gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrahigh External Quantum Efficiency from Thin SnO<sub>2</sub> Nanowire Ultraviolet Photodetectors (2011)

Thin SnO2 nanowires with uniform dia­meter and large surface-to-volume ratio are synthesized, and a single wire is used to fabricate a high-performance UV photodetector. An ultrahigh external quantum efficiency of 1.32 × 107 is achieved, which is about four orders of magnitude larger than that of conventional SnO2 photodetectors.
A low-cost solution for developing reliable Linux-based space computers for on-board data handling (2009)

The space community is showing a growing interest for shifting from designs based on fully-custom components to a more cost- and time-effective approach based on commercial off the shelf components. As a result, there is a growing need for methods to develop quickly reliable on-board electronic systems that meet reliability constraints typical of space-oriented applications. The purpose of this paper is to present an approach for developing Linux-based on-board computers for data handling serving as building blocks for low-cost scientific satellites. The approach is based on a scalable technique that mixes hardware and software error detection techniques to balance implementation cost with dependability.
A simple interaction law for viscous–inviscid interaction (2009)

The viscous–inviscid interaction (VII) philosophy for modelling aerodynamic boundary layers is discussed. ‘Traditionally’ the shear-layer equations are solved with pressure prescribed by the inviscid flow, but then the solution breaks down in a singularity related to flow separation. In the quasi-simultaneous coupling approach this singularity is overcome by making use of an interaction law. A novel mathematical analysis is presented of the essential properties of such interaction laws, which is based on classical theory for non-negative matrices. The performance of a highly simplified interaction law is demonstrated for separated airfoil flow beyond maximum lift.
Potential of HILIC‐MS in quantitative bioanalysis of drugs and drug metabolites (2008)

One fundamental requirement for many lead optimization processes is the need for bioanalytical support within pharmaceutical drug discovery and development. Currently, most bioanalytical methods for pharmaceutical analysis employ HPLC coupled with MS/MS. The combination of HPLC and MS/MS detection frequently offers the complete resolution of the dosed compounds from their metabolites and the endogenous interferences to avoid extra efforts for chemical separation and sample clean-up procedures resulting in higher-throughput assays for a series of new chemical entities (NCEs). Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) has been demonstrated to be a powerful technique for the retention of polar analytes offering a difference in selectivity compared to traditional RP chromatography. This review summarizes the HILIC-MS/MS methods for the trace quantitative determinations of the drug compounds and their metabolites to support both in vitro and in vivo experiments. The challenges on performing HILIC-MS/MS assays such as matrix ionization suppression and the potential for endogenous interferences are also presented.
A secure and efficient voter-controlled anonymous election scheme (2005)

We propose an electronic voting (e-voting) scheme that combines user-centric mix networks with voter-verifiable receipts. Unlike traditional mixnet-based e-voting schemes, our scheme empowers voters; the voters themselves decide the degree of anonymity required. Voters requiring a greater degree of anonymity obtain it by performing several protocol iterations. The proposed scheme utilizes incoercible, voter-verifiable receipts. It is robust as no reasonable-sized coalition can interfere with the correct operation. Finally, it is efficient as the number of transmitted messages increases linearly with the number of voters.
PowerViP: SoC power estimation framework at transaction level (2006)

In this work, we propose a SoC power estimation framework built on our system-level simulation environment. Our framework provides designers with the system-level power profile in a cycle-accurate manner. We target the framework to run fast and accurately, which is enabled by adopting different modeling techniques depending on the power characteristics of various IP blocks. The framework can be applied to any target SoC design
Fault-Tolerant EM Algorithm for GMM in Sensor Networks. (2005)

Abstract-This paper presents a novel distributed scheme named fault-tolerant expectation maximization (FEM) algorithm for estimating the parameters of gaussian mixture model (GMM) in sensor network scenario where fault-tolerance and communication conservation are considered. The sensor network data are assumed to arise from a GMM. But several dimensions of some samples may not be available. Performing estimations in a series of subspaces, FEM is able to handle the incomplete data from sensor networks which have some malfunction sensors. Furthermore, FEM efficiently approximates the underlying distribution of sensor data by transferring limited parameters in each communication, which leads to the economization of power consumption. Both the experiments on synthetic dataset and real dataset demonstrate the performance of FEM in sensor network applications.
[Aprotinin-induced inhibition of pandemic influenza virus A(H1N1) reproduction]. (2011)

Infectivity of pandemic influenza virus A(H1N1) infectivity is shown to be activated through proteolytic cleavage of hemagglutinin HA0 --> HA1 + HA2 during virus propagation in the human intestinal cell line Caco-2 and chicken embryonated eggs. Injection of aprotinin, a natural serine protease inhibitor, into the liquid culture or allantoic cavity of chicken embryos inhibited the proteolysis of the viral HA0 and suppressed the proteolytic activation of the synthesized virus and its multicycle replication. These data allow aprotinin to be recommended as an antiviral drug for the treatment of swine influenza in humans.
Monoclonal antibodies to a MUC 4 peptide react with lung cancer (1997)

The cDNA of mucin 4 (MUC 4) has been cloned from human tracheo-bronchial cDNA library and MUG 4 was demonstrated to be expressed in normal tracheobronchial and colonic mucosa. However, as there are no antibodies available, there is little information on the distribution of MUC 4 on normal and malignant tissues. A 22 amino-acid peptide (M4.22), derived from the MUC 4 cDNA sequence was synthesized and used to immunise mice and 2 monoclonal antibodies were produced and characterized by ELISA, immunoperoxidase staining and flow cytometry. By ELISA the two anti-MUG 4 mAbs reacted with the immunizing peptide (M4.22), but not with peptides derived from other mucins. By immunoperoxidase staining the mAbs reacted with native mucin expressed in normal colon and to a lesser extent with stomach, but not with normal lung. By contrast, the mAbs reacted most strongly (similar to 70%) with lung cancers. Using six-mer overlapping peptides the minimum number of amino acids in the epitopes detected by the mAbs were TPL (M4.171) and PLPV (M4.275). MUC 4 detected by the mAbs was of a molecular mass (180 kDa) by Western blotting. Using anti-MUC 4 mAbs non-large cell lung cancers were found to be MUC 4 positive compared with normal lung tissues which were negative. By contrast, normal colon was strongly positive but the expression was decreased in colon cancer. These findings could have diagnostic and therapeutic implication for lung cancer.
Effects of Nicotine on Biological Systems II (1995)

Nicotine research has proliferated alarmingly in recent
An Induction Motor Drive Using a Resonant DC Link Inverter. (1996)

Abstract : New initiatives to increase the use of electrical power, such as the electric vehicle and the More Electric Airplane, have created a need for improved motor drives. The use of adjustable speed drives has recently received more attention in these applications because new circuit topologies and power components have been developed that have enabled improvements in efficiency, power density and response times. This study reports the design and simulation of an actively clamped resonant dc link inverter that will drive an induction motor based blower. The objective of this study is to design, build and test a resonant dc link (RDCL) inverter and compare the performance of a six-step control strategy with a pulse density modulation strategy in an adjustable speed drive. Comparisons are made between a hard switched pulse width modulation converter and an RDCL inverter. Theoretical and experimental power loss calculations of the RDCL inverter are compared and discussed. The performance of constant voltage/frequency adjustable speed control is presented.
A review of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) (2015)

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a new, non-invasive imaging technique that generates volumetric angiography images in a matter of seconds. This is a nascent technology with a potential wide applicability for retinal vascular disease. At present, level 1 evidence of the technology's clinical applications doesn't exist. In this paper, we introduce the technology, review the available English language publications regarding OCTA, and compare it with the current angiographic gold standards, fluorescein angiography (FA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). Finally we summarize its potential application to retinal vascular diseases. OCTA is quick and non-invasive, and provides volumetric data with the clinical capability of specifically localizing and delineating pathology along with the ability to show both structural and blood flow information in tandem. Its current limitations include a relatively small field of view, inability to show leakage, and proclivity for image artifact due to patient movement/blinking. Published studies hint at OCTA's potential efficacy in the evaluation of common ophthalmologic diseases such age related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy, artery and vein occlusions, and glaucoma. OCTA can detect changes in choroidal blood vessel flow and can elucidate the presence of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in a variety of conditions but especially in AMD. It provides a highly detailed view of the retinal vasculature, which allows for accurate delineation of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in diabetic eyes and detection of subtle microvascular abnormalities in diabetic and vascular occlusive eyes. Optic disc perfusion in glaucomatous eyes is notable as well on OCTA. Further studies are needed to more definitively determine OCTA's utility in the clinical setting and to establish if this technology may offer a non-invasive option of visualizing the retinal vasculature in detail.
Low Salivary Amylase Gene (AMY1) Copy Number Is Associated with Obesity and Gut Prevotella Abundance in Mexican Children and Adults (2018)

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified copy number variants (CNVs) associated with obesity in chromosomal regions 1p31.1, 10q11.22, 11q11, 16p12.3, and recently 1p21.1, which contains the salivary amylase gene (<i>AMY1</i>). Recent evidence suggests this enzyme may influence gut microbiota composition through carbohydrate (mainly starch) degradation. The role of these CNVs in obesity has been scarcely explored in the Latino population, and thus the aim of our study was to evaluate the association of 1p31.1, 10q11.22, 11q11, 16p12.3 and 1p21.1 CNVs with obesity in 921 Mexican children, to replicate significant associations in 920 Mexican adults, and to analyze the association of <i>AMY1</i> copy number with gut microbiota in 75 children and 45 adults. Of the five CNVs analyzed, 1q11 CNV was significantly associated with obesity in children, but not in adults. Only <i>AMY1</i> CNV was significantly associated with obesity in both age groups. Moreover, gut microbiota analyses revealed a positive correlation between <i>AMY1</i> copy number and <i>Prevotella</i> abundance. This genus has enzymes and gene clusters essential for complex polysaccharide degradation and utilization. To our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze the association of these five CNVs in the Mexican population and to report a correlation between <i>AMY1</i> CN and gut microbiota in humans.
Synovial fibroblasts of patients with rheumatoid arthritis attach to and invade normal human cartilage when engrafted into SCID mice. (1996)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been thought to be largely a T-cell-mediated disease. To evaluate the role of T-cell-independent pathways in RA, we examined the interaction between isolated RA synovial fibroblasts and normal human cartilage engrafted into SCID mice in the absence of T cells and other human cells. The expression of cartilage-de grading enzymes and adhesion molecules was examined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques. The RA synovial fibroblasts invaded the cartilage and kept their transformed appearing cellular shape. They expressed VCAM-1 and produced the cathepsins L and B at the site of invasion. We conclude that RA synovial fibroblasts maintain their invasive and destructive behavior over longer periods of time in the absence of human T cells, indicating that T-cell-independent pathways play a significant role in rheumatoid joint destruction.
Hyperspectral Image Analysis by Spectral–Spatial Processing and Anticipative Hybrid Extreme Rotation Forest Classification (2015)

Recent classification-oriented proposals to thematic maps building from hyperspectral images have used both semisupervised approaches and spatial information for correction of spectral classification. Semisupervised approaches enrich the training data set adding similar samples to each class, whereas spatial correction is based on the natural assumption of thematic class spatial compactness. In this paper, we propose and validate the following innovations: 1) a new spectral classifier, which is called anticipative hybrid extreme rotation forest (AHERF); 2) a spatial-spectral semisupervised approach; and 3) a final spatial classification correction step. The novel heterogeneous ensemble learning approach AHERF starts with a model selection phase, using a small subsample of the training data, in order to define a ranking-based selection probability distribution of the classifier architectures that will be used in the ensemble, so that the architecture best adapted to the data domain will be used more frequently to train individual classifiers in the ensemble. After this initial phase, AHERF trains a heterogeneous ensemble applying random rotations to bootstrapped samples of the remaining training data, aiming to obtain diversified and data-domain adapted individual classifiers. The natural assumption that spatially close pixels will most likely have highly correlated values is exploited in two phases of the process pipeline. First, semisupervised label assignment is supported by spectral similarity and spatial proximity. Unsupervised spectral similarity is detected by latent class discovery. In this paper, we use a clustering algorithm (i.e., k-means). Second, maximizing class spatial compactness removes classification errors that appear as speckle noise in the classification image. The whole approach aims to use minimal sets of labeled pixels for training, which we call the seed training data set. Testing results are computed over the entire image ground truth. For comparison, we provide results in several steps: 1) of classification by AHERF and competing classifiers built by semisupervised training and 2) after spatial correction. We validate the approach on several conventional benchmarking images, achieving results which are comparable with state-of-the-art approaches.
Depth perception through adaptive 3D view perspective and motion parallax (2015)

The past few years have shown the growth in three-dimensional (3D) content and stereoscopic 3D displays. These displays aim to provide realism through an illusion of depth to the viewers. However, stereoscopic 3D displays are only prevalent as larger format displays like television sets and cinemas because of specialized hardware requirements. This research provides a method for users to perceive depth through monocular depth cues and motion parallax on 2D displays. The system developed is composed of a head tracking system that detects the position and movement of the user and a 3D graphics feedback mechanism that changes the perspective as seen by the viewer. The overall system was implemented on a mobile tablet, with users viewing a scene on the display and making use of its front camera as input. The tests done with the system show that users can perceive depth through lateral and forward-backward head movements while viewing the screen. This change in perspective also provided users a different way to manipulate the displayed content through their head movement, opening up as an alternative input method for games and applications.
Preparation of PAC libraries. Final technical report (1997)

The goals of this project were to create P1 Artificial Chromosome (PAC) cloning vectors and use these vectors to generate, characterize, and distribute both human and mouse genomic PAC libraries to the scientific community.
A planar asymmetric Schottky barrier source/drain structure for nano-scale MOSFETs (2006)

An n-channel planar asymmetric Schottky barrier source/drain MOSFET (ASB), in which the source-side Schottky barrier is higher (0.9 eV, for PtSi) and the drain-side one is lower (0.2 eV, for ErSi), has been investigated. A fabrication proposal for nano-scale ASB devices has been put forward based on the spacer technique. This method is compatible with conventional CMOS processing. The characteristics of a 28 nm gate-length ASB device have been simulated with a numerical simulator, and the data are compared with the simulated results of corresponding conventional Schottky barrier MOSFETs. Comparison results have demonstrated that the ASB structure can efficiently suppress the leakage current and the Ion/Ioff ratio can be much improved.
Analysis of an estimator of the center frequency of a power spectrum (1968)

A method proposed by Pickard for estimating the center frequency of the power spectrum of a Gaussian process is analyzed in terms of the mean and variance of the estimator. Through limiting and differentiation, this method consists essentially of counting zero-crossings with positive and negative weights so that our analysis of the center-frequency estimator sheds some light on the zero-crossing problem. A simple expression for the variance of the estimator is obtained by a novel application of Price's theorem for zero-memory nonlinear devices with Gaussian inputs. The effects of nonideal limiting and, hence, nonideal counting upon the mean and variance of the estimator are examined in detail. The mathematical techniques employed are felt to have potential usefulness for related problems in communication theory.
Coupling between semiconductor quantum dots and two-dimensional surface plasmons (2005)

When $\mathrm{Cd}\mathrm{Se}∕\mathrm{Cd}\mathrm{S}$ core/shell quantum dots (QDs) are dispersed onto a two-dimensional (2D) textured Ag grating, their luminescent behavior is dramatically modified. Excited QDs can resonantly excite surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) propagating along the modulated metallic surface. The measurements of PL spectra and time-resolved PL spectra clearly indicate the interaction between QDs and 2D SPPs. The electromagnetic interaction between QDs and the 2D corrugated metal surface makes the luminescence be enhanced, polarized, and well directed.
Influence of in-plane anisotropy and eddy currents on the frequency spectra of the complex permeability of amorphous CoZr thin films (1993)

A broadband method for measuring the complex permeability of magnetic thin films, based on the measurement of the S parameters of a stripline and on the numerical solution of Laplace's equation according to the quasi-TEM (transverse electromagnetic) propagation mode, is presented. The method is applied to determine the permeability spectra of CoZr amorphous thin films in the 3 MHz to 3 GHz frequency range. The influence of the exciting magnetic field orientation with respect to the direction of the easy axis is studied. The influence of eddy current on the cutoff frequency observed for permeability spectra is analyzed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electrochemical Properties of RbAg[sub 4]I[sub 5] Solid Electrolyte (1973)

The author shows that cells having the structure Zn/RbAg/sub 4/I/sub 5//AgI,P or C(graphite)/RbAg/sub 4/I/sub 5//AgI,P may be used successfully as reserve type reduced-cost solid-state cells. 9 references.
[Deafness and Paget's disease]. (1975)

Cases of deafness due to Paget's disease can be separated into two types : (1) deafness of a mainly mixed type in which progressive aggravation occurs particularly in the inner ear, and (2) perceptional deafness which progresses without involvement of the transmission apparatus. Among 35 hospitalized patients with Paget's disease, 21 of whom suffered cranial involvement, 18 cases of deafness related to the bone disease were discovered by means of systematic examinations. The deafness was of the mixed type in 11 cases and of the perceptional type in the other 7. Of the 11 patients with the mixed type of deafness with an ankylosis syndrome of the ossicles, 3 were operated upon : one of them underwent an operation to mobilize the stapes, and the two others underwent total stapedectomy followed by venous interposition and the positioning of a Teflon piston. The long-term results were frankly disappointing and did not suggest that these attempts at surgical treatment should be followed up. Calcitonin was employed in 9 patients (6 with mixed deafness and 3 with perception type deafness), with comparative audiograms in 5 cases, and was also not very effective : this lack of effect was a result of the long duration of the Paget's disease and of the deafness in the patients treated. The value of hormonal treatment in cases of deafness associated with Paget's disease will probably be in the prevention of this complication.
Automated Road Extraction from High Resolution Multispectral Imagery (2004)

This work presents a novel methodology for fully automated road centerline extraction that exploits spectral content from high resolution multispectral images. Preliminary detection of candidate road centerline components is performed with Anti-parallel-edge Centerline Extraction (ACE). This is followed by constructing a road vector topology with a fuzzy grouping model that links nodes from a self-organized mapping of the ACE components. Following topology construction, a Self-Supervised Road Classification (SSRC) feedback loop is implemented to automate the process of training sample selection and refinement for a road class, as well as deriving practical spectral definitions for non-road classes. SSRC demonstrates a potential to provide dramatic improvement in road extraction results by exploiting spectral content. Road centerline extraction results are presented for three 1 m colorinfrared suburban scenes which show significant improvement following SSRC.
Differential expression of facilitative glucose transporters in normal and tumour kidney tissues (2007)

These results suggest that high-affinity GLUTs might have a major role in enhanced glucose uptake in kidney tumours, and that histopathological types are characterized by specific patterns of GLUT expression.