gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Photoinducible 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction for Rapid, Selective Modification of Tetrazole‐Containing Proteins (2008)

Reaktiv, aber biologisch inert: Die bioorthogonale Titelreaktion ermöglicht spezifische chemische Modifizierungen, z. B. Lipidierungen, von synthetischen Proteinen mit Diphenyltetrazolgruppen (siehe Schema). Die Cycloaddition in biologischen Medien verläuft extrem schnell (≤1 min) und toleriert Proteineinheiten. Mit einfachen Alkenen werden stark fluoreszierende Pyrazolin-Cycloaddukte erzeugt. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2008/z705805_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Sub-picosecond delocalization in the excited state of conjugated homopolymers and donor–acceptor copolymers (2013)

In this feature article, we review and examine evidence that the primary photoexcited species in conjugated polymers is considerably delocalized. Localization occurs via a series of complex relaxation mechanisms on the <200 femtosecond time scale. We show that short-lived delocalization in the neutral excited state and charge separated state of bulk heterojunction blends might play an essential role in ensuring efficient formation of free charge carriers for photovoltaic applications. Finally, the additional parameter of intramolecular charge transfer character in the excited state of more recently developed donor–acceptor copolymers is discussed. Both delocalization and partial charge transfer reduce the binding of the electron and hole in photoexcited organic semiconductors and can help to overcome the bottleneck to macroscopic current generation in polymer solar cells.
A novel cellulose hydrogel prepared from its ionic liquid solution (2009)

新奇纤维素水疗院胶化被从它的离子的液体答案改革纤维素准备。透明性纤维素水疗院胶化介绍好化学稳定性和一个可接受的机械性质。这无毒的纤维素水疗院胶化应该是简历兼容机并且可能作为简历材料在未来有用。
Transplantation of Adrenal Tissue Fragments in a Murine Model: Functional Capacities of Syngeneic and Allogeneic Grafts (2002)

Oral hormone substitution for the treatment of Addison's disease inadequately replaces the physiologic circadian secretion of corticosteroids. Alternative therapeutic approaches are reimplantation of healthy autologous adrenal tissue and allogeneic transplantation (Tx), respectively. The aim of our study was to evaluate the functional capacity of adrenal grafts and the influence of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on graft survival. Fragmented adrenal glands of wild-type B10.BR (H-2k) and wild-type or ICAM-1-deficient BALB/c (H-2d) mice were transplanted underneath the kidney capsule of adrenalectomized B10.BR mice [complete major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotype disparity in the latter]. Postoperatively, the endocrine function of the adrenal grafts was evaluated by the following parameters: (1) survival analysis of the recipients (termination at day 70 after Tx); (2) reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction expression analysis of aldosterone synthase (zona glomerulosa-specific) and of 11b-hydroxylase (zona fasciculata-specific); and (3) measurement of basal adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulated serum corticosterone levels. Expression of both enzyme-specific mRNAs was detected in the grafts at any time during the post-Tx period. The adrenal grafts of syngeneic and surviving MHC-disparate mice displayed a similar basal hormone secretion, which was about 60% lower than that in sham-operated animals. In the transplanted mice, ACTH-stimulated corticosterone measurement revealed a 5- to 10-fold decreased functional reserve capacity. ICAM-1 deficiency significantly prolonged the survival of adrenal grafts. Fragmented adrenal grafts are able to maintain physiologic basal corticosterone levels but had markedly reduced reserve capacity. Nevertheless, the results give rise to hopes that autologous or MHC-compatible allogeneic transplantation of adrenal grafts may replace oral hormone substitution in humans.
The Paleolithic Drawings of Kapovaia Cave (Shul'Gan-Tash) in the Urals (1963)

The preliminary communications on the results of the first survey of this unique site, made by an expedition of the Institute of Archeology in 1960, (1) can now be supplemented, rendered more precise, and illustrated by copies of these ancient drawings, (a) as a consequence of the work done in 1961.
Availability of ground water in Marion County, Indiana (1975)

4' of Ground Water -1" in Marion County, Indiana 1 1[ 0. 11111.1111r "am' 1 A.. . 07 4 . reillIZEI.-_lit.! Ob. tali %
Ergebnis (1998)

Die Ausführungen haben gezeigt, daß die Konzeption der Verbindung von Vorgangssteuerung und Prozeßkostenrechnung umsetzbar ist. Insbesondere der damit verbundene Prozeßkostenmanagement-Zyklus wertet die Prozeßkostenrechnung als Plantings- und Kontrollsystem auf.
Iron Release Following Mineral Dissolution Following Scale Inhibitor Application In a North Alaskan Reservoir (2000)

Abstract High levels of dissolved iron present in produced waters have caused concern in a number of wells in North Alaskan Reservoirs. In this paper, two dynamic "reservoir condition" scale inhibitor core flooding experiments have been conducted to simulate scale inhibitor treatments using a pre-selected commercial phosphonate based scale inhibitor. In these floods very high levels of iron were released during the chemical injection and shut-in stages (&gt; 450ppm in solution). Evidence from pre and post treatment SEM analysis revealed that the major cause for the excessive iron release was extensive dissolution of siderite, inducing considerable mechanical weakness of the core, which was particularly evident for core 1, and much less so in core 2. However, although both cores have similar percentages of siderite, it is the textural arrangement, which is of prime importance in relation to formation damage. In core systems where siderite supports many grain contacts any fluid/mineral dissolution reactions will significantly impair mechanical strength (core 1), potentially leading to sand production. Where siderite is enclosed within finer carbonate mud lenses, or is not grain supporting, the mechanical damage is much less severe (core 2). Reactions of siderite with the core are quite complex. In this paper we demonstrate the formation of an oxidised rim of hematite which surrounds remnant siderite, with voids present between it and the hematite rim. The high levels of iron release recorded in such systems have considerable implications with regard to the effectiveness of the pre-selected scale inhibitor. Inhibitor performance tests for a range of generically different inhibitor clearly indicate that the performance of certain types of scale inhibitor products is significantly reduced in the presence of dissolved iron. These results concur with field experience where phosphonate based inhibitors (initially selected based upon performance in the absence of iron) have proven less successful in the field. In summary it is evident that potential dissolution of iron bearing minerals, and the subsequent influence of dissolved iron on performance, has a significant bearing on scale inhibitor selection.
Taurine activates excitatory non‐synaptic glycine receptors on dopamine neurones in ventral tegmental area of young rats (2005)

The physiological and pharmacological properties of taurine-induced responses were investigated in dopaminergic (DA) neurones from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of young rats aged 1-13 postnatal days, either in acute brain slices or acutely dissociated neurones. When whole-cell responses were recorded from current-clamped neurones using the gramicidin-perforated technique, the application of taurine (0.01-30 mm) accelerated firings and induced membrane depolarization. In voltage-clamped neurones, taurine induced a current which was antagonized by strychnine and by picrotoxin, but not by bicuculline. In addition, taurine-induced current showed complete cross-desensitization with glycine-activated currents but not with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-activated currents. Thus, taurine is a full agonist of the glycine receptors (GlyRs) in the VTA. Further studies found that taurine acted mainly on non-synaptic GlyRs. The application of 20 microm bicuculline abolished the spontaneous inhibitory post-synaptic currents (IPSCs) in 40/45 neurones, and 93% of the evoked IPSCs. The addition of 1 microm strychnine completely eliminated the remaining IPSCs. These results suggest that GABAergic IPSCs predominate, and that functional glycinergic synapses are present in a subset of the VTA neurones. The application of 1 mum strychnine alone induced an outward current, suggesting that these neurones were exposed to tonically released taurine/glycine. In conclusion, by activating non-synaptic GlyRs, taurine may act as an excitatory extra-synaptic neurotransmitter in the VTA during early development.
Distributed Image Management (DIM) for Cluster Administration (1996)

Distributed Image Management (DIM) is a centralized cluster management tool developed by Peter Morjan at IBM for large scale computing systems. This report discusses the technology behind DIM and its features and benefits.
ACTION OF FORMALDEHYDE ON ENZYMES AND ON CERTAIN PBOTEIDS (1899)

THE FOLLOWING GENERAL CONCLUSIONS MAY BE DRAWN FROM THE PRECEDING WORK: Fibrin is altered by formaldehyde and is then less easily digested by pepsin and by trypsin. Papaïn is apparently unable to digest fibrin even when this is exposed to very weak formaldehyde (1:1000) for a very short time. The casein of milk, on contact with formaldehyde, undergoes rapid alteration and is as a result not coagulated by rennet, or but very slowly. Such altered casein, like similar fibrin, is not readily digested by the proteolytic ferments. The longer the formaldehyde acts on casein and on fibrin the more marked is the result. Pepsin is not affected by a one per cent solution of formaldehyde, even when the mixture has stood for four weeks. Even a five per cent solution of formaldehyde acting for three weeks has no effect on pepsin. Contrary results obtained by others are due to an alteration of the fibrin by the formaldehyde. A putrid solution of pepsin in distilled water one month old digests fibrin as readily as a fresh solution. Rennet is not affected even by a four per cent solution of formaldehyde acting for several weeks. The absence of coagulation at times is due to the action of formaldehyde on the casein of the milk and not on the rennet ferment. Papaïn is very quickly altered by formaldehyde, even in very dilute solution. Moreover, it is unable to digest fibrin that has been exposed to the action of a very dilute solution of formaldehyde for a short time. Trypsin is altered by formaldehyde to such an extent that digestion of fibrin will not take place, or but very slowly. The extent to which trypsin is affected by formaldehyde depends largely upon the amount of organic matter present, as well as on the amount of ferment in the solution. Amylopsin is not destroyed by very dilute solutions of formaldehyde, but stronger solutions decrease the activity of the ferment, and if used in sufficient concentration will destroy it completely. Ptyalin, like the diastatic ferment of the pancreas, is not destroyed by dilute solutions of formaldehyde. If the latter is used in rather strong concentration and allowed to act for some time it will destroy the ferment. The action of formaldehyde is more rapid and more marked at a slightly elevated temperature than at ordinary room temperature. Malt diastase, unlike the diastatic ferments of the saliva and pancreatic solution, is not destroyed by formaldehyde when this is used in moderate amount and at ordinary temperature. Unlike pepsin, a solution of malt diastase readily undergoes decomposition on standing even for one or more days. This destruction is undoubtedly due to bacteria since it does not take place when formaldehyde is present. Consequently the favoring action which formaldehyde apparently exerts on diastase really consists in the inhibition of the growth of micro-organisms, and hence the diastase is protected against decomposition.
Antifungal activity of ajoene, a constituent of garlic (<i>Allium sativum</i>) (1990)

Ajoene, a compound derived from garlic (Allium sativum L.), inhibited spore germination of some fungi, namely, Alternaria solani, Alternaria tenuissima, Alternaria triticina, Alternaria sp., Colletotrichum sp., Curvularia sp., Fusarium lini, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium semitectum, and Fusarium udum, which cause serious diseases in some important crop plants in India. The compound was very effective in checking spore germination at a concentration of 25 μg/mL in some of the above fungi and, in most cases, there was 100% inhibition of germination at 100 μg/mL. It is quite likely that the compound may be useful in controlling disease(s) under field conditions.
Proposal for an absolute, atomic definition of mass (1991)

It is proposed that the mass of a particle be defined by its de Broglie frequency, measured as c 2 /λγυ, where λ is the mean de Broglie wavelength of the particle when it has mean speed and Lorentz factorγ; the masses of systems too large to have a measurable λ are then to be derived by specifying the usual inertial and additive properties of mass. This avoids the use of an arbitrary macroscopic standard such as the prototype kilogram, and does not even require the choice of a specific particle as a mass standard
Electrochemical measurement System Based on Thick-Film Sensors (2006)

A new electroanalytical measurement system (micropotentiostat) for electrochemical analysis was designed onto a microchip. The microchip was fabricated in CMOS technology AMIS 0.7 and can store correction data in integrated PROM memory. The microchip was implemented on thick-film sensor to provide potentiometric measurements as cyclic voltammetry, amperometry, etc. The measurement can be done at wide dynamic range with 8 orders of a current range
On-chip ESD protection using capacitor-couple technique in 0.5-μm 3-V CMOS technology (2002)

Capacitance-coupling effect used to lower snapback voltage and to ensure uniform ESD current distribution in the NMOS/PMOS devices of submicron CMOS on-chip ESD protection circuits is proposed. The couple capacitor is made by a poly layer right under the wire-bonding metal pad without increasing extra layout area to the pad. By using this technique, ESD robustness of submicron CMOS IC's can be significantly improved.
Consumer Reactions to Electronic Shopping on the World Wide Web (1996)

Abstract:Much fascination and speculation surrounds the impact of the World Wide Web on consumer shopping behavior. At the same time, there is little empirical evidence underlying all this speculation. This article provides one such data set. It reports on factors that consumers found salient as they browsed through selected electronic malls on the World Wide Web. We gathered consumers’ reactions via an open-ended survey using a sample of 220 shoppers. We related the reactions to the factors of product perceptions, shopping experience, customer service, and perceived consumer risk, which we had identified from the existing literature on retail patronage behavior. This study translated these factors to the World Wide Web context and explored their relative salience.With respect to product perceptions, consumers were impressed by the breadth of stores on the World Wide Web but disappointed with the depth of a merchant’s offerings. The shopping experience was reported to be generally enjoyable, but at the same time frustrating. Consumers also reported that they could perceive the potential for time savings and reduced effort compared with traditional forms of shopping, but that, at present, goal-directed shopping was difficult. Nearly everyone in the sample had something negative to say about customer service on the World Wide Web, judging that the sites were not designed to be responsive to their needs and that the presentation of goods and services seemed intangible. Risk was cited as a barrier to shopping on the World Wide Web, but was not as salient to our sample as product perceptions, shopping experience, and customer service. Overall, the results suggest that World Wide Web merchants need to think more about how they perform on the factors known to affect consumer behavior; namely, product perceptions, shopping experience, and customer service. We offer advice for enhancing the design of World Wide Web retail sites.Key Words and Phrases: attitudes and intentions to shop on the Internetconsumer perceptionselectronic retailingInternet consumer behaviormarketing on the World Wide Webretail patronage in on-line stores
Fin Width $(W_{\rm fin})$ Dependence of Programming Characteristics on a Dopant-Segregated Schottky-Barrier (DSSB) FinFET SONOS Device for a NOR-Type Flash Memory Device (2009)

This letter is aimed at experimentally investigating the fin width (W <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">fin</sub> ) dependence of both a dopant-segregated Schottky-barrier (DSSB) and a conventional FinFET SONOS device with diffused p-n junctions for application of a NOR-type flash memory device. High parasitic resistance (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">para</sub> ) at the source/drain by a narrowed W <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">fin</sub> results in degradation of memory performance for the conventional FinFET SONOS device. In contrast, it is shown that a narrow W <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">fin</sub> significantly improves the memory performance for the DSSB FinFET SONOS device, resulting from an improved lateral electric field without a significant change of the R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">para</sub> value.
Measurement of optical intensity fluctuation over an 118 km turbulent path (2008)

An 11.8km optical link is established to examine the intensity fluctuation of the laser beam transmission through atmosphere turbulence. Probability density function, fade statistic, and high-frequency spectrum are researched based on the analysis of the experimental data collected in each season of a year, including both weak and strong fluctuation cases. Finally, the daily variation curve of scintillation index is given, compared with the variation of refractive-index structure parameter C(n) (2), which is calculated from the experimental data of angle of arrival. This work provides the experimental results that are helpful to the atmospheric propagation research and the free-space optical communication system design.
Biological Applications of Supramolecular Assemblies Designed for Excitation Energy Transfer (2015)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTBiological Applications of Supramolecular Assemblies Designed for Excitation Energy TransferHui-Qing Peng†, Li-Ya Niu†‡, Yu-Zhe Chen†, Li-Zhu Wu†, Chen-Ho Tung*†§, and Qing-Zheng Yang*†‡View Author Information† Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China‡ Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China§ Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China*E-mail: [email protected]*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2015, 115, 15, 7502–7542Publication Date (Web):June 4, 2015Publication History Received17 December 2014Published online4 June 2015Published inissue 12 August 2015https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr5007057https://doi.org/10.1021/cr5007057review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2015 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views11465Altmetric-Citations424LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chromophores,Energy transfer,Fluorescence,Fluorescence resonance energy transfer,Nanoparticles Get e-Alerts
University of Chicago Survey: Trends in University Growth (1933)

"University of Chicago Survey: Trends in University Growth." The Journal of Higher Education, 4(7), p. 391
A survey on multi‐output regression (2015)

In recent years, a plethora of approaches have been proposed to deal with the increasingly challenging task of multi‐output regression. This study provides a survey on state‐of‐the‐art multi‐output regression methods, that are categorized as problem transformation and algorithm adaptation methods. In addition, we present the mostly used performance evaluation measures, publicly available data sets for multi‐output regression real‐world problems, as well as open‐source software frameworks. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2015, 5:216–233. doi: 10.1002/widm.1157 This article is categorized under: Technologies > Machine Learning
THAAD system loading capacity evaluation in anticipated tactical field environments (1997)

Theater missile defense (TMD) programs present many challenges. Among these is the requirement for sensors to achieve performance against scenarios composed of multiple target candidates and interceptors spatially and temporally offset, and representative of raids as might be encountered under anticipated field operational conditions. In the case of the THAAD system, multiple object track files for tactical ballistic missiles (TBMs) and dispatched interceptors must be handled and serviced simultaneously. Not only do numerous objects of various target classes require simultaneous processing, but each object transitions through a sequence of functions that include: search, detection, track initiation, object track, various levels of discrimination, maintenance track following discrimination, and kill assessment. Each function has differing requirements in terms of imposed radar and data processor (DP) loads driven. In addition, associated with each object and function required to achieve total system performance is a different priority level. This paper addresses use of the THAAD Project Office/Raytheon Company designed and developed Multi-Target Engagement Performance Evaluation Simulation (MTEPES) of the THAAD system, as well as the XonTech developed Integrated Radar Algorithm Simulator (IRAS) model, to evaluate mission load handling against multiple target scenarios, which tax the ability of the system to conduct effective search, track, discrimination, designation and intercept strategies. Candidate heavy loading mission scenarios are described and assessed.