gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Armet/Manf and Creld2 are components of a specialized ER stress response provoked by inappropriate formation of disulphide bonds: implications for genetic skeletal diseases (2013)

Mutant matrilin-3 (V194D) forms non-native disulphide bonded aggregates in the rER of chondrocytes from cell and mouse models of multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED). Intracellular retention of mutant matrilin-3 causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and induces an unfolded protein response (UPR) including the upregulation of two genes recently implicated in ER stress: Armet and Creld2. Nothing is known about the role of Armet and Creld2 in human genetic diseases. In this study, we used a variety of cell and mouse models of chondrodysplasia to determine the genotype-specific expression profiles of Armet and Creld2. We also studied their interactions with various mutant proteins and investigated their potential roles as protein disulphide isomerases (PDIs). Armet and Creld2 were up-regulated in cell and/or mouse models of chondrodysplasias caused by mutations in Matn3 and Col10a1, but not Comp. Intriguingly, both Armet and Creld2 were also secreted into the ECM of these disease models following ER stress. Armet and Creld2 interacted with mutant matrilin-3, but not with COMP, thereby validating the genotype-specific expression. Substrate-trapping experiments confirmed Creld2 processed PDI-like activity, thus identifying a putative functional role. Finally, alanine substitution of the two terminal cysteine residues from the A-domain of V194D matrilin-3 prevented aggregation, promoted mutant protein secretion and reduced the levels of Armet and Creld2 in a cell culture model. We demonstrate that Armet and Creld2 are genotype-specific ER stress response proteins with substrate specificities, and that aggregation of mutant matrilin-3 is a key disease trigger in MED that could be exploited as a potential therapeutic target.
Nanochannels on silicon oxide surface fabricated by atomic force microscopy (2010)

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of fabricating relatively long nanochannels on hard and brittle silicon dioxide surface using atomic force microscopy (AFM) based lithography. Specifically, the relationship between the applied AFM tip force and the resultant nanochannel depth was measured and analyzed. The nanochannels were fabricated by two different AFM lithographic methods. In the first method, a constant tip force was applied and the maximum channel depth achievable was about 15nm. In the second method, a gradually increasing tip force was used and a much larger channel depth of 28nm was achieved. The average depth along the entire channel length was about 15nm. Based on the current results, it can be concluded that AFM based lithography is a viable nanomachining technique for realizing long nanochannels on silicon based substrates.
Characterization of the preprotein translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane by blue native electrophoresis. (1997)

The mitochondrial outer membrane contains import receptors for nuclear-encoded preproteins and a general import pore responsible for membrane translocation of preproteins. Receptors and the general import pore have been suggested to assemble into a loose complex. However, biochemical characterization of the complex has been limited so far. We report that blue native electrophoresis separates two complexes. One complex of approximately 400 kDa contains the receptor Tom22 and the general import pore component Tom40, the other complex of approximately 120 kDa contains the receptor Tom70. A preprotein accumulated at the general import pore apparently co-migrates with the larger complex, suggesting the functionality of the complex. We conclude that the translocase of the outer membrane consists of at least two subcomplexes and that blue native electrophoresis will be a powerful tool for biochemical analysis of the complexes.
Improved Oil Recovery Based On Optimal Waterflood Pressure (2000)

Abstract The paper reviews oil recovery improvement for black oil fields with low bubble point pressure, which are developed under waterflood. The Kogalym field, located in Western Siberia, is approximately 2,400 meters true vertical depth, and produces from Cretaceous and Jurassic sand deposits. The black oil system has a bubble point pressure of 8.5 Mpa, less than 35 % of the initial reservoir pressure of 123.7 MPa. The optimal development strategy of such reservoir depends on selecting water flood elements, well pattern and flood pressure. The focus of this work is to justify an optimal waterflood pressure. In 1997-98 numerical simulation was performed on a separate waterflood pattern. A representative geological model of the pattern was constructed on the basis of comprehensive core analysis data from the well # 1037. Several development strategies were tested on the ECLIPSE model for various waterflood pressures: 24, 19 and 15 MPa. The maximum oil recovery factor (ORF) was obtained with a waterflood pressure of 15 MPa. The most economic case was with a waterflood pressure of 19 MPa. This pressure of 19 MPa is the optimal value of waterflood pressure, which is 75% of the initial reservoir pressure and exceeds the bubble point by more than 10 MPa. The analysis of the Kogalym field development for the last four years confirms these conclusions.
Pathogenesis of Posttraumatic Headache and Migraine: A Common Headache Pathway? (1997)

In recent years, research implicating biochemical abnormalities in various pathological conditions has spiralled. Headache is an area in which numerous research studies have been conducted examining biochemical alterations. We have noticed several similarities in biochemical changes reported to occur in migraine and in experimental traumatic brain injury. The most common symptom in mild head injury or mild traumatic brain injury is headache which, in many instances, resembles migraine but has a poorly understood pathophysiology. Biochemical mechanisms believed to be similar in both conditions include: increased extracellular potassium and intracellular sodium, calcium, and chloride; excessive release of excitatory amino acids; alterations in serotonin; abnormalities in catecholamines and endogenous opioids; decline in magnesium levels and increase in intracellular calcium; impaired glucose utilization; abnormalities in nitric oxide formation and function; and alterations in neuropeptides. In this paper, these proposed biochemical alterations will be reviewed and compared. Very similar alterations suggest posttraumatic headache associated with mild head injury and migraine may share a common headache pathway.
Compound A, formaldehyde and methanol concentrations during low‐flow sevoflurane anaesthesia: comparison of three carbon dioxide absorbers (2007)

The concentrations of harmful products in the circuit were negligible and were lower using the new-generation absorbers. Using Amsorb Plus, the temperatures in the canisters were lower than with the other two absorbers.
Clinical<i>Hepatozoon canis</i>infection in a dog in Turkey (2004)

A five-year-old female dog was presented with a four-week history of inappetence, weight loss, and skin and gait abnormalities. Physical examination revealed weakness, depression, incoordination of the posterior limbs, emaciation, skin and hair coat alterations, peripheral lymphadenopathy, pale mucous membranes and fever. Laboratory analysis of samples revealed abnormalities which included anaemia, neutrophilic leucocytosis, thrombocytopenia, low serum glucose and albumin concentrations, and increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity. The diagnosis was confirmed microscopically, by demonstrating the presence of Hepatozoon canis gametocytes within neutrophils in Giemsa-stained peripheral blood smears. Treatment consisting of toltrazuril and a trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combination was effective in relieving the clinical signs and clearing the blood of H. canis gametocytes. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first detailed clinical description of H. canis infection in a dog in Turkey.
The efficacy of the self-paced <i>V</i>O<sub>2max</sub> test to measure maximal oxygen uptake in treadmill running (2013)

The novel self-paced, cycle-based maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) test (SPV) has been shown to produce higher V̇O2max values than standard graded exercise test (GXT) protocols. This study sought to ascertain whether these observations would also be apparent in a self-paced, treadmill-based test design. Fourteen trained male runners performed a standard GXT on a motorised treadmill and a self-paced V̇O2max test on a nonmotorised treadmill in a counter-balanced design. The GXT included a plateau verification and was designed to last between 8 and 12 min. The self-paced test included 5 × 2 min stages and allowed participants to set their own running speed based on fixed increments in rating of perceived exertion. Significantly higher V̇O2max values (t[13] = 3.71, p = 0.003) were achieved in the self-paced test (64.4 ± 7.3 mL · kg(-1) · min(-1)) compared with the GXT (61.3 ± 7.3 mL · kg(-1) · min(-1)), and 13 of the 14 participants achieved the same or higher V̇O2max values in the self-paced test. Higher (p = 0.01) maximum heart rates were observed in the GXT (191 ± 10 beats · min(-1) vs. 187 ± 7 beats · min(-1)), but no differences were observed in any other recorded variables. The self-paced V̇O2max test may provide a more valid means of measuring V̇O2max than the GXT and suggests that a V̇O2 plateau during a GXT does not always signify achievement of a definitive V̇O2max. These results provide further support that self-paced V̇O2max testing produces higher values for maximal oxygen uptake.
Substitution rules for the verification of norm-compliance in electronic institutions (2005)

Electronic institutions are the agents' counterpart of human organizations, which are specifically designed for providing support, trust, and legitimacy in business applications. They function in the same way our human organizations function to create trust, prevent fraud and reduce deception by verifying rules, regulations which is as a result maintaining norms and insuring that all the participants are conforming to these norms. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for norm compliance checking in electronic institutions by introducing substitution rules that map the norms set for the electronic institution as values to normative rules that can be implemented in the protocols to govern agents' interactions.
Cellular and Humoral Response of in Ovo-Bursectomized Chickens to Experimental Challenge with Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus (1987)

Humorally deficient, in ovo-bursectomized (Bx) and sham-Bx chickens were vaccinated twice, 1 month apart, with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) Roakin strain and challenged with a velogenic viscerotropic NDV strain via the oronasal route. Hemagglutination-inhibition and seroneutralization tests showed that Bx chickens had reduced antibody-mediated immunity to virus infection. In contrast, they had significantly higher cell-mediated immunity (CMI) before challenge, as estimated simultaneously by determination of blastogenic capacity of peripheral blood lymphocytes induced by phytohemagglutinin and by specific antigen stimulation. After virus challenge, there was transitory inhibition of CMI based on marked reductions in levels of stimulation indices, and this impairment in CMI was supported by persistence of virus in Bx chickens for longer periods. Bx chickens resisted challenge, even though antibody titers were well below those considered predictive of resistance to challenge, suggesting that CMI provides a degree of resistance to velogenic NDV.
Review: Host Defense‐A Role for the Amino Acid Taurine? (1998)

Taurine (2-aminoethane sulphonic acid), a ubiquitous beta-amino acid is conditionally essential in man. It is not utilized in protein synthesis but found free or in some simple peptides. Derived from methionine and cysteine metabolism, taurine is known to play a pivotal role in numerous physiological functions. Some of the roles with which taurine has been associated include osmoregulation, antioxidation, detoxification and stimulation of glycolysis and glycogenesis. Intracellular taurine is maintained at high concentrations in a variety of cell types and alteration of cell taurine levels is difficult. The role of taurine within the cell appears to be determined by the cell type. Recent research has determined a regulatory role for taurinechloramine, the product formed by the reaction between taurine and neutrophil derived hypochlorous acid on macrophage function. Plasma taurine levels are also high, although decreases are observed in response to surgical injury and numerous pathological conditions including cancer and sepsis. Supplementary taurine replenishes decreased plasma taurine. Although commonly used as a dietary supplement in the Far East, the potential advantages of dietary taurine supplementation have not as yet been fully recognized in the Western World; this is an area which could prove to be beneficial in the clinical arena.
MDCT Angiography of the Renal Arteries in Patients with Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis: Implications for Renal Artery Stenting with Distal Protection (2007)

Significant anatomic differences exist between the left and right renal arteries, between the renal arteries in men and those in women, and from one person to the next. Many of these differences are relevant to the design and use of distal protection devices in stenting of the renal arteries.
Huperzin A a jiné přírodní látky v léčbě Alzheimerovy choroby (2011)

Alzheimerova choroba je postupný neurodegenerativni proces, který postihuje znacne procento populace zejmena ve věku nad 65 let. 
Nemoc je spojena s deficity a poruchami řady neurotransmiterových systemů, zejmena systemu cholinergniho. Jako terapeuticky nejslibnějsi 
latky se v soucasne době jevi inhibitory acetylcholinesterazy (AChE) a butyrylcholinesterazy (BChE). I mezi latkami přirodniho 
původu jsou inhibitory těchto enzymů a mnohe z nich jsou ucinnějsi než ty použivane v lekařske praxi. Napřiklad huperzin A ma silnějsi 
ucinky a vykazuje výhodnějsi farmakokineticke vlastnosti než soucasna leciva.
ROENTGEN DIAGNOSIS OF INTESTINAL AMEBIASIS (1967)

Examples are shown of amebiasis in which unusual roentgen features resemble
Characterization of the calcium binding to spectrins (1992)

Calcium binding to brain and erythrocyte spectrins was studied at physiological ionic strength by a calcium overlay assay and aqueous two-phase partitioning. When the spectrins were immobilized on nylon membranes by slot blotting, the overlay assay showed that even though both spectrins bound 45Ca2+, the brain protein displayed much greater affinity for calcium ions than erythrocyte spectrin did. Since the observed binding was weaker than that displayed by calmodulin under similar conditions, the overlay assay results indicated that the binding must be weaker than 1 microM. The phase partition experiments showed that there are at least two sites for calcium on brain spectrin and that calcium binding to one of these sites is reduced significantly by magnesium ions. From the partition isotherm, the dissociation constants were estimated as 50 microM for the Mg(2+)-independent site and 150 microM for the Mg(2+)-dependent site. The phase partition results also showed that erythrocyte spectrin bound calcium ions at least 1 order of magnitude weaker. By examining calcium binding to slot-blotted synthetic peptides, we identified two binding sites in brain spectrin. One mapped to the second putative calcium binding site (EF-hand) in alpha-spectrin and the other to the 36 amino acid residue long insert in domain 11. In addition, a tryptic fragment derived from the C-terminal of erythrocyte alpha-spectrin, which contained the two postulated EF-hands, also bound calcium. These findings suggest that the calcium signal system may also involve direct binding of calcium to spectrin beside known calcium modulators such as calmodulin and calpain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Electronic Energy Band Structure of Silicon and Germanium (1955)

This article, which is of a tutorial character, is concerned with three broad subjects: (a) the theory of electronic energy bands in a perfect crystal; (b) the electronic energy band structure of silicon and germanium crystals; and (c) the relationship between some of the electrical and optical properties of these crystals and their energy band schemes. The article is essentially an introduction to the quantum theory of crystals, with silicon and germanium serving as illustrative examples. As such, the article should appeal particularly to electronic engineers and physicists working in the field of solid state electronics. A knowledge of quantum mechanics is probably not essential to the understanding of major portions of this paper. The following topics are treated: crystal symmetry and crystal geometry; electronic quantum states in a perfect crystal; the energy band scheme; occupancy of the electronic quantum states; the hole concept; the effective mass tensor; velocity and acceleration of electrons and holes; the spin-orbit interaction and its consequences; the energy band structures of silicon and germanium; the band structure of germanium-silicon alloys; theory of lattice vibrations; the phonon concept; collisions between electrons or holes and phonons; the electrical conductivity; optical absorption and emission processes.
Identification of Novel Domains within Sox-2 and Sox-11 Involved in Autoinhibition of DNA Binding and Partnership Specificity (2003)

Sox transcription factors play key regulatory roles throughout development, binding DNA through a consensus (A/T)(A/T)CAA(A/T)G sequence. Although many different Sox proteins bind to this sequence, it has been observed that gene regulatory elements are commonly responsive to only a small subset of the entire family, implying that regulatory mechanisms exist to permit selective DNA binding and/or transactivation by Sox family members. To identify and explore the mechanisms modulating gene activation by Sox proteins further, we compared the function of Sox-2 and Sox-11. This led to the discovery that Sox proteins are regulated differentially at multiple levels, including transactivation, protein partnerships with Pit-Oct-Unc (POU) transcription factors, and DNA binding autoregulation. Specifically, we determined that Sox-11 activates transcription more strongly than Sox-2 and that the transactivation domain of Sox-11 is primarily responsible for this capability. Additionally, we demonstrate that the Sox-11 DNA binding domain is responsible for selective cooperation with the POU factor Brn-2. This requirement cannot be replaced by the DNA binding domain of Sox-2, indicating that the DNA binding domain of Sox proteins is critical for Sox-POU partnerships. Interestingly, we have also determined that a conserved domain of Sox-11 has the novel capability of autoinhibiting its ability to bind DNA in vitro and to activate gene expression in vivo. Our findings suggest that the autoinhibitory domain can repress promiscuous binding of Sox-11 to DNA and plays an important role in regulating the recruitment of Sox-11 to specific genes.
Rate Control for Consistent Objective Quality in High Efficiency Video Coding (2013)

Since video quality fluctuation degrades the visual perception significantly in multimedia communication systems, it is important to maintain a consistent objective quality over the entire video sequence. We propose a rate control algorithm to keep the consistent objective quality in high efficiency video coding (HEVC), which is an upcoming standard video codec. In the proposed algorithm, the probability density function of transformed coefficients is modeled based on a Laplacian function that considers the quadtree coding unit structure, which is one of the characteristics of HEVC. In controlling the video quality, distortion-quantization and rate-quantization models are derived by using the Laplacian function. Based on those models, a quantization parameter is determined to control the quality of the encoded frames where the fluctuation of video quality is minimized and the overflow and underflow of buffer are prevented. From the simulation results, it is shown that the proposed rate control algorithm outperforms the other conventional schemes.
Failure of exogenous prostaglandin to afford complete protection against acetaminophen‐induced hepatotoxicity in the rat (1985)

The protective effect of 16, 16-dimethylprostaglandin E2 (dm-PGE2) against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity was determined in the rat. The dm-PGE2 was administered at two dose levels both before and after acetaminophen administration. The hepatotoxicity was evaluated by a rise in serum transaminases 24 h after acetaminophen administration and by histological examination of liver preparations. The urinary acetaminophen and its metabolites were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The results suggest that exogenous dm-PGE2 administration had a modest protection against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity, in contrast to its well established cytoprotective effect against many noxious agents in the gastrointestinal tract. Prostaglandin treatment had little effect on acetaminophen metabolites excretion in the urine, suggesting that it did not affect the cytochrome P-450-dependent mixed-function oxidase drug-metabolizing enzyme system. The livers from dm-PGE2-acetaminophen-treated rats showed less advanced necrosis compared to those from saline-acetaminophen-treated rats. Whereas only 2 of 13 rats died in the prostaglandin-treated group, 4 of 13 rats died in the saline-treated group.
New methods for field collection of human skin volatiles and perspectives for their application in the chemical ecology of human/pathogen/vector interactions (2013)

Odours emitted by human skin are of great interest to biologists in many fields, with practical applications in forensics, health diagnostic tools and the ecology of blood-sucking insect vectors of human disease. Convenient methods are required for sampling human skin volatiles under field conditions. We experimentally compared four modern methods for sampling skin odours: solvent extraction, headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME), and two new techniques not previously used for the study of mammal volatiles, contact SPME and dynamic headspace with a chromatoprobe design. These methods were tested and compared both on European subjects under laboratory conditions and on young African subjects under field conditions. All four methods permitted effective trapping of skin odours, including the major known human skin volatile compounds. In both laboratory and field experiments, contact SPME, in which the time of collection was restricted to 3 min, provided results very similar to those obtained with classical headspace SPME, a method that requires 45 min of collection. Chromatoprobe sampling also proved to be very sensitive, rapid and convenient for the collection of human-produced volatiles in natural settings. Both contact SPME and chromatoprobe design may considerably facilitate the study of human skin volatiles under field conditions, opening new possibilities for examining the olfactory cues mediating the host-seeking behaviour of mosquito vectors implicated in the transmission of major diseases.