gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extraction of facial regions and features using color and shape information (1996)

There are many applications for systems coping with the problem of face localization and recognition, e.g. model-based video coding, security systems and mug shot matching. Due to variations in illumination, back-ground, visual angle and facial expressions, the problem of machine face recognition is complex. In this paper we present a robust approach for the extraction of facial regions and features out of color images. First, face candidates are located based on the color and shape information. Then the topographic grey-level relief of facial regions is evaluated to determine the position of facial features as eyes and month. Results are shown for two example scenes.
Using Probe-Measured Travel Times to Detect Major Freeway Incidents in Houston, Texas (1996)

As a prelude to installing an automatic vehicle identification system for collecting traffic and travel time information from probe vehicles, the Texas Transportation Institute, in conjunction with the Texas Department of Transportation, initiated a pilot study to test the feasibility of using probe-provided travel time information to detect freeway incidents. As part of this pilot study, 200 commuters equipped with cellular telephones were used to collect travel time and incident information from three facilities [I-45 (both the main lanes and the high-occupancy-vehicle lane), the Hardy Toll Road, and US-59] on the north side of Houston, Texas. Historical travel time patterns were developed for each link using data from known incident-free conditions. The statistical principle of standard normal deviates was applied to 11 months of data to determine when a probe travel time exceeded the expected travel time under incident-free conditions. Whereas this approach resulted in detection rates that were lower and false alarm rates that were higher than those reportedly produced by other incident detection algorithms, this study illustrated that some level of incident detection could be achieved using travel time information provided by probe vehicles. Because of limitations in the data, it was not possible to determine the number of incidents that were not detected by the system or the detection times for the known incident conditions.
Plasma equilibrium in a Tokamak (1971)

The paper summarizes the basic information on the equilibrium of a toroidal plasma column in systems of the Tokamak type. It considers the methods of maintaining a plasma in equilibrium with the help of a conducting casing, an external maintaining field and the iron core of a transformer. Attention is paid to the role of the inhomogeneity of the maintaining field. It is shown in particular how the shape of the column cross-section depends on the curvature of the lines of force of the maintaining field. For the case (which has practical importance) weak asymmetry of the field distribution in the transverse cross-section, this paper describes a uniform method of consideration, which takes into account the influence of different factors on the equilibrium position of the column. This method is used for calculating plasma equilibrium in a Tokamak model with a conducting casing. Account is here taken of the effect of gaps in the casing and of finite electrical conductivity. Some cases of plasma equilibrium which are outside the standard Tokamak scheme are also considered, such as equilibrium in a conducting shell having the shape of a racetrack, equilibrium where the whole current is transferred by relativistic runaway electrons and equilibrium at high plasma pressure βI ∼R/a.
Estimation and Inference of Diffusion Coefficients in Complex Biomolecular Environments (2011)

The 1-D diffusion coefficient associated with a charged atom fluctuating in an ion-channel binding pocket is statistically analyzed. More specifically, unconstrained and constrained molecular dynamics simulations of potassium in gramicidin A are studied. Time domain transition density based inference methods are used to fit simple stochastic differential equations and also to carry out frequentist goodness of fit tests. Particular attention is paid to varying the time between adjacent time series observations due to the well-known "non-Markovian noise" that can appear in this system due to inertia and other unresolved coordinates influencing the dynamics. Different types of non-Markovian noise are shown by the goodness of fit tests to be statistically significant on vastly different time scales. On intermediate scales, a Markovian model is not rejected by the tests; models calibrated at these intermediate scales demonstrate a predictive capability for some physical quantities. However, in this intermediate regime, ergodic sampling does not occur over the length of a time series, but a local diffusion coefficient is deemed statistically acceptable for the observed raw data. It is demonstrated that a linear mixed effects model can be used to summarize the variation induced by slow unresolved degrees of freedom acting as a non-Markovian noise source. The utility of quantitative criteria for assessing low-dimensional stochastic models calibrated from time series generated by high-dimensional biomolecular systems is briefly discussed. Less coarse-grained data summaries of this type show promise for better understanding the kinetic signature of unresolved degrees of freedom in time series coming from simulations and single-molecule experiments.
An analysis of the reflex systemic vasodilator response elicited by lung inflation in the dog (1968)

1. A maintained inflation of the lungs caused a reflex reduction in total systemic vascular resistance in anaesthetized dogs under conditions in which the systemic circulation was perfused at constant blood flow and the arterial blood P O 2 and P CO 2 were maintained constant. 2. The fall in systemic arterial perfusion pressure evoked by inflation of the lungs was accompanied by an increase in blood flow to the lower limbs and a reduction in their calculated vascular resistance. Since the fall in resistance occurred when the limb was perfused either at constant pressure or at constant blood flow, it must be due to vasodilatation. 3. Lung inflation caused vasodilatation in skin, muscle, and in the splanchnic vascular bed. The responses in vertebral circulation were, however, small and variable. 4. The vasodilator responses in the vascular territories studied were reflex in nature, being abolished by cutting the cervical vagosympathetic nerves, in which run the afferent fibres, or by interrupting the sympathetic pathways to the blood vessels. 5. In the intact limb, muscle, skin and splanchnic vascular bed, the vasodilator responses to lung inflation were unaffected by atropine or propranolol, but were abolished by hexamethonium, dibenyline and bretylium tosylate, indicating that they were due predominantly to a reduction in the activity in sympathetic adrenergic vasoconstrictor fibres.
The heterogeneous hidden/exposed terminal problem for power-controlled ad hoc MAC protocols and its solutions (2005)

The interference and power control issues are among the most important and urgent problems that have to be solved for ad hoc networks to be efficient and widely applicable. We identify a number of unique problems in multihop networks. We then propose the interference-aware multiple access (IAMA) scheme for medium access control (MAC) in ad hoc networks and multihop wireless LANs. Based on detached dialogues, triggered CTS, and the object-to-sending (OTS) mechanisms, IAMA is the first and only distributed MAC scheme reported in the literature thus far that can solve the additive interference problem using the same channel shared by both data packets and their associated control messages. It is also the first distributed MAC scheme that can achieve interference awareness without relying on busy tone or dual transceivers per mobile device. IAMA can also solve the variable-power heterogeneous hidden/exposed terminal problem without relying on any hardware for measuring signal strength, and naturally supports interference engineering and multiple access with directional antennas.
Optimistic Fair-Exchange with Anonymity for Bitcoin Users (2014)

Fair-exchange and anonymity are two important attributes in e-commerce. It is much more difficult to expect fairness in e-commerce transactions using Bit coin due to anonymity and transaction irreversibility. Genuine consumers and merchants who would like to make and receive payments using Bit coin may be reluctant to do so due to this uncertainty. The proposed protocol guarantees strong-fairness while preserving anonymity of the consumer and the merchant, using Bit coin as a payment method which addresses the aforementioned concern. The involvement of the trusted third party (TTP) is kept to a minimum, which makes the protocol optimistic and the exchanged product is not revealed to TTP. It achieves dispute resolution within the protocol run without any intervention of an external judge. Finally we show how the protocol can be easily adapted to use other digital cash systems designed using public ledgers such as Zerocoin/Zerocash.
Travel time prediction for dynamic routing using ant based control (2009)

Currently most car drivers use static routing devices based on the shortest distance between start and end position. But the shortest route can differ from the shortest route in time. To compute alternative routes it is necessary to have good prediction models of expected congestions and a fast algorithm to compute the shortest path while being able to react to dynamic changes in the network caused by special incidents. In this paper we present a dynamic routing system based on Ant Based Control (ABC). Starting from historical traffic data, ants are used to compute and predict the travel times along the road segments. They are finding the fastest routes not only looking to the past and present traffic conditions but also trying to anticipate and avoid future congestions.
The natural history of the WRKY–GCM1 zinc fingers and the relationship between transcription factors and transposons (2006)

WRKY and GCM1 are metal chelating DNA-binding domains (DBD) which share a four stranded fold. Using sensitive sequence searches, we show that this WRKY-GCM1 fold is also shared by the FLYWCH Zn-finger domain and the DBDs of two classes of Mutator-like element (MULE) transposases. We present evidence that they share a stabilizing core, which suggests a possible origin from a BED finger-like intermediate that was in turn ultimately derived from a C2H2 Zn-finger domain. Through a systematic study of the phyletic pattern, we show that this WRKY-GCM1 superfamily is a widespread eukaryote-specific group of transcription factors (TFs). We identified several new members across diverse eukaryotic lineages, including potential TFs in animals, fungi and Entamoeba. By integrating sequence, structure, gene expression and transcriptional network data, we present evidence that at least two major global regulators belonging to this superfamily in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Rcs1p and Aft2p) have evolved from transposons, and attained the status of transcription regulatory hubs in recent course of ascomycete yeast evolution. In plants, we show that the lineage-specific expansion of WRKY-GCM1 domain proteins acquired functional diversity mainly through expression divergence rather than by protein sequence divergence. We also use the WRKY-GCM1 superfamily as an example to illustrate the importance of transposons in the emergence of new TFs in different lineages.
A Secure Chameleon Hash Function without Key Exposure from Pairings (2014)

Abstract—Chameleon signatures are based on well established hash-and-sign paradigm, where a chameleon hash function is used to compute the cryptographic message digest, and becomes an important building block. The chameleon hash function is a trapdoor one-way hash function with some special properties, and plays an important role in constructing chameleon signature. In the paper, we propose a new chameleon hash scheme which enjoys some advantages of the previous schemes: collision-resistant, semantic security, and key-exposure-freeness. At the same time, we show that the recipient’s trapdoor information will never be compromised under the assumption of q-SDH+CDH problem which is a new security assumption Index Terms—security analysis, chameleon hash function, key exposure free, the q-SDH+CDH problem I.
Temperature stimula ting shape memory polyurethane for sma rt clothing (2006)

An Attempt has been made to investigate the application of temperature stimulating shape memory polyurethane for smart breathable clothing and the principle of temperature stimulating-polymer described. Shape memory behaviour of shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) and its relationship with temperature sensitive water vapour permeability for smart clothing applications have been investigated. The water vapour permeability of SMPU has been compared with that of the ordinary polyurethane (PU). The result shows temperature sensitive water vapour permeability at the phase transition temperature (soft segment crystal melting point) of shape memory PU. However, no such abrupt change in water vapour permeability through the ordinary PU is observed. Finally, some applications of temperature stimulating SMPU for smart breathable textiles have been proposed.
Learning query and document similarities from click-through bipartite graph with metadata (2013)

We consider learning query and document similarities from a click-through bipartite graph with metadata on the nodes. The metadata contains multiple types of features of queries and documents. We aim to leverage both the click-through bipartite graph and the features to learn query-document, document-document, and query-query similarities. The challenges include how to model and learn the similarity functions based on the graph data.
Stability of Hepatitis A Virus (1984)

The stabilities of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and of poliovirus type 2 were compared under strictly controlled, identical conditions of pH value, temperature, and salt concentration. Although the resistance of the viruses proved to be the same from pH 3 to 11, the temperature at which 50% of poliovirus particles became disintegrated during heating at pH 7.0 for 10 min (T50,10 = 43 degrees) differed significantly from that characteristic for HAV (T50,10 = 61 degrees). In the presence of 1 M MgCl2, the T50,10 for poliovirus and for HAV shifted to 61 degrees and 81 degrees, respectively. Destabilization of the physical integrity of HAV by heating resulted in the release of viral RNA and, simultaneously, in the generation of several 'empty' capsid structures or dissociation products thereof. Empty capsids and further dissociation products were still serologically reactive with anti-HAV IgG contained in human convalescent sera. With further heating (greater than T50,10 = 67 degrees or greater than T50,1 = 87 degrees), however, they irreversibly lost this reactivity.
Vorwort (2001)

Mit der Thronbesteigung Wilhelms II. im Juni 1888 beginnt die für Deutschland unheilvolle Phase der Persönlichen Monarchie. Weitgehend ungetrübt von Sachkenntnis in diplomatischen Gepflogenheiten und von Nachdenklichkeit unangekränkelt, poltert der junge deutsche Kaiser über das sensible Feld der Außenpolitik. Ungeschicklichkeit im Umgang mit dem russischen Zaren und Grobheit gegenüber dem englischen Königshaus kennzeichnen die Anfänge des herrscherlichen Dilettantismus. So gering die Kompetenz, so groß war das Selbstbewußtsein des neuen Imperator Rex, der sich von Gott zur Herrschaft berufen glaubte und daher auch den Anspruch auf unbedingten Gehorsam seiner Minister, Generäle und Beamten vertrat. Die Folge dieser Haltung war der baldige Schwund von sachkundigen Ratgebern und starken Persönlichkeiten in der Reichsleitung. Unverkennbares Symptom dieser politisch-moralischen Führungskrise war der von Wilhelm II. provozierte Rücktritt Bismarcks – eine Schwächung, von der sich das Kaiserreich nie mehr erholen sollte. Von diesem Zeitpunkt an war das Rückgrat des Widerstands gegen Wilhelms Autokratismus gebrochen, der zumindest die schlimmsten Auswüchse hätte verhindern können. Fortan betrieb der Kaiser unbeirrt seine wankelmütige Geheimdiplomatie und seine Flottenbaupolitik, deren Bewegungsgesetz letztendlich der herrscherliche Narzißmus war. Der Sturz Bismarcks und die Unberechenbarkeit des Kaisers waren gleichermaßen wenig geeignet, das bei den anderen europäischen Mächten wachsende Mißtrauen gegenüber dem jungen Herrscher zu zerstreuen. Und exakt jene Charakterzüge, die seine Politik prägten, spiegelte auch die unduldsame und autoritäre Haltung Wilhelms gegenüber den Mitgliedern der eigenen Familie. Er stellte den kaiserlichen Machtanspruch über das Wohl seiner Mutter und über das Glück seiner Schwestern. So ließen Gefühlskälte, Großmannssucht und Allmachtsstreben des deutschen Kaisers weder seine Familie noch der Welt viel Gutes von ihm erwarten.
Origin of tensile stress in the Si substrate induced by TiN∕HfO2 metal gate/high-k dielectric gate stack (2008)

The tensile stress induced by the metal TiN film in the atomic layer deposited HfO2∕TiN stacks has been found from the crystallite coalescence mechanism of the Volmer–Weber-type growth mode at the early stage of the TiN film formation. The higher tensile stress induced by 3nm TiN film than that by the 20nm TiN film resulted from the smaller grain size and the [200] orientation of the TiN layer. Electron energy loss spectrum profile shows that there is no significant elemental interdiffusion between HfO2 and TiN, which could contribute to stress relaxation.
THE REMOVAL OF ???CROSS-HATCH??? SCARS (1960)

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and the Transplantation Bulletin: January 1960 - Volume 25 - Issue 1 - p 73-76
An Efficient Hardware Implementation of HOG Feature Extraction for Human Detection (2013)

In intelligent transportation systems, human detection is an important issue and has been widely used in many applications. Histograms of oriented gradients (HOG) are proven to be able to significantly outperform existing feature sets for human detection. In this paper, we present a low-cost high-speed hardware implementation for HOG feature extraction. The simulation shows that the proposed circuit can achieve 167 MHz with 153-K gate counts by using Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company 0.13-μm technology. Compared with the previous hardware architectures for HOG feature extraction, our circuit requires fewer hardware costs and achieves faster working speed.
Morphological Networks (1989)

The standard operations in mathematical morphology involve erosions, dilations, openings, and closings which have been defined on binary and grey scale images. A generalization of standard morphology is discussed and leads to a new operation: weighted rank order filters. A different type of generalization leads to morphology in a vector space. A combination of the two ideas is developed, and involves a sequence or network of layers of weighted rank order filters on vector spaces which have properties very similar to multi-layer neural networks. A weighted rank order cell has a non-linear soft threshold response at the output. Due to the nature of rank order filtering, a unique supervised training procedure can be defined which allows weights in hidden layers to be trained as quickly and easily as those in the output layer.
Laser cladding with powder (1998)

This thesis is directed to laser cladding with powder and a CO2 laser as heat source. The laser beam intensity profile turned out to be an important pa6 Summary rameter in laser cladding. A numerical model was developed that allows the prediction of the surface temperature distribution that is attained with an arbitrarily shaped intensity profile. Input parameters for this model are laser machining parameters and properties of the laser beam, as well as material properties and the absorption of laser energy at the surface. The thermal material properties and the absorptivity were derived from experiments.
The level of <scp>C</scp>‐reactive protein in chronic hemodialysis patients: A comparative study between patients with noninfected catheters and arteriovenous fistula in two large <scp>G</scp>ulf hemodialysis centers (2014)

Hemodialysis (HD) patients have greater morbidity and mortality when they have a central venous catheter (CVC) rather than an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) access. Inflammation associated with dialysis catheter use and resultant higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels could have an independent adverse effect on patient outcomes. In this prospective study, we investigated whether HD catheters induce inflammation independent of infection. We compared the mean levels of the inflammatory marker (CRP) in 67 patients on maintenance HD using noninfected catheters with 86 HD patients using AVFs at Prince Salman Center for Kidney Diseases, Saudi Arabia (KSA), and Jahra Hospital, Kuwait, who met our inclusion criteria. C-reactive protein levels were measured every 2 months over a period of 6 months using immunoturbidimetric assay. One hundred fifty-three patients on maintenance HD for more than 6 months were included in the study, with mean age of 52.19 ± 16.06 years; 66% were males and 34% were females. Serial levels of mean CRP were statistically and significantly higher in group with noninfected catheters (1.33, 1.24, and 1.10 mg/dL) compared to those with AVFs (0.65, 0.59, and 0.68 mg/dL) with P value of 0.000. In our study, we found no relation between CRP level and age, sex, hemoglobin, albumin, calcium, phosphorus, and iPTH level in both groups. Hemodialysis patients with a catheter have a heightened state of inflammation independent of infection, and thus our study supports the avoidance of catheters and a timely conversion to AVFs with catheter removal.
A Review On Implementation Of Ss- Cdma Transmitter And Reciever System By Using Vhdl (2016)

Digital Code Division Multiple Access .In CDMA allows many users to transmit and receive at the same time using a single channel. The transmitter and receiver are synchronized and synthesis carried out using VHDL tool shows increase in the overall speed of the system & the power consumption of the CDMA system will be reduced and error should not be introduce in this system. In past few years, lot of research is performed in both industries and academics into the development of CDMA. In CDMA multiple signal channels occupy the same frequency band being distinguished by the use of different spreading codes. Digital cellular telephone system and personal communication system uses CDMA communication. In this direct sequence spread spectrum principle based code division multiple access (CDMA) transmitter and receiver is implemented in VHDL for FPGA. The Xilinx synthesis technology of Xilinx ISE 9.2i tool will be used for synthesis of transmitter and receiver on FPGA Spartan3E. A transmitter https://journalnx.com/journal-article/20150032