gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physical, mental, emotional, and subjective workload components in train drivers (1994)

This study, using 12 train drivers on a high speed track and 11 drivers on a mountain track, tried to differentiate between the physical, emotional, mental, and subjective workload components imposed on the drivers during work. With the simultaneous recording and on-line analysis of heart rate and physical activity, the emotional component in terms of the so-called additional heart rate was separated from the physical component. Mental workload was calculated by the heart rate variability and by shifts in the T-wave amplitude of the ECG. Speed of the train, mode of driving, and stress of the situation were rated by two observers who accompanied the drivers in the cabin. During speeds up to 100 km/h as compared to standstills no heart rate changes occurred, but with speeds from 100 km/h up to 200 km/h heart rate decreased indicating a monotony effect. However, heart rate variability, and T-wave amplitude indicated higher mental load during driving in most speed categories. Starting the train and coming to a halt showed greater emotional workload as compared to moving. Observer ratings of stress and subjective ratings of stress by the drivers revealed several discrepancies. Discrepancies were also seen between workload as indicated by the physiological parameters, and corresponding stress ratings by the observers or by the drivers.
Soft‐input soft‐output modules for the construction and distributed iterative decoding of code networks (1998)

Abstract Soft‐input soft‐output building blocks (modules) are presented to construct and iteratively decode in a distributed fashion code networks , a new çoncept that includes, and generalizes, various forms of concatenated coding schemes. Among the modules, a central role is played by the SISO module (and the underlying algorithm): it consists of a four‐port device performing a processing of the sequences of two input probability distributions by constraining them to the code trellis structure. The SISO and other soft‐input soft‐output modules are employed to construct and decode a variety of code networks, including “turbo codes” and serially concatenated codes with interleavers.
About decisive moment (2014)

Cel W czasie przebiegu procesu psychoterapii, zachodzą szczególne zmiany, które przybierają niekiedy wyraz wyrazistych momentów w przeniesieniu. Te „decydujące chwile” są znakami, wskazującymi na zmiany zachodzące w obrębie układu tworzonego wspólnie przez terapeutę i pacjenta. W pismach Freuda i Klein można dostrzec odniesienia do takich „decydujących chwil”, które rozumiane są przez nich bądź jako moment nasilenia przeniesienia w relacji terapeutycznej, bądź jako wystąpienie procesu reparacji w życiu psychicznych pacjenta. Jednak koncepcja W. R. Biona kontenera i występujących w jego obrębie typu więzi umożliwia pełniejsze rozwinięcie pojęcia „decydującej chwili”, która znajduje swoje odzwierciedlenie w układzie przeniesienie – przeciwprzeniesienie. Obserwacja takich „decydujących chwil” przez terapeutę umożliwia mu konceptualizację zachodzących zmian w obrębie układu przeniesienia –przeciwprzeniesienia, oraz określenia kierunku tychże zmian Metoda W czasie przebiegu procesu psychoterapii, zachodzą szczególne zmiany, które przybierają niekiedy wyraz wyrazistych momentów w przeniesieniu. Wyniki W czasie przebiegu procesu psychoterapii, zachodzą szczególne zmiany, które przybierają niekiedy wyraz wyrazistych momentów w przeniesieniu. Wnioski W czasie przebiegu procesu psychoterapii, zachodzą szczególne zmiany, które przybierają niekiedy wyraz wyrazistych momentów w przeniesieniu. Te „decydujące chwile” są znakami, wskazującymi na zmiany zachodzące w obrębie układu tworzonego wspólnie przez terapeutę i pacjenta. W pismach Freuda i Klein można dostrzec odniesienia do takich „decydujących chwil”, które rozumiane są przez nich bądź jako moment nasilenia przeniesienia w relacji terapeutycznej, bądź jako wystąpienie procesu reparacji w życiu psychicznych pacjenta. Jednak koncepcja W. R. Biona kontenera i występujących w jego obrębie typu więzi umożliwia pełniejsze rozwinięcie pojęcia „decydującej chwili”, która znajduje swoje odzwierciedlenie w układzie przeniesienie – przeciwprzeniesienie.
Gene expression profiling of chemically induced rat mammary gland cancer (2004)

Exposure to carcinogens through diet, the atmosphere and other means is generally regarded as influencing human cancer risk, but the impact of specific environmental carcinogens on human breast cancer incidence is still unknown. We examined whether distinct chemical carcinogens induce a unique transcriptional profile in mammary gland cancer that is characteristic of the etiologic agent. Rat mammary gland cancers (n = 34) were generated by various carcinogens, including the food-derived heterocyclic amines 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine and 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, N-nitrosomethylurea and 4-aminobiphenyl. The histopathology of the carcinomas was graded using a modified Scarff-Bloom-Richardson scheme and the gene expression profiles in the carcinomas were evaluated on a 10K cDNA microarray. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis revealed two major clusters of carcinomas irrespective of the carcinogenic agent that distinguished two groups with different histopathological parameters (degree of differentiation, nuclear grade, mitotic activity, epithelial cell growth pattern and necrosis). Using class comparison analysis and hierarchical clustering of all carcinomas irrespective of histopathology, gene expression profiles were further shown to be statistically differentially expressed according to the carcinogenic agent. These findings indicate that the transcriptional program in carcinomas is unique to the etiologic agent and can be observed among a diverse set of carcinogens despite variations in carcinoma histopathology. The ability to use microarray analysis to discern an etiology-specific profile among a pathologically heterogeneous group of breast carcinomas may ultimately be valuable in determining the role of environmental chemical carcinogens in human breast cancer risk.
An overview of network virtualization and cloud network as a service (2014)

SUMMARY Cloud computing services delivery and consumption model is based on communication infrastructure (network). The network serves as a linkage between the end‐users consuming cloud services and the providers of data centers providing the cloud services. In addition, in large‐scale cloud data centers, tens of thousands of compute and storage nodes are connected by a data center network to deliver a single‐purpose cloud service. To this end, some questions could be raised, such as the following: How do network architectures affect cloud computing? How will network architecture evolve to support better cloud computing and cloud‐based service delivery? What is the network's role in reliability, performance, scalability, and security of cloud computing? Should the network be a dumb transport pipe or an intelligent stack that is cloud workload aware? This paper focuses on the networking aspect in cloud computing and shall provide insights to these questions. Researchers can use this paper to accelerate their research on devising mechanisms for the following: (i) provisioning cloud network as a service and (ii) engineering network of data centers. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cutting structure-aware analog placement based on self-aligned double patterning with e-beam lithography (2015)

Self-aligned double patterning (SADP) with complementary e-beam lithography (EBL) is one of the most promising hybrid-lithography techniques for sub-20nm designs. The complementary EBL mitigates the deficiencies of using a single cut mask in SADP. However, the low throughput and negative side effects of EBL might significantly increase the manufacturing costs and damage the symmetry properties in analog circuits. In this paper, we present the first work that considers SADP with EBL during analog placement to simultaneously optimize the area, wirelength, overlay errors, and e-beam shots. We first propose an overlay and cut conflict-aware SADP decomposition algorithm to optimize the overlay errors and e-beam shots in a layout. Then, a dynamic programming based module shifting technique is developed based on a symmetry-feasible slicing tree formulation to further minimize the differences of overlay errors and e-beam shots between symmetry modules during analog placement. To explore and obtain a desired placement, an analog placement flow is also presented. Experimental results show that our flow can effectively and efficiently reduce area, overlay errors, and e-beam shots while satisfying the symmetry constraints for analog placement.
Tags for the Stable Isotopic Labeling of Carbohydrates and Quantitative Analysis by Mass Spectrometry (2007)

Although stable isotopic labeling has found widespread use in the proteomics field, its application to carbohydrate quantification has been limited. Herein we report the design, synthesis, and application of a novel series of compounds that allow for the incorporation of isotopic variation within glycan structures. The novel feature of the compounds is the ability to incorporate the isotopes in a controlled manner, allowing for the generation of four tags that vary only in their isotopic content. This allows for the direct comparisons of three samples or triplicate measurements with an internal standard within one mass spectral analysis. Quantitation of partially depolymerized glycosaminoglycan mixtures, as well as N-linked glycans released from fetuin, is used to demonstrate the utility of the tetraplex tagging strategy.
An electronic device for measuring small transient displacements (1952)

A description is given of an electronic device for measuring small transient displacements of magnitude down to 10 μin, the apparatus being suitable for use whenever it is possible for part of the equipment to be mounted on a stable support and a small, light-weight steel plate to be attached to the moving part. The apparatus was devised initially for measuring the relative and absolute movements of concrete road slabs under the wheel loads of vehicles. The device is based upon the variation of output of a high-frequency oscillator caused by the movement of a metal disk near its tuning coil, and the output is linear over the range up to 0.10 in. The equipment is used with a persistent cathode-ray tube for visual estimation of displacements, and with cathode-ray recording gear when permanent photographic records of the displacements are needed.
Delivering voice over the Internet (2002)

Due to packet loss and random delay problems in the Internet, the transmission of real-time voice over such an environment is a complex and challenging issue. Many researchers have been devoted to this active research area. In the present paper, we develop a voice-delivery scheme to tackle the above problems. To overcome jitter and packet loss, an adaptive voice synchronization scheme is constructed in a feedback configuration. This scheme consists of the two following mechanisms, a delay and loss measurement mechanism and a QoS adjustment mechanism. Clearly, voice is a crucial medium for networked multimedia systems. The proposed voice tool is extremely valuable in supporting applications such as computer supported cooperative work (CSCW), Internet telephony, or multimedia instruction on demand (MID). Therefore, the results obtained in the present work are of benefit to many networked multimedia systems.
Next-generation sequencing and its clinical application (2019)

NGS1-4 is a new technology for DNA and RNA sequencing and variant/mutation detection. This technology combines the advantages of unique sequencing chemistries, different sequencing matrices, and bioinformatics technology. Such a combination allows a massive parallel sequencing of various lengths of DNA or RNA sequences or even whole genome within a relatively short period of time. It is a revolutionary sequencing technology after Sanger sequencing5. 

NGS involves several major steps in sequencing. For example, DNA NGS involves DNA fragmentation, library preparation, massive parallel sequencing, bioinformatics analysis, and variant/mutation annotation and interpretation.

DNA fragmentation
DNA fragmentation is used to break the targeted DNA into many short segments, usually 100–300 bp in length. Different methods can be used to achieve this. DNA can be fragmented using mechanical methods, enzymatic digestion6, or other methods. For example, sonication can be used to break DNA into short segments. The short segments relevant to the targeted DNA sequences are pulled out using specific complementary probes of different designs7,8. This method is usually referred to as hybridization capture assay. Another method involves polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. In this method, many pairs of primers are used to amplify the targeted DNA segments using PCR. The PCR products serve as short segments of targeted DNA. This method is usually called amplicon assay9,10. The DNA segments are then used for library preparation.
Business modernization opportunities with optical network units (1993)

Canadian network operators are continuously evolving their telecommunication networks. To meet customer service objectives and to minimize operations, administration, maintenance and provisioning (OAM&P) expenses, a focused technology deployment strategy is necessary. Optical network unit (ONU) deployment to better meet service requirements and business customer needs is discussed. Modernizing the access network can be performed through one of the pre-defined ONU technology deployment alternatives. Each of these deployment plans have their merits relative to the economics and the OAM&P savings. A prioritization process is mandatory in order to optimize network deployment plans and investments. The utility of utilizing ONUs for business modernization is demonstrated. There are opportunities in small, medium, and even large business applications.
Stop and Go: Yes or No? (2009)

This issue of Journal of Clinical Oncology brings us the results of the attenuated, yet instructive, OPTIMOX2 (Optimized Leucovorin [LV]-Fluorouracil [FU]-Oxaliplatin) trial.
Smart electric vehicle charging system (2011)

In this work is proposed the design of a system to create and handle Electric Vehicles (EV) charging procedures, based on intelligent process. Due to the electrical power distribution network limitation and absence of smart meter devices, Electric Vehicles charging should be performed in a balanced way, taking into account past experience, weather information based on data mining, and simulation approaches. In order to allow information exchange and to help user mobility, it was also created a mobile application to assist the EV driver on these processes. This proposed Smart Electric Vehicle Charging System uses Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology, in order to connect Electric Vehicles and also renewable energy sources to Smart Grids (SG). This system also explores the new paradigm of Electrical Markets (EM), with deregulation of electricity production and use, in order to obtain the best conditions for commercializing electrical energy.
Determination of Parameters Useful for the Control of the Average Size of Pd Nanoparticles for C–Pd Composite (2014)

Carbon–palladium composites have been investigated by the method of transmission electron microscopy. The composites have been obtained by two different processes: physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The relation between the average size of a palladium particle, the time, and temperature has been carried out. The samples were annealed at different temperatures—from $$500\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ to $$750\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ but also for three different times, that is, 5 min, 10 min, and 30 min. Activation energies were calculated from the Arrhenius equation. Obtained values for PVD and PVD/CVD samples are: $$64.6\,\hbox {kJ}{\cdot }\hbox {mol}^{-1}$$ and $$38.8\,\hbox {kJ}{\cdot }\hbox {mol}^{-1}$$ , respectively. Determination of the activation energy will be useful in controlling the growth of palladium grains. Significant differences in values for both series resulted from encapsulation in graphite–palladium particles, which were obtained in the PVD/CVD process. Those graphite planes are formed at temperatures above $$600\,\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ and significantly slow down the growth of palladium particles.
Ovni-net : a flexible cluster interconnect for the new OVNI Real-time simulator (2009)

The original OVNI Real-time simulator employs one of the lowest latency network solutions available today. However, with the advent of the MATE solution scheme, a new, more flexible interconnect solution became necessary. Also, the current system is limited in bandwidth and tied into the IDE hard-disk interface. This technology is soon to disappear, in favor of serial ATA. The new system presented circumvents any of the normal PC standard ports and is build directly on top of the industry-standard PCI bus. Also, the parallel connections between the nodes are replaced by high-speed full-duplex serial links, allowing for a system of larger physical size with a more manageable wiring solution. These enhancements yield in an even lower latency while significantly boosting the throughput. It also allows the hardware to be used on non-PC platforms such as Sun, Apple, HP, and IBM workstations. A major change to accommodate the flexibility of MATE was the incorporation of an intelligent shared-memory hub, avoiding many of the latency issues introduced by switched packet network solutions. To further boost the performance, no microprocessors were used in the network system. Instead, the required intelligence was distributed throughout the system and implemented locally in logic. This allows for a highly parallel operation of the interconnect with an absolute minimum of overhead. The integration of the new interconnect system and the MATE solution scheme is now so tight that the network system itself became part of the solution algorithm. However, due to the highly modular design approach, and the extensive use of FPGA technology, the system can be modified at will. Very different solution schemes and enhancements such as hardware error control, digital and analog I/O, and other features can be implemented without electrical modifications, allowing the same physical hardware to be used in both a research and a production environment. The result is a economic, obsolescence proof, flexible, high-speed low-latency cluster interconnect system build around industry-standard components.
Buccal Fat Pad, an Oral Access Source of Human Adipose Stem Cells with Potential for Osteochondral Tissue Engineering: An <i>In Vitro</i> Study (2010)

Stem cells offer an interesting tool for tissue engineering, but the clinical applications are limited by donor-site morbidity and low cell number upon harvest. Recent studies have identified an abundant source of stem cells in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Adipose stem cells (ASCs) present in adipose tissue are able to differentiate to several lineages and express multiple growth factors, which makes them suitable for clinical application. Buccal fat pad (BFP), an adipose-encapsulated mass found in the oral cavity, could represent an easy access source for dentists and oral surgeons. The stromal vascular fraction obtained from fresh BFP-derived adipose tissue and passaged ASCs were analyzed to detect and quantify the percentage of ASCs in this tissue. Here we show that BFP contains a population of stem cells that share a similar phenotype with ASCs from abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue, and are also able to differentiate into the chondrogenic, adipogenic, and osteogenic lineage. These results define BFP as a new, rich, and accessible source of ASCs for tissue engineering purposes.
Inhibition of human and rabbit liver steroid and xenobiotic UDP-glucuronosyltransferases by tertiary amine drugs—implications for adverse drug reactions (1992)

1. To investigate the hypothesis that disruption of glucuronidation of endogenous compounds by drugs represents a potential mechanism for pathogenesis of adverse drug reactions, the effects of a range of tertiary amine and amide drugs (many with effects on sex hormone function) on steroid hormone and xenobiotic UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activities in human and rabbit liver microsomes were studied in vitro.2. Chlorpromazine, amitriptyline, imipramine, promethazine and cyproheptadine were consistently the most potent inhibitors of the glucuronidation of testosterone, androsterone, oestriol and 1-naphthol, the steroid activities being more susceptible to inhibition (up to 90%).3. Carbamazepine, diphenhydramine, sulphadimethoxine, dimenhydrinate and (±)-chlorpheniramine had little effect on the UDPGT activities measured.4. The structural features within this group of compounds required for inhibitory potency were the presence of a rigid trycyclic ring (e.g. phenothiazine) and either a dimethylaminopropyl or a methylpiperidine side-chain.5. The implications of these data for involvement of disruption of the normal cellular function of glucuronidation in the pathogenesis of frequently observed adverse side-effects associated with these compounds are discussed.
Advances in applications of radar micro-Doppler signatures (2014)

Micro-Doppler signatures have been widely applied in civilian and military uses, In the paper, an overview of recent advances in extractions and applications of radar micro-Doppler signatures is presented, including recognition of space, air, and ground targets, combined micro-Doppler with range-Doppler features, through-wall micro-Doppler signatures, multistatic micro-Doppler signatures, decomposition of micro-Doppler signatures, and detection and extraction of micro motions in human body, such as heart beats and respirations.
Impact of Oseltamivir Treatment on Influenza-Related Lower Respiratory Tract Complications and Hospitalizations (2003)

Oseltamivir treatment of influenza illness reduces LRTCs, antibiotic use, and hospitalization in both healthy and "at-risk" adults.
The MDM2 Inhibitor Nutlins as an Innovative Therapeutic Tool for the Treatment of Haematological Malignancies (2008)

At variance to solid tumors, which show percentage of p53 deletions and/or mutations close to 50%, more than 80% of haematological malignancies express wild-type p53 at diagnosis. Therefore, activation of the p53 pathway by antagonizing its negative regulator murine double minute 2 (MDM2) might offer a new therapeutic strategy for the great majority of haematological malignancies. Recently, potent and selective small-molecule MDM2 inhibitors, the Nutlins, have been identified. Studies with these compounds have strengthened the concept that selective, non-genotoxic p53 activation might represent an alternative to the current cytotoxic chemotherapy. Interestingly, Nutlins not only are able to induce apoptotic cell death when added to primary leukemic cell cultures, but also show a synergistic effect when used in combination with the chemotherapeutic drugs commonly used for the treatment of haematological malignancies. Of interest, Nutlins also display non-cell autonomous biological activities, such as inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor, stromal derived factor-1/CXCL12 and osteprotegerin expression and/or release by primary fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Moreover, Nutlins have a direct anti-angiogenic and anti-osteoclastic activity. Thus, Nutlins might have therapeutic effects by two distinct mechanisms: a direct cytotoxic effect on leukemic cells and an indirect non-cell autonomous effect on tumor stromal and vascular cells, and this latter effect might be therapeutically relevant also for treatment of haematological malignancies carrying p53 mutations.