gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
One bit higher order sigma-delta A/D converters (1990)

A topology for higher-order sigma-delta modulations is described, and synthesis equations are given which allow for the arbitrary shaping of the signal and quantization noise transfer functions. The synthesis procedure is similar to that of switched-capacitor filters and uses switched-capacitor design techniques such as dynamic-range scaling, impedance scaling, and circuit noise analysis. Placement of passband zeros for the optimization of the quantization noise transfer functions is discussed, and some results measured on a third-order test chip are presented. Simulated results on nonlinear stabilization of the loop are discussed. The need for simulating the analog front-end along with the digital filters to find the true dynamic range of the system is indicated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The loss of NM23 protein in malignant melanoma predicts lymphatic spread without affecting survival. (2001)

NM23 is considered to be a metastasis suppressor gene the role of which as prognosticator in the case of malignant skin melanoma (MM) is highly controversial due to different results on gene, and protein expressions. Accordingly, we analyzed the protein expression of NM23 in 32 primary skin melanomas with a follow-up period of 5 years minimum. We found that NM23 expression was the lowest in the thickest primary tumors (based on the % of the positive cells and the incidence of low expressor tumors) but the difference was not significant statistically due to the extreme heterogeneity of the tumors. When primary tumors were grouped according to their biological behavior (non-metastatic; lymph-node (LN) metastatic; organ and LN metastatic tumors) we observed that the lowest NM23 protein expression (based on the % of positive tumor cells as well as on the incidence of low expressor tumors) was found in the LN metastatic tumors compared to other groups (p < 0.05). The NM23 phenotype of the primary tumors remained stable in the corresponding LN metastases in the case of the 5 analyzed tumors. There was no difference in the 5-year survival between patients with low (< 50% positive cells) or high NM23 protein expressing primary tumors. Collectively, these data suggest that the NM23 protein expression in the primary tumors of MM predicted lymphatic spread but did not affect 5-year survival because it did not correlate with organ metastasis.
Towards Hybrid Optimal Control (2000)

In this article a general class of hybrid optimal control problems with continuous and discrete state variables and control inputs is defined. After a brief review of conventional optimal control, major novel challenges resulting from the hybrid nature are discussed. Some application problems are comparatively easy to solve because of the fixed or known sequence of discrete events; however, if the number and the sequence of discrete phases is not known a priori, the solution must then be found among a combinatorial number of possible sequence candidates. The article presents several preliminary approaches to the (numerical) solution of hybrid optimal control problems by hybrid dynamic programming, by decomposition using branch-and-bound, or fixing transversality conditions to obtain suboptimal solutions. The last two methods rely on the capabilities of the direct collocation method DIRCOL to solving multi-phase optimal control problems robustly and efficiently. Results obtained by the proposed methods are presented in two examples: an underactuated robotic system with a holding brake as the discrete component, and a hybrid, motorized traveling salesman problem.
Isolation of synthetic lethal mutants of ras1 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. (1997)

Ras proteins are membrane-associated guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that serve as molecular switches for signal transduction pathways in a diverse array of organisms. Various cellular factors are known to interact with Ras proteins. In order to find the novel cellular factors that are associated with Ras function, we have constructed synthetic lethal mutants of the ras1+ gene in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and used them to identify the genes that are functionally dependent on the Ras1. We first constructed S. pombe strains in which chromosomal ras1+ gene is placed under the nmt1 promoter that is regulated by thiamine. This strain shows ras1+ phenotype in the absence of thiamine, whereas it shows ras1- phenotype in the presence of thiamine. Second, we mutated the constructed strains with ultraviolet light (UV) and selected two synthetic lethal mutants that could not grow when Ras1 function was repressed (ras1-). One of the mutants, KSC3, showed a swollen cell shape, aberrant deposition of septum materials, and aberrant nuclei. The other mutant, KSC4, showed sensitivity to hyper-osmolarity when Ras1 function is absent. These mutants, however, grow normally when Ras1 is expressed (ras1+). These two novel synthetic lethal mutants of ras1 provide the means to isolate the corresponding genes that function in association with Ras1 in S. pombe. Screening of a genomic library of S. pombe complementing the mutant phenotype allowed us to identify several novel genes associated with Ras1 of S. pombe.
On the Performance of Certain Multiprocessor Computer Organizations (1975)

Analytic models are developed to evaluate the performance of a multiprocessor computer system. Markov chain techniques are used to model memory conflicts when the memory is modularized. The instruction execution rate (IER) is chosen as the measure of performance. The performance is studied with different storage allocations for instructions and data and with interleaving in the instruction space.
Briefs-Catalyst Activity under Continuous Replacement (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTS Andersen and R MatthiasCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1954, 46, 6, 63Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1954Publication History Published online6 October 2008Published inissue 1 June 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50534a612https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50534a612research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views13Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Vitamin B12 supplementation during pregnancy and postpartum increases maternal plasma anti‐influenza IgA and ameliorates infant’s plasma AGP response (392.8) (2014)

There is no information about effects of vitamin B12 supplementation during pregnancy and postpartum on immune function in mothers and their offspring. Women (n=66, 18‐35 y, Hb <115 g/L, 11‐14 wk pregnant) were randomized to receive 250 μg B12/d or a placebo through 4 mo postpartum. Both groups also received 400 μg folic acid + 60 mg Fe. Women were immunized with HINI vaccine at 26‐28 wk gestation. Vitamin B12, HINI‐specific IgG and IgA antibody responses in plasma, and IgA responses in colostrum/breast milk; acute phase response proteins, High sensitivity C‐reactive protein (HsCRP) and acid glycoprotein (AGP) were analyzed in plasma. At baseline, 26% of women were B12 deficient, and 39% had marginal status. Supplementation led to B12 adequate status in 94% mothers. In both groups combined, cord plasma H1N1 IgG was correlated with maternal (r=0.25, p=0.04) and infant (r=0.41, p=0.001) H1N1 IgG at 4 mo. Pre and post immunization H1N1‐specific maternal plasma IgG were similar in both groups. Supplementation significantly increased geometric mean titers of H1N1‐specific IgA in mothers at 4 mo postpartum compared to placebo group (p=0.03). Maternal supplementation reduced plasma AGP concentrations in infants at 4 mo compared to placebo group (0.75 vs. 0.62 g/L; p=0.05). Supplementation of 250 μg B12/d through pregnancy and lactation improved humoral immune function in response to antenatal influenza immunization, and reduced acute phase response. Grant Funding Source : Nestle Foundation
Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Is Phosphorylatable by c-Src, Binds Src-Src homology 2 Domain, and Exhibits Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-based Activation Motif-like Properties (1997)

Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) is 130-kDa member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily that localizes to cell-cell borders of confluent endothelial cells and has been shown to play a role in the control of endothelial sheet migration and leukocyte transmigration through the endothelium. The cytoplasmic tail plays an important role in the modulation of PECAM-1 function. Mutation of tyrosine 663 or 686 in the cytoplasmic tail reduces phosphorylation and mutation of 686 is associated with a reduction in PECAM-1-mediated inhibition of cell migration (1). We have previously noted that these two tyrosine residues are surrounded by consensus sequences for Src homology 2 (SH2) domain binding (1, 2), and the experiments presented explore the potential for PECAM-1-Src and PECAM-1-SH2 domain interactions. PECAM-1 is more highly phosphorylated in endothelial cells overexpressing c-Src, and in in vitro kinase assays, c-Src can phosphorylate a glutathione S-transferase (GST)-PECAM cytoplasmic tail fusion protein. The phosphorylated fusion protein associates with the bead-bound c-Src. This association appears to be mediated by Src-SH2 domain, because PECAM-1 can be precipitated by a GST-Src-SH2 affinity matrix. The binding to the GST-Src-SH2 affinity matrix correlates directly with the level of PECAM-1 phosphorylation, because more PECAM-1 is precipitated from c-Src overexpressors and from wild-type rather than Tyr663 --> Phe and Tyr686 --> Phe mutant PECAM-1 expressors. Yet unidentified phosphoproteins can also be coimmunoprecipitated with wild-type but not mutant PECAM-1. Finally, we note the similarity of the PECAM-1 cytoplasmic domain sequence to the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif. Our data begin to delineate how tyrosines 663 and 686 may play a role in mediating PECAM-1 signal transduction.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles with SF5‐Containing Substituents. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed β‐Arylation of Modified Vinyl Ethers (III) with Aryl Triflates. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Numerical Investigation of Influence of Temperature on Propagation of Ultrasonic Waves in Waveguides with Mode Conversion (2012)

In the case of the objects with a high temperature the measurements are often performed using waveguides in order to protect the ultrasonic piezoelectric transducers from a high temperature. In some cases, for measurement of specific properties of materials, shear waves are used. Shear waves can be generated exploiting mode conversion phenomenon using a longitudinal wave transducer and a waveguide with deflected front surface. However, the deflection angle has to be carefully selected, when it is required that the shear waves would propagate parallel to the waveguide axis. The proper deflection angle depends on material used for the waveguide properties. When the temperature changes, the properties of the material (as ultrasonic velocity) change as well, causing the change of the reflection angle and the propagation path. A numerical investigation was performed in order to evaluate how the change of the temperature will influence the reflection angle of the ultrasonic waves and the propagation path. It is shown that the change of the temperature influences the reflection angle and propagation path of ultrasonic waves and should be taken into account.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.18.10.2537
VAPOR PRESSURE AND SOLID—VAPOR EQUILIBRIUM OF CdSe (Cadmium Selenide) (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVAPOR PRESSURE AND SOLID—VAPOR EQUILIBRIUM OF CdSe (Cadmium Selenide)G. A. SomorjaiCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1961, 65, 6, 1059–1061Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100824a511https://doi.org/10.1021/j100824a511research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views190Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Longitudinal study of cardiac electrical activity in anesthetized guinea pigs by contactless magnetocardiography (2007)

Guinea pigs (GPs) are used for preclinical evaluation of electrophysiologic effects of new drugs, because their myocytes have human-like action potentials and ventricular repolarization's (VR) ion currents. This study was aimed to assess the reliability of magnetocardiographic (MCG) mapping for longitudinal studies of GP cardiac electrical activity. Eighteen anesthetized GPs were investigated with an unshielded 36-channel MCG instrumentation, at the age of 5 months (268.1 +/- 19 g). Twelve GPs survived and were restudied when 14 months old (595.6 +/- 90.5 g). RR, PR, QRS, QT(peak), QT(end), JT(peak), JT(end) and T(peak-end) intervals were measured from MCG waveforms. Magnetic field (MF) maps, equivalent current dipole (ECD) parameters and current density imaging were also analyzed. A significant prolongation of the PR (p < 0.05) and QRS (p < 0.001) intervals was found at 14 months. Gender-related differences of VR intervals were not significant. P(peak) and QRS(peak) MFs were similar in all animals, while T(peak) MF varied interindividually at 5 months and showed a rotation in some animals, at 14 months. The ECD strengths, measured at the P(peak), QRS(peak) and T(peak) were stronger (p < 0.01) at the age of 14 months than at 5 months. In contrast to findings in Wistar rats, age-related and gender-related differences of MCG VR parameters were not significant in GPs. Further work is necessary to clarify the variability of VR MF observed in healthy GPs.
Identification of Polo-like kinases as potential novel drug targets for influenza A virus (2017)

In recent years genome-wide RNAi screens have revealed hundreds of cellular factors required for influenza virus infections in human cells. The long-term goal is to establish some of them as drug targets for the development of the next generation of antivirals against influenza. We found that several members of the polo-like kinases (PLK), a family of serine/threonine kinases with well-known roles in cell cycle regulation, were identified as hits in four different RNAi screens and we therefore studied their potential as drug target for influenza. We show that knockdown of PLK1, PLK3, and PLK4, as well as inhibition of PLK kinase activity by four different compounds, leads to reduced influenza virus replication, and we map the requirement of PLK activity to early stages of the viral replication cycle. We also tested the impact of the PLK inhibitor BI2536 on influenza virus replication in a human lung tissue culture model and observed strong inhibition of virus replication with no measurable toxicity. This study establishes the PLKs as potential drug targets for influenza and contributes to a more detailed understanding of the intricate interactions between influenza viruses and their host cells.
Identification of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 in the rodent retina (2004)

This study has identified ACE2 gene and catalytically active protein in the rodent retina. In diabetes, the major changes were a decrease in ACE but an increase in ACE2 enzymatic activity. The ACE inhibitor ramipril did not reduce ACE2 enzymatic activity.
Asymmetrische Michael‐Additionen. Stereoselektive Alkylierungen des (<i>R</i>)‐ und (<i>S</i>)‐Enamins aus Cyclohexanon und 2‐(Methoxymethyl)pyrrolidin durch α‐(Methoxycarbonyl)zimtsäure‐methylester (1983)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung von (2 S )‐1‐(1‐Cyclohexen‐1‐yl)‐2‐(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidin (( S )‐ 1 . Enamin aus Cyclohexanon und 2‐(Methoxymethyl)pyrrolidin) mit Knoevenagel‐Estern 4 aus aromatischen Aldehyden erhält man über 90% diastereomerenreine (ds) und über 80% optisch reine (ee) Michael‐Addukte ( 1 + 4 → → 5 ). Die relative und absolute Konfiguration dieser Produkte 5 wurde durch chemische Korrelation ( 5b → 7 → 10 → 11 und 13 → 3 ) sowie in Analogie zu anderen Michael‐Additionen von Cyclohexanon‐Enaminen als (1′ S , 1″ S )‐ 5 abgeleitet. Es wird ein Mechanismus für den stereochemischen Verlauf vorgeschlagen (siehe 14 → 5 und 18 ).
Formation of Percolated Structure During Solvent Casting of Polymer Blend-solvent Systems. (1993)

The development of phase separation in ternary systems composed of polybutadiene-poly(styrene-co-butadiene)-good solvent was studied by time-resolved light-scattering during the solvent casting process. Double percolated structures with two different periodic distances were observed for the thick film. The structure with the smaller periodic distance was formed at the surface of films and the larger one was formed inside the film. It was found that the periodic distance for the larger percolated structure was proportional to (tP – tS)0.6, where (tP – tS) is the lapse of the time from the start of phase separation to fixation of the structure. The time dependence of the wave number, qm, at which the light-scattering intensity reaches maximum, was correlated by a similar relationship. The intensity of light scattering at qm was proportional to qm3.3 irrespective of the solvent-casting conditions. The development of the percolated structure was qualitatively interpreted by numerical analysis of an equation describing spinodal decomposition and an equation expressing the time dependence of the polymer concentration in the cast solution.
Optimal control of a collection of parametric oscillators (2013)

The problem of effectively adiabatic control of a collection of classical harmonic oscillators sharing the same time-dependent frequency is analyzed. The phase differences between the oscillators remain fixed during the process. This fact leads us to adopt the coordinates: energy, Lagrangian, and correlation, which have proved useful in a quantum description and which have the advantage of treating both the classical and quantum problem in one unified framework. A representation theorem showing that two classical oscillators can represent an arbitrary collection of classical or quantum oscillators is proved. An invariant, the Casimir companion, consisting of a combination of our coordinates, is the key to determining the minimum reachable energy. We present a condition for two states to be connectable using one-jump controls and enumerate all possible switchings for one-jump effectively adiabatic controls connecting any initial state to any reachable final state. Examples are discussed. One important consequence is that an initially microcanonical ensemble of oscillators will be transformed into another microcanonical ensemble by effectively adiabatic control. Likewise, a canonical ensemble becomes another canonical ensemble.
Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Study of Naphthylethylcarbamoylated .beta.-Cyclodextrins (1995)

Regiospecifically monosubstituted 1-(1-naphthyl)ethylcarbamoylated beta-cyclodextrins (NEC-beta-CDs) were successfully employed as chiral additives in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) to achieve chiral separation of N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)phenylglycine (3,5-DNB-PG), phenylalanine (3,5-DNB-PA), and homophenylalanine (3,5-DNB-HPA). The enantioselectivity of the various site-substituted NEC-beta-CDs in CZE was compared with that of native beta-CD. Complexation constants of the three 3,5-DNB amino acids with beta-CD were determined from the CZE results: 3,5-DNB-L-HPA, 473 +/- 9 M-1; 3,5-DNB-D-HPA, 460 +/- 10 M-1; 3,5-DNB-L-PA, 260 +/- 4 M-1; 3,5-DNB-D-PA, 161 +/- 3 M-1; and 3,5-DNB-D, L-PG, 43 +/- 4 M-1.
Generalized aeroservoelastic stability analysis of rotorcraft (2015)

L'aeroservoelasticita dei velivoli ad ala rotante e inerentemente multidisciplinare,
in quanto include l'aerodinamica di corpi affusolati, la dinamica di strutture flessibili e sistemi di controllo del volo.
Le branche dell'ingegneria che sono interessate mostrano una varieta di modelli
con caratteristiche diverse in termini di presenza o meno di linearita e dipendenza dal tempo.
Di conseguenza, la necessita di raffinare il progetto di velivoli ad ala rotante
richiede la generalizzazione dell'analisi, per poterla applicare a sistemi con diverso livello di complessita. Ispirato da questi requisiti, il nostro lavoro presenta metodi per la generalizzazione dell'analisi di stabilita aeroservoelastica dei velivoli ad ala rotante.
Viene formulato uno strumento per l'aeroelasticita dei rotori per lo studio
di problemi linearizzati a matrice periodica.
Un'adeguata capacita di modellazione e raggiunta mediante la dinamica strutturale
di pale rotanti flessibili, integrate da elementi quali cerniere, aste e smorzatori,
aerodinamica stazionaria e perturbativa, il tutto formulato mediante coordinate multipala.
La formulazione dell'aeroelasticita del rotore e integrata in una piattaforma di analisi aeroservoelastica in grado di gestire l'analisi di velivoli ad ala rotante in forma modulare.
La capacita di analisi quantitativa della stabilita e estesa dall'analisi agli autovalori di sistemi lineari tempo-invarianti all'analisi di sistemi lineari tempo-periodici mediante il metodo di Floquet, e all'analisi di sistemi nonlineari non-autonomi mediante gli Esponenti Caratteristici di Lyapunov.
Anche la sensitivita degli indicatori di stabilita e importante nello studio della robustezza e nel progetto di sistemi dinamici.
Per questo motivo, lo studio della sensitivita ai parametri degli indicatori quantitativi della stabilita e stato formulato analiticamente.
Questi metodi sono verificati ed illustrati mediante applicazione a problemi caratteristici di velivoli ad ala rotante.