gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new mathematical model for a propagating Gaussian beam. (1988)

A new mathematical model for the fundamental mode of a propagating Gaussian beam is presented. The model is two-fold, consisting of a mathematical expression and a corresponding geometrical representation which interprets the expression in the light of geometrical optics. The mathematical description arises from the (0,0) order of a new family of exact, closed-form solutions to the scalar Helmholtz equation. The family consists of nonseparable functions in the oblate spheroidal coordinate system and can easily be transformed to a different set of solutions in the prolate spheroidal coordinate system, where the (0,0) order is a spherical wave. This transformation consists of two substitutions in the coordinate system parameters and represents a more general method of obtaining a Gaussian beam from a spherical wave than assuming a complex point source on axis. Further, each higher-order member of the family of solutions possesses an amplitude consisting of a finite number of higher-order terms with a zero-order term that is Gaussian. The geometrical interpretation employs the skew-line generator of a hyperboloid of one sheet as a ray-like element on a contour of constant amplitude in the Gaussian beam. The geometrical characteristics of the skew line and the consequences of treating it as a ray are explored in depth. The skew line is ultimately used to build a nonorthogonal coordinate system which allows straight-line propagation of a Gaussian beam in three-dimensional space. Highlights of the research into other methods used to model a propagating Gaussian beam--such as complex rays, complex point sources and complex argument functions--are reviewed and compared with this work.
Specific heat measurement of thin suspended SiN membrane from 8 K to 300 K using the 3ω-Völklein method (2013)

We present a specific heat measurement technique adapted to thin or very thin suspended membranes from low temperature (8 K) to 300 K. The presented device allows the measurement of the heat capacity of a 70 ng silicon nitride membrane (50 or 100 nm thick), corresponding to a heat capacity of 1.4 × 10−10 J/K at 8 K and 5.1 × 10−8 J/K at 300 K. Measurements are performed using the 3ω method coupled to the Völklein geometry. This configuration allows the measurement of both specific heat and thermal conductivity within the same experiment. A transducer (heater/thermometer) is used to create an oscillation of the heat flux on the membrane; the voltage oscillation appearing at the third harmonic which contains the thermal information is measured using a Wheatstone bridge set-up. The heat capacity measurement is performed by measuring the variation of the 3ω voltage over a wide frequency range and by fitting the experimental data using a thermal model adapted to the heat transfer across the membrane. The experimental data are compared to a regular Debye model; the specific heat exhibits features commonly seen for glasses at low temperature.
Targeted suppression of AR-V7 using PIP5K1α inhibitor overcomes enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer cells (2016)

One mechanism of resistance of prostate cancer (PCa) to enzalutamide (MDV3100) treatment is the increased expression of AR variants lacking the ligand binding-domain, the best characterized of which is AR-V7. We have previously reported that Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase alpha (PIP5Kα), is a lipid kinase that links to CDK1 and AR pathways. The discovery of PIP5Kα inhibitor highlight the potential of PIP5K1α as a drug target in PCa. In this study, we show that AR-V7 expression positively correlates with PIP5K1α in tumor specimens from PCa patients. Overexpression of AR-V7 increases PIP5K1α, promotes rapid growth of PCa in xenograft mice, whereas inhibition of PIP5K1α by its inhibitor ISA-2011B suppresses the growth and invasiveness of xenograft tumors overexpressing AR-V7. PIP5K1α is a key co-factor for both AR-V7 and AR, which are present as protein-protein complexes predominantly in the nucleus of PCa cells. In addition, PIP5K1α and CDK1 influence AR-V7 expression also through AKT-associated mechanism dependent on PTEN-status. ISA-2011B disrupts protein stabilization of AR-V7 which is dependent on PIP5K1α, leading to suppression of invasive growth of AR-V7-high tumors in xenograft mice. Our study suggests that combination of enzalutamide and PIP5K1α may have a significant impact on refining therapeutic strategies to circumvent resistance to antiandrogen therapies.
Elasticity Mapping of Pore‐Suspending Native Cell Membranes (2009)

The mechanics of cellular membranes are governed by a non-equilibrium composite framework consisting of the semiflexible filamentous cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix proteins linked to the lipid bilayer. While elasticity information of plasma membranes has mainly been obtained from whole cell analysis, techniques that allow addressing local mechanical properties of cell membranes are desirable to learn how their lipid and protein composition is reflected in the elastic behavior on local length scales. Introduced here is an approach based on basolateral membranes of polar epithelial Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) II cells, prepared on a highly ordered porous substrate that allows elastic mapping on a submicrometer-length scale. A strong correlation between the density of actin filaments and the measured membrane elasticity is found. Spatially resolved indentation experiments carried out with atomic force and fluorescence microscope permit relation of the supramolecular structure to the elasticity of cellular membranes. It is shown that the elastic response of the pore spanning cell membranes is governed by local bending modules rather than lateral tension.
One step further in large-scale evaluations: the V-DS environment (2007)

Validating current and next generation of distributed systems targeting large-scale infrastructures is a complex task. Several methodologies are possible. However, experimental evaluations on real testbeds are unavoidable in the life-cycle of a distributed middleware prototype. In particular, performing such real experiments in a rigorous way requires to benchmark developed prototypes at larger and larger scales. Fulfilling this requirement is an open challenge but is mandatory in order to fully observe and understand the behaviors of distributed systems. In this work, we present our Virtualization environment for large-scale Distributed Systems, called V-DS, as an answer for reaching scales steps further than current experimental evaluation scales. Then, through the use of V-DS, we experimentally benchmark the scalability of three P2P libraries by reaching scales commonly used for evaluations through simulations. Notably, our results on the Grid'5000 research testbed show that only one of the P2P library can optimally build overlays, whatever the size of the overlay is
CD58 Expression Decreases as Nonmalignant B Cells Mature in Bone Marrow and Is Frequently Overexpressed in Adult and Pediatric Precursor B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2005)

We used flow cytometry to determine the CD58 expression on nonmalignant B cells at different stages of maturation in the bone marrow and compared it with that of blasts in adult and pediatric precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD58 expression decreased significantly as nonmalignant B cells differentiated in the bone marrow from an early to a mature stage. Few nonneoplastic B cells at a mid or mature stage of development expressed CD58 MFI values comparable to those seen in leukemic cases. Early-stage nonneoplastic B-cell precursors expressed relatively higher CD58 levels, which frequently overlapped with the variable level of CD58 expression observed among leukemic blasts. As a group, however, the malignant precursor B-ALL cells showed significantly higher expression of CD58 than nonmalignant B-cell populations at any maturational stage. These findings support the potential usefulness of CD58 expression in the diagnosis and monitoring of precursor B-ALL, but only when blasts express high levels of CD58.
The WITNESS toolbox—a tutorial (1998)

Advanced simulation software packages can no1 longer stand alone. Simulation professionals are demanding a toolbox of advanced capabilities and add-on products to allow quick and efficient model building, einhanced graphical displays, and accelerated experimentation and optimization procedures. With the release of WITNESS Release 9, upgrades to the WITNESS VR virtual reality module and Optimize? optimization module, Number Cruncher@, and SIMplicity@’, Lanner Group offers many new options to make model building easier, make graphics more appealing, and produce statistically accurate: results quicker and with more impact. obvious any production bottlenecks, overly-idle resources, storage areas that are too small or too large and any potential issues with respect to labor availability.
Reflection angles of in-phase and split counter-rotating eigenvalues of the three-port circulator (2006)

The reflection angle of the in-phase eigenvalue and that of the reflection coefficient at port 1 of a terminated circulator are equal at a unique frequency at which the gyrotropy produces a return loss of 9.5 dB. The frequency response of the terminated circulator, beyond that value of gyrotropy, displays four such frequencies. The angles of the reflection coefficients at the inner two frequencies also coincide with the in-phase reflection angle. The two outside frequencies at which the return loss at port 1 are 9.5 dB coincide with the counter-rotating reflection angles. Below this value of gyrotropy, the angles of the reflection coefficient are equal to those of the split counter-rotating eigenvalues under these same conditions. A knowledge of the three reflection angles is both necessary and sufficient for the characterization of this class of circuit at both its midband and split frequencies.
Thermal ring closure in Mo(CO)5L (L = bpy, dmbpy, dpbpy) transients generated by pulsed laser flash photolysis. Mechanistic information from high-pressure effects (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermal ring closure in Mo(CO)5L (L = bpy, dmbpy, dpbpy) transients generated by pulsed laser flash photolysis. Mechanistic information from high-pressure effectsKedika Bal Reddy, Rudiger Hoffmann, Gabor Konya, Rudi Van Eldik, and Edward M. EyringCite this: Organometallics 1992, 11, 6, 2319–2322Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00042a059https://doi.org/10.1021/om00042a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views46Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gyromagnetic Ratio of the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>State of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Os</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>188</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1963)

The gyromagnetic ratio of the ${2}^{+}$ state of ${\mathrm{Os}}^{188}$ of 155 keV excitation was measured by observing the precession in an external magnetic field of the angular distribution of the de-excitation gamma rays following Coulomb excitation with an atomic hydrogen beam. The mean life of the ${2}^{+}$ state of ${\mathrm{Os}}^{188}$ was also measured by comparing the yield of gamma rays from this level to the yield of gamma rays from the ${2}^{+}$ state in ${\mathrm{W}}^{184}$. The mean life of the ${\mathrm{Os}}^{188}$ level was determined to be $\ensuremath{\tau}=1.05\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10$ nsec, in good agreement with recent direct measurements, and the gyromagnetic ratio was found to be $g=0.20\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02$.
Structural changes of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based microgels induced by hydrostatic pressure and temperature studied by small angle neutron scattering (2010)

We study the structural properties of microgels made of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and acrylic acid as a function of hydrostatic pressure and temperature using small angle neutron scattering. Hydrostatic pressure induces particle deswelling by changing the mixing of the microgel with the solvent, similar to temperature. We extend this analogy to the structural properties of the particles and show that the form factor at a certain temperature is equal to the form factor at a certain hydrostatic pressure. We fit the results with an existent model for the microgel structure and carefully analyze the fitting procedure in order to obtain physically meaningful values of the free parameters in the model.
Accuracy of Pedicle Screw Placement with the Assistance of Lateral Plain Radiography (1996)

To determine the accuracy of pedicle screw placement with the assistance of lateral plain radiography, a prospective study was performed between June 1991 and March 1994 on patients who had undergone pedicle screw fixation of their thoracolumbar spine for degenerative and traumatic conditions. Sixty-five of 72 patients had the appropriate imaging studies, including an intraoperative lateral plain radiograph and a post-operative computed tomography scan to evaluate pedicle screw placement. A total of 238 screws were inserted from the T11 to L5 vertebral levels. Twenty-four screws penetrated the pedicle wall (18 medial and 6 lateral) and two screws penetrated the anterior vertebral body cortex, for an overall 89.1% success rate. Only two patients had neurologic complications consistent with canal intrusion of a pedicle screw, corresponding to a 0.84% neurologic complication rate. Imaging techniques such as fluoroscopy and anteroposterior plain radiographs, which may increase the incidence of infection from prolonged operative time, are unnecessary in uncomplicated cases. Pedicle screw insertion in the thoracolumbar spine with the use of lateral plain radiography alone is safe and effective, and it minimizes operative time and expense.
Synthesis of Binary Nanopatterns on Hydrogels for Initiating Cellular Responses (2016)

We describe the synthesis of binary nanostructures consisting of PEG hydrogels decorated with arrays of AuNPs and TiO2NPs, and their orthogonal functionalization with various peptides. These ligands are able to promote or elude cell adhesion through integrins, a family of transmembrane receptors that connect cells with the extracellular matrix (ECM) or other cells. The different cell adhesion behaviors observed depending on the peptides used, proved the functionality of such binary nanopatterns, which we expect to find applications not only in tissue engineering but also in smart cell culture systems and biosensors.
Analysis of a leaky bucket control scheme in the signalling system no.7 network (1998)

Bursts of correlated messages can be sent through the SS7 network if access is available to user signalling bearer capabilities as specified in the CCITT Q.931 standard. These user-to-user correlated messages would cause an increase in the delay of background telephone traffic consisting of ISUP and TCAP which has been primarily transferred through the SS7 network. A leaky bucket (LB) controller is introduced to prevent the correlated messages from degrading the link delay performance of background telephone traffic (BTT). The main purpose of the LB controller is to give appropriate time separation between the correlated messages during which BTT messages can be sent. The authors model the system as a Markov chain and analyse the effect of time separation on the delay performance of BTT at the link transmit queue.
Role of energetic mixed-oxide-fuel-sodium thermal interactions in liquid metal fast breeder reactor safety (1976)

Based upon analysis, numerous experiments and examination of all known occurrences of large-mass vapor explosions, the following general behavior principle has emerged: Mixing of large quantities of a hot and cold liquid, a necessary condition for developing sustained pressures and large damage potential from thermal interaction, requires spontaneous nucleation upon contact. Since the contact temperature for the mixed-oxide-fuel-sodium system is well below the spontaneous-nucleation temperature for liquid sodium, the current interesting controversy regarding spontaneous nucleation and its role in the vapor-explosion mechanism itself is largely irrelevant for this system. Therefore, current practice is to use the pressure-volume curve determined by the expanding fuel vapor following a postulated hydrodynamic disassembly (which generally results from considering a number of unrealistic physical processes to occur) for safety evaluation. It follows that for reactors like FFTF and CRBR, the extremely unlikely event of a core meltdown is predicted to occur safely, with essentially no energetics involved.
Confusion between Two Forms of EDTA; Identical Name Error which Spans Three Continents; New Form and Strength (2006)

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them in your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the USP Medication Errors Reporting Program (MERP), which is presented in cooperation with the Institute for Safe Medication Practices. If you have encountered medication errors and would like to report them, you may call USP toll-free, 24 hours a day, at 800-233-7767 (800-23-ERROR). Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below. Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported through the ISMP ( www.ismp.org ) or USP ( www.usp.org ) Web sites or communicated directly to ISMP by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE or via E-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters' wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Elective Coronary Bypass Surgery Without Pulmonary Artery Catheter Monitoring (1986)

Departments of Anesthesiology, Surgery (Cardiothoracic) and Bio statistics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
Observations of Height-dependent Pressure-Perturbation Structure of a Strong Mesoscale Gravity Wave (1992)

Airborne observations using a downward-looking, dual-frequency, near-infrared, differential absorption lidar (DIAL) system provide the first measurements of the height-dependent pressure-perturbation field associated with a strong mesoscale gravity wave. A pressure-perturbation amplitude of 3.5 mb was measured within the lowest 1.6 km of the atmosphere over a 52-km flight line. Corresponding vertical displacements of 250–500 m were inferred from lidar-observed displacement of aerosol layers. Accounting for probable wave orientation, a horizontal wavelength of about 40 km was estimated. Satellite observations reveal wave structure of a comparable scale in concurrent cirrus cloud fields over an extended area. Smaller-scale waves were also observed. Local meteorological soundings are analyzed to confirm the existence of a suitable wave duct. Potential wave-generation mechanisms are examined and discussed. The large pressure-perturbation wave is attributed to rapid amplification or possible wave breaking of a gravity wave as it propagated offshore and interacted with a very stable marine boundary layer capped by a strong shear layer.
Lactogenesis in Explant Cultures of Mammary Tissue from Pregnant Cows1 (1977)

The hormonal requirements for lactogenesis were investigated using explant cultures of mammary tissue obtained from cows at 30–40 days prepartum. Hormones used were insulin, hydrocortisone, and prolactin, and parameters examined were radioactive acetate incorporation into fatty acids, secretory response ratings, and histological and ultrastructural analysis. Data indicated that insulin was essential for mammary epithelial cell survival, but insulin alone did not result in the initiation of milk synthesis. The culture of explants in a medium containing insulin plus hydrocortisone resulted in alterations in the cytology of alveolar cells but no induction of milk synthesis. Biosynthesis results and secretory response ratings indicated that the initiation ofmilk synthesis occurred when explants were cultured in insulin and prolactin; however, synthesis was limited and alveolar integrity was not well maintained. Results from all parameters demonstrated that the maximal lactogenic response was obtained when the culture medium contained insulin, hydrocortisone and prolactin. After 48 h of culture in this medium, the rate of acetate incorporationinto fatty acids had increased 3-fold and the markedly distended alveolar lumina contained many fat droplets and abundant eosinophilic staining secretion. However, an unusual amount of casein-likemicelles and especially lipid also accumulated in the alveolar cells. The accumulation of milk components within the epithelial cells may be related indirectly to the accumulation of products in the lumina or perhaps related to a difference in the hormonal requirement between the initiation ofmilk synthesis and initiation of milk secretion.
Partial scan using multi-hop state reachability analysis (2003)

Sequential test generators fail to yield tests for some stuck-at-faults because they are unable to reach certain states necessary for exciting/propagating these target faults. Adding scan to the circuit increases reachability of these hard-to-reach and/or previously unreachable states. In this paper, we postulated that fewer scan flip-flops are needed to make these states reachable. The states necessary for detecting the hard-to-detect faults, when reached, will facilitate reaching other hard-to-reach states in one or more hops by the sequential test generator, resulting in significantly higher fault coverage. We collect information on the hard-to-reach, aborted, and easy states in our analysis. Results from our approach have indicated that higher fault coverage can be achieved with significantly fewer scan flip-flops for some circuits.