gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Orthorhombic LiMnO2 as a High Capacity Cathode for Li-Ion Battery by Emulsion Drying Method (2001)

Abstract Orthorhombic LiMnO2 was readily synthesized by calcination of an emulsion-dried powder precursor. The optimum synthesis condition to crystallize into zigzag layered β-NaMnO2 system was to calcine at 925 °C for 12 h in an Ar atmosphere. According to TEM observation, the prepared material from the emulsion-dried precursor consisted of highly ordered single crystalline particle. Li/LiMnO2 cell showed the capacity of about 173 mAh (g-oxide)−1 and excellent capacity retention upon cycling with help of cycle-induced spinel like phase, more than 155 mAh g−1 over 300 cycles at 25 °C.
Studies on Shinshiki Shoyu (Semi-Chemical Soy Sauce). Part IV (1960)

新式中和液,アミノ酸醤油等の脱脂大豆塩酸分解中和液を窒素ガス通気,加熱吸引して生成する揮発性硫黄化合物を塩化カルシウム,酢酸鉛,シアン化水銀水溶液,塩化第二水銀水溶液の各トラップを順次通過せしめ,硫化水素,メチルメルカプタン,ジメチルサルファイドを分離確認し,ジメチルジサルファイドの存在を推定した,これらはいわゆる分解臭の一特徴的成分をなすものである.
A thermodynamic model of the lamellar to inverse hexagonal phase transition of lipid membrane-water systems (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA thermodynamic model of the lamellar to inverse hexagonal phase transition of lipid membrane-water systemsGregory L. Kirk, Sol M. Gruner, and D. L. SteinCite this: Biochemistry 1984, 23, 6, 1093–1102Publication Date (Print):March 13, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 13 March 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00301a009https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00301a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views861Altmetric-Citations168LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Using visualization tools to understand concurrency (1992)

A visualization tool that provides an aggregate view of execution through a graph of events called the causality graph, which is suitable for systems with hundreds or thousands of processors, coarse-grained parallelism, and for a language that makes communication and synchronization explicit, is discussed. The methods for computing causality graphs and stepping through an execution with causality graphs are described. The properties of the abstraction algorithms and super nodes, the subgraphs in causality graphs, are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multi-spatial Scale Event Detection from Geo-tagged Tweet Streams via Power-law Verification (2019)

Compared with traditional news media, social media nowadays provides a richer and more timely source of news. We are interested in multi-spatial level event detection from geo-tagged tweet streams. Specifically, in this paper we (1) examine the statistical characteristic for the time series of the number of geo-tagged tweets posted from specific regions during a short time interval, e.g., ten seconds or one minute; (2) verify from over thirty datasets that while almost all such time series exhibit self-similarity, those that correspond to events, especially short-term and unplanned outbursts, follow a power-law distribution; (3) demonstrate that these findings can be applied to facilitate event detection from tweet streams. We propose two algorithms---Power-law basic and Power-law advanced, where Power-law basic only checks the existence of power-law distributions in the time series from tweet streams at multi-spatial scales, without looking into the content of each tweet, and Power-law advanced integrates power-law verification with semantic analysis via word embedding. Our experiments on multiple datasets show that by considering spatio-temporal statistical distributions of tweets alone, the seemingly naive algorithm of Power-law basic achieves comparable results with more advanced event detection methods, while the semantic analysis enhanced version, Power-law advanced, can significantly increase both the precision and the recall.
Image and video classification (2006)

Automatic image and video classification is important in many applications, such as surveillance, image retrieval, and medical diagnosis. Many computer vision problems can also be re-stated as classifying images and videos. In this dissertation, I describe new approaches for various image and video classification problems, including static image categorization, dynamic gait recognition, and unsupervised motion layer recovery. 
First, two algorithms are developed for classifying images and video sequences represented as ensembles of instances. Different from previous classification approaches, our algorithms explicitly identify the uninformative instances and remove them from the further classification stage. A Support Vector Machine (SVM) based approach with reject option, called RO-SVM, is designed to determine the classifier and the rejection region at the same time. An efficient combinatorial optimization method is employed to detect uninformative instances among the training data using a multipartite graph structure. Hierarchical classifiers are then built correspondingly for automatic detection of uninformative instances and classification. These two approaches are applied to both image categorization and gait recognition, and improved classification accuracies are achieved due to the removal of uninformative samples. 
While the above classification approaches treat individual video frames as independent samples, motion dynamics is also important, especially when recognizing walking people. A model-based gait feature extraction procedure is presented to extract joint position trajectories using the Metropolis-Hasting method. Hidden Markov Models are trained to identify subjects based on the frequencies of these trajectories. Promising recognition rates are achieved for both indoor and outdoor sequences. 
Furthermore, a novel variational approach is described to partition image pixels into different motion layers with consistent apparent motion. The number of motion layers is estimated by non-parameric clustering in the motion parameter space. The shape of each motion layer is implicitly embedded in a higher dimensional space of distance transforms, which is subject to the smoothness constraints, motion information, and visual grouping modules. This representation supports arbitrary topology of individual motion layers, as well as consistency with the geometry of the scene.
Bicontinuous cubic phase with the<i>Pn3m</i>space group formed by<i>N,N,N</i>-tris(5-alkoxytroponyl)-1,5,9-triazacyclododecanes (2010)

N,N,N-tris(5-alkoxytroponyl)-1,5,9-triazacyclododecanes and their corresponding benzenoids were synthesised to investigate their mesomorphic properties. The troponoids have a bicontinuous cubic phase with a Pn3m space group whereas the benzenoids form a smectic A phase. The thermal stability of the cubic phase of the troponoids is decreased when the length of the alkyl group is increased whereas that of the smectic A phase of the benzenoids behaves reversely. The cubic phase of the troponoid should represent an organisation of the fluid alkyl chains within the interwoven networks whereas the polar azacrown and tropolone units should form the continuum.
Retinoic acid receptor‐alpha as a prognostic indicator in oral squamous cell carcinoma (2002)

Retinoids reverse potentially malignant lesions and inhibit the development of second primary tumors in oral cancer patients by binding to nuclear retinoid receptors. Alterations in the expression of retinoid receptor-alpha are implicated in tumor progression. Herein, we hypothesized that increased expression of RARalpha protein in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is associated with a poor clinical outcome and thus may serve as a prognostic factor. Retrospective immunohistochemical analysis of RARalpha protein expression was carried out in paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 115 patients with completely resected oral SCCs for whom clinical follow-up data were available. Increased expression of RARalpha protein was observed in 67/115 (58%) oral SCCs (weakly positive in 38 patients and strongly positive in 29 patients). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with RARalpha positivity had significantly shorter disease-free survival time (median time 40 months vs. 86 months, p = 0.0229). Furthermore, disease-free survival time of the 29 patients with strongly positive RARalpha was significantly worse than for the 86 patients with weak or undetectable levels of RARalpha (p = 0.0328). Strong RARalpha expression in oral SCCs was associated with a significantly worse disease-free survival, suggesting that RARalpha may serve as a prognostic indicator of poor clinical outcome. Further studies are warranted to determine its utility in identifying the subset of patients who would benefit from use of retinoids as adjuvant in chemotherapy or chemopreventive approaches.
HEAT TRANSFER IN A THIN LIQUID FILM IN THE PRESENCE OF AN ELECTRIC FIELD (2004)

Heat transfer enhancement in an evaporating thin liquid film utilizing a electric field under isothermal interfacial condition is presented. A new mathematical model subjected to van der Waals attractive forces, capillary pressure, and an electric field is developed to describe the heat transfer enhancement in the evaporating thin liquid film. The effect of the electrostatic field on the curvature of the thin film, evaporative flux, pressure gradient distribution, heat flux, and heat transfer coefficient in the thin film is presented. The results show that applying an electric field can enhance heat transfer in a thin liquid film significantly. In addition, utilizing electric fields on the evaporating film will be a way to expand the extended meniscus region to attain high heat transfer coefficients and high rates of heat flux.
Active size controlled on-chip droplet dispensing by magnetically driven microtool (2009)

We have investigated an active size controlled droplet generation system by using magnetically driven microtool (MMT). With a lateral motion of the MMT in microchannels, the continuous phase can be pinched off by the movement of MMT to obtain size-controlled droplets actively. With this method, particle-enclosed droplet can be produced on demand to fit the size of each enclosed particle, and which is difficult to carry out only by the fluid dynamic force. For the current study, the system has been evaluated in terms of the frequency of the actuation of MMT and the size of the produced droplets, and found out the response time to change the droplet size by MMT actuation is one third of that only by the fluid dynamic force. This system contributes to the effective transportation of cells in microchannel.
Effect of Estradiol and Progesterone on the LH Release Induced by LH-Releasing Hormone (LH-RH) in Intact Diestrous Rats and Anestrous Ewes (1972)

The effect of pretreatment with estradiol, progesterone, or a combination of both steroids on the response of serum LH levels to a large dose of LH-RH was investigated. In groups of intact diestrous rats, it was demonstrated that estradiol augmented LH release induced by LH-RH. Progesterone did not block the LH release induced by 1 μg of LH-RH, but suppressed that induced by 0.05 μg LH-RH. In these rats, as well as in intact anestrous ewes, the combination of estradiol and progesterone clearly suppressed the pituitary LH response to LH-RH.
Effect of the Grain Alignment of Nd-Fe-B Sintered Magnets on the Coercive Force (2006)

Grain alignment is one of a factor affecting coercive force in Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets. Relation between degree of alignment and coercive force was evaluated using Br/Js as the degree of grain alignment. It was found that the coercive force decreases with alignment increase in highly aligned region. The decrease ratios of coercive force with various alignments to the isotropic magnet's coercive forces are on the same line even though they have different coercive force due to different composition in isotropic aligned state. Extrapolating this line to perfectly aligned magnet, coercive force of perfectly aligned magnet reaches to −30% of coercive force of the isotropic oriented magnets.It is found that this coercive decrease ratio behavior is similar even in ferrite magnets. We estimate coercive force of perfectly aligned magnets from isotropic magnet and obtained 1/√2 (0.70) of isotropic magnet's coercive force which is agrees well to our experimental result.
Studies in electrolytic polarisation. Part V.—Hydrogen overpotential in methanolic solution (1948)

J. O'M. Bockris and R. Parsons, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1948, 44, 860 DOI: 10.1039/TF9484400860
Cyclopropyl and Isopropyl Derivatives of 11-<i>cis</i> and 9-<i>cis</i> Retinals at C-9 and C-13: Subtle Steric Differences with Major Effects on Ligand Efficacy in Rhodopsin (2011)

Retinal is the natural ligand (chromophore) of the vertebrate rod visual pigment. It occurs in either the 11-cis (rhodopsin) or the 9-cis (isorhodopsin) configuration. In its evolution to a G protein coupled photoreceptor, rhodopsin has acquired exceptional photochemical properties. Illumination isomerizes the chromophore to the all-trans isomer, which acts as a full agonist. This process is extremely efficient, and there is abundant evidence that the C-9 and C-13 methyl groups of retinal play a pivotal role in this process. To examine the steric limits of the C-9 and C-13 methyl binding pocket of the binding site, we have prepared C-9 and C-13 cyclopropyl and isopropyl derivatives of its native ligands and of α-retinal at C-9. Most isopropyl analogues show very poor binding, except for 9-cis-13-isopropylretinal. Most cyclopropyl derivatives exhibit intermediate binding activity, except for 9-cis-13-cyclopropylretinal, which presents good binding activity. In general, the binding site shows preference for the 9-cis analogues over the 11-cis analogues. In fact, 13-isopropyl-9-cis-retinal acts as a superagonist after illumination. Another surprising finding was that 9-cyclopropylisorhodopsin is more like native rhodopsin with respect to spectral and photochemical properties, whereas 9-cyclopropylrhodopsin behaves more like native isorhodopsin in these aspects.
Efficient Synthesis of Bromocyclopenta[b]indoles via a Bromination—Reduction Sequence. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Improving the throughput of point-to-multipoint ARQ protocols through destination set splitting (1992)

An approach to improving the performance of point-to-multipoint automatic repeat request (ARQ) protocols is considered. The approach involves splitting the destination set into disjoint groups and having the source carry out independent time multiplexed conversations with each group. The performance of memoryless and limited-memory versions of stop-and-wait and go-back-N protocols was investigated and the question of how to pick an optimal grouping of nodes was addressed. The results indicate that destination set splitting can improve the throughput of point-to-multipoint ARQ protocols, particularly if the receivers' capabilities are not identical.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Solution of Travelling Salesman Problems Based on Industrial Data (1995)

This paper partially replicates a comparison of travelling salesman heuristics carried out by Golden et al. more than a decade ago. It differs in two important ways, however. (1) We consider two heuristics—k-OPT and the space filling curve technique—which were developed after the original comparison. These new techniques appear to add little to the quality of solutions to the test problems utilized here. (2) Instead of test problems using geographical data, ours are based on programs for parts produced by a numerically controlled machine. Because of the different characteristics of these test problems we reach somewhat different conclusions concerning the efficacy of the different procedures.
Triggering the Generation of an Iron(IV)-Oxo Compound and Its Reactivity toward Sulfides by Ru<sup>II</sup> Photocatalysis (2014)

The preparation of [Fe(IV)(O)(MePy2tacn)](2+) (2, MePy2tacn = N-methyl-N,N-bis(2-picolyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane) by reaction of [Fe(II)(MePy2tacn)(solvent)](2+) (1) and PhIO in CH3CN and its full characterization are described. This compound can also be prepared photochemically from its iron(II) precursor by irradiation at 447 nm in the presence of catalytic amounts of [Ru(II)(bpy)3](2+) as photosensitizer and a sacrificial electron acceptor (Na2S2O8). Remarkably, the rate of the reaction of the photochemically prepared compound 2 toward sulfides increases 150-fold under irradiation, and 2 is partially regenerated after the sulfide has been consumed; hence, the process can be repeated several times. The origin of this rate enhancement has been established by studying the reaction of chemically generated compound 2 with sulfides under different conditions, which demonstrated that both light and [Ru(II)(bpy)3](2+) are necessary for the observed increase in the reaction rate. A combination of nanosecond time-resolved absorption spectroscopy with laser pulse excitation and other mechanistic studies has led to the conclusion that an electron transfer mechanism is the most plausible explanation for the observed rate enhancement. According to this mechanism, the in-situ-generated [Ru(III)(bpy)3](3+) oxidizes the sulfide to form the corresponding radical cation, which is eventually oxidized by 2 to the corresponding sulfoxide.
Molecule‐Induced Homolysis of N‐Hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) by Peracids and Dioxirane. A New, Simple, Selective Aerobic Radical Epoxidation of Alkenes. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
METHIONINE BIOSYNTHESIS IN PLANTS: BIOCHEMICAL AND REGULATORY ASPECTS (2000)

International audience
Demand management by electronic gatekeeping of test requests does not influence requesting behaviour or save costs dramatically (2017)

Background Healthcare budgets face constraints, and laboratories have developed strategies to adapt to the concomitant increase in workload. Some of the tests (7.4%) may be attributed to unnecessary repeat testing. Electronic gatekeeping has been implemented at selected laboratories in South Africa to limit unnecessary repeat testing. We performed a study of chemistry tests subjected to electronic gatekeeping to determine its effectiveness as a sustainable demand management tool. Methods A 22-month retrospective study of chemistry test requests at a Pretoria hospital was performed. Tests violating electronic gatekeeping rules were rejected upon registration before analysis, and cost-savings were estimated from electronic gatekeeping-held tests. The impact of electronic gatekeeping on the test requesting pattern of clinicians was derived from the percentage cost of electronic gatekeeping-held tests. Results The total savings generated from electronic gatekeeping test rejections amounted to $84,380. Greatest savings were generated from high-cost tests: glycated haemoglobin ($14,139), urea ($8661) and thyroid-stimulating hormone ($7514). The average number of electronic gatekeeping-held tests as a percentage of their total requested number over 22 months was 3.18%. Discussion The savings from electronic gatekeeping-held tests were not as dramatic as anticipated, but were modest and may have some impact in a cost-constrained setting. Electronic gatekeeping was concluded not to have a substantial effect on the clinician test requesting pattern, demonstrated by the largely unchanged monthly percentage of electronic gatekeeping-held tests. As a solitary demand management strategy, electronic gatekeeping does not appear to be as effective as anticipated or as demonstrated in other studies.
Production potential of forage maize (Zea mays) with legumes under intercropping system (2001)

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season (kharif) of 1998 and 1999 to evaluate the production potential and economic feasibility of maize (Zea mays L.) legumes intercropping systems. The highest green forage and dry matter yields as well as net returns were obtained when maize cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] was sown in planting pattern of 5:2 and this planting pattern was statistically at par with 4:2 raw ratio during both the years. However, maize clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.)Taub.] in 3:3 row proportion recorded the maximum land equivalent ratio over all other treatments. Key words: Forage, Maize, Legume, Intercropping, Return, Land equivalent ratio
Effect of dc polarization on the CM and the apparent changing resistance in the guinea pig (1977)

The cochlear microphonic (CM) and the apparent changing resistance (CR) were measured in scala media of the guinea pig during dc polarization. In the majority of the animals the polarization effect on the cm fundamental was greater at high SPL than at low SPL. Polarization current levels which produced large changes in endolymphatic potential (EP) caused relatively small changes in CM. In anoxic animals, however, similar changes in EP result in much larger changes in CM. The phase of the CM is insensitive to EP under both conditions. The CR is also sensitive to dc polarization. At lower SPL's a polarizing current which increases the CM will decrease the CR and a current of opposite polarity will decrease the CM but increase the CR. At higher SPL the effect on the CR is much smaller and may even reverse direction slightly. We conclude that transduction theories involving only linear time-varying elements can not model the data. [This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health.]