gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vacuum-Assisted Generation and Control of Atomic Coherences at X-Ray Energies (2013)

The control of light-matter interaction at the quantum level usually requires coherent laser fields. But already an exchange of virtual photons with the electromagnetic vacuum field alone can lead to quantum coherences, which subsequently suppress spontaneous emission. We demonstrate such spontaneously generated coherences (SGC) in a large ensemble of nuclei operating in the x-ray regime, resonantly coupled to a common cavity environment. The observed SGC originates from two fundamentally different mechanisms related to cooperative emission and magnetically controlled anisotropy of the cavity vacuum. This approach opens new perspectives for quantum control, quantum state engineering and simulation of quantum many-body physics in an essentially decoherence-free setting.
A Schottky Diode Liquid Crystal Light Valve (1988)

We have recently developed and demonstrated a Schottky-diode-based LCLV. The concept is to use a Schottky metal-semiconductor interface which allows depletion through the silicon to be attained and thus maintain the impedance match between the photoconductor and the liquid crystal. This match is critical in achieving the operation of a photoactivated SLM. (1) Since a high Schottky barrier-forming metal such as aluminum or platinum can be deposited on the n-type silicon substrate at low temperature, the silicon substrate can first be mounted on a flat glass substrate, polished, and then processed. This allows a high degree of output uniformity to be attained. Secondly, by eliminating the SiO 2 insulator present in our MOS LCLV version, (2) one can reduce the sheet conductivity at the Si/LC interface and achieve higher resolution and dynamic range.
The Epithelial Membrane Protein 1 is a Novel Tight Junction Protein of the Blood—Brain Barrier (2008)

In the central nervous system, a constant microenvironment required for neuronal cell activity is maintained by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is formed by the brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC), which are sealed by tight junctions (TJ). To identify genes that are differentially expressed in BMEC compared with peripheral endothelial cells, we constructed a subtractive cDNA library from porcine BMEC (pBMEC) and aortic endothelial cells (AOEC). Screening the library for differentially expressed genes yielded 26 BMEC-specific transcripts, such as solute carrier family 35 member F2 (SLC35F2), ADP-ribosylation factor-like 5B (ARL5B), TSC22 domain family member 1 (TSC22D1), integral membrane protein 2A (ITM2A), and epithelial membrane protein 1 (EMP1). In this study, we show that EMP1 transcript is enriched in pBMEC compared with brain tissue and that EMP1 protein colocalizes with the TJ protein occludin in mouse BMEC by coimmunoprecipitation and in rat brain vessels by immunohistochemistry. Epithelial membrane protein 1 expression was transiently induced in laser-capture microdissected rat brain vessels after a 20-min global cerebral ischemia, in parallel with the loss of occludin immunoreactivity. The study identifies EMP1 as a novel TJ-associated protein of the BBB and suggests its potential role in the regulation of the BBB function in cerebral ischemia.
Sacrificial polymers for nanofluidic channels in biological applications (2003)

Chip based bio/chemical analysis relies on networks of fluidic channels that are connected to reaction chambers and sensors. For sensitive detection it is important to scale down the size of the channels so that they approach the relevant length scales of the molecules of interest. Here we have made sealed channels on the 100 nm scale using nanoimprinting to pattern the sacrificial polymer polynorbornene over areas of several square centimetres. We have combined channels of different cross sections and we have shown that the nanochannels can be made hydrophilic with DNA transported electrophoretically in these self-sealed channels.
The renovation ritual in a south Indian temple: the 1995 <i>kumbha¯bhiseka</i> in the Mi¯na¯ksi¯ Temple, Madurai (2004)

This article is a description and analysis of the twelve-day renovation ritual or kumbha¯bhiseka (‘water-pot bathing ritual’) celebrated in the Mi¯na¯ksi¯ Temple in the south Indian city of Madurai in 1995. After briefly discussing the historical background, the article describes the priests' division of labour at the kumbha¯bhiseka , the preliminary rituals—including the transfer of the deities' power from their images into water-pots—and the most crucial rituals: the series of ya¯gapu¯ja¯ (‘sacrifice-worship’) rituals, which mainly consisted of fire-sacrifices to enhance the power in the water-pots, and the culmination of the entire event, when the pots were emptied over the Temple's towers and images, so that the power flowed back in. The article concludes that despite its extreme elaborateness, the kumbha¯bhiseka 's symbolic logic and purpose, especially as displayed in the spectacular destruction of the fire-sacrifices and then the final water-pouring, are unusually transparent compared to many other temple rituals.
Cooperative gaze holding in binocular vision (1991)

Vision systems that hold their gaze on a visual target using binocular, maneuverable computer vision hardware are discussed. The benefits of gaze holding are identified, and the role of binocular cues and vergence in implementing a gaze-holding system is addressed. A combination of Smith prediction and optimal signal estimation that allows a system of several simulated interacting gaze-holding controls to act together coherently, despite delays and shared output variables, to produce zero-latency tracking of a moving target is described. It is shown how tracking the object increases its signal by improving its image quality and decreases the signal of competing objects by decreasing their image quality. The implementation of a subset of the gaze-holding capabilities (gross vergence and smooth tracking) on real-time computer vision hardware is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Frost‐Hardiness in Relation to Leaf Anatomy and Natural Distribution of Several <i>Solanum</i> Species<sup>1</sup> (1979)

The objective of this study was to determine anatomical and morphological differences related to the frost‐hardiness of tuber bearing Solanum species. Observations were made on about 2‐month‐old plants of 24 species including seven cultivars of potato ( Solarium tuberosum L.). These species vary in frost‐hardiness from −2.5 to −5.5 C. No consistent relationship was found between various gross morphological characteristics of the plants and frosthardiness. However, hardy species (frost killing temperature −4.0 C or colder) usually had short and highly branched stems with smaller and thicker leaves. Among the various anatomical parameters studied, the number and thickness of palisade parenchyma layers and the stomatal index on the upper leaf surface were closely related to frost.hardiness. All hardy species had two palisade layers and all except three non‐hardy accessions (frost killing temperature ‐3.5 C or warmer) had one palisade layer. On the average, hardy species had a three times greater stomatal index (26.7%) than non‐hardy species. (8.8%), on the upper, surface of. the leaf, which. is probably due to two palisade layers m hardy species. The palisade parenchyma occupied a larger portion of the leaf cross section in hardy species (62.8%) compared to non‐hardy species (51.2%). No significant differences in cell size and intercellular space were detected between these two types of species. Ploidy was not related to leaf anatomy or frost‐ hardiness. Among the hybrid plants examined, hardy hybrids had two palisade parenchyma layers. The natural distribution patterns of many wild growing hardy and non‐hardy Solanum species were analyzed. A difference in the geographical distribution of hardy and non‐hardy wild species was found. The hardy species (except S. commersonii Dunal ex Poir.) are found in the high Andes of southern Peru, in central and southern Bolivia, northern Chile, and northwestern Argenina. Non‐hardy wild species are primarily distributed in Mexico, Guatemala, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and northern and central coastal Peru. A close relationship was found between the altitude of origin of a species or collection and its frost‐hardiness. It appears that anatomical features of hardy species are the results of their adaptation to environmental stress (primarily low temperature and in some cases together with water stress) under natural selection.
Extinction Enhancement from a Self-Assembled Quantum Dots Monolayer Using a Simple Thin Films Process (2015)

Hybrid nanostructures are attractive for future use in a variety of optoelectronic devices. Self-assembled hybrid organic/quantum dots can couple quantum properties to semiconductor devices and modify their functionality. These devices are simple to fabricate and control; however, they usually demonstrate low quantum efficiency. In this work we present experimental results of large extinction enhancement from a monolayer of colloidal quantum dots using a thin gold film evaporation forming random gold nanoparticles that act as plasmonic antennas. The random structures guarantee no sensitivity to polarization changes. The fabrication process of the plasmonic gold nanoparticles is simple and cheap and can be easily integrated with existing semiconductor devices. By matching the plasmonic resonance and the colloidal quantum dots bandgap we achieve up to 16% light extinction, which is 13-fold enhancement, compared to the reference. These results may pave the way toward realizing more efficient and sensitive photon detectors.
Novel Function of Transcription Factor ATF5: Blockade of p53-dependent Apoptosis Induced by Ionizing Irradiation (2009)

It seems likely that ATF5 is a potent repressor of p53 and elevated expression of ATF5 in a tumor may relate to enhanced malignant phenotypes, such as radioresistance or greater cell motility.
A compact optical fiber scanner for medical imaging (2006)

A compact fiber optic scanner for biomedical applications such as optical coherent tomography has been designed, fabricated and tested. The scanner is designed as an in vivo device and composed of an optical fiber coated with nickel-powder loaded paint for external magnetic actuation. The compactness of the imaging device makes it suitable for applications where size, precision and low power consumption is critical. We have previously demonstrated the principles utilizing magnetic actuation for the fiber scanner coated with magnetic gel. This work focused on verification and optimization of the scanner operation. The magnetic properties of the nickel particle mixed with paint were characterized using an alternating gradient magnetometer. The optical scanner is externally actuated by an electromagnet and so it does not require a voltage or current supply in the probe itself. The displacements of the scanner were recorded using a position sensitive detector. The result showed a 0.8-mm displacement under the influence of a static magnetic field of 17.6 KA/m in a fiber with a moveable length of 4.2cm. Dynamic analysis showed a displacement of 0.83mm with an input current amplitude of 41mA and a magnetic field of 2.4 KA/m. The measurements are in good agreement with the theoretical lumped-element calculations. Finite-element analysis was performed and the results agree with the theoretical and experimental results. The static and dynamic displacements of the fiber optic scanner depend on the thickness and length of the magnetic coating. Thus, scanners for different displacements and operating frequencies can be designed by varying the coating thickness and length.
Lab on a chip imaging and quantitative phase contrast in turbid microfluidic channel (2012)

We show that sharp imaging is possible in microfluidics in flowing turbid media by digital holography. Imaging results are demonstrated for phase objects, i.e. biological cells in microfluidic channels, in flowing liquids with suspended colloidal particles.
Properties of metastasizing and non-metastasizing human melanoma cell lines (1993)

van Muijen, G.; Danen, E.; de Vries, T.; Quax, P.; Verheijen, J.; Ruiter, D. Author Information
Cavity Polaritons in InGaN Microcavities at Room Temperature (2004)

Cavity polaritons are observed in InGaN quantum well (QW) microcavities at room temperature. High-quality microcavities are fabricated by the wafer-bonding of InGaN QW layers and dielectric distributed Bragg reflectors. The anticrossing behavior of strong exciton-photon coupling is confirmed by vacuum-field Rabi splitting obtained from reflection measurements. This strong coupling is also enhanced by increasing the integrated oscillator strength coupled to the cavity mode. The oscillator strength of InGaN QW excitons is 1 order of magnitude larger than that of GaAs QW excitons.
A Convenient Method for the Preparation of Primary and Symmetrical N,N′-Disubstituted Thioureas (2000)

A convenient process for the preparation of both primary thioureas 2 and symmetrical N,N′-disubstituted thioureas 6 based on the condensation of amine hydrohalides 5 with potassium thiocyanate has been developed. This approach tolerates sterically bulky primary amine substrates (both chiral and achiral), and the products can usually be isolated by a simple filtration of the reaction mixture. This method is an especially attractive alternative for the synthesis of thioureas when the corresponding isothiocyanates are unavailable, or difficult to prepare. It is also worth noting that a wide variety of amine hydrohalides, which are used in this procedure, are commercially available.
GAIL: the Gen-it(R) Abstract Integration Layer for B2B application integration solutions (2002)

Different solutions exist in the market for B2B application frameworks, including Microsoft(R) Biztalk/sup TM/ and Sun/sup TM/ Open Net Environment (Sun ONE). These supply a set of standard technologies and protocols for B2B application integration. However, all of these solutions require manual coding to integrate the different layers of B2B applications. Given the multi-tier nature of B2B applications, where each tier has to be developed separately, it becomes a very complex task to develop these applications without an integrated visual and code generator environment to customize the generation process for a given B2B architecture. GAIL (the Gen-it(R) Abstract Integration Layer) provides B2B application framework vendors a customized model-driven architecture/sup TM/ approach for deploying B2B applications. Indeed, GAIL plugs into most of the leading UML modeling tools and provides a parameterized architecture/sup TM/ blueprint to generate most of the code needed in deploying B2B applications. The benefits of integrating GAIL with B2B application solutions are: time-to-market solution delivery, customization and integration performed visually and generated systematically, enforced corporate standards in each project, drastic reduction of ongoing maintenance, and explicit knowledge management.
High tibial osteotomy compared with high tibial and Maquet procedures in medial and patellofemoral compartment osteoarthritis. (1989)

The effect of adding the Maquet tibial tubercle elevating procedure to a valgus high tibial osteotomy (HTO) in combined medial and patellofemoral disease had not been established. This prospective study evaluates clinically and roentgenographically the use of this osteotomy combination versus HTO alone in dual-compartment arthritis. Forty-four patients (46 knees) with dual-compartment disease from 1979 to 1984 were evaluated. Twenty-two patients were treated with 23 HTOs by a senior surgeon, and 22 were treated with 23 combined procedures by another surgeon. The two groups were matched according to age, sex, and preoperative clinical and roentgenographic disability. The minimum follow-up period was two years. All had more than 5 degrees valgus alignment at the follow-up evaluation, with an average of 11.2 degrees in the HTO group and 10.2 degrees in the combined osteotomy group. A modified Hospital for Special Surgery assessment (maximum, 100 points) was used with an optimum pain score of 30 points. All were followed roentgenographically with grading of the three knee compartments. In both groups, the total and pain scores improved significantly postoperatively. There was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of mean postoperative femorotibial shaft alignment or clinical and roentgenologic outcome. Although HTO was a good procedure for pain relief for dual-compartment disease, the addition of Maquet procedure did not improve the results.
ChemInform Abstract: Mixed Organofluorine—Organosilicon Chemistry. Part 9. Aldol Reactions of Acylsilanes and Difluoroenoxysilanes. Application to the Synthesis of 2‐Fluoro‐1,3‐diketones. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Lithography for 0.25 mu m and below using simple high-performance optics (2003)

A mostly reflective approach to 0.25- mu m lithography that has great simplicity (only two or three critical optical elements) and outstanding performance is described. A 1/6 scale prototype system has demonstrated 0.25- mu m resolution in a commercially available resist using a conventional mask, and 0.125- mu m resolution using a phase-shifting mask. The approach is particularly amenable to depth of focus enhancement by aperture apodization, and a fundamental trade-off inherent in this technique is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Intelligent Engineering of Hydrothermal Reactions. (1998)

Hydrothermal research at the Rutgers University is focused on the preparation of multicomponent perovskite oxide compounds. Engineering principles are being developed by examining process thermodynamics and kinetics.
Beneficial Metabolic Effects of Rapamycin Are Associated with Enhanced Regulatory Cells in Diet-Induced Obese Mice (2014)

The "mechanistic target of rapamycin" (mTOR) is a central controller of growth, proliferation and/or motility of various cell-types ranging from adipocytes to immune cells, thereby linking metabolism and immunity. mTOR signaling is overactivated in obesity, promoting inflammation and insulin resistance. Therefore, great interest exists in the development of mTOR inhibitors as therapeutic drugs for obesity or diabetes. However, despite a plethora of studies characterizing the metabolic consequences of mTOR inhibition in rodent models, its impact on immune changes associated with the obese condition has never been questioned so far. To address this, we used a mouse model of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice with and without pharmacologic mTOR inhibition by rapamycin. Rapamycin was weekly administrated to HFD-fed C57BL/6 mice for 22 weeks. Metabolic effects were determined by glucose and insulin tolerance tests and by indirect calorimetry measures of energy expenditure. Inflammatory response and immune cell populations were characterized in blood, adipose tissue and liver. In parallel, the activities of both mTOR complexes (e. g. mTORC1 and mTORC2) were determined in adipose tissue, muscle and liver. We show that rapamycin-treated mice are leaner, have enhanced energy expenditure and are protected against insulin resistance. These beneficial metabolic effects of rapamycin were associated to significant changes of the inflammatory profiles of both adipose tissue and liver. Importantly, immune cells with regulatory functions such as regulatory T-cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were increased in adipose tissue. These rapamycin-triggered metabolic and immune effects resulted from mTORC1 inhibition whilst mTORC2 activity was intact. Taken together, our results reinforce the notion that controlling immune regulatory cells in metabolic tissues is crucial to maintain a proper metabolic status and, more generally, comfort the need to search for novel pharmacological inhibitors of the mTOR signaling pathway to prevent and/or treat metabolic diseases.
Long‐term follow‐up and second malignancies in 487 patients with hairy cell leukaemia (2014)

A large, multicentre, retrospective survey of patients with hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) was conducted in France to determine the frequency of second malignancies and to analyse the long-term effects of the established purine nucleoside analogues (PNAs), cladribine and pentostatin. The survey retrospectively reviewed the medical history of patients and their immediate family, clinical and biological presentation at the time of HCL diagnosis, treatment choice, response to treatment, time to relapse and cause of death. Data were collected for 487 patients with HCL. Of the patients included in the survey, 18% (88/487) had a familial history of cancers, 8% (41/487) presented with malignancies before HCL diagnosis and 10% (48/487) developed second malignancies after HCL was diagnosed. An excess incidence of second malignancies was observed, with a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of 1·86 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1·34-2·51), with no significant difference between PNAs. For second haematological malignancies alone, the SIR was markedly increased at 5·32 (95% CI: 2·90-8·92). This study highlights the high frequency of cancers in HCL patients and their family members. The frequency of second malignancies is notably increased, particularly for haematological malignancies. The respective role of pentostatin and cladribine in the development of second malignancies is debatable.
Fixing DNS Misbehavior Hindering IPv6 Deployment (2006)

During the course to deploy IPv6, we found several critical implementation and operational issues which distract user and possibly prevent wider deployment of IPv6. Among the problems we noticed, domain name system (DNS) related issues are significant. Some of the problems cause longer delay during the process to make a connection to a given node. In worst case, the delay is 60 seconds or more. This amount of delay may mislead users for some idea that IPv6 is not good technology, which is not accurate. In this paper, we reveal six cases related to DNS server and resolver implementation we found during our study in detail. To overcome these problem, fix to the servers are essential. To know how these cases affect overall behavior of the DNS, we created a tool to find misbehaving servers. We applied this tool to servers in ".JP" domain and found that there are 0.11% of servers in ".JP" domain have some problem. The other way to solve or ease the problem is to find workaround in client side. We propose two workarounds, with a sample implementation.
A Natural Large Chromosomal Inversion in <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> Is Mediated by Homologous Recombination between Two Insertion Sequences (1998)

Comparative analysis of chromosomal macrorestriction polymorphism of the two closely related Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris strains MG1363 and NCDO763 revealed the presence of a large inversion covering half of the genome. To determine what kind of genetic element could be implicated in this rearrangement, the two inversion junctions of MG1363 and NCDO763 chromosomes were cloned and characterized. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed the presence of one copy of the lactococcal IS905 element in each junction. Each copy of this element contained the same nucleotide mutation that inactivates the putative transposase. Comparison of the sequences surrounding the insertion sequence demonstrated that the large inversion arose from a single-step homologous recombination event between the two defective copies of the IS905 element. The large inversion presumably conferred no selective disadvantage on strain NCDO763 because this rearrangement did not alter the oriC-terC symmetry of the chromosome and the local genetic environment.