gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-User Detection for Improving VoIP Capacity and Coverage in WCDMA Uplink (2009)

In this paper, we study how the capacity and coverage of voice over internet protocol (VoIP) in the WCDMA uplink can be improved by using advanced base station receivers capable of multi-user detection (MUD). To avoid the complexity of joint-detection, a multi-stage successive interference cancellation (SIC) detector or parallel interference cancellation (PIC) detector is used as an implementation of MUD. To further reduce complexity, time-division multiplexing (TDM) is used to separate user groups in time so that MUD can focus on a smaller number of overlapping signals. SIC or PIC cancels a number of temporarily detected user signals from the receive signal before detecting another user signal. A temporarily detected user signal can be regenerated based on demodulated data or decoded data, and based on hard-decision values or soft-decision values. We find that a two-stage SIC or PIC process improves VoIP performance significantly and having more detection stages beyond two does not further improve performance by much. The improved performance allows a VoIP user to reduce the average transmit power, which translates to VoIP capacity and coverage increases. Furthermore, we find that the individual user performance is not sensitive to its detection order. We also quantify the relative performance between the various signal regeneration schemes considered. As expected, post-decoding interference cancellation (IC) offers a significant gain over pre-decoding IC. Furthermore, we find that post-decoding IC is robust to traffic load variations. Also, soft-decision based cancellation achieved the best performance. However, the performance improvement is small compared to hard-decision based cancellation. Finally, we see that MUD can work with G-Rake to suppress one dominant other-cell interfering signal, e.g., due to a high-data-rate user in another cell.
Specificity of Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors in the Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (1990)

To evaluate whether serotonin reuptake inhibition is critical to the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, 40 outpatients with a principal diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder were randomized in a double-blind fashion to 8 weeks of treatment with either the serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluvoxamine maleate (n = 21) or the norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor desipramine hydrochloride (n = 19). Fluvoxamine was significantly better than desipramine in reducing the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, as measured by the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and by the global response rate ("responder" equaling "much improved"). Eleven of 21 patients were responders with fluvoxamine compared with 2 of 19 patients with desipramine. Fluvoxamine, but not desipramine, was also effective in reducing the severity of "secondary" depression. Fluvoxamine-induced improvement in symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder was not correlated with the severity of baseline depressive symptoms. This study provides additional evidence that the acute serotonin reuptake properties of a drug are predictive of its anti-obsessive-compulsive efficacy. It is hypothesized that the mechanism of action of serotonin reuptake inhibitors in obsessive-compulsive disorder may be related to chronic treatment-induced adaptive changes in presynaptic serotonin receptor function (eg, autoreceptor desensitization) and/or indirect influences on dopaminergic function (eg, in the basal ganglia).
Adaptable, Multi-Mission Design of CanX Nanosatellites (2006)

Through the development of a low-cost, 5 kg multi-mission nanosatellite bus at the University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies’ Space Flight Laboratory, a number of new and interesting applications are now possible on a nanosatellite platform. Two ventures currently underway that adopt the multi-mission nanosatellite bus are an astronomy mission, CanX-3 (also known as the BRight Target Explorer - BRITE), and a dual-satellite formation flight mission, CanX-4/5. CanX-3 is a space telescope that will monitor long-term light fluctuations from the brightest stars in our galaxy to study stellar structure and galactic evolution. CanX-4/5 will demonstrate precise formation flight by controlling position to the 1 m level, and by providing determination with an order of magnitude better accuracy, all via a commercial GPS receiver and a custom propulsion system. The driving force behind the multi-mission concept is the objective of reducing non-recurring engineering design costs. While this approach violates microspace philosophy by not tailoring to each specific mission, this paper argues that consideration and combination of the mission requirement sets allow a limited generic approach that holds to the basic tenets of the philosophy, allowing substantial cost savings to be realized, over and above the case of tailoring to specific mission interests.
Morphological evaluation of canine autogeneous vein grafts in the arterial circulation. (1978)

This article presents the design and test of a receiver front end aimed at LMDS applications at 28.5 GHz. It presents a system-level design after which the receiver was designed. The receiver comprises an LNA, quadrature mixer and quadrature local oscillator. Experimental results at 24 GHz center frequency show a conversion voltage gain of 15 dB and conversion noise figure of 14.5 dB. The receiver operates from a 2.5 V power supply with a total current consumption of 31 mA. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 736-740, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25010
Monocytes and vascular lesions. (1986)

Current literature has shown increasing indications of the involvement of monocytes in the generation of vascular lesions and atherosclerosis. Such involvement appears to be mediated by the ability of monocytes to disrupt the integrity of blood vessel wall, initiate and accelerate blood coagulation processes and/or regulate the growth pattern of blood vessel wall cells. At least in two pathological situations, namely hypercholesterolemia and diabetes mellitus, the association between monocytes and atherogenesis is strongly indicated.
PDATS II: improved compression of address traces (1999)

The tremendous storage space required for a useful data base of memory reference traces has prompted a search for trace compaction techniques. PDATS is the standard trace format used in the NMSU TraceBase, a widely used archive of memory and instruction traces. The PDATS family of trace compression techniques achieves trace coding densities of about six references per byte with no loss of reference type or address information by using differential run-length encoding. This paper proposes an improvement on the PDATS scheme that doubles the typical compression ratio without losing information.
Insulin Resistance in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats: Difference in Interpretation Based on Insulin Infusion Rate or on Plasma Insulin in Glucose Clamp Studies (1993)

Isotopic glucose turnover was measured during euglycemic glucose clamp studies in spontaneously hypertensive rats and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto control rats, under pentobarbital sodium anesthesia. At an insulin infusion rate of 4 mU.kg-1 x min-1, glucose disposal rate and hepatic glucose output were not significantly different in either group, at a plasma glucose of 6 mM. However, steady-state plasma insulin levels in spontaneously hypertensive rats were more than double those in Wistar-Kyoto rats (2.34 +/- 0.16 [mean +/- SE] vs. 6.78 +/- 0.58 nM, P < 0.00005, n = 7 in each group). Additional studies (n = 30 in spontaneously hypertensive rats and n = 32 in Wistar-Kyoto control rats) were conducted to match insulin levels in the two groups over a wide range, using infusion rates of 0.5-10 mU.kg-1 x min-1. When the responses of glucose disposal rate and hepatic glucose output to insulin were analyzed from the standpoint of plasma insulin levels, a highly significant difference was seen in the response to insulin between spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats, for both glucose disposal rate (P < 0.000005) and hepatic glucose output (P = 0.00007). The slope of the regression line for glucose disposal rate versus plasma insulin was lower in spontaneously hypertensive rats compared with Wistar-Kyoto rats (2.652 vs. 4.864, P < 0.001), indicating that insulin stimulation of glucose disposal rate was reduced by 50% in spontaneously hypertensive rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Marek disease virus encodes a basic-leucine zipper gene resembling the fos/jun oncogenes that is highly expressed in lymphoblastoid tumors. (1992)

Marek disease virus (MDV) is a herpesvirus of chickens that induces T lymphomas within 3 weeks of infection. The short latency and polyclonal nature of MDV-induced tumors have suggested that the virus may encode one or more direct-acting oncogenes. To date, however, no MDV-specific tumor antigens or candidate transforming genes have been demonstrated. In this paper, we report the identification of a MDV gene encoding a protein with homology to the leucine-zipper class of nuclear oncogenes. It also contains a proline-rich domain characteristic of another class of transcription factors. This gene, designated meq, maps to the long repeat of MDV and is one of the few genes that are highly expressed in MDV-induced T-cell tumors. To our knowledge, a herpesvirus gene closely related to the fos/jun family of oncogenes has not been reported previously.
Computerized Thermal Analysis of Hybrid Circuits (1977)

A computer program was written to perform steady-state analysis for hybrid circuits. The output of the program gives the temperature of each power dissipating element in the hybrid. The program is based upon solution of Laplace's equation in three dimensions using Fourier techniques. The assumptions made are: no convection or radiation, constant and isotropic thermal conductivity for any single material, and constant temperature at the bottom of the hybrid package. Bessel's inequality allows one to input the desired accuracy and to determine where the infinite series should be truncated. Theoretically, the program will attain any desired accuracy less than 100 percent, but practical considerations of computer run times limit accuracies to the 90- to 95-percent region. The program has been tested by comparing computer results to known theoretical exact solutions and to actual measurements on sample hybrids. When compared to known theoretical exact solutions, the computer result accuracy is between 95 and 100 percent. When compared to actual measurements on sample hybrids, the computer result accuracy is between 90 and 95 percent. This program has been used successfully on over twenty circuit designs. It has also been used to evaluate simpler types of thermal anal- yses.
Towards efficient algorithms for deadlock detection and resolution in distributed systems (2003)

A theoretical framework for wait-for systems is provided, and general characteristics of a correct algorithm for deadlock detection and resolution are presented. It is shown that the computational upper bounds (number of messages) for deadlock detection and resolution are both O(n/sup 3/) in the worst case when n transactions are involved. This result is better than previous ones, which often are even exponential. Two correct deadlock detection and resolution algorithms are described which both achieve these upper bounds.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Automatic, localized <i>in Vivo</i> adjustment of all first‐and second‐order shim coils (1993)

The implementation of a "fast, automatic shimming technique by mapping along projections" (FASTMAP) on a 2.1-Tesla whole-body system is described. The method provides a localized adjustment of all first- (X, Y, Z) and second-order (Z2, ZX, ZY, X2-Y2, 2XY) coils in 2 min. The time savings are achieved by mapping the magnetic field along six projections rather than from whole-imaging data sets. An analysis of noise error propagation suggests that in 64-ml volumes the residual linewidths obtained with the method are negligible when the signal-to-rms-noise ratio is above 30. The initial application of the method to localized 13C, 31P, and 1H spectroscopy of the human brain resulted in linewidths of approximately 2 Hz for 13C (144-ml volume), approximately 2.5 Hz for 31P (36-ml volume) and approximately 4 Hz for 1H (36-ml volume) with symmetric and reproducible lineshapes.
Knowledge-Based System ADNEXPERT to Assist the Sonographic Diagnosis of Adnexal Tumors (1997)

ADNEXPERT is a knowledge-based system for the computer-assisted ultrasound diagnosis of adnexal tumors. In a case-based approach, ADNEXPERT used histopathologic and sonographic data from 2,290 adnexal tumors. After an ultrasound examination, the gynecologist interacts with the system. A maximum of 15 questions are posed; all but one question (age) relate to the sonographic findings. The help system gives online access to an ultrasound image library. Once the dialogue is complete, ADNEXPERT assesses the adnexal tumor pathology and makes a histological classification. A certainty factor (CF) model is used for knowledge representation. The CFs of the knowledge base are computed from the case database. During system evaluation, the accuracy of ADNEXPERT was tested by 69 new adnexal tumor cases, for which verified histopathological diagnoses were available. ADNEXPERT accurately assessed pathology in 49 cases (71%); in 10 cases (14%) correct indications to pathology were given; no diagnostic hints were attained in 2 cases (3%); and 8 cases (12%) were falsely diagnosed. Based on the positive results of the evaluation, ADNEXPERT will be tested under clinical conditions.
Introduction (1985)

Abstract In the forest hills of Oregon, a middle-aged man sits in an underground bunker surrounded by canned and powdered food supplies, bottled water, ammunition, reserves of electrical battery and generator power. He has mined the perimeter surrounding his bunker with explosives to protect it from assault by those who might come to steal away his “life support” system. The man in the bunker is a survivalist who plans to live long beyond any revolutionary change in American society resulting from war or decreases in energy and fuel resources. On the other side of the continent, there is a 75-year-old attorney retiring from one of the nations' most prestigious, high-powered law firms. His entire career has been characterized by extreme stress, yet he retires a healthy man who foresees years of leisurely retirement living. In Los Angeles, California, a 40-year-old couple begin their four-times-a-day regimen of consuming megadoses of vitamins, drugs and nutrients in an experiment they believe will result in prolonged life (l).' They are part of a growing “life extension” movement that proliferates across the country in life extension seminars whose participants are largely health conscious, high- income young professionals who seek to retard the aging process and keep themselves mmune from illnesses. All three examples point toward a major focus of death research not fully investigated-namely, the area of survivorship.
A comparative study of the activity of first and second generation cephalosporins and their combinations with beta-lactamase inhibitors against Bacteroides fragilis. (1991)

The sensitivity of 160 strains of Bacteroides fragilis, 74 beta-lactamase-positive and 86 negative, to two first generation and four second generation cephalosporins, alone and in combination with clavulanic acid and sulbactam, was investigated. For the susceptibility test the dilution method in agar was used. The detection of beta-lactamase production by this micro-organism was performed by means of the method using chromogenic cephalosporin of Nitrocefin. In both strains an important improvement in the activity of cephalothin, cephazolin, cefonicid and cefamandole was noted when they were combined with the two inhibitors. In combinations of cefoxitin and cefmetazole, no significant improvement was evident in the values of the parameters studied in the beta-lactamase-producing strains; and even in beta-lactamase-negative strains these values showed only a slight increase.
Fault-tolerant computing: fundamental concepts (1990)

The basic concepts of fault-tolerant computing are reviewed, focusing on hardware. Failures, faults, and errors in digital systems are examined, and measures of dependability, which dictate and evaluate fault-tolerance strategies for different classes of applications, are defined. The elements of fault-tolerance strategies are identified, and various strategies are reviewed. They are: error detection, masking, and correction; error detection and correction codes; self-checking logic; module replication for error detection and masking; protocol and timing checks; fault containment; reconfiguration and repair; and system recovery.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Design of II Impedance Matching Networks (1994)

The Q-based method of ll impedance matching network design is studied systematically. A more practical definition of the loaded quality factor Q than that used hitherto is adopted. Designable conditions and design formulas based on the loaded Q are analytically demonstrated. Accurate explicit expressions of network frequency responses and harmonic rejection in term of the loaded Q are established and a method of determining the loaded Q for the required harmonic attenuation is developed. We also formulat,e all t,olerance and parasitic sensitivities and their relations to the loaded Q.
Assessment: How Hard Can It Be? (2008)

An abnormal T cell response to HCV viral infection is speculated to cause viral persistence, although the mechanism(s) is not understood. Using a classical in vitro test of T cell vigor, proliferative responses to PHA were determined in PBLs from 92 HCV+ individuals and 35 healthy noninfected controls. In addition, since HLA antigens modulate proliferation, surface HLA content was measured by quantitative flow cytometry. The proliferative response of cells from HCV+ individuals was lower than that of controls (SI of 91 +/- 70 vs 219 +/- 70, P < .0001). In addition, class I content was underexpressed on cells from HCV+ individuals (4540 +/- 1359 vs 13,180 +/- 5511 MESF units, P < .0001) after 5 days of PHA stimulation. Class II content was also lower than that of controls (89 +/- 17 vs 124 +/- 61 MESF units, P < .0001) after PHA stimulation. Treatment of cells from HCV+ individuals with a high dose of PHA corrected proliferative hyporesponsiveness (P < 0.01) and class I and II insufficiency (P = 0.02). Treatment with exogenous IL-2 or IFN-gamma corrected proliferative reduction (P < 0.01) but not HLA antigen content (P = ns). The results show a biochemical and functional abnormality in PBLs from HCV+ individuals, which may contribute to HCV chronicity.
Explicit expanders and the Ramanujan conjectures (1986)

Background. The aim of this note is to give an explicit construction of a rich family of k-regular (except for k =k) of the adjacency matrix satisfy Ikjl < 2 k~-l. graphs for which all the eigenvalues kj This bound is optimal (see Proposition 2.1). We call such graphs Ramanujan graphs.
CCR7 Is Recruited to the Immunological Synapse, Acts as Co-stimulatory Molecule and Drives LFA-1 Clustering for Efficient T Cell Adhesion Through ZAP70 (2019)

The chemokine receptor CCR7 guides T cells and dendritic cells to and within lymph nodes to launch the onset of adaptive immunity. Here, we demonstrate that CCR7 in addition acts as a potent co-stimulatory molecule in T cell activation. We found that antigen recognition and engagement of the TCR results in CCR7 accumulation at the immunological synapse where CCR7 and the TCR co-localize within sub-synaptic vesicles. We demonstrate that CCR7 triggering alone is sufficient to recruit and activate ZAP70, a critical kinase for T cell activation, through Src kinase, whereas TCR CCR7 co-stimulation results in increased and prolonged ZAP70 kinase activity. Finally, we show that ZAP70, acting as adapter molecule, is critical for CCR7-mediated inside-out signaling to integrins, thereby modulating LFA-1 valency regulation to promote cell adhesion, a key step in immunological synapse formation and efficient T cell activation.
An apparatus for magneto-optical spectroscopy by magnetic field modulation (1977)

Apparatus is described for magneto-optical measurements in solids at liquid helium temperature using a modulated magnetic field. The AC magnetic field is generated by a small coil placed at the centre of a static superconducting magnet. In this arrangement mechanical vibrations are avoided completely. Joule losses in the coil are minimized in order to reduce liquid helium dissipation. Interesting and original results have been achieved on excitons and Landau levels in CdS and CdSe.
Postprandial antropyloroduodenal motility and gastric emptying in gastroparesis--effects of cisapride. (1994)

There is little information about the organisation of antroduodenal contractions or pyloric motility in patients with gastroparesis. The mechanisms responsible for the acceleration of gastric emptying by cisapride in patients with gastroparesis are also poorly understood. Simultaneous manometric and scintigraphic recordings were performed in 12 patients with gastroparesis and nine healthy volunteers before and after cisapride administration. Antropyloroduodenal pressures were recorded with a sleeve/side hole manometric assembly and gastric emptying with a scintigraphic method. Thirty minutes after the solid component of the test meal had begun to empty from the stomach all subjects received 5 mg cisapride intravenously over 10 minutes and recordings continued for a further 60 minutes. In the 30 minutes before cisapride there was no significant difference in the number of antral pressure waves (median 20 v 33, NS), basal pyloric pressure, or the number of isolated pyloric pressure waves between patients and volunteers, but the number of antral waves of extent > or = 6 cm (median 1 v 5, p < 0.05) was less in the patients, as was gastric emptying (8% v 20%, p < 0.05). In the patients, there was no change in the number of antral waves after cisapride, but there was an increase in the number of antral waves > or = 6 cm in extent (median 7 v 1, p < 0.05) and in the rate of gastric emptying (26% v 8%, p < 0.01). In the healthy subjects, cisapride increased gastric emptying (31% v 20%, p < 0.05), but reduced the number of antral waves (10 v 33, p < 0.05). Cisapride had no significant effect on the number of antral waves of extent more than or equal to 6 cm (11 v 5, NS). The number of isolated pyloric pressure waves decreased after cisapride (4 v 11, p < 0.05). There was a relationship between gastric emptying and the number of antral pressure waves of extent more than or equal to 6 cm in both the patients (r=0.38, p<0.05) and healthy subjects (r=0.05, p<0.01). There was no significant relationship between gastric emptying and the number of antral waves. It is concluded that disturbance of the relationship between antral, pyloric, and duodenal pressure waves is a major abnormality of postprandial gastric motor function in patients with gastroparesis. The stimulation of antral pressure waves of extent more than or equal to 6 cm may contribute to the acceleration of gastric emptying produced by cisapride in patients with gastroparesis and in normal subjects.