gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pluronic block copolymers and Pluronic poly(acrylic acid) microgels in oral delivery of megestrol acetate (2004)

Several Pluronic-based formulations were studied in-vitro and in a rat model with respect to the release and bioavailability of megestrol acetate (MA) after oral administration. It was demonstrated that an aqueous, micellar formulation comprising a mixture of a hydrophobic (L61) and a hydrophilic (F127) Pluronic copolymer, significantly enhanced the bioavailability of MA administered orally at relatively low doses (1-7 mg kg(-1)). Pluronic-based microgels (spherical gel particles of sub-millimetre size) were introduced as MA vehicles. The microgels comprised a cross-linked network of poly(acrylic acid) onto which the Pluronic chains were covalently attached. Microgels of Pluronic L92 and poly(acrylic acid) fabricated into tablet dosage forms exhibited dramatically lowered MA initial burst release. The MA release was pH-dependent owing to the pH sensitivity of the microgel swelling, with the drug retained by the microgel at pH 1.8 and released slowly at pH 6.8. In the rat model, a significant increase in MA bioavailability was observed when the microgel-formulated MA was administered orally at a high dose of 10 mg kg(-1), owing to the enhanced retention of the microgel. The study of the microgel passage through the gastrointestinal tract demonstrated the microgel retention characteristic of a very high molecular weight polymer and the absence of any systemic absorption of the polymer.
Effect of diltiazem on skeletal muscle 3-O-methylglucose transport in bacteremic rats (1989)

This study examined whether alterations in cellular Ca2+ regulation contribute to previously observed changes in skeletal muscle sugar transport during bacteremia. Fasted male rats received saline (control) or bacteria (4 X 10(10) Escherichia coli/kg) intraperitoneally. Twelve hours later, basal and insulin-mediated 3-O-methylglucose (3MG) transport was measured in isolated soleus muscles. Measurements of 3MG transport in the presence of cytochalasin b or at a low temperature (0.5 degree C) indicated that altered sugar transport in bacteremic rat muscles was not due to nonspecific membrane permeability changes. To determine the role of Ca2+ in the pathogenesis of altered sugar transport during bacteremia, rats were treated with the Ca2+ antagonist diltiazem (DZ, 0.6-2.4 mg/kg) at various times (0, 0 + 7.5, 10 h) after saline or bacterial injection. In bacteremic rats given 2.4 mg/kg DZ at 10 h, basal and insulin-mediated transport were similar to control values. This dose of DZ had little effect on control muscles. The addition of 20 microM DZ to the incubation media did not affect basal or insulin-mediated 3MG transport in bacteremic rat muscles. Addition of the Ca2+ agonist BAY K 8644 to the incubation media had no effect on sugar transport in bacteremic rat muscles but caused alterations in control rat muscles that were comparable to those observed in bacteremia. These results suggest that alterations in Ca2+ regulation could contribute to the previously observed changes in sugar transport in skeletal muscles from bacteremic rats.
Solubilization of Multilamellar Liposomes in the Presence of Non-ionized Drug (1993)

The solubilization of multilamellar liposomes by metoprolol tartrate (MPL) has been studied as a function of pH, [MPL], [dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC)], temperature and lipid composition. The solubilization of liposomes at 37 degrees C by 7.3 nM MPL occurred at different rates at different pH values. MPL completely solubilized by 7.2 mM DMPC liposomes after about 17 h at pH 12, but only a partial solubilization occurred at pH 10 and 11. Between pH 7 and 9 no change in turbidity was observed after 1 week. Addition of cholesterol (CHOL) to DMPC (2:1 mol) had very little effect on solubilization after 24 h, however with DMPC:CHOL (5:1 mol) the decrease in turbidity was observed after 24 h, even though solubilization was much less compared with that of DMPC alone. The rate of solubilization was decreased when dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes were employed. Addition of dicetylphosphate (DCP) to DMPC liposomes reduced the rate of solubilization significantly. The solubilization of liposomes by 7.3 mM MPL as a function of [DMPC], indicated that the lower the liposome concentration the greater the effect on solubilization. It is concluded that MPL in the non-ionized form has a solubilizing effect on liposomes, and addition of CHOL or DCP to DMPC has a stabilizing effect against solubilization.
Lipidomics Perspective: From Molecular Lipidomics to Validated Clinical Diagnostics (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Hierarchical Categorization of the Analytical Lipid Outputs The Type of Lipid Information Delivers Different Biological Knowledge Untying New Biological Evidences through Molecular Lipidomic Applications Molecular Lipidomics Approaches Clinical Diagnostics Current Roadblocks in Lipidomics Conclusions References
Dipeptides as Microporous Materials (2004)

Robust porous frameworks are formed by the dipeptides L-Ala-L-Val (see structure) and L-Val-L-Ala that have a high capacity and selectivity for gas sorption. The dipeptides assemble through hydrogen bonds as a 61 helix to form channels with average diameters of 5.13 and 4.90 Å, respectively.
A semantic Web based scientific news aggregator (2011)

Scientists want to stay connected with everything that is new in scientific world, so they constantly read several online scientific magazines and newspapers. However, not all the subjects are of interest to everyone. Consequently, a user is forced to do a lot of browsing to find the articles which are important to him. This paper presents a scientific news aggregator, structured as an online magazine. The content is automatically withdrawn from several online publications, available on the Internet. Instead of using a traditional database, all the information about the items posted on the site is stored in a RDF file, which is automatically updated.
[Cystic renal cell carcinoma: report of four cases]. (1997)

We report 4 cases of cystic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), one of simple cystic type (case 2) and three of multilocular cystic type (case 1, 3 and 4). All cases were diagnosed preoperatively as malignant neoplasms on the basis of radiological examinations, including CT scan and angiography. Pathological examination revealed that intrinsic cystic growth was the probable cause in the three cases of multilocular cystic RCC, while the simple cystic case was probably caused by secondary cyst formation as a result of tumor necrosis. Radical nephrectomy was performed in cases 1, 2 and 4 and partial nephrectomy in case 3. We recommend nephron-sparing surgery as an option in the management of select cystic RCC, given that many cystic RCCs are low grade and enveloped by distinct pseudocapsules with fibrous tissues.
Design of Robust-Fault-Tolerant Parallel Arithmetic Circuits (1992)

The robust-fault-tolerance is a property that a computational result becomes nearly equal to the correct one at the occurrence of a fault on the input and output of any gates. In this paper, a robust-faulttolerant parallel adder and a multiplier are proposed for highly safe digital system. Special numerical representation called distributed coding is introduced to satisfy robust-fault-tolerance, in which a numerical value is expressed by the number of 1's. The intermediate results of the arithmetic circuits is almost equal to the total number of 1's in the input data. This property makes linearly additive effect with small weight to the final result in the occurrence of both temporary and permanent faults.
Characterization of ultrasound-mediated cellular effects (2002)

Ultrasound can temporarily make cells and tissue more permeable, an effect that could be used for enhanced and targeted drug delivery. Increased permeability is believed to involve creation of transient disruptions in cell membranes. This study seeks to characterize these disruptions and the mechanisms by which they are created, reseal and permit intracellular transport. To achieve this, DU145 prostate cancer cells were exposed to 24 kHz ultrasound with 0.1 s pulse length and 10% duty cycle for 2 s total exposure at pressures from 0.36 to 0.89 MPa. Disruptions were estimated to be at least 50 nm in diameter with lifetimes of 1–2 min using a range of fluorescent molecules with known molecular radii studied using flow cytometry. Cell morphological effects were examined using scanning electron, transmission electron, and laser scanning confocal microscopies after rapid fixation (within seconds after exposure). Images indicate that cell death from ultrasound exposure occurs due to a combination of apoptosis, necrosis and mechanical fragmentation and uptake may occur through physical disruptions in cell membrane structure. Using red blood cell ghosts and ATP-depleted prostate cancer cells, it was found that molecular uptake into viable cells requires active cellular processes which infers that cell recovery is an energy-dependent process.
Immunolocalization of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Types 1 and 2 in Rat Uterus: Variation Across the Estrous Cycle and Regulation by Estrogen and Progesterone<sup>1</sup> (1998)

Glucocorticoid hormone action in several target tissues is dependent not only on the expression of the glucocorticoid receptor, but also on that of the 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11betaHSD) enzymes, 11betaHSD-1 and -2. In the uterus, glucocorticoids can exert inhibitory effects on a range of important functions, particularly in relation to the effects of estrogen. Therefore, the present study examined immunolocalization of the two 11betaHSD enzymes in the rat uterus at each stage of the estrous cycle and after ovariectomy with or without estrogen/progesterone replacement. In cycling rats 11betaHSD-1 was localized to luminal and glandular epithelial cells and to eosinophils in both the endometrial stroma and myometrium. In contrast, 11betaHSD-2 immunostaining was localized to endometrial stromal cells and myometrial cells, with no staining evident in epithelial cells or eosinophils. Immunostaining for both enzymes was cycle dependent, being maximal at proestrus and minimal at diestrus. Western blot analysis of whole uterus at proestrus showed the presence of 34- and 40-kDa immunoreactive species for 11betaHSD-1 and -2, respectively. These immunoreactive signals were almost abolished by ovariectomy, but this effect was reversed for both enzymes by estrogen replacement with or without progesterone. These effects of ovariectomy and steroid replacement were confirmed by immunocytochemical analysis, with the exception that progesterone appeared to enhance the stimulatory effects of estrogen on 11betaHSD-2 specifically within the endometrial stroma. In conclusion, these results establish the presence of both 11betaHSD-1 and -2 in the nonpregnant rat uterus and show distinct distributions for the two enzymes and cyclic variation related to positive regulation by ovarian steroids. The physiological implications of these patterns of 11betaHSD expression will ultimately depend on the reaction direction for each enzyme, but 11betaHSD-2 is likely to limit disruptive effects of glucocorticoids on the endometrial stroma, and 11betaHSD-1 may then serve to selectively reactivate glucocorticoids in epithelial cells.
Semiautomatic segmentation of textured laser range scans for use in image-guided procedures (2005)

Laser range scanners produce high resolution surface data of anatomic structures, which facilitates the determination of intraoperative soft tissue deformation and the performance of surface based image-to-physical space registration. Segmentation of the range scans is required for the data to be effectively incorporated into current image-guided procedures. Due to time constraints in the operating room, manual segmentation methods are not feasible. We propose a novel segmentation algorithm based on the level set method that uses information from the texture map and curvature of the acquired point cloud to provide an accurate edge map for computation of the speed image. Specifically, the edge image is created by combining the curvature values, computed from a surface fitted to the acquired point cloud using radial basis functions, and gradients of the RGB intensities in the texture map. Preliminary results, obtained from comparing the semiautomatic segmentations of intraoperatively acquire liver LRS data with manual gold standard segmentations, shows the method to be a significant first step towards the implementation of semiautomatic LRS segmentation routine during image-guided surgery.
Enhanced fluorescence of labeled proteins coated on silver nanoparticles (2005)

We have recently shown that metallic particles or colloids when deposited on the transparent surface can enhance fluorescence properties of nearby fluorophores. We obtained the fluorophore-metal colloid complexes that display significant fluorescence signal enhancement in solution. Silver nanoparticles (about 20-50 nm size) were synthesized as a stable yellow colloidal solution, and coated with proteins labeled with fluorophores. A several-fold amplification of the fluorescence signal in presence of colloid Ag nanoparticles in solution was observed. Such fluorophore-metal complex presents a unique opportunity for developing of new class of contrast agents for optical imaging and fluorescence based sensing. Solution of silver nanoparticles with enhanced fluorescence can be used in various assays such as DNA hybridization or immunoassays for high sensitivity detection.
Estimation of sea surface spectrum under non-stationary conditions (2004)

One of the goals of ESA's SMOS mission is the measurement of global sea surface salinity maps using MIRAS, a synthetic aperture interferometric L-band radiometer with full-polarimetric capabilities. To do so, sea state effects on the brightness temperature must be compensated, but coincident measurements of wind speed and/or significant wave height are uncommon. The objective of this work is to estimate the sea surface spectrum at a given time and location from the previous temporal and spatial evolution of the wind conditions. To do so, a neural network has been trained to estimate the spectrum parameters (height variance <h/sup 2/>, spectral deviation /spl sigma//sub x,y/ and spectral peak of swell k/sub xm,ym/, wind velocity V/sub 10/') from the measured spectra. Different measured spectra have then been used to validate the network design. Finally, the error in the L-band brightness temperature computed from the actual and the estimated spectra is studied.
Initial Steroid Sensitivity in Children with Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome Predicts Post-Transplant Recurrence (2014)

Of children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, 10%-20% fail to respond to steroids or develop secondary steroid resistance (termed initial steroid sensitivity) and the majority progress to transplantation. Although 30%-50% of these patients suffer disease recurrence after transplantation, with poor long-term outcome, no reliable indicator of recurrence has yet been identified. Notably, the incidence of recurrence after transplantation appears reduced in patients with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) due to monogenic disorders. We reviewed 150 transplanted patients with SRNS to identify biomarkers that consistently predict outcome of SRNS after transplantation. In all, 25 children had genetic or familial SRNS and did not experience post-transplant recurrence. We reviewed phenotypic factors, including initial steroid sensitivity, donor type, age, ethnicity, time to ESRD, and time on dialysis, in the remaining 125 children. Of these patients, 57 (45.6%) developed post-transplant recurrence; 26 of 28 (92.9%) patients with initial steroid sensitivity recurred after transplantation, whereas only 26 of 86 (30.2%) patients resistant from the outset recurred (odds ratio, 30; 95% confidence interval, 6.62 to 135.86; P<0.001). We were unable to determine recurrence in two patients (one with initial steroid sensitivity), and nine patients did not receive initial steroids. Our data show that initial steroid sensitivity is highly predictive of post-transplant disease recurrence in this pediatric patient population. Because a pathogenic circulating permeability factor in nephrotic syndrome remains to be confirmed, we propose initial steroid sensitivity as a surrogate marker for post-transplant recurrence.
Synthesis and characterization of a novel isosorbide and biphenyl derived mesogenic monomer (2011)

This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of a novel mesogenic monomer derived from isosorbide and biphenyl materials. This material exhibits smectic mesophases at high temperatures and shows a high thermal stability. These characteristics make this monomer an ideal candidate for polymerization to form high performance mesogenic polymers and potential applications as a biocompatible polymer due to its sugar based building block.
An improved MLC segmentation algorithm and software for step‐and‐shoot IMRT delivery without tongue‐and‐groove error (2006)

We present an improved multileaf collimator (MLC) segmentation algorithm, denoted by SLS(NOTG) (static leaf sequencing with no tongue-and-groove error), for step-and-shoot intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) delivery. SLS(NOTG) is an improvement over the MLC segmentation algorithm called SLS that was developed by Luan et al. [Med. Phys. 31(4), 695-707 (2004)], which did not consider tongue-and-groove error corrections. The aims of SLS(NOTG) are (1) shortening the treatment times of IMRT plans by minimizing their numbers of segments and (2) minimizing the tongue-and-groove errors of the computed IMRT plans. The input to SLS(NOTG) is intensity maps (IMs) produced by current planning systems, and its output is (modified) optimized leaf sequences without tongue-and-groove error. Like the previous SLS algorithm [Luan et al., Med. Phys. 31(4), 695-707 (2004)], SLS(NOTG) is also based on graph algorithmic techniques in computer science. It models the MLC segmentation problem as a weighted minimum-cost path problem, where the weight of the path is the number of segments and the cost of the path is the amount of tongue-and-groove error. Our comparisons of SLS(NOTG) with CORVUS indicated that for the same intensity maps, the numbers of segments computed by SLS(NOTG) are up to 50% less than those by CORVUS 5.0 on the Elekta LINAC system. Our clinical verifications have shown that the dose distributions of the SLS(NOTG) plans do not have tongue-and-groove error and match those of the corresponding CORVUS plans, thus confirming the correctness of SLS(NOTG). Comparing with existing segmentation methods, SLS(NOTG) also has two additional advantages: (1) SLS(NOTG) can compute leaf sequences whose tongue-and-groove error is minimized subject to a constraint on the maximum allowed number of segments, which may be desirable in clinical situations where a treatment with the complete correction of tongue-and-groove error takes too much time, and (2) SLS(NOTG) can be used to minimize a more general type of error called the tongue-or-groove error.
A Mathematical Theory of Network Interference and Its Applications (2009)

In this paper, we introduce a mathematical framework for the characterization of network interference in wireless systems. We consider a network in which the interferers are scattered according to a spatial Poisson process and are operating asynchronously in a wireless environment subject to path loss, shadowing, and multipath fading. We start by determining the statistical distribution of the aggregate network interference. We then investigate four applications of the proposed model: 1) interference in cognitive radio networks; 2) interference in wireless packet networks; 3) spectrum of the aggregate radio-frequency emission of wireless networks; and 4) coexistence between ultrawideband and narrowband systems. Our framework accounts for all the essential physical parameters that affect network interference, such as the wireless propagation effects, the transmission technology, the spatial density of interferers, and the transmitted power of the interferers.
Operative Treatment of Unstable Pediatric Pelvis and Acetabular Fractures (2005)

The management of unstable pediatric pelvic and acetabular fractures continues to be controversial. Recent reports have suggested that closed management of unstable pelvic and acetabular fractures can result in significant long-term morbidity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of operative stabilization of unstable pelvic and acetabular fractures in children and adolescents. Eighteen patients less than 16 years of age with unstable pelvic and acetabular fractures were treated operatively over a 7-year period. Fracture healing, time to union, complications, and functional outcome were assessed. All fractures healed by 10 weeks. No patients suffered wound complications, infection, or growth arrest at an average follow-up of 30 months. These results support operative fixation of unstable pediatric pelvic and acetabular fractures to restore pelvic symmetry and periarticular anatomy. Favorable clinical results can be achieved with a low incidence of complications.
Evaluation of anti-hemagglutinin Hn-33 single domain antibodies: kinetics, binding epitopes, and thermal stability (2011)

Botulinum Neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) is produced by Clostridium botulinum as a complex with Neurotoxin-Associated Proteins (NAPs) which protect the toxin from proteases and promote adsorption in the gut. Hemagglutinin 33 (Hn-33) makes up the largest fraction of NAPs in the BoNT/A complex. We characterised single domain antibodies (sdAb) which bind Hn-33; the dissociation constant (Kd) varied from 3.8 × 10−9 M to 1.3 × 10−10 M. Sandwich assays showed that the six sdAb bind two distinct epitopes on Hn-33. Circular dichroism was used to monitor sdAb's secondary structure, thermal denaturing upon heating and rapid refolding upon cooling.
Mitigation of starch-induced postprandial glycemic spikes in rats by antioxidants-rich extract of Cicer arietinum Linn. seeds and sprouts (2013)

Sprouting leads dynamic changes in free radicals scavenging potentials and antioxidant activities in grains. Consumption of seeds as well as BGs before the starch-rich meal can significantly mitigate 1(st) 30 min postprandial glycemic excursion and reduce 2 h postprandial glycemic burden.
Dissociation of p34cdc2 complex formation from phosphorylation and histone H1 kinase activity. (1995)

The cell cycle inhibitor mimosine was used to examine the activation of the p34cdc2 protein kinase in S phase of the cell cycle. Addition of mimosine to cycling epithelial cells halted cell cycle traverse in S phase, coincident with an inhibition of p34cdc2 histone H1 kinase activity. Mimosine treatment did not alter p34cdc2 synthesis or turnover; however, overall phosphorylation of p34cdc2 was decreased to near undetectable levels. Although activity of p34cdc2 was inhibited, the ability of the protein to form high molecular weight complexes, a phenomenon associated with kinase activation in vivo, was not affected. These results indicate that p34cdc2 complex formation can occur in the absence of phosphorylation and that phosphorylation of p34cdc2 is then required to activate these preformed complexes.
Boulder Conference on Molecular Quantum Mechanics (1960)

In this country there have been conferences on molecular quantum mechanics in 1951 on Shelter Island, New York, and at Austin, Texas, in 1955. The 1959 conference was held, with the support of the National Science Foundation, from June 21 to June 27 on the campus of the University of Colorado at Boulder. About one hundred molecular scientists from a dozen nations congregated there in order to review the advances which have been made in their field during the past four years.