gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Precipitation Hardening Effect on Controlled Rolled HSLA Steels Containing V and/or Nb (1980)

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of precipitation hardening on the properties of HSLA (high strength low alloy) controlled rolled steels containing vanadium and/or niobium. Laboratory tests were carried out under various conditions of controlled rolling and heat treatment. Also, thermomechanical treatments such as direct quenching and tempering, rolling and tempering in conjunction with rolling conditions were studied. The results revealed that there were two types of precipitation hardening. That is, the one which is called "secondary hardening" is accompanied by a large loss in toughness and the other called "dispersion hardening" is accompanied by little loss in toughness. The secondary hardening is attributable to fine coherent precipitates formed in the lower temperature range of ferrite region. On the other hand, the dispersion hardening is attributable to fine incoherent precipitates induced by strain in the lower temperature range of austenite region and/or in the high temperature range of ferrite region. The controlled rolling is supposed to accelerate the latter, while suppressing the former.
Iridium-Promoted, Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Unactivated Arenes (2014)

A Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between Cp*(PMe3)IrBn2 and aryl halides was developed. Examining the scope of this reaction led to the discovery that Cp*(PMe3)IrMeCl activates C–H bonds on arene substrates that undergo subsequent Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling with aryl iodides. This Ir-promoted, Pd-catalyzed direct arylation is notable for its distal selectivity on substituted arenes lacking directing groups or a particular electronic bias.
Identification of potentially predictive biomarkers for tumor sensitivity to proapoptotic receptor agonists (2008)

14505 Background: Apo2L/TRAIL selectively stimulates cancer-cell death through the proapoptotic receptors DR4 and DR5. Endogenous Apo2L/TRAIL is expressed on natural killer cells and has been implicated in immune surveillance against metastatic tumor cells. We have generated two proapoptotic receptor agonists (PARAs) as experimental cancer- therapeutic agents: soluble recombinant human (rh)Apo2L/TRAIL, which induces apoptosis through DR4 and/or DR5; and Apomab-a fully human, affinity-matured agonistic antibody that triggers apoptosis through DR5. Both PARAs display antitumor efficacy and cooperate with various chemotherapy and other agents in diverse cancer xenograft models. Systemic infusion of either PARA is well tolerated in non-human primates, and both molecules are currently in clinical trials. Methods: To identify potential determinants of tumor susceptibility to rhApo2L/TRAIL, we characterized a panel of cancer cell lines for sensitivity to the ligand in relation to gene expression profiles. Results: mRNA expression of the peptidyl O-glycosyl transferase GALNT14 correlated with rhApo2L/TRAIL sensitivity in pancreatic carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma and melanoma cell lines (P < 9X10−6; n=83), and up to 30% of primary tumor samples from various human malignancies displayed GALNT14 overexpression. Loss- and gain-of function experiments revealed that GALNT14 promotes O-glycosylation of DR4 and DR5; this modification facilitated ligand- stimulated receptor clustering, to mediate recruitment and activation of the apoptosis-initiating protease caspase-8. Conclusion: These results uncover a novel link between O-glycosylation of cell-surface receptors and apoptosis signaling, providing potentially predictive biomarkers for PARA-based cancer therapy. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Genentech™ BioOncology Genentech™ BioOncology Genentech™ BioOncology
Predictions for Nucleate Boiling - Results From a Thermal Bench Marking Exercise Under Low Flow Conditions (2002)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Two predictive methods have been applied to an IC engine cooling gallery simulator to provide benchmarking heat transfer information. The object of this work was to assess the suitability and accuracy of these methods for application to future on-engine heat transfer studies. Such studies are aimed at developing predictive tools to aid in the design of precision cooling systems. The modelling techniques of Rohsenow and Chen have been used, modified and validated. Compared against experimental data, the sub-cooled form of the Chen model has been found to be most representative for the cooling gallery simulator designed specifically to meet the requirements of this work.</div>
Comparison of Apoptosis Detection Markers Combined with Macrophage Immunostaining to Study Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells in Situ (2006)

Efficient phagocytosis of cells undergoing apoptosis by macrophages is important to prevent immunological responses and development of chronic inflammatory disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus, cystic fibrosis and atherosclerosis. To study phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (AC) by macrophages in tissue, we validated different apoptosis markers (DNA fragmentation, caspase-3 activation and cleavage of its substrate poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1) in combination with macrophage immunostaining. Human tonsils were used as a model because they show a high apoptosis frequency under physiological conditions as well as efficient phagocytosis of AC by macrophages. On the other hand, advanced human atherosclerotic plaques were examined since plaques show severely impaired phagocytosis of AC. Our results demonstrate that the presence of non-phagocytized terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase end labelling (TUNEL)-positive AC represents a suitable marker of poor phagocytosis by macrophages in situ. Other markers for apoptosis, such as cleavage of caspase-3 or PARP-1, should not be used to assess phagocytosis efficiency, because activation of the caspase cascade and cleavage of their substrates can occur in AC when they have not yet been phagocytized by macrophages.
Histologic Analysis of the Lumbosacral Nerve Roots After Compression in Young and Aged Rabbits (1997)

These findings demonstrate the suppression of regeneration and the latent fragility of the aged neural tissue. This may explain the clinical findings observed in aged patients with degenerative lumbar lesions.
High-Pressure Investigation on Calcium Borohydride (2009)

Structural properties of calcium borohydride, Ca(BH4)2, containing α and β polymorphs are investigated under pressure by in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction up to 13 GPa and by Raman spectroscopy up to 25 GPa. Results show that the β phase transforms to a highly disordered structure above 10.2 GPa, whereas the α phase is stable in the pressure range studied. Rietveld analysis of the X-ray diffraction pattern collected at ambient conditions shows that the α phase is an orthorhombic F2dd structure with lattice parameters a = 8.82(7) Å, b = 13.05 (10) Å, c = 7.404(5) Å, and V = 851.8(10) Å3 (64.13 cm3/mol). The β phase was checked for all the suggested tetragonal structures, and the best match is obtained with space group P42/m; the lattice parameters are a = 6.88(4) Å, c = 4.32(5) Å, and V = 204.82(18) Å3 (61.68 cm3/mol). Pressure volume data obtained for α-Ca(BH4)2 are fitted with the third-order Birch−Murnaghan equation of state that yields a bulk modulus value of K0 = 22.95(4) GPa with K0′ = 2.63(0.5).
Concept and Topics of Automotive Production Process for Paint Shop (2018)

付帯装置の小型化 次章では，これら開発技術の内，代表的な技術について概 要を紹介する。
Organometallic modification approach to control of polymer properties: a soluble, liquid crystalline, .pi.-complexed aromatic polyamide (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganometallic modification approach to control of polymer properties: a soluble, liquid crystalline, .pi.-complexed aromatic polyamideAlexa A. Dembek, Robert R. Burch, and Andrew E. FeiringCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 5, 2087–2089Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00058a092RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views335Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (444 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Experimental tuning of AIFSN and CWmin parameters to prioritize voice over data transmission in 802.11e WLAN networks (2007)

In this paper we experimentally study the impact of two EDCA parameters, namely AIFSN and CWmin, on a mixed voice/data wireless transmission. In particular we investigate how the tuning of these parameters affects both the voice transmission quality and background data throughput. We predict end-to-end voice transmission quality from time varying transmission impairments using the latest Appendix to the ITU-T E-model. Our experimental results show that the tuning of the EDCA parameters can be used to successfully prioritize voice transmission over data in real 802.11e networks. We also demonstrate that the AIFSN parameter more effectively protects voice calls against background data traffic than CWmin. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental investigation on tuning of MAC layer parameters in a real 802.11e WLAN network from the perspective of end-to-end voice transmission quality and end user satisfaction.
Cyclization of alkoxymethyl radicals (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclization of alkoxymethyl radicalsViresh H. Rawal, Surendra P. Singh, Claire Dufour, and Christophe MichoudCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 18, 5245–5247Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00018a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00018a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views226Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optimum refractive-index profile of the graded-index polymer optical fiber, toward gigabit data links (1996)

The optimum refractive-index distribution of the high-bandwidth graded-index polymer optical fiber (POP) was clarified for the first time by consideration of both modal and material dispersions. The ultimate bandwidth achieved by the POP is investigated by a quantitative estimation of the material dispersion as well as the modal dispersion. The results indicate that even if the refractive-index distribution is tightly controlled, the bandwidth of the graded-index POP is dominated by the material dispersion when the required bit rate becomes larger than a few gigabits per second. It is also confirmed that the material dispersion strongly depends on the matrix polymer and that the use of a fluorinated polymer whose material dispersion [-0.078 ns/(nm km)] is lower than that of poly(methyl methacrylate) [-0.305 ns/(nm km)] allows for a 10-Gb/s signal transmission.
Synchrotron Based Microstructural Characterization Method Development for Pu Oxides (2019)

Identification of new plutonium oxide signatures is a high priority focus area of the technical nuclear forensics and nonproliferation communities. Comprehensive materials science studies of plutonium oxide are needed to advance the understanding of the microcrystalline properties and their relationship to macro-scale morphologies and signatures. Plutonium oxide particle growth is depenedent on the microcrystalline strucutures, grain size, and orientation. Microcrystalline structures have been found to vary for plutonium oxide based on the oxidation state of plutonium, concentration of reactants, and the physiochemical conditions of precipitation. Empirical observation confirms the relationship between processing conditions and particle morphology. High sensitivity, non destructive analysis of individual microcrystalline grains requires the use of bright sources of X-rays produced by synchrotron radiation, such as those at the Advanced Photon Source. The light source can reveal higher resolution crystallographic mapping, more sensitive chemical analysis, and higher fidelity morphological information than any current methods at SRNL Progress of FY19 was the analysis of the synchrotron data. Areas of focus included XANES oxidation state and EXAFS to measure bond distances with modeling. Most measurements for XANES indicated that the plutonium was in the +4 oxidation state, however, some indicated that there could also be a +5 oxidation state. The EXAFS measurements showed typical Pu – O bonding distance of 2.33 and Pu – Pu bonding distances of 3.81 A; however, some samples also showed that there could be shorter Pu – O distances of approximately 1.81 A, indicative of plutonium in the +5 oxidation state.
Monitoring algorithms for negative feedback systems (2010)

There are many online systems where millions of users post original content such as videos, reviews of items such as products, services and businesses, etc. While there are general rules for good behavior or even formal Terms of Service, there are still users who post content that is not suitable. Increasingly, online systems rely on other users who view the posted content to provide feedback.
Poly-N-acetyl glucosamine gel matrix as a non-viral delivery vector for DNA-based vaccination. (2010)

Intramuscular administration of plasmid DNA vaccines is one of the main delivery approaches that can generate antigen specific T cell responses. However, major limitations of the intramuscular delivery strategy are the low level of myocyte transfection, resulting in a minimal level of protein expression; the inability to directly target antigen presenting cells, in particular dendritic cells, which are critical for establishment of efficacious antigen-specific immune responses. Although several viral vectors have been designed to improve plasmid DNA delivery, they have limitations, including the generation of neutralizing antibodies in addition to lacking the simplicity and versatility required for universal clinical application. We have developed an inexpensive non-viral delivery vector based on the polysaccharide polymer poly-N-acetyl glucosamine with the capability to target dendritic cells. This vector is fully biocompatible, biodegradable, and nontoxic. The advantage of the application of this delivery system relative to other approaches is discussed.
Lack of Association of the Ala45Thr Polymorphism and Other Common Variants of the NeuroD Gene With Type 1 Diabetes (2004)

Variation in genes necessary for normal functioning and development of beta-cells, e.g., NEUROD1, which encodes a transcription factor for the insulin gene and is important in beta-cell development, causes maturity-onset diabetes of the young. Some studies have reported an association between a nonsynonymous Ala(45)Thr (+182G-->A) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in NEUROD1 and type 1 diabetes, but this result has not been consistently found. To clarify this, we genotyped Ala(45)Thr in 2,434 type 1 diabetic families of European descent and Caucasian ethnicity from five different countries. Taking the allele frequency of 36% for Thr(45) and an odds ratio (OR) of 1.2, this sample provided >99% power to detect an association (P < 0.05). We could not confirm the association (P = 0.77). No evidence of population heterogeneity in the lack of association of Thr(45) with type 1 diabetes was observed. To evaluate the possibility that another NEUROD1 variant was associated with type 1 diabetes, we resequenced the gene in 32 U.K. affected individuals and identified and genotyped all common SNPs (minor allele frequency >10%; n = 5) in 786 families. We report no evidence of association of these common variants in NEUROD1 and type 1 diabetes in these samples.
Flexoelectricity and the polarity of complex ferroelastic twin patterns (2025)

We study, by means of an atomistic toy model, the interplay of ferroelastic twin patterns and electrical polarization. Our molecular dynamics simulations reproduce polarity in straight twin walls as observed experimentally. We show, by making contact with continuum theory, that the effect is governed by linear flexoelectricity. Complex twin patterns, with very high densities of kinks and/or junctions, produce winding structures in the dipolar field, which are reminiscent of polarization vortices. By means of a "cold shearing" technique, we produce patches with high vortex densities; these unexpectedly show a net macroscopic polarization even if neither the original sample nor the applied mechanical perturbation breaks inversion symmetry by itself. These results may explain some puzzling experimental observations of "parasitic" polarity in the paraelectric phase of BaTiO3 and LaAlO3.
Tunnel FET-based pass-transistor logic for ultra-low-power applications (2011)

Germanium-source tunnel-FET-based pass-transistor logic gates are proposed and benchmarked against conventional CMOS logic gates via mixed-mode simulations, for 15 nm L <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</inf> . For low throughput applications (>100 ps gate delay), TPTL is advantageous for reductions in dynamic energy and leakage power.
S-adenosine-L-homocysteine hydrolase from Nicotiana tabacum L.: Isolation and properties (1984)

S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (E.C. 3.3.1.1) (SAH hydrolase) from an explanate culture of Nicotiana tabacum L. was purified to homogeneity. The enzyme is composed of four subunits of molecular weight of 55 000. The native molecule of final molecular weight of 220 000 aggregates in solution to multimers of molecular weight of 440 000 and higher. When subjected to isoelectric focusing the enzyme yields two components of equal distribution and pI-values of 5.15 and 5.25. The enzyme is thermolabile and is readily inactivated at temperatures above 3 °C. The K M value for adenosine is 5.15 μmol l -1 and for S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) 11 μmol l -1 . The temperature optimum of both SAH synthesis and hydrolysis is 37 °C, the pH optimum of SAH hydrolysis is 8.0, of SAH synthesis 7.14. The enzyme is competitively inhibited by ( S )-9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine and inactivated by both enantiomers of eritadenine and 3-(adenin-9-yl)-2-hydroxypropionic acid.
Photochemistry of tetrasulfido complexes of molybdenum(VI), tungsten(VI), vanadium(V), and rhenium(VII) (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemistry of tetrasulfido complexes of molybdenum(VI), tungsten(VI), vanadium(V), and rhenium(VII)A. Vogler and H. KunkelyCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1988, 27, 3, 504–507Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00276a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00276a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views169Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
BlurNet: Defense by Filtering the Feature Maps (2020)

Recently, the field of adversarial machine learning has been garnering attention by showing that state-of-the-art deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples, stemming from small perturbations being added to the input image. Adversarial examples are generated by a malicious adversary by obtaining access to the model parameters, such as gradient information, to alter the input or by attacking a substitute model and transferring those malicious examples over to attack the victim model. Specifically, one of these attack algorithms, Robust Physical Perturbations (RP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ), generates adversarial images of stop signs with black and white stickers to achieve high targeted misclassification rates against standard-architecture traffic sign classifiers. In this paper, we propose BlurNet, a defense against the RP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> attack. First, we motivate the defense with a frequency analysis of the first layer feature maps of the network on the LISA dataset, which shows that high frequency noise is introduced into the input image by the RP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> algorithm. To remove the high frequency noise, we introduce a depthwise convolution layer of standard blur kernels after the first layer. We perform a blackbox transfer attack to show that low-pass filtering the feature maps is more beneficial than filtering the input. We then present various regularization schemes to incorporate this lowpass filtering behavior into the training regime of the network and perform white-box attacks. We conclude with an adaptive attack evaluation to show that the success rate of the attack drops from 90% to 20% with total variation regularization, one of the proposed defenses.