gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A model for the dynamics of Ross River Virus in the Australian environment (2017)

Ross River Disease is a mosquito-borne viral condition that affects pockets of the Australian human population, and can be debilitating in some instances. The evidence is that the virus reservoirs in marsupials, such as kangaroos, and this may account for the unpredictable outbreaks of the disease in humans. Accordingly, we present here a new model for the dynamics of Ross River Virus (RRV) in populations of mosquitoes and kangaroos. We calculate steady-state populations for the sub-groups in each species and demonstrate that naturally-occurring oscillations in the populations (limit cycles) do not occur. When seasonal forcing of vector populations and kangaroo birth rates is taken into account, however, the model may predict multi-annual outbreaks and chaos, perhaps explaining the unpredictability of some RRV disease epidemics, particularly across southern Australia. Detailed results in this case are presented.
On-Demand Bioadhesive Dendrimers with Reduced Cytotoxicity (2018)

Tissue adhesives based on polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer, grafted with UV-sensitive aryldiazirine (PAMAM-g-diazirine) are promising new candidates for light active adhesion on soft tissues. Diazirine carbene precursors form interfacial and intermolecular covalent crosslinks with tissues after UV light activation that requires no premixing or inclusion of free radical initiators. However, primary amines on the PAMAM dendrimer surface present a potential risk due to their cytotoxic and immunological effects. PAMAM-g-diazirine formulations with cationic pendant amines converted into neutral amide groups were evaluated. In vitro toxicity is reduced by an order of magnitude upon amine capping while retaining bioadhesive properties. The in vivo immunological response to PAMAM-g-diazirine formulations was found to be optimal in comparison to standard poly(lactic-<i>co</i>-glycolic acid) (PLGA) thin films.
Accuracy of motion correction methods for PET brain imaging (2005)

Recently published methods for motion correction in neurological PET include the multiple acquisition frame (MAF) and LOR rebinning methods. The aim of the present work was to compare the accuracy of reconstructions obtained with these methods when multiple, arbitrary movements were applied to a Hoffman brain phantom during 3D list mode acquisition. A reflective target attached to the phantom enabled a Polaris optical motion tracking system to monitor the phantom position and orientation in the scanner coordinate frame. The motion information was used in the motion correction algorithms. The MAF method was applied to the list-mode data after sorting them into a series of dynamic frames, while the LOR rebinning method was applied directly to the list-mode data. A proportion of the list mode events had to be discarded during rebinning because the application of the corrective spatial transformation removed them from the 3D projection space. A correction for these 'lost' events was implemented as a global post-reconstruction scale factor, based on the overall fraction of lost events. Reconstructions from both motion correction methods were compared with a motion-free reference scan of the same phantom. Motion correction produced a marked improvement in image clarity and reduced errors with respect to the reference scan. LOR rebinning with global loss correction was found to be more accurate than the MAF method
Silicone Polymers in Scar Remediation: The Role of Migration of Oligomers Through Stratum Corneum* (2005)

A cross-linked silicone gel for burns scar rehabilitation has been analyzed to determine the oligomeric species that may migrate from the gel into skin. From MALDI–MS (matrix assisted laser desorption ionization–mass spectrometry) these were shown to be hydroxyl-terminated linear oligomers with a mass of up to 2100 Da. The migration of the extracted oligomers through stratum corneum has been determined by breakthrough times using ATR–FTIR (attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared) spectroscopy. The upper value of the estimated diffusion coefficient of 2.5 × 10-9 cm2 s-1, determined from a breakthrough time of 31 h, is similar to that of large hydrophobic solutes, but penetration times from the silicone gel are low (7–10 days) due to the lower concentration of oligomers partitioning into the lipid bilayer of the skin in an aqueous environment.
Effect of Temperature on Performance of Solar Panels- Analysis (2017)

Renewable energy is gaining much global attention due to the recent energy demand scenario. Solar energy being the major contributor for this has lots of investigations going on to improve the efficiency of the solar panels. This paper majorly focuses on improving the solar panel efficiency by maintaining the operating temperature within a favourable limit. An experimental set up in which the temperature of the solar panel is monitored by a layer of water flow at regular intervals has been established. Further, this setup is automated through the sensors and controllers for better performance. The MATLAB simulation using power system renewable energy tool box is also being carried out and both the results match to the close approximation. It is also found that there is a considerable increase in the temperature of the water which makes the way for application of the system. The improvement in power of the experimental setup is found to be 14 % and the efficiency of the simulated system is found to be 19 %.
Oxygen radical-dependent epoxidation of (7S,8S)-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene in mouse skin in vivo. Stimulation by phorbol esters and inhibition by antiinflammatory steroids. (1992)

(7S,8S)--Dihydroxy--7,8--dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene ((+)-BP-7,8-diol) is epoxidized to (7S,8R)-dihydroxy-(9S,10R)-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene ((+)-syn-BPDE) by cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes and to (7S,8R)-dihydroxy-(9R,10S)-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene ((-)-anti-BPDE) by peroxyl free radicals. 32P postlabeling analysis of the diastereomeric BPDE-DNA adducts was used to investigate the pathways of (+)-BP-7,8-diol oxidation in mouse skin in vivo. The pattern of deoxynucleoside 3',5'-bisphosphate adducts in epidermal scrapings from female CD-1 mice indicated that cytochrome P-450 was the major oxidant. Similar results were obtained when the tumor-promoting phorbol ester tetradecanoylphorbolacetate (TPA) was coadministered with (+)-BP-7,8-diol. However, when animals were pretreated with TPA 24 h before coadministration of TPA and (+)-BP-7,8-diol, the pattern of BPDE-DNA adducts indicated that peroxyl radicals made a major contribution to (+)-BP-7,8-diol epoxidation. Peroxyl radical-dependent epoxidation was maximal when the time between the two TPA administrations was 24-72 h. No increase in (-)-anti-BPDE-DNA was observed when the non-tumor-promoting phorbol ester 4-O-methyl-TPA was substituted for TPA. The calcium ionophore A23187 stimulated peroxyl radical generation when substituted for the first, but not the second, TPA treatment. The antiinflammatory steroid fluocinolone acetonide inhibited (-)-anti-BPDE-DNA adduct formation when coadministered with the first but not the second TPA treatment. These findings demonstrate the existence of two independent pathways of metabolic activation of (+)-BP-7,8-diol in mouse epidermis, one dependent on cytochrome P-450 and the other dependent on peroxyl free radicals. The results also suggest that repetitive topical administration of tumor-promoting phorbol esters remodels epidermal metabolism leading to a significant increase in free radical generation.
MODIFICATION OF THE PRELIMINARY INCUBATION TREATMENT FOR RAW MILK SAMPLES1 (1969)

Bacteria growing actively in raw milk during preliminary incubation at 12.8 C for 18 hr are usually strongly aerobic. Consequently, increasing the ratio of surface area to volume of sample during preliminary incubation results in a significant increase in count. As the initial Standard Plate Count increased in magnitude, the percentage of samples showing more than a 10-fold increase after preliminary incubation also increased. Aging of samples at low temperatures before subjecting them to preliminary incubation results in a marked increase in count in certain samples.
Adjuvant paclitaxel followed by oral fluoropyrimidines for gastric cancer: Safety data of the factorial phase III SAMIT trial. (2012)

72 Background: Adjuvant chemotherapy with fluoropyrimidine (FP) with or without platinum for gastric cancer (GC) has become standard almost worldwide; however, there has been no comparison among concurrent, sequential, and monotherapy. Paclitaxel (PTX) is one of key drugs in GC widely used as 2 nd -line chemotherapy in Japan. Methods: SAMIT is a randomized, multicenter phase III study of FP (S1 or UFT) vs. PTX followed by FP in patients (pts) with gastric adenocarcinoma. Eligibility includes T3/T4, N0-2, M0 except for positive lavage cytology, chemotherapy- and radiotherapy- naive, being able to start chemotherapy 14 and 56 days after D2 gastrectomy. Pts received either UFT 267 mg/m 2 /day for 4w, q4w x 6 cycles (arm A); S1 80 mg/m 2 /day for 2w, q3w x 8 cycles (arm B); PTX 80 mg/m 2 Day 1, 8 for the first 3w x 1 cycle, Day 1, 8, 15 q4w x 2 cycles, followed by UFT 267 mg/m 2 /day for 4w, q4w x 3 cycles (arm C); or PTX as in C, followed by S1 80 mg/m 2 /day for 2w, q3w x 4 cycles (arm D). The FP cycles was prolonged by 24w after ACTS-GC publication in 2007. Primary endpoint is disease-free survival and total number of patients was calculated to be1480 where 90% power for superiority of C+D group vs. A+B. The Independent Data Monitoring Committee undertook a review of the 1417 pts at the 2nd interim analysis in 2011. Results: Arm A (n=353), arm B (n=359), arm C (n=352), arm D (n=353) were well balanced for baseline factors. The compliance with UFT in arm A and S1 in B was 74% and 76% in the first 12 weeks, and 89% and 90% between week 37 and 48; that in arm C and D was 83% and 80% in the second 12 weeks, and 94% and 84% between week 37 and 48. Numbers of grade 3/4 hematological and non-hematological adverse events (AEs) were 3 and 46, 0 and 64, 5 and 35, and 16 and 67 for arm A, B, C, and D, respectively. Anorexia was the most common AE observed in 5.8%, 6.8%, 1.7%, and 5.1% for arm A, B, C, and D, respectively. There were 363/1323 (27%) deaths and 762/1323 (58%) of pts survived disease free. Conclusions: Adjuvant chemotherapy with sequential PTX and FP for GC was safe and the compliance of the FP part could be better than that of FP monotherapy. The final efficacy results will be formally assessed in 2012.
Design and Fabrication of Passive Wireless SAW Sensor for Pressure Measurement (2008)

This paper mainly presents the design and fabrication of a TDMA (time division multiple access) passive wireless pressure sensor using 2.45 GHz surface acoustic wave (SAW) delay lines. The SAW pressure sensor consists of two LiNbO3 substrates. The first layer is a pressure-detective thin substrate, on which an interdigital transducer (IDT) and reflectors are fabricated. The second layer is a support substrate, in which a reference pressure cavity is etched. These two substrates are directly bonded. The pressure measurement was successfully demonstrated in a pressure range of 20∼280 kPa with good repeatability. In addition, the influence of a tire on the wireless interrogation of the sensor was investigated. Automobile tires have little negative influence on wireless communication, at least if they do not rotate.
Total Synthesis of 17,17,18,18-d4-iPF2α-VI and Quantification of iPF2α-VI in Human Urine by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (1998)

Isoprostanes are a new class of natural products formed in humans as a result of free-radical-catalyzed lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. These endogenous compounds are isomeric with biologically active prostaglandins and have great promise as markers of oxidant stress in vivo. iPF2alpha-III (previously 8-iso-PGF2alpha), an isoprostane from Class III (previously known as Class IV), has been used as an index of free-radical-induced oxidative stress. This isoprostane is also produced by the cyclooxygenase enzymes COX1 and COX2. We are proposing a new reliable index of oxidative stress based on iPF2alpha-VI (previously IPF2alpha-I), a new Class VI isoprostane we recently discovered. The advantages of iPF2alpha-VI are that it is several fold more abundant in urine than iPF2alpha-III, hence allowing more accurate determinations. Equally, the proximity of the C-5 OH function to the carboxylic acid allows the formation of the lactone 35 which is easier to purify from other iPs which cannot form such lactones. We have performed the first total synthesis of d4-iPF2alpha-VI by using two synthons, (3,3,4,4-d4)-hexylphosphonium bromide 23 prepared from 5-hexynol and syn-anti-syn lactone 25 synthesized from d-glucose. We have developed two variants of a sensitive GC/MS assay using the synthetic d4-iPF2alpha-VI as an internal standard to determine the levels of endogenous iPF2alpha-VI in biological fluids. Quantification of iPF2alpha-VI formed in vivo may be a more reliable index to assess oxidant stress in humans.
Novel Fouling-Reducing Coatings for Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration, and Reverse Osmosis Membranes (2008)

Polymeric membranes could potentially be the most flexible and viable long-term strategy for treatment of produced water from oil and gas production. However, widespread use of membranes, including reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, for produced water purification is hindered due to fouling caused by the impurities present in the water. Fouling of RO membranes is likely caused by surface properties including roughness, hydrophilicity, and charge, so surface modification is the most widely considered approach to improve the fouling properties of current RO membranes. This project focuses on two main approaches to surface modification: coating and grafting. Hydrophilic coating and grafting materials based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) are applied to commercial RO membranes manufactured by Dow FilmTec and GE. Crossflow filtration experiments are used to determine the fouling resistance of modified membranes, and compare their performance to that of unmodified commercial RO membranes. Grafting and coating are shown to be two alternative methods of producing modified membranes with improved fouling resistance.
DIMENSIONAL CHANGES DURING WASHING OF FABRICS KNITTED FROM WOOL/MAN-MADE FIBRE BLENDS (1963)

Abstract The dimensional changes during relaxation and washing of fabrics of plain-knit construction made from a range of wool/man-made fibre yarn blends have been investigated for two different knitted stitch lengths. The results obtained suggest that static wet-relaxation of the fabric is not sufficient to bring the plain-knit construction to its fully relaxed state and shrinkage-time characteristics of the fabrics suggest that further relaxation of the fabric occurs during the first 30—40 minutes' washing. The shrinkage during washing results have been interpreted to differentiate between dimensional changes due to felting and delayed relaxation. In this way, the effect of blending wool with manmade fibre on both the felting and delayed relaxation shrinkage may be determined.
Inference for Distributions over the Permutation Group (2008)

Abstract : Permutations are ubiquitous in many real-world problems, such as voting, ranking, and data association. Representing uncertainty over permutations is challenging, since there are n possibilities, and typical compact and factorized probability distribution representations, such as graphical models, cannot capture the mutual exclusivity constraints associated with permutations. In this paper, we use the low-frequency terms of a Fourier decomposition to represent distributions over permutations compactly. We present Kronecker conditioning, a new general and efficient approach for maintaining and updating these distributions directly in the Fourier domain. Low order Fourier-based approximations, however, may lead to functions that do not correspond to valid distributions. To address this problem, we present an efficient quadratic program defined directly in the Fourier domain for projecting the approximation onto a relaxation of the polytope of legal marginal distributions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on a real camera-based multi-person tracking scenario.
An Iterated Game of Uncoordinated Sharing of Licensed Spectrum Using Zero-Determinant Strategies (2014)

We consider private commons for secondary sharing of licensed spectrum bands with no access coordination provided by the primary license holder. In such environments, heterogeneity in demand patterns of the secondary users can lead to constant changes in the interference levels, and thus can be a source of volatility to the utilities of the users. In this paper, we consider secondary users to be service providers that provide downlink services. We formulate the spectrum sharing problem as a non-cooperative iterated game of power control where service providers change their power levels to fix their long-term average rates at utility-maximizing values. First, we show that in any iterated 2x2 game, the structure of the single-stage game dictates the degree of control that a service provider can exert on the long-term outcome of the game. Then we show that if service providers use binary actions either to access or not to access the channel at any round of the game, then the long-term rate can be fixed regardless of the strategy of the opponent. We identify these rates and show that they can be achieved using mixed Markovian strategies that will be clearly identified in the paper.
Generalized mutual information similarity metrics for multimodal biomedical image registration (2002)

Mutual information has been widely used as a similarity metric for biomedical image registration. Although usually based on the Shannon definition of entropy, mutual information may be computed from other entropy definitions. Mutual information similarity metrics computed from fractional order Renyi entropy and entropy kind t are presented as novel similarity metrics for ultrasound/MRI registration. These metrics are shown to be more accurate than Shannon mutual information in many cases, and frequently facilitate faster convergence to the optimum. They are particularly effective for local optimization, but some measures may potentially be exploited for global searches.
Characterization of a human cell line expressing high levels of cDNA-derived CYP2D6 (1993)

We have developed a human B-lymphoblastoid cell, designated h2D6v2, which expresses high levels of CYP2D6 cDNA. Microsomal P450 contents of 160 pmol mg-1 protein were observed. NADPH-fortified microsomes exhibited a substantial capacity to hydroxylate the prototype CYP2D6 substrates bufuralol and debrisoquine. Kinetic parameters, apparent Km, turnover number, Ki for quinidine inhibition and stereospecificity of bufuralol hydroxylation, observed with the human lymphoblast expressed enzyme were similar to those observed in human liver microsomes or purified liver CYP2D6 proteins. Therefore, the human lymphoblast expressed material appears to faithfully reflect the authentic protein. Relative to control cells, h2D6v2 cells were more sensitive to the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), supporting our previous observation with a cell line expressing lower levels of CYP2D6. h2D6v2 microsomes were capable of metabolizing NNK and NNK metabolism and mutagenicity were markedly inhibited by the addition of quinidine, a CYP2D6 inhibitor. h2D6v2 cells coupled with control cells, represent a useful in vitro system for studying xenobiotic metabolism by the clinically important, polymorphic CYP2D6. The human lymphoblast system offers the desirable ability to couple metabolic transformation studies with toxicological endpoints such as cytotoxicity and mutagenicity.
Ghrelin‐induced adiposity is independent of orexigenic effects (2011)

Ghrelin is a hormone produced predominantly by the stomach that targets a number of specific areas in the central nervous system to promote a positive energy balance by increasing food intake and energy storage. In that respect, similarities exist with the effects of consuming a high-fat diet (HFD), which also increases caloric intake and the amount of stored calories. We determined whether the effects of ghrelin on feeding and adiposity are influenced by the exposure to an HFD. Chronic intracerebroventricular ghrelin (2.5 nmol/d) increased feeding in lean rats fed a low-fat control diet (CD) [192 ± 5 g (ghrelin+CD) vs. 152 ± 5 g (control i.c.v. saline+CD), P<0.001], but the combination of ghrelin plus HFD did not result in significantly greater hyperphagia [150 ± 7 g (ghrelin+HFD) vs. 136 ± 4 g (saline+HFD)]. Despite failing to increase food intake in rats fed the HFD, ghrelin nonetheless increased adiposity [fat mass increase of 14 ± 2 g (ghrelin+HFD) vs. 1 ± 1 g (saline+HFD), P<0.001] up-regulating the gene expression of lipogenic enzymes in white adipose tissue. Our findings demonstrate that factors associated with high-fat feeding functionally interact with pathways regulating the effect of ghrelin on food intake. We conclude that ghrelin's central effects on nutrient intake and nutrient partitioning can be separated and suggest an opportunity to identify respective independent neuronal pathways.
Near-Total Pharyngeal Reconstruction by 'Rotary-Door' Sternohyoid Myocutaneous Flap in the Dog: A Preliminary Report (1985)

Closure of the pharyngoesophagus after total laryngectomy or partial pharyngectomy is not a difficult problem in most cases. Primary suture repair of the defect is usually adequate, providing sufficient healthy mucosa is available. When this is not feasible, it may be necessary to mobilize tissue from distant sites. The deltopectoral and various myocutaneous flaps are often chosen for this purpose because of their reliability and versatility. Unfortunately, they necessitate either two-stage surgery or involve excessive bulk, and both methods result in unsightly defects, especially in women. The "rotary-door" sternohyoid myocutaneous flap avoids these drawbacks, while utilizing tissues within the surgical field in a single-stage procedure. Seven mongrel dogs underwent total laryngectomy and partial pharyngectomy. The pharyngeal defect was closed with a rotary-door sternohyoid myocutaneous flap. Three dogs had an uneventful recovery and two developed fistulae that closed spontaneously within three weeks of surgery. The pharyngocutaneous repair was found to be intact on postmortem examination.
Vaginal microbiota of adolescents and their mothers: A preliminary study of vertical transmission and persistence (2019)

Abstract Background Factors that influence vaginal microbiota composition, including its source, are not well understood. To determine if vaginal microbiota transmission from mother to daughter at birth influences the human vaginal microbiota composition in adolescence, we investigated the relationship between the vaginal microbiota of 13 mother/daughter pairs and the daughter’s birth mode. Results Based on analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences, the vaginal microbiotas of mother/daughter pairs were more similar to each other if the daughter was born by vaginal delivery rather than by C-section. Additionally, genome sequences from an important member of the vaginal microbiota, Lactobacillus crispatus , isolated from one mother/daughter pair in which the daughter was born by vaginal delivery, were highly similar. Conclusions Both community-level analysis and isolate genome sequence analysis are consistent with birth-mode dependent transmission and persistence of at least some members of the vaginal microbiota. Importance The composition of the human vaginal microbiota is related to many aspects of health from infection susceptibility to preterm birth. Our study provides evidence that transmission of vaginal bacteria from mother to daughter at birth may be an important factor influencing vaginal microbiota composition into adolescence.