gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Age‐related resistance to Avian Leukosis virus I. Influence of age at exposure on mortality and congenital transmission (1980)

Groups of White Leghorn chickens were inoculated at 1 day and at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of age respectively with a mixture of leukosis viruses of subgroups A and B. The five infected groups were kept in a filtered air positive pressure house. A sixth group was accommodated separately in a similar house as a control. All birds which died or were removed were subjected to pathohistological examination; diagnosis of lymphoid leukosis was made upon either gross lesions plus microscopical lesions or microscopical lesions only. The incidence of lymphoid leukosis in the infected groups appeared inversely proportional to age of infection, i.e. the mortality due to lymphoid leukosis decreased from 54.3% in the group infected at 1-day-old to 7.4% in the group infected at 8 weeks of age. Prevalence of leukosis in the latter group may be attributed to a small number of chicks already infected vertically with the virus. Congenital transmission of leukosis virus was demonstrated in embryos in the groups infected at 1-day-old, 2, 4 and 6 weeks of age. In the latter group congenital transmission was extremely low; from 214 pooled embryo extracts (1007 embryos) only 2 (0.9%) contained leukosis virus. In the group infected at 8 weeks of age no virus was detected in the embryos. Congenital transmission of leukosis virus appeared to be related to age of infection, i.e. early infection went parallel with a high rate of transmission. The pattern of congenital transmission was erratic and the number of hens shedding leukosis virus continually was small. From the results in this trial it is concluded that both lymphoid leukosis and congenital transmission occur rarely if chickens (born free of leukosis virus) are kept free from infection during the first 6-8 weeks of life and subsequently are injected with a relatively high dose of leukosis virus.
Immunological Relationships Among Lactic Dehydrogenases in the Genera<i>Lactobacillus</i>and<i>Leuconostoc</i> (1971)

Antisera were prepared against pure nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent d -lactic dehydrogenases of Lactobacillus leichmannii, L. jensenii , and L. fermenti . When tested against these three antisera, crude extracts of almost all species of Lactobacillus containing a d -lactic dehydrogenase give cross-reactions. Extensive pairwise comparisons between cross-reacting crude extracts by double diffusion experiments permit the recognition of groups of identical antigenic specificity among the lactic dehydrogenases of the various nomenspecies of Lactobacillus . The same groups are revealed by each of the three antisera. By analyses of spur formation, the groups of identical antigenic specificity can be arranged in order of decreasing similarity to the homologous d -lactic dehydrogenase used as the reference point. From the combined results obtained with the three antisera, a map of the antigenic relationships among the d -lactic dehydrogenases of lactobacilli can be constructed. Microcomplement fixation experiments with two of the three anti- d -lactic dehydrogenases antisera support the conclusions drawn from double diffusion experiments and provide a quantitative estimation of the antigenic relationships among the various d -lactic dehydrogenases. An antiserum was also prepared against the pure l -lactic dehydrogenase of L. acidophilus group III. It cross-reacts with extracts of almost all lactobacilli containing an l -lactic dehydrogenase. With respect to species that contain both d - and l -lactic dehydrogenases, this antiserum reveals the same groups of identical antigenic specificity as do the antisera directed against d -lactic dehydrogenases. Other than the genus Lactobacillus , only extracts of Leuconostoc cross-react with anti- d -lactic dehydrogenase. No extrageneric cross-reactions were obtained with the anti- l -lactic dehydrogenase.
Effect of all-trans-retinoic acid on human skin epithelial cells in vitro. (1970)

Synopsis--A method to study GROWTH and KERATINIZATION of postembryonic human SKIN epithelial cells in cell culture is presented and the effect of all-trans-RETINOIC ACID (vitamin A acid) on the behavior of human skin cells in vitro is described. In the complete absence of retinoic acid, epidermal cell growth is markedly retarded. At low concentrations of the acid (less than 10 /g/ml), growth of skin cells is stimulated and keratin formation is decreased. At higher levels of retinoic acid (greater than 10 g/ml), all growth is strongly inhibited.
Religion, Science, and Origins: On the Metaphysics of Intelligent Design and Darwinian Evolutionism (2007)

In the US and the UK a debate has arisen over the introduction of “intelligent design theory” to school curricula as an alternative to the scientifi c orthodoxy of Darwinian evolutionism. In popular representation, the debate has been predominately articulated in terms of an apparent antagonism between science and religion. This paper examines the historical and philosophical signifi cance of the issue in order to suggest one possible route for rethinking, and perhaps reconciling, the antagonism. We argue that science and religion cannot be allocated two discrete “magisteria,” and that attempts to do so may obscure a common metaphysical nature. Finally, we show how Gianni Vattimo’s concept of ethics allows us to rethink science and religion, and we offer a practical perspective on the teaching of intelligent design in schools.
A Study of New Filter Gains for the Alpha-beta Tracker (2007)

This paper considers new filter gains for the tracker which is optimized particularly to minimize the tracking gate size. Optimizing the performance index which is composed of tracking errors due to target maneuver and measurement noise is not different from the existing method to obtain the gains. However, holding the probability 0.997 that a target exists in the tracking gate and minimizing the gate size produce the new result not similar to the existing gains.
Claims, Errors, and Compensation Payments in Medical Malpractice Litigation (2006)

Claims that lack evidence of error are not uncommon, but most are denied compensation. The vast majority of expenditures go toward litigation over errors and payment of them. The overhead costs of malpractice litigation are exorbitant.
A simple three-terminal IC bandgap reference (1974)

A circuit affording realization of a bandgap voltage reference will be presented, together with its application to a monolithic reference circuit.
Control of Humidity in Small Controlled-environment Chambers using Glycerol-Water Solutions (1992)

Solutions of glycerol and water provide a convenient and inexpensive system to control the relative humidity (RH) in small controlled-environment chambers. The relationship between the specific gravity (SG) of a glycerol-water solution and its equilibrium RH is described by the equation SG = [-0.189 (RH) + 19.9] 0.0806 . Gas can be humidified by bubbling it through jars containing solutions of glycerol-water with the desired equilibrium RH. The effects of flow rate, volume of solution, temperature, and pressure on the equilibrium RH are discussed.
PEG hydrogels as anti-fouling coatings for reverse osmosis membranes (2009)

I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to my family and friends for all of their encouragement and support during my studies.Without
Major Genetic Susceptibility for Venous Thromboembolism in Men: A Study of Danish Twins (2003)

We found differences in genetic susceptibility to venous thromboembolism between the sexes, with genetic factors playing a substantially stronger role in males than in females.
Mining behavioral groups in large wireless LANs (2007)

Recent years have witnessed significant growth in the adoption of portable wireless communication and computing devices (e.g., laptops, PDAs, smart phones) and large-scale deployment of wireless networks (e.g., cellular, WLANs). We envision that future usage of mobile devices and services will be highly personalized. Users will incorporate these new technologies into their daily lives, and the way they use new devices and services will reflect their personality and lifestyle. Therefore it is imperative to study and characterize the fundamental structure of wireless user behavior in order to model, manage, leverage and design efficient mobile networks and services. In this study, using our systematic TRACE approach, we analyze wireless users' behavioral patterns by extensively mining wireless network logs from two major university campuses. We represent the data using location-preference vectors, and utilize unsupervised learning (clustering) to classify trends in user behavior using novel similarity metrics. Matrix decomposition techniques are used to identify (and differentiate between) major patterns. We discover multi-modal user behavior and hundreds of distinct groups with unique behavioral patterns in both campuses, and their sizes follow a power-law distribution. Our methods and findings might provide new directions in network management and behavior-aware network protocols and applications, to name a few.
The adhesive strength of the palettes of males of a boreal water beetle, <i>Dytiscus alaskanus</i> J. Balfour Browne (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) (1992)

The adhesive strength of specialized setae on the palettes of male Dytiscus alaskanus was investigated by recording the mass that palettes were able to lift. Large primary and secondary adhesive setae were removed and the adhesive strength of the palette was tested. The primary and secondary adhesive setae accounted for 59.5% of the adhesive strength of the palette. The ability of the palette to hold nearly 4 times the mass of a female may be needed to overcome the force generated by an accelerating female.
Controlled Microwave Irradiation for the Synthesis of YBa<sub> 2</sub>Cu<sub> 3</sub>O<sub>7-x</sub> Superconductors (1999)

For synthesizing a high-quality YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7- x superconductor using a domestic microwave oven without any post-heat treatment, the power and time of microwave irradiation are controlled by monitoring continuously the temperature of the microwave-heated sample. The temperature is measured by means of a metal-sheathed chromel-alumel thermocouple which is installed in the oven in the proper way. The conditions of the sample inside the oven are almost the same as the sample environment proposed by Kato et al. [Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36 (1997) L1291]. The maximum monitoring temperature where crystal growth occurs rapidly for a high-quality YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7- x superconductor is shown to be about 500°C which is much lower than the maximum heating temperature in the conventional method.
Physical layer effects on the MAC goodput performance for the rate adaptive IEEE 802.11a/g WLAN (2004)

According to the IEEE 802.11n, the next generation wireless local area networks (WLAN) aim to support data rates at least 100 Mbps, as measured at the medium access control (MAC) layer. Thus, it is important to develop a cross-layer analytical model to evaluate the MAC layer goodput performance with consideration of the physical layer effects. This paper suggests such an analytical model to calculate the MAC layer goodput for the IEEE 802.11a WLAN in the Nakagami fading channel, while incorporating the effects of channel estimation, delay spread and signal detection scheme in the physical layer. Furthermore, we develop a simple and efficient channel-driven rate adaptation (CDKA) scheme to dynamically adjust the transmission parameters to maximize the MAC layer goodput. From out numerical results, we find that some physical (PHY) modes in the IEEE 802.11a are unnecessary. We also find that as rms delay spread increases, the goodput in the MAC layer can be improved due to frequency diversity. For the case of rms delay spread changing from 50 to 200 nsec with 15 dB Eh/No, the goodput is improved from 12 Mbps to 15 Mbps.
Isadora Duncan – A Preliminary Analysis of her Work (1983)

My doctoral research started with a question to which I could not find an answer. The question arose during the study of the history of modern dance in the UK from the early twentieth century to the mid-1930s. I could postulate the influence of Isadora Duncan on British dancers of the time, such as Madge Atkinson, Ruby Ginner and Margaret Morris, and in some instances I could demonstrate and describe it. However, there seemed to be no detailed material evidence to support the notion that Duncan as a modern dance innovator was instrumental in initiating a distinctive British style within the early modern dance genre. The British dancers mentioned worked independently of each other, and while some, for example Ruby Ginner, denied that the particular dance form they developed was akin to that of Duncan, others, such as Margaret Morris, acknowledged the initial influence of Duncan.
Photochemical conversion of 3H-pyrazoles to cyclopropenes and 1,2-diazabicyclo[2.1.0]pent-2-enes (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemical conversion of 3H-pyrazoles to cyclopropenes and 1,2-diazabicyclo[2.1.0]pent-2-enesGerhard L. Closs, Walter A. Boell, Hartmut Heyn, and V. DevCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 1, 173–178Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01003a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01003a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views324Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Light-Triggered Reversible Supramolecular Transformations of Multi-Bisthienylethene Hexagons (2012)

It is very challenging to realize well-controlled structural transformations in artificial supramolecules. Herein we report the construction of a novel family of multi-bisthienylethene hexagons with precise control of the shape and size as well as the specific number of photochromic units via coordination-driven self-assembly. These newly developed multi-bisthienylethene hexagons are highly sensitive and responsive to photostimuli, especially allowing for quantitative reversible supramolecular transformations triggered by light irradiation.
<title>Thermography in the condition monitoring of a refractory lining</title> (1999)

This paper is based on a research project carried out during 1997. The objective was to study how an infrared camera can be used for condition monitoring of converters in the steel industry and the conditions under which thermal scanning can be used to estimate wear of a converter's refractory lining. The objects of the study were the chrome converter of Outokumpu Polarit Oy and the LD-converter (BOF) of Rautaruukki Oy Raahe Steel. The condition of the refractory lining of a converter is presently monitored by periodically measuring the wear of the wall with a laser measuring device during shutdowns or between heats. A breakout of the lining is very costly due to resulting interruptions of the manufacturing process. The study was implemented by carrying out a series of tests at both production plants. Wear of the converters was measured using laser measuring equipment. The surface temperature distribution of the converters was measured simultaneously. The results of the laser measurements and thermal scanning were compared. On the basis of the results of this study, it is possible to increase and intensify the use of thermal scanning in condition monitoring of processes of the steel industry or as a process monitoring instrument. Thermal scanning has the significant advantage over other thickness measuring methods that the process need not be interrupted for measuring. The research project will continue in 1999.
[Study of membrane glycoproteins of human erythrocytes using lectins]. (1988)

A method to study the glycoprotein composition of cell membranes, in particular of human red blood cells, has been developed. It includes the separation of membrane components by the SDS-polyacrylamide gradient slab gel electrophoresis, electroblotting of the phoretograms onto the nitrocellulose sheets and detection of glycoprotein fractions with FITC and peroxidase labeled lectins. PNA detected asialoglycoproteins with O-linked oligosaccharide chains, corresponding to all the PAS-positive bands of the phoretogram. SBA interacted more selectively and revealed only certain PAS-positive bands. Glycoproteins with N-linked carbohydrate chains were PAS-negative and can be identified only by the interaction with WGA, LCL, RCA. Group-specific agglutinins have shown that the ABO antigenic determinants are located in N-linked carbohydrate chains of membrane glycoproteins.
Synthesis of Indole Derivatives by Cyclization of Oxo <i>N</i>-Acyliminium Ions (2008)

The reaction of indole-containing hydroxamates with aldehydes in the presence of Lewis acid leads to oxo N-acyliminium ions, which cyclize to the corresponding N-O fused [1,2]oxazino[4,5-b]indole, [1,2]oxazepino[4,5-b]indole, and [1,2]oxazocino[4,5-b]indole derivatives in good yields.
Divergent Carbonylation Reactivity Preferences of Nickel Complexes Containing Amido Pincer Ligands: Migratory Insertion versus Reductive Elimination (2011)

The reactivity of a series of nickel(II) hydride, alkyl, and anilide complexes supported by amido diphosphine ligands, including symmetrical [N(o-C6H4PR2)2]− (R = Ph (1a), iPr (1c), Cy (1d)) and unsymmetrical [N(o-C6H4PPh2)(o-C6H4PiPr2)]− (1b), with carbon monoxide is described. Exposure of a benzene solution of [1a–d]NiH to carbon monoxide under ambient conditions leads to reductive elimination of diarylamine to give quantitatively zerovalent nickel dicarbonyl complexes [H·1a–d]Ni(CO)2 (2). Migratory insertion of CO into the Ni-R bonds of [1]NiR in benzene solutions affords Ni(II)-acyl derivatives [1]NiC(O)R (R = Me (3), Et (4), n-hexyl (5), 2-norbornyl (6)). Interestingly, further carbonylation of acyl 3a and 4a generates [RC(O)N(o-C6H4PPh2)2]Ni(CO)2 (R = Me (7a), Et (8a)) as a result of C–N bond-forming reductive elimination whereas no reaction occurs for 3b–c or 4b–c under similar conditions. Carbonylation of the anilide complexes [1]NiNHPh produces carbamoyl [1]Ni[C(O)NHPh] (9) as the final product irrespective of the identity of the phosphorus substituents. The decisive factors on the generation of these divergent carbonylation products are discussed.
ATP-sensitive K+ currents in cerebral arterial smooth muscle: pharmacological and hormonal modulation (1995)

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), hypoxia, and synthetic activators of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels (e.g., pinacidil and levcromakalim) cause dilation of cerebral arteries that are attenuated by the KATP channel inhibitor glibenclamide. We have identified and characterized KATP currents in smooth muscle cells isolated from rabbit cerebral arteries, using the whole cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique. Pinacidil (10 microM) and levcromakalim (10 microM) increased glibenclamide-sensitive currents about sixfold in cells dialyzed with 0.1 mM ATP. Glibenclamide-sensitive currents in the presence of pinacidil were potassium selective, voltage independent, and reduced about threefold by elevating intracellular ATP from 0.1 to 3.0 mM. External tetraethylammonium and 4-aminopyridine at millimolar concentrations reduced pinacidil-induced currents, whereas iberiotoxin, a blocker of calcium-activated potassium channels, had no effect. The vasoconstrictors serotonin and histamine also inhibited pinacidil-induced currents. The vasodilators CGRP and adenosine, in contrast, increased glibenclamide-sensitive potassium currents. We conclude that cerebral artery smooth muscle cells have KATP channels that are regulated by endogenous vasoconstrictors and vasodilators. We propose that these channels are involved in the dilation of cerebral arteries to CGRP and synthetic vasodilators.
Tool management in an electronic CAD framework (2002)

To set designers free from needing to become expert users of a baffling array of complex CAD fools, design environments, including simplified mechanisms to view and control CAD fools, emerged. Designers only need to be concerned with higher-level design tasks. In this paper we address CAD framework services, with special emphasis on tool management. We present three new tools: AUTOCAP, which deals with tool characterisation, invocation and encapsulation; STAR, which makes the task of controlling tool status trivial; and BALANCE, which offers automatic dynamic load balancing.
Fluorometric determination of samarium and gadolinium by enhancement of fluorescence of samarium-thenoyltrifluoroacetone-1,10-phenanthroline ternary complex by gadolinium (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorometric determination of samarium and gadolinium by enhancement of fluorescence of samarium-thenoyltrifluoroacetone-1,10-phenanthroline ternary complex by gadoliniumYunxiang. Ci and Zhanghua. LanCite this: Anal. Chem. 1989, 61, 10, 1063–1069Publication Date (Print):May 15, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 May 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00185a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00185a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views405Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts