gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discovery of burst oscillations near the spin frequency in the intermittent accreting millisecond pulsar HETE J1900.1-2455 (2009)

RXTE observations of the intermittent accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar HETE J1900.1-2455 (Kaaret et al. 2006 ApJ 638, 963; Galloway et al. 2007 ApJ 654, L73) showed a Type I X-ray burst on April 2 2009 (08:57 UTC). We detect strong burst oscillations during the peak and initial decay of the burst, drifting upwards from 375.5 Hz to 376.5 Hz. Maximum Leahy power is in the range 25-45 in 4 independent consecutive 2s bins (using all photons in the 2-60 keV band), putting the detection beyond doubt.
136. Peptides. Part IV. Selective removal of the C-terminal residue as a thiohydantoin. The use of diphenyl phosphorisothiocyanatidate (1953)

G. W. Kenner, H. G. Khorana and R. J. Stedman, J. Chem. Soc., 1953, 673 DOI: 10.1039/JR9530000673
Inherited Abnormalities in the protein C Activation Pathway (2002)

The protein C (PC) anticoagulant pathway plays a crucial role in the regulation of fibrin formation via proteolytic degradation of the procoagulant cofactors factor Va and VIIIa by activated PC (APC). PC circulates in plasma as a zymogen, which is activated, on the surface of endothelial cells by the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex. Another endothelial cell-specific protein, the endothelial cell PC/APC receptor (EPCR), binds PC on the endothelial cell surface and further enhances the rate of PC activation. Normal APC generation depends on the precise assemblage, on the surface of endothelial cells, of at least four proteins: thrombin, thrombomodulin (TM), PC and EPCR. Therefore, any change in the efficiency of this assemblage may cause reduced APC generation and an increase in the risk of thrombosis. In the last years, several reports have suggested the association between mutations in TM and EPCR genes and venous and arterial thrombosis. Surprisingly, no studies have been reported linking mutations with levels of circulating APC, the final product of the interaction between thrombin, TM, PC and EPCR. Here, we describe the previously reported mutations in the TM and EPCR genes, and present the design and evaluation of a new strategy to investigate TM, EPCR, PC and prothrombin gene mutations in arterial and venous thrombosis.
STRUCTURAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF THIN FILM OF IRON NITRIDE (2013)

The nano-crystalline iron nitride films with a mixture of γ- Fe 4 N , ε Fe 3 N and α Fe 2 N phases were synthesized on copper substrate by sol–gel technology. The structure, morphology and magnetic properties of the samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer. The films are ferromagnetic at room temperature. Magnetic properties such as coercive forces and saturation magnetization were found to be 398 Oestered and 32.92 emu/cm 3 , respectively.
Learning Disabilities: An Information-Processing Model (1976)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsGeorge H. EarlyGeorge H. Early is Associate Professor, Department of Special Education, Indiana State University. He was previously Clinical Director, Achievement Center, Purdue University. He is author of Perceptual Training in the Curriculum, Columbus: Charles E. Merrill Publishing Company, 1969.
Production of auxin and other indolic and phenolic compounds by Paenibacillus polymyxa strains isolated from different proximity to plant roots (1997)

We determined the actual (no tryptophan, Trp, addition) and potential (Trp 0.1 g l−1 added) production of indolic and phenolic compounds produced in different culture media by Paenibacillus polymyxa strains which had been isolated from different proximity to wheat roots. The production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and related indolic metabolites by all strains tested was greatly enhanced upon Trp addition, suggesting that Trp is important as IAA precursor. A gradual decrease in potential IAA and an increase in potential indole-3-ethanol and indole-3-lactic acid production by strains isolated from non-rhizosphere soil (NRS) over rhizosphere soil (RS) to the rhizoplane (RP) were obtained. The NRS strain showed also a higher (potential) production of oxidized compounds such as indole-3-carboxylic and benzoic acid besides IAA. The determined metabolic differences indicate together with previous results on genetic and physiological parameters of P. polymyxa populations that plant roots select different P. polymyxa subpopulations. Our results suggest that the selected genotypes are differentially adapted to the decreasing oxygen pressure from NRS to RP. Possible effects of the probably microhabitat-specific metabolic profiles of the P. polymyxa isolates for plant growth are discussed.
Characterization of coccidial proteins by two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1989)

Two dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D SDS-PAGE) has been used to produce 'fingerprint' maps of the proteins from each of the 7 species of Eimeria which infect the chicken. All 7 species could be identified from their array of polypeptides but few differences were detected between strains of the same species. Alterations to the polypeptide array associated with the stage of sporulation of the oocysts were observed. Iodination of sporozoites, 2D SDS-PAGE, autoradiography and immunoblotting techniques were combined to identify polypeptides with a surface moiety and those which were antigenic.
Low-loss high speed switching device, 2500V–300A Static Induction Thyristor (1985)

An anode-emitter-shorted type 2500V–300A buried-gate Static Induction Thyristor is fabricated and resulted in the very high speed turn-on time of 2.0µS and turn-off time of 3.1/µs both at the 1000A, and in the very low-loss performance due to the reduction of the tailing current. The switching-loss and the conduction-loss of the high power Static Induction Thyristor is for the first time evaluated in this paper. The snubber-circuit-less operation is firstly demonstrated for the high power Static Induction Thyristor.
Set of tools for native code generation for the Java virtual machines (1998)

J--- is a set of tools designed for system developers who need to generate native code for the Java virtual machine. This set of tools is composed by a disassembler, an assembler, an integrated environment and a class library that hides the binary format used by JVM to represent its classes. This package includes comprehensive documentation, which allows its use without any previous knowledge on JVM. The project is not platform specific, and it is currently running on Windows95, WindowsNT and Xwindow.
Expression of delayed toxicity and lethal mutations in the progeny of human cells surviving exposure to radiation and other environmental mutagens (1998)

It is concluded that delayed cell death may be caused by widespread radical damage to DNA which is either signalled, thereby inducing an apoptotic response, or (mis-)repaired yielding a weak or unstable genome. It is likely that the process may be an important factor in determining the long-term response of populations to 'sublethal' levels of environmental mutagens whose mechanism of action includes DNA strand breakage and repair.
Stabilization of the amorphous phase inside carbon nanotubes: Solidification in a constrained geometry (1994)

Abstract We present an explanation for the observation of Ajayan and Iijima in 1993 that liquid lead inside carbon nanotubes of small diameters remains disordered, whereas inside tubes of larger diameters it crystallizes. We show that there exists a critical radius for the nanotubes such that in the tubes of smaller radius the amorphous phase is stabilized. Our analysis also leads to a novel way of estimating a lower bound of the free energy for the solid-liquid interface.
Cloning and expression of the fhu genes involved in iron(III)-hydroxamate uptake by Escherichia coli (1983)

Each of the four hydroxamate compounds, ferrichrome, aerobactin, rhodotorulic acid, and coprogen, known to transport ferric iron into Escherichia coli requires a specific outer membrane receptor protein. In addition, common transport functions for all four ferric hydroxamate compounds have been identified in the 3.5-min region of the linkage map and designated fhu. The fhu region was cloned into pBR322. By restriction analysis, Tn5 insertion mutations, and complementation studies between plasmid fragments and chromosomal mutants at least four loci in the order fhuA fhuC fhuD fhuB were found. The genetic products were determined in maxicells and minicells. fhuA codes for the known 78,000-dalton receptor protein and the 81,000-dalton precursor in the outer membrane, fhuC codes for a 30,000-dalton protein, and fhuD encodes a 26,000-dalton protein in the cytoplasmic membrane. No protein(s) could be assigned to the fhuB region. Truncated proteins derived from partial fhuA genes (68,000, 42,000, and 39,000 daltons) and a partial fhuD gene (24,000 daltons) and the strong polar effect on the expression of the genes indicated the direction of transcription to be from fhuA to fhuD.
Cloud based SDN and NFV architectures for IoT infrastructure (2018)

Connected devices which are commonly known as Internet of Things (IoT) are increasing at an alarming pace. Network infrastructure has to accommodate all these devices by providing adequate connectivity and delivering application based services. Service providers have to invest more in network infrastructure to meet the growing needs. To address this issue, a new concept of infrastructure sharing among service providers has emerged to reduce excessive investment costs related to infrastructure deployment. For this reason new architectures based on network virtualization are emerging to provide network sharing, handle Big data explosion from IoT devices, and simplify management tasks. Two complementary architectures, software defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV) are emerging to comprehensively address several networking issues. In this work, we introduce the most embraced virtualization concepts proposed by SDN and NFV architectures. We quantitatively evaluate hardware and energy cost savings with these two SDN and NFV architectures compared to the existing state-of-the-art network 4G hardware technologies.
Electrostatic Potentials in<i>Rhodopseudomonas viridis</i>Reaction Centers:  Implications for the Driving Force and Directionality of Electron Transfer (1996)

Finite difference solutions to the Poisson equation are used to characterize electrostatic interactions in reaction centers from Rhodopseudomonas viridis. A sizable potential gradient resulting primarily from charged amino acid side chains is found in the protein. This static field favors the observed electron transfers from the primary donor (P) along the L branch of the protein via the bacteriochlorophyll monomer (BL) toward the bacteriopheophytin electron acceptor (HL). The effect of the field is to favor electron transfer to BL by approximately 0.4 eV and to HL by approximately 0.8 eV. The electric field along the M branch is significantly smaller, thus providing a straightforward explanation for the directionality of electron transfer. The large static field in the protein appears to be necessary to overcome the intrinsic cost of charge separation in a low dielectric medium. Electrostatic potentials were calculated for the protein in uniform low dielectric medium and for the protein surrounded by water with and without a membrane. While the calculated site potentials are sensitive to the assumptions about the dielectric response of the protein and surrounding medium, the conclusion that there is a large static field favoring charge separation along the L branch is independent of the detailed model used to describe the system.
TIMING DISCRIMINATOR USING LEADING EDGE EXTRAPOLATION (1981)

when the input pulse reaches threshold voltage and reset when capacitor voltage reaches the bias voltage; and a clamping means for discharging the capacitor when the input signal returns below one-third threshold voltage.
Introduction to computation and modeling for differential equations (2009)

An introduction to scientific computing for differential equations Introduction to Computation and Modeling for Differential Equations provides a unified and integrated view of numerical analysis, mathematical modeling in applications, and programming to solve differential equations, which is essential in problem-solving across many disciplines, such as engineering, physics, and economics. This book successfully introduces readers to the subject through a unique Five-M approach: Modeling, Mathematics, Methods, MATLAB, and Multiphysics. This approach facilitates a thorough understanding of how models are created and preprocessed mathematically with scaling, classification, and approximation, and it also illustrates how a problem is solved numerically using the appropriate mathematical methods. The book's approach of solving a problem with mathematical, numerical, and programming tools is unique and covers a wide array of topics, from mathematical modeling to implementing a working computer program. The author utilizes the principles and applications of scientific computing to solve problems involving: Ordinary differential equations Numerical methods for Initial Value Problems (IVPs) Numerical methods for Boundary Value Problems (BVPs) Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) Numerical methods for parabolic, elliptic, and hyperbolic PDEs Mathematical modeling with differential equations Numerical solution Finite difference and finite element methods Real-world examples from scientific and engineering applications including mechanics, fluid dynamics, solid mechanics, chemical engineering, electromagnetic field theory, and control theory are solved through the use of MATLAB and the interactive scientific computing program Comsol Multiphysics. Numerous illustrations aid in the visualization of the solutions, and a related Web site features demonstrations, solutions to problems, MATLAB programs, and additional data. Introduction to Computation and Modeling for Differential Equations is an ideal text for courses in differential equations, ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations, and numerical methods at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. The book also serves as a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners in the fields of mathematics, engineering, and computer science who would like to refresh and revive their knowledge of the mathematical and numerical aspects as well as the applications of scientific computation.
Reduced activity of arylsulfatase A and predisposition to neurological disorders: Analysis of 140 pediatric patients (1991)

A sample of 140 children exhibiting neurologic disturbances (93 suffering from epilepsy and 47 with delayed psychomotor development or mental retardation) was tested for the activity of some lysosomal enzymes. A partial deficiency of arylsulfatase A (ASA) in leucocytes (activities lower than 60% of the control average) was detected in 36 patients (25.7%), whereas few ASA-deficient individuals (1.4%) were found in the control sample of 71 healthy children. Therefore, the frequency of ASA deficiency is abnormally high in our sample of pediatric patients. ASA activity levels were also assayed on fibroblasts from 12 of the 36 ASA-deficient patients; the mean activity in these cells was 20% of the control average. Excretion of urinary sulfatides was not increased in the tested ASA-deficient patients (10/36). Clinical symptoms of these ASA-deficient patients bore no resemblance to classical metachromatic leucodystrophy (MLD), but resemble literature cases labeled as atypical MLD or diagnostic puzzles. This result suggests that reduced ASA activity might be associated with an increased risk of developing neurologic or neuropsychiatric disturbances in children.
Risk Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight in Newborns (2005)

Babies with a birth weight of less than 2500 gms irrespective of the period of their gestation are termed as Low Birth Weight (LBW) babies. In India 30-35% babies are LBW and more than half of these LBW newborns are full term babies. LBW being one of the global indicators of community health it is imperative that periodic monitoring be undertaken to evaluate the impact of preventive health services. The present study was designed to find out the effect of various socio-economic and maternal factors on the birth weight of institutionally delivered newborns. (excerpt)
Effect Of Stimulants On Feeding Response, Feeding Behavior, And Growth Of Fry Of Sea Bass, Lates Calcarifer (Bloch, 1790) (2005)

The influence of four stimulants (glycine, proline, L-lysine, and Bombay duck fishmeal) on the feeding behavior of sea bass fry was studied. The substances were added at a level of 1% of the weight of moist pellets made from purified diets. Feeding responses were observed in glass tanks containing one or two fish.The fishmeal had significantly greater stimulating effect on the feeding behavior than the chemical substances. Feeding responses were significantly different when there were two fish in the tank. Inclusion of fishmeal at a 10% level (compared to 1%, 5%, 7.5%) produced the greatest ingestion response (50%). Compared to 7.5%, inclusion at 10% produced a significantly higher weight gain (0.54±0.03 g), FCR (1.79), and PER (1.20). The pre- sent investigation revealed that Bombay duck meal is a better natural fish feed stimulant than the tested chemicals.
Low-temperature silicon cleaning via hydrogen passivation and conditions for epitaxy (1990)

In low-temperature epitaxial Si deposition methods such as molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), pre-epitaxial substrate preparation usually incorporates a high temperature (≳800 °C) step. Elimination of this step is essential to wider applicability of these epitaxial methods. We show that Si(100) wafers exposed to HF vapors in a laboratory ambience are bulk terminated and that such termination is stable in air for several tens of minutes, and in vacuum for several hours. It is possible to obtain good epitaxy, as determined by surface diffraction and transistor characteristics, provided epitaxy is commenced on these bulk-terminated surfaces. We also give evidence that under certain conditions, bulk-terminated surfaces are maintained in low-temperature epitaxy using the method of ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition.
A Sequential Decision Formulation of the Interface Card Model for Interactive IR (2016)

The Interface Card model is a promising new theoretical framework for modeling and optimizing interactive retrieval interfaces, but how to systematically instantiate it to solve concrete interface optimization problems remains an open challenge. We propose a novel formulation of the Interface Card model based on sequential decision theory, leading to a general framework for formal modeling of user states and stopping actions. The proposed framework naturally connects optimization of interactive retrieval with Markov Decision Processes and Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes, and enables the use of reinforcement learning algorithms for optimizing interactive retrieval interfaces. Simulation and user study experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model in automatically adjusting the interface layout in adaptation to inferred user stopping tendencies in addition to user interaction and screen size.
RESONANT SPIN POLARIZATION IN A TWO-DIMENSIONAL HOLE GAS (2011)

Within the Luttinger Hamiltonian, electric-field-induced resonant spin polarization of a two-dimensional hole gas in a perpendicular magnetic field was studied. The spin polarization arising from splitting between the light and the heavy hole bands shows a resonant peak at a certain magnetic field. Especially, the competition between the Luttinger term and the structural inversion asymmetry leads to a rich resonant peaks structure, and the required magnetic field for the resonance may be effectively reduced by enlarging the effective width of the quantum well. Furthermore, the Zeeman splitting tends to move the resonant spin polarization to a relative high magnetic field and destroy these rich resonant spin phenomena. Finally, both the height and the weight of the resonant peak increase as the temperature decreases. It is believed that such resonant spin phenomena may be verified in the sample of a two-dimensional hole gas, and it may provide an efficient way to control spin polarization by an external electric field.
Epigenetics of autism spectrum disorders (2006)

The autism spectrum disorders (ASD) comprise a complex group of behaviorally related disorders that are primarily genetic in origin. Involvement of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in the pathogenesis of ASD has been suggested by the occurrence of ASD in patients with disorders arising from epigenetic mutations (fragile X syndrome) or that involve key epigenetic regulatory factors (Rett syndrome). Moreover, the most common recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities in ASD involve maternally derived duplications of the imprinted domain on chromosome 15q11-13. Thus, parent of origin effects on sharing and linkage to imprinted regions on chromosomes 15q and 7q suggest that these regions warrant specific examination from an epigenetic perspective, particularly because epigenetic modifications do not change the primary genomic sequence, allowing risk epialleles to evade detection using standard screening strategies. This review examines the potential role of epigenetic factors in the etiology of ASD.
Positive Software fault-tolerate Technique Based on Time Policy (2007)

With the increase of the complication of computer systems, the loss which is caused by software inefficiency is more and more widespread. How to reduce the loss of systems to improve its reliability becomes the main problem. At present, software fault-tolerate technique is the most effective approach to solve this problem. According to the development situation of software fault-tolerate technique, this paper proposes a new positive software fault-tolerate technique based on the analysis of traditional technologies, which is called software rejuvenation, and analyze the rejuvenation model based on time policy in detail.
<title>GaAs atomic-layer epitaxy in a rotating disc reactor</title> (1992)

Current difficulties of Atomic Layer Epitaxy (ALE) include relatively low growth rates and narrow process windows. Gas phase reaction, complex behavior of valve switching and purging times are suggested as the major causes. We have used a movable X-shaped mechanical barrier to divide the growth chamber into four zones. Alternate zones either supply source gas or mask the wafer from exposure to source gases. If the barrier is positioned 0.5 - 2 mm from the wafer carrier, it can efficiently shear off the boundary layer and thereby reduce gas phase reactions. The substrate, continuously rotating beneath the barrier, is alternately exposed to group III and group V sources. The result is that process times are significantly reduced. Initial results have shown a saturated growth rate of up to 0.35 micrometers /hour at 525 degree(s)C and a relatively wide process window. Thickness uniformity of +/- 1% over 85% of a 2 inch wafer has been obtained.