gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pseudomonas syringae Type III Effector AvrPtoB Is Phosphorylated in Plant Cells on Serine 258, Promoting Its Virulence Activity (2007)

The Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato protein AvrPtoB is translocated into plant cells via the bacterial type III secretion system. In resistant tomato leaves, AvrPtoB acts as an avirulence protein by interacting with the host Pto kinase and eliciting the host immune response. Pto-mediated immunity requires Prf, a Pto-interacting protein with a putative nucleotide-binding site and a region of leucine-rich repeats. In susceptible tomato plants, which lack either Pto or Prf, AvrPtoB acts as a virulence protein by promoting P. syringae pv. tomato growth and enhancing symptoms associated with bacterial speck disease. The N-terminal 307 amino acids of AvrPtoB (designated AvrPtoB(1-307)) are sufficient for these virulence activities and for Pto-mediated avirulence. We report that AvrPtoB is phosphorylated by a Pto- and Prf-independent kinase activity that is conserved in several plant species, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), Nicotiana benthamiana, and Arabidopsis thaliana. AvrPtoB(1-307) was phosphorylated in tomato protoplasts, and mass spectrometry identified serine 258 as the major in vivo phosphorylation site of this protein. An alanine substitution of Ser(258) resulted in the loss of virulence and the diminution of avirulence activity of AvrPtoB(1-307), whereas a phosphomimetic S258D mutant had activities similar to wild type AvrPtoB(1-307). These observations suggest that AvrPtoB has evolved to mimic a substrate of a conserved plant kinase, leading to enhancement of its virulence and avirulence activities in the host cell.
Evaluation of the donor cell contribution in rh<scp>BMP</scp>‐2 mediated bone formation with chitosan thermogels using fluorescent protein reporter mice (2015)

Our current understanding regarding the contribution of donor cells in growth factor and cell based tissue regeneration strategies is limited. The present study attempts to utilize fluorescent protein reporter mice [Col3.6Topaz (enhanced yellow fluorescent protein, EYFP) as host and Col3.6Cyan (enhanced cyan fluorescent protein, ECFP) as donor] to determine donor cell contribution in bone regeneration using a bilateral calvarial defect model. Thermogelling chitosan hydrogels (Chi-AHP) were used as bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) delivery vehicle in the presence and absence of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). Co-delivery of rhBMP-2 and donor BMSCs led to a significant increase in bone formation indicating the potential of using the combination approach for improved regeneration. On a cellular level, presence of rhBMP-2 resulted in an increased host cell derived osteoblast infiltration at 8 weeks. However, the new mineralized tissue presented two distinct morphological features based on its cellular origin. Regenerated tissue associated with ECFP positive donor cells showed a woven bone-like structure with diffuse alizarin complexone (AC) label and minimal tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, indicating the presence of immature early osteoblast cells depositing mineralized tissue without progressing to a mature lamellar bone. Host derived bone showed sharp mineralization line (AC), strong alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and TRAP activity, indicating the presence of actively mineralizing and remodeling, mature lamellar bone matrix. The study demonstrated the remarkable potential of transgenic reporters to improve our understanding of donor cell contribution during bone formation.
Proteinähnliche Oligomerisierung von Kohlenhydraten (2011)

Zucker kann's auch: Viele Proteine bilden thermodynamisch reversibel Oligomere durch nichtkovalente Wechselwirkungen, die die Funktion der Proteine maßgeblich bestimmen. Erstmals wird nun die Bildung definierter Oligomere einer Klasse von Polysaccharidderivaten, den 6-Desoxy-6-aminocellulosen, beschrieben. Die Oligomerisierung wurde durch Ultrazentrifugations-Experimente belegt. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Independent determination of In and N concentrations in GaInNAs alloys (2009)

High-resolution x-ray diffraction (HRXRD) and photoreflectance ( PR) spectroscopy were used to independently determine the In and N concentrations in GaInNAs alloys grown by solid-source molecular beam epitaxy (SSMBE). The lattice constant and bandgap energy can be expressed as two independent equations in terms of the In and N concentrations, respectively. The HRXRD measurement provided the lattice constant and the PR measurement extracted the bandgap energy. By simultaneously solving these two equations, we have determined the In and N concentrations with the error as small as 0.001.
Contamination estimation via convex relaxations (2015)

Identifying anomalies and contamination in datasets is important in a wide variety of settings. In this paper, we describe a new technique for estimating contamination in large, discrete valued datasets. Our approach considers the normal condition of the data to be specified by a model consisting of a set of distributions. Our key contribution is in our approach to contamination estimation. Specifically, we develop a technique that identifies the minimum number of data points that must be discarded (i.e., the level of contamination) from an empirical data set in order to match the model to within a specified goodness-of-fit, controlled by a p-value. Appealing to results from large deviations theory, we show a lower bound on the level of contamination is obtained by solving a series of convex programs. Theoretical results guarantee the bound converges at a rate of O(√log(p)/p), where p is the size of the empirical data set.
Quality indicators for the management of muscle-invasive bladder cancer in the perioperative setting of radical cystectomy: a narrative review (2022)

Assessment; bladder cancer (BC); muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC); cystectomy; radical cystectomy (RC); quality.
Normative data on snoring: a comparison between younger and older adults (1998)

Snoring is a common sleep-related behaviour. Increased body mass index (BMI), cranio-facial anatomical features, and older age have been linked to the occurrence of snoring. While mostly middle-aged populations have been studied for the occurrence of snoring and sleep-related breathing abnormality, this study was designed to assess the subjective report of snoring and the objective measurement of snoring at the two extremes of human age. The study design called for measurement of snoring in two age groups (college students; n=155 and older subjects; mean age 64.1 yrs n=134) with a mean age difference of 45 yrs. Snoring was assessed with a validated recording device. A validated questionnaire was used to subjectively assess snoring and obtain relevant sleep-related information. Students and older subjects differed in the self-report of snoring. While 83% of students reported "never" or "rarely" snoring only 35% of older subjects fell into these categories. Measurement of snoring during sleep revealed that students spent more time during sleep with continuous snoring than older subjects. In older subjects, a reduction in continuous snoring was accompanied by an increase in apnoeic snoring. Subjective snoring frequency correlated with continuous snoring in students only. A positive family history of snoring increased the odds ratio for self-reported snoring but not for recorded snoring. It has been shown that snoring frequency can vary depending on age and that the congruency between perceived snoring frequency and recorded snoring is influenced by the age of an individual.
Clinical aspects of neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease. (1994)

Clinically a neuroprotective effect can only be presumed under the assumption that impairment of Parkinsonian symptoms, cellular dysfunction and cell degeneration are correlated. From the clinical point of view there is no real chance to demonstrate these correlations. For this reason it seems to be more realistic to differentiate between neuroprotective and functional neuroprotective effects. Bromocriptine as well as selegiline seem to have a functional neuroprotective effect.
Halogenation with <i>N</i>-haloamines in strong acids. II. Kinetics and rate constants (1970)

The kinetics of the radical chain chlorination of decanoic acid by N-chlorodimethylamine and N-chloropiperidine in 2 and 4 M H 2 SO 4 in acetic acid have been examined at 30°. The rate of reaction is proportional to the decanoic acid concentration and to the square root of the rate of chain initiation. The rate controlling step for propagation involves the attack of an aminium radical on decanoic acid, and termination involves the self-reaction of two aminium radicals. The latter reaction may involve the prior, rapid deprotonation of one or both radicals. The propagation rate constant has been estimated to be in the range 7 × 10 2 to 1 × 10 4 M −1 s −1 and the termination rate constant to be in the range 6 × 10 6 to 5 × 10 7 M −1 s −1 .
Canopy Light Interception of a Conventional and an Erect Leafed Sorghum (2015)

Two sorghum lines, an erect leafed mutant sorghum and the wild type from which the mutant was generated, were field grown in rectilinear arrays at low (10 plants m-2) and high (23 plants m-2) population densities. Canopy light interception, biomass accretion and yield were measured. Photosynthetically active radiation under the canopy at ground level and midway through the canopy were higher in the erect leafed line, as compared to the normal leafed line. Planting density had less effect on mean grain yield and biomass in the erect leaf line than in the wild type. Though not conclusive, when taken together, the results suggested that optimal planting densities are higher for the erect leaf line and that the erect leaf trait could be useful for incorporation into breeding programs.
Loss of SMAD3 Promotes Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension via MRTF Disinhibition (2017)

Loss of SMAD3 presents a novel pathomechanism in PAH that promotes vascular cell proliferation and-via MRTF disinhibition-hypertrophy of huPASMCs, thereby reconciling the parallel induction of a synthetic and contractile huPASMC phenotype.
A Substrate Mimetic Approach for Influenza Neuraminidase Inhibitors. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cross-Species Genome-Wide Analysis Reveals Molecular and Functional Diversity of the Unconventional Interferon-ω Subtype (2019)

Innate immune interferons (IFNs), particularly type I IFNs, are primary mediators regulating animal antiviral, antitumor, and cell-proliferative activity. These antiviral cytokines have evolved remarkable molecular and functional diversity to confront ever-evolving viral threats and physiological regulation. We have annotated IFN gene families across 110 animal genomes, and showed that IFN genes, after originating in jawed fishes, had several significant evolutionary surges in vertebrate species of amphibians, bats and ungulates, particularly pigs and cattle. For example, pigs have the largest but still expanding type I IFN family consisting of nearly 60 IFN-coding genes that encode seven IFN subtypes including multigene subtypes of IFN-α, -δ, and -ω. Whereas, subtypes such as IFN-α and -β have been widely studied in many species, the unconventional subtypes such as IFN-ω have barely been investigated. We have cross-species defined the IFN evolution, and shown that unconventional IFN subtypes particularly the IFN-ω subtype have evolved several novel features including: (1) being a signature multi-gene subtype expanding primarily in mammals such as bats and ungulates, (2) emerging isoforms that have superior antiviral potency than typical IFN-α, (3) highly cross-species antiviral (but little anti-proliferative) activity exerted in cells of humans and other mammalian species, and (4) demonstrating potential novel molecular and functional properties. This study focused on IFN-ω to investigate the immunogenetic evolution and functional diversity of unconventional IFN subtypes, which may further IFN-based novel antiviral design pertinent to their cross-species high antiviral and novel activities.
Matlab Script for Generating Actuation Space (2010)

This Matlab code generates a flexure system's actuation space as well as the force and displacement actuator outputs for actuating a particular DOF
Online Retail Systems in the Global COVID-19 Pandemic (2021)

The Covid-19 global pandemic has threatened the global economy; and pose serious daily challenges to companies, organizations, and firms worldwide. Our paper focuses on the adaptations to changes made by retailers through their online retail systems in response to the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 & 2021. This study begins with the benefits of online retail then explaining the differences between thriving and failing businesses. These changes are derived from CDC recommendations and guidelines that drove businesses to implement new marketing and business techniques and resort to online sales. Also discussed are the challenges of online retail systems such as security and fraud, customer loyalty and trust, inventory management, and malfunctions of online retail infrastructure. These challenges lead our paper into the complications of any business which failed to adapt to the pandemic. Furthermore, we highlight implications for theory and research.
Higher order frequency multipliers-a solution for MM- and subMM-wave local oscillator signal generation (2003)

A frequency quadrupler for 140 GHz and frequency doublers for 183 GHz and 230 GHz have been analyzed both theoretically and experimentally. The generation of a 345-GHz signal using a doubler, tripler, quadrupler, or two cascaded doublers and the generation of a 460-GHz signal using a doubler, quadrupler, or two cascaded doublers have been theoretically compared. It is found that if tube oscillators are available at 170-230 GHz, the best choice for producing 345 or 460 GHz signals is a doubler. This is due to its relative simplicity, which allows a wider operational range in comparison to higher order multipliers. However, if an all-solid-state source is required, a higher order multiplier is often a more reasonable choice.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Two-Dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics and Conduction Simulations of Heat Transfer in Horizontal Window Frames with Internal Cavities (2008)

This paper assesses the accuracy of the simplified frame cavity conduction/convection and radiation models presented in ISO 15099 and used in software for rating and labeling window products.Temperatures and U-factors for typical horizontal window frames with internal cavities are compared; results from Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations with detailed radiation modeling are used as a reference.Four different frames were studied.Two were made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and two of aluminum.For each frame, six different simulations were performed, two with a CFD code and four with a buildingcomponent thermal-simulation tool using the Finite Element Method (FEM).This FEM tool addresses convection using correlations from ISO 15099; it addressed radiation with either correlations from ISO 15099 or with a detailed, view-factor-based radiation model.Calculations were performed using the CFD code with and without fluid flow in the window frame cavities; the calculations without fluid flow were performed to verify that the CFD code and the building-component thermal-simulation tool produced consistent results.With the FEM-code, the practice of subdividing small frame cavities was examined, in some cases not subdividing, in some cases subdividing cavities with interconnections smaller than five millimeters (mm) (ISO 15099) and in some cases subdividing cavities with interconnections smaller than seven mm (a breakpoint that has been suggested in other studies).For the various frames, the calculated U-factors were found to be quite comparable (the maximum difference between the reference CFD simulation and the other simulations was found to be 13.2 percent).A maximum difference of 8.5 percent was found between the CFD simulation and the FEM simulation using ISO 15099 procedures.The ISO 15099 correlation works best for frames with high U-factors.For more efficient frames, the relative differences among various simulations are larger.Temperature was also compared, at selected locations on the frames.Small differences was found in the results from model to model.Finally, the effectiveness of the ISO cavity radiation algorithms was examined by comparing results from these algorithms to detailed radiation calculations (from both programs).Our results suggest that improvements in cavity heat transfer calculations can be obtained by using detailed radiation modeling (i.e.view-factor or ray-tracing models), and that incorporation of these strategies may be more important for improving the accuracy of results than the use of CFD modeling for horizontal cavities.
Photoaffinity labeling of bacteriorhodopsin with 3-([1-14C]diazoacetoxy)-trans-retinal (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoaffinity labeling of bacteriorhodopsin with 3-([1-14C]diazoacetoxy)-trans-retinalRanjan Sen, Theodore S. Widlanski, Valeria Balogh-Nair, and Koji NakanishiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 15, 5160–5162Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00353a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00353a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views57Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Simulation of broadband fwa networks in high-rise cities with linear antenna polarisation (2004)

A ray-tracing algorithm is used to simulate broadband radio propagation at 3.5 GHz for a FWA network in a high-rise city environment. Both coverage and uplink interference are investigated, with linear antenna polarisation. It is shown that some rooftop locations are unsuitable positions for SU's, due to the existence of single or multiple-bounce reflected rays causing uplink interference. It is usually possible to find a SU position just a few metres away on the same rooftop which gives much lower uplink interference.
SOLUBILITY OF URANIUM IN LIQUID BISMUTH. Final Report, February 4, 1958- December 31, 1958 (1959)

The design of the Liquid Metal Fuel Reactor Experiment requires quantitative data on the solubility of U in molten Bi and in Bi plus other additives. In the prosecution of this investigation, the independent experimental techniques employed were chemical analysis of samples obtained by filtration from saturated melts and determination of the variation of electrical resistance with temperature. As an adjunct to this investigation an improved spectrochemical analytical technique was developed. U solubility in molten Bi was determined at 350 to 600 deg C, varying from 0.09 wt.% (900 ppm) to near 2 wt.%, respectively. The effect of Zr, Mg, simulated fission products, and Na on U solubility in Bi were also determined at 370 to 420 deg C. Zr severely decreased U solubility; Mg added to the ternary system Bi-U-Zr has little effect below 375 to 390 deg C (dependent upon Mg concentration) but causes the U solubility to rapidly increase above that temperature, equalling that in the binary system Bi-U near 405 deg C. The other additives have only slight effects on U solubility when added to the system Bi-U-Zr-Mg. Information is included on metal fiber filters, design of electrode for spectrochemical analyses, and chemical analytical procedures. (auth)
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Formation of α‐Aryl Ketones by C—H Functionalization with Cyclic Alkenyl Carbonates and One‐Pot Synthesis of Isocoumarins. (2016)

Abstract The Rh‐catalyzed α‐acylalkylation of arenes containing a heteroaryl or amide directing group proceeds in moderate to high yields.
Effect of Norepinephrine on Insulin, Glucagon, and Somatostatin Secretion in Isolated Perifused Rat Islets (1979)

The rate of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin secretion was measured from isolated rat islets maintained in a perifusion system. The effect of norepinephrine (NE) was simultaneously determined on the release rate of all three hormones. Norepinephrine was employed at an acute dose of 10 micrometers and in graded doses from 1 nM to 10 micrometers in the presence of high (22 mM) and low (1.4 mM) glucose conditions, insulin secretion was maximally inhibited at 10 micrometers NE concentration and was significantly depressed at 100 mM NE concentration. Under both high and low glucose conditions, glucagon release was maximally stimulated at 10 micrometers NE concentration and was significantly elevated at 10 nM NE concentration. Under high and low glucose conditions, somatostatin release was inhibited by 10 micrometers NE concentration and was significantly depressed at 100 nM NE concentration. During the initial maximal stimulation of glucagon, NE inhibition of somatostatin and insulin was prevented, possibly by the high level of glucagon released. A paracrine effect of glucagon on beta and delta cells is proposed.