gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance virtualization and qos in shared storage systems (2008)

To handle the growing demands of data intensive applications, storage consolidation is becoming an attractive organizational paradigm. The benefits of consolidation include universal data access, sharing among users, flexibility in allocation and provisioning, and economies of centralized infrastructure management. While high-end storage arrays deliver high performance and reliability, they generally lack support for providing quality of service (QoS) guarantees. Providing best effort service alone may no longer be sufficient in future shared storage systems serving diverse client workloads. Consequently, there is a growing need for storage systems to provide mechanisms for isolating applications from each other and providing differentiated QoS to them based on their needs. 
Existing approaches for QoS provisioning in storage servers fall into three different categories: (1) Bandwidth allocation mechanisms, (2) Time slicing at the devices, and (3) Control theoretic approaches. However all of these approaches have shortcomings that discourage their practical use. The challenges include dealing with bursty workloads, access locality, variable workload-dependent server capacity, and the impact of fairness mechanisms on overall throughput. 
This dissertation makes two major contributions towards making QoS in storage systems a reality and bridging the gap between theory and practice. First, we provide algorithms with stronger performance guarantees, robust behavior, and ability to handle storage specific issues such as bursts and variable capacity. Second, we provide a framework to evaluate and improve I/O efficiency of QoS mechanisms. 
Towards the first goal, we propose pClock, which has several benefits over existing approaches, namely (i) ability to handle bursts in workloads (ii) de-coupling bandwidth and latency allocation (iii) allocating spare capacity to background jobs in large chunks thereby increasing efficiency. To handle the variable system capacity of storage systems, we propose the Reservation Based Fair Queuing (RBFQ) algorithm, that guarantees a certain reserved capacity to each application, while allocating the remaining capacity in a proportionate manner. We also adapt RBFQ to work in distributed storage systems such as FAB [SFV+04] and IceCube [W +06]. The algorithm provides global bandwidth in proportion to application weights while avoiding starvation at any resource. 
QoS and efficiency are two strongly opposing forces when it comes to sharing of I/O devices, and it is a challenge to achieve both simultaneously. We explore this trade off in further detail, and propose an adaptive algorithm for improving the I/O efficiency of fair schedulers. We show the robustness of our model by analysis and by implementing and evaluating the algorithms on real systems.
Theoretical Analysis of Turbulent Mixing of Reactive Gases With Application to Supersonic Combustion of Hydrogen (1962)

The turbulent mixing of an axisymmetric jet of a reactive gas is considered. By assuming a convenient model for the compressible eddy viscosity, the momentum equation is reduced to a form amenable to approximate solution. The resulting velocity distribution in both incompressible and compressible flows is in reasonable agreement with experiment. The usual assumptions with respect to chemical behavior, namely either frozen or equilibrium flow, and to unity Lewis numbers and Prandtl number are employed. The theoretical results for chemical equilibrium are shown to be in reasonable agreement with experimental data from low speed hydrogen flames. A numerical example of interest in connection with a hypersonic, air breathing vehicle is carried out in detail.
Light microscopy and magnetic resonance characterization of a DMSA-coated magnetic fluid in mice (2002)

Light microscopy and magnetic resonance were used to investigate the biodistribution of magnetite nanoparticles coated with dimercaptosuccinic acid, after intravenous injection of a single dose in mice. Morphological analysis showed a huge amount of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in the lung 30 min after injection. In contrast to the lung, morphological analysis revealed lower concentration of MNPs in the liver. A progressive decrease of MNPs in both lung and liver was observed from 30 min to 4 hours after intravenous injection. MNPs were not observed in any other organs using morphological analysis. In support of the LM observations MR signals were detected in both lung and liver as early as 5 min after injection. In addition, no MR signal was observed in the blood stream as early as 5 min after injection of the single dose.
Respiratory Blur in 3D Coronary MR Imaging (1995)

3D MR imaging of coronary arteries has the potential to provide both high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio, but it is very susceptible to respiratory artifacts, especially respiratory blurring. Resolution loss caused by respiratory blurring in 3D coronary imaging is analyzed theoretically and verified experimentally. Under normal respiration, the width for any Gaussian point spread function is increased to a new value that is at least several millimeters (about 3-4 mm). In vivo studies were performed to compare respiratory pseudo-gated 3D acquisition with breath-hold 2D acquisition. On average, the overall quality of a pseudo-gated 3D image is worse than that of the corresponding breath-hold 2D image (P = 0.005). In most cases, respiratory blur caused coronary arteries in pseudo-gated 3D data to have lower resolution than in breath-hold 2D data.
pH-dependent structural changes of helix 69 from <i>Escherichia coli</i> 23S ribosomal RNA (2008)

Helix 69 in 23S rRNA is a region in the ribosome that participates in a considerable number of RNA-RNA and RNA-protein interactions. Conformational flexibility is essential for such a region to interact and accommodate protein factors at different stages of protein biosynthesis. In this study, pH-dependent structural and stability changes were observed for helix 69 through a variety of spectroscopic techniques, such as circular dichroism spectroscopy, UV melting, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In Escherichia coli 23S rRNA, helix 69 contains pseudouridine residues at positions 1911, 1915, and 1917. The presence of these pseudouridines was found to be essential for the pH-induced conformational changes. Some of the pH-dependent changes appear to be localized to the loop region of helix 69, emphasizing the importance of the highly conserved nature of residues in this region.
Purification, crystallization, and preliminary X-ray data for porcine fumarase. (1986)

Single crystals of fumarase purified from pig heart have been prepared from solutions containing polyethylene glycol. The crystals give diffraction data corresponding to Bragg spacings of 2.0 A and contain a single subunit of the enzyme in the asymmetric unit of the C222 unit cell. Therefore, the subunits of this tetrameric molecule are arranged with the point symmetry group 222. The present purification scheme and studies of the NH2-terminal amino acid sequences suggest that only a single form of the enzyme is present, and it is thought to be the mitochondrial enzyme.
Discovery of Oral VEGFR-2 Inhibitors with Prolonged Ocular Retention That Are Efficacious in Models of Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2015)

The benefit of intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy in treating wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is well established. Identification of VEGFR-2 inhibitors with optimal ADME properties for an ocular indication provides opportunities for dosing routes beyond intravitreal injection. We employed a high-throughput in vivo screening strategy with rodent models of choroidal neovascularization and iterative compound design to identify VEGFR-2 inhibitors with potential to benefit wet AMD patients. These compounds demonstrate preferential ocular tissue distribution and efficacy after oral administration while minimizing systemic exposure.
Characterization of serotonin receptors in the iris + ciliary body of the albino rabbit (1987)

Experiments were undertaken to determine if serotonin (5-HT) radioligand binding sites were present in a membrane fraction of iris + ciliary body from adult, albino rabbits. The total binding of 3H-5-HT, 3H-spiroperidol (SPI) and 3H-ketanserin (KET), all at 2 nM, was determined in the absence and in the presence of ketanserin, mianserin, methysergide or 5-methoxytryptamine (5-MT), all at 1 microM. Except for ketanserin, which displaced 15% of 3H-KET binding, none of the agents altered 3H-SPI or 3H-KET binding. Reductions of 12% and 14% in 3H-5-HT binding were achieved by ketanserin and mianserin, respectively. In contrast, methysergide and 5-MT displaced 3H-5-HT binding by 57% and 56%, respectively. 5-HT (1 microM) also displaced 3H-5-HT binding by approximately 60% and this was used to measure nonspecific binding. Specific binding of 3H-5-HT was saturable and of high affinity with one population of binding sites being labelled. Kd and Bmax values of 1.1 nM and 57.8 fmoles/mg protein were obtained. Seven 5-HT antagonists possessing various affinities for 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 binding sites were assessed for their ability to displace specific 3H-5-HT binding. Ketanserin was the least potent (Ki greater than 3 microM). In contrast, the respective Ki values for metergoline and methysergide were 13 nM and 20 nM. These observations indicate the presence of 5-HT1 binding sites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A maximal-information color to gray conversion method for document images: Toward an optimal grayscale representation for document image binarization (2013)

A novel method to convert color/multi-spectral images to gray-level images is introduced to increase the performance of document binarization methods. The method uses the distribution of the pixel data of the input document image in a color space to find a transformation, called the dual transform, which balances the amount of information on all color channels. Furthermore, in order to reduce the intensity variations on the gray output, a color reduction preprocessing step is applied. Then, a channel is selected as the gray value representation of the document image based on the homogeneity criterion on the text regions. In this way, the proposed method can provide a luminance-independent contrast enhancement. The performance of the method is evaluated against various images from two databases, the ICDAR'03 Robust Reading, the KAIST and the DIBCO'09 datasets, subjectively and objectively with promising results. The ground truth images for the images from the ICDAR'03 Robust Reading dataset have been created manually by the authors.
[Human chorionic gonadotropin and its subunits in normal and pathologic pregnancies]. (1984)

Improved sensitivity and specificity of radioimmunoassays (RIAs) for hCG, hCG alpha and hCG beta have allowed measurements of these substances to become a powerful diagnostic aid applicable to several clinical disorders of pregnancy. In threatened abortion of the 1st trimester, the doubling time of hCG concentrations is significantly slower than in early normal pregnancies. Low levels of hCG are uniformly encountered in case of impending abortion. The overall predictive value of hCG determinations is 75-97%, whereas the predictive value of hCG alpha and hCG beta levels 88%. In patients progressing slowly to inevitable abortion, an increase in hCG alpha and/or the ratio hCG alpha: hCG is frequently observed. In ectopic pregnancies, sensitive new-generation tube tests and RIAs can detect urine or serum hCG in almost 100% of the cases. Abnormally low levels of hCG are encountered in about 85% of the patients. A significant increase in the ratio hCG alpha: hCG is observed. Toxemia of pregnancy is abided by significantly higher maternal levels of serum hCG, hCG alpha and hCG beta and by a lower ratio hPL: hCG than in normal pregnancies, or pregnancies complicated by isolated or chronic hypertension. It is concluded that in the above-mentioned pathological conditions of pregnancy, hCG is a reliable trophoblastic marker and that, additionally, hCG alpha could prove to be an index of chronic placental hypoxia.
Evaluation of Real-time Ultrasound and Carcass Characteristics for Assessing Carcass Composition in Swine (1997)

Results of this study indicate that correlations between real-time ultrasound loin depth and carcass loin muscle area and between carcass loin depth and carcass loin muscle area are high. However, using carcass loin muscle area as the true value, the standard error of prediction for real-time ultrasound loin muscle area was lower than those for loin muscle areas predicted from either real-time ultrasound loin depth or carcass loin depth. Real-time ultrasound and carcass depth or length or a combination thereof is a less accurate predictor of carcass loin muscle area than simply real-time ultrasound loin muscle area alone.
The vesicular stomatitis virus-based Ebola virus vaccine: From concept to clinical trials (2018)

The devastating Ebola virus (EBOV) epidemic in West Africa in 2013-2016 accelerated the progress of several vaccines and antivirals through clinical trials, including the replication-competent vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine expressing the EBOV glycoprotein (VSV-EBOV). Extensive preclinical testing in animal models demonstrated the prophylactic and post-exposure efficacy of this vaccine, identified the mechanism of protection, and suggested it was safe for human use. Based on these data, VSV-EBOV was extensively tested in phase 1-3 clinical trials in North America, Europe and Africa. Although some side effects of vaccination were observed, these clinical trials showed that the VSV-EBOV was safe and immunogenic in humans. Moreover, the data supported the use of VSV-EBOV as an emergency vaccine in individuals at risk for Ebola virus disease. In this review, we summarize the results of the extensive preclinical and clinical testing of the VSV-EBOV vaccine.
Evaluation of Two Commercial Broth Microdilution Methods Using Different Interpretive Criteria for the Detection of Molecular Mechanisms of Acquired Azole and Echinocandin Resistance in Four Common <i>Candida</i> Species (2020)

The abilities of the new Vitek 2 AST-YS08 (YS08) and Sensititre YeastOne (SYO) systems to detect the resistances of <i>Candida</i> isolates to azoles and echinocandins were evaluated. In total, 292 isolates, including 28 <i>Candida albicans</i> (6 Erg11 and 2 Fks mutants), 57 <i>Candida parapsilosis</i> (26 Erg11 mutants), 24 <i>Candida tropicalis</i> (10 Erg11 and 1 Fks mutants), and 183 <i>Candida glabrata</i> (39 Pdr1 and 13 Fks mutants) isolates, were tested. The categorical agreements (CAs) between the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) method and YS08 fluconazole MICs obtained using clinical breakpoints were 92.4% (<i>C. albicans</i>), 96.5% (<i>C. parapsilosis</i>), and 87.0% (<i>C. tropicalis</i>), and the CAs between the CLSI and SYO MICs were 92.3% (<i>C. albicans</i>), 77.2% (<i>C. parapsilosis</i>), 100% (<i>C. tropicalis</i>), and 98.9% (<i>C. glabrata</i>). For <i>C. glabrata</i>, the CAs with the CLSI micafungin MICs were 92.4% and 55.5% for the YS08 micafungin and caspofungin MICs, respectively; they were 100%, 95.6%, and 98.9% for the SYO micafungin, caspofungin, and anidulafungin MICs, respectively. YS08 does not provide fluconazole data for <i>C. glabrata</i>; the CA with the CLSI fluconazole MIC was 97.8% for the YS08 voriconazole MIC, using an epidemiological cutoff value (ECV) of 0.5 μg/ml. Increased CAs with the CLSI MIC were observed for the YS08 MIC using CLSI ECVs (for fluconazole and <i>C. tropicalis</i>, 100%; for micafungin and <i>C. glabrata</i>, 98.9%) and for the SYO MIC using method-specific ECVs (for fluconazole and <i>C. parapsilosis</i>, 91.2%; for caspofungin and <i>C. glabrata</i>, 98.9%). Therefore, the YS08 and SYO systems may have different abilities to detect mechanisms of azole and echinocandin resistance in four <i>Candida</i> species; the use of method-specific ECVs may improve the performance of both systems.
Effect of alloying with Mo and Ti on the corrosion and mechanical properties of high-chromium superferritic steel (1987)

The authors investigated the mechanical and corrosion properties of high-chromium steel (25 wt.% Cr) particularly free of deleterious impurities (C + N < 0.02 wt.%), the so-called superferrites, additionally alloyed with 1-4% Ti or 1-2% Mo. The article shows that in principle it is possible and advantageous to alloy superferrites with titanium (1-2%). It was established that Ti and Mo reduce the corrosion rate of steel in solutions of H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ and HCl in a broad temperature range. Steel alloyed with Mo (1-2%) or Ti (1-2%) is less prone to pitting in solution of FeCl/sub 3/ than steel 01Kh25TB (the initial unalloyed one) and a number of other industrial steels. An addition of 1% Ti greatly improves the technological properties of steel 01Kh25.
A New Analysis of the Microstructure of Ni‐Based Single‐Crystal Superalloys: Relevant Topological Parameters for Efficient Microstructural Modeling (2016)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Topological Parameters Phase Field Model Result and Discussion Conclusion and Prospects References
Characterization of lamprin, an unusual matrix protein from lamprey cartilage. Implications for evolution, structure, and assembly of elastin and other fibrillar proteins. (1993)

Lamprin, an insoluble non-collagen, non-elastin protein, is the major connective tissue component of the fibrillar extracellular matrix of lamprey annular cartilage. Here we demonstrate that the soluble monomer of lamprin is a family of highly hydrophobic, self-aggregating proteins with molecular masses of 12 and 10 kDa. Two mRNAs for soluble lamprin were identified (0.9 and 2 kilobases), differing principally in the length of their 3'-untranslated tails. Variants of soluble lamprin appear to arise both as the products of multiple genes and by alternate splicing. Although not generally homologous to any other protein, soluble lamprins contain a tandemly repeated peptide sequence (GGLGY) which is present in both silkmoth chorion proteins and spider dragline silk. Strong homologies to this repeat sequence are also present in several mammalian and avian elastins. Monoclonal antibodies to VGVAPG, a repeated sequence in human elastin, also cross-react with lamprin. We suggest that these proteins share a structural motif which promotes self-aggregation and fibril formation in proteins through interdigitation of hydrophobic side chains in beta-sheet/beta-turn structures, a motif that has been preserved in recognizable form over several hundred million years of evolution.
MEMS-based humidity sensors with integrated temperature sensors for signal drift compensation (2004)

Humidity sensing is essential in such fields as environmental control, process monitoring and biomedical analysis. A microfabricated humidity sensor is developed which uses a nitride/silicon microstructure suspended at a small distance above the surface of a glass substrate as the movable electrode of a capacitor and thin-film platinum resistors as temperature sensing elements. The suspending structure is coated with polyimide - a vapor-absorbent polymer film. Moisture-dependent bending of the micro-cantilever is caused by the variation of humidity. The measured capacitance between the micro suspending structure and the substrate is changed. The humidity sensor is integrated with a platinum resistor as a micro temperature detector for compensation of the capacitance signal drift caused by temperature. A low hysteresis value is indicated at high relative humidity. Because of the large electrode area on the microcantilever tip and the low stiffness of the microcantilever, a high degree of sensitivity is also attained. The relative humidity and calibrated capacitance/resistance is documented and both of the simulated and experimental samples indicate a high stability and a high degree of linearity. The average time constant of the proposed microcantilever-based humidity sensors is 1.10 sec in the relative humidity range of 20 %R.H. to 40 %R.H.
Prácticas en la asignatura de matemáticas (2013)

La realizacion de practicas en la asignatura de matematicas otorga un oasis donde hacer
efectiva la implantacion de Bolonia. Los grupos reducidos nos dan una posibilidad de
relacion cercana al mismo tiempo que un control y conocimiento explicito del trabajo y
remarca la necesidad de la asistencia continuada al pasar lista diariamente. En nuestra
experiencia hemos intentado llevar a cabo unas practicas diferentes a las planteadas por los
manuales, con ejercicios no realizados “expresamente” para su ejecucion con el ordenador
ni de forma pautada, ejercicios libres que permitan al estudiante realizar dos tipos de
aprendizajes dado que unas se realizaran de forma individual (autonomo) y otras en grupo.
Analogamente tambien tendran que desarrollar la expresion escrita que le diferencie de los
otros pues en los trabajos la nota vendra marcada por la memoria adjunta. Este sistema
consigue que desarrollen tres de las competencias genericas propuestas por la UPC.
LDA Measurements of Mean Velocity and Reynolds Stress Fields Within an Artificial Heart Ventricle (1994)

Laser Doppler Anemometry measurements of mean (ensemble average) velocities and turbulent (Reynolds) stresses at 140 locations within the left ventricle of the Penn State 70 cc electric artificial heart/ventricular assist device are reported at 8 times during the cardiac cycle. Mean velocity patterns indicate that the surfaces of the blood sac and valve tracts are exposed to significant levels of wall shear stress (good wall washing) during some portion of the flow cycle, and there is no location where the flow is stagnant over the entire flow cycle. This implies that thrombus deposition within the artificial heart should be suppressed. Turbulent stresses in the main pumping chamber and the outflow tracts of the tilting disk valves do not exceed 2000 dynes/cm2. The highest turbulent stresses (20,000 dynes/cm2) and smallest turbulent microscales (6 microns) are found in the regurgitant jets on the minor orifice side of the aortic valve during diastole and the mitral valve during systole. Taken together, the data suggest that improvements in artificial heart fluid mechanics will come through valve design and pump operating conditions, not pumping chamber design.
Mechanism of Interspecific Differences among Four Gramineous Crops in Growth Response to Soil Drying. (1996)

Drought tolerance is an important crop characteristic for maintenance of productivity under water deficit conditions. Interspecific differences among four gramineous crops (barnyard millet, maize, pearl millet and sorghum) in growth response to soil drying were studied. Seeds were sown in a sandy soil. Irrigation was stopped in some plots 16 days after sowing and was continued in others. Stopping irrigation increased resistance to water flow to between 2- and 21-fold. However, it decreased the soil water potential by -0.004 to -12.7 MPa, the relative growth rate (RGR) by 15 to 27%, the net assimilation rate (NAR) by 17 to 34% and the photosynthetic rate by 16 to 45%, respectively. Pearl millet and sorghum, which were identified as drought tolerant, displayed the lowest reductions in RGR. RGR was predominantly limited by NAR in all crops. The photosynthetic rate was preponderantly limited by stomatal conductance. Stomatal conductance correlated with leaf xylem water potential significantly. Pearl millet and sourghum showed the highest leaf water status. Root systems of all crops reached 140 cm soil depth. Under water stress, total root length was significantly reduced in maize, was not affected in barnyard millet, and was significantly increased in sorghum and pearl millet. Drought toleranace in sorghum and pearl millet was assoicated with sustained water uptake ability by increasing total root length and maintenance of high leaf water status under soil drying conditions at the vegetative growth stage.