gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro inhibition of human P450 enzymes by prenylated flavonoids from hops, Humulus lupulus (2000)

1. Several unique flavonoid compounds have recently been isolated from hops, Humulus lupulus, and their presence has been detected in beer. Their chemical structures are similar to other plant-derived compounds, many present in the human diet, that have been shown to have cancer chemopreventive properties due, in part, to inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes that activate carcinogens. Additionally, preliminary studies have shown these flavonoids (at 100 microM) to be inhibitory of P450-mediated activation reactions in a variety of in vitro systems. Thus, the in vitro effects of these phytochemicals on cDNA-expressed human CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP1A2, CYP3A4 and CYP2E1 were currently examined by the use of diagnostic substrates and the carcinogen AFB1. 2. At 10 microM, the prenylated chalcone, xanthohumol (XN), almost completely inhibited the 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity of CYP1A1. At the same concentration, other hop flavonoids decreased the EROD activity by 90.8-27.0%. 3. At 10 microM, XN completely eliminated CYP1B1 EROD activity, whereas the other hop flavonoids showed varying degrees of inhibitory action ranging from 99.3 to 1.8%. 4. In contrast, the most effective inhibitors of CYP1A2 acetanilide 4-hydroxylase activity were the two prenylated flavonoids, 8-prenylnaringenin (8PN) and isoxanthohumol (IX), which produced > 90% inhibition when added at concentrations of 10 microM. 5. CYP1A2 metabolism of the carcinogen AFB1 was also inhibited by IX and 8PN as shown by decreased appearance of dihydrodiols and AFM1 as analysed by hplc. IX and 8PN also decreased covalent binding of radiolabelled AFB1 to microsomal protein in a concomitant manner. 6. XN, IX and 8PN, however, were poor inhibitors of CYP2E1 and CYP3A4 as measured by their effect on chorzoxazone hydroxylase and nifedipine oxidase activities respectively. 7. These results suggest that the hop flavonoids are potent and selective inhibitors of human cytochrome P450 and warrant further in vivo investigations.
NATURAL CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER IN A SHALLOW RECTANGULAR CAVITY WITH DIFFERENT END TEMPERATURES (1981)

The present paper deals numerically with natural convective heat transfer in a confined rectangular cavity with a relatively low geometric aspect ratio H/W (ratio of the height to the width of the cavity) and different vertical-wall temperatures. The numerical calculations, performed by the upwind finite-difference method, are carried out for a confined rectangular cavity with H/W = 0.03-1, Prandtl number Pr= 1-103, and Rayleigh number Ra = 102-106. The numerical results indicate that the geometric aspect ratio significantly affects the rate of heat transfer through the fluid layer. Moreover, useful and convenient correlations of the heat transfer through the fluid layer are derived from the results.
Peptide Ligands Stabilized by Small Molecules (2014)

Abstract Bicyclic peptides generated through directed evolution by using phage display offer an attractive ligand format for the development of therapeutics. Being nearly 100‐fold smaller than antibodies, they promise advantages such as access to chemical synthesis, efficient diffusion into tissues, and needle‐free application. However, unlike antibodies, they do not have a folded structure in solution and thus bind less well. We developed bicyclic peptides with hydrophilic chemical structures at their center to promote noncovalent intramolecular interactions, thereby stabilizing the peptide conformation. The sequences of the peptides isolated by phage display from large combinatorial libraries were strongly influenced by the type of small molecule used in the screen, thus suggesting that the peptides fold around the small molecules. X‐ray structure analysis revealed that the small molecules indeed formed hydrogen bonds with the peptides. These noncovalent interactions stabilize the peptide–protein complexes and contribute to the high binding affinity.
Absence of PKR Attenuates the Anti-HSV-1 Activity of an Adenoviral Vector Expressing Murine IFN- <i>β</i> (2002)

A study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of an adenoviral vector containing the murine interferon-beta (IFN-beta) transgene (Ad:IFN-beta) against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection in two transduced cell lines. The transduction of the adenoviral vector efficiency, ranging from 2% to 100%, was dependent on the multiplicity of infection (moi) (0.4-50 plaque-forming units [pfu]/cell). Supernatants from cells transduced with the Ad:IFN-beta but not the adenoviral null vector (Ad:Null) contained biologically active IFN-beta (6.6-106 U/ml depending on the moi). Cells transduced with the Ad:IFN-beta displayed up to 25-fold reduction in viral titers compared with cells transduced with the Ad:Null or nontransduced cell controls. The suppression in viral titer correlated with a reduction in viral gene (alpha, beta, and gamma) and protein expression. The expression of IFN beta-responsive genes, including protein kinase R (PKR) and 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS), were significantly elevated in the Ad:IFN-beta-transduced cells by 12-fold and 25-fold, respectively. However, after infection with HSV-1, a transient but significant drop in PKR but not OAS gene expression was observed 10 h postinfection. The absence of PKR but not RNase L significantly attenuated the antiviral efficacy of the transgene. Collectively, these results illustrate the feasibility of employing a viral vector to deliver a potent antiviral gene to targeted cells without any obvious detriment to the vector itself and support an important role for PKR as a mediator of the anti-HSV-1 activity of type I IFN.
Studies of the Capsular Substance of Torula Histolytica and the Immunologic Properties of Torula Cells (1947)

Summary A method for the isolation of the capsular substance of Torula histolytica has been described. This material appears to be a polysaccharide and is non-antigenic for rabbits and mice. No demonstrable serologic response or skin sensitivity occurred in rabbits and mice injected with living cells, heat-killed cells, phenol-killed cells, and decapsulated cells.
Correction: EPR detection and characterisation of a paramagnetic Mo(<scp>iii</scp>) dihydride intermediate involved in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution (2016)

Correction for ‘EPR detection and characterisation of a paramagnetic Mo(<sc>iii</sc>) dihydride intermediate involved in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution’ by Christopher Prior, <italic>et al.</italic>, <italic>Dalton Trans.</italic>, 2016, <bold>45</bold>, 2399–2403.
Compression of first-order spectral data using the B-spline zero compression method (1996)

The B-spline zero (B0) compression method has been investigated for three different raw spectrometric data sets, namely NIR reflectance. FT-IR reflectance and UV-VIS transmittance data. The data were modelled with partial least squares (PLS) regression and we have investigated the compression ratio and model dimensionality versus the ability to preserve the information of the original data as a function of knot sequence guide type, i.e. mean, standard deviation (SD) and relative standard deviation (RSD) of the variables. Generally we conclude that the investigated data can be compressed to about 20% of the original number of variables without loss of prediction ability or change in model dimensionality (number of pc's) in comparison with the original data. © 1996 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
π-Bonding between C=C bonds and tin in alkenyltin compounds (1970)

The infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of a number of allyl-, but-3-enyl-, crotyl-, and vinyl-tin compounds in dimethylsulfoxide have been examined and compared with measurements made on solutions in methylene chloride and carbon tetrachloride. It is concluded from the changes which occur in the positions of the ν(C=C) bands and in the chemical shifts of the olefinic protons that there are no significant π-interactions between the d orbitals on tin and the olefinic π-systems.
Mossbauer Spectra and the Structure of Oxide Films Present on Iron After Exposure to Dry Air and to Chromate Solutions at pH 4 (1971)

AbstractAbstractMössbauer spectroscopy has been used to compare the structures of the oxide films present on iron after exposure to air and to a chromate solution of pH 4.It is shown that chromium is incorporated into the oxide lattice, thereby changmg Its structure and properties.
ChemInform Abstract: Reformatsky Reaction: Carboxymethylenation of Cyclic Anhydrides and Reactions of Products Thereof. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Gαo Is Required for L-Canavanine Detection in Drosophila (2013)

Taste is an essential sense for the survival of most organisms. In insects, taste is particularly important as it allows to detect and avoid ingesting many plant toxins, such as L-canavanine. We previously showed that L-canavanine is toxic for Drosophila melanogaster and that flies are able to detect this toxin in the food. L-canavanine is a ligand of DmXR, a variant G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) belonging to the metabotropic glutamate receptor subfamily that is expressed in bitter-sensitive taste neurons of Drosophila. To transduce the signal intracellularly, GPCR activate heterotrimeric G proteins constituted of α, β and γ subunits. The aim of this study was to identify which Gα protein was required for L-canavanine detection in Drosophila. By using a pharmacological approach, we first demonstrated that DmXR has the best coupling with Gαo protein subtype. Then, by using genetic, behavioral assays and electrophysiology, we found that Gαo47A is required in bitter-sensitive taste neurons for L-canavanine sensitivity. In conclusion, our study revealed that Gαo47A plays a crucial role in L-canavanine detection.
Changes in Cell Characteristics Due to Culture Conditions in Cell Lines From Human Small Cell Lung Cancer (1986)

Eight cultured cell lines were established from human small cell lung cancers. Every cell line showed the morphological and biochemical characteristics of small cell cancer. Changes in cell characteristics were observed in many of these cell lines when culture conditions were changed: "oat cell type" changed to "intermediate cell type" and vice versa when serum-free medium was changed to serum-supplemented medium; a deficiency of vitamin A in the medium caused a change to squamous cells and vice versa; and a tumor promoter (teleocidin B) enhanced the adherence of these cells to the surface of plastic culture dishes. These findings provide evidence that many small cell lung cancer cell lines can change their morphology with changes in the environment of the cells.
Spectral characteristics in tissue diagnostics using laser-induced fluorescence (1984)

Extensive studies of laser-induced fluorescence in rat tissues, including cancer tumours have been performed. Contrast enhancement techniques have been developed which greatly improve the ability to localize a tumour when using fluorescence from the tumour-seeking substance hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD). A multi-colour fluorescence imaging technique has been tested. A discussion of clinical applications is also included in this paper.
Cholesterol-Induced Membrane Microvesicles As Novel Carriers of Damage–Associated Molecular Patterns (2012)

Overall, our study implicates MVs from cholesterol-loaded human cells as novel carriers of danger signals. By promoting maladaptive immunologic and thrombotic responses, these particles may contribute to atherothrombosis and other conditions in vivo.
Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir-Based Treatment of Patients with Chronic Genotype-1 HCV Infection and Cirrhosis: Results from Two Phase II Studies (2015)

All ledipasvir/sofosbuvir-based regimens were well-tolerated. To shorten therapy and eliminate ribavirin, use of a more potent third agent or a third agent with a different mechanism of action may be required.
Assignment of the gene coding for the alpha-subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase to human chromosome region 10q21.3-23.1. (1989)

Prolyl 4-hydroxylase, an alpha 2 beta 2 tetramer, catalyzes the formation of 4-hydroxyproline in collagens by the hydroxylation of proline residues in peptide linkages and plays a crucial role in the synthesis of these proteins. The gene for the beta-subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase has recently been mapped to the long arm of human chromosome 17, at band 17q25. We report here chromosomal localization of the gene for the catalytically and regulatorily important alpha-subunit of human prolyl 4-hydroxylase. Analysis of 24 rodent x human cell hybrids by Southern blotting with cDNA probes for the human alpha-subunit indicated complete cosegregation of the gene for the alpha-subunit with human chromosome 10. A cell hybrid containing only part of chromosome 10 mapped the gene to 10q11----qter. In situ hybridization mapped the gene to 10q21.3-23.1. The gene for the alpha-subunit is thus not physically linked to that for the beta-subunit of the enzyme.
Universal Approaches to Youth Suicide Prevention (2005)

Abstract In this chapter, we focus on suicide prevention programs that have taken a universal approach, targeting youth in specific settings regardless of individual risk factors. One particularly widespread approach targets youth where they are most accessible–in the schools. Although the ultimate goal of all suicide prevention programs is to reduce death by suicide, school-based programs typically focus on more proximal outcomes. Two broad types of universal prevention programs have been especially common. The first includes educational programs that aim to increase students' knowledge and awareness about suicidal behavior, encourage troubled students to seek help, and improve recognition of at-risk students by teachers, counselors, and other “gatekeepers” within the school or community settings. In the second category are screening programs that seek to identify and refer to treatment youth who are at risk for suicidal behavior. In each category, suicide prevention efforts have been separately designed for high school and college students. In the following pages, we summarize these universal programs, identifying for each broad type the underlying assumptions and specific program examples, and providing a summary critique of the approach.
Optoelectronic component, integration and packaging technology advancements, and their impact on massively parallel interconnects (2003)

The Honeywell Technology Center is developing an integrated optical interconnect fabric consisting of a variety of device, integration and packaging technologies designed to address massively parallel interconnects within backplanes and from chip to chip. For these interconnects comprising distances of 10 meters or less, the focus is upon reducing costs by increasing the levels of integration while still achieving high yields, utilizing low cost CMOS circuits whenever possible, developing reliable, robust, low power dissipation optoelectronic devices, and robust scalable interconnection systems. The initial chassis to chassis through a fiber array cable, or connect board to board through the use of fibers laminated to the board. Subsequently, chip to chip optical interconnects can further improve connectivity from chip to chip by implementing "smart pixel array" (SPA) technology. SPA modules integrate two dimensional (2D) arrays of optoelectronic device (VCSELs and photodetectors), silicon based electronic processing, drive and receive circuitry, and the passive optics required to condition and route the input and output optical beams.
The role of patient perception of crowding in the determination of real-time patient satisfaction at Emergency Department (2017)

While heterogeneity exists in the degree of agreement between objective and patient perceived assessments of ED crowding, in our study we observed that higher degrees of ED crowding at admission might be associated with lower real-time patient satisfaction.
Mechanism of Protein Synthesis Inhibition by Didemnin B in Vitro (1995)

The cytotoxic and immunosuppressive marine depsipeptide didemnin B is a potent inhibitor of protein biosynthesis in intact cells. Here, didemnin B is shown to inhibit protein synthesis in vitro during the elongation cycle, by preventing eukaryotic elongation factor 2-(eEF-2-) dependent translocation. No inhibition of aminoacyl-tRNA delivery or of peptidyltransferase activity is observed. Didemnin B stimulates eEF-1 alpha-dependent aminoacyl-tRNA binding to rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes, and eEF-1 alpha is required for inhibition of the subsequent translocation of phenylalanyl-tRNA(Phe) from the A- to the P-site. These observations suggest that didemnin B prevents translocation by stabilizing aminoacyl-tRNA bound to the ribosomal A-site, similar to the antibiotic kirromycin, and consistent with the known affinity of didemnins for elongation factor eEF-1 alpha [Crews et al. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 15411]. Unlike kirromycin, didemnin B does not prevent peptide bond formation, so inhibition is observed only at the translocation step. Inhibition of translocation by didemnin B is attenuated by increasing concentrations of eEF-2.
Factorial mixture of gaussians and the marginal independence model (2009)

Marginal independence constraints play an important role in learning with graphical models. One way of parameterizing a model of marginal independencies is by building a latent variable model where two independent observed variables have no common latent source. In sparse domains, however, it might be advantageous to model the marginal observed distribution directly, without explicitly including latent variables in the model. There have been recent advances in Gaussian and binary models of marginal independence, but no models with non-linear dependencies between continuous variables has been proposed so far. In this paper, we describe how to generalize the Gaussian model of marginal independencies based on mixtures, and how to learn parameters. This requires a nonstandard parameterization and raises difficult non-linear optimization issues.
Economic comparison of basic energy storage system control strategies (2014)

The paper is concerned with the comparison of four basic control strategies of the on-board energy storage system. The energy storage system is able to increase the tram efficiency and decrease operating costs. The comparing criteria are energy savings of strategies. Energy savings are calculated via stochastic model of the real tram line. Return on the investment is also estimated in this paper.
Life lessons from and for distributed MPC – Part 2: Choice of decision makers (2018)

<p>This paper and an accompanying paper (McNamara et al., 2018) revisit the Distributed Predictive Control (DMPC) literature and seek to establish links with the social behaviour, focusing in particular on ways in which DMPC could be used to provide insights into the mechanisms of group regulation in social systems. It will be noted that there are major differences between the way in which DMPC algorithms and Social Human Participants (SHPs) form their respective decisions.</p><p>Whereas in a first paper (McNamara et al., 2018) we concentrated on the dynamics of the cooperation and the weightings in the agents’ decision, the present paper extends the discussion to the arrangements in the group of decision makers. This paper concludes with some caveats as regards further analyses of social system using the methods proposed in these two papers.</p>
Outbreak of Hantavirus Infection in the Four Corners Region of the United States in the Wake of the 1997–1998 El Niño–Southern Oscillation (2000)

Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), a rodent-borne zoonosis, has been endemic in the Americas for at least several decades. It is hypothesized that the 1991-1992 El Niño-southern oscillation (ENSO) caused increased precipitation that allowed an increase in rodent population densities, thereby increasing the possibility of transmission to humans. The result was a 1993-1994 outbreak of the disease in the Four Corners states of the southwestern United States. A second strong ENSO occurred in 1997-1998, after a period of considerable public education about the risks of hantavirus infection that began during the 1993-1994 outbreak. The caseload of HCPS increased 5-fold above baseline in the Four Corners states in 1998-1999. Regions that had received increased rainfall in 1998 were especially affected. A large majority of the 1998-1999 case patients reported indoor exposure to deer mice. Hantavirus outbreaks can occur in response to abiotic events, even in the face of extensive public education and awareness.
Role of the thymus in programming of neuroendocrine functions. (1975)

Specific derangements of thyroid and gonadal functions were observed in athymic nude and neonatally thymectomized mice. Such endocrine alterations are already established during the perinatal period and maintained through adult life. Passive transfer of lymphoid cells from normal donors does not prevent such alterations. In nude mice thymus implantation at birth fully reconstitutes oestrogenic function, but thyroid and progestational functions remain defective. Peripheral endocrine glands (thyroid, adrenals and ovaries) respond normally to ACTH, TSH and LH. Thus the thymus may well have a basic role in the organization of the adult hypothalamus-pituitary axis for thyroid and sexual functions.
Specific Responses in Rat Small Intestinal Epithelial mRNA Expression and Protein Levels During Chemotherapeutic Damage and Regeneration (2002)

The rapidly dividing small intestinal epithelium is very sensitive to the cytostatic drug methotrexate. We investigated the regulation of epithelial gene expression in rat jejunum during methotrexate-induced damage and regeneration. Ten differentiation markers were localized on tissue sections and quantified at mRNA and protein levels relative to control levels. We analyzed correlations in temporal expression patterns between markers. mRNA expression of enterocyte and goblet cell markers decreased significantly during damage for a specific period. Of these, sucrase-isomaltase (-62%) and CPS (-82%) were correlated. Correlations were also found between lactase (-76%) and SGLT1 (-77%) and between I-FABP (-52%) and L-FABP (-45%). Decreases in GLUT5 (-53%), MUC2 (-43%), and TFF3 (-54%) mRNAs occurred independently of any of the other markers. In contrast, lysozyme mRNA present in Paneth cells increased (+76%). At the protein level, qualitative and quantitative changes were in agreement with mRNA expression, except for Muc2 (+115%) and TFF3 (+81%), which increased significantly during damage, following independent patterns. During regeneration, expression of each marker returned to control levels. The enhanced expression of cytoprotective molecules (Muc2, TFF3, lysozyme) during damage represents maintenance of goblet cell and Paneth cell functions, most likely to protect the epithelium. Decreased expression of enterocyte-specific markers represents decreased enterocyte function, of which fatty acid transporters were least affected.