gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Emissions Benefits from Reducing Local Transit Service Deadheading: An Atlanta Case Study (2016)

Transit agencies are always seeking opportunities to conserve fuel (which typically provides simultaneous emissions reductions). According to the 2010 national bus transportation statistics for the United States, deadhead trips cover 13.3% of a total of 2.4 billion transit bus miles. Therefore, reducing deadheading tends to be a promising alternative to achieve reduction of fuel consumption and emissions. In order to minimize fuel consumption and emissions related to deadheading, this study proposes three strategies including optimal assignment of buses to existing bus yards, relocating a bus yard to a better location, and constructing a new bus yard. The Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA) is taken as an example for analysis these three scenarios and the effectiveness of each strategy is evaluated in terms of fuel saving, emissions reduction, and cost impacts. Bus assignment and yard selection are conducted through geographic information system (GIS)-based network analysis. Potential improvements on fuels and emissions are quantified through motor vehicle emission simulator (MOVES)-Matrix, a high-performance emission simulation platform built based on MOVES model, with real-world operations data applied. Cost impacts relate to transit facility and operating costs. The results show that relocating the current yard is the “winning” strategy in perspective of emissions in the long run; however, re-assigning buses achieves 6% reduction in fuel consumption and does not require additional expenditures. The paper showcases the strategies for reducing deadheading in the planning process for transit agencies, and the analysis herein, conducted for the Atlanta region, can be easily applied to other agencies across the nation.
[2,3]1‐Thia‐Wittig Rearrangements Proceeding with Complete Inversion or with Partial Loss of Configuration at the Carbanionic Center (1993)

Abstract Two pairs of diastereomeric γ1‐(benzyloxy)1‐α1‐(tributylstannyl) sulfides ( anti ‐ and syn ‐ 13 , anti ‐ and syn ‐ 30 ) were prepared, n BuLi induced tin/lithium exchange in each of these compounds furnished α1‐lithiated sulfides which underwent [2,3]1‐thia‐Wittig rearrangements in THF at – 78°C within 30 min. Competing [1,2]1‐thia‐Wittig rearrangements were not observed, not even starting from stannyl sulfides 30 where the [2,3] shift requires the intermediacy of lithium thiolates 32 in which the aromaticity of a benzene ring is given up. The homoallyl thiols syn ‐ and anti ‐ 19 were formed stereoselectively starting from the allylthio stannanes anti ‐ and syn ‐ 13 , respectively. This implies that the underlying thia‐Wittig rearrangements are stereospecific and proceed with inversion of configuration at the carbanionic center, and that the lithio sulfides anti ‐ and syn ‐ 18 formed in the course of these reactions are configurationally stable until they rearrange. The benzylthio stannanes anti ‐ and syn ‐ 30 rearranged with low stereoselectivity. They furnished the benzyl thiols 33 as 71:29 and 28:72 mixtures of diastereomers, respectively. This means that the lithio sulfide intermediates involved in the latter rearrangements suffer some epimerization anti ‐ 31 ⇄ syn ‐ 31 prior to the sigmatropic bond shift.
Pulmonale Hypertonie (2002)

Die pulmonale Strombahn unterscheidet sich in wesentlichen Punkten von der Strombahn anderer Organe: Das Gefäßsystem der Lunge ist ein Niederdrucksystem. Die arteriellen Drücke und vaskulären Widerstände betragen nur ca. ein Achtel der Werte des großen Kreislaufes.
Sequential low-temperature depolymerization and liquefaction of US coal. Final report, January 1, 1987--January 1, 1991 (1992)

Based on the above described differences in the reactivity of intercluster linkages, an effective new procedure for low-temperature coal depolymerization-liquefaction was proposed and initially examined in our laboratory and then further developed in the framework of this project. The pre-extraction with THF removes most of the easily extractable material within the coal network, leaving the porous system of the coal more susceptible to catalyst impregnation. During subsequent impregnation, the FeCl{sub 3} catalyst becomes uniformly dispersed in the coal particles as recently demonstrated by electron probe microscopy. The partial depolymerization of the coal during the HT step involves preferential hydrogenolytic cleavage of alkylene (e.g. , methylene), benzyl etheric, cycloalkyl etheric, and some activated thioetheric linkages. The following BCD step completes the coal depolymerization by base-catalyzed hydrolysis (or alcoholysis) of diaryl etheric, aryl cycloalkyl etheric, diaryl thioetheric, and other bridging groups. Depolymerized coal samples obtained by the above sequential HT-BCD treatment consist of mixtures of low molecular weight products, composed primarily of monocluster compounds. In the final step, the depolymerized product undergoes exhaustive heteroatom removal, partial ring hydrogenation, and some C-C hydrogenolysis to yield a light hydrocarbon oil. As demonstrated in the present work this procedure has the advantages of very high overall coal conversion to low molecular weight hydrocarbon oils. It also provides very valuable structural information on the fundamental building units of the coal structure.
Spatiotemporal light control with frequency-gradient metasurfaces (2019)

The capability of on-chip wavefront modulation has the potential to revolutionize many optical device technologies. However, the realization of power-efficient phase-gradient metasurfaces that offer full-phase modulation (0 to 2π) and high operation speeds remains elusive. We present an approach to continuously steer light that is based on creating a virtual frequency-gradient metasurface by combining a passive metasurface with an advanced frequency-comb source. Spatiotemporal redirection of light naturally occurs as optical phase-fronts reorient at a speed controlled by the frequency gradient across the virtual metasurface. An experimental realization of laser beam steering with a continuously changing steering angle is demonstrated with a single metasurface over an angle of 25° in just 8 picoseconds. This work can support integrated-on-chip solutions for spatiotemporal optical control, directly affecting emerging applications such as solid-state light detection and ranging (LIDAR), three-dimensional imaging, and augmented or virtual systems.
Thrombosis of Angiographic Catheters in Humans: Experimental Study (1999)

One of the major problems in the use of catheters is their thrombogenicity since the embolization of clots near the central nervous system or the coronary arteries can cause permanent damage. Catheter thrombogenicity was evaluated in humans during angiographic procedures by their tendency to become occluded. Characterization of catheters was achieved using roughness measurements, FTIR with ATR, DSC and ESCA. The catheters were 5 commercially available catheters, made mainly of polyethylene, Pebax or polyamide sterilized and ready for clinical use. Thirty-one patients due to have an angiographic procedure and with normal blood and hemodynamic parameters were included in the study. The 50 cm catheter test sample was inserted through an introducer into the femoral artery at the beginning of an angiographic procedure. The outcoming blood flow rate (BFR) was continuously monitored by a special computerized device for 15 min or until the total amount of blood reached 30 ml. The angiographic procedure was then normally resumed. DSC and FTIR showed results consistent with the expected composition of catheters. ESCA results showed very high Si/C ratios and could not be explained in all instances. Occlusion of the catheters occurred in 44% of the cases and the average time to obtain occlusion was 8.5 min (3-15 min). Values of the decrease rate of BFR in ml/min2 allowed separation of the catheters into 3 groups of low, medium and high thrombogenicity. However, occlusion occurred at least one time for each type of catheter. Blood volume and BFR curves vs. time allowed the determination of 3 main types of thrombotic behavior: type I shows no significant reduction of BFR; type II shows a progressive decrease in flow rate; type III is much less frequent and shows an abrupt decrease of BFR either quickly followed by a compensatory increase and resuming of a steady flow or by abrupt occlusion. In type II curves the pattern of occlusion follows a classical diffusion model because the Peclet number is greater than 1 and then the classical Higbie solution for diffusion could be used. The most thrombogenic material was the smoothest. There was no correlation between surface chemical composition and thrombogenicity. However, catheters that were based on PE appeared less thrombogenic than PA catheters in this study.
Flexible Medical Image Management Using Service-Oriented Architecture (2012)

Management of medical images increasingly involves the need for integration with a variety of information systems. To address this need, we developed Content Management Offering (CMO), a platform for medical image management supporting interoperability through compliance with standards. CMO is based on the principles of service-oriented architecture, implemented with emphasis on three areas: clarity of business process definition, consolidation of service configuration management, and system scalability. Owing to the flexibility of this platform, a small team is able to accommodate requirements of customers varying in scale and in business needs. We describe two deployments of CMO, highlighting the platform's value to customers. CMO represents a flexible approach to medical image management, which can be applied to a variety of information technology challenges in healthcare and life sciences organizations.
A Survey of Institutions with Sixteen Detector-Rows or More CT Scanners for the Introduction of National Lung Cancer Screening Program Using Low-Dose Chest CT (2017)

Purpose: To survey medical institutions in Korea that conduct chest low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) scan prior to introduction of the national lung cancer screening (LCS) project. Materials and Methods: From July-October 2016, a survey was conducted in 366 institutions that use CT scanner with 16 detector-rows or more. After explaining the purpose of this study to personnel of institutions or health care centers via phone, an online survey was conducted by sending a questionnaire link to personnel through e-mail or text message. Results: Among 366 medical institutions, 282 responded to conduct LDCT scan for LCS. The most frequently used CT section thickness was 5 mm and only 29 institutions comply with Korean guidelines for LCS. The number of institutions that employ a full time radiologist was 330. LDCT scan protocols and CT radiation dose structured reporting system were established in 305 and 302 institutions, respectively. Fifty-nine institutions knew about Lung-RADS and only 14 used it. Conclusion: Many of the institutions with 16 detector-row or more CT scanners did not meet Korean guidelines for LSC. Appropriate education and promotion is needed to improve and sustain the quality of LDCT for LCS.
On feature combination for multiclass object classification (2009)

A key ingredient in the design of visual object classification systems is the identification of relevant class specific aspects while being robust to intra-class variations. While this is a necessity in order to generalize beyond a given set of training images, it is also a very difficult problem due to the high variability of visual appearance within each class. In the last years substantial performance gains on challenging benchmark datasets have been reported in the literature. This progress can be attributed to two developments: the design of highly discriminative and robust image features and the combination of multiple complementary features based on different aspects such as shape, color or texture. In this paper we study several models that aim at learning the correct weighting of different features from training data. These include multiple kernel learning as well as simple baseline methods. Furthermore we derive ensemble methods inspired by Boosting which are easily extendable to several multiclass setting. All methods are thoroughly evaluated on object classification datasets using a multitude of feature descriptors. The key results are that even very simple baseline methods, that are orders of magnitude faster than learning techniques are highly competitive with multiple kernel learning. Furthermore the Boosting type methods are found to produce consistently better results in all experiments. We provide insight of when combination methods can be expected to work and how the benefit of complementary features can be exploited most efficiently.
Dendritic properties of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in the rat: Intracellular staining in vivo and in vitro (1998)

Dendritic morphology and passive cable properties determine many aspects of synaptic integration in complex neurons, together with voltage-dependent membrane conductances. We investigated dendritic properties of CA1 pyramidal neurons intracellularly labeled during in vivo and in vitro physiologic recordings, by using similar intracellular staining and three-dimensional reconstruction techniques. Total dendritic length of the in vivo neurons was similar to that of the in vitro cells. After correction for shrinkage, cell extent in three-dimensional representation was not different between the two groups. Both in vivo and in vitro neurons demonstrated a variable degree of symmetry, with some neurons showing more cylindrical symmetry around the main apical axis, whereas other neurons were more elliptical, with the variation likely due to preparation and preservation conditions. Branch order analysis revealed no difference in the number of branch orders or dendritic complexity. Passive conduction of dendritic signals to the soma in these neurons shows considerable attenuation, particularly with higher frequency signals (such as synaptic potentials compared with steady-state signals), despite a relatively short electrotonic length. Essential aspects of morphometric appearance and complex dendritic integration critical to CA1 pyramidal cell functioning are preserved across neurons defined from the two different hippocampal preparations used in this study.
Parasites of the shore crab <i>Carcinus maenas</i> (L.): implications for reproductive potential and invasion success (2010)

The European shore crab, Carcinus maenas, is one of the most successful marine invasive species. Its success has been in part attributed to the loss of parasites, rekindling an interest in host-parasite interactions and impacts on host fitness in this crab. In the present study, we investigated C. maenas populations from Europe, South Africa and Australia for parasites, and assessed their impact on the fitness of male crabs. For the shore crab, testes weight along with success in mating competition is traded off against other life-history traits. We therefore used this parameter as an indicator both for reproductive fitness and a possible resource trade-off in response to parasite infestation. In the native range, crabs infested with Sacculina carcini showed significantly lower testes weight than uninfected crabs. However, helminth parasites did not generally cause reduced testes weights. Crab populations from South Africa and Australia were either parasitized at very low prevalences, or were completely parasite free. However, no population level effect of this parasite release was reflected in testes weight. These findings do not support a severe fitness impact of helminth parasites on C. maenas, which questions the role of parasites on its population dynamics, both in the native area and for invasive success.
Evaluation de la qualité de vidéos médicales compressées par MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 et HEVC pour la télémédecine (2017)

International audience
Poster abstract: Multi-channel communication vs. adaptive routing for reliable communication in WSNs (2012)

Interference and link dynamics constitute great concerns for stability and performance of protocols in WSNs. In this paper we evaluate the impact of channel hopping and adaptive routing on delay and reliability focusing on delay critical applications.
Gynecological Manifestations of Chronic Graft versus Host Disease (2009)

Chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) is a multisystem disorder that occurs in 60% to 70% of long-term survivors of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and has been increasing in incidence because of improved survival of posttransplant recipients. The longer survival and unrelenting progression of cGVHD affect several aspects of health and may result in loss of organ function and impaired quality of life.
Vitamin D und kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen: Standortbestimmung 2012/Vitamin D and cardiovascular diseases: where do we stand in 2012? (2012)

Zusammenfassung Es mehren sich die Hinweise, dass Vitamin D eine Rolle bei der Entstehung kardiovaskulärer Krankheiten spielen könnte. Vitamin D-Rezeptor (VDR) und Enzyme des Vitamin D-Stoffwechsels kommen im Gefäßsystem und im Herzen vor. VDR knock out Mäuse leiden an Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen (HKE) und selektive Inaktivierung des VDR in Herzmuskelzellen verursacht Myokardhypertrophie. Viele, jedoch nicht alle Beobachtungsstudien haben gezeigt, dass Vitamin D-Mangel mit HKE und deren Risikofaktoren assoziiert ist. Niedrige Konzentrationen von 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin D (25 [OH] D) sind ein unabhängiger Risikofaktor für kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse, insbesondere für Schlaganfall und plötzlichen Herztod. Es gibt nur wenige randomisierte, kontrollierte Studien (RCT) zu diesem Thema, deren Aussagen durch die zusätzliche Gabe von Kalzium, welches das Risiko für kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen (KVE) erhöhen kann, eingeschränkt sind. Studien, in denen nur Vitamin D supplementiert wurde, haben teilweise, aber nicht durchweg positive Auswirkungen auf kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktoren wie arterielle Hypertonie gezeitigt. Eine Reihe von großen Studien zu den Auswirkungen der Supplementierung von Vitamin D auf kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse und Mortalität haben bereits begonnen. Deren Design ist aber zum Beispiel wegen des Einschlusses von Personen mit relativ hohen 25 (OH) D-Spiegeln problematisch. Die Evidenz für allgemeine Empfehlungen zur Einnahme von Vitamin D zur Vorbeugung und Behandlung von KVE ist damit noch nicht hinreichend. Prävention und Behandlung eines Vitamin D-Mangels sind aber aufgrund der Wirkungen der Vitamin-D-Supplementation auf den Bewegungsapparat schon heute gerechtfertigt.
Evaluation of interactions of gaseous organic compounds with ice (2011)

メタン， エタン， メタノール， エチレン， ベンゼンと純氷との相互作用の温度依存性および吸着エンタルピーを求めた． メタン， エタン， エチレン， ベンゼンは同程度の相互作用を示し， メタノールの氷への吸着は， それらより253 K において2 ～2.7倍程度強かった． メタノール， エチレン， ベンゼンに対しては263 K 付近を境に吸着挙動の大きな違いがみられた． これは擬似液体層の存在が関与していると考えられる．メタン，エタンの吸着エンタルピーは，253-271 K の間で一定であったが， メタノールの吸着エンタルピーは，温度依存性を示した．エチレンおよびベンゼンの吸着エンタルピーは，263 K 付近を境に高温側と低温側で異なる値が得られた．
Crystallisation From Volatile Deep Eutectic Solvents (2019)

A new class of deep eutectic solvents are presented where one component of the system is inherently volatile, enabling a premeditated, auto-destructive capability which leads inexorably to a series of novel crystal structures. These volatile deep eutectic solvents are easily-formed liquids with a greatly depressed melting point and exhibit all of the physical characteristics of classical deep eutectic solvents, with the exception that the hydrogen-bond donor component is volatile when exposed to the atmosphere at room temperature. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this concept through the exquisite control of pharmaceutical polymorphism, among which is a more efficacious form of acetaminophen, which can be formed spontaneously for the first time at room temperature.
Hypoxaemia After Crush Injury of the Chest (1964)

We found that the post-operative hypoxaemia was rapidly reversed by breathing 30% oxygen in normals, but that in the atelectasis cases, although there was an increase in arterial oxygen saturation, it was not possible to achieve normal saturation and the rise was much slower. This is
The Allergic Response of Rabbit Platelets (1968)

Summary The allergic response of rabbit platelets as observed by increased membrane permeability to 86Rb and by histamine release is Mg++-dependent. There is competitive inhibition by Ca++ at optimal levels of Mg++ (1 to 3 × 10-4 M). Calcium can substitute for Mg++ at suboptimal levels of the latter, but is less effective. Calcium increases the range of Mg++ levels for an optimal response, possibly by stabilizing a reaction intermediate. The latent period for 86Rb efflux is brought to a minimum of about 1 min, by optimal Mg++ concentrations. The minimal latent period for histamine release is about 5 min. The initial rate is inhibited by excess Mg++. The latent period is far less responsive in this respect. The data suggest that increased membrane permeability and histamine release are successive steps in the allergic response of platelets, in which only a Mg++ requirement has been identified.
Assessment of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 as a target of glucocorticoid action in human airway epithelial cells (2004)

We conclude that airway epithelial STAT6 is not the central target of GC in allergic inflammation and that the inhibitory effect of GC on STAT6-mediated IL-4- and IL-13-induced responses is exerted by targeting pathways distinct from STAT6.