gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of Microorganisms in Traditional Asian Foods Made with Fermented Wheat Flour and Their Hypoallergenization (2003)

Traditional wheat flour foods in many Asian countries are produced by natural fermentation. Enterobacter cloacae GAO was isolated from the starter of traditional flour fermented foods. Immunoblotting with the serum of the patient using this flow showed that an immunological reaction of the fermented foods with Enterobacter cloacae GAO was different from that with yeast. The bacteria were isolated from traditional wheat flour foods and identified as Bacillus sp, Lactobacillus sp, Leuconostoc sp. and Lactococcus sp. The fermentation time of ‘mantou’ by enzymes of a B. pumilus and yeast mixture was shorter than the time with yeast alone. The sensory evaluation showed that the ‘mantou’ prepared with B. pumlus and yeast was as good as that with Enterobacter cloacae GAO or yeast alone. Different immunoblotting patterns were observed in the case of the ‘mantou’ prepared with yeast or E. cloacae GAO. The salt-soluble protein of ‘mantou’ prepared with B. pumilus and yeast has about 1/20–1/30 in comparison of the inhibition obtained with the control in RAST inhibition experiments.
Retrievals of nighttime electron density from Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) mission Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) measurements (2004)

In this work we will present a method for retrieving nighttime electron density profiles from OI 135.6 nm limb emissions measured by the Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) aboard the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) mission spacecraft. The primary mechanism for 135.6 nm radiance in the nighttime thermosphere is recombination of O + ions, and the volume emission rate is approximately proportional to the square of the electron density. Herein we describe a two‐step inversion method in which we first determine the volume emission rate as a function of altitude from the radiance measurements and then use the inferred volume emission rates to determine the electron density profile. There are two important factors that we have addressed in constructing the retrieval algorithms for this problem. First, the GUVI instrument was primarily designed for day side measurements. Consequently, the signal levels on the night side are very low, and our retrieval algorithms must therefore be able to function in regions where the signals are weak. Second, since we must take the square root of the volume emission rate, it must be everywhere positive in order for the electron density to be deduced. For this reason, we have imposed nonnegativity constraints (using the methods described by Menke [1989] ) on what might otherwise be discrete linear retrievals of volume emission rate. After describing the retrieval method we present an error analysis and a preliminary comparison with coincident measurements by incoherent scatter radars (ISRs). In general, the retrieved electron densities from the GUVI data agree well with the ISR data, although more coincident measurements would increase our confidence in the resulting electron density profiles.
Solution Concentration Prediction for Pharmaceutical Crystallization Processes Using Robust Chemometrics and ATR FTIR Spectroscopy (2002)

In the pharmaceutical industry, a vast number of compounds are produced by solution crystallization, making the design and development of such processes of critical importance. The kinetics of crystal growth and nucleation, the fundamental mechanisms of a solution crystallization process, are strongly dependent on supersaturation (the difference between solution concentration and the saturation concentration). The present study uses attenuated total reflection (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, coupled with robust chemometric techniques, for the on-line measurement of solution concentration of two pharmaceutical compounds in multicomponent systems in the presence of impurities and over a wide range of temperature. To our best knowledge, this is the first time that ATR FTIR spectroscopy has been applied to a multicomponent pharmaceutical system. The resulting models show high accuracy in predicting the solution concentration and are applied successfully in measuring the solubility for the cases of cooling and antisolvent crystallization.
Synthesis of Oxazoles and Thiazoles Using Thioimidates (1994)

Several oxazoles and thiazoles were synthesized easily by the reaction of N-(methylthioalkylidene)glycine ethyl ester with diethyl oxalate, acid halides, and thionesters in the presence of base.
Mass spectrometric identification of phosphorylation sites of rRNA transcription factor upstream binding factor (2006)

rRNA transcription is a fundamental requirement for all cellular growth processes and is activated by the phosphorylation of the upstream binding factor (UBF) in response to growth stimulation. Even though it is well known that phosphorylation of UBF is required for its activation and is a key step in activation of rRNA transcription, as yet, there has been no direct mapping of the UBF phosphorylation sites. The results of the present studies employed sophisticated nano-flow HPLC-microelectrospray-ionization tandem mass spectrometry (nHPLC-muESI-MS/MS) coupled with immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) and computer database searching algorithms to identify 10 phosphorylation sites on UBF at serines 273, 336, 364, 389, 412, 433, 484, 546, 584, and 638. We then carried out functional analysis of two of these sites, serines 389 and 584. Serine-alanine substitution mutations of 389 (S389A) abrogated rRNA transcription in vitro and in vivo, whereas mutation of serine 584 (S584A) reduced transcription in vivo but not in vitro. In contrast, serine-glutamate mutation of 389 (S389E) restored transcriptional activity. Moreover, S389A abolished UBF-SL1 interaction in vitro, while S389E partially restored UBF-SL1 interaction. Taken together, the results of these studies suggest that growth factor stimulation induces an increase in rRNA transcriptional activity via phosphorylation of UBF at serine 389 in part by facilitating a rate-limiting step in the recruitment of RNA polymerase I: i.e., recruitment of SL1. Moreover, studies provide critical new data regarding multiple additional UBF phosphorylation sites that will require further characterization by the field.
Toxic Effects Induced in Rabbits by Extracellular Products and Sonicates of Group A Streptococci (1968)

Rabbits injected with streptococcal extracellular protein (SEP) developed degenerative and infiltrative lesions in the heart and liver, with coagulation necrosis and multinucleated giant cells in the latter organ. The majority of these rabbits also showed elevated levels of glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, or of sorbitol dehydrogenase, and all showed elevated serum lipids. These biochemical indications of cell injury could be found within 2 to 4 hours after a first injection of SEP. No such biochemical or pathologic effects were found following an injection of heated SEP or a commercially available streptokinase-streptodornase preparation from group C streptococcal culture. In a preliminary fractionation of SEP all the activity was found in a fraction not adsorbed to DEAE cellulose at pH 7.4 (0.05 M P04). The active fraction contained at least five antigens and four of the known streptococcal enzymes. Injection of extracts of sonically disrupted streptococci produced similar biochemical and pathologic changes. There was some cross-reacting material between the sonicates and anti-SEP serum.
Distance learning in senior design [disability aid projects] (2002)

This paper describes a senior design distance-learning experience between University of Connecticut (UConn) and Ohio University (OU) in implementation of an NSF grant to support senior design projects to aid persons with disabilities. Devices and software to aid persons with disabilities often need custom modification, or are prohibitively expensive. Much of the disabled community does not have access to custom modification of available devices. Some individuals have needs that have not yet been met by products available on the market. In 1988, the NSF started to provide a mechanism whereby engineering students at universities throughout the United States designed and constructed devices for persons with disabilities. This program combined the academic requirement of a design experience with enhanced educational opportunities for students, and improved the quality of life for disabled individuals. Students and university faculty provided, through their normal ABET accredited senior design class, engineering time to design and build the device or software, and the NSF provided funds for supplies, equipment and fabrication costs for the design projects. Described in this report are experiences that involved students at UConn constructing products for people in the Appalachian community near OU.
Cigarette Smoking Alters Sympathoadrenal Regulation by Decreasing the Density of β2-Adrenoceptors. A Study of Monitored Smoking Cessation (1991)

We report the effects of monitored smoking cessation on adrenergic regulation in chronic smokers. The beta 2 adrenoceptor density of mononuclear leukocytes (MNLs) and plasma catecholamines was analyzed before cessation and 2, 3, and 8 weeks after cessation. We found a progressive increase in beta-adrenoceptor density after smoking cessation. During smoking the beta-adrenoceptor density was 1.456 +/- 83 (mean +/- SEM) binding sites per cell (n = 10), whereas 3 weeks after cessation the density was 1,774 +/- 157 sites per cell (n = 10; p less than 0.05), and at 8 weeks, 1,900 +/- 227 sites per cell (n = 8; p less than 0.05), representing an overall increase of 23%. Smoking cessation had no effect on binding affinity nor on lymphocyte subgroup distribution. The density of MNL cell beta-adrenoceptors in age-matched nonsmoking men was higher, at 1,896 +/- 271 sites per cell, than that of the chronic smokers before cessation, 1,419 +/- 117 sites per cell (n = 14; p less than 0.01). Plasma epinephrine decreased as a result of cessation from 0.36 pmol/ml (0.26-0.44, 95% confidence interval; baseline) to 0.26 pmol/ml (0.20-0.32) at 8 weeks (p less than 0.05), and norepinephrine decreased from 2.09 pmol/ml (1.38-2.80) to 1.69 pmol/ml (1.14-2.24; p = 0.06). We conclude that stopping smoking progressively increases beta 2-adrenoceptor density on MNL cells. Eight weeks after cessation the adrenoceptor density reaches the corresponding level of nonsmokers. These reversible changes in adrenergic regulation after smoking cessation may be associated with the relatively rapid reduction in cardiovascular disease risk among ex-smokers.
OpenThinning: Fast 3D Thinning based on Local Neighborhood Lookups (2016)

3D Thinning is an often required image processing task in order to perform shape analysis in various applications. For researchers in these domains, a fast, flexible and easy to access implementation is required. Open source solutions, as the Insights Segmentation and Registration Toolkit (ITK), are often used for image processing and visualization tasks, due to their wide range of provided algorithms. Unfortunately, ITK’s thinning implementation is computational expensive and allows solely one specific thinning approach. Therefore, this work presents OpenThinning, an open source thinning solution for 3D image data. The implemented algorithm evaluates a moving local neighborhood to find deletable voxels, according to different sets of criteria. In order to reduce the computational effort, all possible local neighborhood setting outputs are stored in a lookup table. To show the effectiveness of OpenThinning, the implementation is compared to the performance of the ITK library.
Effect of Venous and Lymphatic Congestion on Lymph Capillary Pressure of the Skin in Healthy Volunteers and Patients with Lymph Edema (2000)

The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of venous and lymphatic congestion on lymph capillary pressure (LCP) in the skin of the foot dorsum of healthy volunteers and of patients with lymph edema. LCP was measured at the foot dorsum of 12 patients with lymph edema and 18 healthy volunteers using the servo-nulling technique. Glass micropipettes (7-9 microm) were inserted under microscopic control into lymphatic microvessels visualized by fluorescence microlymphography before and during venous congestion. Venous and lymphatic congestion was attained by cuff compression (50 mm Hg) at the thigh level. Simultaneously, the capillary filtration rate was measured using strain gauge plethysmography. The mean LCP in patients with lymph edema increased significantly (p < 0.05) during congestion (15.7 +/- 8.8 mm Hg) compared to the control value (12.2 +/- 8.9 mm Hg). The corresponding values of LCP in healthy volunteers were 4.3 +/- 2.6 mm Hg during congestion and 2.6 +/- 2.8 mm Hg during control conditions (p < 0.01). The mean increase in LCP in patients with lymph edema was 3.4 +/- 4.1 mm Hg, and 1.7 +/- 2.0 mm Hg in healthy volunteers (NS). The maximum spread of the lymph capillary network in patients increased from 13.9 +/- 6.8 mm before congestion to 18.8 +/- 8.2 mm during thigh compression (p < 0.05). No increase could be observed in healthy subjects. In summary, venous and lymphatic congestion by cuff compression at the thigh level results in a significant increase in LCP in healthy volunteers as well as in patients with lymph edema. The increased spread of the contrast medium in the superficial microlymphatics in lymph edema patients indicates a compensatory mechanism for lymphatic drainage during congestion of the veins and lymph collectors of the leg.
Etude des phénomènes de réfraction et de diffraction avec un modèle d’approche de la houle en coordonnées curvilignes (2008)

Le modle prsent ici suit la propagation de la houle dans les coordonnes curvilignes formes par les rayons et les crtes (BOUGIS, 2004) vitant ainsi les limitations angulaires lies la parabolisation de l'quation de Berkhoff sur un axe privilgi. La mthode consiste construire un maillage en rfraction pure d'abord, puis le modifier en tenant compte de la diffraction par un processus itratif. Les influences de la rfraction et de la diffraction, calcules de faon combine, peuvent nanmoins tre analyses de manire dcouple. Le modle est ensuite confront REFDIF en houle rgulire et SWAN en houle irrgulire et montre des rsultats intressants.
Expression of oxytocin receptor in the rat superior cervical ganglion after myocardial infarction. (2018)

The expression of OTR in SCG after experimental myocardial infarction group was enhanced, suggesting the involvement of OTR in SCG may play a role in the transmission of sympathetic responses after MI.
Platinum silicide Schottky barrier infrared photodetectors with a grating: optical response and backbias-dependent polarization sensitivity (2002)

Platinum silicide Schottky barrier detectors are widely used for infrared applications in the 3-5 /spl mu/m wavelength region. The uniformity of the metal deposition along with the compatibility of the fabrication process with standard CMOS technology makes PtSi highly suited for large and high resolution focal plane arrays. To improve the quantum efficiency we have fabricated PtSi Schottky diodes on p-Si with various dry-etched lamellar gratings. The grating periods were 3 /spl mu/m, 4 /spl mu/m and 5 /spl mu/m, and the grating amplitudes were chosen between 300 nm and 1100 nm. The grating structure influences the optical properties of the diode and the absorption in the PtSi layer depends on the polarization of the incoming radiation. For TE-polarized light the E-field vector is parallel to the grating grooves, for the TM-polarization it is perpendicular.
Pyrrolidinium-Based Ionic Liquids. 1-Butyl-1-methyl Pyrrolidinium Dicyanoamide: Thermochemical Measurement, Mass Spectrometry, and ab Initio Calculations (2008)

The standard molar enthalpy of formation of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium dicyanamide has been determined at 298 K by means of combustion calorimetry, while the enthalpy of vaporization and the mass spectrum of the vapor (ion pairs) have been determined by temperature-programmed desorption and line of sight mass spectrometry. Ab initio calculations for 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium dicyanamide have been performed using the G3MP2 and CBS-QB3 theory, and the results from homodesmic reactions are in excellent agreement with the experiments.
Contrast sensitivity of hemodialysis patients. (1983)

The contrast sensitivity of patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy for chronic renal failure was measured and compared to that of a control group. Both contrast sensitivity and visual acuity of the patients were reduced. Ocular and fundoscopic exams revealed differences between the patients and controls, but these differences could not fully account for the visual deficits. The visual deficits could be expected to cause reduced visibility under everyday conditions for the patients.
Resonant self-trapping of Bessel beams in plasma channels (2002)

Summary form only given. Recent pump-probe experiments showing trapping and quasiguiding of a probe pulse in a preformed plasma channel at low gas pressure suggests that at higher initial gas pressure, increased laser-plasma interaction could result in self-trapping of the pump pulse itself. The investigation of this self-consistent beam-plasma interaction is reported here.
Security in The Gaussian Interference Channel: Weak and Moderately Weak\n Interference Regimes (2016)

We consider a secure communication scenario through the two-user Gaussian\ninterference channel: each transmitter (user) has a confidential message to\nsend reliably to its intended receiver while keeping it secret from the other\nreceiver. Prior work investigated the performance of two different approaches\nfor this scenario; i.i.d. Gaussian random codes and real alignment of\nstructured codes. While the latter achieves the optimal sum secure degrees of\nfreedom (s.d.o.f.), its extension to finite SNR regimes is challenging. In this\npaper, we propose a new achievability scheme for the weak and the moderately\nweak interference regimes, in which the reliability as well as the\nconfidentiality of the transmitted messages are maintained at any finite SNR\nvalue. Our scheme uses lattice structure, structured jamming codewords, and\nlattice alignment in the encoding and the asymmetric compute-and-forward\nstrategy in the decoding. We show that our lower bound on the sum secure rates\nscales linearly with log(SNR) and hence, it outperforms i.i.d. Gaussian random\ncodes. Furthermore, we show that our achievable result is asymptotically\noptimal. Finally, we provide a discussion on an extension of our scheme to K>2\nusers.\n
APOLIPOPROTEIN E PHENOTYPE DOES NOT PREDICT RISK OF RENAL IMPAIRMENT AFTER CABG SURGERY (1998)

Introduction. Acute renal failure (ARF) following cardiac surgery is associated with a mortality rate ranging from 24% to 70%. While studies have identified preoperative risk factors for ARF [1], a genetic basis for the development of renal dysfunction after coronary artery bypass (CABG) surgery has not been previously investigated. Certain apolipoprotein E (ApoE) phenotypes have been associated with accelerated atherosclerosis (ApoE4) [2] and end-stage renal disease (ApoE2) [3]. We examined the hypothesis that patients with these high risk ApoE phenotypes are predisposed to renal dysfunction after cardiac surgery. Methods. With IRB approval, perioperative data for 159 elective CABG surgical patients was gathered from the Duke Heart Center and Anesthesia Databases including: age, sex, weight, preoperative ejection fraction, New York Heart Association Functional Class, history of diabetes and hypertension, duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, and number of coronary artery grafts. Postoperative change in creatinine (DCR) was calculated from preoperative and peak postoperative serum creatinine values. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from each patient and stored at 4[degree sign]C before processing. ApoE genotypes were determined using standard methods. ApoE phenotype was designated as E2(E2/2 and 2/3), E3(E3/3), or E4(E4/4, 4/3 and 4/2) before analysis. Associations were assessed by standard t test, and Kruskal-Wallis test (ApoE phenotype vs. DCR), p<0.05 was considered significant. Results. Patient ApoE phenotypes were distributed as follows: ApoE2 - 25 (E2/2 - 4, E2/3 - 21), ApoE3 - 89 and ApoE4 - 45 (E4/4 - 2, E4/3 - 38, E4/2 - 5). No significant differences were noted between ApoE phenotype groups for the recorded variables. The association between ApoE phenotypes and DCR is presented in Table 1.Table 1Discussion. We did not find ApoE phenotypes to be related to renal dysfunction after CABG surgery. ApoE phenotype distribution in this study was similar to that in the general population. We conclude that ApoE risk factors which influence the occurrence of atherosclerosis and renal disease are not important in the development of renal dysfunction following CABG surgery.
Photochromic heterocyclic fulgides. Part 1. Rearrangement reactions of (E)-α-3-furylethylidene(isopropylidene)succinic anhydride (1981)

The title compound (6) undergoes photochemical conrotatory and thermal disrotatory ring-closure to give red 7,7a-dihydro-4,7,7-trimethylbenzo[b]furan-5,6-dicarboxylic anhydride (7,7a-DHBF)(8) in near quantitative yield. The latter ring-opens in a conrotatory mode to the title compound on exposure to white light, and shows a slow suprafacial 1,5-H shift on heating above 100 °C. The 7a-deuterio-derivative of (8) does not undergo a 1,5-D shift even at 140 °C. The 2,5-dideuterio-derivative of fulgide (6) shows a reversible intramolecular hydrogendeuterium exchange at room temperature to give (E,E)-α-5-deuterio-3-furylethylidene(monodeuterioisopropylidene)succinic anhydride. The acid-catalysed reactions of fulgide (6) and 7,7a-DHBF (8) are described.
Workplace industrial relations in Britain, 1980–2004 (2007)

ABSTRACT The Workplace Industrial Relations Surveys marked a radical departure in the study of industrial relations (IR) by ‘mapping’ IR in Britain with nationally representative large‐scale surveys of workplace managers, thus permitting investigation of the incidence of practices and changes over time. This article reflects on some of what we have learned in the five surveys over the quarter century since 1980, focusing selectively on the demise of collective IR, pay determination, the IR climate, and union effects on wages and employment growth.
Non-equilibrium agglomeration of helium-vacancy clusters in irradiated materials (1990)

Abstract Time evolution of non-equilibrium systems, where the probability density is described by a continuum Fokker-Planck (F-P) equation, is a central area of interest in stochastic processes. In this paper, a numerical solution of a two-dimensional (2-D) F-P equation describing the growth of helium-vacancy clusters (HeVCs) in metals under irradiation is given. First, nucleation rates and regions of stability of HeVCs in the appropriate phase space for fission and fusion devices are established. This is accomplished by solving a detailed set of cluster kinetic rate equations. A nodal line analysis is used to map spontaneous and stochastic nucleation regimes in the helium-vacancy (h-v) phase space. Growth trajectories of HeVCs are then used to evaluate the average HeVC size and helium content during the growth phase of HeVCs in typical growth instability regions. The growth phase of HeVCs is modeled by a continuum 2-D, time-dependent F-P equation. Growth trajectories are used to define a finite solution space in the h-v phase space. A highly efficient dynamic remeshing scheme is developed to solve the F-P equation. As a demonstration, typical HFIR irradiation conditions are chosen. Good agreement between the computed size distributions and those measured experimentally are obtained.