gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE Radar Wind Profiler Radial Velocity: A Comparison with Doppler Lidar (2002)

The accuracy of the radial wind velocity measured with a radar wind profiler will depend on turbulent variability and instrumental noise. Radial velocity estimates of a boundary layer wind profiler are compared with those estimated by a Doppler lidar over 2.3 h. The lidar resolution volume was much narrower than the profiler volume, but the samples were well matched in range and time. The wind profiler radial velocity was computed using two common algorithms [profiler online program (POP) and National Center for Atmospheric Research improved moments algorithm (NIMA)]. The squared correlation between radial velocities measured with the two instruments was R2 5 0.99, and the standard deviation of the difference was about sr 5 0.20‐0.23 m s21 for radial velocities of greater than 1 m s 21 and sr 5 0.16‐0.35 m s21 for radial velocities of less than 1 m s 21. Small radial velocities may be treated differently in radar wind profiler processing because of ground-clutter mitigation strategies. A standard deviation of sr 5 0.23 m s21 implies an error in horizontal winds from turbulence and noise of less than 1 m s 21 for a single cycle through the profiler beam directions and of less than 0.11‐0.27 m s 21 for a 30-min average measurement, depending on the beam pointing sequence. The accuracy of a wind profiler horizontal wind measurement will also depend on assumptions of spatial and temporal inhomogeneity of the atmosphere, which are not considered in this comparison. The wind profiler radial velocities from the POP and NIMA are in good agreement. However, the analysis does show the need for improvements in wind profiler processing when radial velocity is close to zero.
Effect of Tibial Tuberosity Advancement on Femorotibial Contact Mechanics and Stifle Kinematics (2008)

Objective- To evaluate the effects of tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) on femorotibial contact mechanics and 3-dimensional kinematics in cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL)-deficient stifles of dogs. Study Design- In vitro biomechanical study. Animals- Unpaired pelvic limbs from 8 dogs, weighing 28-35 kg. Methods- Digital pressure sensors placed subjacent to the menisci were used to measure femorotibial contact force, contact area, peak and mean contact pressure, and peak pressure location with the limb under an axial load of 30% body weight and a stifle angle of 135 degrees . Three-dimensional static poses of the stifle were obtained using a Microscribe digitizing arm. Each specimen was tested under normal, CrCL-deficient, and TTA-treated conditions. Repeated measures analysis of variance with a Tukey post hoc test (P<.05) was used for statistical comparison. Results- Significant disturbances to all measured contact mechanic parameters were evident after CrCL transection, which corresponded to marked cranial tibial subluxation and internal tibial rotation in the CrCL-deficient stifle. No significant differences in any contact mechanic and kinematic parameters were detected between normal and TTA-treated stifles. Conclusion- TTA eliminates craniocaudal stifle instability during simulated weight-bearing and concurrently restores femorotibial contact mechanics to normal. Clinical Relevance- TTA may mitigate the progression of stifle osteoarthritis in dogs afflicted with CrCL insufficiency by eliminating cranial tibial thrust while preserving the normal orientation of the proximal tibial articulating surface.
Single- and Multiple-Trait Mapping Analysis of Linked Quantitative Trait Loci: Some Asymptotic Analytical Approximations (1999)

Estimating the resolution power of mapping analysis of linked quantitative trait loci (QTL) remains a difficult problem, which has been previously addressed mainly by Monte Carlo simulations. The analytical method of evaluation of the expected LOD developed in this article spreads the "deterministic sampling" approach for the case of two linked QTL for single- and two-trait analysis. Several complicated questions are addressed through this evaluation: the dependence of QTL detection power on the QTL effects, residual correlation between the traits, and the effect of epistatic interaction between the QTL for one or both traits on expected LOD (ELOD), etc. Although this method gives only an asymptotic estimation of ELOD, it allows one to get an approximate assessment of a broad spectrum of mapping situations. A good correspondence was found between the ELODs predicted by the model and LOD values averaged over Monte Carlo simulations.
x-Ray Photoemission Spectroscopic Study of the Effect of Ozone on Various Styrene/Butadiene Copolymers (1983)

A series of butadiene/styrene homopolymers and copolymers were exposed to air-enriched ozone. For butadiene and random copolymers, surface energies quickly increase and oxygen/carbon ratios are large upon initial exposure as evidenced by contact angle measurements and XPS spectra. This is presumed to be simple oxidative degradation of carbon-carbon double bonds. For polystyrene and high % styrene block copolymers, surface energies are increased slightly by ozone but surface oxygen concentrations are not significantly affected. For low percent styrene block copolymers, surface energies approach their highest levels and surface oxygen content their lowest levels upon ozone exposure. This study indicates preferential segregation of styrene at the surface of the block copolymers.
Macromol. Biosci. 8/2016 (2016)

Front Cover: Biodegradable nanogels based on polymers in which methacrylate groups were coupled to hydrophilic polymer backbones via biodegradable glycolate esters were developed. The obtained nanogels have tailorable degradation kinetics under physiological conditions by varying the structure of the polymers and crosslink density of the nanogels. The release of a loaded macromolecular model drug can be controlled upon the degradation of nanogels. Further details can be found in the article by Y. Chen, M. J. van Steenbergen, D. Li, J. B. van de Dikkenberg, T. Lammers, C. F. van Nostrum, J. M. Metselaar, W. E. Hennink on page 1122.
SYSTEMIC BLASTOMYCOSIS TREATED WITH 2-HYDROXYSTILBAMIDINE (1954)

SCHOENBACH and his co-workers first reported the successful treatment of North American blastomycosis with stilbamidine in 1951.<sup>1</sup>Prior to that time experiences with the toxic effects of stilbamidine had been well documented.* In 1948, Snapper described the effect of 2-hydroxystilbamidine on the course of multiple myeloma. Of particular interest was the lessened toxicity of the 2-hydroxy form of the drug.<sup>7</sup>Snapper and others,† in later work, confirmed this decreased toxicity and later reported the effectiveness of this form of stilbamidine in the treatment of blastomycosis.<sup>10</sup>We would like to add another case of systemic blastomycosis with apparent cure following intensive treatment with 2-hydroxystilbamidine. <h3>REPORT OF A CASE</h3> R. D. M., a 41-year-old white locomotive engineer, was admitted to the dermatologic and medical service at Michael Reese Hospital on April 8, 1953, with a known diagnosis of disseminated blastomycosis. The past history revealed that in 1927 he had
The conserved <i>Xanthomonas campestris</i> pv. <i>vesicatoria</i> effector protein XopX is a virulence factor and suppresses host defense in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> (2005)

Nicotiana benthamiana leaves display a visible plant cell death response when infiltrated with a high titer inoculum of the non-host pathogen, Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv). This visual phenotype was used to identify overlapping cosmid clones from a genomic cosmid library constructed from the Xcv strain, GM98-38. Individual cosmid clones from the Xcv library were conjugated into X. campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) and exconjugants were scored for an altered visual high titer inoculation response in N. benthamiana. The molecular characterization of the cosmid clones revealed that they contained a novel gene, xopX, that encodes a 74-kDa type III secretion system (TTSS) effector protein. Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of XopX in N. benthamiana did not elicit the plant cell death response although detectable XopX protein was produced. Interestingly, the plant cell death response occurred when the xopX Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression construct was co-inoculated with strains of either XcvDeltaxopX or Xcc, both lacking xopX. The co-inoculation complementation of the plant cell death response also depends on whether the Xanthomonas strains contain an active TTSS. Transgenic 35S-xopX-expressing N. benthamiana plants also have the visible plant cell death response when inoculated with the non-xopX-expressing strains XcvDeltaxopX and Xcc. Unexpectedly, transgenic 35S-xopX N. benthamiana plants displayed enhanced susceptibility to bacterial growth of Xcc as well as other non-xopX-expressing Xanthomonas and Pseudomonas strains. This result is also consistent with the increase in bacterial growth on wild type N. benthamiana plants observed for Xcc when XopX is expressed in trans. Furthermore, XopX contributes to the virulence of Xcv on host pepper (Capsicum annuum) and tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) plants. We propose that the XopX bacterial effector protein targets basic innate immunity in plants, resulting in enhanced plant disease susceptibility.
Role of ATM transport system and implementation of ATM cross-connect system (2003)

This paper describes the role of the ATM transport system in a multi-service network. The ATM transport system based on virtual paths is an economical and flexible infrastructure. This paper describes the role and features of the ATM transport system in the IP era. This paper also introduces the requirements of an ATM cross-connect system for a multi-service network.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Convenient Synthesis of Conjugated Dieneynes. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Bubble Assemblies of Nanocrystals: Superlattices without a Substrate (2017)

A method was developed to create free-standing nanocrystal films in the form of solidified bubbles. Bubbles of octadecanethiol-capped gold nanocrystals were studied by in situ grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) to determine how the absence of an underlying substrate influences a disorder-order transition of a nanocrystal superlattice. We find that the presence of the substrate does not significantly change the nature of the disorder-order transition but does lead to reduced interparticle separation and reduced thermal expansion. Bubble assemblies of silicon and copper selenide nanocrystals are also demonstrated.
Exploring the amphiphilicity of PEGylated gold nanorods: mechanical phase transfer and self-assembly (2013)

We introduce a mechanical approach to phase transfer of PEGylated gold nanorods. Amphiphilic PEG ligands can be switched between hydrophilic and hydrophobic states by applying mechanical force. PEG-GNRs in their hydrophobic state self-assemble into rings, a phenomenon previously observed only for GNRs capped with hydrophobic ligands.
Long-term Experience of Alfacalcidol in Renal Osteodystrophy (1982)

Thirteen patients receiving regular haemodialysis, with biochemical or radiological evidence of renal osteodystrophy, were treated with alfacalcidol (1 alpha hydroxy vitamin D3) for four years. During the first eighteen months of treatment plasma alkaline phosphatase and serum parathyroid hormone concentrations fell and subperiosteal phalangeal erosions improved. Thereafter plasma alkaline phosphatase and serum parathyroid hormone concentrations rose and after four years' treatment only four patients had a normal plasma alkaline phosphatase, only five a normal serum parathyroid hormone level and in only six had the erosions healed completely. Hypercalcaemia occurred in twelve patients, plasma calcium exceeding 3.0 mmol/l in ten. Plasma calcium rose abruptly close to the time when plasma alkaline phosphatase became normal and often remained raised despite reduction in dosage of alfacalcidol. We have reservations about the ultimate value of long-term treatment with alfacalcidol in haemodialysed patients with renal osteodystrophy and urge caution in its use.
Angular Substituted Polycyclic Compounds. II. Reaction of Cholest-4-en-3-one with Metallic Cyano Complexes. (1961)

Cyanation of cholest-4-en-3-one (I) was attempted with CN-Mg-I, Li[Al(CN)4], H[Al(tert-BuO)3CN], and H[Al(iso-PrO)8CN] respectively to give the cyano ketone compounds, but in the case of H[Al(iso-PrO)3CN], 1, 3-cyanohydrins were obtained. The reduction of epimeric 3-oxo-cholestane-5-carbonitrile with aluminum isopropoxide and with sodium borohydride afforded the four cyanohydrins which were designated as the formulae (VIII), (VII), (XII), and (XIII).
Estrategias regulatorias del agua para riego agrícola. La materialidad institucional del régimen hídrico (Mendoza, Argentina) (2015)

Este trabajo parte de considerar que en las estructuras sociales agrícolas, las instancias regulatorias de la actividad económica están mediadas por las posiciones particulares de las distintas categorías de empresarios agrícolas. Esta posición tiene el mérito de incorporar una perspectiva sociológica concentrada en los conflictos sociales determinados materialmente, enriqueciendo una mirada estrictamente institucionalista enfocada en los cambios formales del sistema. También pretende enriquecer los planteos economicistas, que sólo concibe las incidencias de las trasformaciones institucionales en términos agregados, sin detenerse a observar la complejidad de la estructura social.
Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in air- and 85% oxygen-exposed adult rat lung (1998)

Expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I and its type I receptor is increased in the adult rat lung exposed to 85% O2. We hypothesized that there would be a parallel up- and downregulation of growth-stimulating and growth-inhibiting IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), respectively. The normal adult rat lung expresses mRNAs for IGFBP-2, -3, -4, -5, and -6 but not for IGFBP-1. O2 exposure for 6 or 14 days reduced IGFBP-3 and -6 and increased IGFBP-4 mRNA abundance. IGFBP-5 mRNA was reduced at 6 days but increased at 14 days. IGFBP-4 mRNA was localized to perivascular and peribronchial interstitial cells and IGFBP-5 mRNA to airway and alveolar epithelial cells. IGFBP-2, -4, and -5 immunolocalized to airway epithelial cells in normal lung and to perivascular exudates after 6 days in 85% O2. IGFBP-2 was diffusely increased throughout the lung tissue only after a 6-day exposure. IGFBP-5 was reduced after a 6-day exposure but was increased and widely distributed after 14 days. IGFBP-4 increased over airway epithelium and subepithelial cells after 6 days and over perivascular interstitial cells after 14 days of 85% O2. These data are consistent with the predicted changes for IGFBPs on O2 exposure except that the generally growth-inhibitory IGFBP-4 was increased at sites of active cell proliferation.
Escape From <i>het-6</i> Incompatibility in <i>Neurospora crassa</i> Partial Diploids Involves Preferential Deletion Within the Ectopic Segment (1996)

Self-incompatible het-6OR/het-6PA partial diploids of Neurospora crassa were selected from a cross involving the translocation strain, T(IIL-->IIIR)AR18, and a normal sequence strain. About 25% of the partial diploids exhibited a marked increase in growth rate after 2 weeks, indicating that "escape" from het-6 incompatibility had occurred. Near isogenic tester strains with different alleles (het-6OR and het-6PA) were constructed and used to determine that 80 of 96 escape strains tested were het-6PA, retaining the het-6 allele found in the normal-sequence LGII position; 16 were het-6OR, retaining the allele in the translocated position. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in 45 escape strains were examined with probes made from cosmids that spanned the translocated region. Along with electrophoretic analysis of chromosomes from three escape strains, RFLPs showed that escape is associated with deletion of part of one or the other of the duplicated DNA segments. Deletions ranged in size from approximately 70 kbp up to putatively the entire 270-kbp translocated region but always included a 35-kbp region wherein we hypothesize het-6 is located. The deletion spectrum at het-6 thus resembles other cases where mitotic deletions occur such as of tumor suppressor genes and of the hprt gene (coding for hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl-transferase) in humans.
Urindiagnostik oberflächlicher Harnblasentumoren durch Zytologie, Immunzytologie und Flowzytometrie (1988)

Bei 69 Patienten mit Transitionalzellkarzinom der Blase betrug bei gleichzeitiger Bestimmung die richtig-positive Rate der herkömmlichen Zytologie 53,6%, der flowzytometrischen DNA-Analyse 46,4% und der quantitativen Immunzytologie mit Hilfe des Hamburger monoklonalen Antikörpers 486p 3/12 86,9%. Die falsch-positive Rate aller drei Methoden liegt bei 8-11%. Die quantitative Immunzytologie erkennt im Gegensatz zu den beiden anderen Methoden Zellen im Sediment von Patienten mit Grad I-Tumoren genauso gut, wie von solchen mit GII- und GIII-Tumoren und ist vor allem deshalb den beiden anderen Verfahren überlegen. Darüber hinaus ist die Interpretation im Vergleich zur Zytologie objektiver und nicht von langjähriger Erfahrung abhängig.
Bifurcation, Period Doublings and Chaos in Clarinetlike Systems (1986)

cote interne IRCAM: Maganza86a
Biotransformation by Divison-Arrested and Immobilized Plant Cells: Bioconversion of Monoterpenes by Gamma-Irradiated Suspended and Entrapped Cells of<i>Mentha</i>and<i>Nicotiana</i> (1985)

Exposure of MENTHA cells to 500 Gy gamma-irradiation caused cell-division arrest. These irradiated cells efficiently reduced (-)menthone to (+)neomenthol with similar or higher activity than that of the corresponding non-irradiated cells. Moreover the menthone reduction capability of the irradiated cells was fully retained following immobilization by entrapment in glyoxal-crosslinked polyacrylamide-hydrazide. Gamma-irradiated cells retained their biotransformation capability for at least one week in shake-culture; thus the transformation process could be repeated several times. Efficient biotransformation carried out by irradiated plant cells seems to be a general phenomenon. In addition to the capability of irradiated MENTHA cells to reduce either (-)menthone or another precursor (geraniol), cells derived from NICOTIANA SYLVESTRIS also retained their capacity of biotransformation, after gamma-irradiation. Division-arrested and immobilized plant cells may thus allow the development of continuous biotransformation processes.
Video: Endoscopic Removal of a Fish Bone Migrating and Penetrating the Stomach (2018)

Sasaki, Sho MD, PhD1; Nishikawa, Jun2; Saito, Mitsuru1; Suenaga, Shigeyuki1; Uekitani, Toshiyuki1; Yokoyama, Yuichiro1; Sakaida, Isao3 Author Information
Atomic Level Surface Studies of Carbon Nanotube Field Emission Cathodes (2006)

Carbon nanotubes are of interest due to their unusual chemical and electrical characteristics and have been suggested for use in a wide variety of applications including field emission cathodes. Their small diameter and conductive and semiconductive properties may make them potentially useful field electron emitters. However, there are indications that they, like most field emitters, are sensitive to the vacuum environment in which they operate. In order to understand this sensitivity their emission characteristics should be correlated with the physical morphology and chemical composition of the emitting surface. To this end, we are using the imaging atom probe to correlate the emission characteristics of individual multi-walled nanotubes with their atomic level surface chemical composition and morphology. The initial results of these studies will be presented.
Large-Mutation Spectra Induced at Hemizygous Loci by Low-LET Radiation: Evidence for Intrachromosomal Proximity Effects (2001)

A mathematical model is used to analyze mutant spectra for large mutations induced by low-LET radiation. The model equations are based mainly on two-break misrejoining that leads to deletions or translocations. It is assumed, as a working hypothesis, that the initial damage induced by low-LET radiation is located randomly in the genome. Specifically, we analyzed data for two hemizygous loci: CD59- mutants, mainly very large-scale deletions (>3 Mbp), in human-hamster hybrid cells, and data from the literature on those HPRT- mutants which involve at least deletion of the whole gene, and often of additional flanking markers (approximately 50-kbp to approximately 4.4-Mbp deletions). For five data sets, we estimated f, the probability that two given breaks on the same chromosome will misrejoin to make a deletion, as a function of the separation between the breaks. We found that f is larger for nearby breaks than for breaks that are more widely separated; i.e., there is a "proximity effect". For acute irradiation, the values of f determined from the data are consistent with the corresponding break misrejoining parameters found previously in quantitative modeling of chromosome aberrations. The value of f was somewhat smaller for protracted irradiation than for acute irradiation at a given total dose; i.e., the mutation data show a decrease that was smaller than expected for dose protraction by fractionation or low dose rate.
Mixing study of the Ras-Laffandesalination plant outfall in Qatar coastal waters, methodology (2014)

An extensive field survey was conducted to study the near-field and far-field mixing patterns of the Ras Laffan Industrial City surface outfall in Qatar. A coupled field remote-sensing method was proposed to study the mixing process of thermal plumes. The thermal infrared satellite photos were calibrated versus the measured temperature data with CTD. The effect of tidal currents and waves on the plume dynamics was investigated. The entrainment coefficient as a result of jet mixing and buoyant spreading was also estimated separately. The calibrated satellite photos show that the proposed method can be used in investigating the dynamics of thermal plumes.