gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A commutative encrypted protocol for the privacy protection of watermarks in digital contents (2004)

Analysis by Forrester research revealed that 18% of global exports will flow online in 2004 and that the volume of e-commerce will surpass $400 billion. Digital rights protection is a major issue in the e-commerce of multimedia contents. Watermarking technology has been proposed as a promising enabling technology for the rights protection of multimedia digital contents. A unique watermark is embedded in each piece of multimedia contents before it is distributed to a customer. When unauthorized copies of a piece of contents are found, the customer who owns the contents can be readily identified by means of the embedded watermark. However, the unauthorized copies may also come from the content provider itself. It is therefore a challenging problem to determine whether an unauthorized copy is distributed by an unethical customer or by an unethical content provider. In this paper, we propose a watermarking protocol to address the problem using cryptographic technologies. Our protocol employs a commutative encryption algorithm to protect the privacy of watermarks. Information is doubly locked by two encryption keys kept separately by a customer and a content provider. In the protocol, a customer only gets a piece of watermarked multimedia contents in a transaction and the content provider has no idea how the watermark is formed. This facilitates the authority to determine the unethical party in case of unauthorized distribution of digital contents. We also discuss a couple of common attacks and show that our protocol can defend successfully against them.
Genetic and environmental factors affecting the allergenicity of birch (<i>Betula pubescens</i> ssp. <i>czerepanovii</i> [Orl.] Hämet‐Ahti) pollen (1998)

Our results show that both genetic and environmental factors have an effect on the amount of Bet v 1. This suggests that breeding for trees low in allergen content may be possible.
Experiences from testing of functionality and software of meters for electrical energy (1999)

The de-regulation of the electricity market in many European countries has increased the need for electricity meters with enhanced functionality. Both industrial and household customers are using the new types of meters. The dependability of the new technology has in some cases been discussed. The experiences from the evaluations carried out at SP Swedish National Testing and Research Institute for approximately 15 different electronic meters are that there are ways to test the functionality and the embedded software. The effort depends on the complexity of the system, the size of the code and the documentation available. All faults cannot be claimed to be detected, but that is not the objective. The aim must be to reach a certain level of confidence in the product, not to declare it fault-free. It is possible to design an electronic meter for electrical energy which will be accurate, withstand environmental disturbances, provide adequate safety against shock and fire, functioning according to specification, and dependability.
Mechanical and Battery-Stored Energy Systems for Meeting Uninterruptible and Buffered Electric Power Needs (1974)

Mechanical or battery-stored energy systems are used when an uninterruptible or buffered power system is required. Seven different types of systems available are described and compared.
eGFP Expression under<i>UCHL1</i>Promoter Genetically Labels Corticospinal Motor Neurons and a Subpopulation of Degeneration-Resistant Spinal Motor Neurons in an ALS Mouse Model (2013)

Understanding mechanisms that lead to selective motor neuron degeneration requires visualization and cellular identification of vulnerable neurons. Here we report generation and characterization of UCHL1-eGFP and hSOD1(G93A)-UeGFP mice, novel reporter lines for cortical and spinal motor neurons. Corticospinal motor neurons (CSMN) and a subset of spinal motor neurons (SMN) are genetically labeled in UCHL1-eGFP mice, which express eGFP under the UCHL1 promoter. eGFP expression is stable and continues through P800 in vivo. Retrograde labeling, molecular marker expression, electrophysiological analysis, and cortical circuit mapping confirmed CSMN identity of eGFP(+) neurons in the motor cortex. Anatomy, molecular marker expression, and electrophysiological analysis revealed that the eGFP expression is restricted to a subset of small-size SMN that are slow-twitch α and γ motor neurons. Crossbreeding of UCHL1-eGFP and hSOD1(G93A) lines generated hSOD1(G93A)-UeGFP mice, which displayed the disease phenotype observed in a hSOD1(G93A) mouse model of ALS. eGFP(+) SMN showed resistance to degeneration in hSOD1(G93A)-UeGFP mice, and their slow-twitch α and γ motor neuron identity was confirmed. In contrast, eGFP(+) neurons in the motor cortex of hSOD1(G93A)-UeGFP mice recapitulated previously reported progressive CSMN loss and apical dendrite degeneration. Our findings using these two novel reporter lines revealed accumulation of autophagosomes along the apical dendrites of vulnerable CSMN at P60, early symptomatic stage, suggesting autophagy as a potential intrinsic mechanism for CSMN apical dendrite degeneration.
Proatherosclerotic events: pathobiochemical changes occurring in the arterial wall before monocyte migration (1993)

The inception of experimentally induced atherogenesis is marked by subtle biochemical and ultrastructural changes of the arterial intima, modifications that precede the monocytes migration within the vessel wall. Long before any recognizable endothelial denudation, hypercholesterolemia induces a sequence of prelesional events that start with the enhanced transport of excess plasma lipoproteins especially by transcytosis, followed by intima accumulation of chemically (oxidatively) modified and reassembled lipoproteins (MRLp). Exposure of endothelial cells concomitantly to hypercholesterolemia on the luminal side, and to the MRLp cytotoxic effects on the abluminal side, generates endothelial dysfunctions with altered biosynthetic activities. The latter are manifested initially by the hyperplasia of basal lamina and its disjunction from endothelium, and by the proliferation and reorganization of a modified extracellular matrix that traps MRLp. The cytotoxic effects of MRLp contribute to the endothelial production of chemoattractants and adhesion molecules that are instrumental in monocyte recruitment and migration in the subendothelium, where activated and differentiated as macrophages, they avidly ingest MRLp and their complexes to form foam cells. The latter are the hallmark of fatty streaks that marks the transition from the prelesional to the lesional stage of atherogenesis. Understanding the earliest biochemical alterations of the artery wall is a prerequisite for designing more successful means of prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
1Application Support for Opportunistic Communication on Multiple Wireless Networks (2015)

Abstract — Many wireless network technologies are in use today. How-ever, each technology has to make a difficult but unavoidable tradeoff be-tween the area covered by a single access point and the capacity available to an individual user. Fortunately, current and future mobile devices are likely to come equipped with multiple wireless interfaces that can be used ei-ther singly or in parallel. By opportunistically using these multiple wireless interfaces a mobile device can mitigate the coverage-capacity tradeoff of the underlying networks. However, actually using multiple interfaces – re-quiring sessions to be maintained across interface switches, disconnections, and device shutdowns–is complex. Consequently, to be useful in practice, we believe that application writers need to be shielded from these details, while still exercising fine-grained control over network usage policies. In this paper we describe a system that allows applications running on a mo-bile device to seamlessly exploit multiple heterogeneous wireless networks. We have designed, implemented, and evaluated the performance of an Op-portunistic Connection Management Protocol (OCMP) that allows such applications to opportunistically communicate on multiple network inter-faces, switch across interfaces, aggregate their bandwidths, remain discon-nected or powered off for arbitrarily long periods, package and move their state across devices, and interoperate with legacy applications and servers. The implementation is in J2ME so that it can be run on any Java-based mobile device. Extensive policy control for interface selection is also pro-vided to applications, along with a very simple API for application devel-opers. This paper explains the design, architecture, and implementation of OCMP, and illustrates its benefits through both analysis and field experi-ments. Our results are encouraging and suggest that application support for multi-network opportunistic communication is both achievable in cur-rent systems, and of significant practical value. I.
Institutional reform: Life after 12 months of community living—A report on the Challinor project (2000)

For evaluating the diagnostic significance of p16(INK4A) over-expression in the uterine cervical intraepithelial neoplasm and in invasive carcinoma, human papillomavirus (HPV) was detected and genotyped by oligonucleotide microarray in archival tissues of 117 cervical specimens, including 47 invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), 30 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), 20 adenocarcinomas, and 20 cases of non-neoplastic cervix. The expression of p16(INK4A) protein was immunohistochemically studied in these cases and in five HPV-positive and one HPV-negative cervical cancer cell lines. HPV was detected in 50% of CIN, 61.7% of SCC, and 45.5% of adenocarcinomas. p16(INK4A) expression was seen in all 20 cases of adenocarcinoma, 78.7% (37/47) of SCC, and 96.7% (29/30) of CIN, but not in any cases of the non-neoplastic cervix. There was no difference in p16(INK4A) expression between the HPV-positive and HPV-negative cervical lesions. All HPV-positive and -negative cervical cancer cell lines expressed p16(INK4A) protein. In conclusion, the presence of p16(INK4A) expression in cervical squamous and glandular epithelium indicates the existence of dysplasia or malignancy in the uterine cervix, regardless of HPV infection.
The Vibrational Spectrum of the Hydronium Ion in Hydronium Perchlorate (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Vibrational Spectrum of the Hydronium Ion in Hydronium PerchlorateRobert C. Taylor and Guido L. VidaleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 23, 5999–6002Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01604a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01604a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views286Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A collaborative engineering environment for 21st century avionics (2002)

Collaborative engineering and virtual prototyping is the application of advanced distributed modeling and simulation and engineering tools in an integrated environment to support technology development, system design, performance, cost, and producibility trade-off analyses throughout the entire product and system engineering life cycle. The Sensors and Information Directorates, Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) have initiated a major effort to implement a Collaborative Engineering Environment (CEE) to provide the infrastructure and development methodology required for affordable and timely avionics for the 21st century warfighter. The CEE concept is a major cultural change in the technology development process that involves applying state-of-the-art simulation and information sharing technology to the way we do business. CEE enables partnerships among the laboratories, industry, and the warfighter to accelerate the development and transition of leading edge technology to the operational weapon systems.
Analysis of Web Alert Models (2009)

Web alerts are user-defined monitor conditions for public Internet information in which notification messages are sent to users whenever their alert conditions are met. The notification conditions are directly or indirectly and completely or partially based on public information available on the Internet such as news, stock prices, exchange rates, oil price, etc. In some alert services, the user can reuse this information to define alert conditions for some required interests in which mobile phone text messages, instant messages, or email alert messages are sent to them upon meeting the pre-specified alert conditions. This paper discusses currently available alert models and some research based proposed models. Then it provides a classification of these different Web alert models. This study also provides engineers and researchers with an overview of these models and their types then discusses several system design issues and challenges related to each alert model.
Arginine becomes an essential amino acid after massive resection of rat small intestine. (1994)

We compared effects of feeding arginine- and/or proline- deficient diets (-Arg, -Pro, and -Arg, Pro) with those of a complete diet (Complete) in rats whose small intestine had been massively resected. After 4 weeks, the rats fed -Arg and -Arg, Pro lost weight (a mean of 28 and 32 g, respectively), whereas those fed Complete and -Pro gained 80 and 58 g, respectively. The average nitrogen balance was about 117,100, -20 and -14 mg/day for Complete, -Pro, -Arg, and -Arg, Pro diets, respectively. The concentration of arginine in skeletal muscle was about 310, 330, 91, and 65 nmol/g for Complete, -Pro, -Arg, and -Arg, Pro, respectively; while plasma arginine concentration averaged 95, 107, 56, and 46 microM, respectively. The weight loss, the negative nitrogen balance, and the markedly reduced arginine concentration in the muscle observed in rats fed -Arg and -Arg, Pro clearly indicate that arginine becomes a strictly essential amino acid in the rats with massive resection of the small intestine. However, sufficient proline can be synthesized from arginine in tissues such as the liver and kidney in the absence of the small intestine. Plasma glutamine, citrulline in the muscle and plasma, urinary excretion of orotic acid and nitrate (to assess nitric oxide formation from arginine) were also measured, and the changes in these metabolites are discussed.
Requirement Analysis, Architectural Design and Formal Verification of a Multi-Agent Based University Information Management System (2014)

This paper presents an approach based on the analysis, design, and formal verification of a multi-agent based university Information Management System (IMS). University IMS accesses information, creates reports and facilitates teachers as well as students. An orchestrator agent manages the coordination between all agents. It also manages the database connectivity for the whole system. The proposed IMS is based on BDI agent architecture, which models the system based on belief, desire, and intentions. The correctness properties of safety and liveness are specified by First-order predicate logic.
Calcite and Aragonite Precipitation Under Controlled Instantaneous Supersaturation: Elucidating the Role of CaCO3 Saturation State and Mg/Ca Ratio on Calcium Carbonate Polymorphism (2009)

Abstract For many decades researchers have attempted to clarify the factors controlling the precipitation of calcium carbonate polymorphs and the incorporation of Mg into calcite precipitating in natural systems. In this study a novel experimental approach delineates the role of instantaneous supersaturation and solution Mg/Ca ratio in calcium carbonate mineralogy and composition. The results of this study show that in solutions with different Mg/Ca ratios, the transition between the aragonite and the calcite + aragonite precipitation fields is controlled by a combination of the saturation state of the solution with respect to CaCO3 and the Mg/Ca ratio in solution. The data show that for increasing solution Mg/Ca ratios, progressively higher supersaturation level is required for calcite precipitation. The predominance of aragonite at high solution Mg/Ca and low supersaturations is attributed to a relative decrease in calcite growth rates as a result of increasing incorporation of Mg2+ in the calcite lattice at higher solution Mg/Ca ratios. As suggested by abundant experimental work, increasing solution Mg/Ca decreases the growth rate of calcite while aragonite growth rates stay unaffected. Our experiments do demonstrate that despite decreased growth rate the percentage of MgCO3 in calcite increases with increasing solution Mg/Ca ratio. As calcite growth rates decrease, aragonite growth rates stay constant and it becomes the dominant mineral phase in solutions with high Mg/Ca ratio and low supersaturations. These findings are relevant to present-day mineralogical distributions in carbonate systems and might be the key to elucidate the environmental conditions responsible for mineralogic changes through geologic time. The observed dependence of calcium carbonate mineralogy on solution composition and supersaturation suggests that carbonate mineralogy is controlled by kinetics of growth.
Smoking‐Attributable Periodontitis in the United States: Findings From NHANES III (2000)

Based on findings from this study and numerous other reports, we conclude that smoking is a major risk factor for periodontitis and may be responsible for more than half of periodontitis cases among adults in the United States. A large proportion of adult periodontitis may be preventable through prevention and cessation of cigarette smoking.
Occurrence of diatomaceous earth near Kenai, Alaska (1956)

Page PLATE 3. Geologic map and section of diatomaceous earth deposits near Kenai, Alaska__________________________________ In pocket 4.4, View looking north from near south end of meadow underlain by diatomaceous earth; B, View of road cut in sea cliff showing diatomaceous earth, older lake deposits, and glaciofluvial outwash_______________--__-_______ Follows 2& 5, 6. Photomicrographs of diatoms from diatomaceous earth deposit near Kenai, Alaska____________________________ Follows 28 FIGURE 8. Index map of the Kenai area showing location of diatomaceous earth deposits--_
Betulinic Acid, a Natural Pentacyclic Triterpenoid, Prevents Abdominal Fat Accumulation in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet (2009)

In the search for potential antiobese agents from natural sources, this study investigated the effects of betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic triterpene from Clusia nemorosa L. (Clusiaceae), in mice on a high-fat diet (HFD). Adult male Swiss mice (n = 8) treated or not with BA (50 mg/L, in drinking water) were fed a HFD during 15 weeks. Mice treated with BA and fed a HFD showed significantly (P < 0.05) decreased body weights, abdominal fat accumulation, blood glucose, plasma triglycerides, and total cholesterol relative to their respective controls fed no BA. Additionally, BA treatment, while significantly elevating the plasma hormone levels of insulin and leptin, decreased the level of ghrelin. However, it caused a greater decrease in plasma amylase activity than the lipase. These findings suggest that BA has an antiobese potential through modulation of fat and carbohydrate metabolism, and it may be a suitable lead compound in the treatment of obesity.
Gene list 2001 for cucumber (2001)

This is the latest version of the gene list for cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Complete lists and updates of genes for have been published previously (Pierce and Wehner, 1989; Robinson et al., 1976; Robinson et al., 1982; Wehner, 1993; Wehner and Staub, 1997). For the first time, this list includes genes that have been cloned from different plant tissues of cucumber. The genes on the 2001 list are of ten categories as follows: seedling markers, stem mutants, leaf mutants, flower mutants, fruit type mutants, fruit color mutants, resistance genes (mostly to diseases), protein (isozyme) variants, DNA (RFLPs and RAPDs) markers (Table 1), and cloned genes (Table 2).
Bacteria and Actinomycetes Antogonistic to Fungal Root Pathogens in Australian Soils (1971)

Techniques are described which make possible the large.scale isolation and screening of potential antagonists to fungal root pathogens. Sixty selected soils from five States have been sampled. Of more than 3500 isolates tested, about 40% inhibited one or more of nine pathogens on agar, and about 4% were effective in soil; a lower percentage might be effective under commercial conditions. Such large. scale methods are essential to success.
A parametric fitting algorithm for segmentation of cell images (1998)

This paper presents a parametric fitting algorithm for segmentation of cervical and breast cell images from cytology smears. A parametric elliptical model for cells is introduced and the parameters adjusted to fit the cell shapes while minimizing a cost function. Segmentation results of noisy human cervical cell and textured breast cell images demonstrate that the proposed parametric fitting algorithm is very successful in segmentation of images of both nonoverlapped and overlapped elliptically shaped cells.
Mobile Location with NLOS Identification and Mitigation Based on Modified Kalman Filtering (2011)

In order to enhance accuracy and reliability of wireless location in the mixed line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environments, a robust mobile location algorithm is presented to track the position of a mobile node (MN). An extended Kalman filter (EKF) modified in the updating phase is utilized to reduce the NLOS error in rough wireless environments, in which the NLOS bias contained in each measurement range is estimated directly by the constrained optimization method. To identify the change of channel situation between NLOS and LOS, a low complexity identification method based on innovation vectors is proposed. Numerical results illustrate that the location errors of the proposed algorithm are all significantly smaller than those of the iterated NLOS EKF algorithm and the conventional EKF algorithm in different LOS/NLOS conditions. Moreover, this location method does not require any statistical distribution knowledge of the NLOS error. In addition, complexity experiments suggest that this algorithm supports real-time applications.