gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epigenetics of the vascular endothelium (2010)

Classical models of transcription in vascular endothelial cells, specifically the cis/trans paradigm, have limitations. For instance, how does the environment have chronic effects on gene expression in endothelial cells after weeks or years? When an endothelial cell divides, how is this information transmitted to daughter cells? Epigenetics refers to chromatin-based pathways important in the regulation of gene expression and includes three distinct, but highly interrelated, mechanisms: DNA methylation, histone density and posttranslational modifications, and RNA-based mechanisms. Together they offer a newer perspective on transcriptional control paradigms in vascular endothelial cells and provide a molecular basis for understanding how the environment impacts the genome to modify disease susceptibility. This alternative viewpoint for transcriptional regulation allows a reassessment of the cis/trans model and even helps explain some of its limitations. This review provides an introduction to epigenetic concepts for vascular biologists and uses topical examples in cell biology to provide insight into how cell types or even whole organisms, such as monozygotic human twins with the same DNA sequence, can exhibit heterogeneous patterns of gene expression, phenotype, or diseases prevalence. Using endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) as an example, we examine the growing body of evidence implicating epigenetic pathways in the control of vascular endothelial gene expression in health and disease.
MP50-07 CLINICAL FEATURES OF LEIOMYOSARCOMA OF THE URINARY BLADDER: ANALYSIS OF 183 CASES. (2014)

You have accessJournal of UrologyBladder Cancer: Natural History & Pathophysiology1 Apr 2014MP50-07 CLINICAL FEATURES OF LEIOMYOSARCOMA OF THE URINARY BLADDER: ANALYSIS OF 183 CASES. Dayron Rodríguez, Mark A. Preston, Glen W. Barrisford, and Adam S. Feldman Dayron RodríguezDayron Rodríguez More articles by this author , Mark A. PrestonMark A. Preston More articles by this author , Glen W. BarrisfordGlen W. Barrisford More articles by this author , and Adam S. FeldmanAdam S. Feldman More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2014.02.1128AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail Introduction and Objectives Experience with management of urinary bladder leiomyosarcomas is rare. Therefore, in order to better elucidate the disease characteristics of urinary bladder leiomyosarcomas we utilized a large population-based cancer registry to examine the epidemiology, natural history, pathological characteristics, prognostic factors and treatment outcomes. Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (1973-2010) was used to identify cases by tumor site and histology codes. The association between clinical and demographic characteristics and long-term survival was examined. Results A total of 183 histology confirmed cases were identified between 1973 and 2010. The annual age-adjusted incidence rate was 0.23 cases per 1,000,000, and did not significantly change over time. Median age of the patients was 65 years (range 7–94). Of the patients with a known tumor stage (N = 164), 50% had a regional or distant stage; 63.2% of patients with known histology grade (N = 106), had poorly or undifferentiated histology. The majority of patients (92.9%) received cancer directed surgery, with 34.4% having radical or partial cystectomy. Only 7.7% of patients received radiation therapy in combination with surgery. The median disease specific survival was 46 months. Five and ten-year cancer specific survival rates were 47%, and 35%. On multivariate analysis, a worst outcome was associated with increasing age, an undifferentiated tumor grade, distant stage, and failure to undergo cancer directed surgery. Conclusions This series represents the largest cohort of leiomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder studied to date. Leiomyosarcoma commonly presented as high grade and advanced stage with a poor prognosis. A worst outcome was associated with increasing age, an undifferentiated tumor grade, distant stage, and failure to undergo cancer directed surgery. © 2014FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 191Issue 4SApril 2014Page: e496 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2014MetricsAuthor Information Dayron Rodríguez More articles by this author Mark A. Preston More articles by this author Glen W. Barrisford More articles by this author Adam S. Feldman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Test Generation for Programmable Logic Arrays (1982)

The problem of fault detection and test generation for programmable logic arrays (PLAs) is investigated. The effect of actual physical failures is viewed in terms of the logical changes of the product terms (growth, shrinkage, appearance and disappearance) constituting the PLA. Methods to generate a minimal single fault detection test set (T /sub S/) from the product term specification of the PLA, are presented. It is shown that such a test set can be derived using a set of simple, easily implementable algorithms. Methods to augment Ts in order to obtain a multiple fault detection test set (T /sub M/) are also presented.
Characterization of cyclin B1 expression in human cancer cell lines by a new three-parameter BrdUrd/Cyclin B1/DNA analysis (1998)

Flow cytometric cyclin expression/DNA content analysis, now commonly used, provides useful information on the mechanisms regulating cell cycle progression. However, this biparametric analysis does not make a clear-cut distinction between G1 and S-early or between S-late and G2M phase cells. This paper proposes a new three-parameter flow cytometric method with which to determine cyclin B1 levels in single cells in different cell cycle phases by coupling bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) immunodetection and DNA content. DNA denaturation by HCl did not alter the level of cyclin B1. Differences in cyclin B1 expression were observed in seven human cancer cell lines of different origin. The percentage of cyclin B1-positive cells and the cyclin B1 content per cell indicated different patterns. In some cases cyclin B1 accumulation preceded the G2M checkpoint, at which its content usually started to rise. Using available easily reproducible techniques, this flow cytometric approach gives details of intracellular variability in cyclin expression.
Artificial Heart and Self-making (2005)

Artificial heart (AH) study has been started in 1957. After the accomplishments of various difficulties, the AH can become to use clinically as a postcardiotomy cardiac assist or bridge to heart transplantation. However, there remain many obstacles to realize an implantable total artificial heart. The history of AH was the self-making. Although self-making is important in all the experimental sciences, it is the most important factor to develop AH.In this paper, the author would like to introduce the present status of AH and the importance of self-making.
Reconstruction of the Evolutionary History and Dispersal of Usutu Virus, a Neglected Emerging Arbovirus in Europe and Africa (2016)

Usutu virus (USUV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus of the Japanese encephalitis virus antigenic group, caused massive bird die-offs, mostly in Europe. There is increasing evidence that USUV appears to be pathogenic for humans, becoming a potential public health problem. The emergence of USUV in Europe allows us to understand how an arbovirus spreads, adapts, and evolves in a naive environment. Thus, understanding the epidemiological and evolutionary processes that contribute to the emergence, maintenance, and further spread of viral diseases is the sine qua non to develop and implement surveillance strategies for their control. In this work, we performed an expansive phylogeographic and evolutionary analysis of USUV using all published sequences and those generated during this study. Subsequently, we described the genetic traits, reconstructed the potential pattern of geographic spread between continents/countries of the identified viral lineages and the drivers of viral migration, and traced the origin of outbreaks and transition events between different hosts.
LibGuides: Marketing: Market Research (2011)

This is a guide to marketing information available at the HKUST Library and on the Internet.
Influence of the Incorporation of 1‐(2,3‐Dideoxy‐β‐D‐Erythro‐Hexopyranosyl)‐Thymine on the Enzymatic Stability and Base‐Pairing Properties of Oligodeoxynucleotides (1992)

Abstract 1‐ (2,3‐dideoxy‐β‐D‐erythro‐hexopyranosyl) thymine was used at several positions as nucleoside substitute in the synthesis of oligonucleotides using the H‐phosphonate chemistry. A 13‐mer with one hexose nucleoside substitution at each end had equivalent hybridization properties as compared to the non‐modified 13‐mer. However, addition of a second analogue at each end or modification in the middle of a 13‐mer caused a sharp decrease in melting temperature. Substitution at the 3′‐end with two nucleoside analogues was necessary to withstand the action of snake venom phosphodiesterase.
Effects of Ambient Pressure on Combustion Behavior of an Emulsified Fuel Droplet. (1996)

An experimental study was made of the burning behavior of an emulsified fuel droplet under high pressure conditions. Fuel in water emulsions were employed, which consisted of a hydrocarbon fuel and water doped with the surfactant. The water content of emulsions was varied from 0% to 40%. Experiments were carried out at ambient pressures from 0.1MPa to 3.0MPa. The results showed that a pressure beyond which microexplosion does not take place exists, and that its value depends on the water content of the emulsified fuel. As the ambient pressure increases, the waiting time for the onset of microexplosion decreases and the intensity with which the microexplosion occurs decreases. The distribution of the waiting time is correlated with the wear out type of Weibull distribution at high pressures.
Solar UVB measurements with the double‐ and single‐monochromator Brewer ozone spectrophotometers (1996)

In this work, the new double‐monochromator version of the Brewer Ozone Spectrophotometer, especially designed for spectral UV measurements, is briefly described and its measurements are compared with those obtained by a conventional, single‐monochromator Brewer instrument. The comparison shows that the performance of the new instrument is much superior in the low UVB wavelengths (λ<305 nm), because of the much higher stray‐light rejection capability of the instrument. The conventional Brewer spectrophotometer is capable of recording accurately solar UVB spectra at wavelengths greater than about 300 nm. The error in UVB dose calculations made using data from the conventional Brewer is estimated to be of the order of +1%, while the absolute irradiances at wavelengths below 300 nm may be overestimated by more than 10%, depending on the measured wavelength and the solar zenith angle.
The Mitochondria-Regulated Death Pathway Mediates Asbestos-Induced Alveolar Epithelial Cell Apoptosis (2003)

The mechanisms underlying asbestos-induced pulmonary toxicity are not fully understood. Alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) apoptosis by iron-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one important mechanism implicated. The two major pathways regulating apoptosis include (i) the mitochondrial death (intrinsic) pathway caused by DNA damage, and (ii) the plasma-membrane death receptor (extrinsic) pathway. However, it is unknown whether asbestos activates either death pathway in AEC. We determined whether asbestos triggers AEC mitochondrial dysfunction by exposing cells (A549 and rat alveolar type II) to amosite asbestos and assessing mitochondrial membrane potential changes (deltapsi(m)) using a fluorometric technique involving tetremethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE) and mitotracker green. Unlike inert particulates (titanium dioxide and glass beads), amosite asbestos caused dose- and time-dependent reductions in deltapsi(m). Asbestos-induced deltapsi(m) was associated with the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm as well as activation of caspase 9, a mitochondrial-activated caspase. In contrast, a lower level of caspase 8, the death receptor-activated caspase, was detected in asbestos-exposed AEC. An iron chelator (phytic acid or deferoxamine) or a hydroxyl radical scavenger (sodium benzoate) each blocked asbestos-induced reductions in deltapsi(m) and caspase 9 activation, suggesting a role for iron-derived ROS. Finally, Bcl-X(L), a mitochondrial antiapoptotic protein that prevents cell death by preserving the outer mitochondrial membrane integrity, blocked asbestos-induced decreases in A549 cell deltapsi(m) and reduced apoptosis as assessed by DNA fragmentation. We conclude that asbestos-induced AEC apoptosis results from mitochondrial dysfunction, in part due to iron-derived ROS, which is followed by the release of cytochrome c and caspase 9 activation. Our findings suggest an important role for the mitochondria-regulated death pathway in the pathogenesis of asbestos-associated pulmonary toxicity.
Geometry of the 3-Qubit State, Entanglement and Division Algebras (2003)

We present a generalization to 3-qubits of the standard Bloch sphere representation for a single qubit and of the 7-dimensional sphere representation for 2 qubits presented in Mosseri {\it et al.}\cite{Mosseri2001}. The Hilbert space of the 3-qubit system is the 15-dimensional sphere $S^{15}$, which allows for a natural (last) Hopf fibration with $S^8$ as base and $S^7$ as fiber. A striking feature is, as in the case of 1 and 2 qubits, that the map is entanglement sensitive, and the two distinct ways of un-entangling 3 qubits are naturally related to the Hopf map. We define a quantity that measures the degree of entanglement of the 3-qubit state. Conjectures on the possibility to generalize the construction for higher qubit states are also discussed.
Translocation of a semiflexible polymer through a nanopore in the presence of attractive binding particles (2015)

We study the translocation dynamics of a semiflexible polymer through a nanopore from the cis into the trans compartment containing attractive binding particles (BPs) using the Langevin dynamics simulation in two dimensions. The binding particles accelerate the threading process in two ways: (i) reducing the back-sliding of the translocated monomer, and (ii) providing the pulling force toward the translocation direction. We observe that for certain binding strength (ε_{c}) and concentration (ρ) of the BPs, the translocation is faster than the ideal ratcheting condition as elucidated by Simon, Peskin, and Oster [M. Simon, C. S. Peskin, and G. F. Oster, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 3770 (1992)PNASA60027-842410.1073/pnas.89.9.3770]. The asymmetry produced by the BPs at the trans-side leads to similarities of this process to that of a driven translocation with an applied force inside the pore manifested in various physical quantities. Furthermore, we provide an analytic expression for the force experienced by the translocating chain as well as for the scaled mean first passage time (MFPT), for which we observe that for various combinations of N, ε, and ρ the scaled MFPT (〈τ〉/N^{1.5}ρ^{0.8}) collapses onto the same master plot. Based on the analysis of our simulation data, we provide plausible arguments with regard to how the scaling theory of driven translocation can be generalized for such a directed diffusion process by replacing the externally applied force with an effective force.
Coherent control of atoms and molecules, for applications in nonlinear optics (2002)

The use of temporally-shaped ultrafast light pulses to control the dynamic evolution of atomic and molecular systems is a topic that has had a number of recent successes. This work applies concepts of nonlinear and ultrafast optics to possible practical use for goals such as optical "catalysis" of chemical reactions. However, coherent control concepts also have consequences for nonlinear optics itself, in making possible new nonlinear techniques. We have recently demonstrated two new techniques that make it possible to generate ultrashort-pulse light with unprecedented capabilties. In the first, we generate high-harmonic radiation using shaped light pulses. This work takes advantage of the attosecond time-scale dynamics of the high-harmonic process to enhance the temporal coherence of the light source. In the second technique, we use coherently spinning molecules to phase modulate a single ultrafast pulse in a way that makes it possible to subsequently compress the pulse using positive dispersion from material propagation. This technique promises to make possible new light sources in the deep-UV to EUV regions of the spectrum.
A Soluble Form of IL-13 Receptor α1 Promotes IgG2a and IgG2b Production by Murine Germinal Center B Cells (1999)

Abstract A functional IL-13R involves at least two cell surface proteins, the IL-13Rα1 and IL-4Rα. Using a soluble form of the murine IL-13Rα1 (sIL-13R), we reveal several novel features of this system. The sIL-13R promotes proliferation and augmentation of Ag-specific IgM, IgG2a, and IgG2b production by murine germinal center (GC) B cells in vitro. These effects were enhanced by CD40 signaling and were not inhibited by an anti-IL4Rα mAb, a result suggesting other ligands. In GC cell cultures, sIL-13R also promoted IL-6 production, and interestingly, sIL-13R-induced IgG2a and IgG2b augmentation was absent in GC cells isolated from IL-6-deficient mice. Furthermore, the effects of the sIL-13R molecule were inhibited in the presence of an anti-IL-13 mAb, and preincubation of GC cells with IL-13 enhanced the sIL-13R-mediated effects. When sIL-13R was injected into mice, it served as an adjuvant-promoting production to varying degrees of IgM and IgG isotypes. We thus propose that IL-13Rα1 is a molecule involved in B cell differentiation, using a mechanism that may involve regulation of IL-6-responsive elements. Taken together, our data reveal previously unknown activities as well as suggest that the ligand for the sIL-13R might be a component of the IL-13R complex or a counterstructure yet to be defined.
Preparation of a Chiral, 2-Dimensional Network Containing Metallacrown and Copper Benzoate Building Blocks (2000)

Chiral metallacrowns have been fused into layers using neutral copper benzoate paddlewheel dimers and nitrate anions to link each 12-MC-4 molecule. The solid contains approximately 9 Å channels that are filled with solvent and a benzoic acid guest. A related chain structure that is generated by connecting metallacrowns with the copper dimer, but which does not have nitrate bridges in the second dimension, also has channels of similar size. These observations suggest a generalizable strategy for the preparation of microporous chiral solids in bulk quantities.
EVOLUTIONARY MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMISATION OF NEURAL NETWORKS FOR FACE DETECTION (2004)

For face recognition from video streams speed and accuracy are vital aspects. The first decision whether a preprocessed image region represents a human face or not is often made by a feed-forward neural network (NN), e.g. in the Viisage-FaceFINDER ® video surveillance system. We describe the optimisation of such a NN by a hybrid algorithm combining evolutionary multi-objective optimisation (EMO) and gradient-based learning. The evolved solutions perform considerably faster than an expert-designed architecture without loss of accuracy. We compare an EMO and a single objective approach, both with online search strategy adaptation. It turns out that EMO is preferable to the single objective approach in several respects.
Operational Experience With High Efficiency Cyclones: Comparison Between Boiler A and B in the Zeran Power Plant — Warsaw, Poland (2003)

The two 450t/h CFB units of the Zeran heat and power plant in Warsaw, Poland, are nearly identical in design, except for the cyclones. While the first CFB unit Zeran A which was commissioned in 1995 had cyclones of a prior design, the second unit Zeran B, which went into operation in late 2001, was equipped with high efficiency cyclones with the latest technological developments. The impact of the cyclone design is clearly visible in the operational data. Due to the high cyclone efficiency, the internal circulation became much higher and the fineness of the circulating particles was shifted to finer particles. As a result, the heat transfer in the furnace was boosted and the temperature profile became more even. This had a significant positive effect on the emissions, especially NOx and on the limestone consumption, which was considerably reduced.
Tank-Binding Kinase 1 (<i>TBK1</i>) Gene and Open-Angle Glaucomas (An American Ophthalmological Society Thesis). (2016)

<i>TBK1</i> gene copy-number variations (gene duplications and triplications) have been previously associated with normal-tension glaucoma. An exploration of other open-angle glaucomas detected a <i>TBK1</i> copy-number variation in a patient with exfoliation glaucoma, which is the first example of a <i>TBK1</i> mutation in a glaucoma patient with a diagnosis other than normal-tension glaucoma. A broader phenotypic range may be associated with <i>TBK1</i> copy-number variations, although mutations in this gene are most often detected in patients with normal-tension glaucoma.
Synthesis and Characterization of R<sub>2</sub>PNP(<sup>i</sup>BuNCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>N:  A New Bulky Electron-Rich Phosphine for Efficient Pd-Assisted Suzuki−Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions (2007)

Pro-azaphosphatrane 1a [P(iBuNCH2CH2)3N] reacts with iodine under mild conditions to give [IP(iBuNCH2CH2)3N]I in excellent yield, which on subsequent reaction with ammonia followed by deprotonation with KOtBu provided HN=P(iBuNCH2CH2)3N (3a) in quantitative yield. Reaction of 3a with R'2PCl afforded sterically bulky electron-rich phosphines of the type R'2PN=P(iBuNCH2CH2)3N (4) [R'=Ph (4a), iPr (4b), tBu (4c)]. The Pd(OAc)2/4c catalyst system was particularly efficient for the coupling of arylboronic acids with aryl bromides as well as aryl chlorides to give biaryls in excellent yields.