gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Description of the LTG system used for MUC-7 (1998)

The basic building blocks in our muc system are reusable text handling tools which wehave been developing and using for a number of years at the Language Technology Group. They are modular tools with stream input/output; each tooldoesavery speci c job, but can be combined with other tools in a unix pipeline. Di erent combinations of the same tools can thus be used in a pipeline for completing di erent tasks. Our architecture imposes an additional constraint on the input/output streams: they should have a common syntactic format. For this common format we chose eXtensible Markup Language (xml). xml is an o cial, simpli ed version of Standard Generalised Markup Language (sgml), simpli ed to make processing easier [3]. Wewere involved in the developmentofthexml standard, building on our expertise in the design of our own Normalised sgml (nsl) and nsl tool lt nsl [10], and our xml tool lt xml [11]. A detailed comparison of this sgml-oriented architecture with more traditional data-base oriented architectures can be found in [9]. A tool in our architecture is thus a piece of software which uses an api for all its access to xml and sgml data and performs a particular task: exploiting markup which has previously been added by other tools, removing markup, or adding new markup to the stream(s) without destroying the previously added
A Comparison of Unish Grammar with Esperanto (2002)

The purpose of this paper lies in claiming that the grammar of Unish， which has been being developed at Sejong University， is simpler， more logical， and more regular in many aspects than that of Esperanto， which was created more than a century ago. The validity of this claim is checked by comparing Unish with Esperanto with regard to several main parts of grammar such as the formation of interrogative sentences and passive sentences， the system and use of personal pronouns and relative pronouns, the nonuse of expletives， and the non-occurrence of agreement in a noun phrase. On the basis of these comparisons this pa per concludes that it is easier to learn and use Unish than Esperanto.
Exponential increase of publications related to soil water repellency (2005)

Soil water repellency is much more wide-spread than formerly thought. During the last decades, it has been a topic of study for soil scientists and hydrologists in at least 21 States of the USA, in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Mexico, Colombia, Chile, Congo, Nepal, India, Hong Kong, Taiwan, China, Ecuador, Venezuela, Brazil, Mali, Japan, Israel, Turkey, Egypt, South Africa, Germany, The Netherlands, Spain, Portugal, United Kingdom, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Poland, Slovakia, Russia, France, Italy, and Greece. Although, water repellent soils already have been indicated at the end of the nineteenth century, they have been discovered and studied in most countries in the last decades. Water repellency is most common in sandy soils with grass cover and in nature reserves, but has also been observed in loam, heavy clay, peat, and volcanic ash soils. From 1940 to 1970 research was focussed on identifying vegetation types responsible for inducing water repellency and on developing techniques to quantify the degree of water repellency. Of special interest has been the effects of wildfire on the development of soil water repellency and its consequences for soil erosion. Due to increasing concern over the threat to surface and groundwater posed by the use of agrichemicals and organic fertilisers, studies on water repellent soils have also been focused on its typical flow behavior with runoff and the existence of preferential flow paths. Since the end of the 1950s, wetting agents and clay amendments have been studied to ameliorate water repellent soils. Since 1883, more than 1200 articles related to soil water repellency have been published in journals, reports, and theses. An exponential increase in number of publications started in 1960, resulting in an average of 200 publications per 5 years.
Analysis of Integrated Starter-Generator Operation on a Mathematical Model (2007)

New consumer requirements to modern cars have resulted in developing an integrated starter-generator. This multifunctional and multiconnected system is of great interest for commercial application. The results of this integrated starter-generator modeling in the starter and generator modes are given in this paper. The realization of the proposed control circuit is described on a mathematical model.
NTCIR-6 Experiments using Pattern Matched Translation Extraction (2007)

This paper describes our experiment methods and results in the Sixth NTCIR Workshop Meeting on Evalu-ation of Information Access Technologies. We introduce a Pattern Matched Translation Extraction (PMTE) ap-proach to the analysis of mixed-languages web pages, which makes use of pattern matching to automatically extract the translation pairs. The experiment results demonstrated the proposed method is effective when translating Out-of-Vocabulary (OOV) terms, a well-known problem in fields of cross-language information retrieval (CLIR), question-answering (QA), machine translation (MT) and knowledge discovery (KD). We also report the experiment results of single-language information retrieval (SLIR) and illustrate the perfor-mance through different collections in STAGE 2 of NTCIR-6.
Bistability, higher harmonics, and chaos in AFM (2010)

A dynamic atomic force microscope sensitively probes surface properties with subnanometre lateral resolution. In the amplitude modulation mode, the force-sensing tip oscillates a few nanometres. The force sensor is a harmonic oscillator that interacts with a barrier, which can be described as a non-linear potential consisting of an attractive well and a repulsive wall. Further non-linearities may be introduced by adhesion, electrostatic or magnetic forces. Thus, the character of the non-linearity is intimately related to the material properties. This review highlights the non-linear dynamics in the amplitude modulation mode and how they enable and affect nanoscale material characterisation.
Quasi-Solid State Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Based on Poly (Acrylonitrile-co-Methacrylonitrile)-Silica Gel Electrolyte (2006)

The solid state dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are shown low conversion efficiencies as compare to liquid based DSSCs due to incomplete wetting of photoelectrode by solid electrolyte and poor contact of the solid state materials with the surface of dye coated TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> surface. In current work, poly (acrylonitrile-co-methacrylonitrile)/silica based gel electrolytes have been successfully employed to fabricate quasi-solid state DSSC with the overall energy conversion efficiency of 3.0%, open-circuit voltage of 0.784 V and short circuit current of 7.33 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 1 sun irradiance (100 mW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). The introduction of silica filler into the copolymer [poly(acrylonitrile-co-methacrylonitrile)] matrix reduces the crystallinity of the copolymer, which increases the mobility of iodide/triiodide couple. The optimized experimental conditions such as gelation time, composition of SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> nanoparticles and thickness of TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> have been discussed in detail at this work
The Address of the President - Science and the Future (1934)

We are truly living in a wonderful and fearful period so far as civilization is concerned. Our present social order has changed so rapidly within the last quarter of a century as to cause many writers and students of sociology to become somewhat alarmed as to its future stability. The concept of progress is one of the most profound and germinal ideas at work in our modern age.
Isolation and Characterization of a Bacteriocin from a Homofermentative <i>Lactobacillus</i> (1973)

Nearly 100 isolates of Lactobacillus were obtained from human and animal sources. Screening tests with the isolates revealed seven possible bacteriocinogenic strains and 26 strains sensitive to one or more of these inhibitory strains. Three homofermentative strains were selected for additional study after it was shown that their inhibitory substances differed in activity spectrum and in susceptibility to inactivation by proteolytic enzymes. One of these, L. helveticus strain LP27, was shown to produce a potent bacteriocin called lactocin 27. The lactocin was isolated from the culture supernatant fluid as a protein-lipopolysaccharide complex. In the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate the complex was dissociated, and the activity was found to reside in a small glycoprotein (molecular weight 12,400). The amino acid composition of purified lactocin 27 is similar to that of the L. fermenti bacteriocin; neither requires disulfide bonds for activity.
dbEM: A database of epigenetic modifiers curated from cancerous and normal genomes (2016)

We have developed a database called dbEM (database of Epigenetic Modifiers) to maintain the genomic information of about 167 epigenetic modifiers/proteins, which are considered as potential cancer targets. In dbEM, modifiers are classified on functional basis and comprise of 48 histone methyl transferases, 33 chromatin remodelers and 31 histone demethylases. dbEM maintains the genomic information like mutations, copy number variation and gene expression in thousands of tumor samples, cancer cell lines and healthy samples. This information is obtained from public resources viz. COSMIC, CCLE and 1000-genome project. Gene essentiality data retrieved from COLT database further highlights the importance of various epigenetic proteins for cancer survival. We have also reported the sequence profiles, tertiary structures and post-translational modifications of these epigenetic proteins in cancer. It also contains information of 54 drug molecules against different epigenetic proteins. A wide range of tools have been integrated in dbEM e.g. Search, BLAST, Alignment and Profile based prediction. In our analysis, we found that epigenetic proteins DNMT3A, HDAC2, KDM6A, and TET2 are highly mutated in variety of cancers. We are confident that dbEM will be very useful in cancer research particularly in the field of epigenetic proteins based cancer therapeutics. This database is available for public at URL: http://crdd.osdd.net/raghava/dbem.
A Digit Recognition System for Paper Currency Identification Based on Virtual Instruments (2006)

This paper describes an approach to digit recognition for the serial numbers on the Chinese currency banknotes. The approach consists of a number of components including image preprocessing, image binarisation, morphological filtering, segmentation, feature extraction and digit recognition. The approach was examined and tested on 5000 banknotes with 4000 digits and the approach achieved s single digit recognition rate of more than 99.60%, a serial number recognition rate of 99.50%, and a recognition time of 157 ms. The results show that this approach is effective and efficient and can clearly meet the system requirements.
Effect of Treatment for <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> and <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> on Markers of Inflammation and Cardiac Events in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes (2002)

Antibiotic treatment significantly reduced adverse cardiac events in patients with acute coronary syndromes, but the effect was independent of H pylori or C pneumoniae seropositivity.
Visit to the national gallery (1984)

Heads are like new-fangled boxes, stacked deliberately With odds and ends - mirrors, tangled strings...
Surface-acoustic-wave-driven ferromagnetic resonance in (Ga,Mn)(As,P) epilayers (2014)

Surface acoustic waves (SAW) were generated on a thin layer of the ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)(As,P). The out-of-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy of this dilute magnetic semiconductor is very sensitive to the strain of the layer, making it an ideal test material for the dynamic control of magnetization via magnetostriction. The amplitude and phase of the transmitted SAW during magnetic field sweeps showed a clear resonant behavior at a field close to the one calculated to give a precession frequency equal to the SAW frequency. A resonance was observed from 5 to 85 K, just below the Curie temperature of the layer. A full analytical treatment of the coupled magnetization/acoustic dynamics showed that the magnetostrictive coupling modifies the elastic constants of the material and accordingly the wave-vector solution to the elastic wave equation. The shape and position of the resonance were well reproduced by the calculations, in particular the fact that velocity (phase) variations resonated at lower fields than the acoustic attenuation variations. We suggest one reinterpret SAW-driven ferromagnetic resonance as a form of resonant, dynamic, delta-$E$ effect, a concept usually reserved for static magnetoelastic phenomena.
A coherent system for performing an optical transform (2003)

A coherent optical system for performing an arbitrary linear transform is described. The system consists of a holographic mask and two Fourier lenses. A set of equations for determining the amplitude-phase distribution of the mask is given, and the mask is generated by combination of a computer-generated hologram and optical holography. As an example, a Walsh-Hadamard transform of order 32 is realized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A New Compound from Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl with Antiviral Effect on RSV (2002)

A new compound, 2-(1,4-dihydroxy cyclohexanyl )-acetic acid isolated from the seeds of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl, has been assessed for potent antiviral effect on RSV for the first time in vitro by cell morphology methods. Its structure was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence (IR, MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR). We have trivially named it Rengynic acid.
Pure-Culture Growth of Fermentative Bacteria, Facilitated by H <sub>2</sub> Removal: Bioenergetics and H <sub>2</sub> Production (2006)

We used an H2-purging culture vessel to replace an H2-consuming syntrophic partner, allowing the growth of pure cultures of Syntrophothermus lipocalidus on butyrate and Aminobacterium colombiense on alanine. By decoupling the syntrophic association, it was possible to manipulate and monitor the single organism's growth environment and determine the change in Gibbs free energy yield (DeltaG) in response to changes in the concentrations of reactants and products, the purging rate, and the temperature. In each of these situations, H2 production changed such that DeltaG remained nearly constant for each organism (-11.1 +/- 1.4 kJ mol butyrate(-1) for S. lipocalidus and -58.2 +/- 1.0 kJ mol alanine(-1) for A. colombiense). The cellular maintenance energy, determined from the DeltaG value and the hydrogen production rate at the point where the cell number was constant, was 4.6 x 10(-13) kJ cell(-1) day(-1) for S. lipocalidus at 55 degrees C and 6.2 x 10(-13) kJ cell(-1) day(-1) for A. colombiense at 37 degrees C. S. lipocalidus, in particular, seems adapted to thrive under conditions of low energy availability.
Dithiaaromatic systems. I. Isomeric thianaphthenothiapyrylium perchlorates (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDithiaaromatic systems. I. Isomeric thianaphthenothiapyrylium perchloratesThomas Edwin Young and Coleman R. HamelCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 3, 816–821Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00828a063https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00828a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views40Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Security issues in grid environment (2004)

Computational grids provide significant computing power by sharing resources across administrative domains. In secure environment the performance of girds arrives at maximization. For this purpose we propose a distributed secure structure which emphasis communication of hosts and active security issues in a grid. We also discuss the fault tolerance and recovery mechanism for enhancing system reliability.
The Evaluation of Factor VIII Binding Activity of von Willebrand Factor by Means of an ELISA Method:<i>Significance and Practical Implications</i> (1998)

One of the functions of von Willebrand factor (vWF) is to serve as a carrier of clotting factor VIII (FVIII). Deficiency of this function results in the von Willebrand disease (vWD) variant type 2N, which resembles hemophilia A. We describe a new sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to study the ability of vWF to bind exogenous recombinant FVIII (rFVIII), in which anti-vWF-coated plates are incubated with plasma vWF, followed by exogenous FVIII and a peroxidase-coupled anti-FVIII antibody. Dose-response curves obtained using normal plasma vWF and purified normal vWF revealed a hyperbolic relationship between the optical density and the vWF concentration. The assay allows the quantification of FVIII binding with values expressed in U/dL; 100 U/dL was the amount present in normal plasma. The sensitivity and specificity of the method are demonstrated by its ability to measure binding levels as low as 1 to 2 U/dL and the fact that no FVIII binding was observed using plasma known to contain less than 1 U/dL vWF. To verify the accuracy of the assay, three patients with type 2N vWD with characterized vWF gene mutations were studied using an existing chromogenic assay and our ELISA. A patient who was homozygous for the R53W mutation and had no FVIII binding capacity according to the chromogenic method showed undetectable FVIII binding by ELISA. The remaining two patients, one who was homozygous for the R91Q mutation and one with compound heterozygosity for the R91Q and R53W mutations, showed markedly decreased FVIII binding by the chromogenic method and yielded ELISA values ranging from 4 to 8 U/dL. Therefore, although the two methods produce qualitatively similar results, the ELISA method offers the advantage of allowing quantification of the FVIII binding function. FVIII binding was also analyzed in 20 patients with type 1 vWD; we found a decrease of FVIII binding that was proportionate to the decrease in vWF levels, showing a normal FVIII binding activity/vWF molecule ratio. We define the binding activity measured by this assay as vWF:FVIII binding activity and propose its use in the functional analysis of vWF.
[The study of the antiviral activity of polyelectrolytes with respect to the influenza virus]. (2015)

It is well known that polyelectrolytes (PE) have a damaging effect on the secondary structure of the proteins and enzymes. It is also known that some PEs exert an immunostimulating action on T- and B-lymphocytes. However, currently, almost nothing is known about the impact of the PE of the viral proteins and viral envelope. Therefore, a detailed study of the mechanisms of the antiviral action of various polyelectrolytes would create the scientific-practical base for the construction of the antiviral drugs on the polyelectrolyte basis. In these works, for the first time the influence of PE polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) with varying degrees of polymerization and polyallylamin (PAA) and with molecular mass 6 and 8 kDa on the infectivity of different strains of the influenza virus was studied. It was shown that the expressed antiviral action PSS with degree of polymerization-8 (ETS-8) and PAA (6 kDa) against the influenza viruses was characterized by a significant reduction in the infectious titer of the virus. It was determined that the span of the nontoxic concentrations for the ETS-8 was 1-40 mM; for PAA (6 kDa), 1-40 μM, with IC50 = 3.8 ± 0.19 mm and 1.8 ± 0.09 μM, respectively. For the first time the impact of the PE on the structural-functional state of the viral membrane was assessed on the basis of monomolecular monolayers used as models of cell membranes.
YjdE (AdiC) Is the Arginine:Agmatine Antiporter Essential for Arginine-Dependent Acid Resistance in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2003)

To survive in extremely acidic conditions, Escherichia coli has evolved three adaptive acid resistance strategies thought to maintain internal pH. While the mechanism behind acid resistance system 1 remains enigmatic, systems 2 and 3 are known to require external glutamate (system 2) and arginine (system 3) to function. These latter systems employ specific amino acid decarboxylases and putative antiporters that exchange the extracellular amino acid substrate for the intracellular by-product of decarboxylation. Although GadC is the predicted antiporter for system 2, the antiporter specific for arginine/agmatine exchange has not been identified. A computer-based homology search revealed that the yjdE (now called adiC) gene product shared an overall amino acid identity of 22% with GadC. A series of adiC mutants isolated by random mutagenesis and by targeted deletion were shown to be defective in arginine-dependent acid resistance. This defect was restored upon introduction of an adiC(+)-containing plasmid. An adiC mutant proved incapable of exchanging extracellular arginine for intracellular agmatine but maintained wild-type levels of arginine decarboxylase protein and activity. Western blot analysis indicated AdiC is an integral membrane protein. These data indicate that the arginine-to-agmatine conversion defect of adiC mutants was at the level of transport. The adi gene region was shown to be organized into two transcriptional units, adiAY and adiC, which are coordinately regulated but independently transcribed. The data also illustrate that the AdiA decarboxylase:AdiC antiporter system is designed to function only at acid levels sufficient to harm the cell.
A Transparent Engine for Flow and Combustion Visualization Studies (1988)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A single-cylinder research engine for flow and combustion visualization has been designed, built, and operated. It has a transparent liner and piston-top window that maximize optical access for inspecting in-cylinder flow and combustion. It is an overhead cam engine with a three valve head, nominal 9:1 compression ratio, 92 mm bore and stroke, and maximum speed of 4000 r/min. The engine design is described, and some preliminary results are given. The engine has been motored with a glass liner and fired with a stainless steel liner before a sapphire liner is installed for combustion visualization.</div>