gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerous isoforms of Fgf8 reflect its multiple roles in the developing brain (2010)

Soluble growth factors play an important role in the coordination and integration of cell proliferation, differentiation, fate determination, and morphogenesis during development of multicellular organisms. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a large family of polypeptide growth factors that are present in organisms ranging from nematodes to humans. RNA alternative splicing of FGFs and their receptors further enhances the complexity of this ligand-receptor system. The mouse Fgf8 gene produces eight splice variants, which encode isoform proteins with different N-termini and distinct receptor-binding affinity and biological activity. In this article, we review the roles of Fgf8 in vertebrate development and summarize the recent findings on the in vivo function of different Fgf8 splice variants. We propose that multiple Fgf8 isoform proteins act in concert to regulate the overall function of Fgf8 and account for the diverse and essential role of Fgf8 during vertebrate development.
Optimization of Neural Network Model Structures for Valve Stiction Modeling (2009)

Stiction is the most commonly found valve problem in the process industry. Valve stiction may cause oscillations in control loops which increases variability in product quality, accelerates equipment wear and tear, or leads to system instability. To help understand and study the behavior of sticky valve, several valve stiction models have been proposed in the literature. In this paper, a black box neural network-based modeling approach is proposed to model valve stiction. It is shown that with optimum model structures, performance of the developed NN stiction model is comparable to other established method.
Tetracycline-Urea Compound (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTetracycline-Urea CompoundLELAND L. SMITH, SIEGFRIED A. MULLER, MICHAEL MARX, ROBERT WINTERBOTTOM, and ALBERT P. DOERSCHUKCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 5, 721–724Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01099a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01099a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views138Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Study on the Effect of Distillation Residue in Corn Polyols Industry on Thermoplastic Starch (2011)

This study used distillation residue obtained from bio-refinery process of corn starch and glycerol as a plasticizer to prepare thermoplastic starch (TPS). Various weight ratios of distillation residue and glycerol was investigated, HPLC method was used to analysis the components of the distillation residue. The composition and structure of TPS were evaluated by FTIR, XRD and TGA. The results indicated that with the addition of mixed plasticizers, the structure of TPS was changed obviously from a crystal state to an amorphous one with an increasing thermal stability of TPS. The better TPS structure can be obtained when the weight ratio of distillation and glycerol is 3:7.
[Post-nuptial coresidence of married women in Korea]. (1991)

In 1960, only 28% of the population of Korea was urban. This proportion rose to 74% by 1990. In 1960, primary industry engaged 66% of the labor force; however, this dropped to only 20% by 1989. In 1960, only 14% of women participated in the labor force; this rose to 46% by 1990. During 1956-60, senior high school or higher-level education was attained by 53% of Korean women; this increased to 86% by 1966-70. Before 1960, as many as 76% of the women lived with parental in-laws immediately after marriage; however, by 1980 or later, this proportion declined to 33%. Among rural residents, postnuptial correspondence reached 80% in 1960 and decreased to 58% in 1980. Among urban wives, the rate was 61% in 1960 and 26% in 1980. 78% of wives who were 20 years of age at marriage lived with in-laws in 1960; this dropped to 49% in 1989. AMong those marrying at age 20-24, the co-residence rate was 65% in 1960 and 34% in 1980; while among those marrying at 25 or over, coresidence was 30% in 1960 and 30% in 1980. When the wife's education was less than junior high school level; 77% lived with in-laws in 1960; this proportion declined to 41% in 1980. The respective figures for junior high school level education of the wife were 61% in 1960 and 37% in 1980; and for senior high school education, coresidence rates were 65% in 1960 and 31% in 1980. Among those whose husbands grew up in a rural area, 79% coresided in 1960 compared to 39% in 1980. Among those whose husbands grew up in an urban area, 64% lived with in-laws in 1960 compared to 29% in 1980. 77% of coresident wives in 1960 had husbands or parents who decided on coresidence as opposed to 442% in 1980. Among wives who made this decision themselves, 50% lived with in-laws in 1960 compared to 32% in 1980. If the husband was the first son, 92% of wives took up coresidence in 1960 compared to 47% in 1980. However, when the husband was not the first son, only 57% lived with parental in-laws in 1960, which proportion declined to 23% in 1980.
Language Ideology in the Malaysian Chinese Community as Reflected in the Teaching Mathematics and Science in English Policy 从数理英语化政策看马来西亚华人社会的语言观 (2014)

This article discusses the language ideology of the Malaysian Chinese community as reflected in the implementation of the Teaching Mathematics and Science in English Policy. This research collected newspaper reports on this policy in a Chinese newspaper Sin Chew Daily and an English newspaper The Star during the period of year 2002 to 2013. The views held by the stakeholders before, during and after the implementation of the policy are analysed. The stakeholders include the language policy makers-the Malaysian government and the Ministry of Education, political parties- the Malaysian Chinese Association, the education agency of the Chinese community- the United Chinese School Committee’s Association of Malaysia(Dong Zong) and the United Chinese School Teachers’ Association of Malaysia(UCSTAM), the Federation of Chinese Associations Malaysia, the geopolitics associations, students and parents. The initial findings of this research show that the eight Chinese associations led by Dong Zong oppose this policy but support the teaching in mother tongues. In contrast, both supportive and negative views are found among the students and parents. This research shows that the Malaysian Chinese community identify with Mandarin and insist on the teaching of these subjects in mother tongue. At the same time, the Chinese community values the English language and respects the status of Malay language in Malaysia
本文主要通过数理英语化政策讨论马来西亚华人社会的语言观。这项语言 政策从2003年开始实行至2013年终止，引起了社会各方面热烈的讨论。本研 究搜集了2002年至2013年期间马来西亚各大中文报——如《星洲日报》和英 文报章《星报》有关该政策的相关报道，分析其所涉及的各利益团体在政策执行 前、执行中和废除后等三个阶段所持的主要观点。这些利益团体包括语言政策的 决策者即马来西亚政府及教育部、政治团体——马来西亚华人公会、华人社会 “民间教育部”——马来西亚华校董事联合会总会（董总）和马来西亚华校教师 会总会（教总）、马来西亚中华大会堂总会（华总）、地缘乡团和学生家长。本 研究初步发现以董总为首的八大华团强烈支持母语教授数理科，反对将其英语 化；而学生家长则出现了两极化的观点。通过数理英语化政策的分析，本研究发 现马来西亚华人社会内部普遍认同华语并坚持母语教学，同时华社重视英语的价 值并尊重马来语的地位。
The effect of oleic acid on the stability of magnetite ferrofluid (1995)

We study the stability of diluted samples of Fe/sub 3/O/sub 4/ ferrofluid under the action of gravitational field, uniform magnetic field and gradient magnetic field. The dilution was carried out by adding carrier liquid to the ratio (40:1) to the undiluted sample which has a concentration (packing fraction) /spl epsi//sub 0/=0.154. The samples under study were prepared from the diluted sample and adding oleic acid by volume (0%, 4%, 14%, 20%, 30% and 40%). The results show that at 12% oleic acid ratio the samples have the better stability at all fields under study.
Modeling and simulation of the complete electric power train of a hybrid electric vehicle (2014)

Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) are in greater demand these days because of the increase in fuel price and environmental effects of burning fuel. Hence it is important to understand the behavior of the complete electric power train to meet the greater performance expectation from the HEV. In this paper the modeling of the entire electric power train of the HEV that includes an E-motor which is selected based on the characteristics best suited for HEV application is attempted. The E-motor in this case, Permanent Magnet Synchronous motor (PMSM) is controlled by a 3 phase 2 level voltage source inverter (VSI) whose switching is controlled by SVPWM technique. The speed and current feedbacks are taken to control the speed and torque by creating an error signal and passing it through the PI controller. The results of the PI controllers are the two voltage references from which the magnitude and reference angle is calculated and fed to the SVPWM module. The SVPWM module generates the appropriate pulses for the VSI to generate the required voltages as requested by the user. The modeling and simulation was carried out using Matlab Simulink and the proposed electric power-train is clean and efficient for potential application in hybrid electrical vehicles.
Rapid prototyping of biodegradable microneedle arrays by integrating CO<sub>2</sub>laser processing and polymer molding (2016)

An integrated technology of CO2 laser processing and polymer molding has been demonstrated for the rapid prototyping of biodegradable poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microneedle arrays. Rapid and low-cost CO2 laser processing was used for the fabrication of a high-aspect-ratio microneedle master mold instead of conventional time-consuming and expensive photolithography and etching processes. It is crucial to use flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to detach PLGA. However, the direct CO2 laser-ablated PDMS could generate poor surfaces with bulges, scorches, re-solidification and shrinkage. Here, we have combined the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) ablation and two-step PDMS casting process to form a PDMS female microneedle mold to eliminate the problem of direct ablation. A self-assembled monolayer polyethylene glycol was coated to prevent stiction between the two PDMS layers during the peeling-off step in the PDMS-to-PDMS replication. Then the PLGA microneedle array was successfully released by bending the second-cast PDMS mold with flexibility and hydrophobic property. The depth of the polymer microneedles can range from hundreds of micrometers to millimeters. It is linked to the PMMA pattern profile and can be adjusted by CO2 laser power and scanning speed. The proposed integration process is maskless, simple and low-cost for rapid prototyping with a reusable mold.
Microprogramming—Another look at internal computer control (1975)

The internal control of a computer is directed by the instruction. The instruction causes a sequence of steps (or microinstructions) to occur which interpret the instruction. This interpretation of an instruction can be implemented by a storage media called a control store. The programs written for this media are called microprograms. The recent availability of fast READ-WRITE bipolar storage media now makes possible the rapid changing of content of this storage and hence makes possible computer organizations which can interpret a wide variety of different types of instructions. These computer organizatios are called soft machine architectures. It is also possible to conceive of new "machine languages" or directly executable languages which are specially developed as an intermediate level between a specific higher level language and the microprogrammable machine.
Educational supervision and knowledge of self‐concept (1971)

(1971). Educational supervision and knowledge of self‐concept. The Teacher Educator: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 20-25.
Invited review: Origin of monocytes and their differentiation to macrophages and dendritic cells (2006)

Activation of the immune system requires that the presence of an incipient infection first be detected. This essential step is carried out by tissue macrophages, which alert innate immunity, and by dendritic cells whih alert the adaptive immune system. Both of these sentinel cell types are derived from circulating precursors known as blood monocytes. Here we briefly review current work which has recently expanded our understanding of the origin of blood monocytes and of the factors governing their further differentiation into tissue sentinels.
STW 5 (Iberogast®)—a safe and effective standard in the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders (2012)

Functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are frequent disorders affecting quality of life. They often require long-term treatment. Abdominal symptoms of both disorders can overlap, making differential diagnosis and treatment challenging. The extracts of the herbal combination preparation STW 5 (Iberogast(®)) exert pharmacological effects in different gastrointestinal regions and can address symptoms of both FD and IBS. This review summarizes safety and efficacy data of 12 clinical trials using STW 5 in FD and IBS since 1990. Double-blind and randomized studies versus placebo or active control found statistically significant effects of STW 5 on patients' symptoms with a comparable efficacy to a standard prokinetic. Non-interventional and retrospective studies confirmed these effects. Various studies evaluated the tolerability profile of STW 5: the incidence of adverse drug reactions was 0.04%. The worldwide spontaneous reporting system confirmed this profile. STW 5 has a favorable tolerability which is relevant for long-term treatment.
Remaining Life Prediction of Offshore Pipeline Based on Corrosion Coupon Data (2015)

It is a difficult problem to predict the corrosion remaining life of offshore pipeline. Four prediction methods are recommended based on the corrosion coupon data, and was applied in a case. The result shows that the four method are feasible, but different corrosion development model impacts remaining life observably, the selection of the prediction method must take the pipeline specific circumstance into account. At the same time, the more perfect opinion of the coupon data collection and management is suggested, enriching the data source of remaining life prediction, it is a valuable reference for the people doing corrosion management and technology.
The cognitive validity of the lecture-based question in the IELTS listening paper (2009)

This study investigates the cognitive validity of two samples of IELTS lecture-listening material taken from past papers. In one condition, participants were asked to undertake the original test, and to provide a retrospective verbal report, explaining why they had chosen the answers that they had favoured. In a second condition, they were asked to take notes under the less constrained circumstances that obtain during a lecture, and then to report on them. The material was distributed on an ABAB principle so that the possible effects of recording and test method could be compared. The scores obtained by individuals under 'test' conditions were compared with the extent to which the same individuals showed themselves capable of accurately reporting units of information in the freer 'lecture' condition. No clear correlation was demonstrated. The verbal reports were then examined for evidence of the cognitive processes adopted by participants under test conditions, and were matched against conventional psycholinguistic accounts of first-language listening (see, for example, Brown 1995, Field 2009). A distinction was made between normal processes which might equally well be adopted by a native academic listener, strategic behaviour which aimed to compensate for problems of understanding; and test-specific behaviour representing the user's response to characteristics of the test. Evidence of the last raised concerns about cognitive validity. The protocols showed participants adopting specific routines that were tailored to the test method. They also provided considerable evidence of participants favouring test-wise strategies and attempting to exploit loopholes in the format of the test such as the availability of questions in a written form. A third line of enquiry investigated participants' responses to listening under the two conditions, in order to establish which they had found the more demanding. An unexpected result was the number of participants who found lecture listening less demanding than undertaking the test. Possible reasons are explored.
The cryopreservation of colony-forming cells from the bone marrow of children with acute-lymphocytic leukemia. (1974)

Summary Bone marrow cells from 15 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia in remission were preserved in liquid nitrogen for periods of up to 16 weeks. Although a substantial reduction in the number of myeloid cells was noted after cryopreservation, the colony-forming cells were still capable of proliferation. Dimethyl sulfoxide was demonstrated to be superior to glycerol as a cryoprotective agent for human marrow cells.
DeepScribble: Interactive Pathology Image Segmentation Using Deep Neural Networks with Scribbles (2021)

Tumor segmentation is a challenging but crucial task in digital pathology for accurate diagnosis. Recent studies on deep neural networks have shown promising results in various image segmentation problems. However, unlike several medical imaging modalities (such as computerized tomography, CT and magnetic resonance imaging, MRI), the boundary between the normal and the tumor area in pathology images is usually fuzzy and ambiguous, making it difficult to adapt conventional image segmentation methods to these images. In this paper, we propose an interactive segmentation method that corrects the segmented boundaries from deep neural networks using user interaction. The proposed method functions in two stages; the first network initially generates the best prediction of the tumor boundary; the second network then refines the segmentation iteratively by exploiting the user scribble annotations on-the-fly. Our approach leverages the feature learning aspects of deep neural networks in the correction step to reduce user effort. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method on real pathology images.
A New Chiral Bis(oxazolinylmethyl)amine Ligand for Ru-Catalyzed Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA New Chiral Bis(oxazolinylmethyl)amine Ligand for Ru-Catalyzed Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of KetonesYutong Jiang, Qiongzhong Jiang, and Xumu ZhangView Author Information Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 15, 3817–3818Publication Date (Web):April 4, 1998Publication History Received2 December 1997Published online4 April 1998Published inissue 1 April 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja974095phttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja974095prapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2327Altmetric-Citations184LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Ketones,Ligands,Stereoselectivity,Transfer reactions Get e-Alerts
Suppression of Cobalt Dissolution from the LiCoO[sub 2] Cathodes with Various Metal-Oxide Coatings (2003)

ZrO2-coated LiCoO2 showed negligible capacity loss up to 70 cycles at the cutoff voltage of 4.4 V, while bare LiCoO2 exhibited; 60% of its original capacity after only 30 cycles. The improved electrochemical behavior was caused by the suppression of cobalt dissolution by nanoscale metal-oxide coating. The amount of cobalt dissolution in the electrolyte from the charged LiCoO2 held at 25 and 90 degreesC, respectively, correlates well with the capacity retention, among coatings of various metal oxides. The trend of the open-circuit voltage reduction is again well correlated with both the cobalt dissolution and capacity retention.
Barbara H. Partee (ed.) Montague grammar. New York & London: Academic Press, 1976. Pp. xvi + 370. (1977)

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Malate Dehydrogenase Mutants in <i>Escherichia coli</i> K-12 (1970)

Mutants devoid of malate dehydrogenase activity have been isolated in Escherichia coli K-12. They do not possess detectable malate dehydrogenase when grown aerobically or anaerobically on glucose as sole carbon source. All mutants revert spontaneously; a few partial revertants have been found with a malate dehydrogenase exhibiting altered electrophoretic mobility. Therefore, only one such enzyme appears to exist in the strains examined. No evidence could be obtained for the presence of a malate dehydrogenase not linked to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Mutants deficient in both malate dehydrogenase and phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase activities will grow anaerobically on minimal glucose plus succinate medium; also, malate dehydrogenase mutants do not require succinate for anaerobic growth on glucose. The anaerobic pathway oxaloacetate to succinate or succinate to aspartate appears to be accomplished by aspartase. Malate dehydrogenase is coded for by a locus somewhere relatively near the histidine operon, i.e., a different chromosomal location than that known for other citric acid cycle enzymes.
ENRON: Taking our cue from the world of object relations (2013)

Asaboy,summeringwithhisextendedfamilyinKennebunkpoti,Maine,GeorgeW.BushwasBoss Cousin: the oidest in a swarm of his own brothers (and sister) and the sons and daughters of his aunts and uncles. They played games all day, from tag to tennis to basketball. George, one of the players told me years later, very much liked to win — and, as oidest sibiings always do, wrote the ruies (or rewrote) them to guarantee it. That's the way he prefers to operate even now. Kart Rove, the president's longtime political consigllere, calls them 'game-changing moves'. Bush tikes to out- maneuver his foes by using his dout to change the game itself It's worked many times. (Fineman, 2002)