gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Error Detection and Copyright Protection Scheme for MPEG2 Video (2005)

This paper proposes an copyright protection and error detection/recovery scheme for MPEG-2 video using Digital Watermarking and Error Control Coding (ECC) algorithms. Instead of being directly embedding into the MPEG2 video the copyright information is first passed through an ECC encoder to generate an ECC coded watermark. The ECC coded watermark is embedded into each 8x8 block of the I frame. At the decoder the watermark can be extracted and automatically corrected by ECC decoding. The embedded watermark information can also be used to detect and locate the transmission errors in the video stream. A video recovery method can then be applied to improve the quality of the transmitted video. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme is able to detect errors in the video stream while decoding and reconstructing copyright information more correctly than the traditional method.
Energy-Aware Operation of Black Box Surveillance Cameras under Event Uncertainty and Memory Constraint (2012)

In this paper, we propose an event-driven black box surveillance camera which reduces energy consumption by waking up the system only when an event is detected and dynamically adjusting the video encoding and the resultant image distortion according to the criticality of captured frames called significance level. To achieve this goal, we find an encoding bitrate minimizing the energy consumption of the camera while satisfying the limited memory space constraint and distortion requirement at each significance level by judiciously allocating bit-rate to each significance level. To do that, we considered the trade-off relations between the total energy consumption vs. encoding bit-rate according to the significance level. For further energy savings, we also proposed a low complexity solution which adjusts the energy-minimal encoding bit-rate based on the dynamically changing event behavior, i.e., timing and duration of events. Experimental results show that the proposed method yields up to 67.49% (49.19% on average) energy savings compared to the conventional bitrate allocation methods.
High-speed ring electrodynamic valve. [Gas flows] (1975)

A new type of high-speed gas valve is described for experiments with plasma that require fast injection of large amounts of gas into a vacuum. The opening time of the valve is approximately 20 ..mu..sec; the time for which the open state lasts can be controlled in the 100-1000 ..mu..sec range by the voltage across the capacitor and by the stiffness of the damper. The duration of the gas front is approximately 50 ..mu..sec, after which a practically constant gas feed in the indicated time interval takes place. No repeated parasitic oscillations take place. The valve allows control of the rate of gas admission over limits that extend up to three orders of magnitude by variation of pressure ahead of the valve.
SCOPPI: a structural classification of protein-protein interfaces (2005)

SCOPPI, the structural classification of protein-protein interfaces, is a comprehensive database that classifies and annotates domain interactions derived from all known protein structures. SCOPPI applies SCOP domain definitions and a distance criterion to determine inter-domain interfaces. Using a novel method based on multiple sequence and structural alignments of SCOP families, SCOPPI presents a comprehensive geometrical classification of domain interfaces. Various interface characteristics such as number, type and position of interacting amino acids, conservation, interface size, and permanent or transient nature of the interaction are further provided. Proteins in SCOPPI are annotated with Gene Ontology terms, and the ontology can be used to quickly browse SCOPPI. Screenshots are available for every interface and its participating domains. Here, we describe contents and features of the web-based user interface as well as the underlying methods used to generate SCOPPI's data. In addition, we present a number of examples where SCOPPI becomes a useful tool to analyze viral mimicry of human interface binding sites, gene fusion events, conservation of interface residues and diversity of interface localizations. SCOPPI is available at http://www.scoppi.org.
Building China’s Intellectual Property Regime: Adapting and Transforming to Global Demands (2014)

This paper examines the development of Intellectual property (I.P.) in China from 1978 up to the 21st century. From 1978 to China’s accession into the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, the state’s I.P. laws have continuously evolved. The crafting of laws to fall in sync with the country’s modernization goals was intercepted by foreign pressure that sought to streamline them with international standards. China’s compliance mirrors its desire to become a more globally integrated and competitive nation. Although major improvements have been achieved since 1978, I.P. in China continues to be an issue given the limitations and challenges of enforcement.
History of Service Robots (2012)

The short history of service robots with its precursors is given. Next, the definition of service robot is discussed and some statistical data is given. The described history of service robots covers the ancient period with robot precursors, the middle ages, and the period of industrial revolution. The representative examples of different kinds of service robots built in the twentieth century are given. The chapter is concluded with future trends.
A keyword-aware grammar framework for LVCSR-based spoken keyword search (2015)

In this paper, we proposed a method to realize the recently developed keyword-aware grammar for LVCSR-based keyword search using weight finite-state automata (WFSA). The approach creates a compact and deterministic grammar WFSA by inserting keyword paths to an existing n-gram WFSA. Tested on the evalpart1 data of the IARPA Babel OpenKWS13 Vietnamese and OpenKWS14 Tamil limited language pack tasks, the experimental results indicate the proposed keyword-aware framework achieves significant improvement, with about 50% relative actual term weighted value (ATWV) enhancement for both languages. Comparisons between the keyword-aware grammar and our previously proposed n-gram LM based approximation approach for the grammar also show that the KWS performances of these two realizations are complementary.
Polymer-Caged Nanobins for Synergistic Cisplatin−Doxorubicin Combination Chemotherapy (2010)

Multicomponent chemotherapy has increasingly become a strategy of great importance in clinical cancer treatments. However, this type of chemotherapy has not been demonstrated in nanoscale delivery vehicles where two cytotoxic agents can be packaged together, potentially leading to synergistic drug activities. Herein, we present the codelivery of doxorubicin and cisplatin via a single polymer-caged nanobin (PCN) and show that copackaging can yield strong synergy in the efficacy of these agents. Such a PCN comprises a doxorubicin-encapsulated liposomal core protected by a pH-responsive cisplatin prodrug-loaded polymer shell with tunable drug ratios and surface charge potentials. This dual-agent Pt-PCN(DXR) formulation dramatically enhances the overall cytotoxicity of each drug against cancer cells at reduced doses and exhibits higher synergy than combinations of either the free drugs or separately nano-packaged drugs. These results clearly indicate that the polymer-caged nanobin platform can offer new means for building synergy into combination chemotherapy regimens.
Correction of phonographic errors in natural language interfaces (1988)

In this paper, we point out that, in applications available to the general public, and/or natural language interfaces, the correction of phonographic errors (which are competence errors) is far more important than the correction of typographical errors (which are simply performance errors). Many studies aimed at the correction of typographical errors have been carried out, but relatively few tackle the problem of phonographic correction, and they are generally based on more or less ad hoc methods. We propose a mathematical framework for phonographic correction by defining a similarity relation between phonetically related substrings and a dissimilarity index between strings. We also provide a simple and efficient algorithm for recognizing words in dictionaries from misspelt inputs including both typographical and phonographic errors.
Organic Nitrates: Past, Present and Future (2014)

Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most important vasodilator molecules produced by the endothelium. It has already been established that NO/cGMP signaling pathway deficiencies are involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms of many cardiovascular diseases. In this context, the development of NO-releasing drugs for therapeutic use appears to be an effective alternative to replace the deficient endogenous NO and mimic the role of this molecule in the body. Organic nitrates represent the oldest class of NO donors that have been clinically used. Considering that tolerance can occur when these drugs are applied chronically, the search for new compounds of this class with lower tolerance potential is increasing. Here, we briefly discuss the mechanisms involved in nitrate tolerance and highlight some achievements from our group in the development of new organic nitrates and their preclinical application in cardiovascular disorders.
Switching to the Mac: The Missing Manual, Panther Edition (2004)

It's little wonder that longtime Windows users are migrating in droves to the new Mac. They're fed up with the virus-prone Windows way of life, and they're lured by Apple's well-deserved reputation for producing great all-around computers that are reliable, user-friendly, well designed, and now--with the $500 Mac mini--extremely affordable, too. Whether you're drawn to the Mac's stability, its stunning digital media suite, or the fact that a whole computer can look and feel as slick as your iPod, you can quickly and easily become a Mac convert. But consider yourself warned: a Mac isn't just a Windows machine in a prettier box; it's a whole different animal and a whole new computing experience.If you're contemplating--or have already made--the switch from a Windows PC to a Mac, you need Switching to the Mac: The Missing Manual, Tiger Edition. This incomparable guide delivers what Apple doesn't: everything you need to know to successfully and painlessly move to a Mac.The latest reprint of this book has been updated to reflect the new generation of Mac models that run on Intel chips. There's even a new appendix that guides you through the installation of Windows XP on your Macintosh (using adapter software like Boot Camp or Parallels), so that you have the best of all worlds: a single, beautiful machine that can run 100 percent of the world's desktop software. (Note to people who've already bought the book: This appendix is available as a free PDF download from missingmanuals.com.)Missing Manual series creator and bestselling author David Pogue teams up with 17-year-old whiz kid and founder of GoldfishSoft (www.goldfishsoft.com) Adam Goldstein to cover every aspect of switching to a Mac--things like transferring email, files, and addresses from a PC to a Mac; getting acquainted with the Mac's interface; adapting to Mac versions of familiar programs (including Microsoft Office); setting up a network to share files with PCs and Macs; and using the printers, scanners, and other peripherals you already own.Covering the latest in Mac OS X v.10.4 Tiger, Switching to the Mac: The Missing Manual, Tiger Edition explains the hundreds of innovative new features to the Mac OS and how you can understand and make the very most of each.Whether you're a novice or a power user, Switching to the Mac: The Missing Manual, Tiger Edition, teaches you how to smoothly and seamlessly replace (or supplement) your Windows machine--in a refreshingly funny and down-to-earth style--with a mighty Mac.
Non-Grignard and Lewis Acid-Free Sulfone Electrolytes for Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries (2017)

A major challenge for developing rechargeable Mg-ion batteries (MIB) is the lack of suitable electrolytes. We report herein dialkyl sulfones as non-Grignard and Lewis acid-free MIB electrolytes. In particular, a dipropyl sulfone (DPSO)/tetrahydrofuran (THF) (1/1, v/v) solution with MgCl2 salt exhibits high ionic conductivity (1.1 mS cm–1 at 30 °C), Mg cycling efficiency (>90%), and anodic stability (ca. 3.0 V vs Mg). As evidenced by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, a novel [Mg(DPSO)6]2+ cation complex balanced by two [MgCl3(THF)]− anions is identified in the DPSO/THF solution. The DPSO/THF electrolyte also enables excellent cycle performance (>300 cycles) of a Chevrel phase Mo6S8 cathode and displays a decent compatibility with an organic cathode (3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, PTCDA). Along with the superior electrochemical properties of the DPSO/THF electrolyte, its innate chemical stability and eco-friendly nature make it a promising MIB electrolyte.
Dynamical model development and parameter identification for an anaerobic wastewater treatment process (2001)

This paper deals with the development and the parameter identification of an anaerobic digestion process model. A two-step (acidogenesis-methanization) mass-balance model has been considered. The model incorporates electrochemical equilibria in order to include the alkalinity, which has to play a central role in the related monitoring and control strategy of a treatment plant. The identification is based on a set of dynamical experiments designed to cover a wide spectrum of operating conditions that are likely to take place in the practical operation of the plant. A step by step identification procedure to estimate the model parameters is presented. The results of 70 days of experiments in a 1-m(3) fermenter are then used to validate the model.
Comparison of the sulfation rates of calcium, magnesium and zinc oxides with SO<sub>2</sub> and SO<sub>3</sub> (1985)

Abstract The sulfation rates of reagent grade calcium and zinc oxides and technical grade magnesium oxide with sulfur trioxide and sulfur dioxide ‐ oxygen mixtures have been measured thermogravimetrically. Experiments have been conducted to determine the rate of reaction for various particle radii (0.071‐0.151 mm), temperatures (450‐1100 K.) and concentrations of sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide (0.075‐0.62 moles/m 3 ), oxygen (0‐1.5 moles/m 3 ). Experimental results are presented which compare the sulfation rates of each basic oxide with sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide at different temperatures. The rate of sulfation of different oxides are compared under the same experimental conditions.
The Effects of Hepes Buffer on Clotting Tests, Assay of Factors V and VIII and on the Hydrolysis of Esters by Thrombin and Thrombokinase (1976)

Summary Shorter clotting times were found in the presence of 50 mM Hepes (N-2-hydroxyethylpiper-azine-N1-2-ethanesulfonic acid) buffer than of 50 mM Imidazole buffer in one-stage assays of factors V and VIII, in modified APTT and PT tests and in tests of the clotting of human plasma by purified human thrombin. All tests were performed at ionic strength 0.155 in the presence of either Hepes. NaOH or Imidazole. HC1 buffer, pH 7.4 at 37°. The faster clotting in the presence of Hepes buffer, therefore, is probably due, at least in part, to acceleration by Hepes of thrombin’s enzymatic action on fibrinogen and/or of the polymerization of the fibrin monomers. Hepes may also have effects on other blood clotting reactions. Rates of hydrolysis of TAME or BAME (p-toluenesulfonyl-or benzoyl-L-arginine methyl ester) at pH 7.4, 37° by purified human or bovine thrombin were essentially the same in 200 mM Hepes as in 250 mM Tris. HQ buffer (rates in Hepes. NaOH or Hepes. KOH buffers were compared with those in Tris. HQ plus NaCl for KC1). However, with purified bovine thrombokinase, rates of TAME hydrolysis in Hepes buffer were accelerated and rates of BAME hydrolysis slightly inhibited. Hepes, therefore, reacts with thrombokinase but whether this accelerates (or inhibits) the rate of converting prothrombin to thrombin remains to be determined. In addition, Hepes has an inhibitory effect on clotting since increasing the concentration of Hepes from 50 mM to 200 mM inhibits clotting in the PT, APTT and bovine thrombin-human plasma tests. Hepes buffer is being added to some plasmas and to some reagents used in clotting tests. It is, therefore, important to realize that its concentration must be monitored closely or erroneous results may be obtained in clotting tests and assays of clotting factors. The clotting times were the same in the presence of 50 mM Tris. HC1 as in Imidazole. HC1 buffers in APTT tests at three ionic strengths but they differed slightly in plasma-thrombin tests. Depending upon the ionic strength, 17 mM Barbital Sodium. HC1 buffer inhibited APTT tests but accelerated plasma-thrombin tests. All the buffers tested, therefore, have individual effects on the clotting tests.
Epoxysuccinyl dipeptides as selective inhibitors of cathepsin B (1993)

Epoxysuccinyl dipeptide analogs of E-64 (R-EpsLeuPro-R') (Figure 1) have been synthesized with the carboxylate group on the epoxide ring either free (R = OH) or converted to an ester or an amide (R = EtO or i-BuNH) and with the C-terminal amino acid proline either blocked (R' = OBzl) or free (R' = OH). These compounds were used to investigate the recently reported selectivity of this type of inhibitor for the lysosomal cysteine protease cathepsin B. It was shown that derivatization of the carboxylate on the epoxide ring confers selectivity for cathepsin B over papain only when it is combined to a dipeptidyl moiety with a free negatively charged C-terminal residue. It is proposed that this selectivity reflects interactions with histidine residues on a loop located in the primed subsites of cathepsin B which provides a positively charged anchor for the C-terminal carboxylate group of the inhibitor. The primed subsite loop of cathepsin B is not found in other cysteine proteases of the papain family and offers a unique template for designing selectivity in cysteine protease inhibitors.
Dispatchable Distributed Generation Network - A New Concept to Advance DG Technologies (2007)

Renewable energy has been booming globally thanks to its economic, social, and environmental benefits. However, small distributed generation (DG) systems using renewable energy have not yet achieved a significant level of penetration. With deregulation of electricity market, policies have been available to facilitate interconnection of small distributed generators (DGs) with electric grids. However, dispatchability and reliability still present technical barriers for small DGs to play a significant role in the open market, thus limiting their ability to provide value-added services. This paper presents a new concept to enhance the dispatchability of DGs through an aggregated DG network. Dispersed DGs with different energy resources, such as wind turbines, photovoltaics, small hydros, fuel cells, and microturbines, are integrated into a single aggregated generating plant via open power transmission networks. Traditional SCADA dedicated optical fibers, copper and other dedicated wireless physical layers can be replaced by Internet access and low-cost point-to-point wireless communication links to reduce infrastructure costs. The aggregated power generation is balanced between firm DGs and intermittent DGs to allow for the required dispatchability. Day-ahead and hourly generation scheduling can be committed in wholesale electricity trading, thereby achieving the desired added economic benefits. This is usually more favorable than being credited at the avoided cost as seen by utilities with traditional individual DGs.
Testing and characterizing jitter in 100BASE-TX and 155.52 Mbit/s ATM devices with a 1 Gsamples/s AWG in an ATE system (2002)

An ATE system uses a phase-synchronous 1 Gs/s AWG to input waveforms, representing high-speed data communications signals degraded by twisted-pair cable, into a 100BASE-TX and 155.52 Mbit/s ATM transceiver. A phase-synchronous Digital Capture Port captures the resulting received data outputs. The captured waveforms are statistically analyzed to measure various modes of jitter.
Invitation to a population-based cohort study: differences between subjects recruited using various strategies (2002)

Subjects who are recruited using different strategies in population-based cohort studies may have different sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, and may vary with regard to prevalent disease, cancer incidence and subsequent mortality.
Effects of virtual walking on spinal cord injury-related neuropathic pain: A randomized, controlled trial. (2018)

Results from this trial suggest that virtual walking treatment may benefit certain aspects of NP, such as associated unpleasantness, as well as certain sensory qualities of that pain. Efficacy of this treatment modality to reduce overall pain severity remains unclear, and may be modulated by other injury, individual, or personality characteristics. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
CRC Handbook of Tables for Organic Compound Identification (1967)

Tables cover the following materials and procedures: alkanes and cycloalkanes; alkenes, cycloalkenes, dienes and polyenes; alkynes; aromatic hydrocarbons; halides; alcohols; phenols; ethers; aldehydes; ketones, quinones; carboxylic acids; acyl halides; acid anhydrides; amides and imides; esters; amino acids; amines; carbohydrates and derivatives; nitro compounds; nitriles; sulfonic acids; sulfonyl chlorides; sulfonamides and sulfonanilides; thioethers; dissociation constants of organic acids in aqueous solution; dissociation constants of phenol in aqueous solution; dissociation constants of organic bases in aqueous solution; I.R., FAR I.R., and NMR correlation charts; miscibility of organic solvent pairs; emergent stem correction for liquid-in-glass thermometers; correction of boiling points to standard pressure; molecularelevation of the boiling point; molecular depression of the freezing point; natural carbohydrates; fats and oils; waxes; diamagnetic susceptibilities of organic compounds; four-place logarithms; and periodic tables and table of atomic weights. -- AATA
Mupirocin Resistance (2009)

With increasing pressure to prevent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection, it is possible that there will be increased use of mupirocin for nasal decolonization of MRSA. Understanding the mechanisms, clinical significance, and epidemiology of mupirocin resistance is important for predicting how changes in mupirocin use may affect bacterial populations and MRSA control. High-level mupirocin resistance in S. aureus is mediated by a plasmid-encoded mupA gene. This gene can be found on conjugative plasmids that carry multiple resistance determinants for other classes of antimicrobial agents. High-level resistance has been associated with decolonization failure, and increased resistance rates have been associated with increased mupirocin use. Low-level mupirocin resistance is mediated via mutation in the native ileS gene, and the clinical significance of this resistance is unclear. Laboratory tests to detect and distinguish between these types of resistance have been described but are not widely available in the United States. Institutions that are considering the implementation of widespread mupirocin use should consider these resistance issues and develop strategies to monitor the impact of mupirocin use.