gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The formation mechanism of dissipation movement on the earth surface (2000)

By analyzing the dynamic features of the earth surface, this paper puts forward the concept of dissipation movement according to the principle of entropy flow. Then it explains the formation mechanism, the internal and external circumstances and the background of infinite degree of freedom of the dissipation movement on the earth surface. Finally it concludes that the dissipation movement on the earth surface is the origin of evolution.
RFPA Nonlinearity Compensation with MIMO Diversity for Indoor Channels (2018)

The multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) technology has become an essential element for 4G/5G wireless communication systems to achieve the necessities of higher data rates and communication reliability. Radio frequency power amplifier (RFPA) is the critical source of power consumption in such systems and produces nonlinear distortion due to its saturation property. This nonlinearity impairment is required to be essentially compensated as it further degrades the block error rate (BLER), error vector magnitude (EVM) and throughput performance of the data transmission through the wireless communication system due to which the advantages of MIMO systems like diversity gain and multiplexing gain cannot be fully achieved. This paper analyzes the effect of RFPA nonlinearity compensation using digital predistortion (DPD) with different MIMO configurations for the propagation conditions in the urban cities having very high traffic using MIMO diversity scheme. The paper establishes that better data rates as well as reliable data communication is achieved with higher order MIMO configurations. Moreover, RFPA nonlinearity compensation provides 6 times improvement in BLER, 2.77 times in throughput and about 2 times improvement in EVM measurements with MIMO 4×1 diversity at 15 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
Broadband transition between air-filled waveguide and substrate integrated waveguide (2006)

A Ka-band broadband transition between an air-filled waveguide and a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is proposed. The transition is realised by using a radial probe inserted into the height-tapered metal waveguide. Results show that an insertion loss less than 2.5 dB and a return loss better than 14 dB in the frequency band 28.3–39.5 GHz are obtained for a back-to-back structure.
Mechanism of Activation of an Immunosuppressive Drug:  Azathioprine. Quantum Chemical Study on the Reaction of Azathioprine with Cysteine (2001)

Azathioprine is an important drug used in the therapy of autoimmune disorders and in preventing graft rejection. Its molecule is composed of two main moieties: mercaptopurine and imidazole derivative. It is an immunosuppressive agent whose biological activity results from its in vivo mercaptolysis mediated by a nucleophilic attack on the C(5i) atom of imidazole ring of the azathioprine molecule. Solvation model SM5.4 with the PM3 Hamiltonian have been applied to model the reaction of azathioprine with cysteine. The employed quantum mechanical method shed new light on the mechanism of the reaction of azathioprine with cysteine in aqueous solution. The obtained results indicated that the first step in the reaction most likely involves the nucleophilic attack of the COO(-) of cysteine on the C(5i) atom of the imidazole ring of azathioprine, followed by a subsequent intramolecular attack of the SH group of the cysteine residue. It was shown that biogenic thiols such as glutathione or cysteine facilitate the first and crucial step of azathioprine metabolism, due to the presence of COO(-), SH, and NH(3)(+) groups in their molecules.
MPEG video transcoding to a fine-granular scalable format (2003)

The principle for elastic storage of compressed multimedia content has been introduced. It is based on the combination of a random-access storage medium and a bit rate scaling method. When the storage medium is full, the bit rate of the content that has been previously stored is reduced allowing additional content to be stored. For compressed video, the bit rate can be reduced thanks to well known bit rate transcoding techniques. However, these techniques suffer from complexity problems in the scope of elastic storage application and do not present good performance in terms of resulting picture quality because transcoding is applied several times on the same video. An alternative technique referred to as transcoding to a SNR scalable format is introduced in this paper. Based on the fine granular scalability (FGS) proposed in the MPEG-4 standard, it has been adapted to our transcoding problem. Compared to the bit rate transcoding approach, the proposed solution presents better resulting picture quality and does not suffer from complexity problems when bit rate reduction of multiple streams is required.
Stem Versus Foliar Uptake During Propagation of Petunia ×hybrida Vegetative Cuttings (2009)

Nutrient uptake during adventitious root formation is not clearly understood, resulting in variable fertilization strategies in propagation and increased potential for nutrient deficiency or nutrient runoff. The objective was to quantify rooting response to fertility treatments and tissue nutrient concentration changes in response to basal or apical nutrient supply during three rooting phases in propagation of Petunia × hybrida ‘Supertunia Royal Velvet’ and ‘Supertunia Priscilla’ stem tip cuttings. One of two treatments [a complete fertilizer solution (in mg·L −1 ) 56 NO 3 -N, 19 NH 4 -N, 13 phosphorus, 88 potassium, 39 calcium, 28 magnesium, 20 sulfur, 11 sodium, 1.1 iron, 0.5 manganese, 0.5 zinc, 0.25 copper, 0.29 boron, 0.1 molybdenum, and 0.01 aluminum] or clear tap water was applied to the cuttings. Tissue N–P–K concentrations declined as plant development increased from Stage 0 to 3 regardless of fertilizer treatment or location applied. Foliar application of N–P–K during propagation maintained tissue nutrient concentration at higher levels before Stage 2 (initial root emergence) compared with plants that received clear water only; however, overall, a decline in concentration was measured from Stage 1 to Stage 3. Measurable N–P–K uptake occurred during root development from the foliar and basal portions of the cuttings. Basal fertilizer applications resulted in increased root length and root number compared with plants treated with clear water. These results emphasize that nutrient uptake occurs from both the stem and foliar portion of Petunia cuttings, and nutrient availability at the stem base at root emergence improves root development.
Role of oxygen radicals in the phototoxicity of tetracyclines toward Escherichia coli B (1987)

Photoillumination of tetracycline derivatives with low-intensity (320- to 400-nm) light and visible light generated superoxide, observed as the reduction of ferricytochrome c. The rate of reduction was dependent on the tetracycline concentration and on the derivative being examined, with doxycycline greater than or equal to demeclocycline greater than tetracycline greater than oxytetracycline. Tetracycline-mediated cytochrome c reduction was oxygen dependent and inhibited up to 70% by superoxide dismutase. Illuminated tetracyclines were lethal to Escherichia coli B incubated in a glucose minimal medium containing chloramphenicol. This lethality was light dependent, oxygen dependent, and dependent on the concentration of tetracycline. Kill rates also varied according to the derivative under study, with doxycycline greater than or equal to demeclocycline greater than tetracycline greater than oxytetracycline. The addition of superoxide dismutase and catalase to the incubation medium partially protected E. coli B against the light-dependent lethality. Preinduction of intracellular superoxide dismutase and catalase substantially protected E. coli B against the phototoxicity of tetracyclines. Iron EDTA augmented the phototoxicity of tetracyclines, while diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid protected against their lethality. Hydroxyl radical scavengers also conferred protection against tetracycline phototoxicity. The extent of protection was in order of the in vitro reactivity of the scavengers with the hydroxyl radical. These results indicate that superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and the hydroxyl radical are generated by illuminated tetracyclines and are molecular agents of tetracycline phototoxicity in E. coli B.
Characterization of the <i>dead ringer</i> Gene Identifies a Novel, Highly Conserved Family of Sequence-Specific DNA-Binding Proteins (1996)

We reported the identification of a new family of DNA-binding proteins from our characterization of the dead ringer (dri) gene of Drosophila melanogaster. We show that dri encodes a nuclear protein that contains a sequence-specific DNA-binding domain that bears no similarity to known DNA-binding domains. A number of proteins were found to contain sequences homologous to this domain. Other proteins containing the conserved motif include yeast SWI1, two human retinoblastoma binding proteins, and other mammalian regulatory proteins. A mouse B-cell-specific regulator exhibits 75% identity with DRI over the 137-amino-acid DNA-binding domains of these proteins, indicating a high degree of conservation of this domain. Gel retardation and optimal binding site screens revealed that the in vitro sequence specificity of DRI is strikingly similar to that of many homeodomain proteins, although the sequence and predicted secondary structure do not resemble a homeodomain. The early general expression of dri and the similarity of DRI and homeodomain in vitro DNA-binding specificity compound the problem of understanding the in vivo specificity of action of these proteins. Maternally derived dri product is found throughout the embryo until germ band extension, when dri is expressed in a developmentally regulated set of tissues, including salivary gland ducts, parts of the gut, and a subset of neural cells. The discovery of this new, conserved DNA-binding domain offers an explanation for the regulatory activity of several important members of this class and predicts significant regulatory roles for the others.
CONCLUYO LA JORNADA CULTURAL DE POLONIA (1978)

DURANTE LA CEREMONIA DE CLAUSURA DE LA JORNADA CULTURAL DE POLONIA, REALIZADA EN LA FACULTAD DE DERECHO (FD), EL SENOR JOSEF KLASA, EMBAJADOR DE POLONIA EN MEXICO, AFIRMO QUE GRACIAS AL APOYO DE LA UNAM LA CULTURA DE SU PAIS FUE LLEVADA A UN PUBLICO BASTANTE AMPLIO, CON LO QUE SE AUMENTO EL NUMERO DE AMIGOS DURADEROS DE EN EL EVENTO SE INTERPRETARON CANTOS CLASICOS POLACOS POR LOS SENORES LESZEK ZAWADKA, BARITONO, Y JOSE MARIA FIGUEROA, PIANISTA. ASIMISMO SE ENTREGARON LOS PREMIOS A LOS GANADORES DEL CONCURSO IMPRESIONES DE UN ESTUDIANTE UNIVERSITARIO SOBRE POLONIA.
Multimodal Biometric System Using Rank-Level Fusion Approach (2009)

In many real-world applications, unimodal biometric systems often face significant limitations due to sensitivity to noise, intraclass variability, data quality, nonuniversality, and other factors. Attempting to improve the performance of individual matchers in such situations may not prove to be highly effective. Multibiometric systems seek to alleviate some of these problems by providing multiple pieces of evidence of the same identity. These systems help achieve an increase in performance that may not be possible using a single-biometric indicator. This paper presents an effective fusion scheme that combines information presented by multiple domain experts based on the rank-level fusion integration method. The developed multimodal biometric system possesses a number of unique qualities, starting from utilizing principal component analysis and Fisher's linear discriminant methods for individual matchers (face, ear, and signature) identity authentication and utilizing the novel rank-level fusion method in order to consolidate the results obtained from different biometric matchers. The ranks of individual matchers are combined using the highest rank, Borda count, and logistic regression approaches. The results indicate that fusion of individual modalities can improve the overall performance of the biometric system, even in the presence of low quality data. Insights on multibiometric design using rank-level fusion and its performance on a variety of biometric databases are discussed in the concluding section.
L'analyse krigeante appliquée aux données pétrolières (1988)

L'etude est realisee sur les donnees relatives a 214 forages implantes a maille irreguliere en provenance d'un champ de gaz d'Europe du Nord. La variable regionalisee utilisee est l'epaisseur de la couche reservoir. Elle est decomposee par analyse krigeante et les differentes composantes obtenues sont cartographiees
Ontogeny of NO synthase and renin in juxtaglomerular apparatus of rat kidneys (1995)

The presence of NO synthase (NOS) in cells of the macula densa (MD) suggests a role for arginine-derived NO in tubulovascular information transfer. To investigate the postnatal development of the neuronal isoform of NOS and of renin in the kidney, the cellular distribution of these enzymes was examined in perfusion-fixed kidneys of 2-, 6-, and 15-day-old rats at both the protein and mRNA level (n = 4 rats/group). NOS and renin and their mRNAs were localized by immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization methods. In addition, NOS levels were assessed by using NADPH diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry. For quantification, the fraction of NOS- and renin-positive glomeruli as well as the number of NOS-positive MD cells was evaluated at all stages. Presence of NOS in single cells of the developing distal tubule was encountered already in the S-shaped body. Full expression of a NOS signal in MD cells was seen as soon as a glomerular urinary space was developed. Double labeling with NADPH-d and antibody to Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) indicated mutual exclusiveness of NADPH-d-positive MD cells and neighboring THP-positive distal tubule cells at all levels of development. The relative intensity of renin status was 2 day > 6 day > 15 day, whereas NOS expression was maximal on postnatal day 6. Our data are consistent with an involvement of MD NO synthesis in the early organization of the juxtaglomerular apparatus during nephrogenesis and suggest an interdependent relation with renin-producing cells.
Potentiality of Incarceration: A Proposed Standard for the Applicability of Miranda to Nonfelony Offenses (1977)

This study states: "In a primarily statistical analysis, we conclude that there is no evidence indicating that the warnings ... caused many suspects to refuse to talk or ask for counsel."Id. at 1523.The study further stated: "Our findings suggest Miranda will rarely bring lawyers to the stationhouse.Defendants, told of their right to counsel, usually neglect the offer and let
Shrinker: efficient live migration of virtual clusters over wide area networks (2012)

SUMMARY Live virtual machine migration is a powerful feature of virtualization technologies. It enables efficient load balancing, reduces energy consumption through dynamic consolidation, and makes infrastructure maintenance transparent to users. Although live migration is available across wide area networks with state of the art systems, it remains expensive to use because of the large amounts of data to transfer, especially when migrating virtual clusters rather than single virtual machine instances. As evidenced by previous research, virtual machines running identical or similar operating systems have significant portions of their memory and storage containing identical data. We propose Shrinker, a live virtual machine migration system leveraging this common data to improve live virtual cluster migration between data centers interconnected by wide area networks. Shrinker detects memory pages and disk blocks duplicated in a virtual cluster to avoid sending the same content multiple times over wide‐area network links. Virtual machine data is retrieved in the destination site with distributed content‐based addressing. We implemented a prototype of Shrinker in the KVM (Kernel‐based Virtual Machine) hypervisor and present a performance evaluation in a distributed environment. Experiments show that it reduces both total data transferred and total migration time. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Botulinum Toxin Treatment of Hertwig-Magendie Sign (1996)

Hypertropia, not due to the usual causes and associated with a central nervous system disorder, should be suspected as being a skew deviation (Hertwig-Magendie sign). We describe a new case of this supranuclear disorder, presumably related to cocaine-induced stroke. This disorder was treated by botulinum A toxin (Oculinum) injection into the superior rectus muscle. Follow-up one year later found the vertical deviation resolved.
Determination of relative transmission function of two scanning modes of an electrostatic hemispherical analyser with a lens system (1980)

Abstract Evidence is provided, that the transmission function T p,a of an electrostatic hemispherical analyser with a lens system, operated at fixed transmission energy (FATE mode) relative to that for operation at fixed retarding ratio (FRR mode) varies with kinetic energy E according to E −1.25 (400 eV < E < 1470 eV).
Microscopic conduction in cultured strands of neonatal rat heart cells measured with voltage-sensitive dyes. (1993)

Microscopic discontinuities in electrical activation were assessed in synthetic strands of neonatal rat myocytes cultured on a growth-directing matrix. An optical method using voltage-sensitive dye (RH-237) and a photodiode technique was used for recordings of membrane potential changes with subcellular resolution. Spatial resolution of the method (diameter of measurement area, 5.5 microns; interdiode distance, 30 microns) allowed for simultaneous measurements of cytoplasmic conduction time within a single cell and junctional conduction time across the cell border. In one-dimensional cell chains, where cells were juxtaposed by end-to-end connections but devoid of lateral connections, propagation of the excitation wave was strongly nonuniform: cytoplasmic conduction time was 38 +/- 30 (mean +/- SD) microseconds (n = 37), whereas junctional conduction time was 118 +/- 40 microseconds (n = 27, P < .0001). A mean delay introduced by a single junction was 80 microseconds, or 51% of conduction time. In two-dimensional strands consisting of several cells in width, which exhibited lateral as well as end-to-end connections, inhomogeneity of conduction was smaller: the cytoplasmic and junctional conduction times were 57 +/- 30 (n = 46) and 89 +/- 40 (n = 48) microseconds, respectively (P < .0001); mean junctional conduction delay was 32 microseconds (22% of conduction time). Mathematical modeling suggested that the averaging effect of lateral connections is caused by lateral convergence of local excitatory current beyond and lateral divergence before end-to-end connections. Our results demonstrate that the current flow through lateral cell-to-cell connections smooth the excitation wave front during longitudinal conduction in myocardial tissue.
Preliminary Study of Radioiodination of VP2 (2016)

The VP2 peptide specifically binding to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor 1(VPAC1) receptor was radioiodinated with 131I by bi-functional linker N-succinimidyl 5-(tributylstannyl)-3-pyridinecarboxylate (SPC), and in vitro and in vivo stability of the labeled peptide were evaluated. Mice were injected intravenously with either 1.2×106 Bq 131I-SPC-VP2 or Na 131I. Radiochemical purity and biodistribution were studied at various time points. The result showed that purified 131I-SPC-VP2 exhibited radiochemical purity of 97% at room temperature up to 48 h. The tissue uptake of 131I-SPC-VP2 was low after 6 h injection, especially in thyroid. The result indicated the labeled compound had fast clearance and good stability in vivo.
The near-zone magnetic field of a small circular-loop antenna (1967)

An improved formula is derived for accurately computing the near-zone magnetic field of a s mall c irc ular transmitting loop an tenna. Such a field can serve as a reference standard for calibrating fi eld-strength meters e mploying small receiving loop anten nas in the fre qu ency range 30 Hz to 30 MHz. This formula in c ludes correction terms for fr equ ency (d ue to the finite tim e of propagation), as well as correction s for the finite radii of both the transmitting and rece iving loop s. Other formula s appearing in the literature often fail to include s uch correc tion s whic h can result in errors of up to 20 pe rcent a nd more in co mputin g standard-fie ld valu es.
Deep Metric Learning for Practical Person Re-Identification (2014)

Various hand-crafted features and metric learning methods prevail in the field of person re-identification. Compared to these methods, this paper proposes a more general way that can learn a similarity metric from image pixels directly. By using a "siamese" deep neural network, the proposed method can jointly learn the color feature, texture feature and metric in a unified framework. The network has a symmetry structure with two sub-networks which are connected by Cosine function. To deal with the big variations of person images, binomial deviance is used to evaluate the cost between similarities and labels, which is proved to be robust to outliers. Compared to existing researches, a more practical setting is studied in the experiments that is training and test on different datasets (cross dataset person re-identification). Both in "intra dataset" and "cross dataset" settings, the superiorities of the proposed method are illustrated on VIPeR and PRID.
Genomic and antigenic variations of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus major envelope GP5 glycoprotein. (1998)

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the importance of genomic and antigenic variations which may have affected the major envelope glycoprotein GP5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolates responsible for outbreaks in Quebec and Ontario, in comparison with the modified-live U.S. vaccine strain (MLV) and the European prototype strain from Lelystad (LV). Nucleotide sequence analyses of the open reading frame (ORF)5 genes showed that all of the isolates studied were heterogenous, amino acid (aa) identities varied from 88 to 99% with the MLV strain, and between 51 and 54% with the LV strain. The aa substitutions were randomly scattered across the protein, although one region between residues 26 and 39 was found to correspond to a hypervariable region which involved 0 to 3 potential N-glycosylation sites. The ORF5 encoded products of 5 of these isolates, including the MLV and LV strains, were expressed in E. coli as recombinant proteins fused to the glutathione S-transferase (GST) protein and used to raise hyperimmune anti-ORF5 sera in rabbits. The reactivity patterns of strain-specific hyperimmune anti-ORF5 sera and a panel of 4 monoclonal antibodies directed against the ORF5 gene product of the Quebec IAF-Klop strain of PRRSV, indicated that GP5 of field isolates also underwent antigenic variations. The data suggest that neutralizing epitopes, independent of conformation and glycosylation, are also associated with antigenic variability of the GP5 of PRRSV.
A class of hysteretic circuits using operational amplifiers (2006)

This paper proposes some circuits with hysteretic-like behaviour, based on Schmitt triggers and linear amplifiers realized with opamps. They have piecewise linear voltage transfer characteristics with two or several branches, with specified slope, or multiple output levels. Here we have only focused on realizing various hysteretic characteristics at circuit level, without approaching their possible applications in signal processing.