily globally concave; that superior fit cannot be attributed to model flexibility alone; and that dynamic, environmental, competitive, and brand-specific factors can influence advertising effectiveness. These effects are evident in two evolving durables categories (SUVs and minivans), although not in the one mature, nondurable category (liquid detergent) studied.
Calcineurin inhibitors in the treatment of allergic dermatitis (2006)

Calcineurin inhibitors, which are a new drug class in the treatment of allergic dermatitis, are efficient, well tolerated and have few adverse effects. Calcineurin inhibitors should always be used according to recommended guidelines, and patients should always be followed by the physician during and after their administration.
Genetic Requirements for <i>RAD51</i>- and<i>RAD54</i>-Independent Break-Induced Replication Repair of a Chromosomal Double-Strand Break (2001)

Broken chromosomes can be repaired by several homologous recombination mechanisms, including gene conversion and break-induced replication (BIR). In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an HO endonuclease-induced double-strand break (DSB) is normally repaired by gene conversion. Previously, we have shown that in the absence of RAD52, repair is nearly absent and diploid cells lose the broken chromosome; however, in cells lacking RAD51, gene conversion is absent but cells can repair the DSB by BIR. We now report that gene conversion is also abolished when RAD54, RAD55, and RAD57 are deleted but BIR occurs, as with rad51Delta cells. DSB-induced gene conversion is not significantly affected when RAD50, RAD59, TID1 (RDH54), SRS2, or SGS1 is deleted. Various double mutations largely eliminate both gene conversion and BIR, including rad51Delta rad50Delta, rad51Delta rad59Delta, and rad54Delta tid1Delta. These results demonstrate that there is a RAD51- and RAD54-independent BIR pathway that requires RAD59, TID1, RAD50, and presumably MRE11 and XRS2. The similar genetic requirements for BIR and telomere maintenance in the absence of telomerase also suggest that these two processes proceed by similar mechanisms.
Biochemical and Immunological Characterization of Threonyl‐tRNA Synthetase of Two Borrelidin‐Resistant Mutants of <i>Escherichia coli</i> K12 (1973)

The threonyl‐tRNA synthetase of two wild‐type Escherichia coli K12 strains and of two borrelidin‐resistant mutants thereof has been purified about 100‐fold. A neutralizing antiserum has been prepared against one of the wild‐type threonyl‐tRNA synthetases. The comparative characterization of the threonyl‐tRNA synthetases of the two wild strains and the two borrelidin‐resistant mutants revealed that the threonyl‐tRNA synthetase of one borrelidin‐resistant mutant (K12B bor r 2) exhibits a lowered K m value for threonine and ATP and an increased K 1 value for borrelidin with respect to threonine. Furthermore the activity of the threonyl‐tRNA synthetase of this mutant k more sensitive to higher pH values, is more rapidly heat‐inactivated and shows a different shape of its antiserum‐neutralization curve than the threonyl‐tRNA synthetase of the parental strain (K12B). The threonyl‐tRNA synthetase of the other borrelidin‐resistant mutant (K12B bor r 3) was investigated in the same way and it did not show any difference to the threonyl‐tRNA synthetase of the parental strain, except that the specific activity of the enzyme in crude extracts of this mutant is 5 times as high as the corresponding value in crude extracts of K12B. From these data it is concluded that borrelidin resistance in K12B bor r ‐2 is due to a structurally altered threonyl‐tRNA synthetase (structural mutant) whereas in K12B bor r ‐3 it is due to the constitutive increase of the threonyl‐tRNA synthetase level by a factor of five (regulatory mutant). The inhibition of the threonyl‐tRNA synthetase by borrelidin with respect to threonine was noncompetitive in all four cases. In order to observe a considerable heat inactivation of the threonyl‐tRNA synthetase within 10 min a temperature of 60°C was necessary. The heat‐inactivation process was not affected by the presence of threonine, but it was hastened by the presence of ATP or tRNA.
[Prevention of brain infarction in patients with atrial fibrillation]. (2007)

The patients with cardioembolic stroke sometimes suffer from severe neurological deficit and from recurrent strokes. Since atrial fibrillation, especially non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is associated with over half of the cardioembolic strokes, the prevention of cardioembolic stroke in patients with NVAF is important. There have been some reports about how to prevent stroke. They have indicated that the best medication for preventing from stroke was anticoagulation by warfarin. Therefore, the guidelines recommended the patients with NVAF to take warfarin. In case with the older patients under 70 years, prothrombin international normalized ratio (PT-INR) should be kept from 2.0 to 3.0. On the other hand, if the patients with NVAF are over 70 years, PT-INR has to be controlled from 1.6 to 2.6. Before extraction of a tooth, anticoagulation should not be call off.
Security Analysis of Power System User Behavior in Big Data Based on Comparative of Neural Network Methods (2020)

In the context of exponential growth of data information, a large amount of data needs to be effectively processed in the power system intranet to analyze and obtain valuable information. Among them, user behavior is especially important for the security of the entire power system. With the development of large data technology and the wide application of machine learning technology, useful information can be extracted and processed from a large amount of unprocessed data. At the same time, in order to reasonably expand the data set of the relevant samples, traditional mathematical modeling can preprocess the data and integrate the classified output into the sample data set. Finally, this paper selects SSH data as the training set and Local data as the test set, and compares the accuracy of the four machine learning methods in predicting user behavior categories. The ultimate goal is to predict the level of risk of user behavior through the characteristics of user behavior.
Insulin-loaded alginic acid nanoparticles for sublingual delivery (2014)

Alginic acid nanoparticles (NPs) containing insulin, with nicotinamide as permeation enhancer were developed for sublingual delivery. The lower concentration of proteolytic enzymes, lower thickness and enhanced retention due to bioadhesive property, were relied on for enhanced insulin absorption. Insulin-loaded NPs were prepared by mild and aqueous based nanoprecipitation process. NPs were negatively charged and had a mean size of ∼200 nm with low dispersity index. Insulin loading capacities of >95% suggested a high association of insulin with alginic acid. Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra and DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) thermogram of insulin-loaded NPs revealed the association of insulin with alginic acid. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra confirmed conformational stability, while HPLC analysis confirmed chemical stability of insulin in the NPs. Sublingually delivered NPs with nicotinamide exhibited high pharmacological availability (>100%) and bioavailability (>80%) at a dose of 5 IU/kg. The high absolute pharmacological availability of 20.2% and bioavailability of 24.1% in comparison with subcutaneous injection at 1 IU/kg, in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model, suggest the insulin-loaded alginic acid NPs as a promising sublingual delivery system of insulin.
Infrared photoluminescence from holmium ions in single-crystal silicon and holmium oxide (2000)

Infrared photoluminescence (PL) has been studied in Ho-doped single-crystal silicon structures fabricated by solid-phase epitaxy and in crystalline holmium oxide in the temperature range from 4.2 to 300 K. PL arises from the internal 4f-shell transitions in Ho3+ ions. The maximum intensity of the PL associated with the transitions from the first excited state (5I7) to the ground state (5I8) in Ho-implanted silicon is observed at ~1.96 µm. Oxygen co-implantation enhances the intensity by an order of magnitude at 77 K. The luminescence intensity in Si:Ho:O structures increases by an order of magnitude upon 15 min annealing at 900 °C. The temperature quenching of the Ho-related PL is similar to that for Er-related PL in single-crystal Si: the intensity decreases by a factor of 25 on raising the temperature from 4.2 to 150 K, and above 130 K the activation energy is ~160 meV. Significant differences are observed between the PL spectra from Ho-doped silicon and holmium-oxide: (i) in addition to the PL lines related to the 5I7→5I8 transitions, there are lines due to transitions from the second excited state of Ho3+ ions (5I6) to the ground state (5I8) in Ho2O3; (ii) for the 5I7→5I8 transitions the positions of the PL lines with a maximum intensity differ for Ho2O3 and Ho-doped silicon; and (iii) the PL intensity in Si:Ho:O is lower only by a factor of ~3, as compared with that in Ho2O3, despite the Ho concentration being ~4 orders of magnitude lower in the former. The second distinction is due to the crystal field splitting of the Ho3+ 4f-states.