gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toward Algorithmic Accountability in Public Services (2019)

Algorithmic decision-making systems are increasingly being adopted by government public service agencies. Researchers, policy experts, and civil rights groups have all voiced concerns that such systems are being deployed without adequate consideration of potential harms, disparate impacts, and public accountability practices. Yet little is known about the concerns of those most likely to be affected by these systems. We report on workshops conducted to learn about the concerns of affected communities in the context of child welfare services. The workshops involved 83 study participants including families involved in the child welfare system, employees of child welfare agencies, and service providers. Our findings indicate that general distrust in the existing system contributes significantly to low comfort in algorithmic decision-making. We identify strategies for improving comfort through greater transparency and improved communication strategies. We discuss the implications of our study for accountable algorithm design for child welfare applications.
Integrating UAVs into the Cloud Using the Concept of the Web of Things (2015)

UAVs, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, have gained significant attention recently, due to the increasingly growing range of applications. Most UAVs use radio frequency transmission to communicate with the ground station to receive commands and send data. However, this model of communication restricts the user to being in specific locations and limits missions to narrow areas. This paper proposes a Cloud Computing (CC) integration where the UAVs become part of the cloud infrastructure and can be accessed ubiquitously. This concept is similar to the Internet of Things (IoT) where smart objects are connected to the Internet and are given unique identification. Moreover, to provide an appropriate way of communication, UAV resources are developed as web services. They provide their resources and services through a uniform interface using the RESTful HTTP architecture. This concept is relevant to the Web of Things (WoT) that provides smart objects with interfaces to be accessed through the World Wide Web (WWW). However, in UAVs, not only the web services are computational services but they are also physical elements affecting and affected by the real world environment.
<i>Principles and Applications of Random Noise Theory</i> (1959)

Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Julius S. Bendat, George L. Turin; Principles and Applications of Random Noise Theory. Physics Today 1 April 1959; 12 (4): 46–49. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3060776 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPhysics Today Search Advanced Search
La justicia, transfigurada por las víctimas: cuando el tribunal se hace psicólogo (2019)

Desde siempre, la intensidad dramatica de algunos casos criminales desafia la serenidad de la Justicia. Esta tension propia del proceso penal se incrementa con la deificacion contemporanea de las victimas. El tribunal ya no debe solamente sancionar a un culpable, sino que, ademas, debe remediar el sufrimiento. De esta manera, la victima se convierte en fiscal y las penas se endurecen automaticamente.
EXAMINATION OF THE ABSORPTION PROPERTIES OF VARIOUS FIBRES IN RELATION TO UV RADIATION (2003)

Abstract The barrier properties of model fabrics as a protection against UV radiation have been examined by measuring the UV absorbing capacity of polymers of selected fibres containing dulling agents and optical brightening agents.
Remote stereocontrol using functionalized allylmetal reagents (2007)

Alk-2-enyl(trialkyl)stannanes with heteroatom substituents at the 4-, 5-, and 6-positions are transmetallated stereoselectively using tin(IV) halides to generate allyltin trihalides, which react with aldehydes to give (3Z)-homoallylic alcohols with efficient 1,5-, 1,6-, and 1,7-stereocontrol. This chemistry has been used to develop new strategies for natural product synthesis. Because of the toxicity of organotin reagents and the problems in removing organotin residues from reaction products, alternative procedures that avoid the use of organotin reagents have been investigated. To date, alk-2-enylgermanium reagents have been shown to deliver effective 1,5- and 1,6-stereocontrol, which is analogous to that observed for the organotin compounds. Organobismuth intermediates, which can be generated from allyl bromides and zinc-bismuth(III)iodide, react with aldehydes with efficient 1,5-stereocontrol which is complementary to that observed with the organo-stannanes or -germanes in that (3E)-homoallylic alcohols are obtained.
Cu(I)-Catalyzed, α-Selective, Allylic Alkylation Reactions between Phosphorothioate Esters and Organomagnesium Reagents (2011)

Regiocontrol of allylic alkylation reactions involving hard nucleophiles remains a significant challenge and continues to be an active area of research. The lack of general methods in which α-alkylation is favored underscores the need for the development of new processes for achieving this type of selectivity. We report that Cu(I) catalyzes the allylic substitution of phosphorothioate esters with excellent α-regioselectivity, regardless of the nature of the Grignard reagent that is used. To the best of our knowledge, the Cu-catalyzed allylic alkylation of phosphorothioate esters has never been described. We have also developed a simple protocol for inducing high α selectivity starting from secondary allylic halides. This is accomplished by using sodium phosphorothioates as an additive.
Statistical “Discoveries” and Effect-Size Estimation (1989)

Abstract Current methods of statistical inference are correct but incomplete. Small probability (α) of wrong null-hypothesis rejections can be misunderstood. Definitive rejections of null hypotheses, as well as interval assessments of effect sizes, are impossible in single cases with significance probabilities like .05. Sufficiently large sets of independent experiments and attained significance levels (p-values) should be registered. From such data it is possible to calculate least upper bounds for proportions of fallacies in sets of null-hypothesis rejections or effect-size assessments. A provisional rejection of a null hypothesis in a one-tailed test, or a one-sided confidence interval showing a nonzero effect, is here called a discovery. Consider a large number n of independent experiments with r discoveries. For r rejections of null hypotheses the proportion of fallacies Q has least upper bound Q max = (n/r — 1)α/(1 — α) < 1. For r confidence intervals, the proportion of fallacies is E = αn/r (assuming that no alternative is in the “wrong” direction).
Multimodal mapping and monitoring is beneficial during awake craniotomy for intra-cranial tumours: results of a dual centre retrospective study (2021)

Awake multi-modal monitoring is a safe and well tolerated technique. It provides preservation of extent of resection and clinical outcomes in cases of aborted awake craniotomy. Negative cortical mapping in combination with positive subcortical mapping was also shown to be safe, although not hitherto well described. Electrocorticography further enables the differentiation of seizure activity from true positive mapping, and the successful treatment of spikes prior to full clinical seizures occurring.
On the Enzymes of Lactic Acid Bacteria (1952)

Racemiase作用の研究を経済的且容易に進める目的を以て,旋光性乳酸の微量分離定量法の必要を痛感し, lacticodehydrogenaseの基質選択性を利用することにより目的を達し得た. (1) 充分アセトンで処理したLactobacillus plantarumを用いると次の式に従つて酸素吸収量からD-乳酸を定量し得る. CH5CHOHCOOH(D)+1/2 O2_??_CH3COCOOH+H2O (2) L. batatas及びL. sakeのlacticodehydrogenaseはそれぞれD-型及びL-型に限られ,何れもracemiaseを持たないため,これらの乾燥菌は直ちにそれぞれD-及びL-乳酸の定量に使い得る.但し此の場合はpyruvicodehydrogenase (LIPMANN)のため,反応式は次のようになる. CH3CHOHCOOH+1/2 O2_??_CH3COCOOH+H2O CH3COOH+CO2 (3) 本法をcell-free racemiaseの作用測定に適用して好結果の得られることを確認した.
Serine Derivative with Antitumor Activity (1960)

The sodium salt of N-dichloroacetyl-DL-serine depresses the growth of sarcoma-37 in mice, causing complete regressions of the tumor. The compound is nontoxic to mice in doses up to 4 gm/kg of body weight. The animals do not lose body weight and show no alteration in the formed elements of the blood or in hemoglobin content.
Inductive heat property of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in AC magnetic field for local hyperthermia (2006)

Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles with different magnetic properties were prepared by coprecipitation of Fe3+ and Fe2+ with aqueous NaOH solution.The inductive heat properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in an alternating current (AC) magnetic field were investigated for local hyperthermia. The maximum saunder the optimum conditions of Fe3+:Fe2+ molar ratio at 1.8:1. The Ms of Fe3O4 nanoparticles decreased as the Fe3+ /Fe2+ molar ratio increased. But the coercivity Hc increases with the increasing of Fe3+ /Fe2+ molar ratio. Exposed in the AC magnetic field for 29 min, the temperatures of physiological saline suspension containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles were 42-97.5 ℃.The inductive heat property of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in AC magnetic field decreases as Hc increases, but increases with the increasing of Ms. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles would be useful as good thermoseeds for localized hyperthermia treatment of cancers.
Selection of suitable stationary phases and optimum conditions for their application in the separation of basic compounds by reversed‐phase HPLC (2003)

Abstract In this review, some aspects of the separation of basic compounds by HPLC are discussed with especial reference to work carried out by the author. Procedures for column evaluation are explained, together with the effect of mobile phase modifier, pH, temperature, nature of buffer, and sample overloading on the chromatography of basic compounds. Some evaluations of new column types, such as embedded polar group phases, monoliths, and hybrid inorganic/organic phases are presented.
O Movimento Estudantil na Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM (1970-1987) (2011)

Este texto aborda a história do DCE e do movimento estudantil da Universidade Estadual de Maringá, no período compreendido entre a fundação da instituição e a implantação da gratuidade do ensino. Focalizando a singular gênese da UEM, ocorrida no auge da ditadura militar, a análise tem o objetivo de demonstrar como o movimento estudantil, em um processo de médio prazo, contribuiu para a pavimentação do caminho que levou à democratização da instituição e à conquista da gratuidade do ensino
Virtual tele-operation of underwater robots (2002)

Existing approaches of tele-operation of underwater robots using a video camera are very inefficient due to poor visibility around the worksite and limited camera field of view. This paper describes research work which attempts to overcome the problem by introducing a virtual telepresence operation approach. This virtual telepresence interface takes the robot's position and orientation data from a sonar navigation system, and generates 3D synthetic images of the worksite based on its CAD model using virtual reality technology. It provides the robot operators with a full perception of its spatial location, flexible options of viewpoints and functions for tele-operation of underwater robots. The interface can also be used for training of the robot operators. The main conclusion is that virtual telepresence incorporated with a robot safety domain concept not only can improve the efficiency of operation of underwater robots, but also forms the basis for supervisory control and fully automated control of the robots.
The Markov chain Monte Carlo method: an approach to approximate counting and integration (1996)

In the area of statistical physics, Monte Carlo algorithms based on Markov chain simulation have been in use for many years. The validity of these algorithms depends crucially on the rate of convergence to equilibrium of the Markov chain being simulated. Unfortunately, the classical theory of stochastic processes hardly touches on the sort of non-asymptotic analysis required in this application. As a consequence, it had previously not been possible to make useful, mathematically rigorous statements about the quality of the estimates obtained. Within the last ten years, analytical tools have been devised with the aim of correcting this deficiency. As well as permitting the analysis of Monte Carlo algorithms for classical problems in statistical physics, the introduction of these tools has spurred the development of new approximation algorithms for a wider class of problems in combinatorial enumeration and optimization. The “Markov chain Monte Carlo ” method has been applied to a variety of such problems, and often provides the only known efficient (i.e., polynomial time) solution technique.
Doping Test Results Dependent on Genotype of Uridine Diphospho-Glucuronosyl Transferase 2B17, the Major Enzyme for Testosterone Glucuronidation (2008)

Consideration of the genetic variation in disposition of androgens will improve the sensitivity and specificity of the testosterone doping test. This is of interest not only for combating androgen doping in sports, but also for detecting and preventing androgen abuse in society.
Restructuring Retirement Income Plans (2000)

Over the past 10 or 15 years, pension programs in the United States have been restructured from predominately defined benefit plans (DBPs) to defined contribution plans (DCPs). This shift was spurred by the increased costs, complexity and risks associated with ERISA and the increased availability of more flexible DCPs. This article examines two thrusts of the shift. The first is the emergence and expanded use of Section 401(k), 403(b) and 457 plans by relatively large organizations as either supplements to or substitutes for traditional DBPs. The second is the efforts of the federal government to encourage small businesses to provide retirement income programs for their employees. These efforts may be based on faulty assumptions and may be misdirected.
Polarization-induced electron populations (2000)

Electron populations induced by spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization in semiconductor heterostructures can be estimated simply by using elementary electrostatic theory. The method is illustrated for the AlGaN/GaN system in which the AlGaN barrier is either undoped, or doped n type, and the effect of a GaN overlayer is described.
Object-Business Process Mapping Frameworks: Abstractions, Architecture, and Implementation (2014)

The integration between enterprise architectures and Business Process Management Systems (BPMS) is currently based on low-level programming interfaces that expose accidental complexities typical of process implementations. This paper describes an approach for integrating software architectures and BPMSs, based on mapping frameworks. Our inspiration are the Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) frameworks widely used to shield information systems from low-level structures exposed by relational database systems. The paper describes the central abstractions that should be provided by Object -- Business Process Mapping Frameworks (OBPM). We also propose a reference architecture for implementing OBPMs and a concrete OBPM implementation, called NextFlow. We evaluated our approach by comparing two implementations of the same system, one using NextFlow and another using the native API supported by jBPM, a popular BPMS. By using NextFlow, we achieved a reduction of 30% in terms of lines of code, 35% in terms of number of classes, and 90% in terms of import statements, when implementing this system.
Television pupillometry via digital time processing. (1978)

A new modification of the dynamic, infrared recording pupillometer of the closed-circuit television type has been developed, utilizing recent developments in high speed electronic counters. The pupillometer is simple and reliable in operation, has excellent response characteristics, and can be used over a broad range of research and clinical applications.
Changes in tenascin-C isoform expression in invasive and preinvasive breast disease. (2002)

Tenascin-C (TN) is an extracellular matrix protein that is expressed at low levels in normal adult tissue but is highly expressed around many tumors including breast carcinoma. TN exists as multiple isoforms generated through alternative splicing, and these isoforms have different effects on cell growth and migration. This study has analyzed in detail the pattern of TN isoform expression in benign, preinvasive, and invasive breast lesions using reverse transcription-PCR and Southern blotting. Significant differences in the profile of TN isoforms were identified. Although all tissues expressed the fully truncated TN, expression of two additional isoforms, one containing exon 16 (TN16) and one containing both exons 14 and 16 (TN14/16), were significantly associated with the invasive phenotype (P < 0.001). A subset of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) cases were also found to express these isoforms, which may be indicative of a high risk of invasion in these lesions. Expression of these isoforms correlated with the presence of TN protein in the stroma in place of or in addition to basement membrane TN. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization confirmed the production of exon 14-containing higher molecular weight isoforms by stromal fibroblasts in malignant tissue and both periductal fibroblasts and residual myoepithelial cells in DCIS. Although no evidence of tumor cell synthesis of TN was detected in the tissues, two highly invasive breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB 231 and MDA-MB 468) were found to produce TN in contrast with tumor cells with a lower invasive capacity (MCF-7 and T47D). These results demonstrate for the first time that specific TN isoforms are expressed in invasive breast carcinomas and that these isoforms are identified in a subset of DCIS and suggest that detection of TN16 and/or TN14/16 may be used as a predictor for invasion. Functional studies are now essential to establish the effect of these isoforms on tumor behavior and evaluate whether they will provide appropriate targets for therapeutic intervention.
Sequence-Selective Evaluation of Peptide Side-Chain Interaction. New Artificial Receptors for Selective Recognition in Water (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSequence-Selective Evaluation of Peptide Side-Chain Interaction. New Artificial Receptors for Selective Recognition in WaterMd. Alamgir Hossain and Hans-Jörg SchneiderView Author Information FR Organische Chemie der Universität des Saarlandes D 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 43, 11208–11209Publication Date (Web):October 20, 1998Publication History Received10 July 1998Published online20 October 1998Published inissue 1 November 1998https://doi.org/10.1021/ja982435gCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views699Altmetric-Citations111LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (64 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Monomers,Noncovalent interactions,Peptides and proteins,Receptors,Titration Get e-Alerts
Two New Push-Pull Balanced Data Dissemination Algorithms for Any-Type Queries in Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks (2008)

How to get a better balance between the push and pull of the event data is the common goal of the various data dissemination algorithms in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). And the characteristics of the any-type query in WSNs is different from the All-type query. At this basis , the load of the system hotspot should be further decreased and the number of the event data replicas should be reduced. In the paper, two well-known typical structured and unstructured data dissemination algorithms (DCS and CN) are analyzed and their advantages and disadvantages are figured out. At the same time, by combining the push- pull strategies of the two algorithms, two new data dissemination algorithms are proposed based on the sequential DCS and CN push-pull strategies for the ANY-type queries in the different application situation in WSNs. The two new algorithms are Sequential-Dcs- Cnl(SDCl) and Sequential -Dcs-Cn2(SDC2). They have resolved the problems of the high load of the hotspot and the large number of the event data replicas and the low energy efficiency of queries on the premise that ensuring the balance between the push and pull. The theoretical analyses and simulations show that the performance of SDC1 is much better than that of the existing algorithms, and that ofSDC2 is close to DCS, but is more fit for the case of unevenly distributed events than SDC1. So they are much more appropriate for the WSNs which are large-scale and have large volume of data to be dealt with, and they are two energy-efficient data dissemination algorithms.
An Achromatic Ultraviolet Microscope Objective (1948)

Microscopes have been used with monochromatic illumination because achromatism in the ultraviolet has not been common. The authors have designed and made a few different objectives achromatized for a band width of about 100A in the region 2700A. These objectives make use of fused quartz and fluorite. They can be used in other regions of the ultraviolet spectrum, but require readjustment of focus.
Salphasic distribution of clock signals for synchronous systems (1994)

The design of a synchronous system having a global clock must account for propagation-delay-induced phase shifts experienced by the clock signal (clock skew) in its distribution network. As clock speeds and system diameters increase, this requirement becomes increasingly constraining on system designs. The paper describes a method that exploits properties of standing waves to reduce substantially clock skews due to unequal path lengths, for distribution network diameters up to several meters. The basic principles are developed for a loaded transmission line, and then applied to an arbitrary branching tree of such lines to implement a clock distribution network. The extension of this method to two- and three-dimensional distribution media is also presented, suggesting the feasibility of implementing printed circuit board clock planes exhibiting negligible phase shift over their extents.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>