gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OESTRIOL-3-GLUCOSIDURONATE, A MAJOR URINARY METABOLITE OF OESTRIOL AND OESTRIOL-16(17?)-GLUCOSIDURONATE (1965)

ABSTRACT Oestriol-16- 14 C (OE 3 -16- 14 C) was administered to a non-pregnant woman and oestriol-16- 14 C-16(17?)-glucosiduronate (OE 3 -16- 14 C-16(17?)Gl) to a pregnant woman and the urinary oestriol conjugates were isolated and identified. More than 85 per cent of the radioactive material administered to the two subjects was excreted in the urine within 96 hours. In both cases more than 16 per cent of the administered radioactive material was isolated and identified as oestriol-16- 14 C-3-glucosiduronate (OE 3 -16- 14 C-3Gl) and more than-70 per cent as OE 3 -16- 14 C-16(17?)Gl. It is concluded that oestriol-3-glucosiduronate is a major urinary metabolite of both oestriol and oestriol-16(17?)-glucosiduronate.
Ultraviolet Thomson scattering measurements of the electron and ion features with an energetic 263 nm probe (2011)

Abstract not provided
<title>Automating laser scanning of 3D surfaces for reverse engineering</title> (1997)

Application of current 3-D laser scanning systems to reverse engineering is limited by two obstacles. The meticulous guidance of the laser scanner over the surface of the object being scanned and the segmentation of the cloud data which is collected by the laser scanner. Presently, both obstacles are being manually solved. The guidance of the laser scanning sensor at the correct surface to sensor distance is dependent on operator judgement and the segmentation of the collected data is reliant on the user to manually define surface boundaries on a computer screen. By applying a 2-D CCD camera, both of these problems can be resolved. Depth information on the location of the object surface can be derived from a pair of stereo images from the CCD camera. Using this depth information, the scanner path can be automatically calculated. Segmentation of the object surface can be accomplished by employing a Kohonen neural network into the CCD image. Successful segmentation of the image is conditional on the locations selected to start neural nodes as well as the prevention of the neuron connectors from bleeding onto neighboring patches. Thus the CCD camera allows for the automatic path planning of the laser scanner as well as the segmentation of the surface into patches defined along its natural boundaries.
A new method for studying movements of electric domain walls (1963)

The distribution of electric polarization at a crystal surface has been displayed by means of pyroelectric effects when a heat spot is scanned across it. The heat is derived from an electron beam. The method is intended for observation of domain walls in cases where optical observation is impossible. This paper exhibits stationary 90° walls in barium titanate with a resolution of 10 μm, and in this case optical observation confirms the positions of the walls. To study moving walls the scanning must be rapid; it is estimated that a small area could be scanned repetitively 104 times per second with a resolution of 2 μm.
Conformational effects of nucleotide exchange in ras p21 proteins as studied by fluorescence spectroscopy (1990)

The intrinsic fluorescence properties of the oncogene protein p21N-ras,p21H-ras and one of its transforming mutants, p21N-ras (Val12), have been investigated. A mutant containing a single tryptophan at position 28 in p21H-ras (Trp28) has been specifically engineered to provide a probe of protein conformation on nucleotide binding. The proteins produced essentially similar circular dichroism spectra typical of alpha/beta proteins. A decrease in the intensity of the fluorescence emission spectrum due to tyrosine occurred on GDP/GTP nucleotide exchange in the native and mutant proteins. Selective excitation of the single tryptophan in p21 produced a decrease in fluorescence intensity which was accompanied by a blue shift in the wavelength of maximum emission on nucleotide exchange. A reduction in the residual Mg2+ ion concentration enhanced this effect.
Identifying concerted evolution and gene conversion in mammalian gene pairs lasting over 100 million years (2009)

The extended duration of concerted evolution in multiple distant lineages suggests that there has been prolonged homogenization of specific segments within these gene pairs. Although we speculate that selection for homogenization could have been utilized in order to maintain crucial homo- or hetero- binding domains, it remains unclear why gene conversion has persisted for such extended periods of time. Through these analyses, our results demonstrate additional examples of a process that plays a definite, although unspecified, role in molecular evolution.
Development and evaluation of a Stirling-powered cardiac assist system. Annual report, May 1974--Jul 1975 (1975)

The Stirling-Cycle engine is designed to power implantable physiologically compatible heart-assist and total heart replacement devices. Heat is provided by a /sup 238/Pu radioisotope capsule. Program activity during this report period included the development of the PAC-5 and PAC-5M actuators and the MK-VII engine. The report describes extensive endurance and accelerated life testing of complete LVAD systems and individual components. (GRA)
Computational (DFT) and Experimental (EXAFS) Study of the Interaction of [Ir(IMes)(H)<sub>2</sub>(L)<sub>3</sub>] with Substrates and Co‐substrates Relevant for SABRE in Dilute Systems (2015)

Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) is an emerging hyperpolarization method in NMR spectroscopy, in which hyperpolarization is transferred through the scalar coupling network of para-hydrogen derived hydrides in a metal complex to a reversibly bound substrate. Substrates can even be hyperpolarized at concentrations below that of the metal complex by addition of a suitable co-substrate. Here we investigate the catalytic system used for trace detection in NMR spectroscopy with [Ir(IMes)(H)2 (L)3 ](+) (IMes=1,3-dimesitylimidazol-2-ylidene) as catalyst, pyridine as a substrate and 1-methyl-1,2,3-triazole as co-substrate in great detail. With density functional theory (DFT), validated by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) experiments, we provide explanations for the relative abundance of the observed metal complexes, as well as their contribution to SABRE. We have established that the interaction between iridium and ligands cis to IMes is weaker than that with the trans ligand, and that in mixed complexes with pyridine and triazole, the latter preferentially takes up the trans position.
Gastrointestinal blood flow and oxygen consumption in awake newborn piglets: effect of feeding (1983)

Regional and total gastrointestinal (GI) blood flow, O2 delivery, and whole-gut O2 extraction and O2 consumption were measured before and 30, 60, and 120 min after feeding in nonanesthetized, awake 2-day-old piglets. Cardiac output and blood flow to kidneys, heart, brain, and liver were also determined. Blood flow was measured using the radiolabeled microsphere technique. In the preprandial condition, total GI blood flow was 106 +/- 9 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1, while O2 extraction was 17.2 +/- 0.9% and O2 consumption was 1.99 +/- 0.19 ml O2 X min-1 X 100 g-1. Thirty minutes after slow gavage feeding with 30 ml/kg artificial pig milk, O2 delivery to the GI tract and O2 extraction rose significantly (P less than 0.05) by 35 +/- 2 and 33 +/- 2%, respectively. The increase in O2 delivery was effected by a significant increase in GI blood flow, which was localized to the mucosal-submucosal layer of the small intestine. O2 uptake by the GI tract increased 72 +/- 4% 30 min after feeding. Cardiac output and blood flow to non-GI organs did not change significantly with feeding, whereas arterial hepatic blood flow decreased significantly 60 and 120 min after feeding. The piglet GI tract thus meets the oxidative demands of digestion and absorption by increasing local blood flow and tissue O2 extraction.
Interleukin‐33 regulates tissue remodelling and inhibits angiogenesis in the eye (2016)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of central vision loss worldwide. Loss of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a major pathological hallmark in AMD with or without pathological neovascularization. Although activation of the immune system is implicated in disease progression, pathological pathways remain diverse and unclear. Here, we report an unexpected protective role of a pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-33 (IL-33), in ocular angiogenesis. IL-33 and its receptor (ST2) are expressed constitutively in human and murine retina and choroid. When RPE was activated, IL-33 expression was markedly elevated in vitro. We found that IL-33 regulated tissue remodelling by attenuating wound-healing responses, including reduction in the migration of choroidal fibroblasts and retinal microvascular endothelial cells, and inhibition of collagen gel contraction. In vivo, local administration of recombinant IL-33 inhibited murine choroidal neovascularization (CNV) formation, a surrogate of human neovascular AMD, and this effect was ST2-dependent. Collectively, these data demonstrate IL-33 as a potential immunotherapy and distinguishes pathways for subverting AMD pathology. © 2016 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Experimental demonstration of remote optical detection of trace explosives (2008)

MIT Lincoln Laboratory has developed a concept that could enable remote (10s of meters) detection of trace explosives' residues via a field-portable laser system. The technique relies upon laser-induced photodissociation of nitro-bearing explosives into vibrationally excited nitric oxide (NO) fragments. Subsequent optical probing of the first vibrationally excited state at 236 nm yields narrowband fluorescence at the shorter wavelength of 226 nm. With proper optical filtering, these photons provide a highly sensitive explosives signature that is not susceptible to interference from traditional optical clutter sources (e.g., red-shifted fluorescence). Quantitative measurements of trace residues of TNT have been performed demonstrating this technique using a breadboard system, which relies upon a pulsed optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based laser. Based on these results, performance projections for a fieldable system are made.
Brain Interface Design for Asynchronous Control (2007)

The concept of self-paced control has recently emerged from within the general field of brain-computer interface research. The use of assistive devices in real-world environments is best served by interfaces operated in an asynchronous manner. This self-paced or asynchronous mode of device control is more natural than the more commonly studied synchronized control mode whereby the system dictates the control of the user. The Neil Squire Society develops asynchronous, direct brain-switches for self-paced control applications. Our latest switch design operated with a mean activation rate of 73 percent and false positive error rates of 2 percent. This report provides an introduction to asynchronous control, summarizes our results to date, and details some key issues that specifically relate to brain interface design for asynchronous control.
A novel transcript, <i>VNN1‐AB</i>, as a biomarker for colorectal cancer (2014)

Colorectal cancer is a global health challenge with high incidence rate and mortality. The patients' prognosis is strongly associated with disease stage and currently there is a need for improved prognostic and predictive biomarkers. In this study, novel colorectal cancer-specific transcript structures were nominated from whole transcriptome sequencing of seven colorectal cancer cell lines, two primary colorectal carcinomas with corresponding normal colonic mucosa and 16 normal tissues. The nominated transcripts were combined with gene level outlier expression analyses in a cohort of 505 colorectal cancers to identify biomarkers with capacity to stratify colorectal cancer subgroups. The transcriptome sequencing data and outlier expression analysis revealed 11 novel colorectal cancer-specific exon-exon junctions, of which 3 were located in the gene VNN1. The junctions within VNN1 were further characterized using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and the prevalence of the subsequently characterized novel transcript, VNN1-AB, was investigated by real-time RT-PCR in 291 samples of miscellaneous origins. VNN1-AB was not present in any of the 43 normal colorectal tissue samples investigated, but in 5 of the 6 polyps, and 102 of the 136 (75%) colorectal cancers. We have identified a novel transcript of the VNN1 gene, with an organ-confined complete specificity for colorectal neoplasia.
Time Course of Auditory Cortex Activation during Speech Processing (2002)

The purpose of the studies summarized in this report was to determine the time course of auditory cortex involvement in speech and language processing in the context of auditory object formation. Forty-one subjects took part in the three studies summarized in this report. In all three studies, subjects performed a choice-reaction task that required their pressing an appropriate button in response to auditory stimuli (speech/non-speech, good/worse fused phonemes, first/second language words) presented through earphones. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during performance of the task from 21 scalp electrodes, in addition to peri-ocular electrodes for monitoring eye movements. Current densities within the gray matter of the brain were estimated using the LORETA (low resolution electromagnetic tomography) method. In general, except for some periods, processing phonetic and linguistic information was associated with elevated activity in the left auditory cortex. Peaks in auditory cortex activation corresponded in time to scalp recorded peaks in the latencies of P1 and up to as late as P3. The adjacent posterior temporal areas showed a similar temporal pattern of activation, but tended to be less lateralized to the left, or even biased toward right hemisphere predominance, depending on the stimulus, particularly in the later time frames. The results indicate that the auditory cortex is engaged in auditory processing from its early stages and as long as a few hundreds of msec, even after cessation of the stimulus, defining sounds as distinct auditory objects and differentiating speech from non-speech material, relying on acoustic cues. Hemispheric dominance fluctuates to include activity in the 'non-dominant' hemisphere depending on stimulus type and stage of processing.
Self-indicating amine scavenger resins (2004)

Self-indicating methylisocyanate resin, which functions as both a scavenger and an indicator for amines, was used for in-situ reaction monitoring and purification of a urea based library.
<title>Heating of industrial sewing machine needles: FEA model and verification using IR radiometry</title> (1999)

With the use of synthetic fabrics and threads in high speed sewing, needle heating due to friction between the needle and the fabric becomes a serious problem which limits further increase of the sewing speed. The high temperature in the needle can accelerate thread wear, cause wear at the needle eye, and damage the thread. It can also scorch the fabric, as well as temper and weaken the needle itself. Experimental methods, such as: infrared radiometry, infrared pyrometry, etc., have been applied to analyze this problem in previous studies. They revealed some important factors that affect the needle peak steady state temperature. In this study the numerical (FEA) model developed to simulate the needle heating is fine tuned and verified via infrared radiometry. The FEA model incorporates detailed needle geometry and the effects of thread on needle heating. It deals with a transient heat transfer process with time and position dependent boundary conditions. It correlates various important factors that affect the needle heating, such as needle characteristics, fabric properties, and sewing conditions to the needle temperature distribution. Given various needle geometries, sewing conditions, and fabric properties, the model can simulate the needle heating process, including the initial heating phase and the steady state. It can also predict the temperature distribution in the needle as well as the time to reach steady state. The trends of the simulation results correlate well with experiments.
Prolonged control of replication-competent dual- tropic human immunodeficiency virus-1 following cessation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (2011)

This report suggests that some patients may be capable of controlling pathogenic HIV-1 isolates for extended periods of time after the cessation of HAART through a mechanism that is distinct from the potent cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) mediated suppression that has been reported in many elite suppressors.
Simulations of near-field excitation and trapping for integrated near-field optical microfluidic devices (2002)

Simulations of near-field excitation and trapping at 100 nm apertures were conducted to aid design of an integrated near-field optical device for detection and manipulation of molecules in fluidic microchannels. The simulations indicate that optical trapping will occur at near-field aperture edges, and if plane-polarized light is used the trapping edge can be selective. By changing the plane of polarization the position of the trap can be rotated. The near-field apertures have been fabricated inside microchannels using a novel batch micromachining process. The process consists of patterning micron size holes in a silicon nitride membrane, which are then reduced in size through the redeposition of silicon nitride thin films. Nanoholes down to 100 nm in diameter have been fabricated.
In situ injection of amniotic fluid stem cells for the bioengineering of de novo renal tissue (2005)

Giuliani, Stefano MD; Perin, Laura PhD; Maeshima, Akito PhD; Jin, Daniel BS; Sedrakyan, Sargis BS; Atala, Anthony MD; De Filippo, Roger MD Author Information
Adaptive approximately optimal control of unknown nonlinear systems based on locally weighted learning (2009)

This paper considers the optimal control of unknown nonlinear systems. Adaptive approximately optimal controllers are proposed with the aid of learning techniques. The proposed controllers can update themselves according to the estimates of the value functions and converge to the optimal controller. To show effectiveness of the proposed controllers, numerical simulations are presented.
Measurement of the root-mean-square width and the root-mean-square chirp in ultrafast optics (2000)

Based on two theorems, the importance of the root-mean-square (rms) width for the characterization of ultrashort optical pulses is demonstrated. First, it is shown that one can directly determine the rms width from the autocorrelation without making any assumptions about the specific form of the pulse envelope. Second, it is shown that a bandwidth-limited (unchirped) wave packet has the smallest possible rms time–bandwidth product. This reveals a natural definition for a rms chirp that is easily accessible to experimental measurement and that presents a useful measure for the quality of pulse compression techniques.
Hierarchically Structured, Self-Healing, Fluorescent, Bioactive Hydrogels with Self-Organizing Bundles of Phage Nanofilaments (2019)

Bacteriophages are essentially bionanoparticles with a protein coat, the composition of which can be controlled with atomic precision via genetic engineering, a property that makes them superior to synthetic nanoparticles as building blocks for bottom-up synthesis of multifunctional materials with advanced properties. We report hierarchically structured hydrogels of self-organized M13 bacteriophage bundles, composed of hundreds of M13 nanofilaments, which exhibit both long-range and micron-scale order, are visible in electron micrographs of the cross-linked state, and can adsorb up to 16× their weight in water. We further demonstrate that these hierarchical hydrogels of M13 exhibit advanced properties at room temperature, namely, self-healing under biological conditions, autofluorescence in three channels, which decays through biodegradation, potentiating non-destructive imaging capability, and bioactivity in the cross-linked state toward the host bacteria. The latter is, in particular, a powerful property, allowing the development of hydrogels with tunable bioactivity when combined with the phage display and/or recombinant DNA technology. Filamentous phage M13 has garnered significant attention in the past decade for the development of functional materials, ranging from tissue engineering scaffolds to batteries. Our investigation reveals the ability of these nanofilaments to self-organize into hierarchically structured soft matter, highlighting the power of self-organized M13 structures as building blocks for bottom-up synthesis.
Effect of butaclamol on dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in the rat striatum (1975)

Journal Article Effect of butaclamol on dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in the rat striatum Get access Richard J Miller, Richard J Miller M.R.C. Neurochemical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QD, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Alan S Horn, Alan S Horn M.R.C. Neurochemical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QD, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Leslie L Iversen Leslie L Iversen M.R.C. Neurochemical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QD, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Volume 27, Issue 3, March 1975, Pages 212–213, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1975.tb09444.x Published: 12 April 2011 Article history Received: 02 December 1974 Published: 12 April 2011
Indomethacin loaded chitosan microspheres. Correlation between the erosion process and release kinetics (1996)

The preparation of chitosan microspheres covalently linked with citric acid and loaded with indomethacin is described. The release kinetics correlated with the concentration of chitosan in the microsphere preparative mixture and the pH of the release medium. Deviations from Fickian to zero order kinetics were observed at higher concentrations of chitosan and at pH 7.4. The variations induced by these parameters on drug diffusion and solubility in the matrix undergoing erosion were analyzed.
Rapid hepatic failure associated with a contracted liver mimicking cirrhosis in a case of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with liver metastasis (1996)

A 46-year-old women had an undifferentiated nonkeratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma, locally controlled by radiotherapy. Initially, she had normal liver function tests and normal hepatic ultrasonography. Seven months later, she experienced a rapidly progressive hepatic failure manifested by the development of ascites, elevation of serum bilirubin level, and prolongation of prothrombin time. Imaging studies showed a contracted liver and serum biochemical tests were compatible with chronic liver disease, except for an increase of alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels. An endoscopic retrograde cholangiogram ws compatible with changes of sclerosing cholangitis. The patient died of hepatic decompensation within two months. A liver necropsy disclosed diffuse infiltration of carcinoma cells into the hepatic sinusoids and obliterative angio-invasion of the tumor cells with massive fibrotic stroma replacing almost all hepatocytes. In situ hybridization demonstrated expression of Epstein-Barr virus transcripts EBER1 in the tumor cells and proved a metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The contracted liver is likely to be explained by the tumor-associated desmoplastic change and the obliterative angio-invasion of the tumor. It is important to be aware that, although rare, such an unusual pattern of liver metastasis may mimick cirrhosis clinically and cause rapid hepatic failure in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.