gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low Distortion X-Ray Mask With W-Ti Absorber (1988)

The performance of W-Ti alloy as an x-ray mask absorber material was investigated in order to obtain a low distortion x-ray mask. The W-Ti films were deposited by sputtering the W-Ti (1wt% Ti content) target using Ar + N2 gas with a DC magnetron sputtering system. It was found that the internal stress and the density in the W-Ti films strongly depend on the gas pressure and N2 content of the Ar + N2 sputtering gas. The internal stress of W-Ti films deposited using Ar + N2 of 30% N2 content decreased with increasing gas pressure from a very large compressive stress, and became small in the region of above 2 Pa. The stress in W-Ti films deposited in this pressure region was very small (0.5-2.0 x 107 N/m2). This value is fully satisfactory for an x-ray mask absorber. The density of the low-stress W-Ti film is also satisfactory for the x-ray mask absorber. The etching properties of W-Ti film were evaluated for CF4 + 02 gas plasma. It was found that the etching rate becomes the maximum (1500 Å/min.) at the 02 content of 15-20%. In order to demonstrate the accuracy of the W-Ti x-ray mask, the full exposure mask (BN/Polyimide membrane) and the stepper mask (SiN/Polyimide membrane) were fabricated. As a result, x-ray masks with very small distortion (less than 0.1pm for 15 x 15mm field ) were obtained. It is concluded that the low distortion W-Ti mask is practical for use in submicron VLSI fabrication.
Synthesis of RIA Haptens: 3α,11α-Dihydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one 11-Hemisuccinate (1993)

5α-Pregnane-3α,11α-diol-20-one ( XVII ) was prepared by hydroxylation of 5α-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one ( XVI ) by Rhizopus nigricans and by chemical conversion of 11α-hydroxyprogesterone ( I ). The diol XVII was partially acylated with 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl hydrogen succinate and the 11α-succinate XVIII was converted to the target 11α-hemisuccinate XXI .
Comparison of Farnsworth and Lanthony D-15 Color Vision Tests to an Computerized Color Vision Cap Rearrangement Test (2006)

Exposure to crystalline silica dust causes multiple diseases, but silicosis and silica dust-associated tuberculosis (TB), in particular, are the two diseases that remain high on the list of occupational health priorities in low-income countries and that still occur in some high-income countries. The prevalence of silica-related TB is exacerbated by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in low-income countries. This review describes the morphology of silica and the variable potency of the different forms. Sources of crystalline silica are discussed, with emphasis on less commonly recognised sources, such as small-scale mining operations and agriculture. Trends in the prevalence of silicosis are also presented. Although efforts have been made for many years in most countries to reduce silica dust levels, silicosis continues to occur even in young people. The clinical and pathological features and diagnosis of silicosis, with emphasis on chest radiography, are described. The high risk of mycobacterial infection in silica-exposed individuals is given particular attention, with emphasis on control. Treatment for latent TB is recommended. The management of silicosis and silica-associated TB, including monitoring for early detection of disease and surveillance to identify disease-causing workplaces, are discussed in detail. Prevention of disease, in the form of dust control, remains the focus of the World Health Organization and International Labour Office Global Elimination of Silicosis Campaign. However, clinicians must be aware that silica-associated diseases will be around for many years to come.
Unsteady flow induced by a withdrawal point beneath a free surface (2005)

Abstract The unsteady axisymmetric withdrawal from a fluid with a free surface through a point sink is considered. Results both with and without surface tension are included and placed in context with previous work. The results indicate that there are two critical values of withdrawal rate at which the surface is drawn directly into the outlet, one after flow initiation and the other after the flow has been established. It is shown that the larger of these values corresponds to the point at which steady solutions no longer exist.
Glutathione <i>S</i>-Transferase Activity in Rhizosphere Bacteria and the Potential for Herbicide Detoxification (1994)

Glutathione S-transferase (GST; EC 2.5.1.18) activity was found in isolates of Gram-negative rhizobacteria, especially Pseudomonadaceae and Enterobacteriaceae. GST-mediated dechlorination of chlorodinitrobenzene and the herbicide alachlor and GST-mediated cleavage of the ether bond of the herbicide fluorodifen was observed for some strains. No atrazine-GST activity was found. Certain fluorescent pseudomonads can dechlorinate 75 to 100 μM alachlor in 48 to 96 h, with the cysteine conjugate as the major accumulating intermediate. Levels of alachlor-GST catabolism observed in native rhizosphere communities were lower than most Pseudomonas fluorescens strains identified in this work. Activities of γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (EC 2.3.2.2), and cysteine-β-lyase (EC 4.4.1.6 and 8) enable a rapid metabolism of glutathione-conjugates. Rhizosphere-competent bacteria selected for high GST activity and downstream catabolism may have potential as seed/soil inoculants in bioremediation/detoxification of certain herbicides or other xenobiotics.
Two-Dimensional Polymer-Based Cultures Expand Cord Blood-Derived Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Support Engraftment of NSG Mice (2012)

Currently, ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) is still insufficient. Traditional approaches for HSC expansion include the use of stromal cultures, growth factors, and/or bioreactors. Biomaterial-based strategies provide new perspectives. We focus on identifying promising two-dimensional (2D) polymer candidates for HSC expansion. After a 7-day culture period with cytokine supplementation, 2D fibrin, poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid; Resomer® RG503), and Poly(ɛ-caprolactone; PCL) substrates supported expansion of cord blood (CB)-derived CD34⁺ cells ex vivo. Fibrin cultures achieved the highest proliferation rates (>8700-fold increase of total nuclear cells, p<0.001), high total colony-forming units (3.6-fold increase, p<0.001), and highest engraftment in NSG mice (7.69-fold more donor cells compared with tissue culture polysterene, p<0.001). In addition, the presence of multiple human hematopoietic lineages such as myeloid (CD13⁺), erythroid (GypC⁺), and lymphoid (CD20⁺/CD56⁺) in murine transplant recipients confirmed the multilineage engraftment potential of fibrin-based cultures. Filopodia development in fibrin-expanded cells was a further indicator for superior cell adhesion capacities. We propose application of fibrin, Resomer® RG503, and PCL for future strategies of CB-CD34⁺ cell expansion. Suitable polymers for HSC expansion might also be appropriate for future drug discovery applications or for studies aimed to develop hematological therapies.
Experience with bearings and vibration conditions of large hydroelectric units: Waterwheel construction and governing: A study of irregularity of reaction in francis turbines (1924)

R. Treat: The device which was developed by Mr. Wilkins, appeals to me as being applicable to investigations of other similar problems. It appears to be a very simple, and it is hoped, reliable device which may be used for determining among other things, the pressures in the interior of oil circuit breakers at the time of opening the circuit and the stresses which are brought to bear upon bus insulators at times of short circuit.
Simple models for statistically multiplexed data traffic in cell relay networks (2002)

A straightforward method is presented for computing the performance of a queue with constant service rate and batch Poisson arrivals, where each batch (burst) consists of multiple cells. Closed-form formulas are derived for the queue length distribution, cell loss probability and delay distribution. The study applies to queues with both finite and infinite buffer size. We also reveal that the cell delay distribution is the same as the burst delay distribution in this queueing system. In addition, we illustrate that the formulas derived (e.g., cell loss probability) for the cell performance in a queue with batch Poisson arrivals and a constant service rate are upper bounds for the queueing performance of multiplexed on-off sources. The bounds become tight when the ratio of the queue service rate and on-off source peak rate is small.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Exploratory Characterization of Cotton Cellulose Modified with Tris (2-chloroethyl)phosphoramide (1970)

Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphoramide prepared from ethylenimine and phosphorus oxychloride was reacted with cotton cellulose in the form of print cloth by a pad-dry-cure process involving a base such as sodium carbonate. Relatively low levels of reaction were achieved with this reagent (less than 10% add-on). Conditioned wrinkle recovery angles of the fabric and structural features of the cross links and reagent residues in the cotton cellulose modified with tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphoramide are compared with those of cotton cellulose modified with tris(1-aziridinyl)phosphine oxide.
The Stress-Response Factor SigH Modulates the Interaction between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Host Phagocytes (2012)

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis stress response factor SigH plays a crucial role in modulating the pathogen's response to heat, oxidative-stress, envelope damage and hypoxia. We hypothesized that the lack of this key stress response factor would alter the interaction between the pathogen and its host cells. We compared the interaction of Mtb, Mtb:Δ-sigH and a strain where the mutation had been genetically complemented (Mtb: Δ-sigH:CO) with primary rhesus macaque bone marrow derived macrophages (Rh-BMDMs). The expression of numerous inducible and homeostatic (CCL) β-chemokines and several apoptotic markers was induced to higher levels in the cells infected with Mtb:Δ-sigH, relative to Mtb or the complemented strain. The differential expression of these genes manifested into functional differences in chemotaxis and apoptosis in cells infected with these two strains. The mutant strain also exhibited reduced late-stage survival in Rh-BMDMs. We hypothesize that the product of one or more SigH-dependent genes may modulate the innate interaction of Mtb with host cells, effectively reducing the chemokine-mediated recruitment of immune effector cells, apoptosis of infected monocytes and enhancing the long-term survival and replication of the pathogen in this milieu The significantly higher induction of Prostaglandin Synthetase 2 (PTGS2 or COX2) in Rh-BMDMs infected with Mtb relative to Mtb: Δ-sigH may explain reduced apoptosis in Mtb-infected cells, as PTGS2 is known to inhibit p53-dependent apoptosis.The SigH-regulon modulates the innate interaction of Mtb with host phagocytes, perhaps as part of a strategy to limit its clearance and prolong its survival. The SigH regulon appears to be required to modulate innate immune responses directed against Mtb.
A possible role for inflammation in mediating apoptosis of oligodendrocytes as induced by the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi (2012)

This finding supports our hypothesis that the inflammatory response elicited by the Lyme disease spirochete in glial cells contributes to neural cell damage. As oligodendrocytes are vital for the functioning and survival of neurons, the inflammation and subsequent apoptosis of oligodendrocytes induced by B. burgdorferi could contribute to the pathogenesis of Lyme neuroborreliosis.
ChemInform Abstract: WISANINE AND OTHER AMIDES OF 5‐(2‐METHOXY‐4,5‐METHYLENEDIOXYPHENYL)‐2,4‐PENTADIENOIC ACID. SYNTHESES, SPECTROSCOPIC EXAMINATION, AND TESTING FOR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY (1978)

Abstract Bei der Kondensation des Aldehyds (I) mit 4‐(Diethylphosphono)‐ crotonsäuremethylester entsteht ein Gemisch der isomeren Ester (II) (E,E‐Form) und (III) (E,Z‐Form).
Synthesis of Erythrinadienone by Phenol Oxidation of Bisphenethylamine (Studies on the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds. CDXLV) (1971)

Phenolic oxidative coupling of N-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenethyl)-3-hydroxy-2, 4-dimethoxyphenethylamine (III) with alkaline potassium ferricyanide in two-phase system (water-chloroform) was investigated. Cyclization of III proceeded preferentially to give the erythrinadienone (IV).
‘Peripheral’ Benzodiazepine Receptor Ligands Stimulate Prolactin Release in the Rat (1990)

Abstract High concentrations of 'peripheral' benzodiazepine binding sites have been described in the pituitary gland and in several other endocrine glands, such as the adrenal glands and the testes. The role played by these receptors on the regulation of the endocrine system is largely unknown. In this study, we report the effects of two ligands of the 'peripheral' benzodiazepine receptor, Ro5-4864 and PK 11195, on prolactin (PRL) release in the adult male rat. Ro5-4864 stimulated PRL release with half maximal and maximal stimulatory doses of about 0.6 and 1.2 mg/kg, respectively. Pretreatment with the 'peripheral' benzodiazepine receptor antagonist PK 11195 did not have any effect on Ro5-4864-induced PRL release. Accordingly, PK 11195, given alone, stimulated PRL release in a dose-dependent fashion. To examine whether the stimulatory effect of Ro5-4864 and PK 11195 on PRL release was due to a direct effect of these compounds at the pituitary gland, we used primary cultures of anterior pituicytes. Neither Ro5-4864 nor PK 11195 had an effect on basal PRL release nor were these agents capable of modulating thyrotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated or dopamine-inhibited PRL release. These findings suggest that administration of agents that interact with the 'peripheral' benzodiazepine binding receptor cause PRL release without directly stimulating the pituitary gland. We speculate that Ro5-4864 and PK 11195 increase plasma PRL levels by modulating brain release of neurotransmitters and/or neuropeptides involved in the regulation of PRL release.
CONTINUOUS VENOVENOUS HEMOFILTRATION WITH DIALYSIS IN COMBINATION WITH TOTAL HEPATECTOMY AND PORTOCAVAL SHUNTING (1996)

Children who experience acute liver failure following liver transplantation will have multiple organ failure and a high rate of mortality unless emergency retransplantation can be performed. Transplant hepatectomy with portocaval shunting has been described as a bridge to transplantation in the most severe cases, as well as in patients with fulminant hepatic failure at high risk for mortality who have not undergone liver transplantation. Patients with multiple organ failure who have undergone hepatectomy require renal replacement therapy. Continuous hemofiltration may be used in patients with fulminant hepatic failure to facilitate fluid removal and circulatory and metabolic balance. We used continuous venovenous hemofiltration with dialysis following hepatectomy with portocaval shunting in a patient who remained anhepatic for 66 hr in order to achieve circulatory and metabolic homeostasis as well as stable neurologic function prior to successful retransplantation.
Milk production efficiency improvement in buffaloes through the use of slow ammonia release and protected protein supplement (2007)

To study the effect of feeding Slow Ammonia Release and Protected Protein supplement (SARPP) on blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and urinary levels of allantoins as well as on quantity and quality of milk, a feeding trial was conducted on 24 lactating buffaloes. Animals were divided into three similar groups, fed on standard basal ration. Animals in group-I were fed 1.0 kg untreated rapeseed meal containing 50 g untreated urea, animals in group II were fed 1.0 kg treated rapeseed meal containing 50 g untreated urea and animals in group III were fed 1.0 kg treated rapeseed meal containing 50 g treated urea (SARPP supplement), in place of one kg compound cattle feed. Levels of BUN and allantoins in urine were 10.33, 10.48 & 9.64 (P<0.05) mg/dl and 2.35, 3.03 & 5.23 (P<0.01) mmol/litre in groups I, II and III, respectively. Daily average milk yield was 6.46, 7.42 (P<0.05) and 7.70 (P<0.01) kg in groups I, II and III, respectively. Average fat and protein % were 6.64 & 3.41, 6.81 (P<0.05) & 3.53 and 6.95 (P<0.05) & 3.57 in groups I, II and III, respectively. On feeding SARPP supplement, crop residues and dietary proteins could be utilized in a more efficient manner in buffaloes.
Frameless Stereotactic Systems: General Considerations (2003)

Neurosurgeons continuously strive to improve the safety and effectiveness of their interventions. Stereotactic neurosurgery uses imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to serve as spatial guides for the surgeon. These spatial guides provide patient-speciﬁc anatomical roadmaps which, although not a replacement for knowledge of neuroanatomy, aid the surgeon in successfully treating the patient.
Array design for automotive digital beamforming radar system (2005)

In this paper, a digital beamforming radar system for automotive short range radar system is presented. It takes advantage of multiple transmitters for increasing the angular resolution. The main focus of this paper is on the optimization of the array configuration to obtain a system for integration into vehicles. A digital beamforming simulator shows the comparison of different configurations.
Zinc bioavailability in feed-grade sources of zinc. (1990)

Chick bioassays were used to assess bioavailability of zinc (Zn) from inorganic Zn sources. A soy isolate-dextrose diet containing 13 mg Zn/kg diet was supplemented with feed-grade sources of ZnSO4.H2O (ZnSO4) or ZnO and fed for 2 wk after a 7-d Zn-depletion protest period. Bioavailability of Zn in ZnO relative to ZnSO4 (set at 100%) was determined by multiple regression slope-ratio methodology, using both growth and tibia Zn accumulation in chicks fed graded levels of ZnO and ZnSO4. Linear responses for gain and tibia Zn occurred at dietary Zn levels (ZnSO4.7H2O) between 13 mg/kg (basal) and 33 mg/kg (gain) or 53 mg/kg (total tibia Zn). Therefore, two bioavailability assays were conducted using supplemental Zn levels of 0, 7.5 and 15 mg/kg from each Zn source. When weight gain was regressed on supplemental Zn intake, bioavailability of Zn in ZnO was only 61.2% (P less than .01) that of ZnSO4. When total tibia Zn was regressed on supplemental Zn intake, bioavailability of Zn compared with ZnSO4 (set at 100.0%) was 44.1% (P less than .001) for ZnO. With chicks fed soy-based diets, bioavailability of Zn from ZnO was less than that of ZnSO4.
Angular Correlation Effects in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>V</mml:mi></mml:math>-Particle Decay (1955)

In decay processes of the types: hyperon\ensuremath{\rightarrow}nucleon+pion; or $K$-meson\ensuremath{\rightarrow}pion+pion, the most general distribution function in $\ensuremath{\eta}$---the angle between the decay plane normal and a reference direction N normal to the line of flight of the unstable particle---has the form of a finite Fourier series. The degree of the highest harmonic is simply related to the spin of the unstable particle. The coefficients in the series depend on the state of polarization of the spin with respect to the reference direction N. It is possible however to set upper limits on the coefficients; this may prove useful in any attempt to analyze angular correlation data, particularly in the case of hyperon decay. The upper limits for various low spin values are computed, and other consequences of the angular momentum and parity conservation laws are discussed.
Minnesota Agricultural Economist No. 617 (1980)

"Japan's Food and Agricultural Policy" and "USSR Agriculture and Agricultural Policy"
Visible-Light-Controlled Living Radical Polymerization from a Trithiocarbonate Iniferter Mediated by an Organic Photoredox Catalyst (2015)

Living radical polymerization of acrylates and acrylamides from trithiocarbonate iniferters using a compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) bulb and 10-phenylphenothiazine as an organic photoredox catalyst is reported. With this system, chain growth can be efficiently switched between "on" and "off" in response to visible light. Polymer molar masses increase linearly with conversion, and narrow molar mass distributions are obtained. The excellent fidelity of the trithiocarbonate-iniferter enables the preparation of triblock copolymers from macro-iniferters under the same visible-light mediated protocol, using UV light without a photoredox catalyst or under traditional thermally induced RAFT conditions. We expect that the simplicity and efficiency of this metal-free, visible-light-mediated polymerization will enable the synthesis and modification of a range of materials under mild conditions.
An approach to anticontrol of chaos for a discrete-time TS fuzzy system (2002)

An approach is proposed for making a given stable Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy system chaotic by using state feedback control of arbitrarily small magnitude. The feedback controller chosen among several candidates is a simple sinusoidal function of the system states, which can lead to uniformly bounded state vectors of the controlled system with positive Lyapunov exponents, and satisfy the chaotic mechanisms of stretching and folding, thereby yielding chaotic dynamics. This approach is mathematically proven for the rigorous generation of chaos from a stable TS fuzzy system, where the chaos is in the sense of Li and Yorke. A numerical example is included to visualize the theoretical analysis and the controller design.
Leech antihemostatic proteins share the T-knot scaffold, a disulfide-reinforced structural motif. (1998)

The occurrence of similar topologies among unrelated proteins is an emerging theme in structural biology. Here we report that the T-knot scaffold, a disulfide-reinforced structural motif shared by knottins and EGF-like proteins, is also present in leech antihemostatic proteins. Our finding emphasizes the versatile nature of this small structural motif, representing a compact structural unit suitable for the diverse biological functions performed by knottins, EGF-like proteins and leech antihemostatic proteins.
Compression of Intense Laser Pulse through Filamentation in an Argon-Filled Cell (2006)

We demonstrate a pulse compression technique through filamentation in an argon-filled cell. By using a pair of chirped mirrors for dispersion compensation, we have successfully compressed the 53 fs pulse to 15 fs with good spatial qualities and good pulse stability. The total transmitted efficiency is more than 75%. The influence of the experiment parameters to the compressed pulses is also studied experimentally.
One-Pot Synthesis of 5-Arylpent-4-enoate Derivatives from Baylis-Hillman Acetates: Use of Phosphorous Ylide (2003)

Basavaiah et al. have published some papers dealing with the Johnson-Claisen rearrangement of the Baylis-Hillman adducts in order to prepare 5-arylpent-4-enoates or 4cyanoalk-4-enoates.1 Shen et al. have also reported the synthesis of the latter compounds by using the sequential Michael reaction and Horner-Wadworth-Emmons (HWE) reaction of phosphonates.2 Recently, we have also reported the synthesis of 5-arylpent-4-enoates from the Baylis-Hillman acetates.3 The reaction was carried out via the tandem SN2' reaction of diethyl malonate and subsequent decarbethoxylation process. However, the decarbethoxyl ation step required long reaction time (2-6 days) and high temperature (xylene, reflux).3,4 Thus, mild reaction condi tions were needed.