gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Far-field imaging beyond diffraction limit using single sensor in combination with a resonant aperture (2015)

Far-field imaging beyond the diffraction limit is a long sought-after goal in various imaging applications, which requires usually mechanical scanning or an array of antennas. Here, we propose to solve this challenging problem using a single sensor in combination with a spatio-temporal resonant aperture antenna. We theoretically and numerically demonstrate that such resonant aperture antenna is capable of converting part evanescent waves into propagating waves and delivering them to far fields. The proposed imaging concept provides the unique ability to achieve super resolution for real-time data when illuminated by broadband electromagnetic waves, without the harsh requirements such as near- field scanning, mechanical scanning, or antenna arrays. We expect the imaging methodology to make breakthroughs in super-resolution imaging in microwave, terahertz, optical, and ultrasound regimes.
Functional abnormalities in iPSC‐derived cardiomyocytes generated from CPVT1 and CPVT2 patients carrying ryanodine or calsequestrin mutations (2015)

Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is an inherited arrhythmia characterized by syncope and sudden death occurring during exercise or acute emotion. CPVT is caused by abnormal intracellular Ca(2+) handling resulting from mutations in the RyR2 or CASQ2 genes. Because CASQ2 and RyR2 are involved in different aspects of the excitation-contraction coupling process, we hypothesized that these mutations are associated with different functional and intracellular Ca(²+) abnormalities. To test the hypothesis we generated induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM) from CPVT1 and CPVT2 patients carrying the RyR2(R420Q) and CASQ2(D307H) mutations, respectively, and investigated in CPVT1 and CPVT2 iPSC-CM (compared to control): (i) The ultrastructural features; (ii) the effects of isoproterenol, caffeine and ryanodine on the [Ca(2+) ]i transient characteristics. Our major findings were: (i) Ultrastructurally, CASQ2 and RyR2 mutated cardiomyocytes were less developed than control cardiomyocytes. (ii) While in control iPSC-CM isoproterenol caused positive inotropic and lusitropic effects, in the mutated cardiomyocytes isoproterenol was either ineffective, caused arrhythmias, or markedly increased diastolic [Ca(2+) ]i . Importantly, positive inotropic and lusitropic effects were not induced in mutated cardiomyocytes. (iii) The effects of caffeine and ryanodine in mutated cardiomyocytes differed from control cardiomyocytes. Our results show that iPSC-CM are useful for investigating the similarities/differences in the pathophysiological consequences of RyR2 versus CASQ2 mutations underlying CPVT1 and CPVT2 syndromes.
Nonlinear Dynamics in Circuits (1995)

Synchronizing chaotic circuits, T.L. Carroll and L.M. Pecora a BiCMOS binary hysteresis chaos generator, S. Ahmadi and R.W. Newcomb using chaos for digital communication, S. Hayes and C. Grebogi Chua's circuit - chaotic phenomena and applications, L. Pivka et al controlling chaos in electronic circuits, G.A. Johnson and E.R. Hunt analog simulations of chaotic and stochastic systems, L. Fronzoni and F. Moss bifurcations and chaos in oscillator with inertial nonlinearity, V.S. Anischenko and V.V. Astakhov analysis, synthesis and applications of self-synchronizing chaotic systems, K.M. Cuomo and A.V. Oppenheim symmetric dynamics and electronic circuits, P. Ashwin nonlinear dynamics in driven and autonomous electronic circuits - from period doubling to systems of multiple oscillators, P. Linsay experimenting with chaos in electronic circuits, N.F. Rul'kov and A.R. Volkovski.
The multichannel motional Stark effect diagnostic on TFTR (1992)

Although the q profile plays a key role in theories of instabilities and plasma equilibrium, it has been quite difficult to measure until the recent development of the motional Stark effect (MSE) diagnostic. A multichannel motional Stark effect polarimeter system has recently been installed on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR). The diagnostic can measure the magnetic field pitch angle [γp=tan−1(Bp/BT)] at ten radial locations. The doppler shifted Dα radiation from a TFTR heating beam is viewed near tangential to the toroidal magnetic field via a re-entrant front surface reflecting mirror. The field of view covers from inboard of the magnetic axis to near the outboard edge of the plasma with a radial spatial resolution of 3–5 cm. A high throughput f/2 optics system results in an uncertainty for γp of ∼0.1°–0.2° with a time resolution of ∼5–10 ms. Initial pitch angle profiles from TFTR have been obtained. The MSE data is consistent with the estimated magnetic axis position from external magnetic measurements and the q=1 radius is in good agreement with the inversion radius from the electron cyclotron emission temperature measurements.
MetaOmics: Transcriptomic Meta-Analysis Methods for Biomarker Detection, Pathway Analysis and Other Exploratory Purposes (2015)

In this chapter, we present a MetaOmics software suite to combine multiple transcriptomic studies for meta-analysis. MetaOmics contains more than a dozen in-housedeveloped methods and consists of seven subpackages for different data analysis and biological objectives: MetaQC for quality control assessment, MetaDE for differentially expressed gene detection, MetaPath for pathway enrichment analysis, MetaPCA for dimension reduction, MetaClust for clustering analysis, MetaNetwork for network analysis, and MetaPredict for prediction analysis.With the increasing number of experimental data accumulated in the public domain, application of related omics metaanalysis methods provides increased statistical power and validated conclusions to improve disease treatment and mechanism understanding.
<i>X</i>-band phased array antennas using crystal yttrium–iron–garnet phase shifters (2000)

X-band phased array antenna containing four linear microstrip patch elements has been fabricated and tested. The elements were fed through single-crystal yttrium–iron–garnet phase shifters. By varying the bias magnetic field the input phases to the antenna elements can thus be tuned, resulting in steering of the radiation beam in one dimension.
THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON SYNAPSIS IN HYBRID SALIVARY GLANDS (1952)

1. The effect of temperature on synapsis was studied in salivary glands of Drosophila pseudoobscura heterozygous for the Arrowhead inversion, and of D. melanogaster x simulans hybrids.2. In the pseudoobscura larvae, significantly less asynapsis was observed at 17.5, 20 and 25° C. than at extreme temperatures (13 and 28° C.).3. In the melanogaster x simulans hybrids, synapsis was most complete at 13 and at 25° C., and there were two significant peaks of asynapsis at 17.5 and at 31° C.4. The common feature of the two distributions is the minimum of asynapsis at moderate (20 and 25° C.) temperatures. The possible relationships of this result with the known temperature effects on crossing over and on the position effect are discussed.
Tenofovir-Based Preexposure Prophylaxis for HIV Infection among African Women (2015)

None of the drug regimens we evaluated reduced the rates of HIV-1 acquisition in an intention-to-treat analysis. Adherence to study drugs was low. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health; VOICE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00705679.).
The influence of age upon opioid analgesic use in the patient‐controlled analgesia (PCA) environment (1997)

It is often asserted that older patients are more sensitive to opioid analgesics than younger patients but experimental evidence for this assertion remains sparse. Two studies were conducted investigating the relationship between age and opioid analgesic use in the patient-controlled analgesia environment. In study I, the relationship was analysed subsequent to our publication of a study investigating patients' responses to opioid use with patient-controlled analgesia. Fifty-five postoperative patients, stratified into 'older' and 'younger' patients by median age, received morphine or pethidine or fentanyl patient-controlled analgesia. A strong inverse relationship was found between age and fentanyl and morphine use but not between age and pethidine use. Study II was a retrospective study of the medical records of 199 patient-controlled analgesia patients who had received morphine or pethidine patient-controlled analgesia; there were insufficient patients who had used fentanyl for a reasonable sample. There was a difference in morphine use with the younger patients using significantly more morphine than the older patients (< 60 years). Findings were less clear for patients receiving pethidine but there was an inverse correlation between age and pethidine use as well. Overall, the findings of these two studies supported the common clinical belief that older patients require less opioids than younger patients.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Conjugate Addition Reactions via Organozinc Compounds. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Instrument Measures Shift In Focus (1992)

Optical components tested at wavelengths from ultraviolet to infrared. Focus-shift-measuring instrument easy to use. Operated in lighted room, without having to make delicate adjustments while peering through microscope. Measures distance along which focal point of converging beam of light shifted by introduction of nominally plane parallel optical component into beam. Intended primarily for measuring focus shifts produced by windows and filters at wavelengths from 120 to 1,100 nanometers. Portable, compact, and relatively inexpensive for degree of precision.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHON FROM A 4‐OXATRICYCLO(4.3.0.03,7)NON‐8‐ENE SYSTEM. A TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (.+‐.)‐PROSTAGLANDIN F2α (1978)

Abstract Der Trichlormethylheterocyclus (I) ergibt bei der Behandlung mit 3,3 Moläquival.
Simulations of closed-loop wavefront reconstruction for multiconjugate adaptive optics on giant telescopes (2003)

The multi-conjugate adaptive optics (MCAO) systems proposed for future giant telescopes will require new, computationally efficient, concepts for wavefront reconstruction due to their very large number of deformable mirror (DM) actuators and wavefront sensor (WFS) measurements. Preliminary versions of such reconstruction algorithms have recently been developed, and simulations of MCAO systems with 9000 or more DM actuators and 33000 or more WFS measurements are now possible using a single desktop computer. However, the results obtained to date are limited to the case of open-loop wavefront reconstruction, and more work is needed to develop computationally efficient reconstructors for the more realistic case of a closed-loop MCAO system that iteratively measures and corrects time-varying wavefront distortions. In this paper, we describe and investigate two reconstruction concepts for this application. The first approach assumes that knowledge of the DM actuator command vector and the DM-to-WFS influence matrix may be used to convert a closed-loop WFS measurement into an accurate estimate of the corresponding open-loop measurement, so that a standard open-loop wavefront reconstructor may be applied. The second approach is a very coarse (but computationally efficient) approximation to computing the minimum variance wavefront reconstructor for the residual wavefront errors in a closed-loop AO system. Sample simulation results are presented for both concepts with natural guide star (NGS) AO and laser guide star (LGS) MCAO systems on 8- and 32-meter class telescopes. The first approach yields a stable control loop with closed-loop performance comparable to the open-loop estimation accuracy of the classical minimum variance reconstructor. The second approach is unstable when implemented in a type I servo system.
A Study of the Genus Microbacterium (1943)

Orla-Jensen (6) described seven strains of rod-shaped bacteria, occurring chiefly in dairy products, which manifested sufficient peculiar properties in common to be placed in a separate genus, to which he gave the name Microbacterium. Since that time but little information has been added regarding these organisms, and their relationships to other more well-defined groupshave remained questionable. In Bergey's Manual (2) this genus was placed in the family Bacteriaceae, a "heterogeneous collection of genera whose relationships to each other and to other groups are not clear. ' '
On the Flow Properties of Poly(vinyl chloride) Copolymers (1967)

長鎖アルキル基を有するPVC共重合体の加工性を検討するため,ラウリルビニルエーテル(LVE),マレイン酸ジラウリル(DLM)およびラウリン酸ビニル(VL)と塩化ビニルとの共重合体を合成し,高化式フローテスターによって流れ速度Qを測定した。その結果,LVE共重合体は他に比べて良好な流れ特性を示し,ついでDLM共重合体が良い傾向を示した。一方,共重合体の180～200℃ における流れの活性化エネルギーは,VL共重合体がやや高い値を示したほかはあまり差は認められなかった。LVE共重合体の優れた流れ特性は,アルキル側鎖の滑り効果や重合度低下にもとづくほか,重合後期に生成するLVE含有量の多いナリゴマーの影響も考えられるので,重合度分布と加工性との関係について検討した。すなわち,PVCにLVE共重合体を種々にポリブレンドし,見かけの平均重合度を一定としたときのQを比較したところ,重合度のひろがりが大きくなるほど流れは良好となることが認められた。またこの場合,フィルム強度におよぼす影響はわずかであった。
Vibrational spectra of silyl isothiocyanate (SiH3NCS) and silyl isothiocyanate-d 3 (1962)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
ChemInform Abstract: The Reaction of Singlet Oxygen with Adamantylideneadamantane Mediated by Rose Bengal. (1990)

Abstract In the presence of Rose Bengal, (I) reacts with singlet oxygen via two different processes.
Potential interferences on the pertechnetate-sulfide immobilization reaction (2008)

The potential interference from competing inorganic anions, chelating agents, and low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs), and the potential surface effects of selected minerals on the TcO4--sulfide immobilization reaction (to form Tc2S7) were investigated. The presence of the common inorganic anions, such as nitrate, studied did not affect the TcO4--sulfide immobilization process even though their concentrations were 20 times higher than that of sulfide. The chelating agents relevant to nuclear waste sites ( e.g. , ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) did not compete with the TcO4--sulfide reaction even in high excess. Of the ten selected LMWOAs investigated, only maleic acid and fumaric acid were able to inhibit the immobilization process by forming anionic water-soluble complexes with pertechnetate at concentrations significantly higher than found in the environment. None of the non-reducing minerals ( e.g. , goethite) investigated interfered with the immobilization reaction. X-ray absorption spectroscopy showed that the product obtained in the presence of the selected co-existing species was predominantly Tc2S7.
Does gender or the menstrual cycle affect colonic transit? (1989)

Controversy exists as to whether slowing of colonic transit occurs in the high progesterone luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. To clarify this issue, colonic transit studies using radiopaque markers were performed on 10 women in the follicular phase, 10 women in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, and five women on oral contraceptives, and the results were compared with transit times in 11 male controls. No significant differences in colonic transit were found between either phase of the menstrual cycle. Colonic transit in women was slower than in men, but this was not statistically significant. In the clinical setting, therefore, colonic transit studies can be performed throughout the menstrual cycle or when taking oral contraceptives. In addition, a single standard for normal values can be used for both men and women.
Properties of Copper Coatings Obtained by Cold Gas Dynamic Spraying Using Helium: Influence of the Oxide Content of the Powder (2009)

Abstract In this study, two copper powders with different size distribution are applied to aluminum substrates using cold gas dynamic spraying. The powders are sprayed with helium gas at ambient temperature and at 200 °C. Investigators measure oxide content in the powders and correlate it with in-flight particle velocity, deposition efficiency, particle deformation, and coating properties including microhardness, structure, and dislocation density.
The Correlation between Antiesterase Activities and Chemical Structure of Saligenin Cyclic Phosphates (1963)

The effect of substituents on phosphorus of saligenin cyclic phosphorus esters on inhibitory activities toward cholinesterases and ali-esterases in vitro and in vivo was studied. The most insecticidal methyl derivative was the strongest inhibitor of insect cholinesterase both in vitro and in vivo. When the size of the substituent increased, the specificity toward ali-esterase increased, while decreased toward cholinesterase. The inhibitor ratio (I50 ChE/I50 AliE) appears to relate closely with insecticidal activity. Non-insecticidal aryl derivatives are very specific to inhibit insect ali-esterase. They are very weak inhibitors of insect cholinesterase in vivo. Their thiono analogs are stronger in vivo than corresponding oxo analogs.
Advances in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer: Targeting Receptors of Disease (2009)

The successful targeting of angiogenesis and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway has impacted the care of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Bevacizumab was the first antiangiogenic agent to show survival benefit in first-line setting and further trials suggested similar efficacy in the second-line and maintenance settings. Cetuximab is an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody that improved clinical outcomes for irinotecan-refractory advanced CRC patients and its role in first-line setting is under investigation. Panitumumab is a humanized anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody shown to improve the survival of treatment-refractory advanced CRC patients but failed to achieve similar benefits in first-line setting. Current research effort in CRC therapy focuses on developing the optimal approaches to integrate these biological agents into clinical care.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and General Synthesis of α‐Keto Esters. (1986)

Abstract Die Trimethylsilylacetylene (I) reagieren mit Osmiumtetroxid und tert.‐Butylhydroperoxid in Alkoholen zu β‐Ketoestern wie (II) oder (III), als Zwischenstufen werden Verbindungen wie (IV) oder (V) angenommen, von denen letztere unabhängig eingesetzt wird.
Relation of the catalytic activity of MgO to its electron energy states. (1969)

Surface UV irradiated MgO powder catalytic activity for hydrogen-deuterium exchange reaction
A fuzzy approach to build an intelligent data warehouse (2001)

Data warehousing is emerging as one of the hottest areas of growth in global business and the critical component and tool for business intelligence. In the data warehouse environment, the level of summarization plays an important role. Some Data Warehouse applications, directly account for the uncertainty and vagueness often associated with time-series and enterprise-wide decision making. In this paper, we enhance the concept of summarization using fuzzy technology, keeping in view the time-series and enterprise-wide data. This enhancement, which extends the aggregation process used in data warehouse, provides insightful information intelligently and allows greater facility for modeling human decision making.
Atmospheric absorption in the atmosphere up to 160 km (2004)

This paper describes new algorithms, not previously available, for predicting atmospheric absorption of sound at high altitudes. A basis for estimating atmospheric absorption up to 160 km is described. The estimated values at altitudes above 90 km must be considered as only approximate due to uncertainties about the composition of the atmosphere above 90 km and simplifying assumptions. At high altitudes, classical and rotational relaxation absorption are dominant, as opposed to absorption by molecular vibrational relaxation that is the principle atmospheric absorption loss mechanism for primary sonic booms propagating downward from a cruising supersonic aircraft. Classical and rotational relaxation absorption varies inversely with atmospheric pressure, thus increasing in magnitude at high altitudes as atmospheric pressure falls. However, classical and rotational losses also relax at the high values of frequency/pressure reached at high altitudes and thus, for audio and infrasonic frequencies, begin to decrease at altitudes in the range of 80–160 km. This paper includes: (1) modifications to the existing algorithms in the ISO/ANSI standards for atmospheric absorption at high altitudes, and (2) algorithms for definition of mean atmospheric conditions, including humidity content at high altitude conditions. Also included are suitable values for the temperature-dependent physical parameters of the atmosphere, viscosity, and the specific heat ratio, involved in defining atmospheric absorption at temperatures found at high altitudes. It has been found that carbon dioxide plays a major role in the relaxation of O2 and N2 at high altitudes due to the absence of H2O. Molecular relaxation by CO2, not covered by the current ANSI or ISO standards, is the dominant source of molecular relaxation absorption at altitudes above 60 km at frequencies of 1 Hz and above 10 km at a frequency of 10 kHz. However, at such high altitudes, classical plus rotational losses dominate reaching maximum values at 80–160 km, depending on frequency. In this regime, vibrational relaxation is less important. More accurate predictions of absorption at altitudes above 90 km would require more sophisticated models for the variation in atmospheric viscosity and specific heat ratio above such altitudes.
Rabbit leukocyte surface antigens defined by monoclonal antibodies (1983)

Several monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against rabbit leukocytes were characterized in binding and functional studies. mAb 1.24 stains thymocytes, bone marrow cells, peripheral T and B cells and blood monocytes. T cells express more 1.24 antigen than B cells. In the absence of added complement (C), mAb 1.24 inhibits alloantigen-, concanavalin A (Con A)-, and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-, but not pokeweed mitogen (PWM)- or anti-immunoglobulin (Ig)-induced cell proliferation. It also strongly blocks anti-sheep erythrocyte plaque-forming cell responses. A second mAb, designated 4.B9, binds to 20% of thymocytes and to most, if not all, peripheral T cells and in vitro-activated T cell blasts. A third one, 10.B3, is reactive with the nearly entire thymocyte and a major peripheral T cell population. Two-color membrane immunofluorescence reveals the presence of a small population of peripheral blood leukocytes which bear surface Ig and are weakly stained by mAb 4.B9 and 10.B3. Without C, both 4.B9 and 10.B3 inhibit Con A- and PHA-induced mitogenesis, but have no effect on PWM-, antigen-, or alloantigen-induced cell proliferation. Depletion of 4.B9+ cells by panning or complement lysis completely abrogates proliferative responsiveness to antigen and alloantigen, significantly reduces responsiveness to the T cell mitogens Con A and PHA, but enhances that to the B cell mitogen anti-Ig. A fourth mAb, 12.C7, binds to 60% of thymocytes and to 10-30% of peripheral T lymphocytes at high-level fluorescence. T cell blasts obtained in mixed leukocyte reactions are partially stained by mAb 12.C7, while those obtained after Con A or PHA activation are not. In addition, mAb 12.C7 is completely unreactive with B cells or monocytes. Without complement, it does not seem to interfere with any of the in vitro functions tested. All antigens studied here do not appear to be expressed in nonleukon tissues, as they do not bind to erythrocytes and are absent from brain, heart, liver and kidney as shown by quantitative absorption analysis.