gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Randomly broken fragment PCR with 5′ end-directed adaptor for genome walking (2013)

Many genome walking methods based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are available, including those with and without restriction enzyme modification. Nevertheless, these methods suffer from low reproducibility, inefficiency, and non-specificity. Here, we present a traceable and efficient PCR strategy: randomly broken fragment PCR with 5' end-directed adaptor for genome walking. The genome is first fragmented randomly. After blunting ends, the fragments are ligated to the 5' end-directed adaptors. Semi-nested PCR is then performed. Thus, we can obtain an unknown sequence by cloning the fragments of interest, followed by sequencing. This method effectively bypasses the above-mentioned obstacles and offers the advances: 1) genome fragmentation without using restriction enzymes; 2) enhancement of primer specificity and the prevention of self-ligation between the adaptors by employing a 5' end-directed adaptor. All of the steps in this new method are straightforward, and the unknown sequence can be definitively obtained by merely applying the method once.
Role of polymorphic CYP2E1 and CYP2D6 genes in NNK-induced chromosome aberrations in cultured human lymphocytes (2000)

Polymorphisms in genes of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes are largely responsible for interindividual differences in ability to activate and detoxify genotoxic agents and therefore may influence individual susceptibility to environmental cancer. The tobacco-specific nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), requires metabolic activation by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to generate DNA-reactive intermediates that induce mutations and cancer. In the current study, we investigated the role of the polymorphic CYP2E1 and CYP2D6 genes in the genotoxicity of NNK using the tandem-probe fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) chromosome aberration assay as a marker. Our results, using whole blood cultures from 39 volunteers, indicated that NNK (0.12, 0.24 or 0.72 mM) induced a concentration-dependent increase in the frequency of chromosome aberration. The potential role of CYP2E1 and CYP2D6 in NNK-induced genetic damage in cultured human lymphocytes was characterized using specific CYP inhibitors. Treatment of blood cultures with 25 microM diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC), a specific CYP2E1 inhibitor, or 0.5 microM quinidine, a specific CYP2D6 inhibitor, simultaneously with NNK, significantly decreased NNK-induced chromosome aberration. We also studied the role of CYP2E1 and CYP2D6 allelic variants on NNK-induced chromosome aberration. Our results indicate that NNK induced a significantly higher level of chromosome aberration in cells with the CYP2E1 WT/*5B genotype compared to cells with the CYP2E1 WT/WT. In contrast, no difference in NNK-induced chromosome aberration was observed between cells with the CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers compared to cells with the CYP2D6 poor metabolizer genotypes. These results underscore the important role of polymorphic metabolizing genes in influencing the genotoxic responses to environmental mutagens and provide support to the reported findings linking CYP2E1 polymorphism to smoking-related lung cancer.
A Method for Making Customized, Thick Labels for Microscope Slides. (2018)

This paper describes a technique for creating customized, thick (= 1 mm) slide labels, and fastening them permanently to slides so they can be stored vertically by stacking or horizontally like cards in a file without putting pres­sure on the coverslip. After 20 years, thick labels created by this technique have shown no sign of degradation; labels fastened to slides with silicone caulking have remained securely attached. A storage system, using insect drawer sized trays that hold large numbers of thick labelled slides, is shown. The use of thick labels and such a storage system simplifies the curation of large numbers of slides.
Mechanism of material removal in the magnetic abrasive process and the accuracy of machining (1996)

In this paper, we focus on the magnetic abrasive process as a sizing process and present a theory which explains the out-of-roundness error phenomenon based on force analysis of the material removal mechanism. The theory is independent of the size and material of the workpiece and the design of the magnetic abrasive machine tool. The theory results are verified experimentally. The limiting accuracy of the magnetic abrasive process, the machining time required to achieve specified accuracy of the workpiece, and the material removal rate are determined.
Improving Web Navigation Usability by Comparing Actual and Anticipated Usage (2014)

We present a new method to identify navigation-related Web usability problems based on comparing actual and anticipated usage patterns. The actual usage patterns can be extracted from Web server logs routinely recorded for operational websites by first processing the log data to identify users, user sessions, and user task-oriented transactions, and then applying an usage mining algorithm to discover patterns among actual usage paths. The anticipated usage, including information about both the path and time required for user-oriented tasks, is captured by our ideal user interactive path models constructed by cognitive experts based on their cognition of user behavior. The comparison is performed via the mechanism of test oracle for checking results and identifying user navigation difficulties. The deviation data produced from this comparison can help us discover usability issues and suggest corrective actions to improve usability. A software tool was developed to automate a significant part of the activities involved. With an experiment on a small service-oriented website, we identified usability problems, which were cross-validated by domain experts, and quantified usability improvement by the higher task success rate and lower time and effort for given tasks after suggested corrections were implemented. This case study provides an initial validation of the applicability and effectiveness of our method.
Identification of Small Molecule Inhibitors of Amyloid β-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis Acting through the Imidazoline I<sub>2</sub> Receptor (2012)

Aberrant activation of signaling pathways plays a pivotal role in central nervous system disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using a combination of virtual screening and experimental testing, novel small molecule inhibitors of tPA-mediated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)1/2 activation were identified that provide higher levels of neuroprotection from Aβ-induced apoptosis than Memantine, the most recently FDA-approved drug for AD treatment. Subsequent target deconvolution efforts revealed that they all share low micromolar affinity for the imidazoline I(2) receptor, while being devoid of any significant affinity to a list of AD-relevant targets, including the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). Targeting the imidazoline I(2) receptor emerges as a new mechanism of action to inhibit tPA-induced signaling in neurons for the treatment of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Effect of plant stilbene precursors on the biosynthesis of resveratrol in Vitis amurensis Rupr. Cell cultures (2012)

The biosynthesis of resveratrol after the application of a precursor for biosynthesis, i.e., phenylalanine (Phe), has been studied. The application of Phe has been shown to increase significantly the expression of the phenylalanine-ammonia-lyase (PAL) and stilbene synthase (STS) genes and enhance the production of resveratrol by 8.5 times. Data on resveratrol production after the addition of Phe and coumaric acid (CA) were compared with known analogs.
Fiscal decentralisation and economic growth in Vietnam (2011)

By making use of a recently released panel dataset that covers 61 provinces of Vietnam, this paper examines the link between fiscal decentralisation and economic growth. Significant fiscal decentralisation has taken place in Vietnam from the mid-1990s. This paper explicitly considers the effect of fiscal decentralisation on economic growth (1) under the 1996 State Budget Law, which covered the period 1996 to 2001, and (2) under the 2002 State Budget Law, which covered the period 2002 to 2007. Our empirical analysis reveals that economic growth in Vietnam is positively associated with revenue decentralisation but negatively associated with expenditure decentralisation.
Environmental Contamination Due to Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus:</i> Possible Infection Control Implications (1997)

Active surveillance cultures are essential to identify the reservoir for spread of MRSA and VRE infections and make control possible using the CDC's long-recommended contact precautions.
A High-Performance Multiply-Accumulate Unit by Integrating Additions and Accumulations Into Partial Product Reduction Process (2020)

In this paper, we propose a low-power high-speed pipeline multiply-accumulate (MAC) architecture. In a conventional MAC, carry propagations of additions (including additions in multiplications and additions in accumulations) often lead to large power consumption and large path delay. To resolve this problem, we integrate a part of additions into the partial product reduction (PPR) process. In the proposed MAC architecture, the addition and accumulation of higher significance bits are not performed until the PPR process of the next multiplication. To correctly deal with the overflow in the PPR process, a small-size adder is designed to accumulate the total number of carries. Compared with previous works, experimental results show that the proposed MAC architecture can greatly reduce both power consumption and circuit area under the same timing constraint.
Surface behaviour of adsorbed films from protein-amphiphile mixtures (2007)

The effect of interaction between proteins and amphiphiles on the surface tension reduction have been measured by the drop-volume method. The equilibrium surface tension reduction isotherms at the air/water interface of serum albumin and of ovalbumin in sodium dodecylsulphate and of ovalbumin in 1-monocaproin are reported. The surface tension reduction isotherms of the proteins in the anionic amphiphile solutions exhibit plateau regions, which have been interpreted in terms of different states of protein-amphiphile interaction in the bulk solution. Any interaction between ovalbumin and the monoglyceride is not reflected in the surface tension isotherm. At increased amphiphile concentration the protein seems to be replaced by 1-monocaproin in the surface.
Development and Field Testing of a Time-Synchronized System for Multi-Point Displacement Calculation Using Low-Cost Wireless Vision-Based Sensors (2018)

This paper presents a contactless multi-point displacement measurement system using multiple synchronized wireless cameras. Our system makes use of computer vision techniques to perform displacement calculations, which can be used to provide a valuable insight into the structural condition and service behavior of bridges under live loading. The system outlined in this paper provides a low-cost durable solution, which is rapidly deployable in the field. The architecture of this system can be expanded to include up to ten wireless vision sensors, addressing the limitation of current existing solutions limited in scope by their inability to reliably track multiple points on medium- and long-span bridge structures. Our multi-sensor approach facilitates multi-point displacement and additional vision sensors for vehicle identification and tracking that could be used to accurately relate the bridge displacement response to the load type in the time domain. The performance of the system was validated in a series of controlled laboratory tests. This paper will significantly advance current vision-based structural health monitoring systems, which can be cost prohibitive and provides a rapid method of obtaining data which accurately relates to measured bridge deflections.
Denoising of 3D Brain MR Images with Parallel Residual Learning of Convolutional Neural Network Using Global and Local Feature Extraction (2021)

Magnetic resonance (MR) images often suffer from random noise pollution during image acquisition and transmission, which impairs disease diagnosis by doctors or automated systems. In recent years, many noise removal algorithms with impressive performances have been proposed. In this work, inspired by the idea of deep learning, we propose a denoising method named 3D-Parallel-RicianNet, which will combine global and local information to remove noise in MR images. Specifically, we introduce a powerful dilated convolution residual (DCR) module to expand the receptive field of the network and to avoid the loss of global features. Then, to extract more local information and reduce the computational complexity, we design the depthwise separable convolution residual (DSCR) module to learn the channel and position information in the image, which not only reduces parameters dramatically but also improves the local denoising performance. In addition, a parallel network is constructed by fusing the features extracted from each DCR module and DSCR module to improve the efficiency and reduce the complexity for training a denoising model. Finally, a reconstruction (REC) module aims to construct the clean image through the obtained noise deviation and the given noisy image. Due to the lack of ground-truth images in the real MR dataset, the performance of the proposed model was tested qualitatively and quantitatively on one simulated T1-weighted MR image dataset and then expanded to four real datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed 3D-Parallel-RicianNet network achieves performance superior to that of several state-of-the-art methods in terms of the peak signal-to-noise ratio, structural similarity index, and entropy metric. In particular, our method demonstrates powerful abilities in both noise suppression and structure preservation.
Water Content of CO2 in Equilibrium With Liquid Water and/or Hydrates (1987)

Summary Experimentally measured water content in CO2-rich fluid in the gaseous or liquid state in equilibrium with liquid water or hydrate is presented for pressures ranging from 100 to 2,000 psia [0.69 to 13.79 MPa] and temperatures from −19 to 77°F [−28.33 to 25.0°C]. The water content of the CO2-rich phase along the three-phase equilibria, i.e., liquid water/liquid CO2/gas to the three-phase critical endpoint, is also reported. The experimental results from this study on the water content in the CO2-rich phases have been combined with earlier research results of the CO2/water binary system in the hydrate-free region from 77 to 200°F [25.0 to 93.33°C] and pressures to 3,000 psia [20.69 MPa] to produce a comprehensive plot. The high degree of complexity in the phase behavior of a CO2/water binary system, which exhibits several pairs of equilibrium phases for the conditions, is shown. To make the data more intelligible than they are in their raw form, the data are presented in terms of the pressure enhancement of the water content along isotherms. Finally, the activity coefficients of water in the CO2-rich phases are summarized.
Optical properties of metallic photonic crystal structures (2005)

This work presents a comprehensive study of the linear optical properties of metallo-dielectric photonic crystals. These artificially structured materials generally belong to the new material class of so-called polaritonic photonic crystals. They provide simultaneous electronic and photonic resonances in the same energy range. In this work, we investigate one-dimensional periodic gold nanowire arrays deposited on top of different substrate materials as an ideally suited model system. The influence of both dielectric and metallic substrates is studied. In particular, it is shown that the optical response of these metallo-dielectric nanostructures is generally modified due to the appearance of various electromagnetic coupling phenomena. Polariton formation as well as plasmon hybridization are reported.
CHLORIDE PENETRATION INTO MORTAR FOR NON-DESTRUCTIVE DETERMINATION OF THE CHLORIDE BINDING ISOTHERM (1999)

Santrauka Chlorido įsiskverbimo į betono struktūrą koeficientą galima būtų nustatyti išmatavus efektyviosios difuzijos koeficientą nustačius nelinijinį chlorido ir betono rišimąsi. Siūlomas naujas būdas rišimosi procesui modeliuoti—Freundlicho izoterma, apskaičiavus jos lygtį iš kelių tradicinių difuzijos bandymų pastoviosios būklės sąlygomis. Siūlomo būdo pranašumas (palyginti su klasikiniais bandymų metodais, kai rišimosi izotermos gaunamos iš trupintų bandinių) yra tas, kad taikoma nelinijinio rišimosi izotermos lygtis betono mikrostruktūrai natūraliomis eksploatacijos sąlygomis. Šiuo atveju galima studijuoti mikrostruktūros poveikį chlorido jonų rišimuisi.
Sonographic examination of the mediastinum and upper abdomen by fiberoptic gastroscope. (1984)

A prototype fiberoptic gastroscope with a 9 MHz transducer 7 cm from its tip was used to evaluate intrinsic and extrinsic abnormalities of the upper abdomen and mediastinum. Small hepatic and pancreatic tumors were identified, often with more clarity than when other imaging modalities were used. The instrument clearly defined intrinsic bowel wall lesions including focal and diffuse disease. Bowel wall thickness was identified, and exact wall dimensions were measured. In addition, unsuspected pericardial, mitral, and aortic valvular disease was detected. These preliminary results suggest a new complementary imaging modality.
Discovering Bluetooth (2001)

From the Publisher:
Prepare for the Coming Bluetooth Revolution!
Bluetooth is coming-and it will change your life. Within the next few years thousands of Bluetooth-enabled devices will hit the market, promising a major impact on the way you live and work. Discovering Bluetooth offers unparalleled insights into this new wireless technology, discusses its many potential applications, and shows you how you can integrate Bluetooth into your daily routine. 
The Applications Are Endless-and Covered Inside: 
 Control a PC with a PDA 
 Do everything with one device 
 Interact remotely with backoffice systems 
 Sync up all your devices without taking them out of your briefcase 
 Connect to wireless networks in airports and other public places 
 Set up a Bluetooth home entertainment system-no cables! 
 Distribute digital photos as you take them 
 Take hands-free devices to a new level 
 Share data without any cables 

Learn What Bluetooth Is and How It Works ... 
... Who Developed It, and Why ... 
... How It's Being Applied Right Now ... 
... And What Could Be Just Around the Corner. 
Prepare for the Next Technological Revolution-Get Smart about Bluetooth Today!
Workload Characterization for Storage Modeling. (1991)

Monitoring of the PVPG is clinically meaningful for predicting patients' prognosis. In particular, a high PVPG with a threshold of 5 mm Hg at the end of adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation may increase gut-related bacteremia through the mechanism of bacterial translocation, resulting in early mortality.
Sodium transport antagonism reduces thrombotic microangiopathy in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (2004)

We examined whether amiloride, an agent that possesses epithelial sodium channel (ENaC)- and sodium/hydrogen exchange (NHE)-inhibitory activities, would exhibit renal vascular protection in saline-drinking, stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). SHRSP received amiloride (1.0 mg.kg(-1).day(-1), n = 6) or deionized water (3 mg.kg(-1).day(-1), n = 6) for 5 wk starting at 61 days of age. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) did not differ among the groups, and there was no difference in the average daily urine output, sodium excretion, or potassium excretion. Terminal urinary protein excretion, blood urea nitrogen, and renal thrombotic microangiopathic lesions were markedly reduced in the amiloride group with no difference in plasma renin activity (PRA). In a survival protocol, SHRSP infused subcutaneously with benzamil (0.7 mg.kg(-1).day(-1), n = 8), a selective ENaC inhibitor, dimethylamiloride (0.7 mg.kg(-1).day(-1), n = 8), a selective NHE inhibitor, or vehicle (n = 7) had comparable SBP. Dimethylamiloride nonetheless prolonged survival of SHRSP (P < 0.005 vs. vehicle), and benzamil-treated SHRSP lived even longer (P < 0.0001 vs. vehicle; P < 0.05 vs. dimethylamiloride). In a separate series, plasma potassium concentration was elevated by dimethylamiloride (3.4 +/- 0.1 meq/l, n = 8) and benzamil (3.3 +/- 0.1 meq/l, n = 8) relative to vehicle (3.0 +/- 0.1 meq/l, n = 8) at 4 but not at 24 h after dosing. These findings suggest the involvement of a sodium transport mechanism in the development of thrombotic microangiopathy in SHRSP, unrelated to marked changes in arterial pressure, PRA, plasma potassium, or urinary water and electrolyte excretion.
Potassium fluoride catalyzed reactions between malononitrile and α, β-unsaturated ketones (1970)

The preparation and structure elucidation of the condensation products between malononitrile and a variety of α,β-unsaturated ketones using potassium fluoride as catalyst is described. If the carbonyl group of the α,β-unsaturated ketone is hindered, then Michael addition occurs. If, however, the carbonyl group is unencumbered, a Knoevenagel reaction appears to occur first which, in many cases, is then followed by conjugate addition and intramolecular condensation to yield compounds of unusual structure.
Effect of Frequency on Dielectric Barrier Discharge Parameters (2010)

To better apply dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) to practical industrial use,an equipment for generating DBD and a corresponding measurement system were developed.Influences of frequency on the discharge parameters of DBD were studied and the experimental results were analyzed according to gas discharge theory.Results show that the discharge duration Δt and equivalent capacitances of gas gap Cg decrease non-linearly with the increase of applied voltage frequency;the transported charge in a single cycle of applied voltagee ΔQ,equivalent capacitance of dielectric Cd,discharge power P,the magnitude of discharge current If and the magnitude of capacitive discharge current Ir increase non-linearly with the increase of applied voltage frequency.
ChemInform Abstract: THE REACTION OF BORON TRIHALIDES WITH TRIMETHYLSTANNYLTRIFLUOROMETHANE IN THE PRESENCE OF TRIMETHYLAMINE (1985)

Abstract Die Reaktionen von Trifluormethyl‐trimethylzinn (I) mit den Bortrihalogeniden (II) in Gegenwart von Trimethylamin (III) werden untersucht.
Van volkskunde naar ethnologie: niet meer zoals vroeger, maar hoe dan wel? (2001)

De nieuwe marsrichting die de heropbloeiende Nederlandse volkskundealias etnologie wil inslaan is niet zo duidelijk en lijkt ook de beoefenaren zelf voor verscheurende keuzes te plaatsen.