gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Different Methylxanthines on the Anticonvulsant Action of Common Antiepileptic Drugs in Mice (1990)

The protective activity of carbamazepine (CBZ, 60 min before testing), phenobarbital (PB, 120 min), phenytoin (PHT, 120 min), and valproate (VPA, 30 min) alone or concurrent with methylxanthine derivatives was evaluated against maximal electroshock-induced seizures (MES) in male mice. All drugs were administered intraperitoneally (i.p.), and the protection offered by antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) was expressed as ED50 in mg/kg. Caffeine sodium benzoate in doses of 0.0595-0.476 mmol/kg (11.55-92.4 mg/kg) distinctly reduced the anticonvulsant efficacy of PB, in the highest dose tested with an increase in ED50 value from 19.5 to 38 mg/kg. This methylxanthine derivative in the dose range of 0.119-0.476 mmol/kg (23.1-92.4 mg/kg) also efficiently inhibited the protective action of PHT. When combined with caffeine (0.238 and 0.476 mmol/kg), the ED50 of PHT was raised from 12 to 17 and 24 mg/kg, respectively. In doses of 0.238 and 0.476 mmol/kg, caffeine also diminished the efficacy of CBZ and VPA, and at the highest dose tested the methylxanthine elevated the respective ED50s from 13 to 20.5 mg/kg and from 270 to 420 mg/kg. Generally caffeine sodium benzoate (up to 0.476 mmol/kg) did not affect the plasma levels of studied AEDs, and only at 0.476 mmol/kg did it significantly decrease the level of PHT. Among the other methylxanthines, pentoxifylline (0.238-0.476 mmol/kg; 66.3-132.5 mg/kg) and diprophylline (0.952 mmol/kg; 242.1 mg/kg) inhibited the protective potential of PHT and the respective ED50s were raised from 12 to 16.5, 15.5, and 14 mg/kg. No significant alterations in PHT plasma levels were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Nonlinear dynamics of semiconductor laser arrays: a mean field model (1994)

An analysis of the spatiotemporal dynamics of single-emitter and multiemitter index-guided semiconductor laser arrays is presented. The results are based on a propagation model that involves a pair of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations. The model describes the space-time evolution of the mutually interacting lateral field and carrier density distributions. It includes the effect of carrier diffusion and the effect of carrier-induced antiguiding. Coupling between the emitters is provided by the overlapping evanescent fields of the emitters as well as by the exchange of carriers through carrier diffusion. We show that carrier diffusion plays a significant role in the stability and the nature of bifurcations. Also we show that carrier-induced antiguiding is the principal reason of instability for singleand two-emitter arrays. We illustrate a wide variety of instabilities that demonstrate the richness of the dynamics in these devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF 2‐METHYLCYCLODODECANONE (1977)

Abstract Cyclododecanon (I) liefert bei der Photolyse je nach Bedingungen unterschiedliche Anteile an den Reaktionsprodukten (II)‐(IV).
Controlling the THz heterodyne &#x2014; Lesson learned from HIFI/Herschel mission (2012)

The Local Oscillator Subsystem (LOS/S) is a part of the HIFI (Heterodyne Instrument for the Far Infrared) project, an infrared heterodyne instrument for astronomical observations on the ESA HERSCHEL Space Observatory. Local Oscillator Subsystem uses the set of sensitive microwave components, essential for frequency multiplication from K/Ka Bands to 480/1910GHz. The paper presents the methods of biasing of the LOU independent microwave amplifiers and diodes. The special care at the design phase was given to different methods of protection against wrong biasing of such components. The results of the protection, implemented in LCU hardware and software, are discussed at the paper, based on the lessons learned from more than four years of pre-launch activities and almost three years of HIFI operations on the orbit.
Estimation of Heart-Surface Potentials Using Regularized Multipole Sources (2004)

Direct inference of heart-surface potentials from body-surface potentials has been the goal of most recent work on electrocardiographic inverse solutions. We developed and tested indirect methods for inferring heart-surface potentials based on estimation of regularized multipole sources. Regularization was done using Tikhonov, constrained-least-squares, and multipole-truncation techniques. These multipole-equivalent methods (MEMs) were compared to the conventional mixed boundary-value method (BVM) in a realistic torso model with up to 20% noise added to body-surface potentials and +/-1 cm error in heart position and size. Optimal regularization was used for all inverse solutions. The relative error of inferred heart-surface potentials of the MEM was significantly less (p < 0.05) than that of the BVM using zeroth-order Tikhonov regularization in 10 of the 12 cases tested. These improvements occurred with a fourth-degree (24 coefficients) or smaller multipole moment. From these multipole coefficients, heart-surface potentials can be found at an unlimited number of heart-surface locations. Our indirect methods for estimating heart-surface potentials based on multipole inference appear to offer significant improvement over the conventional direct approach.
Improving loadpull measurement time by intelligent measurement interpolation and surface modeling techniques (2006)

In this paper we show how a thin-plate spline approximation can be used to generate a model of the measured response surface of a load-pull measurement over a much-reduced number of impedance points with no significant loss of accuracy. Further, interpolation between these model surfaces is possible, generating accurate drive-up characteristics. This has enabled accurate load-pull characterizations to be made in a fraction of the usual time.
Salinity, photosynthesis, and leaf growth (1984)

Not available – first paragraph follows: Manipulation of the plant's environment to reduce salinity will continue to be the principal management strategy in the future. Competition for limited quantities of high-quality water, however, may eventually force growers to use lower quality water, such as municipal and irrigation return flows. Development of new, more salt-tolerant crops and crop varieties will therefore provide an important supplemental means of managing salinity.
Shock‐Compression Experiments and Reflectivity Measurements in Deuterium up to 3.5 Mbar using the Nova Laser (1999)

Abstract We report on measurements of the equation of state and optical reflectivity at 1064 nm wavelength of a high pressure shock front propagating through a sample of liquid deuterium. We find that the shock front reflectivity increases from a low value (< 3.5%) to a saturation level of 65% in the pressure range of 0.22 ‐ 0.55 Mbar. The pressure range where this metallization transformation takes place coincides with the pressure range where high compressibilities were observed on the principal Hugoniot.
Nature of intervalence charge-transfer bands in Prussian blues (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNature of intervalence charge-transfer bands in Prussian bluesKingo Itaya and Isamu UchidaCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 3, 389–392Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00223a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00223a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views901Altmetric-Citations75LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
3D Self‐Assembly: Self‐Organized Origami Structures via Ion‐Induced Plastic Strain (Adv. Mater. 1/2013) (2013)

With the advent of nanotechnology, metals will have to be processed at a much smaller scale and new engineering concepts are required. On page 91, Khattiya Chalapat and co-workers demonstrate the assembly of metallic nano-3D-structures by plastic deformation that is induced either on the surface by reactive ion etching or within the metal matrix by focused ion beam. The front cover image illustrates a metallic nanocubic structure being unfolded by an ion beam.
Glycosylation of resveratrol protects it from enzymic oxidation (2003)

Plant polyphenols, including dietary polyphenols such as resveratrol, are important components in the plant antioxidant and defence systems. They are also known to exert beneficial effects on human health through diet. As they are produced, these polyphenols may be subjected to deleterious enzymic oxidation by the plant polyphenol oxidases. They are generally synthesized as glycosides like 5,4'-dihydroxystilbene-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, the 3-glucoside of resveratrol. The effects of the glycosylation and methylation of the parent resveratrol on its enzymic oxidation were studied. Methyl and glucosyl derivatives were synthesized using simple one-step methodologies. The kinetics of their enzymic oxidation by tyrosinases were defined. Substitution at the p-hydroxy group, by either glucose or methyl, abolished enzymic oxidation by both mushroom and grape tyrosinases. Substitution at the m-hydroxy group with methyl had a small effect, but substitution with glucose resulted in a much lower affinity of the enzymes for the glycoside. We suggest that glycosylation of polyphenols in nature helps to protect these vital molecules from enzymic oxidation, extending their half-life in the cell and maintaining their beneficial antioxidant capacity and biological properties.
Silver Medal in Noise (2009)

The Silver Medal is presented to individuals, without age limitation, for contributions to the advancement of science, engineering, or human welfare through the application of acoustic principles, or through research accomplishment in acoustics.
Energy-Centered and QoS-Aware Services Selection for Internet of Things (2016)

An important challenge to be addressed in the domain of Internet of Things (IoT) is the development of efficient services selection algorithms for an optimal management of both energy and Quality of Service (QoS) in the context of IoT services composition. This issue becomes crucial in the case of large-scale IoT environments composed of thousands of distributed entities. In this paper, an energy-centered and QoS-aware services selection algorithm (EQSA) is proposed for IoT services composition. The proposed selection approach consists of preselecting the services offering the QoS level required for user's satisfaction using a lexicographic optimization strategy and QoS constraints relaxation technique. In order to reduce the energy consumption of a composite service without affecting the user's satisfaction, the most suitable services among the preselected ones are then selected using the concept of relative dominance of services in the sense of Pareto. The relative dominance of a candidate service depends on its energy profile and QoS attributes, and user's preferences. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated through several simulation scenarios. The obtained results show clearly the good performances of the EQSA algorithm in terms of selection time, energy efficiency, composition lifetime, and optimality and its added value in comparison with algorithms dealing separately with QoS and energy consumption.
SU‐FF‐I‐149: Accuracy of Scatter and Attenuation Correction in PET Imaging (2009)

Objectives: PET data is usually corrected for scatter and attenuation among other factors during image reconstruction. The aim of this abstract is to study the accuracy of scatter and attenuation correction using different tissue equivalent and object sizes in PET/CT imaging. Methods: A phantom containing three cylindrical inserts (Air, water and Teflon) each of 40mm diameter was scanned on a GE DRX PET/CT scanner. The inserts were used to simulate air, soft tissue, and bone at 511 keV. The activity concentration (AC) in the phantom background was set to 0.12uCi/cc to emulate background AC found in clinical studies. PET data was acquired in 3D mode for 6 minutes (2 FOVs, 3 min per FOV). The same experiment was then repeated twice while wrapping the phantom with one and two layers of saline bags to simulate patients with medium and large cross sections. Each layer of saline bags added 4cm to the phantom diameter. All PET images were reconstructed using OSEM (2 iterations 21 subsets). A 20mm diameter ROI was drawn on each of the three cylinders and background as well as ±6 slices and the mean AC was calculated. In addition, cold contrast defined as one minus the ratio of cylinder to background AC was calculated for each cylinder type and phantom size. Results: Contrast in the air cylinder was constant for all phantom sizes, but decreased for water and Teflon with increasing phantom sizes. The decrease was 17% and 15% for Teflon and water respectively between the small and large phantom sizes. The highest contrast was observed in the Teflon cylinder for all phantom sizes. Conclusion: Current scatter and attenuation correction techniques do not fully recover the true AC in tissue particularly in large objects which might impact the accuracy of quantification in PET imaging.
TOMAC - Real-Time Message Ordering in Wireless Sensor Networks Using the MAC Layer (2005)

The ordering of messages according to a given time measure is a largely discussed topic. Nevertheless, wireless or wired systems considering the order of messages do not use the access layer to accomplish this task. In this paper, we discuss the use of non-destructive bit-wise arbitration on the MAC layer for real-time message ordering in wireless sensor networks. With this access method, it is possible to use the measure of elapsed waiting time of a message as an input parameter to the channel access. Through the use of adaptive priorities, messages carrying older information get higher priorities and can therefore gather access first. This hard real-time message ordering mechanism realizes message ordering for one-hop distance mesh topologies. Additionally it is an ideal basis for message-ordering transport protocols. We discuss the system in the parameter context of WiFi (IEEE 802.11a) and Zigbee (IEEE 802.15.4) and successfully implemented the access method on a wireless sensor network. 1
Design and implementation of a hard disk drive servo system using robust and perfect tracking approach (2001)

This paper deals with the problem of a servo system design for a conventional hard disk drive with a single voice-coil-motor actuator using a so-called robust and perfect tracking (RPT) approach. We first model the physical system and then formulate it into a robust and perfect tracking problem, in which a measurement feedback controller can be obtained to achieve a robust and perfect tracking for any step reference, i.e., the L/sub p/-norm of the resulting tracking error with 1/spl les/p</spl infin/ can be made arbitrarily small in the presence of external disturbances and initial conditions. Some tradeoffs are then made in order for the RPT controller to be implementable using the existing hardware setup. The implementation results of the RPT controller are compared with those of a proportional integral derivative (PID) controller. The results show that the servo system with our RPT controller has much better performance than the PID. Our servo system has faster settling time, lower overshoot and higher accuracy.
Molecular Cross-Talk between the NFκB and STAT3 Signaling Pathways in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2006)

The development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) involves the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in tumor-suppressor proteins, together with the persistent activation of growth-promoting signaling pathways. The activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a frequent event in HNSCC. However, EGFR-independent mechanisms also contribute to the activation of key intracellular signaling routes, including signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB), and Akt. Indeed, the autocrine activation of the gp130 cytokine receptor in HNSCC cells by tumor-released cytokines, such as IL-6, can result in the EGFR-independent activation of STAT3. In this study, we explored the nature of the molecular mechanism underlying enhanced IL-6 secretion in HNSCC cells. We found that HNSCC cells display an increased activity of the IL-6 promoter, which is dependent on the presence of an intact NFkappaB site. Furthermore, NFkappaB inhibition downregulated IL-6 gene and protein expression, and decreased the release of multiple cytokines. Interestingly, interfering with NFkappaB function also prevented the autocrine/paracrine activation of STAT3 in HNSCC cells. These findings demonstrate a cross-talk between the NFkappaB and the STAT3 signaling systems, and support the emerging notion that HNSCC results from the aberrant activity of a signaling network.
Hot carrier and hot phonon effects on high-speed quantum well lasers (1993)

We present a theoretical model to analyze the hot carrier and hot phonon effect on the modulation response of semiconductor quantum well lasers. We find that the carrier heating strongly depends on the energy relaxation time of carriers and the lifetime of longitudinal-optic (LO) phonons. Furthermore, the carrier heating will significantly decrease the differential gain and increase the nonlinear gain coefficient and thus reduce the modulation bandwidth. From the numerical result, we demonstrate the bottleneck effect of the hot LO phonons on the modulation response of quantum well lasers. This implies that reducing the lifetime of LO phonons, for example, by doping in the quantum well, will most effectively decrease the carrier temperature and thus improve the modulation bandwidth.
Crystal structure of varicella-zoster virus protease (1997)

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), an alpha-herpes virus, is the causative agent of chickenpox, shingles, and postherpetic neuralgia. The three-dimensional crystal structure of the serine protease from VZV has been determined at 3.0-A resolution. The VZV protease is essential for the life cycle of the virus and is a potential target for therapeutic intervention. The structure reveals an overall fold that is similar to that recently reported for the serine protease from cytomegalovirus (CMV), a herpes virus of the beta subfamily. The VZV protease structure provides further evidence to support the finding that herpes virus proteases have a fold and active site distinct from other serine proteases. The VZV protease catalytic triad consists of a serine and two histidines. The distal histidine is proposed to properly orient the proximal histidine. The identification of an alpha-helical segment in the VZV protease that was mostly disordered in the CMV protease provides a better definition of the postulated active site cavity and reveals an elastase-like S' region. Structural differences between the VZV and CMV proteases also suggest potential differences in their oligomerization states.
Biosynthetic Human Growth Hormone in the Treatment of Growth Hormone Deficiency (1990)

A total of 309 previously untreated children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) (219 boys, 90 girls; mean age 8.4 +/- 3.9 years, range 1.5-19 years) were treated for up to 3 years in an ongoing trial designed to examine the long-term efficacy and safety of biosynthetic somatropin (rhGH). The children were treated with rhGH, 0.06 mg/kg (0.16 IU/kg) three times weekly. In the prepubertal children, the mean height velocity increased during the first year from 3.8 +/- 1.8 cm/year to 8.9 +/- 2.2 cm/year (n = 188). During the second and third years, their height velocities were 7.1 +/- 1.1 (n = 147) and 6.3 +/- 1.2 cm/year (n = 64), respectively. The height velocity SDS increased from -2.5 +/- 1.9 before treatment to 3.1 +/- 2.6 during the first year of treatment in the prepubertal children. The mean pretreatment height velocity in those with idiopathic GHD (3.8 +/- 1.6 cm/year) did not differ from that in children with organic GHD (3.8 +/- 2.3 cm/year). In addition, the height velocities during the first year of therapy did not differ significantly with respect to the aetiology of GHD. For the children who entered puberty during the study, the mean height velocity increased from 3.0 +/- 1.7 cm/year before treatment to 8.4 +/- 2.3 cm/year during the first year of rhGH therapy. In the first year, the height velocity of children with a bone age of less than 5 years (9.4 +/- 2.3 cm/year) was significantly greater than that in children with a bone age of 5-10 years (8.4 +/- 1.8 cm/year) or greater than 10 years (7.8 +/- 2.2 cm/year: p = 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
IMPROVED PRACTICAL FORMULAS FOR ESTIMATION OF CABLE TENSION BY VIBRATION METHOD (1995)

斜張橋やニールセン橋などケーブル構造物の架設の際に一般的に利用されている振動法によるケーブル張力計測に関して, 著者等は以前曲げ剛性を考慮した実用算定式を提案した. 今回, その精度を改善するため一部修正を加えるとともに, 適用範囲外になっていたケーブル長が短くかつケーブル張力が小さい場合についてあらたに張力算定式を作成した. これにより, ケーブルの1次ないし2次の起振が可能なすべてのケーブルに対し, 計測した固有振動数よりただちにケーブル張力を求めることができる.また, ケーブルが非常に長く1次および2次振動の起振が容易でない場合について, 高次振動モードに対する算定式を作成し, 常時微動のフーリエ解析よりケーブル張力を求められるようにした.
Structural and Functional Characterization of the Interaction between Cyclophilin B and a Heparin-derived Oligosaccharide (2007)

The chemotaxis and integrin-mediated adhesion of T lymphocytes triggered by secreted cyclophilin B (CypB) depend on interactions with both cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) and the extracellular domain of the CD147 membrane receptor. Here, we use NMR spectroscopy to characterize the interaction of CypB with heparin-derived oligosaccharides. Chemical shift perturbation experiments allowed the precise definition of the heparan sulfate (HS) binding site of CypB. The N-terminal extremity of CypB, which contains a consensus sequence for heparin-binding proteins was modeled on the basis of our experimental NMR data. Because the HS binding site extends toward the CypB catalytic pocket, we measured its peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) activity in the absence or presence of a HS oligosaccharide toward a CD147-derived peptide. We report the first direct evidence that CypB is enzymatically active on CD147, as it is able to accelerate the cis/trans isomerization of the Asp(179)-Pro(180) bond in a CD147-derived peptide. However, HS binding has no significant influence on this PPIase activity. We thus conclude that the glycanic moiety of HSPG serves as anchor for CypB at the cell surface, and that the signal could be transduced by CypB via its PPIase activity toward CD147.