gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystallization of a trimeric human T cell leukemia virus type 1 gp21 ectodomain fragment as a chimera with maltose‐binding protein (1998)

We present a novel protein crystallization strategy, applied to the crystallization of human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) transmembrane protein gp21 lacking the fusion peptide and the transmembrane domain, as a chimera with the Escherichia coli maltose binding protein (MBP). Crystals could not be obtained with a MBP/gp21 fusion protein in which fusion partners were separated by a flexible linker, but were obtained after connecting the MBP C-terminal alpha-helix to the predicted N-terminal alpha-helical sequence of gp21 via three alanine residues. The gp21 sequences conferred a trimeric structure to the soluble fusion proteins as assessed by sedimentation equilibrium and X-ray diffraction, consistent with the trimeric structures of other retroviral transmembrane proteins. The envelope protein precursor, gp62, is likewise trimeric when expressed in mammalian cells. Our results suggest that MBP may have a general application for the crystallization of proteins containing N-terminal alpha-helical sequences.
Control of Dynamically Inherent Biological Processes in Cell Technolog (2018)

The cultivation of human cells for diagnostic or biomedical applications is an interesting topic for the automation industry. However, classical automation concepts using an imperative programming paradigm reach their limits because of the inherent dynamical behavior of donor specific cells. In particular sophisticated cell culture processes, such as many stem cell technologies, have still to be executed manually, which renders them labor intensive and causes varying cell quality. In contrast to classical products, which for example are made of metal or plastic, living cells in culture are subject to changes in growth and functional properties depending on internal or external stimuli. Therefore, constant observation of the cells over extended periods of time is necessary. The evaluation of these observations serves as a basis for decision-making and online process adaptation. Finally, process adaptation leads to adjustments in scheduling. This paper presents a novel concept of rule-based modeling of cell culture processes, process adaption and dynamic scheduling. The concept was validated using a general process chain including the most common decision situation within a cell cultivation process.
A molecular and immunochemical characterization of mouse CR2. Evidence for a single gene model of mouse complement receptors 1 and 2. (1990)

The relationships between functional, biochemical, and genetic homologues of human and mouse C receptors 1 (CR1) and 2 (CR2) are incompletely understood. We have isolated and characterized a partial mouse CR2 cDNA clone and determined the exon-intron organization of the gene encoding it. Together they predict a form of mouse CR2 highly identical to the 15 short consensus repeat form of human CR2. Strong similarities in genomic organization and exon-intron junctions indicate that this mouse gene and human CR2 are evolutionary homologues. A polyclonal rabbit anti-mouse CR2 fusion protein, BRN-1, was prepared. BRN-1 immunoprecipitates bands of 155 to 160 kDa under nonreducing conditions in mouse CR2 expressing B cell lines. In mouse spleen a doublet of 155 kDa and 190 kDa under nonreducing and 165 and 205 kDa under reducing conditions is recognized by immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis. Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease maps of these two proteins show many shared bands. Crossed immunoprecipitation using BRN-1 and 7E9, a previously described mAb reported to identify the 190-kDa mouse CR1 and a smaller 150-kDa protein, indicates that both antibodies react with the same proteins. Therefore, by using BRN-1 we have now linked the genetic mouse CR2 to its functional, biochemically characterized gene product. The observation that BRN-1 also recognizes a second 190-kDa mouse protein defined functionally as a homologue of human CR1, and that these proteins have very similar peptide maps, provides strong evidence that these two proteins are expressed by a single mouse CR2/CR1 transcription unit.
Studies of Crop Loss following Insect Attack on Cotton in East Africa (1957)

The study of crop loss following insect attack on cotton in Uganda, described in Part I of this work, was continued for two further seasons (1954–56), using the same experimental procedure, except that half the DDT in the spray formulation was replaced by toxaphene, only three periods of protective treatment were used for each date of sowing, and the late-season ones were continued until boll-opening was complete, so as to give maximum control of boll worm. Methods are described of estimating an index of leaf damage caused by Lygus spp., based on comparisons with standard grades. At Serere (Eastern Province), the index of leaf damage was closely related to Lygus populations in the crop, and at Namulonge (Buganda) it was markedly reduced on plots protected from Lygus attack, but in the 1954–56 experiments no relationship could be found between the mean seasonal index and the loss of fruiting bodies attributable to Lygus attack, or the final yield. Analysis of the cause and incidence of shedding of developing fruit bodies (flower buds or young bolls, the latter predominating among those recovered) showed that the total amount of shedding was roughly the same whatever the treatment, that due to insect damage tending to be balanced by that due to other causes, which were probably physiological in nature. There was thus some over-riding factor, other than pest attack, that governed the crop finally held by the plant. Damage caused by insects to older bolls, which do not shed, constitutes a real loss that is reflected in the final harvest. The proportion of clean seed cotton was higher in the treated plots, particularly in the early-sown cotton, in which analysis of the harvested locules showed that the damage was predominantly due to bollworm, but there were no significant differences in yield between the various treatments in either date of sowing or in either season. It is concluded that under such conditions as those experienced at the Research Station in the three seasons of the experiments, insect damage to cotton is small in relation to other environmental factors governing crop production.
Session 13 overview / analog: Analog techniques (2011)

Summary form only given. Design of state-of-the-art analog circuits for energy-efficient power delivery and high-performance amplification pose significant challenges in modern electronic systems. Advances with LED drivers have enabled a new frontier for energy efficient lighting technology. Progress in audio amplifier design has resulted in longer battery life for mobile devices and has affected our daily life with prolonged delivery of entertainment and information. Operational and instrumentation amplifiers have made interfacing of our real analog world to digital processing systems possible.
Personalized Education; Solving a Group Formation and Scheduling Problem for Educational Content. (2015)

Wether teaching in a classroom or a Massive Online Open Course it is crucial to present the material in a way that benefits the audience as a whole. We identify two important tasks to solve towards this objective; (1.) group students so that they can maximally benefit from peer interaction and (2.) find an optimal schedule of the educational material for each group. Thus, in this paper we solve the problem of team formation and content scheduling for education. Given a time frame d, a set of students S with their required need to learn different activities T and given k as the number of desired groups, we study the problem of finding k group of students. The goal is to teach students within time frame d such that their potential for learning is maximized and find the best schedule for each group. We show this problem to be NP-hard and develop a polynomial algorithm for it. We show our algorithm to be effective both on synthetic as well as a real data set. For our experiments we use real data on students ’ grades in a Computer Science department. As part of our contribution we release a semi-synthetic dataset that mimics the properties of the real data.
A Non-Invasive Method for Detection, Analysis and Measurement of Metals in the Eye (1977)

This is a report on an attempt to measure the concentration of metals in eyes containing metallic, non-magnetic intraocular foreign bodies. This measurement is of clinical importance since there is no other clinical investigation that gives unequivocal indication for removal of non-magnetic intraocular foreign bodies before damage is sustained by the eye.
Plan recognition and discourse analysis: an integrated approach for understanding dialogues (1986)

One promising computational approach to understanding dialogues has involved modeling the goals of the speakers in the domain of discourse. In general, these models work well as long as the topic follows the goal structure closely, but they have difficulty accounting for interrupting subdialogues such as clarifications and corrections. Furthermore, such models are typically unable to use many processing clues provided by the linguistic phenomena of the dialogues. This dissertation presents a computational theory and partial implementation of a discourse level model of dialogue understanding. The theory extends and integrates plan-based and linguistic-based approaches to language processing, arguing that such a synthesis is needed to computationally handle many discourse level phenomena present in naturally occurring dialogues. The simple, fairly syntactic results of discourse analysis (for example, explanations of phenomena in terms of very local discourse contexts as well as correlations between syntactic devices and discourse function) will be input to the plan recognition system, while the more complex inferential processes relating utterances have been totally reformulated within a plan-based framework.
Integration of a computerized two-finger gripper for robot workstation safety (1988)

A microprocessor-based controller has been developed that continuously monitors and adjusts the gripping force applied by a special two-finger gripper. This computerized force sensing gripper system enables the endeffector gripping action to be independently detected and corrected. The gripping force applied to a manipulated object is real-time monitored for problem situations, situations which can occur during both planned and errant robot arm manipulation. When unspecified force conditions occur at the gripper, the gripping force controller initiates specific reactions to cause dynamic corrections to the continuously variable gripping action. The force controller for this intelligent gripper has been interfaced to the controller of an industrial robot. The gripper and robot controllers communicate to accomplish the successful completion of normal gripper operations as well as unexpected hazardous situations. An example of an unexpected gripping condition would be the sudden deformation of the object being manipulated by the robot. The capabilities of the interfaced gripper-robot system to apply workstation safety measures (e.g., stop the robot) when these unexpected gripping effects occur have been assessed.
Second‐trimester genetic sonogram for detection of fetal chromosomal abnormalities in a community‐based antenatal testing unit (2009)

In a community-based antenatal testing unit we have demonstrated a detection rate for fetal Down syndrome with the second-trimester genetic sonogram that is comparable to the range of sensitivities reported by larger centers involving primarily high-risk patients. However, only 12 of the 32 fetal chromosomal abnormalities that we encountered were Down syndrome.
Novel concepts for Surface Movement Radar design (2008)

Traditional millimeter wave Surface Movement Radar (SMR) have been designed and tested. A novel concept for the design of a new SMR is suggested based upon Synthetic Aperture Antenna and Noise Radar Technology. It enables designing of SMR without mechanical rotation of an antenna, but applying several nonmoving Synthetic Aperture Antennas instead. Application of Noise Radar Technology is also considered in more detail to improve the expected performance of a new SMR.
Mechanism of Self-Assembly and Rupture of Cross-Linked Microspheres and Microgels at the Oil−Water Interface (2003)

Lightly cross-linked, swellable poly(divinylbenzene-alt-maleic anhydride) microgels were allowed to self-assemble at the oil−water interfaces of a propyl acetate−water suspension and covalently fixed in place using polyamines to form novel, flexible microgel capsules. The capsule wall morphology was studied by optical and environmental scanning electron microscopies. The mechanism of tectocapsule formation and core solvent release is discussed.
Prophylactic vaccines for prevention of prostate cancer (2012)

Prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in men. There are various modalities for treatment of prostate cancer. Immunotherapy with several vaccines and antibodies has also been successfully used with positive clinical outcome in prostate cancer patients. The majority of these vaccines are palliative and have been employed when a person is already diagnosed with prostate cancer. The aim of this article is to review various vaccines that have been examined for immunoprophylactic prevention of initiation/development/metastasis of prostate cancer. The Pubmed database and Google Scholar search identified 26 articles on various vaccines that have been investigated for prophylactic prevention of cancer development. These vaccines targeted prostate-specific/restricted antigens (PSA/PSMA/PSCA), oncoproteins (GRP/MUC family, erbB2/HER-2/neu), whole tumor cell antigens, prostate regulating hormones (GnRH/testosterone), and various cytokines and immune modulators. The data indicates that the development of immunoprophylactic vaccines for prostate cancer is an exciting proposition, which can translate into a viable reality for clinical application in humans.
The universal red-giant oscillation pattern (2010)

Aims. The CoRoT and Kepler satellites have provided thousands of red-giant oscillation spectra. The analysis of these spectra requires efficient methods of identifying all eigenmode parameters.
The electroreduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide on fluidized cathodes (1975)

Abstract The cathodic reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide on fluidized beds of graphite has been studied. The cathodes were fluidized by an oxygen saturated solution of 0.1M NaOH, or by the simultaneous introduction of oxygen gas and hydroxide solution. With increasing current density, the current efficiency always decreased while the product peroxide concentration went through a maximum. In the two‐phase system the maximum peroxide concentration increased with bed height. Both current efficiency and the rate of peroxide production generally decreased with catholyte flowrate. For the three‐phase fluidized cathode the rate of peroxide production and the current efficiency increased with both catholyte and oxygen flowrate. Possible rate controlling steps are discussed. Current densities for both two phase and three phase fluidized beds were too low to be of commercial use.
Simple calculation method of the intermodulation distortion of multiple‐carrier amplifiers operating in weakly nonlinear region (1995)

Abstract Simple calculation method of the intermodulation distortion of multiple‐carrier amplifiers operating in weakly nonlinear region is presented. This method is based on the approximation that is effective when (1) the transfer characteristics of carriers are regarded as linear, and (2) the third‐order intermodulation distortion ratio versus the output power has 2 dB/dB slope. As the number of the carriers n →∞, the intermodulation distortion ratio approaches the value of 10 log 10 (3/2) + 6 = 7.76 dB higher than the third‐order intermodulation distortion ratio in the case of two‐carrier amplification at the same output power.
Polyketide Synthase: Sequence, Structure, and Function (2014)

This chapter describes structural and associated enzymological studies of polyketide synthases. The sequence-structure-function relationship of polyketide biosynthesis, compared with homologous fatty acid synthesis, is discussed in detail. The structural and functional studies shed light on sequence and structural motifs important for the timing, substrate recognition, enzyme catalysis and protein-protein interactions leading to the extraordinary structural diversity of naturally-occurring polyketides.
A critical examination of indices of dynamic interaction for wildlife telemetry studies (2014)

Wildlife scientists continue to be interested in studying ways to quantify how the movements of animals are interdependent - dynamic interaction. While a number of applied studies of dynamic interaction exist, little is known about the comparative effectiveness and applicability of available methods used for quantifying interactions between animals. We highlight the formulation, implementation and interpretation of a suite of eight currently available indices of dynamic interaction. Point- and path-based approaches are contrasted to demonstrate differences between methods and underlying assumptions on telemetry data. Correlated and biased correlated random walks were simulated at a range of sampling resolutions to generate scenarios with dynamic interaction present and absent. We evaluate the effectiveness of each index at identifying different types of interactive behaviour at each sampling resolution. Each index is then applied to an empirical telemetry data set of three white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) dyads. Results from the simulated data show that three indices of dynamic interaction reliant on statistical testing procedures are susceptible to Type I error, which increases at fine sampling resolutions. In the white-tailed deer examples, a recently developed index for quantifying local-level cohesive movement behaviour (the di index) provides revealing information on the presence of infrequent and varying interactions in space and time. Point-based approaches implemented with finely sampled telemetry data overestimate the presence of interactions (Type I errors). Indices producing only a single global statistic (7 of the 8 indices) are unable to quantify infrequent and varying interactions through time. The quantification of infrequent and variable interactive behaviour has important implications for the spread of disease and the prevalence of social behaviour in wildlife. Guidelines are presented to inform researchers wishing to study dynamic interaction patterns in their own telemetry data sets. Finally, we make our code openly available, in the statistical software R, for computing each index of dynamic interaction presented herein.
Histomorphological and Molecular Assessments of the Fixation Times Comparing Formalin and Ethanol-Based Fixatives (2017)

The lack of standardization of tissue handling and processing hinders the development and validation of new biomarkers in research and clinical settings. We compared the histomorphology and the quality and quantity of biomolecules in paraffin-embedded mouse tissues, followed by fixation with neutral buffered formalin (NBF), 70% ethanol, and buffered ethanol (BE70) fixative. The quality of the histomorphology and immunohistochemistry in BE70 was relatively time-independent, whereas those in NBF rapidly decreased after 1 week of fixation. Protein recovered from tissue fixed in 70% ethanol and BE70 was compatible with Western blot and protein array using AKT and GAPDH antibodies, regardless of the fixation time. In addition, the quality and quantity of RNA extracted from tissue in ethanol-based fixative showed minimal changes from 4 hr to 6 months, whereas NBF had a dramatic detrimental change in RNA quality after 1 week of fixation. Furthermore, ethanol-based fixative offers a superior DNA template for PCR amplification-based molecular assays than NBF. In conclusion, coagulative, ethanol-based fixatives show a broader time spectrum than the aldehyde crosslinking fixative NBF in their histomorphological features and the quantity and quality of the biomolecules from paraffin-embedded tissue, and they may facilitate the use of fixative-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues in research and clinical laboratories, avoiding overfixation.
3210 Development of Experimental Setup for Running Performance of Guideway Vehicles with Scale Model (2001)

This paper presents the outline of the developed experimental setup for guideway vehicles with scaled model. It is important to study on the interaction between wheel and rail to improve the running performance of vehicles. The scaled model experiments are very useful from the viewpoint of cost and availability. The test machine with roller rig has several drawbacks in simulation of tight curved truck. In the developed experimental setup, it has a tight curved truck(R=3.3m) with variable cant. This allows us to observe the wheelset behavior under the various curved truck conditions. This paper shows the detailed feature of the set up and application plans for experimental study on some new projects.
NERVA fuel element development program, July 1966--June 1972. Characterization of vapor-deposited niobium and zirconium carbides (1973)

Chemical and physical properties of vapor-deposited niobium carbide and zirconium carbide have been determined by the fabrication of thick-wall tubes of each carbide under varying deposition conditions. The effects studied included coefficient of thermal expansion, density, impurity level, carbon-to-metal ratio, and metallographic structure. The niobium carbide coatings contained less than 3,000 parts per million impurities, and the impurity level decreased when the deposition temperature was increased. Some of the zirconium carbide coatings contained four percent oxygen and chlorine, and the impure coatings were unstable when heated above the deposition temperature of 1,100°C. The amount of instability was primarily related to the oxygen and chlorine content; an increased deposition temperature reduced the impurity contents to less than 500 ppm. The higher-temperature process conditions produced coatings with a predictable and consistent coefficient of thermal expansion value which could be repeatedly heated to 2,000°C (~ 700°C above the deposition temperature) without any detrimental effects such as weight and volume changes. The weight and volume changes were related to the impurities being evolved when the coatings were heated to temperatures of 1,600 to 1,800°C.
Composition of plant leaf wax, phase behavior of major components and effects of hydration (2013)

The aim of this project was to characterize thermotropic phase behavior and morphology of major wax components of a plant leaf cuticle in dry and hydrated conditions.\nThe composition of the cuticular wax from adaxial leaves of the plant Clivia Miniata Regel was characterized by GC-MS. The analysis showed that the wax is dominated by aliphatic compounds, mainly alkanes (C22-C33) and alcohols (C16-C32). Based on this analysis a model wax was composed comprising 1-docosanol (C22H45OH) and dotriacontane (C32H66). The simplicity of the model allowed for a thorough physical-chemical analysis of the system. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Small Angle X-ray Diffraction (SAXD) were employed to map the phase behavior and morphology of the C22H45OH/C32H66/H2O system. \nIn dry stateC22H45OH and C32H66 observe eutectic interaction with substantial changes in the melting temperatures. C32H66 transforms to a second crystalline phase just below the eutectic point.C32H66 do not interact with water but C22H45OH forms a hydrate with a conformational change in hydrocarbon chain packing. \nLong chain alcohols is a major component in cuticular wax of many plant species and their ability to form hydrates with less ordered chain conformation can add to the understanding of the nature and barrier function of the plant leaf cuticle.