gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Drugs, photochemistry and photostability (1998)

Photochemistry of Drugs: An Overview and Practical Problems Medicinal Photochemistry (An Introduction with Attention to Kinetic Aspects) Photoreactivity of Selected Antimalarial Compounds in Solution and in the Solid State Photochemistry of Diuretic Drugs in Solution New Results in the Photoinstability of Antimycotics Photoreactivity versus Activity of a Selected Class of Phenothiazines: A Comparative Study Photoprocesses in Photosensitising Drugs containing a Benzophenone-like Chromophore Photostability of Coumarin Photostabilities of Several Chemical Compounds used as Active Ingredients in Sunscreens An Analytical and Structural Study of the Photostability of some Leukotriene B4 Antagonists Molecular Mechanisms of Photosensitization Induced by Drugs on Biological Systems and Design of Photoprotective Systems A Comparison between the Photochemical and Photosensitising Properties of Different Drugs Photostability of Drug Substances and Drug Products: A Validated Reference Method for Implementing the ICH Photostability Study Guidelines The Elaboration and Application of the ICH Guideline on Photostability. A European View Selecting the Right Source for Pharmaceutical Photostability Testing Design and Validation Characteristics of the Environmental Chambers for Photostability Testing Design Limits and Qualification Issues for Room-size Solar Simulators in a GLP Environment Actinometry: Concepts and Experiments trans-2-Nitrocinnamaldehyde as Chemical Actinometer for the UV-A Range in Photostability Testing of Pharmaceuticals Subject Index.
Non-homogenous illumination correction of calibrated incoherent optical-fiber-bundles for image transmission purposes (2006)

We present here a new non-homogenous illumination correction method of a calibrated incoherent optical fiber bundle (IOFB) for image transmission purpose. The use of IOFB for image transmission in hazardous areas, where conventional camera cannot be employed because of their incorporated electronic, is fully justified. The high fabrication cost of coherent optical fiber bundles makes IOFB useful for large distances images capture applications. Since the bundle is spatially incoherent, the image coming out at the bundle end is a random set of illuminated points, without any spatial correlation, but once the IOFB calibrated, it can be used to transmit optical images without any electronics. To calibrate such cables, a flat LCD screen is used to emit input images. To solve a chromatic aberration problem, generated by the optical system composed by few conventional lens, diaphragms are used, which also reduce the emitted light, and so solve the saturation camera sensor problem too. It unfortunately generates a non-homogenous output picture illumination, which creates noise in the reconstructed images. In this paper we present and compare three methods to correct the cable output image illumination, once the spatial calibration is achieved, presenting some of the results obtained using this method
Unified enterprise modelling language-based interoperability for collaborative access control framework in critical infrastructures (2020)

International audience
Graph-based approaches to insider threat detection (2009)

This work presents the use of graph-based approaches to discovering anomalous instances of structural patterns in data that represent entities, relationships and actions. Using the minimum description length (MDL) principle to first identify the normative pattern, the algorithms presented in this paper identify the three possible changes to a graph: modifications, insertions and deletions. Each algorithm discovers those substructures that match the closest to the normative pattern without matching exactly. As a result, this proposed approach searches for those activities that appear to match normal (or legitimate) transactions, but in fact are structurally different. After briefly presenting the three algorithms, we then show the usefulness of applying these graph theoretic approaches to discovering illegal activity for a simulated insider threat within a passport processing scenario.
Hydrogen-Dependent Oxygen Reduction by Homoacetogenic Bacteria Isolated from Termite Guts (2003)

Although homoacetogenic bacteria are generally considered to be obligate anaerobes, they colonize the intestinal tracts of termites and other environments that are not entirely anoxic in space or time. In this study, we investigated how homoacetogenic bacteria isolated from the hindguts of various termites respond to the presence of molecular oxygen. All strains investigated formed growth bands in oxygen gradient agar tubes under a headspace of H(2)-CO(2). The position of the bands coincided with the oxic-anoxic interface and depended on the O(2) partial pressure in the headspace; the position of the bands relative to the meniscus remained stable for more than 1 month. Experiments with dense cell suspensions, performed with Clark-type O(2) and H(2) electrodes, revealed a large capacity for H(2)-dependent oxygen reduction in Sporomusa termitida and Sporomusa sp. strain TmAO3 (149 and 826 nmol min(-1) mg of protein(-1), respectively). Both strains also reduced O(2) with endogenous reductants, albeit at lower rates. Only in Acetonema longum did the basal rates exceed the H(2)-dependent rates considerably (181 versus 28 nmol min(-1) mg of protein)(-1)). Addition of organic substrates did not stimulate O(2) consumption in any of the strains. Nevertheless, reductive acetogenesis by cell suspensions of strain TmAO3 was inhibited even at the lowest O(2) fluxes, and growth in nonreduced medium occurred only after the bacteria had rendered the medium anoxic. Similar results were obtained with Acetobacterium woodii, suggesting that the results are not unique to the strains isolated from termites. We concluded that because of their tolerance to temporary exposure to O(2) at low partial pressures (up to 1.5 kPa in the case of strain TmAO3) and because of their large capacity for O(2) reduction, homoacetogens can reestablish conditions favorable for growth by actively removing oxygen from their environment.
Multiple primary tumours in women following breast cancer, 1973–2000 (2006)

We investigated the predictors of the risk of developing a second primary cancer after breast cancer, this occurring in about 12% of affected women. The analysis included 335 191 females, registered in the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database, who had been diagnosed with breast cancer. Observed numbers of subsequent cancers in the SEER database with a first breast cancer diagnosed from 1973 to 2000 were compared with the expected numbers based on age-adjusted incidence rates to calculate standardised incidence ratios. Kaplan-Meier curves were conducted to determine the median time until the second primary cancer diagnosis. Average number of years until diagnosis varied by site and by age as well as median years until second cancer diagnosis. Most cancer risks decreased with age, but there was an increase in aging-related cancers such as lung cancer. The median years of follow-up were well beyond the 5-year mark. Breast cancer survivors should be advised of their increased risk for developing certain cancers in their lifetime.
Zero gravity separator Patent (1966)

Describing apparatus for separating gas from cryogenic liquid under zero gravity and for venting gas from fuel tank
Interdiffusion between the platinum-modified aluminide coating RT 22 and nickel-based single-crystal superalloys at 1000 and 1200°C (1994)

AbstractTh e interdiffusion between the Pt-modified aluminide coating RT 22 and the single-crystal supera lloys CMSX-6 and SRR 99 has been investigated at 1000 and 1200°C up to 1600 h of exposure time in air and vacuum. Both coating/substrate systems possess remarkable stability at 1000°C, in air as well as in vacuum. It appears that the plate-like precipitates of intermetallics in the interd iffusion zone between coating and substrate act as a barrier layer for interdiffusion. Some inward diffusion of Pt and Al and outward diffusion of Ti occur at 1000°C. Rapid degradation of the coating takes place at 1200°C mainly by interdiffusion. The AI di ffusion into the substrates leads to conversion of β-NiAI into γ'-Ni3AI and finally into γ-phase. Tirapidly diffuses outwards and becomes incorporated into the scale rich in AI. Thus, the Ti content of the substrate affects the scaling behaviour of the coa ting. The intermetallic precipitates are dissolved and, therefore, so is the interdiffusion barrier. The somewhat better behaviour of the RT 22/ SRR 99 system is probably caused by the greater stability of the W-rich intermetallics in this system.Keywords: CoatingSingle-crystal superalloyInterdiffusion
Evaluation of the Formation and Stability of Hydroxyalkylsulfonic Acids in Wines (2007)

The presence of carbonyl compounds (CCs) in wines has sparked the interest of researchers in several countries. The quantification of some of these compounds has been used as a parameter of quality for many fermented beverages. Although present in minute quantities (except for acetaldehyde), they have a strong olfactory impact. In addition, the CCs found in wines have a strong affinity for bisulfite and can form stable adducts, which will also interfere in the characteristics of aroma. The greatest challenge, however, is to predict which CCs have the strongest affinity for S(IV) and what conditions favor this interaction. To better understand the reaction of CC-bisulfite adduct formation (HASA), this study has evaluated the profile of 22 CCs in a "synthetic wine" containing bisulfite and in 10 real samples of different wines from the São Francisco Valley, northeastern Brazil. On the basis of principal component analysis (PCA) and dissociation constants, the results revealed that aliphatic aldehydes form adducts with S(IV), whereas ketones, cyclic aldehydes, and trans-alkenes interact weakly and are found predominantly in their free form. These results revealed also that pH 10 and 11 were defined as the most appropriate for CC-SO 2 adduct dissociation, and the total CCs were quantified reliably.
MOVEMENT VARIABILITY AND BRADYKINESIA IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE (1990)

When making discrete aiming movements, patients with Parkinson's disease show greater inherent variability in the endpoints of their movements than do normal subjects. Endpoint variability can be reduced, by moving more slowly, by utilizing visual guidance, and by making small amplitude movements. The greater variability of patients is not a universal finding, but depends on the conditions of movement. For small movements the performance of patients equates to that of controls. For larger movements the results indicate that if sufficient time is available, patients can use visual guidance (if available) to reduce the variability of their movements to the level of normals. Patients can generate fast and/or large amplitude arm movements if required, but they are erratic if made in the dark or over a short duration. Their difficulty lies not so much in the magnitude of muscle force available to them, but rather in an inability to produce it consistently for any given movement attempted. Bradykinesia may in part result from this inherent variability in that parkinsonian patients, in order to maintain accuracy within acceptable limits, are forced to increase the duration of their movements to a level where they can make use of visual guidance. In any event, theoretical explanations for the movement disorder in Parkinson's disease advanced in the literature need to take some account of this increased variability of movement.
Fly Ash in Cement and Concrete (1987)

This review of the literature on fly ash was prepared to identify problems and research opportunities concerning the characterization of fly ash for its use with portland cement in concrete. The focal points of this work are (1) the physical and chemical characteristics of fly ashes and the methods used to determine them, and (2) the interactions between portland cements and fly ashes in fresh and hardening mixtures and how these interactions are affected by the characteristics of the fly ashes. The objectives of this study are (1) to provide the reader with a good summary of the technical literature on fly ash, (2) to show both the adequact and the limitations of current test methods and specifications to assure predictable and improved performance of fly ash with cement in concrete, and (3) to identify research needs.
A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON A METHOD OF PLANNING THE MAMMAPLASTY (1956)

Houston, Texas * Department of Plastic Surgery, Baylor University School of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
Improving Software Quality: An Insider's Guide to TQM (1992)

Quality Planning--Doing the Right Things. The Management and Planning Tools. The Software Quality Problem-Solving Process. Plan--Investigate the Problem. Do--Identify and Implement Proposed Solutions. Check Results. Act to Integrate and Sustain Solutions. Quality Improvement Teams. Process Management--Doing Things Right. Supporting Software Quality Improvement. Quality in Software Evolution. Rapid Evolutionary Development. Software Evolution. A QI Story. Bibliography. Appendices. Index.
Finite Element Analysis of 4-Cylinder Diesel Crankshaft (2011)

The stress analysis and modal analysis of a 4-cylinder crankshaft are discussed using finite element method in this paper. Three-dimension models of 480 diesel engine crankshaft and crankthrow were created using Pro/ENGINEER software The finite element analysis (FEM) software ANSYS was used to analyse the vibration modal and the distortion and stress status of the crankthrow.The maximum deformation, maximum stress point and dangerous areas are found by the stress analysis of crankthrow. The relationship between the frequency and the vibration modal is explained by the modal analysis of crankshaft. The results would provide a valuable theoretical foundation for the optimization and improvement of engine design. Index Terms—finete element analysis; modal analysis; strss analysis; crankshaft
Failure to correlate <i>C. pneumoniae</i> with late onset Alzheimer’s disease (2002)

<i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> is a common cause of community acquired respiratory infections such as pharyngitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia. The detection of <i>C. pneumoniae</i> in 17 of 19 brain samples from patients diagnosed with AD using PCR, RT-PCR, culture, electron microscopic and immunohistochemical analysis recently has been reported.<sup>1</sup> We conducted a pilot study to confirm these observations. Brain samples, from AD cases (n = 9, including parahippocampal gyrus, entorhinal cortex, and temporal cortex) and non-AD cases (n = 2, temporal cortex and hippocampus) were examined as a blind panel using PCR and immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemistry (figure) was performed on impression slides taken from the frozen brain samples using a <i>C. pneumoniae</i>–specific monoclonal antibody (DAKO). Nested PCR procedures were performed using sets of primers specific for <i>C. pneumoniae</i>, namely the 76-kd protein gene1 and the rpoB gene encoding the RNA polymerase beta subunit (see the figure),<sup>2</sup> as well as broadly reactive pan-<i>Chlamydia</i> primers targeting the 16S ribosomal RNA gene in <i>Chlamydia</i> and <i>Chlamydia</i>-like organisms.<sup>3</sup>
Load balanced deadlock-free deterministic routing of arbitrary networks (1992)

This paper provides efficient algorithms to deadlock-free route arbitrary multiprocessor interconnection networks as follows:
Droplet Nucleation and Domain Wall Motion in a Bounded Interval (2001)

We study a spatially extended model of noise-induced magnetization reversal: a classical Ginzburg-Landau model, restricted to a bounded interval and perturbed by weak spatiotemporal noise. By adapting the Coleman-Langer approach to false vacuum decay, we determine the dependence of the activation barrier and Kramers rate prefactor on the interval length. As it increases, a transition between activation regimes occurs, at which the prefactor diverges. Similar transitions between activation regimes should occur in many other bistable, spatially extended classical models.
Osmium Tag for Post‐transcriptionally Modified RNA (2018)

5-Methylcytidine (m<sup>5</sup> C) and 5-methyluridine (m<sup>5</sup> U) are highly abundant post-transcriptionally modified nucleotides that are observed in various natural RNAs. Such nucleotides were labeled through a chemical approach, as both underwent oxidation at the C5=C6 double bond, leading to the formation of osmium-bipyridine complexes, which could be identified by mass spectrometry. This osmium tag made it possible to distinguished m<sup>5</sup> C and m<sup>5</sup> U from their isomers, 2'-O-methylcytidine and 2'-O-methyluridine, respectively. Queuosine and 2-methylthio-N<sup>6</sup> -isopentenyladenosine in tRNA were also tagged through complex formation.
Statisical logic in the monitoring of reactions to therapeutic drugs. (1971)

National and international organizations have now been established for the acquisition and interpretation of reports of suspected adverse reactions to drugs. These differ in detail but have the common feature of a strong element of spontaneity in the initiation of reports by individual physicians. The typical report relates to one person and contains information on drugs administered, any adverse events that might be reactions to the drugs, and additional identificatory and classificatory material. Interpretation of these voluntarily submitted records is a problem of statistico-medical detection, more complex and less certain than that of a planned clinical trial despite superficial resemblances. The paper emphasizes again the distinction between patient, drug, and event ascertainment. It then presents examples of the logical argument appropriate to each. For any new problem, quantitative analysis must be allied to thorough consideration of independence, representativeness, susceptibility equivalence, background equivalence, and unbiased reporting of the data. Monitoring can never lead to complete demonstration that a drug causes an adverse reaction; with strict attention to the whole medical background, it can provide a convincing case for caution in therapeutic practice pending the completion of new research directed at an identified problem.
4-Dimethylaminopyridine (2016)

[1122-58-3] C7H10N2 (MW 122.19) InChI = 1S/C7H10N2/c1-9(2)7-3-5-8-6-4-7/h3-6H,1-2H3 InChIKey = VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (catalyst for acylation of alcohols or amines,1-11 especially for acylations of tertiary or hindered alcohols or phenols12 and for macrolactonizations;13-15 catalyst for direct esterification of carboxylic acids and alcohols in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (Steglich–Hassner esterification);5 catalyst for silylation or tritylation of alcohols,9, 10 and for the Dakin–West reaction20) Alternate Name: DMAP. Physical Data: colorless solid; mp 108–110 °C; pKa 9.7. Solubility: sol MeOH, CHCl3, CH2Cl2, acetone, THF, pyridine, HOAc, EtOAc; partly sol cold hexane or water. Form Supplied in: colorless solid; commercially available. Preparative Methods: prepared by heating 4-pyridone with HMPA at 220 °C, or from a number of 4-substituted (Cl, OPh, SO3H, OSiMe3) pyridines by heating with DMA.2 Prepared commercially from the 4-pyridylpyridinium salt (obtained from pyridine and SOCl2) by heating with DMF at 155 °C.1, 2 Purification: can be recrystallized from EtOAc. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: skin irritant; corrosive, toxic solid.
A contactless hand shape identification system (2011)

Geometric measurements of human hand shape have been used for personal authentication in a number of commercial systems. Yet, traditional hand shape image acquisition devices have auxiliary pegs or planar to help users place their hands correctly for accurate identification. It is not so acceptable for privacy reasons. Moreover, the contact may contaminate and corrode the device. Aiming at these disadvantages, a contactless hand shape identification approach is proposed in this paper. Hand images are captured by the self-developed device in a contactless manner. After that, geometry features are extracted based on key points, which are selected by Sliding Window Filtering Algorithm. Distance measuring is then performed on feature vectors to get a final decision. Experiments show that Equal Error Rate of the system reaches 2.16% and 2.40% in two different kinds of data sets.
I Can Be You: Questioning the Use of Keystroke Dynamics as Biometrics (2013)

Contact laser thermal angioplasty with a metal hot tip heated by an Argon laser system (Trimedyne Inc.) was performed on 34 peripheral arterial occlusive or stenotic regions (7 iliac, 20 femoral and 7 popliteal arteries) in 22 patients with ASO. The early clinical results of laser angioplasty were investigated by comparing those of 15 patients treated by percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTA). There was no perforation of the arterial wall caused by thermal ablation with the hot tip heated by repeated pulses under power conditions of 10 watts of laser energy for 5 seconds. Detachment of the hot tip caused by frequent healing without a sufficient period of tip cooling was observed in 2 cases. Acute thrombosis was observed in 1 patient during reconstruction of the proximal artery. The initial success rate of laser angioplasty and PTA was 91.2% and 86.7%, respectively. Re-stenosis or occlusion was observed in 7 of 31 regions 6 months after laser angioplasty. Satisfactory results were not obtained in the femoral artery. The overall patency rate of laser angioplasty and PTA was 77.4% and 69.2%, respectively. The initial success rate of laser angioplasty in totally obstructed arterial regions was higher than that of PTA.
A deletion of 1.6 kb proximal to the CGG repeat of the FMR1 gene causes the clinical phenotype of the fragile X syndrome (1994)

The vast majority of individuals with the fragile X syndrome show expanded stretches of CGG repeats in the 5' non-coding region of FMR1. This expansion coincides with abnormal methylation patterns in that area resulting in the silencing of the FMR1 gene. Evidence is accumulating that this directly causes the fragile X phenotype. Very few other mutations in FMR1, causing the fragile X phenotype have been reported thus far and all concerned isolated cases. We, however, report a family, in which 11 individuals have a deletion of 1.6 kb proximal to the CGG repeat of the FMR1 gene. Although fragile X chromosomes were not detected, all 4 affected males and 2 of the carrier females show characteristics of the fragile X phenotype. Using RT-PCR we could demonstrate that FMR1 is not expressed in the affected males, strongly suggesting that the FMR1 promoter sequences 5' to the CGG repeat are missing. The deletion patients have approximately 45 CGG repeats in their FMR1 gene, though not interspersed by AGG triplets that are usually present in both normal and expanded repeats. It is hypothesized that prior to the occurrence of the deletion, an expansion of the repeat occurred, and that the deletion removed the 5' part of the CGG repeat containing the AGG triplets. Transmission of the deletion through the family could be traced back to the deceased grandfather of the affected males, which supports the hypothesis that the FMR1 gene product is not required for spermatogenesis. Finally, the data provide additional evidence that the fragile X syndrome is a single gene disorder.