gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reactions of Hindered α-Bromo- and Hydroxysuccinic Acids<sup>1a,b</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Hindered α-Bromo- and Hydroxysuccinic Acids1a,bWyman R. Vaughan and Kirby M. MiltonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 22, 5623–5630Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1952https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01142a026RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views204Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1018 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Empiric Combination Therapy for Gram-Negative Bacteremia (2014)

Although there appears to be no advantage to the routine addition of an aminoglycoside to a β-lactam as empirical therapy for children who have Gram-negative bacteremia, children who have risk factors for MDRGN organisms appear to benefit from this practice.
Mosaic wedge-and-strip arrays for large format microchannel plate detectors (1989)

The authors present a novel method for joining wedge-and-strip patterns on single anodes in a mosaic array. With only a modest increase in complexity over three conductor anodes currently in use, the ultimate detector position resolution can be significantly improved, and large-format microchannel plate detectors with pore-size-limited resolution are made possible. The problem of the transition from one anode to the next has been solved with a novel linear encoding scheme, which exhibits essentially distortionless behavior at boundaries parallel to the conducting elements and only slight distortion at the orthogonal boundaries. The ultimate resolution for two anode designs, one designed for large-format imaging and the other for high-resolution spectroscopy, is also predicted.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bandwidth Reduction of Video Signals via Shift Vector Transmission (1975)

An experimental shifting technique applied to real television images in order to reduce their redundancy is described. The technique consists of dividing the images into zones and then transmitting vectors that connect correlated zones in successive frames. A threshold which is a function of frame-to-frame zone velocity and inherent points luminance is introduced to determine the shift vector. Image reconstructions are obtained with an information rate equal to 0.7 bit/pel.
Characterizing Through-Plane and In-Plane Ionic Conductivity of Polymer Electrolyte Membranes (2011)

Ionic transport resistance is a key performance property of polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) and can be determined for transport within the plane of material (in-plane, longitudinal or transverse directions) and through the thickness of the membrane (through-plane). The conductivity of extruded Nafion® 112, dispersion-cast Nafion® NR-212 and two Gore-Select® membranes that contain a non-conductive support were characterized as a function of orientation, temperature and relative humidity. The conductivity of extruded Nafion 112 was highest in the extrusion direction and lowest in the through-plane orientation. In contrast, the conductivity of dispersion-cast NR-212 was isotropic. The effective conductivity of Gore-Select material was higher in-plane vs. through-plane, consistent with the analytical treatment of a membrane composed of layers of unequal intrinsic ion transport resistivity. The results highlight the need to make measurements in the relevant orientation.
TOGp, the Human Homolog of XMAP215/Dis1, Is Required for Centrosome Integrity, Spindle Pole Organization, and Bipolar Spindle Assembly (2004)

The XMAP215/Dis1 MAP family is thought to regulate microtubule plus-end assembly in part by antagonizing the catastrophe-promoting function of kin I kinesins, yet XMAP215/Dis1 proteins localize to centrosomes. We probed the mitotic function of TOGp (human homolog of XMAP215/Dis1) using siRNA. Cells lacking TOGp assembled multipolar spindles, confirming results of Gergely et al. (2003. Genes Dev. 17, 336-341). Eg5 motor activity was necessary to maintain the multipolar morphology. Depletion of TOGp decreased microtubule length and density in the spindle by approximately 20%. Depletion of MCAK, a kin I kinesin, increased MT lengths and density by approximately 20%, but did not disrupt spindle morphology. Mitotic cells lacking both TOGp and MCAK formed bipolar and monopolar spindles, indicating that TOGp and MCAK contribute to spindle bipolarity, without major effects on MT stability. TOGp localized to centrosomes in the absence of MTs and depletion of TOGp resulted in centrosome fragmentation. TOGp depletion also disrupted MT minus-end focus at the spindle poles, detected by localizations of NuMA and the p150 component of dynactin. The major functions of TOGp during mitosis are to focus MT minus ends at spindle poles, maintain centrosome integrity, and contribute to spindle bipolarity.
Now That the Floodgates Have Been Opened, Why Haven't Banks Rushed into the Certification Authority Business (2000)

E-commerce not only includes electronic data interchange (EDI), but also the use of electronic mail, electronic transfer of digital content, and electronic purchasing and payments.See id.2. According to Forrester Research, it is estimated that in the U.S. alone, business-to-business Internet trade is projected to soar to $1.3 trillion by 2003.
Effects of Luteinizing Hormone on Superovulatory and Steroidogenic Responses of Rat Ovaries to Infusion with Follicle-Stimulating Hormone1 (1989)

Immature female rats were infused s.c. continuously over a 60-h period with a partially purified porcine pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) preparation having FSH activity 4.2 x NIH-FSH-S1 and luteinizing hormone (LH) activity 0.022 x NIH-LH-S1. High rates of superovulation were observed in rats receiving 1 U FSH/day, with 69 +/- 11 oocytes/rat recovered as cumulus-enclosed oocytes from oviducts on Day 1 (equivalent to the day of estrus). Addition of LH to the FSH, at dosages equivalent to 2.5-100 micrograms/day NIH-LH-S1 equivalents (2.5-100 mU) resulted in a dose-related inhibition of superovulation, reaching a nadir of 15 +/- 7 oocytes recovered from rats receiving 50 mU LH/day together with 1 U FSH/day. At the two highest LH doses, 50 and 100 mU/day, ovulation was advanced so that 12 +/- 3 and 15 +/- 4 oocytes, respectively, were recovered from oviducts of these rats flushed on the morning of Day 0, compared to none in rats infused with FSH alone. Ovarian steroid concentrations (ng/mg) observed on the morning of Day 0 in rats infused with FSH alone were progesterone, 0.50 +/- 0.13; testosterone, 0.16 +/- 0.08; androstenedione, 0.06; and estradiol, 0.23 +/- 0.05. On the morning of Day 1, ovarian progesterone concentrations in rats infused with FSH alone had risen to 3.30 +/- 0.33 ng/mg, whereas concentrations of testosterone, androstenedione, and estradiol, had fallen to essentially undetectable levels. Addition of LH to the FSH infusion resulted in dose-related increases, on Day 0, of all four steroids up to a dosage of 25 mU LH/day. At higher LH dosages, Day 0 ovarian concentrations of androgens and estradiol fell markedly, while progesterone concentrations continued to increase. Histological examination of ovaries revealed increases in the extent of luteinization of granulosa cells in follicles with retained oocytes on both Days 0 and 1 in rats infused with 25 and 50 mU LH/day together with 1 U FSH/day, compared to those observed in rats receiving FSH alone. These findings indicate that the elevated progesterone levels on Day 0 and inhibition of ovulation observed at these LH doses were due to premature luteinization of follicles, thus preventing ovulation. At lower LH doses, no sign (based on histologic or steroidogenic criteria) of premature luteinization was evident, suggesting that the decreased superovulation in these rats was due to decreased follicular maturation and/or increased atresia rather than to luteinization of follicles without ovulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Evaluation of Data Obtained from Military Disability Medical Administrative Databases for Service Members with Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder (2007)

High levels of agreement between investigators and database diagnoses indicate that diagnostic misclassification is unlikely. Discharge procedure initiation date provides a suitable surrogate for disease onset.
Telomerase expression in lung preneoplasia and neoplasia (2007)

Telomeres are specialized structures at eukaryotic chromosomes ends, which role is to prevent them from degradation, end to-end fusion and rearrangement. However, they shorten after each cellular division because of an incomplete DNA replication, acting in normal somatic cells as a mitotic clock for permanent proliferation arrest or senescence entry. Short telomeres are perceived as damaged DNA leading to p53/ATM pathway activation. In tumoral cells, a ribonucleoprotein complex termed telomerase enables telomere elongation. This complex, composed of 2 main components, the telomerase RNA component or hTR, the RNA template for telomere synthesis, and telomerase reverse transcriptase, the catalytic subunit, is reactivated in the majority of cancers, including those of the lung. In this review, we briefly present the main results on telomerase expression in various histological types of lung carcinoma and in bronchial carcinogenesis along with telomere attrition. Inhibition of one of the main components of the enzyme or limitation of telomere access by telomerase represent novel targets for cancer therapies and chemoprevention in high risk patients of lung cancer.
Displacement of Oil by Water-Effect of Wettability, Rate, and Viscosity on Recovery (1955)

Abstract The displacement of oil by water in typical porous media has been studied, using new equipment developed to handle flooding experiments on 1-in core plugs with a precision of about one pore per cent. Long core floods using cores up to 10 ft in length were used to supplement the short core studies. From the results of several thousand flooding experiments on a variety of porous media, we have found that the wettability is the single most important variable affecting the recovery history of a water flood. Cores are, therefore, usefully described as being (1) water-wet, (2) oil-wet, or of (3) intermediate wettability. This classification scheme has provided a sound basis for the interpretation of laboratory waterflooding data. For water-wet cores it can be concluded:1-in core plugs show the same recovery history as long cores when flooded under the same conditions of rate, viscosity and wettability;recovery is practically independent of rate of flooding from reservoir rates up to 40 ft/day;at extremely high rates (over 100 ft/day) significant recovery increases were observed;displacement by imbibition alone displaces the same quantity of oil as water drives do with rates up to 40 ft/day;lowering the interfacial tension will reduce residual oil if the lowered value is maintained at the flood front. An explanation for these conclusions based on the interplay of the viscous and capillary forces at the flood front (called "Viscap" concept) is presented, and from this we may conclude that laboratory floods of water-wet core plugs offer no particular scaling problems. The intermediate wettability case is more complicated, and because of limitations in measuring the wettability of cores and the reservoir, this group needs more study. The behavior of oil-wet cores is markedly different from the water-wet case. Generally, oil-wet cores show a considerable amount of oil production after water breakthrough even for a viscosity ratio of unity. Also, they exhibit a saturation gradient at the flood front (sometimes called an end effect). This end effect invalidates laboratory results unless the floods are scaled using a relationship involving length, viscosity, rate, interfacial tension and contact angle. Introduction The need for secondary recovery procedures to reduce the fraction of oil left in the reservoir is generally accepted by the oil industry. One of the most effective of these secondary recovery methods is water flooding.
A Fast Iterative Algorithm for Implementation of Pixel Purity Index (2006)

The pixel purity index (PPI) has been widely used in hyperspectral image analysis for endmember extraction due to its publicity and availability in the Environment for Visualizing Images (ENVI) software. Unfortunately, its detailed implementation has never been made available in the literature. This paper investigates the PPI based on limited published results and proposes a fast iterative algorithm to implement the PPI, referred to as fast iterative PPI (FIPPI). It improves the PPI in several aspects. Instead of using randomly generated vectors as initial endmembers, the FIPPI produces an appropriate initial set of endmembers to speed up its process. Additionally, it estimates the number of endmembers required to be generated by a recently developed concept, virtual dimensionality (VD) which is one of the most crucial issues in the implementation of PPI. Furthermore, it is an iterative algorithm, where an iterative rule is developed to improve each of the iterations until it reaches a final set of endmembers. Most importantly, it is an unsupervised algorithm as opposed to the PPI, which requires human intervention to manually select a final set of endmembers. The experiments show that both the FIPPI and the PPI produce very close results, but the FIPPI converges very rapidly with significant savings in computation.
Basic Principles of Colloid Science (2007)

Chapter 1: What are Colloids? Chapter 2: Why are Colloidal Dispersions Stable? Basic Principles Chapter 3: Why are Colloidal Dispersions Stable? Interparticle Forces Chapter 4: How are Colloidal Dispersions Prepared? Chapter 5: What is the Role of Surface Chemistry? Surface Tension and Adsorption Chapter 6: Some Important Properties of Colloids I Kinetic Properties Chapter 7: Some Important Properties of Colloids II Scattering Radiation Chapter 8: Some Important Properties of Colloids III Rheology Chapter 9: How are Colloidal Dispersions Destroyed? I Aggregation Processes Chapter 10: How are Colloidal Dispersions Destroyed? II Coalescence and Particle Growth Chapter 11: Association Colloids and Self-Assembly Systems Chapter 12: Thin Films, Foams and Emulsions Chapter 13: Gels Chapter 14: The Industrial Importance of Colloids Chapter 15: The Future of Colloid Science
Acid-base chemistry (1986)

The book is not a research compendium and there are no references to the literature. It is a teaching text covering the entire range of undergraduate subject matter dealing with acid-base chemistry (some of it remotely) as taught in inorganic, analytical, and organic chemistry courses. The excellent chapters VII through IX deal in detail with the quantitative aspects of aqueous acid-base equilibria (salt hydrolysis and buffer, titrations, polyprotic and amphoteric substances).
Combined enzyme defect of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. (1992)

A young girl presented with recurrent episodes of muscle weakness culminating in a severe attack of generalized muscle weakness. In the muscle mitochondria from the patient there was an abnormal pattern of intermediates of beta-oxidation with an accumulation of 3-hydroxyacyl- and 2-enoyl-CoA and carnitine esters, and 3-oxoacylcarnitines. There was low activity of long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase in mitochondria from all tissues. The activity of long-chain 2-enoyl-CoA hydratase was low in muscle mitochondria and 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase activity measured with 3-oxohexadecanoyl-CoA as substrate was low in fibroblast, muscle, and cardiac mitochondria but only partial deficiency was present when the activity was measured with 3-oxooctanoyl-CoA. The activity of the long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase in fibroblasts from the patient's parents was intermediate between those of controls and the patient. The patient has a combined defect of the long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase, and long-chain 2-enoyl-CoA hydratase which appears to be inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. This suggests there is a multifunctional enzyme catalyzing these activities in human mitochondria and that this enzyme is deficient in our patient.
Layout appropriateness: a metric for evaluating user interface widget layout (1993)

Numerous methods for evaluating user interfaces have been investigated to develop a metric that incorporates simple task descriptions which can assist designers in organizing their user interface. The metric, Layout Appropriateness (LA), requires a description of the sequences of actions users perform and how frequently each sequence is used. This task description can either be from observations of an existing system or from a simplified task analysis. The appropriateness of a given layout is computed by weighting the cost of each sequence of actions by how frequently the sequence is performed, which emphasizes frequent methods of accomplishing tasks while incorporating less frequent methods in the design. In addition to providing a comparison of proposed or existing layouts, an LA-optimal layout can be presented to the designer. The designer can compare the LA-optimal and existing layouts or start with the LA-optimal layout and modify it to take additional factors into consideration.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Embedded Network Firewall on FPGA (2011)

This paper describes the design of a highly customizable hardware packet filtering firewall to be embedded on a network gateway. This firewall has the ability to process the data packets based on source and destination TCP/UDP port number, source and destination IP address range, source MAC address and combination of source IP address, and destination port number. It is capable of accepting configuration changes in real time. An Alter a FPGA platform has been used for implementing and evaluating the network firewall.
SIRT2 is an unfavorable prognostic biomarker in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (2016)

SIRT2 is a member of the NAD+ dependent deacetylases. In this study, the associations between SIRT2 expression and molecular and clinical characteristics of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were evaluated by data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. SIRT2 was overexpressed in the intermediate- and poor-risk groups of patients, compared to the favorable-risk group of patients (P = 0.002 and 0.004, respectively). High SIRT2 expression was associated with significantly shorter overall survival (OS; P = 0.0005) and event-free survival (EFS; P = 0.0002) than low SIRT2 expressio in a cohort of 167 patients with AML. Multivariate analyses revealed that high SIRT2 expression was associated with shorter OS (P = 0.031) and EFS (P = 0.020). Gene-expression profiling showed 259 differential expressed genes including CD4, CD14 and IL10. Gene sets like MAPK signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway and acute myeloid leukemia were upregulated in SIRT2(high) patients. We also found different methylation patterns in these two groups. OS and EFS of SIRT2(high) patients who did not undergo transplantation were significantly shorter than those of SIRT2(low) patients (P = 0.0120 and P = 0.0107, respectively). Taken together, these findings suggest that high SIRT2 expression is a novel and unfavorable prognostic biomarker for AML risk-stratification.
Single-photon emission computed tomography in a proportional scattering medium (2017)

The reconstruction of the spatial distribution of radiation sources in a proportional scattering medium has been considered. An exact solution of the inverse tomographic problem has been obtained by analytically solving the radiation transport equation for arbitrary distributions of radiation sources and extinction coefficient and exact boundary conditions. The type and scale of distortions associated with radiation scattering in tomographic reconstructions have been demonstrated.
Cholinergic influences in tardive dyskinesia (1977)

The authors conducted placebo-controlled double-blind studies of physostigmine, choline, and deanol in 12 patients with tardive dyskinesia. Physostigmine and choline both had a positive therapeutic effect on tardive dyskinesia, but the authors note that interpretation of these results is not entirely clear because they found that the sedation effect of physostigmine may nonspecifically reduce the intensity of tardive dyskinesia symptoms. Deanol was not found to be effective in this group of patients; the authors suggest that this drug should not be assumed to be generally effective unless effectiveness is verified by a large placebo-controlled double-blind study.
Ferrous Ion-Dependent <scp>l</scp> -Serine Dehydratase from <i>Clostridium acidiurici</i> (1972)

l-Serine dehydratase from Clostridium acidiurici was purified 400-fold. The enzyme required activation by catalytic amounts of ferrous ion and a thiol reducing agent before the addition of substrate. Several cations tested were unable to substitute for divalent iron. The reducing agent of choice was dithiothreitol. The activation was presumed to result in the formation of an iron-enzyme complex, because once activated the enzyme retained essentially full activity in a reaction mixture not supplemented with iron or reducing agent. The reaction with substrate was carried out at pH 8.4 in phosphate buffer and was specific for l-serine. The presence of pyridoxal phosphate as coenzyme was indicated by absorption maxima at 330 and 420 nm and fluorescence maxima at 390 and 520 nm.
Expression of preproenkephalin mRNA by cultured astrocytes and neurons. (1988)

Expression of preproenkephalin mRNA by developing glia and neurons was examined in cultures of embryonic and neonatal rat brain. Cultured glia from specific regions of embryonic day 17 and neonatal day 1 rat brain were identified as astrocytes on the basis of both morphology and expression of immunoreactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein. The level of preproenkephalin mRNA in cultured neonatal hypothalamic astrocytes was comparable to levels present in cultured embryonic striatal and hypothalamic neurons. Levels of the mRNA were significantly higher in astrocytes derived from neonatal hypothalamus compared to astrocytes derived from other areas of the brain. Thus, there is heterogeneity among astrocytes with respect to preproenkephalin expression. Levels of preproenkephalin mRNA in cultured neonatal striatal astrocytes were only one-third as high as levels in embryonic striatal astrocytes; this observation suggests that glial expression of the gene may be down-regulated during development. Although cultured hypothalamic neurons contained substantial levels of prodynorphin mRNA, levels of this mRNA were not detectable in cultured astrocytes from any brain region or in cultured striatal neurons. Thus, glia do not express all opioid peptide genes during development. These observations suggest that expression of the preproenkephalin gene by astrocytes may play a role in development of the brain.