gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast optical response originating from carrier-transport processes in undoped GaAs/<i>n-</i>type GaAs epitaxial structures (2012)

We have investigated ultrafast optical responses of undoped GaAs/n-type GaAs (i-GaAs/n-GaAs) epitaxial structures at room temperature using a reflection-type pump-probe technique. The built-in electric field in the i-GaAs layer is controlled by its thickness. It is found that the decay time of a photoexcitation-induced reflectivity change in a sub-picosecond range decreases with an increase in the built-in electric field strength. The observed optical response is related to the transport process of photogenerated carriers from the i-GaAs layer to the n-GaAs layer. The shortest response time about 60 fs demonstrates that the i-GaAs/n-GaAs structure is useful for ultrafast optical applications.
Degree of polymer organization decreases the binding of a monoclonal antibody raised against the beta-chain amino terminus of fibrin. (1997)

The beta-chain amino terminus of fibrin is exposed transiently as subunits are added to the enlarging fibrin network. Anti-beta antibodies bind preferentially to actively enlarging fibrin polymers.
Power Mobility and Socialization in Preschool (2010)

The use and assessment of power mobility in a preschool classroom appear feasible. Issues important to maximizing children's use of power mobility for classroom participation are discussed.
Picosecond pulse generation using nonlinear time-lens compression (2006)

In this paper, we demonstrate simultaneous time-lens and soliton compression effects in standard single mode fiber by a simple amplification stage of the signal prior to the injection in the compression fiber. Our technique allows the generation of 3.2 ps pulses at a 10 GHz repetition rate without using special components or additional phase aberration correction, at a low driving voltage. The output pulses are characterized by a sensitive implementation of frequency-resolved optical gating, which allows the retrieval of both the intensity and phase profiles of the pulses.
Estudio experimental sobre la eficiencia de un tratamiento de ultrasonido en un sistema de flujo continuo para la reducción de viscosidad de crudo pesado Experimental study on the efficiency of an ultrasound treatment in a continuous flow system for viscosity reduction of heavy crude oil (2013)

The transportation of heavy crude oils through pipelines is very hard due to their high viscosity and low mobility. Nowadays, high intensity ultrasound is being explored as a new potential alternative to reduce the viscosity of heavy crude oils and facilitate the transport by pipeline. This work studies the effects of ultrasonic energy on the viscosity of heavy crude oil. This is done through a systematic experimental study in a pilot scale continuous flow system, in which the influence of process variables such as treatment temperature (308 y 319K), exposure time (5.66 y 16.98s), and sonic intensity (170-250 y 400-680kW/m 2 ) is analyzed. The study revealed that the treatment temperature in the proven range has not a significant effect in the efficiency of ultrasonic vibrations to reduce the heavy crude viscosity. On the other hand, it was found that the increase of exposure time favors the viscosity reduction. It also observed that sonic intensity in the established levels has an effect favorable or unfavorable depending of the exposure time magnitude. This investigation represents an important advance in the industrial application of ultrasound technology, since it is the first study that shows essential information about the effectiveness of a continuous ultrasonic treatment process to reduce the viscosity of heavy crude oil.
Accelerometer calibration for a portable mobility telemonitoring device (2006)

Long-term monitoring of mobility is beneficial in quantifying a person's functional health status. An SMS-based (Short Message Service) telemonitoring system has been redeveloped to remotely monitor the long-term mobility trends of elderly people in their living environment. Mobility is measured by an accelerometer-based portable unit, which is worn by each monitored subject. Mobility level summaries are transmitted hourly, as SMS messages, directly from the redeveloped portable unit to a remote server for long-term analysis. Each subject's mobility levels are monitored at the remote server using custom-designed mobility alert software and the appropriate medical personnel are alerted, by SMS, if deterioration in the subject's mobility levels is detected. This paper describes the process used to calibrate accelerometers for the wearable element of this telemonitoring system.
No-Switching Quantum Key Distribution Using Broadband Modulated Coherent Light (2005)

We realize an end-to-end no-switching quantum key distribution protocol using continuous-wave coherent light. We encode weak broadband Gaussian modulations onto the amplitude and phase quadratures of light beams. Our no-switching protocol achieves high secret key rate via a post-selection protocol that utilizes both quadrature information simultaneously. We establish a secret key rate of 25 Mbits/s for a lossless channel and 1 kbit/s for 90% channel loss, per 17 MHz of detected bandwidth, assuming individual Gaussian eavesdropping attacks. Since our scheme is truly broadband, it can potentially deliver orders of magnitude higher key rates by extending the encoding bandwidth with higher-end telecommunication technology.
Photorefraction in lead–tin-fluorophosphate glasses (1998)

Permanent grating patterns have been written directly in lead-tin-fluorophosphate glasses by use of UV radiation. The effect of photorefraction is studied in different tin-fluorophosphate compositions. Recorded gratings are found to be volume rather than surface elements. The induced index changes are comparable with those seen in GeO(2)- SiO(2) glasses.
View Synthesis of Scenes with Man-Made Objects Using Uncalibrated Cameras. (2004)

We propose a scheme for view synthesis of scenes containing man-made objects from images taken by arbitrary, uncalibrated cameras. Under the assumption of availability of the correspondence of three vanishing points,in general position, our scheme computes z-buffer values that can be used for handling occlusions in the synthesized view. This requires the computation of the infinite homography. We also present an alternate formulation of the technique which works with the same assumptions but does not require infinite homography computation. We present experimental results to establish the validity of both formulations. 1.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of an intracellular xylanase from<i>Bacillus stearothermophilus</i>T-6 (2000)

Xylanases (1,4-beta-D-xylan xylanhydrolases; E.C. 3.2.1.8) hydrolyze the 1,4-beta-D-xylopyranosyl linkage of xylans. The structural characterization of xylanase active sites is of great interest, since it can lead to a better understanding of their catalytic mechanism and contribute significant knowledge to the rational design of specific oligosaccharide-binding sites via protein engineering. An intracellular xylanase gene (xynA2) from Bacillus stearothermophilus T-6 has recently been cloned and sequenced. The xynA2 gene encodes for an intracellular enzyme (IXT6) of 331 amino acids, with a calculated molecular weight of 38 639 Da and a pI of 5.72. Based on sequence homology, the enzyme belongs to family 10 of the glycosyl hydrolases. The xynA2 gene product (IXT6) was overproduced in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. Crystallographic studies of IXT6 were initiated in order to study the specificity and mechanism of catalysis of this unique xylanase, as well as to provide a structural basis for rational introduction of enhanced thermostability by site-specific mutagenesis. The M1 crystal form was found to be the most suitable for detailed crystal structure analysis. These crystals belong to a C--centered monoclinic crystal system (space group C2) with unit-cell parameters a = 170.6, b = 82.5, c = 80.0 A, beta = 91.43 degrees. They are mechanically strong, are fairly stable in the X-ray beam and diffract X--rays to better than 2.5 A resolution. A full 2.9 A resolution diffraction data set (97.9% completeness, R(merge) = 8.4%) has recently been collected from one crystal at room temperature using X-ray synchrotron radiation (lambda = 1.125 A) and a MAR300 imaging-plate area detector. A comparable 2.5 A data set was measured at 90 K using a rotating-anode X-ray source and an R-AXIS IIc imaging-plate area detector (97.2% completeness, R(merge) = 6.9%). Molecular-replacement studies and multiple anomalous dispersion (MAD) experiments are currently in progress in order to determine the detailed three-dimensional structure of IXT6.
Alkali Metal Purification by Preferential Contact Ionization in a Magnetoplasma Device (1967)

First Page
ChemInform Abstract: L‐Isoleucine Derived Bifunctional Phosphine Catalyses Asymmetric [3 + 2]‐Annulation of Allenyl‐Esters and ‐Ketones with Ketimines (2016)

Abstract affording a wide range of dihydropyrrolyl spirooxindoles with excellent enantioselectivities
Efficient Radiative Recombination of Indirect Excitons in Silicon Nanowires (2002)

Silicon nanowires have been fabricated with a triangular cross-section of side length ∼65 nm, and their photoluminescence (PL) properties have been studied. The phonon-assisted PL bands are observed in the near-infrared spectral region. At low temperatures, the PL spectra of the silicon nanowires are quite similar to those of bulk silicon crystals. In the silicon nanowires, the intensity of the phonon-assisted PL bands is not sensitive to temperature and the PL bands are clearly observed even at room temperature. The mechanism of the room-temperature luminescence in silicon nanowires is discussed.
Evaluation of DLC Coatings for Foil Bearing Applications (2007)

A critical component in oil-free air foil bearings is the tribological coating system that must be used on the journal/runner and the foil pads to ensure reliable operation during transient periods and start-stop cycles. The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the performance characteristics of hydrogenated diamond like carbon coatings (H-DLC) for foil bearing applications. Tribological tests were performed using a single thrust foil bearing in contact with a rotating flat disk at room temperature. While the performance of H-DLC coating on the foils tested against disks coated with MiTi® Korolon™ 900 was acceptable, the reverse coating combination provided an excellent performance. Although the H-DLC film had suffered some wear along narrow scratches, both coatings survived the 500 start/stop cycles. The liftoff speed, which is an important design parameter, was less than 1,000 rpm, much lower than uncoated foil and disk combination. It is, therefore, concluded that the combination of H-DLC foil coating with the Korolon™ 900 coating on the disk will provide excellent performance for foil bearing applications at room temperature.
Comparison of the specificity of antibodies to VAR2CSA in Cameroonian multigravidae with and without placental malaria: a retrospective case–control study (2015)

Ab avidity to FV2 may be an important indicator of immunity to PM.
Large-area edge-buttable CCDs for mosaic focal plane applications (1997)

This paper will describe in some detail tow new large area CCD image sensors designed specifically to be used either as a single imager or assembled in mosaics of CCDs. The devices have 2048 X 4096, 15 micrometers pixels; the difference being the orientation of the serial register. Performance data are presented on both front- and back-illuminated parts. In addition, a new production camera test system will also be described which is being used to screen test the Advanced Camera CCDs for the wide field and high resolution channels.
Recobrimento de superficies de PVC com filmes de Langmuir-Blodgett usando fosfatidiletanolamina (1999)

Os biomateriais vem se tomando cada vez mais importantes dentro do cenario medico. Porem, o que restringe suas aplicacoes sao as reacoes adversas que ocorrem quando essas superficies entram em contato com os fluidos biologicos. Urna alternativa para reduzir as reacoes adversas e aumentar a sua hemocompatibilidade e a mimetizacao das interfaces biologicamente inertes, corno a superficie externa de globulos vermelhos e plaquetas, que possuem em comum a presenca dos fosfolipidios neutros fosfatidilcolina (PC), fosfatidiletanolamina (PE) e esfingomielina. Dentro deste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho de pesquisa foi estudar o recobrimento de superficies comerciais de polic1oreto de vinil a (PVC) com os fosfolipidios isolados dimiristoilfosfatidiletanolamina (DMPE) e dipalmitoilfosfatidiletanolamina (DPPE) e com DMPE em misturas com dimiristoilfosfatidilcolina (DMPC) e derivatizado com polietilenoglicol (PEG), atraves do processo de Langmuir-Blodgert (LB). O recobrimento foi caracterizado atraves de determinacoes do ângulo de contato dinâmico em interface ar-agua e do tempo de fibrina e atraves de microscopia de forca atomica. Os resultados experimentais indicaram a factibilidade do recobrimento das superficies *f1 os fosfolidios isolados ou com suas misturas, e urna boa correlacao entre as tecnicas de caracterizacao utilizadas. De uma maneira geral, as superficies recobertas tomaram-se mais hidrofobicas e mais hemocompativeis, se comparadas com as superficies nao recobertas. O recobrimento mostrou-se dependente da composicao dos fosfolipidios e das variaveis operacionais do processo. Esses resultados sao importantes para aplicacoes do PVC em utensilios medicos e circuitos extracorporeos 
Abstract
The structure of the vertebral spongiosa (1969)

1. The structure ofthe cancellous bone ofthe third lumbarvertebral body from a twenty-year-old woman who died from head injuries was studied, using serial section reconstruction techniques. 2. In addition to the construction of enlarged models from different regions of the vertebral body, measurements were made of the bone area, the surface area, and the thickness and spacing of the bony structures. 3. The vertebral spongiosa consists of a complex network of bony plates perforated by rounded openings of varying size. The plates show preferential orientation in the vertical and horizontal planes, and the amount of bone is greatest towards the upper and lower surfaces of the vertebral body. 4. The mechanical significance of the structure of the vertebral spongiosa is discussed.
Variations in patterns of DNA damage induced in human colorectal tumor cells by 5-fluorodeoxyuridine: implications for mechanisms of resistance and cytotoxicity. (1992)

We have previously shown that treatment of the HT29 human colorectal tumor (HCT) cell line with 100 nM 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FdUrd) induces DNA fragments ranging from 50 kilobases to 5 megabases. The studies reported here were conducted to characterize the kinetics, concentration dependence, and pharmacologic specificity of this process and to determine if such fragmentation varies among HCT cell lines. HT29 and SW620 cells yielded similar fragment size distributions upon treatment with either FdUrd or CB3717 [a folate analog inhibitor of thymidylate synthase (TS)]. With either of these agents the SW620 line required higher drug concentrations or longer incubation times than HT29 cells to achieve a given level of fragmentation or cytotoxicity, even though the two cell lines are equally sensitive to FdUrd-induced TS inhibition. These data indicate that SW620 resistance is not due to a lesion in the events leading up to TS inhibition but it may be due to a difference in the steps following TS inhibition. Aphidicolin, a DNA polymerase inhibitor, did not cause substantial fragmentation or cytotoxicity in these two cell lines, demonstrating that the fragmentation response to the other two drugs is not a general consequence of DNA synthesis inhibition. A third HCT line, HuTu80, gave rise only to a smaller and more discrete population of DNA fragments, ranging from approximately 50 to 200 kilobases, following exposure to FdUrd. Similar patterns were seen in this line upon treatment with CB3717 or aphidicolin, indicating that this fragmentation pattern is not specific to TS inhibition and may be characteristic of a more general response than that seen in the other two cell lines. DNA fragments induced by FdUrd in HuTu80 cells did not degrade into smaller pieces, demonstrating that the process by which they are formed is distinct from apoptosis. We conclude that the responses of HCT cells to FdUrd-induced TS inhibition vary significantly, that these differences may reflect heterogeneity in the mechanism of DNA damage formation, and that, in some cases, FdUrd resistance may be due to alterations in the fragmentation process.
European Community research on forging of magnesium alloys (MagForge): State of affairs (2009)

While the interest in wrought magnesium applications is growing, forging of magnesium alloys in Europe and beyond is still restricted to a few specialized companies that operate for niche markets. Technical matters that relate to this are underdeveloped mechanical properties of available feedstock materials and lacking analytical capabilities on process design and product performance. A further issue concerns the unfamiliarity with the material throughout the forging sector and at the end users, so that the threshold for implementation is considerable. As a result, the size of scale is still small: magnesium accounts only for a minor share of the non-ferrous forging volume. It is, however, increasingly recognized by the forging industry that magnesium can be a worthwhile alternative for steel and aluminum. This is triggered by the need for weight saving for automotive applications â which is the sectorâs main market â in order to improve on fuel efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions. Other favorable attributes of magnesium forgings are their strength and toughness (as compared to their cast counterparts), their near-to-net shaping capabilities, and their range of complementary geometries (as compared to other wrought products, notably sheets and extrusions). Starting from this baseline, a consortium of industrial associations, companies, research organizations and universities has initiated the European Community research project âMagnesium Forged Components for Structural Lightweight Transport Applicationsâ (acronym: MAGFORGE). The overall goal of this so-called Collective Research project is to provide tailored and cost-effective technologies for the industrial manufacturing of magnesium forged components. Scientific and technological targets are new alloys/feedstock materials with improved performance, forging process modeling and design tools with a satisfying level of predictability, machining technology for safe and rational finishing, and typical demonstrator components to validate results. Further, dissemination and training activities are arranged to ensure that the results reach the different stakeholder categories. The consortium joins 23 participants from twelve countries (B, CZ, D, E, F, I, NL, PL, RO, S, SI, UK). Duration of the project is from July 2006 to December 2009, with a total manpower effort adding up to 27 person-years. The paper at hand addresses the various technological aspects of magnesium forging and its associated operations and exemplifies some of these with results from the MAGFORGE project. General background information on MAGFORGE is available from an earlier paper and from the projectâs homepage. Further, specific project results on the distinct research areas are reported in a number of supplementary contributions in this proceedings volume.
Production of Drug-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles by Electrospraying Technology (2014)

The pharmaceutical industry struggles with high attrition. The outbreak of pharmaceutical micro/nanotechnology has been fundamental to overcome several (bio)pharmaceutic drawbacks of drugs such as poor aqueous solubility, physicochemical instability, short half life, inappropriate biodistribution and toxicity. The spatiotemporal release of drugs directly in the site of action and the restriction of the systemic exposure by means of nanotechnology has notoriously improved drug safety ratios. At the same time, the development of production methods that are cost-effective, scalable and reproducible under industrial settings becomes crucial to ensure the clinical translation of any development. The electrospraying process, also known as electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA), is a single-stage technique of liquid atomization by means of electrical forces that enables the generation of micro/nanoparticles with especially narrow size distribution. EHDA is based on the ability of an electric field to deform the interface of a liquid drop and break it into smaller mono-disperse droplets. The main advantageous features over conventional methods are the possibility to produce particles without the use of surfactants, at ambient temperature and pressure and with maximum encapsulation efficiency due to the absence of an external medium that allows the migration and/or dissolution of water-soluble cargos. In addition, the mild conditions are optimal for the encapsulation of thermo-sensitive cargos. The present article overviews the applications of this technology for the production of nano-drug delivery systems and discusses its key role to support the transfer of a broad spectrum of nanomedicines to the market.
The Molecular Mechanisms of the Hepatoprotective Effect of Gomisin A against Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in Rats with Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Liver Injury (2012)

Oxidative damage and inflammation are implicated in the pathogenesis of liver injury and fibrosis. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanism by which gomisin A conferred a hepatoprotective effect, focusing on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects using rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced acute liver injury. Pretreatment with gomisin A prior to the administration of CCl(4) markedly prevented an increase in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and histological hepatic lesions. Gomisin A was also associated with a decrease in hepatic lipid peroxidation, and increased superoxide dismutase activity, suggesting that gomisin A has an antioxidant effect. In addition gomisin A treatment ameliorated mRNA levels of CCl(4)-induced inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase, and the protein levels of transcriptional upregulator nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and phospho-inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB). Furthermore, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), a myofibroblast marker, was also inhibited by gomisin A treatment. These results suggest that gomisin A inhibits the oxidative stress and activation of NF-κB, leading to down-regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators and amelioration of fibrogenesis.
CONSISTENCY OF SAT® I: REASONING TEST SCORE CONVERSIONS (2008)

ABSTRACT This study uses historical data to explore the consistency of SAT® I: Reasoning Test score conversions and to examine trends in scaled score means. During the period from April 1995 to December 2003, both Verbal (V) and Math (M) means display substantial seasonality, and a slight increasing trend for both is observed. SAT Math means increase more than SAT Verbal means. Several statistical indices indicate that, during the period under study, raw‐to‐scale conversions are very stable, although conversions for extreme raw score points are less stable than are other conversions.