gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitation of <i>Candida albicans</i> Ergosterol Content Improves the Correlation between In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility Test Results and In Vivo Outcome after Fluconazole Treatment in a Murine Model of Invasive Candidiasis (2000)

MIC end point determination for the most commonly prescribed azole antifungal drug, fluconazole, can be complicated by "trailing" growth of the organism during susceptibility testing by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards approved M27-A broth macrodilution method and its modified broth microdilution format. To address this problem, we previously developed the sterol quantitation method (SQM) for in vitro determination of fluconazole susceptibility, which measures cellular ergosterol content rather than growth inhibition after exposure to fluconazole. To determine if SQM MICs of fluconazole correlated better with in vivo outcome than M27-A MICs, we used a murine model of invasive candidiasis and analyzed the capacity of fluconazole to treat infections caused by C. albicans isolates which were trailers (M27-A MICs at 24 and 48 h, </=1.0 and >/=64 microg/ml, respectively; SQM MIC, </=1.0 microg/ml), as well as those which were fluconazole sensitive (M27-A and SQM MIC, </=1.0 microg/ml) and fluconazole resistant (M27-A MIC, >/=64 microg/ml; SQM MIC, 54 microg/ml). Compared with the untreated controls, fluconazole therapy increased the survival of mice infected with a sensitive isolate and both trailing isolates but did not increase the survival of mice infected with a resistant isolate. These results indicate that the SQM is more predictive of in vivo outcome than the M27-A method for isolates that give unclear MIC end points due to trailing growth in fluconazole.
Structural analysis of a glycoside hydrolase family 43 arabinoxylan arabinofuranohydrolase in complex with xylotetraose reveals a different binding mechanism compared with other members of the same family (2008)

AXHs (arabinoxylan arabinofuranohydrolases) are alpha-L-arabinofuranosidases that specifically hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between arabinofuranosyl substituents and xylopyranosyl backbone residues of arabinoxylan. Bacillus subtilis was recently shown to produce an AXH that cleaves arabinose units from O-2- or O-3-mono-substituted xylose residues: BsAXH-m2,3 (B. subtilis AXH-m2,3). Crystallographic analysis reveals a two-domain structure for this enzyme: a catalytic domain displaying a five-bladed beta-propeller fold characteristic of GH (glycoside hydrolase) family 43 and a CBM (carbohydrate-binding module) with a beta-sandwich fold belonging to CBM family 6. Binding of substrate to BsAXH-m2,3 is largely based on hydrophobic stacking interactions, which probably allow the positional flexibility needed to hydrolyse both arabinose substituents at the O-2 or O-3 position of the xylose unit. Superposition of the BsAXH-m2,3 structure with known structures of the GH family 43 exo-acting enzymes, beta-xylosidase and alpha-L-arabinanase, each in complex with their substrate, reveals a different orientation of the sugar backbone.
An in vivo analysis of the effect of transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the quadriceps and hamstrings on anterior cruciate ligament deformation (1988)

Transcutaneous electrical muscle stimulation (TEMS) has been advocated as a method to rehabilitate the postoperative ACL repaired/reconstructed lower extremity. Isolated quadriceps contraction can potentially disrupt the ACL repair/reconstruction; to minimize this risk simultaneous quadriceps and hamstring stimulation has been used. This study measured the in vivo deformation of the ACL during TEMS of the quadriceps and hamstrings. Six legs in four Rhesus monkeys were immobilized in 0 degrees, 45 degrees, and 90 degrees of flexion in neutral rotation using a Hoffman frame and pins placed through the proximal femur and distal tibia. The hamstrings and quadriceps muscles were stimulated with a dual channel electrical stimulator individually and simultaneously at each point of flexion, and ACL deformation was measured using a Hall effect device placed on the anterior medial fibers of the ACL. The following conclusions were made: 1) Isolated quadriceps contraction produces ACL elongation at 0 degrees and 45 degrees of knee flexion and produces ACL shortening at 90 degrees of knee flexion. 2) Isolated hamstrings contraction produces ACL shortening at 45 degrees and 90 degrees of knee flexion and negligible effects at full knee extension. 3) It is not possible to simultaneously contract the quadriceps and hamstrings using separate stimulator pads for each muscle group. 4) At 45 degrees of knee flexion when the quadriceps muscles are stimulated before the hamstring muscles and simultaneous contraction of both is then sustained, ACL lengthening occurs. 5) When the hamstring muscles are fired before the quadriceps muscles and simultaneous contraction of both is sustained, ACL shortening occurs.
An elastic hinge model for dynamics of stiff chains. III. Viscoelastic and Kerr-effect behavior of bent molecules (1984)

The behavior of linear bent macromolecules with some flexibility is considered. The ‘‘trumbell’’ model with a restoring force at the hinge is extended by shifting the minimum energy configuration of the spring to an arbitrary bend angle Δ. The results show three main contributions: (1) the slowest relaxation λ1 corresponds to nearly pure end-over-end rotation. (2) the next relaxation λ2 is associated with the fastest rotational mode of the model, (3) the fastest relaxation λ3 is a mixed bend-rotation proportional to the relative force constant Z of the spring. The two rotational modes dominate the Kerr-effect behavior of the model while the fast bending-related mode becomes dominant at high frequencies in the viscoelastic behavior of the model.
Ocular complications in patients with lung transplants (2010)

Many ocular conditions can occur in patients with lung transplants. Ocular infectious complications were uncommon but may be associated with increased mortality.
Predicting the Success of Limited Exploration for Primary Hyperparathyroidism Using Ultrasound, Sestamibi, and Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone (2008)

This is the largest study to evaluate the prevalence of additional parathyroid pathology in patients who are candidates for LE. Limitations in localizing studies and IOPTH fail to identify MGD in at least 16% of patients, risking future recurrence.
Reflections: Conservation of Plant–Pollinator Mutualisms (2011)

The conservation of plant–pollinator interactions is important to preserve the mutualism that provides much of the food that humans consume. This interaction is at risk due to factors including climate change, which may shift differentially the phenology of events like flowering and emergence of bee-introduced diseases and parasites that are detrimental to pollinators, and other environmental changes. Our understanding of the conse quences of these threats is limited by our lack of knowledge of the distribution and abundance of pollinator populations, but both honey bees and bumble bees have declined in recent years. Data collection by both scientists and citizen-scientists is helping to solve this problem, for both urban and field studies.
ON SCIENCE, ECONOMICS AND EDUCATION (2007)

In their public statements, politicians and leaders of most developed countries espouse the doctrine that the growth of their respective economies is highly dependent on innovations resulting from scientific research and development. Many countries support science directly or indirectly using a variety of subsidies, grants, contracts, or other financial mechanisms. But, the lion's share of support for research and development is usually provided by industry. The statistic often quoted is the percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) spent on research and development (R&D) in science and technology. This number is generally between 0.5 and 2.5% for the developed countries, and for most of these countries the percentage expenditure has remained relatively constant or perhaps increased slightly over the last decade. An anomaly occurred in the US during the early 1960's when R&D spending spiked upward as a result of the launch of Sputnik in 1957. Well-trained scientists and engineers are needed to carry out R&D; therefore the production of new scientists is clearly at the heart of the progress that is made in research. Again, many countries expend a small, but in some cases increasing, percentage of their GDP to support education in science and mathematics. It has been noted that US students have lagged behind their counterparts in a number of countries when the metric is mathematics and science scores of early grade students. Also of concern is the fact that number of PhD degrees granted by the US universities in physics has been relatively constant for several years and significantly lower that the number a decade ago. The US has discussed this problem often, and a new study by the National Academies(1) observes that maintaining competitiveness on the international economic stage will require a capable scientific workforce to develop innovations leading to patents and intellectual property. This study cites the inadequacies in the US systems of science and education and recommends strongly that both be strengthened through investment of increased funding.
Production and characterization of metallofullerene superatoms (1994)

Lanthanum metallofullerenes, with the La atoms presumably located inside the carbon cages, were produced using the laser vaporization method with optimum parameters, and concentrated using vacuum sublimation. The obtained material was analyzed using Fourier transform mass spectrometry. The electron affinities of LaC{sub n} (n = 60, 70 {minus} 84) were determined, using the charge-transfer bracketing technique, to be in a range between 2.7 {plus_minus} 0.2 and 3.3 {plus_minus} 0.3 eV. The ionization potentials of these metallofullerenes were measured to be less than 6.2 eV.
Transgenic Expression of Dominant-Active IDOL in Liver Causes Diet-Induced Hypercholesterolemia and Atherosclerosis in Mice (2014)

Liver-specific expression of dominant-active IDOL is associated with hypercholesterolemia and a marked elevation in atherosclerotic lesions. Our results show that increased activity of the IDOL pathway in the liver can override other low-density lipoprotein receptor regulatory pathways leading to cardiovascular disease. L-sIDOL mice are a robust, dominantly inherited, diet-inducible model for the study of atherosclerosis.
A NEW ALKYLATION OF CARBONYL COMPOUNDS. II<sup>1</sup> (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA NEW ALKYLATION OF CARBONYL COMPOUNDS. II1Gilbert Stork and Hans K. LandesmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 19, 5128–5129Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01600a087https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01600a087research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1253Altmetric-Citations106LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Differential Pressure Response of 25-mm-Diameter Glass Fiber Filters Challenged with Coal and Limestone Dust Mixtures (2002)

This article summarizes results of research conducted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) at its Pittsburgh Research Laboratory. The objective of this work was to determine the correlation between the mass (M) of respirable coal and limestone dusts collected on 25-mm-diameter glass fiber filters mounted in cassettes and the increase in differential pressure (deltaP) that develops across the filters when drawing at constant air flow. Test aerosols were generated inside a laboratory dust chamber using various coal dusts, limestone dust, and mixes of the two. Dusts with different particle size distributions were deposited on the filters by sampling from the chamber through cyclone preclassifiers at different flow rates. Results show that the relationship between differential pressure increase (cm water) and dust mass (mg) is linear and can be approximated by the equation deltaP = KM. The K values (slopes) range from 1.14 to 1.64, depending on the parent coal of the samples. The influence of particle size distribution was also found. The overall K value for all the data summarized in this article is 1.35, with R2 = 0.84 for the summary equation. When calibrated for individual work sites, or other circumstances where great variability in dust characteristics is avoided, the relationship between collected dust mass and increase in differential pressure may provide an exploitable principle for measurement of respirable dust concentrations.
<title>Neural network for defect classification in industrial inspection</title> (1995)

In this paper a neural network to perform surface defects detection in process control and automated inspection is described. Since a lot ofmaterials and defects to be inspected are rich in textural information, we propose to perform automated inspection using a texture classifier. In particular, in this work, we will ' deal with oriented textures, that are characterized by a dominant local orientation everywhere, varying locally and without a primitive element. We analyze an oriented texture image by representing it in a vector space: to each point (,y)is associated a 2D vector with the direction recovered from the dominant local orientation and the module proportional to the coherence (the degree of anisotropy of the vector image). The vector field is analyzed by projecting it on a set of linearly dependent vectors, which may or may not completely span the vector space: we find the optimal projections onto each one by satisfying global optimization criteria using a least-square-error technique implemented on an adaptive neural network. The coefficients of the projection in the basis vector are the texture parameters by means of which the texture classification is performed. Keywords: industrial inspection, oriented texture analysis, orientation field, vector space, parameter space, neural network.
A Kinetic Study of High Polymerization of Ethylene with Titanium Phosphate-AlEt3 Catalyst (1963)

チタンリン酸塩-トリエチルアルミニウム系触媒によるエチレン高重合反応における反応諸条件と重合速度の関係を速度論的に研究した。その結果,重合反応速度はエチレンの圧力の1乗に比例し,活性種生成に必要なトリエチルアルミニウム量は,チタンリン酸1gあたり極めて少量でよく,過剰のトリエチルアルミニウムは重合速度に影響しないことが明らかとなった。このことから活性点生成過程の平衡定数はかなり大きいものと推論される。重合速度はチタンリン酸塩のほぼ0.6乗に比例して増大するが,これは触媒粒子間に相互作用がおこり,触媒の活性度が減少することによるものと考えられる。また,重合速度は反応時間の経過とともに減少すゐ。これは生成する重合体が系内に蓄積し,液相内の単量体の拡散が影響することに原因があるものと考えられる。またこの触媒は約100℃ 付近まで安定であるが,それ以上の温度では熱により次第に失活することが明らかとなった。なお,この重合反応の全活性化熱は約6.7kcal/molであった。
BIOSYNTHESIS OF LIMULUS POLYPHEMUS HAEMOCYANIN (1981)

Conference Abstract| April 01 1981 BIOSYNTHESIS OF LIMULUS POLYPHEMUS HAEMOCYANIN E. J. Wood; E. J. Wood *Department of Biochemistry, University of Leeds, 9 Hyde Terrace, Leeds LS2 9LS, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar A. G. Russell; A. G. Russell *Department of Biochemistry, University of Leeds, 9 Hyde Terrace, Leeds LS2 9LS, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J. Bonaventura J. Bonaventura *Department of Biochemistry, University of Leeds, 9 Hyde Terrace, Leeds LS2 9LS, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1981) 9 (2): 317P. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst009317p Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation E. J. Wood, A. G. Russell, J. Bonaventura; BIOSYNTHESIS OF LIMULUS POLYPHEMUS HAEMOCYANIN. Biochem Soc Trans 1 April 1981; 9 (2): 317P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst009317p Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1981 Biochemical Society1981 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Histopathological Study of Sauropus androgynus-Associated Constrictive Bronchiolitis Obliterans (1997)

The development of constrictive bronchiolitis obliterans in patients who have ingested Sauropus androgynus juice has not been previously reported. We describe four patients with S. androgynus-associated constrictive bronchiolitis obliterans who underwent open lung biopsies for histopathological analysis. This article aims to recognize the possible pathogenesis of the disease. The spectrum of histologic changes ranged from slight bronchiolar inflammation and fibrosis to marked submucosal fibrosis causing complete cicatricial obliteration of the lumen. A dense eosinophil infiltrate was noted in the bronchiolar submucosa or fibrotic tissue of the completely obliterated bronchioles in two patients. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that lymphocytic infiltrate consisted mainly of T lymphocytes in all patients. Immunofluorescent stains for immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgA, IgM, C1q, C3, and C4 were negative. Electron microscopy disclosed no immune complex deposition in the specimens examined. Although the role of antibody- and complement-mediated reaction is not supported by the negative results of immunofluorescent and electron microscopic studies, the common finding of the predominant T-lymphocytic infiltrate suggests that a T-cell mediated immune response is involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Furthermore, the finding of a heavy lymphocytic infiltrate in many bronchioles without significant collagen deposition suggests that the lymphocytic infiltrate may precede the tissue fibrosis. In addition, the presence of a dense eosinophil infiltrate may combine with lymphocytes and other immunologic and mesenchymal cells to promote antigen-specific stimulation of lymphocytes and induction of fibrosis.
Identification of the anti-inflammatory protein tristetraprolin as a hyperphosphorylated protein by mass spectrometry and site-directed mutagenesis (2006)

Tristetraprolin (TTP) is a zinc-finger protein that binds to AREs (AU-rich elements) within certain mRNAs and causes destabilization of those mRNAs. Mice deficient in TTP develop a profound inflammatory syndrome with erosive arthritis, autoimmunity and myeloid hyperplasia. Previous studies showed that TTP is phosphorylated extensively in intact cells. However, limited information is available about the identities of these phosphorylation sites. We investigated the phosphorylation sites in human TTP from transfected HEK-293 cells by MS and site-directed mutagenesis. A number of phosphorylation sites including Ser66, Ser88, Thr92, Ser169, Ser186, Ser197, Ser218, Ser228, Ser276 and Ser296 were identified by MS analyses using MALDI (matrix-assisted laser-desorption-ionization)-MS, MALDI-tandem MS, LC (liquid chromatography)-tandem MS and multidimensional protein identification technology. Mutations of Ser197, Ser218 and Ser228 to alanine in the human protein significantly increased TTP's gel mobility (likely to be stoichiometric), whereas mutations at the other sites had little effect on its gel mobility. Dephosphorylation and in vivo labelling studies showed that mutant proteins containing multiple mutations were still phosphorylated, and all were able to bind to RNA probes containing AREs. Confocal microscopy showed a similar cytosolic localization of TTP among the various proteins. Ser197, Ser218 and Ser228 are predicted by motif scanning to be potential sites for protein kinase A, glycogen synthase kinase-3 and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1 (both Ser218 and Ser228) respectively. The present study has identified multiple phosphorylation sites in the anti-inflammatory protein TTP in mammalian cells and should provide the molecular basis for further studies on the function and regulation of TTP in controlling pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Improved CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing by fluorescence activated cell sorting of green fluorescence protein tagged protoplasts (2019)

FACS of protoplasts expressing GFP tagged CRISPR/Cas9, delivered through A. tumefaciens leaf infiltration, facilitated clear CRISPR/Cas9 mediated mutation enrichment in selected protoplast populations.
Nested quasicrystalline discretisations of the line (2006)

One-dimensional cut-and-project point sets obtained from the square lattice in the plane are considered from a unifying point of view and in the perspective of aperiodic wavelet constructions. We successively examine their geometrical aspects, combinatorial properties from the point of view of the theory of languages, and self-similarity with algebraic scaling factor θ. We explain the relation of the cut-and-project sets to non-standard numeration systems based on θ. We finally examine the substitutivity, a weakened version of substitution invariance, which provides us with an algorithm for symbolic generation of cut-and-project sequences.
A Novel Glucan-Sulforaphane Combination Stimulates Immune Response to Influenza in Mouse Model (2016)

Influenza remains a serious health problem and causes approximately 500,000 deaths world-wide. With current available treatments offering neither dependable protection nor a rapid cure, many have focused their attention to alternative treatments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible effect of a novel maitake glucan-sulforaphane combination on immune response against influenza challenge in mice. We evaluated the effects of a glucan-sulforaphane combination on basic immune reactions, virus titre and overall survival after influenza infection. Results: We found 2 weeks supplementation with this glucan-sulforaphane combination significantly improved immunosuppression caused by the viral infection. Based on these results, we conclude that the significant immunostimulation caused by this combination helps to overcome virusdependent suppression of defense reactions and that addition of sulforaphane to glucan can improve already established biological effects of glucan.
Hot Spot(s) of the Lung in Technetium-99m Albumin Colloid Liver-Spleen Scintigraphy: Case Report (1988)

The authors replaced /sup 99m/Tc albumin colloid for /sup 99m/Tc sulfur colloid as a radiopharmaceutical for liver-spleen imaging and found two instances of hot spot(s) in the lung. The preparation procedure of albumin colloid is easier and more convenient as compared to that of sulfur colloid. Whereas replacement of /sup 99m/Tc sulfur colloid by /sup 99m/Tc albumin colloid is inevitable, it should be emphasized that one should avoid blood withdrawal in the syringe containing albumin colloid to prevent formation of clot(s) during the venous puncture for /sup 99m/Tc albumin colloid.