gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Zinc to Aluminium Molar Ratio on the Physico-Chemical Properties of Zinc-Aluminium-3,4-Dichlorophenoxy Acetate Nanocomposite (2013)

Layered double hydroxide (LDH) hybrid materials of Zn-Al-layered double hydroxide-3,4-dichlorophenoxy acetate acidnanocomposites (ZADs) were prepared by direct self-assembly method. The pH of the solution was adjusted to 7.5 using 2M NaOH. Various Zn2+ to Al3+ molar ratios, R ranging from 1 to 6 were used with a fixed concentration of 3,4-D at 0.3 M. The Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns showed the formation of well-ordered nanocomposite with the expansion of basal spacing from 8.9 Å in the Zinc-Aluminium-Layered Double Hydroxide (ZAL) to 18.7 - 22.1 Å in the resulting nanocomposites. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)spectra for the nanocomposites showed features for both ZAL and ZAD, showing the successful intercalation of the organic moiety into the LDH interlayer. The percentage loading of 3,4-dichlorophenoxy acetati acid(3,4-D) in LDH was found to be increased from 34.7-48.1 % (w/w), as the mole fraction of Al decreased from 0.44-0.15. This study shows that the mole fraction of zinc ion was replaced by aluminium ion in the LDH plays an important role in controlling the physic-chemical properties of the resulting material.
Low-cost associative memory (1972)

The authors describe the design of two high-density MOS associative memory cells. The first cell is suitable for data management applications, having three internal states including the DON'T CARE (mask) condition. The second cell is suitable for parallel processing applications and has the capability of selected bit writing. Both cells consume about 20 mil/SUP 2/ of silicon area, which allows the implementation of 512 bits on a chip. Varactor bootstrapping is used to enhance the storage node voltage for improved cell operation. The use of a compatible bipolar transistor is discussed.
Purge dynamics of fuel cells (1970)

Abstract An anisotropic porous media model has been suggested for fluid motion in fuel cell cavities and has been shown to be valid experimentally with an actual fuel cell plate. Analytical solutions for pressure, velocity, and stream function have been obtained for finite and for point sources and sinks in rectangular cavities. Constant purge time curves have been constructed.
An optimal control approach to malware filtering (2007)

We study and develop an optimal control theoretic approach to malware filtering in the context of network security. We investigate the malware filtering problem by capturing the tradeoff between increased security on one hand and continued usability of the network on the other. We analyze the problem using a linear control system model with a quadratic cost structure and develop algorithms based on H <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sup> -optimal control theory. A dynamic feedback filter is derived and shown to be an improvement over various heuristic approaches to malware filtering via numerical analysis. The results obtained are verified and demonstrated with packet level simulations on the Ns-2 network simulator.
Determinants of VLDL-triglycerides production (2012)

Purpose of review Plasma free fatty acids (FFA) are major substrates for hepatic VLDL-triglycerides (VLDL-TG) production. In addition, it is a common belief that VLDL-TG production is a substrate driven process primarily determined by systemic FFA delivery. This review summarizes recent research of our understanding of the regulation of VLDL-TG production. Recent findings Recent studies have shown that increasing FFA flux is not inevitably associated with increased VLDL-TG production. Exercise induced increase in FFA flux resulting in unchanged VLDL-TG production in lean patients as well as in obese patients with increased hepatic fat despite exercise reduced hepatic fat content. With respect to the other inseparable conditions of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, recent studies demonstrate that increased hepatic VLDL-TG production precedes the insulin resistance-associated impairment of the regulation of hepatic glucose production, whereas isolated chronic hyperinsulinemia (insulinoma) was not associated with increased VLDL-TG production. Insulin has been shown to have acute potent temporary suppressing effect on VLDL-TG production and new data demonstrates that increased glucagon reduces VLDL-TG production. Finally, recent studies indicate that sex hormones, oestrogen and testosterone, have no or very modest impact on VLDL-TG production. Summary Regulation of hepatic VLDL-TG production involves interplay between systemic FFA delivery, hormonal, and nutritional factors that act in concert with hepatic fatty acid handling to regulate short-term and long-term VLDL-TG production. The results of recent studies underscore that our current understanding of these relationships is complex and needs further research.
Statin‐Associated Underactive Bladder (2013)

The findings of this case support the potential risk of permanent bladder smooth muscle damage due to statin that may lead to underactive bladder and urinary retention.
Lymph node-derived donor encephalitogenic CD4+T cells in C57BL/6 mice adoptive transfer experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis highly express GM-CSF and T-bet (2011)

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a relevant animal model for the human demyelinating inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), multiple sclerosis (MS). Induction of EAE by adoptive transfer allows studying the role of the donor T lymphocyte in disease pathogenesis. It has been challenging to reliably induce adoptive transfer EAE in C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice. The goal of this study was to develop a reproducible and high yield protocol for adoptive transfer EAE in C57BL/6 mice. A step-wise experimental approach permitted us to develop a protocol that resulted in a consistent relatively high disease incidence of ~70% in recipient mice. Donor mice were immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)p35-55 in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) followed by pertussis toxin (PT). Only lymph node cells (LNC) isolated at day 12 post immunization, and restimulated in vitro for 72 hours with 10 μg/mL of MOGp35-55 and 0.5 ng/mL of interleukin-12 (IL-12) were able to transfer disease. The ability of LNC to transfer disease was associated with the presence of inflammatory infiltrates in the CNS at day 12. Interferon gamma (IFNγ) was produced at comparable levels in cell cultures prepared from mice at both day 6 and day 12 post immunization. By contrast, there was a trend towards a negative association between IL-17 and disease susceptibility in our EAE model. The amount of GM-CSF secreted was significantly increased in the culture supernatants from cells collected at day 12 post immunization versus those collected at day 6 post-immunization. Activated CD4+ T cells present in the day 12 LNC cultures maintained expression of the transcription factor T-bet, which has been shown to regulate the expression of the IL-23 receptor. Also, there was an increased prevalence of MOGp35-55-specific CD4+ T cells in day 12 LNC after in vitro re-stimulation. In summary, encephalitogenic LNC that adoptively transfer EAE in C57BL/6 mice were not characterized by a single biomarker in our study, but by a composite of inflammatory markers. Our data further suggest that GM-CSF expression by CD4+ T cells regulated by IL-23 contributes to their encephalitogenicity in our EAE model.
Position Development Conference (2003)

In a series of three published articles, the International Society for Clinical Densitometry has recorded the findings reached by an expert panel at the ISCD Position Development Conference held in July 2001. The key elements of those papers have been reviewed in this executive summary. It should be emphasized that the ISCD recommendations are not meant to serve as rigid guidelines or to replace clinical judgment. The recommendations will be reviewed and updated periodically as more data become available. A second Position Development Conference will be held in July 2003 in Cincinnati, OH. For information, visit the ISCD web site: http://www.iscd.org/.
Grout and glass performance in support of stabilization/solidification of ORNL tank sludges (1998)

Wastewater at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is collected, evaporated, and stored in the Melton Valley Storage Tanks (MVST) and Bethel Valley Evaporator Storage Tanks (BVEST) pending treatment for disposal. In addition, some sludges and supernatants also requiring treatment remain in two inactive tank systems: the gunite and associated tanks (GAAT) and the old hydrofracture (OHF) tank. The waste consists of two phases: sludge and supernatant. The sludges contain a high amount of radioactivity, and some are classified as TRU sludges. Some Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) metal concentrations are high enough to be defined as RCRA hazardous; therefore, these sludges are presumed to be mixed TRU waste. Grouting and vitrification are currently two likely stabilization/solidification alternatives for mixed wastes. Grouting has been used to stabilize/solidify hazardous and low-level radioactive waste for decades. Vitrification has been developed as a high-level radioactive alternative for decades and has been under development recently as an alternative disposal technology for mixed waste. The objective of this project is to define an envelope, or operating window, for grout and glass formulations for ORNL tank sludges. Formulations will be defined for the average composition of each of the major tank farms (BVEST/MVST, GAAT, and OHF) and for an overall average composition of all tank farms. This objective is to be accomplished using surrogates of the tank sludges with hot testing of actual tank sludges to check the efficacy of the surrogates.
A residence time distribution study using a CSTR in the CANMET hydrocracking process for light Arabian vacuum bottoms (1983)

The residence time distribution of metals during the CANMET hydrocracking process was studied by the Danckwerts F-function technique using a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). Based on the assumption that metals were uniformly distributed in the liquid phase, the observed mean residence time was more than three times the superficial liquid space time used. A model was developed to explain the results. It revealed that the mean residence time of the liquid and/or solid is a function of the voidage and the product vaporization, with the latter having the greatest effect. . The experiment indicated that increasing both concentration and iron loading of the CANMET additive suppressed the formation of asphaltene, toluene insolubles and Conradson carbon residue. Results were qualitatively explained by a simple catalytic reaction model.
Continuous regeneration of ATP in enzyme membrane reactor for enzymatic syntheses (1988)

This work shows that the enzyme membrane reactor offers the opportunity to carry out the enzymatic regeneration of ATP providing continuous operation with high performance. In this system, the coenzyme is immobilized on a water-soluble polymer. These high-molecular weight derivates are entrapped within an ultrafiltration membrane together with the enzymes for production of regeneration. Several polymer derivatives of ATP have been prepared for this immobilization technique. Coenzymatic activity of these derivatives was studied with several enzymes for both ATP-requiring and ATP-regenerating reactions. PEG-N6-aminohexyl-ATP was selected as the appropriate coenzyme for operating the enzyme membrane reactor. Acetate kinase was the only enzyme providing enough activity for regeneration. Production of glucose-6-phosphate is cited as the first example. The kinetics of acetate kinase and hexokinase were examined and used to choose the operating conditions of the process. The process operated continuously for more than 1 month. With a mean conversion of 80%, the space-time yield amounted to 348 g glucose-6-phosphate/L d. The cycle number of ATP was estimated as 20, 000 mol/mol. With the continuous production of gamma-glutamylcysteine and NADP, the feasibility of the system was proven.
Heterocyclic polyfluoro-compounds. Part 33. Competing 1,2- and 1,4-photochemical addition of hexafluorobiacetyl to 1,2-difluoroethylene (1980)

Photochemical addition of hexafluorobiacetyl (λ > 300 nm) to either cis- or trans-1,2-difluoroethylene yields mainly cis-2,3-difluoro-5,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-p-dioxin (53–57%), and the corresponding trans-dioxin (12%) by 1,4-addition, together with r-2-trifluoromethyl-2-trifluoroacetyl-t-3,t-4-difluoro-oxetan (7–8%) and the corresponding t-3,c-4-(7–8%) and c-3,t-4-oxetans (6–7%) by 1,2-addition.The cis-dioxin yields both cis- and trans-1,2-difluoroethylene upon pyrolysis, and with aluminium trichlorode undergoes isomerisation to the trans-dioxin, and non-stereospecific exchange of one or both ring fluorines by chlorine atoms.
Quelques acquisitions scientifiques recensées de l'hydraulique (1932)

International audience
A unique cell-surface protein phenotype distinguishes human small-cell from non-small-cell lung cancer. (1982)

We have used radioiodination (125I) and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to determine that small- (oat) cell lung carcinoma (SCC)--a tumor with neuroendocrine features--possesses a surface protein pattern distinct from the other types of lung cancer cells (squamous, adeno-, and large-cell undifferentiated carcinoma). Twelve distinguishing proteins, 40 to 70 kilodaltons (kDal), characterized four separate lines of SCC; three of these, designated E (60 kDal; pI = 7.3), S (30 kDal; pI = 6.0), and U (57 kDal; pI = 5.6), may be unique SCC gene products and were identified only in [35S]methionine labeling of SCC and not in non-SCC or human fibroblasts. Two lines of adeno-, one of squamous, and one of undifferentiated large-cell lung carcinoma exhibited similar surface protein patterns to one another. Nine distinguishing proteins (40 to 100 kDal) and at least five large proteins (greater than 100 kDal) were unique to these lines. The surface protein phenotypes for SCC and non-SCC were distinct from those for human lymphoblastoid cells and fibroblasts. However, the neuroendocrine features of SCC were further substantiated because 6 of the 12 distinguishing SCC surface proteins, including E and U, were identified on human neuroblastoma cells. The proteins identified should (i) help define differentiation steps for normal and neoplastic bronchial epithelial cells, (ii) prove useful in better classifying lung cancers, and (iii) be instrumental in tracing formation of neuroendocrine cells.
On the Training of Mental Reasoning: Searching the Works of Literature (2002)

We build the formalism and design the training software for reasoning about mental states and actions of literature characters, initiated by asking questions in natural language. The students (general audience, as well as children with various mental disorders) are encouraged to inquiry about intentions and desires, knowledge and beliefs, pretending and deceiving of the literature characters. Works of literature are identified based on the patterns of mental interaction between the characters. The role of suggested system in training the decision-making skills is discussed.
Rapid and Reliable Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Detecting <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> (2013)

Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus, GBS) is the leading cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis and an important pathogen in elderly patients and those with underlying diseases. The diagnosis of GBS infections is primarily based on culture of GBS. Some clinical laboratories perform the Christie-Atkins-Munch-Peterson (CAMP) test for discrimination of GBS from other streptococci. Here, we developed a rapid GBS identification method, i.e., the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for detecting the cfb gene encoding the CAMP factor. This method detected at least 4 copies of the cfb gene in GBS under isothermal conditions with in a short time (65 °C, within 90 min). No inappropriate amplification of nucleotide by this method was observed when the chromosomal DNA of 17 streptococci and enterococci species, other than GBS, were used as templates. In this investigation, we successfully developed a LAMP method for rapid and highly sensitive detection of GBS, which provides a beneficial alternative to the conventional CAMP test.
Modeling and analysis of aliasing image spurs problem in digital-RF-converter-based IQ modulators (2013)

In this work, we present an analytical study of aliasing image spurs problem in digital-RF modulators. The inherent finite image rejection ratio of this types modulators is conceptually discussed. A pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) model of the converter is used in the theoretical discussion. Behavioral level simulation of the digital-RF converter model is included. Finite image rejection is a limiting issue in this architecture, and Digital-IF mixing is used to alleviate the problem which is also reviewed and simulated.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Alkylation of tert‐Butyl Glycinate Schiff Base with Chiral Quaternary Ammonium Salt under Micellar Conditions. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Allelic Origin of Protease-Sensitive and Protease-Resistant Prion Protein Isoforms in Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker Disease with the P102L Mutation (2012)

Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) disease is a dominantly inherited prion disease associated with point mutations in the Prion Protein gene. The most frequent mutation associated with GSS involves a proline-to-leucine substitution at residue 102 of the prion protein, and is characterized by marked variability at clinical, pathological and molecular levels. Previous investigations of GSS P102L have shown that disease-associated pathological prion protein, or PrP(Sc), consists of two main conformers, which under exogenous proteolysis generates a core fragment of 21 kDa and an internal fragment of 8 kDa. Both conformers are detected in subjects with spongiform degeneration, whereas only the 8 kDa fragment is recovered in cases lacking spongiosis. Several studies have reported an exclusive derivation of protease-resistant PrP(Sc) isoforms from the mutated allele; however, more recently, the propagation of protease-resistant wild-type PrP(Sc) has been described. Here we analyze the molecular and pathological phenotype of six GSS P102L cases characterized by the presence of 21 and 8 kDa PrP fragments and two subjects with only the 8 kDa PrP fragment. Using sensitive protein separation techniques and Western blots with antibodies differentially recognizing wild-type and mutant PrP we observed a range of PrP(Sc) allelic conformers, either resistant or sensitive to protease treatment in all investigated subjects. Additionally, tissue deposition of protease-sensitive wild-type PrP(Sc) molecules was seen by conventional PrP immunohistochemistry and paraffin-embedded tissue blot. Our findings enlarge the spectrum of conformational allelic PrP(Sc) quasispecies propagating in GSS P102L thus providing a molecular support to the spectrum of disease phenotypes, and, in addition, impact the diagnostic role of PrP immunohistochemistry in prion diseases.
[Somatostatin analogue in the treatment of neuroendocrine gut tumors]. (1990)

Somatostatin is a short-acting natural peptide secreted by specialized cells in the GI tract, the central and peripheral nervous systems, and a variety of other tissues. Its many actions include suppression of the secretion of GH, TSH, GI hormones, and inhibition of GI exocrine secretion. A long-acting analogue developed by Sandoz (Sandostatin, SMS 201-995) has been used to treat acromegaly and neuroendocrine tumors. We report our experience with it in carcinoid tumors (4 cases), glucagonomas (2), gastrinoma (1), VIPoma (1) and nonfunctioning islet cell tumor (1). It was given by continuous subcutaneous infusion, using a small portable pump, in doses ranging from 300 to 1500 mcg/day, without significant side-effects. 7 of the 9 patients had complete relief of symptoms, and tumoral hormone secretion decreased in 4 of the 5 in whom it was measurable, but there was no evidence of tumor regression. SMS 201-995 is useful for the symptomatic treatment of patients with neuroendocrine gut tumors.
Fundamental Problems (2010)

This textbook for advanced undergraduates and graduate students emphasizes algorithms for a range of strategies for locomotion, sensing, and reasoning. It concentrates on wheeled and legged mobile robots but discusses a variety of other propulsion systems. This edition includes advances in robotics and intelligent machines over the ten years prior to publication, including significant coverage of SLAM (simultaneous localization and mapping) and multi-robot systems. It includes additional mathematical background and an extensive list of sample problems. Various mathematical techniques that were assumed in the first edition are now briefly introduced in appendices at the end of the text to make the book more self-contained. Researchers as well as students in the field of mobile robotics will appreciate this comprehensive treatment of state-of-the-art methods and key technologies.
A low-complexity digital down-conversion and frequency correction scheme for burst-mode digital radio (2002)

Most digital down-conversion schemes either require a designated intermediate frequency (IF), resulting in low implementational complexity, or permit the use of arbitrary IFs however requiring the signal to be sampled at unnecessary high rates. In the present paper, a digital down-conversion scheme is presented allowing a larger degree of freedom in the choice of the IF at low implementational complexity. By incorporating an all feedforward digital frequency correction unit with low acquisition time, it is well suited for packet-oriented transmission schemes. The proposed structure is discussed in detail and its parameters are optimized for a digital burst-mode noncoherent 4FSK receiver.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Unique carotenoid lactoside, P457, in Symbiodinium sp. of dinoflagellate. (2012)

The dinoflagellates are a large group of unicellular alge in marine and fresh water. Some are an endosymbiont of marine animals. Photosynthetic dinoflagellates have peridinin, a light-harvesting carotenoid. In addition, a unique carotenoid, P457, was found from Amphinidium. The presence of P457 in Symbiodinium derived from marine animals has not been reported. We reconfirmed the molecular structure of P457, a neoxanthin-like carotenoid with an aldehyde group and a lactoside, from Symbiodinium sp. NBRC 104787 isolated from a sea anemone. In addition, we investigated the distribution of P457 and peridinin in various Symbiodinium and scleractinian coral species, and possible biosynthetic pathways of these carotenoids are proposed.
Reaktionen an Nucleinsäuretemplaten: mehr Methoden zur Übersetzung Oligonucleotid‐basierter Informationen in neue Funktionen (2013)

Abstract Die Programmierbarkeit der Oligonucleotid‐Erkennung bietet eine vielversprechende Plattform, um die Anordnung von Reaktanten zu steuern. Sowohl bei der Bandbreite chemischer Umwandlungen als auch beim funktionalen Ergebnis der Reaktion wurden kürzlich erhebliche Fortschritte erzielt. Hier fassen wir diese jüngsten Fortschritte zusammen und erläutern ihre Anwendungen, z. B. die Übersetzung von Oligonucleotid‐Informationen in Funktionsmaterialien und neuartige Architekturen (leitende Polymere, Nanomuster, neuartige Oligonucleotid‐Kreuzungen) oder – mithilfe zellulärer RNA – in fluoreszierende oder bioaktive Moleküle; zur Untersuchung von Sekundärstrukturen oder Oligonucleinsäuren; sowie in ein synthetisches Oligomer.