gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MULTIDISCIPLINARY DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF GAS TURBINE ENGINE LOW PRESSURE TURBINE AT PRELIMINARY DESIGN STAGE (2014)

The gas turbine engine has evolved rapidly during past decades to provide a reliable and efficient business solution for global transportation. The engine design process is clearly a large contributor to this evolution. This process is highly iterative, multidisciplinary and complex in nature. The success of an engine depends on a carefully balanced design that best exploits the interactions between numerous traditional engineering disciplines such as aerodynamics and structures as well as lifecycle analysis of cost, manufacturability, serviceability and supportability. To take into account all of these disciplines and optimization should be used. Currently most of present state-of-art numerical modelling methods, which are used mainly at detailed design stage, are unsuitable for this task due to very high computational time. The solution to this problem can be found in multidisciplinary design and optimization at preliminary design stage with use of simple 1-2D models. This paper presents current aero engine design process and indicates possibilities of future improvements by utilization of proposed methodology, which take into account aerodynamic, thermodynamic and structures (blade, fixing and disc) calculations, connected in one multidisciplinary model, which is suited for optimization. All disciplinary models are presented and described in this paper as well as connection between them, with study over design variable, goal function and constrains that should be used. Moreover, a strategy of optimization is proposed as well as methods for acceleration of optimization process by use of surrogate. The presentation of methodology is followed by example optimization of low-pressure aero engine turbine.
Large-scale fabrication of single-phase Er2SiO5 nanocrystal aggregates using Si nanowires (2006)

Single-phase Er2SiO5 nanocrystal aggregates were produced on a large scale using Si nanowire (Si-NW) arrays as templates. A dense array of Si-NWs was grown by vapor-liquid-solid mechanism using Au catalyst on Si (111) substrate. Afterwards, ErCl3∙6H2O dissolved ethanol solution was spin coated and annealed first at 900°C for 4min in a flowing N2∕O2 environment and then at 1200°C in a flowing Ar environment for 3min. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and high-resolution transmission electron microscope measurements indicate that due to the use of Si-NWs, such a short annealing procedure is sufficient to completely transform the Er-coated Si-NWs into a thick, large-area aggregate of pure, single-phase to Er2SiO5 oxyorthosilicate nanocrystals. The crystalline nature of Er2SiO5 film and the loose nature of the aggregate result in an atomlike Er3+ spectrum with a very narrow luminescence linewidth at 1.53μm, which together with a complete lack of temperature quenching of Er3+ luminescence and a high Er concentration indicate a viability of this method to fabricate efficient, high-gain Si-based optical material for Si photonics.
Rosaceiform eruption induced by erlotinib (2008)

Adverse events with anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy mainly involve the skin. The most common cutaneous adverse event is an acneiform eruption, which occurs in more than 50% of cases. The aim of this paper is to report the case of rosaceiform eruption induced by erlotinib in an 81-year-old-man and to discuss the pathogenetic role of Demodex folliculorum mites, found in the present patient, using skin scraping.
Charge-Density Patching Method for Unconventional Semiconductor Binary Systems (2002)

A motif based charge patching method is presented for large system electronic structure calculations. It produces ab initio quality charge densities for large systems without actually doing self-consistent calculations for them. It represents a general faster alternative to the conventional O(N) methods. This method is applied here to unconventional semiconductor binary systems, and the resulting eigenenergies are found to be almost the same as the original ab initio eigenenergies (with 20-50 meV errors).
Dual modulation of 5-fluorouracil using leucovorin and hydroxyurea. A phase I trial (1991)

Oral hydroxyurea (HU) was added to a regimen of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) plus leucovorin (LCV) administered as a continuous 24-hour infusion for 14 days. A previous report of the 5-FU plus LCV infusion established optimal dosages of 200 mg/m2/d and 5 mg/m2/d, respectively, for each agent. Oral HU was added to the regimen in total dosages of 0.5 g/d, 1.0 g/d, 1.5 g/d, or 2.0 g/d. Twenty-two patients received a total of 45 courses of treatment. Stomatitis was the dose-limiting side effect; it occurred in 3 of 14 courses with HU at 0.5 g/d (21%) and 9 of 17 courses with HU at 1.0 g/d (53%). Dosage escalation to 1.5 g/d or 2.0 g/d was possible in only 3 of 22 patients (17%). The median time to stomatitis was 10 days (range, 7 to 12 days). One response was observed in this heavily pretreated population. Phase II trials of HU plus LCV dual modulation of infusional 5-FU should use initial HU dosages of 0.5 g/d for the 14-day regimen described, with dose escalation as tolerated. Variable oral absorption presumably accounts for the small group of patients who can tolerate the higher doses of HU.
Experimental study on soil evaporation in winter wheat field under sprinkling irrigation condition (2005)

The micro lysimeters were employed to determine the process of soil evaporation of winter wheat at its growth stages under sprinkling irrigation condition. Ratios of soil evaporation to evapotranspiration at each growing stage of winter wheat were investigated in the wheat field with different water treatments. The effects of soil moisture and leaf index on the ratio of soil evaporation to evapotranspiration, and the changes of soil evaporation after irrigation were also analyzed. With the analysis of the experiment process and the observation data, the characteristics of soil evaporation were pointed out accordingly; the results also show some merits in making the sprinkle irrigation norm.
Study of Oxygen−Nitrogen Replacement in BaTiO<sub>3</sub> by <sup>14</sup>N Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2005)

We here report about oxygen−nitrogen substitution in the anionic sublattice of BaTiO3 by calcination in a NH3 flow at 950 °C. The resulting oxynitride BaTi(O,N)3 is shown to possess cubic structure by powder XRD and to contain 0.57 mass percent of nitrogen by hot gas extraction analysis. Solid-state 14N-NMR is used to characterize the electronic surroundings of the N3- anions in the oxynitride. Analysis of 14N-NMR line shapes as well as comparison of line positions to those of TiN and BaTaO2N implies that the incorporated nitrogen anions do indeed occupy the oxygen sites in the BaTi(O,N)3 lattice. The study illustrates the usefulness of solid-state NMR as a method for tracking ion substitution in highly symmetric environments, such as perovskite-structured oxynitrides, because of its high sensitivity to symmetry changes in the local electronic surroundings of nuclei.
Influence of domain size and grid structure on the response characteristics of a hurricane storm surge model (2016)

Abstract : Formulation of a numerical storm surge model directly affects the physical content of the predicted storm surge response. The influence of domain size and grid structure on computations of storm surge generation in the coastal region are studied. Storm surge response along the Florida shelf in the Gulf of Mexico due to Hurricane Kate is examined over three domains using two different open ocean boundary forcing functions. The computed storm surge response indicates that a small domain situated primarily on the continental shelf is inadequate since cross shelf boundaries are in regions of significant storm surge generation where surge and therefore boundary conditions are not known a priori. A second domain including the entire Gulf of Mexico basin captures the primary storm surge well but may not correctly model resonant modes. The dependence of these modes on interactions with contiguous basins makes accurate setup by the boundary condition specification difficult. The primary storm surge response as well as resonant modes excited by the storm are best represented using the largest domain, which encompasses the western North Atlantic ocean, the Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico. This domain with deep Atlantic ocean boundaries facilitates simple boundary condition specification and minimizes the influence of boundary conditions on storm surge generation in the coastal region. Basin resonant modes and basin interactions are also captured.
Medical Provider Specialty Predictions for the Detection of Anomalous Medicare Insurance Claims (2017)

Fraud, waste, and abuse in medical insurance contributes to significant increases in costs for providers and patients. One way to reduce costs is through the detection of abnormal medical practices that could indicate possible fraud. In this paper, we expand upon our previous research into medical specialty anomaly detection by validating the efficacy of our model using real-world fraud cases, and then testing three strategies to improve model performance. The three strategies are feature selection (to include adjusting for class imbalance), medical specialty grouping, and the removal of specific, overlapping specialties. We use the publicly available Medicare claims data, released by the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services, for building and testing our models. In addition to using the 2013 data, we use the 2014 data for model validation and comparisons. We employ the List of Excluded Individuals and Entities (LEIE) database, released by the Office of Inspector General, as well as two other documented fraud cases, for model testing. Multinomial Naïve Bayes is used to build all models. In this work, we confirm our prior model was able to correctly classify 67% of the real-world fraudulent physicians contained in the LEIE database as fraudulent. Furthermore, the three proposed strategies show good results in improving model performance.
Dimensions of Educational Leadership: Cultural, Ethical, and Moral (2018)

Given the current state of affairs in the school districts of America, almost any observer could proclaim that a change in policy and leadership is urgently needed. The national pundits and politicians continue to blame the usual suspects: entrenched school cultures, teacher unions, shortened school years, and administrative bloat, to name a few. National educational leadership organizations (NCPEA, UCEA, and AASA) are hard at work defining a Knowledge Base (KB) for the training of educational leaders of the future. While this author certainly applauds the efforts of these professional organizations, there are some things that university professors can do within leader preparation programs across America. As will be discussed in this article, universities can begin to prepare new and current leaders in the key dimensions of leadership. Training in administration science, e.g. finance, law, human resources, facilities management, and technology are necessary and should be required. However, the key leadership dimensions of ethical, moral and cultural leadership are and remain, critical to the success of the school leader and the organization.
Learn-filter-apply-forget. Mixed approaches to named entity recognition (2001)

We have explored and implemented different approaches to named entity recognition in German, a difficult task in this language since both regular nouns and proper names are capitalized. Our goal is to identify and recognise per- \nson names, geographical names and company names in a computer magazine corpus. Our geographical name classifier works with precompiled lists but our company name classifier learns the names from the corpus. For the recognition of \nperson names we work with a precompiled list of first names and the program learns the last names. For this classifier we suggest setting an activation value for the last name and subsequently depriming the value until “forgetting” the name. Our evaluation results show that our mixed approaches are as good as the recall and precision values reported for English. It is shown that a carefully tuned cascade of \nname classifiers can even distinguish between different interpretations of a name token within the same document.
Smallpox: Clinical and Epidemiologic Features (1999)

Clinical and Epidemiologic Characteristics of Smallpox Smallpox is a viral disease unique to humans. To sustain itself, the virus must pass from person to person in a continuing chain of infection and is spread by inhalation of air droplets or aerosols. Twelve to 14 days after infection, the patient typically becomes febrile and has severe aching pains and prostration. Some 2 to 3 days later, a papular rash develops over the face and spreads to the extremities (Figure 1). The rash soon becomes vesicular and later, pustular (Figure 2). The patient remains febrile throughout the evolution of the rash and customarily experiences considerable pain as the pustules grow and expand. Gradually, scabs form, which eventually separate, leaving pitted scars. Death usually occurs during the second week. The disease most commonly confused with smallpox is chickenpox, and during the first 2 to 3 days of rash, it may be all but impossible to distinguish between the two. However, all smallpox lesions develop at the same pace and, on any part of the body, appear identical. Chickenpox lesions are much more superficial and develop in crops. With chickenpox, scabs, vesicles, and pustules may be seen simultaneously on adjacent areas of skin. Moreover, the rash in chickenpox is more dense over the trunk (the reverse of smallpox), and chickenpox lesions are almost never found on the palms or soles. In 5% to 10% of smallpox patients, more rapidly progressive, malignant disease develops, which is almost always fatal within 5 to 7 days. In such patients, the lesions are so densely confluent that the skin looks like crepe rubber; Smallpox: Clinical and Epidemiologic Features
RHYTHMS OF SERUM MELATONIN IN PATIENTS WITH SPINAL LESIONS AT THE CERVICAL, THORACIC OR LUMBAR REGION (1989)

The neural pathway essential for the diurnal rhythm of serum melatonin was studied in humans. Blood samples from 17 patients with chronic lesions of cervical (n = 8), low thoracic or lumbar (n = 9) spinal cord were collected at 0200, 0400, 1000 and 1400 h of their normal light-dark cycle. Blood samples were also collected from eight control subjects at 0200 and 1400 h. No special treatment of food, drug or photoperiod was implemented. Serum melatonin was extracted by dichloromethane and determined by radioimmunoassay. In patients with cervical spinal lesions (C3-C7), it was found that serum melatonin levels were low and no diurnal rhythm was observed. Conversely, diurnal rhythm of circulating melatonin with significantly higher levels (P less than 0.01) in the dark period were observed in individuals with injuries at the low thoracic or lumbar regions (T9-L2). In the second experiment, blood samples from two other patients were collected for three consecutive days during acute period of spinal injuries (cervical or upper thoracic region) and serum melatonin concentrations were determined. Again, there were low levels of serum melatonin with no observable diurnal rhythm in the patient with cervical lesion (C4-5). However, diurnal rhythms were maintained with high levels in the dark period in the patient with upper thoracic spinal (T2-3) transection. Our data suggest that the cervical region of the spinal cord is part of the neural pathway essential for the diurnal rhythm of pineal melatonin secretion in human beings.
Identification of the angiogenic gene signature induced by EGF and hypoxia in colorectal cancer (2013)

These findings suggest that although EGFR phosphorylation activates the MAP kinase signalling and promotes HIF stabilisation in CRC, this alone is not sufficient to induce angiogenic gene expression. In contrast, HIF activation downstream of hypoxia/DMOG drives expression of genes such as ANGPTL4, EFNA3, TGFβ1 and VEGF. Finally, HIF activation synergises with EGF-mediated signalling to additionally induce a unique sub-group of candidate angiogenic genes. Our data highlight the complex interrelationship between tumour hypoxia, EGF and angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of CRC.
Extraction and Content Determination of Rhynchophylline from RAMULUS UNCARIAE CUM UNCIS (2011)

[Objective] To study on the extraction and content determination of rhynchophylline from RAMULUS UNCARIAE CUM UNCIS.[Method] Extraction method of traditional alkaloids was adopted.And modern analysis method of HPLC was used to determine the content of rhynchophylline.Rhynchophylline content in RAMULUS UNCARIAE CUM UNCIS was calculated.[Result] Specialization investigation showed that the retention time of rhynchophylline was about 18.843 min,and that of isorhynchophylline was 22.323 min.The two peaks showed good resolution;and other components in RAMULUS UNCARIAE CUM UNCIS did not interfere with the assay.Results of content determination showed that the contents of rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline were 23.23 and 129.17 μg/g,respectively.The average recovery rates of added recovery test were 99.12% and 101.33%,with RSD values being 1.84% and 1.56%,respectively.[Conclusion] This method was stable,effective,accurate,and could be used for the content determination of rhynchophylline in RAMULUS UNCARIAE CUM UNCIS.
Efficient Beam Sweeping Paging in Millimeter Wave 5G Networks (2018)

In the next generation (5G) new radio (NR) systems, beamforming is an enabling technology for millimeter wave communications which require beam sweeping for transmission. When user equipment (UE) uses discontinuous reception (DRX) to save power, the UE may be informed of incoming services or updating system information through a paging procedure. A next generation NodeB (gNB) transmits the same paging message on multiple beams in discrete time slots to notify the target UE. As the paging is transmitted through beam sweeping, paging transmission occupies multiple time slots and the resources in paging occasion. Additionally, increasing number of time slots make the UE wake up longer to monitor the paging occasion, and this directly increases the power consumption of the UE. In this paper, we propose an efficient beam sweeping paging mechanism taking beam sweeping overhead and UE power consumption into consideration. Mathematical analysis and simulation experiments show that the proposed mechanism enhances the performance of power saving while reducing the overhead of paging sweeping beams.
A predistorter design for a memory-less nonlinearity preceded by a dynamic linear system (2002)

We propose a data predistorter design scheme for a memory-less nonlinearity which is preceded by a linear system with memory. This system configuration is often found in telecommunications. The predistorter technique is useful since the compensation of the nonlinearity of high-power amplifiers allows the efficient use of the power resource and bandwidth, while maintaining the prescribed signal spectral distribution. We use either a modified indirect learning architecture or a stochastic gradient method for training the predistorters. As a predistorter structure, we use a Volterra series model or a time-delayed neural network. We apply our approach to the compensation of various nonlinear systems including TWT-type nonlinearities. The results show that our approach is very effective in compensating the memory-less nonlinearity preceded by a linear system with memory. We show the results for nonlinear systems with a TWT-type nonlinearity.
High speed III-V electrooptic waveguide modulators at lambda -1.3 mu m (1988)

Traveling wave GaAs electrooptic waveguide modulators at a wavelength of 1.3 mu m with bandwidth in excess of 20 GHz have been developed and characterized. The design and characteristics of both p-i-n modulators in microstrip configuration and Schottky barrier on n/sup -/-GaAs/semi-insulating (SI) GaAs in the coplanar strip configuration modulators are discussed. It is shown that microwave loss and slowing on n/sup +/ GaAs substrates will limit the bandwidth of the microstrip modulator to less than 10 GHz for a device 8 mm in length. Modulators with bandwidths in excess of 10 GHz are fabricated on SI GaAs substrates.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Why we need statistical static timing analysis (2007)

As technology continues to advance deeper into the nanometer regime, a tight control on the process parameters is increasingly difficult. As a consequence, variability has turned out to be a dominant factor in the design of complex ICs. Traditional static timing analysis (STA) is becoming insufficient to accurately evaluate the process variation impact on the design performance considering the increasing number of process, power supply voltage, and temperature (PVT) corners. In contrast, statistical static timing analysis (SSTA) is a promising innovative technique to handle increasingly larger environmental and process fluctuations, especially on-chip parameter variations. However, the statistical approach needs a set of costly additional data such as an accurate process variation description, and a statistical standard cell library characterization. In this paper, STA and SSTA are applied on a real industrial design to compare the two techniques, in terms of both accuracy and cost. From our analysis, we have concluded that the potential advantages offered by SSTA exceed the additional library characterization cost and process data assembly effort.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of α‐Galactosyl Epitopes with a Recombinant α(1→3)‐Galactosyltransferase. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Secondary processing in biscuit manufacturing : chocolate enrobing, moulding, sandwich creaming, icing, application of jam, marshmallow, caramel, troubleshooting tips (1998)

Background to the biscuit industry Hygiene and safety aspects Problem solving Chocolate and chocolate flavoured coatings Cream sandwiching Icing of biscuits Application of jam, jellies, marsh mallow and caramel Care, cleaning and maintenance.
Robust Estimation of Dispersion Matrices and Principal Components (1981)

Abstract This paper uses Monte Carlo methods to compare the performances of several robust procedures for estimating a correlation matrix and its principal components. The estimators are formed either from separate bivariate analyses or by simultaneous manipulation of all variables by using techniques such as multivariate trimming and M-estimation. The M-estimators stand up exceptionally well. They and the multivariate trimming procedure are especially effective at estimating the principal components, including a near singularity. However, the M-estimators can break down relatively easily when the dimensionality is large and the outliers are asymmetric. With missing data, the element-wise approach becomes more attractive.