gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mathematics, Science, and Technology in Secondary Schools: Do Gender and Region Make a Difference? (2007)

This study examines possible interaction effects of gender and region (urban vs. rural) on student beliefs about women in math and science, their attitudes towards math and science, and their confidence in the use of technology. A secondary purpose of this study is to examine possible differences in confidence of using technology between high school students who consider math-related or science-related careers and those who do not. The data collected from an anonymous survey of 450 secondary students were analyzed. The results showed interaction effects of gender and region on student beliefs and attitudes. First, the gender differences in students’ beliefs about women in math and science changes significantly depending on the location of the school. Second, when region was considered, significant effects on students’ choice of mathematics- and science-related careers were identified. Urban students, regardless of their gender, were more likely to consider careers related requiring knowledge of science or mathematics than rural students. Résumé : Cette étude examine les effets d’interaction possibles du genre et de la région (la ville ou la banlieue) sur les croyances des étudiants à propos des femmes dans le domaine des mathématiques et des sciences, leurs attitudes envers les mathématiques et les sciences et leur confiance en l’utilisation de la technologie. Un objet secondaire de cette étude consiste à examiner les différences possibles en la confiance en l’utilisation des technologies entre les étudiants du secondaire qui envisagent des carrières dans le domaine des mathématiques ou des sciences et entre les étudiants pour qui ce n’est pas le cas. Nous avons analysé les données recueillies dans le cadre d’un sondage anonyme effectué auprès de 450 étudiants du secondaire. Les résultats ont indiqué des effets d’interaction du genre et de la région sur les croyances et les attitudes des étudiants. Tout d’abord, les différences de genre chez les croyances des étudiants relatives aux femmes en mathématiques et en sciences changent grandement selon l’emplacement de l’école. Ensuite, lorsqu’on tient compte de la région, nous avons observé des effets importants sur le choix par les étudiants de carrière en mathématiques ou en sciences. Les étudiants des villes, peu importe leur genre, envisagent plus souvent des carrières dans les domaines des sciences ou des mathématiques que les étudiants des banlieues.
Constrained Positron Flight in PET Imaging via Strong Magnetic Fields (2008)

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging is a noninvasive imaging technique that utilizes radioactive emissions to produce positron-electron annihilations. Annihilation events result in the production of a pair of detectable photons that travel anti-parallel to one another with a slight angle of acollinearity. PET imaging has found use in the field of medicine by attaching radiotracers to materials such as sugars and antibodies, where metabolizing these agents allows for the observation of specific internal regions of the patient. Dependent on the region to be observed, radioisotopes of varying energy spectra are attached to the appropriate agent and introduced to the patient. Higher-energy isotopes emit positrons that tend to travel further prior to annihilation, which correlates to poorer image resolution. This is because a higher-energy positron must scatter off of more electrons than a lower-energy positron in order to lose enough energy that an annihilation event is likely. Poor image resolution is also associated with imaging in less dense media, as the positron must travel further on average in order to collide with an electron. As the positron, the anti-particle of the electron, possesses the property of charge, the presence of a strong magnetic field can constrain the flight of the positron to a helical path. By constraining the flight of the positron, the average distance from the source to the annihilation point is reduced. While the positron travels the same distance overall, the displacement of the positron from its source is reduced, resulting in images with better resolution. Simulations of the imaging process in the absence and presence of strong, homogeneous magnetic fields have shown the theoretical effectiveness of performing PET scans in the presence of a strong magnetic field. In collaboration with the Ohio State University Medical Center, the laboratory of Dr. Klaus Honscheid has tested a novel silicon-silicon small-animal PET system in the presence of a 7 Tesla magnetic field. The experimental data agrees well with the predictions made by simulation.
Alginate-diltiazem hydrochloride beads: Optimization of formulation factors, <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> availability (2003)

Alginate beads containing diltiazem hydrochloride (DTZ) were prepared by the ionotropic gelation method. The effects of various factors (alginate concentration, additives type, calcium chloride concentration and curing time) on the efficiency of drug loading were investigated. The formulation containing a mixture of 0.8% methylcellulose (MC) and 4% alginate cured in 2% calcium chloride for 6 h was chosen as the best formula regarding the loading efficiency. The release rate of DTZ from various beads formulations was investigated. The release of drug from alginate beads followed two mechanisms; by diffusion and relaxation of the polymer at pH 1.2, whilst diffusion and erosion are at pH 6.8. The in vitro release of DTZ from MC-alginate beads showed an extended release pattern which was compared with that from commercially available sustained-release (Dilzem SR) and fast release tablets (Dilzem). Thermal analysis revealed that the drug was molecularly dispersed in the beads matrix. Although the release characteristics of DTZ from Dilzem SR and MC-alginate beads were completely different, the bioavailability of DTZ in dogs was comparable as measured by AUC, MRT and relative bioavailability. The absolute bioavailability of MC-alginate beads and Dilzem SR was 88 and 93%, respectively.
GENDER DILEMMAS, GENDER QUESTIONS, AND THE GENDER MANTRA (1991)

This paper discusses the social constructions of gender and the problematic effects of these constructions‐masculine/feminie‐on intimate attachments. It summarizes the aspect of feminist scholarship which revised the traditional developmental paradigm to include a psychology of women and cites recent infant research which re‐describes development as a process of increasingly complex forms of relatedness rather than as a progression from attachment to separation. The authors are influenced by the school of feminist revisionism which argues on behalf of the integration of male and female attributes in each person. Two clinical techniques are suggested‐“gender questions” and the “gender mantra”‐which identify the contradictions inherent in the social construction of gender and encourage alternative constructions that more adequately represent men's and women's actual psychological experience.
3-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-hexanone, a new compound characterized by a melted cheese flavour in dairy products (1994)

International audience
Chromatin Topology and the Regulation of Antigen Receptor Assembly (2012)

During an organism's ontogeny and in the adult, each B and T lymphocyte generates a unique antigen receptor, thereby creating the organism's ability to respond to a vast number of different antigens. The antigen receptor loci are organized into distinct regions that contain multiple variable (V), diversity (D), and/or joining (J) and constant (C) coding elements that are scattered across large genomic regions. In this review, we discuss the epigenetic modifications that take place in the different antigen receptor loci, the chromatin structure adopted by the antigen receptor loci to allow recombination of elements separated by large genomic distances, and the relationship between epigenetics and chromatin structure and how they relate to the generation of antigen receptor diversity.
Motor, Behavioral and Pharmacologic Findings in Tourette's Syndrome (1987)

We studied 112 patients with Tourette's syndrome (TS); the male-to-female ratio was 3.8, the mean age of onset was 7.3 years, and the average duration of symptoms prior to the initial evaluation was 15.2 years. Seventy-nine percent of the patients had at least one family member with motor or vocal tics, and an additional 10 percent had a family member with marked obsessive-compulsive behavior. Simple motor tics occurred as the presenting symptom in about one-third of patients; one-third had multiple motor tics at the onset, and another third started with vocal tics. During the course of the illness all patients developed multifocal motor tics and 86 percent had vocal tics. Verbal and mental coprolalia was present in 44 percent of the patients. Copropraxia was seen in 19 percent of patients, and both coprolalia and copropraxia were more frequent among the males than expected. Attentional deficit disorder was diagnosed in 36 percent of the patients and 32 percent had obsessive-compulsive personality. Sleep disturbances were reported by 62 percent of the patients and polysomnographs in 34 patients showed motor and vocal tics during all stage of sleep, sleep apnea, abnormal arousal pattern, and other sleep disturbances. Patients with mild symptoms improved with clonidine or clonazepam, but those with more advanced disorder required fluphenazine, pimozide, haloperidol or tetrabenazine.
Integrated Production Testing Framework to Improve Next Generation Production Workflows (2015)

Abstract Production Test data is a critical parameter for several production operations and reservoir management workflow. High quality Production test data is vital for better understanding of the flow behavior and rates to ensure optimized production and maximize the asset value. Current Production Testing practice in oil industry includes separator testing or MPFM at well heads or at degassing station. However, the frequency of testing varies between one to three months for each well which may not sufficient to realize the full potential of Digital Oil Field (DOF) workflows. Virtual Flow Metering (VFM) technique along with well model results shall provide continuous well rates that would significantly improve the quality of decisions made through the production workflow. This brings in a varied Production testing environment for different well categories and types. In order to continuously provide the real time production parameters to the DOF workflows, it is essential to integrate the different Production testing techniques through an Integrated Production Testing Framework. In this paper, the authors discuss an Integrated Production Testing Framework that comprise of validated real time and historical data, integrated workflows and the enabling technologies that includes calibrated well models, trained neural network models and visualization tools. Production test data obtained using traditional methods (PTS) and MPFM will be at low to medium frequency. VFM using neural network model estimates the flow rates continuously between the actual tests at a high frequency. This framework is suitable for production, injection wells that are installed with MPFM, PTS, water cut meters and covers different production testing scenarios Like PLT, ESP testing, Long-term MRT and step rate injectivity testing. The framework enables implementation of continuous estimated rates, exception based alarms, automatic well test validation, track well test operations, guidance for reservoir monitoring program, KPI monitoring, precise back allocation leading to better production optimization and reservoir management across oil and gas producing assets. This paper discusses an integrated approach to manage different Production testing methodologies to streamline the usage of the data for different workflows..
Content fragile watermarking based on a computer generated hologram coding technique (2005)

In this paper we present a content fragile watermarking based on a computer generated hologram coding technique. Content fragile watermarking techniques aim to prevent tampering and fraudulent use of modified images. A content fragile watermark monitors the integrity of the content of the image but not its numerical representation. Therefore, the watermark is designed so that the integrity is proven if the content of the image has not been tampered with. However, if parts of the image are replaced, the watermark information should indicate evidence of forgery. Using computer generated hologram watermarking, the embedded mark could be easily recovered by means of a Fourier transform. Due to this fact the host image can be tampered with and watermarked with the same holographic pattern. To avoid this possibility we have introduced an encryption method using a private key. The proposed technique is suitable for use for freelancers’ photography authentication. It could be applied to colour images as well as to grey-scale ones. The proposed schema is based on the knowledge of the original mark from the authentication entity, to apply image correlation between this and the extracted one.
Downregulation of the AT1A Receptor by Pharmacologic Concentrations of Angiotensin-(1-7) (2001)

Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7), the amino terminal heptapeptide fragment of Ang II, is an endogenous Ang peptide with vasodilatory and antiproliferative actions. Because Ang II causes vasoconstriction and promotes growth through activation of Ang type 1 (AT1) receptors, we investigated whether the actions of Ang-(1-7) are due to its regulation of these receptors. Studies were performed in CHO cells stably transfected with the AT1A receptor. Ang-(1-7) competed poorly with [125I]-Ang II for the AT1A binding site and was ineffective at shifting the IC50 for Ang II competition with [125I]-Ang II for binding to the AT1A receptor. However, if CHO-AT1A cells were pretreated with Ang-(1-7) and then treated with acidic glycine to remove surface-bound ligand, the heptapeptide caused a concentration-dependent reduction in Ang II binding, with a maximal inhibition to 67.8 +/- 4.6% of total (p < 0.05) at 1 microM Ang-(1-7) compared with a reduction to 24% of total by 10 nM Ang II. Ang-(1-7) pretreatment caused a small but significant decrease in the affinity of [125I]-Ang II for the AT1A receptor and a significant reduction in the total number of binding sites. The Ang-(1-7)-induced reduction in binding was rapid (occurring as early as 5 min after exposure to the peptide), was maintained for 30 min during continued exposure of the cells to Ang-(1-7), and rapidly recovered after removal of the heptapeptide. The AT1 receptor antagonist L-158,809 reduced the Ang-(1-7)-induced downregulation of the AT1A receptor, suggesting that interactions with AT1A receptors mediate the regulatory events. Pretreatment with 1 microM or 10 microM Ang-(1-7) significantly reduced inositol phosphate production in response to 10 nM Ang II. The decrease in binding and responsiveness of the AT1A receptor after exposure to micromolar concentrations of Ang-(1-7) suggests that the heptapeptide downregulates the AT1A receptor to reduce responses to Ang II. Because downregulation of the receptor only occurred at micromolar concentrations of the heptapeptide, our findings suggest that Ang-(1-7) is not a potent antagonist at the AT1A receptor. However, when the balance between Ang II and Ang-(1-7) is shifted in favor of Ang-(1-7), such as during inhibition of Ang-converting enzyme, some contribution of this mechanism may come into play.
Environmental Mass Spectrometry: Emerging Contaminants and Current Issues (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTEnvironmental Mass Spectrometry: Emerging Contaminants and Current IssuesSusan D. RichardsonView Author Information National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605, United StatesCite this: Anal. Chem. 2012, 84, 2, 747–778Publication Date (Web):December 6, 2011Publication History Published online6 December 2011Published inissue 17 January 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac202903dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ac202903dreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © This article not subject to U.S. Copyright. Published 2011 by the American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views10520Altmetric-Citations269LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chlorine,Drinking water,Impurities,Pharmaceuticals,Wastewater Get e-Alerts
Soundings: Shells and sore feet (1999)

“When did your belly start to ache?”

“Yesterday, after lunch.”

I had examined him through the anamnesis and found fever, dehydration, diarrhoea, and abdominal pain. It looked like gastroenteritis. It would be a normal scene in an emergency room. But I was sitting on the floor of the room I would share with him and six other people in a little dormitory in a small village along the Way of St James, the legendary 1100 year old route leading westward through northern Spain to the city of Santiago de Compostela. All of us had a vieira (scallop shell) around our necks identifying us as pilgrims.

“Have you eaten anything today?”

“Yesterday I ate some rice with peppers and oil. Since then, I haven’t eaten anything, I’m too sick.”

No hunger along the Way—there are plenty of restaurants, bars, and small markets where you can buy fine cheese, ham, bread, and tomatoes to make sandwiches or prepare a hot meal in the dormitory’s kitchen, but the regional dishes may be tricky for the unprepared pilgrim.

“Okay, people, let me see what we have here.”

They offered their possessions—food, medicines—before I’d asked. On the Way you learn to share, to give without parsimony and receive without embarrassment, a communal life style necessary in dormitories where you eat, sleep, and bathe with people of all sexes, ages, and countries, united together by our common human nature with all its frailty and glory.

A Spanish woman went to buy some crackers for him; a Swedish couple gave some charcoal tablets for diarrhoea; a Brazilian woman took his hand and began a soothing conversation. I went to the dormitory’s kitchen to prepare a bottle of homemade oral rehydration solution using the World Health Organisation’s formula: salt, sugar and mineral water, with sodium bicarbonate and some lemon juice for flavouring.

Later, I drained some blisters on sore feet, ate something, and went to sleep and rest for the next day’s walk.

“I’m hungry,” he says the morning afterwards, when he joined us at the dormitory’s table for breakfast. I gave him my last apple to eat with the crackers, the WHO formula, and some camomile tea.

He was still eating when we left the dormitory to follow the Way to its end.
Automated Source Code Changes Classification for Effective Code Review and Analysis (2008)

Software development process is a complex sequence of actions having source code of working system as a result. All project participants should track changes in source code during work process to know what's happening. However to make manual code review everyone should have corresponding technical skills and a lot of time to spend. This work describes usage of automated source code changes classification aimed to control source code evolution. The method bases on statistical clusterization of change metrics. In this work we show usage of automatic classification of changes to optimize code review and code change control on final development stages. Development process report building is also shown.
The Antibacterial Properties of Some Plants Found in Hawaii (1950)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Effect of low level laser therapy in rheumatoid arthritis patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (2007)

our study results indicate that LLLT and placebo laser therapy seems to be effective for pain and hand function in CTS. We, therefore, suggest that LLLT may be used as a good alternative treatment method in CTS patients with RA.
An Historical Study of the Beginnings of Packet Switching (2001)

Journal Article An Historical Study of the Beginnings of Packet Switching Get access D. W. Davies D. W. Davies Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Computer Journal, Volume 44, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 152–162, https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/44.3.152 Published: 01 January 2001
Dairy Rheology: A Concise Guide (1992)

Viscoelasticity / non-linear fluids instruments sensory tests the semantic proble milk cream butter cheese whipped cream yoghurt ice cream lactose-based products.
Strong intramolecular calcium–π interactions with aryl substituents – requirements and limitations (2014)

The amidines Dipp-N=C(tBu)-N(H)-Qu (1a) (Dipp = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl, Qu = 8-quinolyl) and Dipp-N=C(tBu)-N(H)-Py (1b) (Py = 2-pyridyl) are deprotonated with KN(SiMe3)2, yielding potassium N-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-N'-(8-quinolyl)pivalamidinate (2a) and potassium N-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-N'-(2-pyridyl)pivalamidinate (2b). Metalation of 1a with [(thf)2Ca{N(SiMe3)2}2] in tetrahydrofuran (thf) leads to the formation of ether-free calcium bis[N-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-N'-(8-quinolyl)pivalamidinate] (3a) with a strong intramolecular calcium-π interaction with one Dipp group. Furthermore, agostic bonds to one tert-butyl substituent complete the coordination sphere of the metal center and stabilize this bonding situation. The metathesis reaction of 2b with [(thf)4CaI2] yields the thf adduct of calcium bis[N-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-N'-(2-pyridyl)pivalamidinate] (3b). In addition to the bonds between calcium and the hard Lewis bases (oxygen of thf, nitrogen atoms of the pyridylamido moieties), anagostic Ca-H bonds to the tert-butyl substituents complete the coordination sphere. The intramolecular calcium-π interaction with an aryl group as observed in 3a requires steric shielding of the alkaline earth metal center, safely excluding the formation of a complex with more than one thf ligand.
Many Ribosomal Protein Genes Are Cancer Genes in Zebrafish (2004)

We have generated several hundred lines of zebrafish (Danio rerio), each heterozygous for a recessive embryonic lethal mutation. Since many tumor suppressor genes are recessive lethals, we screened our colony for lines that display early mortality and/or gross evidence of tumors. We identified 12 lines with elevated cancer incidence. Fish from these lines develop malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, and in some cases also other tumor types, with moderate to very high frequencies. Surprisingly, 11 of the 12 lines were each heterozygous for a mutation in a different ribosomal protein (RP) gene, while one line was heterozygous for a mutation in a zebrafish paralog of the human and mouse tumor suppressor gene, neurofibromatosis type 2. Our findings suggest that many RP genes may act as haploinsufficient tumor suppressors in fish. Many RP genes might also be cancer genes in humans, where their role in tumorigenesis could easily have escaped detection up to now.