gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of antiwear tribofilm growth revealed in situ by single-asperity sliding contacts (2015)

Zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (ZDDPs) form antiwear tribofilms at sliding interfaces and are widely used as additives in automotive lubricants. The mechanisms governing the tribofilm growth are not well understood, which limits the development of replacements that offer better performance and are less likely to degrade automobile catalytic converters over time. Using atomic force microscopy in ZDDP-containing lubricant base stock at elevated temperatures, we monitored the growth and properties of the tribofilms in situ in well-defined single-asperity sliding nanocontacts. Surface-based nucleation, growth, and thickness saturation of patchy tribofilms were observed. The growth rate increased exponentially with either applied compressive stress or temperature, consistent with a thermally activated, stress-assisted reaction rate model. Although some models rely on the presence of iron to catalyze tribofilm growth, the films grew regardless of the presence of iron on either the tip or substrate, highlighting the critical role of stress and thermal activation.
From unfractionated heparins to low molecular weight heparins. (1990)

Interest in low molecular weight heparins as potential antithrombotic agents has been stimulated by two observations. These were that low molecular weight heparins have a different anticoagulant profile from unfractionated heparin and that some low molecular weight heparins are less haemorrhagic in animal models than unfractionated heparins for equivalent antithrombotic effects. Subsequently, it was shown that low molecular weight heparins inhibit platelet function and impair vascular permeability less than unfractionated heparin and that low molecular weight heparins have a longer biological half-life than unfractionated heparin. A number of low molecular weight heparins have been evaluated in clinical trials in general surgery, orthopaedic surgery and in the treatment of venous thrombosis. Low molecular weight heparins are highly effective in orthopaedic surgery where they appear to be more effective than unfractionated heparin. Low molecular weight heparins have also been shown to be either as effective or more effective than unfractionated heparin in preventing post-operative thrombosis following general surgery. In preliminary studies, low molecular weight heparins appear to be as effective as unfractionated heparin in the treatment of venous thrombosis but larger studies are required using clinically relevant outcome measures.
Holographic storage dynamics in lithium niobate: theory and experiment (1996)

We present a theoretical model that describes holographic ionic fixing and storage dynamics in photorefractive crystals. Holographic gratings that are based on charge redistribution inevitably decay because of ionic and electronic conduction. Relevant decay rates and transient hologram field expressions are derived. Ionic gratings are partially screened by trapped electrons on readout. The lifetimes of fixed ionic holograms are limited by the finite ionic conductivity at low (i.e., room) temperatures. Only under certain and restricted conditions can these decay times be acceptably long. A significant increase in fixed ionic hologram lifetime is realized in lithium niobate with a low hydrogen-impurity content. The residual ionic conductivity (decay-time constant) in these samples exhibits ∼1.4-eV activation energy and is not due to protonic conduction. Fixed hologram lifetimes of ∼2 years at room temperature in dehydrated lithium niobate crystals are projected.
AFM Characterization of Model Rafts in Supported Bilayers (2001)

Microdomains formed by a phase separation of lipids play an important role in the function of biological membranes. GM1 is a glycosphingolipid associated with rafts, a category of membrane domains. Whereas GM1 has been shown to form microdomains in Langmuir-Blodgett films its behaviour in lipid bilayers is still under debate. In the present study we show by atomic force microscopy that GM1 can form microdomains in supported bilayers. These microdomains are exclusively found in the gel domains of a gel-fluid phase separated mixture of phospholipids. The localization of GM1 in gel domains was confirmed by the use of cholera toxin which binds to the oligosaccharide moiety of the glycosphingolipid. Finally, the data also show that imaging of proteins loosely packed at the membrane surface can be obtained with a lateral resolution close to 1 nm.
Left ventricular diastolic function in normotensive adolescents with different genetic risk of hypertension (1990)

Abnormalities of the diastolic function of the left ventricle are the first sign of cardiac involvement in arterial hypertension. We have studied the diastolic function in a group of normotensive adolescents with confirmed family history of hypertension. M-mode echocardiography was performed in 86 normotensive males aged 14-19 years: 41 sons of at least one hypertensive parent (SHT) and 45 sons of normotensive parents (SNT). Cross-sectional area of the left ventricle and left ventricular (LV) mass index were significantly greater in the SHT than in the SNT group (10.05 +/- 1.84 vs. 8.9 +/- 1.56 cm/m2, p less than 0.01 and 129.3 +/- 296.3 vs. 109.23 +/- 25.7 g/m2, p less than 0.002, respectively). No significant difference between the two groups was observed in the indices of left ventricular diastolic function, except for mitral valve opening rate (463.51 +/- 90.45 in SHT vs. 416.71 +/- 78.84 mm/s in SNT; p less than 0.02). From the analysis of the subgroup of adolescents having left ventricular mass greater than the upper normal value, we observed that they showed mean time of rapid filling significantly longer than SNT: this could represent an early marker of the pathological character of such hypertrophy. Our results suggest that the higher LV mass observed in the SHT is not associated with chamber and myocardial stiffness abnormalities.
ChemInform Abstract: ANTIVERTIGO AGENTS. III. SYNTHESIS OF 5,6,7,8‐TETRAHYDRO‐1,6‐NAPHTHYRIDINE METHYL HOMOLOGS (1985)

Abstract Ausgehend vom N‐Benzylnaphthyridiniumbromid (II) werden die isomeren Methyltetrahydronaphthyridine (I) und (III) in mehrstufigen Synthesen hergestellt, das 7‐Methylisomer (V) wird aus dem Nicotinsäure‐N‐benzylamid (IV) in 5 Schritten gewonnen.
040 Pedigree of Publicly Released Onion Germplasm in the United States, 1931-1997 (1999)

Since the 1930s, more than 130 inbred lines and 60 hybrid cultivars of onion have been released in the public sector in the United States. Other than breeder's reports from the period 1946-1965 and anecdotal information kept by onion workers, no systematic treatment of the pedigree of public onion germplasm releases has been developed. The objective of this research was to collect, characterize, and display the genetic relationships among more than 200 public onion germplasm sources used in the United States since 1931. Pedigree information revealed that most modern onion cultivars in the United States descend from a few open-pollinated populations brought to this country by immigrants. For example, selection in the open-pollinated populations Common Yellow and Silverskin by onion farmers in the eastern U.S. resulted in the formation of Yellow Globe Danvers, which was a precursor to virtually all Eastern storage onion germplasm in the U.S. Open-pollinated populations such Yellow Globe Danvers, Valencia, Sweet Spanish, Bermuda, and Grano formed the foundation germplasm for the first public U.S. onion breeding programs. Findings from this study suggest a relatively narrow germplasm base of public onion germplasm in the United States; however, this narrow pool coexists alongside significant gains through scientific breeding efforts, particularly during the past 75 years.
Selection and Validation of Charge and Lennard-Jones Parameters for QM/MM Simulations of Hydrocarbon Interactions with Zeolites (2011)

Quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) models are an appealing method for performing zeolite simulations. In QM/MM, a small cluster chosen to encompass the active center is described by QM, while the rest of the zeolite is described by MM. In the present study, we demonstrate that the charges and Lennard-Jones parameters on Si and O must be chosen properly for QM/MM calculations of adsorption energies and activation energies to agree closely with full QM calculations. The selection of parameters for Si and O is based on using the ωB97X-D functional for DFT calculations of the QM region, which is effective in capturing the effects of van der Waals interactions. A comparison of the heats of adsorption for a variety of adsorbates and activation energies for the cracking of propane and butane reveals that energies derived from QM/MM calculation carried out with appropriately selected MM parameters agree to within an rms error of ∼1.5 kcal/mol with QM calculations. To avoid reparametrization for new substrates, Lennard-Jones zeolite parameters are chosen to be compatible with existing CHARMM parameters. Transferability of these parameters is demonstrated by tests utilizing the B3LYP density functional and simulations of MFI and FAU zeolites. Moreover, the computational time for QM/MM calculations is considerably lower than that for QM calculations, and the ratio of computational times decreases rapidly with increasing size of the cluster used to represent the zeolite.
A computer vision system for on-screen item selection by finger pointing (2005)

Pointing at planar surfaces such as TV and computer monitors or projection screens can be a useful mode of interaction between humans and machines. To a large extent what seems to hinder the use of vision in such practical applications is the difficulty of the computational task, which is typically defined as 3-D reconstruction from uncalibrated 2-D images of a non-static scene. We describe below two designs where, using one or two cameras, the target of pointing on a flat monitor or screen is identified without 3-D inference, using only image morphing and line intersection. This is accomplished by registering the images with the target plane. When used to identify a pointing target on a surface hidden from the camera (e.g., a computer monitor which supports the camera itself as in most PC configurations), we add aperture(s) coplanar with the target surface in front of the camera(s). We describe experimental results showing a fully automated procedure for pointing target detection with high accuracy. The simplicity of our method and its robustness, as well as the relative accuracy of our results, can make pointing a practical means of human-machine interaction.
Fulminant Meningoencephalitis as the First Clinical Sign of an Invasive Pituitary Macroadenoma (2010)

We report the case of a young woman who presented with an acute fulminant meningoencephalitis as the first sign of an invasive pituitary macroadenoma. This rare and dramatic complication is described in detail, and the different management steps, from the lumbar puncture to the bifrontal craniectomy, are discussed. In conclusion, this clinical presentation highlights the importance of early diagnosis and urgent management of this uncommon complication.
Does alcohol play the role of confounder or neuroprotective agent in acute carbon monoxide poisoning? (2019)

<b>Objectives:</b> This study investigated whether alcohol influences the predictive value of initial blood lactate concentration and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score at presentation for the severity of acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning and neurologic outcome in patients with acute CO poisoning. Additionally, whether alcohol has a neuroprotective effect after acute CO poisoning was evaluated.<b>Methods:</b> This retrospective study included 158 patients who presented with acute CO poisoning between January 2017 and July 2018 and had an available blood alcohol content (BAC) at presentation. The baseline characteristics, clinical course during hospitalization and neurologic status at 30 days after acute CO poisoning were collected and compared according to BAC. To account for possible confounding or neuroprotective effects of alcohol, BAC was introduced as a continuous variable and a stratified categorical variable in the analysis.<b>Results:</b> The mean and maximum BAC at presentation were 56.8 mg/dl and 408 mg/dl, respectively, in 158 patients presented at a mean of 1.0 hour after acute CO poisoning. Lactate, adjusted for previously suggested predictors, was not associated with acute CO poisoning severity; however, after additional adjustment with BAC variables, lactate was associated with CO poisoning severity. Initial GCS score was associated with CO poisoning severity during hospitalization and neurologic outcome at 30 days after acute CO poisoning, regardless of BAC adjustment. BAC variables were negatively associated with CO poisoning severity but not neurologic outcome at 30 days.<b>Discussion and conclusion:</b> The severity of CO poisoning should never be predicted based on serum lactate alone without adjusting for BAC. However, the initial GCS score can be used as a predictor of CO poisoning severity and the neurologic outcome at 30 days after acute CO poisoning, regardless of alcohol consumption history. Alcohol does not have a neuroprotective effect on acute CO poisoning. Further study is needed to validate these results.
DMT1 Mutation in a Patient with Hypochromic Microcytic Anemia: Functional Consequences and Response to Erythropoietin. (2005)

Abstract We have previously described a case of severe hypochromic microcytic anemia caused by a homozygous mutation in the divalent metal transporter 1 ( DMT1 1285G&gt;C ). This mutation encodes for an amino acid substitution (E399D) and causes preferential skipping of exon 12 during processing of the DMT1 mRNA. To examine the functional consequences of this mutation, full length DMT1 transcript with the patient’s point mutation or a DMT1 transcript with exon 12 deleted was expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Our results demonstrate that the E399D substitution has no effect on protein expression and function. In contrast, deletion of exon 12 led to a decreased expression of the protein and disruption of its subcellular localization and iron uptake activity. We hypothesize that the residual protein in hematopoietic cells represents the functional E399D DMT1 variant, but because of its quantitative reduction, the iron uptake activity of DMT1 in the patient’s erythroid cells is severely suppressed. Because of the positive effect of erythropoietin (EPO) on the growth of patient’s BFU-Es in our in vitro studies, we have treated the patient with recombinant human EPO. The dose of 1.2 μg/kg given once a week did not lead to any improvement in hemoglobin level. However, doubling the dose of EPO (2.4 μg/kg) led to an increase in hemoglobin level from 75 to 91 g/L and to an improvement in the patient’s clinical condition.
Principaux modèles utilisés en régression logistique (2011)

Main models used in logistic regression. Regression is a commonly used technique for decribing the relationship between a response variable and one or more explanatory variables. When the response variable is a categorical variable, usual regression based on ordinary least squares should be replaced by logistic regression. Binary logistic regression should be used to perform a regression on a dichotomous response. Nominal polytomous logistic regression applies to a categorical response variable that has more than two levels with no natural ordering. And ordinal polytomous logistic regression is used when the response is a categorical variable that has more than two levels with a natural ordering. This note gives an overview of these logistic regression methods and describes three models commonly used when performing ordinal logistic regression. These models are illustrated by an example related to oak decline in the Walloon Region (Belgium).
PHD1 controls muscle mTORC1 in a hydroxylation-independent manner by stabilizing leucyl tRNA synthetase (2020)

mTORC1 is an important regulator of muscle mass but how it is modulated by oxygen and nutrients is not completely understood. We show that loss of the prolyl hydroxylase domain isoform 1 oxygen sensor in mice (PHD1<sup>KO</sup>) reduces muscle mass. PHD1<sup>KO</sup> muscles show impaired mTORC1 activation in response to leucine whereas mTORC1 activation by growth factors or eccentric contractions was preserved. The ability of PHD1 to promote mTORC1 activity is independent of its hydroxylation activity but is caused by decreased protein content of the leucyl tRNA synthetase (LRS) leucine sensor. Mechanistically, PHD1 interacts with and stabilizes LRS. This interaction is promoted during oxygen and amino acid depletion and protects LRS from degradation. Finally, elderly subjects have lower PHD1 levels and LRS activity in muscle from aged versus young human subjects. In conclusion, PHD1 ensures an optimal mTORC1 response to leucine after episodes of metabolic scarcity.
Wave propagation and damping in an electron cyclotron resonance plasma reactor (1991)

Propagation and damping of 2.45 GHz input microwaves in an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) hydrogen plasma reactor were measured in a mirror magnetic field. Without plasma production the wave propagated in the chamber with a wavelength nearly equal to the one in a vacuum. When the hydrogen plasma was sustained at a pressure of 3.3×10−1 Pa, the wavelength was shortened to several cm and the wave was strongly damped near the resonance zone in the axial direction where the electron temperature as well as the plasma density indicated maximum values. The experimental result approximately agreed with the cold plasma dispersion relation for an electron cyclotron wave.
Ethnic and Geographical Differences in Ischaemic Stroke Among Young Adults (2017)

In this review, we summarize and discuss the existing data on the geographic and ethnic differential characteristics of young adult ischaemic stroke.
Exclusion of bioactive contaminations in Streptococcus pyogenes erythrogenic toxin A preparations by recombinant expression in Escherichia coli (1997)

The streptococcal erythrogenic exotoxin A (SPEA) belongs to the family of bacterial superantigens and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a toxic shock-like syndrome and scarlet fever. Concerning its biological activity, mainly T-cell-stimulatory properties, conflicting data exist. In this study, we show that most of the SPEA preparations used so far contain biologically active contaminations. Natural SPEA from the culture supernatant of Streptococcus pyogenes NY-5 and recombinant SPEA purified from the culture filtrate of S. sanguis are strongly contaminated with DNases. We show that natural SPEA induces more tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) than recombinant SPEA, but we also show that DNases are able to induce TNF-alpha. In commercial SPEA preparations, we identified a highly active protease, which was shown not to be SPEB. To exclude these contaminations, we overexpressed SPEA cloned in the effective high-level expression vector pIN-III-ompA2 in Escherichia coli. The expressed SPEA shows the same amino acid composition as natural SPEA, whereas functional studies reported so far were carried out with toxins containing an incorrect amino terminus. We describe the rapid purification of lipopolysaccharide-, DNase-, and protease-free SPEA in two steps from the host's periplasm and its structural characterization by circular dichroism. Our results represent for the first time the production in E. coli of recombinant SPEA with the authentic N-terminal sequence and a proven superantigenic activity. Collectively, our results indicate that immunological studies of superantigens require highly purified substances free of biologically active contaminations.
BCG vaccine--current status. (2000)

Tuberculosis incidence has made re-emergence due to multidrug resistance of the bacilli and for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Of all vaccines BCG is most widely used. It protects children from secondary forms of tuberculosis. Several authors recommend a second dose to boost the waning effect of BCG. The vaccine at present needs to be improved to make it more efficacious. Vaccines which involve the protective immune responses are ideal.
A conceptual framework for middle-up-down semantic annotation of online 3D scenes (2015)

Semantic metadata has many uses in online virtual environments, but the technology for acquiring and managing metadata is not yet fully developed. This paper presents a partial solution that combines and extends traditional top-down and bottom-up approaches to semantic annotation. The paper proposes a metadata architecture composed of three layers, each of which has a metadata store and an interface for importing metadata from a specific group of providers. Under certain conditions, metadata can be propagated between layers, enabling it to be shared with other users of the same application or other applications based on the same virtual reality model. A proof-of-concept implementation demonstrates the feasibility of implementing the architecture using realXtend, an open platform for online multiuser virtual reality applications.
Aspiration and Injection Techniques of the Lower Extremity (2018)

Orthopaedic surgeons frequently use aspirations and injections to both diagnose and treat disorders of the lower extremity. Comprehensive knowledge of regional anatomy, procedural indications, and appropriate techniques are essential. Clinicians must be well versed in a range of musculoskeletal aspiration and injection techniques, including patient positioning, equipment needs, injectable solutions, aspirate analysis, and potential complications. Safe and effective aspiration and injection techniques for the lower extremity, including the hip, knee, foot, and ankle, are reviewed. Image guidance modalities include fluoroscopy, ultrasonography, CT, and MRI.
Fundamental aspects of electron transfer: experimental verification of vibronically coupled electron tunneling. (1977)

A detailed investigation of the applicability of the vibronically coupled electron tunneling theory in biomolecules can be made by a quantitative study of a weak charge-transfer optical absorption band that has been predicted by this theory. The measurement of the position, width, and molar extinction coefficient of this band is examined in the bound model system cytochrome c-Fe(CN)6 at room temperature and demonstrates that the theory is quantitatively applicable in this system. The size of the parameters measured is typical of those relevant for biological electron transfers. The comparisons lend credibility to the generality of vibronically coupled electron theory in biomolecules and its short transfer distances.