gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lipolysis in castor seeds: A reinvestigation of the neutral lipase (1971)

Abstract Attempts to study the neutral lipase reported in germinating castor seeds and to compare this enzyme to the acid lipase of dormant seeds were unsuccessful because of the inability to repeat the work described earlier (1). Activity of the proposed neutral lipase could not be detected, nor could appearance of the enzyme be hastened or affected by treating the germinating seeds with gibberellic acid or Actinomycin‐D. Possible explanations for the discrepancy between these findings and the early report are presented.
[Repeated intraperitoneal injection of low-dose CDDP for gastric cancer with ascites owing to peritonitis carcinomatosa]. (2002)

We attempted treating 5 patients with ascites from peritonitis carcinomatosa of gastric carcinoma using TS-1 as systemic chemotherapy, and repeated intraperitoneal injection of low-dose CDDP for the carcinomatous ascites. TS-1 was administered in the usual manner and repeated intraperitoneal injection of CDDP (10 mg/body) dissolved in physiological saline 20-500 ml was given with an implantable reservoir. In 3 patients, the carcinomatous ascites disappeared, and in 2 other patients they decreased remarkably. As a result, the QOL and PS of all patients were improved. Serum concentration of CDDP suggested that weekly repeated intraperitoneally injected CDDP not only has an effect on peritonitis carcinomatosa, but also functions as a modulator for 5-FU.
Analysis of Voltage Auto-Balance Characteristic For Three-Level LLC Converter with Clamped Diodes and Flying Capacitor (2018)

Three-level LLC converter with only clamped diodes or flying-capacitor is difficult to realize voltage balance on two split input capacitors and the main switches. In this paper, the auxiliary circuits combining clamped diodes and flying capacitor is analyzed addressing the voltage balance issue. The operation principle of the converter under unbalanced voltages on input capacitors is analyzed in detail, based on which the mechanism for voltage auto-balance is elaborated. Moreover, the effects of the auxiliary circuits and their interactions are derived accordingly. Based on that, the design of the flying capacitor is also involved. Finally, a three-level LLC prototype is built and the experimental results demonstrates the validity of theoretical analysis.
Study of In Situ Apatite Formation on Bioactive Substrates Using Confocal Microscopy (2005)

This paper describes the use of confocal microscopy as a new method for in situ analysis of the apatite layer which forms on bioactive substrates after immersion in a simulated body fluid (SBF). Conventional methods such as secondary electron microscopy (SEM) require drying and coating of the samples. This approach causes damage to the structure of the apatite layer of which a common example is surface cracking. With confocal microscopy samples are examined in situ and build a unique optical sectioning of the samples. As shown in this paper, using these sections, a clear image can be constructed of the reactive layer which forms on a sample both in horizontal and vertical cross-sections.
Scaling laws for oxygen plasmas (2003)

Summary form only given. Electronegative gases are widely used in modern plasma technologies. Scaling laws enable one to simply estimate and predict plasma characteristics based of external discharge parameters. The presence of negative ions drastically changes the transport processes that define the spatial distributions of plasma components and other properties of the plasma. That is why the existing scaling laws for electropositive gases are not directly applicable to electronegative plasmas. The scaling laws can be derived using a global model of a plasma reactor that assumes certain spatial distributions of charged species. The developed global models of electronegative plasmas assumed that the spatial distributions of negatively charged species are governed by the Boltzmann equilibrium with different ion and electron temperatures. However, it has been recently shown that this assumption is not valid in the general case. Moreover, the relative importance of the ion-ion recombination and detachment has not been properly accounted for even for the most extensively studied oxygen plasmas requiring revision of the previously published results. The goal of this work is to derive scaling laws for electronegative plasmas using the approach described by Rozhansky and Tsendin (2001). This approach accounts for proper spatial distributions of charged species in the plasma and finds the ionization rate as an eigenvalue problem. The principal feature of electronegative plasmas is separation of the plasma onto a core with abundance of negative ions and a shell where the negative ions are practically absent. We restrict ourselves to the low pressure case when the positive ion loss to the wall due to diffusion dominates over volume recombination. The dependencies of plasma properties upon input parameters pL (the product of gas pressure p and characteristic size of the plasma L), and power density W adsorbed in the plasma have been obtained for oxygen plasma for the parameters range most important for microelectronics applications To verify scaling laws, 2-D simulations of an Inductively Coupled Plasma in Oxygen have been performed in the pressure range ==20-1000 mTorr and power densities W= 10/sup 3/-3.6/spl times/10/sup 4/ W/m/sup 3/ in a cylindrical reactor of radius R=15.42 cm and height H=7.62 cm. A fluid model of plasma has been used taking into account O/sub 2/, O, O/sub 2/*, O/sup -/ and O/sub 2/*. Three types of spatial distributions of the charged species have been observed in the simulations. At low pressures, a parabolic ion density profile and a flat electron distribution has been obtained. With increasing gas pressure, top-flat profiles of ions and electrons have been observed. Finally, nonmonotonic profiles with a minimum in the center and a maximum on the periphery of the discharge have been obtained similar to those experimentally observed by Buddemeier (1997).
Crystal structure of 8,8′-di-<i>p</i>-tolyl-8′<i>H</i>-7,8′-biacenaphtho[1,2-<i>d</i>]imidazole, C<sub>40</sub>H<sub>26</sub>N<sub>4</sub> (2019)

Abstract C 40 H 26 N 4 , triclinic, P 1̄ (no. 2), a = 9.5201(6) Å, b = 12.1701(8) Å, c = 12.8721(7) Å, α = 79.949(5)°, β = 88.350(5)°, γ = 75.893(6)°, V = 1424.05(16) Å 3 , Z = 2, R gt ( F ) = 0.0519, wR ref ( F 2 ) = 0.1403, T = 293 K.
Acute yersinial ileitis: a distinct entity. (1976)

A case report of documented Yersinial acute ileitis is presented. A review of the literature reveals that progression to Crohn's disease is uncommon. Yersinosis can present as several symptom complexes. Mesenteric lymphadenitis and terminal ileitis, however, appear to be the most common. The diagnosis is usually made during laparotomy for possible appendicitis, because the symptom complex may be very similar. If the only finding at laparotomy is a thickened edematous ileum, postoperative titers for Yersinia should be taken. A greater awareness is necessary before the true incidence and epidemiology can be ascertained.
Synthesis of 3,4-Dibromo-2,5-bis-substituted Thiophenes (1993)

The reaction of 3,4-dibromo-2,5-bis (chloromethyl) thiophene (1a), sufficiently derived from 3,4-dibromothiophene, with several kinds of nucleophiles was investigated. Whereas cyanomethylation of la to 3,4-dibromo-2,5-bis (cyanomethyl) thiophene (1b) failed, thiocyanomethylation, bromomethylation, acetoxymethylation, and hydrolysis readily proceeded to afford the corresponding 3,4-dibromo-2,5-bis (thiocyanomethyl) - (1c), bis (hydroxymethyl) - (1d), bis (bromomethyl) - (1e), and bis (acetoxymethyl) thiophenes (1f) in good yields (62-88%). The thiophene (1a) was reacted with aliphatic amines, such as dimethylamine, trimethylamine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, and morpholine, to produce 2,5-bis (aminomethyl) thiophenes (1g-k) in yields varying from 40% to 96%. The reaction of la with pyridine furnished the mono - (1l) and bis-pyridinium salts (1m), respectively, dependent upon the amount of pyridine used. The mono-salt (1l) was, on purification, hydrolyzed to the hydroxymethyl mono-salt (1n) in 76% yield from 1a.
Elongation as a Factor in Evaluating the Thermal Stability of Enameled Wire (1958)

Examples are presented in which elongation exhibits an adverse affect on the shelf aging, thermal aging, and varnish-shock resistance of enameled wire. Methods for determining heat-shock and varnish-shock on enameled rectangular wire are presented. A consideration of the factor of elongation is important in the development of rectangular wire enamels, and it is suggested that elongation be considered as an addition to AIEE Publication no. 57.1
Considerations when choosing a genetic model organism for metabolomics studies (2016)

Model organisms are important in many areas of chemical biology. In metabolomics, model organisms can provide excellent samples for methods development as well as the foundation of comparative phylometabolomics, which will become possible as metabolomics applications expand. Comparative studies of conserved and unique metabolic pathways will help in the annotation of metabolites as well as provide important new targets of investigation in biology and biomedicine. However, most chemical biologists are not familiar with genetics, which needs to be considered when choosing a model organism. In this review we summarize the strengths and weaknesses of several genetic systems, including natural isolates, recombinant inbred lines, and genetic mutations. We also discuss methods to detect targets of selection on the metabolome.
The Hepatitis B Virus X Protein Functionally Interacts with CREB-binding Protein/p300 in the Regulation of CREB-mediated Transcription (2006)

The hepatitis B virus infects more than 350 million people worldwide and is a leading cause of liver cancer. The virus encodes a multifunctional regulator, the hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx), that is essential for virus replication. HBx is involved in modulating signal transduction pathways and transcription mediated by various factors, notably CREB that requires the recruitment of the co-activators CREB-binding protein (CBP)/p300. Here we investigated the role of HBx and its potential interaction with CBP/p300 in regulating CREB transcriptional activity. We show that HBx and CBP/p300 synergistically enhanced CREB activity and that CREB phosphorylation by protein kinase A was a prerequisite for the cooperative action of HBx and CBP/p300. We further show that HBx interacted directly with CBP/p300 in vitro and in vivo. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we provide evidence that HBx physically occupied the CREB-binding domain of CREB-responsive promoters of endogenous cellular genes such as interleukin 8 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Moreover expression of HBx increased the recruitment of p300 to the interleukin 8 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen promoters in cells, and this is associated with increased gene expression. As recruitment of CBP/p300 is known to represent the limiting event for activating CREB target genes, HBx may disrupt this cellular regulation, thus predisposing cells to transformation.
Modeling and designing an unbiased CW terahertz photomixer emitters (2014)

A new unbiased terahertz photoconductive emitter is introduced. Unlike previous structures, this emitter does not require any external bias voltage. For photocarrier acceleration it rather makes use of the built-in electrostatic Schottky contact field formed at the electrode-photoconductor interface. A hybrid numerical simulation method is used to model and analyze this phenomenon.
Stem Cell-Derived Neurons for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases (2013)

Neurodegenerative diseases are termed for the age-related chronic and progressive loss of structure and func- tion of neurons. Most common neurodegenerative diseases include Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). So far, no drugs can be used to reverse the neuronal degeneration. Recent progresses in stem cells biology and technology allow us to generate specific types of neurons, such as cholinergic and dopamine neurons from stem cells, with defined culture conditions. These stem cell-derived neurons have been used for cell replacement therapy in animal models of neurodegenerative neurons, such as AD and PD. Here, I summarized recent progresses of stem cell-derived cholinergic and dopamine neurons and their applications in AD and PD.
THE STRUCTURE OF PHOTOISOPYROCALCIFEROL<sup>1</sup> (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE STRUCTURE OF PHOTOISOPYROCALCIFEROL1William G. Dauben and Gerhard J. FonkenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 11, 2971–2972Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01568a078https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01568a078research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views29Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Brevisamide: An Unprecedented Monocyclic Ether Alkaloid from the Dinoflagellate Karenia brevis that Provides a Potential Model for Ladder‐Frame Initiation. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Adenosine agonists reduce voltage‐dependent calcium conductance of mouse sensory neurones in cell culture. (1986)

Adenosine and several of its analogues produced a concentration-dependent shortening of calcium-dependent action potential (c.a.p.) duration of mouse dorsal root ganglion (d.r.g.) neurones in dissociated cell culture. The following rank order of potency was obtained: N6-(L-phenylisopropyl)adenosine greater than N6-(D-phenylisopropyl)adenosine greater than N6-cyclohexyladenosine greater than 2-chloroadenosine much greater than 1-methylisoguanosine greater than adenosine. Effects of adenosine agonists on c.a.p. duration were blocked by methylxanthine adenosine antagonists. Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and cyclic AMP shortened c.a.p.s in d.r.g. neurones, while ATP also depolarized cells. Voltage-clamp analysis revealed that the effect arose from reduction of a voltage-dependent calcium conductance. Adenosine agonists reduced depolarization-evoked inward currents but did not alter membrane conductance following blockade of calcium channels by cadmium. Additionally, adenosine reduced the instantaneous current-voltage slope (chord conductance) during step commands that produced maximal activation of voltage-dependent calcium conductance. If effects of adenosine on neuronal somata and synaptic terminals are similar, adenosine agonists may inhibit neurotransmitter release in the central nervous system by inhibiting a voltage-dependent calcium conductance. Since effects of adenosine agonists did not correspond with their relative potencies as modulators of adenylate cyclase activity or inhibitors of neurotransmitter release in peripheral tissues, a novel adenosine receptor may be involved in regulation of this conductance.
Integrated Grasp Planning and Visual Object Localization For a Humanoid Robot with Five-Fingered Hands (2006)

In this paper we present a framework for grasp planning with a humanoid robot arm and a five-fingered hand. The aim is to provide the humanoid robot with the ability of grasping objects that appear in a kitchen environment. Our approach is based on the use of an object model database that contains the description of all the objects that can appear in the robot workspace. This database is completed with two modules that make use of this object representation: an exhaustive offline grasp analysis system and a real-time stereo vision system. The offline grasp analysis system determines the best grasp for the objects by employing a simulation system, together with CAD models of the objects and the five-fingered hand. The results of this analysis are added to the object database using a description suited to the requirements of the grasp execution modules. A stereo camera system is used for a real-time object localization using a combination of appearance-based and model-based methods. The different components are integrated in a controller architecture to achieve manipulation task goals for the humanoid robot
HiCdat: a fast and easy-to-use Hi-C data analysis tool (2015)

HiCdat is easy-to-use and provides solutions starting from aligned reads up to in-depth analyses. Importantly, HiCdat is focussed on the analysis of larger structural features of chromosomes, their correlation to genomic and epigenomic features, and on comparative studies. It uses simple input and output formats and can therefore easily be integrated into existing workflows or combined with alternative tools.
Microfibrillar Proteins MAGP-1 and MAGP-2 Induce Notch1 Extracellular Domain Dissociation and Receptor Activation (2006)

Unlike most receptors, Notch serves as both the receiver and direct transducer of signaling events. Activation can be mediated by one of five membrane-bound ligands of either the Delta-like (-1, -2, -4) or Jagged/Serrate (-1, -2) families. Alternatively, dissociation of the Notch heterodimer with consequent activation can also be mediated experimentally by calcium chelators or by mutations that destabilize the Notch1 heterodimer, such as in the human disease T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Here we show that MAGP-2, a protein present on microfibrils, can also interact with the EGF-like repeats of Notch1. Co-expression of MAGP-2 with Notch1 leads to both cell surface release of the Notch1 extracellular domain and subsequent activation of Notch signaling. Moreover, we demonstrate that the C-terminal domain of MAGP-2 is required for binding and activation of Notch1. Based on the high level of homology, we predicted and further showed that MAGP-1 can also bind to Notch1, cause the release of the extracellular domain, and activate signaling. Notch1 extracellular domain release induced by MAGP-2 is dependent on formation of the Notch1 heterodimer by a furin-like cleavage, but does not require the subsequent ADAM metalloprotease cleavage necessary for production of the Notch signaling fragment. Together these results demonstrate for the first time that the microfibrillar proteins MAGP-1 and MAGP-2 can function outside of their role in elastic fibers to activate a cellular signaling pathway.
Rapid preimplantation detection of mutant (shiverer) and normal alleles of the mouse myelin basic protein gene allowing selective implantation and birth of live young. implantation and birth of live young (1990)

As a model for the detection of human genetic disease in preimplantation embryos, we describe a method in which trophectoderm biopsy samples from viable mouse blastocysts are simultaneously analyzed for the presence of a normal or mutant allele of the myelin basic protein gene by the polymerase chain reaction. The biopsied embryos are kept in culture during analysis of biopsied material and later reintroduced to a foster mother. Prenatal diagnosis can be completed in less than 7 hr. The identity of either amplification product was proved conclusively by direct sequence analysis of amplified products. Ninety-six percent of recovered blastocysts survived biopsy, as judged by re-formation of a blastocyst cavity in culture. Fifty-nine percent of the biopsied embryos established pregnancy by day 6.5, compared to 88% of unmanipulated controls. This approach can be applied to preimplantation diagnosis of human genetic diseases by using extraembryonic cells from blastocysts obtained after in vitro fertilization or uterine lavage. It will make possible the elimination of a mutant allele from a family in a single generation.
Susceptibility genes for lung diseases in the major histocompatibility complex revealed by lung expression quantitative trait loci analysis (2016)

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has been linked with hundreds of diseases [1]. The MHC is one of the most complex regions of the human genome, because of the high gene density, extended linkage disequilibrium (LD) and sequence diversity [2]. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified polymorphisms located in the MHC that are associated with lung diseases and related traits: asthma, cystic fibrosis, idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, lung cancer and lung function. However, due to the limitations of GWAS and tissue-specific characteristics of gene expression [3], the causal genes and genetic mechanisms mediating the heritable risk within this locus remain to be found. New susceptibility genes for asthma, idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, lung cancer and lung function in the MHC <http://ow.ly/10onzl> The authors would like to thank Christine Racine and Sabrina Biardel at the Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Québec, QC, Canada) site of the Respiratory Health Network Biobank of the FRQS for their valuable assistance. At the University of British Columbia (Vancouver, BC, Canada) the authors thank the biobank coordinator Mark Elliott. At the University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (Groningen, the Netherlands) Marnix Jonker is thanked for his support in selecting, handling and sending of lung tissues.
Effect of P and C Segregation and Grain Size on Bending Strength of the Carburized and Induction Hardened Steel (1997)

In order to increase the bending strength of automotive differential gears, a new heat treatment, where induction hardening is carried out after carburizing, was studied. The bending test specimens of a modified JIS SCM822 grade were gas-carburized, followed by quenching, induction hardening and low-temperature-tempering.Induction hardening after carburizing prevented intergranular fracture of the case. The results of Auger electron spectroscopy showed that induction heating decreased the phosphorus and carbon segregation at the austenite grain boundaries, which is the cause of the case intergranular embrittlement of carburized steels. The calculation of the diffusion distance indicated that the duration of the induction heating was too short for phosphorus and carbon to resegregate fully to the austenite grain boundaries which were reproduced during the heating.Such reduction in segregation and the austenite grain refinement in the case of the carburized and induction hardened steel increased the bending strength by the amount of 36 per cent.
Incremental routing in FPGAs (2002)

In this paper we present algorithms for incrementally routing circuits mapped to field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The algorithms work well for ripping up and rerouting nets connected to small numbers of displaced logic blocks. Additionally the algorithms are sequential and compact, therefore making them ideal for embedding in hardware. Given an FPGA with a readable as well as writable configuration memory, these algorithms require no prior knowledge of the mapped circuit's netlist. Experimental results indicate our router works well for fault tolerance and other applications.