gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recovery of piecewise constant coefficients in optical diffusion tomography (2000)

In optical diffusion tomography the reconstruction of the absorbtion and scattering coefficients is conventionally carried out in a pixel basis. The resulting number of unknowns makes the associated inverse problem severely ill-posed. We have recently proposed a new approach in which the goal is to reconstruct boundaries of piecewise constant tissue regions as well as the diffusion and absorption coefficients within these regions. This method assumes that there is a feasible initial guess on the domain boundaries. In this paper we propose an extension to this approach in which the initial estimate for the boundary and coefficient estimation is extracted from a conventional pixel based reconstruction using standard image processing operations. In the computation of the pixel based reconstruction the output least squares problem is augmented with an approximated total variation prior. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated using simulated frequency domain data. It is shown that since the total variation type approach favors domains with constant coefficients it is well suited for the fixing of the starting point for the actual boundary and coefficient reconstruction method.
Synthesis of a Bifunctional Ligand for the Sequential Enantioselective Catalysis of Various Reactions (2001)

A new bifunctional ligand capable of promoting various enantioselective catalytic transformations has been prepared by connecting a bis(oxazoline) to dihydroquinidine via a spacer. This ligand has been employed in a one-pot procedure, in which the asymmetric cyclopropanation and dihydroxylation of styrene were accomplished in a sequential fashion with good enantioselectivity.
Adult Skin Wounds in the Fetal Environment Heal with Scar Formation (1994)

This study suggests that scarless fetal skin healing properties are intrinsic to fetal skin and are not primarily the result of the fetal environment.
Crystallinity of Saran (1959)

本報告では密度勾配管法を用いてfilamentの比重を測定し, その結晶化度を求めた。実際結晶化度を算出するには次のごとき2つの仮定を行なった。すなわち (1) 結晶はすべてpoly vinylidene chlorideより成ること,(2) filamentの各構成成分の間には比容積の加成性が成立すること。以上の仮定のもとに標準model filamentについて結晶化度を算出し27%の値を得た. この結晶化度は延伸比の増加とともに若干向上する傾向を示すが, 延伸温度が上昇してもこの値はあまり変化しない, しかしながら熱処理を行なうことにより結晶化度はかなり変化し, 異方性結晶質model filamentでは35%の値を示す。また緊張熱処理と無緊張処理とを比較すると, 熱処理による結晶化度の増加は, 前者の方が著しい。
Micro-magnetic simulation study on the magnetic particle imaging performance of anisotropic mono-domain particles (2012)

The performance of magnetic mono-domain particles is of crucial importance in magnetic particle imaging (MPI). So far, the behavior of mono-domain particles has been modeled within the framework of Langevin theory. This theory predicts the dependence of the MPI signal on the particle core size, but cannot account for the influence of the shape, i.e. the anisotropy of the particle core. In this study we present the first micro-magnetic ab initio simulation of spectra of anisotropic particles with different core diameters in an oscillating magnetic field at 25 and 100 kHz. We find that the MPI signal strongly depends on the anisotropy of the magnetic core. Thus, a difference of 3 nm between the principal axes of a prolate ellipsoid with the volume of a 30 nm sphere can result in a complete loss of the MPI signal. Smaller anisotropies, however, can increase the MPI performance of the particle. The simulations show that the effect of the anisotropy on the MPI signal depends on the frequency of the oscillating magnetic field. At 100 kHz, the optimal signal is found at smaller anisotropies than at 25 kHz. Furthermore, the simulations show that experimental spectroscopic results for Resovist® can only be explained quantitatively by particles with a magnetic core size of at least 25 nm.
RELAP4/MOD5: a computer program for transient thermal-hydraulic analysis of nuclear reactors and related systems. User's manual. Volume III. Checkout applications. [PWR and BWR] (1976)

Checkout problems presented include the following: PWR large cold leg break; PWR small cold leg break; PWR intermediate sized cold leg break; BWR large recirculation line break; BWR small recirculation line break; INEL Semiscale small cold leg break; INEL LOFT large cold leg break and INEL Semiscale large cold leg break. Also included is Update 2 of the RELAP 4/M0D5 code.
Finite element analysis of child head injuries in the field of child abuse (2008)

International audience
Compiling for distributed memory multiprocessors based on access region analysis (1997)

Access Form : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 22 2.2.3 Generating Abstract Access Form with Coalescing : : : : : : : : : : : : : 28 2.3 Characteristics of Access Regions : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 32 2.3.1 Conjunctive Regions : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 34 2.3.2 Complementary Regions : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 38 2.3.3 Subregions : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 41 2.4 Basic Operations on Access Regions : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 45 2.4.1 Intersection : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 46 2.4.2 Subtraction : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 49 2.4.3 Aggregation : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 52 2.5 Implementation in Polaris : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 53 2.6 Usage of Access Re...
iRhom2 is required for the secretion of mouse TNFα (2012)

TNFα is a powerful inflammatory stimulus, central both to the control of infection, and as an agent of inflammatory disease. The most potent inducers of TNFα secretion signal through the Toll-like receptors, and we describe here a chemically-induced mutation that impairs this response in macrophages. A missense mutation was revealed in the gene encoding the inactive rhomboid protease iRhom2, which was not complemented by a null allele of the same gene. Neither the missense nor the null allele affected TLR-induced secretion of IL-6. Moreover, unlike a mutation in TNFα, the iRhom2 missense mutation did not cause enhanced susceptibility to colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate. These results establish a specific role for iRhom2 in the secretion of TNFα, and present a new target for the modulation of inflammation.
Granular and Complex Materials (2007)

Foam as Granular Matter (D Weaire et al.) Delaunay Simplex Analysis of the Structure of Equal Sized Spheres (A V Anikeenko et al.) On Entropic Characterization of Granular Materials (R Blumenfeld) Mathematical Modeling of Granular Flow-Slides (I Vardoulakis & S Alevizos) The Mechanics of Brittle Granular Materials (I Einav) Stranger than Friction: Force Chain Buckling and Its Implications for Constitutive Modelling (A Tordesillas) Investigations of Size Effects in Granular Bodies During Plane Strain Compression (J Tejchman & J Gorski) Granular Flows: Fundamentals and Applications (P W Clearly) Fine Tuning DEM Simulations to Perform Virtual Experiments with Three-Dimensional Granular Packings (G W Delaney et al.) Fluctuations in Granular Materials (R P Behringer) Statistical Mechanics of Dense Granular Media (M Pica Ciamarra et al.) Compaction of Granular Systems (P Richard et al.).
[Studies on tumor suppressor genes by gene/chromosome transfer]. (1995)

The gene/chromosome transfer into cultured cancer cells has not only confirmed that genes isolated by the positional cloning method can actually suppress various transformed phenotypes of the cells, but also allowed to speculate cellular functions of cloned or uncloned tumor suppressor genes. One of the important functions of uncloned ones is to induce the cellular senescence program in immortal cancer cells, as revealed by the chromosome transfer. This method has also identified novel chromosomes (or chromosomal regions) carrying putative tumor suppressor genes, which have never been suggested by other approaches, e.g., LOH analyses. Thus, the studies on tumor suppressor genes using cultured cancer cells have different advantages from those of the molecular genetics/molecular biology studies.
Pseudouridine metabolism. III. Studies with isotopically labeled pseudouridine. (1962)

Abstract C 14 -labeled pseudouridine was prepared from rat urine following the administration of isotopically labeled orotic acid. Tritiated pseudouridine was prepared by catalytic exchange of pseudouridine with tritiated water. In each case, material of low specific activity was obtained. In vitro experiments with liver slices and homogenates and administration of the isotopically labeled compound in vivo to rats and man gave no evidence of any significant capacity for catabolism of this substance.
Hot gas testing results of stagnant volume filling through a back-filled RSRM nozzle joint (1999)

Silicone rubber is back-filled into RSW nozzle joints after assembly. A possible artifact of this process is the formation of small pathways through this filter leading to sensitive sealing materials within the joint. At motor ignition, hot gases fill the stagnant volumes within the joint through this path. A series of 14 test has been completed studying this scenario and providing anchoring data for thermal/flow models. Parameters such as gas path cross section, gas path length, gas path materials, fill volume size, and post path gas spreading prior to unpingement on seal material, have been investigated. Tests were accomplished using geometry similar to RSRM nozzle joint 4 with attached volumes replicating the free volume and flow friction in the actual hardware. The test hardware simulated 8 inches of the full-scale circumference. Testing has pointed to changes required in model boundary condition assumptions and gas dynamics corrections for gas paths of this size and geometry. Areas ,where this date has provided improvement in analysis models will be covered as well as model inadequacies that require separate specialized efforts. Questions remaining after this testing and a possible direction for future testing will be suggested.
Photoconductive characterization of Zn<i>x</i>Cd1−<i>x</i>Te (0≤<i>x</i>≤0.25) single crystal alloys (1990)

Large grain polycrystalline and single crystals of ZnxCd1−xTe grown by a modified Bridgman method were studied using the photoluminescence and photoconductivity techniques. The temperature dependence of the band gap, as determined by photoluminescence, follows the Varshni equation for measuring temperature in the range of 15–290 K. One of the fitted parameters, the Debye temperature, monotonically decreases with the increase of the atomic zinc concentrations. A a close correlation between the photoluminescence and photoconductivity measurements is also found. Samples in which the photoluminescence spectra exhibit emission bands associated to cadmium vacancies and other structural defects, show a photoresponse curve which includes, in addition to the intrinsic band, another broad band at lower energies. Using the ionization energies of the defect related bands in the photoluminescence spectra we have identified the second band in the photoresponse curve due to the photoexcitation of trapped carriers at levels related with the structural defects.
MEMS-based Temperature Control Systems for DNA Amplification (2002)

Article MEMS-based Temperature Control Systems for DNA Amplification was published on December 1, 2002 in the journal International Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Numerical Simulation (volume 3, issue 3-4).
Low energy electron diffraction. LEED-Auger thin-layer electrochemical studies of the underpotential deposition of lead onto gold single crystals (1979)

The underpotential deposition of lead onto very clean and well-ordered single crystal Au samples was studied with linear sweep voltammetry. The single crystal surfaces examined were (100), (110), (111) and (410). The (410) surface is a stepped surface with terraces of (100) orientation four atomic rows in width separated by steps of (100) orientation of monatomic height. The crystals were prepared in an ultra-high vacuum environment (equivalent to 10 to the minus 11th power Torr) by alternate cycles of argon-ion sputtering and annealing until the surfaces were clean within the limits of AES (Auger Electron Spectroscopy). (Author)
Sensitivity of Bragg grating imprinted in a three-mode elliptical core fiber to temperature and to strain (2004)

Sensing characteristics of Bragg grating imprinted in a three-mode elliptical core fiber were investigated in details. The grating sensitivities to temperature and to strain were measured for each polarization and spatial mode. The experimental results show that the grating sensitivity to temperature and strain is almost identical for all modes. We also modeled the sensitivity of the host elliptical core fiber to these two parameters. We noticed relatively good agreement between the sensitivities of the grating determined in our experiment and the calculated sensitivities of the host fiber for respective modes.
Multi-Dimensional Beamforming for Adaptive MIMO Systems (2009)

A novel scheme called multi-dimensional beamforming is proposed for adaptive MIMO systems, which can achieve higher capacity than eigen-beamforming when more feedback bandwidth is available. Theoretical analysis and numerical results show that multi-dimensional beamforming improves capacity as compared to eigen-beamforming at relatively high signal-to-noise ratio. By extension of the existing beamforming scheme to multi-dimension, we are able to concatenate the scheme with space-time codes. Simulation results are also provided to evaluate the concatenated schemes with linear space-time codes at various data rates in terms of bit error rate.
Differential <i>Frankia </i>protein patterns induced by phenolic extracts from Myricaceae seeds (2007)

Two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to identify differentially displayed proteins expressed during the early symbiotic interactions between the bacterium Frankia and actinorhizal plants. Myricaceae, the most primitive actinorhizal family, was used as an experimental model to study specificity mechanisms because it includes species with either narrow or large specificity. Seed phenolic extracts from two Myricaceae species, Myrica gale , a narrow specificity host and Morella cerifera considered as a promiscuous host, were used to induce three Frankia strains ACN14a, M16467 and Ea112. The global protein pattern was altered by exposure to the plant extracts. The addition of 30 mg l −1 of seed phenolic extracts provoked the inhibition of many protein biosynthesis whereas 1 and 10 mg l −1 induced a global reprogramming of Frankia protein pattern. Changes in intensity of 115 spots in response to seed extracts were detected and analyzed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. Fifty proteins were efficiently identified with Frankia protein data banks deduced from the sequences of Frankia strains ACN14a and EaN1pec genomes. Differential proteins were involved in different metabolism pathways such as glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, transcription, fatty acids, carbohydrates, coenzymes and purines metabolisms. Chaperones biosynthesis and iron transport regulation, essential for nitrogen fixation, seem to be strain dependant. Several proteins possibly involved in the regulation of nodulation were also differentially expressed. The most obvious response was the upregulation of oxidative stress proteins such as FeSOD and Tellurium resistance proteins, suggesting a reorganization of Frankia metabolism to protect against host plant defense.
InGaN quantum wells with improved photoluminescence properties through strain-controlled modification of the InGaN underlayer (2019)

Abstract The effect of internal strain on the luminescence properties of an InGaN single quantum well (SQW) was investigated as a function of modification via an underlayer (UL). Single In 0.25 Ga 0.75 N QWs ( λ = 520 nm) 3 nm thick were grown on various ULs on a sapphire substrate, where the two UL types included (1) a buffer layer onto which an InGaN layer with a very small amount of In was inserted and (2) a buffer layer grown using different carrier gases. The SQWs were then analyzed by temperature-dependent time-resolved photoluminescence, scanning electron microscopy and cathodoluminescence. The experimental results show that the density of non-radiative recombination centers and the level of potential fluctuation in the SQWs decrease with insertion of an In x Ga 1− x N UL possessing a quite low but sufficient indium content ( x = 0.007). The density of non-radiative recombination centers in the SQW on the H 2 carrier-grown UL, however, is large.
Prostaglandin-induced preservation of the ischemic myocardium. (1978)

The effectiveness of prostaglandin (PG) E,, E 2 , and F 2a in altering responses to acute myocardial ischemia was studied in anesthetized, open-chest cats.Following coronary artery occlusion to induce myocardial ischemia (MI) or sham operation (sham MI), a PG (or its appropriate vehicle) was infused at 1 /*g/kg per minute for the 5-hour experimental period.Arterial blood pressure dropped significantly during PG infusion, whereas heart rate decreased only slightly.A pressure-rate index was significantly reduced in ischemic cats infused with either PGE, or PGE 2 .These two groups also failed to show large elevations in S-T segment which were usually observed in ischemic cats receiving PGF 2a or 0.9% NaCI.Arterial blood samples (i.e., at 5 hours) showed significantly increased plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK) specific activities in MI cats receiving PGF 2a or NaCI, whereas PGE, and PGE, infusions prevented significant elevations in plasma CPK during ischemia.Myocardial tissue samples from ischemic cats receiving either PGF 2a or NaCI showed significantly reduced tissue CPK in ischemic myocardial tissue.However, PGE, or PGE 2 prevented decreases in myocardial CPK activity.Infusion of either Etype PG was further shown to prevent labilization of myocardial lysosomes in ischemic tissue, without significantly altering free amino-nitrogen concentrations in ischemic tissue.Thus, infusion of E-type prostaglandins significantly improved the hemodynamic status and moderated the leakage of enzymes from ischemic myocardial tissue in the cat.These prostaglandins may protect ischemic myocardial tissue by reducing cardiac oxygen demand and stabilizing cardiac lysosomal membranes.
Evaluating Thermographic Phosphors in an Operating Turbine Engine (1991)

The results of a field test in a commercial turbine engine showed that we can remotely measure the temperature of engine components in operating engines using thermographic phosphors. The remote-measurement method exploits the temperature dependence of the characteristic decay time of the laser-induced fluorescence of thermographic phosphors. This paper summarizes recent work leading up to and including a successful test of the thermographic-phosphor method in an operating turbine engine.
Nucleoside 4',5'-enol acetates. Synthesis and chemistry of a unique uridine O2,4'-anhydronucleoside (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNucleoside 4',5'-enol acetates. Synthesis and chemistry of a unique uridine O2,4'-anhydronucleosideSteven L. Cook and John A. Secrist IIICite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 6, 1554–1564Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00500a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00500a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views491Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Isotopic Fractionation of Carbon and Nitrogen During the Illicit Processing of Cocaine and Heroin in South America (2005)

The forensic application of stable isotope analysis to cocaine and heroin for geolocation of exhibits must take into account the possible enrichment and/or depletion of 13C and 15N during the illicit manufacturing process. Continuous-flow elemental analysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometry was utilized to measure changes in the stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen for both cocaine (N = 92) and heroin/morphine (N = 81) exhibits derived from illicit manufacturing processes utilized by South American clandestine chemists. In controlled settings in South America, there was no siginficiant carbon isotope fractionation during the conversion of cocaine base to cocaine HCI using current illict methodologies. In contrast, nitrogen isotope fractionation for this conversion was 1 per thousand. There was a kinetic carbon isotope ratio fractionation during the acetylation of Colombian morphine to heroin and as a result heroin exhibits will almost always have more negative delta13C values than the original morphine. There was an isotopic fractionation against 15N during the acetylation of morphine base to heroin base, but this effect was not expressed since all of the heroin base was precipitated during the manufacturing process. However, the clandestine process of converting a single batch of heroin base usually involved two consecutive crops of heroin HCl and the latter crop was isotopically depleted as expected from a Rayleigh distillation process. When heroin was deacetylated to morphine, the morphine produced resulted in delta13C values that were indistinguishable from the original morphine. The kinetic carbon isotope fractionation factor for the South American process of morphine acetylation was -1.8 per thousand, allowing calculation of the delta13C values of the acetic anhydride from deacetylated heroin delta13C values.
Posterior cricoarytenoid activity in normal adults during involuntary and voluntary hyperventilation (1991)

The effect of isocapnic hypoxia and hyperoxic hypercapnia on the electrical activity of the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle was determined in eight normal adult humans by use of standard rebreathing techniques and was compared with PCA activity during voluntary hyperventilation performed under isocapnic and hypocapnic conditions. PCA activity was recorded with intramuscular hooked-wire electrodes implanted through a fiberoptic nasopharyngoscope. During quiet breathing in all subjects, the PCA was phasically active on inspiration and tonically active throughout the respiratory cycle. At comparable increments in respiratory output, hypercapnia, hypoxia, and voluntary hyperventilation appeared to be associated with similar increases in phasic or tonic PCA activity. During quiet breathing, the onset of phasic PCA activity usually occurred before inspiratory airflow and extended beyond the start of expiratory airflow. The duration of phasic PCA preactivation and postinspiratory phasic PCA activity remained unchanged during progressive hypercapnia and progressive hypoxia. The results, in combination with recent findings for vocal cord adductors, suggest that vocal cord position throughout the respiratory cycle during hyperpnea is actively controlled by simultaneously acting and antagonistic intrinsic laryngeal muscles.