gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanostructured cerium oxide based catalysts: synthesis, physical properties, and catalytic performance (2015)

Cerium oxide is an extensively used industrial catalyst with applications as diverse as catalysts for automobile exhaust, petroleum cracking and organic chemicals synthesis. The catalytic activity of cerium oxide is dependent upon its structural properties, especially the oxygen vacancy defects. While recent advances in characterization techniques have dramatically improved our understanding of cerium oxide functionality, many atomic features in cerium oxide contributing to the overall catalytic reactivity are not yet well-understood. This dissertation focuses on the structural studies of catalytically active cerium oxides with different compositions, phases and morphologies, and their utilizations to establish fundamental understandings of cerium oxide based catalyst systems. Defect sites in reducible metal oxide nanomaterials such as cerium oxide play an important role in their catalytic activities. In this dissertation, nanostructured cerium oxides with different densities of oxygen vacancy defects have been synthesized. High density of oxygen vacancy defects has been shown to promote the dispersion, activity and self-regeneration ability of supported noble metal nanoparticles. Strong interactions between metal particles and metal oxide supports induce changes in the electronic structures of metal particles, such as oxidation state and valence band structure. Two studies on the strong metal-support interactions, the alteration of oxidation states of supported palladium particles under different redox environments and s-d orbital hybridization of supported gold nanoclusters, are presented in this dissertation. The morphology, size and shape of cerium oxide profoundly affect its reaction performance. Controlling the morphology of nanostructured catalyst allows selective exposure of reactive facets which improve catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability of the catalysts. This dissertation presents a study of the morphological effect of difference cerium oxide support structures on the catalytic activity of supported platinum particles towards alcohol electrooxidation. Cerium oxide demonstrates catalytic activity of generating reactive oxygen species towards Fenton-like reaction with hydrogen peroxide. This dissertation presents a study of singlet oxygen generation, one of the reactive oxygen species, through hydrogen peroxide decomposition. Chemical trap reagent of singlet oxygen has been demonstrated to exhibit photobleaching under photo-irradiation. The study also includes investigation of kinetics of singlet oxygen generation and elucidation of reaction order with respect to hydrogen peroxide. Advisor: Chin Li “Barry” Cheung
ARM6: a high performance low power consumption macrocell (2002)

A description is given of the ARM6, an ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit) CPU macrocell of 35530 transistors which offers high performance (28 K Dhrystones at 20 MHz) from an extremely small die size (3.1 mm*$1.9 mm on a 0.8- mu m CMOS process) and consumes very low levels of power (54 mW at 20 MHz at 3 V). The device has been designed to allow it to be easily incorporated into larger chip designs to meet the requirements of many of today's highly integrated products-for example, the ARM610 comprising ARM6, 4-kbyte cache, write buffer and memory management unit, and the ARM250, a single chip computer with integrated video controller, memory management unit, direct ROM and DRAM interface, and IO controller with counter timers and serial interface.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Six Component Dynamometer (1970)

The design of an extremely simple, cheap, six component dynamometer is described. It was originally designed for use on gear cutting machinery but is now used for many other purposes. The characteristics have been estimated and the test results are as expected. Its versatility is such that different versions can measure from ounces to hundreds of tons, and it supersedes all other designs for the majority of machining force measurements.
A wait-free queue for multiple enqueuers and multiple dequeuers using local preferences and pragmatic extensions (2009)

Queues are one of the most commonly used data structures in applications and operating systems [1]. Up-and-coming multi-core processors force software developers to consider data structures in order to make them thread-safe. But, in real-time systems, e.g., robotic controls, parallelization is even more complicated as such systems must guarantee to meet their mostly hard deadlines. A considerable amount of research has been carried out on wait-free objects [2] to achieve this. Wait-freedom can guarantee that each potentially concurrent thread completes its operation within a bounded number of steps. But applicable wait-free queues, which supports multiple enqueue, dequeue and read operations, do not exist yet. Therefore, we present a statically allocated and statically linked queue, which supports arbitrary concurrent operations. Our approach is also applicable in other scenarios, where unsorted queues with statically allocated elements are used. Moreover, we introduce ‘local preferences’ to minimize contention. But, as the response times of our enqueue operation directly depends on the fill level, the response times of a nearly filled queue still remain an issue. Moreover, our approach is jitter-prone with a varying fill level. In this paper, we also address all of these issues with an approach using a helping queue. The results show that we can decrease the worst case execution time by approximately factor twenty. Additionally, we reduce the average response times of potentially concurrent enqueue operations in our queue. To the best of our knowledge, our wait-free queue is the best known and practical solution for an unsorted thread-safe queue for multiple enqueuers, multiple dequeuers and mulitple readers.
Soluble Silver Acetylide for the Construction and Structural Conversion of All-Alkynyl-Stabilized High-Nuclearity Homoleptic Silver Clusters (2015)

Silver acetylide complex [Ag(ArC≡C)]n (Ar = 3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl) with unprecedented high solubility in common organic solvents has been designed and synthesized. The high solubility is due to two bulky tert-butyl substituents on the phenyl ring. This feature is significant to construct and isolate single crystals of all-alkynyl-stabilized silver clusters, which are crucial to investigate the intrinsic binding interaction and coordination modes between Ag(I) and ethynide ligands. Crystallization of [Ag(ArC≡C)]n under various conditions resulted in three high-nuclearity homoleptic silver acetylide clusters, namely, [Ag21(ArC≡C)20](OH) (1), [Ag16(ArC≡C)16] (2), and [Ag15(ArC≡C)15] (3). Complex 1 has a [Ag21] cluster protected by twenty 3,5-di-tert-butyl-phenylethynide ligands. Complexes 2 and 3 have neutral [Ag16] and [Ag15] clusters, respectively. In addition to these homoleptic silver clusters, two new silver acetylides [Ag20(ArC≡C)16(CH3COO)4] (4) and [Ag22(ArC≡C)16(NO3)4(CH3CH2OH)4](OH)2 (5) were synthesized. The acetate and nitrate anions in these structures are more like counterions instead of acting as critical building blocks or templates for cluster assembly. These results illustrated the significance of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-phenylethynide ligands in the construction and stabilization of high-nuclearity silver clusters. Analysis of structures of 1–5 revealed several novel coordination modes between Ag(I) and ethynide ligands, which contributed considerably to our knowledge of Ag(I)–ethynide binding interactions.
Cigarette smoke radicals and the role of free radicals in chemical carcinogenicity. (1997)

This article consists of two parts: a brief overview of the ways in which free radicals can be involved in chemical carcinogenesis, and a review of cigarette smoke chemistry. Carcinogenesis is generally agreed to involve at least three stages: initiation, promotion, and progression. It is suggested that radicals sometimes are involved in the initiation step, either in the oxidative activation of a procarcinogen (such as benzo[a]pyrene) to its carcinogenic form or in the binding of the carcinogenic species to DNA, or both. The fraction of initiation events that involve radicals, as opposed to two-electron steps, is not known, but radicals probably are involved in a substantial number, although probably not a majority, of cancer initiation reactions. Promotion always involves radicals, at least to some extent. Progression probably does not normally involve radicals. The second part of this article reviews the molecular mechanisms involved in cigarette-induced tumors, particularly by aqueous cigarette tar (ACT) extracts and by a model of these solutions, aged solutions of catechol. ACT solutions as well as aged solutions of catechol contain a quinone-hydroquinone-semiquinone system that can reduce oxygen to produce superoxide and hence hydrogen peroxide and the hydroxyl radical. Both the cigarette tar radical and the catechol-derived radical can penetrate viable cells, bind to DNA, and cause nicks.
Repeat-track SAS interferometry : feasibility study (2006)

Repeat track interferometry is a commonly used technology in Radar. It permits to obtain topography and elevation variation of ground. This technology is not used with sonar system, even though this configuration could provide interesting applications for underwater environnement knowledge. This paper presents a study on repeat-track interferometry feasibility with sonar system, and especially for synthetic aperture sonar (SAS). We shortly expose the SAS and interferometry principle in the first part. Then we present the multi-track interferometry and discuss on limitation. In a third part, experimental results based on data acquired with the experimental low frequency SAS (LFSAS) of GESMA (France), are detailed and we expose methods to circumvent problems induced by repeat-track interferometry. Finally we discuss on future strategies to improve the encouraging results we obtained.
Application of angle-only track to ballistic missile defense (1976)

Results are presented of an analysis of angle-only track in a ballistic missile defense (BMD) adjunct role. It is demonstrated that a ballistic trajectory is observable with an angle-only sensor mounted on an observation platform moving on a ballistic trajectory when the proper tracking filter is used to minimize the effects of observational bias. Results are shown on initialization of the angle-only filter using both deterministic schema and external satellite data and sensitivity to initial error is discussed. Possible uses of the method are given for BMD application.
Comparative chemical evaluation of two commercially available derivatives of hyaluronic acid (Hylaform® from rooster combs and Restylane® from streptococcus) used for soft tissue augmentation (1999)

Hyaluronic acid (HA) derivatives have been developed to try to enhance rheological properties of this molecule to make it suitable for various medical applications. The main dermatological application of HA derivatives is the augmentation of soft tissues, via injection into the dermis. HA derivatives are indicated for the correction of cutaneous contour deficiencies of the skin, particularly in cases of ageing or degenerative lesions or to increase lips. Two HA derivatives have been evaluated: Hylaform Viscoelastic Gel (Hylan B), derived from rooster combs and subjected to cross-linking, and Restylane, produced through bacterial fermentation (streptococci) and stabilized, as declared by the producer. In both cases the purpose is to improve HA theological characteristics and slow down its degradation once it is in contact with biological structures. Distribution of particle dimensions, pH, protein concentration and rheological properties have been investigated in order to evaluate their reliability as fillers for soft tissue augmentation. The results of the analyses showed that there are differences between Restylane and Hylaform. Especially as far as rheological characteristics are concerned, the results outline different structures of the products: Hylaform behaves as a strong hydrogel, Restylane as a weak hydrogel; rheologically Hylaform is clearly superior to Restylane. Hylaform contains a definitely minor quantity (about a quarter) of cross-linked hyaluronic acid than Restylane. Furthermore, although not declared by the manufacturer, Restylane contains protein, resulting from bacterial fermentation or added to enable cross-linking reaction; the quantity of proteins contained by Restylane can be as much as four times the quantity contained by Hylaform, for the same volume (1 ml). It is evident that Hylaform offers higher safety margin than Restylane. Furthermore, wide literature and 20 years of clinical experience on hyaluronan derived from rooster combs confirm the reliability of this derivative while we did not find evidence regarding about the safety of HA obtained from streptococcus.
Schneider Electric (2017)

Software SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) continuará a ser uma prioridade e um dos eixos de crescimento da Schneider Electric. [...] A Schneider Electric, especialista global em gestão de energia, irá discutir a sua estratégia SCADA para os próximos três anos. Beneficiando de uma posição de mercado favorável, a Schneider Electric pretende apostar cada vez mais num nicho de mercado especializado, que tem demonstrado um crescimento sólido e cada vez mais exigente na procura, por parte do consumidor final.
The Bioavailability of Astaxanthin Is Dependent on Both the Source and the Isomeric Variants of the Molecule (2016)

Astaxanthin is a marine carotenoid that has a number of potential health benefits, including a very strong antioxidant potential. Present in the flesh of salmonids and shellfish, its natural sources currently on the market for food supplements come from the algae Haematococcus pluvialis and krill. However other natural sources can be found and may be of interest. Cellular uptake studies were performed on Caco-2/TC7 colonic cells. The cells were cultured on a semi-permeable membrane to create a polarized and functional epithelium, representative of the intestinal barrier. Four sources of astaxanthin were selected and compared; synthetic, natural extracts from bacteria, algae or yeast. Astaxanthin was incorporated at a concentration of 5µM into mixed micelles and applied to cultured cells and concentration of astaxanthin measured by HPLC in both apical and basolateral compartments. Small variations in bioavailability were observed at 3 hours. After 6 hours, only the algae source of astaxanthin was still present in the apical compartment as the esterified form. Structure-activity relationships are further discussed. Animal experiments using yeast and algae sources in different types of matrices confirm the role of source and formulation in the bioavailability potential of astaxanthin.
Cardiac apoptosis: from organ failure to allograft rejection (2001)

Cardiac myocyte apoptosis has been extensively studied in the last few years. Increased interest in the field stems from the hope that pharmacological manipulation of apoptosis may become a valuable tool for preventing excessive cell death observed in different pathological conditions. This paper is not intended as a comprehensive overview of current research about life and death in the cardiovascular system, but rather as a concise update on new developments in areas that were highlighted in a recent series of excellent reviews. A short inventory of unsolved issues concerning the significance of cardiac myocyte loss through apoptosis in both physiological and pathological circumstances is addressed.
On the influence of crash helmets on whiplash injury to racing car drivers (1972)

Most racing organizations require drivers to wear protective head covering, usually in the form of a crash helmet. The added weight and inertia of such helmets can, under certain kinds of conditions, actually contribute to injury rather than reduce it. The problem may be accentuated by use of current, full-coverage style crash helmet. This paper discusses a simulation approach to the evaluation of additional injuries which may exist in rear-end collisions. The simulation model used has been validated by other work, and measured values of helmet mass and inertia are included for various types of helmets.
Complexity of the decidability of the unquantified set theory with a rank operator (1994)

The unquantified set theory MLSR containing the symbols ∪, ∖, ≠, ∈,R (R(x) is interpreted as a rank ofx) is considered. It is proved that there exists an algorithm which for any formulaQ of the MLSR theory decides whetherQ is true or not using the spacec|Q|3 (|Q| is the length ofQ).
Implementation of a Teen Pregnancy Prevention Program for Youth in Foster Care (2017)

Globally, the sexual and physical health of adolescents is of paramount concern. Teen pregnancy has been linked with socioeconomic disadvantage (Bissell, 2000), increased maternal mortality (Nove, Matthews, Neal, & Camacho, 2014), and poor child outcomes (Chen et al., 2007); while sexually transmitted diseases threaten to shorten life spans, increase disease burdens, and compound pregnancy complications (Glasier, Gülmezoglu, Scmid, Moreno, & Van Look, 2006). Although national teen birth rates have decreased to a historically low rate of 22.3 per 1,000 girls, research suggests that teen birth rates among foster care youths are disproportionately higher (Carpenter, Clyman, Davidson, & Steiner, 2001; Dworsky & Courtney, 2010). The National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancies (2015) reports that youths in foster care are nearly twice as likely to become pregnant compared with youths in the general population. Disparities faced by youths in the foster care system call for continued and focused work in the area of sexual health and pregnancy prevention.
The life history of Philiris philotas philotas (C. Felder) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) (2000)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Strong markov random field model (2004)

The strong Markov random field (strong-MRF) model is a submodel of the more general MRF-Gibbs model. The strong-MRF model defines a system whose field is Markovian with respect to a defined neighborhood, and all subneighborhoods are also Markovian. A checkerboard pattern is a perfect example of a strong Markovian system. Although the strong Markovian system requires a more stringent assumption about the field, it does have some very nice mathematical properties. One mathematical property is the ability to define the strong-MRF model with respect to its marginal distributions over the cliques. Also, a direct equivalence to the Analysis-of-Variance (ANOVA) log-linear construction can be proven. From this proof, the general ANOVA log-linear construction formula is acquired.
Opening the public network to customer access and control (2003)

Users of telecommunications services are demanding greater access and control over network facilities. Customer network management systems can help meet this need for customer-owned facilities. However, even private networks usually include facilities and software features provided within the public network. Customer network management requires that the public network be opened to allow more direct customer access and control. In this context, the public network includes both network systems and internal support systems. A number of products have been developed that provide the technical means for customer access and control in specific areas. There is also a need for a coordinated technical and operations strategy to meet all access and control requirements for a wide range of public network customers. The requirements and progress made at US West to develop such a plan are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Toward a Comfortable Driving Experience for a Self-Driving Shuttle Bus (2019)

The convergence of mechanical, electrical, and advanced ICT technologies, driven by artificial intelligence and 5G vehicle-to-everything (5G-V2X) connectivity, will help to develop high-performance autonomous driving vehicles and services that are usable and convenient for self-driving passengers. Despite widespread research on self-driving, user acceptance remains an essential part of successful market penetration; this forms the motivation behind studies on human factors associated with autonomous shuttle services. We address this by providing a comfortable driving experience while not compromising safety. We focus on the accelerations and jerks of vehicles to reduce the risk of motion sickness and to improve the driving experience for passengers. Furthermore, this study proposes a time-optimal velocity planning method for guaranteeing comfort criteria when an explicit reference path is given. The overall controller and planning method were verified using real-time, software-in-the-loop (SIL) environments for a real-time vehicle dynamics simulation; the performance was then compared with a typical planning approach. The proposed optimized planning shows a relatively better performance and enables a comfortable passenger experience in a self-driving shuttle bus according to the recommended criteria.
Thermolysin-catalyzed peptide bond synthesis. (1983)

The rates of the thermolysin-catalyzed synthesis of peptides have been determined by means of HPLC. In the condensation of various N-substituted amino acids and peptides with L-leucinanilide, the enzyme exhibits preference for a hydrophobic L-amino acid as the donor of the carbonyl group of the newly formed bond. The presence of another hydrophobic amino acid residue adjacent to the carbonyl-group donor markedly enhances the rate of synthesis. In general, the effect of structural changes in both the carboxyl and amine components of the condensation reaction is in accord with the available data on the primary and secondary specificities of the thermolysin-catalyzed hydrolysis of oligopeptide substrates. A kinetic study of the condensation of benzyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanine with various amine components has given data on the apparent kcat and Km values for the entry of the acidic component into the condensation reaction. The results are consistent with the behavior of rapid-equilibrium random bi-reactant systems leading to ternary enzyme-substrate complexes, with a synergistic effect in the binding of the two reactants at the active site. Because the changes in the apparent kcat for the entry of the same acidic component into reaction with different amine components are greater than those in the apparent Km, it is suggested that this synergism is largely expressed at the level of the transition-state complex.