gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Research and application of the improved algorithm C4.5 on Decision tree (2009)

The algorithm on Decision tree is the most widely used method of inductive inference, and it is a simple method of knowledge representation, Different examples can be divided into representative categories, such as classifier and prediction models. This article introduces the basic concepts of classifier, the principle of decision tree and algorithm ID3, analyses the algorithm C4.5 and gives further research to improve it, and the trials shows that the improved algorithm has the reliable results and high efficiency.
Paediatric telephone consultation — a neglected area of health service delivery (1984)

Telephone enquiries to a large paediatric institution were monitored over a 4 week period. Of the 1764 calls handled during this period (an average of 63 per day), over 75% sought advice regarding symptoms of illness in their children. The commonest were to do with vomiting and diarrhoea, fever, infectious disease, respiratory symptoms and feeding problems. It is suggested that it is no longer appropriate for such calls to be handled in an ad hoc manner as is the custom in most hospitals, but that specific telephone protocols be developed and evaluated to address this important area of paediatric consultation.
A Pilot Study to Compare the Episure™ Autodetect™ Syringe with the Glass Syringe for Identification of the Epidural Space in Parturients (2008)

The Episure AutoDetect syringe, a spring-loaded syringe, is a new loss-of-resistance syringe with an internal compression spring that applies constant pressure on the plunger. In this pilot study, we compared the spring-loaded syringe with the standard glass syringe for identification of the epidural space during initiation of epidural analgesia in parturients. The primary outcome was the incidence of failed epidural analgesia. Three-hundred and twenty-five women were enrolled. Eight residents performed 291 procedures (90%) and two attendings performed 34 procedures (10%). Epidural analgesia failed in five subjects in the glass syringe group and in no subject in the spring-loaded syringe group (P = 0.025).
From cofactor to enzymes. The molecular evolution of pyridoxal‐5′‐phosphate‐dependent enzymes (2001)

The pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (vitamin B(6))-dependent enzymes that act on amino acid substrates have multiple evolutionary origins. Thus, the common mechanistic features of B(6) enzymes are not accidental historical traits but reflect evolutionary or chemical necessities. The B(6) enzymes belong to four independent evolutionary lineages of paralogous proteins, of which the alpha family (with aspartate aminotransferase as the prototype enzyme) is by far the largest and most diverse. The considerably smaller beta family (tryptophan synthase beta as the prototype enzyme) is structurally and functionally more homogenous. Both the D-alanine aminotransferase family and the alanine racemase family consist of only a few enzymes. The primordial pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent protein catalysts apparently first diverged into reaction-specific protoenzymes, which then diverged further by specializing for substrate specificity. Aminotransferases as well as amino acid decarboxylases are found in two different evolutionary lineages, providing examples of convergent enzyme evolution. The functional specialization of most B(6) enzymes seems to have already occurred in the universal ancestor cell before the divergence of eukaryotes, archebacteria, and eubacteria 1500 million years ago. Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate must have emerged very early in biological evolution; conceivably, metal ions and organic cofactors were the first biological catalysts. To simulate particular steps of molecular evolution, both the substrate and reaction specificity of existent B(6) enzymes were changed by substitution of active-site residues, and monoclonal pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent catalytic antibodies were produced with selection criteria that might have been operative in the evolution of protein-assisted pyridoxal catalysis.
Prediction of optical properties of paints (2007)

Abstract The field of predictive rendering concerns itself with those methods of image synthesis which yield results that do not only look real, but are also radiometrically correct renditions of nature, i.e., which are accurate predictions of what a real scene would look like under given lighting conditions. A real coating consists of pigments, effect pigments, clear lacquer and glaze. A novel and unique combination of real parameters that are commonly measured in the industry and a theoretical reflectance model consisting of measurable parameters is required. Here, the authors design perception parameters and put them into well known surface reflection functions such as He and Torrance. The original contributions are the study of the sub-surface scattering of real paint and the prediction of its appearance in rendered images by the proposed model of light reflection beneath the paint surface.
Charge Exchange Cross Sections of Hydrogen Ions in Gases (1956)

Measurements are reported of the cross section for electron capture (${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{10}$), electron loss (${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{01}$), and electron detachment (${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\ensuremath{-}10}$) for hydrogen atoms and ions traversing several gases. (${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{if}}$ represents the cross section for charge transfer from initial state $i$ to final state $f$.) The kinetic energy of the particle was from 3 kev to 200 kev. The target gases used were ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, He, ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, Ne, and A. Cross sections were determined by measuring the attenuation of the hydrogen beam in a gas cell under the influence of an electrostatic or magnetic field. The fraction of the beam in each charge state after passing through a "thick target" was also determined. This latter measurement served as a test for internal consistency of the data, since the fraction is relatable to the cross section for entry to and exit from the charge state. The loss cross section, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{01}$, increased monotonically at low energies, reaching a maximum at a velocity approximately equal to the orbital electron velocity. For the higher energies studied the capture cross section could be represented by an expression of the form, $\ensuremath{\sigma}=A{e}^{\ensuremath{-}bv}$, where $A$ and $b$ are constants for each gas studied. The electron attachment cross section, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{0\ensuremath{-}1}$, was of the order ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}17}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/gas atom for the gases studied and attained a maximum between 5 and 20 kev. The inverse transition, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\ensuremath{-}10}$, was approximately ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}15}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/gas atom in the energy range studied.
Compressive Sensing Techniques for Next-Generation Wireless Communications (2018)

A range of efficient wireless processes and enabling techniques are put under a magnifier glass in the quest for exploring different manifestations of correlated processes, where sub-Nyquist sampling may be invoked as an explicit benefit of having a sparse transform-domain representation. For example, wide-band next-generation systems require a high Nyquist-sampling rate, but the channel impulse response (CIR) will be very sparse at the high Nyquist frequency, given the low number of reflected propagation paths. This motivates the employment of compressive sensing based processing techniques for frugally exploiting both the limited radio resources and the network infrastructure as efficiently as possible. A diverse range of sophisticated compressed sampling techniques is surveyed, and we conclude with a variety of promising research ideas related to large-scale antenna arrays, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), and ultra-dense network (UDN) solutions, just to name a few.
Computer Aided Electroforming. Elecform3D™ (2013)

Electroforming is an electrolytic process that enables the manufacture of metallic parts with good mechanical properties and a high level of accuracy and reproducibility. In this process a thin metallic shell is deposited onto a model part and later released from it. However the two main disadvantages of electroforming are the non-uniform thickness distribution and the high time of processing. Procesos de Fabricación research group, of the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), has been working in the electroforming process and its applications focused on rapid manufacturing techniques, for the last twelve years. Elecform3DTM product is an innovative numerical analysis and simulation tool of electroforming process, based on the boundary elements method, which aims to facilitate design and manufacturing tasks for metallic shells production. This product work enables better thickness uniformity as well as lower time manufacturing, achieving High Speed Electroforming therefore enabling new application fields.
Scalable parallel computers for real-time signal processing (1996)

We assess the state-of-the-art technology in massively parallel processors (MPPs) and their variations in different architectural platforms. Architectural and programming issues are identified in using MPPs for time-critical applications such as adaptive radar signal processing. We review the enabling technologies. These include high-performance CPU chips and system interconnects, distributed memory architectures, and various latency hiding mechanisms. We characterize the concept of scalability in three areas: resources, applications, and technology. Scalable performance attributes are analytically defined. Then we compare MPPs with symmetric multiprocessors (SMPs) and clusters of workstations (COWs). The purpose is to reveal their capabilities, limits, and effectiveness in signal processing. We evaluate the IBM SP2 at MHPCC, the Intel Paragon at SDSC, the Gray T3D at Gray Eagan Center, and the Gray T3E and ASCI TeraFLOP system proposed by Intel. On the software and programming side, we evaluate existing parallel programming environments, including the models, languages, compilers, software tools, and operating systems. Some guidelines for program parallelization are provided. We examine data-parallel, shared-variable, message-passing, and implicit programming models. Communication functions and their performance overhead are discussed. Available software tools and communication libraries are also introduced.
Optimal and suboptimal receivers for ultra-wideband transmitted reference systems (2004)

The optimal receiver for an ultra-wideband transmitted reference (UWB TR) system in a single user multipath environment is derived, based on knowledge of channel properties. The performances of this optimal receiver and other crosscorrelation receivers are analyzed and compared. The usual crosscorrelation receiver which is often used in UWB TR systems is shown to be suboptimal. In addition, an UWB differential transmitted reference (UWB DTR) system is also proposed and its performance is evaluated.
Investigating the Performance of Machine Learning Algorithms for Improving Fault Tolerance for Large Scale Workflow Applications in Cloud Computing (2019)

Cloud platform is emerging distributed system mainly used to host applications from the client side. Maintenance of user's data and execution of client's application with the help of hardware, software and network resources are allowed in cloud distributed environment. In this era, modern cloud data centers are used for hosting many non-commercial applications used in scientific field. Cloud being a distributed platform, many errors and fault can occur. In such a distributed environment it becomes difficult to identify errors and faults. Hence there is a high requirement for implementation of fault tolerance mechanism in cloud platform. This mechanism ensures that although the failure occurs in cloud the client's data are not affected in any manner. Cloud's performance can be improved by ensuring users their on-demand services as required with the help of fault tolerance mechanisms. In this research work the comparative analysis of three machine learning algorithms K-Means, Decision Tree and KNN (K Nearest Neighbors) algorithm for different structures of scientific workflow applications such as Pipeline, Merge, Split, Diamond using parameters like Sensitivity and Specificity are discussed.
Safety Monitoring Method of Hoisting Equipment Based on Pressure Measuring (2007)

Considering the limitation and deficiencies in traditional safety monitoring of hoisting equipment which adopts the load moment limiter to monitor safety, a scheme of the stability monitoring for the Large-scale hoisting transfer equipment is put forth. The method of measuring hydraulic leg forces by weighing sensor to judge safety for the hoisting equipment is adopted in this scheme. By analyzing stress of hoisting equipment, the mathematical model of boom's azimuth, pitch angle, Working range and load. The safety monitoring system is designed. This system can display boom's various working state. Consequently, real-time safety monitoring of the hoisting equipment working process is realized.
Dosis de inteligancia: AAH Pharmaceuticals (2003)

Suministrar a las farmacias urbanas con una gama completa de productos reclama una oferta de servicio excepcional y unos sistemas de automatizados inteligentes.
Free Radical Generation by Thryoid Peroxidase and Its Effects on Cells <em>in vitro</em> [Thesis] (1990)

A new ESR method for quantifying micromolar quantities of hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) and peroxidase activity is described. The assay consists of measuring the one-electron oxidation of a reduced nitroxide by phenoxyl radicals produced by a peroxidase with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. The method was developed to study the activity of small quantities of an impure peroxidase preparation coupled to a H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> generating system. The assay can be used for quantifying H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> or peroxidase enzyme activity in optically opaque biological samples that would not be suitable for work with conventional spectroscopic assays. The instantaneous readout availablility of this method is especially useful in the initial stages of enzyme characterization. The ESR assay was applied to the study of free radical generation by membrane-bound thyroid peroxidase (TPO) with a variety of phenols. It was found that TPO can produce radicals besides those required for hormone synthesis. Endogenous and exogenous phenols, as well as iodide, can create these highly oxidizing species as a function of enzyme and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> concentration. The same conditions which generate radicals in the ESR assay were established in tissue culture experiments. Cells which had been transfected with and expressed the gene for human TPO (hTPO) provided peroxidase. H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> was generated continuously by glucose oxidase with glucose and dissolved oxygen. Phenols were present in the tissue culture media but were supplemented with other oxidation catalysts in some experiments. The same factors which promoted free radical generation in the ESR assay led to inhibition of the cells in tissue culture, suggesting that free radicals were responsible for the cytotoxic effects. Partial prevention of the growth inhibition by a free radical trap provides evidence that radicals are involved in cell damage. Tissue culture seems to be a good model for the study of the role of radicals in autoimmune thyroid diseases in which peroxidase activity and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> generation are increased. Furthermore, tissue culture allows the effects of oxidizing conditions to be separated from those of the immune system. Preventative treatment of free radical effects may improve the prognosis for thyroiditis.
5ème partie : Compagnie d'Exploration Pétrolière C.E.P. - Secteur Provence (1964)

David L. 5ème partie : Compagnie d'Exploration Pétrolière C.E.P. - Secteur Provence. In: Documents des Laboratoires de Géologie de la Faculté des Sciences de Lyon, n°7, 1964. Géologie 1964 (rapport annuel) pp. 65-68.
Full abstraction of a real-time denotational semantics for an OCCAM-like language (1987)

We present a fully abstract semantics for real-time distributed computing of the Ada and OCCAM kind in a denotational style. This semantics turns termination, communication along channels, and the time communication takes place, into observables. Yet it is the coarsest semantics to do so which is syntax-directed (this is known as full abstraction). It extends the linear history semantics for CSP of Francez, Lehman and Pnueli. Our execution model is based on maximizing concurrent activity as opposed to interleaving (in which only one action occurs at the time and arbitrary delays are incurred between actions). It is a variant of the maximal parallelism model of Salwicki and Müldner.
Microfluidic chip for fast nucleic acid hybridization (2003)

The design and experimental verification of a fast nucleic acid hybridization microchip using the fluidic velocity and strain rate effects was conducted. This hybridization chip was able to increase the hybridization signal 6-fold, reduce non-specific target-probe binding and background noise within 30 min, as compared to conventional hybridization methods, which may take from 4 h to overnight. Excellent correlation between experimental results and simulation analysis was obtained in this study. A detailed study of a newly designed microfluidic chip for enhancing hybridization was conducted. Three different designs of devices were fabricated and tested. Two different lengths of targets, 25-mer oligonucleotide and 1.4 kb ssDNA, were tested in this study. The hybridization efficiency can be improved by introducing velocity and extensional strain rate to the sample. This study demonstrates that the signal in the proposed method exhibits intensities 6-fold higher than those in static conditions. The necessary time for the hybridization process can be reduced from overnight to 30 min using the methods developed in this study. Experimental results also show that the strain rate provides stronger effect on hybridization than that of velocity. Combining hybridization with microfluidic concepts of velocity and strain rate effects may provide additional specificity and efficiency in nucleic acid detection and genomic study. This microfluidic hybridization chip can provide potential application in genomic study.
On Generator Matrices of Codes (1992)

The if class of the q-ary linear codes of given length, dimension and minimum weight is nonempty, it is shown to contain a code whose generator matrix consists of words of minimum weight.
THE NUCLEOLAR CHANNEL SYSTEM OF HUMAN ENDOMETRIUM (1965)

Human endometrium taken during the early to mid-secretory portion of the menstrual cycle is studied with the electron microscope. A description of the nucleolus is given. In addition, an unusual structure within the endometrial cell nucleolus is described, consisting of amorphous matrix, 150-A dense granules, and a series of tubular channels. This structure is named the nucleolar channel system. A description is given of the geometric variability of the nucleolar channel system, its contents, and its relationship to the cytoplasm. The morphologic basis for a nucleolar-cytoplasmic interrelationship via the nucleolar channel system is described. Some of the implications of this relationship are discussed. The work of previous investigators on the nucleolar channel system is discussed.
A review of novel techniques for heavy oil and bitumen extraction and upgrading (2010)

With World oil demand increasing in the face of limited supplies, increasing attention is turning towards non-conventional oil sources as a means to relieve the pressure exerted on conventional stocks. However, non-conventional oils are hard to extract, process and transport. Several technologies are already at work with differing levels of success, recovery ranging from as low as 5% through to more than 70%. This paper reviews the range of Enhanced Oil Recovery techniques, broadly classified into either thermal or non-thermal methods, and their applicability to the extraction of heavy oils and bitumens. Advantages and disadvantages are presented in terms of their recovery factors, requirements, limitations and economics. The potential benefits of additional downhole catalytic upgrading of heavy oils are also explored.
Overcoming Heterogeneity of Antigen Expression for Effective CAR T Cell Targeting of Cancers (2020)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) gene-modified T cells (CAR T cells) can eradicate B cell malignancies via recognition of surface-expressed B lineage antigens. Antigen escape remains a major mechanism of relapse and is a key barrier for expanding the use of CAR T cells towards solid cancers with their more diverse surface antigen repertoires. In this review we discuss strategies by which cancers become amenable to effective CAR T cell therapy despite heterogeneous phenotypes. Pharmaceutical approaches have been reported that selectively upregulate individual target antigens on the cancer cell surface to sensitize antigen-negative subclones for recognition by CARs. In addition, advanced T cell engineering strategies now enable CAR T cells to interact with more than a single antigen simultaneously. Still, the choice of adequate targets reliably and selectively expressed on the cell surface of tumor cells but not normal cells, ideally by driving tumor growth, is limited, and even dual or triple antigen targeting is unlikely to cure most solid tumors. Innovative receptor designs and combination strategies now aim to recruit bystander cells and alternative cytolytic mechanisms that broaden the activity of CAR-engineered T cells beyond CAR antigen-dependent tumor cell recognition.
The Developing Economics, Tax and Royalty Payments by the Petroleum Industry, and the United States Income Tax (1970)

An intensive discussion of optimal rates of exploitation of natural resources is provided in the symposium volume, Extractive Resources and Taxation (M
FAHRRADUNFAELLE IN DEUTSCHLAND. EPIDEMIOLOGISCHE BEDEUTUNG UND NOTFALLMEDIZINISCHE RELEVANZ (1995)

Bei notfallmedizinischen Berichten ueber Unfallopfer wird der verunglueckte Fahrradfahrer nur selten eingehend besprochen. Auf der Basis der Daten der Verkehrsunfallstatistik 1991 der Bundesrepublik Deutschland werden die fuer den Rettungsdienst wichtigen Eckdaten dieser Unfallopfer herausgearbeitet. 1991 wurden 63.396 Fahrradfahrer bei Unfaellen verletzt oder getoetet. Auch bei Fahrradunfaellen ohne Unfallgegner (Alleinunfaellen) verletzten sich Fahrradfahrer schwer oder gar toedlich. Da das Schaedel-Hirn-Trauma die haeufigste Verletzung ist, kann das Tragen eines Helmes auch bei Erwachsenen die Verletzungsschwere bei einem Unfall mildern. (A)
Cationic photopolymerization of tetrahydrofuran: A mechanistic study on the use of a sulfonium salt-phenothiazine initiation system (2000)

The kinetics aspects of the photoinitiated polymerization of tetrahydrofuran with triphenylsulfonium hexafluoroarsenate and sensitized by phenothiazine was studied under visible-light irradiation. A photosensitizer mechanism was proposed involving electron transfer from phenothiazine to the triphenylsulfonium salt, forming a cation radical, the true precursor of the polymerization. An initial complex in the ground state between the phenothiazine and the triphenylsulfonium was formed prior to the excitation, and this complex actually activated the photopolymerization rate. The polymerization conversion presented an S-shaped curve, suggesting an induction period caused by the existence of two pathways responsible for the beginning of the polymerization. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 39: 46–55, 2001