gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nerve growth factor regulation of choline acetyltransferase gene expression in rat embryo basal forebrain cultures (1992)

Nerve growth factor (NGF) increases the activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the synthetic enzyme for acetylcholine, in rat basal forebrain neurons both in vivo and in vitro. In poly(A)+ RNA isolated from cultures prepared from the embryonic (E15) rat basal forebrain, radiolabeled probes from the human ChAT gene detected a 3,700 nt and a less abundant 2,300 nt transcript. After growth in the presence of NGF, the abundance of both mRNAs was increased approximately twofold, paralleling the increase in ChAT enzyme activity. In vivo, the human ChAT probes detected a single 3,700 nt form of ChAT mRNA in both embryonic and adult rat basal forebrain. These results suggest that the NGF-mediated increase in ChAT activity in basal forebrain cultures is regulated at the transcriptional level.
Direct-write microfabrication of single-chamber micro solid oxide fuel cells (2007)

Single-chamber micro solid oxide fuel cells (SC-µSOFCs) are promising systems for portable power generation. Here we report the direct-write microfabrication and electrochemical testing of SC-µSOFCs in the single-face configuration which consists of closely spaced interdigitated electrodes on an electrolyte substrate. In direct-write microfabrication, powdered electrode materials are first synthesized into inks which are subsequently extruded through a micronozzle onto an electrolyte plate mounted on a robot-controlled platform. The microfabricated structures are then sintered to remove the organic components of the inks and to obtain porous electrodes. Processing–structure relationships were obtained using systematic experimentation for the direct-write microfabrication of nickel oxide–yttria stabilized zirconia (NiO–YSZ) anodes and lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM) cathodes on an YSZ electrolyte. Single-chamber µSOFCs were fabricated with interdigitated electrodes of a few hundred microns in size. When tested in a fuel–air mixture (methane-to-oxygen ratio Rmix = 2) at a furnace temperature of 700 °C, the cells exhibited an open circuit voltage of 800 mV and a peak power density of ∼1 mW cm−2. Implications for the use of these devices for portable power generation are discussed.
Effect of Hemodialysis on Left Ventricular Performance (1984)

To assess the effect of hemodialysis on left ventricular performance, we performed M-mode echocardiography on 31 patients with end-stage renal disease prior to and immediately following 4-hour chronic maintenance hemodialysis. Overall, hemodialysis produced a significant increase in mean heart rate and the mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (mean Vcf), a significant decrease in mean stroke index and no significant change in mean cardiac index. Hemodialysis resulted in a significant increase in mean Vcf in the subset of patients with reduced mean Vcf prior to dialysis, but produced no significant change in mean Vcf in the group with normal predialysis mean Vcf. Hemodialysis resulted in a significant increase in mean Vcf in the subset of patients with normal left ventricular end-diastolic volume prior to dialysis, but produced no significant change in mean Vcf in the group with increased predialysis left ventricular end-diastolic volume. The presence of left ventricular hypertrophy appeared to blunt the expected increase in mean Vcf in the group with reduced mean Vcf prior to hemodialysis. These results suggest that predialysis left ventricular volume, wall thickness and contractility are important determinants of the effect of hemodialysis on left ventricular performance.
Depolarization of external optical feedback on VCSEL and variation of relative intensity noise (2007)

By using of optical depolarizer, polarization dependence of external optical feedback on VCSEL is drastically reduced. Relative intensity noise and transmission characteristics of VCSEL are experimentally investigated under various polarization states of external optical feedback.
Refractive index modulation in polymers bearing photoreactive phenyl and naphthyl ester units using different UV wavelengths (2009)

Tuning and patterning of the refractive index in polymeric films is of importance for modern optical applications such as wave guiding and optical data storage. In this contribution, we report on the synthesis of new photoreactive polymers bearing aryl esters which undergo the photo-Fries rearrangement to give aromatic hydroxyketones. Poly(norbornene)-based polymers bearing naphthyl ester groups (poly-2) and copolymers bearing both phenyl and naphthyl ester groups (poly(1-co-2)) were prepared by ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The photochemistry of these polymers under irradiation with UV light of either 254 nm or 313 nm was investigated. The photoreaction causes an increase of the refractive index in poly-2 between Δn589 = +0.022 and +0.048 depending on the irradiation wavelength. The copolymer poly(1-co-2) offers the possibilities of selectively exciting either the naphthyl ester with UV light of 313 nm causing an increase in the refractive index of Δn589 = 0.010, or both the naphthyl and phenyl chromophores with UV light of 254 nm (Δn589 = 0.036). When thin films of poly(1-co-2) already irradiated with 313 nm light are subjected to a second illumination step with 254 nm light, a significant decrease of the refractive index (Δn589 = −0.043) is observed. The reason for this behaviour seems to arise from the formation of different photoproducts depending on the irradiation sequence. Thus the final refractive index can be adjusted to values between n589 = 1.564 to n589 = 1.633. The two step illumination procedure provides the possibility of erasing and even inverting the index contrast generated during the first illumination step.
Auszug aus FCL Magazine special issue, Constructing Alternatives, Research Projects 2012-2015 (2015)

ISSN:2339-5427
Stabilization of the energy characteristics of a cw technological electron-beam-controlled CO<sub>2</sub>laser by means of silica gel (1983)

A promising method is suggested for regeneration of the active mixture of high-power technological electron-beam-controlled CO2 lasers by adsorption on silica gel of nitrogen oxide impurities formed during an electron-beam-controlled discharge. It is reported that the use of silica gel makes it possible to stabilize the energy characteristics of lasers of this kind more effectively than by catalytic regeneration and this can be achieved at the expense of considerably lower (by more than one order of magnitude) energy losses.
Human HOX gene disorders (2013)

The Hox genes are an evolutionarily conserved family of genes, which encode a class of important transcription factors that function in numerous developmental processes. Following their initial discovery, a substantial amount of information has been gained regarding the roles Hox genes play in various physiologic and pathologic processes. These processes range from a central role in anterior-posterior patterning of the developing embryo to roles in oncogenesis that are yet to be fully elucidated. In vertebrates there are a total of 39 Hox genes divided into 4 separate clusters. Of these, mutations in 10 Hox genes have been found to cause human disorders with significant variation in their inheritance patterns, penetrance, expressivity and mechanism of pathogenesis. This review aims to describe the various phenotypes caused by germline mutation in these 10 Hox genes that cause a human phenotype, with specific emphasis paid to the genotypic and phenotypic differences between allelic disorders. As clinical whole exome and genome sequencing is increasingly utilized in the future, we predict that additional Hox gene mutations will likely be identified to cause distinct human phenotypes. As the known human phenotypes closely resemble gene-specific murine models, we also review the homozygous loss-of-function mouse phenotypes for the 29 Hox genes without a known human disease. This review will aid clinicians in identifying and caring for patients affected with a known Hox gene disorder and help recognize the potential for novel mutations in patients with phenotypes informed by mouse knockout studies.
The Potential of Composite Cognitive Scores for Tracking Progression in Huntington's Disease (2014)

Composite scores developed using appropriate statistical modelling techniques have the potential to materially reduce required sample sizes for randomised controlled trials.
Kinetic study of naphthalene biodegradation in aerobic slurry phase reactor (2003)

The research was focused on the slurry-phase biodegradation of naphthalene in soil. Among ex-situ techniques, the slurry-phase technique offers the advantage to increase the availability of contaminants to bacteria. From soil samples collected on a contaminated site, the Pseudomonas putida M8 strain capable to degrade naphthalene was selected. Experiments were performed in a stirred and oxygenated reactor. In this study the influence of air flow rate on volatilisation and biodegradation of naphthalene was investigated. The hydrocarbon disappearance, the carbon dioxide production, and the ratio of total heterotrophic and naphthalene-degrading bacteria were monitored. The results obtained confirm that the selected bioremediation technology is successful in treating contaminated soils.
Complex reflection coefficients of p- and s-polarized light at the pseudo-Brewster angle of a dielectric–conductor interface (2013)

The complex Fresnel reflection coefficients r(p) and r(s) of p- and s-polarized light and their ratio ρ=r(p)/r(s) at the pseudo-Brewster angle (PBA) φ(pB) of a dielectric-conductor interface are evaluated for all possible values of the complex relative dielectric function ε=|ε|exp(-jθ)=ε(r)-jε(i), ε(i)>0 that share the same φ(pB). Complex-plane trajectories of r(p), r(s), and ρ at the PBA are presented at discrete values of φ(pB) from 5° to 85° in equal steps of 5° as θ is increased from 0° to 180°. It is shown that for φ(pB)>70° (high-reflectance metals in the IR) r(p) at the PBA is essentially pure negative imaginary and the reflection phase shift δ(p)=arg(r(p))≈-90°. In the domain of fractional optical constants (vacuum UV or light incidence from a high-refractive-index immersion medium) 0<φ(pB)<45° and r(p) is pure real negative (δ(p)=π) when θ=tan(-1)(√(cos(2φ(pB)))), and the corresponding locus of ε in the complex plane is obtained. In the limit of ε(i)=0, ε(r)<0 (interface between a dielectric and plasmonic medium) the total reflection phase shifts δ(p), δ(s), Δ=δ(p)-δ(s)=arg(ρ) are also determined as functions of φ(pB).
Investigating properties of surfaces and thin films using microsphere whispering-gallery modes (2008)

We use a tunable diode laser operating near 1570 nm to investigate various effects of the heat transfer from fused-silica microspheres, with and without thin-film coatings, to the surrounding gas in a vacuum chamber. The resonance frequencies of microsphere whispering-gallery modes (WGMs), excited by a tapered-fiber coupler, shift with changing temperature (about -1.6 GHz/K at 1570 nm). This shift, primarily due to the temperature dependence of the refractive index of fused silica, enables the measurements whose results are reported here: determination of the thermal accommodation coefficient of air on different surfaces, and measurement of the optical absorption coefficients of surface water layers and of a thin film coating. Our method for determining thermal accommodation coefficients involves deducing the thermal conductivity of the air as a function of pressure by measuring the relaxation rate of an externally heated microsphere to room temperature. Then, in a separate experiment, by observing thermal optical bistability of the WGM resonances caused by absorption of the probe laser, the contribution of water or film absorption to the total loss is found.
The Evaluation of External Radiation Exposure dose rate for Radium-223 Dichloride (2015)

2638 Objectives Ra-223 is used for the medicine of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and which emits α-ray of 2 Mev that is used for therapy. However Ra-223 emits β-ray of 3.6% and γ-ray of 1.1%(80,156,270 kev) aside from α-ray in decay. Therefore we would like to evaluate external radiation expose dose rate of γ-ray of Ra-223. Methods We calculated external radiation expose dose rate using γ-constant of Ra-223, 99mTc based on ICRP 107. Ra-223 of 3.5 MBq and 99mTc of 740 MBq were applied. external radiation expose dose rate 15 times from 1 cm, 1m by survey meter Results γ-contant of Ra-223, 99mTc from 1m distance based on ICRP 107 is 0.0469, 0.0215. calculated value of external radiation expose dose rate was 16 ㎲v, 34 ㎲v which activity is Ra-223 of 3.5 MBq and 99mTc of 740 MBq from 1 m . measured mean value of 10 cm distance was 120 ㎲v/h , 1810 ㎲v/h. and which of 1 m was 0.7 ㎲v/h, 18 ㎲v/h . Conclusions : γ-constant of 223-Ra is higher than 99mTc based on ICRP 107. however calculated maximum external radiation expose dose rate of 223-Ra is lower than 99mTc due to actually used quantity of activity of Ra-223 is small. measured value of Ra-223 is also lower than 99mTc. Therefore external radiation expose dose rate of γ-ray of Ra-223 is very low.
Structure and function of the enhancer 3′ to the human<sup>A</sup>γ, globin gene (1990)

An enhancer is located immediately 3′ to the A gamma globin gene. We have used DNase I footprinting to map the sites of interaction of nuclear proteins with the DNA sequences of this enhancer. Eight footprints were discovered, distributed over 600 base pairs of DNA. Three of these contain a consensus binding site for the erythroid specific factor GATA-I. Each of these GATA-1 sites had an enhancer activity when inserted into a reporter plasmid and tested in human erythroleukemia cells. Other footprints within the enhancer contained consensus binding sequences for the ubiquitous, positive regulatory proteins AP2 and CBP-1. An Sp1-like recognition sequence was also identified. Synthetic oligonucleotides encompassing two of the footprints generated a slowly migrating complex in gel mobility shift assays. The same complex forms on a fragment of the human gamma globin gene promoter extending from −260 to −200. The DNasel footprint of this protein complex with the enhancer overlapped a sequence, AGGAGGA, found within the binding site for a protein that interacts with the chicken beta globin promoter and enhancer, termed the stage selector element. We propose that this complex of proteins may be involved in the human gamma globin promoter-enhancer interaction.
Synthesis and stability of o,o′‐dimethoxybenzoyl peroxide (1954)

Abstract o,o′‐Dimethoxybenzoyl peroxide (97% purity) has been synthesized in a 50% overall yield from salicylic acid. The compound has been found to be thermally unstable and shock sensitive
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Unsaturated Very Long Chain Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ex vivo and in vivo evaluation of the blood compatibility of surface‐modified polyurethane catheters (1997)

Catheter model tubes were prepared from a medical-grade polyetherurethane and their outer surfaces modified by surface-graft polymerization of acrylamide and dimethyl acrylamide (DMAA). The surface-graft layer was characterized by means of dry staining, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and protein adsorption. Ex vivo evaluation for the blood compatibility of the surface-modified polyurethane was carried out using the polyurethane tube as an arterio-venous shunt between the carotid artery and the jugular vein of rabbits. When the surface density of grafted polymer was in the range of 10–30 μg/cm2, the in vitro adsorption of IgG exhibited a minimum value and platelet adhesion to the grafted polyurethane surface was insignificant, in marked contrast with that to the virgin (nonmodified) surface. The in vivo blood compatibility of polyurethane was evaluated by implanting the catheter tube in the inferior vena cava of rabbits from the femoral vein after ligation of a distal site of the exposed femoral vein. After remaining there for predetermined periods of time, the implanted catheters were taken out together with the veins of the rabbits that had been heparinized and sacrificed just prior to excision of the veins. After exchange of the blood in the veins for saline, the excised veins were opened by cutting longitudinally to inspect for clot formations on the surfaces of the implanted catheters. Occlusion of the inferior vena cava was not observed for any of the catheters, nor was there any apparent damage or microembolizations in the lungs and kidneys. Many small-sized clots were observed on the surfaces of the nonmodified polyurethane tubes after a 2-week implantation whereas the catheter surfaces grafted with DMAA polymer chains had a much smaller number of clots. When the blood compatibility of polyurethane surfaces was graded for relative evaluation from one (marked clotting) to five (no clotting) based on the size and number of the clots, the evaluation results were as follows: 3.1 (virgin, 2 weeks), 4.0 (grafted, 1 week), 4.1 (grafted, 2 weeks), and 3.5 (grafted, 1 month). © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Surface of Special Points of Feynman's Diagram; POVERKHNOST OSOBYKH TOCHEK DIAGRAMMY FEINMANA (1962)

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most frequent bacterial infections in the community and health care setting. Mostly young and, to some extent, postmenopausal women are affected by recurrent UTI (rUTI) defined as ≥3 UTI/year. On the other hand rUTI are frequently found in patients with complicating urological factors, e.g. urinary catheters. Modifiable predisposing factors in uncomplicated rUTI in women are rare. Continuous antibiotic prophylaxis or postcoital prophylaxis, if there is close correlation with sexual intercourse, are most effective to prevent rUTI. Nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim (or cotrimoxazole), and fosfomycin trometamol are available as first-line drugs. Oral cephalosporins and quinolones should be restricted to specific indications. Antibiotic prophylaxis reduces the number of uropathogens in the gut and/or vaginal flora and reduces bacterial"fitness". Given the correct indication, the recurrence rate of rUTI can be reduced by about 90%. In postmenopausal patients vaginal substitution of oestriol should be started first. Oral or parenteral immunoprophylaxis is another option in patients with rUTI. Other possibilities with varying scientific evidence are prophylaxis with cranberries or probiotics. The prophylaxis of catheter-associated UTI or asymptomatic bacteriuria should employ strategies which result in a reduction of frequency and duration of catheter drainage of the urinary tract. The currently available catheter materials have only little influence on reducing catheter-associated rUTI.
The Feasibility and Profitability of Ancillary Services Provision from Multi-MicroGrids (2007)

Because of the ever-increasing energy demand and petrol shortage one resorts to renewable energy supplies. Together with the advantages of having the generation sources physically close to the energy demand Microgrid has become a topical research area in recent years. A microgrid is capable of operating in parallel to the main power network or in intentional islanded mode. Such microgrids usually consist of several small coordinated generation units located closely together in the distribution network. The units can be solar, wind, CHP (Combined Heat and Power), fuel cells, etc. and are small in capacity. In a big physical region there can exist multiple micro- grids. Apart from participating in energy markets, an alternative of making profit is to take part in the Ancillary Services (AS) market. This study investigates the technical feasibility and difficulties of providing such services as well as the potential profitability of participating in the AS markets based on a setup of multiple microgrids.
Materials Requirements for Advanced Propulsion Systems (2005)

NASA's mission to reach the Moon and Mars will be obtained only if research begins now to develop materials with expanded capabilities to reduce mass, cost and risk to the program. Current materials cannot function satisfactorily in the deep space environments and do not meet the requirements of long term space propulsion concepts for manned missions. Directed research is needed to better understand materials behavior for optimizing their processing. This research, generating a deeper understanding of material behavior, can lead to enhanced implementation of materials for future exploration vehicles. materials providing new approaches for manufacture and new options for In response to this need for more robust materials, NASA's Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD) has established a strategic research initiative dedicated to materials development supporting NASA's space propulsion needs. The Advanced Materials for Exploration (AME) element directs basic and applied research to understand material behavior and develop improved materials allowing propulsion systems to operate beyond their current limitations. This paper will discuss the approach used to direct the path of strategic research for advanced materials to ensure that the research is indeed supportive of NASA's future missions to the moon, Mars, and beyond.
Using problem descriptions to represent variabilities for context-aware applications (2007)

This paper investigates the potential use of problem descriptions to represent and analyse variability in context-aware software products. By context-aware, we refer to recognition of changes in properties of external domains, which are recognised as affecting the behaviour of products. There are many reasons for changes in the operating environment, from fluctuating resources upon which the product relies, to different operating locations or the presence of objects. There is an increasing expectation for software intensivedevices to be context-aware which, in turn, adds further variability to problem description and analysis. However, we argue in this paper that the capture of contextual variability on current variability representations and analyses has yet to be explored. We illustrate the representation of this type of variability in a pilot study, and conclude with lessons learnt and an agenda for further work.
Potential of Low-Power Thermionic Devices for Terrestrial Applications (1967)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Electron energy distributions measured during electron beam/plasma interactions (1980)

In the large vacuum facility at the NASA‐Johnson Space Center an electron beam was projected ˜ 20 m parallel to B from a gun with variable accelerating potential (1.0 to 2.5kV) to an aluminum target. The ionospheric neutral pressure and field were approximated. Beam electron energy distributions were measured directly using an electrostatic deflection analyzer and indirectly with a detector that responded to the X‐rays produced by electron impact on the target. At low currents the distribution is sharply peaked at the acceleration potential. At high currents a beam plasma discharge occurs and electrons are redistributed in energy so that the former energy peak broadens to 10‐15 percent FWHM with a strongly enhanced low energy tail. At the 10% of maximum point the energy spectrum ranges from < ½ to ∼ 1.2 times the gun energy. The effect is qualitatively the same at all pitch angles and locations sampled.