gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microwave-assisted Hydrolysis of Giant Reed Hemicellulose in the Presence of Amberlyst-70 as Heterogeneous Catalyst (2019)

Lignocellulosic biomass conversion to sugars represents the basis of future biorefineries, because sugars can be converted to valuable products through chemical or fermentative routes. In order to guarantee a sustainable bio-based economy, a multi-stage fractionation/conversion of biomass feedstock should be developed, in this way maximizing sugars recovery and minimizing the formation of by-products. Under this perspective, the present work is focused on the investigation and optimization of the hydrolysis of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) hemicellulose fraction to xylose in the presence of an acid heterogeneous catalyst, the resin Amberlyst-70, under microwave irradiation. In fact, xylose is precursor of several products, such as xylitol, furans and five carbon alcohols. The influence of the main reaction parameters, such as temperature, catalyst and biomass amounts, on reducing sugars yield was investigated. The quantitative conversion of hemicellulose into xylose equal to 96.3 mol% was achieved at 160 °C for 20 min, employing the ratio Amberlyst-70/biomass of 0.2 wt/wt, adopting the initial biomass concentration of 200 g/L. The obtained results confirm the feasibility of Amberlyst-70 as solid acid catalyst in an alternative smart strategy for the biomass hydrolysis, leading to the complete recovery of xylose.
Dosimetric comparison of bolus and continuous injections of CC49 monoclonal antibody in a colon cancer xenograft model Presented at the Sixth Conference on Radioimmunodetection and Radioimmunotherapy of Cancer, Princeton, New Jersey, October 10-12, 1996. (1997)

BACKGROUND Improved understanding of dose and effective dose calculations may contribute to the optimization of fractionated radioimmunotherapy. METHODS Comparison three-dimensional tumor dosimetry was performed on athymic nude mice bearing established LS174T human colon carcinoma xenografts. Mice were given bolus intraperitoneal injections of 300 ΜCi 131 I-labeled CC49 monoclonal antibody once (Day 0) or three times (Days 0, 3, and 7) or continuous intraperitoneal infusion with miniosmotic pumps over 7 days. Serial section autoradiography was used to reconstruct tumor activity density distributions for Days 3, 4, 7, 10, and 11 (single injection); Days 3, 4, 7, 8, and 11 (3 injections); and Days 4, 7, 10, and 13 (pump). At least three tumors were reconstructed at each time point. Uptakes in blood and tumor were measured up to 14 days (single injection), 11 days (3 injections), or 16 days (pump) after injection. RESULTS Average dose values calculated from total activity uptake data only (assuming no energy loss external to the tumor) yielded 102 Gy (single injection), 158 Gy (three injections), and 47 Gy (pump). Average doses using three-dimensional dose calculations were 88 Gy, 139 Gy, and 40 Gy, respectively. The nonuniformity of dose deposition affects treatment outcome, because cell loss is an exponential function of dose. Using the linear quadratic model with fractional cell survival to define an effective dose, D eff were calculated to be 20 Gy, 23 Gy, and 14 Gy, respectively. Cell proliferation affects outcome for variable dose-rate treatments. With cell proliferation parameters set to reproduce single-fraction 60 Co recurrence results, D eff (for local control endpoint) were 8.9 Gy, 12.8 Gy, and 3.9 Gy, respectively. Three bolus injections compared with a single bolus injection were relatively less efficient in tumor uptake. However, three bolus injections resulted in a more uniform dose rate over a longer period, resulting in a 50% improvement in D eff . The slower dose delivery for pump infusion resulted in a significantly lower D eff , although dose-rate distributions were more uniform compared with the single bolus injection. CONCLUSIONS Improvement in dose-rate nonuniformities was observed for fractionated and continuous radiolabeled monoclonal antibody injections. Fractionated injections produced superior dosimetric results compared with single bolus or continuous injections. Cancer 1997; 80:2567-75. © 1997 American Cancer Society.
When is 3D 2B? (2010)

A key facet of "More than Moore" scaling comes under the heading of "3D"—the stacking of multiple integrated-circuit dies using through-silicon vias (TSVs). Stacked-die products reached the marketplace decades ago, but with peripheral I/O on individual dies and interchip interconnect on the "side" of the stack. TSVs are a game changer, as this column explains.
Nothochrysa fulviceps and N. capitata in Lincolnshire (1895)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
[Epidemiology of Chlamydia trachomatis using analysis of gene encoding of the major outer membrane protein]. (1992)

One hundred and eight clinical strains and 24 reference strains of C. trachomatis were typed using differential restriction mapping of omp1, the gene which encodes the major outer membrane protein. The gene was obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This molecular typing method correlated well with serological typing. Eighty-four per cent of clinical strains were typed using the enzyme AluI alone. Heterogeneity was looked for among the most common serovars (E, F, and D; 62%, 17%, and 9%, respectively). Analysis of the PCR-amplified fourth variable domain of omp1 using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis followed by direct sequencing of the variants disclosed substantial heterogeneity within the D serovar. Conversely, serovars E and F were homogeneous, with however a single variant strain of serovar E.
The Harsanyi Solution to the Bargaining Problem (2011)

In this chapter, we introduce several generalizations to the formulation and solution of the bargaining problem. Until the early 1960s, the study of social power (including political power) had been carried out exclusively by sociologists. That changed in 1962, when Harsanyi managed to introduce the rigor of mathematical reasoning into the theory of social power by applying the analytical tools and models of game theory. Harsanyi provided a clear interpretation that eliminated much of the ambiguity that had previously plagued the theory of social power (Harsanyi 1962a, 1962b).
Regulation of Fruit Growth with 2-Chloroethanephosphonic Acid (1969)

Journal Article Regulation of Fruit Growth with 2-Chloroethanephosphonic Acid Get access Ross E. Byers, Ross E. Byers Department of Horticulture, Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. C. Dostal, H. C. Dostal Department of Horticulture, Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. H. Emerson F. H. Emerson Department of Horticulture, Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BioScience, Volume 19, Issue 10, October 1969, Pages 903–904, https://doi.org/10.2307/1294716 Published: 01 October 1969 Article history Accepted: 02 June 1969 Published: 01 October 1969
Vinyl-Cellulose Copolymers (1968)

Graft copolymerization reactions of methyl, ethyl, butyl, hexyl, and lauryl methacrylates and 1,3-butylene dimethacrylate with fibrous cotton cellulose were initiated by the simul taneous irradiation procedure, using 60 Co γ-radiation. The fabric properties of the poly(alkyl methacrylate)—cotton copolymers (methyl, ethyl, butyl, and hexyl) were determined at two degrees of grafting. The flex abrasion resistance of the poly(hexyl methacrylate)—cotton copolymer at 37% add-on of polymer was more than ten-fold that of the cotton fabric control. The flat abrasion resistance of the poly(ethyl methacrylate) —cotton copolymer was ten-fold greater than that of the fabric control. Examination of electron microphotographs of thin sections of the copolymers embedded in aqueous polyvinyl alcohol indicated that layer opening of the fibrous structure occurred during graft copolymerization and that the degree of layering and size of the opening was related to the molecular weight of the monomer being reacted. The radiochemical yields of the reactions ranged from 4,600 to 44,000 molecular actions per 100 eV at a dosage of 0.5 MR.
Biomimetic lubrication (2011)

The lubrication of synovial joints is extremely efficient, allowing smooth motion to be performed between relatively soft and vulnerable cartilage surfaces for close to 100 years. A failure of this system leads to significant pain and loss of life quality. The ultrastructure of cartilage is complex and of functional significance. The molecules that are involved in the lubrication process are of many types, and they associate with each other in a complex fashion. This review focuses on the lubricating molecules, both biolubricants and biomimetic ones that share some features of the biolubricants. It discusses the conditions that must be fulfilled for achieving low friction in aqueous media and emphasizes the importance of load bearing capacity and self-healing ability.
A Study of the Hg–Xe Arc as a Source for the Far Infrared (1968)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text K. C. Johnson and A. J. Sievers, "A Study of the Hg–Xe Arc as a Source for the Far Infrared," Appl. Opt. 7, 2430-2431 (1968) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Genotype-Environment Interactions in Broiler Stocks of Chickens (1967)

THE importance of non-additive genotype-environment interactions in broiler stocks is of considerable interest to breeders, as such interactions will influence the breeder’s testing program. The regional approach, with a number of state agricultural experiment stations cooperating, is one logical way of investigating these interactions since environments in different states may be more diverse than those existing at locations within a state or station. Investigations at the regional level more nearly represent the actual distribution of commercial stocks as compared with research that is limited geographically. This study is one of a series conducted by participants in the Southern Regional Poultry Breeding Project (S-57) to determine the relative importance of genotype-environment interactions in broiler stocks. Only a limited number of studies with broiler stocks have been conducted to determine the importance of genotype by environment (location, diet, management, etc.) interactions; however, a large number of studies (see Hale, 1961) have been . . .
Autoantibody profiles and clinical association in Thai patients with autoimmune retinopathy (2021)

Autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) is a rare immune-mediated inflammation of the retina. The autoantibodies against retinal proteins and glycolytic enzymes were reported to be involved in the pathogenesis. This retrospective cohort study assessed the antiretinal autoantibody profiles and their association with clinical outcomes of AIR patients in Thailand. We included 44 patients, 75% were females, with the overall median age of onset of 48 (17-74, IQR 40-55.5) years. Common clinical presentations were nyctalopia (65.9%), blurred vision (52.3%), constricted visual field (43.2%), and nonrecordable electroretinography (65.9%). Underlying malignancy and autoimmune diseases were found in 2 and 12 female patients, respectively. We found 41 autoantibodies, with anti-α-enolase (65.9%) showing the highest prevalence, followed by anti-CAII (43.2%), anti-aldolase (40.9%), and anti-GAPDH (36.4%). Anti-aldolase was associated with male gender (P = 0.012, OR 7.11, 95% CI 1.54-32.91). Anti-CAII showed significant association with age of onset (P = 0.025, 95% CI - 17.28 to - 1.24), while anti-α-enolase (P = 0.002, OR 4.37, 95% CI 1.83-10.37) and anti-GAPDH (P = 0.001, OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.32-2.64) were significantly associated with nonrecordable electroretinography. Association between the antibody profiles and clinical outcomes may be used to direct and adjust the treatment plans and provide insights in the pathogenesis of AIR.
Etude des ectomycorhizes de <i>Dryas octopetala</i>. Obtention de synthèses mycorhiziennes et de carpophores d’<i>Hebeloma alpinum</i> et <i>H</i>. <i>marginatulum</i> (1981)

The mycorrhizal synthesis between Dryas octopetala L. and two Agaricales from alpine area: Hebeloma alpinum (Favre) Bruchet and Hebeloma marginatulum (Favre) Bruchet, have been produced in the laboratory. Both fungi yielded normal fructification after 8 months in culture. After light and scanning electron microscopic examination, macro- and microscopical features of these mycorhizae are described. This symbiotic association, existing in the field between D. octopetala and those fungi typical of the alpine area, is discussed from an ecological point of view.
Vulvovaginitis. (1992)

Often trivialized by the medical profession, vaginitis in adult women is not only extremely common but the source of considerable stress, and it often results in marked suffering. Epidemiologic studies described in this article indicate the high prevalence of vaginitis and the large number of causes. Although the majority of infections in women are due to BV, VVC, and trichomoniasis, it is clear that many other causes exist, and we have yet to discover the cause of many clinical syndromes. Considerable progress in understanding the pathogenesis of the three common vaginitides has been made. Although excellent progress has been made by the pharmaceutical industry in providing new drugs for vaginitis, any further progress will require a better understanding of cause and pathogenesis. Vaginitis causes major symptoms and is more than a nuisance problem. Clinicians owe it to their patients to make efforts to make an accurate diagnosis and not to rely on empiric therapy.
Aislamiento de las vibraciones generadas por el tráfico ferroviario mediante elementos amortiguadores en la vía (1994)

La interposicion de elementos elasticos en la via se revela como un procedimiento altamente eficaz en la reduccion del nivel de vibraciones producidas en las edificaciones proximas a ferrocarriles trazados en zona urbana. Al tratarse de vibraciones del suelo de pequena amplitud, la naturaleza lineal del problema permite razonar que una disminucion de los niveles de vibracion en la plataforma se traduce en la misma reduccion en la base de las edificaciones. La filosofia de calculo es, por tanto, la construccion de un modelo detallado del foco, que incluya las diferentes partes de la via, y el estudio de la variacion de la respuesta en la plataforma como consecuencia de la interposicion de elementos amortiguadores. Se analiza la eficacia de: almohadillas colocadas bajo el carril (pads), suelas bajo traviesa, y alfombra bajo balasto, actuando conjunta o separadamente, asi como de las llamadas losas flotantes de hormigon. Se
estudia igualmente la existencia de limitaciones al uso de estos medios impuestas por las limitaciones de flecha
estatica. Como conclusion, cada solucion presenta mayor eficacia en un rango de frecuencias determinado.
Nb<SUB>3</SUB>Al Wires Fabricated by the Clad-Chip Extrusion (CCE) Method and Their Superconductive Properties (1989)

A new fabrication technique of Nb3Al wires, called the clad-chip extrusion (CCE) method, is proposed in this study. It is characterized by chipping and extruding Nb-Al clad sheets. The shear deformation stratifies Nb-Al clad chips in the extrusion process, and fine-multilayer Nb-Al wires are finally obtained by subsequent conventional drawing. An extruded Nb-Al composite bar shows excellent deformability in cold-working up to high reductions and Nb-Al composite wires with fine structure are easily fabricated because Nb plates containing low level oxygen are used as a starting material in this method.Heat-treated Nb3Al wires show the superconducting transition temperature of 17 K, the critical current density of 108 A/m2 in the field up to 15 T at 4.2 K and the critical field of 23.3 T is extrapolated from the Kramer plots.
First Application of Secondary Phosphines as Supporting Ligands for the Palladium‐Catalyzed Heck Reaction: Efficient Activation of Aryl Chlorides. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Serum Levels of CC Chemokine Receptor 4 and CXC Chemokine Receptor 3 Ligands in CD8+ Sézary Syndrome (2012)

© 2012 The Authors. doi: 10.2340/00015555-1270 Journal Compilation © 2012 Acta Dermato-Venereologica. ISSN 0001-5555 Sezary syndrome is an erythrodermic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with haematological evidence of leukemic involvement, which is typically characterized by a monoclonal proliferation of atypical CD4+CD45RO+ lymphocytes (Sezary cells). We report here a case of CD8+ Sezary syndrome that was treated successfully with methotrexate. Sezary cells were CD3+, CD4–, CD8+, CD45RO+. They also expressed CC chemokine receptor 4 and 10, but not CXC chemokine receptor 3. The number of Sezary cells and serum levels of soluble IL-2 receptor were positively correlated with serum levels of CC chemokine ligand 17, 22 and 27, whereas they were negatively correlated with serum levels of CXC chemokine ligand 10.
Nanograting-based compact vacuum ultraviolet spectrometer and beam profiler for <i>in situ</i> characterization of high-order harmonic generation light sources (2010)

A compact, versatile device for vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) beam characterization is presented. It combines the functionalities of a VUV spectrometer and a VUV beam profiler in one unit and is entirely supported by a standard DN200 CF flange. The spectrometer employs a silicon nitride transmission nanograting in combination with a microchannel plate-based imaging detector. This enables the simultaneous recording of wavelengths ranging from 10 to 80 nm with a resolution of 0.25-0.13 nm. Spatial beam profiles with diameters up to 10 mm are imaged with 0.1 mm resolution. The setup is equipped with an in-vacuum translation stage that allows for in situ switching between the spectrometer and beam profiler modes and for moving the setup out of the beam. The simple, robust design of the device is well suited for nonintrusive routine characterization of emerging laboratory- and accelerator-based VUV light sources. Operation of the device is demonstrated by characterizing the output of a femtosecond high-order harmonic generation light source.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Sensing in the Unfolded Protein Response (2013)

Secretory and transmembrane proteins enter the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as unfolded proteins and exit as either folded proteins in transit to their target organelles or as misfolded proteins targeted for degradation. The unfolded protein response (UPR) maintains the protein-folding homeostasis within the ER, ensuring that the protein-folding capacity of the ER meets the load of client proteins. Activation of the UPR depends on three ER stress sensor proteins, Ire1, PERK, and ATF6. Although the consequences of activation are well understood, how these sensors detect ER stress remains unclear. Recent evidence suggests that yeast Ire1 directly binds to unfolded proteins, which induces its oligomerization and activation. BiP dissociation from Ire1 regulates this oligomeric equilibrium, ultimately modulating Ire1's sensitivity and duration of activation. The mechanistic principles of ER stress sensing are the focus of this review.
<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> HP0518 affects flagellin glycosylation to alter bacterial motility (2010)

Helicobacter pylori is a human gastric pathogen associated with gastric and duodenal ulcers as well as gastric cancer. Mounting evidence suggests this pathogen's motility is prerequisite for successful colonization of human gastric tissues. Here, we isolated an H. pylori G27 HP0518 mutant exhibiting altered motility in comparison to its parental strain. We show that the mutant's modulated motility is linked to increased levels of O-linked glycosylation on flagellin A (FlaA) protein. Recombinant HP0518 protein decreased glycosylation levels of H. pylori flagellin in vitro, indicating that HP0518 functions in deglycosylation of FlaA protein. Furthermore, mass spectrometric analysis revealed increased glycosylation of HP0518 FlaA was due to a change in pseudaminic acid (Pse) levels on FlaA; HP0518 mutant-derived flagellin contained approximately threefold more Pse than the parental strain. Further phenotypic and molecular characterization demonstrated that the hyper-motile HP0518 mutant exhibits superior colonization capabilities and subsequently triggers enhanced CagA phosphorylation and NF-κB activation in AGS cells. Our study shows that HP0518 is involved in the deglycosylation of flagellin, thereby regulating pathogen motility. These findings corroborate the prominent function of H. pylori flagella in pathogen-host cell interactions and modulation of host cell responses, likely influencing the pathogenesis process.
Memory efficient design of an MPEG-4 video encoder for FPGAs (2005)

The improving resolutions of new video appliances continuously increase the throughput requirements of video codecs and complicate the challenges encountered during their cost-efficient design. We propose an FPGA implementation of a high-performance MPEG-4 video encoder. The fully dedicated video pipeline is realized using a systematic design approach and exploits the inherent functional parallelism of the compression algorithm. The effect of memory and algorithmic optimizations applied at the high-level are measured on the RTL description. The resulting MPEG-4 video encoder efficiently uses the FPGA blockRAMs, uses burst oriented accesses to external memory and supports real-time processing of 30 4CIF frames per second.
Cyclic AMP Mediation of Bradykinin-Induced Stimulation of Mitotic Activity and DNA Synthesis in Thymocytes (1970)

Bradykinin increases the progression of rat thymocytes (suspended in vitro) into mitosis by a cyclic AMP-mediated reaction which stimulates the initiation of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis.
Effect of Fixatives on Acid Mucopolysaccharides (AMPS) in the Experimentally Hydrated Rabbit Cornea (1970)

The influence of various fixatives on the rabbit cornea hydrated in distilled water for 2 and 4 h was studied by means of staining with Alcian stains at various pH, colloidal Fe3+, Alcian blue solutions with increasing concentrations of MgCl2, and toluidine blue at pH 4.5. The initial hydration resulted in an increased intensity of staining of carboxyl groups and with the stainability of sulphate groups. These changes induced by primary hydration remained qualitatively unchanged after treatment with different fixatives. Differences were observed only in degrees of staining intensities. In comparison with other fixatives, formol-cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) fixation significantly decreased the staining intensity of stromal AMPS.
Phase formation of high-T sub c superconducting oxides in the Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O glass (1992)

Since the discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O (BSCCO) system, substantial research efforts have been expended in the areas of phase equilibria, processing, characterization, physical property measurement, and practical applications of these materials. This paper reports that one advantage of BSCCO materials, as compared to Ba-Y-Cu-O (BYCO) ceramics, is the presence of phases exhibiting superconducting properties at 80 and 110 K. The principal attribute of BSCCO, however, is the apparent absence of weak-link behavior in this material, a problem which can severely limit critical currents in bulk BYCO. The BSCCO system also offers the opportunity of glass formation so that glass-ceramic processing techniques can be used to form and crystallize materials into the desired products. An interesting problem exists with respect to forming the 110 K (Bi,Pb){sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} (2223) phase in the BSCCO system. Efforts to obtain this 2223 phase directly from the lead-free Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system have been largely unsuccessful, although reports have been made to the contrary. The addition of Pb to the starting materials has been found necessary to achieve significant quantities of 2223.