gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The cell cycle phase analysis in chromosomal instability transmission induced by gamma ray in mouse bone marrow stem cells (1998)

The delayed expression of chromosomal instability could be induced by ~(137)C_(s)-gamma ray in mouse marrow stem cells in vivo and in vitro. The resuls showed that 1), After 14 days incubating of irradiated BALB/C mouse marrow stem cells, the unstable chromosomal aberration still appeared in CFU-A. 2), The appearance of the unstable chromosomal aberration could persist for above 30 days in irradiated A_(4) cells. The statistical analysis of dose-effect response was observed. 3), The chromosomal instability could be transmitted in BALB/C mice in vivo for up to 30 days. The frequencies for chromosomal aberrations on 30th day is higher than that of 5th、10th and 20th day. The effects of chromosomal instability transmission is unknowns. It is possible that the delay of chromosomal instability expression lead to cells death and cells transformation.
Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Low-NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> Photooxidation of Dodecane: Evolution of Multigeneration Gas-Phase Chemistry and Aerosol Composition (2012)

The extended photooxidation of and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from dodecane (C(12)H(26)) under low-NO(x) conditions, such that RO(2) + HO(2) chemistry dominates the fate of the peroxy radicals, is studied in the Caltech Environmental Chamber based on simultaneous gas and particle-phase measurements. A mechanism simulation indicates that greater than 67% of the initial carbon ends up as fourth and higher generation products after 10 h of reaction, and simulated trends for seven species are supported by gas-phase measurements. A characteristic set of hydroperoxide gas-phase products are formed under these low-NO(x) conditions. Production of semivolatile hydroperoxide species within three generations of chemistry is consistent with observed initial aerosol growth. Continued gas-phase oxidation of these semivolatile species produces multifunctional low volatility compounds. This study elucidates the complex evolution of the gas-phase photooxidation chemistry and subsequent SOA formation through a novel approach comparing molecular level information from a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) and high m/z ion fragments from an Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS). Combination of these techniques reveals that particle-phase chemistry leading to peroxyhemiacetal formation is the likely mechanism by which these species are incorporated in the particle phase. The current findings are relevant toward understanding atmospheric SOA formation and aging from the "unresolved complex mixture," comprising, in part, long-chain alkanes.
Synthese dreikerniger sandwichartiger Cyclopentadienyl‐Komplexe mit zwei verschiedenen Metall‐Zentren (1976)

Dreikernkomplexe mit zwei verschiedenen Metall‐Zentren und der Struktur (1) konnten erstmals synthetisiert werden. Mit Ausnahme der Eisen‐Verbindung sind sie hellgelb und an der Luft beständig. Der braunviolette Eisenkomplex oxidiert zum gelben Kation, das formal Fe 3+ als Zentralatom enthält. magnified image
NONLINEAR REACTANCE AND FREQUENCY CONVERSION IN SUPERCONDUCTING FILMS AT MILLIMETER WAVELENGTHS (1964)

First Page
High-Performance Uniaxially Strained SiGe-on-Insulator pMOSFETs Fabricated by Lateral-Strain-Relaxation Technique (2006)

Novel uniaxially strained SiGe-on-insulator (SGOI) pMOSFETs with Ge content of 20% have been successfully fabricated by utilizing lateral (uniaxial) strain-relaxation process on globally (biaxially) strained SGOI substrates. Drastic increase of drain current (80%) caused by the change of strain from biaxial to uniaxial and the mobility enhancement of about 100% against the control Si-on-insulator pMOSFETs are observed in SGOI pMOSFET. This high mobility enhancement is maintained in high vertical effective fields as well as in short-channel devices. As a result, significant I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> enhancement of 80% is demonstrated in 40-nm gate-length uniaxially strained SGOI pMOSFET
On the Capacity of Bidirectional Broadcast Channels under Channel Uncertainty (2009)

We consider the broadcast phase of a spectrally efficient two-phase decode-and-forward protocol which is used by a relay node to establish a bidirectional communication between two nodes. In the first phase the two nodes transmit their message to the relay node which decodes the messages. In the succeeding phase the relay node broadcasts a re-encoded composition of them. We consider imperfect channel knowledge and assume that all nodes merely know that the channel used for the transmission belongs to a set of channels. This is called compound bidirectional broadcast channel. We derive a universal strategy which achieves capacity and show that perfect channel state information (CSI) at the receivers does not lead to an increased capacity region. Otherwise, perfect CSI at the transmitter can advantageously be used to enlarge the capacity region. Finally, we give a game-theoretic interpretation as a game against nature.
Cross-Phase Modulation Instability in PM ANDi Fiber-Based Supercontinuum Generation (2020)

We demonstrate broadband supercontinuum generation in an all-normal dispersion polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber and we report the observation of a cross-phase modulation instability sideband that is generated outside of the supercontinuum bandwidth. We demonstrate this sideband is polarized on the slow axis and can be suppressed by pumping on the fiber's fast axis. We theoretically confirm and model this nonlinear process using phase-matching conditions and numerical simulations, obtaining good agreement with the measured data.
Comparison of peg-interferon, ribavirin plus telaprevir<i>vs</i>simeprevir by propensity score matching (2015)

SVR12 rates were almost identical following propensity score matching.
A FLUID-BED PROCESS FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF URANIUM HEXAFLUORIDE TO URANIUM DIOXIDE (1963)

A new, dry process for the production of UO/sub 2/ powder from UF/sub 6/ by fluidization and particle-coating techniques was developed. The process involves direct conversion of UF/sub 6/ to a solid, UO/sub 2/F/sub 2/, by hydrolysis with steam and the reduction of the UO/sub 2/F/sub 2/ to the dioxide by reaction with was carried out in 3-in.-dia. Monel reactors. In continuing studies, dense, spheroidal UO/sub 2/ particles in the range --20 +200 mesh are being prepared. A simultaneous (steam and H/sub 2/) reaction procedure at temperatures up to 7OO deg C is being used. Particle densities ranged to 9.75g/ cc or about 89% of theoretical. Sintering in H/sub 2/ at about 1700 deg C for 2.5 hr gave final densities of 10.4 to 16.6 g/cc or up to about 96.5% of theoretical density. (auth)
The Case for Selection at CCR5-Δ32 (2005)

The C-C chemokine receptor 5, 32 base-pair deletion (CCR5-Delta32) allele confers strong resistance to infection by the AIDS virus HIV. Previous studies have suggested that CCR5-Delta32 arose within the past 1,000 y and rose to its present high frequency (5%-14%) in Europe as a result of strong positive selection, perhaps by such selective agents as the bubonic plague or smallpox during the Middle Ages. This hypothesis was based on several lines of evidence, including the absence of the allele outside of Europe and long-range linkage disequilibrium at the locus. We reevaluated this evidence with the benefit of much denser genetic maps and extensive control data. We find that the pattern of genetic variation at CCR5-Delta32 does not stand out as exceptional relative to other loci across the genome. Moreover using newer genetic maps, we estimated that the CCR5-Delta32 allele is likely to have arisen more than 5,000 y ago. While such results can not rule out the possibility that some selection may have occurred at C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), they imply that the pattern of genetic variation seen at CCR5-Delta32 is consistent with neutral evolution. More broadly, the results have general implications for the design of future studies to detect the signs of positive selection in the human genome.
Diffusion tensor tractography of the human brain cortico‐ponto‐cerebellar pathways: A quantitative preliminary study (2010)

In vivo quantification of different cortico-ponto-cerebellar pathways based on cortical connection is feasible, using 1-mm slices at 3.0T.
High frequency of K‐<i>ras</i> mutations in normal appearing lung tissues and sputum of patients with lung cancer (1995)

To evaluate the possible use of mutant ras as a biomarker for lung cancer, we have analyzed "normal appearing" lung tissue, lung tumor, lung metastases and sputum samples from patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). As a control, we used lung tissue and sputum samples from patients without oncological diseases or lung disorders. Our analyses were performed with the aid of enriched PCR (EPCR), a method which enables detection of ras mutation even if present at low incidence. EPCR identified K-ras codon 12 mutations in 10% of lung tissues obtained from patients with no lung diseases, whereas the same mutation was detected in 60% of samples of normal appearing lung tissues obtained from patients with NSCLC, 62% of NSCLC tumors and 80% of metastases. Analysis of sputum samples of patients with NSCLC identified 47% to harbor mutant ras allele, whereas 12.5% of controls diagnosed with non-oncological lung diseases carried this mutation. Most of these mutations were detected with the aid of EPCR only, indicating that a minority of cells in a given sample harbor this mutation. The ability to detect K-ras codon 12 mutation in 60% of lung tissue samples and in 47% of sputum samples taken from patients with lung cancer (as compared with 10% and 12.5% of respective controls) points to the potential use of ras mutation as a biomarker for exposure and possible identification of patients who may be at higher risk of developing lung cancer.
[Further study on dammarane saponins of leaves of Panax japonicus var. major collected in Quinling Mountains China]. (1989)

In continuation of our studies on the leaves of Panax japonicus var. major (Burk.) Wu et Feng, two new dammarane saponins are isolated. By means of FAB-MS and 13CNMR, their structures were elucidated as dammar-22(23)-ene-3 beta, 6 alpha, 12 beta, 20(S), 24 section-pentaol- (20-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-6-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-2)-beta-D- glucopyranoside (majorosids F5) and dammar-23(24)-ene-3 beta, 6 alpha, 12 beta, 20(S), 25-pentaol-(20-O-beta-D- glucopyranosyl)-6-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (majoroside F6).
COVID‐19 in the hotspot of Metropolitan Detroit: A multi‐faceted health system experience (2021)

Health systems were abruptly plunged into a crisis as SARS-CoV-2 exploded into a pandemic in spring 2020. In March-April 2020, Metropolitan Detroit was a US "hotspot." As a large health system with five hospitals and two behavioural health inpatient facilities, a health insurance company, a medical group and physician network, and 41 ambulatory clinics normally hosting over 10,000 daily patient encounters, the Henry Ford Health System deployed numerous strategies in the management of this upheaval. As hospitals and Emergency Departments were inundated with COVID-19 patients, other services and activities needed to shut down as state-mandated policies were promulgated, new internal and external communication networks established, and management of employees and resources such as ventilators, ICU beds, personal protective equipment, and laboratory supplies became critical challenges. We describe herein the system-wide strategies implemented and lessons learned in the operation of a health system in the initial throes of a global pandemic.
Modelling and Design of Multi-cell Buck Converters using Intercell Transformers for HVDC Cable Diagnostic (2012)

International audience
Preparation of the PdCl<sub>2</sub> Complex of TADDOP, the Bis(diphenylphosphinite) of TADDOL: Use in enantioselective 1,3‐diphenylallylations of nucleophiles and discussion of the mechanism (1995)

Abstract Reaction of the tartrate‐derived diol ( R , R )‐α,α,α′,α′‐tetraphenyl‐2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxolane‐4,5‐dimethanol (TADDOL) with chlorodiphenylphosphane gives a new bis(diphenylphosphanyl) ligand (TADDOP). The complex 4 formed with PdCl 2 has been crystallized and its structure determined by X‐ray diffraction ( Fig.1 ). The complex is used for Pd‐catalyzed enantioselective 1,3‐diphenylallylations of various nucleophiles which give products with enantiomer ratios of up to 88:12 ( Scheme 2 ). Crystallization procedures lead to the enantiomerically pure (> 99:1) product 11 derived from dimethyl malonate. The structure of the TADDOP complex 4 is compared with those of other transition‐metal complexes containing chelating bis(diphenylphosphanyl) ligands ( Fig.2 ). A crystallographic data base search reveals that the structures of transition‐metal complexes containing two Ph 2 P groups (superpositions in Fig.3 ) fall into one of two categories: one with approximate C 2 symmetry and the other with C 1 symmetry (20 and 19 examples, resp.). A mechanistic model is proposed which correlates the conformational chirality (δ or λ) of the four Ph groups' arrangement in such complexes with the topicity of nucleophile approach on Pd‐bound trans , trans ‐1,3‐diphenylallyl groups ( Scheme 3 and Table ).
ChemInform Abstract: A Stable and Long‐Lived Germaimine. (1987)

Abstract The electron‐rich germylene (I) reacts with the diazomalonate (II) to give the germaimine (III) which is stable when solved in benzene in the absence of air.
The High-Technology Bandwagon (2001)

Economists use the term effect to describe the benefit a consumer enjoys as a result of others' using the same product or service. The history of videocassettes offers a striking example of the power of bandwagon effects. Originally there were two technical standards for videocassettes in the United States: Beta and VHS. Beta was widely regarded to have better picture quality, but VHS could record longer television programs. Eventually the selection of Beta cassettes shrank to zero, leaving consumers no choice but to get on the VHS bandwagon. The most successful bandwagon, apart from telephone service, is the Internet.In this book Jeffrey Rohlfs shows how the dynamics of bandwagons differ from those of conventional products and services. They are difficult to get started and often fail before getting under way. A classic example of a marketing failure is the Picturephone, introduced by the Bell System in the early 1970s. Rohlfs describes the fierce battles waged by competitors when new services are introduced, as well as cases of early agreement on a single technical standard, as with CDs and CD players. He also discusses the debate among economists and policy analysts over the advantages and disadvantages of having governments set technical standards. The case studies include fax machines, telephones, CD players, VCRs, personal computers, television, and the Internet.
MicroRNA-targeting in male infertility: Sperm microRNA-19a/b-3p and its spermatogenesis related transcripts content in men with oligoasthenozoospermia (2022)

<b>Objective:</b> To elucidate and validate the potential regulatory function of miR-19a/b-3p and its spermatogenesis-related transcripts content in sperm samples collected from men with oligoasthenozoospermia. <b>Methods:</b> Men presenting at an infertility clinic were enrolled. MicroRNA (miRNA) and target genes evaluation were carried out using <i>in silico</i> prediction analysis, Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) validation, and Western blot confirmation. <b>Results:</b> The expression levels of miRNA-19a/b-3p were significantly up-regulated and 51 target genes were significantly down-regulated in oligoasthenozoospermic men compared with age-matched normozoospermic men as determined by RT-qPCR. Correlation analysis highlighted that sperm count, motility, and morphology were negatively correlated with miRNA-19a/b-3p and positively correlated with the lower expression level of 51 significantly identified target genes. Furthermore, an inverse correlation between higher expression levels of miRNA-19a/b-3p and lower expression levels of 51 target genes was observed. Consistent with the results of the RT-qPCR, reduced expression levels of STK33 and DNAI1 protein levels were identified in an independent cohort of sperm samples collected from men with oligoasthenozoospermia. <b>Conclusion:</b> Findings suggest that the higher expression of miRNA-19a/b-3p or the lower expression of target genes are associated with oligoasthenozoospermia and male infertility, probably through influencing basic semen parameters. This study lay the groundwork for future studies focused on investigating therapies for male infertility.
The Community Sediment Transport Modeling System (2008)

Abstract : The goal of the Community Sediment Transport Modeling System (CSTMS) is to produce an open source model that couples hydrodynamics (circulation and waves), sediment transport, and morphodynamics. The model is intended to be used as both a research tool and for practical applications. An accurate and useful model requires coupling sediment-transport with hydrodynamic forcing and stratigraphic evolution. Ultimately, the modeling system will consist of interoperable modules, conforming to a community-accepted standard such as the Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF).
VideoEasel — A Flexible Programmable Simulation Environment for Discrete Many Body Systems (2009)

In this work, we present a Virtual Laboratory providing a simulation framework for discrete many-body systems. Programs defining the dynamics of the system and instruments measuring on the simulation can be easily implemented within its own programming language, and can be linked and edited at run time. The system class that can be covered within this framework reaches from discrete difference equations over classical many-body problems is physics to research problems in image processing, allowing us to apply this laboratory in education and research.
ChemInform Abstract: THERMODYNAMIC AND EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION OF ALUMINA FROM ALUMINUM CHLORIDE‐HYDROGEN‐CARBON DIOXIDE GAS PHASE MIXTURES (1982)

Abstract Mit Hilfe einer thermodynamischen Näherung, die von der Annahme ausgeht, daß Substrat und Dampfphase im Gleichgewicht sind und die auf einer Minimierung der gesamten Freien Enthalpie des Systems basiert, wird der Einfluß der CVD‐Parameter auf die thermodynamischen Ausb. untersucht.
Regulation of RARβ expression by RAR- and RXR-selective retinoids in human lung cancer cell lines: Effect on growth inhibition and apoptosis induction (1998)

Retinoids regulate the growth and differentiation of human tracheobronchial epithelial cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of all-trans-retinoic acid (trans-RA) and receptor class-selective retinoids on the growth and apoptosis of human lung cancer cell lines. Trans-RA significantly inhibited the growth of Calu-6 and H460 cells, accompanied by induction of RA receptor (RAR) beta expression. In contrast, it had little effect on the growth of H292, SK-MES-1 and H661 lung cancer cell lines, in which RAR beta expression was not induced. Stable expression of RAR beta in RAR beta-negative, trans-RA-resistant SK-MES-1 and H661 lung cancer cells led to recovery of trans-RA-induced growth inhibition, which occurred, however, only at low serum concentration. Using fluorescent microscopy and the terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TdT) assay, we demonstrated that induction of apoptosis by trans-RA contributed to its growth-inhibitory effect in trans-RA-sensitive lung cancer cell lines. Analysis of RAR-selective and retinoid X receptor (RXR)-selective retionoids showed that activation of both RARs and RXRs could induce growth inhibition in trans-RA-sensitive lung cancer cells. Also, an additive synergistic effect on growth inhibition and RAR beta induction was observed when cells were treated with combinations of RAR-selective and RXR-selective retinoids. Together, our results show that expression of RAR beta plays a role in mediating retinoid response in lung cancer cells and that activation of RARs or RXRs contributes to induction of RAR beta, growth inhibition and apoptosis by retinoids.
The antileukemic action of two thiadiazole derivatives. (1960)

Summary The thiadiazole derivatives 2-amino-1,3-4-thiadiazole and 2-ethylamino-1,3,4-thiadiazole retarded the growth of leukemia L1210 and extended the survival time of the mice. The thiadiazoles were approximately as effective as the folic acid antagonist aminopterin but considerably less effective than amethopterin in increasing the life span of the leukemic mice. The antileukemic action and host toxicity of the thiadiazoles were blocked by administration of nicotinamide. In vitro exchange of thiadiazole with the nicotinamide moiety of DPN was obtained, resulting in the formation of the thiadiazole analog of DPN. C14-labeled thiadiazole was readily incorporated in the various tissues of the leukemic host. Preliminary attempts to demonstrate formation of the thiadiazole analog of DPN in vivo were inconclusive.
Generation of antibacterial oligosaccharides derived from chitin using heterologous endochitinase synthesized in<i>Escherichia coli</i> (2008)

Our study suggests that it is feasible to synthesize endochitinases ChiA Nima and ChiA74 codified by E. coli and mass-produce these enzymes in culture supernatants. As signal peptides in native ChiA Nima and ChiA74 were recognized by the protein export molecular apparatus in E. coli, these short peptides could be included as signal sequences for transport in E. coli of other proteins with applied value. This is the first report suggesting that ChiA Nima can be used to produce OGS to control food-borne pathogenic bacteria.
Insulin and Insulin Treatment (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Life (and death) before insulin The discovery of insulin The first insulins Animal and human insulins Soluble and long-acting insulin preparations Rapid and long-acting insulin analogs Reproducing physiologic insulin delivery-the size of the problem Routes of insulin administration other than subcutaneous Subcutaneous route of insulin administration Insulin regimens Selecting the most appropriate insulin regimen References
Cover Picture: Molecular Recognition by Synthetic Multifunctional Pores in Practice: Are Structural Studies Really Helpful? (Adv. Funct. Mater. 2/2006) (2006)

Abstract Stefan Matile and co‐workers describe their recent results on synthetic multifunctional pores on p. 169. In Nature, pores are used to transport materials across cellular membranes. Synthetic pores, such as the one shown on the cover, can be used for molecular recognition, leading to applications such as hosting, sensing, or catalysis. The authors argue that demonstration of function is not enough to confirm that synthetic pores work as designed: structural studies and molecular modeling provide complementary, yet vital, information. This account summarizes five years of research devoted to the development of the concept of synthetic multifunctional pores. The objective is to complement a comprehensive graphical summary of molecular recognition with a survey of structural studies on the same topic. The relevance of the latter for research focusing on creation and application of supramolecular functional materials is discussed briefly in a subjective manner.