gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using occupancy grids for mobile robot perception and navigation (1989)

An approach to robot perception and world modeling that uses a probabilistic tesselated representation of spatial information called the occupancy grid is reviewed. The occupancy grid is a multidimensional random field that maintains stochastic estimates of the occupancy state of the cells in a spatial lattice. To construct a sensor-derived map of the robot's world, the cell state estimates are obtained by interpreting the incoming range readings using probabilistic sensor models. Bayesian estimation procedures allow the incremental updating of the occupancy grid, using readings taken from several sensors over multiple points of view. The use of occupancy grids from mapping and for navigation is examined. Operations on occupancy grids and extensions of the occupancy grid framework are briefly considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electrically Unexcitable Scar Mapping Based on Pacing Threshold for Identification of the Reentry Circuit Isthmus (2002)

This new method of identifying EUS provides complimentary information to the electrogram amplitude in delineating potential reentry circuit paths, potentially facilitating ablation during sinus rhythm.
Render unto Caesar Trusts and tax: a tale of everyday tensions in investment life (2005)

Render unto Caesar Trusts and tax: a tale of everyday tensions in investment life Get access Guy Paterson Guy Paterson CEO, Unigestion (UK) Ltd105 Piccadilly, London, W1J 7NJ, Tel: +44 207 529 4150, Fax: +44 207 529 4155 E-mail: gpaterson@unigestion.com, www.unigestion.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Trusts & Trustees, Volume 11, Issue 10, October 2005, Pages 15–18, https://doi.org/10.1093/tandt/11.10.15 Published: 01 October 2005
Oswald Physical and Engineering Sciences Second Place: Multiple Macromer Hydrogels for Multiphase Drug Release (2015)

Biodegradable hydrogels are of interest for drug delivery applications due to their resemblance to biological tissue and their ability to absorb large amounts of biological fluids. Here, hydrogels were synthesized from multiple macromers to demonstrate step-wise degradation and multiphase drug release profiles. Control over the degradation and release profiles of multiple macromer hydrogels has potential applications in implantable, extended release drug delivery devices in which removal would not be needed after administration. Herein, macromers were synthesized from diethylene glycol diacrylate (A), poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (n=400) (H), and isobutylamine (6) in 1.2:1 molar ratios of total diacrylate to amine with diacrylate ratios of A:H (0:1), (1:1), and (2:1). Multiple macromer hydrogels were synthesized via UV photo polymerization with a 365nm UV flood source and an intensity of 8-10mW/cm2. Degradation and swelling studies were conducted gravimetrically, and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) was used to track diffusion coefficients at different stages of degradation. Degradation for the fully degradable systems used was inconclusive, while degradation for the non-degradable systems demonstrated a two-stage release. Swelling was found to increase with hydrophilic character of the hydrogels. Fluorescently tagged lysozyme, trypsin, and bovine serum albumin were
Http Pocket Reference (2000)

Laryngeal penetration appears to be clinically significant in children with oropharyngeal dysphagia and interventions to decrease its occurrence are associated with improved outcomes including decreased symptoms of concern and hospitalization nights. Thickening or other feeding intervention should be considered for all symptomatic children with laryngeal penetration on swallow study.
Critical Role of Zinc as Either an Antioxidant or a Prooxidant in Cellular Systems (2018)

Zinc is recognized as an essential trace metal required for human health; its deficiency is strongly associated with neuronal and immune system defects. Although zinc is a redox-inert metal, it functions as an antioxidant through the catalytic action of copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase, stabilization of membrane structure, protection of the protein sulfhydryl groups, and upregulation of the expression of metallothionein, which possesses a metal-binding capacity and also exhibits antioxidant functions. In addition, zinc suppresses anti-inflammatory responses that would otherwise augment oxidative stress. The actions of zinc are not straightforward owing to its numerous roles in biological systems. It has been shown that zinc deficiency and zinc excess cause cellular oxidative stress. To gain insights into the dual action of zinc, as either an antioxidant or a prooxidant, and the conditions under which each role is performed, the oxidative stresses that occur in zinc deficiency and zinc overload in conjunction with the intracellular regulation of free zinc are summarized. Additionally, the regulatory role of zinc in mitochondrial homeostasis and its impact on oxidative stress are briefly addressed.
4. The Economics of Seismic Isolation in Buildings (1990)

Seismic isolation is a design technique that offers significant benefits in appropriate applications, and interest in its application continues to grow. The two key issues that must be addressed early in the design phase of a project are the technical and economic feasibility issues. This paper focuses on the economic issues, and discusses the four principal cost factors that should be evaluated. These being construction costs, earthquake insurance premiums, physical damage that must be repaired and disruption costs, loss of market share and potential liability. The paper includes a summary of first cost studies on both new and existing buildings. It also discusses methods of estimating the difference in the cost of earthquake damage using different construction techniques.
On schema integration in a heterogeneous distributed database management system (2003)

An approach to schema integration in a heterogeneous distributed database management system (DBMS) design is described. The approach has been used with success in a prototype multiple database access system (MDAS). This system acts as a front-end to multiple local DBMSs which continue to perform all local data management and processing. The MDAS services queries on an integrated view of semantically related databases exhibiting a range of schema and data conflicts.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Age, Genetic Characteristics and Number of Cycles Are Critical Factors to Consider for Successful Protection of the Murine Heart With Postconditioning (2011)

Postconditioning (PostC) is a recently discovered phenomenon whereby brief repetitive cycles of ischaemia with intermittent reperfusion following prolonged ischaemia elicit cardioprotection. This study investigated whether the age, genetic characteristics or number of repetitive cycles influenced the protective effect of PostC in mice. C57BL/6 floxed or non-floxed STAT-3 mice aged between 14-16 weeks (young) or 18-20 weeks (older) were perfused on a Langendorff apparatus and subjected to 35 min global ischaemia and 45 min reperfusion. PostC was elicited by either 3 (PostC-3) or 6 cycles (PostC-6) of 10 s ischaemia and 10 s reperfusion. PostC-3 and PostC-6 in both young and older non-floxed mice reduced the myocardial infarct size. In contrast, only PostC-3 reduced myocardial infarct size in young floxed mice. Neither PostC-3 nor PostC-6 reduced the infarct in older floxed mice. Our data reveal that genetic characteristics, a minute difference in age or the number of postconditioning cycles are critical factors to be considered for the successful effect of ischaemic postconditioning in a murine model. Moreover, these factors should be taken into consideration for future experimental research or clinical applications of this protective phenomenon.
Preservation of cellular antigenicity of tumor cells by the use of formalin fixation. (1972)

Summary Immunization of rabbits with formalin-fixed EL-4 lymphoma cells of the C57BL/6 mouse was found to yield antitumor sera equivalent in cytotoxicity to that obtained with fresh, viable cells. In addition, indirect immunofluorescence studies indicate that antigenic determinants on the cell membrane remain intact following fixation. Formalin fixation of tumor cells may be a useful method in immunotherapy, as well as an aid to the elucidation of antigens associated with the tumor cell membrane.
Detection of Gasoline Adulteration Using Modified Distillation Curves and Artificial Neural Network (2021)

Abstract To detect adulteration in gasoline, an automatic distillation apparatus was set up to measure the recovered volume and temperature simultaneously. The level metering was performed by online image processing instead of the conventional visual operator‐based measurement. To investigate the effect of additives in super gasoline, regular gasoline and diesel were added and the distillation curves were analyzed. The principal component analysis model was employed to reduce the obtained data. Finally, an artificial neural network was applied to predict the volume percentage of adulterants in super gasoline. Statistical analysis showed that the proposed model has a mean relative error and correlation coefficient of 4.6 % and 0.995, respectively.
Editorial Vol. 4(1) (2015)

Ceylon Journal of Otolaryngology Vol.4(1) 2015
Inducible differentiation and morphogenesis of bipotential liver cell lines from wild-type mouse embryos (2002)

This work shows that hepatic cell lines reproducibly can be derived from E14 embryos of many mouse inbred strains. These bipotential mouse embryonic liver (BMEL) cell lines present a mixed morphology, containing both epithelial and palmate-like cells, and an uncoupled phenotype, expressing hepatocyte transcription factors (HNF1alpha, HNF4alpha, GATA4) but not functions (apolipoproteins, albumin). BMEL cells are bipotential: under inducing conditions they express hepatocyte and bile duct functions. In addition, they can undergo morphogenesis in Matrigel culture to form bile duct units. When returned to basal culture conditions, the differentiated cells revert, within a few days, to an undifferentiated state. The ensemble of markers expressed by BMEL cells implies that they originate from hepatoblasts, the endodermal precursors of the liver. In conclusion, the establishment of a simple and reproducible method to isolate from any mouse embryo bipotential hepatic cell lines that exhibit the properties of transit stem cells provides a novel paradigm for investigation of hepatic cell lineage relationships.
Wideband Radar Cross Section Diagnostic Measurements (1984)

This paper describes a diagnostic radar cross section (RCS) measurement system which uses a low-power, wideband, linear-FM radar to provide RCS responses of targets as a function of frequency, range, cross range, and angle. Range and frequency responses are produced by using an FFT analyzer and a desktop computer to perform on-line signal processing and provide rapid access to final results. Two-dimensional maps of the target RCS distribution in range and cross range are obtained by off-line processing of recorded data. The system processes signals resulting from a swept bandwidth exceeding 3 GHz to provide range resolution of less than 10 cm. The various operating modes of the instrumentation provide a powerful tool for RCS diagnostic efforts in which individual scattering sources must be isolated and characterized. Several examples of results obtained from measurements of a number of simple and complex shapes are presented to demonstrate the utility and performance limits of the instrumentation.
What is the critical pH and why does a tooth dissolve in acid? (2003)

This paper discusses the concept of critical pH for dissolution of enamel in oral fluids. The critical pH does not have a fixed value but rather is inversely proportional to the calcium and phosphate concentrations in the solution. The paper also discusses why teeth dissolve in acid, why remineralization of white-spot caries lesions is possible and why remineralization of teeth eroded by acid is not possible.
An efficient use of PRAM for an enhancement in the performance and durability of NAND storage systems (2012)

NAND flash memory is widely used in many embedded systems owing to such advantages as a small size, shock resistance, and low power consumption. However, NAND flash memory has certain hardware limitations such as an "erase-before-write" constraint, which creates a long write latency. Therefore, many studies have been performed to reduce the write latency of NAND flash, one of which uses phase-changed RAM (PRAM) as a supplemental device to overcome the disadvantages of NAND flash memory. However, it is difficult to apply PRAM to storage systems owing to its limited density and high cost per capacity. To solve this problem, a novel management scheme for PRAM/NAND flash hybrid storage is proposed. Our proposed method uses limited PRAM space more efficiently by reducing the size of the data to be stored through an efficient compression scheme using differential values and rates. In addition, the proposed method improves the performance and durability of storage systems by efficiently reducing the flash program operation. Our experiments show that the proposed scheme can improve the performance and durability of PRAM/NAND flash hybrid storage with only slight increases in hardware costs.
Tibolone and its effects on bone: a review (2001)

This review examines the evidence for the effects of tibolone on bone. Tibolone is a synthetic steroid with a mixed (estrogenic-progestogenic-androgenic) hormonal profile. Data suggest a complex receptor-mediated as well as metabolic regulation of the activity of tibolone at target tissue level. It has been shown that tibolone can prevent axial and appendicular bone loss induced by ovariectomy and/or a low calcium diet in young and mature rats. In addition, tibolone increases trabecular and cortical bone mineral density in rats with established osteopenia. In the rat, treatment with tibolone results in an increased strength of the femoral neck and of the vertebral body, similar to that found with estrogens. The protective effect on bone can be blocked by antiestrogens, indicating that the effect is estrogen receptor-mediated. Clinical trials have shown that loss of bone in the spine and proximal hip can be prevented with tibolone 2.5 mg/day in early- and late-postmenopausal women. In addition, a dose of 1.25 mg/day seems also to be effective, especially in late-postmenopausal women. In women with established osteoporosis, bone density of the axial and appendicular skeleton increases with tibolone. In comparative studies, tibolone 2.5 mg/day seems to be as effective as conventional hormone replacement therapy regimens. There are no direct comparative studies between tibolone and bisphosphonates or raloxifene. Furthermore, to establish the efficacy of tibolone for prevention of osteoporotic fractures, studies of the magnitude of reduction in fracture risk remain to be conducted. Finally, tibolone seems to be effective in preserving bone density in patients treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist.
Admission control for roadside unit access in Intelligent Transportation Systems (2009)

Roadside units can provide a variety of potential services for passing-by vehicles in future intelligent transportation systems. Since each vehicle has a limited time period when passing by a roadside unit, it is important to predict whether a service can be finished in time. In this paper, we focus on admission control problems, which are important especially when a roadside unit is in or close to overloaded conditions. Traditional admission control schemes mainly concern long-term flows, such as VOIP and multimedia service. They are not applicable to highly mobile vehicular environments. Our analysis finds that it is not necessarily accurate to use deadline to evaluate the risk whether a flow can be finished in time. Instead, we introduce a potential metric to more accurately predict the total data size that can be transmitted to/from a vehicle. Based on this new concept, we formulate the admission control task as a linear programming problem and then propose a lexicographically maxmin algorithm to solve the problem. Simulation results demonstrate that our scheme can efficiently make admission decisions for coming transmission requests and effectively avoid system overload.
Thermodynamic Parameters of Electrochemical Oxidation of <scp>l</scp>-DOPA: Experimental and Theoretical Studies (2012)

Electrode potential and thermodynamic parameters of the electrochemical reaction of L-DOPA in aqueous solution are obtained experimentally by cyclic voltammetry method and also calculated theoretically using accurate ab initio calculations (G3MP2//B3LYP) along with the available solvation model of CPCM. The pH dependence of the redox activity of L-DOPA in aqueous solution at temperatures in the range of 10-30 °C was used for the experimental determination of the standard reduction potential, changes of entropy, enthalpy, and Gibbs free energy for the studied reaction. The experimental formal redox potential of the two-proton-two-electron reduction process was obtained to be 0.745 V versus standard hydrogen electrode (SHE). The theoretical and experimental values (0.728 and 0.745 V) for the standard electrode potential of L-DOPA are in agreement with each other. The difference between the peak potential of the L-DOPA and the products, which are produced by chemical reactions, has been measured experimentally and also calculated theoretically. There is also an agreement between experimental and theoretical potential difference. Also in this work, the changes of thermodynamic functions of solvation are calculated from the differences between the solution-phase experimental values and the gas-phase theoretical values.
Overexpression of forkhead Box C2 promotes tumor metastasis and indicates poor prognosis in colon cancer via regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition. (2015)

Forkhead box protein C2 (FOXC2) plays a vital role in carcinogenesis; however, its significance and prognostic value in colon cancer remain unclear. In this study, FOXC2 expression was analyzed in a tissue microarray (TMA) containing 185 samples of primary colon cancer tumor samples and in human colon cancer cell lines. The effect of FOXC2 on cell proliferation, tumorigenesis, and metastasis was examined in vitro and in vivo. FOXC2 was overexpressed in human colon cancer cells and tissues, and correlated with colon cancer progression and patient survival. Functional study demonstrated that FOXC2 promoted cell growth, cell migration, and tumor formation in nude mice, whereas knockdown of FOXC2 by short hairpin RNA (shRNAs) significantly suppressed cell growth, cell migration and tumor formation. Further study found that FOXC2 enhanced AKT activity with subsequent GSK-3β phosphorylation and Snail stabilization, and then induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promoted tumor invasion and metastasis. Collectively, FOXC2 promotes colon cancer metastasis by facilitating EMT and acts as a potential prognostic factor and therapeutic target in colon cancer.
再造神话——《神话时代》制作大揭密 (2005)

制作第一代Age of Empires游戏非常难，由于没有经验，很多不熟悉的东西都要尝试一下才知道行不行，开发过程中经历很多挫折，大家甚至放弃最初美好的设想。同时也会犯不少错误，也会得到很多经验教训。
Summary of the 16th IAEA Technical Meeting on ‘Research using Small Fusion Devices’ (2006)

Common research topics that are being studied in small, medium and large devices such as H-mode like or improved confinement, turbulence and transport are reported. These included modelling and diagnostic developments for edge and core, to characterize plasma density, temperature, electric potential, plasma flows, turbulence scale, etc. Innovative diagnostic methods were designed and implemented which could be used to develop experiments in small devices (in some cases not possible in large devices due to higher power deposition) to allow a better understanding of plasma edge and core properties.
A file-system-aware FTL design for flash-memory storage systems (2009)

As flash memory became popular over various platforms, there is a strong demand on the performance degradation problem, due to the special characteristics of flash memory. This research proposes the design of a file-system-aware flash translation layer, in which a filter mechanism is designed to separate the access requests of file-system metadata and file contents for better performance. A recovery scheme is then proposed to maintain the integrity of a file system. The proposed flash translation layer is implemented as a Linux device driver and evaluated with respect to ext2 and ext3 file systems. The experimental results show significant performance improvement over ext2 and ext3 file systems with limited system overheads.
Radix clematidis extract inhibits UVB-induced MMP expression by suppressing the NF-κB pathway in human dermal fibroblasts (2009)

Ultraviolet (UV)B irradiation induces the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are responsible for the degradation of collagenous extracellular matrix in connective tissues, causing skin photoaging. Although Radix clematidis is commonly used in Chinese medicine for the treatment of arthralgia, the anti-skin photoaging effects of Radix clematidis have not yet been reported. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of Radix clematidis extract (RCE) on MMP-1 and -3 expression of human dermal fibroblast cells via various in vitro experiments and elucidated the pathways of inhibition. Western blot analysis and real-time PCR revealed RCE inhibited UVB-induced MMP-1 and -3 expressions in a dose-dependent manner. UVB strongly activated nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity, which was determined by IkappaBalpha degradation, nuclear localization of p50 and p65 subunit, and NF-kappaB binding activity. However, UVB-induced NF-kappaB activation was completely blocked by RCE pretreatment. These findings suggest that RCE prevents UVB-induced MMP expression through inhibition of NF-kappaB activation. In conclusion, RCE is a potential agent for the prevention and treatment of skin photoaging.
In Situ Generated Janus Fabrics for the Rapid and Efficient Separation of Oil from Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions (2016)

A cotton fabric was coated with a polymer that contains both poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) and poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA). When the repeat unit number of PDMS is about three-fold that of PDMAEMA and the fabric is exposed to air, the fabric is superhydrophobic because PDMS in the coating covers the PDMAEMA chains. Upon contact with an oil-in-water emulsion, the water-soluble PDMAEMA rises to the top and the side in contact with the emulsion becomes hydrophilic. The emerged PDMAEMA chains then cause the emulsion droplets to coagulate, and the aggregated oil fills the pores on the superhydrophobic side of the fabric. The oil-impregnated side remains hydrophobic even upon prolonged contact with water. Thus, a Janus fabric is elegantly generated in situ and sustained. This easy-to-prepare Janus fabric rapidly and efficiently separates oil from emulsions and may find practical applications.