gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of immunological paralysis in two zones of dosage (1964)

Abstract Mice are capable of producing large amounts of antibody against BSA in response to stimulation by the antigen in fluid form or with adjuvant. Fluid BSA also induces paralysis, as judged by the incapacity of the mouse to respond later to immunization. The conditions of treatment which lead to immunization or paralysis have been measured. Two zones of paralysis have been identified, one high in respect of dosage and late in respect of duration of treatment, the other low and early. The high, late zone is entered only after an initial period of immunization has been passed through. An interpretation is offered in terms of (i) concomitant immunization, in which some cells become immunized while others become paralysed, and (ii) a double threshold of paralysis. In accordance with this hypothesis, partially paralysed mice make antibody of normal avidity. The response to other antigens of paralysed mice has also been examined. Suppression of responsiveness could not be found, thus confirming the highly specific nature of paralysis. Upon immunization with a cross-reactive antigen, HSA, an extremely weak antibody to the original paralysing antigen could be detected.
<title>Interfield sampling method dependency of overlay and global alignment</title> (2000)

According to the classical calculation of overlay margin as 1/4 design rule, the overlay control requirement for sub-0.15 micrometer design rule device is nominally below 40 nm. To meet this demand, it is necessary that one should analyze every part in global alignment and overlay measurement procedure, then factor out the parameter that is known to affect overlay control, and correct it as much as possible. One of the major causes degrading overlay budget seems to be the nonoptimized wafer sampling method. Compensated but undercorrected overlay errors usually fitted as linear terms can be amplified due to improper sampling method e.g. asymmetric one. In this paper, we have investigated the possible causes that yield global alignment noise and the sampling method dependency of global alignment repeatability and overlay model calculations. The achievement of better alignment repeatability is critical for improving not only in- wafer overlay but wafer-to-wafer overlay control. It is thus evident that overlay control can be improved by reducing alignment noises or by optimizing sampling method. Global alignment repeatability and its results are significantly affected by which chips in a wafer map are selected as global alignment purpose. This result can be understood as noise margin is different for each sampling plan and there exists an optimal sampling method. We tested several sampling methods that belong to symmetric group (translation, inversion, rotation symmetric), which are known to show better noise margin. The criteria to select the best sampling method were residual and linear term reproducibility which are significantly affected by raw data noise. The raw data variations include stage position errors and process induced alignment signal abnormality. We found among the candidates the optimal sampling method which leaves the least residual and shows as good repeatability as full chip measurement. Similar results could be obtained for overlay sampling method.
Induction of endogenous cytokine-mRNA in circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells by IL-2 administration to cancer patients. (1989)

The lymphokine IL-2 plays a central role in immune regulation. Recent clinical trials have shown that when administered systemically either alone, or in combination with lymphokine-activated killer cells, IL-2 can cause regression of metastatic tumors in some patients with a variety of otherwise refractory cancers. To evaluate the mechanism of in vivo action of IL-2, as well as the toxicity associated with its administration, we have studied the in vivo cytokine-mRNA expression of circulating PBMC in cancer patients undergoing treatment with high dose IL-2. Before IL-2 administration, we found low level or no evidence of cytokine-mRNA expression in PBMC. After IL-2 infusion, circulating PBMC showed enhanced proliferative activity and contained significant levels of mRNA for TNF-alpha and IL-6 as well as mRNA for the p55 IL-2R, Tac, but no mRNA coding for granulocyte-monocyte-CSF and TNF-beta (lymphotoxin). IL-1 beta mRNA was expressed at very low levels in circulating PBMC after IL-2 infusion. Each of these cytokine -mRNA was, however, inducible in vitro by stimulation of PBMC with IL-2 alone. The results of these in vivo studies suggest that IL-2 may be a physiologic inducer of TNF and IL-6 which, because of their pleiotropic effects, may be important endogenous signals in the body's immune response and account for some of the physiologic changes seen in patients receiving high dose IL-2.
Consejo Directivo de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia Acta número 44: Sesión del día 20 de noviembre de 1947 Presidencia del nuevo Ministro de Educación Dr. Joaquín Estrada Monsalve (1999)

En Bogota, a las 7: 10 p.m., en la Rectoria de la Universidad se abre la sesion bajo la presidencia del nuevo Ministro de Educacion Dr. Joaquin Estrada Monsalve, y con asistencia del senor Rector y de los consejeros Aristizabal, Carrizosa, Galindo, Holguin y Pastrana. Presentes los senores Guillermo Gonzalez Botero y Severiano Ortiz Nieto, Sindico y Auditor de la Universidad, respectivamente.
New-found link between microbiota and obesity (2015)

Due to the grave pathological role of obesity, worldwide research is being continued to find out the causative factors involved in it. Recent advances in this field reveal a possible relationship between the compositional pattern of gut microbiota and genesis of obesity. Several study results have shown that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs, microbiota-induced fermentation products) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS, an integral component of Gram negative microorganisms) play the key role in linking the two. Though several SCFAs are produced as microbiota-fermentation products, three of them, i.e., butyrate, propionate and acetate have been found to be definitely involved in obesity; though individually they are neither purely obesogenic nor antiobesogenic. Out of these, butyrate and propionate are predominantly antiobesogenic. Butyrate, though a major energy source for colonocytes, has been found to increase mitochondrial activity, prevent metabolic endotoxemia, improve insulin sensitivity, possess anti-inflammatory potential, increase intestinal barrier function and protect against diet-induced obesity without causing hypophagia. Propionate has been found to inhibit cholesterol synthesis, thereby antagonizing the cholesterol increasing action of acetate, and to inhibit the expression of resistin in adipocytes. Moreover, both these SCFAs have been found to cause weight regulation through their stimulatory effect on anorexigenic gut hormones and to increase the synthesis of leptin. Unlike butyrate and propionate, acetate, which is substantially absorbed, shows more obesogenic potential, as it acts as a substrate for hepatic and adipocyte lipogenesis. High fat diet increases the absorption of LPS, which, in turn, has been found to be associated with metabolic endotoxemia and to induce inflammation resulting in obesity. Multiple independent and interrelated mechanisms have been found to be involved in such linking processes which are discussed in this review work along with some possible remedial measures for prevention of weight gain and obesity.
An activity based costing approach to systems development and implementation (1998)

Many organizations are in the process of replacing legacy systems with large, integrated systems using new technological platforms. Accurate estimation of project resources required and appropriate allocation of actual development and implementation costs to users are two critical issues faced. This study proposes an activity based costing (ABC) approach to estimating and recovering system development and implementation costs. We develop the model in the context of a bank, using a two-stage approach. A prototype is first developed using two systems projects. Development of the prototype requires us to identify the resource pools and attendant costs, the major development activities, the consumption of resource costs by activities, the primary cost driver for each activity, and the driver rates for allocating activity costs to the system being implemented. The prototype model is then refined and validated using additional data collected from another 20 projects.
LDH isoenzyme patterns in human gastric mucosa with precancerous changes (1978)

By using an original method of electrophoresis separation, the normal relative values of each one of the LDH isoenzymes in the gastric body and antral mucosa were determined. It has been shown in gastric tumors that there is a significant rise in the relative values of “type M” isoenzymes (iso-LDH-4–5). With intestinal metaplasia as well as gastritis, a significant elevation of the relative value of iso-LDH-5 has been demonstrated in the antral mucosa. In 6 benign gastric polyps we found a similar disturbance. This would confirm the known precancerous condition of these lesions. In the normal mucosa of subtotal gastrectomy specimens, 19 patients with antral cancer had 2 types of LDH isoenzyme patterns: one normal and the other with an increase in the relative proportion of “type M” isoenzymes. These LDH isoenzyme pattern shifts in the gastric mucosa could be an early sign of malignancy prior to the morphologic changes.
“P & P” practice (1986)

Abstract Extract Madam:– Page 15 of the new Guide to Professional Conduct under practice categories lists the categories which may be used: Domestic pet (or companion animal) veterinary services. Equine (or horse) veterinary services. Farm (or production animal) veterinary services. General veterinary services, which are ”standardised to avoid any confusion or misleading of the public“.
Resistance to c-KIT kinase inhibitors conferred by V654A mutation (2007)

Certain mutations within c-KIT cause constitutive activation of the receptor and have been associated with several human malignancies. These include gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), mastocytosis, acute myelogenous leukemia, and germ cell tumors. The kinase inhibitor imatinib potently inhibits c-KIT and is approved for treatment of GIST. However, secondary point mutations can develop within the kinase domain to confer resistance to imatinib and cause drug-resistant relapse. A common mutation, which results in a V654A substitution, has been documented in imatinib-resistant GIST patients. We expressed c-KIT cDNA constructs encoding the V654A substitution alone and in combination with a typical activating exon 11 mutation characteristic of GIST, V560G, in factor-dependent FDC-P1 cells. The V654A substitution alone resulted in enhanced proliferation in c-KIT ligand (stem cell factor) but not factor independence. Cells expressing the double mutant were, like those expressing single V560G mutant c-KIT, factor independent. Analysis of cellular proliferation in the presence of imatinib showed that the V654A substitution alone conferred resistance. The difference in sensitivity was especially pronounced for cells expressing single mutant V560G c-KIT compared with double mutant V560G/V654A c-KIT. The findings were supported by studies of c-KIT phosphorylation. Analysis of the crystal structure of imatinib in complex with the kinase domain of c-KIT predicts that the V654A substitution directly affects the binding of imatinib to the receptor. Alternative c-KIT inhibitors, nilotinib (AMN107) and PKC412, were also less active on V560G/V654A c-KIT than on the V560G single mutant; however, nilotinib, like imatinib, potently inhibited the V560G mutant. PKC412 strongly inhibited imatinib-resistant D816V c-KIT.
Individuality? An Analysis of the Conception of the Individual in Science (2007)

The common sense notion in science and, indeed, everyday life, is that the is a concrete conception. We work constantly with such notions, and divide our world into parts such as individual objects, organisms, animals, and people. However, upon further philosophical consideration, these prima facie ideas become increasingly convoluted and we are led to wonder, what, if anything, constitutes an individual? This paper discusses some of the conceptual problems inherent in notions of individuality across time, and concludes that such subjective notions are too vague and uncertain for rigourous scientific purposes. Scientific investigation should, therefore, abandon such conceptions of individuality because they are not real features of the world about us; rather, they are pragmatic constructions of the mind that serve only to categorize our observations. If science, therefore, purports to objectively analyze the world as it is, then it should be free from subjective, mental constraints imposed upon it by our limited human perspective.
Int 10H Funktion 12H Unterfunktion 32H CPU-Zugriff erlauben/verbieten (1989)

Erlaubt oder verbietet der CPU den Zugriff auf die Ein-/Ausgabeports und den Bildwiederholungsspeicher des Bildschirmadapters.
Continuous biological tank leaching of a refractory arsenical sulphide concentrate to enhance gold extraction by cyanidation : a pilot plant and feasibility study at Equity Silver Mines Limited (2010)

Bench and pilot scale testing has shown that biooxidation of a refractory arsenical sulphide concentrate enhanced gold and silver extraction by cyanidation. Direct cyanidation of Southern Tail bulk sulphide concentrate typically resulted in less than 10% gold and silver recovery. Biological pretreatment of the sulphide concentrate resulted in 70% gold extraction and at least 30% silver extraction within economic process constraints. Biooxidation of a low grade arsenical sulphide concentrate, 5.5 g Au/t, 80 g Ag/t, and 2-5% As, was economically attractive due to apparent preferential oxidation of the gold bearing suphide mineral assemblage(s). Selective sulphide oxidation minimized the bioleach residence time, the oxygen/CO₂ requirements, and the costs associated with neutralization of the acidic byproducts of sulphide oxidation. Approximately 15% total sulphide oxidation was required to effect 70% gold extraction and 30-40% silver extraction. Additional sulphide oxidation improved gold extraction slightly and improved silver extraction significantly but was not economically attractive. Complete batch and continuous laboratory bioleach facilities were constructed at Equity. A detailed description of apparatus, methods, and operating data is presented. Critical variables that were studied included temperature, pH, pulp density, particle size, air/CO₂ requirements, nutrients, bioleachate recycle, inoculum source, degree of sulphide oxidation, cyanidation conditions, and bioleachate treatment. The laboratory data provided the design and operating criteria for a continuous bioleach pilot plant. Operation of the continuous pilot circuit, with a nominal design capacity of 2 tonnes per day, showed there was no significant effect of scale on the biohydrometallurgy or resultant precious metals hydrometallurgy. A detailed description of the pilot equipment and steady state operating parameters is presented. Considerations for scaleup and for plant scale design and optimization are discussed. A preliminary feasibility study, based on a conceptual design for an 800 tonne per day bioleach circuit, is detailed. The feasibility analysis showed that it is economically attractive to scavenge gold and silver values from Southern Tail flotation tailing using biooxidation to enhance the gold and silver extraction by cyanidation. The base case cash flow analysis showed a Net Present Value potential of $4,975 x 106 (1985) at 15% discount factor.
Optical single layer lift-off process (1985)

The lithography of the metal wiring layers is becoming the most confining technology in the era of VLSI (very large-scale integration), as more and more circuits have to be wired on the chip itself. The two competing technologies are subtractive etch (wet or dry), and additive metal lift-off. As lift-off needs no etching, it inherently offers cost and density advantages. It, however, requires an undercut photoresist profile. These undercuts can be achieved with an image-reversal process. The paper describes such a reversal process, especially tuned for lift-off applications. The result is a simple single-layer lift-off technology with excellent image quality.
Cellobiose dehydrogenases of <i>Sporotrichum (Chrysosporium) thermophile</i> (1991)

Both cellobiose dehydrogenases of Sporotrichum (Chrysosporium) thermophile, ATCC 42464, obtained after fractionation with DEAE-Trisacryl chromatography and named cellobiose dehydrogenase I and II have been purified to homogeneity by different chromatographic techniques. Both enzymes are slightly glycosylated flavocytochrome-b proteins with similar catalytic properties but with distinct molecular masses (91 kDa and 192 kDa for enzymes I and II, respectively) and isoelectric point (4.1 versus 3.45). Examination by SDS/PAGE clearly showed that the larger enzyme II is a homodimer, whose subunit is close to, but different from dehydrogenase I which is homogeneous by this technique. After limited digestion of both enzymes with papain, two main fractions with residual activity are formed, one carrying the heme, the other being the flavin component; each fraction is characterized by its particular chromatographic behaviour. The flavin carrying component shows an atypical (for flavoprotein) three-banded spectrum indicative of the presence of a flavin derivative. Both enzymes react very slowly with oxygen clearly forming some superoxide radicals and possibly hydrogen peroxide. Cellobiose and other cellodextrins are oxidized at their reducing glycosyl moiety to the corresponding aldonic acid. With the use of the autooxidable phenazinemethosulphate, cellulose (either in a hydrated form or crystalline) is also oxidized at free reducing ends so that appreciable amounts of cellobionic acid are released upon enzymatic hydrolysis.
The Derivation of a New Blind Equalization Algorithm (1996)

Blind equalization is a technique for adaptive equalization of a communication channel without the aid of training sequences. This paper proposes a new blind equalization algorithm. The advantage of the new algorithm is that it has the lower residual error than the GA (proposed by Godard) and Sign_GA (proposed by Weerackody et al.). The superior performance of the proposed algorithm is illustrated for the 16-QAM signal constellation. A Rummler channel model is assumed as a transmission medium. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared to the GA, Sign_GA and Stop & Go Algorithm (SGA). The simulation results demonstrate that an improvement in performance is achieved with the proposed equalization algorithm.
Magnetic resonance imaging of diabetic foot complications (2015)

This pictorial review aims to illustrate the various manifestations of the diabetic foot on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The utility of MR imaging and its imaging features in the diagnosis of pedal osteomyelitis are illustrated. There is often difficulty encountered in distinguishing osteomyelitis from neuroarthropathy, both clinically and on imaging. By providing an accurate diagnosis based on imaging, the radiologist plays a significant role in the management of patients with complications of diabetic foot.
Effect of Chelating Agents on the Susceptibility of Some Strains of Gram-Negative Bacteria to Some Antibacterial Agents (1974)

The effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and related chelating agents on the susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other strains of gram-negative bacteria to some beta-lactam antibiotics and some non-antibiotic antibacterial agents have been studied by two methods: (i) the determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations in the presence and absence of a chelating agent; and (ii) pretreatment with a chelating agent, followed by exposure for up to 120 min at 37 C to a beta-lactam drug in a nutrient medium or to the other type of antibacterial agent in a non-nutrient environment. The pretreatment technique gave the more significant results, especially with chlorhexidine, cetrimide, and benzalkonium chloride. Chelating agents that had previously been found to give a low order of activity as measured by effects on bacterial viability nevertheless appeared to induce some changes in the surface layers of the treated organisms, rendering them susceptible to sub-inhibitory concentrations of non-antibiotic drugs.
AI on edge device for laser chip defect detection (2019)

Machine learning has been a major driver for improving semiconductor laser chip manufacture process. The virtual metrology system was used to enable the manufacturers to conjecture the wafer quality and deduce the causes of defects without performing physical metrology. However, building the virtual metrology system required a large amount of classified chip images. Therefore, a fast, accurate, portable image classifier was needed to fit modern flexible semiconductor laser manufacture setup, even without Internet connection. Based on a few pre-trained deep learning modes(AlexNet, ZFNet, and GoogLeNet), we use transfer learning to train the classifier on semiconductor distributed feedback (DFB) laser chip images. The GoogLeNet was identified to outperform the other two, and a portable image classifier was built. This paper has two main contributions: (1) A GoogLeNet-based semiconductor laser chip defect detection and classification network was developed with better than 97% accuracy in manufacturing production test. (2) The inference network is implemented on single board computer with an Intel Movidius Neural Compute Stick and USB digital microscope to form a low-power off-line handheld laser chip defect image classifier.
A solution for displaying medical data models on mobile devices (2005)

Abstract: displaying three dimensional graphics on last generation mobile devices such as Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) and smart phones is a new and challenging task. Moreover, several additional issues are involved when complex models have to be displayed such as in 3D medical imaging. Medical data models often result by CT (Computed Tomography) or MRI (Magnetic Resonance Image) and the obtained volumetric data sets are processed and displayed by volume rendering techniques. These rendering algorithms require a lot computational power and storage resources not available in nowadays mobile devices. The paper proposes a distributed architecture where a remote rendering server is able to manage complex models and to code a MPEG stream to be sent to the client; the user can visualize and analyze interactively the model by roto-translation commands. Key-Words: remote visualization, mobile devices, medical imaging, distributed architecture 1