gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LANDSCAPE INDICES FOR COMPARISON OF SPATIAL FOREST PATTERNS IN DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS (2004)

Present management, aimed at conservation and optimal use of forest resources, requires monitoring of environmental changes at the regional scale. The spatial pattern of land use, also named landscape structure, reflects underlying human processes as well as influences environmental parameters, such as species abundance, biodiversity, fire risk. The first step to understand highly human-altered landscapes and their functioning is the description of landscape structure. This can be done by means of quantitative indices. This allows to compare landscape structure objectively. It seems that landscape structure, as measured by these common landscape indices, is not significantly different in the respective geographical regions. The search for quantitative methods to analyze and describe the structure of landscapes has become a high priority in landscape ecology. This study assesses the effectiveness of commonly used measures to discern spatial forest cover patterns.
Rho GTPase Cdc42 coordinates hematopoietic stem cell quiescence and niche interaction in the bone marrow (2007)

Adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) exist in a relatively quiescent state in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment to fulfill long-term self-renewal and multilineage differentiation functions, an event that is tightly regulated by extrinsic and intrinsic cues. However, the mechanism coordinating the quiescent state of HSCs and their retention in the BM microenvironment remains poorly understood. In a conditional-knockout mouse model, we show that Cdc42(-/-) HSCs enter the active cell cycle, resulting in significantly increased number and frequency of the stem/progenitor cells in the BM. Cdc42 deficiency also causes impaired adhesion, homing, lodging, and retention of HSCs, leading to massive egress of HSCs from BM to distal organs and peripheral blood and to an engraftment failure. These effects are intrinsic to the HSCs and are associated with deregulated c-Myc, p21(Cip1), beta1-integrin, and N-cadherin expressions and defective actin organization. Thus, Cdc42 is a critical coordinator of HSC quiescence maintenance and interaction with the BM niche.
Emissions from co-combustion of coal, wood and sludge in CFB (2003)

This paper reports on gaseous emission from co-combustion of sewage sludge with coal or wood in circulating fluidised bed (CFB). Dried, or in some cases "wet" (mechanically dewatered), municipal sewage sludge was investigated. The fuels coal and wood were used in contrast to each other. The emissions of CO, NO, N2O, SO2 and HCl were measured from various sludge fractions and air supply methods in two CFB combustion units: the 12 MWth boiler at Chalmers University of Technology and the laboratory scale unit at the Technical University Hamburg-Harburg. The two units were scaled according to approximate scaling rules and give comparable emissions. It was shown that the emissions were moderate despite the considerable quantities of fuel nitrogen and sulphur in the sludge. For commercially interesting sludge fractions (<25 % of the energy supply) the European emission limits could be fulfilled, except in some quite extreme cases: sulphur emission from co-combustion of sludge and wood (mostly because of an odd emission rule) and for chlorine, where the emission limits are not well established. In all cases fluidized bed combustion has shown itself worthy its reputation: if the sludge handling systems are adequate, there are no further problems related to fluidization.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Intramuscular Quinine in Children with Severe Malaria (2001)

We present the first population pharmacokinetic analysis of quinine in patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Ghanaian children (n = 120; aged 12 months to 10 years) with severe malaria received an intramuscular loading dose of quinine dihydrochloride (20 mg/kg of body weight). A two-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination gave post hoc estimates for pharmacokinetic parameters that were consistent with those derived from non-population pharmacokinetic studies (clearance [CL] = 0.05 liter/h/kg of body weight; volume of distribution in the central compartment [V(1)] = 0.65 liter/kg; volume of distribution at steady state = 1.41 liter/kg; half-life at beta phase = 19.9 h). There were no covariates (including age, gender, acidemia, anemia, coma, parasitemia, or anticonvulsant use) that explained interpatient variability in weight-normalized CL and V(1). Intramuscular quinine was associated with minor, local toxicity in some patients (13 of 108; 12%), and 11 patients (10%) experienced one or more episodes of postadmission hypoglycemia. A loading dose of intramuscular quinine results in predictable population pharmacokinetic profiles in children with severe malaria and may be preferred to the intravenous route of administration in some circumstances.
Pump–probe spectroscopy and circular dichroism of nanocrystalline benzophenone—towards absolute kinetic measurements in solid state photochemical reactions (2007)

Nanocrystals suspended in water can be used to record steady state and pump-probe absorption spectra, which should be useful for the study of excited states and reactive intermediates in the solid state.
Relationship of pseudopod extension to chemotactic hormone‐induced actin polymerization in amoeboid cells (1988)

Aggregation-competent amoeboid cells of Dictyostelium discoideum are chemotactic toward cAMP. Video microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to quantitate changes in cell morphology and locomotion during uniform upshifts in the concentration of cAMP. These studies demonstrate that morphological and motile responses to cAMP are sufficiently synchronous within a cell population to allow relevant biochemical analyses to be performed on large numbers of cells. Changes in cell behavior were correlated with F-actin content by using an NBD-phallacidin binding assay. These studies demonstrate that actin polymerization occurs in two stages in response to stimulation of cells with extracellular cAMP and involves the addition of monomers to the cytochalasin D-sensitive (barbed) ends of actin filaments. The second stage of actin assembly, which peaks at 60 sec following an upshift in cAMP concentration, is temporally correlated with the growth of new pseudopods. The F-actin assembled by 60 sec is localized in these new pseudopods. These results indicate that actin polymerization may constitute one of the driving forces for pseudopod extension in amoeboid cells and that nucleation sites regulating polymerization are under the control of chemotaxis receptors.
Spatial Characterization of FBGS Using Layer Peeling (2002)

Characterization of the complex reflection spectrum and the spatial complex reflectivity profile of a fiber Bragg gratings using layer peeling is demonstrated. Immunity to spurious reflections and high dynamic range in spectral measurements are achieved.
Observations Regarding the Mechanism of Olefin Epoxidation with Per Acids (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTObservations Regarding the Mechanism of Olefin Epoxidation with Per AcidsHarold Kwart and D. M. HoffmanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 2, 419–425Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01340a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01340a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views294Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An application of process synthesis methodology for first-pass fabrication success of high-performance deep-submicron CMOS (2002)

This paper describes a methodology to reduce the time and cost of developing deep sub-micron semiconductor manufacturing technology. The methodology consists of following the components: compact models for device performance and reliability, compact models for process modules, and synthesis algorithms that allow the rapid exploration of large design spaces to identify all device and process flow designs that meet the device specifications. This approach is illustrated by applying it to the design of CMOS gate shrinks from 0.35 /spl mu/m to 0.29 /spl mu/m drawn poly gate length. The synthesized devices were manufactured, meeting all performance and reliability requirements in the first silicon run.
[Cerebrovascular complications in cardiac surgery]. (1992)

Mortality and physical impairment in patients undergoing cardiac surgery are to a large extent due to cerebro-vascular complications that are second in frequency only to cardiopulmonary incidents. In spite of the extracorporeal circulatory support as well as progress in cardiac surgery that have improved the perioperative conditions, neurologic complications mainly of embolic nature are still common after extracorporeal circulatory assistance.
ChemInform Abstract: GALLENFARBSTOFFSYNTH. 3. MITT. SYNTH. DES (‐)‐STERCOBILINS (IX)ALPHA (′NAT.′ STERCOBILIN) UND ANDERE OPTISCH AKTIVER STERCOBILINE (1970)

Abstract Aus den dargestellten Dipyromethenen (I) werden durch Hochdruckhydrierung die Racemate der entsprechenden Tetrahydroderivate (II) [wenig (IIb)] dargestellt.
The NASA high temperature superconductivity program (1990)

It has been recognized from the onset that high temperature superconductivity held great promise for major advances across a broad range of NASA interests. The current effort is organized around four key areas: communications and data, sensors and cryogenics, propulsion and power, and space materials technology. Recently, laser ablated YBa2Cu3O(7-x) films on LaAIO produced far superior RF characteristics when compared to metallic films on the same substrate. This achievement has enabled a number of unique microwave device applications, such as low insertion loss phase shifters and high Q filters. Melt texturing and melt quenched techniques are being used to produce bulk materials with optimized magnetic properties. These yttrium enriched materials possess enhanced flux pinning characteristics and will lead to prototype cryocooler bearings. Significant progress has also occurred in bolometer and current lead technology. Studies are being conducted to evaluate the effect of high temperature superconducting materials on the performance and life of high power magneto-plasma-dynamic thrusters. Extended studies were also performed to evaluate the benefit of superconducting magnetic energy storage for LEO space station, lunar and Mars mission applications. The project direction and level of effort of the program are also described.
Detection of neuronal periodic oscillations in the basal ganglia of normal and parkinsonian monkeys. (1993)

A feature-extracting program for detecting and quantifying periodic oscillations in auto- and cross-correlograms is described. The program performs like an "expert system" for extracting and evaluating neuronal periodic oscillations. A series of parameters (oscillation frequency, number of repeated cycles, modulation depth, etc.) is calculated, and used for grading (0 to 10) the periodic activity. The program has been applied to single-unit records from the basal ganglia of normal and parkinsonian (MPTP treated) monkeys, and the results have confirmed its accuracy and advantages over other methods.
[Kinetics of vaccination antibodies against tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid, measles virus, poliomyelitis virus and pneumococcus after allogenic and autologous bone marrow transplantation and booster vaccination. 2: Kinetics of vaccination antibodies against diphtheria toxoid after allogenic and autologous bone marrow transplantation]. (1992)

In the second part of the paper we report on the results of the diphtheria antitoxin valuation of 8 children after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) with and without graft versus host disease (GvHD) as well as on the kinetics of the diphtheria antitoxin of 5 children after allogeneic BMT with and without GvHD and of 5 children after autologous transplantation. The antibody valuation was done by a cell-culture assay. Whereas the inspection of the isolated data gives the impression of a swift antibody decrease up to the non-protective level from the 7th month after BMT, the kinetic tests are more highly differentiated. Besides rapidly decreasing values below the accepted protection rate of 0.01 IU/ml in the allogeneic transplanted groups, there are patients with positive antibody titres within an observation period of up to 24 months after BMT in the allogeneic as well as in the autologous transplantation group.
Photoinactivation of the bovine heart mitochondrial F1-ATPase by [14C]dequalinium crosslinks phenylalanine-403 or phenylalanine-406 of an .alpha. subunit to a site or sites contained within residues 440-459 of a .beta. subunit (1993)

Synthesis of [14C]dequalinium, 1,1'-(1,10-[1,10-14C]decanediyl)bis[4-amino-2-methylquinolinium ], is described, which photoinactivates the bovine heart mitochondrial F1-ATPase (MF1). Maximal photoinactivation occurs on incorporation of about 1.5 mol of [14C]dequalinium/mol of MF1. Three radioactive species were resolved when photoinactivated enzyme was submitted to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 4.0 in the presence of tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, which correspond to the alpha and beta subunits and a cross-linked species with an M(r) of 116,000. Fractionation of a tryptic digest of photoinactivated enzyme by high-performance liquid chromatography led to isolation of a radioactive peptide which contains residues 399-420 of a alpha subunit. Two fragments containing equal amounts of radioactivity were obtained on fractionation of an endoproteinase Asp-N digest of the isolated radioactive tryptic peptide by high-performance liquid chromatography. Amino acid sequence analysis showed that both fragments contained residues 399-408 of the alpha subunit, but one was missing Phe-alpha 403 and the other was lacking Phe-alpha 406. Fractionation of a cyanogen bromide digest of photoinactivated enzyme followed by trypsin digestion of partially purified cyanogen bromide fragments and fractionation of the resulting radioactive tryptic fragments yielded several radioactive species comprised of residues 399-420 of the alpha subunit cross-linked to residues 440-459 of the beta subunit and a radioactive fragment containing residues 399-420 of the alpha subunit. Partial sequence analyses of the cross-linked fragments suggest that Phe-alpha 403 and Phe-alpha 406 participate in cross-links, whereas no information was obtained on the site or sites of cross-linking in the beta subunit fragment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ballistic assessment of a low-cost Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy (2003)

Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V, produced via a new low-cost Electron-Beam Cold-Hearth Single-Melt Process, was ballistic limit tested against 12.7 mm projectiles. A brief overview is given of the emergence of low-cost titanium as a real option for armour applications as well as the characteristics of the tested Electron-Beam Single-Melt Titanium. Simple plasticity-based analytical models are used to predict the ballistic limit for the non-deforming projectile case and to illustrate how important it is to understand the detail of target deformation and failure. The work provides essential background to future studies that will better characterise the ballistic deformation and damage in the target plate to further improve predictive modelling efforts
Donor heme oxygenase-1 genotype is associated with renal allograft function1 (2004)

Our data suggest an influence of the HO-1 gene promoter polymorphism on kidney allograft function and thus support previous studies indicating a protective effect of HO-1 induction in organ transplantation.
Natural killer activating receptors trigger interferon γ secretion from T cells and natural killer cells (1998)

Proliferation of human CD4+ alphabeta T cells expressing a natural killer cell activating receptor (NKAR) has been shown to be enhanced, particularly in response to low doses of antigen, if the target cells present appropriate human class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Here, we show that NKAR also enhance proliferation and killing of target cells by subsets of CD8+ alphabeta and CD8+ gammadelta T cells, as well as by NK cells. Strikingly, interferon gamma secretion from all of these types of lymphocytes was markedly increased by interaction of the NKAR with their MHC class I ligands, independently of enhancement of proliferation. Thus, the recognition of class I MHC molecules by NKAR on both T cells and NK cells may provide a regulatory mechanism that affects immune responses through the secretion of interferon gamma and possibly other cytokines. It represents a signal for cytokine secretion alternative and/or augmentative to that through the T cell receptor.
Transcription of bone and cartilage genes (2002)

Over the past few years, many of the transcription factors that control chondrogenesis and osteogenesis have been discovered and a pattern of transcription factor expression and activation is beginning to emerge that soon will clearly define the mechanisms that control the phenotype of the cell. As mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes or osteoblasts, a series of transcription factors is expressed that direct positive expression in the appropriate cells and repress expression in other cells. In chondrocytes, the necessary positive factors include members of the Sox family, Sox 9, L-Sox-5, and Sox 6, and in osteoblasts, the necessary positive factors are Osterix and Cbfa1/Runx2. Negative factors for chondrocytes are deltaEF-1, C/EBP, and CYRBP1. Many other positive and negative factors play accessory roles in development and in response to growth factors and will be discussed.
History of chemical engineering, William F. Furter, editor, advances in chemistry, series 190, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. (1980) 435 pages, $39.00. (1983)

No Abstract.
Theoretical studies of the influence of backflow on the dynamical behaviour of a Fredericks transition of a ferroelectric smectic C∗ liquid crystal in the bookshelf geometry (1993)

Abstract The elastic-hydrodynamic theory for the ferroelectric smectic C∗ phase is reviewed and the governing equations for the dynamical behaviour of a surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystalline cell are written down, taking the possibility of macroscopic mass flow in the system into account. The influence of backflow effects on the dynamical cell behaviour and a control parameter, determining whether backflow effects will be of importance or not, is derived. It is shown that when backflow effects are pronounced, the response time of the switching can be considerably decreased. Also, the shape of the c-director and velocity profiles across the cell are shown to be strongly dependent on the presence of backflow.
Complete 1H, 13C, and 15N Assignments and Secondary Structure of the GTPase Activating Domain of Gs (1995)

Complete 1H, 13C, and 15N assignments for backbone and side-chain atoms of the 145 residue GTPase activating domain of Gs are presented. The combination of gradient-enhanced versions of the HNCACB and CBCA(CO)NNH pulse sequences provided enough information to obtain sequential backbone assignments for residues 2-145 of the polypeptide, as well as assignments of asparagine and glutamine side-chain amides. HBHA(CO)NNH, HCCH-TOCSY, and 13C/15N NOESY-HSQC experiments yielded side-chain 1H and 13C assignments. Chemical shift data and 15N NOESY-HSQC experiments provided information on the secondary structure of the domain, which is similar to that observed in the cognate domain in transducin, a related G protein. The functionally essential C-terminal 15 residues are disordered in solution. These assignments provide a basis for determining the solution structure of the domain.
High and ultra-high b-value diffusion-weighted imaging in prostate cancer: a quantitative analysis (2014)

Whereas contrast in ADC maps does not significantly change with different b values, contrast ratios of DW images are significantly higher at b-values of 1500 and 2000 s/mm(2) in comparison to b values of 800 and 1000 s/mm(2). Therefore, diagnostic performance of DWI in prostate cancer might be increased by application of b values higher than 1000 s/mm(2).
Alcohol: Pharmacology and Disposition (2014)

Alcohol is the most common drug detected in forensic cases, is often associated with increased aggression and other disinhibitory behaviors in criminal matters, and frequently contributes to the cause of death in medical examiner cases. Significant adverse effects of alcohol generally manifest at blood alcohol concentrations above 100 mg/dL. In postmortem cases, a number of factors can affect the accuracy of the blood measurement, including site of sampling and putrefactive formation. This paper provides an overview of the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and interpretation of alcohol and its concentrations in key specimens, with application to forensic medical cases.
Tuning the Kondo effect with back and side gates - Application to carbon nanotube superconducting quantum interference devices and pi-junctions (2006)

We recently presented the first superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) with single-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) Josephson junctions [1: J. P. Cleuziou, W. Wernsdorfer, V. Bouchiat, T. Ondarcuhu and M. Monthioux, Nature Nanotech. 1, 53, (2006).], http://www.nature.com/nnano/journal/v1/n1/pdf/nnano.2006.54.pdf . We showed that quantum confinement in each junction induces a discrete quantum dot (QD) energy level structure, which can be controlled with two lateral electrostatic gates. In addition, a backgate electrode can vary the transparency of the QD barriers, thus permitting to change the hybridization of the QD states with the superconducting contacts. This technique is further illustrated in this additional supporting material where we show that the Kondo coupling for a given resonance can be continuously tuned by varying the backgate voltage. It allowed us to show [1] that CNT Josephson junctions can be used as gate-controlled pi-junctions, that is, the sign of the current-phase relation across the CNT junctions can be tuned with a gate voltage.
Huygens's clocks (2002)

The 336–year–old synchronization observations of Christiaan Huygens are re–examined in modern experiments. A simple model of synchronization is proposed.
[Methodology for assessment of renal function]. (2008)

A variety of methods for evaluation of renal function have been discovered, among which glomerular filtration rate (GFR) attracts much attention because of the major determinant of renal function. Recently, novel technique to evaluate glomerular filtration has been developed, including cystatin C, which reflects the changes in GFR at the earlier stage than serum creatinine. Furthermore, a progress has been made in evaluating tubular damage, with the discovery of N-acetyl glucosaminidase and liver-type fatty acid binding protein. More convenient and sensitive methods will be required to assess the changes in renal function in a clinical setting.