gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanoantenna couplers for metal-insulator-metal waveguide interconnects (2010)

State-of-the-art copper interconnects suffer from increasing spatial power dissipation due to chip downscaling and RC delays reducing operation bandwidth. Wide bandwidth, minimized Ohmic loss, deep sub-wavelength confinement and high integration density are key features that make metal-insulator-metal waveguides (MIM) utilizing plasmonic modes attractive for applications in on-chip optical signal processing. Size-mismatch between two fundamental components (micron-size fibers and a few hundred nanometers wide waveguides) demands compact coupling methods for implementation of large scale on-chip optoelectronic device integration. Existing solutions use waveguide tapering, which requires more than 4λ-long taper distances. We demonstrate that nanoantennas can be integrated with MIM for enhancing coupling into MIM plasmonic modes. Two-dimensional finite-difference time domain simulations of antennawaveguide structures for TE and TM incident plane waves ranging from λ = 1300 to 1600 nm were done. The same MIM (100-nm-wide Ag/100-nm-wide SiO<sub>2</sub>/100-nm-wide Ag) was used for each case, while antenna dimensions were systematically varied. For nanoantennas disconnected from the MIM; field is strongly confined inside MIM-antenna gap region due to Fabry-Perot resonances. Major fraction of incident energy was not transferred into plasmonic modes. When the nanoantennas are connected to the MIM, stronger coupling is observed and E-field intensity at outer end of core is enhanced more than 70 times.
Urinary Biomarkers of Whole Grain Wheat Intake Identified by Non-targeted and Targeted Metabolomics Approaches (2016)

Mounting evidence suggests that whole grain (WG) intake plays an important role in chronic disease prevention. However, numerous human studies have failed to produce clear-cut conclusions on this topic. Here, a combination of non-targeted and targeted metabolomics approaches, together with kinetic studies, was used to investigate biomarkers of WG wheat intake and further explore the diet-disease associations. Via these integrated approaches, forty-one compounds were identified as the most discriminating endogenous metabolites after WG versus refined grain (RG) wheat bread consumption. The corresponding biological assessment of these endogenous changes suggests that, in contrast to RG consumption, WG wheat consumption may facilitate antioxidant defense systems and moderate the risk factors of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and other chronic diseases. A panel of urinary markers consisting of seven alkylresorcinol metabolites and five benzoxazinoid derivatives as specific biomarkers, as well as five phenolic acid derivatives, was also established to cover multiple time points and longer time periods for correctly and objectively monitoring WG wheat intake. Through these findings, we have established a comprehensive biomarker pool to better assess WG wheat consumption, and to monitor the endogenous changes that are linked to health effects of WG wheat consumption.
Kinetic analysis of folding and unfolding the 56 amino acid IgG-binding domain of streptococcal protein G (1992)

The 56 amino acid B domain of protein G (GB) is a stable globular folding unit with no disulfide cross-links. The physical properties of GB offer extraordinary flexibility for evaluating the energetics of the folding reaction. The protein is monomeric and very soluble in both folded and unfolded forms. The folding reaction has been previously examined by differential scanning calorimetry (Alexander et al., 1992) and found to exhibit two-state unfolding behavior over a wide pH range with an unfolding transition near 90 degrees C (GB1) at neutral pH. Here, the kinetics of folding and unfolding two naturally occurring versions of GB have been measured using stopped-flow mixing methods and analyzed according to transition-state theory. GB contains no prolines, and the kinetics of folding and unfolding can be fit to a single, first-order rate constant over the temperature range of 5-35 degrees C. The major thermodynamic changes going from the unfolded state to the transition state are (1) a large decrease in heat capacity (delta Cp), indicating that the transition state is compact and solvent inaccessible relative to the unfolded state; (2) a large loss of entropy; and (3) a small increase in enthalpy. The most surprising feature of the folding of GB compared to that of previously studied proteins is that its folding approximates a rapid diffusion controlled process with little increase in enthalpy going from the unfolded to the transition state.
CD148 Is a Membrane Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Present in All Hematopoietic Lineages and Is Involved in Signal Transduction on Lymphocytes (1998)

Evidence is presented showing that a protein tyrosine phosphatase different from CD45 is present on the membrane of human hematopoietic cells. The molecule recognized by the monoclonal antibody 143-41, which has been classified as CD148 in the VI International Workshop on Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens, was immunopurified and sequenced. The sequence obtained from N-terminus as well as from two different CNBr-digested peptides showed a close identity with a previously described tyrosine phosphatase named HPTP-eta/DEP-1. CD148 is present on all hematopoietic lineages, being expressed with higher intensity on granulocytes than on monocytes and lymphocytes. Interestingly, whereas it is clearly present on peripheral blood lymphocytes, it is poorly expressed on different lymphoid cell lines of T and B origin. When this protein tyrosine phosphatase was cocrosslinked with CD3, an inhibition of the normally observed calcium mobilization was observed. This inhibition correlates with a decrease in phospholipase C-gamma (PLC-gamma) phosphorylation and is similar to the one observed with CD45. In addition, it is shown that the crosslinking of the CD148 alone is also able to induce an increase in [Ca2+]i. This increase is abolished in the presence of genistein and by cocrosslinking with CD45. These data, together with the induction of tyrosine phosphorylation on several substrates, including PLC-gamma, after CD148 crosslinking, suggest the involvement of a tyrosine kinase-based signaling pathway in this process. In conclusion, the data presented show that CD148 corresponds to a previously described protein tyrosine phosphatase HPTP-eta/DEP-1 and that this molecule is involved in signal transduction in lymphocytes.
[Benign systemic mastocytosis: report of 2 cases]. (1993)

The case histories of two patients with benign systemic mastocytosis with skin involvement are presented. The first patient had urticaria pigmentosa diagnosed at the age of 2 months, and developed systemic disease within two years. The second presented urticaria pigmentosa at the age of 22 years while benign systemic mastocytosis was diagnosed 30 years later. The clinical findings in both cases were: skin involvement, hepatosplenomegaly and abdominal pain. The second patient had myelofibrosis. There was a favorable response to H1 and H2 histamine antagonist and ketotifen.
How Close Are the Phrenic Nerves to Cardiac Structures? Implications for Cardiac Interventionalists (2005)

The right phrenic nerve is at risk when ablations are carried out in the superior caval vein and the right superior pulmonary vein. The left phrenic nerve is vulnerable during lead implantation into the great cardiac and left obtuse marginal veins.
Joint Transceiver Optimization for Wireless Communication PHY with Convolutional Neural Network (2018)

Deep Learning has a wide application in the area of natural language processing and image processing due to its strong ability of generalization. In this paper, we propose a novel neural network structure for jointly optimizing the transmitter and receiver in communication physical layer under fading channels. We build up a convolutional autoencoder to simultaneously conduct the role of modulation, equalization and demodulation. The proposed system is able to design different mapping scheme from input bit sequences of arbitrary length to constellation symbols according to different channel environments. The simulation results show that the performance of neural network based system is superior to traditional modulation and equalization methods in terms of time complexity and bit error rate (BER) under fading channels. The proposed system can also be combined with other coding techniques to further improve the performance. Furthermore, the proposed system network is more robust to channel variation than traditional communication methods.
Selegiline in Narcolepsy (1986)

We examined the effect of the specific monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitor selegiline (deprenyl, Eldepryl), 20-30 mg p.o. daily, in 21 subjects with the narcoleptic syndrome for 4 weeks. Selegiline was compared to no treatment (7 subjects) or conventional central stimulant drugs, including dexamphetamine or mazindol (14 subjects). Severity and frequency of narcolepsy, accessory symptoms, and effects of selegiline on mood were measured. Selegiline, as well as causing MAO-B inhibition, is interconverted to amphetamine. Urinary amphetamine and methamphetamine excretion were determined in 18 subjects after 4 weeks on selegiline and the results were compared with amphetamine excretion in subjects on dexamphetamine. The effect of selegiline, 20-30 mg p.o., on alertness and mood was similar to that of dexamphetamine in the same dosage, with comparable sympathomimetic side effects. Selegiline, 20 mg p.o., caused a subjective increase in alertness for 4-8 h. Mean urinary amphetamine excretion on dexamphetamine, 15-70 mg daily (mean 29 mg) at pH 5.6-6.6, was 5,184 micrograms/24 h, and on selegiline, 20-30 mg daily (mean 22.5), was 4,127 micrograms/24 h. We conclude that selegiline, 20-30 mg daily, requires further evaluation in narcolepsy.
A Machine Learning Approach to Anaphora Resolution Including Named Entity Recognition, PP Attachment Disambiguation, and Animacy Detection (2009)

Avhandlingen beskriver et automatisk anaforløsningssystem (AL-system) for norsk med fokus på pronominale anaforer i skjønnlitterære tekster. Systemet bygger primært på maskinlæringsmetoder og er det første norske AL-systemet som bruker maskinlæring. Et sett av lingvistisk funderte filtre fjerner inkompatible antecedentkandidater før de resterende kandidatene klassifiseres enten som antecedenter eller ikke-antecedenter. Den nærmeste kandidaten som klassifiseres som passende antecedent (hvis en slik finnes), velges som antecedent for pronomenet.<br><br>\n\nTre ulike maskinlæringsmetoder for klassifisering blir evaluert og sammenliknet: minnebasert læring (MBL), maksimum entropi-modellering (MaksEnt) og støttevektormaskiner (SVMer). Metodene blir testet både med standard parameterverdier og med automatisk optimiserte verdier. Ulike pronomen håndteres av ulike klassifikatorer. To andre kunnskapsfattige tilnærminger, en faktor/indikator-basert tilnærming og en som er basert på Centering Theory, blir sammenliknet med maskinlæringsmetodene. De beste maskinlæringsmetodene fungerer signifikant bedre enn tilnærmingene som ikke er basert på maskinlæring og signifikant bedre enn det eneste eksisterende AL-systemet for norsk.<br><br>\n\nAvhandlingen beskriver også utvikling og evaluering av tre støttemoduler som bidrar med informasjon til AL-systemet: en navnetypegjenkjenner, en PP-tilordner og en animathetsdetektor. Ulike maskinlæringsmetoder blir testet og sammenliknet med hensyn til hvor godt de fungerer for de to første modulene. PP-tilordneren er basert på en nyskapende form for halvovervåket læring, mens animathetsdetektoren bruker to ulike metoder for å hente ut animathetsinformasjon for substantiver fra Internett. De tre støttemodulene evalueres både som selvstendige NLP-verktøy og som informasjonskilder for AL-systemet.<br><br>\n\nI nesten alle eksperimentene som er beskrevet i avhandlingen, fungerer MBL like godt eller bedre enn MaksEnt, mens prestasjonsnivået til SVMene er signifikant dårligere.
Enhancing Electrochemical Performance of High Voltage (4.5 V) Graphite/LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.3</sub>O<sub>2</sub>Cell by Tailoring Cathode Interface (2016)

In this study, a novel nitrile-based compound, ethylene glycol bis (propionitrile) ether (EGBE) has been investigated as a cathode film forming additive. Electrochemical performance of graphite/LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 full cell with 1.0 M LiPF6 EC/EMC (3/7, v/v) w/o EGBE additive electrolyte has been evaluated. The initial discharge capacity of the cell with EGBE added electrolyte is slightly lower than the cell without EGBE; while the cell with 1.0 wt% EGBE added electrolyte has superior cycling stability than the cell with baseline electrolyte upon cycling at 4.5 V (vs. Li/Li+), specifically, 82% and 42% capacity retention after 80 cycles, respectively. Ex-situ characterizations on the electrodes extracted from graphite/LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 cell were conducted via a combination of multi-techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and inductive coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP-MS) as well. The improved cycling performance is ascribed to the desired surface layer built-up on electrode surface via the sacrificial decomposition of the EGBE additive. This tailored surface layer is more robust and stable than the surface film generated from baseline electrolyte decomposition, thus can stabilize the electrode/electrolyte interface, mitigate electrolyte decomposition and inhibit transition metal dissolution from the bulk cathode material upon cycling at 4.5 V.
A Bayesian Method for the Detection of Item Preknowledge in Computerized Adaptive Testing (2003)

With the increased use of continuous testing in computerized adaptive testing, new concerns about test security have evolved, such as how to ensure that items in an item pool are safeguarded from theft. In this article, procedures to detect test takers using item preknowledge are explored. When test takers use item preknowledge, their item responses deviate from the underlying item response theory (IRT) model, and estimated abilities may be inflated. This deviation may be detected through the use of person-fit indices. A Bayesian posterior log odds ratio index is proposed for detecting the use of item preknowledge. In this approach to person fit, the estimated probability that each test taker has preknowledge of items is updated after each item response. These probabilities are based on the IRT parameters, a model specifying the probability that each item has been memorized, and the test taker’s item responses. Simulations based on an operational computerized adaptive test (CAT) pool are used to demonstrate the use of the odds ratio index.
Florida Power Corporation's load management system (1990)

An overview is given of the load management system started by Florida Power Corporation (FPC) in 1981 to defer 825 MW of additional peaking capacity needed by January of 1995. It is a volunteer program with over 260000 residential customers presently participating and 40000 customers being added each year. These customers allow FPC to interrupt selected appliances in return for a credit on their electric bills. The load management controller consists of dual-redundant HP-1000 computers, each with a dedicated terminal and keyboard, 20 Mbyte hard disk, and 5.25 in floppy disk drive. They run identical software and are loaded with the same database. The load management database resides on the corporate mainframe computer. FPC is in the initial phases of specifying a new controller that will be able to communicate with the Energy Control Center computer system. An expert system in the new controller will be able to develop strategies on short notice to conform to changing operating conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Preparation of Ultrafine Zirconia Particles and It's Drying Methods (2002)

Ultrafine zirconia particles is a new type of advanced material Owing to it's special properties,ultrafine zirconia particles has wide and significant uses Varieties of priparation and drying methods of zirconia powder are reviewed in this paper on the basis of new progress and developing trnds And the problems in preparation technology are discllssed
Exploring Postinfarction Reentrant Ventricular Tachycardia With Entrainment Mapping (1997)

Ventricular tachycardia late after myocardial infarction is usually due to reentry in the infarct region. These reentry circuits can be large, complex and difficult to define, impeding study in the electrophysiology laboratory and making catheter ablation difficult. Pacing through the electrodes of the mapping catheter provides a new approach to mapping. When pacing stimuli capture the effects on the tachycardia depend on the location of the pacing site relative to the reentry circuit. The effects observed allow identification of various portions of the reentry circuit, without the need for locating the entire circuit. Isthmuses where relatively small lesions produced by radiofrequency catheter ablation can interrupt reentry can often be identified. A classification that divides reentry circuits into one or more functional components helps to conceptualize the reentry circuit and predicts the likelihood that heating with radiofrequency current will terminate tachycardia. These methods are helping to define human reentry circuits. (J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;29:1180–9)
<i>Escherichia coli</i> growth on lactose requires cycling of β-galactosidase products into the medium (1984)

Growth on lactose was found to be restricted in an Escherichia coli strain deficient in its ability to transport glucose and galactose. If the latter sugars were removed from the medium as they were being produced, a wild-type strain grew only poorly, while the transport-deficient strain did not grow at all. These results suggested that all of the products of beta-galactosidase action on lactose are released into the medium before being metabolized. This contention was strongly supported by the finding that the appearance of products in the medium was equal to lactose disappearance at three limiting lactose concentrations and by an experiment which showed that essentially all of the label from added lactose ( [1-14C]glucose) was found in the medium as glucose when chased with unlabelled lactose.
Einleitung (1987)

Bei der Gründung der Econometric Society (1930) wurde die Förderung der ökonomischen Theorie in ihrer Beziehung zu Statistik und Mathematik zu deren Hauptziel erklärt (Econometrica 1, 1933, p. 1). In diesem umfassenden Sinn beinhaltet die ökonometrie die Analyse der Beziehungen zwischen ökonomischen Variablen (wie z.B. Mengen und Preisen, Einkommen und Ausgaben) durch Abstraktion und mathematische Formulierung von Theorien, sowie die Beurteilung der empirischen Brauchbarkeit der daraus resultierenden „Modelle“ mit Hilfe von relevantem Datenmaterial (vgl. Hendry (1980), p. 388).
A Generalized Time–Frequency Subtraction Method for Robust Speech Enhancement Based on Wavelet Filter Banks Modeling of Human Auditory System (2007)

We present a new speech enhancement scheme for a single-microphone system to meet the demand for quality noise reduction algorithms capable of operating at a very low signal-to-noise ratio. A psychoacoustic model is incorporated into the generalized perceptual wavelet denoising method to reduce the residual noise and improve the intelligibility of speech. The proposed method is a generalized time-frequency subtraction algorithm, which advantageously exploits the wavelet multirate signal representation to preserve the critical transient information. Simultaneous masking and temporal masking of the human auditory system are modeled by the perceptual wavelet packet transform via the frequency and temporal localization of speech components. The wavelet coefficients are used to calculate the Bark spreading energy and temporal spreading energy, from which a time-frequency masking threshold is deduced to adaptively adjust the subtraction parameters of the proposed method. An unvoiced speech enhancement algorithm is also integrated into the system to improve the intelligibility of speech. Through rigorous objective and subjective evaluations, it is shown that the proposed speech enhancement system is capable of reducing noise with little speech degradation in adverse noise environments and the overall performance is superior to several competitive methods.
Vasculature Formation Using Three-Dimensional Cell Printing Technology (2010)

One of the major challenges in tissue engineering is vascularization which provides adequate supplies of oxygen and nutrients to cells within thick tissue-engineered constructs. Oxygen, nutrients and other molecules required for cell growth and survival can only diffuse to 150∼200 μm without proper vascular system. For this reason, thicker tissues have diffusion problems and cannot survive/proliferate well. To date, fabrications of relatively thin tissues such as skin and bladder, and cartilage tissues, which require low level of oxygen and nutrients, are reported. Obstacles in vascularization still exist for thick and complex tissue construct such as kidney, lung and heart (1). Overcoming this problem is a critical step to the clinical applications of tissue engineering (2).
NQDI 1, An Inhibitor of ASK1 Attenuates Acute Ischemic Renal Injury by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Cell Death (2013)

Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is among the signaling events that lead to postischemic cell death. Inhibition of ASK1 pathway protected hearts from ischemic damage. The present study evaluated the renal protective effects of NQDI 1, an inhibitor of ASK1, in an animal model of acute ischemic renal failure. Male Wistar rats were subjected to right nephrectomy and clamping of left renal pedicle for 45 min, or sham operation. The administration of NQDI 1 attenuated renal dysfunction and histological changes characteristic for renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Apoptosis of renal tissues, as detected by TUNEL staining, was also reduced together with p53 protein expression, and renal levels of MDA and SOD with NQDI 1 administration and BCL2 was up regulated. In conclusion, inhibition of ASK1 is of therapeutic potential against acute ischemic renal injury. Its protective effects are mediated via inhibition of apoptosis and oxidative stress.
Image Segmentation of Teeth Region by Color Image Analysis (2009)

In this study, we propose a novel color-image segmentation algorithm to discern the teeth region utilizing RG intensity and its relevant RGB histogram features with resolving the variations of its maximum intensity in terms of peaks and valleys. Tooth candidates in a CCD image are first extracted by applying RGB color multi-threshold levels and consequently the successive morphological image operations and a Sobel-mask edge processing are performed to resolve the teeth region and its contour.