gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Corpus Luteum of the Primate Menstrual Cycle Is Capable of Recovering from a Transient Withdrawal of Pituitary Gonadotropin Support* (1985)

To further our understanding of the role of pituitary gonadotropin secretion in the control of corpus luteum function during the primate menstrual cycle, we have used an experimental model which enables us to directly control pituitary gonadotropin secretion throughout the luteal phase. Specifically, we have asked whether cessation of progesterone secretion, or functional luteolysis, resulting from a 3-day withdrawal of gonadotropin support, culminates in an irreversible loss of luteal responsiveness to further gonadotropic stimulation; and do the effects of gonadotropin deprivation vary with the age of the corpus luteum? Endogenous gonadotropin secretion was abolished in seven adult rhesus monkeys by placing radiofrequency lesions in the arcuate nucleus region of the medial basal hypothalamus. Endogenous gonadotropin secretion and ovulatory menstrual cycles were then restored by chronic pulsatile infusion of GnRH (1 pulse/h). Control luteal phases supported by this GnRH regimen exhibited typical plasma progesterone patterns and ranged from 14-17 days in length. In experimental cycles, endogenous gonadotropin secretion was interrupted for a 3-day period during the early (days 2-5), mid (days 8-11), or late (days 13-16) stages of the luteal phase. During the GnRH deprivation period, bioassayable and immunoreactive serum LH was undetectable. The disappearance of circulating LH was followed by a rapid fall in plasma progesterone levels regardless of the stage of the luteal phase. The restoration of gonadotropin secretion resulted in a resumption of progesterone secretion when the gonadotropin deprivation period was imposed during the early or midluteal phase. In each instance, the resumption of progesterone secretion continued for a period of time which effectively completed the typical 14- to 17-day functional lifespan of the corpus luteum of the menstrual cycle. Thus, the luteal phase was neither shortened nor lengthened by a 3-day interruption of luteal function resulting from withdrawal of gonadotropic support. When gonadotropin secretion was interrupted during the late luteal phase (days 13-16), restoration of gonadotropin secretion on day 16 did not result in resumption of progesterone secretion. Our findings confirm our earlier demonstration that progesterone secretion during the luteal phase of the non-fertile menstrual cycle is dependent on pituitary gonadotropic support.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Effect of optical amplifier noise on laser linewidth requirements in long haul optical fiber communication systems with Costas PLL receivers (1996)

The impact of optical amplifier noise is analyzed in investigating the performance of optical long-haul PSK homodyne communication systems with Costas phase locked loop (PLL) receivers. The laser linewidth requirement for an optically amplified system becomes relaxed in comparison with the system with no optical amplifier, owing to the fact that the effect of incomplete phase tracking becomes less important as a larger signal power is demanded to maintain a fixed bit-error rate. Also, it is found that the power splitting ratio regarding the power distributions for the I-arm and the Q-arm of a Costas loop can vary in a wide range without having much influence on the performance of an optically amplified system. As a matter of fact, the power penalty induced by incomplete phase tracking for a system with a large number of cascaded optical amplifiers is mainly due to the finite phase error and not due to the power splitting ratio, and this may fail a previously-reported method for finding the required laser linewidth by assigning a certain amount of power penalty that is due to the power splitting ratio.
Methane emission peaks from permafrost environments : using ultra–wideband spectroscopy, sub-surface pressure sensing and finite element solving as means of their exploration (2009)

Metan är en effektiv växthusgas som har stor betydelse för det globala klimatet. Metanemissioner från våtmarker med underliggande permafrost anses bidra väsentligt till dynamiken som styr koncentrationen av metan i atmosfären på de nordliga breddgraderna. Under nedfrysningen av marken hösten 2007 uppmättes ett stort utsläpp av metan vid en mätstation på nordöstra Grönland. Mängden metan motsvarade den totala mängden emission som uppmättes under hela sommarsäsongen. Denna rapport beskriver sökandet efter en förklaring till de oväntade mätningarna av metan. En mark-, vegetations- och atmosfärstransportmodell (SVAT), baserad på finita elementmetoden tillämpas för att simulera metanemissioner med hjälp av lufttemperaturdata från Grönland under 2007. Laboratoriemetoder utvecklas i vilka metanutsläpp från torvprov kontrolleras vid nedfrysning. För att kunna relatera det potentiella utsläppet av metan till tryckansamling vid nedfrysning används trycksensorer. På ett annat torvprov utförs mätningar med ultra wideband mikrovågor för att mäta gasdynamiken inuti provet utan att tillföra yttre störningar. Resultaten visar att SVAT-modellen inte lyckas producera ett emissionstopp då marken börjar att frysa. Trots en markant ansamling av tryck under nedfrysningen, uppkommer inte ett metanutsläpp i experimentet heller. Från torvprovet som behandlats utan yttre störningar, upptäcks istället en rad plötsliga metanutsläpp då provet börjar tina. Dessa händelser registrerades väl i signalresponsen av de stimulerade mikrovågorna samt i den uppnådda dielektriska permittiviteten. Volymen av gas, vatten och fast material bestäms med en dielektrisk mixing modell. Resultaten visar att denna metod är användbar för mätning av rörelseprocesser av gas i torv.
‘Yellow lens’ eyes of a stomiatoid deep-sea fish, <i>Malacosteus niger</i> (1982)

Bright yellow lenses were found in the eyes of the stomiatoid deep-sea fish, Malacosteus niger Ayres. The optical properties of the yellow lens and the retinal specializations in the eyes were examined. Absorption spectra of the yellow lens revealed two peaks at wavelengths 425 and 460 nm. The photoreceptors were all rods and were arranged in two superimposed layers. An astaxanthin-type retinal tapetum was observed in the pigment epithelium. Some chemical evidence is presented showing that the tapetal material is an astaxanthin ester. The ecological significance of the yellow lens is discussed in connection with that of Malacosteus' orbital light organ which has a reddish filter.
Effect of dehydroxylation of hydrothermal barium titanate on dielectric properties in polystyrene composite (2005)

Abstract In today's world, technology for capacitors has grown significantly with its requirements in the direction of better dielectric properties. Developing an ideal composite material (polymer and ceramic) for satisfying the processing parameters is of great interest for capacitor industry. In this study, chemically treated barium titanate (BT) nanocrystals were prepared and used to make ceramic–polystyrene (PS) composites. A unique methodology was used in processing these materials. Effects of the chemically treated BT, filler loading, and frequency on the dielectric properties of these composites were examined, and compared with untreated BT–PS composites. Composite dielectric constant was proportional to the volume ratio of the BT filler and remained stable at different frequencies. The experimental data show that the dielectric constant of composites made with treated BT powders can attain values 2.5 times higher than that of untreated BT–PS composites. In addition, the composite shows consistency in dielectric constant values measured at different frequencies. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Allergy, histamine 1 receptor blockers, and the risk of multiple sclerosis (2006)

These results do not support a strong link between allergic conditions and multiple sclerosis (MS) risk but suggest a possible beneficial effect of antihistamines on the onset of MS.
ATM based B-ISDN access signalling (2002)

A proposal for a preliminary signaling system, which handles ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) point-to-point connections between two users or between a user and a specialized node is discussed. A specialized node supports services which require centralized resources within the network, such as connectionless or multimedia services. An example of this preliminary signaling protocol, which has been implemented in CSELT, is presented, and in particular the signaling functions within the ATM node prototype are analyzed. Considerations for a long-term signaling system, which will have to handle a multiplicity of call configurations, transitions among them during the lifetime of a call, and reconfigurations of attribute values for a connection, are also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Matched Elastic Properties and Successful Arterial Grafting (1980)

Clinical results from medium- and small-caliber arterial bypass grafts are unsatisfactory. Since elastic properties of grafts tested experimentally have been correlated with patency results, the compliance of the human femoral artery was compared with grafts currently in use: human saphenous vein (HSV), knitted Dacron (DAC), glutaraldehyde-treated umbilical cord vein (DBM), bovine heterograft, and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). This was correlated with clinical patency data for the different conduits in the femoropopliteal position. Increased patency correlated with a decreasing disparity between host artery and graft compliance. After two years, patency rates of the more compliant materials (HSV, DBM) exceeded 80%, while less than 45% of the incompliant grafts (DAC, PTFE) remained patent. Thus, clinical performance with synthetic grafts might be improved by use of prostheses in which the viscoelastic characteristics match those of arteries more closely.
Performance of serial acquisition schemes using antenna arrays in the DS-SS system (2002)

We propose two serial schemes using antenna arrays for initial acquisition of direct sequence spread spectrum (DS-SS) signals, which can lower substantially the range of detectable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The first scheme utilizes antenna arrays to obtain simultaneously independent decision samples required for the verification process as well as to enhance the accuracy of the search mode decision by performing the search process based on the coincident detection (CD). The second scheme uses the sum of the independent decision samples from co-phased matched filters (MFs) corresponding to antenna elements as a decision variable in order to enhance the SNR of the resulting signal. Their mean acquisition time performance under the Gaussian channel is analyzed. We show that the acquisition performance of the proposed schemes becomes improved continually as the number of antenna increases.
Rin1 Interacts with Signal-transducing Adaptor Molecule (STAM) and Mediates Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Trafficking and Degradation (2007)

Rin1, the prototype of a new family of multidomain Rab5 exchange factors, has been shown to play an important role in the endocytosis of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Herein, we examined the role of Rin1 in the down-regulation of EGFR following EGF stimulation. We observed that overexpression of Rin1 accelerates EGFR degradation in EGF-stimulated cells. In concordance, depletion of endogenous Rin1 by RNA interference resulted in a substantial reduction of EGFR degradation. We showed that Rin1 interacts with signal-transducing adaptor molecule 2 (STAM2), a protein that associates with hepatocyte growth factor-regulated substrate and plays a key role in the endosomal sorting machinery. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-Rin1 co-localizes with hemagglutinin (HA)-STAM2 and with endogenous hepatocyte growth factor-regulated substrate. Furthermore, wild type STAM2, but not a deletion mutant lacking the SH3 domain, co-immunoprecipitates with endogenous Rin1. This interaction is dependent on the proline-rich domain (PRD) of Rin1 as Rin1DeltaPRD, a mutant lacking the PRD, does not interact with STAM2. Moreover, EGFR degradation was not accelerated by expression of the Rin1DeltaPRD mutant. Together these results suggest that Rin1 regulates EGFR degradation in cooperation with STAM, defining a novel role for Rin1 in regulating endosomal trafficking.
Effect of Variable Length Intake Manifold on a Turbocharged Multi-Cylinder Diesel Engine (2013)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents the results of a study on the effect of using a continuously variable length intake runner (intake manifold) on Turbocharged multi-cylinder diesel engines. While there is a large amount of data available for naturally aspirated engines, no reliable source was found for the effect of varying the length of intake runner for Turbocharged engines. This study was done for relatively low-speed off-highway diesel engines.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The study is based on the results of one-dimensional engine models simulated in AVL BOOST<sup><b>TM</b></sup> engine simulation software. A simplified engine model has been used for the single cylinder naturally aspirated engine, to demonstrate the effects of varying intake runner effective length. The multi cylinder study is based on validated model of a 12 cylinder 1000hp turbocharged diesel engine. It has been found that multi-cylinder turbocharged diesel engines are more responsive to intake runner length variations than naturally aspirated engines.</div></div>
[Verification of the protective effect of a toxoid vaccine against edema disease of weaned piglets in an infection model]. (1989)

105 piglets (56 vaccinated and 49 control animals) were utilized in 6 consecutive experiments. Each used litter was divided randomly into vaccine and control animals. One week prior to weaning each of the 56 piglets of the vaccine groups received 5 mg of nonpurified toxin treated with glutaraldehyd subcutaneously whereas to the remaining 49 control animals an extract of apathogenic E. coli was administered. During the first 12 hours post weaning each of the 105 piglets was challenged perorally with 10(10) cfu of edema principle toxin producing germs of E. coli serogroup O 139. 23 animals of the control groups (46.9%) and one animal of vaccine groups (1.8%) died due to the infection between days four and five post challenge. These control animals showed classical clinical symptoms as well as pathological findings typical for edema disease. In contrast, such findings as mentioned before could not be observed in the vaccinated piglets. The remaining part of the control animals and eight of those vaccinated ones exhibited edema disease symptoms. The vaccinated animals have shed the challenge strain one to three days, while the survivals of control groups shed those germs for two to six days. The vaccinated piglets showed a better growth rate than the remaining control animals. Presented data suggest that our toxoid immunizing procedure can be used successfully against edema disease of swine.
Error repair in shift-reduce parsers (1995)

Local error repair of strings during CFG parsing requires the insertion and deletion of symbols in the region of a syntax error to produce a string that is error free. Rather than precalculating tables at parser generation time to assist in finding such repairs, this article shows how such repairs can be found during shift-reduce parsing by using the parsing tables themselves. This results in a substantial space saving over methods that require precalculated tables. Furthermore, the article shows how the method can be integrated with lookahead to avoid finding repairs that immediately result in further syntax errors. The article presents the results of experiments on a version of the LALR(1)-based parser generator Bison to which the algorithm was added.
Aerosolized Particle Reduction: A Novel Cadaveric Model and a Negative Airway Pressure Respirator (NAPR) System to Protect Health Care Workers From COVID‐19 (2020)

We present a new and effective method for the study of small-particle aerosols as a step toward better understanding the spread of these particles and the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019. We also present the concept of an NAPR to better protect health care workers from aerosols generated from the upper and lower airways.
Young-adult carriers of<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>in Puglia (Italy): Will the pattern of circulating meningococci change following the introduction of meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccines? (2010)

Studies of meningococcal carriage are essential in improving knowledge of the epidemiology of meningococcal disease. The aim of this study is to ascertain the carrier rate and the serogroups of Neisseria Meningitidis circulating in a sample of students from the University of Bari. The population consisted of university students from the University of Bari - School of Medicine, who were invited to take a nasopharyngeal swab. The swabs were plated on selective plate medium; cultural and MLST tests were performed. Of 583 university students 12 carriers were identified (2%). 9 isolates proved auto-agglutinable. The other strains belonged to serogroups B, W135 and Y. Auto-agglutinable strains belonged to different clonal complexes, of which ST-53 was the most common. Only one strain, that belonged to ST-23/cluster A3 clonal complex, could cause meningococcal disease. No type C serogroup strain was detected and this could be directly related to immunization policies that provided meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccines for newborns and adolescents. The changing pattern of circulating serogroups of Neisseria meningitidis in healthy carriers could support a new immunization strategy which could provide quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccines to pre-adolescents and adults.
A micromachined thin-film Teflon electret microphone (2002)

This paper reports the fabrication and characterization of the first micromachined one-micron-thick thin-film Teflon electret condenser microphone. The microphone uses a new MEMS-compatible thin-film Teflon electret technology, first reported at Hilton Head (1996). The millimeter-scale electret microphone has very low stray capacitance, is self-biasing, mass producible, arrayable, integrable with on-chip electronics, structurally simple and extremely stable over time in the ordinary environment. The dynamic range is from 60 to above 110 dB SPL (re. 20 /spl mu/Pa) and the sensitivity is on the order of 0.2 mV/Pa over the frequency range 100 Hz-10 kHz.
The tumor biology of melanoma nodal metastases. (1996)

Approximately 20 per cent of melanomas greater than 0.76 mm in thickness will metastasize to the regional lymph nodes if treated with wide local excision alone (WLE). Elective lymph node dissection (ELND) is associated with significant morbidity, which includes lymphedema, wound complications, and paresthesias of the extremity. An alternative operative approach uses selective lymphadenectomy with the identification of the sentinel node, defined as the first node in the lymphatic basin that drains the primary cutaneous site. This study consisted of 132 patients with melanomas greater than 0.76 mm. One hundred nine patients (83%) had histologic negative sentinel nodes, and 23 patients (17%) had one or more sentinel nodes positive for disease. In patients with metastatic disease, 30/35 (86%) sentinel nodes were positive, and 25/357 (7%) nonsentinel nodes were positive (P < 0.001). In 18 patients (78%) of the 23 patients with metastatic disease, the sentinel node was the only node positive, strongly suggesting that there is an orderly progression of metastases. Two patients developed metastatic nodal disease after removal of a negative sentinel node (false negative rate = 1.5). The mean follow-up was 1 year. Sentinel node histology reflects the histology of the remainder of the nodes in the lymphatic basin and "skip" metastases, defined as a negative sentinel node but positive nodes higher in the regional chain positive for metastases or an axillary recurrence after a negative sentinel node biopsy, are rare for malignant melanoma. Harvesting the sentinel node in patients with intermediate or greater thickness melanoma will, therefore, identify a subset of patients with metastatic disease who have the most to benefit from a complete node dissection. This surgical approach allows for complete pathological staging and therapeutic management of patients while significantly reducing expense and overall morbidity.
A longitudinal study of circulating progesterone, oestradiol, hCG and hPL during pregnancy in type 1 diabetic mothers (1989)

Serum progesterone, oestradiol, human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and human placental lactogen (hPL) were determined serially throughout 27 pregnancies in insulin-dependent diabetic patients from Newcastle (UK), 15 such patients from Stockholm (Sweden) and in 69 normal women having uncomplicated pregnancies. Mean progesterone, oestradiol and hCG concentrations were somewhat higher in the diabetic women during the third trimester but hPL values were not different from normal. The increased hormone concentrations did not relate to the increased birthweights or placental weights in the diabetic women. It is suggested that the usual physiological endocrine changes during normal pregnancy are relatively undisturbed by insulin-dependent diabetes or the degree of diabetes control achieved.
[Focal fibrous mesothelioma of the pleura (a morphological study of 7 cases]. (1989)

Seven focal pleural tumours are studied histochemically, immunohistochemically and electron microscopically (EM). A great variety of histological and EM structures was found: areas resembling fibromas, fibrous histiocytomas, hemangiopericytomas, etc. The EM signs of the abortive mesothelial differentiation were found in the tumour cells. The use of the term "localised fibrous mesothelioma" seems to be justified. It is necessary to distinguish morphologically diffuse mesothelioma and localised fibrous mesothelioma that possess different clinical course and prognosis.
Endoscopic and bacteriological findings in a chronic outbreak of strangles (2000)

Recently there has been increased awareness of the role of the carrier state in propagating Streptococcus equi var equi (S equi) infections (strangles), although the anatomical location of the organisms in chronic carriers has not been consistently established. This case report describes a chronic strangles outbreak in a riding school, that was monitored over six months by repeated clinical and endoscopic guttural pouch examinations. All asymptomatic horses that had positive S equi cultures on nasal swabs or guttural pouch lavages were found to have lesions in their guttural pouches. These lesions included empyema, chondroids and previously undescribed chronic discharging lesions on the floor of the medical compartment of the guttural pouches. These observations further support previous studies indicating the importance of investigating the guttural pouches in horses suspected to be asymptomatic carriers of this organism.