gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Use of Inhibitors for Aluminum Chemical Equipment (1943)

A classification of inhibitors according to their effectiveness and their influence on the intensity and area attacked is given. The electrochemical behavior of inhibitors is discussed and the factors that cause an inhibitor to be safe or dangerous are outlined. A series of laboratory tests to determine the effectiveness of various chemicals as inhibitors of the attack of aluminum and the aluminum‐base alloys in acid, alkaline and neutral solutions are described. Organic substances such as soluble oils, alkaloids and organic sulfur compounds proved to be effective inhibitors in hydrochloric acid. Chromates, soluble oils and commercial wetting agents appeared to be the best in phosphoric acid. No highly effective inhibitors for sulfuric acid were found. In alkaline solutions, the silicates were the most promising inhibitors. Chromates and soluble oils were the most effective inhibitors found for nearly neutral solutions. However, even these substances were not effective for preventing galvanic attack by waters containing appreciable concentrations of chlorides. Service applications of inhibitors for protecting aluminum chemical equipment are described, particular attention being given to the inhibiting action of an alcoholic cooling fluid.
A comparison of bladder neck movement and elevation after tension‐free vaginal tape and colposuspension (2000)

Both tension-free vaginal tape and colposuspension decrease bladder neck angles at rest and valsalva, linear movement on valsalva and elevate the bladder neck. The colposuspension causes significantly more change than the tension-free vaginal tape. This suggests the mechanism of continence for the tension-free vaginal tape is less dependent on bladder neck change than the colposuspension.
Seroepidemiology Of Hepatitis A In The United States (1995)

The seroepidemiology of hepatitis A depends on the biologic features of the agent. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is shed in the stool, and infectivity titers are significantly higher for stool than for other body materials. As a consequence, the predominant mode of spread is through fecal-oral routes. Common-source vectors include contaminated foods, water, and bivalve mollusks. Risk factors include contact with a person with hepatitis A, attendance or employment at a day care center, recent international travel, exposure to infected food or water during an outbreak, homosexual activity, and injecting drug use. No known risk factors are identified in many cases. Almost 40% of individuals in the United States are seropositive for prior HAV infection, and rates increase with age, perhaps reflecting an aging cohort of persons infected in earlier times when the infection was more common. Not unexpectedly, this decrease in current infection rates has increased the number of susceptible persons.
Structural and optical properties of epitaxial BaTiO3 thin films grown on GdScO3(110) (2003)

We have prepared 1-μm-thick epitaxial BaTiO3 thin films on GdScO3(110) using pulsed laser deposition. The structural perfection of the films was revealed by a rocking curve width of Δω=0.13° for the 002 BaTiO3 reflection and a Rutherford backscattering spectrometry/channeling minimum yield, χmin, of 0.5% measured for the Ba signal behind the surface peak. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed an epitaxial relationship between BaTiO3 and GdScO3 and a sharp interface between the substrate and the film. The refractive index of the BaTiO3 film was no=2.329±0.002 and ne=2.307±0.002 at a wavelength of 632.8 nm and no=2.248±0.002 and ne=2.228±0.002 at a wavelength of 1523 nm. The optical losses were less than 2 dB/cm at a wavelength of 632.8 nm.
Strategies for wafer-scale hot embossing lithography (2001)

We summarize flow and filling effects detected during hot embossing lithography (HEL), which reflect the visco-elastic properties of the polymers as well as the specific processing conditions and stamp pattern configurations. In particular a delayed elastic recovery is reported, which is found in larger elevated stamp regions. The consequences of these effects for mask definition by HEL are discussed, and strategies for wafer-scale imprint are de-duced. Successful imprint of 4' wafer is demonstrated under adequate processing conditions.
PLANAR METAMATERIALS SUPPORTING MULTIPLE LEFT-HANDED MODES (2006)

Planar metamaterials with spiral elements are suggested in this paper to support multiple left-handed (LH) modes. Compared with previously proposed split-loop metamaterial, spiral arrays are found to support hybrid TE and TM LH modes. Dispersion diagrams and field distributions are carried out to demonstrate the existence of the hybrid LH modes. Array with double-spiral elements can be viewed as a spiral split-loop array, which leads a very interesting dual-LH-band feature. It can be explained as a combination of spiral and split-ring arrays has similar mechanism with the multiband frequency selective surfaces (FSS), which have multiple resonators in a single unit cell. The two LH modes are TE and TM modes respectively. Validations of the multiple LH modes are presented by means of full-wave simulation using commercial software (Ansoft HFSS).
Isolation and ultrastructural localization of a soluble protein from <i>Ophiostoma ulmi</i> (1990)

Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to identify and isolate a soluble polypeptide, the QP1 protein, which is characteristic of the vegetative hyphae of nonaggressive isolate Q412 of Ophiostoma ulmi. Individual QP1 spots were excised from 16 two-dimensional gels. Polypeptides were eluted from the gel spots by electroelution and lyophilized. The protein was injected into rabbits for the production of polyclonal antibodies. Antiserum specificity was tested by transferring polypeptides from a two-dimensional gel onto nitrocellulose and treating with QP1 serum. The resulting immunoblot contained a single spot that corresponded in shape and location to that of the QP1 polypeptide. Thin sections of fungal mycelia, from nonaggressive isolate Q412 and the aggressive isolate VA of O. ulmi, were treated with QP1 antibodies and protein A – gold. The gold label was localized in thin sections over conidial and hyphal cell walls of the nonaggressive isolate. The aggressive isolate was nonreactive. Mycelia from nonaggressive isolates Q412 and Q311 and aggressive isolates VA and CESS16K of O. ulmi were grown on solid medium, treated with QP1 antibodies, labelled with protein A – gold, and prepared for scanning electron microscopy. The gold-labelled QP1 polypeptide was detected on the leading edge of a small number of hyphae from nonaggressive isolates Q412 and Q311. Key words: immunogold labelling, Ophiostoma ulmi, soluble proteins.
Chapter 1. Introduction (1996)

G. A. Webb, Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem., Sect. C: Phys. Chem., 1996, 93, 1 DOI: 10.1039/PC9969300001
Studies in pancreatic function. IV. The use of the secretin test in the diagnosis of tumors in and about the pancreas. (1951)

Summary Norms have been established for the volume, bicarbonate, and amylase responses to a standardized commercially available preparation of secretin. A study of the data has yielded evidence for the use of an 80-minute collection period and for the inclusion of enzyme determinations in the clinical application of the procedure. Body weight adjustment of the values for total volume of secretion and total quantity of amylase results in a marked decrease in the scatter of the data, and therefore, narrowing of the range of normalcy. For this reason, volume and enzyme data should be reduced to a per kilogram basis.
The expression of PML in chronic myeloid leukemia and effect on cell proliferation (2013)

Objective
To investigate whether PML is expressed differently in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients and healthy controls,then explore the effect of PML on proliferation in leukemia cell lines K562.


Methods
Real-time PCR was used to detect the PML expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 30 chronic myeloid leukemia patients and 24 healthy controls.Plasmids containing full length PML were constructed and transfected into K562 cell line to screen clones stably expressing PML,the clones stably expressing empty vector as a control.MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to detect the effect of PML on K562 cell proliferation and cell cycle.Furthermore,RT-PCR and western blot were used to detect c-myc and p27kip1 (p27) mRNA and protein expression.Lastly,the mRNA levels of c-myc and p27 were detected in CML patients and healthy controls.


Results
The mRNA level of PML in CML patients (ΔCt=9.02±0.74) was significantly lower than the healthy controls (ΔCt=7.91±0.34) and the difference was statistically significant (t=5.07,P<0.001).PML over-expression could inhibit the proliferation of K562 cells obviously and cause G0/G1 cell cycle arrest.In addition,c-myc mRNA and protein expression decreased while p27 mRNA and protein expression increased in K562 cells with stably expressed PML compared with vector control.The mRNA level of c-myc in CML patients (ΔCt=7.13±0.43) was significantly higher than the healthy controls (ΔCt=9.35±0.82) and the difference was statistically significant (t=6.78,P<0.001),while the m RNA level of p27 in CML patients (ΔCt=4.56±0.58) was significantly lower than the healthy controls (ΔCt=3.29±0.92) and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.93,P<0.01).


Conclusions
PML protein is expressed highly in healthy controls,whereas its expression is declined significantly in chronic myeloid leukemia patients.PML may inhibit leukemia cell proliferation through regulating c-myc and p27 expression. (Chin J Lab Med,2013,36:395-399) 


Key words: 
Nuclear proteins; Transcription factors; Tumor suppressor proteins; Leukemia; myelogenous; chronic; BCR-ABL prositive; Cell proliferation
Cryopreservation of mouse, monkey and human islets of Langerhans for transplantation purposes. (1987)

Transplantation of islets of Langerhans is a possible future therapy for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In contrast to total pancreas, isolated islets of Langerhans can be treated prior to transplantation to reduce their immunogenicity. Thus the success rate in allotransplantation of islets can be increased. The isolation of large amounts of islets from human pancreas is still a problem and islets from different donors have to be collected and stored by cryopreservation. In this paper we describe the methods used in our laboratory to isolate islets of Langerhans from rodent, monkey and human pancreas. The results are presented of successful cryopreservation of these islets. Firstly, by a more conventional freezing method using dimethylsulfoxide as cryoprotectant. Secondly, by vitrification using a mixture of cryoprotectants. The latter method has not been used previously for cryopreservation of islets. The integrity of the islets before and after freezing was tested in vitro and, for mice, in vivo.
Myringoplasty (2006)

There is marked diversity in the reported success rates for achieving an intact tympanic membrane following myringoplasty. Controversy exists about the factors thought to influence surgical outcome. Both of these facts have important implications for obtaining informed consent prior to surgery. This study reviews the factors thought to determine the likelihood of achieving complete closure of the tympanic membrane following surgical closure.
Oligophosphan-Liganden, X II [1] Pseudohalogeno- und Halogenohydridoeisen(II)-Komplexe des tripodal-tetratertiären Phosphanliganden P(CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>PMe<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub> / Oligophosphine Ligands, X II [1] Pseudohalo and Halohydro Complexes of Iron (II) Containing the Tripod Tetratertiary Phosphine Ligand P(CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>PMe<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (1985)

The iron(II) complexes FeX 2 [P(CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 PMe 2 ) 3 ] with X = CN (4), N 3 (5). and NCS (6) have been prepared by metathetical reaction of FeCl 2 [P(CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 PMe 2 ) 3 ] (1) with the corresponding sodium pseudohalide. Treatment of the dihalo compounds FeX 2 [P(CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 PMe 2 ) 3 ] (X 2 = Cl 2 (1). Br 2 (2), I 2 (3)) with LiAlH 4 gave the halohydro derivatives FeHX[P(CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 PMe 2 ) 3 ], where HX = HCl (7). HBr (8). and HI (9). Consistent with a cis-octahedral coordination geometry, the 31 P NMR spectra of 1−9 exhibit AMX 2 type splitting. The halohydro complexes 7−9 have also been studied by IR and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. 57 Fe Möβbauer data have been collected for compounds 1, 4, and 5.
Infrared Thermography and its Applications: A Review (2018)

Thermal imaging camera is a device which is used to detect infrared radiations emitted from an object to give a thermal profile of the scene. This device was initially used for surveillance purpose and as night vision camera. With the advancement in technology, there are significant additions to camera capabilities and prices has decreased. Therefore, infrared thermography (IRT) has grown to become very popular and widely accepted tool as it enables temperature measurement in real time. IRT is very convenient, fast, reliable, non-contact and cost-effective method which can be practiced for condition monitoring as well as for preventive and predictive maintenance in different areas such as electrical stations, buildings surveys, mechanical components and equipments. This survey presents a review of the advancement in IRT cameras and its applications in various fields. The basics of IRT and thermal radiation are discussed in details.
Promoter hypermethylation of DNA repair genes MLH1 and MSH2 in adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the lung (2013)

Five years survival of lung cancer is 16%, significantly lower than in prostate (99.9%), breast (88.5%) and colon (64.1%) carcinomas. When diagnosed in the surgical stage it increases to 50% but this group only comprises 14-16% of the cases. DNA methylation has emerged as a potential cancer-specific biomarker. Hypermethylation of CpG islands located in the promoter regions of tumour suppressor genes is now firmly established as an important mechanism for gene inactivation. This retrospective study included 40 squamous cell carcinomas and 40 adenocarcinomas in various surgical TNM stages to define methylation profile and possible silencing of DNA repair genes - MLH1 and MSH2 - using Methylation-Specific PCR and protein expression by immunohistochemistry in tumoural tissue, preneoplastic lesions and respiratory epithelium with normal histological features. The protein expression of MLH1 and MSH2 genes, in the available preneoplastic lesions and in normal cylindrical respiratory epithelium appeared reduced. The frequency of promoter hypermethylation found on these DNA repair genes was elevated, with a higher prevalence of methylation of MLH1 gene in 72% of squamous cell carcinoma. The differences are not so obvious for MSH2 promoter hypermethylation. No correlation was found among the status of methylation, the protein expression and the clinicopathological characteristics. With a larger study, a better characterization of the hypermethylation status of neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions in small biopsies would be achieved, inherent to tumour histology, heterogeneity and preservation, and finally differences in the study population to elucidate other possible mechanisms of altered expression of the hMLH1 and hMSH.
Reliability of the Diabetes Fear of Injecting and Self-Testing Questionnaire in Pediatric Patients With Type 1 Diabetes (2007)

The Diabetes Fear of Injecting and Self-Testing Questionnaire (D-FISQ) has been validated in the adult population (1–4), but there is no reliable tool to assess needle fear in the pediatric population with type 1 diabetes. Our objectives were to demonstrate the reliability of the D-FISQ in the pediatric type 1 diabetic population, to evaluate the prevalence of needle fear, and to determine the ability of medical care providers to identify needle fear.

Patients aged 2–21 years with type 1 diabetes were eligible to participate if they had a diabetes duration of >1 month, took insulin by injection, and were English speaking. Exclusion criteria included being a ward of the state, using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy, and not having a parent/legal guardian present. Potential subjects were approached by study personnel at regularly scheduled clinic visits, and consent was obtained. The study was approved by the institutional review board.

The D-FISQ was administered to each subject and his/her parent or guardian. The D-FISQ is a 30-item self-report questionnaire consisting of two subscales that measure fear of self-injecting (FSI) and fear of self-testing (FST), the latter measuring fear of blood glucose testing (1). The D-FISQ was administered to each parent and each child as follows. If the child self-administered his/her own injections and/or …
Power-component definitions and measurements for a harmonic-polluted power circuit (1991)

The conventional definition for power-component calculation becomes contentious under nonsinusoidal conditions. In the paper, a definition for power-component calculation, based on the viewpoint of harmonic source and harmonic administration, is presented after the survey of the power-component definitions proposed. In addition, the principles of electro-dynamometer-type meters and digital meters for power-component measurement are discussed, and the performances of these meters are estimated by practical measurement of power components on a simulated harmonic-polluted power circuit. Both the measuring results and the instrumenting principles illustrate that the conventional power-factor meter and the reactive-power meter are sensitive to the voltage and the current harmonics, so they cannot be used under all harmonic-polluted conditions. But the digital meters, especially the microcomputer-based instrument system, are not influenced by the effect of the harmonics within the range of their frequency responses. Therefore they are very suitable to measure the power component, even under the harmonic-polluted conditions.
Statistics for Nuclear and Particle Physicists (1986)

This book, written by a non-statistician for non-statisticians, emphasises the practical approach to those problems in statistics that arise regularly in data analysis situations in nuclear and high-energy physics experiments. Rather than concentrating on formal proofs of theorems, an abundant use of simple examples illustrates the general ideas that are presented, showing the reader how to obtain the maximum information from the data in the simplest manner. Possible difficulties with the various techniques, and pitfalls to be avoided, are also discussed. Based on a series of lectures given by the author to both students and staff at Oxford, this common-sense approach to statistics will enable nuclear physicists to understand better how to do justice to their data in both analysis and interpretation. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
The Motion of a Contact Lens over the Eye During Blinking (1982)

A simple model is proposed for the motion of a hard contact lens over the surface of the eye during a blink. This is analyzed to estimate the initial motion of the lens as the eye opens, and the results obtained are compared with the experimental ones already available.
Ethephon-induced changes in accumulation of carotenoids in red pepper fruit [ Capsicum annuum L.] (1996)

The effect of ethephon applied at seedling on accumulation of carotenoid pigments in fruit of hot pepper Capsicum annuum L. var Bronowicka Ostra was studied. Ethephon was found to stimulate fruit maturation. The mass of ripe fruit from the second and third harvest increased by more than 44% on average compared to controls. Fruit from the third harvest had higher content of red pigment capsanthin (11% on average) and β-carotene (14%), and β-cryptoxanthin-provitamin A (18%) than control fruit. The increase in the level of these pigments was accompanied by a decrease in the amount of zeaxanthin and disappearance of neoxanthin. Supposedly ethephon regulates fruit maturation by stimulating carotenogenesis.
Ca/Mg-dependent endonuclease from porcine liver. Purification, properties, and sequence specificity. (1984)

A rapid and reproducible method for the purification of the Ca/Mg-endonuclease from porcine and rat liver and for the stabilization of the enzyme activity is presented. The optimum conditions for enzyme activity were determined. The enzyme degrades double-stranded DNA endonucleolytically. In the course of digestion of form I closed circular SV 40 DNA, the form II nicked circular DNA is the prominent intermediate product. Digestion of hen erythrocyte nuclei with added endonuclease produces a ladder of mono- and oligonucleosomal fragments similar to that generated by micrococcal nuclease digestion. Determination of the 5'-terminal nucleotides indicates the absence of a significant base specificity. Analyzing the cleavage pattern of end-labeled pBR322 restriction fragments on sequencing gels shows that the enzyme exhibits a weak preference for dinucleotides with A in the 5'-position; dinucleotides with 5%-C are less readily cleaved. Digestion of end-labeled pBR322 DNA, followed by electrophoresis in agarose gels produces a "smear"-like fragmentation pattern with weak superimposed bands, while micrococcal nuclease generates a different and much more distinct pattern. These data show that the sequence specificity of the enzyme is less pronounced than that of micrococcal nuclease and that the sites preferentially cleaved are not the same.
A Correlation for Longitudinal Heat Conduction Effects in Periodic-Flow Heat Exchangers (1975)

Technical Briefs A Correlation for Longitudinal Heat Conduction Effects in Periodic-Flow Heat Exchangers R. K. Shah R. K. Shah Harrison Radiator Division, General Motors Corp., Lockport, N. Y. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and Article Information R. K. Shah Harrison Radiator Division, General Motors Corp., Lockport, N. Y. J. Eng. Power. Jul 1975, 97(3): 453-454 (2 pages) https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3446030 Published Online: July 1, 1975 Article history Received: April 16, 1975 Online: July 14, 2010
Including object-oriented properties in the PLC's programming languages (2003)

The PLC programming is designed for a medium user of this equipment. Hence, object-oriented qualities can not be created in the same way established for higher languages like the C++, Java, Eiffel. However, they should fulfil the theoretical principles that govern them. In ALS 4.0 programming language a hierarchy of classes is set in three big trees which include the areas of application of this equipment. Its data and functions are encapsulated with three degrees of visibility (private, protected and public). The dynamic pass of types in execution time is allowed. Persistence is guaranteed outside the creation place and separated from ancestors using the macronets library. However, the whole normalized syntax of the structured languages of the IEC 61131-3 is almost kept. Only the use of object-oriented advantages adapted to the simple level of the standard PLC programming languages will permit the wide diffusion of their features among the PLC users. ALS 4.0 achieves this combination.
Le façonnage solutréen : des principes techniques aux savoir-faire originaux / Solutrean Shaping : From the Technical Principles to the Original Know-How (2013)

Walter Bertrand, Almeida Miguel, Aubry Thierry. Le façonnage solutréen : des principes techniques aux savoir-faire originaux / Solutrean Shaping : From the Technical Principles to the Original Know-How. In: Le Solutréen 40 ans après Smith’66. Tours : Fédération pour l'édition de la Revue archéologique du Centre de la France, 2013. pp. 135-142. (Supplément à la Revue archéologique du centre de la France, 47)