gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High speed puncture impact studies of three low pressure styrene thermoplastic structural foam plaques (1983)

Abstract The constant velocity puncture impact characteristics of three polystyrene low pressure thermoplastic structural foam plaques manufactured at identical processing conditions were measured. The test results showed that the impact performance varied, significantly over the plaque but with less variation between plaques. However, the variation does illustrate the difficulty in predicting impact performance of TSF parts. The specimens failed in a brittle manner though some did exhibit ductile compression under the impactor before the plaque failed in a brittle manner. The energy to fracture was satisfactorily correlated with a power law relationship.
Flame soot generated under controlled combustion conditions: Heterogeneous reaction of NO<sub>2</sub> on hexane soot (2002)

Abstract We used a Combustion Aerosol Standard burner unit that affords controlled and adjustable flame conditions, and adapted it for use with liquid fuel. We prepared samples of hexane soot under different well‐defined combustion conditions, and probed the chemical properties of hexane soot by using its heterogeneous interaction with NO 2 in a Knudsen flow reactor. Soot generated under conditions of fuel to oxygen ratio near stoichiometry (λ = 0.82) produced HONO as the main product. Yields of HONO decreased for soot generated under lean conditions (λ = 0.16). Finally, NO was the principal product of the reaction for soot generated under extremely lean conditions (λ = 0.09) corresponding to the lower flammability limit. We may conclude that the combustion conditions determined surface properties gauged by the heterogeneous NO 2 –soot interaction. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 620–631, 2002
An exteroceptive reflex in the sternocleidomastoid muscle produced by electrical stimulation of the supraorbital nerve in normal subjects and patients with spasmodic torticollis (1989)

We examined suppression of EMG activity in the contracting sternocleidomastoid muscles, produced by electrical stimulation of the supraorbital nerve in 10 normal subjects and 9 patients with spasmodic torticollis. This exteroceptive reflex in the sternocleidomastoid muscle consisted of 2 or 3 phases: (1) an early, small, and unstable phase of facilitation, followed by (2) a period of suppression beginning 35 msec after the stimulus, lasting for 35 msec with a reduction in EMG activity to approximately 40% of the prestimulus level, and (3) a further phase of facilitation at a latency of 70 msec, with duration 35 msec and an increase in EMG activity to approximately 35% above prestimulus levels. The latency and duration of the suppressive phase of this reflex were similar to the exteroceptive suppression of EMG activity in the masseter muscle after supraorbital nerve stimulation (masseter silent period). In patients with spasmodic torticollis, the depth of this exteroceptive suppression in the sternocleidomastoid muscles was less than that observed in an age-matched cohort of normal subjects, although the latency and duration were normal. In contrast, exteroceptive suppression in the masseter muscle was normal. These findings suggest abnormal function of inhibitory interneuronal networks between the 5th cranial nerve and the motor neurons of the spinal accessory and upper cervical nerves which mediate exteroceptive suppression in the sternocleidomastoid muscle in patients with spasmodic torticollis.
New methods of burden distribution control in bell-armour charging. (1984)

Under the present situation which is forced to reduce the productivity of the all coke operation, it is important to establish such a distribution adjusting technique as to maintain an adequate peripheral gas flow and a sharp central gas flow simultaneously. The gas distribution in a furnace equipped with a bell-armour in comparison with that of the bell-less top has a tendency to flatten owing to the difference in size segregation behaviour in the radial direction, thus posing a problem in micro-control of the burden distribution.The authors have recently developed a new technique of controlling the burden distribution by the movable armour and applied it to Chiba No. 5 Blast Furnace. The technique is aimed at improving the layer thickness and promoting the particle size segregation in the radial direction, slowing down the raw material discharging rate from the bell by controlling the bell stroke and speed.By the application of this technique, it has made possible to strengthen both the peripheral gas flow and central gas flow simultaneously, and thus has greatly contributed to stabilizing the furnace condition and extention of the permitted limit for operation under the recent circumstances of reduced production.
Differential effects of embryonic immobilization on the development of fibrocartilaginous skeletal elements. (2000)

The importance of mechanical influences during skeletal development has been well established in both experimental studies and computer models. Under conditions of embryonic immobilization, it has been observed that the early stages of joint formation proceed normally (up to and including interzone formation), but the later stages of joint cavitation and maintenance are impaired, resulting in fusion of the cartilaginous elements across the presumptive joint line. Two structures in particular are noticeably absent from late-stage synovial joints in immobilized chick embryos: the menisci of the tibiofemoral joint and the plantar tarsal sesamoid of the tibiotarsal joint. Both of these fibrocartilaginous structures are known to serve mechanical functions in postnatal animals, helping to distribute loads within the joint and, in the case of sesamoid structures, to provide a mechanical advantage to muscles acting across the joint. We demonstrate in this study that embryonic immobilization differentially affects the developmental fate of these two distinct fibrocartilages. The absence of the plantar tarsal sesamoid in late-stage immobilized embryos is due to a failure in the initial formation of this structure. In contrast, the early stages of meniscus formation proceed normally. Without the normal mechanical stimuli of skeletal muscle contractions, however, the meniscus fails to mature and ultimately degenerates.
Shigellemia in a post renal transplant patient: a case report and literature review (2014)

Shigellemia is a complication of shigellosis that occurs generally in malnourished children. In adults, shigellemia is usually seen in immunocompromised individuals. Here we report the first case of shigellemia in a renal transplant patient from India. The patient had history of diarrhea, which was treated symptomatically. Subsequently, the patient developed high-grade fever and blood culture was positive for Shigella flexneri. Recovery was uneventful after the initiation of antimicrobial therapy. In a country like India with high prevalence of shigellosis, screening for Shigella in the pre-transplant period may minimize the morbidity and prolonged hospital stay associated with the complication of septicemia.
Clinical Significance and Sonographic Diagnosis of Velamentous Umbilical Cord Insertion (1992)

In order to evaluate the clinical significance of velamentous cord insertion (VCI) and the role of ultrasound in its diagnosis, all 82 cases of VCI during January 1985 to January 1989 at the Mount Sinai Medical Center were reviewed. The overall rate of VCI in our study (0.5%) was similar to that of previous reports. Pregnancy outcomes in VCI patients with 77 singleton gestations were compared with a control group of 15,865 patients. In contrast to the existing literature, multiparity and prior cesarean section deliveries were not increased in pregnancies with VCI. The VCI group had more intrapartum complications and a lower birthweight than the controls. Routine nontargeted obstetric ultrasound failed to detect any cases of VCI, including three cases of vasa previa. Since VCI was not identified prenatally and many of its sequelae are readily identifiable only during the intrapartum period, the potential for preemptive obstetric intervention appears to be limited. In addition, failure to diagnose apparent VCI during a routine ultrasound does not appear to be a departure from the standard of care.
MODELING OF EDDY CURRENT LOSS AND TEMPERATURE OF THE MAGNETS IN PERMANENT MAGNET MACHINES (2011)

The eddy current loss in the magnets of permanent magnet (PM) motors in a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) and plug-in HEV is usually not taken into consideration in traditional motor design and analysis. However, due to the high conductivity of the rare-earth magnet, neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB), and slot/tooth harmonics, there is eddy current loss generated inside the magnets. This loss may not attribute very much to the efficiency of the motor, but the temperature-rise inside the magnets caused by this loss can lead to the unpredictable deterioration of the magnets, such as the degradation of performance and potential demagnetization. In addition, the output voltage of pulse-width-modulated (PWM) inverter contains abundant high frequency harmonics, which induce excessive loss in the magnets. The excessive heat in PM motor induced by the eddy current loss combined with other losses can degrade the performance of the machine. This paper presents the modeling and analysis of eddy current loss in surface-mounted-magnets PM synchronous motors (SPMSM) and interior-magnets PM synchronous motors (IPMSM), operated by PWM inverter supply. Analytical methods are implemented, in conjunction with time-stepped finite-element analysis (FEA) for the calculation of eddy current loss in the magnet. Based on the calculated losses in the machines, simplified analytical models are developed as thermal circuits with network of interconnected nodes, thermal resistances and heat sources representing the heat processes within the SPMSM and IPMSM, to predict the temperature of the magnets. The predicted machine temperatures are found to be consistent with the experimental measurement.
Enhancing Sensor Selectivity Through Flow Modulation (2006)

In this paper, a new method to enhance sensor selectivity is described. A flow modulation system driven by a PC-controlled peristaltic pump has been designed to feed a sensor chamber with different vapors. 45 measurements where performed comprising five different species (benzene, toluene, o-xylene, methanol and para-xylene) in three different concentrations (20, 200, 2000 ppm). Using frequency domain techniques and neural networks, the system was able to reach a 92% classification success rate when identifying all five vapors despite concentration was not constant and a single sensor was used. Moreover, when amplitude and variance information were removed from sensor transient signals, a 62% success rate was achieved, proving that the transient waveform has additional information that helps to enhance selectivity.
16-METHYLATED STEROIDS. II. 16α-METHYL ANALOGS OF CORTISONE, A NEW GROUP OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY STEROIDS. 9α-HALO DERIVATIVES (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT16-METHYLATED STEROIDS. II. 16α-METHYL ANALOGS OF CORTISONE, A NEW GROUP OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY STEROIDS. 9α-HALO DERIVATIVESGlen E. Arth, John Fried, David B. R. Johnston, Dale R. Hoff, Lewis H. Sarett, Robert H. Silber, Herbert C. Stoerk, and Charles A. WinterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 12, 3161–3163Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01545a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01545a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views671Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Implications from pre-straining experiments on emerging kink-based models for anomalous flow in L1<sub>2</sub>alloys (1995)

Abstract We re-examine an experiment on the transient behaviour of Ni3Al which demonstrates that the anomalous flow stress is thermally reversible in the small-strain yielding regime. Further, we discuss the phenomenon within emerging kink-based models for the flow-stress anomaly in an effort to highlight critical aspects of these models which need further attention. Specimens from a Ni-22.9 at. % Al single crystal, having an orientation near (001), were pre-strained at 873 K and additionally strained at 300 K. The flow properties of this crystal were compared to those from a crystal strained at 300 K alone. Both crystals were examined using transmission electron microscopy. In the small-strain flow regime, the flow stress anomaly is reversible. Pre-straining at a higher temperature before room-temperature deformation shows little memory of the pre-straining during the yield transient, even though TEM observations show that many Kear-Wilsdorf locks are retained in the substructure. Microscopic examination also reveals the presence of a second dislocation structure, characteristic of the low-temperature deformation, in selected regions of thin foils from the pre-strained sample. This observation demands that some part of the substructure recovers extremely rapidly, if not instantly upon changing temperature and (or) unloading. We suggest that future models must consider the full behaviour of all dislocation loop characters and character junctions in accomplishing the thermally reversible transition from the elastic regime, through the microstrain regime, to flow.
A chiral bicyclo[2.2.2]octa-2,5-diene ligand substituted with the ferrocenyl group and its use for rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric 1,4-addition reactions (2014)

New chiral diene ligand, Fc,Ph-bod, showed higher enantioselectivity than Ph-bod in the rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric 1,4-addition of aryl- and alkenylboronic acids.
Assessing Pharmacokinetics of Various Dosage Forms at Early Stage (2019)

Besides physicochemical properties of a potential drug candidate, pharmacokinetic attributes are important for formulation development. Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics plays a major role in drug development. In the early stages of drug development (lead selection and lead optimization), in vitro studies, usually set up in a high-throughput screening format, are used to characterize a variety of compounds. This chapter provides a short overview on the most important processes influencing pharmacokinetics and on the key pharmacokinetic parameters. Pharmacokinetics studies are usually conducted within animal species during the drug discovery phase. The pharmacokinetics in patients will be assessed for the first time usually within the proof-of-concept trial. The chapter describes the basic parameters involved in the pharmacokinetic processes: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. It presents case studies in which pharmacokinetic properties of different compounds were compared and the influence of various formulations on pharmacokinetic properties were investigated.
Performance of a Diaphragmed Microlens for a Packaged Microspectrometer (2009)

This paper describes the design, fabrication, packaging and testing of a microlens integrated in a multi-layered MEMS microspectrometer. The microlens was fabricated using modified PDMS molding to form a suspended lens diaphragm. Gaussian beam propagation model was used to measure the focal length and quantify M(2) value of the microlens. A tunable calibration source was set up to measure the response of the packaged device. Dual wavelength separation by the packaged device was demonstrated by CCD imaging and beam profiling of the spectroscopic output. We demonstrated specific techniques to measure critical parameters of microoptics systems for future optimization of spectroscopic devices.
Diels-Alder reaction of heterocyclic azadienes. 2. "Catalytic" Diels-Alder reaction of in situ generated enamines with 1,2,4-triazines: general pyridine annulation (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiels-Alder reaction of heterocyclic azadienes. 2. "Catalytic" Diels-Alder reaction of in situ generated enamines with 1,2,4-triazines: general pyridine annulationDale L. Boger, James S. Panek, and Michael M. MeierCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 5, 895–897Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00344a031https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00344a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1172Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of BCl3 addition on Ar/Cl2 gas in inductively coupled plasmas for lead zirconate titanate etching (2000)

The lead zirconate titanate (PbZrxTi1−xO3:PZT) ferroelectric thin films have received great attention for the applications on nonvolatile memory, infrared sensor, electro-optical device, microelectromechanical system device, etc. In order to accomplish the integration of these devices, the etching process for both PZT film and electrode material must be developed. In this study, PZT etching was performed using planar inductively coupled Ar(20)/Cl2/BCl3 plasma. The etch rate of PZT film was 2450 Å/min at Ar(20)/BCl3(80) gas mixing ratio and substrate temperature of 80 °C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis for film composition was utilized. The chemical bond of PbO is broken by ion bombardment, and the peak of metal Pb in a Pb 4f peak begins to appear upon etching, decreasing Pb content faster than Zr and Ti. Also, the relative content of oxygen decreases rapidly. We thought that abundant B and BCl radicals made a volatile oxycompound such as BxOy and/or BCl–O bond. To understand the etching mechanism, Langmuir probe and optical emission spectroscopy analysis were utilized for plasma diagnostic.
A New Design Concept for Supersonic Axisymmetric Inlets (2002)

Inlets designed for high-speed flight require a wide variation in throat area to provide proper airflow to the engine for efficient operation at all Mach numbers. The inlet concept of this study consists of a design proven through prior research to offer high performance and excellent operability at cruise conditions (an axisymmetric inlet with a moderate amount of internal compression). It is made viable at off-design conditions with the application of an innovative variable geometry concept. This variable geometry system opens up longitudinal channels in the centerbody with forward centerbody translation at offdesign Mach numbers. The translating channeled centerbody inlet is slightly more complex than a traditional translating centerbody inlet, but significantly simpler and lighter than the variable diameter centerbody inlet. A VDC configuration was previously considered to be required to make axisymmetric inlet configurations without excessively large amounts of internal compression capable of meeting transonic engine airflow requirements. A flight research program utilizing the F-15B aircraft at NASA Dryden Flight Research Center has been initiated to demonstrate the inlet’s off-design masscapture capabilities and assess its impact on performance and distortion due to application of the variable geometry. This paper discusses the concept and the development of the aerodynamic designs of the configurations to be tested. * Chief Executive Officer, Senior Member AIAA. † President. ‡ Aerospace Engineer, Member AIAA. Nomenclature A Area Ac Cowl lip projected area At Throat area At,untran Throat area with zero centerbody translation m Mass flow mo Theoretical capture mass flow M Mach number Mo Freestream Mach number M2 Engine face Mach number Ml Local Mach number Mt Throat Mach number p Static pressure Po Freestream total pressure r Radial dimension r2 Engine face radius Rc Cowl lip radius rcb Centerbody radius at engine face x Axial dimension xt Throat station xtran Centerbody translation distance Wg Groove width θc Cowl lip initial angle θt Throat exit angle σ1 First centerbody cone angle σ2 Second centerbody cone angle
Performance comparison of hierarchical interconnection networks (2011)

Hierarchical interconnection networks (HINs) employ multiple levels in which Lower-level networks provide local communication while higher-level networks facilitate remote communication. HINs are cost effectiveness and fault-tolerant. They can be classified into two classes. The first class includes HINs that are constructed using nodes and/or links replication. The second class uses standby interface nodes. This paper provides performance comparison of HINs in terms of network degree, diameter, cost and packing density. The outcome of this study shows that the Root-Folded Heawood (RFH) and the Flooded Heawood (FloH) provide the best network cost, defined as the product of network diameter and degree. The study also shows that HFCube(n, n) provide the best packing density, i.e. the smallest chip area required for VLSI implementation.
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATION REACTIONS OF INDAPAMIDE. A NOVEL ROUTE TO THE INDOLE DERIVATIVE, N‐(3‐SULFAMYL‐4‐CHLOROBENZAMIDO)‐2‐METHYLINDOLE (1984)

Abstract Das diuretische und antihypertensiv wirksame Pharmakon Indagamid (I) wird zu dem auch aus (III) und (IV) unabhängig hergestellten Indolderivat (II) oxidiert.
Orientational changes during the surface crystallisation of cordierite from a B2O3/Al2O3/MgO/SiO2 glass (2012)

A glass of the wt% composition 6B2O3·25Al2O3·10MgO·59SiO2 was melted and annealed in order to study the influence of boron on the surface crystallisation of cordierite. The samples were annealed at 1050 °C for up to 3 h in order to crystallise indialite and analysed using XRD, AFM and SEM-based techniques, especially EBSD. The results show significant orientational changes within single grains along the immediate surface of the sample as well as the formation of a diffusion layer of residual glass during crystallisation. During cooling, a liquid/liquid phase separation occurs in this residual glass and silimanite is formed as an additional crystalline phase.