gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robotic ocular surgery (2006)

Robotic ocular microsurgery is technically feasible in the porcine model and warrants consideration for evaluation in controlled human trials to deploy functioning remote surgical centres in areas without access to state-of-the-art surgical skill and technology.
Spacecraft mass property identification with torque-generating control (1990)

Previous studies indicated that an applied force was necessary to perform in-flight identification of the mass and center of mass of a spacecraft. This paper shows that the mass and center of mass of a rigid spacecraft can be determined using only torque-producing actuators such as control-moment gyros or reaction wheels, and commonly available sensors, e.g., rate gyros and accelerometers. A space-station application is presented.
Synthesis and characterization of novel nanothermometers (2016)

A straightforward approach was developed for the synthesis of Pd, Pd-Fe2O3, Au-Fe2O3, and Au-Pd-Fe2O3 nanothermometers, using a single SL DNA. These NP-DNA conjugates were characterized using techniques including EDX measurements, ζ-potential of NPs before and after DNA functionalization, electron microscopy studies and fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence studies of the NP-DNA demonstrate the interaction between the NP and the fluorophore, which is quenched in the case of Au-Pd-Fe2O3 NPs and is perhaps enhanced (when compared to AuNPs) in the case of Pd and Pd-Fe2O3 NPs. In order to achieve more accurate and reproducible measurements, designing a system that is able to hold the NP-DNA conjugates at a temperature for a longer period of time to allow them to 12 equilibrate is currently underway. Our studies show that Au-Pd-Fe2O3 NPs are the best candidate material to serve as nanothermometers when compared to Pd, Pd-Fe2O3, and Au-Fe2O3 materials.
Improving electrical properties of sol-gel derived zinc oxide thin films by plasma treatment (2016)

Being a direct and wide bandgap semiconductor, zinc oxide is a suitable material for various optoelectronic applications. These applications require tuning and controlling over the electrical and optical properties of zinc oxide films. In this work, zinc oxide thin films were prepared by a solution method that led to oriented crystal growth along (002) plane. The zinc oxide thin films were treated with oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen plasmas. The films were characterized to reveal the effects of plasma treatments on transmittance, crystallinity, carrier density, carrier mobility, and electrical resistivity. Oxygen plasma treatment improved the crystallinity of the zinc oxide thin film without affecting the film's transmittance. Hydrogen plasma treatments were found very effective in improving the electrical conductivity sacrificing the film's transmittance. Nitrogen plasma treatment led to improved electrical conductivity without compromising the crystallinity and optical transmittance. Sequential oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen plasma treatments significantly reduced the resistivity of zinc oxide thin films by over two orders and maintained the transmittance close to the as-deposited films of ∼80% in visible wavelength range. This is the first work on the improvement of conductivity of solution-based zinc oxide films using the plasma treatment.
Measuring Street Cleanliness: A Comparison of New York City’s Scorecard and Results from a Citizen Survey (2008)

Public administrators at the local level often rely on citizen surveys to measure the outcomes or accomplishments of their service delivery efforts. However, many remain skeptical about the value of survey‐based measures of local government performance, in large part because of the low empirical correlation between objective and subjective performance measures reported in the literature. Using data from New York City’s street cleanliness scorecard, a well‐established outcome measure, combined with responses from more than 4,000 respondents to a citizen survey, the authors find a clear and consistent correlation between the scorecard and citizen ratings of street cleanliness in their neighborhoods. Moreover, the street cleanliness scorecard is a much stronger predictor of citizen ratings than demographic factors, trust in government, or contextual effects. These results demonstrate that citizen judgments about government performance can correspond closely with more objectively measured outcomes—and that citizen surveys can provide valid and useful performance measures, at least for some local government services.
Assisting Elders with Mild Dementia Staying at Home (2008)

Elders with mild Dementia exhibit impairments of memory, thought and reasoning. It has been recognized that pervasive computing technologies can assist those suffering from mild Dementia to improve their level of independence and quality of life through cognitive reinforcement. In this paper, we present a user-centred design approach, which is based on the iterative process of user study, prototyping, user test and evaluation, to achieve the goal of developing a cost-effective cognitive prosthetic device with associated services for elders with mild Dementia. Specifically, we describe the results of user study in three different test sites, four areas of cognitive reinforcement have been identified to assist their independent living. Of different assistive services, we choose two context-aware reminding services as a case study to illustrate how to deploy pervasive computing techniques in the system design. Finally, we present the overall system architecture and initial system implementation with first trial results.
Protection for MPLS-TP multicast services (2009)

This paper proposes three innovative point-to-multipoint protection schemes to provide efficient and reliable MPLS transport profile multicast services, which is particularly relevant for the fast growing IPTV broadcast service. The three proposed protection schemes are all based on the interconnected rings structure, which is a widely deployed topology of legacy networks and has the natural ability to support resiliency. The first protection scheme extends the protection methods defined in the latest IETF draft standard to the interconnected rings structure. The second protection scheme introduces an adapted OAM function, which has the ability to monitor the multicast service's status, such as configuration failures, software failures and performance degradation, to ensure the reliability of the whole branches and leaves of the multicast service. Furthermore, the interconnecting nodes of the rings make the protection switching decision, which releases the work to upgrade every node on the existing ring and thereby eases the MPLS transport profile network deployment. Instead of having one working path in one direction and the other direction being used as protection path, in the third protection scheme, the paths in both directions are used as working paths. When there is a failure, the two working paths protect each other, which increases the efficiency of the network resources. The traffic distribution on the ring is divided by these two separated working paths, which lowers the amount of affected entities when a failure occurs.
Growth‐promoting actions of extracts from mouse submaxillary glands on human endothelial cells in culture (1979)

Extracts of submaxillary glands from two different strains of inbred mice were mitogenic for human endothelial cells in culture. The mitogenic activity of extracts from glands of males of the SWR/J and C57BL/10J strains were equivalent, and the growth stimulating effect was unrelated to renin or esteroproteolytic activity. Mitogenic activity in extracts from SWR/J females was less than that from males, and extracts from C57BL/10J females were inactive. The polypeptide growth factors, epidermal (EGF) and fibroblast (FGF) growth factors, also stimulated replication of endothelial cells. Cells from either umbilical arteries or veins responded to submaxillary extracts, EGF, or FGF with a similar increase in cell number, increase in protein and enhanced uptake of 3H-thymidine. The proliferative response was associated with decreased activity of angiotensin I converting enzyme which is localized on the endothelial surface. Nerve growth factor (NGF) was not mitogenic for endothelial cells. Extracts of submaxillary glands from male mice of either strain contained approximately 20 times more EGF than extracts from females, as determined by immunodiffusion. Mitogenic activity of the extracts was completely inhibited by antiserum to EGF, suggesting that the active component of these preparations is EGF.
Induction of SM‐20 in PC12 cells leads to increased cytochrome <i>c</i> levels, accumulation of cytochrome <i>c</i> in the cytosol, and caspase‐dependent cell death (2003)

Sympathetic neurons deprived of nerve growth factor (NGF) release cytochrome c into the cytosol and undergo caspase-dependent cell death through a process that requires de novo gene expression. Expression of the SM-20 gene increases after NGF withdrawal, and ectopic SM-20 expression induces cell death in NGF-maintained neurons. To further evaluate the mechanism by which SM-20 promotes cell death, we developed a PC12-derived cell line in which SM-20 expression can be induced by addition of doxycycline to the culture medium. Induction of SM-20 in either undifferentiated or NGF-differentiated cells resulted in cell death. Cell death was accompanied by an increase in caspase activity and was inhibited by the caspase inhibitor zVAD-FMK. Analysis of cytochrome c in cytosolic and mitochondria-enriched subcellular fractions revealed that induction of SM-20 led to the accumulation of cytochrome c in the cytosol. Surprisingly, SM-20 expression also resulted in a selective increase in the total amount of cytochrome c protein. Thus, induction of SM-20 expression appears to affect both the amount and subcellular localization of cytochrome c in PC12 cells. These results suggest that SM-20 promotes caspase-dependent cell death through a mechanism involving cytochrome c.
Mechanotransduction via integrins and interleukinâ4 results in altered aggrecan and matrix metalloproteinase 3 gene expression in normal, but not osteoarthritic, human articular chondrocytes (2000)

Mechanical stimulation of human articular chondrocytes in vitro results in increased levels of aggrecan mRNA and decreased levels of MMP-3 mRNA. The transduction process involves integrins, stretch-activated ion channels, and IL-4. This chondroprotective response is absent in chondrocytes from OA cartilage. Abnormalities of mechanotransduction leading to aberrant chondrocyte activity in diseased articular cartilage may be important in the progression of OA.
Efficient and scalable public key infrastructure for wireless sensor networks (2014)

Ensuring security is essential in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) since a variety of applications of WSNs, including military, medical and industrial sectors, require several kinds of security services such as confidentiality, authentication, and integrity. However, ensuring security is not trivial in WSNs because of the limited resources of the sensor nodes. This has led a lot of researchers to focus on a symmetric key cryptography which is computationally lightweight, but requires a shared key between the sensor nodes. Public key cryptography (PKC) not only solves this problem gracefully, but also provides enhanced security services such as non-repudiation and digital signatures. To take advantage of PKC, each node must have a public key of the corresponding node via an authenticated method. The most widely used way is to use digital signatures signed by a certificate authority which is a part of a public key infrastructure (PKI). Since traditional PKI requires a huge amount of computations and communications, it can be heavy burden to WSNs. In this paper, we propose our own energy efficient and scalable PKI for WSNs. This is accomplished by taking advantage of heterogeneous sensor networks and elliptic curve cryptography. Our proposed PKI is analyzed in terms of security, energy efficiency, and scalability. As you will see later, our PKI is secure, energy efficient, and scalable.
Oxygen ordering in the crystal structure of the 93-K superconductor<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">YBa</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>using powder neutron diffraction at 298 and 79.5 K (1987)

The crystal structure of the 93-K superconductor ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ has been elucidated from neutron powder diffraction data at 298 and 79.5 K. We confirm the basic features of the perovskite-related structure found at room temperature from earlier x-ray diffraction studies of small single crystals and find, additionally, that ordering of one of the oxygen atoms gives rise to square planar coordination for one of the copper atoms rather than disordered octahedral coordination. Within the resolution of our data there is no apparent change in structure below ${T}_{c}$.
Abdominal Sacrocolpopexy and Anatomy and Function of the Posterior Compartment (2001)

In Brief Objective To assess the effect of abdominal sacrocolpopexy with obliteration of the pouch of Douglas on anatomy and function of the posterior compartment. Methods We prospectively studied 33 consecutive women with pelvic organ prolapse who had abdominal sacrocolpopexies [expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore-Tex)] with pouch of Douglas obliterations and posterior extensions of mesh, using a standardized questionnaire, urodynamic studies, pelvic floor fluoroscopies, and vaginal-rectal examinations (Baden-Walker classification). Concomitant colpoperineorrhaphy was done if rectoceles remained at rectovaginal examination at the end of sacrocolpopexy. The goal was to correct rectoceles transabdominally. Results Thirty-one women returned for follow-up investigations after 12–48 months (mean 26 months). Mean age was 61 years (range 41–77 years). There was no recurrence of vaginal vault prolapse, enterocele, or anterior rectal wall prolapse. Among 28 preoperative rectoceles, 16 recurred (57%) and one occurred de novo. Defecation problems (outlet constipation) were present in 21 women (64%) preoperatively and persisted or were altered in 12 (57%) after sacrocolpopexy. Grade of rectocele was associated significantly with symptoms of outlet constipation preoperatively, but not postoperatively (P = .002). Conclusion Abdominal sacrocolpopexy with obliteration of the pouch of Douglas and posterior extension of the mesh was effective for vaginal vault prolapse, enterocele, and anterior rectal wall procidentia, but not concomitant rectocele. Twenty-eight percent of women described altered defecation with stool stopping higher in the rectosigmoid colon (“high outlet constipation”), which might have been caused by denervation during rectal mobilization. Sacrocolpopexy is associated with deteriorating constipation, and transabdominal repair of rectoceles is unsatisfactory.
Molecules, Morphology, and Dahlgren's Expanded Order Capparales (1996)

Nucleotide sequences for the chloroplast gene rbcL have been obtained for three species of Salvadoraceae and for the unispecific Pentadiplandraceae, thus completing a survey of all known mustard-oil families. Phylogenetic analyses of the sequences based on maximum parsimony reveal two separate lineages of plants that produce mustard oil glucosides. A major mustard-oil clade comprises the core capparalean families of Brassicaceae, Capparaceae, Gyrostemonaceae, Resedaceae, and Tovariaceae and includes Akania- ceae, Bataceae, Bretschneideraceae, Caricaceae, Koeberliniaceae, Limnanthaceae, Moringaceae, Pentadipland- raceae, Salvadoraceae, and Tropaeolaceae. A second unrelated lineage consists of the genus Drypetes, traditionally placed in Euphorbiaceae. The major mustard-oil clade recovered from the rbcL analysis is congruent in many topological aspects with that found in a recent cladistic study of morphological characters, and in turn the molecular and morphological results confirm Dahlgren's radically expanded Capparales. An approach combining molecular and morphological evidence yields robust support for several lineages within this major mustard-oil clade.
Implementing a performance forecasting system for metacomputing (1997)

In this paper we describe the design and implementation of a system called the Network Weather Service (NWS) that takes periodic measurements of deliverable resource performance from distributed networked resources, and uses numerical models to dynamically generate forecasts of future performance levels. These performance forecasts, along with measures of performance fluctuation (e.g the mean square prediction error) and forecast lifetime that the NWS generates, are made available to schedulers and other resource management mechanisms at runtime so that they may determine the quality-of-service that will be available from each resource. We describe the architecture of the NWS and implementations that we have developed and are currently deploying for the Legion [13] and Globus/Nexus [7] metacomputing infrastructures. We also detail NWS forecasts of resource performance using both the Legion and Globus/Nexus implementations. Our results show that simple forecasting techniques substantially outperform measurements of current conditions (commonly used to gauge resource availability and load) in terms of prediction accuracy. In addition, the techniques we have employed are almost as accurate as substantially more complex modeling methods. We compare our techniques to a sophisticated time-series analysis system in terms of forecasting accuracy and computational complexity.
Aplicación del modelo de peirce a la lectura de dos cuadros del renacimiento (1999)

Nos enconcramos en las artes visuales, en parcicular en la pintura figuraciva, con obras que, ademas de lo reconocible en ellas, pre­sentan algo criptico o bien totalmence reconocible pero misterio­so, que debe ser decodificado por un especcador si quiere no solo apreciar escecicamence el cuad ro, sino cambien com prender el cerna. Pero para ello debe conocerse el codigo. Aqui cabe la pri­ mera pregunta: si hablamos de decodificar es porque existe un codigo. Postulamos que efeccivamence en las manifestaciones vi­suales exisce un codigo al que Barthes considero paradojico , ya
que las arces visuales no son digitales sino analogicas. Vale decir, no dividimos el codo en unidades menores. Ya lo demostro el semiologo mencionado con aquella famosa publicidad de las Pates Panzani. Todo en ella, desde los colores hasta los objetos, recibie­ron lecturas denotacivas y tambien connotativas. Trasladada esta situacion a la semiotica de Peirce, solo podria haber un codigo si se tratara de un legisigno, es decir de algo convencional.
The Fourth Blade within the β-Propeller Is Involved Specifically in C3bi Recognition by Integrin αMβ2 (2003)

Interactions between the complement degradation product C3bi and leukocyte integrin alpha M beta 2 are critical to phagocytosis of opsonized particles in host defense against foreign pathogens and certain malignant cells. Previous studies have mapped critical residues for C3bi binding to the I-domains of the alpha M and the beta2 subunits. However, the role of the alpha M beta-propeller in ligand binding remains less well defined, and the functional residues are still unknown. In the present study, we studied the function of the alpha M beta-propeller in specific ligand recognition by alpha M beta 2 using a number of different approaches, and we report four major findings. 1) Substitution of five individual segments (Asp398-Ala402, Leu412-Leu419, Tyr426-Met434, Phe435-Glu443, and Ser444-Thr451) within the W4 blade of the beta-propeller with their homologous counterparts in integrin alpha2 abrogated C3bi binding, whereas substitution of eight other segments outside this blade had no effect. 2) These five mutants defective in C3bi binding supported strong alpha M beta 2-mediated and cation-dependent cell adhesion to fibrinogen, suggesting that the conformations of these five defective mutants were intact. 3) Polyclonal antibodies recognizing sequences within the W4 blade significantly blocked C3bi binding by wild-type alpha M beta 2. 4) A synthetic peptide corresponding to Gln424-Gly440 within W4 interacted directly with C3bi. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that the W4 blade (residues Asp398 to Thr451) is involved specifically in C3bi but not fibrinogen binding to alpha M beta 2. Altogether, our study supports a model in which three separate domains of alpha M beta 2 (the alpha MI-domain, the alpha M beta-propeller, and the beta 2I-domain) function together and contribute to the formation of the C3bi-binding site.
Benzene Sensing Using Thin Films of Titanium Dioxide Operating at Room Temperature (2002)

Benzene is a carcinogen with a maximum permitted exposure limit in the atmosphere of 16.25μg m-3 (5 ppb). There is a need for an inexpensive instrument for measuring benzene concentrations, particularly in urban areas. We have shown that thin films of titanium dioxide dispersed in poly(vinylidenfluoride) are sensitive to benzene at room temperature with possible applications in benzene monitors. In this paper, we present a detailed study into the direct current electrical characteristics of the films when exposed to benzene. The current I through the films increase linearly with applied voltage, V, at low applied voltages (V ≲0.6V) and at higher voltages, I α V5. The results are consistent with the films being p-type semiconductors and, at higher voltages, the conduction is dominated by a space charge limited process caused by negative traps with an average energy of 0.1 eV. The films are sensitive to benzene only at the higher voltages. The proposed mechanism is that benzene molecules on the surface of the films reduce the concentration of holes. The relative resistance of the films increases linearly (r = 0.92) with benzene concentrations (sensitivity of 0.042% ppm-1) and a detection limit of 10 ppm. The films have response times to increasing and decreasing concentrations of benzene of about 1 and 5 min respectively.
Missing Data Compensation Model in Real-Time Traffic Information Service System (2008)

Nowadays the floating car data (FCD) is playing a more and more important role in the route guidance, because it can collect more accurate travel time information in traffic service systems. But the problem is that the congested traffic performs to be dynamic and quite complex, and therepsilas great data amount fluctuation at different time of day. Therefore, the stability of the data canpsilat be guaranteed, and the OD travel time calculated in dynamic route guidance will be seriously affected. In this paper, a multipattern compensating model for blank-data links which is based on the optimized road network is proposed. According to the classified historical data, the missing real-time traffic data is filled up. Finally the experiment which involved the data of 15,000 taxies for 6 months was carried out in several ways. The result suggests that this method raised the road coverage while guaranteed the accuracy and it can be applied in real-time systems to manage large amount of data.