gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Indicator media for microorganisms degrading chlorinated pesticides (1975)

A bromocresol purple liquid indicator medium and an eosin-methylene blue agar have been developed for the demonstration and isolation of microorganisms able to degrade the chlorinated herbicide, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Plates of the eosin-methylene blue agar indicate individual 2,4-D-degrading bacterial colonies. Both indicator systems show the production of acid, presumably hydrochloric, during degradation of the 2,4-D in the media. Concentrations of 2,4-D required to give an acid reaction in media with varying concentrations of yeast extract were determined; the production of about 0.24 mmol of hydrochloric acid seems necessary to counteract the buffering effect of 100 mg of metabolized yeast extract. Acid production from the herbicide, 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid(MCPA), which in the salt form could yield only small amounts of hydrochloric acid, was inconsistent. The two indicator media should be useful in investigations of the microbial degradation of other acid-yielding halogenated pesticides.
Function-dependent Phase Transform in Quantum Computing (2000)

We construct a quantum algorithm that performs function-dependent phase transform and requires no initialization of an ancillary register. The algorithm recovers the initial state of an ancillary register regardless of whether its state is pure or mixed. Thus we can use any qubits as an ancillary register even though they are entangled with others and are occupied by other computational process. We also show that our algorithm is optimal in the sense of the number of function evaluations.
New chromatographic and biochemical strategies for quick preparative isolation of tRNA (2000)

A combination of hydrophobic chromatography on phenyl-Sepharose and reversed phase HPLC was used to purify individual tRNAs with high specific activity. The efficiency of chromatographic separation was enhanced by biochemical manipulations of the tRNA molecule, such as aminoacylation, formylation of the aminoacyl moiety and enzymatic deacylation. Optimal combinations are presented for three different cases. (i) tRNA(Phe) from Escherichia coli. This species was isolated by a combination of low pressure phenyl-Sepharose hydrophobic chromatography with RP-HPLC. (ii) tRNA(Ile) from E. coli: Aminoacylation increases the retention time for this tRNA in RP-HPLC. The recovered acylated intermediate is deacylated by reversion of the aminoacylation reaction and submitted to a second RP-HPLC run, in which deacylated tRNA(Ile) is recovered with high specific activity. (iii) tRNA(i)(Met) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The aminoacylated form of this tRNA is unstable. To increase stability, the aminoacylated form was formylated using E.coli: enzymes and, after one RP-HPLC step, the formylated derivative was deacylated using peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase from E.COLI: The tRNA(i)(Met) recovered after a second RP-HPLC run exhibited electrophoretic homogeneity and high specific activity upon aminoacylation. These combinations of chromatographic separation and biochemical modification can be readily adapted to the large-scale isolation of any particular tRNA.
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FOCAL SEGMENTAL GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS RECURRENCE IN ADULT RENAL TRANSPLANTATION (2010)

Huh, K. H.1; Kim, Y. S.1; Ju, M. K.2; Joo, D. J.3; Kim, M. S.3; Kim, S. I.3; Park, K.4 Author Information
Multiplication of a Human Parasite ( <i>Leishmania donovani</i> ) in Phagolysosomes of Hamster Macrophages in Vitro (1976)

Leishmania donovani, the etiological agent of human visceral leishmaniasis, was grown in hamster peritoneal macrophages in vitro. By electron microscopy, using a lysosomal marker, these parasitic protozoa were seen to multiply within host cell phagolysosomes. The survival mechanism of this intracellular parasite is based apparently upon resistance to macrophage lysosomal enzymic digestion.
Inheritance of DNA Methylation in <i>Coprinus cinereus</i> (1986)

We examined the inheritance of 5-methylcytosine residues at a centromere-linked locus in the basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus. Although methylated and unmethylated tracts were inherited both mitotically and meiotically the lengths of these tracts were variable. This variation was not confined to any one phase of the life cycle of the organism, and it usually involved the simultaneous de novo methylation of at least four HpaII-MspI sites. We also found that the higher levels of methylation at this locus were transmitted through meiosis, regardless of the level of methylation of the homologous chromosome.
José Ramón Brisquet, organista primero de la Catedral de Cuenca (1852-1855) (1996)

Conformational dynamics are essential for proteins to function. We adapted time-resolved serial crystallography developed at x-ray lasers to visualize protein motions using synchrotrons. We recorded the structural changes in the light-driven proton-pump bacteriorhodopsin over 200 milliseconds in time. The snapshot from the first 5 milliseconds after photoactivation shows structural changes associated with proton release at a quality comparable to that of previous x-ray laser experiments. From 10 to 15 milliseconds onwards, we observe large additional structural rearrangements up to 9 angstroms on the cytoplasmic side. Rotation of leucine-93 and phenylalanine-219 opens a hydrophobic barrier, leading to the formation of a water chain connecting the intracellular aspartic acid-96 with the retinal Schiff base. The formation of this proton wire recharges the membrane pump with a proton for the next cycle.
Mueller calculus of polarization change in the cube-corner retroreflector (2003)

The optical ray properties of the cube-corner retroreflector (CCR) are first recalled. The change of polarization of the radiation due to CCR reflection is then derived by use of the Mueller matrix calculus. It is found that, in general, when the faces are not ideal reflectors, the useful cross section of the CCR consists of six zones, each of which produces a different change of polarization, i.e., it gives a different Mueller matrix. All the Mueller matrices depend on wavelength. The results are quite general and can be used directly also for partially polarized radiation.
The influence of unity-in-variety on aesthetic appreciation of car interiors (2013)

Product designers can use a wide range of design principles to influence the appearance of new product designs. One of these principles, 'unity-in-variety', states that product designs combining a maximum of unity or order with as much variety as possible are the most aesthetically pleasing. Even though designers are thought to intuitively use the principle of unity-in-variety during the design process, it has never been empirically assessed whether they, similar to lay-men, also positively appreciate product designs that adhere to this principle. We show that for automotive design students both unity and variety can simultaneously and independently positively influence aesthetic appreciation of car interior designs. Furthermore, automotive design students attribute much more of the aesthetic appreciation of car interiors to unity, than they do to variety. We suggest that this difference arises because they are trained to attach more weight to the unifying aspects of a car interior design.
Parelaphostrongylus andersoni (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) and P. odocoilei in Two Cervid Definitive Hosts (1984)

Infectivity (as percentage of initial dose), location, orientation, and productivity (as maximum weekly larval output) of adult Parelaphostrongylus andersoni Prestwood, 1972 and P. odocoilei (Hobmaier and Hobmaier, 1934) were compared in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) (WTD) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) (MD). Fourteen WTD and 10 MD were exposed to third-stage larvae of P. andersoni or P. odocoilei. Infectivity was 20% and 31%, respectively, in 7 WTD and 4 MD exposed to P. andersoni and 45% in 6 MD exposed to P. odocoilei. No nematodes were recovered from 7 WTD exposed to P. odocoilei. Nematodes were usually found in pairs, although the sex ratio was 3 females: 2 males in all deer. Most adults (greater than 90%) were located in connective tissue within skeletal muscles of the host. Distribution among muscles varied with total number recovered and, perhaps, time after exposure. Productivity was 1,834 larvae/gram and 2,630 larvae/gram, respectively, in 8 WTD and 3 MD exposed to P. andersoni and 0.9 larvae/gram and 15,103 larvae/gram, respectively, in 7 WTD and 5 MD exposed to P. odocoilei. The data were similar for P. andersoni infections in the 2 deer species but markedly different for P. odocoilei in these hosts. These results represent the first experimental demonstration of infection of mule deer with P. andersoni, and illustrate its potential occurrence in these hosts in wild populations.
Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade is suppressed by low concentrations of dexamethasone in mast cells (1996)

Antigen stimulation of mast cells via the IgE receptor, Fc epsilon RI, results in recruitment of the cytosolic tyrosine kinases, Lyn and Syk, and the phosphorylation of proteins. We examined the effects of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone on these events in a cultured (RBL-2H3) mast cell line. Nanomolar concentrations of dexamethasone suppressed phosphorylation of proteins that were associated with the activation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase/phospholipase A2 pathway without inhibiting initial events. For example, tyrosine phosphorylation of the subunits of Fc epsilon RI, Lyn, or Syk or of the Ras-guanine nucleotide exchange factor, Vav, was not suppressed in cells treated with up to 1 microM dexamethasone. In contrast, phosphorylation of Raf1, MEK1, p42mapk, and cytosolic phospholipase A2, as well as the associated increase in MAP kinase activity and release of arachidonic acid, were markedly inhibited in cells treated with as little as 10 nM dexamethasone--a concentration that only partially inhibited hydrolysis of inositol phospholipids or release of secretory granules. Prolonged exposure to dexamethasone also resulted in a partial decrease in expression of MEK1, p42mapk, and cytosolic phospholipase A2, which may contribute further to the effects of dexamethasone on this pathway. Activation of the MAP kinase/phospholipase A2 pathway by the calcium-mobilizing agent thapsigargin was similarly suppressed in dexamethasone-treated cells. These findings suggested that an early step in the pathway, possibly a step immediately before the activation of Raf1, was suppressed by low concentrations of dexamethasone.
Enhanced Emission from Magnetron Cathodes (1951)

Existing theories of the static magnetron do not predict violation of the Hull cut-off condition or cathode bombardment. Measurements made at anode voltages and magnetic fields much larger than those used by earlier investigators revealed violations of the Hull cut-off condition considerably more pronounced than those previously reported, and much greater amounts of cathode bombardment. When sufficient cathode bombardment takes place, emission may be enhanced (through secondary emission) by a factor of ∼103 over the thermionic value. When enhanced emission occurs in magnetrons employing pure metal cathodes, it is found that maximum current limits exist for each magnetic field. These limits form a maximum current boundary on a voltage-current plot. The maximum current boundary depends on secondary emission properties of the cathode surface and on geometry. Experimental observations on enhanced emission, cathode bombardment, the maximum current boundary, and flow of anode current in violation of the Hull cut-off condition are combined into a self-consistent picture in static magnetrons employing pure metal cathodes. Although cathode bombardment and flow of anode current are still unexplained, their existence can account for the observed enhanced emission and maximum current boundary. In this it is unnecessary to endow the cathodes with anomalous thermionic or secondary emission properties. The process causing cathode bombardment, enhanced emission, and flow of anode current in violation of the Hull cut-off condition is believed to be an electronic interaction which occurs almost entirely in the relatively dense region of space charge surrounding the cathode. The significant factors influencing the interaction appear to be applied electric and magnetic fields, space charge density, and thickness of the space charge sheath. The basic problem of electronic interaction in the static magnetron is partially defined. It is expected that when a realistic solution to this problem exists, including a correct account of cathode bombardment, the occurrence of enhanced emission would be automatically predicted.
Metal-oxide gas sensor (2007)

Based on gas composition and response mechanism,the gas sensors are classified.This paper introduces the mechanism of the metal-oxide gas sensors and the technology of nanomaterials which plays a very important role on gas sensing.Synthesizing the metal-oxide nanoparticle with physical method and chemical method is studied.The developing trend of the gas sensor is introduced emphatically.
Shock Waves in Nonlinear Transmission Lines and Their Effect on Parametric Amplification (1960)

The propagation of a periodic signal on a transmission line with a nonlinearity in the distributed capacitance is examined. The signal is deformed during its propagation and electromagnetic shock waves are generated. It is pointed out that the shock wave will form in a distance which is short for any parametric amplification purposes. The subsequent growth of the shock and its decay, due to the inevitable dissipation associated with a shock, are analyzed assuming that the capacitance variations are small compared to the total capacitance. The propagation of a small deviation from a signal which is perfectly periodic in time is also examined, and it is shown that the small deviation may spread out in time but cannot be changed in its sign. This result was invoked in an earlier paper demonstrating the impossibility of parametric amplification on dispersionless nonlinear lines.
Illumination Invariant Face Recognition Using Near-Infrared Images (2007)

Most current face recognition systems are designed for indoor, cooperative-user applications. However, even in thus-constrained applications, most existing systems, academic and commercial, are compromised in accuracy by changes in environmental illumination. In this paper, we present a novel solution for illumination invariant face recognition for indoor, cooperative-user applications. First, we present an active near infrared (NIR) imaging system that is able to produce face images of good condition regardless of visible lights in the environment. Second, we show that the resulting face images encode intrinsic information of the face, subject only to a monotonic transform in the gray tone; based on this, we use local binary pattern (LBP) features to compensate for the monotonic transform, thus deriving an illumination invariant face representation. Then, we present methods for face recognition using NIR images; statistical learning algorithms are used to extract most discriminative features from a large pool of invariant LBP features and construct a highly accurate face matching engine. Finally, we present a system that is able to achieve accurate and fast face recognition in practice, in which a method is provided to deal with specular reflections of active NIR lights on eyeglasses, a critical issue in active NIR image-based face recognition. Extensive, comparative results are provided to evaluate the imaging hardware, the face and eye detection algorithms, and the face recognition algorithms and systems, with respect to various factors, including illumination, eyeglasses, time lapse, and ethnic groups.
69. Derivatives of methylene-blue (1933)

H. D. K. Drew and F. S. H. Head, J. Chem. Soc., 1933, 248 DOI: 10.1039/JR9330000248
Mixed Molecular Brushes with PLLA and PS Side Chains Prepared by AGET ATRP and Ring-Opening Polymerization (2006)

Brush macromolecules having poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) and poly(styrene) (PS) side chains were prepared on the backbone of partially esterified poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) by using a combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and ring-opening polymerization. The number-average degrees of polymerization of PLLA side chains and PS side chains were determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy, and the apparent molecular weights of the brush molecules were measured by gel permeation chromatography. The relationship between the crystallization of PLLA with PLLA and PS side chain lengths was investigated. Inside a brush molecule due to the unfavorable interaction between PLLA and PS two phases were formed. Brush molecules adsorbed on mica tend to make a starlike conformation; however, they change to a globular conformation after thermal treatment.
Analysis and design of tracking filters (1980)

This paper presents a study of tracking filters. Such filters are industrially important and useful in those applications requiring tight bandwidth control for obtaining improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). A "high-Q" tracking filter achieves good SNR and will "track" a wandering carrier frequency to maintain the same SNR. This paper outlines the analysis and design of tracking filters. The filter transfer function <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H_{TF}(s)</tex> and model will be presented. The transient responses will be predicted using the filter transfer function. Design procedures will also be outlined. These procedures will be used to design a typical tracking filter.
SENSOR SELECTION FOR RANDOM FIELD ESTIMATION IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS (2012)

这份报纸在无线传感器网络为随机的地评价学习传感器选择问题。作者首先证明选择在 D 最佳的标准下面最小化评价错误的一套 l 传感器是 NP 完全的。作者建议一个反复的算法追求一个非最优的答案。而且，联网以便改进带宽和无线传感器的精力效率，作者与使量子化的大小和研究为一个 Gaussian 随机的领域建议一个最好的线性不偏的评估者相应传感器选择问题。在未知协变性矩阵的情况中，作者用大小为协变性矩阵建议一个评估者并且也分析这个评估者的敏感。模拟结果显示出建议算法的好表演。
Phase Separation Process in Poly(ε-caprolactone)−Epoxy Blends (1999)

Phase separation process in poly(ε-caprolactone)−epoxy blends (PCL−epoxy) cured by 4,4‘-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) was investigated by OM and SEM. The blend compositions higher than the critical point exhibit macrophase separation by the spinodal decomposition (SD) mechanism of the epoxy and results in the epoxy particles being dispersed in the matrix. These epoxy particles grow larger gradually and connect to each other to give macrophase epoxy domains with irregular shape. After that, two more stages of microphase separations take place via a nucleation and growth (NG) mechanism and result in smaller epoxy particles being dispersed in the matrix. Blend compositions lower than the critical point exhibit the SD or NG mechanisms of PCL, but the microphase separation is observed only within the epoxy matrix. These phase separation mechanisms can be illustrated successfully by the phase diagram constructed by the spinodal and binodal curves. Hydrogen bonding between protons from the epoxy with carbonyls from PCL has been investigated by FTIR. The mixing free energy reduction by the hydrogen bonding can contribute to the LCST behavior rather than the UCST behavior predicted by the Flory−Huggins equation based on only nonpolar interactions.
Equivalent Circuits and Characteristics of Inhomogeneous Nonsymmetrical Coupled-Iine Two-Port Circuits (Short Papers) (1977)

The equivalent circuits and the properties of nonsymmetrical coupled-line two-port prototype circuits in an inhomogeneous medium are presented. Potential applications include both symmetrical and non-symmetrical circuits for narrow- and wide-band applications as filters and impedance transformers.
Gene mining: a novel and powerful ensemble decision approach to hunting for disease genes using microarray expression profiling (2004)

Current applications of microarrays focus on precise classification or discovery of biological types, for example tumor versus normal phenotypes in cancer research. Several challenging scientific tasks in the post-genomic epoch, like hunting for the genes underlying complex diseases from genome-wide gene expression profiles and thereby building the corresponding gene networks, are largely overlooked because of the lack of an efficient analysis approach. We have thus developed an innovative ensemble decision approach, which can efficiently perform multiple gene mining tasks. An application of this approach to analyze two publicly available data sets (colon data and leukemia data) identified 20 highly significant colon cancer genes and 23 highly significant molecular signatures for refining the acute leukemia phenotype, most of which have been verified either by biological experiments or by alternative analysis approaches. Furthermore, the globally optimal gene subsets identified by the novel approach have so far achieved the highest accuracy for classification of colon cancer tissue types. Establishment of this analysis strategy has offered the promise of advancing microarray technology as a means of deciphering the involved genetic complexities of complex diseases.
[Clinical diagnosis: open surgical biopsies]. (1993)

The main goal of an open biopsy in the breast is directed towards confirmation or exclusion of suspected cancer. The curved incision parallel to the areolar line must allow excision of the tumor completely. Persisting isolated lumps should be extirpated even if by all other diagnostic means they seem to be benign. Cases of pathologic secretion (tumors, suspicious cytology, significant galactography, abundant secretion) need surgical intervention as well. The clinical value of homologue biopsies taken from the contralateral breast in cases of breast cancer on one side is questionable.
Effects of kaolinite as a reflective antitranspirant on leaf temperature, transpiration, photosynthesis, and water‐use efficiency (1970)

Transpiration and photosynthesis are influenced by the optical properties of leaves. Application of a uniform white coating of kaolinite (about 225 mg dm −2 ) to the upper leaf surface produced significant changes in the spectral curves (reflectivity, transmissivity, and absorptivity) of Valencia orange leaves. Photosynthetic light response curves of leaves of orange, lemon, rubber plant (all hypostomatous), and bean (amphibiostomatous) were modified by the reflective material, which at low light intensities decreased photosynthetic rates and increased light saturation levels. The white coating cooled the leaves 3–4°C and reduced transpiration 22–28% under conditions of high light intensity, warm air, low relative humidity, and low wind velocity. However the rubber plant under the same conditions showed a smaller reduction in transpiration (less than 10%), indicating effective self‐regulation of its water loss. These experiments demonstrated that water‐use efficiency of leaves can be improved, particularly under high light intensities.
Power-to-heat for renewable energy integration: A review of technologies, modeling approaches, and flexibility potentials (2018)

A flexible coupling of power and heat sectors can contribute to both renewable energy integration and decarbonization. We present a literature review of model-based analyses in this field, focusing on residential heating. We compare geographical and temporal research scopes and identify state-of-the-art analytical model formulations, particularly considering heat pumps and thermal storage. While numerical findings are idiosyncratic to specific assumptions, a synthesis of results indicates that power-to-heat technologies can cost-effectively contribute to fossil fuel substitution, renewable integration, and decarbonization. Heat pumps and passive thermal storage emerge as particularly favorable options.