gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role forα1,2-fucosyltransferase and histo-blood group antigen H type 2 in resistance of rat colon carcinoma cells to 5-fluorouracil (2000)

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a drug of standard use in chemotherapy of colon carcinoma. However, its efficacy is limited by inherent and acquired cell resistance. Major changes in histo-blood group antigenic expression, at times associated with poor prognosis, occur on colon cancer cells. To assess whether these antigens might play a role in the resistance to 5-FU, a rat model of colon carcinoma was used. We observed that in vivo treatment of tumors with the drug increased expression of antigen H type 2. The increase was also observed after in vitro short-term exposure to 5-FU, as well as on a cell-resistant variant selected by continuous exposure to the drug, and was accompanied by an increase in alpha1,2-fucosyltransferase activity, the key enzyme involved in synthesis of H antigens. Transfection of cells devoid of this enzymatic activity by an alpha1, 2-fucosyltransferase cDNA allowed expression of H type 2 antigen and increased resistance to 5-FU. Inversely, transfection of cells which possess enzymatic activity by a cDNA in anti-sense orientation reduced both H type 2 cell-surface antigen and resistance to the drug. These results demonstrate that, in this experimental model, alpha1,2-fucosyltransferase and H type 2 antigen are involved in cellular resistance to 5-FU.
Polymeric <scp>siRNA</scp> delivery vectors: knocking down cancers with polymeric‐based gene delivery systems (2014)

Abstract One of the most promising routes for cancer therapy that has evolved over the previous decade is the use of small‐interfering RNA ( siRNA ) as a means of switching off genes that are responsible for tumour development. However, while siRNA and gene/antisense therapies provide alternatives to conventional chemotherapies, significant hurdles related to the delivery and efficacy of treatment must still be overcome before this technology can be used as an effective treatment for cancer and other diseases. This review highlights the issues associated with siRNA therapy in vivo , and describes the various approaches that are being explored using polymers as delivery vectors. In particular, the review focuses on targeted delivery as a means of improving efficacy of the gene therapy. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Deep Genome-Wide Measurement of Meiotic Gene Conversion Using Tetrad Analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana (2012)

Gene conversion, the non-reciprocal exchange of genetic information, is one of the potential products of meiotic recombination. It can shape genome structure by acting on repetitive DNA elements, influence allele frequencies at the population level, and is known to be implicated in human disease. But gene conversion is hard to detect directly except in organisms, like fungi, that group their gametes following meiosis. We have developed a novel visual assay that enables us to detect gene conversion events directly in the gametes of the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Using this assay we measured gene conversion events across the genome of more than one million meioses and determined that the genomewide average frequency is 3.5610 24 conversions per locus per meiosis. We also detected significant locus-to-locus variation in conversion frequency but no intra-locus variation. Significantly, we found one locus on the short arm of chromosome 4 that experienced 3-fold to 6-fold more gene conversions than the other loci tested. Finally, we demonstrated that we could modulate conversion frequency by varying experimental conditions.
Irradiation-induced decomposition of Al2O3 during Auger electron spectroscopy analysis (1996)

The effect of electron fluence on the decomposition of sapphire (Al2O3) was studied in situ by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). The decomposition was primarily detected by monitoring the evolution of the low kinetic energy Auger transitions of aluminum in Al2O3 (54 eV) and in metallic aluminum (68 eV). The decomposition of sputter-cleaned sapphire started at a fluence of ∼4.9×1019 electrons/cm2 (7.8 C/cm2). This fluence was independent of the electron fluxes used in this work, except the lowest, which indicates that heating due to electron bombardment does not significantly affect the decomposition behavior. Electron-induced decomposition takes place in a minimum of the first five atomic layers of the substrate, as revealed by the evolution during irradiation of the high energy Al peaks associated with Al2O3 (1388 eV) and metallic aluminum (1396 eV). Comparison of the evolution of low and high kinetic energy Auger transitions demonstrates that the decomposition kinetics are much faster for the first monolayer than for the subjacent atomic layers. The surface condition strongly influences the decomposition kinetics. Thus, a carbon layer adsorbed at the alumina surface significantly increases the threshold dose for decomposition. The carbon layer most probably acts as a diffusion barrier for the oxygen produced during decomposition. An equation for the decomposition rate of the first monolayer of alumina is established. The integral of this equation gives a good fitting to the experimental data. It is found that the Auger signal of aluminum from sapphire does not disappear even if the entire region has been decomposed. This effect is due to backscattered electrons that promote Auger electron excitations outside the irradiated region.
Steroids with a side chain containing a heterocyclic fragment: synthesis and transformations (1993)

The latest data on the methods for the formation of the side chains of steroids containing a heterocyclic fragment are surveyed and described systematically. Attention is concentrated on the methods for the transformation of heterocycles in order to achieve the stereoselective formation of chiral centres in the side chain characteristic of a series of natural polyhydroxysteroids - ecdysones, brassinosteroids, vitamin D metabolites, etc. The bibliography includes 133 references.
Fabrication of Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloys by Metal Injection Molding (2007)

The metal injection molding process was applied to produce Ti-6Al-7Nb alloys using 3 types of mixed powders. The first is a mixture of Ti and Al-Nb pre-alloyed powders, the second is a mixture of Ti, Ti-Al alloy and Nb powders, and the third is a mixture of elemental powders of Ti, Al and Nb. The sintered compacts using the first and second powders showed higher density and mechanical properties than the compacts using the third powder which showed many large pores formed due to the dissolution of Al particles during the sintering steps. Eventually, the compacts using a mixture of Ti+Al-Nb or Ti+Ti-Al+Nb powders showed tensile strength of above 800MPa and elongation of above 10%, which are similar to the properties of wrought materials.
Relative conformational rigidity in oxytocin and (1-penicillamine)-oxytocin: a proposal for the relationship of conformational flexibility to peptide hormone agonism and antagonism. (1977)

A comparative study of the proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectral parameters of the peptide hormone oxytocin and of its competitive inhibitor [1-L-penicillamine]oxytocin has been made, and the results analyzed in terms of comparative conformational and dynamic properties. The results indicate that oxytocin has a flexible conformation, while [1-L-penicillamine]oxytocin has a more restricted conformation. The results provide a framework for understanding the mechanism of peptide hormone agonism and antagonism for these compounds, and an approach for understanding some features of the interaction of the hormone and related compounds with their receptor.
Overlapping epitopes encompassing a point mutation (12 Gly → Arg) in p21 ras can be recognized by HLA‐DR, ‐DP and ‐DQ restricted T cells (1993)

Mutations in ras genes which result in transforming gene products carrying amino acid substitutions in position 12, 13 or 61 are common in human cancer. Peptides encompassing these mutations in ras are shown to be immunogenic in both mice and humans. The potential usefulness of such peptides in cancer therapy, depends on their ability to bind to HLA molecules. We therefore stimulated T cells from healthy donors with mutated ras-derived peptides. By repeated in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, several T cells clones could be generated which recognized a p21 ras derived peptide carrying a position 12 Gly-->Arg substitution. This peptide (1-25,12 Arg) could be specifically recognized by T cells restricted by either HLA-DQ7 or -DP3. Previously, we showed that this peptide is also recognized by a T cell clone restricted by HLA-DR2. The core region of the peptide was determined to span positions 9-16 for all three HLA restriction elements, and accordingly contains the mutational hot spots in position 12 and 13. The observation that the mutant 1-25,12 Arg ras-derived peptide may contain a promiscuous epitope encompassing the Gly-->Arg mutation in position 12 indicates that lack of peptide presentation by given HLA molecules may not be a major constraint in responsiveness against ras mutations.
Short Communication: Identification of Geographical Indication Tea with Fisher's Discriminant Classification and Principal Components Analysis (2009)

This study attempted to identify authentic geographical indication tea using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy with a combination of Fisher's discriminant classification and principal components analysis (PCA). This rapid and accurate NIR-based approach has shown an accuracy rate for identifying the geographical indication tea equal to 96.7% in a training set, 95.3% using cross-validation and 96.7% in a test set. The overall results suggest that the combination of NIR spectroscopy with Fisher's discriminant classification with PCA could be successfully applied as a rapid and reliable way to identify geographical indication tea.
Novel Amperometric Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor Based on Horseradish Peroxidase Azide Covalently Immobilized on Ethynyl‐Modified Screen‐Printed Carbon Electrode via Click Chemistry (2012)

Abstract A novel, simple and versatile protocol for covalent immobilization of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on screen‐printed carbon electrode (SPCE) based on the combination of diazonium salt electrografting and click chemistry has been successfully developed. The ethynyl‐terminated monolayers are obtained by diazonium salt electrografting, then, in the presence of copper (I) catalyst, the ethynyl modified surfaces reacted efficiently and rapidly with horseradish peroxidase bearing an azide function (azido‐HRP), thus forming a covalent 1,2,3‐triazole linkage by means of click chemistry. All the experimental results suggested that HRP was immobilized onto the electrode surface successfully without denaturation. Furthermore, the immobilized HRP showed a fast electrocatalytic reduction for H 2 O 2 . A linear range from 5.0 to 50.0 µM in a phosphate buffer (pH 5.5) with detection limit of 0.50 µM and sensitivity of 0.23 nA/µM were obtained. The heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant K ct was 1.52±0.22 s −1 and the apparent MichaelisMenten constant was calculated to be 0.028 mM. The HRP‐functionalized electrode demonstrated a good reproducibility and long‐term stability.
The Effect of Housing System and Physical Environment on Post-weaning Pig Performance (2001)

A study was conducted to document the physical environment and growth performance of nursery pigs in hoop structures compared with pigs reared in confinement nurseries. A series of six trials involving a total of 1,440 nursery pigs were conducted at two Iowa State University research farms from December 1999 to August 2000. Regardless of season, the confinement pigs grew faster and consumed more feed than pigs in hoop structures for the first 2 weeks post-weaning. Both housing systems experienced similar growth rates for the last 3 weeks of the trial. Both housing systems experienced similar ADFI and feed efficiencies for weeks 4 and 5. Overall, the confinement pigs grew faster, consumed more feed and were less efficient than pigs in hoop structures (P<.05) during the winter season. Overall the confinement pigs grew faster (P<.05), consumed more feed (P<.05), and experienced similar feed efficiencies as the pigs in hoop structures during the spring season. Overall, the confinement pigs experienced growth rates, consumed more feed and were less efficient than pigs in hoop structures (P<.05) Hoop structures can be used as nursery facilities throughout the various seasons. The first 2 weeks postweaning proved to be a very critical time in getting the pigs acclimated to the hoop structures. After this period, they experienced growth rates similar to the pigs in confinement. Further trials with adjustments made for the bedding, heat source, hovers, feeders, and management may improve the growth performance over that seen in these trials.
Inhibition of Human Platelet Function Induced by Sulphinpyrazone (1979)

A single 400 mg dose of sulphinpyrazone (S) administered orally to 5 volunteers inhibited arachidonic acid (AA)-induced platelet aggregation and platelet MDA production ex vivo biphasically. The initial inhibitory phase coincided with the maximum plasma concentration of S but the second phase occurred 24 h after dosing when no plasma S was detectable. At 2 h the concentration of AA inducing half-maximal aggregation was increased 1.95 times and at 24 h by 1.61 times. Dosing 7 volunteers with 200 mg q.d.s. for 7 days and 5 volunteers with 400 mg b.d.s. for 5 days also led to inhibitory activity against AA-induced platelet aggregation and MDA production which declined to zero 48 h after the last dose. Platelet count, fibrinogen, F VIII; ß-TG and AT III were not influenced by the longer term treatment but bleeding time was slightly extended in all but one subject.
A NOVEL AIR/NANOPOROUS DIELECTRIC CLAD OPTOFLUIDIC WAVEGUIDE SYSTEM FOR SENSOR APPLICATIONS (2008)

We report a novel high throughput liquid core waveguide system (LCW) featur- ing water as the core and air/nanoporous dielectric as cladding and demonstrate that such miniaturized devices have a great potential as sensor platforms, particularly biosensors. Organosilicate nanoparticulate films with refractive indices as low as 1.04 have been used as the cladding material. Apart from successful integration of these coatings, we present a simplified fabrication process eliminating the need for etched microchannels. Microfluidic channels for the liquid core are formed through surface directed flows made possible through simple surface modification tech- niques resulting in low loss chip based LCWs.
Defect tolerance in resistor-logic demultiplexers for nanoelectronics (2006)

Since defect rates are expected to be high in nanocircuitry, we analyse the performance of resistor-based demultiplexers in the presence of defects. The defects observed to occur in fabricated nanoscale crossbars are stuck-open, stuck-closed, stuck-short, broken-wire, and adjacent-wire-short defects. We analyse the distribution of voltages on the nanowire output lines of a resistor-logic demultiplexer, based on an arbitrary constant-weight code, when defects occur. These analyses show that resistor-logic demultiplexers can tolerate small numbers of stuck-closed, stuck-open, and broken-wire defects on individual nanowires, at the cost of some degradation in the circuit's worst-case voltage margin. For stuck-short and adjacent-wire-short defects, and for nanowires with too many defects of the other types, the demultiplexer can still achieve error-free performance, but with a smaller set of output lines. This design thus has two layers of defect tolerance: the coding layer improves the yield of usable output lines, and an avoidance layer guarantees that error-free performance is achieved.
Injection Threshold for a Statistically Branched Polymer inside a Nanopore (1996)

A nonadsorbing, flexible polymer (in dilute solution with a good solvent) enters a pore (of diameter D smaller than its natural size, R) only when it is sucked in by a solvent flux, J, higher than a threshold value, Jc. For linear polymers Jc ∼ kΤ/η (where T is the temperature and η the solvent viscosity). We discuss here the case of statistically branched polymers, with an average number, b, of monomers between branch points. We find that there are two regimes, “weak confinement” and “strong confinement”, depending on the tube diameter. By measuring Jc in both regimes, we should determine both the molecular weight and the number b.
FIRMNESS MEASUREMENT OF PROCESSED TABLE BEETS * (1971)

A rapid back extrusion method for estimating textural quality of processed table beets was well correlated with taste panel evaluation of commercial (r= 0.91) and experimental samples (r= 0.98). An estimate of the mean of the fluctuations of the plateau of the force-distance recording was found to provide a less variable value for firmness than the maximum force. The extrusion method was correlated with a puncture method (r= 0.91).
Stability study of parabens in pharmaceutical formulations containing Paracetamol or Carbocisteine by high-performance liquid chromtatography (2015)

A new, simple, specific, sensitive, rapid, accurate and precise RP-HPLC method was developed for the proportioning of the methylparaben and the propylparaben in pharmaceutical formulations as well as the phenol, which is their main degradation product. These parabens are widely used as preservatives in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. The separation was performed on a C18-column using a mobile phase elution gradient (Acetate buffer 50mM pH 5/Acetonitrile). The detection was performed at a fixed wavelength (l = 271nm), with a flow rate of 1.3 ml/min. The detector response was linear in concentrations ranging from 10 to 60 μg/ml for the methylparaben, from 3 to 15 µg/ml for the propylparaben and from 0.125 to 2.5 µg/ml for the phenol. The intra and inter day variation was found to be less than 2%. The limits of quantification and of detection of the phenol are of 0.1 µg/ml and 0.03 µg/ml, respectively. The recovery ratio was equal to 101.8 % for the methylparaben, 101.2 % for the propylparaben and 98.4 % for the phenol. The proposed method was used to monitor the degradation of the parabens and the production of the phenol in studied solutions.
Identification of the Shape of Curvilinear Beams and Fibers (2010)

This work concerns the shape identification of curvilinear objects, for example bent beams or wires in mechanics. The beam’s digital picture is analyzed with the introduced Virtual Image Correlation method. This one consists in finding the optimal correlation between the beam’s image and a virtual beam, whose curvature field is described by a truncated series. The gray level and amplitude of the virtual beam does not need to reproduce exactly the ones of the physical beam image. The analytical form of the optimal shape allows one to derive mechanical properties: the identification of the Young’s modulus of a bar is given as an example. We will also show the robustness of the method with regards to the quality of the image.
A high dynamic range imaging method for the characterization of periodic errors in diffraction gratings (2018)

We report on recent progress in the development of our focal plane imaging system for the detection and characterization of small fabrication errors in diffraction gratings. The instrument uses a purpose-designed high dynamic range imaging method in conjunction with a low-cost digital camera to acquire images with a dynamic range that can now exceed eight orders of magnitude. The sensitivity and utility of the instrument is demonstrated with measurements of three different diffraction gratings. Avenues for further possible improvements of the instrument are discussed.
Questions on the effects of roughness and its analysis in non-equilibrium flows (2022)

The prediction of turbulent flows over rough surfaces is important for many applications in engineering and in the natural sciences. Since the resolution of the roughness requires significant computational resources, most modelling approaches rely on the related concepts of ‘equivalent sand-grain roughness’ and ‘wall similarity’. While the validity of these concepts is well established for zero-pressure-gradient boundary-layers and for channel flows, such is not the case for non-equilibrium conditions. This raises a number of important questions, some of which are discussed in this paper. We also suggest some possible paths to answering these questions.
Distributed Consensus-Based Online Monitoring of Robot Swarms With Temporal Logic Specifications (2022)

In this letter, we develop a distributed consensus-based online monitoring framework for a robot swarm with a fixed graph structure. Each agent can monitor whether the swarm satisfies specifications given in the form of Swarm Signal Temporal Logic (SwarmSTL) formulas. SwarmSTL formulas describe temporal properties of swarm-level features represented by generalized moments (GMs), e.g., centroid and variance. To deal with measurement noise, we propose a generalized moment consensus algorithm (GMCA) with Kalman filter (KF), allowing each agent to estimate the GMs. Besides, we prove the convergence properties of the GMCA and derive an upper bound for the error between an agent's estimate of the GMs and the actual GMs. This upper bound is derived to be dependent on the maximal allowed velocity but independent of the agents' exact motion. A set of distributed monitoring rules for SwarmSTL formulas are proposed based on the estimation error bound. As a result, the agents can monitor the satisfaction of SwarmSTL formulas over swarm features during execution. The distributed monitoring framework is applied to a supply transportation example, where the efficacy of KF in the GMCA is also shown.
A Fully Distributed Architecture for Large Scale Workflow Enactment (2003)

Standard client-server workflow management systems are usually designed as client-server systems. The central server is responsible for the coordination of the workflow execution and, in some cases, may manage the activities database. This centralized control architecture may represent a single point of failure, which compromises the availability of the system. We propose a fully distributed and configurable architecture for workflow management systems. It is based on the idea that the activities of a case (an instance of the process) migrate from host to host, executing the workflow tasks, following a process plan. This core architecture is improved with the addition of other distributed components so that other requirements for Workflow Management Systems, besides scalability, are also addressed. The components of the architecture were tested in different distributed and centralized configurations. The ability to configure the location of components and the use of dynamic allocation of tasks were effective for the implementation of load balancing policies.
Measuring trade‐offs that matter: assessing the impact of a new electronic cross‐match policy on the turnaround time and the cross‐match workload efficiency (2014)

Our study showed that the impact of the new policy on the TAT was not inferior to the traditional policy. Since the median TAT of 14 minutes under the new policy met the published benchmarks, the trade-off between delays in the TAT and efficiency gains in the XM workload remained acceptable for patient care.
Androgens and prostate cancer risk: A prospective study (2007)

We found no significant associations between androgen levels and risk of prostate cancer in this population-based, non-screened cohort.