gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recombinant DNA and biological warfare (1983)

AbstractA misuse of bioengineering technology for military purposes seems probable unless a reexamination of and a stronger commitment to biological weapons disarmament is forthcoming.
A Study on Biodegradable Plastic Gears with High Strength and High Rigidity (1997)

With the background that plastic waste disposal is causing a great environmental problem, a biodegradable plastic was developed, and a gear was manufactured using this plastic. The strength and rigidity of the plastic were improved by adding 30% talc to an aliphatic polyester which was chemically synthesized from a glycol and an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid. Then, with the operation tests carried out for the plastic gears, characteristics such as operating life, tooth wear, and change in tooth profile were investigated. Furthermore, in order to compare this gear with a polyacetal gear with a lot of practical results, investigations were carried out for the practical application of this plastic gear.
The effect of system faults on generating plant (1996)

When considering the effects of faults on transmission and distribution networks, it is traditional to look closely at the T&D circuit parameters and to assess the power flows, voltage swings, etc. associated with fault isolation and reconnection of supplies. There are of course good reasons for focussing on these areas, not least the statutory duty to maintain supplies. However, this presentation seeks to broaden the context of fault analysis, in particular into the area of how generation plant design is affected by the need to survive intact in the event of a power system fault. A brief review of the key design features of a large turbogenerator is given, followed by a discussion of two key areas of that design which are heavily governed by the fault tolerance requirement of the machine. Some examples of design methods (calculation techniques) are illustrated to give some feel for the depth to which these features are studied in order to achieve the requisite levels of generator ruggedness. (5 pages)
The Impact of Parallelism on Query Optimization. (1993)

Cancer immunotherapy, a burgeoning modality for cancer treatment, operates by activating the autoimmune system to impede the growth of malignant cells. Although numerous immunotherapy strategies have been employed in clinical cancer therapy, the resistance of cancer cells to immunotherapeutic medications and other apprehensions impede the attainment of sustained advantages for most patients. Recent advancements in nanotechnology for drug delivery hold promise in augmenting the efficacy of immunotherapy. However, the efficacy is currently constrained by the inadequate specificity of delivery, low rate of response, and the intricate immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In this context, the investigation of cell membrane coated nanoparticles (CMNPs) has revealed their ability to perform targeted delivery, immune evasion, controlled release, and immunomodulation. By combining the advantageous features of natural cell membranes and nanoparticles, CMNPs have demonstrated their unique potential in the realm of cancer immunotherapy. This review aims to emphasize recent research progress and elucidate the underlying mechanisms of CMNPs as an innovative drug delivery platform for enhancing cancer immunotherapy. Additionally, it provides a comprehensive overview of the current immunotherapeutic strategies involving different cell membrane types of CMNPs, with the intention of further exploration and optimization.
E-negotiations: towards engineering of technology-based social processes. (2003)

Abstract. Traditionally, negotiation support was based on normative and prescriptive research; its users were analysts and experts. The purpose of the recently developed e-negotiation systems is to provide negotiators with services and to satisfy their requirements rather than direct their activities so that they conform to rationality and optimality principles. This orientation is typical to software engineering. Due to the difficulties in reconciling results of prescriptive and descriptive studies the e-negotiation design specifications are often based on selected descriptive approaches at the expense of the prescriptive support. This paper presents selected results from negotiation and e-negotiation research and discusses methodological foundations for e-negotiation system design and development. Based on review of methodological foundations and the scientific and engineering perspectives on negotiations, an e-negotiation view integration model is proposed. The purpose of the model is to allow for the integration of behavioural, scientific and engineering views on e-negotiations.
Hypervalent Iodine(III)-Induced Intramolecular Cyclization of α-(Aryl)alkyl-β-dicarbonyl Compounds:  A Convenient Synthesis of Benzannulated and Spirobenzannulated Compounds (2000)

A novel hypervalent iodine(III)-induced direct intramolecular cyclization of alpha-(aryl)alkyl-beta-dicarbonyl compounds has been described. Both meta- and para-substituted phenol ether derivatives containing acyclic or cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl moieties at the side chain undergo this reaction in a facile manner. The reactions afford benzannulated and spirobenzannulated compounds that are of biological importance. The reaction is found to be general, mild, and high yielding. The mechanism of the reaction has been shown to involve a cation radical intermediate.
Temperature-sensitive mutants of adenovirus single-stranded DNA-binding protein. Inability to support DNA replication is associated with an altered DNA-binding activity of the protein (1991)

The adenovirus single-stranded DNA-binding protein (DBP) is an essential factor in viral DNA replication. Three temperature-sensitive (ts) adenoviruses (Ad2+ND1ts23, Ad2ts111A, and Ad5ts125) are known to have single amino acid substitutions in their DBPs that result in defective DNA replication at the nonpermissive temperature. To elucidate the mechanism(s) involved in the ts phenotype, we purified the three mutant DBPs and studied their DNA-binding properties and their ability to support DNA replication in an in vitro system. The results confirm that the three ts DBPs were incapable of supporting DNA replication at the nonpermissive temperature (40 degrees C). The defect was found at both the initiation and elongation steps of DNA replication. The 2-fold stimulation of pTP.dCMP formation by the DBP was lost by prior heating of the ts DBPs. The pronounced effect of the DBP on the early elongation process was severely diminished, but not abolished, by prior heating to 40 degrees C. The functional change at 40 degrees C was irreversible, as the ts DBPs preincubated at 40 degrees C were no longer active when assayed at 30 degrees C. Upon heating to 40 degrees C, all three ts DBPs lost their ability to bind to oligonucleotides, although they still retained some binding activity for large single-stranded DNAs such as M13 DNA. Thus, the inability of these three ts DBPs to support DNA replication is attributable to their altered DNA-binding properties.
Integrated Solar Upper Stage Technical Support (1998)

NASA Lewis Research Center is participating in the Integrated Solar Upper Stage (ISUS) program. This program is a ground-based demonstration of an upper stage concept that will be used to generate both solar propulsion and solar power. Solar energy collected by a primary concentrator is directed into the aperture of a secondary concentrator and further concentrated into the aperture of a heat receiver. The energy stored in the receiver-absorber-converter is used to heat hydrogen gas to provide propulsion during the orbital transfer portion of the mission. During the balance of the mission, electric power is generated by thermionic diodes. Several materials issues were addressed as part of the technical support portion of the ISUS program, including: 1) Evaluation of primary concentrator coupons; 2) Evaluation of secondary concentrator coupons; 3) Evaluation of receiver-absorber-converter coupons; 4) Evaluation of in-test witness coupons. Two different types of primary concentrator coupons were evaluated from two different contractors-replicated coupons made from graphite-epoxy composite and coupons made from microsheet glass. Specular reflectivity measurements identified the replicated graphite-epoxy composite coupons as the primary concentrator material of choice. Several different secondary concentrator materials were evaluated, including a variety of silver and rhodium reflectors. The specular reflectivity of these materials was evaluated under vacuum at temperatures up to 800 C. The optical properties of several coupons of rhenium on graphite were evaluated to predict the thermal performance of the receiver-absorber-converter. Finally, during the ground test demonstration, witness coupons placed in strategic locations throughout the thermal vacuum facility were evaluated for contaminants. All testing for the ISUS program was completed successfully in 1997. Investigations related to materials issues have proven helpful in understanding the operation of the test article, leading to a potential ISUS flight test in 2002.
Negatively Charged open-Ended Plasma to Strip and Confine Heavy Ions (1969)

A negatively charged plasma with energetic magnetic-mirror-confined electrons may provide a suitable environment for long-term ion confinement and for intense multiple ionization of heavy ions. Classical rates for ion loss from the negative potential well are low compared with the comparable ion mirror-loss rates. It is proposed to maintain the plasma by steady electron injection together with cyclotron acceleration for electron trapping and heating.
Femoral Volumetric Bone Density, Geometry, and Strength in Relation to 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D in Older Men (2014)

Low serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations are associated with increased hip fracture risk and decreased femoral areal bone mineral density (BMD) among elderly men. Structural dimensions of the proximal femur and volumetric BMD in cortical and trabecular compartments are also associated with hip fracture risk. However, associations of volumetric BMD or structural dimensions with serum 25(OH)D concentrations among older men remain unclear. In a random sample of 1608 men aged ≥65 years from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS), baseline serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry assays. Femoral neck geometry and volumetric BMD derived from quantitative computed tomography included integral, cortical, and trabecular volumetric BMD; cross-sectional area; integral and cortical volume; and cortical volume as a percent of integral volume. We studied 888 men with vitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), femoral neck geometry, and BMD measures. Whole-bone femoral strength and load-strength ratio from finite element (FE) analysis were also available for 356 men from this sample. Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate least square means of each femoral measure within quartiles of 25(OH)D adjusted for age, race, body mass index, height, latitude, and season of blood draw. Tests of linear trend in the means were performed across increasing quartile of serum 25(OH)D levels. Mean cortical volume (p trend = 0.006) and cortical volume as a percent of integral volume (p trend < 0.001) increased across increasing quartile of 25(OH)D level. However, overall femoral neck size (area and integral volume) did not vary by 25(OH)D level. Femoral neck volumetric BMD measures increased in a graded manner with higher 25(OH)D levels (p trend < 0.001). Femoral strength, but not load-strength ratio, increased with increasing 25(OH)D. Adjustment for PTH did not materially change these associations. We conclude that in older men, higher levels of endogenous 25(OH)D may increase whole-bone strength by increasing femoral volumetric BMD and cortical volume.
Assessing potential targets of calcium action in light-modulated gravitropism. (1995)

Light, through the mediation of the pigment phytochrome, modulates the gravitropic response of the shoots and roots of many plants. The transduction of both light and gravity stimuli appears to involve Ca(2+)-regulated steps, one or more of which may represent points of intersection between the two transduction chains. To be confident that Ca2+ plays a critical role in stimulus-response coupling for gravitropism, it will be important to identify specific targets of Ca2+ action whose function can be clearly linked to the regulation of growth. Calcium typically exerts its influence on cell metabolism through binding to and activating key regulatory proteins. The three best characterized of these proteins in plants are the calmodulins, calcium-dependent protein kinases, and annexins. In this review we summarize what is known about the structure and function of these proteins and speculate on how their activation by Ca2+ could influence the differential growth response of gravitropism.
Dynamic Resource Allocation for UMTS TDD TD-CDMA Systems (1999)

International audience
Identification of characteristic plant co-occurrences in neotropical secondary montane forests (2009)

Inferring environmental conditions from characteristic patterns of plant co-occurrences can be crucial for the development of conservation strategies concerningsecondary neotropical forests.However, nomethodological agreement has been achieved so far regarding the identification and classification of characteristic groups of vascular plant species in the tropics. This study examines botanical and, in particular, statistical aspects to be considered in such analyses. Based on these, we propose a novel data-driven approach for the identification of characteristicplant co-occurrencesin neotropical secondarymountainforests.
Analysis of bilateral asymmetry in mammograms using directional, morphological, and density features (2007)

We propose techniques to analyze bilateral asymmetry in mammograms by combining directional information, morphological measures, and geometric moments related to density distributions. The procedure starts by detecting the breast boundary and the pectoral muscle edge (in mediolateral-oblique, or MLO, views). All artifacts outside the breast boundary as well as the pectoral muscle region are eliminated. A breast density model based upon a Gaussian mixture model is then used to segment the fibroglandular disks of the mammograms. Rose diagrams are used to map the magnitude and directional information related to the fibroglandular tissue filtered using multiresolution Gabor wavelets. The directional data of the left and right mammograms are aligned by using the straight lines perpendicular to the corresponding pectoral muscle edges and subtracted to obtain difference rose diagrams. Directional features are obtained from the difference rose diagrams and used to characterize the changes caused by the development of breast cancer in the form of bilateral asymmetry or architectural distortion. An additional set of features including Hu's moments, eccentricity, stretch, area, and average density are extracted from the segmented fibroglandular disks. The differences between the pairs of the features for the left and right mammograms are used as measures for the analysis of asymmetry. The techniques were applied to 88 mammograms from the Mini-MIAS database. Classification accuracies of up to 84.4% were achieved, with sensitivity and specificity rates of 82.6% and 86.4%, respectively.
Gas6 promotes inflammation by enhancing interactions between endothelial cells, platelets, and leukocytes (2007)

The role of Gas6 in endothelial cell (EC) function remains incompletely characterized. Here we report that Gas6 amplifies EC activation in response to inflammatory stimuli in vitro. In vivo, Gas6 promotes and accelerates the sequestration of circulating platelets and leukocytes on activated endothelium as well as the formation and endothelial sequestration of circulating platelet-leukocyte conjugates. In addition, Gas6 promotes leukocyte extravasation, inflammation, and thrombosis in mouse models of inflammation (endotoxinemia, vasculitis, heart transplantation). Thus, Gas6 amplifies EC activation, thereby playing a key role in enhancing the interactions between ECs, platelets, and leukocytes during inflammation.
Expression Patterns of Neurotrophins and Neurotrophin Receptors in Articular Chondrocytes and Inflammatory Infiltrates in Knee Joint Arthritis (2008)

The findings show that an NT system develops in inflammatory infiltrates of the synovial tissue. Furthermore, most interestingly, autocrine/paracrine effects appear to exist concerning NTs for the articular chondrocytes. The downregulated expression of NGF and NT receptors in articular chondrocytes in arthritis is a new aspect concerning the involvement of NTs in cartilage.
Low-cost fibered fluorescence spectroscopic probe designed for biomolecular film characterization (2006)

We present a new combination of a fluorescent film deposited onto a chip and a new kind of low-cost optical fluorescence probe. The probe consists of an optical fiber which guides the excitation beam to the chip and a second one which collects the fluorescence light toward a spectrometer slotted into a PC. The resulting data are then processed to extract the pertinent information. This system is designed for the detection of DNA but, at present, we have achieved the detection of functionalized lipidic vesicles and studied the photobleaching process of such films.
FLIGHT INITIATION AND DIRECTIONAL CONTROL OF BEETLES BY MICROTHERMAL STIMULATION (2008)

This paper presents the efforts at micro thermal stimulation to initiate the flight and control the direction of beetles. Experiments were carried out by mounting micro thermal stimulators at the base of the antenna of the Green June beetle (Cotinis nitida). Preliminary in vivo experiments with resistive micro-heaters demonstrate that the beetle generates a torque of 18mN-mm at an estimated temperature of 43C at the beetle-heater interface. These experiments utilized a micromachined resistive heater fabricated from bulk Ni foil. Additional experiments with a beetle carcass indicate that ultrasonic heating could be more effective, providing an estimated interface temperature of 43 C with 160 mW power. A circular PZT-5H disk of 3.2 mm diameter was used in the experiments.
In,out-Isomerism of Phosphorus Bridgehead Cage Compounds. A Review (2004)

The chemistry and stereochemical peculiarities, especially the phenomenon of in , out -isomerism of bi- and polycyclic compounds with one or more phosphorus bridgehead atoms, are reviewed in the present paper. The appearance of in , out -isomers depends on the ring size of the bi- and polycycles. In general graphic in , out -isomerism becomes only possible in medium sized ring systems and in particular in macrocyclic compounds. However even bicyclic systems containing small rings can be trans -configured if the third chain is long and flexible enough hence giving rise to pseudo- in , out -isomerism. In -phosphorus atoms exhibit a low reactivity in comparison to their out -counterparts. Nevertheless some few examples of reactions at in -positioned phosphorus atoms have been presented. This will potentially open the way to a specific modification of the cavity of such macrobi- and polycyclic compounds. A review with 53 references.
ADAPTIVERATE FILTERINGFORA SIGNALDRIVENSAMPLINGSCHEME (2007)

Thisworkisacontribution toenhance thesignal processing chain required inmobile systems. Thesystem mustbelowpowerasitis powered byabattery. Thusasignal driven sampling scheme based onlevel crossing isemployed, adapting thesampling rate andsothe system activity byfollowing theinput signal variations. Inorder to filter thenon-uniformly sampled signal obtained attheoutput ofthis sampling scheme anewadaptive rate FIRfiltering approach isdevised. Theidea istocombine thefeatures ofbothuniform andnonuniform signal processing tools toachieve asmartonline filtering process. Thecomputational complexity oftheproposed approach is deduced andcompared tooneoftheclassical FIRfiltering approach. Itpromises asignificant gainofthecomputational efficiency andhence oftheprocessing power.
Molecular Dynamics of Liquid-Crystalline Side-Group Polymers with Fluorine-Containing Azobenzene Chromophores (1997)

Dielectric measurements on liquid-crystalline polymethacrylates with 4'-trifluoromethoxy-azobenzene mesogenic side groups and alkylene spacers of varying length (2-6) are reported. Several relaxation regions have been identified. The β-process (rotational fluctuation of the mesogenic unit around its long axis) and the δ-relaxation (rotational fluctuations of the mesogen around the short axis) show a behavior which is similar to that of the corresponding systems with phenylbenzoate as the mesogenic unit. The relaxation behavior of the intermediate α-process is quite unusually and has not been understood fully at present.
Photosensitization in dyed and undyed APEX-E DUV resist (1996)

One of the principle concerns in the design of deep-ultraviolet (DUV) photoresist systems is optimization of the optical absorbance of the resist at 248 nm. Conventional novolak resists absorb strongly (OD greater than 1/micrometer), and are therefore not useful in the DUV. Most DUV formulations consist of a poly(hydroxystyrene)-based resin, a photoacid generator (PAG), and perhaps an additional component (crosslinker, dissolution inhibitor, dye, contamination stabilizer). There are multiple available PAGs, such as aryl onium salts, which have been designed to undergo efficient direct photolysis upon irradiation at 248 nm. Certain PAGs, however, are nearly completely transparent at this wavelength, yet are seen to function well in acid-catalyzed DUV resist systems. This is attributed to photosensitization of the PAG by the resin. Steady-state and dynamic fluorescence quenching and acid generation measurements were used to study this phenomenon and data for several systems are presented. It is concluded that both electronic energy migration and photoinduced electron transfer can play important roles in acid generation and that where possible, these functions should be incorporated into the design of high photospeed resist systems. Additional data is presented for a positive-tone photoresist with a photosensitizing dye component.
Joint morphological-lexical language modeling for machine translation (2007)

We present a joint morphological-lexical language model (JMLLM) for use in statistical machine translation (SMT) of language pairs where one or both of the languages are morphologically rich. The proposed JMLLM takes advantage of the rich morphology to reduce the Out-Of-Vocabulary (OOV) rate, while keeping the predictive power of the whole words. It also allows incorporation of additional available semantic, syntactic and linguistic information about the morphemes and words into the language model. Preliminary experiments with an English to Dialectal-Arabic SMT system demonstrate improved translation performance over trigram based baseline language model.
Multi keV x-ray source from femtosecond laser produced micro plasma (2003)

Summary form only given, as follows. In the experiments reported, laser-produced plasma keV x-rays have been generated by 120fs, 800nm, 0.5mJ Ti sapphire laser pulses. The experiments have concentrated not only on the characterization but also the comparison of the keV x-ray emission generated in both air and vacuum. Scaling of x-ray conversion efficiency, dependence on pulse energy, pulse duration and angle of incidence have been investigated. Size of the resultant emission spot and brightness of the source are also under study. Enhancement of the keV x-ray production through the presence of a laser prepulse shows that the interactions in the underdense plasma may also contribute to hot electron and keV x-ray generation.