gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of Gaussian-ray basis functions for the rapid analysis of electromagnetic radiation from reflector antennas (2003)

A highly efficient Guassian beam (GB) method was recently developed to provide a relatively rapid analysis of large reflector antennas. This GB method is very efficient because it represents the feed radiation in terms of a set of very few rotationally symmetric GBs and provides an essentially closed form solution for the reflection and diffraction of each GB incidence on the reflector surface. In contrast, conventional approaches evaluate the radiated field via a numerical integration of the physical optics integral over the large reflector surface; such numerical techniques are time consuming for large reflectors. However, the fast GB method becomes less accurate if each GB illuminating spot on the reflecting surface is comparable to the overall reflector size, since its closed-form solution requires a small spot size. This limitation of the GB approach happens particularly in situations where the feed is located relatively far from the reflector, since the GBs are not able to remain narrow in the angular and spatial domains simultaneously, thereby creating too large a spot size on the reflector surface. The above limitation of the GBs is overcome here by introducing a Gaussian-ray basis function (GRBF), a hybridisation of a geometrical optics (GO) ray tube and a GB. Owing to its similarity with a GB in the amplitude variation transverse to the ray, its incorporation into any existing GB code is straightforward. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of the new GRBF approach.
Response to Comment on Daya Bay's definition and use of Delta(m^2_ee) (2019)

The Daya Bay Collaboration responds to comments posted by S. Parke and R. Zukanovich Funchal regarding our use of Delta(m^2_ee).
Redox initiated cationic polymerization (2009)

Abstract A novel catalytic method for carrying out the cationic polymerizations has been developed based on a redox initiator system in which the reducing component is delivered to the reaction mixture in the vapor state. The redox couple consists of a diaryliodonium salt that is dissolved in the monomer and a noble metal catalyst is added. The silane reducing agent is introduced to the reaction mixture in the vapor state using air as the carrier gas. Reduction of the diaryliodonium salt by the silane results in the liberation of a Brønsted superacid that initiates cationic polymerizations. A study of the effects of variations in the structures of the diaryliodonium salt, the silane, and the type of noble metal catalyst was carried out. In principle, the initiator system is applicable to all types of cationically polymerizable monomers and oligomers including: the ring‐opening polymerizations of such heterocyclic monomers as epoxides and oxetanes and, in addition, the polymerization of vinyl ether monomers such as vinyl ethers. The use of this initiator system for carrying out commercially attractive cross‐linking polymerizations for coatings, composites, and encapsulations is discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 1825–1835, 2009
Dual electro-optic comb spectroscopy using quadrature demodulation (2020)

We report methane spectroscopy with dual electro-optic combs using optical hybrids and pseudo-random modulation. This system helps investigate sources of systematic errors in dual-comb spectroscopy.
A space time array processing for passive geolocalization of radio transmitters (2011)

The problem of passive localization is commonly solved by independently measuring intermediate parameters (such as angles of arrival (AOA), times of arrival (TOA)…) on several multiple sensors base stations in a first step. In a second step, the transmitted parameters are then used to estimate the position. Recently, studies proposed new promising one step algorithms based on stacked multiple station observations vectors gathering all received signals of all base stations. This strategy leads naturally to a wideband estimation problem, solved in this paper by an alternative space-time processing. The proposed algorithm is compared to existing techniques and the corresponding Cramer-rao bound.
A novel cell selection method in heterogeneous LTE-advanced systems (2010)

Cell selection which plays a crucial role in improving cell spectrum efficiency especially in heterogeneous systems is the process that allows the user equipments(UEs) to select a suitable cell where to camp on in order to access available services. This paper analysis the new interference environment and the limitations of traditional cell selection scheme which caused by low power nodes, and propose a new cell selection strategy to resolve these problems in order to improve efficiency in LTE-A heterogeneous systems.
<title>PMD-PLL: receiver structure for incoherent communication and ranging systems</title> (1999)

This paper proposes a high integrated optoelectronic phase locked loop for the use in optical data transmission as well as in optical ranging systems. The so called PMD-PLL receiver module is based on a novel electro-optical modulator, called the Photonic Mixer Device (PMD). The sensor is a semiconductor device, which combines fast optical sensing and modulation of incoherent light signals in one component part by its unique and powerful principle of operation. Simulations and experimental results have already verified the operation principle of PMD structures, in CMOS-technology so far. But also other technologies may be suitable for the PMD realization.
Development of Human Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) Receptor Antagonists. 1. Potent and Selective Small Molecule CGRP Antagonists. 1-[<i>N</i><sup>2</sup>-[3,5-Dibromo-<i>N</i>-[[4-(3,4-dihydro-2(1<i>H</i>)-oxoquinazolin-3-yl)-1- piperidinyl]carbonyl]-<scp>d</scp>-tyrosyl]-<scp>l</scp>-lysyl]-4-(4-pyridinyl)piperazine:  The First CGRP Antagonist for Clinical Trials in Acute Migraine (2005)

Although the triptans have greatly improved the acute treatment of migraine headache, there are yet many shortcomings. Therefore, new strategies for the treatment of migraine are needed which offer advantages over current therapy, e.g. triptans. Our novel approach was based on the hypothesis that the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) could play a causative role in migraine headache. Thus we initiated a program aimed at the design and synthesis of small molecule CGRP receptor antagonists. High throughput screening led to the identification of (R)-Tyr-(S)-Lys dipeptide-like compounds that showed weak but unequivocal binding to the human CGRP receptor. Lead optimization afforded highly potent CGRP antagonists, the prototype being compound 19 (BIBN4096). This compound exhibiting a favorable biological profile was selected for initial clinical trials. A proof of concept study indicated that intravenous application of 19 was effective in the treatment of acute migraine headache. This finding strongly supports our initial working hypothesis that CGRP plays an important role in the pathophysiology of migraine.
Complete heparin-coated (CBAS) cardiopulmonary bypass and reduced systemic heparin dose; effects on coagulation and fibrinolysis (1996)

Completely heparin-coated CPB can safely be performed in combination with reduced systemic heparinization. The heparin and protamine amounts could be lowered to 35% of normal doses. Indications of more thrombin generation on CPB compared to the uncoated controls were seen, but the levels remained within low ranges in both groups. There was no evidence of thromboembolic episodes or clot formation in the extracorporeal circuits.
VI.—On the oxidation of Chinese wax (1853)

N. S. Maskelyne, T. J. Herapath and R. W. Forster, Q. J. Chem. Soc., 1853, 5, 24 DOI: 10.1039/QJ8530500024
[Correlation of organ pathology and distribution of virus replicating cells, demonstrated with RNA in situ hybridization of SIVmac infection of Macaca mulatta]. (1994)

22 juvenile rhesus macaques were infected i.v. with SIVmac and killed at defined timepoints after infection. Productively infected cells were detected by RNA in situ hybridization in the paraffin material. Their number was correlated with the pathology of lymph nodes, thymus, extranodal lymphatic parenchyma and other organs. In the first weeks all lymphatic tissues and compartments got infected, as well as the brain, the bone marrow and other organs. The high virus replication during this first phase disappeared with the onset of the seroconversion and remained low during all stages of atrophy of the lymphatic parenchyma. The atrophy of the lymphatic parenchyma and its microenvironment was not correlated with virus replication. This may implicate that a virostatic therapy might be more successful in the first weeks of infection.
PERSISTENCE OF NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES IN HUMAN SUBJECTS THREE YEARS AFTER ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF A RODENT-ADAPTED STRAIN OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS (1954)

The sera of 14 children who were fed the TN strain of poliomyelitis virus (Type II) three years previously showed persistence of high titer neutralizing antibodies.
ChemInform Abstract: REINVESTIGATION OF THE CLASSICAL SYNTHESIS OF CINCHONA ALKALOIDS PART 1, A NEW SYNTHESIS OF HOMOMEXOQUINENE AND QUINOTOXINE (1973)

Abstract Ausgehend von dem 3(R), 4(R)‐Homocincholoiponester (I) wird über die Derivate (II)‐(VII) das bekannte natürliche Homomerochinen (VIII) synthetisiert.
Extending Applications of Dielectric Elastomer Artificial Muscles to Wireless Communication Systems (2011)

Electro active polymers (EAPs) are used for actuators that can electrically control their motions to resemble those of actual muscles. Thus, they are called artificial muscles. In addition, since EAPs are often made of flexible materials, they have also come to be called “soft actuators” in recent years. There are many types of EAPs such as dielectric elastomers (Perline & Chiba, 1992a), ionic polymer-metal composites (Oguro et al., 1999), electroconductive Polymers (Otero & Sansinera, 1998), and ion polymer gels (Osada et al., 1992b). Figure 1 shows typical EAPs.
Laser-driven shock wave experiments at the University of British Columbia (1986)

A review of recent laser-driven shock wave experiments at the University of British Columbia is presented. These include emissivity and reflectivity measurements on target rear surfaces when the shock wave emerges as well as measurements of the trajectories of shock propagation in initially transparent targets irradiated by temporally tailored laser pulses. The rear surface measurements allowed us to study the equation of state and electron conductivity of dense plasmas while coalescence of shock waves was evident in the trajectory of shock waves driven by a shaped pulse.
LXII.—Colouring matter from the flowers of Delphinium Consolida (1902)

A. G. Perkin and E. J. Wilkinson, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1902, 81, 585 DOI: 10.1039/CT9028100585
720 Anti-Resonance Design of Tuned Liquid Damper (2000)

This paper discusses the control of sway of lift by a tuned liquid damper (TLD). In this study, U-shaped-pipe filled with water is used as a damper. Wind or waves are regarded as sinusoidal exciting forces with a certain frequency. The sway can be controlled by making use of anti-resonance. In order to create the anti-resonance state, phase difference between main body and water is investigated. As a result it turns out that the phase difference becomes 90 degrees or -90 degrees in the anti-resonance state depended on the gain of water. In order to confirm the theoretical results, experiments using a pendulum shaken by a slider are carried out.
Equilibriums and kinetics of ligand binding to the human erythrocyte glucose transporter. Evidence for an alternating conformation model for transport (1981)

Cytochalasin B (CB), n-propyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (PG), and 4,6-O-ethylidene-D-glucose (EG) are known to bind asymmetrically to the human erythrocyte glucose transporter. The first two compounds bind to the inner (cytoplasmic) surface of the transporter, while the latter binds to the outer surface. Equilibrium measurements of the inhibition of CB binding to the glucose transporter reported herein indicate that the ternary complexes of CB transporter with EG, PG, or D-glucose are not formed. Moreover, measurements of CB binding in the presence of both EG and PG or in the presence of high concentrations of D-glucose show that a ternary complex of transporter and sugars bound simultaneously on both sides of the membrane probably does not occur. Finally, the kinetics of dissociation of radiolabeled CB from the transporter in the presence of CB, glucose, PG, and EG have been determined. With the exception of the case of EG, the kinetics fit a simple scheme of rate-limiting unimolecular dissociation, and in no instance do they suggest the existence of a ternary complex of sugar, CB, and transporter. These data are consistent with a model for transport in which the substrate binding site exists alternately at the cytoplasmic and external faces of the membrane, as the result of protein conformational change.
CORRELATION BETWEEN THROMBOPLASTIC ACTIVITY AND LECITHIN/SPHINGOMYELIN RATIO IN AMNIOTIC FLUID PRELIMINARY REPORT (1977)

THe thromboplastic activity of amniotic fluid was correlated with the lecithin sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio in 59 pregnancies. It was shown that the thromboplastic activity and the L/S ratio in amniotic fluid had a coefficient of correlation of r = --0-73 (P less than 0-004). The thromboplastic activity was estimated by a modified method for prothrombin time, and a time of 113 seconds appeared to correspond to an L/S ratio of 2, in that it was the border line between maturity and immaturity of the fetal lungs. Thirty women were delivered within 24 hours of a sample of amniotic fluid being obtained. In the three patients whose babies developed the respiratory distress syndrome, the thromboplastic activity was estimated as being slower than 113 seconds.
Mastering Modern United States History (2001)

Introduction America at the Turn of the Century The Progressive Period 1900-1919 The United States and Foreign Affairs: 1898-1917 America at War and in Peace: 1917-1919 The Aftermath of War: American Society in the 1920s The American Economy in the 1920s Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal 1932-1941 American Foreign Policy 1920-1941 The USA and the Second World War The Cold War 'The Forgotten War': The War in Korea President Truman and the Post-war American Economy The Eisenhower Era: 1953-1961 Eisenhower's Foreign Policy: 1953-1961 The Kennedy Presidency: 1961-1963 Kennedy's Foreign Policy 1961-1963 Johnson and the Great Society Johnson's Foreign Policy The Nixon Years Nixon's Foreign Policy Index
Ontology-based querying of linked XML documents (2002)

Totally, various model evaluation methods indicated that the glycoengineered version of EPO had considerably good geometry and acceptable profiles for clinical studies and could be considered as the effective drug.
Review of the 2003 Arizona Cotton Season (2004)

Arizona Agricultural Statistics Service (USDA/NASS) reports that Arizona planted 190,000 acres of Upland (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cotton in 2006, down 17% from the 230,000 acres planted in 2005 and the lowest acreage since 1946 when 144,000 acres were planted. Plantings of American Pima (G. barbadense L.) cotton totaled 7,000 acres for 2006, up 2,900 acres from 2005. Upland yields averaged 1420 lbs. per acre for 2006, up 10.2% from last year but lower than the 1458 lb. record yield in 2004. Pima yields increased 12.1% to 919 lbs. per acre.
Bone marrow cells of athymic nude mice express functional T cell receptor α chain transcripts rearranged to V<sub>δ</sub>2, 3, 4, 5, 6 genes (1992)

From bone marrow cells (BMC) of athymic nude mice, T cell receptor (TcR) alpha chain transcripts were selectively amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using V delta 2-, V delta 3-, V delta 4-, V delta 5-, V delta 6- and C alpha-specific primers. Amplified DNA fragments were cloned, and 32 randomly selected clones from 5 PCR were sequenced. Twenty-three distinct rearrangement events were detected, of which 87% (20/23) were in-frame. All five tested V delta genes (V delta 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) rearranged in-frame to J alpha-C alpha. N-region diversity in V delta-J alpha junctions present in most clones was limited to two to five nucleotides. P-nucleotide additions in this region were also detected. The V delta 5 gene located 3' of C delta in reversed transcriptional orientation was rearranged to J alpha by inversion. The J alpha usage pattern of the sequenced clones was strongly biased towards rearrangement of the most 5' genes (located nearest to C delta) of the J alpha cluster: the most 5' J alpha (J alpha TA1) was used by 30% of all clones, and 78% of all J alpha rearranged to V delta were located in the 5' 12 kb of the 60-kb J alpha cluster. As distinct V delta/C delta and V alpha/C alpha TcR usage patterns are prevalent in peripheral T cell populations, our data suggest that these TcR usage patterns results from repertoire selections operating in alpha beta and gamma delta T cell lineages, but not from preferential V delta-C delta and V alpha-C alpha rearrangement patterns.
Oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural and derivatives to furanaldehydes with 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine oxide radical ‐ co‐oxidant pairs (1995)

Abstract The oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (1) or 5‐hydroxymethylfurfurylideneacetophenone (4) with various 4‐substituted 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine radicals (TEMPO) 3a‐d and supporting co‐oxidants gave corresponding aldehydes 2 or 5 in fair yields.
Highly Luminescent (Zn,Cd)Te/CdSe Colloidal Heteronanowires with Tunable Electron–Hole Overlap (2012)

We report the synthesis of ultranarrow (Zn,Cd)Te/CdSe colloidal heteronanowires, using ZnTe magic size clusters as seeds. The wire formation starts with a partial Zn for Cd cation exchange, followed by self-organization into segmented heteronanowires. Further growth occurs by inclusion of CdSe. The heteronanowires emit in the 530 to 760 nm range with high quantum yields. The electron-hole overlap decreases with increasing CdSe volume fraction, allowing the optical properties to be controlled by adjusting the heteronanowire composition.
<title>The Application Of Computed Tomographic (CT) Imaging To Radiotherapy Planning</title> (1979)

X-ray transmission computed tomography (CT) has been used primarily in medical diagnostic radiology since 1972. More recently, the application of CT to radiation therapy planning has been developed. In comparison to conventional radiography, CT images provide vastly improved anatomical localization of the tumour and of surrounding healthy tissue. Qualitatively, this information assists in the selection of appropriate radiation fields. Quantitatively, CT data can be processed to yield the electron densities of the tissues for calculation of the corresponding radiation distribution in the patient. In such calculations, the variations in tissue density and the three dimensional nature of structures are considered by employing a series of contiguous transverse section CT images which cover the entire patient volume to be irradiated. In this paper, the utilization of computed tomography for radiotherapy planning and for monitoring tissue response following radiotherapy will be demonstrated with a clinical example (tumour of the chest wall). The results presented were obtained with a computerized treatment planning system (TP-11, Atomic Energy of Canada) modified to interact with a commercial CT scanner (TR-40 Synerview, Picker X-ray Corporation). This system has been in clinical use for the past six months at the Princess Margaret Hospital.
The impact of the postharvest environment on the viability and virulence of decay fungi (2017)

Postharvest decay of fruits, vegetables, and grains by fungal pathogens causes significant economic losses. Infected produce presents a potential health risk since some decay fungi produce mycotoxins that are hazardous to human health. Infections are the result of the interplay between host resistance and pathogen virulence. Both of these processes, however, are significantly impacted by environmental factors, such as temperature, UV, oxidative stress, and water activity. In the present review, the impact of various physical postharvest treatments (e.g., heat and UV) on the viability and virulence of postharvest pathogens is reviewed and discussed. Oxidative injury, protein impairment, and cell wall degradation have all been proposed as the mechanisms by which these abiotic stresses reduce fungal viability and pathogenicity. The response of decay fungi to pH and the ability of pathogens to modulate the pH of the host environment also affect pathogenicity. The effects of the manipulation of the postharvest environment by ethylene, natural edible coatings, and controlled atmosphere storage on fungal viability are also discussed. Lastly, avenues of future research are proposed.
Über Mono‐, Di‐ und Tritrityläther der <i>d</i>‐Ribose (1953)

Abstract Bei Einwirkung verschiedener Mengen an Tritylchlorid auf d ‐Ribose lassen sich 5‐Monotrityl‐ribose, 1.5‐Ditrityl‐ribose und 1.2(bzw. 3).5‐Tritrityl‐ribose darstellen. Durch katalytische Hydrierung wird nur die an der primären Oxygruppe sitzende Tritylgruppe abgespalten, wodurch die 1‐Monotrityl‐ribose und die 1.2(bzw.3)‐Ditrityl‐ribose zugänglich werden. Auch die Umsetzung von Tritrityl‐acetyl‐ribose mit Acetylbromid in Essigsäureanhydrid führte zu einem partiellen Austausch der an der primären Oxygruppe sitzenden Tritylgruppe gegen Acetyl.
Targeting Autophagy in the Brain: A Promising Approach? (2010)

Macroautophagy is an evolutionarily conserved lysosomal-dependent pathway of degradation of several cytoplasmic components, such as misfolded proteins or damaged organelles. This process of cellular self-digestion is involved in a number of physiological processes like survival, differentiation and development. The failure in the normal flow of the autophagic process has been associated with normal brain aging and with late-onset neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases. A common characteristic between these disorders is the accumulation of protein deposits composed by aberrant protein aggregates. Also dysfunctional organelles, particularly mitochondria, have been implicated in the pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative diseases. Here we give an overview of the importance of autophagy in brain aging and in age-related neurodegeneration. Furthermore, we will discuss autophagy as a potential therapeutic target to mitigate the adverse effects of aging and age-related diseases on brain function.