gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Pre- and Post-Treatment Storage on Rooting of Hot-Water-Treated Cuttings of Cabernet Sauvignon (1997)

This study examined the practical aspects of pre-, post- and combined pre- and post-treatment storage on root development of hot-water-treated dormant cuttings of Cabernet Sauvignon. Cuttings were either collected in November and stored at 3°C to 4°C until treated (pre-treatment storage) or collected monthly, from November through February, 24 hours prior to treatment. Treatments were made to cuttings removed from storage and cuttings collected the previous day. Hot water treatments consisted of 52°C, 54°C, 56°C, 58°C, or 60°C for 10, 20, or 30 minutes. After treatment, half of the cuttings removed from storage and half of those collected 24 hours earlier were placed in cold storage (3°C - 4°C) until mid-February (pre-/post-treatment storage and post- treatment storage, respectively). The other half of the cuttings from storage and those collected the previous day were transferred to the greenhouse (pre-treatment storage and no storage, respectively) for rooting. Greenhouse samples were evaluated after nine weeks for root development. When analyzed for temperature effect only, cuttings showed good root development up to 56°C. Root development declined slightly with increasing time of treatment at 52°C and 54°C, and to a greater extent at 56°C, 58°C, and 60°C. Cuttings that received either no storage or post treatment storage generally showed the best root development. Heat treating cuttings at temperatures up to 56°C appeared feasible, especially if this was combined with post- treatment storage at 3°C to 4°C. When all treatments were combined, cuttings taken in November showed the best root development. Harvesting cuttings at this time would reduce the risk of winter injury in late December and January under Washington State conditions. If hot water treatment proves to be effective in eliminating crown gall from dormant grape cuttings, this study indicates that post-treatment storage of cuttings is not detrimental, and in fact may promote root development.
CE-D2D: Dual Framework Chunks Caching and offloading in Collaborative Edge networks with D2D communication (2019)

The advancement of technology has pushed the cloud computing capabilities to the edge networks, paving the way for network operators and multimedia service providers to leverage video caching and transcoding to the Mobile Edge computing (MEC) servers. However, because of high load demands in peak hours and the limited bandwidth, congestions may occur, leading to lower network performance. This problem is worsened by the redundancies of the same content requests and the expectation for the highest video quality, which exhausts the cellular spectrum and the backhaul links. Collaboration between edge servers, to cache and transcode videos, is proposed and proved its efficiency to store highly requested contents and relieve the load on the backhaul links. Meanwhile, Device-to-device (D2D) offloading is considered to alleviate cellular spectrum utilization. In this paper, we will extend the Collaborative Edge (CE) network to include the mobile users (D2D) caching and offloading and create a CE-D2D dual framework. Still, this framework does not present the perfect solution for exhaustive bandwidth utilization. In fact, users' mobiles have small storage capacities and very scarce bandwidth availability, which limits the number of cached videos and constraints sharing large sized contents. Additionally, existing D2D approaches are considering video requests as simple contents similar to any HTML page request. However, in realistic cases, a lower bitrate version of the content can be offered to the viewers, if the bandwidth (cellular or mobile) is unavailable. Hence, to maximize the caching efficiency, we formulate the CE-D2D framework as a linear program, where MEC servers and users' mobiles collaborate to cache and offload different chunks of the requested content constrained by cache and bandwidth availability. In this way, instead of caching and serving full popular videos, as done in previous works, we will only cache popular chunks within different helpers, which maximizes the efficiency of caching in small storage devices.
Stimulation‐induced changes in lower limb corticomotor excitability during treadmill walking in humans (2005)

Magnetic stimulation of human primary motor cortex (M1) paired with electrical stimulation of a peripheral motor nerve has been used to produce a lasting modulation of corticomotor (CM) excitability. This 'paired associative stimulation' (PAS) protocol has been used to induce bidirectional changes in excitability in upper limb CM pathways. The present study tested the hypothesis that temporally dependent PAS applied to the common peroneal nerve during the swing phase of walking would induce bidirectional changes in CM excitability consistent with the Hebbian principle of activity-dependent plasticity. Fourteen subjects with no known neurological disorder participated in two data collection sessions each. PAS was delivered as a single block of 120 pairs of stimuli delivered in a 10 min period during treadmill walking at 4.0 km h(-1). Changes in CM excitability were assessed by examining the size of motor potentials evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation prior to and following PAS. Tibialis anterior motor-evoked potentials amplitude increased to 121% over baseline when the magnetic stimulus was delivered over M1 after the estimated arrival time of the afferent volley in sensorimotor cortex and decreased to 83% of baseline when the magnetic stimulus was delivered prior to the estimated afferent volley arrival. This extent of modulation was undiminished following a further 10 min period of walking without stimulation. The temporal nature of the bidirectional effects following PAS, their rapid evolution and subsequent persistence supported the study's hypothesis and were similar to the effects described by others in quiescent muscles of the upper limb.
Osteoprotegerin Ligand Induces β-Casein Gene Expression through the Transcription Factor CCAAT/Enhancer-binding Protein β (2002)

Osteoprotegerin ligand (OPGL, also known as RANKL), a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, is essential for mammary gland development during pregnancy in addition to key roles in the immune system and bone development. Here we show that OPGL induces beta-casein transcription through the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPbeta). In both HC11 cell lines and primary mammary epithelial cells, OPGL stimulation triggers rapid nuclear translocation of C/EBPbeta, which is critical for the expression of the beta-casein gene. Mutation of C/EBbeta binding sites in the beta-casein gene promoter completely abrogated OPGL-induced beta-casein promoter activity. By contrast, OPGL stimulation did not result in STAT5 phosphorylation. In vivo immunohistochemistry studies further demonstrated defective nuclear translocation of C/EBPbeta, but normal STAT5 activation, in OPGL-deficient mice. These data show that OPGL is a critical activator of beta-casein gene expression via the transcription factor C/EBPbeta. Our data provide new insights into the understanding of the molecular events involved in milk protein gene expression.
Impact of Mucosal Inflammation on Cervical Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1)-Specific CD8 T-Cell Responses in the Female Genital Tract during Chronic HIV Infection (2008)

The female genital tract is the major route of heterosexual human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition and transmission. Here, we investigated whether HIV-specific CD8 T-cell-mediated immune responses could be detected in the genital mucosa of chronically HIV-infected women and whether these were associated with either local mucosal HIV shedding or local immune factors. We found that CD8(+) T-cell gamma interferon responses to Gag were detectable at the cervix of HIV-infected women but that the magnitude of genital responses did not correlate with those similarly detected in blood. This indicates that ex vivo HIV responses in one compartment may not be predictive of those in the other. We found that increased genital tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels correlated significantly with levels of Gag-specific CD8(+) T cells at the cervix. Women who were detectably shedding virus in the genital tract had significantly increased cervical levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8 compared to women who were not detectably shedding virus. We were, however, unable to detect any association between the magnitude of cervical HIV-specific responses and mucosal HIV shedding. Our results support the hypothesis that proinflammatory cytokines in the female genital tract may promote HIV replication and shedding. In addition, we further show that inflammatory cytokines are associated with increased levels of HIV-specific CD8 effector cells at the genital mucosa but that these were not able to control genital HIV shedding.
Mechanisms of Photocatalytical Degradation of Monomethylarsonic and Dimethylarsinic Acids Using Nanocrystalline Titanium Dioxide (2008)

Photodegradation mechanisms of monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) with nanocrystalline titanium dioxide under UV irradiation were investigated. In the presence of UV irradiation and 0.02 g/L TiO2, 93% MMA (initial concentration is 10 mg-As/L) was transformed into inorganic arsenate, [As(V)], after 72 h of a batch reaction. The mineralization of DMA to As(V) occurred in two steps with MMA as an intermediate product. The photodegradation rate of MMA and DMA could be described using first-order kinetics, where the apparent rate constant is 0.033/h and 0.013/h for MMA and DMA, respectively. Radical scavengers, including superoxide dimutase (SOD), sodium bicarbonate, tert-butanol, and sodium azide, were used to study the photodegradation mechanisms of MMA and DMA. The results showed that hydroxyl radicals (HO*) was the primary reactive oxygen species for the photodegradation of MMA and DMA. The methyl groups in MMA and DMAweretransformed into organic carbon, including formic acid and possibly methanol, also through photochemical reactions. The results showed that nanocrystalline TiO2 can be used for the photocatalytical degradation of MMA and DMA and subsequent removal of the converted As(V), since the high adsorption capacity of the material for inorganic arsenic species has been demonstrated in previous studies.
The role of the selenoprotein S (<i>SELS</i>) gene −105G>A promoter polymorphism in inflammatory bowel disease and regulation of <i>SELS</i> gene expression in intestinal inflammation (2007)

Recently, a -105G>A promoter polymorphism coding for selenoprotein S (SELS) has been shown to increase proinflammatory cytokine expression. We, therefore, analyzed SELS expression and potential phenotypic consequences of the -105G>A polymorphism in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). SELS mRNA was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) after stimulation with proinflammatory cytokines and in human colonic biopsies of IBD patients as well as in murine models of ileitis and murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) colitis. Genomic DNA from 563 individuals (Crohn's disease: n = 205; ulcerative colitis: n = 154; controls: n = 204) was analyzed for the presence of the SELS-105G>A polymorphism and the three nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2)/caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 15 (CARD15) variants p.Arg702Trp, p.Gly908Arg and p.Leu1007fsX1008. SELS mRNA expression was increased in IEC after stimulation with proinflammatory cytokines, while its expression was not significantly altered in murine ileitis and MCMV colitis and in inflamed ileal and colonic lesions in IBD patients compared with normal controls. The SELS-105G>A polymorphism was observed with similar frequencies in IBD patients and controls and was not associated with a certain disease phenotype or serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) levels in these patients. Medium serum TNF-alpha was 1.27 pg/ml in IBD patients, while none of the controls had TNF-alpha concentrations above the detection threshold (P < 0.0001). SELS mRNA expression is upregulated by proinflammatory cytokines in IECs but the SELS-105G>A polymorphism is not associated with IBD susceptibility and does not contribute to a certain disease phenotype or increased TNF-alpha levels in IBD patients.
X-ray grazing incidence diffraction from polycrystalline Sb films on single-crystal substrates (1993)

The intensity of Bragg reflections depends strongly on the angle of incidence, if a highly collimated beam of X-rays is impinging at grazing incidence on a thin (200-600 AA) polycrystalline antimony layer. In the case of asymmetric grazing incidence diffraction (AGID) the angle of incidence is small, as the exit angle must be large and nearly twice the Bragg angle. The experimental data are analysed on the basis of the distorted wave Born approximation (DWBA), which yields the thickness d and the optical constants delta and beta of the layer. These parameters are compared with those determined from total external reflection data.
A Game Theoretic Approach to Peak Load Pricing (1976)

This paper deals with the problem of pricing in decreasing cost industries that exhibit the peak load phenomenon. Because of decreasing costs, welfare maximizing marginal cost pricing results in deficits. Consequently, other pricing methods such as two-part tariffs are necessary, if deficits are to be avoided. In a game theoretic framework, these other pricing methods are analyzed. The game developed is one of sharing the benefits from cooperation among consumers. It is proved that the core of the game exists, but that two-part tariffs may yield pricing arrangements which are not in the core unless further constraints are added. Then the possibility of moving from existing to new rate structures is discussed with particular emphasis on average cost pricing as an existing rate structure.
The Reaction of Titanium Tetrafluoride with Diisopropylamine, Diethylamine, Pyridine, and Triethylamine (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Titanium Tetrafluoride with Diisopropylamine, Diethylamine, Pyridine, and TriethylamineJohn A. Chandler and Russell S. DragoCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1962, 1, 2, 356–358Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50002a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50002a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views121Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preparing almost pure initial states for nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computing (2003)

While quantum computing offers the potential of using new quantum algorithms to tackle problems that are intractable for classical processors, its implementation requires the development of quantum devices, which are as yet unavailable. The most complex implementations of quantum algorithms to date have used techniques adapted from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, but current liquid state NMR approaches cannot be extended to systems with many quantum bits, as it is not possible to prepare pure initial states by directly cooling the spin system into its ground state. Furthermore, it has been shown that current NMR experiments involve only separable states, and thus could in principle be described by local hidden variable models. Here we demonstrate how para-hydrogen can be used to prepare a two-spin system in an almost pure state and so overcome these two objections. To achieve polarisation comparable to our observed value of $\\epsilon = 0.916 \\pm 0.019$ by thermal means would require cooling to 6.4 mK in the 9.6 T field used, or a magnetic field of 0.45 MT at room temperature.
Use of Clumped-Isotope Thermometry To Constrain the Crystallization Temperature of Diagenetic Calcite (2011)

We describe an approach to estimating the crystallization temperatures of diagenetic calcites using clumped-isotope thermometry, a paleothermometer based on the ^(13)C–^(18)O-bond enrichment in carbonates. Application of this thermometer to calcified gastropod shells and calcite cements in an early Eocene limestone from the Colorado Plateau reveals a record of calcite precipitation and replacement at temperatures varying from 14 to 123°C. The early Eocene host sediments were never deeply buried, but they experienced a significant thermal pulse associated with the emplacement of a late Miocene basalt flow. The combination of independent constraints on thermal history with clumped-isotope thermometry, petrographic (including cathodoluminescence) observations, and oxygen isotopic data provides an improved basis for estimation of the temperature and timing of diagenetic events and fluid sources. The petrography and calcite δ^(18)O values, taken alone, suggest that the aragonite-to-calcite transformation of gastropod shell material occurred simultaneously with early formation of cements and lithification of the matrix in the same sample. However, addition of clumped-isotope thermometry demonstrates that this phase transformation of shell material occurred at temperatures of 94–123°C in a highly rock-buffered microenvironment (i.e., with the isotopic composition of fluid buffered by coexisting carbonate), millions of years after lithification of the matrix and formation of initial low-temperature (14–19°C) calcite cements within shell body cavities. Clumped-isotope temperatures in excess of reasonable Earth-surface conditions recorded by later-formed cements demand that cement growth occurred in association with the lava emplacement. Our results illustrate the potential for clumped-isotope thermometry to constrain conditions of diagenesis and guide interpretations that would not be possible on the basis of conventional stable-isotopic and petrographic data alone, and demonstrate how petrographic characterization of clumped-isotope thermometry samples can benefit paleoclimate studies.
On the reliability of backbone-assisted end-to-end transmissions in WSNs (2009)

Many anticipated deployment scenarios, in particular military, healthcare, and disaster-recovery applications, of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) require reliable source to sink communication. Since transmission range of sensors is quite limited, to achieve higher end-to-end transmission reliability, WSNs generally employ intermediate backbone links (wired or wireless) that can deliver packets at larger distances. In this paper, we evaluate the reliability of backbone-assisted routing and dissemination in WSNs. In particular, we use reliability theory to investigate two important problems: a) if sensor node to backbone/gateway node ratio is fixed in a unit area, what is the maximum achievable reliability? b) How many wired hops or gateway nodes are required to achieve a given reliability? Finally we analyze the cost and benefit incurred by adding gateway nodes to a backbone-assisted WSN and observe that after a certain threshold adding more backbone nodes to the WSN provides negligible improvement in the overall end-to-end reliability.
Quality of Life Assessment after Laparoscopic and Open Fundoplications Results of a Prospective, Clinical Study (1996)

These data emphasize the clinical efficacy of antireflux surgery, with normalization of the quality of life in terms of well-being after these procedures. It should be noted that these instruments are sensitive enough to pick up significant differences between different antireflux procedures and should therefore be frequently used in the attempt to refine and optimize long-term therapeutic alternatives in reflux disease.
Inhibition of breast cancer cell invasion by melatonin is mediated through regulation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway (2010)

Melatonin exerts an inhibitory effect on breast cancer cell invasion through down-regulation of the p38 pathway, and inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression and activity.
Elicitation of Necrosis in <i>Vigna unguiculata</i> Walp. by Homogeneous <i>Aspergillus niger</i> Endo-Polygalacturonase and by α-d-Galacturonate Oligomers (1987)

Endo-polygalacturonase (PG) was purified from a commercial preparation of Aspergillus niger pectinase by means of carboxymethylcellulose chromatography, preparative isoelectric focusing, and gel permeation through Sephadex G-50. The enzyme was electrophoretically homogeneous and consisted of a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 33,500. The enzyme exhibited a specific activity significantly higher than those of purified polygalacturonases from phytopathogenic fungi. Galacturonate oligomers with a degree of polymerization higher than four appeared quickly as products of the enzymic hydrolysis of Napolygalacturonate. The oligomers were later degraded to di- and monogalacturonate. The homogeneous enzyme and growing mycelium of Aspergillus niger separately elicited a necrotic response in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata Walp.) pods. Heat-inactivated PG and PG inactivated with specific antibodies did not elicit necrosis, suggesting that the catalytic activity of the enzyme is necessary for its function as an elicitor. The PG-released oligosaccharides from Vigna cell wall and the galacturonides with a degree of polymerization greater than four separately elicited necrosis, whereas di- and monogalacturonate did not.
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSANNULAR INTERACTION IN (M.N)PHANES. PART 23. MODELS FOR EXCIMERS: DIASTEREOISOMERIC (3.3)(2,6)‐ AND (3.3)(1,5)(2,6)NAPHTHALENOPHANES (1981)

Abstract Das nach bekannten Methoden aus der Bis(brommethyl)‐Verbindung erhaltene Dicyanderivat (Ia) (Ausb. 26%) geht nach Solvolyse zum Diethylester (51%), Reduktion und Bromierung in das Bis(bromethyl)‐Derivat (Ib) über, dessen Kondensation mit dem Dithiol (Ic) das Dithiaphan (IIa) liefert.
A New Three-Dimensional Vanadium Selenite, (VO)<sub>2</sub>(SeO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>, with Isolated and Edge-Shared VO<sub>6</sub> Octahedra (1997)

Single crystals of (VO)2(SeO3)3 have been prepared from SeO2 and V2O5. The crystal structure has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystal data: (VO)2(SeO3)3, Mr = 514.75; monoclinic, space group P21/a (No. 14); cell parameters a = 9.151(1) Å, b = 6.353(1) Å, c = 14.992(1)Å, β = 93.538(5)°, and Z = 4. The structure consists of VO6 octahedra and SeO3 groups. The vanadium octahedra either are edge-sharing and form [V2O6.66]3.33- groups or are corner-linked through an [SeO3/2]+ cation. The structure may be rationalized in terms of connecting layers of {2[SeO2/2O1/3]4/3+[VO1/1O4/2O1/3]5/3-}+ cations and {[SeO3/2]+[VO1/1O5/2]2-}- anions.