gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stronger authentication for password using virtual password and secret little functions (2014)

People enjoy the convenience of on-line services, Automated Teller Machines (ATMs), and pervasive computing, but online environments, ATMs, and pervasive computing may bring many risks by adversaries. To prevent users passwords from adversaries by implementing a differentiated virtual password concept in which a user has the freedom to choose a virtual password scheme ranging from weak security to strong security, where a virtual password requires a small amount of human computing to secure users passwords. A user-specified function/program is used to implement the virtual password concept with a tradeoff of security for complexity requiring a small amount of human computing. Further we propose several functions to serve as system recommended functions and provide a security analysis. For user-specified functions, we adopt a secret little functions in which security is enhanced by hiding secret functions/algorithms. Analyze how the proposed scheme defends against phishing, key logger, and shoulder-surfing attacks. The virtual password mechanism is the first one which is able to defend against all three attacks together.
Land Subsidence Due to the Application of Water (1969)

Abstract Loose, dry, low-density deposits that compact when they are wetted mantle extensive areas in North America, Europe, and Asia. This process, here referred to as hydrocompaction, has produced widespread subsidence of the land surface. Hydrocompaction may occur under natural overburden load or may occur only with the addition of a surcharge load. Deposits that subside because of hydrocompaction are generally one of two types: (1) loose, moisture-deficient alluvial deposits; and (2) moisture-deficient loess and related eolian deposits. Such deposits occur in regions where seasonal rainfall seldom, if ever, is sufficient to penetrate below the root zone; thus, they have remained moisture deficient throughout their postdepositional history and are readily susceptible to hydrocompaction when they are artificially wetted. Subsidence due to hydrocompaction is of serious concern in the design and maintenance of aqueducts, buildings, pipe lines, highways, and other major engineering structures. Damage usually can be minimized by precompacting the deposits before construction begins.
Apolipoprotein B100 biogenesis: a complex array of intracellular mechanisms regulating folding, stability, and lipoprotein assemblyThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this special issue entitled “Canadian Society of Biochemistry, Molecular & Cellular Biology 52nd Annual Meeting — Protein Folding: Principles and Diseases” and has undergone the Journal's usual peer review process. (2010)

Apolipoprotein B100 (apoB) is a large amphipathic lipid-binding protein that is synthesized by hepatocytes and used to assemble and stabilize very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). It may have been derived through evolution from other lipid-associating proteins such as microsomal triglyceride transfer protein or vitellogenin. The correct folding of apoB requires assistance from chaperone proteins in co-translational lipidation, disulfide bond formation, and glycosylation. Any impairment in these processes results in co-translational targeting of the misfolded apoB molecule for proteasomal degradation. In fact, most of the regulation of apoB production is mediated by intracellular degradation. ApoB that misfolds post-translationally, perhaps as a result of oxidative stress, may be eliminated through autophagy. This review focuses on the proposed pentapartite domain structure of apoB, the role that each domain plays in the binding of lipid species and regulation of apoB synthesis, and the process of VLDL assembly. The factors involved in the recognition, ubiquitination, and proteasomal delivery of defective apoB molecules are also discussed.
Easy Processing Metallocene Polyethylene (1999)

A new family of metallocene polyethylene (mPE) has an outstanding combination of processability, toughness and stiffness. It provides an opportunity to downgauge and improve extrusion output in applications where blends of conventional Ziegler-Natta catalyzed linear low density polyethylene (ZN-LLDPE) and high pressure low density polyethylene (HP-LDPE) are currently used. The processability of this new product was found to be significantly better than that of ZN-LLDPE and comparable to that of ZN-LLDPE/HP-LDPE blends. Its film properties are substantially better than blends of ZN-LLDPE and HP-LDPE. Its dart impact strength is 60% better than that of a comparable ZN-LLDPE product.
Combining Microdialysis, NanoLC-MS, and MALDI-TOF/TOF To Detect Neuropeptides Secreted in the Crab, <i>Cancer borealis</i> (2008)

Microdialysis is a useful technique for sampling neuropeptides in vivo, and decapod crustaceans are important model organisms for studying how these peptides regulate physiological processes. However, to date, no microdialysis procedure has been reported for sampling neuropeptides from crustaceans. Here we report the first application of microdialysis to sample neuropeptides from the hemolymph of the crab, Cancer borealis. Microdialysis probes were implanted into the pericardial region of live crabs, and the resulting dialysates were desalted, concentrated, and analyzed by LC-ESI-QTOF and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Analysis of in vitro microdialysates of hemolymph revealed more neuropeptides and fewer protein fragments than hemolymph prepared by typical analysis methods. Mass spectra of in vivo dialysates displayed neuropeptides from 10 peptide families, including the RFamide, allatostatin, and orcokinin families. In addition, GAHKNYLRFa, SDRNFLRFa, and TNRNFLRFa were sequenced from hemolymph dialysates. The detection of these neuropeptides in the hemolymph suggests that they are functioning as hormones as well as neuromodulators. In vivo microdialysis offers the capability to further study these and other neuropeptides in crustacean hemolymph, complementing current tissue-based studies and extending our knowledge of hormonal regulation of physiological states.
Mutation of the AAUAAA polyadenylation signal depresses in vitro splicing of proximal but not distal introns. (1991)

To investigate the relationship between splicing and polyadenylation during the production of vertebrate mRNAs, we examined the effect of mutation of a poly(A) site on splicing of upstream introns. Mutation of the AAUAAA polyadenylation consensus sequence inhibited in vitro splicing of an upstream intron. The magnitude of the depression depended on the magnesium concentration. Dependence of splicing on polyadenylation signals suggests the existence of interaction between polyadenylation and splicing factors. In multi-intron precursor RNAs containing duplicated splice sites, mutation of the poly(A) site inhibited removal of the last intron, but not the removal of introns farther upstream. Inhibition of removal of only the last intron suggests segmental recognition of multi-exon precursor RNAs and is consistent with previous suggestions that signals at both ends of an exon are required for effective splicing of an upstream intron.
Clipping the Wings of Glioblastoma: Modulation of WNT as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy (2016)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor and has a dismal prognosis. Aberrant WNT signaling is known to promote glioma cell growth and dissemination and resistance to conventional radio- and chemotherapy. Moreover, a population of cancer stem-like cells that promote glioma growth and recurrence are strongly dependent on WNT signaling. Here, we discuss the role and mechanisms of aberrant canonical and noncanonical WNT signaling in GBM. We present current clinical approaches aimed at modulating WNT activity and evaluate their clinical perspective as a novel treatment option for GBM.
Transforming Growth Factor-β May Be a Key Mediator of the Fibrogenic Properties of Neural Cells in Leprosy (2013)

Fibrosis is the main cause of irreversible nerve damage in leprosy. Phenotypic changes in Mycobacterium leprae (ML)-infected Schwann cells (SCs) have been suggested to mediate this process. We found that SC line cultures stimulated with ML upregulated transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and that TGF-β1 or ML induced increased numbers of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive cells with characteristic stress fibers. Mycobacterium leprae and TGF-β1 also induced increased type I collagen and fibronectin mRNA and secretion and augmented mRNA levels of SOX9 and ZEB1, which are involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These effects could be inhibited by the TGF-β1 type I receptor (ALK5) inhibitor, SB-431542. In nerve biopsies from leprosy-infected patients with varying grades of fibrosis (n = 11), type I and III collagen and fibronectin were found in the endoneurium and perineurium, α-SMA-positive cells filled the fibrotic perineurium but not the endoneurium, and CD34-positive fibroblasts predominated in the endoneurium. Results of transcriptional studies of 3 leprosy nerves and 5 controls were consistent with these data, but α-SMA and other mRNA levels were not different from those in the control samples. Our findings suggest that TGF-β1 may orchestrate events, including reprogramming of the SC phenotype, leading to transdifferentiation, connective tissue cell expansion, and fibrogenesis in the evolution of leprosy nerve lesions during some evolutionary stages.
Towards an HIV cure (2014)

Given the challenge of delivering complex, expensive and potentially harmful antiretroviral therapy (ART) on a global level, there is intense interest in the development of short-term, well-tolerated regimens that allow individuals to interrupt therapy indefinitely without experiencing a rebound in viremia. This so-called "cure" or "remission" might be due to complete eradication of all replication-competent HIV during ART or durable host-mediated control of persistent virus in absence of ART. Recent heroic interventions such as hematopoietic stem cell transplant and very early initiation of antiretroviral therapy suggest that dramatic reductions in the reservoir size can be achieved, but that complete eradication will be difficult if not impossible to achieve. Most attempts to stimulate effective host-mediated control of HIV have failed. It is likely that for a true cure to be achieved, both approaches - reductions in the reservoir size and durable immune surveillance - will be needed, a state that is similar to that observed in "elite" controllers and post-treatment controllers. The implications for recent advances and setbacks in achieving HIV remission for future research priorities will be discussed.
The effects of a soybean extract on tumor growth and metastasis. (1998)

In vitro genistein (soybean-derived isoflavone/phytoestrogen) has been reported to suppress angiogenesis. We have produced a soybean extract (SE) enriched in phytoestogens which are heat stable. Heat sterilization (hs) of SE destroys soy protease inhibitor activity and increases isoflavone concentrations. This study was performed to determine the effects of SE with and without heat sterilization on tumor growth and metastasis. Sixty female Lewis rats injected s.c. with mammary tumor (MAC-33) were randomized to receive i.p. injection of SE (18 mg), hsSE (18 mg), or saline (control) 5 times per week for 30 days. After 30 days the rats were sacrificed to determine carcass weight, tumor weight, tumor volume, liver weight, hepatic protease activity (HPA), and number and size of lung metastasis. Comparing either SE or hsSE to controls, significant increases were found in tumor weight (g) (109.4±26.3, 114.9±19.7, 86.8±23.2), tumor volume (cm3) (55.6±14.6, 60.1±12.0, 45.5±14.4), and tumor: carcass ratio (0.59, 0.62, 0.47). Data expressed as mean ± SD (SE, hsSE, control, respectively) was analyzed by ANOVA. There was a significant increase in the number of lung metastasis (31%; Kruskal-Wallis test) in the animals receiving hsSE. Additionally, there was a significant decrease in HPA (26.9%) in the animals receiving SE. Soy protease inhibitors are not responsible for the increase in tumor growth and number of lung metastases seen with SE. Our results suggest that a heat stable component of SE, perhaps the isoflavones, promotes tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo.
Magnetic resonance imaging and localized in vivo proton spectroscopy in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. (1993)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and in vivo proton spectroscopic changes in the brain in three patients with fulminant hepatic failure are described. MRI showed cerebral atrophy in two and changes somewhat similar to what have been described in chronic hepatic encephalopathy. MR spectroscopy showed low myoinositol with high glutamine in grade IV coma, which returned to normal as patient showed clinical recovery. We conclude that these techniques will be useful in understanding the complex pathophysiology of fulminant hepatic failure.
Efficacy of different oils against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis in greengram Vigna radiata and their effect on germination (2003)

A Laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of six different oils viz., neem, mehandi, castor, karanj, mustard and olive against Callosobruchus chinensis in greengram. The seed/coating of these oils gave significant protection against Callosobruchus chinensis as compared to untreated control. The oil coating 6-8 hrs. after treatment at doses of 2.5; 5 and 10 ml/kg seeds whereas partial to complete protection was observed at 90, 150 and 210 days after treatment, neem and mehandi oils at the dose of 10 ml/kg seed were effective even beyond 150 days after treatment and rest of the oils were effective even after 280 days of oil treatment. The germination test was also carried out with the oil treated seeds (6 to 8 h, 90, 150 and 210 days after treatment), where, the treated seeds were given 8 h. exposure to sun showed non-significant differences may be treatments as well as untreated control.
Differential gene expression in human hematopoietic stem cells specified toward erythroid, megakaryocytic, and granulocytic lineage (2007)

Abstract To better understand the transcriptional program that accompanies orderly lineage-specific hematopoietic differentiation, we analyzed expression changes during the lineage-specific differentiation of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC; CD34+/CD38–/CD33–); HSC and multipotent myeloid progenitors (MMP; CD34+/CD38–/CD33+) were isolated from the bone marrow of healthy individuals by MACS. CD34+ cells in semi-solid culture were stimulated with the cytokines erythropoietin, IL-6, and G-CSF to promote differentiation to committed erythroid, megakaryocytic, and granulocytic clones, respectively. Differential display RT-PCR analysis was performed to compare the mRNA transcripts in HSC, MMP, and the committed lineage-specific clones derived from these committed lineage-specific progenitors. Expressed sequence tags (n=256), which were differentially expressed, were identified. One hundred ninety-four were homologous to known genes, and some were associated with hematopoiesis. These known genes were classified as involved in transcription/translation, signal transduction, cell surface receptors/ligands, cell signaling, cell metabolism, cell cycle, cell apoptosis, and oncogenesis. We identified genes, which were up- or down-regulated specifically in the lineage-committed clones compared with HSC or/and MMP, suggesting that specific gene activation and repression might be necessary for specific lineage commitment and differentiation. Our data provide an extensive transcriptional profile of human hematopoiesis during in vitro, lineage-specific differentiation.
The reduction of acoustic noise emissions from a hard disk drive (1994)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1994.
MySQL Clustering (2006)

Clustering is the final component of MySQL that makes it truly enterprise-level and able to compete fully with proprietary databases such as Oracle and Microsoft SQL Server. The increased number of high-demand, high-productivity corporations and institutions choosing MySQL, including MIT, the Department of Homeland Security, NASA, and Nokia, to name a few, need the benefit of clustering databases for high performance and scalability.MySQL AB has stepped up to the plate to offer advanced, high-availability, reliable clustering. As this demand has increased, so has the need for information. MySQL Clustering offers thorough, authoritative instruction on setting up and administering a MySQL Cluster from the developers of the cluster itself. You will learn about everything from installation and configuration to performance and troubleshooting in this authoritative reference guide to MySQL clustering.
Cavitary Pneumonia in an AIDS Patient Caused by an Unusual <i>Bordetella bronchiseptica</i> Variant Producing Reduced Amounts of Pertactin and Other Major Antigens (2002)

Although Bordetella bronchiseptica can infect and colonize immunocompromised humans, its role as a primary pathogen in pneumonia and other respiratory processes affecting those patients remains controversial. A case of cavitary pneumonia caused by B. bronchiseptica in an AIDS patient is presented, and the basis of the seemingly enhanced pathogenic potential of this isolate (designated 814) is investigated. B. bronchiseptica was the only microorganism recovered from sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and samples taken through the protected brush catheter. Unlike previous work reporting the involvement of B. bronchiseptica in cases of pneumonia, antibiotic treatment selected on the basis of in vitro antibacterial activity resulted in clearance of the infection and resolution of the pulmonary infiltrate. Although isolate 814 produced reduced amounts of several major antigens including at least one Bvg-activated factor (pertactin), the molecular basis of this deficiency was found to be BvgAS independent since the defect persisted after the bvgAS locus of isolate 814 was replaced with a wild-type bvgAS allele. Despite its prominent phenotype, isolate 814 displayed only a modest yet a significant deficiency in its ability to colonize the respiratory tracts of immunocompetent rats at an early time point. Interestingly, the antibody response elicited by isolate 814 in these animals was almost undetectable. We propose that isolate 814 may be more virulent in immunocompromised patients due, at least in part, to its innate ability to produce low amounts of immunogenic factors which may be required at only normal levels for the interaction of this pathogen with its immunocompetent natural hosts.
Resolution Enhancement for Spectra of Chemical and Physical Interest (1964)

When a spectrum is composed of a superposition of lines with known shape and uniform width, the signal output of a spectrometer may be transformed into a spectrum whose effective resolution is significantly improved. If the line shapes are not precisely known or the linewidths not exactly uniform, it is still possible to achieve a worthwhile resolution enhancement. Decomposition and analysis of complex spectra is often aided by this transformation. The theory of filters which produce the desired transformation is developed. Digital and analog implementation for these filters is given as well as several examples.
Boundaries, awareness and interaction in collaborative virtual environments (2002)

This paper is concerned with how collaborative virtual environments can be structured in order to enable greater scalability and yet maintain a richness of communication. Based on a survey of current work in this area a number of important issues and design criteria are drawn out. In this context a recent extension to the spatial model of interaction called third party objects is described which can be used to develop a variety of spatial structures which have different effects on mutual awareness and communication. These structures include nested regions and zones, dynamic data districts and potentially mobile crowds of participants. The paper also discusses how these structures can be exploited by an underlying network architecture based on a dynamically evolving hierarchy of multicast groups and describes the MASSIVE-2 system which implements it.
Critical Limb Ischemia: Epidemiology (2012)

Critical limb ischemia is found in 12% of the U.S. adult population. Its clinical presentation varies from no symptoms to intermittent claudication, atypical leg pain, rest pain, ischemic ulcers, or gangrene. Those with critical limb ischemia have a high incidence of cardiovascular comorbidities that reflect a significant systemic atherosclerotic burden; they have increased functional impairment and increased rates of functional decline compared with persons without critical limb ischemia. Interventions for critical limb ischemia and the impact of major amputation have a significant social and economic impact. At 1 year, 25% of patients will be dead, 30% will have undergone amputation, and only 45% will remain alive with both limbs. At 5 years, more than 60% of patients with critical limb ischemia will be dead.
Non-Invasive Capillary Blood Flow Measurement: Laser Speckle And Laser Doppler (2011)

Microcirculation is essential for the proper supply of oxygen and nutritive substances to the biological tissue and the removal of waste products of metabolism. The determination of blood flow in the capillaries is therefore of great interest to clinicians. A comparison has been carried out using the developed non-invasive, non-contact and whole field laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) based technique and as well as a commercially available laser Doppler blood flowmeter (LDF) to evaluate blood flow at the finger tip and elbow and is presented here. The LSCI technique gives more quantitative information on the velocity of blood when compared to the perfusion values obtained using the LDF. Measurement of blood flow in capillaries can be of great interest to clinicians in the diagnosis of vascular diseases of the upper extremities.
The Perception of Speech Sounds by Deafened Persons (1952)

In a previous paper by Fletcher and Galt [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 22, 89 (1950)] a method was described for measuring experimentally and also for calculating the interpretation aspect of the perception of speech. The listeners were considered to have normal hearing. In the present paper the same principles are applied to persons having abnormal hearing.
A Generic Approach for the Synthesis of Dimer Nanoclusters and Asymmetric Nanoassemblies (2013)

Controlled assembly of nanoparticles into asymmetric configurations is of great interest due to their novel properties and promising applications. In this Article, we report a generic strategy for the synthesis of dimer nanoclusters and asymmetric nanoassemblies by using magnetic colloidal substrates, on which tailored surface modification and controlled physical confinement are applied. The modularity of our approach facilitates the fabrication of asymmetric nanostructures with varying sizes, shapes, compositions, surface chemistry, and surface hydrophobicity. Success in the syntheses sheds a light on the versatility of our strategy in rationally designing and synthesizing asymmetric nanostructures with tailored properties and functionalities.