gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variations in the Relative Abundance of the Carbon Isotopes (1939)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVariations in the Relative Abundance of the Carbon IsotopesAlfred O. Nier and Earl A. GulbransenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1939, 61, 3, 697–698Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1939Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1939https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01872a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01872a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views748Altmetric-Citations228LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
GTPase-Activating Protein SH2-SH3 Domains Induce Gene Expression in a Ras-Dependent Fashion (1992)

The p21ras GTPase-activating protein (GAP) is thought to function as both a negative regulator and a downstream target of p21ras. Here, we have investigated the role of GAP by using a transient expression assay with a fos luciferase reporter plasmid. We used GAP deletion mutants that lack the domain involved in interaction with p21ras and encode essentially only the SH2-SH3 domains. When these GAP deletion mutants were expressed, we observed a marked induction of fos promoter activity similar to induction by activated p21ras. Expression of a full-length GAP construct had no effect on the activity of the fos promoter. Activation of the fos promoter by these GAP SH2-SH3 regions was inhibited by cotransfection of a dominant inhibitory mutant of p21ras, Ras(Asn-17). Thus, the induction of gene expression by GAP SH2-SH3 domains is dependent on p21ras activity. Moreover, induction of fos promoter activity by GAP SH2-SH3 domains is increased severalfold after cotransfection of an activated mutant of p21ras, Ras(Leu-61), or insulin stimulation of A14 cells, both leading to an increase in the levels of GTP-bound p21ras. The combined effect of Ras(Leu-61) and the GAP deletion mutants was not inhibited by Ras(Asn-17), indicating that GAP SH2-SH3 domains do not function to activate endogenous p21ras but cooperate with another signal coming from active p21ras. These data suggest that GAP SH2-SH3 domains serve to induce gene expression by p21ras but that additional signals coming from p21ras are required for them to function.
Synthesis of some dehydrophenylalanine peptides (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of some dehydrophenylalanine peptidesEdward G. Breitholle and Charles H. StammerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 8, 1344–1349Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00870a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00870a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views259Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The Effect of Computer-generated Reminders on Charting Deficiencies in the ICU (2003)

The decrease was likely due both to the appropriate response of the nurses to the reminders and to a learned attentiveness to the tasks on the part of the nurses who cared for study patients. Greater gains were hindered by incomplete "coupling" of the reminders to the end-of-shift deficiencies and by inaccuracies in the reminders.
Analysis of a balanced analog multiplier for an arbitrary number of signed inputs (2016)

Summary We present an extension of the double‐balanced current‐commutating analog multiplier (also known as the Gilbert cell) that enables the multiplication of an arbitrary number of signed differential input voltages. A general analysis of the circuit for an arbitrary device nonlinearity is provided, and simulations on a bulk CMOS process as well as measurement results of a discrete bipolar implementation are reported. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of a Mutated DNA Ligase IV Gene in the X-ray-hypersensitive Mutant SX10 of Mouse FM3A Cells (2001)

The mouse carcinoma cell line SX10 is a hypersensitive mutant to x-rays and bleomycin. An earlier complementation test suggests that SX10 would belong to x-ray-cross complementing group (XRCC) 4. However, in this study, a human XRCC4 expression vector failed to complement the SX10 phenotype. Consistent with the previous report, SX10 showed the same level of DNA-dependent protein kinase activity as the wild-type SR-1. We isolated and analyzed hybrids between SX10 and human diploid fibroblast cells and found that human chromosome 13 conferred the x-ray resistance to the hybrids, suggesting that a candidate gene would be located on this chromosome. Polymerase chain reaction analysis with these hybrids and x-ray-resistant transformants obtained by introducing human chromosomes into SX10 indicated that the mutant was likely to be defective in DNA ligase IV. Sequence analysis of the DNA ligase IV gene confirmed that a defect in SX10 was attributed to a transition of G to A at nucleotide position 1413 of the gene, leading to an amino acid substitution from Trp at residue 471 to a stop codon. Revertant clones (Rev1-3) derived from SX10 showed a restored x-ray resistance; Rev1 reverted to the original nucleotide G at position 1413, whereas Rev2 and Rev3 to C. Transfection of a mouse DNA ligase IV cDNA vector into SX10 restored the resistance to both x-rays and bleomycin. SX10 showed a reduced frequency of chromosomal integration of transfected DNA, but the revertants restored the frequency found in the wild-type cells. These results suggest a possible involvement of DNA ligase IV in the integration event of foreign DNA as well as a crucial role in DNA double-strand break repair.
ChemInform Abstract: Spectroscopic Manifestations of Potential Surface Coupling Along Normal Coordinates in Transition Metal Complexes. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Slit2–Robo4 Pathway Modulates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Endothelial Inflammation and Its Expression Is Dysregulated during Endotoxemia (2013)

The secretory protein Slit2 and its receptors Robo1 and Robo4 are considered to regulate mobility and permeability of endothelial cells and other cell types. However, the roles of Slit2 and its two receptors in endothelial inflammatory responses remain to be clarified. In this study, we show that, in primary HUVECs, Slit2 represses LPS-induced secretion of certain inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, cell adhesion molecule ICAM-1 upregulation, and monocyte adhesion. Slit2's anti-inflammatory effect is mediated by its dominant endothelial-specific receptor Robo4. However, the minor receptor Robo1 has proinflammatory properties and is downregulated by Slit2 via targeting of miR-218. Elucidation of molecular mechanism reveals that Slit2 represses inflammatory responses by inhibiting the Pyk2-NF-κB pathway downstream of LPS-TLR4. Further studies reveal that LPS enhances endothelial inflammation by downregulating the anti-inflammatory Slit2 and Robo4 in HUVECs in vitro, as well as in arterial endothelial cells and liver in vivo during endotoxemia. These results suggest that Slit2-Robo4 signaling is important in regulating LPS-induced endothelial inflammation, and LPS, in turn, enhances inflammation by interfering with the expression of the anti-inflammatory Slit2-Robo4 during the disease state. This implies that Slit2-Robo4 is a key regulator of endothelial inflammation, and its dysregulation during endotoxemia is a novel mechanism for LPS-induced vascular pathogenesis.
Ring A Modifications of Podocarpic Acid: Towards the Synthesis of Quassinoids (1991)

Efficient methods for the formation of the hydroxy enone moieties in (17), (18), (45) and (46) from podocarpic acid (1) have been developed. The exocyclic alkene (13) has been converted into the a-hydroxy enones (17) and (18) in six steps and high overall yield. Oxidation of the enones (7) and (44) with manganese(III) acetate gave high yields of the a-acetoxy enones (10) and (47) and (48), respectively. Hydrolysis of (10), (47) and (48) afforded the a-hydroxy enones (11), (45) and (46), respectively. Hydroboration-oxidation of the alkene mixture (38) and (41) provided the alcohol (53) (53%) which was readily oxidized to the ketone (21) (92%). This ketone (21) was converted in three steps into the hydroxy enone (57) in 39% overall yield. Hydroxylation of the enone (44) via the silyl dienol ether (58) gave the a- hydroxy enones (45) (16%) and (46) (33%). The stereochemistry of 12-methoxy-19-nor-5ß-podocarpa-3,8,11,13-tetraen-2-one (44) was established by X-ray crystallography.
Human Versus Chimpanzee Chromosome-wide Sequence Comparison and Its Evolutionary Implication (2003)

Homo sapiens is a unique organism characterized by itshighly developed brain, use of complex languages,bipedal locomotion, and so on. These unique featureshave been acquired by a series of mutation and selectionevents during evolution in the human lineage and aremainly determined by genetic factors encoded in the human genome. It is of great interest and also of great importance from biological and medical viewpoints to understand what kind of genetic factors are involved inthese complex human features and how they have beenestablished during human evolution (Carrol 2003). Recent completion of the human genome sequence provideda solid platform for addressing these issues. However, theinformation obtained from the human genome alone is insufficient to discover genetic changes specific to human.The genomes of several experimental organisms such asmouse, fly, and nematode have successfully been used tocharacterize the human genome, but they are evolutionarily too distant to zoom in on the human-specific changes.Therefore, we definitely need the genome sequence of theclosest organism to human. Detailed molecular anthropological studies have now established that the chimpanzee(and bonobo) is the closest organism to human, followedby the gorilla (see, e.g., Sibley and Ahlquist 1984; Saitou1991; Chen and Li 2001; Wildman et al. 2003). Thechimpanzee genome is thus the best for comparison withthe human genome to elucidate the genetic changes thathave occurred on the human lineage in the past 5–6 million years, providing us with important clues to addressthe above issues...
Thai-Australian Biomedical Engineering collaboration in development of a blood collection monitor (2012)

A case study is presented involving the early stage of a collaborative Biomedical Engineering project between Thai and Australian researchers. The case study involves development of a blood collection monitor intended potentially to fill the needs of Thai hospitals. Results of developing this medical device were found from particular experiments.
Bloch-surface-waves-induced fano resonance in magneto-optical response of magnetophotonic crystals (2017)

Magnetophotonic crystals (MPCs) support Bloch surface waves (BSWs) and waveguided modes (WGMs) propagation. The influence of the BSW on the Faraday effect in the one-dimensional MPCs is studied. The technique of measuring the angle of Faraday rotation in the MPCs in attenuated total internal reflection scheme in Kretschmann configuration is discussed. The spectra of Faraday rotation demonstrate a Fano-shaped resonance near the spectral-angular position of the BSW resonance both for s- and p-polarized incident light. The presence of the feature in the spectrum of p-polarized light can be explained by the Faraday rotation effect and subsequent BSW excitation mutually enhancing each other.
Taxonomic and functional diversity of pseudomonads isolated from the roots of field-grown canola (2002)

Among the most important rhizosphere bacteria are the pseudomonads, which are aggressive colonizers and utilize a wide range of substrates as carbon sources. The objective of this study was to determine if the taxonomic or metabolic diversity of pseudomonads differed among field-grown canola cultivars. Bacteria (n=2257) were isolated from the rhizosphere and root interior of six cultivars of field-grown canola, including three transgenic varieties. The bacteria were identified by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis, and about 35% were identified as Pseudomonas species. The most abundant species were Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas chlororaphis. Dendrograms based on FAME analysis revealed that many pseudomonad strains were found in all of the canola cultivars. Pseudomonads of the same strain were found in both the rhizosphere and the root interior of canola plants, suggesting that endophytic bacteria were a subset of the rhizosphere community. Because metabolic profiling provides more useful information than taxonomy, P. putida and P. chlororaphis isolates were characterized for their ability to utilize carbon substrates and produce several enzymes. Bacteria isolated from different plant cultivars had different carbon utilization profiles, but when only carbon substrates found in root exudates were analyzed, the cultivar effect was less pronounced. These characterizations also demonstrated that bacteria that were determined by FAME to be the same strain were metabolically different, suggesting functional redundancy among Pseudomonas isolates. The results of this study suggest that pseudomonads were functionally diverse. They differed in their metabolic potential among the canola cultivars from which they were isolated. Because bacteria capable of using many substrates can effectively adapt to new environments, these results have implications for the use of pseudomonads as biofertilizers, biological control agents and plant growth-promoting bacteria in canola.
The Relation of the Actuarial Profession to the State (1898)

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Fault Tree Analysis of Schoharie Creek Bridge Collapse (2007)

The United States has witnessed several bridge collapses that have resulted in human fatalities. One such failure was the Schoharie Creek Bridge (1987), which motivated the improvement of bridge management policies and procedures. This paper offers a detailed review of the events that resulted in this bridge failure through the use of fault tree analysis. A fault tree is a graphical depiction of the various failure paths that lead to an undesirable outcome. The tree presented considers a host of catastrophic events ranging from vessel collision to fire. Fault trees also provide quantitative assessment and comparison of different failure mechanisms. The results of this analysis present scour as the source of the collapse of this bridge, which was in reality the root cause. Knowledge of the vulnerabilities particular to a bridge aids in the management of similar bridge types, allowing focus upon critical aspects. Recognition of historical bridge failures offers awareness to current bridge engineers and managers that aids in the decision making that promotes public safety and structure preservation. Lessons learned will help avoid similar catastrophic failures in the future.
Perioperative Neuronal Injury After Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest and Cardiac Surgery (2005)

s: 33rd Annual Meeting of the Society of Neurosurgical Anesthesia and Critical Care: CEREBRAL PROTECTION/TECHNIQUES
Synthesis, structure and reactions of a dinitrogen complex of iron(0), [Fe(N2)(depe)2] (depe = Et2PCH2CH2PEt2) (1997)

Reduction of [FeCl2(depe)2] (depe = Et2PCH2CH2PEt2) by sodium–naphthalene under nitrogen gave a dinitrogen complex of iron(0), [Fe(N2)(depe)2] 1, in 72% yield. The crystal structure of 1 shows that the dinitrogen ligand bonds in an end-on fashion in a trigonal-bipyramidal geometry. Protonolysis of 1 by HCl gave trans-[FeH(Cl)(depe)2] with quantitative evolution of molecular nitrogen and then [FeCl2(depe)2] with molecular hydrogen. The dinitrogen ligand in 1 can be replaced by small molecules such as CO, CS2 or H2 to give [Fe(CO)(depe)2], [Fe(CS2)(depe)2] and cis-[FeH2(depe)2] respectively. The molecular structure of [Fe(CO)(depe)2] has been established by X-ray analysis.
Exploring the Role of Conformational Heterogeneity in <i>cis</i>-Autoproteolytic Activation of ThnT (2014)

In the past decade, there have been major achievements in understanding the relationship between enzyme catalysis and protein structural plasticity. In autoprocessing systems, however, there is a sparsity of direct evidence of the role of conformational dynamics, which are complicated by their intrinsic chemical reactivity. ThnT is an autoproteolytically activated enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the β-lactam antibiotic thienamycin. Conservative mutation of ThnT results in multiple conformational states that can be observed via X-ray crystallography, establishing ThnT as a representative and revealing system for studing how conformational dynamics control autoactivation at a molecular level. Removal of the nucleophile by mutation to Ala disrupts the population of a reactive state and causes widespread structural changes from a conformation that promotes autoproteolysis to one associated with substrate catalysis. Finer probing of the active site polysterism was achieved by EtHg derivatization of the nucleophile, which indicates the active site and a neighboring loop have coupled dynamics. Disruption of these interactions by mutagenesis precludes the ability to observe a reactive state through X-ray crystallography, and application of this insight to other autoproteolytically activated enzymes offers an explanation for the widespread crystallization of inactive states. We suggest that the N→O(S) acyl shift in cis-autoproteolysis might occur through a si-face attack, thereby unifying the fundamental chemistry of these enzymes through a common mechanism.
Microstructure of Fragile Metallic Glasses Inferred from Ultrasound-Accelerated Crystallization in Pd-Based Metallic Glasses (2005)

By utilizing ultrasonic annealing at a temperature below (or near) the glass transition temperature Tg, we revealed a microstructural pattern of a partially crystallized Pd-based metallic glass with a high-resolution electron microscopy. On the basis of the observed microstructure, we inferred a plausible microstructural model of fragile metallic glasses composed of strongly bonded regions surrounded by weakly bonded regions (WBRs). The crystallization in WBRs at such a low temperature under the ultrasonic vibrations is caused by accumulation of atomic jumps associated with the beta relaxation being resonant with the ultrasonic strains. This microstructural model successfully illustrates a marked increase of elasticity after crystallization with a small density change and a correlation between the fragility of the liquid and the Poisson ratio of the solid.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF AMINO ACID AND 4,5‐DIHYDRO‐6H‐1,3‐THIAZINE DERIVATIVES FOR THE PREPARATION OF CEPHALOSPORIN COMPOUNDS (1981)

Abstract Das Glycinat (I) wird mit Butyllithium und α‐Halogenketon (II) zum Aminosäureester (III) umgesetzt, der mit Ethylthio format und Kaliumcarbonat zum lß‐Thiazin (V) cyclisiert wird.
Broadband Diffuse Optical Spectroscopic Imaging (2011)

Diuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) employs model-based photon-migration methods to quantitatively separate light absorption spectra from scattering spectra in multiple scattering thick tissues. Diuse optical spectroscopic imaging (DOSI) extends this technology to an imaging format in order to map spectra from discrete regions of tissue. Bandwidth is achieved by combining time-independent spectroscopy with frequency-domain photon migration (FDPM), reducing dependence on the availability of specic diode lasers while expanding spectral content to hundreds of near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths (∼600-1000 nm). is combined approach improves the accuracy of absorption and scattering spectra calculations and allows simultaneous characterization of absorption contributions from several endogenous and exogenous chromophores (Bevilacqua et al. 2000).
Preparation, characterization, and <i>in vitro</i> degradation of bioresorbable and bioactive composites based on Bioglass®‐filled polylactide foams (2003)

Highly porous poly(D,L-lactide)/Bioglass composites scaffolds were prepared by thermally induced phase separation process of polymer solutions and subsequent solvent sublimation. A series of composite foams with different polymer/Bioglass weight ratios was prepared to study the influence of Bioglass content on the foam characteristics such as porous structure, density, and pore volume. The pore volume was decreased from 9.5 to 5.7 cm(3)/g when the Bioglass content was increased up to 40 wt %, but the overall pore morphology was not affected very much by changing the polymer/glass composition ratio. The composites foams were then incubated in phosphate-buffered saline at 37 degrees C to study the in vitro degradation of the polymer and to detect hydroxyapatite (HA) formation as an indication of their bioactivity. The addition of Bioglass to polymer foams increased the water absorption and weight loss as compared with pure polymer foams. However, the polymer molecular weight, determined by size exclusion chromatography, was found to decrease more rapidly and to a larger extent in absence of Bioglass. This delayed degradation rate in the composite foams was probably caused by the dissolution of alkaline ions from the Bioglass, resulting in a buffering effect of the incubation medium. After incubation for 7 days, HA was detected by X-ray diffractometry and Raman spectroscopy and confirmed by environmental scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The porous composites developed here are promising materials for bone regeneration applications because the formation of HA on the surface of the pore walls should provide good environment for the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts and osteoprogenitor cells.