gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Primary and immortalized mouse epicardial cells undergo differentiation in response to TGFβ (2008)

Cells derived from the epicardium are required for coronary vessel development. Transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) induces loss of epithelial character and smooth muscle differentiation in chick epicardial cells. Here, we show that epicardial explants from embryonic day (E) 11.5 mouse embryos incubated with TGFbeta1 or TGFbeta2 lose epithelial character and undergo smooth muscle differentiation. To further study TGFbeta Signaling, we generated immortalized mouse epicardial cells. Cells from E10.5, 11.5, and 13.5 formed tightly packed epithelium and expressed the epicardial marker Wilm's tumor 1 (WT1). TGFbeta induced the loss of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and the appearance of SM22alpha and calponin consistent with smooth muscle differentiation. Inhibition of activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) 5 or p160 rho kinase activity prevented the effects of TGFbeta while inhibition of p38 mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase did not. These data demonstrate that TGFbeta induces epicardial cell differentiation and that immortalized epicardial cells provide a suitable model for differentiation.
Charge pump circuit for depletion-mode oxide TFTs (2011)

A chrage pump circuit suitable for depletion-mode oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs) is presented. In this circuit, negative gate-to-source bias is applied to turn off the n-type oxide TFTs because they have negative threshold voltages (VT). For this operation, two different supply voltages are used, i.e. VDD and VDD/2. Spice simulation shows that the power efficiency is about 70% in generating VDD×2 output voltage with 50 µA load current. The output voltages of the fabricated circuits are comparable to those of the simulation results.
Phylum- and Class-Specific PCR Primers for General Microbial Community Analysis (2005)

Amplification of a particular DNA fragment from a mixture of organisms by PCR is a common first step in methods of examining microbial community structure. The use of group-specific primers in community DNA profiling applications can provide enhanced sensitivity and phylogenetic detail compared to domain-specific primers. Other uses for group-specific primers include quantitative PCR and library screening. The purpose of the present study was to develop several primer sets targeting commonly occurring and important groups. Primers specific for the 16S ribosomal sequences of Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Bacilli, Actinobacteria, and Planctomycetes and for parts of both the 18S ribosomal sequence and the internal transcribed spacer region of Basidiomycota were examined. Primers were tested by comparison to sequences in the ARB 2003 database, and chosen primers were further tested by cloning and sequencing from soil community DNA. Eighty-five to 100% of the sequences obtained from clone libraries were found to be placed with the groups intended as targets, demonstrating the specificity of the primers under field conditions. It will be important to reevaluate primers over time because of the continual growth of sequence databases and revision of microbial taxonomy.
Trace element profiles in murine Lewis lung carcinoma by radioisotope-induced X-ray fluorescence. (1986)

Trace element profiles of various body tissues and tumor were established during growth of the Lewis lung tumor (LLT) with the use of radioisotope-induced X-ray fluorescence (RIXRF) analysis. The LLT, a highly malignant experimental murine tumor, resembles its human counterpart, has a well-defined life cycle, and kills its host in 30 days. When compared with normal controls, Zn, Br, and Rb levels in lung, liver, and skeletal muscle and Zn and Sr levels in bone from tumor-bearing mice exhibited large fluctuations at critical points in the tumor life cycle. In addition, the 24-day primary tumor trace element profile resembled that of its tissue of origin, normal lung, and was quite different from other normal tissues studied. These findings indicate that trace element profiles may help in the diagnosis, staging, and monitoring of disease. RIXRF is an excellent technique for this purpose because it is sensitive and relatively nondestructive of samples and has multielement capabilities.
Low-power low-voltage analog electronic circuits using the flipped voltage follower (2002)

A new basic cell for low-power and/or low-voltage operation is identified. It is shown that different versions of this cell, called the flip voltage follower, have been used in the past for different applications. New circuits using this cell are also proposed here.
Reactive ion etched GaAs optical waveguide modulators with low loss and high speed (1984)

Single-mode rib waveguides and modulators for operation at 1.3 μm have been fabricated by reactive ion etching (RIE). The antireflection-coated devices show very low coupling and propagation loss (2 dB/cm) and are suitable as extracavity digital modulators in the Gbit/s range for single-mode system applications.
HRCT findings in the lungs of primary care patients with lower respiratory tract infection (2002)

Purpose: To survey the prevalence and type of lung patterns detectable at high-resolution CT (HRCT) in a primary care population seeking help for cough and fever. Material and Methods: The HRCT patterns of 103 patients obtained at the primary visit to a municipal health centre for cough and fever were evaluated. Forced expiratory examinations were obtained in 93 patients. Results: Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI)-related findings (present at inclusion, healed at follow-up, not explained by any other factor) were seen in 19 patients (18.7%), of whom 11 also showed opacities, even though of lesser extent, at conventional chest radiography. The following patterns were found: ground-glass opacity (58%), discrete consolidations (52%), confluent consolidations (16%; 1 case with an air bronchogram), air space nodules (10%), peribronchovascular thickening (37%), tree-in-bud pattern (26%), free pleural fluid (5%), and septal thickening (5%). An expiratory mosaic pattern was seen in 19 (20%) out of 93 patients. In addition, lymph node enlargement (&gt;1 cm) was recorded in 7 patients out of 103. Conclusion: HRCT is more sensitive than chest radiography in detecting LRTI-related lung lesions in a primary care population. The pattern typically comprises subtle scattered polymorphous opacities with varying attenuation affecting several lung segments. LRTI-related HRCT pattern deserves consideration as a differential diagnostic alternative in patients examined due to any lower respiratory tract symptoms.
BIPV-Powered Smart Windows Utilizing Photovoltaic and Electrochromic Devices (2011)

A BIPV-powered smart window comprising a building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) panel and an all-solid-state electrochromic (EC) stack is proposed. In the proposed device, the output voltage of the BIPV panel varies in accordance with the intensity of the incident light and is modulated in such a way as to generate the EC stack voltage required to maintain the indoor illuminance within a specified range. Two different EC stacks are fabricated and characterized, namely one stack comprising ITO/WO(3)/Ta(2)O(5)/ITO and one stack comprising ITO/WO(3)/lithium-polymer electrolyte/ITO. It is shown that of the two stacks, the ITO/WO(3)/lithium-polymer electrolyte/ITO stack has a larger absorptance (i.e., approximately 99% at a driving voltage of 3.5 V). The experimental results show that the smart window incorporating an ITO/WO(3)/lithium-polymer electrolyte/ITO stack with an electrolyte thickness of 1.0 μm provides an indoor illuminance range of 750-1,500 Lux under typical summertime conditions in Taiwan.
2. Puberty—body and brain changes (2016)

Abstract As children become teenagers, their bodies change dramatically. An obvious change is the growth spurt, but the young person also becomes reproductively mature and there are significant neural and cognitive changes. ‘Puberty—body and brain changes’ asks why puberty happens and considers the variations in the onset of puberty, the impact of puberty, and the consequences of early, on-time, and late puberty. Does the timing of puberty matter? The changes in the brain at adolescence are also considered. Advances in neuroimaging techniques have facilitated extensive brain studies. The remodelling of the brain in adolescence has been related to a number of aspects of cognitive and social functioning.
When Does the Switch from Hydrotropy to Micellar Behavior Occur? (1998)

Lower alkanoates, alkyl sulfates, and alkylbenzenesulfonates behave as hydrotropes, while those with longer alkyl chains are micellar. We address the question of how long should the alkyl chain be in order for alkylbenzenesulfonates to switch from hydrotropy to micellar behavior. While surface tension and solubilization properties show a transition into micellar-type behavior beyond pentylbenzenesulfonate, microenvironmental features do not show any clear break between hydrotropes and micelles. The answer to the question thus seems to depend on the method used to monitor the properties.
Lectins: Proteins That Interpret the Sugar Code (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVFeaturesNEXTLectins: Proteins That Interpret the Sugar CodeUnderstanding the biochemistry of lectins and the physical nature of the protein-carbohydrate interaction will provide important insights into biological information transfer.Carol L. NilssonCite this: Anal. Chem. 2003, 75, 15, 348 A–353 APublication Date (Web):August 1, 2003Publication History Published online1 August 2003Published inissue 1 August 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac031373whttps://doi.org/10.1021/ac031373wnewsACS Publications. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1595Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (287 KB) Get e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Interval and recency rank source coding: Two on-line adaptive variable-length schemes (1987)

In the schemes presented the encoder maps each message into a codeword in a prefix-free codeword set. In interval encoding the codeword is indexed by the interval since the last previous occurrence of that message, and the codeword set must be countably infinite. In recency rank encoding the codeword is indexed by the number of distinct messages in that interval, and there must be no fewer codewords than messages. The decoder decodes each codeword on receipt. Users need not know message probabilities, but must agree on indexings, of the codeword set in an order of increasing length and of the message set in some arbitrary order. The average codeword length over a communications bout is never much larger than the value for an off-line scheme which maps the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</tex> th most frequent message in the bout into the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</tex> th shortest codeword in the given set, and is never too much larger than the value for off-line Huffman encoding of messages into the best codeword set for the bout message frequencies. Both schemes can do much better than Huffman coding when successive selections of each message type cluster much more than in the independent case.
Rejuvenation of facial skin and improvement in the dermal architecture by transplantation of autologous stromal vascular fraction: a clinical study (2016)

<i><b>Introduction:</b></i> The rejuvenation characteristics of fat tissue grafting has been established for many years. Recently it has been shown that stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of fat tissue contributes to its rejuvenation properties. As the SVF is a minimal processed cell population (based on FDA guidance), therefore it is a suitable cell therapy for skin rejuvenation. This clinical trial was aimed to evaluate the ultrastructural improvement of aging skin in the facial nasolabial region after transplantation of autologous SVF. <i><b>Methods:</b></i> Our study was conducted in 16 patients aged between 38 and 56 years old that were interested in face lifting at first. All of the cases underwent the lipoaspiration procedure from the abdomen for sampling of fat tissue. Quickly, the SVF was harvested from 100 mL of harvested fat tissue and then transplanted at dose of 2.0×107 nucleated cells in each nasolabial fold. The changes in the skin were evaluated using Visioface scanner, skin-scanner DUB, Visioline, and Cutometer with multi probe adopter. <i><b>Results:</b></i> By administration of autologous SVF, the elasticity and density of skin were improved significantly. There were no changes in the epidermis density in scanner results, but we noticed a significant increase in the dermis density and also its thickness with enrichment in the vascular bed of the hypodermis. The score of Visioface scanner showed slight changes in wrinkle scores. The endothelial cells and mesenchymal progenitors from the SVF were found to chang the architecture of the skin slightly, but there was not obvious phenotypic changes in the nasolabial grooves. <i><b>Conclusion:</b></i> The current clinical trial showed the modification of dermis region and its microvascular bed, but no changes in the density of the epidermis. Our data represent the rejuvenation process of facial skin by improving the dermal architecture.
Impact of Folic Acid Fortification of the US Food Supply on the Occurrence of Neural Tube Defects (2001)

A 19% reduction in NTD birth prevalence occurred following folic acid fortification of the US food supply. However, factors other than fortification may have contributed to this decline.
Network reconfiguration algorithm for automated distribution systems based on artificial intelligence approach (1993)

This study develops an expert system to solve the problems of the main transformer (MTr) or feeder overload and the feeder constraint violation in automated distribution systems, where each feeder is subject to the thermal overload and voltage-drop limits. The objective is to perform the network reconfiguration by switching the tie and sectionalizing switches so that the system violation is removed, while achieving load balance of the MTrs and feeders with a fewer number of switching operations. Since the switching operation in a practical system does not cause a large change in the voltage, an approximation method is used in order to check the voltage violation, instead of a full AC load flow solution. To reduce the search space, an expert system based on heuristic rules is presented, and implemented in PROLOG. This system adopts the best first tree search technique. List processing and recursive programming techniques are then utilized to solve the combinatorial type optimization problem. The computational results are also prepared to show the performance of the heuristic algorithms developed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The overactive bladder in multiple sclerosis. (2000)

Multiple sclerosis is a common neurologic disorder that often affects the genitourinary system. One of the most common symptoms of multiple sclerosis is the hyperactive bladder. These patients will have symptoms that may affect their lifestyle, such as urinary incontinence, urgency, and frequency. They may also suffer from debilitating urinary tract symptoms, such as frequent or recurrent urinary tract infections and also on occasion, damage to the upper urinary tract. Fortunately, the neurogenic bladder dysfunction associated with multiple sclerosis can be treated with a reasonable chance of success. With proper treatment, related symptoms may be brought under control, allowing the physician to concentrate on the more debilitating aspects of this disease.
An improved phage display methodology for inorganic nanoparticle fabrication (2007)

The use of rolling circle amplification together with the addition of a wild-type control significantly improves the usefulness of phage display methodology as exemplified by the production of silver and platinum nanoparticles.
Decreased expression of collagen and fibronectin genes in striae distensae tissue (1994)

Striae distensae are characterized by a thinning of connective tissue stroma to produce linear, atrophic-appearing skin. Excessive adrenocortical activity, genetic factors and inherited defects of connective tissues, etc. are important causative factors in the formation of striae distensae, but the basic aetiology is not known. Total RNA was extracted from skin biopsies of five patients with striae distensae. The expression of genes coding for types I and III procollagen, elastin, fibronectin and beta-actin were studied and compared with those of four sex- and age-matched healthy individuals. The percentages of types I and III procollagen mRNA were 9.9 +/- 2.9% (mean +/- s.d.) and 10.6 +/- 1.6%, respectively, of the corresponding controls. The value for fibronectin mRNA in striae distensae was 7.3 +/- 1.8% of the control. The steady-state ratio fibronectin/type I procollagen mRNAs was 0.12 +/- 0.01 in striae distensae and 0.18 +/- 0.01 in the control. These observations suggest that expression of collagens, elastin and fibronectin genes are apparently decreased, and that there is a marked alteration of fibroblast metabolism, in striae distensae.
Low concentrations of zoledronic acid are better at regulating bone formation and repair (2013)

The purpose of this study was to investigate optimal concentrations of zoledronic acid (ZA) in terms of their effect on the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of primary osteoblasts (OBs) and fibroblasts (FBs). Primary OBs and FBs isolated from patients with clinical osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) were treated in vitro with serial concentrations of ZA ranging from 10(-3) M to 10(-13) M. An MTT ((3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide)) colorimetric assay, flow cytometry, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) determination activity, and alizarin red staining were used to measure the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of cells. The MTT assay indicated that high concentrations of ZA may be toxic to cultured cells. No obvious inhibition was observed with a ZA concentration of 10(-7) M to 10(-10) M. Proliferation was evident with a ZA concentration below 10(-11) M (p < 0.05). Flow cytometry analysis revealed that cell cycle was arrested at G1/G0 stage with a ZA concentration ranging from 10(-10) M to 10(-8) M. ZA did not enhance ALP activity at a concentration of 10(-8) M or 10(-10) M. Alizarin red staining indicated the mineralization of primary OBs with a low concentration of ZA (10(-12) M). In conclusion, this in vitro study indicated that ZA-mediated cell proliferation was dose-dependent and that ZA did not inhibit cell proliferation at concentrations below 10(-8) M. These findings suggest low concentrations of ZA have more of an effect on cell differentiation and mineralization, so low concentrations are better at regulating bone formation and repair.
A development framework for distributed artificial intelligence (2003)

The authors describe distributed artificial intelligence (DAI) applications in which multiple organizations of agents solve multiple domain problems. They then describe work in progress on a DAI system development environment, called SOCIAL, which consists of three primary language-based components. The Knowledge Object Language defines models of knowledge representation and reasoning. The metaCourier language supplies the underlying functionality for interprocess communication and control access across heterogeneous computing environments. The metaAgents language defines models for agent organization coordination, control, and resource management. Applications agents and agent organizations will be constructed by combining metaAgents and metaCourier building blocks with task-specific functionality such as diagnostic or planning reasoning. This architecture hides implementation details of communications, control, and integration in distributed processing environments, enabling application developers to concentrate on the design and functionality of the intelligent agents and agent networks themselves.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Insights of dielectric measurements from cuttings recovered along the deepest offshore well in the world (Nankai trough accretionary prism): IODP expedition 338, site C0002F (2015)

A total of 109 cuttings were recovered during the IODP expedition 338 in site C0002F down to 2005 mbsf. A special dielectric end-load probe was designed and used for the first time at sea on this sample collection to measure dielectric and electrical conductivity from 10 kHz to 6 GHz. The whole dataset was compared to specific surface area (SSA), mineralogy from XRD measurements and resistivity log while drilling acquired during the expedition to understand the relationship between fluid, clays and lithologies. The dielectric results revealed to be very powerful to: (i) understand the clay composition and content; (ii) re-calibrate cutting depths; (iii) detect unit boundaries and (iv) detect conductive and not-conductive fault systems
Material Point Method Calculations with Explicit Cracks (2003)

A new algorithm is described which extends the material point method (MPM) to allow explicit cracks within the model material. Conventional MPM enforces velocity and displacement continuity through its background grid. This approach is incompatible with cracks which are displacement and velocity discontinuities. By allowing multiple velocity fields at special nodes near cracks, the new method (called CRAMP) can model cracks. The results provide an “exact” MPM analysis for cracks. Comparison to finite element analysis and to experiments show it gets good results for crack problems. The intersection of crack surfaces is prevented by implementing a crack contact scheme. Crack contact can be modeled using stick or sliding with friction. All results are two dimensional, but the methods can be extended to three dimensional problems. keyword: Material point method, cracks, fracture, numerical methods, contact