gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fetal cardiac surgery. (1994)

Elucidation of the mechanisms of placental dysfunction after bypass and the negative effects of fetal stress (Fig 9) has allowed these issues to be addressed effectively using indomethacin and appropriate fetal anesthesia. The effective management of these two major problems has made a dramatic difference in the ability of fetal animals to survive surgical intervention and extracorporeal circulation. Characterization of various aspects of placental vascular hemodynamics using the isolated placental preparation also has added new insights into the behavior of the placental vasculature during extracorporeal circulation. These insights have been and will continue to be extremely useful in designing the ideal method of fetal extracorporeal circulatory support. In spite of these advances, further work remains before clinical application of these techniques can be applied reliably. Ideally, a specific blocker of the mediators of the placental response to cardiac bypass should be available before clinical studies are undertaken. Indomethacin, although quite effective, may have secondary effects on other vascular beds that would be potentially detrimental. Also, although the fetal stress response can be blocked adequately using fetal total spinal anesthesia, with a dramatic improvement in cardiovascular stability, this technique of anesthesia not only would be cumbersome, but also would be potentially dangerous in the human fetus. High-dose narcotic anesthesia has been shown to be very effective in neonates and infants undergoing cardiac procedures, with respect to both blockage of the stress response and maintenance of cardiac function. This technique also may be applicable in the human fetus as an effective method of blocking the stress response without causing myocardial depression or affecting peripheral vascular resistances. Unfortunately, sheep do not possess opiate receptors and, therefore, are not an appropriate model for testing narcotic anesthesia in the fetus. Future studies in the primate model using high-dose narcotic anesthesia could provide important information regarding this problem. Also, the ideal circuitry for fetal extracorporeal support has not been determined with certainty. Although a simplified circuit without an oxygenator is possible if the placenta is used as the oxygenator, this method has the disadvantages of high flow rates and placental stimulation. Extracorporeal circulation with the inclusion of an artificial oxygenator requires a somewhat more complex circuit; however, more manageable flow rates and less stimulation of placental vasculature are possible with this technique (Fig 10). All forms of fetal intervention for cardiovascular disease require an extensive understanding of the fetal pathophysiologic responses to intervention, whether the intervention involves open techniques that necessitate extracorporeal circulatory support or closed interventional techniques.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Dual-Band On-Body Repeater Antenna for In-on-On WBAN Applications (2013)

A dual-band on-body repeater antenna for in-on-on wireless body area network applications is proposed. The proposed antenna has a maximum radiation normal to the human-body surface for communication with implanted devices in the 5.8 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. In addition, to transmit the biological information received from the implanted devices to other on-body devices, the proposed antenna was designed to have a monopole-like radiation pattern along the surface of the human body for communication in the 2.45 GHz ISM band. The antenna was fabricated, and its performance was measured by attaching it to a human-equivalent semisolid phantom. In addition, the human-body effect was studied to ensure antenna performance under an actual situation.
Development of a Computer Writing System Based on EOG (2017)

The development of a novel computer writing system based on eye movements is introduced herein. A system of these characteristics requires the consideration of three subsystems: (1) A hardware device for the acquisition and transmission of the signals generated by eye movement to the computer; (2) A software application that allows, among other functions, data processing in order to minimize noise and classify signals; and (3) A graphical interface that allows the user to write text easily on the computer screen using eye movements only. This work analyzes these three subsystems and proposes innovative and low cost solutions for each one of them. This computer writing system was tested with 20 users and its efficiency was compared to a traditional virtual keyboard. The results have shown an important reduction in the time spent on writing, which can be very useful, especially for people with severe motor disorders.
Quantitative study on thromboplastin in various strains of Yoshida ascites hepatoma cells of rat. (1974)

Bile acids are amphiphilic endogenous steroids that act as anionic surfactants in the digestive tract and aggregate in aqueous solutions. Nonionic surfactants were synthesized by grafting poly(ethylene glycol) chains of various lengths (pegylation) to three bile acids (lithocholic, deoxycholic, and cholic acid) using anionic polymerization. The aggregation properties of the derivatives were studied with viscosity measurements and light scattering as well as with steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence techniques, and the aggregates were visualized by transmission electron microscopy to elucidate the effect of pegylation on the aggregation process. The fluorescence results showed a good correlation with the capacity of the bile acid derivatives to solubilize a hydrophobic drug molecule. The solubilization of ibuprofen depends on the length and the number of grafted PEG chains, and the solubilization efficiency increases with fewer PEG chains on the bile acid. The results indicate their potential for use in the design of new bile acid-based drug-delivery systems.
Communication theory and physics (1953)

The electromagnetic signals used in communication are subject to the general laws of radiation. One obtains a complete representation of a signal by dividing the time-frequency plane into cells of unit area and associating with every cell a "ladder" of distinguishable steps in signal intensity. The steps are determined by Einstein's law of energy fluctuation, involving both waves and photons. This representation, however, gives only one datum per cell, viz. the energy, while in the classical description one has two data; an amplitude and a phase. It is shown in the second part of the paper that both descriptions are practically equivalent in the long-wave region, or for strong signals, as they contain approximately the same number of independent, distinguishable data, but the classical description is always a little less complete than the quantum description. In the best possible experimental analysis the number of distinguishable steps in the measurement of amplitude and phase is only the fourth root of the number of photons. Thus it takes a hundred million photons per cell in order to define amplitude and phase to one percent each.
Framework for Using Quantitative PCR as a Nonculture Based Method To Estimate Virus Infectivity (2011)

Measuring the efficiency of virus disinfection with quantitative PCR (qPCR) has been criticized as inadequate due to the production of false-positive signals. Such a claim, however, presupposes an understanding of the theoretical qPCR response. Many studies have assumed that the loss in qPCR signal upon disinfection should equal the loss in infectivity, without accounting for the fact that qPCR typically assays only a fraction of the viral genome. This study aimed to develop a theoretical framework to relate viral infectivity with genome damage measured by qPCR. The framework quantified damage to the entire genome based on the qPCR amplification of smaller sections, assuming single-hit inactivation and a Poissonian distribution of damage. The framework was tested and modified using UV(254) inactivation studies with bacteriophage MS2 (culturing and qPCR of approximately half the genome). Genome regions showed heterogeneous sensitivities to UV(254) treatment, thus deviating from the assumption of Poissonian damage. We offered two modifications to account for these deviations and confirmed that the qPCR-based framework accurately estimated virus infectivity. This framework offers the potential to monitor the infectivity of viruses that remain nonculturable (norovirus). While developed for UV(254)-inactivated virus, the framework should apply to any disinfection technique that causes inactivation via single genomic lesions.
Piecewise-linear network theory (1956)

June 15, 1956. This report is based on a thesis submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering, M.I.T., May 14, 1956, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Science.
THE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE-INDUCED MAC-1+ NATURAL SUPPRESSOR CELLS ON IL-2 AND IL-4 UTILIZATION IN MLR (1994)

Transplantation is published monthly and is the most cited and influential journal in the field, with more than 25,000 citations per year. The journal celebrated its 50th year in 2016. Transplantation has been the trusted source for extensive and timely coverage of the most important advances in transplantation. The Editors and Editorial Board are an international group of research and clinical leaders that includes many pioneers of the field, representing a diverse range of areas of expertise. This capable editorial team provides thoughtful and thorough peer review, and delivers rapid, careful and insightful editorial evaluation of all manuscripts submitted to the journal.
Study on the presence and influence of phenolic compounds in callogenesis and somatic embryo development of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.). (2015)

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) like most tropical trees is recalcitrant in tissue culture. Somatic embryogenesis is generally efficient micropropagation technique to multiply elite material. However, Somatic embryogenesis in cocoa is difficult and this species is considered as recalcitrant. One of the factors often considered as a component of in vitro recalsitrance is a high phenolic content and oxidation of these compounds. In cocoa tissue culture accumulate large amounts of poliphenolics compounds which probably impair further development. This study was conducted to investigate the composition of phenolic compounds in cocoa flower and leaves, and their changes troughout the somatic embryogenesis process. Calli were induced in cacao floral and leaves explants on a half-strenght Murashige and Skoog medium containing 30 g/L Glucose and combination of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4 D) with kinetin (kin). Total polyphenol content was observed on Sulawesi 1 cocoa clone. Embryogenic and non-embryogenic callus were also compared. The percentage of callus production from flower tissue is 85%, percentage of embryogenic callus 40 %, although the percentage of somatic embryo production from embryogenic callus callus is 70%. The conservation of callus into somatic embryos followed by decline in phenol content and an increase in peroxidase. The synthesis kinetics for these compounds in calli, under different somatic embryogenesis conditions, revealed a higher concentration under non-embryogenic conditions. So that, phenolic compound can influence the production of calli and an absence the phenolic compound can enhance production of somatic embryo.Kata kunci: Theobroma cacao L., polifenol, embrio somatik, kalus, flavonoid, katekin, in vitro recalcitance
Design and Synthesis of Potent Non-Polyglutamatable Quinazoline Antifolate Thymidylate Synthase Inhibitors (1999)

The synthesis is described of a series of analogues of the potent thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitor, N-[4-[N-[(3,4-dihydro-2, 7-dimethyl-4-oxo-6-quinazolinyl)methyl]-N-prop-2-ynylamino]-2-f luorob enzoyl]-L-glutamic acid (4, ZM214888), in which the glutamic acid moiety is replaced by homologous amino acids and alpha-amino acids where the omega-carboxylate is replaced by acylsulfonamides and acidic heterocycles. In general these modifications when compared to 4 gave compounds with increased potency as inhibitors of isolated TS and as cytotoxic agents against murine tumor cell lines. The new compounds require transport by the reduced folate carrier for entry into cells but are not converted intracellularly into polyglutamated species. Agents with this profile are expected to show activity against tumors that are resistant to classical antifolates due to low expression of folylpolyglutamate synthetase. The analogue (S)-2-[4-[N-[(3,4-dihydro-2, 7-dimethyl-4-oxo-6-quinazolinyl)methyl]-N-prop-2-ynylamino]-2-f luorob enzamido]-4-(1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)butyric acid (35, ZD9331) has been selected as a clinical development candidate and is currently undergoing phase I studies.
Fabrication of functional colloidal photonic crystals based on well-designed latex particles (2011)

Colloidal photonic crystals (PCs) have attracted a wide research interest due to their special light manipulation properties, demonstrating wide applications in optical sensing materials and various optical devices. In this paper, we review recent research progress related to the fabrication of functional colloidal PCs with tough mechanical properties, controllable wettability and anisotropic structures based on well-designed latex particles. For example, tough colloidal PCs are assembled from latex particles with hard-core and soft-shell structures, or based on a crosslinked structure among latex particles; the wettability of colloidal PCs is controlled by modifying the assembly temperature, pH, electronic potential, etc, using latex particles with well-designed surface chemical composition; the anisotropic colloidal PCs are fabricated based on the particles' anisotropic chemical composition or their response to external fields. Otherwise, large-scale fabrication of colloidal PCs by coating or printing has also been demonstrated based on the use of the latex particles with additional assembly force. This fabrication of functional colloidal PCs will greatly extend their applications in various fields.
Criteria for diagnosing age‐associated memory impairment: Proposed improvements from the field (1989)

We pooled clinical and research experience to suggest revised criteria for diagnosing age‐associated memory impairment and to propose guidelines for identifying more select subgroups with age‐consistent memory impairment and late‐life forgetfulness.
Color Quality in Paprika Oleoresins (1998)

Color determines the commercial value of paprika oleoresins and is generally associated with the quality of the sample: the greater the coloring capacity, the higher the quality. The present study evaluates different parameters of color measurement, such as ASTA and tint determination. The latter does not give a real value of the ratio between the red and yellow pigments and is not a distinguishing parameter in most cases. However, combination of the information from the ASTA method with that of the carotenoid composition of the red and yellow fractions, acquired by HPLC, enables greater accuracy in judging both the quality of the final sample and the soundness of the process for obtaining it. Finally, an alternative tint determination is proposed, based on measurements at other wavelengths and using the appropriate extinction coefficients, thereby providing the composition of each fraction and the R/Y ratio, values closer to those of the actual sample. Keywords: Oleoresin; carotenoid; color; measurement; quality
Multicarrier modulation with blind detection capability using cosine modulated filter banks (2003)

The cosine modulated filter bank (CMFB) is introduced as a multicarrier modulation (MCM) technique for wideband data transmission over wireless channels. Under the name discrete wavelet multitone modulation, CMFB has been considered for data transmission over digital subscriber lines. We propose a new receiver structure that is different from those proposed previously. The new structure simplifies the task of channel equalization, by reducing the number of equalizer parameters significantly. We also propose a novel blind equalization algorithm that fits very nicely in the proposed structure. Moreover, we discuss the bandwidth efficiency of the proposed CMFB-MCM system and show that it is superior to the conventional (single carrier) quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM). The CMFB is found to be a signal processing block that stacks a number of vestigial sideband modulated signals in a number of overlapping subchannels in the most efficient way. The proposed CMFB-MCM is also compared to OFDM with respect to bit-error rate performance. Under the conditions that the channel impulse response duration remains less than the length of cyclic prefix, OFDM is found marginally superior to CMFB-MCM. However, OFDM degrades very fast when the channel impulse response duration exceeds the length of the cyclic prefix. CMFB-MCM, on the other hand, is found less sensitive to variations in channel impulse response duration.
Application of a Hybrid Bi-LSTM-CRF model to the task of Russian Named Entity Recognition (2017)

Named Entity Recognition (NER) is one of the most common tasks of the natural language processing. The purpose of NER is to find and classify tokens in text documents into predefined categories called tags, such as person names, quantity expressions, percentage expressions, names of locations, organizations, as well as expression of time, currency and others. Although there is a number of approaches have been proposed for this task in Russian language, it still has a substantial potential for the better solutions. In this work, we studied several deep neural network models starting from vanilla Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) then supplementing it with Conditional Random Fields (CRF) as well as highway networks and finally adding external word embeddings. All models were evaluated across three datasets: Gareev's dataset, Person-1000, FactRuEval-2016. We found that extension of Bi-LSTM model with CRF significantly increased the quality of predictions. Encoding input tokens with external word embeddings reduced training time and allowed to achieve state of the art for the Russian NER task.
Cannabinoids for epilepsy (2014)

No reliable conclusions can be drawn at present regarding the efficacy of cannabinoids as a treatment for epilepsy. The dose of 200 to 300 mg daily of cannabidiol was safely administered to small numbers of patients generally for short periods of time, and so the safety of long term cannabidiol treatment cannot be reliably assessed.
Transfert de cellules germinales primordiales de Dindon à l’embryon de Poulet par injection intravasculaire (1969)

ABSTRACT Les recherches descriptives et expérimentales concernant l’étude des rapports entre soma et germen, suscitées par les théories de Nussbaum (1880) et de Weismann (1885), ont montré que chez la plupart des Métazoaires — et notamment chez la quasi totalité des Vertébrés — le soma et le germen constituent des lignées cellulaires déjà distinctes au début du développement puisque la destruction des éléments germinaux entraîne la stérilité sexuelle définitive des individus. La ségrégation complète et irréversible des lignées somatique et germinale n’implique pas pour autant leur indépendance métabolique. Des travaux portant sur la différenciation des cellules germinales et la maturation des gamètes ont en effet démontré qu’elles nécessitent un apport de substances provenant des tissus somatiques de la gonade. Dès lors, on pouvait se demander si certaines de ces substances n’étaient pas porteuses d’information. La résolution expérimentale de ce problème nécessitait la colonisation d’un tissu somatique de gonade par des cellules germinales de spécificité zoologique différente.
Polymer Blends (1990)

Articles such as containers, films, etc., prepared from polyolefins suffer from significant permeation of organic solvents and flavors, making polyolefins less desirable for a variety of packaging and industrial applications (e.g., automotive fuel tanks). Enhancement of the permeability barrier properties of polyolefins by blending with a polymer having high barrier properties has limited applicability in most cases, because such barrier polymers are relatively expensive and the conventional blend technology offers only limited barrier enhancements at low concentration of these additives because of the homogeneous nature of their dispersion. Described here are polymer blends having "laminar" morphologies of the dispersed barrier polymer phase in the matrix of the polyolefin resulting in significant enhancement of the hydrocarbon barrier properties of the polyolefin composition. Thus, using 3-10% of a polyamide as the barrier polymer, permeability loss can be reduced by a factor greater than 200 times over that from unmodified polyethylene. This significant enhancement of hydrocarbon barrier properties approximates that obtained by a complex multilayer coextruded system, but achieved here by using a simple process with only a single extruder system. The "laminar" or platelet morphologies in these structures can be established by microscopic examination of the cross section of the fabricated article. These can also be indirectly established by nondestructive ultrasonic examination of the molded article. Using this technology, small and large containers with good physical properties and permeability barrier to hydrocarbon fuels as well as fuels containing alcohols have been prepared and characterized.
Development of a distributed control system for PLC-based applications (2010)

This paper presents experiments aims to built a platform to monitor and control PLC-based processes over PROFIBUS-DP network. The platform is built using industry-standard off-the-shelf PLCs. Integrated with each PLC are communication processors that can be used for connectivity to the network and to a DP modem. The communication processor module used in this work provides an industrial compatible protocol over PROFIBUS-DP. The mode of communication of the industrial automation control system base on the PROFIBUS agreement where variable frequency drives and motor control centers can incorporate bus technologies, and developed a variable-frequency speed base on PROFIBUS-DP. The system can real-time control and collect data from diversified equipment, and the data get across the PROFIBUS is carried to industrial control computer. After data analysis, system carry on the real-time monitoring to the scene, and realize the automation control. This system is very important to study bus, distributed system, the frequency conversion velocity and PLC. It is channel to research on automation control system.