gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Generalized Multiplexer Theory (1979)

A general direct analytical design process is presented for multiplexers having any number of channels with arbitrary channel complexity, bandwidths, and interchannel spacings. The theory assumes initially that independent doubly terminated designs are available for the individual filters, and formulas for modifications to parameters associated with the first two resonators are developed to match the multiplexer. These formulas are approximate, and the Iimitations of the theory are indicated with several computed examples. The theory is applied to the design of a five-channel interdigital multiplexer. A first-stage immittance compensation scheme is described which improves the design for limiting cases, but the theory of complete immittance compensation which handles even contiguous channel operation is reserved for a companion paper.
Virucidal Effect of Ozone Treatment of Laboratory Animal Viruses (1990)

An ozonization method was used to inactivate the viral pathogens of laboratory animals. Ozone at a concentration of over 100 ppm with high humidity was highly virucidal against 4 RNA viruses: HVJ, Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV), Reo type 3 virus (RV) and murine hepatitis virus (MHV). For the ozone tests, 0.1 ml of a virus suspension in deionized water or saline and was placed in 35-mm dishes. The titer of 10(6) plaque-forming units of TMEV in a liquid-phase, which was highly stable against physical treatments, was reduced within 1 hr to a level of 0 by 300 ppm of ozone at 80% humidity and 22-25 degrees C. HVJ and MHV were more susceptible than TMEV to the ozone treatment. RV was the most resistant of the 4 viruses. The ozonization method may be a good way to disinfect not only for the laboratory animal RNA-viruses (both of enveloped and unenveloped viruses) but also animal rooms, clean rooms and even safety cabinets.
Image Reshaping for Efficient Compression of Plenoptic Content (2017)

With insertion of an additional microlens array in front of the imaging sensor, plenoptic camera, which acquires light field by a single exposure, attracts great interests both from academy and industry. A plenoptic image records both spatial and angular light radiance in a super high definition with macropixel structures, which results in a distinct intensity distribution. Several compression techniques have been proposed, however, most of them are suffered from the standard incompatibility and high compression complexity. In this paper, a novel and standard compatible plenoptic data reshaping algorithm is proposed to align the macropixel structures in the lenslet image with the coding unit grids of block-based image/video coding standards before compression. After encoding and decoding the reshaped lenslet image using the existing block-based image/video coding standards, the inverse image reshaping is used to convert the reconstructed image back to the original light-field data format for further applications. The experimental results reveal that the proposed method introduces 10.47% and 27.64% bitrate reduction to HEVC/H.265 format range extension profile and AVC/H.264 high 4:4:4 profile, respectively, by compressing the reshaped lenslet images. Also, it brings additional compression efficiency improvements to intraprediction tools, such as intrablock copy and locally linear embedding based coding method, by an average of 11.62% and 9.81% bitrate reduction as they compress the reshaped plenoptic images.
Tyrosine Hydroxylation in Betalain Pigment Biosynthesis Is Performed by Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Beets (Beta vulgaris) (2016)

Yellow and red-violet betalain plant pigments are restricted to several families in the order Caryophyllales, where betacyanins play analogous biological roles to anthocyanins. The initial step in betalain biosynthesis is the hydroxylation of tyrosine to form L-DOPA. Using gene expression experiments in beets, yeast, and Arabidopsis, along with HPLC/MS analysis, the present study shows that two novel cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes, CYP76AD6 and CYP76AD5, and the previously described CYP76AD1 can perform this initial step. Co-expressing these CYP450s with DOPA 4,5-dioxygenase in yeast, and overexpression of these CYP450s in yellow beets show that CYP76AD1 efficiently uses L-DOPA leading to red betacyanins while CYP76AD6 and CYP76AD5 lack this activity. Furthermore, CYP76AD1 can complement yellow beetroots to red while CYP76AD6 and CYP76AD5 cannot. Therefore CYP76AD1 uniquely performs the beet R locus function and beets appear to be genetically redundant for tyrosine hydroxylation. These new functional data and ancestral character state reconstructions indicate that tyrosine hydroxylation alone was the most likely ancestral function of the CYP76AD alpha and beta groups and the ability to convert L-DOPA to cyclo-DOPA evolved later in the alpha group.
Autothermic Processes (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAutothermic ProcessesC. van HeerdenCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1953, 45, 6, 1242–1247Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50522a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50522a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views772Altmetric-Citations292LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Predistort-linearisation method for future basestation amplifiers of cellular radio (2002)

Linearisation of a radio base station amplifier using a third order and a fifth order predistortion scheme is studied. Adaptive predistortion using a third order predistorter improved the amplifiers intermodulation distortion (IMD) by between 6.5 dB and 30 dB as measured by a two tone test. The variation in improvement is due to changes in the input power level. Improvement increases as the input power is backed off from the 1 dB compression point. A fifth order predistorter will give an IMD improvement of between 9 dB and 48 dB if properly adjusted. For a nine-tone test (with uniformly distributed random phase), a fifth order predistorter, if properly adapted will give an IMD improvement of between 8.5 dB and 40 dB from the worst IMD level, provided by the raw nonlinear amplifier.
Response of stomatal numbers to CO <sub>2</sub> and humidity: control by transpiration rate and abscisic acid (2008)

The observation that stomatal density (number mm(-2)) on herbarium leaves had decreased over the last century represents clear evidence that plants have responded to anthropogenic increases in CO2 concentration. The mechanism of the response has proved elusive but here it is shown that density responses to both CO2 concentration and humidity are correlated with changes in whole-plant transpiration and leaf abscisic acid (ABA) concentration. The transpiration rate of a range of accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana was manipulated by changing CO2 concentration, humidity and by exogenous application of ABA. Stomatal density increased with transpiration and leaf ABA concentration. A common property of signal transduction systems is that they rapidly lose their ability to respond to the co-associated stimulus. Pathways of water movement within the plant are connected and so variations in supply and demand can be signalled throughout the plant directly, modifying stomatal aperture of mature leaves and stomatal density of developing leaves. Furthermore, the system identified here does not conform to the loss of ability to respond. A putative mechanism is proposed for the control of stomatal density by transpiration rate and leaf ABA concentration.
Bioconjugation Approaches to Producing Subunit Vaccines Composed of Protein or Peptide Antigens and Covalently Attached Toll-Like Receptor Ligands (2017)

Traditional vaccines derived from attenuated or inactivated pathogens are effective at inducing antibody-based protective immune responses but tend to be highly reactogenic, causing notable adverse effects. Vaccines with superior safety profiles can be produced by subunit approaches, utilizing molecularly defined antigens (e.g., proteins and polysaccharides). These antigens, however, often elicit poor immunological responses, necessitating the use of adjuvants. Immunostimulatory adjuvants have the capacity to activate antigen presenting cells directly through specific receptors (e.g., Toll-like receptors (TLRs)), resulting in enhanced presentation of antigens as well as the secretion of proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines. Consequently, innate immune responses are amplified and adaptive immunity is generated. Recently, site-specific conjugation of such immunostimulatory adjuvants (e.g., TLR ligands) onto defined antigens has shown superior efficacy over unconjugated mixtures, suggesting that the development of chemically characterized immunostimulatory adjuvants and optimized approaches for their conjugation with antigens may provide a better opportunity for the development of potent, novel vaccines. This review briefly summarizes various TLR agonists utilized as immunostimulatory adjuvants and focuses on the development of techniques (e.g., recombinant, synthetic, and semisynthetic) for generating adjuvant-antigen fusion vaccines incorporating peptide or protein antigens.
The prognostic value of comorbidity for the severity of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis study (2021)

We evaluated the prevalence of some of the most important comorbidities in COVID-19 patients, indicating that some underlying disorders, including hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic kidney disease, can be considered as risk factors for patients with COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, the results show that an elderly male with underlying diseases is more likely to have severe COVID-19.
El espía aventurero de Godoy (2011)

Liver glycogen represents an important physiological form of energy storage. It plays a key role in the regulation of blood glucose concentrations, and dysregulations in hepatic glycogen metabolism are linked to many diseases including diabetes and insulin resistance. In this work, we develop, optimize, and validate a noninvasive protocol to measure glycogen levels in isolated perfused mouse livers using chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) NMR spectroscopy. Model glycogen solutions were used to determine optimal saturation pulse parameters which were then applied to intact perfused mouse livers of varying glycogen content. Glycogen measurements from serially acquired CEST Z-spectra of livers were compared with measurements from interleaved natural abundance (13)C NMR spectra. Experimental data revealed that CEST-based glycogen measurements were highly correlated with (13)C NMR glycogen spectra. Monte Carlo simulations were then used to investigate the inherent (i.e., signal-to-noise-based) errors in the quantification of glycogen with each technique. This revealed that CEST was intrinsically more precise than (13)C NMR, although in practice may be prone to other errors induced by variations in experimental conditions. We also observed that the CEST signal from glycogen in liver was significantly less than that observed from identical amounts in solution. Our results demonstrate that CEST provides an accurate, precise, and readily accessible method to noninvasively measure liver glycogen levels and their changes. Furthermore, this technique can be used to map glycogen distributions via conventional proton magnetic resonance imaging, a capability universally available on clinical and preclinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners vs (13)C detection, which is limited to a small fraction of clinical-scale MRI scanners.
Soap Bubbles and Solid Spheres: Collisions and Interactions (2011)

Under the right conditions, a moving sphere may successfully enter, and leave, a soap bubble without rupturing that bubble. The physics behind this phenomena are not well understood, nor the limiting factors (such as sphere size, speed, etc.). This work, investigating this phenomenon using high speed photography, has produced several results which are presented. First, several distinct regimes, noted while photographing the interactions between the spheres and the bubbles, are classified and discussed. Next a probabilistic examination of the soap bubbles rupture by the moving spheres is presented. Then a conjecture for the limiting sphere sizes and speeds is presented. And finally some interesting phenomena, noted in the course of this investigation, are presented and discussed.
Ein objektorientiertes Softwaremodell für verteilte Automatisierungssysteme. (2005)

Zusammenfassung: Im Bereich von automatisierungstechnischen Anlagen werden Applikationen vorrangig mit Hilfe des Funktionsblock-Modells erstellt. Ein Funktionsblock kann als Basiskomponente fur die Entwicklung wiederverwendbarer Objekte in verteilten und interoperablen Systemen gesehen werden. Die Funktionsblocke interagieren uber Einund Ausgangsvariablen sowohl untereinander als auch mit ihrer Umgebung. Nennenswerte Effekte zur Kostensenkung bei der Softwareerstellung fur automatisierungstechnische Anlagen konnen nur durch ein verbessertes Engineering erreicht werden. Insbesondere mussen Aspekte des Systemdesigns und der Softwarequalitat betrachtet werden. Der Beitrag beschreibt einen Ansatz fur ein verteiltes, objektorientiertes Automatisierungssystem, bei dem die Objekte uber Ports miteinander kommunizieren. Qualitatsbewertende Kennzahlen konnen explizit in Metainformationen modelliert werden.
Electrochemical investigation of metallothionein andapo-metallothionein (2006)

Introduction. Metallothionein (MT) belongs to group of
intracellular, cysteine-rich proteins with molecular weight
from 6 to 10 kDa, which are usually abundant at low content at
human organisms. Their marked expression could be caused by
many exogenous and endogenous factors. During last 15 years
number of authors are has been concerning with study of MT
involvement in carcinogenesis and spontaneous mutagenesis,
because an increasing amount of MT in tumour cells probably
relates with cell proliferation. On the base of the
abovementioned reasons, it is necessary to develop a method
that could be used not only for determination of MT but also
for study of MT structural changes during stress conditions.
Objective. The aim of this work was to study the effect of
ethylendiamine-N, N, N`, N`-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) on MT
structure by means of electrochemical techniques. Materials and
methods. Electrochemical measurements were performed with
AUTOLAB Analyser connected to VA-Stand 663, using a standard
cell with three electrodes. The working electrode was a hanging
mercury drop electrode. The reference electrode was Ag/AgCl/3M
KCl electrode and the auxiliary electrode was the graphite
electrode. The samples of the MT were reduced before each
measurement. Results. It is known that EDTA is able to bind
heavy metals not only from surrounding medium but also from
structures of biological compounds. Here we added the different
EDTA concentrations (up to 500 nM) to 100 nM MTCd5Zn2. The
sample was analysed by adsorptive transfer stripping
differential pulse voltammetry. On the base of the obtained
results it follows that the signals, which correspond to
reduction of zinc and cadmium present in MT structure,
disappeared with increasing EDTA concentration. In addition we
obtained the apo-MT (MT without heavy metal) at the highest
concentration of EDTA (500 nM). The comparison between MT and
apo-MT signals have been done and discussed. Conclusions. The
described technique offers a good tool not only for study of
heavy metal amounts in MT structure but also for
characterization of conformation changes in MT structure.
Olefin Disproportionation (1970)

Abstract In 1964, Banks and Bailey [I] reported a new catalytic reaction of olefins that they called olefin disproportionation. By this reaction linear olefins were converted into homologs of shorter and longer chains in a highly specific and efficient manner.
Idiographic Self-Monitoring Instruments to Empower Client Participation and Evaluate Outcome in Intensive Family Preservation Services (1996)

Intensive Family Preservation Services seek to reflect the values of focusing on client strengths and viewing clients as colleagues. To promote those values, Intensive Family Preservation Programs should include a systematic form of client self monitoring in their packages of outcome measures. This paper presents a model of idiographic self-monitoring used in time series, single system research design developed for Family Partners, a family preservation program of the School for Contemporary Education in Annandale, Virginia. The evaluation model provides a means of empowering client families to utilize their strengths and promote their status as colleague in determining their own goals, participating in the change process, and measuring their own progress.
조기진통 임산부에서 C-Reactive Protein과 Hematocrit검사의 임상적 의의 및 태반조직학적 변화와의 관계 (1995)

1992년 1월부터 1994년 7월 30일까지 임신 20주에서 35주사이에 양막파수없이 조기진통을 주소로 국립의료원 산부인과에 입원한 조기진통 임산부 81례와 대조군으로 임신 38주에서 42주사이에 양막파수없이 진통이 있어 입원하여 분만한 만삭진통 임산부 50례를 대상으로 혈청 C-reactive protein(CRP) hematocrit검사를 시행하여 태반의 융모양막염 조직소견, 진통 억제제의 효과에 대하여 비교하였고, CRP 양성군에서 항생제 병용효과를 관찰하였으며, Hct 과 조기진통 발생과의 관계에 대해 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. CRP 양성도는 조기진통 임산부중에서 53% 대조군인 만삭진통 임산부주에서 22%로 두군 사이에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 2. 각 군 사이에 연령, 임신, 분만, 유산 횟수에 유의한 차이는 없었고, 입원시 임신주수도 1 군과 2군에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 3. 입원시부터 분만까지 임신지연 기간은 1군에서 29.3+-9.7일로 2군의 12.3+-10.6일보다 유 의하게 길었으며, 분만시 제태기간 역시 1군에서 34.2+-4.3주로 2군의 31.9+-2.4주보다 유의 하게 길었다. 4. 진통억제제를 사용하여 7일이상 분만시 지연된 경우가 1군에서 83%로 2군의 58%보다 유 의하게 높았다. 5. 1군에서 신생아 출생체중 (2232+-105g)과 1분 및 5분 Apgar 점수 (7.8+-0.3, 8.9+-0.3 )가 2 군의 신생아 출생체중 (1678+-152g), 1분 및 5분 Apgar 점수(5.7+-0.7, 6.9+-0.7)보다 현저히 높았다. 6. 분만후 태반의 조직학적 검사상 융모양막염 소견은 조기진통 환자의 80%에서 보였으나 3기의 융모양막염소견은 1군의 15%, 2군에서 55%, 3군의 4%에서 보여 세군 사이에 유의한 차이를 보였다. 7. CRP 양성인 군에서 항생제 치료를 병행하여 1주일 후에 음성으로 바뀐 군은 분만지연 일수가 15.0+-8.8일로 지속적으로 CRP양성을 보인 군의 7.0+-4.6일보다 유의하게 길었다. 또 한 음성으로 바뀐 군은 39%만이 3기 융모양막염소견을 보인데 비해 CRP가 지속적으로 나 타났던 군은 86%에서 3기 융모양막염 소견을 보임으로써 항생제 치료를 병행하는 것이 분 만을 지연시키는 데 효과가 있었다. 8. 조기진통 임산부중 38%가 Hct이 29.9%이하, 43%가 Hct이 30.0%에서 34.9% 사이였던데 비해, 만삭진통 임산부에서는 8%가 Hct이 29.8%이하 38%가 Hct 30.0%에서 34.9%사이에 있 어 Hct 수치와 조기진통 발생사이에 밀접한 관계가 있는 것을 보여주고 있다.
Prediction of Genomewide Conserved Epitope Profiles of HIV-1: Classifier Choice and Peptide Representation (2005)

Identification of peptides binding to Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules is important for accelerating vaccine development and improving immunotherapy. Accordingly, a wide variety of prediction methods have been applied in this context. In this paper, we introduce (tree-based) ensemble classifiers for such problems and contrast their predictive performance with forefront existing methods for both MHC class I and class II molecules. In addition, we investigate the impact of differing peptide representation schemes on performance. Finally, classifier predictions are used to conduct genomewide scans of a diverse collection of HIV-1 strains, enabling assessment of epitope conservation. We investigated all combinations of six classification methods (classification trees, artificial neural networks, support vector machines, as well as the more recently devised ensemble methods (bagging, random forests, boosting) with four peptide representation schemes (amino acid sequence, select biophysical properties, select quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) descriptors, and the combination of the latter two) in predicting peptide binding to an MHC class I molecule (HLA-A2) and MHC class II molecule (HLA-DR4). Our results show that the ensemble methods are consistently more accurate than the other three alternatives. Furthermore, they are robust with respect to parameter tuning. Among the four representation schemes, the amino acid sequence representation gave consistently (across classifiers) best results. This finding obviates the need for feature selection strategies incurred by use of biophysical and/or QSAR properties. We obtained, and aligned, a diverse set of 32 HIV-1 genomes and pursued genomewide HLA-DR4 epitope profiling by querying with respect to classifier predictions, as obtained under each of the four peptide representation schemes. We validated those epitopes conserved across strains against known T-cell epitopes. Once again, amino acid sequence representation was at least as effective as using properties. Assessment of novel epitope predictions awaits experimental verification.
An aperture coupled microstrip antenna with a proximity feed on a perpendicular substrate (1987)

A new feeding configuration for microstrip antennas is described, where separate substrates are used for the radiating patch element and the microstrip feedline. The substrates are joined perpendicular to each other, and the patch is excited through an aperture in the antenna substrate ground plane by proximity coupling to the microstrip feedline, This design thus has a number of advantages over other feeding configurations, particularly when used in an integrated phased array application. These features, as well as the measured results from two experimental models, are described.
[Formation of gigantic mitochondria in human blood lymphocytes under the effect of an He-Ne laser]. (1993)

A phenomenon of formation of giant mitochondria in lymphocytes after He-Ne-laser irradiation (56 J/m2, 5.6 W/m2) was discovered. Reconstruction of mitochondria from ultrathin sections through the whole lymphocyte showed that 1 h after the irradiation the number of mitochondria was reduced to 9-12 compared to 40-45 in the control cells. In the irradiated lymphocytes 2-4 branching giant mitochondria were revealed instead of small discrete mitochondria in the control cells. Other 6-7 mitochondria were found to retain their shape and volume. It is suggested that the giant mitochondria are formed by fusion of small mitochondria. Formation of giant mitochondria may reflect the increase in the energy exchange level.
Effect of chromium promoter on copper catalysts in ethanol dehydrogenation (1994)

Abstract A series of chromium‐promoted copper catalysts with various Cr to Cu molar ratios were prepared with the co‐precipitation method. The promotional effects of chromium on copper catalysts were examined by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), nitrous oxide decomposition, and the dehydrogenation reaction of ethanol. The dehydrogenation reaction was carried out in a continuous‐flow microreactor between 523 and 583 K under atmospheric pressure. The results indicated that the promotional effect was dependent on the Cr/Cu molar ratio, and the predominant decay of catalysts in this study was caused by sintering. The catalyst with the Cr/Cu molar ratio of 4/40 has the highest activity and stability. The surrounded well‐dispersed chromia strongly influenced the catalytic properties of copper metal. It also showed that the over‐promotation of a catalyst has a disastrous effect on the total make of product. The ethanol dehydrogenation reaction follows a first‐order reaction, and the kinetics for deactivation can be described by a second‐order expression.