gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HapMap Project (2008)

Abstract The inception of the International Haplotype Map Project ( http://www.hapmap.org/ ) and completion of stages I and II of this project has led to the production and public dissemination of a map of patterns of human genetic diversity in four populations; Japanese from Tokyo, Central Europeans from Utah, Han Chinese and Yorubans from Nigeria. These data present unprecedented opportunities in human genetics; they provide invaluable information on human evolutionary history and for the first time present a roadmap for mapping genetic variability that underlies complex traits. The invention and application of ultra‐high throughput genotyping technologies is beginning to realize this latter goal, even in the early days of this effort the HapMap Project is proving worth the time and resources invested thus far.
A Rejoinder: [Goal Specificity, Organizational Structure, and Participant Commitment in Churches] (1974)

Journal Article A Rejoinder Get access John H. Scalf, John H. Scalf University of North Carolina At Wilmington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Michael J. Miller, Michael J. Miller Virginia Commonwealth University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Charles W. Thomas Charles W. Thomas College of William and Mary Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Sociology of Religion, Volume 35, Issue 1, Spring 1974, Pages 68–69, https://doi.org/10.2307/3710345 Published: 01 March 1974
Metabolism of [2-14C]acetate and its use in assessing hepatic Krebs cycle activity and gluconeogenesis. (1991)

To examine the fate of the carbons of acetate and to evaluate the usefulness of labeled acetate in assessing intrahepatic metabolic processes during gluconeogenesis, [2-14C]acetate, [2-14C]ethanol, and [1-14C]ethanol were infused into normal subjects fasted 60 h and given phenyl acetate. Distributions of 14C in the carbons of blood glucose and glutamate from urinary phenylacetylglutamine were determined. With [2-14C]acetate and [2-14C]ethanol, carbon 1 of glucose had about twice as much 14C as carbon 3. Carbon 2 of glutamate had about twice as much 14C as carbon 1 and one-half to one-third as much as carbon 4. There was only a small amount in carbon 5. These distributions are incompatible with the metabolism of [2-14C]acetate being primarily in liver. Therefore, [2-14C]acetate cannot be used to study Krebs cycle metabolism in liver and in relationship to gluconeogenesis, as has been done. The distributions can be explained by: (a) fixation of 14CO2 from [2-14C]acetate in the formation of the 14C-labeled glucose and glutamate in liver and (b) the formation of 14C-labeled glutamate in a second site, proposed to be muscle. [1,3-14C]Acetone formation from the [2-14C]acetate does not contribute to the distributions, as evidenced by the absence of 14C in carbons 2-4 of glutamate after [1-14C]ethanol administration.
<title>Simultaneous measurements of vector components of displacement by ESPI and FFT techniques</title> (1995)

To measure a number of components of displacement with electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI), multiple interferograms are usually captured in succession for different sensitivity vectors. Simultaneous measurement of a number of orthogonal components of displacement using ESPI can be carried out by application of the Fourier transform method. An object is illuminated by several object beams, and the scattered light is combined with one reference beam to form a first speckle image. After providing different tilts to the object beams, a second speckle image is recorded. A third speckle image is then recorded with the object loaded. The difference of the first and second images contains a set of straight carrier fringes. The difference of the first and third images contains a corresponding separate set of modulated carrier fringes due to the loading. The Fourier transforms of these two difference images show multiple peaks which correspond to the carrier fringes of the different object beams. By appropriately masking the corresponding peaks in the two Fourier transforms, the different sets of carrier fringes for the loaded and unloaded object configurations, can be separated. The phase corresponding to the different orthogonal components of displacement can then be retrieved from the ratios of the real to imaginary parts of the two inverse Fourier transforms of each filtered peak. An example of the measurement is presented.
The carboxyl terminus of the chemokine receptor CCR3 contains distinct domains which regulate chemotactic signaling and receptor down‐regulation in a ligand‐dependent manner (2005)

The chemokine receptor CCR3 regulates the chemotaxis of leukocytes implicated in allergic disease, such as eosinophils. Incubation of eosinophils with CCL11, CCL13 or CCL5 resulted in a rapid decrease of cell-surface CCR3 which was replicated using CCR3 transfectants. Progressive truncation of the CCR3 C terminus by 15 amino acids produced three constructs, Delta340, Delta325 and Delta310. Delta340 and Delta325 were able to bind CCL11 with affinities similar to wild-type CCR3. Delta340 transfectants exhibited enhanced migration and reduced receptor down-regulation in response to CCL11 and CCL13. Delta325 transfectants displayed chemotactic responses to CCL11 and CCL13 similar to wild-type CCR3, and had impaired down-regulation when stimulated with CCL13 but not CCL11. In contrast, neither the Delta325 nor Delta340 truncation affected chemotaxis or receptor down-regulation induced by CCL5. Delta310 transfectants bound CCL11 poorly and were biologically inactive. Inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and PI3-kinase antagonized eosinophil shape change responses and chemotaxis of transfectants to CCL11 and CCL13. In contrast, shape change but not chemotaxis was sensitive to inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase pathway suggesting differential regulation of the two responses. Thus, the CCR3 C terminus contains distinct domains responsible for the regulation of receptor desensitization and for coupling to chemotactic responses.
The development of a novel biomechatronic hand-ongoing research and preliminary results (2002)

An ideal upper limb prosthesis should be perceived as part of the natural body by the amputee and should replicate sensory-motor capabilities of the amputated limb. However, such an ideal cybernetic prosthesis is still far from reality: current prosthetic hands are simple grippers with one or two degrees of freedom, which barely restore the capability of the thumb-index pinch. The paper describes the design and fabrication of a prosthetic hand based on a biomechatronic and cybernetic approach. Our approach is aimed at providing natural sensory-motor coordination to the amputee, by integrating biomimetic mechanisms, sensors, actuators and control, and by interfacing the hand with the peripheral nervous system.
Immunization with neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor induces neurological autoimmune disease (2003)

Neuronal nicotinic AChRs (nAChRs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of diverse neurological disorders and in the regulation of small-cell lung carcinoma growth. Twelve subunits have been identified in vertebrates, and mutations of one are recognized in a rare form of human epilepsy. Mice with genetically manipulated neuronal nAChR subunits exhibit behavioral or autonomic phenotypes.
Recent experiments with liquid gallium cooling of crystal diffraction opticsa) (1992)

The x-ray beams for the next generation of synchrotrons will contain much more power (1–10 kW) than is available at present day facilities. Cooling the first optical components in these beam lines will require the best cooling technology that one can bring to bear. Argonne continues to pioneer the use of liquid metals as the cooling fluid and has adopted liquid gallium as the liquid metal of choice. Its low melting point, 29.7 °C and its very low vapor pressure make it an easy fluid to handle and its high thermal conductivity and heat capacity make it an excellent cooling fluid. A series of experiments were performed during April 1991 with the wiggler beam at the F2 station of the CHESS facility at Cornell to investigate the cooling of large areas of high power. Two types of cooling crystal geometries were tested. One where the cooling channels were core drilled just below the surface of the crystal and a second where slots were cut into the crystal just below the surface with a diamond saw. Both crystals performed well with photon beam powers up to 1050 W and power densities of up to 14.5 W/mm2 at normal incidence. An infrared camera was used to measure the variation in the temperature of the top layer of the silicon crystals. For the core-drilled crystal the peak temperature measured at the center of the beam at a power density of 12.3 W/mm2 was 15 °C hotter than the crystal surface outside of the beam with a flow of liquid gallium of 2 gpm (gallons per minute) and was 10 °C with a flow of 4 gpm. The maximum distortion of the crystal surface distortion of the core-drilled crystal was about ±2.0 arcsec for the 2 gpm case with a maximum power density of 10.9 W/mm2 and about 5% of the expected beam intensity was lost at peak power of 14.5 W/mm2. For the slotted crystal the peak temperature difference for a peak power of 10.9 W/mm2 was 3.5 °C and 2.0 °C for liquid gallium flows of 1 gpm and 2 gpm, respectively. No intensity loss was measured for the maximum power density of 14.5 W/mm2. The fact that the peak temperature difference on the surface of both crystals was decreasing with increased flow of liquid gallium suggests that even higher power densities can be accommodated with higher flows of liquid gallium.
Immunological Quantitation of Hepatic Tryptophan Oxygenase in Endotoxin-Poisoned Mice (1973)

An apparent inhibition of induction of mouse hepatic tryptophan oxygenase by endotoxin has been reported previously, as evidenced by low catalytic activity. This could be due either to decreased tryptophan oxygenase levels or to inactivation of existing enzyme molecules. To resolve this question, the enzyme was quantitated immunologically in control and endotoxin-poisoned mice. Tryptophan oxygenase was purified and used as an antigen to prepare antienzyme antibodies. The antiserum was shown to be monospecific by immuno-electrophoresis. Addition of the antiserum to high-speed supernatant fluids of liver homogenates of control or endotoxin-poisoned mice resulted in precipitation of the enzyme. Radial immunodiffusion assays revealed that there was less enzyme in livers of mice that received 1 mean lethal dose of endotoxin. It was concluded that endotoxin interfered with the synthetic process that results in enhanced levels of tryptophan oxygenase.
The Use of Moore Swabs for Isolation of Salmonella typhi from Irrigation Water in Santiago, Chile (1984)

In Chile, a country with an exceedingly high incidence of typhoid, untreated sewage is applied directly to fields where salad vegetables are cultivated. Water used for irrigation was examined for the presence of Salmonella typhi, by making use of the sewer-swab technique. S typhi was isolated in 8 (11%) of 76 irrigation samples examined from nonindustrial, polluted water. This supports the hypothesis that crops grown with water contaminated with feces are important vehicles in the transmission of S typhi in this endemic area. Since sewage treatment plants will not be available in Santiago in the near future, emphasis is being placed on devising alternative methods of irrigation and on growing vegetables that are cooked before being eaten.
All-electron ab-initio molecular dynamics (2000)

We present an all-electron implementation of the Gaussian and augmented plane wave density functional method (GAPW method), which allows ab-initio density functional calculations for periodic and non-periodic systems. The GAPW method uses a Gaussian basis set to expand the Kohn–Sham orbitals, whereas an augmented plane wave basis set is introduced as an auxiliary basis set to expand the electronic charge density. The results of the all-electron calculations for a representative set of small molecules are reported to demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of the GAPW method. Furthermore, its performance is shown for some larger systems, including calculations on unbranched alkane chains up to n-C100H202 with 1804 basis functions and a fully hydrated crystalline RNA duplex (sodium guanylyl-3′-5′-cytidine nonahydrate) with 368 atoms and 3168 basis functions. Finally, as a first test an all-electron ab-initio molecular dynamics (MD) run was performed for 32 water molecules in a simple cubic box under ambient conditions. A standard single processor workstation (IBM 397) was used for all the presented calculations.
Adenosine A2A Receptor Up-Regulates Retinal Wave Frequency via Starburst Amacrine Cells in the Developing Rat Retina (2014)

A(2A)R up-regulates the frequency of retinal waves via presynaptic SACs, requiring its full-length protein structure. Thus, by coupling with the downstream intracellular signaling, A(2A)R may have a great capacity to modulate patterned spontaneous activity during neural circuit refinement.
A Markov Chain-Based Testability Growth Model With a Cost-Benefit Function (2015)

In this paper, we propose a Markov chain-based testability growth model (TGM) for the just in-time fix program. This model can help the system designers to manage the testability growth process during system maturation. We also derive a cost-benefit model for allocating test resources to optimize a specified testability metric subject to a constraint on cumulative test cost. Bayesian inference, coupled with a hybrid genetic and particle swarm optimization method, is used to estimate the parameters of the TGM from evolving data, and the resulting model is utilized to track and project the testability metric. A near-optimal Lagrangian relaxation-based algorithm is applied to solve the test resource allocation problem. The testability growth and resource allocation models are validated via simulation examples. Results show that the model and algorithms presented in this paper have the potential to efficiently manage the testability growth problem.
Measurement of wall relaxation times of polarized 3He in bulk liquid 4He for the Neutron Electric Dipole Moment experiment (2010)

The Neutron Electric Dipole Moment (nEDM) experiment that will take place at\nthe Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) in Oak Ridge, Tennessee will measure the electric\ndipole moment (EDM) of the neutron with a precision of order 10-28 e-cm, utilizing spinpolarized\n3He in bulk liquid 4He to detect neutron precession in a 10 mG magnetic field\nand 50 kV/cm electric field. Since depolarized 3He will produce a background,\nrelaxation of the polarized 3He, characterized by the probability of depolarization per\nbounce, Pd , was measured for materials that will be in contact with polarized 3He.\nDepolarization probabilities were determined from measurements of the\nlongitudinal relaxation time of polarized 3He in bulk liquid 4He inside an acrylic cell\ncoated with the wavelength shifter deuterated tetraphenyl butadiene (d-TPB), which\nwill be used to coat the nEDM measurement cell. Relaxation measurements were also\nperformed while rods, made from plumbing material Torlon and valve bellows material\nBeCu, were present in the cell. The BeCu was coated with Pyralin resin prior to\nrelaxation measurements, while relaxation measurements were performed both before\nand after the Torlon rod was coated with Pyralin resin. The depolarization probabilities\nwere found to be:\nPd < 1.32 X 10^-7 for d-TPB;\nPd = 1.01 ± 0.08 X 10^-6 for bare torlon;\nPd = 2.5 ± 0.1 X 10^-7 for coated torlon;\nPd = 7.9 ± 0.3 X 10^-7 for BeCu.\nThe relaxation rates extrapolated from the observed values of Pd for d-TPB,\ncoated Torlon, and coated BeCu in the nEDM apparatus were found to be consistent\nwith design goals.
Struktur des Iso‐3‐carbonsäureamid‐N<sup>1</sup>‐<scp>D</scp>‐ribosido‐pyridiniumchlorids (1955)

Abstract Mit Hilfe der neuen Mikromethode zur Bestimmung der Ringstruktur des Zuckerrestes bei Nucleosiden wird gezeigt, dass das früher synthetisierte Iso‐ribosido‐nicotinsäureamid sehr wahrscheinlich die Struktur eines α‐Furano‐ribosido‐nicotinsäureamids besitzt.
Comparison of As- and P-based metamorphic buffers for high performance InP heterojunction bipolar transistor and high electron mobility transistor applications (2004)

Metamorphic buffers (M-buffers) consisting of graded InAlAs or bulk InP were employed for the production of InP-based epiwafers on GaAs substrates by molecular-beam epitaxy. The graded InAlAs is the standard for production metamorphic high electron mobility transistors (M-HEMTs), while the bulk InP offers superior thermal properties for higher current density circuits. The surface morphology and crystal structure of the two M-buffers showed different relaxation mechanisms. The graded InAlAs gave a cross-hatched pattern with nearly full relaxation and very effective dislocation filtering, while the bulk InP had a uniform isotropic surface with dislocations propagating further up towards the active layers. Both types of M-buffers had atomic force microscopy root-mean-square roughness values around 20–30 Å. The Hall transport properties of high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) grown on the InAlAs M-buffer, and a baseline HEMT grown lattice matched on InP, both had room-temperature mobilities &gt;10 000 cm2/V s, while the M-HEMT on the InP M-buffer showed a decrease to 9000 cm2/V s. Similarly, the dc parameters of a double heterojunction bipolar transistor (DHBT) grown on the InAlAs M-buffer were much closer to the baseline heterojunction bipolar transistor than a DHBT grown on the InP M-buffer. A high breakdown voltage of 11.3 V was achieved on an M-DHBT with the InAlAs M-buffer. We speculate that the degradation in device characteristics on the InP M-buffer was related to the incomplete dislocation filtering.
A Distributed Cooperative Framework for Continuous Multi-Projector Pose Estimation (2009)

We present a novel calibration framework for multi-projector displays that achieves continuous geometric calibration by estimating and refining the poses of all projectors in an ongoing fashion during actual display use. Our framework provides scalability by operating as a distributed system of "intelligent" projector units: projectors augmented with rigidly-mounted cameras, and paired with dedicated computers. Each unit interacts asynchronously with its peers, leveraging their combined computational power to cooperatively estimate the poses of all of the projectors. In cases where the projection surface is static, our system is able to continuously refine all of the projector poses, even when they change simultaneously.
Fast approximate methods for calculating nucleic acid base pair interaction energies (2002)

Interaction enthalpies for six base pairs have been computed at a variety of efficient levels of electronic structure theory and compared to experiment. In addition to previously defined levels of theory, modified Hamiltonians with adjusted parameters in hybrid Hartree-Fock/density functionals and semiempirical neglect-of-diatomic-differential-overlap models were examined. Of the pure and hybrid density functional levels, mPWPW91/MIDI! performed most satisfactorily, as judged by comparison not only to the available experimental data, but also to data from more robust electronic structure methods for 22 additional base pairs. The low computational cost of the mPWPW91/MIDI! model was further exploited in an investigation of various base trimers, tetramers, and one base pentamer. A carefully reparameterized semiempirical model, PM3(BP), was able to achieve similar levels of accuracy at a still greater savings in terms of computational effort.
Immunocytochemical and pharmacological characterisation of P2-purinoceptor-mediated cell growth and death in PC-3 hormone refractory prostate cancer cells. (2004)

Threshold concentrations of ATP inhibited HRPC cell growth in vitro via the activation of P2X-purinoreceptors. The role of nucleotides in the treatment of HRPC requires further investigation.
ANTIBIOTICS ALTER METHOTREXATE METABOLISM AND EXCRETION (1970)

The chemotherapeutic agent methotrexate is metabolized by the intestinal flora of normal mice. This metabolism is reduced either by treatment of mice with the antibiotics neomycin and sulfathiazole, or in germ-free mice. In addition to affecting metabolism, these antibiotics alter physiological distribution of methotrexate so that excretion by the intestinal route is significantly enhanced.
A retrospective study of endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) , An institutional review (2020)

This is a retrospective study conducted at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital, Lahore, from January 1995 to April 2016, to determine the clinical presentations, pathological features, cancer free survival and rate of recurrence in patients with Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma (ESS). Data was collected from May to August 2017. A total of 31 patients with a mean age of 40.0±11.72 years were treated. Among them, 12 (38.7%) had stage I, 2 (6.4%) had stage II, 6 (19.3%) had stage III and 11 (35.5%) had stage IV ESS. All patients underwent surgical management as an initial treatment modality for ESS. Out of these 31 patients, 17 were under active surveillance, 4 had expired and 10 patients were lost to follow up. Eleven (65%) patients were disease free, recurrence was noted in 4 (23.5%) patients and 2 (12%) patients had persistent disease. Recurrence of disease was managed with surgical excision and multimodality treatment. Median duration of follow-up was 38.29 months. Endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) is a rare uterine tumour. Our patients were young and had lower rate of recurrence. Surgical management was the mainstay of treatment in patients with resectable disease while other options used included hormonal therapy, radio therapy or chemotherapy.
URINARY HORMONE STUDIES IN UNTREATED CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA DURING AND AFTER PREGNANCY (1961)

A 22-year-old patient is described with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and spontaneous menstrual cycles who became pregnant prior to the institution of steroid therapy. During the latter part of gestation there was a progressive decrease in the daily urinary excretion of neutral 17-ketosteroids, pregnanediol and pregnanetriol. Excretion of the latter two compounds remained low until the sixteenth week, when spontaneous abortion occurred. Chromatographic separation of the urinary neutral 17-ketosteroids revealed a predominance of androsterone. Following the administration of corticotropin during pregnancy there was a pronounced increase in the urinary output of androsterone, a decrease in the output of etioeholanolone, and a rise in the ratio of androsterone to ctiocholanolone from 1.3 to 5.8. These changes took place at a time when there was no significant urinary excretion of pregnanediol and pregnanetriol. The data indicate an alteration in either the production or metabolism of progesterone and 17α-hyd...