gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative Toxicity of Three Organic Acids to Freshwater Organisms and Their Impact on Aquatic Ecosystems (2006)

ABSTRACT The comparative toxicity of lactic acid, acetic acid, and benzoic acid to tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), cladoceran crustacea (Moina micrura), and oligochaete worm (Branchiura sowerbyi) were determined using static bioassay tests. Worms were found most sensitive to all the acids whereas the cladoceran was found most resistant to lactic acid and the fish most resistant to acetic acid and benzoic acid. The 96h LC50 values of lactic acid, acetic acid, and benzoic acid, were, respectively, 257.73, 272.87, and 276.74 mg L−1 for O. mossambicus; 329.12, 163.72, and 71.65 mg L−1 for M. micrura and 50.82, 14.90, and 39.47 mg L−1 for B. sowerbyi. Tilapia lost appetite at sub-lethal concentrations as low as 2.18 mg L−1 lactic acid, 1.26 mg L−1 acetic acid, and 13.84 mg L− 1 of benzoic acid. Growth and reproduction of the fish were affected following 90-day chronic exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of the acids. Minimum effective concentration of the acids that significantly reduced food conversion efficiency (FCE), percent increase of weight, specific growth rate, yield and fecundity of the fish were 2.18, 1.47, and 3.95 mg · L−1 of lactic acid, acetic acid, and benzoic acid, respectively. Effects of acetic acid and benzoic acid on FCE, weight increase, and yield were not significantly different from each other whereas lactic acid produced different effects from acetic acid as well as benzoic acid. Mean values of dissolved oxygen, primary productivity, and plankton populations of the test medium significantly reduced from control at 16.94 mg L−1 lactic acid, 16.79 mg L−1 acetic acid, and 13.84 mg L−1 benzoic acid.
Erythroid colony formation by fetal rat liver and spleen cells <i>in vitro</i>: inhibition by a low relative molecular mass component of fetal spleen (1992)

Liver and spleen hematopoietic cell suspensions from 20-day-old-fetal rats were fractionated on Percoll gradients. A granulocyte-rich splenic fraction inhibited CFUe production by cultures of a CFUe-enriched liver fraction, and by cultures of unfractionated liver and spleen hematopoietic cells. Conditioned medium from the spleen cell fraction contained an inhibitor of relative molecular mass, Mr, 25-35 x 10(3). The sensitivity of spleen cells to the inhibitor varied with the age of the fetus from which they were derived (20-day-old less than 18-and 19-day-old). No such age-dependence was found for liver cells. The inhibitor affects cycling CFUe, blocks the lethal effect of AraC, does not appear to be lineage-specific and its influence can be reversed by washing.
Analytic design of multiple-axis, multifocal diffractive lenses (2012)

In this Letter, we introduce an analytic procedure for designing diffractive lenses using the combination of wavefronts aberrated by Zernike polynomials. We show how to design amplitude-only, phase-only, continuous, and binary lenses providing equivalent results. As an example we apply it to the design of a multiple-axis, multifocal lens. The number of foci and their positions can be easily controlled. Theoretical predictions have been experimentally confirmed. The main advantage of this procedure is that, because it is simple and intuitive, it can be used successfully for the design of complex lenses.
A guide to least-squares reverse time migration for subsalt imaging: Challenges and solutions (2017)

Least-squares reverse time migration (LSRTM) overcomes the shortcomings of conventional migration algorithms by iteratively fitting the demigrated synthetic data and the input data to refine the initial depth image toward true reflectivity. It gradually enhances the effective signals and removes the migration artifacts such as swing noise during conventional migration. When imaging the subsalt area with complex structures, many practical issues have to be considered to ensure the convergence of the inversion. We tackle those practical issues such as an unknown source wavelet, inaccurate migration velocity, and slow convergence to make LSRTM applicable to subsalt imaging in geologic complex areas such as the Gulf of Mexico. Dynamic warping is used to realign the modeled and input data to compensate for minor velocity errors in the subsalt sediments. A windowed crosscorrelation-based confidence level is used to control the quality of the residual computation. The confidence level is further used as an inverse weighting to precondition the data residual so that the convergence rates in shallow and deep images are automatically balanced. It also helps suppress the strong artifacts related to the salt boundary. The efficiency of the LSRTM is improved so that interpretable images in the area of interest can be obtained in only a few iterations. After removing the artifacts near the salt body using LSRTM, the image better represents the true geology than the outcome of conventional RTM; thus, it facilitates the interpretation. Synthetic and field data examples examine and demonstrate the effectiveness of the adaptive strategies.
Facile synthesis of Ag–ZnO hybrid nanospindles for highly efficient photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (2014)

Highly photocatalytically active Ag nanoparticle decorated ZnO nanospindles were synthesized by a facile wet chemical method. The structural and optical properties of the as-synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution TEM (HRTEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of these nanostructures was evaluated by analyzing sunlight driven degradation of methyl orange (MO) dye and it was observed that Ag nanoparticle modified ZnO nanospindles show significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity for degradation of MO, as compared to ZnO nanospindles. We attribute the observed enhanced photocatalytic activity of Ag nanoparticle decorated ZnO nanospindles to their improved sunlight utilization efficiency and the efficient suppression of recombination of photogenerated charge carriers due to the electron scavenging action of Ag nanoparticles and the interfacial electron transfers due to the Schottky junction between Ag nanoparticles and ZnO nanospindles.
Performance analysis and evaluation of co‐channel interference canceler for DS‐CDMA using replica suppression (2000)

Multistage interference cancelers are deemed to be one of the most realizable schemes for asynchronous DS-CDMA. While limited to SD (Soft Decision)-based parallel multistage cancellation, this paper covers (1) theoretical relations introduced between suppressing factors and interference canceling gains, and (2) computer simulation results confirming the validity of the theory. There are two ways of setting suppressing factors. One is to set common values for all stages, and another is to set an individual value for each stage. This paper also discusses the differences between the two types of setting suppressing factors. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 83(12): 1–11, 2000
Co-regulation of learning in computer-supported collaborative learning environments: a discussion (2012)

This discussion paper for this special issue examines co-regulation of learning in computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) environments extending research on self-regulated learning in computerbased environments. The discussion employs a socio-cognitive perspective focusing on social and collective views of learning to examine how students co-regulate and collaborate in computer-supported inquiry. Following the review of the articles, theoretical, methodological and instructional implications are discussed: Future research directions include examining the theoretical nature of collective regulation and social metacognition in building models of co-regulated learning; expanding methodological approaches using trace data and multiple measures for convergence and construct validity; and conducting instructional experiments to test and to foster the development of co-regulated learning in computer-supported collaborative inquiry.
Stratification of adverse outcomes by preoperative risk factors in coronary artery bypass graft patients: an artificial neural network prediction model. (2003)

We constructed and internally validated an artificial neural network (ANN) model for prediction of in-hospital major adverse outcomes (defined as death, cardiac arrest, coma, renal failure, cerebrovascular accident, reinfarction, or prolonged mechanical ventilation) in patients who received "on-pump" coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. We retrospectively analyzed a 5-year CABG surgery database with a final study population of 563 patients. Predictive variables were limited to information available before the procedure, and outcome variables were represented only by events that occurred postoperatively. The ANN's ability to discriminate outcomes was assessed using receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and the results were compared with a multivariate logistic regression (LR) model and the QMMI risk score (RS) model. A major adverse outcome occurred in 12.3% of all patients and 18 predictive variables were identified by the ANN model. Pairwise comparison showed that the ANN model significantly outperformed the RS model (AUC = 0.886 vs.0.752, p = 0.043). However, the other two pairs, ANN vs. LR models (AUC = 0.886 vs. 0.807, p = 0.076) and LR vs. RS models (AUC = 0.807 vs. 0.752, p = 0.453) performed similarly well. ANNs tend to outperform regression models and might be a useful screening tool to stratify CABG candidates preoperatively into high-risk and low-risk groups.
Mismanaging Core Competencies During International Diversification: The Case of Burns Philp (2001)

This case discusses the diversification of a major Australian multinational, Burns Philp and Company Limited (Burns Philp), into the international food spice business in the 1980s and 1990s. It tracks the strategic mistakes made by management that were driven by a fundamental lack of understanding of the company's core competencies and the competencies needed in the international spice business. It was this dissonance that caused poor investment decisions to be made and also created a competency vacuum within the firm that lead to ongoing problems in the management of the new businesses. In the words of Burns Philp's CEO Tom Degnan, the problems arose due to the fact that Burns Philp 'paid too much for its assets and did not manage them appropriately' (Brown, 1998, 4). This case finds agreement with this analysis and develops an explanation for these actions.
[Three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopic characterization of dissolved organic matter in water of coal-mining area]. (2008)

Three-dimensional excitation emission matrix was applied to characterize the fluorescence properties of dissolved organic matter in various waters of Shilong coal-mining area. Fluorescence peak I (fulvic-like) and peak II (humic-like) were strong, while peak IV and peak V (protein-like) were weak or even undetected in some samples. Fluorescence peaks in various waters and different zones showed great difference in intensities and the fluorescence peaks in underground water tended to be much lower than those of surface waters. Furthermore, the fluorescence peaks of rivers and lakes were higher than those of mine drainage, and also the fluorescence peaks in coking zone and coal mining zone were higher than those in sewage-irrigated zone, or even much higher than those in farming zone. The reason may be that coal mining activities and coal industry can bring plenty of organic matter from coal to surroundings. Meanwhile, surface water would accept mine drainage, waste water of coal-washing and sewage from daily life easier than underground water, so surface water can be polluted seriously. Fluorescence peaks in waters from coal mining area are little influenced by pH of the water but can be influenced by the content of Ca2+ to water in some extent.
Comprehensive Carrier Screening and Molecular Diagnostic Testing for Recessive Childhood Diseases (2012)

Of 7,028 disorders with suspected Mendelian inheritance, 1,139 are recessive and have an established molecular basis. Although individually uncommon, Mendelian diseases collectively account for ~20% of infant mortality and ~18% of pediatric hospitalizations. Molecular diagnostic testing is currently available for only ~300 recessive disorders. Preconception screening, together with genetic counseling of carriers, has resulted in remarkable declines in the incidence of several severe recessive diseases including Tay-Sachs disease and cystic fibrosis. However, extension of preconception screening and molecular diagnostic testing to most recessive disease genes has hitherto been impractical. Recently, we reported a preconception carrier screen / molecular diagnostic test for 448 recessive childhood diseases. The current status of this test is reviewed here. Currently, this reports analytical validity of the comprehensive carrier test. As the clinical validity and clinical utility in the contexts described is ascertained, this article will be updated.
Nutrition as a risk for cardiovascular disease in women: dietary intakes of nursing students. (1996)

The purpose of this study was to examine dietary intakes of female, baccalaureate nursing students, and to compare their intakes of those nutrients thought to influence cardiovascular health with the Canadian Recommended Nutrient Intakes. Forty-three subjects between the ages of 19-24 completed 3-day dietary records. Although energy intake was low, the student's dietary intakes of fat, protein, and carbohydrates were within acceptable limits. Intakes of sodium and cholesterol were similar to those found in previous studies of young women. Six of the students had BMIs over 27 placing them at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Longitudinal studies are recommended to provide for a better understanding of nursing students' dietary habits and to establish a basis for education regarding modification of cardiovascular risk.
Capacitation of Rabbit Spermatozoa in vitro (1975)

This research was carried out to define in vitro conditions that would enable ejaculated rabbit sperm to fertilize ova in vitro. During 20 min exposure of sperm cells to defined media of increasing NaCl concentrations, progressive removal or alteration of sperm surface seminal plasma antigenic components was initiated and completed as reflected by an immunological assay at approximately 300 and 380 mOsm/kg, respectively. Hypertonic (380 mOsm/kg) medium effected complete removal or alteration of these components as determined by the immunological assay during the first 5 min of sperm treatment. Isotonic (305 mOsm/kg) treatment was shown to have effected removal or alteration of some but not all of the antigenic sperm coating seminal plasma components detectable by this means during 20 min of exposure. Sperm within the perivitelline space, presence of pronuclei, and 2- and 4-cell cleavage stages were taken as evidence for fertilization. None of 34 ova incubated for 27 h in vitro with once-washed sperm showed evidence of fertilization. Following treatment of sperm with hypertonic (380 mOsm/kg) medium prior to in vitro insemination, proportions of ova showing evidence of fertilization ranged from 8.1 percent (12 to 148 ova) to 72.2 percent (52 of 72 ova); and, following treatment of sperm with isotonic (305 mOsm/kg) medium, fertilization of ova ranged from 0 percent (0 to 19 ova) to 73.9 percent (51 of 69 ova) when results were considered according to individual male sperm donors. No large differences were found by the immunological assay that could be linked to variability of fertilizing ability of sperm from different bucks. Differences in metabolic characteristics of sperm cells was suggested as a likely reason for differences in fertilizing ability of sperm from different bucks. In experiments using sperm and ova from the same sources, no differences in fertilization results were apparent following 305 and 380 mOsm/kg sperm treatments. Initiation, but not completion, of removal or alteration of sperm surface seminal plasma antigenic components, then, was a necessary prerequisite to in vitro insemination for successful achievement of fertilization in vitro. Sperm penetration into ova occurred in some cases before 7–10 h after insemination (4 of 54 ova penetrated), but actively motile sperm were found within the perivitelline space of other ova as late as 25 h after insemination. One hundred and seventy-six 2- and 4-cell stage embryos were transferred to 14 recipient does. Twenty-four embryos (13.1 percent) implanted in 6 recipients but most were resorbed. Three embryos resulting from in vitro fertilization with in vitro capacitated ejaculated rabbit sperm were carried successfully to term by 2 recipients and 2 of the offspring were males. This provides documentation for the authenticity of in vitro capacitation of ejaculated sperm of a mammalian species and represents the initial successful combination of in vitro sperm capacitation with in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in the rabbit.
Integrated-Optical Single-Sideband Modulator and Phase Shifter (1982)

A scheme of spatially weighted coupling between two wave-guide modes is proposed in which the weights form an electrooptically induced periodic coupling structure that can be moved at variable speeds forward or backward along the guide. The device can operate as an optical phase shifter with unlimited phase range, as a single-sideband amplitude modulator or frequency shifter, or as a polarization transformer.
Attack of Hydrogen-Nitrogen Mixtures on Steels (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAttack of Hydrogen-Nitrogen Mixtures on SteelsHarry K. IhrigCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1949, 41, 11, 2516–2521Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1949https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50479a032RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views67Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts
Neural-Based Models of Semiconductor Devices for SPICE Simulator (2008)

The paper addresses a simple and fast new approach to implement Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) models for the MOS transistor into SPICE. The proposed approach involves two steps, the modeling phase of the device by NN providing its input/output patterns, and the SPICE implementation process of the resulting model. Using the Taylor series expansion, a neural based small-signal model is derived. The reliability of our approach is validated through simulations of some circuits in DC and small-signal analyses.
Cytokine release syndrome: grading, modeling, and new therapy (2018)

Genetically modified T cells that express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) are opening a new frontier in cancer immunotherapy. CAR T cells currently are in clinical trials for many cancer types. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicities (CAR-related encephalopathy syndrome, CRES) are major adverse events limiting wide deployment of the CAR T cell treatment. Major efforts are ongoing to characterize the pathogenesis and etiology of CRS and CRES. Mouse models have been established to facilitate the study of pathogenesis of the major toxicities of CAR T cells. Myeloid cells including macrophages and monocytes, not the CAR T cells, were found to be the major cells mediating CRS and CRES by releasing IL-1 and IL-6 among other cytokines. Blocking IL-1 or depletion of monocytes abolished both CRS and CRES, whereas IL-6 blocker can ameliorate CRS but not CRES. Therefore, both IL-1 and IL-6 are major cytokines for CRS, though IL-1 is responsible for CRES. It was also demonstrated in the mouse models that blocking CRS does not interfere with the CAR T cell antitumor functions. We summarized new developments in the grading, modeling, and possible new therapeutic approaches for CRS and CRES in this review.
Simulations of three adaptive, decentralized controlled, job scheduling algorithms (1984)

Abstract Simulation results of three adaptive, decentralized controlled job scheduling algorithms which assume absolutely no a priori knowledge about jobs are presented. The results provide insight into the workings and relative effectiveness of the three algorithms, as well as insight into the performance of a special type of decentralized control. The simulation approach includes tuning the parameters of each algorithm, and then comparing the three algorithms based on response time, load balancing and the percentage of job movement. Each of the algorithm is compared under light, moderate, and heavy loads in the system, as well as a function of the traffic in the communication subnet and the scheduling interval. Modifications to the models are then introduced to further investigate the impact of various other parameters such as the cost of the scheduling algorithm itself, the effect of highly degraded state information and eliminating the movement of large (in size) jobs. Three simple analytical models are also presented and compared to the simulation results. A general observation is that, if tuned correctly, the decentralized algorithms exhibit stable behavior and considerably improve performance (response time and load balancing) at modest cost (percentage of job movement and algorithm execution cost).
An adaptive fuzzy sliding-mode controller design for induction servomotor system (2002)

An adaptive fuzzy sliding-mode control (AFSMC) design method is proposed to control an induction servomotor system. The proposed AFSMC system comprises a fuzzy controller and a compensation controller. The fuzzy controller is used to mimic an ideal computational controller. The compensation controller is designed to compensate for the difference between the ideal computational controller and the fuzzy controller. All parameters in the proposed AFSMC system are tuned in the Lyapunov sense; thus the stability of the system can be guaranteed. Simulation and experimental results verify that the proposed design method can achieve satisfactory control performance with regard to parameter variations and external disturbance.