gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<b>Electrophilic Addition to Olefins. II.</b><sup>1</sup> <b>Addition of Deuterium Halides to Indene; the Mechanism of Addition</b><sup>2</sup> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrophilic Addition to Olefins. II.1Addition of Deuterium Halides to Indene; the Mechanism of Addition2Michael J. S. Dewar and Robert C. FaheyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 15, 2248–2252Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00898a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00898a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views168Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gamma Radiation Induced Degradation of Operating Quantum Dot Lasers (2008)

The degradation of quantum dot lasers (QDLs) due to 1.17 and 1.22 MeV gamma radiation is characterized by changes in threshold current, external slope efficiency and light output. Both operating and non-operating lasers were exposed to a Co-60 source, providing gamma radiation at a dose rate of 0.4 kGy/hr to a total absorbed dose of 1.6 MGy. Degradation rates of exposed, non-operating QDLs were found to be more rapid than for operating QDLs during exposure, suggesting competition between radiation damage effects and annealing effects induced by operation. This is supported by annealing effects exhibited by unexposed, operating lasers resulting in increases in slope efficiency and light output. Differential output power comparisons indicate that degradation is predominately due to changes in current injection efficiency and not increases in non-radiative recombination in the active region.
Gel‐Free Secondary Growth of Uniformly Oriented Silica MFI Zeolite Films and Application for Xylene Separation (2013)

Zeolite membranes: A promising method is reported for the fabrication of oriented silica MFI zeolite films (see picture; TPAOH=tetrapropylammonium hydroxide). The films synthesized by using this method exhibit an outstanding performance for the separation of p- and o-xylene. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Treatment of L5-S1 Spondyloptosis by staged L5 Resection With Reduction and Fusion of L4 Onto S1 (Gaines Procedure) (1994)

Despite the relatively high complication rate, with appropriate patient selection, planning, and surgical technique, this procedure appears to be a sound method for treating severe cases of spondyloptosis, yielding very high patient satisfaction.
Selected Papers from OMS'07, the 2nd Topical Meeting of the European Optical Society on Optical Microsystems (OMS) (2008)

OMS'07 was the 2nd Topical Meeting of the European Optical Society (EOS) on Optical Microsystems (OMS). It was organized by the EOS in the frame of its international topical meeting activity, and after the success of the inaugural meeting was once again held in Italy, 30 September to 3 October 2007, amidst the wonderful scenery of the Island of Capri.
20 dB on-off Raman amplification in silicon waveguides (2005)

We report on-off optical gains of 20 dB in silicon-on-insulator waveguides. Free carrier and two photon absorption of 4 dB is measured indicating an intrinsic Raman gain of 24 dB
Ecology and evolution of antibiotic resistance (2009)

The evolution of bacterial pathogens towards antibiotic resistance is not just a relevant problem for human health, but a fascinating example of evolution that can be studied in real time as well. Although most antibiotics are natural compounds produced by environmental microbiota, exposure of bacterial populations to high concentrations of these compounds as the consequence of their introduction for human therapy (and later on for farming) a few decades ago is a very recent situation in evolutionary terms. Resistance genes are originated in environmental bacteria, where they have evolved for millions of years to play different functions that include detoxification, signal trafficking or metabolic functions among others. However, as the consequence of the strong selective pressure exerted by antimicrobials at clinical settings, farms and antibiotic-contaminated natural ecosystems, the selective forces driving the evolution of these potential resistance determinants have changed in the last few decades. Natural ecosystems contain a large number of potential resistance genes; nevertheless, just a few of them are currently present in gene-transfer units and disseminated among pathogens. Along the review, the processes implied in this situation and the consequences for the future evolution of resistance and the environmental microbiota are discussed.
Studies on the clonal origin of multiple myeloma. Use of individually specific (idiotype) antibodies to trace the oncogenic event to its earliest point of expression in B-cell differentiation. (1979)

IgA myeloma proteins of kappa- and lambda-types were isolated from two patients. These were used to produce and purify anti-idiotype antibodies of both broad (myeloma-related) and narrow (individual myeloma) specificities. The anti-idiotype antibodies were conjugated with fluorochromes and used as immunofluorescent probes to trace in the patients clonal expansion at different levels of B-cell differentiation. Our results (a) confirm that B lymphocyte precursors in IgA plasma-cell myelomas are involved in the malignant process, (b) show that B lymphocytes of the malignant clone include those expressing each of the major heavy-chain isotypes, mu, delta, gamma, and alpha, and (c) provide strong circumstantial evidence that pre-B-cell members of the malignant clone are also increased in frequency. T cells expressing idiotypic determinants were not detected. These findings argue that the initial oncogenic event may occur in a B-stem cell and is not influenced through stimulation by antigen. An interesting association was the increased frequency of related clones of B lymphocytes as detected by their reactivity with anti-idiotype antibodies of broad specificity. Neither plasma cell nor pre-B-cell members of these related clones were increased in frequency. Anti-idiotype antibodies or helper T cells reactive with myeloma-related idiotypes could be responsible for this phenomenon. We discuss other implications of these findings and speculate that all of the various phenotypes of B-lineage malignancies may result from oncogenic processes affecting stem cell targets.
Sympathetic Current Pulses in Atmospheric Pressure Weakly Ionized Acetylene/Argon Plasma (2012)

It has been observed that current pulses in corona-based atmospheric-pressure weakly ionized plasma can be synchronized between needles, dependent on the gap between the needles. This observation was made via a series of experiments utilizing a statistically significant number of current pulses at varying spacing between needles.
Endothelial cell–based therapy for hematopoiesis (2007)

[Comment on Chute et al, page 2365][1]Infusion of endothelial cells may assist the recovery of hematopoiesis after bone marrow damage induced by cytotoxic therapies such as those used in cancer patients.

The interactions between endothelial cells (ECs) and hematopoietic cells have long fascinated
Identification of trans-1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy-6-nitrochrysene as a major mutagenic metabolite of 6-nitrochrysene. (1984)

Liver 9000 X g supernatant from rats was used to study the metabolism of [6- 14C]nitrochrysene under aerobic conditions. The major ethyl acetate-soluble metabolite (1.06 nmol/mg of protein in 30 min) was identified as 1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy-6-nitrochrysene, based on its mass, UV, and proton magnetic resonance spectra. Under aerobic conditions, 6-aminochrysene was not detected as a metabolite. However, when incubations were carried out in an atmosphere of 4% O2 in N2, both 1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy-6-nitrochrysene (0.04 nmol/mg of protein) and 6-aminochrysene (0.05 nmol/mg of protein) were detected. Further metabolism of the 14C-labeled 1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy-6-nitrochrysene by rat liver 9000 X g supernatant under aerobic conditions gave a major metabolite which was identified tentatively as 1,2-dihydroxy-6-nitrochrysene. The mutagenic activities of 6-nitrochrysene, trans-1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy-6-nitrochrysene and 6-aminochrysene were assessed in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100 and TA98. In the absence of rat liver 9000 X g supernatant, trans-1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy-6-nitrochrysene was the more potent mutagen in TA100 but, in TA98, it was less active than was 6-nitrochrysene. In the presence of rat liver 9000 X g supernatant, both trans-1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy-6-nitrochrysene and 6-nitrochrysene were more mutagenic in TA100 than in the assays performed without an activating system, and the dihydrodiol metabolite was more mutagenic than was 6-nitrochrysene. In TA98 with activation, trans-1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy-6-nitrochrysene, 6-aminochrysene, and 6-nitrochrysene were all mutagenic. The results of this study indicate that trans-1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy-6-nitrochrysene is a major proximate mutagen of 6-nitrochrysene in S. typhimurium TA100.
Nephrocalcinosis in Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia (1991)

An association between homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and nephrocalcinosis has not, to our knowledge, been previously reported. Evaluation in 10 cases of homozygous FH revealed evidence of nephrocalcinosis in 7 cases. Fine, uniform calcifications in the renal papillae were demonstrated by renal ultrasound or CT. Renal papillary necrosis was demonstrated by intravenous pyelogram in one case. No renal function impairment was noted in these seven patients. There was no evidence of hypercalcemia. These findings may have implications for the use of a potentially nephrotoxic drug for the treatment of this disease—in particular, when an immunosuppressive agent is required following liver transplantation.
[Novel mechanism of vasodilatation]. (2010)

Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) plays an important role in modulating vascular tone. Although several candidates for EDHF have been proposed, we have demonstrated that endothelium-derived hydrogen peroxide(H2(0)2) is an EDHF in mouse and human mesenteric arteries and porcine coronary microvessels, which was subsequently confirmed by other investigators in human and canine coronary microvessels. We have also demonstrated that endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is a major source of EDHF/H2(0)2, where Cu, Zn-SOD is involved. Furthermore, we showed that genetic disruption of all three NOS isoforms abolishes EDHF responses in mice and that endothelial NOSs system has diverse vasodilator functions depending on the vessel size, mainly contributing to EDHF/H2(0)2 responses in microvessels while serving as a NO-generating system in large arteries.
Impact of Drudgery Reducing Technologies among Farmwomen of Gorakhpur and Deoria districts of U. P. (2017)

The present study investigates awareness and adoption towards improved farm tools and implements by the women farmers in Gorakhpur and Deoria districts of Uttar Pradesh. Data were gathered from 200 women farmers through a well-structured questionnaire, focused group discussion and personal interview. Findings revealed that women farmers use traditional tools and implements since a long time but most of the women farmers felt immense drudgery in their use. It was also found that most of the farmers were unaware of improved farm tools and implements, which reduce drudgery. The results also suggested that the respondents were willing to accept the information and subsequent use the improved tools and implements. This study can provide scope for promotion of technology in gender perspective towards the challenges of farmwomen would help in reducing drudgery and occupational health problems of women workers in agriculture.
Experimental Study of the Cooling Characteristics of Polymer Filaments in FDM and Impact on the Mesostructures and Properties of Prototypes (2003)

The bonding quality among polymer filaments in the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process determines the integrity and mechanical properties of the resultant prototypes. This research investigates the bond formation among extruded acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filaments in the FDM process. Experimental measurements of the temperature profiles were carried out for different specimens and their effects on mesostructures and mechanical properties were observed. Models describing the formation of bonds among polymer filaments during the FDM process are discussed. Predictions of the degree of bonding achieved during the filament deposition process were made based on thermal analysis of extruded polymer filaments. The bond quality was assessed based on the growth of the neck formed between adjacent filaments and their failure under flexural loading. Further experimental work is underway to assess the validity of the proposed models.
Spatial harmonic distortion: a test for focal plane nonlinearity (1991)

A new measurement technique for focal plane linearity was investigated experimentally. The spatial harmonic distortion test consists of projecting spatial sine waves of irradiance onto a focal plane by means of a Young's fringe technique. If the detectors in the array have a linear responsivity, a sinusoidal input waveform is mapped to a sinusoidal output. However, if the detectors in the array have a nonlinear responsivity (i.e., saturation), then the output waveform will exhibit harmonic distortion. When the Fourier transform of the array data is taken, the content at the second and third harmonics of the original sine-wave spatial frequency indicates the amount of nonlinearity in the aggregate array response. Measurement results are included for two focal planes: a vidicon tube camera and a solid-state charge-injection device (CID) camera. The minimum harmonic distortion measured was 3%. The sensitivity of this test is limited ultimately by the amount of spatial nonuniformity. Numerical and analytical models are given that indicate the minimum detectable harmonic distortion is in the range of a few percent. This test also allows measurement of the spatial-frequency dependence of the nonlinearity, a quantity that is not accessible with the usual flat-field techniques for linearity assessment.
Remote learning environment for visual based robot navigation (2008)

This paper presents a Web-based remote laboratory that gives remotely located students the opportunity to experiment different navigation algorithms on a mobile robot connected to Internet. The e-learning system consists of a Web interface that allows uploading the program to the mobile robot, access the on-board video camera and monitor different state variables.
Introduction to Acoustic Compressors (2000)

Abstract The emergence of acoustic compressors has been made possible by the development of a new technology called Resonant MacroSonic Synthesis (RMS). RMS allows the creation of macrosonic standing waves in acoustic resonators. The shape of the resonator controls the nonlinear fluid dynamic processes by which energy is transferred to higher harmonics. Through this process resonators have been designed that allow high-amplitude shock-free waveforms. A variable reluctance driver is used to transfer energy into the resonator. The entire resonator is oscillated along its axis at the fundamental acoustic resonance frequency. This process is called entire resonator drive. The valve technology used in these compressors is similar to that of conventional reciprocating compressors. Acoustic compressors are inherently variable capacity and oil-free. Other unique characteristics are flexible orientation and low profile packaging option. Development focuses on vapor-compression applications. The application discussed here is spot-cooling.
Baroreceptor and somatic sensory regulation of kidney function in two‐kidney, one‐clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats. (1994)

The aim of this investigation was to characterize the renal haemodynamic and tubular responses to somatic afferent nerve stimulation following the removal of afferent nerve input from the atria or the carotid sinuses in chloralose-urethane-anaesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats and two-kidney, one-clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats. Bilateral stimulation of the brachial nerve plexi at 15 V, 1.3 Hz for 0.2 ms resulted in an increase in systemic blood pressure in each group of 10-40%, while renal perfusion pressure was maintained at a constant level. There were significantly larger falls in left renal blood flow and combined left and right glomerular filtration rate in all groups following selective denervation of either the cardiopulmonary or the carotid sinus baroreceptors, respectively. Brachial nerve stimulation decreased urine flow rate and absolute and fractional sodium excretion from both kidneys in Sprague-Dawley intact animals by 53, 65 and 59%; in vagotomized animals by 68, 77 and 63%; and in carotid sinus denervated animals by 86, 90 and 48%, respectively. The renal response in the Goldblatt group were similar to the normotensive group, but the main contribution of the total response was from the untouched left kidney. The inhibitory influence of the vagus and carotid sinuses on the renal sympathetic nerve-mediated sodium and water resorption appeared to be enhanced in the Goldblatt hypertensive rats when compared with the normotensive rats. The renal functional responses to somatic afferent nerve stimulation appeared to be well preserved in the renovascular hypertensive rats, although there were important differences in the contributions to the responses from the left and right kidneys. Furthermore, the baroreceptors exerted a greater influence on basal renal function in the hypertensive rats.
{sup 9}Be and {sup 11}B NMR study of superconductivity in boron doped UBe{sub 13} (1994)

We present {sup 9}Be and {sup 11}B NMR spin-lattice relaxation rate (1/T{sub 1}) measurements in UBe{sub 13-x}B{sub x} for x = 0.03 and 0.07 over the temperature range 0.096 K to 2 K. The temperature dependence of 1/T{sub 1} shows a strong B concentration dependence, especially at low temperatures. We interpret this behavior as consistent with gapless superconductivity induced by the addition of B impurities. The ratio of the {sup 9}Be to {sup 11}B 1/T{sub 1} increases with decreasing temperature below {Tc} indicating additional contributions to the {sup 9}Be relaxation rate, possibly from nuclear spin diffusion to normal-state vortex cores or paramagnetic impurities.
Indium Tribromide Catalyzed Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Alkynylsugars. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Malignancy in giant cell tumor of bone: analysis of an open-label phase 2 study of denosumab (2021)

clinicaltrials.gov , ( NCT00680992 ). Registered May 20, 2008.
Two-color STED microscopy reveals different degrees of colocalization between hexokinase-I and the three human VDAC isoforms (2010)

The voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC, also known as mitochondrial porin) is the major transport channel mediating the transport of metabolites, including ATP, across the mitochondrial outer membrane. Biochemical data demonstrate the binding of the cytosolic protein hexokinase-I to VDAC, facilitating the direct access of hexokinase-I to the transported ATP. In human cells, three hVDAC isoforms have been identified. However, little is known on the distribution of these isoforms within the outer membrane of mitochondria and to what extent they colocalize with hexokinase-I. In this study we show that whereas hVDAC1 and hVDAC2 are localized predominantly within the same distinct domains in the outer membrane, hVDAC3 is mostly uniformly distributed over the surface of the mitochondrion. We used two-color stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy enabling a lateral resolution of ~40 nm to determine the detailed sub-mitochondrial distribution of the three hVDAC isoforms and hexokinase-I. Individual hVDAC and hexokinase-I clusters could thus be resolved which were concealed in the confocal images. Quantitative colocalization analysis of two-color STED images demonstrates that within the attained resolution, hexokinase-I and hVDAC3 exhibit a higher degree of colocalization than hexokinase-I with either hVDAC1 or hVDAC2. Furthermore, a substantial fraction of the mitochondria-bound hexokinase-I pool does not colocalize with any of the three hVDAC isoforms, suggesting a more complex interplay of these proteins than previously anticipated. This study demonstrates that two-color STED microscopy in conjunction with quantitative colocalization analysis is a powerful tool to study the complex distribution of membrane proteins in organelles such as mitochondria.PACS: 87.16.Tb, 87.85.Rs.
Molecular Pathogenesis of Rhabdomyosarcoma (2002)

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a family of soft tissue tumors that are associated with the skeletal muscle lineage and generally occur in the pediatric population. Based on histopathologic features, two subtypes, embryonal (ERMS) and alveolar (ARMS), were identified and associated with distinct clinical characteristics and genetic alterations. ARMS is associated with 2;13 or 1;13 chromosomal translocations, which generate PAX3-FKHR and PAX7-FKHR fusion products, respectively. These translocations result in altered expression, function, and subcellular localization of the fusion products relative to the wild-type proteins, and ultimately contribute to oncogenic behavior by modifying growth, differentiation, and apoptosis pathways. In contrast to the specific translocations found in ARMS, most ERMS cases have allelic loss at chromosome 11p15.5. Chromosome fragment transfer studies demonstrated that this region represses tumor cell growth, suggesting the presence of tumor suppressor gene(s) in this region. In both ERMS and ARMS, there is evidence of collaborating alterations that affect common targets, such as the p53 and RB pathways. One mechanism for perturbing these pathways involves amplification of genes such as MDM2 and CDK4; these amplification events occur frequently in ARMS but only rarely in ERMS. Therefore, despite similarities in the downstream targets of these genetic alterations, the striking cytogenetic and molecular differences between ARMS and ERMS indicate distinct molecular etiologies in these two subtypes.