gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbazole substituted <i>N</i>‐acylated linear polyethylenimines (PEI). synthesis and characterization of poly[<i>N</i>‐(9‐carbazolyl)acetylethylenimine] and poly[<i>N</i>‐(2‐(9‐carbazolyl))propanoylethylenimine] (1986)

Abstract The synthesis of carbazola substituted N ‐acylated polyethylenimines, namely, poly[ N ‐(9‐carbazolyl)acetylethylenimine] 20 and poly[ N ‐(2‐(9‐carbazolyl))propanoylethylenimine] 21 by a grafting reaction onto PEI and isomerization polymerization of the carbazole substituted 2‐oxazolines is reported. A complete acylation of amino groups in PEI by the 9‐carbazolylacetyl groups was achieved by the p ‐nitrophenyl active ester method but PEI was only partially N ‐acylated by the 2‐(9‐carbazolyl)propanoyl groups under similar reaction conditions. The carbazole substituted 2‐oxazolines, namely, 2‐(9‐carbazolyl)methyl‐2‐oxazoline 18 and (R,S)‐2‐[1‐(9‐carbazolyl)]ethyl‐2‐oxazoline 19 , were prepared by a base induced cyclization of ß‐chloroamides. The ring‐opening isomerization polymerization of 18 and 19 in the molten state with a cationic initiator (dimethyl sulfate, methyl triflate, or ethylene glycol ditosylate) gave 20 and 21. Gel permeation chromatography of 20 and 21 obtained with different monomerto‐initiator ratios gave evidence of a chain transfer reaction with the monomer. The polymers were characterized by elemental analyses, IR, and 1 H‐NMR spectroscopy.
Synthesis of Arylpiperazine Derivatives as Protease Activated Receptor 1 Antagonists and Their Evaluation as Antiproliferative Agents (2016)

This study directed us to the identification of two interesting leads that may help to further validate PAR1 as an important therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
Sialyl Lewis<sup>x</sup>hybridized complement receptor type 1 moderates acid aspiration injury (2001)

The potentially enhanced anti-inflammatory effects of the sialyl Lewis(x) (sLe(x))-decorated version of soluble complement receptor type 1 (sCR1) in moderating acid aspiration injury are examined. HCl was instilled in tracheostomy tubes placed in mice, and extravasation of (125)I-labeled albumin in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was used to calculate the vascular permeability index (PI). Neutrophil counts in BAL fluid and immunohistochemistry were performed. PI was moderated by 82% after treatment with sCR1sLe(x) compared with 54% in sCR1-untreated mice (P < 0.05). Respective reductions in PI in mice treated 0.5 and 1 h after acid aspiration with sCR1sLe(x) of 70 and 57% were greater than the decreases in PI of 45 and 38% observed in respective sCR1-treated groups (P < 0.05). BAL fluid neutrophil counts in sCR1sLe(x)-treated mice were significantly less than those in sCR1-treated animals, which were similar to those in untreated mice. Immunohistochemistry stained for sCR1 only on the pulmonary vascular endothelium of sCR1sLe(x)- but not sCR1-treated mice. In conclusion, sCR1sLe(x) moderates permeability by antagonizing complement activation and neutrophil adhesion. Delayed complement and neutrophil antagonism significantly reduces injury.
Early toxicity and patient reported quality-of-life in patients receiving proton therapy for localized prostate cancer: a single institutional review of prospectively recorded outcomes (2018)

NCT, NCT01255748 . Registered 1 January 2013.
Aspects of photonuclear (12N, 12B)-activity detection of explosives taking into account background photoneutrons (2009)

Some new approaches are proposed, which are aimed at estimating the neutron flux from the radiator and tested object, reducing the role of background photo- and neutron-nuclear reactions (including a two-layer radiator with an advantage for neutrons up to 3.6), and increasing the sensitivity under irradiation from two lateral sides of tested objects and detection of decay γ′ photons from four sides within a solid angle up to 8π/3.
Pharmacodynamics of trovafloxacin in experimental pneumococcal meningitis: basis for dosage selection in children with meningitis (1999)

Trovafloxacin is a recently approved fluoroquinolone with excellent activity against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms that offers a potential alternative for treatment of beta-lactam-resistant pneumococcal meningitis. Using the rabbit meningitis model, we sought to characterize the pharmacodynamic properties of trovafloxacin in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Animals were given single doses of trovafloxacin of 10, 15, 20 or 30 mg/kg; 1 h after Infusion mean CSF concentrations were 0.59+/-0.18, 0.74+/-0.14, 1.12+/-0.12 and 1.07+/-0.35 mg/L, respectively. The bacterial killing rate Increased with increasing dosages of trovafloxacin, indicating that its activity is concentration dependent. All three pharmacodynamic Indices (area under the concentration curve (AUC)/MBC, peak concentration (Cmax)/MBC, and time above MBC (T > MBC)) correlated with bacterial killing; however, AUC/MBC correlated best (r = 0.71). In a second experiment we found comparable bacterial killing with multiple doses of trovafloxacin given either every serum half-life or every two serum half-lives. In both experiments bacterial regrowth occurred when the concentration of trovafloxacin in CSF fell below the MBC. These data have been used in formulating an appropriate regimen for trovafloxacin treatment of bacterial meningitis in children.
Phase Stability and Properties of Ti-Nb-Zr Thin Films and Their Dependence on Zr Addition (2018)

Ternary Ti-Nb-Zr alloys were prepared by a magnetron sputtering method with porous structures observed in some of them. In bulk, in order to control the porous structure, a space holder (NH₄HCO₃) is used in the sintering method. However, in the present work, we show that the porous structure is also dependent on alloy composition. The results from Young's modulus tests confirm that these alloys obey d-electrons alloy theory. However, the Young's modulus of ternary thin films (≈80⁻95 GPa) is lower than that for binary alloys (≈108⁻123 GPa). The depth recovery ratio of ternary Ti-Nb-Zr thin films is also higher than that for binary β-Ti-(25.9⁻34.2)Nb thin film alloys.
Cytologic Assessment of Peroperative Pleural Effusion and Prognosis in Lung Cancer Patients Who Underwent Resection. (1992)

Twenty-five of 108 lung cancer patients who underwent resection had cytologically positive pleural effusions. The rate at which cancer cells were detected was not related to the amount of the effusion. Almost one third of patients with cancer cells in effusion were alive at the end of the third postoperative year, provided that the pleura itself was free of metastasis at the time of operation. Correlation of the cytologically positive rate of pleural effusion (Y) with the degree of pleural metastasis (X1), the degree of pleural involvement (X2), or the degree of nodal involvement (X3) was analyzed using the Hayashi's quantification method type I. The multiple correlation coefficient was 0.843. Partial correlation coefficients of X1, X2, and X3 were 0.733, 0.446, and 0.653, respectively. Pleural metastasis had the strongest effect on the cytologically positive rate of pleural effusion.
Study of defects in reduced LPE bubble garnet films (1976)

Aluminum deposited on LPE bubble garnet films, which are then heated for 0.5 hour at 450°C, has been used to study reduction‐associated defects in garnets. This treatment leaves the garnet darkened by magnetically unchanged. Subsequent heating at ∠600°C with the A1 removed, causes a controllable reduction in magnetization due to Ga‐Fe redistribution, accelerated by the defects introduced at 450°C. Defects introducted into the same garnet films by annealing in nitrogen without aluminum at 1250°C have distinctly different characteristics. Thus the existance of at least two different types of reduction‐associated defects in garnets has been demonstrated.
Heterorhabditis heliothidis: A Potential Biological Control Agent of House Flies in Caged-Layer Poultry Barns. (1987)

Key words: biological control, Musca domestica, Diptera, temperature, entomogenous nematode.
Crystal‐to‐Crystal Synthesis of Helically Ordered Polymers of Trehalose by Topochemical Polymerization (2019)

Abstract The synthesis of crystalline helical polymers of trehalose via topochemical azide–alkyne cycloaddition (TAAC) of a trehalose‐based monomer is presented. An unsymmetrical trehalose derivative having azide and alkyne crystallizes in two different forms having almost similar packing. Upon heating, both the crystals undergo TAAC reaction to form crystalline polymers. Powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) studies revealed that the monomers in both the crystals polymerize in a crystal‐to‐crystal fashion; circular dichroism (CD) studies of the product crystals revealed that the formed polymer is helically ordered. This solvent‐free, catalyst‐free polymerization method that eliminates the tedious purification of the polymeric product exemplifies the advantage of topochemical polymerization reaction over traditional solution‐phase polymerization.
Prolonged Exposure Therapy for PTSD: Therapist Guide (2007)

Abstract This online therapist guide gives clinicians the information they need to treat clients who exhibit the symptoms of PTSD. It is based on the principles of Prolonged Exposure Therapy, the most scientifically-tested and proven treatment that has been used to effectively treat victims of all types of trauma. Clients are exposed to imagery of their traumatic memories, as well as real-life situations related to the traumatic event in a step-by-step, controllable way, and through this, will learn to confront the trauma and begin to think differently about it, leading to a marked decrease in levels of anxiety and other PTSD symptoms. Clients are provided education about PTSD and other common reactions to traumatic events. Breathing retraining is taught as a method for helping the client manage anxiety in daily life. Designed to be used in conjunction with the corresponding online client workbook, this therapist guide includes all the tools necessary to effectively implement the prolonged exposure program including assessment measures, session outlines, case studies, sample dialogues, and homework assignments.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pentafluorophenyl(ylide)silver(I) Complexes: X‐Ray Structures of Two Modifications of (Ag(C6F5)(CH2PPh3)). (1988)

Abstract Monomeric silver ylide complexes (IV) can be prepared according to the scheme.
Desulfonatronum paiuteum sp. nov.: A New Alkaliphilic, Sulfate-Reducing Bacterium, Isolated from Soda Mono Lake, California (2002)

A novel alkaliphilic, sulfate reducing bacterium strain MLF1(sup T) was isolated from sediments of soda Mono Lake, California. Gram-negative vibrion cells, motile by singular polar flagellum, with sizes 0.5 - 0.6x 1.2 - 2.0 micron occurred singly, in pairs or short spirilla. Growth was observed over the temperature range of +15 C to +48 C (optimum +37 C), NaCl concentration range is greater than 1 - 7 %, wt/vol (optimum 3 %, wt/vol) and pH range 7.8 - 10.5 (optimum pH 9.0 - 9.4). The novel isolate is strictly alkaliphilic, requires high carbonate concentration in medium, obligately anaerobic and catalase negative. As electron donors strain MLF1(sup T) uses hydrogen, formate, ethanol. Sulfate, sulfite, and thiosulfate (but not sulfur or nitrate) can be used as electron acceptors. The sole end product of growth on formate was H2S. Strain MLF1(sup T) is resistant to kanamycin and gentamycin, but sensitive to chloramphenicol and tetracycline. Na2MoO4 inhibits growth of strain MLF1(sup T). The sum of G+C in DNA is 63.1 mol% (by HPLC method). On the basis of physiological and molecular properties, the isolate was considered as novel species of genus Desulfonatronum; and the name Desulfonatronum paiuteum sp. nov., is proposed (type strain MLF1(sup T) = ATCC BAA-395(sup T) = DSMZ 14708(sup T).
A Probabilistic Approach to Zhang’s Sandpile Model (2008)

The current literature on sandpile models mainly deals with the abelian sandpile model (ASM) and its variants. We treat a less known - but equally interesting - model, namely Zhang’s sandpile. This model differs in two aspects from the ASM. First, additions are not discrete, but random amounts with a uniform distribution on an interval [a, b]. Second, if a site topples - which happens if the amount at that site is larger than a threshold value E c (which is a model parameter), then it divides its entire content in equal amounts among its neighbors. Zhang conjectured that in the infinite volume limit, this model tends to behave like the ASM in the sense that the stationary measure for the system in large volumes tends to be peaked narrowly around a finite set. This belief is supported by simulations, but so far not by analytical investigations. We study the stationary distribution of this model in one dimension, for several values of a and b. When there is only one site, exact computations are possible. Our main result concerns the limit as the number of sites tends to infinity. We find that the stationary distribution, in the case a ≥ E c /2, indeed tends to that of the ASM (up to a scaling factor), in agreement with Zhang’s conjecture. For the case a = 0, b = 1 we provide strong evidence that the stationary expectation tends to $$\sqrt{1/2}$$ .
179 (2014)

Parker, Jason; Mesia, Cesar; Moulick, Achintya; Stevens, Randy; Cies, Jeffrey; Tan, Viean; Nazari, Ramin Author Information
Pitch-scale modification using the modulated aspiration noise source (2006)

Spectral harmonic/noise component analysis of spoken vowels shows evidence of noise modulations with peaks in the estimated noise source component synchronous with both the open phase of the periodic source and with time instants of glottal closure. Inspired by this observation of natural modulations and of fullband energy in the aspiration noise source, we develop an alternate approach to high-quality pitchscale modification of continuous speech. Our strategy takes a dual processing approach, in which the harmonic and noise components of the speech signal are separately analyzed, modified, and re-synthesized. The periodic component is modified using standard modification techniques, and the noise component is handled by modifying characteristics of its source waveform. Since we have modeled an inherent coupling between the periodic and aspiration noise sources, the modification algorithm is designed to preserve the synchrony between temporal modulations of the two sources. The reconstructed modified signal is perceived in informal listening to be natural-sounding and typically reduces artifacts that occur in standard modification techniques. Index Terms: pitch modification, aspiration noise, modulated noise, breathiness, voice quality
Demonstration of cw soliton trains at 10, 40 and 160 GHz by means of induced modulation instability (2002)

Here we believe we demonstrate for the first time that induced modulational instability (MI) in common uniform fibers can be successfully used to produce continuous true soliton trains, and this can be achieved even at 10 GHz.
The TreeRank Tournament} Algorithm for Multipartite Ranking (2013)

Whereas a variety of e fficient learning algorithms have been recently proposed to perform bipartite ranking tasks, cast as M-estimation problems, when K>2, no method for optimizing the ROC manifold, or criteria summarizing the latter such as its volume, the gold standard for assessing performance in K-partite ranking, have been introduced in the statistical learning literature yet. It is the main purpose of this paper to describe at length an e fficient approach to recursive maximization of the ROC surface, extending the TreeRank methodology originally tailored for the bipartite situation (i.e. when K = 2). The main barrier arises from the fact that, in contrast to the bipartite case, the VUS criterion of any scoring rule taking K 3 values cannot be interpreted as a cost-sensitive misclassi cation error and no method is readily available to perform the recursive optimization stage. The learning algorithm we propose, called TreeRank Tournament, breaks it and builds recursively an ordered partition of the feature space, de ning a piecewise scoring function whose ROC manifold can be remarkably interpreted as a statistical version of an adaptive piecewise linear approximant of the optimal ROC manifold. Rate bounds in sup norm desccribing the generalization ability of the scoring rule thus built are established and numerical results illustrating the performance of the TreeRank Tournament approach, compared to that of natural competitors such as aggregation methods, are also displayed.
Synthesis of 3-(4-Pyridinyl)-, 3-(2-Chloro-4-pyridinyl)- and 3-(2-Amino-4-pyridinyl)propoxymethanephosphonic Acid (1995)

Reaction of sodium salt of 4-(3-hydroxypropyl)pyridine ( I ) with diisopropyl p -toluenesulfonyloxymethanephosphonate ( II ) afforded diisopropyl ester of the corresponding phosphonomethyl derivative ( III ), together with 4-cyclopropylpyridine ( IV ). The ester III was converted into free 3-(4-pyridinyl)propoxymethanephosphonic acid ( V ). The synthesis of 3-(2-amino-4-pyridinyl)propoxymethanephosphonic acid ( XVI ) started from 4-(3-benzoyloxypropyl)pyridine ( VII ) via the N -oxide VIII which on heating with phosphoryl chloride afforded the 2-chloro derivative IX . Compound IX was debenzoylated with sodium methoxide to give 2-chloro-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)pyridine ( XI ). Condensation of sodium salt of XI with tosylate II afforded diisopropyl 3-(2-chloro-4-pyridinyl)propoxymethanephosphonate ( XIII ) and 2-chloro-4-cyclopropylpyridine ( XIV ). Deprotection of the ester groups in XIII with bromotrimethylsilane gave 3-(2-chloro-4-pyridinyl)propoxymethanephosphonic acid ( XV ). The chlorine atom in position 2 was replaced by reaction of compound XV with aqueous ammonia at 200 °C under catalysis with copper(II) sulfate. This gave 3-(2-amino-4-pyridinyl)propoxymethanephosphonic acid ( XVI ) as the final product.
Polarized infrared spectroscopy at oblique incidence of optical phonons in In1−xGaxAs epilayers on InP (2002)

The concentration dependence of the zone-center optical phonons in strained In1−xGaxAs epilayers grown by chemical beam epitaxy on InP(100) has been measured with oblique angle, polarized far infrared reflectivity measurements. The spectra, containing distinct peaks at the phonon frequencies, were curved resolved for the individual phonon modes which included GaAs-like longitudinal optic (LO) and transverse optic (TO), disorder induced, and InAs-like LO and TO phonons. The concentration dependence of the phonon frequencies, examined for 0.31&lt;x&lt;0.56, showed a nearly linear dependence on gallium fraction.
Alterations of presynaptic and endothelial functions in SHR: effects of adenosine. (1986)

The effects of adenosine on stimulation-evoked 3H-efflux from perfused mesenteric arteries pretreated with 3H-norepinephrine and on norepinephrine-induced contractile responses of the thoracic aorta before and after mechanical removal of endothelial cells were examined in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) compared with Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Adenosine inhibited the stimulation-evoked 3H-efflux; this inhibitory effect was smaller in young and adult SHR than age-matched WKY. Mechanical removal of endothelial cells rendered the SHR aorta much less responsive to adenosine, while in the WKY aorta endothelial removal had no influence on the relaxation response to adenosine. These results support the hypothesis that pre-synaptic factors are contributory whereas endothelial factors are compensatory to hypertension in SHR.
Stability of Monoclonal Antibody Production in Hybridoma Cell Culture (2020)

Standardization and control of pharmaceutical proteins during their production is of major interest for producers and regulatory authorities [1]. Important aspects of the production of biologicals by mammalian cells for pharmaceutical applications in humans are the consistency and biological activity of the produced proteins, and the stability of the product formation and cell line during long-term culture. For this reason, these proteins should be characterized at several stages during the development and production processes of the proteins, including the establishment, standardization, and selection of the cells; adaption to culture medium; and upscaling to larger-sized culture systems. Moreover, the stability of the cells and the product during long-term culturing, for at least several months, and the product stability during downstream processing and after long term-storage have to be assessed.
The Role of CC Chemokines in Th1- and Th2-Type Pulmonary Inflammation Models (1999)

Elucidation of the factors involved in the initiation and persistence of inflammatory diseases within the interstitial space of the lung has garnered great research interest over the past two decades. Interstitial lung diseases are defined as pulmonary inflammatory disorders that lead to excessive tissue injury and progressive fibrosis. Idiopathic fibrosis and end-stage sarcoidosis are two clinically predominant examples (1). Whereas the list of inflammatory mediators present in interstitial lung diseases has grown immensely to include cytokines, growth factors, prostanoids, eicosanoids, and free radicals (2) little is presently known about the manner in which these factors initiate and sustain these complex diseases. An inflammatory response to infection or injury within the lung is typically characterized by the de novo generation of inflammatory mediators by tissue resident immune (i.e., alveolar macrophages and mast cells) and nonimmune (i.e., epithelial) cells. These mediators modulate the function of these cells and also promote the infiltration of lymphocytes and phagocytes, and the concerted efforts of all of these cells facilitate the destruction and/or clearance of the inflammatory stimulus. Once this aim has been achieved, the last stage of the inflammatory response involves the restoration of the tissue to its original state. Clearly, the recruitment and tissue-reparative stages must be closely regulated in the lung because excessive tissue injury or overexuberant tissue healing can significantly disrupt the pulmonary architecture and even lead to respiratory failure (3). In prolonged inflammatory diseases of the lung, clinical and laboratory evidence suggest that the inability of the lung to contain the inflammatory process and/or repair itself correctly is related to the persistence of one or several inflammatory signals (4). KeywordsIdiopathic Pulmonary FibrosisInterstitial Lung DiseaseLung FibroblastGranuloma FormationPulmonary InflammationThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
On Au<sub>n</sub>At clusters as potential astatine carriers (2017)

To understand interactions between astatine atoms with gold clusters the Au<sub>n</sub>At and Au<sub>n</sub>X clusters, <italic>n</italic> = 12 or 13, X = F, Cl, Br, and I, were calculated at the DFT level using basis sets with a quasi-relativistic pseudopotential.