gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Oxidative Phosphorylation in Bax Toxicity (2000)

The Bcl-2-related protein Bax is toxic when expressed either in yeast or in mammalian cells. Although the mechanism of this toxicity is unknown, it appears to be similar in both cell types and dependent on the localization of Bax to the outer mitochondrial membrane. To investigate the role of mitochondrial respiration in Bax-mediated toxicity, a series of yeast mutant strains was created, each carrying a disruption in either a component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, a component of the mitochondrial ATP synthesis machinery, or a protein involved in mitochondrial adenine nucleotide exchange. Bax toxicity was reduced in strains lacking the ability to perform oxidative phosphorylation. In contrast, a respiratory-competent strain that lacked the outer mitochondrial membrane Por1 protein showed increased sensitivity to Bax expression. Deficiencies in other mitochondrial proteins did not affect Bax toxicity as long as the ability to perform oxidative phosphorylation was maintained. Characterization of Bax-induced toxicity in wild-type yeast demonstrated a growth inhibition that preceded cell death. This growth inhibition was associated with a decreased ability to carry out oxidative phosphorylation following Bax induction. Furthermore, cells recovered following Bax-induced growth arrest were enriched for a petite phenotype and were no longer able to grow on a nonfermentable carbon source. These results suggest that Bax expression leads to an impairment of mitochondrial respiration, inducing toxicity in cells dependent on oxidative phosphorylation for survival. Furthermore, Bax toxicity is enhanced in yeast deficient in the ability to exchange metabolites across the outer mitochondrial membrane.
A Real-Time Protocol for the Internet Based on the Least Mean Square Algorithm (2004)

Generally, real-time applications based on the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) generate large volumes of data and are not sensitive to network congestion. In contrast, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) traffic is considered "well-behaved" because it prevents the network becoming congested by means of closed-loop control of packet-loss and round-trip-time. The integration of both sorts of traffic is a complex problem, and depends on solutions such as admission control that have not yet been deployed on the Internet. Moreover, the problem of quality-of-service (QoS) and resource allocation is extremely relevant from the point of view of convergence of streaming media and data transmission on the Internet. In this paper an adaptive real-time protocol based on the least mean square (LMS) algorithm is proposed to estimate the application UDP bandwidth in order to reduce the quadratic error between the packet loss and a target. Moreover, the LMS algorithm is also applied to make sure that the reduction in the average bandwidth allocated to each TCP process will not be higher than a given percentage of the average bandwidth allocated before the beginning of the UDP application.
Intracellular ROS Protection Efficiency and Free Radical-Scavenging Activity of Curcumin (2011)

Curcumin has many pharmaceutical applications, many of which arise from its potent antioxidant properties. The present research examined the antioxidant activities of curcumin in polar solvents by a comparative study using ESR, reduction of ferric iron in aqueous medium and intracellular ROS/toxicity assays. ESR data indicated that the steric hindrance among adjacent big size groups within a galvinoxyl molecule limited the curcumin to scavenge galvinoxyl radicals effectively, while curcumin showed a powerful capacity for scavenging intracellular smaller oxidative molecules such as H₂O₂, HO•, ROO•. Cell viability and ROS assays demonstrated that curcumin was able to penetrate into the polar medium inside the cells and to protect them against the highly toxic and lethal effects of cumene hydroperoxide. Curcumin also showed good electron-transfer capability, with greater activity than trolox in aqueous solution. Curcumin can readily transfer electron or easily donate H-atom from two phenolic sites to scavenge free radicals. The excellent electron transfer capability of curcumin is because of its unique structure and different functional groups, including a β-diketone and several π electrons that have the capacity to conjugate between two phenyl rings. Therfore, since curcumin is inherently a lipophilic compound, because of its superb intracellular ROS scavenging activity, it can be used as an effective antioxidant for ROS protection within the polar cytoplasm.
New method to characterise grain boundary plane orientations based on EBSD orientation microscopy for serial sectioned surfaces (2010)

A new ‘elementary facet’ method has been developed to measure grain boundary (GB) plane orientations using three-dimensional electron backscattered diffraction on serial sectioned surfaces in a sample. The method defines different types of elementary facets in an orthogonal coordinate system in the sample. These elementary facets are used to pave GBs. For a flat GB, its projected areas on the orthogonal coordinate planes in the sample are obtained from the numbers of different facets paved in the GB. From the projected areas of the GB plane in the three coordinate planes, the GB plane normal is derived. For uneven GBs, a convolution method has been developed to obtain the GB plane orientations at different GB locations. In essence, this new method measures the GB orientations at every elementary facet that is used to pave the GBs in the sample. Together with the measured crystal orientations of different grains, the GB five parameters at all facets can be obtained readily. The distribution of GB five parameters for the whole GB population in a sample can be derived from the collection of properties of individual GB facets in the sample.
Kombinatorische Synthese und mehrdimensionale NMR‐Spektroskopie: ein Beitrag zum Verständnis von Protein‐Ligand‐Wechselwirkungen (1995)

Abstract Durch kombinatorische Chemie können natürliche Rekombinations‐ und Selektionsprozesse im Labor nachgebildet werden. Die Strategie dieser sich rasch entwickelnden Disziplin besteht in der Herstellung von Verbindungsbibliotheken aus unterschiedlichen Molekülen durch kombinatorische Synthese und in der Selektion von Verbindungen mit einer gewünschten Eigenschaft. So können Liganden, die an biologische Rezeptoren binden, leichter identifiziert werden, wodurch unser Wissen um die chemischen Mechanismen zellulärer Prozesse erweitert wird. In diesem Artikel wollen wir zeigen, wie die Zusammenführung von kombinatorischer Synthese, mehrdimensionaler NMR‐Spektroskopie und biochemischen Methoden unser Verständnis über einen Proteinrezeptor erweitert hat, der üblicherweise eine Rolle bei der Signalübertragung spielt: die Src‐Homologie‐3(SH 3)‐Domäne. Dieser neue Ansatz zur Untersuchung der molekularen Erkennung hat für die Wechselwirkungen zwischen SH‐Domänen und ihren Liganden zu einigen Regeln geführt, nach denen Modelle von Rezeptor‐Ligand‐Komplexen lediglich aufgrund der Kenntnis der Polypeptidsequenzen konstruiert werden können. Die Verbindung von kombinatorischer Synthese und Methoden zur Strukturaufklärung eröffnet einen neuen leistungsfähigen Zugang zu einem allgemeinen Verständnis der Protein‐Ligand‐Bindung.
Double Bond and Skeletal Isomerization of 1-Butene over Lanthanum-Modified Silicated Alumina. (1986)

Le rendement en isobutene decroit quand la quantite de lanthane augmente et diminue quand la teneur en silicium augmente. La migration de la double liaison se produit plus rapidement que l'isomerisation du squelette et la vitesse de formation des produits diminue quand la quantite de lanthane augmente
Cache considerations for multiprocessor programmers (1990)

Although caches in most computers are invisible to programmers, they significantly affect program performance. This is particularly true for cache-coherent, shared-memory multiprocessors. This article presents recent research into the performance of parallel programs and its implications for programmers who may know little about caches.
InP-based 1.5 &#x00B5;m quantum dot lasers: Static and dynamic properties (2013)

A review will be given on the latest development of 1.55 μm quantum dot lasers. Static and dynamic properties of short cavity ridge waveguide lasers will be presented exhibiting data rates up to 22 GBit/s. The impact of structural and operational parameters will be discussed and compared with a simulation model. High-resolution linewidth measurements of distributed feedback lasers indicate with <; 200 kHz a strong reduction in emission linewidth by about one order of magnitude in comparison to QW lasers.
Study on the Preparation, Property and Drug Release Carrier of Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Cancer Treatment (2011)

In this paper, the effective nanocompoties (EFNCs) as drug carriers are prepared by grafting reaction of cationic chitosan (CS) and anionic tripolyphosphate (TPP) to encapsulate cancer therapeutic agents such as berberine (BB), KCY-24B…etc. These EFNCs were featured by ultra violet–visible-near infrared spectrophotometer (UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer), fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR), zetasizer, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). So we can obtain here the synthetic method, characterization, and functionality of these effective nanoparticles.
Wafer level packaging for high-brightness LED lighting with optimized thermal dissipation and optical performance (2014)

High-brightness LED lighting has gained high attention in the industry and its market share for general lighting has been rapidly expanding upon the continued progress on improving internal quantum efficiency, light extraction and wavelength conversion. In spite of these promising advances, some key breakthroughs must be made before this technology can be fully adopted into the broad market, such as efficient thermal dissipation and low manufacturing cost. A lion share of cost of an LED module is incurred during the packaging processes after the emissive device stack has been fabricated. Also given the thin thickness of device stack, the packaging structure remains the bottleneck for thermal dissipation. We address these two key challenges with a novel wafer-level packaging structure integrated into the device stack, which enables maximal thermal dissipation rate from active device stack to substrate while allowing high aperture ratio and optimized light output. Our approach applies full wafer-level batch process from epitaxial growth all the way down to packaging for internal and external light extraction as well as wavelength conversion, in order to achieve high throughput and high yield in a scalable and inexpensive manner. Initial prototypes of GaN based blue LED with big chip size have been fabricated without selective electrodes for minimal contact resistance, exhibiting high brightness at relatively low drive voltage (3.5V). As one key step in wafer level packaging, the wafer bonding process was characterized with Moire patterning and Topography and Deformation Measurement to understand the warpage profile and varying temperatures along both heat up and cool down paths, with simulation performed in guidance to final solution for compensating the warpage profile along the bonding process and afterwards. Different approaches were applied in learning the most effective bonding technique for this packaging structure. Further development is ongoing to improve the overall power efficiency and color quality, including optimal materials for ohmic contacts at both electrodes, current-spreading layer, large-area light extraction structure, and integrated phosphor material. This wafer-level packaging technology is scalable to large wafer size for high-throughput and low-cost manufacturing, to achieve both superior thermal management and optimized power efficiency.
Müllerian Inhibiting Substance as a Marker for Ovarian Sex-Cord Tumor (1992)

MuLLERIAN inhibiting substance is a glycoprotein hormone produced by fetal Sertoli cells that causes regression of the mullerian ducts in males during sexual differentiation.1 2 3 Serum concentrations of this hormone remain high in boys for several years, but then decline by puberty.4 During normal female development, in the absence of mullerian inhibiting substance, the mullerian ducts give rise to the fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper third of the vagina.1 Postnatally, granulosa cells also secrete this hormone,5 resulting in serum concentrations in pubertal girls and women that are similar to those in men. A potential role for mullerian inhibiting substance in the . . .
Closing the Loop Of Sound Evaluation and Design (1996)

Despite being a promising and lively playground, sound design is not a discipline as solid and established as visual or product design. We believe that the reason is to be found in the lack of design-oriented measurement and evaluation tools. The European project CLOSED (Closing the Loop Of Sound Evaluation and Design) aims at providing a functional-aesthetic sound measurement tool that can be profitably used by designers. At one end, this tool is linked with physical attributes of soundenhanced everyday objects; at the other end it relates to user emotional response. The measurement tool will be made of a set of easy-to-interpret indicators, which will be related to use in natural context, and it will be integrated in the product design process to facilitate the control of sonic aspects of objects, functionalities, and services encountered in everyday settings. 1. State of the Art/Design Art creation has historically been a feed-forward process in which an idea, conception, or intuition precedes the actual production of artefacts. Feedback can be found and used in several artistic contexts, but it is rarely functional to artefact development. The revolutionary contribution of the Bauhaus school in the early 20th century was to situate visual art in an iterative process incorporating analysis and prototyping, thus closing the creative loop and founding the discipline of design. What distinguishes design from art is the role played by the evaluation of functional qualities of artefacts, with the general aim of improving daily life. Measurement is the key component in any feedback control loop: the design loop is an iterative process where the input from the initial idea is iteratively compared with results fed back through the evaluation block. Another key characteristic of some great design schools of the twentieth century (Ulm, Chicago) was to encourage continuous
Effect Size Estimates of Lifestyle and Dietary Changes on All-Cause Mortality in Coronary Artery Disease Patients (2005)

Available studies show convincingly the health benefits of lifestyle changes in CAD patients. Effect estimates of combined dietary changes look promising. Future studies should confirm these findings and assess the contribution of the individual dietary factors.
Fluctuating Thyroid Function Depending on the Balance between Stimulating and Blocking Types of TSH Receptor Antibodies: A Case Report (1993)

A 41-year-old hyperthyroid woman visited the hospital in April 1989. She spontaneously developed hypothyroidism in August 1989 and recurrent hyperthyroidism in November 1991. TSH binding inhibitor immunoglobulins (TBII) and thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb) activities were 34.7% (normal range, < 11.0%) and 295.0% (normal range, < 145.0%), respectively, at her first visit. When she was hypothyroid, TBII were 85.9-90.0%, TSAb were 75-190%, and thyroid stimulation-blocking antibodies (TSBAb) activities were 80.0-96.6% (normal range, < 32.2%). When she became hyperthyroid again, TSAb activities were markedly increased to 1108% with TBII and TSBAb activities being 82.2 and 62.8%, respectively. The results indicate that both stimulating and blocking types of TSH receptor antibodies were present in her serum and that her fluctuating thyroid function could be explained by alterations in the balance between the activities of these two types of antibodies.
NMR Investigations of In-Situ Stretched Block Copolymers of Poly(butylene terephthalate) and Poly(tetramethylene oxide) (1998)

The changes in phase structure under mechanical deformation of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT)/poly(tetramethylene oxide) (PTMO) multiblock copolymers differing in the amount and block length of PTMO have been investigated by 13C magic-angle-spinning NMR. Measurements have been performed on unstretched samples, on stretched samples allowed to relax before the NMR experiment, and on samples that are kept under tension in the spinning rotor (in-situ stretched). For unstretched samples a heterogeneity in NMR relaxation behavior of the OCH2 carbons of PTMO was observed (TCH, 13C−T1ρ, 1H−T1ρ), which is attributed to a microphase separation in the amorphous phase into a PTMO-rich phase (mobile) and a mixed PBT/PTMO phase (restricted mobility). Long PTMO block lengths and high PTMO contents favor the formation of the PTMO-rich phase. For stretched and in-situ stretched samples with relatively long PTMO block lengths, an additional resonance with different chemical shifts for the OCH2 carbons of PTMO and with a restricted mobility was observed. This new resonance, which is also found in unstretched samples at temperatures of −30 °C, is assigned to strain-induced crystalline PTMO. The amount of crystalline PTMO increases linearly with the sample strain. It appears that, in stretched samples, heating to 50 °C leads to irreversible melting of the PTMO crystals, in contrary to the in-situ stretched samples, which show recrystallization upon cooling to room temperature. 2D rotor-synchronized 13C−CPMAS experiments revealed a high orientation of the hard and soft phases upon stretching.
The long-term effect of transradial coronary catheterisation on upper limb function (2017)

Upper limb function was not affected at long-term follow-up after transradial procedures.
Lessons learned from blog muse (2010)

Blogging in the enterprise is increasingly popular and recent research has shown that there are numerous benefits for both individuals and the organization, e.g. developing reputation or sharing knowledge. However, participation is very low, blogs are often abandoned and few users realize those benefits. We have designed and implemented a novel system -- called Blog Muse -- whose goal is to inspire potential blog writers by connecting them with their audience through a topic-suggestion system. We describe our system design and report results from a 4-week study with 1004 users who installed our tool. Our data indicate that topics requested by users are effective at inspiring bloggers to write and lead to more social interactions around the resulting entries.
XUV free-electron laser-based projection lithography systems (1990)

Free-electron laser sources, driven by rf-linear accelerators, have the potential to operate in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectral range with more than sufficient average power for high-volume projection lithography. For XUV wavelengths from 100 nm to 4 nm, such sources will enable the resolution limit of optical projection lithography to be extended from 0.25 {mu}m to 0.05{mu}m and with an adequate total depth of focus (1 to 2 {mu}m). Recent developments of a photoinjector of very bright electron beams, high-precision magnetic undulators, and ring-resonator cavities raise our confidence that FEL operation below 100 nm is ready for prototype demonstration. We address the motivation for an XUV FEL source for commercial microcircuit production and its integration into a lithographic system, include reflecting reduction masks, reflecting XUV projection optics and alignment systems, and surface-imaging photoresists. 52 refs., 7 figs.
Mutations at amino-acid 482 in the ABCG2 gene affect substrate and antagonist specificity (2003)

Recent studies have shown that mutations at amino-acid 482 in the ABCG2 gene affect the substrate specificity of the protein. To delineate the effects of these mutations clearly, human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293) were stably transfected with wild-type 482R or mutant 482G and 482T ABCG2. By flow cytometry, mitoxantrone, BODIPY-prazosin, and Hoechst 33342 were found to be substrates of all ABCG2 proteins, while rhodamine 123, daunorubicin, and LysoTracker Green were transported only by mutant ABCG2. In cytotoxicity assays, all ABCG2 proteins conferred high levels of resistance to mitoxantrone, SN-38, and topotecan, while mutant ABCG2 also exhibited a gain of function for mitoxantrone as they conferred a four-fold greater resistance compared to wild type. Cells transfected with mutant ABCG2 were 13- to 71- fold resistant to the P-glycoprotein substrates doxorubicin, daunorubicin, epirubicin, bisantrene, and rhodamine 123 compared to cells transfected with wild-type ABCG2, which were only three- to four-fold resistant to these compounds. ABCG2 did not confer appreciable resistance to etoposide, taxol or the histone deacetylase inhibitor depsipeptide. None of the transfected cell lines demonstrated resistance to flavopiridol despite our previous observation that ABCG2-overexpressing cell lines are cross-resistant to the drug. Recently reported inhibitors of ABCG2 were evaluated and 50 microM novobiocin was found to reverse wild-type ABCG2 completely, but only reverse mutant ABCG2 partially. The studies presented here serve to underscore the importance of amino-acid 482 in defining the substrate specificity of the ABCG2 protein and raise the possibility that amino-acid 482 mutations in human cancers could affect the clinical application of antagonists for ABCG2.
An Experimental and Kinetic Study of Ethene Oxidation at a High Equivalence Ratio (2002)

Ethene oxidation has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. The reaction was studied in a perfectly jet-stirred reactor, at atmospheric pressure, at temperatures in the range of 773−900 K, and at high equivalence ratio (between 3 and 10). The product composition was analyzed on gas chromatographs. The data obtained have been compared with the predictions of two existing detailed kinetic models. Both failed to predict the experimental trends. One of the kinetic models tested has been updated with newer kinetic constant evaluations and then give better agreements for all of the investigated conditions. Finally, rates of production and consumption analysis are used to interpret the results and showed the importance of oxygenated intermediates.
Diagnostic et étiologies des hypoglycémies de l’enfant (1999)

Chaque etape diagnostique de l’hypoglycemie est delicate : il faut l’evoquer devant des signes peu specifiques, la confirmer, en trouver la cause et exclure les suspicions erronees [1]. Les glycemies basses sont physiologiques en pediatrie. Chez 56 jeunes enfants normaux, Chaussain a montre, il y a 25 ans qu’un jeune de 24 heures abaisse la glycemie moyenne a 0,52 ± 14 g/l, avec une bonne tolerance glycemique [2, 3]. Au cours de la demarche diagnostique, il ne faudra donc pas confondre, devant des chiffres proches de 0,50 g/l, pathologie et physiologie ni, a l’inverse, considerer comme physiologique une glycemie basse chez un enfant ayant une cause authentique d’hypoglycemie (faux negatif). Ce sont souvent les signes associes, cliniques et biologiques, qui permettent de faire la difference. Il n’est pas facile, chez le petit enfant, de fixer un seuil glycemique pathologique, a moins d’en choisir une valeur extreme, par exemple 0,20 g/l [4], mais on perd alors, pour la plupart des etiologies, la sensibilite necessaire au diagnostic. Nous exposons, dans cet article, la demarche diagnostique globale des hypoglycemies. Il y est question essentiellement du jeune enfant (de 1 mois a 10 ans).
The Annotated Genome of Wolbachia from the Filarial Nematode Brugia malayi: What It Means for Progress in Antifilarial Medicine (2005)

Filarial nematodes contain endosymbiotic bacteria of the genus Wolbachia. As described in the April 2005 issue of PLoS Biology, Foster et al. have sequenced the genome of the Wolbachia that lives in the nematode Brugia malayi. What are the clinical implications?