gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Age‐related loss of axospinous synapses formed by two afferent systems in the rat dentate gyrus as revealed by the unbiased stereological dissector technique (1992)

Previous attempts to elucidate whether a loss of hippocampal synapses occurs during aging provided conflicting results, possibly due to the unavailability, at the time, of unbiased methods for synapse quantitation. This study was designed to reexamine the issue by means of modern technical procedures that provide unbiased estimates of synaptic numbers. Groups of 14 young adult (5 months old) and 14 aged (28 months old) male Fischer-344 rats were compared. Synapses were examined in the middle (MML) and inner (IML) molecular layer of the hippocampal dentate gyrus, where synaptic contacts are predominantly formed by different systems of afferents, the entorhinal and commissural-associational fibers, respectively. The number of synapses per neuron was estimated with the aid of the stereological dissector technique. The results showed that the total number of synaptic contacts per neuron was significantly diminished in the MML (by 23.6%) and IML (by 22.7%) of aged rats relative to young adults. This age-related synaptic loss involved axospinous, but not axodendritic, junctions of the MML (-24.4%) and IML (-24.0%). Both perforated and nonperforated axospinous synapses (distinguished by a discontinuous or continuous postsynaptic density, respectively) exhibited an age-dependent decrease in numbers, though this decrease did not reach statistical significance in the case of perforated junctions of the IML. The observed age-related loss of axospinous synapses may underlie the reduction in the amplitude of excitatory postsynaptic potentials and the decline in functional synaptic plasticity detected in the dentate gyrus of senescent rats.
Optimal control for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle applications (2010)

Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) are a promising solution to reduce fuel consumption and emissions, due to their capability of storing energy in the battery through direct connection to the grid. In order to achieve the highest benefits from this technology, a suitable energy management strategy that optimizes the vehicle energy efficiency must be defined. The present work proposes a supervisory controller for PHEVs, which explicitly accounts for the on-board electricity consumption during vehicle operations. The approach is based on the formulation of an optimal control problem that is solved by the Pontryagin's minimum principle to produce a solution that can be implemented on-line. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the developed energy management strategy.
EFFECT OF PLANTING DATES AND VARIETIES ON YIELD OF SOUTHERNPEA [VIGNA UNGUICULATA (L.) WALP.] (1996)

Southernpea varieties have shown the ability to yield differently when planting dates are altered. Identification of yield potential based on planting date would allow producers to select varieties based on time of planting. Ten varieties of peas with three different maturities were selected. The ten varieties were planted on five dates over a 2-year period. Results indicate that relative days to maturity can be shortened or lengthened by time of planting. Varieties planted in early June or early August took longer to mature than when they were planted in late June or early July. Southernpeas planted between 15 June and 15 July will normally produce the highest yields. Some long-season, upright varieties can be planted as early as 1 June with no loss in yield. Indeterminate and short-season varieties in this experiment showed the ability to produce high yields when planted as late as 1 Aug. These results suggest that some southernpea varieties will respond dramatically to different environmental conditions created by altered planting dates.
Heterogeneous Integration Technique of Optoelectronic Dies to CMOS Circuits Via Metallic Bonding (2006)

The integration of complete optoelectronic dies, consisting of optical sources and detectors connected by waveguides for the employment of a photonic layer above CMOS integrated circuits has been proposed. Photonic dies are integrated to CMOS circuits through a novel metallic bonding technique that utilizes a thin multilayer structure of the Au-20Sn eutectic alloy along with a starting layer of a rare earth element (Gd). Its main advantage is the accomplishment of mechanical bonding and electrical connectivity of the heterogeneous devices in a single step. In this paper results on bonding quality and electrical characterization are presented
Potentiation by its esterification of the inhibitory action of 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose on D‐glucose metabolism and insulinotropic action (1997)

It was recently reported that selected esters of D-glucose are more efficiently metabolized and display a greater insulinotropic action in pancreatic islets than the unesterified hexose. Likewise, in the present study, the inhibitory action of 2-deoxy-D-glucose tetraacetate upon D-glucose metabolism in rat erythrocytes and pancreatic islets was found to be more pronounced than that of unesterified 2-deoxy-D-glucose. At a concentration of 10 mM, the ester also inhibited more severely than unesterified 2-deoxy-D-glucose the release of insulin evoked by D-glucose in isolated islets. It is proposed that 2-deoxy-D-glucose tetraacetate represents a useful tool to facilitate the intracellular delivery of the glucose analog and to increase its efficiency as a potential therapeutic agent.
<b>IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL DEMONSTRATION OF CALPAIN IN SYNOVIAL CELLS IN HUMAN ARTHRITIC SYNOVIAL </b><b>JOINTS </b> (1994)

Calpain is a calcium-dependent neutral cysteine proteinase. As a matrix proteinase, calpain has a degrading effect on cartilage proteoglycan. We have demonstrated that the protein is highly expressed in human arthritic synovial joints and therefore may play an important role in cartilage degradation. In the present study, an attempt was made to examine whether particular phenotype of synoviocyte is associated with the expression of calpain. Non-
Docetaxel Conjugate Nanoparticles That Target α-Smooth Muscle Actin–Expressing Stromal Cells Suppress Breast Cancer Metastasis (2013)

Docetaxel-conjugate nanoparticles, known as Cellax, were synthesized by covalently conjugating docetaxel and polyethylene glycol to acetylated carboxymethylcellulose via ester linkages, yielding a polymeric conjugate that self-assembled into 120 nm particles suitable for intravenous administration. In 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 orthotopic breast tumor models, Cellax therapy reduced α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) content by 82% and 70%, respectively, whereas native docetaxel and nab-paclitaxel (albumin-paclitaxel nanoparticle, Abraxane) exerted no significant antistromal activity. In Cellax-treated mice, tumor perfusion was increased by approximately 70-fold (FITC-lectin binding), tumor vascular permeability was enhanced by more than 30% (dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging), tumor matrix was decreased by 2.5-fold (immunohistochemistry), and tumor interstitial fluid pressure was suppressed by approximately 3-fold after Cellax therapy compared with the control, native docetaxel, and nab-paclitaxel groups. The antistromal effect of Cellax treatment corresponded to a significantly enhanced antimetastatic effect: lung nodules were reduced by 7- to 24-fold by Cellax treatment, whereas native docetaxel and nab-paclitaxel treatments were ineffective. Studies of the 4T1 tumor showed that more than 85% of the Cellax nanoparticles were delivered to the α-SMA+ stroma. Significant tumor stromal depletion occurred within 16 hours (∼50% depletion) postinjection, and the α-SMA+ stroma population was almost undetectable (∼3%) by 1 week. The 4T1 tumor epithelial cell population was not significantly reduced in the week after Cellax injection. These data suggest that Cellax targets tumor stroma and performs more efficaciously than docetaxel and nab-paclitaxel.
Temporal pulse spreading of a return lidar signal (1993)

Most spaceborne lidar applications use cross-track or conical scanning to ensure a global coverage of the investigated areas: the return signal of laser pulses shot at an angle with the nadir is biased by a slanting effect that induces a temporal spreading of the received signal as compared with the return signal of a nadir shot. This paper gives the basic formulas of the return signal for both a topographic target (laser range finders) and a diffuse target (atmospheric lidars).
Wanderungstendenzen cyclischer, polycyclischer und methylverzweigter Alkylreste bei der Beckmann‐Umlagerung (1981)

Abstract Die Wanderungstendenzen von polycyclischen Brückenkopfresten, Cycloalkylresten sowie β, γ‐und ‐δ‐verzweigten Alkylresten bei der Chapman‐Variante der Beckmann‐Umlagerung wurden bestimmt. Sie zeigen, daß die wandernde Gruppe im Übergangszustand 2 nicht Carbenium‐Ionen‐Charakter hat, sondern nach weitgehender Beibehaltung ihrer Geometrie eher einer Fünffach koordinierten Carboniumstruktur entspricht, die im Zuge der Umlagerungsreaktion vertikal stabilisiert 4 werden kann.
Interleukin-1 mediates Alzheimer and Lewy body pathologies (2006)

Our findings suggest that IL-1 drives production of substrates necessary for formation of the major neuropathological changes characteristic of AD/LBD.
Complexation of humic substances by allophane (2010)

A siliceous allophane was interacted with soil humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) at various pH to study the complexes of allophane-HA and allophane-FA. Fixation of HA as well as FA reduced with pH due to increasing charges on allophane as well as on the humic molecules. At similar pH, FA showed dramatically lower fixation compared to HA. This was due to more negative charges on FA and its greater hydrophilic nature. The allophane-HA complex was probed by x-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). XRD of allophane-HA complex exhibited little change; it was inferred that the amount of HA was too little in the complex to affect any notable alteration. Except for a broad strong absorption in 3500–3450 cm−1 region, other IR bands remained unaffected; this suggested weak interaction between allophane and HA. The DTA exotherm, however, spread out indicating involvement of various types of bonding in the complexation process.
Editorial Comment (1983)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Sep 1983Editorial Comment Calvin M. Kunin Calvin M. KuninCalvin M. Kunin More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)51259-8AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Editorial Comment." The Journal of Urology, 130(3), p. 480 © 1983 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 130Issue 3September 1983Page: 480 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1983 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Calvin M. Kunin More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Delayed intervention of sporadic renal masses undergoing active surveillance (2008)

The majority of small, sporadic, clinically localized renal tumors demonstrated slow interval growth. The management of these lesions may be delayed cautiously without limiting or complicating the available treatment options or incurring a high risk of disease progression.
Online Small-Sat Knowledge Repositories and Modeling Tools for Risk Reduction and Enhanced Mission Success (2025)

Developers of small satellites face the challenges of a short development schedule, incomplete information about parts from vendors, and limited budgets. The situation is complicated by the need to use commercial electronic parts rather than radiation hardened parts to meet performance and budget constraints. Fortunately, a number of organizations are standing up new modeling and data resources that are available for free online. Motivation for sharing models, part data, and lessons learned include shorter development times, increased mission success likelihood, and training the next generation of space professionals. The purpose of this paper is to make these resources and their complementary capabilities known to the small satellite community. Five free online platforms are discussed that address various parts of the information and modeling challenges posed by when electronics are operated in space, especially commercial electronics. The first platform is the Small Satellite Reliability Initiative (SSRI) Knowledge Base, a Wikipedia-like site that documents knowledge useful for successful small satellite missions. The second platform is Radiation Guidelines for Notional Threat Identification and Classification (RGENTIC), which accepts user input on electronic part types and mission parameters, then produces a list of possible radiation concerns for various part-types. The third platform is Systems Engineering Assurance and Modeling (SEAM), which incorporates architectural system modeling for identifying radiation fault propagation, Goal Structuring Notation, a visual argument scheme for creating radiation assurance cases, and construction of fault trees and Bayesian nets for reliability analysis. The fourth platform is the Parts, Materials and Processes Encyclopedia (PMPedia), a repository for information on relevant information for small satellite performance on electronic parts, material properties, and constructing processes. The fifth platform is Cosmic Ray Effects on Microelectronics (CREME), a collection of tools that enable the user to estimate the effect of the cosmic ray environment on various microelectronic parts. Taken together, these tools can significantly improve the chance of mission success.
Streamlined Human Cell-Based Recombinase-Mediated Cassette Exchange Platform Enables Multigene Expression for the Production of Therapeutic Proteins (2021)

A platform, based on targeted integration of transgenes using recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) coupled with CRISPR/Cas9, is increasingly being used for the development of mammalian cell lines that produce therapeutic proteins, because of reduced clonal variation and predictable transgene expression. However, low efficiency of the RMCE process has hampered its application in multicopy or multisite integration of transgenes. To improve RMCE efficiency, nuclear transport of RMCE components such as site-specific recombinase and donor plasmid was accelerated by incorporation of nuclear localization signal and DNA nuclear-targeting sequence, respectively. Consequently, the efficiency of RMCE in dual-landing pad human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cell lines harboring identical or orthogonal pairs of recombination sites at two well-known human safe harbors (AAVS1 and ROSA26 loci), increased 6.7- and 8.1-fold, respectively. This platform with enhanced RMCE efficiency enabled simultaneous integration of transgenes at the two sites using a single transfection without performing selection and enrichment processes. The use of a homotypic dual-landing pad HEK293 cell line capable of incorporating the same transgenes at two sites resulted in a 2-fold increase in the transgene expression level compared to a single-landing pad HEK293 cell line. In addition, the use of a heterotypic dual-landing pad HEK293 cell line, which can incorporate transgenes for a recombinant protein at one site and an effector transgene for cell engineering at another site, increased recombinant protein production. Overall, a streamlined RMCE platform can be a versatile tool for mammalian cell line development by facilitating multigene expression at genomic safe harbors.
PERIPHERAL NERVE REPAIR USING NON NEURAL SHEATHS AND CONDUITS (1996)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare peripheral nerve regeneration following the use of alternative non neural materials to traditional direct repair techniques and autologous nerve graft. Autologous vein and synthetic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) segments were used to repair standardized defects of the tibial nerve in rabbits. The materials served as sheaths for direct primary repairs and as conduits to bridge a gap in the nerve. Evaluations performed at five months revealed that direct primary repairs ensheathed by vein segments produced a significantly greater number of axons regenerating across the repair site, whereas PTFE, either as a sheath or conduit, failed to improve axonal regeneration. Also, vein conduits used to bridge nerve gaps was less effective than traditional nerve grafts.
The stabilization and targeting of surfactant-synthesized gold nanorods (2009)

The strong cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant responsible for the synthesis and stability of gold nanorod solutions complicates their biomedical applications. The critical parameter to maintain nanorod stability is the ratio of CTAB to nanorod concentration. The ratio is approximately 740,000 as determined by chloroform extraction of the CTAB from a nanorod solution. A comparison of nanorod stabilization by thiol-terminal PEG and by anionic polymers reveals that PEGylation results in higher yields and less aggregation upon removal of CTAB. A heterobifunctional PEG yields nanorods with exposed carboxyl groups for covalent conjugation to antibodies with the zero-length carbodiimide linker EDC. This conjugation strategy leads to approximately two functional antibodies per nanorod according to fluorimetry and ELISA assays. The nanorods specifically targeted cells in vitro and were visible with both two-photon and confocal reflectance microscopies. This covalent strategy should be generally applicable to other biomedical applications of gold nanorods as well as other gold nanoparticles synthesized with CTAB.
Venous collateral drainage patterns predict clinical worsening in dural venous sinus thrombosis (2017)

The type and quality of venous collaterals influence outcome in DVST. VCS helps to identify patients whose condition is likely to deteriorate and may need additional aggressive interventions.
Information structures to secure control of rigid formations with leader-follower architecture (2005)

This paper is concerned with rigid formations of mobile autonomous agents that have leader-follower architecture. In a previous paper, Baillieul and Suri gave a proposition as a necessary condition for stable rigidity. They also gave a separate theorem as a sufficient condition for stable rigidity. This paper suggests an approach to analyze rigid formations that have leader-follower architecture. It proves that the third condition in the proposition given by Baillieul and Suri is redundant, and it proves that this proposition is a necessary and sufficient condition for stable rigidity. Simulation results are also presented to illustrate rigidity.
A characterization and evaluation of coal liquefaction process streams. Quarterly report, April 1--June 30, 1997 (1997)

This is the Technical Progress Report for the twelfth quarter of activities. Described in this report are the following activities: (1) Thirty-nine samples from four run conditions of HTI Run PB-07 were received. Appropriate samples were characterized by proton NMR spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, vacuum distillation, and solvent quality tests. (2) The University of Delaware completed their subcontract this quarter. A meeting was held on April 30, 1997 at the University to close out the subcontract. (3) Twelve sets of samples were chosen from the CONSOL sample bank for the study of the insoluble and presumed unreactive material from process stream samples. Each set consists of the whole process stream and the 454 C{sup +} (850 F{sup +}) distillation resid derived from that process stream. Processing data for all samples were compiled. The samples represent four Wilsonville pilot plant runs and two HTI runs.
New cachexic factors (1998)

Patients with pancreatic cancer show evidence of cachexia at the time of diagnosis, involving not only loss of adipose tissue, but also lean body mass. The shorter survival time of men than women with non-small cell lung cancer has been attributed to their enhanced rate of weight loss. From studies in animal models, various cytokines have been proposed as mediators of the cachectic process, although evidence from human studies is generally lacking. Only serum levels of IL-6 have been found to correlate with the clinical development of cachexia, but this may be a marker for the process rather than the actual mediator, because the direct administration of this cytokine to experimental animals failed to induce cachexia, despite the induction of an acute-phase response. Ciliary neurotrophic factor, a member of the IL-6 superfamily, has, however, been shown to produce loss of muscle mass in experimental animals, although it failed to exert a direct catabolic effect on muscle in vitro. A sulphated glycoprotein found in the urine of patients with cancer cachexia is capable of directly inducing protein catabolism in skeletal muscle by a process involving an increase in prostaglandin E2. Agents capable of attenuating this effect, e.g. eicosapentaenoic acid and ibuprofen, have been shown to stabilize body weight loss in cachectic cancer patients. This pharmacological approach to the treatment of cachexia appears to be more successful than nutritional manipulation.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis or Free Surface Flows in a Rotating Bucket (2002)

The aim of this study was to provide a complete experimental and numerical analysis of the flow in a rotating Pelton bucket. For the experimental analysis, several functioning points have been used in order to study differences which may occur in various situations. This analysis will be mainly provided by the pressure distribution in the bucket and will be supported by flow visualisations. Thanks to these results, five distinct zones within the bucket have been isolated each corresponding to different signal characteristics. The numerical simulation has been performed using the two-phase homogeneous method in an original way by considering the relative path of the jet and the relative velocity changing with the rotation of the wheel. These simulations were performed for the same experimental functioning points.
Memory Facilitation and Stimulation of Endogenous Nerve Growth Factor Synthesis by the Acetylcholine Releaser PG-9 (1998)

The effects of PG-9 (3alpha-tropyl 2-(p-bromophenyl)propionate), the acetylcholine releaser, on memory processes and nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis were evaluated. In the mouse passive-avoidance test, PG-9 (10-30 mg/kg, i.p.), administered 20 min before the training session, prevented amnesia induced by both the non selective antimuscarinic drug scopolamine and the M1-selective antagonist S-(-)-ET-126. In the same experimental conditions, PG-9 (5-20 microg per mouse, i.c.v.) was also able to prevent antimuscarine-induced amnesia, demonstrating a central localization of the activity. At the highest effective doses, PG-9 did not produce any collateral symptoms as revealed by the Irwin test, and it did not modify spontaneous motility and inspection activity, as revealed by the hole-board test. PG-9 was also able to increase the amount of NGF secreted in vitro by astrocytes in a dose-dependent manner. The maximal NGF contents obtained by PG-9 were 17.6-fold of the control value. During culture, no morphological changes were found at effective concentrations of PG-9. The current work indicates the ability of PG-9 to induce beneficial effects on cognitive processes and stimulate activity of NGF synthesis in astroglial cells. Therefore, PG-9 could represent a potential useful drug able to improve the function of impaired cognitive processes.