gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct Oxidation of Cyclohexene with Inert Polymeric Membrane Reactor (2009)

In this work, the use of PVDF flat membranes as contactors for direct solvent-free biphasic oxidation of cyclohexene to adipic acid has been reported. The oxidation has been carried out using 30% H2O2 and ammonium molybdate ((NH4)6Mo7O24) in the presence of succinic acid. The effect of different membranes as interfaces between the organic phase, containing cyclohexene, and the aqueous phase, with the oxidant and catalyst, has been studied and related to conversion and selectivity.
Field testing of biohybrid robotic jellyfish to demonstrate enhanced swimming speeds (2020)

Biohybrid robotic designs incorporating live animals and self-contained microelectronic systems can leverage the animals’ own metabolism to reduce power constraints and act as natural chassis and actuators with damage tolerance. Previous work established that biohybrid robotic jellyfish can exhibit enhanced speeds up to 2.8 times their baseline behavior in laboratory environments. However, it remains unknown if the results could be applied in natural, dynamic ocean environments and what factors can contribute to large animal variability. Deploying this system in the coastal waters of Massachusetts, we validate and extend prior laboratory work by demonstrating increases in jellyfish swimming speeds up to 2.3 times greater than their baseline, with absolute swimming speeds up to 6.6 ± 0.3 cm s⁻¹. These experimental swimming speeds are predicted using a hydrodynamic model with morphological and time-dependent input parameters obtained from field experiment videos. The theoretical model can provide a basis to choose specific jellyfish with desirable traits to maximize enhancements from robotic manipulation. With future work to increase maneuverability and incorporate sensors, biohybrid robotic jellyfish can potentially be used to track environmental changes in applications for ocean monitoring.
Relative potency of the forms of GnRH and their analogs on LH release in sea bass (2003)

The in vivo and in vitro potency of native and modified forms of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) to release luteotropic hormone (LH) was studied in sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax in particular the hypothalamic fish‐specific sea bream GnRH form (sbGnRH) and the general mesoencephalic form chicken GnRH‐II (cGnRH‐II). The potencies of the natives and their analogs (GnRHas) were referred to that of [D‐Ala 6 , Pro 9 Net]‐mGnRHa (LHRHa) at equivalent doses. Analogs of the native peptides [D‐Arg 6 , Pro 9 Net]‐cGnRH‐II, [D‐Ala 6 , Pro 9 Net]‐cGnRH‐II, [D‐Trp 6 , Pro 9 Net]‐sbGnRH and [D‐Ala 6 , Pro 9 Net]‐sbGnRH were effective in inducing in vivo LH release (at 15 µg kg −1 body mass), exhibiting longer lasting activity than their corresponding native forms. Injection of sbGnRH and cGnRH‐II provoked a small but significant peak of circulating LH at 1·5 h after treatment (a.t.) decreasing down to basal levels at 4 h a.t. [D‐Arg 6 , Pro 9 Net]‐cGnRH‐II, [D‐Ala 6 , Pro 9 Net]‐cGnRH‐II and [D‐Ala 6 , Pro 9 Net]‐mGnRHa evoked a higher and a more sustained elevation of LH, peaking at 12 h a.t. and returning to basal levels between 48 and 72 h a.t. [D‐Trp 6 , Pro 9 Net]‐sbGnRH and [D‐Ala 6 , Pro 9 Net]‐sbGnRH also induced a significant surge of LH in plasma at 4 h a.t. turning to the basal levels at 24 h a.t. These rises, however, were of less amplitude and duration than the observed after treatment with cGnRH‐II analogs and [D‐Ala 6 , Pro 9 Net]‐mGnRHa. The in vitro stimulation of dispersed pituitary cells with the different native and modified forms of GnRH resulted in a dose‐dependent increase in the quantity of LH released at 24 h a.t. [D‐Arg 6 , Pro 9 Net]‐cGnRH‐II and [D‐Ala 6 , Pro 9 Net]‐cGnRH‐II induced the highest response of LH in vitro release followed by salmon GnRH (sGnRH), [D‐Ala 6 , Pro 9 Net]‐mGnRHa and [D‐Trp 6 , Pro 9 Net]‐sbGnRH. The lowest activity was exhibited by sbGnRH. Collectively, the in vitro biological activity (compared by their EC 50 ) can be ordered as follows: [D‐Arg 6 , Pro 9 Net]‐cGnRH‐II > [D‐Ala 6 , Pro 9 Net]‐cGnRH‐II > sGnRH > [D‐Ala 6 , Pro 9 Net]‐mGnRHa > [D‐Trp 6 , Pro 9 Net]‐sbGnRH > [D‐Ala 6 , Pro 9 Net]‐sbGnRH > cGnRH‐II > sbGnRH.
Effects of schistosomiasis on susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and HIV-1 viral load at HIV-1 seroconversion: A nested case-control study (2017)

We confirm, in an area with endemic S. mansoni, that pre-existing schistosome infection increases odds of HIV-1 acquisition in women and raises HIV-1 viral load at the time of HIV-1 seroconversion. This is the first study to demonstrate the effect of schistosome infection on HIV-1 susceptibility and viral control, and to differentiate effects by gender. Validation studies will be needed at additional sites.
Molecular haplotyping vs. statistical inference: Example of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) (2005)

4067 Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an enzyme with multiple activities, including detoxification of organophosphates. It is believed to be important in preventing neurotoxic damage, and has also been implicated in atherosclerosis. The PON1 gene contains three common promoter polymorphisms, three in the promoter (-909G>C, -162A>G, -108C>T) and two in the coding region (M55L, Q192R) with varying but incomplete linkage disequilibrium. In a previous study, we have imputed PON1 haplotypes using two widely used programs, PHASE and tagSNPs, which yielded very similar results. In this study, we have developed a molecular approach, linking emulsion PCR (LE-PCR), to physically determine the PON1 haplotypes; results from this determination can be used to test the accuracy of the statistical inference of haplotypes. Linking emulsion PCR (LE-PCR) enables formation of minichromosomes preserving phase information of two polymorphic loci, thus the haplotype. Emulsion PCR confines amplicons of two linked polymorphic sites on a single template molecule to one aqueous-phase droplet. Linking PCR uses external primers in excess over biotinylated, overlapping linking primers to connect these amplicons. Unlinked amplicons are removed on streptavidin-coated magnetic beads, and runoff products are capped by primer extension on partially complementary 3’-blocked oligonucleotides. Quantitative allele-specific PCR can then be used to ascertain the haplotypes of the two polymorphic loci on the minichromosomes. In a total population of 378 individuals, we determined PON1 molecular haplotypes at three loci (-909g>c, L55M, Q192R) in 165 individual who were compound heterozygotes for -909g>c/L55M (n=89), -909g>c/Q192R (n=77) or L55M/Q192R (n=68). Twenty-four of the 165 individuals showed different molecular haplotypes than the inferred haplotypes (15% disconcordancy); 14 of these were -909g>c/Q192R compound heterozygotes, possibly due the lower degree of linkage between the two loci. We also observed a strong association between PON1 substrate specificity (measured as paraoxon/phenylacetate substrate activity ratios) and 909g>c/Q192R haplotype. We have demonstrated here a powerful molecular haplotyping technology that can be applied in population studies. Meanwhile, a ∼15% “error rate” suggests caution in the use of statistical inference for haplotypes.
Deformation monitoring of painted wood panels by fiber Bragg gratings (2003)

The conservation of painted panel supports is a fundamental aim of the whole restoration process. The measurement method up to now utilized by Opificio is based on the application on the panel of reference points, through which a centesimal gauge measures positive and negative movements. We propose a measurement method based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. An array of Bragg gratings was glued on several crucial points of the wood structure, and the data were continuously collected. A set of measurements were performed in order to study the deformations of a painted wood panel, induced by relative humidity changes.
Differential Role of Glycoprotein VI in Mouse and Human Thrombus Progression and Stability (2020)

Platelet glycoprotein (GP) VI is a promising, safe, antithrombotic target as its absence or blockade prevents in vitro thrombus formation and experimental thrombosis in various animal models without impacting the tail-bleeding time.[1] In addition, patients with a mutation in the GPVI gene exhibit only a mild bleeding diathesis,[2] further suggesting that GPVI does not play a critical role in hemostasis. GPVI is the main platelet activation receptor for collagen and viewed as being important in the initiation of thrombus formation.[1] In addition to collagen, GPVI interacts physically or functionally with other adhesive proteins including laminins, fibrin, and fibrinogen.[3] [4] [5] [6] [7] We have shown that human GPVI activates platelets on immobilized fibrinogen and that this process is key for the progression and stability of human thrombi.[7] [8] In sharp contrast, we observed that mouse GPVI does not promote such an activation, as platelets deposited on fibrinogen do not fully spread.[7] In this study, we investigated the consequence of absence of GPVI/fibrinogen-mediated platelet activation in mice on the regulation of thrombosis in comparison to the human system. It is important to appreciate species difference between humans and mice as the latter represent the most broadly used animal model to study experimental thrombosis and that a significant part of our current understanding of the molecular mechanism of thrombosis relies on experiments performed with these animals.
A compaction equation and its use to describe powder consolidation (1999)

A 9Cr-ODS ferritic/martensitic steel with a composition of 9Cr–1.8W–0.5Ti–0.35Y2O3 was fabricated by mechanical alloying and hot isostatic pressing, followed by hot rolling. Tensile properties were measured at room temperature (23 °C) and 700 °C in the rolling direction (LT) and the transverse direction (TL). The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the as-rolled samples in both directions reached 990 MPa at 23 °C, and still maintained at 260 MPa at 700 °C. The tensile strength and elongation of the rolling direction was greater than that of the transverse direction. The Charpy impact was tested from −100 to 100 °C in the LT direction. The lower shelf energy (LSE) was more than 65% of the upper shelf energy (USE). The total absorbed energy was separated into the energies for crack initiation and propagation. The propagation energy was always higher than the initiation energy in the range of temperatures tested. The ductile-to-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) of the rolled 9Cr ODS evaluated by an absorbed energy curve was about 0 °C. However, the high LSE and the fracture surface that still contained dimples at lower shelf indicated good toughness of the as-rolled 9Cr ODS steels at temperature of −60 °C.
Measurements of layer thicknesses and refractive indices in high-energy ion-implanted GaAs and GaP (1976)

Near normal incidence reflection and transmission measurements of GaAs and GaP samples implanted with large doses of ∼3-MeV ions of 31P+ or 14N+ showed frequency-dependent maxima and minima in the frequency range 800≲ν≲7500 cm−1. Assuming a layer model for the implanted material and considering reflections from layers surfaces, the interference fringes are analyzed to obtain the refractive index and thickness of both the cover and buried layers and substrate. With the same layer model the changes in the GaAs reststrahlen are shown to be quantitatively compatible with the results of the fringe measurements. Annealing GaAs at temperatures ≲400 °C reduced the implantation-induced changes in the refractive index but the layer thicknesses remained constant. There was no evidence for regrowth by motion of the implant-substrate interface as has been reported for silicon crystals. The analysis of the reststrahlen data for GaP is less satisfactory since the data could not be closely fitted with any choice of parameters.
Thermal analysis of closely-packed two-dimensional etched-well surface-emitting laser arrays (1995)

A self-consistent thermal-electrical model of etched-well surface-emitting GaAs-AlGaAs lasers is applied to study thermal properties of two-dimensional (2-D) arrays. Temperature profiles across small- and moderate-size arrays are generated. Thermal problems associated with integration of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL's) into closely packed 2-D arrays are addressed. In particular, thermal crosstalk between elements of the array is investigated. The results indicate severe thermal crosstalk, even at relatively low pumping currents, with strong individual-element temperature-profile nonuniformities. The asymmetry of individual waveguides caused by skewed temperature distributions can be exploited for controlling supermode structure in phase-locked arrays. Optimization of 2-D etched-well laser array designs is presented, aimed at maximizing the optical output power density from the array. We find that the highest output power density is strongly increasing for arrays of small diameter emitters, and that the optimal center-to-center spacing between emitters is equal to /spl sim/2.5-3 times their diameter.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Atherosclerosis development is differentially regulated in whole genome vs. bone marrow‐derived haploinsufficient NFAT5/ApoE null mice (2012)

We have previously shown that the transcription factor, nuclear factor of activated T‐cells 5 (NFAT5), plays a role in vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation in acute injury, but the role of NFAT5 in atherosclerosis is unknown. Our main objectives were to determine if genome‐wide NFAT5 haploinsufficency (NFAT5+/−) altered atherosclerotic development and to determine whether NFAT5 expression in bone marrow (BM)‐derived cells affected lesion progression. NFAT5+/−ApoE−/− mice were placed on a high fat diet for 20 wks and analysis of the thoracic aorta and aortic arch established that genome‐wide NFAT5 haploinsufficiency reduced atherosclerotic lesion formation by 73% and 43%, respectively, but did not alter lesion size in the aortic root. BM transplant studies revealed that transplantation of NFAT5+/−ApoE−/− BM into NFAT5+/+ApoE−/− mice resulted in a similar 86% reduction in lesion formation of the thoracic aorta, yet produced an unexpected 37% increase in total lesion area of the aortic root. Immunohistochemical analysis of root lesions revealed that mice transplanted with NFAT5‐deficient BM had increased macrophage investment of the lesion. We have identified that NFAT5 expression in BM‐derived cells is critical for the regulation of lesion morphometry and composition, and we show that NFAT5 deficiency in macrophages leads to their increased investment of aortic root lesions.
The Effect of Galanin on Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor and Somatostatin Release from Median Eminence Fragments in vitro (1992)

Galanin has been reported to stimulate secretion of GH in humans and rats. Thus, to investigate whether the effect of galanin on GH release is the result of either a stimulation of GH-releasing factor (GRF) and/or an inhibition of somatostatin (SRIF) release, we have evaluated the action of galanin on the release of SRIF and GRF from median eminence (ME) fragments in vitro. The MEs from adult male rats were incubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate-glucose buffer, pH 7.4, at 37 degrees C, in an atmosphere of 95% O2, 5% CO2 with constant shaking for 30 min. Medium was discarded and replaced by medium containing various concentrations of galanin (10(-10)-10(-7) M). Galanin stimulated SRIF and GRF release in a dose-related manner. This effect was significant at concentrations varying from 10(-8) to 10(-7) M. To determine the mechanism by which galanin stimulated SRIF and GRF release, MEs were incubated with pimozide (dopaminergic blocker), phentolamine (alpha-adrenergic blocker) or naloxone (opioid blocker), at concentrations of 10(-6) M, and the effect of galanin was then evaluated. Phentolamine and naloxone did not alter the stimulatory effect of galanin, but when galanin was tested with pimozide, the galanin-induced release of SRIF and GRF was blocked. To determine whether the effect of galanin is mediated through D-1 and/or D-2 dopamine receptors, selective antagonists of D-1 (SCH 23390) and D-2 receptors (domperidone) were used (10(-7) M) in the presence of galanin (10(-7) M).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Distributions of leptin receptor mRNA isoforms in the rat brain (1998)

Leptin, secreted by white adipocytes, has profound feeding, metabolic, and neuroendocrine effects. Leptin acts on the brain, but the specific anatomic sites and pathways responsible for mediating these effects are still unclear. We have systematically examined distributions of mRNA of leptin receptor isoforms in the rat brain by using a probe specific for the long form and a probe recognizing all known forms of the leptin receptor. The mRNA for the long form of the receptor (OB-Rb) localized to selected nuclear groups in the rat brain. Within the hypothalamus, dense hybridization was observed in the arcuate, dorsomedial, ventromedial, and ventral premamillary nuclei. Within the dorsomedial nucleus, particularly intense hybridization was observed in the caudal regions of the nucleus ventral to the compact formation. Receptors were preferentially localized to the dorsomedial division of the ventromedial nucleus. Hybridization accumulated throughout the arcuate nucleus, extending from the retrochiasmatic region to the posterior periventricular region. Moderate hybridization was observed in the periventricular hypothalamic nucleus, lateral hypothalamic area, medial mammillary nucleus, posterior hypothalamic nucleus, nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, and within substantia nigra pars compacta. Several thalamic nuclei were also found to contain dense hybridization. These groups included the mediodorsal, ventral anterior, ventral medial, submedial, ventral posterior, and lateral dorsal thalamic nuclei. Hybridization was also observed in the medial and lateral geniculate nuclei. Intense hybridization was observed in the Purkinje and granular cell layers of the cerebellum. A probe recognizing all known forms of the leptin receptor hybridized to all of these sites within the brain. In addition, intense hybridization was observed in the choroid plexus, meninges, and also surrounding blood vessels. These findings indicate that circulating leptin may act through hypothalamic nuclear groups involved in regulating feeding, body weight, and neuroendocrine function. The localization of leptin receptor mRNA in extrahypothalamic sites in the thalamus and cerebellum suggests that leptin may act on specific sensory and motor systems. Leptin receptors localized in nonneuronal cells in the meninges, choroid plexus, and blood vessels may be involved in transport of leptin into the brain and in the clearance of leptin from the cerebrospinal fluid. J. Comp. Neurol. 395:535–547, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Short-Term Effects of Cilazapril on Left Ventricular Diastolic Function (1994)

Summary To investigate the short-term effects of cilazapril on left ventricular diastolic functions in patients with essential hypertension, 20 patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension were evaluated. Following 2 weeks of placebo washout, all patients underwent blood pressure determination and echo-Doppler ultrasonography recordings. Cilazapril, 2.5 mg, was given to all patients, and blood pressure was determined. Echo Doppler ultrasonography recordings were repeated 3 h after drug therapy. The investigated diastolic function parameters were peak and mean velocities of mitral E and A waves, ratio of peak E to peak A, and acceleration and deceleration rates of E and A waves. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure changes were insignificant. The E wave peak and mean velocities were significantly increased (p = 0.006 and 0.02, respectively), and the A wave peak and mean velocities were significantly reduced (p = 0.006 and 0.02, respectively) after cilazapril therapy. The ratio of peak E to peak A velocity was also found to be increased following cilazapril therapy (p = 0.006). It is to be concluded that the immediate improvement of left ventricular diastolic functions after cilazapril therapy despite the lack of blood pressure decrease is probably a result of the inhibition of tissue angiotensin-converting enzyme and/or other local humoral factors, but this needs to be further investigated.
Experimental Investigations on the Performance of a Coal Pipe Splitter for a 1000 MW Utility Boiler: Influence of the Vertical Pipe Length (2010)

The objective of this study was to experimentally investigate the splitting characteristics of the coal pipe splitter using a fiberoptic measurement system. Four different vertical pipe lengths of 1D, 3D, 5D, and 18D were employed in the experiments to investigate the influences of the vertical pipe length on the splitting performance. The local solid concentration and particle size distributions at different cross-sections were obtained. Fiberoptic measurement systems showed their ability in the field measurements in this work. The measurements indicated that the length of the vertical pipe played an important role in the splitting performance. With the development of the gas−solid two-phase flow, the peak/lowest concentration ratio and the outer/inner mean concentration ratio decrease with an increase in the vertical pipe length. A split imbalance occurred when the vertical pipe length was 1D. The vertical pipe length of 5D resulted in a uniform performance of the particle concentration, and particle size distribution between the two legs was achieved; such a splitting characteristic is favorable for coal balancing and flame stability.
Targeted next generation sequencing identifies functionally deleterious germline mutations in novel genes in early-onset/familial prostate cancer (2018)

Considering that mutations in known prostate cancer (PrCa) predisposition genes, including those responsible for hereditary breast/ovarian cancer and Lynch syndromes, explain less than 5% of early-onset/familial PrCa, we have sequenced 94 genes associated with cancer predisposition using next generation sequencing (NGS) in a series of 121 PrCa patients. We found monoallelic truncating/functionally deleterious mutations in seven genes, including ATM and CHEK2, which have previously been associated with PrCa predisposition, and five new candidate PrCa associated genes involved in cancer predisposing recessive disorders, namely RAD51C, FANCD2, FANCI, CEP57 and RECQL4. Furthermore, using in silico pathogenicity prediction of missense variants among 18 genes associated with breast/ovarian cancer and/or Lynch syndrome, followed by KASP genotyping in 710 healthy controls, we identified "likely pathogenic" missense variants in ATM, BRIP1, CHEK2 and TP53. In conclusion, this study has identified putative PrCa predisposing germline mutations in 14.9% of early-onset/familial PrCa patients. Further data will be necessary to confirm the genetic heterogeneity of inherited PrCa predisposition hinted in this study.
Estabilidad presupuestaria y reforma constitucional en España (2011)

En este articulo se lleva a cabo una aproximacion, desde una doble perspectiva economica y juridica, a la reforma constitucional aprobada en Espana en 2011 en relacion con el principio de estabilidad presupuestaria. Inicialmente se hace alusion a la controversia historica acerca del recurso al deficit publico en el ambito de la Hacienda Publica. Posteriormente se aborda el papel de la estabilidad presupuestaria en el seno de la Union Economica y Monetaria Europea, asi como su aplicacion en el caso de Espana. Asimismo, despues de repasar el impacto de la crisis economica y financiera iniciada en 2007 en las cuentas publicas espanolas, se realiza un examen del proceso, contenido y alcance de la mencionada reforma constitucional. Se incluye una ultima seccion en la que se reflejan algunas conclusiones.