gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Qualitative and Quantitative Differences in the Cellular Responses Mediated Through Fas Antigen and Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor (1996)

Like tumor necrosis factor (TNF), antibodies against the Fas antigen (anti-Fas) are cytotoxic to some and induce proliferation of other Fas-expressing cells. In this study, we compared cellular responses mediated through TNF with anti-Fas using a T cell line (Jurkat) and a macrophage cell line (U-937). These two cell types differed in that the Jurkat cells expressed higher levels of Fas antigen than U-937 cells, whereas the latter expressed higher levels of the p80 form of the TNF receptor than Jurkat cells. Treatment for 72 h with anti-Fas inhibited the growth of both Jurkat and U-937 cells, the 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) being 10 and 100 ng/ml, respectively. Under similar conditions, the IC50 for TNF was > 100 and 0.8 ng/ml for Jurkat and U-937 cells, respectively. Like TNF, the cytotoxic effects of anti-Fas were potentiated by cycloheximide, showing they did not require protein synthesis. Interestingly, in the presence of cycloheximide, the kinetics of cell killing was more rapid for TNF than anti-Fas (50% inhibition occurred at 3 versus 6h). Treatment of both cell types with anti-Fas led to time-dependent DNA fragmentation, but TNF-induced DNA fragmentation occurred only in the presence of cycloheximide. Pretreatment of cells with TNF led to resistance to TNF but not to anti-Fas, suggesting that the receptors for the two are not cross-modulated. Furthermore, TNF activated the nuclear transcriptional factor NF-kappa B in both cell types, whereas anti-Fas had no effect. Overall, our results demonstrate that anti-Fas and TNF transduce over-lapping and nonoverlapping signals in macrophage-like and T cell lines through distinct pathways.
Accuracy of a CGM Sensor in Pediatric Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes. Comparison of Three Insertion Sites: Arm, Abdomen, and Gluteus (2017)

These results suggest that the accuracy of the sensor placed on the arm was not significantly different with respect to the two approved insertion sites (abdomen and gluteus). Larger, randomized trials are needed to draw final conclusions.
Comparative Study of Electron Counting and Conventional Analogue Detection of Secondary Electrons in SEM (1992)

Electron counting, a novel method of detecting electrons as particles, is concisely discussed. Then the superiority of the method, when applied to secondary electron detection in SEM, over conventional analogue detection, is experimentally investigated. Through comparative study of images obtained by the two methods, it is demonstrated that image quality, in terms of signal-to-noise ratio, image resolution and latitude of image contrast, is higher in the case of electron counting. Statistical fluctuation of the electron counting signal is also analyzed.
Efficient blue light-emitting diodes based on a classical “push–pull” architecture molecule 4,4′-di-(2-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl)-2,2′-bipyridine (2006)

A novel, highly blue luminescent molecule containing donor and acceptor groups, 4,4′-di-(2-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl)-2,2′-bipyridine, that shows photoluminescence emission at 450 nm with 43% quantum yield is designed and synthesized. Time dependent-DFT calculations show an excellent correlation between theoretical and experimental absorption spectra, thus allowing for a detailed description of the electronic structure and assignment of the main absorption features. An optimized organic light-emitting diode based on a 4,4′-di-(2-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl)-2,2′-bipyridine blue emitting layer, with a 4,4′,4″-tris(carbazol-9-yl)-triphenylamine) hole transporting layer, a 2,9-dimethyl-4.7-diphenyl-phenatroline hole blocking layer, and a tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminium electron transport layer exhibited 2.1% quantum efficiency.
Spatial Properties of Photophobia (2004)

The degree of spatial summation found for PP indicates that an increase of 1.0 log unit in field area results in an approximately 0.57-log-unit decrease in the radiance required to elicit PP. PP appears to serve the function of retinal photoprotection.
Chemical and physical consequences of 2p-3d overlap in o-anisylphosphines and o-anisylphosphonium salts (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical and physical consequences of 2p-3d overlap in o-anisylphosphines and o-anisylphosphonium saltsWilliam E. McEwen, Wen-I Shiau, Younn-Ing Yeh, Donald N. Schulz, Rolando U. Pagilagan, Jack B. Levy, Courtland Symmes Jr., Gregory O. Nelson, and Itshak GranothCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 7, 1787–1794Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00840a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00840a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views508Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A summary of the osteosarcoma banking efforts: A report from the Children's Oncology Group and the QuadW Foundation (2014)

These samples and in-silico data are available to the research community for basic and translational science projects to improve the biological understanding and treatment of patients affected by osteosarcoma.
Nano ZrO<sub>2</sub>&ndash;TiN composites with high strength and conductivity (2015)

Nano ZrO2–TiN (10–40 vol.%) composites were successfully fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1200°C under 80 MPa. The as-obtained composites remained nanosized grains of ZrO2 and TiN below 200 nm. The physical and mechanical properties of composites were systemically investigated. It was found that above 20 vol.% TiN the composites were electrically conductive. 30 and 40 vol.% TiN reinforced composites possessed the highest flexural strength of 1459.7 MPa and maximum electrical conductivity of 17081.7 S·m−1 respectively.
Comparing introduction to Europe of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses A(H5N8) in 2014 and A(H5N1) in 2005 (2014)

Since the beginning of November 2014, nine outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) A(H5N8) in poultry have been detected in four European countries. In this report, similarities and differences between the modes of introduction of HPAIV A(H5N1) and A(H5N8) into Europe are described. Experiences from outbreaks of A(H5N1) in Europe demonstrated that early detection to control HPAIV in poultry has proven pivotal to minimise the risk of zoonotic transmission and prevention of human cases.
Do antibodies recognize amino acid side chains of protein antigens independently of the carbon backbone? (1988)

In an effort to understand the structural basis for antigen mimicry by internal image antibodies, we determined the variable (V) region sequences of two mouse mAbs that mimic the rabbit Ig a1 allotype. The results showed that while the mAb light chains did not contain any allotype-related residues, both heavy chain V regions contained within complementarity-determining region 2 an unusual sequence homologous to the nominal antigen but in opposite orientation with respect to the carbon backbone. The ability of the internal image reversed sequence to express an a1-like determinant was tested directly by producing synthetic peptides that corresponded to the presumed antigenic regions of rabbit Ig and the mAb internal images, respectively. Although the two peptides presented the homologous residues in opposite orientations, they both completely inhibited at similar concentrations the binding of rabbit Ig to anti-a1 antibody. Conservative substitutions in the peptide sequence identified a paired Thr and Glu as being critical for expression of the a1 epitope. These findings indicate that antibodies can recognize the molecular environments created by amino acid side chains independently from the orientation of the protein carbon backbone.
Novel frequency-domain-based technique to detect stator interturn faults in induction machines using stator-induced voltages after switch-off (2002)

Traditionally, for medium- and high-voltage motors and generators, condition-based monitoring of stator faults is performed by measuring partial discharge activities. For low-voltage machines, negative-sequence impedance or currents are measured for the same. Such diagnostic schemes should be carefully implemented as supply voltage unbalance, manufacturing-related asymmetry, etc., also produce negative-sequence voltages. A few approaches based on motor current signature analysis have already been proposed to detect stator interturn faults. However, little or no physical insight was provided to explain the occurrence of certain harmonics in the line current or the influence of voltage unbalance on these harmonics. Also, in at least one of these papers, a large portion of the stator winding was shorted to emulate the faults. The method proposed in this paper monitors certain rotor-slot-related harmonics at the terminal voltage of the machine, once it is switched off. In the absence of supply voltage, issues such as voltage unbalance, time harmonics do not influence the measurements except as initial conditions, which is a very desirable feature when the machine is fed from an adjustable-speed drive. Satisfactory simulation and experimental results have been obtained with only about 1.5% (5/324) of the total number of turns shorted.
Design of Novispirin Antimicrobial Peptides by Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (2006)

Novispirin G10 is an alpha-helical antimicrobial peptide designed in an effort to develop alternative treatments against multidrug-resistant micro-organisms. To further optimize the antimicrobial activity, 58 novispirin analogs were constructed and used to establish a quantitative structure-activity relationship model. A statistically significant model (r2 = 0.73, q2 = 0.61) was obtained using a set of 69 selected molecular descriptors. Among these, VolSurf and charged partial surface area descriptors played a dominant role. Analysis of the model indicated that hydrophobicity, amphipathicity and charge were the most important features influencing activity for this set of peptides. Furthermore, the ability of the quantitative structure-activity relationship model to predict bioactivity was evaluated by analyzing a set of 400 novispirin analogs designed by molecular modeling. Out of these 400, 16 new novispirins with a higher predicted antimicrobial activity were tested in the suicide expression system, and about three out of four appeared more potent than the parent novispirin G10. Combination of VolSurf and charged partial surface area descriptors seems relevant to depict the interaction between novispirin and its target(s), presumably the microbial cell membrane. The presented findings show that modeling and quantitative structure-activity relationship methods can be useful in the construction of and/or optimization of the bioactivity of antimicrobial peptides for further development as effective antibiotic therapeutics.
Is pseudoexfoliation syndrome inherited? A review of genetic and nongenetic factors and a new observation (1998)

Pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome is the commonest identifiable cause of open-angle glaucoma worldwide. PEX is characterized clinically by small whitish deposits of fibrillar-granular material in the anterior segment of the eye. Despite its prevalence and potential for ophthalmic morbidity, surprisingly little is known about the etiology and pathogenesis of PEX. This article reviews the literature and presents evidence regarding genetic and nongenetic arguments for the etiology of pseudoexfoliation. Lines of evidence that support a genetic basis for PEX include transmission in two-generation families, twin studies, an increased risk of PEX in relatives of affected patients, and HLA studies. Nearly all pedigrees in the literature, and our own experience with PEX families in Iceland and Canada, suggest maternal transmission, raising the possibilities of mitochondrial inheritance, X-linked inheritance, and autosomal inheritance with genomic imprinting. A number of nongenetic factors have also been evaluated for their possible implication in the development of PEX. These include ultraviolet light, autoimmunity, slow virus infection, and trauma. It is possible that a combination of genetic and nongenetic factors may be involved in the etiology and pathogenesis of PEX, i.e. it may be a multifactorial disorder. Further studies with larger numbers of patients are needed to delineate more clearly the contribution of genetic (nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA or both) and nongenetic factors to the development of pseudoexfoliation syndrome and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma.
Topical Prevention of Vaginal HIV Transmission (2004)

Preventing acquisition of HIV at the time of genital mucosal exposure would be a new weapon in the ongoing battle against this virus. The chemokine receptor CCR5 is an essential cofactor for entry of HIV into cells; thus, selective blockade of CCR5 on the vaginal mucosa could prevent HIV …
Advantages of rapid optical annealing (1985)

It has been found that the advantages of rapid thermal processing during various stages of semiconductor processing are strongly dependent on the source used to heat the wafer and the system configuration. Examples of process data are presented that were obtained using a system based on the water-wall DC arc.High power levels incident on one side of the wafer allow very fast heating rates (ambient to 1200 °C in under 3 s) while at the same time permitting direct-feedback control of temperature via monitoring with an infrared pyrometer. Rapid-rise times also minimize dopant diffusion while eliminating residual crystal damage at relatively low temperatures. SIMS studies show that the junction movement is typically under 1000 Å for common implant species. Reflows of low-temperature glass such as PSG with 5–6% phosphorus concentrations have been achieved without significant diffusion of underlying structures. Silicides of most common refractory metals have been formed, which show resistivities comparable to furnace annealing with much less diffusion.
Dynamic Range Enhancement of Photodiode Array Spectra (1987)

The dynamic range of the photodiode array is typically 30 dB. In situations requiring a dynamic range greater than 30 dB, the photomultiplier tube is a popular alternative, but the advantage of multiwavelength simultaneous data acquisition—possible with a photodioide array—is lost. A method has been developed to enhance the dynamic range of spectra taken with the use of a photodiode array. A set of spectra is collected under computer control at varied integration times, and the optimum integration time is chosen individually for each detecting element. As a result, an improvement in the suppression of the noise floor is achieved, leading to a single spectrum with an enhanced dynamic range of 50 dB.
Measuring coupled signals on active ship-based communication systems (2017)

Ships present a unique challenge for measuring the amount of coupled energy to a communication system. This paper proposes a coupled energy measurement system that takes into account multiple networked communication systems, limited space, and non-invasive requirements to make a ship-based communication system easier to study. The proposed measurement system would be mobile, non-invasive, and allow for multiple systems to be measured in unison.
Further contributions to the Coleoptera fauna of New Brunswick with an addition to the fauna of Nova Scotia, Canada (2016)

This paper treats 134 new records of Coleoptera for the province of New Brunswick, Canada from the following 41 families: Gyrinidae, Carabidae, Dytiscidae, Histeridae, Leiodidae, Scarabaeidae, Scirtidae, Buprestidae, Elmidae, Limnichidae, Heteroceridae, Ptilodactylidae, Eucnemidae, Throscidae, Elateridae, Lampyridae, Cantharidae, Dermestidae, Bostrichidae, Ptinidae, Cleridae, Melyridae, Monotomidae, Cryptophagidae, Silvanidae, Laemophloeidae, Nitidulidae, Endomychidae, Coccinellidae, Corylophidae, Latridiidae, Tetratomidae, Melandryidae, Mordellidae, Tenebrionidae, Mycteridae, Pyrochroidae, Aderidae, Scraptiidae, Megalopodidae, and Chrysomelidae. Among these, the following four species are newly recorded from Canada: Dirrhagofarsus ernae Otto, Muona & McClarin (Eucnemidae), Athous equestris (LeConte) (Elateridae), Ernobius opicus Fall (Ptinidae), and Stelidota coenosa Erichson (Nitidulidae). The Family Limnichidae is newly reported for New Brunswick, and one species is added to the fauna of Nova Scotia. Stephostethus productus Rosenhauer (Latridiidae), Tetratoma (Abstrulia) variegata Casey (Tetratomidae), and Chauliognathus marginatus (Fabricius) (Cantharidae) are removed from the faunal list of New Brunswick, and additional records of Lacconotus punctatus LeConte (Mycteridae) are presented and discussed. Lindgren funnel traps provided specimens for 104 (78%) of the species and were the sole source of specimens for 89 (66%) of the species reported here, suggesting they are a very useful tool for sampling Coleoptera fauna in the forests of New Brunswick.
Reduktionsgrad in Photoredox‐Systemen (1978)

Reduction Degree in Photoredox‐Systems The reduction degree is in many photoredox systems an invariant under irradiation. Therefore it represents an important degree of freedom in these systems. It is possible to define the reduction degree in such a systematic way, that it may also be applied for discussing complicated systems. It would be helpful to have selective electrode material for the examination of photoredox systems. We have succeeded in finding a selective electrode material for the iron in the iron/thionin system as well as in the iron/iodine system.
Nanoceramics and Nanocomposites from Molecular and Polymeric Precursors (2013)

International audience
[Distribution of adriamycin in the gastric cancer, gastric wall and regional lymph nodes after a regional arterial infusion]. (1982)

As a fundamental investigation to prevent from the postoperative recurrence of gastric cancer, the concentrations of adriamycin(ADM) in the gastric tumor, gastric wall and regional nodes were measured after an arterial infusion of 5 or 10 mg of ADM. The drug was infused through either left or right gastric artery or the right gastroepiploic artery at the beginning of operation. The ADM concentration in gastric tumor and gastric wall were moderately elevated after the infusion, especially in the tissue at the area of arterial supply used for the infusion. No significant correlation was found among ADM concentration in the tumor, its histological classification and its amount of interstitial connective tissue. However, the marked elevation of ADM level was confirmed in the perigastric nodes along the drug-infused artery. The moderate elevation was also observed in the 2nd or 3rd group of the regional lymph nodes. As for the drug concentration in the adjacent organs, ADM was detected in slight high level in the liver, less in the spleen and pancreas. From the results obtained, a possibility of prevention from the recurrence of gastric cancer was discussed.
Synthesen in der Purinreihe, X. Struktur und Synthese des Herbipolins (1960)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung des 7‐Methyl‐ und 9‐Methyl‐guanins mit p ‐Toluolsulfonsäure‐methylester wurde Herbipolin erhalten. Daraus ergibt sich seine Struktur als 7.9‐Dimethyl‐guaniniumbetain.
Stereotaxis and nuclear magnetic resonance. (1985)

The application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging to a stereotactic method is described. The physical properties of NMR offer some important advantages such as good contrast between grey and white matter and the possibility to scan the brain in three planes and at any desired angle. Stereotactic localisation by NMR gives very satisfactory and precise visualisation of the target structures based on transaxial, coronal and sagittal scans. With the technique described stereotactic localisation is performed by the surgeon directly in the operating room.
Iterative similarity inference via message passing in factor graphs for Collaborative Filtering (2013)

In this paper, we develop a Belief Propagation (BP) algorithm for similarity computation to improve the recommendation accuracy of the neighborhood method, which is one of the most popular Collaborative Filtering (CF) recommendation algorithms. We formulate a probabilistic inference problem as to compute the marginal posterior distributions of similarity variables from their joint posterior distribution given the observed ratings. However, direct computation is prohibitive in large-scale recommender systems. Therefore, we introduce an appropriate chosen factor graph to express the factorization of the joint distribution function, and utilize the BP algorithm that operates in the factor graph to exploit the factorization for efficient inference. In addition, since the high degree at the factor node incurs an exponential increase in computational complexity, we also propose a complexity-reduction technique. The overall complexity of the proposed BP algorithm on a factor graph is linear in the number of variables, which ensures scalability. Finally, through experiments on the MovieLens dataset, we show the superior prediction accuracy of the proposed BP-based similarity computation algorithm for recommendation.
A novel digital loop filter architecture for bang-bang ADPLL (2012)

Bang-Bang Phase Locked Loops (BB-PLLs) exhibit a nonlinear response that is dependent on the magnitude of the phase error. This paper presents a novel Digital Loop Filter (DLF) with coefficients that adapt to the relative magnitude of the phase error, and hence, enhances system linearity. An All-Digital BB-PLL (BB-ADPLL) that incorporates the proposed DLF is implemented using 32nm technology. AMS simulations are used to demonstrate the impact of the proposed DLF on the system linearity. Furthermore, theoretical analysis indicates 75% enhancement in the linearity of the proposed system compared to conventional DLFs.
A new air circulation path for a high-recording-density magnetic hard-disk drive (1989)

A novel air circulation path for a closed-type magnetic hard-disk drive, in which a partition divides the drive into a disk room and an actuator room, has been developed. The air flows out from the disk room through exit windows in the partition, flows through an actuator coil and a filter, and then flows back into the disk room. Visualization of the flow in a 3-in model disk drive without the partition reveals axial mixing flow in the outer spaces of the disks, a jet along an obstacle adjacent to the outer edges of the disks and a whirl induced by the jet, and a reverse flow in the wake of the obstacle. Flows of this nature cause reverse flows at exist windows of a partition for an 8.8-in drive. The addition of flow balancers, suitably designed height and position of the exit windows, and guides in the wakes of head arms reduce the reverse flows. The air circulation capability of the disk room, the operating conditions of the drive, and relations between the operating conditions and the reverse flow are discussed in relation to the circulation-flow-rate and the discharge-pressure characteristics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>