gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three dimensional modeling of porous pavement permeability using a simplified pore network structure (2012)

Porous pavements have been extensively adopted globally as a means to improve skidding resistance and to reduce splash and spray during wet weather, as well as to reduce traffic noise during road operations. Most of these benefits come from the higher per centage of connected air voids within the porous mixture and the associated inner drainage capacity provided by these interconnected voids. To date, studies on porous pavement permeability are mainly experimental in nature and there are few research studies exploring the numerical modeling of flow within the porous pavement layer. Such models are essential to aid in the numerical modeling on the influence of porous pavements on friction, hydroplaning, splash and spray. This paper therefore introduces a numerical pavement model that can simulate the drainage capacity of in-field porous pavements. Noting that it is almost impossible to model the actual pore structure within the porous pavement layer, a simplified grid pore-network structure is proposed to model geometrically the drainage channels within the porous layer. Through the simulation of permeability tests, dimensions of the pore network are determined by an iterative process. The model is then validated against past experimental results and close agreement between simulation and experimental results are found. This proposed model can then be applied in numerical studies for wet pavement skid resistance.
TWEAK/Fn14 and Non-Canonical NF-kappaB Signaling in Kidney Disease (2013)

The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing. However, there is no effective therapy for AKI and current approaches only slow down, but do not prevent progression of CKD. TWEAK is a TNF superfamily cytokine. A solid base of preclinical data suggests a role of therapies targeting the TWEAK or its receptor Fn14 in AKI and CKD. In particular TWEAK/Fn14 targeting may preserve renal function and decrease cell death, inflammation, proteinuria, and fibrosis in mouse animal models. Furthermore there is clinical evidence for a role of TWEAK in human kidney injury including increased tissue and/or urinary levels of TWEAK and parenchymal renal cell expression of the receptor Fn14. In this regard, clinical trials of TWEAK targeting are ongoing in lupus nephritis. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation plays a key role in TWEAK-elicited inflammatory responses. Activation of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway is a critical difference between TWEAK and TNF. TWEAK activation of the non-canonical NF-κB pathways promotes inflammatory responses in tubular cells. However, there is an incomplete understanding of the role of non-canonical NF-κB activation in kidney disease and on its contribution to TWEAK actions in vivo.
Frequency domain Volterra filters in terms of distributions (1994)

The Fourier transform of the output of a Volterra filter is given in terms of Schwartz distributions. This theory is developed in order to handle input signals that do not possess a Fourier transform in the usual sense. To illustrate this, the authors apply the result to the case of a sinusoidal input and to the case of a sampled and periodized signal.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Influence of Power Input on Efficiency of Dust Scrubbers (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfluence of Power Input on Efficiency of Dust ScrubbersK. T. Semrau, C. W. Marynowski, K. E. Lunde, and C. E. LappleCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1958, 50, 11, 1615–1620Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50587a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50587a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views96Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Semiclassical electron-radiation-ion dynamics (SERID) and<i>cis-trans</i>photoisomerization of butadiene (2003)

Abstract Detailed simulations are reported for the dynamics of electrons and nuclei during the cis—trans isomerization of butadiene following a femtosecond-scale laser pulse. Our technique, semiclassical electron-radiationion dynamics (SERID), is fully described in the text. The one-electron Hamiltonian and ion—ion interactions employed in the present work are density-functional based. Following excitation of electrons by the laser pulse, all three C—C bonds in the butadiene molecule become longer, as electrons are promoted from the HOMO to both the LUMO and LUMO+1 levels. In the excited electronic state, the molecule rotates about all of its three C—C bonds. There are then non-adiabatic events near avoided crossings, with electronic transitions to the ground state via creation of vibrational excitations. The molecule continues to twist around the central bond and one of the terminal C—C bonds, until the trans-conformation is achieved. Various features in the behaviour of the vibrational modes can also be observed, including initial excitations due to the laser pulse, further excitations at avoided crossings and the redistribution of vibrational energy between modes.
Identification and ranking of relevant image content (2008)

In this paper, we present an image understanding algorithm for automatically identifying and ranking different image regions into several levels of importance. Given a color image, specialized maps for classifying image content namely: weighted similarity, weighted homogeneity, image contrast and memory colors are generated and combined to provide a metric for perceptual importance classification. Further analysis yields a region ranking map which sorts the image content into different levels of significance. The algorithm was tested on a large database of color images that consists of the Berkeley segmentation dataset as well as many other internal images. Experimental results show that our technique matches human manual ranking with 90% efficiency. Applications of the proposed algorithm include image rendering, classification, indexing and retrieval.
Communications Using Ubiquitous Antennas: Free-Space Propagation (2014)

Abstract—The inefficiency of the cellular-network architecture has prevented the promising theoretic gains of communication technologies, such as network MIMO, massive MIMO and distributed antennas, from fully materializing in practice. The revolutionary cell-less cloud radio access networks (C-RANs) are designed to overcome the drawbacks of cellular networks. In C-RANs, centralized cloud signal processing and minimum onsite hardware make it possible to deploy ubiquitous distributed antennas and coordinate them to form a gigantic array, called the ubiquitous array (UA). This paper develops a framework for designing and analyzing the UA communication techniques based on a geometric model. Specifically, the UA is modeled as a continuous circular array enclosing target mobiles and free-space propagation is assumed. First, exploiting the fact that the UA channels are induced by mobile locations, a novel channel estimation scheme is proposed that translates multiuser channel estimation into peak detection of superimposed Bessel functions of mobile separation distances. By exploiting the UA’s gigantic circular structure, this scheme suppresses noise by averaging and requires only single pilot symbols. Moreover, it is proved that estimation errors due to interference can be eliminated by using orthogonal pilot sequences instead of single symbols. Next, schemes are designed for UA data transmission including channel conjugate and multiuser phase mode (MU-PM) transmissions. In particular, for MU-PM transmission, the proposed precoder for each mobile properly excites different phase modes of the UA to avoid interference to other mobiles. I.
Diels‐alder reactions of <i>o</i>‐nitronitrosobenzene and 3‐nitro‐4‐nitrosotoluene (1962)

Abstract o ‐Nitro‐nitrosobenzene and 3‐nitro‐4‐nitrosotoluene were reacted with 1,3‐butadiene and 2,3‐dimethyl‐1,3‐butadiene to form 3,6‐dihydro‐1,2‐oxazines, in high yields. Infrared spectra, measured in KBr pellets, of starting materials and adducts indicate coplanarity of the nitrogroup and the benzene ring for the starting materials, and considerable steric inhibition of the mesomeric interaction between the nitro group and the benzene ring for the adducts.
Magnetometry with millimeter-scale antirelaxation-coated alkali-metal vapor cells (2006)

Dynamic nonlinear magneto-optical-rotation signals with frequency- and amplitude-modulated laser light have been observed and investigated with a spherical glass cell of 3 mm diameter containing Cs metal with inner walls coated with paraffin. Intrinsic Zeeman relaxation rates of γ/(2π)≈20 Hz and lower have been observed. Favorable prospects of using millimeter-scale coated cells in portable magnetometers and secondary frequency references are discussed.
HDL action on the vascular wall: is the answer NO? (2004)

Circulating levels of HDL cholesterol are inversely related to the risk of atherosclerosis, and therapeutic increases in HDL reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events. A new study shows that HDL-associated lysophospholipids stimulate the production of the potent antiatherogenic signaling molecule NO by the vascular endothelium.
Hydrocarbon complexes of iron, ruthenium, and osmium. Part 13. The chemistry of dicarbonyl(trimethylsilyl)(1—3;6—7-η-8-endo-trimethyl-silycyclo-octatrienyl)ruthenium, a pentalene precursor (1980)

Reactions of [Ru(SiMe3)(CO)2{1–3;6–7--C8H8(8-endo-SiMe3)}] with the compounds [Ru(SiMe3)2(CO)4], [Ru2(SiMe3)2(CO)8], or [Ru3(CO)1212] give triruthenium pentalene complexes [Ru3(CO)8{C8H6–n(SiMe3)n}](n= 0–2). Also formed are two closely related diruthenium complexes [Ru2(SiMe3)(CO)5(C8H8SiMe3)] and [Ru2(SiMe3)(CO)4(C8H8SiMe3)]; the former contains a cyclic η7–C8 ligand which ring-opens on thermolysis to yield an η8–C8 ligand in the latter. Reactions of [Ru(SiMe3)(CO)2{1–3;6–7-η-C8H7(SiMe3)2–5,8}] with the same reagents give only the pentalene complexes [Ru3(CO)8{C8H6–n(SiMe3)n}](n= 0–3), but in increased yields. Heterodimetallic complexes [FeRu(SiMe3)(CO)5(C8H8SiMe3)] and [MnRu(CO)7(C8H7)] are obtained on treating [Ru(SiMe3)(CO)2{1–3;6–7-η-C8H8(8-endo-SiMe3)}] with [Fe2(CO)9] or [MnMe(CO)5], respectively.
Isomeric Dihydroxanthopterins (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsomeric DihydroxanthopterinsGeorge H. Hitchings and Gertrude B. ElionCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 2, 467–473Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01170a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01170a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views112Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Satellite-to-indoor radio wave propagation channel simulation. First results-the polarization characteristics of the indoor wave (2002)

We have proposed to simulate the propagation characteristics of the satellite-to-indoor propagation channel. Our first goal has been to find a proper description of the polarization state of the received indoor wave. As far as our first investigations lead us, the polarization state of the indoor wave basically changes as we move further away from the windows, i.e. the secondary source of radiation. First we investigate how the polarization state of a complex harmonic field can be described, then results regarding our first simulations of the polarization state are presented. A modified 3D ray-launching tool has been utilized for the coverage prediction. Further work will include an exhaustive analysis of the dependence of the indoor wave on the elevation angle of the satellite, and the wideband characteristics of the channel: delay spread characteristics and Doppler spread, caused by satellite motion.
The distribution of adult training in European countries - Evidences from recent surveys (2011)

The importance of a highly skilled workforce has become increasingly relevant in the context of the European Union new strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth - ‘Europe 2020’. At the individual level, a good education is increasingly decisive for employment prospects and earnings levels. The skills and competences of the workforce are the product of a large variety of learning activities that take place in diverse institutional contexts. While good initial education provides an essential foundation, learning continues through the working years. Policies encouraging wide participation in continuing training are therefore an important component of lifelong learning strategies.\n\nVery little is known concerning differences in continuing training or their causes and consequences. Such information would be useful for assessing policy choices related to training, such as whether to encourage an overall increase in training levels or to attempt to redirect training investments toward groups currently receiving little training.\n\nThis publication deals with some of these issues. The first part uses harmonised data from European surveys on training to assemble a set of stylised facts concerning differences in the distribution of training across European countries. Part two examine some of these issues in greater depth; statistical techniques are used to analyse individual probabilities of training based on microdata from Adult Education Survey. A concluding section considers implications for policy in this area.
Zur Entwicklung der jungquartären Tieflandstäler im Saale-Elbe-Raum unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von 14C-Daten (1991)

Abstract. Erstmalig wurden für den Saale-Elbe-Raum — als geologisch gut erschlossenes Untersuchungsgebiet Mitteleuropas — systematisch gesammelte Proben durch Radiokarbon datiert. Somit ist es möglich, das weichseiszeitliche Alter der intakten und gekappten Niederterrasse zu bestätigen sowie die stark differenzierte holozäne Flußdynamik chronostratigraphisch zu erfassen. Die in der nacheiszeitlichen Flußgeschichte innerhalb eines komplexen Wirkungsgefüges ablaufenden Sedimentationsprozesse wurden in bestimmten Einzugsgebieten durch mittelbare anthropogene Eingriffe bereits seit neolithischer Zeit stark beeinflußt. Dies zeigt sich vor allem im Beginn und Verlauf der Auelehmakkumulation. Durch die radiometrische Datierung subfossiler Hölzer aus holozänen Flußschottern konnte ebenfalls für den mitteldeutschen Raum die Verdrängung der Kiefer durch die Eiche aus den Flußtälern bereits für das Boreal (ältestes 14C-Datum 8790 ± 140 BP) festgestellt werden. Dies stimmt gut mit Befunden aus anderen Flußgebieten vor allem des südlichen Mitteleuropas überein.
Nanofabrication and electrostatic operation of single-crystal silicon paddle oscillators (1999)

We report the fabrication and characterization of paddle oscillators featuring nanometer-scale supporting rods. The devices show two resonances in the 1–10 MHz range, which we attribute to the translational and torsional modes of motion. While the frequency response of the translational motion shows evidence of nonlinear behavior, the torsional response remains symmetric throughout the range of excitation. We present a model for the electrostatic excitation of the two modes. Torsional motion is induced via asymmetries of the system, and amplified by a modulation of the effective torsional constant. The model of the translational motion predicts a nonlinear behavior for displacements as small as 15 nm. Analysis of both modes of motion consistently suggests structures softer than expected from bulk silicon. Quality factors approaching 103 are measured.
Fluorescence-photoion-coincidence spectroscopy on ICN core excited molecules (1995)

An experimental setup is presented to measure coincidence spectra between a fluorescence photon (260 nm≤λph≤600 nm) and one or two photoions after core excitation providing information about the dissociation channels leading to excited, fluorescing states. The dissociation of ICN molecules excited in the iodine 4d shell is discussed. Upon resonant excitation the intensity due to the parent ion is found to be negligibly small and the atomic fragments comprise the most important part of the fluorescence intensity. For the first time coincidences between one photon and two photoions have been measured. In general, the observed mean slopes of the double coincidence peaks are consistent with photoelectron-photoion-photoion) measurements on ICN. In the I+/CN+ channel the singly charged iodine atom is found with relatively high percentage in a different excited state than in the I+/C+ or I+/N+ channels.
In vivo T cell activation, in vitro defective IL-2 secretion, and response to influenza vaccination in elderly women (1992)

IL-2 secretion in response to mitogenic stimulation, assayed in vitro, is significantly reduced in circulating T lymphocytes isolated from healthy old people, but the significance of this abnormality and how it relates to in vivo IL-2 secretion remain unclear. We found that IL-2 secretion in response to PHA plus PMA by peripheral blood T cells isolated from 10 out of 32 (31%) healthy old individuals (mean age 86 yr, range 74-97) was significantly decreased compared with results obtained in 23 younger individuals (mean age 34 yr, range 23-46). This IL-2 secretion defect in vitro was reversible after a 3-day incubation in the absence of activators. The 10 healthy old individuals who had defective IL-2 secretion in vitro also showed increased levels of serum IL-2. T cells from 22 healthy old and 22 young individuals, who had normal IL-2 secretion (geometric mean +/- log of 1 SD: 139 +/- 0.3 U/ml and 212 +/- 0.31 U/ml, respectively) in vitro, showed a remarkable transient T cell defect in IL-2 secretion (15 +/- 0.47 U/ml for the old, 54 +/- 0.28 U/ml for the young) 15 days after influenza vaccination. IL-2 secretion became normal again 30 days after vaccination. The T cell-IL-2 activity, expressed as a T cell-IL-2 activity score (calculated as the logarithm of the serum IL-2 U/ml divided by the logarithm of the IL-2 secretion U/ml, in vitro) was significantly increased in elderly non-responders after influenza vaccination (mean +/- 1 SD: 1.4 +/- 0.51) compared with elderly (0.44 +/- 0.13) and younger responders (0.3 +/- 0.2). Our data suggest that in vitro defective IL-2 secretion is a consequence of T cell activation which seems to occur in a significant proportion of healthy elderly individuals and may be clinically relevant inasmuch as it appears to prevent the normal vaccine-induced antibody response.
Study of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Using Ionic Liquid/Cobalt Porphyrin Systems as Electro and Photoelectrocatalysts (2020)

In this work, the design and manufacture of graphite paste (Gr) electrodes is carried out, including N-octylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate (OPyPF6) ionic liquid (IL) as binder and modification with Co-octaethylporphyrin (Co), in order to study the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in the absence and presence of light. The system is characterized by XRD and FESEM-EDX (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy), confirming the presence of all the components of the system in the electrode surface. The studies carried out in this investigation confirm that a photoelectrocatalytic system towards HER is obtained. The system is stable, efficient and easy to prepare. Through cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, was determined that these electrodes improve their electrochemical and electrical properties upon the addition of OPyPF6. These effects improve even more when the systems are modified with Co porphyrin. It is also observed that when the systems are irradiated at 395 nm, the redox process is favored in energy terms, as well as in its electrical properties. Through gas chromatography, it was determined that the graphite paste electrode in the presence of ionic liquid and porphyrin (Gr/IL/Co) presents a high turnover number (TON) value (6342 and 6827 in presence of light) in comparison to similar systems reported.
Specific Binding of<sup>36</sup>CI- Ions to Rat Cerebellar Membranes: Effect of GABA and S-100 Protein (1987)

36Cl- ions display specific binding to rat cerebellum membranes. Although this binding at a 136Cl-1 of 2 X 10(-7) M is only 18% of total binding, it shows several interesting characteristics. It is higher in a GABA receptor rich region such as the cerebellum than in the cerebral cortex. It is higher in synaptic than in total membranes of the cerebral cortex. 36Cl- binding to cerebellar membranes in inhibited by 10(-4) M picrotoxin and by 10(-4) M GABA, the GABA effect being antagonized by bicuculline. All these characteristics appear to point out that 36Cl- specifically binds to GABAA receptor associated Cl- channels in their closed state. The brain specific antigen S-100 also is able to inhibit 36Cl- binding to rat cerebellar membranes.