gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coding for edge-facilitated wireless distributed computing with heterogeneous users (2017)

We consider the edge-facilitated wireless distributed computing with three users, each communicating with the other two users via the help of an access point (AP) only. Motivated by the idea of MapReduce-based wireless coded distributed computing (CDC) proposed by Li et al. in [1] for homogeneous systems where each user's file storage size is identical, we attempt to extend MapReduce-based CDC to heterogeneous systems where each user has arbitrary file storage size. In this paper, we provide an achievable communication load region of the uplink-downlink transmission pair by appropriately designing file placement over the users and developing coding schemes at both the users and the AP. Moreover, we provide the converse for the communication load region, by decoupling the uplink and downlink transmissions. Finally, we provide a discussion on the shape of the load region for several examples and observations.
Probing the Reaction Dynamics of Thermite Nanolaminates (2015)

Al/CuO reactive nanolaminate ignition was studied using temperature jump (T-Jump) heating for rates greater than 105 K/s. Multilayer samples were sputter deposited onto thin platinum filaments in alternating layers of Al and CuO. The filaments were resistively heated in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ToF-MS), while ignition and reaction were observed with high-speed video. A total deposited thickness of 1800 nm was maintained for all samples, while the number of bilayers was varied from 1 to 12. Increasing this value decreased the diffusion distances and increased the amount of interfacial area across which reaction could occur, while keeping the overall energy of the system constant. From 2 to 6 bilayers, the ignition temperature decreased from 1250 to 670 K and the overall reactivity increased. Past 6 bilayers, the ignition temperature only decreased slightly and there was little impact on the overall reactivity. This behavior is consistent with a mass-transport model where the predominant diffusing species exhibits a low activation energy (50 kJ/mol). Ignition temperature, which depends upon bilayer thickness, is found to be a good predictor of flame speed.
Effect of a direct-fed microbial and prebiotic on performance and intestinal histomorophology of turkey poults challenged with Salmonella and Campylobacter (2019)

Salmonella and Campylobacter are leading human foodborne pathogens commonly associated with poultry and poultry products, and several methods to control these pathogens have been applied to poultry production. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of CALSPORIN, (CSP), a direct-fed microbial (DFM), and yeast cell wall (Saccharomyces cervisiae, IMW50, a mannanoligosaccharide (MOS)-based prebiotic, on performance, levels of Salmonella and Campylobacter in the feces, and intestinal histomorphometry in turkey poults. A 21-day battery cage study was conducted using 4 dietary treatments, including: an unsupplemented basal diet (corn and soybean-based) as negative control (NC); basal diet supplemented with 0.05% DFM; basal diet supplemented with 0.05% MOS; and basal diet supplemented with 0.05% mixture of DFM and MOS at equal proportions. Female Large White turkey poults (n = 336) were randomly distributed in 6 electrically-heated battery cages with 4 treatments and 12 replicates per treatment (7 poults per replicate pen). The first 16 pens were not inoculated with bacteria, while poults in pens 17 to 32 were orally challenged at day 7 with 105 CFU Salmonella Heidelberg and the poults in pens 33 to 48 were orally challenged at day 7 with 105 CFU Campylobacter jejuni. Feed consumption, body weight, and feed conversion ratio were measured weekly and at the end of the experiment. At day 21, fresh fecal samples from each pen were collected for Salmonella and Campylobacter enumeration and ileal tissue samples were collected from 1 bird per pen for histomorphology examination. DFM and MOS supplementation was accompanied with reduced levels of Salmonella shed by the treated birds compared to the control group, and with increased body weight (P ≤ 0.05). The surface area of villi increased in the MOS-supplemented group compared to the control group (P ≤ 0.05). There was a significant difference in V:C ratio between supplemented groups and control group (P ≤ 0.05). Based on these results, there is potential for CALSPORIN and IMW50 to reduce Salmonella shedding in feces, enhance ileal mucosal health, and improve growth performance of turkey poults.
Production and examination of oxygen‐carrier materials based on manganese ores and Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> in chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling (2013)

This study concerns production of oxygen‐carrier particles using six different manganese ores. The ores were made to react with Ca(OH) 2 at elevated temperature, forming calcium manganite. The method utilized to manufacture particles was extrusion. Methane and syngas conversion and oxygen release of the samples in inert atmosphere were investigated. The oxygen carrier based on South African (B) manganese ore, showed good methane conversion and was able to transfer oxygen corresponding to 1.5% of its mass during reduction with gaseous fuel. All examined oxygen carriers were capable of converting syngas completely. The ability to release gaseous oxygen was examined by adding wood char in a stream of nitrogen for four selected samples sintered at 1300°C/6 h. These samples released an amount of oxygen corresponding to 0.37–0.68% of their mass. The reactivity of all the ores was improved after the proposed treatments. Reactivity results of the oxygen carrier made from South African (B) ore and Ca(OH) 2 , sintered at 1300°C for 6 h were the most promising. Attrition measurements with a jet cup of the oxygen carriers sintered at 1300°C/6 h showed that all the samples made from ores were at least three times more resistant to mechanical attrition compared to particles made from synthetic Mn 2 O 3 . Producing feasible oxygen carriers directly from ores could potentially cut the cost of chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling and have a significant impact on its competitiveness among other carbon capture technologies. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J 60: 645–656, 2014
An End-to-End System for Large Scale P2P MPC-as-a-Service and Low-Bandwidth MPC for Weak Participants (2018)

Protocols for secure multiparty computation enable a set of parties to compute a joint function of their inputs, while preserving privacy, correctness and more. In theory, secure computation has broad applicability and can be used to solve many of the modern concerns around utilization of data and privacy. Huge steps have been made towards this vision in the past few years, and we now have protocols that can carry out large computations extremely efficiently, especially in the setting of an honest majority. However, in practice, there are still major barriers to widely deploying secure computation, especially in a decentralized manner. In this paper, we present the first end-to-end automated system for deploying large-scale MPC protocols between end users, called MPSaaS (for MPC system-as-a-service ). Our system enables parties to pre-enroll in an upcoming MPC computation, and then participate by either running software on a VM instance (e.g., in Amazon), or by running the protocol on a mobile app, in Javascript in their browser, or even on an IoT device. Our system includes an automation system for deploying MPC protocols, an administration component for setting up an MPC computation and inviting participants, and an end-user component for running the MPC protocol in realistic end-user environments. We demonstrate our system for a specific application of running secure polls and surveys, where the secure computation is run end-to-end with each party actually running the protocol (i.e., without relying on a set of servers to run the protocol for them). This is the first such system constructed, and is a big step forward to the goal of commoditizing MPC. One of the cryptographic difficulties that arise in this type of setting is due to the fact that end users may have low bandwidth connections, making it a challenge to run an MPC protocol with high bandwidth. We therefore present a protocol based on Beerliova-Trubiniova and Hirt (TCC 2008) with many optimizations, that has very low concrete communication, and the lowest published for small fields. Our protocol is secure as long as less than a third of the parties are malicious, and is well suited for computing both arithmetic and Boolean circuits. We call our protocol HyperMPC and show that it has impressive performance. In particular, 150 parties can compute statistics---mean, standard deviation and regression---on 4,000,000 inputs (with a circuit of size 16,000,000 gates of which 6,000,000 are multiplication) in just 45 seconds, and 150 parties can compute a circuit over GF[28] (which can be used for a Boolean computation) with 1,000,000 multiplication gates and depth-20 in just 2 seconds. Although our end-to-end system can be used to run any MPC protocol (and we have incorporated numerous protocols already), we demonstrate it for our new protocol that is optimized for end-users without~high~bandwidth.
lgorithms for Single Row Routing in Narrow Streets (1995)

In this paper, the problem of obtaining an optimal layout for the Single Row Routing problem in Narrow streets (maximum number of tracks in either street is at most 2) on parallel computers is siudied. An O(1og n) time parallel algorithm with O(n/ log n) processors on a CREW PRAM and an Q(1og’n) time cost-optimal algorithm on a Dee Machine is obtained.
<i>Aspergillus flavus</i> and Aflatoxin Contamination of Leguminous Trees of the Sonoran Desert in Arizona (2001)

ABSTRACT Aspergillus spp. in section Flavi were frequently associated with desert tree legumes in uncultivated areas of the Sonoran Desert. Of 270 samples of debris and fruits of mesquite (Prosopis spp.), ironwood (Olneya tesota), acacia (Acacia spp.), and palo verde (Cercidium and Parkinsonia spp.), 87% were positive for A. flavus (S and L strains) and A. tamarii. A. flavus was the most common species (87%) among the 3,763 isolates examined. Mesquite pods were both the substrate from which A. flavus was recovered most frequently and the substrate from native habitats with the greatest aflatoxin content. In vitro, most desert legumes supported significant growth, reproduction, and aflatoxin production by A. flavus, with mesquite pods yielding 1 x 10(10) propagules/g and 5,000 mug/kg of aflatoxin B(1). Twenty percent of legume pods collected in the desert contained measurable quantities of aflatoxin, ranging from 1 to >2,500 mug/kg. Insect-damaged mesquite pods had significantly higher aflatoxin than intact pods. Legumes are apparently important reservoirs of aflatoxin-producing fungi and significant sources of aflatoxin contamination in the native Sonoran Desert habitats of Arizona.
Abstract B16: Extracellular S100A4 as an inducer of a cytokine network that mediates tumor-stroma crosstalk: Potential implications for metastases (2013)

Abstract Among soluble factors that appear to be of high importance for metastasis progression are chemokines from the S100 family. One such factor is S100A4, a small calcium binding protein linked to metastasis and poor prognosis in several cancer types. The protein is expressed in and secreted from not only tumor cells, but also various stroma cells, suggesting that S100A4 might be an important factor in the tumor microenvironment. Recently we have revealed that in vivo S100A4-positive stroma cells are tightly associated with the metastatic nodules in the brain and lungs, suggesting the role of S100A4 in facilitating metastatic growth in these microenvironments. How S100A4 executes its metastasis-promoting functions is however not fully elucidated. Here we hypothesize that the extracellular S100A4 can trigger a cytokine network that mediates the tumor-stroma crosstalk and thereby facilitates metastases progression in malignant melanoma. We have shown that extracellular S100A4 stimulates melanoma cells to secrete various cytokines and growth factors, including IL-8, IL-6, CXCL2, sICAM-1 and VEGF, molecules playing a role in cancer progression and angiogenesis in particular. Since cytokines can act in a paracrine manner, they can mediate interactions between tumor cells and stroma cells. Thus, we have shown that conditioned medium from melanoma cells treated with extracellular S100A4 modulates the angiogenic functions of endothelial cells making them more migratory and more proned to make vascular-like networks in vitro. Among factors induced by S100A4 were also pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with macrophage recruitment and/or activation. Currently we are investigating whether the S100A4-triggered cytokines modulate the properties of macrophages making them support tumor cells. Altogether, our results indicate a potential role of S100A4 in stimulating tumor-stoma crosstalk which might mimic the formation of a metastatic niche-like milieu facilitating metastases. Citation Format: Ingrid J. Bettum, Kotryna Vasiliauskaite, Solveig J. Pettersen, Gunhild M. Malandsmo, Lina Prasmickaite. Extracellular S100A4 as an inducer of a cytokine network that mediates tumor-stroma crosstalk: Potential implications for metastases. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B16.
On the Feasibility of Linear Discrete-Time Systems of the Green Scheduling Problem (2011)

Peak power consumption of buildings in large facilities like hospitals and universities becomes a big issue because peak prices are much higher than normal rates. During a power demand surge an automated power controller of a building may need to schedule ON and OFF different environment actuators such as heaters and air quality control while maintaining the state variables such as temperature or air quality of any room within comfortable ranges. The green scheduling problem asks whether a scheduling policy is possible for a system and what is the necessary and sufficient condition for systems to be feasible. In this paper we study the feasibility of the green scheduling problem for HVAC(Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning) systems which are approximated by a discrete-time model with constant increasing and decreasing rates of the state variables. We first investigate the systems consisting of two tasks and find the analytical form of the necessary and sufficient conditions for such systems to be feasible under certain assumptions. Then we present our algorithmic solution for general systems of more than 2 tasks. Given the increasing and decreasing rates of the tasks, our algorithm returns a subset of the state space such that the system is feasible if and only if the initial state is in this subset. With the knowledge of that subset, a scheduling policy can be computed on the fly as the system runs, with the flexibility to add power-saving, priority-based or fair sub-policies.
Exploring Deliberate Practice & the Use of Skill Sheets in the Collegiate Leadership Competition (2018)

Little has been written about the use of skill sheets in leadership education and this paper demonstrates how they have been implemented in one specific context. Used in a number of domains (e.g., karate, cardiopulmonary resuscitation) skill sheets are checklists or rubrics that record skill performance. The use of skill sheets in leadership learning and education is a critical step in our efforts to grow as a discipline. Founded in 2015, the Collegiate Leadership Competition has incorporated the use of skill sheets in skill development, assessment of learning, and curriculum design.
Improve artwork design through data tracking system (2011)

In personalized digital printing, such as greeting cards, calendars and photo books, people select artworks to match their photos at their preference. Art work design elements are often categorized by occasions, styles, and products. The amount of designs grows significantly, as customers demand more choices and the trends of popular designs rise and fade season by season. It is crucial to manage and understand how design elements are used in order to create most desirable productions. In this paper, we analyze and compare different design tracking systems. Art work designs are labeled, ranked, and cross referenced. For each system, we demonstrate the scale of applications, data collection techniques and its advantages and disadvantages.
Ligand-Centered Oxidation in a Diiron <i>s</i>-Indacene Complex (2000)

The reaction of 1,3,5,7 tetra-tert-butyl-s-indacene (Ic‘) with [Fe2(CO)9] gives the bimetallic complex [{Fe(CO)3}2Ic‘], 1, where the two Fe(CO)3 fragments are coordinated to the same face of the Ic‘ ligand. The cyclic voltammogram of 1 displays two quasi-reversible molecular oxidation waves and an irreversible molecular reduction wave. 1 can be chemically oxidized to its monocation with silver tetrafluoroborate. Comparison of the crystal structures of 1 and [{Fe(CO)3}2Ic‘]+[BF4]-·CH2Cl2, 2, shows little change in bond lengths on oxidation. Although, at first glance, 2 may appear to be an Fe0/FeI mixed-valence compound, Mössbauer and EPR spectroscopy suggest that that the ionized electron originates from a largely indacene-based orbital. The structural and spectroscopic features of 1 and 2 have been rationalized by density functional calculations and compared to those of related systems.
The Surgical Treatment of Far Lateral L3–L4 and L4–L5 Disc Herniations (1999)

This far lateral approach allowed the nerve and far lateral disc herniations to be easily identified. Also, there was less blood loss and no medial facetectomy or disruption of the pars interarticularis. This is a safe, effective technique with no disruption of spinal stability.
Use of a Fluidized Bed Hammer Mill for Size Reduction and Classification: Effects of Process Variables and Starting Materials on the Particle Size Distribution of Milled Lactose Batches (2003)

The process capability of a fluidized bed hammer mill was investigated with respect to four process variables, namely, rotational speeds of beater system and classifier wheel, airflow rates and length of grinding zones, as well as the particle size and flow property of the starting materials. The size distributions of all the milled lactose batches could be fitted to the Rosin Rammler distribution (RRD) function. The characteristic particle size (De) and uniform coefficient (n), which were derived from the RRD function, complemented the size at the 99th percentile of the cumulative undersize distribution (D99) to characterize the lactose batches. Lower De and D99 values indicate a finer powder while a higher n value indicates a narrower size distribution. The beater speed played a critical role. Increasing the beater speed from 12000 to 21000 rpm generally resulted in an increase in n and a decrease in D99 values due to the greater amount of milling energy supplied. The particle size and flow property of the starting material also played an important role at beater speed of 12000 rpm, where the lowest amount of milling energy was supplied. When a higher amount of milling energy was provided, the effect of particle size of the starting material was less significant. The other process variables exerted varying effects. Increasing the classifier wheel speed from 5000 to 15000 rpm decreased the De and D99 and increased the n values of the milled lactose batches, provided sufficient milling energy was supplied to the lactose particles. Changing airflow rates from 80 to 90 m3/h generally resulted in larger De and D99 values and lower n values as the higher airflow rate provided greater airflow-induced kinetic energy that facilitated the passage of lactose through the classifier wheel. However, changing the long grinding zone to a short one did not significantly affect the De, D99 and n values of the milled lactose batches produced. Small lactose particles of narrow size distribution could be obtained using the fluidized bed hammer mill upon gaining a better understanding of the milling process.
Clinical and echocardiographic features of pulmonary valve endocarditis. (1983)

We studied the clinical and echocardiographic features of eight patients with infective pulmonary valve endocarditis. In two patients, the vegetation was limited to the pulmonary valve; in the six other patients, infective lesions were also present on the mitral or aortic valves. None of the patients were addicted to narcotics. Seven of the eight patients had underlying congenital heart disease. In six patients the organism responsible for the infective endocarditis was Streptococcus viridans. Two-dimensional echocardiography performed using a wide-angle sector scanner was more useful than M-mode echocardiography for evaluating patients with pulmonary valve endocarditis.
Putting the “dynamic” back into dynamic functional connectivity (2017)

Abstract The study of fluctuations in time-resolved functional connectivity is a topic of substantial current interest. As the term “ dynamic functional connectivity” implies, such fluctuations are believed to arise from dynamics in the neuronal systems generating these signals. While considerable activity currently attends to methodological and statistical issues regarding dynamic functional connectivity, less attention has been paid toward its candidate causes. Here, we review candidate scenarios for dynamic (functional) connectivity that arise in dynamical systems with two or more subsystems; generalized synchronization, itinerancy (a form of metastability), and multistability. Each of these scenarios arise under different configurations of local dynamics and inter-system coupling: We show how they generate time series data with nonlinear and/or non-stationary multivariate statistics. The key issue is that time series generated by coupled nonlinear systems contain a richer temporal structure than matched multivariate (linear) stochastic processes. In turn, this temporal structure yields many of the phenomena proposed as important to large-scale communication and computation in the brain, such as phase-amplitude coupling, complexity and flexibility. The code for simulating these dynamics is available in a freeware software platform, the “Brain Dynamics Toolbox”.