gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Salt-Induced Control of the Grafting Density in Poly(ethylene glycol) Brush Layers by a Grafting-to Approach (2018)

In this work, a method to obtain control of the grafting density during the formation of polymer brush layers by the grafting-to method of thiolated poly(ethylene glycol) onto gold is presented. The grafting density of the polymer chains was adjusted by adding Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> in concentrations between 0.2 and 0.9 M to the aqueous polymer solution during the grafting process. The obtained grafting densities ranged from 0.26 to 1.60 chains nm<sup>-2</sup>, as determined by surface plasmon resonance. The kinetics of the grafting process were studied in situ by a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation, and a mushroom to brush conformational transition was observed when the polymer was grafted in the presence of Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>. The transition from mushroom to brush was only observed for long periods of grafting, highlighting the importance of time to obtain high grafting densities. Finally, the prepared brush layer with the highest grafting density showed high resistance to the adsorption of bovine serum albumin, while layers with a lower grafting density showed only limited resistance.
Physical Properties of Monolayers Adsorbed at the Solid–Air Interface. I. Friction and Wettability of Aliphatic Polar Compounds and Effect of Halogenation (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhysical Properties of Monolayers Adsorbed at the Solid–Air Interface. I. Friction and Wettability of Aliphatic Polar Compounds and Effect of HalogenationO. Levine and W. A. ZismanCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1957, 61, 8, 1068–1077Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150554a008https://doi.org/10.1021/j150554a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views379Altmetric-Citations105LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Acrylonitrile (2000)

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Physical Properties 3. Chemical Properties 4. Production 5. Quality Specifications and Chemical Analysis 6. Storage and Transportation 7. Uses 8. Economic Aspects 9. Toxicology and Occupational Health
Overview of in vivo and ex vivo endpoints in murine food allergy models: Suitable for evaluation of the sensitizing capacity of novel proteins? (2019)

Significant efforts are necessary to introduce new dietary protein sources to feed a growing world population while maintaining food supply chain sustainability. Such a sustainable protein transition includes the use of highly modified proteins from side streams or the introduction of new protein sources that may lead to increased clinically relevant allergic sensitization. With food allergy being a major health problem of increasing concern, understanding the potential allergenicity of new or modified proteins is crucial to ensure public health protection. The best predictive risk assessment methods currently relied on are in vivo models, making the choice of endpoint parameters a key element in evaluating the sensitizing capacity of novel proteins. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the most frequently used in vivo and ex vivo endpoints in murine food allergy models, addressing their strengths and limitations for assessing sensitization risks. For optimal laboratory-to-laboratory reproducibility and reliable use of predictive tests for protein risk assessment, it is important that researchers maintain and apply the same relevant parameters and procedures. Thus, there is an urgent need for a consensus on key food allergy parameters to be applied in future food allergy research in synergy between both knowledge institutes and clinicians.
Lighting controls for synthetic images (1983)

The traditional point source light used for synthetic image generation provides no adjustments other than position, and this severely limits the effects that can be achieved. It can be difficult to highlight particular features of an object. This paper describes new lighting controls and techniques which can be used to optimize the lighting for synthetic images. These controls are based in part on observations of the lights used in the studio of a professional photographer. Controls include a light direction to aim a light at a particular area of an object, light concentration to simulate spotlights or floodlights, and flaps or cones to restrict the path of a light. Another control relates to the color of the light source and its effect on the perceived color of specular highlights. An object color can be blended with a color for the highlights to simulate different materials, paints, or lighting conditions. This can be accomplished dynamically while the image is displayed, using the video lookup table to approximate the specular color shift
Optimized stopping criteria for tree-based unit selection in concatenative synthesis (1998)

The lack of naturalness hampers the widespread application of speech synthesis. Increasing the size of the unit database in a concatenative speech synthesizer has been proposed as a method to increase the variety of units—thereby improving naturalness. However, expanding the unit database increases the computational cost of selecting the most appropriate unit and compounds the risk that a perceptually suboptimal unit is chosen. Clustering the unit database prior to synthesis is an effective method for reducing this cost and risk. In this study, a unit selection method based on tree-structured clustering of data is implemented and evaluated. This approach to tree construction differs from similar approaches used in both synthesis and recognition in that a “right-sized” tree is found automatically rather than using hand-tuned stopping criteria. The tree is grown to its maximum size, and its leaves are systematically recombined in order to determine the most suitable subtree. Trees are grown using the automatic stopping method and compared with those grown using thresholds. Cross validation shows that trees grown to their maximum size and systematically recombined produce fuller clusters with lower objective distortion measures than trees whose growth is arrested by a threshold. The study concludes with a discussion of how these results may affect the perceptual quality of a speech synthesizer.
Improving Intubation Success Using the CTrach Laryngeal Mask Airway™ (2007)

The CTrach Laryngeal Mask Airway™ (LMA North America, Inc., San Diego, CA) allows for visualization of the glottis before intubation, as well as concurrent patient ventilation.1However, we have found that even after the administration of glycopyrrolate, the use of antifog liquid, or placing the unit in warm water, the view port either fogs or is obscured by either oropharyngeal secretions or the lubricating gel in the endotracheal tube, should the first intubation attempt be unsuccessful. A simple solution to this problem is to use a hemostat or similar device to advance a disposable sponge swab moistened with warm normal saline (e.g. , Item 6075; Sage Products, Inc., Cary, IL) through the CTrach™ to clean the viewing port. We have now used this technique in more than 10 instances, with uniformly excellent results (fig. 1).*Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. maurtum@ccf.org
Plant Carbohydrate Binding Module Enhances Activity of Hybrid Microbial Cellulase Enzyme (2012)

A synthetic, highly active cellulase enzyme suitable for in planta production may be a valuable tool for biotechnological approaches to develop transgenic biofuel crops with improved digestibility. Here, we demonstrate that the addition of a plant derived carbohydrate binding module (CBM) to a synthetic glycosyl hydrolase improved the activity of the hydrolase in releasing sugar from plant biomass. A CEL-HYB1-CBM enzyme was generated by fusing a hybrid microbial cellulase, CEL-HYB1, with the CBM of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) SlCel9C1 cellulase. CEL-HYB1 and CEL-HYB1-CBM enzymes were produced in vitro using Pichia pastoris and the activity of these enzymes was tested using carboxymethylcellulose, MUC, and native crystalline cellulose assays. The presence of the CBM substantially improved the endoglucanase activity of CEL-HYB1, especially against the native crystalline cellulose encountered in Sorghum bicolor plant cell walls. These results indicate that addition of an endogenous plant derived CBM to cellulase enzymes may enhance hydrolytic activity.
Labeling Characteristics and Separation of Ia Antigen Subunits (1978)

Abstract Experiments with biosynthetic incorporation of 3H-amino acids into murine and guinea pig Ia antigens have indicated that these antigens consist of two polypeptide chains of 33,000 and 25,000 daltons, respectively, occasionally linked by disulfide bonds into a 58,000 dalton molecule. In contrast, studies with lactoperoxidase-catalyzed radioiodination have indicated that these Ia antigens consist of only a single chain of 25,000 daltons. We therefore undertook a study to explore the basis of these discrepant results. Since 3H-tyrosine labeled both chains well, the lack of tyrosine residues in the 33,000 dalton chain could not be the explanation for the lack of radioiodination. However, by partially purifying the Ia antigen preparation with Lens culinaris (lentil) lectin affinity chromatography before immunoprecipitation and by increasing the resolution of analysis by using discontinuous-SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, it was possible to show that the 33,000 dalton chain was in fact radioiodinated, though still poorly so relative to the 25,000 dalton chain, and that a radioiodinated 58,000 dalton molecule could be detected. These experiments suggest that the 25,000 dalton chain is more exposed to the external cellular environment, and thus more readily iodinated by lactoperoxidase. In addition, the studies indicate that the choice of labeling method, purification procedures, and analytical methods must be taken into account when interpreting experimental results.
Wedge specimens under simultaneous straining and cooling (2001)

This study is a continuation of the earlier study regarding uniaxial samples under simultaneous straining and cooling. The objective of this study was to extend the constitutive model application to specimens with multi-axial stress state. An ad hoc nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive model that is based on the cumulative damage of the propellant under load is applied. Cumulative damage parameters of the propellant were determined under five different temperature conditions with 75° and 20°F temperature extremes. The analysis is conducted on real times at the imposed temperatures without assuming timetemperature equivalence. A number of tests were performed using 3-D analog specimens subjected to low straining and cooling rates, and other tests to high straining and cooling rates. INTRODUCTION AND APPROACH Past effort to predict the stresses in a subscale motor that is subjected to a simultaneous straining and cooling test showed the predicted stresses to be smaller than the measured values by a factor of more than two. The analysis method was based on a linear elastic and also on a linear viscoelastic constitutive model. It was concluded that the problem lies in the propellant complex thermo-rheological behavior (i.e., the timetemperature equivalence based on the simple thermorheological behavior used in the linear viscoelastic model) is not applicable. Rigorous nonlinear viscoelastic (NLVE) solution, in particular with regard to prediction of propellant responses to simultaneous straining and cooling, is not yet obvious. The subject is part of the study in the Service Life Prediction Technology (SLPT) program. Awaiting the SLPT outcome and parallel to that effort, an interim ad hoc NLVE solution is proposed. Unlike the rigorous NLVE model, the proposed model is based on the assumption that the NLVE stress-strain relation is due to the load-induced micro-damage in the propellant. The physics of the damage is not well defined, but its intensity has been quantified as a damage measure or norm in terms of Lebesque integrals of stress (NG) and of strain (Ne),
A high-tumor-incidence subline of the D1 mouse mammary hyperplastic outgrowth line: effect of carcinogens. (1982)

Mammary tumorigenesis in some mouse strains is characterized by the appearance of a preneoplastic lesion, the hyperplastic alveolar nodule (HAN). The biology of the HAN has been characterized primarily through the study of stable outgrowth lines of serially transplanted HAN. One outgrowth line, Dl, which was developed and carried in female BALB/c mice, has been described as a low-tumor-incidence line that does not express murine mammary tumor virus (MuMTV) and is susceptible to hormonal, chemical, and viral carcinogens. In this report, a high-tumor-incidence subline of Dl, Dl/UCD, is described. Although Dl/UCD, like Dl, is susceptible to the chemical carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, an increase in tumor incidence was not observed when Dl/UCD outgrowth was exposed to hormones by means of pituitary isografts. Unlike Dl, Dl/UCD is refractory to the carcinogenic action of MuMTV. Both Dl and the Dl/UCD subline contained the endogenous MuMTV provirus but did not contain exogenous MuMTV provirus sequences. MuMTV antigen was not detected in Dl/UCD outgrowths or tumors. RNA hybridizable to MuMTV complementary DNA was detected in some Dl/UCD outgrowths and tumors but did not appear to correlate with tumorigenesis.
Hybrid ion diode theory and computations (1983)

Intense ion beams for inertial-confinement fusion research are produced by diodes in which electron current is inhibited by strong magnetic fields. The insulating magnetic field in these diodes can be produced by the particle currents themselves or by an external field coil. The Hybrid ion diode incorporates a series field coil and a grooved epoxy filled anode to produce the pulsed ion beam. Both polar and equatorial versions of this diode concept have been tested. The design of these diodes will be discussed, including the description of various computer codes used in this process. The confirmation of various aspects of the theory for Hybrid diode operation will be discussed. A method for optimizing the diode focus will be described. A ray trace code has been written to investigate the focal properties of beams from these diodes and results will be given. Some particle-in-cell computations for specific diode designs will also be presented and compared with experimentally measured quantities.
Single-pass zone refining preparation of an enantiomerically pure compound (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSingle-pass zone refining preparation of an enantiomerically pure compoundLowell G. Tensmeyer, P. W. Landis, and Frederick J. MarshallCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1967, 32, 9, 2901–2903Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01284a060https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01284a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views54Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dissolution of Iron Whiskers (1964)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation R. M. SHEMENSKI, J. P. HIRTH, F. H. BECK, M. G. FONTANA; Dissolution of Iron Whiskers. CORROSION 1 June 1964; 20 (6): 203t–204t. doi: https://doi.org/10.5006/0010-9312-20.6.203t Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest Search
Synapsins as regulators of neurotransmitter release (1999)

One of the crucial issues in understanding neuronal transmission is to define the role(s) of the numerous proteins that are localized within presynaptic terminals and are thought to participate in the regulation of the synaptic vesicle life cycle. Synapsins are a multigene family of neuron-specific phosphoproteins and are the most abundant proteins on synaptic vesicles. Synapsins are able to interact in vitro with lipid and protein components of synaptic vesicles and with various cytoskeletal proteins, including actin. These and other studies have led to a model in which synapsins, by tethering synaptic vesicles to each other and to an actin-based cytoskeletal meshwork, maintain a reserve pool of vesicles in the vicinity of the active zone. Perturbation of synapsin function in a variety of preparations led to a selective disruption of this reserve pool and to an increase in synaptic depression, suggesting that the synapsin-dependent cluster of vesicles is required to sustain release of neurotransmitter in response to high levels of neuronal activity. In a recent study performed at the squid giant synapse, perturbation of synapsin function resulted in a selective disruption of the reserve pool of vesicles and in addition, led to an inhibition and slowing of the kinetics of neurotransmitter release, indicating a second role for synapsins downstream from vesicle docking. These data suggest that synapsins are involved in two distinct reactions which are crucial for exocytosis in presynaptic nerve terminals. This review describes our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which synapsins modulate synaptic transmission, while the increasingly well-documented role of the synapsins in synapse formation and stabilization lies beyond the scope of this review.
Comparison of extraction methods for determination of polybrominated biphenyl residues in animal tissue (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComparison of extraction methods for determination of polybrominated biphenyl residues in animal tissueJohn. Fawkes, Phillip W. Albro, Douglas B. Walters, and James D. McKinneyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1982, 54, 11, 1866–1871Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00248a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00248a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views46Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fetal demise and failed antibody therapy during Zika virus infection of pregnant macaques (2018)

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection of pregnant women is associated with pathologic complications of fetal development. Here, we infect pregnant rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) with a minimally passaged ZIKV isolate from Rio de Janeiro, where a high rate of fetal development complications was observed. The infection of pregnant macaques with this virus results in maternal viremia, virus crossing into the amniotic fluid (AF), and in utero fetal deaths. We also treated three additional ZIKV-infected pregnant macaques with a cocktail of ZIKV-neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies (nmAbs) at peak viremia. While the nmAbs can be effective in clearing the virus from the maternal sera of treated monkeys, it is not sufficient to clear ZIKV from AF. Our report suggests that ZIKV from Brazil causes fetal demise in non-human primates (NHPs) without additional mutations or confounding co-factors. Treatment with a neutralizing anti-ZIKV nmAb cocktail is insufficient to fully stop vertical transmission.
Notes - Platinum-Catalyzed Addition of Triethylsilane to Methyl Methacrylate (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes - Platinum-Catalyzed Addition of Triethylsilane to Methyl MethacrylateJames Curry and George Harrison, JrCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 4, 627–628Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1958Publication History Published online11 June 2003Published inissue 1 April 1958https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01098a615RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views64Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (268 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Double heterodyne interferometer using a multimode laser diode (1994)

A double heterodyne interferometer using a multimode laser diode with a synthetic wavelength of approximately 1 mm has been established and the stability of the synthetic wavelength has been investigated.