gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proceedings of the 2nd workshop on lyme disease in the Southeast (1993)

This volume provides author prepared abstracts of oral presentation at the Second Workshop on Lyme Disease in the Southeast head in Raleigh, North Carolina September 7-9, 1993. The 33 presentations covered various aspects of the epidemic including geographical distribution of various species of ticks, transmission risks, Lyme Disease epidemiology, and taxonomic aspects.
Leveraging Orthographic Similarity for Multilingual Neural Transliteration (2018)

We address the task of joint training of transliteration models for multiple language pairs ( multilingual transliteration). This is an instance of multitask learning, where individual tasks (language pairs) benefit from sharing knowledge with related tasks. We focus on transliteration involving related tasks i.e., languages sharing writing systems and phonetic properties ( orthographically similar languages). We propose a modified neural encoder-decoder model that maximizes parameter sharing across language pairs in order to effectively leverage orthographic similarity. We show that multilingual transliteration significantly outperforms bilingual transliteration in different scenarios (average increase of 58% across a variety of languages we experimented with). We also show that multilingual transliteration models can generalize well to languages/language pairs not encountered during training and hence perform well on the zeroshot transliteration task. We show that further improvements can be achieved by using phonetic feature input.
Immunoassay for determining low- and high-Mr antigens with a dry multilayer film (1991)

Journal Article Immunoassay for determining low- and high-Mr antigens with a dry multilayer film Get access Y Ashihara, Y Ashihara Fujirebio Inc., Research Labs., Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T Hiraoka, T Hiraoka Fujirebio Inc., Research Labs., Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y Makino, Y Makino Fujirebio Inc., Research Labs., Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H Shinoki, H Shinoki Fujirebio Inc., Research Labs., Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N Hora, N Hora Fujirebio Inc., Research Labs., Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y Sudo, Y Sudo Fujirebio Inc., Research Labs., Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M Ogawa, M Ogawa Fujirebio Inc., Research Labs., Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T Tanimoto, T Tanimoto Fujirebio Inc., Research Labs., Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T Ninomiya, T Ninomiya Fujirebio Inc., Research Labs., Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I Nishizono I Nishizono Fujirebio Inc., Research Labs., Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 37, Issue 9, 1 September 1991, Pages 1525–1526, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/37.9.1525 Published: 01 September 1991
Online State Estimation in Electrified Vehicles Linked to Vehicle Dynamics (2015)

Electric vehicles have the potential to significantly reduce energy consumption and emissions for personal and commercial road transport and number of electric vehicles is likely to increase in the future due to stricter emission legislations. In order to accelerate market penetration, the competiveness of electric vehicles should increase in comparison to conventional vehicles. Active safety is an area where electric vehicle have a possible advantage over conventional vehicle and that could reduce the number of fatalities and injuries in road traffic accidents. However, the performance of active safety systems today is limited by the knowledge of vehicle state estimates and vehicle parameters, e.g. vehicle speed and the tyre-road friction coefficient. This thesis investigates the potential benefits of using the electric motor as a sensing element to improve state and parameter estimations and thereby also active safety systems. In particular, accurate torque estimation provided by electric propulsion is utilized as an additional source of information. The possibility of using active tyre force excitation for the estimation of the tyre-road friction coefficient is also investigated. The results show that there is a potential to improve the longitudinal and, in some situations, the lateral tyre force estimation using electric motors. However, the estimates are sensitive to errors in the inertial parameters. A method for estimating the vehicle inertial parameters was therefore proposed. The estimate of the vehicle mass converged to within 3% of the measured value for the evaluated test cases. However, the estimation of the longitudinal centre of gravity position and the yaw inertia of the vehicle is sensitive to measurement errors and disturbances. This is mainly due to the weak link between lateral and longitudinal dynamics in normal driving conditions. An alternative method using the seat belt indicators was therefore proposed. This method improves the estimates of these parameters on average when compared to assuming default values. A method to estimate the tyre-road friction coefficient with active tyre force excitation was also proposed. This method enables the estimation of the tyre-road friction coefficient when demanded from an active safety system. Electric motors offer several advantages for active tyre force excitation. The fast response and the ability to apply both positive and negative torque can improve the slip control of the wheels, which is crucial for vehicle stability during the intervention.In summary, the improved wheel torque estimation has the potential to improve the tyre force estimation in both the longitudinal direction directly and in the lateral direction through improved inertial parameter estimation. Furthermore, the electric motor as an actuator provides further opportunities during active tyre force excitation.
NUMERICALSIMULATIONOFFIELDEMISSIONFROM A SEMICONDUCTORWEDGE NANOTIP (2005)

Silicon isconsidered asoneofthemostsuitable material forvacuummicro- andnanoelectronics (VM)based onfield emitter array (FEA)conceptUl. Silicon, though hasorders of magnitude fewerconduction bandelectrons thanmetals, hasemitting characteristics comparable tometals, andhighly developed silicon batch technology canbeapplied tomake various VM devices, including transistor-like structures (see, e.g.,121). However field emission fromsemiconductors haspeculiar features 3'41 vital forsuccessful development ofVM devices. Highelectric fieldpenetrates deepenoughintothe semiconductor andresults inintense electron heating neartheemitting surfacet45,. Since the tunneling coefficient exponentially depends onenergy, this drastically affects theemission characteristics andheatdissipation. Thustheelectron transport insemiconductor field emitter isinfact highly non-equilibrium hotelectron process andisanactual physical andpractical problem. We report ona theoretical investigation andnumenrcal simulation ofhotelectron transport inawedgen-type silicon field microemitter withanano-edge. We consider the single diodeFEA cellofrealgeometry anduse2D quasi-hydrodynamic self-consistent approach based oncontinuity equation, energy balance equation andPoisson's equation added bythematerial equations asamodel. Relaxation timeapproximation isadmitted andimpact ionization istaken into account whenmodeling thehotelectron transport insemiconductor cathode. Thequasi-electrostatic problem inavacuummicrocel's space outside thecathode is solved self-consistentl y toobtain current -voltage characteristics. We haveelaborated therelevant numerical method tocopewithstrong non-linearity and complex geometry oftheproblem. Original finite difference schemewithalternating triangle gridhasbeenworkedandparallel processing hasbeenusedtorealize effectively the numerical scheme. We havecalculated 2D steady-state distributions oftheelectric field inthecell, and charge carriers density andelectron temperature distributions inthesemiconductor cathode. We haveshownthathotelectrons dominate theemission inactual fields andimpact
Groups with restrictions on subgroups of infinite rank (2014)

It is known that a (generalized) soluble group whose proper subgroups of infinite rank are abelian either is abelian or has finite rank. It is proved here that if G is a group of infinite rank such that all its proper subgroups of infinite rank have locally finite commutator subgroup, then the commutator subgroup G' of G is locally finite, provided that G satisfies a suitable generalized solubility condition. Moreover, a similar result is obtained for groups whose proper subgroups of infinite rank are quasihamiltonian.
Plant proteins under oxidative attack (2012)

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species can modify various biomolecules, including proteins. The resulting protein modifications are highly diverse, can be reversible as well as irreversible, and might affect protein structure and function. Besides random modifications, targeted modifications at specific amino acids in surface-accessible protein regions occur. These changes are of particular interest as, e.g. by altering the local protein conformation; they might initiate specific (oxidative) signaling pathways. Here, we focus on two protein modifications that are found under conditions of oxidative stress in plants: oxidation of the sulfur-containing methionine and nitration of tyrosine. We review the functional consequences caused by the oxidation of several plant proteins and line-up those proteomics technologies that are amenable to study these selected modifications.
SURFACTANT IN ACTIVATION BY HYPERVENTILATION (1976)

WYSZOGRODSKI, I.; KYEI-ABOAGYE, K.; TAEUSCH, H. W. JR.; AVERY, M. E. Author Information
Comparison of Unimolecular Decomposition Pathways for Carboxylic Acids of Relevance to Biofuels (2013)

Quantum mechanical molecular modeling is used [M06-2X/6-311++G(2df,p)] to compare activation energies and rate constants for unimolecular decomposition pathways of saturated and unsaturated carboxylic acids that are important in the production of biofuels and that are models for plant and algae-derived intermediates. Dehydration and decarboxylation reactions are considered. The barrier heights to decarboxylation and dehydration are similar in magnitude for saturated acids (∼71 kcal mol(-1)), with an approximate 1:1 [H2O]/[CO2] branching ratio over the temperature range studied (500-2000 K). α,β-Unsaturation lowers the barrier to decarboxylation between 2.2 and 12.2 kcal mol(-1) while increasing the barriers to dehydration by ∼3 kcal mol(-1). The branching ratio, as a result, is an order of magnitude smaller, [H2O]/[CO2] = 0.07. For some α,β-unsaturated acids, six-center transition states are available for dehydration, with barrier heights of ∼35.0 kcal mol(-1). The branching ratio for these acids can be as high as 370:1. β,γ-Unsaturation results in a small lowering in the barrier height to decarboxylation (∼70.0 kcal mol(-1)). β,γ-Unsaturation also leads to a lowering in the dehydration pathway from 1.7 to 5.1 kcal mol(-1). These results are discussed with respect to predicted kinetic values for acids of importance in biofuels production.
Metal Complexes of D-Glucosamine and its Derivatives. IV. Determinations of Stability and Equilibrium Constants of Metal Complexes of D-Glucosamine by pH Titration Method (1965)

Stability constants and equilibrium constants of seven metal complexes of D-glucosamine (I) with Cu, Pb, Zn, Co, Cd, Ni, and Mn were determined by pH titration methdo. The possibility of complex formation of I with metal ions were examined and Bjerrum's method for calculations of stability constants was also studied, and was found to be applicable to these metal complexes. Complexes having a 1 : 1 and 2 : 1 of I to a metal ion were formed in the solution and their stability constants were calculated. Copper complexes were found to be the most stable compound and had the largest log K1 and log K2 values among these metal complexes. From the results of hydrolysis constants calculated of these complexes, the copper complex was found to be most susceptible to hydrolysis. Further study showed that the dimerization of complex occurred only in the case of the copper complex. Consequently, the formation path way and the possible structures for these metal complexes were proposed based upon the experimental data.
The effects of glaucoma on the latency of the multifocal visual evoked potential (2006)

Although up to 40% of patients showed delays in the mfVEP latency, these delays were modest, on average a few milliseconds. These results differ markedly from those of a recent conventional VEP study, which reported 100% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and an average delay that exceeded 25 ms.
Norton, Grace, 1910 August 26 (1892)

H.J. writes, Now I am back from all the romance in the prosaic London of the fag-end of August.
Precision registration method for 0.5 &amp;#181;m electron beam lithography (1981)

In order to fabricate 0.5 µm rule LSIs, a precision electron beam exposure system, titled EB55, has been developed. A new registration method, that corrects pattern positioning errors derived from wafer warping, was designed for this system, and 0.05 µm stitching accuracy and ±0.1 µm overlay accuracy were attained.
Enhancing Analysis of Cells and Proteins by Fluorescence Imaging on Silk-Based Biomaterials: Modulating the Autofluorescence of Silk (2014)

Silk is a versatile and established biomaterial for various tissue engineering purposes. However, it also exhibits strong autofluorescence signals-thereby hindering fluorescence imaging analysis of cells and proteins on silk-derived biomaterials. Sudan Black B (SB) is a lysochrome dye commonly used to stain lipids in histology. It has also been reported to be able to quench autofluorescence of tissues in histology and has been tested on artificial biomedical polymers in recent years. It was hypothesized that SB would exert similar quenching effects on silk, modulating the autofluorescence signals, and thereby enabling improved imaging analysis of cells and molecules of interests. The quenching effect of SB on the intrinsic fluorescence properties of silk and on commercial fluorescent dyes were first investigated in this study. SB was then incorporated into typical fluorescence-based staining protocols to study its effectiveness in improving fluorescence-based imaging of the cells and proteins residing with the silk-based biomaterials. Silk processed into various forms of biomaterials (e.g., films, sponges, fibers, and electrospun mats) was seeded with cells and cultured in vitro. At sacrificial time points, specimens were harvested, fixed, and prepared for fluorescence staining. SB, available commercially as a powder, was dissolved in 70% ethanol (0.3% [w/v]) to form staining solutions. SB treatment was introduced at the last step of typical immunofluorescence staining protocols for 15-120 min. For actin staining protocols by phalloidin toxin, SB staining solutions were added before and after permeabilization with Triton-X for 15-30 min. Results showed that ideal SB treatment duration is about 15 min. Apart from being able to suppress the autofluorescence of silk, this treatment duration was also not too long to adversely affect the fluorescent labeling probes used. The relative improvement brought about by SB treatment was most evident in the blue and green emission wavelengths compared with the red emission wavelength. This study has showed that the use of SB is a cost and time effective approach to enhance fluorescence-based imaging analyses of cell-seeded silk biomaterials, which otherwise would have been hindered by the unmodulated autofluorescence signals.
Molecular and cytogenetic analysis of immortalized human primary keratinocytes obtained after transfection with human papillomavirus type 16 DNA. (1987)

A proliferating population of human foreskin keratinocytes (presently in the sixtieth passage) has been obtained after transfection with human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 DNA. In contrast, the control cultures did not survive beyond the sixth passage. Cytogenetic analysis of cells taken from the twelfth passage revealed a heteroploid male karyotype. In approximately 50% of the cells a common marker chromosome was found, suggesting a clonal origin for at least part of the population. This is further substantiated by Southern blot analysis of cellular DNA which revealed oligomeric HPV 16 genomes integrated at a single site within the host DNA. RNA transcribed from the early region of the HPV 16 genome was identified in the cytoplasm. The immortalizing effect of HPV 16 DNA on human keratinocytes could be reproduced in a second experiment. Such cell lines represent an unique system to study the interaction of HPV with its natural target cell in vitro.
Bench-scale study on zero excess activated sludge production process coupled with ozonation unit in membrane bioreactor (2008)

In this bench-scale study, two promising processes for minimizing excess activated sludge (EAS) production, i.e., membrane bioreactor (MBR) and sludge ozonation (SO), were coupled in this study into the MBR-SO process to treat domestic wastewater for 80 days, and the vital related operational factors were also investigated. Mathematical models were developed to elucidate the relationships among process control parameters and the actually operational effects of these parameters on the performance of MBR-SO process. As a consequence, the ratio of flow-rate draining to ozonation unit (q) to influent wastewater flow-rate (Q) was the mainly operational parameter, which was significantly affected by the sludge lysing ratio in ozonation unit (xi), produced COD per unit mass lysed MLSS (eta), observed sludge yield coefficient for wastewater (Y(obs)) and intrinsic yield coefficient for COD produced by lysed sludge (Y(2)). To keep the mixed liquid suspended solid concentration (MLSS) in MBR around 8,000 mg/L, the ratio of q/Q and xi for each batch ozonation was set at 0.0067 and 0.72, respectively. The generated EAS was continuously drained into ozonation unit at a frequency of 2 batch/d for lysing cells, and almost constant MLSS concentration with zero observed sludge yield coefficient (Y(obs)) and excellent effluent quality could be achieved in MBR except for TP concentration (only approximately 3.62% TP removal efficiency rate obtained in Test stage). The calculation of sludge disintegration number (SDN) and the maximum SDN (SDN(max)) indicated that the higher xi could reduce apparently the sludge amount needed for ozonation. The low input ozone gas concentration and high flow-rate could enhance the sludge lysing effects at same ozone dosage, and therefore lower energy consumption of 0.041Yuan (USD 0.0053)/m(3) wastewater was obtained. Overall, mass balance showed that the preset value of operation parameters listed in mathematical models matched well with trends of sludge reduction found in this experimental result.
Polymethacrylates with a Covalently Linked Cu<sup><scp>II</scp></sup>–Cyclen Complex for the In Situ Generation of Nitric Oxide from Nitrosothiols in Blood (2006)

In the matrix: A new cross-linked hydrogel polymer, poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA), containing appended CuII–cyclen sites (cyclen=1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) was prepared and shown to generate nitric oxide from endogenous S-nitrosothiol species (RSNO) typically found in circulating whole blood.
Germline mutations in the <i>RB1</i> gene in patients with hereditary retinoblastoma (1995)

We have analyzed the 27 exons and the promoter region of the RB1 gene in familial or sporadic bilateral retinoblastoma by using single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. For improvement over previous studies, a new set of primers has been designed, which allow for amplification of the coding and splicing sequences only. The positioning of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers was such that the resulting PCR products were of different sizes, which enabled us to analyze two different exons simultaneously and still distinguish between the banding profiles for both (biplex analysis). By using this approach, we were able to identify mutation in 22 new patients, but the overall efficiency of the procedure when we used a single-pass regimen was only 48%. The mutations were small insertions and deletions and point mutations in roughly equal proportions.
ChemInform Abstract: DIE RK. VON NITRILEN MIT ACYLCHLORIDEN IN GEGENWART VON CHLORWASSERSTOFF (1973)

Abstract Dieser Übersichtsartikel beschreibt Reaktionen von Nitrilen mit reaktiven Säurechloriden wie Malonsäuredichlorid und Phosgen in Gegenwart von Chlor= Wasserstoff, wobei über die Stufe von Imidoylchloriden sechsgliedrige Heterocyclen und reaktive offenkettige Verbindungen gebildet werden.
Novel magnetic core-shell polypyrrole-Fe3O4 nanoparticles functionalized by peptides or albumin (2010)

Novel magnetic core-shell iron oxide nanoparticles, covered by polypyrrole which is functionalized by covalent attachment of glycyl-leucine or bovine serum albumin were synthesized using N-hydroxysuccinimide as activating reagent. The morphology of the functionalized magnetic nanoparticles was investigated by DLS and HRTEM, showing a coreshell structure. The structures of magnetic nanoparticles based on functionalized polypyrrole were investigated by FTIR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction and the magnetic properties were determined by magnetization measurements.
Cytoskeletal Changes in Hypoxic Pulmonary Endothelial Cells Are Dependent on MAPK-activated Protein Kinase MK2 (2002)

Exposure to hypoxia causes structural changes in the endothelial cell layer that alter its permeability and its interaction with leukocytes and platelets. One of the well characterized cytoskeletal changes in response to stress involves the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and the formation of stress fibers. This report describes cytoskeletal changes in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells in response to hypoxia and potential mechanisms involved in this process. The hypoxia-induced actin redistribution appears to be mediated by components downstream of MAPK p38, which is activated in pulmonary endothelial cells in response to hypoxia. Our results indicate that kinase MK2, which is a substrate of p38, becomes activated by hypoxia, leading to the phosphorylation of one of its substrates, HSP27. Because HSP27 phosphorylation is known to alter actin distribution in response to other stimuli, we postulate that it also causes the actin redistribution observed in hypoxia. This notion is supported by the observations that similar actin redistribution occurs in cells overexpressing constitutively active MK2 or phosphomimicking HSP27 mutant. Overexpressing dominant negative MK2 blocks the effects of hypoxia on the actin cytoskeleton. Taken together these results indicate that hypoxia stimulates the p38-MK2-HSP27 pathway leading to significant alteration in the actin cytoskeleton.