gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron cyclotron resonance-reactive ion etching of III-V semiconductors by cyclic injection of CH/sub 4//H/sub 2//Ar and O/sub 2/ (2003)

In this study, we introduced constant Ar flow to the cyclic etching in order to remove the alumina layer formed during ashing intervals by the Ar ion etching, and studied the etching conditions for various III-V semiconductor materials. It was demonstrated diat the combination of the cyclic etching with/without constant Ar flow and the continuous etching is useful for etching the device structure containing multi-semiconductor layers.
OOP Response of THOR and Hybrid-III 50th% ATDs (2006)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The responses of the THOR and the Hybrid-III ATDs to head and neck loading due to a deploying air bag were investigated. Matched pair tests were conducted to compare the responses of the two ATDs under similar loading conditions. The two 50th percentile male ATDs, in the driver as well as the passenger positions, were placed close to the air bag systems, in order to enhance the interaction between the deploying air bag and the chin-neck-jaw regions of the ATDs. Although both ATDs nominally meet the same calibration corridors, they differ significantly in their kinematic and dynamic responses to interaction with a deploying air bag. The difference between the structural designs of the Hybrid-III's and the THOR's neck appears to result in significant differences in the manner in which the loads applied on the head are resisted.</div>
Tacrine–Melatonin Hybrids as Multifunctional Agents for Alzheimer's Disease, with Cholinergic, Antioxidant, and Neuroprotective Properties (2009)

Tacrine-melatonin hybrids were designed and synthesized as new multifunctional drug candidates for Alzheimer's disease. These compounds may simultaneously palliate intellectual deficits and protect the brain against both beta-amyloid (A beta) peptide and oxidative stress. They show improved cholinergic and antioxidant properties, and are more potent and selective inhibitors of human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) than tacrine. They also capture free radicals better than melatonin. Molecular modeling studies show that these hybrids target both the catalytic active site (CAS) and the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of AChE. At sub-micromolar concentrations they efficiently displace the binding of propidium iodide from the PAS and could thus inhibit A beta peptide aggregation promoted by AChE. Moreover, they also inhibit A beta self-aggregation and display neuroprotective properties in a human neuroblastoma line against cell death induced by various toxic insults, such as A beta(25-35), H(2)O(2), and rotenone. Finally, they exhibit low toxicity and may be able to penetrate the central nervous system according to an in vitro parallel artificial membrane permeability assay for the blood-brain barrier (PAMPA-BBB).
Plant Growth-regulating Activities of 4-Methoxydiphenylmethanes and Their Related Compounds (1974)

The discovery that anisomycin showed plant growth-regulating activity led to the investigation of compounds having p-methoxyphenyl group; the p-anisole derivatives. 4-Methoxydiphenylmethanes and related compounds inhibited the growth of both shoots and roots in test plants. Growth-inhibitory activity in the series of 4-methoxydiphenylmethanes was lowered by an increase in the electron donating or withdrawing ability of the substituent and was parabolically dependent on the Hammett’s σ. Selective actions of these compounds in their growth inhibition are discussed based on correlations between their activities against barnyard grass and other test plants. Some 4-methoxydiphenylmethanes induced chlorosis, a disturbance in phototropism or geotropism, and root hypertrophy.
Does linear acceleration modify cupular deflection (1966)

Angular and linear acceleration effects influence upon cupula with resulting changes in human nystagmus - central converging otolithic influence upon cupula
<title>Diagnostics of x-ray laser plasmas (Invited Paper)</title> (1992)

Thomson scattering, X-ray diagnostics and optical interferometry are employed to characterize both collisionally excited and recombination X-ray laser plasmas. Spatially and time-resolved Thomson scattering spectra from carbon plasmas provide the electron and ion temperatures, which are compared with hydrodynamic computer modelling. The electron density is inferred from the recorded interferograms. Time-integrated X-ray spectra in the keV range are used to characterize very precisely the optimum irradiance conditions for lasing in Ne-like germanium plasmas. Also, electron temperatures obtained with the 5C/4C line ratio, assuming a PLTE model, are compared to Thomson scattering results.
Skin Cancer Prevention Strategies (2013)

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has been identified as the primary etiologic agent for the induction and promotion of most skin cancers. The first associations between solar UVR and skin cancer were acknowledged by the scientific community in 1927. Since then, increasing evidence for the role of UVR in the causation of skin cancer has resulted in the listing of solar and artificial UVR as a human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 1992. Broad spectrum (UVA and UVB) UVR was categorized as a human carcinogen by the National Toxicology Program in 2005. UVR from the sun causes approximately 90% of malignant melanomas and non-melanoma (basal cell carcinoma [BCC] and squamous cell carcinoma [SCC]) skin cancers [1]. The non-melanoma skin cancers make up one third of all cancers around the world [2]. According to the National Cancer Institute, in the United States melanoma has one of the fastest increasing incidence rates. It is estimated that more than two million new cases of skin cancer will be diagnosed in 2012 [3-5]. Prevention of skin cancer is possible since UVR is known to be the central causative agent. National educational programs have emerged globally to deliver the message that unprotected sun exposure increases the risk for developing skin cancer, and present multiple behaviors that when followed together reduce the risk of photocarcinogenesis.
Recent Development of Technology and Application of Photoacoustic Molecular Imaging Toward Clinical Translation (2018)

The deep imaging capability and optical absorption contrast offered by photoacoustic imaging promote the use of this technology in clinical applications. By exploiting the optical absorption properties of endogenous chromophores such as hemoglobin and lipid, molecular information at a depth of a few centimeters can be unveiled. This information shows promise to reveal lesions indicating early stage of various human diseases, such as cancer and atherosclerosis. In addition, the use of exogenous contrast agents can further extend the capability of photoacoustic imaging in clinical diagnosis and treatment. In this review, the current state of the art and applications of photoacoustic molecular probes will be critically reviewed, as well as some spearheading translational efforts that have taken place over the past 5 years. Some of the most critical barriers to clinical translation of this novel technology will be discussed, and some thoughts will be given on future endeavors and pathways.
Select orchidaceous plants [First series] by Robert Warner ; the notes on culture by Benjamin S. Williams. (1862)

the old flowerstems; such plants should be left on till they are well r o o t e d , and should then be p l a c e d 'ach on small block. the kinds occasionally produce plants in that way. Sometimes they throw ou wee young plants on ide-growths, which can be t a k e n off when well rooted; and when the pl to each portion. 'They a r e best out when just b divided plant should not e allowed to flower until it is well establish -n Exe ----late .
Exome sequencing: an efficient diagnostic tool for complex neurodegenerative disorders (2012)

These findings demonstrate that exome sequencing is an efficient and direct diagnostic tool for identifying the causes of complex and genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative diseases, early-stage disease or cases with limited clinical data.
Does SPRED1 contribute to leukemogenesis in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML)? (2010)

To the editor:

Dr Pasmant and colleagues recently reported a child with a neuro-cardio-facial-cutaneous (NCFC) syndrome caused by a germline SPRED1 mutation.[1][1] The child developed acute myeloid leukemia.[1][1] The relation between the molecular pathology of NCFC syndromes and that of myeloid
The effects of thermal nitridation and reoxidation on the interfacial stress and structure of silicon dioxide gate dielectrics (1995)

Electron spin resonance spectroscopy is used to study the effects of thermal NH3 nitridation and subsequent reoxidation on the structure of the dielectric/silicon interface. This is accomplished by study of the Pb center, an interfacial point defect. The values of g⊥ in Pb spectra observed in the nitrided oxide and reoxidized nitrided oxide systems differ from Si/SiO2 systems, suggesting that the average value of the tensile stress in the silicon substrate increases upon nitridation while reoxidation acts to return the interfacial stress to prenitridation levels. The implications of these structural changes upon device performance are discussed.
Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade with Neostigmine Has No Effect on the Incidence or Severity of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (1997)

Neostigmine may increase postoperative nausea and vomiting. In this study, omission of reversal of neuromuscular block with neostigmine failed to decrease the incidence or severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
The first five years' clinical experience of the Australian National Liver Transplantation Unit (1992)

Objective To report the first five years' clinical experience of the Australian National Liver Transplant Unit. Patients Three hundred and seventy patients were referred — 292 adults (79%) and 78 children (21%). The major causes of liver failure in the adults were chronic active hepatitis (25%), primary biliary cirrhosis (12%), primary sclerosing cholangitis (12%), alcoholic cirrhosis (9%) and malignancy (9%). Ten per cent of patients were referred in fulminant hepatic failure. In children, the major causes were biliary atresia (40%) and inborn errors in metabolism (27%). Results Two hundred and sixty‐three patients (71%) were accepted for transplantation. Of 158 (43%) accepted for early transplantation, 22 (14%) died before a donor became available. Four hundred and forty‐ three suitable organ donors were referred. One hundred and twenty‐six patients, including 32 children (25%), received 137 grafts. Three patients with renal failure due to hyperoxaluria type 1 received concurrent renal grafts. Ninety‐two patients survived (73%). For all recipients, one‐year survival was 75%. Two, three and four‐year survivals were 69%. One to four‐year survivals for adults with benign conditions were 77%, contrasting with results for those with hepatic malignancy (40% one‐year survival). Children weighing more than 8 kg had good outcomes whether they received whole grafts or reduced‐size grafts (83% one to five‐year survival in both cases). Infants weighing less than 8 kg who received reduced adult grafts did significantly worse (37% one to‐five year survival, P<0.05). Thirteen (87%) of 15 patients with fulminant hepatic failure who received grafts survived. Five of these patients were given ABO‐incompatible grafts and two subsequently required retransplantation. All three patients with concurrent renal and hepatic grafts survived. Rehabilitation of survivors was excellent with 95% of adults and 100% of children pursuing normal activities. Only three grafts (2%) failed with primary non‐function, all in infants because of graft infarction. Graft survival was significantly worse (P<0.01) in patients with a positive result to a direct cross match test against the donor. Conclusions The need for liver transplantation in Australia is approximately eight per million of population per year. More donor offers are required to prevent deaths of patients on the waiting list. Reduced‐size livers are successful for children and have alleviated considerably the critical shortage of paediatric donor livers. Successful treatment by liver transplantation can now be achieved in more than 80% of patients With non‐malignant liver disorders including those with fulminant hepatic failure not responding to conservative therapy.
V-Grooved GaAs Solar Cell (1991)

V-grooved GaAs solar photovoltaic cells increase optical coupling and greater conversion of light into electricity. Increases both trapping of incident light and lengths of optical paths in cell material. Net effect increases in total absorptivity, tolerance to damage by energetic particles, and short-circuit current. These improvements expected to follow from similar improvements obtained in silicon solar cells.
Surface Potential Simulation for Robust Electrode Placement by MRI Based Human Phantom with FEM Based Quasi-Static Solver for Bioimpedance Measurement (2019)

Estimating cardiac output (CO) and thoracic fluid content (TFC) by non-invasive measurement of thoracic electrical bioimpedance (TEB) is on the rise of becoming clinically established. Dynamic fluid management and detecting and trending excess quasi-static thoracic fluids are of particular interest to benefit the critically ill patient. While the advantages such as easy application and non-invasive assessment are intriguing, there are some challenges. In addition to artifacts due to the patient's movement, instability of the electrode-skin interfaces, the accuracy of the applied current and varying cable capacity because of motion, exact placement of electrodes - or lack thereof - must be considered. In particular the robustness of the electrode placement, i.e., the insensitivity to inaccuracy of electrode placement (actual sensor from the nominal). We propose a new technique for evaluation of electrode placement by simulation with MRI based human phantoms with FEM based quasi-static solver for bioimpedance measurement. Results: We identified alternative electrode positions which lead to an increase in robustness of bioimpedance measurements of up to 9.5 times compared to the standard electrode placement. Simulations suggested an improvement in ECG signal quality which was confirmed by a subject measurement.
Advances in osmotic opening of the blood-brain barrier to enhance CNS chemotherapy (2001)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) to water-soluble drugs and macromolecules can be opened in vivo by infusing a hypertonic solution of arabinose or mannitol into the carotid artery for 30 sec. Opening involves widening of tight junctions between endothelial cells of the cerebrovasculature and is mediated by endothelial cell shrinkage, vascular dilatation associated with removal of water from brain, and modulation of the contractile state of the endothelial cytoskeleton and junctional proteins by increased intracellular calcium. A 10-fold increase in BBB permeability to intravascular substances, lasting about 10 min following osmotic exposure, reflects both increased diffusion and bulk fluid flow from blood into brain. Furthermore, recent evidence indicates that the duration of peak BBB opening can be extended beyond 30 min, by pre-treatment with a Na(+)/Ca(2+) channel blocker. In experimental animals, the osmotic method has been used to grant wide access to brain of water-soluble drugs, peptides, antibodies, boron compounds for neutron capture therapy, viral vectors for gene therapy and enzymes. Ongoing multi-centre clinical studies suggest that the method, when used with intra-arterially administered anticancer drugs, can prolong survival in patients with malignant brain tumours, with minimal morbidity. However, controlled clinical trials are critical to see if the osmotic procedure with intra-arterial drugs enhances survival in brain tumour patients compared with intra-arterial drug alone.
Fuzzy inference for soil microbial dynamics modeling in fluctuating ecological situations (2018)

Microbial activities are the indicators of soil strength. The present study explores the development of efficient predictive modeling systems for the estimation of specific soil microbial dynamics, phosphate solubilization (PS), bacterial population (BP), and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate ACC-deaminase activity. More specifically, fuzzy c-means clustering (FCM)-FIS, Wang and Mendel’s (WM) fuzzy inference systems (FIS), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), and subtractive clustering (SC) and have been implemented with the objective to achieve the best estimation accuracy of microbial dynamics. Experimental measurements were performed using controlled pot experiment using minimal salt media. Three experimental parameters, including temperature, pH, and incubation period have been used as inputs of FCM-FIS, SC-FIS, ANFIS, and WM-FIS methods. The SC-FIS method has the best estimation accuracy for the PS (R 2 of 0.99) and BP (R 2 of 0.94) than the rest three FIS methods.
Ionization Chamber Measurements at 10 600 Feet of the Absorption of the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>N</mml:mi></mml:math>Component in Carbon and Hydrocarbon (1954)

A detector consisting of a lead-shielded ionization chamber with Geiger counters above and below the chamber is described. The charged $N$ component of energy of several tens of Bev is detected.The absorption of the charged $N$ component in carbon is much smaller than that predicted from the absorption in air. This phenomenon may be explained by the fact that $\ensuremath{\pi}$ mesons or other unstable particles which are produced in nuclear interactions can give rise to further nuclear interactions.Approximate values for the interaction mean free path of $N$ rays in carbon have been obtained. These values depend on the number of shielded counters below the ionization chamber which are struck. For zero counters discharged, the mean free path is 136\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}12 g ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ and seems to decrease as the requirement on the number of shielded counters struck is increased. The interaction mean free paths in carbon are compared to previous results in lead.The absorption of the $N$ component in oil indicates a cross section of the hydrogen nucleus much smaller than that corresponding to the range of nuclear forces.Events with large pulses from the ionization chamber or with multiple discharge of shielded counters below the chamber are more likely to be associated with the nucleonic component of extensive air showers.
Equation of State from a Phenomenological Model for the Kondo System La:Ce (1971)

Data on the temperature and field dependence of the susceptibility of La:Ce alloys are presented for temperatures $T>~0.6$\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and fields up to 50 kG. The data show that the susceptibility $\ensuremath{\chi}=cF(T,H)$, where $F$ is nearly independent of the concentration $c$. A phenomenological model predicts a susceptibility which agrees with the experimental $F(T,H)$.
AGE-REL AGE-RELATED CHANGES TO THE PROXIMAL FEMUR IN NORTHERN IRELAND (2005)

Introduction: The anatomy of the proximal femur is an important factor in the design of uncemented femoral prostheses for which the quality of fixation and the associated bony remodelling depend on the primary stability and optimal transmission of forces to the proximal femur. This study looks at the variation in the diameter of the proximal femur with age and sex in a homogeneous population. Materials and Methods: We studied standardised pre-operative antero-posterior radiographs of the proximal femur of 2,777 patients who have undergone total hip arthroplasty using a custom implant over a 10 year period. The radiographs were corrected for magnification and a measurement made of the endosteal diameter at the narrowest point of the proximal femur. These measurements were used in the design and manufacture of the custom femoral implant. Results: Of 2777 patients, 1588 were female and 1189 male. The mean age for females was 69.9 years (Range 30–92) and for males 67.2 years (Range 34–92). The mean proximal femoral canal diameter was 12.67mm for females and 13.36mm for males. The mean diameter of the proximal femur increased from 12.99mm in males less than 60 years to 13.47mm in those of over 60. This increase was not statistically significant (p-value 0.064, 95% CI). In females there was a statistically significant increase in the mean diameter from 11.38mm in the under 60 age group to 12.90mm in those over 60 ( p-value 0.000, 95% CI). Conclusions: The increase in the diameter of the proximal femur with age especially in females presents a significant challenge to the design and long-term survivability of uncemented femoral components. This is more so when viewed against the already good long term results available for cemented femoral implants.
Pharmacokinetics of naproxen overdoses (1976)

In earlier safety studies, naproxen, 600 mg three times daily, was administered to healthy subject without significant adverse effects. Another study demonstrated that single doses of 500 to 900 mg resulted in accelerated renal clearance and a nonlinear naproxen plasma level response after the higher doses. Our report describes the pharmacokinetics of naproxen when administered in single doses of 1, 2, 3, or 4 gm (up to eight times the clinically effective dose in rheumatoid arthritis) to healthy subjects. An increase in urinary excretion rate and continuation of the previously documented nonlinear plasma level response were observed. There were no signs that capacity to conjugate or to excrete the drug was exceeded. There were no adverse effects.
Serum HBsAg levels during peginterferon α‐2a treatment with or without thymosin α‐1 in HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B patients (2010)

The importance of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) level as a surrogate marker for viral load and a predictor of treatment response remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether serum HBsAg correlates with serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA during peginterferon (PEG-IFN) α-2a treatment (with or without thymosin α-1) in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B patients and whether it can predict treatment response. Sera from 37 HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients receiving 48-weeks PEG-IFN α-2a with (n = 20) or without (n = 17) an initial 12-weeks thymosin α-1 were obtained at baseline and at weeks 12, 24, 36, 48 (end of treatment), 56, 72, 84, and 96 (end of follow-up). Taqman HBV DNA tests (Roche) and Architect HBsAg QT (Abbott) were performed. There was a moderate correlation between the HBsAg and HBV DNA levels (r = 0.452, P < 0.001). Median HBsAg levels at baseline and at week 96 were 6,218 IU/ml and 4,038 IU/ml, respectively. The mean HBV DNA and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were 7.48 log(10) IU/ml and 173 IU/L at baseline and 5.37 log(10) IU/ml and 102 IU/L at week 96, respectively. A decrease to <60% of baseline levels of HBsAg at week 12 was identified as an independent predictive factor for HBeAg seroconversion (OR = 45.7, P < 0.05) at week 96. Serum HBsAg levels may be helpful for predicting the response to PEG-IFN therapy in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients.