gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Fiber Optics Video Transmission</title> (1976)

The transmission of analog video signals is one of the many promising applications of fiber optics technology. With the advent of high power, high radiance GaAlAs double heterostructure light emitting diodes which have adequate linearity, and low loss optical fiber cables the design of point-to-point baseband video bandwidth systems has become straightforward. This paper discusses LED characteristics, including linearity and its effect on differential gain, receiver design and signal to noise ratio, and overall link performance. It is shown that transmission links of up to 2 km at 56 dB S/N are possible without the use of intermediate line amplifiers. The performance of a 10 MHz bandwidth demonstration link containing one line amplifier is better than 0.1 dB differential gain and 0.2Ã° differential phase at a S/N of 53 dB.
Current status of transrectal ultrasonography in the detection of prostate cancer. (1991)

Transrectal ultrasonography is a new procedure for detecting prostate cancer. Better imaging of the prostate results in a better understanding of the appearance of prostate cancer and a heightened awareness of cancer location within the prostate. The appearance of malignancy frequently is a hypoechoic lesion, most often in the peripheral zone of the prostate. Biopsy of suspected areas of the prostate is also more accurate when done in conjunction with transrectal ultrasonography, which also allows evaluation of lesions not yet palpable on rectal examination. This has introduced the concepts of early detection and mass screening for prostate cancer. Although controversial and limited by low specificity, transrectal ultrasonography is a valuable addition for better detection of prostate cancer.
Purification of crude biodiesel using dry washing and membrane technologies (2015)

Purification of crude biodiesel is mandatory for the fuel to meet the strict international standard specifications for biodiesel. Therefore, this paper carefully analyzed recently published literatures which deal with the purification of biodiesel. As such, dry washing technologies and the most recent membrane biodiesel purification process have been thoroughly examined. Although purification of biodiesel using dry washing process involving magnesol and ion exchange resins provides high-quality biodiesel fuel, considerable amount of spent absorbents is recorded, besides the skeletal knowledge on its operating process. Further, recent findings have shown that biodiesel purification using membrane technique could offer high-quality biodiesel fuel with less wastewater discharges. Thus, both researchers and industries are expected to benefit from the development of membrane technique in purifying crude biodiesel. As well biodiesel purification via membranes has been shown to be environmentally friendly. For these reasons, it is important to explore and exploit membrane technology to purify crude biodiesel.
Stable Fluorophosphines: Predicted and Realized Ligands for Catalysis (2011)

Ligand maps lead to treasure! The activity of complexes of fluorophosphines (R2PF) in catalytic hydroformylation and hydrocyanation is predicted from a ligand map. However, the instability of R2PF to disproportionation is well-documented. Examples of R2PF ligands (see scheme) are described that are stabilized to such an extent that they can be used in catalysis and are shown to be highly effective.
Biological Evidence for the Benefit of Green Tea and EGCG in Arthritis (2009)

The use of complimentary and alternative medicine (CAM) approaches is becoming increasingly popular among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). Arthritis is a leading cause of work-related disabilities affecting approximately 1.0% of the United States population. The lack of adequate response combined with increased risk of adverse events to conventional therapy in RA or OA patients has prompted interest in evaluating CAM options for arthritis. In this regard, the last decade has shown a growing popularity of green tea (GT) in the management of arthritis. Researchers are studying GT and its constituents to provide scientific rationale for its benefit in arthritis. This review summarizes the disease pathogenesis and novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of arthritis. I also tried to address the current treatment options that are available as well as their limitations. Finally, this article reviews the emerging role of GT and its polyphenol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), in arthritis. Although the recent findings provide scientific evidence of the efficacy of GT or EGCG in several in vitro and in vivo models of arthritis, further preclinical studies to validate its safety profile and additional phase-clinical trials in RA patients are warranted to authenticate its beneficial effect in arthritis and possibly other rheumatic conditions.
Human and artificial milks for infant feeding (1981)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
A new species of mealybug in the genus Pseudococcus (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) of quarantine importance (1997)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
<b>HYBRIDOMAS AND MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES: APPLICATIONS IN ONCOLOGY</b> (1982)

The fusion of individual lymphocyte and myeloma cells to produce a hybridoma has led to the production of monoclonal antibodies. These highly specific reagents are now being used to define tumour associated antigens – important for the diagnosis, localization and treatment of cancer.
Development of a Finite Element Model of the Human Skull (1995)

Head injury is the most frequent injury resulting from traffic accidents. Head injury mechanisms are difficult to study experimentally due to the variety of impact conditions involved, as well as ethical issues, such as the use of human cadavers and animals. Finite element modeling is a comprehensive technique through which human head impact tolerance can be studied. A finite element human head model would ideally allow for the assessment of the injurious effects of different impact conditions and enable the development of enhanced head injury and protection criteria. The paper describes the development of a three-dimensional finite element model based on the anatomical features of the adult human cranium. The complex cranial geometry was measured from a series of two-dimensional computer tomography images. The CT scans were transformed with a self-developed preprocessor into a finite element mesh. To model the skull's impact responses, valid material properties are required. The mechanical characteristics of cranial bone were investigated experimentally at Heidelberg University's Institute for Forensic Medicine. To create a sample of material properties for use in the human head model, statistical analyses of the experimental results were undertaken. The tests were modeled with the finite element method and a numerical material model representing the mechanical properties of the human skull bone was developed. The first approach to validate the model and to investigate different boundary conditions by using experimental data is shown.
The path planning of cleaner robot for coverage region using Genetic Algorithms (2016)

The vacuum cleaner robot should have a mechanism such as the artificial intelligence to solve the problem of cleaning the entire environment areas taking into account some factors such as the number of turns and the length of the trajectory. This robot's mechanism or task is known as the path planning of coverage region (PPCR). In this paper, to resolve the problem of PPCR in a room environment, we propose an evolutionary approach. The latter is based on Genetic Algorithms (GA) which, consist of several steps to get the solutions. Each gene represents the robot position and some of chromosomes represent also the mini-path. In addition, this algorithm helps the robot to pass through every part of the environment by avoiding obstacles using different sensors. The results of simulation and comparison studies demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach.
Constructing dense correspondences to analyze 3D facial change (2004)

This paper presents an improved method to construct dense correspondences for 3D facial analysis, which are capable of providing a full 3D description of a surface and extending the conventional landmark-based approaches. Based on the technique of elastic deformation, the dense correspondences are established by mapping a generic model onto the 3D surface of an individual. The method used here is accurate in driving the conformation of the generic model and efficient in dealing with outliers, which can appear during local deformation. The experiments indicate for open surfaces as face with this method, more than 95 percent of triangles on the deformed generic mesh are within the range of 1 mm to the original model and the average landmark errors are only 2 mm.
Studies on the 2-Phenylglycine Derivatives having Antispasmodic Activity and their Related Compounds. III (1962)

A number of 3-substituted 2-piperazinones were synthesized. Usually 3-substituted 4-methyl-2-piperazinone hydriodides were obtained by their methylation with methyl iodide, but 3, 3-diphenyl-4-methyl-2-piperazinone crystallized out in free form. These compounds have substantially no antispasmodic activity.
Expert Systems as a Diagnostic Aid in Otoneurology (1990)

Expert systems (ES) are a new tool for information processing developed by the branch of computer science known as artificial intelligence. ES are capable of solving problems in a given domain by using the knowledge and emulating the behaviour of specialists in that field. ES can be used as powerful tools for education since they are able to justify their own conclusions and to make the underlying reasoning explicit. This paper presents 'Vertigo', an ES aimed at the classification and diagnosis of different forms of dizziness. It has been conceived mainly as a teaching tool in otoneurological departments. The rationale of this project, its development, the structure and the use of the system are described. So far, 'Vertigo' has been tested on more than 200 cases of dizziness and is presently being used by ENT residents during their otoneurology stage.
Association of <i>CHFR</i> Promoter Methylation with Disease Recurrence in Locally Advanced Colon Cancer (2011)

The extent of CHFR promoter methylation correlates with RFS, indicating it is a promising epigenetic marker for recurrence.
TORSION-BAR SUSPENSION (1948)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">TORSION-BAR suspension is of great military importance, Col. Colby says, because its large shock-absorbing capacity gives the following advantages:</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph"> <ol class="list nostyle"> <li class="list-item"> <span class="li-label">1.</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Higher sustained speed over adverse battlefield terrain.</div> </li> <li class="list-item"> <span class="li-label">2.</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Greater comfort of tank operating personnel and reduction of fatigue.</div> </li> <li class="list-item"> <span class="li-label">3.</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">More reliable vehicle because components are cushioned from shock.</div> </li> <li class="list-item"> <span class="li-label">4.</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">More stable firing platform for delivery of effective firepower.</div> </li> <li class="list-item"> <span class="li-label">5.</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Improved obstacle-crossing ability.</div> </li> <li class="list-item"> <span class="li-label">6.</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Better traction.</div> </li> <li class="list-item"> <span class="li-label">7.</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">More reliable track operation through the use of the compensator.</div> </li> <li class="list-item"> <span class="li-label">8.</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Greater protection because much of the mechanism is behind armor plates.</div> </li> </ol> </div>
Design and Realization of a New Type Photoelectric Direction Finding System (2006)

The four quadrant photoelectric detector has already been widely used in the photoelectric signal defection,photoelectric direction finding,photoelectric collimation,photoelectricity cenfering,photoelectricity autotracking,photoelectric guidance,etc.technical fields.This paper describes adopting 650 nm laser as the light source,using four quadrants photoelectric detector as the receiver.The received four channel signals are amplified,then with A/D converter and single-chip computer the light source accurate position is measured.It uses twodimensional manual platform to control laser instrument,two-dimension automatic platform to control four quadrant detector,then the coordinates of the facula centre is obtained accurately,after that the facula orbit on the computer is displayed with software.This system has high precision,low price,easness of control automaticallying and is easy to operate.
Wetland Treatment of Pulp Mill Wastewater (1994)

Ten wetland ponds, each 1430 m2 (1/3 acre) in area are being utilized to evaluate the treatment of wastewater from a pulp mill. The ponds are being operated at a depth of 46 cm (18″) and detention times are 2 and 10 days. Six of the ponds have been planted to cattails (Typha latifolia) and three to bulrush (Scirpus acutus). One of the ponds is filled with large (150 mm) stone to compare a subsurface non-plant system. In 24 stock tanks, 8 aquatic plant species (Cattail, Hardstem Bulrush, Bolander's Rush, Common Spike Rush, Water Mannagrass, Beaked Sedge, Water Parsley and Yellow Pond Lily) are being grown to evaluate the effect of plants in the wetland treatment of wastewater. These same species are being evaluated in a larger area for competitiveness and hardiness in the wastewater. The ponds were planted in the winter of 1990/91. Results of this work on treatment of biochemical oxygen demand, solids and colour removal will be reported. Removals are in the range of 55%, 70% and less than 5% for the three parameters, respectively.
Optical image scanners and character recognition devices : a survey and new taxonomy (1989)

Includes bibliographical references (p. [54]-[56]).
ChemInform Abstract: Aromatic Amide Foldamers: Structures, Properties, and Functions (2012)

Abstract Review: 357 refs.
Fieldinduced Ion Chemistry Leading to the Formation of M-2nH and 2M-2mH Ions in Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry of Saturated Hydrocarbons (1996)

The formation of [M-2H]+• ions has been reported in the field desorption mass spectrometry of saturated hydrocarbons. It is shown that these ions predominantly have an alkene structure and that a field-induced ion chemistry in multimolecular or condensed layers produce [M-2nH]+• and [2M-2mH]+• ions with n and m = 1, 2, …, from saturated hydrocarbons. For the primary reaction of the dehydrogenation chemistry, a field-induced proton transfer from a molecular ion to a neighbouring molecule is suggested to produce an [M-H]+ ion and an [M-H]• radical after elimination of molecular hydrogen, which in secondary reactions form an alkene ion or a dimer ion. Multiple dehydrogenation occurs by repeating this reaction sequence with other parts of molecules having long alkyl chains. The primary reaction is inhibited by the admixture of molecules with lower ionization energies than those of the alkanes.
Infecção por Demodex canis em cães dermatologicamente sadios e com dermatopatias, procedentes região metropolitana de Recife, Estado de Pernambuco (2012)

Os ácaros do gênero Demodex são largamente encontrados na pele de mamíferos. D. canis pode ser encontrado parasitando o folículo piloso e glândulas sebáceas e sudoríparas apócrinas de cães e tem sido considerado componente habitual da microbiota acariana de cães normais. Contudo, apesar de a demodicose constituir-se em problema freqüente na clínica de pequenos animais, a avaliação da positividade para D. canis em uma população composta tanto por cães clinicamente sadios como por cães portadores de problemas dermatológicos raramente tem sido analisada. Objetivou-se neste trabalho estudar a frequência de infecção por D. canis em cães dermatologicamente sadios e em cães com dermatopatias, procedentes da região metropolitana do Recife. Foram utilizados 145 caninos domiciliados e 145 não domiciliados, de ambos os sexos, raças e idades variadas. Foi realizado exame parasitológico a partir de raspado de pele profundo, tratado com hidróxido de potássio (KOH) 10%. Para a análise estatística foi utilizado o programa SAS (Statistical Analysis System), obtendo-se distribuições absolutas e percentuais, e utilização do teste Qui-quadrado, ao nível de significância de 5,0%. Verificou-se ausência de infecção por D. canis entre os cães não portadores de dermatopatias e prevalencia de 17.2% (50/290) entre os portadores de dermatopatias. Não se observou associação estatisticamente significativa em relação ao sexo, raça e comprimento da pelagem dos animais.
Optimal realizations of simplified Toffoli gates (2004)

A simplified Toffoli gate coincides with the Toffoli gate except that the result is allowed to differ on one computational basis state by a phase factor. We prove that the simplified Toffoli gate implementation by Margolus is optimal, in the sense that it attains a lower bound of {\em three} controlled-not gates, and subject to that, a sharp lower bound of {\em four} single-qubit gates. We also discuss optimal implementations of other simplified Toffoli gates, and explain why the phase factor $-1$ invariably occurs in such implementations.
The Effects of Network Intensity on Unilateral and Bilateral Control Mechanisms (2015)

This paper proposes to explain how two firms rely on different types of control mechanisms (unilateral and bilateral) in an atmosphere of environmental uncertainty. We suggest that the buyer’s unilateral control is preferred when environmental uncertainty is high, rather than a more stable environment, as far as their suppliers are concerned. Our study focuses on the moderating effect of network intensity on the level of control mechanisms in uncertain environments. Exchange parties with strong ties may be likely to rely on bilateral control mechanisms, as far as their suppliers are concerned.
Water Control for Enhanced Oil Recovery (1981)

Abstract Gains in recovery efficiency in West Texas oil and gas fields have been realized as a result of applying four different chemical processes, either singly or in combination. Each of the four chemical processes reviewed has been tailored to meet certain specific reservoir requirements. For example, complete plugging of high flow capacity channels can often be accomplished. If desired, the high water production portion of a producing zone can be sealed by injection of gel-forming chemicals into the matrix. Both floodwater diversion and water-oil mobility ratio improvement can be attained by in situ polymerization of a unique one-stage polymer bank in the reservoir. In producing wells, the water-oil production ratio often can be favourably changed by treating certain formulations with a nonplugging polymer which tends to restrict water flow but not oil. One feature which each of the four processes has in common is the ability to invade deeply into matrix which may produce long lasting results. A description of each process is presented along with various placement techniques which have been used to obtain optimum results. Data from fields which have benefited from these treatments are presented. The paper describes what may be expected with each of these proven processes based on field results.
Active Convolution: Learning the Shape of Convolution for Image Classification (2017)

In recent years, deep learning has achieved great success in many computer vision applications. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have lately emerged as a major approach to image classification. Most research on CNNs thus far has focused on developing architectures such as the Inception and residual networks. The convolution layer is the core of the CNN, but few studies have addressed the convolution unit itself. In this paper, we introduce a convolution unit called the active convolution unit (ACU). A new convolution has no fixed shape, because of which we can define any form of convolution. Its shape can be learned through backpropagation during training. Our proposed unit has a few advantages. First, the ACU is a generalization of convolution, it can define not only all conventional convolutions, but also convolutions with fractional pixel coordinates. We can freely change the shape of the convolution, which provides greater freedom to form CNN structures. Second, the shape of the convolution is learned while training and there is no need to tune it by hand. Third, the ACU can learn better than a conventional unit, where we obtained the improvement simply by changing the conventional convolution to an ACU. We tested our proposed method on plain and residual networks, and the results showed significant improvement using our method on various datasets and architectures in comparison with the baseline. Code is available at https://github.com/jyh2986/Active-Convolution.
Design Optimization of Continuous Caster Refractory Components (2005)

The paper describes the design optimization of different refractory components used in the continuous casting process. In the first case, an impact pad of a continuous caster tundish is optimized for its turbulence suppression capability, while the inclusion particle trapping of the design is monitored. The impact pad is used in isolation as the only tundish furniture component. In the second case, the Submerged Entry Nozzle (SEN) of the continuous caster mold is optimized for minimum meniscus turbulent kinetic energy (i.e., stable meniscus). In both cases, the design variables are geometrical in nature. The steady-state flow and thermal patterns in the tundish and mold are obtained using the commercial CFD solver FLUENT. In order to perform optimization, the geometries are parameterized and incorporated into a mathematical optimization problem. FLUENT and its pre-processor GAMBIT are linked to a commercial design optimization tool, LS-OPT, to automatically improve the designs using metamodel approximations. The optimization results show a reduction of 12.5% in the turbulence on the slag layer of the tundish, while for the SEN, the results for one design iteration only are shown, due to the high cost of the function evaluations. The final paper will contain additional results. The SEN base and improved designs are validated using water modeling.