gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D receptor is expressed in human livers and inhibits CYP7A1 gene transcription (2008)

Lithocholic acid (LCA) is a potent endogenous ligand of Vitamin D receptor (VDR). It is thought that VDR may induce intestinal CYP3A4 to detoxify bile acids and protective against colon cancer. It has been reported that VDR is expressed in the rat but not mouse liver. The objective of this study is to identify VDR in human hepatocytes and to test our hypothesis that VDR may inhibit transcription of the gene encoding CYP7A1, the rate‐limiting enzyme in bile acid synthesis in hepatocytes. Immunoblot and real‐time PCR analyses have detected VDR protein and mRNA expression in HepG2 and human primary hepatocytes. Confocal immunofluorescence has detected VDR in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. Upon treatment with 1α, 25(OH) 2 ‐VD 3 or LCA, VDR is redistributed to the nucleus and cell membrane. Reporter assays showed that 1α, 25(OH) 2 VD 3 and LCA‐acetate decreased human CYP7A1 reporter activities. The region conferring VDR inhibition was localized between −80 and −150 of the human CYP7A1 promoter. VDR decreased hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) interaction with peroxisome proliferators‐activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC‐1α)/glucocorticoid receptor interacting protein‐1 (GRIP‐1) and trans‐activation of CYP7A1. Co‐immunoprecipitation and GST pull down assays showed that VDR interacted with HNFα. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) assay revealed that 1, 25(OH) 2 ‐VD 3 ‐activated VDR interacted with HNF4α and blocked its recruitment of PGC‐1α and GRIP‐1 to the human CYP7A1 chromatin, and resulted in inhibition of CYP7A1 gene transcription. This study suggests that VDR may play a role in protecting liver cells against bile acid toxicity and cholestatic liver injury.
Hydrogénation catalytique du toluène sur Pt-zéolithes : réactivité des phases adsorbées (1978)

Par analyse chromatographique, les auteurs étudient par une méthode dynamique l’adsorption du toluène et la réactivité de l’hydrogène et du toluène adsorbés sur des systèmes Pt-zéolithes. Ils mettent ainsi en évidence la non réactivité de l’hydrogène dissociativement chimisorbé sur le platine et l'existence d'une quantité importante de toluène fortement adsorbé sur le support zéolithique, qui est converti en méthylcyclohexane au contact d’un flux d’hydrogène.
Binary image reconstruction via 2-D Viterbi search (2002)

Many systems in widespread use concentrate on the imaging of binary objects, e.g., the archival storage of text documents on microfilm or the facsimile transmission of text. Due to the imperfect nature of such systems, the binary image is unavoidably corrupted by blur and noise to form a grey-scale image. We present a technique to reverse this degradation which maps the binary object reconstruction problem into a Viterbi state-trellis. We assign states of the trellis to possible outcomes of the reconstruction estimate and search the trellis in the usual optimal fashion. Our method yields superior estimates of the original binary object over a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) when compared with conventional Wiener filter (WF) estimates. For moderate blur and SNR levels, the estimates produced approach the maximum likelihood (ML) bound on estimation performance.
Human brain in tissue culture. II. Studies of long‐term cultures (1975)

This paper describes the techniques used to maintain and reconstitute from storage adult human brain cells in culture. Growth characteristics, cell morphology, lifespan, and karyotypic analysis of cell lines derived from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), non-MS neurologic diseases, and normal brains are compared.
Untersuchung und Bewertung eines flexiblen, induktiven Heizverfahrens für die Verarbeitung von Hochleistungsthermoplasten (Bachelorarbeit) (2020)

Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde ein Konzept erarbeitet, um die FlexIn Heat - Technologie in ein\nvorhandenes Werkzeug zu implementieren. Damit Hochleistungsthermoplaste verarbeitet werden\nkönnen, wurde die Heiztechnologie durch die Verwendung von Hochtemperaturlitzen auf hohe\nTemperaturen angepasst. Es wurden verschiedene Befestigungsmöglichkeiten verglichen, mit denen\ndie Induktionsspulen an einem Werkzeug befestigt werden können, und ein geeignetes Konzept\nausgewählt. Die Spulen werden dazu auf ein flexibles Trägermaterial aufgenäht und an der\nStützstruktur des Werkzeugs eingespannt. Das Befestigungskonzept ist flexibel anpassbar, und\nverwendet hitzefeste Materialien, die nach Verwendung rückstandslos wieder abgelöst werden\nkönnen. Als Ergänzung können Neodymmagnete benutzt werden, deren Verwendbarkeit am\nVersuchstand getestet wurde. Die Erwärmung von Invar wurde mit einer Invarplatte am Versuchstand\nim DLR untersucht. Ziel der Versuche war es, den Einfluss der verschiedenen Parameter zu untersuchen\nund eine geeignete Parameterkombination für die Konsolidierung von Hochleistungsthermoplasten\nauszuwählen. Es wurden vier Spulengeometrien konzipiert und ihre Heizleistung getestet. Weiterhin\nwurde die Eigenerwärmung der Spulen, die Temperaturhomogenität der Erwärmung, sowie der\nEinfluss des Suszeptorvolumens auf die induktive Erwärmung untersucht. Die Heizleistung wurde\noptimiert, indem die Versuchsparameter auf die Erwärmung der Invarplatte abgestimmt wurden.\nAnschließend wurde ein Versuchsaufbau erstellt, um im Vakuumkonsolidierungsverfahren mit einem\ninduktiv erhitzten Suszeptor Faserverbundwerkstoffe mit thermoplastischer Matrix zu verarbeiten. Es\nkonnten erfolgreich zwei CFK-Platten konsolidiert werden, diese wurden auf ihre Qualität untersucht\nund die Heiztechnologie bewertet.
Cytokine Gene Therapy in Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis by Injection of Plasmid DNA-Cationic Liposome Complex into the Central Nervous System (1998)

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system with many similarities to multiple sclerosis. The main effector cells involved are CD4+ T cells, recognizing encephalitogenic epitopes within the central nervous system, and macrophages, both of which secrete proinflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-gamma and TNF. Studies have shown that immunomodulation of this inflammatory response by anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IFN-beta, and TGF-beta) can reduce clinical severity in EAE. The importance of TNF in EAE has been demonstrated by using soluble TNF-receptor molecules to inhibit EAE. However, the limitation of this type of therapy is the necessity for frequent administration of cytokine proteins due to their short biologic half-life. This study demonstrates that EAE can be inhibited by a single injection of therapeutic cytokine (IL-4, IFN-beta, and TGF-beta) DNA-cationic liposome complex directly into the central nervous system. DNA coding for a novel, dimeric form of human p75 TNF receptor also ameliorated clinical EAE. Local administration of DNA-cationic liposome complex has identified gene targets that may be more efficiently exploited using vectors producing more stable expression for effective treatment of neuroimmunologic disease.
On 2-adically extended projective geometry based codes and their efficient decoding architecture (2013)

In this paper we consider a new class of codes over rings obtained through 2-adically extending the Projective Geometry (PG) codes by means of lifting. We also propose an elegant and configurable bit-serial Majority Logic (MLG) decoding architecture consisting of simple blocks, making it amenable for Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI). Some preliminary performance results are also provided to demonstrate the utility of the coding scheme in random and burst error scenarios. The proposed code and the associated decoder appears to be a useful candidate for both communications involving power and complexity constrained devices as well as in storage systems, especially nanoscale memories.
Selective retinal pigment epithelial cell lipid metabolism and remodeling conserves photoreceptor docosahexaenoic acid following phagocytosis (1999)

Retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) actively retrieve and recycle docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) from phagosomal phospholipids back to photoreceptor cells. Here we studied the fate of DHA in primary culture rat RPE cells after feeding with a suspension of rod outer segments (ROS) for 4 hr. Phospholipids (PLs), triacylglycerols (TAG), and free fatty acids were isolated from cells and media by thin layer chromatography (TLC), and their acyl groups quantified by gas liquid chromatography (GLC). In RPE cells, DHA-PLs increased 3.5-fold by 4 hr, decreasing thereafter to 1.6-fold above basal by 24 hr. In contrast, 18:1-PLs were decreased by 13%–18% below RPE basal values by 8–24 hr, respectively. DHA-TAG showed the highest increase (21-fold) by 8 hr. Free DHA displayed a small increase in the cells with a preferential release and accumulation into the media by 24 hr. These results show that in rat RPE cells, photoreceptor cell DHA is transiently incorporated into TAG prior to its release and uptake into 18:1-PLs. These metabolic pathways and remodeling may be critical in the conservation of this essential, photoreceptor cell fatty acid. J. Neurosci. Res. 57:479–486, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Reaction of Hydrogen with Ag(111):  Binding States, Minimum Energy Paths, and Kinetics (2006)

The interaction of atomic and molecular hydrogen with the Ag(111) surface is studied using periodic density functional total-energy calculations. This paper focuses on the site preference for adsorption, ordered structures, and energy barriers for H diffusion and H recombination. Chemisorbed H atoms are unstable with respect to the H(2) molecule in all adsorption sites below monolayer coverage. The three-hollow sites are energetically the most favorable for H chemisorption. The binding energy of H to the surface decreases slightly up to one monolayer, suggesting a small repulsive H-H interaction on nonadjacent sites. Subsurface and vacancy sites are energetically less favorable for H adsorption than on-top sites. Recombination of chemisorbed H atoms leads to the formation of gas-phase H(2) with no molecular chemisorbed state. Recombination is an exothermic process and occurs on the bridge site with a pronounced energy barrier. This energy barrier is significantly higher than that inferred from experimental temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) studies. However, there is significant permeability of H atoms through the recombination energy barrier at low temperatures, thus increasing the rate constant for H(2) desorption due to quantum tunneling effects, and improving the agreement between experiment and theory.
Discussion on application of the weibull distribution to electrical breakdown of insulating materials (2005)

The Weibull distribution is commonly used for statistical processing of breakdown data of electrical insulation. The statistical theory of breakdown that has been proposed since the 1970s has introduced a two-variables Weibull distribution in order to take into account both the stress applied and the failure times. In this paper this distribution is thoroughly discussed and then rejected. Indeed, the random variable is only one; the other is an independent variable that becomes random only through the first, with the same shape parameter. The case of breakdown after electrical or multiple-stress aging (electric strength test on aged specimens) is also examined and the probability distribution function is written even in the general case, where the probability is a function of several variables. Only one of the latter, i.e. the electric strength ES, is the random variable while the others, such as the applied stresses and the time at which the ES measurement is performed, are independent
FIRST-ORDER ULTRAVIOLETDERIVATIVESPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR DETERMINATIONOF RESERPINE INANTIHYPERTENSION TABLET (2012)

Stage Ⅳ gastric cancer(GC)with ovarian metastasis showed poor prognosis and its treatment strategy remains unclear. Recent studies identified the favorable prognostic effect of conversion surgery in Stage Ⅳ GC following intensive chemotherapy. We report here a case with advanced GC and ovarian metastasis, who underwent conversion surgery for them followed by chemotherapy and had a long-term survival. We reviewed the literatures in order to discuss clinical significance of our treatment strategy.
Semi Parametric Estimation of the Incubation Period of AIDS (1992)

The incubation period distribution of AIDS is estimated from the grouped bivariate data which arises from a prevalent cohort study. A penalised likelihood approach is used to obtain smooth estimates of the incubation period distribution. We also examine how the individuals age at HIV infection and changes in the incubation period can be incorporated into the analysis.
Silicon dopant imaging by dissipation force microscopy (1999)

Noncontact damping of a cantilever vibrating near a silicon surface was used to measure localized electrical dissipation. The dependence of the damping on tip-sample distance, applied voltage, carrier mobility, and dopant density was studied for n- and p-type silicon samples with dopant densities of 1014–1018 cm−3. Dopant imaging with 150 nm spatial resolution was demonstrated.
Long‐term prognosis of crown‐fractured permanent incisors. The effect of stage of root development and associated luxation injury (2000)

In the case of concomitant luxation injuries, the stage of root development played an important role in the risk of pulp necrosis after crown fracture. However, the primary factor related to pulp healing events after crown fracture appears to be compromised pulp circulation due to concomitant luxation injuries.
Twenty-First Century Plant Biology: Impacts of the Arabidopsis Genome on Plant Biology and Agriculture (2010)

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) rapidly emerged as a model system for plant biology due to the ease of genetic approaches to study development, physiology, and gene function coupled with a highly collaborative community. Arabidopsis’s position as the
Load and/or Speed Sensing Power Steering for Medium and Heavy Trucks (1985)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">It is preferable that power steering permits “static park” and has a good “road Feel” when running. In order to permit “static park”, a large bore actuation cylinder with high flow pump is required. Such a method, however, has two defects, a loss power for driving a large volume pump and a poor “road feel”. Resolving these problems and achieving the above matters. Hino has developed a load sensing power steering system. This system, which employes two actuation cylinders controlled by means of a unique load sensing valve arrangement, is designed to permit use of only one cylinder for highway speeds and both cylinders during a static park maneuver.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">When the system is combined with the preceding speed sensing power steering, “static park” is further facilitated and a tasty “road feel” is available in accordance with vehicle speed.</div>
Echocardiographic Evaluation of Left Ventricular Filling Pressures Validated Against an Implantable Left Ventricular Pressure Monitoring System (2011)

Although linear correlation between echocardiographic parameters and diastolic LV pressures reached statistical significance, the correlation coefficients were low. However, in these patients with severely reduced LV function due to ischemic heart disease conventional echocardiographic parameters of transmitral flow showed higher predictive values for elevated LV filling pressures than E/E'.
Iron uptake by human upper small intestine microvillous membrane vesicles. Indication for a facilitated transport mechanism mediated by a membrane iron-binding protein. (1990)

To investigate the hypothesis that iron absorption in man involves a carrier-mediated cellular uptake mechanism, influx velocity (Vo) of 59Fe3+ by isolated human microvillous membrane (MVM) vesicles of the upper small intestine was examined. Vo revealed saturation kinetics (Km = 315 nM; Vmax = 361 pmol Fe3+ x min-1 x mg protein-1) was temperature dependent and inhibited by pronase pretreatment of MVM. In the presence of an inwardly directed Na(+)-gradient a typical overshoot phenomenon with maximal uptake at 30-40 s was observed. The suggestion of an active, carrier-mediated uptake mechanism for iron was pursued by isolation of a 160-kD iron-binding protein from solubilized human MVM proteins. This glycoprotein was assembled as a trimer composed of 54-kD monomers. A monospecific antibody against the 54-kD subunit inhibited vesicular influx of Fe3+ into MVM by greater than 50%. Immunofluorescence and immunoblot analysis confirmed the localization of the protein in brush border plasma membranes. It was detectable in human intestinal mucosa and liver, but not in esophagus. These data indicate that the translocation of Fe3+ across human MVM represents a facilitated transport mechanism which is, at least in part, mediated by a membrane iron-binding protein.
Titanium Diffusion into (K <sub>0.5</sub> Na <sub>0.5</sub> )NbO <sub>3</sub> Thin Films Deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO <sub>2</sub> /Si Substrates and Corresponding Effects (2009)

Lead‐free (K 0.5 Na 0.5 )NbO 3 (KNN) thin films were prepared on Pt/Ti/SiO 2 /Si substrates by a sol–gel processing method, and titanium diffusion from the substrates into the KNN films under different thermal treatment conditions were investigated by the secondary ion mass spectroscopy depth profile and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy surface analysis. Titanium diffusion was evident in all the KNN thin films, which was further aggravated not only by increasing the annealing temperature, but also surprisingly by higher ramping rate attributed to the resulting larger grain boundaries. The pronounced effects of the titanium diffusion and the resulting substitution of Ti 4+ for Nb 5+ with different valence states on the composition, structure, and electrical properties of the KNN thin films are analyzed and discussed. The results showed that the Ti diffusion from the substrate played a crucial role in affecting the structure and electrical properties of the ferroelectric KNN thin films deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO 2 /Si substrate.
Distributed Data Parallelisms: Specified in Descartes and Programmed in SequenceL and JAVA (1999)

This paper presents an overview of language approaches for the automation of distributed data parallel problem solutions. These data parallel problems are of interest to the oil industry and U.S. Federal Agencies involved in the analysis of various kinds of telemetry Data. Special emphasis is placed upon major language issues facing the development of the information power grid. The paper presents an example of the type of parallelism desired in the Grid. The problem is specified in Descartes. A concurrent JAVA solution is then presented. The JAVA solution contains artifacts of the design of parallel solutions. The same problem is then recast in the high level language SequenceL, in which parallelisms are implied. The SequenceL approach seems to be a good candidate for a Grid Oriented Language, in that the abstraction relieves the problem solver of much of the burden normally required in development of parallel problem solutions.
Microampere threshold current operation of GaAs and strained InGaAs quantum well lasers at low temperatures (5 K) (1991)

The operation of ultralow threshold current GaAs and InGaAs quantum well lasers at cryogenic temperatures has been studied. In particular the threshold current Ith and lasing wavelength of GaAs and strained InGaAs lasers have been measured as a function of temperature from 300 down to 5 K. Ith can in both lasers be characterized by a linear function of temperature up to 200 K, with a significantly (2.5×) larger dIth/dT for the GaAs laser. We measured a minimum threshold current of 120 μA for the GaAs laser and 165 μA for the InGaAs laser at 5 K. We derive a simple expression for the transparency carrier density as a function of temperature and effective masses to explain our results.
ChemInform Abstract: The Preparation of the Biosynthetic Precursor 3,7‐Dihydroxy‐2,6‐dimethoxyphenanthroindolizidine. (1988)

Abstract Cyclocondensation of the aldehyde (I) with the pyrrolidine (II) followed by reduction gives the indolizidine (III).
Australasian fungi : a natural product study. (1998)

A number of Australasian fungi were investigated in a search for novel biologically active natural products. Extracts of the fungus Favolaschia calocera were investigated, and resulted in the isolation of four compounds. These compounds were structurally assigned using mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy as the 5-stearate (30a) and 5-palmitate (30b) esters of (2E,6£)-1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca- 2,6,10-triene, (E)-6-phenylhex-5-en-2-ol (32) and as methyl (4E,6E)-3-hydroxy-7- phenylhepta-4,6-dienoate (28b). The absolute stereochemistry of the previously isolated and characterised methyl (4E, 6£)-3-benzoyloxy-7-phenylhepta-4,6-dienoate (28a) was determined using Masher's method. To unambiguously assign the structure of the Favolaschia calocera metabolite 9- methoxystrobilurin K as structure 16, appropriate model compounds (33-40) were synthesised. The previously reported epoxyprenyl structure for 9-methoxystrobilurin K (17) and the dioxan structure for 9-methoxystrobilurin L (20) are now both revised to the prenyldioxepin structure 16. A blue-violet compound was isolated from an extract of Entoloma hochstetteri. This compound was identified as 7-acetyl-1,4-dimethylazulene (56) and is thought to be an artefact of the extraction and isolation process. The chemistry of a Cortinarius species collected from the Catlins (New Zealand) was investigated because crude extracts showed significant biological activity. Three disulfide compounds (59-61) were isolated and identified using a combination of NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and synthesis. Two of these compounds (59 and 61) were assigned as symmetrical disulfides that arise from the third unsymmetrical disulfide, cortamidine oxide (61), through disulfide exchange. All three compounds were assigned as also containing N-oxide functionality. Extracts of the Australian mushroom Cortinarius rotundisporus were investigated due to the cytotoxicity observed against the P388 murine leukaemia cell line during a screening programme. Two triterpenes of the malabaricane class were isolated and identified, using NMR techniques and mass spectrometry, as rotundisine A (94) and B (95).
Temperature-Programmed Packed Capillary Liquid Chromatography Separation with Large Volume On-Column Focusing of Retinyl Esters (1999)

A non-aqueous isocratic reversed-phase packed capillary high performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of retinyl esters, utilizing temperature programming and on-column focusing large volume injection, has been developed. The stationary phase material was C30, and the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-dichloromethane (70 : 30, v/v). A three-step temperature program, starting at 10°C for 10 min, then 1°/min to 30°C, and finally 2.5°/min to 70°C, was found most appropriate. Compared to an isothermal separation at 25°C, this temperature program provided improved peak resolution, enhanced peak shapes of the last eluting compounds, and a reduction of the overall elution time. A mass limit of detection of 27 pg was found with respect to retinyl palmitate, using UV detection with an “U” shaped flow cell at 327 nm. This corresponds to a concentration limit of detection of 2.7 pg/μL, when utilizing an injection volume of 10 μL. The concentration of retinyl palmitate in arctic seal liver samples was estimated to be 62.6 μg/g liver.