gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on the inflammatory-coagulant axis in the baboon response to E. coli: regulatory roles of proteins C, S, C4bBP and of inhibitors of tissue factor. (1994)

The baboon model of E. coli sepsis illustrates three concepts with respect to the host response and vascular endothelium. First, the endothelium is the primary target. E. coli sepsis is an acute inflammatory disease of the vascular endothelium. Second, the endothelium is not a passive target. Initially it regulates both the inflammatory and coagulopathic aspects of E. coli sepsis through membrane associated regulatory receptor/plasma protein assemblies including protein C/thrombomodulin, activated protein C/protein S, C4bBP/protein S, tissue factor pathway inhibitor/Xa, antithrombin III/glycosaminoglycans. Third, when overridden by inflammatory events, the endothelium can change its anticoagulant phenotype and mount a massive procoagulant fibrinolytic counter-attack on its luminal side through the expression of tissue factor and release of tissue plasminogen activator. Fourth, again when overridden by inflammatory events, the endothelium can change its antioxidant phenotype and produce a "distal" tissue hypoxia on its abluminal side through induction of free radical generation and peroxidation of mitochondrial lipid membranes of those tissues with high metabolic rates. It has become increasingly clear that the so-called anticoagulant systems which act on the proximal factors of the clotting cascade (protein C, TFPI, AT-III, PGI2) also attenuate the amplification of the inflammatory response. Aspects of the mechanism by which this occurs are coming to light. This includes the attenuation of Il-6 response by TFPI and the attenuation of the complement effects by C4bBP/PS. The specifics of these observations in the E. coli sepsis model will be reviewed.
An Open Development Environment for Evaluation of Video Surveillance Systems (2002)

We introduce the publicly available Open Development for Video Surveillance (ODViS) system that is specifically designed to support ongoing research in tracking and video surveillance. The system provides researchers with the ability to prototype tracking and event recognition techniques, to construct and manage ground truth data sets, and to evaluate the performance of these systems within a graphical user interface.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPAIRED CARBOHYDRATE TOLERANCE FOLLOWING URETEROCOLIC ANASTOMOSIS (1958)

SUMMARY 1. Two‐hour glucose tolerance tests were performed on thirteen patients with ureterocolic anastomoses. 2. Impaired carbohydrate tolerance was found in three patients on at least one occasion; in only one of these patients was there evidence of acidosis. 3. Six other patients with acidosis had normal carbohydrate tolerance. 4. Starvation appears to have been the greatest contributory factor to defective carbohydrate tolerance in the patients tested, though acidosis might have been an additional factor in one patient. 5. Attention is drawn to a possible diagnostic hazard, that is, hyperglycæmia in a patient with clinical acidosis during the administration of intravenous dextrose solution.
Immunobiology of Toll‐like receptors: Emerging trends (2006)

Toll-like receptors (TLR), a family of evolutionarily conserved pathogen recognition receptors, play pivotal role as primary sensors of invading pathogens. TLR identify molecular motifs of infectious agents (pathogen associated molecular patterns) and elicit an effective defensive response against them. Mammalian TLR derive their name from the Drosophila Toll protein, with which they share sequence similarity. So far, expression of 10 TLR is known in humans. The adaptor proteins, myeloid differentiation factor 88 and Toll IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain containing adaptor inducing IFN-beta (TRIF) are the key players in the TLR signalling cascade leading to the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and interferon regulatory factor-3, respectively. Targeted manipulation of the TLR signalling pathway has immense therapeutic potential and may eventually prove to be a boon in the development of innovative treatments for diverse disease conditions. There is accumulating evidence that TLR agonists have tremendous potential as novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we have discussed the immunobiology of TLR and emphasize significant advances made within the ever-expanding field of TLR that provide intriguing insights efficacious in unravelling the complexities associated with TLR.
Collaborative synthesis of visual analytic results (2008)

Visual analytic tools allow analysts to generate large collections of useful analytical results. We anticipate that analysts in most real world situations will draw from these collections when working together to solve complicated problems. This indicates a need to understand how users synthesize multiple collections of results. This paper reports the results of collaborative synthesis experiments conducted with expert geographers and disease biologists. Ten participants were worked in pairs to complete a simulated real-world synthesis task using artifacts printed on cards on a large, paper-covered workspace. Experiment results indicate that groups use a number of different approaches to collaborative synthesis, and that they employ a variety of organizational metaphors to structure their information. It is further evident that establishing common ground and role assignment are critical aspects of collaborative synthesis. We conclude with a set of general design guidelines for collaborative synthesis support tools.
D. C. Transients (1978)

Resistance provides only opposition to current and does not store energy; the application of a direct voltage to a resistor produces an instantaneous change in current, this change being proportional to the voltage change.
[Clinical evaluation of hydrogel-type dressing materials after their 8-year use]. (1991)

The subject to assessment were hydrogel dressings (in 42 patients) compared with the classical gauze dressing with an addition of various pharmaceuticals (in 65 patients). We found out that the gauze dressings get dry 24 hours after they have been applied, their replacement being very painful. The hydrogel dressings, on the other hand, do not cause any pain when replaced after the 24 hours. The hygroscopic properties of hydrogel dressings allow a quick cleaning of the wound from microorganisms. Permitting an easy absorption of antibiotics and other drugs, they contribute to an acceleration of the healing process and epidermis development.
Supporting architectural restructuring by analyzing feature models (2004)

In order to lower the risk, reengineering projects aim at high reuse rates. Therefore, tasks like architectural restructuring have to be performed in a way that developed new system architectures allow reuse of all valuable legacy systems' parts with minimal changes. During architectural restructuring there are two major types of modification: detection of architecture disproportions and their refactoring and detection of redundancies and their fusion. We introduce a method for applying domain knowledge for supporting these restructuring steps. The method operates on feature models. Words and terms of features and of architectural documents are analyzed by cluster analysis, information retrieval and metrics techniques. In this way, the method joins the approaches of feature analysis and of enhancing reengineering with domain knowledge by applying feature models for structuring the domain knowledge. The method results in clues and hints for the development of a new architecture. It provides an effective addition to the conventional software architecture design methods. The method was developed and applied in an industrial reengineering project within image processing domain. It has been proved to be applicable to large and complex systems even in case of heavy monolithic parts. We use examples from this project to illustrate the method.
High-performance CW 1.26-μm GaInNAsSb-SQW ridge lasers (2001)

Long wavelength GaInNAsSb-SQW lasers and GaInAsSb-SQW lasers that include a small amount of Sb were successfully grown by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy (GSMBE). We confirmed that Sb reacts in a highly strained GaInAs-GaAs system and GaInNAs-GaAs system like a surfactant, which increases the critical thickness at which the growth mode changes from two-dimensional (2-D) growth to three-dimensional (3-D) growth. The lasers were processed into ridge lasers. The GaInNAsSb lasers oscillated under continuous-wave (CW) operation at 1.258 /spl mu/m at room temperature. The low CW threshold current of 12.4 mA and high characteristic temperature (T/sub c/) of 157 K were obtained for GaInNAsSb lasers, which is the best result for GaInNAs-based narrow stripe lasers. Further, the GaInNAsSb laser oscillated under CW conditions over 100/spl deg/C. On the other hand, GaInAsSb lasers oscillated under CW operation at 1.20 /spl mu/m at room temperature. The low CW threshold current of 6.3 mA and high characteristic temperature (T/sub c/) of 256 K were obtained for GaInAsSb lasers, which is also the best result for 1.2-/spl mu/m-range highly strained GaInAs-based narrow stripe lasers. We can say that GaInNAsSb lasers are very promising material for realizing an access network. Further, the differential gain of GaInNAs-based SQW lasers was estimated for the first time. GaInNAsSb-SQW lasers have the extremely large differential gain of 1.06-10/sup -15/ cm/sup 2/ in spite of the single-QW lasers; therefore, GaInNAsSb lasers are also suitable for high-speed lasers in the long wavelength region.
Assessment of RNA Quality by Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR of Multiple Regions of a Long Ubiquitous mRNA (2000)

A simple method to assess the degree of degradation present in a total RNA preparation from cells or tissues is based on the increasing probability of RNA cleavage with increasing length of an RNA molecule. Under ideal conditions, reverse transcription of a particular mRNA species with oligo-dT as the primer generates a population of cDNAs, terminating at the 5' end of the mRNA if all template RNA molecules are intact, or at the first cleavage site 5' to the polyA if some template RNAs are partially degraded. Consequently, for cellular RNA preparations with some degradation, the 5' end of an mRNA is represented in the cDNA population to a lesser extent than the 3' end of the mRNA. We describe a sensitive assay of mRNA quality that compares the relative PCR amplification of 5' and 3' regions of a long and ubiquitous mRNA following oligo-dT-primed reverse transcription.
Exploiting spatial reuse gain through joint mode selection and resource allocation for underlay device-to-device communications (2012)

Device-to-device (D2D) communication has recently emerged as a promising technique for improving the performance of next-generation cellular systems. In particular, traffic offloading through exploiting spatial reuse gain of underlay D2D communication has gained attention in the literature. While related work has considered the scenario where at most one underlay D2D pair can share the radio resource of cellular users, we consider in this paper a more general scenario involving multiple D2D pairs for resource sharing. To investigate the resultant performance gain, we first formulate a joint optimization problem for mode selection and resource allocation, where the optimal mode to operate, radio resources to use, and power to transmit are to be optimally decided for a group of users with intra-cell traffic. The formulated problem belongs to MINLP, and hence we propose an algorithm with reduced complexity for solving the problem. Evaluation results show that, through joint mode selection and resource allocation among multiple D2D pairs, the potential of D2D communications can be further exploited for achieving significant performance gain.
Anti-tumor activity of the beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol in neuroblastoma (2013)

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric tumor of the sympathetic nervous system, which is often associated with elevated catecholamines. More than half of patients with metastatic NB relapse and survival is extremely poor with current therapies. In a high-throughput screen of FDA-approved drugs we identified anti-NB activity for the nonselective β-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol hydrochloride. Propranolol inhibited growth of a panel of fifteen NB cell lines irrespective of MYCN status, and treatment induced apoptosis and decreased proliferation. Activity was dependent on inhibition of the β2, and not β1, adrenergic receptor, and treatment resulted in activation of p53 and p73 signaling in vitro. The majority of NB cell lines and primary tumors express β2 adrenergic receptor and higher mRNA levels correlate with improved patient survival, but expression levels did not correlate with in vitro sensitivity to propranolol. Furthermore, propranolol is synergistic with the topoisomerase I inhibitor SN-38 and propranolol inhibits growth of NB xenografts in vivo at doses similar to those used to treat infants with hemangiomas and hypertension. Taken together, our results suggest that propranolol has activity against NB and thus should be considered in combination treatments for patients with relapsed and refractory NB.
Segmentation of macroscopic slice images for colorectal cancer evaluation (2010)

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer. Depending on the extent of the disease, radiotherapy and surgery are currently the only curative therapies. When surgery is performed, the shortest distance from affected regions to the resection boundary is an important predictive factor for prognosis of the disease. This article will present segmentation of the rectal wall in macroscopic slices from resected specimens. The algorithm uses texture information for characterizing different regions in the macroscopic slices. Segmentation is achieved using Level Sets. The segmentation results provide landmarks for volume reconstruction and information for comparison between pathology and MRI.
A Theory of Clock Synchronization (1994)

We consider the problem of clock synchronization in a system with uncertain message delays and clocks with bounded drift. To analyze this classical problem, we introduce the concept of synchronization graphs, and show that the tightest achievable synchronization at any given execution is characterized by the distances in the synchronization graph for that execution. Synchronization graphs are derived from information which is locally available for computation at the processors (local time of events and system specification), and can therefore be used by distributed algorithms. Using synchronization graphs, we obtain the first optimal on-line distributed algorithms for external clock synchronization, where the task of all processors is to estimate the reading of the local clock of a distinguished processor. The algorithms are optimal for all executions, rather than only for worst cases. The algorithm for systems with arbitrarily drifting clocks has high overhead; we prove that this phenomenon is unavoidable, namely any optimal general algorithm for external synchronization has unbounded space complexity. For systems with drift-free clocks (i.e., clocks that run at the rate of real time), we present a particularly simple and efficient algorithm. We also present results for internal synchronization, where the task of the processors in the system is to generate a synchronized &quot;tick.&quot; Our approach is robust in the sense it encompasses various system models, such as point-to-point or broadcast channels, communication links that may lose, duplicate and re-order messages, and crashing processors. In addition, synchronization graphs can be used to detect corrupted information.
Macromedia Fireworks MX for Windows and Macintosh: Visual QuickStart Guide (2002)

From the Publisher:


This is the fourth update to Peachpit's Visual QuickStart Guide to Macromedia Fireworks, a tool that creates both raster and vector-based graphics for the Web. Fireworks is more than a drawing and effects tool, it's also capable of generating buttons, image maps, simple animations, and their underlying code. Additionally, if you use other Macromedia Web tools, such as Dreamweaver or Flash, Fireworks can be used roundtrip with them when editing and updating your Web pages. This edition will cover the newest features in Fireworks, in addition to the clear, step-by-step instructions on how to use all the existing graphics and text features in the program.
One tool to rule them all (2015)

Due to the heterogeneous and distributed nature of computer networks, the detection of misconfigurations and software/hardware failures is frequently reported to be notoriously non-trivial. The advent of SDN complicates the situation even more, since besides troubleshooting, the problem of finding software bugs in controller/switch/VNF implementations also has to be solved. Today a wealth of general and SDN-specific troubleshooting tools are available which are usually tailored to identify network-related errors and bugs of a particular nature. In this paper we define a troubleshooting framework which can assemble many of these tools in a single platform and makes possible to flexibly combine them. As we see network operators and SDN developers execute similar tasks anyway, e.g. combine ping, traceroute and tcpdump (or more complex tools) manually to see what is going on in the network. Our framework can ease their work by consolidating the available troubleshooting tools in a flexible and automated manner.
Status and Human Rights Situation of North Korean Defectors in China (2012)

The status of North Korean defectors in China has been a critical pending issue not only for North and South Korea but for international society. Currently, over 10,000 North Korean defectors are estimated to reside in China under a critical human rights situation. Many suffer from the threat of being arrested, tortured, and sent back to North Korea. Women are exposed to dangers of human trafficking and forced marriages. China, considering North Korean defectors as illegal immigrants rather than refugees, has arrested and forcibly repatriated North Korean defectors. Furthermore, it has disallowed international agencies and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) from helping this group of people within their country. China must switch its policy toward North Korean defectors by recognizing them as worthy of humanitarian assistance and strengthen its cooperation with international society, the South Korean government, and human rights organizations to help these refugees return to North Korea, settle in China, or immigrate to South Korea all according to their wishes.
Automatic generation of weather forecast texts using comprehensive probabilistic generation-space models (2007)

Abstract Two important recent trends in natural language generation are (i) probabilistic techniques and (ii) comprehensive approaches that move away from traditional strictly modular and sequential models. This paper reports experiments in which p cru – a generation framework that combines probabilistic generation methodology with a comprehensive model of the generation space – was used to semi-automatically create five different versions of a weather forecast generator. The generators were evaluated in terms of output quality, development time and computational efficiency against (i) human forecasters, (ii) a traditional handcrafted pipelined nlg system and (iii) a halogen -style statistical generator. The most striking result is that despite acquiring all decision-making abilities automatically, the best p cru generators produce outputs of high enough quality to be scored more highly by human judges than forecasts written by experts.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 3‐CHLOROINDOLINONES FROM VARIOUSLY SUBSTITUTED β‐NITROSTYRENES (1981)

Abstract Bei der Behandlung mit Acetylchlorid erhält man aus den β‐Nitro‐styrolen (I) in Gegenwart von Eisen(III)‐chlorid die 3‐Chlor‐indolinone (III) neben den acyclischen Verbindungen (IV) und (V), die in Gegenwart anderer Metallhalogenide wie AlCl 3 oder TiCl 4 zu Hauptprodukten werden.
Efficient mobile services consumption in mHealth (2013)

Mobile devices are becoming the integral access point of accessing the Electronic Health Records (EHR). This creates the need to enforce some level of reliability in terms of services accessibility time. However, supporting real-time access and services synchronization in highly distributed mobile environments can be challenging due to the fact that mobile devices rely on wireless communication mediums which can be unstable due to the mobility of the healthcare professionals. As an ongoing joint research with the City Hospital in Saskatoon, Canada, we focus on providing real-time accessibility of the medical record in the mobile environment. We propose a cloud-hosted middleware which performs macro activities such as medical services composition, data hoarding, and medical data events management. The evaluation of the framework, called Med App, shows that medical data dissemination can be achieved in a low-latency fashion.
Maslinic Acid Reduces Blood Glucose in KK-Ay Mice (2007)

In the present study, we have examined the hypoglycemic effect of maslinic acid (MA) in KK-A(y) mice, an animal model of genetic type-2 diabetes. MA (10 mg/kg body wt) reduced the blood glucose levels in KK-A(y) mice at 4 h after a single oral dose. KK-A(y) mice receiving MA at daily dosages of 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg for 2 weeks showed a significant reduction in the blood glucose levels. Furthermore, the results also showed that MA might modulate glucose metabolism partially through reducing insulin resistance in KK-A(y) mice. Taken together, MA may hold great promise as a natural therapeutic agent for treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Photovoltaic manufacturing technology, Phase 1. Final subcontract report, 9 January 1991--14 April 1991 (1991)

This report describes the Glasstech Solar design concepts for improved thin-film module production, including three process steps: (1) The front-end step includes washing, transparent conductive oxide (TCO) deposition, and patterning. (2) The P-I-N-M step is that in which the photovoltaic cell structure is deposited, including the back contact, without breaking vacuum. (3) The back end step includes masking, etching, washing, subcell testing and repair, interconnection, and encapsulation. The design is flexible and can be configured to a variety of applications. The front and back sections (steps 1 and 3) include a number of rotate modules and spacer conveyors. These modules and conveyors enable the line to hold and release glass panels according to the requirements of the process stations. 2 refs., 13 figs.
PREPARATION OF HIGH PURITY W, Mo, Ta, Nb, AND Zr. Period covered : February 1958 to February 1959 (1959)

In studies on the preparation of high-purity refractory metals, halide decomposition and zone melting apparatus was assembled. Test and calibration of the apparatus are discussed. The metals are to be prepared in the following manner: (1) ion exchange purification; (2) volatile halide preparation and subsequent purification by fractional distillation; (3) halide reduction on hot wire; and (4) zone melting and zone refining of the rods. (C.J.G.)