gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ethanol Production from Cellulosic Biomass by Encapsulated Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2008)

Unstable oil markets with rising environmental concerns have revived widespread interest in production of fuel ethanol from renewable materials. Cellulosic materials are abundant and prominent feedstocks for cheap ethanol production. However, due to recalcitrant structure of these materials, pretreatment is a prerequisite. Depending on the biomass, pretreatment and hydrolysis conditions, a number of degradation products and/or toxic components may be released that show strong inhibitory effects on the fermenting microorganisms. This thesis deals with application of encapsulation technology to ferment the highly toxic hydrolyzates without further pretreatment.\n\nFree cells could not tolerate presence of 5 g/l furfural in defined medium, and inhibitors in wood and peel hydrolyzates in batch mode of operation and fermentation failed. Continuous cultivation of wood hydrolyzate was only successful at 0.1 h−1 and the majority of cells lost their viability after 5 retention times. \n\nEncapsulated cell system could successfully ferment the synthetic medium containing 5 g/l furfural during sequential batch cultivations with ethanol yield of 0.41-0.42 g/g. Cultivation of undetoxified hydrolyzates was also carried out, where glucose and mannose were converted within 10 h without significant lag phase. However, a gradual decrease in cell activity was observed in sequential batches. Continuous cultivation was more successful, and wood hydrolyzate was fermented to ethanol by encapsulated S. cerevisiae at dilution rates up to 0.5 h−1. More than 75% of the encapsulated cells were viable in the worst conditions. Ethanol was produced with yield 0.44 g/g and specific productivity 0.14–0.17 g/g•h at all dilution rates. \n\nContrary to wood hydrolyzate, where there is no preference for permeation of sugars or inhibitors through the capsules’ membrane, encapsulation technology was applied to eliminate inhibition of limonene in fermentation of orange wastes to ethanol. The capsules’ membrane, of hydrophilic nature, is practically impermeable to hydrophobic compounds such as limonene while allowing penetration of nutrients and products. While presence of 0.1% v/v limonene in the medium results in strong inhibition or even failure of cultivation with free cells, using this technique allowed fermentation of a medium containing 1.5% v/v limonene. \n\nThe impact of encapsulation on the anaerobic growth pattern, morphological and physiological changes of S. cerevisiae over long-term application was investigated. The growth rate, total RNA and protein content of the encapsulated cells decreased gradually over repeated batch cultivations, while stored carbohydrates content increased. Within 20 batch cultivations, total RNA and protein content of encapsulated cells decreased by 39% and 24%, whereas glycogen and trehalose content increased by factors of 4.5 and 4, respectively.\n
Screening for<i>Coxiella burnetii</i>seroprevalence in chronic Q fever high-risk groups reveals the magnitude of the Dutch Q fever outbreak (2012)

The Netherlands experienced an unprecedented outbreak of Q fever between 2007 and 2010. The Jeroen Bosch Hospital (JBH) in 's-Hertogenbosch is located in the centre of the epidemic area. Based on Q fever screening programmes, seroprevalence of IgG phase II antibodies to Coxiella burnetii in the JBH catchment area was 10·7% [785 tested, 84 seropositive, 95% confidence interval (CI) 8·5-12·9]. Seroprevalence appeared not to be influenced by age, gender or area of residence. Extrapolating these data, an estimated 40 600 persons (95% CI 32 200-48 900) in the JBH catchment area have been infected by C. burnetii and are, therefore, potentially at risk for chronic Q fever. This figure by far exceeds the nationwide number of notified symptomatic acute Q fever patients and illustrates the magnitude of the Dutch Q fever outbreak. Clinicians in epidemic Q fever areas should be alert for chronic Q fever, even if no acute Q fever is reported.
Balancing thread based navigation for targeted video search (2008)

Various query methods for video search exist. Because of the semantic gap each method has its limitations. We argue that for effective retrieval query methods need to be combined at retrieval time. However, switching query methods often involves a change in query and browsing interface, which puts a heavy burden on the user. In this paper, we propose a novel method for fast and effective search trough large video collections by embedding multiple query methods into a single browsing environment. To that end we introduced the notion of query threads, which contain a shot-based ranking of the video collection according to some feature-based similarity measure. On top of these threads we define several thread-based visualizations, ranging from fast targeted search to very broad exploratory search, with the Fork-Browser as the balance between fast search and video space exploration. We compare the effectiveness and efficiency of the ForkBrowser with the CrossBrowser on the TRECVID 2007 interactive search task. Results show that different query methods are needed for different types of search topics, and that the ForkBrowser requires significantly less user interactions to achieve the same result as the CrossBrowser. In addition, both browsers rank among the best interactive retrieval systems currently available.
Metformin: Current knowledge. (2014)

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders in which the blood glucose is higher than normal levels, due to insufficiency of insulin release or improper response of cells to insulin, resulting in high blood pressure. The resultant hyperglycemia produces sever complications. Metformin drug has been shown to prevent diabetes in people who are at high risk and decrease most of the diabetic complications. Recent reports on metformin, not only indicate some implications such as renoprotective properties have been suggested for metformin, but some reports indicate its adverse effects as well that are negligible when its benefits are brought into account. We aimed here to review the new implications of metformin and discuss about the concerns in the use of metformin, referring to the recently published papers.
Preliminary studies on the extracellular products of hydrogenomonas eutropha. (1964)

Extracellular products of Hydrogenomonas eutropha, using paper chromatography and radioautography with carbon 14
A survey of privacy preserving data integration (2017)

Today there is necessity to integrate and share data from variety of data sources for mutual benefits and analysis purpose. Moreover, data integration involves matching of schema metadata and data across databases. Also, the databases contain personally identifying information and other sensitive information of individuals. Most of the privacy preserving data integration techniques are vulnerable to linking/re-identification attacks and some of them compromise accuracy while maintaining privacy of integrated data. Thus, protecting privacy of schemas or ontologies and data is a crucial requirement during data integration. This survey provides the various challenges, review of existing work and research directions for privacy preserving data integration.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF UNSYMMETRICAL FUNCTIONALIZED ORGANIC SULFIDES (1985)

Abstract Die aus entsprechenden Thioamiden zugänglichen Thioiminium‐Salze (I) und (II) werden mit den Alkylhalogeniden (III) unter den Bedingungen der Fest‐flüssig‐Phasentransfer‐Katalyse zu den unsymm. Sulfiden (IV) umgesetzt.
A Sulfurtransferase Is Required in the Transfer of Cysteine Sulfur in the in Vitro Synthesis of Molybdopterin from Precursor Z in Escherichia coli (2001)

It has been shown that conversion of precursor Z to molybdopterin (MPT) by Escherichia coli MPT synthase entails the transfer of the sulfur atom of the C-terminal thiocarboxylate from the small subunit of the synthase to generate the dithiolene group of MPT and that the moeB mutant of E. coli contains inactive MPT synthase devoid of the thiocarboxylate. The data presented here demonstrate that l-cysteine can serve as the source of the sulfur for the biosynthesis of MPT in vitro but only in the presence of a persulfide-containing sulfurtransferase such as IscS, cysteine sulfinate desulfinase (CSD), or CsdB. A fully defined in vitro system has been developed in which an inactive form of MPT synthase can be activated by incubation with MoeB, Mg-ATP, l-cysteine, and one of the NifS-like sulfurtransferases, and the addition of precursor Z to the in vitro system gives rise to MPT formation. The use of radiolabeled l-[(35)S]cysteine has demonstrated that both sulfurs of the dithiolene group of MPT originate from l-cysteine. It was found that MPT can be produced from precursor Z in an E. coli iscS mutant strain, indicating that IscS is not required for the in vivo sulfuration of MPT synthase. A comparison of the ability of the three sulfurtransferases to provide the sulfur for MPT formation showed the highest activity for CSD in the in vitro system.
Emergence of Atypical Properties in Assembled Graphene Nanoribbons (2011)

Graphitic nanowiggles (GNWs) are periodic repetitions of nonaligned finite-sized graphitic nanoribbon domains seamlessly stitched together without structural defects. These complex nanostructures have been recently fabricated [Cai et al., Nature (London) 466, 470 (2010)] and are here predicted to possess unusual properties, such as tunable band gaps and versatile magnetic behaviors. We used first-principles theory to highlight the microscopic origins of the emerging electronic and magnetic properties of the main subclasses of GNWs. Our study establishes a road map for guiding the design and synthesis of specific GNWs for nanoelectronic, optoelectronic, and spintronic applications.
Sensitivity Analysis of Thermal-Hydraulic Parameters and Probability Estimation of Boiling Transition in a Standard BWR/6 (1991)

A model correlating the minimum critical power ratio (MCPR) of standardized boiling water reactors (BWRs) to a set of thermal-hydraulic variables in parameter space is developed. A statistical approach with fractional factorial sampling along with response surface methodology and orthogonal central composite design are employed. The COBRA-II computer code, after modifications to include MCPR calculation, is used to simulate the thermal hydraulics of the BWR/6. The sensitivity is obtained by differentiating a quadratic equation that represents the state of the system with respect to its constituent variables. Taking this correlation as a joint multivariable probability distribution function and using crude Monte Carlo integration techniques, the probability of boiling transition during normal operation in a standardized BWR/6 is estimated. The result agrees very well with data available in open literature.
Effects of Fe doping in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">La</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.67</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Sr</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.33</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">CoO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2000)

The effects of Fe doping in ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.67}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.33}{\mathrm{CoO}}_{3}$ has been studied by the measurements of magnetic, electrical transport, and magnetoresistance properties. It is found that no apparent structure change is introduced by Fe doping up to $x=0.3.$ But the Curie temperature ${T}_{c}$ and magnetization M are strongly lowered by Fe substitution. The electrical resistivity exhibits metallic behavior in low-doped $(x<~0.1)$ samples while semiconducting behavior in high-doped $(x=0.2$ and 0.3) samples. In addition, Fe doping weakens the MR peak near ${T}_{c}$ but enhances the low-temperature MR. The origin of CMR and the effect of Fe doping in ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.67}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.33}{\mathrm{CoO}}_{3}$ are interpreted in terms of the spin-state transition induced by applied magnetic field.
Coupling Reactions of Zirconate Complexes Induced by Carbonyl Compounds (2009)

Facettenreiches Organozirconat: Die neuartige Kupplungsreaktion von Organozirconaten 1 mit Carbonylverbindungen (über die Zwischenstufe 2) bietet einen selektiven Zugang zu hoch substituierten Allenen 3 und Dienolen 4. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Spinning Junk Into Gold (2003)

Scientists are finding surprising uses for so-called DNA, stretches of DNA with no obvious function that are scattered among genes. Some stretches encode enzymes that ferry genes into precise locations; other junk seamlessly edits proteins.
公共语言之梦：现代性，宣言，公民主体 (2006)

随着语言学转向，主体作为一种话语功能日益受到关注，作者身份的作用可以被视为这一现代性大视野的一个分支。语言学转向常常被当作这样一个问题对待，即主体到底是言说者还是被言说者，或者说主体到底是其自己言语的作者还是制度性言语行为和国家意识形态机构的口技表演者？后者在10余年来一直处于理论之争的中心，并引出了一个难题：如果说主体是由语言构成并存在于语言之中，那么在主体并不支持语言的情况下，历史性的语言学转向又从何而来？如果说我们被质疑为语言中的主体，这一事实有时候是否会发生变化，使得我们从人文主义自我转变成文本的主体？我们可以确定在有些情形下，新型的社会力量在想象新的反公共领域的同时又标志着朝语言的转向。本文将审视三个例子来探讨在现代性语境之下产生的新公民主体的这种转向。第一个例子来自被啥贝马斯称为资产阶级公众的高峰时期的18世纪中期和载于1776年英国期刊《年鉴》中的一首诗；第二个例子则是在”新妇女”的历史语境中关注20世纪早期兴起的女性主义主体（米纳-罗伊1914年的”女性主义宣言”即是对未来主义、达达主义的男权主义姿态的反击）；第三个例子是墨西哥小说家和诗人叶佩兹，他在1998年边境艺术节就职演说中明确阐述了公民身份全球化的可能性与局限性。如果说18世纪公共领域是在共和国公民身份的语境下形成的，那么20世纪早期妇女的反公共领域则是在性别差异和身体标记的语境中产生的。尽管新型的全球化公民主体的轮廓尚处于形成之中，但是北大西洋自由贸易区阴影之下的边境艺术家们以其作品提出了质疑：语言果真能想象一个真正意义的世界性存在吗？
Secure and User-Friendly Commissioning and Bootstrapping of Constrained Devices (2015)

The spread of Internet of Things (IoT) systems, based on the introduction\nof constrained devices into physical objects, has required particular efforts\nto improve security, privacy and simplicity of such systems. The goal of\nthis work is to find secure and user-friendly ways for the commissioning\nand bootstrapping of constrained devices, working with Bluetooth Low\nEnergy (BLE) as the main wireless communication technology. An\nimportant assumption for future constrained devices is the absence of\ninput/output interfaces like keyboards and displays. That represents the\nreal challenge which makes the traditional security mechanisms unfeasible.\n\nAt first, an analysis of some products from the current generation of\nIoT systems has shown a lack in term of security or simplicity. Starting\nfrom these results this work defines the security requirements to ensure\nauthentication and confidentiality/integrity for the information exchanged.\nThen it presents some user-friendly solutions to initiate such devices based\non the security requirements defined. These solutions require only few\ninteractions and knowledge for the final users.\n\nAfter a study of the security features offered by BLE and defined the\nuser-friendliness level required, scenarios that combine BLE and NFC\ntechnologies seem to be the best solutions. NFC can be used as the Out-of-\nBand (OOB) channel for BLE pairing method, providing authentication\nand limiting the risk of Man In The Middle (MITM) attacks and passive\neavesdropping. This combination also increase the simplicity and avoid\ntypical authentication techniques like passkey insertion. The conjunction\nBLE-NFC can be easily managed to produce several solutions for different\nscenarios. Scenario with movable devices represents the easiest solution.\nInstead, fixed targets require support devices, like smartphone or tablet,\nto reach the goal. However, both are based on the same principles.\n\nThe presented solutions aim to be considered for the next generation\nof IoT systems, increasing security and user-friendly level. Current and\nnear future chips combine BLE and NFC in a unique product which make\nthe solutions low cost and easy to implement.
Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of some oxovanadium(IV) chelates (1972)

X-Band e.p.r. spectra of magnetically dilute glasses at 77 K show that ethanol and pyridine form weak complexes with vanadyl chelates and that vanadium(IV) in solutions of these chelates is readily oxidised to vanadium(V). A method which enables spin Hamiltonian parameters to be extracted from systems which have C2v symmetry is described, and the magnetic and optical properties of some five- and six-membered ring chelates of the VO2+ ion, and of their complexes with ethanol and with pyridine, are listed. The principal values of the hyperfine tensor components and the isotropic contribution to hyperfine coupling can be used to distinguish five-from six-membered ring chelates. Spin Hamiltonian parameters are equated to the atomic orbital coefficients in some of the molecular orbitals involved in bonding in these chelates. The weak C2v component of the ligand field mixes the vanadium 3dx2–y2, 3dz2, and 4s orbitals and the magnetic resonance data is used to estimate the extent of this mixing. Mixing 3dz2 character into the orbital containing the unpaired electron accounts for ‘in-plane anisotropy’ in the g-tensor components. Mixing 4s character accounts for characteristic differences between hyperfine tensor components observed for five- and six-membered ring chelates and for the changes which occur in the magnetic properties of these compounds when additional complexing with solvent molecules takes place.
Optimal location of pilot points in history matching (2000)

The objective of the pilot point method is to constrain geostatistical realizations to dynamic data. The basic principle of the method is to introduce control points to makelocal modifications in the reservoir model using conditional geostatistical techniques. The pilot point values are inversion parameters that are updated in an optimization process. The main drawback of the method is the lack of criteria for choosing the location of the pilot points.
6LoWPAN-GHC: Generic Header Compression for IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPANs) (2014)

RFC 6282 defines header compression in 6LoWPAN packets (where
6LoWPAN refers to IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area
Network). The present document specifies a simple addition that
enables the compression of generic headers and header-like payloads,
without a need to define a new header compression scheme for each such
new header or header-like payload.
Subscription Supply Chains: The Ultimate Collaborative Paradigm (2002)

Supply chain practitioners have made great strides in forming collaborative partnerships, yet the end consumer is often left out of these plans. Being an important member of the supply chain, we propose that supply chains need to get closer to the end consumer - forming collaborative relationships that center around demand planning. Developing subscription relationships with end consumers will lead to increased planning time, which will result in dramatic cost reductions and superior consumer value and satisfaction through lower costs, increased convenience, and improved availability of supply. Being a new and unique strategy, not all consumers will adopt subscription supply chains. However, we argue that some consumer segments will receive tremendous value and satisfaction purchasing certain types of products and services through subscriptions. Tremendous opportunities await those supply chains who target the right consumers, marketing the right products and services through a subscription supply chain.
The Role of the Larval Stages of <i>Haemonchus placei</i> Infections of Cattle in Immunity (1963)

Using the larvicidal anthelmintic “Neguvon”, infections of calves with H. placei were terminated at the time of the moult from the fourth to the fifth stage. A comparison was then made between the level of immunity developed by calves which had experienced, third and fourth stages, third, fourth and fifth stages, and parasite free calves. The results suggested that the principal stage necessary to produce a substantial immunity was the fifth. Evidence was also produced to associate a local reaction in the abomasum characterised by oedema and aggregations of eosinophils in the mucosa with immunity to challenge.
Cellular UHMW Polyethylene Produed by Non-Foaming Leaching Technique: Morphology and Properties (2002)

The objective of the research was to develop and study the properties of cellular or porous Ultra High Molecular Weight (UHMW) Polyethylene for biomedical applications. The process, based on the leaching technique, does not require any modification in processing equipment, is environment-friendly and uses raw materials approved by the FDA for in vivo medical applications. It is possible to produce porous polymers having predetermined pore size, pore shape and porosity using the leaching technique. The pores are interconnected and well-distributed throughout the threedimensional volume of the sample. The size, shape and content of the porogen in the molding mixture greatly affect the physical properties of the pores in the final porous sample. Maximum porosity of 60% was obtained. The developed porous UHMW Polyethylene, which is permeable by liquids, can be used as a substrate matrix in bone regeneration and in hip-and knee joint replacements. With adequate lubrication, the porous implants would prevent the formation of polymer debris due to friction and thereby increase the life of the biomedical implants. The new generation of developed porous polymers could be used in a wide range of medical and bioengineering applications.
Intracerebral Hemorrhage (2008)

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 10 to 15% of all strokes, but results in a disproportionately high morbidity and mortality. Although chronic hypertension accounts for the majority of ICH, other common causes include cerebral amyloid angiopathy, sympathomimetic drugs of abuse, and underlying cerebral vascular anomalies. Validated baseline predictors of clinical outcome after ICH include the Glasgow Coma Scale score, hematoma volume, presence and amount of intraventricular hemorrhage, infratentorial ICH location, and advanced age. Although no treatment of proven benefit currently exists for ICH, several recent large clinical trials have demonstrated the feasibility of surgical and medical treatments for ICH. Clinical research into ICH mechanisms of injury has demonstrated that hematoma expansion is common, even in patients without coagulopathy. Basic research has suggested that perihematoma injury is more likely related to toxicity of blood and iron in the brain ("neurohemoinflammation") rather than primary ischemic injury. Current guidelines for ICH treatment emphasize blood pressure management, urgent and rapid correction of coagulopathy, and surgery for cerebellar ICH. Ongoing clinical trials are investigating surgical evacuation of lobar hemorrhage, minimally invasive surgical hematoma evacuation, and aggressive blood pressure lowering.
Non-perfluorocompound chemistries for plasma etching of dielectrics (1996)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 1996.
Citrus Polyphenol Hesperidin Stimulates Production of Nitric Oxide in Endothelial Cells while Improving Endothelial Function and Reducing Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome (2011)

Novel mechanisms for hesperetin action in endothelial cells inform effects of oral hesperidin treatment to improve endothelial dysfunction and reduce circulating markers of inflammation in our exploratory clinical trial. Hesperetin has vasculoprotective actions that may explain beneficial cardiovascular effects of citrus consumption.