gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Triterpene Saponins from <i>Gynostemma </i><i>cardiospermum</i> (2006)

Six new dammarane glycosides (1-6) and four known compounds, rutin, kaempferol, quercetin, and linalool 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, were isolated from an ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Gynostemma cardiospermum. The structures of 1-6 were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic interpretation as well as by chemical degradation. Triterpene aglycons containing carbonyl groups at both C-21 and C-28, as found in compounds 1-5, are being reported in the family Cucurbitaceae for the first time.
Diverse Routing in Networks with Probabilistic Failures (2009)

We develop diverse routing schemes for dealing with multiple, possibly correlated, failures. While disjoint path protection can effectively deal with isolated single link failures, recovering from multiple failures is not guaranteed. In particular, events such as natural disasters or intentional attacks can lead to multiple correlated failures, for which recovery mechanisms are not well understood. We take a probabilistic view of network failures where multiple failure events can occur simultaneously, and develop algorithms for finding diverse routes with minimum joint failure probability. Moreover, we develop a novel Probabilistic Shared Risk Link Group (PSRLG) framework for modeling correlated failures. In this context, we formulate the problem of finding two paths with minimum joint failure probability as an Integer Non-Linear Program (INLP), and develop approximations and linear relaxations that can find nearly optimal solutions in most cases.
Development of three dimensional neural sensing device by stacking method (2010)

This study reports a stacking method for assembling a 3-D microprobe array. To date, various 3D array structures have been reported with complex assembly steps, vertical interconnection for 3-D signal transmission which may suffer from low structure strength and large implantable opening. By applying the proposed stacking method, the previous problems were no longer existed. Also, ASIC chips could be substituted for the spacers in the stacked arrays achieving system integration, design flexibility and volume usage efficiency. To avoid overflow of the adhesive fluid during assembly, an anti-overflow design which made use of capillary action force was applied in the stacking method as well. Presented stacking procedure consumes only 35 minutes in average for a 4 × 4 3D microprobe array without requiring specially made assembly tools. The advantages of the proposed stacking method for 3D array assembly include simplified assembly process, high structure strength, smaller opening area and integration ability with active circuits. This stacking assembly technique allows an alternative method to create 3-D structures from planar components.
Effect of Rotor Blade Leading Edge Serrations on Fan Noise (1972)

Noise measured from a fan with conventional rotor blading for configurations both with and without a fan shroud plus inlet is compared with similar data for a fan with rotor blade leading edge serrations. Using the conventional fan as a reference, the test data show (1) an increase in high-frequency noise due to the serration pattern for both the shrouded and shroudless configuration, and (2) an increase in low- to middle-frequency range noise for the shroudless configuration. Possible causes for the noise increases are discussed based on results obtained from the configurations tested and on current theories in available literature.
Literaturverzeichnis (1996)

Editorische Notiz: In der Arbeit wurden alle Zitate, sowohl aus gedruckten als auch aus ungedruckten Quellen, in der vorgefundenen Schreibweise beibehalten.
Ultrasonic microspectroscopy of LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 single crystals for SAW devices (2000)

A new ultrasonic microspectroscopy system was developed for accurately and efficiently characterizing material properties under a highly stabilized measurement temperature environment. The system was applied to evaluating elastic homogeneities of commercially available 3-inch-diameter single crystals for surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices: 127.86°YX-LiNbO3, 64°YX-LiNbO3, 36°YX-LiTaO3, and X-112.2°Y LiTaO3. The slight variations in leaky SAW velocity along the pulling axis and the diameter on the water-loaded specimen surfaces were successfully detected. Velocity variations of about 0.01% for LiNbO3 and 0.02% for LiTaO3 were obtained for SAW device substrates. The chemical composition distributions of 0.012 Li2O-mol% for 127.86°YX-LiNbO3 and 0.034 Li2O-mol% for 36°YX-LiTaO3 were evaluated by comparing the measured velocity variations with the sensitivities to chemical composition previously obtained. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 83(9): 8–21, 2000
Real-time fault-tolerant communication in computer networks (1993)

A network is required to provide the users with a convenient means of guaranteeing delay bounds in message transmission and making message transmission tolerant of network component failures. Solutions to this problem will greatly improve the quality of service of the contemporary computer networks and expand their application domains to such areas as distributed real-time controls and digital continuous-media (motion video, audio) transmissions. Our solution to the problem is to use a new transfer mode called a real-time channel which guarantees the timely delivery of messages like the circuit-switched transmission while preserving the high transmission efficiency of the packet-switched mode. We give a comprehensive coverage of this new transfer mode, from the fundamental deadline scheduling theory and real-time channel protocols, to the detailed hardware implementation. Using the spatial redundancy of a network topology, real-time fault-tolerant communication is achieved by enhancing the basic real-time channels to be Single Failure Immune (SFI) or Isolated Failure Immune (IFI). Backup channels can also be used to increase the reliability of real-time channels. The issue of establishing real-time channels over shared-medium Local Area Networks (LANs) is then discussed, which is of practical importance since most end systems are connected to a LAN first and then to a point-to-point Wide Area Network (WAN). We also present a technique which can significantly improve the FDDI's capacity of supporting real-time traffic with a few simple modifications to its Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols. Finally, the application of our results for multimedia networking is illustrated through simulations.
Micromechanical resonator with ultra-high quality factor (2007)

A 6.3 MHz Lamé-mode square resonator with fully differential drive and sense electronics, exhibiting quality factor (Q) values over 1 million in ambient pressures as high as 200 Pa is reported. A maximum Q value of 1.6 million was experimentally measured for the resonator designed for this study. It was also experimentally observed that the Q value for the designed bulk mode resonator was relatively independent for pressures below 200 Pa, suggesting that the Q is pressure limited for pressure higher than 200 Pa.
T Cell — Primary Culture from Peripheral Blood (2008)

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) can be used to assess cell-mediated immunity in general or, via antigen-specific stimulation, to detect previous exposure to a variety of antigens/allergens and to monitor the response to immunotherapies. Peripheral blood is the most common source of mononuclear cells for in vitro cultures, although mononuclear cells can be obtained from other sources involved in the allergic reaction. PBMC from individuals previously exposed to an antigen proliferate in vitro when stimulated with the specific antigen. Proliferation is measured by the incorporation of ((3)H)-thymidine into newly synthesized DNA. This parameter is often used as an end point of lymphocyte stimulation induced by antigen or antigen fragments (e.g., synthetic peptides), mitogens, or anti-CD3/anti-CD28 combinations. The aim of this chapter is to describe the culture of T cells obtained from peripheral blood and the collection of cell supernatants for cytokine measurement.
The outside story (2003)

The Outside Story is a mix of detective story, academic satire and ordinary-life melodrama, told through the figure of a woman investigating a highly charged chapter in Sydney history, that of the building of the Sydney Opera House. In The Outside Story history is centred on the forced resignation of the building's first architect and his departure, with his team, from the building site in 1966.While the building itself has long been a pre-eminent national icon, the crisis in its formation remains painful and controversial, a story still unresolved, with a special grip on private and public memories. The narrative concerns itself with the student, who struggles to make sense of her research material, while living an untidy life with family and friends. The great building's history pervades the characters' lives, and for them, the issues which mark that history have everything to do with the struggles of the present. The student detective's pursuit tangles constantly with family and love-life; wayward desires intrude, inviting her down other paths.
Sequence of the cDNA encoding ITF-2, a positive-acting transcription factor (1990)

Journal Article Sequence of the cDNA encoding ITF-2, a positive-acting transcription factor Get access Paula Henthorn, Paula Henthorn Department of Human Genetics and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennyslvania School of MedicinePhiladelphia, PA 19104-6145, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ruth McCarrick-Walmsley, Ruth McCarrick-Walmsley Department of Human Genetics and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennyslvania School of MedicinePhiladelphia, PA 19104-6145, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Tom Kadesch Tom Kadesch Department of Human Genetics and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennyslvania School of MedicinePhiladelphia, PA 19104-6145, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 18, Issue 3, 11 February 1990, Page 678, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.3.678 Published: 11 February 1990 Article history Received: 18 December 1989 Published: 11 February 1990
Reaction of Laser-Ablated Uranium Atoms with CO:  Infrared Spectra of the CUO, CUO<sup>-</sup>, OUCCO, (η<sup>2</sup>-C<sub>2</sub>)UO<sub>2</sub>, and U(CO)<i><sub>x</sub></i> (<i>x</i> = 1−6) Molecules in Solid Neon (1999)

Laser-ablated uranium atoms have been reacted with CO molecules during condensation with neon at 4 K. Absorptions at 1047.3 and 872.2 cm-1 are assigned to the CUO molecule formed from the insertion reaction that requires activation energy. Isotopic substitution shows that the upper band is largely U−C and the lower band mostly U−O in vibrational character. Absorptions at 2051.5, 1361.8, and 841.0 cm-1 are assigned to the OUCCO molecule, which is formed by the CO addition reaction to CUO and ultraviolet−visible photon-induced rearrangment of the U(CO)2 molecule. The OUCCO molecule undergoes further photochemical rearrangment to the (C2)UO2 molecule, which is characterized by symmetric and antisymmetric OUO stretching vibrations at 843.2 and 922.1 cm-1. The uranium carbonyls U(CO)x (x = 1−6) are produced on deposition or on annealing. Evidence is also presented for the CUO- anion and U(CO)x- (x = 1−5) anions, which are formed by electron capture. Relativistic density functional theoretical calculations have been performed for the aforementioned species, which lend strong support to the experimental assignments of the infrared spectra. It is predicted that CUO is a linear singlet molecule with the shortest U−C bond yet characterized, and it has a U−C triple bond with substantial U 5f character. The theoretical analysis also finds that a distorted tetrahedral geometry of (C2)UO2 lies much lower in energy than either the bent/linear OUCCO structures or the U(CO)2 uranium dicarbonyl.
EFFECT OF CROTAMINE, A TOXIN OF SOUTH AMERICAN RATTLESNAKE VENOM, ON THE SODIUM CHANNEL OF MURINE SKELETAL MUSCLE (1978)

Crotamine (0.5 μg/ml) augmented the single twitch response of the rat and mouse isolated diaphragm to direct stimulation and prolonged the time course of contraction. At higher doses (10 to 50 μg/ml), contracture was observed with spontaneous fibrillation. The resting membrane potential of diaphragm was rapidly depolarized to about −50 mV within 5 minutes. No increase of depolarization occurred on prolongation of the incubation time or increase of crotamine concentration from 0.5 μg/ml to 50 μg/ml. The effect was not reversed by washing. Tetrodotoxin, low Na + (12 m m ), Ca 2+ (10 m m ) and procaine (1 m m ) prevented the crotamine‐depolarization. However, depolarization resumed when crotamine and the antagonists were removed. Low Cl− (8.5 m m ) and pretreatment with ouabain enhanced depolarization by crotamine. High K + (25 to 50 m m ) prevented the further depolarization by crotamine and the membrane potential was restored to normal on washout of crotamine with normal Tyrode solution. Effective membrane resistance was decreased by about 50% by crotamine. 24 Na‐influx of the rat diaphragm was increased by crotamine. 42 K‐influx was slightly increased if tetrodotoxin was also present but was decreased in the absence of tetrodotoxin. No effect on the miniature and evoked endplate potential of the rat diaphragm was observed. Skeletal muscles from frog and chick were not affected. It is inferred that crotamine acts on a molecule regulating the Na + ‐ permeability of the Na + channel of murine muscles. It is proposed that extracellular K + depresses the permeability of the Na + channel by acting on the same regulator molecule.
Design of a Single Channel Modulated Wideband Converter for Wideband Spectrum Sensing: Theory, Architecture and Hardware Implementation (2017)

In a cognitive radio sensor network (CRSN), wideband spectrum sensing devices which aims to effectively exploit temporarily vacant spectrum intervals as soon as possible are of great importance. However, the challenge of increasingly high signal frequency and wide bandwidth requires an extremely high sampling rate which may exceed today's best analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) front-end bandwidth. Recently, the newly proposed architecture called modulated wideband converter (MWC), is an attractive analog compressed sensing technique that can highly reduce the sampling rate. However, the MWC has high hardware complexity owing to its parallel channel structure especially when the number of signals increases. In this paper, we propose a single channel modulated wideband converter (SCMWC) scheme for spectrum sensing of band-limited wide-sense stationary (WSS) signals. With one antenna or sensor, this scheme can save not only sampling rate but also hardware complexity. We then present a new, SCMWC based, single node CR prototype System, on which the spectrum sensing algorithm was tested. Experiments on our hardware prototype show that the proposed architecture leads to successful spectrum sensing. And the total sampling rate as well as hardware size is only one channel's consumption of MWC.
Regulatory Forum Opinion Piece* (2015)

Renal tubule lesions often prove troublesome for toxicologic pathologists because of the diverse nature and interrelated cell types within the kidney and the presence of spontaneous lesions with overlapping morphologies similar to those induced by renal toxicants. Although there are a number of guidance documents available citing straightforward diagnostic criteria of tubule lesions for the pathologist to refer to, most are presented without further advice on the when to or to the why and the why not of diagnosing one lesion over another. Documents presenting diagnostic perspectives and recommendations derived from an author's experience are limited since guidance documents are generally based on descriptive observations. In this Regulatory Forum opinion piece, the authors attempt to dispel confusing renal tubule lesion terminology in laboratory animal species by suggesting histological advice on the recognition and interpretation of these complex entities.
RPP13 <i>is a simple locus in</i> Arabidopsis thaliana <i>for alleles that specify downy mildew resistance to different avirulence determinants in</i> Peronospora parasitica (2000)

Disease resistance (R) genes are found in plants as either simple (single allelic series) loci, or more frequently as complex loci of tandemly repeated genes. These different loci are likely to be under similar evolutionary forces from pathogens, but the contrast between them suggests important differences in mechanisms associated with DNA structure and recombination that generate and maintain R gene diversity. The RPP13 locus in Arabidopsis represents an important paradigm for studying the evolution of an R gene at a simple locus. The RPP13 allele from the accession Nd-1, designated RPP13-Nd, confers resistance to five different isolates of the biotrophic oomycete, Peronospora parasitica (causal agent of downy mildew), and encodes an NBS-LRR type R protein with a putative amino-terminal leucine zipper. The RPP13-Rld allele, cloned from the accession Rld-2, encodes a different specificity. Comparison of three RPP13 alleles revealed a high rate of amino acid divergence within the LRR domain, less than 80% identity overall, compared to the remainder of the protein (> 95% identity). We also found evidence for positive selection in the LRR domain for amino acid diversification outside the core conserved beta-strand/beta-turn motif, suggesting that more of the LRR structure is available for interaction with target molecules than has previously been reported for other R gene products. Furthermore, an amino acid sequence (LLRVLDL) identical in an LRR among RPP13 alleles is conserved in other LZ NBS-LRR type R proteins, suggesting functional significance.
Formulation and in-vitro evaluation of Chitosan films containing tetracycline for the treatment of periodontitis (2009)

Tetracycline is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent, which is formulated into films and evaluated for the treatment of periodontitis. Chitosan films containing tetracycline in three different concentrations (10, 20, and 30% w/w to the weight of polymer) were prepared by the solution casting method, using 1% v/v acetic acid solution. The prepared films were evaluated for various properties such as weight variation, tensile strength, stability studies, in-vitro release, and mass balance studies. Further films were cross-linked in order to extend the drug release. Average weight and thickness among the different films was uniform.Tensile strength was maximum for plain films and minimum for films containing the highest percentage of the drug or cross-linked films. The stability studies did not show any significant changes. Static dissolution studies showed a burst release initially followed by a progressive fall in the release of the drug, and also showed extended release when cross-linking was attempted. The in-vitro release kinetics of tetracycline followed the zero order pattern. The fact that the mass balance studies done after in-vitro dissolution did not deviate by more than 3% from the experimental drug content, confirms that the drug is in free form rather than bound to the polymer.
Prevenção da Agitação no Pós-Operatório de Amigdalectomia com ou sem Adenoidéctomia com o uso de Cetamina em Crianças (2017)

O uso de Cetamina como um adjuvante na prevencao da dor e agitacao no despertar pos-operatorio de amigdalectomia em criancas. Confira o Artigo Completo!
Oxide/water interfaces: how the surface chemistry modifies interfacial water properties (2012)

The organization of water at the interface with silica and alumina oxides is analysed using density functional theory-based molecular dynamics simulation (DFT-MD). The interfacial hydrogen bonding is investigated in detail and related to the chemistry of the oxide surfaces by computing the surface charge density and acidity. We find that water molecules hydrogen-bonded to the surface have different orientations depending on the strength of the hydrogen bonds and use this observation to explain the features in the surface vibrational spectra measured by sum frequency generation spectroscopy. In particular, 'ice-like' and 'liquid-like' features in these spectra are interpreted as the result of hydrogen bonds of different strengths between surface silanols/aluminols and water.
Osteonecrosis of the Jaw — Do Bisphosphonates Pose a Risk? (2006)

Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates are used widely for the management of metastatic cancer in bone (intravenous zoledronic acid or pamidronate), for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis (oral alendronate, risedronate, and ibandronate and intravenous ibandronate), for the treatment of Paget's disease of bone (intravenous pamidronate and oral alendronate and risedronate), and for the short-term management of acute hypercalcemia (intravenous zoledronic acid and pamidronate). The nitrogen moiety attached to the side chain of the middle carbon of the phosphorus–carbon–phosphorus bisphosphonate backbone renders these drugs much more potent as inhibitors of bone resorption than the bisphosphonates that do not contain nitrogen (etidronate and clodronate). . . .
Magnetic Cells: Stuff of Legend? (1999)

Many animals are attuned to a world hidden from our perception: Bats bounce sound waves off prey, snakes slither through grasslands awash in infrared light, and sharks hunt in the electrical trails of their next meal. Now scientists have taken a step closer to confirming the existence of another sense: the ability to use Earth's magnetic fields to navigate on starless nights or in turbid waters. Migratory and homing animals such as birds, bees, and fish seem to possess a built-in compass, and at the meeting Carol Diebel of the University of Auckland in New Zealand presented new findings on the iron-laden cells that may provide these creatures with a legend to Earth's magnetic road map.
Mechanisms of Resistance to Daptomycin in <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> (2008)

In this study, we investigated the clonal emergence of daptomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from a patient with leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome. The resistance mechanism in these strains is independent of either equivalent point mutations previously described for Staphylococcus aureus or daptomycin inactivation mechanisms identified in soil bacteria.
Magnetic amplifier control of switching transistors (1956)

A series of circuits are presented which use a magnetic amplifier to control the average output power of switching transistors by pulse-width modulation. Thus the advantages of switched-transistor operation are incorporated in a linear amplifier. The magnetic elements serve both as a pulse-width modulator and as a high-gain preamplifier, thereby producing an amplifier with high-gain as well as high-output power. Design considerations, performance data, and potential applications of the circuitry are discussed.
Partially coherent phonon heat conduction in superlattices (2003)

In this paper, the phonon thermal conductivity of semiconductor superlattices is calculated with the use of a modified lattice dynamics model, in which an imaginary wave vector is added. The mean free path caused by diffuse interface scattering is included in the imaginary wave vector. This model combines the effects of phonon confinement and diffuse interface scattering on the thermal conductivity in superlattices, and is applicable to phonon transport in the partially coherent regime, where bulk and superlattice phonon modes mix up. The theoretical results for the GaAs/AlAs superlattices are compared with the experimental data. The period thickness dependence and temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity in the GaAs/AlAs superlattices can be well explained by this model.