gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Optical interconnection on silicon LSI chips</title> (1995)

Light propagation loss of the micron size optical waveguides is found to be improved from 1.8 to 0.6 dB/cm by capping waveguides by Al film. Al micromirrors for changing the light propagation direction in the vertical and horizontal planes were fabricated. Various shapes of Al corner mirrors to change the light direction in the horizontal plane were investigated. The straight simple mirror at an angle of 45 degree(s) against the incident light has the largest reflectivity of 50%. Branched waveguides were also fabricated by using Al corner mirrors and resulted in the almost equal distribution of the light for three branches. Light emitting diodes (LEDs), micromirrors, waveguides and photodetectors have been integrated on a single chip and the signal transfer from the LED to the photodetector has been verified.
Strategy for Designing an Optimum Drill-In Fluid Utilizing Rock and Petrophysical Properties (2004)

Relatively heavy crude production has historically been a problem in vertical completions in mature and new development fields in the Gulf of Mexico. Horizontal wells have been utilized to minimize water coning in potential completions that are close to the oil/water contact. However, horizontal completion costs are typically 60% more than vertical completions, consequently well and fluid design are critical to minimizing costs associated with drilling (fluid losses, wellbore stability, etc.).In addition to the engineering challenges for horizontal drilling, formulating a reservoir drill-in fluid (RDF) that minimizes invasion and fluid losses to the reservoir, provides compatibility between the reservoir fluids and the RDF fluid, and readily cleans-up is critical to success.This paper will demonstrate the use of sidewall and conventional core material and subsequent petrophysical techniques to design a compatible RDF system. Core material from offset wells and previous vertical wells in several sands were utilized to develop bridging-material blends, determine sorting, texture, and particle and pore size.The authors discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using this type of material as well as that of a relatively new computer technique that allows a pore-size distribution to be rapidly calculated from core material.Another technique utilizes the rock attributes and log information in conjunction with a rock catalog to facilitate rapid determination from analogs. This type of data, in turn, can ultimately be utilized to design an RDF system.As such, this method will also be described and contrasted with traditional methods.Finally, case histories from several recently drilled horizontal wells that incorporated the subsequent RDF bridging-solids design using the aforementioned techniques will be presented. Fluid losses and solids loading will be examined with respect to the RDF designs.
Response to highly active antiretroviral therapy among severely immuno-compromised HIV-infected patients in Cambodia (2007)

Background: HAART efficacy was evaluated in a real-life setting in Phnom Penh (Médecins Sans Frontières programme) among severely immuno-compromised patients. Methods: Factors associated with mortality and immune reconstitution were identified using Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression models, respectively. Results: From July 2001 to April 2005, 1735 patients initiated HAART, with median CD4 cell count of 20 (inter-quartile range, 6–78) cells/μl. Mortality at 2 years increased as the CD4 cell count at HAART initiation decreased, (4.4, 4.5, 7.5 and 24.7% in patients with CD4 cell count > 100, 51–100, 21–50 and ≤ 20 cells/μl, respectively; P < 10−4). Cotrimoxazole and fluconazole prophylaxis were protective against mortality as long as CD4 cell counts remained ≤ 200 and ≤ 100 cells/μl, respectively. The proportion of patients with successful immune reconstitution (CD4 cell gain > 100 cells/μl at 6 months) was 46.3%; it was lower in patients with previous ART exposure [odds ratio (OR), 0.16; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.05–0.45] and patients developing a new opportunistic infection/immune reconstitution infection syndromes (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.52–0.98). Similar efficacy was found between the stavudine–lamivudine–nevirapine fixed dose combination and the combination stavudine–lamivudine–efavirenz in terms of mortality and successful immune reconstitution. No surrogate markers for CD4 cell change could be identified among total lymphocyte count, haemoglobin, weight and body mass index. Conclusion: Although CD4 cell count-stratified mortality rates were similar to those observed in industrialized countries for patients with CD4 cell count > 50 cells/μl, patients with CD4 cell count ≤ 20 cells/μl posed a real challenge to clinicians. Widespread voluntary HIV testing and counselling should be encouraged to allow HAART initiation before the development of severe immuno-suppression.
Chromatin regulation functions in plant abiotic stress responses (2009)

Plants respond and adapt to drought, cold and high-salinity stress in order to survive. Molecular and genomic studies have revealed that many stress-inducible genes with various functions and signalling factors, such as transcription factors, protein kinases and protein phosphatases, are involved in the stress responses. Recent studies have revealed the coordination of the gene expression and chromatin regulation in response to the environmental stresses. Several histone modifications are dramatically altered on the stress-responsive gene regions under drought stress conditions. Several chromatin-related proteins such as histone modification enzymes, linker histone H1 and components of chromatin remodeling complex influence the gene regulation in the stress responses. This review briefly describes chromatin regulation in response to drought, cold and high-salinity stress.
Emergency Management on a Grand Scale: A Bureaucrat's Analysis (2001)

Including contributions from sixty international authors, this book examines emergency responses to environmental dangers such as chemical fires, hazardous material and oil spills, nuclear reactor accidents, and earthquakes, and crises in the environment, global public service, and politics. It covers a wide range of international issues and topics, using various analyses, including critical, descriptive, empirical, quantitative, and normative methods. The book discusses approaches to natural disasters, resolutions to cultural, religious, and political tensions, terrorism and the potential use of biological, chemical, and nuclear weapons, the role of crisis public relations, and more.
Science and Technology of Building Seals, Sealants, Glazing, and Waterproofing: Second Volume (1992)

Description 25 peer-reviewed papers cover: •Artificial weatherometry compared to actual outdoor exposure of sealants • Stresses in highway joint sealants and stresses that cause sealant failure • Durability of structurally glazed curtain walls • Early joint failure • Silicone sealant adhesion technology • Sealant test methods that test adhesion as compared to the constrained blister adhesion test • Primer concept • Special points designs and problems associated with them • Factors effecting the life expectancy of an insulated glass unit • Acrylic coatings.
Surface modification of polymers used in the Low Earth Orbit space environment (1998)

SURFACE MODIFICATION OF POLYMERS USED IN THE LOW EARTHORBIT SPACE ENVIRONMENTJacob I. KleimanIntegrity Testing Laboratory Inc.; University o f Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies 4925 Dufferin Street, North York, Ontario, Canada, M3H 5T6A review o f current activities at Integrity Testing Laboratory Inc. (ITL) and University o f Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies (UTIAS) in the field o f surface modification o f polymers is being presented. A number o f new surface modification technologies were developed recently at ITL and UTIAS for protection of polymer materials from the space environment. Using a new approach to silicon functionalization o f high-performance polymers, a new chemical surface modification process Photosil™ was developed that allows to incorporate high concentrations of silicon into surface regions o f polymer materials. In another process, named Implantox™, a modified ion implantation process was used that allowed to form oxide-based highly protective surface layers on high-performance polymers. A novel, proprietary surface modification process was also demonstrated recently for fluorine-containing polymers. A variety o f space bound polymer materials were treated by all three processes and all these demonstrated, through extensive testing, excellent resistance to fast atomic oxygen (FAO) erosion.
The synthesis of internal standards for the quantitative determination of sphingolipids by tandem mass spectrometry (2005)

Novel internal standards have been synthesised for the quantitative determination by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) of the sphingolipids that accumulate in lysosomal storage diseases. The [d4]C16- and [d47]C24-isoforms of galactosylceramide (CMH), lactosylceramide (CDH), globotriaosylceramide (CTH), cerebroside sulphate, sphingomyelin and G(M1)-, G(M2)- and G(M3)-gangliosides were synthesised by the reaction of their lyso-forms with the acid chlorides of hexadecanoic 5,5,6,6-d4 acid ([d4]-palmitic acid) and tetracosanoic-d47 acid ([d47]-lignoceric acid), respectively. The acid chlorides were formed using oxalyl chloride. The structures of the internal standards were confirmed by MS/MS. The fragmentation pattern of each novel compound was similar to that of the corresponding natural form of the sphingolipid, making it a good internal standard for the quantitative determination of the natural sphingolipid by ESI-MS/MS. Characteristic product ions were identified for each compound.
THE STRUCTURE OF THE SO-CALLED “6-PHENYL-1,4-DIHYDRO-as-TRIAZINE” (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE STRUCTURE OF THE SO-CALLED "6-PHENYL-1,4-DIHYDRO-as-TRIAZINE"S. SEARLES and H. M. KASHCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1954, 19, 6, 928–929Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01371a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01371a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Microstructure of 2 mass% Si Dual-Phase Steels Carburized at Elevated Temperature. (1999)

The carburizing time is expected to be short at high temperatures, where grains of the dual-phase steel are fine and hardly grow. If it can be used for the elevated temperature case hardening steel, the processing time might become short by reducing carburizing time and by skipping the first step quenching for grain refinement of the un-carburized core. In the present study, the applicability of the dual-phase steel for the elevated temperature case hardening steel has been investigated.The 2.0 mass% Si-(0.01-0.08) mass% C-(0.1 mass% V, 0.05 mass% Nb and 0.05 mass% Ti) steel were carburized at 1323 K for 10.8 ks, quenched from various temperatures and then tempered at 423 K. The microstructural observation, hardness measurement and tensile test of the core were carried out. When the microstructure was controlled to be dual-phase with α+γ at the carburizing temperature, the grains were fine and no grain growth was observed during the carburizing process. Therefore, the first step quenching for grain refinement might be skipped. The core showed the excellent strength-ductility combination compared with the conventional case hardening steel. The distribution of hardness in the carburized layer showed a gentle gradient due to the elevated temperature carburizing. The carburizing time was reduced to be 1/ 3 compared with the conventional carburizing. The grains in the carburized layer were also refined by additions of V, Nb and Ti.
Molecular and Functional Analysis of the<i>lepB</i>Gene, Encoding a Type I Signal Peptidase from<i>Rickettsia rickettsii</i>and<i>Rickettsia typhi</i> (2003)

The type I signal peptidase lepB genes from Rickettsia rickettsii and Rickettsia typhi, the etiologic agents of Rocky Mountain spotted fever and murine typhus, respectively, were cloned and characterized. Sequence analysis of the cloned lepB genes from R. rickettsii and R. typhi shows open reading frames of 801 and 795 nucleotides, respectively. Alignment analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences reveals the presence of highly conserved motifs that are important for the catalytic activity of bacterial type I signal peptidase. Reverse transcription-PCR and Northern blot analysis demonstrated that the lepB gene of R. rickettsii is cotranscribed in a polycistronic message with the putative nuoF (encoding NADH dehydrogenase I chain F), secF (encoding protein export membrane protein), and rnc (encoding RNase III) genes in a secF-nuoF-lepB-rnc cluster. The cloned lepB genes from R. rickettsii and R. typhi have been demonstrated to possess signal peptidase I activity in Escherichia coli preprotein processing in vivo by complementation assay.
SIMD/MIMD Dynamically-Reconfigurable Architecture for High-Performance Embedded Vision Systems (2012)

Image and video processing algorithms are becoming more and more sophisticated. An efficient hardware architecture is a requirement in order to address effectively the increasing computational workload. In a context of high performance, low cost and rapid prototyping, a hybrid SIMD/MIMD architecture for image processing is proposed in this work. By reusing functional units and including a dynamically reconfigurable datapath, this architecture enables high performance devices for general image processing tasks with high application development productivity when using as part of a System-on-Chip. A 32-bit 128-unit coprocessor was prototyped on a Virtex-6 FPGA and results show a peak performance of 19.6 GOP/s.
Correlation of pathologic Q waves on the standard electrocardiogram and the epicardial electrogram of the human heart. (1976)

To evaluate the relationship between abnormal Q waves on the standard ECG and localized ventricular excitation, unipolar epicardial electrograms were recorded over the left ventricle during aortocoronary bypass surgery in 36 patients. Of 20 without standard ECG Q waves, six had abnormal epicardial Q waves, three anterioly and three inferiorly. Of 16 patients with standard ECG Q waves, four had both precordial and anterior epicardial Q waves while seven had Q waves in leads III and aVF and inferior epicardial Q waves. Three of the 14 had Q waves in both precordial and inferior leads of the ECG but epicardial Q waves only from the antero-apical region in two and only from the inferior wall in one. Two patients with Q waves in both III and aVF had no epicardial Q waves. Thus, the standard electocardiogram underestimates epicardial Q waves. If Q waves are present in the standard ECG, they correlate with the presence, although not invariably the location of Q waves on the epicardial electrogram.
Design of wavelength-convertible edge nodes in wavelength-routed networks (2006)

Wavelength converters reduce the connection blocking probability in wavelength-routed networks by eliminating the wavelength continuity constraint. We develop a method for deployment of wavelength converters in wavelength-routed networks with an overlay model. In these networks, most wavelength converters are deployed on edge nodes to cover the difference in the numbers of wavelengths multiplexed on access and core links. Therefore reduction of wavelength converter cost on edge nodes leads to minimizing the wavelength converter cost in the whole network. We propose an ingress edge node architecture with fixed wavelength converters that have limited wavelength convertibility but are more economical than full wavelength converters. In our architecture, each input access link of ingress edge nodes is equipped with fixed wavelength converters, and input wavelengths from the access links are evenly distributed on the output core link. As a result, competition for a free wavelength on an output core link is avoided. Simulation results show that our edge node architecture offers about 20% cost reduction compared with a node architecture that uses only full wavelength converters where networks are actually under operation and a full wavelength converter cost to fixed wavelength converter cost ratio is 3:1.
Antioxidant effect of lemon verbena extracts in lymphocytes of university students performing aerobic training program (2010)

Aerobic training is related to an increase in blood oxidation markers. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant capacity of Lippia citriodora extracts (PLX(®) ) on plasma and blood cell oxidative status of university students beginning a 21 days aerobic training routine (3 days/week). Using a double-blind design, 15 male athletes (21 ± 2.1 years) were assigned to a group consuming 1.8 g/day of the plant extract (PLX(®) -group) or a placebo (PLB-group). Two blood extractions were performed at day 0 and 21, from which lymphocytes, erythrocytes and plasma were isolated. Several circulating parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities and oxidative stress markers were measured. The PLX(®) -group displayed an increased HDL-cholesterol, a modest decrease in erythrocyte number and an increased circulating urea. Activation of glutathione (GSH)-reductase was observed in erythrocytes and lymphocytes of PLX(®) -group, accompanied by lower levels of oxidative stress markers, such as malondialdehyde and protein carbonyls in plasma. The antioxidant action exerted by PLX(®) on GSH-reductase seems to be post-translational and mainly due to verbascoside, a phenylpropanoid that represents 10% (w/w) of extract content. In conclusion, PLX(®) shows antioxidant properties that could play an important role in modulating GSH-reductase activity in lymphocytes and erythrocytes and protecting plasma from exercise oxidative damage.
Improvements in Cloud Photogrammetry Using Airborne, Side-Looking, Time-Lapse Cameras (1983)

An airborne photographic system, in which the cameras are coupled with an inertial navigation system, was developed and used in a 1978 convective cloud study, Photogrammetric analysis from such a system is enhanced: cloud-feature positions can be determined without external references such as the earth's horizon or cloud base in the photographs, and the data reduction process can be considerably automated. This paper describes the instrumentation, the photogrammetric theory, and the procedures for obtaining cloud measurements from the photographs. An empirical error analysis based on photographs of terrestrial targets is also presented. Cloud top heights determined without any reference height in the photographs are considered to be accurate to within 440 m at a range of 60 km. The largest source of error in determining cloud top height using the 1978 measurements is the uncertainty in determining the aircraft-to-cloud distance rather than inaccuracy in the photographic system. This error can be reduced in future programs by flying as closely in altitude as possible to the cloud features of interest.
Summary report to Materials Laboratory, Wright Air Development Center on studies of heat-resistant alloys (1959)

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/4333/5/bab3991.0001.001.pdf
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical Activation of Amino Acids: From the Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure β,γ‐Unsaturated Amino Acids to Macrocyclic Ring Systems (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Study on Mammography Exposure Dose, Image Quality and Equipment Performance in Aomori. (1999)

青森県内におけるマンモグラフィの実態を知るために, 乳房専用撮影装置のある施設に対しマンモグラフィシステムについてアンケートを行い, 回答を得た県内の15施設17装置に対し, 被曝線量, 画質, 装置の性能の測定を行った。その結果, 装置については, 管電圧がJIS規格の±10%を超える装置が1装置 (5.9%), 乳房撮影ガイドライン委員会の推奨仕様である±5%を超える装置が5装置 (29.4%), また画質については156型マンモファントムを用いた合格基準値 (10点以上) を満たしている装置が4装置 (23.5%), 被曝線量については基準値 (1曝射当たり3mGy以下) を満たしている装置が11装置 (64.7%) であり, 画質, 被曝線量とも基準を満たしている装置は1装置 (5.9%) のみであった。今回, 青森県内のマンモグラフィシステムの使用環境を知り得たことは, 今後県内のマンモグラフィシステムが各基準を満たすためには, どのようにすべきかの方向性が見えてきた。
Nasal Function in Self-Reported Chemically Intolerant Individuals (2002)

Nasal function has not yet been investigated under controlled exposures in individuals with self-reported Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (sMCS). Therefore, anterior rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry were applied in 12 individuals with sMCS, and 12 age-matched controls. The sMCS individuals and controls were selected on the basis of a standardized questionnaire. Controlled 4-hr exposures to ethylbenzene and 2-butanone were performed during 4 sessions. Exposures were close to the current German threshold limit values, and they approximated odor thresholds. Subjects with sMCS had a significant decrease in the flow value in anterior rhinomanometry, independent of substance and doses, compared with controls. This result suggests somatic reactions to the exposure. The result must be confirmed in additional studies, and pathophysiological examinations must be performed. For these investigations, anterior rhinomanometry was usable, but acoustic rhinometry can be recommended only after sufficient standardization has occurred. Furthermore, biochemical parameters of nasal mucosa must be considered.
Head-Up Display Study (1973)

A study of the requirements for and the design of an advanced head-up display (HUD) was conducted. The requirements, based on use in an advanced close air support fighter, included wide field of view (60-x 45-degree), and high brightness (approximately 8,000 fL). The requirements analysis was supported by interviews with pilot users of head up displays in the field. It was concluded that conventional HUD techniques (cathode ray tubes, thick lenses, etc.) could not be practically used to meet these requirements. Accordingly, an advanced design utilizing holographic optics and liquid crystal display techniques was conceived and evaluated. The holographic lens provides the combiner and collimator functions. The liquid crystal matrix display provides modulation of the light from a collimated arc light source to provide either sensor or symbol video. Using these components, several alternate configurations capable of meeting the requirements were derived. The A-10 aircraft was selected as a candidate for the installation due to its large canopy and over the nose visibility. As part of the study program, a demonstrator was developed to indicate how the holographic lens/combiner and reflective liquid crystal can be used together as a see through display. Also a half size mockup of the baseline cockpit configuration was fabricated.