gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>CT-assisted reverse engineering for aging aircraft resupply</title> (1998)

The service life of military aircraft is being extended beyond original design intents. When the C-130 is eventually retired, it will have been in service for 79 years, well beyond its planned life expectancy of 40 years. Similarly, the KC-135s are presently expected to remain operational for 86 years, and the B-52 for 94 years. Not only are inventories of parts in short supply, but it is necessary to acquire parts no one expected to replace. The first step in any resupply activity is the creation of a data package. If nor computer-aided design (CAD) model exists, the demands of modern electronic commerce dictate than one be created. Creating a CAD model of an existing part is referred to as 'reverse engineering.' Computed tomography (CT) offers an ideal way to obtain metrology data critical to reveres engineering activities. Industrial CT systems have progressed to the point where they can nondestructively measure part dimensions at an accuracy competitive with coordinate measuring machines and a speed competitive with laser scanners. However, of the existing methods, only CT can nondestructively dimension interior surfaces, and only CT has the ability to densitometrically quantify the internal state of materials. The use of CT to help create CAD models for resupply efforts will be described and examples presented. Additionally, examples will be presented how the CT-created CAD models were then sued to fabricate replacement parts for aging systems.
Convergent sensing pathways mediate response to two extracellular competence factors in Bacillus subtilis. (1995)

Development of genetic competence in Bacillus subtilis is regulated by extracellular signaling molecules, including the ComX pheromone, a modified 9- or 10-amino-acid peptide. Here, we present characterization of a second extracellular competence stimulating factor (CSF). CSF appears to be, at least in part, a small peptide of between 520 and 720 daltons. Production of CSF requires several genes that are needed both for initiation of sporulation and development of competence (spo0H, spo0A, spo0B, and spo0F). Although both peptide factors regulate competence, two different sensing pathways mediate the response to the ComX pheromone and CSF. Analysis of double mutants indicated that ComX pheromone is on the same genetic pathway as the membrane-bound histidine protein kinase encoded by comP and that CSF is on the same genetic pathway as the oligopeptide permease encoded by spo0K. Furthermore, the cellular response to partly purified ComX pheromone requires the ComP histidine protein kinase, whereas the response to partly purified CSF requires the Spo0K oligopeptide permease. These two sensing pathways converge to activate competence genes. Both factors and their convergent sensing pathways are required for normal development of competence and might function to integrate different physiological signals.
Oscillons and Propagating Solitary Waves in a Vertically Vibrated Colloidal Suspension (1999)

The observation of localized stationary structures, coined oscillons, in granular media has evoked much interest. By parametric excitation of clay suspensions, we demonstrate a hysteretic transition to oscillon-type states in a nongranular medium. When the symmetry of up-down $\mathrm{reflection}+\mathrm{time}$ translation is lost, these states undergo a transition to propagating localized states previously seen in Newtonian fluids. These observations are in accord with recent theoretical predictions of sufficient conditions for oscillon formation. In addition, a novel measurement technique for the effective suspension viscosity demonstrates their shear-thinning properties.
Synthesis and tribological properties of graphene: A review (2017)

The target of this review is to explore the fundamental tribological behaviour of graphene, the first existing two-dimensional (2-D) material and evaluate its performance as a self-lubricating material. The importance and potential impact of this new class of material was recognised by the whole scientific community when the Noble prize was awarded to Geim and Konstantin Novoselov for their discovery and development of graphene in 2010. Graphene is the strongest material, chemically and thermally stable, gas-impermeable, and atomically-thin. The fundamental tribological behaviour of graphene and other 2-D materials under sliding conditions is recently being studied. Mainly, the wear of graphene has hardly been investigated. In this paper, the latest developments in tribological applications of graphene, and preparation methods are reviewed. It is shown that various graphene coatings, graphene as lubricant additive and as reinforcement in metal matrix can be successfully employed to decrease friction and wear in tribological applications. A comprehensive review is provided with the aim to analyse such properties of graphene. Moreover, the application of graphene in the field of tribology for reducing friction and wear for better lubrication will be explored.
Instant data analysis (2004)

When designing a usability evaluation, key decisions must be made regarding methods and techniques for data collection and analysis. Although there is a strong body of research within human-computer interaction regarding the appropriate choices of data collection methods and techniques much less research has been conducted examining and comparing methods and techniques for analyzing the collected data. This paper presents a data analysis technique which allows usability evaluations to be conducted, analyzed and documented in a day; Instant Data Analysis (IDA). The use of this technique is exemplified through a usability evaluation of a software product for a large hospital for which traditional video data analysis and Instant Data Analysis were applied independently through a controlled experiment. Among our key findings, the experiment revealed that in only 10% of the time required to do the video data analysis, Instant Data Analysis identified 85% of the critical usability problems in the system being evaluated. At the same time, the noise of unique usability problems usually characterizing video data analysis was significantly reduced.
Warped Discrete Cosine Transform-Based Low Bit-Rate Block Coding Using Image Downsampling (2007)

This paper presents warped discrete cosine transform (WDCT)-based low bit-rate block coding using image downsampling. While WDCT aims to improve the performance of conventional DCT by frequency warping, the WDCT has only been applicable to high bit-rate coding applications because of the overhead required to define the parameters of the warping filter. Recently, low bit-rate block coding based on image downsampling prior to block coding followed by upsampling after the decoding process is proposed to improve the compression performance for low bit-rate block coders. This paper demonstrates that a superior performance can be achieved if WDCT is used in conjunction with image downsampling-based block coding for low bit-rate applications.
Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Behaviors of Polymer Film Material (2010)

The mechanical behaviors of Nylon6 polymer film material are investigated experimentally. A technique, marker identification method, for non-contact optical measurement of in-plane displacements based on correlation analysis is employed to measure the deformation of the film specimens. Based on the uniaxial tension experimental results, the stress-strain relationship is obtained, which result in Young’s modulus and the Poisson’s ratio. In the creep experiment, the time-depending response of polymer film material is studied. The strain state is determined by measuring the deformations over time. Based on the obtained data about the material’s response, the bulk-modulus K(t) is calculated based on BOLTZMANN’s superposition principle.
Low-density parity-check accumulate codes (2010)

This paper presents a class of high-rate codes called low-density parity-check accumulate (LDPCA) codes. The code design is the serial concatenation of an LDPC outer code and an accumulator with an interleaver. The iterative decoding for the LDPCA code design has complexity linear to the code length. When using regular LDPC codes with column weight 2, the proposed codes have low encoding complexity and are advantageous for hardware implementation. Simulation results show that the regular LDPCA codes have the same error performance with the regular LDPC codes at the waterfall region and outperform product accumulate codes at the error floor region. The investigation on weight distributions proves that regular LDPCA codes have the asymptotic minimum distance proportional to the code length. In addition, iterative decoding thresholds under density evolution are obtained with a Gaussian approximation.
Prediction of weather impacted airport capacity using RUC-2 forecast (2012)

Weather induced airborne delays have caused significant problems at the major commercial airports in the United States. Using Rapid Updated Cycle forecast data (RUC-2), this paper presents real case studies for assessing the impact of weather on airport capacities by Quadratic Response Surface (QRS) linear regression models and ensemble Bagging Decision Tree regression (BDT) models. Three high-demand major airports: Newark Liberty International Airport (EWR), Chicago O'Hare International Airport (ORD), and Atlanta International Airport (ATL) were selected for the analysis. Both QRS and BDT models were developed and evaluated using the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Aviation System Performance Metrics (ASPM) data and RUC-2 weather forecasts for these airports. The performances of the two weather impacted airport capacity models were compared and the errors between estimates and observations of airport arrival rates (AAR) were evaluated. The accuracy of AAR predictions in several hour look-ahead times using RUC-2 forecast weather was examined. The experimental results show that the accuracies of AAR estimations by nonlinear BDT regression models are much better than that from QRS multiple linear regression models. With airport AAR BDT models, the errors on weather corresponding AAR estimates using RUC weather data are smaller than that by METAR surface weather observations. Considering RUC includes much more weather information than METAR does, these findings strongly suggest that the adverse weather impact on airport capacity is complicated, relies on many predicting variables carried by RUC and it is inherently nonlinear. As a consequence, by using RUC weather forecasts, root mean squared error (RMSE) of the airport AAR BDT model predictions at one-hour look-ahead time are less than one and two arrival aircrafts per quarterly-hour for EWR and ORD/ATL airport, respectively. The ratio between AAR RMSE and average AAR for AAR predictions at one to eight hour look-ahead time is less than 10% for all three airports with nonlinear BDT models using RUC-2 weather forecasts. These results appear to be reasonably good.
Antibiotic Prescribing for Adults With Colds, Upper Respiratory Tract Infections, and Bronchitis by Ambulatory Care Physicians (1997)

Although antibiotics have little or no benefit for colds, upper respiratory tract infections, or bronchitis, these conditions account for a sizable proportion of total antibiotic prescriptions for adults by office-based physicians in the United States. Overuse of antibiotics is widespread across geographical areas, medical specialties, and payment sources. Therefore, effective strategies for changing prescribing behavior for these conditions will need to be broad based.
Large Grain Copper Indium Diselenide Films (1984)

Large grain thin films of copper indium diselenide with a preferred {112} orientation have been prepared by (i) the deposition of nearly stoichiometric films of copper and indium on suitable substrates using vacuum evaporation or electrodeposition, and (ii) the heat‐treatment of Cu‐In films in a hydrogen‐selenium atmosphere at temperatures above 630°C. The compositional, structural, and electrical properties of the films have been evaluated. In an alternate approach, a copper film on a substrate was first converted into cuprous selenide, followed by the deposition of indium and selenization. The resulting films have the same properties as those from the selenization of Cu‐In films.
Alter (2000)

Lange Zeit wurden mit Altwerden und Altsein negative Vorstellungen verbunden: „Zum alten Eisen“ zu gehören, ins Altenheim „abgeschoben“ zu werden, arm, einsam und womöglich krank und gebrechlich die letzten Lebensjahre verbringen zu müssen, dies waren und sind zum Teil heute noch gängige Klischees und Befürchtungen. Sie verdeutlichen, dass die letzte Lebensphase weitgehend als problematisch begriffen wurde, die durch vielfältige Einschränkungen, Verluste und Benachteiligungen geprägt ist.
A Raman and far‐infrared investigation of phonons in the rhombohedral V<sub>2</sub>–VI<sub>3</sub> compounds Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>, Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub>, Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> and Bi<sub>2</sub>(Te<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Se<sub><i>x</i></sub>)<sub>3</sub> (0 < <i>x</i> < 1), (Bi<sub>1−<i>y</i></sub>Sb<sub><i>y</i></sub>)<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> (0 < <i>y</i> < 1) (1977)

Abstract The Raman‐active lattice vibrations of Bi 2 Se 3 , Bi 2 Te 3 , Sb 2 Te 3 , and their solid slutions, whose symmetries correspond to the R 3 m space group, are investigated by Raman scattering. Three of the four expected Raman modes, E g and A 1g , could be determined. The FIR optical properties of Bi 2 Te 3 crystal surfaces of improved quality ( E ∥ c and E ⟂ c ) and Bi 2 Se 3 ( E ⟂ c ) are re‐examined near helium and room temperature with a Fourier spectrometer, allowing a determination of the infrared‐active mode frequencies with higher accuracy. The results for Bi 2 Te 3 are compared to the predicted frequencies from the lattice dynamical model, given by Jenkins et al. The frequncy shifts of the Raman‐active modes in the mixed crystals show single‐mode and two‐mode behaviour, which is in agreement with simple models for the substitution of antimony and selenium atoms for bismuth and tellurium, respectively, in Bi 2 Te 3 .
Les chitosanes – nouveaux adjuvants pour la vaccination par voie muqueuse chez les animaux (2003)

L'avantage de la vaccination par voie muqueuse est l'induction d'une reponse immune a la porte d'entree des agents pathogenes. Puisque les vaccins administres seuls par voie muqueuse ont une faible biodisponibilite, ils doivent etre co-administres avec des substances qui favorisent leur penetration ou avec des adjuvants. De nombreuses etudes ont demontre que les chitosanes et ses derives se sont averes surs et efficaces pour ameliorer l'absorption au niveau des muqueuses des macromolecules hydrophiles telles que des peptides et des proteines. Le chitosane est un polysaccharide cationique derive de la chitine presente dans l'exosquelette des arthropodes et dans la paroi cellulaire de nombreux champignons. L'association des vaccins aux chitosanes, a leurs derives ou a certains de leurs systemes particulaires, tels que les nano- et les microparticules, s'est revelee egalement efficace pour ameliorer la prise d'antigenes par le tissu lymphoide associe aux muqueuses, induisant de ce fait une reponse immune a la fois au niveau des muqueuses et systemique. Le chitosane et ses derives representent des adjuvants prometteurs pour des vaccins a administration par voie muqueuse chez les animaux.
The Architect's Gambit (2014)

Years before the abandonment was announced, the older had already been building the dollhouse for the younger, and so the younger said she would not give herself up to be left until she was allowed to play with it just once. When at last it was complete, the parents granted the younger a mere hour to play, after which they promised the sisters would both be taken away. But in the odd ticking of that hour the younger found a new world, one of fast incident tucked inside slow time, and inside the dollhouse each room was complete with tiny furniture, each closet stocked with tiny clothes that fit the paper dolls she found sleeping in the beds, one doll for the older and one for the younger...
Radionuclide production and yields at Washington University School of Medicine. (2008)

Washington University School of Medicine has carried out the production of ''non-standard'' nuclides for the positron emission tomography (PET) community since 1999 under the Radionuclide Resource for Cancer Applications grant R24 CA 86307 funded by the National Cancer Institute. With the support from the grant, we have successfully developed procedures for the high yield production of a wide range of radionuclides and made them available to the research community. The following non-standard PET nuclides, (60)Cu, (61)Cu, (64)Cu, (76)Br, (77)Br, (124)I, (94m)Tc, and (86)Y are routinely produced on Washington University on-site Cyclotron Corporation CS-15 or Japan Steel Works 16/8 cyclotrons. Additionally, a technique to produce (45)Ti has been developed and lately, (89)Zr is being investigated. This paper describes the production techniques and presents the performance results in terms of yields and radionuclidic purity. Sufficient yields for distribution are achieved and high radionuclide purity is also achieved yielding high quality product for medical research.
Role of resveratrol in regulation of cellular defense systems against oxidative stress (2017)

Resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic compound, is found in various kinds of fruits, plants, and their commercial products such as red wine. It has been demonstrated to exhibit a variety of health-promoting effects including prevention and/or treatment of cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, diabetes, neurodegeneration, aging, and cancer. Cellular defensive properties of resveratrol can be explained through its ability of either directly neutralizing reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) or indirectly upregulating the expression of cellular defensive genes. As a direct antioxidant agent, resveratrol scavenges diverse ROS/RNS as well as secondary organic radicals with mechanisms of hydrogen atom transfer and sequential proton loss electron transfer, thereby protecting cellular biomolecules from oxidative damage. Resveratrol also enhances the expression of various antioxidant defensive enzymes such as heme oxygenase 1, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase as well as the induction of glutathione level responsible for maintaining the cellular redox balance. Such defenses could be achieved by regulating various signaling pathways including sirtuin 1, nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 and nuclear factor κB. This review provides current understanding and information on the role of resveratrol in cellular defense system against oxidative stress. © 2017 BioFactors, 44(1):36-49, 2018.
Comparison of susceptibility for hip dysplasia between Rottweilers and German shepherd dogs. (1995)

Passive laxity of the coxofemoral joints, as measured quantitatively by radiographing the joints under stress, has been shown to be an accurate measure of the risk for developing degenerative joint disease (DJD) of the coxofemoral joints. Seventy-four Rottweilers between 12 and 40 months old were evaluated subjectively for radiographic evidence of DJD, using the ventrodorsal view of the pelvis with the coxofemoral joints fully extended and the knees internally rotated (standard hip-extended view). Effect of age, sex, weight, and distraction index on the risk of developing DJD was evaluated by use of a logistic regression model. Results were compared with those from a group of German Shepherd Dogs. Results indicated that in Rottweilers the distraction index was the only statistically significant predictor of the risk of developing DJD of the coxofemoral joint. When German Shepherd Dogs were included in the model, they had a significantly greater risk of developing DJD than did Rottweilers. This finding provides further support for the theory that there are differences in disease susceptibility among breeds and emphasizes the need to develop disease susceptibility curves for all breeds affected by hip dysplasia to facilitate accurate, scientifically based recommendations for breeding or treatment.
Engaging Edge Networks in Preventing and Mitigating Undesirable Network Traffic (2007)

We address the security vulnerabilities in existing protocols for network traffic authentication, by engaging edge networks in defending against undesirable traffic. In the proposed PATRICIA architecture, edge networks cooperate to prevent misbehaving sources from flooding traffic in both control and data channels. Moreover, edge networks employ an endorsement procedure to approve data communications among local and remote hosts, hence breaking down potential collusion between those hosts. The protection mechanism is only activated for hosts under attack, therefore minimizing the control traffic bandwidth and processing overhead. Our performance evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness of PATRICIA.
Differential Effects of Protein Kinase C on the Levels of Epithelial Na+ Channel Subunit Proteins (2000)

Regulation of epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) subunit levels by protein kinase C (PKC) was investigated in A6 cells. PKC activation altered ENaC subunit levels, differentially decreasing the levels of both beta and gamma, but not alphaENaC. Temporal regulation of beta and gammaENaC by PKC differed; gammaENaC decreased with a time constant of 3.7 +/- 1.0 h, whereas betaENaC decreased in 13.9 +/- 3. 0 h. Activation of PKC also resulted in a decrease in trans-epithelial Na(+) reabsorption for up to 48 h. PMA activation of PKC resulted in negative feedback inhibition of PKC protein levels beginning within 4 h. Both beta and gammaENaC levels, as well as transport tended toward pretreatment values after 48 h of PMA treatment. PKC inhibitors attenuated the effects of PMA on ENaC subunit levels and Na(+) transport. These results directly show for the first time that PKC differentially regulates ENaC subunit levels by decreasing the levels of beta and gamma but not alphaENaC protein. These results imply a PKC-dependent, long term decrease in Na(+) reabsorption.
Coarse-Fine Convolutional Deep-Learning Strategy for Human Activity Recognition (2019)

In the last decade, deep learning techniques have further improved human activity recognition (HAR) performance on several benchmark datasets. This paper presents a novel framework to classify and analyze human activities. A new convolutional neural network (CNN) strategy is applied to a single user movement recognition using a smartphone. Three parallel CNNs are used for local feature extraction, and latter they are fused in the classification task stage. The whole CNN scheme is based on a feature fusion of a fine-CNN, a medium-CNN, and a coarse-CNN. A tri-axial accelerometer and a tri-axial gyroscope sensor embedded in a smartphone are used to record the acceleration and angle signals. Six human activities successfully classified are walking, walking-upstairs, walking-downstairs, sitting, standing and laying. Performance evaluation is presented for the proposed CNN.
A Highly Selective Fluorescent Probe for the Detection and Imaging of Peroxynitrite in Living Cells (2006)

We have found a specific reaction between ketone 1 and peroxynitrite (ONOO-), rather than other reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species generated in the biological system. On the basis of this reaction, we have successfully developed a new fluorescent probe HKGreen-1, which is highly selective for the detection of peroxynitrite in living cells. Before the oxidation with peroxynitrite, the dichlorofluorescein part is masked and the probe is nonfluorescent. However, upon reaction with peroxynitrite, the fluorophore is released, resulting in strong enhancement in fluorescence intensity.