gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acoustic nonlinearity in fluorinert. (2009)

Fluorinert FC-43 nonlinearity was investigated using two approaches: (i) a finite amplitude method with harmonic production and (ii) a nonlinear frequency mixing in the fluid with consequent beam profile measurement of the difference frequency. The finite amplitude method provides information on the coefficient of nonlinearity, β, through the amplitudes of the fundamental and the second harmonic, at a certain transmitter-receiver distance. A calibrated hydrophone was used as a receiver in order to obtain direct pressure measurements of the acoustic waves in the fluid. The role of transmitter-receiver distance in β determination is investigated. In the second approach, a single transducer is used to provide two high-frequency beams. The collinear high-frequency beams mix nonlinearly in the fluid resulting in a difference frequency beam and higher order harmonics of the primaries. The difference frequency beam profile is investigated at lengths beyond the mixing distance. The experimental data are compared with the KZK theory.
A bio-nanocapsule containing envelope (E) protein domain III of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) protects mice against lethal JEV infection (2013)

An engineered bio-nanocapsule (BNC) comprising modified hepatitis B surface antigen L protein was used as a physical scaffold for envelope protein domain III (D3) of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). At the N terminus, the BNC contained a two-tandem repeat of the Z domain (ZZ) derived from Staphylococcus aureus protein A (ZZ-BNC). The Lys-rich ZZ moiety exposed on the surface of ZZ-BNC was used for chemical conjugation with the JEV D3 antigen, which had been expressed and purified from Escherichia coli. Immunization of mice with D3 loaded on the surface of ZZ-BNC (ZZ-BNC:D3) augmented serum IgG response against JEV and increased protection against lethal JEV infection. The present study suggests that innocuous recombinant antigens, when loaded on the surface of ZZ-BNC, can be transformed to immunogenic antigens.
Human face detection in a scene (2002)

A new method to locate human faces in a complex background is proposed. This system utilizes a hierarchical knowledge-based method and consists of three levels. The higher two levels are based on mosaic images at different resolutions. In the lower level, an improved edge detection method is proposed. The problem of scale is solved, and the system is made more practical, so that it can locate unknown human faces spanning a wide range of sizes in a complex black-white picture.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
MODELING MULTISCALE LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE WITHIN A HIERARCHICAL SCALE-SPACE FRAMEWORK (2002)

In this paper we describe a novel integration of Hierarchy Theory and Linear Scale-Space for automatically visualizing, and modeling dominant landscape structures at multiple scales. Specifically, we describe 3D methods for modelling and visualizing landscape scale-domains by using scale-space events as critical domain thresholds. This novel approach provides the capacity to automatically define dominant landscape structures within varying shaped scale domains, as well as through (all) domains. We hypothesize that the resulting domain structures represent critical landscape scale thresholds; which could be used as templates to define the grain and extent at which scale-dependent ecological models could be developed and applied, and the limits over which landscape data may be uniquely scaled.
Phylogenetic Insight into Evolution of Mammalian Fc Fragment of γG Globulin Using Staphylococcal Protein A (1970)

Abstract The reaction between protein A of staphylococci and the Fc portion of γG globulins has been studied using representative sera and isolated γ globulins from species representing seven classes and 30 orders of living vertebrates. No reactions with immunoglobulins derived from either the primitive or later evolving fishes were noted. No reactions were recorded among Amphibia and Reptilia as well as all birds tested, except with serum from the primitive flightless bird Rhea americana. All members of the class Mammalia, including egg-laying monotremes, showed reactions with protein A except for the American oppossum. A comparison of patterns of reactivity between protein A and isolated human rheumatoid factors showed that in the majority of instances different specificities were involved. Protein A may provide a useful tool in the study of the evolution of γG globulin.
Densities of molten potassium disulfate-potassium hydrogen sulfate and potassium disulfate-potassium hydrogen sulfate-vanadium pentoxide (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDensities of molten potassium disulfate-potassium hydrogen sulfate and potassium disulfate-potassium hydrogen sulfate-vanadium pentoxideNiels Holger Hansen and Niels J. BjerrumCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1981, 26, 1, 13–16Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je00023a007https://doi.org/10.1021/je00023a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views65Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Use of Extracorporeal Circulation and Profound Hypothermia in the Treatment of Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysm (1964)

T HE aim of direct surgical t reatment in cases of ruptured intracranial aneurysm is the prevention of recurrent hemorrhage by obliteration or reinforcement of the sac. The results of t reatment are in large part predicated on the pre-operative condition of the patient, 4 particularly in relation to the state of the arterial tree (age, hypertension, local spasm) and the presence of cerebral edema, infarction or clot. The deep exposure required adds further insult to the brain damaged through retraction, injury to small perforating arteries or the parent vessels, and the production of arterial spasm. To increase the safety of operation various adjuncts have been favored, such as hypotension, urea and hypothermia. Conventional hypothermia introduced by Botterell et al. 4 has become used widely in the protection of the brain during craniotomy in these cases. Experimentally at ~8~ cerebral metabolism is reduced below 50 per cent s and the effects of hypoxia have been avoided in patients during intervals of 5 to 10 min. of occlusion of the carotid and/or vertebral artery. Ear ly favorable impressions are now under scrutiny, and Hamby 7 has stated recently that in his cases the use of hypothermia has not increased useful survival materially. From experience in this unit conventional hypothermia, with or without urea, has not prevented the development of postoperative arterial spasm and ischemic brain damage which, in our opinion, are chief causes of morbidity and mortali ty resulting from early direct surgical attack. Cardiovascular surgeons introduced profound hypothermia to protect the brain during longer periods of circulatory arrest in
Chronic alpha 1-adrenergic blockade stimulates terminal and arcade arteriolar development (1996)

The arteriolar network undergoes structural adaptation in several physiological and pathological conditions, including exercise, maturation, hypertension, and reduced tissue perfusion due to arterial ligation. Although many physical and biochemical stimuli for arteriolar adaptation have been proposed, the individual contributions of these specific stimuli have yet to be elucidated. We tested the hypothesis that hemodynamic stress is an important determinant of growth and remodeling in the arteriolar network. An immunofluorescence, dual-labeling technique for the smooth muscle (SM) contractile proteins SM alpha-actin and SM myosin heavy chain (MHC) was used to assess terminal and arcade arteriolar (AA) remodeling in the rat gracilis muscle arteriolar network in response to chronic vasodilation, a stimulus that elevates circumferential wall stress levels in the arterioles and capillaries. SM alpha-actin, a marker of SM from the earliest stages of differentiation, was used to delineate the terminal and AAs. SM-MHC, a marker of SM in later stages of differentiation, was used to assess the relative maturity state of SM in terminal arteriolar endings. Mean percentage of SM-MHC negative terminal arteriolar endings per muscle, a measure of terminal arteriolar development, increased from 37.6 to 56.0% after 1 wk of prazosin treatment and from 36.3 to 57.6% after 2 wk of treatment. Mean number of AA segments with diameters < 15 microns increased more than threefold from 1.25 to 5.25 after 2 wk, consistent with the formation of new AA segments by the anastomoses of small-diameter terminal arterioles. Because arteriolar remodeling proceeded in a network pattern that has been shown to be consistent with a circumferential wall stress-growth rule and inconsistent with a wall shear stress-growth rule, the experimental results suggest that circumferential wall stress is a stimulus for arteriolar network remodeling.
Using metabolomic analysis to understand inflammatory bowel diseases (2010)

Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) attributed to a dysregulated immune response towards intestinal microbiota. Although various susceptibility genes have been identified for CD and UC, the exact disease etiology is unclear and complicated by the influence of environmental factors. Metabolomic analysis enables high sample throughput measurements of multiple metabolites in biological samples. The use of metabolomic analysis in medical sciences has revealed metabolite perturbations associated with diseases. This article provides a summary of the current understanding of IBD, and describes potential applications and previous metabolomic analysis in IBD research to understand IBD pathogenesis and improve IBD therapy.
Maintaining stability with distributed generation in a restructured industry (2004)

A set of reduced order, linearized, dynamic models for distributed generators is developed along with a framework for modeling the generators in a power distribution system. Analysis of this distributed system structure raises two issues. The first is that the simulations demonstrate, unexpectedly, that a small load disturbance is capable of causing frequency instability in the primary dynamics of the distributed generators. Eigenanalysis of the instability suggests that it is a system phenomenon. The second issue is that the system matrix is found to not have a block diagonal dominant structure raising questions over the possible implementation of decentralized control strategies. A method to regain system stability along with an example of implementing this method are presented, along with the generator models.
Survey of naturally occurring CD4 <sup>+</sup> T cell responses against NY-ESO-1 in cancer patients: Correlation with antibody responses (2003)

NY-ESO-1 is one of the most immunogenic proteins described in human cancers, based on its capacity to elicit simultaneous antibody and CD8+ T cell responses in vivo. Although HLA class II restricted epitopes from NY-ESO-1 have been identified, no broad survey has yet established the status of natural CD4+ T cell responses in cancer patients in relation to CD8+ and antibody responses. We used a recently developed general strategy for monitoring CD4+ responses that overcomes the need for prior knowledge of epitope or HLA restriction to analyze a series of 31 cancer patients and healthy donors for the presence of CD4+ T cells to NY-ESO-1, and related this response to NY-ESO-1 expression in tumor cells and serum antibodies to NY-ESO-1. None of the 18 patients that tested seronegative for NY-ESO-1 had detectable CD4+ T cell responses. On the contrary, 11 of 13 cancer patients with serum antibodies to NY-ESO-1 had polyclonal CD4+ T cell responses directed against various known and previously undescribed NY-ESO-1 epitopes. NY-ESO-1 peptide 80-109 was the most immunogenic, with 10 of 11 patients responding to this peptide. We show here that 12-mer determinants from NY-ESO-1 eliciting a CD4+ T cell response were peptide 87-98 with promiscuous HLA class II presentation, peptide 108-119 restricted by HLA-DP4, and peptides 121-132 and 145-156, both shorter epitopes from previously described HLA-DR4 peptides, also presented by HLA-DR7. This study represents the next step in compiling a comprehensive picture of the adaptive immune response to NY-ESO-1, and provides a general strategy for analyzing the CD4+ T cell response to other tumor antigens eliciting a humoral immune response.
Antihypertensive effects of SA446, hydralazine and the combination on renal hypertensive rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats by long-term treatment. (1986)

SA446 [(2R, 4R)-2-(o-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(3-mercaptopropionyl)-4- thiazolidinecarboxylic acid] (30 mg/kg/day), an orally active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, lowered significantly indirect systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 2-kidney, 1-clip renal hypertensive rats (RHR) by consecutive oral administration over a 14 week period. Daily oral dosing of hydralazine (2 mg/kg/day) for 14 weeks had little or no effect on SBP, but potentiated the antihypertensive effect of SA446. One to two weeks after discontinuation of the drugs, SBP in SA446 and the combination groups returned to the control level. Survival rates were 64%, 30% in the control and hydralazine group, respectively, but no death was observed in the SA446 group and the combination group throughout the administration period. Twenty-four hour urine volume and water intake tended to increase in the hydralazine group through the administration period, but increased apparently in the SA446 group and the combination group after discontinuation of the drugs. Daily oral dosing of SA446 (45 mg/kg/day) for over 16 weeks completely prevented the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Daily oral dosing of hydralazine (2 mg/kg/day) similarly prevented the development. The combined effect with SA446 and hydralazine on the development was also observed. SBP in the SA446 group and the combination group increased gradually after discontinuation of the drugs, but were maintained at a low level as compared with the control group 3 weeks after discontinuation, while hydralazine gave a rapid return. No influences were observed in 24 hr-urine volume and water intake during and after the administration period in SHR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ChemInform Abstract: Nanocomposites Containing Nanoclusters of Metal Phosphides of the Nickel Group Elements: an Overview (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A KINETIC MODEL OF IMBIBITION IN SOILS (2001)

A series of imbibition tests were conducted in soil samples that were contaminated or clean. The imbibition tests were done in a counter current fashion with controlled water rates, so that instant and complete saturation was explicitly avoided. Low-field NMR was used to monitor the imbibition process as a function of time. The spectra obtained were compared to “standard” spectra obtained with unconsolidated media. A number of unexpected and seemingly counter intuitive observations were made. It was found that the NMR spectra could be resolved into peaks that correspond to different pore sizes (as expected). However, the intensities and maxima of the peaks changed as a function of time, thus allowing for the monitoring of the redistribution of water in the porous media. Water ultimately migrated towards smaller pores from larger pores. As this migration occurred, the peaks corresponding to larger pores shrunk and the peaks corresponding to smaller pores increased. It is probable that substances in or on the surfaces of smaller pores develop as colloidal components or gels. It was possible to take these peaks and perform a kinetic analysis of water uptake in the porous medium. Kinetic data for wettable soils pointed to zero order kinetics for water uptake in the small pores. It was also found that soils previously contaminated and denoted as water-repellent appeared to follow second order kinetics for the water uptake in small pores. A kinetic model of imbibition can be formulated, with constants that describe the water uptake by different pore sizes. Furthermore, NMR offered an alternative for measurements of wettability in soils. This alternative is considered to be very important because there is no quantitative tool for measuring wetting properties of soils today. Qualitative measurement tests currently used are not theoretically sound.
Relaxation behaviour of NLO chromophores grafted in hybrid sol–gel matrices (1994)

Poled hybrid siloxane–oxide coatings synthesized through hydrolysis and condensation from tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) and N-[3-triethoxysilylpropyl]-2,4-dinitrophenylamine (TSDP) precursors have been characterized via second-harmonic generation (SHG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSG) and 29Si magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) measurements. Depending on chemical composition the SHG values range between 2.5 and 10 pm V–1. The matrix rigidity seems to have a strong influence on the relaxation behaviour of the optically non-linear chromophores grafted in these hybrid networks. The glass-transition temperatures of the hybrid coatings increase with the TMOS content and the thermal curing time. These modifications can be explained by an increase in the condensation and degree of crosslinking of siloxane and silica species.
Study of permanent magnet motor using a three-dimensional bend core (2015)

In this paper, to provide a reduction in size and weight of the motor, improvements to the torque density by the use of a three-dimensional bend core motor was examined. The motor using the three-dimension bend core can collect the flux leakage. The torque density was able to be improved by 20% by effectively using the magnetic flux. As a result, the reduction in size and weight of the motor becomes possible, and the performance gain of the automobile or robot can be expected.
Amplitude of Ventricular Fibrillation Waveform and Outcome After Cardiac Arrest (1985)

The amplitude of ventricular fibrillation found initially in 394 patients was compared to clinical and logistical findings at the time of cardiac arrest. Peak-to-peak amplitude averaged 0.55 +/- 0.25 mV; a very low amplitude (0.2 mV or less) or "fine" fibrillation was present in 66 patients (17%). The amplitude was not found to be related to clinical histories, but depended on the length of the period from collapse until start of basic life support (p = 0.004) and the delay until assessment by paramedics (p = 0.001). Survival rates were strongly associated with amplitude: only 4 patients (6%) with fine ventricular fibrillation survived, compared to 117 or 328 patients (36%) in whom the initial amplitude was higher (p less than 0.001). Patient outcome related to amplitude even after adjusting for clinical history and logistical delays (p less than 0.005). We conclude that fine ventricular fibrillation is in part the result of delay in initiation of treatment, and that fibrillation amplitude is a powerful indicator of outcome after cardiac arrest.
A new class of permanent magnetic lattices for ultracold atoms and Bose-Einstein condensates (2006)

We propose a new class of permanent magnetic lattices on an atom chip for producing 1D and 2D periodic arrays of Ioffe-Pritchard magnetic micro-traps with variable barrier height for trapping and manipulating ultracold atoms and Bose-Einstein condensates. The barrier height of the microtraps may be varied by changing a bias magnetic field. In one of the con gurations, we show how we can go from a 1D array of 2D microtraps to a 2D array of 3D microtraps by changing the angle between two crossed arrays of parallel rectangular magnets. Furthermore, by changing the angle between the crossed arrays of magnets, the barrier heights can be varied. This suggests the possibility of performing a type of 'mechanical' BEC to Mott insulator quantum phase transition in a permanent magnetic lattice.
Political leadership in Xinjiang during the People’s Republic (2010)

Xinjiang, the nominally autonomous region in China's far northwest, is of increasing international strategic and economic importance. With a population which is mainly non-Chinese and Muslim, there are powerful forces for autonomy, and independence, in Xinjiang. This book provides a comprehensive overview of Xinjiang. It introduces Xinjiang's history, economy and society, and above all outlines the political and religious opposition by the Uyghur and other Turkic peoples of Xinjiang to Chinese Communist rule.
6.3: Thin Glass‐Polymer Systems as Flexible Substrates for Displays (2002)

Abstract Thin and flexible substrates are urgently needed to realize new applications for LCD‐ and OLED displays. The use of polymer foils is limited due to high permeation rates for oxygen and water and complicated coatings are needed to reduce the permeation rate. On the other hand even ultra thin glass has excellent barrier properties but limitations regarding mechanical stability. The developed thin glass‐polymer systems with a thickness range from 100‐50 μm show excellent barrier properties combined with sufficient bending property to shape displays for various applications. An organic polymer coating on the ultra thin glass by means of dipping or spin coating improves significantly the mechanical stability of the thin glass. Thus, the thin glass‐polymer substrates can be used in conventional cleaning and ITO process lines. The influence of various coatings on the mechanical properties is shown.
Study on Corrosion Resistance of Aluminized Steel in the Atmosphere (1960)

The corrosion resistance of the 99.7% aluminized steel, galvanized steel, 18 Cr stainless steel and Chromium, Nickel, Cupper, Brass or Zinc electroplated steel was examined for 2 years in the seaside, rural, and industrial districts.As a result aluminized steel showed as good corrosion resistance as that of pure aluminium in each district. Especially anodized aluminized steel had especially the bright surface.