gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Steric effects in the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl esters. Relative behavior of bridged and nonbridged trialkyl acetates (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSteric effects in the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl esters. Relative behavior of bridged and nonbridged trialkyl acetatesDavid S. Kristol, Richard C. Parker, Howard D. Perlmutter, Ku-Chong H. Chen, David H. Hawes, and George H. Wahl Jr.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 19, 3205–3206Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00881a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00881a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views105Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
R<scp>UDWICK</scp>, M. J. S. 2004. <i>The New Science of Geology. Studies in the Earth Sciences in the Age of Revolution</i>. Variorum Collected Studies Series CS 789. xvii + 336 pp. Aldershot: Ashgate. Price £59.50 (hard covers). ISBN 0 86078 958 6 (2004)

RUDWICK, M. J. S. 2004. The New Science of Geology. Studies in the Earth Sciences in the Age of Revolution. Variorum Collected Studies Series CS 789. xvii + 336 pp. Aldershot: Ashgate. Price £59.50 (hard covers). ISBN 0 86078 958 6 - Volume 141 Issue 6
Yellow–green luminescence from isoelectronic nitrogen centers in GaP grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (1991)

Molecular-beam-epitaxial growth of GaP incorporating isoelectronic N traps was achieved through coinjection of NH3 and PH3 which were dissociated into P2 and PN fluxes. The photoluminescence spectrum of a sample with a N concentration of ∼2×1019 cm−3 indicated that the dominant emission wavelength was at 5691 Å (2.18 eV), which is characteristic of the nearest-neighbor pair transition NN1. The spectrum of a sample containing ∼2×1020 cm−3 N atoms also displayed strong NN1 pair luminescence in addition to much stronger emission line at 5846 Å (2.121 eV), which is believed to be from a local mode outside the vibrational band. The peak intensity of this local mode was ∼25 times greater than the peak emission of the NN1 line from the lighter doped sample.
Tunneling-Assisted Nuclear Spin-Lattice Relaxation (1969)

The tunneling splitting of the torsional-oscillator ground state of a hindered methyl group is taken into account in calculating the temperature dependence of the proton spin-lattice relaxation time. Thermal vibrations cause spin-independent transitions leading to a fluctuation in the sign of the splitting parameter. It is predicted that a second maximum in $T_{1}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ may occur at low temperature due to a tunneling-assisted process. This effect is detected in some methyl-substituted benzenes in good agreement with the theory.
Role of Hydrophobic Effects in the Reaction of a Polynuclear Aromatic Diol Epoxide with Oligodeoxynucleotides in Aqueous Solutions (1998)

The need for large-scale direct synthesis of stereochemically defined and site-specific benzo[alpha]pyrenediol epoxide-oligodeoxyribonucleotide adducts for detailed NMR and other biochemical and physicochemical studies has necessitated a better understanding of variables that lead to an enhancement of the reaction yields. It is shown that, in aqueous solution, the formation of noncovalent hydrophobic complexes between 7r, 8t-dihydroxy-9t,10t-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[alpha] pyrene (BPDE) and the single-stranded oligonucleotide 5'-d(CCATCGCTACC) precedes the covalent binding reaction of BPDE with the single deoxyguanosine residue. The yield of covalent reaction products (involving reaction of BPDE at the C10 position with the exocyclic amino group of the dG residue) increases with increasing DNA concentration and tends toward saturation at oligonucleotide single-strand concentrations above approximately 3 mM. The addition of NaCl (0.3 M) also tends to enhance the adduct reaction yields. However, organic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran in the reaction mixtures (10-40%) decrease the stabilities of the noncovalent complexes, which in turn leads to reductions in the yields of covalent BPDE-dG oligonucleotide adducts. The efficiencies of formation of hydrophobic complexes were probed by fluorescence and UV absorption techniques using the BPDE tetrol hydrolysis product 7,8,9,10-tetrahydroxytetrahydrobenzo[alpha]pyrene as a model system.
Accuracy and Reproducibility of CFD Predicted Wall Shear Stress Using 3D Ultrasound Images (2003)

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) flow simulation techniques have the potential to enhance our understanding of how haemodynamic factors are involved in atherosclerosis. Recently, 3D ultrasound has emerged as an alternative to other 3D imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). The method can be used to generate realistic vascular geometry suitable for CFD simulations. In order to assess accuracy and reproducibility of the procedure from image acquisition to reconstruction to CFD simulation, a human carotid artery bifurcation phantom was scanned three times using 3D ultrasound. The geometry was reconstructed and flow simulations were carried out on the three sets as well as on a model generated using computer aided design (CAD) from the geometric information given by the manufacturer. It was found that the three reconstructed sets showed good reproducibility as well as satisfactory quantitative agreement with the CAD model. Analyzing two selected locations probably representing the 'worst cases,' accuracy comparing ultrasound and CAD reconstructed models was estimated to be between 7.2% and 7.7% of the maximum instantaneous WSS and reproducibility comparing the three scans to be between 8.2% and 10.7% of their average maximum.
Manufacture of Quality Specimens (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Preparing Bulk Specimens by Hydrostatic Pressure Preparing Bulk Specimens by Injection Preparing Bulk Specimens by Pouring Preparing Lap Joints with Flat Adherends Simple Methods for the Preparation of Single Lap Joints Specimens Preparing Thick Adherend Shear Test Specimens Modified Thick Adherend Shear Test Preparing Butt Joints Preparing Napkin Ring Specimens Preparing T Joint Specimens Preparing Flexible-to-Rigid Peel Specimens Preparing Specimens for Fracture Properties: Double Cantilever Beam and Tapered Double Cantilever Beam Preparing Bonded Wood Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) Specimens Modified Arcan Test References
Effect of growth hormone on fatty acid synthase gene expression in porcine adipose tissue cultures (2006)

We describe an efficient in vitro assay to test growth hormone effects on mRNA levels and fatty acid synthase (FAS, EC. 2.3.1.85) activity. Swine adipose tissue explants were long-term cultured in medium containing growth hormone and FAS mRNA levels and enzyme activity were measured. We quantified FAS transcripts by competitive reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) using total RNA from cultured adipose tissue explants and RT-PCR standard-curves were constructed using a cloned 307 bp segment of native FAS cDNA and a shorter fragment from which a 64 bp (competitor, 243 bp) internal sequence had been deleted. A known amount of competitor was added to each PCR as an internal control and µ-actin transcripts were also measured to correct for differences in total RNA extraction and reverse transcription efficiency. In cultures with added growth hormone FAS mRNA levels decreased 70% (p < 0.01) and FAS enzyme activity decreased 22% (p < 0.05). These in vitro growth hormone effects were consistent with those observed in vivo, showing that in vitro adipose tissue culture combined with RT-PCR is a useful and accurate tool for studying growth hormone modulation of adipose tissue metabolism. This technique allowed the diagnosis of lower levels of FAS mRNA in the presence of growth hormone and these low levels were associated with decreased FAS activity in the adipose tissue explants.
Pulmonary Kaposi′s Sarcoma: Diagnostic Features and Natural History in Patients with Acquired Immuneodeficiency Syndrome (1996)

OBJECTIVE: This retrospective descriptive study was undertaken to highlight the diagnostic features and natural history of pulmonary Kaposi′s sarcoma (KS). METHODS: Thirty‐three patients with symptomatic pulmonary KS were assembled from a cohort of 239 patient with KS. Pulmonary KS was diagnosed by visualization of endobronchial lesions at bronchoscopy or based on clinical‐radiological correlation and exclusion of opportunistic infections. RESULTS: The median time from initial presentation with KS to the development of pulmonary involvement was nine months. Dyspnea (79%) and dry cough (79%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Oral palatal involvement was present in 58% of patients with pulmonary KS. Pulmonary nodules (58%) were the most common radiological finding, but an interstitial pattern was noted in 42% of patients. Pleural effusion was present in 39%. Radiological patterns were not static, as 50% of patients with an initial interstitial pattern progressed to develop poorly formed nodules in the peripheral lung fields. Endobronchial lesions were noted on bronchoscopy in 23 patients. A presumptive diagnosis of pulmonary KS was made in 10 patients, with autopsy confirmation in four. Chemotherapy completely resolved symptoms in nine of 25 treated (36%) patients, and a further nine (36%) experienced a significant reduction in symptoms. Radiological improvement was noted in two of the clinical responders. Median survival from the time of diagnosis of pulmonary KS was only eight months, and symptoms relapsed within six weeks of achieving the best clinical response with chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary KS presents a difficult diagnostic challenge due to a nonspecific constellation of symptoms and radiological findings. Bronchoscopy is diagnostic when endobronchial lesions are visualized but, more important, it can exclude opportunistic infections. In some patients, even with a negative bronchoscopy, the diagnosis may still be established using clinical‐radiographic correlation, particularly if there is radiological evolution to a nodular pattern over time. Multidrug chemotherapeutic regimens appear to have some symptomatic benefit, but radiological improvement is extremely limited. Progression of disease occurs in virtually all patients, and the median survival is only eight months from the point of recognition of pulmonary KS.
Incorporating information of value in a component repository to support a component marketplace infrastructure (2009)

One of the most popular approaches to work with software reuse is component-based software engineering (CBSE). Despite a strategic importance in the global economy and the existent component repositories, the promised benefits of CBSE could not be broadly evaluated until now due to the lack of mature and well-established component marketplaces. Moreover, to create and maintain these markets, historical data and value considerations can be strategies to investigate. This paper proposes a value-based approach to address these strategies, Brecho-VCM, focusing on the stakeholders' value realization and on building a value chain.
The effect of surface modifications on the burning rate of a composite solid propellant. (1965)

Temperature at which predecomposition or decomposition of ammonium perchlorate occurs, changed by perchlorate surface treatment and reflected in burning rate of propellant containing perchlorate
Higher Adducts of C60 by Tether-Directed Remote Functionalization: X-Ray Crystal Structure and Reactivity of a Chiral Hexakis-Cyclopropanated Fullerene with all Addends Located along an Equatorial Belt (2000)

Ein ungewöhnliches Additionsmuster liegt bei dem neuartigen sechsfach cyclopropanierten Fulleren (±)-1 vor, das durch eine Sequenz aus Spacer-kontrollierten regioselektiven Fernfunktionalisierungen erhalten wurde. Durch eine Kristallstrukturanalyse wurde festgestellt, dass die sechs Addenden in einer helicalen Anordnung entlang des „Fullerenäquators“ positioniert sind.
High-speed integrated transceivers for optical wireless (2003)

Optical wireless LANs have the potential to provide bandwidths far in excess of those available with current or planned RF networks. There are several approaches to implementing optical wireless systems, but these usually involve the integration of optical, optoelectronic, and electrical components in order to create transceivers. Such systems are necessarily complex, and the widespread use of optical wireless is likely to be dependent on the ability to fabricate the required transceiver components at low cost. A number of UK universities are currently involved in a project to demonstrate integrated optical wireless subsystems that can provide line-of-sight in-building communications at 155 Mb/s and above. The system uses two-dimensional arrays of novel microcavity LED emitters and arrays of detectors integrated with custom CMOS integrated circuits to implement tracking transceiver components. In this article we set out the basic approaches that can be used for in-building optical wireless communication and argue the need for an integrated and scalable approach to the fabrication of transceivers. Our work aimed at implementing these components, including experimental results and potential future directions, is then discussed.
Information theory in the sixties (1973)

This retrospective survey describes the major trends in information theory research during the decade of the sixties, with emphasis on channel and source coding.
Dihydrostreptomycin derivatives: glycosides of dihydrostreptobiosamine (1965)

Journal Article Dihydrostreptomycin derivatives: glycosides of dihydrostreptobiosamine Get access G K J Ferguson, G K J Ferguson Department of Pharmacy, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I J McGilveray, I J McGilveray Department of Pharmacy, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J B Stenlake J B Stenlake Department of Pharmacy, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Volume 17, Issue Supplement_1, December 1965, Pages 68S–70S, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1965.tb07749.x Published: 12 April 2011 Article history Received: 03 May 1965 Published: 12 April 2011
Association study of MICA and MICB in Alzheimer’s disease (2009)

Following the replication of the association of the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) allele, HLA-B*07, with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the cohort of the Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Ageing (OPTIMA) in a previous study, we examined whether that association could be due to linkage disequilibrium with MICA or MICB alleles. We found a possible association of MICA*00801 heterozygotes with AD in subjects positive for the epsilon 4 allele of apolipoprotein E. This finding was supported by Hardy-Weinberg analysis, by stratified association analysis and by interaction analysis, but did not survive correction for multiple testing. In any case, these results do not explain our previously reported association of HLA-B*07 with AD.
Role of spacer and address components in peptidomimetic .delta.-opioid receptor antagonists related to naltrindole (1991)

A series of heterocyclic analogues 2-5 related to naltrindole (1) (NTI) and 6-arylnaltrexone derivatives 6-8 were synthesized in order to determine the role of the spacer and the address moieties in conferring delta opioid receptor antagonist activity. The benzofuran (NTB), quinoxaline, and quinoline analogues (2, 3, and 4, respectively) were delta-selective opioid antagonists in vitro and bound selectively to delta receptors. The tetrahydroindole derivative 5, while delta-selective, was considerably less potent than its indole analogue 13. The data for 2-4 indicate that heterocycles other than pyrrole can serve as a spacer for the delta address moiety. Moreover, the lower delta antagonist potency of 5 illustrates the importance of the aromatic address component. Molecular dynamics simulations of enkephalin using a zipper binding model are consistent with a delta address subsite that may accommodate the benzene moiety of NTI or the Phe4 phenyl group of leucine enkephalin. The considerably lower delta opioid receptor antagonist potencies of the 6-aryl derivatives 6-8 are consistent with the conformational mobility of the aryl group and its location in the molecule.
The Effect of Dose of Antigen on Protein and DNA Synthesis in Antibody-Forming Cells (1969)

Abstract The effect of dose of antigen on the rate of protein synthesis and on the proliferation of antibody-producing cells (APC) isolated from rats secondarily immunized with Salmonella paratyphi B flagella was studied using autoradiographic techniques. One hundred or two micrograms of flagella were used for secondary immunization because these doses stimulate rapid and slow kinetics of serum antibody increase, respectively. On days 3 to 6 after “booster,” the extent of incorporation of 3H-leucine into APC and the proportion of 3H-thymidine labeled APC were determined. The results indicate that booster with 100 µg flagella in comparison to that of 2 µg resulted in larger numbers of APC, incorporation of 3H-leucine into APC at a higher rate, and a greater proportion of APC which incorporated 3H-thymidine. The possible mechanisms underlying this regulatory role of antigen are discussed.
Dendrimers (2015)

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Synthesis 2.1. Divergent Synthesis 2.2. Convergent Synthesis 2.3. Mixed Synthetic Approaches 3. Control of Size and Perfection 4. Functionalizations 4.1. Functional Core 4.2. Surface or Periphery Terminal Functionalizations 4.3. Scaffold Functionalization 4.4. Multifunctionality 5. Applications 5.1. Catalysis 5.2. Redox-Active Dendrimers 5.3. Bio-Related Materials 5.4. Boron and Phosphonium Shielded Weakly Coordinating Ions 5.5. Sensing Volatile Compounds
Correlation of disease free survival (DFS) with HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) results (2011)

<b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "Prognostic relevance of disseminated tumor cells in the bone marrow and biological factors of 265 primary breast carcinomas"Breast Cancer Research 2005;7(6):R1174-R1185.Published online 24 Nov 2005PMCID:PMC1410751.Copyright © 2005 Schindlbeck et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. Cum, cumulative; neg, negative; pos, positive.
Detection and Location of Multiple Wiring Faults via Time–Frequency-Domain Reflectometry (2009)

In this paper, we propose a high-resolution time-frequency-domain reflectometry technique as a methodology of detection and estimation of faults on a wire. This method adopts the time-frequency cross-correlation characteristics of the observed signal in both the time and frequency domains simultaneously. The accuracy of the proposed method is verified with experiments using a radio-guide-type coaxial cable and comparing it with traditional time-domain as well as frequency-domain reflectometry methods. It is clearly shown here that the proposed algorithm produces excellent results compared to the conventional methods for single as well as multiple fault cables.
C113 Characteristics of Fluidized Bed-Fast Pyrolysis Reactor for Bio-Oil (2013)

Bio-oil/char slurry from wood biomass is an attractive and novel fuel with advantages in energy density, storage and transportation. In this paper, fundamental characteristics of fluidized bed system for fast pyrolysis is presented as improved pyrolysis reactor of our earlier system. This system shows good performance for short residence time close to a few seconds. Influences of the location of biomass supply in a fluidized bed and the resident time on yields quantity and quality are clarified. The property of the yields is shown that the high quality (high-heating value) of bio-oil is obtained under the short residence time.
Iterative Skull Resistivity Estimation Based on A Priori Information (1998)

I Abstract: Under tl structure of the hea element (FE) mode skull resistivity by The resistivities of s reconstructed bas1 resistivities of the b the neck as well as determination in vc effect of error i reconstruction is compared for two d > assumption that the anatomical is known, a two-dimensional finite was developed to reconstruct the sing the Newton-Raphson method. alp and skull, including sutures, are 3 on the condition that the ain, the lower part of the head and he body are known from previous ro as a priori information. The I a priori information on the Is0 studied. Reconstructions are Terent current injection patterns. (scalp, skull, brain and other tissues) ,ay an important role in determining of the electroencephalogram (EEG). ring the EEG inverse problem require ctric properties of these conductive properties are determined by two a1 structure of the conductive media resistivities of these media. By using graph (CT) and magnetic resonance ies, it is relatively easy to obtain the ion but the electric resistivities of comparatively difficult to measure. f tissue resistivities, which date back r (l), show considerable variations. - and intra- subject variability which iisease, and personal constitution. w that the skull resistivity has the widest variation in all that of tissues le skull plays the most important role transmission from the brain to the :cessary to develop the methods to ;tivity distribution in vivo.
Consistency of the indicator overlap method with linear free energy--enthalpy correlations (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConsistency of the indicator overlap method with linear free energy--enthalpy correlationsP. D. Bolton, Colin Douglas Johnson, Alan R. Katritzky, and S. A. ShapiroCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 6, 1567–1568Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00709a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00709a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views49Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts