gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Deep Submicron CMOS Transistor Vtlin and Idsat versus Channel Width (2006)

We investigate the 130nm (1.2V) and 280nm (2.5V) CMOS linear threshold voltage (Vtlin) and normalized saturation drain current (Idsat) versus channel width. Plots of Vtlin and Idsat versus channel width for different lengths are used to show the complex behavior as the channel width decreases. Both NMOS and PMOS Vtlin reach a maximum and then decrease as the width goes to W = 0.15/spl mu/m. NMOS Vtlin shows a 30% decease while PMOS Vtlin decreases 5% to 18%. We then show that the Vtlin behavior is caused by two opposite factors, shallow trench isolation (STI) y-stress effect and inverse narrow width (INW) effect. We eliminate x-stress as a factor by designing all the transistors with Sa = 10/spl mu/m. We observe that NMOS and PMOS Idsat decrease as the width decreases from 20/spl mu/m to 1/spl mu/m reaching a minimum, after that Idsat increases again. We believe this Idsat behavior is also caused by two opposite factors, STI y-stress effect and delta width, DW effect. The Idsat behavior is different for NMOS and PMOS. The STI y-stress effect is less pronounced for short channel NMOS transistors while the DW effect is weaker for short channel PMOS transistors.
Performance Enhancement of Microstrip Bandpass Filter Using CSSRR (2009)

Split ring resonator (SRR) and complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) have been widely used in size miniaturization and performance enhancement of various microwave devices. In this paper, a complementary single split ring resonator (CSSRR) is used to design a wide bandstop filter. Bandstop filter is constructed using two open stubs of length ¿ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> /4 and the CSSRR. The designed bandstop filter has a wide rejection bandwidth compared to the conventional open stub filter. By cascading this bandstop filter (BSF) with the conventional parallel-coupled line filter, the spurious pass band at the second harmonic frequency is removed. To evaluate the validity of this method, a first order Chebyshev bandpass filter centered at 0.9 GHz with 10% fractional bandwidth (FBW) is combined with the designed BSF. Simulation result shows a harmonic rejection of 40 dB to the spurious pass band at 2f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> , well validated by the experimental results.
Lasers effects on enamel for caries prevention (2006)

The aim of this study was to ascertain whether laser irradiation is able to reduce caries incidence. For this purpose, the effects of laser on enamel and on fluoride uptake were discussed. Current literature regarding the preventive effect of laser irradiation on dental hard tissue has been reviewed. An evaluation of the results of the available in vitro and in vivo studies on the efficacy of anticaries and induced changes on enamel by laser irradiation were also performed. Articles were selected using the Medline, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane databases, and the results of these studies were described. The most common lasers employed for caries prevention on enamel are Nd:YAG; CO2; Er:YAG; Er,Cr:YSGG; and argon. The percentage of inhibition of dental caries varied from 30 to 97.2%, and the association with fluoride has demonstrated the best results on inhibition of caries development. Laser irradiation under specific conditions can change the crystallographic properties of apatite crystals, increasing the acid resistance of lased enamel. The combined treatment of laser irradiation with fluoride propitiates an expressive fluoride uptake, reducing the progression of carieslike lesions, and this treatment is more effective than laser or fluoride alone. Available data suggest that lasers combined with fluoride is a promising treatment in caries prevention.
Indoor coverage requirements and solutions (1998)

Mobile phones are already becoming a part of everyday life. Subscribers expect to be able to use their handsets everywhere. A key factor in the success of a cellular operator therefore is the ability to fulfil subscribers' expectations in terms of coverage. Hence, dedicated indoor coverage is required where the signal from outdoor cells is weak or where additional capacity is needed. Indoor coverage planning differs from its outdoor counterpart due to the large variety of building types and layouts combined with the constraint that the indoor cell must integrate seamlessly with the existing outdoor network. This paper discusses how in-building coverage generates new challenges for GSM operators, equipment manufacturers and network planners and how these are being addressed. (4 pages)
Influence of Excited Carriers on the Optical and Electronic Properties of MoS<sub>2</sub> (2014)

We study the ground-state and finite-density optical response of molybdenum disulfide by solving the semiconductor Bloch equations, using ab initio band structures and Coulomb interaction matrix elements. Spectra for excited carrier densities up to 10(13) cm(-2) reveal a redshift of the excitonic ground-state absorption, whereas higher excitonic lines are found to disappear successively due to Coulomb-induced band gap shrinkage of more than 500 meV and binding-energy reduction. Strain-induced band variations lead to a redshift of the lowest exciton line by ∼110 meV/% and change the direct transition to indirect while maintaining the magnitude of the optical response.
Cross cultural differences in language learning (2004)

Can foreign language leaming be separated from knowledge of the culture of the country where the language being learned originated? In this article written exam papers completed by first year university students were studied to find the differences between the learning styles of Australian and Chinese students, and further, if experience of the culture of the country where the language being learned originated from really affected learning of the language?
A Vehicle-collision Learning System Using Driving Patterns on the Road (2013)

Demand of automobiles are significantly growing despite various factors, steadily increasing the average number of vehicles on the road. Increase in the number of vehicles, subsequently increases the risk of collisions, characterized by the driving behavior. Driving behavior is influenced by factors like class of vehicle, road condition and vehicle maneuvering by the driver. Rapidly growing mobile technology and use of smartphones embedded with in-built sensors, provides scope of constant development of assistance systems considering the safety of the driver by integrating with the information obtained from the vehicle on-board sensors. Our research aims at learning a vehicle system comprising of vehicle, human and road by employing driving patterns obtained from the sensor data to develop better systems of safety and alerts altogether. The thesis focusses on utilizing together various data recorded by the in-built embedded sensors in a smartphone to understand the vehicle motion and dynamics, followed by studying various impacts of collision events, types and signatures which can potentially be integrated in a prototype framework to detect variations, alert drivers and emergency responders in an event of collision.
<i>Thermococcus kodakarensis</i> Genetics: TK1827-Encoded β-Glycosidase, New Positive-Selection Protocol, and Targeted and Repetitive Deletion Technology (2009)

Inactivation of TK1761, the reporter gene established for Thermococcus kodakarensis, revealed the presence of a second beta-glycosidase that we have identified as the product of TK1827. This enzyme (pTK1827) has been purified and shown to hydrolyze glucopyranoside but not mannopyranoside, have optimal activity at 95 degrees C and from pH 8 to 9.5, and have a functional half-life of approximately 7 min at 100 degrees C. To generate a strain with both TK1761 and TK1827 deleted, a new selection/counterselection protocol has been developed, and the levels of beta-glycosidase activity in T. kodakarensis strains with TK1761 and/or TK1827 deleted and with these genes expressed from heterologous promoters are described. Genetic tools and strains have been developed that extend the use of this selection/counterselection procedure to delete any nonessential gene from the T. kodakarensis chromosome. Using this technology, TK0149 was deleted to obtain an agmatine auxotroph that grows on nutrient-rich medium only when agmatine is added. Transformants can therefore be selected rapidly, and replicating plasmids can be maintained in this strain growing in rich medium by complementation of the TK0149 deletion.
Joint Recognition of Handwritten Text and Named Entities with a Neural End-to-End Model (2018)

When extracting information from handwritten documents, text transcription and named entity recognition are usually faced as separate subsequent tasks. This has the disadvantage that errors in the first module affect heavily the performance of the second module. In this work we propose to do both tasks jointly, using a single neural network with a common architecture used for plain text recognition. Experimentally, the work has been tested on a collection of historical marriage records. Results of experiments are presented to show the effect on the performance for different configurations: different ways of encoding the information, doing or not transfer learning and processing at text line or multi-line region level. The results are comparable to state of the art reported in the ICDAR 2017 Information Extraction competition, even though the proposed technique does not use any dictionaries, language modeling or post processing.
AF Detection by Exploiting the Spectral and Temporal Characteristics of ECG Signals with the LSTM Model (2018)

This research reinvestigates the detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) from a recurrent neural network (RNN) viewpoint. In particular, a long short-term memory (LSTM) model of RNN is designed to exploit the high-order spectral and temporal features of the multi-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) signals of patients with AF. To verify the proposed method, the LSTM model is tested with ECG data available from the PhysioNet and some normal ECG data collected in our labs. The results show that not only the deviation of the so-called RR intervals of ECG signals but also its temporal variations are critical to AF detection. The accuracy of AF detection can reach up to 98.3 %, with an LSTM model of using 30 hidden units. Considering more realistic applications, we further tested the model with subjects different from that of the training data. The accuracy is about 87% with high sensitivity. The experimental results show that the proposed model is able to effectively extract both the long-term and short-term characteristics of the spectral content of the AF ECG signals, making it a good candidate model for AF detection.
Conical slow wave antenna as a plasma source (1978)

A simple conical helix has been successfully employed as a slow wave structure to generate plasmas by electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH). The plasma is typical of plasmas created by ''Lisitano coil'' sources, n approximately 10(10)-10(12) cm(-3) with T(e) approximately 2-20 eV. This source, however, is much simpler to fabricate. The ease of fabrication allows the user some flexibility in designing the source to fit a specific plasma physics experiment.
<i>In vivo</i> Pharmacological Disease Models for Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis in Drug Discovery* (2006)

In order to perform relevant in vivo pharmacological investigations in drug discovery within dermatology it is fundamental to master or have access to relevant skin disease models that makes it possible to identify and validate targets and to screen and discover drugs in vivo. There is a strong need for highly predictive in vivo models in order to introduce the right drug candidates into the clinical phases of development. Recent advances in dermatological in vivo pharmacological disease models for psoriasis and atopic dermatitis are reviewed together with a discussion of the rationale for their application in drug discovery.
Purification of a factor capable of stimulating the guanine nucleotide exchange reaction of ras proteins and its effect on ras-related small molecular mass G proteins. (1990)

We have previously identified a membrane factor capable of stimulating guanine nucleotide exchange activity for ras p21 proteins. The ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor (rGEF) was purified from bovine brain to near homogeneity by successive chromatographies on DE52 DEAE-cellulose, Sepharose 6B, hydroxylapatite, and FPLC phenyl-Superose resins. SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified rGEF showed a single major protein with a molecular mass of 35 kDa. rGEF increased the exchange rate of GDP in normal [Gly12]p21 or oncogenic [Val12]p21 up to 30- to 40-fold under physiological concentrations of Mg2+. Since the factor was free from GDP/GTP binding activity and nonspecific GDP hydrolytic activity, we propose that rGEF may regulate GDP/GTP exchange reaction of ras proteins in response to external growth signals. Moreover, rGEF enhanced the dissociation of bound GDP from some of ras-like G proteins, R-ras, rap1-A, rab1-B, and rho proteins, raising the possibility that rGEF may affect the activities of these proteins.
Modification of the Cushing speculum used for transsphenoidal pituitary surgery (1975)

A modification of the original Cushing speculum used in the sublabial-transseptal-transsphenoidal approach to the pituitary is described. Although the modified speculum has smaller dimensions, it allows better visualization of the surgical field, while a new expanding device permits easier opening of the speculum.
End-to-End Architectures for ASR-Free Spoken Language Understanding (2020)

Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) is the problem of extracting the meaning from speech utterances. It is typically addressed as a two-step problem, where an Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) model is employed to convert speech into text, followed by a Natural Language Understanding (NLU) model to extract meaning from the decoded text. Recently, end-to-end approaches were emerged, aiming at unifying the ASR and NLU into a single SLU deep neural architecture, trained using combinations of ASR and NLU-level recognition units. In this paper, we explore a set of recurrent architectures for intent classification, tailored to the recently introduced Fluent Speech Commands (FSC) dataset, where intents are formed as combinations of three slots (action, object, and location). We show that by combining deep recurrent architectures with standard data augmentation, state-of-the-art results can be attained, without using ASR-level targets or pretrained ASR models. We also investigate its generalizability to new wordings, and we show that the model can perform reasonably well on wordings unseen during training.
Low-loss fusion splices of optical fibers (1985)

A low-loss splicing method, based on discharge fusion of optical fibers by a simple apparatus and by applying pressure between fibers before fusion, was developed. Average splice losses of about 0.07 and 0.15 dB for single-mode (SM) fibers having core diameters of 10 and 7μm, respectively, and 0.02 dB for 50-μm core diameter graded-index (GI) fibers are obtained. Fusion loss and fusion time are obtained minimum for better end preparation having low initial alignment losses at critical pressure and temperature. Mathematical expressions for the variation of fusion time and splice loss with effect of applied pressure between the fibers, for different practical axis alignment, showing the optimum condition to have minimum splice loss are made. Experimental fusion losses are analyzed in terms of residual misalignment of off axis, angular tilt of the fibers during aligning, and air gaps in the splicing zone. Optimum fusion time is obtained by considering the forces due to applied pressure, thermal expansion, and surface tension in the viscous melted glass of the fiber. Theoretical curves of fusion times and splicing losses versus applied pressure agree with the experimental results. The decrease of fusion time to about 1.3 times and splice loss to about two times were found when applied pressure is varried from low to its critical value of 20-25 g. The splice losses are found at a minimum for the operating temperature range of 1980°C to 2140°C for silica fibers. Experimental results of the histogram of bar chart of splice losses agree with the derived mathematical expressions assuming a statistical distribution function of splice losses.
A STUDY OF MOTORCYCLIST CASUALTIES WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO HEAD INJURIES (1984)

Details from a sample of fatal and non-fatal motorcyclist casualties are presented using data from several UK hospitals and police districts. The methodology is described with the following data elements being considered:-injury information with particular reference to the head, accident details including probable collision speed and impact direction, principal points of contact for both the machine and rider and also detailed examination of the helmet worn at the time of the accident. A high proportion of the sample were in the 17-19 year age group. Of the 116 casualties in the sample, eighty-three were wearing full-face helmets and the remaining thirty-three wore open face or jet types. Of particular interest was the correlation between the location of helmet impact and the underlying head injury. In the full-face helmet sub-set the majority of blows were to the frontal and temporal regions with virtually none to the helmet crown. It was particularly noticed that blows to the helmet facebar and sides gave rise to serious and fatal head injuries often involving the base of the skull. Fractures to this area were sometimes caused through an indirect blow via the mandible. The open-face helmet provided little facial protection and, as the majority of impacts were to this region of the head, they frequently resulted in serious and sometimes fatal injuries. Injury severity is force-related but the study suggests that the location of head impact could be a key factor. Such forces could not be determined from the accident data but must be measured from reconstructed impacts under controlled conditions. It is suggested that attention is given to critical aspects highlighted by the study. Future work in this area should extend the existing study, in particular to the very seious head injury casualties in order to confirm the above findings. The injury/accident studies must be linked with crash reconstruction and the helmet impact work in order to produce realistic head injury criteria levels. For the covering abstract of the conference see TRIS 393117. (Author/TRRL)
Co-Channel and Adjacent Channel Interference and Protection Issues for DVB-T2 and IEEE 802.22 WRAN Operation (2014)

This paper presents a study on the coexistence issue of digital terrestrial TV broadcasting and cognitive broadband access operation in the TV white spaces (TVWS). Extended measurements were performed to evaluate the protection of the existing Second generation of digital video broadcasting terrestrial standard (DVB-T2) services in the presence of IEEE 802.22 WRAN co-channel and adjacent channel interference. The absence of picture failure over 30 consecutive seconds on decoded DVB-T2 streams has been monitored to obtain the maximum tolerable level of IEEE 802.22 WRAN interference, which ensures the protection of the primary broadcast system. This paper considers practical DVB-T2 system configuration options by varying parameters of the standard, such as constellation and code rate, FFT size, pilot pattern and guard interval, and rotated constellations and compares them in terms of robustness with respect to the interference generated by IEEE 802.22 WRAN operation. The goal is to provide cognitive broadband operators in the TVWS with guidelines to optimize their network by choosing the parameters that best fit their needs in case of coexistence with DVB-T2 broadcasting services.
Compressed image restoration based on edge enhancement field of experts (2010)

Images encoded at low bit rate may suffer from blocking artifacts, which dramatically degrade the visual quality. In this paper, we propose a postprocessing image restoration scheme for JPEG compressed images based on the maximum a posteriori criterion. A degradation model, represent by additive Gaussian noise model, is proposed to simulate JPEG compression process, while the original image is modeled as a high order Markov random field (MRF) based on the fields of experts framework. Meanwhile, an enhancement algorithm is proposed to restore the high frequency (HF) components. Experiment results have demonstrated that the proposed scheme can reproduce higher-quality images in terms of both objective and subjective quality.
Semi‐allogeneic (F1) versus fully allogeneic blood transfusions: differences in their ability to induce specific immunological unresponsiveness (1996)

The beneficial effect on graft survival achieved by pretransplant blood transfusions is well established. However, the type of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) mismatch between transfusion donor and recipient seems to play a role in determining the outcome. The hypothesis that this sharing of MHC antigens is correlated with the level of sensitization or tolerization was studied in mice by pretreatment with semi-allogeneic (F1) or with fully allogeneic whole blood transfusions. Limiting dilution analysis (LDA) in vitro for donor-specific T helper (Thp) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTLp) performed on splenocytes isolated from transfused recipients 2 or 4 weeks after transfusion showed that the duration and magnitude of the response was reduced after a semi-allogeneic compared to a fully allogeneic transfusion. After a semi-allogeneic transfusion, both Thp and CTLp frequencies had returned to naive levels 4 weeks after transfusion, whereas after infusion of fully allogeneic blood, they remained elevated after 4 weeks. When a fully allogeneic heart was transplanted 2 or 4 weeks after transfusion, a small but significant improvement in graft prolongation (2 weeks, not significant, 4 weeks: p < 0.01) was observed following pretreatment with a semi-allogeneic transfusion (2 weeks: median survival time (MST) 30 days, 4 weeks: MST 29 days) compared to that obtained after fully allogeneic transfusion (2 weeks: MST 23 days, 4 weeks: MST 12 days). The semi-allogeneic transfusions were correlated with a statistically significant prolonged (7 days) persistence of donor-derived MHC class II+ cells in the recipient and with reduced levels of anti-donor MHC class I-specific antibody formation compared to these responses after transfusion with fully allogeneic cells. These results demonstrate that pretreatment with a semi-allogeneic blood transfusion is more tolerizing and less sensitizing than pretreatment with a fully allogeneic blood transfusion. These findings may be explained by the sharing of MHC antigens between recipient and transfusion donor.
(Invited)<i />Laser Annealing in CMOS Manufacturing (2018)

Laser Annealing was introduced into mainstream CMOS manufacturing nearly a decade ago and since then has been evolving capturing new applications and expanding into new process regimes. This invited paper provides an overview of the adoption and the applications of millisecond-scale laser annealing in CMOS technologies. Building on the presented historical perspective, this paper then discusses and compares applications of nanosecond-scale laser annealing in future CMOS technologies. Mitigation of thermal pattern effects are also discussed in the context of different device architectures built on both bulk and SOI substrates.