gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new address decoder using digital MSK demodulation technique for the HD-DVD system (2003)

A stable modulation and demodulation technique of the physical address is essential to a HD-DVD system where the physical address is recorded in the form of a modulated wobble. Many modulation techniques have been introduced and adapted for HD-DVD experiments. Among them, the MSK (minimum shift keying) modulation is attracting more attention recently because it has many advantages for the HD-DVD system, such as continuous phase form, constant amplitude envelope, and so on. But the typical coherent MSK demodulator is composed of analog signal multipliers, integrators, and other complicated logic circuit blocks. Therefore, the hardware implementation of the demodulator is very complex and demodulation performance is quite dependent on individual devices. To solve these problems, we propose a new digital non-coherent MSK demodulation technique in this paper.
Selective Effects of Interleukin (IL)–15 on Antifungal Activity and IL‐8 Release by Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes in Response to Hyphae of<i>Aspergillus</i>Species (2003)

The effects of interleukin (IL)-15 on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) activity against Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus were investigated. Pretreatment with IL-15 for 2 h increased PMNL oxidative burst, as measured by superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) release in response to A. fumigatus (P<.05) but not to A. flavus. However, after 22-h, but not 2-h, treatment with IL-15, there was significant enhancement in PMNL-mediated hyphal damage to A. fumigatus. Furthermore, 22-h exposure to IL-15 mediated an enhanced release of IL-8 from PMNLs challenged with hyphae of A. fumigatus and A. flavus (P<.05). In contrast, IL-15 treatment did not affect the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha from PMNLs. The selective time- and species-dependent enhancement of O(2)(-) production and hyphal damage, as well as its induction of IL-8 release, suggest that IL-15 may play an important role in the immunomodulation of host response to invasive aspergillosis.
Valence-to-Core X-ray Emission Spectroscopy: A Sensitive Probe of the Nature of a Bound Ligand (2011)

The sensitivity of iron Kβ X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) to the nature of the bound ligands (σ-donating, π-donating, and π-accepting) has been explored. A combination of experiment and theory has been employed, with a DFT approach being utilized to elucidate ligand effects on the spectra and to assign the spectral intensity mechanisms. Knowledge of the various contributions to the spectra allows for a deeper understanding of spectral features and demonstrates the sensitivity of this method to the identity of the interacting ligands. The potential of XES for identifying intermediate species in nonheme iron enzymes is highlighted.
Ni(111) surface state observed with scanning tunneling microscopy (2008)

A high-resolution spectroscopy study of the electronic structure of the Ni(111) surface by scanning tunneling microscopy is presented. From the standing-wave pattern the electron dispersion of the surface state is determined using Fourier transform methods and compared with previous photoemission data. The dispersion parameters are found to change over a length scale of 30 nm whereas two dispersions with different binding energies but the same effective mass are found. The shifted dispersions could be resolved simultaneously at certain regions of the open terrace showing a splitting of the surface state by $\ensuremath{\Delta}E=60\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}15\text{ }\text{meV}$.
High-efficiency side diode pumped breech mount laser ignition (2007)

Breech Mounted Lasers (BMLs) have been successfully used to demonstrate laser ignition of howitzer propellant charges including bag, stick, and the Modular Artillery Charge System (MACS). BMLs have been integrated and tested on many artillery systems, including the US Army's M109A6 Paladin, M198, M777 Light Weight, Crusader, and Non-Line-of-Sight Cannon (NLOS-C). Until now, these lasers have been relatively large and inefficient systems based on a flashlamp pumped Nd:YAG laser design. Modern vehicle platforms will require smaller, more efficient lasers that can operate under increased shock and vibration loads. Kigre's new DPSS (Diode Pumped Solid State) lasers appear to meet these requirements. In this work we provide an evaluation of HESP (High Efficiency Side Pumped) DPSS laser design and performance with regard to its application as a practical artillery laser ignition system.
128. Low-temperature photochromism and its relation to thermochromism (1953)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
The Evolution of the Engine Noise Problem (1967)

DURING the 1950s noise around airports increased steadily with increasing traffic and size of aircraft. With the introduction of heavy jet transports the very different quality of noise (compared to piston engines) highlighted the problem and the upward trend had to be halted. This led to a considerable increase in effort to investigate the noise of turbojet engines.
Soy-derived Phosphate Ester Insertion on Polyurethane Synthesis (2012)

Polyurethane foams (PUF) were substantially manufactured from isocyanate TDI: MDI (70:30) and polyol; a ring-opening hydrolysis mechanism of epoxidized soybean oil with ethylene glycol (EG) in the presence of o-phosphoric acid 85 %. The amount of phosphoric acid, and their derivates were found to be significantly effected in replacing petroleum polyol until 100 %.
Self-physical rehabilitation system using the microsoft kinect (2014)

In this paper, We present a Self-Physical Rehabilitation System (SPRS) that assists patients to rehab correctly at home by themselves without physical therapists for solving the problem of access to medical service. SPRS uses KINECT to detect movement of patient's body while doing self-rehab and processing of data from motion detection of patients by KINECT to determine accuracy of gesture. This software that allows patients to exercises with 9 gestures of balance physical therapies which are Hip extension, Side Leg raise, Knee flexion, Hip flexion, Plantar flexion, Tandem walk, Side walk, Chair Stands, and Timed Up &Go. The results show SPRS allows patients rehab correctly with a slight error that better than exercise without assisted by software.
Building Projects Financial and Construction Control (1983)

The administration of building contracts has become increasingly complex. This paper outlined the procedures by which computers have been used to capture specification and schedule data. The data base is then used for all payment assessments, contract variations, and to monitor construction progress by critical path monitoring. The selection of hardware and development of software to achieve this is also mentioned.
Shapes and dynamics of miscible liquid/liquid interfaces in horizontal capillary tubes (2012)

We report optical observations of the dissolution behaviour of glycerol/water, soybean oil/hexane, and isobutyric acid (IBA)/water binary mixtures within horizontal capillary tubes. Tubes with diameters as small as 0.2mm were initially filled with one component of the binary mixture (solute) and then immersed into a solvent-filled thermostatic bath. Both ends of the tubes were open, and no pressure difference was applied between the ends. In the case of glycerol/water and soybean oil/hexane mixtures, we managed to isolate the dissolution (the interfacial mass transfer) from the hydrodynamic motion. Two phase boundaries moving from the ends into the middle section of the tube with the speeds v∼D(1/3)t(-2/3)d(2) (D,t and d are the coefficient of diffusion, time and the diameter of the tube, respectively) were observed. The boundaries slowly smeared but their smearing occurred considerably slower than their motion. The motion of the phase boundaries cannot be explained by the dependency of the diffusion coefficient on concentration, and should be explained by the effect of barodiffusion. The shapes of the solute/solvent boundaries are defined by the balance between gravity and surface tension effects. The contact line moved together with the bulk interface: no visible solute remained on the walls after the interface passage. Changes in temperature and in the ratio between gravity and capillary forces altered the apparent contact angles. The IBA/water system had different behaviour. Below the critical (consolute) point, no dissolution was observed: IBA and water behaved like two immiscible liquids, with the IBA phase being displaced from the tube by capillary pressure (the spontaneous imbibition process). Above the critical point, two IBA/water interfaces could be identified, however the interfaces did not penetrate much into the tube.
Density prediction of crystalline polymer sintered parts at various powder bed temperatures (2001)

The effect of powder bed temperature setting on the prediction of density of sintered parts produced by the selective laser sintering (SLS) process is reported. A crystalline polymer, nylon‐12 – commercially named Duraform polyamide – has been used in this work. To study the effect of the powder bed temperature, a two‐dimensional model of the sintering process for crystalline polymers has been developed. Latent heat has been considered in the model. Three powder bed temperature settings, 174, 178 and 182 ○ C, have been applied to study their effect on the sintered parts’ density and size accuracy. This paper only reports on density. Results show that at a powder bed temperature of 182 ○ C, a fully solid density, 970kg/m 3 , can be obtained at a default energy density of 0.0284J/mm 2 . By reducing powder bed temperature to 178 ○ C, at the same energy density, density of a sintered part decreases by about 4 per cent.
A Computational Model to Predict Aesthetic Quality of Text Elements of GUI (2016)

The role of aesthetics in determining usability of interactive systems has come under focus in recent time. The issue is relevant for Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) containing elements of widely varying nature. It is important to evaluate GUI aesthetically to determine their acceptability to the users. Computational models have been reported in the literature to perform objective assessment of interface aesthetics. However, the existing models only consider geometric features at the highest level, without considering the content inside the geometry. To address this issue, we propose a computational model to evaluate aesthetics of textual contents present on a GUI. The proposed model is based on empirical data collected from user studies. The model is a weighted sum of six features characterizing text: chromatic contrast, luminance contrast, font size, letter spacing, line height and word spacing. A separate validation study demonstrates the feasibility and potential of the model (showing 87% accuracy in model prediction), which is expected to be useful in predicting usability of a web page in a more refined way. Such modeling has its obvious implications in the context of engineering interactive systems. The proposed model along with the user studies are presented in this paper.
Increased Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Receptors (2006)

Our findings suggest that VEGF, its receptors, and Ang1 are likely to be important in vascular changes in the airways of patients with asthma. Further, there are observable structures in the vessel walls of asthmatic airways that could present ongoing evidence of increased angiogenic activity.
The effect of dehydration and ion stress on carbon dioxide fixation in drought-tolerant phototrophic micro-organisms (1990)

Two cyanobacterial strains, Crinalium epipsammum SAB 22.89 and Tychonema sp. SAB 23.89 and the green alga Klebsormidium flaccidum were examined for their ability to fix carbon during controlled dehydration. Additionally the cyano-bacterium C. epipsammum was subjected to dehydration in the presence of a range of NaCl concentrations in order to discriminate between the effects caused by either matrix or ionic forces. K. flaccidum and C. epipsammun were proved to be able to maintain full carbon-fixing activity until the water content approached zero.Tychonema sp. appeared to reduce its activity in an immediate response to becoming dehydrated. The experiments have further substantiated the view on the strategy of these three drought-tolerant organisms to oscillating water availability. The cyano-bacteria, as the initial colonizers inhabiting the barren sand, are able to react quickly to changing water availability, thereby improving the water retention quality for the green alga. The latter organism will function well in an environment with improved water retention characteristics. C. epipsammum demonstrated extensive differences in carbon-fixing activities during dehydration in the presence of various concentrations of NaCl. This implies that when C. epipsammum is dehydrated in soils low in salt, the water availability, which is given by the matrix water potential, is determining the photosynthetic activity, whereas in more saline soils (equivalent to 50 mM NaCl and higher) the versatility towards osmotic adjustment plays an important role.
Carrier Injection Electroluminescence in GaP (1962)

Two types of carrier injection electroluminescence can occur in . The luminescence resulting from minority carrier injection at a p‐n junction (p‐n luminescence) reported here and previously by others peaks near 5650 and 7000Aå in Zn‐doped . A much lower efficiency luminescence results from majority carrier excitation at electrode barriers in apparently junction‐free crystals and does not seem to result from an avalanche breakdown process. The emission spectrum for this form of excitation peaks at 5800 and 6500Aå and is the same for n‐ and p‐type material (with the addition of the 7000Aå "Zn" emission from Zn‐doped, p‐type material). The 5800Aå emission is attributed to recombination across the band gap, the 6500Aå emission to recombination at deep donor levels, and the 7000Aå emission to recombination at deep‐lying Zn acceptor levels. The 77°K photoluminescence peaking at 6300Aå, reported previously by others, is also attributed to recombination at the donor levels. The shift in the peak for the band gap emission to 5800Aå, rather than 5650Aå as in the corresponding p‐n luminescence band, is suggested to be caused by the high field at the electrode barrier. Photoluminescence and photoconduction excitation spectra were also obtained and are consistent with these hypotheses.
Evaluation of a live broadcast news subtitling system for portuguese (2008)

Broadcast news play an important role in our lives providing access to news, information and entertainment. The existence of subtitles is an important medium for inclusion of people with special needs and also an advantage on noisy and populated environments. In this work we will describe and evaluate a system for subtitling live broadcast news for RTP (Radio Televisao de Portugal) the Portuguese public broadcast company. Developing a fully automatic subtitling system is a huge breakthrough which results from the convergence of different research models and software developments to create a working system. Our online system has 12% word error rate for the displayed subtitles working under real time with an average latency of just 6.5 seconds.
Edge detection, classification, and measurement (2003)

An edge detector is proposed which consists of a pair of a pattern and a linear filter. It is shown that for an edge in the input signal, there is a scaled pattern in the filter response. The location of the pattern is the location of the edge, and the scaling factor of the pattern is the size of the edge. Therefore the problem of edge detection and measurement is reduced to searching for the (scaled) pattern in the filter response. In the presence of noise, the pattern matching is approximate. A statistical approach for the pattern search is proposed. Optimal detectors which minimize the effects of noise are studied; for white noise, the optimal detectors are natural splines. Testing results on real images are reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Heat Shock Protein 75 (TRAP1) Antagonizes Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Protects Cells from Granzyme M-mediated Apoptosis (2007)

Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in innate immunity against virally infected or transformed cells as the first defense line. Granzyme M (GzmM) is an orphan granzyme that is constitutively highly expressed in NK cells and is consistent with NK cell-mediated cytolysis. We recently demonstrated that GzmM induces caspase-dependent apoptosis with DNA fragmentation through direct cleavage of inhibitor of caspase-activated DNase (ICAD). However, the molecular mechanisms for GzmM-induced apoptosis are unclear. We found GzmM causes mitochondrial swelling and loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Moreover, GzmM initiates reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cytochrome c release. Heat shock protein 75 (HSP75, also known as TRAP1) acts as an antagonist of ROS and protects cells from GzmM-mediated apoptosis. GzmM cleaves TRAP1 and abolishes its antagonistic function to ROS, resulting in ROS accumulation. Silencing TRAP1 through RNA interference increases ROS accumulation, whereas TRAP1 overexpression attenuates ROS production. ROS accumulation is in accordance with the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and enhances GzmM-mediated apoptosis.
A New Secure OpenID Authentication Mechanism Using One-Time Password (OTP) (2011)

Nowadays, OpenID is a popular specification and provided by several large websites. It is decentralized, open standard to authenticate user's identity. We don't deny that OpenID has some disadvantages. In our proposal, we try to improve the performance of OpenID. The proposed OpenID authentication mechanism is embedded with One-time password (OTP) technology which solves the security problems of OpenID. We also illustrate the OpenID architecture with OTP and a typical authentication process between mobile terminal and OpenID provider. Finally, we analyses the system security and performance of OpenID. The results demonstrate the proposed authentication mechanism will be safer than the standard OpenID system.
Intracellular Conversion of Environmental Nitrate and Nitrite to Nitric Oxide with Resulting Developmental Toxicity to the Crustacean Daphnia magna (2010)

Results demonstrate that nitrite elicits developmental and reproductive toxicity at environmentally relevant concentrations due likely to its intracellular conversion to nitric oxide.
Radiolysis of Confined Water: Production and Reactivity of Hydroxyl Radicals (2004)

Der Einfluss der Porengröße auf die radiolytische Erzeugung von Hydroxylradikalen wurde für SiO2-Glaskörper mit Hohlräumen definierter Größe (controlled pore glasses, CPGs) an der HO.-induzierten Umwandlung von Cumarin in 7-Hydroxycumarin (7-OHC) untersucht. Die 7-OHC-Produktion ist bei kleineren Poren geringer (siehe Diagramm). Dieser Effekt wird nicht auf das Einfangen von HO. an der Wasser/SiO2-Grenzfläche zurückgeführt, sondern auf abweichende Diffusionseigenschaften im beengten Raum der Poren.
Water Loss Control Manual (2002)

Preface Acknowledgments Chapter 1: Introduction: Water Supplied and Water Lost Chapter 2: Understanding the Types of Water Loss Chapter 3: Traditional and Progressive Approaches to Water Loss: The Experiences of the United States and England Chapter 4: Evaluating Water Loss: Using Water Audits and Performance Indicators Chapter 5: Data Formatting and Management Chapter 6: Equipment and Techniques: Flow Metering, Pressure Measurement, Control, and Leak Detection Chapter 7: Modeling Water Losses Chapter 8: Completing the Audit and Determining Cost to Benefit Chapter 9: Potential Solutions for Controlling Water Losses Chapter 10: Reducing Real Losses in the Field: Active Leakage Management Chapter 11: Speed and Quality of Leak Repair Chapter 12: Pressure Management Chapter 13: Pipe Maintenance, Rehabilitation, and Replacement Chapter 14: Resolving Apparent Losses Chapter 15: Water Efficiency Programs Chapter 16: Using In-House Staff or a Contractor and Designing a Bid Document Chapter 17: Understanding Basic Hydraulics Chapter 18: Articles and Case Studies Appendix A: Water Accountability Appendix B: Meter Installation and Testing Appendix C: Types of Flowmeters Appendix D: Demand Profiling for Optimal Meter Sizing Appendix E: Pipe Properties Index
Shell-Detachable Micelles Based on Disulfide-Linked Block Copolymer As Potential Carrier for Intracellular Drug Delivery (2009)

Aiming at development of a micellar nanoparticle system for intracellular drug release triggered by glutathione in tumor cells, a disulfide-linked biodegradable diblock copolymer of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) and poly(ethyl ethylene phosphate) was synthesized. It formed biocompatible micelles loaded with doxorubicin in aqueous solution but detached the shell material under glutathione stimulus, resulting in rapid drug release with destruction of micellar structure. These glutathione-sensitive micelles also rapidly released the drug molecules intracellularly and led to enhanced growth inhibition to A549 tumor cells, suggesting that this nanoparticle system may have potential for improving drug delivery efficacy.
Rotational viscosity of nematic liquid crystals and their shear viscosity under flow alignment (1986)

Abstract The influence of molecular properties on the rotational viscosity, γ1, of nematic liquid crystals is studied. The shear viscosity under flow alignment, ηs, is determined for the same liquid crystals. A significant correlation between both quantities is found. An equation is presented which allows the calculation of γ1 from ηs with an error of about 20 per cent for the liquid crystals studied.
A Methodology for Soft Errors Detection and Automatic Recovery (2017)

Handling faults is a growing concern in HPC; higher error rates, larger detection intervals and silent faults are expected in the future. It is projected that, in exascale systems, errors will occur several times a day, and they will propagate to generate errors that will range from process crashes to corrupted results because of undetected errors. In this article, we propose a methodology that improves system reliability against transient faults, when running parallel message-passing applications. The proposed solution, based on process replication, has the goal of helping programmers and users of parallel scientific applications to achieve reliable executions with correct results. This work presents a characterization of the strategy, defining its behavior in the presence of faults and modeling the temporal costs of employing it. As a result, we show its efficacy and viability to tolerate transient faults in HPC systems.
Saturated Fat Consumption and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Ischemic Stroke (2017)

At a workshop to update the science linking saturated fatty acid (SAFA) consumption with the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and ischemic stroke, invited participants presented data on the consumption and bioavailability of SAFA and their functions in the body and food technology. Epidemiological methods and outcomes were related to the association between SAFA consumption and disease events and mortality. Participants reviewed the effects of SAFA on CHD, causal risk factors, and surrogate risk markers. Higher intakes of SAFA were not associated with higher risks of CHD or stroke apparently, but studies did not take macronutrient replacement into account. Replacing SAFA by cis-polyunsaturated fatty acids was associated with significant CHD risk reduction, which was confirmed by randomized controlled trials. SAFA reduction had little direct effect on stroke risk. Cohort studies suggest that the food matrix and source of SAFA have important health effects.