gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adult Deformity: Management of Sagittal Plane Deformity in Revision Adult Spine Surgery (2002)

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After reading this article, the participant should be able to: Diagnose sagittal plane deformity. Identify the indications for operative management of sagittal plane deformity. Describe the outcomes expected with each of the surgical treatments available for sagittal plane deformity.
The Clinical Impact of Thiopurine Methyltransferase Polymorphisms on Thiopurine Treatment (2005)

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Investigation of Extending Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) to Combined Use of Galileo and Modernized GPS (2004)

The United States has plans to modernize GPS, and Europe has plans to implement the new Galileo system. By exploiting the large number of satellites and new signals from both systems, it might be possible to extend Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) to achieve much smaller alert limits. A possible application is instrument approach with vertical guidance. This paper provides a preliminary analysis of an application to a specific type of instrument approach designated LPV, which has a vertical alert limit (VAL) of 50 m. Results suggest that the application could be feasible, but there are some important conditions, including an assumption that the magnitude of the pseudorange error resulting from any fault affecting multiple satellites can be bounded to several times the standard deviation of the nominal ranging error. A case for bounding the worst-case multiple-satellite faults would probably require a detailed failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) of each future constellation. For lack of such a validation, it is not yet possible to make an unequivocal assessment of the feasibility, but the concept may still be worth pursuing.
Advances in treatment of achondroplasia and osteoarthritis (2015)

Achondroplasia (ACH) is the prototype and most common of the human chondrodysplasias. It results from gain-of-function mutations that exaggerate the signal output of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), a receptor tyrosine kinase that negatively regulates growth plate activity and linear bone growth. Several approaches to reduce FGFR3 signaling by blocking receptor activation or inhibiting downstream signals have been proposed. Five show promise in preclinical mouse studies. Two candidate therapies target the extracellular domain of FGFR3. The first is a decoy receptor that competes for activating ligands. The second is a synthetic blocking peptide that prevents ligands from binding and activating FGFR3. Two established drugs, statins and meclozine, improve growth of ACH mice. The strongest candidate therapy employs an analog of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), which antagonizes the mitogen-activated-protein (MAP) kinase pathway downstream of the FGFR3 receptor and may also act independently in the growth plate. Only the CNP analog has reached clinical trials. Preliminary results of Phase 2 studies show a substantial increase in growth rate of ACH children after six months of therapy with no serious adverse effects. A challenge for drug therapy in ACH is targeting agents to the avascular growth plate. The application of gene therapy in osteoarthritis offers insights because it faces similar technical obstacles. Major advances in gene therapy include the emergence of recombinant adeno-associated virus as the vector of choice, capsid engineering to target vectors to specific tissues, and development of methods to direct vectors to articular chondrocytes.
The Growth Mechanism of Silicon Nanodots Synthesized by Sputtering Method (2011)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Samsudi Sakrani, Fatima Aldaw Idrees, Zulkafli Othaman, Abd. Khamim Ismail; The Growth Mechanism of Silicon Nanodots Synthesized by Sputtering Method. AIP Conf. Proc. 25 May 2011; 1341 (1): 109–113. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3586965 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Detection of clonal T cells in cutaneous T cell lymphoma by polymerase chain reaction: Comparison of mutation detection enhancement‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, temperature gradient gel electrophoresis and fragment analysis of sequencing gels (1998)

Cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCL) can be differentiated from benign inflammatory dermatoses by the demonstration of clonal T cells in skin biopsy. As a marker of the T cell clonality, the rearrangement of the T cell receptor (TCR) genes is amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequently analyzed by several electrophoresis techniques. Since the validity of this approach depends substantially on the separating capacity of the applied electrophoresis technique, we investigated in the present study the lower detection limit and the sensitivity of heteroduplex-loaded polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis on MDE (mutation detection enhancement) gels (HD-MDE PAGE), of heteroduplex-loaded temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (HD-TGGE) and fragment analysis (FA) on sequencing gels. Genomic DNA from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded skin biopsies of 53 CTCL specimens and 27 samples of benign dermatoses was analyzed by TCRy PCR followed by electrophoretic separation. Clonality was detected by HD-MDE PAGE in 22, by HD-TGGE in 34, and by FA in 33 of the 53 CTCL cases. Additionally, FA revealed an oligoclonal fragment profile in seven CTCL specimens. In the 27 samples from benign dermatoses, HD-MDE PAGE and HD-TGGE showed the expected polyclonal pattern in 26, and FA in 25 specimens. HD-TGGE and FA detected a clonal pattern down to a dilution of 10(3) monoclonal cells in 10(6) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), while HD-MDE PAGE revealed a detection limit of 10(4) monoclonal cells in 10(6) PBMC. In conclusion, HD-TGGE and FA possess a higher sensitivity and lower detection limit than HD-MDE PAGE. Therefore, both former techniques are useful tools for the routine diagnostic procedure. With regard to time and cost, we recommend HD-TGGE.
Antioxidant Activities and Phenolics of Passiflora edulis Seed Recovered from Juice Production Residue (2013)

Passion fruit seed was refluxed in methanolic water and further liquid - liquid extracted yielding n-Hexane, Ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and aqueous (Aq.) extracts. The EtOAc part was the most potent antioxidant (IC 50DPPH = 2.7 ± 0.2 and IC 50ABTS = 9.0 ± 0.0 µg/mL) that significantly (p < 0.05) better than Aq. extract (IC 50DPPH = 177.8 ± 1.3 and IC 50ABTS = 15.4 ± 0.0 µg/mL). The antioxidant EtOAc exhibited ferric reducing powder (EC1mM FeSO4 = 2,813.9 ± 11.6) and tyrosinase inhibitory effect (39.9 ± 0.0 % at 1 mg/mL). The more potent active extract had significant higher total phenolic content than the Aq. one (p < 0.05). Sun protection factor of the EtOAc extract was comparable to ferulic acid. Chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid and quercetin were highly found in EtOAc extract, whereas kojic acid and gallic acid were largely determined in the Aq. part. The most potent biologically active fraction was non cytotoxic in vero cells at the highest test concentration (50 µg/mL). A process to minimize the waste from the fruit juice production is offered. Passion fruit value and profitability in agribusinesses will be increased by the biochemical transformation of the seed into active extracts appraisal for natural cosmetic as a multifunction ingredient.
Sensors in neonatal monitoring: Current practice and future trends (2003)

Monitoring the status of preterm infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) provides a unique and challenging environment for the design, function and use of sensor-based monitoring equipment. This article presents an overview of sensor-based instrumentation used in the NICU for physiological and chemical status monitoring, and discusses some of the key sensing principles currently in use. The clinical demand for reliable patient data at acceptable cost is driving the development of new types of monitoring technologies, in particular for continuous blood-chemistry analysis. We describe some of the new sensor-based products finding their way into the NICU, together with a review of the more promising emerging sensor technologies that might eventually be incorporated into routine neonatal monitoring practice.
Development of a new borehole acoustic televiewer for geothermal applications (1985)

Currently Westfalische Berggewerkschaftskasse (WBK) of West Germany and the Los Alamos National Laboratory of the United States are jointly developing a borehole acoustic televiewer for use in geothermal wellbores. The tool can be described as five subsystems working together to produce a borehole image. Each of the subsystems will be described. 2 refs., 2 figs.
Production of Monoclonal Antibody to the Infective Stage of Cryptosporidium Infection in AIDS Patients (1997)

Cryptosporidium parvum has been recognized as a significant cause of life-threatening diarrhea in Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients. Clinical diagnosis of cryptosporidial infections has been primarily based on the detection of infective stage, oocysts, in stools. Anti-Cryptosporidium oocyst monoclonal antibody (mAb), IgG2a, recognizing an antigen of 97 kDa was generated to be used for diagnosis of Cryptosporidium infection in AIDS patients using an immunofluorecence. It appeared to react with the surface antigens. Transmission electron micrographs of the infective stage of Cryptosporidium recognized by this mAb demonstrated sporolulated oocysts, which measure , and sporozoites excysting from oocysts.
Hovering-flight tests of a model of a transport vertical-take-off airplane with tilting wing and propellers (1956)

Report presenting an investigation of the take-off, landing, and hovering-flight characteristics of a four-engine transport vertical-take-off airplane with tilting wing and propellers using a remotely controlled free-flight model. The model had four propellers distributed along the wing with the thrust axes in the wing-chord plane.
The Outlook for Composite Pressure Vessels (2008)

The natural gas vehicle (NGV) industry has been growing at double-digit rates, and with it, the demand for pressure-vessels capable of safely containing, storing, and dispensing natural gas fuels has grown as well. This article provides an overview of the growing NGV industry, now taking off due to an unprecedented combination of economic and environmental factors that have changed and will continue to change the auto production landscape, and the codevelopment of composite pressure vessels to support personal and public transit applications.
Psychostimulants and Movement Disorders (2015)

Psychostimulants are a diverse group of substances with their main psychomotor effects resembling those of amphetamine, methamphetamine, cocaine, or cathinone. Due to their potential as drugs of abuse, recreational use of most of these substances is illegal since 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances. In recent years, new psychoactive substances have emerged mainly as synthetic cathinones with new molecules frequently complementing the list. Psychostimulant related movement disorders are a known entity often seen in emergency rooms around the world. These admissions are becoming more frequent as are fatalities associated with drug abuse. Still the legal constraints of the novel synthetic molecules are bypassed. At the same time, chronic and permanent movement disorders are much less frequently encountered. These disorders frequently manifest as a combination of movement disorders. The more common symptoms include agitation, tremor, hyperkinetic and stereotypical movements, cognitive impairment, and also hyperthermia and cardiovascular dysfunction. The pathophysiological mechanisms behind the clinical manifestations have been researched for decades. The common denominator is the monoaminergic signaling. Dopamine has received the most attention but further research has demonstrated involvement of other pathways. Common mechanisms linking psychostimulant use and several movement disorders exist.
Tightly coupled multiprocessor system speeds memory-access times (1984)

A tightly coupled architecture of multiple processors automates the functions of expansion, system tuning, load balancing and data-base distribution-a major part of designing and implementing online systems. To reduce memory-access times significantly, the n+1 multiprocessor system for fault-tolerant transaction processing also combines individual cache memories for each processor with a data-sharing scheme. Thus it overcomes the problems which have prevented other designs from realising the increased performance a tightly coupled multiprocessor architecture should provide. The principal problem resulted from the use of a shared memory, because the individual processors contend for that memory and therefore waste much valuable processing time. The n+1 architecture, with individual cache memories and a 'bus-ownership protocol,' has overcome this impediment and offers linear increases of performance, with up to 28 processors sharing a common fault-tolerant memory system. The key to the synapse expansion architecture is a new look at bus arbitration and caching in tightly coupled systems.
Structure Optimization Design of High-Speed BLDC Motor Using Taguchi Method (2010)

This paper presents an approach to the optimal design of a high-speed brushless dc motor (BLDC) based on the Taguchi method. The objective of the optimal design is to increase the efficiency while to reduce the cogging torque of the motor. The process is realized by analysis and simulations with the equivalent magnetic circuit method. The results show that Taguchi methodology is very efficient and an effective approach in design optimization of a high-speed BLDC motor for high performance.
Normal diploid human and rodent cells lack a detectable frequency of gene amplification. (2020)

Gene amplification is frequently observed in tumors and transformed cell lines. This phenomenon is known to contribute to the generation of drug-resistant tumor cells and quantitation of the event is believed to have prognostic value in several types of neoplasias. To date, most studies of gene amplification have used immortalized cell lines and biopsied tumor samples. In this study I examine the amplification potentials of primary diploid cells, both human and rodent, and quantitatively compare them to the amplification potentials of their transformed counterparts. I have used a strictly defined protocol (i.e., selection at a stringency of 9 X LD50) to measure amplification potential at two loci, the gene for the multifunctional protein containing activities for carbamoyl phosphate synthase, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase (CAD) and the gene for dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). I find that the frequency of amplification in transformed cells is at least four orders of magnitude greater than that in normal cells. Out of 29 cell populations studied, the 7 diploid normal cell populations exhibited no detectable amplification frequency (limit of detection at 10(-8) whereas the 22 transformed cell lines demonstrated amplification frequencies between 10(-3) and 10(-7). These results demonstrate that a dramatic difference exists between primary diploid cell populations and immortalized cell populations in their ability to amplify genomic sequences and suggests a significant difference in genetic stability between these two cell types.
Adaptive Quantization with a One-Word Memory (1973)

We discuss a quantizer which, for every new input sample, adapts its step size by a factor depending only on the knowledge of which quantizer slot was occupied by the previous signal sample [1]. Specifically, if the outputs of a uniform B-bit quantizer are of the form Yu = PuΔu2; ±Pu = 1, 3, ⋯, 2B − 1, Δu&gt;0, the step size Δr is given by the previous step-size multiplied by a time-invariant function of the code-word magnitude |Pr−1|: Δr = Δr−1 ⋅ M(|Pr−1|). The adaptations are motivated by the assumption that the input signal variance is unknown. Computer simulations have shown that, for first-order Gauss-Markoff signals, the optimum multiplier function M (which minimizes the mean-squared value of quantization error) has the property that it calls for fast increases of step size but slow decreases thereof. This property was first observed in a differential speech quantizer described by Cummiskey and Flanagan during the previous meeting of the Acoustical Society. In fact, there is a remarkable agreement between the actual multiplier values used in the speech quantizer and the optimum multipliers noted in the present study. Furthermore, with a Gauss-Markov input, changes in input signal correlation have a very small effect on the values of optimum multipliers. This seems to indicate that the afore-cited speech quantizer is quite robust, although it was designed with a limited set of speech inputs.
Leukocyte adherence inhibition response to murine sarcoma virus-induced tumors. I. Cell requirements, specificity, lack of H-2 restriction, and role of antibody. (1980)

Abstract The characteristics and cell requirements of the tumor-specific leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) response of spleen lymphoid cells from C57BL/6 mice sensitized to murine sarcoma virus (MSV)-induced tumor antigens were examined to determine the mechanism of the response. Macrophages functioned as the major responding or indicator cell in the LAI assay. Spleen T cells and B cells were both required for the formation of a soluble mediator of LAI, LAI factor (LAIF), in response to intact tumor cell lines induced by murine leukemia virus (MuLV). A synergistic interaction between tumor-sensitized T cells and B cells occurred during the generation of LAIF. Macrophages were required for the response to solubilized membrane antigens but were not necessary for mediator formation in response to intact tumor cells. Formation of LAIF was rapid (2 hr) and required protein synthesis. The LAI response was not H-2 restricted since both syngeneic and allogeneic MuLV-induced tumor cell lines, or membrane extracts thereof, induced an adherence inhibition response with MSV-immune spleen cells from either BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice. The extent of the LAI response of spleen cells to MuLV particles correlated with the appearance of the MSV-induced tumor. The specificity of LAI was in part directed toward MuLV gp70, but not toward the major internal MuLV protein, p30. Normal macrophages could be selectively armed by tumor-specific cytophilic IgG antibody from serum of MSV-immune mice to undergo an adherence inhibition response in the presence of either viral or tumor cell membrane antigens. Removal of IgG from active culture supernatants failed to remove all adherence inhibition activity. These results are consistent with a mechanism for the LAI response in the MSV-tumor system that depends on both specific cytophilic antibody for macrophages and a conventional lymphokine elaborated by sensitized lymphocytes in the presence of antigen.
Review of CMOS Integrated Circuit Technologies for High-Speed Photo-Detection (2017)

The bandwidth requirement of wireline communications has increased exponentially because of the ever-increasing demand for data centers and high-performance computing systems. However, it becomes difficult to satisfy the requirement with legacy electrical links which suffer from frequency-dependent losses due to skin effects, dielectric losses, channel reflections, and crosstalk, resulting in a severe bandwidth limitation. In order to overcome this challenge, it is necessary to introduce optical communication technology, which has been mainly used for long-reach communications, such as long-haul networks and metropolitan area networks, to the medium- and short-reach communication systems. However, there still remain important issues to be resolved to facilitate the adoption of the optical technologies. The most critical challenges are the energy efficiency and the cost competitiveness as compared to the legacy copper-based electrical communications. One possible solution is silicon photonics which has long been investigated by a number of research groups. Despite inherent incompatibility of silicon with the photonic world, silicon photonics is promising and is the only solution that can leverage the mature complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technologies. Silicon photonics can be utilized in not only wireline communications but also countless sensor applications. This paper introduces a brief review of silicon photonics first and subsequently describes the history, overview, and categorization of the CMOS IC technology for high-speed photo-detection without enumerating the complex circuital expressions and terminologies.
Acoustic Emission Signal Processing (2001)

Acoustic Emission is a widely used structure health monitoring (SHM) method for monitoring large structures with high sensitivity. When an acoustic source is active (for example, during the expansion of a crack), it emits an elastic wave that reaches the sensors that are spread along the structure surface. The signals sampled by these sensors are processed and used to estimate the source position. In this work, we study acoustic emission techniques based on the time of arrival (TOA) of the signals received by the sensors and develop methods to improve the source position estimate. More specifically, we derive the probability distribution of the TOA measured by the fixed threshold method, a popular TOA estimation algorithm, as well as an expression for its bias and consequently a TOA debiasing method. Moreover, we derive a nearly-optimal TOA-based source position estimator. Algorithms for anisotropic structures are also investigated. In scenarios where multiple sources are active simultaneously, it is important to group signals (hits) from the same source to avoid using signals emitted by other sources in the localization algorithm. For this reason, we develop hit grouping techniques and compare them with existing methods. We also create a source localization algorithm that directly uses the signals received by the sensors instead of TOAs to estimate the source position. This method takes into account the wave propagation model and also the sparsity of the source signal in a known dictionary to improve the localization performance using sparse reconstruction methods. This work was partially supported by EMBRAER, which provided data of actual acoustic emission tests in complex structures.