gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A multicentre randomised controlled trial of inspiratory muscle training for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (IMTCO study) (2017)

<b>Aim:</b> To examine the effects of a well-controlled, high-intensity inspiratory muscle training (IMT) program in combination with a 3-month pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) on functional exercise capacity in COPD patients with inspiratory muscle weakness in a large, multi-centre, randomised controlled trial. <b>Methods:</b> 169 patients (FEV<sub>1</sub> 41±16%pred.) with low maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax 52±13 cmH<sub>2</sub>O) were recruited and randomized into an intervention group (IMT ≥50%PImax) or a control group (IMT ≤10%PImax). IMT was performed daily using a tapered flow resistive loading IMT device during PR. <b>Results:</b> Patients in the intervention group achieved larger gains in inspiratory muscle function (both strength and endurance; p<0.001). Clinically relevant and statistically significant improvements in 6MWD were observed in both groups, however, there was no statistically significant difference between groups (p=0.926). Endurance cycling exercise capacity increased significantly more in the intervention group (p=0.048) (Table 1). <b>Conclusion:</b> Superior improvement in inspiratory muscle function after the addition of IMT to PR program did not translate into additional improvements in 6MWD. However, a larger improvement was observed in endurance cycling time which may be sensitive than the 6MWD for detecting improvements in exercise capacity when studying effects of adjuncts to PR.
Angiogenesis in the neoplastic sequence of Barrett's oesophagus. Correlation with VEGF expression (2000)

The purpose of this study was to determine the angiogenic profile of human oesophageal adenocarcinoma. This study was carried out on a large series of surgically resected Barrett's adenocarcinomas and associated preneoplastic lesions. Vascularization was quantified by microvessel counting and measurement of the percentage microvessel surface area after immunohistochemistry using the CD34 antibody. The expression of vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) was also examined by immunohistochemistry. Results were correlated with clinico-pathological data and prognosis. Vascularization, assessed by both microvessel counting and measurement of the microvessel surface, was statistically higher in superficial cancers than in others. Higher vascularization was correlated with a lower rate of lymph node and distant metastasis, as well as with better survival. However, when superficial carcinomas were excluded from the study, microvessel count failed to provide any significant prognostic information. Irrespective of the inclusion or exclusion of superficial tumours, the expression of VEGF was correlated with a higher vascularisation but did not provide prognostic significance. It is concluded that high angiogenic properties are acquired in precancerous lesions and early cancers in Barrett's oesophagus. Vascularization as assessed by both microvessel counting and measurement of the microvessel surface is not informative for prognosis in infiltrative Barrett's adenocarcinomas. The expression of VEGF is correlated with vascularization, but has no independent prognostic relevance.
SU‐E‐I‐43: Pediatric CT Dose and Image Quality Optimization (2014)

Purpose: To design an approach to optimize radiation dose and image quality for pediatric CT imaging, and to evaluate expected performance. Methods: A methodology was designed to quantify relative image quality as a function of CT image acquisition parameters. Image contrast and image noise were used to indicate expected conspicuity of objects, and a wide‐cone system was used to minimize scan time for motion avoidance. A decision framework was designed to select acquisition parameters as a weighted combination of image quality and dose. Phantom tests were used to acquire images at multiple techniques to demonstrate expected contrast, noise and dose. Anthropomorphic phantoms with contrast inserts were imaged on a 160mm CT system with tube voltage capabilities as low as 70kVp. Previously acquired clinical images were used in conjunction with simulation tools to emulate images at different tube voltages and currents to assess human observer preferences. Results: Examination of image contrast, noise, dose and tube/generator capabilities indicates a clinical task and object‐size dependent optimization. Phantom experiments confirm that system modeling can be used to achieve the desired image quality and noise performance. Observer studies indicate that clinical utilization of this optimization requires a modified approach to achieve the desired performance. Conclusion: This work indicates the potential to optimize radiation dose and image quality for pediatric CT imaging. In addition, the methodology can be used in an automated parameter selection feature that can suggest techniques given a limited number of user inputs. G Stevens and R Singh are employees of GE Healthcare.
Graft failure following bone marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anemia: risk factors and treatment results (1989)

Graft failure was analyzed in 625 patients receiving allogeneic bone marrow transplants from HLA-identical sibling donors as treatment for severe aplastic anemia. Sixty-eight (11%) had no or only transient engraftment. Second bone marrow transplants were successful in achieving extended survival in 16 of 27 patients with transient initial engraftment but in none of ten patients with no sign of engraftment after the first transplant. The major factors associated with a reduced risk of graft failure were use of radiation for pretransplant immunosuppression and use of cyclosporine rather than methotrexate or T-cell depletion of the donor bone marrow for prophylaxis against graft-v-host disease (GVHD). Among 266 patients prepared for transplantation with cyclophosphamide alone, the risk of graft failure was increased in patients who received previous transfusions and reduced in those who received corticosteroids for previous therapy. Neither cell dose nor administration of donor buffy coat cells affected the probability of engraftment. Although use of radiation in conditioning reduced graft failure, survival was not improved. Posttransplant treatment with cyclosporine and avoidance of pretransplant blood transfusions were associated with improved survival.
Система автоматизированного анализа электрокардиосигналов САА ЭКС-01 в профилактической кардиологии (1983)

Medicinos Akademija (MA)
Experimental Characterization of Electroplastic Elastomers (2010)

The following details the preliminary characterization of a new class of stiffness-control active materials currently under development. In these materials described as electroplastic elastomers (EPEs), the Young’s modulus may be controlled via the creation and cleaving of crosslink sites using chemical and/or electrochemical stimulation. Unlike their thermally controlled shape memory polymer counterparts, EPEs do not require a continuous supply of energy to maintain either stiffness state. Ultimately this class of material could demonstrate fast, low power mechanical property control characteristics via the more easily controlled electric stimulus. This paper focuses on development of a rapid characterization method to enable expedited development of this new class of materials.
The natural herbicide, cyanobacterin, specifically disrupts thylakoid membrane structure in<i>Euglena gracilis</i>strain Z (1990)

Cyanobacterin is a natural product produced by the cyanobacterium (blue-green alga), Scytonema hofmanni. The compound has been chemically characterized and shown to inhibit electron transprot in photosystem II. Although the herbicide is lethal to photoautotrophs, photoheterotrophically-grown organisms such as Euglena gracilis can survive and grown in saturating concentrations of cyanobacterin. Electron micrographs of treated E. gracilis cells show extensive damage to the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts, similar to the effects observed with 3-(3, 4-dichlorophenyl)-1, 1-dimethyl urea (DCMU). Unlike the synthetic herbicide, cyanobacterin specifically disrupts thylakoid membranes and does not affect other cellular membranes or heterotrophic growth.
A fast online learning algorithm for distributed mining of BigData (2014)

BigData analytics require that distributed mining of numerous data streams is performed in real-time. Unique challenges associated with designing such distributed mining systems are: online adaptation to incoming data characteristics, online processing of large amounts of heterogeneous data, limited data access and communication capabilities between distributed learners, etc. We propose a general framework for distributed data mining and develop an efficient online learning algorithm based on this. Our framework consists of an ensemble learner and multiple local learners, which can only access different parts of the incoming data. By exploiting the correlations of the learning models among local learners, our proposed learning algorithms can optimize the prediction accuracy while requiring significantly less information exchange and computational complexity than existing state-of-the-art learning solutions.
Investigation of battery active nickel oxides third quarterly report, 13 dec. 1964 - 13 mar. 1965 (1965)

X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, and chemical analysis of sintered nickel electrode at graphitic level and high temperatures
Comparison of Different Bicycle Ergometer Protocols in Elderly Males (1993)

Physiologic results of three different bicycle ergometer exercise stress test protocols in healthy elderly males were compared in this study. The protocols consisted of 1-minute, 3-minute, and continuous-ramp stage protocols. Twelve male subjects participated in the study (mean ± SD age 69.5 ±4 years, height 169.3 ±5.6 cm, and weight (77.1 ±8.5 kg). All subjects performed three symptom-limited maximal exercise stress tests with a 45-watt increase in work rate every three minutes (3min), 15 watts every minute (1min), or one watt every 4 seconds (continuous). The overall work rate for each subject was identical for all three protocols. Respiratory parameters included peak O2 uptake (JOURNAL/jcrh/04.03/00008483-199303000-00010/OV0312/v/2021-01-27T102013Z/r/image-pngO2max), ventilatory threshold (VeT), peak CO2 production (VCO2), minute ventilation (VE), and O2 uptake with respect to work rate (ΔJOURNAL/jcrh/04.03/00008483-199303000-00010/OV0312/v/2021-01-27T102013Z/r/image-pngO2/ΔWR), which were measured breath by breath. Analysis of maximal work results revealed that the continuous test produced higher diastolic blood pressures. No other significant differences in maximal work results were observed. Analysis of submaximal data revealed no statistical differences in VeT measurements. Results were compared at 3 submaximal work rates (45, 90, and 135 watts). Analysis of results at 45 watts revealed that the continuous protocol produced lower systolic BP (P < 0.05), JOURNAL/jcrh/04.03/00008483-199303000-00010/OV0312/v/2021-01-27T102013Z/r/image-pngO2, O2 pulse, and ΔJOURNAL/jcrh/04.03/00008483-199303000-00010/OV0312/v/2021-01-27T102013Z/r/image-pngO2/ΔWR (P < 0.01) when compared to 3 minutes. The continuous protocol also resulted in lower HR when compared to 1- and 3-minute protocols. Analysis at 90 watts revealed the continuous protocol produced lower HR (P < 0.05) when compared to 3 minutes, and lower O2 pulse, O2 uptake, and ΔJOURNAL/jcrh/04.03/00008483-199303000-00010/OV0312/v/2021-01-27T102013Z/r/image-pngO2/ΔWR (P < 0.05) when compared to 3- and 1-minute protocols. Comparison of protocols at 135 watts revealed 3 minutes providing higher HR (P < 0.05). No other significant differences were noted. It was concluded that all examined protocols are generally equal in eliciting VeT and maximal cardiorespiratory demand in elderly males. Submaximal analysis revealed the continuous protocol produced a lower cardiorespiratory demand at a given workload.
Some Aspects of the Fate and Relationship of the N-Methyl Group of Morphine to its Pharmacological Activity<sup>1a</sup> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome Aspects of the Fate and Relationship of the N-Methyl Group of Morphine to its Pharmacological Activity1aChristian Elison, Henry W. Elliott, Melvin Look, and Henry RapoportCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1963, 6, 3, 237–246Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00339a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00339a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views176Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Engraftment and dissemination of T lymphocytes from primary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in <i>scid</i> mice (2003)

Although primary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a genetic disorder of T lymphocytes, it remains unclear why T lymphocytes of primary HLH patients preferentially infiltrate the central nervous system and peripheral blood, in addition to the reticuloendothelial systems. We engrafted Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS)-immortalized T-lymphocyte lines established from primary HLH patients into severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice and examined their capacity to infiltrate mouse organs. A diffuse infiltration of human T lymphocytes was detected in each organ of scid mice treated with 1 x 10(6) T lymphocytes from all four primary HLH patients assessed, whereas no infiltration of T lymphocytes from healthy individuals was observed in any organ. The infiltration of T lymphocytes was mainly observed in the lung, brain and peripheral blood, in association with haemophagocytosis. These cells were positive for HLA-DR, CD3 and either CD8 or CD4, but negative for CD68. Certain markers of proliferation and apoptotic activities were highly positive in these cells. There was no difference between the infiltration pattern of T lymphocytes of primary HLH patients with a perforin deficiency and those without. By Southern blot analysis, T lymphocytes infiltrating mouse organs were observed to be polyclonal. These findings suggest that our murine model implementing HVS-immortalized human T lymphocytes is suitable to clarify the pathogenesis of primary HLH.
Seizure-Induced Formation of Basal Dendrites on Granule Cells of the Rodent Dentate Gyrus (2012)

Abstract Granule cells of the normal adult rodent dentate gyrus generally have the typical morphology of bipolar cells. Their apical dendrites arise from one pole and arborize into the molecular layer, while the axon originates from the base of the granule cell body and extends into the hilus subjacent to the granule cell layer.1 Two exceptions to this rule have been observed. Sometimes recurrent basal dendrites arise from the base of granule cell bodies and then curve back through the granule cell layer in the direction of the molecular layer, where they join apical dendrites.2–4 Despite this unusual origination, dendrites of dentate granule cells in rodents arborize exclusively in the molecular layer. The other exception is the rare instance of an axon originating from the granule cell's apical dendrite or the apical pole of its cell body.4 In this instance, the axon descends into the hilus without giving rise to collaterals. Both of these morphologies suggest that rat granule cells are more heterogeneous than was previously indicated. Dentate granule cells from humans and nonhuman primates differ from granule cells from rodents; primate granule cells commonly have basal dendrites. Seress and Mrzljak5 were the first to show that primate granule cells display basal dendrites in normal brain. Other studies confirmed this observation and showed that many granule cells in monkey have basal dendrites that enter the hilus.6 These basal dendrites have large, complex spines and smaller “stubby” spines. About 10% of granule cells in the monkey dentate gyrus exhibit basal dendrites. Pertinent to this review is the finding that greater numbers of granule cells with hilar basal dendrites are found in the temporal lobes of epileptic humans compared to normal human control tissues.7,8 The remainder of this chapter will focus on the seizure-induced formation of hilar basal dendrites in rodents and the potential significance of hilar basal dendrites in epileptogenesis.
Technical Note : Comparison between simulated and measured B0 field maps of head and neck MRI (2019)

Technical Note : Comparison between simulated and measured B0 field maps of head and neck MRI
High-Qu ality GaN Growth on AIN/Sapphire Templates by MOVPE (2002)

Gallium nitride (GaN) is an attractive material for use in optoelectronics, high-power, high-temperature and high-frequency electronic devices. Sapphire substrates have been widely used for the growth of GaN films. It is, however, difficult to grow high-quality GaN films because of lattice and thermal mismatches between GaN and sapphire. For the present, the most popular method of GaN epitaxial growth is to use thin aluminium nitride (AIN) or GaN films deposited at low-temperatures on sapphire substrates as a buffer layer.[1-5] The GaN films grown on sapphire substrates with low temperature buffer layers show high dislocation densities and residual stresses. Other substrate materials and/or various templates have been reported to solve these problems. However, several problems, such as high dislocation densities and residual stresses, are not yet satisfactorily solved. In this study, we show that high-quality epitaxial aluminum nitride (AIN) films grown on sapphire at high temperatures higher than 1000 °C are promising templates for GaN epitaxial growth. We expect high-quality GaN to be grown on these AIN films because the difference between the lattice constants of AIN and GaN is 3 % at most and the thermal expansion coefficient of GaN is close to that of AIN. Previously, GaN films have been reported to be grown on AIN films (grown at high temperature). [6,7] In this paper we have clarified to greatly improve the electrical, crystal, optical quality of GaN films on epitaxial AIN films for the first time.
SMB Operation Strategy−Partial Feed (2002)

An operation strategy, partial feed, is developed to increase SMB separation efficiency. With the partial-feed mode of operation, the feed and raffinate flow rates vary with time. The separation of Dextran T6 and raffinose, which have linear isotherms, is modeled with the Aspen Chromatography simulator in a four-zone SMB for both normal-feed and partial-feed operations. Partial-feed operation significantly improved the separation with one column per zone. Either the purity and the recovery or the productivity could be increased. Partial feed introduces two additional degrees of freedom, namely, feed length and feed time. The optimum values for these parameters were determined. The improved separation is explained using local equilibrium theory.
On Disintegration in Probabilistic Semantics (2018)

We give a version of disintegration based on weaker assumptions than previously known. The result is derived using an enhanced version of the Radon-Nikodym theorem that makes explicit the approximating functions, thereby allowing the coordinated construction of multiple simultaneous derivatives. Using this, a category of joint distributions can be independently defined in which a category of Markov kernels on countably generated spaces is fully and faithfully embedded.
Cell Clinics Technology Platform for Cell-Based Sensing (2006)

The cell clinics microsystem is a platform for long-term cell monitoring for such applications as cell-based sensing. This system includes microvials with individually actuated lids, integrated circuits that monitor cells and control the position of the vial hinges, and an automated cell loading mechanism that relies on dielectrophoresis to manipulate individual cells into the vials
SYNTHESIS OF PSEUDO-DISACCHARIDE ANALOGUES OF LIPID A: HAPTENS FOR THE GENERATION OF ANTIBODIES WITH GLYCOSIDASE ACTIVITY TOWARDS LIPID A (2002)

In order to develop a generic treatment of sepsis caused by infections with Gram-negative bacteria, a series of pseudo-disaccharide analogues of lipid A (1–5) was synthesized. These adducts not only harbor a 2-acylaminodideoxynojirimycin unit mimicking the transition state of the glycosidic hydrolysis, but also a 2-N, 3-O-diacylated glucosamine moiety capable of generating catalytic antibodies with more selective glycosidase properties towards lipid A.
An effective approach to phase‐noise reduction for microwave sources (2003)

Abstract In this paper, a new method of phase‐noise reduction for microwave sources is proposed. The phase noise is reduced from a microwave signal generator or microwave oscillator without need of high‐ Q components. The output of the microwave source is compared with its delayed counterpart using a six‐port comparator. The detected phase‐difference signal is used to make corrections to the original microwave signal in order to reduce its phase variation due to noise effect. A schematic diagram of this approach is provided and its feasibility is tested by analysis and simulation. Analysis shows that the introduction of the six‐port comparator for phase‐noise reduction is very effective; a great amount of phase noise can be removed and the quality of the microwave signal is improved significantly. The implementation of this approach is also discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 39: 36–39, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11119
Digital Average Current-Mode Controller for DC–DC Converters in Physical Vapor Deposition Applications (2008)

A dc power supply in physical vapor deposition (PVD) applications operates as a constant power source during normal operation or as a constant current source during fast micro arcs in the plasma. A two-loop control is usually applied: an external (slower) loop controls the output power, while an internal (fast) loop controls the current. This paper introduces a digital average current mode controller for DC power supplies in PVD applications. The controller provides a current source response to fast disturbances, and enables equal current sharing among buck converter modules operating in parallel. Adaptive adjustments of the compensator gain in the digital current control loop enable operation over wide ranges of output power and voltage. The proposed control strategy is robust and noise insensitive. The current and power control algorithms are implemented on a digital signal processor/field-programmable gate array-based digital control platform using a low-cost 10-bit 500 kS/s analog-to-digital converter. The performance is verified on a 25 kW experimental prototype.