gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measuring User Satisfaction on Smart Speaker Intelligent Assistants Using Intent Sensitive Query Embeddings (2018)

Intelligent assistants are increasingly being used on smart speaker devices, such as Amazon Echo, Google Home, Apple Homepod, and Harmon Kardon Invoke with Cortana. Typically, user satisfaction measurement relies on user interaction signals, such as clicks and scroll movements, in order to determine if a user was satisfied. However, these signals do not exist for smart speakers, which creates a challenge for user satisfaction evaluation on these devices. In this paper, we propose a new signal, user intent, as a means to measure user satisfaction. We propose to use this signal to model user satisfaction in two ways: 1) by developing intent sensitive word embeddings and then using sequences of these intent sensitive query representations to measure user satisfaction; 2) by representing a user's interactions with a smart speaker as a sequence of user intents and thus using this sequence to identify user satisfaction. Our experimental results indicate that our proposed user satisfaction models based on the intent-sensitive query representations have statistically significant improvements over several baselines in terms of common classification evaluation metrics. In particular, our proposed task satisfaction prediction model based on intent-sensitive word embeddings has a 11.81% improvement over a generative model baseline and 6.63% improvement over a user satisfaction prediction model based on Skip-gram word embeddings in terms of the F1 metric. Our findings have implications for the evaluation of Intelligent Assistant systems.
CRAWDAD dataset microsoft/osdi2006 (v. 2007-05-23) (2007)

The authors gathered a detailed trace of network activity at OSDI 2006 to enable analysis of the behavior of a wireless LAN that is (presumably) heavily used.
PROLONGED SKIN ALLOGRAFT SURVIVAL AFTER PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY ASSOCIATED WITH MODIFICATION OF DONOR SKIN ANTIGENICITY1 (1997)

Since engaging T cell receptors in the absence of costimulation results in suboptimal activation of T cells and ultimately anergy, it appears that the immunomodulatory effects of low-dose PDT associated with extended engraftment may depend upon decreased LC expression of major histocompatibility complex and costimulatory molecules.
Effects of Heat Shock on Cytolysis Mediated by NK Cells, LAK Cells, Activated Monocytes and TNFs α and β (1990)

We have recently shown that a heat treatment of a murine target cell line, WEHI 164, induces resistance to lysis mediated by tumour necrosis factors alpha (TNF-alpha) and beta (TNF-beta). In the present study the effect of the heat shock of target cells on cytotoxicity mediated by natural killer cells (NK cells), lymphocyte-activated killer cells (LAK cells), activated monocytes, TNF-alpha, and TNF-beta was investigated. First, WEHI 164 cell line and six human cell lines (ME 180, K 562, U 937, HeLa, MCF7, and SK-OV 3) were screened for their sensitivity to different forms of lysis, and then sensitive cell lines were heat-treated. Pretreatment of target cells at 42 degrees C for 45-60 min also rendered human target cell lines more resistant to lysis by rTNFs, and the acquired resistance was accompanied by an increased resistance to activated monocytes, but not to NK cells or LAK cells. Thus, the heat-induced resistance mechanisms capable of protecting target cells from lysis by rTNFs and by activated monocytes do not elicit resistance to lysis by NK cells and LAK cells, supporting the hypothesis that mediators other than TNFs are involved in NK cell- and LAK cell-mediated killing.
Organic Sulfur Compounds in the Producer Gas from Wood and Grass Gasification (2011)

The organic sulfur content of the producer gas from wood and grass gasification is presented. Measurements were conducted using a liquid quench based sampling system and a GC/SCD (gas chromatograph coupled with a sulfur chemiluminescence detector) for analysis of liquid samples generated. For grass gasification up to 33 different compounds have been detected in the producer gas, while for wood gasification, only 5 different compounds have been detected, in a much lower concentration. The influence of oxidizing agent in the SCD plasma burner is also evaluated.
Reduction by Cefodizime of the Pulmonary Inflammatory Response Induced by Heat-Killed <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> in Mice (1998)

It has recently become apparent that overwhelming inflammatory reactions contribute to the high mortality rate associated with pneumococcal infection in immunocompetent hosts. Cefodizime (CEF) is an antibiotic that seems to be endowed with immunomodulating properties. To investigate the influence of CEF on the pulmonary inflammatory response induced by Streptococcus pneumoniae, we infected mice with repeated intranasal inoculations of 10(7) CFU of heat-killed fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled bacteria, which are insensitive to the killing properties of the drug. CEF downregulated but did not abolish the strong polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) recruitment induced by S. pneumoniae. PMN recruitment was not primarily mediated by leukotriene B4 in this model. The drug did not interfere with intrinsic mechanisms of phagocytosis by PMNs and alveolar macrophages. CEF totally abrogated the pneumococcus-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The drug also prevented IL-6 release in lung homogenates and partly inhibited TNF-alpha, but it did not interfere with IL-1alpha secretion in the lungs of infected mice. The fractional and selective downregulation of inflammatory cells and cytokines by CEF suggests cell-specific and intracellular specific mechanisms of interaction of the drug. The immunomodulatory properties of CEF may help restrain excessive inflammatory reactions, thus contributing to the reported good clinical efficacy of the drug against lower respiratory tract infections.
A Water and Energy Management System for Technical and Economic Control (1979)

Management for effective control must encompass readily available technology. Technology must be coupled with precise compatible management practices. A management system for total economic control can be constructed for specific systems by detailing all parameters and limitations that technically and economically affect the operation. The principles involved for a systemized program to achieve the most effective results must embrace the overall business objectives, applied technology, established standards, and management techniques including, most importantly, the detailed corrective action procedures for maintaining, on a continuing basis, optimum control. This paper presents the details for "building" an energy management system for technical and economic control which establishes this control at the correct management level on a continuing basis.
Factors Influencing the Formation of the Carbon Dioxide Radical Anion (CO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>) Spin Adduct of Pbn in the Rat Liver Metabolism of Halocarbons (1988)

Spin trapping techniques have been used to detect free radicals generated from the in vitro metabolism by rat liver microsomes of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and bromotrichloromethane (BrCCl3) under conditions of varying oxygen tension and pH. Dispersions of rat liver microsomes incubated with 12CCl4, 13CCl4 or Br12CCl3, alpha-phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) and NADPH/NADH in a phosphate buffer varying in pH from 6.6 to 8.0 under varying oxygen tensions produced various amounts of four different PBN adducts: PBN-CCl3, PBN-L, PBN-OL and PBN-CO2- where L is a carbon-centered lipid type radical and LO is an oxygen-centered lipid type radical. The relative amount of PBN-CO2- increases with the absence of oxygen. With the use of 31P-NMR in vivo spectroscopy it was possible to detect a pH change from 7.4 to 6.8 in the livers of rats treated with CCl4 or BrCCl3. These results suggest that halocarbon metabolism in biological systems may depend on both oxygen tension as well as pH.
Synthesis of “Reversed” Methylenecyclopropane Analogues of Antiviral Phosphonates (2006)

Synthesis of "reversed" methylenecyclopropane analogues of nucleoside phosphonates 6a,7a, 6b, and 7b is described. 1-Bromo-1-bromomethylcyclopropane 8 was converted to the bromocyclopropyl phosphonate 9 by Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction with triisopropyl phosphite. Base-catalyzed beta-elimination and deacetylation gave the key Z- and E-hydroxymethylcyclopropyl phosphonates 10 and 11 separated by chromatography. The Mitsunobu type of alkylation of 10 or 11 with adenine or 2-amino-6-chloropurine afforded phosphonates 12a, 12b, 13a, and 13b. Acid hydrolysis furnished the adenine and guanine analogues 6a, 7a, 6b, and 7b. The E and Z configuration was assigned on the basis of NOE experiments with phosphonates 6b and 7b. All Z- and E-isomers were also distinguished by different chemical shifts of CH2O or CH2N (H4 or H4'). Significant differences of the chemical shifts of the cyclopropane C3(3') carbons and coupling constants 3JP,C2(2') or 3JP,C3(3') selective for the Z- or E-isomers were also noted. Phosphonates 6a, 7a, 6b, and 7b are devoid of significant antiviral activity.
Semantic Grid Infrastructure for Applications in Biomedicine (2005)

Abstract. In this paper, we present a prototype design of a semantic adaptive grid infrastructure called SEAGRIN, based on a decentralized execution of workflows. The design of the infrastructure is motivated by the needs of a biomedical grid. We provide an overview of current semantic grid technologies along with discussion of their suitability for this particular purpose. We address some of the shortcomings of existing solutions in our proposed infrastructure.
Acoustic Tomography for Reservoir Surveillance (1991)

Bima Field, offshore northwest Java, is a sizeable reservoir containing reserves of approximately 700 MM bbls OOIP with a 50 BCF gas cap. At present only the northern 1/3 of the field is developed, with 7 platforms and 54 producing wells, of which 20 are horizontal. The field has multiple drive mechanisms and high viscosity oil (21 cp), resulting in rapid GOR and water-cut increase after 3 years of production. The high stakes (both reserves and facility investments) and the reservoir's complexities, make an effective reservoir management scheme critical. For this reason an integrated geological, geophysical and engineering description was carried out to provide a 3-D Reservoir Simulation Model to evaluate development options. Geologically, the Oligo-Miocene age Batu Raja Limestone was deposited on the Seribu Platform, a basement-controlled, fault- bounded structure. The Upper Batu Raja carbonate build-up is thickest on the structurally highest parts of the platform where the rock comprises a series of "cleaning upwards" cycles (muddy deposits overlain by progressively more grain-rich sediments). A Lower Miocene drop in sea-level caused subaerial exposure of much of the platform and leaching by meteoric fluids. This diagenetic event resulted in contrasts in the reservoir quality (porosity, permeability, fluid saturations) at various intervals of the Upper Batu Raja. Based on these dissimilarities, the reservoir was zoned into 6 model layers. Once zonation was established, well logs could be calibrated to whole and sidewall core. A dense grid of seismic data were used to map the Batu Raja structure. From these data, color seismic inversion sections were produced and calibrated to the well logs. The calibrated seismic data were then used to map the top of structure, the carbonate build-up's edges, the total thickness of the Upper Batu Raja (needed to control aquifer size in the model) and the thickness of the main pay zone (layers 1-3). Engineering reservoir description began with a detailed compilation of capillary pressure, relative permeability, production and DST data. The 3-D simulation model required special treatments, including varying the GOC depths to honor separate gas cap closures; making permeability pressure dependent in poorly-consolidated zones; and setting up horizontal well completion treatments. Results suggest that water injection into the oil rim and gas cap is an effective approach toward maximizing recoveries and minimizing gas cap resaturation. However, waterflood reserves are sensitive to injection timing. The synergistic approach of geological, engineering and geophysical input into the Bima reservoir study has had impact by delivering a reservoir management tool that can evaluate future development expansion and possible gas sales. The simulation model can also track fluid migration during the field's producing life. The geological/geophysical model led to an enhanced understanding of Batu Raja depositional and diagenetic processes that has potential in regional exploration strategies.
Chronic Pancreatitis (2015)

This chapter summarizes, evaluates, and provides practical recommendations based on the current level of knowledge with respect to definition, etiology, diagnosis, and management of all forms of chronic pancreatitis in adults. It describes the clinical symptoms and diagnostic approach to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Chronic ischemia due to arteriosclerosis as a consequence of smoking may also be a cofactor. The chapter also shows the interplay between genetic and environmental factors in various forms of chronic pancreatitis. The most common cause of an acute exacerbation is continued alcohol abuse or dietary triggers. Acute exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis manifests in two forms, irrespective of underlying etiology: acute interstitial edematous pancreatitis with a mortality of below 1% and acute hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis with mortality between 10% and 24%. The most important differential diagnosis is pancreatic cancer. Surgery is indicated for some patients with chronic pancreatitis suffering from intractable pain and/or local complications.
Mitochondria removal by autophagy (2011)

Mitochondrial dysfunction has severe cellular consequences and is linked with neurodegenerative diseases and aging. Maintaining a healthy population of mitochondria is thus essential for proper cellular homeostasis. Several strategies have evolved to prevent and limit mitochondria damage, and macroautophagy plays a role in degrading superfluous or severely damaged mitochondria. Selective removal of mitochondria by autophagy (termed mitophagy) has been extensively studied recently in both yeast and mammalian cells. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of mitophagy. We also compare the molecular process of mitophagy with other types of specific autophagic pathways and discuss its biological importance.
ARTIFICIAL HYBRIDIZATION BETWEEN DIFFERENT POLYPLOID LEVELS IN GLANDULARIA (VERBENACEAE) (1968)

The hexaploid North American species Glandularia elegans has been crossed with the South American diploid species G. stellaroides, G. peruviana , and G. pulchella . Analysis of the behavior of chromosomes at meiosis in the hybrid indicates that the chromosomes of G. pulchella are similar to one of the genomes of G. elegans . Non‐homologous pairing and presence of multivalents also indicates that G. elegans is a segmental allohexaploid derived most likely from South American ancestors.
Photo-Targeted Nanoparticles (2009)

We report a novel and simple proof-of-concept of a nanoparticulate system that targets any tissue selectively upon illumination. Nanoparticles were covalently functionalized with the amino acid sequence YIGSR, which adheres to the beta1 integrins present on most cell surfaces. This peptide was masked with a caging group, rendering it biologically inert. Illumination with UV light released the caging group from the YIGSR, allowing binding to cells.
Alternated bimetallic [Ru–M] (M = Fe<sup>2+</sup>, Zn<sup>2+</sup>) coordination polymers based on [Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> units connected to bis-terpyridine ligands: synthesis, electrochemistry and photophysics in solution or in thin film on electrodes (2014)

A [Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> complex bearing two free terpyridines is used to obtain coordination polymers with photoredox activities.
Enhancement of an integrated packet/flow model for TCP Performance (2004)

Processor sharing (PS) models nicely capture the bandwidth sharing and statistical multiplexing effect of TCP at the flow-level. However, these 'rough' models do not provide insight into the impact of packet-level parameters (round trip time, buffer size) on performance metrics such as throughput and flow transfer times. In a previous paper an analytical, integrated packet/flow model was developed, exploiting the advantages of PS approach at the flow-level, while incorporating the most significant packet-level effects. In the present paper we propose an enhancement of this model, which is validated through extensive NS simulations. The numerical results show that this enhancement leads to significantly better performance approximations than the originally proposed model.
Molecular Structure and Component Blending Effects on Knock Related Chemistry (1987)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Atmospheric pressure flow reactor experiments were conducted on the oxidation and pyrolysis of n-octane and iso-octane and the oxidation of blends of iso-octane and n-heptane have led to the conclusions that a) the difference in knocking tendency of fuels may result primarily from the comparative oxidation rates of the intermediates rather than the rate of attack on the initial fuel molecule, b) certain small unsaturated hydrocarbons interfere with the oxidation of other intermediates and serve as model compounds for the development of octane number enhancers, c) high temperature homogeneous oxidation chemistry of n-heptane/iso-octane mixtures and single component paraffin fuels can be correlated with the global phenomena of octane number measurement in a test engine, d) the contribution of thermal and oxidative processes to the rapid decay of the initial fuel can be evaluated from rate parameters from pyrolysis studies of pure hydrocarbon fuels.</div>
Selective Reduction of Hydroxy Carbonyl to Carbonyl Compounds with Trialkylborane/Trifluoromethanesulfonic Acid (1991)

Triethyl- or triisopropylborane/trifluoromethanesulfonic (triflic) acid is a convenient reagent for the selective reduction of hydroxy substituted carboxylic acids, ketones and aldehydes to yield the corresponding carbonyl compounds. The scope of the reaction, experimental conditions and suggested mechanism are discussed.
A Comparison of Conventional and In-Situ Audiometry on Participants with Varying Levels of Sensorineural Hearing Loss (2015)

Differences between conventional PTA and in-situ threshold levels may be attributed to (1) frequency, (2) device/hearing loss, and (3) calibration/manufacturer effects. Frequency effects primarily resulting in an overestimation of hearing loss by in-situ audiometry in the low and mid frequencies are mainly due to sound drain-off through vents and leaks. Device/hearing loss effects may be due to leakage as well as boundary effects because in-situ audiometry is confined to a limited measurement range. Finally, different calibration approaches may result in different offset levels between PTA and in-situ audiometry calibration. In some cases, the observed threshold differences of up to 10-15 dB may translate to varied hearing aid fittings for the same user depending on how hearing threshold levels were measured.
Th17 cell development: from the cradle to the grave (2013)

T cells surviving the clonal selection process emigrate from the thymus to the periphery as immature naive T cells. In the periphery, upon activation under specific cytokine milieus, naive T cells adopt specific effector phenotypes, e.g. T-helper 1 (Th1), Th2, or Th17, and acquire diverse functions to control a myriad of pathogens, tissue injuries, and other immunological insults. Interleukin-23 (IL-23) is one of the key cytokines that shapes the development and function of Th17 cells with characteristic expression of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γ-t (RORγt), IL-17, IL-22, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). More recently, emerging data suggest that IL-23 also promotes development of 'natural Th17' (nTh17) cells that arise from the thymus, analogous to natural regulatory T cells (nTreg). We are just beginning to understand the unique thymic developmental path of nTh17 cells, which are distinct from antigen-experienced memory Th17 cells. In this review, we explore the differentiation and function of inducible, natural, and memory Th17 subsets, which encompass a broad range of immune functions while maintaining tissue hemostasis, and highlight the participation of IL-23 during the life cycle of Th17 cells.
Requirement of the Movement Protein for Long Distance Spread of Tobacco Mosaic Virus in Grafted Plants (1997)

Systemic spread of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) that lacks a functional movement protein (TMVΔMP) was investigated in grafted tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants. Transgenic plants that express the 30-kDa movement protein (MP) gene (MP) under the control of the rolC (phloem-specific) or pal2 (xylem-specific) promoters were unable to support systemic infection by the mutant virus, while plants that express the MP gene from the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (35S:MP) led to systemic infection. Doubly grafted plants were constructed in which plants containing the 35S:MP gene were used as root stock and plants carrying various MP constructs constituted the middle scion. The upper scion contained the 35S:MP gene in plants that produce a hypersensitive response when systemically infected by TMV. TMVΔMP moved systemically and produced complete necrosis in the upper scion when expression of MP in the middle scion was under the control of the rolC or 35S promoter, but not when the pal2 promoter was used. When plants expressing a gene encoding a defective MP were used as the middle scion, there was no systemic infection by TMVΔMP, and a delay in systemic infection by wild-type TMV. In grafted plants with middle scions that expressed the TMV 54 kDa gene sequence there was no apparent systemic infection by TMVΔMP in the upper scion. The results obtained indicate that the MP has a role in long distance movement, and support the suggestion that replication is necessary for systemic infection of these grafted plants.
ChemInform Abstract: METAL COMPLEXES OF SULPHUR LIGANDS PART 7, REACTION OF MER‐TRICHLOROTRIS(DIMETHYLPHENYLPHOSPHINE)RHODIUM(III) WITH N,N‐DIMETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE, DIMETHYL‐ AND DIPHENYLPHOSPHINODITHIOATE, AND O‐ETHYL DITHIOCARBONATE (XANTHATE) LIGANDS (1974)

Abstract Bei der Titelreaktion der Verbindung (I) mit den Dithiosäuren im Überschuß in Methan01 werden die Komplexe (II) erhalten, die durch Umkristallisation in nicht‐polaren Lösungsmitteln in die Komplexe (III) übergehen.
Fluorescence Studies on New Epoxypolymer—Dye Compositions for Ultrafast Wavelength Shifters (1996)

Fast wavelength shifters with fluorescence decay times in the low nanosecond range were prepared from mixtures of various dyes in epoxypolymer compositions on the base of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) with hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) or trimethoxyboroxine (TMBOX). Three possible sample preparation methods yielding high transmittance and high-fluorescence intensity were compared. The characteristics of the new wavelength shifters were determined with continuous-wave (cw) excitation of the fluorescence and by pulsed-laser excitation, the latter coupled with an analysis of the fluorescence decay times. The cw emission and time-resolved fluorescence spectra of these new wavelength shifters were studied as a function of component concentration in order to optimize the decay times, the emission peaks, and the quantum efficiencies for potential use in high-energy particle detectors. The mean decay times of most of the epoxypolymer–dye mixtures were found to be 2.6–3.1 ns, which is significantly shorter than the wavelength shifters currently in use. We also used fluorescence techniques to study the cure kinetics and fluorescence yields in epoxypolymer–diglycidyl ether of 3′,3″-dihydroxy-2,5-diphenyloxadiazole (DGEPOD) compositions.