gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Astrophysical implications of periodicity (1988)

Two remarkable discoveries of the last decade have profound implications for astrophysics and for geophysics. These are the discovery by Alvarez et al., that certain mass extinctions are caused by the impact on the earth of a large asteroid or comet, and the discovery by Raup and Sepkoski that such extinctions are periodic, with a cycle time of 26 to 30 million years. The validity of both of these discoveries is assumed and the implications are examined. Most of the phenomena described depend not on periodicity, but just on the weaker assumption that the impacts on the earth take place primarily in showers. Proposed explanations for the periodicity include galactic oscillations, the Planet X model, and the possibility of Nemesis, a solar companion star. These hypotheses are critically examined. Results of the search for the solar companion are reported. The Deccan flood basalts of India have been proposed as the impact site for the Cretaceous impact, but this hypotheisis is in contradiction with the conclusion of Courtillot et al., that the magma flow began during a period of normal magnetic field. A possible resolution of this contradiction is proposed.
[Failure factors in X-ray computed tomography-guided biopsy of pulmonary lesions: analysis of 103 consecutive biopsies]. (1995)

Small lesion size, long skin- and chest wall-lesion distances are significant predictive failure factors. Long chest wall-lesion distance is significantly correlated with the complication rate for pneumothorax.
MRISIMUL: A GPU-Based Parallel Approach to MRI Simulations (2014)

A new step-by-step comprehensive MR physics simulator (MRISIMUL) of the Bloch equations is presented. The aim was to develop a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) simulator that makes no assumptions with respect to the underlying pulse sequence and also allows for complex large-scale analysis on a single computer without requiring simplifications of the MRI model. We hypothesized that such a simulation platform could be developed with parallel acceleration of the executable core within the graphic processing unit (GPU) environment. MRISIMUL integrates realistic aspects of the MRI experiment from signal generation to image formation and solves the entire complex problem for densely spaced isochromats and for a densely spaced time axis. The simulation platform was developed in MATLAB whereas the computationally demanding core services were developed in CUDA-C. The MRISIMUL simulator imaged three different computer models: a user-defined phantom, a human brain model and a human heart model. The high computational power of GPU-based simulations was compared against other computer configurations. A speedup of about 228 times was achieved when compared to serially executed C-code on the CPU whereas a speedup between 31 to 115 times was achieved when compared to the OpenMP parallel executed C-code on the CPU, depending on the number of threads used in multithreading (2-8 threads). The high performance of MRISIMUL allows its application in large-scale analysis and can bring the computational power of a supercomputer or a large computer cluster to a single GPU personal computer.
Primary production in wetlands (1999)

The chapter is the result of co-operation between the authors. J. Květ and D.F. Westlake wrote much of the text, with the help of the contributors. The contributors researched or wrote the major part of: indirect methods, and structure and function of the assimilating organs, J.P. Ondok; quality of net production, genotypic variation and adaptations, Dagmar Dykyjová; comparisons of standing crop and productivity, E.J.P. Marshall.
Non‐mammalian and environmental sentinels in human health: “Back to the future?”; (1997)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKey words: environmental sentinelsalternative modelsnon‐mammalian test
A system for ECG synchronised gamma camera studies (1980)

In some dynamic cardiac studies it is advantagous to synchronise data acquisition with the patient's heart cycle. A system for achieving this is described. It was designed specifically for use with a General Electric Radicamera II and Nuclear Data Med II image processor but could easily be adapted to other installations with similar operating systems. The image processor consists of a twelve bit minicomputer with a disc operating system and disc and magnetic tape storage facilities. The processor is controlled from either a visual display unit or a teletype and acquired data are viewed on a display oscilloscope. Two modes of data acquisition are provided.
Improved Luminescence Properties and Thermal Stability of ZnS Quantum Dots by Organic and Inorganic Passivation (2002)

ZnS quantum dots (QDs) synthesized in water and ethanol solutions were coated with polystyrene (PS) and SiO2 shells, respectively. The band edge emission was enhanced by nearly five times after PS coating and by about thirteen times after SiO2 coating, because the surface trap states were removed. From the photoluminescence properties of ZnS QDs coated with PS and SiO2 shells we have detected the improvement of thermal stability. This is due to the fact that the surface passivation can prevent the further growth of the ZnS QDs and the diffusion of oxygen on the surface of ZnS QDs during thermal oxidation.
The Rice<i>Tapetum Degeneration Retardation</i>Gene Is Required for Tapetum Degradation and Anther Development (2006)

In flowering plants, tapetum degeneration is proposed to be triggered by a programmed cell death (PCD) process during late stages of pollen development; the PCD is thought to provide cellular contents supporting pollen wall formation and to allow the subsequent pollen release. However, the molecular basis regulating tapetum PCD in plants remains poorly understood. We report the isolation and characterization of a rice (Oryza sativa) male sterile mutant tapetum degeneration retardation (tdr), which exhibits degeneration retardation of the tapetum and middle layer as well as collapse of microspores. The TDR gene is preferentially expressed in the tapetum and encodes a putative basic helix-loop-helix protein, which is likely localized to the nucleus. More importantly, two genes, Os CP1 and Os c6, encoding a Cys protease and a protease inhibitor, respectively, were shown to be the likely direct targets of TDR through chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses and the electrophoretic mobility shift assay. These results indicate that TDR is a key component of the molecular network regulating rice tapetum development and degeneration.
A comparison of systolic time intervals measured by impedance cardiography and carotid pulse tracing. (1990)

The purpose of this study was to compare the systolic time intervals (STI) obtained by impedance cardiography and by the conventional carotid technique. This comparison was done with respect to: 1) correlations between variables obtained by the two methods, 2) ability to reflect drug-induced changes, 3) reliability in terms of reproducibility and 4) heart rate dependency of the variables measured. The study included 25 unmedicated patients with ischaemic heart disease and 36 healthy subjects. We obtained significant correlations between STI-variables measured by the two methods (p less than 0.001) and found that left ventricular ejection times were longer when determined by the carotid technique (p less than 0.01). We found a significant correlation between drug-induced changes in STI-variables measured by the two methods (p less than 0.001). Both methods had a high degree of reproducibility and this parameter was significantly better within the same day, when impedance cardiography was used (p less than 0.01). The error due to the reading of STI-tracings obtained by impedance cardiography was very small when performed by the same observer. We found the pre-ejection period to be independent upon heart rate, while the left ventricular ejection time depended upon this parameter. We conclude that impedance cardiography and carotid technique differ with respect to the measurement of left ventricular ejection times, but not with respect to the measurement of other STI-variables. We furthermore conclude that both methods are reliable, but we recommend the use of impedance cardiography because it is easier to apply, it may be more precise and it can be used for simultaneous measurements of other haemodynamic variables.
Effects of silane coupling agents on the vulcanization characteristics of natural rubber (2004)

Abstract The vulcanization characteristics of silica‐filled natural rubber (NR) were studied in the presence of silane coupling agents, 3‐octanoylthio‐1‐propyltriethoxysilane (NXT) and bis [(3‐triethoxysilylpropyl) tetra sulfide] (TESPT, or Si‐69). The scorch time, cure rate index, and the rate constant of NR were measured using an Oscillating Disk Rheometer in the temperature range of 140–170°C. The scorch time of NR decreases with increasing TESPT and NXT concentrations, and the scorch time of NR compound with NXT is longer than that with TESPT. The apparent activation energies of vulcanization for the compounds with NXT and TESPT both decrease with increasing silane concentration. The apparent activation energy of vulcanization of NR compound with NXT is lower than that with TESPT at various concentrations. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 1511–1518, 2004
Of State, Market and Justice: Latcritical Challenges to Theory, Praxis and Policy (2010)

Anticipating the election of the first non-white male
Serial Prostatic Biopsies in Men with Persistently Elevated Serum Prostate Specific Antigen Values (1994)

The objective of this study was to determine the need for repeat prostatic biopsies in men whose initial biopsy results revealed no evidence of cancer or atypia. We evaluated 1,136 men who underwent 1 or more prostatic biopsies in a longitudinal prostate specific antigen (PSA) based prostate cancer screening study that called for biopsy if the serum PSA level was greater than 4.0 ng./ml. (Hybritech assay) and findings on rectal examination or ultrasonography were abnormal or suspicious for cancer. Of the 1,136 men who underwent prostatic biopsy 391 (34%) had prostate cancer on the initial biopsy. Of 427 men who had negative initial biopsy results, a persistent serum PSA level of greater than 4.0 ng./ml. and abnormal rectal or ultrasound examination findings 82 (19%) had cancer on biopsy 2. Of 203 men with persistent abnormalities 16 (8%) had cancer on biopsy 3 and 6 of 91 (7%) had cancer on biopsy 4 or later. Thus, 96% of the cancers were detected through either biopsy 1 or 2. The median initial PSA level, followup PSA levels and the yearly rate of change in PSA were significantly greater in men whose cancer was detected compared with those of men whose cancer was not detected (6.4 versus 5.4 ng./ml., 7.4 versus 6.6 ng./ml. and 1.1 versus 0.7 ng./ml. per year, respectively). There was a trend for a higher percentage of tumors detected through serial screening to be pathologically organ confined with those detected through initial screening (73% versus 62%, p = 0.07). We conclude that men with a persistently elevated serum PSA value after an initial negative prostatic biopsy should routinely undergo at least 1 repeat biopsy to exclude adequately the presence of detectable prostate cancer.
Effects of inhaled substance P on airway responsiveness to methacholine in asthmatic subjects in vivo (1994)

We tested the hypothesis that the inhaled tachykinin substance P (SP) can induce hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in asthmatic subjects in vivo. Nine atopic nonsmoking asthmatic males with normal forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1; > 80% predicted) and increased methacholine sensitivity [provocative concn causing 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20) < 8 mg/ml] participated in a two-period placebo-controlled crossover study. Dose-response curves to SP (0.25-8 mg/ml) and placebo were recorded on 2 randomized days at least 1 wk apart, and methacholine tests were done 24 h before and 2 and 24 h after these challenges. The responses were measured by FEV1 (%fall from baseline). The position of the methacholine dose-response curves was expressed by the PC20 FEV1 and by the maximal response by the plateau level (MFEV1). SP caused a dose-dependent fall in FEV1 (P < 0.001). There was a slight increase in the PC20 FEV1 at 2 and 24 h, which was not significantly different between placebo and SP. Similarly, there was a reduction in MFEV1 at 2 h after both pretreatments. However, at 24 h after SP inhalation, MFEV1 increased compared with placebo. These changes in MFEV1 were significantly different between SP and placebo by 5.2 +/- 2.2% fall (SE) (P < 0.05). We conclude that 1) a bronchoconstrictive dose of SP, compared with placebo, enhances maximal airway narrowing to methacholine in asthma 24 h after inhalation and 2) tolerance develops to high doses of inhaled methacholine. These findings are suggestive of a role of SP in causing excessive airway narrowing in asthma by inflammatory mechanisms.
An alternate approach to developing a total celebrity endorser rating model using the analytic hierarchy process (2003)

Abstract Using the analytic hierarchy process to develop an overall rating of a celebrity is a new approach to enhance procedures such as the Q‐Rating currently in practice. The Q‐rating approach has received criticism on its usefulness because it essentially only considers familiarity and likeability of the celebrity. Using the AHP model approach allows users to input judgments as to how they feel about one celebrity compared to another with a specific set of criteria in mind. The model is an improvement over the Q‐rating system because it includes a more complete set of attributes and, more importantly, has the ability to capture and analyse trade‐offs among those attributes. Another improvement is that as situations change or evolve, the model can be easily updated to capture new information. This allows for celebrities' ratings to change over time and be more accurate given all available information.
The nanodisc: a novel tool for membrane protein studies (2009)

A major challenge in the research on membrane-anchored and integral membrane protein complexes is to obtain these in a functionally active, water-soluble, and monodisperse form. This requires the incorporation of the membrane proteins into a native-like membrane or detergent micelle that mimics the properties of the original biological membrane. However, solubilization in detergents or reconstitution in liposomes or supported monolayers sometimes suffers from loss of activity and problematic analyses due to heterogeneity and aggregation. A developing technology termed nanodiscs exploits discoidal phospholipid bilayers encircled by a stabilizing amphipatic helical membrane scaffold protein to reconstitute membranes with integral proteins. After reconstitution, the membrane nanodisc is soluble, stable, and monodisperse. In the present review, we outline the biological inspiration for nanodiscs as discoidal high-density lipoproteins, the assembly and handling of nanodiscs, and finally their diverse biochemical applications. In our view, major advantages of nanodisc technology for integral membrane proteins is homogeneity, control of oligomerization state, access to both sides of the membrane, and control of lipids in the local membrane environment of the integral protein.
Direct Organocatalytic Asymmetric Aldol Reactions of α-Amino Aldehydes:  Expedient Syntheses of Highly Enantiomerically Enriched <i>a</i><i>nti</i>-β-Hydroxy-α-amino Acids (2004)

[reaction: see text] A simple and efficient method for the synthesis of highly enantiomerically enriched beta-hydroxy-alpha-amino acid derivatives has been developed. Direct asymmetric aldol reactions of a glycine aldehyde (aminoacetaldehyde) derivative have been performed under organocatalysis using l-proline or (S)-5-pyrrolidine-2-yl-1H-tetrazole. The reactions afforded anti-beta-hydroxy-alpha-amino aldehydes in good yield with high diastereoselectivity (dr up to >100:1) and high enantioselectivity (up to >99.5% ee), which were easily transformed into beta-hydroxy-alpha-amino acid derivatives.
Tell the public why you do what you do. (1978)

President Roosevelt is watching as men representing the coal miners and operators walk out opposite doors. Uncle Sam stands behind Roosevelt. The cartoon is regarding the presidential conference on the coal strike.
Substituent chemical shifts of <i>N</i>‐arylsuccinanilic acids, <i>N</i>‐arylsuccinimides, <i>N</i>‐arylmaleanilic acids, and <i>N</i>‐arylmaleimides (2009)

NMR spectra of a series of N-arylsuccinanilic acids, N-arylsuccinimides, N-arylmaleanilic acids, and N-arylmaleimides were examined to estimate the electronic effect of the amide and imide groups on the chemical shifts of the hydrogen and carbon nuclei of the benzene ring.
Editors' Notes (1996)

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Outliers handling in the structure-from-motion algorithm (2014)

Structure from motion (SfM) is an important task in computer vision. Nowadays, most SfM algorithms are based on feature points, while the outliers from the feature points extraction will limit the accuracy of the SfM algorithms. To eliminate outliers, the RANSAC-style methods are widely used but they have high time complexity. In this paper, a soft-weight-assign method is proposed for the iterative SfM methods to handle outliers. Simulation and experimental results show that the effect of outliers can be strongly reduced by the proposed soft-weight-assign method.
Probability of Detecting Aircraft Targets (1972)

The statistics of aircraft radar cross section (RCS) are estimated by fitting members of the chi-square family of distributions to empirical distributions obtained from blocks of RCS data, each block of data corresponding to a particular aircraft azimuth aspect. The parameters of the fitted distributions vary with azimuth aspect angle, type of aircraft, and radar frequency. Detection probabilities based on the estimated statistics are calculated and compared with detection probabilities based on Rayleigh statistics. This comparison indicates that the average value of radar cross section has much more effect on probability of detection than the normalized variance of RCS, and in the usual situation tends to mask the effect of the normalized variance on probability of detection.
Living‐related liver transplantation for Crigler–Najjar syndrome in Saudi Arabia (2002)

Crigler-Najjar syndrome type I is a relatively common disease in Saudi Arabia for which LRLT is a curative treatment when performed at an early age before the development of kernicterus and neurological deficiency. In countries where there is a severe shortage of cadaveric organs, as is the case in Saudi Arabia, LRLT is the optimum treatment modality for this syndrome.
Cellulose and wood : chemistry and technology : biogenesis and structure of cellulose, the cellulose-water system, chemistry of cellulose and wood, surface chemistry of wood and paper, cellulosic membranes : proceedings of the Tenth Cellulose Conference (1989)

Partial table of contents: SYMPOSIUM ON THE CELLULOSE STRUCTURE AND ITS CHARACTERIZATION. An X-Ray Fiber Diffraction Study of Ramie Cellulose I (R. Millane, et al.). Computer Models of Cellulose (A. French). SYMPOSIUM ON THE CELLULOSE-WATER SYSTEM. Studies on the Water Vapor Sorption Hysteresis of Viscose Rayon and of Chemically Modified Viscose Rayon (S. Zeronian & M. Kim). Volume Contraction of the Cellulose-Water System (B. Alince). SYMPOSIUM ON THE BIOGENESIS OF CELLULOSE. The Nascent Structure of Bacterial Cellulose (A. Kai, et al.). Cellulosic Cell Walls of Red Algae (M. Gretz & C. Vollmer). GENERAL PAPERS. Mechanisms of Formation of the Major Volatile Products from the Pyrolysis of Cellulose (M. Essig, et al.). Oxidative Modification of Cellulose by Ozone (M. Godsay & M. Lewin). SYMPOSIUM ON CELLULOSE MEMBRANES. Cellulose Blends with Synthetic Polymers--High Performance Membranes (J. Cabasso). SYMPOSIUM ON THE SURFACE CHEMISTRY OF CELLULOSE, WOOD, AND LIGNIN. Surface Chemistry of Oxidized Wood (D. Hon). Considerations in the Continuous Monitoring of Charge in Cellulosic Fiber Systems (A. Springer & M. Kumar).
Identity Emulation (IE) Bio-inspired Facial Expression Interfaces for Emotive Robots (2002)

Our facial expression robots use biomimetic structures, aesthetic design principles, and recent breakthroughs in elastomer material sciences to enact a sizable range of natural humanlike facial expressions. Applications of this class of human-robot interface devices will rise in relevance as humans and robots begin to have more sociable encounters in the coming years. The Identity Emulation project also seeks to imbue these robots with several forms of interactive intelligence, including human-form and facial-expression recognition, and natural language interaction. It is anticipated that a multi-modal integration of mechanics, sociable intelligence, and design aesthetics will yield the most effective Human Computer Interface robots. 1.
Creating a Web Site in Dreamweaver CS4: Visual QuickProject Guide (2007)

Dreamweaver has been the tool of choice for professional Web site designers for years. And since it became part of the Adobe Creative Suite, even more users, including beginning Web designers, have turned to it to start creating Web sites. This book is for those beginnersall the people who are itching to design their very first Web site but dont want to learn every last Dreamweaver feature to do so. This full-color guide offers them the quickest way to create a well-designed, user-friendly Web site! Each short chapter uses big, bold screen shots and step-by-step instructions to illuminate one aspect of this process. By the end of the book, users will create a simple Web site, fill it with text, graphics and tables, use style sheets, create image maps, add navigation and links, and test and publish the final product. Timely tips and sidebars detailing good design practices round out the book. Adobe Dreamweaver CS4 is available in several Adobe Creative Suite CS4 packages or it can be purchased separately. For customers who already own Dreamweaver CS3, Dreamweaver 8, or Dreamweaver MX 2004, there is special upgrade pricing.
[Mechanism of morphine-induced suppression of central nervous system blood flow]. (1983)

Narcotic agonists such as morphine are well known to decrease cerebral blood flow and metabolism. To investigate a possible mechanism for this action of narcotics, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) were simultaneously measured by the hydrogen clearance technique following intravenous or subarachnoid administration of morphine and subsequent naloxone in lightly anesthetized dogs. The effects of new opiate agonist + antagonists, cyclazocine and buprenorphine, alone or in a combination with naloxone on those CNS blood flow were also investigated. Morphine, 1 mg/kg iv, produced significant decreases in both CBF and SCBF (p less than 0.01), which were reversed by naloxone, 40 micrograms/kg. Naloxone per se did not produce any change in both. Cyclazocine, 50 micrograms/kg iv, also produced significant decreases in both CBF and SCBF (p less than 0.05), but the decreased CBF was not reversed by naloxone. Buprenorphine, 30 micrograms/kg, showed variable changes in both CBF and SCBF, resulted insignificant reduction. However, spinal subarachnoid administration of morphine, 0.2 mg, with which profound analgesia can be obtained in human adults, did not cause any changes in SCBF as well as CBF. These results suggest that narcotic analgesics affect SCBF similar to CBF and morphine decreases CNS blood flow via the activation of supraspinal opiate receptors.