gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measuring and controlling unfairness in decentralized planning of energy demand (2014)

Demand-side energy management improves robustness and efficiency in Smart Grids. Load-adjustment and load-shifting are performed to match demand to available supply. These operations come at a discomfort cost for consumers as their lifestyle is influenced when they adjust or shift in time their demand. Performance of demand-side energy management mainly concerns how robustness is maximized or discomfort is minimized. However, measuring and controlling the distribution of discomfort as perceived between different consumers provides an enriched notion of fairness in demand-side energy management that is missing in current approaches. This paper defines unfairness in demand-side energy management and shows how unfairness is measurable and controllable by software agents that plan energy demand in a decentralized fashion. Experimental evaluation using real demand and survey data from two operational Smart Grid projects confirms these findings.
Effect of chloramphenicol on replication of mitochondria in <i>Tetrahymena</i> (1975)

Abstract Tetrahymena pyriformis ST (3 × 10 4 cells/ml) was treated with 0.1 mg/ml chloramphenicol (CAP). Cell division ceased after 1.5 divisions with no decreased viability. Total mitochondrial volume and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) activity/liter increased 1.7‐fold and 3‐fold, respectively. SDH activity/cell decreased whereas malate dehydrogenase activity/cell and respiratory control ratios and P: O ratios of isolated mitochondria were unchanged in treated cells. During 12 hours of growth in CAP the total surface area of mitochondrial inner and outer membrane was essentially unchanged or increased 4‐fold, respectively. Mitochondria from cells treated with chloramphenicol had decreased size, buoyant density and protein: lipid ratio in the membranes. The membrane ubiquinone: protein ratio was unchanged. Tetrahymena cells contained 3.6 × 10 −12 g of mitochondrial DNA and 6,800 mitochondria in a volume of 41,000 μ 3 . A 4‐hour treatment with CAP caused a 4‐fold increase in the number of mitochondria/cell and a 10‐fold increase in mitochondria/liter in contrast to a 4‐fold increase in number of mitochondria/liter in control cells. Thus CAP stimulated division of mitochondria. Individual mitochondria of treated cells had one‐tenth the volume of control mitochondria. The rate of increase of mitochondrial DNA/liter was the same in control and CAP‐treated cultures. The amount of DNA/mitochondrion decreased 75% in CAP‐treated cells due to the rapid division of mitochondria. The cell volume, cell protein content and mitochondrial DNA content/cell decreased with growth of control cultures.
Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Parathormonresistenz des Skeletts bei Niereninsuffizienz (1977)

ZusammenfassungEs ist eine seit langem bekannte klinische Beobachtung, daß bei Niereninsuffizienz eine Hyperkalzämie trotz erhöhten Serum-Parathormonspiegeln besteht. Dieser Befund weist darauf hin, daß die Fähigkeit von Parathormon, Calcium aus dem Skelett zu mobilisieren, beeinträchtigt ist.
Preparation of silver nanoparticles loaded graphene oxide nanosheets for antibacterial activity (2016)

A simple, facile method to fabricate successfully silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) decorated on graphene oxide (GO) layers via grafted thiol groups. Samples were prepared with different concentrations of AgNO3. Resulting AgNPs were quasi-spherical in shape and attached on the layers of GO. Physical properties were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), zeta potential, dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Antimicrobial test was effectively showed using MRSA (Staphylococcus areus). The GO-Ag NPs with appropriate Ag NPs content of 0.2 M AgNO3 exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity at 48.77% inhibition after 4 hours incubation.
Abstract 12974: Primary Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death in Women (2010)

Background: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) accounts for over half of all cardiac deaths, and the majority occur as the first manifestation of heart disease, especially among women. Primary preventive s...
Plasmon Length: A Universal Parameter to Describe Size Effects in Gold Nanoparticles (2012)

Localized surface plasmon resonances are central to many sensing and signal transmission applications. Tuning of the plasmon energy and line width through particle size and shape is critical to the design of such devices. To gain quantitative information on the size dependence of plasmonic properties, mainly due to retardation effects, we correlated optical spectra and structures for 500 individual gold particles of five different shapes. We show that the effects of size on the dipolar plasmon frequency and line width are shape-independent when size is described by the plasmon length, the length over which the oscillations take place. This result suggests that edge effects are rather unimportant for dipolar modes in a large size range between 50 and 350 nm. Therefore, in describing the size-dependent plasmonic properties of nanoparticles, one should focus on the distance along which the oscillation occurs rather than its intrinsic shape.
Green Synthesis, Antimicrobial Activity and Cytotoxicity of Novel Fused Pyrimidine Derivatives Possessing a Trifluoromethyl Moiety (2018)

Abstract A series of novel fused pyrimidine derivatives possessing a trifluoromethyl moiety have been synthesized by the reaction of the enaminone named E ‐3‐(dimethylamino)1‐(4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one with a variety of heterocyclic amines under solvent free mechanochemical condition utilizing nano sized magnesium oxide catalyst. 1 H– 15 N HMBC (Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation) NMR technique was used to allow for the unambiguous structural characterization of the fused pyrimidine products. The newly synthesized fused pyrimidines were investigated for their antimicrobial and anticancer activity. A pronounced inhibitory effect on the growth of the tested cell lines was recorded by the examined newly synthesized fused pyrimidines.
Flow-induced alignment in intrinsically anisotropic polymeric materials (1995)

To understand the processing behavior of complex polymeric materials, it is imperative that we understand the distinct underlying molecular and microstructural contributions to macroscopic mechanical response. We have developed rheo-optical methods to isolate the dynamics at such length scales, by combining conventional mechanical testing with polarimetry. The rheology and flow-induced alignment in side-group liquid-crystalline polymers (SG-LCPs) and lamellar diblock copolymers (BCPs) have been investigated using the rheo-optical apparatus.

The rheology of SG-LCPs arises from a combination of the polymeric nature of the backbone, the ordering tendency of the mesogens, and the coupling between the two introduced by the spacer. Contrary to previous studies, we find that the nematic order can significantly affects the macroscopic viscoelastic response in SG-LCP melts. In the nematic state, we have discovered that oscillatory shear is effective in inducing macroscopic orientation of the sample. Shear flow may prove to be an economical, efficient way to obtain macroscopically aligned SGLCPs, which have potential as optical data storage media and nonlinear optical materials. In contrast to magnetic field induced alignment, the mechanism of shear induced alignment appears to bedriven by the distortion of the polymer backbone.

We study the mechanisms of flow-induced alignment in a poly(ethylenepropylene)-poly(ethylethylene) lamellar diblock copolymer, which produce macroscopic alignment with lamellae normal along the shear gradient direction ('parallel' alignment), or along the vorticity direction ('perpendicular' alignment). We accomplish this by monitoring the evolution of the microstructure and viscoelasticity in situ during the alignment process. Our results suggest that 'parallel' alignment occurs due to irreversible 'rocking' of grains which tends to align the grains along the shear direction, whereas 'perpendicular' alignment occurs at conditions where the microscale deformation is nearly homogeneous.
FREQUENCY ISLANDS IN THE PRIMARY RESONANCE OF NONLINEAR DELAY SYSTEMS (2008)

The purpose of this effort is to investigate primary resonances of nonlinear delay systems. Along these lines, the response of a Duffing oscillator with delayed-state feedback to primary resonance excitations is considered and analyzed using the method of multiple scales. Unlike previous research efforts that let the coefficients of the delay states (gains) be small to allow direct implementation of the method of multiple scales, we demonstrate that the method can be adapted to analyze nonlinear delay systems with large gains. Further, we unveil very interesting dynamic responses characterized by the presence of islands in the frequency response of the delayed Duffing oscillator. It is demonstrated that these islands grow in size and collide with the main branch of solutions (mainland) as the magnitude of the external excitation is increased or as the gain-delay combination is chosen closer to the stability boundaries of the free response.
Magnetic Properties (1948)

In 1923 Niels Bohr predicted, on the basis of his theories of periodicities in the electronic structures of the elements, that somewhere near the end of the periodic table there should exist a series of elements similar to the rare earths.
Heterogeneous conversion of calcite aerosol by nitric acid (2006)

The reaction of nitric acid with calcite aerosol at varying relative humidities has been studied under suspended particle conditions in an atmospheric reaction chamber using infrared absorption spectroscopy. The reactant concentration in the chamber, as well as the appearance of gas phase products and surface adsorbed species, was spectroscopically monitored before and after mixing with CaCO(3) (calcite) particles. The interaction with HNO(3) was found to lead to gas phase CO(2) evolution and increased water uptake due to heterogeneous conversion of the carbonate to particulate nitrate. The reaction was enhanced as the relative humidity of the system was increased, especially at relative humidities above the reported deliquescence point of particulate Ca(NO(3))(2). The measured reaction extent demonstrates that the total calcite particulate mass is available for reaction with HNO(3) and the conversion process is not limited to the particle surface. The spectroscopy of the surface formed nitrate suggests a highly concentrated solution environment with a significant degree of ion pairing. The implications of the HNO(3) loss and the formation of the particulate nitrate product for atmospheric chemistry are discussed.
One‐pot Synthesis of 4‐Aminocyclohexanol Isomers by Combining a Keto Reductase and an Amine Transaminase (2019)

Abstract The efficient multifunctionalization by one‐pot or cascade catalytic systems has developed as an important research field, but is often challenging due to incompatibilities or cross‐reactivities of the catalysts leading to side product formation. Herein we report the stereoselective preparation of cis ‐ and trans ‐4‐aminocyclohexanol from the potentially bio‐based precursor 1,4‐cyclohexanedione. We identified regio‐ and stereoselective enzymes catalyzing reduction and transamination of the diketone, which can be performed in a one‐pot sequential or cascade mode. For this, we identified regioselective keto reductases for the selective mono reduction of the diketone to give 4‐hydroxycyclohexanone. The system is modular and by choosing stereocomplementary amine transaminases, both cis ‐ and trans ‐4‐aminocyclohexanol were synthesized with good to excellent diastereomeric ratios. Furthermore, we identified an amine transaminase that produces cis ‐1,4‐cyclohexanediamine with diastereomeric ratios >98 : 2. These examples highlight that the high selectivity of enzymes enable short and stereoselective cascade multifunctionalizations to generate high‐value building blocks from renewable starting materials. Introduction
Sex Differences and Discriminative Value of Lower Extremity Alignments and Kinematics during Two Functional Tasks (2010)

The purpose of this study was to formulate a predictive equation to discriminate males from females using static and dynamic lower extremity (LE) alignments. Twenty-four healthy adults volunteered to participate. Three-dimensional motion analysis was used to assess the kinematics of the right hip and knee during two functional tasks. Six measures of static LE alignment were also performed. Statistical comparisons were made between males and females for all variables. Static and dynamic variables that were significantly different by sex were entered into separate discriminant analyses for each task. The resulting equations were each able to correctly predict 87% of the subjects by sex. Fifty-eight percent and 55% of the variance was explained by sex for the vertical jump and plant & jump, respectively. The frontal plane hip angle was the best predictor of sex for both tasks. While there were statistically significant differences between the sexes for static measures of LE alignment, kinematic measures were better at discriminating between sexes.
Reactions of Re2Cl4(dppm)2 with carbon monoxide that proceed with retention of the metal-metal bond: synthesis of Re2Cl4(dppm)2(CO)n (n = 1, 2) and the structural characterization of Cl2Re(.mu.-Cl)(.mu.-CO)(.mu.-dppm)2ReCl(CO) (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Re2Cl4(dppm)2 with carbon monoxide that proceed with retention of the metal-metal bond: synthesis of Re2Cl4(dppm)2(CO)n (n = 1, 2) and the structural characterization of Cl2Re(.mu.-Cl)(.mu.-CO)(.mu.-dppm)2ReCl(CO)F. Albert Cotton, Lee M. Daniels, Kim R. Dunbar, Larry R. Falvello, Stephen M. Tetrick, and Richard A. WaltonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 12, 3524–3530Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00298a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00298a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views101Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Decreased Serotonin Uptake Sites in PTSD: Relation to Clinical Features (1995)

Although alterations of serotonergic systems have been reported in major depression, few studies have demonstrated serotonergic involvement in
The New Phase [Tl<sub>4</sub>Sb<sub>6</sub>Se<sub>10</sub>][Sn<sub>5</sub>Sb<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>14</sub>]: A Naturally Formed Semiconducting Heterostructure with Two-Dimensional Conductance (2014)

We report on a new layered semiconductor Tl8Sn10Sb16Se48 with an indirect band gap of 0.45 eV. The novel structure is made of alternating layers of SnSe2-type [Sn5Sb2Se14] and SnSe-type [Tl4Sb6Se10]. The material exhibits two-dimensional (2D) electron variable range hopping at low temperatures, indicating an absence of interlayer coherency of the electronic state. Theoretical calculations unveil a 2D confinement for electrons in the [Sn5Sb2Se14] sheet and confirm the heterostructure nature. This unique electronic structure is attributed to the weak interlayer coupling and structure distortion in the electron-poor [Tl4Sb6Se10] layer that energetically impedes electron propagation.
Drink safe walk safe (2004)

The Drink Safe Walk Safe project was initiated to address the issue of pedestrian safety, particularly pedestrians affected by alcohol. It was identified that there was a high incidence of �drink walking� within the Wollongong LGA and research undertaken in the planning stage of the project identified a gap in the current public education available. During October 2003, Wollongong hosted two games of the Rugby World Cup which coincided with a local annual community festival, Viva La Gong. It was predicted that these events and associated festivals would attract a large number of people and raised concerns in regard to drink walking. The events provided an opportunity to raise the profile of drink walking and place it on the local road safety agenda. It incorporated a range of promotional materials and included marshalling of pedestrians to and from events using volunteers recruited from local service clubs. The project also incorporated an education strategy targeting motorists, as well as local licensed venues displaying the campaign message and promoting responsible service of alcohol in their venues. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212977.
Algorithmic cooling and scalable NMR quantum computers (2002)

We present here algorithmic cooling (via polarization heat bath)-a powerful method for obtaining a large number of highly polarized spins in liquid nuclear-spin systems at finite temperature. Given that spin-half states represent (quantum) bits, algorithmic cooling cleans dirty bits beyond the Shannon's bound on data compression, by using a set of rapidly thermal-relaxing bits. Such auxiliary bits could be implemented by using spins that rapidly get into thermal equilibrium with the environment, e.g., electron spins. Interestingly, the interaction with the environment, usually a most undesired interaction, is used here to our benefit, allowing a cooling mechanism. Cooling spins to a very low temperature without cooling the environment could lead to a breakthrough in NMR experiments, and our "spin-refrigerating" method suggests that this is possible. The scaling of NMR ensemble computers is currently one of the main obstacles to building larger-scale quantum computing devices, and our spin-refrigerating method suggests that this problem can be resolved.
Impact of Synchronous Generator Replacement with VSG on Power System Stability (2020)

The stability of frequency and voltage endure high risk due to the integration of power converters. One of the promising solution is the virtual synchronous generator, which controls the power converter to mimic the characteristics of a synchronous generator. This paper evaluates the impact of using the virtual synchronous generator instead of an actual synchronous generator on the power system. Two different modeling methods are considered, where a high order model is used to investigate that how close a virtual synchronous generator can emulate a synchronous generator, and a low order model is used to investigate the influence when only the key features of the synchronous generator are modeled, such as the inertia. The IEEE 9-bus modified test system is used to obtain the simulation results in this paper. It shows that a 6th-order model based VSG is detailed enough to emulate a synchronous generator in most cases and a 2nd-order model based VSG behaves differently, which may introduce both advantages and disadvantages.
DOA-estimation and source-localization in CR-networks using steerable 2-D IIR beam filters (2013)

The application of multi-dimensional (MD) infinite impulse response (IIR) space-time beam filters in radio source localization in cognitive radio (CR) environments is investigated. Knowledge of the position of radio sources in a CR network leads to the detection of white spaces in the MD frequency domain, thereby creating more opportunistic links for the secondary users. The use of MD IIR beam filters is motivated by their very low computational complexity and small side lobe levels compared to digital phased arrays. As a proof-of-concept, the two dimensional (2-D) propagation scenario including at least two receiver stations and a data fusion station, which combines the direction of arrival (DOA) estimates from the two receiver stations, to yield a position estimate, is considered. Each receiver station employs a uniform linear array (ULA) of antennas and a steerable 2-D IIR beam filter and provides information pertaining to peak energy directions. First order 2-D IIR beam filters are shown to provide acceptable DOA estimates with a SNR of 6 dB. The peak energy direction information leads to both position and MD white space detection.
Short-Duration Simulations from Measurements. (2014)

A method is presented that ascribes proper statistical variability to simulations that are derived from longer-duration measurements. This method is applicable to simulations of either real-value or integer-value data. An example is presented that demonstrates the applicability of this technique to the synthesis of gamma-ray spectra.
Structural and Solvent Effects on the Mechanism of the Thermal Decarboxylation of 2-Oxetanones. A Limiting Case between Concerted and Stepwise Pathways in Pericyclic Reactions (1997)

The thermal decarboxylation of 2-oxetanones (β-lactones) to yield alkenes has been studied using ab initio SCF-MO computational methods. Solvent effects have also been taken into account. The reaction is predicted to be concerted in the gas phase, the corresponding transition structures having non-Woodward−Hoffmann topologies. A set of 10 substituted 2-oxetanones has been studied, and it has been found that donating groups (methyl, vinyl, phenyl) at C4 facilitate the [2+2] cycloreversion. The saddle points which connect substrates and products are predicted to be highly polar in nature, and, therefore, even moderately polar solvents such as o-dichlorobenzene accelerate the reaction. trans-2-Oxetanones are predicted to react faster than their cis isomers if solvent effects are taking into account. Self-consistent reaction field methods based on multipole expansions of the free energy of solvation tend to overestimate the stability of zwitterionic intermediates at the Hartree−Fock level. This results in stepwise mechanisms in several cases, although higher levels of theory predict again concerted mechanisms.
Effective conjugation in conjugated polymers with strongly twisted backbones: a case study on fluorinated MEHPPV (2016)

Strongly twisted conjugated polymers demand a redefinition of the ‘effective conjugation length’, extracted here graphically by a facile method.