gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
State of the Art of Robotic Surgery in Organ Transplantation (2013)

Within the last two decades the application of minimally invasive surgical technologies has shown significant benefits when it comes to complex surgical procedures. Lower rates of complications and higher patient satisfaction are commonly reported. Until recently these benefits were inaccessible for patients with solid organ transplantation, because conventional laparoscopy was seen as nonapplicable in such technically demanding procedures. The introduction of the da Vinci Robotic Surgical System, with its inherent advantages, has expanded the ability to complete solid organ transplantation in a minimally invasive fashion. Robotic applications in kidney, pancreas, and liver transplantation have been reported. The initial results showed the viability of this technique in the field. The most extensive experience has been described in kidney transplantation. Over 700 donor nephrectomies and more than 70 renal transplants have been performed successfully with the robotic system. The proven advantage of the robotic technique, especially in obese kidney recipients, is a significantly lower rate of surgical site infection, which in these highly immunosuppressed patients is reflected in superior outcomes. The first results in pancreas transplantation and living donor hepatectomy are very promising; however, larger series are needed in order to address the value of the robotic surgery in these areas of solid organ transplantation.
Optical Systems Characterization and Analysis Research Project (2003)

We live in exciting times; rapid advances in very remote sensing are likely to make one of the holy grails of modern science a reality, i.e., to detect an Earthlike planet around a nearby star and identify biomarkers. Far from the realm of science fiction, this may become a reality with NASA’s Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) mission planned for 2015. Indirect ground-based have discovered greater than 100 exo-solar planets to date. These detections are inferred from Doppler shifts in the source spectrum due to radial velocity variations of the central star believed caused by the planetary mass in motion. Planets found by this technique are biased towards large mass Jupiter-like planets. Earthlike, or terrestrial, planets are unlikely to be found by this technique. Advances in space technology, which include high dynamic ranging imaging, interferometry, mirror technology and optical control systems are likely to make this a distinct possibility in the near future. These techniques are being assessed and new advances are being made by NASA, university and industry teams with the goal of combining them into TPF. The TPF Science Working Group has provided the main science requirement in a Design Reference Program succinctly as “TPF must detect radiation from any Earth-like planets
Hydrothermal Reaction Sintering of Permalloy-Iron Oxide Composite (1986)

Hydrothermal reaction sintering is one of the methods to prepare oxides ceramics. Metals, intermetallic compounds or alloys are sealed in a Pt capsule with water. On heating they react with high pressure high temperature water, and produce metal oxides and hydrogen gas. At high temperatures, hydrogen gas diffuses out of the capsule, then the capsule containing oxide powders is compressed by outside gas pressure. The oxide powders, therefore, can be sintered in the capsule as in HIP (hot isostatic pressing). By this method, we can obtain a metal-oxide composite by the control of water to metal or alloy ratio in the capsule. The known quantities of alloy powders; water-atomized permalloy powder (Fe-47wt% Ni<#100, and Fe-36wt% Ni<#100) and redistilled water were hermetically sealed with an electric arc in a platinum capsule 2.7mm inside diameter, 0.15mm thick and 35mm long. This capsule was treated at 100MPa, 800°-1000°C, for 10-240min in a high pressure high temperature apparatus using Ar gas as pressurizing medium. The produced sintered ceramics were examined by X-ray diffraction, optical and scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The products are composed of oxide matrix and disperse alloy phase. According to the X-ray diffraction and EDS, the oxide phase contained only iron as cation. Selective oxidation of iron, therefore, was occurred under the hydrothermal conditions as well as in air. Magnetite and wüstite were observed as iron oxide phase. The ratio of magnetite and wüstite is dependent on temperature, quantity of H2O, and time. When a specimen is treated at high temperatures, for a long time, or with a little quantity of H2O, wüstite phase is a main phase. When the opposite conditions, magnetite is a main phase. This tendency results from both the kinetics and the thermodynamics. The composites showed superposed magnetic properties of Fe-Ni alloy and iron oxides, magnetite and/or wüstite.
Energy Band Structure of the Tetragonal Crystals ZnP<sub>2</sub> and CdP<sub>2</sub> (1971)

Abstract The anisotropic spectra of edge absorption, photoconductivity, emission, and reflectivity of the tetragonal ZnP 2 and CdP 2 crystals have been experimentally investigated in the range 1 to 12.5 eV. The selection rules for interband transitions, the points of zero slope, and the dispersion relations at general points of the Brillouin zone have been derived by group‐theoretical methods. From an analysis of the experimental and theoretical data conceivable energy band models of the tetragonal ZnP 2 and CdP 2 crystals are proposed.
Role of Substance P in Cough during Bronchoconstriction in Awake Guinea Pigs (1995)

To examine the role of substance P (SP) in cough during bronchoconstriction, we studied the effects of an aerosolized beta-adrenoceptor agonist, procaterol, and a specific inhibitor of SP (NK1) receptor, FK 888, on bronchoconstriction and cough induced by aerosols of histamine and acetylcholine (ACh) in unsensitized guinea pigs and by those of ovalbumin (OA) antigen in guinea pigs sensitized to OA. Intensity of bronchoconstriction was evaluated by the time to onset of bronchoconstriction after the inhalation of bronchoconstrictors. Both procaterol (10(-6) to 10(-4) M, 2 min) and FK 888 (10(-7) to 10(-5) M, 2 min) dose dependently decreased the number of coughs and increased the time to onset of bronchoconstriction induced by histamine (10(-2) M, 15 s). Procaterol attenuated histamine-induced cough only at the concentrations effective to inhibit bronchoconstriction. However, FK 888 at concentrations of 10(-7) and 10(-6) M decreased the number of coughs without effect on bronchoconstriction. Likewise, the inhibitory effects of procaterol (10(-5) M, 2 min) on the number of coughs were parallel to those on bronchoconstriction induced by ACh (10(-1) M, 15 s) and OA antigen (0.1% concentration, 30 s), but FK 888 (10(-6) M, 2 min) decreased the number of coughs without effect on bronchoconstriction induced by them. The number of coughs induced by histamine (10(-2) M, 15 s) was inhibited by systemic capsaicin treatment and enhanced by phosphoramidon (10(-5) M, 5 min) without effect on bronchoconstriction. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Oxidative Stress Involvement in <i>α</i> -Synuclein Oligomerization in Parkinson's Disease Cybrids (2008)

Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and alpha-synuclein oligomerization occur in Parkinson disease (PD). We used an in vitro PD cybrid approach that models these three phenomena specifically to evaluate the impact of mitochondria-derived oxidative stress on alpha-synuclein oligomerization. Compared with control cybrid cell lines, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and protein oxidative stress markers were elevated in PD cybrids. The antioxidants CoQ(10) and GSH attenuated changes in PD cybrid peroxide, protein carbonyl, and protein sulfhydryl levels. Elevated PD cybrid alpha-synuclein oligomer levels were also attenuated by CoQ(10) and GSH. In PD cybrids, alpha-synuclein oligomerization was activated via a complex I-mediated increase in the free tubulin/polymerized tubulin ratio. CoQ(10) but not GSH increased complex I activity, restored ATP to control levels, and normalized the PD cybrid free tubulin/polymerized tubulin ratio. Overall, we conclude that two different antioxidants can decrease alpha-synuclein oligomerization whether by improving mitochondrial function or by preventing protein carbonylation or both. We conclude that mitochondrial dysfunction can induce alpha-synuclein oligomerization via ATP depletion-driven microtubule depolymerization and via ROS increase-driven protein oxidation.
Another look at the retina as an image dithered scalar quantizer (2010)

International audience
Occludin TM4-: an isoform of the tight junction protein present in primates lacking the fourth transmembrane domain (2002)

The tight junction protein occludin possesses four transmembrane domains, two extracellular loops, and cytoplasmic N- and C-termini. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis of human tissues, embryos and cells using primers spanning the fourth transmembrane domain (TM4) and adjacent C-terminal region revealed two products. The larger and predominant product corresponded in sequence to canonical occludin (TM4(+)), while the smaller product exhibited a 162 bp deletion encoding the entire TM4 and immediate C-terminal flanking region (TM4(-)). Examination of the genomic occludin sequence identified that the 162 bp sequence deleted in TM4(-) coincided precisely with occludin exon 4, strongly suggesting that TM4(-) is an alternative splice isoform generated by skipping of exon 4. Indeed, the reading frame of downstream exons is not affected by exclusion of exon 4. The presence of both TM4(+) and TM4(-) occludin isoforms was also identified in monkey epithelial cells but TM4(-) was undetected in murine and canine tissue and cells, indicating a late evolutionary origin for this alternative splicing event. Conceptual translation of TM4(-) isoform predicts extracellular localisation of the C-terminus. Immunocytochemical processing of living human Caco-2 cells using a C-terminal occludin antibody revealed weak, discontinuous staining restricted to the periphery of subconfluent islands of cells, or islands generated by wounding confluent layers. In occludin immunoblots, a weak band at approximately 58 kDa, smaller than the predominant band at 65 kDa and corresponding to the predicted mass of TM4(-) isoform, is evident and upregulated in subconfluent cells. These data suggest that the TM4(-) isoform may be translated at low levels in specific conditions and may contribute to regulation of occludin function.
Improvement of EVS II over EVS I (2005)

This paper presents the improvements integrated into the second generation of Enhanced Vision System (EVS) or the Enhanced Flight Vision System (EFVS) (in comparison with the first generation). These improvements are based on the experience and knowledge accumulated during the last 3.5 years of observing more than 300 planes operating with the EVS system. Among the main improvements incorporated into the second-generation product are: - Higher probability of detection for runway lights and flashers, during bad atmospheric conditions. - Extended algorithm for ambient temperature compensation, eliminating the requirement for optics and dewar head temperature stabilization. - The sealed-off system that constitutes the second generation, not requiring any air flow supply or temperature stabilization. (The EVS first generation requires an air flow of 7 liters/second at 23° C with a relative humidity not higher than 30%. The airflow prevents water condensation on the optical parts and also enables stabilizing the optics and dewar head temperatures.) - Improved algorithm for the replacement of clusters of bad pixels. - Reduced size, weight, and power consumption.
Arterial thrombosis: a rare complication of the nephrotic syndrome. (1993)

Arterial thrombosis is a rare complication of the nephrotic syndrome, occurring mainly in men. Two cases of arterial thrombosis are described, the first affecting a 54-year-old man in whom aortic thrombosis initiated the nephrotic syndrome and who relapsed 1 year later resulting in graft thrombosis, the second affecting a 15-year-old male patient with extensive popliteal and distal arterial thrombosis, followed by recurrent venous bypass thrombosis. A review of the literature shows that arterial thrombosis occurs primarily in the femoropopliteal, renal and coronary arteries. The genesis of arterial thrombosis in patients with nephrotic syndrome involves increased blood viscosity, platelet adhesion and aggregation, high levels of fibrinogen, low levels of serum antithrombin III, diuretic agents and steroid therapy. For high-risk patients with low levels of plasma albumin or those receiving steroids, anticoagulation therapy should be introduced to prevent thrombosis. Urine protein should be evaluated in patients with arterial thrombosis of unknown origin.
Alignment-Free Fiber Confocal Microscope and All-Fiber Optical System for Multilayered Optical Memories (2010)

We propose a fiber confocal microscope as an alignment-free readout system of multilayered optical memories. The fiber confocal microscope does not require fine pinhole position alignment because the fiber core is used as the point light source and the pinhole, and both of which are always located at the conjugated point. The configuration reduces the required accuracy of pinhole position alignment. The fiber confocal microscope can also achieve a compact pickup head. Recording layers in a multilayered medium could be detected with an axial resolution of approximately 900 nm. We demonstrated eight-layer readout with the fiber confocal microscope. We also propose an all-fiber recording and readout system for multilayered memories.
Advances in the diagnostic imaging of pheochromocytomas (2011)

Advances in the diagnostic imaging of pheochromocytomas Eva Forssell-Aronsson1, Emil Schüler1, Håkan Ahlman21Department of Radiation Physics, 2Department of Surgery, Lundberg Laboratory of Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, SwedenAbstract: Pheochromocytomas (PCs) and paragangliomas (PGLs) are routinely localized by computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy. CT can identify tumors with high sensitivity but rather low specificity. MRI has higher sensitivity and specificity than CT and is superior to detect extra-adrenal disease. Radioiodinated MIBG scintigraphy has been used for more than 30 years and is based on MIBG uptake via the norepinephrine transporter on the cell membrane. The technique is very useful for whole-body studies in case of multiple primary tumors or metastases. Tumors with sole production of dopamine usually cannot be visualized with MIBG and may require positron emission tomographic (PET) studies with 18F-labeled radiotracers. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) using the radiolabeled somatostatin analog octreotide (based on the expression of the somatostatin receptors 2 and 5 by the tumor) can demonstrate PGL or metastases not visualized by MIBG. In this article, we review the use of MIBG scintigraphy to diagnose PC/PGL and compare the sensitivity and specificity with that of CT and MRI. We also describe the recent SRS and PET techniques and review the latest results of clinical studies by comparing these imaging modalities. Future perspectives of functional imaging modalities for PC/PGL are finally presented.Keywords: MIBG, scintigraphy, pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma, PET
<title>Mechanical properties of boron-doped single-crystal silicon microstructures</title> (1999)

High aspect ratio single crystal silicon resonant beams oriented with angles of 0, 11.25, 22.5, 33.75, and 45 degrees to the Si 100 direction were fabricated by using high density plasma etching and dissolved wafer techniques. The silicon was doped with boron with a concentration of >= 5 X 10<SUP>19</SUP> cm<SUP>-3</SUP>. The moduli of elasticity of the boron doped silicon were calculated from the measured resonant frequencies of the fabricated cantilever beams. They were approximately 1.56, 1.60, 1.66, 1.81 and 1.92 X 10<SUP>12</SUP> dyne/cm<SUP>2</SUP> with respect to the five different orientations mentioned above. These values are smaller than those calculated theoretically for intrinsic single crystal silicon. The built-in stresses in the clamped-clamped bridges were also found to be orientations. The stress variation is attributed to the variation of the modulus of elasticity and the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between silicon and the glass substrate to which the beam anchors are bonded.
Enhancement of mechanical, thermal and antibacterial properties of sisal/PHBV biocomposite by fibre modification (2018)

Lignocellulosic biocomposite is a promising biodegradable materials, though improvement of the interfacial adhesion between cellulose fibre and polymer matrix is still challenged. Therefore, this work investigated the effect of propionylation of sisal reinforced fibre in the sisal/polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerate (PHBV) biocomposite. Propionylation involved esterification substitution of propionic anhydride to hydroxyl group of sisal fibre, where ester group (COOR) of propionylated fibre was successfully observed by Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Then mechanical and thermal properties were evaluated and biodegradation characteristics were assessed. The tensile strength and modulus of propionylated sisal/PHBV biocomposite were greater than unmodified sisal/PHBV, which revealed better compatibility at the interface. In addition, propionate moieties of sisal fibre could induce crystalline formation of PHBV, as determined by an increase of crystalline phase. The higher decomposition temperature (Td) and activation energy (Ea) of 155 kJ·mol -1 , determined by thermal gravimetric analyser (TGA), were strong confirmation of good thermal resistance of the propionylated sisal biocomposite. The storage modulus, as characterized by dynamic mechanical thermal analyser (DMTA), also revealed the improvement of stiffness. Bacterial growth tests evaluated the inhibition of bacterial growth on the PHBV biocomposites. It was clear that propionylation of sisal fibre decreased colonization of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Escherichia coli ( E.coli ).
Effects of a point mutation in the 3′ end of the S genome segment of naturally occurring and engineered Bunyamwera viruses (2003)

The genome of Bunyamwera virus (BUN) consists of three segments of single-stranded RNA of negative polarity. The smallest segment, S, encodes the N protein and a nonstructural protein called NSs. We recently described a mutant virus (BUNdelNSs) that does not express NSs but overexpresses N and grows to lower titres than wild-type (wt) BUN. Here we report a BUNdelNSs variant that expresses lower levels of N protein and grows to higher titres. Sequencing of the 3' and 5' termini of the BUNdelNSs S RNA segment and analysis using a minireplicon system show that the N overexpressing phenotype results from a single nucleotide substitution at position 16 in the 3' terminus. This mutation could also be detected in wtBUN populations, and was isolated by plaquing a 'wt' variant carrying the mutation. This variant was found to express increased N and NSs levels, and grew to lower titres than wtBUN.
Defect chemistry of the high‐<i>T</i><sub>c</sub> superconductors (1991)

Abstract In the high temperature superconductors the critical temperature is intimately connected to the electronic charge‐carrier concentration. The absolute values of this quantity and its dependencies on the controlling parameters temperature, oxygen partial pressure and doping content, is phenomenologically determined by the thermodynamics and kinetics of reactions involving point defects. Due to the low mobility of the ionic constituents the behavior at elevated temperatures is particularly important. Here, the kinetics are controlled by the mass transport parameters, essentially by the ionic conductivity. The scientific discipline whose objective is precisely described in the above terms is called defect chemistry. It quantitatively deals with the nature of excess and lacking native ionic or electronic particles as well as with foreign species. It describes the thermodynamics and kinetics of their formation, annihilation, interaction and motion in the phase under consideration and thus determines the chemistry within this phase.
A 8 kV 3500 A light triggered thyristor (2002)

8 kV-3500 A light-triggered thyristor (LTT) has been developed using a 6 in wafer. The LTT has an improved gate structure to achieve high light triggering sensitivity, high di/dt capability and high dv/dt tolerance. Especially, trade-off between on-state voltage and reverse recovery charge has been improved by proton irradiation.
Technical Notes and Tips: Technique for Reducing Incision-Related Postoperative Pain (2008)

We describe a technique to help reduce the pain associated with trans-verse abdominal wall incisions (Fig. 1). During closure of the wounds, two 6-Ch PVC end-perforated 350 mm wound drains (Van Straten Medinorm, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands) are inserted deep to the internal oblique muscle (corresponding with the neurovascular bundle). The ‘drain’ exits laterally, 6–7 cm away from the transverse incision and away from any bone. It is stuck to the skin with two Vygon dermafilms (Dermafilm®, Vygon, UK). Once closure is complete, 0.25% levobupivi-caine is infiltrated via a pink (20-G) cannula affixed to the end of the drain as this minimises spillage. Further local anaesthesia can be instilled at the appropriate dose postoperatively using either boluses or continuous infusion via a pump (Bupivacaine Easypump, Braun, France).



Figure 1

Anaesthetic infiltrated via pump.
Potential Adjuvant Therapeutic Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum Probio-88 Postbiotics against SARS-COV-2 (2021)

In response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the global effort to develop high efficacy countermeasures to control the infection are being conducted at full swing. While the efficacy of vaccines and coronavirus drugs are being tested, the microbiome approach represents an alternative pathophysiology-based approach to prevent the severity of the infection. In the current study, we evaluated the action of a novel probiotic <i>Lactobacillus</i> <i>plantarum</i> Probio-88 against SARS-COV-2 replication and immune regulation using an in vitro and in silico study. The results showed that extract from this strain (P88-CFS) significantly inhibited the replication of SARS-COV-2 and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Furthermore, compared with infected cells, P88-CFS treated cells showed a significant reduction in inflammatory markers such as IFN-α, IFN-β, and IL-6. Using an in silico molecular docking approach, it was postulated that the antiviral activity of <i>L. plantarum</i> Probio-88 was derived from plantaricin E (PlnE) and F (PlnF). The high binding affinity and formation of hydrogen bonding indicated that the association of PlnE and PlnF on SARS-COV-2 helicase might serve as a blocker by preventing the binding of ss-RNA during the replication of the virus. In conclusion, our study substantiated that P88-CFS could be used as an integrative therapeutic approach along with vaccine to contain the spread of the highly infectious pathogen and possibly its variants.