gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of aflatoxin B1-induced cell injury by selenium: an in vitro study (1995)

Dietary selenium is an essential trace element in human nutrition. Selenium has been shown in animal studies to inhibit aflatoxin hepatocarcinogenesis. However, the cellular mechanism responsible for the inhibition has not been thoroughly studied. This study examines the effect of two selenium compounds, namely, sodium selenite and selenium-enriched yeast extract (SeY), on the cytotoxicity, DNA-binding and mutagenicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. CHO cells, after treatment with 2 micrograms ml-1 selenite or 80 micrograms ml-1 SeY, exhibited increased resistance to AFB1-induced cell killing. At a concentration of 50 micrograms ml-1 AFB1, cell survival, measured by the clonogenicity assay, was increased by 21- and 10-fold in selenite- and SeY-treated cells, respectively. However, selenium treatment did not appear to affect AFB1-DNA binding. Similarly, no effect was observed on AFB1 mutagenicity, as determined by the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) gene mutation assay. The results showed that selenium could effectively protect cells from AFB1 cytotoxicity in cultured cells but had no effect on AFB1-DNA adduct formation or mutagenesis. It is suggested that there are multiple pathways of AFB1 toxicity and that selenium can modulate AFB1-induced cell killing independent of its genotoxicity.
Radiation Protection Considerations of Overhead Fluoroscopic Installations (1971)

Recently some X-ray manufacturers in this country have copied a European trend for installation of diagnostic X-ray rooms with an overhead fluoroscopic arrangement. The obvious advantage for performing fluoroscopy in this manner is an economic one. Thus, one X-ray tube can be used for both radiographic exposures and fluoroscopic examinations. When operated remotely, radiation protection problems are minimal. However, in actual practice, some users of this equipment find it necessary to be situated near the patient during fluoroscopy. Data are presented to show the hazards associated with such use. Remedial efforts for achieving acceptable “in-room” operation are described. The different back-scatter geometry that obtains in overhead fluoroscopy can explain the increased exposure levels to personnel versus those found in conventional fluoroscopy.
Rapid screening assay for phospholipase C activity in mycoplasmas (1987)

A screening assay for phospholipase C using a chromogenic substrate incorporated into agar medium is described. The assay directly visualizes phospholipase C activity of mycoplasma lysates and membranes on agar plates, or the activity may be measured by spectrophotometry. The results from the assay confirm the presence in Ureaplasma urealyticum of phospholipase C, which is predominantly localized in the membrane fraction. The procedure has the potential to screen phospholipase C activity in other mycoplasmas and microorganisms in general.
Pulse velocity in a granular chain (2004)

We discuss the applicability of two very different analytic approaches to the study of pulse propagation in a chain of particles interacting via a Hertz potential, namely, a continuum model and a binary collision approximation. While both methods capture some qualitative features equally well, the first is quantitatively good for softer potentials and the latter is better for harder potentials.
<i>TUP1</i>, <i>CPH1</i> and <i>EFG1</i> Make Independent Contributions to Filamentation in <i>Candida albicans</i> (2000)

The common fungal pathogen, Candida albicans, can grow either as single cells or as filaments (hyphae), depending on environmental conditions. Several transcriptional regulators have been identified as having key roles in controlling filamentous growth, including the products of the TUP1, CPH1, and EFG1 genes. We show, through a set of single, double, and triple mutants, that these genes act in an additive fashion to control filamentous growth, suggesting that each gene represents a separate pathway of control. We also show that environmentally induced filamentous growth can occur even in the absence of all three of these genes, providing evidence for a fourth regulatory pathway. Expression of a collection of structural genes associated with filamentous growth, including HYR1, ECE1, HWP1, ALS1, and CHS2, was monitored in strains lacking each combination of TUP1, EFG1, and CPH1. Different patterns of expression were observed among these target genes, supporting the hypothesis that these three regulatory proteins engage in a network of individual connections to downstream genes and arguing against a model whereby the target genes are regulated through a central filamentous growth pathway. The results suggest the existence of several distinct types of filamentous forms of C. albicans, each dependent on a particular set of environmental conditions and each expressing a unique set of surface proteins.
Modelling complex liquid crystal mixtures: from polymer dispersed mesophase to nematic nanocolloids (2012)

Liquid crystals (LCs) are synthetic and biological viscoelastic anisotropic soft matter materials that have a combination of fluidity of liquids and anisotropy of solids and find use in optical devices, sensor/actuators, lubrication and super-fibres. Mesogens are frequently mixed with colloidal and nanoparticles (NPs), other mesogens, isotropic solvents, thermoplastic polymers, cross-linkable monomers, among others. This comprehensive review presents recent progress in meso- and macro-scale thermodynamic modelling, highlighting (i) the novelties in spinodal and binodal lines in various phase diagrams, (ii) the growth laws under phase transitions and phase separation, (iii) the ubiquitous role of metastability and its manifestation in complex droplet interfaces, (iv) the various spinodal decompositions due to composition and order fluctuations, (v) the formation of novel material architectures such as colloidal crystals, (vi) the particle-rich phase behaviour in LC nanocomposites, (vii) the use of topological defects to absorb and organise NPs and (viii) the ability of faceted NPs to link into strings and organise into lattices. Emphasis is given to highlight dominant mechanisms and driving forces, and to link them to specific terms in the free energies of these complex mixtures. The novelties of incorporating mesophases into blends, solutions, dispersions and mixtures are revealed by using theory, modelling, computation and visualisation.
Failure of Enzymic Cleavage of β-Carotene (1971)

A 10-year-old Lebanese Arab girl had vitamin A deficiency as evidenced by night blindness, bilateral Bitot's spots, and very low plasma vitamin A concentration (7μg/100 ml). Total plasma carotenoid values were high with about 50% as β-carotene. Repeated blood sampling after large doses of β-carotene failed to produce any retinyl ester in the plasma whereas there was significant rise of ester levels in three control subjects. Preformed vitamin A cured the clinical condition and caused retinyl ester to appear in the plasma. There was no malabsorption, hypothyroidism, or liver dysfunction. The evidence suggests failure of enzymic conversion of β-carotene to retinal in the intestine as the cause of vitamin A deficiency.
Microvascular pericytes: a review of their morphological and functional characteristics. (1991)

A hundred years after the first description, many aspects of pericytes remain to be examined. Mesenchymal in origin, pericytes form an incomplete envelopment around the endothelial cells and within the microvascular basement membrane of capillaries and postcapillary venules. Morphologically, they appear as long, slender, polymorphic cells, showing an elongated cell body, from which arise longitudinal and circumferential branches. Cell bodies and cytoplasmic processes of pericytes, as well as the endothelial cells, are enveloped by the same basal lamina, except for where they make direct contacts with each other. The pericyte/endothelial cell contacts are peg and socket, adhesion plaques and gap junctions, making up structural mechanisms for force transmission and a possible receptor system for cells, in which the pericyte and endothelial cells respond to secondary signals generated in the other cells. Electron microscopic studies have revealed an elaborate network of cytoplasmic filaments. Pericyte intermediate filament proteins show species and tissue differences, expressing vimentin or vimentin and desmin. The pericytes also express protein typical of contractile cells, i.e. smooth muscle-specific isoforms of actin and myosin, cyclic GMP-protein kinase and tropomyosin. A gradual transition is observed between pericytes and smooth muscle cells in both terminal arterioles and venules. Several general functions for the pericytes have been postulated: contractability; permeability regulator; integrity maintainer; endothelial cell growth modulator; and cell progenitor with considerable mesenchymal potential.
Dynamic and ultrastructural study of sphincter of Oddi in early-stage cholelithiasis in rabbits with hypercholesterolemia (2000)

AIM:To study the relationship between pre-formation of gallstone and the kinetics and ultra-structure of sphincter of Oddi.METHODS:Adult female rabbits were used and divided into 3 groups,and fed with either normal or high cholesterol diet for four or eight weeks.Each group contained eight rabbits. The manometry of sphincter of Oddi, biliary cineradiography, gallbladder volume measurement and ultrastructure observation under electron microscope were performed.RESULTS:In groups I and II,the basal pressure in low-pressure ampulla or high pressure zone of sphincter of Oddi was elevated,the amplitude of phasic contraction was decreased and the volume of gallbladder were increased, with a significant difference (P < 0.01) from those of control. Gallstones were found in group II rabbits (7/8). Under cineradiography, low-pressure ampulla showed a spasmodic status without apparent peristaltic contraction. Under electron microscope, inside the muscular cells of sphincter of Oddi, loosening of micro filament and swelling of plasmosomes which congregated at the top were observed. The amount showed no obvious change under nitric oxide synthase (NOS) stain.CONCLUSION:Twisting of the microfilament and disarrangement of kink macula densa inside the muscular cells suggested that the sphincter of Oddi was under spasmodic status. The impaired diastolic function caused and aggravated the stasis of cystic bile. The swelling plasmosome could be one of the important factors in elevating the tonic pressure of sphincter of Oddi.
A Reconciliation Among Discrete Compromise Solutions (1987)

The application of compromise solutions to discrete multi-objective problems brings about some technical flexibilities, such as the selection of distance function for computing both normalized attribute ratings and distances between two alternatives, and the choice between the ideal and negative-ideal alternatives for implementing the axiom of choice. These flexibilities are undesirable, since the method may yield conflicting preference-alternative rankings, depending on parameter choice. This paper introduces a credibility measurement of distance function and takes a broader concept of the axiom of choice in order to reconcile disagreement among compromise solutions.
‘TIP’ boxes (2012)

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SNAuth-SPMAODV: Secure Neighbor Authentication Strict Priority Multipath AODV against Denial of Service attack for MANET in Military Scenario (2012)

A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a peer-to-peer wireless network where nodes can communicate with each other without infrastructure. Due to this nature of MANET; it is possible that there could be some malicious and selfish nodes that try to compromise the routing protocol functionality and makes MANET vulnerable to Denial of Service attack in military communication environments. This paper consider military scenarios and evaluate the performance of Securityenhanced-Multipath AODV (Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing) routing protocol called SNAuth-SPMAODV (Secure Neighbor Authentication Strict Priority Multipath Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing). The protocol discovers multiple paths between sender and receiver nodes without introducing extra packets into the network and authenticates the neighbor offering robustness in a secured MANET.The SNAuth-SPMAODV protocol has been implemented and simulated on Qualnet 5.0. Based on the simulation result, it can be shown that SNAuth-SPMAODV does provide a more reliable data transfer compared to the normal AODV if there are malicious nodes in the MANET.
Low-Thrust Maneuvers for the Efficient Modification of Orbital Elements (2011)

In this study, low-thrust strategies aimed at the modification of specific orbital elements are investigated and presented. Closed loop guidance laws, steering the initial value of a given orbital element to a target value, are derived, implemented and tested. The thrust laws have been defined analyzing the Gauss form of the Lagrange Planetary Equations isolating the relevant contributions to change specific orbital elements. In particular, considering the classical two body dynamics with the inclusion of the thrust acceleration, both optimal and near-optimal thrusting strategies have been obtained. In the study these thrust laws are described and special focus is given both to the thrusting time and to the total velocity increment required to perform specific or combined orbital parameter changes. The results, obtained by direct numerical simulations of the presented control laws, are compared with analytical approximation and, as study cases, some low-thrust transfers are also simulated. A direct transfer between the standard geosynchronous transfer orbit and the geosynchronous orbit is implemented together with generic demonstrations of the single strategies.
Assessment of a method of isolation, purification, and cultivation of rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. (1994)

LEC isolated by this method provide a vital and responsive cell population enabling the study of structure and function of these cells in vitro. This method, in combination with a computer-assisted, on-line image analysis allows the acquisition of large numbers of measurements on these cells with high accuracy and with a minimum of bias.
New Fluorogenic Dansyl-Containing Calix[4]arene in the <i>Partial Cone</i> Conformation for Highly Sensitive and Selective Recognition of Lead(II) (2008)

A new efficient and highly selective fluorescent chemosensor for determination of Pb (2+) has been obtained by covalent attachment of two pendent proton-ionizable dansylcarboxamide groups to the calix[4]arene preorganized in the partial cone conformation. This geometry of the calixarene moiety was chosen on the basis of the prior (1)H NMR study of conformations adopted by the flexible dansyl-containing prototype upon complexation with lead ion. In acidic MeCN-H2O (1:1 v/v) solutions, the partial cone fluoroionophore allowed for detection of Pb (2+) at the levels as low as 2.5 ppb, which is totally compatible with the regulations of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the World Health Organization on the limiting content of this hazardous pollutant in drinking water.
The role of intermolecular disulfide bonding in deposition of GP140 in the extracellular matrix. (1984)

Human WI-38 fibroblasts in cultures synthesized at least three molecular forms of the major, extracellular matrix glycoprotein (GP), GP140: (a) cytoplasmic GP140 (1.2 ng of GP140/micrograms of cell protein) was detergent-soluble, underglycosylated, and possessed detectable levels of intermolecular disulfide bonding; (b) matrix GP140 (3.6 ng of GP140/micrograms of cell protein) was detergent-insoluble, more highly glycosylated and polymerized by intermolecular disulfide bonding, and co-distributed in the extracellular matrix with fibronectin; and (c) released GP140 (2 ng of GP140/micrograms of cell protein per 24 h) was recovered in the conditioned culture media and lacked intermolecular disulfide bonding. Cytoplasmic GP140 was the immediate biosynthetic precursor of the matrix form of GP140. In addition, various human adult and fetal tissues contained a form of GP140 that resembled the fibroblast matrix GP140 in the degree of intermolecular disulfide bonding, relative molecular mass, and immunological reactivity. Analysis of the sequence of events in assembly of GP140 and fibronectin in the extracellular matrix detected the following: (a) fibronectin was first to appear in the extracellular matrix; (b) GP140 accumulated in the cytoplasm, then deposited in the extracellular matrix and co-aligned with the established fibronectin; and (c) maturation of the extracellular matrix proceeded by continued intermolecular disulfide bonding. To evaluate possible roles for intermolecular disulfide bonding in cell interactions, a unique assay system was utilized based on the ability of labeled cells to incorporate radioactive matrix components into a biotinylated exogenous matrix. Precipitation of the biotinylated matrix from extracts of the cultures using avidin indicated: (a) disulfide bonding of radioactive GP140 and fibronectin into the exogenous biotinylated matrix required cell contact with the matrix. The newly deposited GP140 and fibronectin derived from the cells and not from GP140 and fibronectin present in the conditioned culture media. (b) Pro-alpha 1 and Pro-alpha 2 procollagens, present in the culture media, bound to the exogenous matrix in a noncovalent manner and were independent of cell contact. (c) SV40 transformed cells (WI-38 VA13) synthesized released form GP140 but did not deposit GP140 into the biotinylated matrix.
Quantum key distribution using a series of quantum correlated photon pairs (2005)

The differential-phase-shift quantum key distribution (DPS-QKD) is a recently proposed QKD scheme in which a pulse train is transmitted through a quantum channel. This paper extends the ideal of the DPS-QKD to entanglement-based systems. Two schemes are presented. In one, an entanglement source sends pulse trains of signal and idler to two parties (Alice and Bob), respectively, who phase-modulate the incoming pulses and receive them after one-bit delay interferometers. In the other, two entanglement sources are prepared, one between Alice and a repeating node (Charlie) and one between Charlie and Bob, which send signal and idler pulse trains to Alice and Bob and Charlie, respectively. These schemes offer a longer distance between Alice and Bob than the conventional DPS-QKD.
A Novel Optimized Path-Based Algorithm for Model Clone Detection (2014)

According to previous reports software clones are considered harmful for software maintenance. Likewise, model clones are problematic in model-based development. It is significant to detect model clones in software models. In this paper, we present a novel optimized path-based model clone detection algorithm (OPMCD). It first builds paths from block graphs, and then identifies clone instances from the common subsequence of paths. Moreover, an experiment is designed to evaluate the algorithm through comparing with the state-of-the-art of model clone detection algorithm ConQAT model clone detection (CMCD). The experiment result illustrates that OPMCD has better performance in terms of efficiency, and it is practically suitable for large-scale MATLAB/Simulink models.
Wavelet-based color filter array demosaicking (2005)

In this paper, a wavelet-based technique for the demosaicking of color filter arrays (CFA) is proposed. Conventional demosaicking techniques perform interpolation of the missing pixels in the YC/sub r/C/sub b/ color space, where emphasis is put on an optimal interpolation of the luminance. We make advantage of this by merging the obtained luminance image with interpolated R1G and B images. The merging is performed in a multiresolution way, using the wavelet transform. This postprocessing technique is demonstrated to outperform traditional demosaicking interpolation techniques, visually as well as quantitatively, using two measures, the PSNR and /spl Delta/E/sub ab/, which is a measure for the average color distance between original and demosaicked images in the CIELAB color space.
Asymmetric Aza‐Morita—Baylis—Hillman Reaction of N‐Sulfonated Imines with Activated Olefins Catalyzed by Chiral Phosphine Lewis Bases Bearing Multiple Phenol Groups. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Real-time self-localization in unknown indoor environment using a panorama laser range finder (2002)

This paper deals with self-localization of a mobile robot on the condition that no a-priori knowledge about the environment is available. The applied method features accurate, robust, independent of any artificial landmarks and feasible with such a moderate computational effort that all necessary tasks can be executed in real-time on a standard PC. The perception system used is a panorama laser range finder which takes scans of its present environment. A modified dynamic programming algorithm provides pattern matching and pattern recognition on the preprocessed panorama scans and thereby renders a qualitative fusion of the sensory data. For an exactly quantitative estimate of the robot's current position, a robust localization module is employed. The knowledge gained on the environment is stored in a self-growing, graph based map which combines geometrical information and topological restrictions. Preliminary experiments in an ordinary office environment proved the reliability and efficiency of the system.
La relance de la politique audiovisuelle européenne : Les ressources politiques et administratives de la DG X (2001)

Dans cet article, j'entends analyser les différentes catégories de ressources politiques et administratives que les services de la Commission européenne en charge du dossier audiovisuel vont mettre en œuvre pour élargir leur marge d'action dans un univers de contraintes. Face aux adversaires de sa politique, la Direction générale "culture et audiovisuel" (DG X) va s'efforcer de relancer ses projets à la suite des négociations victorieuses du GATT (1993), en légitimant le contenu comme étant le reflet de demandes sociales et dans la perspective de la présidence du Conseil des ministres (au premier semestre 1995) par le pays le plus engagé à soutenir cette politique, la France.
Classification and coordinate systems of space groups (2006)

This chapter and Chapter 2.2
 form the main guide to understanding and using the plane-group and space-group tables in Parts 6
 and 7
. Chapter 2.1 displays, with the help of an extensive synoptic table, the classification of the 17 plane groups and 230 space groups into geometric crystal classes, Bravais lattices, crystal systems and crystal families. This is followed by a characterization of the conventional crystallographic coordinate systems.
The shadow algorithm: a scheduling technique for both compiled and interpreted simulation (1993)

The shadow algorithm, which is an event-driven unit-delay simulation technique that has been designed to take advantage of the instruction caches present in many of the latest workstations, is discussed. The algorithm is based on the threaded-code technique, but uses a dynamically created linked list of environments called shadows. Compiled shadow algorithm simulations run in about 1/5th the time required for a conventional interpreted event-driven simulation. The interpreted shadow algorithm runs in about 1/4th the time of a conventional interpretive simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>