gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
When one cannot not communicate: A challenge to motley's traditional communication postulates (1991)

In a recent article, Motley (1990) challenges the popular axiom that one cannot not communicate by advancing five postulates from a sender perspective. From this perspective, communication is intentional, is interactive, is encoded, requires symbols, and has a fidelity dimension. After detailing nine possible types of communication, the present article offers a receiver perspective, concluding that scholars should be interested in at least six types of communication. The receiver perspective holds that communication can be unintentional, noninteractive, and symptomatic, spontaneous, and nonsymbolic, and without a fidelity requirement. Implications of these perspectives for the study of communication are provided.
Giant M-E effect of multiferroic BaTiO/sub 3/--LaMnO/sub 3/ ceramic composites (2005)

The magnetic and dielectric properties of ceramic composites, in which 10 mol% antiferromagnetic LaMnO/sub 3/ was added to ferroelectric BaTiO/sub 3/, have been investigated. X-ray diffraction measurement showed that ceramics sintered in the range of 1050-1150/spl deg/C are composites containing a small amount of (La, Ba)MnO/sub 3/ phase along with BaTiO/sub 3/ phase. These composites were found to be multiferroic materials simultaneously exhibiting ferromagnetic and ferroelectric properties at room temperature. When an electric field of 2.3 kV/mm was applied to the composite sintered at 1200/spl deg/C, a reduction of spontaneous magnetization as large as 70% was observed at room temperature. This reduction may be ascribed to the decrease of electron transfer interaction of the precipitated ferromagnetic (La, Ba)MnO/sub 3/ caused by electrostriction of the surrounding BaTiO/sub 3/ matrix.
High-power sub-50 fs, Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb:CaF2 oscillator pumped by high-brightness fiber-laser (2014)

We investigated the influence of the spatial pump beam quality on the generation of ultra-short pulses in high-brightness Yb:fiber laser-pumped pure Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb:CaF2 oscillators. We report pulse duration as short as 48 fs with an average output power of 2.7 W.
Synthesis of Cucurbituril-spermine-[2]rotaxanes of the Amide-type (2000)

Abstract [2]Rotaxanes with the macrocyclic ligand cucurbituril were prepared in yields between 10 and 90% from the reaction of the spermine complex with cucurbituril and different carboxylic acid chlorides in a two phase Schotten-Baumann reaction. This reaction type offers the possibility to synthesize a lot of different [2]rotaxanes. They are characterised by elemental analysis, 1H-NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.
High-Permeability Carbonate Zones (Super-K) in Ghawar Field (Saudi Arabia): Identified, Characterized, and Evaluated for Gel Treatments (2005)

Abstract Super-k (carbonate zones of extremely high permeability) can significantly enhance recovery per well in the Ghawar Field. These zones present a challenge at the onset of normal water arrival as the water contribution from these zones dominates the flow in the wellbore—causing either high water-cut or water loading. As a component of the common practices in Ghawar, water shut-off techniques such as the one described in this paper present an effective mechanism to manage water production. This research project has three objectives. The first objective is to identify and characterize super-k zones. The second objective is to identify chemical blocking agents that can be placed in super-k zones without reducing hydrocarbon productivity. The third objective is to identify an effective technique to optimize the size and the placement of the chemical blocking agents. Concerning disproportionate permeability reduction (DPR), gelant treatments, that rely on the ability of the gels to be placed in the rock matrix adjacent to the fractures and to reduce permeability to water much more than that to hydrocarbons (DPR in the rock matrix); have more significant potential than does application of DPR in the fracture. A high residual resistance factor to oil in the fracture may shut-off oil. Distances of gelant penetration can be predicted by knowing the pressure drop and controlling the gelation time. Gel properties for a strong gel that reduces permeability to water as a function of polymer concentrations can also be predicted. If pressure drawdown is held constant before and after a treatment, calculations suggest that relatively small gelant volumes may be most cost-effective in our case. The cost of water treatment, the initial water production rate, the oil residual resistance factor, and the pressure drawdown have strong effects on the economic benefits derived from this approach.
Structure of nedocromil sodium: a novel anti-asthmatic agent (1987)

C 19 H 15 NO 7 2− •2Na + •3H 2 O cristallise dans le systeme triclinique avec le groupe d'espace P2 1 /n. Affinement de la structure jusqu'a 0,069
Ultra-Low Power SiGe Driver-IC for high-speed Electroabsorption Modulated DFB Lasers (2017)

A small footprint electroabsorption modulated DFB laser TOSA with an ultra-low power SiGe driver with a power efficiency of 3.59 pJ/bit is demonstrated. Good optical eye openings up to 56 GBd NRZ and 64 Gb/s PAM-4 were obtained. The novel SiGe EML driver consumes 84 mW only.
Highly sensitive quartz crystal microbalance based biosensor using Au dendrite structure (2017)

A Au dendrite structure was obtained by only electroplating under a suitable potential. A blanch like nanostructure was formed along the crystal orientation. In this study, we attempted to fabricate a Au dendrite structure on the electrode of a quartz crystal by electroplating to increase the specific surface area. We estimated the effective surface area by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and monitored the frequency shift induced by antigen–antibody interaction by the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) method. The dendrite structure with the largest surface area was formed under −0.95 V for 5 min. In the measurement of the antigen–antibody interaction, the frequency shifts of 40, 80, and 110 Hz were obtained with the dendrite structured QCM chips formed at the above potential for 1, 1.5, and 2.0 min, respectively. The sensitivity was improved compared with that QCM chip having a flat surface electrode.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of ion-beam-induced oxidation of GaAs and AlGaAs (1992)

The oxidation of GaAs and AlGaAs targets subjected to O2+ bombardment has been analyzed, using in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, as a function of time until steady state is reached. The oxides formed by the O2+ bombardment have been characterized in terms of composition and binding energy. A strong energy and angular dependence for the oxidation of As relative to Ga is found. Low energies as well as near normal angles of incidence favor the oxidation of As. The difference between Ga and As can be explained in terms of the formation enthalpy for the oxide and the excess supply of oxygen. In an AlGaAs target the Al is very quickly completely oxidized irrespective of the experimental conditions. The steady state composition of the altered layers show in all cases a preferential removal of As.
Comparison of machine vision with human measurement of seed dimensions. (1990)

Abstract Length, width, and thickness of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata), and perennial ryegrass seeds (Lolium perenne) were measured by a machine vision system and by four human operators using a microscope with a reticle. Statistical analysis showed that the consistency of machine vision measure-ments was greater than that of the human measurements and required about one-third of the time. Overall accuracy of machine vision system measurements appears to be sufficient to be the basis for selection of screen opening and indent pocket sizes used in seed conditioning operations.
Fully Packed Capillary Electrochromatographic Microchip with Self-Assembly Colloidal Silica Beads (2007)

A fully packed capillary electrochromatographic (CEC) microchip showing improved solution and chip handling was developed. Microchannels for the CEC microchip were patterned on a cyclic olefin copolymer substrate by injection molding and packed fully with 0.8-microm monodisperse colloidal silica beads utilizing a self-assembly packing technique. The silica packed chip substrate was covered and thermally press-bonded. After fabrication, the chip was filled with buffer solution by self-priming capillary action. The self-assembly packing at each channel served as a built-in nanofilter allowing quick loading of samples and running buffer solution without filtration. Because of a large surface area-to-volume ratio of the silica packing, reproducible control of electroosmotic flow was possible without leveling of the solutions in the reservoirs resulting 1.3% rsd in migration rate. The capillary electrophoretic separation characteristics of the chip were studied using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-derivatized amino acids as probe molecules. A mixture of FITC and four FITC-derivatized amino acids was successfully separated with 2-mm separation channel length.
β-Subunit myristoylation is the gatekeeper for initiating metabolic stress sensing by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) (2010)

The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an αβγ heterotrimer that acts as a master metabolic regulator to maintain cellular energy balance following increased energy demand and increases in the AMP/ATP ratio. This regulation provides dynamic control of energy metabolism, matching energy supply with demand that is essential for the function and survival of organisms. AMPK is inactive unless phosphorylated on Thr172 in the α-catalytic subunit activation loop by upstream kinases (LKB1 or calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β). How a rise in AMP levels triggers AMPK α-Thr172 phosphorylation and activation is incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate unequivocally that AMP directly stimulates α-Thr172 phosphorylation provided the AMPK β-subunit is myristoylated. Loss of the myristoyl group abolishes AMP activation and reduces the extent of α-Thr172 phosphorylation. Once AMPK is phosphorylated, AMP further activates allosterically but this activation does not require β-subunit myristoylation. AMP and glucose deprivation also promote membrane association of myristoylated AMPK, indicative of a myristoyl-switch mechanism. Our results show that AMP regulates AMPK activation at the initial phosphorylation step, and that β-subunit myristoylation is important for transducing the metabolic stress signal.
Perennial Antarctic Lake Ice: An Oasis for Life in a Polar Desert (1998)

The permanent ice covers of Antarctic lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys develop liquid water inclusions in response to solar heating of internal aeolian-derived sediments. The ice sediment particles serve as nutrient (inorganic and organic)-enriched microzones for the establishment of a physiologically and ecologically complex microbial consortium capable of contemporaneous photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, and decomposition. The consortium is capable of physically and chemically establishing and modifying a relatively nutrient- and organic matter-enriched microbial "oasis" embedded in the lake ice cover.
Blue Luminescence of Facial Tris(quinolin‐8‐olato)aluminum(<scp>III</scp>) in Solution, Crystals, and Thin Films (2004)

Isolation, mass production, and characterization in solution and in the solid state of the facial stereoisomer of tris(quinolin‐8‐olato)aluminum( III ) (Alq 3 ) is reported. A phase‐ transformation diagram shows how to selectively produce the two blue‐emitting polymorphs of the fac isomer (γ‐ and δ‐Alq 3 ; see Figure) via a solid‐to‐solid reaction, opening the route to the development of blue‐light‐emitting Alq 3 ‐based OLEDs.
SISTEMAS TRANSDÉRMICOS PARA VEICULAÇÃO DE FÁRMACOS (1999)

Os farmacos sao geralmente administrados, via oral, ocular, nasal, retal ou parenteral. Os intervalos de administracao podem ser inconvenientes e alguns farmacos, quando administrados, via oral, sao parcialmente desativados ou neutralizados no estomago, intestino ou figado, antes de alcancarem a corrente sanguinea, levando a uma consequente baixa biodisponibilidade, que conduz a administracao de altas doses do farmaco para garantir a sua eficacia, aumentando os riscos de efeitos colaterais. A via parenteral, alem de representar altos custos, apresenta tambem, problemas relacionados com esterilizacao.
BREEDING AND GENETICS Visual Ratings and Relationships of Trichomes on Bracts, Leaves, and Stems of Upland Cotton (2007)

Reduction of trichome density on various organs of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants may enhance the ability to clean seedcotton and lint. Visual ratings of trichomes could facilitate characterization of genotypes and selection for specific types of pubescence. The objectives of this study were to determine if trichomes on leaves, stems, and bracts can be effectively characterized by visual ratings and to determine the relation-ships of trichome density on abaxial leaf surfaces, leaf margins, stems, and bract margins. Random plants from segregating populations were selected from plantings at Keiser, AR, in 2001 and 2002. Visual ratings from 1 (glabrous) to 7 (very hairy)
[Enterohemorrhagic colitis: comparison of clinical and CT findings]. (1999)

Abdominal precontrast CT was performed in 12 patients (5 males, 7 females, 29-81 years, mean age; 57.5 years) with enterohemorrhagic colitis due to Escherichia coli O157:H7. Mural thickening was recognized in the terminal ileum (11/12), cecum (12/12), ascending colon (11/12), transverse colon (7/12), descending colon (2/12), and rectosigmoid colon (1/12). Dirty fat sign, lymphadenopathy, and peritoneal fluid collection were seen in 11, 7, and 5 of the 12 cases, respectively. The CT appearance of enterohemorrhagic colitis is one of moderate to severe circumferential thickening. The bowel wall is heterogeneous because of submucosal edema and hemorrhage. The CT appearance is nonspecific, but the condition is mainly seen in the right colon. Precontrast CT is useful in the screening of enterohemorrhagic colitis, especially in mass outbreaks.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of the anticancer drug cisplatin, cis-[Pt(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>] (2015)

A microwave-assisted synthesis of cisplatin, cis-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2], has been developed and optimized on both a 0.2 and 0.05 millimolar scale. The optimized synthetic procedure was modeled after the Lebedinskii-Golovnya method and is suitable for incorporating the radionuclide, (195m)Pt, into cisplatin for biological studies. Highest yields (47%) and purity are obtained using a K2PtCl4 : NH4OAc : KCl molar ratio of 1 : 4 : 2 at a temperature of 100 °C. The entire synthesis and purification procedure requires approximately 80 min. At a reaction temperature of 150 °C, the trans isomer is the exclusive product, suggesting that complexes of the general form, trans-[Pt(RNH2)2Cl2], can be synthesized directly from K2PtCl4 using [RNH3]OAc (R = alkyl or aryl moieties) via a microwave process. Two novel separation procedures have been developed which efficiently remove the major impurity (1 : 1 Magnus-type salt) from the crude reaction product, yielding a product of purity comparable to that obtained by the Dhara method and suitable for biological studies. These procedures are applicable to both the micro- and macro-scale of synthesis. The question of whether this microwave-assisted synthesis of cisplatin will be a preferred method for incorporating (195m)Pt into cisplatin is yet to be determined.
Gyromagnetic Ratio of Helium<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math>Atoms By Optical Pumping: Level Shifts (1968)

The gyromagnetic ratio of optically aligned $2^{3}S_{1}$ helium atoms has been measured by comparing its Zeeman resonance frequency with the proton transition frequency in the earth's magnetic field. The value of $\frac{{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathrm{He}}}{2\ensuremath{\pi}}$ extrapolated to zero light intensity is (2.80235 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.000 03) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{6}$ Hz ${\mathrm{G}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The use of unpolarized light to align the helium sample reduces the $g$ factor by an amount proportional to the pumping light intensity. This displacement results from an admixture of the excited-state ($2^{3}P_{2}$) $g$ factor into the $2^{3}S_{1}$ state during the optical pumping cycle. When the pumping light is circularly polarized, an additional shift appears, caused by virtual transitions related to the dispersion of the pumping light.
Progress Towards Fully On-Chip Frequency-Stabilization for Sub-Terahertz Sources (2020)

All promising applications of sub-terahertz (sub-THz) and millimeter-wave (mm-wave) systems, from molecular spectroscopy with absolute spectral specificity, high-resolution imaging and sensing, and ultra-high-speed communications, require the design of frequency-stabilized signal generators. In this paper, we review the recent progress made in UNIC group at the University of Michigan, to implement stabilized-frequency signal generators at sub-THz frequencies. First, we report a coherent imaging transceiver at 319-323 GHz, which utilizes a conventional phase-locked loop technique for frequency locking. It achieves radiated power of 2 mW with the total DC power consumption of 605 mW. To eliminate the frequency divider and off-chip reference in the PLL loop, we report another work based on the new idea of on-chip frequency stabilization feedback. It is a 308-317 GHz frequency stabilized high-output-power radiating array with peak-radiated power of 4.6 mW and total DC power consumption of 1.18 W. All of the above circuits are fabricated using 130 nm SiGe:C BiCMOS technology.
Polymerization-Filling Technique:  An Efficient Way To Improve the Mechanical Properties of Polyethylene Composites (2001)

The polymerization-filling technique has been used to coat glass beads by a polyolefinic layer. This precoating allows for improving the mechanical properties of polyethylene composites prepared by melt-blending HDPE with the surface-modified filler. As a typical example, a 10-fold increase of the impact resistance has been measured for HDPE filled with polyethylene surface-coated glass beads (20 wt % filler), as compared with that of the same composite containing however unmodified glass particles.
Cyst‐Induced Toxoplasmosis in Cats* (1972)

SYNOPSIS. The life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii is described from cats orally inoculated with Toxoplasma cysts. Five new structural stages of Toxoplasma designated as “types” A‐E were found in the epithelial cells of the small and large intestine. Type A is the smallest of all 5 intestinal Toxoplasma types. It occurs as collections of 2‐3 organisms in the jejunum 12–18 hr after infection. Type B organisms are characterized by a centrally located nucleus, a prominent nucleolus and dark blue cytoplasm giving rise to the appearance of bipolar staining with Giemsa. Type B occurs 12–54 hr after infection and appears to divide by simple endodyogeny and by multiple endodyogeny (endopolygeny). Type C organisms are elongate with subterminal nuclei and strongly PAS‐positive cytoplasm. They occur at 24–54 hr and divide by schizogony. Type D organisms are smaller than type C and contain only a few PAS‐positive granules. They occur from 32 hr to 15 days after inoculation and account for over 90% of all parasites in the small intestine during this time. Three subtypes divide by endodyogeny, schizogony and by splitting of their merozoites from the main nucleated mass without leaving a residual body. Type E organisms resemble one of the subtype D which divide by schizogony, but they leave a residual body. They occur from 3–15 days after inoculation. Gametocytes occur thruout the small intestine but more commonly in the ileum 3‐15 days after infection. Male gametocytes contain on an average of 12 microgametes and comprise 2–4% of the gametocyte population. The prepatent period after cystinduced infection is 3–5 days with the peak oocyst production between 5–8 days and a patent period varying from 7–20 days. Variable numbers of trophozoites are present in the lamina propria of the small intestine and in the extra‐intestinal tissues within a few hr after inoculation. After 9–10 days cysts were seen in the heart and later in the brain. The lesions of toxoplasmosis are compared in newborn and weanling kittens and in adult cats after oral and subcutaneous inoculation with cysts. After the ingestion of cysts, newborn kittens developed enteritis, hepatitis, myocarditis, myositis, pneumonitis and encephalitis and were moribund by the 9th day. Kittens aged 2 weeks and older developed enteritis, myocarditis, encephalitis and myositis but often survived; adult cats usually remained asymptomatic. After subcutaneous inoculation of cysts, newborn and weanling kittens died of acute toxoplasmosis with severe pneumonia, myocarditis, encephalitis and hepatitis.
Inhibition of T‐type Calcium Current in the Reticular Thalamic Nucleus by a Novel Neuroactive Steroid (2007)

Neurons of the nucleus reticularis of the thalamus (nRT) serve as an important inhibitory gate that controls trafficking of thalamocortical sensory signals and states of sleep, arousal, and epilepsy. T-type calcium channels in nRT play a crucial role in the subthreshold excitability of these neurons, but their modulation by neuroactive steroids has not been previously studied. Here we explored the effect of (3beta,5beta,17beta)-3-hydroxyandrostane-17-carbonitrile (3beta-OH), a novel neuroactive steroid on T-type currents recorded from nRT neurons in intact brain slices of young rats. We found in voltage-clamp experiments that 3beta-OH potently and reversibly decreased T-type Ca(2+) current amplitude and stabilized inactive states of the channels. In current-clamp experiments, 3beta-OH significantly decreased the frequency of action potential firing from negative membrane potentials and minimally changed passive membrane properties. Our results indicate that 5beta-reduced neuroactive steroids, through the mechanisms of inhibition of T-type Ca(2+) currents and diminished spike firing in nRT neurons, may be important agents in control of sensory information processing in physiological conditions and possibly pathological brain states associated with increased cellular excitability such as epilepsy and/or tissue ischemia/hypoxia.