gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PIV-3 vaccine National Institutes of Health/Aviron. (2001)

Wyeth-Lederle, Aviron and NIH are developing a live intranasal parainfluenza virus (PIV) type 3 vaccine (cp45 vaccine). The vaccine is in phase II/III trials with Aviron [411386], and phase I trials with Wyeth-Lederle [408940]. It consists of a temperature-sensitive PIV-3 virus attenuated with an imported L gene mutation. This addition renders the virus 5-fold more restricted for replication in the respiratory tract of chimpanzees and also more temperature-sensitive [336999].
A Frequency-Stabilized MIC Oscillator Using a Newly-Developed Dielectric Resonator (2005)

A GaAs FET MIC oscillator with very high frequency stability has been developed using a newly-developed dielectric resonator. The key to designing the dielectric resonator was to make the temperature dependence of the resonance frequency linear. This characteristic was realized in a stacking-type dielectric resonator with zirconate ceramics. The obtained frequency stability of /spl plusmn/85 kHz in temperatures -20 to +60/spl deg/C is sufficient for AM SHF TV receivers.
Combination of Hyperband and Bayesian Optimization for Hyperparameter Optimization in Deep Learning (2018)

Deep learning has achieved impressive results on many problems. However, it requires high degree of expertise or a lot of experience to tune well the hyperparameters, and such manual tuning process is likely to be biased. Moreover, it is not practical to try out as many different hyperparameter configurations in deep learning as in other machine learning scenarios, because evaluating each single hyperparameter configuration in deep learning would mean training a deep neural network, which usually takes quite long time. Hyperband algorithm achieves state-of-the-art performance on various hyperparameter optimization problems in the field of deep learning. However, Hyperband algorithm does not utilize history information of previous explored hyperparameter configurations, thus the solution found is suboptimal. We propose to combine Hyperband algorithm with Bayesian optimization (which does not ignore history when sampling next trial configuration). Experimental results show that our combination approach is superior to other hyperparameter optimization approaches including Hyperband algorithm.
Thermal printer (1973)

This paper describes a method of printing using solid-state thermal printers. A matrix of silicon transistor-resistor heating elements organized in a 5/spl times/7 array is used to print on thermographic paper at speeds up to 30 characters/s. Material processing capable of achieving high-performance (<100 mJ/element energy dissipation for a clearly printed character) and high reliability (>25000000 character prints) is utilized. A general description of the thermal printer is given followed by a more detailed analysis using mathematical models to investigate its electrical- thermal operation. The necessary electrical interface requirements between the thermal printer and external logic and the mechanical interface between the printhead and thermographic paper is discussed.
Radiation Exposure and Radiation Protection in Interventional Cardiology (2005)

In an era of an increasing number of invasive procedures particular attention to radiation exposure and protection measures for patients and staff is warranted. Ionising radiation accounts for risk-dose-dependent stochastic effects (no threshold dose) and dose-dependent deterministic effects (threshold dose). The effective dose (ED) is a weighted sum of equivalent doses delivered to various organs to assess the stochastic risk, whereas deterministic effects are related to the entrance dose. Dosearea- product (DAP) is an indicator of the ED to the patient, which is approximately 5–20 mSv per coronary angiography (CA). The most important factors influencing DAP are fluoroscopy level, the use of cinegraphy, complexity of the procedure, and skill of the operator, which most of can be optimised to reduce radiation to the patient. The operator is not directly exposed to the X-beam, but to a considerable amount of scatter radiation. The annual ED of an interventional cardiologist consequently using a lead apron will hardly exceed the annual dose limit of 20 mSv. However, ED measurement with one or two dosimeters does not reflect the doses to susceptible unprotected parts of the body, namely the hands and the eyes, which may be affected by deterministic effects such as the development of cataract. The use of a lead glass screen placed between patient and operator markedly reduces the dose to the operator’s eyes but has almost no effect on the dose to the hands. As shown by several recently published studies, there is a high potential to reduce DAP levels and thus to reduce radiation to the patient and to improve lead shielding with subsequently enhanced safety for staff. Unfortunately, these trials do not reflect the current practice in many catheterisation laboratories. Therefore, awareness of the problem and efforts to improve the current standard are required.
Anatomy of an X terminal (1991)

The X Window System, an open, vendor-neutral standard based on the client/server model is discussed, focusing on its improvements and differences with respect to ASCII terminals. This model permits physically independent application processing and display processing, communicating over a local-area network by means of a well-defined set of graphics commands that comprise the X protocol. The human factors that influence the interface design, the communication protocol, the memory architecture, and other features are examined. Performance rating results are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
BrnoCompSpeed: Review of Traffic Camera Calibration and Comprehensive Dataset for Monocular Speed Measurement. (2017)

In this paper, we focus on traffic camera calibration and a visual speed measurement from a single monocular camera, which is an important task of visual traffic surveillance. Existing methods addressing this problem are difficult to compare due to a lack of a common data set with reliable ground truth. Therefore, it is not clear how the methods compare in various aspects and what factors are affecting their performance. We captured a new data set of 18 full-HD videos, each around 1 hr long, captured at six different locations. Vehicles in the videos (20865 instances in total) are annotated with the precise speed measurements from optical gates using LiDAR and verified with several reference GPS tracks. We made the data set available for download and it contains the videos and metadata (calibration, lengths of features in image, annotations, and so on) for future comparison and evaluation. Camera calibration is the most crucial part of the speed measurement; therefore, we provide a brief overview of the methods and analyze a recently published method for fully automatic camera calibration and vehicle speed measurement and report the results on this data set in detail.
Cloning, functional analysis, and transcriptional regulation of the Bacillus subtilis araE gene involved in L-arabinose utilization (1997)

The Bacillus subtilis araR locus (mapped at about 294 degrees on the genetic map) comprises two open reading frames with divergently arranged promoters, the regulatory gene, araR, encoding a repressor, and a partially cloned gene, termed araE by analogy to the Escherichia coli L-arabinose permease gene. Here, we report the cloning and sequencing of the entire araE gene encoding a 50.4-kDa polypeptide. The araE gene is monocistronic (as determined by Northern blot analysis), and its putative product is very similar to a number of prokaryotic proton-linked monosaccharide transporters (the group I family of membrane transport proteins). Insertional inactivation of the araE gene leads to a conditional Ara- phenotype dependent on the concentration of L-arabinose in the medium. Therefore, we assume that araE encodes a permease involved in L-arabinose transport into the cell. The araE promoter region contains -10 and -35 regions (as determined by primer extension analysis) very similar to those recognized by RNA polymerase containing the major vegetative-cell sigma factor sigmaA, and the -35 region of the transcription start point for araE is located 2 bp from the -35 region of the araR gene. Transcriptional studies demonstrated that the expression from the araE promoter is induced by L-arabinose, repressed by glucose, and negatively regulated by AraR. These observations are consistent with a model according to which in the absence of L-arabinose, AraR binds to a site(s) within the araE/araR promoter, preventing transcription from the araE promoter and simultaneously limiting the frequency of initiation from its own promoter; the addition of L-arabinose will allow transcription from the araE promoter and increase the frequency of initiation from the araR promoter.
U.S.-China Nonproliferation Cooperation: Debacle or Success? A Constructivist/Neorealist Debate (1998)

”Social constructivists embrace a distributed view of knowledge. Knowledge is located neither in the mind nor in any representation of the mind. All of our understandings are situation in complex webs of experience, action, and interaction.” This article explores the psychological underpinnings of China's (non)pro4feration strategy. It argues that China's participation in nonproliferation regimes demonstrates a clear pattern of shifting identities or elastic behavior The Chinese view is based on a concept of cultural realism. The psycho-strategic nexus of identities and interests is itself founded on the trinity of China as a permanent Security Council member a second-tier nuclear power and a Third World state. The fungibility among these three constructive roles creates a web of norms and identities, defining China's proper roles and defending the Chinese national interests from the intrusion of nonproliferation regimes.
Recent Advances in Pulse Cyclic and Square-Wave Cyclic Voltammetric Analysis (1991)

Abstract If rapid quantitative electrochemical analysis was to evolve, the charging current that plagues electrochemical measurements had to be minimized. These currents occur when rapidly changing potentials are applied to an electrode solution interface. This initated the research of modified potential waveforms such as those used in pulse and square wave polarography. These methods have been shown to filter out much of the effect of charging current and are used extensively in routine analysis. Similarly, pulse methods coupled with cyclic voltammetry also reduce noise and analysis times and in addition provide more qualitative information. A historical review of the various techniques that reject charging current is discussed with emphasis placed on recent studies with modified cyclic voltammetry waveforms. Key Words: square-wavecyclic voltammetrypulse cyclic voltammetrysquare-wave cyclic voltammetrylinear sweep
Resin Paraffin Additive (1981)

A modified resin wax embedding media has been used in this laboratory for all types of specimens for the past six years. An overview of the various formulas and the advantages and disadvantages of resin embedding medias are discussed.
Effect of suture technique on blood velocity waveforms in the microvascular anastomosis of autogenous vein graft (1983)

In using autogenous vein grafts in microvascular surgery, maintenance of compliance at the site of anastomosis is of importance in achieving patency. Using high-frequency, 20 MHz, pulsed Doppler ultrasonography to monitor blood flow velocity through the vein graft, we have evaluated the effects of continuous and interrupted suture technique on anastomotic compliance in vessels less than 1.5 mm in diameter. In 15 dogs, 15 procedures of each technique, using the continuous technique in one limb and the interrupted technique on the contralateral limb, patency rates for both techniques, documented by arteriography, are 100% at a mean follow-up of 11 weeks. There were no significant differences in the blood velocity profile and pulsatility proximally, distally, and at the graft site between continuous and interrupted technique. This study confirms the suggestion that autogenous vein graft has sufficient elasticity to maintain normal arterial blood velocity waveforms.
Immunomodulation by Adjuvants (1991)

The immune response has evolved different mechanisms of protection against intracellular and extracellular pathogens. The latter are controlled by antibody, which neutralises bacterial toxins and viruses and opsonises bacteria to facilitate their engulfment by phagocytes. Intracellular pathogens can also be attacked by antibody, but this must be of an isotype that can mediate the killing of infected cells by complement-dependent lysis or by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). In addition, cell-mediated immunity (CMI) can contribute to protection against intracellular pathogens. This can take the form of CD4-positive T lymphocytes which secrete interferon gamma (IFN-ganma) which activates macrophages to destroy pathogens resident within them, such as mycobacteria or leishmania; or CD8-positive cytotoxic T lymphocytes which directly lyse infected cells.
Dynamically Adaptive User Profiling for Personalized Recommendations (2012)

Modelling user interests for time sensitive domains like RSS feeds and spontaneous social media has been a vibrant research activity in recent times. Although numerous efforts have been invested in to the personalisation of dynamic web content, the voluminous and diversified production of continuous online information still poses significant research challenges. In this paper, we propose a profiling mechanism that learns the user access patterns in a dynamic environment like RSS feeds. Main goal of the proposed mechanism is the retrieval optimisation and personalised recommendation of RSS feeds in close to real time. The mechanism allocates personalized time windows based on the learned access patterns and tries to minimize the chances of time-sensitive information from being missed by the user using a delay minimisation algorithm based on Non-homogenous Poisson Process. The mechanism acquires implicit feedback from the user interaction to calculate potential recommendations. The experiments conducted prove the significance of the mechanism in terms of optimised information retrieval and faster adaptation process where it clearly outperforms the other mechanisms in the literature on these properties.
Cryo-EM analyses reveal the common mechanism and diversification in the activation of RET by different ligands (2019)

RET is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that plays essential roles in development and has been implicated in several human diseases. Different from most of RTKs, RET requires not only its cognate ligands but also co-receptors for activation, the mechanisms of which remain unclear due to lack of high-resolution structures of the ligand/co-receptor/receptor complexes. Here, we report cryo-EM structures of the extracellular region ternary complexes of GDF15/GFRAL/RET, GDNF/GFRα1/RET, NRTN/GFRα2/RET and ARTN/GFRα3/RET. These structures reveal that all the four ligand/co-receptor pairs, while using different atomic interactions, induce a specific dimerization mode of RET that is poised to bring the two kinase domains into close proximity for cross-phosphorylation. The NRTN/GFRα2/RET dimeric complex further pack into a tetrameric assembly, which is shown by our cell-based assays to regulate the endocytosis of RET. Our analyses therefore reveal both the common mechanism and diversification in the activation of RET by different ligands.
Monitoring a Water Flood of Moderate Saturation Changes with Crosswell Electromagnetics (EM): A Case Study from Dom Joao Brazil (2012)

Pattern water flooding has recently been pilot tested at the Dom Joao oil field in northern Brazil to improve recovery over the earlier peripheral flooding. The conformance and sweep of the injected water has been monitored over several years using well logs and crosswell EM and the small pilot features fiberglass cased injection wells which are also used for well based and crosswell monitoring using inductive measurements. Baseline crosswell EM data were collected in 2008, prior to initiation of water flooding in 2009. Time lapse crosswell EM and induction logging data collected in 2011 were used to image the water saturation changes between wells. After 2.5 years of flooding, repeated logs indicate that the resistivity has decreased from 12-15 ohm-m to 6-8 ohm-m in some intervals and less in others; this is less than half of the expected change and it is likely due to poor conformance. Tracking this small formation resistivity anomaly has proved challenging for the crosswell EM program, requiring high accuracy data collection and precision tool positioning to recover the 3%-5% field anomalies. Fortunately, benign field conditions and a newly developed field system have provided two remarkable data sets in which the data in non-flooded (i.e. shale) intervals repeat to 1% or less and the small anomalies recovered are imaged with some confidence. The crosswell results have provided an image consistent with the logs showing a low resistivity plume around each injector. The plume typically progresses 50-70m from each injector, and mainly in the upper parts of the reservoir. This suggests that the flooding is progressing slowly and that much of the injected water is traveling to producers in already swept intervals.
Postoperative Epidural Fibrosis (2009)

A statistical comparison of the clinical picture in the 2 surgically treated groups failed to reach statistical significance. Nevertheless, a trend toward better clinical picture in the steroid mix group was observed. Paradoxically, when statistically compared, the rate of EF build-up was found greater in the steroid-treated group. A 5% statistical significance was established in the correlation between the presence of EF and the patients' subjective rating (difference between input and output visual analog scale).
Identification and management of the toxic adolescent. (1985)

Experimentation with alcohol and drugs is prevalent in adolescence. The clinical caring for older children, adolescents, and young adults must include substance misuse or abuse whenever behavioral, family, or related medical problems occur. A systematic approach using checklist and questionnaires, a directed physical examination, selected laboratory testing, and a 3-visit (or more) evaluation protocol will provide the clinician with the opportunity to assess patients and provide both them and their families with appropriate referrals. Most if not all clinicians seeing adolescents have these patients in their practices. Making the diagnosis is a result of recognition of symptoms and signs, evaluation, and appropriate referrals. The foregoing discussion should provide one approach to patient management that can result in the retrieval of a substantial number of our youth from an alcohol and drug-dominant lifestyle with its irreversible medical, social, and emotional residue.
Talk to the Virtual Hands: Self-Animated Avatars Improve Communication in Head-Mounted Display Virtual Environments (2011)

Taken together, the studies show how (a) virtual reality can be used to systematically study the influence of body gestures; (b) it is important that nonverbal communication is bidirectional (real nonverbal feedback in addition to nonverbal communication from the describing participant); and (c) there are differences in the amount of body gestures that participants use with and without the head-mounted display, and we discuss possible explanations for this and ideas for future investigation.
QS-21 and QS-7: purified saponin adjuvants. (1998)

QS-21 and QS-7 are two adjuvant-active saponins that can be obtained in high purity from Quillaja saponaria Molina extracts. QS-21 is a highly characterized compound and is known to be a potent adjuvant for antibody and CD8+ CTL response to subunit antigens. Less is known about the activity and structure of the hydrophilic saponin QS-7. Hence, we have carried out a detailed structural and immunological characterization. As with QS-21, QS-7 was shown to be a 3,28-O-bisglycoside quillaic acid, with some differences being a higher degree of glycosylation and a considerably shorter fatty acyl unit in QS-7. These differences were correlated to a lower lytic activity against sheep red blood cells. Different doses of QS-7 were evaluated for stimulation of immune response to the antigen ovalbumin, given three times by subcutaneous route to C57BL/6 mice. QS-7 doses of 40 micrograms or higher were shown to induce a strong CD8+ CTL response reproducibly against E. G7-OVA targets (similar to that induced by a 5-10 micrograms dose of QS-21). QS-7 (at doses above 5 micrograms) was also shown to stimulate CTL against peptide 18 of HIV-1IIIB gp120 after three immunizations of Balb/c mice with recombinant gp120 and different doses of QS-7. These data suggest that a hydrophilic saponin with low lytic activity can stimulate MHC Class I CTL responses although a higher minimum dose may be required for some antigens.
GDP-Mannose-4,6-Dehydratase Is a Cytosolic Partner of Tankyrase 1 That Inhibits Its Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Activity (2012)

Tankyrase 1 is a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) that participates in a broad range of cellular activities due to interaction with multiple binding partners. Tankyrase 1 recognizes a linear six-amino-acid degenerate motif and, hence, has hundreds of potential target proteins. Binding of partner proteins to tankyrase 1 usually results in their poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARsylation) and can lead to ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. However, it is not known how tankyrase 1 PARP activity is regulated. Here we identify GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase (GMD) as a binding partner of tankyrase 1. GMD is a cytosolic protein required for the first step of fucose synthesis. We show that GMD is complexed to tankyrase 1 in the cytosol throughout interphase, but its association with tankyrase 1 is reduced upon entry into mitosis, when tankyrase 1 binds to its other partners TRF1 (at telomeres) and NuMA (at spindle poles). In contrast to other binding partners, GMD is not PARsylated by tankyrase 1. Indeed, we show that GMD inhibits tankyrase 1 PARP activity in vitro, dependent on the GMD tankyrase 1 binding motif. In vivo, depletion of GMD led to degradation of tankyrase 1, dependent on the catalytic PARP activity of tankyrase 1. We speculate that association of tankyrase 1 with GMD in the cytosol sequesters tankyrase 1 in an inactive stable form that can be tapped by other target proteins as needed.
Taxonomy of File Fragments Using Gray-Level Co-Occurrence Matrices (2013)

Researches up to data have focused on using non texture based methods in addressing the problem of classifying the data types of file fragments. In this research we considered a file fragment as a 8 bit grayscale image and the Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM) based method was used to extract textural features. Texture features for fragment dimensions 8 × 8, 16 × 16, 32 × 32 and 64 × 64 and gray level quantizations from 4 to 64 with step increments of 4 were explored. The K nearest neighbor classifier was used as the classifier and the optimal GLCM features for a particular gray level and fragment dimension were determined using Sequential Forward Selection (SFS) algorithm. On the classification of 7 data types, our novel approach reached a maximum overall accuracy of 86.86% in classifying 64 × 64 sized fragments with 12 gray levels.
Skin cancer trends in Northern Ireland and consequences for provision of dermatology services (2007)

In view of the data presented it is clear that management of NMSC and MM will impose significant demands on services in the years ahead. This will impact on the entire multidisciplinary team. Future planning, in terms of manpower and resources, will prove essential if we are to remain in a position to manage our patients with these malignant tumours appropriately.