gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conductometric study of calcium carbonate prenucleation stage: underlining the role of CaCO<sub>3</sub><sup>o</sup> ion pairs (2015)

Calcium carbonate crystallization process, especially the prenucleation stage, has increasingly been the subject of several works. In the present work, a simple method based on electrical conductivity modeling applied to the FCP (Fast Controlled Precipitation) method data is used to highlight the role of CaCO 3 o ion pairs on calcium carbonate prenucleation stage. A good agreement was obtained between the resistivity vs pH curves estimated by the McCleskey model equation and obtained experimentally in a FCP test. Results showed that the nucleation process begins with the formation of CaCO 3 o ion pairs as pre‐nuclei as soon as the calcite‐equilibrium pH is reached. Additionally CaCO 3 o content increases with pH to form aggregates, which depend on the saturation state of the solution. Basing on our thermodynamic data, these aggregates do not form amorphous calcium carbonate ACC as an intermediate phase. They lead to the formation of stable calcium carbonate nuclei which will further evolve to crystallize. Furthermore we demonstrate that in addition to their inhibitory effect on the Ca 2+ and CO 3 2− association to form ion pairs, the two scale inhibitors sodium triphosphate (STP) and sodium polyacrylate (RPI) reduce ion pairs aggregation rate.
Deep Learning Meets Game Theory: Bregman-Based Algorithms for Interactive Deep Generative Adversarial Networks (2019)

This paper presents an interplay between deep learning and game theory. It models basic deep learning tasks as strategic games. Then, distributionally robust games and their relationship with deep generative adversarial networks (GANs) are presented. To achieve a higher order convergence rate without using a second derivative of the objective function, a Bregman discrepancy is used to construct a speed-up deep learning. Each player has a continuous action space which corresponds to weight space and aims to learn his/her optimal strategy. The convergence rate of the proposed deep learning algorithm is derived using a mean estimate. Experiments are carried out on a real dataset in both shallow and deep GANs. Both qualitative and quantitative evaluation results show that the generative model trained by the Bregman deep learning algorithm can speed up the state-of-the-art performance.
Compiler estimation of load imbalance overhead in speculative parallelization (2004)

Speculative parallelization is a technique that complements automatic compiler parallelization by allowing code sections that cannot be fully analyzed by the compiler to be aggressively executed in parallel. However, while speculative parallelization can potentially deliver significant speedups, several overheads associated with the technique limit these speedups in practice. We propose a novel compiler model of speculative multithreaded execution that can be used to reason about the overheads and expected resulting performance gains, or losses, from speculative parallelization. This model is based on estimating the likely execution duration of threads, properly takes into account the scheduling restrictions of most speculative execution environments, and can include all speculative parallelization overheads. Also, different from heuristics that attempt to qualitatively estimate potentially "good" or "bad" sections for speculative multithreaded execution, this model allows the compiler to estimate the speedup or slowdown quantitatively. Such quantitative estimate can then be used by the compiler or run-time system to make more complex and educated tradeoff decisions. We use the proposed framework on a number of loops from a collection of SPEC benchmarks that suffer mainly from load imbalance and thread dispatch and commit overheads. Experimental results show that our framework can identify on average 68% of the loops that cause slowdowns and on average 97% of the loops that lead to speedups. In fact, our framework predicts the speedups or slowdowns with an error of less than 20% for an average of 44% of the loops across the benchmarks, and with an error of less than 50% for an average of 84% of the loops. Overall, our framework leads to a performance improvement of 5% on average, and as high as 38%, over a naive approach that attempts to speculatively parallelize all the loops considered.
Bioinspired Super-antiwetting Interfaces with Special Liquid−Solid Adhesion (2009)

Super-antiwetting interfaces, such as superhydrophobic and superamphiphobic surfaces in air and superoleophobic interfaces in water, with special liquid-solid adhesion have recently attracted worldwide attention. Through tuning surface microstructures and compositions to achieve certain solid/liquid contact modes, we can effectively control the liquid-solid adhesion in a super-antiwetting state. In this Account, we review our recent progress in the design and fabrication of these bioinspired super-antiwetting interfaces with special liquid-solid adhesion. Low-adhesion superhydrophobic surfaces are biologically inspired, typically by the lotus leaf. Wettability investigated at micro- and nanoscale reveals that the low adhesion of the lotus surface originates from the composite contact mode, a microdroplet bridging several contacts, within the hierarchical structures. Recently high-adhesion superhydrophobic surfaces have also attracted research attention. These surfaces are inspired by the surfaces of gecko feet and rose petals. Accordingly, we propose two biomimetic approaches for the fabrication of high-adhesion superhydrophobic surfaces. First, to mimic a sticky gecko's foot, we designed structures with nanoscale pores that could trap air isolated from the atmosphere. In this case, the negative pressure induced by the volume change of sealed air as the droplet is pulled away from surface can produce a normal adhesive force. Second, we constructed microstructures with size and topography similar to that of a rose petal. The resulting materials hold air gaps in their nanoscale folds, controlling the superhydrophobicity in a Wenzel state on the microscale. Furthermore, we can tune the liquid-solid adhesion on the same superhydrophobic surface by dynamically controlling the orientations of microstructures without altering the surface composition. The superhydrophobic wings of the butterfly (Morpho aega) show directional adhesion: a droplet easily rolls off the surface of wings along one direction but is pinned tightly against rolling in the opposite direction. Through coordinating the stimuli-responsive materials and appropriate surface-geometry structures, we developed materials with reversible transitions between a low-adhesive rolling state and a high-adhesive pinning state for water droplets on the superhydrophobic surfaces, which were controlled by temperature and magnetic and electric fields. In addition to the experiments done in air, we also demonstrated bioinspired superoleophobic water/solid interfaces with special adhesion to underwater oil droplets and platelets. In these experiments, the high content of water trapped in the micro- and nanostructures played a key role in reducing the adhesion of the oil droplets and platelets. These findings will offer innovative insights into the design of novel antibioadhesion materials.
Purification and molecular characterization of the NAD+-dependent acetaldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase from <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> (1994)

A bifunctional 95 kDa polypeptide (EhADH2) harbouring acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase activities was purified to homogeneity from trophozoite extracts of the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Kinetic studies revealed that the enzyme utilizes NAD+ rather than NADP+ as cofactor. Km values for acetyl-CoA, acetaldehyde and ethanol were found to be 0.015, 0.15 and 80 mM respectively in the presence of 0.2 mM NAD+. The primary structure of EhADH2 as deduced from respective amoebic DNA sequences showed striking similarity to the trifunctional AdhE protein of Escherichia coli and the bifunctional AAD protein of Clostridium acetobutylicum. Alignment with a number of aldehyde dehydrogenases and alcohol dehydrogenases from various species suggested that the two catalytic functions of EhADH2 are located on separate parts of the molecule. By cross-linking experiments and electron-microscopic analysis, native EhADH2 was found to be organized in a homopolymeric fashion consisting of more than 20 associated promoters which form rods about 50-120 nm in length.
Markets as Constraints: Multilateral Incentive Compatibility in Continuum Economies (1987)

A symmetric allocation in a continuum is "multilaterally incentive compatible" if no finite coalition of privately informed agents can manipulate it by combining deception with hidden trades of exchangeable goods. Sufficient conditions for multilateral compatibility are that all agents face the same linear prices for exchangeable goods, and that indistinguishable agents face identical budget sets. The same conditions are necessary under assumptions which extend those under which the second efficiency theorem of welfare economics holds in a continuum economy. Markets for exchangeable goods emerge as binding constraints on the set of Pareto efficient allocations with private information.
Nitrones. Part IX. The synthesis and reactions of 2,3-dihydro-1,4-oxazine 4-oxide, a heterocyclic nitrone (1968)

Solutions in both chloroform and water of 4-hydroxymorpholine, when treated with a variety of oxidising agents, yielded 2,3-dihydro-1,4-oxazine 4-oxide (IV) as established by spectral and cycloaddition studies. When the solvent was removed, the heterocyclic nitrone (IV) yielded polymers, believed to have a chain-type structure (X). The nitrone (IV) behaved as a typical nitrone towards reducing agents. It was oxidised by arylhydrazines and by ferric chloride. With reactive π-bond systems it formed 1,3-cycloaddition products, the structures of which have been established by analysis and spectral data.
Genetic Engineering of Lactococcus lactis Co-producing Antigen and the Mucosal Adjuvant 3′ 5′- cyclic di Adenosine Monophosphate (c-di-AMP) as a Design Strategy to Develop a Mucosal Vaccine Prototype (2018)

<i>Lactococcus lactis</i> is a promising candidate for the development of mucosal vaccines. More than 20 years of experimental research supports this immunization approach. In addition, 3' 5'- cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) is a bacterial second messenger that plays a key role in the regulation of diverse physiological functions (potassium and cellular wall homeostasis, among others). Moreover, recent studies showed that c-di-AMP has a strong mucosal adjuvant activity that promotes both humoral and cellular immune responses. In this study, we report the development of a novel mucosal vaccine prototype based on a genetically engineered <i>L. lactis</i> strain. First, we demonstrate that homologous expression of <i>cdaA</i> gen in <i>L. lactis</i> is able to increase c-di-AMP levels. Thus, we hypothesized that <i>in vivo</i> synthesis of the adjuvant can be combined with production of an antigen of interest in a separate form or jointly in the same strain. Therefore, a specifically designed fragment of the trans-sialidase (TScf) enzyme from the <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> parasite, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, was selected to evaluate as proof of concept the immune response triggered by our vaccine prototypes. Consequently, we found that oral administration of a <i>L. lactis</i> strain expressing antigenic TScf combined with another <i>L. lactis</i> strain producing the adjuvant c-di-AMP could elicit a TS-specific immune response. Also, an additional <i>L. lactis</i> strain containing a single plasmid with both <i>cdaA</i> and <i>tscf</i> genes under the Pcit and Pnis promoters, respectively, was also able to elicit a specific immune response. Thus, the current report is the first one to describe an engineered <i>L. lactis</i> strain that simultaneously synthesizes the adjuvant c-di-AMP as well as a heterologous antigen in order to develop a simple and economical system for the formulation of vaccine prototypes using a food grade lactic acid bacterium.
PHOTOINITIATED POLYMERIZATION OF ACRYLAMIDE AND METHACRYLAMIDE (1983)

Abstract A dilatometric technique was used to obtain kinetic data for UV-photoinitiated polymerization of acrylamide and methacrylamide. In this study, benzoinmethylether was the initiator. Two mixed-solvent systems, 30% acetic acid in water (for both monomers) and 40% methanol in water (for acrylamide only) were examined. In all three systems the rate of polymerization varies with the monomer concentration to the 1.4 to 1.5 power and to the initiator concentration to the 0.4 to 0.8 power. Energies of activation are very low, less than 1.5 kcal/mol. Molecular weights estimated from viscosity measurements support the idea that chain transfer to monomer is important in the case of methacrylamide.
Cross-layer scheduler for video streaming over MPTCP (2016)

Transport protocols that can exploit multiple paths, especially MPTCP, do not match the requirements of video streaming: high average transmission delay, too strict reliability, and frequent head-of-line phenomenons resulting in abrupt throughput drops. In this paper, we address this mismatch by introducing a cross-layer scheduler, which leverages information from both application and transport layers to re-order the transmission of data and prioritize the most significant parts of the video. Our objective is to maximize the amount of video data that is received in time at the client. We show that current technologies enable the implementation of this cross-layer scheduler without much overhead. We then demonstrate the validity of our approach by studying the performance of an optimal cross-layer scheduler. The gap between the performance of the traditional scheduler versus the optimal scheduler justifies our motivation to implement a cross-layer scheduler in practice. We propose one implementation with basic cross-layer awareness. To evaluate the performance of our proposal, we aggregate a dataset of real MPTCP sessions and we use video stream encoded with HEVC. Our results show that our cross-layer proposal outperforms the traditional scheduler. Viewers not only benefit from the inherent advantages of using MPTCP (such as a better resilience to path failure) but also get a better QoE compared to the traditional scheduler.
A Simplified Realization for the Gaussian Filter in Surface Metrology | NIST (2000)

A simplified realization for the Gaussian filter in surface metrology is presented in this paper. The sampling function u u sin is used for simplifying the Gaussian function. According to the central limit theorem, when n approaches infinity, the function ( ) n u u sin approaches the form of a Gaussian function. So designed, the Gaussian filter is easily realized with high accuracy, high efficiency and without phase distortion. The relationship between the Gaussian filtered mean line and the mid-point locus (or moving average) mean line is also discussed.
Strategy for increasing hybrid electric vehicle reversibility (1997)

To achieve a low fuel consumption, the basic approach requires a minimum fuel consumption of the vehicle at steady speed which can be obtained by an efficient internal combustion engine with a low vehicle weight and size, small aerodynamic drag, and low tire rolling resistance. This steady speed fuel consumption can further be improved by using a smaller engine operating at its most efficient operating range. However, this would need an auxiliary electric motor to power assist the vehicle in acceleration and hill climbing. The next step in improving fuel consumption is the recycling of the vehicle kinetic energy during deceleration to electric energy stored in batteries. The electric motor/generator should be capable of converting the maximum kinetic energy to electric current at the rate required and, the battery pack should also be capable of absorbing the maximum of the electric current produced by the generator at the rate required.
A Fast Vehicle Borne Real-time Video Stabilization Method (2010)

This paper,the vehicle is in motion the path of the camera and in the Extraction of Vanishing Point Vanishing Point vicinity,feature point extraction is proposed,when a new vehicle for moving video image stabilization methods.First,the right to strike the edge of the road and extracting vanishing point and secondly,in the vicinity of the vanishing point to be extracted feature point and feature point set according to a relatively stable structure between the proposed guidelines from the feature matching results and verified to In addition to the prospects for movement interfere with or misuse of matching results.Last strike motion estimation vector is proposed jitter parameters and compensate for the image.Experiments show that this method is effective implementation of a vehicle-mounted video stabilization.
Constructing metabolic networks based on bipartite model within MATLAB (2010)

To analyze and visualize metabolic networks are hot in systems biology. One of essential problems is to construct metabolic networks from numerous metabolic equations automatically and reasonably. Based on bipartite model, a method of construction metabolic networks from metabolic equations was proposed and the procedural steps of MATLAB were given. The output constructed networks were checked by visualization software of biological network. The result shows this method is feasible and suitable for general requirements of construction complex metabolic networks from numerous metabolic equations. The MATLAB scripts for our methods are available online at http://bioinf.jiangnan.edu.cn/.
The Rate of Wallerian Degeneration in Cultured Neurons from Wild Type and C57BL/Wld<sup>S</sup> Mice Depends on Time in Culture and may be Extended in the Presence of Elevated K<sup>+</sup> Levels (1995)

Wallerian degeneration of severed axons is delayed in C57BL/WldS mice. We have examined this further in cultured sympathetic, sensory and CNS neurons using superior cervical ganglion (SCG), dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and cerebellar granule neurons respectively from neonatal mice. We found that the time taken for the neurites to degenerate depends upon the length of time in culture before cutting, reaching a maximum by approximately 7 days when C57BL/WldS neurites survive for > 6 days after axotomy. The onset of degeneration could also be extended in SCG and DRG neurites from wild type C57BL/6J mice. After 7 days in culture these neurites normally degenerate within approximately 12-16 h of axotomy, but in the presence of raised K+ (50 mM) degeneration often did not begin until a further 2 days had lapsed. Under similar conditions degeneration of neurites from C57BL/WldS mice was also found to be further delayed, extending survival from approximately 5-6 days to > 7 days. The L-type Ca2+ channel blockers nifedipine (5 microM) and verapamil (10 microM) both blocked the effect of raised [K+], although not completely. Thapsigargin, which raises cytoplasmic [Ca2+], and the cAMP analogue 8-(4-chlorophenyl-thio)cAMP were also able to delay degeneration, but only when added 24 h prior to axotomy. These results show that it is possible to influence the course of Wallerian degeneration and that increases in levels of cytoplasmic Ca2+ can protect neurites from its onset.
Virus culture: a practical approach (1999)

Preface 1. Cell Culture 2. Virus Isolation 3. Concentration and Purification of Viruses 4. Assays for Virus Infection 5. Electron Microscopy of Viruses 6. Virus Vaccines 7. Antiserum Production & Monoclonal Antibodies 8. Antiviral Drug Testing 9. Plant Virus Culture Index
Use of Prosthesis‐Generated Computed Tomographic Information for Diagnostic and Surgical Treatment Planning (1998)

Diagnosis, treatment planning, and prediction of a final implant-supported prosthetic outcome require precise noninvasive presurgical information. By combining the use of a clinically verified barium-coated template and interactive computed tomography (SIM/Plant, Columbia Scientific, Inc., Columbia, Maryland), the implant team can determine and address the relevant issues affecting treatment outcomes. Those issues include: implant-prosthesis incompatibility, recognition of anatomic limitations and anomalies, the need for presurgical bone augmentation, implant diameter and distribution, abutment type and angle, bone density, soft tissue augmentation requirements, accurate fee determination, and medicolegal protection. The data collection methodology and format for the Mecall and Rosenfeld prosthesis prediction analysis are discussed as part of case presentation.
Die Synthese von 4‐substituierten Bicyclo[2.2.2]oct‐1‐yl‐<i>p</i>‐nitrobenzolsulfonaten (1979)

Synthesis of 4‐Substituted Bicyclo[2.2.2]oct‐1‐yl‐ p ‐Nitrobenzenesulfonates The syntheses of the 4‐substituted bicyclo[2.2.2]oct‐1‐yl‐ p ‐nitrobenzenesulfonates 1a–2s are described.
Histone Deacetylase Activity Modulates Alternative Splicing (2011)

There is increasing evidence to suggest that splicing decisions are largely made when the nascent RNA is still associated with chromatin. Here we demonstrate that activity of histone deacetylases (HDACs) influences splice site selection. Using splicing-sensitive microarrays, we identified ∼700 genes whose splicing was altered after HDAC inhibition. We provided evidence that HDAC inhibition induced histone H4 acetylation and increased RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) processivity along an alternatively spliced element. In addition, HDAC inhibition reduced co-transcriptional association of the splicing regulator SRp40 with the target fibronectin exon. We further showed that the depletion of HDAC1 had similar effect on fibronectin alternative splicing as global HDAC inhibition. Importantly, this effect was reversed upon expression of mouse HDAC1 but not a catalytically inactive mutant. These results provide a molecular insight into a complex modulation of splicing by HDACs and chromatin modifications.
The Vocal Range of Alarm Calls in Thirteen‐lined Ground Squirrels (1984)

Abstract and Summary Sound propagation measurements and background noise measurements were conducted to assess the optimal frequency of sounds for long‐range vocal communication in thirteenlined ground squirrels ( Spermophilus tridecemlineatus ). The results show that when the source and receiver are elevated above the ground 18 cm and 6 cm respectively (elevations typically achieved by erect vocalizing and foraging ground squirrels), and the amplitude of the signal matches that produced by ground squirrels, signals 4 kHz to 8 kHz in frequency are optimal for long‐range communication. This frequency region matches that of the ground squirrel alarm call. Sound propagation measurements and estimates of sound perception suggest that the effective communicative range of the alarm call is 80–100 m. Demographic data on marked squirrels indicate that over 80 % of known close genetic relatives would reside within the vocal range of alarm calls (S chwagmeyer 1979). Zusammenfassung Laut‐Reichweite und Hintergrundgeräusche wurden gemessen, um die optimale Frequenz für vokale Kommunikation über größere Entfernung beim Erdhörnchen Spermophilus tridecemlineatus zu bestimmen. Befindet sich die Schallquelle 18 cm über dem Boden (wie typischerweise beim rufenden Hörnchen) und der Empfänger 6 cm über dem Boden (wie typischerweise beim futtersuchenden Hörnchen), dann reicht ein Signal von der Amplitude eines Erdhörnchen‐Warnrufes am weitesten, wenn es zwischen 4 und 8 kHz liegt. In diesem Bereich liegen die Warnrufe, und sie sind, gemessen an der Beantwortung, 80–100 m weit hörbar. Demographische Daten von markierten Hörnchen zeigen, daß über 80 % der genetisch verwandten und einander bekannten Hörnchen innerhalb der Stimmreichweite des Warnrufes wohnen (S chwagmeyer 1979).