gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transglutaminases locate to calcified areas in advanced human atherosclerotic lesions (2010)

We investigated the involvement of the two major transglutaminases (TGs), tissue transglutaminase (TG2) and factor XIIIa (FXIIIA), in human atherosclerotic calcification. Methods Cross‐sections of human carotid atherosclerotic plaques were stained for TG2, FXIIIA, the TG‐induced cross‐link and macrophage marker CD68. The correlation of these staining patterns to calcified areas throughout the specimens was tested by multi‐scale 3D mapping of the microscopic images to μCT images. Results The TG‐induced cross‐link was found in 64 ± 8% (mean ± SEM) of the analyzed areas inside the plaques. Calcified areas correlated with this cross‐link (p<0.001). FXIIIA was found to be the dominant transglutaminase (56 ± 10% of the cross‐link‐positive areas), as compared to 11 ± 3% for TG2. Both transglutaminases correlated with the cross‐link (p=<0.001 and p=0.002 respectively). Staining for FXIIIA correlated with CD68 (p<0.001) on tissue level and also co‐localized with CD68 positive cells as shown by double immunofluorescent staining. Conclusion Areas of calcification locate to the presence and activity of transglutaminases in human atherosclerotic arteries. FXIIIA is dominantly present over TG2 in these plaques and may be derived from local macrophages. Supported by the Netherlands Heart Foundation (NHS 2001T038).
[Thoracic kidney: traumatic hernia or post-traumatic diaphragmatic hernia (author's transl)]. (1977)

Usage profiles of a smart appliance predict how the machine is expected to interact with its users according to its usage history, but, the problem of building usage profiles has been scarcely discussed in the literature. In this paper, we discuss general aspects of generating usage profiles and propose a daily pattern based probability model for usage profiling. We show how the probability models can be learned with Bayesian network classifiers and we highlight the importance of finding the optimal days-of-the-week representation. An algorithm using the conditional log-likelihood minimum description length (CMDL) and hierarchical clustering is designed to find the representation. The learned model is then used in a Bayesian network classifier setting to predict usage profiles. The methodology is tested on a real-life dataset of office printers in a campus environment.
Analysis for the Effect of Inverter Ripple Current on Fuel Cell Operating Condition (2001)

Abstract The effect of inverter ripple current on fuel cell stack performance and stack lifetime remains uncertain. This paper provides a first attempt to examine the impact of inverter load dynamics on the fuel cell. Since reactant utilization is known to impact the mechanical state of a fuel cell, it is suggested that the varying reactant conditions surrounding the cell govern, at least in part, the lifetime of the cells. This paper investigates these conditions through the use of a dynamic model for the bulk conditions within the stack, as well as a one-dimensional model for the detailed mass transport occurring within the electrode of a cell. These two independent modeling approaches help to verify their respective numerical procedures. In this work, the inverter load is imposed as a boundary condition to the models. Results show the transient behavior of the reactant concentrations within the stack, and of the mass diffusion within the electrode under inverter loads with frequencies between 30 Hz and 1250 Hz.
A Novel Wideband Bandpass Filter Using A Cross-Shaped Multiple-Mode Resonator (2008)

A novel wideband bandpass filter (BPF) using a cross-shaped microstrip multiple-mode resonator (MMR) is presented in the letter. The MMR is composed of a section of open-ended microstrip-line and a pair of short-ended stubs. Its three resonant modes are used to construct the passband of the proposed BPF. And two coplanar waveguides are used as the input/output transmission-lines to improve the coupling between the MMR and input/output transmission-lines. The filter has been investigated numerically and experimentally. Both simulated and measured results show that the filter has a good performance, including controllable bandwidth from 66% to 114%, low insertion loss (lower than 0.78 dB), and a small group delay variation.
Double Asymmetric Induction in 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Nitrones to 2,3‐Unsaturated Sugar 1,5‐Lactones (2003)

1,3‐Dipolar cycloaddition of nitrones 1–3 to the α,β‐unsaturated δ‐lactones, non‐chiral 4, d‐glycero 5, dl‐glycero 5/5ent, d‐erythro 6, and d‐threo 7, provides an interesting example of a double asymmetric induction. In all cases, only the exo approach of reactants was observed. The high preference of anti addition of the nitrones to the terminal acetoxymethyl group in the lactones 5–7 is consistent with previous observations, and can be explained in terms of the axial approach of the nitrone oxygen atom. The 3‐t‐butoxy group of the nitrone plays a similar role. In the case of mismatched pairs, the location of the 4‐acetoxy substituent in the lactone and that of the 4‐t‐butoxy one in the nitrone become decisive for the outcome of the addition. CD‐spectroscopy proved to be an attractive tool to determine the absolute configuration of the cycloadducts.
A Conceptual Study on Solar PV Cities for 21st Century (2006)

According to Japan's R&D roadmap "PV2030", a base-case scenario is showing that the mass deployment of 100 GW PV aggregation will supply 10% of national electricity up to 2030. About a half of this PV installation is assumed to be brought still from residential roof-top applications. In such a state, PV penetration will reach almost 100% in the majority of urban areas. Since the classical grid formation approach does not seems to be a good solution to deal with this issue, the author has already proposed "autonomy-enhanced PV clusters (AE-PVC)" to realize a less dependent PV aggregation on the existing power grids in conjunction with grid power electronics and battery stations. Main contents are: (i) Case studies for residential towns and cities, (ii) Town grids mainly composed of massive residential PVs by considering fluctuating supply and demand; bidirectional power flows; daily cycle and irregular components; autonomous and distributed control of town grid; necessity of battery stations or controllable power sources; own frequency and voltage, (iii) Inter-grid coordination by autonomous and distributed principle: interconnection through national grids with power producers; inter-town interconnections; asynchronous power routers and so on
Multiple grating interactions in photorefractive optical interconnects (1994)

Storage of interconnection patterns as holographic gratings in photorefractive crystals is a promising technique for interconnect systems. 1,2 Our work has been concentrated on an angularly multiplexed scheme in Bi 12 SiO 20 (BSO) crystals for storage of such patterns. Two important issues are addressed in this paper: (1) crosstalk as a function of the ratio β between the reference and the object beam intensities, and (2) the effect of the separation angle Δθ between the object beams on the crosstalk.
Systematic review of the oncological and functional outcomes of pelvic organ‐preserving radical cystectomy ( <scp>RC</scp> ) compared with standard <scp>RC</scp> in women who undergo curative surgery and orthotopic neobladder substitution for bladder cancer (2017)

For well-selected patients, POPRC with orthotopic neobladder may potentially be comparable to standard RC for oncological outcomes, whilst improving sexual and urinary function outcomes. However, in women undergoing RC, oncological and functional data regarding POPRC remain immature and require further evaluation in a prospective comparative setting.
Mixture Models (2008)

This article discusses statistical models involving mixture distributions. As well as being useful in identifying and describing sub-populations within a mixed population, mixture models are useful data-analytic tools, providing flexible families of distributions to fit to unusually shaped data. Theoretical advances since the mid-1970s, as well as advances in computing technology, have led to the widespread use of mixture models in ecology, machine learning, genetics, medical research, psychology, reliability and survival analysis. In particular, recent advances in non-linear time series involving mixtures have helped explain various features of financial and econometric data that more traditional models cannot capture.
Radical Chemistry in the Human Gut: Discovery of Choline Trimethylamine‐Lyase (2015)

The collection of microorganisms that inhabit the human gastrointestinal tract, our gut microbiota, has an extensive set of metabolic capabilities that directly impact human health. Our research seeks to discover and understand the molecular basis of disease‐associated metabolic pathways from the human microbiome. One example under investigation is the catabolism of the essential nutrient choline by anaerobic microbes. Gut bacteria break down choline in an entirely different manner than human cells, cleaving its C–N bond to produce trimethylamine (TMA), which is subsequently oxidized to trimethylamine N ‐oxide by liver enzymes. This microbial‐human co‐metabolic pathway has been linked to several diseases, including non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis. Using a genome mining strategy, we recently identified the first gene cluster responsible for anaerobic choline utilization (the cut gene cluster). We verified the functional role of this cluster using both genetic and heterologous expression approaches. These studies revealed that the key C–N bond cleavage step involved in choline breakdown is catalyzed by choline trimethylamine‐lyase (CutC), a new type of glycyl radical enzyme. This reaction is unprecedented chemistry for this enzyme family. We confirmed the activity of the purified choline TMA‐lyase and its activating protein in vitro , observing that CutC is exquisitely specific for choline cleavage. Currently, we are investigating the mechanism of the CutC‐catalyzed reaction, with the ultimate goal of designing small molecule inhibitors for this enzymatic transformation.
Preparation of Fruit Essences for Gas Chromatography (1966)

SUMMARY A large‐scale continuous liquid‐liquid extractor, designed for efficiently extracting large volumes of extremely dilute essence with minimal quantities of solvent, is described. Chromatograms are compared that were obtained on Bartlett pear essences prepared by: 1) direct fruit extraction; 2) extraction of laboratory steam distillates; and 3) extraction and 4) adsorption techniques applied to a commercial deaerator effluent.
Intramolecular cyclization of styrene–<i>p</i>‐divinylbenzene copolymers (1972)

Abstract Styrene has been copolymerized at low conversion with minor quantities of p ‐divinyl‐benzene ( p ‐DVB) in (10–15%) solution in toluene and cyclohexane. Under these conditions the molecular weight of the polystyrene formed in the absence of p ‐DVB was controlled by chain transfer, and the copolymerization coefficients of the styrene and the p ‐DVB agreed with previous work. Polymer molecular weights were studied as a function of conversion. At very low conversions the number‐average (2.2 × 10 5 ) and the weight‐average (4.4 × 10 5 ) molecular weights were unaffected by substituting some of the styrene by p ‐DVB, but as the reaction continued M̄ n increased slowly and M̄ w much faster. On the other hand, even at the lowest conversions the intrinsic viscosity was drastically reduced by the introduction of p ‐DVB, and the radius of gyration, as measured by light scattering, fell. Infrared studies on the polymer show that the concentration of pendent double bonds in low‐conversion copolymers is about half of the doubly substituted phenyl groups. It is concluded that the first polymer chains formed are extensively cyclized with the formation of a relatively large number of small rings.
Micro et nanosystèmes mécaniques : problématiques afférentes à la réduction en taille et aux interfaces pour des applications dans le domaine de la chimie et de la biologie (2005)

Dans la premiere partie de ce memoire, nous proposons un etat de l'art dans le domaine des micro et nanosystemes electromecaniques en mettant en exergue les problematiques afferentes a leur reduction en taille en termes de technologies de fabrication, d'electronique associee, de sources de bruit extrinseques et intrinseques, de rapport signal sur bruit... Plus specifiquement, nous evaluons la pertinence d'une miniaturisation des dispositifs electromecaniques pour des applications dans le domaine de la chimie ou de la biologie en soulignant le role preponderant des effets de surface et d'interface par rapport aux effets de volume: pertes energetiques, equilibres thermodynamiques, cinetiques de reaction& Le cas particulier des biopuces et des biocapteurs est ensuite aborde : dynamique de mesure, domaine de linearite, sensibilite, resolution ultime. Cet etat de l'art nous permet de positionner, sur le plan national et international, nos activites de recherche, dont le bilan est dresse dans la deuxieme partie. Il a egalement pour objectif de justifier le choix de nos orientations thematiques a plus long terme vers le domaine des nanobiotechnologies, ces orientations faisant l'objet d'une derniere partie.
A Comparison of MIMO Receiver Structures for 802.11N WLAN - Performance and Complexity (2006)

This paper compares the performance and complexity of various MIMO receiver structures for 802.11n WLAN systems, including linear approaches such as MMSE and ZF, and iterative detection and decoding using list sphere decoding. Optimal beam steering with the low-complexity MMSE receiver is shown to outperform the computationally-expensive list sphere decoder receiver with an uninformed transmitter
Thermoplastic behavior of lignin with various synthetic plasticizers (1975)

Abstract The thermoplasticization of thiolignin (TL) and dioxane lignin (DL) with various synthetic plasticizers has been investigated. The thermal softening temperatures T s of the lignin–plasticizer systems were measured applying the flow tester technique which is useful for investigating the thermal properties of polymers. It was found that the T s of the lignins were lowered considerably as the solubility parameters (after Hildebrand) of the plasticizers approach close to that of lignin, namely, around 11. The lowering in the T s of the lignins with the plasticizers was described by a linear equation with respect to the plasticizer concentration which ranged up to 20 wt‐%. The sorption of the limited amounts (< 5%) of water to the lignins also considerably decreased the T s , however, the extent of lowering in the T s by water sorption is less than that by the plasticizer addition at their contents over about 15%. The relationship of T s to water content (up to about 30%) was curved, not linear. It was clearly shown that a combined use of the plasticizer and water brought about the most effective plasticizing for the lignins compared with the use of either of those alone.
Updated long‐term outcomes after carbon‐ion radiotherapy for primary renal cell carcinoma (2018)

Long-term oncological outcomes for primary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treated with carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) are poorly understood. Patients with primary RCC were treated with 12 or 16-fraction CIRT at The Hospital of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences outside of clinical trials. Outcome data were pooled and retrospectively analyzed for toxicity, local control, and disease-free, cancer-specific, and overall survival. From 1997 to 2014, 19 RCC patients (11 with T1aN0M0, 4 with T1bN0M0, and 4 with inoperable advanced stage [T4N0M0, T3aN1M0, and T1aN0M1]) were treated with CIRT and followed up for a median of 6.6 (range, 0.7-16.5) years; 9 of these patients were inoperable because of comorbidities or advanced-stage disease. Diagnoses were confirmed by imaging in 11 patients and by biopsy in the remaining 8. In 4 of 5 patients with definitive renal comorbidities, including diabetic nephropathy, sclerotic kidney or solitary kidney pre-CIRT progressed to grade 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD). In contrast, the remaining 14 patients without definitive renal comorbidities did not progress to grade 3 or higher CKD. Furthermore, although 1 case of grade 4 dermatitis was observed, there were no other grade 3 or higher non-renal adverse events. Local control rate, and disease-free, cancer-specific, and overall survival rates at 5 years of all 19 patients were 94.1%, 68.9%, 100%, and 89.2%, respectively. This updated retrospective analysis based on long-term follow-up data suggests that CIRT is a safe treatment for primary RCC patients without definitive renal comorbidities pre-CIRT, and yield favorable treatment outcomes, even in inoperable cases.
Methodological aspects of DNA image cytometry in normal bone marrow smears. (1993)

The possibility of using DNA image cytometry in hematological material was evaluated in 27 Feulgen stained normal bone marrow smears. The 95% normal limits of DNA index (DI) determined separately for each cell population in bone marrow were 0.89-1.15, 0.93-1.09 and 0.92-1.12 for blasts, granulocytes and lymphocytes, respectively. The mean DI for blasts, granulocytes and lymphocytes was 1.02, 1.01 and 1.02, respectively. In the blasts population the mean percentage of cells in S+G2/M phase was 38.1% (S.D. 12.9%, range 14.3-65.6%), whereas the corresponding values for granulocytes and lymphocytes were below 1%. Calculation of DI and G0/G1 C.V. obtained in bone marrow smears subjected to Feulgen hydrolysis (5 N HCl, 22 degrees C) for different periods of time revealed the presence of a plateau of results between 60 and 120 min for all of the cell types. The intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility was confirmed by duplicate measurements of each subpopulation (P > 0.05). A comparison of DI and G0/G1 C.V. using smears from the same donors stained with the Feulgen method either straight away or after destaining from May-Grunwald-Giemsa confirmed that destained smears can be used, provided applying appropriately prepared reference cells. We conclude that image cytometry can be used reliably to analyze DNA content in hematological material.
In Vivo Validation of Quasi-Static Field Model in Intra-Body Communication (2011)

Intra-Body communication (IBC) is a short-range body based communication using the human body as the transmission medium in biomedical application. Quasi-static electric field modeling of the galvanic coupling IBC channel is analyzed; Analytical solution of voltage distribution and signal attenuatio
Measuring the burden of mental illness and substance use and the level and impact of health care response in patients with spinal trauma: a record linkage study. (2019)

Background with rationale Traumatic spinal injuries (TSI) include column fractures, spinal cord injury, or both. They are among the most severe injuries with potential long-term physical, psychological, and social consequences. Primary causes of TSIs are falls and motor vehicle crashes, however, mental illness and substance use are known to significantly increase all injury risk. Injury is also known to increase risks of mental deterioration and physical complications including self-harm and self-neglect. Main Aim We aimed to identify comorbid mental illness and/or substance use at incident TSI, quantifying associated costs and health service management of these inequities. Methods NSW record-linkage administrative data analyses (2013-2016) will determine accurate prevalence of mental illness and/or substance use disorder among all patients who sustained acute TSI during the study period. Using recurrent event analyses, we will estimate the contributions of mental illness and/or substance use disorder on the impact on hospital acquired complications (HAC), length of stay and costs; assessing records for social work and/or psychologist consultation. Results 13,489 individuals were hospitalised with acute TSI; 21% had either mental health and/or substance use diagnoses; 8.7% had both. These patients were more likely to have experienced falls or intentional self-harm, be male and have multiple comorbidity. Acute care stay and costs were on average twice that of patients with TSI without mental health and/or substance use diagnoses; additionally they were more than twice as likely to experience HACs. Only 56% of TSI patients with these comorbid conditions in the context of TSI, had documented social work or psychologist consultation. Conclusion Patients with mental illness and/or substance use disorder, experience significant health disparities that require concerted health system attention that should begin early in acute care.
Interferometric Measurements of Cusp Deformation of Teeth Restored with Composites (1993)

A Michelson interferometry apparatus was used for measurement of the displacement of the buccal cusps of premolars after restoration of MOD preparations with composites. The effects of composite type, cavity size, and hydration conditions were examined. Interferometry permitted real-time measurement of cusp movement as it occurred. Contraction occurred very rapidly, about 1/3 of the 60-minute amount within the two-minute period of exposure to the curing light. Cusp movement was smooth rather than interrupted, indicating lack of microfracturing at deformations of 11-46 microns. Contraction, 0.94% for Heliomolar and 1.2% for P-50, was similar to the linear polymerization shrinkage of the resins. Less cusp movement occurred in small cavities than in large cavities. Hydrated teeth had less cusp movement than dehydrated teeth.
Effect of 2-Methyl-9 Alpha Fluorohydrocortisone on Internal Distribution of Fluid and Electrolytes of Fasted Adrenalectomized Dogs. (1957)

Summary2-methyl-9a-fluorohydrocortisone will revive adrenalectomized dogs from severe insufficiency and restore them to normal health within 48-60 hours even though they are deprived of food and water during recovery. The steroid fully corrects the distorted fluid and electrolyte equilibria of the blood. The lowered arterial pressure, serum Na and Cl increase to normal levels, the elevated serum K and blood urea nitrogen fall, while accompanying these changes, hemodilution occurs along with a diuresis and further loss of fluid, Na and Cl. When adrenal hormones are lacking, water and salt are not only lost in urine and other excretions but perhaps equally important, are immobilized in cells and tissues. Following administration of potent steroid ample fluid and salt are redistributed to the extracellular and intravascular compartment with complete disappearance of symptoms and return of activity and vigor.