gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geometric Modeling and Meshing Characteristics of the Toroidal Drive (2004)

This paper investigates the geometric properties of the toroidal drive, reveals the meshing characteristics, and develops analytical models of both axial section and normal section of the toroidal tooth profile. Based on coordinate transformation, the meshing function is obtained and leads to the necessary condition of existence of the enveloping surface. The helix and helix lead angle are then proposed for meshing between the sun-worm and planet worm-gears and both undercutting curve and meshing limit curve are introduced. This further leads to the induced normal curvature for evaluating gearing properties and the selection of the best suitable meshing parameters. The geometric analysis and analytical modeling present a tool for design, leading to three tables of numerical results and design parameters. This is then demonstrated in a three-dimensional modeling of both helical sun-worm and stationary internal gear of the toroidal drive.
Quantitation of automated single‐voxel proton MRS using cerebral water as an internal reference (1996)

Data from a previously published, multi-site trial (P.G. Webb, N. Sailasuta, S.J. Kohler, T. Raidy, R.A. Moats, R.E. Hurd. Automated single-voxel proton MRS: technical development and multisite verification. Magn. Reson. Med. 31, 365-373 (1994)) of a fully automatic, single-voxel, proton spectroscopy package (PROBE/SV, GE Medical Systems) was re-analyzed in terms of absolute metabolite concentrations using the cerebral water signal as an internal reference. In 100 spectra from parietal white matter in normal volunteers ranging in age from 22 to 34 years at eight sites, overall concentrations of choline (Cho) creatine (Cr), and N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) resonances were found to be 2.00 +/- 0.50, 8.43 +/- 1.28, and 12.55 +/- 1.76 mumol/g wet weight, respectively. These values are in good general agreement with previously published values from quantitative, single-voxel studies. Metabolite concentrations for NAA, Cr, and Cho across all sites had standard deviations of 14.1%, 14.9%, and 25.1%, respectively. Quantitation of PROBE data sets is routinely possible by using the cerebral water signal as an internal reference.
Numerical Study of Supersonic Flow over Backward-Facing Step for Scramjet Application (2012)

n scramjets. Supersonic BFS flow is analyzed computationally, focusing on turbulence models, turbulence parameters, wall temperature and heat flux, and predictions are compared with published experimental work. The Reynoldsstress turbulence model gives be tter predictions for reattachment length and for near� step flow, compared to other turbulence models. The SST k�ω model is accurate in the shear layer regio n. Reattachment length varies inversely with inlet turbulence intensity. Increasing isothermal wall temperature increases the normalized reattachment length while inlet Mach number affects the reattachment length inversely, in contrast with previous findings for subsonic flow. Nomenclature
Isolation of Temperature-Sensitive Membrane Mutants of <i>Escherichia coli</i> K-12 (1973)

Mutants with impaired biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids or altered metabolism of the phospholipids were isolated at a rather high frequency from a set of temperature-sensitive lysis mutants. It is suggested that preselection for the lysis phenotype makes it possible to isolate several kinds of mutants affected in the integrity of the cytoplasmic membrane.
Anisotropic wetting and de-wetting of drops on substrates patterned with polygonal posts (2012)

We present results showing how water drops, produced by ink-jet printing, spread on surfaces patterned with lattices of diamond or triangular posts. Considering post widths typically ~7 m and lattice spacings between 15-40 m, we observe drop shapes with 3,4 and 6-fold symmetry, depending on both the symmetry of the lattice and the shape of the posts. This is a result of the different mechanisms of interface pinning and depinning which depend on the direction of the contact line motion with respect to the post shape. Lattice Boltzmann simulations are used to describe these mechanisms in detail for triangular posts. We also follow the motion of the contact line as the drops evaporate showing that they tend to return to their original shape. To explain this we show that the easy direction for movement is the same for spreading and drying drops. We compare the behaviour of small drops with that of larger drops created by jetting several drops at the same position. We find that the contact line motion is unexpectedly insensitive to drop volume, even when a spherical cap of fluid forms above the posts. The findings are relevant to microfluidic applications and to the control of drop shapes in ink-jet printing.
A Universal and Cost-Effective Fuel Gauge Sensor Based on Wave Propagation Effects in Solid Metal Rods (1994)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In recognition of safety considerations, modern fuel tanks are frequently extremely irregular in shape. This places limits on the application of conventional potentiometric sensors. Required are more universal sensors without mechanically-moving parts. These sensors should also be characterized by especially good resolution and precision in the residual-quantity range, that is, the zero point precision should be of a high order.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">One type of metal rod can be bent into any of a variety of shapes to provide an effective means of monitoring the fuel level. In this metal rod, the propagation characteristics of a certain type of sound wave, known as bending waves, display major variations according to the level of the surrounding medium: The waves spread more rapidly through the exposed section of the rod than through the area which remains submerged. Thus the rod's characteristic oscillation frequency varies as a function of immersion depth. For electric processing, electromagnetic excitation is employed to induce ultrasonic oscillations in the rod. The phase at the exposed end of the rod is regulated to a constant value in order to maintain the rod at a characteristic natural frequency corresponding to the instantaneous fuel level. It is possible to maintain temperature-induced fluctuations in both zero-point stability and sensitivity at minimal levels through careful selection of suitable rod material and an appropriate operating frequency. Suitable profiles can be employed to optimize other operating parameters and adapt the sensor for use with specific measurement ranges.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The present treatise reports on the basic principles of the process - the theory of which is simple to describe and simulate - as well as initial research results.</div>
Optical data storage readout with quadrant pupil detection (1996)

A novel detection scheme that uses combinations of quadrant signals derived in a pupil of the optical system is described for optical storage devices. The signals arise because of an asymmetry in the reflected light distribution when the focused spot scans data with a nonzero tracking offset. Theoretical and scalar diffraction characterization indicates that the signals may be useful for improved data density by reducing intertrack interference (cross talk). The signals may also be useful for providing a tracking error signal.
A randomized trial of the efficacy and safety of quilizumab in adults with inadequately controlled allergic asthma (2016)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01582503.
Administration of loperamide and addition of wheat bran to the diets of weaner pigs decrease the incidence of diarrhoea and enhance their gut maturation (2009)

The influence of fibre inclusion and transit time regulation on the performance, health status, microbial activity and population, physico-chemical characteristics of the hindgut digesta and intestinal morphology in early weaned pigs were examined. For these experiments, wheat bran (WB) was used as fibre source and loperamide as a drug (LOP) to increase the digesta transit time. In Expt 1, a total of 128 early weaned pigs were randomly distributed in a 2 x 2 factorial combination of WB inclusion (0 v. 40 g/kg) and LOP administration (0 v. 0.07 mg/kg body weight) during 13 d. For Expt 2, a total of twenty-four piglets were allotted to three dietary treatments for 15 d with the same basal diet (control diet) as Expt 1; a diet with 80 g/kg of WB and the combination of WB and LOP. In Expt 1, LOP improved the average daily feed intake and average daily gain of the animals (P = 0.001 and 0.007, respectively). The same result was obtained when WB was combined with LOP. The WB-LOP group also showed a higher concentration of SCFA (P = 0.013), acetic acid (P = 0.004) and propionic acid (P = 0.093). On the other hand, WB inclusion reduced the organic matter and crude protein digestibility (P = 0.001) and tended to decrease the enterobacteria population (P = 0.089). In Expt 2, WB increased the butyric acid concentration (P = 0.086). We concluded that the inclusion of WB to modify the intestinal microbiota activity combined with LOP may be beneficial to animal health and performance.
Method for quantitative mapping of dynamic MRI contrast agent uptake in human tumors (2001)

A method is presented for the acquisition and analysis of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI data, focused on the characterization of tumors in humans. Gadolinium (Gd) contrast was administered by bolus injection, and its effect was monitored in time by fast T1-weighted MRI. A simple algorithm was developed for automatic extraction of the arterial input function (AIF) from the DCE-MRI data. This AIF was used in the pixelwise pharmacokinetic determination of physiological vascular parameters in normal and tumor tissue. Maps were reconstructed to show the spatial distribution of parameter values. To test the reproducibility of the method 11 patients with different types of tumors were measured twice, and the rate of contrast agent uptake in the tumor was calculated. The results show that normalizing the DCE-MRI data using individual coregistered AIFs, instead of one common AIF for all patients, substantially reduces the variation between successive measurements. It is concluded that the proposed method enables the reproducible assessment of contrast agent uptake rates.
Aortic grafts of polyurethane in dogs (1960)

Membranes and abdominal aortic grafts made of Polyurethane VC and of polyurethane foam were inserted in 35 dogs. The reaction of the tissues to polyurethane was studied and the functioning of the aortic grafts with smooth internal surfaces (membrane form of polyurethane) was compared to that of those with spongy internal surfaces (foam form of polyurethane). Polyurethane VC membrane became encapsulated by an envelope of fibrous tissue and appeared to lose some strength inside the body, but fibrous tissue grew into polyurethane foam, strengthening it. The nine smooth grafts made of Polyurethane VC membrane all thrombosed, but 80% of the foam grafts remained open. This confirmed the observations of other workers that a smooth internal surface is undesirable in arterial transplants. The grafts of polyurethane foam functioned well as aortic replacements. They have many of the requirements of an ideal arterial transplant and are being studied further. Submitted on April 1, 1959
Research note : Unsuitability of the MRS medium for the screening of hydrogen peroxide‐producing lactic acid bacteria (1997)

The effect of MRS broth on the stability of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been studied. Known concentrations (1-100 micrograms ml-1) of H2O2 were prepared in distilled water, phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) and MRS broth (pH 6.2 and 3.9). H2O2 was very stable in aqueous and buffer solutions but it was rapidly degraded in MRS broth (pH 3.9). The presence of H2O2 in MRS broth (pH 6.2) could not be detected.
Smoking-Induced CXCL14 Expression in the Human Airway Epithelium Links Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease to Lung Cancer (2013)

CXCL14, a recently described epithelial cytokine, plays putative multiple roles in inflammation and carcinogenesis. In the context that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are both smoking-related disorders associated with airway epithelial disorder and inflammation, we hypothesized that the airway epithelium responds to cigarette smoking with altered CXCL14 gene expression, contributing to the disease-relevant phenotype. Using genome-wide microarrays with subsequent immunohistochemical analysis, the data demonstrate that the expression of CXCL14 is up-regulated in the airway epithelium of healthy smokers and further increased in COPD smokers, especially within hyperplastic/metaplastic lesions, in association with multiple genes relevant to epithelial structural integrity and cancer. In vitro experiments revealed that the expression of CXCL14 is induced in the differentiated airway epithelium by cigarette smoke extract, and that epidermal growth factor mediates CXCL14 up-regulation in the airway epithelium through its effects on the basal stem/progenitor cell population. Analyses of two independent lung cancer cohorts revealed a dramatic up-regulation of CXCL14 expression in adenocarcinoma and squamous-cell carcinoma. High expression of the COPD-associated CXCL14-correlating cluster of genes was linked in lung adenocarcinoma with poor survival. These data suggest that the smoking-induced expression of CXCL14 in the airway epithelium represents a novel potential molecular link between smoking-associated airway epithelial injury, COPD, and lung cancer.
Influence of Alkyl Chain Length on the Solid-State Packing and Fluorescence of 1,4,5,8-Tetra(alkyl)anthracenes (2007)

1,4,5,8-Tetra(alkyl)anthracenes (alkyl = methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, and n-hexyl) were prepared by a sequence of reactions of 1,2,4,5-tetrabromobenzene and 2,5-dialkylfurans in the presence of n-BuLi, hydrogenation, and treatment with acid. The influence of alkyl chain length on the packing patterns in the crystals and the fluorescent properties in the solid state was investigated. X-ray analysis revealed that the molecular structures can be classified into plane, semi-chair, and chair forms and that the packing patterns can be categorized into two-dimensional (herringbone) and one-dimensional (slipped-parallel) arrangements, in both of which there is no π–π stacking. In the case of the methyl, ethyl, and n-propyl derivatives, the wave shapes of the fluorescence spectra in the solid state resemble each other; on the other hand, the n-hexyl derivative displayed a slightly red-shifted and broader spectrum. The absolute quantum yield depended on the transition dipole moments because of the packing patterns and crystal rigidity. The n-propyl derivative demonstrated the highest quantum yield of Φf = 0.85 among the tetra(alkyl)anthracenes.
Rewarding "Good" Behavior: End-User Debugging and Rewards (2005)

Emerging research has sought to bring effective debugging devices to end-user programmers. This research has largely focused on how well such devices bring genuine "functional" rewards to end users. However, emerging models of programming behavior indicate that another, often ignored, type of reward-perceivable rewards-can play an equally vital role in how well debugging devices serve end users. Using an empirically evaluated fault localization device, this paper investigates the impact such perceivable rewards can have on end-user debugging. Our results indicate that perceivable rewards alone can significantly improve the effectiveness and understanding of end users performing debugging tasks.
The interaction and penetration of gaseous jets in supersonic flow (1969)

Experiments and analysis of the penetration of a gaseous jet from a discrete orifice into a supersonic stream and the associated interaction with the external flow are discussed.Included in the interaction is the definition of the shape of the stand-off shock in the main flow.A governing parameter in this analysis is the degree "
Issues in distributed artificial intelligence (1984)

This paper addresses some of the issues involved in fomalizing AI concepts to deal with several artificially intelligent agents cooperating to achieve a system-wide goal. The suggestion is made that the approaches used to construct AI systems which are operating autonomously in a single domain environment are not necessarily the same approaches that should be considered in building a set of intelligent agents that are physically or logically separated and are trying to achieve a common global goal through the use of individual subgoals and subplans. Issues addressed concern the difficulties of formulating temporal relationships, difficulties of interfacing conflicting or concordant goals, and communication between subplans. A simple distributed problem is also presented.
Frameshifting in the expression of the Escherichia coli trpR gene is modulated by translation initiation (1993)

The Escherichia coli trpR gene encodes the 108-amino-acid-long Trp repressor. We have shown previously that a +1 frameshifting event occurs during the expression of trpR, resulting in the synthesis of an additional (+1 frame) polypeptide. Using trpR-lac'Z fusions, we have recently found that the transition from the 0 to the +1 frame occurs via the bypassing of a 55-nucleotide-long segment of the trpR+1-lac'Z mRNA (I. Benhar, and H. Engelberg-Kulka, Cell 72:121-130, 1993). Here we show that the frequency of trpR frameshifting (or bypassing) can be regulated both in vivo and in vitro. This frequency is inversely proportional to the rate of initiation of translation of the trpR gene. Hence, modulating the level of translation initiation affects the frequency of frameshifting.
Optical parametric oscillators (1994)

Optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) based on χ (2) nonlinear interaction are now firmly established as viable and versatile sources of widely tunable coherent radiation in difficult spectral regions inaccessible to lasers [1] . They are capable of delivering tunable radiation in all temporal domains from the continuous-wave (cw) to the ultrafast femtosecond time-scales [2] , [3] , and can provide unprecedented optical powers at high conversion efficiency in excellent temporal, spectral, spatial beam quality. The development of novel nonlinear materials and the steady progress in pump laser technology, combined with the application of innovative device architectures, novel resonance and pumping schemes, have led to major advances in OPOs over the past decade. The development of new birefringent nonlinear crystals such as BiB 3 O 6 and CdSiP 2 , the advent of quasi-phase-matched (QPM) materials such as MgO:PPLN, MgO:sPPLT, OP-GaP and OP-GaAs, the rapid progress in Yb-fiber laser technology in cw and ultrafast time-scales, and further advances in the ultrafast Ti:sapphire and other solid-state and femtosecond lasers, have had an unprecedented impact on OPOs and their advancement to new spectral and temporal limits. Combined with the application of innovative cascaded pumping and frequency up- and down-conversion schemes, these developments have led to major new breakthroughs in OPOs, and have led the realization of a new generation of tunable coherent light sources based on nonlinear frequency conversion that can now cover spectral regions from the ~250 nm in UV to ~14 μm in deep-IR, and can operate from cw to a few-cycle time-scales.
Production and Radiochemical Separation of the Auger Electron Emitter<sup>140</sup>Nd (2000)

Among the Auger electron emitters, the radiolanthanide 140Nd has some unique nuclear properties with potential for endoradiotherapeutic applications. In the present study, 140Nd was produced via the 140Ce(3He,3n) nuclear process at the FZ Jülich CV28 cyclotron, irradiating CeO2 with 3He particles of 36 MeV primary energy. Yields of about 5 MBq 140Nd per microAh were experimentally obtained. Batch yields of > 100 MBq 140Nd were reached. 140Nd was separated in 75 +/- 5% radiochemical yield using a two-step process, first by extracting the bulk of the target material according to a Ce(IV)/Nd(III) separation, then by final ion exchange purification.
PGCA: An algorithm to link protein groups created from MS/MS data (2017)

The quantitation of proteins using shotgun proteomics has gained popularity in the last decades, simplifying sample handling procedures, removing extensive protein separation steps and achieving a relatively high throughput readout. The process starts with the digestion of the protein mixture into peptides, which are then separated by liquid chromatography and sequenced by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). At the end of the workflow, recovering the identity of the proteins originally present in the sample is often a difficult and ambiguous process, because more than one protein identifier may match a set of peptides identified from the MS/MS spectra. To address this identification problem, many MS/MS data processing software tools combine all plausible protein identifiers matching a common set of peptides into a protein group. However, this solution introduces new challenges in studies with multiple experimental runs, which can be characterized by three main factors: i) protein groups' identifiers are local, i.e., they vary run to run, ii) the composition of each group may change across runs, and iii) the supporting evidence of proteins within each group may also change across runs. Since in general there is no conclusive evidence about the absence of proteins in the groups, protein groups need to be linked across different runs in subsequent statistical analyses. We propose an algorithm, called Protein Group Code Algorithm (PGCA), to link groups from multiple experimental runs by forming global protein groups from connected local groups. The algorithm is computationally inexpensive and enables the connection and analysis of lists of protein groups across runs needed in biomarkers studies. We illustrate the identification problem and the stability of the PGCA mapping using 65 iTRAQ experimental runs. Further, we use two biomarker studies to show how PGCA enables the discovery of relevant candidate protein group markers with similar but non-identical compositions in different runs.
Streptococcus pyogenes isolates with characterized macrolide resistance mechanisms in Spain: in vitro activities of telithromycin and cethromycin (2003)

The in vitro activities of telithromycin and cethromycin (ABT-773) against 412 Streptococcus pyogenes isolates, consecutively collected in 17 Spanish hospitals from different geographical areas, were evaluated and compared with those of erythromycin A, penicillin G, clindamycin and quinupristin-dalfopristin. With a susceptibility testing breakpoint of < or = 1 mg/L for both compounds, 96.1% of isolates were susceptible to telithromycin and 99.8% to cethromycin. Erythromycin non-susceptible isolates (intermediate plus resistant, MIC > or = 0.5 mg/L) comprised 23% of those tested, and were analysed for the genetic basis of their resistance by PCR. Among these isolates (n = 95), 72.6% harboured mef(A), 8.4%, erm(B), and 3.2%, erm(A), as sole macrolide resistance gene, whereas the presence of mef(A) plus erm(A) (11.6%) or mef(A) plus erm(B) (4.2%) was also observed. Both ketolides displayed a significant in vitro activity against S. pyogenes regardless of the macrolide resistance mechanisms. Nevertheless, in the case of telithromycin, 11 out of 19 of the erm(B)-positive isolates (2.7% of total population) exhibited an MIC range of 4-32 mg/L. According to the present results, telithromycin and cethromycin offer a wide coverage against S. pyogenes isolates in a geographic area with a high incidence of resistance to currently used macrolides.