gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mammographic detectability of breast microcalcifications (1982)

Controlled in vitro studies of breast microcalcification detectability were done comparing a wide variety of standard and state-of-the-art mammography techniques (conventional and microfocal spot x-ray tubes, screen-film and xeroradiographic recording systems, contact and magnification techniques). Results confirmed previous observations that geometric unsharpness is the limiting factor in microcalcification detectability for most conventional mammography systems. Results also indicated superior microcalcification detection for: xeroradiographic over screen-film recording systems, positive-mode over negative-mode xeroradiography, microfocal spot contact over conventional contact techniques, and microfocal spot magnification over all contact techniques. No differences were found between a standard screen-film technique and a screen-film technique requiring about one-half the radiation exposure. On the other hand, although there was no differences between standard xeroradiography and a modest-added-filtration (reduced-dose) xeroradiographic technique, standard xeroradiography demonstrated superior microcalcification detection over a reduced-dose technique that used large amounts of added beam filtration. The clinical applicability of these findings is discussed.
Pitch Production Using Solvent Extraction of Coal: Suitability as Carbon Anode Precursor (2009)

Albertan coal has been used to produce extracts as precursor for production of anode coke. Coal extractability was studied using digestion with Tetralin in a 500 ml reactor. Different operating conditions were tried and optimum conditions were chosen for runs with coal-derived solvents. Extracts from runs with coal-derived solvents and their hydrotreated versions were distilled and heat treated to produce pitches as coke precursors. Coking experiments were performed using a molten salt bath furnace. Coal, solvents, pitches and cokes were characterized to study the effects of process chemistry on coke anisotropy. Coke anisotropy was studied using image analysis of polarized light optical micrographs and x-ray diffraction. Aromaticity of the pitch was found to be the key parameter controlling coke anisotropy. Solvent was found to be the most important factor contributing to pitch aromaticity. Heat treated products of high aromaticity yield the highest coke conversion and anisotropy.
Severe Community-acquired Pneumonia: Epidemiology and Prognostic Factors (1991)

Over a period of 4 consecutive yr, 92 nonimmunosuppressed patients (21 women and 71 men aged 53 +/- 16 yr, means = SD) with critical acute respiratory failure (PaO2/FiO2, 209 +/- 9 mm Hg) caused by severe community-acquired pneumonia were admitted to the respiratory intensive care unit (RICU) of a general hospital. The most frequent underlying clinical condition was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (44 patients, 48%). A total of 56 patients (61%) required mechanical ventilation for a mean period of 10.7 +/- 12.5 days, 29 of them (52%) needing PEEP (9.9 +/- 3.8 cm H2O). A group of 23 (25%) patients had criteria of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A causal microorganism was identified in 48 patients (52%), the two most frequent etiologies being Streptococcus pneumoniae (14, 15%) and Legionella pneumophila (13, 14%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5, 5%) was always associated with bronchiectasis. Mortality due to severe community-acquired pneumonia was 22% (20 patients). According to univariate analysis, mortality was associated with anticipated death within 4 to 5 yr, inadequate antibiotic treatment before RICU admission, mechanical ventilation requirements, use of PEEP, FIO2 greater than 0.6, coexistence of ARDS, radiographic spread of the pneumonia during RICU admission, septic shock, bacteremia, and P. aeruginosa as the cause of the pneumonia. Further, recursive partitioning analysis selected two factors significantly related to the prognosis: the radiographic spread of the pneumonia during RICU admission and the presence of septic shock.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Evaluation of Client-Specific Outcome Measures and Activity Monitoring to Measure Pain Relief in Cats with Osteoarthritis (2007)

Both an AM and a CSOM system can detect behavior associated with pain relief in cats that are arthritic. Objective activity data might allow subjective assessment systems to be validated for use in clinical studies.
Research on method for real-time monitoring dynamic vehicle loading based on multi-sensors (2011)

In view of real-time monitoring dynamic vehicle loading, a nonlinear quarter-vehicle vibration model with two degrees of freedom and four parameters was established. The dynamic performance of suspension under different operating conditions was simulated. The general linear relation of dynamic suspension load and displacement was obtained through phase plane method. According to simulation results, a method for analyzing dynamic vehicle loading based on multi-sensors was put forward. A system of monitoring dynamic vehicle load status was designed and developed, which was installed on a FAW CA1169PK2L2EA80 heavy-duty truck and calibrated. Road tests were fulfilled under A-level road, 30 km/h and pre-set change of position of goods. The results of road tests showed that this method could real-time monitor the change of vehicle loading, which provided a new method of early-warning abnormal vehicle loading status.
An Industry Perspective on the NIMH Consensus Statement on Negative Symptoms (2006)

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia remain an area of substantial unmet clinical need. By convening a consensus conference in January 2005, the NIMH has taken a leading role in stimulating a resurgence of interest in methodological considerations related to development of new medications for treating negative symptoms. One audience for this work is clinical researchers in industry. They must take ideas, like those emerging from this consensus meeting, and determine whether they can be applied to their global trials in order to meet the needs of a broad group of customers, which include patients, clinicians, regulators, and payers. This article takes the ideas that surfaced from the NIMH consensus work and interprets them in terms of issues that industry faces for its clinical trials. Particular emphasis is given to addressing hurdles to study design and analysis that come when developing broad-spectrum or adjunctive agents that may be effective for negative symptoms.
REVIEWS OF BOOKS (1978)

Journal Article REVIEWS OF BOOKS Get access RECENT ADVANCES IN CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. Edited by R. A. Thompson Pp. 300. £10. ISBN 443 01388 8. Harlow, Essex: Longman. 1977. R. N. MAINI R. N. MAINI Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Rheumatology, Volume 17, Issue 2, May 1978, Pages 126–127, https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/17.2.126-a Published: 01 May 1978
'There aren't any buses and the swimming pool is always cold!': obstacles and opportunities in the provision of sport for disabled people (2001)

Abstract Sport for disabled people has advanced both in terms of policy formation and opportunities. However, many barriers still face disabled people when participating in sport and recreational activities. This exploratory study sets out to contrast policy with practice and to identify ways of overcoming such obstacles. Key organizations and providers of leisure facilities in the field of disability sport were interviewed as well as disabled people using local sports facilities. This is the first substantial study in the West Midlands region of England. Most organizations had disability policy statements although understanding of disability was often limited, with serious implications for policy implementation. Barriers to sports participation were identified, including physical access, changing facilities, attitudes of staff and other users, programming, and staff availability, with transport continuing to present major difficulties. The need for a fully developed understanding of the factors influencing the participation of disabled people in sport and physical recreation is emphasized and potential ways of overcoming barriers are considered. It is suggested that policy will only be effective in the field of disability sport if early and appropriate consultation has taken place with providers and users.
A new generation of high-power cellular repeaters (2002)

The design concepts and applications of an EIA type-IV cellular repeater being offered by the Antenna Specialists Company are described. As large metropolitan systems mature, customers expect coverage further and further out into the suburbs. Rural systems under development, on the other hand, may project only enough subscribers to justify a single cell site. Both of these systems would benefit from a booster that would significantly extend coverage, but cost only a fraction of the amount of a conventional cell site. The Extend-A-Cell IV high power repeater system has been designed with these applications in mind. The high-power, frequency-translating cellular repeater is designed to significantly extend the coverage range of a cell site. This repeater is frequency-agile and translating, completely remote controlled, and unlike earlier boosters that required donor-cell sectorization requires no system modifications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The pherophorins: common, versatile building blocks in the evolution of extracellular matrix architecture in Volvocales (2005)

Green algae of the order Volvocales provide an unrivalled opportunity for exploring the transition from unicellularity to multicellularity. They range from unicells, like Chlamydomonas, through homocytic colonial forms with increasing cooperation of individual cells, like Gonium or Pandorina, to heterocytic multicellular forms with different cell types and a complete division of labour, like Volvox. A fundamental requirement for the evolution of multicellularity is the development of a complex, multifunctional extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM has many functions, which can change under developmental control or as a result of environmental factors. Here molecular data from 15 novel proteins are presented. These proteins have been identified in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Gonium pectorale, Pandorina morum and Volvox carteri, and all belong to a single protein family, the pherophorins. Pherophorin-V1 is shown to be a glycoprotein localized to the 'cellular zone' of the V. carteri ECM. Pherophorin-V1 and -V2 mRNAs are strongly induced not only by the sex inducer, which triggers sexual development at extremely low concentrations, but also by mechanical wounding. Like the extensins of higher plants, which are also developmentally controlled or sometimes inducible by wounding, the pherophorins contain a (hydroxy-)proline-rich (HR) rod-like domain and are abundant within the extracellular compartment. In contrast to most extensins, pherophorins have additional globular A and B domains on both ends of the HR domains. Therefore pherophorins most closely resemble a particular class of higher plant extensin, the solanaceous lectins (e.g. potato lectin), suggesting multivalent carbohydrate-binding functions are present within the A and B domains and are responsible for cross-linking. Our results suggest that pherophorins are used as the building blocks for the extracellular scaffold throughout the Volvocales, with the characteristic mesh sizes in different ECM structures being a result of the highly diverse extensions of the HR domains. Pherophorins have therefore been a versatile element during the evolution of ECM architecture in these green algae.
Fiberoptic Line-Sensing System for Perimeter Protection Against Intrusion (1986)

The nowaday most widely used security sensors for perimeter protection are IR light barrier, buried magnetic sensor, and leaky coaxial cable sensor. Requiring alignment, clean optics and clear path which may be degraded by heavy rain or blowing dust, light barriers are not suitable for many out-of-doors applications. Incapable to turn around corners is another disadvantage. On the other hand, magnetic and leaky cable sensors are not suitable for use in extremely hostile EMI environments. Thus there is a need for a better line sensor for areas of severe EMI.
Lemierre's syndrome - the uncommon cold (2005)

The SA Journal of Radiology is the official journal of the Radiological Society of South Africa and the Professional Association of Radiologists in South Africa and Namibia. The SA Journal of Radiology is a general diagnostic radiological journal which carries original research and review articles, pictorial essays, case reports, letters, editorials, radiological practice and other radiological articles.
Teks - konteks : 'n ideologiese magspel of 'n dialektiese dissonansie? : research article (2002)

The reversal of the conventional relationship between musical foreground and political background and the concomitant formation of a new relationship, that is political foreground - musical background, was the result of the (mainly legitimate) claims of new musicology. The concept of context may be accessed from a variety of theoretical positions, but this article focuses on the role of ideology within a contextual approach. It takes literary theory and current ideological claims as starting-point to view the strained relationship between text and context in a historical perspective. An ideological approach foregrounds the function of the text, rather than its interpretability. More specifically this article is an investigation into the possibilities, boundaries and limitations of interpretation. As opposed to either an approach in which the work of art is regarded as an autonomous aesthetic object, or a contextual approach in which matters outside the text constitute the primary concern, I argue for a more nuanced view in which text and context function as equal partners in a kind of dialogue. Finally I adopt the relationship between consonance and dissonance as metaphor to represent the problematic relationship between text and context.
Adaptive algorithms for choosing transmission parameters in dynamic channel conditions (2003)

Modern communication systems are designed to be robust while maximizing achieved capacity. To achieve this goal, many standards allow the use a variety of coding schemes, constellations, error coding capabilities and other transmission parameters. The transmission parameters in use should be tailored to the actual channel conditions. Hence, there is a need for algorithms that analyze channel impairments using digital signal processing methods and determine the optimal transmission parameters accordingly. Furthermore, as channel conditions vary over time, these algorithms should be adaptive. The capabilities of the receiver in use should be taken into consideration as well. We present the benefits of developing such adaptive algorithms and demonstrate them in several contemporary standards. In the case of cable modem communication, we present a solution that employs digital signal processor (DSP) based upstream channel analysis (DUCA) adaptive algorithms. Simulation results of such adaptive algorithms are included.
Confocal surface profiling utilizing chromatic aberration (1992)

Abstract A new method for surface profiling in the confocal microscope utilizing chromatic aberration is presented. An expression for the integrated spectral intensity in the new profilometer is derived and chromatic aberration in the confocal microscope is explained. Estimates of the minimum resolvable depth and the maximum depth that can be profiled are given utilizing a ratiometric signal detection scheme. Examples of ratio images illustrating the new surface profiling technique are presented, showing the scheme to be both simple to implement and effective.
Green Innovation in China (2015)

Abstract This chapter examines China's rapid rise in the global wind power industry, despite the fact that the nation is the largest emitter of greenhouse gases and the world's single largest source of emissions. It briefly looks into how China is now succeeding at green innovation rather than just replicating technologies from elsewhere and manufacturing them inexpensively. China's emergence as a green energy leader comes at a time when energy is the topmost concern of most national security agendas, and when climate change is being linked to extreme weather events and disasters. Given global concern about the impact of China's rapidly increasing energy needs on global supplies and its ability almost singlehandedly to change the global climate system, it is worthwhile to understand how and why Beijing has embraced green innovation, which could play a crucial role in the global transition to a low-carbon economy.
Esthetic Smile Analysis of Maxillary Anterior Tooth Width: The Golden Percentage (1999)

This article considers a bilateral analysis of apparent individual tooth width as a percentage of the total apparent width of the anterior segment and proposes the concept of the Golden Percentage as a more useful application in diagnosing and developing symmetry, dominance, and proportion for esthetically pleasing smiles.
ACOUSTIC ATTENUATION OF A SINGLE-DOMAIN LITHIUM NIOBATE CRYSTAL AT MICROWAVE FREQUENCIES (1966)

The pulse echo technique is employed to measure the acoustic wave attenuation along the c axis of a single-domain lithium niobate crystal at room temperature up to c band frequencies. Initial experiments show that the frequency dependence of the attenuation is nearly quadratic as predicted by theory. Approximately 13 dB of loss per μsec of time delay is observed at 5.5 GHz. The relatively low-loss characteristics, coupled with the self-transduction properties, make lithium niobate a leading candidate for microwave room-temperature delay line applications.
Morphology of regenerated silk fibroin: Effects of freezing temperature, alcohol addition, and molecular weight (2001)

Abstract Regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) was prepared by dissolving in a CaCl 2 /ethanol/H 2 O solvent system, freezing, and lyophilization. The effect of freezing temperature, alcohol addition, and molecular weight on the morphological and conformational changes were investigated through scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry analysis. However, the addition of a small amount of methanol induced the morphological change of RSF to a fine‐particle aggregate, which resulted from the formation of a β‐sheet crystalline structure. The lower the freezing temperature was, the more the formation of aggregates was favored, and the finer powder aggregates were formed. As the amount of added hydrophilic alcohol such as methanol and ethanol increased in the silk fibroin solution, a spherical powder form was changed to fine aggregates with the enhancement of thermal stability and crystallinity. On the other hand, RSFs prepared with a hydrophobic alcohol such as 1‐butanol or 1‐octanol showed a lump‐like or sheet‐like shape of morphology without any changes in conformational transition. It is concluded that the molecular weight of the silk fibroin and the type and amount of alcohol were determining factors in the morphological features of RSF, especially the size and shape of fibroin particles. A uniform ultrafine powder of RSF with a spherical form (∼ 1 μm) can be obtained when the molecular weight and the alcohol addition to the silk fibroin solution are controlled. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 3008–3021, 2001
A Multi-Stage Classifier Based Algorithm of Pedestrian Detection in Night with a Near Infrared Camera in a Moving Car (2005)

The paper presents an algorithm of pedestrian detection in night using a near infrared camera which is installed in a moving car. To deal with several kinds of primary disturbances in the road, we adopt a multi-stage classifier which eliminates certain kinds of disturbances in every stage. In the final stage, a classifier based on 2D pedestrian shape model is especially designed to make decision. The speed of detection can be accelerated due to the multi-stage strategy. The experiment shows our method is promising.
Laparoscopie Cholangiography (1992)

One hundred sixty-five operative cholangiograms were attempted in 364 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (45%). Laparoscopic cholangiography was successful in 150 of 165 attempts (91%). Eighty-nine per cent of studies were normal (134/150) and 11% were abnormal (16/150). All 134 patients with normal cholangiograms remained asymptomatic (false-negative rate, 0%). False-positive studies occurred in 3 of 150 (2%) total cholangiograms and 3 of 12 (25%) abnormal cholangiograms consistent with choledocholithiasis. A total of 16 of 364 patients had proven common bile duct stones (4.4%). Eight of the sixteen stones were removed by preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography/sphincterotomy. Five of sixteen stones were found at cholangiography, four of which were unsuspected (4/150, 2.6%). Retained common duct stones were found in 3 of 214 patients not undergoing cholangiography (1.4%). No complications or deaths occurred that were due to cholangiography. One biliary injury occurred (1/364, 0.3%), in a patient with aberrant anatomy who did not undergo cholangiography. Laparoscopic cholangiography is a safe technique with a success rate greater than 90%. Routine cholangiography is presently recommended for prevention of biliary injury, detection of stones in the cystic and common ducts, and for training purposes, especially during the learning phase of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Somalia Famine: Terrorism and Landmines Hinder Aid (2012)

Drought, rising food prices, famine and conflict have forced thousands of Somalis to flee to neighboring countries or become internally displaced. Aid agencies continue delivering food, but the ongoing conflict between al-Shabab and Somali government forces makes additional help difficult. The landmine threat further exacerbates the crisis, contributing to food insecurity, endangering refugees and threatening aid agencies trying to reach those in need.
Synthesis of the s-Triazine System. VI.<sup>1</sup> Preparation of Unsymmetrically Substituted s-Triazines by Reaction of Amidine Salts with Imidates (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of the s-Triazine System. VI.1 Preparation of Unsymmetrically Substituted s-Triazines by Reaction of Amidine Salts with ImidatesFred C. SchaeferCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 10, 3608–3613Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01057a052https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01057a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views528Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts