gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Focusing and neutralization of intense beams (2004)

In heavy ion inertial confinement fusion systems, intense beams of ions must be transported from the exit of the final focus magnet system through the target chamber to hit millimeter spot sizes on the target. Effective plasma neutralization of intense ion beams through the target chamber is essential for the viability of an economically competitive heavy ion fusion power plant. The physics of neutralized drift has been studied extensively with PIC simulations. To provide quantitative comparisons of theoretical predictions with experiment, the Heavy Ion Fusion Virtual National Laboratory has completed the construction and has begun experimentation with the NTX (Neutralized Transport Experiment) as shown in Figure 1. The experiment consists of 3 phases, each with physics issues of its own. Phase 1 is designed to generate a very high brightness potassium beam with variable perveance, using a beam aperturing technique. Phase 2 consists of magnetic transport through four pulsed quadrupoles. Here, beam tuning as well as the effects of phase space dilution through higher order nonlinear fields must be understood. In Phase 3, a converging ion beam at the exit of the magnetic section is transported through a drift section with plasma sources for beam neutralization, and the final spot size is measured under various conditions of neutralization. In this paper, we present first results from all 3 phases of the experiment.
Probing the Oligomeric Assemblies of Pea Porphobilinogen Synthase by Analytical Ultracentrifugation (2008)

The enzyme porphobilinogen synthase (PBGS) can exist in different nonadditive homooligomeric assemblies, and under appropriate conditions, the distribution of these assemblies can respond to ligands such as metals or substrate. PBGS from most organisms was believed to be octameric until work on a rare allele of human PBGS revealed an alternate hexameric assembly, which is also available to the wild-type enzyme at elevated pH [Breinig, S., et al. (2003) Nat. Struct. Biol. 10, 757-763]. Herein, we establish that the distribution of pea PBGS quaternary structures also contains octamers and hexamers, using both sedimentation velocity and sedimentation equilibrium experiments. We report results in which the octamer dominates under purification conditions and discuss conditions that influence the octamer:hexamer ratio. As predicted by PBGS crystal structures from related organisms, in the absence of magnesium, the octameric assembly is significantly destabilized, and the oligomeric distribution is dominated largely by the hexameric assembly. Although the PBGS hexamer-to-octamer oligomeric rearrangement is well documented under some conditions, both assemblies are very stable (under AU conditions) in the time frame of our ultracentrifuge experiments.
Homicide, wounding, and battery in the fourth-century Attic orators. (2000)

<italic>Homicide</italic>, <italic>Wounding</italic>, <italic>and Battery in the Fourth-Century Attic Orators</italic> addresses the law and rhetoric of violence in fourth-century Athens, utilizing case studies from the Attic orators. The first three chapters are concerned with different aspects of Athenian homicide law. Chapter 1, Lawful Homicide, analyzes the claim of lawful homicide made in Lysias 1, and shows how Lysias manipulates statute law in an attempt to win an acquittal. Chapter 2, Homicide and the Thirty Tyrants, examines the effects of the oligarchy of the Thirty on the substance, procedure, and rhetoric of Athenian homicide law through studies of Lysias 12 and 13. Chapter 3, Homicide and the <italic> Oikos</italic>, examines two killings in Isaeus 9 and [Demosthenes] 47, and discusses the role of the victim's family in Athenian homicide law. Chapter 4, Intentional Wounding, defines the terms tra<a><ac>u</ac><ac>&d5;</ac></a> ma and pr<a><ac>o</ac><ac>&d12;</ac></a>noi a as technical terms of law. The evidence of the orators proves that the former indicates a wound made with a weapon, and the latter means 'intent,' not 'premeditation.' Lysias 3 and 4 address these questions, as well as providing evidence for the rhetoric of violence employed by litigants. Chapter 5, Battery, covers the offenses of a<?Eqn TeX style=script> ,<?Eqn TeX endstyle=script> <a><ac>i</ac><ac>&d12;</ac></a> k3ia and hubris, using as sources Demosthenes 21 and 54, [Demosthenes] 47, Isocrates 20, and Lysias frr. 75--6 Thalheim. Under Athenian law, a<?Eqn TeX style=script> ,<?Eqn TeX endstyle=script> <a><ac>i</ac><ac>&d12;</ac></a> k3ia was simple battery; hubris was an aggravated form of battery whose aggravating factor lay in the <italic>mens rea</italic> of the actor. Hubris was thus a fluid concept which was open to interpretation and manipulation by litigants. The Conclusion, Violence, Self-Help, and the Rule of Law, employs the evidence gathered in the foregoing chapters to demonstrate that the Athenian legal system represented the rule of law while simultaneously allowing a broad range of self-help. This compromise ensured the successful functioning of the system and served the interests of the individual, since Athenian litigants used the courts to further disputes as well as to settle them.
Channel Measurements of an Indoor Office Scenario for Wireless Sensor Applications (2007)

Ad-hoc networks and sensor networks, where nodes communicate with each other without fixed infrastructure, are of great importance for many industrial, environmental, and safety-related applications. The fading statistics of the propagation channels between sensor nodes are essential to determine the possible data rate, outage, and latency of sensor networks. In this paper, we present results from a recent measurement campaign that for the first time provides an in-depth analysis of the propagation channels between typical sensor node locations in office environments. We analyze the Rice factor as a function of distance and find that it is not a monotonically decreasing function. Even in pure LOS situations, Rice factors are on the order of 10 or less. This has important consequences for analysis of bit error rates, diversity order, and diversity/multiplexing tradeoff in clustered sensor networks.
Intracellular Glutathione Depletion by Oridonin Leads to Apoptosis in Hepatic Stellate Cells (2014)

Proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Induction of HSC apoptosis by natural products is considered an effective strategy for treating liver fibrosis. Herein, the apoptotic effects of 7,20-epoxy-ent-kaurane (oridonin), a diterpenoid isolated from Rabdosia rubescens, and its underlying mechanisms were investigated in rat HSC cell line, HSC-T6. We found that oridonin inhibited cell viability of HSC-T6 in a concentration-dependent manner. Oridonin induced a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential and increases in caspase 3 activation, subG1 phase, and DNA fragmentation. These apoptotic effects of oridonin were completely reversed by thiol antioxidants, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and glutathione monoethyl ester. Moreover, oridonin increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was also inhibited by NAC. Significantly, oridonin reduced intracellular glutathione (GSH) level in a concentration- and time-dependent fashion. Additionally, oridonin induced phosphorylations of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). NAC prevented the activation of MAPKs in oridonin-induced cells. However, selective inhibitors of MAPKs failed to alter oridonin-induced cell death. In summary, these results demonstrate that induction of apoptosis in HSC-T6 by oridonin is associated with a decrease in cellular GSH level and increase in ROS production.
Three New Iron(II) Thiocyanato Coordination Polymers Based on 4,4′‐Bipyridine as Ligand and the Influence of Methanol on Their Structures   (2010)

Abstract Reaction of iron(II) thiocyanate with 4,4‐bipyridine (bipy) in methanol leads to the formation of three new solvates of different composition depending on the reaction conditions: At room temperature two new ligand‐rich 1:2 (1:2 = ratio between metal and N‐donor ligand) polymorphic forms [Fe(NCS) 2 (bipy) 2 · 2MeOH] n ( 1I ) and [Fe(NCS) 2 (bipy)(MeOH) 2 · (bipy)] n ( 1II ) are obtained, whereas solvothermal conditions leads to the formation of the new ligand‐deficient 1:1 compound [{Fe(NCS) 2 (bipy)(MeOH)} 2 ] n ( 2 ). All crystal structures were determined by X‐ray single crystal structure analysis. In the crystal structure of modification 1I the metal atoms are coordinated by four bridging bipy ligands, which connect them into layers. The methanol molecules occupy voids in the structure. Compared to 1I in modification 1II the crystal structure contains of linear Fe–bipy–Fe chains, which are further connected by hydrogen bonds between coordinating MeOH and noncoordinated bipy ligands into layers. The ligand‐deficient 1:1 compound 2 shows a completely different coordination topology with linear Fe–bipy–Fe chains, which are connected by coordinating methanol molecules into double‐chains. In all compounds the thiocyanato anions are terminal N ‐bonded to the metal atoms. Investigation of the thermal behavior of compound 1I shows a two‐step decomposition, in which ligand‐deficient intermediates are formed. Magnetic measurements on 1I reveal Curie–Weiss paramagnetism with increasing antiferromagnetic interactions on cooling.
Laser cutting : Fundamentals of the periodic striations and their on-line detection (1997)

The burning mechanism which occurs in oxygen assisted laser cutting of mild steel and the resulting periodic cut edge striations are under consideration in this study. The average wavelength of the ...
114. IMMEDIATE TISSUE TRANSFER MAY BE SUPERIOR TO PRIMARY WOUND CLOSURE IN INTERNAL HEMIPELVECTOMY PROCEDURES (2011)

Purpose: Resection of pelvic sarcoma with limb preservation (internal hemipelvectomy) is a major undertaking. Resection requires large areas of soft-tissue to be removed. Because of wound complications, we manage these defects with immediate tissue transfer (ITT) at the time of resection when a large defect is anticipated. This study compares the outcomes of ITT with primary wound closure (PWC).

Method: Twenty patients undergoing 22 separate procedures (1995–2007) were identified in our prospectively maintained database. Demographics, tumour type, operative data and complications, and functional scores (MSTS-1993, TESS) were collected.

Results: Twelve defects were managed with ITT, nine with pedicled myocutaneous vertical rectus abdominis (VRAM) flaps (one received double VRAM flaps due to the large defect), two with tensor fascia lata (TFL) rotation flaps (one augmented by local V-Y advancement, the other with gluteus maximus rotation flap) and one received latissimus dorsi free tissue transfer. Four wound complications necessitated operative intervention in this group: two debrided VRAM flaps went on to heal and the two TFL flaps required revision: one to VRAM flap and the other to a latissimus dorsi free flap which ultimately suffered chronic infection and hindquarter amputation was performed. Ten defects were managed with PWC, and 5 wound complications occurred, all five suffered infection, one developed hematoma and one dehisced. One wound resolved with debridement, two healed after revision to pedicled gracilis and gluteus maximus myocutaneous flaps. Two patients were converted to hindquarter amputation due to chronic infection. Functional scores were collected on 8 of 12 living patients, at time of writing. The mean TESS scores were 83 and 73 in the ITT and PWC groups. Five patients in the ITT and 3 in the PWC group were deceased.

Conclusion: Soft-tissue closure following pelvic sarcoma resection remains a difficult challenge, and our experience reflects that. There were fewer wound complications (33% v 50%) and slightly better function with ITT than PWC, but this was not statistically significant due to the small size of our study. Although small, this study suggests ITT should be considered whenever a large soft tissue defect is anticipated.
A statistical study of faint radio sources at 81.5 MHz – I. The data (1980)

We have used the method of interplanetary scintillations (IPS) together with the technique of background deflection analysis (<it>P</it>(<it>D</it>)) to determine the mean angular size and the sky density of scintillating radio sources in the range 2–3 Jy at 81.5 MHz. We find that the radio power from a high proportion of the sources in this range comes from one or two components of angular diameter about 0.7 arcsec.
Phase II Study of Paclitaxel and Carboplatin in Patients With Advanced Gastric Cancer (2003)

5-Fluorouracil-based combination chemotherapy is commonly used in patients with advanced gastric cancer, but results with such therapy are fairly modest. Evaluation of newer agents is therefore required in this disease. Paclitaxel has shown promising activity as a single agent in gastric cancer. In vitro, paclitaxel exhibits sequence-dependent synergy with platinum compounds against gastric cancer. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of combination carboplatin and paclitaxel in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Twenty-seven patients with measurable or evaluable advanced gastric cancer were enrolled on the study from April 1996 to July 2000. Patients were treated with paclitaxel 200 mg/m intravenously during 3 hours followed by carboplatin at projected area under the curve 5 mg x h x ml (as per the Calvert formula). Twenty-six patients were assessable for toxicity, and 25 patients were assessable for objective response. Nine of the 27 enrolled patients had a major response for an objective response rate of 33% (95% CI 0.17-0.54) by intention-to-treat analysis. The median response duration was 4.9 months (95% CI 2.8-7.3), and median survival was 7.5 months. The 1-year survival rate was 23%. One hundred seventeen courses were administered with a median of four courses per patient administered. The major toxicity was neutropenia, with grade III to IV neutropenia observed in 9 patients (33%) and neutropenic fever in only 1 patient. Grade III peripheral neuropathy developed in two patients, and grade III myalgia and grade III fatigue developed in one patient each. There were no treatment-related deaths. The combination of carboplatin and paclitaxel is a highly tolerable, regimen with activity comparable to that of other regimens in advanced gastric cancer. This regimen needs to be further evaluated in combination with other agents and as a component of multimodality therapy in gastric cancer.
Microbial Toxin Sensor System Using Bioluminescence (1995)

Environmental pollution has become a serious problem and the detection of toxic compounds in the environment has therefore become essential for the protection of ouf well-being Determination of the severity of pollution is complicated by the difficulty of evaluating the thet of various pollutants to the environment and v the fd chainthumansRapid sensitive and simple methods for the detection oftxinsarethusrequired and microbial sensors are thought to be one of the most apPropre devices for thisl2)Cnventinalmethdsusing microbes for the detection of toxic compounds usually require a complex procedure involving Pre-treatment of the sample to be analyzedIn this
Creating and reasoning over scene descriptions in a physically realistic simulation (2015)

Physical awareness is typically taken as a prerequisite for human-level performance of any agent in a physical environment. To perform basic planning and navigation, such an agent must have the ability to assess, represent, and describe aspects of a physical scene, so that relevant reasoning can then be carried out. We describe our framework for this assessment-to-reasoning sequence of tasks, and show how a description of a physical scene can be obtained by an agent that only has direct access to sensory-level information about the world it inhabits (the simulation environment PAGI World), and how that agent can integrate this knowledge with an analogico-deductive reasoner (ADR).
Internal macrobioerosion on five species of Acropora following the 1998 bleaching event: Implications for the long-term impact of bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef (2013)

While bleaching events have received wide public attention, little attention has been given to the follow on effects on coral reefs. Bleached colonies of five species of Acropora of known age were sampled to study rates and agents of internal bioerosion at two sites on the southern Great Barrier Reef. The dominant erosion agents were worms and sponges and up to 23% of branches were eroded after 37 months. Significant differences were exhibited between species and between sites in terms of the animals responsible for internal erosion. The significance of bleaching and subsequent death of coral colonies is discussed with regard to their increased susceptibility storm damage and the loss of associated fish and invertebrates dependent on these habitat forming corals.
Targeted nanoparticle contrast agents for vascular molecular imaging and therapy (2007)

MRI exploits the differential responses of biologic tissues to an application of electromagnetic radiofrequency (RF) pulses within a strong static magnetic field (B0).11 Specifically, MRI is dependent on response signals of protons within the interrogated biologic tissue. After application of theB0 field, a net alignment of the proton spins along the direction of the field results. A short RF pulse is then applied, leading to a weak, transient oscillatory magnetic field (B1) perpendicular to the B0 field. The proton spins will rotate around the applied transverse B1 field but once the B1 field is turned off, the spins return to a rotation about the B0 field.
ChemInform Abstract: HYDROGENATION OF XYLOSE TO XYLITOL (1974)

Abstract Untersucht wurde die Hydrierung von Xylose (I) zu Xylit (II) in Gegenwart von Raney‐Nickel in Abhängigkeit von Druck, Temperatur, Katalysatorkonzentration und Rührgeschwindigkeit.
PAS/LOV proteins (2008)

The light, oxygen or voltage (LOV) domain belongs to the Per-ARNT-Sim (PAS) superfamily of domains, and functions with the flavin chromophore as a module for sensing blue light in plants and fungi. The Arabidopsis thaliana PAS/LOV proteins (PLPs), of unknown function, possess an N-terminal PAS domain and a C-terminal LOV domain. Our recent analysis using yeast two-hybrid and Escherichia coli protein production systems reveals that the interactions of Arabidopsis PLPs with several proteins diminish under blue light illumination and that the PLP LOV domain may bind to a flavin chromophore. These results suggest that PLP functions as a blue light receptor. Homologs of PLP exist in rice, tomato and moss. The LOV domains of these PLP homologs form a distinct group in phylogenetic analysis. These facts suggest that PLP belongs to a new class of plant blue light receptor.
Models of G-protein coupled receptors revised for family-wide compliance with experimental data. A new sequence accommodation suggested for helix G. (1995)

The G-protein coupled receptors form a vast superfamily. The hydrophobic sequences of the transmembrane regions can be consistently and unambiguously aligned for nearly all, even distantly related, members owing to striking conserved patterns. As the fold is highly conserved in evolution, a model of the structure of the transmembrane helix bundle built for any individual receptor will thus be of family-wide relevance. Consequently the model must comply with key results experimentally obtained for other individual receptors. Meeting this demand can greatly reduce the uncertainties in modelling G-protein coupled receptors. This present communication shows how our recent template model based on the backbone structure of bacteriorhodopsin is revised according to that demand. Although it turns out to be in accordance with the experimental data in most of its parts, this revision suggests a sequence accommodation to helix G that is different from all other published models.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy as a prophylactic and treatment against ileus and recurrent intestinal obstruction soon after surgery to relieve adhesive intestinal obstruction (2007)

HBO therapy may have a prophylactic effect on postoperative paralytic ileus and may be of therapeutic benefit in the management of early recurrent adhesive intestinal obstruction following surgery to relieve adhesive intestinal obstruction.
Interpolated Gaussian scale-space filters (2002)

Computationally efficient interpolated Gaussian scale-space filters are introduced. The proposed scale-space filters incorporate multirate signal-processing methods and are realized using multistage filter structures. The scale-space filters can also be used in decimating the data, if desired. The proposed filtering methods require dramatically less computation than conventional Gaussian scale-space filtering, especially where the scale changes with an integer factor. The filters are extremely efficient when the change in scale is an integer power of an integer constant.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
All-Electric Experimental Twin Houses: The Ultimate Demand Management TestingTool (2013)

The objective of this paper is to present Hydro-Quebec's new test bench: a pair of identical all-electric cottages built at its research laboratory's site (LTE) and how it could be the ultimate demand management testing tool! In regions, like Quebec, where electricity is the main source of energy for space and water heating, every single use of energy inside a house has an impact on the space heating load (internal heat gain) and thus, the most efficient way, for the utility, to estimate the effect of a demand management strategy is to take the whole-house approach.
Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray studies of<i>Lactobacillus jensenii</i>enolase (2010)

Recombinant Lactobacillus jensenii enolase fused to a C-terminal noncleavable His tag was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified and crystallized by sitting-drop vapor diffusion. A complete data set was collected to 3.25 A resolution. The crystals belonged to space group I4, with unit-cell parameters a=b=145.31, c=99.79 A. There were two protein subunits in the asymmetric unit, which gave a Matthews coefficient VM of 2.8 A3 Da(-1), corresponding to 55.2% solvent content.
Estimation of load side position in indirect drive robots by sensor fusion and kalman filtering (2010)

In indirect drive robot joint, discrepancies exist between the motor side and the load side due to joint flexibilities. Thus, sensor signals may not precisely represent the actual information of interest. In this paper, estimation algorithms for load side information of the indirect robot joint are investigated. Low-cost MEMS sensors, such as gyroscopes and accelerometers, are installed on the load side. Measurement dynamics are incorporated into the model to deal with the sensor noise and bias. Kalman filtering methods are designed based on the extended dynamic/kinematic model using the fusion of multiple sensor signals. Specific issue related to the noise covariance adaptation is studied. The effectiveness of the proposed schemes is experimentally demonstrated and also confirmed in the friction compensation.