gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal performance and exergy analysis of a thermal vapor compression desalination system (1996)

A thermodynamic analysis based on the first and second laws is conducted to evaluate the performance of a thermal vapor compression (TVC) desalination system. The performance of the analytical model is compared with operational data obtained from tests performed on a four-effect, low temperature TVC desalination system with performance ratios of 6.5–6.8, located in the U.A.E. The effect of the process variables on the plant's performance ratios is investigated. The exergy losses due to irreversibilities in different subsystems of the TVC system are evaluated and compared with those of the conventional multi-effect boiling (MEB) and mechanical vapor compression (MVC) desalination systems. The TVC system yields the least exergy destruction among the three systems. Subsystem exergy analysis shows that most of the exergy destruction in the TVC system occurs in the first effect and in the thermo-compressor. Overall exergy losses can be significantly reduced by increasing the number of effects and the thermo-compressor entrainment ratio, and by decreasing the top brine and heating steam temperatures.
Back to Addams and Richmond: Was Social Work Really a Divided House in the Beginning? (2019)

Social work has experienced unique tensions related to its professional identity and dual purpose of social reform and individualized treatment. Scholars have represented this dual purpose, epitomized by Jane Addams and Mary Richmond, as indicating irreconcilable differences. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the writings and speeches of Mary Richmond and Jane Addams, and, based on this inquiry, to assert that their respective approaches to social work are much more unified than often suggested. Specific themes examined include: acceptance and need for each other’s perspectives; compatibility and unity of perspectives; and their collaboration as critical for effecting social change. With this more complex understanding of Richmond and Addams, the authors speculate about how a more holistic approach to social work practice is needed in the 21st century.
Protein dynamics and conformational disorder in molecular recognition (2009)

Recognition requires protein flexibility because it facilitates conformational rearrangements and induced-fit mechanisms upon target binding. Intrinsic disorder is an extreme on the continuous spectrum of possible protein dynamics and its role in recognition may seem counterintuitive. However, conformational disorder is widely found in many eukaryotic regulatory proteins involved in processes such as signal transduction and transcription. Disordered protein regions may in fact confer advantages over folded proteins in binding. Rapidly interconverting and diverse conformers may create mean electrostatic fields instead of presenting discrete charges. The resultant "polyelectrostatic" interactions allow for the utilization of post-translational modifications as a means to change the net charge and thereby modify the electrostatic interaction of a disordered region. Plasticity of disordered protein states enables steric advantages over folded proteins and allows for unique binding configurations. Disorder may also have evolutionary advantages, as it facilitates alternative splicing, domain shuffling and protein modularity. As proteins exist in a continuous spectrum of disorder, so do their complexes. Indeed, disordered regions in complexes may control the degree of motion between domains, mask binding sites, be targets of post-translational modifications, permit overlapping binding motifs, and enable transient binding of different binding partners, making them excellent candidates for signal integrators and explaining their prevalence in eukaryotic signaling pathways. "Dynamic" complexes arise if more than two transient protein interfaces are involved in complex formation of two binding partners in a dynamic equilibrium. "Disordered" complexes, in contrast, do not involve significant ordering of interacting protein segments but rely exclusively on transient contacts. The nature of these interactions is not well understood yet but advancements in the structural characterization of disordered states will help us gain insights into their function and their implications for health and disease.
Electronic Payment (2004)

Abstract In conventional commerce, many different ways of making payments have evolved but most of these are based on the principle that the bulk of the payments occur locally. The conventional payment method that works best globally is the credit card, and this had carried over well to the Internet, where the buyer and seller very often are very far apart. The bulk of Internet payments today are made using credit cards across a secure socket layer, which although it protects against some of the risks involved is still far from ideal. This paper reviews popular electronic payment methods used for transactions over the Internet, including credit‐card online purchasing, account‐based systems, smart‐card‐based systems, electronic checks, mobile payments, and micropayments.
Hollow-bearing trees in large glider habitat in south-east Queensland, Australia: Abundance, spatial distribution and management (2005)

This study examined factors influencing the distribution of live and dead trees with large diameter hollows (&gt;10 cm) in a productive coastal lowland forest of south-east Queensland. Forest age and type, historic logging rules and topographic position influenced the distribution of live hollow-bearing trees across the landscape. Also, some tree species (Eucalyptus acmenoides, Corymbia intermedia and C. trachyphloia) contained hollows at smaller diameters than others (C. citriodora, E. siderophloia and E. fibrosa), suggesting variation in rates of hollow formation among species. The average number of live hollow-bearing trees throughout the forest was 3.4 ± 0.4 per ha (mean ± s.e.), which is lower than the number of hollow-bearing trees to be retained during logging operations as specified by the Queensland Code of Practice for Native Forest Timber Production. The dead hollow-bearing tree resource is therefore important, and made up 42.3% of the total hollow-bearing tree resource. Dead hollow-bearing trees were available predominantly due to intensive silvicultural treatment conducted throughout the forest &gt;50 years ago. However, the abundance of dead hollow-bearing trees appears to be influenced by fire management. If current management practices persist, it is predicted that in 50 years the dead hollow-bearing tree resource will be depleted. If so, the hollow-bearing tree resource for the Yellow-bellied Glider Petaurus australis and in particular, the Greater Glider Petauroides vofans, will be critically limited in the study area.
Quantification of Bubbles Formed in Animals and Man During Decompression (1980)

Bubbles that form in the tissues and bloodstreams of animals and humans undergoing a compression/decompression sequence are considered precursors to symptoms of decompression sickness. A prevalent method used to monitor these bubbles is to ensonify the pulmonary artery or inferior vena cava with ultrasound and listen for Doppler shifted signals in the reflected and scattered sound.
New pathways in immune stimulation: targeting OX40 (2020)

Immune checkpoint blockers (ICB) reinvigorate the immune system by removing the molecular brakes responsible for the scarce activity of immune phenotypes against malignant cells. After having proven their remarkable role as monotherapy, combinations of anti-Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) agents with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) antibodies, chemotherapy and/or anti-angiogenic compounds provide unprecedented results and durable responses across a variety of tumour types. Nevertheless, the main drawbacks of ICB are represented by primary and acquired resistance, translating into disease progression, as well as by immune-related toxicities. In this sense, novel strategies to foster the immune system through its direct stimulation are being tested in order to provide additional clinical improvements in patients with cancer. In this scenario, the co-stimulatory molecule OX40 (CD134) belongs to the next generation of immune therapeutic targets. Preliminary results of early clinical trials evaluating OX40 stimulation by means of different agents are encouraging. Here we review the rationale of OX40 targeting, highlighting the combination of OX40-directed therapies with different anticancer agents as a potential strategy to foster the immune system against malignant phenotypes.
Elaboration d'une méthode théorique pour la détermination et la prédiction des couleurs de colorants carbonylés./ Elaboration of a theoretical procedure for the evaluation and prediction of the carbonyl dyes colour (2008)

Pour notre travail de these, nous avons etabli une methodologie, basee sur la DFT et sa variante dependante du temps, qui permet l'evaluation efficace et la prediction rapide des couleurs de differentes familles de colorants carbonyles dans differents environnements. Ainsi, nous sommes capables de fournir des valeurs theoriques tres precises pour les energies de transition des derives de l'anthraquinone, de la coumarine et de l'indigo ainsi que du thioindigo. Notre strategie prend en compte aussi bien les effets de solvatation, dans le cadre d'une modelisation en continuum, que les effets du pH, sur la position de la bande d'absorption maximale du spectre UV/VIS. / The project of the Ph. D. work consists in the elaboration of a theoretical methodology able to evaluate and predict the color of organic dyes (see the List of recent publications for more details). Our methodology takes into account the solvent effects as well as the pH impact on the color of the dyes. The theoretical tools used are the Density Functional Theory (DFT, for ground-state optimization) and the Time Dependent TDDFT for excitation spectra calculations. The solvent effects are taken into account via the PCM (Polarizable continuum Model).
Examining the Protective Role of ErbB2 Modulation in Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes (2014)

Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are being used as an in vitro model system in cardiac biology and in drug discovery (e.g., cardiotoxicity testing). Qualification of these cells for use in mechanistic investigations will require detailed evaluations of cardiomyocyte signaling pathways and cellular responses. ErbB signaling and the ligand neuregulin play critical roles in survival and functional integrity of cardiac myocytes. As such, we sought to characterize the expression and activity of the ErbB family of receptors. Antibody microarray analysis performed on cell lysates derived from maturing hiPSC-CMs detected expression of ∼570 signaling proteins. EGFR/ErbB1, HER2/ErbB2, and ErbB4, but not ErbB3 receptors, of the epidermal growth factor receptor family were confirmed by Western blot. Activation of ErbB signaling by neuregulin-1β (NRG, a natural ligand for ErbB4) and its modulation by trastuzumab (a monoclonal anti-ErbB2 antibody) and lapatinib (a small molecule ErbB2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor) were evaluated through assessing phosphorylation of AKT and Erk1/2, two major downstream kinases of ErbB signaling, using nanofluidic proteomic immunoassay. Downregulation of ErbB2 expression by siRNA silencing attenuated NRG-induced AKT and Erk1/2 phosphorylation. Activation of ErbB signaling with NRG, or inhibition with trastuzumab, alleviated or aggravated doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte damage, respectively, as assessed by a real-time cellular impedance analysis and ATP measurement. Collectively, these results support the expanded use of hiPSC-CMs to examine mechanisms of cardiotoxicity and support the value of using these cells in early assessments of cardiotoxicity or efficacy.
Adjuvants and alternative routes of administration towards the development of the ideal influenza vaccine (2011)

Vaccination is universally considered as the principal measure for the control of influenza, which represents a significant burden worldwide, both from a health-care and a socio-economic viewpoint. Conventional non-adjuvanted trivalent influenza vaccines (TIVs) have been recognized as having some deficiencies, such as suboptimal immunogenicity particularly in the elderly, in patients with severe chronic diseases and immunocompromized, indeed, those groups of the population at higher risk of developing severe complications following influenza infection, when compared to healthy adults. Moreover, the protection offered by conventional vaccines may be reduced by periodic antigenic drifts, resulting in a mismatch between the circulating and vaccinal viral strains. Another gap regarding currently available vaccines is related to the egg-based manufacturing system for their production: not only the length of time involved with the latter but also the limited capacity of this platform technology represent a major limitation for the active prevention of influenza, which is particularly important in the case of a new pandemic strain. New technologies used in vaccine composition, administration and manufacture have led to major advances during the last few years, and clinical researchers have continued to work hard, investigating several different strategies to improve the performance of influenza vaccines: namely, the addition of different adjuvants (i.e., MF59- and AS03-vaccines, virosomal formulations), the use of alternative routes of administration or manufacture (i.e., intradermal, nasal and oral vaccines and cell culture- and reverse genetic-based vaccines) or of high doses of antigen, and the development of DNA-vaccines, or the use of conserved viral epitopes (i.e., the extracellular portion of the M2 protein, the nucleoprotein and some domains of the hemagglutinin), in the attempt to produce a "universal target" antigen vaccine. The knowledge acquired represents a fundamental challenge for the control of influenza. An overview of the most recent and interesting results, some of which gained from our own research experience, particularly concerning two successful approaches, of those outlined above, namely the use of: (i) the oil-in-water MF59-adjuvant, and (ii) the intradermal (ID) route for vaccine administration, through a novel microinjection system, will be reported and discussed, together with the possible implications and perspectives to optimize immunization policies against influenza in the near future.
MUSIC AND THE SUPERNATURAL IN ‘THE TEMPEST’: A STUDY IN INTERPRETATION (1958)

Journal Article MUSIC AND THE SUPERNATURAL IN ‘THE TEMPEST’: A STUDY IN INTERPRETATION Get access JOHN P. CUTTS JOHN P. CUTTS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Music and Letters, Volume XXXIX, Issue 4, October 1958, Pages 347–358, https://doi.org/10.1093/ml/XXXIX.4.347 Published: 01 October 1958
Enhancement of Allergic Skin Wheal Responses by Microwave Radiation from Mobile Phones in Patients with Atopic Eczema/Dermatitis Syndrome (2002)

Microwave radiation from mobile phones enhanced skin wheal responses induced by house dust mite and Japanese cedar pollen while it had no effect on wheal responses induced by histamine in patients with atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (AEDS). Microwave radiation also increased plasma levels of substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in patients with AEDS. These results indicate that microwave radiation from mobile phones may enhance allergen-induced wheal responses in association with the release of SP and VIP. This finding may be useful in elucidating the pathophysiology and treatment of AEDS.
The politics of Medicaid: 1980-1989. (1990)

Grim statistics on infant mortality and women's health alone are not enough to keep Medicaid funded. What is also needed is a strong, vociferous lobby dedicated to protecting these important programs.
A Comparison of the Inhibitive Effect of High Voltage Pulsed Current Stimulation and Microcurrent Electrical Neuromuscular Stimulation on Bacterial Growth (1996)

High Voltage Pulsed Current Stimulation(HVPCS) and Microcurrent Electrical Neuromuscular Stimulation(MENS) have been used to promote the healing of decubitus ulcer and surgical wounds. The benefits of HVPCS and MENS are thought to include an inhibitive effect on bacterial growth. The purpose of this study was to compare the inhibitive effect of two different electrical stimulation techniques growth in vitro. Using agarose-based media, the two bacterial species Staphylococcus aureus, Esherichia coli - which are commonly isolated from open wounds were incubated in an incubator for 24 hours following exposure to HVPCS(400 V, 120 pps, ) and MENS(, 0.3 Hz). We then measured the zone of inhibition around each electrode. Both HVPCS and MENS produced an inhibitive effect on bacterial growth in this vitro study. However MENS was more effective than HVPCS.
Ambient pressure aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition of (CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>)PbBr<sub>3</sub>, an inorganic–organic perovskite important in photovoltaics (2014)

The inorganic-organic perovskite (CH3NH3)PbBr3, which is potentially important in photovoltaics, has been deposited using aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD).
A stiffness matrix method for foot force distribution of walking vehicles (1992)

The authors formulate a compliance model of walking systems and develop a stiffness matrix method for their foot force distribution by considering leg structure, actuators, and terrain as compliant, and incorporating the compatibility condition of deformation into equilibrium equations. To demonstrate the method in an actual machine, the stiffness matrix of a walking machine with pantograph legs is derived analytically, and numerical results for a quadruped walking with different gaits are presented and discussed. Compared with previous approaches, this method is considered to be more realistic, since it satisfies material deformation laws. Moreover, it is computationally very efficient and can be used in real-time control or simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Co-Doped Carbon Nanodots as a Novel Fluorescent Probe for Highly Sensitive Detection of Fe<sup>3+</sup> in Human Serum and Living Cells (2016)

Chemical doping with heteroatoms can effectively modulate physicochemical and photochemical properties of carbon dots (CDs). However, the development of multi heteroatoms codoped carbon nanodots is still in its early stage. In this work, a facile hydrothermal synthesis strategy was applied to synthesize multi heteroatoms (nitrogen and phosphorus) codoped carbon nanodots (N,P-CDs) using glucose as carbon source, and ammonia, phosphoric acid as dopant, respectively. Compared with CDs, the multi heteroatoms doped CDs resulted in dramatic improvement in the electronic characteristics and surface chemical activities. Therefore, the N,P-CDs prepared as described above exhibited a strong blue emission and a sensitive response to Fe(3+). The N,P-CDs based fluorescent sensor was then applied to sensitively determine Fe(3+) with a detection limit of 1.8 nM. Notably, the prepared N,P-CDs possessed negligible cytotoxicity, excellent biocompatibility, and high photostability. It was also applied for label-free detection of Fe(3+) in complex biological samples and the fluorescence imaging of intracellular Fe(3+), which indicated its potential applications in clinical diagnosis and other biologically related study.
The adjuvanticity of gamma inulin (1988)

Gamma-inulin (g-IN) is a polymorph identified as the active component of inulin preparations that specifically activates the alternative pathway of complement (APC). The APC is central to many leucocyte functions, including B cell activation. We show here that g-IN, when formulated as a pure, endotoxin-free, fine suspension insoluble at 37 degrees C and given at 50-100 micrograms per mouse, is a potent adjuvant for both humoral and cell-mediated responses to a variety of antigens. g-IN increased secondary IgG responses five- to 28-fold (P less than 0.001), using as antigen phosphorylcholine coupled to keyhole limpet haemocyanin; subclasses IgG 2a, 2b, and 3 were boosted several hundred-fold, IgG 1 10-fold. IgM and IgA were increased four- to six-fold. Delayed hypersensitivity, by footpad swelling after secondary challenge with sheep red blood cells (SRBC), was increased more than two-fold (P less than 0.001) if g-IN was included with the primary SRBC, equivalent to increasing primary doses 10-fold. g-IN was equally active if given 5 days before the primary SRBC. Thus it is an immune stimulant rather than a depot or vehicle for antigen. Mice primed subcutaneously with 30-300 HA units of H2N2 influenza virus (strain A/JAP) and challenged intranasally with a lethal dose of H1N1 virus (strain A/WSN) all died, but if g-IN was given with the primary antigen 50% of the mice survived (P less than 0.001), a deduced but not proven boost to cytotoxic T cell-mediated immunity. Unpublished work has shown that g-IN has no adverse effects at adjuvant-active doses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An efficient BTC image compression technique (1998)

This paper presents a moment preserving and visual information dominance technique to achieve the low-bit rate block truncation coding (BTC). Compared with other existing strategies as transform coding and vector quantization, conventional BTC compression has the advantage of simple and fast computation. Nevertheless the compression ratio is limited by its low efficiency. Our proposed technique accomplishes the goal of simple computation with variable bit rate selection by the moment preservation and information extraction algorithm. The proposed technique has the advantage of simple operations and it does not require complicated mathematical computations. Thus, the overall computation does not increase the burden compared with ordinary BTC. The simulations are carried with natural images to evaluate the performance. The generated decoded images have moderate quality with a bit rate of 0.5-1.0 bit/pixel.
Sealed-interface local oxidation technology (1982)

A new regime of local oxidation, dubbed SILO for Sealed-Interface Local Oxidation, is explored. In SILO processing, a film of silicon nitride is in intimate contact with the silicon surface. The ubiquitous native oxide is effectively eliminated by using nitrogen ion implantation into silicon or plasma-enhanced nitridation to form a "sealing film" of approximately 100 Å in thickness. The oxidation rate of both types of films is characterized and found to be nearly equivalent. A 100-Å film can mask the growth 0f 7000 Å of oxide in wet oxygen at 950° C. With a sealed interface it is found that the usual "bird's beak" formation is completely suppressed in local oxidation. An approximate theoretical analysis shows that even a very thin interfacial oxide, acting as a lateral diffusion path for the oxidant species, can lead to a significant bird's beak. With a sealed interface using a 90-Å film, the thick-oxide to bare-silicon transition region is chisel shaped, with approximately 45° slopes. The transition region is even more abrupt if a conventional LPCVD nitride film is deposited on the sealing film before patterning. However, for total nitride thicknesses greater than about 300 Å, defects are generated along the pattern edges aligned in [110] directions. Crystal damage generated during oxidation is found to be due to the intrinsic stress in the LPCVD nitride film. Argon-ion implantation into LPCVD nitride is found to be effective in reducing the defect density. A defect-free abrupt profile is produced by combining SILO with a nitride-oxide sandwich.