gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wettability and adhesion studies of grafted poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) fiber surfaces (1992)

Matrix-specific chemical modification of the poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) [PPTA] fiber surfaces was carried out with the aim of enhancing adhesion, through covalent bonding, to selected thermoset matrix resins such as vinyl ester, unsaturated polyester and epoxy. Using a two-step grafting method [1], vinyl and epoxy groups were grafted onto PPTA fiber surfaces. The physical changes in the fiber surface were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and surface area measurement, and the chemical changes due to grafting were monitored by contact angle measurement and neutron activation analysis. The change in interfacial shear strength due to the surface grafting was measured by means of a single fiber pullout test. The results show a nearly twofold increase in the interfacial shear strength due to vinyl terminated grafts in the case of PPTA/ vinyl ester and PPTA/polyester composites. PPTA fibers containing the epoxy functionality on the surface had enhanced adhesion to epoxy matrix resin.
Protection of Soldiers’ Feet by Copper Oxide Impregnated Socks (2013)

Soldiers’ fungal and bacterial infections, especially in their feet, cause significant reduction in their performance. Copper has potent antifungal and antibacterial properties. Copper is also an essential trace element vital for the normal function of skin and wound healing. Socks containing copper oxide particles, such as socks designed to protect the feet of diabetic individuals, are commercially available in many countries. This article describes the results of a trial conducted with 53 soldiers undergoing intensive basic training. The soldiers used the socks with copper oxide daily for a period of three weeks. At the end of the trial the vast majority of soldiers reported a notorious reduction in their feet skin irritation, itching, and dryness and reduction in foot and sock odour. Reduced foot infection and discomfort improves the soldiers’ physical and mental health, increases productiveness and decreases medical treatment costs and days lost for treatment. For these reasons, and in view of the results of this trial, socks containing copper oxide particles may be an important part of every soldiers’ arsenal of personal equipment.
Phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Haritaki - A review (2010)

Haritaki (Terminalia chebula) family Combretaceae is important plant used traditionally for medicinal purposes. It is component of the classic Ayurvedic combination called “Triphala”. The important active constituents are hydrolysable tannins, chebulagic acid, chebulinic acid and corilagin. Animal model studies indicate potent antibacterial activity, antifungal activity, anti-carcinogenic activity, antioxidant activity, hypocholesterolemic activity, antispasmodic activity. However clinical studies showed antibacterial activity, anti-inflammatory activity, cardio protective activity. This paper explains the Evidence-based information regarding the phytochemistry and pharmacological activity of this plant.
A smart antennas scheme based on 2-dimensional searching of beams and channels and its performance analysis (2003)

We propose a switched-beam smart antennas scheme which is based on the 2-dimensional searching of beams and channels, and analyze the signal to interference (SIR) performance of the system uplink when employing the scheme. The proposed scheme has a better performance compared with the traditional scheme of 1-dimensional singular searching of the beams and channels. It accords with the development of smart antennas in future mobile communication systems.
The Metabolization of Dunes and Wetlands by the City of Veracruz, Mexico (2006)

Mexico's principal port on the Gulf is expanding over a field of dunes, leveling many, surrounding and often obliterating inter-dunal wetlands, and also encroaching on wetlands in the neighboring floodplain. This study contextualizes the advance demographically and environmentally; it traces change, persistence and paradox in the evaluation of wetlands. The enlargement of the port's installations and new commercial facilities are the dramatic, obvious elements of the expansion of Veracruz; less appreciated are the residential dynamics which will be emphasized here. We identify two main salients of the advance and their structural and socio-economic concomitants. The metaphor of metabolization is used to enrich the characterization of the process and to highlight its vitality. The city is still seen by its own planners as rather malignant; it has not had the more even-handed "biography" it merits. Mexico still has not seen a really significant reevaluation of wetlands as important resources per se, nor has it achieved the deceleration of wetland obliteration achieved elsewhere, especially in the U.S. Ecological consciousness is nascent in the city, but institutional stimulation and control are still only partial. Our study is a contribution toward urban environmental history but is also intended to raise awareness of the magnitude, pace and consequences of the obliteration of wetlands in Mexico. El puerto principal de México está extendiéndose sobre un campo de dunas, nivelando muchos de ellas y obliterando muchos de los humedales intermedios. Además está invadiendo humedales colindantes en la planicie aluvial que rodea el campo de dunas. Este estudio contextualiza la expansión demográficamente en relación al ambiente físico; traza también el cambio mismo, y la persistencia y paradoja en la evaluación de los humedales. Los elementos más dramáticos y obvios de la expansión son las instalaciones del puerto y los centros comerciales. Menos apreciada es la dinámica de las zonas residenciales, la cual recibirá énfasis en el presente estudio. Identificamos dos vertientes principales, con sus concomitantes estructurales y socioeconómicas. Nos servimos de la metáfora de metabolización para enriquecer el deslinde del avance y hacer más notable su vitalidad. Sus propios ordenadores ven la ciudad como un organismo medio maligno. Aunque mucho se ha escrito sobre la ciudad todavía no ha recibido la "biografía" que merece – una bien pensada y comprensiva historia ambiental. En el país todavía no hay una verdadera reevaluación de los humedales como un recurso en sí, ni vemos la deceleración de la obliteración de humedales que se han logrado en los Estados Unidos y en varios países de Europa. En Veracruz se nota una conciencia ecológica creciente, pero los estímulos institucionales y el control del uso del terreno y del agua son tentativos. Nuestro estudio sirve como una contribución a la historia ambiental de ciudades latinoamericanas y pretende elevar la conciencia de la magnitud, el incesante ritmo y las consecuencias de la obliteración de humedales en México.
A spatial thresholding method for image segmentation (1988)

Several model-based algorithms for threshold selection are presented, concentrating on the two-population univariate case in which an image contains an object and background. It is shown how the main ideas behind two important nonspatial thresholding algorithms follow from classical discriminant analysis. Novel thresholding algorithms that make use of available local/spatial information are then given. It is found that an algorithm using alternating mean thresholding and median filtering provides an acceptable method when the image is relatively highly contaminated, and seems to depend less on initial values than other procedures. The methods are also applicable to multispectral k-population images.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sensitivity kernels for shear wave splitting in transverse isotropic media (2003)

A R Y Shear wave splitting observations are often used to constrain upper-mantle anisotropy. However, their interpretation, which is still controversial, always implicitly relies on geometric ray theory. This high-frequency approximation does not take the finite frequency of the shear wavefield into account. In this paper, the effects of transverse isotropic perturbations of the elastic parameters on shear wave splitting are investigated. The theory, based on the first-order Born approximation, allows the derivation of 2-D and 3-D Frchet or sensitivity kernels for a new seismic observable called the splitting intensity. It is shown that the splitting intensity measured at the surface can be written to first order as a weighted average of two anisotropic perturbation parameters c and s related to the anisotropic parameter introduced by Mensch & Rasolofosaon. We also demonstrate, using a stationary-phase approximation, that the volume integral of the sensitivity kernels for a homogeneous transverse isotropic medium leads to the ray theoretical prediction for the splitting intensity. A numerical experiment on a twoblock model demonstrates that lateral variations of anisotropy in the upper mantle introduce complicated and counterintuitive effects on shear wave splitting observed at the surface.
Fluid Flow Modulates Vascular Endothelial Cytosolic Calcium Responses to Adenine Nucleotides (1994)

These findings suggest that local hemodynamic conditions may modulate the action of vasoactive agents on the vascular endothelium in vivo.
Transporters and Their Impact on Drug Disposition (2005)

Human transporters contribute significantly to the pharmacokinetic disposition of drugs. Knowledge of substrates, inducers, and inhibitors of these transporters is necessary to ensure optimal patient outcomes.
Integrated optic series and multibranch interferometers (1985)

Series and multibranch interferometer filters are analyzed and demonstrated. The response of the interferometers for various configurations is estimated. Measured results are presented for two series interferometers and a three branch interferometer realized with Ti indiffused waveguides in Y-cut LiNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> .
Single-Layer MoS<sub>2</sub> with Sulfur Vacancies: Structure and Catalytic Application (2014)

Single-layer MoS2 is proving to be a versatile material for a wide variety of electronic, optical, and chemical applications. Sulfur depletion, without destabilization of the single layer, is considered a prudent way for making the basal plane of the layer catalytically active. Based on the results of our density-functional-theory examination of vacancy structures on one side of an MoS2 layer, we show that the formation energy per sulfur vacancy is the lowest (energetically favorable) when the vacancies form a row and that the longer the row, the lower the formation energy. In addition, we find that the lowest energy barrier for the diffusion of sulfur vacancy at the row structures through the exchange of a vacancy with a nearby sulfur atom is 0.79 eV and that this barrier increases as the row elongates. We also evaluate the propensity for catalytic activity of an MoS2 layer with two types of sulfur-vacancy structures (row and patch) and find the energetics for alcohol synthesis from syngas to be more favorable for the layer with a sulfur-vacancy patch.
Incorporating Customer Experience Management Concepts within your Executive MBA Program (2013)

The primary thesis of this research is to illustrate the importance of Customer Experience Management (CEM) and why CEM principles must be rig-orously applied to the successful management and execution of Executive MBA
Identifying Users' Interest Similarity Based on Clustering Hot Vertices in Social Networks (2014)

Identifying users' similarity is a very important researching point because its result can be applied to many application systems. In social networks, the user circles are built not only based on their relationships in real-life, but also on common interests. Some existing approaches cannot fully capture users' similarity from the perspective of their common interests, while some other approaches are too time-consuming or space-consuming. In this paper, we propose a method of identifying users' interest similarity based on clustering Hot Vertices (HotV). A hot vertex in a social network is an account which has a large number of fans. The approach extracts users' common interests by mining and clustering the hot vertices that the two users are following simultaneously. Both the experiment and theoretical analysis have proved that the proposed approach makes a significant improvement on the precision of similarity measuring with a relatively low time and space complexity.
CD variation in 30-kV EBL due to resist heating: experiment and simulation (1997)

Distortion of critical dimension (CD) is an important problem in electron beam lithography. Two main reasons for the distortions are proximity effects and resist heating. The influence of both these factors is examined for a 30 kV variably shaped electron beam lithography system. A change of linewidth with exposure dose was experimentally measured at variable exposure conditions of a pattern. In this way, the influence of resist heating was varied while electron scattering was constant. A simulation method was developed that allows one to take into account the contribution of proximity effects and resist heating to a linewidth change. An advanced model of resist heating was used for simulation. This method can be used to predict CD change. A technique for determination of a heat-to-dose transfer coefficient was proposed.
Expression of Interleukin-4 in Scleroderma Skin Specimens and Scleroderma Fibroblast Cultures (1996)

<h3>Background:</h3> Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) is a fibrotic disease characterized by an uncontrolled tissular accumulation of collagen. Several cytokines have been implicated in the fibroblast activation leading to fibrosis. For instance, we have previously demonstrated that interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a potent activator of collagen synthesis in fibroblast cultures. In this study, using immunocytochemical methods and in situ hybridization, we investigated the expression of IL-4 in normal and scleroderma skin and fibroblast cultures. <h3>Observations:</h3> Immunocytochemical studies with anti—IL-4 antibody were performed on biopsy specimens from 9 patients with normal skin and 11 patients with scleroderma. The label was intense or strong in 8 of the 11 scleroderma skin specimens, whereas it was negative or faint in 8 of the 9 normal skin specimens (<i>P</i><.01). In situ hybridization demonstrated a significant increase of the number of IL-4 messenger RNA grains in scleroderma skin compared with normal skin (3.1± 1.5 [mean±SD] vs 0.8±0.7;<i>P</i><.001). A strongly positive labeling with the anti—IL-4 antibody was found in the 4 scleroderma fibroblast cultures, whereas it was negative in the 5 fibroblast control cultures (<i>P</i><.05). <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Our results demonstrate that IL-4 is strongly expressed in the dermis of a large majority of patients with scleroderma and might be synthesized by scleroderma fibroblasts. We suggest that IL-4 is one of the cytokines implicated in the early steps of the fibrotic process. Arch Dermatol. 1996;132:802-806
Time charts (1982)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsJohn WestA recent issue of the journal carried an article on the rehabilitation of nature study as an approach to primary science. Here John West provides a similar 'service' for time charts and illustrates on the basis of his research how they can be usefully and imaginatively used to foster children's historical understanding.
Structural Modulation of Solid‐State Emission of 2,5‐Bis(trialkylsilylethynyl)‐3,4‐diphenylsiloles (2009)

Solidarity means strength: In new silole luminogens, the solid aggregates are stronger emitters than isolated molecules. The solid-state emission is tunable by varying molecular structures of the luminogens. Increasing bulkiness of the substituents weakens intermolecular interactions and restricts intramolecular rotations, leading to a blue shift in emission color and a great increase in emission efficiency (see examples in picture).
Synthesis and reactivity of imidazole-1-sulfonate esters (imidazylates) in substitution, elimination, and metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions: a review (2015)

This review article is an attempt to survey literature describing synthetic methods and reactivity of imidazole-1-sulfonate esters (imidazylates) in substitution, elimination, and metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions.
EVALUATION AND MEASUREMENT OF THE DOPPLER SPECTRUM IN A REVERBERATION CHAMBER (2012)

In this paper, the measurement of the Doppler spectrum in a reverberation chamber (RC) is investigated. The estimation performance of the Doppler spectrum in the previous work is reformulated and analyzed. It is found that the previous RC Doppler spectrum evaluation is an inconsistent estimation. An improved method for evaluating the Doppler spectrum is presented, which makes use of the frequency stirring technique to enhance the estimation performance. In addition, the RC loading effect on the Doppler spectrum is investigated in this paper as well. Measurements are performed in a RC, based on which the Doppler spectrum is evaluated. It is shown that the improved method results in a smaller estimation variance and that the Doppler spread decreases with increasing RC loading.
Energy-aware video streaming on smartphones (2015)

Video streaming on smartphone consumes lots of energy. One common solution is to download and buffer future video data for playback so that the wireless interface can be turned off most of time and then save energy. However, this may waste energy and bandwidth if the user skips or quits before the end of the video. Using a small buffer can reduce the bandwidth wastage, but may consume more energy and introduce rebuffering delay. In this paper, we analyze the power consumption during video streaming considering user skip and early quit scenarios. We first propose an offline method to compute the minimum power consumption, and then introduce an online solution to save energy based on whether the user tends to watch video for a long time or tends to skip. We have implemented the online solution on Android based smartphones. Experimental results and trace-driven simulation results show that that our method can save energy while achieving a better tradeoff between delay and bandwidth compared to existing methods.
Extrusion of Irrigant in Open Apex Teeth with Periapical Lesions Following Laser-Activated Irrigation and Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation. (2018)

Use of LAI or PUI appears to be safe as used currently in endodontic treatment.
Simultaneous quantification of 17 immune mediators in aqueous humour from patients with corneal rejection (2006)

The Luminex 100 multiplex array assay is very efficient in simultaneous quantitation of multiple immune mediators in small volumes of aqueous humour. A total of 17 immune mediators were increased in aqueous humour from rejection patients. This underlines the complex immunological interactions of the rejection process.
Cloning of the gene for indoleacetic acid-lysine synthetase from Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi (1986)

The phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi incites the production of galls on olive and oleander plants. Gall formation is dependent on bacterial production of the phytohormone indoleacetic acid (IAA). The genetic determinants for IAA synthesis are located on a plasmid (pIAA) and are organized in an operon in oleander strains of the bacterium. P. syringae subsp. savastanoi further converts IAA to an amino acid conjugate, 3-indole-acetyl-epsilon-L-lysine (IAA-lysine). The gene for IAA-lysine synthetase (iaaL) was found on the IAA plasmid by screening pIAA deletion mutants for the ability to convert IAA to IAA-lysine. The iaaL locus was then cloned in the vector pUC8 from a bank of P. syringae subsp. savastanoi EW2009 plasmid DNA to construct recombinant plasmid pLG87. The specific activity of IAA-lysine synthetase in Escherichia coli transformed with pLG87 was 47 times higher than that of the enzyme extract from P. syringae subsp. savastanoi. The direction of transcription of the iaaL gene was determined to be opposite to that of the IAA operon. The location of the iaaL gene on pIAA1 was mapped by Tn5 insertion mutagenesis to a 2.5-kilobase-pair fragment 2 kilobase pairs from the IAA operon.
A Fiber-Optic Inspection System for Prepacked Screens (1999)

Abstract Screens are one of the most critical components of a well completion. A screen failure is generally serious, requiring a workover, a sidetrack, or, in the worst case, abandonment of the well. Prepacked screens are used extensively in well completions primarily where there is an increased concern for sand control reliability. These screens have performed successfully in the industry with a few exceptions. One of the reasons for the varying degrees of performance is the difficulty in the inspection of this type of screen. Performance of a prepacked screen depends on pack thickness and pack tightness (or density). The local pack thickness is dictated by the concentricity of the inner and outer jackets of the screen. Eccentricity between the inner and outer jackets leads to thin packs (on one side) resulting in high, localized fluid velocities, which tend to promote erosion of the screen. It is difficult to nondestructively measure the pack thickness and tightness. As a result, the screen must be inspected by the conventional method by shining light from inside and visually inspecting for defects. At best, this is a qualitative method that is inherently operator-dependent. To overcome these difficulties, a fiber-optics-based system has been designed and tested to inspect the prepacked screens. A mathematical model has also been developed to predict the passage of light through a pack of gravel. Due to the availability of this inspection system, several modifications have been made in the screen manufacturing process that achieve previously unattainable concentricity and pack tightness. A large number (i.e., 550) of screens have been tested using this technique with excellent results. The different pack thicknesses and gravel sizes can be easily discerned with this inspection technique, which leads to a better quality product.
Cloning, expression, and purification of Helicobacter pylori L-asparaginase (2009)

Asparaginase from Helicobacter pylori (HpA) has been cloned and expressed in E. coli cells. The recombinant strain stably expressed catalytically active HpA. Optimization of culturing and expression conditions resulted in the expression level of the recombinant enzyme amounting up to 6% of total protein of the producer strain. A method developed for HpA purification included a single chromatographic stage and provided more than 60%-yield of the active enzyme. Specific asparaginase activity was 92 U/mg of protein, whereas the rate of glutamine hydrolysis was just 8.3 × 10−3 U/mg, respectively. Data obtained indicate that due to low glutaminase specificity HpA may be employed as a non-toxic enzyme preparation for treatment of leukemia.
Robotics and Surgery (2006)

Nowadays robotics are used in all surgical fields. By increasing the intra-abdominal articulation while operating through a small incision, robotics are increasingly used for a large number of visceral and solid organ operations, including surgery on the gallbladder, esophagus, stomach, intestines, colon, and rectum, as well as for the endocrine organs. As a specialty, robotics should continue to grow. The robotic era enables general surgeons perform more and more complex procedures through small incisions. As technology catches up with our imagination, robotic instruments and 3-D monitoring will become a routine practice and continue to improve the patient care by providing surgeons with most precise, least traumatic ways of treating surgical diseases.