gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reply to lung cancer deaths averted by screening should be considered in the context of tobacco control policies (2013)

We agree with Drs. Carreras, Gorini, and Paci that the estimate of lung cancer deaths avertable by screening would be more informative if it were considered within the context of existing and more aggressive tobacco control policies (TCPs). We estimated that approximately 12,000 lung cancer deaths would be averted per year if the screening schemes adopted by the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST)1 were fully implemented among all screening-eligible populations in the United States in 2010.2 This number basically reflects the full potential of low-dose computed tomography screening as estimated by the NLST in reducing lung cancer deaths in the next 6 to 7 years in the United States, and it could serve as a benchmark for comparisons between screening and other lung cancer intervention measures, such as TCPs, which have a positive effect on all tobacco-related disease. Certainly, this estimate would change over time due to changes in smoking prevalence and population size, as well as improvements in imaging technology and lung cancer treatment. Thus, a long-term predictive comparison between screening and TCPs, as Dr. Carreras and colleagues performed recently,3 would be of greater relevance to policy makers focused on lung cancer control and prevention, although the uncertainty of long-term prediction is a challenge. It also is important when comparing TCPs with lung cancer screening that a significant fraction of new lung cancer cases are diagnosed in former smokers who ultimately did not benefit from the influence of TCPs. A mature tobacco-related disease control program should embrace all effective interventions. To date, there are still several unanswered questions regarding lung cancer screening, such as its effectiveness in a younger or older population or in current/former smokers with a smoking history of less than 30 pack-years.4 In addition, it is still unclear whether implementation of screening will undermine or strengthen the effects of smoking cessation programs. Therefore, as stated in our article,2 future studies should consider not only tobacco control policies but also other factors that may affect the estimates of lung cancer deaths avertable by screening. Jiemin Ma, PhD, MHS1 Ahmedin Jemal, DVM, PhD1 Robert Smith, PhD2 1Surveillance Research ProgramAmerican Cancer SocietyAtlanta, Georgia 2Department of Cancer ScreeningAmerican Cancer SocietyAtlanta, Georgia
An Antisense Oligonucleotide Reverses the Footshock-Induced Expression of Fos in the Rat Medial Prefrontal Cortex and the Subsequent Expression of Conditioned Fear-Induced Immobility (1999)

The immediate-early genes, including c-fos, have been proposed to be involved in learning and memory. In this report, we examine stress-induced Fos-like immunoreactivity (Fos-li) in subregions of the prefrontal cortex during a conditioned fear paradigm. During the acquisition phase, the rats were conditioned to fear a formerly neutral tone by pairing the tone with a mild footshock. The rats were then tested for fearful behavior by reexposure to the tone without additional footshock. During acquisition, Fos-li was increased in the medial prefrontal cortex (infralimbic and prelimbic) but not the anterior cingulate and M1 motor cortex. However, during the extinction phase, no significant increase in Fos-li was observed in any region. These findings indicate that acquisition, but not extinction, of conditioned fear is associated with an increase in Fos-li in subregions of the medial prefrontal cortex. In other animals, an antisense oligonucleotide directed against the c-fos mRNA was injected into the infralimbic/prelimbic cortex 12 or 72 hr before the acquisition session. Antisense treatment given 12, but not 72, hr earlier suppressed Fos production without altering behavior during the acquisition session. Three days after the acquisition session, rats were tested for fearful behavior as before. The antisense oligonucleotide blockade of Fos production during acquisition was associated with a significantly less fearful response during the extinction session. These results support a role for Fos in the medial prefrontal cortex during the acquisition of aversive learning.
Topical anesthetics in children: agents and techniques that equally comfort patients, parents, and clinicians (2001)

Topical anesthetics are increasingly important, as the number of outpatient surgeries for dermatologic problems in infants and children is steadily growing. This noninvasive modality of anesthetic delivery in conjunction with a reassuring environment may minimize the discomfort of otherwise painful procedures. Since the 1880s, when cocaine was first used as a topical ophthalmologic anesthetic, many ester-and amide-based local anesthetics have been developed for a variety of simple and complex procedures. The pediatric dermatologist's arsenal of topical anesthetic preparations is increasing with the development of novel vehicles of transdermal delivery and the use of anesthetics in combination. Eutectic mixture of local anesthetics is currently the most frequently prescribed topical agent, though the use of ELA-max, another lidocaine-containing preparation, is gaining momentum, especially in the neonatal population. Amethocaine, tetracaine, iontophoresis, and the S-caine patch, a product on the horizon for use in the pediatric population, also are included in this discussion.
A Visual Servoing-Based Method for ProCam Systems Calibration (2013)

Projector-camera systems are currently used in a wide field of applications, such as 3D reconstruction and augmented reality, and can provide accurate measurements, depending on the configuration and calibration. Frequently, the calibration task is divided into two steps: camera calibration followed by projector calibration. The latter still poses certain problems that are not easy to solve, such as the difficulty in obtaining a set of 2D-3D points to compute the projection matrix between the projector and the world. Existing methods are either not sufficiently accurate or not flexible. We propose an easy and automatic method to calibrate such systems that consists in projecting a calibration pattern and superimposing it automatically on a known printed pattern. The projected pattern is provided by a virtual camera observing a virtual pattern in an OpenGL model. The projector displays what the virtual camera visualizes. Thus, the projected pattern can be controlled and superimposed on the printed one with the aid of visual servoing. Our experimental results compare favorably with those of other methods considering both usability and accuracy.
A Modular Toolset for Recombination Transgenesis and Neurogenetic Analysis of Drosophila (2012)

Transgenic Drosophila have contributed extensively to our understanding of nervous system development, physiology and behavior in addition to being valuable models of human neurological disease. Here, we have generated a novel series of modular transgenic vectors designed to optimize and accelerate the production and analysis of transgenes in Drosophila. We constructed a novel vector backbone, pBID, that allows both phiC31 targeted transgene integration and incorporates insulator sequences to ensure specific and uniform transgene expression. Upon this framework, we have built a series of constructs that are either backwards compatible with existing restriction enzyme based vectors or utilize Gateway recombination technology for high-throughput cloning. These vectors allow for endogenous promoter or Gal4 targeted expression of transgenic proteins with or without fluorescent protein or epitope tags. In addition, we have generated constructs that facilitate transgenic splice isoform specific RNA inhibition of gene expression. We demonstrate the utility of these constructs to analyze proteins involved in nervous system development, physiology and neurodegenerative disease. We expect that these reagents will facilitate the proficiency and sophistication of Drosophila genetic analysis in both the nervous system and other tissues.
Using the HLA for Distributed Continuous Simulations (2013)

Distributed computing offers many advantages for all types of computational applications. Realizing heterogeneous simulation platforms may benefit from many facilities of distributed computing. However, distributing simulation components over a network raises many challenges concerning communications, data exchange, numerical stabilities and others. A well-known solution that addresses some of these challenges is the High Level Architecture (HLA). The HLA is an industry standard for distributed simulation and interoperability. So far the HLA has been used in industry for Discrete Event Simulations (DES). In this paper it is presented how the HLA can also be employed for continuous simulations. Two HLA specific algorithms for distributing explicitly coupled continuous simulation components over the network are presented. The simulation components follow the Functional Mock-up Interface (FMI) specification. The FMI is a specification for model exchange and co-simulation among simulation tools. Any simulation component conforming to FMI, generated from any of the more than forty simulation tools1 that are supporting or planning to support the FMI, can be considered in the proposed architecture.
Histopathological findings in three children with His bundle tachycardia occurring subsequent to cardiac surgery (1992)

This report concerns three children with His bundle tachycardia who died following cardiac surgery. At autopsy the conduction system was examined in detail. In all three, the sinus node was intact and supplied by a well-formed artery. Haemorrhagic tracks were identified invading the penetrating atrioventricular bundle. The tracks originated from stitches placed close to the conduction tissue. The hypothesis that disruption of the conduction tissue results in an arrhythmogenic focus is discussed.
Platelet Aggregation Testing in Platelet-Rich Plasma Description of Procedures With the Aim to Develop Standards in the Field (2005)

Platelet function testing consisting of platelet aggregation and secretion often is requested in the clinical evaluation of patients with bleeding problems. At present, there are no uniform clinical laboratory standards for the performance or interpretation of these studies. The present report describes one laboratory's methods and interpretations of platelet aggregation and secretion studies of platelet-rich plasma using each of the common platelet agonists. Diagnostic categories for the evaluation of the platelet function testing are presented. The diagnostic categories then are applied to the evaluation of 61 patients referred to our medical center for these studies. The aims of this report are to present clinical platelet aggregation and secretion studies and to provide a working schema to evaluate these results. Our intent is to stimulate interest in the development of professional guidelines for platelet function testing in the clinical laboratory.
Frequent sgRNA-barcode recombination in single-cell perturbation assays (2018)

Simultaneously detecting CRISPR-based perturbations and induced transcriptional changes in the same cell is a powerful approach to unraveling genome function. Several lentiviral approaches have been developed, some of which rely on the detection of distally located genetic barcodes as an indirect proxy of sgRNA identity. Since barcodes are often several kilobases from their corresponding sgRNAs, viral recombination-mediated swapping of barcodes and sgRNAs is feasible. Using a self-circularization-based sgRNA-barcode library preparation protocol, we estimate the recombination rate to be ~50% and we trace this phenomenon to the pooled viral packaging step. Recombination is random, and decreases the signal-to-noise ratio of the assay. Our results suggest that alternative approaches can increase the throughput and sensitivity of single-cell perturbation assays.
<title>Processing of partial video data for detection of wipes</title> (1998)

With the currently existing shot change detection algorithms, abrupt changes are detected fairly well. It is thus more challenging to detect gradual changes, including fades, dissolves, and wipes, as these are often missed or falsely detected. In this paper, we focus on the detection of wipes. The proposed algorithm begins by processing the visual rhythm, a portion of the DC image sequence. It is a single image, a sub-sampled version of a full video, in which the sampling is performed in a predetermined and systematic fashion. The visual rhythm contains distinctive patterns or visual features for many different types of video effects. The different video effects manifest themselves differently on the visual rhythm. In particular, wipes appear as curves, which run from the top to the bottom of the visual rhythm. Thus, using the visual rhythm, it becomes possible to automatically detect wipes, simply by determining various lines and curves on the visual rhythm.
Direct detection of mutation sites on stretched DNA by atomic force microscopy (2002)

Abstract Based on MutS protein recognition of heteroduplex DNA, here we report an approach by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) in combination with a DNA stretching technique for detecting small DNA alternations. The AFM studies showed that the binding ratio of heteroduplex DNA to MutS was higher than that of homoduplex DNA. The data also showed that the stretching operation caused little change to the binding ratios of both heteroduplex and homoduplex DNA. By stretching the MutS‐bound DNA, the distances from MutS binding sites to the DNA ends could be measured directly using AFM and the position of the binding sites could be measured. Because of the DNA stretching operation, this method will be competent to detect unpaired or mismatched sites on long DNA molecules in a direct and visual way. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distributed amplification: A new approach (1967)

A general formula is derived for gain of a distributed amplifier using nonuniform lines but with image impedance match at each connection. A study of the gain formula shows that the rise of gain can be eliminated by having different propagation functions for the sections. Thus a new method of constructing amplifiers having constant gain is obtained. The new amplifier also shows pronounced improvement in transient response. In order to verify some of the theoretical predictions, an experimental amplifier of this type was built, and its characteristics studied. It is found that the theoretical calculations and the experimental results are nearly matched.
Saliency Detection in the Compressed Domain for Adaptive Image Retargeting (2012)

Saliency detection plays important roles in many image processing applications, such as regions of interest extraction and image resizing. Existing saliency detection models are built in the uncompressed domain. Since most images over Internet are typically stored in the compressed domain such as joint photographic experts group (JPEG), we propose a novel saliency detection model in the compressed domain in this paper. The intensity, color, and texture features of the image are extracted from discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients in the JPEG bit-stream. Saliency value of each DCT block is obtained based on the Hausdorff distance calculation and feature map fusion. Based on the proposed saliency detection model, we further design an adaptive image retargeting algorithm in the compressed domain. The proposed image retargeting algorithm utilizes multioperator operation comprised of the block-based seam carving and the image scaling to resize images. A new definition of texture homogeneity is given to determine the amount of removal block-based seams. Thanks to the directly derived accurate saliency information from the compressed domain, the proposed image retargeting algorithm effectively preserves the visually important regions for images, efficiently removes the less crucial regions, and therefore significantly outperforms the relevant state-of-the-art algorithms, as demonstrated with the in-depth analysis in the extensive experiments.
Harmonic source and type identification in a radial distribution system (2002)

To aid in locating the source and type of harmonics in a distribution system, a computer program called HARM TRACER has been developed. HARM TRACER is a reverse harmonic power flow study program which traces the flow of harmonics in a radial distribution system from the point of measurement to the harmonic source or sources. It does so by considering each bus of the radial distribution system one at a time and calculating the bus voltages and injected or absorbed power at all frequencies. Based on the harmonic voltages, direction of harmonic currents, and harmonic power injections, the buses that are sources of harmonics are identified.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Selective Cytotoxicity of Hydroquinone for Melanocyte‐Derived Cells is Mediated by Tyrosinase Activity but Independent of Melanin Content (1988)

In previous studies we have shown melanotic melanomas to be exquisitely more sensitive to hydroquinone (HQ) inhibition than non-melanotic cell lines in vitro. Indeed, incorporation of [H3] Urd and [H3] Thd have been shown to be respectively 80 and 35 times more sensitive to HQ inhibition. The difference between the cell lines studied was their derivation, marked by their different melanin contents. The presence of melanin was proposed as a possible explanation of the differences. However, comparative experiments reported here demonstrate that amelanotic melanoma cell lines are equally susceptible to HQ inhibition. Thus, the action of HQ is apparently independent of the melanin content of the cell. Significantly, the tyrosinase levels in the melanomas and the amelanomas were found to be comparable and markedly different from that in the non-melanoma control cell lines. Thus, the results reported here support the hypothesis put forward by other workers that hydroquinone melanotoxicity is independent of cellular melanin content but requires the presence of active tyrosinase.
On the reform of educational model of higher vocational medical college (2011)

Objective To provide vocational medical colleges with practical basis for their reform and development through analyzing the current situation of higher medical vocational education and exploring innovative educational model.Methods To implement the reform of educational model by carrying out the orientation-training of medical care talent for rural communities, by strengthening the cultivation of practical skills and by improving the quality of talent training.Results The medical care talent training model for rural communities created and implemented by Zhejiang Medical College is welcomed by all levels of health administrative department of Zhejiang Province.With simulated hospital and school-hospital (enterprise) integration training model, the direct connection between students and occupation is realized.The quality of talent training can be ensured by enhancing the construction of teaching staff like the cultivation of dual-qualified'' teachers.Conclusions Exerting itseff to cultivate professional medical talents serving grass root accords with the direction of higher vocational education reform, and is a practical and sustainable way for vocational medical colleges to carry out talent training and seek further development.

Key words: 
Higher vocational medical education;  Educational model;  Teaching reform
Oral Fluid Testing for Drugs of Abuse (2009)

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration approval of OF testing was delayed because questions about drug OF disposition were not yet resolved, and collection device performance and testing assays required improvement. Here, we document the many advances achieved in the use of OF. Additional research is needed to identify new biomarkers, determine drug detection windows, characterize OF adulteration techniques, and evaluate analyte stability. Nevertheless, there is no doubt that OF offers multiple advantages as an alternative matrix for drug monitoring and has an important role in DUID, treatment, workplace, and criminal justice programs.
Improving Ant Colony Optimization performance on the GPU using CUDA (2013)

We solve the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) using a parallel implementation of the Ant System (AS) algorithm for execution on the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) using NVIDIA CUDA. Extending some recent research, we implement both the tour construction and pheromone update stages of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) on the GPU using a data parallel approach. In this recent work, roulette wheel selection is used during the tour construction phase; however, we propose a new parallel implementation of roulette wheel selection called Double-Spin Roulette (DS-Roulette) which significantly reduces the running time of tour construction. We also develop a new implementation of the pheromone update stage. Our results show that compared to its sequential counterpart our new parallel implementation executes up to 82× faster whilst preserving the quality of the tours constructed, and up to 8.5× faster than the best existing parallel GPU implementation.
Semi-supervised Spectral Clustering for Image Set Classification (2014)

We present an image set classification algorithm based on unsupervised clustering of labeled training and unlabeled test data where labels are only used in the stopping criterion. The probability distribution of each class over the set of clusters is used to define a true set based similarity measure. To this end, we propose an iterative sparse spectral clustering algorithm. In each iteration, a proximity matrix is efficiently recomputed to better represent the local subspace structure. Initial clusters capture the global data structure and finer clusters at the later stages capture the subtle class differences not visible at the global scale. Image sets are compactly represented with multiple Grassmannian manifolds which are subsequently embedded in Euclidean space with the proposed spectral clustering algorithm. We also propose an efficient eigenvector solver which not only reduces the computational cost of spectral clustering by many folds but also improves the clustering quality and final classification results. Experiments on five standard datasets and comparison with seven existing techniques show the efficacy of our algorithm.
Serum Biochemical Markers for Brain Damage in Children with Emphasis on Mild Head Injury (2010)

Despite the high incidence of mild pediatric head injuries, only within the past few years has there been increased interest and research in this area. This interest began when the findings from research done in adult patients showed that the effects of mild closed head injuries could interfere significantly with higher cognitive functioning, which impacted daily activities and employment. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often involves a combination of mechanical trauma and local hypoxemia, on which serum biomarker concentrations may provide critical therapeutic data to time the brain injury. Biochemical serum markers after TBI may be used as a source for the identification of the injury, the extent of the injury and the time of its occurrence, and even for identifying its most likely outcome. This article discusses current research and theories regarding biochemical serum markers in brain injury with an emphasis on their impact on and utility in mild head injury in children.