gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Suppression of Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis by Combination Chemotherapy with Duazomycin-A and 6-Mercaptopurine (1969)

Experimental allergic encephalomelitis (EAE) in rats was used to study the immunosuppressive properties of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and a glutamine antagonist, Duazomycin A (DZM), alone and in combination. The results indicate that while DZM alone had no immunosuppressive activity, it significantly enhanced the effectiveness of 6-MP in this disorder without increasing toxicity. The favorable results with this rational combination of antimetabolities in an experimental “auto-immune” disease associated with delayed hypersensitivity suggests similar applicability to disorders characterized by altered immune reactivity in man.
Video Clock Time Reconition Based on Temporal Periodic Pattern Change of the Digit Characters (2006)

A novel Temporal Neighboring Pattern Similarity (TNPS) measure is proposed to recognize the time of a digital clock overlay. TNPS detects the presence of a clock overlay by monitoring the periodic changes of the clock digit, and infers the clock time by its natural transition cycle. Compared to traditional methods such as OCR, this method is faster and more reliable because it converts a pattern recognition problem to a pattern change detection problem. Experiments show the recognition result is promising and accurate. One of the applications for this method is to detect the start time of soccer game for our real time live soccer video highlights and event alerts.
Weakly Supervised Learning of Foreground-Background Segmentation using Masked RBMs (2011)

We propose an extension of the Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) that allows the joint shape and appearance of foreground objects in cluttered images to be modeled independently of the background. We present a learning scheme that learns this representation directly from cluttered images with only very weak supervision. The model generates plausible samples and performs foreground-background segmentation. We demonstrate that representing foreground objects independently of the background can be beneficial in recognition tasks.
Reliability Analysis of Memories Suffering Multiple Bit Upsets (2007)

The reliability of memory systems that are exposed to soft errors has been studied in the past with the aim of deriving the mean time to failure (MTTF) and the probability of failing in a given time interval. On those studies, the soft errors were considered to arrive following a Poissonian basis and they were assumed to be single uncorrelated events (each event causes only one soft error). Recent studies suggest that multiple bit upsets (MBUs) are a significant part of the error events in advanced memory technologies and that they will continue to grow in the next technology nodes. The errors in an MBU are normally caused by the same physical event and therefore affect memory cells that are close together. This poses a major problem to memories that are protected with per-word single error correction codes, as an MBU is likely to affect two or more bits in the same word, causing an uncorrectable error. To avoid that problem, interleaving is used to ensure that cells that are physically close together belong to different logical words, so that the errors in an MBU are distributed over a number of words each suffering only one error. Although some works have been done that characterize memories under radiation tests, no mathematical model of the effect of MBUs on the reliability of a memory has been proposed in the literature, to the best of the authors' knowledge. Therefore, in this paper, the reliability of memories suffering MBUs is analyzed in detail. The fundamental result from that analysis is that the MTTF of a memory exposed to MBUs can be approximated using the existing results for single event upsets by adjusting the error arrival rate.
Molecular and clinical aspects of potential neurotoxicity induced by new psychoactive stimulants and psychedelics (2021)

New psychoactive stimulants and psychedelics continue to play an important role on the illicit new psychoactive substance (NPS) market. Designer stimulants and psychedelics both affect monoaminergic systems, although by different mechanisms. Stimulant NPS primarily interact with monoamine transporters, either as inhibitors or as substrates. Psychedelic NPS most potently interact with serotonergic receptors and mediate their mind-altering effects mainly through agonism at serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine-2A (5-HT<sub>2A</sub>) receptors. Rarely, designer stimulants and psychedelics are associated with potentially severe adverse effects. However, due to the high number of emerging NPS, it is not possible to investigate the toxicity of each individual substance in detail. The brain is an organ particularly sensitive to substance-induced toxicity due to its high metabolic activity. In fact, stimulant and psychedelic NPS have been linked to neurological and cognitive impairments. Furthermore, studies using in vitro cell models or rodents indicate a variety of mechanisms that could potentially lead to neurotoxic damage in NPS users. Cytotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress may potentially contribute to neurotoxicity of stimulant NPS in addition to altered neurochemistry. Serotonin 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptor-mediated toxicity, oxidative stress, and activation of mitochondrial apoptosis pathways could contribute to neurotoxicity of some psychedelic NPS. However, it remains unclear how well the current preclinical data of NPS-induced neurotoxicity translate to humans.
Avances en el manejo de la lesión de isquemia/reperfusión, con referencia a los 21 aminoesteroides (1990)

La liberacion de radicales libres de oxigeno, la acumulacion de calcio intracelular, el aumento de la permeabilidad vascular, y la deplecion de ATP celular son cambios frecuentemente observados durante la lesion de isquemia/reperfusion.
High Dynamic Range THz Systems using ErAs:In(Al)GaAs Photoconductors (2019)

This paper reviews progress on ErAs:In(Al)GaAs photomixers for operation with telecom lasers at 1550 nm, including linearity and absorption coefficient measurements, specifications, packaging example, and applications in vector spectrometry. We have achieved a receiver noise equivalent power as low as 1.81 fW/Hz at 188 GHz under continuous-wave operation and a bandwidth of more than 6 THz and a peak dynamic range of 89 dB under pulsed operation.
Pharm.D. Pathways to Biomedical Research: The National Institutes of Health Special Conference on Pharmacy Research (2008)

To address the shortage of research-trained pharmaceutical scientists (or doctor of pharmacy [Pharm.D.] scientists), a 2-day pharmacy research conference titled "Pharm.D. Pathways to Biomedical Research" was convened on December 13-14, 2006, at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) campus (Bethesda, MD). The workshop included invited speakers and participants from academia, industry, and government. Forty-two pharmacy schools were represented, including deans and clinical pharmaceutical scientists with current NIH funding. In addition, several pharmacy professional organizations were represented--American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, American College of Clinical Pharmacy, American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, and the Accreditation Council on Pharmaceutical Education. The workshop was divided into three sessions followed by breakout discussion groups: the first session focused on presentations by leading pharmaceutical scientists who described their path to success; the second session examined the NIH grant system, particularly as it relates to training opportunities in biomedical research and funding mechanisms; and the third session addressed biomedical research education and training from the perspective of scientific societies and academia. We summarize the discussions and findings from the workshop and highlight some important considerations for the future of research in the pharmacy community. This report also puts forth recommendations for educating future pharmaceutical scientists.
Proposal for Distributed IMS by Hierarchical Administrative Domain (2010)

In recent years, IMS architectures standardized by 3GPP have gained importance as the key technologies for the Next Generation Network that will provide high quality services over an IP network. These systems are being put to practical use and are mainly maintained and operated by telecommunication operators. In the future, deployment of new IMS services such as an IMS-based IPTV service and IMS-based office network will substantially increase the number of IMS-compatible devices. Such an increase raises concerns about overloading the telecommunication operator's IMS facilities, which are maintained in a centralized manner. On the other hand, in-house communications, such as an extension line via a PBX, can be managed internally. In this paper, we propose a method to distribute the maintenance of subscribers and localize the control traffic by separating the IMS into hierarchical and internally-controllable IMSs based on administrative domains in order to reduce the load on the telecommunication operator's facilities. Further, we implement and evaluate the proposed method, and show its benefits.
Advances in Ti-Diffused Lithium Niobate Waveguide Devices (1980)

Waveguides made by metal diffusion in ferroelectric crystals - principally titanium diffused in lithium niobate - have become the basis for a variety of interesting and useful guided-wave devices 2 . The combination of good electrooptic and acoustic-optic effects, low propagation loss 3 , commercially available substrates and fabrication ease make metal diffused waveguides highly suitable for guided-wave switches, modulators, wavelength filters, mode converters, deflectors, etc.
An efficient alternative approach for home furniture detection and localization by an autonomous mobile robot (2015)

In order for service robots to help humans in daily home tasks, they need to have a better understanding of their environment. Therefore, detection and localization of home furniture becomes a very important capability for them. This paper presents an approach to detect typical home furniture by an RGB-D sensor mounted on a mobile robot. The approach is based on the analysis of discriminant features extracted from very easy to compute measures distributions. Over an offline learning phase, each piece of furniture is modeled according to their distributions of: height, color (H and S components) and normals. Then a sequence of distributions analysis are applied to the scene for selecting, according to learned models, the pieces of furniture with a high probability of being present. The point cloud is segmented according to model analysis and then segmented points are projected to the floor plane for clustering and noise removal. According to previous analysis and footprints of segmented points clouds, regions are then classified as a possible piece of furniture. Finally, the orientation and localization of the detected furnitures are obtained, using the footprint and their neighbor regions. The proposed approach has been proved to be very efficient in order to be incorporated on mobile robotic platforms.
ETUDE DU COMPORTEMENT DANS LE TEMPS DE STRUCTURES EN BETON PRECONTRAINT (1985)

ON DECRIT UN PROCEDE NUMERIQUE POUR L'ANALYSE DANS LE TEMPS DE STRUCTURES EN BETON ARME ET PRECONTRAINT QUI COMPREND LES EFFETS STRUCTURELS DES DEFORMATIONS DIFFEREES DU BETON, DE LA RELAXATION DE L'ACIER DE PRECONTRAINTE ET DE L'HISTORIQUE DES CHARGES ET TEMPERATURES. ON EXPOSE DEUX ETUDES APPLIQUANT LE PROCEDE: DEFORMATION PAR FLUAGE D'UNE EPROUVETTE ET D'UNE POUTRE PRECONTRAINTE AVEC ARMATURES CONTRAINTES PAR CABLE ANCRE ADHERENTES. (VOIR FICHE GENERALE 120730 ET DETAILLEES DIRR 120731 A 120758).
Distinguishing geology from biology in the Ediacaran Doushantuo biota relaxes constraints on the timing of the origin of bilaterians (2012)

The Ediacaran Doushantuo biota has yielded fossils that include the oldest widely accepted record of the animal evolutionary lineage, as well as specimens with alleged bilaterian affinity. However, these systematic interpretations are contingent on the presence of key biological structures that have been reinterpreted by some workers as artefacts of diagenetic mineralization. On the basis of chemistry and crystallographic fabric, we characterize and discriminate phases of mineralization that reflect: (i) replication of original biological structure, and (ii) void-filling diagenetic mineralization. The results indicate that all fossils from the Doushantuo assemblage preserve a complex mélange of mineral phases, even where subcellular anatomy appears to be preserved. The findings allow these phases to be distinguished in more controversial fossils, facilitating a critical re-evaluation of the Doushantuo fossil assemblage and its implications as an archive of Ediacaran animal diversity. We find that putative subcellular structures exhibit fabrics consistent with preservation of original morphology. Cells in later developmental stages are not in original configuration and are therefore uninformative concerning gastrulation. Key structures used to identify Doushantuo bilaterians can be dismissed as late diagenetic artefacts. Therefore, when diagenetic mineralization is considered, there is no convincing evidence for bilaterians in the Doushantuo assemblage.
Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility Status (2009)

The Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (HRIBF) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) produces high-quality beams of short-lived radioactive isotopes for nuclear science research, and is currently unique worldwide in the ability to provide neutron-rich fission fragment beams post-accelerated to energies above the Coulomb barrier. HRIBF is undergoing a multi-phase upgrade. Phase I (completed 2005) was construction of the High Power Target Laboratory to provide the on-going Isotope Separator On-Line (ISOL) development program with a venue for testing new targets, ion sources, and radioactive ion beam (RIB) production techniques with high-power beams. Phase II, which is on schedule for completion in September 2009, is the Injector for Radioactive Ion Species 2 (IRIS2), a second RIB production station that will improve facility reliability and accommodate new ion sources, new RIB production targets, and some innovative RIB purification techniques, including laser applications. The Phase III goal is to substantially improve facility performance by replacing or supplementing the Oak Ridge Isochronous Cyclotron (ORIC) production accelerator with either a high-power 25-50 MeV electron accelerator or a high-current multi-beam commercial cyclotron. Either upgrade is applicable to R&D on isotope production for medical or other applications.
Surface Stabilization of Diblock PEG-PLGA Micelles by Polymerization of N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (2002)

This paper presents a new approach to improving the physical stability of biodegradable poly-(ethylene glycol)-block-poly[(DL-lactic acid)-co-(glycolic acid)] (PEG-PLGA) micelles. A hydroxyl-terminated PEG monomethacrylate (PEGmer) macroinitiator was used to prepare a methacrylate-end-capped PEG-PLGA diblock copolymer by the ring-opening polymerization of D,L-lactide and glycolide. The surface-exposed methacrylate groups in the shell layer of the micelles can be polymerized with N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone. The resulting micelles show substantially enhanced stability.
(14C)2-deoxyglucose uptake in ground squirrel brain during hibernation (1982)

Autoradiographic patterns of (14C)2-deoxyglucose uptake are described throughout the brains of hibernating and euthermic ground squirrels. Autoradiographs of the brains of hibernating animals are generally homogeneous in comparison to euthermic animals; hence, the relative 2-deoxyglucose uptake (R2DGU) of gray to white matter for the majority of the 85 neural structures examined decreases during hibernation. Two categories of structures are identified as potentially important in hibernation: (1) structures that have the highest R2DGU during hibernation (cochlear nucleus, paratrigeminal nucleus, and superior colliculus) and (2) structures that undergo the least reduction in R2DGU in the transition from euthermia to hibernation (suprachiasmatic nucleus and lateral septal nucleus). The percentage of reduction in R2DGU that a structure undergoes in the transition from euthermia to hibernation is proportional to the R2DGU of that structure during euthermia. The suprachiasmatic, paratrigeminal, and cochlear nuclei undergo less of a reduction than would be predicted from this relationship and may be particularly important during hibernation. Sensory nuclei that receive primary afferent projections are among the structures with the highest R2DGU during hibernation. These metabolically active structures may be responsible for the sensitivity of the hibernator to environmental stimuli.
Morphology, host range and serological properties of citrus mosaic virus causing mosaic diseases in Satsuma mandarins. (1986)

A sap transmissible virus was isolated from satsuma mandarins showing ringspots on fruits in Arida district of Wakayama prefecture. Symptoms of herbaceous plants inoculated with the virus were slightly different from those of satsuma dwarf virus (SDV). The virus particles were polyhedrons of approximately 28 nm in diameter and consisted of three centrifugal components. Double immunodiffusion and cross-absorption tests showed that the virus was heterologously related to SDV. Satsuma mandarins inoculated with the purified virus developed typical ringspots on fruits. These results indicate that the virus is citrus mosaic virus causing mosaic diseases in satsuma mandarins.
STEREOVISION MOBILE MAPPING: SYSTEM DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION (2012)

Abstract. In this paper we introduce a state-of-the-art stereovision mobile mapping system with different stereo imaging sensors and present a series of performance tests carried out with this system. The aim of these empirical tests was to investigate different performance aspects under real-world conditions. The investigations were carried out with different cameras and camera configurations in order to determine their potential and limitations for selected application scenarios. In brief the test set consists of investigations in geometric accuracy, in radiometric image quality and in the extraction of 3d point clouds using dense matching algorithms. The first tests resulted in an absolute overall 3d accuracy of 4-5 cm depending mainly on the quality of the navigation system used for direct georeferencing. The relative point measurement accuracy was approx. 2 cm and 1 cm for the 2 megapixel and the 11 megapixel sensors respectively. In the second series of investigations we present results obtained by applying tone mapping algorithms often used for high dynamic range images (HDR). In our third series of tests refinements of the radiometric calibration of the stereo system and corrections of the vignetting resulted in an improved completeness of the depth map on the roadside environment. We conclude the paper with investigations in obtaining complete and accurate depth maps for a robust and accurate 3d monoplotting support in vision-based mobile mapping web services. For this we present first results obtained by interpolating incomplete areas in the disparity maps and by fusing the disparity maps with additional LiDAR data.
Structural Damage of Gamma-irradiated Ribonuclease Revealed by Thin-layer Isoelectric Focusing (1975)

Ribonuclease, irradiated with 60Co gamma-rays in dilute aqueous solution or in the dry state, has been investigated with respect to its charge and size properties. Thin-layer isoelectric focusing revealed extensive change in irradiated RNase; new enzymatically-active components, mainly with isoelectric points lower than in unirradiated RNase were observed. Thin-layer gel chromatography indicated the formation of aggregates which are partially active enzymatically. Aggreation depended on enzyme concentration and was less in more dilute solutions-- at equal degrees of inactivation. Structural damage in the so-called 'native' monomers was revealed by thin-layer isoelectric focusing, their charge properties being distinctly modified.
A Multilingual Approach to Annotating and Extracting Temporal Information* (2005)

Abstract The processing of temporal information poses numerous challenges for NLP. Progress on these challenges may be accelerated through the use of corpus-based methods. This paper introduces a set of guidelines for annotating time expressions with a canonicalized representation of the times they refer to, and describes methods for extracting such time expressions from multiple languages. Applications that can benefit include information extraction (e.g., normalizing temporal references for database entry), question answering (answering ‘‘when’’ questions), summarization (temporally ordering information), machine translation (translating and normalizing temporal references), and information visualization (viewing event chronologies).
Simulated physiological oocyte maturation (SPOM): a novel in vitro maturation system that substantially improves embryo yield and pregnancy outcomes (2010)

SPOM is a new approach to IVM, mimicing some characteristics of oocyte maturation in vivo and substantially improving oocyte developmental outcomes. Adaption of SPOM for clinical application should have significant implications for infertility management and bring important benefits to patients.
Cardiovascular and Thermoregulatory Effects of Niacin (1989)

Abstract : The purpose of the study was to investigate thermoregulatory and cardiovascular effects of the vasodilatory agent, niacin. Four subjects were studied during rest in a moderately warm environment. Esophageal (Tes) and skin temperature, forearm blood flow and sweating rate was measured frequently. After control data were obtained, 5 mg niacin/kg body weight were ingested. Skin temperature increased approximately 15 min. after ingestion of the drug, beginning on the the head and torso, then spreading caudally. Forearm blood flow, as assessed by venous occlusion plethysmography, increased dramatically. These data indicate that the cutaneous vasodilatory action of niacin is sufficient to increase markedly dry heat loss in humans resting in a moderately warm environment. In a moderately warm environment, there was a substantial decrease in Tes; however,in cool or cold environments, dry heat loss would be even larger than observed in this study and the risk of hypothermia great. Any beneficial effect of niacin as a thermoregulatory aid in humans in a moderately warm environment must be balanced against the cardiovascular consequences (increased heart rate and decreased mean arterial pressure) of general cutaneous vasodilation.
A comparative study of different metal acetylacetonates covalently anchored onto amine functionalized silica: a study of the oxidation of aldehydes and alcohols to corresponding acids in water (2012)

A series of metal acetylacetonates covalently anchored onto amine functionalized silica were prepared by the complexation of metal acetylacetonates [Co(acac)2, Cu(acac)2, Pd(acac)2, Ru(acac)3, Mn(acac)3, Co(acac)3] with organically modified 3-aminopropyl silica and their catalytic activities were tested for the oxidation of aromatic aldehydes, α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and benzyl alcohols to the corresponding carboxylic acids in aqueous medium. Different metal acetylacetonates have been chosen with a view to select the most active heterogeneous catalyst for oxidations. The characterization of the catalysts was done on the basis of FTIR, TGA and AAS analysis. SiO2–Co(acac)2 catalyzes the oxidation of aromatic aldehydes under air atmosphere without using any additional oxidant; however, t-BuOOH was found to be a highly efficient oxidant for the oxidation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and heterocyclic aldehydes, as well as the direct oxidation of benzyl alcohols to the corresponding carboxylic acids. The most active catalyst was found to be highly stable and recyclable under the reaction conditions.