gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Method for Fast Shot Boundary Detection Based on SVM (2008)

An algorithm for fast shot boundary detection based on SVM (Support Vector Machine) is proposed. In this algorithm, smooth intervals inside shots are first eliminated from the original video frame sequence. During this process, a gray variance sequence is extracted and serves as the basis for the detection of smooth intervals. Then a new frame sequence named RFS (Reordered Frame Sequence) is formed. Video features such as intensity pixel-wise difference, color histogram differences in HSV space and edge histogram differences in X and Y direction are extracted from RFS. These features are presented as input vectors to the SVM to implement the cut detection. After the cut detection, temporal multi-resolution is applied to frames in RFS to fulfill the gradual change detection. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can implement the real-time shot boundary detection, while guarantee the performance.
Security Framework for Wireless Communications in Smart Distribution Grid (2011)

Communication networks play a critical role in smart grid, as the intelligence of smart grid is built based on information exchange across the power grid. In power transmission segments of smart grid, wired communications are usually adopted to ensure robustness of the backbone power network. In contrast, for a power distribution grid, wireless communications provide many benefits such as low cost high speed links, easy setup of connections among different devices/appliances, and so on. Connecting power equipment, devices, and appliances through wireless networks is indispensable for a smart distribution grid (SDG). However, wireless communications are usually more vulnerable to security attacks than wired ones. Developing appropriate wireless communication architecture and its security measures is extremely important for an SDG. Thus, these two problems are investigated in this paper. Firstly, a wireless communication architecture is proposed for an SDG based on wireless mesh networks (WMNs). The security framework under this communication architecture is then analyzed. More specifically, potential security attacks and possible counter-attack measures are studied. Within the security framework, a new intrusion detection and response scheme, called smart tracking firewall, is developed to meet the special requirements of SDG wireless communications. Performance results show that the smart tracking firewall can quickly detect and respond to security attacks and is thus suitable for real-time operation of an SDG.
Etude de structures de déphaseurs analogiques potentiellement intégrables a 900 MHz (1988)

Ce travail presente la conception et la realisation de dephaseurs analogiques potentiellement integrables a 900 mhz. Ces circuits ont ete concus en elements localises dans l'optique d'une integration monolithique. Ils allient a la fois simplicite et faible cout, tout en optimisant les performances concernant le dephasage, l'allure du gain ou des pertes, l'adaptation et la bande passante. Le premier dispositif etudie est le dephaseur en reflexion a diodes varactors, pour lequel les topologies des circuits de charge et du coupleur hybride ont ete optimisees. Le second dispositif presente dans cet ouvrage est un dephaseur en transmission: cette structure nouvelle associe a un transistor a effet de champ des diodes varactors. Pour ces deux types de dephaseurs, des circuits ont ete realises et testes; l'experience, en parfait accord avec la theorie, confirme les bonnes performances annoncees
Feasibility Study of an On-Board Natural Gas to Dimethyl Ether Reactor for Dimethyl Ether Preinjection and Enhanced Ignition (2004)

Dual fuel (CI) engines provide an excellent means of maintaining high thermal efficiency and power while reducing emissions. This is particularly true in situations where the main CI fuel does not exhibit good autoignition characteristics, such as diesel engines operating on natural gas usually in stationary applications such as a pipeline installation. This paper explores the feasibility of chemically synthesizing DME from natural gas “on-board” and using it as an ignition source for a dual fuel engine. Conversion from diesel to dual fuel operation merits substantial benefits in PM emission reduction. Assuming a 5% pilot amount, a “once through” process has been modeled and a first law analysis (using practical isentropic efficiencies) demonstrates that this combined system can be operated with a reduction of between 5%–10% of the equivalent diesel efficiency. Significant quantities (∼30vol%) of hydrogen are introduced to the natural gas as a byproduct of the DME synthesis process. The corresponding increase in combustion efficiency must be validated by experiments to determine DME and H2 requirements for successful pilot ignition of the natural gas/H2 mixture.
Quality control of reflectometric determinations of glucose in dried blood spots on filter paper. (1985)

We evaluated the effect of sampling of capillary blood on filter paper on the later analysis for glucose. We found the method simple and reliable. Determination at the central laboratory of glucose in blood collected onto filter paper and comparison of the results with those obtained with test strips read in reflectometers at outpatient units is easy. Collecting duplicate samples on filter paper facilitates quality control by avoiding the complications that arise from using quality-control solutions that are not directly comparable with fresh blood, and it avoids the disturbances of test strip chemistry attributable to the glycolysis inhibitors added to blood samples intended for quality control.
Organosolv Pulping of Bagasse with Formic Acid (2008)

Organosolv pulping process is an effective method to delignify lignocellulosic materials and produce pulp for paper.Formic acid pulping of bagasse was investigated under an atmospheric pressure condition.Under conditions with 90% (v/v) aqueous formic acid,ratio of liquor to bagasse 10(v/w),pulping temperature 100℃,and pulping time 80min,bagasse pulp could be produced.Meanwhile,a kinetic model for delignification of bagasse during cooking with formic acid was established by statistic method from experimental results,that is D (Delignification)=0.74689×C~(1.68799)×(1-exp(-0.05171t)),which can predict lignin removal during cooking process.
CSE1L/CAS, a microtubule-associated protein, inhibits taxol (paclitaxel)-induced apoptosis but enhances cancer cell apoptosis induced by various chemotherapeutic drugs (2008)

CSE1L/CAS, a microtubule-associated, cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein, is highly expressed in various cancers. Microtubules are the target of paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. We studied the effects of increased or reduced CAS expression on cancer cell apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic drugs including paclitaxel. Our results showed that CAS overexpression enhanced apoptosis induced by doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, and tamoxifen, but inhibited paclitaxel-induced apoptosis of cancer cells. Reductions in CAS produced opposite results. CAS overexpression enhanced p53 accumulation induced by doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, tamoxifen, and etoposide. CAS was associated with alpha-tubulin and beta-tubulin and enhanced the association between alpha-tubulin and beta-tubulin. Paclitaxel can induce G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and microtubule aster formation during apoptosis induction, but CAS overexpression reduced paclitaxel-induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and microtubule aster formation. Our results indicate that CAS may play an important role in regulating the cytotoxicities of chemotherapeutic drugs used in cancer chemotherapy against cancer cells.
Hemodialysis vascular access morbidity. (1996)

Complications associated with hemodialysis vascular access represent one of the most important sources of morbidity among ESRD patients in the United States today. In this study, new data on the magnitude and growth of vascular access-related hospitalization in the United States is presented, demonstrating that the costs of this morbidity will soon exceed $1 billion per yr. This study also reviews published literature on the morbidity associated specifically with native arteriovenous fistulae, polytetrafluoroethylene bridge grafts, and permanent central venous catheters. Next, new information on the changing patterns of vascular access type in the United States is presented, demonstrating the continuing evolution of medical practice away from the use of arteriovenous fistulae in favor of more reliance on synthetic bridge grafts. Based on these data, a discussion is provided of the tradeoffs among the most commonly available modalities of vascular access today. Although radial arteriovenous fistulae continue to represent the optimal access modality, the appropriate roles for brachial arteriovenous fistulae, synthetic bridge grafts, and central venous catheters are less certain because of inadequate data on the long-term function of the first and the high rates of complications associated with the latter two. To reduce vascular access-related morbidity, strategies must be developed not only to prevent and detect appropriately early synthetic vascular access dysfunction, but to better identify the patients in a whom radial arteriovenous fistula is a viable clinical option.
Fusion of redundant information in brake-by-wire systems using a fuzzy voter (2006)

In safety critical systems such as brake-by-wire, fault tolerance is usually provided by virtue of having redundant sensors and processing hardware. The redundant information provided by such components should be properly fused to achieve a reliable estimate of the safety critical variable that is sensed or processed by the redundant sensors or hardware. Voting methods are well-known solutions for this category of fusion problems. In this paper, a new voting method, using a fuzzy system for decision-making, is presented. The voted output of the proposed scheme is a weighted average of the sensors signals where the weights are calculated based on the antecedents and consequences of some fuzzy rules in a rulebase. In a case study, we have tested the fuzzy voter along with the well-known majority voting method for a by-wire brake pedal that is equipped with a displacement sensor and two force sensors. Our experimental results show that the performance of the proposed voting method is desirable in the presence of short circuits to ground or supply, excessive noise and sensor drifts. Voting error (in terms of mean square error) is reduced by 82% by the proposed fuzzy voting method, compared to majority voting.
Information System Ordering Online Restaurant Menu At Hover Cafe (2019)

The rapid development of technology requires every business person to upgrade his technology to more sophisticated. Many business people have upgraded their systems to be computerized and even online, one of the business people is in the culinary field. The culinary field which is meant for example is the cafe One thing that can support the quality of ordering in a cafe is the ordering process. In the hover cafe the menu ordering system is still conventional, using a menu book. This of course can be a problem because the menu book used can be damaged or lost so that it can slow down the ordering process, not to mention if the customer requests additional orders, the waiter must come to the customer's table to record additional orders again. The method used in this research is the method of data collection, the method of observation, the method of interviewing, and the method of literature study conducted to obtain accurate data. Then the data are analyzed with SWOT to find out the company's weaknesses and strengths. In describing the flow of the system using UML (Unified Modeling Language) and PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) as a programming language with a MySQL database as a database. Therefore we need a ordering media that utilizes information technology as a medium for selecting food and beverage (E-Menu) which can provide information about order menu details to facilitate customers in making and ordering food or beverage menus.
ADMINISTRATION OF A VACCINE PREPARED FROM THE AUSTRALIAN V4 STRAIN OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS BY AEROSOL AND DRINKING WATER (1978)

An experimental vaccine containing the avirulent Australian V4 strain of Newcastle disease virus was used to vaccinate 3-or 6-week-old chickens by aerosol and drinking water application. The chickens lacked maternally derived antibody to Newcastle disease virus. When the vaccine virus was diluted in tap water more than 90% of the infectivity was destroyed immediately. The addition of 0.25% skim milk prevented this loss and there was no loss in distilled water. Rates of inactivation at 37 degrees C were similar in tap water and distilled water and were unaffected by the addition of skim milk. Both methods of vaccination resulted in the production of haemagglutination-inhibition antibodies which persisted for at least 8 to 12 weeks. The antibody response to aerosol vaccination was significantly better than that following drinking water vaccination. No clinical disease was induced by exposure to vaccine virus. Serum neutralisation antibodies paralleled those detected by haemagglutination-inhibition in chicks vaccinate once by drinking water. After revaccination through the drinking water, haemagglutination-inhibition antibodies were boosted temporarily while neutralising antibodies were maintained at an enhanced level. From chickens vaccinated by aerosol, Newcastle disease virus was recovered for 10 days from lungs and for 7 days from tracheas and caecal tonsils. Peak viraemia was detected 2 and 3 days after vaccination while both neutralising and haemagglutination-inhibition antibodies became detectable 5 days after vaccination.
A Model for Visual Memory Tasks (1963)

A model for visual recall tasks was presented in terms of visual information storage (VIS), scanning, rehearsal, and auditory information storage (AIS). It was shown first that brief visual stimuli are stored in VIS in a form similar to the sensory input. These visual “images” contain considerably more information than is transmitted later. They can be sampled by scanning for items at high rates of about 10 msec per letter. Recall is based on a verbal receding of the stimulus (rehearsal), which is remembered in AIS. The items retained in AIS are usually rehearsed again to prevent them from decaying. The human limits in immediate-memory (reproduction) tasks are inherent in the AIS-Rehearsal loop. The main implication of the model for human factors is the importance of the auditory coding in visual tasks.
Evaluation of Different Compounds as Quorum Sensing Inhibitors in<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2007)

Quorum sensing (QS) controls systems affecting the pathogenicity of many microorganisms; its interruption has an anti-pathogenic effect and can be used in the treatment of bacterial infections. In this study we evaluated QS regulation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains and QS inhibition (QSI) by different compounds. The inhibitory activity of 3 macrolide and 3 lincosamide drugs, resveratrol, garlic extract and N-acetylcysteine was tested on 4 P. aeruginosa strains isolated from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients using Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472 as biomonitor. One P. aeruginosa strain, lincomycin and N-acetylcysteine did not show QSI, contrary to other compounds and P. aeruginosa strains. These results indicate that QSI evaluation should be taken into account in the design of new therapeutic strategies to treat P. aeruginosa infections, especially in patients infected by antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Effect of a thin Ti interfacial layer on the thermal resistance of Ge2Sb2Te5-TiN stack (2014)

We study the dependence of the thermal resistance of TiN/Ge2Sb2Te5 stacks on Si in the presence or not of a thin Ti interfacial layer. While for TiN/Ge2Sb2Te5 almost ideal thermal properties of the interfaces are found, a different behaviour is measured for TiN/Ti/Ge2Sb2Te5. After exposure to temperatures up to 440 °C, the thermal resistance results to be lower than expected despite both the formation of the TiTe2 phase, the depletion of Te inside Ge2Sb2Te5, and the non complete development of the hexagonal structure. Those observations have been also validated on the SiO2/Ge2Sb2Te5 stack with and without Ti interfacial layer.
Effect of a dentifrice containing triclosan and a copolymer on plaque formation and gingivitis. (1992)

A total of one hundred twenty-one (121) adult male and female subjects completed a 6-month, double-blind clinical study comparing the effect on supragingival plaque formation and gingivitis of a dentifrice containing 0.3% Triclosan and 2.0% of a copolymer of methoxyethylene and maleic acid to a placebo dentifrice. Both the Triclosan/copolymer and placebo dentifrices contained 0.243% sodium fluoride in a silica base. Subjects were stratified into two balanced groups according to baseline plaque and gingivitis scores. They then received an oral prophylaxis and were assigned to use either the Triclosan/copolymer dentrifrice or the placebo dentifrice for the next 6 months. Subjects were evaluated for supragingival plaque formation and gingivitis after 3 and 6 months' use of the dentifrices. After 6 months, the Triclosan/copolymer dentifrice was shown to provide a 32.32% statistically significant reduction (99% level of confidence) in supragingival plaque formation, as compared to the placebo dentifrice. Also, after 6 months, the Triclosan/copolymer dentifrice was shown to provide a 25.64% statistically significant reduction (99% level of confidence) in gingivitis, as compared to the placebo dentifrice. It thus can be concluded from this clinical study that the twice daily use of the dentifrice containing 0.3% Triclosan and 2.0% of a copolymer in a 0.243% sodium fluoride/silica base provides statistically significant reductions in both supragingival plaque formation and gingivitis.
Calculations of electron inelastic mean free paths for carbides (1996)

Knowledge of the values of inelastic mean free paths (IMFPs) for low-energy electrons in solids is important for quantitative surface analysis by AES and XPS as well as for determining the surface sensitivity of other electron-spectroscopic methods of surface characterization. In previous papers, we have described the Penn algorithm for calculations of electron inelastic mean free paths in solids, and used this algorithm for calculations of IMFPs for 50 – 2000 eV electrons in a group of 27 elements, a group of 15 inorganic compounds, and a group of 14 organic compounds. We fitted the calculated IMFPs for the groups of elements and organic compounds to a modified form of the Bethe equation4 for inelastic electron scattering in matter and found that the four parameters in this equation could be related empirically to several material parameters. The resulting general formula TPP-2M for IMFPs in solids could be used to estimate IMFPs for other materials.
Evaluation of Spotting Fluids in a Full-Scale Differential-Pressure Sticking Apparatus (1992)

Summary A full-scale differential-pressure simulator was used to evaluate spotting fluids in the laboratory. Tests at elevated temperature and pressure identified a variety of unweighted and weighted, oil and nonoil fluids that are able to free differentially stuck pipe. Some low-toxicity, water-based spotting fluids are effective and acceptable substitutes for the traditional oil-based systems.
Door assignment and sequencing problems in crossdocks and container terminals. (2007)

This dissertation is concerned with improving the efficiency of two types of terminals commonly found as key facilities in transportation and supply chain networks: crossdocks and container terminals. Chapter 2 is concerned with a crossdock, which serves as a junction box, and is used by many transportation service providers as a consolidation or redistribution point. Assuming that the assignment of inbound trailers to doors is optimized on a nightly basis, and that the outbound trailers have permanent door assignments over a user-specified time period, Chapter 2 presents a simulated annealing-based heuristic procedure (SA) to determine both inbound and outbound trailer-to-door assignments in order to minimize the overall material handling effort. The proposed heuristic addresses congestion concerns as well as the robustness of the solutions in a worst case sense. Two heuristics and optimal solutions are presented to evaluate the SA on internally generated data sets for rectangular crossdocks with 12, 16, 20, and 32 doors and various shapes defined by flatness. Lastly, a new linear MIP formulation for the general Rectilinear-QAP is presented. In Chapter 3, under certain assumptions, a mathematical derivation for the optimal shape (square versus flat) of a rectangular crossdock and the best door locations are presented. Also, we present our insights on the structural properties of the optimal outbound door assignment for trailers with various flow compositions. In Chapter 4, the SA is used to obtain an outbound door assignment for a 118-door crossdock operated by Con-way. The outbound door assignment obtained with SA outperformed the current door assignment by approximately 35% on several data sets provided by Con-way. Also, the SA procedure is modified to solve a dynamic door assignment problem. In Chapter 5 we shift our focus to container terminals and address the problem of minimizing the total travel and setup time needed for a Rail-Mounted Gantry Crane (RMGC) to retrieve a pre-specified sequence of containers from the storage area in the process of loading vessels. A previously-published heuristic for routing general yard-side equipment is modified for routing RMGCs. Numerical experiments indicate that the modified heuristic outperforms the existing heuristic by an average of approximately 8% in solution quality while reducing the runtime by approximately 80%. Two initialization procedures for the heuristic are proposed, further improving the solution quality of the modified heuristic by approximately 5% while reducing the runtime by more than 452%.
Observations on the Measurement of Vibrational Circular Dichroism with Rapid-Scan and Step-Scan FT-IR Techniques (1995)

Extensive tests to determine an optimal method for using a Bio-Rad FTS-60A spectrometer for measurement of vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) in both step-scan and rapid-scan modes are reported. In the latter case, results of “fast-scan” and “slow-scan” experiments are also presented for comparison. In step-scan mode, phase modulation (PM) during the polarization-modulation measurements is found to be detrimental to the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), but is very useful for the normal IR measurements at slow step speeds. VCD S/N is improved by doing sequential spectral collection of the polarization-modulated spectrum without PM and the instrument response spectra with phase modulation. Systematic comparative studies are used to identify optimal parameter sets for doing the step-scan VCD measurements. These conditions use more rapid data collection with faster steps than previously suggested, which permits a more realistic evaluation of S/N and reproducibility of the spectra through comparison of spectra collected in blocks. Example VCD spectra are presented for small molecules in nonaqueous solution measured in short times and for proteins in aqueous solution measured over longer times scales. Near-IR FT-VCD measured in step-scan mode at both moderate resolution and high S/N are presented. At this stage, fast-scan, slow-scan, and step-scan techniques are shown to be virtually equivalent in the mid-IR, but the reduction in frequency dependence of the phase correction and the new capability for VCD measurement in the near-IR favor continued development of step-scan techniques.