gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Emerging biological functions of the vaccinia-related kinase (VRK) family. (2009)

The vaccinia-related kinases (VRKs) branched off early from the family of casein kinase (CK) I and compose a relatively uncharacterized family of the kinome. The VRKs were discovered due to their close sequence relation to the vaccinia virus B1R serine/threonine kinase. They were first described in phosphorylation of transcription factors that led to the discovery of an autoregulatory mechanism between VRK and the tumor suppressor transcription factor p53. The relevance of VRKs has broadened recently by introduction of its members as essential regulators in cell signaling, nuclear envelope dynamics, chromatin modifications, apoptosis and cellular stress response. Several phosphorylation substrates have been described, as well as the first positive and negative regulators of VRK. We provide an overview of the VRKs across species and discuss the wide diversity of cellular and organismal requirements for this kinase family.
Group B streptococcal infections in children: the changing spectrum of infections in infants. (1998)

During a 9-year period from January 1988 to December 1996, 36 patients less than 18 years of age with Lancefield group B streptococcal infections were seen in the National Cheng Kung University Hospital. Among 33 infants with invasive group B streptococcal infections, 3 (9%) were early onset disease (EOD), 27 (82%) late onset disease (LOD) and 3 (9%) onset beyond the third month of life. All cases of EOD were detected during the first day of life and 2 of them were premature births. In the infants with LOD, a high incidence of meningitis occurred (78%). The most common clinical presentation in group B streptococcal infections was fever (81%), followed by irritable crying (42%) and poor feeding (39%). Seizure was noted in 57% of meningitis cases. Obstetric and neonatal risk factors were compared between EOD and LOD, with prematurity and low birth weight significantly (P=0.01) more common among infants with EOD compared with LOD. Of the strains tested, the sensitivity to penicillin, ampicillin and erythromycin were 83%, 74%, and 75%, respectively. All strains were resistant to tetracycline and gentamicin. There were 2 case fatalities (6%) and 6 (17%) had major neurologic sequelae. These data provide that the vast majority of EOD are recognized on the first day of life and prematurity is an important risk factor. In comparison to the previous report in Taiwan, a changing spectrum of GBS infections in infants occurs during the study period. The observed incidence of EOD is decreased and meningitis is still predominantly in LOD. It is suggested early recognition and aggressive therapy have resulted in a much lower mortality rate than previously reported.
A 10-bit 200 MS/s CMOS parallel pipeline A/D converter (2000)

A 10-bit 200 MS/s parallel pipeline ADC is presented. It consists of a front-end sample-and-hold circuit and four parallel pipelined component ADCs followed by a digital offset compensation. By incorporating double sampling both in the S/H circuit and the component ADCs a power dissipation of only 280 mW from a 3.0 V supply is achieved. The circuit is implemented with a standard 0.5 µm CMOS process occupying 7.4 mm2. According to the measurements, a DNL and INL of 0.8 LSB and 0.9 LSB, respectively, is achieved while the peak SFDR is 56 dB with a 200 MS/s sample rate.
A dirichlet multinomial mixture model-based approach for short text clustering (2014)

Short text clustering has become an increasingly important task with the popularity of social media like Twitter, Google+, and Facebook. It is a challenging problem due to its sparse, high-dimensional, and large-volume characteristics. In this paper, we proposed a collapsed Gibbs Sampling algorithm for the Dirichlet Multinomial Mixture model for short text clustering (abbr. to GSDMM). We found that GSDMM can infer the number of clusters automatically with a good balance between the completeness and homogeneity of the clustering results, and is fast to converge. GSDMM can also cope with the sparse and high-dimensional problem of short texts, and can obtain the representative words of each cluster. Our extensive experimental study shows that GSDMM can achieve significantly better performance than three other clustering models.
Software radio platform based on general PC and network (2002)

Using general-purpose platforms and software modules instead of application specific hardware to construct communication systems is really reasonable due to the flexibility such a system enjoys. By employing a distributed computing protocol used to control communication traffic and computation, the cluster of computers interconnected by Ethernet has the ability to handle real time data stream that should be processed in modulation and demodulation. Using message-passing mechanism, we constructed a high-performance protocol ideal for software radio. A task distributing mechanism for parallel computing, which is based on a data dictionary is designed as a part of the protocol. As the precondition of distributed computing, decoupling of the data stream is also discussed.
Focal Loss in 3D Object Detection (2019)

3D object detection is still an open problem in autonomous driving scenes. When recognizing and localizing key objects from sparse 3D inputs, autonomous vehicles suffer from a larger continuous searching space and higher fore-background imbalance compared to image-based object detection. In this letter, we aim to solve this fore-background imbalance in 3D object detection. Inspired by the recent use of focal loss in image-based object detection, we extend this hard-mining improvement of binary cross entropy to point-cloud-based object detection and conduct experiments to show its performance based on two different 3D detectors: 3D-FCN and VoxelNet. The evaluation results show up to 11.2AP gains through the focal loss in a wide range of hyperparameters for 3D object detection.
An assessment of solar-powered organic Rankine cycle systems for combined heating and power in UK domestic applications (2014)

Performance calculations are presented for a small-scale combined solar heat and power (CSHP) system based on an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), in order to investigate the potential of this technology for the combined provision of heating and power for domestic use in the UK. The system consists of a solar collector array of total area equivalent to that available on the roof of a typical UK home, an ORC engine featuring a generalised positive-displacement expander and a water-cooled condenser, and a hot water storage cylinder. Preheated water from the condenser is sent to the domestic hot water cylinder, which can also receive an indirect heating contribution from the solar collector. Annual simulations of the system are performed. The electrical power output from concentrating parabolic-trough (PTC) and non-concentrating evacuated-tube (ETC) collectors of the same total array area are compared. A parametric analysis and a life-cycle cost analysis are also performed, and the annual performance of the system is evaluated according to the total electrical power output and cost per unit generating capacity. A best-case average electrical power output of 89 W (total of 776 kW h/year) plus a hot water provision capacity equivalent to ∼80% of the total demand are demonstrated, for a whole system capital cost of £2700–£3900. Tracking PTCs are found to be very similar in performance to non-tracking ETCs with an average power output of 89 W (776 kW h/year) vs. 80 W (701 kW h/year).
The Bush Doctrine: rest in peace? (2004)

At the behest of Congress in 1986, Presidents have issued National Security Strategy (NSS) white papers. George W. Bush’s only formulation to date appeared one year after the 9/11 attacks, and, com...
PyPy's approach to virtual machine construction (2006)

The PyPy project seeks to prove both on a research and a practical level the feasibility of constructing a virtual machine (VM) for a dynamic language in a dynamic language - in this case, Python. The aim is to translate (i.e. compile) the VM to arbitrary target environments, ranging in level from C/Posix to Smalltalk/Squeak via Java and CLI/.NET, while still being of reasonable efficiency within these environments.A key tool to achieve this goal is the systematic reuse of the Python language as a system programming language at various levels of our architecture and translation process. For each level, we design a corresponding type system and apply a generic type inference engine - for example, the garbage collector is written in a style that manipulates simulated pointer and address objects, and when translated to C these operations become C-level pointer and address instructions.
Empirical Comparisons of Meteorological Rocket Wind Sensors (1962)

Graphical comparisons of the wind responses of several meteorological rocket sensors are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the contemporary systems to the problem of measuring winds at altitudes in excess of those attainable by normal balloon techniques. Data are presented for component winds derived from chaff, parachutes, spheres and standard radiosondes. To avoid masking the basic data, response corrections have not been applied. These data indicate that the parachute and sphere provide a generally acceptable accuracy to 200,000 ft without application of fall-rate corrections, while optimized chaff is expected to provide acceptable data to 250,000 ft.
SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT FOP OPHTHALMIC CARE IN APPROPRIATE NATIONS (1994)

International Ophthalmology Clinics is a valuable resource for any medical professional seeking to stay informed and up-to-date regarding developments in this dynamic specialty. Each issue of this quarterly publication presents a comprehensive review of a single topic in a new or changing area of ophthalmology. The timely, tightly focused review articles found in this publication give ophthalmologists the opportunity to benefit from the knowledge of leading experts in this rapidly changing field.
Use of molecular targeted agents for the diagnosis, staging and therapy of neuroendocrine malignancy (2010)

Imaging of neuroendocrine tumours (NET) poses significant challenges because of the heterogeneous biology of the tumours that are represented by this class of neoplasia. NET can range from benign lesions to highly aggressive cancers. Structural imaging techniques have suboptimal sensitivity in most published series and diagnosis is often delayed until metastatic disease is present. Current guidelines emphasise the importance of functional imaging for evaluating the extent of NET. The mainstay of this type of imaging has been somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) with [(111)In]diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-octreotide (Octreoscan™). Routine use of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and particularly of hybrid SPECT/computed tomography (CT) has significantly improved localisation of tumour sites and evaluation of somatostatin receptor (SSTR) expression, which is important for predicting the likelihood of response to somatostatin analogues (SSA). Positron emission tomography (PET) can also now be used for evaluating SSTR expression. There are a number of peptides that have been evaluated but [(68)Ga]tetraazocyclodecanetetraacetic acid (DOTA)-octreotate (GaTate) PET/CT, which has been shown to be significantly more sensitive for detecting small lesions than Octreoscan™, is now probably the preferred agent because high uptake in known sites of disease provides a diagnostic pair for assessing suitability of patients for [(177)Lu]DOTA-octreotate (LuTate) peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). A range of other radiolabelled SSA has also been used for PRRT. Lesions without SSTR expression require alternative imaging and therapeutic strategies. Although fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in low-grade NET is not generally increased relative to normal tissues, the loss of differentiation that often accompanies loss of SSTR expression may be associated with a significant increase in glycolytic metabolism and an accompanying improvement in the diagnostic sensitivity of FDG PET/CT. High FDG avidity is associated with a poorer prognosis but increases the likelihood of response to chemotherapy. Functioning tumours also require substrates for their secreted products. This can be exploited for NET imaging with amine precursor uptake being imaged using [(18)F]3,4-dihydrophenylalanine and serotonin-secreting tumours being sensitively detected using [(11)C]5-hydroxytryptamine. Both these agents are suitable for imaging with PET. [(123)I]meta-Iodo-benzyl-guanidine (MIBG) SPECT/CT may also be useful as a staging technique, particularly for NET of the sympathetic neuronal chain, and can identify patients who may be suitable for [(131)I]MIBG therapy. In the future, paradigms guided by clinical and biopsy features should allow personalized imaging paradigms aligned to therapeutic options.
Dual select diode AMLCDs: A path towards scalable two‐mask array designs (2005)

Abstract— In this paper an alternative active‐matrix LCD technology is described with scalable, low‐cost processing. The Dual Select Diode AMLCD needs less than 40% of the capital investment in the array process compared to a‐Si TFT arrays and results in 20% lower‐cost LCD modules. Development at several AMLCD manufacturers is in progress.
“Coupling” Semantics and science in earthquake research (2004)

Coupling is a convenient word that describes a wide variety of interactions or feedback processes, including those that we do not fully understand. Examples in Earth science include ocean‐atmosphere coupling, climate‐tectonics coupling, and core‐mantle coupling. The word is also very popular in discussions of plate boundary earthquake processes. As a vague expression, fault coupling is a perfectly adequate term, describing some kind of mechanical interaction between rocks of each side of a fault. For those of us who try to infer fault processes from geodetic measurements, coupling usually indicates a state of no or low current slip. If a fault is fully locked, we may say it is “coupled” or “fully coupled.” If a plate boundary fault is slipping at the long‐term plate convergence rate, we may say it is “decoupled.” Fault segments that are slipping more slowly than the plate convergence rate are then “partially” coupled. To avoid awkward expressions such as “negatively” or “overly” coupled, an equivalent description has been used in the literature; that is, to define a “coupling ratio” with values ranging from negative to greater than unity. For describing kinematics, these expressions would not be wrong. However, with one additional step, our usage of the word coupling can lead to confusion. That step is to describe a fault that is not slipping as “strongly coupled.”
Effect of Aloe vera juice on growth and activities of Lactobacilli in-vitro. (2012)

In present investigation, different concentrations of Aloe vera juice incorporated into the growth media of Lactobacilli were tested to observe the effect on growth and activities of these bacteria. From the results obtained, it was observed that aloe vera juice at a concentration of 5% v/v was effective in promoting the growth of L. acidophilus, L. plantarum and L. casei, as evident from the fall in pH and increased acidity, as well as from the improved generation time. At 15 to 25% concentration, growth was unaffected as compared to the controls; however, concentration higher than 25%v/v discouraged the growth. Overall, it was concluded that Aloe vera juice or gel at a particular concentration could possibly be used in combination with probiotic Lactobacillus strain(s) as a combinational therapy for gastrointestinal disorders and cardiovascular diseases.
Lignocellulose as raw material in fermentation processes (2010)

Lignocellulose in the form of forestry, agricultural, and agro-industrial wastes is accumulated in large quantities every year. These materials are mainly composed of three groups of polymers, namely cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Cellulose and hemicellulose are sugar rich fractions of interest for use in fermentation processes, since microorganisms may use the sugars for growth and production of value added compounds such as ethanol, food additives, organic acids, enzymes, and others. Submerged and solid-state fermentation systems have been used to produce compounds of industrial interest from lignocellulose, as an alternative for valorization of these wastes and also to solve environmental problems caused by their disposal. When submerged fermentation systems are used, a previous stage of hydrolysis for separation of the lignocellulose constituents is required. This work is an overview about the potential uses of lignocellulosic materials in fermentation processes. Aspects related to submerged and solid-state fermentation systems will be described focusing on the raw materials, hydrolysis processes, fermentation conditions, microorganisms, and products that can be obtained.
Genetics of inflammatory bowel disease (1996)

: Genetic influence in the susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is suggested by racial, ethnic, and familial aggregation of disease. Increased concordance for IBD in monozygotic compared with dizygotic twins suggests that genetic rather than environmental factors are primarily responsible for the familial aggregation. A dramatically increased risk for IBD in siblings compared with spouses of affected individuals and many instances of temporal and geographic separation of disease onset in affected relatives also suggest that the familial aggregation of IBD is primarily due to genetic factors. The complex genetics of IBD involves incomplete penetrance and probably involves oligogenic inheritance and genetic heterogeneity. Identification of subclinical markers and markers of genetic heterogeneity in IBD to address the likely problems of incomplete penetrance and genetic heterogeneity would greatly simplify the task of finding IBD susceptibility loci in well-designed genetic marker association and linkage studies. Potential subclinical markers and markers of genetic heterogeneity in IBD are reviewed, as are candidate-gene studies. In addition to candidate-gene studies, future studies should include whole genome screening by using polymorphic genetic markers throughout the genome systematically to map IBD-susceptibility loci. Currently available molecular biologic technology with highly informative polymorphic genetic markers should permit successful identification of IBD-susceptibility genes.
Chemische Reaktionen der Perthiophosphonsäureanhydride (1967)

Abstract Die Reaktion von Perthioarylphosphonsäureanhydriden, (RPS 2 ) 2 , mit Tri‐n‐butyl‐phosphin führt, je nach dem angewandten Molverhältnis, zu Tri‐n‐butylphosphonium‐dithioarylphosphonsäure‐betainen oder zu „Arylphosphoren”︁, (RP) n . Das chemische Verhalten der inneren Phosphoniumphosphonate, einer neuen Verbindungsklasse, gegenüber Aminen und SO 2 ist beschrieben. Mit Alkylhalogeniden reagieren Perthioarylphosphonsäureanhydride zu Thiophosphonsäurehalogenid‐thioestern, RP(S)(X) (S‐alkyl), mit Phenylisocyanat oder Phenylisothiocyanat wird ein neuer Heterocyclus gebildet, der zwei Phosphoratome, ein Schwefel‐ und ein Stickstoffatom enthält. Pyridin und tertiäre Amine liefern mit Perthiophosphonsäureanhydriden innere Pyridinium‐ bzw. innere Ammonium‐dithio‐phosphonate.
Perpendicular orientation of microdomains in PS-b-PMMA thin films on the PS brushed substrates (2011)

The microdomain orientation in thin films of cylinder- and lamella-forming polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) copolymers on polystyrene (PS) brushed (or grafted) substrates was studied using scanning force microscopy (SFM) and grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS), where the grafting density (σ) of the underlying PS layers are controlled. The perpendicular orientation for cylindrical and lamellar microdomains in PS-b-PMMA films was found when the grafting density range of the PS brush was adjusted, which is presumably caused by the surface heterogeneity of the effective PS brush chains on the PS brushed substrates, rather than the balanced interfacial interactions. These results suggest that the homopolymer brushed substrates of the same chemical identity with one component of BCP may serve as a facile means to achieve a desired microdomain orientation of BCP films by controlling σ of the underlying polymer layers.
Minimizing channel density with movable terminals (2002)

Algorithms to minimize density for channels with terminals that are movable subject to certain constraints are given. The main cases considered are channels with linear order constraints, channels with linear order constraints and separation constraints, channels with movable modules containing fixed terminals, and channels with movable modules and terminals. In each case, previous results for running time and space are improved by a factor of L/lg n and L, respectively, where L is the channel length and n is the number of terminals.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Real options approach to capacity planning under uncertainty (2004)

C ertified b y.................................................................................................... chard de Neufville Professor of Engineering Systems and of Civil a ironmental Engineering
Discharge summary note based on service-oriented architecture (2010)

Discharge summary note is one of important clinical data in medical records, and it concisely summarizes the patient's stay during hospitalization. In this article, we use web-based architecture in developing a new discharge summary system of National Taiwan University Hospital, and improve the traditional client/server architecture of old system. This article introduces the design considerations and implementation level in detail, including summary search and query, model and phrase quoted, summary check list, major editing blocks and other functionalities.
The Experimental Production of Melanin Pigment on the Lower Surface of Summer Flounders (Paralichthys Dentatus) (1940)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Promises, Challenges, and Recent Progress of Inorganic Solid‐State Electrolytes for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries (2018)

All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) have the potential to revolutionize battery systems for electric vehicles due to their benefits in safety, energy density, packaging, and operable temperature range. As the key component in ASSLBs, inorganic lithium-ion-based solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) have attracted great interest, and advances in SSEs are vital to deliver the promise of ASSLBs. Herein, a survey of emerging SSEs is presented, and ion-transport mechanisms are briefly discussed. Techniques for increasing the ionic conductivity of SSEs, including substitution and mechanical strain treatment, are highlighted. Recent advances in various classes of SSEs enabled by different preparation methods are described. Then, the issues of chemical stabilities, electrochemical compatibility, and the interfaces between electrodes and SSEs are focused on. A variety of research addressing these issues is outlined accordingly. Given their importance for next-generation battery systems and transportation style, a perspective on the current challenges and opportunities is provided, and suggestions for future research directions for SSEs and ASSLBs are suggested.
Thermal Conductivity and Heat Capacity of Beryllium Carbide (1950)

The thermal conductivity of a hollow hot‐pressed cylinder of beryllium carbide has been deter mined within an accuracy of ±200% from 300° to 950°C. The enthalpy and mean heat capacity of powdered beryllium carbide have been determined within 10 to 15% from room temperature to 1100°C.