gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P4‐239: ASSOCIATION OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE GENETIC RISK VARIANTS WITH PATHOLOGY ENDOPHENOTYPES (2018)

In recent years, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several genetic variants associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, little is known about how and if these risk variants modulate the severity of AD pathology. To address this question, we first aimed to test the association of known AD genetic risk variants with AD disease burden and severity of comorbid pathologies in a cohort of autopsy confirmed AD cases, and second to perform a GWAS analysis on our pathology endophenotypes. An autopsy cohort of 207 cases with moderate to severe AD pathology from the University of Pittsburgh ADRC was included. Quantitative immunohistochemical analyses using whole slide scanning and digital area fraction measurements were performed in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for beta-amyloid and p-Tau burden, microglial density using Iba1 and microglial activation using HLA-DR antibodies. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy was rated as none, mild, moderate or severe. For alpha-synuclein and pTDP-43 pathologies, staging systems were used based on extent and distribution of pathologic inclusions in standardized sections. Genotype information was obtained using Illumina Omni1-quad SNP arrays. All pre-defined AD risk genes showed nominally significant associations with at least one but often several of the pathology endophenotypes, with several of the associations remaining significant after correction for multiple comparisons. HLA-DR area fraction was strongly associated with multiple SNPs in the HLA-DRB1 gene region at genome-wide significance level (p=1.86E-14), with minor allele homozygotes showing the highest protein expression. GWAS analysis for pathology endophenotypes revealed a genome-wide significant signal in SCYL3 for severity of TDP-43 pathology (p=3.61E-08). For all pathology endophenotypes, several additional candidate markers at suggestive significance levels of p<1E-05 were identified. Amyloid and tau burden and comorbid pathologies are variably associated with AD risk genotypes, with many AD risk genes affecting multiple pathologies, suggesting that these genes not only increase AD risk but also modulate disease burden. The findings from this study increase our understanding of how AD risk genes affect AD pathogenesis.
Influence of earphone-cushion center-hole diameter on the acoustic output of audiometric earphones (1979)

Although the dimensions of the MX-41/AR earphone cushion are specified in ANSI S3.6--1969, nonstandard MX--41/AR cushions are still found on some audiometers. Variations in the diameter of the cushion's center hole are shown to affect the coupler calibration of the earphone and also hearing threshold measurements at high audiometric frequencies.
Discontinuation of Growth Hormone (GH) Treatment: Metabolic Effects in GH-Deficient and GH-Sufficient Adolescent Patients Compared with Control Subjects1 (1999)

The need for continuing GH replacement in patients with childhood-onset GH deficiency continuing into adulthood has been recognized. The metabolic consequences of discontinuing GH in adolescent patients with childhood-onset GH deficiency and short stature were examined over a period of 2 yr. Forty adolescents (aged 16-21 yr) receiving GH treatment for more than 3 yr and 16 closely matched healthy controls were studied. After a baseline visit, GH treatment was discontinued. The patients were then examined with the same protocol once a year for 2 yr. Twenty-one patients had severe GH deficiency (GHD) into adulthood, whereas 19 patients were regarded as having sufficient endogenous GH secretion (GHS). After 2 yr without GH treatment, the serum insulin-like growth factor I level was lower in GHD than in both GHS and control subjects. Both before and 2 yr after GH treatment was discontinued, serum concentrations of total cholesterol (C), low density lipoprotein C, and apolipoprotein B were higher in the GHD than in both GHS and control subjects. Serum concentrations of high density lipoprotein C decreased in the GHD group and increased in the other 2 study groups. The amount of total body and abdominal fat mass throughout the study and the increment in these masses were more marked in the GHD than in the GHS and control subjects when GH treatment was discontinued. The discontinuation of GH therapy in adolescents with severe GHD continuing into adulthood results over a period of 2 yr in the accumulation of important cardiovascular risk factors that are associated with GHD in adults.
A Cab Suspension for Transcontinental Operation (1978)

Designs were formulated for a heavy duty truck having a sophisticated cab suspension system adaptable to the special conditions of transeuropean operation. The design and development of the Ford Transcontinental cab suspension, and the resulting ride performance, are described, as well as the unique hydraulic cab tilt system. The cab suspension complies with European safety standards; including the exceptionally strict Swedish regulations.
Analysis of the strut and feed blockage effects in radio telescopes with compact UWB feeds (2012)

The international radio astronomy community is currently pursuing the development of a giant radio telescope known as the Square Kilometre Array (SKA). The SKA reference design consists of several wideband antenna technologies, including reflector antennas fed with novel multi-beam Phased Array Feeds (PAF) and/or wide band Single Pixel Feeds (SPFs) that can operate at frequencies from 1 to 10 GHz. The baseline of this design represents an array of several hundred to a few thousand reflector antennas of 15-m diameter and that will realize sensitivity of 10,000 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /K. During the past years, several different reflector and feed concepts have been proposed and examined, but only a small number of these design options (that have a sufficient level of maturity) will be built and tested in a set-up that is closely resembling the final SKA system. These tests are aimed to evaluate the overall system performance as well as construction and operational costs. The final choices for the dish and feed evaluation tests might include: (i) off-set Gregorian and axi-symmetric reflector antennas and; (ii) an optimized octave corrugated horn and the single-pixel wideband feeds such as quad-ridged horn and Eleven antenna.
E44 D IREC3'C CC~ IV QITI~ JN IMGC 3 F 1N~ S CA LE IUUDE L Tt3 DYNAMIC "DATA BY C~VI8 I1~II~G GRL ~UAL DEFt~R~M ATIO (2002)

Abstrac t Updating reservoir models through dynamic data integration requires the solution of an inverse problem that may be computationally intensive for multi-million cells geological models . History matching is commonly performed using upscaled flow simulation models without updating the original fine grid geological model . In this way, the drawback is that the consistency with the geostatistical parameters is no Jonger ensured . In this paper, we present a new methodology to directly update fine scale geostatistically-based facies models by combining the gradual deformation method for the fine scale model parameterization and numerical upscaling techniques for the coarse scale flow simulation model . Gradual deformation ensures the preservation of the overall geostatistical properties of the fine scale model while upscaling is used as a mandatory step to speed up the simulation proces . We used the gradient method to compute the sensitivity coefficients of the flow simulation results with respect to the coefficients of the gradual deformation . This method requires the
Complications of Ankle Fracture in Patients With Diabetes (2008)

Ankle fractures in patients with diabetes mellitus have long been recognized as a challenge to practicing clinicians. Complications of impaired wound healing, infection, malunion, delayed union, nonunion, and Charcot arthropathy are prevalent in this patient population. Controversy exists as to whether diabetic ankle fractures are best treated noninvasively or by open reduction and internal fixation. Patients with diabetes are at significant risk for soft-tissue complications. In addition, diabetic ankle fractures heal, but significant delays in bone healing exist. Also, Charcot ankle arthropathy occurs more commonly in patients who were initially undiagnosed and had a delay in immobilization and in patients treated nonsurgically for displaced ankle fractures. Several techniques have been described to minimize complications associated with diabetic ankle fractures (eg, rigid external fixation, use of Kirschner wires or Steinmann pins to increase rigidity). Regardless of the specifics of treatment, adherence to the basic principles of preoperative planning, meticulous soft-tissue management, and attention to stable, rigid fixation with prolonged, protected immobilization are paramount in minimizing problems and yielding good functional outcomes.
Approximate Solution for Electrical Networks When These are Highly Oscillatory (1928)

The general solution to the slightly damped network is expressed in terms of the undamped solution by means of series expansions. The first part of the paper gives a method for evaluating the complex roots of the determinantal equation, and the second part shows how the expansions of the first part may be correlated with the Heaviside formula to form the complete approximate solution. An example illustrates the application to a simple network.
Butoxychlorosilanes...Hydrolysis and Condensation (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTButoxychlorosilanes...Hydrolysis and CondensationR. IlerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1947, 39, 11, 1384–1388Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1947Publication History Published online2 February 2005Published inissue 1 November 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50455a604https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50455a604research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views56Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Rapid localization of carbon 14-labeled molecules in biological samples by ion mass microscopy. (1989)

We report here on the ability of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to provide rapid imaging of the intracellular distribution of 14C-labeled molecules. The validity of this method, using mass discrimination of carbon 14 atoms, was assessed by imaging the distribution of two molecules of well-known metabolism, [14C]-thymidine and [14C]-uridine, incorporated by human fibroblasts in culture. As expected, 14C ion images showed the presence of [14C]-thymidine in the nucleus of dividing cells, whereas [14C]-uridine was present in the cytoplasm as well as the nucleus of all cells, with a large concentration in the nucleoli. The time required to obtain the distribution images with the SMI 300 microscope was less than 6 min, whereas microautoradiography, the classical method for mapping the tissue distribution of 14C-labeled molecules, usually requires exposure times of several months. Secondary ion mass spectrometry using in situ mass discrimination is proposed here as a very sensitive method which permits rapid imaging of the subcellular distribution of molecules labeled with carbon 14.
Specific immunity to influenza virus in ferret organ cultures. (1978)

Ferret tracheal organ cultures prepared from animals previously infected intranasally with influenza A virus required approximately 130 times more homologous virus (A/PR/8/34(HON1) or A/Port Chalmers/1/73 (H3N2)) to become infected in vitro than similar cultures from normal ferrets. Also, these cultures from convalescent ferrets required 9 times more heterologous virus (A/PR/8/34(HON1) or Sendai) to become infected in vitro than similar cultures from normal animals challenged in vitro with the hererologous virus. We conclude that these tracheal rings are specifically immune. Once tracheal rings are infected, they continue to shed viruses for at least 60 days, the longest period any cultures were kept. Virus sheeding in the intact ferret lasts normally 5-7 days. Thus recovery in the intact ferret seems to be dependent upon factors which are not present, or at least not functional, in the tracheal explant. This is consistent with the hypothesis that recovery is dependent upon systemic rather than local phenomena. Bladder tissue from normal and previously infected ferrets was also cultured and challenged with homologous and heterologous virus. The bladder from previously infected ferrets exhibited specific immunity, although the immunity was more varible.
A Simplified Model to Estimate the Concentration of Inorganic Ions and Heavy Metals in Rivers (2016)

This paper presents a model that uses only pH, alkalinity, and temperature to estimate the concentrations of major ions in rivers (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, HCO3−, SO42−, Cl−, and NO3−) together with the equilibrium concentrations of minor ions and heavy metals (Fe3+, Mn2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Al3+, Pb2+, and Zn2+). Mining operations have been increasing, which has led to changes in the pollution loads to receiving water systems, meanwhile most developing countries cannot afford water quality monitoring. A possible solution is to implement less resource-demanding monitoring programs, supported by mathematical models that minimize the required sampling and analysis, while still being able to detect water quality changes, thereby allowing implementation of measures to protect the water resources. The present model was developed using existing theories for: (i) carbonate equilibrium; (ii) total alkalinity; (iii) statistics of major ions; (iv) solubility of minerals; and (v) conductivity of salts in water. The model includes two options to estimate the concentrations of major ions: (1) a generalized method, which employs standard values from a world-wide data base; and (2) a customized method, which requires specific baseline data for the river of interest. The model was tested using data from four monitoring stations in Swedish rivers with satisfactory results.
The <i>hexA</i> gene of <i>Erwinia carotovora</i> encodes a LysR homologue and regulates motility and the expression of multiple virulence determinants (1998)

We have identified a gene important for the regulation of exoenzyme virulence factor synthesis in the plant pathogen Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora (Ecc) and virulence and motility in Erwinia carotovora ssp. atroseptica (Eca). This gene, hexA (hyperproduction of exoenzymes), is a close relative of the Erwinia chrysanthemi (Echr) gene pecT and encodes a member of the LysR family of transcriptional regulators. hexA mutants in both Ecc and Eca produce abnormally high levels of the exoenzyme virulence factors pectate lyase, cellulase and protease. In addition, Eca hexA mutants show increased expression of the fliA and fliC genes and hypermotility. Consistent with a role as a global regulator, expression of hexA from even a low-copy plasmid can suppress exoenzyme production in Ecc and Eca and motility in Eca. Production of the quorum-sensing pheromone OHHL in Ecc hexA is higher throughout the growth curve compared with the wild-type strain. Overexpression of Ecc hexA also caused widespread effects in several strains of the opportunistic human pathogen, Serratia. Low-copy hexA expression resulted in repression of exoenzyme, pigment and antibiotic production and repression of the spreading phenotype. Finally, mutations in hexA were shown to increase Ecc or Eca virulence in planta.
Sleep Deprivation Does Not Mimic Alcohol Intoxication on Field Sobriety Testing* (2011)

Previous research shows that sleep deprivation (SD) produces cognitive impairment similar to that caused by alcohol intoxication. Individual studies suggest that SD also causes deficits in motor skills that could be mistaken for intoxication. Consequently, SD often is used as a defense when an impaired driver is charged with driving while intoxicated. Twenty-nine adult subjects participated in two test sessions each, one after a full night's rest and the other after wakefulness of at least 24 h. Subjects consumed prescribed amounts of alcohol during each session. Law enforcement officers conducted field sobriety tests identical to those with which a driver would be assessed at roadside. Researchers also measured clinical responses of visual function and vital signs. The presence and number of validated impairment clues increase with increasing blood alcohol concentration but not with SD. Thus, SD does not affect motor skills in a manner that would lead an officer to conclude that the suspect is intoxicated, unless intoxication also is present.
Genetic Susceptibility to Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Dark Corner in Vascular Biology (2007)

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is characterized by reduced blood flow to the limbs, usually as a consequence of atherosclerosis, and affects approximately 12 million Americans. It is a common cause of cardiovascular morbidity and an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality. Similar to other atherosclerotic diseases, such as coronary artery disease, PAD is the result of the complex interplay between injurious environmental stimuli and genetic predisposing factors of the host. Genetic susceptibility to PAD is likely contributed by sequence variants in multiple genes, each with modest effects. Although many of these variants probably alter susceptibility both to PAD and to coronary artery disease, it is likely that there exists a set of variants specifically to alter susceptibility to PAD. Despite the prevalence of PAD and its high societal burden, relatively little is known about such genetic variants. This review summarizes our limited present knowledge and gives an overview of recent, more powerful approaches to elucidating the genetic basis of PAD. We discuss the advantages and limitations of genetic studies and highlight the need for collaborative networks of PAD investigators for shedding light on this dark corner of vascular biology.
Prevalence of Anti-mycolic Acid Antibodies in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis Co-infected with HIV (2002)

Isolation and purification of mycolic acids from Mycobacterium tuberculosis have allowed them to be applied as antigen in an ELISA-based assay to detect specific antibodies in human sera. Tuberculosis patients have previously been shown to contain antimycolic acids antibodies. The aim of this study was to determine whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection increases false-negative testing rate and whether other random diseases for which hospitalisation is normally required will contribute to false-positive results. Sera from 118 human subjects were tested for the presence of antibodies to mycolic acids; 59 were patients with proven pulmonary tuberculosis and 59 were control hospitalised patients without evidence of tuberculosis. Each group consisted of HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative subjects. The endpoint was the detection of specific antibodies to mycolic acids in the sera, before and after precipitation of immune complexes. The two groups of subjects were well matched for age, gender, race and HIV status. On average, humans infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis showed a specific antibody response to mycolic acids that was not affected by low CD4 T-lymphocyte counts in HIV-seropositive patients but was compromised by various other serious diseases.
T Cell–Derived IL-17 Mediates Epithelial Changes in the Airway and Drives Pulmonary Neutrophilia (2013)

Th17 cells are a proinflammatory subset of effector T cells that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma. Their production of the cytokine IL-17 is known to induce local recruitment of neutrophils, but the direct impact of IL-17 on the lung epithelium is poorly understood. In this study, we describe a novel mouse model of spontaneous IL-17-driven lung inflammation that exhibits many similarities to asthma in humans. We have found that STAT3 hyperactivity in T lymphocytes causes an expansion of Th17 cells, which home preferentially to the lungs. IL-17 secretion then leads to neutrophil infiltration and lung epithelial changes, in turn leading to a chronic inflammatory state with increased mucus production and decreased lung function. We used this model to investigate the effects of IL-17 activity on airway epithelium and identified CXCL5 and MIP-2 as important factors in neutrophil recruitment. The neutralization of IL-17 greatly reduces pulmonary neutrophilia, underscoring a key role for IL-17 in promoting chronic airway inflammation. These findings emphasize the role of IL-17 in mediating neutrophil-driven pulmonary inflammation and highlight a new mouse model that may be used for the development of novel therapies targeting Th17 cells in asthma and other chronic pulmonary diseases.
Design of an Inspection Class Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (2003)

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) have become ever more common in ocean science, military, and industrial applications. In particular, AUVs are becoming a significant option for undersea search and survey. Bottom following, tight turning radius, stability, and elimination of tow cables make AUVs appealing in this role. Recent commercial success has proven that AUVs can be competitive survey platforms. While AUVs that perform surveys have become more common and capable, there are few designed for close inspection tasks. These missions call for an AUV that can move slowly, on the order of 10-15 cm/sec, maneuver equally well in all three dimensions, and maintain a very stable orientation over the seafloor, usually for imaging and production of photo mosaics. The range and endurance requirements of an inspection class AUV are expected to be small compared to an AUV designed to survey large areas. The MIT AUV Lab is actively investigating the design of a new type of underwater vehicle, known as an Inspection Class AUV, for missions such as marine archaeology and fisheries habitat studies. Two new designs have been created, both of which are radical evolutions of existing Odyssey class vehicles. One design takes the proven subcomponents of the Odyssey II, namely the pressure spheres, sensors and actuators, and transfers them to an entirely new mechanical framework. The other design capitalizes on the modular nature of the Odyssey III vehicles and adds new modules that allow an Odyssey III to perform inspection tasks. This paper discusses the details of these new designs, their anticipated performance specifications and lessons learned from deployment of conventional Odyssey vehicles for inspections tasks.