gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative Studies with Anticoccidials and Three Species of Chicken Coccidia In vivo and In vitro (1972)

At practicable use levels in chickens, some coccidiostats exhibit activity against but 1 or a few species of coccidia, while others have wide-spectrum activity. This might be due to a true variation in species response, or might be a reflection of differences in metabolism and distribution of different drugs in the various sites parasitized by the several species of coccidia. Activities of a number of drugs against Eimeria brunetti, E. necatrix, and E. tenella have been compared both in the chick and in tissue culture. These studies indicate a true species variation in sensitivity to a number of growth factor antagonists, and in the cases of zoalene and methyl benzoquate, possible modifications in activity by drug metabolism and/or distribution. Anticoccidials of the 1940's and 1950's were restricted in the spectrum of their activity at economically and toxicologically usable levels. Thus the sulphonamides showed considerably more activity against intestinal species of coccidia than against Eimeria tenella, while others such as dinitrobenzamide and amprolium were more active against E. tenella than against intestinal species. Wide-spectrum activity was achieved initially by using mixtures of drugs (e.g., Unistat, Pancoxin, Darvisul, Whitsyn). Subsequently, with the discovery of the quinolone, pyridone, and guanidine coccidiostats (e.g., methyl benzoquate, meticlorpindol, robenidine), wide-spectrum control at practical levels could be achieved with a single compound. The differing responses of the various species to different drugs in the chicken gut might be due to genuine species differences in susceptibility, but it could well be merely a reflection of drug absorption, metabolism, and distribution interacting with the differing locations of the various species in the gut. The development of tissue culture techniques for the in vitro cultivation of several species of coccidia has enabled us to compare the anticoccidial activities of a number of drugs against E. tenella, E. necatrix, and E. brunetti without the complicating variables of drug absorption and metabolism and parasite location.
Silica-based planar lightwave circuits for WDM systems (1996)

Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) systems are attractive for increasing transmission capacity and network flexibility, and they require various kinds of filters. The use of silica-based planar lightwave circuit (PLC) technology [1] is one of the most promising ways to fabricate filters for WDM networks, because PLC devices have low insertion losses, design flexibility, high reliability, and good reproducibility.
[Treatment of asthma using aerosols]. (1997)

The vast majority of clinicians in Europe now prescribe beta-2 agonists as first-line therapy for patients with asthma. Inhaler devices may deliver rapidly acting (beta-2 sympathomimetics) and more slowly acting (anticholinergic) bronchodilator therapy as well as prophylactic medication (sodium cromoglycate and topical corticosteroids). The metered dose inhaler (MDI) is most often prescribed, but at least 50% of patients cannot use this device efficiently and 10-15% of those who can, develop an inefficient technique. The vast majority of those patients are able to use a single-dose dry power inhaler. Recent studies have shown that a multidose dry power system can be used by most patients and is preferred to the MDI by over two-thirds of patient. The large volume spacer systems have been shown to be as good as the MDI and nebulizer systems in the management of asthma, and they are easier to use than the MDI. Nebulisers are of value in chronic asthma in children who cannot use other delivery systems. The role of nebulisers for the domiciliary treatment of asthma in adults, however, remains controversial.
Analysis of an AC LC ladder circuit with spiral vector theory (2003)

The author analyzes an AC LC ladder circuit with spiral vector theory whose state variables are time-varying complex numbers. The author obtains the analytical general solutions that consists of one fundamental frequency element and three transient oscillation frequency elements. With a numerical example, it is found that different initial phase angles of voltage source will yield completely different transient state and the author considers it is a chaos phenomenon. The author also obtains instantaneous reactive power of the circuit that has no definitions in conventional AC circuit theory. All results show that spiral vector theory is effective in AC circuit analysis.
Visualizing and quantifying movement from pre-recorded videos: The spectral time-lapse (STL) algorithm (2014)

When studying animal behaviour within an open environment, movement-related data are often important for behavioural analyses. Therefore, simple and efficient techniques are needed to present and analyze the data of such movements. However, it is challenging to present both spatial and temporal information of movements within a two-dimensional image representation. To address this challenge, we developed the spectral time-lapse (STL) algorithm that re-codes an animal's position at every time point with a time-specific color, and overlays it with a reference frame of the video, to produce a summary image. We additionally incorporated automated motion tracking, such that the animal's position can be extracted and summary statistics such as path length and duration can be calculated, as well as instantaneous velocity and acceleration. Here we describe the STL algorithm and offer a freely available MATLAB toolbox that implements the algorithm and allows for a large degree of end-user control and flexibility.
Advances in the Study of Geochemistry and Paleo-oceanography of the Co-rich Crust (2002)

The current advances in the study of geochemistry and paleo-oceanography of the Co-rich crust are reviewed in this paper. We summarize the study of geochemistry of the Co-rich crust, discuss the diffusion of elements in the Co-rich crust and the exchange with ambient seawater. Besides, we discuss the effect of phosphatization and substrate rocks on the composition of the Co-rich crust. We also introduce the application of stable isotopes (including the stable isotopes of Pb, Nd, and Hf), radioactive isotopes (including the radioactive isotopes of Be, U and Th), and elements (including the major elements, minor elements and rare earth elements) to the study of paleo-oceanography of the Co-rich crust.
QueryTracker: An Agent for Tracking Persistent Information Needs (2004)

Most people have long term information interests. Current Web search engines satisfy immediate information needs. Specific sites support tracking of long term interests. We present an agent that satisfies a gap in these services. QueryTracker implements a search engine interface with state. A userýs query and a learned alternative is automatically submitted daily to a search engine. A profile of the userýs interest is constructed based on user relevance feedback. Daily search results are disseminated if they correspond closely to the userýs profile. Changed pages are checked for relevant additions.We evaluate the impact of generating the alternate query and assess alternative methods of filtering the results in a month long user study. Results show that QueryTracker is effective at disseminating relevant documents over a period of time.
Ultrafast self-routing packet networks (1995)

In the future the public network may come to resemble a large number of networked computers rather than the traditional picture of interconnected switching and transmission equipment controlled by signaling systems. New applications and services using this network will generate high volumes of bursty traffic having the following characteristics and needs: short message durations (fractions of a second); extremely rapid call capture and close down; network latency dominated by optical transmission delay; rapidly fluctuating bandwidth demands; low predictability. A future network capable of supporting such extreme traffic diversity, with fast reaction times, will be radically different from both the networks of today and the familiar circuit-based photonic networks currently being developed in most laboratories.
A measure of program locality and its application (1984)

Although the phenomenon of locality has long been recognized as the single most important characteristic of program behaviour, relatively little work has been done in attempting to measure it. Recent work has led to the development of an intrinsic measure of program locality based on the Bradford-Zipf distribution. Potential applications for such a measure are many, and include the evaluation of program restructuring methods (manual and automatic), the prediction of system performance, the validation of program behaviour models, and the enhanced understanding of the phenomena that characterize program behaviour. A consideration of each of these areas is given in connection with the proposed measure, both to increase confidence in the validity of the measure and to illustrate a methodology for dealing with such problems.
EFFECTS OF ORAL SALBUTAMOL AND PIRBUTEROL ON FEV<sub>1</sub>, HEART RATE AND BLOOD PRESSURE IN ASTHMATICS (1976)

In a double-blind trial the effects on ventilatory function (FEV1), heart rate and blood pressure of oral pirbuterol and oral salbutamol in various single doses were studied in ten patients with chronic asthma. Pirbuterol (15 mg) and salbutamol (4 mg) produced equal peak levels of bronchodilatation. There was no significant difference in the mean rise in heart rates caused by the two drugs, and no other significant side-effects were noted.
Modulation of cellular redox homeostasis by the endocannabinoid system (2016)

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) constitute two key cellular signalling systems that participate in the modulation of diverse cellular functions. Importantly, growing evidence suggests that cross-talk between these two prominent signalling systems acts to modulate functionality of the ECS as well as redox homeostasis in different cell types. Herein, we review and discuss evidence pertaining to ECS-induced regulation of ROS generating and scavenging mechanisms, as well as highlighting emerging work that supports redox modulation of ECS function. Functionally, the studies outlined reveal that interactions between the ECS and ROS signalling systems can be both stimulatory and inhibitory in nature, depending on cell stimulus, the source of ROS species and cell context. Importantly, such cross-talk may act to maintain cell function, whereas abnormalities in either system may propagate and undermine the stability of both systems, thereby contributing to various pathologies associated with their dysregulation.
Historical representation of Gallipoli in the Australian curriculum (2014)

History curriculum has in recent years been the topic of much public interest, from debates within the history wars to issues related to content and pedagogical approaches within the new Australian Curriculum. This, in turn, has had an impact on History teaching within the school context, and is arguably a leading reason for the decision to incorporate History into the first phase of the Australian Curriculum (alongside other curriculum areas of Science, Maths and English).
Factors associated with prognosis for survival and athletic use in foals with septic arthritis: 93 cases (1987–1994) (1999)

With treatment, the prognosis for survival of foals with septic arthritis was favorable, whereas prognosis for ability to race was unfavorable. Multisystem disease, isolation of Salmonella spp from synovial fluid, involvement of multiple joints, and synovial fluid neutrophil count > or = 95% at admission may be of prognostic value.
XX Iufro World Congress 1995 (1995)

Role of auxin, gibberellin and ethylene in the size pattern and orientation of regenerative tracheids in Pinus pinea L.
Exploring Mesoscopia: The Bold New World of Nanostructures (1993)

Interest in the physics of condensed matter at size scales larger than that of atoms but smaller than that of bulk solids—so-called mesoscopic physics—has grown rapidly over the past two decades, but it stems from much earlier beginnings in diverse disciplines. Indeed, nanostructured matter apparently had its genesis with the Big Bang. The structures of the earliest meteorites suggest that matter formed by the condensation of atoms into nanoscale clusters that then aggregated into larger masses under the action of gravity. Many examples of natural nanostructures can be found as well in biological systems from seashells to the human body.
Decriminalizing Social Sex Selection is a Negation of theSociological Jurisprudence (2018)

The desire to determine the sex of an offspring is as old as man is, and with the improvement in science and technology, doctors could accurately select the sex of a baby. This has generated debate from legal, social, and ethical perspectives, for and against the prohibition of sex selection for social reason in Nigeria. Adopting a critical experimental method, the paper argues that the criminalization of social sex selection is a negation of the sociological jurisprudence in the formation of laws that guides the social actions of the Nigerian people.
An Object Oriented Intelligent Control Architecture (1992)

A new intelligent control system architecture is proposed which uses an object-oriented paradigm to decompose an intelligent control problem into objects representing sensors, a sensor manager, and a conroller. Each object is instantiated from a class, and possesses data, functions, and knowledge inherited through a class structure. In addition, each object updates its own specific state-related data and facts during system operation. The benefits of this new independent-intelligence/ object-oriented architecture include flexibility of system configuration, efficient construction of specific control application software using generic object classes for the components, and robustness. An example is described for a vision based robotic weld seam tracking system currently under development.
CQS3:a Server Selection Scheme for Mobile Multimedia Delivery (2013)

With the popularization of mobile Internet,more and more users get access to Internet applications through mobile terminal equipment.Although traditional content delivery network can improve the mobile service quality to a certain extent,it still can′t adapt to the mobility of users and meet the demand of higher experience of service.To this end,this paper puts forward a Mobility-Aware Multimedia System(MAMS),and on this basis further proposes a Client-Driven QoS-Oriented Server Selection Scheme(CQS3),in which mobile terminals measure service quality of mobile multimedia periodically,and take both the loads and comprehensive service quality grades of edge servers into consideration when selecting the best edge servers.Simulation results show that compared with closest surrogate scheme,this scheme could ensure a similar delay performance while significantly improves PSNR,and it is also well adapt to user mobility.
Properties of soybean oil bodies and oleosin proteins as edible films and coatings (2004)

Oleosins are major proteins associated with oil storage vesicles known as oil bodies in many plant seeds. These oil bodies and oleosins have recently gained attention, due to potential applications in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. The oleosin proteins coat the oil bodies making them very stable. This work studied the characterization and properties of oleosins with respect to aqueous solubility, oil body separation processing, and edible films and coatings for food products. The effects of salts, solvents, surfactants, denaturants, temperature, and pH on oleosin electrical charge, physical structure, and aqueous solubility were measured along with their effects on oil body suspension stability and oil body integrity. An aqueous separation method for oil bodies was developed based on the observation of rapid oil body coagulation induced by low levels of cationic salts. This non-solvent oil extraction procedure is a promising alternative to current edible oil solvent extraction methods. As highly protective natural barrier proteins for seed oil, oleosin-based edible films were developed to serve as moisture barriers to improve food quality. Oil body films contain both oleosin membranes and oils making them very hydrophobic. The water vapor permeability (WVP) of oil body films was 3.3-times lower than that of soy protein isolate counterparts but 67% higher than that of zein films. Mechanical properties of oil body films were effectively modified by plasticizing with Tris-HCl, Ca2+/Mg2+ cross-linking, or adding carboxymethyl cellulose. The resulting films had a wide range of tensile strength and elongation properties, varying from 0.2 MPa and 60% to 5.1 MPa and 6%, and could be engineered for specific packaging applications. More importantly, oil body film-forming mechanisms were illustrated. Oleosins are predominately β-sheet proteins associated through hydrophobic, electrostatic, and Van der Waals interactions to form films. The film-forming process and film-modifying treatments were found to affect the structure of oleosins. Specific secondary structural changes were correlated to changes in the thickness, tensile strength, elasticity, and WVP of the films. Additionally, film storage stability and coating applications to food systems were examined.
Closing the feedback loop in the half-bridge complementary-control DC-to-DC converter (2002)

The half-bridge complementary-control converter (HBCC) has been proposed as a good solution for a low-output voltage DC-to-DC converter. A study of the dynamic of this converter using a symmetrical isolation transformer has already been introduced. This paper shows a generalization of the study using an asymmetric transformer. Some practical design rules have been proposed to facilitate the design of the compensation network. Finally, a dynamic study of the peak control current mode is presented.
The importance of Stress in assessing the effects of anorectic drugs (1979)

SummaryChronic application of a mild, non-painful pressure to the tail (tail-pinch) induces hyperphagia and obesity in normal sated rats. There are a number of parallels between this phenomenon and some forms of stress-related overeating in humans. Tail-pinch induced eating, therefore, was used as a model for testing the effects of different types of anorectic agents on stress-related overeating. The paradigm involved first testing 22 to 28-hour food-deprived male rats on a 15-minute ad lib. eating test without tail-pinch to determine the degree of anorexia. Tail-pinch was then applied for 10 minutes, followed by a 15-minute post-pinch period of ad lib. food intake. The results showed that tail-pinch effectively counteracted the anorexia produced by amphetamine (0.5 to 2 mg/kg), methylphenidate (5.5 mgjkg), andmazindol (2 mg/kg), but not the anorexia produced by fenfluramine (2 to 7.5 mg/kg) or quipazine (3 to 9 mg/kg). These data suggest that fenfluramine-like compounds may be more effective anorectic agents in those cases of human overeating and obesity where stress or emotional factors are thought to play a major role.RésuméL'application chroniqued'unepression modérée, non douloureuse, faite au niveau de la queue (pincement de la queue) entraíne l'hyperphagie et l'obésité chez des rats normalement constitués. II y a un parallélisme certain entre ce phénomène et certaines formes de boulimie due au stress chez l'homme. Cette expérience a done été utilisée comme modéle pour tester l'effet de différents types d'anorexigènes sur la boulimie liée au stress. La méthodologie consistait tout d'abord à étudier des rats máles ayant jeúne de 22 à 28 heures, et qu'on laissait manger à volonté pendant 15 minutes, sans pincement de la queue, afin de déterminer leur degré d'anorexie. Le pincement de la queue fut appliqué pendant 10 minutes, après quoi ils mangeaient à volonté pendant 15 minutes. Les résultats ont montré que le pincement de la queue contrariait effectivement 'anorexie due à Vamphétamine (0,5-2 mg/kg), au méthylphénidate (5,5 mg/kg) et au mazindol (2 mg/kg) mais non pas celle produite par la fenfluramine (2-7,5 mg/kg) ou par la quipazine (3-9 mg/kg). Ces donniés laisseraient à penser que les composés comme la fenfluramine seraient les agents anorexigènes qui auraient le plus d'efficacité dans les cas de boulimie et d'obesété humaines, oú le stress et l'émotivité sont censés jouer un rôle non négligeable.
Professional learning : implementing new mathematics content (2009)

Traditionally, research has maintained a power differential between the researchers who carry out research on teachers and teaching, and the teachers who are supposedly the intended beneficiaries of the research. Oakley (1994) characterises this as the difference between research by researchers and research for those being researched. This paper examines the potential of participatory action research (PAR) as a way of balancing the knowledge of teachers and researchers, and allowing the knowledge of each to be valued. Participants in the symposium will have the opportunity to evaluate the potential effects of a range of practical strategies for establishing and maintaining effective relationships among participants in PAR projects. Examples from several PAR projects will be included to illustrate key ideas in this topic. In particular, practical examples will be used from a specific PAR project which focused on a Ministry of Education assessment package for identifying those students from a non-English speaking background who required resource funding. This project aimed to link the assessment package with the establishment of effective aims and strategies for teaching.
Interfacing Relational Databases to the Web (1999)

This document explains how to build a database-backed web site using Apache, the php3 module and the PostgreSQL relational database
Development of monoclonal antibodies that recognize Treponema pallidum (1983)

We developed a panel of monoclonal antibodies to Treponema pallidum (Nichols) antigens, some of which recognize treponemal antigens on T. pallidum (Nichols), T. pallidum strain 14, and Treponema phagedenis biotype Reiter. The antibodies were detected by either an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or a radioimmunoassay.
Targeting mast cells in gastric cancer with special reference to bone metastases (2015)

Bone metastases from gastric cancer (GC) are considered a relatively uncommon finding; however, they are related to poorer prognosis. Both primary GC and its metastatic progression rely on angiogenesis. Several lines of evidence from GC patients strongly support the involvement of mast cells (MCs) positive to tryptase (MCPT) in primary gastric tumor angiogenesis. Recently, we analyzed infiltrating MCs and neovascularization in bone tissue metastases from primary GC patients, and observed a significant correlation between infiltrating MCPT and angiogenesis. Such a finding suggested the involvement of peritumoral MCPT by infiltrating surrounding tumor cells, and in bone metastasis angiogenesis from primary GC. Thus, an MCPT-stimulated angiogenic process could support the development of metastases in bone tissue. From this perspective, we aim to review the hypothetical involvement of tumor-infiltrating, peritumoral MCPT in angiogenesis-mediated GC cell growth in the bone microenvironment and in tumor-induced osteoclastic bone resorption. We also focus on the potential use of MCPT targeting agents, such as MCs tryptase inhibitors (gabexate mesylate, nafamostat mesylate) or c-KitR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (imatinib, masitinib), as possible new anti-angiogenic and anti-resorptive strategies for the treatment of GC patients affected by bone metastases.