gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Bi-CGSTAB (l) for Fast and Efficient Analysis of Electromagnetic Problems (2004)

The Bi-CGSTAB (l) method is implemented for the solution of electromagnet ic scattering and electromagnetic diffusion problems. The solution domain is discretized using the edge-based finite element method (FEM) and finite difference (FD) approximation. Analysis of scattering problems using the wavelet-transformed method of moments (MoM) is also presented. I. Introduction Numerical analysis of large-scale electromagnetic problems generally results in a sparse system when a finite technique or a wavelet-MoM method is used to discretize the solution region. Among known iterative sparse solvers, Conjugate Gradient (CG) method and its variant algorithms are the best-known iterative techniques. One of the CG-variant methods that works quite well in many cases is the Biconjugate Gradient Stabilized (Bi-CGSTAB) algorithm, which was developed to remedy the problem of substantial build-up of rounding errors or possibly even overflow associated with the Conjugate Gradient Squared method [1]. It is, however, known that for a large class of equations including systems obtained by discretizing advection dominated PDE’s, Bi-CGSTAB stagnates and fails to generate an accurate solution. This is related to the choice of the polynomials qk in constructing the shadow residual vector k k k r A
Der Isotopieeffekt bei der elektrolytischen Wanderung der Kalium-Ionen in geschmolzenem Kaliumnitrat (1955)

Durch Elektrolyse von geschmolzenem Kaliumnitrat wurde an der Anode 41 K im Verhältnis zu 39 K angereichert. Die relative Differenz der elektrolytischen Wanderungsgeschwindigkeiten dieser beiden Isotope wurde zu 0,0018 bestimmt. Der Masseneffekt ist μ = —0,036.
Local Adenovirus-Mediated Delivery of Hirudin in a Rabbit Arterial Injury Model (1999)

Following BA in cholesterol-fed rabbits, local transduction with A-Hir produced a marked reduction in vessel wall-associated thrombin activity. However, this strategy increased rather than decreased the arterial response to BA injury. Our results suggest that the lack of therapeutic effect resulted from adenovirus-stimulated plaque formation, possibly resulting from a T cell-mediated inflammatory response.
Extended Kalman filtering for MR-thermometry guided high intensity focused ultrasound using the bio heat transfer equation (2011)

Real time magnetic resonance (MR) thermometry is gaining clinical importance for monitoring and guiding high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablations of tumorous tissue. The temperature information can be employed to adjust the position and the power of the HIFU system in real time and to determine the therapy end-point. However, the precision of real time MR-thermometry is generally limited by the available signal to noise ratio (SNR). In order to improve the efficiency of applications, which are based on online temperature measurements, temporal filtering can be employed. Here, we propose a novel digital filter combining extended Kalman filtering with a temperature predictive model based on the bio heat transfer equation. The proposed approach is evaluated on simulated datasets and on MR-guided HIFU ablation experiments on ex-vivo porcine muscle. The proposed filter showed a significantly improved precision and accuracy in comparison to an optimized FIR filter.
Stability of a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate in a one-dimensional lattice (2011)

We show that in contrast with contact interacting gases, an optical lattice changes drastically the stability properties of a dipolar condensate, inducing a crossover from dipolar destabilization to dipolar stabilization for increasing lattice depths. Performing stability measurements on a ${}^{52}$Cr Bose-Einstein condensate in an interaction-dominated regime, repulsive dipolar interaction balances negative scattering lengths down to $\ensuremath{-}17$ Bohr radii. Our findings are in excellent agreement with mean-field calculations, revealing the important destabilizing role played by intersite dipolar interactions in deep lattices.
<title>Submicron Grating Fabrication On GaAs</title> (1981)

The laboratory techniques used for the fabrication of submicron gratings in GaAs are presented. A thin (≈1250 Å) film of Shipley AZ1450B photoresist on GaAs is exposed holographically with the use of the 4579 A line of an argon ion laser to produce gratings with a period of approximately 0.35 μm. Data are presented that demonstrate the effects of variation of the following parameters: developer type, developer time, laser intensity, exposure time, photoresist thickness, and ion beam etching parameters. Relative grating efficiency measurements as a function of parameter variations indicate an optimum set of parameters for grating fabrication.
Calculating 3-D Crack-Opening Behavior Of A Fatigue Crack (1995)

Method for calculating through-the-thickness, three-dimensional (3-D) crack-opening behavior in standard fatigue-crack-growth test specimens devised. Involves determination of crack-opening loads from crack-propagation data and finite-element analyses. In method, one considers variation in rate of crack growth along crack front, relationship between rate of crack growth and effective stress intensity factor, and variation in three-dimensional stress-intensity factor along crack front. Developed to provide simpler means for obtaining fatigue-crack-opening behavior loads.
Frequent microsatellite instability in post hepatitis B viral cirrhosis. (1996)

The molecular basis of cirrhosis, the most frequent underlying liver disease in hepatocellular carcinoma, remains unclear. We investigated microsatellite instability at six different loci on chromosomes 2p, 3p, 5q, 9p, 13q and 17p, in DNA from 38 cirrhotic livers of viral (n=28) and nonviral (n=10) origin. Sixty percent of the patients exhibited microsatellite alterations in at least one chromosome locus. A striking feature was the close association between genomic instability and cirrhosis linked to hepatitis B viral infection (P<0.01). This high instability may be a clue to the etiology of cancer induced by the hepatitis B virus.
A Time-Area-Power Efficient Multiplier and Square Architecture Based on Ancient Indian Vedic Mathematics. (2004)

In this paper new multiplier and square architecture is proposed based on algorithm of ancient Indian Vedic Mathematics, for low power and high speed applications. It is based on generating all partial products and their sums in one step. The design implementation is described in both at gate level and high level RTL code (behavioural level) using Verilog Hardware Description Language. The design code is tested using Veriwell Simulator. The code is synthesized in Synopys FPGA Express using: Xilinx, Family: Spartan Svq300, Speed Grade: -6. The present paper relates to the field of math coprocessors in computers and more specifically to improvement in speed and power over multiplication and square algorithm implemented in coprocessors. In FPGA implementation it has been found that the proposed Vedic multiplier and square are faster than array multiplier and Booth multiplier.
Low Affinity Interaction with CLL B-Cell Receptors Induces Apoptosis by Down-Regulating Mcl-1 and Up-Regulating BimEL. (2007)

Abstract The B-cell receptor (BCR) engages antigens and triggers divergent signaling pathways, inducing survival, proliferation, and differentiation or anergy and apoptosis. The decision as to which pathway is activated and which functional outcome ensues is regulated by a series of receptor and cellular interactions. In particular, signal transduction via the BCR is influenced by the affinity of receptor-ligand binding and by the number of antigen-binding sites engaged. To address the role of BCR-antigen-binding affinity and valency in CLL, we used a series of anti-μ chain mAbs that differ in their affinities for the ligand as surrogates of antigen binding to the BCR (HB57: Ka = 5x108, “high”; Mu53: Ka = 2x107, “intermediate”‘ and P24: Ka = ∼2x106 M−1, “low”). We also mimicked the valency of the surrogate antigens (and hence the number of binding sites occupied) by preparing these mAbs in either their native dimeric state or in multimeric forms by conjugating them to dextran and to DYNA beads M-450. The native mAbs and the mAbs bound to dextran are soluble; the mAbs bound to beads are insoluble. The functional effects on CLL B cells of each mAb, in all three forms (i.e., soluble dimeric, soluble multimeric on dextran, and insoluble multimeric on beads), were then assessed in vitro. We noted striking and consistent differences in CLL cell responses when the mAb of different affinities for the BCR were used in the soluble, native dimeric state. Whereas the higher affinity anti-μ mAbs (HB57 and Mu53) induced minimal to modest proliferation, the low affinity mAb P24 drastically reduced proliferation. Similarly the soluble, dimeric forms of the same three mAbs had striking and consistently different effects on CLL cell survival. In particular, the low affinity mAb induced significant apoptosis as measured by Annexin V/propidium iodide immunofluorescent analyses (mean 61.2%; range 32–99.2%) as well as by PARP cleavage. Western blotting studies of cell lysates from CLL cells stimulated with the low affinity mAb vs. the higher affinity mAbs or isotype matched control mAbs revealed downregulation of the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1 and upregulation of the pro-apoptotic protein BimEL. The multimeric forms of the three anti-μ mAbs, both soluble and insoluble, increased CLL cell survival and proliferation, irrespective of affinities, by maintaining Mcl-1 levels and failing to upregulate Bim. This study illustrates the importance of the “quality” of BCR-antigen interaction for CLL cell survival and growth. Soluble low affinity interactions with antigens of reduced valency lead to CLL cell death, whereas soluble low affinity interactions with multivalent antigens lead to cell survival and growth. The use of soluble, monomeric, low affinity ligands reactive with shared stereotypic BCRs, therefore, should be considered as an immunotherapeutic approach in CLL.
Guest Editorial: Special Section on Advances in Recognition Techniques, Part 1 (1998)

The breadth and depth of the advances in recognition techniques are rather broad. The active investigators thus come not only from the optics community but from many other disciplines. They work not only on the process segment, but also on the systems and devices that may make many of these processes meaningful. The response to this special section has been overwhelming. The fifty-two papers that were finally accepted had to be split into two different issues in January 1998 and March 1998. These papers summarize the works of 135 different researchers from Algeria, Australia, Canada, China, Finland, France,
The Influence of Acetylenic and Sulphur—Containing Organic Compounds on the Electrodeposition of Nickel (1964)

SummaryThe influence of acetylene compounds and of sulphur compounds on the electrochemical behaviour of the cathode (double—layer capacitance, resistance, cathodic potential) and on the properties of electrodeposited nickel (hardness, internal stress and texture) have been investigated. Brightness and internal stress are very complex properties, which are influenced by numerous factors, but certain factors may be so strong that they suppress the others. Between addition agents which cause bright deposits and those which have levelling effects, certain relations exist. The main difference is based on the fact that levelling is controlled by diffusion but not the brightness of the deposits. Stress reducers may give bright deposits too. but they never have a pronounced levelling effect.
Regularized adaptive high-resolution image reconstruction considering inaccurate subpixel registration (2003)

In this paper, we propose a high-resolution image reconstruction algorithm considering inaccurate subpixel registration. A regularized iterative reconstruction algorithm is adopted to overcome the ill-posedness problem resulting from inaccurate subpixel registration. In particular, we use multichannel image reconstruction algorithms suitable for applications with multiframe environments. Since the registration error in each low-resolution image has a different pattern, the regularization parameters are determined adaptively for each channel. We propose two methods for estimating the regularization parameter automatically. The proposed algorithms are robust against registration error noise, and they do not require any prior information about the original image or the registration error process. Information needed to determine the regularization parameter and to reconstruct the image is updated at each iteration step based on the available partially reconstructed image. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithms outperform conventional approaches in terms of both objective measurements and visual evaluation.
Techniques to Measure Magnetic Domain Structures (2012)

Abstract Critical to understanding the magnetic properties and the technological application of magnetic materials is the ability to observe and measure magnetic domain structure. The measurement challenge is quite varied. Magnetic fluids can be used to decorate and make simple domain structures visible while highly sophisticated electron microscopy‐based methods may be needed to explore and image nanometer‐scale magnetic phenomena. No one method will solve all of the domain imaging problems. For that reason, the bases of the important methods and the practical implications of each are discussed. For purposes of comparison, several important characteristics of each domain imaging technique are briefly summarized. There are several general comments that apply to every domain imaging method discussed in this article. First, each method is related either to a sample's magnetization or to the magnetic field generated by that magnetization. The former observation is of great usefulness in understanding or developing new materials, and the latter is of practical importance in devices. Second, all of the methods are limited to the topmost few micrometers of the sample, and are therefore dominated by magnetic structure related to the surface. None provide the domain structure of the interior of a thick sample where bulk magnetic microstructure is fully developed. Third, all of the methods require smooth, clean, damage‐free surfaces. In general, the surfaces need to have at least the equivalent of a mirror polish, otherwise, topography and surface stress will affect the measurement to varying degrees. Fourth, correlations exist between several of the parameters in each technique we describe. For example, it may not be possible to achieve the ultimate sensitivity specified at the highest resolution possible. Finally, almost all of the techniques use digital signal acquisition and can benefit from the use of modern image processing tools. Expanded discussions of the basis of each technique, its practical aspects, sample preparation required, possible sample modifications, and problems that are specific to the technique described are given. Each section contains references to more complete treatments of the technique and recent examples of its use.
Studies on Digitalis (1961)

The effects of triiodothyronine (T 3 ) administration on digitalis requirements was studied in a group of patients with atrial fibrillation. The ventricular rate was utilized to provide a quantitative expression of digitalis effect. In one patient the amount of acetylstrophanthidin, administered as a constant infusion, required to slow the ventricular rate to 70 beats per minute rose from an average of 0.58 mg. while he was myxedematous, to 1.50 mg. when he was euthyroid. When mild thyrotoxicosis was induced in three euthyroid patients the daily dose of digoxin had to be increased approximately four-fold in order to maintain the ventricular rate at a control level. In three patients it was observed that reserpine or syrosingopine administered intramuscularly abolished the increased requirements for digoxin induced by T 3 . In two patients syrosingopine was found to prevent partially the tachycardia resulting from large doses of intravenous T 3 . The possible mechanisms responsible for these effects and their therapeutic implications are discussed.
Fabrication and characterization of dielectric strontium titanium oxynitride single crystal (2015)

In this paper, we show a fabrication method and the dielectric properties of strontium titanium oxynitride (SrTiO3:N) single crystals. Oxynitride single crystals were prepared by annealing SrTiO3 single crystals in gaseous ammonia. SrTiO3:N was assumed to have the chemical composition SrTiO3−3xN2x, which contained oxygen vacancies. To reduce the number of oxygen vacancies, SrTiO3 crystals co-doped with nitrogen and niobium (SrTiO3:N,Nb) were fabricated. The semiconducting Nb-doped SrTiO3 crystals changed to dielectric N,Nb-codoped SrTiO3 crystals with a resistivity of 6 × 1012 Ω·cm with annealing in gaseous ammonia. XPS measurement indicated that niobium doping was effective for increasing the amount of dopant nitrogen. The dielectric permittivity increased with the amount of dopant nitrogen, indicating the effectivity of nitrogen doping for increasing the dielectric permittivity of perovskite oxides.
Excitation and interrogation of whispering-gallery modes in optical microresonators using a single fused-tapered fiber tip (2011)

We show that whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) in optical microresonators can be excited and detected using a fused-tapered fiber tip (FTFT). The fabrication of FTFTs is simple and inexpensive; they are robust and allow the excitation and interrogation of the resonances with a single fiber. Excitation of high-Q WGMs in silica microcylinders and microspheres is demonstrated.
Spontaneous tension pneumopericardium (2004)

A 29-year-old man presented to the accident and emergency department complaining of a sudden onset of chest and upper abdominal pain. He had a past history of intravenous drug abuse and a previous stab wound to the left hypochondrium that had required laparotomy. On arrival he was distressed with grunting respiration. Initial chest X-ray showed a pneumopericardium. Despite titrated doses of opiate analgesia he became increasingly distressed, agitated and dyspnoeic. Repeat chest X-ray demonstrated an increase in the volume of air present within the pericardial sac. His clinical condition improved rapidly after needle pericardiocentesis decompression. A water-soluble contrast swallow revealed a diaphragmatic hernia with a filling defect in the greater curve of the stomach and contrast medium entering the pericardial sac. A thoraco-abdominal laparotomy confirmed a pre-existing diaphragmatic defect from the previous stab wound, with surrounding adhesions. A small portion of the stomach had herniated through this defect with a perforated gastric ulcer communicating directly into the pericardial sac.
Stimulated mechanical responses of liquid crystal networks with a splayed molecular organization (Invited Paper) (2005)

Liquid crystal networks change their dimensions when the degree of order is altered. Upon decreasing order, e.g. as a result of temperature increase, the linear dimension decreases in the direction along the director and increases orthogonal to that. When the director changes as a function of position, the local dimensional changes cause stresses that effect in deformation of the sample. In the case of thin films with a twisted molecular orientation over their cross-section a change in the order parameter results in a double, saddle-like, bending of the film as the linear expansion is different for both in-plane axes. For geometric reasons this bending is uncontrolled and irregular. When the linear expansion is chosen to be different along one in-plane axis, but is kept the same for the other axis, the deformation becomes orderly and controlled. Therefore, films of liquid crystal networks with a splayed molecular alignment over their cross-section provide a well-controlled bending deformation as a function of a changing order parameter. In a liquid crystal network the order parameter can be modulated by temperature. The direction- and order parameter dependent linear expansion than comes on top of the volume expansion as caused by induced thermal molecular motions and decreased secondary molecular forces. Besides by temperature the order parameter can also be modulated by light in the presence of photo-sensitive moieties in the liquid crystal network. The deformation behavior is anticipated to be of relevance for polymer based MEMS technology.
RpmA Is Required for Nonopsonic Phagocytosis of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2000)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes severe respiratory tract infections in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). We have been examining nonopsonic phagocytosis of P. aeruginosa by macrophages. To study the P. aeruginosa-macrophage interaction at the molecular level, we have constructed a transposon Tn5G bank in a clinical isolate of P. aeruginosa (strain 4020) and identified mutants resistant to nonopsonic phagocytosis. Phagocytosis-resistant mutants were enriched by passaging the transposon bank over 18 macrophage monolayers. Of 900 individual mutants isolated from this enriched pool in a nonopsonic phagocytosis assay, we identified 85 putative mutants that were resistant to phagocytosis. In this study, we have characterized one of these transposon mutants, P. aeruginosa 4020 H27A, which was poorly ingested. H27A possessed a Tn5G insertion in a gene encoding a protein with homology to the MotA proteins of several species of bacteria. We have called this gene rpmA for required for phagocytosis by macrophages. RpmA is one of two MotA paralogs in P. aeruginosa. This rpmA::Tn5G mutant was motile both on agar plates and in visual examination of wet mounts. The phagocytosis defect was partially complemented by providing the rpmA gene in trans and fully complemented when both rpmA and rpmB were provided. A rpmA null mutant was ingested by macrophages similar to the H27A transposon mutant. These data suggest that the rpmA and rpmB gene products are required for the efficient ingestion of P. aeruginosa by macrophages.
LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS OF THE ATLAS (2005)

Tanaka, Nobuhiro MD; Fujimoto, Yoshinori MD; Okuda, Teruaki MD; Nakanishi, Kazuyoshi MD; Sumida, Tadayoshi MD; Manabe, Hideki MD; Ochi, Mitsuo MD Author Information
ABSTRACTS (1964)

The blood volume was measured before and during treatment with guanethidine in 12 pa- tients with severe hypertensive disease.In all instances, the blood volume increased from 80 to 750 ml. in a 7 to 21 day period.In eight of the 12 patients there was a simultaneous in- crease in weight.The increase in weight and blood volume is attributed to the retention of sodium and water incident to guanethidine ther- apy.As a rule, the fluid retention could be satisfactorily controlled by simultaneous treat- ment with diuretics.RAKITA
Simultaneous FT-Raman Differential Scanning Calorimetry Measurements Using a Low-Cost Fiber-Optic Probe (1997)

A low-cost fiber-optic probe was constructed and used to couple an FT-Raman spectrometer to a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The utility of this system is demonstrated by the investigation of the different phases of ammonium nitrate.