gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Free 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) in human urine: metabolic routes, biochemical and clinical significance in healthy and obese children. (1988)

Conjugated MHPG is an indicator of the adrenergic tonus having clinical use in the follow-up of affective disorders, arterial hypotension, anorexia nervosa and recently of obesity. Little is known about the significance of the unconjugated, free MHPG in various body fluids. Nineteen healthy and 38 obese children were studied as regards the urinary excretion of free MHPG (MHPGF), conjugated MHPG (MHPGC), total MHPG (MHPGT) and also free noradrenaline (NA) valnillyl mandelic acid (VMA) and metanephrines (MN). Part of the obese received a short-term course of drug therapy (diethyl-propion-DEP or thyroid extract) and were subjected to a low-carbohydrate diet containing 800-1000 calories a day. The same urinary determinations were made after diet alone or after diet and drug therapy. MHPGC and MHPGT were significantly higher in the obese children. The level of MHPGF was essentially the same in both groups and did not change significantly following any drug or after diet alone. It was concluded that esterification mechanisms are not involved in the pathological states expressing high or low levels of MHPGC. Suggestion is made that these mechanisms may not be saturated unless huge amounts of MHPG outflow from the brain into CSF.
Automated semantic annotation and retrieval based on sharable ontology and case-based learning techniques (2003)

Effective information retrieval (IR) using domain knowledge and semantics is one of the major challenges in IR. In this paper we propose a framework that can facilitate image retrieval based on a sharable domain ontology and thesaurus. In particular, case-based learning (CBL) using a natural language phrase parser is proposed to convert a natural language query into resource description framework (RDF) format, a semantic-web standard of metadata description that supports machine readable semantic representation. This same parser also is extended to perform semantic annotation on the descriptive metadata of images and convert metadata automatically into the same RDF representation. The retrieval of images then can be conducted by matching the semantic and structural descriptions of the user query with those of the annotated descriptive metadata of images. We tested in our problem domain by retrieving the historical and cultural images taken from Dr. Ching-chih Chen's First Emperor of China CD-ROM [25] as part of our productive international digital library collaboration. We have constructed and implemented the domain ontology, a Mandarin Chinese thesaurus, as well as the similarity match and retrieval algorithms in order to test our proposed framework. Our experiments have shown the feasibility and usability of these approaches.
Laser metal forming processes for rapid prototyping - A review (2000)

In the current rapid prototyping processes, a physical part of a computer model can be quickly produced for functional and dimensional verification. Most of the existing systems can only produce non-metal parts, and thus limit rapid prototyping applications. The laser-based metal forming process is a technique that has the potential to produce fully functional models directly from a CAD system and eliminate the need for an intermediate step. This paper presents a review of the state of the art laser metal forming (LMF) processes. LMF process hardware, software, and process parameters are discussed, including laser parameters, beam delivery systems, work table variables, metal deposition techniques, measurement, and control. Process limitations, materials, and costs are summarized.
Lehrbuch der organischen Chemie (1950)

<h3>Organic Chemistry.</h3> By Paul Karrer, Professor at the University of Zürich, Zürich. Original Translation by A. J. Mee, M.A., B.Sc. Fourth English edition, Revised and Enlarged in Accordance with the Eleventh German edition by H. V. Simon, Ph.D., and N. G. Bisset, B.Sc., A.R.C.S. Cloth. $8.50. Pp. 973, with illustrations. Elsevier Pub. Co., 215 Fourth Ave., New York 3; 118 Spuistraat, Amsterdam-C, Netherlands, 1950. The latest German edition of this classic reference work and its excellent English translation (by H. V. Simon and N. G. Bissett, incorporating Mee's translation of an earlier German edition) are based on the literature through 1948, and in some sections 1949 references are cited. According to the preface of the English edition, the following topics have been added: organic silicon compounds, diacetyl peroxides and per acids and streptomycin; and the following topics have been revised extensively: elementary microanalysis, mineral oil [petroleum] products, organic lithium compounds,
Visualisation of the Urban Transportation Reality: Some Key Views (2003)

“An image is worth 1000 words”… “Not always… visualisation is necessarily a hybrid of images and words”, says J.C. Dursteler (2000). Even at the cost of heavier files, it is also agreed that images are more effective to show structural relations, location information and for providing detail and appearance. As such, synthetic images should be preponderant and relevant in representing urban transportation reality. Since many years, spatio-temporal demand/supply phenomena have been represented by several drawings and maps. The more traditional representations (desire lines, spider-web network, bus route load profile) were already recommended in th e era 1958-1964 (Public Administration Service), and in Potts and Oliver (1972). Now, GIS (Longley and al., 2001; Chrisman, 2002) takes all the place. Besides, as cited by Dueker and al., “in integrating the three technologies – the GUI (graphical user interface), the DBMS (database management system), and the spatial modeling tools – GIS becomes a powerful spatial information system capable of digital mapping, managing, analyzing and presenting spatial information and associated attributes”. Correspondingly, the present report goes further, and focuses on a selected sample of images that are elaborated within the context of several transportation analyses conducted in the Greater Montreal Area in the recent years. Because of the information technology environment supporting the Totally Disaggregate Approach (Chapleau, 1992), extensive databases from large-scale Origin and Destination surveys have been processed to respond to numerous questions and audiences. Concurrently, ce nsus data, travel demand, GIS, road and transit networks databases have to be processed in a very consistent fashion. For that reason, graphic interfaces are commonly utilised to check and validate complex analytical environment. Thus, the paper shows several concepts and examples from three classes of urban transportation analysis by visualisation: static spatial data to express variable level of a typical aggregate character, network analysis data when looking at equity and performance issues, and interactive rendering of huge data sets for sharing with specialized and selected audiences.
Precision Broadband Far-Infrared Attenuator (1986)

With the advance of far-infrared laser applications the need arises to vary the radiation intensity over a large dynamic range. An example is laser radar where a return loss of 50 or even 100 db has to be achieved without distorting the wavefront. First we review the more common techniques used to attenuate FIR laser beams, and then describe a new step attenuator that uses diffracting metal mesh screens to attenuate the laser radiation. Broadband performance over nearly one decade of frequency is achieved. The design can handle even higher peak and average FIR powers than are available at present, while maintaining beam quality in all respects, including arbitrary input polarization.
The hydrolysis of cellulose and its relation to structure (1957)

A. Sharples, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1957, 53, 1003 DOI: 10.1039/TF9575301003
A Microservices Architecture for Reactive and Proactive Fault Tolerance in IoT Systems (2018)

Providing fault-tolerance (FT) support to Internet of Things (IoT) systems is an open challenge, with many implementations providing static, tightly coupled FT support that does not adapt and evolve like IoT systems do. This paper proposes a pluggable framework based on a microservices architecture that implements FT support as two complementary microservices: one that uses complex event processing for realtime FT detection, and another that uses online machine learning to detect fault patterns and pre-emptively mitigate faults before they are activated. We provide an early evaluation of how our framework can handle a real-world scenario.
Particle deposition in human respiratory system: Deposition of concentrated hygroscopic aerosols (2009)

In the nearly saturated human respiratory tract, the presence of water-soluble substances in the inhaled aerosols can cause change in the size distribution of the particles. This consequently alters the lung deposition profiles of the inhaled airborne particles. Similarly, the presence of high concentration of hygroscopic aerosols also affects the water vapor and temperature profiles in the respiratory tract. A model is presented to analyze these effects in human respiratory system. The model solves simultaneously the heat and mass transfer equations to determine the size evolution of respirable particles and gas-phase properties within human respiratory tract. First, the model predictions for nonhygroscopic aerosols are compared with experimental results. The model results are compared with experimental results of sodium chloride particles. The model reproduces the major features of the experimental data. The water vapor profile is significantly modified only when a high concentration of particles is present. The model is used to study the effect of equilibrium assumptions on particle deposition. Simulations show that an infinite dilution solution assumption to calculate the saturation equilibrium over droplet could induce errors in estimating particle growth. This error is significant in the case of particles of size greater than 1 mum and at number concentrations higher than 10(5)/cm(3).
The Communication Model and Performance Analysis in Network Management Based on Mobile Agent (2005)

In order to ensure the reliability and efficiency,network management is becoming especially important. With the rapid development of IP network size,the centralized network management based on SNMP appears inca- pable on scalability and flexibility. Since the advent of mobile Agent technology,its application range is growing fast and its distributed computing makes up the deficiency of M/A model. This article will advance two communication models on mobile Agent,and make theoretic analysis on performance management and draw the conclusion at last.
Ensemble Reforecasting: Improving Medium-Range Forecast Skill Using Retrospective Forecasts (2004)

The value of the model output statistics (MOS) approach to improving 6-10-day and week 2 probabilistic forecasts of surface temperature and precipitation is demonstrated. Retrospective 2-week ensemble ''reforecasts'' were computed using a version of the NCEP medium-range forecast model with physics operational during 1998. An NCEP-NCAR reanalysis initial condition and bred modes were used to initialize the 15-member ensemble. Probabilistic forecasts of precipitation and temperature were generated by a logistic regression technique with the ensemble mean (precipitation) or ensemble mean anomaly (temperature) as the only predictor. Forecasts were computed and evaluated during 23 winter seasons from 1979 to 2001.
CRYSTALLINE SOYBEAN TRYPSIN INHIBITOR (1946)

A study has been made of the general properties of crystalline soybean trypsin inhibitor. The soy inhibitor is a stable protein of the globulin type of a molecular weight of about 24,000. Its isoelectric point is at pH 4.5. It inhibits the proteolytic action approximately of an equal weight of crystalline trypsin by combining with trypsin to form a stable compound. Chymotrypsin is only slightly inhibited by soy inhibitor. The reaction between chymotrypsin and the soy inhibitor consists in the formation of a reversibly dissociable compound.

The inhibitor has no effect on pepsin.

The inhibiting action of the soybean inhibitor is associated with the native state of the protein molecule. Denaturation of the soy protein by heat or acid or alkali brings about a proportional decrease in its inhibiting action on trypsin. Reversal of denaturation results in a proportional gain in the inhibiting activity.

Crystalline soy protein when denatured is readily digestible by pepsin, and less readily by chymotrypsin and by trypsin.

Methods are given for measuring trypsin and inhibitor activity and also protein concentration with the aid of spectrophotometric density measurements at 280 mµ.
The Binary Vector as the Basis of an Inverted Index File (1974)

The inverted index file is a frequently used file structure for the storage of indexing information in a document retrieval system. This paper describes a novel method for the computer storage of such an index. The method not only offers the possibility of reducing storage requirements for an index but also affords more rapid processing of query statements expressed in Boolean logic.
The mechanical and biological properties of demineralised cortical bone allografts in animals (1991)

We studied the calcium content and mechanical strength of cortical bone from rats and dogs after different periods of demineralisation, showing that the rate of demineralisation differed considerably between the species. Specimens from the rat were further treated by chemical extraction and autolysis and tested for osteoinductive properties. We showed that partially demineralised cortical bone retained adequate mechanical strength, while retaining the biological effects of completely demineralised bone. This shows that it is possible to prepare allografts which have adequate mechanical strength and still retain osteo-inductive properties.
Follicle-Stimulating Activity of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin<sup>1</sup> (1969)

Journal Article Follicle-Stimulating Activity of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Get access A. ALBERT A. ALBERT 1Section of Endocrine Research, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Graduate School of Medicine Rochester, Minnesota 55901 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 29, Issue 11, 1 November 1969, Pages 1504–1509, https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-29-11-1504 Published: 01 November 1969 Article history Received: 18 June 1969 Published: 01 November 1969
[Commercial orange juice beverages detection by fluorescence spectroscopy combined with PCA-ED and PLSR methods]. (2014)

In order to classify the orange juiice beverages effectively, the fluorescence character differences of two kinds of orange juice beverages including 100% orange juice and orange drink were analyzed and compared, principal component analysis combined with Euclidean distance was adopted to classify two kinds of orange juice beverages, and ideal classification results were obtained. Meanwhile, the orange juice content estimation model was established by using fluorescence spectroscopy combined with partial least squares regression method, and the correlation coefficient R, root mean square error of calibration RMSEC and root mean square error of prediction RMSEP were 0.997, 0.87% and 2.05%, respectively. The experimental results indicate that the calibration model offers comparatively accurate content estimation, which reflect the actual orange juice content in the commercial orange juice beverages. The exploration to classify orange juice beverages was carried out from two aspects of qualitative and quantitative analysis by employing fluorescence spectroscopy combined with chemometrics method, which can provide a new idea for the classification and adulteration detection of commercial orange juice beverages, and also can give certain reference basis for the quality control of orange juice raw material.
Design of High Quantum Efficiency and High Resolution, Si/SiGe Avalanche Photodiode Focal Plane Arrays Using Novel, Back-Illuminated, Silicon-on-Sapphire Substrates (2011)

Design of High Quantum Efficiency and High Resolution, Si/SiGe Avalanche Photodiode Focal Plane Arrays Using Novel, Back-Illuminated, Silicon-on-Sapphire Substrates
ENGINEERING, DESIGN, AND PROCESS DEVELOPMENT Continuous Ion Exchange with an Endless Belt of Phosphorylated Cotton (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTENGINEERING, DESIGN, AND PROCESS DEVELOPMENT Continuous Ion Exchange with an Endless Belt of Phosphorylated CottonC. H. Muendel and W. A. SelkeCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1955, 47, 3, 374–379Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50543a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50543a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views44Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Expression of a synthetic gene coding for the amino acid sequence of <i>Clostridium pasteurianum</i> rubredoxin (1992)

A synthetic gene based on the published amino acid sequence for Clostridium pasteurianum rubredoxin was constructed, cloned in Escherichia coli 71/18 and expressed using the T7 RNA polymerase/promoter system in E. coli HMS273. UV/visible spectroscopy and metal analyses indicated that the as-isolated synthetic gene product is a mixture of holo-(i.e. iron-containing) rubredoxin and zinc-substituted rubredoxin, with the latter amounting to approximately 70% of the total rubredoxin. The UV/visible absorption and resonance Raman spectra of the cloned holorubredoxin are characteristic of the native rubredoxin-type iron site. N-terminal amino acid sequencing suggests that the gene product consists of at least three polypeptide species with the initial sequences (approximate relative abundances): Met-Met-Lys-... (63%), blocked (30%) and Met-Lys-... (7%). The blocked portion presumably consists of a mixture of nMet-Met-Lys-... and nMet-Lys-..., where nMet represents an amino-blocked methionine residue.
ChemInform Abstract: Native Chemical Ligation: A Boon to Peptide Chemistry (2014)

Abstract Review: 116 refs.
Nicotine Modulates Evoked GABAergic Transmission in the Brain (1999)

The effects of nicotine on evoked GABAergic synaptic transmission were examined using whole cell recordings from neurons of the lateral spiriform nucleus in embryonic chick brain slices. All synaptic activities were abolished by the GABA(A) receptor antagonist, bicuculline (20 microM). Under voltage-clamp with KCl-filled pipettes (holding potential -70 mV), nicotine (0.1-1.0 microM) increased the frequency of spontaneous GABAergic currents in a dose-dependent manner. Nicotine enhanced electrically evoked GABAergic transmission only at relatively low concentrations of 50-100 nM (but not 25 nM), which approximate the concentrations of nicotine in the blood produced by cigarette smoking. At higher concentrations nicotine had either no effect (0.25 microM) or diminished (0.5-1.0 microM) evoked GABAergic neurotransmission. Nicotine had no significant effect on the postsynaptic current induced by exogenous GABA (30-50 microM). These data imply that nicotine levels attained in smokers are sufficient to enhance evoked GABAergic transmission in the brain, and that this effect is most likely mediated through activation of presynaptic nicotinic receptors.
Study of TADF Emitters in OLEDs (2015)

Delayed fluorescence through thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) has great potential for the creation of inexpensive and highly efficient white lighting applications, with superior colour rendering. Currently the highest external quantum efficiencies are achieved with small donor-acceptor-donor molecules utilising intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) states, and these molecules require a suitable host matrix to reside in. This thesis studies the effect of host material on the model molecule 2d, a proven efficient TADF emitter through diligent photophysical investigation. A combination of steady state and nanosecond time resolved spectroscopic studies confirm the importance of a high host triplet level to ensure that the ICT state is the lowest energy excited state to avoid high levels of quenching. More interestingly it is shown that the functional group combination of emitter and host is crucial in achieving efficient TADF in OLED devices. In particular combinations where both the host and dopant are carbazole-based should be avoided due to the formation of carbazole dimer. The effect of such dimerisation is to lower the host triplet level significantly, and further to deactivate the ability of the 2d dopant to produce the ICT state required for TADF by locking the 2d dopant in the âplanarâ configuration. It is therefore clear that the chemical composition of the host is of critical importance for the design of future OLED devices. Experiment also suggests that there is a complex interplay between exciplex and ICT emission in 2d systems in the solid state, insofar as CT emission of any description has so far only been observed in conditions where exciplex can and does occur.
Many-membered Carbon Rings. VII. Cycloöctyne (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMany-membered Carbon Rings. VII. CycloöctyneA. T. Blomquist and Liang Huang LiuCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 9, 2153–2154Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01105a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01105a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1190Altmetric-Citations153LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts