gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Macrophage Differentiation and Polarization via Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt–ERK Signaling Pathway Conferred by Serum Amyloid P Component (2011)

Macrophage differentiation and polarization is influenced by, and act on, many processes associated with autoimmunity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying macrophage polarization in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remain largely debated. We previously demonstrated that macrophage M2b polarization conferred by activated lymphocyte-derived (ALD)-DNA immunization could initiate and propagate murine lupus nephritis. Serum amyloid P component (SAP), a conserved acute-phase protein in mice, has been reported to bind to DNA and modulate immune responses. In this study, murine SAP was shown to promote macrophage-mediated ALD-DNA uptake through binding to ALD-DNA (SAP/ALD-DNA). Moreover, macrophage phenotypic switch from a proinflammatory M2b phenotype induced by ALD-DNA alone to an anti-inflammatory M2a phenotype stimulated with SAP/ALD-DNA were found because of PI3K/Akt-ERK signaling activation. Both in vivo SAP supplements and adoptive transfer of ex vivo programmed M2a macrophages induced by SAP/ALD-DNA into SLE mice could efficiently alleviate lupus nephritis. Importantly, increased IL-10 secretion, accompanied by anti-inflammatory effect exerted by M2a macrophages, was found to predominantly impede macrophage M2b polarization. Furthermore, neutralization of IL-10 notably reduced the suppressive effect of M2a macrophages. Our results demonstrate that binding of SAP to ALD-DNA could switch macrophage phenotypic polarization from proinflammatory M2b to anti-inflammatory M2a via PI3K/Akt-ERK signaling activation, thus exerting protective and therapeutic interventions on murine lupus nephritis. These data provide a possible molecular mechanism responsible for modulation of macrophage polarization in the context of lupus nephritis and open a new potential therapeutic avenue for SLE.
c-Myb down-regulation is associated with human colon cell differentiation, apoptosis, and decreased Bcl-2 expression. (1998)

c-myb is expressed in human and murine colonic mucosa and elevated expression occurs in premalignant adenomatous polyps and carcinomas. c-Myb is required for colon cell proliferation, and there is evidence of c-myb down-regulation during differentiation. Recently, c-myb has been implicated in hematopoietic cell survival via regulation of bcl-2 gene expression. However, c-myb expression during terminal differentiation and apoptosis in the colonic crypt has not been examined. The experiments in this study examine the spatial and temporal expression of c-Myb protein in vivo using human colonic crypt sections and in vitro in human colon tumor cell lines undergoing butyrate-induced differentiation and apoptosis. Electron microscopy, together with molecular and biochemical analysis, was used to define the differentiation status of the cells. Results demonstrate a decrease in c-Myb expression during the commitment of cells to differentiation and apoptosis. Decreased levels of c-Myb are accompanied by a decrease in Bcl-2. These data suggest that the transcription factor c-Myb has a role in regulating the balance between proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in the colonic crypt. Furthermore, elevated c-Myb levels in colon tumor cells may lead to persistent bcl-2 expression, thus protecting tumor cells from programmed cell death.
POTASSIUM EXCHANGED LAYERED ZIRCONIUM PHOSPHATE AS BASE CATALYST IN KNOEVENAGEL CONDENSATION (2002)

Potassium exchanged layered zirconium phosphate catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation of aldehydes and active methylene compounds gave the corresponding E configurated olefinic derivatives in solvent free conditions.
On the Scientific Relevance of eSports. (2006)

Abstract- Competitive computer gaming or eSports is a phenomenon that has become a fundamental element in today’s digital youth culture. So far very little effort has been made to study eSports in particular with respect to its potentials to positively influence research developments in other areas. This paper therefore tries to lay a foundation for a proper academic treatment of eSports. It presents a short overview on the history of eSports, provides a definition that is suitable for academic studies on eSports related issues and discusses first approaches to this topic that might lead to results that are applicable to problems in seemingly unrelated fields such as strategic decision making or management training.
Higher harmonic detection employing wavelength modulation spectroscopy and near infrared diode lasers: An undergraduate experiment (2009)

Frequency modulation and harmonic detection are extensively employed in a variety of experimental techniques and offer a detection sensitivity limited only by quantum noise. We discuss a simple experiment using wavelength modulation spectroscopy and near infrared diode lasers operating in the 780 nm region to detect rubidium hyperfine spectra. Modulation spectroscopy techniques are employed to improve the signal to noise ratio for the detection of weak signals and thus significantly improve the sensitivity and specificity for detection. By using quantum cascade lasers and wavelength modulation spectroscopy, one can detect trace species at sub-ppm level, which has numerous applications in diverse areas such as medical diagnostics, food processing, industrial applications, and environmental monitoring.
Performance Of A Heat Pipe In A Microwave Field<sup>*</sup> (1975)

This paper describes a study of the feasibility of cooling high power microwave windows with heat pipes. The concept involves replacing a single conventional window with two thin windows which are separated in a manner to form—with the wave guide—an internal cavity where heat pipe operation occurs. The internal cavity is lined with a thin layer of capillary material and a working fluid is introduced.Thermal energy generated in the windows is conducted in the axial direction into the heat pipe cavity where it is transferred to the inside surface of the wave guide. The energy is then conducted in a radial direction through the wave guide and removed by conventional cooling techniques from the outer surface of the wave guide.Theoretical expressions have been developed for predicting thermal burnout fluxes, thermal resistances and vapor conditions during normal operation, and maximum working fluid head rises during vertical operation. A thermal test rig has been designed and fabricated which simulates actual operation of the device when microwave signals are transmitted. Preliminary testing has been accomplished and the results are very encouraging.
Comparative analysis of modulation techniques in frequency converter (2016)

A generalized frequency converter has been realized which makes use of a cyclo-converter in newer form AC-AC converter. An attempt has been made to operate this converter both in a conventional low frequency AC-AC converter and a new high frequency AC-AC converter. The ability to directly affect the frequency conversion of power without any intermediate stage involving DC power is a huge advantage of the system. The output of this converter has a frequency either f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</inf> = f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</inf> × N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</inf> or f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</inf> = f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</inf> /N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</inf> . where N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</inf> is an integer and f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</inf> is the source frequency. A methodology is developed to generate the required trigger signal for any integer multiple/sub multiple of the output frequency. The undesirable harmonic components in the output of the frequency converter have been minimized using four modulation techniques namely; sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM), delta modulation (DM), trapezoidal modulation (TM) and space vector modulation (SVM) technique. The converter is simulated using well known software package MATLAB. Comparative simulation analysis is presented for a single phase frequency converter (SPFC) topology with all these modulation techniques when the converter is operating both step up as well as for step down mode.
200 kDa and 160 kDa neurofilament protein phosphatase resistance following in vivo aluminum chloride exposure. (1994)

We have used time-course dephosphorylation experiments and two dimensional isoelectric focusing to assess the phosphorylation state of neurofilament (NF) proteins following the intracisternal inoculation of AlCl3. Littermates of New Zealand white rabbits, age 5-6 weeks, were inoculated with either 1000, 750, 500, 250 or 100 micrograms AlCl3 in 0.9% NaCl or 0.9% NaCl alone, killed 48 hours later and the NF-enriched cytoskeletal fraction isolated from the spinal cord. Neurofilamentous inclusions did not occur following inoculums of 100 or 250 micrograms AlCl3, but thereafter developed in increasing quantities in a dosage-dependent manner. Incubation of the NF-enriched fraction with E. Coli. alkaline phosphatase (enzyme: substrate 1:50) induced a replacement of the highly phosphorylated 200 kDa isoform of NFH with a more poorly phosphorylated 170 kDa isoform, confirmed by immunoblot analysis. This reaction was complete within 20 minutes with NF derived from NaCl, 100 or 250 micrograms AlCl3 inoculated rabbits and within 30 minutes for 500 micrograms AlCl3 inoculums. However, residual highly phosphorylated NFH isoforms persisted at 60 minutes for 750 micrograms inoculums and 90 minutes for that derived from 1000 micrograms AlCl3 inoculums. A similar inhibition of phosphatase activity was observed for NFM. Following two dimensional electrophoresis of the NF-enriched isolate, no alteration in the net phosphorylation state of individual NF subunit proteins was observed--regardless of the inoculum. These results demonstrate a dose-dependent induction of neurofilamentous inclusions in spinal motor neurons following intracisternal AlCl3 inoculation accompanied by increasing phosphatase resistance without a demonstrable alteration in NF net phosphorylation state.
Characterization of a human lung fibroblast receptor site for Mycoplasma pneumoniae. (1987)

Mycoplasma pneumoniae, a respiratory pathogen of humans, is the etiologic agent of primary atypical pneumonia. The mycoplasma attaches to the host cell by means of a specialized terminal structure. This structure binds the organism to the corresponding receptor site on the host cell. A glycoprotein receptor site for M. pneumoniae was isolated from MRC-5 human lung fibroblasts. It was isolated from a Triton X-100 extract by column affinity chromatography, utilizing wheat germ agglutinin bound sepharose 6MB. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis revealed it to have an MW of approximately 100 kilodaltons (kDa) and to be composed of subunits of approximately 21 kDa. At a concentration of 56 micrograms/ml, the receptor inhibited the binding of 14C-labeled M. pneumoniae to MRC-5 fibroblasts by 77%. Chemical analysis determined that it does not contain any detectable sialic acid. Knowledge of the biochemical and immunological characteristics of the receptor site are essential to understand the attachment phase of the pathogenic process and to further the development of effective prophylaxis.
Cognitive Femtocell (2011)

Recently, considerable attention has been devoted to the potential cognitive femtocell to allow for higher capacity and intelligent coverage, with guaranteed quality of service (QoS) for future indoor services. This interest is because of the fact that femtocells can access a resource, sufficiently and locally, to known users with higher throughput. In this article, cognitive femtocell is proposed as a solution for spectrum scarcity problems and local-convergence demands for indoor network applications. In addition, a devel oped gateway broadband router based on novel cross-layer management optimization is used to control the data packet delivery between the macro cell and cognitive femtocell, using a priority queuing (PQ) strategy. This solution combines the physical, medium access control (MAC), and application layers to maintain the requested QoS in response to the dynamic changes in the wireless environment. Simulation results show higher-throughput rates achieved and successful performance of cognitive femtocells for voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and video applications in future Internet networks using the PQ policy.
Neonatal Sublingual Vaccination with <i>Salmonella</i> Proteins and Adjuvant Cholera Toxin or CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Induces Mucosal and Systemic Immunity in Mice (2008)

Neonatal sublingual vaccination with adjuvant CpG or CT can induce both mucosal and systemic immunity and may play a crucial role in protection against enteric pathogens.
Oil Whip Whirl Orbits of a Rotor in Sleeve Bearings (1967)

An analysis of the self-excited oscillations, known as “oil whip,” of a rotor supported in fluid film bearings is presented. The source of the instability is the hydrodynamic forces of the bearing fluid film. The equations of motion are nonlinear, and they are studied to determine the limit cycles of the system, also called the whirl orbits. The nonlinear equations are solved by the method of averaging whereby the whirl orbits are obtained directly. The results are dimensionless and are given in graphical form. They show under which conditions whirl orbits can exist, and the position and the size of the orbits are also given. It is found that the orbits are only encountered in a relatively narrow speed interval around the speed at which the static equilibrium becomes unstable.
Supercontinuum Generation in Gases (1986)

Supercontinua extending from the ultraviolet to the infrared are observed from high-pressure (1-40 atm) Ar, Kr, Xe, ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$, or C${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ illuminated with 2-psec or 70-fsec, 0.6-\ensuremath{\mu}m pulses with an energy \ensuremath{\lesssim}500 \ensuremath{\mu}J. The blue spectral component is shown to display a nearly universal behavior for all gases and pulse durations. Although the maximum intensity of the focused, femtosecond pulse in an evacuated cell was \ensuremath{\sim}${10}^{13}$ W/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, continuum generation was only observed with the femtosecond pulse when the threshold for self-focusing was exceeded.
Simultaneous Quantification of Primary, Secondary Amino Acids, and Biogenic Amines in Musts and Wines Using OPA/3‐MPA/FMOC‐CI Fluorescent Derivatives (2001)

ABSTRACT: Free amino acids and biogenic amines occur in musts and wines and affect the course of fermentation in musts and the quality of wines. Each sample was analyzed in 138 min and each analysis involved quantification of 23 amino acids and 10 amines. The detection limit for proline was 27.3 mg/L. The mean detection limit for amino acids was 0.58 mg/L and for amines 0.28 mg/L. Precision was 0.5 to 19.2% for wine samples and accuracy by the standard addition method was 99.8% (recovery value). In all, 33 wines and 39 must samples were analyzed. In wines, ethanolamine, histamine, ethylamine, and putrescine amounted to 93% of the amine content.
Morphology of Viruses (1975)

The chemical constituents described in the previous chapter are found in particles of diverse size and shape in the various viruses isolable from animals, bacteria, plants, and fungi. Despite the diversity of size and shape of different viruses, the size and shape of any one virus tend to be much more uniform than do the cells of a bacterium. This uniformity is reflected in the fact that many viruses can be crystallized whereas bacteria cannot. Some examples of virus crystals are shown in Figure 30. Note that a single virus crystal contains millions of virus particles as is nicely illustrated in the electron micrograph obtained by Steere and Williams (1953) of a partially dissolved crystal of tobacco mosaic virus. Thus, although a simple virus particle may consist of hundreds of molecules of protein and one or more molecules of nucleic acid, large populations of these particles often behave as though they were just molecules, crystallization of particles being one manifestation of this characteristic (behavior of virus particles in hydrodynamic tests such as electrophoresis or sedimentation is also molecular in character).
Perinatal Risk Factors for Infantile Autism (2002)

Our findings suggest that intrauterine and neonatal factors related to deviant intrauterine growth or fetal distress are important in the pathogenesis of autism.
Adaptive file allocation in distributed computer systems (1994)

An algorithm to dynamically reallocate the database files in a computer network is presented. The proposed algorithm uses the best fit approach to allocate and delete beneficial file copies. A key problem of economical estimation of future access and update pattern is discussed and an algorithm based on the Gabor-Kolmogorov learning process is presented to estimate the access and the update patterns. A distributed candidate selection algorithm is presented to reduce the number of files and nodes in reallocation. The simulation results are presented to demonstrate both accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithms.
Isolation of a Normal Human Thyroid Cell Line: Hormonal Requirement for Thyroglobulin Regulation (2002)

The long-term culture of functional follicular cells from normal adult human thyroid tissue has been obtained. They were expanded using a 1:2 split ratio until passage 28 (present status) in Click-RPMI medium enhanced with 5% fetal calf serum and diverse associations of hormones or components including porcine insulin and bovine thyrotropin. At passages 10 and 20, chromosome countings showed a normal diploid number and a normal karyotype. In calf serum containing media, cells are epithelial in the presence of thyrotropin (TSH) but present a slight elongated form in the absence of TSH. In serum-free media, 30 minutes after TSH stimulation, both epithelial and elongated cells changed in morphology to stellate-shaped, arborized forms, indicating the presence of functional TSH-receptors even in long term (18 months) TSH-free cultures. Cells produce thyroglobulin constitutively and large amounts of thyroglobulin are easily recovered in TSH-supplemented media, especially in the presence of insulin. Thyroglobulin production was increased versus days under TSH or insulin stimulation. Combination of the two hormones clearly resulted in a synergistic and not an additive effect. The other hormones present in the 6H components (transferrin, glycylhistidyl-lysine, somatostatin, and hydrocortisone) had no positive effect on thyroglobulin accumulation in media in our experimental conditions. Addition of TSH to hormone-free cultures or to insulin-, insulin plus hydrocortisone-, or 5H-containing cultures resulted in a clear increase in thyroglobulin production. Withdrawal of TSH from 6H cultures resulted in a decrease in thyroglobulin accumulation in media. Six months were required to select fibroblast-free cultures and to get passage 6. But only 17 months separated passage 6 to passage 28, indicating that the proliferative rate is increasing with in vitro cell adaptation. Such normal adult thyroid cells, thyroglobulin-producing, TSH, and insulin-sensitive, represent a new normal human thyroid cell line allowing comparative studies with cells originating from pathologic thyroid tissues.
A computer system for acoustic analysis of pathological voices and laryngeal diseases screening (2002)

A system for acoustic analysis of pathological voices is proposed. The vocalized part of the voice signal is separated and all glottal cycles are traced by means of a cross-correlation detector. Based on the so determined beginning and duration of all glottal cycles, shimmer, jitter, several harmonics-to-noise ratios and other widely used acoustic parameters are calculated. New parameters are also introduced for estimation of the turbulent noise in voice signals (Turbulent Noise Index - TNI) and for the "breathy" voice characterization (Normalized First Harmonic Energy - NFHE). These parameters are applied for laryngeal pathology detection. An identification accuracy of 96.1% by the K-nearest neighbors' method has been achieved. The system is clinically tested.
Investigation on flutter stability of the DLR-F19/SACCON configuration (2019)

In the present work, flutter stability studies of an unmanned flying-wing configuration are presented. For this purpose, different fidelity modeling methods (DLM, CFD-Euler and CFD-RANS) are considered. The dependence of flutter speeds on altitude and Mach number is examined, showing that aerodynamic potential-based methods cannot predict aerodynamic phenomena such as flow detachment occurring at high angles of attack. In this respect, it is important that flutter investigations industry-oriented calculation methods are compared with the results obtained by high-fidelity CFD methods.
Cancer immunotherapy using T-cell receptor engineered T cell (2020)

Abstract: T-cells have played extremely important roles to prevent tumor cells from growing into cancer. Adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) with T-cells can not only cease tumor progression but also cure cancer. The development of various ACT strategies for tumor immunotherapy has promoted substantial progress for cancer management in recent years, whilst our review focuses on T-cell receptor engineered T cell therapy (TCR-T) that is becoming a promising treatment for cancer. Many TCR-T clinical trials are being carried out for treating solid tumors. However, it is important to optimize the treatment safety and efficacy in controlling the disease and preventing the fatal adverse events. New approaches to improve TCR-T such as enhancing TCR affinity, increasing TCR expression, reducing mispairing and rigorous testing TCR specificity etc. will provide more safe and effective immunological treatments for cancer patients. Furthermore, combinations of TCR-T with other treatments, such as surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade, may extend the effectiveness in dealing with the complex malignant diseases.
IMPACTS OF COOLING WATER QUALITY ON OPERATIONAL SAFETY OF WATER COOLED REACTOR (2013)

Cooling water chemistry and its effects on fuel elements cladding and reactor components materials performance are important factors for safe and reliable operation of nuclear reactors. This is because; at elevated temperature, water is an aggressive medium and may causes corrosion problems in fuel elements cladding and reactor structural materials. For this reason, reliability and safety for nuclear power and research reactors are achieved by using proper fuel cladding and structural materials. Also, cooling water regimes must be adjusted and proved to prevent dangerous corrosion problems. In this paper, a comparative technical evaluation study among different reactor types concerning cooling water specifications in case of regulatory standard values and operating experience conditions have been investigated. Cooling water specifications for various types of nuclear reactors and impacts of abnormal cooling water quality on reactor materials have been reviewed and discussed. Measures adopted to prevent or decrease water impieties accumulation have been implemented. For further cooling water quality improvements to reduce radiation dose from primary circuits and to achieve higher burnup and better fuel performance, constitution of LWR chemistry guidelines and a new pH control method for primary coolant have been recommended.