gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anti Gd2-Immunoliposome-Mediated Targeting of [<sup>125</sup>I] Metaiodobenzylguanidine to Neuroblastoma and Melanoma Cells in Vitro (1999)

Patients with neuroblastoma (NB) are often refractory to metabolic radiotherapy with radioiodine-labelled metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG), generally due to low, if any, expression of the transporter molecule responsible for MIBG uptake in tumor cells. Delivery of anticancer drugs in sterically stabilized (polyethylene glycol (PEG)-containing) immunoliposomes (SIL) is an emerging tool for the selective delivery of antitumor drugs to cells expressing specific antigens. By taking advantage of receptor-mediated endocytosis of targeted liposomes, the delivery of MIBG to NB cells may be enhanced, bypassing the requirement for a drug-specific membrane transporter. NB cells, as well as some neuroectoderma-derived cell lineages, such as melanoma cells, express frequently disiaioganglioside GD2. This surface disiaioganglioside can, therefore, be utilized as a target to selectively deliver MIBG-loaded SILs to these GD2-expressing cells.We thus explored the feasibility to encapsulate 125I-MIBG into anti-GD2 immunoliposomes and investigated the cellular uptake and metabolism of SIL-MIBG compared to free MIBG in a panel of NB and melanoma cell lines in vitro. We successfully loaded free MIBG into stabilized liposomes and cova-iently coupled them to monoclonal anti-GD2 antibodies.The relative expression of MIBG-transporter and GD2 determined the degree of MIBG uptake. Uptake of SIL-encapsulated MIBG by all cell lines was higher than that of free MIBG, the only exception being the highly transport-competent, GD2-negative cell line SK-N-BE2c. Moreover, successful incorporation of MIBG in melanoma cells, which are inherently non competent in taking up the free drug, could be achieved by SIL-MIBG. Interestingly, the intracellular half-life of SIL-MIBG was significantly more prolonged than thai of free MIBG in all NB cell lines, which reportedly cannot efficiently store free MIBG in subcellular compartments. The retention of SIL-MIBG by NB and melanoma cells was similar to that observed with free MIBG in highly storage-efficient pheochromocytoma (PC) cells.Thus, targeting GD2-positive cells with specific MIBG-loaded immunoliposomes appears a novel strategy for tumor cell killing, regardless of their competence to specifically incorporate the free compound.
Bootstrapping in Gnutella: A Preliminary Measurement Study (2003)

To join an unstructured peer-to-peer network like Gnutella,\npeers have to execute a bootstrapping function in which they discover\nother on-line peers and connect to them. Until this bootstrapping\nstep is complete, a peer cannot participate in file sharing\nactivities. Once bootstrapping is complete, a peer’s experience is\nstrongly influenced by the choice of neighbor peers resulting from\nthe bootstrapping step. Despite its importance, there has been very\nlittle attention devoted to understanding the behavior of this bootstrapping\nfunction. In this paper, we study the bootstrapping process\nof a peer in the Gnutella network. This is a preliminary investigation,\nconsisting of 1) an analysis and performance comparison\nof bootstrapping algorithms of four Gnutella servent implementations,\n2) a measurement-based characterization of the global\nGnutella Web Caching System (GWebCaches), a primary component\nof the current bootstrapping functions, and 3) a study of the\nbehavior and experience of a single GWebCache that was setup\nlocally and made part of the global caching infrastructure. Our\nstudy highlights the importance of understanding the performance\nof the bootstrapping function as an integral part of a peer-to-peer\nsystem. We find that 1) there is considerable variation among various\nservent implementations that correlates to their bootstrapping\nperformance, 2) even though the GWebCache system is designed\nto operate as a truly distributed system in keeping with the peer-to-peer\nsystem philosophy, it actually operates more like a centralized\ninfrastructure function, and 3) the GWebCache system is subject\nto misreporting of peer and cache availability due to stale data and\nabsence of validity checks.
Dynamic Internal Cavities of Dendrimers as Constrained Media. A Study of Photochemical Isomerizations of Stilbene and Azobenzene Using Poly(alkyl aryl ether) Dendrimers (2012)

Dendritic microenvironments defined by dynamic internal cavities of a dendrimer were probed through geometric isomerization of stilbene and azobenzene. A third-generation poly(alkyl aryl ether) dendrimer with hydrophilic exterior and hydrophobic interior was used as a reaction cavity in aqueous medium. The dynamic inner cavity sizes were varied by utilizing alkyl linkers that connect the branch junctures from ethyl to n-pentyl moiety (C(2)G3-C(5)G3). Dendrimers constituted with n-pentyl linker were found to afford higher solubilities of stilbene and azobenzene. Direct irradiation of trans-stilbene showed that C(5)G3 and C(4)G3 dendrimers afforded considerable phenanthrene formation, in addition to cis-stilbene, whereas C(3)G3 and C(2)G3 gave only cis-stilbene. An electron-transfer sensitized trans-cis isomerization, using cresyl violet perchlorate as the sensitizer, also led to similar results. Thermal isomerization of cis-azobenzene to trans-azobenzene within dendritic microenvironments revealed that the activation energy of the cis- to trans-isomer was increasing in the series C(5)G3 < C(4)G3 <C(3)G3 <C(2)G3. With the change in the alkyl linker from C(5) to C(2), significant changes in the activation parameters were observed.
A novel fast online placement algorithm on 2D partially reconfigurable devices (2009)

In this paper, we propose a new strategy for online placement algorithm on 2D partially reconfigurable devices, termed the quad-corner (QC). The main differences between our algorithm and related art are quad-corner spreading capability and dynamical searching sequences. Moreover, existing algorithms do not evaluate their algorithms with real hardware tasks; we do experimentations with real hardware tasks on a real FPGA. Our proposal achieves better placement quality and fast online placement compared to existing approaches. Experiments with real workloads (e.g. MDCT, matrix multiplication, Hamming code, sorting, FIR, ADPCM, etc) on Virtex-4 show that the QC not only has 78% less penalty and 93% less wasted area than the existing algorithms on average but also has lower runtime overhead.
Semi-Adaptive Modal Control of On-Board Electronic Boards Using Frequencies Identification Method (2008)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Pulsed laser-induced forming of thin sheet metal (2010)

The experimental study regarding the laser bending of sheet metal parts of various shapes at different irradiation conditions is reported. The present work is carried out using Nd: YAG laser (average power of 200 W, pulse duration of 0.1 - 10 ms). Plates made of alloyed steel of various grades and having thickness from 0.3 to 1.1 mm were used as samples. Formation of laser beam path on the odd-shaped parts was executed by the programmable 6-axis robot Motoman SSF-2000.
Conformational kinetics in liquid <i>n</i>-butane by transition path sampling (2001)

A recent method for the study of transition states, transition path sampling, is applied to a classical problem of first order dynamics, the conformational transitions trans–gauche in pure liquid n-butane. Not only can the rate constant be calculated, but an ensemble of transition states can be extracted and analyzed as well. The results of the rate constant and the different distributions at the transition state are compared to those obtained from an equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation of the same system.
NovelPolymer Dielectrics forWaferLevelHighDensity Interconnect (2007)

Table.1Typical properties oftheplatform polymer Properties andprocessability ofa new class of Electrical .*. . .* ~~~~~~~~~Dielectric Constant (k): 2.4-2.5 thermosetting fluorinated polymer aredescribed. This Dissipation Factor: 0.001 polymer possesses excellent electrical properties (low dielectric constant andlowdielectric loss), opticalMoisture Uptake 0.2% @85C/85%RH properties (lowabsorption andlowbirefringence), mechanical properties, heatstability, andchemicalThermo -Mechanical Tg>350C durability duetoits fluorinated rigid backbone andhighly CTE:66ppm@30-150C
A New Classification System for the Actions of IRS Chemicals Traditionally Used For Malaria Control (2007)

Knowledge of how mosquitoes respond to insecticides is of paramount importance in understanding how an insecticide functions to prevent disease transmission. A suite of laboratory assays was used to quantitatively characterize mosquito responses to toxic, contact irritant, and non-contact spatial repellent actions of standard insecticides. Highly replicated tests of these compounds over a range of concentrations proved that all were toxic, some were contact irritants, and even fewer were non-contact repellents. Of many chemicals tested, three were selected for testing in experimental huts to confirm that chemical actions documented in laboratory tests are also expressed in the field. The laboratory tests showed the primary action of DDT is repellent, alphacypermethrin is irritant, and dieldrin is only toxic. These tests were followed with hut studies in Thailand against marked-released populations. DDT exhibited a highly protective level of repellency that kept mosquitoes outside of huts. Alphacypermethrin did not keep mosquitoes out, but its strong irritant action caused them to prematurely exit the treated house. Dieldrin was highly toxic but showed no irritant or repellent action. Based on the combination of laboratory and confirmatory field data, we propose a new paradigm for classifying chemicals used for vector control according to how the chemicals actually function to prevent disease transmission inside houses. The new classification scheme will characterize chemicals on the basis of spatial repellent, contact irritant and toxic actions.
Minimization of Deviations of Gear Real Tooth Surfaces Determined by Coordinate Measurements (1992)

Abstract The deviations of a gear’s real tooth surface from the theoretical surface are determined by coordinate measurements at the grid of the surface. A method has been developed to transform the deviations from Cartesian coordinates to those along the normal at the measurement locations. Equations are derived that relate the first order deviations with the adjustment to the manufacturing machine-tool settings. The deviations of the entire surface are minimized. The minimization is achieved by application of the least-square method for an overdetermined system of linear equations. The proposed method is illustrated with a numerical example for hypoid gear and pinion.
Lyapunov stability of linear predictor feedback for time-varying input delay (2009)

For LTI systems with a time-varying input delay, an explicit formula for predictor feedback was presented by Nihtila in 1991. In this note we construct a time-varying Lyapunov functional for the closed-loop system and establish exponential stability. The key challenge is the selection of a state for a transport PDE, which has a non-constant propagation speed, and which is the basis of the stability analysis. We illustrate the design and its conditions with several examples. We also develop an observer equivalent of the predictor feedback design, for the case of time-varying sensor delay.
Hemic Cell-Associated Mammary Tumor Virus Activity in BALB/cfC3H Mice2 (1974)

Mammary tumor virus (MTV) activity in hemic cells from different sources was studied under various experimental conditions to determine if non-nucleated reticulocytes or nucleated cells are carriers of blood-borne MTV (B-MTV). Comparisons were also made of the titer of MTV activity in hemic cells from different sources and between these cells and mammary tumor cells, which are carriers of B-type particles. Titration of B-MTV activity in blood cells of control, hemorrhagic-anemic, and hypertransfusion-induced polycythemic mice showed a lack of correlation between the numbers of circulating reticulocytes and the titer of MTV. However, the incidence of mammary nodules in polycythemic mice inoculated with mammary-tissue-borne MTV (M-MTV) was less than that of similar mice inoculated with B-MTV. Nucleated hemic cells were separated from the non-nucleated cells by selective lysis of the latter cells with NH4Cl or by immune hemolysis followed by differential centrifugation. Such cell preparations with solely or chiefly nucleated cells nevertheless contained MTV activity. These results indicate that virus activity associated with blood is carried by the nucleated cells (leukocytes and/or hematopoietic stem cells). MTV activity was detectable in nucleated hemic cells from all sources and the titer appeared less in circulating blood cells compared to those from other sources. Thus spleen and blood cells were considered the most suitable sources for B-MTV studies. MTV activity in mammary tumor cells was at least 10 times higher than in the nucleated hemic cells. However, accurate comparison was not feasible without proper identification of the cells containing B-MTV activity.
A Data Model for Environmental Observations (2008)

Hydrologic and other environmental scientists are beginning to use commercial database technologies to locate, assemble, analyze, and archive data. A data model that is both capable of handling the diversity of data and simple enough to be used by non-database professionals remains an open question. Over the past three years, we have been working in parallel on data models with
Systematic Mn d-configuration change in the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">La</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ca</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">MnO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>system: A Mn K-edge XAS study (1997)

Systematic Mn K-edge x-ray-absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements on samples of ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Ca}}_{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ are reported. Detailed results on the chemical shift and pre-edge feature spectral strength (both indicators of the Mn d-hole count) are discussed. The overall chemical shift across the series is compared to standard materials and is consistent with the identification of the endpoint perovskites with the ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{3+}$ and ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{4+}$ states. The detailed compositional dependence of the chemical shift and the strength of the pre-edge feature both indicate a uniform Ca-induced increase in the Mn d-hole count for x>0.2 and an anomalous break from this behavior for x values less than x\ensuremath{\approx}0.2. Careful x-ray-diffraction measurements of the lattice parameter variation are also found to manifest changes near x\ensuremath{\approx}0.2 and the chemical shift results are shown to scale with the lattice parameter results. Additional XAS results on air prepared and oxygen annealed samples reveal a variation in the chemical shift response to excess oxygen across this series. These XAS results are discussed in terms of the important Mn d-hole count variation across this system.
Integrating Behavior Cloning and Reinforcement Learning for Improved Performance in Dense and Sparse Reward Environments (2020)

This paper investigates how to efficiently transition and update policies, trained initially with demonstrations, using off-policy actor-critic reinforcement learning. It is well-known that techniques based on Learning from Demonstrations, for example behavior cloning, can lead to proficient policies given limited data. However, it is currently unclear how to efficiently update that policy using reinforcement learning as these approaches are inherently optimizing different objective functions. Previous works have used loss functions, which combine behavior cloning losses with reinforcement learning losses to enable this update. However, the components of these loss functions are often set anecdotally, and their individual contributions are not well understood. In this work, we propose the Cycle-of-Learning (CoL) framework that uses an actor-critic architecture with a loss function that combines behavior cloning and 1-step Q-learning losses with an off-policy pre-training step from human demonstrations. This enables transition from behavior cloning to reinforcement learning without performance degradation and improves reinforcement learning in terms of overall performance and training time. Additionally, we carefully study the composition of these combined losses and their impact on overall policy learning. We show that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art techniques for combining behavior cloning and reinforcement learning for both dense and sparse reward scenarios. Our results also suggest that directly including the behavior cloning loss on demonstration data helps to ensure stable learning and ground future policy updates.
Elevated uric acid correlates with wound severity (2011)

Chronic venous leg ulcers are a major health issue and represent an often overlooked area of biomedical research. Nevertheless, it is becoming increasingly evident that new approaches to enhance healing outcomes may arise through better understanding the processes involved in the formation of chronic wounds. We have for the first time shown that the terminal purine catabolite uric acid (UA) is elevated in wound fluid (WF) from chronic venous leg ulcers with relative concentrations correlating with wound chronicity. We have also shown a corresponding depletion in UA precursors, including adenosine, with increased wound severity. Further, we have shown that xanthine oxidase, the only enzyme in humans that catalyses the production of UA in conjunction with a burst of free radicals, is active in chronic WF. Taken together, this provides compelling evidence that xanthine oxidase may play a critical role in the formation of chronic wounds by prolonging the inflammatory process.
Physical and psychological changes with vigorous exercise in sedentary primigravidae (2000)

These data suggest that a vigorous exercise program can lead to significant improvements in aerobic fitness at similar lactate concentrations compared to a control group and can be well tolerated by low risk sedentary PRA without any deleterious effects occurring to herself or unborn child.
Characterization of a Novel Transferrin Receptor in Bovine Strains of <i>Pasteurella multocida</i> (2001)

Analysis of bovine respiratory isolates of Pasteurella multocida demonstrated that six of nine strains tested were capable of growth dependent upon bovine transferrin and of specifically binding ruminant transferrins. A single 82-kDa protein was affinity isolated from the P. multocida strains with immobilized bovine transferrin. In contrast to what has been observed in other species, binding of this protein to immobilized transferrin was specifically blocked by the N-lobe subfragment of bovine transferrin. A single gene encoding the 82-kDa protein was flanked by a leucyl-tRNA synthetase gene and an IS1060 element, in contrast to other species where genes encoding the two receptor proteins (TbpB and TbpA) are found in an operonic arrangement. A similar gene arrangement was observed in all of the receptor-positive strains, in spite of the observation that they belonged to different genomic groups. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of the receptor protein indicated that it is a member of the TonB-dependent outer membrane receptor family, and although it is related to transferrin and lactoferrin receptor proteins (TbpAs and LbpAs) from other species, it differs substantially from other members of this group. Amino acid alignments suggest that the reduced size (20 kDa smaller) of the P. multocida TbpA is primarily due to the absence of larger predicted external loops. Collectively these results suggest that P. multocida has a single, novel receptor protein (TbpA) that is capable of efficiently mediating iron acquisition from bovine transferrin without the involvement of a second receptor protein (TbpB).
[Clinical trial of IL-12 for cancer patients]. (1998)

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a cytokine that stimulates T cells and NK cells. It induces interferon-gamma and plays a unique role in promoting type 1 T helper cell responses. In various animal models, IL-12 has shown a therapeutic effect controlling growth of primary and metastatic tumors at nontoxic doses. On the basis of these findings, IL-12 is now under clinical trial. Fever, flu-like, general fatigue, arthralgia, myalgia, leukopenia, liver dysfunction and so on are the reported toxicities of IL-12. A dramatic decrease of IL-12 AUC after consecutive dosing of IL-12, production of IL-10 and temporal elevation of NK and LAK activities after IL-12 administration have also been observed. Several patients achieve PRs after the administration, but dramatic clinical responses have never been reported. Intensive research on the mechanisms of antitumor response of IL-12 in cancer patients should be very important to the successful development of IL-12 as an anti-cancer agent.
The Hurwitz Enumeration Problem of Branched Covers and Hodge Integrals (2001)

We use algebraic methods to compute the simple Hurwitz numbers for arbitrary source and target Riemann surfaces. For an elliptic curve target, we reproduce the results previously obtained by string theorists. Motivated by the Gromov-Witten potentials, we find a general generating function for the simple Hurwitz numbers in terms of the representation theory of the symmetric group S{sub n}. We also find a generating function for Hodge integrals on the moduli space {bar M}{sub g,2} of Riemann surfaces with two marked points, similar to that found by Faber and Pandharipande for the case of one marked point.
Ignition Delay Correlations for Neat Ethanol and Ethanol-DF2 Blends in a D.I. Diesel Engine (1984)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A study was conducted on a direct-injection, single-cylinder, research-type diesel engine to determine the effect of adding ethanol to diesel fuel on the ignition delay period. The tests covered the whole range of ethanol-DF2 blends: from 100% ethanol to 100% DF2. The test parameters were: the ethanol content, the intake-air properties, and the equivalence ratio. The ignition delay was measured by detecting the beginning of injection and the occurrence of a detectable pressure rise. The present results show that, for ethanol-DF2 blends, the pressure-rise delay decreases by increasing both the intake-air pressure and the intake-air temperature, and increases by increasing the ethanol content in the blend. Ignition delay correlations were developed in terms of air temperature, air pressure, and ethanol volumetric fraction. The global activation energy was determined and correlated with the cetane number for each blend.</div>