gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Isotope (<sup>18</sup>O, <sup>15</sup>N, and <sup>2</sup>H) Technique to Investigate the Metal Ion Interactions Between the Phosphoryl Group and Amino Acid Side Chains by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2011)

Cationic metal ion-coordinated N-diisopropyloxyphosphoryl dipeptides (DIPP-dipeptides) were analyzed by electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)). Two novel rearrangement reactions with hydroxyl oxygen or carbonyl oxygen migrations were observed in ESI-MS/MS of the metallic adducts of DIPP-dipeptides, but not for the corresponding protonated DIPP-dipeptides. The possible oxygen migration mechanisms were elucidated through a combination of MS/MS experiments, isotope ((18)O, (15)N, and (2)H) labeling, accurate mass measurements, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d) level. It was found that lithium and sodium cations catalyze the carbonyl oxygen migration more efficiently than does potassium and participation through a cyclic phosphoryl intermediate. In addition, dipeptides having a C-terminal hydroxyl or aromatic amino acid residue show a more favorable rearrangement through carbonyl oxygen migration, which may be due to metal cation stabilization by the donation of lone pair of the hydroxyl oxygen or aromatic π-electrons of the C-terminal amino acid residue, respectively. It was further shown that the metal ions, namely lithium, sodium, and potassium cations, could play a novel directing role for the migration of hydroxyl or carbonyl oxygen in the gas phase. This discovery suggests that interactions between phosphorylated biomolecules and proteins might involve the assistance of metal ions to coordinate the phosphoryl oxygen and protein side chains to achieve molecular recognition.
Determination of growth and coupled nitrification/denitrification by immobilized <i>Thiosphaera pantotropha</i> using measurement and modeling of oxygen profiles (1990)

An oxygen microsensor in combination with mathematical modeling was used to determine the behavior of immobilized Thiosphaera pantotropha. This organism can convert ammonia completely to nitrogen gas under aerobic conditions (coupled nitrification/denitrification) and denitrifies nitrate at highest rates under anaerobic conditions. Immobilization of T. pantotropha can result in aerobic and anaerobic zones inside the biocatalyst particle which will be advantageous for the conversion of ammonia and nitrate from wastewater. However, information of the effects of immobilization on the physiology of T. pantotropha is necessary for the development of such a system. This article gives the extension of a model developed to describe the behavior of chemostat cultures of T. pantotropha so that it can be used for immobilized cells. The original model was based on metabolic reaction equations. Kinetic and diffusion equations have now been added. Experimental verification was carried out using a stirred tank reactor and a Kluyver flask. After immobilization in agarose, the cells were grown in the particles under continuous culture conditions for 3 days. After 24 h the oxygen penetration depth showed a constant value of 100 microm, indicating that a steady state was reached. Scanning electron micrographs showed that large colonies of cells were present in this 100-microm aerobic layer.From the dynamics of the start-up phase, several parameters were determined from measurements of the oxygen concentration profiles made every few hours. The profiles simulated by the model were fitted to the measured data. The average value for the maximum specific growth rate was 0.52 h(-1), and the maximum oxygen conversion rate was 1.0 mol Cmol(-1) h(-1). The maximum specific acetate uptake rate was 2.0 mol Cmol(-1) h(-1), and the Monod constant for acetate was 2.9 x 10(-2) mol m(-3). The maximum specific nitrification rate was 0.58 x 10(-1) mol Cmol(-1) h(-1), and the amount of oxygen necessary for nitrification was 11% of the total oxygen uptake rate. Most of the kinetic parameters determined for the immobilized cells were in good agreement with those for the suspended cells. Only the maximum specific growth rate was significantly higher, and the maximum specific nitrification rate was some what lower than for suspended cells. The experimental results clearly show that an oxygen microsensor, in combination with mathematical modeling, can successfully be used to elucidate the kinetic behavior of immobilized, oxygen-consuming, cells.
A New Topology of Symmetric and Asymmetric Fault Tolerant Multilevel Converter With Model Predictive Nearest Level Control Method (2022)

Photovoltaic (PV) systems are among the most convenient renewable energy sources (RESs) and are popular due to their easy implementation and low maintenance. Multi-input multilevel converters (MLCs) are suitable choices to harvest energy from PV systems and integrate solar farms into the existing power grid. In this paper, a new reconfigurable and multi-input converter is proposed for solar PV applications. It is also a practical solution for various medium to high voltage and power applications such as traction and HVDC. The symmetric and asymmetric configurations of the proposed MLC help achieve a higher number of output voltage levels and hence better-quality waveforms. The redundant output voltage vectors have improved the fault tolerance behavior of the proposed converter which enhances the reliability of the overall solar power system. Moreover, the proposed converter benefits from an improved model predictive control (MPC) technique which is customized for multilevel converters by adopting the nearest level control (NLC) algorithm. The proposed model predictive NLC (MP-NLC) method leads to high quality output voltage waveform (1.23% THD) under various load conditions while realizing an average switching frequency of lower than 6.8 kHz. A nominal load efficiency of 98.3% is recorded for the proposed MLC. The simulation results using Plexim PLECS software validate the functionality of the proposed converter and control method.
Daylight in Buildings - A source book on daylighting systems and components (2000)

Note: EPFL Reference LESO-PB-BOOK-2000-004 Record created on 2005-01-12, modified on 2016-08-08
Graphene for white lighting (2016)

In the matter of white light (WL) generation, considerable scientific interest has been recently devoted to the studies of carbon materials where laser light or electrical current are used for incandescence or light emission. Experiments have been performed on a number of structures, including carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, graphene, and graphene QDs, which are being considered as materials for next-generation light sources. The studies on WL emission of graphene-based materials (foam and ceramic) are presented. The intense broad band white lighting was observed in vacuum under a focused beam of laser irradiation at a number of different excitation wavelengths, from the VIS to the NIR range. It was observed that the WL emission from graphene materials was a threshold process exhibiting supralinear behavior. The intensity was highly dependent on the ambient pressure. Relatively low temperature of the sample was measured that did not exceeded 600 °C. The luminescence process was accompanied by efficient photoconductivity that increased with excitation power of the laser. The possible mechanism of white light generation is discussed as a photoinduced, transient, domain-like sp <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> →sp <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> phase transitions.
Kinematic and electromyographic analysis of elite wheelchair racers during an exercise that simulated the 800 meter race (2001)

Introduction Performance level in wheelchair track events has increased steadily in the last few decades. In order to optimise training programmes and techniques recommendations, coaches need to have information about the performance limiting factors and characteristics of wheelchair propulsion. Previous studies have focused on the underlying mechanisms of wheelchair propulsion for experienced wheelchair users (1). A combined kinematic / electromyographic approach allowed to analyse the movement and muscular activity pattern in wheelchair propulsion. However, none of these have investigated the movement pattern modifications during a specific race effort generating fatigue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the propulsion techniques of elite wheelchair racers during a 1min 30s “all out” exercise (800m duration).
Defects detection in thin components using two-dimensional ultrasonic arrays (2013)

The use of 2D ultrasonic arrays provides great flexibility, as one array probe allows a given defect to be illuminated from a wide range of angles. However there are a number of challenges in the application of 2D arrays to detection and characterization of 3D defects. In the current paper the problem of finding the optimal array configuration for defects detection in thin sections is investigated. The efficient FE scattering model is used to simulate an ultrasonic array response for different 3D defects. The data provided by this model is then used to analyze the influence of different parameters on the array performance (signal to noise ratio, sensitivity, resolution). Finally, experimental results are shown that illustrate the imaging performance of optimal 2D array configuration.
<title>Fuzzy logic and the spray forming process</title> (1993)

Liquid metal spray forming is a relatively new process for near-net-shape manufacturing. This process involves melting of the metal, ejection of the molten metal from the crucible in which it was melted, and atomization of the molten metal in a high-pressure gas atomizer. The resulting droplets are collected on a moving substrate where consolidation and solidification occur. This paper will discuss the methods used to combine sensor feedback and process knowledge into a fuzzy logic inference engine which can augment, if not replace, the manual functions currently performed by the operator. The paper will also describe the development of a custom optical sensor which simulates the operator's visual feedback. It monitors the part while it is being formed, and simultaneously determines the part shape, the rate of growth of the part, and the surface roughness of the part.
Functional studies of rabbit T lymphocytes. (1981)

Rabbit spleen and mesenteric lymph node cells were treated with a monoclonal anti-rabbit T-lymphocyte antibody (MAb) and complement and the effect of the treatment on various lymphocyte functions was determined. Lysis of spleen and mesenteric lymph node cells reactive with this MAb, 9AE10, essentially eliminated their proliferative responsiveness to allogeneic lymphocytes in the mixed lymphocyte reaction and to the T-cell mitogens, concanavalin A and phytohaemagglutinin; responsiveness to the B-cell mitogen, anti-immunoglobulin (Ig) was not decreased by lysis of 9AE10+ cells. In addition, the 9AE10+ cells were found to be necessary for the secondary in vitro antibody response to the T-dependent antigen sheep red blood cells (SRBC), as removal of 9AE10+ cells blocked the generation of plaque forming cells (PFC) in culture. The PFC's themselves were not sensitive to lysis by 9AE10 MAb and complement Thus, the 9AE10 MAb appears to recognize cells which have functions characteristic of T lymphocytes and this monoclonal antibody will be useful in further studies of the rabbit cellular immune system.
YSZ Environmental Barrier Coatings for Oxide/Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composites (2010)

Oxide/oxide ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are considered key high-temperature materials for combustor liners, vanes or shrouds of next generation gas turbines. State-of-the-art oxide/oxide CMCs are prone to high-temperature recession in combustion environments caused by hydroxylation and subsequent volatilization of the constituents alumina and mullite. Therefore, CMC protection by suitable environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) is mandatory. Development and performance assessment of EBCs for oxide/oxide CMCs are focused topics at DLR since many years. EBC materials must exhibit superior corrosion stability with respect to alumina and mullite. But also compatibility between EBC and CMC substrate is mandatory. Among candidate EBC materials, yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) offers high corrosion resistance and adequate compatibility to alumina and mullite. YSZ-EBCs have been deposited on alumina/alumina CMCs by a variety of processes including electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD), air plasma spraying (APS) and metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The different manufacturing processes for YSZ-EBCs are reviewed with regard to microstructure and microstructural stability. A common problem of YSZ coatings is their susceptibility against high-temperature corrosion induced by airborne inorganic particles, commonly referred as CMAS-type corrosion. CMAS-type corrosion of YSZ-coated oxide/oxide CMCs is discussed with respect to turbine target applications.
Initial stage of the overgrowth of InP on InAs∕InP(001) quantum dots: Formation of InP terraces driven by preferential nucleation on quantum dot edges (2006)

This letter reports on the growth mechanism of the InP cap layer over InAs∕InP quantum dots (QDs) fabricated by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). QD edges are shown to act as preferential nucleation sites for the InP cap layer, leading to the formation of InP domains around the nanostructures. As∕P exchange reactions are at the origin of the planarization of the top of the QDs under P-rich ambient, thus leading to a final QD height equal to the local thickness of the InP cap layer. The possibility to use As∕P exchange reactions to homogenize the height distribution of MOVPE grown InAs∕InP QDs is discussed on the basis of these observations.
Screening Markers of Impaired Glucose Tolerance in the Obese Pediatric Population (2010)

While fasting blood glucose does not seem to be a predictor of IGT, we propose that HbA1c > or =5.5% can be used as a screening test to assess the risk of IGT and to determine who should undergo diagnostic OGTT. Large prospective studies validating our findings are warranted.
Regulators of Platelet cAMP Levels: Clinical and Therapeutic Implications (2010)

Platelets are indispensable for primary haemostasis, but their function needs to be tightly regulated to prevent excessive platelet activity, possibly leading to atherothrombotic events. An important mediator of the platelet activity is cyclic AMP (cAMP), which inhibits platelet aggregation. Intracellular cAMP levels are regulated via the Gs and Gi alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins, which couple to adenylyl cyclase to respectively stimulate or inhibit cAMP production. Binding of a ligand to its G protein-coupled seven-transmembrane receptor activates these G proteins. In this review, we discuss a Gs-coupled receptor on platelets, VPAC1, and 2 important Gi-coupled receptors, the ADP receptor P2Y(12) and the prostaglandin E(2) receptor EP3. The regulation of platelet cAMP levels at the level of the receptors themselves or the G proteins coupled to them is analyzed. Alterations in Gsα and Giα function are associated with altered platelet reactivity. An increase in Gs function, or alternatively a defective Gi signaling, can be a risk factor for bleeding, while a loss of Gs function can result in a prothrombotic state. Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins accelerate the rate of inactivation of G protein-mediated signaling. One of the RGS proteins, RGS2, inhibits Gs signaling by interacting directly with adenylyl cyclase. The thienopyridine class of antiplatelet agents is based on cAMP-mediated regulation of platelet function through modification of the P2Y(12) receptor. Clopidogrel and some other novel cAMP regulators are discussed. Secondly, we review the use of prostacyclin derivatives to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Epigenetic heredity: RNA-mediated modes of phenotypic variation. (2015)

International audience
Surveying and Comparing Thermal Conductivity and Physical Properties of Oil Base NanoFluids Containing Carbon and Metal Oxide Nanotubes (2012)

In this research, nano materials with tubular structures are added to SAE 20W50 engine oil to study the rate of their effects on the properties of engine oil. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and vanadium oxide nanotubes (VONTs) has been used as two different additive materials, one of them is carbonic and the other is metallic oxides and their effect on different parameters containing viscosity, thermal conductivity coefficient, flash point and pour point of engine oil as the quality properties of engine oil has been studied and compared. The samples of two concentrations 0.1 and 0.2 wt% with using planetary ball mill were made. The obtained results show that MWCNTs in all cases, which have been evaluated, had better functionality with respect to vanadium oxide nanotubes. In the 0.1 wt% concentration, flash point of MWCNTs/oil and VONTs/oil increased about 9.3% and 5.8% respectively. In addition, thermal conductivity of them increased 13.2% and 10.2% respectively.
Recurrent Neurotropic Chloroma: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature (2010)

We are reporting a case of a young woman with acute myelogenous leukemia status postallogeneic transplantation who developed multiply recurrent chloromas occurring along peripheral nerves in the absence of bone marrow relapse, all treated with radiation therapy. The patient is currently free of disease nearly four years after her first posttransplant chloroma. The case presented is unique for its isolated peripheral nervous system involvement, rare posttransplant occurrence, and indolent course without marrow relapse despite multiple extramedullary recurrences.
From our archives: An essay on oxygen, by Carl Djerassi (2019)

Oxygen is a tricky subject to be offered on a silver platter. No such platter is large enough to cope with any but the smallest morsels from the giant pantry filled with oxygen-containing goodies. Rather different from an element with a three-digit atomic number, where modest hors d’oeuvres suffice. One need not be a chemist to know that without oxygen a human life would cease in seconds or minutes rather than decades. But as an organic chemist who has practiced his art for more than half a century, I must concede that without oxygen I would not have published a single paper, because most of my chemical life was spent grazing in steroid pastures. Few classes of organic molecules are as interesting as steroids—covering the gamut from sex hormones, oral contraceptives, bile acids, corticoids, vitamin D, and cardiac glycosides to anabolic drugs of abuse—yet this panoply of biological diversity is
IDA Simulation Environment a tool for Modelica based end-user application deployment (2003)

A new Modelica implementation based on IDA Simulation Environment (IDA SE) is presented. IDA SE is primarily used for development of equation based simulators for end-users with limited modeling skills but provides interesting features also for the advanced user. A recently developed Modelica application for simulation of tunnel ventilation for commuter rail networks illustrates IDA usage. Excerpts of models from this application are presented in some detail as well as a list of present limitations of the IDA based Modelica implementation.
Impact of platybasia and anatomic variance on surgical approaches to the craniovertebral junction (2014)

Platybasia results in a higher CVJ relative to the PL compared to the general population; however, the relationship is not linear. The wide distribution of the CVJ relative to the PL indicates that the approach selection must be tailored to the patient's specific anatomy.
Rücktitelbild: Umwandlung eines Singulett‐Silylens in ein stabiles Biradikal (Angew. Chem. 6/2013) (2013)

Farbige stabile Biradikale werden von H. W. Roesky et al. in ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 1845 ff. vorgestellt; sie wurden aus SiCl2, das durch ein N-heterocyclisches Carben stabilisiert ist, und einem cyclischen Alkyl(amino)carben synthetisiert. Die tiefblauen Kristalle eines Polymorphs des Produkts sind etwa eine Woche lang luftstabil, in THF-Lösung zerfallen sie an Luft hingegen schnell. In einer Nebenreaktion der Synthese beobachtet man die Knüpfung einer C-C-Bindung.
Structure-Property Relationships-Determination of the Vapor Pressure of Hydrocarbons and Oxygenated Compounds using Multifunctional Autocorrelation Method (MAM) (1995)

Abstract The vapor pressure of 366 monofunctional compounds (142 alkanes, 114 alkenes, 44 alcohols, 21 ketones, 12 ethers and 33 esters) was estimated by the multifunctional autocorrelation method0.5 MAM. The components of the autocorrelation vectors were first calculated with the Bondi's surface areas. For hydrocarbons, a single vector was used, whereas for functional compounds a lipophilic and a functional surface vectors (SL and SF) were necessary. Good correlations were obtained when the calculation of log VP was performed separately for each family. The results became rather poor when the global set was considered. The 0.5 MAM method was then tested with vapor pressure vectors, calculated from specific contributions to the vapor pressure that were determined directly from experimental vapor pressures. The use of two VP vectors (VPL and VPF) was no longer necessary to obtain good estimates. For each family the results obtained were similar to those obtained with SL and SF vectors, whereas an important improvement was obtained on the set of 366 compounds. An excellent correlation was obtained with only the VP0 component: log VP= -0.93 VP0+5.043(n = 366, r = 0.989, s = 0.14, F=17209).
Verification of manufacturability of IC designs (2003)

Abstract. This paper introduces the concept of design formacufacturability and discusses relations between IC chip size,manufacturing yield and chip cost. Origins of parametric andcatastrophic faults in VLSI chips are presented. Random anddeterministic variations inherent in semiconductor manufacturingprocesses are discussed and several approaches to yield estimationare compared. Simple worst case corner analysis is not suitable forthis purpose and only statistical simulation of circuit behaviorallows for yield estimation. Moreover, only methodology based onstatistical simulation of the manufacturing process accounts forspatial correlation of devices parameters which phenomenon is vitalfor proper operation of analog designs. 1 I. ntroduction The technical goal of design of an IC chip is to develop aproduct which meets its specifications when manufacturedin a particular manufacturing process. Various verificationprocedures such as logic simulation, circuit simulation, DRCand LVS are used to prove that the design is formally andfunctionally correct. Unfortunately, an IC design whichpasses all standard verification procedures may still turn outto be not