gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calculation of ionization potentials and electron affinities for molecules relevant for streamer initiation and propagation (2008)

We have compared three different methods for calculating the ionization potential and electron affinities for typical molecules used in streamer propagation studies. The calculation of the ionization potential is straightforward. The electron affinities are more difficult to calculate and we discuss the reason for these problems.
beta-Endorphin: formation of alpha-helix in lipid solutions. (1979)

Human beta-endorphin adopts a partial helical conformation in aqueous solutions of cerebroside sulfate, ganglioside GM1, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidic acid, but not of cerebroside and phosphatidylcholine, as evidenced by circular dichroic spectra. Addition of Ca2+ to the peptide in cerebroside sulfate solution can break up the helix; at 10 mM Ca2+ the peptide (12 microM) essentially exists in an unordered form. For comparison, sheep beta-lipotropin in acidic cerebroside sulfate solution (pH less than 4) also has a partial helical conformation of the complex between human beta-endorphin and lipids may be related to the opiatelike function of this peptide hormone.
The New York Manhattan Theatre success, Wm. A. Brady & Jos. R. Grismer's production, A stranger in a strange land by Sidney T. Wilbur & Walter Vincent. (1900)

Caption: Ladies, allow me to introduce to you my life-preserver, the noble red-skin!
Created and copyright 1900 by The Strobridge Litho Co, Cincinnati & New York.
Direction of Thall & Kennedy.
N.Y. no. 9065.
Forms part of: Theatrical poster collection (Library of Congress)
EPR AND PRIMITIVE LIFE: DATING AND VISUA LIZING THE ORGANIC MATTER IN THE OLDEST ROCKS . L. (2007)

Introduction: Traces of early life on Earth or of possible life on Mars should occur as carbonaceous matter preserved in very old rocks. However, any fossilized carbonaceous matter, whether biological or abiotic, undergoes a complex evolution over geological times [1]. At the end of this maturation process, the carbonaceous matter has lost most traces of its origin so that biogenicity or abioticity are difficult to assess on a chemical or structural basis. Besides in the case of terrestrial rocks, unavoidable biogenic contamination by endolithic bacteria complicates the problem of proving the biogenicity of ancient terrestrial organic matter [2]. Therefore there is a need for analytical techniques able to: (i) detect minute amounts of carbonaceous matter in mineral samples, (ii) visualize the distribution of the carbonaceous matter inside the samples, (iii) estimate the age of the carbonaceous matter, (iv) determine the origin (biotic or abiotic) of the carbonaceous matter, (v) perform the above mentioned tasks in a non destructive manner, specifically in the case of Martian samples. The aim of this work was to assess the potential of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) to address these issues. This nondestructive technique detects radicals (unpaired electrons in dangling bonds) produced by the maturation in the carbonaceous matter [3, 4]. We used cherts (microcrystalline SiO2), and synthetic silica containing carbonaceous matter as test samples.
Apoptosis Associated with Deregulated E2F Activity Is Dependent on E2F1 and Atm/Nbs1/Chk2 (2004)

The retinoblastoma protein (Rb)/E2F pathway links cellular proliferation control to apoptosis and is critical for normal development and cancer prevention. Here we define a transcription-mediated pathway in which deregulation of E2F1 by ectopic E2F expression or Rb inactivation by E7 of human papillomavirus type 16 signals apoptosis by inducing the expression of Chk2, a component of the DNA damage response. E2F1- and E7-mediated apoptosis are compromised in cells from patients with the related disorders ataxia telangiectasia and Nijmegen breakage syndrome lacking functional Atm and Nbs1 gene products, respectively. Both Atm and Nbs1 contribute to Chk2 activation and p53 phosphorylation following deregulation of normal Rb growth control. E2F2, a related E2F family member that does not induce apoptosis, also activates Atm, resulting in phosphorylation of p53. However, we found that the key commitment step in apoptosis induction is the ability of E2F1, and not E2F2, to upregulate Chk2 expression. Our results suggest that E2F1 plays a central role in signaling disturbances in the Rb growth control pathway and, by upregulation of Chk2, may sensitize cells to undergo apoptosis.
Quantum Phases of Ultra Cold Bosons in Incommensurate 1D Optical Lattices (2006)

We study theoretically a BEC loaded into an optical lattice in the tight-binding regime, with a second, weak incommensurate lattice acting as a perturbation. We find, using direct diagonalization of small systems and a large scale, number conserving Gutzwiller-based mean field approach, the phase diagram of the model. We show that the superfluid, Mott-insulator and Bose-glass phases familiar from disordered systems appear here as well, with a localization transition occurring already in a 1D geometry, contrary to the well known Anderson localization. We complement these results with GPE simulations, and stress the fundamental difference between commensurate and incommensurate lattices. These results, together with calculations we have performed for realistic scenarios, suggest that this setup is well suited for available experimental realizations.
Effective Well Planning and Stimulation Improves Economics of Horizontal Wells in a Low-Permeability West Texas Carbonate (2002)

Abstract When an operator is planning to drill a horizontal completion in a lower-permeability carbonate or sandstone reservoir, one of the prime well-design considerations is cost containment. Unfortunately, many operators use decision-making processes that are inappropriately weighted toward cost reduction and insufficiently or incompletely weighted toward incorporating completion processes that will ensure adequate producing rates. As a result, the ultimate hydrocarbon recoveries that were used in the economic justification of the program may not be achieved. This paper presents a case study of a multiyear horizontal completion project in west Texas that was very successful in exposing the "false economy" of not cementing casing in horizontal wells drilled in low-permeability reservoirs. Increasing initial well costs about 20 to 25% resulted in a 3- to 10-fold increase in economic returns. This project included wells drilled in the heart of the play, in one of the flank areas, and also in an "edge" portion of the field, with comparisons to openhole completions in each area. The project offers several guidelines that should be followed by almost any global application of horizontal completions in lower-permeability reservoirs.
Pharmacological control of the human gastric histamine H2 receptor by famotidine:comparison with H<sub>1</sub>, H<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>3</sub> receptor agonists and antagonists (1989)

Abstract. Histamine 0–1 µM‐0.1 mM increased adenylate cyclase activity five‐ to ten‐fold in human fundic membranes, with a potency Ka = 3 µM. The histamine dose‐response curve was mimicked by the H 3 receptor agonist (R) α‐MeHA, but at 100 times lower potency, Ka = 0.3 mM. Histamine‐induced adenylate cyclase activation was abolished by H 2 , H 1 and H 3 receptor antagonists, according to the following order of potency IC 50 :famotidine (0.3 µM) > triprolidine (0.1 mM) thioperamide (2 mM), respectively. Famotidine has no action on membrane components activating the adenylate cyclase system, including the Gs subunit of the enzyme stimulated by forskolin and cell surface receptors sensitive to isoproterenol (β 2 ‐type), PGE 2 and VIP. The Schild plot was linear for famotidine ( P < 0.01), with a regression coefficient r = 0.678. The slope of the regression line was 0.64 and differs from unity. Accordingly, famotidine showed a slow onset of inhibition and dissociation from the H 2 receptor in human cancerous HGT‐1 cells. The results demonstrate that famotidine is a potent and selective H 2 receptor antagonist with uncompetitive actions in human gastric mucosa. Consequently, famotidine might be a suitable drug with long‐lasting actions in the treatment of Zollinger‐Ellison syndrome. The results also confirm and extend the previous observations that (R) α‐MeHA and thioperamide are two selective ligands at histamine H 3 receptor sites. In the human gastric mucosa, these drugs are respectively 330 and 6700 times less potent than histamine and famotidine on the adenylate cyclase system. The possible involvement of histamine H 3 receptors in the regulation of gastric secretion is proposed.
Infusional 5-FU: The 24-hour weekly approach Clause-Henning Köhne (2001)

Despite its limited activity as a single agent, especially when given as an intravenous bolus, 5-ﬂuorouracil (5-FU) remains the chemotherapeutic agent of choice for advanced colorectal cancer. To enhance the efﬁcacy of 5-FU, the optimal dose, schedule, method of administration, and biochemical modulation of 5-FU all continue to be investigated in clinical trials. 5-FU has a short plasma half-life of approximately 8-14 minutes.1 The drug is cytotoxic mainly to cells in the S phase. Therefore, with bolus administration of 5-FU, only a small proportion of cells are susceptible, as compared with administration by continuous infusion of 5-FU. Plasma levels above a threshold of 1 µM are considered necessary for the cytotoxic effect, and are thus maintained for only a few hours. 5-FU clearance is faster for schedules with continuous infusion as compared with bolus administration.2,3 The longer the infusion period of 5-FU, the lower is the tolerable dose of 5-FU. When 300 mg/m2 5-FU are administered over several weeks, plasma steady-state concentrations of less than 1 µM are measured.4 If infused over 4-5 days at a dose of 1 g/m2, plasma steady-state concentrations are in the range of 1-3 µM.5 With the use of weekly 24-hour continuous infusion with a dose of 2000-2600 mg/m2, the plasma steady-state concentration is 6-8 µM.5
HSV-2 and HIV: consequences of an endemic opportunistic infection. (1997)

People with HIV are also frequently co-infected with herpes simplex viruses (HSV), although the interactions between the two are not fully understood. Evidence suggests that HSV is a risk factor for the transmission of HIV, is a common opportunistic pathogen in HIV-infected persons, and that HSV reactivation appears to regulate HIV replication. The clinical significance of these interactions is not well defined. Current information about the HSV-HIV interaction is reviewed, and future research projects are suggested. Advanced HIV infection has been associated with genital herpes, and unusually severe outbreaks of genital herpes and persistent herpetic ulcerations are an AIDS-defining diagnosis. Chronic anti-HSV therapy may be beneficial in some persons with HIV. Studies are being designed to address some of the outstanding issues in understanding the links between the two infections, and potential volunteers in the trials are invited to participate. Contact the University of Washington Virology Research Clinic for further information.
DISINFECTION OF THE MOUTH A POTENT FACTOR IN THE TREATMENT OF LA GRIPPE. (1897)

In my capacity as a dentist, through dispensary and hospital practice incident to the study of general medicine, and by consultation with physicians in regular practice, who were particularly alive to the importance of the oral cavity in its relation to other disturbances, several conclusions have been borne upon my mind, which it is my desire to make the basis of this discussion. 1. That the disinfection of the oral cavity ought to be, and would be, if the necessity of it were sufficiently understood, as much a part of preliminary treatment of many diseases as the administration of a cathartic. 2. What is wanted to bring the dentist and the medical practitioner more frequently into consultation, as they ought to be, is not so much reports of remarkable cases, which, while they call attention to the possibilities of trouble, do not give an adequate idea of the frequency of
A Complex with Three‐Coordinate Tungsten Atom: [(silox)<sub>2</sub>WN<i>t</i>Bu](silox = <i>t</i>Bu<sub>3</sub>SiO) (1991)

Short WN and WO distances, as well as nearly linear WNC and W-O-Si units characterize the trigonal-planar, slightly distorted coordination sphere of the W atom in 1. Emerald-green crystals of 1 are formed in very high yield on reduction of the chloro complex 2 in diethyl ether. Compound 1 is stable as a solid, but decomposes in benzene with a half-life of 1 h.
Exploring the Protein Stability Landscape: <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Lipase A as a Model for Detergent Tolerance (2015)

A systematic study was conducted with Bacillus subtilis lipase A (BSLA) to determine the effect of every single amino acid substitution on detergent tolerance. BSLA is a minimal α/β-hydrolase of 181 amino acids with a known crystal structure. It can be expressed in Escherichia coli and is biochemically well characterized. Site saturation mutagenesis resulted in a library of 3439 variants, each with a single amino acid exchange as confirmed by DNA sequencing. The library was tested against four detergents, namely SDS, CTAB, Tween 80, and sulfobetaine. Surface remodeling emerged as an effective engineering strategy to increase tolerance towards detergents. Amino acid residues that significantly affect the tolerance for each of the four detergents were identified. In summary, this systematic analysis provides an experimental dataset to help derive novel protein engineering strategies as well as to direct modeling efforts.
Structural Properties of ICPCVD Fabricated SiO2/SiOx Superlattice for Use in Beyond Shockley-Queisser-Limit Solar Cells (2012)

Si-Nanocrystals (Si-NCs), due to their superior optical and electrical properties compared to bulk-Si, are attractive for next generation photovoltaic applications. In particular, controlling bandgap by varying Si-NC size can be exploited for realizing low cost, environmental friendly, “all-Si” tandem solar cells. Tandem cells reduce the intrinsic heat losses (for photon energies higher than bandgap) and penetration loses (for photon energies lower than the band gap) of a single junction solar cell. Better understanding of formation and structural evolution of Si-NCs is crucial for realizing Si-NCs of tight size control. In view of this, Si-NCs were fabricated using SiO2/SiOx superlattice approach by Inductively Coupled Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition (ICPCVD). Structural properties of the films and superlattices, in particular, structural modification of SiOx before and after annealing at 900 °C was studied using XPS, FTIR and Raman Spectroscopy characterizations. Formation of Si-NCs was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. Complete effusion of hydrogen was observed on annealing.
Spray-coated Pt counter electrode of dye-sensitized solar cell utilizing electrostatic inkjet printing (2014)

Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) is highly focused because of low-cost. Generally, DSC was composed of photoelectrode, dye, electrolyte, and counter electrode (CE). Sputter-coated Pt on the fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) electrode was mainly used as CE, however it was expensive and low speed fabrication. In this study, we tried to apply the spray mode of the electrostatic inkjet printing for fabrication of CE. Fundamental characteristics were investigated with the spray-coated Pt CE, the sputter-coated Pt CE, and FTO CE. Conversion efficiency was very low in case of FTO CE. Efficiency of spray-coated Pt CE was 3.6%. The efficiency was a little lower than that of commonly used sputter-coated Pt CE because Pt was not completely coated on the FTO glass by the inkjet printing. These results indicated that spray-coated Pt on FTO glass had possibility to be used as CE of DSC.
Effective ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction-mediated gene transfer into the livers of small and large animals (2013)

Ultrasound (US)-targeted microbubble (MB) destruction (UTMD) can significantly enhance gene delivery in mouse livers when pDNA/MBs were injected into the portal vein (PV) with simultaneous US exposure using a focused transducer. However, this transducer was ineffective in enhancing gene transfer into rats. A 13-mm diameter unfocused transducer was designed and the delivery route of pDNA/MBs was modified into a specific liver lobe, resulting in &gt;100-fold increase in luciferase expression in rats. To facilitate the translation into human application, many technical issues were explored in large animal models. We applied 1.1 MHz US to a targeted canine liver lobe with simultaneous injection of pDNA/MBs into a PV segmental branch and occlusion of the inferior vena cava. For more effective treatment of large tissue volumes, a 52-mm planar unfocused transducer was specifically constructed. Its apodized dual element configuration greatly reduced the near field transaxial pressure variations, producing a uniform field of US exposure for the treated tissues. Together with a 15 kW-capacity US amplifier, a 692-fold increase of gene expression in canines was achieved at 2.7-MPa. Transaminase levels and histology analysis indicated minimal tissue damage. These results demonstrated that UTMD is highly promising for safe and efficient gene delivery into the liver.
The Alkaloids of Stephania sasakii HAYATA. (13). On the Tertiary Minor Bases (1981)

Additional thirteen minor alkaloids (including an N-acetyl compound) were isolated from Stephania sasakii HAYATA. Among them, N-acetylstepharine, 7-oxocrebanine and dehydrophanostenine were new naturally occurring products, and the formulas 3, 14 and 12, determined from various spectral data and their chemical reactions, respectively. The others were five known compounds, such as N-methyl-6, 7-dimethoxy-1-isoquinolone (1), dehydroroemerine (9), cepharadione-A (15), lysicamine (13), cepharamine (16) and five unidentified alkaloids (Tentatively named E, F, G, H and I).
Characterization of surfactant and phospholipid vesicles for use as pseudostationary phases in electrokinetic chromatography (2003)

The physical, electrophoretic and chromatographic properties (mean diameter, electroosmotic flow, electrophoretic mobility, elution range, efficiency, retention, and hydrophobic, shape, and chemical selectivity) of three surfactant vesicles and one phospholipid vesicle were investigated and compared to a conventional micellar pseudostationary phase comprised of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Chemical selectivity (solute-pseudostationary phase interactions) was discussed from the perspective of linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) analysis. Two of the surfactant vesicles were formulated from nonstoichiometric aqueous mixtures of oppositely charged, single-tailed surfactants, either cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium octyl sulfate (SOS) in a 3:7 mole ratio or octyltrimethylammonium bromide (OTAB) and SDS in a 7:3 mole ratio. The remaining surfactant vesicle was comprised solely of bis(2-ethylhexyl)sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT) in 10% v/v methanol, and the phospholipid vesicle consisted of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) and phosphatidyl serine (PS) in 8:2 mole ratio. The mean diameters of the vesicles were 76.3 nm (AOT), 86.9 nm (CTAB/SOS), 90.1 nm (OTAB/SDS), and 108 nm (POPC/PS). Whereas the coefficient of electroosmotic flow (10(-4) cm2 V(-1) s(-1)) varied considerably (1.72 (OTAB/SDS), 3.77 (CTAB/SOS), 4.05 (AOT), 5.26 (POPC/PS), 5.31 (SDS)), the electrophoretic mobility was fairly consistent (-3.33 to -3.87 x 10(-4) cm2 V(-1) s(-1)), except for the OTAB/SDS vesicles (-1.68). This resulted in elution ranges that were slightly to significantly larger than that observed for SDS (3.12): 3.85 (POPC/PS), 8.6 (CTAB/SOS), 10.1 (AOT), 15.2 (OTAB/SDS). Significant differences were also noted in the efficiency (using propiophenone) and hydrophobic selectivity; the plate counts were lower with the OTAB/SDS and POPC/PS vesicles than the other pseudostationary phases (< or = 75,000/m vs. > 105,000/m), and the methylene selectivity was considerably higher with the CTAB/SOS and OTAB/SDS vesicles compared to the others (ca. 3.10 vs. < or = 2.6). In terms of shape selectivity, only the CTAB/SOS vesicles were able to separate all three positional isomers of nitrotoluene with near-baseline resolution. Finally, through LSER analysis, it was determined that the cohesiveness and hydrogen bond acidity of these pseudostationary phases have the greatest effect on solute retention and selectivity.
Feedback Cancellation for T-DMB Repeaters Based on Frequency-Domain Channel Estimation (2010)

This paper presents a novel feedback canceller for a terrestrial digital multimedia broadcasting (T-DMB) on-channel repeater (OCR). There is a crucial requirement for an OCR that the isolation between the transmitter and the receiver antennas should be sufficiently secured to prevent unwanted oscillation. The required isolation, however, may not be satisfied by some physical or technical limitations. In order to overcome these obstacles, undesired feedback signals have been usually reduced by feedback cancellation techniques based on pilot-aided frequency-domain channel estimation (FDCE). In case of the T-DMB system, however, there are no pilot symbols except for the phase reference symbols (PRSs), which are transmitted only once every 76 OFDM symbols. Consequently, the convergence speed and the tracking capability of the FDCE-type feedback cancellers may not meet the required robustness in coping with dynamic feedback channels. To improve the immunity to time-varying channels, we increase the usable number of updates in our feedback canceller, where the PRS is divided into several sub-PRSs during the PRS period and pseudo pilots are generated by decision-directed estimation in the data-symbol duration. Simulation results show that the proposed methods do improve the convergence speed and the tracking capability of the conventional method in both static and dynamic feedback channels.
AVIAN NEUROHYPOPHYSIAL HORMONES: PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND TENTATIVE IDENTIFICATION<sup>1</sup> (1960)

Journal Article AVIAN NEUROHYPOPHYSIAL HORMONES: PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND TENTATIVE IDENTIFICATION Get access ROBERT A. MUNSICK, ROBERT A. MUNSICK 1Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York, N. Y. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar WILBUR H. SAWYER, WILBUR H. SAWYER 1Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York, N. Y. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. B. VAN DYKE H. B. VAN DYKE 1Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York, N. Y. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Endocrinology, Volume 66, Issue 6, 1 June 1960, Pages 860–871, https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-66-6-860 Published: 01 June 1960 Article history Received: 20 January 1960 Published: 01 June 1960