gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Niacin, an Old Drug, has New Effects on Central Nervous System Disease (2010)

Increased serum cholesterol and decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level in serum and cerebro-spinal fluid is a risk factor for the development of Alzheimer disease, and also a predictor of cardiovascular events and stroke in epidemiologic studies. Niacin (vitamin B 3 or nicotinic acid) is the most effective medication in current clinical use for increasing HDL cholesterol and it substantially lowers triglycerides and LDL cholesterol. This review provides an update on the role of the increasing HDL cholesterol agent, niacin, as a neuroprotective and neurorestorative agent which promotes angiogenesis and arteriogenesis after stroke and improves neurobehavioral recovery following central nervous system diseases such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. The mechanisms underlying the niacin induced neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects after stroke are discussed. The primary focus of this review is on stroke, with shorter discussion on Alzheimer disease and multiple sclerosis.
Halogenated analogues of mycophenolic acid (1973)

Halogenated analogues of mycophenolic acid (I) were produced by cultures of Penicillium brevicompactum fed respectively with 4-bromo-5,7-dihydroxy-phthalide (V) and 4-chloro-5,7-dihydroxyphthalide (VI).
Role of Individual Ionic Current Systems in the SA Node Hypothesized by a Model Study (2003)

This paper discusses the development of a cardiac sinoatrial (SA) node pacemaker model. The model successfully reconstructs the experimental action potentials at various concentrations of external Ca2+ and K+. Increasing the amplitude of L-type Ca2+ current (I(CaL)) prolongs the duration of the action potential and thereby slightly decreases the spontaneous rate. On the other hand, a negative voltage shift of I(CaL) gating by a few mV markedly increases the spontaneous rate. When the amplitude of sustained inward current (I(st)) is increased, the spontaneous rate is increased irrespective of the I(CaL) amplitude. Increasing [Ca2+](o) shortens the action potential and increases the spontaneous rate. When the spontaneous activity is stopped by decreasing I(CaL) amplitude, the resting potential is nearly constant (-35 mV) over 1-15 mM [K+](o) as observed in the experiment. This is because the conductance of the inward background non-selective cation current balances with the outward [K+](o)-dependent K+ conductance. The unique role of individual voltage- and time-dependent ion channels is clearly demonstrated and distinguished from that of the background current by calculating an instantaneous zero current potential ("lead potential") during the course of the spontaneous activity.
LACK of IRON Binding by Pixantrone IS ASSOCIATED with Reduced PRODUCTION of Reactive Oxygen SPECIES and Myoctye Cytotoxicity IN VITRO. (2009)

Abstract Abstract 4806 Introduction Pixantrone (PIX), an aza-anthracenedione, which has successfully completed a phase 3 trial (J Clin Oncol 2009; 27:15s, No. 8523) was designed to enhance clinical efficacy while significantly decreasing cardiotoxicity compared to doxorubicin (DOX) and mitoxantrone (MIT). Multidose administration, in animal models of equitoxic doses of PIX, MIT, and DOX, with or without prior therapy with DOX, resulted in minimal evidence for PIX cardiotoxicity compared with the severe histologic lesions seen with these other agents (Cavaletti et al: Investigational New Drugs 2007; 3:187-95). Both DOX and MIT contain a dihydroquinone structural element known to interact with iron. Additionally, DOX contains an aliphatic ketone which, once metabolized to the corresponding secondary alcohol metabolite doxorubicinol, is implicated in release of free iron and the chronic cardiotoxicity observed with DOX. In contrast, PIX has a nitrogen containing heterocycle which replaces the dihydroquinone, forming an aza-anthracenedione structure. PIX also does not contain an aliphatic ketone and cannot form metabolites analogous to doxorubicinol. Methods To validate the proposed mechanisms underlying the observed differences in cardiotoxicity, we used established spectrophotometric techniques to quantify iron:drug interactions that are thought to be mechanistic for chronic doxorubicin cardiotoxicity (Menna et al: Cardiovasc Toxicol 2007; 7:80–85). Results Adding increasing amounts of iron to drug solution, we observed that DOX and MIT underwent changes in visible range absorbance patterns, characteristic of drug:iron complex formation, confirming the expected 1:3 Fe(II)-drug ratio for both DOX and MIT. In contrast, no spectrophotometric changes were observed with iron added to PIX, clearly demonstrating that PIX does not bind iron. In vitro studies using H2C9 rat myocardial cells indicate that PIX (ID50 >50 μg/ml) is far less toxic than DOX (ID50= 1 μ/ml). Moreover, PIX does not induce significant reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the H2C9 cells compared to DOX. Conclusion These results demonstrate that PIX does not bind iron and that its inability to bind iron and its reduced propensity to generate ROS may be the mechanism for reduced PIX cardiotoxicity in animal models compared to DOX or MIT. Disclosures: McKennon: Cell Therapeutics, Inc: Employment. Singer:Cell Therapeutics, Inc: Employment.
PD-1 and IL-10: partners in crime against anti-tumor immunity in ovarian cancer. (TUM9P.1011) (2015)

Abstract PD-1: PD-L1 is a major inhibitory axis that acts to suppress tumor-rejecting effector responses. In addition to its expression and inhibitory functions in T and B cells; PD-1 has also been shown to be expressed on and thereby impact the functions of cells of innate arm such as dendritic cells (DCs) primarily at the tumor site but not in the periphery. We show here that one of the culprits in the tumor microenvironment responsible for enhancing PD-1 expression on the tumor-associated DCs is the cytokine IL-10; which is expressed in abundance in many malignancies including ovarian cancer. Based on inhibition and knockdown studies, we show that IL-10 mediated PD-1 expression depends on STAT3 activation. Using murine model of ovarian carcinoma (ID8), we show that tumor-associated DCs express not only high levels of PD-1 on the surface but also have increased expression of STAT-3 and p-STAT3 compared to splenic DCs. Blockade of PD-1 on DCs led to increased production of IL-10 which correlated with a further increase in PD-1 expression. In in vivo studies, blockade of PD-1 and IL-10 neutralization as combination therapy augmented the anti-tumor response in ID8 ovarian tumor bearing mice; leading to a decrease in tumor mass and a significant increase in survival. These results show that IL-10 and PD-1 pathway intersect in DCs in theTME hence making them attractive targets for therapy of ovarian cancer.
New trends in CLL treatment. (1987)

We review here results obtained from the various treatment modalities that have been used in CLL patients: chemotherapy; radiotherapy; splenectomy; leukapheresis; monoclonal antibodies and other immunomodulating agents. We conclude that it is still unclear whether patients in stage A (good prognosis) should be treated; intermediate forms of the disease (stage B) should, in most cases, be treated, but a better treatment than chlorambucil has not emerged; results from the Cooperative Group on CLL of Société Française d'Hématologie indicate that significant progress in the therapy of the advanced stage (stage C) has been achieved with the introduction of the CHOP regimen, using low doses of adriamycin; radiotherapy, splenectomy and immunomodulators such as levamizol, interleukins or interferons, and possibly monoclonal antibodies, are now being actively tested; the results are not yet conclusive.
Anodic stripping voltammetry of lead, cadmium and zinc in the presence of copper with an ion-exchange column (1994)

The determination of lead, cadmium and zinc by anodic stripping voltammetry is made difficult by the presence of large amounts of copper. For lead, ordinarily, 0.10 mg l–1 of lead is totally suppressed by the presence of 100 mg l–1 of copper (molar ratio of copper to lead = 3261.5) owing to the very high background currents brought about by undissolved copper atoms. For zinc and cadmium, intermetallic compound formation occurs, which affects the stripping peak currents of both metals. In this work, on-line ion-exchange separation was used prior to differential-pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) for the determination of lead, zinc and cadmium in the presence of excess of copper. A commercially available resin, Dowex XFS 43084, allowed suppression of the copper stripping peak. An additional use of the ion-exchange column is to extend the useful range of DPASV for the determination of copper to the millimolar range.
Anandamide Uptake Is Consistent with Rate-limited Diffusion and Is Regulated by the Degree of Its Hydrolysis by Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (2006)

The uptake of arachidonoyl ethanolamide (anandamide, AEA) in rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL-2H3) has been proposed to occur via a saturable transporter that is blocked by specific inhibitors. Measuring uptake at 25 s, when fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) does not appreciably affect uptake, AEA accumulated via a nonsaturable mechanism at 37 degrees C. Interestingly, saturation was observed when uptake was plotted using unbound AEA at 37 degrees C. Such apparent saturation can be explained by rate-limited delivery of AEA through an unstirred water layer surrounding the cells (1). In support of this, we observed kinetics consistent with rate-limited diffusion at 0 degrees C. Novel transport inhibitors have been synthesized that are either weak FAAH inhibitors or do not inhibit FAAH in vitro (e.g. UCM707, OMDM2, and AM1172). In the current study, none of these purported AEA transporter inhibitors affected uptake at 25 s. Longer incubation times illuminate downstream events that drive AEA uptake. Unlike the situation at 25 s, the efficacy of these inhibitors was unmasked at 5 min with appreciable inhibition of AEA accumulation correlating with partial inhibition of AEA hydrolysis. The uptake and hydrolysis profiles observed with UCM707, VDM11, OMDM2, and AM1172 mirrored two selective and potent FAAH inhibitors CAY10400 and URB597 (at low concentrations), indicating that weak inhibition of FAAH can have a pronounced effect upon AEA uptake. At 5 min, the putative transport inhibitors did not reduce AEA uptake in FAAH chemical knock-out cells. This strongly suggests that the target of UCM707, VDM11, OMDM2, and AM1172 is not a transporter at the plasma membrane but rather FAAH, or an uncharacterized intracellular component that delivers AEA to FAAH. This system is therefore unique among neuro/immune modulators because AEA, an uncharged hydrophobic molecule, diffuses into cells and partial inhibition of FAAH has a pronounced effect upon its uptake.
Influence of different input parameters on the contact conditions determing the surface integrity of workpieces in an unguided vibratory finishing process (2018)

The contact force and the relativevelocitybetween workpiece and abrasive media in a vibratory finishing have a strong effect on the material removal rate and the surface roughness of the machined workpieces. Both, the contact force as well as the relative velocity, are mainly influenced by the characteristics of the abrasive media type used as well as the geometry and the density of the workpieces. Furthermore, major influence factors on the contact conditions between the workpiece and abrasive media are the input parameters of the vibratory finishing machine, e.g. the mass distribution between the upper and the lower imbalance weights, the offset angle between the imbalance weights and the rotational speed. In order to determine the influence of the abrasive media and the workpiece characteristics as well as the different input parameters of the machine on the contact conditions, two measurement systems in the form of a camera-integrated workpiece and a workpiece with an integrated piezoelectric sensor have been used. The completely wireless construction of the measurement systems enabled the measurement of the contact force as well as the relative velocity without the influence of wires for data transfers and electrical power supply. The results have shown that the contact force as well as the relative velocityand therefore the surface integrity of the machined workpieces are mainly effected by the adjustments of the rotational speed and the size of the abrasive media.
Cerebral microbleeds, retinopathy, and dementia (2010)

Having multiple CMBs or concomitant CMBs and retinopathy is associated with a profile of vascular cognitive impairment. These findings suggest that microvascular damage, as indicated by CMBs and retinopathy lesions, has functional consequences in older men and women living in the community.
Effect of Friction and Leak-Off on Fracture Parameters Calculated from Hydraulic Impedance Testing (1998)

Effect of Friction and Leak-Off on Fracture Parameters Calculated form Hydraulic M.Y. Soliman; M.Y. Soliman Halliburton Energy Services Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar M. Azari M. Azari Halliburton Energy Services Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Paper presented at the SPE India Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, New Delhi, India, February 1998. Paper Number: SPE-39529-MS https://doi.org/10.2118/39529-MS Published: February 17 1998 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Get Permissions Search Site Citation Soliman, M.Y., and M. Azari. "Effect of Friction and Leak-Off on Fracture Parameters Calculated form Hydraulic." Paper presented at the SPE India Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, New Delhi, India, February 1998. doi: https://doi.org/10.2118/39529-MS Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll ProceedingsSociety of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)SPE Oil and Gas India Conference and Exhibition Search Advanced Search AbstractHydraulic impedance may be used to determine fracture geometry, length and height. However, the models for analysis of impedance tests presented in literature usually ignore the effect of friction and fluid leak-off. This paper presents and solves an impedance testing model that considers the effects of friction and fracturing fluid leak-off. A test that has been presented in literature has been analyzed, and this paper will show from this analysis that ignoring these two factors may cause a significant error in estimating fracture parameters.P. 245 Keywords: impedance test, geometry, hydraulic impedance, fracture height, fracture, impedance, fracture length, coefficient, upstream oil & gas, dimension Subjects: Hydraulic Fracturing This content is only available via PDF. 1998. Society of Petroleum Engineers You can access this article if you purchase or spend a download.
The flora of Dumfriesshire, including part of the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright, by G.F. Scott-Elliot. Assisted by J. M'Andrew [and others] (1896)

1896.
Meiosis progression and donor age affect expression profile of DNA repair genes in bovine oocytes (2013)

Several genetic and physiological factors increase the risk of DNA damage in mammalian oocytes. Two critical events are: (i) meiosis progression, from maturation to fertilization, due to extensive chromatin remodelling during genome decondensation; and (ii) aging, which is associated with a progressive oxidative stress. In this work, we studied the transcriptional patterns of three genes, RAD51, APEX-1 and MLH1, involved in DNA repair mechanisms. The analyses were performed by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) in immature and in vitro matured oocytes collected from 17 ± 3-month-old heifers and 94 ± 20-month-old cows. Batches of 30-50 oocytes for each group (three replicates) were collected from ovarian follicles of slaughtered animals. The oocytes were freed from cumulus cells at the time of follicle removal, or after in vitro maturation (IVM) carried out in M199 supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, 10 IU luteinising hormone (LH)/ml, 0.1 IU follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)/ml and 1 μg 17β-oestradiol/ml. Total RNA was extracted by Trizol method. The expression of bovine GAPDH gene was used as the internal standard, while primers for bovine RAD51, APEX-1 and MLH1 genes were designed from DNA sequences retrieved from GenBank. Results obtained indicate a clear up-regulation of RAD51, APEX-1 and MLH1 genes after IVM, ranging between two- and four-fold compared with germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes. However, only RAD51 showed a significant transcript increase between the immature oocytes collected from young or old individuals. This finding highlights RAD51 as a candidate gene marker for discriminating bovine immature oocytes in relation to the donor age.
[Cartilage-specific autoimmunity in otosclerosis]. (1993)

The otic capsule of patients with otosclerosis contains premature bone with numerous cartilaginous remnants. Some investigators have proposed that the pathogenesis of otosclerosis is related to these cartilaginous rests in the otic capsule. In this study we investigated the presence of a humoral immune reaction against cartilage-specific antigens using ELISA-methods in patients with otosclerosis. Concomitantly, 8 age- and sex-matched healthy blood donors, free of any symptoms of autoimmune disease, served as controls. The following antigen substrates were used: collagen (I, II, III, VI, IX and XI), chondrocytes and chondrocyte membranes. Findings then showed that the levels of antibodies to collagens type II and IX as well as to chondrocytes were higher in the otosclerosis patients than in the control subjects. The high titer of antibodies against chondrocytes was not accompanied by an increase in antibodies against the chondrocyte membranes. To our knowledge these observations represent the first evidence for the existence of autoantibodies against minor collagens and chondrocyte-specific antigens and support a possible role for a cartilage-specific autoimmunity in the etiopathogenesis of otosclerosis.
Tunneling Ionization of Autolocalized<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>DX</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>Centers in Terahertz Fields (1995)

Tunneling ionization of ${\mathrm{DX}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ centers in ${\mathrm{Al}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{Sb}$ has been observed in terahertz radiation fields. Tunneling times have been measured for autolocalized and on-site deep impurities. It is shown that in one case the tunneling time is smaller and in the other larger than the reciprocal temperature multiplied by a universal constant due to the different tunneling trajectories. This allows one to distinguish in a direct way between the two types of configuration potentials of impurities.
Discrete photonics resonator in coupled waveguide arrays (2014)

We demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally that discrete diffraction resonance can be designed, fabricated, and successfully probed in functionalized - guidonic - coupled waveguide arrays. We evidence that double-barrier patterning of the coupling creates wavelength-independent angular tunnel resonance in the transmitted and the reflected intensity of light beams freely propagating in the plane of the array. Transmission peaks obtained are associated with resonant excitation of the engineered array bound supermodes of the functionalized array, in agreement with accurate and practical numerical modeling based on extended coupled-mode theory. The linear operation of the guidonic resonant tunneling double barrier makes up an original resonator for discrete photonics, suitable for all-optical control of light.
Noise modelling for broadband amplifier design (1981)

We consider in this paper the derivation of input equivalent noise voltages and currents for both feedback and nonfeedback amplifier configurations. In the case of feedback amplifiers, a greatly simplified, approximate analysis is utilised and the accuracy of the approximation established. For low-noise amplifiers, a systematic design approach based on input equivalent noise sources is outlined. The relationship between the dual-input equivalent noise voltage and current sources is also established and a design example presented.
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (2006)

No effective treatment currently exists for this progressive disorder. However, recent progress in cancer and smooth muscle cell biology and a better understanding of the factors regulating angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis may provide a foundation for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
Condensation energy and spectral functions in high-temperature superconductors (2000)

If high-temperature cuprate superconductivity is due to electronic correlations, then the energy difference between the normal and superconducting states can be expressed in terms of the occupied part of the single-particle spectral function. The latter can, in principle, be determined from angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) data. As a consequence, the energy gain driving the development of the superconducting state is intimately related to the dramatic changes in the photoemission line shape when going below ${T}_{c}.$ These points are illustrated in the context of the ``mode'' model used to fit ARPES data in the normal and superconducting states, where the question of kinetic-energy versus potential-energy-driven superconductivity is explored in detail. We use our findings to comment on the relation of ARPES data to the condensation energy and to various other experimental data. In particular, our results suggest that the nature of the superconducting transition is strongly related to how anomalous (non-Fermi-liquid-like) the normal-state spectral function is and, as such, is dependent upon the doping level.
Identification of Drug Metabolites (2012)

Abstract The elucidation of chemical structures of drug metabolites is a key endeavor in the research on new drugs. The data can be useful both in the early drug design processes and later in the drug development process. In this chapter, the methods used to elucidate metabolite structures are described, including sample generation, sample processing procedures, mass spectrometry, and NMR spectroscopy.
Recurrent Hyperthyroidism in an Acromegalic Patient Previously Treated with Proton Beam Irradiation: Graves’ Disease as Probable Etiology Based on Follow-Up Observations (1976)

A 56-year-old woman presented in 1973 with hyperthyroidism and partial anterior pituitary insufficiency. Three years before she had undergone pituitary irradiation for acromegaly and hyperthyroidism, the latter was attributed at the time to excessive TSH secretion because of elevations in plasma TSH. During the present 11/2 years of observation, TSH levels were appropriately low and did not respond to iv TRH when the patient was hyperthyroid. Moreover, they did not rise during treatment, even as the patient became borderline hypothyroid. It is concluded that hyperthyroidism probably has always been due to Graves' disease.
Combining passive‐ and active‐matrix addressing of LCDs (1996)

Abstract— A combination of passive‐ and active‐matrix addressing is proposed by dividing the ITO columns of a passive‐matrix LCD in parts, thus only covering a group of rows. The ITO parts are connected to metal columns via TFTs. This leads to a significantly smaller number of TFTs, as compared to an active‐matrix LCD. The proposed system may either be driven as a switched passive matrix (SPM) with a low multiplexing factor, or as a multiplexed active matrix (MAM) by holding the voltages. The number of row connections may be decreased by connecting the corresponding ITO rows of a number of groups. Both row‐at‐a‐time addressing and multiple‐row selection with orthonormal waveforms may be used for both driving methods.