gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The influence of repeated pain stimulation on the emotional aspect of pain: a preliminary study in healthy volunteers (2015)

Purpose: Pain is a multidimensional experience with sensory-discriminative, cognitive-evaluative, and affective-motivational components. Emotional factors, such as unpleasantness or anxiety, are known to have influence on pain in humans. Repeated painful stimulation has been reported to reduce subjective pain intensity. Nevertheless, there is little evidence of the influence of such stimulation on the emotional factors of pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of repeated painful stimulation on the experience of unpleasantness and anxiety. Materials and methods: Eight subjects (six females, two males) volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects received repeated painful stimulation for 3 consecutive days each instance lasting 6 seconds, 60 times per day, on the medial side of the forearm of the nondominant hand. We examined the following items to evaluate changes of responses to painful stimulation: pain thresholds, pain tolerance levels, pain intensities, unpleasantness, and anxiety. Furthermore, pain thresholds and pain tolerance levels were compared between different sites on the ipsilateral and contralateral forearms. Results: No immediate or chronological changes in pain thresholds or pain tolerance levels were observed. Pain intensities were reduced significantly over the 3-day experimental period ( P <0.05). On the other hand, there was no great change in unpleasantness during the 3-day period. Anxiety was increased significantly after the painful stimulation compared with that without the painful stimulation and before day 1 of the stimulation ( P <0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that repeated painful stimulation may result in habituation to pain intensities but not habituation to emotional factors. Keywords: anxiety, unpleasantness, pain intensity, habituation
The Design Optimization of a Flow Control Fin Using CFD (2012)

In this paper, the Flow Control Fin(FCF) optimization has been carried out using computational fluid dynamics(CFD) techniques. This study focused on evaluation for the performance of the FCF attached in the stern part of the ship. The main advantage of FCF is to enhance the resistance performance through the lift generation with a forward force component on the foil section, and the propulsive performance by the uniformity of velocity distribution on the propeller plane. This study intended to evaluate these functions and to find optimized FCF form for minimizing viscous resistance and equalizing wake distribution. Four parameters of FCF are used in the study, which were angle and position of FCF, longitudinal location, transverse location, and span length in the optimization process. KRISO 300K VLCC2(KVLCC2) was chosen for an example ship to demonstrate FCF for optimization. The optimization procedure utilized genetic algorithms (GAs), a gradient-based optimizer for the refinement of the solution, and Non-dominated Sorting GA-II(NSGA-II) for Multiobjective Optimization. The results showed that the optimized FCF could enhance the uniformity of wake distribution at the expense of viscous resistance.
Reservation-based quality of service (QoS) in an Airborne Network (2009)

This paper addresses the use of Resource ReSerVation Protocol-Aggregate (RSVP-AGG) at the tactical edge of the Air Force's Airborne Network (AN). Since the AN tactical edge can have different types of stub-networks accessing the AN (i.e., non-IP based legacy networks like Link 16, DiffServ based networks and IntServ based net-works), RSVP-AGG offers a common access approach regardless of the differences in the networks using the AN. The paper presents a novel RSVP-AGG approach that has the advantage of decreasing the burden on the AN core links with limited bandwidth by reducing RSVP control traffic over the encrypted core. Also, the paper shows that RSVP-AGG (being a single reservation instead of multiple reservations) could be more resilient to link errors. Moreover, using RSVP-AGG over the AN core could open the door to consider the advantages of statistical multiplexing.
Low-energy elastic electron scattering by acetaldehyde (2014)

We report results from a combined experimental and computational study of low-energy electron interactions with acetaldehyde in the gas phase. Differential cross sections for elastic electron scattering were measured at selected incident energies from 1 to 50 eV, while corresponding first-principles calculations were carried out up to 30 eV. Integral and momentum-transfer cross sections were derived from the angle-differential data. The role of resonances in the scattering is examined and comparison is made to previous results for acetaldehyde and for its analogs, formamide and formic acid.
Results of a phase Ib trial evaluating the safety and clinical activity of sapanisertib (TAK 228) in combination with serabelisib (TAK 117) and paclitaxel in patients with advanced ovarian, endometrial, or breast cancer. (2020)

3604 Background: The link between taxane resistance and activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling suggests that by inhibiting this pathway in combination with anti-microtubule agents like paclitaxel may improve treatment outcomes in many malignancies. To investigate this further we combined the TORC 1/2 inhibitor sapanisertib (TAK-228), the PI3Kα isoform inhibitor serabelisib (TAK-117), and paclitaxel in a phase I trial to determine the safety, efficacy, and RP2D. Methods: Open label, cohort study using a traditional 3+3 dose escalation design with a maximum of 5 dosing cohorts. A dose expansion of cohort 4, the recommended RP2D, is planned for February 2020. Results: Enrollment to the DLT evaluation has been completed and the clinical results are summarized in Table. Sixteen patients have been enrolled; a majority were heavily pretreated and resistant to paclitaxel. Overall, the combination was safe and tolerable. One DLT occurred due to renal dysfunction in cohort 5. 360 adverse events have been reported, but only 28 (8%) grade 3 or 4 events. The most common events were leukopenia and non-febrile neutropenia. Two patients required dose reductions as a result of pneumonitis. The ORR is currently 46% in 13 evaluable patients. CBR is 69% and PFS is currently at 10 months. Two patients achieved a CR and three patients remain on treatment. Conclusions: The combination proved to be well tolerated in the doses and schedules used in cohorts 1-4 and exhibited very promising clinical activity in heavily pretreated patients. This regimen could prove to be a highly effective treatment option and a phase 2 study is warranted at the RP2D. Clinical trial information: NCT03154294 . [Table: see text]
A convenient method for measuring ferric iron in magnesiowustite (MgO-Fe (sub 1-x) O) (1998)

We present a new oxybarometer for magnesiowu stite-bearing systems, which is easily applied using widely available techniques. A scale relating the proportion of Fe 3 [ Fe 3 /(Fe 3 Fe 2 )] to the position of the (220) reflection and total Fe (y) in magnesiowu stites (Mg 1y Fe y ) 1x O has been derived from measured values in samples equilibrated at various oxygen fugacities: 2 3 13.0047 39.4829f 40.0540f 13.5701f (0.007 0.09), 2 f (d 1.4890)/(0.0510y 0.0206y )(0.0001). 220
<title>Optical imaging in a highly scattering medium</title> (1993)

There are many different methods being developed for generating images through tissue using light as the transmitted beam. The potential advantages are enormous: at low intensities, the procedure is safe requiring no ionizing radiation, and is therefore suitable for continuous monitoring of patients (such as those with head trauma), or for use in screening operations (such as mammography). Furthermore, the apparatus will be inexpensive when compared with MRI, CT, and PET scanners, and will have the capability of providing information about the tissue oxygenation status, rather than merely providing morphological information.
Calcium Sensor for Photoacoustic Imaging (2017)

We introduce a selective and cell-permeable calcium sensor for photoacoustics (CaSPA), a versatile imaging technique that allows for fast volumetric mapping of photoabsorbing molecules with deep tissue penetration. To optimize for Ca<sup>2+</sup>-dependent photoacoustic signal changes, we synthesized a selective metallochromic sensor with high extinction coefficient, low quantum yield, and high photobleaching resistance. Micromolar concentrations of Ca<sup>2+</sup> lead to a robust blueshift of the absorbance of CaSPA, which translated into an accompanying decrease of the peak photoacoustic signal. The acetoxymethyl esterified sensor variant was readily taken up by cells without toxic effects and thus allowed us for the first time to perform live imaging of Ca<sup>2+</sup> fluxes in genetically unmodified cells and heart organoids as well as in zebrafish larval brain via combined fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging.
Seasonality of month of birth of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus in homogenous and heterogeneous populations. (2005)

Our findings attempt to explain the controversial data in the literature by showing that ethnically heterogeneous populations comprising a mixture of patients with various genetic backgrounds and environmental exposures mask the different seasonality pattern of month of birth that many children with diabetes present when compared to the general population.
Epoxy–PCM Composites with Nanocarbons or Multidimensional Boron Nitride as Heat Flow Enhancers (2019)

The need for affordable systems that are capable of regulating the temperature of living or storage spaces has increased the interest in exploring phase change materials (PCMs) for latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES). This study investigates n-nonadecane (C<sub>19</sub>H<sub>40</sub>) and n-eicosane (C<sub>20</sub>H<sub>42</sub>) as alkane hydrocarbons/paraffins for LHTES applications. An epoxy resin is used as the support matrix medium to mitigate paraffin leakage, and a thickening agent is utilized to suppress phase separation during the curing process. In order to enhance the thermal conductivity of the epoxy-paraffin composite, conductive agents including carbon nanofibers (CNFs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), boron nitride (BN) microparticles, or boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are incorporated in different gravimetric ratios. Enhancements in latent heat, thermal conductivity, and heat transfer are realized with the addition of the thermal fillers. The sample composition with 10 wt.% BN shows excellent reversibility upon extended heating-cooling cycles and adequate viscosity for template casting as well as direct three-dimensional (3D) printing on fabrics, demonstrating the feasibility for facile integration onto liners/containers for thermal regulation purposes.
Protein Binding and the Metabolism of Thiamylal Enantiomers In Vitro (2000)

Thiamylal, a chiral thiobarbiturate, is marketed as a racemic product. We studied the serum protein binding and microsomal metabolism of thiamylal enantiomers in vitro. The unbound fraction of R(+)-thiamylal was greater than that of S(−)-thiamylal. The analysis of binding data revealed that both enantiomers bound to human serum albumin through only one site. In displacement studies with site-specific probes, dansylsarcosine, but not warfarin, significantly decreased the binding of both enantiomers. The bindings of enantiomers were also decreased by octanoate and a large concentration of oleate. These findings suggest that both enantiomers bind to Site II of albumin with higher affinity for S(−)-enantiomer. R(+)-thiamylal was metabolized more rapidly than S(−)-enantiomer by human liver microsomes. An experiment with isoform-selective inhibitors and cytochrome P-450 (CYP) isoforms showed that CYP2C9 had the highest activity for the metabolism of both enantiomers, the activity being 7 to 10 times that of CYP2E1 and CYP3A4. CYP2C9 showed a significantly rapid metabolism of R(+)-enantiomer, suggesting that CYP2C9 is mainly involved in the enantioselective metabolism of thiamylal. Implications Because clinically marketed thiamylal is a racemic compound, a pharmacokinetic study of each enantiomer may be beneficial. We found that the enantioselectivity of thiamylal existed in protein binding and metabolism. This may be caused by the differences in the affinities of enantiomers for albumin and cytochrome P-450 isoform.
Microfluidic Generation of Monodisperse, Structurally Homogeneous Alginate Microgels for Cell Encapsulation and 3D Cell Culture (2015)

Monodisperse alginate microgels (10-50 μm) are created via droplet-based microfluidics by a novel crosslinking procedure. Ionic crosslinking of alginate is induced by release of chelated calcium ions. The process separates droplet formation and gelation reaction enabling excellent control over size and homogeneity under mild reaction conditions. Living mesenchymal stem cells are encapsulated and cultured in the generated 3D microenvironments.
Interaction Forces for Symmetric Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Systems in Aqueous Isopropanol Solutions (2010)

Interaction force measurements were performed for a silica-silica hydrophilic system and for a silanated silica-silanated silica hydrophobic system using the atomic force microscopy colloidal probe technique. The influence of the solution composition on interaction forces was investigated. The hydrophilic silica-silica interactions were found to be described as a typical Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) system in solutions of various compositions, whereas silanated silica-silanated silica interactions were dominated by a long-range hydrophobic force. An increase in the isopropyl alcohol content of the solution diminishes both the repulsive forces in the case of the hydrophilic system and the attractive interactions in the case of the hydrophobic system.
Inhibitors of Trypsin‐Like Serine Proteases Inhibit Processing of the Caspase Nedd‐2 and Protect PC12 Cells and Sympathetic Neurons from Death Evoked by Withdrawal of Trophic Support (1997)

Rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells and sympathetic neurons undergo apoptotic cell death upon withdrawal of trophic support. We have shown previously that selective cysteine aspartase (caspase) inhibitors protect PC12 cells and sympathetic neurons from such death, and that the caspase Nedd-2 is required for this type of death to occur. We now show that 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride (AEBSF) and N(alpha)-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK), agents that inhibit another class of proteases, the trypsin-like serine proteases, also suppress cell death in this paradigm. The site of action of these agents is upstream of the caspases, because the CPP32-like and Nedd-2-cleaving activities that are induced upon withdrawal of trophic support in PC12 cells are inhibited when AEBSF and TLCK are applied to the cells. Both agents inhibit thymidine incorporation in PC12 cells at concentrations similar to those that promote survival, raising the possibility that they may promote survival in neuronal cells through inhibition of aberrant activation of cell cycle components.
Learning to form dynamic committees (2003)

Learning agents may improve performance when they cooperate with other agents. Specifically, learning agents forming a committee may outperform individual agents. This "ensemble effect" is well known for multi-classifier systems in Machine Learning. However, multi-classifier systems assume all data is known to all classifiers while we focus on agents that learn from cases (examples) that are owned and stored individually. In this article we focus on the selection of the agents that join a committee for solving a problem. Our approach is to frame committee membership as a learning task for the convener agent. The committee convener agent learns to form a committee in a dynamic way: at each point in time the convener agent decides whether it is better to invite a new member to join the committee (and which agent to invite) or to close the membership. The convener agent performs learning in the space of voting situations, i.e. learns when the current committee voting situation is likely to solve correctly (or not) a problem. The learning process allows an agent to decide when to solve a problem individually, when to convene a committee is better, and which individual agents to be invited to join the committee. Our experiments show that learning to form dynamic committees results in smaller committees while maintaining (and sometimes improving) the problem solving accuracy.
Generation of enhanced-scalelength plasmas and zeeman study of magnetic fields. Memorandum report (1983)

Using nonuniform laser illumination on flat targets, with moderate laser energies (200J), we have produced enhanced density scalelengths; e.g., in excess of 0.5 mm at 0.1 of critical density. These enhanced scalelengths are of interest in simulating large, high-gain pellets, and investigating the potential impact of longer scalelengths on a variety of convective plasma instabilities. The non-uniform laser irradiation also affects the spontaneous magnetic fields. These fields were measured for the first time using the Zeeman effect. Space-and-time-resolved measurements, for both polarizations, were made of the 2271-2278 A CV triplet emission. A comparison with theory gave fields around 200 kG.
Location Matters: Historical Racial Segregation and Intergenerational Mobility (2017)

This paper explores historical patterns of racial segregation and its relationship with the observed spatial variation in contemporaneous economic mobility established in Chetty et al. (2014). We combined data from the Equality of Opportunity Project with a novel measure of racial segregation developed in Logan and Parman (forthcoming) and find that past racial segregation explains a significant portion of the spatial variation in intergenerational mobility. These findings are consistent with models showing that persistent institutional factors may drive long-term outcomes across areas. Racial segregation and the environment that fosters it may diminish upward economic mobility by reducing access to networks, labor and capital markets, and political institutions. If so, then reducing the impact of these persistent processes may be key to mitigating current-day gaps in wealth, income, and overall well-being.
Structure and Barr body formation of an Xp + chromosome with two inactivation centers. (1977)

A patients with seizures, Von Willebrand disease, and symptoms of Turner syndrome was a chromosomal mosaic. In blood culture (1974), 56% of the cells were 45, X 33% 46, XXp+ and 11% 47,XXp + Xp +; in the skin, no cells with 47 chromosomes were found. Presumably the Xp + chromosome arose through a break in the Q-banded dark region next to the centromere on Xp to which an Xq had been attached. The abnormal X was late-labeling and formed a larger than normal Barr body. Of the chromatin-positive fibroblasts, 18.2% showed bipartite Barr bodies, which agrees with the hypothesis that the X inactivation center lies on the proximal part of the Xq. On the basis of the structure and behavior of the bipartite bodies in the present patient, as compared to those formed by other chromosomes with two presumed inactivation centers, we propose that the dark region next to the centromere of Xp remains active in the inactive X. In cells with 45,X and 46,XY, this region has the same relative size, whereas it is significantly shorter in the active X of three females, including the present patient, with one abnormal X. We propose that this region on the active X reveals different states of activity, as reflected in its length, depending on how many other X chromosomes are in the cell.
Leishmania amazonensis: Sensitivity of Different Promastigote Morphotypes to Salivary Gland Homogenates of the Sand Fly Lutzomyia longipalpis (1995)

We have recently demonstrated that Lutzomyia longipalpis salivary gland homogenates (SGH) inhibited the multiplication of Leishmania promastigotes in vitro. The present work shows that Leishmania amazonensis sensitivity to SGH is correlated to the phase of promastigote in vitro growth and can be decreased by the addition of hemin to the culture medium. The possible relevance of these in vitro results is discussed in relation to the development of Leishmania parasites within their sand fly vectors.
The Barbiturates and the Liver.* (1941)

No other journal can match Anesthesia & Analgesia for its original and significant contributions to the anesthesiology field. Each monthly issue features peer-reviewed articles reporting on the latest advances in drugs, preoperative preparation, patient monitoring, pain management, pathophysiology, and many other timely topics. Backed by internationally-known authorities who serve on the Editorial Board and as Section Editors, Anesthesia &Analgesia is your gateway to everything that is happening in anesthesia and 14 related subspecialties: Analgesia; Ambulatory Anesthesia; Anesthetic Pharmacology; Cardiovascular Anesthesia; Critical Care and Trauma; Economics, Education, and Policy; Neurosurgical Anesthesia; Obstetric Anesthesia; Pain Mechanisms; Pain Medicine; Pediatric Anesthesia; Regional Anesthesia; Patient Safety; and Technology, Computing and Simulation.
Sialylation of 3-Methylcholanthrene–Induced Fibrosarcoma Determines Antitumor Immune Responses during Immunoediting (2010)

Sialylation of tumor cells is involved in various aspects of their malignancy (proliferation, motility, invasion, and metastasis); however, its effect on the process of immunoediting that affects tumor cell immunogenicity has not been studied. We have shown that in mice with impaired immunoediting, such as in IL-1α(-/-) and IFNγ(-/-) mice, 3-methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma cells are immunogenic and concomitantly bear low levels of surface sialylation, whereas tumor cells derived from wild type mice are nonimmunogenic and bear higher levels of surface sialylation. To study immune mechanisms whose interaction with tumor cells involves surface sialic acid residues, we used highly sialylated 3-methylcholanthrene-induced nonimmunogenic fibrosarcoma cell lines from wild type mice, which were treated with sialidase to mimic immunogenic tumor cell variants. In vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that desialylation of tumor cells reduced their growth and induced cytotoxicity by NK cells. Moreover, sialidase-treated tumor cells better activated NK cells for IFN-γ secretion. The NKG2D-activating receptor on NK cells was shown to be involved in interactions with desialylated ligands on tumor cells, the nature of which is still not known. Thus, the degree of sialylation on tumor cells, which is selected during the process of immunoediting, has possibly evolved as an important mechanism of tumor cells with low intrinsic immunogenicity or select for tumor cells that can evade the immune system or subvert its function. When immunoediting is impaired, such as in IFN-γ(-/-) and IL-1α(-/-) mice, the overt tumor consists of desialylayed tumor cells that interact better with immunosurveillance cells.
Liming An Anaerobic Cheese Whey Digester (1992)

A 6-L digester was used to investigate how lime affected anaerobic digestion of sweet cheese whey. The lime-buffered digester was operated at 6.40-, 4.20- and 3.25-day hydraulic retention times (RT). Calcium concentrations ranged from 5540 mgL-i at 6.40-day RT to 24 900 mg-L-i at a 3.25-day RT. The digester had a COD reduction of 40 and 61% at RT of 3.25 and 6.40 days. The digester produced an average of 1790 L CH4-m-3.d-i, 13.9 times the average production of similar non-lime-buffered digesters, with an average of 82% CH4 in the biogas.
The Current Understanding of the Trap Generation Mechanisms that Lead to the Power Law Model for Gate Dielectric Breakdown (2007)

This paper reviews recent experiments that have shown that the probable mechanism for low voltage trap generation and dielectric breakdown is anode hydrogen release. Vibrational excitation of silicon-hydrogen bonds is the process that provides the most plausible explanation for the existence of a power law model for TDDB.