gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pressure acceleration of [2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions on the coordinated ligand of chromium and tungsten pentacarbonyl carbene complexes (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPressure acceleration of [2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions on the coordinated ligand of chromium and tungsten pentacarbonyl carbene complexesRolf Pipoh, Rudi Van Eldik, Siu Ling B. Wang, and William D. WulffCite this: Organometallics 1992, 11, 1, 490–492Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/om00037a085RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views86Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (359 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Wheat Transformation Using Cyanamide as a New Selective Agent (2000)

There is a general need for additional selectable marker genes for plant transformation. Only a few have been reported in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) transformation experiments, some of which are under patent restriction or have other disadvantages. A new selectable marker gene was identified which can be used to select resistant callus in tissue culture and regenerate transgenic wheat plants. A gene from the soil fungus Myrothecium verrucaria (Albertini & Schwein.) Ditmar:Fr., coding for the enzyme cyanamide hydratase which converts cyanamide into urea, was previously described. In our wheat transformation experiments, the gene conferred resistance to cyanamide at a tissue culture level and therefore cyanamide could be used to select for transformants. At the whole plant level, progeny of transformed wheat plants showed resistance to cyanamide, whereas sensitive plants expressed a lethal necrosis and yellowing when cyanamide was applied. This gene has several potential advantages when compared with other selectable marker genes. Transformed wheat plants can be selected at the tissue culture level and may be able to convert cyanamide into a useful nitrogen compound (fertilizer). The selectable marker gene could be introduced with other genes for value‐added traits in wheat and might also be applicable in other transformation systems.
Quantifying Malware Evolution through Archaeology (2015)

Dynamic analysis of malware allows us to examine malware samples, and then group those samples into families based on observed behavior. Using Boolean variables to represent the presence or absence of a range of malware behavior, we create a bitstring that represents each malware behaviorally, and then group samples into the same class if they exhibit the same behavior. Combining class definitions with malware discovery dates, we can construct a timeline of showing the emergence date of each class, in order to examine prevalence, complexity, and longevity of each class. We find that certain behavior classes are more prevalent than others, following a frequency power law. Some classes have had lower longevity, indicating that their attack profile is no longer manifested by new variants of malware, while others of greater longevity, continue to affect new computer systems. We verify for the first time commonly held intuitions on malware evolution, showing quantitatively from the archaeological record that over 80% of the time, classes of higher malware complexity emerged later than classes of lower complexity. In addition to providing historical perspective on malware evolution, the methods described in this paper may aid malware detection through classification, leading to new proactive methods to identify malicious software.
Hydroxyapatite coating modifies implant membrane formation (1992)

We studied the influence of controlled micromovements between bone and porous titanium alloy implants with and without hydroxyapatite coating. A dynamically loaded unstable device producing approximately 150-microns axial translation of knee implants during each gait cycle was developed. Stable implants served as controls. Matched stable and unstable implants with either porous titanium (Ti) or hydroxyapatite (HA) coating surrounded by a gap of 0.75 mm were inserted into the weight-bearing regions of the medial femoral condyles in 14 mature dogs. Histologic analysis after 4 weeks showed a fibrous membrane surrounding both types of implants subjected to micromovements, whereas various amounts of bone ingrowth was obtained in the stable implants. The membrane around unstable HA implants was thinner than that around unstable Ti implants. Islands of fibrocartilaginous tissue characterized the membrane around unstable HA implants, whereas fibrous connective tissue surrounded unstable Ti implants. The collagen concentration of the fibrous membranes was higher around unstable HA implants compared with Ti implants. Instability reduced the shear strength of the implants. However, the shear strength of unstable HA implants exceeded that of the Ti implants, both unstable and stable. The greatest shear strength was obtained by stable HA implants, i.e., tenfold greater than that of stable Ti implants. The gap-healing capacity around stable HA implants increased toward the HA surface, and was greater than that around Ti implants. Our study demonstrates that micromovements between bone and implant inhibit bone ingrowth and lead to the development of a fibrous membrane. The superior fixation of unstable HA implants compared with unstable Ti implants may be ascribed to the presence of fibrocartilage, a higher collagen concentration, and radiating orientation of collagen fibers in the membrane. The strongest mechanical anchorage and the greatest amount of bone ingrowth was obtained by stable implants coated with hydroxyapatite.
Review of OriginPro 8.5 (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVComputer Software Re...Computer Software ReviewNEXTReview of OriginPro 8.5Keith J. StevensonView Author Information University of Texas at AustinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 14, 5621Publication Date (Web):March 23, 2011Publication History Published online23 March 2011Published inissue 13 April 2011https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja202216hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja202216hproduct-reviewACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2358Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Color,Computational chemistry,Filtration,Mathematical methods,Software Get e-Alerts
The interaction of leukocytes with platelets in blood coagulation (1995)

The concept that leukocytes play an active role in hemostasis and thrombosis has only recently been accepted. Leukocytes may influence coagulation directly, by the production of procoagulant and anticoagulant molecules, or indirectly, by actions on vascular cells including platelets, endothelial cells, and other leukocytes. This review examines the role of leukocytes in coagulation with an emphasis on regulation of leukocyte function by interactions, with platelets. Activated platelets may serve both to localize leukocytes in areas of thrombosis and to modulate their function. Over the past year, several in vitro studies further defined molecular mechanisms by which leukocytes may regulate coagulation. Further, in vivo studies have provided support for the relevance of these mechanisms in pathophysiologic coagulation.
Flexible protocol specification and execution (2002)

Protocols represent the allowed interactions among communicating agents. Protocols are essential in applications such as electronic commerce where it is necessary to constrain the behaviors of autonomous agents. Traditional approaches, which model protocols in terms of action sequences, limit the flexibility of the agents in executing the protocols. By contrast, we develop an approach for specifying protocols in which we capture the content of the actions through agents' commitments to one another. We formalize commitments in a variant of the event calculus. We provide operations and reasoning rules to capture the evolution of commitments through the agents' actions. Using these rules in addition to the basic event calculus axioms enables agents to reason about their actions explicitly to flexibly accommodate the exceptions and opportunities that arise at run time. This reasoning is implemented using an event calculus planner that helps us determine flexible execution paths that respect the protocol specifications.
Abstract A037: IMCgp100 ImmTAC: A new immunotherapeutic reagent for the treatment of malignant melanoma (2016)

Abstract For years cancer therapies were mainly concentrated around surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Recently, a new domain has emerged. Immunotherapies aim to exploit, enhance and optimise the patient's immune system to be more potent at eradicating tumours. T-cell immunotherapies, however, often encounter challenges with low cell surface expression of tumour-associated-antigens (TAAs), down-regulation of class I MHC molecules and low T-cell avidity for TAAs, all contributing to tumour escape. To address these challenges, Immunocore Ltd. has developed ImmTAC (Immune Mobilising mTCR Against Cancer) technology that aims to recruit and redirect circulating T-cells to target and kill cancer cells with high specificity. ImmTACs are composed of an affinity enhanced monoclonal T-cell receptor (mTCR) combined with an anti-CD3 specific antibody fragment (CD3-scFv). The mTCR targets cancer cells that express TAAs displayed on class I MHC molecules, with high affinity. The CD3-scFv effector domain then drives the recruitment and activation of T-cells. ImmTACs enable an immune synapse to form, leading to the destruction of cancer cells by T-cells. TAA candidates are selected according to their level of gene expression by measuring their mRNA levels by RT-PCR in healthy and cancer cells, in order to reduce off-target toxicity, as well as by measuring their cell surface expression on class I MHCs by mass spectrometry, to verify target presentation. We present here our current clinical ImmTAC candidate, IMCgp100, which targets the melanoma-associated gp100 antigen presented on HLA-A2. IMCgp100 has been extensively studied in vitro and is undergoing a phase IIa clinical trial in advanced melanoma patients in the UK and US. The maximum tolerated dose has been established and a dose expansion phase is currently underway. T-cell mobilisation, relevant cytokine release as well as tumour shrinkage have been monitored. The very encouraging results observed so far in our clinical trials show ImmTAC technology to be a promising efficient immunotherapy for cancer. Citation Format: Johanne Pentier, Mary Connolly, Martina Canestraro, Ruth Ryan, Luise Weigand, Namir Hassan, Annelise Vuidepot, Bent Jakobsen. IMCgp100 ImmTAC: A new immunotherapeutic reagent for the treatment of malignant melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR Inaugural International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; September 16-19, 2015; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A037.
Combustion Synthesis and Characterization of Pr0.8Sr0.2Co1-xFexO3 Nanocrystalline Powders (2006)

Different sets of perovskite-type oxides of general formula Pr0.8Sr0.2Co1-xFexO3 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8 and 1.0) were successfully prepared by the amorphous citrate method and auto- combustion synthesis at low temperature. Simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) was carried out on dried precursor gels to determine the perovskite-phase formation process, and thus discriminate the ignition temperature, actual combustion temperature, and temperature synthesis of the oxide. The calcination behaviour was studied at temperatures up to 1273 K. Single-phase nanocrystalline powders were obtained with controllable grain size from 30 to 100 nm as a function of the heating. Induced couple plasma (ICP) spectroscopy results indicated that for the prepared samples the actual metal contents were nearly equal to the nominal values. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that Pr0.8Sr0.2Co1-xFexO3 as-combusted compounds possessed a rhombohedral to orthorhombic structure, depending on the iron content. Composition dependence of lattice constants was observed to follow the Vegard's law. Moreover, the perovskite-type nano-powder oxides were characterized as electrodes on Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-x pellets in symmetrical cells, and the electrochemical properties of the electrode/electrolyte interfaces were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).
Fabrication technology and device performance of sub-50-nm-gate InP-based HEMTs (2002)

Sub-50-nm-gate InAlAs/InGaAs high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) lattice-matched to InP substrates were fabricated. Our method of fabrication includes the two-step-recess gate technology and a low temperature process, applied at below 300/spl deg/C. We succeeded in fabricating ultra-short 25-nm-long T-shaped-gates. RF measurements showed that the cutoff frequency f/sub T/ of a 25-nm-gate HEMT is 396 GHz, and this is the highest value yet reported for any type of transistor.
Spatiotemporal Patterns in Neurobiology: An Overview for Future Artificial Intelligence (2022)

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in developing models and tools to address the complex patterns of connectivity found in brain tissue. Specifically, this is due to a need to understand how emergent properties emerge from these network structures at multiple spatiotemporal scales. We argue that computational models are key tools for elucidating the possible functionalities that can emerge from interactions of heterogeneous neurons connected by complex networks on multi-scale temporal and spatial domains. Here we review several classes of models including spiking neurons, integrate-and-fire neurons with short term plasticity (STP), conductance based integrate-and-fire models with STP, and population density neural field (PDNF) models using simple examples with emphasis on neuroscience applications while also providing some potential future research directions for AI. These computational approaches allow us to explore the impact of changing underlying mechanisms on resulting network function both experimentally as well as theoretically. Thus we hope these studies will inform future developments in artificial intelligence algorithms as well as help validate our understanding of brain processes based on experiments in animals or humans.
Initial results of a phase II study of oxaliplatin (OX), capecitabine (CAP), bevacizumab (BV), and cetuximab (CET) in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) (2008)

4063 Background: FOLFOX/XELOX + BV are standard 1st line regimens for the treatment of mCRC. Based upon the activity of CET in mCRC, promising data with the XELOX-A regimen, and preclinical and early clinical data suggesting benefit from simultaneous targeting of the VEGF and EGFR pathways, we evaluated the safety and efficacy adding CET to the XELOX-A regimen. Methods: Pts with untreated mCRC received XELOX-AE: OX 130 mg/m2 d1, CAP 850 mg/m2 BID d1–14, BV 7.5 mg/kg d1, and CET 250 mg/m2 d1, 8, and 15 (loading dose CET = 400 mg/m2). Cycles were repeated every 3 weeks. Blood was collected for markers of response and resistance. Results: 29 pts have mature data for toxicity; 24 for efficacy. Median age 56 (range 33–76). Grade 3/4 adverse events which occurred in > 10 % of patients were: diarrhea (7/29 G3) and skin rash (9/29 G3). Other events of interest were: neuropathy (21/29, 2 G3), hypomagnesemia (15/29, 3 G 3) proteinuria (3 G2), HTN (1 G1), hand-foot syndrome (1 G1, 4 G2). 17/29 pts required dose modifications (16 OX, 9 CET, 11 CAP). There were 24 pts evaluable for response, 1 CR, 10 PR, 12 SD, and 1 PD (RR=45.8%; 95% CI: 27.0%-64.6%). Median progression free survival was 10.6 months (95% CI: 7.4–16.2). Median time to progression (TTP) was 14.0 months (95% CI: 7.4–16.2). Conclusions: XELOX-AE is an active regimen in the first line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. However, initial RR and PFS data approximate that of treatment with CAP, OX, and BEV alone, with an increase in toxicity, mainly skin rash, hypomagnesemia, and possibly diarrhea. Patient accrual is continuing. Updated data will be presented. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Bristol-Myers Squibb, Roche Genentech™ BioOncology, Roche, sanofi-aventis Bristol-Myers Squibb, Roche, sanofi-aventis
How much ozone bactericidal activity is compromised by plasma components? (2009)

Any substantial in vivo cytocidal effect of ozone and its derivatives can be excluded. On the other hand, topical and continuous action of various ozone preparations remains valuable in a variety of skin and mucosal infections.
Iodine(III)‐Mediated <i>para</i>‐Selective Direct Imidation of Anilides (2015)

Abstract The direct, nucleophilic imidation of acetanilide derivatives has been performed under mild, iodine(III)‐mediated or ‐catalyzed conditions, employing lithium triflimide as the nitrogen source. The reaction exhibits exclusive regioselectivity for the para position and shows a good tolerance for varied functional groups at both the ortho or meta positions. Preliminary mechanistic data suggest that the LiNTf 2 reagent plays a key role in the reactivity.
HBV DNA Integration: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications (2017)

Chronic infection with the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. One peculiar observation in cells infected with HBV (or with closely‑related animal hepadnaviruses) is the presence of viral DNA integration in the host cell genome, despite this form being a replicative dead-end for the virus. The frequent finding of somatic integration of viral DNA suggests an evolutionary benefit for the virus; however, the mechanism of integration, its functions, and the clinical implications remain unknown. Here we review the current body of knowledge of HBV DNA integration, with particular focus on the molecular mechanisms and its clinical implications (including the possible consequences of replication-independent antigen expression and its possible role in hepatocellular carcinoma). HBV DNA integration is likely to influence HBV replication, persistence, and pathogenesis, and so deserves greater attention in future studies.
Resistive and reactive changes to the impedance of intracortical microelectrodes can be mitigated with polyethylene glycol under acute in vitro and in vivo settings (2014)

The reactive response of brain tissue to implantable intracortical microelectrodes is thought to negatively affect their recordable signal quality and impedance, resulting in unreliable longitudinal performance. The relationship between the progression of the reactive tissue into a glial scar and the decline in device performance is unclear. We show that exposure to a model protein solution in vitro and acute implantation result in both resistive and capacitive changes to electrode impedance, rather than purely resistive changes. We also show that applying 4000 MW polyethylene glycol (PEG) prevents impedance increases in vitro, and reduces the percent change in impedance in vivo following implantation. Our results highlight the importance of considering the contributions of non-cellular components to the decline in neural microelectrode performance, and present a proof of concept for using a simple dip-coated PEG film to modulate changes in microelectrode impedance.
Biological effects of prostate specific antigen as an insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 protease (1994)

Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is an insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) protease found in seminal plasma and produced by prostatic epithelial cells (PC-E) in vivo. We examined the effects of PSA-proteolysis of IGFBP-3 on the affinity of IGFBP-3 fragments for IGFs and on the mitogenic action of IGFs on PC-E. Recombinant human IGFBP-3 was cleaved by PSA, then incubated with 125I-IGF-I or -II in the presence of varying concentrations of unlabelled peptides, and then cross-linking electrophoresis and densitometric analysis were performed. While the affinity of IGF-II for the PSA-generated IGFBP-3 fragments fell slightly compared to intact IGFBP-3, the affinity of the PSA-generated IGFBP-3 fragments for IGF-I fell by ten fold. The addition of IGF-I or -II to PC-E in serum-free culture conditions resulted in a two-fold stimulation of cell number compared to control. The presence of IGFBP-3 in the media blocked the IGF-induced stimulation, but had no independent effect in the absence of IGFs. When PSA was added to PC-E cultures to which both IGF-I or -II and IGFBP-3 were added, the inhibitory effects of IGFBP-3 on IGF mitogenesis were reversed. We conclude that PSA decreases the affinity of IGFBP-3 for IGF and can potentiate IGF action in the presence of inhibitory IGFBP-3. This phenomenon may contribute to normal and malignant prostate growth.
Terahertz intersubband emission in strong magnetic fields (2002)

Electroluminescence in quantum-cascade structures based on vertical transitions is studied in a strong perpendicular magnetic field in the limit in which the cyclotron energy is larger than the intersubband transition energy. Cyclotron emission and a luminescence intensity enhancement up to a factor of 6 is observed in GaAs/AlGaAs and InGaAs/InAlAs vertical transition-based quantum-cascade structures.