gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Review on the Modelling of Piezoelectric Sensors and Actuators Incorporated in Intelligent Structures (1998)

The main objective of this article is to present an overview of the modelling that has been proposed by various workers in the field of smart or intelligent structures. Before the main discussion on the various models, some background information will be presented in relation to intelligent structures and the types of adaptive materials that are available. Although there are several categories of materials that can be implemented in intelligent structures, this article will focus on models that use piezoelectric materials as sensors and/or actuators (S/A). The modelling of the intelligent structures can be categorised in terms of the structural configuration (e.g., rod composites, fibre composites, monolithic structures, etc.) and also according to the type of modelling whether by finite element modelling or by analytical exact solutions. Models in this field of work had incorporated concepts from different background including three-dimensional linear elastic theory and dielectric theory to give rise to the linear piezoelectric model. Rules of Mixture and methods for calculating effective properties of fibre composites were extended to include piezoelectric fibre composite models. Classical Laminated Plate Theory was also adopted in laminated composite models where some laminae were piezoelectric materials. Exact solutions were applied to simple models and illustrated the potential of using piezoelectrics. Finite element techniques were used for more complicated problems that included complex geometries, nonlinear behaviour and dynamic control of the structure. The difference between induced strain and actuation strain is usually not addressed when using FE techniques, instead the piezoelectric strain can be regarded as an equivalent external force/moment or incorporated into the strain energy. In regard to control algorithms, the most common form applied by investigators in this field seems to be the negative velocity feedback control with single input and single output and some included linear quadratic control. More advanced control algorithms such as using multiple input and multiple output or even neural networks are less established.
Homeopathy in acute otitis media in children: treatment effect or spontaneous resolution? (2001)

The conventional antibiotic treatment of acute otitis media (AOM) faces a number of problems, including antibiotic resistance. Homeopathy has been shown to be capable of treating AOM successfully. As AOM has a high rate of spontaneous resolution, a trial to prove any treatment-effect has to demonstrate very fast resolution of symptoms. The purpose of this study was to find out how many children with AOM are relieved of pain within 12 h after the beginning of homeopathic treatment, making additional measures unnecessary. Two hundred and thirty children with AOM received a first individualized homeopathic medicine in the paediatric office. If pain-reduction was not sufficient after 6 h, a second (different) homeopathic medicine was given. After a further 6 h, children who had not reached pain control were started on antibiotics. Pain control was achieved in 39% of the patients after 6 h, another 33% after 12 h. This resolution rate is 2.4 times faster than in placebo controls. There were no complications observed in the study group, and compared to conventional treatment the approach was 14% cheaper.
1~1 The Chemistry and Pharmacology of lndole-3-carbinol (indole-3-methanol) and 3-(Methoxymethyl)indole. [Part 11]1 (1998)

lndole-3-carbinol (13C) (2) is produced endogenously from naturally occurring glucosinolates contained in a wide variety of plant food substances including members of the family Cruciferae, and particularly members of the genus Brassica, whenever they are crushed or cooked. The acid environment of the gut very facilely converts it into a range of polyaromatic indolic compounds, e.g. (3,4,5), which appear to be responsible for many of the physiological effects observed following the ingestion of these foods. These so-called chemopreventive compounds are important because of their enzyme induction and suppression, mutagenic, carcinogenic and, particularly, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties against a variety of classes of carcinogens. These properties as well as other miscellaneous properties of these substances are critically reviewed in detail in this paper of >170 references, the second of two parts. At the present time it appears that 13C and its congeners have considerable potential as natural prophylactic anticancer agents against certain common neoplasms, especially inasmuch modern diets are increasingly deficient in these vegetable-derived substances. A short general assessment of the substantial potential of the title compounds concludes the review.
A simplified procedure for synthesis of di-[14C]acyl-labeled lecithins. (1975)

A simplified procedure for synthesis of 1,2-di-[1'-14C]oleoyl-, 1,2-di-[1'-14C]linoleoyl-, and 1,2-di-[1'-14C]eicosatrienoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine is described. The method involves acylation of the CdCl2 complex of glycerophosphorylcholine with a 14C-labeled fatty acid in the presence of trifluoracetic anhydride and pyridine. The 14C-labeled lecithin is isolated in pure form by preparative thin-layer chromatography and alumina column chromatography in an overall yield of 12-24%. No isomerization or peroxidation of the unsaturated acids was detected.
Psychotherapy and Guided Affective Imagery in a Patient with Cutaneous Sarcoidosis of the Face (2000)

During the last decades there has been a great progress in understanding psychodynamic aspects of dermatological diseases and in the development of psychological programs for coping with chronic dermatosis and for better quality of life. Nevertheless, we can find new ‘clues’ when we are allowed to take part in the unconscious fantasies of patients concerning their illness: the Guided Affective Imagery (Symbol Drama) as a special method during analytically oriented psychotherapy gives us a possibility by working with new motifs like ‘Trip under or on the skin’ or ‘Protecting cover’ to follow patients’ understanding of skin-related conflicts and problems, as well as the possibilities open to patients to positively influence their cutaneous disease. A case is presented of a 30-year-old woman with cutaneous sarcoidosis of the right cheek. During a 40-hour psychotherapy with Guided Affective Imagery combined with group psychotherapy, her coping with disease improved impressively and she found for herself an individual imagination to influence the lesion. This special experience is compared to other patients’ imageries concerning the same motif. It is part of an integrative concept for regulation of a damaged self working with scenes of symbolic character. The new motifs are combined with classical ones known as ‘house’, ‘brook’ and those concerning the idea of one’s own self. As a further result of therapy the patient became able to decide on a most effective pharmacological treatment with low-dose methotrexate.
Rates of Reaction of Dissolved Oxygen With Scavengers in Sweet and Sour Brines (1969)

Rates of reaction of dissolved oxygen with H2S were measured in a laboratory apparatus using a polarographic type instrument for the measurement of oxygen concentrations. Results show that oxidation occurs only at high pH in the absence of catalytic species. The reaction is catalyzed by transition metal ions in the order Ni++&gt;Co++&gt;Mn++&gt;Cu++&gt;Fe++. In all cases, the reaction rate increases with pH and is at first complex but becomes zero-order with respect to oxygen after a brief induction period. Some natural waters contain sufficient catalysts that additional amounts are not required for scavenging O2 with SO2 or Na2SO3. Sour waters cannot be scavenged with SO2 or Na2SO3 because of ineffectiveness of catalysts.
Cover Image (2018)

The cover image, is based on the Research Article Intrinsically disordered protein-specific force field CHARMM36IDPSFF, by Hao Liu et al., DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13342.
Analysis-based facial expression synthesis (2002)

We describe an approach to synthesizing human expressions based on 3D face model and the facial motion parameters obtained by tracking the model vertices in real expression sequences. The synthetic sequences of different expressions can be generated by deforming the face model using these motion parameters. This method can be used to effectively compress video sequences where the human faces are dominant, such as video phones and teleconferences.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Blind Beamforming Schemes in SC-FDMA Systems With Insufficient Cyclic Prefix and Carrier Frequency Offset (2009)

In cyclic prefix (CP)-based transmission systems, if the time duration of the cyclic extension is shorter than the channel impulse response duration, system performance is degraded due to the introduction of intersymbol interference (ISI) and intercarrier interference (ICI). In this paper, we propose a blind beamforming algorithm for single-carrier frequency-division multiple-access (SC-FDMA) systems under insufficient CP sceIn cyclic prefix (CP)-based transmission systems, if the time duration of the cyclic extension is shorter than the channel impulse response duration, system performance is degraded due to the introduction of intersymbol interference (ISI) and intercarrier interference (ICI). In this paper, we propose a blind beamforming algorithm for single-carrier frequency-division multiple-access (SC-FDMA) systems under insufficient CP scenarios. In addition, we also consider the effects of carrier frequency offsets (CFOs) in the processing schemes. The simulation results are presented by employing an SC-FDMA uplink signal model to illustrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithms.narios. In addition, we also consider the effects of carrier frequency offsets (CFOs) in the processing schemes. The simulation results are presented by employing an SC-FDMA uplink signal model to illustrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithms.
A Double-Blind, Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Cytisine for Smoking Cessation in Medium-Dependent Workers (2008)

Abstract Among many studies on cytisine only a few have been controlled trials, and the aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of cytisine in a randomized controlled double-blind trial compared to placebo in medium-dependent smoking men working in mining industry. Materials and methods: 171 middle-aged smokers were randomised to either cytisine (25-days regimen) or placebo; both groups received individual counseling with brochure. Self-reported continuous abstinence was assessed at 8 and 26 weeks. Results: At the end of week 8 there were no differences in number of abstinent subjects, but at 26 weeks 10.6% of subjects were abstinent in cytisine group compared to 1.2% in placebo ( p = .01). In both groups, we did not find any weight increase, but quality of life improved in both groups, and physical and social functioning improved in cytisine group. Conclusions: Cytisine may be an effective medication to help smokers quit even for those working in difficult working conditions with high relapse rate.
High-Efficiency Transformation of <i>Rhizobium leguminosarum</i> by Electroporation (1999)

ABSTRACT Electrotransformation of Rhizobium leguminosarum was successfully carried out with a 15.1-kb plasmid, pMP154 (Cm r ), containing a nodABC-lacZ fusion by electroporation. The maximum transformation efficiency, 10 8 transformants/μg of DNA, was achieved at a field strength of 14 kV/cm with a pulse of 7.3 ms (186 Ω). The number of transformants was found to increase with increasing cell density, with no sign of saturation. In relation to DNA dosage, the maximum transformation efficiency (5.8 × 10 8 transformants/μg of DNA) was obtained with 0.5 μg of DNA/ml of cell suspension, and a further increase in the DNA concentration resulted in a decline in transformation efficiency.
THE PREVALENCE OF PRE‐ECLAMPSIA AND OBSTETRIC OUTCOME IN PREGNANCIES OF NORMOTENSIVE AND HYPERTENSIVE WOMEN ATTENDING A HOSPITAL SPECIALIST CLINIC (2001)

To study the prevalence of pre-eclampsia (PE) and other obstetric outcomes (growth restriction and fetal mortality) in pregnancies of normotensive and hypertensive women attending an antenatal hypertension clinic, we studied a cohort of 372 pregnancies from 267 women. The prevalence of PE in the groups of pregnancies of normotensive and chronic hypertensive women was 11.9% (19/159 cases) and 16.0% (34/213 cases) respectively (chi 2 = 1.2, p = 0.27). There were no significant differences in respect of ethnicity, being primi- or multigravida and smoking status or age. Treatment with antihypertensive drugs during pregnancy did not decrease the prevalence of PE. In pregnancies with hypertensive complications (with or without PE) there was a trend towards higher rates of pre-term delivery (< 37 weeks), caesarean section, small for gestational age babies, stillbirth and lower baby birth weight and ponderal index values. Pregnancies in women with uncomplicated hypertension had an increased risk for emergency caesarean section, pre-term delivery (< 37 weeks), birth weight < 2500 g and stillbirth (relative risks [with confidence intervals] 2.5 [1.9-3.2], 2.3 [1.8-2.9], 3.1 [2.5-3.7] and 5.5 [2.6-11.9] respectively) compared with the general hospital obstetric population. After classification according to the type of hypertensive syndrome, a progressively higher risk for fetal growth restriction and adverse perinatal outcome was shown in the hypertensive and pre-eclamptic groups. In chronic hypertension, this was irrespective of superimposed pre-eclampsia or antihypertensive therapy. The high prevalence of PE in chronic hypertensive women (16.0%) was not statistically significant to that of normotensive women (11.9%), reflecting the referral selection of 'high risk' normotensive women to our clinic.
From targets to genes: a brief history of radiosensitivity (1996)

The biological work of Douglas Lea spanned the period from 1934 to his early death in 1947, and during this short period he made important contributions to the theory of radiation action. He interpreted experimental data relating to the effects of radiation on viruses, bacteria, bean roots, etc in terms of the inactivation of discrete targets, which he identified with cellular genes. He thus laid the foundation of much subsequent research. It is now well recognized that mammalian cells differ substantially in radiosensitivity, especially in the low-dose region of the survival curve. The dependence of radiosensitivity on dose rate has been widely studied; this has practical significance for clinical radiotherapy as well as mechanistic implications. Since Lea's time there have been a number of efforts to describe models that can relate cell killing to radiation dose, dose rate, and track structure. So far these have not led to a comprehensive and widely accepted picture. Microdosimetric considerations lead to the concept of differing severity of lesions induced in DNA. Much is known about the sequence of processes that subsequently lead to cell inactivation: this can be divided into phases of induction, processing, and manifestation. Chromosomal events are currently attracting much attention, as they did in Lea's time. Considerable progress has also been made in identifying genes that control the repair of radiation damage. It has been found that mutation is frequently associated with the loss of a large segment of the genome around the damage site and this will have important implications for interactive processes between particle tracks.
Good-Bye, Dr. Wombat! (1984)

Wombat Manor had always had an air of distinction that set it apart from any other house, but now in the dying afternoon sunshine, even after a surprise Southern California September thunderstorm, its windows blankly reflected the light of the declining daystar and seemed to have lost their whilom sparkle.
High molecular weight plasma proteins induce apoptosis and Fas/FasL expression in human proximal tubular cells (2004)

Increased apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation are the major mechanisms of cell death in human PTECs in response to protein overload. These effects may be mediated at least in part by overexpression of the Fas/FasL system. The severity of such changes is largely determined by the high molecular weight fraction (100-440 kDa) rather than the albumin-rich fraction.
Solid-state photodetection: A comparison between photodiodes and photoconductors (1964)

PIN photodiodes and bulk photoconductors used as direct demodulators and as heterodyne mixers of coherent optical radiation are analyzed by taking the Fourier transform of the impulse current response produced by a single photoexcitation. This method allows the presentation of the fundamental physical processes in a manner which emphasizes the similarities rather than the differences between these two photodetectors. At microwave frequencies, the available power from the two devices is shown to have the same dependence upon frequency, and optical and circuit parameters. Further similarities are revealed by the noise analysis; in each case the limiting mechanisms are generation-recombination and thermal noise. The noise performance of the photodiode is found to be superior to that of the photoconductor at low light intensities. At high light levels, the noise performance of both devices is similar. The physical embodiment of these devices is such that the photodiode is generally a superior low-level detector (i.e., at light levels in the milliwatt range), whereas the photoconductor gives comparable or better results at high light levels (i.e., in the watt range). It is found, however, that the product of the bandwidth and fraction of the available power reaching the load is limited in the case of the photodiode because of the finite junction capacitance, but is essentially unbounded for the bulk photoconductor.
The Role of Impulse on the Initiation of Particle Movement Under Turbulent Flow Conditions (2008)

Fundamental to our understanding of erosional and transport phenomena in earth-surface dynamics and engineering is knowledge of the conditions under which sediment motion will begin when subjected to turbulent flow. The onset criterion currently in use emphasizes the time-averaged boundary shear stress and therefore is incapable of accounting for the fluctuating forces encountered in turbulent flows. We have validated through laboratory experiments and analytical formulation of the problem a criterion based upon the impulse imparted to a sediment grain. We demonstrate that in addition to the magnitude of the instantaneous turbulent forces applied on a sediment grain, the duration of these turbulent forces is also important in determining the sediment grain's threshold of motion, and that their product, or impulse, is better suited for specifying such conditions.
Laser consolidation of Ti-6Al-4V alloy for the manufacturing of net-shape functional components (2002)

Laser consolidation is an emerging novel computer-aided manufacturing process that produces net-shape functional parts layer by layer directly from a CAD model by using a laser beam to melt the injected powder and re-solidifying it on the previous pass. As an alternative to the conventional machining process, this novel manufacturing process builds complete net-shape functional parts or features on an existing part by adding instead of removing material. Ti-6Al-4V alloy is widely used in the aerospace, medical and other industries. In this work, functional properties of laser consolidated Ti-6Al-4V have been investigated. The laser consolidated Ti-6Al-4V material is metallurgically sound and free of cracks and porosity. The components built by the laser consolidated Ti-6Al-4V show good surface finish and dimensional accuracy. The mechanical properties of laser-consolidated Ti-6Al-4V samples are evaluated. The microstructure is analyzed in details using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Composition of the laser-consolidated Ti-6Al-4V material is also analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).
Severe aplastic anemia associated with hepatitis and complicated by pulmonary aspergillosis: response to immune suppression and antifungal therapy. (2002)

The true etiology of severe aplastic anemia is unknown; however, autoimmune activation of T-lymphocytes is one of the potential causes. Stem cell transplantation is regarded as a first line therapy if a fully matched sibling is available. Immunosuppressive therapy is reserved for those who have no matched sibling available for transplant, or for those individuals who fall outside the age range eligible for stem cell transplantation. This case describes a child with a hepatitis-associated severe aplastic anemia for whom a fully matched sibling was available but a transplant was postponed due to active hepatitis. While awaiting bone marrow transplantation, the child acquired a life-threatening aspergillosis infection treated with amphotericin B, granulocyte infusions, and surgical resection of the involved lung. A decision was made to proceed with immunosuppressive therapy while waiting for successful treatment of the fungal infection. Following administration of equine anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG), high dose granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), cyclosporine, and steroids, the child had partial hematopoietic reconstitution and is now followed in our clinic. This case demonstrates the extraordinary multidisciplinary care required during the early phases of treating severe aplastic anemia. With such care, recovery is a possibility.
Analytical Simulations of Optimum Anisotropic Linear Viscoelastic Damping Properties (1999)

Analytical formulations based on material responses of "anisotropic viscoelastic designer materials" developed in the present paper prescribe what type of optimal anisotropic viscoelastic materials are to be manufactured to meet specific service requirements of loading, moisture and temperatures for quasi-static and time dependent environments.
Rule-based data quality (2002)

In the business intelligence/data warehouse user community, there is a growing confusion as to the difference between data cleansing and data quality. While many data cleansing products can help in applying data edits to name and address data, or help in transforming data during an ETL process, there is usually no persistence in this cleansing. This paper describes how we have implemented a business rules approach to build a data validation engine, called GuardianIQ, that transforms declarative data quality rules into code that objectively measures and reports levels of data quality based on user expectations.
A Method for Monitoring Intracerebral Temperature in Neurosurgical Patients (1990)

Abstract Current interest in brain temperature and selective brain cooling makes a method allowing for continuous monitoring of intracerebral temperature in humans desirable. The authors describe a safe, simple, and reliable technique using a thermocouple of copper and constantan in combination with intraventricular monitoring of intracranial pressure for measurement of brain temperature in neurosurgical patients.