gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Intracellular Formation of a Mononucleotide of the Anti-Influenza Agent 1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcyanamide (LY217896) (1995)

LY217896 is a substituted thiadiazole compound with anti-influenza activity in vitro and in the mouse model of infection. LY297336 is a ribosylated (N-4) derivative of LY217896. A highly polar intracellular metabolite of LY217896 was isolated by HPLC, and mass spectral analysis and treatment of the metabolite with alkaline phosphatase showed that it was a monophosphate (LY307987) derived from LY217896. The formation of LY307987 was inhibited by 43 and 63% when 10 μm of LY217896 was incubated with 100 μM of 8-aminoguanosine (8AGuo) and guanine (Gua), respectively, whereas inosine (Ino) and hypoxanthine (Hx) had no effect on the formation of LY307987. LY217896 inhibited the incorporation of [ 14 C]-Hx into nucleic acids in cells which metabolize LY217896; however, LY217896 did not inhibit the formation of inosine 5′-monophosphate (IMP) from Hx in a cell-free HGPRT (hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase)-catalysed reaction. Incubation of MDCK cells with 10 μm of LY217896 resulted in an 8-fold increase in the level of intracellular IMP. At 100 μm, neither LY217896 nor LY297336 inhibited inosine 5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) and only cellular extracts which contained intracellular metabolites of LY217896 inhibited IMPDH. Quantification of the 5-phosphorylribose pyrophosphate (PRPP) levels in BS-C-1, MDCK, and MCN cells showed a positive correlation between PRPP concentration and cellular metabolism of LY217896. Combination studies of LY217896 with 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine (ddlno) or 2′,3′-dideoxyguanosine (ddGuo) showed that LY217896 enhanced the antiretroviral activities of these dideoxynucleosides, which is consistent with an inhibitory effect on IMPDH.
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 down regulates Syk coupled neutrophil NLRP3 inflammasome activation through ITIM and the recruitment of SHP-1 (157.12) (2011)

Abstract IL-1β is a critical pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by innate immune cells, and is regulated by the inflammasome. Recently thioredoxin -interacting protein (TXNIP) has been shown to associate with and activate the Nod-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3) inflammosome in a ROS-sensitive manner. We have found LPS induced the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in neutrophils was dependent on ROS production and lysosomal damage, both of which were regulated by spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk).We have demonstrated LPS induced phosphorylation of Syk and formation of a complex platform including Toll -like receptor 4(TLR4), TXNIP and p-Syk, to facilitate ROS production the inflammosome activation. We also found that carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1(CEACAM1) associated with TLR4 ,TXNIP and p-Syk complex in response to LPS. IL-1β, pro-caspase-1, ROS and lysosomal destabilization are enhanced in neutrophils from ceacam1-/- mice. CEACAM negatively regulates phosphorylation of Syk and the inflammosome activation by recruiting phosphatase SHP-1 through CEACAM1’s (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif) ITIMs. Pharmaceutical inhibition of Syk activation or knock down of Syk attenuated Syk phosphorylation and the inflammosome activation in ceacam1-/- neutrophils. Reconstitution of CEACAM1 restores inflammasome activation to normal level. Therefore, we identify CEACAM1 as a negative regulator of the Syk coupled NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
Protein Mobilization in Germinating Mung Bean Seeds Involves Vacuolar Sorting Receptors and Multivesicular Bodies (2007)

Plants accumulate and store proteins in protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) during seed development and maturation. Upon seed germination, these storage proteins are mobilized to provide nutrients for seedling growth. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of protein degradation during seed germination. Here we test the hypothesis that vacuolar sorting receptor (VSR) proteins play a role in mediating protein degradation in germinating seeds. We demonstrate that both VSR proteins and hydrolytic enzymes are synthesized de novo during mung bean (Vigna radiata) seed germination. Immunogold electron microscopy with VSR antibodies demonstrate that VSRs mainly locate to the peripheral membrane of multivesicular bodies (MVBs), presumably as recycling receptors in day 1 germinating seeds, but become internalized to the MVB lumen, presumably for degradation at day 3 germination. Chemical cross-linking and immunoprecipitation with VSR antibodies have identified the cysteine protease aleurain as a specific VSR-interacting protein in germinating seeds. Further confocal immunofluorescence and immunogold electron microscopy studies demonstrate that VSR and aleurain colocalize to MVBs as well as PSVs in germinating seeds. Thus, MVBs in germinating seeds exercise dual functions: as a storage compartment for proteases that are physically separated from PSVs in the mature seed and as an intermediate compartment for VSR-mediated delivery of proteases from the Golgi apparatus to the PSV for protein degradation during seed germination.
Computational complexity of terrain mapping perception in autonomous mobility (2002)

For autonomously navigating vehicles, the automatic generation of dense geometric models of the environment is a computationally expensive process. Using first principles, it is possible to quantify the relationship between the raw throughput required of the perception system and the maximum safely achievable speed of the vehicle. We show that terrain mapping perception is of polynomial complexity in the response distance. To the degree that geometric perception consumes time, it also degrades real-time response characteristics. Given this relationship, several strategies of adaptive geometric perception arise which are practical for autonomous vehicles.
CONtrast Conformed Electrical Properties Tomography (CONCEPT) Based on Multi- Channel Transmission and Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (2018)

In magnetic resonance-based electrical properties tomography (EPT), circularly polarized magnetic field B<sub>1</sub> from a transmit radiofrequency (RF) coil is measured and utilized to infer the electrical conductivity and permittivity of biological tissues. Compared with a quadrature RF coil, a multi-channel transmit coil provides a plurality of unique transmit B<sub>1</sub> patterns that help to alleviate the under-determinedness of EPT reconstruction problem, and it also allows to circumvent the "transceive phase assumption" that fails at ultra-high-field MRI. Here, a new approach, contrast conformed electrical properties tomography or CONCEPT, is proposed based on the multi-channel transmission that retrieves electrical properties (EPs) by solving a linear partial differential equation with discriminated L<sub>1</sub> and L<sub>2</sub> norm regularization informed by intermediate EP gradient. The theory of CONCEPT and a fast reconstruction algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers are described and evaluated using numerical simulations, phantom experiment, and analysis of in vivo human brain data at 7 T MRI. Compared with the multi-channel gradient-based EPT (gEPT) method, this new technology does not require receive- B<sub>1</sub> sensitivity profiles and does not rely on symmetry assumption regarding RF coil design and imaged target. Moreover, it is not dependent on external prior information, such as integration seed point or anatomical MRI, which can be sources of bias in reconstructed EP values. By deriving EPs from transmit B<sub>1</sub> profiles only, CONCEPT can be used with RF coils that include receive-only arrays with large channel count which can, in turn, offer substantial gains in signal-to-noise ratio. It also holds potentials to image unsymmetrical body organs and diseased brain. CONCEPT provides solutions for the practical problems during the implementation of gEPT, thus representing a more generalized framework in the context of multi-channel RF transmission.
DETERMINATION OF MOLECULAR CONSTANTS OF SULFUR DIOXIDE FROM COMBINED FAR INFRARED AND MICROWAVE DATA (1964)

$^{\dag}$ Supported by the Geophysics Research Directorate, AFCRL.
Biochemical Effect of Myomycin on <i>Pseudomonas lachrymans</i> (1980)

キュウリ斑点性細菌病菌を用いてマイオマイシンの作用機構について検討した. 本抗生物質は増殖中期の供試菌の増殖を10μg/mlの濃度で完全に阻害した. ピルビン酸, 酢酸を基質とする呼吸は阻害されたが, グルコース,クエン酸, コハク酸の場合は阻害されなかった. 呼吸阻害についてはマイオマイシン耐性菌においても同様の結果が得られた. また, 放射性前駆体を用いての取り込み実験では, あらかじめ取り込ませた細胞からの放射性物質の漏出はみられず, 14C-ウリジン, 14C-チミジン, 14C-グルコサミン, 14C-酢酸の取り込みは阻害されなかったが, タンパクへの14C-フェニルアラニンの取り込みは強く阻害された. なお, 耐性菌においては, 14C-フェニルアラニンの取り込みはほとんど阻害されなかった. 以上の結果から, 本抗生物質はタンパク合成に強く作用しているものと思われる.
Evaluation of hot strip mill backup roll cladding (2000)

A new cladding material based on the Fe–Cr–Mo–V–C alloy system, suitable for submerged arc welding, has been designed for the refurbishment of forged and cast backup rolls used in the finishing stands of hot strip rolling mills. The work undertaken includes mechanical analysis, mechanical testing, and microstructural characterisation. The mechanical analysis indicated the nature and level of stresses operating near the surface of rolls; mechanical testing allowed material performance to be anticipated. An optimal post-weld heat treatment procedure, which maximises strength while minimising material strain hardening, was subsequently chosen. The microstructure of the candidate cladding material is a mixture of lower bainite and martensite, containing a very fine distribution of molybdenum carbides. In situresults have shown that welded rolls outperform traditional rolls, as the amount of steel rolled per millimetre of cladding material is 40% higher than with forged rolls and double that obtained with cast rolls.
GaInAsP/InP unstable resonator lasers (1987)

Double-heterostructure GaInAsP/InP unstable resonator lasers have been fabricated for the first time. Both facets are made by a simple two-step chemical etching process. The required nearly vertical lateral curved cavity mirrors are achieved. The unstable resonator lasers exhibit an output power of 105 mW.
METHOD FOR INVESTIGATING PARAMETERS OF RELAXATION PROCESSES IN PHYSICAL SYSTEMS (1964)

A method is described for investigating transient processes in physical systems. A functional transformer that enables the transformation of relaxation curves of systems into curves of transient relaxation time is presented. The method converts the periodic treatment to a single transitional process with instantaneous coordinates. Amplitude and time in the auxiliary circuit is transformed to specific relaxation speed and time. Transforming the functions into new coordinates yields information about the time variation of single processes and represents them in the form of functional approximations describing the course of elementary relaxation processes. The transformer has a differentiator with a positive reciprocal relation, a pulse -time separator, and a memory device. (tr-auth)
Couches minces d'oxynitrure de titane : la réactivité comme moyen original de caractérisation physico - chimique (2002)

Titanium oxinitride thin films, TiNxOy, were elaborated on Si(100) by the MOCVD (Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition) method, using titanium isopropoxide Ti(OCH(CH3)2)4 and ammonia NH3 as precursors. By varying the growth temperature, it is possible to modify the N/O ratio and change the conductivity of the films.<br /><br />The target of this work was to determine the composition and the structure of these TiNxOy thin films in order to understand the electrical properties. However, this study was difficult because classical characterization techniques (SEM, XRD, Raman, XPS...) were unable to describe the whole TiNxOy system. Indeed, only a structure which is isomorphic to TiN (NaCl structure) was detected in the samples elaborated at high temperature ( T > 550 °C) and quantitative analysis revealed relatively high oxygen content in all the samples. This study was broadened to TiN films in order to understand the importance of oxygen in this structure.<br /><br />Original characterization methods, based on the fact that it is possible to link the structure of a material to its reactivity, were carried out in order to complete previous characterizations. In particular, the study of the reactivity of thin films towards ion bombardment or thermal treatments allowed to determine and quantify the different phases which are present in TiNxOy thin films. For low synthesis temperatures (T < 700 °C) they are composed of a conducting Ti(N,O) phase and an insulating TiO2 one. A percolation model allowing the understanding of the conductivity variations as a function of the films synthesis temperature was proposed thanks to these characterization methods.
[The blood picture in exanthema subitum (Zahorsky)/ critical 3-day fever-exanthema in young children]. (1991)

Exanthema subitum was described in 1910 by John Zahorsky/USA; in 1986 and 1988 the human herpesvirus 6 (HHV 6) was discovered as the causative agent of the disease and serologic tests were established for diagnostics (specific IgM and IgG antibodies). Up to this time the diagnosis was based on the typical clinical course: the prodromal febrile stage (3 days) followed by the onset of a (more or less characteristic) rash closely connected with the normalisation of the body temperature. Usually a typical white blood cell count was described for diagnostics on the first day of exanthema: leukocytopenia with eosino- and granulocytopenia associated with consequent lymphocytosis. We analysed the hematologic data for children with a serologically documented HHV6 infection including exanthema (group 1: n = 9), without exanthema (group 2: n = 11) or with a serologically unexplained febrile rash (group 3: n = 13). In children with exanthematous HHV6 infection (exanthema subitum) granulocytopenia and a decreased thrombocyte count (mean values) is the rule. But the total white blood cell count and the mean values for eosinophils did not differ between the groups studied.
The Potential Use of Virtual Reality in Vestibular Rehabilitation (2002)

In this paper, the potential use of virtual reality for use with persons with vestibular disorders is discussed. The limitations of existing physical therapy for persons with vestibular disorders are detailed. Explanations are provided about why the use of virtual reality might be effective with persons with vestibular disorders. A newly designed virtual reality device, a balance near automatic virtual environment (BNAVE), was used in a pilot study to determine the effect of a moving visual scene in persons with and without vestibular pathology. The postural sway of 2 patients and 3 controls were compared. Persons were asked to stand while viewing a sinusoidal waveform on a force plate. Postural sway was increased in both young and older adults in the immersive virtual environment. These preliminary data suggest that the virtual environment produced by BNAVE was valid.
Antioxidant treatment of patients with asthenozoospermia or moderate oligoasthenozoospermia with high-dose vitamin C and vitamin E: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study (1999)

In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study we investigated whether high-dose oral treatment with vitamins C and E for 56 days was able to improve semen parameters of infertile men. Ejaculate parameters included semen volume, sperm concentration and motility, and sperm count and viability. Thirty-one patients without genital infection but with asthenozoospermia (< 50% motile spermatozoa) and normal or only moderately reduced sperm concentration (> 7 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml) (according to WHO criteria) were examined. To investigate the influence of the epididymal storage period on semen parameters, the patients were asked to deliver two semen samples with abstinence times of 2 and 7 days both before and at the end of vitamin treatment. After randomization, the patients received either 1000 mg vitamin C and 800 mg vitamin E (n = 15) or identical placebo capsules (n = 16). No changes in semen parameters were observed during treatment, and no pregnancies were initiated during the treatment period. Combined high-dose antioxidative treatment with vitamins C and E did not improve conventional semen parameters or the 24-h sperm survival rate. Prolonged abstinence time increased ejaculate volume (P < 0.05), sperm count (P < 0.05), sperm concentration (P < 0.05) and the total number of motile spermatozoa (P < 0.05).
On Machining Characteristics of the Various Electrolytes in Electrochemical Machining (1970)

In this report the machining characteristics of some electrolytes for carbon steel (S 15 C) and austenitic stainless steel (SUS 27) were experimentally investigated. The electrolytes were sodium chloride solution including sodium sulfite, sodium chloride solution including sodium hexametaphosphite and calcium chloride, sodium nitrite solution, potassium bromide solution, and sodium chlorate solution, which are less corrosive for mild steel than sodium chloride solution. The main results are as follows.(1) In the case of sodium chlorate solution the two materials can not be machined by single-phase half-wave current, but by square wave current. The surface finishes by the latter are slightly worse than those in sodium chloride solution, but the machined forms are rather sharper. The surface roughness is not affected by the pH value of the solution in the range from 6 to 11.(2) In the case of other electrolytes better surface roughnesses are obtained by square wave current than by single-phase half-wave rectified current. The surface roughness of carbon steel is not affected by the kind of electrolyte, and the surface roughnesses are within a range from 4 to 6 μ Hmax. The surface roughnesses of austenitic stainless steel are within a range from 1 to 2 μ Hmax in other electrolytes besides potassium bromide solution.
Fluctuations and Critical Behavior (2005)

An important historical result with the Ising model was the achievement of an exact analytical solution by Onsager for the two-dimensional case. It is one of the few statistical-mechanical models for which an exact solution is available, and yields insight into the role played by thermodynamic fluctuations in determining critical behavior. We know that mean-field approaches, for example, which ignore the effects of fluctuations, do not predict the correct scaling exponents in the critical region. Also, we showed in the previous chapter that a mean-field analysis of the Ising model showed its specific heat CH to have a discontinuity at Tc remaining finite on either side of Tc , namely for T > Tc and T < Tc .
Purificação e caracterização da - galactosidade de soja (glycine max, L.) e defeijão (phaseolus vulgaris, L.) (1985)

As propriedades das b-galactosidases da soja e do feijao, purificadas por fracionamento com sulfato de amonio, cromatografia em DEAE-celulose e filtracao molecular em Sephadex G-100 foram examinadas.A filtracao em Sephadex G-100 produziu duas fracoes, designadas I e II, com diferentes pesos moleculares. As formas I e II de cada amostra mostraram diferencas em seus valores de pH e temperatura otima, energia de ativacao, Km e Vmax com PNPG, melibiose ou rafinose como substratos. Nao se observaram diferencas em suas estabilidades ao calor e a variacao de pH.As enzimas apresentaram atividade maxima entre pH 5,0 e 6,0 e foram estaveis na faixa ao redor do pH otimo; os valores de temperatura otima ficaram entre 45 e 55oC e as atividades enzimicas perma-neceram estaveis ate 50oC e todas elas mostraram maior especificidade para o PNPG. Ions metalicos como Ag+ e Hg+2 causaram completa perda de atividade; entretanto, as enzimas nao foram sensiveis aos reagentes sul-fidrilicos, sugerindo nao haver necessidade de grupos - SH para a atividade catalitica. As enzimas foram inibidas competitivamente por glicose, mais intensamente por galactose e nao competitivamente por frutose. As duas formas enzimicas do feijao foram inibidas por al--tas concentracoes de PNPG 
Abstract
Algorithms for 3D Map Segment Registration (2012)

Many applications require dimensionally accurate and detailed maps of the environment. Mobile mapping devices with laser ranging devices can generate highly detailed and dimensionally accurate coordinate data in the form of point clouds. Point clouds represent scenes with numerous discrete coordinate samples obtained about a relative reference frame defined by the location and orientation of the sensor. Color information from the environment obtained from cameras can be mapped to the coordinates to generate color point clouds. Point clouds obtained from a single static vantage point are generally incomplete because neither coordinate nor color information exists in occluded areas. Changing the vantage point implies movement of the coordinate frame and the need for sensor position and orientation information. Merging multiple point cloud segments generated from different vantage points using features of the scene enables construction of 3D maps of large areas and filling in gaps left from occlusions. Map registration algorithms identify areas with common features in overlapping point clouds and determine optimal coordinate transformations that can register or merge one point cloud into another point cloud’s coordinate system. Algorithms can also match the attributes other than coordinates, such as optical reflection intensity and color properties, for more efficient common point identification. The extra attributes help resolve ambiguities, reduce the time, and increase precision for point cloud registration. This chapter describes a comprehensive parametric study on the performance of a specialized Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm that uses color information. This Hue-assisted ICP algorithm, a variant developed by the authors, registers point clouds in a 4D (x, y, z, hue) space. A mobile robot with integrated 3D sensor generated color point cloud used for verification and performance measurement of various map registration techniques. The chapter also identifies various algorithms required to accomplish complete map generation using mobile robots.
A DNA array based on clickable lesion-containing hairpin probes for multiplexed detection of base excision repair activities (2016)

DNA is under continuous assault by environmental and endogenous reactive oxygen and alkylating species, inducing the formation of mutagenic, toxic and genome destabilizing nucleobase lesions. Due to the implications of such genetic alterations in cell death, aging, inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer, many efforts have been devoted to developing assays that aim at analyzing DNA repair activities from purified enzymes or cell extracts. The present work deals with the conception and application of a new, miniaturized and parallelized on surface-DNA biosensor to measure base excision repair (BER) activities. Such a bio-analytical tool was built by using the "click chemistry" approach to immobilize, on a glass slide, fluorescent stem-loop DNA probes, which contain a specific nucleobase lesion. The performance of this new high-throughput DNA repair analysis technology was determined by detecting uracil N-glycosylase and AP-endonuclease activities from purified enzymes or in cell extracts. The applications of this device were extended to analyze, in cell extracts, the ability of two inhibitors (Uracil glycosylase inhibitor (Ugi) and methoxyamine (MX)) to block the excision of uracil and the cleavage of AP sites, respectively. Altogether, our results show that this new fluorescent DNA microarray platform provides an easy, rapid and robust method for detecting DNA N-glycosylase and AP-endonuclease activities and evaluating the effects of BER inhibitors in a multiplexed fashion.