gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distillation characteristics and a procedure for calculating the operating pressure of a self-reflux internal heat-intergrated distillation system with a heat pump. (1991)

適切に調整された原料供給条件のもとでは, 実質的に系外からの加熱・冷却を必要としない, Fig.2に示す新しいヒートポンプ付き自己還流内部熱交換形蒸留システムを提案した.また, 内部熱交換形蒸留システムにおける操作圧力を蒸留塔内の組成分布と蒸留ユニットの熱伝達係数および蒸留1段相当高さ当りの伝熱面積から求める算出法を提案し, これを上記システムの液体空気系におけるシミュレーション計算に適用, その有用性を明らかにした。シミュレーションの結果は, このシステムが広範な製品仕様に対応できる汎用性のある蒸留システムであることを示している.また, 提案したシステムは濃縮塔コンデンサの熱負荷を増加させると留出, 缶出流量が一定であっても留出組成は向上し, 缶出組成は低下するという.通常の蒸留システムでは見られない特異な挙動を示すことも明らかとなった.
Properties, inducibility, and an improved method of analysis of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in cultured human lymphocytes. (1975)

The properties and inducibility of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) in cultured human lymphocytes were studied, and a sensitive method of analysis has been developed. In agreement with other reports, peripheral blood lymphocytes per se had no activity and required pretreatment in culture with a mitogen for conversion to lymphoblasts to possess AHH activity. This activity had an absolute requirement for reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Under our conditions of incubation, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (1.3 mM) or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (1 mM), when added to reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-fortified incubation mixture, caused about 30% increase in activity and MnCl2 caused an appreciable inhibition. The reaction was linear with the number of cells, with up to 16.8 X 10-6 cells contained in the incubation mixture, and had a pH optimum of 8.5. The enzyme was fairly stable at -70 degrees and retained about 90% of the original activity for 15 days. The enzyme activity in the mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte cultures appeared slowly and reached a maximum at 48 to 72 hr of incubation at 37 degrees, after which it considerably decayed with time. Viability of the cells in culture also decayed considerably after 72 hr and reached about 50% level at 120 hr. The enzyme was inducible with 3-methylcholanthrene and dibenz(a,h)anthracene. Dibenz(a,h)anthracene was a much more potent inducer than 3-methylcholanthrene and evoked a response in cells that would be considered noninducible with 3-methylcholanthrene. By using purified lymphocytes and Roswell Park Memorial Institute Medium 1640, providing larger surface area during culture, harvesting the cells at the time of minimum cell death and maximum AHH activity, and assaying AHH at its pH optimum of 8.5 instead of 7.6, it was possible to enhance the sensitivity of the assay an average of 17-fold.
Purine loss after repeated sprint bouts in humans (1999)

The influence of the number of sprint bouts on purine loss was examined in nine men (age 24.8 +/- 1.6 yr, weight 76 +/- 3.9 kg, peak O(2) consumption 3.87 +/- 0.16 l/min) who performed either one (B1), four (B4), or eight (B8) 10-s sprints on a cycle ergometer, 1 wk apart, in a randomized order. Forearm venous plasma inosine, hypoxanthine (Hx), and uric acid concentrations were measured at rest and during 120 min of recovery. Urinary inosine, Hx, and uric acid excretion were also measured before and 24 h after exercise. During the first 120 min of recovery, plasma inosine and Hx concentrations, and urinary Hx excretion rate, were progressively higher (P < 0.05) with an increasing number of sprint bouts. Plasma uric acid concentration was higher (P < 0.05) in B8 compared with B1 and B4 after 45, 60, and 120 min of recovery. Total urinary excretion of purines (inosine + Hx + uric acid) was higher (P < 0. 05) at 2 h of recovery after B8 (537 +/- 59 micromol) compared with the other trials (B1: 270 +/- 76; B4: 327 +/- 59 micromol). These results indicate that the loss of purine from the body was enhanced by increasing the number of intermittent 10-s sprint bouts.
Impact of Clinically Relevant Mutations on the Pharmacoregulation and Signaling Bias of the Calcium-Sensing Receptor by Positive and Negative Allosteric Modulators (2013)

Cinacalcet is predominantly used to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism due to end-stage renal failure, but, more recently, its potential clinical efficacy in treating patients with loss-of-function mutations in the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) has been recognized. Many clinically relevant CaSR mutations are located in the heptahelical membrane spanning and extracellular loop regions of the receptor, where allosteric modulators are predicted to bind. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of such mutations on the pharmacoregulation of the CaSR by the positive and negative allosteric modulators, cinacalcet and NPS-2143, respectively. Both cinacalcet and NPS-2143 effectively rescued mutants whose cell surface expression was substantially impaired, suggesting that both classes of drug can stabilize a receptor conformation that is trafficked more effectively to the cell surface. In addition, functional impairments in almost all mutant CaSRs were rescued by either cinacalcet or NPS-2143 via restoration of intracellular signaling. There was a significantly greater ability of both compounds to modulate agonist-stimulated intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization than ERK1/2 phosphorylation, indicating that the allosteric modulators engender bias in agonist-stimulated CaSR signaling to different pathways. Three mutations (G(670)R, P(748)R, and L(773)R) altered the binding affinity of allosteric modulators to the CaSR, and 3 mutations (V(817)I, L(773)R, and E(767)K) altered the cooperativity between the allosteric modulator and Ca(2+)(o). These findings have important implications for the treatment of diseases associated with CaSR mutations using allosteric CaSR modulators and for analyzing the effects of mutations on the function and pharmacoregulation of the CaSR.
Photoisomerization of trans-15,16-Dimethyldihydropyrene (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoisomerization of trans-15,16-DimethyldihydropyreneH.-R. Blattmann, Doris Meuche, E. Heilbronner, R. J. Molyneux, and V. BoekelheideCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 1, 130–131Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01079a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01079a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views409Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pressure studies of band structure, defects and impurities in group III nitrides (2000)

Abstract This paper reviews high pressure investigations of the physical properties of group III nitrides. After presenting the most important results of high pressure research in this field, we focus on the problem of donors and acceptors in GaN and AlGaN with the special emphasis on the highly localized electronic states. Oxygen and silicon donors and their resonant localized states are discussed in detail. Finally the anomaly of the pressure coefficient of the energy gap of InGaN, will be considered in the relation to the peculiarities of these mixed crystals band structure.
Photoelectrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide. Annual report, May 1984-April 1985 (1985)

Surface states at semiconductor-electrolyte interfaces were determined under illumination for CdTe, GaP and Si. The faradaic reaction involved was photoelectrochemical reduction of CO/sub 2/ on CdTe and GaP and H/sub 2/ evolution on Si. New equivalent circuits are proposed to represent the semiconductor-electrolyte interface under illumination. Surface state density is calculated per unit area at a given bias potential from integral surface state capacitance. Surface states at Si - aqueous H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ interface act as recombination centers for the photogenerated electron hole pair annihilation. Surface states at CdTe-electrolyte interface act as faradaic mediators for CO/sub 2/ reduction. It is proposed that adsorbed ions and radicals induce surface states. Potential of zero charge was determined for semiconductor electrolyte interfaces using Herbert pendulam and the results are discussed for several interfaces.
Proto‐Design: Architecture's Primordial Soup and the Quest for Units of Synthetic Life (2011)

Abstract At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Neri Oxman is engaged on the Material‐Based Computation project. It takes an approach that can be regarded as analogous to protocells. It places a similar emphasis on material properties as intermediary agents for the built environment, containing the information for behaviour and evolution. Here she outlines three methods that define her research. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Model‐based predictions of BRCA1/2 mutation status in breast carcinoma patients treated at an academic medical center (2002)

At a large academic medical center, a substantial proportion of unselected women attending a multidisciplinary clinic were found to have a > or = 10% risk of carrying a BRCA1/2 mutation. The actual number of patients eligible to receive BRCA1/2 genetic testing outweighs the number of patients seen for genetic counseling at the study institution. Finally, limited correlation was found between current predictive models.
Influence of cross-link density distribution on network formation in free-radical copolymerization of vinyl/divinyl monomers (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfluence of cross-link density distribution on network formation in free-radical copolymerization of vinyl/divinyl monomersS. Zhu and A. E. HamielecCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 20, 5457–5464Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00046a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00046a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views443Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A 2-D tread mechanism for hybridization in USAR robotics (2015)

Hybridization of robots has led to great leaps in capability, often with minimal additional complexity, and refers to a synergistic combination of different actuation modes within a single platform. Doing so extends the capabilities and task space of a robot by pooling together the strengths of the individual modes and results in a single platform that is greater than the sum of its parts. In this paper we present a novel 2-D tread mechanism capable of exerting motive forces in two orthogonal directions. Early exploration into hybridization of this mechanism includes a holonomic differential drive configuration as well as a holonomic tread/limb/serpentine hybrid robot. Some preliminary results of the tread mechanism performance are presented as well.
One-pot solvothermal synthesis of a well-ordered layered sodium aluminoalcoholate complex: a useful precursor for the preparation of porous Al[subscript 2]O[subscript 3] particles (2014)

One-pot solvothermal synthesis of a robust tetranuclear sodium hexakis(glycolato)tris(methanolato)aluminate complex Na[subscript 3][Al[subscript 4](OCH[subscript 3])[subscript 3](OCH[subscript 2]CH[subscript 2]O)[subscript 6]] via a modified yet rigorous base-catalyzed transesterification mechanism is presented here. Single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) studies indicate that this unique Al complex contains three pentacoordinate Al[superscript 3+] ions, each bound to two bidentate ethylene glycolate chelators and one monodentate methanolate ligand. The remaining fourth Al[superscript 3+] ion is octahedrally coordinated to one oxygen atom from each of the six surrounding glycolate chelators, effectively stitching the three pentacoordinate Al moieties together into a novel tetranuclear Al complex. This aluminate complex is periodically self-assembled into well-ordered layers normal to the [110] axis with the intra-/inter-layer bonding involving extensive ionic bonds from the three charge-counterbalancing Na[superscript +] cations rather than the more typical hydrogen bonding interactions as a result of fewer free hydroxyl groups present in its structure. It can also serve as a valuable precursor toward the facile synthesis of high-surface-area alumina powders using a very efficient rapid pyrolysis technique.
Distributed Compressed Estimation for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Compressive Sensing (2015)

This letter proposes a novel distributed compressed estimation scheme for sparse signals and systems based on compressive sensing techniques. The proposed scheme consists of compression and decompression modules inspired by compressive sensing to perform distributed compressed estimation. A design procedure is also presented and an algorithm is developed to optimize measurement matrices, which can further improve the performance of the proposed distributed compressed estimation scheme. Simulations for a wireless sensor network illustrate the advantages of the proposed scheme and algorithm in terms of convergence rate and mean square error performance.
In‐situ Robust Polymeric Networks Prepared via Facile Uncatalyzed Huisgen Cycloaddition of Alkyne‐terminated Polyurethane with Terminal Azides (2019)

Abstract We carried out catalyst – and solvent‐free Huisgen azide‐alkyne cycloadditon (AAC) to develop the polyurethane‐based networks crosslinked through triazole moieties at chain‐ends. An asymmetrical divalent compound carrying the hydroxyl and electron‐deficient alkyne as terminal groups was newly synthesized to prepare the alkyne‐terminated polymer containing urethane moieties within polymer backbone. Additionally, three kinds of terminal‐azide crosslinkers were introduced to react with alkyne‐terminated polyurethanes without any promoters. Kinetics of the uncatalyzed AAC were monitored by using real‐time FT‐IR technique at 50 °C temperature. The rate of AAC using aromatic azide dipole was faster than other dipoles. Compared to the non‐polyurethane‐based networks crosslinked via either urethane or triazole moieties at chain‐ends, triazole chain‐ends crosslinked polyurethane networks conveyed the excellent mechanical properties. However, thermal properties at low temperature were not as good as those of non‐polyurethane networks. Especially, T g of polyurethane networks formed by an oligomeric azide crosslinker was much higher than others.
Nebulized Budesonide Inhalation Suspension Compared With Cromolyn Sodium Nebulizer Solution for Asthma in Young Children: Results of a Randomized Outcomes Trial (2002)

Budesonide inhalation suspension was more effective than nebulized cromolyn sodium in young children with persistent asthma. Both treatments were well tolerated with similar adverse event profiles.
Demonstration of suppressed phonon tunneling losses in phononic bandgap shielded membrane resonators for high-Q optomechanics (2014)

Dielectric membranes with exceptional mechanical and optical properties present one of the most promising platforms in quantum opto-mechanics. The performance of stressed silicon nitride nanomembranes as mechanical resonators notoriously depends on how their frame is clamped to the sample mount, which in practice usually necessitates delicate, and difficult-to-reproduce mounting solutions. Here, we demonstrate that a phononic bandgap shield integrated in the membrane's silicon frame eliminates this dependence, by suppressing dissipation through phonon tunneling. We dry-etch the membrane's frame so that it assumes the form of a cm-sized bridge featuring a 1-dimensional periodic pattern, whose phononic density of states is tailored to exhibit one, or several, full band gaps around the membrane's high-Q modes in the MHz-range. We quantify the effectiveness of this phononic bandgap shield by optical interferometry measuring both the suppressed transmission of vibrations, as well as the influence of frame clamping conditions on the membrane modes. We find suppressions up to 40 dB and, for three different realized phononic structures, consistently observe significant suppression of the dependence of the membrane's modes on sample clamping-if the mode's frequency lies in the bandgap. As a result, we achieve membrane mode quality factors of 5 × 10(6) with samples that are tightly bolted to the 8 K-cold finger of a cryostat. Q × f -products of 6 × 10(12) Hz at 300 K and 14 × 10(12) Hz at 8 K are observed, satisfying one of the main requirements for optical cooling of mechanical vibrations to their quantum ground-state.
Growth of a Surface-Tethered, All-Carbon Backboned Fluoropolymer by Photoactivated Molecular Layer Deposition (2019)

The synthesis of an all-carbon backboned fluoropolymer using photoactivated molecular layer deposition (pMLD) is developed. pMLD is a vapor-phase, layer-by-layer, organic thin film synthesis method utilizing UV light, allowing for the creation of materials previously unavailable via thermal MLD. The carbon backbone is achieved by reacting an iodine-containing fluorocarbon monomer (1,4-diiodooctafluorobutane) and a diene monomer (1,5-hexadiene) under UV irradiation in a step-growth polymerization sequence. The polymerization occurs with a growth rate of 1.3 Å/cycle, forming a copolymer containing hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon segments. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to confirm the formation of new carbon-carbon bonds and quantify the final film composition. In situ XPS thermal annealing experiments confirm the film stability up to 400 °C. The ability to pattern the fluoropolymer on a surface is demonstrated using a photomask, suggesting that these films could be incorporated into photolithographic processes. Together, these results demonstrate that pMLD can be used to synthesize carbon backboned films with photopatterning ability, expanding the available chemistries and potential applications of MLD polymers.
Relative Medial and Dorsal Cortex Volume in Relation to Foraging Ecology in Congeneric Lizards (1999)

The need to locate distributed resources such as mates, food, and nests is correlated with an enlarged hippocampus in many mammalian and avian species. This correlation is believed to be a consequence of selection for spatial ability. Little is known about how such ecological needs affect non-mammalian, non-avian species. In lizards, the putative hippocampal homologues are the dorsal cortex (DC) and medial cortex (MC). We examined the relationship between foraging ecology and the size of the DC and MC in congeneric male lizards. We predicted based on the mammalian and avian literature that Acanthodactylus boskianus, an active forager that captures clumped, immobile prey would have a larger MC and DC than A. scutellatus, a sit-and-wait predator, that captures mobile prey. Our previous behavioral studies showed that A. boskianus did not differ from A. scutellatus on a spatial task but that A. boskianus was significantly better at the reversal of a visual discrimination, another task that is hippocampally dependent in mammals. In the current study, we found that, relative to telencephalon volume, the MC and DC were larger in the active forager whereas a control region, the lateral, olfactory, cortex, was similar in size between species. The current anatomical results suggest that MC and DC size is related to active foraging in lizards and, along with our previous behavioral studies, show that it is possible for this relationship to occur in the absence of evidence for species differences in spatial memory.
Identification of Potent Odorants in Japanese Green Tea (Sen-cha) (1999)

Application of aroma extract dilution analysis using the volatile fraction of a Japanese green tea (Sen-cha) sample resulted in the detection of 36 odor-active peaks with flavor dilution (FD) factors between 10 and 5000. Thirty-six potent odorants were identified from 36 odor-active peaks by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and/or the multidimensional GC/MS (MDGC/MS) system. Among these components, 4-methoxy-2-methyl-2-butanethiol (meaty), (Z)-1, 5-octadien-3-one (metallic), 4-mercapto-4-methyl-2-pentanone (meaty), (E,E)-2,4-decadienal (fatty), beta-damascone (honey-like), beta-damascenone (honey-like), (Z)-methyl jasmonate (floral), and indole (animal-like) showed the highest FD factors. Therefore, these odorants were the most important components of the Japanese green tea odor. In addition, 4-methoxy-2-methyl-2-butanethiol, 4-mercapto-4-methyl-2-pentanone, methional, 2-ethyl-3, 5-dimethylpyrazine, (Z)-4-decenal, beta-damascone, maltol, 5-octanolide, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, and 2-aminoacetophenone were newly identified compounds in the green tea.
Du diagnostic à l'action créer : les conditions d'une gestion intégrée et viable des écosystèmes forestiers sur les territoires (2010)

In France, the conclusions of the Grenelle Environment Round Table (2007) stress the importance to intensify wood production and timber exploitation while improving the actions in favour of safeguarding biodiversity. Vis-a-vis of such a stake, which concepts, methodologies and tools can be validated on strong scientific grounds that can be proposed to the actors charged to implement policies and actions on the ground? Through the example of sustainable forest management, the FORGECO project (2010-2014), founded by the National Research Agency, privileges a participative and adaptive approach of expertise on forest management and its ecological and socio-economic vulnerabilities, thought the construction and evaluation of intensification forest management scenarios, from the plot level to the landscape level. In order to allow a spatio-temporal integration of the information and to support a decision-making processes, the project rests on the development of a set of tools: dynamic resources model, habitat quality models, development of a SIG framework, production probability frontiers models, dynamic model for viability scenarios and participative conceptual models. The methodological framework and tools proposed will be tested on two contrasted study sites in France. The FORGECO project will deliver a comprehensive, detailed technical report and scenario analysis on adaptive forest management.