gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Cellulose-Producing Cultures and Celluloseless Mutants of certain Acetobacter Spp. (1957)

SUMMARY: Comparative studies have been conducted with two strains of Acetobacter acetigenum (NCIB 8132, NCIB 5346), one strain of A. xylinum var. africanum (NCIB 7029) and a total of 26 celluloseless mutants obtained from these three parent cultures. In addition to the loss of ability to produce a cellulose pellicle, other consistent differences were also observed between the parent and the mutant cultures. Whereas the parent cultures oxidized ethanol to acetic acid this reaction was not observed with mutant organisms. The mutants showed (1) optimum growth in alkaline media, (2) growth in glucose yeast-extract medium in the presence of 10–12% (v/v) ethanol, (3) proteolytic activity, (4) growth at 40°, and (5) growth in yeast-extract medium; these abilities were not shown by the wild-type cultures. Variations in colony form, nutritional requirements, the ability to produce acid from certain sugars and to oxidize glycerol appeared to occur at random among the mutant cultures.
Nineteen ways of systolic matrix multiplication (1998)

In this paper, we have designed nineteen systolic arrays for matrix multiplication under the frame work of the systolic synthesis method using regular iterative algorithm (RIA) representation. Then we define different systolic array performance measures in order to evaluate the systolic designs. The performance of the designed systolic arrays is analysed in details and this allows the comparison among the different systolic designs.
Resection and reconstruction of the carotid bifurcation with polytetrafluoroethylene grafts; operative technique. Preliminary results in 25 procedures and indications. (1991)

Although carotid endarterectomy is the standard procedure, the purpose of this paper is to describe a new surgical technique and indicate its role in the surgery of cervical cerebrovascular disease. The technique consists of resection of the pathologic carotid artery bifurcation followed by its total replacement with a bifurcated thin-wall polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft constructed by the surgeon. Prosthetic graft reconstruction of the carotid bifurcation (PGRCB) was performed in 21 patients (25 procedures) from November 1984 to May 1987. Many patients were over 70 years old. The indications for surgery were transient ischemic attacks (TIA)'s in 10 patients (high-grade stenosis), established stroke with mild deficit in 3 patients (high-grade stenosis). Eight patients (high-grade stenosis) were asymptomatic and 4 had vertebro-basilar symptoms. In 11 procedures the indications were the same as for standard carotid endarterectomy (significant stenosis and/or ulcerated plaque). In 14 cases, the procedure was justified by extensive lesions involving a long segment of the internal carotid artery (2 restenoses, 12 calcified lesions). In the perioperative period, there were no deaths and no TIA's. The 25 procedures were assessed one month postoperatively by ultrasonic imaging and venous substraction angiography. All the grafts were patent with perfect restoration of the carotid bifurcation anatomy. Systematic follow-up study was carried out in 1987. Three patients had died of non-neurologic causes and one was lost to study. The remaining 19 procedures were evaluated with an average follow-up of 19 months (range 7 to 32 months). The patients were asymptomatic and all the grafts remained patent including one stenosis (greater than 50%) at the common carotid artery anastomosis. Because recent studies have documented a much higher rate of technical defects or recurrent stenosis after carotid endarterectomy, we believe that PGRCB merits consideration, particularly in difficult endarterectomies, and in recurrent carotid stenosis. Furthermore it seems acceptable to advocate PGRCB in aneurysms of the internal carotid artery and in post-irradiation arteritis.
Cortical excitability and neurology: insights into the pathophysiology. (2013)

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a technique developed to non-invasively investigate the integrity of human motor corticospinal tracts. Over the last three decades, the use of stimulation paradigms including single-pulse TMS, paired-pulse TMS, repetitive TMS, and integration with EEG and functional imaging have been developed to facilitate measurement of cortical excitability.Through the use of these protocols, TMS has evolved in-to an excellent tool for measuring cortical excitability.TMS has high sensitivity in detecting subtle changes in cortical excitability, and therefore it is also a good measure of disturbances associated with brain disorders. In this review, we appraise the current literature on cortical excitability studies using TMS in neurological disorders.We begin with a brief overview of current TMS measures and then show how these have added to our understand-ing of the underlying mechanisms of brain disorders.
Inhibitor-Stimulated Non-Parallel Pancreatic Secretion in Man: Hormonal and Neural Regulation? (1995)

The inhibitor-induced pancreatic secretion during total inhibition of tryptic activity shows a non-parallel secretion requiring different signals for different enzymes. The increase in plasma CCK levels indicates that CCK is feedback-regulated by both an inhibitor-mediated decrease in duodenal enzyme activity and a further decrease in pancreatic enzyme secretion by atropine.
<title>Direct x-ray sensing CCD array for intraoral dental x-ray imaging system</title> (1994)

A commercial prototype electronic intraoral dental x-ray imaging system employing a direct sensing CCD array has been developed. Image quality parameters were measured using x-ray sources at the National Institute of Standard and Technology radiation physical department in Gaithersburg, MD. Detector response to x-rays in the 10 to 70 keV energy range was measured. The beam hardening effects of human anatomy on a typical 70 kVp spectra was measured using a tissue-equivalent dental phantom.
Teaching large-scale image processing over worldwide network cameras (2015)

This paper presents a software system for large-scale image processing. Through this system, students may choose to analyze the images from several thousand network cameras deployed worldwide. This system allows both real-time analysis of live data or storing the data for off-line analysis. This system currently supports image processing using OpenCV-Python. The system allocates cloud instances as the computational engine and, as a result, allows users to analyze the images from many cameras simultaneously. The system demonstrates the ability to process 5,000 images from 500 cameras for lane detection in less than 2 minutes.
[Detection of bcr-abl fusion gene mRNA level in K562/A02 cell line by real-time quantitative RT-PCR]. (2011)

This study was aimed to quantitatively analyze the mRNA level of bcr-abl fusion gene in K562/A02 cell line by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RQ-RT-PCR) technique. After being cultured for a period of time, the K562/A02 cell line was collected and RNA was extracted using TRIzoL kit. The real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction technology was used to detect the level of bcr-abl fusion gene and internal reference abl gene. The results showed that a fine reproducibility was obtained between 10(7) and 10(3) copies/ml, reproducible sensitivity of RQ-RT-PCR was 10(-5). The expression of bcr-abl fusion gene in K562/A02 cells was higher and the level of bcr-abl mRNA was more than 100% in K562/A02 cells. It is concluded that RQ-RT-PCR is a reliable, sensitive and reproducible method for detecting mRNA level of bcr-abl fusion gene, which may be useful in monitoring the chronic myeloid leukemia.
Glucagon-like peptide-2 relaxes mouse stomach through vasoactive intestinal peptide release (2008)

Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) influences different aspects of the gastrointestinal function, including epithelial growth, digestion, absorption, motility, and blood flow. Intraluminal pressure from isolated mouse stomach was recorded to investigate whether GLP-2 affects gastric tone and to analyze its mechanism of action. Regional differences between diverse parts of the stomach were also examined using circular muscular strips from fundus and antrum. In the whole stomach, GLP-2 (0.3-100 nM) produced concentration-dependent relaxation with a maximum that was about 75% of relaxation to 1 microM isoproterenol (IC50=2.5 nM). This effect was virtually abolished by desensitization of GLP-2 receptors or by alpha-chymotrypsin. The relaxant response to GLP-2 was not affected by tetrodotoxin, a blocker of neuronal voltage-dependent Na+ channels, but it was significantly reduced by omega-conotoxin GVIA, a blocker of neuronal N-type voltage-operated Ca2+ channels. Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, a blocker of nitric oxide synthase, or apamin, a blocker of Ca2+-dependent potassium channels, failed to affect the gastric response to the peptide. However, the relaxation was significantly antagonized by [Lys1,Pro2,5,Arg3,4,Tyr6]VIP7-28, a vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor antagonist (GLP-2 maximum effect=45% of relaxation to 1 microM isoproterenol), and virtually abolished by desensitization of the VIP receptors. GLP-2 induced concentration-dependent relaxation in carbachol-precontracted fundic strips but not in antral strips. These results provide the first experimental evidence that GLP-2 is able to induce gastric relaxation acting peripherally on the mouse stomach. The effect appears to be mediated by prejunctional neural release of VIP and confined to fundic region.
Terahertz Technology: A Land to Be Discovered (2007)

Terahertz waves are sharpening our view of the world. Although still in the early stages of their development, terahertz technologies hold great promise for many imaging applications, including security checks of people, mail or luggage, quality control of pharmaceutical or polymeric goods, clinical diagnostics-and even the detection of contamination in chocolate products. In addition, "indoor" wireless communication with THz waves is expected to be a mass market by 2020.
Relationship between the plaque removal efficacy of a manual toothbrush and brushing force (1998)

This survey investigated the association between the efficacy of plaque removal and toothbrushing forces during a normal brushing regime. The 94 subjects participating in this study were requested not to brush 24 h prior to the experiment. Panelists brushed for 1 min with a manual toothbrush. Before and after brushing, plaque was assessed using the Turesky modification of the Quigley & Hein plaque index. A second 1-min exercise of brushing was carried out to assess the toothbrushing force. The mean plaque reduction was 39%, with vestibular surfaces being cleaned most effective (69%) and the lingual surfaces the least (21%). The mean brushing force was 330 g. No correlation was observed between efficacy and brushing force (r=0.14, p=0.16). The relationship between pre- and post-brushing plaque was stronger (r=0.68, p<0.001). Multiple regression analysis entering squared values of force as an independent variable into the equation, indicated that the relation between efficacy and force was not linear. A curve could be fitted to the plot (p=0.0004), demonstrating that up to a certain level of force, an increase of force is associated with an increase in efficacy (r=0.33, p<0.01). Beyond this point, application of higher forces resulted in reduced efficacy (r=-0.49, p=0.03). As was calculated in this particular test this 'transition' level of force was 407.4 g. The absence of a correlation between brushing force and plaque removal efficacy suggests that in a 'user model' brushing situation, other factors than brushing force are of major influence on the amount of plaque removed.
"All the better to see you with, my dear": Facial recognition and privacy in online social networks (2013)

An overview of the social and legal challenges attending facial-recognition technology use by online social networks explores ways to govern the associated privacy implications, specifically from a European data protection perspective.
Sparse and Constrained Attention for Neural Machine Translation (2018)

In NMT, words are sometimes dropped from the source or generated repeatedly in the translation. We explore novel strategies to address the coverage problem that change only the attention transformation. Our approach allocates fertilities to source words, used to bound the attention each word can receive. We experiment with various sparse and constrained attention transformations and propose a new one, constrained sparsemax, shown to be differentiable and sparse. Empirical evaluation is provided in three languages pairs.
A rice promoter containing both novel positive and negative <i>cis</i>‐elements for regulation of green tissue‐specific gene expression in transgenic plants (2007)

The tissue-specific expression of transgenes is essential in plant breeding programmes to avoid the fitness costs caused by constitutive expression of a target gene. However, knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of tissue-specific gene expression and practicable tissue-specific promoters is limited. In this study, we identified the cis-acting elements of a tissue-specific promoter from rice, P(D54O), and tested the application of original and modified P(D54O) and its cis-elements in the regulation of gene expression. P(D54O) is a green tissue-specific promoter. Five novel tissue-specific cis-elements (LPSE1, LPSE2, LPSRE1, LPSRE2, PSE1) were characterized from P(D54O). LPSE1 activated gene expression in leaf and young panicle. LPSRE2 suppressed gene expression in leaf, root, young panicle and stem, and PSE1 suppressed gene expression in young panicle and stem. LPSRE1 and LPSE2 had dual roles in the regulation of tissue-specific gene expression; both functioned as activators in leaf, but LPSRE1 acted as a repressor in stem and LPSE2 as a repressor in young panicle and root. Transgenic rice plants carrying cry1Ac encoding Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin, regulated by P(D54O), were resistant to leaf-folders, with no Cry1Ac protein found in endosperm or embryo. A reporter gene regulated by a series of truncated P(D54O) showed various tissue-specific expression patterns. Different fragments of P(D54O) fused with the constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter suppressed 35S-regulated gene expression in various tissues. P(D54O), truncated P(D54O) and the tissue-specific cis-elements provide useful tools for the regulation of tissue-specific gene expression in rice breeding programmes.
[Electrostatic air filters for dental practice]. (1975)

The filtrering effect of an electrostatic filtrattion equipment (Vortronic mod. 75) for air filtration was examined by sampling the air in a general dental practice by means of a Casella Slit Sampler for Airborne Bacteria (C. F. Casella & Co. Ltd., London). A reception, a sterilization, two treatment chairs and a resting cabinet were seperated by 180 cm high walls in a rectangular room of 33 m2 and with an air volume of approximately 80 m3. The staff including one dentist and one or two assistents worked from 8 a.m. till 4 p.m. with a 30 min. lunch break. A mean of 17 patients visited the practice every day. The electrostatic filter was placed in front of one of the treatment chairs and the slit sampler was, for one period, placed at a distance of 5 m from the filter. In the next period both filter and slit sampler were placed within 140 cm from the treatment chair. The air was sampled at noon and at 4 p.m. Micro-organisms from the air samples were cultured on blood agar by incubation at 37 degrees C for 48 hours. After incubation all colonies visible to the eye were counted. A total of 36 air samples were examined. Without filtration of the air the bacterial contamination amounted to 14 cultivable organisms per ft3 air at noon and 54 organisms per ft3 at 4 p.m. The filtration equipment proved to reduce the air contamination to 6 cultivable organisms per ft3.
Address by Mr. Zhou Tienong at the Opening Ceremony of the 2013 “Understanding and Cooperation” Dialogue (2013)

Distinguished Guests,Ladies and Gentlemen,Dear friends,On behalf of the Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU),I would like to start by extending my warmest welcome to all representatives from home and abroad,who come to attend the 2013Understanding and
Low power ROM employing dynamic threshold-voltage MOSFET (DTMOS) technique (2008)

This paper examines the performance of two 128-bit ROM circuits, implemented on Silterra 0.18u CMOS process. The first circuit is built using standard NMOS transistors, runs on 0.9V supply voltage, has gate voltage of 0.45V and consumes 102.07μW power. The second circuit is designed partly using Dynamic Threshold-Voltage MOSFET (DTMOS) transistors with the aim to minimize power consumption. It runs on 0.7V supply and has gate voltage of 0.35V. The DTMOS approach is implemented on the 128-bit ROM core and in the pull up circuit of the column decoder. The latter ROM circuit’s power consumption is 38.93μW, 61.86% less than the former, at the expenses of larger die area due to the usage of deep n-well process. The standard and DTMOST circuits have the die areas of 0.139μm2 and 0.235μm2, respectively.
Consumer expenditure structure: Analysis based on extended linear expenditure system (2022)

This study has analyzed the consumer demand and expenditure structure of commodities concerning the income of the sampled households using the Extended Linear Expenditure System Model. Budget shares and expenditure elasticities were estimated for household consumption categories allowing for a comparison of expenditure elasticities between the two seasons. Expenditure elasticities for consumer expendables, durables, and transport were highly elastic. Tradable and non-tradable non-farm goods are highly expenditure elastic indicating that an increase in household income will result in a proportionately greater increase in expenditure on it. Increased expenditure on non-tradable goods and services may stimulate local production and create new employment and enterprise opportunities, while the increased expenditure on tradable goods represents a leakage of income from the local economy. An increase in farm incomes has the potential to stimulate economic growth through the stimulation of increased local production of non-farm goods and services. Increased income will also result in increased expenditure on goods not locally produced, which means leakage of income from the local economy. Increased production is limited by factors such as insecure tenure and cash flow problems that are amplified by high transaction costs associated with obtaining credit. Better access to credit would improve cash flow problems somewhat, but transaction costs need to be lowered through the improvement of physical and institutional infrastructure. Demand-led growth needs to be strengthened with the production of goods not currently produced. Processing raw food materials into more convenient items would encourage increased local expenditure with increased income and possibly reduce the leakage of income from the local economy. The diversification into non-farm activities such as product processing requires investment and poses a risk. Insecure tenure creates a disincentive to investment as producers are not guaranteed the benefits from their investment. Public policy should focus on alleviating tenure security and institutional infrastructure to strengthen the potential for demand-led growth. These results may be valid for any underdeveloped/developing agrarian regions or economy of the globe.
Importance of an immunodominant surface-exposed loop on outer membrane protein P2 of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (1997)

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) frequently causes recurrent infections of the respiratory tract in humans. Previous indirect evidence suggested that a strain-specific immune response occurs following infection and that this immune response is directed at an immunodominant epitope on the bacterial surface. To test this hypothesis, mice and rabbits were immunized with whole cells of a strain of NTHI and the antiserum was characterized to identify the antigens to which antibodies were directed. All animals made a prominent antibody response to the loop 5 region of the P2 molecule, which is the major outer membrane protein. Rabbit serum showed complement-dependent bactericidal activity. Adsorption of the immune serum with the loop 5 fusion peptide removed bactericidal activity and also abolished reactivity to P2 detected by an immunoblot assay, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and a radioimmunoprecipitation assay. These data indicate that immunization with whole cells of NTHI results in a prominent antibody response which is directed at epitopes on the loop 5 region of the P2 molecule. Thus, a strain-specific immune response to NTHI occurs as a result of the expression of an immunodominant epitope on the P2 molecule.
Tauroursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2015)

This pilot study provides preliminary clinical data indicating that TUDCA is safe and may be effective in ALS.
EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor in advanced non-small cell lung cancer with wild-type EGFR. (2011)

e18072 Background: EGFR mutation is a predictor for response to EGFR-TKI in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In second-line setting, EGFR mutation is not the determinant for the selection of TKI. Now we discuss the efficacy of TKI in NSCLC with wild-type EGFR. Methods: All lung cancer patients treated in our cancer center between April 2005 and February 2009 were screened. Eligiblity criteria included advanced stage (stage IIIB or stage IV) or recurrent NSCLC, wild-typed EGFR and KRAS and administering gefitinib or erlotinib. Cutoff date of follow-up was the end of October 2009. Results: Fifty-one NSCLC patients (median age 61 years, range 32-85 years) in stage IV were enrolled, including male, 38; female, 13; adenocarcinoma, 36; squamous cell carcinoma, 8; large cell carcinoma, 4; adnosquamous cell carcinoma, 2; carcinoid carcinoma, 1; taking gefitinib, 17; taking erlotinib, 34. And response was PR, 2,3.9% (95%CI 0 - 9.3%); SD, 30, 58.8% (95%CI 45.3%-72.3%); PD, 19, 37.3%(95%CI 24.0%- 50.5%). Disease control rate (PR+SD) was 62.8% (95%CI 49.5%-76.0%). Overall survival was 13.4 weeks (95%CI 4.1%-22.8%). The patients were categorized based on variables of gender, performance status (PS), smoking status, prior chemotherapy, brain metastasis, pathology, rash, response and different TKI. Patients with poor PS, brain metastasis prior to TKI and mild skin rashes tended to have lower disease control rate. Univariate analysis was used to compare overall survival within each group. Three variables, i.e. PS, response and different TKI had significant influence on the overall survival. Multivariate regression analysis of overall survival confirmed that, at alpha=0.05 level, three variables, which were PS (0-1 vs 3-4, HR, 2.51, 95%CI 1.11-5.68), response (PR+SD vs PD, HR, 4.61, 95%CI 1.97-10.77) and different TKI (gefitinib vs erlotinib, HR, 2.87, 95%CI 1.31-6.29), significantly impacted the overall survival. Conclusions: For advanced NSCLC with wild-typed EGFR, the response to TKI might was influenced by PS, brain metastasis and different selection of TKI. And the above three variables probably have impact on the overall survival. However, because the research is retrospective, the selection bias may exists.
El caso de Haití. ¿Hacia un modelo de sostenibilidad en la intervención internacional? (2011)

Entrevista a Amélie GAUTHIER.