gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence for Sialylated Type 1 Blood Group Chains onHuman Erythrocyte Membranes Revealed by Agglutination ofNeuraminidase-Treated Erythrocytes with Waldenström’sMacroglobulin IgM^WOO and Hybridoma Antibody FC 10.2 (1985)

Haemagglutination studies have been performed with untreated and neuraminidase- treated human erythrocytes of the three Lewis antigen types Le(a^-b^-), Le(a^+b^-) and Le(a^-b^+) using two monoclonal antibodies, IgM^WOO and FC 10.2, which were previously shown to recognize the type 1 based blood group chains: Ga1β1→3G1cNAcβ1→3Ga1β1→ 4Glc/GlcNAc (for explanation of abbreviations see table IV legend). Both antibodies behaved as cold agglutinins with neuraminidase-treated but not with untreated erythrocytes of the three Lewis antigen types. Neuraminidase-treated erythrocytes of i antigen type were similarly agglutinated. This haemagglutination was specifically inhibited by the type 1 based milk oligosaccharide lacto-N-tetraose. Thus, there is strong evidence for the occurrence of sialylated type 1 chains on human erythrocyte membranes of I and i antigen types. In addition, evidence for the presence of type 1 chains which are both sialylated and fucosylated was obtained by (1) haemagglutination of Le(a^+ b^-) erythrocytes with the monoclonal antibody 19.9; (2) increased haemagglutination of neuraminidase-treated erythrocytes with anti-H antibodies of Bombay serum; (3) increased haemagglutination of neuraminidasetreated Le(a^+ b^-) cells with anti-Le^a antibodies, and (4) the appearance of Le^a antigen activity on neuraminidase-treated erythrocytes of Le(a^- b+) type.
Quest Patterns for Story-Based Computer Games (2010)

As game designers shift focus from graphical realism to immersive stories, the number of game-object interactions grows exponentially. Games use manually written scripts to control interactions. ScriptEase provides game designers with generative patterns that generate scripting code to control common interactions. This paper describes a new kind of generative pattern, quest patterns, that generate scripting code to control story plot. We present our quest pattern architecture and study results that show quest patterns are easy-to-use and reduce plot scripting errors.
A Hamiltonian-based algorithm for measurements clustering (2008)

The paper describes a novel method for clustering points in the plane. The proposed algorithm is based on the notions of clustering function and level lines; the clusters are identified as the level sets corresponding to a reference value of the clustering function. The core idea is to regard the clustering function as a Hamiltonian function and to determine the level lines as the trajectories of the associated Hamiltonian system. The method is illustrated on two practical problems.
Anisotropic weak localization of light (2004)

We have observed angular anisotropy in weak localization of light from highly scattering, orientationally ordered, nematic liquid crystals. The measured anisotropies were consistent with a simple model of coherent backscattering generalized for propagation- direction dependent mean free paths.
Light-induced indeterminacy alters shade avoiding tomato leaf morphology (2015)

Plants sense foliar shade of competitors and alter their developmental programs through the shade avoidance response. Internode and petiole elongation, and changes in overall leaf area and leaf mass per area, are the stereotypical architectural responses to foliar shade in the shoot. However, changes in leaf shape and complexity in response to shade remain incompletely, and qualitatively, described. Using a meta-analysis of >18,000 previously published leaflet outlines, we demonstrate that shade avoidance alters leaf shape in domesticated tomato and wild relatives. The effects of shade avoidance on leaf shape are subtle with respect to individual traits, but are combinatorially strong. We then seek to describe the developmental origins of shade-induced changes in leaf shape by swapping plants between light treatments. Leaf size is light-responsive late into development, but patterning events, such as stomatal index, are irrevocably specified earlier. Observing that shade induces increases in shoot apical meristem size, we then describe gene expression changes in early leaf primordia and the meristem using laser microdissection. We find that in leaf primordia shade avoidance is not mediated through canonical pathways described in mature organs, but rather the expression of KNOX and other indeterminacy genes, altering known developmental pathways responsible for patterning leaf shape. We also demonstrate that shade-induced changes in leaf primordium gene expression largely do not overlap with those found in successively initiated leaf primordia, providing evidence against classic hypotheses that shaded leaf morphology results from prolonged production of juvenile leaf types.
Megaregions i benestar a Europa (2016)

En aquest article s’ofereix per primer cop una evidencia de la relacio entre benestar i megaregions a Europa. Creuant la base de dades de benestar de l’OCDE per als anys 2000 i 2013 amb la definicio de les megaregions europees, s’elabora una base de dades sobre benestar a les megaregions europees, que permet donar una primera evidencia sobre si els nivells de benestar son majors a les megaregions que fora d’elles, i si el benestar ha millorat o empitjorat a les megaregions entre els anys 2000 i 2013.
Practical method for correcting heterochromatic stray light in dual‐channel spectrographs for colorimetry (2016)

Abstract Measurements by spectrophotometers more or less suffer from heterochromatic stray light generated in their spectrometers. It is divided into near‐band and off‐band stray lights. While the former appears near the spectral band of the incident flux, the latter distributes broadly across the whole range and is far more problematic from colorimetric point of view. This article presents a practical method for correcting off‐band stray light in dual‐channel array spectrographs often built in modern spectrophotometers. Unlike most correction methods using a line spread function, the presented method estimates the distribution of off‐band stray light across the array as the product of a device‐specific stray light distribution and a total stray light intensity. The latter depends on both the spectral power distribution of an incident flux and a device‐specific rate of change from the incident flux to the off‐band stray light. For further simplification, the method replaces wavelengths by several bands dividing the visible range owing to the moderate spectral dependence of the above rate of change. With those simplifications, the method is practical, effective, and robust enough to work in an inexpensive hand‐held spectrophotometer with the compact spectrograph which often suffers from off‐band stray light. The performance of the method was evaluated with two dual‐channel array spectrographs with and without 2nd‐order‐rejection filter. Specimen lights incident through ten different glass filters were measured and the errors caused by off‐band stray light in the pixel outputs from the array were successfully corrected by the method. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 42, 431–439, 2017
ChemInform Abstract: An Abietane Diterpenoid from Leonurus marrubiastrum. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A comprehensive survey of soil acidobacterial diversity using pyrosequencing and clone library analyses (2009)

Acidobacteria are ubiquitous and abundant members of soil bacterial communities. However, an ecological understanding of this important phylum has remained elusive because its members have been difficult to culture and few molecular investigations have focused exclusively on this group. We generated an unprecedented number of acidobacterial DNA sequence data using pyrosequencing and clone libraries (39,707 and 1787 sequences, respectively) to characterize the relative abundance, diversity and composition of acidobacterial communities across a range of soil types. To gain insight into the ecological characteristics of acidobacterial taxa, we investigated the large-scale biogeographic patterns exhibited by acidobacterial communities, and related soil and site characteristics to acidobacterial community assemblage patterns. The 87 soils analyzed by pyrosequencing contained more than 8600 unique acidobacterial phylotypes (at the 97% sequence similarity level). One phylotype belonging to Acidobacteria subgroup 1, but not closely related to any cultured representatives, was particularly abundant, accounting for 7.4% of bacterial sequences and 17.6% of acidobacterial sequences, on average, across the soils. The abundance of Acidobacteria relative to other bacterial taxa was highly variable across the soils examined, but correlated strongly with soil pH (R=-0.80, P<0.001). Soil pH was also the best predictor of acidobacterial community composition, regardless of how the communities were characterized, and the relative abundances of the dominant Acidobacteria subgroups were readily predictable. Acidobacterial communities were more phylogenetically clustered as soil pH departed from neutrality, suggesting that pH is an effective habitat filter, restricting community membership to progressively more narrowly defined lineages as pH deviates from neutrality.
<title>Ultrahigh-performance image processing architectures for hardware-in-the-loop testing</title> (1999)

Synthetic scene generation systems require huge computational resources to operate on potentially large data sets of information and to interface to advanced sensor technology via current scene projectors. Nallatech Ltd has been focused in the area of low latency hardware and algorithm development for many years. In collaboration with Matra British Aerospace Dynamics UK, minimum latency systems have already been developed offering latency of only several video lines in 3D target scene generation systems. The rapid progression of FPGAs towards 1 million gate devices together with the ever increasing performance of today's DSPs have allowed Nallatech to formulate an architecture that is particularly suited to HWIL systems.
Francesco Redi and experimental chemotherapy (1967)

Journal Article Francesco Redi and experimental chemotherapy Get access Ivo de Carneri Ivo de Carneri Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 61, Issue 2, 1967, Pages 275–276, https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(67)90171-X Published: 01 January 1967
Gene expression in the bladder carcinoma rat model (2004)

We investigated gene expression in N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN)-induced rat bladder carcinoma in order to test its applicability as a model for the study of novel therapeutic modalities, particularly gene therapy. We administered BBN in the drinking water to Wistar rats for up to 30 wk and induced papillary transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), which is similar to the most prevalent type of human bladder cancer. Tumor evolution was similar to that found in previous studies. However, we described the morphological stages according to modern human bladder carcinoma terminology. Our main goal was to examine the expression levels of the H19 gene, of the insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2) transcripts expressed from promoters P2 and P3 and of the telomerase subunits that we had previously investigated as tools for targeted gene therapy of bladder cancer. We detected at 30 wk of BBN exposure significant upregulation of these sequences in the rat bladder tumors, similar to our previous findings in human bladder cancer. To reinforce the similarity of this model to the corresponding human disease, we searched for additional tumor-specific genes documented as having altered expression in human bladder carcinoma, using cDNA expression arrays (Clontech). We suggest that BBN-induced rat bladder cancer has morphological, biological, and molecular parallels to human bladder cancer and is an attractive model for studying novel alternatives of therapeutic intervention.
Wireless nanosensor networks using graphene-based nano-antennas (2011)

The integration of these nano-components in a single device, just a few micrometers in size, will result in autonomous nano-devices able to perform specific tasks at the nanolevel, such as computing, data storing, sensing or actuation. We propose the following conceptual architecture of a nanosensor mote with communication capabilities: I. F. Akyildiz and J. M. Jornet, “Electromagnetic Wireless Nanosensor Networks,” Nano Communication Networks (Elsevier) Journal, Vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 3-19, March 2010. Wireless Nanosensor Networks using Graphene-based Nano-Antennas Sergi Abadal, Josep Miquel Jornet, Ignacio Llatser, Albert Cabellos-Aparicio, Eduard Alarcon and Ian F. Akyildiz NaNoNetworking Center in Catalunya (N3Cat) and Broadband Wireless Networking Laboratory, Georgia Tech
Cesium Effects on if and iK in Rabbit Sinoatrial Node Myocytes: Implications for SA Node Automaticity (1998)

Cesium blocks the hyperpolarization-activated current i(f) but blocks neither the delayed-rectifier current i(K) nor the sinoatrial (SA) node discharge. It has been proposed that the failure of Cs+ to block SA discharge is either an incomplete block or a negative shift of i(f). However, an alternative possibility is that i(K) (rather than i(f)) has a predominant role in the SA-pacemaker potential. To investigate this point, the effects of Cs+ on both i(f) and i(K) in the pacemaker range of potentials were studied in the same single SA node cell at the same time by means of the perforated patch-clamp technique. Hyperpolarizing steps from a holding potential (Vh) of -35 mV into and past the pacemaker-potential range resulted in a progressively larger i(f) associated with an increasing slope conductance. Cs+ (2 mM) reversibly blocked both i(f) and the slope conductance increase, suggesting that the current activated was indeed predominantly i(f). Subsequently, hyperpolarizing steps to -50, -60, and -70 mV were applied in the absence (to activate only i(f)) and in the presence of a prior depolarizing step to +10 mV (to activate i(K) as well, as the action potential normally does). Cs+ almost abolished i(f) but only slightly decreased i(K). It is concluded that the failure of Cs+ to block the SA- node spontaneous discharge is not due to a shift of i(f) out of the pacemaker range (due to run-down) or an incomplete block of i(f). Instead, the resistance of i(K) to block by Cs+ is consistent with a predominant role of i(K) for the discharge of the SA node, although i(f) can contribute under normal or special circumstances. The reduction of i(K) by Cs+ raises the question whether the Cs+ slows the SA-node discharge not only by suppressing I(f), but also by reducing i(K).
Diagnosis and Grading of Papilledema in Patients With Raised Intracranial Pressure Using Optical Coherence Tomography vs Clinical Expert Assessment Using a Clinical Staging Scale (2010)

For lower-grade abnormalities, OCT compares favorably with clinical staging of optic nerve photographs. With higher grades, OCT RNFL thickness processing algorithms often fail, with OCT total retinal thickness performing more favorably.
Two Doses of Parenterally Administered Split Influenza Virus Vaccine Elicited High Serum IgG Concentrations which Effectively Limited Viral Shedding upon Challenge in Mice (2005)

We have previously found that whole influenza virus vaccine induced a more rapid and stronger humoral response, particularly after the first dose of vaccine, than split virus vaccine in mice. In this study, we have evaluated the protective efficacy of whole and split influenza virus vaccines in mice using a nonlethal upper respiratory tract challenge model. We have also investigated the immunological correlates associated with no or very little viral shedding after viral challenge. Vaccination resulted in reduced viral shedding and shortened the duration of infection by at least 2 days. After one dose of vaccine, whole virus vaccine generally resulted in less viral shedding than split virus vaccine. In contrast, two doses of split virus vaccine, particularly the highest vaccine strengths of 15 and 30 microg HA, most effectively limited viral replication and these mice had high concentrations of prechallenge influenza-specific serum IgG. The vaccine formulation influenced the IgG2a/IgG1 ratio, and this IgG subclass profile was maintained upon challenge to some extent, although it did not influence the level of viral shedding. The concentration of postvaccination serum IgG showed an inverse relationship with the level of viral shedding after viral challenge. Therefore, serum IgG is an important factor in limiting viral replication in the upper respiratory tract upon challenge of an antigenically similar virus.
Differential Regulation of Cellular Activities by GTPase-Activating Protein and NF1 (1993)

The regulation of the GTPase activity of the Ras proteins is thought to be a key element of signal transduction. Ras proteins have intrinsic GTPase activity and are active in signal transduction when bound to GTP but not following hydrolysis of GTP to GDP. Three cellular Ras GTPase-activating proteins (Ras-gaps) which increase the GTPase activity of wild-type (wt) Ras but not activated Ras in vitro have been identified: type I and type II GAP and type I NF1. Mutations of wt Ras resulting in lowered intrinsic GTPase activity or loss of response to cellular Ras-gap proteins are thought to be the primary reason for the transforming properties of the Ras proteins. In vitro assays show type I and type II GAP and the GAP-related domain of type I NF1 to have similar biochemical properties with respect to activation of the wt Ras GTPase, and it appears as though both type I GAP and NF1 can modulate the GTPase function of Ras in cells. Here we report the assembling of a full-length coding clone for type I NF1 and the biological effects of microinjection of Ras and Ras-gap proteins into fibroblasts. We have found that type I GAP, type II GAP, and type I NF1 show markedly different biological activities in vivo. Coinjection of type I GAP or type I NF1, but not type II GAP, with wt Ras abolished the ability of wt Ras to induce expression from an AP-1-controlled reporter gene. We also found that serum-stimulated DNA synthesis was reduced by prior injection of cells with type I GAP but not type II GAP or type I NF1. These results suggest that type I GAP, type II GAP, and type I NF1 may have different activities in vivo and support the hypothesis that while type I forms of GAP and NF1 may act as negative regulators of wt Ras, they may do so with differential efficiencies.
Relations Between Variously Defined Effects and Interactions in Analysis of Variance (1951)

From an algebraic point of view the analysis of variance tests of effects and interactions can be based on the minimum values of a certain quadratic expression in which the "$h$-matrix" (defined in Section 3) is fundamental. The arbitrariness in the choice of this matrix reflects the arbitrariness in the definition of effects and interactions. The paper considers the dependence of the result of these tests on the $h$-matrix used and expresses the answer by the two theorems of Section 4, which are proved in the subsequent sections.
Preliminary Pages / Contents / Preface / Foreword / Contributors (2003)

Glomerular uracil nucleotide metabolism was studied in vivo in control and diabetic rats 48 h after the injection of streptozotocin. The animals were infused for 2 h with 3H-orotate and the fraction of infused dpm incorporated into glomerular uracil nucleotides and RNA/mg of glomerular DNA was calculated. Diabetic glomeruli showed an increase in RNA/DNA compared to controls (p < 0.05) and a greater incorporation of 3H-orotate into uracil nucleotides and RNA. These changes were reversed by insulin therapy. In separate experiments the renal cortical uracil nucleotide pool was expanded by feeding chow supplemented with 0.5% orotate to rats for 6 months. Normal animals fed orotate developed significant glomerular basement membrane thickening (p < 0.01) when compared to age-matched controls, which was morphologically indistinguishable from that of diabetics. Orotate feeding also produced further basement membrane thickening in diabetic rats. These results suggest that early diabetes is characterized by an increase in glomerular uracil nucleotides, and that chronic expansion of the uracil nucleotide pool is associated with glomerular basement membrane thickening.
Thrombus Aspiration in ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction (2016)

URLs: http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/. Unique identifiers: NCT02552407 and CRD42015025936.
Structural models for homogeneous organic‐inorganic hybrid materials: Simulations of small‐angle X‐ray scattering profiles (1995)

Abstract Two morphological models have been proposed to describe small‐angle x‐ray scattering from organic‐inorganic composite (OIC) materials. The first model invokes the idea of a liquid‐like arrangement among noninterpenetrating fractal clusters, and the second employs an empirical correlation function that would be expected for a bicontinuous two‐phase (B2P) picture with the inorganic portion exhibiting fractal characteristics. Simulated scattering profiles have been generated for direct comparison with experimental data. The samples studied were a triethoxysilane‐endcapped bisphenol A epoxide resin (EAS) reacted in the presence of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) under slightly basic conditions, and a random trimethoxysilane‐functionalized copolymer of poly(methyl methacrylate) (MMA‐TMS) with added tetramethoxysilane (TMOS), reacted in an acidic medium. Each morphology model qualitatively simulates the broad scattering maximum and limiting high‐angle slope commonly seen in SAXS profiles. It is concluded that the inorganic phase in the EAS hybrid exhibits particle‐like characteristics at length scales less than approximately 250 Å, and the organic and inorganic components are bicontinuous at larger distances. The MMATMS composite is better described by bicontinuous organic and inorganic phases with a periodic fluctuation of about 40 Å. The scattering maximum arises either from the mean separation of particles or a dominant wavelength in a concentration fluctuation, similar to that observed for spinodal decomposition. In either case, the SAXS peak position is related to the distance between junction points of the crosslinked organic polymer. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.