gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Secondary Benefits from Tinnitus Retraining Therapy: Clinically Significant Increases in Loudness Discomfort Level and Expansion of the Auditory Dynamic Range (2007)

In this report, the authors highlight clinically significant improvements in sound tolerance observed over the past decade among patients who were enrolled in tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT) at the University of Maryland Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Center. Pretreatment and TRT follow-up audiometric threshold, loudness discomfort level (LDL), and dynamic-range (DR) data are documented for (1) a group of 68 tinnitus patients who presented with primary complaints of sound intolerance, and (2) a second group of 70 patients who reported only tinnitus (and no sound tolerance problems). TRT-related increases in sound tolerance are (1) due to increases in LDLs and occur independently of changes in audiometric threshold, which were invariant with treatment; (2) statistically significant in tinnitus patients with and without sound tolerance problems, and with and without hearing loss; (3) observed among 81% of the patients with sound tolerance complaints and 44% of the patients who reported primary tinnitus; (4) independent of audiometric frequency over the range 1000 to 8000 Hz; and (5) seemingly independent of TRT treatment duration, which is consistent with recent experimental evidence of a rapid treatment effect (within the first month of TRT). The TRT treatment effects were clinically meaningful, offering new opportunities for expanding the auditory DR and improving sound tolerance in the general hearing-impaired population. The mechanism responsible for the plasticity underlying these treatment effects is uncertain, but appears consistent with a centrally mediated auditory gain control process. Sound tolerance problems were overpredicted among the authors' sample of tinnitus-only patients when existing objective audiometric criteria were used. This finding promoted the development of a new predictive model for sound tolerance problems, which is described in a companion report.
The ATP-Competitive mTOR Inhibitor INK128 Enhances <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Radiosensitivity of Pancreatic Carcinoma Cells (2013)

These results indicate that mTOR inhibition induced by INK128 enhances the radiosensitivity of pancreatic carcinoma cells and suggest that this effect involves the inhibition of DNA repair.
Object-Based Classification of Urban Areas Using VHR Imagery and Height Points Ancillary Data (2012)

Land cover classification of very high resolution (VHR) imagery over urban areas is an extremely challenging task. Impervious land covers such as buildings, roads, and parking lots are spectrally too similar to be separated using only the spectral information of VHR imagery. Additional information, therefore, is required for separating such land covers by the classifier. One source of additional information is the vector data, which are available in archives for many urban areas. Further, the object-based approach provides a more effective way to incorporate vector data into the classification process as the misregistration between different layers is less problematic in object-based compared to pixel-based image analysis. In this research, a hierarchical rule-based object-based classification framework was developed based on a small subset of QuickBird (QB) imagery coupled with a layer of height points called Spot Height (SH) to classify a complex urban environment. In the rule-set, different spectral, morphological, contextual, class-related, and thematic layer features were employed. To assess the general applicability of the rule-set, the same classification framework and a similar one using slightly different thresholds applied to larger subsets of QB and IKONOS (IK), respectively. Results show an overall accuracy of 92% and 86% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.88 and 0.80 for the QB and IK Test image, respectively. The average producers’ accuracies for impervious land cover types were also 82% and 74.5% for QB and IK.
Traumatic Myositis Ossificans As a Result of College Fraternity Hazing (2008)

We present a case of a 20-year-old college student who had myositis ossificans traumatica develop after a fraternity hazing. The patient was struck repeatedly on both of his thighs while standing at attention, and he presented with bilateral thigh pain and stiffness 6 weeks after the incident. Physical examination revealed 130 degrees flexion of his right knee and 50 degrees flexion of his left knee, which had a firm end point. Radiographs showed extensive new bone located adjacent to the anterior and lateral aspects of his left femur with less involvement of his right thigh. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed considerable edema involving much of the rectus femoris and vastus lateralis of both thighs. The patient was treated with physical therapy and indomethacin for pain and inflammation control. At his 1.5-year followup, the patient's left knee flexion had improved to 130 degrees . Nonoperative treatment with careful followup resulted in a favorable outcome in this patient despite considerable formation of bilateral thigh myositis ossificans traumatica.
Cross-Linking of Cotton Cellulose with Ethylene Urea Derivatives Having Varying Hydrogen-Bonding Capabilities (1970)

Cotton print cloth was reacted with 1, 3-bis (hydroxymethyl)-2-imidazolidinone (dimethylol ethylene urea) and with several modifications of this compound which had varying hydrogen-bonding capabilities but were still capable of cross-linking the cellulose. Reactions were carried out in two solvent systems, water and dimethylformamide, using Zn (NO 3 ) 2 .6H 2 O as the catalyst. Add-ons of the cross-linking agents and changes in the physical properties of the treated fabrics were determined. Infrared spectra of the treated fabrics were obtained and infrared bands characteristic of the hydrogen-bonded structure of cellulose were studied and used to qualitatively suggest changes in that structure. It appears that hydrogen bonding of the cellulose with substituents on the resin is not significant in producing changes in the physical properties, including resiliency, of cross-linked cotton. The reactivity of these resins and the type of bond formed with the cellulose system (intra- or inter-molecular) seem to be the major causes of differences in physical properties of the treated fabrics.
Objective measurements to evaluate glottal space segmentation from laryngeal images (2012)

Objective evaluation of the results of medical image segmentation is a known problem. Applied to the task of automatically detecting the glottal area from laryngeal images, this paper proposes a new objective measurement to evaluate the quality of a segmentation algorithm by comparing with the results given by a human expert. The new figure of merit is called Area Index, and its effectiveness is compared with one of the most used figures of merit found in the literature: the Pratt Index. Results over 110 laryngeal images presented high correlations between both indexes, demonstrating that the proposed measure is comparable to the Pratt Index and it is a good indicator of the segmentation quality.
Highly Stretchable and Conductive Core–Sheath Chemical Vapor Deposition Graphene Fibers and Their Applications in Safe Strain Sensors (2015)

Highly stretchable and conductive core–sheath nanofibers are significant for flexible and wearable microelectronics. Core–sheath fibers were massively fabricated from ultralong chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown graphene bundles. They exhibited superior conductivity and excellent mechanical properties that exceeded those of the reduced graphene oxide fibers. The intrinsic dynamic fracture procedure and mechanism of the core–sheath nanofibers were investigated. Furthermore, safe strain sensors based on as-prepared core–sheath CVD graphene fibers have been demonstrated as a proof-of-concept application. The performance of strain sensors has been greatly improved by using CVD graphene fibers.
Value-conscious cache: simple technique for reducing cache access power (2004)

Most microprocessors employ the on-chip caches to bridge the performance gap between the processor and main memory. However, the cache accesses usually contribute significantly to the total power consumption of the chip. Based on the observation that an overwhelming majority of the cache access bits are '0', in this paper we propose a value-conscious (VC) cache to reduce the average cache power consumption during an access. Unlike the conventional cache with differential-bitline implementation, the VC cache is a single-bitline design. Depending on the access bit value, the VC cache can dynamically prevent the bitline from being discharged such that the power dissipated in accessing '0' is much less than the power dissipated in accessing '1'. The implementation of the VC cache is a circuit-level technique, which is software independent and orthogonal to other low power techniques at architecture-level. The experimental results based on the SPEC2000 and MediaBench traces show that without compromise of both performance and stability, by exploiting the prevalence of '0' bits in access data the VC cache can reduce the average cache read and write power by about 18%/spl sim/22% and 36%/spl sim/40%, respectively.
New Therapeutic Strategies for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (2016)

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease, which in the majority of patients progresses to liver transplantation or death. To date, no medical treatment has been proven to be of benefit, although ursodeoxycholic acid is widely used. The etiopathogenesis of PSC is unclear, although it is associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Various hypotheses have been suggested, which have led to different therapeutic strategies. Recent studies have suggested that the microbiome may play a role in PSC, raising the possibility of efficacy of antibiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation. Gut-homing T cells may be important in the pathogenesis of PSC, and several agents are in development, targeting various receptors, integrins, and ligands on this pathway, including VAP-1, MAdCAM-1, α4β7, and CCR9. Nuclear receptor agonists such as obeticholic acid and fibrates hold promise, as do other therapies that alter bile acid composition such as norUDCA. Antifibrotic agents such as Loxl2 inhibitors are also being assessed. In conclusion, it is likely that an effective drug therapy for PSC will become available over the next decade.
A method of X-ray source spectrum estimation from transmission measurements based on compressed sensing (2019)

A new method of X-ray source spectrum estimation based on compressed sensing is proposed in this paper. The algorithm K-SVD is applied for sparse representation. Nonnegative constraints are added by modifying the L1 reconstruction algorithm proposed by Rosset and Zhu. The estimation method is demonstrated on simulated spectra typical of mammography and CT. X-ray spectra are simulated with the Monte Carlo code Geant4. The proposed method is successfully applied to highly ill conditioned and under determined estimation problems with a good performance of suppressing noises. Results with acceptable accuracies (MSE < 5%) can be obtained with 10% Gaussian white noises added to the simulated experimental data. The biggest difference between the proposed method and the existing methods is that multiple prior knowledge of X-ray spectra can be included in one dictionary, which is meaningful for obtaining the true X-ray spectrum from the measurements.
Solution to CommuniCrostic no. 59 (1987)

Provides the solution to the Communicrostic puzzle.
Assessment of Anosmia After Traumatic Brain Injury (2002)

These findings support past investigations indicating that anosmia, and unawareness of olfactory dysfunction, are common in persons with TBI and related to injury severity. The use of the 3-item screening measure as a gross indicator was supported, although caution is advised, because nearly 20% of patients performing perfectly on the 3-item screen scored in the anosmic range on the full UPSIT.
Adapting an Articulated Vehicle to its Drivers (2000)

A yaw plane model with limited roll-DOF of a five-axle tractor semitrailer is developed to study the open-loop directional dynamics of the vehicle. A driver model incorporating path preview, low and high frequency compensatory gains and time delays, and prediction of the vehicle state, is developed and integrated with the vehicle model. The coupled model is analyzed to investigate the vehicle design, which could be best adapted in view of the control limits of different driver, which are identified in terms of preview distance, reaction time and compensatory gain. A performance index based upon the vehicle path tracking, directional response characteristics and the driver’s steering effort is formulated and minimized using Gauss-Newton method to derive the desirable ranges of vehicle parameters, that could be adapted for drivers with varying skills. It is concluded that the adaptability and thus the directional performance of the vehicle can be enhanced through variations in the weights and dimensions, and compliant properties of the suspension, tire and the fifth wheel. The results of the study suggest that a driver with superior driving skill can easily adapt a vehicle with relatively large size, soft suspension and higher degree of oversteer. The results further show that the driver-adapted vehicle yields up to 33 percent reduction in the steering effort demand posed on the driver, while the roll angle and yaw rate response decrease by up to 40 percent.
Activity of mutant sigma F proteins truncated near the C terminus (1992)

sigma F, the product of the spoIIAC gene of Bacillus subtilis, is homologous in amino acid sequence throughout most of its length with several other sigma factors of B. subtilis and Escherichia coli. However, 8 residues from the C terminus the homology abruptly breaks down, suggesting that the C-terminal tail of the protein may be dispensable. It is known that an amber mutation at the 11th codon (wild-type glutamine 245) from the C terminus abolishes the function of the sigma factor. We have now placed chain-terminating codons at the ninth codon (wild-type lysine 247), the eighth codon (wild-type valine 248), or the seventh codon (wild-type glutamine 249) from the C terminus. We have tested the resulting mutants for their capacity to sporulate and for their ability to transcribe from a promoter (spoIIIG) that is normally read by RNA polymerase bound to sigma F (E sigma F). The results indicate that a mutant sigma F lacking the terminal 7 residues functions almost normally, which suggests that glutamine 249 is dispensable. By contrast, lysine 247 is crucial for the activity of sigma F: deletion of the 9 C-terminal residues totally inactivates the protein. When the terminal 8 residues were deleted, placing lysine 247 at the C terminus, the transcriptional activity of the factor is reduced by about 80%: we attribute this effect to neutralization of the positive charge of lysine 247 by formation of a salt bridge with the -COO- terminus.
Biotransformation of nitrosobenzene in the red cell and the role of glutathione (1980)

1. In the red cell nitrosobenzene formed glutathione-sulphinanilide from reduced glutathione, and the corresponding sulphinanilide with the reactive cysteine residues of haemoglobin. 2. Glutathionesulphinanilide was reductively cleaved by an NADPH-linked reductase with formation of free analine half an equivalent of reduced glutathione and half of glutathione sulphinic acid. 3. About three quarters of the aniline produced from nitrosobenzene or phenylhydroxylamine was formed via this pathway within the red cell.
An Investigation of Smoothness Constraints for the Estimation of Displacement Vector Fields from Image Sequences (1986)

A mapping between one frame from an image sequence and the preceding or following frame can be represented as a displacement vector field. In most situations, the mere gray value variations do not provide sufficient information in order to estimate such a displacement vector field. Supplementary constraints are necessary, for example the postulate that a displacement vector field varies smoothly as a function of the image position. Taken as a general requirement, this creates difficulties at gray value transitions which correspond to occluding contours. Nagel therefore introduced the ``oriented smoothness'' requirement which restricts variations of the displacement vector field only in directions with small or no variation of gray values. This contribution reports results of an investigation about how such an ``oriented smoothness'' constraint may be formulated and evaluated.
Risk Factors for Penile Prosthetic Infection (1996)

The risk of infection is significantly greater when penile reconstruction is required, and appears to be related to increased duration of surgery. The increased risk of infection associated with revision of a penile prosthesis cannot be explained by patient characteristics or operative time.
The Transatlantic Partnership in the 1990s (1996)

The transatlantic partnership in the 1990s consists of a complex web of institutions wherein the Unites States and Europe cooperate in the spheres of politics, security, economics, and culture. These institutions have shown a greater dynamism in the 1990s than perhaps at any time since their creation. Responding to changed security realities, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was enlarged to encompass the states of Central and Eastern Europe through the North Atlantic Cooperation Council (NACC) in December 1991 and the Partnership for Peace (PfP) programme in January 1994. The main transatlantic partners are also the main players in the economic organizations of the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank group (IBRD), and were the dominant forces behind the transformation of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) into the World Trade Organization (WTO) in January 1994. These actors also consult through the Group of Seven (G7) industrialized states and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). To these was added the Declaration on US-EC Relations of 23 November 1990, which established a framework for regular and intensive consultation. Recently, there have been calls for a further institutionalization of an 'Atlantic Community,' and proposals for a comprehensive agreement on foreign direct investment and a transatlantic free trade area.KeywordsEuropean UnionForeign PolicyWorld Trade OrganizationNorth American Free Trade AgreementUruguay RoundThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
The Development of Kingdoms in Negro Africa (1960)

O n e of the more striking features of African society, south of the Sahara Desert, is the presence there of numerous states or kingdoms. These are varied in size and internal structure, but some of them are large in area and include or have included in historic times quite large populations. Many students of Africa have thought, as I do, that this phenomenon, if correctly interpreted, bears important witness to the intellectual capacity of the African peoples. One does not have to like kingdoms and I quite frankly do not like absolutisms to see that it takes a high order of intelligence and political acumen to hold a million restive, diverse people together in one state especially under the limitations imposed by pedestrian transport which characterized most of sub-Saharan Africa before the twentieth century. As one examines in detail the political and legal arrangements of a number of African kingdoms, one is driven to an increasing admiration for the sophisticated imagination for law and constitution to which these states bear witness.
Picturing God (1994)

I HAVE FOUND I T VERY USEFUL IN STUDYING T H E LATER philosophical work of Ludwig Wittgenstein to place the Philosophical Investigations in the context of challenging logical positivism. Placing it in such a context, we might easily draw two conclusions about necessity and nonsense opposite from those Rudolf Carnap might have drawn. First, instead of logic's inviolability, we might conclude that logic and mathematics are language-games on the same footing as any other that is, no footing at all. We all act in a certain way in our counting, adding, etc., and this is no more than a raw empirical fact, as Michael Dummett claims concerning Wittgenstein's supposed full-blooded conventionalism: That a given statement is necessary consists always in our having expressly decided to treat that very statement as unassailable.l Second, instead of all religious talk being Unsinn, as most logical positivists thought, religious language-games become unassailable as examples of other forms of life. Religious talk will be criticized only from outside of that religion, where it cannot be understood, and therefore cannot be criticized. As Peter Winch observes, our criteria for rationality may simply not count as reasons to the religious, and therefore any argument that can be run by the nonbeliever to show the believer to be unrea-
Measurement and analysis of voltage events in a low-voltage distribution network (2004)

The paper presents the results of several months monitoring of voltage events in a low-voltage distribution network. Voltage dips, short interruptions and overvoltages in voltage supply are considered in the study. The voltage event detection method employed uses three Kalman Filters, one per voltage phase, to detect and estimate in real-time the magnitude and phase angle of the three-phase voltage supply during the event. Statistical analysis of the voltage events recorded and the effect of these voltage events on equipment are also considered in the paper.
Resistance of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> var. <i>niger</i> Spores Occluded in Water-insoluble Crystals to Three Sterilization Agents (1967)

The resistance to destruction of spores of Bacillus subtilis var. niger occluded in crystals of calcium carbonate and exposed to ethylene oxide and moist and dry heat was determined and compared with the destruction of unoccluded spores. Occluded spores could not be inactivated with ethylene oxide. Resistance to inactivation was approximately 900 and 9 times higher for occluded than for unoccluded spores subjected to moist and dry heat, respectively, at 121 C. The protective effect may be due either to the unavailability of oxygen for destruction by oxidation or to inhibition of the loss of essential cell constituents by vaporization. Evidence also implicates the crystal structure as a thermal conductivity barrier. Occluded spores retained viability over a 3-year period compared with unoccluded spores which decreased over 90% during this period. Occluded spores in insoluble materials are seldom encountered in the technology of sterilization, but could be the most critical factor in the sterilization of interplanetary vehicles. Entrapped spores in insoluble materials are usually difficult to detect, and are very stable as well as extremely resistant to destruction by heat and ethylene oxide.