gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Different polymorphic variants of glucose‐6‐phiosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in Italy. (1989)

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is common in Italy and recent biochemical and kinetic studies have demonstrated the presence of polymorphic variants associated with severe or mild enzyme deficiency. We performed a biochemical characterization of G6PD in a large number of Italian G6PD deficient men in an attempt to identify the most reliable biochemical indices for discriminating polymorphic G6PD variants and to define their distribution throughout the country. Three polymorphic G6PD variants, respectively named Mediterranean, Cagliari and Sassari, were identified. The elution profile on DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography, substrate analogue utilization and the Michaelis constant for G6P were the most significant parameters to discriminate polymorphic variants among the variants with activity levels lower than 0.8 IU/g Hb. The distribution of the polymorphic variants, in relation to the origin of the subjects studied, differs throughout the country.
Use of a Synthetic Biosensor for Neutralizing Activity-Biased Selection of Monoclonal Antibodies against Atroxlysin-I, an Hemorrhagic Metalloproteinase from Bothrops atrox Snake Venom (2014)

For the first time a functional screening based on a synthetic biosensor was successfully used for the selection of neutralizing mAbs against SVMPs.
Rapid thermal anneal induced effects in polycrystalline silicon gate structures (1987)

Effects of dynamic temperature nonuniformities during rapid thermal anneal (RTA) cycles of layered structures have been investigated. Silicon gate capacitors (4000 Å, As doped, polycrystalline Si on 175 Å thermal oxide) were subjected to temperatures 450–1200 °C using incoherent radiation from W lamps. Capacitance-voltage measurements before and after RTA showed that due to RTA, interface traps were generated at temperatures as low as 600 °C, but that they were passivated by a standard post-metallization anneal. High-temperature RTA induced, in addition, a residual flatband voltage shift which was not removed by hydrogen anneal. The residual shift can be due to either a change in oxide fixed charges or changes in the characteristics of the polycrystalline Si gate. Faster temperature ramp rates increased the generation of interface traps confirming the dynamic nature of stress, but did not affect the residual shift.
On the Use of Machine Learning to Predict the Time and Resources Consumed by Applications (2010)

Most data centers, clouds and grids consist of multiple generations of computing systems, each with different performance profiles, posing a challenge to job schedulers in achieving the best usage of the infrastructure. A useful piece of information for scheduling jobs, typically not available, is the extent to which applications will use available resources once they are executed. This paper comparatively assesses the suitability of several machine learning techniques for predicting spatio temporal utilization of resources by applications. Modern machine learning techniques able to handle large number of attributes are used, taking into account application- and system-specific attributes (e.g., CPU micro architecture, size and speed of memory and storage, input data characteristics and input parameters). The work also extends an existing classification tree algorithm, called Predicting Query Runtime (PQR), to the regression problem by allowing the leaves of the tree to select the best regression method for each collection of data on leaves. The new method (PQR2) yields the best average percentage error, predicting execution time, memory and disk consumption for two bioinformatics applications, BLAST and RAxML, deployed on scenarios that differ in system and usage. In specific scenarios where usage is a non-linear function of system and application attributes, certain configurations of two other machine learning algorithms, Support Vector Machine and k-nearest neighbors, also yield competitive results. In addition, experiments show that the inclusion of system performance and application-specific attributes also improves the performance of machine learning algorithms investigated.
<i>Arf</i> tumor suppressor promoter monitors latent oncogenic signals <i>in vivo</i> (2003)

Induction of the Arf tumor suppressor gene by elevated thresholds of mitogenic signals activates a p53-dependent transcriptional response that triggers either growth arrest or apoptosis, thereby countering abnormal cell proliferation. Conversely, Arf inactivation is associated with tumor development. Expression of Arf in tissues of adult mice is difficult to detect, possibly because its induction leads to the arrest or elimination of incipient tumor cells. We replaced coding sequences of exon 1beta of the mouse cellular Arf gene with a cDNA encoding GFP, thereby producing Arf-null animals in which GFP expression is driven by the intact Arf promoter. The Arf promoter was induced in several biologic settings previously shown to elicit mouse p19Arf expression. Inactivation of Arf in this manner led to the outgrowth of tumor cells expressing GFP, thereby providing direct evidence that the Arf promoter monitors latent oncogenic signals in vivo.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL‐N‐NITROSOTHIOUREAS AND EXAMINATION OF THEIR MECHANISMS OF FORMATION BY HIGH‐FIELD NITROGEN‐15 AND CARBON‐13 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTRA OF SPECIFICALLY LABELED COMPOUNDS (1983)

Abstract Aus den Thioharnstoffen (I) entstehen mit Nitrit die N‐Nitroso‐Verbindungen (II), die zu (III) verseift und dann erneut zu (IV) nitrosiert werden.
Design management based on design traces (1990)

VOV is an automatic manager for VLSI design. It is based on the idea that CAD tools can leave a “trace” of their execution. The trace is represented as a bipartite directed and acyclic graph, in which the nodes represent either design data or CAD transactions. By managing and analyzing the traces, VOV offers a wide variety of services related to design management, such as coordination of team design, automatic execution of CAD transactions, capture of design history and data dependencies. All of these services are provided in a non-intrusive fashion. VOV has the notion of measurement on the design data, an ingredient which is necessary to provide even more services: tracking of design specifications, validation of design data, design estimation.
Apoptotic Regulation by the Crk Adapter Protein Mediated by Interactions with Wee1 and Crm1/Exportin (2002)

The adapter protein Crk contains an SH2 domain and two SH3 domains. Through binding of particular ligands to the SH2 domain and the N-terminal SH3 domain, Crk has been implicated in a number of signaling processes, including regulation of cell growth, cell motility, and apoptosis. We report here that the C-terminal SH3 domain, never shown to bind any specific signaling molecules, contains a binding site for the nuclear export factor Crm1. We find that a mutant Crk protein, deficient in Crm1 binding, promotes apoptosis. Moreover, this nuclear export sequence mutant [NES(-) Crk] interacts strongly, through its SH2 domain, with the nuclear tyrosine kinase, Wee1. Collectively, these data suggest that a nuclear population of Crk bound to Wee1 promotes apoptotic death of mammalian cells.
Budget impact analysis of sFlt-1/PlGF ratio as prediction test in Italian women with suspected preeclampsia (2016)

Introduction of sFlt-1/PlGF into hospital practice is cost-saving. Savings are generated primarily through improvement in diagnostic accuracy and reduction in unnecessary hospitalization for women before PE's onset.
Lessons from rat models of hypertension from Goldblatt to genetic engineering (1998)

Over the past 50 years various animal models of hypertension have been developed, predominantly in the rat. In this review we discuss the use of the rat as a model of hypertension, and evaluate what these models have taught us. Interestingly, the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is by far the most widely used rat model, although it reflects only a rare subtype of human hypertension, i.e. primary hypertension that is inherited in a Mendelian fashion. Many other aspects of the etiology of hypertension are found in other rat models, but these models are less frequently employed. The widespread use of the SHR suggests that this rat model is often chosen without considering alternative (and possibly better suited) models. To illustrate the importance of the choice for a particular model, we compared the natural history and response to antihypertensive drugs in different rat models of hypertension (SHR, Dahl, deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt, two-kidney one-clip, transgenic TGR(mRen2)27. This revealed that the outcome of hypertension can be similar in some respects, as all models exhibit cardiac hypertrophy, and all demonstrate impaired endothelium-dependent relaxations. However, the more severe forms of end-organ damage such as heart failure, stroke and kidney failure, occur only in some models and then only in a subset of the hypertensive rats. The effects of antihypertensives varies even more in the different models: antihypertensive treatment only attenuates end-organ damage if it decreases blood pressure. Moreover, if a given antihypertensive is effective, it sometimes even attenuates end-organ damage in nonhypotensive doses. On the other hand, some agents do decrease blood pressure but do not prevent end-organ damage (e.g. hydralazine in SHR). Furthermore, not all classes of antihypertensives are equally effective in all rat models of hypertension: endothelin-receptor antagonists are not effective in SHR, but have beneficial effects in the DOCA-salt model. The comparison of models, and the comparison of treatment effects suggests that end-organ damage critically depends upon not only on the stress imposed by high blood pressure and its underlying biochemical disturbance, but also upon the ability of the organism to recruit adequate 'coping' mechanisms. These coping mechanisms deserve greater attention, as failure to recruit such mechanisms may indicate an increased risk. The current development of transgenic techniques will provide new opportunities, to develop specific models to address this balance between stress and coping.
IL-13 gene-deficient mice are susceptible to cutaneousL. mexicana infection (2001)

Recent studies have demonstrated that IL-13 mediates susceptibility to cutaneous L. major infection via IL-4-independent pathway. To determine whether IL-13 also plays a similar role in pathogenesis of cutaneous L. mexicana infection, we analyzed the course of L. mexicana infection in IL-13(-/-) and IL-4/IL-13(-/-) C57BL/6x129sv/Ev mice and compared with that in similarly infected wild-type mice. IL-13(-/-) mice were as susceptible as the wild-type mice to L. mexicana and developed rapidly progressing, large non-healing lesions following cutaneous L. mexicana infection. In contrast, similarly infected IL-4/IL-13(-/-) mice were highly resistant and developed either no lesions or small lesions containing few parasites that totally resolved by 12 weeks following infection. Throughout the course of infection IL-13(-/-) and the wild-type mice produced significantly more Th2-associated L. mexicana antigen (LmAg)-specific IgG1 than IL-4/IL-13(-/-) mice. All three groups produced comparable levels of Th1-associated IgG2a. At week 12 post infection, LmAg-stimulated spleen cells from L. mexicana-infected IL-4/IL-13(-/-) produced significantly higher levels of IL-12 and IFN-gamma as compared to those from similarly infected wild-type and IL-13(-/-) mice. Although both IL-13(-/-) and the wild-type spleen cells produced IL-4 following in vitro antigenic stimulation, the wild-type mice produced significantly more. These findings demonstrate that IL-13 is not involved in mediating susceptibility to L. mexicana. Moreover, they also indicate that IL-4 not IL-13 is a dominant cytokine involved in pathogenesis of cutaneous L. mexicana infection.
Outcome of cardiac tamponades in interventional electrophysiology (2020)

The frequency of tamponades is strongly dependent on the type of procedure performed. Overall tamponade-related mortality was low but significantly higher in patients undergoing epicardial procedures. Surgical backup should be considered for patients undergoing complex ventricular tachycardia ablation and left atrial ablation procedures.
Impairment of gamma carboxylation of circulating osteocalcin (bone gla protein) in elderly women (1991)

Osteocalcin, also called bone gla protein, is a unique noncollagenous protein of the extracellular matrix of bone that circulates in blood. Oseteocalcin contains three residues of the vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (gla) responsible for the affinity of osteocalcin for bone mineral. In animals treated with the vitamin K antagonist warfarin, the osteocalcin content of bone is markedly reduced and the fraction of osteocalcin released into the circulation is increased. Most studies have shown that osteocalcin increases with aging in women, reflecting an increase in bone turnover, especially after the menopause. To determine if this increase in osteocalcin could be associated with impaired carboxylation, we measured total and noncarboxylated osteocalcin in the serum of 72 women of various ages: 22 premenopausal (31 +/- 7 years old), 20 early postmenopausal (54 +/- 3 years), and 30 elderly women (85 +/- 8 years). As previously reported, total serum osteocalcin was significantly increased in early postmenopausal and elderly women. Noncarboxylated serum osteocalcin was slightly increased in early postmenopausal women (0.95 +/- 0.4 versus 0.65 +/- 0.5 ng/ml in premenopausal women), markedly elevated in elderly women (1.59 +/- 1.1 ng/ml, p less than 0.001), and correlated with age (r = 0.47, p less than 0.001). Elderly women had values of the same magnitude as in 10 patients on chronic warfarin therapy (1.94 +/- 1.1 ng/ml). As a consequence, the increase in carboxylated serum osteocalcin was significant in early postmenopausal women but not in elderly women. Serum levels of vitamin K1 and of menaquinones 6, 7, and 8 were measured in some of the young and elderly women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Regulation of blood-brain barrier endothelial cells by nitric oxide. (1994)

Nitric oxide (NO) synthesized by vascular endothelial cells is a potent vasodilator substance. The actions of NO extend well beyond its vasodilatory properties, and increasingly, NO has been recognized as an important signal for intercellular and intracellular communication. Recently, NO has been implicated in the regulation of vascular and blood-brain barrier permeability. NO has also been shown to modulate ion channels in excitable cells, thus affecting neuronal firing. We report the results of patch-clamp experiments that show a modulatory action of NO as well as cGMP and cAMP on a hyperpolarization-activated current (Iha) carried by both Na+ and K+ ions in blood-brain barrier endothelial cells. Iha was recorded in cells dialyzed with 0.2 mmol/L GTP-gamma-S to inhibit a large inwardly rectifying potassium current. This ionic current and its modulation by NO may play a role in the regulation of the transport of ions, nutrients, and other molecules to the brain and serve as an integral part of the blood-brain barrier. The modulation of Iha by a cyclic guanosine nucleotide may also explain previous reports suggesting a role for NO in the regulation of blood-brain barrier function.
H_∞ Robust Tolerant Control for a Class of Nonlinear Systems with Time Delay Based on Fuzzy Models (2008)

The problems of H∞ robust tolerant control for a class of nonlinear systems with state and time delay were studied. The T-S fuzzy model with time delay was adopted, for the actuator fault of systems, and the state feedback controllers was designed. A sufficient condition was given based on Lyapunov stability theory and linear matrix inequality (LMI) method, and it could guarantee robust asymptotically stable of system with actuator fault. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Synthesis of 2-Phenyl-2,1,3-Triazole-4-Carboxaldehyde and Some Derivatives (1948)

It was decided in this problem to prepare 2-phenyl-2,1,3-triazole-4-carboxaldehyde (III) as a starting material by the method suggested by Hann and Hudson and run a number of typical aldehyde reactions with it. The preparation of (III) involved: (1) The hydrolysis of sucrose to form glucose and fructose; (2) conversion of these two sugars to D-glucose phenylosazone (I), by reaction with phenylhydrazine; (3) transformation of (I) to D-glucose phenylosotraizole (II), by the action of hot aqueous copper sulfate; and (4) oxidation of the side chain from (II) with sodium periodate, forming (III). The reactions selected were: (1) the Grignard reaction; (2) the Perkin reaction; (3) condensation of the aldehyde with a diamine to yield an imidazolidine; (4) oxidation to the acid and condensation of this acid with a diamine to yield an imidazoline; (5) condensation with acetone; and (6) a crossed Cannizzaro reaction, yielding primarily 2-phenyl-2,1,3-triazol-4-yl-carbinol.
Structural Study on a Sulfated Polysaccharide-peptidoglycan Complex Produced by<i>Arthrobacter</i>sp. (1998)

The structure of a sulfated polysaccharide-peptidoglycan complex (SP-PG) produced by Arthrobacter sp. was analyzed by NMR spectroscopy. In addition, oligosaccharide fragments of the SP-PG-L obtained by HF degradation were analyzed by NMR spectroscopy. These findings indicated that the sulfated polysaccharide (SP) contains a repeating unit composed of two galactofuranosides and a glucopyranoside. The main chain of the trisaccharide is [-->6) beta-D-Galf(1-->6)-beta-D-Galf(1-->ln, with beta-D-Glcp linked to one of the Galfs through a (1-->2) linkage. The sulfated positions of the trisaccharide were identified as C-3 and C-5 of the beta-glucosylated Galf residues, and C-2 or C-3 of the other Galf residue.
Interplay between Obesity-Induced Inflammation and cGMP Signaling in White Adipose Tissue (2017)

Current worldwide figures suggest that obesity is pandemic. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms would help develop viable anti-obesity therapies. Here, we assess the influence of obesity-induced inflammation on white adipocyte cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling, which is beneficial for adipocyte differentiation and thermogenesis. We find that murine gonadal and not inguinal fat is prone to obesity-induced inflammation. Correspondingly, the cGMP cascade is dysregulated in gonadal but not in inguinal fat of obese mice. Analysis of two independent human cohorts reveals a defective cGMP pathway only in visceral fat of obese subjects. Congruently, cGMP signaling is dysregulated in tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)-treated primary white adipocytes. TNF-α-mediated suppression of sGCβ<sub>1</sub> is mediated via NF-κB, whereas PKG is repressed by JNK signaling. Additionally, TNF-α-activated JNK signaling suppresses PPARγ and aP2. Taken together, the intensity of obesity-induced inflammation dictates the amplitude of cGMP signaling dysregulation in white adipocytes through distinct pathways.
Acquired Resistance to Ticks (1979)

Hartley and C4-deficient guinea pigs developed resistance to the ixodid tick. Dermacentor andersoni, after one infestation. Resistance was characterized by resistant animals of both groups allowing significantly fewer larvae (5--25%) to engorge during a second infestation than during an initial infestation (70--90%). Resistant animals in both groups developed cutaneous reactions at the site of tick attachment which were characterized by intraepidermal vesicles containing numerous basophils. In previous studies, tick-resistant Hartley guinea pigs depleted of complement by cobra venom factor were not able to express the resistance response and the skin reactions at the tick attachment sites were depleted of basophils. The use of cobra venom factor as an anti-complement probe could not distinguish the relative importance of the classical and/or alternate pathways of complement activation in the expression of tick resistance. The present study reports that C4-deficient guinea pigs, those with a total deficiency in the classical pathway of complement activation, but with an intact alternate pathway, can acquire and display tick resistance in a fashion similar to Hartley guinea pigs. This finding provides evidence that the alternate pathway of complement activation is important in the expression of tick resistance.
Uncertainties and Challenges of Modern Well Test Interpretation (2001)

Abstract Conceptual reservoir models are the basis for any reservoir engineering study and constitute the backbone of pressure transient analysis. The selection of the correct reservoir model is of paramount importance and cannot be overstated since the validity of the well test itself is totally dependent on the applicability of selected reservoir model. Once the proper model has been selected, various computer-aided interpretation techniques and nonlinear estimation methods can be employed to obtain quantitative descriptions of important reservoir parameters and near wellbore conditions. Automated type curve matching, together with non-linear parameter estimation, are two great modern well test analysis tools made possible by recent advances in computer technology. In addition, the use of pressure derivative data has aided in model identification to a degree not experienced before. However, the problem of non-uniqueness in model responses threatens to undermine the accuracy and usefulness of these tools in helping to characterize petroleum reservoirs. In this study, we illustrate the problem of non-unique model response with an example of a simulated pressure buildup test generated for a well near a sealing fault, in an infinitely large reservoir. We show that four different reservoir models can match this model response quite accurately. This makes model selection in field cases quite impossible without requiring additional information. Using field well test data from one slanted-horizontal and a short-radius horizontal well, we show, in one case how the uncertainty in the well model, as well as the value of the effective well length led to multiple matches, resulting in different estimates of reservoir parameters. In the other case, we show that without additional information from a previous test, automatic parameter estimation alone would have led to an erroneous interpretation, and wrong parameter estimates for this short-radius horizontal well. In the field cases presented, we provide steps taken to reduce the uncertainty and non-uniqueness inherent in the process, leading to more accurate estimates of reservoir parameters from the well test data. We conclude that in many cases, integration of additional information from geology, seismic and previous well tests conducted in the same reservoir, is necessary to reduce the non-uniqueness problem and achieve an unequivocal model match.