gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical properties of Pr3+ ions in lithium borate glasses (1996)

The absorption spectra of Pr 3+ are studied in the following lithium borate glasses : MCO 3 +Li 2 CO 3 +H 3 BO 3 , where M=Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba. The observed band positions are analysed in terms of a parameterised Hamiltonian model that consists of 14 interaction parameters of atomic nature. Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters for f-f transitions are derived from the integrated absorption spectra and used to calculate the radiative properties for fluorescent levels, 3 P 1 , 3 P 0 and 1 D 2 , of Pr 3+ ions. The variations in the optical properties due to compositional changes of the glasses are discussed.
Accelerated Stability Test Techniques for Middle Distillate Fuels (1981)

Improved test techniques are needed for evaluating the inherent stability of middle distillate fuels both in surveillance and in procurement activities. A project was initiated to define and evaluate the contributing conditions leading to the formation of deleterious products in accelerated aging tests of middle distillate fuels and to relate these results to an experimental definition of more repeatable/reliable middle distillate fuel stability test technique(s). A literature search was conducted to provide a list of stability test techniques and their interpretations which could be used in a correlative middle distillate fuel stability test program. For this program, seven accelerated stability tests were chosen and evaluated using a set of six test fuels. The test techniques were selected to represent a wide variety of test conditions, including temperature, aging time, and oxygen availability. These six test fuels were purposely chosen to represent a wider range of stabilities than would necessarily be commonly available for procurement. The fuel properties generally measured included both adherent and suspended particulates, steam jet gum, color, and light absorbance at 540 nm. Accelerated stability test results were then related to test results obtained at a storage temperature of 43.3°C, which has generally been regarded as showing good correlation with long-term ambient storage.
Bioactive Benzofuran Neolignans from Aristolochia fordiana (2013)

Six new benzofuran neolignans (1-6) were isolated from the EtOAc-soluble fraction of the aerial part of Aristolochia fordiana, together with twelve known analogues (7-18). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. All isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccaride-activated RAW264.7 macrophages and for their cytotoxic activities on three human cancer cell lines. Compound 2 showed significant nitric oxide production inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 10.00 µM, while compound 16 exhibited cytotoxic activity with an IC50 value of 11.9 µM against MG-63 and compound 18 of 9.15 µM against HepG2 cell lines, respectively.
The role of glucocorticoid in SIRPα and SHP-1 gene expression in AIHA patients (2009)

The aim of this work was to evaluate the regulation of SIRP alpha, an inhibitory phagocyte receptor, and the phosphatase SHP-1 in monocytes of patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and the role of dexamethasone on SIRP alpha and SHP-1 gene expression and erythrophagocytosis in vitro. SIRP alpha and SHP-1 expression was higher in monocytes from AIHA patients compared with normal, returning to normal after glucocorticoid therapy. SIRP alpha and SHP-1 mRNA expression was upregulated in healthy monocytes treated with dexamethasone compared with basal; however, the erythrophagocytic ability was not altered. Our results point to a minor role of SIRP alpha and SHP-1 in determining AIHA.
Study of Ni-Catalyzed Graphitization Process of Diamond by <i>in Situ</i> X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (2018)

Graphene on diamond has been attracting considerable attention due to the unique and highly beneficial features of this heterostructure for a range of electronic applications. Here, ultrahigh-vacuum X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used for <i>in situ</i> analysis of the temperature dependence of the Ni-assisted thermally induced graphitization process of intrinsic nanocrystalline diamond thin films (65 nm thickness, 50-80 nm grain size) on silicon wafer substrates. Three major stages of diamond film transformation are determined from XPS during the thermal annealing in the temperature range from 300 °C to 800 °C. Heating from 300 °C causes removal of oxygen; formation of the disordered carbon phase is observed at 400 °C; the disordered carbon progressively transforms to graphitic phase whereas the diamond phase disappears from the surface from 500 °C. In the well-controllable temperature regime between 600 °C and 700 °C, the nanocrystalline diamond thin film is mainly preserved, while graphitic layers form on the surface as the predominant carbon phase. Moreover, the graphitization is facilitated by a disordered carbon interlayer that inherently forms between diamond and graphitic layers by Ni catalyst. Thus, the process results in formation of a multilayer heterostructure on silicon substrate.
Is human information processing conscious? (1991)

Abstract Investigations of the function of consciousness in human information processing have focused mainly on two questions: (1) Where does consciousness enter into the information processing sequence, and (2) how does conscious processing differ from preconscious and unconscious processing? Input analysis is thought to be initially “preconscious” and “pre-attentive” - fast, involuntary, and automatic. This is followed by “conscious,” “focal-attentive” analysis, which is relatively slow, voluntary, and flexible. It is thought that simple, familiar stimuli can be identified preconsciously, but conscious processing is needed to identify complex, novel stimuli. Conscious processing has also been thought to be necessary for choice, learning and memory, and the organization of complex, novel responses, particularly those requiring planning, reflection, or creativity. The present target article reviews evidence that consciousness performs none of these functions. Consciousness nearly always results from focal-attentive processing (as a form of output) but does not itself enter into this or any other form of human information processing. This suggests that the term “conscious process” needs reexamination. Consciousness appears to be necessary in a variety of tasks because they require focal-attentive processing; if consciousness is absent, focal-attentive processing is absent. From a first-person perspective , however, conscious states are causally effective. First-person accounts are complementary to third-person accounts. Although they can be translated into third-person accounts, they cannot be reduced to them.
Order Assignment and Scheduling in a Supply Chain (2006)

We consider the supply chain of a manufacturer who produces time-sensitive products that have a large variety, a short life cycle, and are sold in a very short selling season. The supply chain consists of multiple overseas plants and a domestic distribution center (DC). Retail orders are first processed at the plants and then shipped from the plants to the DC for distribution to domestic retailers. Due to variations in productivity and labor costs at different plants, the processing time and cost of an order are dependent on the plant to which it is assigned. We study the following static and deterministic order assignment and scheduling problem faced by the manufacturer before every selling season: Given a set of orders, determine which orders are to be assigned to each plant, find a schedule for processing the assigned orders at each plant, and find a schedule for shipping the completed orders from each plant to the DC, such that a certain performance measure is optimized. We consider four different performance measures, all of which take into account both delivery lead time and the total production and distribution cost. A problem corresponding to each performance measure is studied separately. We analyze the computational complexity of various cases of the problems by either proving that a problem is intractable or providing an efficient exact algorithm for the problem. We propose several fast heuristics for the intractable problems. We analyze the worst-case and asymptotic performance of the heuristics and also computationally evaluate their performance using randomly generated test instances. Our results show that the heuristics are capable of generating near-optimal solutions quickly.
Study of Impact and Compression Damage on Asian Pears (1987)

ABSTRACT RESULTS of impact and compression tests on Chojuro, Twentieth Century, Tsu Li, and Ya Li varieties of Asian pears indicate that Chojuro pears are the firmest and most resistant to mechanical damage. At the time of harvest, Tsu Li and Ya Li pears could resist mechanical damage nearly as well as Chojuro pears, but they become more susceptible to bruising in cold storage. Twentieth Century pears are most sensitive to impact and compression bruising. Increased time in the ripening room produces more softening and increased bruise resistance of Chojuro and Twentieth Century pears than of Tsu Li and Ya Li pears.
Subpicosecond all-fibre erbium laser (1991)

A nonlinear amplifying loop mirror has been turned into a laser by feedback of the output to the input through a fibre-pigtailed optical isolator. After some optimisation, pulses as short as 314 fs were produced. The pump powers are low enough that laser diodes could be used for pumping.
Thermal conductivity in ultraoriented polyethylene (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermal conductivity in ultraoriented polyethyleneD. B. Mergenthaler, M. Pietralla, S. Roy, and H. G. KilianCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 13, 3500–3502Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00039a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00039a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views873Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
CD3+, CD4+ & CD8+ tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are predictors of favourable survival outcome in infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast. (2014)

Our results suggest that intratumoural CD4+ and stromal CD8+ counts by immunohistochemistry may serve as an independent prognosticator for favourable outcome in breast cancer.
Extensive DNA Fragmentation in Oxyphilic Cell Lesions of the Thyroid (2001)

The in situ end-labeling (ISEL) method demonstrates DNA fragmentation, commonly regarded as a marker of apoptosis. We investigated by the ISEL procedure a series of 52 thyroid lesions, including 24 lesions of mitochondrion-rich oxyphilic cells, both benign and malignant, and 28 non-oxyphilic control tumors. A high percentage of nuclear ISEL staining (approximating to 100% in most cases) was observed in the vast majority of oxyphilic cells from both adenomas and carcinomas, in the absence of morphological apoptotic changes and with no immunocytochemical evidence of caspase activation. This pattern of DNA fragmentation was not observed in non-oxyphilic lesions and was confirmed in total extracted DNA. Moreover, a peculiar cytoplasmic staining was also observed in oxyphilic cells from both benign and malignant lesions, probably related to abnormal fragmentation of mitochondrial DNA. Similar staining patterns were detected in oxyphilic cell tumors of other organs (parathyroids, salivary glands, and kidneys). These findings are consistent with an extensive DNA fragmentation peculiar to oxyphilic cells, which is not directly related to apoptosis and whose origin and biological significance are presently unknown. (J Histochem Cytochem 49:1003–1011, 2001)
Status of caustic and emulsion methods (1975)

The first patent on caustic flooding for improved oil recovery was issued in the U.S. in 1927. Since that time, an extensive published record of research and field testing has accumulated. There are now several proposed mechanisms by which caustic waterflooding may improve oil recovery. These include (1) emulsification and entrainment, (2) wettability reversal (oil-wet to water-wet), (3) wettability reversal (water-wet to oil-wet), and (4) emulsification and entrapment. Each mechanism requires somewhat different initial conditions with respect to reservoir oil, rock, and injection water properties, and each process is designed to improve oil recovery in a somewhat different manner. Oil-in-water emulsion injection as a means for improving waterflood efficiency is related to caustic flooding, but its development and field application are less advanced. The proposed mechanisms by which these oil recovery processes operate, the conditions required for successful application, recommended laboratory screening methods, and the published results of field testing experience are reviewed. (36 refs.)
Transactional Model of Graph Transformations in Computer Aided Design (2013)

Different types of graphs have successfully been used to represent different objects in design problems. Graph transformations are often used as a way to generate, update and modify such graphs. Typical use of graph productions assumes that change of a graph is done by applying a single transformation or a sequence of independent productions. Yet, in many real life design tasks the application of a production may depend on the possibility of applying other productions. Moreover the productions required to be applied usually only depend on the current graph so the set of productions cannot be defined apriori. In this paper we present a novel approach, called a transactional model, where a set of productions is dynamically chosen in a way that it is possible to fulfill a common goal.. Only if all of the productions can be applied the whole transaction is carried out. The approach is illustrated with the problem from the domain of architectural design.
Validated Instruments for Assessing Female Sexual Function (2002)

In this article, we review five instruments for assessing female sexual dysfunction (FSD): the Brief Index of Sexual Functioning for Women (BISF-W; Taylor, Rosen, & Leiblum, 1994), the Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (CSFQ; Clayton, McGarvy, & Clavet, 1997), the Derogatis Interview for Sexual Functioning (DISF/DISF-SR; Derogatis, 1997), the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI; Rosen et al., 2000), and the Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS; Rust & Golombok, 1986). The purpose of this article is to highlight the psychometric properties of these questionnaires in an effort to assist researchers in selecting effective measurement tools for FSD.
HTML stylesheet sourcebook (1997)

Introduction to HTML and Stylesheets. HyperText Markup Language Review. Stylesheets Tutorial, Part 1: Fonts and Typefaces. Tutorial, Part 2: Text Formatting Control. Tutorial, Part 3: Formatting and Positioning of Elements. Tutorial Part 4: Backgrounds, Miscellaneous Properties and the Stylesheet Cascade. Example Stylesheet Designs. CSS Language Reference. Advanced Features/Future Developments. Appendices. Glossary. Index.
U.S. Foreign Production and Unions (1995)

Based on analysis of industry by region data the author finds little evidence that U.S. unions have been a significant factor in the decision of U.S. firms to produce abroad. In effect, the composition of U.S. foreign production does not appear to be drawn from U.S. industries with especially high domestic unionization. Corresponding with previous research, the research do indicate that monopoly power, foreign tariffs and barriers, and the size and distance of foreign markets and important determinants of U.S. foreign production.
Applicability of four‐dimensional modulations to digital satellites: a simulation study (1995)

Abstract We examine multidimensional modulation schemes in view of their application to digital satellite communications systems. In particular, we focus our attention on four‐dimensional signals and describe the applicability of several coded constellations based on Q 2 PSK with optimum selection of baseband signals. Equal‐energy signal sets, signals carved from lattices, convo‐lutionally‐encoded and trellis‐encoded schemes are compared by evaluating their performance by computer simulation in a channel model that includes the effects of linear filters, nonlinear amplifiers, and carrier and timing recovery circuits. Among the schemes considered here, trellis‐coded modulation seems to offer the best tradeoff between performance and complexity.
Prioriteiten In de Public Health (2003)

Er is veel te doen op het terrein van de gezondheidsbevordering. Gelet op het overheidsbeleid, waarin nog steeds bijna alle middelen naar de curatieve zorg gaan, zullen we dus prioriteiten moeten stellen. Experts menen dat we ons vooral moeten toeleggen op het verbeteren van de leefstijl.
Our energy, regaining control: A strategy for economic revival through redesign in energy use (1981)

Feeling that the US has lost control over its energy system, the authors explain in detail how to abolish what they consider to be the chaotic and inflationary energy system of the past decade. This work focuses on improving the efficiency of energy use by fostering myriad approaches to conserving fuel, instead of utilizing only a handful of energy-supply technologies. The authors prescribe specific, practical alternatives that will lead to more-effective methods and procedures - without causing severe and unsettling disruptions of our current life style. They contend that American enterprise is capable of creating, developing, and adopting an adequate research base and a suitable economic climate, which will inevitably bring about improved efficiency in our use of energy. They propose the renovation of present policies concerning taxation, economic regulation, and energy pricing, and they demonstrate that no additional central power stations are needed. Exploring all aspects of energy use, the study investigates such critical areas as the trends in material consumption (including saturation effects), the basic economics of improvements in energy use, the nation's present energy course, and the reasons for the rapid rises in energy costs. Coverage is devoted to such essential concerns as controlling the hazards ofmore » coal and nuclear power; the potential for solar energy; and fuel conservation in passenger transportation, industry, and the home.« less
Cancer in homozygotes and heterozygotes of ataxia-telangiectasia and xeroderma pigmentosum in Britain. (1988)

We have documented mortality and cancer incidence in the families of 67 patients with ataxia-telangiectasia and 48 patients with xeroderma pigmentosum resident in Britain. For both diseases, parents of patients are obligate heterozygotes and grandparents have a probability of heterozygosity of 0.5. Fourteen ataxia-telangiectasia patients had died by June 30, 1986. This was a significant excess (14 deaths observed, 1.65 expected). Only one death was from a malignancy (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma). Three parents of ataxia-telangiectasia patients had died, all from cancer. The excess from breast cancer (two deaths observed, 0.17 expected) was statistically significant, p less than 0.05. However, no excess mortality from malignant neoplasms was found in the grandparents. Five xeroderma pigmentosum patients had died, none from internal malignancies. No excess mortality from malignant neoplasms was recorded in either their parents or grandparents.
Neutrophil phagocytic and bactericidal function in primary biliary cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases. (1987)

We have examined neutrophil phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, alcoholic liver disease and chronic active hepatitis in comparison with age and sex matched controls. Significant decrease in neutrophil phagocytosis was found in both early and advanced primary biliary cirrhosis while impaired phagocytosis was seen in alcoholic cirrhosis but not in alcoholic fatty liver. In both disorders the effect appeared to be mediated by the patient's serum as there was no difference between patient and control neutrophil function when the test was performed in AB serum. Although total bacterial killing was reduced in chronic active hepatitis, phagocytosis was not impaired. Intracellular killing was not affected in any of the liver disease groups. These results support the view that serum factors exist in patients with liver disease which inhibit neutrophil phagocytosis. While these studies confirm earlier finding in alcoholic liver disease, this is the first demonstration of such a defect in primary biliary cirrhosis.
Carrying Wireless Traffic over IP Using Realtime Transport Protocol Multiplexing (2000)

The RTP/UDP/IP protocol suite is in the process of being standardized for multiplexing realtime flows. It aims at reducing header overhead, therefore, it is apt for transporting compressed voice in access links or in the core of mobile communication networks. To provide realtime quality of service, networks require traffic parameters which can be met using a spacer. In this paper, an analysis for the RTP/UDP/IP multiplexing scheme including spacing is derived. Influences on the performance of the system are investigated. An optimum value for the multiplexing timer is found and the effects of the load on the system is shown. A numerical comparison of various voice data multiplexing and tunneling alternatives is presented. The affinity to AAL-2 multiplexing in ATM is pointed out throughout the paper and the fundamental differences with respect to performance are explained.
Burns in functional electric stimulation: two case reports. (1987)

Electric stimulation of nerve and muscle is a widely used procedure for diagnosis and therapy in spinal cord injured patients. Damage from such stimulation can occur in the form of tissue burns. Two cases of burns in spinal cord patients receiving functional electric stimulation are presented. It is concluded that to avoid burning of tissue: a stimulating electrode with a large surface should be used; uniform contact between the electrode and the skin should be insured; a good conducting-material interface between the electrode and skin is required; adequate ventilation for heat dissipation should be provided; sharply cut electrode corners, wire insulation damage, and cuts in lead wires must be avoided.
Die urnenfelderzeitlichen Bronzeknöpfe vom Typ Dixenhausen (2018)

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Serum Cytokine Profile in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis Infected by <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> (2017)

High levels of IL-17 and its regulatory cytokines in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis infected by Aspergillus flavus raise a concern about effective disease management and therapeutic recovery. Surgical removal of the nasal polyp being the chief management option, the choice of post-operative drugs may differ in eosinophilic vs. non-eosinophilic nasal polyposis. The prognosis is likely poor, warranting extended care.