gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Universal antibiotic tolerance arising from antibiotic-triggered accumulation of pyocyanin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2019)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that often infects open wounds or patients with cystic fibrosis. Once established, P. aeruginosa infections are notoriously difficult to eradicate. This difficulty is in part due to the ability of P. aeruginosa to tolerate antibiotic treatment at the individual-cell level or through collective behaviors. Here, we describe a new phenomenon by which P. aeruginosa tolerates antibiotic treatment. In particular, treatment of P. aeruginosa with sublethal concentrations of antibiotics covering all major classes promoted accumulation of the redox-sensitive phenazine pyocyanin (PYO). PYO in turn conferred general tolerance against diverse antibiotics for both P. aeruginosa and other gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. This property is shared by other redox-active phenazines produced by P. aeruginosa. Our discovery sheds new insights into the physiological functions of phenazines and has implications for designing effective antibiotic treatment protocols.
Other People's Experiences (1972)

Journal Article Other People’s Experiences Get access Lloyd Fields Lloyd Fields University of Dundee. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 22, Issue 86, January 1972, Pages 29–43, https://doi.org/10.2307/2218589 Published: 01 January 1972
<i>k⋅p</i>theory of semiconductor superlattice electronic structure. II. Application to<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ga</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">In</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>As-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Al</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">y</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">In</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">y</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>As [100] superlattices (1986)

This is the second of a two-paper series in which we present a complete k\ensuremath{\cdot}p theory of semiconductor superlattices. In the first paper, the formal theoretical results are presented. Here, the numerical implementation of these results is described and they are used to investigate the electronic structure of ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{In}}_{\mathrm{x}}$As-${\mathrm{Al}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{y}}$${\mathrm{In}}_{\mathrm{y}}$As superlattices grown along the [100] direction. Three alloy composition pairs are considered: a lattice-matched case (x=0.53, y=0.52), a case where the Ga-containing layers are in biaxial tension with a 1% lattice mismatch (x=0.53, y=0.67) and a case where the Ga-containing layers are in biaxial compression with a 1% lattice mismatch (x=0.53, y=0.37). Our results for the superlattice energy band gap of the lattice-matched system are in good agreement with available experimental results. Calculations of subband energy dispersion for superlattice wave vectors both parallel and perpendicular to the growth axis are performed. These calculations show band-splitting and -mixing features not embodied within current envelope-function models which do not correctly describe the superlattice symmetry. However, these features are present in tight-binding models which do properly account for the superlattice symmetry. The origin of these band splitting and mixing features in the present k\ensuremath{\cdot}p theory is discussed.
Apoptosis induced by infectious bursal disease virus (1994)

Chicken peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) show morphological and biochemical features of apoptosis (programmed cell death) when infected in vitro with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). DNA extracted from IBDV-infected lymphocytes displayed an intense laddering pattern when visualized after agarose gel electrophoresis. IBDV-infected PBLs had significantly higher apoptotic and necrotic indices measured by acridine orange-ethidium bromide staining than did control lymphocytes. Electron micrographs of the IBDV-infected PBLs revealed features typical of apoptosis such as peripheral condensation of chromatin, blebbing of the plasma membrane and fragmentation of the nucleus and of the cell leading to the formation of apoptotic bodies. These findings indicate that IBDV, in addition to causing necrosis, can also induce apoptosis in avian lymphocytes in vitro.
ATTRACTING NURSES TO LONG-TERM CARE (1996)

1. A major issue facing nursing, and society as a whole, is the longstanding and continuing nursing shortage in long-term care. 2. The demand for RNs in nursing homes will continue to intensify into the next century as the population of older adults with complex care needs continues to grow. 3. The findings of this study suggest that RN recruitment needs in long-term care include having enough qualified and dedicated staff, supportive and competent administration; competitive salaries and benefits; functional, attractive facilities; improved professional and public image; a caring, supportive environment; realistic regulations; decreased paperwork; progressive nurse practice models; and opportunities for educational advancement and career growth.
Magnetic Vortex State Stability, Reversal and Dynamics in Restricted Geometries (2008)

Magnetic vortices are typically the ground states in geometrically confined ferromagnets with small magnetocrystalline anisotropy. In this article I review static and dynamic properties of the magnetic vortex state in small particles with nanoscale thickness and sub-micron and micron lateral sizes (magnetic dots). Magnetic dots made of soft magnetic material shaped as flat circular and elliptic cylinders are considered. Such mesoscopic dots undergo magnetization reversal through successive nucleation, displacement and annihilation of magnetic vortices. The reversal process depends on the stability of different possible zero-field magnetization configurations with respect to the dot geometrical parameters and application of an external magnetic field. The interdot magnetostatic interaction plays an important role in magnetization reversal for dot arrays with a small dot-to-dot distance, leading to decreases in the vortex nucleation and annihilation fields. Magnetic vortices reveal rich, non-trivial dynamical properties due to existance of the vortex core bearing topological charges. The vortex ground state magnetization distribution leads to a considerable modification of the nature of spin excitations in comparison to those in the uniformly magnetized state. A magnetic vortex confined in a magnetically soft ferromagnet with micron-sized lateral dimensions possesses a characteristic dynamic excitation known as a translational mode that corresponds to spiral-like precession of the vortex core around its equilibrium position. The translation motions of coupled vortices are considered. There are, above the vortex translation mode eigenfrequencies, several dynamic magnetization eigenmodes localized outside the vortex core whose frequencies are determined principally by dynamic demagnetizing fields appearing due to restricted dot geometry. The vortex excitation modes are classified as translation modes and radially or azimuthally symmetric spin waves over the vortex ground state. Studying the spin eigenmodes in such systems provides valuable information to relate the particle dynamical response to geometrical parameters. Unresolved problems are identified to attract attention of researchers working in the area of nanomagnetism.
Study on the Locator/Identifier Separation (2009)

The IP address' dual statuses(identifier and locator) caused the present Internet core route trend to be complex.In order to resolve this problem,has discussed the identifier and the locator separation,and introduced two kinds in view of this question's solution,which respectively are LISP and HIP.LISP uses the host's IP address as its identifier and uses the router's ID as its locator.HIP expands the existing domain name space,and uses the global name to separate the identifier and locator.Has analyzed the architecture and the detail of the two solutions,and summed up their respective strengths and weaknesses by comparing in the end.
An ontology-driven architecture for flexible workflow execution (2004)

Workflow management systems usually interpret a workflow definition rigidly. However, there are real life situations where users should be allowed to deviate from the prescribed static workflow definition for various reasons, including lack of information and unavailability of the required resources. To flexibilize workflow execution, this paper proposes mechanisms that allow execution to proceed in the presence of incomplete information, by adopting presuppositions, and in the presence of negative information, by suggesting execution alternatives. This paper also presents an architecture for the workflow system, which is driven by ontologies that capture semantic relationships between workflows, resources and users.
Evaluation of colour spaces in computer vision application of wood defects detection (2002)

The automation of quality control for the appearance of wood by digital image processing poses the problem of defect specification. In the case of defects showing little contrast or colour, black and white vision systems are inadequate and colour vision is needed. Colour entails a three-dimensional working space, thus permitting a series or geometric transforms of greater or lesser relevance depending on the specific application in question. In this article, we develop a method which helps to select the best colorimetric transform among those currently being used. This method is then extended to the problem of defect segmentation in wood, and culminates with a colour-analysis algorithm which is effective in terms of detection quality.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Adaptive motion-compensated frame rate up-conversion (2002)

A frame rate up-conversion algorithm using the adaptive motion compensation that reduces the blocking artifacts due to block-based processing is proposed. The proposed method uses the motion analysis to determine the type of motion and applies the motion-compensated interpolation (MCI) adaptively. When the MCI is applied, multiple motion trajectories are considered in order to increase the accuracy of the MCI. Experiment results indicate good performance of the proposed MCI scheme with significantly reduced blocking artifacts.
Semi-Active Vibration Control of Landing Gear Using Magneto-Rhelological Dampers (2011)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Magneto-rhelological(MR) dampers are devices that use rheological fluids to modify the mechanical properties of fluid absorber. The mechanical simplicity, high dynamic range, large force capacity, lower power requirements, robustness and safe manner of operation have made MR dampers attractive devices for semi-active real-time control in civil, aerospace and automotive applications. Landing gear is one of the most essential components of the aircraft, which plays an extreme important role in preventing the airframe from vibration and excessive impact forces, improving passenger comfortable characteristics and increasing aircraft flight safety. In this paper, the semi-active system used in landing gear damping controller design, simulation, and the vibration test-bed are discussed and researched. The MR dampers employed in landing gear system were designed, manufactured and characterized as available semi-active actuators. On the basis of a large number of experimental data, a mathematical model based on the Bouc-Wen hysteresis model was adopted to predict both the force-displacement behavior and the complex nonlinear force-velocity response of the MR dampers. Using the landing gear vibration test-bed, the vibration characteristic of passive absorber was compared with the vibration characteristic of semi-active control. It is indicated that compared with passive control, the MR damper based on semi-active control can obviously restrain the displacement and acceleration response of the structure, and takes an effective performance in MR fluid absorber vibration reduction system.</div></div>
From Outcasts to Overlords: The Legitimation of the Yakuza in Japanese Society (2012)

The yakuza, or the Japanese mob, grew from largely ignoble roots, but have come to wield an enormous amount of power. From their origins—which date to the Tokugawa shogunate—as highwaymen, fighters, snake oil salesmen, and even those who were considered to be “nonhuman,” the heterogeneous yet organized gangs of Japan have come to attain a striking amount of both political and social capital. This resulted from a combination of moral assertions, economic adaptations, and political manipulations. These gangs capitalized on traditional ethical codes, vulnerabilities in security, and ultranationalist sentiments in order to gain pervasive prestige in modern Japanese society.
Establishing the Value of a Business: How the Practitioners Do It (1994)

The value of a business can be determined in several diferent ways.The question posed in this study is whether or not the background of a business evaluator tends to influenc the method of valuation.Business practitioners of varying backgrounds were surveyed as to methodologies generally employed.lt was discovered that accounting and financial consultants tend to prefer present value techniques using discounted cash flows or multi ples.Business and real estate agents and brokers look toward appraisal ofphysical assers or nei womb.Small business owners and managers are also likely to apply asset based methodologies.The strategic implication of these findings suggests that care should be taken when selecting professionals to perform valuation services since varying approaches ofien yield diferent results.
Improved spectral characteristics of MQW-DFB lasers by incorporation of multiple phase-shifts (1995)

The single-mode stability of strained-layer MQW-DFB lasers with electron-beam written gratings containing zero, one and three phase-shifts, and with a relatively large coupling strength, has been investigated theoretically and experimentally. The fabricated lasers with the multiple phase-shifted (MPS) structure exhibited a higher degree of stability than the /spl lambda//4-shifted lasers, and a considerably improved stability for both categories with phase-shifts compared to the nonshifted lasers was obtained. These results were in good agreement with our simulations. An investigation of the linewidths of the phase-shifted lasers is also presented. The MPS lasers had a significantly lower linewidth floor (down to 600 kHz) than those with one phase-shift. There was no degradation of the side-mode suppression-ratio correlated to the linewidth floor or rebroadening. A possible explanation for the lower linewidth floors obtained for the MPS lasers is that this structure is less sensitive to inhomogeneous carrier fluctuations. Longitudinal fluctuations in the shape of the photon density distribution will thereby be suppressed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Band-partitioned sidelobe canceller for a wideband radar (2004)

A generic electronic counter-counter measure (ECCM) system consisting of band-partitioned (BP) sidelobe canceller (SLC) is investigated for wideband radar. This paper describes trade-off studies performed on the BP digital SLC and identifies techniques and parameters that are capable of providing improved cancellation performance.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENDOMYCORRHIZAL ROOT SYSTEMS II. EFFECT OF AGRONOMIC FACTORS AND SOIL CONDITIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF VESICULAR‐ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL INFECTION IN BARLEY AND ON THE ENDOPHYTE SPORE DENSITY (1979)

S ummary The percentage of roots with vesicular‐arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and numbers of spores were measured over 2 years in a field experiment with different crop rotations of barley, kale and fallow. Spore numbers, and subsequent infections of barley crops, were largest following barley; both kale and fallow breaks reduced spore population and infection similarly. With all crop rotations there was a long delay before appreciable percentage infection of roots developed, followed by a rapid increase, and then a constant value. Such late infections appear unlikely to improve crop nutrition, and final yield was negatively related to per cent infection. A survey of barley crops in 2 years on commercial fields following at least 3 years barley showed that infection was rather similar in most fields. There was a very slight correlation between infection percentage, clay content and pH, but no other soil factor had any influence. Early‐sown crops tended to have low infection.
Knowledge Acquisition and Veritication Tools for Medical Expert Systems (1987)

Expert systems require large amounts of domain knowledge for non-trivial problem solving. Experience in developing such systems has shown that the processes of acquiring domain knowledge (knowledge acquisition) and of determining whether the knowledge is consistent, complete, and correct (knowledge verification) are major problems. This paper discusses various tools developed to assist in these two processes. These tools bring additional knowledge to bear, or provide better interfaces between a knowledge engineer and the expert system's knowledge.
Reactions of Ketonic Mannich Bases with Malononitrile and Malononitrile dimer (2002)

The reaction of malononitrile with the tertiary Mannich base hydrochloride derived from acetophenone and some related compounds 1, 3, 5 and 7, in piperidine at 50°C afforded the pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidine derivatives 2, tetrahydronaphthalene derivative 4 substituted quinolines 6 and benzopyran derivatives 8. While the condensation of malononitrile dimer with acetophenone, cyclohexanone and/ or α-tetralone Mannich bases hydrochloride 1, 3 and 9 gave the pyridine, isoquinoline and benzo[f]isoquinoline derivatives 10–12 in moderate to good yield.
[Effects of administration of 50 mg heparan sulfate tablets to patients with varicose dilatation of the hemorrhoid plexus (hemorrhoids)]. (1992)

An experimental clinical study was performed using heparan sulfate in order to ascertain the effects of the drug in the treatment of 2nd or 3rd degree varicose dilatation of the hemorrhoid plexus. Forty female patients, mean age 37 years and suffering from varicose dilatation of the hemorrhoid plexus, were enrolled in the study. The study was carried out in an open comparison with oxerutin using parallel groups with random access. After a run-in period of 3 days, 20 patients commenced treatment with 1 50 mg tablet of heparin sulfate 3 times daily, whereas the other 20 patients were given 1,500 mg oxerutin tablet again 3 times daily. Subsequently, treatment was continued at the following doses: 1 50 mg tablet of heparin sulfate twice a day, and 1,500 mg tablet of oxerutin twice a day, for a duration of two weeks. At pre-established times (before treatment, after 1 week, after 2 weeks), a standard questionnaire was filled in relating to each patient in order to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of treatment. No adverse or undesirable effects were reported. Each participant was also put on a personalized and computerised diet with the same fibre intake. 55% of patients treated with oxerutin reported persistent moderate or intense pain caused by defecation compared to 45% of the group treated with heparan sulfate. Both drugs induced the remission of skin rash and itching. Compared to the control drug, heparan sulfate was more efficacious in relation to the normalisation of hyperemia and mucoid secretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Full control of a PWM DC-AC converter for AC voltage regulation (1998)

The design and implement action of a DSP-based fully digital-controlled single-phase pulsewidth modulated (PWM) dc-ac converter for ac voltage regulation is described. The proposed multiloop digital controller (MDC) consists of a current controller, a voltage controller, and a feedforward controller. This MDC was realized using a single-chip digital signal processor (DSP). The PWM gating signals are determined at every sampling instant by the proposed multiloop digital control scheme using a set of detected feedback signals. A software current control; scheme has been developed to achieve fast current control of the PWM inverter and decouple the inductor of the output filter. Experimental results have been given to verify the proposed digital control scheme. The constructed DSP-based PWM dc-ac converter system can achieve fast dynamic response and with low total harmonic distortion (THD) for rectifier type of loads.
Embryonic neural retinal cell response to extracellular matrix proteins: developmental changes and effects of the cell substratum attachment antibody (CSAT). (1987)

Cell attachment and neurite outgrowth by embryonic neural retinal cells were measured in separate quantitative assays to define differences in substrate preference and to demonstrate developmentally regulated changes in cellular response to different extracellular matrix glycoproteins. Cells attached to laminin, fibronectin, and collagen IV in a concentration-dependent fashion, though fibronectin was less effective for attachment than the other two substrates. Neurite outgrowth was much more extensive on laminin than on fibronectin or collagen IV. These results suggest that different substrates have distinct effects on neuronal differentiation. Neural retinal cell attachment and neurite outgrowth were inhibited on all three substrates by two antibodies, cell substratum attachment antibody (CSAT) and JG22, which recognize a cell surface glycoprotein complex required for cell interactions with several extracellular matrix constituents. In addition, retinal cells grew neurites on substrates coated with the CSAT antibodies. These results suggest that cell surface molecules recognized by this antibody are directly involved in cell attachment and neurite extension. Neural retinal cells from embryos of different ages varied in their capacity to interact with extracellular matrix substrates. Cells of all ages, embryonic day 6 (E6) to E12, attached to collagen IV and CSAT antibody substrates. In contrast, cell attachment to laminin and fibronectin diminished with increasing embryonic age. Age-dependent differences were found in the profile of proteins precipitated by the CSAT antibody, raising the possibility that modifications of these proteins are responsible for the dramatic changes in substrate preference of retinal cells between E6 and E12.