gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Speaker identification and verification combined with speaker independent word recognition (2005)

One method for providing speaker independent word recognition capability is to construct a small set of templates for each vocabulary word that typifies and spans individual speaker word reference templates over a large population of speakers. Word recognition decision functions are based on combinations of template distance scores obtained by processing an unknown input utterance and comparing it with the ensemble of reference templates. In this study it is hypothesized that distributions of template distance scores are reasonably consistent for individual speakers and vary characteristically from speaker to speaker. This property is exploited to provide a speaker recognition capability in combination with word recognition. It is shown that good speaker recognition performance depends on the input of a sequence of distinct words. For a 20-speaker population, on the average, the correct speaker is in the top 1% of the candidates in the identification made over a sequence of seven distinct words.
A verified type system for CakeML (2015)

CakeML is a dialect of the (strongly typed) ML family of programming languages, designed to play a central role in high-assurance software systems. To date, the main artefact supporting this is a verified compiler from CakeML source code to x86-64 machine code. The verification effort addresses each phase of compilation from parsing through to code generation and garbage collection.
Ceramide and ceramide 1-phosphate in health and disease (2010)

Sphingolipids are essential components of cell membranes, and many of them regulate vital cell functions. In particular, ceramide plays crucial roles in cell signaling processes. Two major actions of ceramides are the promotion of cell cycle arrest and the induction of apoptosis. Phosphorylation of ceramide produces ceramide 1-phosphate (C1P), which has opposite effects to ceramide. C1P is mitogenic and has prosurvival properties. In addition, C1P is an important mediator of inflammatory responses, an action that takes place through stimulation of cytosolic phospholipase A2, and the subsequent release of arachidonic acid and prostaglandin formation. All of the former actions are thought to be mediated by intracellularly generated C1P. However, the recent observation that C1P stimulates macrophage chemotaxis implicates specific plasma membrane receptors that are coupled to Gi proteins. Hence, it can be concluded that C1P has dual actions in cells, as it can act as an intracellular second messenger to promote cell survival, or as an extracellular receptor agonist to stimulate cell migration.
A real time, wearable ECG and continous blood pressure monitoring system for first responders (2011)

The study of stress and fatigue among First Responders is a major step in mitigating this public health problem. Blood pressure, heart rate variability and fatigue related arrhythmia are three of the main "windows" to study stress and fatigue. In this paper we present a wearable medical device, capable of acquiring an electrocardiogram and estimating blood pressure in real time, through a pulse wave transit time approach. The system is based on an existent certified wearable medical device called "Vital Jacket" and is aimed to become a tool to allow cardiologists in studying stress and fatigue among first response professionals.
How to obtain and use X‐Ray projection microscopy in the SEM (1978)

Abstract The primary electron beam of an SEM is used to generate a point source of x‐rays, permitting x‐ray microscopy within the SEM. The practical device described fits into the sample chamber of an SEM. Exact and reproducible adjustabilities of the sample support and the film holder allow two x‐ray micrographs, e.g. stereo‐micrographs, to be taken in one run without repressurization of the specimen chamber. By comparing x‐ray and SEM micrographs of the same sample in the identical position it is possible to get additional information concerning surface morphology and inner structure of a specimen.
Self-Assembly of Oligomeric Porphyrin Rings (2000)

A cobalt porphyrin equipped with two different but geometrically complementary pyridine ligands self-assembles to form an unusually stable complex with approximately 12 porphyrin monomers arranged in a macrocyclic array.
A SVC Based Control Algorithm for Load Balancing (2007)

An algorithm for applying a fixed capacitor-thyristor-controlled reactor (FC-TCR) type of static var compensator (SVC) for dynamically balancing a system is introduced. With a developed individual phase control scheme, an SVC can reduce negative-sequence current caused by the load to improve system balancing. A compact control algorithm for reactive power compensation and load balancing with the static var compensator (SVC) in three-phase systems is used in this paper. The calculation of compensation susceptances is based on the criterion of a unity power factor and zero sequence currents after compensation. This Method is simulated on the IEEE 13 node system balancing and total harmonic distortion (THD) is studied in unbalanced load node and Substation bus and results is presented.
Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors prevent cytokine secretion by T lymphocytes by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappaB and nuclear factor of activated T cells activation. (2001)

Blockade of phosphodiesterase 4 with rolipram reduced the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-5, IL-10, and IL-2 but poorly inhibited cell proliferation and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production by activated human T cells. Addition of dibutyryl cAMP mimicked rolipram inhibitions on proliferation, IL-2, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma but not on IL-10 or IL-5 production. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of rolipram on proliferation, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha but not of IL-10 production can be prevented by a specific protein kinase A inhibitor. Rolipram and pentoxifylline, a nonspecific phosphodiesterase inhibitor, decreased transcription of IL-2 and TNF-alpha promoters in transiently transfected normal T cells. Moreover, they inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and stimulated activator protein-1 (AP-1) and cAMP response element-binding proteins (CREBs). In contrast, dibutyryl cAMP inhibited NF-kappaB but not NFAT activation. Thus, our data indicate that blockade of phosphodiesterase 4 regulates transcription of a particular cytokine through inhibition of NF-kappaB and NFAT, and stimulation of AP-1 and CREB.
Template-based image retrieval (2002)

A classified hierarchical template matching algorithm is presented in this work. In our system, a template is first classified into one of three classes: texture, edge and low-activity. Then different features are used for each class, thereby achieving a better recognition rate than with the commonly used l/sub 2/ metric. Furthermore, a two-level hierarchical searching algorithm is designed to reduce the amount of computation. The algorithm works in both spatial and DCT domains. It can be applied to image retrieval applications where a user is interested in finding images containing a small pattern.
Implantable Electrode Pair for Recording from Intact Small Nerves (1980)

The construction of an implantable electrode pair suitable for recording spontaneous multiple fiber activity in intact small nerves is described. Fabrication of the electrodes is not difficult, and implantation is straightforward and causes little nerve trauma. These electrodes give good signal/noise ratio, and are stable over several hours. They allow the experimenter to move the animal during recording.
Neuronavigation-Guided Focused Ultrasound-Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Opening: A Preliminary Study in Swine (2012)

Neuronavigation provides sufficient precision for guiding FUS to temporally and locally open the BBB. Gd-DTPA deposition in the brain can be quantified by MR relaxometry, providing a potential tool for the in vivo quantification of therapeutic agents in CNS disease treatment.
[Magnitude and strategies of cataract management in the world]. (2007)

Although cataracts cause 47% of global blindness, their epidemiologic impact in different countries is notoriously uneven and the world can be divided into two zones according to economic conditions. In advanced countries where care is good, cataracts account for only 5% of blindness while cataracts still account for 50% of blindness in developing countries. After a brief overview of historical, clinical and therapeutic aspects, this article updates epidemiological data on cataracts in the world. It also provides insight into political, socio-economic, and cultural factors adversely affecting care availability in developing countries thus making cataracts a major public health problem and an obstacle for development. Finally this article offers a few recommendations for reducing the backlog of cataracts in the world and for consolidating advances made over the last two decades thanks to experience gained in various National Blindness Prevention Programs (NBPP).
Determination of Stable Mercury Isotopes by ICP/MS and Their Application in Environmental Studies (2002)

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) is a powerful tool for mercury determinations. Introducing mercury in form of gaseous species into a dry plasma greatly reduces memory effects, achieving absolute detection limits of less than 100 pg of Hg. The capability of ICP/MS to take advantage of speciated isotope dilution methods makes this technique suitable for very precise and accurate measurements. Equally important, multiple stable tracer experiments to study the fate of Hg species in the environment become possible. This novel concept allows the investigation of multiple transformation processes simultaneously. However, since isotope enrichments are often well below 100 %, a system of linear equations must be solved to exactly calculate individual isotope concentrations. This paper describes the necessary calculations and demonstrates how stable isotopes improve methylmercury measurements.
New pharmacological agents for the treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (2004)

Proton pump inhibitors, which act at the terminal point of acid secretion--the H+, K+-ATPase--are currently the most effective pharmacological treatments available for reflux disease. Despite the efficacy of the proton pump inhibitors, there is still potential for clinical improvement in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease pharmacotherapy. Faster onset of complete acid inhibition and improved duration of efficacy are two potential areas for improvement A number of novel pharmaceutical agents are currently undergoing clinical evaluation for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. These include transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation-reducing agents, serotonergic agents/prokinetics, potassium-competitive acid blockers, mucosal protectants, histamine H3 agonists and anti-gastrin agents. One or more of these drug groups may represent the future medical therapy for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, should they prove effective in the clinical setting. This review summarizes the state of the art with these agents.
KOH etch rates of high-index planes from mechanically prepared silicon crystals (2002)

Etch rates of the high-index crystal planes (n11) and (1nn) with n=2, 3, 4 are determined by vertical etching of beveled silicon samples. KOH concentrations between 2 mole/1 and 10 mole/1 (10wt.%-40wt.%) and temperatures between 70 degrees C and 95 degrees C are used. The results differ from previous ones obtained by underetching special mask patterns.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Testing of concurrent and imperative software using CLP (2016)

Testing is a vital part of the software development process. In static testing, instead of executing the program on normal values (e.g., numbers), typically the program is executed on symbolic variables representing arbitrary values. Constraints on the symbolic variables are used to represent the conditions under which the execution paths are taken. Testing tools can uncover issues such as memory leaks, buffer overflows, and also concurrency errors like deadlocks or data races. Due to its inherent symbolic execution mechanism and the availability of constraint solvers, Constraint Logic Programming (CLP) has a big potential in the field of testing. In this talk, we will describe a fully CLP-based framework to testing of a today's imperative language. We will also discuss the extension of this framework to handle actor-based concurrency, used in languages such as Go, Actor-Foundry, Erlang, and Scala, among others.
Acyclic Triene Metathesis Polymerization with Chain‐Stoppers: Molecular Weight Control in the Synthesis of Branched Polymers (2008)

Abstract The synthesis of branched macromolecules from renewable resources via olefin metathesis is described. We observed that it is possible to control the molecular weight during the acyclic triene metathesis (ATMET) of a triglyceride by the application of methyl acrylate as a chain stopper for this straightforward one step one pot polymerization. The resulting branched materials were characterized by GPC, NMR as well as ESI‐MS and the combination of these techniques provided valuable insights into the polymer structure as well as occurring side reactions during this olefin metathesis polymerization reaction. magnified image
<i>I</i> <i>n</i> <i>s</i> <i>i</i> <i>t</i> <i>u</i> vaporization of very low molecular weight resists using 1/2 nm diameter electron beams (1981)

A technique is presented for in situ measurements of contrast curves for electron beam vaporizable resists. Using a 1/2 nm diam beam of 100 keV electrons, we have etched lines, holes and patterns in NaCl crystals at the 2 nm size scale. Troughs about 1.5 nm wide on 4.5 nm centers and 2 nm diam holes have been etched completely through NaCl crystals more than 30 nm thick.
Limited Sampling Models for Oral Midazolam: Midazolam Plasma Concentrations, Not the Ratio of 1‐Hydroxymidazolam to Midazolam Plasma Concentrations, Accurately Predicts AUC as a Biomarker of CYP3A Activity (2006)

Oral midazolam is used as a phenotyping probe for cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A activity and requires multiple plasma samples to measure drug exposure. Limited sampling is a useful strategy for optimizing sampling and reducing costs and labor. We studied limited sampling models using multiple linear regressions to predict the area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) of midazolam using either midazolam plasma concentrations or the ratio of 1-hydroxymidazolam (1-OH MDZ) to midazolam plasma concentrations. CYP3A baseline activity data for oral midazolam from previous studies were used (45 healthy adults for models using midazolam plasma concentrations and 41 healthy adults for models using the ratios of 1-OH MDZ to midazolam plasma concentrations). Limited sampling models were derived, validated, and evaluated for precision and bias. Two equations using the time points at 0.5 and 6 hours and 0.5, 2, and 6 hours were acceptable and predictive of midazolam AUC using midazolam plasma concentrations. No 1-OH MDZ to midazolam plasma concentration ratios accurately predicted midazolam AUC.
The composition of hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering can influence glycosaminoglycan profile (2010)

The injectable and hydrophilic nature of hydrogels makes them suitable candidates for cartilage tissue engineering. To date, a wide range of hydrogels have been proposed for articular cartilage regeneration but few studies have quantitatively compared chondrocyte behaviour and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis within the hydrogels. Herein we have examined the nature of ECM synthesis by chondrocytes seeded into four hydrogels formed by either temperature change, self-assembly or chemical cross-linking. Bovine articular cartilage chondrocytes were cultured for 14 days in Extracel, Pluronic F127 blended with Type II collagen, Puramatrix and Matrixhyal. The discriminatory and sensitive technique of fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE) was used to determine the fine detail of the glycosaminoglycans (GAG); hyaluronan and chondroitin sulphate. FACE analysis for chondroitin sulphate and hyaluronan profiles in Puramatrix closely matched that of native cartilage. For each hydrogel, DNA content, viability and morphology were assessed. Total collagen and total sulphated GAG production were measured and normalised to DNA content. Significant differences were found in total collagen synthesis. By day 14, Extracel and Puramatrix had significantly more total collagen than Matrixhyal (1.77+/-0.26 microg and 1.97+/-0.26 microg vs. 0.60+/-0.26 microg; p<0.05). sGAG synthesis occurred in all hydrogels but a significantly higher amount of sGAG was retained within Extracel at days 7 and 14 (p<0.05). In summary, we have shown that the biochemical and biophysical characteristics of each hydrogel directly or indirectly influenced ECM formation. A detailed understanding of the ECM in the development of engineered constructs is an important step in monitoring the success of cartilage regeneration strategies.
Organic Synthesis Using Chemical Tags The Third Leg of Parallel Synthesis (2000)

Increasing emphasis has recently been placed on the development of synthetic methods which effectively couple chemical synthesis and purification. For example, new formats for parallel synthesis are being developed which involve attachment of chemical tags to both reagents, reactants, and substrates to permit their chemoselective removal from reaction mixtures. The driving force for the development of tagged organic reagents is the ability to use standard solution-phase chemistry methods and reaction monitoring techniques (e.g. TLC and HPLC). In this mini-review, we will outline recent developments on the growing class of chemically tagged reagents, reactants, and substrates and highlight examples of their use in multistep synthesis.
MALDI TOF imaging mass spectrometry in clinical pathology: A valuable tool for cancer diagnostics (Review) (2014)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is an evolving technique in cancer diagnostics and combines the advantages of mass spectrometry (proteomics), detection of numerous molecules, and spatial resolution in histological tissue sections and cytological preparations. This method allows the detection of proteins, peptides, lipids, carbohydrates or glycoconjugates and small molecules.Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue can also be investigated by IMS, thus, this method seems to be an ideal tool for cancer diagnostics and biomarker discovery. It may add information to the identification of tumor margins and tumor heterogeneity. The technique allows tumor typing, especially identification of the tumor of origin in metastatic tissue, as well as grading and may provide prognostic information. IMS is a valuable method for the identification of biomarkers and can complement histology, immunohistology and molecular pathology in various fields of histopathological diagnostics, especially with regard to identification and grading of tumors.
Synthesis of derivatives of 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-D-galactose (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of derivatives of 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-D-galactoseHans H. Baer and K. S. OngCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 3, 560–563Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1969https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01255a017RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views64Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (635 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Questionable efficacy of plasma exchange for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura after bone marrow transplantation (2001)

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is an uncommon complication presumably associated with extensive endothelial cell damage due to Cyclosporine, total body irradiation, or other drugs. While the majority of patients with primary TTP, which is considered to be an autoimmune process, respond to plasma exchange, TTP after BMT has a very poor prognosis. A total of 7 patients out of 307 patients who underwent BMT were diagnosed with TTP during 1989-1999. The diagnosis of TTP was made based on thrombocytopenia and microhemangiopathic hemolytic anemia characterized by an elevated LDH and the presence of schistocytes on the peripheral blood smear. Five patients were treated with plasma exchange (PE) using fresh frozen plasma and/or cryoprecipitate poor plasma as replacement fluid. One patient was treated using a protein A column. One patient did not receive plasma exchange because the 125 patient was clinically stable and was discharged. It was hard to assess the efficacy of PE due to the multiplicity of the patients' clinical condition and laboratory data. At least 4 patients did not respond to PE and 2 patients were not able to be evaluated due to multi organ failure. However, all patients died. It is not clear at this moment if PE for patients with TTP after BMT is truly beneficial.
Postmenopausal tooth loss. Contributions to edentulism by osteoporosis and cigarette smoking (1983)

Two hundred eight white women, aged 60 to 69 years, had acquired 218 upper or lower full dentures. Each woman's smoking habits and current osteoporosis severity (percent cortical area [PCA] at metacarpal midshaft) were compared with the age at which she had acquired each full denture. Among osteoporotic women (PCA less than 70%) who still had their natural teeth at age 50 years, 44% had required a new full denture before age 60 compared with 15% of nonosteoporotic women (PCA greater than 80). Different denture requirements between these groups had not existed before age 50 but had continued after age 60. Fifty-two percent of smokers, 26% of nonsmokers, and only 8% of nonosteoporotic nonsmokers had required dentures since age 50. These observations strongly suggest that middle-aged women may be more likely to retain their teeth if they avoid smoking and undertake a program effective in preventing progression of osteoporosis.