gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On genomic coding theory (2007)

Abstract This paper gives a brief overview of several applications from the emerging interdisciplinary field of genomic coding theory that aims at applying concepts and techniques from the field of coding theory to problems from the field of molecular biology. This is motivated by the high precision and robustness found in genomic processes in addition to the increase in the availability of genomic data for a wide range of species. The considered applications include source coding for DNA classification, channel coding for modelling gene expression with emphasis on the process of translation, existence of error correcting codes in the DNA and channel coding structure in the genetic code. Example results are presented that demonstrate the relevance of the proposed approaches and open questions are formulated to suggest future research work. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of hemoglobin-oxygen affinity on micro samples. (1975)

The spectrophotometric determination of hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation on dilute red cell suspensions has been modified by the use of a bicarbonate buffer containing bovine serum albumin. The red cell suspension is equillibrated with known ratios of air and nitrogen and 5 per cent carbon dioxide at atmospheric pressure using two gas pumps. The method enables the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve to be measured on 10 to 20 mul of whole blood, and has given values for the P50 (the oxygen tension at 50 per cent hemoglobin-oxygen saturation) of 25.9 plus or minus 1.5 S. D. which are comparable to the value of 26.0 plus or minus 1.0 S. D. obtained by the mixing technique and by other methods. The addition of bovine albumin (35 mg. per cent or greater) increased the P50 by 3 mm. Hg above that obtained with buffer alone. The P50 value has been compared in bis-Tris and phosphate buffers with and without albumin, and in bicarbonate buffers with the addition of approximately equimolar concentrations of either human or bovine serum albumin or polyvinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP), and buffer alone. The effect of albumin on the P50 value was most marked in bicarbonate buffer, and was statistically significantly greater in the presence of human or bovine albumin than in buffer alone or buffer plus PVP. The addition of albumin could not be explained through an alteration of cell shape or volume, but may be an influence on intracellular pH.
An overview of database analysis and design for geological systems (1995)

Abstract Techniques for database analysis and design are well established for the development of administrative systems. When the techniques are used to develop geological databases, however, a number of difficulties arise. This paper provides an introduction to the nature of these problems. The context for the discussion is first set by describing the standard techniques for database analysis and design. The difficulties that arise when the techniques are applied to geological data are then reviewed. The paper concludes with a discussion of some recent developments in database analysis and design which will assist designers of geological systems.
Baseline Studies of the Clay Minerals Society Source Clays: Layer-Charge Determination and Characteristics of Those Minerals Containing 2:1 Layers (2001)

The layer charge is perhaps the single most significant characteristic of 2: 1 layer phyllosilicates. Layer charge affects cation-retention capacity and adsorption of water, and various polar organic molecules. The effects of layer charge on the sorptive properties of organo- clays were illustrated by Lee et al. (1990). It is generally agreed that the classification of 2: 1 silicate clays, which is a continuing problem, may be resolved by taking into account the magnitude of the layer charge (Bailey et al. , 1971; Malla and Douglas, 1987). Studies on structural chemistry also confirm the importance of the layer charge for the characterization of the 2:1 phyllosilicates (Newman and Brown, 1987).
Vorschlag für ein Dimensionierungsverfahren elastischer Klebverbindungen (2008)

Für eine Dimensionierung flexibler Klebverbindungen sind mehr und andere Kenndaten als die im Kurzeitversuch ermittelte Klebfestigkeiten notwendig. Das wirkt abschreckend, da ein beträchtlicher Aufwand notwendig ist. Jedoch zeigt ein Blick auf andere Bereiche, zum Beispiel auf Berechnungsverfahren für Bauteilen aus Stahl, daß auch hier nicht mehr mit Ergebnissen des Zugversuches dimensioniert wird. Nur dank aufwendigerer Verfahren, beispielweise der Benutzung von Smith-Diagrammen, ist hier das exakte Dimensionieren möglich.
Kinetics and thermodynamics of the shape-memory effect in martensitic NiTi and (Ni1−<i>x</i>Cu<i>x</i>)Ti alloys (1979)

By rapid pulse heating of NiTi-based shape-memory wires, both with and without an applied load, the details of the recovery process have been studied. It is shown that, contrary to existing theories, the temperature of the reverse transformation is relatively independent of applied load. A modified hypothesis for the motion is proposed, taking into account internal stresses present in polycrystalline material. Without applied load, the reverse-phase transformation on heating is measured to occur within 3 ms, and motion under load is shown to be largely governed by the mechanical time needed to move the weight.
土耳其穆尔戈尔(Murgul)铜矿石的无捕收剂浮选 (1999)

自二十世纪初人们就已认识了硫化矿物的无捕收剂浮选过程,但只是到最近这过程才引起重视,这是由于硫化矿物浮选的电化学过程已被人们更好了解的缘故。已开展了许多研究项目来研究电化学条件对硫化矿物无捕收剂浮选过程的影响,在这些研究中应用了电化学、表面化学和分光分折的技术。在研究中发现,由于同种矿行中的硫化矿物和磨矿介质之间相互怍用而产生的一些电化学性质(如矿物的静止电位、系统中的氧化还原电位及流电交互作用)是影响硫化矿物无捕收剂及有捕收剂浮选的主要因素。硫本身、富含硫的硫化物或金属聚硫化物之
Showtime for Budgies (1987)

The Great Western Budgerigar Society presented their Thirty-Second Annual Show on November 21 through 23rd, 1986 at the Rosemead Community Center in Rosemead, California. Show chairman Ron Croteau had a dedicated committee bustling about ar an early hour the day before dealing with the many details chat are not visible co the casual observer.
The ontological perspectives of the semantic Web and the Metadata Harvesting Protocol: Applications of metadata for improving Web search (2001)

Cet article compare les structures ontologiques implicites du Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) a celles du Web semantique du Consortium W3C (World Wide Web Consortium). Les deux projets repondent aux problemes relies a la technologie actuellement utilisee par les moteurs de recherche, en particulier le lien « page Web » / « document » etabli implicitement par les moteurs de recherche, ce qui est inapproprie pour un reperage efficace. Les objectifs de Web semantique visent a attenuer ces problemes en fournissant un balisage semantique procurant ainsi un acces hautement granulaire aux segments semantiques significatifs a l'interieur de documents Web complets. Cette approche s'apparente aux principes d'indexation deja etablis dans les bibliotheques specialisees et les bases de donnees en ligne: un acces en profondeur et granulaire qui va au dela du document pour acceder aux elements semantiques primordiaux. L'OAI-PMH travaille avec des notices de metadonnees fournies par les createurs de donnees et stockees dans un depot centralise de metadonnees. Ce modele met donc l'emphase sur le document comme entite ontologique centrale, et, donc, ressemble au modele « d'acces document » des systemes traditionnels d'acces par vedettes-matiere.
Serum periostin levels in adults of Chinese descent: an observational study (2018)

Serum periostin does not discriminate between asthmatics and non-asthmatics and is therefore not a good biomarker to diagnose asthma. Serum periostin levels were higher in the Chinese compared to the Caucasian non-asthma group, and also sex dependent in the Chinese participants. There was no difference in serum periostin levels between Chinese non-asthma and asthma groups. This suggests that ethnicity should be considered in the interpretation of periostin levels in asthma patients and sex is an additional consideration in Chinese patients.<i>Trial registration</i> This trial was prospectively registered with Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12614000122651).
A comparison of hematopoiesis in normal and splenectomized mice treated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (1990)

Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) induces leukocytosis in vivo in both intact and splenectomized mice. Full dose response data showed a plateau in this effect at doses over 500 micrograms rhG-CSF/kg body weight/d in intact mice. The effect is magnified in splenectomized mice, where leukocyte numbers reach 100 x 10(6) mL after 4 days' treatment at 250 micrograms/kg/d. Further hematopoietic precursor populations are also affected in both marrow and the spleen; in general, marrow parameters were depressed, while splenic populations were enlarged. In splenectomized mice, both blood- borne stem cells were enhanced, and foci of extramedullary hematopoiesis were enlarged in addition to the effects seen in intact mice. In the marrow of splenectomized and intact mice treated with a high dose of G-CSF, erythroid suppression in the marrow was confirmed with radioactive iron. Our studies confirm and extend previous work on the mode of action of G-CSF, and indicate that side effects of high dose G-CSF therapy might include erythroid suppression in the bone marrow.
Isolation and Compositional Analysis of Plant Cuticle Lipid Polyester Monomers (2015)

Terrestrial plants produce extracellular aliphatic biopolyesters that modify cell walls of specific tissues. Epidermal cells synthesize cutin, a polyester of glycerol and modified fatty acids that constitutes the framework of the cuticle that covers aerial plant surfaces. Suberin is a related lipid polyester that is deposited on the cell walls of certain tissues, including the root endodermis and the periderm of tubers, tree bark and roots. These lipid polymers are highly variable in composition among plant species, and often differ among tissues within a single species. Here, we describe a detailed protocol to study the monomer composition of cutin in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves by sodium methoxide (NaOMe)-catalyzed depolymerisation, derivatization, and subsequent gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. This method can be used to investigate the monomers of insoluble polyesters isolated from whole delipidated plant tissues bearing either cutin or suberin. The method can by applied not only to characterize the composition of lipid polymers in species not previously analyzed, but also as an analytical tool in forward and reverse genetic approaches to assess candidate gene function.
Prospective of Photon Propulsion for Interstellar Flight (2012)

Mastering photon propulsion is proposed to be the key to overcoming the limit of the current propulsion technology based on conventional rocketry and potentially opening a new space era. A perspective on photon propulsion is presented here to elucidate that interstellar manned roundtrip flight could be achievable in a century within a frame of exiting scientific principles, once the required existing technologies are further developed. It is shown that the developmental pathway towards the interstellar flight demands not only technological breakthroughs, but consistent long-term world-scale economic interest and investment. Such interest and investment will result from positive financial returns from routine interstellar commutes that can transport highly valuable commodities in a profitable manner. The Photonic Railway, a permanent energy-efficient transportation structure based on the Beamed-Laser Propulsion (BLP) by Forward and the Photonic Laser Thruster (PLT) by the author, is proposed to enable such routine interstellar commutes via Spacetrains. A four-phased evolutionary developmental pathway towards the Interstellar Photonic Railway is proposed. Each phase poses evolutionary, yet daunting, technological and financial challenges that need to be overcome within each time frame of 20 _ 30 years, and is projected to generate multitudes of applications that would lead to sustainable reinvestment into its development. If successfully developed, the Photonic Railway would bring about a quantum leap in the human economic and social interests in space from explorations to terraforming, mining, colonization, and permanent habitation in exoplanets.
MOISTURE SORPTION PROPERTIES, NONENZYMATIC BROWNING OF EGG-HUMECTANT SYSTEMS AND STORAGE STABILITY OF AN INTERMEDIATE MOISTURE EGG PRODUCT (1982)

The contamination of patients' surroundings by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains understudied. We sampled the surroundings and the air of six negative-pressure non-intensive care unit (non-ICU) rooms in a designated isolation ward in Chengdu, China, that were occupied by 13 laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients who had returned from overseas travel, including 2 asymptomatic patients. A total of 44 of 112 (39.3%) surface samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 as detected by real-time PCR, suggesting extensive contamination, although all of the air samples were negative. In particular, in a single room occupied by an asymptomatic patient, four sites were SARS-CoV-2 positive, highlighting that asymptomatic COVID-19 patients do contaminate their surroundings and impose risks for others with close contact. Placement of COVID-19 patients in rooms with negative pressure may bring a false feeling of safety, and the importance of rigorous environment cleaning should be emphasized.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Although it has been well recognized that the virus SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, can be acquired by exposure to fomites, surprisingly, the contamination of patients' surroundings by SARS-CoV-2 is largely unknown, as there have been few studies. We performed an environmental sampling study for 13 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients and found extensive contamination of patients' surroundings. In particular, we found that asymptomatic COVID-19 patients contaminated their surroundings and therefore imposed risks for other people. Environment cleaning should be emphasized in negative-pressure rooms. The findings may be useful to guide infection control practice to protect health care workers.
Predicting Species Invasions Using Ecological Niche Modeling: New Approaches from Bioinformatics Attack a Pressing Problem (2001)

O 3 February 1999, President Clinton signed an executive order dealing with invasive species in the United States. The order was designed to lay the foundation for a program “to prevent the introduction of invasive species and provide for their control and to minimize the economic, ecological, and human health impacts that invasive species cause” (Clinton 1999). This program includes far-reaching plans to prevent, plan, monitor, and study species’ invasions. Such high-level attention emphasizes the enormity of the problem facing the United States, and in fact the entire world: With ever-growing international commerce, reduced barriers to trade, and increasing human influence, species are moving around, and natural systems are suffering drastic changes. The dimensions of the problem are indeed impressive. Alien plants, animals, and microbes have poured into the United States from all directions. Natural systems have been disrupted, species extinguished, transportation and agriculture compromised, and resources damaged (Carlton 1997–1998, Ogutu-Ohwayo 1997–1998, Richardson 1997–1998, Shiva 1997–1998). In fact, most modern agriculture is based on nonnative organisms; problems arise because questions of when and why some escape and become nuisances remain unanswered. More generally, no proactive approach to combating such species is available—invasive species are dealt with one at a time, as they become problematic. Scientific approaches to a synthetic, and ultimately proactive, understanding of species invasions have developed along several lines, but most have been frustrated by the complex and unpredictable nature of such invasions—which species will invade and which invaders will become serious problems? For example, considerable effort has gone into identifying characteristics of species likely to invade, or of invaders likely to become pests (e.g., Lawton and Brown 1986, Smallwood and Salmon 1992, Carlton 1996). Another line of inquiry and effort has focused on modeling spatial patterns of range expansion after initial invasion (e.g., Mollison 1986, Williamson and Brown 1986, Reeves and Usher 1989, Hastings 1996, Shigesada and Kawasaki 1997, Holway 1998). All in all, though, a general, synthetic, predictive, proactive approach to species invasions is lacking (Mack 1996) but is desperately needed (Hobbs and Mooney 1998).
从恩师到密友：你令“爱”了不起 (2014)

在念大学的第一年，我沉默寡言。我从不逃课，认真阅读课业布置给我的每一页书，但我不说话。我的好奇心从不满足，我在图书馆里度过了许多安静时光，读书和思考，但我极害怕失败，对于在世人面前展现自己的实体存在极为谨慎，因此总是一言不发地坐在课堂上，在我的笔记本上写写划划，同时为其他每个人看起来如此能言善辩而惊叹不已。
Endotoxin and IL-1 hyporesponsiveness in a patient with recurrent bacterial infections (1997)

We describe a 15-yr-old girl with recurrent bacterial infections who is refractory to the effects of LPS in vivo and in vitro and IL-1 in vitro. Intravenous challenge of the patient with Escherichia coli endotoxin caused a subnormal febrile response, little alteration in the number of circulating neutrophils, and subnormal elevations in the plasma levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8, lactoferrin, and granulocyte CSF; however, normal levels of the anti-inflammatory mediators IL-1 receptor antagonist and soluble TNF receptor (60 kDa) were induced. Studies in vitro indicated the patient's monocytes expressed CD14, the LPS receptor, and bound LPS in a specific manner, but failed to produce TNF-alpha and granulocyte CSF after stimulation with LPS, and failed to respond to IL-1, heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus, and soluble glucan. Peripheral blood patient neutrophils exhibited normal expression of CD14, but failed to respond to treatment with LPS (100-1000 ng/ml for 30 min at 37 degrees C), a treatment that caused increased expression of the surface markers, C10, CD18, CD11b, CD67, and CD45, and decreased expression of L-selectin in normal neutrophils. Treatment of normal and patient neutrophils with FMLP (0.1 microM) resulted in equivalent altered expression of these surface markers. Patient neutrophils could not be primed by either LPS or IL-1beta for enhanced FMLP-induced O2- generation, but primed normally to TNF-alpha and platelet-activating factor. This patient's hyporesponsiveness to LPS and IL-1 is most likely due to a defect very early in the signal-transduction pathway.
Studies on structural stability of chicken’s egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY): (2009)

Immunoglobulins play a critical role in therapy, diagnostic assays and purification of important compounds. Hen egg yolk immunoglobulins, or IgY, have been studied intensively by researchers. Many techniques for isolation of IgY have been established. IgY has many advantages over the mammalian antibodies. It does not bind with mammalian complements or rheumatoid factor. Low cost and convenient production make it an attractive antibody for human use. To obtain specific antibodies, elution protocols often expose IgY to harsh conditions such as low pH, which may lead to denaturation. This research aims to study the effects of acidic pH, temperature, the denaturant guanidine-hydrochloride on IgY and the reversibility of those effects. Structural properties were studied by ultraviolet spectroscopy, intrinsic fluorescence, extrinsic fluorescence with hydrophobic probes, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. IgY was found to be sensitive to acidic pH (2.8) with irreversible changes when treated at 37°C. IgY denatured with > 3 M guanidine hydrochloride concentration showed a significant drop in antigen binding activity determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay suggesting that the changes resulting in inactivation are only partly reversible. These results should be considered in establishing processes for the isolation or utilization of IgY antibodies. For practical use of IgY in food or therapeutic formulations it is important that it is stable to processing conditions. Stability of IgY to freezing and freeze drying was investigated by monitoring its solubility, intrinsic fluorescence, extrinsic fluorescence and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay activity. IgY was found to be stable to freezing at -8°C but showed a significant drop in solubility and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay activity after freeze drying. Immunoaffinity chromatography has been used in the past to isolate IgY and other antigens. Structural conformation of eluted IgY was investigated in the present study. Surface hydrophobicity of IgY antibodies eluted at pH 2.8 was significantly higher than the crude IgY isolate before affinity purification. Trehalose in the eluting medium had a protective effect on IgY as it decreased surface hydrophobicity of pH eluted IgY.
Quantitative PCR Monitoring of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Bacterial Pathogens in Three European Artificial Groundwater Recharge Systems (2008)

Aquifer recharge presents advantages for integrated water management in the anthropic cycle, namely, advanced treatment of reclaimed water and additional dilution of pollutants due to mixing with natural groundwater. Nevertheless, this practice represents a health and environmental hazard because of the presence of pathogenic microorganisms and chemical contaminants. To assess the quality of water extracted from recharged aquifers, the groundwater recharge systems in Torreele, Belgium, Sabadell, Spain, and Nardò, Italy, were investigated for fecal-contamination indicators, bacterial pathogens, and antibiotic resistance genes over the period of 1 year. Real-time quantitative PCR assays for Helicobacter pylori, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, human pathogens with long-time survival capacity in water, and for the resistance genes ermB, mecA, blaSHV-5, ampC, tetO, and vanA were adapted or developed for water samples differing in pollutant content. The resistance genes and pathogen concentrations were determined at five or six sampling points for each recharge system. In drinking and irrigation water, none of the pathogens were detected. tetO and ermB were found frequently in reclaimed water from Sabadell and Nardò. mecA was detected only once in reclaimed water from Sabadell. The three aquifer recharge systems demonstrated different capacities for removal of fecal contaminators and antibiotic resistance genes. Ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis in the Torreele plant proved to be very efficient barriers for the elimination of both contaminant types, whereas aquifer passage followed by UV treatment and chlorination at Sabadell and the fractured and permeable aquifer at Nardò posed only partial barriers for bacterial contaminants.