gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sulfonation Reactions with Sulfuryl Chloride (1939)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSulfonation Reactions with Sulfuryl ChlorideM. S. Kharasch and Alice Tanner. ReadCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1939, 61, 11, 3089–3092Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1939Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1939https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01266a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01266a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views805Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sulfite and Sulfide Formation during Winemaking -- A Review (1974)

Present knowledge of sulfite and sulfide formation by wine yeasts during the fermentation of grape juice is reviewed. Possible sources of sulfur, namely sulfate, sulfite, elemental sulfur and sulfur-containing amino acids, are discussed. Factors influencing sulfide as well as sulfite formation are emphasized. Low-sulfite and high-sulfite-forming yeast strains differ in their metabolism as well as in some aspects of regulation.
Task-oriented optimal view selection in a calibrated multi-camera system (2012)

A method for real-time selection of optimal view sequences for a task in a calibrated multi-camera system is presented. Selection is based on a multi-camera coverage model constructed from a priori information about the cameras, task, and scene, which are assumed to be available in the relatively controlled environments of the target application class. Experimental results demonstrate the generality and effectiveness of the algorithm and explore trade-offs in parameterization.
Directed-simulation assisted formal verification of serial protocol and bridge (2006)

Robust verification of protocol conversion and arbitration schemes of SoC bridges forms a significant component of the overall SoC verification. Formal verification provides a way to achieve this, but a naive approach often leads to explosion of the state space, and is impractical for most of today's protocols and bridges. This problem is further complicated in the presence of serial protocols, where control and data are mixed together and transactions continue for very great depths. White-box verification is not a feasible solution, since these bridges are often imported or generated from other sources, and internal information is not readily available. In this paper, we propose a black-box and hybrid approach to this problem, by judiciously mixing simulation and formal verification. We illustrate our approach by applying it to two dual stage bridges that perform serial to parallel protocol conversion and vice versa.
Multiplex PCR assay for ureC and 16S rRNA genes clearly discriminates between both subspecies of Photobacterium damselae (2000)

A multiplex-PCR approach, employing 2 primer pairs directed to internal regions of the 16S rRNA and ureC genes, was utilized to analyze a collection of Photobacterium damselae strains, including 25 isolates of subspecies piscicida and 15 isolates of subspecies damselae. With this procedure, all the P. damselae subsp. damselae strains yielded 2 amplification products, one of 267 bp and the other of 448 bp, corresponding to internal fragments of the 16S rRNA and ureC genes, respectively. However, P. damselae subsp. piscicida isolates only showed the PCR product of 267 bp (16S rRNA fragment), indicating the absence of the urease gene in its genome. We have constructed a DNA probe directed to an internal region of the ureC gene, and corroborated by dot blot hybridization that the P. damselae subsp. piscicida lacks this gene, whereas it is present in the subspecies damselae. This constitutes the first successful discrimination between both subspecies using a PCR procedure, which could become a useful tool for diagnosis of pasteurellosis in the field. In addition, since these 2 subspecies have been shown to share nearly the same rrn operon sequence, our results provided evidence that one of the steps in the P. damselae speciation proccess included gain/loss events associated with the ure operon.
Action prediction based on anticipatory brain potentials during simulated driving (2015)

We show for the first time the feasibility of predicting the driver's intention through decoding anticipatory related potentials during simulated car driving with high recognition rates.
Pathogenesis of Obstructive and Central Sleep Apnea (2005)

Considerable progress has been made over the last several decades in our understanding of the pathophysiology of both central and obstructive sleep apnea. Central sleep apnea, in its various forms, is generally the product of an unstable ventilatory control system (high loop gain) with increased controller gain (high hypercapnic responsiveness) generally being the cause. High plant gain can contribute under certain circumstances (hypercapnic patients). On the other hand, obstructive sleep apnea can develop as the result of a variety of physiologic characteristics. The combinations of these may vary considerably between patients. Most obstructive apnea patients have an anatomically small upper airway with augmented pharyngeal dilator muscle activation maintaining airway patency awake, but not asleep. However, individual variability in several phenotypic characteristics may ultimately determine who develops apnea and how severe the apnea will be. These include: (1) upper airway anatomy, (2) the ability of upper airway dilator muscles to respond to rising intrapharyngeal negative pressure and increasing Co(2) during sleep, (3) arousal threshold in response to respiratory stimulation, and (4) loop gain (ventilatory control instability). As a result, patients may respond to different therapeutic approaches based on the predominant abnormality leading to the sleep-disordered breathing.
Mesoscale to Submesoscale Transition in the California Current System. Part I: Flow Structure, Eddy Flux, and Observational Tests (2008)

Abstract In computational simulations of an idealized subtropical eastern boundary upwelling current system, similar to the California Current, a submesoscale transition occurs in the eddy variability as the horizontal grid scale is reduced to O(1) km. This first paper (in a series of three) describes the transition in terms of the emergent flow structure and the associated time-averaged eddy fluxes. In addition to the mesoscale eddies that arise from a primary instability of the alongshore, wind-driven currents, significant energy is transferred into submesoscale fronts and vortices in the upper ocean. The submesoscale arises through surface frontogenesis growing off upwelled cold filaments that are pulled offshore and strained in between the mesoscale eddy centers. In turn, some submesoscale fronts become unstable and develop submesoscale meanders and fragment into roll-up vortices. Associated with this phenomenon are a large vertical vorticity and Rossby number, a large vertical velocity, relatively flat horizontal spectra (contrary to the prevailing view of mesoscale dynamics), a large vertical buoyancy flux acting to restratify the upper ocean, a submesoscale energy conversion from potential to kinetic, a significant spatial and temporal intermittency in the upper ocean, and material exchanges between the surface boundary layer and pycnocline. Comparison with available observations indicates that submesoscale fronts and instabilities occur widely in the upper ocean, with characteristics similar to the simulations.
Surgical decisions in athletes' subcalcaneal pain (1986)

A group of 182 patients with subcalcaneal pain related to sports activity was studied to determine injury types and patterns. Running/jogging produced the greatest percentage of subcalcaneal injuries, 76%. A survey was done of the specific types of heel pain, plantar fasciitis and median calcaneal neuritis. A review of each entity was given and surgical approach was detailed. Subcalcaneal surgical decision making is based on six specific tenets: correct diagnosis; approximately 12 months of conservative treatment; EMG for diagnosis and appropriate nerve blocks; thorough knowledge of the anatomy or complete review; patient understanding that surgery may not give a good enough result to allow the return to high performance athletics; and correct and appropriately directed surgery.
METABOLISM OF RESISTANT MUTANTS OF <i>STREPTOCOCCUS FAECALIS</i> IV (1962)

Coultas, M. Katharine (Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Rye, N.Y.) and Dorris J. Hutchison. Metabolism of resistant mutants of Streptococcus faecalis. IV. Use of a biophotometer in growth-curve studies. J. Bacteriol. 84:393-401. 1962. - Analysis of data obtained using the Bonet-Maury and Jouan biophotometer has shown it to be an accurate, automatic device for recording an entire bacterial growth curve, from which quantitative measurements of growth rate can be calculated. Growth rate values obtained in this manner agree with those obtained by conventional methods. The instrument is described in detail and reference is given to other uses of this type of photometer. The growth curves of Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 8043 and three mutants resistant to purine analogues were compared in media with and without a purine. Differences in these growth curves were evident. In the purine-deficient medium SF/AZAG, the 8-azaguanine-resistant mutant had the shortest doubling time, 61 min, followed by the two 6-mercaptopurine-resistant mutants (SF/MPcc, 72 min; SF/MP, 91 min), and finally the wild strain with a doubling time of 135 min. In the medium supplemented with xanthine, the respective doubling times were 52, 61, 68, and 68 min.
Not All Students Learn to Read by Third Grade (2001)

Twenty middle school students with reading-related learning disabilities were interviewed on two occasions to better understand their perceptions about (a) their reading ability, (b) procedures used to assist with reading instruction and the extent to which they were perceived as useful, (c) purposes for involvement in explicit reading instruction, and (d) reading instruction that might improve their reading ability. Findings revealed that despite considerable past challenges in learning to read, all of the students indicated willingness to learn to read and recognized the importance of reading to later successes in getting and keeping a job. Many stated that there was something wrong with them and that is why they had difficulty. Also, the students did not mind participating in what might be perceived as elementary or basic work in reading if it would lead to better reading skills for them. They expressed concern that they would be embarrassed if friends recognized that they were learning to read.
APROXIMACIÓN AL PANORAMA HISTORIOGRÁFICO DE LA CULTURA CASTREÑA EN LA PROVINCIA DE ORENSE (I) (1989)

Revista especializada en la publicación de trabajos originales de investigación en Prehistoria y Arqueología. Es la publicación periódica más antigua de la UAM. Su enfoque abierto a cualquier temática y época pasada, hasta la más cercana, que sea objeto de la Ciencia arqueológica se abre a una decidida proyección internacional en la que quiere basar su futuro inmediato.
Sustainability of construction materials (2009)

Sustainability of aggregates in construction Sustainability of timber, wood and bamboo in construction Sustainability of vegetable fibres in construction Sustainability of masonry in construction Sustainability of cement, concrete and cement replacement materials in construction Sustainability of metals and alloys in construction Sustainability of glass in construction Sustainability of engineered wood products in construction The use of waste tyre rubber in civil engineering works Durability of sustainable construction materials Nanotechnologies for sustainable construction.
스마트그리드 AMI 환경을 위한 전방 보안성이 강화된 ID기반 인증 기법 (2013)

본 논문에서는 기존에 연구된 AMI망 환경에서 동적 ID기반 인증 프로토콜 KL기법의 취약점을 분석하였고, 기존 연구의 보안요구사항을 만족하면서도 추가적으로 전방 보안성을 가지도록 하는 기법 두 가지를 제안한다. 첫번째 기법에서는 전력사 내의 상위 시스템인 MDMS를 시간동기화 서버로 사용하여 댁내의 스마트그리드 기기와 시간동기화 하여, 매 세션마다 OTP함수로 만들어지는 새로운 비밀값으로 인증을 진행한다. 두 번째 기법에서는 비공개 값의 해시체인을 사용하여 인증을 진행함으로써, 매 세션마다 새로운 비밀값을 사용한다. 제안하는 두 가지 기법은 지역 및 통신 환경에 따른 장·단점이 있을 것으로 보이며 이를 통해 AMI망 환경에 따라 제안기법을 효율적으로 선택하여 적용할 수 있을 것으로 예상한다.
A possible scenario for volumetric display through nanoparticle suspensions (2001)

We discuss on the potential of suspensions of gold nanoparticles with variable refractive index for the possible physical realization of in-relief virtual dynamic display of plane images. A reasoning approach for a vision system to display in real-time volumetric moving images is proposed based on well-known properties of optical media, namely the anomalous dispersion of light on certain transparent media and the virtual image formed by a refracting transparent surface. The system relies on creating mechanisms to modify the refractive index of in-relief virtual dynamical display (iVDD) bulbs that ideally would contain a suspension of gold nanoparticles each and that might be ordered in an array filling up a whole screen.
The effects of electrode impedance on data quality and statistical significance in ERP recordings (2010)

To determine whether data quality is meaningfully reduced by high electrode impedance, EEG was recorded simultaneously from low- and high-impedance electrode sites during an oddball task. Low-frequency noise was found to be increased at high-impedance sites relative to low-impedance sites, especially when the recording environment was warm and humid. The increased noise at the high-impedance sites caused an increase in the number of trials needed to obtain statistical significance in analyses of P3 amplitude, but this could be partially mitigated by high-pass filtering and artifact rejection. High electrode impedance did not reduce statistical power for the N1 wave unless the recording environment was warm and humid. Thus, high electrode impedance may increase noise and decrease statistical power under some conditions, but these effects can be reduced by using a cool and dry recording environment and appropriate signal processing methods.
Building a distributed asynchronous control unit through automatic derivation of hierarchically decomposed AFSMs from a CDFG (2002)

Although there are several successful asynchronous logic synthesis tools, it is still unwieldy for designers to conceive and describe behaviors for a number of controllers constituting an asynchronous control unit of a target system manually. In this paper, building a distributed asynchronous control unit automatically through automatic derivation of hierarchically decomposed AFSMs from a CDFG is suggested. A resulting control unit consists of small asynchronous controllers and has complete separation of 'execution controllers' and 'execution order controllers'. This distributive feature leads to significant improvements in the aspects of area, performance and synthesis time of derived control circuits.
An Algorithm For Fault-Tree Construction (1982)

An algorithm for performing certain parts of the fault tree construction process is described. Its input is a flow sheet of the plant, a piping and instrumentation diagram, or a wiring diagram of the circuits, to be analysed, together with a standard library of component functional and failure models. A systematic approach to component model construction is also presented.
<title>Use Of Phase Measuring Interferometry In Quantity Production Of High Quality Optics</title> (1982)

The advantages of Phase Measuring Interferometry (PMI) over conventional half-wave fringe contour measurements are well known. They include greater sensitivity through reduced fringe-to-fringe interval, ease of minimizing instrumental errors, shorter turnaround time to process results and data averaging to circumvent random environmental effects. Prior publications have described typical designs of PMI devices as well as some of their applications in the optical industry. At Perkin-Elmer, we have found that only through the use of advanced PMI technology can quantity production of very high quality optics be achieved on a timely and cost-effective basis. In this paper, we report some experiences with PMI as the primary method of in-process and final testing of a variety of optical components currently being manufactured in production quantity. Component apertures are as large as 47 cm. Measurements are typically made to precisions of the order of 0.01k (X/100) peak-to-peak and 0.001λ (λ/1000) rms. Examples include three types of reflecting optics of widely differing sizes and configurations: an Amici-type roof mirror, a concave spherical mirror and a convex spherical mirror.
Early diagnosis and management of Alzheimer's disease. (1998)

It is only recently that Alzheimer's disease has become recognized as a major public health concern. Not only those diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease are impacted by the disease; the emotional toll exacted on caregivers is enormous, and the financial costs incurred by the United States are staggering. Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease can prevent costly and inappropriate treatment and permits earlier treatment of symptoms. There have been several recent pharmacologic advances in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, including the development of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. For any intervention to prove successful, however, early and accurate diagnosis and effective disease management are crucial.
Cell cycle deregulation in B-cell lymphomas (2003)

Disruption of the physiologic balance between cell proliferation and death is a universal feature of all cancers. In general terms, human B-cell lymphomas can be subdivided into 2 main groups, low- and high-growth fraction lymphomas, according to the mechanisms through which this imbalance is achieved. Most types of low-growth fraction lymphomas are initiated by molecular events resulting in the inhibition of apoptosis, such as translocations affecting BCL2, in follicular lymphoma, or BCL10 and API2/MLT1, in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas. This results in cell accumulation as a consequence of prolonged cell survival. In contrast, high-growth fraction lymphomas are characterized by an enhanced proliferative activity, as a result of the deregulation of oncogenes with cell cycle regulatory functions, such as BCL6, in large B-cell lymphoma, or c-myc, in Burkitt lymphoma. Low- and high-growth fraction lymphomas are both able to accumulate other alterations in cell cycle regulation, most frequently involving tumor suppressor genes such as p16(INK4a), p53, and p27(KIP1). As a consequence, these tumors behave as highly aggressive lymphomas. The simultaneous inactivation of several of these regulators confers increased aggressivity and proliferative advantage to tumoral cells. In this review we discuss our current knowledge of the alterations in each of these pathways, with special emphasis on the deregulation of cell cycle progression, in an attempt to integrate the available information within a global model that describes the contribution of these molecular changes to the genesis and progression of B-cell lymphomas.
On Post-Generation Data Operations in Secure Distributed Storage Systems with Internal Padding (2010)

Secure distributed storage systems can achieve data security and fault resilience by providing encrypted and redundant data segments across multiple computing nodes. However, such systems might face severe performance bottlenecks when frequently tacking data with high consistency demand. This paper proposed a secure distributed storage system based on revised secret sharing scheme with internal padding. Data are saved in multiple coefficients of associated polynomials for high capacity. Shares generated from these polynomials are distributed and can be recollected to retrieve the original data. Post-generation data operations including data insertion, deletion, updating and appending do not require the complete share regeneration. Only affected data portions will be reprocessed and parallel processing is supported if they are interleaved. Performance analyses and experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness and efficiency of the post-generation data operations.
Lack of Mammalian Reduction or Alkylation of 24-Methylenecholesterol (1973)

Abstract The Δ24(28)-bond of 24-methylenecholesterol was not detectably reduced by rats either in vivo or in a liver enzyme preparation. Since the Δ24(25)-bond of other sterols is reduced under the same conditions, mammalian Δ24(25)-reductase must discriminate between the two positions of the pi-electronic system. It also follows that rats do not possess a Δ24(28)-reductase and are therefore incapable of biosynthesizing 24-methylcholesterol as plants do through reduction of a 24-methylene intermediate. 24-Methylenecholesterol also failed in the rat to undergo further addition of a carbon atom to yield a 24-ethylidene- or 24-ethyl derivative as occurs in plants.
Analysis of Cogging Torque Reduction of IPMSM applying Skew Method (2020)

Background/Objectives: In a rotating machine such as Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM), which is widely used in industrial fields. The reluctance torque is generated by the difference when magnetic energy varies according to the relative position of the pole and slot in a slot shaped motor. The reluctance torque acts as a torque ripple in electrical equipment and causes noise and vibration. It generated by the influence of the slot in the permanent magnet device is called cogging torque, and a skew was applied as a method to reduce the cogging torque to analyze the characteristics of the motor. In this paper, we analyze the back electromotive force and torque characteristics of IPMSM motors applying 3-stage skew among various cogging torque reduction methods, and reduce torque ripple in the instantaneous and continuous sections of the motor through Finite Element Method (FEM). Findings: Therefore, in this paper, we discuss how to apply skew among many analysis methods for reducing cogging torque. It shows the procedure for reducing cogging torque by applying skew from the comparative model. Finally, it analyzes the characteristics of the existing model and the model to which the skew is applied, and indicates how much it has increased. Improvements/Applications: By applying a three-stage skew to the model applied in this paper, the effect of noise and vibration can be reduced through cogging torque reduction.
Testing of large optical surfaces with small test plates (1954)

A proced ure fo r test in g lar ge op tical s urfaccs w it h r elative ly s mal l opt ical ~t anda rd ~ is described. S implified fo r mul as are used to appl y a statistical me thod for obtainirw incrcascd precision .