gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Management of the Elderly Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2013)

The aging U.S. population will approach 20% of the total population by 2030. The number of older patients with inflammatory bowel disease is anticipated to increase accordingly bringing the burden of multiple comorbidities, polypharmacy with drug interactions, the aging immune system, and extended social and financial issues to overall management of an already challenging management of these patients. Each of these concerns is measured by the metric of distinguishing the "fit versus frail" elderly and will be discussed in this review with an emphasis on a practical guide to therapy.
111. p-Aminodimethylaniline. Part I. The properties of its diazonium compounds (1941)

E. E. Ayling, J. H. Gorvin and L. E. Hinkel, J. Chem. Soc., 1941, 613 DOI: 10.1039/JR9410000613
Reflectance Microspectroscopy of Natural Rock Samples in the Visible and near Infrared (2008)

We have collected reflectance spectra of various unprocessed rock samples in the 450-1,650 nm wavelength range with a spatial resolution of 60 and 120 microm (diameter) and using three illumination modes. Spectra taken in diffuse reflectance (dark field) mode are comparable to those obtained from macroscopic measurements and can provide the basis for mineral detection at that spatial scale. The spectral discrimination of the dark field mode is demonstrated to be consistent with the spatial resolution of the microscope for the samples examined. These results support the conclusion that reflectance microspectroscopy in the visible and near-infrared regions can be a valuable tool for understanding mineral formation at the spatial scale of tens of micrometers.
Directed Synthesis of the Trimeric Isoadenylate A2′p5′A2′p5′A (1979)

New impetus for virus therapy should come from the isolation of an isoadenylate with “unnatural” 2′‐5′ linkage from interferon‐treated cells. This effector molecule, the title compound, has now been synthesized on a gram scale from inexpensive adenosine.
Atypical Outer Retinal Fluid Accumulation in Choroidal Neovascularization: A Novel OCT Finding (2013)

Atypical intraretinal fluid accumulation externally to the ELM may be detected on SD-OCT in eyes with CNV. This finding may be transient and may not preclude subsequent improvement in visual function. The frequency of the presumed photoreceptor delamination and its full clinical significance remain to be defined.
Parallax, mass, orbit of the 9 PUP binary system . (1975)

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Physical Property and Ecological Evaluation of Fly Ash Cement Prepared from High Early Strength Cement and Fly Ash. (2002)

Fly ash cement prepared from high early strength cement (HPC) and fly ash (FA) was proposed and its ecological evaluation was performed. It has the following characteristics. Compared to ordinary portland cement (OPC), it has a shorter set time and has similar hardening characteristics to those of HPC. Its early strength up to age 7 days is higher. Its adiabatic temperature rise was about the same as that of OPC. Based on the ecological evaluation, the fly ash cement prepared from HPC and FA can reduce CO2 gas emission at its production by 20 mass% compared to OPC.
A Brief Etymology of the Collateral Circulation (2014)

It is well known that the protective capacity of the collateral circulation falls short in many individuals with ischemic disease of the heart, brain, and lower extremities. In the past 15 years, opportunities created by molecular and genetic tools, together with disappointing outcomes in many angiogenic trials, have led to a significant increase in the number of studies that focus on: understanding the basic biology of the collateral circulation; identifying the mechanisms that limit the collateral circulation's capacity in many individuals; devising methods to measure collateral extent, which has been found to vary widely among individuals; and developing treatments to increase collateral blood flow in obstructive disease. Unfortunately, accompanying this increase in reports has been a proliferation of vague terms used to describe the disposition and behavior of this unique circulation, as well as the increasing misuse of well-ensconced ones by new (and old) students of collateral circulation. With this in mind, we provide a brief glossary of readily understandable terms to denote the formation, adaptive growth, and maladaptive rarefaction of collateral circulation. We also propose terminology for several newly discovered processes that occur in the collateral circulation. Finally, we include terms used to describe vessels that are sometimes confused with collaterals, as well as terms describing processes active in the general arterial-venous circulation when ischemic conditions engage the collateral circulation. We hope this brief review will help unify the terminology used in collateral research.
Développement d'une méthode acoustique basse fréquence pour la caractérisation des milieux fortement absorbants : application à la caractérisation de la pâte à pain en cours de fermentation (2008)

Thèse de doctorat en Electronique, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis, 9 juillet
Phenolic-Containing Organic Extracts of Mulberry ( <i>Morus alba</i> L.) Leaves Inhibit HepG2 Hepatoma Cells Through G2/M Phase Arrest, Induction of Apoptosis, and Inhibition of Topoisomerase IIα Activity (2010)

The entire plant of Morus alba L. (Family Moraceae), or mulberry, possesses medical benefits, including anticancer properties. In this study, we investigated the effect of mulberry leaf extracts on the human hepatoma HepG2 cell line, which is related to hepatocellular carcinoma. Mulberry leaf extracts were prepared using four solvents, each with different polarities: 100% methanol (MeOH), 50% aqueous MeOH, 1-butanol (BuOH), and hot water (W). The phenolic profile, total polyphenol content, antioxidant capacity, and effect on human hepatoma HepG2 cells of the leaf extracts were analyzed by examining cytotoxicity, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, expression of topoisomerase IIα, and proteins involved in cell cycle progression. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that 100% MeOH, 50% MeOH, and BuOH extracts contained rutin, isoquercetin, and various derivatives of kaempferol and quercetin glycosides as their major constituents; the W extract contained primarily chlorogenic acid and caffeoylquinic acid derivatives. Total phenolic content based on rutin equivalents was 17.1%, 9.6%, 8.3%, and 6.5% of dry 100% MeOH, 50% MeOH, BuOH, and W extracts, respectively. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activities were 70.0%, 45.8%, 41.0%, and 33.6%, and 50% inhibitory concentration values were 33.1, 79.4, 35.6, and 204.2 μg/mL for HepG2 cell proliferation inhibition for 100% MeOH, 50% MeOH, BuOH, and W extracts, respectively. MeOH extracts caused cell cycle G2/M arrest and induced the caspase cascade and apoptosis, but the W extract had very little effect on cell cycle progression. MeOH extracts reduced the level of topoisomerase IIα but increased the level of p27Kip1, with no significant effect on p21Cip1/waf1. Therefore, we concluded that phenolic-containing organic extracts of mulberry leaves inhibit the growth of HepG2 hepatoma cells through coordinated actions of inducing cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase (with p27Kip1 protein expression), inhibiting topoisomerase IIα activity, and inducing cell apoptosis by activation of caspases.
Monitoring microstructure and phase transitions in thin films by high‐temperature resistivity measurements (2012)

We present first experimental results obtained with a newly patented high‐temperature resistivity measurement apparatus. This technique is of great interest for monitoring the behaviour of a surface layer submitted to high temperature, either during its processing or while the functional surface is used. The innovation resides in the combination of features that are available commercially or have previously been reported by research groups worldwide, but isolated. Resistivity measurements can be performed under vacuum or controlled atmosphere, from room temperature to 1250 °C, on samples as low as 10 × 10 mm 2 in size. Technical details about the apparatus are presented. Then, we show that high‐temperature resistivity measurements performed on a platinum sheet compare well with available data, and validate the prototype measurement head. Finally, we explore the monitoring of phase transitions occurring in an Al/Cu bilayer processed by metallorganic chemical vapour deposition, while a temperature ramp is applied. The high‐temperature resistivity plot is very well explained by the following sequence of phase formation: Al + Cu → θ‐Al 2 Cu + Cu + Al → δ‐Al 2 Cu 3 + γ‐Al 4 Cu 9 + Cu → δ‐Al 2 Cu 3 + γ‐Al 4 Cu 9 + Cu + α‐(Cu), as determined by high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fundamentals of Making a Sale (2014)

Author Affiliation: Clinical Associate Professor and Coordinator of DNP Program, School of Nursing, Indiana University, Indianapolis. The author reports no conflicts of interest. Correspondence: Julie A. Meek, PhD, RN, CNS, School of Nursing, Indiana University, 1111 Middle Dr, E429, Indianapolis, IN 46202 ([email protected]).
Tunneling in High Tc Superconducting Cuprates (2006)

Tunneling spectroscopy together with Josephson experiments give an interesting insight within the physics of High Temperature Superconductors. An incomplete gap is observed in the QP excitation spectrum, as if they were either states in the gap or nodes in some regions of the FS, like in an anisotropic superconductor. A zero bias conductance peak seen in the in-plane tunneling geometry, which can be explained as a surface induced Andreev bound state in a “ $$ d_{x^2 - y^2 } $$ ” superconductor. The Josephson coupling between conventional superconductors and HTSC materials is also compatible with this symmetry for the order parameter, provided the orthorhombicity is taken into account (small s component in YBCO).
Production host selection for asymmetric styrene epoxidation: <i>Escherichia coli</i> vs. solvent-tolerant <i>Pseudomonas</i> (2012)

Selection of the ideal microbe is crucial for whole-cell biotransformations, especially if the target reaction intensively interacts with host cell functions. Asymmetric styrene epoxidation is an example of a reaction which is strongly dependent on the host cell owing to its requirement for efficient cofactor regeneration and stable expression of the styrene monooxygenase genes styAB. On the other hand, styrene epoxidation affects the whole-cell biocatalyst, because it involves toxic substrate and products besides the burden of additional (recombinant) enzyme synthesis. With the aim to compare two fundamentally different strain engineering strategies, asymmetric styrene epoxidation by StyAB was investigated using the engineered wild-type strain Pseudomonas sp. strain VLB120ΔC, a styrene oxide isomerase (StyC) knockout strain able to accumulate (S)-styrene oxide, and recombinant E. coli JM101 carrying styAB on the plasmid pSPZ10. Their performance was analyzed during fed-batch cultivation in two-liquid phase biotransformations with respect to specific activity, volumetric productivity, product titer, tolerance of toxic substrate and products, by-product formation, and product yield on glucose. Thereby, Pseudomonas sp. strain VLB120ΔC proved its great potential by tolerating high styrene oxide concentrations and by the absence of by-product formation. The E. coli-based catalyst, however, showed higher specific activities and better yields on glucose. The results not only show the importance but also the complexity of host cell selection and engineering. Finding the optimal strain engineering strategy requires profound understanding of bioprocess and biocatalyst operation. In this respect, a possible negative influence of solvent tolerance on yield and activity is discussed.
Quantitative analysis of amyloid polymorphism using height histograms to correct for tip convolution effects in atomic force microscopy imaging (2016)

Development of a statistical height analysis method to study amyloid polymorphism.
Hemodynamic Effects of Endobronchial Application of Ornipressin versus Terlipressin (2004)

In contrast to ornipressin, administration of terlipressin is associated with significant changes in heart rate and blood pressure. However, these changes are of minor clinical importance, and terlipressin can be safely given for bronchoscopy-associated bleeding.
Structure detection of nonlinear dynamic systems using bootstrap methods [and biomedical application] (2002)

Identification of NARMAX models involves estimating unknown parameters and detecting its underlying structure, which entails selecting a set of parameters to give a parsimonious description of the system. In the present study a bootstrap based structure detection algorithm is investigated. The bootstrap method is a numerical procedure for estimating parameter statistics that requires few assumptions. Its use for structure detection maintains the simplicity of routines developed for linear regression estimators but requires a less restrictive set of assumptions. The performance of this bootstrap structure detection technique was evaluated by using it to estimate the structure of a simple NARMAX model and comparing the results to those with the t-test and stepwise regression. Applicability of the method to more complex systems such as ones encountered in biomedical applications, was shown by identifying a parsimonious system description of the ankle model. Moreover, we showed that the bootstrap method yields parameter statistics that are closer to optimal than using traditional methods. The proposed method is simple to use and is robust in the presence of noise.
Theory of intracavity atom-field interactions with squeezed inputs (1990)

We give a general theory of the interaction of a large number of two-level atoms in an optical cavity driven by a broadband squeezed input of finite amplitude. No adiabatic elimination of atoms or field is made, and atomic and cavity loss and dispersion are fully incorporated in the theory. We calculate the optical and squeezing spectra that may be observed in transmission and reflection from the cavity; the latter exhibits a novel interference structure superimposed as a result of the squeezed input. Results presented indicate that it is possible to somewhat reduce the vacuum Rabi peaks in transmission, in the strong-coupling regime, with a moderately squeezed input. In the limit of a ``bad cavity,'' the characteristic triplet transmitted under conditions of saturation may have one of its sidebands suppressed and the other enhanced by a squeezed input. These signatures suggest new alternatives for the experimental study of the interaction of atoms with squeezed light.
Exploration path generation for multiple mobile robots using reaction-diffusion equation on a graph (2004)

In this paper, we present a method to generate exploration path for multiple mobile robots in a restricted working area. In exploration mission by mobile robots, the goal is to minimize the overall exploration time and ensure a thorough exploration.
Iso-α-acids, Hop-Derived Bitter Components of Beer, Attenuate Age-Related Inflammation and Cognitive Decline (2019)

With the aging population rapidly increasing worldwide, preventive measures and treatments for age-related cognitive decline and dementia are of utmost importance. We have previously demonstrated that the consumption of iso-α-acids (IAA), which are hop-derived bitter compounds in beer, prevents the formation of disease pathology in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the effect of IAA consumption on age-related cognitive decline is unknown. In the present study, we examined the effect of long-term and short-term dietary consumption of IAA, on age-related memory impairments and inflammation in the hippocampus of aged mice. When compared with young mice, aged mice showed impairment in spatial working memory during the Y-maze spontaneous alternation test, impairment in object recognition memory during the novel object recognition test (NORT), a pro-inflammatory hippocampal microglial phenotype with increased CD86 expression and inflammatory cytokine production, increased levels of glutamate and amyloid β<sub>1-42</sub>, and decreased levels of dopamine (DA). In aged mice fed IAA for 3 months, the age-related alterations in memory, microglial inflammation, and glutamate, amyloid β<sub>1-42</sub>, and DA levels were all significantly attenuated. Additionally, the oral administration of IAA for 7 days in aged mice with memory impairment, also improved spatial and object recognition memory. These results suggest that IAA consumption prevents inflammation in the hippocampus and ameliorates age-related cognitive decline.
Malignant tumour of the psoas: another cause of meralgia paraesthetica. (1993)

Contrasting the more benign causes known for meralgia paraesthetica we report a case due to a malignant tumour of the psoas muscle. We discuss the use of sensory nerve conduction study and somatosensory evoked potentials of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve as well as needle EMG and diagnostic nerve block to detect the site of the lesion along its course. This appears of major importance, as causes located above the inguinal ligament can bear a more serious prognosis than the ones below.
Role of Capsule in the Pathogenesis of Fowl Cholera Caused by<i>Pasteurella multocida</i>Serogroup A (2001)

We have constructed a defined acapsular mutant in Pasteurella multocida X-73 (serogroup A:1) by disrupting the hexA gene through the insertion of a tetracycline resistance cassette. The genotype of the hexA::tet(M) strain was confirmed by PCR and Southern hybridization, and the acapsular phenotype of this strain was confirmed by electron microscopy. The hexA::tet(M) strain was attenuated in both mice and chickens. Complementation of the mutant with an intact hexAB fragment restored lethality in mice but not in chickens. In contrast to the results described previously for P. multocida serogroup B (J. D. Boyce and B. Adler, Infect. Immun. 68:3463-3468, 2000), the hexA::tet(M) strain was sensitive to the bactericidal action of chicken serum, whereas the wild-type and complemented strains were both resistant. Following inoculation into chicken muscle, the bacterial count of the hexA::tet(M) strain decreased significantly, while the wild-type and complemented strains both grew rapidly over 4 h. The capsule is thus an essential virulence determinant in the pathogenesis of fowl cholera.
Expression of death-related genes and their relationship to loss of apoptosis in T1 ductal breast carcinomas (1998)

Expression of the death-related proteins (DRPs) Bcl-2, Bax, Bcl-x and Bak that regulate cell survival and death was examined using immuno-histochemical methods in a group of 142 T1 (<2 cm) ductal breast carcinomas. Immunostaining results were correlated with loss of apoptosis and clinicopathological parameters such as histological grade (HG) and lymph node involvement. Expression of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-x was found in 57.0% and 62.75% of tumors, respectively. Bcl-2 expression, but not Bcl-x expression, was related to loss of apoptosis. Expression of the apoptotic proteins Bax and Bak was present in 58% of Bcl-2-negative tumors and associated significantly with an increase in apoptosis. Expression of these DRPs was associated significantly with the HG of the tumors: Bcl-2 and Bak expression was predominant in HG I/II tumors, whereas expression of Bcl-xL and Bax was commonly observed in HG III tumors, as occurs for p53 over-expression. Our results suggest that the loss or gain of apoptosis is regulated tightly in T1 breast carcinomas through the expression of different effectors along with tumor cell differentiation.
Super Spy variants implicate flexibility in chaperone action (2014)

Experimental study of the role of disorder in protein function is challenging. It has been proposed that proteins utilize disordered regions in the adaptive recognition of their various binding partners. However apart from a few exceptions, defining the importance of disorder in promiscuous binding interactions has proven to be difficult. In this paper, we have utilized a genetic selection that links protein stability to antibiotic resistance to isolate variants of the newly discovered chaperone Spy that show an up to 7 fold improved chaperone activity against a variety of substrates. These "Super Spy" variants show tighter binding to client proteins and are generally more unstable than is wild type Spy and show increases in apparent flexibility. We establish a good relationship between the degree of their instability and the improvement they show in their chaperone activity. Our results provide evidence for the importance of disorder and flexibility in chaperone function. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01584.001.
Deacylation of 4-nitrophenyl acetate by 6A-(ω-aminoalkyl)amino-6A-deoxy-β-cyclodextrins † (1999)

The deacylation of 4-nitrophenyl acetate (pNPA) in aqueous solution to give 4-nitrophenolate is significantly accelerated by the 6A-(ω-aminoalkyl)amino-6A-deoxy-β-cyclodextrins [βCDNH(CH2)nNH2] which are themselves acylated to give predominantly βCDNH(CH2)nNHCOCH3. The deacylation is characterised by kdK = 27.4, 35.5, 24.5 and 16.0 dm3 mol–1 s–1 at 298.2 K in aqueous 0.05 mol dm–3 borate buffer and I = 0.10 mol dm–3 (NaClO4) when n = 2, 3, 4 and 6, respectively, where kd (s–1) is the rate constant for pNPA deacylation through a βCDNH(CH2)nNH2·pNPA complex characterised by a stability constant K (dm3 mol–1). The inhibition of the deacylation by adamantane-1-carboxylate (AC–) is consistent with a mechanism where AC– competes with pNPA in entering the βCDNH(CH2)nNH2 annulus through the formation of a βCDNH(CH2)nNH2·AC– complex. The latter complex has been qualitatively studied by 1H NMR ROESY methods, and its structure and that of βCDNH(CH2)nNH2· pNPA have also been force-field modelled. The possibility of the operation of an SN2 mechanism as an alternative explanation for the deacylation data is also considered.