gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relationship of Serum Sex Steroid Levels to Longitudinal Changes in Bone Density in Young Versus Elderly Men (2001)

Estrogen appears to play an important role in determining bone mineral density in men, but it remains unclear whether estrogen primarily determines peak bone mass or also affects bone loss in elderly men. Thus, we assessed longitudinal rates of change in bone mineral density in young (22–39 yr; n = 88) vs. elderly (60–90 yr; n = 130) men and related these to circulating total and bioavailable estrogen and testosterone levels. In young men bone mineral density increased significantly over 4 yr at the mid-radius and ulna and at the total hip (by 0.32–0.43%/yr), whereas it decreased in the elderly men at the forearm sites (by 0.49–0.66%/yr), but did not change at the total hip. The rate of increase in bone mineral density at the forearm sites in the young men was significantly correlated to serum total and bioavailable estradiol and estrone levels (r = 0.22–0.35), but not with total or bioavailable testosterone levels. In the elderly men the rates of bone loss at the forearm sites were most closely associated with serum bioavailable estradiol levels (r = 0.29–0.33) rather than bioavailable testosterone levels. Moreover, elderly men with bioavailable estradiol levels below the median [40 pmol/liter (11 pg/ml)] had significantly higher rates of bone loss and levels of bone resorption markers than men with bioavailable estradiol levels above 40 pmol/liter. These data thus indicate that estrogen plays a key role both in the acquisition of peak bone mass in young men and in bone loss in elderly men. Moreover, our findings suggest that age-related decreases in bioavailable estradiol levels to below 40 pmol/liter may well be the major cause of bone loss in elderly men. This subset of men is perhaps most likely to benefit from preventive therapy.
Sodium Naphthalene. I. A New Method for the Preparation of Addition Compounds of Alkali Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (1936)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSodium Naphthalene. I. A New Method for the Preparation of Addition Compounds of Alkali Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic HydrocarbonsN. D. Scott, J. F. Walker, and V. L. HansleyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1936, 58, 12, 2442–2444Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1936Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1936https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01303a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01303a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2847Altmetric-Citations204LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cooperative safety (2008)

Governmental Transportation Authorities' interest in Car to Car and Car to Infrastructure has grown dramatically over the last few years in order to increase the road safety and reduce traffic emission.
Modeling the Effect of Maturity on the Elastic Moduli of Kerogen Using Atomistic Simulations (2019)

The\nmechanical properties of kerogen, the organic constituent of\nshale source rocks, change as it becomes progressively buried under\nsediment over geologic time. While these changes are due to both mechanical\nand chemical mechanisms, the individual impact of these mechanisms\nis poorly understood. In this work, we use atomistic models to isolate\nhow the elastic properties of kerogen change with maturity. Our results\nshow that increases in kerogen density upon burial are accommodated\nby proportional increases in the stacking of polyaromatic islands\npresent in its structure. The increased stacking leads to the formation\nof π–π stacking bonds, which correlates to the\nincreases in the elastic moduli. These results are useful for several\nreasons. First, they provide an estimate of Poisson’s ratio\nfor kerogen over a range of densities and maturities. Second, the\nresults demonstrate how atomistic modeling can be applied to gain\nnew insight into the relationship between kerogen structure and its\nmechanical properties. Third, the agreement between the elastic moduli\nmeasured via simulation and experiment shows that atomistic methods\ncan be utilized to accurately characterize kerogen, which is important\nfor building accurate rock models for hydraulic fracturing simulation.
Efficacy of Oral Cochleate-Amphotericin B in a Mouse Model of Systemic Candidiasis (2000)

Amphotericin B (AMB) remains the principal therapeutic choice for deep mycoses. However, its application is limited by toxicity and a route of administration requiring slow intravenous injection. An oral formulation of this drug is desirable to treat acute infections and provide prophylactic therapy for high-risk patients. Cochleates are a novel lipid-based delivery system that have the potential for oral administration of hydrophobic drugs. They are stable phospholipid-cation crystalline structures consisting of a spiral lipid bilayer sheet with no internal aqueous space. Cochleates containing AMB (CAMB) inhibit the growth of Candida albicans, and the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of CAMB administered orally was evaluated in a mouse model of systemic candidiasis. The results indicate that 100% of the mice treated at all CAMB doses, including a low dosage of 0.5 mg/kg of body weight/day, survived the experimental period (16 days). In contrast, 100% mortality was observed with untreated mice by day 12. The fungal tissue burden in kidneys and lungs was assessed in parallel, and a dose-dependent reduction in C. albicans from the kidneys was observed, with a maximum 3.5-log reduction in total cell counts at 2.5 mg/kg/day. However, complete clearance of the organism from the lungs, resulting in more than a 4-log reduction, was observed at the same dose. These results were comparable to a deoxycholate AMB formulation administered intraperitoneally at 2 mg/kg/day (P < 0.05). Overall, these data demonstrate that cochleates are an effective oral delivery system for AMB in a model of systemic candidiasis.
Poloidal Field Control for the Tokamak Physics Experiment (1996)

Control of the poloidal field (PF) in the Tokamak Physics Experiment (TPX) is critical to achieving its mission of advanced tokamak research. Extensive examination of the plasma equilibrium; plasma start-up; plasma position, shape, and current control; and plasma shape reconstruction have been performed as part of the design process. This paper reports the progress in this area. The PF coils have been designed to produce a wide range of plasmas. Plasma start-up can be achieved for multiple conditions. Fast plasma position control coils inside the vacuum vessel are used for short timescale control of the plasma vertical and radial position. Shape and total plasma-current control are provided by the PF coils over a slower timescale. A new algorithm for shape control of a few critical plasma boundary points is described and used in simulations using the Tokamak Simulation Code. Fast magnetostatic reconstruction of the plasma shape is examined to determine the impact of measurement locations and their quality.
Nearly rigid descriptor-based matching for volume reconstruction from histological sections (2012)

A common task in the analysis of digitized histological sections is reconstructing a volumetric representation of the original specimen. Image registration algorithms are used in this task to compensate for translational, rotational, scale, shear, and local geometric differences between slices. Various systems have been developed to perform volumetric reconstruction by registering pairs of successive slices according to rigid, similarity, affine, and/or deformable transformations. To provide a coarse initial volumetric reconstruction, rigid transformations may be too constrained, as they do not allow for scale or shear; but, affine transformations may be too flexible, enabling larger scale or shear factors than physically reflected in the histological sections. One difficulty with these systems is caused by the aperture problem; even if successive slices are registered reasonably well, the composition of transformations over tens or hundreds of slices can yield global twisting and scale and shear changes that yield a volumetric reconstruction that is significantly distorted from the shape of the true specimen. The impact of the aperture problem can be reduced by considering more than two successive images in the registration process. Systems that take this approach use global energy functions, elastic spring models, post hoc filtering/smoothing, or solutions to shortest-path problems on graphs. In this article, we propose a volume reconstruction algorithm that handles the aperture problem and yields nearly rigid transformations (i.e., affine transformations with small scale and shear factors). Our algorithm is based on robust geometric alignment of descriptive feature points (for example, using SIFT16) via constrained optimization. We will illustrate our algorithm on the task of volumetric reconstruction from histological sections of a chicken embryo with an embedded tumor spheroid.
Geochemistry and petrogenesis of metabasites from the KTB ultradeep borehole, Germany (1997)

The metabasites from the KTB pilot and main drill holes can be divided into two major associations. The first is the metagabbro-amphibolite suite which is composed principally of metagabbros, basalts, and basaltic andesites with tholeiitic P-MORB affinities. The second is the amphibolite-gneiss suite that is characterized by alternating layers of metabasites which intimately interfinger with metasedimentary rocks. Metabasites from the amphibolite-gneiss suite are alkaline, and they include metamorphosed basanites, basalts, basaltic andesites, and trachy-andesites. A distinctive subgroup of the amphibolite-gneiss suite are basanitic metabasites which are interlayered with marble. With regard to trace elements, the alkaline rocks are distinguished from the tholeiites by steeper slopes of their spidergrams and REE patterns, and distinctively higher Nb concentrations (20–50 vs 3–20 ppm). Oxygen isotope studies establish that the most primitive metabasites of both series have mantle like δ18O values between 5 and 7‰. More differentiated samples have δ18O values reaching 8‰, and some alkaline metabasites have values as high as 10.5‰ indicating extensive interaction with sedimentary material. In general, ɛNd values decrease with differentiation. Gabbroic samples from the tholeiitic suite have highest ɛNd(0) values at approximately +5, whereas andesitic samples have values as low as –5. At least three components are needed to explain the trace element and isotope trends found in the metabasites: (a) an enriched asthenospheric MORB-type mantle; (b) a within-plate plume source; and (c) continental detritus with the composition of paragneiss. Melts from the two mantle sources mixed extensively, and the andesitic rocks are those with the highest contribution from the sedimentary component. Most probably all ZEV rocks were deposited in an oceanic basin close to an active continental margin where magmas were alternately derived from a tholeiitic mantle source as well as highly enriched within-plate magma source.
ChemInform Abstract: The Discovery of Alkaloids (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Vinylogous nucleophilic catalysis. The tertiary amine promoted reaction of ethenesulfonyl chloride with alcohols (1989)

Ethenesulfonyl chloride (1) reacts with alcohols in the presence of tertiary amines to give a mixture of the alkyl ethenesulfonate (5) and the alkyl betylate (R 3 ′N + CH 2 CH 2 SO 2 OR Cl − ). With pyridine and neopentyl alcohol the product composition from the reaction of 1 is identical to that from the pyridinio-sulfonyl chloride (9). These results, when taken with experiments with deuterium labelled reagents, lead to the conclusion that the major (~80%) reaction pathway involves conversion of 1 or 9 to the sulfene 8, which reacts with the alcohol to form 5 or the betylate, and hence vinylogous nucleophilic catalysis is the major process leading to 5. The labelling experiments disclosed a minor pathway, evidently involving interconversion of 1 and 9. Examination of possible mechanisms leads to the suggestion that the sulfene is formed from 1 or 9 by way of the carbanion (14), i.e., that 9 reacts by an E1cB process, and that the minor pathway is simply the result of side reactions of the carbanion (14). Keywords: sulfenes, sulfonyl transfer mechanisms, vinylogous nucleophilic catalysis.
METABOLISM OF CREOSOTE BY CERTAIN MARINE MICRO-ORGANISMS (1962)

Abstract : Laboratory experiments showed that microorganisms present on creosoted piling in Port Hueneme harbor were found to have the ability to metabolize creosote, causing loss of creosote and producing chemical changes similar to those which occur naturally in creosote exposed in a submerged harbor environment. This metabolism appears to be restricted to the aromatic hydrocarbon components. Two of these, naphthalene and phenanthrene, were shown to be metabolized to a significant extent by certain marine microorganisms.
Expression of Lewis carbohydrate antigens in metastatic lesions from human prostatic carcinoma (1998)

BACKGROUND Monoclonal antibodies B1 and B3 react with Lewisy and related carbohydrate antigens, which are abundant in many solid tumors. These antibodies, when conjugated to a toxin, have been used to target a variety of cancers. Treatment options for advanced prostate cancer are very limited, and there is a need to develop new therapies. In this study, we have asked whether antibodies B1 and B3 react with metastatic lesions from human prostatic carcinoma. METHODS Indirect streptavidin-biotin peroxidase immunohistochemistry was performed on formalin-fixed specimens from prostate cancer metastases. A total of 6 lymph node metastatic samples from patients who did not receive endocrine treatment and specimens of 14 distant metastases from patients who failed hormonal therapy were obtained. RESULTS Of the samples, 6 lymph node and 11 distant metastases stained for B1. In the case of B3 staining, 6 lymph node and 10 distant metastatic lesions were positive. In about half of these metastatic samples, more than 40% of cells were immunoreactive with either antibody. Two metastatic samples stained neither for B1 nor for B3 antibody. In general, B1 staining intensity was stronger in samples in which more than 40% of cells were positive. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that B1 and B3 immunoconjugates could be applied to target a substantial percentage of prostate cancer metastases. Prostate 36:162–167, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Melese farri (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Arctiinae) : A new species from Jamaica (2007)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
THE RELATION OF IMMUNITY TO THE EXPERIMENTAL PRODUCTION OF ABSCESS OF THE LUNG (1927)

Holloway, John W. M.D.; Schlueter, Simon A. M.D.; Cutler, Elliott C. M.D. Author Information
Effect of fluorescently labeling protein probes on kinetics of protein-ligand reactions (2008)

We study the kinetic effect of extrinsic fluorescent labeling agents on protein-ligand binding affinity and find that the kinetics is related to the loss or change of protein function when proteins are fluorescent-labeled.
Concentrated Sodium Citrate (23%) for Catheter Lock (2000)

For chronic central venous dialysis catheters, the standard method for maintaining catheter patency between treatments is to instill (lock) catheters with 5000 – 10 000 units of heparin in each lumen. Sodium citrate (citrate) is an anticoagulant with intrinsic antibacterial activity (at 20% concentration or higher). Citrate has only transient anticoagulant effects if accidentally infused to the patient. Prior studies of citrate as a catheter lock solution have utilized citrate concentrations of 1% in combination with 27 mg/mL gentamicin. We changed clinical protocols for catheter locks using various solutions, including concentrated citrate, in a dialysis unit with 50% of patients having chronic central venous catheters [40 catheters total, mostly Ash Split Cath (Medcomp, Harleysville, PA, U.S.A.) but some Tesio (Medcomp) and Hickman (BARD, Salt Lake City, UT, U.S.A.) catheters]. At 3- to 4-month intervals, the standard catheter lock solution for the unit was varied on the following schedule: heparin; 10% citrate with 3 mg/mL gentamicin; 20% citrate with 3 mg/mL gentamicin; heparin; and 23% citrate. Catheters were not routinely removed during treatment of bacteremia. Incidence of bacteremia in patients with catheters using heparin as catheter lock was 4.32 episodes per 3000 patient-days (equivalent to percent of patients with catheters having bacteremia per month). The incidence of bacteremia decreased to 1.68 using 20% citrate/gentamicin as catheter lock (p < 0.05) and to 0% with 47% citrate (p < 0.05). Incidence of bacteremia increased on return to heparin and decreased again with use of 23% citrate to 1.79 (p < 0.05). Use of urokinase for occluded catheters also significantly decreased with citrate during the time that it was available (p = 0.02). Life table analysis indicated an 83% survival of Ash Split Cath catheters at 1 year, in this unit. Concentrated citrate is an effective catheter lock solution that may provide prolonged central venous catheter use with a diminution in catheter-related infections and occlusion.
Complement consumption in eggwhite and fish sensitivity (1981)

A case of eggwhite allergy and a case of fish allergy, where complement-fixation by thermostable IgG-class antibody was positive at extremely high antigen dilutions are described. The antibody in eggwhite allergy was of the precipitating variety and the C-fixation phenomenon was not related to the presence or absence of IgE antibody.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Microwave‐Assisted Suzuki Coupling on Solid‐Phase. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
P03.07: Premature rupture of membranes before 24 weeks. Role of amniotic fluid volume in maternal and neonatal outcome (2004)

To determinate the relationship between amniotic fluid level measurements and perinatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated with preterm premature rupture of membranes. Inclusion criteria: singleton pregnancies, preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) before 24 weeks diagnosed in our Institution from December 2000 to March 2004. Deepest pool of amniotic fluid (DAF) was assessed weekly. If DAF was < 1.0 cm in two evaluations, termination of pregnancy (TOP) or amniopatch was offered. If DAF was > 1.0 cm, expectant management was considered. Perinatal and maternal outcomes were evaluated. The diagnosis of amnionitis was made by strict clinical or pathologic criteria. A total of 45 singleton pregnancies were included: Pregnancies complicated with premature rupture of membranes before fetal viability have a high risk of perinatal mortality and maternal and neonatal morbidity. Premature rupture of membranes before 24 weeks management is a dilemma; although pregnancy prolongation occurs in many cases, neonatal outcomes remain poor. However, prolongation of pregnancy seems to be correlated with amniotic fluid volume.
(Z)-3-(2-Nitrophenyl)-2-(4-methylphenyl)acrylonitrile (2004)

(2Z)-3-(2-Nitrophenyl)-2-(4-methylphenyl)acrylonitrile (3) was prepared by Knoevenagel condensation of 2-nitrobenzaldehyde 1 and 4-methylphenylacetonitrile 2 in ethanol using KOH as a base [1,2].[...]
Climbing Fibre Responses in Olivo‐cerebellar Slice Cultures. I. Microelectrode Recordings from Purkinje Cells (1990)

Cerebellar slices prepared from newborn rats were co-cultured with slices derived from the inferior olive of 4-day-old rats. After several weeks in vitro olivary fibres projecting into the cerebellar tissue could be assessed by anterograde labelling with the fluorescent dye 1,1-dioctadecyl-3,3,3,3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (Dil). Following electrical field stimulation of the olivary tissue, all-or-nothing complex spikes were generated in Purkinje cells, which closely resembled climbing fibre responses as seen in situ. These responses were completely and reversibly abolished by 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2-3-dione (CNQX, 5 microM), an antagonist of non-N-methyl-d-aspartate excitatory amino acid receptors. Wash in of smaller concentrations of CNQX (0.5 - 2 microM) resulted in a graded dose-dependent depression of the climbing fibre-induced postsynaptic potentials and in a consecutive failure of distinct active components of the complex spikes. With climbing fibre synaptic transmission blocked by CNQX, complex spike-like potentials could, however, still be evoked by intrasomatic injection of depolarizing current pulses. Increasing the concentration of Mg2+ in the bathing solution from 0.5 to up to 8 mM depressed regenerative complex-spike components. Olivary stimulation elicited only monophasic postsynaptic potentials in Purkinje cells under these conditions. These observations indicate that voltage-gated conductances which are substantially involved in the generation of the complex spike, are gated by the climbing fibre synaptic depolarization rather than directly by the climbing fibre transmitter.
<title>Application of machine vision technology to the development of aids for the visually impaired</title> (1994)

This paper presents an experimental system for the combination of three areas of visual cues to aid recognition. The research is aimed at investigating the possibility of using this combination of information for scene description for the visually impaired. The areas identified as providing suitable visual cues are motion, shape and color. The combination of these provide a significant amount of information for recognition and description purposes by machine vision equipment and also allow the possibility of giving the user a more complete description of their environment. Research and development in the application of machine vision technologies to rehabilitative technologies has generally concentrated on utilizing a single visual cue. A novel method for the combination of techniques and technologies successful in machine vision is being explored. Work to date has concentrated on the integration of shape recognition, motion tracking, color extraction, speech synthesis, symbolic programming and auditory imaging of colors.