gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Failure-Aware Construction and Reconfiguration of Distributed Virtual Machines for High Availability Computing (2009)

In large-scale clusters and computational grids, component failures become norms instead of exceptions. Failure occurrence as well as its impact on system performance and operation costs have become an increasingly important concern to system designers and administrators. In this paper, we study how to efficiently utilize system resources for high-availability clusters with the support of the virtual machine (VM) technology. We design a reconfigurable distributed virtual machine (RDVM) infrastructure for clusters computing. We propose failure-aware node selection strategies for the construction and reconfiguration of RDVMs. We leverage the proactive failure management techniques in calculating nodes' reliability status. We consider both the performance and reliability status of compute nodes in making selection decisions. We define a capacity-reliability metric to combine the effects of both factors in node selection, and propose best-fit algorithms to find the best qualified nodes on which to instantiate VMs to run parallel jobs. We have conducted experiments using failure traces from production clusters and the NAS parallel benchmark programs on a real cluster. The results show the enhancement of system productivity and dependability by using the proposed strategies. With the best-fit strategies, the job completion rate is increased by 17.6% compared with that achieved in the current LANL HPC cluster, and the task completion rate reaches 91.7%.
Dose proportionality studies of novel thiazolidinedione derivatives as potent antidiabetic agents in mice. (1995)

The determination of the plasma concentrations of the new oral antidiabetic agents BM 13.1246 ((+/-)-5-[4-[2-(5-methyl-2-phenyl-4-oxazolyl)-ethoxy] benzyl]-2,4-thiazolidinedione), [sequence: see text] BM 13.1215 ((+/-)-5-[(5-methyl-2-phenyl-4-oxazolyl)-methyl-2- benzofuranyl-5-methyl]-2,4-oxazolidinedione), [sequence: see text] and BM 50.1050 ((+/-)-5[4-[2-(5-methyl-2-phenyl-4-oxazolyl)-ethoxy] naphthalyl]methyl-2,4-thiazolidinedione) [sequence: see text] in ob/ob mice plasma was performed by using liquid-liquid extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet (270 nm) detection. The analytical procedures have recoveries of more than 80%, and a between-run precision of less than 4% for all analysed compounds. The pharmacokinetic behaviour, especially the dose proportionality, was investigated in ob/ob mice after repeated oral doses of 1 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. All compounds were absorbed quickly and attained maximum plasma concentrations within 2-5 h after administration. In the examined interval of dosing, an approximately proportional increase of the plasma levels for BM 13.1246 and BM 50.1050 was observed. After repeated oral doses the terminal half-lives are about 4 h for BM 13.1246, 8 h for BM 13.1215, and 6 h for BM 50.1050.
Quantizer monotonicities and globally optimal scalar quantizer design (1993)

New monotonicity properties of optimal scalar quantizers are discussed. These monotonicities reveal a globally optimal scalar quantizer structure depending on the probability mass functions and on the number of quantizer levels. By incorporating the monotone quantizer structure into a dynamic programming process, the time complexities of previous algorithms for designing globally optimal scalar quantizers can be significantly reduced for very general classes of distortion measures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Topologies for wavelength-routing all-optical networks (1993)

Three regular meshed topologies are compared in light of their possible use for the implementation of large all-optical wavelength-routing communication networks (or interconnection systems). These systems provide all source-destination pairs with end-to-end transparent channels that are identified through a wavelength and a physical path. The considered topologies are the K-dimensional bidirectional square lattice, the twin shuffle, and the de Bruijn graph. The comparison is based on the maximum and average distance between source and destination (number of traversed nodes), on the degree of connectivity for each node (number of input and output fibers), and on the minimum number of wavelengths in the WDM comb necessary to discriminate all source-destination pairs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Isotype antibody response in cows to Streptococcus agalactiae group B polysaccharide-ovalbumin conjugate (1992)

Adult dairy cows were immunized with group B antigen (GBA) of Streptococcus agalactiae or GBA coupled to ovalbumin, both emulsified in incomplete Freund adjuvant, and their sera were examined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay measuring bovine immunoglobulin isotypes (immunoglobulin G1 [IgG1], IgG2, and IgM) specific for GBA. All of the cows possessed naturally acquired antibodies against GBA, which implied that primary antibody responses could not be studied. At the highest dose tested (200 micrograms), free GBA elicited a slight increase in antibody titers only in the IgM isotype, to which most of the naturally acquired antibodies to GBA belonged. A second administration of antigen was not more effective. The conjugate was able to induce a strong humoral response against GBA, particularly in the IgG1 and IgG2 subisotypes, and a second injection of the conjugate induced a doubling of the peak antibody titers. Therefore, conjugation of GBA to a protein carrier markedly improved the antibody response, which showed the main characteristics of T-cell dependency. The opsonic activity of serum against an unencapsulated strain of S. agalactiae was reinforced by the immunization with the conjugate.
Review of "Data Communication Standards by G. C. Schutz and G. E. Clark, IEEE Spectrum Vol. 7 No. 2, February 1974" (1974)

No abstract available.
A PI-PD controller design for integrating processes (1999)

A model-based PI-PD controller design, which enables a tighter control for integrating processes because of more tuning parameters, is proposed. Several procedures for obtaining the parameters of the PI-PD controller are possible but one of the simplest approaches, which is used in this paper, is to employ ISTE standard forms as this enables the design to be completed using simple algebra. Also, an exact method for model extraction of some integrating processes which may or may not have a time delay is presented. The method is compared with several existing methods to control integrating processes and it is shown that the proposed method is superior to existing ones.
Correction method for quantitative area determination of overlapping chromatographic peaks based on the exponentially modified Gaussian (EMG) model (1987)

Abstract A simple method is presented for peak area correction of overlapping peaks. This correction is necessary for the normal approach of dealing with overlapping peaks by a vertical line at the valley point. The relative area errors caused by this vertical line are calculated as the correction factors in three dimensions of peak separation, peak ratio, and peak tailing skew. The calculation is based on the exponentially modified Gaussian asymmetric peak model.
INSTITUTIONAL QUALITY AND FINANCIAL STRESS: EXPERIENCE FROM EMERGING COUNTRY (2013)

The purpose of this study is to assess the institutional determinants of financial stress. In particular, we focus on the link between institutional quality and financial instability as measured by the financial stress index. The sample under-study covers the period 1996-2011 for a panel of 21 developping countries. The retreat in MCG showed that the quality of institutions enunciating the freedom of expression and accountability, political stability and anti- violence, government effectiveness, regulatory quality and the rule of the law, appeared statistically in significance with the index of financial stress. Then, a better institutional quality will help bring down the financial tensions and stabilize financial markets. A set of institutional reforms will be urgently requested.
Improved wedge-plate shearing interferometric technique for a collimation test (1992)

An improved wedge-plate shearing interferometric technique for collimation testing is presented. With two mirrors, the technique provides a twofold increase in sensitivity and has its own reference.
Central corneal endothelial cell changes over a ten-year period. (1997)

Human central endothelial cell density decreases at an average rate of approximately 0.6% per year in normal corneas throughout adult life, with gradual increases in polymegethism and pleomorphism.
The Effects of Dry Eye on the Corneal Thickness Measured by Orbscan and Ultrasonic Pachymetry. (2002)

Purpose : To evaluate the effect of dry eye on the corneal thickness measured by Orbscan and ultrasonic pachymetry. Methods : The central corneal thickness was measured by both ultrasonic and Orbscan pachymetry in 30 eyes with dry eye (dry eye group) and in 30 eyes of normal subjects (control group). Dry eye was diagnosed when a Schirmer test result was less than 10 mm (after topical anesthesia) and the test for tear osmolarity was also performed. Results : Tear osmolarity was 364.442.9 mOsm/L in dry eye group and 337.834.5 mOsm/L in control group. It was significantly higher in dry eye group than in the control group (p=0.011). Mean central corneal thickness measured by Orbscan pachymetry was 547.527.3 in dry eye group and 562.020.4 in the control group. It was significantly thinner in dry eye group than in the control group (p=0.023). Mean central corneal thickness measured by ultrasonic pachymetry was 535.727.2 in dry eye group and 547.620.1 in the control group with out significant difference between the two groups (p=0.059). Conclusions :The corneal thickness measured by ultrasonic pachymetry is less affected by dry eye compared to that measured by Orbscan pachymetry.
Initial characterization of neutral proteinases from oral spirochetes (1986)

Intermediate size oral spirochetes were isolated and cultured from subgingival plaque of periodontitis patients utilizing a membrane separation and rifambin selection technique. Neutral salt extracts of the spirochetes were assayed for proteolytic activity against collagen types I and IV, gelatin, and synthetic elastase and trypsin substrates. Type IV collagen obtained from lens capsule basement membrane was degraded to small peptides by the spirochete proteinases. No marked degradation of type I collagen was found when incubations were performed at 25°C. The extracts were able, however, to activate latent collagenase obtained from human gingival fibroblasts and to degrade further the ¼ and ¾ fragments resulting from the collagenase cleavage. Denatured collagen was also degraded by the extracts. High trypsin‐Iike activity and relatively lower elastase‐like enzyme activity were also present in spirochete extracts. The results show that oral spirochetes have a potential for degradation of several proteins and that they may, therefore, have an active role in tissue destruction during periodontal disease.
5-Hydroxyadamantan-2-One (1984)

Abstract An improved, convenient and rapid procedure is described for the conversion of adamantanone into the title compound on a multigram scale in 60% yield.
Auctions for Transferable Objects: Theory and Evidence (1992)

(1) A method is described for counting nuclei in wax-embedded histological sections of epithelium. The counts are independent of section thickness over a wide range (4-10 mum). (2) counts of nuclei were made in villi and crypts of rat small intestine fixed either collapsed or distended by a hydrostatic pressure equivalent to 350 mm of water. There was no significant difference between the counts of nuclei in collapsed or distended gut. (3) Distension reduced the absolute height of villi, and increased their absolute width at the base. (4) The implications of these findings for studies of the morphological basis of intestinal adaptation are discussed.
Anti-inflammatory, anti-lipid peroxidative, antioxidant and membrane stabilizing activities of hydroalcoholic extract of<i>Terminalia chebula</i>fruits (2013)

These promising findings support the traditional use of T. chebula fruits in the treatment of arthritic disorders and suggest that radical quenching may be one of the mechanisms for its anti-inflammatory activity.
Scaling of Strain-induced Mobility Enhancements in Advanced CMOS Technology (2008)

Mobility enhancement by strain is a critical element in today¿s CMOS technology, and enables continued performance scaling. By modulating fundamental material properties, various strained Si techniques boost device and circuit performance independent of geometric and power supply scaling. Challenges for strained Si in aggressively scaled technology demand new ideas and materials.
Mutations in serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 are strongly associated with chronic pancreatitis (2002)

Background: Although chronic pancreatitis is associated with risk factors such as alcoholism, hyperparathyroidism, and hypertriglyceridaemia, little is known of the actual aetiology of the disease. It is thought that inappropriate activation of trypsinogen causes pancreatitis, and indeed in cases of hereditary pancreatitis mutations of cationic trypsinogen (PRSS1) have been described. As serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) is a potent natural inhibitor of pancreatic trypsin activity, we hypothesised that SPINK1 mutations would be more common than expected among an unselected cohort of adult chronic pancreatitis patients. Aims: To detect the prevalence of SPINK1 mutations in a cohort of chronic pancreatitis patients. Methods: DNA was isolated from a cohort of 115 adult patients with chronic pancreatitis of alcoholic (n=72), hereditary (n=10), idiopathic (n=24), and miscellaneous (n=9) origin. We performed mutational analysis for two PRSS1 mutations (R122H, N29I) and four specific SPINK1 gene mutations (M1T, L14P, N34S, P55S) and compared the results with a control group of 120 healthy Dutch subjects. Results: In six of the 10 patients that fulfilled the criteria for hereditary pancreatitis, but in none of the control subjects, mutations in the PRSS1 gene were found. In 14 patients we detected a SPINK1 mutation. Eleven patients were heterozygous for the N34S mutation and sequencing confirmed the homozygous state of N34S in a brother and sister. Two patients carried the P55S mutation, one as a compound heterozygote with N34S. The M1T and L14P SPINK1 mutations were not found in our cohort. The N34S mutation was detected in only two of 120 controls, while the P55S, M1T, and L14P mutations were absent in the same group. Patients with the N34S allele had a later onset of disease than those with PRSS1 gene mutations but earlier onset compared with the mutation negative group. Conclusion: Identification of SPINK1 mutations in 12.2% of patients with adult alcoholic and idiopathic chronic pancreatitis suggests an important role for SPINK1 as a predisposing factor in adult chronic pancreatitis.
Metric Learning for Keyword Spotting (2021)

The goal of this work is to train effective representations for keyword spotting via metric learning. Most existing works address keyword spotting as a closed-set classification problem, where both target and non-target keywords are predefined. Therefore, prevailing classifier-based keyword spot-ting systems perform poorly on non-target sounds which are unseen during the training stage, causing high false alarm rates in real-world scenarios. In reality, keyword spotting is a detection problem where predefined target keywords are detected from a variety of unknown sounds. This shares many similarities to metric learning problems in that the unseen and unknown non-target sounds must be clearly differentiated from the target keywords. However, a key difference is that the target keywords are known and predefined. To this end, we propose a new method based on metric learning that maximises the distance between target and non-target key-words, but also learns per-class weights for target keywords as in classification objectives. Experiments on the Google Speech Commands dataset show that our method significantly reduces false alarms to unseen non-target keywords, while maintaining the overall classification accuracy.
Temporal sequence learning and data reduction for anomaly detection (1999)

The anomaly-detection problem can be formulated as one of learning to characterize the behaviors of an individual, system, or network in terms of temporal sequences of discrete data. We present an approach on the basis of instance-based learning (IBL) techniques. To cast the anomaly-detection task in an IBL framework, we employ an approach that transforms temporal sequences of discrete, unordered observations into a metric space via a similarity measure that encodes intra-attribute dependencies. Classification boundaries are selected from an a posteriori characterization of valid user behaviors, coupled with a domain heuristic. An empirical evaluation of the approach on user command data demonstrates that we can accurately differentiate the profiled user from alternative users when the available features encode sufficient information. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the system detects anomalous conditions quickly — an important quality for reducing potential damage by a malicious user. We present several techniques for reducing data storage requirements of the user profile, including instance-selection methods and clustering. As empirical evaluation shows that a new greedy clustering algorithm reduces the size of the user model by 70%, with only a small loss in accuracy.
On the design of an interactive spelling dictionary for personal computers (1983)

The major spelling error detection techniques are briefly reviewed. The virtual hashing technique is described, and results indicate that it could be an efficient way of storing and searching an interactive dictionary on a personal computer.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOSPHORYLATED DERIVATIVES OF HYDROXYBENZOPHENONES. I. SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF PHOSPHORYLATED DERIVATIVES OF P‐HYDROXYBENZOPHENONE (1983)

Abstract p‐Hydroxybenzophenon (I) reagiert mit den cyclischen Phosphorigsäurechloriden (II) oder (IV) zu den cyclischen Phosphiten (III) bzw. (V).
Ozone Production and Costs (1959)

The Philadelphia ozonation plant has some unusual design features. Because it was a pioneering project, some changes later proved necessary; satisfactory modifications were found. Equipment to produce completely dust-free and thoroughly dried air proved its value. Guaranteed capacities of ozone generation and efficiencies have been exceeded. With long operation there has been no appreciable change in either. Maintenance has been greatly below that forecast, and constant attendance has proved unnecessary. Operational costs are not inconsistent with costs for other oxidation processes used in water treatment. Overhead costs for this plant are not comparable with those for a plant built at present. Reduction of tastes and odors and removal of manganese have been appreciable, and good bacterial and coliform organism kills have resulted.
Die Spaltung recemischer Carbonylverbindungen über bifunktionelle Reagenzien mittels optisch aktiver Basen (1972)

Abstract dl ‐Hydratropaaldehyd ( I ), dl ‐3‐Methyl‐cyclohexanon ( II ) und dl ‐Carvon ( III ) werden mit den bifunktionellen Reagenzien 4‐Hydrazino‐benzoesäure ( 1 ), 3‐Hydrazino‐benzoesäure ( 2 ), Phenylhydrazin‐4‐sulfonsäure ( 3 ) und Oxalsäuremonohydrazid ( 4 ) in Hydrazoncarbonsäuren bzw. ‐sulfonsäuren umgewandelt und dann mittels optisch aktiver Basen (Brucin, α‐Phenyl‐äthylamin, N ‐Benzyl‐α‐phenyl‐äthylamin) gespalten. 4 vermittelt hierbei die stärksten anisotropen Eigenschaften. – Bei der Angabe von Schmelzpunkten und spezifischen Drehwerten der optisch aktiven, kristallinen N.N′ ‐disubstituierten Hydrazone müssen die Kristallisations‐bedingungen mitgeteilt werden, da beide Werte von der Temperatur und vom Lösungsmittel beim Umkristallisieren abhängen.
Adsorption Behavior of Metal ions by Na-Cellulose (1994)

A Na-cellulose adsorbent was prepared by treating Sigma S-5504 cellulose with 2M NaOH and examined the adsorption behavior between metal ions and Na-cellulose in aqueous solution with batch method. Considering ion exchange capacity of Na-cellulose, the adsorption ratio of the Na-cellulose to metals charge equivalent indicated that the adsorption result from ion exchanging between metal ions and Na-cellulose. The enthalpy for the metal adsorption on the Na-cellulose was calculated to -18kcal/mol, which value was compared to those of carboxymethylcellulose(CMC) and Dowex 50W-X8, these result suggested that the adsorption on Na-cellulose resulted from ion exchange adsorption.
Review of Intent Detection Methods in the Human-Machine Dialogue System (2019)

Abstract Spoken language understanding is an important part of the human-machine dialogue system, intent detection is a sub-task of spoken language understanding, and it is very important. The accuracy of intent detection is directly related to the performance of semantic slot filling, and it is helpful to the following research of the dialogue system. Considering the difficulty of intent detection in human-machine dialogue system, the traditional machine learning method cannot understand the deep semantic information of user’s discourse. This paper mainly analyzes, compares and summarizes the deep learning methods applied in the research of intent detection in recent years, and further considers how to apply deep learning model to multi-intent detection task, so as to promote the research of multi-intent detection methods based on deep neural network.
Estimation of legacy application upgrade time using evolutionary approach (2013)

The paper proposes an approach for predicting application upgrade time that is being upgraded from one version to another. The focus is primarily concentrated on applications with upgrades consisting mainly of upgrading the relational database. Chosen application databases have the same schema but the content of tables varies. Data from the upgrades are processed and the proposed solution predicting duration of upgrade for the database which is set to be upgraded provides an estimation whose accuracy is dependent on the number of performed upgrades. The solution is demonstrated on particular enterprise application.