gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ethylene Modulates Flavonoid Accumulation and Gravitropic Responses in Roots of Arabidopsis (2006)

Plant organs change their growth direction in response to reorientation relative to the gravity vector. We explored the role of ethylene in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) root gravitropism. Treatment of wild-type Columbia seedlings with the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC) reduced root elongation and gravitropic curvature. The ethylene-insensitive mutants ein2-5 and etr1-3 had wild-type root gravity responses, but lacked the growth and gravity inhibition by ACC found in the wild type. We examined the effect of ACC on tt4(2YY6) seedlings, which have a null mutation in the gene encoding chalcone synthase, the first enzyme in flavonoid synthesis. The tt4(2YY6) mutant makes no flavonoids, has elevated indole-3-acetic acid transport, and exhibits a delayed gravity response. Roots of tt4(2YY6), the backcrossed line tt4-2, and two other tt4 alleles had wild-type sensitivity to growth inhibition by ACC, whereas the root gravitropic curvature of these tt4 alleles was much less inhibited by ACC than wild-type roots, suggesting that ACC may reduce gravitropic curvature by altering flavonoid synthesis. ACC treatment induced flavonoid accumulation in root tips, as judged by a dye that becomes fluorescent upon binding flavonoids in wild type, but not in ein2-5 and etr1-3. ACC also prevented a transient peak in flavonoid synthesis in response to gravity. Together, these experiments suggest that elevated ethylene levels negatively regulate root gravitropism, using EIN2- and ETR1-dependent pathways, and that ACC inhibition of gravity response occurs through altering flavonoid synthesis.
SYNTHESIS OF NAPHTHALENIC MELATONIN RECEPTOR LIGANDS (2001)

A highly efficient and versatile synthetic approach to the synthesis of naphthalenic analogs of melatonin, compound 7, and its 2-alkyl substituted analog 8 is described. This approach features the novel synthesis of substituted 1-naphthyl acetonitrile 12 and 19 by nucleophilic addition of LiCH2CN to substituted 1-tetralone, followed by aromatization via a 2-step reaction sequence, dehydrogenation with DDQ and TsOH catalyzed dehydration.
Batteries and Energy Systems (1971)

Batteries and energy systems , Batteries and energy systems , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
[Isolation and characteristics of a temperature-sensitive plasmid pRP19.6--an RP1 derivative containing the duplicated IS21 sequence]. (1985)

When analysing the antibiotic resistant, temperature-independent derivatives of Proteus mirabilis cells, carrying the plasmid RP1ts12, a derivative of the latter (pRP19.6) with an elevated frequency of integration into E. coli K12 chromosome, has been isolated. The structure and properties of pRP19.6 was studied. As revealed from the data of structural and genetic analyses pRP19.6 is identical to the factor R68.45 described earlier by Haas and Holloway. Similarly to R68.45, the plasmid under study contains two copies of IS21 sequence and mobilises nonconjugative plasmid pBR325 with high efficiency. Using the temperature sensitive replication of pRP19.6, frequency of it's integration into the chromosomes of E. coli rec+ and recA- stains is determined. It is demonstrated that the clones carrying the plasmid in integrated state are Hfr-strains. The possibilities to use the temperature sensitive R68.45 like plasmid for isolation of Hfr-strains in the broad range of gram-negative bacteria and for insertional inactivation of chromosomal genes are discussed.
Photoelectrochemical Oxidation of Water at Transparent Ferric Oxide Film Electrodes (2005)

The fabrication of thin-film Fe(2)O(3) photoanodes from the spray pyrolysis of Fe(III)-containing solutions is reported along with their structural characterization and application to the photoelectrolysis of water. These films combine good performance, measured in terms of photocurrent density, with excellent mechanical stability. A full investigation into the effects that modifications of the spray-pyrolysis method, such as the addition of dopants or structure-directing agents and changes in precursor species or carrier solvent, have on the performance of the photoanodes has been realized. The largest photocurrents were obtained from photoanodes prepared from ferric chloride precursor solutions, simultaneously doped with Ti(4+) (5%) and Al(3+) (1%). Doping with Zn(2+) also shows promise, cathodically shifting the onset potential by approximately 0.22 V.
Stability of vitamin C derivatives in topical formulations containing lipoic acid, vitamins A and E (2008)

The stability of ascorbyl palmitate, sodium ascorbyl phosphate and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate in topical formulations was investigated by direct reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography after sample dilution with a suitable buffer - organic solvent mixture. Ascorbyl palmitate, sodium ascorbyl phosphate and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate are derivatives of ascorbic acid which differ in hydrolipophilic properties. They are widely used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations. According to the results, ascorbyl esters showed significant differences: sodium ascorbyl phosphate and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate are more stable derivatives of vitamin C than ascorbyl palmitate and may be easily used in cosmetic products.
Kinetics of sorption and desorption of copper(II) and lead (II) on activated carbon (1993)

ABSTRACT: The rate of sorption of copper(II) and lead(II) onto activated carbons Nuchar SA and Filtrasorb 400 was observed to occur rapidly at the outset, followed by a slow and prolonged sorption. This indicates that previous sorption studies conducted for short equilibration periods likely underestimated the actual capacity of activated carbon for heavy metals. Although copper and lead ions desorbed from the activated carbon surface rapidly, the rate of desorption of lead was slower, prevailing over several days. Sorption of copper and lead ions on Nuchar SA was found to be fully reversible.
The Recovered Memories Controversy: Where Do We Go from Here? (2001)

This chapter contains sections titled: Where Here Is How and Why How and Why Do Some People Who Experienced CSA Come to Forget That They Were Abused? Given Forgetting of CSA, How and Why Would Memories be Recovered? How and Why Can Non-abused Adults Come Falsely to Believe That They Were Abused? How Often? How Prevalent Are Recovered-memory Experiences? Implications How Can Psychologists Improve Support for Sequelae of Recovered Memories? Are There Reliable Means of Postdicting the Accuracy of Recovered-memory Reports? Summary References
Mobile IPv6‐based efficient vertical handoff approach for heterogeneous wireless networks (2006)

Abstract The demand and amount of data transfer in heterogeneous wireless network increases as the techniques of the third/fourth generation mobile communications (3G/4G) are progressed significantly. Vertical handoff provides continuous and seamless transfer between various wireless mobile networks, which have different data transmission techniques and standards such as GPRS, UMTS, cdma2000 and IEEE 802.11 family WLANs. In contrast to the horizontal handoff, the vertical handoff should consider not only the strength of signal power but also QoS classes, network bandwidth and service types, etc. Most of the previous works proposed the received signal strength (RSS) based methods to set thresholds for making the decision of performing vertical handoff or not. The RSS‐based approach yields serious ping‐pong effect when the mobile node moves around the overlay area of two heterogeneous wireless networks, which causes unnecessary handoff and increases the handoff overhead. Although the RSS‐based approach with the hysteresis technique decreases the number of unnecessary handoffs, it suffers from large overhead of handoff and causes several drawbacks, including low network throughput, long handoff delay, and high dropping probability. Therefore, an efficient cost‐based vertical handoff algorithm is proposed herein to reduce unnecessary handoffs while increasing network throughput, decreasing handoff delay, and avoiding connection dropping. Two primary motivations of this paper include the prediction of node mobility from RSS and the adaptive cost‐based competitive on‐line (COL) method to determine the optimal network to handoff to from all available candidates. Furthermore, message flows of vertical handoffs between 3G/UMTS and WLAN as well as horizontal handoff between WLANs with MIPv6 are expressed in detail. Finally, the handoff delays are analyzed for the proposed MIPv6 handoff. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed cost‐based approach outperforms other approaches in the number of vertical handoffs and connection dropping while yielding competitive throughput. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wide Area Protection and Control - Today and Tomorrow (2006)

As the electric industry powers into the 21st century, the ability to take a wide area "dynamic" view of the power system and to take real-time control actions based on that view has become a critical need. This need has been most recently validated by the NERC analysis of the August 14, 2003 blackout where visualization of the phase angle between Cleveland and the rest of the east coast power grid shows Cleveland slowly slipping away from the rest of the eastern power grid with step changes in angle following various critical events. This panel takes a structured view of wide-area monitoring, protection and control including: 1) the need, 2) analysis & design and visualization & warning tools, 3) solution implementation examples, 4) testing and system restoration methodologies, and 5) future technologies and applications
L3T4-positive T cells participate in the induction of graft-vs-host disease in response to minor histocompatibility antigens. (1987)

The phenotype of T cells that initiate graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) in response to minor histocompatibility antigens (minor HA) was determined in three H-2 compatible strain combinations by using negative selection with monoclonal antibodies to Lyt-2 and L3T4 antigens to test the hypothesis that Lyt-2-positive T cells alone initiate GVHD. The phenotype of T cells required to initiate GVHD was different in each of the three strain combinations studied. Both Lyt-2+ and L3T4+ LP spleen cells were necessary to cause lethal GVHD in C57BL/6 recipients. In the reciprocal transplant, Lyt-2+, but not L3T4+ C57BL/6 spleen cells were sufficient to initiate GVHD in LP recipients. In contrast, L3T4+, but not Lyt-2+ B10.D2 spleen cells were found to initiate GVHD in BALB/c recipients. The optimal response to minor HA requires both Lyt-2+ and L3T4+ T cells because a mixture of the two subsets of spleen cells resulted in a more severe form of GVHD than either subset alone in all three strain combinations studied. This study demonstrates that L3T4+ cells participate in the initiation of GVHD in response to minor HA. The dominant T cell subset that initiates GVHD varies with the specific strain combination tested. The specific minor HA expressed in the transplant recipient, the H-2 type, and possibly non-major histocompatibility complex immune response genes of the donor strain appear to determine the phenotype of the initiator T cells.
BALLAST: a methodology for partial scan design (1989)

In the proposed partial scan methodology, the scan path is constructed so that the rest of the circuit belongs to a class of circuits called balanced sequential structures. Test patterns for this structure are generated by treating it as being combinational. Each test pattern is applied to the circuit by shifting it into the scan path. holding it constant for a fixed number of clock cycles, loading the test result into the scan path, and then shifting it out. This technique achieves full coverage of all detectable faults with a minimal number of scannable storage elements and using only combinational test pattern generation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Size effect on compressive strength of T300/924C carbon fibre-epoxy laminates (2002)

The effect of specimen gauge section (length × width) was investigated on the compressive behaviour of a T300/924C [45/-45/0/90]3s carbon fibre-epoxy laminate. A modified Imperial College compression test fixture was used together with an antibuckling device to test 3 mm thick specimens with a 30 × 30, 50 × 50, 70 × 70, and 90 × 90 mm gauge length by width section. In all cases failure was sudden and occurred mainly within the gauge length. Post-failure examination suggests that 0° fibre microbuckling is the critical damage mechanism that causes final failure. This is a matrix dominated failure mode and its triggering depends very much on initial fibre waviness. It is suggested that manufacturing plays a significant role in determining the compressive strength and may be more important as the section thickness of the composite increases. Additionally, compressive tests on specimens with an open hole are performed. The local stress concentration arising from the hole dominates the strength of the laminate rather than the stresses in the bulk of the material. It is observed that the remote failure stress decreases with increasing hole size and specimen width but is generally well above the value one might predict from the elastic stress concentration factor. This suggests that the material is not ideally brittle and some stress relief occurs around the hole. X-ray radiography reveals that damage in the form of fibre microbuckling and delamination initiates at the edge of the hole at ∼ 80% of the failure load and extends stably under increasing load before becoming unstable at a critical length of 2-3 mm (depending on specimen geometry). This damage growth and failure are analysed by a linear cohesive zone model. Using the independently measured laminate parameters of compressive unnotched strength and in plane fracture toughness the model predicts successfully the notched strength as a function of hole size and width. © 2002 IoM Communications Ltd.
Theory and Application of Pressure and Rate Transient Analysis in Unconventional Reservoirs (2013)

Abstract Pressure and rate transient analyses are reliable methods to estimate effective formation permeability of unconventional reservoirs. The results of such analyses are used to validate or fine-tune the numerical simulation models both for the primary and enhanced oil and gas recovery methods. Pressure-rate transient test applications in unconventional reservoirs are somewhat different from similar tests in conventional reservoirs because of the extremely tight nature of target formations and the use of horizontal wells as an integral part of well completion and reservoir stimulation. Accordingly, this paper presents theory, mathematical formulation, and application of the numerical and analytical well testing solutions to characterize unconventional reservoirs. The mathematical models pertain to the single-porosity and dual-porosity concepts. In the latter we focused on the issues surrounding the unsteady state (USS) and pseudo steady state (PSS) flow. The models studied in this paper were a 1-D analytical model and a hybrid 3-D numerical model that combines the USS and PSS dual-porosity formulations; a trilinear analytical model and a MINC (Multiple Interacting Continua) numerical model. The 3-D numerical model was compared with the trilinear analytical and MINC numerical models. In unconventional reservoirs the dual-porosity environment emanates from the auxiliary effect of multi-stage hydraulic fracturing for which the unsteady-state mathematical solutions are more appropriate. The benefits of such solutions are supported by field results, which we will present and discuss. Furthermore, the results of pressure-transient and rate-transient analyses of two oil wells in an unconventional reservoir were presented.
Integrating Virtual Assistant Technology into omni-channel processes (2019)

The purpose of the study was to examine Virtual Assistant Technology and to identify certain advantages and disadvantages in integrating such a technology into omni-channel processes in the case of some already existing examples of companies using Virtual Assistants.\n\nThe study investigated how the Virtual Assistant Technology could help to make a business process more profitable in the omni-channel model from the customer’s and company’s perspective. This thesis also gave in-depth analysis of the benefits from using Virtual Assistants.\n\nThe thesis was divided into three major parts. The first regards to the evolution of logistics approaches towards omni-channel model of doing business. The second is dedicated to the essence of Virtual Assistant Technology and types of these agents. The third part concerns about current situation on the market and the challenges and perspectives of introducing Virtual Assistants into omni-channel approach.\n\nThe qualitative method for the survey was conducted. Secondary data analysis in particular was used to re-think and re-analyze already existing materials in order to generate some new ideas based on the discussed theory. The information was gathered mainly from reports and surveys of leading companies in the sphere of omni-channel approach, as well as from journals and conferences related to the topic of Virtual Assistant Technology.\n\nThe study showed that Virtual Assistant Technology is a trend in the omni-channel mean of communication with customers and has great potential for the future development.
Object ownership for dynamic alias protection (2003)

Interobject references in object-oriented programs allow arbitrary aliases between objects. By breaching objects' encapsulation boundaries, these aliases can make programs hard to understand and especially hard to debug. We propose using an explicit, run-time notion of object ownership to control aliases between objects in dynamically typed languages. Dynamically checking object ownership as a program runs ensures the program maintains the encapsulation topology intended by the programmer.
UnCHKed DNA replication (2012)

Keywords: : cellular stressDNA replicationc-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)p38 kinasecell cyclephosphorylationcell cycle checkpointscheckpoint kinase 1 (Chk1)mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)
A Protocol for the Interpretation of Side-Chain Dynamics Based on NMR Relaxation:  Application to Phenylalanines in Antamanide (1997)

A new protocol for the interpretation of NMR relaxation data in terms of intramolecular motion is described. At first, a long molecular dynamics simulation of the system is generated and analyzed with respect to nuclear spin relaxation-active motional modes. In a second step, an analytical model is conceived on the basis of the computational results. Finally, the model parameters are determined numerically by a least-squares fit to the experimental NMR data. This protocol was applied to the phenylalanine side-chain dynamics in the cyclic decapeptide antamanide. A 100 ns Langevin dynamics simulation was analyzed in terms of dihedral angle fluctuations, correlation functions, and potentials of mean force. For χ1 and χ2, motion in a harmonic potential is observed which is interrupted by occasional jumps between different rotamers over relatively high barriers. This behavior leads to an analytical Gaussian axial fluctuation and jump model, which is an extension of the previously proposed GAF model (Brüschweiler, R.; Wright, P. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 8426).
Feasibility of intravenous glucose tolerance testing prior to puberty (2010)

Addendums made to FSIVGTT protocol allowed successful completion of FSIVGTT in 15 (68%) of the 22 children. These results demonstrate that FSIVGTT is challenging, yet feasible in healthy lean and obese pre-pubertal children.
Influence of Temperature and Ultrasonic Treatment on Preparation of Titanium Phosphates and Their Powder Properties (2014)

Catalytically active titanium dioxide is conventionally used as a white pigment for cosmetics, but undesirably induces a certain degree of decomposition of sebum on the skin on exposure to ultraviolet radiation in sunlight. In this work, titanium phosphates were prepared as a novel white pigment for cosmetics using titanium sulfate and phosphoric acid at various temperatures, with/without ultrasonic treatment. The chemical composition, powder properties, photocatalytic activity, color phase, moisture retention, and smoothness of the phosphates were evaluated. These titanium phosphates had less photocatalytic activity than titanium dioxide, which should be beneficial for protecting sebum on the skin. Samples prepared with ultrasonic treatment had lower visible light absorption than those not subjected to ultrasonication. The sample prepared at 40 °C with ultrasonic treatment had higher moisture retention capacity than those prepared under other conditions. Samples prepared at 40 °C had lower slipping resistance than samples prepared at 7 °C.
New concept for higher Robot position accuracy during thermography measurement to be implemented with the existing prototype automated thermography end-effector utilising an industrial robot and laser system (2014)

This paper introduces the development of prototype robot based thermography measuring system and a new concept for higher robot position accuracy for industrial applications. The developed thermography system is mounted at the end-effector of an industrial robot. Furthermore, a platform for offline programming is introduced, which enables the identification of measurement positions and the optimal settings for the robot’s kinematic parameters. Many factors may affect the accuracy of created robot TCP positions and path planning. The new concept using thermography camera, which is also used for NDT, and a laser system helps to enhance the measurement position and orientation accuracy. The measuring position is projected with the laser system on the component and robot improves his orientation and position towards the given target through iteration process.
In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>- and SnO<sub>2</sub>-Based Thin Film Ozone Sensors: Fundamentals (2016)

The paper considers SnO 2 and In 2 O 3 thin films as materials for the design of solid-state conductometric ozone sensors in depth. In particular, the present review covers the analysis of the fundamentals of SnO 2 - and In 2 O 3 -based conductometric ozone sensor operation. The main focus is on the description of mechanisms of ozone interaction with metal oxides, the influence of air humidity on sensor response, and processes that control the kinetics of sensor response to ozone.
Reaction of Dehydrochlorinated Polyvinylchloride with Thiophenol. (1959)

脱塩酸したポリ塩化ビニルとチオフェノールとの反応をテトラヒドロフラン, ニトロべンゼン, 四塩化エタンおよびシクロヘキサノンを溶媒として20℃ないし150℃,7時間以内の範囲でおこなった。そしてその反応は,塩素の置換や主鎖の崩壊をともなわない, 単なる付加反応であること, もちいた溶媒の種類に無関係であること, 適当な条件下では定量的に進行し, 温度とともに反応率は増大すること, およびイオン的試剤の影響をうけないが過酸化ベンゾイルやアゾビスイソブチロニトリルの存在下においては促進され,ヒドロキノンの存在下においてはいちじるしく抑制されること,などを明らかにした。