gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endodomain Diversity in the<i>Drosophila</i>Dscam and Its Roles in Neuronal Morphogenesis (2009)

Drosophila Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam) can be variably spliced to encode 152,064 distinct single-pass transmembrane proteins. In addition to 19,008 possible ectodomains and two alternative transmembrane segments, it may carry endodomains containing or lacking exons 19 and 23. Here, we determine the role of Dscam endodomain diversity in neural development. Dscam with full-length endodomain is largely restricted to embryogenesis. In contrast, most Dscams lack exons 19 and 23 at postembryonic stages. As implicated from the expression patterns, removal of Dscam exon 19-containing variants disrupts wiring of embryonic neurons while silencing of Dscam transcripts lacking exon 19 or exon 23 effectively blocks postembryonic neuronal morphogenesis. Furthermore, compared with exon 19-containing Dscam, transgenic Dscam without exon 19 is more efficiently targeted to neurites and more potently suppresses axon bifurcation in Dscam mutant neurons. In sum, Dscam with or without exon 19 in its endodomain is used to govern different stage-specific neuronal morphogenetic processes, possibly due to differences in protein targeting.
Software Aging Analysis of the Android Mobile OS (2016)

Mobile devices are significantly complex, feature-rich, and heavily customized, thus they are prone to software reliability and performance issues. This paper considers the problem of software aging in Android mobile OS, which causes the device to gradually degrade in responsiveness, and to eventually fail. We present a methodology to identify factors (such as workloads and device configurations) and resource utilization metrics that are correlated with software aging. Moreover, we performed an empirical analysis of recent Android devices, finding that software aging actually affects them. The analysis pointed out processes and components of the Android OS affected by software aging, and metrics useful as indicators of software aging to schedule software rejuvenation actions.
Scaling effect on electromigration in on-chip Cu wiring (2003)

Electromigration in on-chip plated Cu damascene interconnections has been investigated for metal line widths from 0.24 /spl mu/m to 1.3 /spl mu/m. Void growth at the cathode end and protrusions at the anode end of the lines have been found to be the main causes of failure. The failure lifetime was found to decrease linearly with decrease in the cross-sectional area of the line. This behavior can be explained by interface diffusion as the dominant path for transport and by the bamboo-like nature of the microstructure. The factor of n for the lifetime dependence on current density for 0.28 /spl mu/m wide lines, /spl tau/=/spl tau//sub 0/j/sup -n/, was found to increase from 1 to 2 as j increased beyond 25 mA//spl mu/m/sup 2/.
Clinical Evaluation of Pain Treatment with Electrostimulation (1994)

In this study, the beneficial effect of TENS appeared to be related to the etiology of the underlying pain. The effect of TENS was maintained for > 6 months in the majority of patients with an immediate favorable response. Supporting instructions are crucial for long-term success.
Fabricatiion of 3D microfluidic networks with a hybrid stamp (2013)

We report on a novel methodology for fabricating multilayer, high aspect ratio, 3D microfluidic structures with through-layer vias that can be bonded between two hard substrates. It is realized by using a plastic plate embedded PDMS stamp in soft lithography to obtain flat and open PDMS structures that can be stacked to form multiplayer 3D microfluidic networks in high yield without severe structure distortion. Our method also allows the control of the curvature of the channel sidewalls and the shape of channel cross section that may open up profound applications in electrokinetics, microoptics, and inertia microfluidics.
Fabrication of detectors and transistors on high-resistivity silicon (1988)

A new process for the fabrication of silicon p-i-n diode radiation detectors is described. The utilization of backside gettering in the fabrication process results in the actual physical removal of detrimental impurities from critical device regions. This reduces the sensitivity of detector properties to processing variables while yielding low diode reverse-leakage currents. In addition, gettering permits the use of processing temperatures compatible with integrated-circuit fabrication. P-channel MOSFETs and silicon p-i-n diodes have been fabricated simultaneously on 10 k..cap omega../center dot/cm<100> silicon using conventional integrated-circuit processing techniques. 25 refs., 5 figs.
MatchMaker- A Flexible Synchronizing Mechanism for Distributed Applications through Firewalls (2006)

Middleware for supporting the programming of distributed systems has been developed since almost the beginnings of the existence of the Internet. Different approaches have been implemented in order to support different ways of communication, architecture, and data sharing. In this paper we present a schema called MatchMaker developed for developing applications requiring a replicated architecture, dynamic and partial synchronization. Two implementations of MatchMaker are presented: one based on Java's RMI distributed objects for synchronizing applications running inside a local area network or networks without proxies, firewalls or NAT addresses, and the other for applications in a more restrictive environment. MatchMaker has been successfully used for developing many applications supporting collaborative distributed learning
Get the Answers When You Buy a Sewing Machine (1952)

Of all the equipment about your house, perhaps none is more personally yours than your sewing machine. Usually it's a once-in-a-lifetime buy. It's an expensive piece of equipment- thoughnot so expensive as some of the other items of household equipments you purchase.
Personal Rehabilitation Exercise Assistant with Kinect and Dynamic Time Warping (2013)

Constant rehabilitation exercises at home are usually required for complimenting prescribed exercises executed in a hospital setting and for expediting a patient's physical recovery. One of the main issues is to provide technological support for making home-based rehabilitation offering similar outcomes to hospital-based rehabilitation with an occupational physician presented. This paper presents our development of a Kinect-based system for ensuring home-based rehabilitation (KHRD) using Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm and fuzzy logic. The ultimate goal is to offer assistance for patients to conduct home-based rehabilitation without the presence of a physician and to avoid adverse events.
RECURRENT PATTERNS IN DST TIME SERIES (2003)

This study reports one approach for the classification of magnetic storms into recurrent patterns. A storm event is defined as a local minimum of Dst index. The analysis of Dst index for the period of year 1957 through year 2000 has demonstrated that a large portion of the storm events can be classified into a set of recurrent patterns. In our approach, the classification is performed by seeking a categorization that minimizes thermodynamic free energy which is defined as the sum of classification errors and entropy. The error is calculated as the squared sum of the value differences between events. The classification depends on the noise parameter T that represents the strength of the intrinsic error in the observation and classification process. The classification results would be applicable in space weather forecasting.
Mapping of bactericidal epitopes on the P2 porin protein of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (1994)

The P2 porin protein is the major outer membrane protein of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae and is a potential target of a protective immune response. Nine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to P2 were developed by immunizing mice with nontypeable H. influenzae whole organisms. Each MAb reacted exclusively with the homologous strain in a whole-cell immunodot assay demonstrating exquisite strain specificity. All nine MAbs recognized abundantly expressed surface-exposed epitopes on the intact bacterium by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. Each MAb was bactericidal to the homologous strain in an in vitro complement-mediated killing assay. Immunoblot assay of cyanogen bromide cleavage products of purified P2 indicated that MAb 5F2 recognized the 10-kDa fragment, and the other eight MAbs recognized the 32-kDa fragment. Competitive ELISAs confirmed that 5F2 recognized an epitope that is different from the other eight MAbs. To further localize epitopes, MAbs 5F2 and 6G3 were studied in protein footprinting by using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Three potential epitope-containing peptides which were reactive in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with both 5F2 and 6G3 were isolated. These peptides were identified by N-terminal amino acid sequence and localized to loops 5 and 8 of the proposed model for P2. Fusion proteins consisting of glutathione S-transferase fused with variable-length peptides from loops 5 and 8 were expressed in the pGEX-2T vector. Immunoblot assay of fusion peptides of loops 5 and 8 confirmed that 5F2 recognized an epitope within residues 338 to 354 of loop 8; 6G3 and the remaining MAbs recognized an epitope within residues 213 to 229 of loop 5. These studies indicate that nontypeable H. influenzae contains bactericidal epitopes which have been mapped to two different surface-exposed loops of the P2 molecule. These potentially protective epitopes are strain specific and abundantly expressed on the surface of the intact bacterium.
Electrokinetic Migration of Permanganate Through Low‐Permeability Media (2008)

This research was conducted to evaluate the combination of electromigration and potassium permanganate as a potential remediation method for low-permeability media (e.g., soil and sediment) contaminated with dissolved and sorbed organic contaminants. The experimental procedure was composed of two stages: determination of migration rates of permanganate through homogeneous cores and a primarily qualitative analysis of migration in more heterogeneous, two-dimensional scenarios. Results indicated that transport of permanganate through fine-grained porous media and clays can be undertaken using electromigration, and electromigration rates were found to be at least 400% faster than diffusion alone. In addition, the use of an applied electric field in a flushing scenario was shown to result in almost 100% sweep efficiency of a domain consisting of clay blocks interspersed in a glass bead medium. The results of the study show that there is potential for this method to be able to deliver permanganate and other potential remedial agents to treat contaminated zones within heterogeneous and low-permeability porous media through in situ chemical oxidation or other processes.
Beet‐Sugar Handbook (2005)

Preface. Acknowledgments. Chapter 1 Basics of Beet-Sugar Technology. Section 1 Sugar. Section 2 Beet-Sugar Factory. Section 3 Sugar Terminology. Section 4 Sucrose Properties. Section 5 Carbohydrates. Chapter 2 Sugarbeet Farming. Chapter 3 Sugarbeet Processing. Section 1 Beet Receiving and Storage. Section 2 Beet Drycleaning. Section 3 Beet Conveying and Fluming. Section 4 Stone and Trash Separation. Section 5 Beet Washing and Flume-Water Treatment. Section 6 Beet Slicing. Section 7 Juice Diffusion. Section 8 Pulp Treatment. Section 9 Milk-of-Lime and Carbonation-Gas Production. Section 10 Juice Purifi cation. Section 11 Sedimentation and Filtration. Section 12 Steam and Power Production. Section 13 Juice Evaporation. Section 14 Juice Decolorization and Sulfi tation. Section 15 Juice Storage. Section 16 Syrup Crystallization. Section 17 Molasses Exhaustion. Section 18 Massecuite Centrifuging. Section 19 Sugar Drying, Storing, and Packing. Section 20 Production of Specialty Sugars. Chapter 4 Quality Control. Chapter 5 Ion-Exchange Resin. Chapter 6 Juice-Softening Process. Chapter 7 Molasses-Softening Process (C. D. Rhoten). Chapter 8 Molasses-Desugaring Process. Chapter 9 Refi ning Raw Cane Sugar in a Beet-Sugar Factory. Chapter 10 Environmental Concerns of a Beet-Sugar Factory (J. L. Carlson). Chapter 11 Sugar Laboratory and Methods of Analysis. Section 1 Laboratory Organization. Section 2 Laboratory Analytical Instruments. Section 3 Laboratory Reagents. Section 4 Beet-End Methods of Analysis. Section 5 Sugar-End Methods of Analysis. Section 6 Quality-Control Methods of Analysis. Section 7 Special Methods of Analysis. Section 8 Molasses-Desugaring Methods of Analysis. Section 9 Environmental Methods of Analysis. Section 10 Laboratory Safety and First Aid. Chapter 12 Basics of Science Related to Sugar Technology. Section 1 Basics of Chemistry. Section 2 Basics of Mathematics and Statistics. Appendix. Tables. References. Glossary. Index.
A Self-Scheduling Multi-Channel Cognitive Radio MAC Protocol Based on Cooperative Communications (2011)

As the demand for spectrum for future wireless communication services increases, cognitive radio technology has been developed for dynamic and opportunistic spectrum access, which enables the secondary users to use the underutilized licensed spectrum of the primary users. In particular, the recent studies on the MAC protocol for dynamic and opportunistic access have focused on sensing and using the vacant spectrum efficiently. Under the ad-hoc network environment, how the secondary users use the unused channels by the primary users affects the efficient utilization of channels and a cognitive radio system is required to follow the rapid and frequent changes in channel status. In this paper, we propose a self-scheduling multi-channel cognitive MAC (SMC-MAC) protocol, which allows multiple secondary users to transmit data though the sensed idle channels by two cooperative channel sensing algorithms, i.e., fixed channel sensing (FCS) and adaptive channel sensing (ACS), and by slotted contention mechanism to exchange channel request information for self-scheduling. The performance of the proposed SMC-MAC protocol is investigated via analysis and simulations. According to the results, the proposed SMC-MAC protocol is effective in allowing multiple secondary users to transmit data frames effectively on multi-channels and adaptively in response to the primary users' traffic dynamics.
Development of a feature-based approach to automated image registration for multitemporal and multisensor remotely sensed imagery (2002)

A new feature-based approach to automated multitemporal and multisensor image registration is presented. The characteristics of this technique is that it combines moment invariant shape descriptors with modified chain code correlation to establish the correspondences between potential matched regions in two images. It also overcomes the difficulties in control point correspondence in image matching caused by the problem of feature inconsistency. In image segmentation, the authors use the improved Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG) zero-crossing edge detector. Feature matching is done in both feature space and image space based on moment invariant distance and improved chain code correlation. The centers of gravity are then extracted from matched regions and used as control points. The final transformation parameters are estimated based on the final matched control points. Experimental results using multitemporal Landsat TM imagery are presented.
Presence of a modified low density lipoprotein in humans. (1988)

Low density lipoproteins (LDL) collected from 18 fasting humans were subjected to ion exchange chromatography on DEAE Sepharose. By this procedure, a LDL subfraction was isolated with an electric charge more negative than the LDL bulk. This LDL appeared to be mainly characterized by low phospholipid content, high free cholesterol and protein content, low esterified/free cholesterol ratio, and a high content of conjugated dienes, particularly of cholesterol esters. This subfraction, in an amount ranging from 5% to 20% of total LDL, was characterized by the presence of apo B-100 and protein aggregates that were reactive to anti-apo B monoclonal antibodies. Electron microscopy showed the more electronegative LDL to be heterogeneous in size with a tendency to aggregate. This LDL had low binding capacity with high affinity receptors of fibroblasts and low immunoreactivity with the monoclonal antibodies that recognize the receptor binding domain of apo B. Finally, the incubation of this LDL subfraction with cultured macrophages led to a higher increase in cellular cholesterol in spite of a lower rate of uptake as compared to the LDL bulk and to acetyl-LDL. The more electronegative LDL subfraction that we isolated for chemico-physical behavior and conjugated diene content may represent the peroxidized aliquot of human LDL.
Top-1: a snoop-cache-based multiprocessor (1990)

A novel cache coherence protocol and the performance analysis of a snoop-cache-based multiprocessor, TOP-1, which is tightly coupled and has pure shared memory, are presented. TOP-1 has two 64-b buses with interleaved address access to provide a high data-transfer rate, and a large snoop cache to provide a high cache hit ratio. It also has a TOP-1 hybrid coherence protocol, which allows a write-update protocol and a write-invalidate protocol to exist simultaneously. These protocols can be dynamically changed on the fly without any coherence problem. Each processor card has a statistics unit which collects various important statistical data without any hardware overhead. An overview of the TOP-1 architecture and its concepts is presented. The authors also present the TOP-1 hybrid protocol and explain how it works. They discuss the TOP-1 protocol and its performance by comparing the write-update and write-invalidate protocols.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Finite-Horizon Robust Integrated Guidance-Control of a Moving-Mass Actuated Kinetic Warhead (2006)

A game-theoretic approach to the design of robust integrated guidance-control system for a moving-mass actuated kinetic warhead is presented. Feedback linearized form of the kinetic warhead dynamics and a high-order target model are used in the formulation. Nonlinear feedback solution to the robust finite-horizon target interception problem is derived using the recently developed multi-stepping algorithm. Due to its computational efficiency, the multi-stepping algorithm is suitable for real-time implementation. Interception of targets in the presence of modeling uncertainties is demonstrated in nonlinear engagement simulations.
Mockingjay: Unsupervised Speech Representation Learning with Deep Bidirectional Transformer Encoders (2020)

We present Mockingjay as a new speech representation learning approach, where bidirectional Transformer encoders are pre-trained on a large amount of unlabeled speech. Previous speech representation methods learn through conditioning on past frames and predicting information about future frames. Whereas Mockingjay is designed to predict the current frame through jointly conditioning on both past and future contexts. The Mockingjay representation improves performance for a wide range of downstream tasks, including phoneme classification, speaker recognition, and sentiment classification on spoken content, while outperforming other approaches. Mockingjay is empirically powerful and can be fine-tuned with downstream models, with only 2 epochs we further improve performance dramatically. In a low resource setting with only 0.1% of labeled data, we outperform the result of Mel-features that uses all 100% labeled data.
Enhanced Timestamping Method for Subnanosecond Time Synchronization in IEEE 802.11 Over WLAN Standard Conditions (2020)

The time-sensitive network paradigm envisions the integration of operation technology and information technology in the same network. One of the requirements for building time-sensitive networks is sharing a global time along the network. This requirement is especially critical in wireless systems, where there are few robust methods to perform accurate time transfer. In this article, the problem of time transfer over realistic wireless channels is studied, and a time distribution scheme is proposed. The time distribution scheme has three components: Precision time protocol, a novel timestamping method (enhanced timestamps) and an algorithm to implement the enhanced timestamps. The performance of the proposed scheme has been evaluated in MATLAB using the IEEE 802.11n Standard under several standard wireless local area network channel models. The results show that the system can reach subnanosecond time transfer accuracy under non-line-of-sight and time-variant conditions, but its performance greatly depends on the signal-to-noise ratio and on the channel variation rate.
Efficacy comparison of medications approved for chronic weight management (2015)

For the first time, patients who are obese are able to benefit from 5 different FDA approved pharmacologic agents for chronic weight management. Although weight loss from all of these medications was limited to 5% to 10% of total body weight loss in the Phase III clinical trials, patients are capable of losing more weight when a cumulative approach of diet, exercise, and multiple medications are used. A pilot study of adding phentermine to lorcaserin yielded double the weight loss than lorcaserin alone. A higher percentage of total body weight is lost with use of combination phentermine/topiramate compared to orlistat, lorcaserin, and bupropion/naltrexone but there are more contraindications to its use and potential cardiovascular adverse effects due to adrenergic agonism. Lorcaserin and bupropion/naltrexone yielded similar weight loss but carry different adverse effect profiles and interactions with other psychiatric medications may preclude use of one over the other. When choosing a medication for obesity, several factors need to be considered, such as comorbidities, medication interactions, and risk of potential adverse effects.
Plasma Homovanillic Acid Levels in First-Episode Schizophrenia (1994)

These findings suggest that pHVA levels have prognostic significance for response and time to reach remission. Qualitative and quantitative differences between first-episode patients' pHVA levels and studies using a long-term, neuroleptic-exposed population suggest that changes occur with neuroleptic treatment or the progression of the illness.
Sexual revictimization in a clinical sample of women reporting childhood sexual abuse (2009)

The results showed an increased psychological vulnerability among women with ASA, but whether the results are cause or effect of sexual revictimization or can be generalized to other clinical samples are not clear. Interventions targeting the increased risk of ASA should be developed, implemented and tested in prevention as well treatment programmes.