gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predicting and Exploiting Transient Values for Reducing Register File Pressure and Energy Consumption (2008)

High-performance microprocessors use large, heavily ported physical register files (RFs) to increase the instruction throughput. The high complexity and power dissipation of such RFs mainly stem from the need to maintain each and every result for a large number of cycles after the result generation. We observed that a significant fraction (about 45 percent) of the result values are never read from the register file and are not required to reconstruct the precise state following branch mispredictions. In this paper, we propose Speculative Avoidance of Register allocations to Transient values (SPARTAN) - a set of microarchitectural extensions that predicts such transient values and, in many cases, completely avoids physical register allocations to them. We show that the transient values can be predicted as such with more than 97 percent accuracy, on average, across simulated SPEC 2000 benchmarks. We evaluate the performance of SPARTAN on a variety of configurations and show that significant improvements in performance and energy efficiency can be realized. Furthermore, we directly compare SPARTAN against a number of previously proposed schemes for register optimizations and show that our technique significantly outperforms all those schemes.
On the convergence of the Volterra series response of quadratically nonlinear systems using a frequency domain analysis (2010)

The Volterra series is associated with so-called weakly nonlinear systems, which can be well described by the first few kernels with the higher order kernels falling off rapidly. This paper is concerned with the convergence analysis of the Volterra series model of a quadratically nonlinear system driven by harmonic inputs and a simple criterion is proposed to provide an estimation of the upper limit of the magnitude of the harmonic inputs to ensure convergence.
Topical and Systemic Anti-Inflammatory Effects of <i>Echinodorus macrophyllus</i> (Kunth) Micheli (Alismataceae) (2010)

Echinodorus macrophyllus leaf has been used in Brazilian folk medicine to treat inflammatory conditions and kidney dysfunctions. The present study evaluated the effects of leaf ethanolic extract from E. macrophyllus (EEEm) in acute and subchronic models of inflammation. The EEEm was found to cause significant and potent inhibition of carrageenan- and dextran-induced paw edema in rats and marked decreases in the exudate volume and leukocyte migration in rats with carrageenan-induced pleurisy, the vascular permeability increase induced by intraperitoneal acetic acid, and the croton oil-induced topical ear edema in mice. On the other hand, the EEEm was not active in the test model of cotton pellet-induced granuloma in rats. Phytochemical analysis with E. macrophyllus leaves revealed the presence of triterpenoids, steroids, flavones, flavonols, and xanthones. Two flavonoids were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction and identified as isovitexin and vitexin. Our results support the traditional use of E. macrophyllus leaves in the treatment of acute inflammatory conditions.
Dynamic NMR as a Nondestructive Method for the Determination of Rates of Dissociation. VIII. Proton Affinities of Anions Derived from Strong Acids in Chloroform (1984)

Abstract Dynamic NMR study of topomerization by dissociation of N,N-dibenzylanilinium salt was applied to the determination of proton affinities of anions derived from strong acids in chloroform-d. The total line shape analysis of the benzylic proton signals gave the following order of proton affinity: Cl−&gt;p-CH3C6H4SO3−&gt;CH3SO3−&gt;Br−.
Measurement of Relative Depth dose of Therapeutic Photon Beam Using One-Dimensional Fiber-Optic Phantom Dosimeter (2011)

In this study, we fabricated a fiber-optic phantom dosimeter by arraying square type of plastic optical fibers in a PMMA phantom for measuring relative depth doses of therapeutic photon beams. To minimize the cross-talk between fiber-optic dosimeters, we selected appropriate septum by measuring leaked scintillating lights according to the various kinds of septa. In addition, we measured percentage depth doses of 6, 15 MV photon beams using a fiber-optic phantom dosimeter.
RESOLUTION: Reconfigurable Systems for Mobile Local Communication and Positioning (2007)

RESOLUTION aims at developing a wireless three-dimensional (3-D) local positioning system with measurement accuracy in the centimetre regime and real-time ability. A novel frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar principle with pulsed active reflector is employed. This High-Precision-Localisation-System (HPLS) will be implemented together with common WLAN systems that are used for data communication purposes. Due to its high data rate capabilities and large potential bandwidth, the 802.11a/n standard allocated bandwidth around 5.5 GHz is applied. Special emphasis is given to the system's reconfigurability by efficiently using inherent synergies between the WLAN system and the HPLS approach. To allow multifunctional tasks, highly integrated system on chip (SoC) frontends will be designed on advanced CMOS or BiCMOS technology. Smart power and adaptive performance control will be applied to minimise the power consumption according to application needs. In order to enhance performance and coverage range, the transceiver features adaptive antenna combining (AAC) in the radio frequency (RF) receiver. AAC significantly decreases the power consumption, size and costs, since the number of multiple components is reduced to a minimum. Because of the high 3-D resolution and real-time ability, which can be achieved in indoor environments with strong multipath effects and fading, novel local positioning applications, e.g. for smart factories, robotics, interactive guiding, object tracking and augmented reality are presumably leading to a large economic potential.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroarylation, Amidoarylation, and Heck‐type Reaction: Three Distinct Pathways Determined by an Amide Directing Group (2013)

The amide decides: Three different rhodium(III)-catalyzed reaction pathways of a wide variety of tethered alkenes can be accessed through changing the amide directing group. This provides an efficient route to a myriad of complex polycyclic products, many containing newly formed all-carbon quaternary centers. Amidoarylations can diastereoselectively deliver products with up to three contiguous stereocenters. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Grid voltage sags effects on frequency converter drivers and controlled rectifier drivers (2005)

The aim of this article is to increase the under¬standing of the problems arising when using ASD in relation to its environment. To accomplish this, a description of the ASD hardware and the electrical environment will be made, analysing the most sensitive elements. After critical points have been identified, mitigation equipment to increase the system immunity will be discussed.
High Helicobacter pylori numbers are associated with low eradication rate after triple therapy. (1995)

This study tested the influence of pretreatment bacterial density on the eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori with triple therapy. One hundred and thirty two patients with endoscopically confirmed H pylori positive, duodenal ulcer or antral gastritis were treated with triple therapy (colloidal bismuth/metronidazole/amoxicillin) for two weeks. Pretreatment urease activity was assessed by the 14C-urea breath test (UBT) in all patients. The mean (SD) pretreatment UBT concentration was similar in patients with duodenal ulcers (318.4 (175.0)) and patients with antral gastritis (288.9 (165.5)). Overall eradication of H pylori was achieved in 85 of 132 patients (64.4%), but was significantly different between patients with high, intermediate, or low pretreatment urease activity (37.5%, 69.5%, and 87.8% respectively). The mean post-treatment UBT value of patients in whom eradication failed was in direct correlation with the pretreatment UBT values. In conclusion, bacterial density, as assessed by urease activity, is an important factor in predicting H pylori eradication. It is suggested that the pretreatment UBT has the potential to identify patients who require modification of the standard therapeutic regimen.
Management of an 8-month-old infant with opioid tolerance after 3 weeks in the PICU (2006)

An 8-month-old (6 kg) male infant with pulmonary stenosis is POD#8 s/p right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit. Preoperatively, the patient was mechanically ventilated for 2 weeks, receiving continuous infusions of fentanyl and midazolam. Intraoperatively, it was noted that the patient “required” over 100 g/kg of fentanyl without significant hemodynamic impact in addition to 7% desflurane. Postoperatively, the patient remained on mechanical ventilation for 1 week and fentanyl and midazolam were continued. At the time of consultation for opioid detoxification, the patient was on nasal continuous positive airway pressure receiving lorazepam 0.9 mg and methadone 0.32 mg/kg every 6h and fentanyl 5 g/kg/h. Attempts to wean opioids and benzodiazepine resulted in severe agitation and choreoathetoid movements. A neurology consult which included an EEG was unremarkable. At the time of the initial consultation, the heart rate ranged from 151-180 bpm, systolic blood pressure from 80–130 mmHg, and diastolic from 50 –90 mmHg. Consultative Evaluation and Recommendations: 1. What history would you seek to determine that the patient is manifesting opioid tolerance?
Parallel simulation of a stochastic agent/environment interaction model (2001)

In this article, we address the modeling and simulation of situated agents, together with the unreliability of their sensors and effectors. We propose a model for the simulation of the agent/environment interaction, that integrates uncertainties and
Cultivation of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> in Liquid Media and Determination of Its In Vitro Susceptibilities to Quinolones (2005)

The cultivation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by use of fastidious broth (FB) was evaluated. FB was found to be able to support the growth of all N. gonorrhoeae strains tested in this study without a rapid decrease in the viable count after exponential growth. After 24 h of incubation at 35 degrees C with 5% CO(2), viable counts of all strains reached over 10(8) CFU/ml in FB. Similar growth of the wild-type strain and its target-altered quinolone-resistant derivatives was observed. The susceptibilities of laboratory-adapted strains and clinical isolates to quinolones were tested by the microdilution method using FB. The MICs determined by microdilution were not significantly different from those determined by the agar dilution method recommended by the CLSI (formerly National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards). Moreover, the concentration-dependent time-kill of quinolones such as gatifloxacin and ciprofloxacin was observed in FB. At 2 to 4 times the MIC, gatifloxacin and ciprofloxacin were predominantly bactericidal against N. gonorrhoeae WHO A. At the MIC, the activities of both quinolones ranged from bactericidal to bacteriostatic. At 0.25 to 0.5 times the MIC, gonococcal growth was comparable to that of the growth control. These results suggest that the cultivation of N. gonorrhoeae by use of FB may be useful for evaluation of the antibacterial effects of quinolones.
Incidence and outcome of lupus nephritis in French Polynesia (2017)

Renal presentation was the main predictive factor for a renal response whereas geographical residence and maintenance-treatment regimen were predictive of LN relapses in patients from French Polynesia, an area characterized by a specific genetic background and including several isolated islands that have limited access to healthcare. .
Variability in Cyclicity Affects Pain and Other Symptoms In Female Fibromyalgia Syndrome Patients (1998)

Objective: This study was designed to investigate if the hormonal changes in the menstrual cycle influence pain and other symptoms in fibromyalgia syndrome [FMS] patients with and without premenstrual dysphoric disorder [PDD] compared to healthy control subjects [HCS], and to assess the degree of concomitant affective disorder in the two subgroups of patients.Methods: Sixteen FMS patients and 15 HCS recorded 15 different symptoms daily during one ovulatory cycle. The mean values of each symptom per day of each patient group and HCS were calculated. Comparisons were made between four different phases of the menstrual cycle in the patient groups and HCS. Evaluation of possible concomitant affective disorder was made as well.Results: There was a significant difference in pain, physical and psychological symptoms between the ovulatory and perimenstrual phases in all FMS patients with emphasis in the PDD patients. Such a difference of the symptoms was not seen in the corresponding HCS. Compared to the HCS, all FMS patients had more severe psychological problems and were less happy during the luteal phase and perimenstrually. Forty-four percent of all the FMS patients had PDD and the same proportion also had some kind of affective disorder, although most of them of a lesser degree.Conclusion: The results indicate that the changes of the gonadal steroids during the menstrual cycle influence the pattern and severity of the symptoms in FMS patients significantly more than in HCS. The affective disturbances were distributed fairly equally in the PDD and non-PDD patients and were of minor to moderate degree.
The Mind of Lewis H. Morgan [and Comments and Reply] (1981)

A careful restudy of Morgan's writings (including unpublished manuscripts) has led to several rather obvious conclusions that would be not be starling were it not for the fact that scholarly writings since Engels about Morgan's personality and thought have presented such polarized contentions. (1) Morgan was not a "functionalist"-determinist, thus neither materialist nor idealist. (2) He was neither pro- nor anti-Darwinist and never addressed himself to the theory, except evidently to approve of the "low to high" aspects of the ascent of man. (3) His theology favored monogenesis over polygenesis and opposed the "degradationist" theory (hence his frequent statements about "struggle" from a "low" to a "high" estate, which has nothing to do either with Darwin's natural selection or with man's kinship with other animal species). (4) The "private property" assailed by Morgan was mostly feudal-like entailed estates and slave plantations, rather than bourgeois earnings; these properties were antievolutionary "excrescences of the body politic" and did not cause governments to come about, but instead hampered their proper functioning. An "Afterword" to the "Conclusion" addresses the social psychology of history writing in order to suggest why we have such discrepant assessments of Morgan by gentleman-scholars of impecccable aims and credentials.
Board # 49 : Learner-centered Design of a Web-based Teaching Tool for Circuit Analysis with Embedded Assessment Features (2018)

CATE, the Circuit Analysis Tool for Education, is a web-based teaching and learning system for linear circuit analysis.It supports active, assisted and passive learning modes.Students can tackle a particular circuit analysis problem using different learning modes and different techniques.CATE provides a learner-centered environment where the path through examples and problems is driven by a student's navigational choices.This allows students to easily transition between active, assisted and passive learning.The purpose of assisted learning is to promote the development of abilities that are key building blocks for circuit analysis.These key abilities include the formation of KCL and KVL equations for nodal and mesh analysis.The goal of assisted learning is to lessen the frustration for students who might otherwise only have access to the final answers associated with a circuit analysis problem.New features of CATE include the assisted learning mode, as well as the ability to transition between different learning modes for the same circuit.Another new feature is a circuit generation algorithm that can produce billions of different AC circuit topologies.CATE can now also generate exam questions with solutions.Past student satisfaction surveys indicated a generally positive attitude towards CATE and its benefit to learning.To better examine the impact of CATE on student learning we have developed new embedded assessment tools that track students' activity longitudinally.The resolution of these data can be adjusted from a finer detail with individual clicks to more coarse versions describing runs of activity of similar type.Data sets can be augmented by uploading external assessments such as quiz grades, or by using quiz questions generated internally by CATE.Longitudinal activity and assessment data are recorded temporally in a database to form an integrated picture of student use and ability.We have also developed a feedback mechanism for an instructor that indicates which learning objectives are being investigated by students and at what difficulty level.These data describe activity in a cross-sectional fashion for a student population.To be clear, CATE provides functionality that is different from SPICE.Each does provide values for voltages and currents in a circuit.However SPICE does not present intermediate equations associated with various types of analyses.Furthermore CATE helps address some common misconceptions such as the identification of series and parallel elements.It also provides an environment that allows students to readily build on their prior abilities by scaffolding.CATE is a free web resource that works in a variety of browsers and is presented without any ads.Visit YourLearningCoach.com.
Ultralight and Flexible MWNTs/Polyimide Hybrid Aerogels for Elastic Conductors (2017)

Aerogels have showed tremendous potential applications because of its unique and outstanding properties. Herein, a novel two‐step approach to form self‐assembly nanocomposite aerogels driven by the strong interactions between water‐soluble polyimide (PI) precursor polyamic acid salt (PAAs) and hydroxyl multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs‐OH) is reported. The PI therein constitutes the framework of the nanocomposite and raises the strength of the cell walls, which endows aerogels with superelasticity and robustness. The MWNTs‐OH is distributed uniformly into water via physical ultrasonic method followed by blending with PAA molecular. During the imidization process, electrically insulating polyamic acid (PAA)/MWNTs‐OH aerogels are converted to conductive PI/MWNTs‐OH nanocomposite aerogels owning to the removal of their oxygenic functional groups of OH functionalized MWNTs. Moreover, adding multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWNTs) contributes to the reduction of shrinkage notably, which can be evidenced by scanning electron microscopy measurement and density data. The nanocomposite aerogels display a high elastic modulus, high compressive stress, superior robustness, and high stress‐sensitive electrical conductivity. Interestingly, the variation trend of the electric resistance with compressive strain ( R / R 0 –ε) plots is consistent with the compressive stress–strain (σ–ε) curves, which can be explained by the “interface contact spots” theory. And this finding could facilitate the development of polymer‐based nanocomposite aerogels as elastic conductors for various applications. image
Immune system dysregulation during spaceflight: clinical risk for exploration-class missions (2009)

Abstract Commentary on review by Gueguinou et al. on immune barriers and clinical risks to humans during prolonged, exploration-class space missions.
Minimum Enclosing Polytope in High Dimensions (2004)

We study the problem of covering a given set of $n$ points in a high, $d$-dimensional space by the minimum enclosing polytope of a given arbitrary shape. We present algorithms that work for a large family of shapes, provided either only translations and no rotations are allowed, or only rotation about a fixed point is allowed; that is, one is allowed to only scale and translate a given shape, or scale and rotate the shape around a fixed point. Our algorithms start with a polytope guessed to be of optimal size and iteratively moves it based on a greedy principle: simply move the current polytope directly towards any outside point till it touches the surface. For computing the minimum enclosing ball, this gives a simple greedy algorithm with running time $O(nd/\eps)$ producing a ball of radius $1+\eps$ times the optimal. This simple principle generalizes to arbitrary convex shape when only translations are allowed, requiring at most $O(1/\eps^2)$ iterations. Our algorithm implies that {\em core-sets} of size $O(1/\eps^2)$ exist not only for minimum enclosing ball but also for any convex shape with a fixed orientation. A {\em Core-Set} is a small subset of $poly(1/\eps)$ points whose minimum enclosing polytope is almost as large as that of the original points. Although we are unable to combine our techniques for translations and rotations for general shapes, for the min-cylinder problem, we give an algorithm similar to the one in \cite{HV03}, but with an improved running time of $2^{O(\frac{1}{\eps^2}\log \frac{1}{\eps})} nd$.
Metabolic Syndrome in the Rat: Females are Protected Against the Pro-Oxidant Effect of a High Sucrose Diet (2002)

Metabolic syndrome is more prevalent in men than in women. In an experimental dietary model of metabolic syndrome, the high-fructose-fed rat, oxidative stress has been observed in males. Given that estradiol has been documented to exert an antioxidant effect, we investigated whether female rats were better protected than males against the adverse effects of a high-sucrose diet, and we studied the influence of hormonal status in female rats. Males and females were first fed a sucrose-based or starch-based diet for 2 weeks. In the males, the plasma triglyceride (TG)-raising effect of sucrose was accompanied by significantly lowered plasma alpha-tocopherol and a significantly lowered alpha-tocopherol/TG ratio (30%), suggesting that vitamin E depletion may predispose lipoproteins to subsequent oxidative stress. In males, after exposure of heart tissue homogenate to iron-induced lipid peroxidation, thiobarbituric reactive substances were significantly higher in the sucrose-fed than in the starch-fed rats. In contrast, in sucrose-fed females, neither a decrease in vitamin E/TG ratio nor an increased susceptibility of heart tissue to peroxidation was observed, despite both a significantly decreased heart superoxide dismutase activity (14%) and a significant 3-fold increase in plasma nitric oxide concentration compared with starch-fed females. The influence of hormonal status in female rats was then assessed using intact, ovariectomized, or estradiol-supplemented ovariectomized female rats fed the sucrose or starch diet for 2 weeks. After exposure of heart tissue to iron-induced lipid peroxidation, higher susceptibility to peroxidation was found only in ovariectomized females fed the sucrose diet compared with the starch group and not in intact females or ovariectomized females supplemented with estradiol. Thus, estrogens, by their effects on antioxidant capacity, might explain the sexual difference in the pro-oxidant effect of sucrose diet resulting in metabolic syndrome in rats.