gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimum Target Detection using Illuminators of Opportunity (2006)

Unlike classical bistatic radars, passive radars make use of illuminators of opportunity to detect targets and to estimate target parameters. One existing radio transmission suitable for passive radar operation is the global system for mobile communication (GSM). For non-cooperative bistatic configurations, one of the major difficulties is the estimation of the reference signal which is required to perform detection. This reference signal, a priori unknown, can be extracted from the signal received at the antenna array provided the direction of arrival of the direct path signal is known. Conventional matched-filter based Doppler filtering offers the possibility of placing the target and interferences in a domain where they can be separated based on Doppler shift. However, slow moving targets residing near mainbeam clutter in the range-Doppler diagram, remain difficult to detect. Internal clutter motion (ICM) exacerbates this issue by spreading the clutter signal power in Doppler frequency. In this paper, we first present a method to estimate autonomously the direction of the illuminating GSM base station from measurements obtained with a two-element antenna array. We passively detect the azimuth of the transmitter without a priori knowledge of the environment. Spatial processing is then employed to attenuate the direct path signal and mitigate its influence on the target detection process. We then propose two methods able to cope with clutter echoes with non zero-Doppler components. We first propose an extension of a CLEAN-like algorithm. We also propose to extend adaptive matched filters to noise-like signals. The adapted matched filter can be used to suppress strictly static clutter but also clutter affected by ICM. These methods are validated by using actual clutter measurements obtained from a passive radar using a GSM base station as illuminator of opportunity.
Low-temperature epitaxy for thin-film silicon solar cells by ECRCVD-structural and electronic properties (2005)

The homo-epitaxial growth of crystalline Si films at low temperatures by electron-cyclotron resonance chemical-vapor deposition is studied. The presence of boron in the process is found to impede the crystal growth and facilitates the formation of extended defects, which can be made visible by defect etching. The analysis of the resulting etch pits by scanning electron microscopy reveals a high density of structural defects like dislocations and stacking faults. A correlation between the density of a pyramid-shaped etch pit and the photoluminescence spectra is discussed. The density of this etch pit was found to depend on substrate temperature and boron concentration. First solar cell results with an epitaxial grown boron-doped absorber layer are presented.
A systematic exploration of the interactions between bacterial effector proteins and host cell membranes (2017)

Membrane-bound organelles serve as platforms for the assembly of multi-protein complexes that function as hubs of signal transduction in eukaryotic cells. Microbial pathogens have evolved virulence factors that reprogram these host signaling responses, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we test the ability of ~200 type III and type IV effector proteins from six Gram-negative bacterial species to interact with the eukaryotic plasma membrane and intracellular organelles. We show that over 30% of the effectors localize to yeast and mammalian cell membranes, including a subset of previously uncharacterized Legionella effectors that appear to be able to regulate yeast vacuolar fusion. A combined genetic, cellular, and biochemical approach supports that some of the tested bacterial effectors can bind to membrane phospholipids and may regulate membrane trafficking. Finally, we show that the type III effector IpgB1 from Shigella flexneri may bind to acidic phospholipids and regulate actin filament dynamics.Microbial pathogens secrete effector proteins into host cells to affect cellular functions. Here, the authors use a yeast-based screen to study around 200 effectors from six bacterial species, showing that over 30% of them interact with the eukaryotic plasma membrane or intracellular organelles.
Release of Ferulic Acid from Wheat Bran by an Inducible Feruloyl Esterase from an Intestinal Bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus (2005)

In the present study, the production of a novel feruloyl esterase (FAE) from a typical human intestinal bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus using various carbon sources was investigated. The results showed that FAE activity was strongly induced by hemicellulosic substances, with the highest activity detected when de-starched wheat bran (DSWB) was used as a carbon source. Moreover, the production was stimulated by the monosaccharides xylose and arabinose, suggesting its particular secretion mechanism. With increasing levels of free ferulic acid (FA) added, the production of FAE increased, reached a peak and declined. Further, on addition of either xylanase or α-L-arabinofuranosidase, the amount of FA released from DSWB by the purified FAE from L. acidophilus increased from 0 to 12.4nmol and 3.64nmol, respectively. When the three enzymes existed together, 15.7nmol of FA was detected. These results indicated that xylanase is predominant and arabinofuranosidase subordinate in their synergistic effect on FA release by FAE.
Football Match Results Prediction Using Artificial Neural Networks; The Case of Iran Pro League (2014)

Predicting the results of sports matches is interesting to many, from fans to punters. It is also interesting as a research problem, in part due to its difficulty, because the result of a sports match is dependent on many factors, such as the morale of a team (or a player), skills, current score, etc. So even for sports experts, it is very hard to predict the exact results of sports matches. This research discusses using a machine learning approach, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), to predict the outcomes of one week, specifically applied to the Iran Pro League (IPL) 2013-2014 football matches. The data obtained from the past matches in the seven last leagues are used to make better predictions for the future matches. Results showed that neural networks have a remarkable ability to predict the results of football match results.
Characterization of bonded plates with Lamb and SH waves using a quasi-static approximation (2004)

International audience
Evidence for Participation of Aluminum in Neurofibrillary Tangle Formation and Growth in Alzheimer's Disease (2010)

This study examines hippocampal CA1 cells from brains of aged humans, with and without Alzheimer's disease, for hyperphosphorylated tau and aluminum during early neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) formation and growth. A very small proportion of hippocampal pyramidal cells contain cytoplasmic pools within their soma that either appear homogeneous or contain short filaments (i.e., early NFTs). The cytoplasmic pools are aggregates of an aluminum/hyperphosphorylated tau complex similar to that found in mature NFTs. The photographic evidence presented combines with existing evidence to support a role for aluminum in the formation and growth of NFTs in neurons of humans with Alzheimer's disease.
Construction and Production of an IgG-Like Tetravalent Bispecific Antibody, IgG–Single-Chain Fv Fusion (2013)

In recent years, both laboratory and clinical studies have demonstrated that bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) may have significant potential application in cancer therapy either by targeting tumor cells with cytotoxic agents including effector cells, radionuclides, drugs, and toxins, or by simultaneously blocking two tumor-associated targets, e.g., tumor growth factors and/or their cell surface receptors. A major obstacle in the development of BsAb has been the difficulty of producing the materials in sufficient quality and quantity by traditional technologies such as the hybrid hybridoma and chemical conjugation methods. The development of recombinant BsAbs as therapeutic agents will depend heavily on the advances made in the design of the constructs (or formats) and production efficiency. Here we describe a recombinant method for the construction and production of a tetravalent IgG-like BsAb molecule, IgG-scFv fusion, in which, a single-chain Fv (scFv) antibody fragment of one antigen specificity is genetically fused to the c-terminal of a conventional IgG of a different antigen specificity.
Thin-film transistor realized with a combined active layer (2006)

A combined active layer thin-film transistor is reported. The effective channel length of this planar thin-film transistor is only 1.2μm, and no high resolution lithography technology is necessary for the fabrication processes. A discontinuous metal film is deposited on the semiconductor layer to form the combined active layer. The on-state current for a 3mm channel width is about 31mA, which is sufficient for most flat panel display devices.
Response surface methodology (2010)

Abstract The purpose of this article is to provide a survey of the various stages in the development of response surface methodology (RSM). The coverage of these stages is organized in three parts that describe the evolution of RSM since its introduction in the early 1950s. Part I covers the period, 1951–1975, during which the so‐called classical RSM was developed. This includes a review of basic experimental designs for fitting linear response surface models, in addition to a description of methods for the determination of optimum operating conditions. Part II, which covers the period, 1976–1999, discusses more recent modeling techniques in RSM, in addition to a coverage of Taguchi's robust parameter design and its response surface alternative approach. Part III provides a coverage of further extensions and research directions in modern RSM. This includes discussions concerning response surface models with random effects, generalized linear models, and graphical techniques for comparing response surface designs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. This article is categorized under: Statistical Models > Linear Models Statistical Models > Nonlinear Models
A proposal of DNS-based adaptive load balancing method for mirror server systems and its implementation (2004)

In order to protect a server to become overloading due to concentration of accesses, a mirror server system is widely used for distributing the load to multiservers. For such a system, it is very important for users to select an appropriate one among the servers. In the previous systems, the DNS (domain name system) Round-Robin mechanism is widely adopted for this purpose, otherwise users must choose a server by themselves. Even in the former method, however, since all servers are evenly assigned to clients without any cares of the performance and process status of the servers, the load of each server is deflected. To solve the above problem, this article proposes a new adaptive load balancing method based on the ordinary DNS Round-Robin mechanism. In this proposal, a DNS server for the mirror-server system periodically probes the status of each server. For a query from each client, the DNS server changes its response from the probed results and IP address of the client. Finally, the prototype system of the proposal is implemented and the file transfer speeds of both the proposed method and Round-Robin DNS method are estimated for the mirror server system of RingServer Project in Japan.
SU-8 negative photoresist for optical mask manufacturing (2000)

The requirements for better control, linearity, and uniformity of critical dimension (CD) on photomasks in fabrication of 180 and 150 nm generation devices result in increasing demand for thinner, more etching durable, and more sensitive e-beam resists. Novolac based resists with chemical amplification have been a choice for their sensitivity and stability during etching. However, difficult CD control due to the acid catalyzer diffusion and quite narrow post exposure bake (PEB) process window are some of the major drawbacks of these resists. SU-8 is recently introduced to the market negative photoresist. High sensitivity, fairly good adhesion properties, and relatively simple processing of SU-8 make it a good substitution for novolac based chemically amplified negative e-beam resists in optical mask manufacturing. The replacement of traditional chemically amplified resists by SU- 8 can increase the process latitude and reduce resist costs. Among the obvious drawbacks of SU-8 are the use of solvent- based developer and demand of oxygen plasma for resist removal. In this paper the use of SU-8 for optical mask manufacturing is reported. All steps of resist film preparation, exposure and development are paid a share of attention. Possibilities to use reactive ion etching (RIE) with oxygen in order to increase resist mask contrast are discussed. Special exposure strategy (pattern outlining) was employed to further improve the edge definition. The resist PEB temperature and time were studied to estimate their weight in overall CD control performance. Specially designed test patterns with 0.25 micrometer design rule could be firmly transferred into a chromium layer both by wet etching and ion milling. Influence of exposure dose variation on the pattern CD change was studied.
Connecting genotypes, phenotypes and fitness: harnessing the power of <scp>CRISPR</scp> /Cas9 genome editing (2015)

One of the fundamental goals in evolution and ecology is to identify the genetic basis of adaptive phenotypes. Unfortunately, progress towards this goal has been hampered by a lack of genetic tools available for nonmodel organisms. The exciting new development of the CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)/Cas9 (CRISPR-associated nuclease 9) genome-editing system now promises to transform the field of molecular ecology by providing a versatile toolkit for manipulating the genome of a wide variety of organisms. Here, we review the numerous applications of this groundbreaking technology and provide a practical guide to the creation of genetic knockouts, transgenics and other related forms of gene manipulation in nonmodel organisms. We also specifically discuss the potential uses of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in ecological and evolutionary studies, which will further advance the field towards the long-standing goal of connecting genotypes, phenotypes and fitness.
El bufón y el cardenal: Leo Bassi, Santiago Sierra y la crisis de las caricaturas de Mahoma (2006)

Ante la crisis de las caricaturas de Mahoma, la izquierda -sobre todo en Espana- ha reaccionado mayoritariamente de una forma politicamente correcta, destacando el contexto de la crisis y valores como la tolerancia. Quiza por eso esa misma izquierda ha optado por esconder la cabeza bajo el ala cuando a Leo Bassi le han puesto primero una bomba en el teatro y le han obstaculizado la representacion de su obra despues.
The lowdown on high-rise chips (2004)

As today's silicon technology reaches its technical limits in many areas, developers are looking for new ways to design better chips. Typically, they look for ways to make chips faster, more energy efficient, and cost-effective, while still using current fabrication techniques and materials. In light of this, companies are working on high-rise, multilayer chips. Instead of laying out the vast majority of a chips' circuitry on a single layer of silicon, they are making chips with circuitry arranged vertically as well as horizontally.
A Compact Printed Filtering Antenna Using a Ground-Intruded Coupled Line Resonator (2011)

A compact printed filtering antenna with high band-edge gain selectivity is presented. Occupying about the same substrate area as a conventional antenna, the proposed structure not only serves as a radiator but also a second-order bandpass filter, with one filter pole provided by a Γ-shaped antenna and the other by a newly proposed coupled line resonator. High band-edge selectivity is achieved due to two additional stop-band transmission zeros provided by the coupled line resonator. To minimize the required area and reduce the spurious radiation, a coupled line structure composed of a microstrip line and a coplanar waveguide by broadside coupling is adopted and intruded into the Γ-shaped antenna area. According to the filter specifications, a design procedure for the proposed filtering antenna is depicted in detail. One example at 2.45 GHz with a second-order Chebyshev bandpass filter of 0.1 dB equal-ripple response is tackled. As compared to the conventional Γ -shaped antenna, the proposed filtering antenna not only possesses a similar antenna gain but also provides better band-edge gain selectivity and flat passband gain response. The measured results, including the S-parameters, total radiated power, and antenna gains versus frequency, have good agreement with the designed ones.
TANDI: threat assessment of network data and information (2006)

Current practice for combating cyber attacks typically use Intrusion Detection Sensors (IDSs) to passively detect and block multi-stage attacks. This work leverages Level-2 fusion that correlates IDS alerts belonging to the same attacker, and proposes a threat assessment algorithm to predict potential future attacker actions. The algorithm, TANDI, reduces the problem complexity by separating the models of the attacker's capability and opportunity, and fuse the two to determine the attacker's intent. Unlike traditional Bayesian-based approaches, which require assigning a large number of edge probabilities, the proposed Level-3 fusion procedure uses only 4 parameters. TANDI has been implemented and tested with randomly created attack sequences. The results demonstrate that TANDI predicts future attack actions accurately as long as the attack is not part of a coordinated attack and contains no insider threats. In the presence of abnormal attack events, TANDI will alarm the network analyst for further analysis. The attempt to evaluate a threat assessment algorithm via simulation is the first in the literature, and shall open up a new avenue in the area of high level fusion.
Nisvasatattvasamhita: The Earliest Surviving Saiva Tantra, vol. 1: A Critical and Annotated Translation of the Mulasutra, Uttarasutra and Nayasutra. Edited by Dominic Goodall in collaboration with Alexis Sanderson and Harunaga Isaacson with contr (2018)

   The Niśvāsatattvasaṃhitā: The Earliest Surviving Śaiva Tantra, vol. 1: A Critical and Annotated Translation of the Mūlasūtra, Uttarasūtra and Nayasūtra. Edited by Dominic Goodall in collaboration with Alexis Sanderson and Harunaga Isaacson with contributions of NiraJan Kaflr, Diwakar Acharya, and others. Collection Indologie, no. 128, Early Tantra Series, no. 1. Pondichéry: institut Français de Pondichéry, Paris: École Française d’Extrême-Orient, Hamburg: Asien-Afrika-Institut, Universität Hamburg, 2015. Pp. 662. Rs. 1200, €52.
Los nudos críticosde la política socialvenezolana de 1989 a 2001 (2003)

Los autores examinan la política social desde finales de la década de los 80 hasta los inicios de este nuevo milenio, específicamente en los segundos períodos de gobierno de Carlos Andrés Pérez y Rafael Caldera y el gobierno de Hugo Chávez. Con Pérez y Caldera, la política social siguió un enfoque regido por las necesidades del modelo de economía de mercado que mediante los programas de reestructuración y ajuste de la economía se intentó aplicar durante esos años. En 1999, con el ascenso de Hugo Chá-vez se producen una serie de cambios políticos y nuevos contenidos, aunque se repro-ducen viejos problemas. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los rasgos comunes que marcaron el desarrollo de la política social venezolana durante esos años.
A Study of the Conditions and Accuracy of the Thrombin Time Assay of Plasma Fibrinogen (1982)

The conditions, accuracy, precision and possible error of the thrombin time assay of plasma fibrinogen are determined. Comparison with an estimation of clottable protein by absorbance at 280 nm gave a correlation coefficient of 0.96 and the regression line y = 1.00 x + 0.56 (n = 34). Comparison with a radial immunodiffusion method yielded the correlation coefficient 0.97 and the regression line y = 1.18 x = 2.47 (n = 26). The presence of heparin in clinically applied concentrations produced a slight shortening of the clotting times. The resulting error in the estimated concentrations of fibrinogen was too small to affect the clinical usefulness of the determinations. The influence of fibrin(ogen) degradation products was significant only in excessive amounts in samples containing low levels of fibrinogen.
A mutation of the <i>mu</i> transmembrane that disrupts endoplasmic reticulum retention. Effects on association with accessory proteins and signal transduction. (1994)

The mu heavy chain has an unusually high content of hydroxyl-containing amino acids in its membrane-spanning region. We have examined the involvement of two of these hydrophilic residues in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention, interactions with Ig-alpha/Ig-beta, and transmembrane signaling. Neighboring tyrosine and serine residues were mutated to either phenylalanine and alanine (mutant YS/FA) or valine and valine (mutant YS/VV). Membrane Ig (mIgM) molecules containing these mutant mu chains were expressed on the surface of transfected B lymphoma cells. Anti-Ig-induced signaling by the YS/FA mutant mIgM was equivalent to wild-type (wt) mIgM, whereas signaling by the YS/VV mutant mIgM was notably diminished. Association between mutant YS/VV mIgM and Ig-alpha/Ig-beta was detectable but reduced in comparison to YS/FA or wt mIgM. Signaling by YS/VV mutant mIgM appeared to involve Ig-alpha/Ig-beta, because these proteins were tyrosine phosphorylated on receptor cross-linking. When YS/VV and wt mu chains were cotransfected with light chains into nonlymphoid cells, mutant mIgM was expressed at the cell surface in the absence of Ig-alpha/Ig-beta, whereas wt mIgM was not. These data suggest that the mutated residues contribute to ER retention and directly or indirectly to association with Ig-alpha/Ig-beta. Moreover, ER retention can be disrupted without preventing functional association with Ig-alpha/Ig-beta. In addition, these data indicate that the hydroxyl groups of the mutated residues are not required for functional association between mu and Ig-alpha/Ig-beta because their removal did not reduce the ability of the YS/FA mutant mIgM to associate with accessory proteins or to participate in signal transduction.