gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of <scp>PPAR</scp><i>γ</i>‐mediated signalling in skin biology and pathology: new targets and opportunities for clinical dermatology (2015)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that modulate the expression of multiple different genes involved in the regulation of lipid, glucose and amino acid metabolism. PPARs and cognate ligands also regulate important cellular functions, including cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as inflammatory responses. This includes a role in mediating skin and pilosebaceous unit homoeostasis: PPARs appear to be essential for maintaining skin barrier permeability, inhibit keratinocyte cell growth, promote keratinocyte terminal differentiation and regulate skin inflammation. They also may have protective effects on human hair follicle (HFs) epithelial stem cells, while defects in PPARγ-mediated signalling may promote the death of these stem cells and thus facilitate the development of cicatricial alopecia (lichen planopilaris). Overall, however, selected PPARγ modulators appear to act as hair growth inhibitors that reduce the proliferation and promote apoptosis of hair matrix keratinocytes. The fact that commonly prescribed PPARγ-modulatory drugs of the thiazolidine-2,4-dione class can exhibit a battery of adverse cutaneous effects underscores the importance of distinguishing beneficial from clinically undesired cutaneous activities of PPARγ ligands and to better understand on the molecular level how PPARγ-regulated cutaneous lipid metabolism and PPARγ-mediated signalling impact on human skin physiology and pathology. Surely, the therapeutic potential that endogenous and exogenous PPARγ modulators may possess in selected skin diseases, ranging from chronic inflammatory hyperproliferative dermatoses like psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, via scarring alopecia and acne can only be harnessed if the complexities of PPARγ signalling in human skin and its appendages are systematically dissected.
Application of Pharmacokinetically Guided Dose Escalation With Respect to Cell Cycle Phase Specificity (1994)

PGDE is useful for type 1 drugs; differences in protein binding between species should, however, be considered when using this method.
Clay nanotubes for corrosion inhibitor encapsulation: release control with end stoppers (2010)

Halloysite clay tubes of 50 nm diameter and ca. 1000 nm length were analyzed as potential nanocontainers for loading, storage and induced sustained release of chemical agents. Halloysite is a natural aluminosilicate mineral with hollow cylindrical geometry and submicron size. Halloysite nanotubes loaded with the corrosion inhibitor benzotriazole can be admixed into paint to improve its anticorrosion performances as well as the coating tensile strength. Corrosion protection of such coating was evaluated by direct exposure of the coated metal (copper) to highly corrosive media. Loading and release characteristics of benzotriazole from these nanotubes were optimized. Benzotriazole release kinetics correspond to the time needed for the formation of a metal protective layer through copper complexation. For formation of the tube end stoppers, benzotriazole loaded halloysite was exposed to the solution of Cu(II) ions, and kinetics of the stopper complex formation was analyzed. Tunable release of benzotriazole was achieved by controlling the strength of the stopper complexes, and the release time may be varied from ten to hundreds of hours. A possibility for the tube on/off release switch was demonstrated.
An Interactive Web-based Decision Support System for Mass Dispensing, Emergency Preparedness, and Biosurveillance (2017)

In this study, we present an interactive web-based real-time decision support suite, RealOpt©. The system integrates visualization, information and cognitive analytics, and dynamic large-scale computational modeling and optimization tools that allow public health emergency preparedness coordinators to determine optimal response facilities and locations, resource needs and supply-routes, and population flow in real time. With an eye towards flexibility and future system expansion, RealOpt is designed in modular format allowing direct linkage to multiple functional modules. Currently, the system has twelve modules covering emergency response preparedness and operations for biological, chemical, radiological/nuclear incidents, biosurveillance, epidemiology, and decontamination models, operations logistics and networks, a real-time crowd sourcing data feed, and evacuation planning. RealOpt has been used for biodefense and H1N1 regional planning and operations, regional flood and hurricane responses, 2010 Haiti earthquake disaster relief, 2011 Japan Fukushima disaster, 2014-2015 Ebola containment assistance and after-event public health preparedness training in West Africa, and current Zika virus containment analysis. The fast solution engines enable real-time use for rapid decision and scenario analysis, since it requires only one CPU minute to determine an optimal network of facilities and resource needs to serve a population of over 10 million.
Resistive wall mode feedback control experiments in EXTRAP T2R (2007)

Experiments in EXTRAP T2R on RWM stabilization using intelligent shell feedback with a P-controller showed that mode suppression improves with increasing gain up to the system stability limit. A PD ...
Supplementary motor seizures (1988)

The clinical and EEG features of 11 patients with seizures arising in the supplementary motor area (SMA) were reviewed. All patients underwent prolonged EEG with simultaneous video recording. Three patients had recordings and electrical stimulation of the SMA using subdural electrode arrays. All patients had preservation of consciousness during the seizure unless it became secondarily generalized. Tonic posturing of the extremities was present in all patients, and in seven it was present bilaterally. Adversive movements were not seen unless the seizure became secondarily generalized. Interictal and/or ictal abnormalities were present at or adjacent to the midline in ten patients. Seizures arising from the supplementary motor region are clinically distinct, and the diagnosis can almost always be verified with prolonged EEG/video recording.
Transcriptional regulation of the protective antigen gene of Bacillus anthracis (1989)

Bicarbonate is required for production of the major virulence factors, the toxins and capsule, of Bacillus anthracis. In this study we examined the basis for stimulation of production of protective antigen (PA), a central component of the two anthrax toxins encoded by plasmid pXO1. RNA prepared from B. anthracis grown in media with and without added bicarbonate was probed for PA mRNA. Data showed that bicarbonate was required for increased transcription of the PA gene (pag) in minimal medium. Transcription of pag was low in rich medium and could not be stimulated by the addition of bicarbonate. To characterize further the factors required for transcriptional regulation of pag, the promoter region of pag was fused to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (cat-86) of vector pPL703 and transformed by electroporation into pXO1+ (Tox+) and pXO1- (Tox-) strains of B. anthracis. Analysis of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase produced by the pag-cat-86 fusion in each of these backgrounds confirmed the results obtained by hybridization. Data obtained with this fusion also revealed that the large toxin plasmid, pXO1, found in virulent strains of B. anthracis, was required for stimulation of transcription of pag by bicarbonate. This result suggests the existence of a trans-acting factor that is involved in the activation of pag transcription.
1A1-G08 The Turning Motion for the Three-legged Robot with Passive Joints (2010)

In this paper, the turning motion of a three-legged robot is subjected. The robot consists of one actuated leg and one pair of passive leg. The active leg has a knee joint and an ankle joint. And the passive leg has no knee joint, but it has a passive ankle joint. The passive leg part and the actuated leg part are linked by a hip part. The robot behavior is passive while the robot is supported by its passive legs and swings the actuated leg part. For the purpose of changing the direction of walking, additional joints at side legs are proposed.
Elevation of lysosomal enzymes in primary Lewis lung tumor correlated with the initiation of metastasis. (1980)

Lysosomal enzymes were elevated about two-fold in primary s.c. Lewis lung carcinoma as compared with metastatic nodules in the lung. In a time course experiment, a general two-fold elevation of acid phosphatase and several glycosidases was observed in the primary tumor between the 14th and 17th postimplant day following s.c. inoculation of Lewis lung carcinoma. This increase in hydrolytic enzyme activity was not due to necrosis in the primary tumor since a comparison of enzyme activities in the nonnecrotic and necrotic areas demonstrated much higher activities in the nonnecrotic areas. No increases in lysosomal enzyme activity were observed with time in Sarcoma 180, a tumor which does not metastasize. There was no change with time in primary Lewis lung tumor lactate dehydrogenase activity while a 7-fold increase in serum lactate dehydrogenase activity was observed in tumor-bearing mice. Mitochondrial succinate-2-(p-iodophenyl)-3-(p-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyltetrazolium reductase levels fell in the primary Lewis lung tumor as the tumor size increased. A positive correlation was observed between the time of the elevations of tumor lysosomal enzymes in Lewis lung carcinoma and the appearance of micro- and macrometastatic lesions in the lungs. The mechanisms accounting for the increased intratumoral lysosomal enzymes are unknown, but they may be related to macrophage infiltration or other tumor-host interactions which may facilitate the dissemination of tumor cells.
2G HTS wire with enhanced engineering current density attained through the deposition of HTS layer with increased thickness (2019)

2G HTS wire with high engineering current density is desired for applications where compact, high power density superconducting equipment is important. We have succeeded in enhancing engineering current density of commercial SuperOx 2G HTS wire based on GdBCO by increasing the HTS layer thickness without fast degradation of the HTS film microstructure. This was possible after improving the temperature uniformity along the HTS film deposition zone. In particular, the wire engineering current density was increased from 700-770 A/mm2 (for a 65 μm-thick wire without stabilisation) or 430-480 A/mm2 (for a 105 μm-thick stabilised wire) at the beginning of this study to almost 1200 A/mm2 (for a 67 μm-thick wire without stabilisation) or 770 A/mm2 (for a 107 μm-thick stabilised wire) at completion of this study.
What Is the Clinical Significance of Insulin Resistance? (1992)

Insulin resistance is a frequent phenomenon and a marker of increased risk for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and atherosclerosis. According to recent estimations, not only individuals with obesity, NIDDM, and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) but also one fourth of the "healthy" glucose tolerant and the majority of the hypertensive population are insulin resistant. Insulin resistance describes a tissue- and pathway-specific defect of glucose metabolism that is compensated for by hyperinsulinemia, leading to a cluster of undesirable hypertensiogenic, diabetogenic, and atherogenic processes. The initial defect can be directly measured by glucose clamp and other sophisticated techniques; the clinical syndrome may be derived from a network of related variables known to be associated with reduced insulin action. Because neither clamps nor serum insulin screenings will be available on a widespread basis, early diagnosis based on clinical criteria is crucial. A new interpretation of the "thrifty" genotype hypothesis may explain why insulin resistance, which formerly apparently represented an advantage in the evolutionary selection process, is such a frequent phenomenon. Improvement of impaired insulin action as a therapeutic principle may play a future central role in an integrated lifestyle approach of primary prevention of noncommunicable diseases such as NIDDM, hypertension, and atherosclerosis.
The<i>Bacillus cereus bceT</i>enterotoxin sequence reappraised (2003)

Bacillus cereus is a known opportunistic human pathogen belonging to the B. cereus group. Establishment of the pathogenesis most likely involves several gene products. One of these gene products, a single gene component named bceT, has been cloned and described from B. cereus B-4ac [Agata et al., Microbiology 141 (1995) 983-988]. However, our sequences of the bceT region from 16 B. cereus group strains showed inconsistency with the published bceT sequence. Only part of the bceT sequence had homology to our sequences. This initiated a more thorough investigation of the bceT sequence. Restriction site search and database searches intimated that the cloned bceT was created by an incidental joining of four DNA fragments during ligation. One of these fragments had 93% homology to an open reading frame (ORF 101) located within the pathogenic island of the Bacillus anthracis pXO1 virulence plasmid. We suggest that the reported enterotoxic activity of the original cloned bceT construct could be due to either the fusion gene or the fragment with homology to ORF 101 in pXO1.
Fair scheduling in an optical interconnection network (2003)

Existing fair scheduling schemes have focused primarily on scheduling multiple flows to a single output. The limited work that has focused on scheduling multiple flows to multiple outputs has assumed a non-blocking, slotted-time, cell-based network with a centralized controller. This paper presents a fair scheduler suitable for use in bufferless circuit-switched blocking networks operating with distributed, asynchronous controllers and variable length messages. We begin by describing the potential for starvation in the Gemini interconnect network, an optical, circuit-switched network. A proposed distributed fair scheduler is presented and shown to solve this problem. The tradeoffs and limitations of performing many-to-many fair scheduling in general, and that of our fair scheduler in particular, are discussed.
Characterizing Current Conduction in Coated Conductors Using Transport and Contact‐Free Magnetic Methods (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Details Results Conclusions References
International quotidian dialysis registry: Annual report 2009 (2009)

The International Quotidian Dialysis Registry (IQDR) is a global initiative designed to study practices and outcomes associated with the use of hemodialysis (HD) regimens of increased frequency and/or duration. The IQDR grew out of the initiative that lead to the randomized prospective studies of nocturnal HD and short hours daily dialysis vs. conventional thrice weekly HD that are conducted by the Frequent Hemodialysis Network sponsored by the National Institutes of Health. These 2 separate studies are drawing to a close and the first results are expected to be reported later this year. These studies use surrogate outcomes for their primary endpoints as they are not powered to look at outcomes of mortality and hospitalization. The IQDR attempts to aggregate long-term follow-up data from centers utilizing alternative HD regimens worldwide and will have adequate statistical power to examine those important outcomes. To date, the IQDR has enrolled patients from Canada, the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and France and has linked with commercial databases and national registries. This sixth annual report of the IQDR describes: (1) An update on the governance structure; (2) The recommendations made at the first general meetings of the IQDR Scientific Committee and Advisory Board; (3) The status of those recommendations; (4) A summary of current data sources and participating registries; (5) The status of recruitment to date; (6) The creation of a specific Canadian IQDR data set and; (7) The current research agenda.
Cover Picture (2001)

The cover picture shows how thrombosis occurs in the deep veins of the lower limbs. Stasis, which results from slow and turbulent blood flow, combined with hypercoagulation, caused, for example, by a surgical procedure, may result in thrombus formation. The synthetic sulfated pentasaccharide shown in part is a potent antithrombotic compound that exerts its effect by activation of the plasma protein antithrombin III. Conformationally locked monosaccharides have now been synthesized to demonstrate that L-iduronic acid, one part of the pentasaccharide, must adopt an unusual distorted conformation to activate antithrombin III. Such conformational effects might be relevant in explaining the unique biological properties of glycosaminoglycans that contain L-iduronic acid. In the background of the picture, a flight of vampire bats is attracted by the pentasaccharide. Vampire was the name given to South American blood-sucking bats (Latin name: desmodus rotundus) in 1761 by the French naturalist Georges Louis Leclerc Comte de Buffon (1707–1788). These bats are known to attack cattle and, very rarely, sleeping human beings. Although their saliva has been shown to contain an anticoagulant compound, they would also be happy to benefit from the pentasaccharide mentioned above, to suck the blood out of the vein more easily. More details about this compound which would be helpful to vampire bats are reported by Petitou, Sinaÿ et al. on p. 1670 ff.
Equilibrium of Adsorption of Mixed Milk Protein/Surfactant Solutions at the Water/Air Interface (2008)

Ellipsometry and surface profile analysis tensiometry were used to study and compare the adsorption behavior of beta-lactoglobulin (BLG)/C10DMPO, beta-casein (BCS)/C10DMPO and BCS/C12DMPO mixtures at the air/solution interface. The adsorption from protein/surfactant mixed solutions is of competitive nature. The obtained adsorption isotherms suggest a gradual replacement of the protein molecules at the interface with increasing surfactant concentration for all studied mixed systems. The thickness, refractive index, and the adsorbed amount of the respective adsorption layers, determined by ellipsometry, decrease monotonically and reach values close to those for a surface covered only by surfactant molecules, indicating the absence of proteins from a certain surfactant concentration on. These results correlate with the surface tension data. A continuous increase of adsorption layer thickness was observed up to this concentration, caused by the desorption of segments of the protein and transforming the thin surface layer into a rather diffuse and thick one. Replacement and structural changes of the protein molecules are discussed in terms of protein structure and surface activity of surfactant molecules. Theoretical models derived recently were used for the quantitative description of the equilibrium state of the mixed surface layers.
Anatomy of mole external genitalia: Setting the record straight (2015)

Anatomy of male and female external genitalia of adult mice (Mus musculus) and broad-footed moles (Scapanus latimanus) was re-examined to provide more meaningful anatomical terminology. In the past the perineal appendage of male broad-footed moles has been called the penis, while the female perineal appendage has been given several terms (e.g. clitoris, penile clitoris, peniform clitoris and others). Histological examination demonstrates that perineal appendages of male and female broad-footed moles are the prepuce, which in both sexes are covered externally with a hair-bearing epidermis and lacks erectile bodies. The inner preputial epithelium is non-hair-bearing and defines the preputial space in both sexes. The penis of broad-footed moles lies deep within the preputial space, is an "internal organ" in the resting state and contains the penile urethra, os penis, and erectile bodies. The clitoris of broad-footed moles is defined by a U-shaped clitoral epithelial lamina. Residing within clitoral stroma encompassed by the clitoral epithelial lamina is the corpus cavernosum, blood-filled spaces and the urethra. External genitalia of male and female mice are anatomically similar to that of broad-footed moles with the exception that in female mice the clitoris contains a small os clitoridis and lacks defined erectile bodies, while male mice have an os penis and a prominent distal cartilaginous structure within the male urogenital mating protuberance (MUMP). Clitori of female broad-footed moles lack an os clitoridis but contain defined erectile bodies, while male moles have an os penis similar to the mouse but lack the distal cartilaginous structure.
Fluorescent <i>Pseudomonas</i> species categorized by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/restriction fragment analysis of 16S rDNA (1994)

A rapid procedure for the identification of fluorescent pseudomonads, based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment analysis of 16S rDNA genes is described. Thirty-one strains belonging to 10 different Pseudomonas species of the Pseudomonas fluorescens rRNA branch were characterized. Amplified rDNA was digested with 13 different restriction endonucleases. The combined data from restriction analysis enabled the definition of 17 different 16S rDNA genotypes. All type strains belonging to different species were differentiated. The good correlation between grouping obtained using restriction analysis with other molecular classification criteria demonstrates the value of the described method to characterize rapidly fluorescent Pseudomonas strains at the species level.
Uptake and distribution of bensulfuron methyl (DPX F5384) in rice. (1987)

The uptake and distribution of bensulfuron methyl (DPX F5384), the active ingredient in “Londax” herbicide, was examined in rice roots and shoots. When roots were directly exposed (short-term uptake) to a solution containing 14C-bensulfuron methyl, considerable uptake of 14C material was observed. In contrast, when rice was grown in soil in a simulated paddy environment (long-term uptake), shoots tended to accumulate more 14C material than roots.Extraction of 14C material from roots and shoots of plants exposed to bensulfuron methyl (in solution) for 24 hours revealed rapid metabolism of the compound by shoots but not by roots. Shoots converted 72% of the accumulated 14C material to a polar metabolite, whereas in roots, 76% of the extracted 14C was associated with parent material.These data indicate that rice roots can potentially accumulate bensulfuron methyl to a significant extent when directly exposed to the compound. However, due to soil binding kinetics in the paddy ecosystem, relatively little bensulfuron methyl would be available for root uptake. This was substantiated by the smaller degree of 14C accumulation in rice roots compared with shoots, when plants were grown in soil.