gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
α<sub>E</sub>C, the C-Terminal Extension of Fibrinogen, Has Chaperone-like Activity (2009)

Human fibrinogen is an important coagulation factor as well as an acute phase protein in the circulatory system. Fibrinogen-420 is distinguished from the conventional alpha chain of fibrinogen-340 by the presence of an additional 236-residue carboxyl terminus globular domain (alpha(E)C). The alpha(E)C domain of human fibrinogen-420 is a stable and early proteolytic cleavage product in the circulation. A genuine physiological function for alpha(E)C has not yet been established. Our study aims to characterize the novel chaperone-like activity of alpha(E)C. alpha(E)C efficiently protects a series of model proteins from thermally induced aggregation. Furthermore, alpha(E)C specifically recognizes the partially denatured form instead of the native form of citrate synthase (CS) and potentially protects it from thermally induced inactivation. The protective effect may result from formation of soluble complexes between alpha(E)C and partially denatured CS as tested by size exclusion column and electron microscope. In addition, alpha(E)C can keep the partially denatured luciferase in a folding competent state and help it refold in cooperation with rabbit reticulocyte lysate (RRL). Furthermore, alpha(E)C can also form complexes with thermally stressed plasma proteins. Our findings reveal the novel function of alpha(E)C as a chaperone-like protein, which not only provides new insights into the extracellular chaperone system but also has implications on the physiological and pathological relevance of fibrinogen.
Paxillin Associates with the Microtubule Cytoskeleton and the Immunological Synapse of CTL through Its Leucine-Aspartic Acid Domains and Contributes to Microtubule Organizing Center Reorientation (2011)

The cytoskeletal adaptor protein paxillin localizes to the microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in T cells and, upon target cell binding, is recruited to the supramolecular activation complex (SMAC). We mapped the region of paxillin that associates with both the MTOC and SMAC to the leucine-aspartic acid (LD) domains and showed that a protein segment containing LD2-4 was sufficient for MTOC and SMAC recruitment. Examination of the localization of paxillin at the SMAC revealed that paxillin localizes to the peripheral area of the SMAC along with LFA-1, suggesting that LFA-1 may contribute to its recruitment. LFA-1 or CD3 engagement alone was insufficient for paxillin recruitment because there was no paxillin accumulation at the site of CTL contact with anti-LFA-1- or anti-CD3-coated beads. In contrast, paxillin accumulation was detected when beads coated with both anti-CD3 and anti-LFA-1 were bound to CTL, suggesting that signals from both the TCR and LFA-1 are required for paxillin accumulation. Paxillin was shown to be phosphorylated downstream of ERK, but when we generated a mutation (S83A/S130A) that abolished the mobility shift as a result of phosphorylation, we found that paxillin still bound to the MTOC and was recruited to the SMAC. Furthermore, ERK was not absolutely required for MTOC reorientation in CTL that require ERK for killing. Finally, expression of the LD2-4 region of paxillin substantially reduced MTOC reorientation. These studies demonstrated that paxillin is recruited, through its LD domains, to sites of integrin engagement and may contribute to MTOC reorientation required for directional degranulation.
[Treatment of histamine-dependent allergic dermatoses with a 120-mg terfenadine tablet once a day]. (1989)

Terfenadine, an anti-H1-selective antihistaminic drug has been used in an experimental clinical study. The effectiveness and tolerance of the compound in the treatment of pruritic dermatitis such as urticaria, atopic dermatitis and topical dermatitis, have been evaluated. Terfenadine, administered in 120 mg tablets in a single daily dose in 30 patients demonstrated a fully satisfactory therapeutic activity and reliability of use.
Elektronenspektren und Elektronenstruktur von 9,9'‐Dianthryl (1968)

Abstract 9,9'‐Dianthryl zeigt eine Verschiebung und Strukturänderung seiner Fluoreszenzbande in Abhängigkeit von der Polarität und Viskosität des Lösungsmittels, die für einen derartigen Kohlenwasserstoff anomal ist. Dieses Verhalten kann durch die Annahme eines intramolekularen Ladungsüberganges und einer Verdrillung im angeregten Zustand erklärt werden.
Application of immunohistochemistry to breast lesions. (2008)

Abstract Context.—Immunohistochemistry has an expanding role in mammary pathology that has been facilitated by a growing list of available antibodies and a better understanding of biology. Objective.—To explore the key role of immunohistochemistry in guiding adjuvant therapy decisions and sentinel node staging in breast cancer, as well as the role of immunohistochemistry as an aid to distinguishing usual ductal hyperplasia from atypical ductal hyperplasia/low-grade carcinoma in situ; subtyping a carcinoma as ductal or lobular, basal or luminal; ruling out microinvasion in extensive intraductal carcinoma; distinguishing invasive carcinoma from mimics; and establishing that a metastatic carcinoma of unknown primary site has originated in the breast. Data Sources.—Current literature is reviewed, including clinical and pathologic journals. Conclusions.—As new, targeted treatments for breast cancer are developed, pathologists can expect additional immunohistochemistry applications in the future.
STRUCTURE‐ACTIVITY STUDIES ON AN EXCITATORY RECEPTOR FOR GLUTAMATE ON LEECH RETZIUS NEURONES (1980)

1 Intracellular recordings were made from Retzius cells from the segmental ganglia of Hirudo medicinalis and Haemopis sanguisuga. Glutamate had a direct excitatory effect on the leech Retzius cells. 2 L-Glutamate was 25 times more potent than D-glutamate. 3 L-Glutamate was approximately equipotent with ibotenic acid and 11.2 times more potent than L-aspartic acid. 4 Quisqualic acid and kainic acid were both approximately 100 times more potent than L-glutamate. DL-1-Amino-cis-1-3-dicarboxyclyclopentane was approximately 5 times more potent than L-glutamate, while the trans isomer was 105 times less potent. 5 alpha-NH2-pimelic acid and beta-CH3-glutamic acid reduced the response to L-glutamate. 6 It is suggested that glutamic acid may interact with the Retzius cell glutamate receptor in an extended conformation.
Synthesis of emulsion styrene butadiene rubber by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and its properties (2018)

ABSTRACT Emulsion polymerization is generally used to synthesize styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), and the molecular weight of this rubber can be easily increased. However, the broad molecular weight distribution (MWD) of SBR increases energy loss and adversely affects the dynamic viscoelastic properties. To overcome this disadvantage, reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, which is a type of living polymerization, is applied to emulsion polymerization for preparing RAFT emulsion SBR (ESBR). The molecular weight and microstructure of RAFT ESBR are compared to those of commercially available ESBR 1502 by gel permeation chromatography and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The aforementioned two polymers are used to prepare unfilled ESBR compounds, which are compared in terms of key physical properties (abrasion resistance, mechanical properties, and dynamic viscoelastic properties). It is confirmed that various physical properties of RAFT ESBR are improved due to its narrow MWD. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136 , 47069.
Maximum likelihood parameter estimation of the asymmetric generalised Gaussian family of distributions (2003)

It is useful to model and detect observed data with symmetric, asymmetric or long tail unimodal distributions. The algorithm based on the maximum likelihood function is developed for asymmetric generalised Gaussian family of distributions. The Cramer-Rao lower bound for this estimator is also investigated. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is robust and asymptotically unbiased.
Coil holder and marker system for MR imaging of the total spine. (1989)

To improve the efficiency of magnetic resonance imaging of the total spine, the authors developed a coil holder and marker system to accurately localize the level of the spine imaged. The patient's external auditory canal and the alignment light on the imager are lined up with marks on the coil holder. The spine is then imaged in three segments by using a 24-cm field of view. The device has been successful in 20 of the 23 patients in whom it was used. The three failures were due to technical problems.
Controlled equalization of multi-carrier CDMA in an indoor Rician fading channel (2002)

In this paper, a novel digital modulation technique called Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) is analyzed. With MC-CDMA, each data symbol is transmitted at multiple subcarriers with each subcarrier modulated by "1" or "-1" based on a spreading code. Analytical results are presented on the performance of this modulation/multiple access scheme in the downlink of an indoor wireless Rician fading channel. The performance of a controlled equalization technique that attempts to restore the orthogonality between users is evaluated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Intracerebral Hemorrhage Triggers Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-10 Release in Blood (2002)

Intracerebral hemorrhage is associated with systemic release of anti-inflammatory cytokines.
Deep Wells Bit Optimization (1997)

Abstract Case histories from Saudi Aramco fields are cited to demonstrate how enhanced rock strength calculations from open hole logs and core data, has aided Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) bit optimization. Cost per foot reduction was a challenging target to achieve with rotary, turbine or Positive Displacement Motor (PDM) in drilling deep, high temperature hard formations. Introduction With the increasing number of rigs deployed to drill deep gas production and exploration wells, Saudi Aramco has utilized state of the art PDC bits available in the market to minimize drilling costs. It is well understood that the deeper we drill, the higher the temperature and rock compressive strength. This results in higher mud weight for most cases, slower rate of penetration and thus frequent bit trips that add to the well cost. The use of PDC bits has greatly expanded over the last decade. The reason for this is that PDC bits generally drill faster, stay longer on bottom than a roller cone bit, and perform well for a wide range of difficult drilling conditions. Moreover, they are less likely to leave junk in the hole since they have no moving parts. Typically, PDC bits drill twice as fast as roller cone bits and can often replace two or three roller cone bits in places where they are successful, Since 1989, PDC bit life has increased 115% to an average of 3629 ft by mid 1995. The 13.7% annual increase in the average operational life of a PDC bit clearly explains the growing popularity of these tools. It is a common knowledge that PDC yields the best results in soft to medium formations. Unlike roller cone bits, PDC cutting action is by shearing the rock not crushing. Therefore, less weight on bit is required to shear the rock. This shearing action leads to a higher rate of penetrations in rocks like shales and limestone. PDC bits can be destroyed in hard formations such as granite or quartz or by nodular formations such as chert or pyrite. The objective is to drill a well with a minimum feasible cost at the highest standards of safety and well integrity. This can be achieved by increasing the rate of penetration (ROP) and reduce the cost per foot (CPF) by using PDC bits on rotary, PDM motor and turbine. This paper will present case histories from Saudi Aramco fields and illustrate how open hole logs, mud logs, offset bit records along with core data were utilized in analyzing the rock compressive strength and internal angle of friction to predict the drillability of the formation in order to optimize bit selection.
Magnetic shields (1970)

Magnetic shielding is interesting in static fields and in alternating fields up to circa 10kHz. Formulas of the shielding factors for single- and double-walled spherical and cylindrical shells are given, in the latter case also for fields longitudinal to the axes (double-walled shells only for static fields). For cylinders with open ends the shielding factors are represented up to 1kHz for transverse and up to 10kHz for longitudinal fields. In alternating fields interesting resonance effects are observed. Suggestions for practical application are given. Texture materials show an anomalous frequency characteristic of the shielding factor; different models for this effect are discussed. In one of these models the shielding factors of grids are treated.
Sensitivity of non-steady-state photoelectromotive force-based adaptive photodetectors and characterization techniques (1994)

The light-to-electricity conversion efficiency of the non-steady-state photoelectromotive force effect and its threshold sensitivity for the detection of phase-modulated optical signals and space-charge electric fields are evaluated. It is shown that for the optimal conditions of operation (the carrier spatial frequency is equal to the inverse diffusion length of the photocarriers, the detected frequency is higher than the cutoff frequency of the electromotive force signal, and the load resistance is higher than the resistance of the sample), the generation-recombination noise is approximately equal to the thermal noise of the sample resistance. In this case the threshold sensitivity of the adaptive photodetector without an external dc bias is independent of the parameters of the crystal used and can be only 4√2 times lower than that caused by the generation-recombination noise in a conventional photoresistor. Unlike in photodiodes and photoresistors, the output noise caused by laser intensity fluctuations is of the multiplicative type in the adaptive photodetectors.
Optical Modes of Vibration in an Ionic Crystal Sphere* (1968)

The long-wave optical modes of vibration in an ionic crystal sphere have been determined, including retardation of the Coulomb forces. These modes, which correspond to coupled excitations of phonons and photons, are also known as polaritons. Their frequencies are complex, the imaginary parts arising from both anharmonic and radiative damping; hence they are virtual modes. It is found that the mode frequencies depend on the radius of the sphere only if retardation is included. The absorption and extinction cross sections for spheres of various sizes are calculated as a function of the frequency of the incident light, and it is shown how the structure in the cross sections is related to the properties of the virtual modes. The theory is used to explain the position and width of an optical absorption peak measured in a polyethylene film containing UO2 particles.
Optimum optical local-oscillator power levels for coherent detection with photodiodes (1995)

The use of an optical local oscillator for coherent detection with a photodiode can significantly reduce the responsivity of the detector because of saturation effects. Consequently, local-oscillator shot-noise-limited operation of the detector may not be possible. This effect is analyzed and formulations are developed for the optimum optical local-oscillator power level and the resultant maximum possible signal-to-noise ratio in terms of parameters derived from the photodiode current versus the optical power response curve. An effective heterodyne responsivity that can be used as a part of the specifications when one is procuring photodiodes for use in coherent detection systems is defined.
Quiet Replacement Truck Mufflers—Product in Search of a Market (1956)

First Page
A statistical algorithm for 3D capacitance extraction (2000)

This letter deals with the problem of parasitic capacitance extraction in deep suhmicron layouts having general geometries. The presented extraction method is based on the statistical floating random walk algorithm. It employs a suitable spherical Green's function that, in a charge free region, relates the electrical field in the sphere center to the surface electrical potential.
Effects of an IL-1 receptor antagonist on acute myeloid leukemia cells. (1992)

The effect of an interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) on the proliferation of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells was investigated. The antagonist reduced the spontaneous clonogenicity of these cells as well as the clonogenicity of these cells subsequent to exposure to the antagonist. The effects of the IL-1ra on the clonogenicity of leukemia cells was observed even when the antagonist failed to inhibit DNA synthesis by the leukemia cell population as a whole. The data are consistent with the concept that the administration of IL-1ra subsequent to cytotoxic therapy has the potential of slowing the regrowth of leukemia cells thereby potentiating the effects of chemotherapy.
Effects of different supplements on splanchnic oxygen consumption and net fluxes of nutrients in sheep consuming bromegrass (<i>Bromus inermis</i>) hay <i>ad libitum</i> (1994)

Fifteen sheep (53 kg), with catheters in a hepatic vein, the portal vein and a mesenteric vein and artery, were offered a bromegrass (Bromus inermis) hay (104 g crude protein (CP), 700 g neutral-detergent fibre and 65 g acid-detergent lignin/kg dry matter (DM) ad lib. with different supplements to determine the effects on net flux of oxygen and nutrients across the portal-drained viscera (PDV) and liver. The sheep were unsupplemented (Control) or received 5 g DM/kg body weight (BW) of ground maize (M), 7 g DM/kg BW of soya-bean hulls (H) or 0.73 g DM/kg BW of a mix of feedstuffs high in rumenundegradable protein (P). Apparent digestible energy (DE) intakes were 5.3, 10.4, 10.6 and 6.7 (SE 0.74) MJ/d and apparent digestible CP intakes were 37, 50, 79 and 68 (SE 4.3) g/d for Control, M, H and P treatments respectively. Splanchnic tissue oxygen consumption rates were 0.23, 0.32, 0.30 and 0.27 (SE 0.054) mol/h, and oxidative metabolism accounted for 0.46, 0.31, 0.33 and 0.47 (SE 0.051) of DE intakes for Control, M, H and P treatments respectively. Supplements increased (P < 0.05) release of alpha-amino nitrogen (AAN) by the PDV (4.2, 17.5, 19.6 and 18.1 mmol/h for Control, M, H and P treatments respectively). Splanchnic net flux of AAN was not affected by supplement treatments. Hepatic release of urea-N was increased (P < 0.05) by supplement treatments (27, 40, 46 and 44 mmol/h for Control, M, H and P respectively); the P treatment increased (P < 0.05) and the H treatment tended (P = 0.10) to increase splanchnic release of urea-N (7, 10, 20 and 27 mmol/h for Control, M, H and P treatments respectively). Net flux of glucose across the PDV was -4.6, 1.4, -5.6 and -7.2 (SE 1.65) mmol/h for Control, M, H and P treatments respectively. Hepatic glucose released averaged 23 (SE 2.0) mmol/h and was not affected by treatment. Treatments M and H increased (P < 0.05) PDV release of propionate compared with the Control treatment (4.5, 15.5, 16.8 and 7.7 mmol/h for Control, M, H and P treatments respectively). Release of acetate by the PDV was 43, 97, 118 and 67 (SE 23.9) mmol/h for Control, M, H and P treatments respectively. In summary, different supplements of low-quality grass did not increase the efficiency of N metabolism by splanchnic tissues. Treatment P had little effect on net flux across splanchnic tissues of glucose, L-lactate, beta-hydroxybutyrate and volatile fatty acids (VFA).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Multiple sclerosis: an ańalysis of 812 cases by means of electronic data processing. (1978)

1. Introduction.- 1.1 The Need for a New Documentation System.- 1.2 Current Methods of Documentation in General Neurology.- 1.3 Documentation of Special Neurologic Diseases.- 2. Methods.- 2.1 Different Forms of Documentation.- 2.1.1 Punched Cards.- 2.1.2 Modern Methods.- 2.2 Choice of Documentation Method for Multiple Sclerosis.- 2.2.1 Development of the Documentation Sheet for Multiple Sclerosis.- 2.2.2 Handling of the Sheet.- 2.3 Quality Control of the Data.- 2.4 Management of the Forms.- 2.4.1 The Process of Registration.- 2.4.2 Description of the Program.- 2.4.3 Access to the Data.- 2.4.4 Correction of Errors.- 2.5 Analysis of the Data.- 2.6 Distribution of the Data.- 2.7 The New Set of Documentation Sheets.- 2.8 Statistical Methods.- 2.8.1 Significance Tests.- 2.8.2 Graphic Presentation.- 3. Results.- 3.1 Size of the Study.- 3.2 Comments on the Method.- 3.2.1 Analysis of Errors.- 3.2.2 The Precision of Recording.- 3.2.3 Free Text.- 3.2.4 Validity of the System.- 3.3 Documentation of Disease Course.- 3.4 Analysis of All Examinations Performed.- 3.5 Analysis of First Examinations.- 3.5.1 Month of Onset.- 3.5.2 Age at Onset, Present Age, and Differences Between Males and Females.- 3.5.3 Disturbances of the Functional Systems.- 3.5.4 Selection of Certain Groups.- 3.5.5 Statistical Analysis of Symptoms.- 3.6 Correlations.- 3.6.1 Correlation Between Mental Changes and Other Disturbances.- 3.6.2 Duration of Disease and Symptoms.- 3.6.3 Duration of Disease and Performance.- 3.6.4 Age at Onset and Performance.- 3.6.5 Disease Course and Performance.- 3.6.6 Analysis of Bouts.- 3.7 Diagnostic Classification.- 3.8 Laboratory Results.- 3.8.1 CSF Findings.- 3.8.2 Serologic Studies.- 3.9 Different Samples.- 3.9.1 The Epidemiologic Study.- 3.9.2 Subgroups.- 4. Discussion.- 4.1 Clinical Questions.- 4.1.1 Prognosis.- 4.1.2 The Problem of Diagnosis.- 4.1.3 Statistics on Signs and Symptoms.- 4.1.4 Follow-Up Examinations.- 4.2 Critical Comments on the Method.- 4.3 The Contribution of the New Documentation System to MS Research.- 5. Outlook.- 5.1 Neuropathology.- 5.2 Virology.- 5.3 Immunology.- 5.4 Relevance of CSF Findings.- 5.5 Epidemiology.- 5.6 The Standardized Medical Record.- Summary.- References.
Comparative effectiveness of different transarterial embolization therapies alone or in combination with local ablative or adjuvant systemic treatments for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (2017)

CRD42016035796 (http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO).
A method for quantitative analysis of flavor-tainting alkylphenols and aromatic thiols in fish (1988)

Simultaneous steam distillation-extraction (SDE) of fortified rainbow trout tissue resulted in greater than 95% recovery of 2-isopropylphenol, 3-isopropylphenol, 4-isopropylphenol, 2,4-diisopropylphenol, 2,5-diisopropylphenol, 3,5-diisopropylphenol, carvacrol and thymol. Lower recoveries were obtained for 2,6-diisopropylphenol (81%), thiophenol (55%), and thiocresol (85%). Analysis of concentrated extracts by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry operated in the selected ion monitoring mode allowed quantitative detection of these compounds down to 0.5 ppb based on 20 g of initial sample.
The European Equity Investment Process (2001)

A survey of 32 asset managers looks at the asset management industry9s approach to the European equity investment process. Most managers invest money following a large-cap blend style, and do not deviate substantially from popular benchmarks such as the MSCI Europe. The majority of the European equity managers have a bottom-up investment process, in which input for stock selection comes both from qualitative and quantitative analysis. Qualitative research mainly looks to the quality of the management of a company and its strategy; quantitative analysis usually is based on the key measures of profitability and valuation. There is no consensus as to a distinction between the function of an analyst and the function of a fund manager. Most European equity analysts operate on a sector basis. The interest rate cycle, inflation, economic growth, and corporate earnings growth are considered the driving factors in asset allocation. While there are differences among managers, investment approaches have a number of common features.