gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protein and Phosphorus Availabilities of Five Different Dietary Protein Sources in Juvenile Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) as Determined by Growth Performance and Phosphorus Retention (2003)

The present study aims to evaluate protein and phosphorus availabilities of five different dietary protein sources during the 6-week feeding trial in juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus as determined by growth performance and phosphorus retention. Five diets containing blood meal (BM), poultry by-product (PBP), squid liver powder (SLP), feather meal (FM) and soybean meal (SM) were prepared by mixing a basal diet (BD) with one of five test ingredients at the ratio of 7 to 3. As a reference diet, BD contains three different protein sources such as white fish meal, casein and gelatin. After 2 weeks of the conditioning period, fish initially averaging 2.70.02g (meanSD) were randomly distributed into each aquarium as a group of 30 fish reared in the recirculating system. Fish of triplicate groups were fed one of six experimental diets (BD+five test diet). After 6-week feeding trial, pro- tein efficency ratio (PER) of fish fed BM diet was the lowest in experiment groups. While fish fed PBP diet showed a significant higher PER as compared to the FM diet, and fish fed SLP diet and BD were a higher PER than did fish fed PBP diet. However, there was no significant difference in PER among fish fed SLP diet, BD and SM diet, and between SM diet and PBP diet. Phosphorus retention efficiency of bone (PR ) of fish fed BM diet was the lowest in all the diets, and fish fed FM diet showed a higher PE than fish fed BD and SM diet. However, there was no significant difference in PER among fish fed FM diet, SLP diet and PBP diet, and among SLP diet, PBP diet, SM diet and BD. These results indicate that SLP could be a suitable protein source for low pollution diets of olive flounder in the future fish feeds market. Furthermore, PBP and SM are available protein source to reduce P waste in the oliver flounder aquaculture with the use of proper mixture of other protein sources and more processing to improve protein availibility of these.ese.
The Isochronal Testing of Oil Wells (1973)

Abstract This paper presents the results and methods of analyzing isochronal and flow after flow multipoint back-pressure tests conducted on oil wells. Tests were conducted in reservoirs with permeabilities ranging from 6 MD to &gt;1000 MD. Reservoirs in which oil well multipoint back-pressure tests were obtained ranged from highly undersaturated, to saturated at initial reservoir pressure, to a partially depleted field with a gas saturation existing above the critical. Each of these three reservoir fluid states can result in different interpretation methods. Back-pressure tests were run to pseudo-steady state in the field where the saturation was above the critical gas saturation. In all cases, oil well back-pressure tests curves were found to follow the same general form as that used to express the rate-pressure relationship of a gas well:Equation From some 40 oil well back-pressure tests examined, the exponent n was found to lie between 0.568 and 1.000, very near the limits commonly accepted for gas well back-pressure curves. Flow point alignment to establish an oil well back-pressure curve on the customary log qo vs. log Î"(p2) plot is considered to be as good as that obtained on gas well back-pressure tests. This paper demonstrates that gas wells and oil wells behave very similarly and should be tested and analyzed using the same basic flow equations. Introduction Multipoint back-pressure testing of gas wells is an accepted procedure for establishing a gas well's performance curve. Flow after flow1 and isochronal2 testing are the two basic methods commonly used. In high permeability reservoirs, either method can be employed. In low permeability reservoirs, the Isochronal method of testing eliminates the transient effects that can severely distort the results obtained from a flow after flow test. Methods for analyzing and calculating gas well performance curves have been the subject of numerous investigations. The bulk of these investigations have examined non-Darcy flow behavior, the primary reason that multipoint tests are conducted.
Efficient Feature Selection via Analysis of Relevance and Redundancy (2004)

Feature selection is applied to reduce the number of features in many applications where data has hundreds or thousands of features. Existing feature selection methods mainly focus on finding relevant features. In this paper, we show that feature relevance alone is insufficient for efficient feature selection of high-dimensional data. We define feature redundancy and propose to perform explicit redundancy analysis in feature selection. A new framework is introduced that decouples relevance analysis and redundancy analysis. We develop a correlation-based method for relevance and redundancy analysis, and conduct an empirical study of its efficiency and effectiveness comparing with representative methods.
Serum magnesium in women during pregnancy, while taking contraceptives, and after menopause. (1987)

Mean serum magnesium values with one standard deviation are presented for 224 women during pregnancy and 1559 women taking birth control pills, with 4145 women, aged 15-49 years, as controls. In addition, similar data are presented for 2,884 women, aged 50-74 years, after menopause. All these women were surveyed in the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the United States of America, 1971-1974 (NHANES I). Information on use of birth control pills is based on two questions taken from the NHANES I medical history interview. Pregnant women had significantly lower serum magnesium values than controls (nonpregnant and no birth control pills), regardless of age or race. Women on the pill also showed significantly lower serum magnesium values than other nonpregnant women of similar age, but the differences were much smaller than those between pregnant women and controls. Women older than 50 years (postmenopausal women) had significantly higher serum magnesium values than premenopausal women. These findings are compared with similar findings from other studies in the United States and other parts of the world.
Seventeenth-Century English Literature (1987)

'...helpful and enjoyable ...' - Church Times This is the first comprehensive one-volume history of seventeenth-century English literature, its major literary movements, influences, genres, and styles. The various periods of seventeenth-century English literature are distinguished and the literature is set within its political, cultural and scientific contexts.
Biosynthetic origin of syringomycin and syringopeptin 22, toxic secondary metabolites of the phytopathogenic bacterium <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. <i>syringae</i><sup>1</sup> (1999)

The biosynthesis of syringomycin (SR) and syringopeptin 22 (SP22), bioactive lipodepsipeptides of the phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, was studied by feeding (14)C-labeled precursors to chloramphenicol-containing bacterial suspensions. The preferential sites of incorporation were determined by comparing the specific activities of the intact radiolabeled metabolites and their single structural elements, obtained by hydrolytic degradation followed by derivatization and isolation by high performance liquid chromatography. The results show that, upon feeding L-[(14)C(U)]-Thr, 35.0 and 31.0% of the SR radioactivity is retained in 2,3-dehydro-2-aminobutyric acid (Dhb) and 4-chlorothreonine (Thr(4-Cl)), respectively. L-[(14)C(U)]-Asp labels the same sites, though less efficiently, and is also incorporated in 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab) and 3-hydroxyaspartic acid (Asp(3-OH)). Dhb is also labeled by Thr and Asp in SP22. These are the first data on the biosynthetic origin of the modified residues in P. syringae lipopeptides.
A Monte Carlo Investigation of Electron Backscattering (2001)

Kearsley's, Haider's and Frujinoiu's cavity expressions depend upon the existence of reliable data on electron backscattering in different media. These data are not available in the literature. By using MCNP, backscatter distributions and their saturation values were obtained for electron beams with energies between 0.1 MeV and 9 MeV traversing different materials such as polyethylene, solid water, lithium fluoride, aluminium, copper and lead. The data obtained using MCNP show that electron backscatter probability most strongly depends on the scatterer's effective atomic number and electron energy. Backscatter probability becomes less dependent on energy and is mostly a function of the effective atomic number of the scatterer for electron energies below 0.5 MeV. For low atomic number materials MCNP data suggest that the backscatter saturation values are distributed linearly with the effective atomic number of the scatterer for all energies investigated.
Mutations at Alternative 5′ Splice Sites of M1 mRNA Negatively Affect Influenza A Virus Viability and Growth Rate (2008)

Different amino acid sequences of influenza virus proteins contribute to different viral phenotypes. However, the diversity of the sequences and its impact on noncoding regions or splice sites have not been intensively studied. This study focuses on the sequences at alternative 5' splice sites on M1 mRNA. Six different mutations at the splice sites were introduced, and viral growth characteristics for those mutants generated by reverse genetics with 12 plasmids were examined, for which G12C (the G-to-C mutation at the first nucleotide of the intron for the mRNA3 5' splice site), C51G (at the 3' end of the exon of the M2 mRNA 5' splice site), and G146C (for the first nucleotide of the intron for mRNA4) are lethal mutations. On the other hand, mutants with the mutation G11C (at the 3' end of exon of the mRNA3 5' splice site), G52C (for the first nucleotide of the intron for M2 mRNA), or G145A (at the 3' end of the exon of mRNA4) were rescued, although they had significantly attenuated growth rates. Notably, these mutations did not change any amino acids in M1 or M2 proteins. The levels of precursor (M1 mRNA) and spliced products (M2 mRNA, mRNA3, and mRNA4) from the recombinant mutant virus-infected cells were further analyzed. The production levels of mRNA3 in cells infected with G11C, G52C, and G145A mutant viruses were reduced in comparison with that in wild-type recombinant virus-infected ones. More M2 mRNA was produced in G11C mutant virus-infected cells than in wild-type-virus-infected cells, and there was little M2 mRNA and none at all in G145A and G52C mutant virus-infected ones, respectively. Results obtained here suggest that introducing these mutations into the alternative 5' splice sites disturbed M1 mRNA splicing, which may attenuate viral growth rates.
Regulation of MDR-1 (P-glycoprotein) by Cyclooxygenase-2 (2002)

Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), an inducible form of the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the synthesis of prostanoids, has been shown to be overexpressed in a wide range of tumors and possesses proangiogenic and antiapoptotic properties. To understand the molecular mechanism of Cox-2 action we used adenovirus-mediated transfer of rat Cox-2 cDNA into renal rat mesangial cells and determined the differential gene expression using cDNA microarrays. One of the several genes that were highly up-regulated by over expressed Cox-2 was MDR1. MDR1 or P-glycoprotein (P-gp), the product of the MDR1 gene, is implicated as the primary cause of multidrug resistance (MDR) in tumors where it acts as an efflux pump for chemotherapeutic agents. It is also expressed in normal tissues of the liver and kidney where it functions to actively transport lipophilic xenobiotics. Reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis confirmed the results of the microarray, showing increased mRNA levels for MDR1 in Cox-2 overexpressing cells. This increase in mRNA translated to an increase in MDR1 protein expression, which was dose-dependent on Cox-2 expression. Furthermore, using rhodamine 123 efflux assay we observed a significant increase in P-gp activity in Cox-2 overexpressing renal mesangial cells. The specific Cox-2 inhibitor NS398 was able to block the Cox-2-mediated increase in MDR1 expression and activity, suggesting that Cox-2 products may be implicated in this response. These results prove the existence of a causal link between Cox-2 and P-gp activity, which would have implications for kidney function and multidrug resistance in tumors where Cox-2 is overexpressed.
Mode spectrum of waveguides using a transverse S-matrix resonance method (2003)

An S-matrix representation of longitudinal discontinuities is used to investigate the mode spectrum of waveguides. The numerical advantages and disadvantages of the method are described. As an example, field plots for the first modes of a T-septum guide are shown. Monomode bandwidth characteristics for a simple T-septum guide are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Abscisic Acid Raises the Permeability of Plant Cells to Water (1971)

A number of recent observations have indicated a role for ab- scisic acid in maintaining water balance. Treatment with ABA re- duces the transpiration rate Furthermore, water stress leads to a sig- nificant increase in ABA concentration in leaves (5, 7). On the other hand, ABA increases the rate of root exudation (6).
Effect of Lime, Sulfur, and Molybdenum on N2 Fixation and Yield of Dark Red Kidney Beans<sup>1</sup> (1974)

Abstract Symbiotic nitrogen fixation by the Rhizobium ‐legume association of fieldbeans does not provide sufficient nitrogen for optimum yield under Michigan growing conditions. Consequently, an average of 44.8 kg/ha (40 lbs/A) of supplemental nitrogen is applied to these legume crops each year. This results in a sizeable investment for the growers and also increases the potential for N loss by leaching and runoff. The purpose of this study was to determine whether lime, S, and/or Mo might be limiting N 2 fixation and bean yield of dark red kidney beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the field. Two acid sandy soils 40.2 km (25 miles) apart, N‐S direction, suspected of being deficient in S and Mo, were selected for this study. Lime rates (0, 2,800, and 5,600 kg/ha), S rates (0 and 45 kg/ha), and Mo rates (0 and .07 kg/ha) were compared in a factorial design. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation was measured by the acetylene reduction assay. Soil samples were collected and bean yields were recorded. Sulfur increased nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction activity) nearly 60%. The lime and Mo treatments had little influence on nodule activity. The average yield of beans was increased 10% by the 2,800 kg/ha lime rate and 26% by the 5,600 kg/ha lime rate. The Mo seed treatment reduced yield 7%. Yield response to S was 26% at the zero lime rate, 12% at the 2,800 kg/ha lime rate, and 10% at the 5,600 kg/ha lime rate. Soil test results showed that lime increased the amount of available S in the soil. These data suggest that lime and S are limiting bean yield on certain acid sandy soils in Michigan. It also appears that where soils are S deficient symbiotic nitrogen fixation is being restricted.
41.1: <i>Invited Paper</i> : LTPS Technology for Improving the Uniformity of AMOLEDs (2007)

Abstract We have evaluated various compensation techniques to improve the brightness uniformity of AMOLEDs fabricated by excimer laser crystallization. Every method has some limitations in terms of performance and cost in case that compensation functions are implemented in pixel arrays. Recently, we have developed a new compensation technique of which function is implemented in the driving IC chip instead of pixel arrays. In addition, we have also developed a novel solid phase crystallization (a‐SPC) process so that both the uniformity of display and the fabrication cost performance can be enhanced. A 20.1‐in. sized AMOLED has been successfully demonstrated by this novel crystallization technology.
Effects of warehouse types and packaging methods on the quality of potatoes after wound-healing. (2007)

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of warehouse types (semi-underground warehouse and improved warehouse) and packaging methods (PP-bag and P-container) on the quality in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L) during storage period. Total sugar contents were approximately 1% after 4 weeks in the semi-underground warehouse, and sharply increased by 4% after 20 weeks. However, those in the improved warehouse were about 3% after 4 weeks, and did not show conspicuous change for storage. On the other hand, a curing treatment and packaging methods had no influence on the total sugar contents. The hardness was higher in the curing treatment than in the control, but there was no difference in the warehouse types and packaging methods. The weight loss was significantly higher in the semi-underground warehouse than in the improved warehouse. On the other hand, it in the semi-underground warehouse was somewhat higher in the control and the P-container than in the curing treatment and the PP-bag, respectively. Also, it in the improved warehouse was rather high in the P-container, but it was not influenced by curing treatment. The decay rate in the improved warehouse was remarkably lower than in the semi-underground warehouse, and it was also low in the curing treatment and P-container when compared to the control and PP-bag. Accordingly, wound-healed potatoes must be packaged with P-container and stored in the improved warehouse to maintain quality of potatoes for storage.
Aberrant Processing of Polyphenol Oxidase in a Variegated Grapevine Mutant (1992)

Bruce's Sport is a mutant grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) with green and white variegated fruit derived from the Sultana variety. The white regions of tissue have decreased polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity resulting in a reduced capacity for browning. Active PPO from Sultana grapes was purified and had an apparent molecular weight of 40,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Western blots indicated that mature Sultana grapes contained a single 40-kilodalton PPO, and young Sultana berries also had small quantities of a 60-kilodalton protein. Bruce's Sport grapes had much less of the 40-kilodalton PPO and greater amounts of the 60-kilodalton band. Protease digestion of Bruce's Sport extracts decreased the proportion of the 60-kilodalton protein and increased the 40-kilodalton band. A cDNA clone of grape PPO was used to probe a northern blot of Sultana and Bruce's Sport RNA and hybridized to a 2.2-kilobase transcript in both grapevines. The level of PPO mRNA was high in the early stages of berry development but then declined. The results suggest that in grapevine the active 40-kilodalton form of PPO is synthesized as a precursor protein of at least 60 kilodaltons, and normal processing is interrupted in Bruce's Sport resulting in the accumulation of the 60-kilodalton inactive preform of PPO.
Analysis of a Wire Antenna in the Presence of Sphere (1980)

An integro-differential equation is formulated for the problem of a thin-wire antenna in the presence of a sphere, and this equation is solved by the method of moments. The analysis is valid for an arbitrarily oriented and positioned wire relative to the sphere which may be either a perfect conductor or may be any simple homogeneous material. Input admittance of the wire antenna near a conducting sphere is determined from computed wire current and is corroborated by measured values of admittance. Also presented are calculated radiation patterns for the antenna/sphere structure.
What are Bayesian filtering and smoothing? (2013)

The term optimal filtering traditionally refers to a class of methods that can be used for estimating the state of a time-varying system which is indirectly observed through noisy measurements. The term optimal in this context refers to statistical optimality. Bayesian filtering refers to the Bayesian way of formulating optimal filtering. In this book we use these terms interchangeably and always mean Bayesian filtering.
Design and develop a concentric core optical fiber (1982)

Concentric core optical fibers were developed for operation at 0.85 micron and 1.3 microns. The fibers were characterized for cross-sectional geometry, numerical aperture, attenuation, crosstalk and dispersion. (Author)
Imagesemantics: User-Generated Metadata, Content Based Retrieval & Beyond (2020)

With the advent of Web 2.0 technologies a new attitude towards processing contents in the Internet has emerged. Nowadays it is a lot easier to create, share and retrieve multimedia contents on the Web. However, with the increasing amount in contents retrieval becomes more challenging and often leads to inadequate search results. One main reason is that image clustering and retrieval approaches usually stick either solely to the images' low-level features or their user-generated tags (high-level features). However, this is frequently inappropriate since the "real" semantics of an image can only be derived from the combination of low-level and high-level features. Consequently, we investigated a more holistic view on image semantics based on a system called Imagesemantics. This system combines MPEG-7 descriptions for low-level content-based retrieval features and MPEG-7 keywords by a machine learning approach producing joined OWL rules. The rule base is used in Imagesemantics to improve retrieval results.
Synthesis and Characterization of Acrylamide-Based Anionic Copolymer and Investigation of Solution Properties (2014)

The copolymer of acrylamide (AM) and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) was synthesized through radical solution polymerization by potassium persulfate as initiator. By changing the AMPS feed ratio from 10 to 70%, and keeping other reaction conditions constant, different copolymers were synthesized. The techniques of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H- 13 C-NMR) spectroscopy were used for identification of functional groups and confirmation of copolymers’ structure. Intrinsic and apparent viscosity of samples were measured in aqueous sodium chloride solution under standard conditions. The anionic degree of copolymers was determined by back titration method and by 13 C-NMR spectroscopy. Molecular weight of copolymers was determined by the Mark-Houwink relationship. The measured molecular weight of samples showed that we have acquired a high molecular weight product. The effect of different range of shear rates on solution viscosity was evaluated. The copolymer solutions showed non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior. The performance of copolymers with respect to shear resistance and molecular weight was evaluated from industry application standpoint.
About Congenital Bilateral Abducens and Facialis Palsy (2008)

A 50-year-old man, F.W., presented to the medical outpatient clinic of the University of Leipzig on July 18th, 1887 with palsy of both hands. He reported that he used to be a mason, but that for th...
Half the dystrophin gene is apparently enough for a mild clinical course: confirmation of its potential use for gene therapy (1994)

The largest in-frame deletion in the dystrophin gene previously reported in a BMD patient encompasses exons 17 to 48, which corresponds to 46% of the coding region. Here we report a larger deletion of exons 13 to 48 in a 37 year-old BMD patient with a mild phenotype. Such deletion, which corresponds to 50% of the coding region is the largest reported so far associated with a benign clinical course. Dystrophin assessment (through immunofluorescence and Western blot) using antibodies against different regions of the dystrophin was concordant with his deletion. The observation of this patient has important implication for gene therapy trials based on minigenes, since it confirms that deletions of up to 66% of the rod domain are compatible with a mild phenotype.