gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interaction-based quantum metrology giving a scaling beyond the Heisenberg limit (2011)

Quantum metrology studies the use of entanglement and other quantum resources to improve precision measurement. An interferometer using N independent particles to measure a parameter χ can achieve at best the "standard quantum limit" (SQL) of sensitivity δχ ∝ N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1/2</sup> . The same interferometer using N entangled particles can achieve in principle the "Heisenberg limit" δχ ∝ N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> , using exotic states, e.g., NooN states. Recent theoretical work argues that interactions among particles may be a valuable resource for quantum metrology, allowing scaling beyond the Heisenberg limit. Specifically, a k-particle interaction will produce sensitivity δχ ∝ N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-k</sup> with appropriate entangled states and δχ ∝ N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-(k-1/2)</sup> even without entanglement. Here we demonstrate this "super-Heisenberg" scaling in a nonlinear, non-destructive measurement of the magnetisation of an atomic ensemble.
Most versus least used social media: undergraduate students' preferences, participation, lurking, and motivational factors (2020)

This investigation aimed to survey undergraduate students on their social media preference, active participation, lurking behaviours, and motivational factors. This investigation focused on participation patterns and outcomes between the students' most used social media (MUSM) and least used social media (LUSM). A total of 769 participants consented to complete the electronic survey. The investigation results indicated that as undergraduate students change their class standings, so does their use of social media. Sophomores are more active in their MUSM compared to freshman undergraduate students. Sophomores were also more likely to lurk compared to junior and senior undergraduate students. The results also indicate that both commitment and individual motivational factors encourage undergraduate students to log in and use their LUSM. Lastly, results showed that undergraduate students use and participate in social media for traditional as well as a range of alternative activities. The main alternative activity performed by undergraduate students in their MUSM and LUSM was private and direct messaging to share content and chat with others.
Edon-$\Cal R (256,384,512)$ -- an efficient implementation of Edon-$\Cal R$ family of cryptographic hash functions (2008)

summary:We have designed three fast implementations of a recently proposed family of hash functions Edon--$\Cal R$. They produce message digests of length $n=256, 384, 512$ bits and project security of $2^{\frac{n}{2}}$ hash computations for finding collisions and $2^{n}$ hash computations for finding preimages and second preimages. The design is not the classical Merkle-Damg\aa rd but can be seen as wide-pipe iterated compression function. Moreover the design is based on using huge quasigroups of orders $2^{256}$, $2^{384}$ and $2^{512}$ that are constructed by using only bitwise operations on 32 bit values (additions modulo $2^{32}$, XORs and left rotations). Initial Reference C code achieves processing speeds of 16.18 cycles/byte, 24.37 cycles/byte and 32.18 cycles/byte on x86 (Intel and AMD microprocessors). In this paper we give their full description, as well as an initial security analysis.
Evaluation of the tumor registration error in biopsy procedures performed under real‐time PET/CT guidance (2017)

The DVF obtained from DIR of the CT scans can be used for evaluation and correction of the error in needle placement with respect to the FDG-avid area. Misregistration between the pre-biopsy PET and the CT acquired with the needle in place was shown to correlate with false negative biopsy results.
Automatic Wide-Area Deployment and Caching of Component-Based Services. (2004)

GANT61-D is an important hedgehog pathway inhibitor and an interesting ligand candidate for metal coordination. The first examples of metal complexes of the potent hedgehog pathway inhibitor GANT61-D are described. The reaction of Ni(II), Pd(II), and Pt(II) precursors with the hedgehog pathway inhibitor GANT61-D gave [Ni<sup>II</sup>(GANT61-D)(OH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(μ<sup>2</sup>-SO<sub>4</sub>)(μ<sup>3</sup>-SO<sub>4</sub>)] (<b>1</b>), [Pd<sup>II</sup>(Cl)(GANT61-D)]Cl (<b>2</b>), [Pt<sup>II</sup>(Cl)(GANT61-D)]Cl, and [Pt<sup>II</sup>(CBDCA<sub>-2H</sub>)(GANT61-D)]. X-ray crystal structure analysis revealed that GANT61-D is a versatile N-donor ligand that can act as a bidentate ligand via the diaminopropane (DAP) N atoms or a tridentate ligand via the DAP N atoms and one dimethylaniline N atom. Protonation constants of the GANT61-D ligand in water and in a 60:40 (w/w) dimethyl sulfoxide-water solvent mixture were determined. Potentiometric and spectroscopic data on the Ni<sup>II</sup>(GANT61-D) system indicate the formation of octahedral 1:1 species with medium stability in solution. <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> exhibited noteworthy in vitro cytotoxicity against medulloblastoma cancer cells.
Cerebral Extracellular Calcium Activity in Severe Hypoglycemia: Relation to Extracellular Potassium and Energy State (1984)

The changes in extracellular Ca2+ (Cae) and K+ (Ke) activities were studied in the rat brain during insulin-induced hypoglycemia. At about the time of onset of isoelectric EEG in severe insulin-induced hypoglycemia (300-g male Wistar rats under 70% N2O anaesthesia), there was an increase in Ke which, at approximately 13 mM, was associated with a fall in Cae. Ke peaked at 48 +/- 12 mM, and Cae at 0.18 +/- 0.28 mM. This ion change began to normalise, but before recovery was complete a second ion change, of magnitude similar to that of the first, occurred from which the cells did not recover. The Cae recovered to only 66% of normal in the time available before the second depolarisation. Measurements on brains frozen at different stages during the sequence of ion changes revealed that ATP and phosphocreatine (PCr) concentrations and energy charge (EC) were not reduced before the first depolarisation. During the first depolarisation there was a 72% decrease in PCr and a 37% fall in ATP level, leading to a 23% drop in EC. These levels decreased further by the 10th minute of isoelectricity , but only the fall in ATP concentration was significant. The results indicate that the first ion change was a spreading depression and that cellular energy state was not the only factor in determining the response of tissue in the early stages of the comatose state.
Photocatalytic Properties of Titanium Oxide Coating Prepared by Electrophoretic Sol-Gel Deposition (2002)

In this paper Electrophoretic Sol-Gel Deposition was introduced to immobilize the TiO2 photocatalysis. Thus prepared coatings showed quite high-photocalytic activities without successive heat treatment. It is suggested that Non-heated coating showed high-photocalytic activity because it responds effectively for light, which is attributed to the nano-structure of the deposited coating.
Detection of phase- and frequency-modulated optical signals using dynamic space-charge gratings in GaAs, Bi12TiO20 and SiC crystals (poster) (2014)

International audience
Novel azacrown ether-containing spiro[indoline-2,3′-naphthoxazines]: design, synthesis and cation-dependent photochromism (2000)

Novel spironaphthoxazine compounds with an aza-15-crown-5 ether fragment at position 5′ or 9′ of the naphthalene ring were synthesised. Spectrokinetic measurements showed the occurrence of two competing formation processes for complexation with alkaline earth or rare earth metal cations. A comparative study of the prepared compounds demonstrated the role of molecular design and the metal cation nature in the cation-dependent photoinduced transformation of spiro[indoline-naphthoxazines].
Procedimiento de enfermería en el estudio del PET cerebral pediátrico con sedación-anestesia (2009)

El PET cerebral pediatrico es una exploracion funcional que utiliza un trazador radioactivo, 18F-Fluordesoxiglucosa (18FDG), que al ser captado por el cerebro puede demostrar una hipocaptacion por hipometabolismo en la zona cerebral, donde se localiza el foco epileptico. Nuestro objetivo es describir la metodologia y coordinacion entre los servicios de Neurologia, Medicina Nuclear y Anestesia que, junto con la colaboracion de los padres del nino nos permitan realizar un optimo estudio.
El paciente debe estar en ayunas de 4 horas sin dejar su medicacion antiepileptica. El personal de anestesia informa a los padres del proceso de sedacion y estos firman la hoja de consentimiento informado. Se determina glicemia y peso. Se coloca una via intravenosa y se administra la dosis de 18FDG. Transcurridos 30 minutos de reposo relativo, el nino es trasladado al tomografo. La sedacion se realiza con Propofol intravenoso en perfusion continua controlando las constantes vitales: Pulsioximetro (Sa02), Capnografia (ETC02), Ritmo cardiaco (ECG) y control visual. El estudio se realiza con un PET- TAC incluyendo craneo y cara. Las imagenes adquiridas se procesan en 3D obteniendo cortes coronales, sagitales y axiales. Tras finalizar el estudio se procede al despertar y alta ambulatoria.
El resultado de aplicar este procedimiento de enfermeria es la obtencion de imagenes de calidad que permitan localizar con precision el foco epileptico para su posterior tratamiento. Como conclusion diremos que los estudios de PET cerebral en pediatria, son de metodologia compleja y requieren de un equipo de trabajo multidisciplinario unido, coordinado con los padres.
Tumor‐reactive CD4<sup>+</sup>CD8αβ<sup>+</sup> CD103<sup>+</sup> αβT cells: A prevalent tumor‐reactive T‐cell subset in metastatic colorectal cancers (2010)

High level of T-cell infiltration in colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) is a good prognostic indicator, but the tumor reactivity of this infiltrate (tumor infiltrating lymphocytes [TIL]) is poorly documented. This study examined the presence, phenotype and functional features of tumor-reactive lymphocytes in human CRC. Freshly dissociated TIL and T cell lines were isolated from CRC samples and from some paired normal colonic mucosa. Four tumor cell lines were obtained. Autologous tumor reactivity of CRC TIL and tumor-reactive cell features were analyzed. We demonstrate the presence among CRC TIL of variable fractions (up to 18%) of double positive CD4(+) CD8αβ(+) (DP) αβ T cells. Interestingly, a high proportion (16-20%) of this TIL subset displayed tumor reactivity, whilst this was the case for no or few single positive TIL. Low levels of DP TIL were found in most CRC samples and in normal colonic mucosa, but these cells were higher in metastatic CRC. Furthermore, we showed that DP TIL were polyclonal, restricted by HLA class-I, proliferated poorly and secreted higher amounts of IL-4 and IL-13 than single positive T cells, on cognate or CD3 stimulation. DP CRC TIL also expressed CD103, confirming their mucosal origin. Increased frequencies of tumor-reactive DP TIL in metastatic CRC suggest that these cells play a role in the metastatic process of this cancer. Based on their high secretion of IL-4 and IL-13 and on previously described roles of these cytokines in cancers, we postulate that DP TIL could favor CRC growth or metastasis and/or downmodulate immune responses to these tumors.
Quantum motion of trapped ions (1995)

A single ion trapped in a harmonic potential and laser cooled at the node of a standing wave can be described in terms of the Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian known in quantum optics. Similar to nonclassical states of light we propose to prepare nonclassical states of the ion motion in a harmonic trap. In particular, several schemes for the preparation of Fock states are presented, and techniques for the preparation of squeezed states and coherent states of the ion motion are indicated. For an observation of these nonclassical states we propose to measure quantum collapse and revival in the population inversion of a single trapped ion.
Ceramide stress in survival versus lethal autophagy paradox (2012)

In a recent study, characterization of novel mechanisms that regulate lethal autophagy revealed that C 18-ceramide stress mediates LC3B-II-ceramide binding on mitochondrial membranes to target autophagosomes for mitophagy induction and tumor suppression.
Alterations in the Abundance and Co-occurrence of Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in the Colonic Mucosa of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Subjects (2018)

<i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i> and <i>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii</i>, cohabitants in the intestinal mucosa, are considered members of a healthy microbiota and reduction of both species occurs in several intestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease. Little is known however about a possible link between the reduction in quantity of these species, and in which circumstances this may occur. This study aims to determine the abundances and co-occurrence of the two species in order to elucidate conditions that may compromise their presence in the gut. Loads of <i>A. muciniphila</i>, total <i>F. prausnitzii</i> and its two phylogroup (16S rRNA gene copies) were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in colonic biopsies from 17 healthy controls (H), 23 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), 31 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 3 with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and 3 with colorectal cancer (CRC). Data were normalized to total bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies in the same sample. Prevalence, relative abundances and correlation analyses were performed according to type of disease and considering relevant clinical characteristics of patients such as IBD location, age of disease onset, CD behavior, current medication and activity status. Co-occurrence of both species was found in 29% of H, 65% of UC and 29% of CD. Lower levels of total <i>F. prausnitzii</i> and phylogroups were found in subjects with CD, compared with H subjects (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.044). In contrast, no differences were found with the regard to <i>A. muciniphila</i> abundance across different disease states, but CD patients with disease onset below 16 years of age featured a marked depletion of this species. In CD patients, correlation between <i>A. muciniphila</i> and total <i>F. prausnitzii</i> (ρ = 0.362, <i>P</i> = 0.045) was observed, and particularly in those with non-stricturing, non-penetrating disease behavior and under moderate immunosuppressants therapy. Altogether, this study revealed that co-occurrence of both species differs between disease status. In addition, IBD patients featured a reduction of <i>F. prausnitzii</i> but similar loads of <i>A. muciniphila</i> when compared to H subjects, with the exception of those with early onset CD. Depletion of <i>A. muciniphila</i> in this subgroup of subjects suggests that it could be a potential biomarker to assist in pediatric CD diagnosis.
Optimal pagination of B-trees with variable-length items (1984)

Both methods rely on dynamic programming arguments and can be interpreted as shortest-path problems. Practical approaches for implementing the algorithms are discussed.
Maximum likelihood approach for the adaptive optics point spread function reconstruction (2014)

This paper is dedicated to a new PSF reconstruction method based on a maximum likelihood approach (ML) which uses as well the telemetry data of the AO system (see Exposito et al. (2013)<sup>1</sup>). This approach allows a joint-estimation of the covariance matrix of the mirror modes of the residual phase, the noise variance and the Fried parameter <i>r</i><sub>0</sub>. In this method, an estimate of the covariance between the parallel residual phase and the orthogonal phase is required. We developed a recursive approach taking into account the temporal effect of the AO-loop, so that this covariance only depends on the r0, the wind speed and some of the parameters of the system (the gain of the loop, the interaction matrix and the command matrix). With this estimation, the high bandwidth hypothesis is no longer required to reconstruct the PSF with a good accuracy. We present the validation of the method and the results on numerical simulations (on a SCAO system) and show that our ML method allows an accurate estimation of the PSF in the case of a Shack-Hartmann (SH) wavefront sensor (WFS).
On the putative role of some norcorrins in the biosynthesis of cobyrinic acid (1990)

J. Kulka, C. Nussbaumer and D. Arigoni, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1990, 1512 DOI: 10.1039/C39900001512
A 3-DoF Experimental Test-Bed for Integrated Attitude Dynamics and Control Research (2003)

This article presents the details of a newly constructed 3-dof experimental spacecraft simulator facility at the School of Aerospace Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. The main component of the facility is a cylindrical platform located on a hemi-spherical air bearing that allows friction-free rotation about three axes. The facility includes a variety of actuators and sensors: gas thrusters, variable-speed controlled momentum gyros (which can operate solely in a reaction wheel (RW) or in a control momentum gyro (CMG) mode), a two-axial sun sensor, a high-precision three-axial rate gyro, a three-axial magnetometer, and a complementary inertial measurement unit. The facility offers a truly integrated attitude control system (IACS) for experimental testing of advanced attitude determination and control algorithms.
A novel reaction of carene (1965)

W. Cocker, P. V. R. Shannon and P. A. Staniland, Chem. Commun. (London), 1965, 254 DOI: 10.1039/C19650000254
Recent advances in biochemical technology for the processing of geothermal byproducts (1996)

Laboratory studies has shown the biochemical technology for treating brines/sludges generated in geothermal electric powerproduction to be promising, cost-efficient, and environmentally acceptable. For scaled-up field use, the new technology depends on the chemistry of the geothermal resources which influences choice of plant design and operating strategy. Latter has to be adaptable to high/low salinity, temperatures, quantity to be processed, and chemistry of brines and byproducts. These variables are of critical and economic importance in areas such as the Geysers and Salton Sea. The brines/sludges can also be converted into useful products. In a joint effort between industrial collaborators and BNL, several engineered processes for treating secondary and other byproducts from geothermal power production are being tested. In terms of field applications, there are several options. Some of these options are presented and discussed.
[Modified Ravitch operation in the treatment of patients with funnel chest]. (1989)

The characteristic traits of funnel chest have been presented and the clinical results of surgical treatment in 13 patients by the modified Ravitch method have been discussed. Nine results were excellent and four results were good. A marked improvement of general physical function of the patients due to the increase of respiratory system efficiency and a good cosmetic effect were found. The modification of the operation consists in additional longitudinal osteotomy of the sternum, suturing of the manubrium to the sternum shaft, non-suturing of the rib cartilages after resection, filling of the through-like groove in the reposited sternum with the fragments of the resected rib cartilages, and immobilization of the fragments of the longitudinally osteotomized sternum that are inserted crosswise with several (usually three) Kirschner wires, based on the thorax.
Use of Rheometry and <sup>1</sup>H NMR Spectroscopy for Understanding the Mechanisms behind the Generation of Coking Pressure (2004)

The fluid phase which forms during carbonization of a range of coals was studied using rheometry and 1H NMR spectroscopy to study the mechanisms behind the generation of excessive wall pressures during coking. It is proposed that high coking pressures are generated for low volatile matter coals when the temperature of maximum fluidity (Tmf) is >465 °C, the minimum complex viscosity (η*) is >105 Pa s, the percentage of mobile 1H (fluid phase) is <40%, and the 1H mobility in the fluid phase is <65 μs. It is suggested for these coals that the particles fuse to form a rigid network containing pockets of fluid material which have a low fluidity and do not link up. This arrangement could present an impermeable barrier for gas flow and force the gas to the coal side where it builds up in a diminishing region to a critical level, causing pressure on the walls. The magnitude of the pressure generated may be proportional to Tmf and η* and inversely proportional to the percentage and mobility of mobile 1H. It was also found that a high volatile coal which formed a highly fluid phase over a broad temperature range gave rise to a significant coking pressure. In this case, it is proposed that the sheer expansion of the coal charge as it converts to gas and liquid phases is the reason for pressure on the oven walls. These proposals agree with current thinking on the generation of coking pressure. This work is based on the testing of only nine samples and further work is planned to gain a greater fundamental understanding of fluidity development from which models for predicting coking pressure and coke quality for coal blends may be developed.
High-speed (>100 Gbit/s) EADFB laser module using flip-chip interconnection technique (2016)

High-speed optical transmitters with a flip-chip interconnection were developed. The flip-chip interconnection technique can provide a high modulation bandwidth and low electrical crosstalk. We achieved 8 × 50-Gbit/s simultaneous operation with an EADFB laser array module and 100-Gbit/s operation with an EADFB laser module.
Preparation of ring labelled adamantane derivatives II. 2‐adamantanone‐2−<sup>14</sup>C, adamantane‐2−<sup>14</sup>C and 1‐methyladamantane‐2 or 4−<sup>14</sup>C (1971)

Abstract A high‐yield, relatively simple synthetic route leading to incorporation of 14 C into the secondary position of the adamantane nucleus is described. The synthesis was achieved by the sequence shown in Figure 2. The key steps involved the introduction of a 14 C label by diazomethane‐ 14 C ring expansion of adamantanone to give 4‐homoadamantanone‐4− 14 C (I). Benzylic acid rearrangement of the corresponding homoadamantane diketone (II) gave hydroxy acid (III) which was converted by a novel reaction (SOCl 2 /benzene) to 2‐adamantanone‐2− 14 C (IV). The overall yield of labelled 2‐adamantanone was 66%. Wolff‐Kishner reduction of (IV) gave adamantane‐2− 14 C (V). This was converted to the l‐methyl derivative (VII) by treatment of the corresponding bromide (VI) with methylmagnesium bromide.
Determination of the Self-diffusion Coefficient of Nickel Atoms in Nickel Sulfide (1968)

Abstract The self-diffusion coefficient of ions or atoms in such crystals as halides, oxides and sulfides can be determined from the rate of the diffusion-controlled solid-state reaction as well as by the tracer method. In the present study, the self-diffusion coefficient of nickel atoms in nickel sulfide was determined from the rates of the sulfidation and desulfidation of nickel sulfide in H2S-H2gas mixtures. The results agreed well with the data obtained by the previous investigators employing the tracer technique.
A methodology and design for effective testing of voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) (2002)

In this paper, a cost-effective DFT solution for the testing of ring oscillator-based VCOs is presented. The strategy is based on the reconfiguration concept: we propose to modify the circuit so that the VCO operates as a digital structure in test mode. The test can then be performed on a standard digital tester, avoiding the use of costly mixed-signal test equipment. In addition, simulation results show that the use of an adequate digital test strategy permits one to obtain better fault coverage than a classical functional center frequency test.