gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The boundary layer instability of a gliding fish helps rather than prevents object identification (2014)

Abstract Inspired by the function of the lateral line in aquatic animals, we study the shape identification of a stationary cylinder through pressure measurements made by sensors located on the surface of a steadily moving foil, modelling a fish gliding in close proximity to an object. Comparing experimental results, potential flow predictions and viscous simulations, we first show that the pressure in the boundary layer of the foil is significantly affected by unsteady viscous effects, especially in the posterior half of the foil. Therefore, even after the effects of the boundary layer thickness are accounted for, potential flow predictions are inaccurate. Subsequently, we show that the spatial features of the unsteady patterns developing when the foil is moving near a cylinder can be predicted accurately through linear stability analysis of the average boundary layer velocity profile under open water conditions. Because these unsteady patterns result from amplification of the potential flow-like disturbance caused in the front part of the foil, they are specific to the cylinder that generated them and could be used to identify its shape. We develop and demonstrate a methodology to calculate the unsteady pressure based on combining potential flow predictions with results from linear stability analysis of the boundary layer. The findings can be useful for object identification in underwater vehicles, and support the intriguing possibility that the significant viscous effects caused by nearby bodies on the fish boundary layer, far from preventing detection, could actually be used by animals to identify objects.
Depletion- and enhancement-mode modulation-doped field-effect transistors for ultrahigh-speed applications: an electrochemical fabrication technology (2000)

This paper is devoted to an electrochemical-etching-based technology for fabricating high-performance MODFETs for high-speed applications. The electrochemical etching in the gate openings is induced by the exposure of the Ni surface metal on the ohmic electrodes; it results in very slender gate-recess grooves, which are desirable for high-speed MODFETs because of the resulting achievable small gate-to-channel separation and low parasitic resistance. The technology is easy to implement, and is effective for enhancing the aspect ratio. Good control of aspect ratio is essential for achieving excellent device performance and limiting deleterious short channel effects. Successful vertical scaling, together with minimization of gate length by well-established electron-beam lithography using fullerene-incorporated electron-beam resist, leads to the realization of both optimal D- and E-mode MODFET's with ultrahigh extrinsic transconductance values and current gain cut-off frequencies. Fully passivated 0.07-/spl mu/m D-MODFET's with 2.25 S/mm extrinsic transconductance and current gain cut-off frequency exceeding 300 GHz have been successful fabricated. In addition, 0.03 /spl mu/m E-MODFETs with 2 S/mm transconductance and 300 GHz current gain cut-off frequency have been demonstrated. This electrochemical-etching-based technology provides both high-performance D- and E-MODFET's and, therefore, opens up the possibility to achieve ultrahigh-speed ICs based on DCFL configurations.
Wearable cooling system to manage heat in protective clothing (2011)

Abstract This paper presents the working principle of a wearable miniature cooling system investigated by us for managing heat and sweat effectively and efficiently under extreme conditions. The cooling system consists of peltier units and mini refrigerant channels incorporated in a knitted spacer structure. The knitted spacer structure absorbs sweat and accumulates it to keep the skin dry. The cold side of the peltier units absorbs heat from the skin and transfers the heat to the refrigerant, which is converted to gas by the absorption of evaporative heat. The mini refrigerant channels are connected to a high pressure liquid refrigerant cylinder and to a gas receiver via polymer tubes. The wearable cooling system was evaluated using a test rig designed to simulate the origination of human body heat and a sealed environment similar to that inside a CBRN garment. Test results show that the temperature remains constant, when the cooling system is active even though the heat energy was produced continuously. This wearable cooling system can be used to manage heat and sweat under extreme conditions. Keywords: protective clothingheat managementmicro coolingpeltiersCBRN clothingmetabolic heat
A Behavioral Analysis of Chest Pain in Patients Suspected of Having Coronary Artery Disease* (1985)

A group of 83 men and women who had been referred to Johns Hopkins Hospital for cardiac catheterization for evaluation of chest pain and possible coronary artery bypass surgery were assessed behaviorally for their chest pains. During the approximately 2-week period between clinical evaluation and catheterization, the patients completed self-report forms about their chest pains. Patients completed one form for each episode of chest pain. Referring physicians also completed a form about the patients "typical" chest pain. The data were analyzed in terms of the antecedents, concomitants, and consequences of the chest pain, and patients' reports were compared to physicians' judgments. Major findings were as follows: 1) Antecedents--most episodes occurred while the patient was at home at times when his mood was one of contentment. 2) Concomitants--the average patient reported fewer than one episode per day which persisted for about 4 min and was rated as 36 on a scale of 0 to 100. The most common physical symptoms accompanying the episode were breathlessness and weakness, and the most common pain sensations were reported to be pressing or aching. There was no consistency among patients either in primary location or path of radiation of the pain. Duration of pain did not correlate significantly either with sensation or symptoms; however, severity rating did correlate with symptoms and sensations. 3) Consequences--most episodes were self-treated with nitroglycerin or rest. Patients typically returned to their ongoing activities; however, there were a number of interactions between the likelihood of returning to ones ongoing activity and the antecedents of the episodes. 4) The referring physicians significantly overestimated the frequency and severity of their patients' episodes; furthermore, they were selective in their abilities to identify correctly the antecedents or concomitants associated with their patients' pain--e.g., they were reliable in their judgments about subjects who had sleep-related episodes; however, they were inaccurate in characterizing the typical sensations or symptoms reported by their patients. It is suggested that a behavioral analysis may enable a physician to characterize his patient's chest complaints better, and perhaps also may facilitate the differentiation between chest complaints indicative of coronary artery disease and chest complaints of a noncoronary origin.
Preoperative Computed Tomography May Fail to Detect Patients at Risk for Perilymph Gusher (2005)

Perilymph gusher (PG) is a very rare occurrence that can lead to an adverse outcome during inner ear surgery. In the absence of a family history of X-linked mixed deafness syndrome, surgeons may have difficulty determining if a patient is at risk preoperatively. Radiographic imaging is often performed in an attempt to identify such a possibility, but there are few data to support the value of negative studies. We conducted a retrospective study of 3 cases of PG in which findings on preoperative high-resolution computed tomography (CT) of the temporal bone had been interpreted as normal. We reviewed these CTs to discern if they did in fact demonstrate any abnormalities that might have indicated a risk of PG, and we found that the original radiologist had missed a dilated internal auditory canal and a deformity of the cochlear modiolus in the affected ear of 1 of these patients. No abnormality was detected on review of the CTs of the other 2 patients. Therefore, we conclude that negative CT findings do not necessarily rule out a risk of PG.
Cytokine profiles, signalling pathways and effects of fluticasone propionate in respiratory syncytial virus‐infected human foetal lung fibroblasts (2013)

To examine cytokine production in response to RSV infection, we assessed the levels of 29 cytokines released from RSV-infected human foetal lung fibroblasts. We also examined the relationships between the effects of fluticasone propionate and various signalling pathways in the cells. Twenty-four hours after infection (1MOI), RSV-infected cells released cytokines, for example proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α), anti-inflammatory (IL-1ra), Th1 (IFN-γ, IFN-λ1a, IL-2 and IL-12), Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13), granulopoiesis-inducing (G-CSF and GM-CSF), eosinophil recruitment-inducing (eotaxin and RANTES) and neutrophil recruitment-inducing cytokines (IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1 and MIP-1α). Aberrant release of most was significantly suppressed by fluticasone propionate. Twelve hours after RSV infection, increased phosphorylation of Akt, p38 MAPK, ERK1/2 and IκB-α was noted. Fluticasone propionate suppressed the phosphorylation of Akt, p38 MAPK, and ERK1/2, but not IκB-α, in virus-infected cells. TLR-4 expression was unchanged in control and RSV-infected cells, and TLR-3 and RIG-I expression was not detected. The results indicate that RSV infection induces aberrant production and release of certain cytokines through these signalling pathways in human lung fibroblasts. Overproduction and imbalance of these cytokines may be associated with the pathophysiology of RSV-induced excessive and allergic inflammation.
Cryogenic cooling system for restoring IR science on the Hubble Space Telescope (2003)

This paper presents a description of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Near Infrared Camera and Multi Object Spectrometer (NICMOS) Cooling System (NCS), the cutting edge technology involved, a comparison of predicted versus on-orbit thermal performance, as well as possible future space applications. The NCS hardware consists of the NICMOS Cryogenic Cooler (NCC), an Electronics Support Module (ESM), a Capillary Pumped Loop (CPL)/Radiator assembly, and associated interface harnessing. The NCC is a state-of-the-art reverse Turbo-Brayton cycle mechanical cooler employing micro turbo machinery, driven by advanced power conversion electronics, operating at speeds up to 450,000 revolutions per minute to remove heat from the NICMOS instrument. The ESM provides command, control, and power distribution to the NCS, as well as providing the primary interface to the existing HST electronics. A two-phase CPL system removes heat from the NCC and transfers it to the radiator mounted externally on the HST aft shroud. The system was installed during Servicing Mission 3B via extravehicular activities in March 2002. The NCS revived the NICMOS instrument, which experienced a reduced operational lifetime due to an internal thermal short in its dewar structure, and restored HST scientific infrared capability to operational status.
Designing and Testing Cylinder Head Gaskets for High Performance Sealing (1984)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The cylinder head gasketing of today's internal combustion engines is highly complex and becoming even more so as the engines are being made lighter while developing higher outputs. Delicate stress distribution balancing between the combustion and liquid sealing components is required. Rigorous testing, both static and dynamic, is required to insure long term, high performance sealing. Specialized test equipment and instrumentation is utilized during this testing. This paper presents some of the techniques used in the design of cylinder head gaskets. It also depicts some of the specific tests that are conducted and test results that are required before the gaskets are released to production.</div>
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Novel Dicycloproparene (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Étude des voies d'administration et du devenir in vivo de vecteurs synthétiques pour le transfert de gènes : application à la mucoviscidose (2004)

Cystic Fibrosis, the most common lethal genetic disease in Caucasian populations, is characterized by its great genotypic and phenotypic variability. This disease mainly affects both digestive and pulmonary functions, and the progressive respiratory degradation ultimately leads to death. Although many therapeutic strategies have emerged for the past decade, efficient treatments to cure permanently this disease are not available yet. Preventing the genetic defect would be the ideal way to achieve this goal. Since the CFTR gene, responsible for the disease was identified in 1989, gene therapy has become the major hope for CF patients. Many gene vectors, such as adenoviral-derived vectors and synthetic reagents have been evaluated to deliver therapeutic genes to the airways and numerous clinical trials have been initiated to assess both their safety and efficacy. Professor Ferec, in Brest, has decided to penetrate this field by testing and developing a new family of cationic lipids for gene transfer to the lungs. Biodistribution of these reagents as well as kinetics of expression of the reporter genes were studied in vivo in mice following different ways of administration by various techniques, including imaging-based systems. Although we and others have collected a broad range of data including parameters influencing transfection efficiency and tissue targeting, a long and hard work is still to be done before gene therapy strategies can be routinely used as a common treatment to cure the CF disease.
OP01.12: Effect of the persistence in the power Doppler ultrasound recordings for the estimation of fractional moving blood volume in fetuses (2007)

A high persistence reduces the differences caused by variations in blood flow due to systole and diastole in the displayed color Doppler signal. Through this the level of persistence might mask the effect of systole and diastole on the measurement of the fractional moving blood volume (FMBV) causing loss of spatial resolution when FMBV measurement is done in the 3D volume in a multi-slice technique. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the persistence of power Doppler ultrasound (PDU) during different periods of the cardiac cycle on the estimation of FMBV in the fetal brain. Five consecutive PDU examinations of the cerebral posterior fossa in four different fetuses were performed. For each examination a gradual increase in persistence was selected: 0 (none), 1, 2, 3 and 4 (maximal). The transducer was strictly kept in the same position while the Doppler sequence was videotaped. Each video sequence comprised at least five cardiac cycles. The video sequences were converted to a series of images and in each image FMBV was calculated in a constant and well defined region of interest. Cyclic changes of FMBV were analyzed for all consecutive images from the same video sequence. When persistence 0 was used FMBV values of a defined ROI showed significant changes during the different periods of the cardiac cycle. These changes diminished progressively with increasing persistence. Frame-to-frame variations of FMBV measurements were significantly larger with respect to the mean with a 0 persistence in comparison to measurements with persistence 1 through 4 (P < 0.001). Real changes in blood flow during cardiac systole and diastole influence the calculation of FMBV. These differences are hidden when a high persistence is used. Whereas a high PDU persistence could be applied for 2D FMBV calculations it might diminish the spatial resolution in a multi-slice 3D PDU technique.
Synthesis and Characterization of ‘Epoxyphilic’ Montmorillonites (1994)

Abstract ‘Epoxyphilic’ montmorillonites were prepared containing various functional groups which can react with one or both of the components in amine-cured epoxy formulations. The preparation involves the ion exchange of six organic ammonium compounds containing either carboxylic acid, anhydride, phenolic hydroxyl, alcoholic hydroxyl, amide or amine functional groups. X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis and FTIR studies confirm the intercalation of the organic cations to form epoxyphilic montmorillonites. The adsorption behaviour of the modified montmorillonites are compared with the unmodified montmorillonite in an epoxy resin before and after the curing process.
Microscopic wave functions for the fractional quantized Hall states at<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>ν</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mfrac><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mfrac><mml:mi> </mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">and</mml:mi><mml:mi> </mml:mi><mml:mfrac><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mfrac></mml:math> (1986)

New microscopic trial wave functions are proposed for fractional quantized Hall states at $\ensuremath{\nu}=\frac{2}{(2p+1)}$. Results for $\ensuremath{\nu}=\frac{2}{5} \mathrm{and} \frac{2}{7}$ based on Monte Carlo and exact numerical computations are presented. For $N\ensuremath{\le}10$ electrons on a sphere, energies differ from the exact ground-state energy by less than 0.3%. For even $p$, such as $\ensuremath{\nu}=\frac{2}{5}$, the trial wave function may be regarded as a microscopic realization of the condensed quasiparticle state postulated in hierarchical schemes.
COSTIMULATORY PATHWAYS ARE ACTIVE IN XENOGENEIC IMMUNE RESPONSES. (1998)

36 Costimulatory blockade has been shown in this and other laboratories to prevent allograft rejection. Recent advances in the control of the innate humoral response to discordant xenografts have focused attention on potential means of preventing subsequent cellular and acquired humoral reactivity. A variety of costimulatory pathway blockers have been tested in mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) for their ability to prevent human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) activation when stimulated by irradiated porcine splenocytes. The results indicate that human CTLA4-Ig is capable of attenuating the xenoreactive PBMC proliferation by 60%, anti-human CD40L (5C8) by 52%, anti-human CD80 (1F1) by 13%, and anti-human CD86 (3D1) by 28%. Furthermore, combinations of these reagents proves to have synergistic effects. The combination of hCTLA4-Ig/5C8 attenuates the response by 76% and the 1F1/3D1/5C8 combination 72%. Consistent with this observation, LPS stimulated porcine splenocytes have been shown by flow cytometry to specifically bind hCTLA4-Ig, 1F1, and 3D1. A panel of 12 anti-human CD80 and CD86 antibodies have been screened with only 1F1 and 3D1 exhibiting cross reactivity to pig. In addition, using irradiated human PBMCs as stimulators and porcine PBMC's as the responding cells revealed that the combination of 5C8 and hCTLA4-Ig is also capable of blocking pig cell proliferation. It would thus appear that costimulatory ligands are sufficiently homologous, such that they support cross species ligand/receptor interaction which is important in the xenoreactive response between human and porcine cells. Preliminary evidence also suggests that blockade of CD86 on the porcine microvascular endothelial cell (PMVEC) inhibits their killing by human NK cells. This is consistent with the constitutive expression of CD86 on PMVEC's that we have observed. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that CD86 is upregulated by exposure to human T and NK cell and human T cell conditioned media. We conclude that costimulatory molecules play an important role in cellular xenoreactivity and that the same reagents used to prevent allograft rejection may function in the prevention of xenograft rejection. These results and the known effects of 5C8 on isotype switching and maturation of acquired humoral responses suggests efficacy of these reagents in modulating both the humoral and cellular immune response. We are now in the process of initiating these studies in a pig to primate model.
Persistent Hole Burning Study of Core Antenna of Photosystem II (1991)

The application of hole burning spectroscopy (HB) in the study of photosynthetic systems offers an independent method for determining excited state lifetimes of particular chromophores. The rate constants of excitation energy transfer (EET) in photosynthetic antennae can be directly determined by time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. For most bacterial and higher plants antennae is of the order of 10 -12 s –1 [1]. Efficient EET in pigment-protein complexes causes significant shortening (three orders of magnitude) of the excited state lifetimes T 1 in comparison with isolated pigments.
A COMPRESSION SCHEME FOR EFFICIENT REMOTE STREAMING OF DYNAMIC 3D CONTENT (2010)

Real-time 3D content distribution over a network (either LAN or WAN) requires facing several challenges, most notably the handling of the large amount of data usually associated with 3D meshes. The scope of the present paper falls within the well-established context of real-time capture and streaming of OpenGL command sequences, focusing in particular on data compression schemes. However, we advance beyond the state-of-the-art improving over previous attempts of “in-frame” geometric compression on 3D structures inferred from generic OpenGL command sequences and adding “inter-frame” redundancy exploitation of the traffic generated by the typical architecture of interactive applications.
Confidence Interval Estimation for Oscillometric Blood Pressure Measurements Using Bootstrap Approaches (2011)

Although estimation of average blood pressure is commonly done with oscillometric measurements, confidence intervals (CIs) for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) are not usually estimated. This paper adopts bootstrap methodologies to build CI from a small sample set of measurements, which is a situation commonly encountered in practice. Three bootstrap methodologies, namely, nonparametric percentile bootstrap, standard bootstrap, and bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap are investigated. A two-step methodology is proposed based on pseudomeasurements using bootstrap principles to first derive the pseudomaximum amplitudes and then the pseudoenvelopes (PEs). The SBP and DBP are estimated using the new relationships between mean cuff pressure and PE and then the CIs for such estimates are obtained. In order to reduce the amount of processing, a single-step methodology that directly derives PE using bootstrap principles is also presented. Application of the proposed methodology on an experimental data set of 85 patients with five sets of measurements for each patient has yielded a narrower CI than the currently available conventional methods such as Student's <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</i> -distribution method.