gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MAGNETIC STRUCTURE OF Y<sub>0.97</sub>Er<sub>0.03</sub> (1988)

Neutron diffraction has demonstrated that a single crystal alloy of Y0.97Er0.03 orders below TN=3.25K into a sinusoidally modulated state with a propagation vector along the c-axis. The moments lie predominantly along the c-axis, but a small (< 0.1 µB) basal plane component exhibits the same temperature dependence. Below 2 K, weak third harmonies indicate that the sinusoidal structure is beginning to square up.
Differential biologic effects resulting from bimodal binding of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor to myeloid leukemia cells (1989)

Human recombinant tumor necrosis factor (rTNF) bound to ML-1 and HL-60 human myeloid leukemia cells in a bimodal manner. Saturable high-affinity binding was maximal at approximately 3 nmol/L rTNF, whereas saturable low-affinity binding reached its maximum at approximately 30 nmol/L. As analyzed by computer program, the observed data fit a two-receptor site model, with p less than .05. High-affinity binding concentrations of rTNF caused the differentiation of both cell lines, whereas low-affinity binding concentrations abolished this effect in a concentration-dependent manner. Thus, the type of biologic response elicited with rTNF in these cells is a function of the concentration at which the factor is applied. If generally applicable, this bimodal effect may require consideration when rTNF is to be used therapeutically.
Autosomal Microsatellite and mtDNA Genetic Analysis in Sicily (Italy) (2003)

DNA samples from 465 blood donors living in 7 towns of Sicily, the largest island of Italy, have been collected according to well defined criteria, and their genetic heterogeneity tested on the basis of 9 autosomal microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms for a total of 85 microsatellite allele and 10 mtDNA haplogroup frequencies. A preliminary account of the results shows that: a) the samples are genetically heterogeneous; b) the first principal coordinates of the samples are correlated more with their longitude than with their latitude, and this result is even more remarkable when one outlier sample (Butera) is not considered; c) distances among samples calculated from allele and haplogroup frequencies and from the isonymy matrix are weakly correlated (r = 0.43, P = 0.06) but such correlation disappears (r = 0.16) if the mtDNA haplogroups alone are taken into account; d) mtDNA haplogroups and microsatellite distances suggest settlements of people occurred at different times: divergence times inferred from microsatellite data seem to describe a genetic composition of the town of Sciacca mainly derived from settlements after the Roman conquest of Sicily (First Punic war, 246 BC), while all other divergence times take root from the second to the first millennium BC, and therefore seem to backdate to the pre-Hellenistic period. A more reliable association of these diachronic genetic strata to different historical populations (e.g. Sicani, Elymi, Siculi), if possible, must be postponed to the analysis of more samples and hopefully more informative uniparental DNA markers such as the recently available DHPLC-SNP polymorphisms of the Y chromosome.
Draft Genome Sequences of Thermophiles Isolated from Yates Shaft, a Deep-Subsurface Environment (2017)

The whole-genome sequences of seven thermophiles that could grow at >55°C, but not at 37°C, were generated. These thermophilic bacteria will play a useful role as model microorganisms, and analyzing their genomes will help to understand the observed production of novel bioactive compounds, including thermozymes and macromolecules.
A Methanol Steam Micro-Reformer for Low Power Fuel Cell Applications (2005)

Abstract A micro-reformer was fabricated and its performance investigated using copper-zinc catalysts with differing compositions and loadings at various operating conditions. A catalyst with 3:1 copper-to-zinc ratio and 8 wt% loading produced enough hydrogen to power a 28W PEM fuel cell when using a third of the reformer's volume (8 cm3) and assuming 64% fuel cell efficiency. Methanol conversion was 65% while hydrogen content in the off-gas was 45% at a temperature of 275°C and residence time of 0.11s. Carbon monoxide levels were approximately 1.45%. Higher methanol conversions (80%) and hydrogen content in the off-gas (50%) were achieved by a second catalyst with 16 wt% at 290°C while utilizing the entire reformer volume. Hydrogen yield and selectivity were high (78 and 98% respectively). Extrapolating from present results, the maximum power output possible to be achieved by this device is 84 W.
Electron spin resonance study of radicals photolytically generated from aromatic carbonyl compounds. Part II. Hydroxy-radicals from acetophenone, xanthone, thioxanthone, p-hydroxybenzophenone, perinaphthenone and p-benzoquinone (1968)

Previously reported work on photolytically generated hydroxy-radicals from benzophenone and benzaldehyde has been extended to radicals from acetophenone, xanthone, thioxanthone, and p-hydroxybenzophenone. In each case, hyperfine structure in the e.s.r. spectrum indicates the corresponding hydroxy-radical which is produced via the (nπ*) triplet. A radical from p-hydroxybenzophenone was observed in aprotic solvents and not in protic solvents in which the ‘charge transfer’ excited states are more accessible; these tend not to favour hydrogen atom abstraction from the solvent.All proton coupling constants except that for the hydroxy-group proton, aOH, are relatively independent of temperature and of solvent. This is also the case for the previously reported hydroxyperinaphthenyl and monoprotonated p-benzosemiquinone radicals. The temperature dependence of aOH suggests torsional rotation of the hydroxy-group about the C–OH bond.
Organosilicon chemistry. Part VIII. 2-(Pentafluorophenyl)ethylsilyl compounds and related polymers (1971)

Methyldichlorosilane reacts with hexafluorobenzene under photochemical conditions to give methyl(pentafluorophenyl)chlorofluorosilane, which is readily converted into the corresponding difluorosilane. Silanes (R3SiH) add to pentafluorostyrene in the presence of hexachloroplatinic acid to give derivatives of 2-(pentafluorophenyl)ethylsilane, C6F5·CH2·CH2·SiR3(R3= Me3, MeCl2, or Cl3). The chlorosilanes (R3= MeCl2 or Cl3) are readily converted into oligomeric siloxanes, but high molecular weight polymers are not easily produced. The polymers with pendant 2-(pentafluorophenyl)ethyl groups are comparable in thermal stability with those which contain pendant 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl groups, and they are not affected by 5% aqueous hydrochloric acid or 5% aqueous sodium hydroxide under reflux.
RSK3/4 mediate resistance to PI3K pathway inhibitors in breast cancer (2013)

The PI3K signaling pathway regulates diverse cellular processes, including proliferation, survival, and metabolism, and is aberrantly activated in human cancer. As such, numerous compounds targeting the PI3K pathway are currently being clinically evaluated for the treatment of cancer, and several have shown some early indications of efficacy in breast cancer. However, resistance against these agents, both de novo and acquired, may ultimately limit the efficacy of these compounds. Here, we have taken a systematic functional approach to uncovering potential mechanisms of resistance to PI3K inhibitors and have identified several genes whose expression promotes survival under conditions of PI3K/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/mTOR) blockade, including the ribosomal S6 kinases RPS6KA2 (RSK3) and RPS6KA6 (RSK4). We demonstrate that overexpression of RSK3 or RSK4 supports proliferation upon PI3K inhibition both in vitro and in vivo, in part through the attenuation of the apoptotic response and upregulation of protein translation. Notably, the addition of MEK- or RSK-specific inhibitors can overcome these resistance phenotypes, both in breast cancer cell lines and patient-derived xenograft models with elevated levels of RSK activity. These observations provide a strong rationale for the combined use of RSK and PI3K pathway inhibitors to elicit favorable responses in breast cancer patients with activated RSK.
Dysfunction of response inhibition in eating disorders (2016)

Attentional control such as focused attention and sustained attention are preserved in ED patients, but there appears to be dysfunction of response inhibition. This might be the basis of poor impulse control in the eating behavior of ED patients.
Molecular Subtypes in Head and Neck Cancer Exhibit Distinct Patterns of Chromosomal Gain and Loss of Canonical Cancer Genes (2013)

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a frequently fatal heterogeneous disease. Beyond the role of human papilloma virus (HPV), no validated molecular characterization of the disease has been established. Using an integrated genomic analysis and validation methodology we confirm four molecular classes of HNSCC (basal, mesenchymal, atypical, and classical) consistent with signatures established for squamous carcinoma of the lung, including deregulation of the KEAP1/NFE2L2 oxidative stress pathway, differential utilization of the lineage markers SOX2 and TP63, and preference for the oncogenes PIK3CA and EGFR. For potential clinical use the signatures are complimentary to classification by HPV infection status as well as the putative high risk marker CCND1 copy number gain. A molecular etiology for the subtypes is suggested by statistically significant chromosomal gains and losses and differential cell of origin expression patterns. Model systems representative of each of the four subtypes are also presented.
Law, Community, and Everyday Life: Yngvesson's Virtuous Citizens and Disruptive Subjects (1996)

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Model Unit Exploration for Sequence-to-Sequence Speech Recognition. (2019)

In conventional speech recognition, phoneme-based models outperform grapheme-based models for non-phonetic languages such as English. The performance gap between the two typically reduces as the amount of training data is increased. In this work, we examine the impact of the choice of modeling unit for attention-based encoder-decoder models. We conduct experiments on the LibriSpeech 100hr, 460hr, and 960hr tasks, using various target units (phoneme, grapheme, and word-piece); across all tasks, we find that grapheme or word-piece models consistently outperform phoneme-based models, even though they are evaluated without a lexicon or an external language model. We also investigate model complementarity: we find that we can improve WERs by up to 9% relative by rescoring N-best lists generated from a strong word-piece based baseline with either the phoneme or the grapheme model. Rescoring an N-best list generated by the phonemic system, however, provides limited improvements. Further analysis shows that the word-piece-based models produce more diverse N-best hypotheses, and thus lower oracle WERs, than phonemic models.
Non-classical interference in integrated 3D multiports (2012)

We demonstrate three and four input multiports in a three dimensional glass platform, fabricated using the femtosecond laser direct-write technique. Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference is observed and a full quantum characterization is performed, obtaining two photon correlation matrices for all combinations of input and output ports. For the 3-port case, the quantum visibilities are accurately predicted solely from measurement of the classical coupling ratios.
Water Relations and Growth of the <i>flacca</i> Tomato Mutant in Relation to Abscisic Acid (1983)

The flacca mutant in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv Rheinlands Ruhm) was employed to examine the effects of a relatively constant diurnal water stress on leaf growth and water relations. As the mutant is deficient in abscisic acid (ABA) and can be phenotypically reverted to the wild type by applications of the growth substance, inferences can be made concerning the involvement of ABA in responses to water stress. Water potential and turgor were lower in leaves of flacca than of Rheinlands Ruhm, and were increased by ABA treatment. ABA decreased transpiration rates by causing stomatal closure and also increased the hydraulic conductance of the sprayed plants. Osmotic adjustment did not occur in flacca plants despite the daily leaf water deficits. Stem elongation was inhibited by ABA, but leaf growth was promoted. It is concluded that, in some cases, ABA may promote leaf growth via its effect on leaf water balance.
Thermostabilization and thermoactivation of thermolabile enzymes by trehalose and its application for the synthesis of full length cDNA (1998)

The advent of thermostable enzymes has led to great advances in molecular biology, such as the development of PCR and ligase chain reaction. However, isolation of naturally thermostable enzymes has been restricted to those existing in thermophylic bacteria. Here, we show that the disaccharide trehalose enables enzymes to maintain their normal activity (thermostabilization) or even to increase activity at high temperatures (thermoactivation) at which they are normally inactive. We also demonstrate how enzyme thermoactivation can improve the reverse transcriptase, reaction. In fact, thermoactivated reverse transcriptase, which displays full activity even at 60 degrees C, was powerful enough to synthesize full length cDNA without the early termination usually induced by stable secondary structures of mRNA.
How do spiral arm contrasts relate to bars, disc breaks and other fundamental galaxy properties? (2017)

International audience
Update of pathogen reduction technology for therapeutic plasma. (2010)

In the developed world, blood products are tested for the presence of some of pathogens prior to administration. There exists a small, but definite risk of transmission of infectious agents. The risk of transmission of viral infection is due to the "window period": the period of time between the infection of a donor and the development of detectable level of antibodies. Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) was introduced for HIV and HCV in the United States in 1998 and has shortened the window period and further decreased the incidence of pathogens in transfused units of blood products. The development of increasingly sensitive laboratory screening methods and restrictive donor criteria has greatly decreased the risk of transmission of many pathogens through blood transfusion; however, transfusion is still not risk free. Blood is currently not tested for many potentially dangerous known pathogens. The emergence of new agents such as West Nile Virus (WNV) demonstrates that potential threats to the blood supply continue to emerge world wide. The testing and donor rejection methods currently used to screen the blood supply may not offer complete protection against all of these emerging infectious agents. This overview aims to provide an update on the continual improvements in blood component safety in particular using methods that target pathogen's nucleic acid.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Repeated Impacts between Two Spheres (2014)

The impact of spheres and bodies with spherical surfaces is frequently occurring in engineering applications. Only little research on repeated impacts of spheres is available and the variation of the COR (Coefficient of Restitution) due to repeated impacts is not fully understood yet. Further, the variation of the COR for impact repetition of visco-plastic materials, such as steel, has not been investigated in full detail yet. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the behavior of steel spheres during repeated impact in detail in both, experiments and numerical simulations. In the experiments, two steel spheres are suspended like pendula, and the two spheres collide at the same position with the same initial velocity for every repeated impact. The COR is obtained from the velocity change of the spheres which is measured by LDVs (Laser Doppler Vibrometers) set at both sides of the spheres. The static and dynamic material properties are obtained from material tests and are incorporated into an FEM (Finite Element Method) analysis. The experimental results and the FEM results agree fairly well. It is observed that the COR increases toward to 1 by the repetition of impacts, indicating decreasing amount of plastic deformation in the successive impacts.
JERPA (2002)

This paper describes a Java-based distance-education tool, called the Environment for Remote Programming Assignments in Java (JERPA), for use in computer science courses with Java programming assignments. JERPA reduces the demand on the university's computing infrastructure while providing instructors with an easy system to deploy and distribute assignments, and allowing students greater flexibility as they work on the assignments. JERPA yields immediate advantages to traditional on-campus CS courses and provides a key functionality to programming courses offered in a distance-education setting.
Influence of New Cassette Front Material on Radiographic Images (2001)

This report describes a comparison of cassette front material in terms of its effect on radiographic imaging. We compared aluminum, carbon fiber, and a new material (Hylite) in terms of their absorption, scatter rate (lead-disc method), MTF, and subjective appearance, using an extremity phantom. For scatter rate and MTF, we also carried out analysis using Monte Carlo simulation. Results indicated that the cassette using the new material was intermediate between the aluminum panel and CFRP panel in terms of weight, absorption rate, and scatter rate. We also found that the new panel material showed a visual difference from the aluminum panel when a lower tube voltage and thinner object were assigned.
Ultrafast carrier relaxationprocesses in advanced concept solar cells (2014)

We discuss short time carrier relaxation in advanced concept solar cells conditions using ensemble Monte Carlo (EMC) simulation coupled with rate equation and thermodynamic models, to understand the limiting factors affecting solar cell performance.
Regulation of Airway Contractility by Plasminogen Activators through N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor–1 (2010)

Reactive airway disease is mediated by smooth muscle contraction initiated through several agonist-dependent pathways. Activation of type 1 N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDA-R1s) by plasminogen activators (PAs) has been linked to control of vascular tone, but their effect on airway smooth muscle contractility has not previously been studied to our knowledge. We observed that NMDA-R1s are expressed by human airway smooth muscle cells and constitutively inhibit the contraction of isolated rat tracheal rings in response to acetylcholine (Ach). Both tissue-type PA (tPA) and urokinase-type PA (uPA) bind to NMDA-R1 and reverse this effect, thereby enhancing Ach-induced tracheal contractility. Tracheal contractility initiated by Ach is reduced in rings isolated from tPA(-/-) and uPA(-/-) mice compared with their wild-type counterparts. The procontractile effect of uPA or tPA was mimicked and augmented by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, l-NAME. uPA and tPA further enhanced the contractility of rings denuded of epithelium, an effect that was inhibited by the NMDA-R antagonist, MK-801. Binding of PAs to NMDA-R1 and the subsequent activation of the receptor were inhibited by PA inhibitor type 1, by a PA inhibitor type 1-derived hexapeptide that recognizes the tPA and uPA docking domains, as well as by specific mutations within the docking site of tPA. These studies identify involvement of PAs and NMDA-R1 in airway contractility, and define new loci that could lead to the development of novel interventions for reactive airway disease.
Quorum-sensing signaling is required for production of the antibiotic pyrrolnitrin in a rhizospheric biocontrol strain of<i>Serratia plymuthica</i> (2007)

One mechanism that bacteria have adopted to regulate the production of antimicrobial compounds is population-density-dependent LuxRI-type quorum sensing (QS), exploiting the production of N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) autoinducer signals. In biocontrol bacteria, most known cases involve the AHL control of phenazine antibiotics production by rhizospheric pseudomonads. This work is the first to demonstrate that phenazines are not the only group of biocontrol-related antibiotics whose production is regulated by QS systems. Strain HRO-C48 of Serratia plymuthica isolated from the rhizosphere of oilseed rape and described as a chitinolytic bacterium, which protects crops against Verticillium wilt, was also shown to produce wide-range antibiotic pyrrolnitrin and several AHLs, including N-butanoyl-HSL, N-hexanoyl-HSL and N-3-oxo-hexanoyl-HSL (OHHL). The genes splI and splR, which are analogues of luxI and luxR genes from other Gram-negative bacteria, were cloned and sequenced. The mutant AHL-4 (splI::miniTn5) was simultaneously deficient in the production of AHLs and pyrrolnitrin, as well as in its ability to suppress the growth of several fungal plant pathogens in vitro. However, pyrrolnitrin production could be restored in this mutant by introduction of the splIR genes cloned into a plasmid or by addition of the conditioned medium from strain C48 or OHHL standard to the growth medium.
The insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4)-IGFBP-4 protease system in normal human osteoblast-like cells: regulation by transforming growth factor-beta. (1994)

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4) is secreted by normal human osteoblast-like (hOB) cells and acts as a potent inhibitor of IGF action. hOB cells also secrete a protease, which requires IGFs for activation and specifically cleaves IGFBP-4. To study the regulation of this IGFBP-4 protease, hOB cells from 26 different adult donors were cultured in serum-free medium for 24 h in the absence or presence of hormones and other factors known to regulate bone growth. hOB cell-conditioned medium (hOB-CM) was collected for measurement of IGFBP-4 protease activity in a cell-free assay. This assay involved incubation of hOB-CM (50 microL) without or with IGF-II at 37 C for 6 h. IGF-II-activated IGFBP-4 hydrolysis was assessed by Western ligand blotting and quantitated using laser densitometry. Conditioned medium from all hOB cells examined exhibited IGFBP-4 protease activity. PTH, GH, insulin, calcitonin, glucocorticoids, sex steroids, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and epidermal growth factor had no significant effect on IGF-dependent IGFBP-4 protease activity. In comparison, hOB-CM from cells treated with transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) exhibited significantly augmented IGF-II-dependent proteolysis of endogenous IGFBP-4. Enhanced proteolysis of exogenous IGFBP-4 was also demonstrated: 1) 92% of recombinant human IGFBP-4 added to conditioned medium from TGF beta-treated hOB cells was hydrolyzed during the assay in the presence of IGF-II compared to 45% of recombinant human IGFBP-4 added to control hOB-CM; and 2) increased radiolabeled IGFBP-4 fragments were generated in conditioned medium from TGF beta-treated hOB cells compared with control hOB-CM in the presence of IGF-II. In addition to its effect on IGFBP-4 proteolysis, TGF beta treatment decreased IGFBP-4 messenger ribonucleic acid expression, as measured by Northern analysis. Our results indicate that the IGFBP-4-IGFBP-4 protease system in hOB cells can be controlled by two of the most abundant local growth factors for bone (IGF-II and TGF beta), with each acting via different mechanisms. Regulation of IGFBP-4 availability may play an important role in the modulation of bone cell responsiveness to IGFs.