gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progressiver Kollaps von Bauwerken / Progressive collapse of structures (2005)

Das Versagen eines Tragwerkselements kann zum Versagen anderer Tragwerkselemente fuehren. Auf diese Weise kann sich das Versagen als progressiver Kollaps durch grosse Teile oder die Gesamtheit des Bauwerks fortpflanzen. Es wird ein Ueberblick ueber den aktuellen Stand der Forschung im Bereich des progressiven Kollapses gegeben. Grundlagen fuer eine kuenftig regelhafte Gewaehrleistung von Resistenz gegen progressiven Kollaps werden dargelegt. Untersuchungsmethoden sowie Entwurfs- und Nachweisregeln werden diskutiert. (A) ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: Local failure of one structural element may result in the failure of another element of the same structure. Failure might thus progress throughout a part or all of the structure. The state of research on progressive collapse is reviewed. Design criteria are discussed. Investigative methods and design strategies for creating collapse-resistant structures are presented and compared. In addition to the better-known approaches providing specific local resistance or alternate load paths, an approach based on isolation of collapsing sections is described and discussed. (A)
Construction of Pseudo‐Heterochiral and Homochiral Di‐μ‐oxotitanium(Schiff base) Dimers and Enantioselective Epoxidation Using Aqueous Hydrogen Peroxide (2005)

Salen's lot: Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley reduction of [Ti(salen)(OiPr)2] (salen=bis(salicylidene)ethylenediaminato) complexes followed by treatment with water leads to the synthesis of pseudo-heterochiral and homochiral di-μ-oxotitanium dimers. These dimers, in particular (aR,S,Δ, aR,S,Δ)-dimer 1, efficiently catalyze the epoxidation of simple olefins using aqueous hydrogen peroxide (see scheme) with ee values up to 99 % and turnover numbers up to 4600.
Hepatic Blood Flow and Oxygen Consumption after Burn and Sepsis (2000)

Postburn sepsis amplifies the selective vasconstrictive impact of thermal injury on hepatic arterial blood flow, yielding a pronounced ischemia/ reperfusion injury, associated with a critical reduction of hepatic oxygen delivery and consumption. A postburn septic challenge induces portal hypertension, which may account for previously documented gut barrier dysfunction.
Synthesis and Thermal Analysis of the Strontium and Iron-doped Lanthanum Cobaltite Nano-powder Precursors (2007)

Powders of perovskite-type oxides, with the general formula La0.8Sr0.2Co1-xFexO3 (0.0<x<1.0), were synthesized by the amorphous citrate method, and chemical reactions in such a synthesis process were systematically investigated via thermal analysis. A series of decompositions of citric acid derivatives occurred at 575-750 K, and the subsequent oxidation of metal-organic amorphous compounds to perovskite-type oxides occurred at 650-850 K. The apparent activation energies for those processes in La0.8Sr0.2Co0.5Fe0.5O3 (x=0.5) were determined to be 101-105 and 45-49 kJ/mol, respectively, using a non-isothermal technique based on the Kissinger approach. The exothermic peaks of those reactions were temperature-dependent on Fe content (x), and they increased with increasing x, reaching a maximum at x=0.7-0.8, and then decreased. An X-ray diffraction analysis of samples heat-treated at 873 K for 2 h revealed that they have a single-phase perovskite structure for all compositions, with their unit cell volume increasing with Fe content (x). The obtained oxides were nanoparticles with diameters of 10 to 20 nm, which increased with Fe content (x). The amorphous citrate route was found to give excellent starting gel precursors for the low-temperature synthesis of La0.8Sr0.2Co1-xFexO3 nanoparticles.
Short‐term outcome and risk factors for post‐operative complications following umbilical resection in 82 foals (2004–2016) (2018)

Overall survival is high after surgical excision of umbilical remnants. The presence of preoperative septic arthritis and/or physitis was associated with decreased survival and failure of passive transfer of immunoglobulins and longer anaesthesia times were associated with increased odds for post-operative complications.
AC Josephson voltage standard error measurements and analysis (2003)

The Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer can be used as a precision voltage source for both AC and DC signals. Recent improvements in circuit designs have resulted in output voltages greater than 100 mV so that we can investigate AC metrology measurements in the frequency range from 1 kHz to 50 kHz. In this paper we present experimental measurements of several significant error sources that must be considered in order to create an intrinsic AC voltage standard at these frequencies. These results and the corresponding theoretical analysis allow us to move toward creating a practical AC Josephson voltage standard.
G-CSF, GM-CSF, and IL-3 Knockout Mice (2003)

Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GMCSF), and interleukin-3 (IL-3) stimulate the proliferation, differentiation, and activation of multiple hematopoietic cells. G-CSF acts primarily on mature neutrophils and their precursors, and the ability of this cytokine to promote granulopoiesis in vivo underlies its clinical application in the setting of neutropenia. GM-CSF influences a broader range of cells, including neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages, erythroid progenitors, megakaryocyte progenitors, and dendritic cells. These properties result in marked immunostimulation, and have led to clinical testing of the cytokine as a vaccine adjuvant. IL-3 augments the numbers and functions of hematopoietic progenitors, mast cells, basophils, neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils, erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, and dendritic cells.
Real-time, Near Global, Low Earth Orbit Communications using Geostationary Inmarsat BGAN System as a Relay (2010)

This paper describes a new service and related communications hardware that provides continuous, near global access to and from Leo Spacecraft utilizing the existing geostationary INMARSAT BGAN Satellite System as a data relay. This new communications link for LEO platforms will provide full duplex data rates from as low as 100kbps up to 475kbps with near-real time latencies and near global coverage. A team of Broad Reach Engineering (US), COM DEV Europe (UK), and INMARSAT (UK) is developing the terminal and service for use on LEO Spacecraft. The paper highlights some of the key features and advantages compared to traditional communications architectures and presents missions and applications, some previously impossible, that are enabled by the system. The development progress is described along with some of the challenges and solutions related to implementing the 3G based BGAN technologies on a space flight capable platform. The business case and decisions leading up to the development are discussed and the timeline for completing the development is shown.
Levels of C‐reactive protein in pregnant women who subsequently develop pre‐eclampsia (2002)

These findings suggest that the onset of clinical signs of pre-eclampsia may not be preceded by a maternal inflammatory response, as assessed by measurement of C-reactive protein.
Metamorphic reaction rate laws and development of isograds (1986)

Abstract New data on the kinetics of dehydration of muscovite + quartz suggest the necessity for a careful treatment of both surface kinetics and diffusion processes in metamorphic reactions. A new model is proposed that illustrates the relative role of diffusion and surface reactions in the overall metamorphic process. The rate law for the reaction at mineral surfaces derived from the experimental data is shown to be probably non-linear and similar to rate laws derived from Monte Carlo calculations. The experimental rate data is then used in a heat flow calculation to model the evolution of the muscovite isograd in the field. The position of the isograd, the temperature oversteps above equilibrium, and the width of ‘reaction zones’ are then analysed as a function of intrusion size and kinetic parameters.
Recycling of Polyurethane Foams Recovered from Shredder Residue via Glycolysis Process into Polyurethanes (2006)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Polyurethane (PU) foams were recovered from European and U.S. shredder residues, which typically come from automobiles and other sources of durable goods, such as appliances, furniture, construction, etc. PU foams were characterized and glycolyzed. Glycolysis products were successfully treated for the removal of select substances of concern, heavy metals, and bromine-containing compounds and propoxylated into polyols for polyurethanes with 171 and 355 average equivalent weights.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Properties of the glycolysis product and corresponding propoxylated polyols were evaluated, including their molecular weight distribution via gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The polydispersity index decreased from 5.8 to 2.1 by reaction of glycolysis product with 50 wt% of propylene oxide based on a total amount of the initiator.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The recycled polyol of an average equivalent weight of 171 was evaluated in rigid polyurethane and urethane-modified isocyanurate foam formulations. This recycled polyol exhibited self-catalytic properties, as no catalyst was needed in preparation of water-blown rigid polyurethane foams. Foams based on the recycled polyol exhibited significantly better resistance to combustion than the foams prepared from the conventional sucrose-based polyol; physical and mechanical properties of foams were similar.</div>
Hcv Treatment Challenges in Patients Co-Infected with HIV (2008)

Infection with HCV is one of the most challenging co-morbidities emerging in HIV-infected patients in the post-antiretroviral therapy era. The co-infected population differs from the HCV mono-infected population in several aspects. HIV accelerates hepatic fibrosis progression, cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and death. Co-infected patients have a lower likelihood of achieving sustained virological response to treatment compared with mono-infected ones. A growing number of co-infected patients have a past history of nonresponse or relapse along with advanced liver disease. The simultaneous treatment of HCV and HIV may be associated with the occurrence of drug interactions, overlapping toxicities, and increased incidence and severity of side effects. This population is sorely in need of treatment. State-of-the-art management requires different strategies to achieve a cure with minimal adverse events. This review focuses on specific treatment challenges encountered in the current treatment of HCV in HIV-seropositive individuals.
Point mutations in the herpes simplex virus type 1 Vmw110 RING finger helix affect activation of gene expression, viral growth, and interaction with PML-containing nuclear structures (1995)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate-early protein Vmw110 (also known as ICP0) has been implicated in the control of the balance between the lytic and latent states, but the precise mechanisms by which it exerts its effects are unknown. Vmw110 includes a characteristic zinc binding domain, termed the C3HC4 domain or RING finger, which is essential for its function. The solution structure of a related herpesvirus RING finger domain suggested that an amphipathic alpha helix might be an important functional component of the RING finger. In this paper, we show that the equivalent region of Vmw110 is important for virus growth in tissue culture and for the normal interaction of Vmw110 with nuclear structures which include the PML protein.
A case of argininosuccinate synthetase(ASS) deficiency diagnosed by the measurement of ASS with the liver biopsy specimen. (1989)

症例は43才の男性で,意識障害を主訴に,新潟大学附属病院に入院となった.血液検査では,肝機能異常は認められなかったが,血中アンモニアが高値であった.脳波では,典型的な三相波が認められた.経皮経肝門脈造影でも,大循環系との側副血行路は認められなかった.尿中および血中アミノ酸分析を施行したところシトルリンの高値を認めた.腹腔鏡下肝生検にて, argininosuccinate sythetase (ASS)の欠損を認めたが,他の四つの尿素サイクル関連酵素は,正常範囲であった.死亡後,剖検腎にてASS活性を調べたところ,正常であり, ASS欠損症TypeIIと診断された.治療は, 1日40g以下の蛋白制限と,分岐鎖アミノ酸製剤や安息香酸Naの投与を行ったが,効果を示したのは初期のみで次第に効かなくなり,発症より約5カ月後に,高度の脳浮腫を合併して,死亡した.
Handling speech input in the ritel QA dialogue system (2007)

The Ritel system aims to provide open-domain question answering to casual users by means of a telephone dialogue. This implies some unique challenges, such as very fast overall performance and large-vocabulary speech recognition. Speech QA is an error-prone process, but errors or problems that occur may be resolved with help of user feedback, as part of a natural dialogue. This paper reports on a pilot study conducted with the latest version of Ritel, which includes search term confirmation and improved follow-up question handling, as well as various improvements on the other system components. We collected a small dialogue corpus with the new system, which we use to evaluate and discuss it.
Biosynthesis of polypeptides of cytochrome c oxidase by isolated mitochondria. (1975)

Yeast mitochondria, incubated with radioactive amino acids in a "protein-synthesizing mixture" containing an oxidizable substrate and an ATP regenerating system, have been shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to incorporate label into polypeptides equivalent in molecular weight and relative amount ot those made in vivo in the presence of cycloheximide. The ability of these isolated mitochondria to synthesize "native" polypeptides was assessed by examining the incorporation of label into subunits of cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1). An analysis of immunoprecipitates formed by incubating cholate extracts of labeled mitochondria with an antiserum against holocytochrome c oxidase revealed that label was incorporated into three polypeptides of sizes equivalent to those of cytochrome c oxidase subunits I, II, and III, shown from earlier studies in vivo to be translated on mitochondrial ribosomes. Further evidence that these polypeptides made in vitro are "native" and identical to subunits I, II, and III was provided by the observation that labeled polypeptides equivalent in size to subunits I-III- ARE ALSO IMMUNO-PRECIPITATED BY ANTISERUM AGAINST SUBUNITS V plus VII, an antiserum that can precipitate subunits I, II, and III only when they are complexed to the cytoplasmically synthesized subunits, V and VII, of the enzyme. These results suggest that isolated mitochondria are capable of synthesizing three subunits of cytochrome c oxidase and assembling them into a holoenzyme.
Colonoscopy as an adjunctive method for the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome: Focus on pain perception (2010)

The degree of pain perception during colonoscopy was higher in IBS patients than in non-IBS patients. We concluded that colonoscopy can be useful in identifying IBS patients, with the additional benefit of excluding organic disorders of the lower gastrointestinal tract.
A structural approach to the design of FXR ligands (2017)

Over the last decade, the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) has emerged as a highly promising therapeutic target. The nuclear receptor is predominantly expressed in the liver, intestines, kidneys, adrenal glands and adipose tissues where it has been identified as the modulator of bile acid's signalling actions. Both free and conjugated bile acids can activate FXR, inducing its pleiotropic target genes which include those involved in bile acid homeostasis and lipid, glucose and cholesterol metabolism. FXR, like other classic nuclear receptors, comprises a ligand binding domain (LBD) connected to a DNA binding domain (DBD) via a hinge region. The 12 -helix LBD harbours a highly flexible, hydrophobic ligand binding cavity, which once bound, causes a change in structural conformation whereby corepressor complexes are released and coactivator complexes are recruited, activating the transcription of target genes. Several synthetic and semi-synthetic agonists have already been described for FXR and co-crystal structures have shown that the architecture of the ligand scaffold can have a significant impact on the specific helices involved in interactions, thus the conformation that the receptor can adopt and therefore the activation of the receptor. Efforts into the design and development of FXR agonists has escalated due to their potential benefits in treating high impact pathologies and complications such as obesity, diabetes, atherogenesis and fatty liver diseases. The aim of our work is to use molecular docking and three-dimensional quantitative structure activity relationships (3D-QSAR) to obtain insight into how modifications and additions of structural elements to the bile-acid backbone can effect FXR activation, in an attempt to develop novel bile acid analogue ligands of FXR with improved potency. To date, we have used in silico docking to place novel compounds into the FXR ligand binding pocket to identify potential interactions that will be exploited and the respective helices that will be involved in ligand-induced binding. Work has focussed also on the expression of the FXR LBD and once the comparative analysis of the ligand compounds has taken place, co-crystallisation of the LBD with the lead compound will allow us to further understand how the ligand sits in the binding pocket, what important interactions are made and how the ligand can be altered to achieve maximal receptor activation. Proposed work by our group also includes determination of whether the DBD can be expressed. Optimisation of expression methods, currently underway, may allow us to express, purify and eventually solve the previously undescribed, structure of the FXR DBD together with the LBD.
Factors Which Influence Directional Coarsening of &#947;' During Creep in Nickel-Base Superalloy Single Crystals (1984)

Changes in the morphology of the gamma prime precipitate were examined as a function of time during creep at 982 C in 001 oriented single crystals of a Ni-Al-Mo-Ta superalloy. In this alloy, which has a large negative misfit of -0.80 pct., the gamma prime particles link together during creep to form platelets, or rafts, which are aligned with their broad faces perpendicular to the applied tensile axis. The effects of initial microstructure and alloy composition of raft development and creep properties were investigated. Directional coarsening of gamma prime begins during primary creep and continues well after the onset of second state creep. The thickness of the rafts remains constant up through the onset of tertiary creep a clear indication of the stability of the finely-spaced gamma/gamma prime lamellar structure. The thickness of the rafts which formed was equal to the initial gamma prime size which was present prior to testing. The single crystals with the finest gamma prime size exhibited the longest creep lives, because the resultant rafted structure had a larger number of gamma/gamma prime interfaces per unit volume of material. Reducing the Mo content by only 0.73 wt. pct. increased the creep life by a factor of three, because the precipitation of a third phase was eliminated.
Self-Learning of Feature Regions for Image Recognition (2015)

Mobile systems are used in various environments. Thus, it is practical for image recognition systems to autonomously learn template images that are adaptive to objects in their various environments. However, learning the features of such objects requires large-scale computation and complex control. Hence, we propose an image recognition system that selects and learns regions that have a given object's features. This system is designed as a hardware/software (hw/sw) complex system with the multi-dimensional field programmable gate array (FPGA) âVocalise.â This study discusses the possibility of dynamically building image databases and of real-time learning using the proposed image recognition system. Results indicate that the learning speed of the proposed method is estimated to be 1.4 Ã 10<SUP>3</SUP> faster than that obtained with a conventional software method. This suggests the possibility of real-time learning.
Purification and characterization of a novel enantioselective hydrolase from <i>Bacillus</i><i>subtilis</i> (2002)

Screening of the micro-organisms from an in-house microbial culture repository, identified a bacterial strain bearing membrane-bound, inducible ester hydrolase activity. The strain designated as RRL-BB1 has been identified as Bacillus subtilis by 16 S rRNA typing. Its application in the kinetic resolution of several racemates, including drug intermediates, showed moderate to high enantioselectivity. The enzyme, designated as BBL, exhibited high enantioselectivity (ee approximately 99%) with acyl derivatives of unsubstituted and substituted 1-(phenyl)ethanols and 1-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)ethanols. With acyl derivatives of 2-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)propan-1-ol, moderate enantioselectivity was observed. The enzyme also showed moderate enantioselectivity with alkyl esters of carboxylic acids i.e. 2-bromopropanoic acid and 2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutanoic acid. The enzyme was purified to >90% purity from cell-free extract of RRL-BB1 with 26% overall yield. The purified enzyme exhibited hydrolase activity without any noticeable decrease in the rate of hydrolysis or the enantioselectivity profile. A specific activity of 450 units/mg protein resulted after at least a 200-fold purification of the crude cell-free extract. The key purification step was the irreversible adsorption of the salt-precipitated crude enzyme on hydrophobic resin, in the presence of a low salt concentration, and desorption of the enzyme with a linear gradient of 1% sodium cholate. The purified enzyme was a 45 kD monomer as shown by SDS/PAGE. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified enzyme was determined as Thr-Lys-Leu-Thr-Val-Gln-Thr-Arg-Asp-Gly-Ala-Leu-Arg-Gly-Thr. The N-terminal sequence did not bear any homology with other known bacterial lipases. BBL is maximally active at 37 degrees C, pH 8.0 and fairly stable up to 40 degrees C, pH 6-10. The enzyme is insensitive to EDTA but inhibited by serine protease inhibitor PMSF. Its activity (72%) was retained in the presence of the anionic detergent SDS at a concentration of 0.2% (w/v).
Switched current sigma-delta A/D converter for a CMOS subscriber line analog front end (2002)

This paper describes the design and testing of a 1-bit A/D converter based on the sigma-delta modulation principle. Unlike the conventional realisations using the switched capacitor approach, the current switching technique uses the current level as a variable. In order to check the feasibility and advantages of this technique, a first order 1-bit A/D converter and a second order 1-bit A/D converter were designed. In the first order 1-bit A/D converter a time-continuous current-integrator is used as filter. The circuit has been designed realised and tested. In the second order 1-bit A/D converter the filter is based on the analog sampling and processing of a current signal. The second order filter is implemented with class AB switched current memory cells. The design has been simulated and processed in ES2 1.5 /spl mu/m CMOS technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Anterior Knee Pain in the Active and Athletic Adolescent (2013)

Anterior knee pain (or patellofemoral pain) continues to be a source of frustration and confusion among clinicians. There is wide variation in symptom history, physical exam findings, imaging, and treatment that often confounds the use of any straightforward algorithm or decision tree. This review aims to provide an approach that partners the adolescent athlete with clinician and an experienced physiotherapist. This team approach uses available evidence to develop a treatment program that is specific to the adolescent's symptoms, body movement patterns, and activity demands.