gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Change impact analysis of object-oriented software (1998)

As the software industry has matured, we have shifted our resources from being devoted to developing new software systems to making modifications in evolving software systems. A major problem for developers in an evolutionary environment is that seemingly small changes can ripple throughout the system to cause major unintended impacts elsewhere. As such, software developers need mechanisms to understand how a change to a software system will impact the rest of the system. Although the effects of changes in object-oriented software can be restricted, they are also more subtle and more difficult to detect. Maintaining the current object-oriented systems is more of an art, similar to where we were 15 years ago with procedural systems, than an engineering skill. We are beginning to see “legacy” object-oriented systems in industry. A difficult problem is how to maintain these objects in large, complex systems. Although objects are more easily identified and packaged, features such as encapsulation, inheritance, aggregation, polymorphism and dynamic binding can make the ripple effects of object-oriented systems far more difficult to control than in procedural systems. The research presented here addresses the problems of change impact analysis for object-oriented software. Major results of this research include a set of object-oriented data dependency graphs, a set of algorithms that allow software developers to evaluate proposed changes on object-oriented software, a set of object-oriented change impact metrics to evaluate the change impact quantitatively, and a prototype tool (ChaT) to evaluate the algorithms. This research also results in efficient regression testing by helping testers decide what classes and methods need to be retested, and in supporting cost estimation and schedule planning.
Characterization of a novel Lactobacillus species closely related to Lactobacillus johnsonii using a combination of molecular and comparative genomics methods (2010)

Conventional taxonomic analyses and microarray-based CGH analysis have been used for the identification and characterization of the newly species L. taiwanensis. The microarray-based CGH technology has been shown as a remarkable tool for the identification and fine discrimination between phylogenetically close species, and additionally provided insight into the adaptation of the strain L. taiwanensis BL263 to its ecological niche.
优秀员工——瓦伦蒂诺·博尔伯尼 (2009)

“瓦伦蒂诺·博尔伯尼去年10月从首席试车手的岗位上退下来时已经在兰博基尼供职了41年，目前他仍担任着兰博基尼的形象大使。为了纪念这位传奇人物，兰博基尼用他的名字命名了一款Gallardo。”
Modelling the Medium-term Future: The Internal Consistency of a Treasury Reference Case (2010)

The Commonwealth Treasury report entitled 'Australia's Low Pollution Future', released in 2008, was controversial mainly because it proposed the introduction of a greenhouse gas emissions trading system, the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme. The present article, however, does not comment on greenhouse gas emission abatement, but considers an aspect of the Treasury report that should have been controversial but was not: the way in which the Treasury prepared the business as usual forecast on which to base its assessment of abatement policies. NIEIR builds economic models that allow the preparation of not only short-period economic forecasts, but enable further projection of these forecasts for periods of decades. In this paper, we insert the long-run projection prepared by Treasury and published in 'Australia's Low Pollution Future' into NIEIR's models and assess it for consistency. Whereas the Treasury projects that economic growth will be maintained by private market forces, NIEIR sees it as continuing only as the result of widespread and enlightened government intervention. From NIEIR's point of view, Treasury takes refuge in general equilibrium to evade its responsibilities. If it is true that strong and enlightened government interventions will be required to maintain full employment, a commitment to market forces that precludes the necessary intervention greatly increases the probability of unemployment. Treasury's gross irresponsibility in not developing a coherent and plausible reference scenario can only increase the risks that it will develop long-term adjustment policies, such as policies for greenhouse gas emission abatement, which will result in higher costs than necessary.
pai chu yi pian di lei lv hua yi pian guo tu (1999)

“排一颗雷,栽一棵树”.这是广西百色军分区某部排雷队提出的响亮口号.这不仅是口号,也是行动.向“生命禁区”与“死亡地带”挑战百色军分区所辖的靖西、那坡县,与越南及我国的云南省交界.由于昔日战争留下的阴影,在长达数
Hang analysis (2008)

Soft hang is an action that was expected to respond instantly but instead drives an application into a coma. While the application usually responds eventually, users cannot issue other requests while waiting. Such hang problems are widespread in productivity tools such as desktop applications; similar issues arise in server programs as well. Hang problems arise because the software contains blocking or time-consuming operations in graphical user interface (GUI) and other time-critical call paths that should not.
Diagnostic value of serum uric acid, C-reactive protein in acute myocardial infarction (2012)

Objective To investigate the significance of serum uric acid(UA) and C-reactive protein(CRP) in diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods The serum levels of UA,CRP and other biochemical indicators were measured in 100 cases of acute myocardial infarction(AMI)and 100 cases in control group.The serum levels of UA and CRP were detected at the first,3th and 7th day after admission of patients with AMI,whereas only one time measurement was performed in control group.Results In patients with acute myocardial infarction,the serum evels of UA,CRP,BS,TG,LDL,HDL were significantly higher than those in control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ) ; In serial measurements,the levels of CRP showed significant alterations during 7 days ( P ＜ 0.05 ),the alterations in levels of UA were not statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The levels of UA,CRP,hypertension,hyperglycosemia,high TG,high LDL and low HDL are correlated with AMI,and can be used for reference indexes in diagnosis.The changes of serum CRP has more important significance within 7 days.

Key words: 
Uric acid; C-reactive protein; Acute myocardial infarction
Microbiological Growths in Motion-Picture Processing (1976)

Algae, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and rotifers are microorganisms that occur in motion-picture processing operations. The type of organism found is dependent on the chemical composition, temperature, pH, and water content of the processing solution. Wash waters are especially susceptible to microbial contamination because of chemical carry-over, gel fragments, and dirt from the air, which serve as nutrients. The ways of preventing such growth include insuring the proper physical layout of the laboratory, using filters, housecleaning regularly, and (in some cases) using a microbicide.
Electron spectroscopy of single‐phase (Al,B)N films (2000)

In the present paper the metastable solid solubility between BN and AlN in the wurtzite structure of AlN has been investigated. Ternary Al–B–N films as well as the binaries AlN and BN have been deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering on Si(111) wafers. The composition, binding states of the components, electronic structure, crystallographic structure and texture of the films have been analysed by means of XPS, x-ray-induced Auger electron spectroscopy (XAES), electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED). Up to a BN content of 33 mol.%, all films were deposited strongly textured in the single-phase sp3-bonded wurtzite structure of AlN. At higher boron nitride contents up to 68 mol.%, the films were still sp3-bonded but the binding states differed from those of the more AlN rich films. Only a pure BN film exhibited sp2 bondings, corresponding to the stable hexagonalBN modification in graphite-like structure. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tumour characteristics and prognosis of breast cancer patients carrying the germline <i>CHEK2</i>*1100delC variant (2004)

We conclude that carrying the CHEK2*1100delC mutation is an adverse prognostic indicator for breast cancer. If independently confirmed by others, intensive surveillance, and possibly preventive measures, should be considered for newly diagnosed breast cancer cases carrying the CHEK2*1100delC variant.
Safety and Efficacy of a Metabolic Drift Live Attenuated Salmonella Gallinarum Vaccine Against Fowl Typhoid (2013)

Fowl typhoid (FT), a systemic disease that results in septicemia in poultry, is caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum (SG). Mortality and morbidity rates from FT can reach up to 80%. Attenuated live Salmonella vaccine candidates have received considerable attention because they confer solid immunity, and they can produce systemic and mucosal immunity in the gut when administered orally. In the present study, five metabolic drift (MD) mutants with a single-(designated SG-Rif1, SG-Sm6) or double-attenuating marker (designated SG-Rif1-Sm4, SG-Sm6-Rif10, and SG-Rif1-Sm10) were isolated. The relative colony sizes to wild-type strain after 24 hr at 37 C incubation were 50%, 40%, 30%, 30%, and 20%, respectively. The probability of a back mutation can almost be excluded because the reduced colony sizes were stable after at least 50 passages on culture media. The safety and immunogenicity were evaluated in susceptible 1-day-old commercial layer chickens. After oral administration of 10(8) colony-forming units (CFU), all developed MD mutants proved to be safe and did not cause death of any infected birds during 15 days postvaccination, whereas chickens receiving 10(6) CFU SG wild-type strain showed a high mortality rate (40%). Vaccination of commercial layer chicks with SG-Rif1, SG-Sm6, SG-Rif1-Sm4, and SG-Sm6-Rif10 MD mutants could protect chickens against challenge by homologous wild-type strain; however, SG-Rif1-Sm10 could not protect against challenge, indicating hyperattenuation. In conclusion, vaccination with SG MD mutant vaccine appears to be safe and offers protection against FT in chickens.
Innovative instrumentation for microarray scanning and analysis: application for characterization of oligonucleotide duplexes behavior. (2004)

Accuracy in microarray technology requires new approaches to microarray reader development. A microarray reader system (optical scanning array or OSA reader) based on automated microscopy with large field of view, high speed 3 axis scanning at multiple narrow-band spectra of excitation light has been developed. It allows fast capture of high-resolution, multi-fluorescence images and is characterized by a linear dynamic range and sensitivity comparable to commonly used photo-multiplier tube (PMT)-based laser scanner. Controlled by high performance software, the instrument can be used for scanning and quantitative analysis of any type of dry microarray. Studies implying temperature-controlled hybridization chamber containing a microarray can also be performed. This enables the registration of kinetics and melting curves. This feature is required in a wide range of on-chip chemical and enzymatic reactions including on-chip PCR amplification. We used the OSA reader for the characterization of hybridization and melting behaviour of oligonucleotide:oligonucleotide duplexes on three-dimensional Code Link slides.
Effects of Surface Coordination Chemistry on the Magnetic Properties of MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Spinel Ferrite Nanoparticles (2003)

To understand the influence of surface interactions upon the magnetic properties of magnetic nanoparticles, the surface of manganese ferrite, MnFe(2)O(4), nanoparticles have been systematically modified with a series of para-substituted benzoic acid ligands (HOOC-C(6)H(4)-R; R = H, CH(3), Cl, NO(2), OH) and substituted benzene ligands (Y-C(6)H(5), Y = COOH, SH, NH(2), OH, SO(3)H). The coercivity of magnetic nanoparticles decreases up to almost 50% upon the coordination of the ligands on the nanoparticle surface, whereas the saturation magnetization has increased. The percentage coercivity decrease of the modified nanoparticles with respect to the native nanoparticles strongly correlates with the crystal field splitting energy (CFSE) Delta evoked by the coordination ligands. The ligand inducing largest CFSE results in the strongest effect on the coercivity of magnetic nanoparticles. The change in magnetic properties of nanoparticles also correlates with the specific coordinating functional group bound onto the nanoparticle surface. The correlations suggest the decrease in spin-orbital couplings and surface anisotropy of magnetic nanoparticles due to the surface coordination. Such surface effects clearly show the dependence on the size of nanoparticles.
On random and partition testing (1998)

There have been many comparisons of random and partition testing. Proportional partition testing has been suggested as the optimum way to perform partition testing. In this paper we show that this might not be so and discuss some of the problems with previous studies. We look at the expected cost of failures as a way to evaluate the effectiveness of testing strategies and use it to compare random testing, uniform partition testing and proportional partition testing. Also, we introduce partition testing strategies that try to take the cost of failures into account and present some results on their effectiveness.
Highly Potent and Selective Ligands for a New Class H3 of Histamine Receptor (1988)

​Investigative Radiology publishes original, peer-reviewed research from clinical and basic science investigations in diagnostic imaging, focusing on magnetic resonance, computed tomography, ultrasound, digital subtraction angiography and new technologies. An additional major focus is intravenous contrast media, including clinical trials, development, and the field of theranostics. Emphasis is on early and timely publication. The journal is highly selective, with the current acceptance rate being 14% and an impact factor of 6.224. Primarily research-oriented, Investigative Radiology - due to publication of leading edge technology - includes a wide variety of papers of interest to clinical radiologists.
A Chinese characters coding scheme for computer input and internal storage (1980)

A coding scheme for inputting Chinese characters by means of a conventional keyboard has been developed. The code for each Chinese character is composed of two strings of keys, one corresponds to the spelling and the other the ideographic property of the character. Each code requires no more than seven keys (average five and a half keys) and 99.5% of the ten thousand characters in a dictionary 'XianDai HanYu CiDian' have unique codes. Each input code can be packed into 32 bits for internal representation.
Complications of chronic use of skin lightening cosmetics (2008)

Skin lightening (bleaching) cosmetics and toiletries are widely used in most African countries. The active ingredients in these cosmetic products are hydroquinone, mercury and corticosteroids. Several additives (conconctions) are used to enhance the bleaching effect. Since these products are used for long duration, on a large body surface area, and under hot humid conditions, percutaneous absorption is enhanced. The complications of these products are very serious and are sometimes fatal. Some of these complications are exogenous ochronosis, impaired wound healing and wound dehiscence, the fish odor syndrome, nephropathy, steroid addiction syndrome, predisposition to infections, a broad spectrum of cutaneous and endocrinologic complications of corticosteroids, including suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. In this era of easy travels and migration, African patients with these complications can present to physicians anywhere in the world. It is therefore critical for every practicing physician to be aware of these complications.
Health related quality of life of patients with refractory angina before and one year after enrolment onto a refractory angina program (2004)

Implementation of the national refractory angina guidelines in a prospective study of 69 consecutive CRA patients significantly improved health related quality of life status at one year.
[Possibility of shortening an aerosol immunization session with dry live plague vaccine]. (1975)

A comparative study of the 10- and 30-minute seances of the animal vaccination with the dry living plague aerozol EB vaccine demonstrated that the biological and the weight aspiration doses for a 10-minute vaccination seance constituted 96 and 89% of the dose, respectively, during a 30-minute exposure. According to the results of the passive hemagglutination test immunological shifts developing in guinea pigs after the 10- and 30-minute exposure proved to be equal. On this basis it is recommended to decrease the seance of the animal vaccination from 30 to 10 minutes.
FACT: An Open-Label Randomized Phase III Study of Fulvestrant and Anastrozole in Combination Compared With Anastrozole Alone As First-Line Therapy for Patients With Receptor-Positive Postmenopausal Breast Cancer (2012)

Fulvestrant (250 mg + LD regimen) in combination with anastrozole offered no clinical efficacy advantage over anastrozole monotherapy in this population of individuals with a relatively high proportion of previous adjuvant antiestrogen exposure.
A promising unisource thermal evaporation for <i>in situ</i> fabrication of organolead halide perovskite CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> thin film (2015)

Abstract In this work, a new method of fabricating organolead halide perovskite CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 thin film by unisource thermal evaporation was proposed, which ensured high‐quality film with composition, crystal‐structure homogeneity, full surface coverage, well‐defined grain structure, high crystalline, and reproducibility, suggesting its promising applicability for significant optimization in efficient. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epistasis: what it means, what it doesn't mean, and statistical methods to detect it in humans (2002)

Epistasis, the interaction between genes, is a topic of current interest in molecular and quantitative genetics. A large amount of research has been devoted to the detection and investigation of epistatic interactions. However, there has been much confusion in the literature over definitions and interpretations of epistasis. In this review, we provide a historical background to the study of epistatic interaction effects and point out the differences between a number of commonly used definitions of epistasis. A brief survey of some methods for detecting epistasis in humans is given. We note that the degree to which statistical tests of epistasis can elucidate underlying biological interactions may be more limited than previously assumed.
Double‐Stranded Molecules: A [6] Beltene Derivative and the Corresponding Open‐Chain Polymer (1989)

Simple heating of a dime/dienophile precursor can provide either gram-quantities of the [6] beltene derivative 1 or a ribbon-like polymer. Compound 1 is stereochemically uniform, and in the crystalline state it takes the form of flattened, double-stranded rings. The morphology of the ribbon polymer (with a polymerization degree of 24–330!) resembles a “two-dimensional coil.” R  (CH2)6.
Plurality (2008)

We present the design of Plurality, an interactive tagging system. Plurality's modular architecture allows users to automatically generate high-quality tags over Web content, as well as over archival and personal content typically beyond the reach of existing Web 2.0 social tagging systems. Three of the salient features of Plurality are: (i) its self-learning and feedback-sensitive capabilities based on a user's personalized tagging style; (ii) its leveraging of the collective intelligence of existing social tagging services; and (iii) its context-awareness for optimizing tag suggestions, e.g., based on spatial or temporal features.
Content-based Video Copy Detection using Binary Object Fingerprints (2018)

Content-based video copy detection in large-scale databases is still an open issue. One of the main reasons is that geometrical attack can easily surpass the global features of the frame while local features are inefficient in terms of compact representation and computational complexity. In this paper, we propose to use binary object fingerprints to represent video frame for improving the robustness of the video copy detection system. It is because salient object can be robustly detected using advanced convolutional neural network (CNN) based object detector. We proposed to use the well-known RetinaNet for generating object regions from the input frame and then these regions are used to generate binary fingerprints for fast copy detection in the database. This approach can maintain compact representation of video frame and high searching speed by binary fingerprint searching scheme. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can achieve about 10% higher recall rate with only sacrificing 1% prediction rate on VCDB dataset.
MAIN MODES OF ELECTROHYDRODYNAMIC SPRAYING OF LIQUIDS (1998)

The electrohydrodynamic (EHD) spraying of liquids is one of the effective methods for generation of charged aerosol. The surface of liquid subjected to an electrical stress deforms locally to an elongated jet which next detaches from the body of liquid and disintegrates into droplets. The geometrical forms of the jet and the ways it disrupts into droplets have been classified into the modes of spraying. The detailed description of main modes of EHD spraying in standard capillary-plane configuration, with high voltage excitation of the capillary is given in the paper.
Using Protege for automatic ontology instantiation (2004)

This paper gives an overview on the use of Protg in the Artequakt system, which integrated Protg with a set of natural language tools to automatically extract knowledge about artists from web documents and instantiate a given ontology. Protg was also linked to structured templates that generate documents from the knowledge fragments it maintains.
Tumor antigens recognized by immune system (2002)

Immune system recognized tumor antigens are the molecular basis for cancer immuno-therapy. The identification methods of tumor antigens have been developed in last decade, based on tumor specific T cells or antibodies, providing a large number of candidate antigens for clinical trials. In this review, the detailed classification of tumor antigens was summarized and almost all tumor antigens, which were proved to have T cell epitopes so far, were listed together with their serological reactivity. They are ready for using candidate antigens for clinical trial of tumor immunotherapy.
The Arabidopsis CURVY1 (CVY1) gene encoding a novel receptor-like protein kinase regulates cell morphogenesis, flowering time and seed production (2014)

Our results suggest that CURVY1 gene participates in several biochemical pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana including (i) cell morphogenesis regulation through actin cytoskeleton functional networks, (ii) the transition of vegetative to the reproductive stage and (iii) the production of seeds.