gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Customised titanium implant fabricated in additive manufacturing for craniomaxillofacial surgery (2014)

Customised implants manufacture has always presented difficulties which result in high cost and complex fabrication, mainly due to patients' anatomical differences. The solution has been to produce prostheses with different sizes and use the one that best suits each patient. Additive manufacturing (AM) as a technology from engineering has been providing several advancements in the medical field, particularly as far as fabrication of implants is concerned. The use of additive manufacturing in medicine has added, in an era of development of so many new technologies, the possibility of performing the surgical planning and simulation by using a three-dimensional (3D) physical model, very faithful to the patient's anatomy. AM is a technology that enables the production of models and implants directly from the 3D virtual model (obtained by a Computer-Aided Design (CAD) system, computed tomography or magnetic resonance) facilitating surgical procedures and reducing risks. Furthermore, additive manufacturing has been used to produce implants especially designed for a particular patient, with sizes, shapes and mechanical properties optimised, for areas of medicine such as craniomaxillofacial surgery. This work presents how AM technologies were applied to design and fabricate a biomodel and customised implant for the surgical reconstruction of a large cranial defect. A series of computed tomography data was obtained and software was used to extract the cranial geometry. The protocol presented was used for creation of an anatomic biomodel of the bone defect for the surgical planning and, finally, the design and manufacture of the patient-specific implant.
Highly efficient direct contact stacked patches on high dielectric constant wafers (2011)

We present a highly efficient stacked patch antenna in which the driven patch is developed on a high dielectric constant material. Importantly, a technique is introduced that enables broad bandwidth performance (greater than 20%) and good efficiency (in excess of 90%) despite the incorporation of a truncated wafer. This new radiator can be used to realize highly efficient, broadband antenna/electro-optic interfaces for emerging communications and sensing applications.
Estimating individualized optimal combination therapies through outcome weighted deep learning algorithms (2018)

With the advancement in drug development, multiple treatments are available for a single disease. Patients can often benefit from taking multiple treatments simultaneously. For example, patients in Clinical Practice Research Datalink with chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes can receive multiple treatments simultaneously. Therefore, it is important to estimate what combination therapy from which patients can benefit the most. However, to recommend the best treatment combination is not a single label but a multilabel classification problem. In this paper, we propose a novel outcome weighted deep learning algorithm to estimate individualized optimal combination therapy. The Fisher consistency of the proposed loss function under certain conditions is also provided. In addition, we extend our method to a family of loss functions, which allows adaptive changes based on treatment interactions. We demonstrate the performance of our methods through simulations and real data analysis.
Dual Threshold Mode Switching Criteria with Diversity and Spatial Multiplexing in LTE (2012)

This paper presents a dual threshold mode switching criteria to optimize the performance of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) in Long Term Evolution (LTE) downlink. Transmit diversity (TD) and spatial multiplexing (SM) is the basic MIMO transmission modes in LTE-A standards. General method for mode switching based on Signal-to-Noise-and-Interference Ratio (SINR) or CQI is merely a single threshold. However, that can result in significant throughput loss. We exploit the statistical properties of the CQI value under TD and SM scheme respectively and propose a dual threshold mode switching method. This approach is implemented in different switching criteria to verify its effectiveness and robustness. We provide simulation data to show that such an algorithm can improve the downlink throughput by 2-30% on an average compared with the conventional single threshold method.
Elevated Recombination in Immortal Human Cells Is Mediated by <i>HsRAD51</i> Recombinase (1997)

Normal diploid cells have a limited replicative potential in culture, with progressively increasing interdivision time. Rarely, cell lines arise which can divide indefinitely; like tumor cells, such "immortal" lines display frequent chromosomal aberrations which may reflect high rates of recombination. Recombination frequencies within a plasmid substrate were 3.5-fold higher in nine immortal human cell lines than in six untransformed cell strains. Expression of HsRAD51, a human homolog of the yeast RAD51 and Escherichia coli recA recombinase genes, was 4.5-fold higher in immortal cell lines than in mortal cells. Stable transformation of human fibroblasts with simian virus 40 large T antigen prior to cell immortalization increased both chromosomal recombination and the level of HsRAD51 transcripts by two- to fivefold. T-antigen induction of recombination was efficiently blocked by introduction of HsRAD51 antisense (but not control) oligonucleotides spanning the initiation codon, implying that HsRAD51 expression mediates augmented recombination. Since p53 binds and inactivates HsRAD51, T-antigen-p53 association may block such inactivation and liberate HsRAD51. Upregulation of HsRAD51 transcripts in T-antigen-transformed and other immortal cells suggests that recombinase activation can also occur at the RNA level and may facilitate cell transformation to immortality.
Single Pass Diafiltration Integrated into a Fully Continuous mAb Purification Process (2018)

The concept of continuous manufacturing has gained significant interest from the biopharmaceutical industry over the past several years. Benefits include increased manufacturing productivity, improved quality control, reduction in plant footprint, and more flexible management of facility capacity. There are several technologies currently available that enable continuous processing for chromatography and ultrafiltration. However, a single pass diafiltration design that meets the required small molecule clearance and has been integrated into a fully continuous monoclonal antibody purification process has not been previously published. Here, the theory and design of a 3-stage single pass diafiltration step is presented. Buffer exchange greater than 99.75% was experimentally demonstrated. Several critical design aspects were incorporated to minimize system complexity and reduce the buffer volume requirements. Lastly, single pass diafiltration was demonstrated in a pilot scale continuous process with uninterrupted flow from the bioreactor through the formulation step. This work illustrates the feasibility of incorporating a single pass diafiltration step into an end-to-end continuous protein purification process. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Fluorescent labeling of proteins with Nile red and 2-methoxy-2,4-diphenyl-3(2H)-furanone: Physicochemical basis and application to the rapid staining of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels and Western blots (2001)

The fluorescent hydrophobic dye Nile red allows the rapid, sensitive, and general staining of proteins in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gels. Nile red staining does not preclude further electroblotting of protein bands onto polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes. The resulting Western blot can be stained with the covalent fluorescent dye 2-methoxy-2,4-diphenyl-3(2H)-furanone (MDPF) using a simple procedure. MDPF staining allows further N-terminal microsequencing and immunodetection of specific bands. This review considers the physicochemical, structural, and analytical studies that have led to the development of Nile red and MDPF staining methods. The usefulness of these procedures is discussed in comparison to other currently available fluorescent and nonfluorescent protein detection methods.
Titanium (IV) Complexes with Ligands having Oxygen donor Atoms in Aqueous Solutions (1963)

Abstract The equilibria of titanium(IV) chelates with 1,8‐dihydroxynaphtalene‐3,6‐disulfonic acid (chromotropic acid), catechol, catechol‐3,5‐disulfonic acid(disodium salt, tiron), protocatechuic acid, 2,3‐dihydroxynaphtalene‐6‐sulfonic acid, 5‐sulfosalicylic acid and ascorbic acid have been studied spectrophotometrically. The corresponding constants are calculated and the properties and stabilities of different chelates discussed.
A design-diversity based fault-tolerant COTS avionics bus network (2002)

The paper describes a COTS bus network architecture consisting of the IEEE 1394 and SpaceWire buses. This architecture is based on the multi-level fault tolerance design methodology proposed by S.N. Chau et al. (1999) but has much less overhead than the original IEEE 1394/I/sup 2/C implementation. The simplifications are brought about by the topological flexibility and high performance of the SpaceWire. The SpaceWire can form a connected graph that embeds multiple spanning trees. This is a significant advantage because it allows the IEEE 1394 bus to select a different tree topology when a fault occurs. It also has sufficient performance to stand in for the IEEE 1394 bus during fault recovery, so that a backup IEEE 1394 bus is no longer required. These two buses are very compatible at the physical level and therefore can easily be combined. Analysis of the effectiveness of the IEEE 1394/SpaceWire architecture shows that it can achieve the same fault tolerance capability as the IEEE 1394/I/sup 2/ C architecture with less redundancy.
Proyecto FIND: La importancia de un diagnóstico precoz (2015)

espanolLas mucopolisacaridosis (MPS) son un grupo heterogeneo de enfermedades lisosomales ocasionadas por la deficiencia de las enzimas responsables de la degradacion de los glucosaminoglicanos (GAG). Gracias a los actuales avances terapeuticos y al hecho de que un diagnostico y tratamiento precoces implican una mejor evolucion clinica, nos hemos planteado el proyecto FIND. El objetivo es realizar un cribado selectivo para detectar posibles casos de MPS en ninos. Para ello se facilita a los pediatras que deseen participar, un kit como herramienta diagnostica en el que se suministra la informacion y el material necesario para la obtencion de muestras de orina y sangre impregnadas en papel analitico. Sobre la muestra de orina se mide la concentracion de GAG y creatinina urinarias. A aquellas muestras con una concentracion elevada de GAG, se podra realizar la cuantificacion de la actividad enzimatica presente en la muestra de sangre, con la finalidad de identificar el posible defecto enzimatico. EnglishThe mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a heterogeneous group of lysosomal diseases caused by the enzymatic deficiency of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) degradation. Due to recent treatment advances and the fact that early diagnosis and treatment implicate a better clinical outcome, we have started the FIND project. This project is a selective screening to detect possible MPS cases in children using urine and blood samples impregnated in analytical paper, easily obtained in the Pediatrician consultation and supplied in the FIND kit. We carry out the GAG determination on urine sample. Over those urine samples with an elevated GAG concentration; we can perform the enzymatic activity on the blood sample, in order to identify the possible enzyme defect.
Hypervalent Iodine in Synthesis. 94. A Facile Synthesis of 2-Substituted-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines by Cyclocondensation of Alkynyl(phenyl) iodonium Salts and 2-Aminopyridine (2004)

Abstract A facile method for the synthesis of 2-substituted-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines is achieved by cyclocondensation of alkynyl(phenyl)iodonium salts with 2-aminopyridine.
Augmented Implicitly Restarted Lanczos Bidiagonalization Methods (2005)

New restarted Lanczos bidiagonalization methods for the computation of a few of the largest or smallest singular values of a large matrix are presented. Restarting is carried out by augmentation of Krylov subspaces that arise naturally in the standard Lanczos bidiagonalization method. The augmenting vectors are associated with certain Ritz or harmonic Ritz vectors. Computed examples show the new methods to be competitive with available schemes.
Echolocation in humans: an overview (2016)

Bats and dolphins are known for their ability to use echolocation. They emit bursts of sounds and listen to the echoes that bounce back to detect the objects in their environment. What is not as well-known is that some blind people have learned to do the same thing, making mouth clicks, for example, and using the returning echoes from those clicks to sense obstacles and objects of interest in their surroundings. The current review explores some of the research that has examined human echolocation and the changes that have been observed in the brains of echolocation experts. We also discuss potential applications and assistive technology based on echolocation. Blind echolocation experts can sense small differences in the location of objects, differentiate between objects of various sizes and shapes, and even between objects made of different materials, just by listening to the reflected echoes from mouth clicks. It is clear that echolocation may enable some blind people to do things that are otherwise thought to be impossible without vision, potentially providing them with a high degree of independence in their daily lives and demonstrating that echolocation can serve as an effective mobility strategy in the blind. Neuroimaging has shown that the processing of echoes activates brain regions in blind echolocators that would normally support vision in the sighted brain, and that the patterns of these activations are modulated by the information carried by the echoes. This work is shedding new light on just how plastic the human brain is. WIREs Cogn Sci 2016, 7:382-393. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1408 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
The Cell Wall of the Pathogenic Bacterium <i>Rhodococcus equi</i> Contains Two Channel-Forming Proteins with Different Properties (2003)

We have identified in organic solvent extracts of whole cells of the gram-positive pathogen Rhodococcus equi two channel-forming proteins with different and complementary properties. The isolated proteins were able to increase the specific conductance of artificial lipid bilayer membranes made from phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidylserine mixtures by the formation of channels able to be permeated by ions. The channel-forming protein PorA(Req) (R. equi pore A) is characterized by the formation of cation-selective channels, which are voltage gated. PorA(Req) has a single-channel conductance of 4 nS in 1 M KCl and shows high permeability for positively charged solutes because of the presence of negative point charges. According to the results of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), the protein has an apparent molecular mass of about 67 kDa. The analysis (using the effect of negative charges on channel conductance) of the concentration dependence of the single-channel conductance suggested that the diameter of the cell wall channel is about 2.0 nm. The second channel (formed by PorB(Req) [R. equi pore B]) shows a preferred movement of anions through the channel and is not voltage gated. This channel shows a single-channel conductance of 300 pS in 1 M KCl and is characterized by the presence of positive point charges in or near the channel mouth. Based on SDS-PAGE, the apparent molecular mass of the channel-forming protein is about 11 kDa. Channel-forming properties of the investigated cell wall porins were compared with those of others isolated from mycolic acid-containing actinomycetes. We present here the first report of a fully characterized anion-selective cell wall channel from a member of the order Actinomycetales.
Hearing Loss and Perceptual Effort: Downstream Effects on Older Adults’ Memory for Speech (2004)

A group of older adults with good hearing and a group with mild-to-moderate hearing loss were tested for recall of the final three words heard in a running memory task. Near perfect recall of the final words of the three-word sets by both good- and poor-hearing participants allowed the inference that all three words had been correctly identified. Nevertheless, the poor-hearing group recalled significantly fewer of the nonfinal words than did the better hearing group. This was true even though both groups were matched for age, education, and verbal ability. Results were taken as support for an effortfulness hypothesis: the notion that the extra effort that a hearing-impaired listener must expend to achieve perceptual success comes at the cost of processing resources that might otherwise be available for encoding the speech content in memory.
Enhanced Detection of Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus and Other Fish Viruses by Pretreatment of Cell Monolayers with Polyethylene Glycol (1989)

To improve quantification of very low levels of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in samples of tissue, ovarian fluid, or natural water supplies, we tested the ability of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to enhance the sensitivity and speed of the plaque assay system. We compared 4, 7, and 10% solutions of PEG of molecular weight 6,000, 8,000, or 20,000 applied at selected volumes and for various durations. When cell monolayers of epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC), fathead minnow (FHM), chinook salmon embryo (CHSE-214), and bluegill fry (BF2) were pretreated with 7% PEG-20,000, they produced 4-17-fold increases in plaque assay titers of IHNV. The plaque assay titers of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, chum salmon reovirus, and chinook salmon paramyxovirus were also enhanced by exposure of CHSE-214 cells to PEG, but the titers of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus and Oncorhynchus masou virus were not substantially changed. Plaques formed by IHNV on PEG-treated EPC cells incubated at 15°C had a larger mean diameter at 6 d than those on control cells at 8 d; this suggests the assay could be shortened by use of PEG. Pretreatment of EPC cell monolayers with PEG enabled detection of IHNV in some samples that appeared negative with untreated cells. For example, when ovarian fluid samples from chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha were inoculated onto untreated monolayers of EPC cells, IHNV was detected in only 11 of 51 samples; 17 of the samples were positive when PEG-treated EPC cells were used.
Briefing: Qualityreviewer – appraising the design quality of development proposals (2011)

Every year one question is asked of hundreds of thousands of planning applications, ranging from household extensions to new settlements: ‘Will this planning proposal create a well-designed development?’ Qualityreviewer has been developed to help the many planners, councillors and others who have little or no training in or experience of design to assess the design quality of planning applications.
Front Porch (2003)

Novelist Elizabeth Spencer writes hauntingly of two divergent experiences from her childhood in Carrollton, Mississippi. One chapter of her memoir, Landscapes of the Heart, tells of Miss Beauregard Somerville, an imposing dowager who lived in a big white house and ruled the leading families with an iron code of propriety. A word from Miss Beaurie could cover the shoulders and extinguish the cigarettes of the most daring young ladies, and even for the youngest child, scratching oneself in her parlor was too horrible to contemplate. Thinking of harrowing visits to that seat of judgment, Spencer remembers "the rustle of taffeta. Long skirts in hot weather or cold. Petticoats. Black shoes. High lace collars. And no one to doubt that she was right about everything." Even after Miss Beaurie's death, her [End Page 2] judgments lived on, governing the lives and consciences of Carrollton's ladies with an iron code of convention. In this environment, Spencer recalls, life for young women was "as rigidly bounded as a high-security prison, guards on the watchtowers, dogs trained for hot pursuit. Manners and behavior, what one wore and did not wear, what talk was allowed and what was never to be mentioned (though everyone knew it). Gossip and confidences," she concludes, held an unbreakable sway.
Identification of differentially expressed microRNAs between Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab-resistant and -susceptible strains of Ostrinia furnacalis (2015)

The Asian corn borer (ACB), Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), can develop strong resistance to Cry1Ab, the most widely commercialized Cry toxin for Bt maize worldwide. It is essential to understand the mechanism of resistance for management of this species, but information on the post-transcriptional regulation of Bt resistance in this target insect is limited. In the present study, RNA was extracted from the ACB in various larval stages (1-5 instar) from Cry1Ab-sensitive (ACB-BtS) and -resistant (ACB-AbR) strains, each of which included two biological replicates. Using Illumina sequencing, a total of 23,809,890 high-quality reads were collected from the four ACB libraries. The numbers of known microRNAs (miRNAs) were 302 and 395 for ACB-BtS and 268 and 287 for ACB-AbR. Using Mireap software, we identified 32 and 16 potential novel miRNAs for ACB-BtS and 18 and 22 for ACB-AbR. Among them, 21 known and 1 novel miRNAs had significantly different expression between ACB-BtS and ACB-AbR. Several miRNAs were observed to target potential Bt receptor genes, such as aminopeptidase N and cadherin-like protein. The glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthetic process and ABC transporters pathway were identified through Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analysis of target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs.
Improvement in angina pectoris with alpha adrenoceptor blockade. (1985)

The effects of indoramin, a selective alpha 1 adrenoceptor antagonist, on exercise tolerance were studied in 15 patients using a random double blind crossover protocol. All patients had chronic stable angina, for which 13 had been receiving beta adrenoceptor blocking drugs and nitrates, and these were continued unchanged throughout the study. An initial open challenge with indoramin in eight patients with chronic stable angina showed no serious adverse effects. In a dose of 25 mg three times daily indoramin prolonged exercise duration and increased oxygen consumption during exercise, while the maximal double product was unchanged. The increased exercise capacity was associated with a reduction in ST segment depression during exercise. Side effects included failure of ejaculation in one patient and tiredness in five. These results indicate than alpha 1 adrenoceptor blockade may provide useful additional benefit to patients with stable angina pectoris who are already receiving beta blockers and nitrates.