gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of flexural and extensional excitation modes on the transmission spectrum of phononic crystals operating at gigahertz frequencies (2013)

Phononic crystals (PnCs) are a class of materials that are capable of manipulating elastodynamic waves. Much of the research on PnCs, both theoretical and experimental, focus on studying the transmission spectrum of PnCs in an effort to characterize and engineer their phononic band gaps. Although most studies have shown acceptable agreement between the theoretical and experimental bandgaps, perfect matches are elusive. A framework is presented wherein two and three dimensional harmonic finite element analyses are utilized to study their mechanical behavior for the purpose of more accurately predicting the spectral properties of PnCs. Discussions on a Harmonic Finite Elements Analysis formulation of a perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary and how reflections from absorbing boundaries can be inferred via standing wave ratios are provided. Comparisons between 2D and 3D analyses are presented that show the less computationally intensive 2D models are equally accurate under certain conditions. Finally, it is shown that a surface excitation boundary condition in a 3D model can significantly improve understanding of the experimental results for PnCs excited by surface mounted excitation sources.
Recent advances in high-gain photorefractive polymers (1998)

Summary form only given. This talk focuses on the development and characterization of new high-gain photorefractive polymers, with emphasis on a particular stable composite composed of the photoconductor poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK), the charge generator C/sub 60/, the nonlinear optical chromophore 4-piperidinobenzylidene malononitrile (PDCST), and the liquid plasticizer butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP). The optical properties of this material, denoted PVK:PDCST:BBP:C/sub 60/, have been reported recently, and the material has been shown to exhibit a high two-beam coupling gain coefficient, fast response time, over-modulation of diffraction efficiency, high sensitivity, and high stability. Using such high-gain coefficients, we believe we have recently observed amplified scattering (beam fanning) in a photorefractive polymer for the first time.
Colorimetric Determination of Diethylstilbestrol (1942)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTColorimetric Determination of DiethylstilbestrolManuel Tubis and Albert BloomCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1942, 14, 4, 309Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1942Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1942https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i560104a010https://doi.org/10.1021/i560104a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views41Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Laser-Induced Chemistry within Clusters (1996)

Clusters comprise an interesting environment for the study of chemical reactions. Binary cluster complexes can be produced which combine a variety of potential reactant partners in various proportions in an intimate, yet controlled arrangement. Molecules or ions within such a cluster (i.e. solvated) have properties which are intermediate between those of isolated species and of species in solution or in bulk. Furthermore as the cluster size increases their properties may smoothly change until the condensed-phase regime is reached. But, since clusters are generated and interrogated in the gas phase, powerful techniques such as mass spectrometry may be used for characterization. Such clusters may then represent model environments which simulate real world situations such as aerosols or cells. Similarly, the chemistry of such clusters may also differ in significant ways from that of the isolated species.
Lecithinization of IL-6 Enhances Its Thrombopoietic Activity in Mice (1997)

This study was conducted to assess the merit of lecithinization of recombinant human interleukin-6 (IL-6) as a drug delivery system. IL-6 was lecithinized by covalently binding it with a phosphatidylcholine (lecithin, PC) derivative. The in-vivo thrombopoietic potency of lecithinized IL-6 (PC-IL-6) was greater than that of native IL-6 when administered subcutaneously, although the in-vitro bioactivity of PC-IL-6 was markedly reduced by lecithinization. When PC-IL-6 and native IL-6 were given in doses that produced the same level of thrombopoietic activity, the former stimulated less production of IgG1, a marker of the adverse effects of IL-6, than did the latter. Furthermore, PC-IL-6 persisted in the blood longer than native IL-6. Based on the above, PC-IL-6 appears to be useful as a drug delivery system and may also be useful in the treatment of drug-induced thrombocytopenia.
Three-dimensional light microscopy for the analysis of chromosome organization in <i>Drosophila</i> embryo (1991)

We are interested in the three-dimensional physical relationships among chromosomes in mitotically active nuclei. Using high-resolution, three-dimensional optical sectioning microscopy incorporating a charge-coupled device (CCD), we have analyzed the spatial arrangements of chromosomes in nuclei from Drosophila melanogaster embryos. During early stages of nuclear division, these embryos exist as syncytial blastoderms, with up to 5000 nuclei forming a single layer near the embryo's surface and dividing essentially synchronously. This greatly facilitates the analysis of chromosome organization because of the simple monolayer arrangement of nuclear structures at defined mitotic stages. From prophase to anaphase, three-dimensional paths of condensed chromosomes stained with a DNA-specific fluorescent dye can be traced using an interactive computer program. We have used this method to ask the specific biological question of whether pairs of homologous chromosomes have a consistent, ordered arrangement in diploid nuclei. Our results have shown that homologous chromosomes are not associated with each other from prophase to anaphase in syncytial blastoderm stage embryos.
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester suppresses melanoma tumor growth by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/XIAP pathway (2013)

Melanoma is highly metastatic and resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs. Our previous studies have demonstrated that caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) suppresses the growth of melanoma cells and induces reactive oxygen species generation. However, the exact mechanism of the growth suppressive effects of CAPE was not clear. Here, we determined the potential mechanism of CAPE against melanoma in vivo and in vitro. Administration of 10 mg/kg/day CAPE substantially suppressed the growth of B16F0 tumor xenografts in C57BL/6 mice. Tumors from CAPE-treated mice showed reduced phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, AKT, mammalian target of rapamycin and protein level of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) and enhanced the cleavage of caspase-3 and poly (ADP ribose) polymerase. In order to confirm the in vivo observations, melanoma cells were treated with CAPE. CAPE treatment suppressed the activating phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase at Tyr 458, phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 at Ser 241, mammalian target of rapamycin at Ser 2448 and AKT at Ser 473 in B16F0 and SK-MEL-28 cells in a concentration and time-dependent study. Furthermore, the expression of XIAP, survivin and BCL-2 was downregulated by CAPE treatment in both cell lines. Significant apoptosis was observed by CAPE treatment as indicated by cleavage of caspase-3 and poly (ADP ribose) polymerase. AKT kinase activity was inhibited by CAPE in a concentration-dependent manner. CAPE treatment increased the nuclear translocation of XIAP, indicating increased apoptosis in melanoma cells. To confirm the involvement of reactive oxygen species in the inhibition of AKT/XIAP pathway, cells were treated with antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) prior to CAPE treatment. Our results indicate that NAC blocked CAPE-mediated AKT/XIAP inhibition and protected the cells from apoptosis. Because AKT regulates XIAP, their interaction was examined by immunoprecipitation studies. Our results show that CAPE treatment decreased the interaction of AKT with XIAP. To establish the involvement of AKT in the apoptosis-inducing effects of CAPE, cells were transfected with AKT. Our results revealed that AKT overexpression attenuated the decrease in XIAP and significantly blocked CAPE-mediated apoptosis. Similarly, overexpression of XIAP further decreased CAPE-induced apoptosis. Taken together, our results suggest that CAPE suppresses phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT/XIAP pathway leading to apoptosis in melanoma tumor cells in vitro and in vivo.
SEQUENCE DIVERSITY OF AMMONIUM TRANSPORTER GENES IN CULTURED AND NATURAL SPECIES OF MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON (2014)

The sequence database of ammonium transporter (Amt1) genes in eukaryotic phytoplankton was expanded by obtaining new sequences from cultured strains and natural populations collected in the East China Sea (ECS). From unialgal cultures, 6 new Amt1 sequences belonging to the Bacillariophyceae, Dinophyceae, and Prasinophyceae were obtained. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that AMT1s of higher plants were most closely related to those in green algae. In addition, haptophyte and diatom AMT1s formed distinct monophyletic clades. Diatom AMT1s were further divided into 3 orthologous subclasses, and active gene duplications were observed in subclass III. As for mixed-species sequencing using ECS samples, 78 sequences homologous to Amt1 were retrieved, and diatom AMT1s were the dominant group. Our results indicated that eukaryotic phytoplankton Amt1 genes can be cloned at both the DNA and the RNA levels in marine environments, and this information on Amt1 diversity will be useful for quantifying Amt1 expression in the ocean.
Effect of Macrolide Prophylactic Therapy on AIDS-Defining Conditions and HIV-Associated Mortality (2018)

Macrolide prophylaxis is associated with improved survival among Asian HIV-infected patients with low CD4 cell counts and on ART. This study suggests the increased usage and coverage of macrolide prophylaxis among people living with HIV in Asia.
Role of T lymphocytes cytokines in the intestinal mucosa integrity and desequilibrum in a inflammatory process (coeliac disease) and in a infection process (HIV infection) (1998)

Doctorat en sciences médicales
Application of a PercSys accordion stone management device during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (2011)

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous nephrolitholomy with a PercSys accordion stone management device in the treatment of renal calculi. Methods The data of 108 patients with renal calculi who underwent PCNL were retrospectively analyzed. Outcomes of 56 patients who underwent PCNL with the PercSys accordion device （group A） were compared with the outcomes of 52 patients who underwent PCNL without the accordion device （group B）. Clinical data including stone-free rate, operative time, estimated blood loss, length of hospital stay and complica tions were compared. Results The stone-free rates of group A and group B were 94. 6 % and 82.7%, operative time was 112 min and 142 min, the mean blood loss was 205 ml and 245 ml, respectively. The differences between the 2 groups were significant（P〈0.05）. The length of hospital stay was 2.8 d and 3.0 d, the complication rates were 16.1% and 15.4 %. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups for these 2 aspects（P〉0.05）. Conclusions The PercSys accordion device can be easily inserted and deployed during PCNL. It successfully prevents antegrade stone frag ment migration, increases the stone-free rate and reduces the operative time and blood loss.

Key words: 
Kidney calculi;  Nephrostomy, percutaneous;  Complications;  PercSys accor dion device
Manufacture and Application of High Nitrogen Steels (1995)

A high alloy content and new ways of manufacturing brought about high nitrogen steels (HNS) with 0.3 to 3% of nitrogen. Nitrogen in solid solution is used to improve the corrosion resistance of stainless steels, and stable nitride precipitates enhance the hot strength of hot work tool steels and creep resistant steels. A number of new HNS is used commercially, others are tested in different applications. This holds also true for martensitic or austenitic high nitrogen cases on stainless steels
MicroCast: Cooperative Video Streaming Using Cellular and Local Connections (2015)

We consider a group of mobile users, within proximity of each other, who are interested in watching the same online video. The common practice today is that each user downloads the video independently on her mobile device using her own cellular connection, which wastes access bandwidth and may also lead to poor video quality. We propose a novel cooperative system where each mobile device uses simultaneously two network interfaces: (i) cellular to connect to the video server and download parts of the video and (ii) WiFi to connect locally to all other devices in the group to exchange those parts. Devices cooperate to efficiently utilize all network resources and to adapt to varying wireless network conditions. In the local WiFi network, we exploit overhearing, which we further combine with network coding. The end result is savings in cellular bandwidth and improved user experience. We follow a complete approach, from theory to practice. First, we formulate the problem using a network utility maximization (NUM) framework, decompose the problem, and provide a distributed solution. Then, based on the structure of the NUM solution, we design a system called MicroCast, and we implement a prototype as an Android application. We provide both simulation results of the NUM solution and experimental evaluation. We demonstrate that the proposed approach brings significant performance benefits (namely, faster download on the order of the group size) without battery penalty.
Zirconocene-Based Catalysts for the Ethylene−Styrene Copolymerization:  Reactivity Ratios and Reaction Mechanism (1997)

A kinetic study of the ethylene-styrene copolymerization in the presence of rac-(ethylenebis-(1-indenyl)zirconium dichloride activated by MAO shows the peculiar behavior of this catalytic system that is known to produce crystalline nearly alternating copolymers. Some inferences on the monomer-metal interactions are made on the basis of this study. The parallel investigation on the catalyst based on isopropylidene(1-cyclopentadienyl)(9-fluorenyl)zirconium dichloride allows us to produce a stereoregular nearly alternating ethylene-styrene copolymer also with this catalytic system. The same main tacticity seems to characterize the copolymers obtained with the C2 and Cs symmetric catalysts in accordance with the generally accepted mechanism of stereocontrol in the 1-alkene polymerizations.
The Direct C–H Difluoromethylation of Heteroarenes Based on the Photolysis of Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents That Contain Difluoroacetoxy Ligands (2017)

In this letter, an efficient method for the photolytic generation of difluoromethyl radicals from [bis(difluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene reagents is described. The present approach enables the introduction of difluoromethyl groups into various heteroarenes under mild conditions in the absence of any additional reagents or catalysts.
Directional Detector of Gamma Ray Sources (1996)

This work describes the design, development, and characterization of an ionization chamber to detect and locate gamma ray sources with intensities down to 100 mu Gy h(-1). The results show that sources of x ray and gamma radiation in the energy range of 14 to 1,250 keV can be located. The directional sensitivity of this type of monitor is dependent on several parameters, such as photon energy, intensity, and the degree of complexity in terms of the number and type of sources in a contaminated area. An application important to the Army is to identify hotspots in a contaminated area and thereby indicate to personnel safer paths around them. Another possible use for this type of monitor may be in security applications in the prevention of shipping or storing clandestine sources.
Uptake of New Lipid-coated Nanoparticles Containing Falcarindiol by Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2019)

Nanoparticles are the focus of an increased interest in drug delivery systems for cancer therapy. Lipid-coated nanoparticles are inspired in structure and size by low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) because cancer cells have an increased need for cholesterol to proliferate, and this has been exploited as a mechanism for delivering anticancer drugs to cancer cells. Moreover, depending on drug chemistry, encapsulating the drug can be advantageous to avoid degradation of the drug during circulation in vivo. Therefore, in this study, this design is used to fabricate lipid-coated nanoparticles of the anticancer drug falcarindiol, providing a potential new delivery system of falcarindiol in order to stabilize its chemical structure against degradation and improve its uptake by tumors. Falcarindiol nanoparticles, with a phospholipid and cholesterol monolayer encapsulating the purified drug core of the particle, were designed. The lipid monolayer coating consists of 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC), cholesterol (Chol), and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DSPE PEG 2000) along with the fluorescent label DiI (molar ratios of 43:50:5:2). The nanoparticles are fabricated using the rapid injection method, which is a fast and simple technique to precipitate nanoparticles by good-solvent for anti-solvent exchange. It consists of a rapid injection of an ethanol solution containing the nanoparticle components into an aqueous phase. The size of the fluorescent nanoparticles is measured using dynamic light scattering (DLS) at 74.1 ± 6.7 nm. The uptake of the nanoparticles is tested in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and imaged using fluorescence and confocal microscopy. The uptake of the nanoparticles is observed in hMSCs, suggesting the potential for such a stable drug delivery system for falcarindiol.
Isolated Cardiac Muscle Assays (1998)

Abstract Isolated cardiac muscle is one of the major tissues used in pharmacological research. It is compact, easily prepared, and functions as a syncytium yielding rapid responses to a variety of agents. Described in this unit are methods of preparing and handling isolated cardiac muscle, a preparation rich in autonomic receptors.
Signal Inhibitory Receptor on Leukocytes-1 Is a Novel Functional Inhibitory Immune Receptor Expressed on Human Phagocytes (2010)

Myeloid cells play a crucial role in controlling infection. Activation of these cells needs to be tightly regulated, because their potent effector functions can damage host tissue. Inhibitory receptors expressed by immune cells play an important role in restricting immune cell activation. In this study, we have characterized a hitherto unidentified ITIM-bearing receptor that is highly expressed on human neutrophils and monocytes: signal inhibitory receptor on leukocytes-1 (SIRL-1). The chromosomal location of SIRL-1 is adjacent to the human leukocyte receptor complex on chromosome 19q13.4 and contains two ITIMs in its cytoplasmic tail. As a classical ITIM-bearing receptor, SIRL-1 is capable of inhibiting FcepsilonRI-mediated signaling and can recruit the Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatases Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatases 1 and 2. To investigate the specific involvement of the individual ITIMs in this study, mutational analysis was performed, which revealed that both ITIMs are crucial for SIRL-1 inhibitory function and phosphatase recruitment. When primary cells were stimulated in vitro, SIRL-1(high) monocytes produce less TNF-alpha than SIRL-1(low) monocytes. Thus, SIRL-1 is a novel inhibitory immune receptor belonging to the growing family of ITIM-bearing receptors that is implied in the regulation of phagocytes.
Ultrastructural changes of enamel and dentin following Er:YAG laser radiation on teeth (1990)

Polarisation microscopic and SEM investigations of the ejected material following Er:YAG laser radiation on teeth were performed. Depending on the radiant energy different textural structures of material are found. At radiant energies exceeding 50 mJ a melt with crystalline microparticles on the surface can be seen. Supporting our previous hypothesis of the ablation process, now it can be stated, that first the evaporation process will start and with a little time delay some microexplosions with ejecting crystalline material will take place. This is in conformity with X-ray diffractometric investigations. For CO2 laser ablation only a melting deposit was found.
Hormesis-Based Anti-Aging Products: A Case Study of a Novel Cosmetic (2012)

Application of hormesis in aging research and interventions is becoming increasingly attractive and successful. The reason for this is the realization that mild stress-induced activation of one or more stress response (SR) pathways, and its consequent stimulation of repair mechanisms, is effective in reducing the age-related accumulation of molecular damage. For example, repeated heat stress-induced synthesis of heat shock proteins has been shown to have a variety of anti-aging effects on growth and other cellular and biochemical characteristics of normal human skin fibroblasts, keratinocytes and endothelial cells undergoing aging in vitro. Therefore, searching for potential hormetins - conditions and compounds eliciting SR-mediated hormesis - is drawing attention of not only the researchers but also the industry involved in developing healthcare products, including nutriceuticals, functional foods and cosmeceuticals. Here we present the example of a skin care cosmetic as one of the first successful product developments incorporating the ideas of hormesis. This was based on the studies to analyse the molecular effects of active ingredients extracted from the roots of the Chinese herb Sanchi (Panax notoginseng) on gene expression at the level of mRNAs and proteins in human skin cells. The results showed that the ginsenosides extracted from Sanchi induced the transcription of stress genes and increased the synthesis of stress proteins, especially the heat shock protein HSP1A1 or Hsp70, in normal human keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore, this extract also has significant positive effects against facial wrinkles and other symptoms of facial skin aging as tested clinically, which may be due to its hormetic mode of action by stress-induced synthesis of chaperones involved in protein repair and removal of abnormal proteins. Acceptance of such a hormesis-based product by the wider public could be instrumental in the social recognition of the concept of hormesis as the beneficial effects of mild stress of choice, and will encourage the development of novel health care products with physical, nutritional and mental hormetins.
Parallel processor for optimization and estimation problems: algorithms (1988)

The simulated annealing algorithm is a generalized optimization algorithm suitable for the reconstruction of images from data obtained through coded aperture projections. The best estimate of an unknown object is the estimate that minimizes an energy function derived from the known and inferred properties of the original object and the process.