gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the number of reproductives contributing to a half-sib progeny array (2000)

We address various statistical aspects of biological parentage in multi-offspring broods that arise via multiple paternity or multiple maternity and, hence, consist of mixtures of full- and half-sibs. Conditioned on population genetic parameters, computer simulations described herein permit estimation of: (1) the mean number of offspring needed to detect all parental gametes in a brood and (2) the relationship between the number of distinct parental gametes found in a brood and the number of parents. Results are relevant to the design of empirical studies employing molecular markers to assess genetic parentage in polygynous or polyandrous species with large broods, such as are found in many fishes, amphibians, insects, plants and other groups. The utility of this approach is illustrated using two empirical data sets.
Managed Care Discounting: Evidence from the MarketScan Database (2004)

The paper examines price discounting by health maintenance organizations (HMOs) and preferred provider organizations (PPOs) in markets for hospital services. Our empirical analysis focuses on transaction prices for angioplasty, which is a relatively common procedure with well-defined "product" characteristics. After controlling for patient and procedure heterogeneity and market power, we find that on average angioplasty prices are 8% lower for PPOs than for fee-for-service plans, followed by point-of-service HMOs, which capture a 24% discount. Our results are in general agreement with earlier work by Cutler, McClellan, and Newhouse (2000), who show that managed care discounts are "real," after accounting for case severity and process of care.
New active islanding detection scheme for constant power and constant current controlled inverter‐based distributed generation (2013)

This study presents an active islanding detection scheme based on voltage positive feedback control strategy in synchronous d – q frame with a variable voltage gain. The proposed method employs the injection of a variable voltage gain at the DG end in order to monitor the responses of the proposed islanding detection technique. In this study, a complex frequency‐dependent ZIP‐exponential load model is included to assess the impact of load's active power frequency dependence on the performance of the proposed islanding detection scheme. The upper and lower limits of the voltage gain are designed for constant power and constant current controlled inverter with frequency‐dependent ZIP‐exponential load. The complete scheme is developed and tested in MATLAB/simulink environment and the results obtained after extensive testing indicate that the proposed scheme can be reliably detect islanding events in distributed generation.
연구논문 : 임상실습시기별 간호학생이 지각하는 간호사의 이미지 변화 (2004)

Purpose: This study aims to identify changing image of nurse before and after the first clinical experience, and before graduate. Method: The subjects were 69 nursing students. All of them had their first clinical experience for 1 week during sophomore year. The Nurse`s Image was measured before and after the 1st clinical experience, and before graduation. Collected data were analyzed by using repeated measure ANOVA and pair wise comparison method. Results: 1. The mean score for the Nurse`s Image overall held by after 1st clinical experience(3.78±.38) was more positive than those held by before graduation(3.50± .49) and before 1st clinical experience(3.35± .36). 2. For the four subscales (F=25.673 p= .000), the mean score of traditional(F=10.394 P= .000), Social(F=11.673 P= .000), Professional(F=17.341 P= .000) and personal Image(F=19.463 P= .000) were more positive than before graduation and before 1st clinical experience. Conclusion: Summarizing, after the nursing students had their 1st clinical training, the nurse`s image perceived by them was positively improved compared to before the training. However, by the time of graduation the improved nurse`s image was declined back. Therefore it is necessary to develop proper out-to field training program that will help to maintain and furthermore improve nurse`s image.
Early stages of growth of gold layers sputter deposited on glass and silicon substrates (2012)

Extremely thin gold layers were sputter deposited on glass and silicon substrates, and their thickness and morphology were studied by Rutherford backscattering (RBS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) methods. The deposited layers change from discontinuous to continuous ones for longer deposition times. While the deposition rate on the silicon substrate is constant, nearly independent on the layer thickness, the rate on the glass substrate increases with increasing layer thickness. The observed dependence can be explained by a simple kinetic model, taking into account different sticking probabilities of gold atoms on a bare glass substrate and regions with gold coverage. Detailed analysis of the shape of the RBS gold signal shows that in the initial stages of the deposition, the gold layers on the glass substrate consist of gold islands with significantly different thicknesses. These findings were confirmed by AFM measurements, too. Gold coverage of the silicon substrate is rather homogeneous, consisting of tiny gold grains, but a pronounced worm-like structure is formed for the layer thickness at electrical continuity threshold. On the glass substrate, the gold clusters of different sizes are clearly observed. For later deposition stages, a clear tendency of the gold atoms to aggregate into larger clusters of approximately the same size is observed. At later deposition stages, gold clusters of up to 100 nm in diameter are formed.
DIAMAGNETIC LEVITATION - HISTORICAL MILESTONES (2007)

Nowadays scientists can easily levitate diamagnetic substances in the powerful field of a superconducting magnet. Pyrolytic graphite and strong NdFeB permanent magnets can be bought by every levitation enthusiast for building his own levitation device. But the way towards this was long. First of all diamagnetism had to be discovered and investigated in detail. Then the theoretical fundament for diamagnetic levitation had to be set. And of course suitable technologies had to be developed and tested for practical demonstrations of diamagnetic levitation. At all it took 161 years from discovery of diamagnetism to the first practical levitation demonstration. This paper gives an overview on this historical development and additionally emphasises the most important achievements from the very beginning up to now. 1.
Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Effective Image Analysis : DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A DEEP PIXEL-WISE SEGMENTATION ARCHITECTURE (2017)

This master thesis presents the process of designing and implementing a CNN-based architecture for image recognition included in a larger project in the field of fashion recommendation with deep learning. Concretely, the presented network aims to perform localization and segmentation tasks. Therefore, an accurate analysis of the most well-known localization and segmentation networks in the state of the art has been performed. Afterwards, a multi-task network performing RoI pixel-wise segmentation has been created. This proposal solves the detected weaknesses of the pre-existing networks in the field of application, i.e. fashion recommendation. These weaknesses are basically related with the lack of a fine-grained quality of the segmentation and problems with computational efficiency. When it comes to improve the details of the segmentation, this network proposes to work pixel- wise, i.e. performing a classification task for each of the pixels of the image. Thus, the network is more suitable to detect all the details presented in the analysed images. However, a pixel-wise task requires working in pixel resolution, which implies that the number of operations to perform is usually large. To reduce the total number of operations to perform in the network and increase the computational efficiency, this pixel-wise segmentation is only done in the meaningful regions of the image (Regions of Interest), which are also computed in the network (RoI masks). Then, after a study of the more recent deep learning libraries, the network has been successfully implemented. Finally, to prove the correct operation of the design, a set of experiments have been satisfactorily conducted. In this sense, it must be noted that the evaluation of the results obtained during testing phase with respect to the most well-known architectures is out of the scope of this thesis as the experimental conditions, especially in terms of dataset, have not been suitable for doing so. Nevertheless, the proposed network is totally prepared to perform this evaluation in the future, when the required experimental conditions are available.
The Regulation of Alfalfa Saponin Extract on Key Genes Involved in Hepatic Cholesterol Metabolism in Hyperlipidemic Rats (2014)

To investigate the cholesterol-lowering effects of alfalfa saponin extract (ASE) and its regulation mechanism on some key genes involved in cholesterol metabolism, 40 healthy 7 weeks old male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups with 10 rats in each group: control group, hyperlipidemic group, ASE treatment group, ASE prevention group. The body weight gain, relative liver weight and serum lipid 1evels of rats were determined. Total cholesterol (TC) and total bile acids (TBA) levels in liver and feces were also measured. Furthermore, the activity and mRNA expressions of Hmgcr, Acat2, Cyp7a1 and Ldlr were investigated. The results showed the following: (1) The abnormal serum lipid levels in hyperlipidemic rats were ameliorated by ASE administration (both ASE prevention group and treatment group) (P<0.05). (2) Both ASE administration to hyperlipidemic rats significantly reduced liver TC and increased liver TBA level (P<0.05). TC and TBA levels in feces of hyperlipidemic rats were remarkably elevated by both ASE administration (P<0.05). (3) mRNA expressions of Hmgcr and Acat2 in the liver of hyperlipidemic rats were remarkably down-regulated (P<0.05), as well as mRNA expressions of Cyp7a1 and Ldlr were dramatically up-regulated by both ASE administration (P<0.05). The activities of these enzymes also paralleled the observed changes in mRNA levels. (4) There was no significant difference between ASE treatment and ASE prevention group for most parameters evaluated. Our present study indicated that ASE had cholesterol-lowering effects. The possible mechanism could be attributed to (1) the down-regulation of Hmgcr and Acat2, as well as up-regulation of Cyp7a1 and Ldlr in the liver of hyperlipidemic rats, which was involved in cholesterol biosynthesis, uptake, and efflux pathway; (2) the increase in excretion of cholesterol. The findings in our study suggested ASE had great potential usefulness as a natural agent for treating hyperlipidemia.
Alkylated Cresols from Refinery Gases (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkylated Cresols from Refinery GasesWhitney WeinrichCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1943, 35, 3, 264–272Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50399a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50399a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views193Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Visual Enhancement of Myelinated Tissues in the Central Nervous System of the Rat Using Sudan Black B (1990)

Abstract : This report investigated the quantitative distribution of radio labelled compounds in the central nervous system of the rate using autoradiographic techniques. To complement our autoradiographic images, we searched for a suitable fiber stain delineating myelinated structures using fresh frozen tissue. Surprisingly, the majority of staining procedures were exclusive to fixed tissues. These techniques applied to fresh frozen brain tissue produced poor differentiation of myelinated and nonmyelinated areas and were generally unsatisfactory. Therefore, we preformed a series of studies using lipid soluble dyes such as oil red O, Luxol fast blue, hematoxylin and Nile blue in an effort to enhance differentiation of myelin. We found Sudan black B to be superior to enhance differentiation of myelin. We found Sudan black B to be superior for our purpose.
Untersuchungen zur ambulanten und perioperativen Augeninnendrucksenkung mit organischen Nitraten* (1980)

Intravenously administered nitroglycerin lowers intraocular pressure both in glaucoma patients and healthy subjects. The effect is dose-related. The use of the drug in ocular hypotensive therapy before and after surgery is suggested. Nitrates administered orally (isosorbide dinitrate 2 x 40 mg daily, depot form) bring about a comparable lowering of IOP and are suitable for outpatient treatment.
Concept of polarization entropy in optical scattering (1995)

We consider the application of the general theory of unitary matrices to problems of wave scattering involving polarized waves. Haying outlined useful parameterizations of the low dimensional groups associated with these unitary matrices, we develop a general processing strategy, which we suggest has application in the extraction of physical information from a range of scattering matrices in optics. Examples are presented of applying the unitary matrix structure to problems of single and multiple scattering from a cloud of random particles. The techniques are best suited to characterization of depolarizing systems, where the scattered waves undergo a change of degree as well as polarization state. The degree of disorder of the system is then quantified by a scalar, the polarimetric entropy, defined from the eigenvalues of a scattering matrix that ranges from 0 for systems with zero scattering to 1 for perfect depolarizers. Further, we show that the unitary matrix parameterization can be used to extract important system information from the eigenvectors of this matrix.
Retroviral vector production for gene therapy applications (2001)

The production of retroviral vectors for gene therapy applications faces a number of challenges. Of primary concern is the low titre of vector stocks produced by packaging cells in culture and the inherent instability of retroviral vector activity.\n\nA systematic investigation of culture parameters that can effect vector titre was conducted. Physical and chemical factors including temperature, pH, medium composition, dissolved oxygen and serum concentration were all assessed. In addition, a number of studies were undertaken to assess the effects of packaging cell growth rate on vector production.\n\nThe use of a packed bed, as a novel system for large-scale vector production, was also investigated. Prolonged production of retroviral vector stocks was demonstrated in the packed bed system with immobilised packaging cells. Determination of the critical culture parameters allowed optimisation of culture conditions, which can be continuously controlled in the packed bed system, thereby ensuring optimal vector production throughout the production period. Furthermore, vector decay rates can be reduced by the immediate collection of vectors into a recovery vessel.\n\nThe studies within this thesis will aid the development of appropriate procedures for the large-scale production and handling of retroviral vector stocks for human gene therapy applications.\n
Nano “Fly Paper” Technology for the Capture of Circulating Tumor Cells (2011)

Some efficient diagnosis and therapy systems require the isolation and quantification of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), since these species are important "biomarkers" for monitoring cancer metastasis and prognosis. Existing techniques for isolating/counting CTCs include immunomagnetic-bead-based separation and microfluidic capture. However, some of these techniques have low capture efficiency and low specificity. Through the use of a three-dimensional (3D) nanostructured substrate - specifically, a silicon-nanowire (SiNW) array coated with epithelial-cell-adhesion-molecule antibodies (anti-EpCAM) - we show that CTCs can be captured efficiently and specifically. Unlike conventional methods for isolating CTCs that depend on collision frequency and contact duration, nanoscaled local topographic interactions between the CTCs and the substrate increase their binding and markedly enhance capture efficiency.
Delineation of AbrB-binding sites on the Bacillus subtilis spo0H, kinB, ftsAZ, and pbpE promoters and use of a derived homology to identify a previously unsuspected binding site in the bsuB1 methylase promote (1995)

DNase I footprinting experiments showed that AbrB binds to the regulatory regions of the spo0H, kinB, ftsAZ, and pbpE genes. A conserved motif was found in these and other AbrB-binding sites. A search for Bacillus subtilis DNA sequences containing this motif led to the prediction that AbrB would bind to the promoter controlling the bsuB1 methylase gene. DNase I footprinting experiments confirmed this prediction.
Diagnosis and repair in multiprocessor systems (1993)

Diagnosis of multiprocessor systems in which faulty processors can be replaced by spares or repaired is known as sequential diagnosis. A generalization is considered of classical sequential diagnosis, referred to as diagnosis and repair, under a probabilistic model for the faults and test outcomes in a system. It is shown that correct diagnosis and repair of all faulty processors can be achieved with high probability in a large class of systems including, for example, rings, grids, meshes, tori, and hypercubes. These results show, without restrictive assumptions on the behavior of faulty processors, that correct diagnosis can be achieved in these widely used, low-degree systems when a fixed percentage of the processors in the system are faulty.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Process Capability Analysis for Non-Normal Quality Characteristics Using Gamma Distribution (2007)

In today's ultra competitive business environment, it is becoming more critical than ever to assess precisely process losses due to non-compliance of customer specifications. To assess these losses, industry is widely using process capability indices for performance evaluation of their processes. Determination of the performance capability of a stable process using the standard process capability indices (Cp, Cpk) requires that the quality characteristics of the underlying process data should follow a normal distribution. Departures from this normality assumption could lead to erroneous results when applying conventional statistical capability measures which are based on the assumption. Many researchers have been investigating solutions to the non-normality problem. This paper explores application of an innovated method [1] based on Burr distribution for Process Capability Index (PCI) calculations when the quality characteristics data is not normal. A simulation study using Gamma distribution is conducted and simulation results are then compared with the commonly used Clements' method. Finally, a case study based on the proposed method will be presented using real data.
Development and Field Applications of Roller Cone Bits with Balanced Cutting Structure (2001)

Abstract A roller cone bit with balanced cutting structure is developed in this paper. A balanced cutting structure refers to energy balancing and/or force balancing. This paper describes why traditional roller cone bits are unbalanced, how the balancing condition of an existing roller cone bit is evaluated by a computer drilling simulator, and how an unbalanced cutting structure can be balanced by a design optimization procedure. Finally, bit performance in the field is discussed and compared with offset bits. It is found that a force balanced roller cone bit has better durability and drills faster than the offset bit.
Distribution, Expression, and Motif Variability of Ankyrin Domain Genes in <i>Wolbachia pipientis</i> (2005)

The endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia pipientis infects a wide range of arthropods, in which it induces a variety of reproductive phenotypes, including cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), parthenogenesis, male killing, and reversal of genetic sex determination. The recent sequencing and annotation of the first Wolbachia genome revealed an unusually high number of genes encoding ankyrin domain (ANK) repeats. These ANK genes are likely to be important in mediating the Wolbachia-host interaction. In this work we determined the distribution and expression of the different ANK genes found in the sequenced Wolbachia wMel genome in nine Wolbachia strains that induce different phenotypic effects in their hosts. A comparison of the ANK genes of wMel and the non-CI-inducing wAu Wolbachia strain revealed significant differences between the strains. This was reflected in sequence variability in shared genes that could result in alterations in the encoded proteins, such as motif deletions, amino acid insertions, and in some cases disruptions due to insertion of transposable elements and premature stops. In addition, one wMel ANK gene, which is part of an operon, was absent in the wAu genome. These variations are likely to affect the affinity, function, and cellular location of the predicted proteins encoded by these genes.
Magnetic properties of mesoscopic ultrathin magnetic films with uniaxial anisotropy (2000)

We study magnetic properties of micron- and submicron-scale ultrathin ferromagnetic films with uniaxial anisotropy by means of a two-dimensional Ising model with both exchange and dipolar interactions using both a mean field approximation and a Monte Carlo method. We find that, in those films, the size of the surface area is an important parameter to determine their magnetic properties. In particular, we find three lattice size ranges A, B, and C. In the range A (small lattices), the model exhibits properties similar to those of a usual Ising model. In the range B (moderate lattices), the specific heat exhibits a double peak around T1 and T2 (&lt;T1) and the magnetization increases abruptly around T2 like that in the first order phase transition. In the range C (large lattices), the magnetization does not increase but the specific heat still exhibits a double peak. In usual materials, the crossover length between the ranges A and B will be of order of submicrons. Then a special attention should be paid to their sizes for analyzing their magnetic properties.