gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An att site-based recombination reporter system for genome engineering and synthetic DNA assembly (2017)

The HK/ΦC31 att-bla system offers a simple way to directly select recombination events, thus enhancing the use of site-specific recombination systems for carrying out precise, large-scale DNA manipulation, and adding useful tools to the genetics toolbox. We further show the power and flexibility of bla to be used as a reporter for recombination.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiodivergent Synthesis of Both Enantiomers of Ibuprofen from (2S,3S)‐3‐Phenylglycidol. (1990)

Abstract The phenylglycidol (I), prepared from trans‐cinnamyl alcohol by Sharpless oxidation, is methylated with trimethylaluminum (II) or with a cuprate to give the diastereomeric 1,2‐diols (III) or (VII).
Atrophic Glossitis From Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> Deficiency: A Case Misdiagnosed as Burning Mouth Disorder (2006)

The results of this case have important clinical implications for the diagnostic evaluation and management of patients with glossodynia and apparent BMD. Pathogenic mechanisms of nutrient deficiency in atrophic glossitis are discussed.
Development of Barrier Discharges: Operation Modes and Structure Formation (2012)

Abstract A discharge cell configuration combining three high‐end diagnostic techniques (cross‐correlation spectroscopy, electro‐optic Pockels effect and laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy) has been developed. The joint application of these diagnostics enables the investigation of surface and bulk processes in barrier discharges in different arrangements. Surface charge density, N2(A) metastable state density, and optical radiation of plasma as three key parameters can be measured and correlated under identical and well‐defined experimental conditions. Systematic measurements of absolute surface charge densities and nitrogen metastable concentrations are presented for different operation modes. The operation mode is mainly controlled by the gas composition, the discharge cell geometry, and the properties of the applied voltage. In particular, in pure helium the unusual Townsend‐like discharge was investigated in detail. The described arrangements and the knowledge about reproducible control of discharge modes are an excellent base for the systematic investigation of the interaction between plasma and dielectric surface and its role on the formation, development, and structure of barrier discharges (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Endosonographic assessment of rectal cancer after neoadjuvant radiotherapy. (2012)

Endorectal Doppler sonographic findings are promising in the evaluation of tumour vascularization in patients with rectal cancer. The qualitative and quantitative digital assessment of the vascularization gives supplementary information about the patients' prognosis.
38 GHz push-push GaAs-HBT MMIC oscillator (2003)

Two differential coplanar MMIC HBT oscillators are presented, a fixed frequency and a VCO version. They provide single-ended output at the second harmonic at 38 GHz as well as differential output at 19 GHz. The oscillators show excellent phase noise performance, the fixed-frequency type reaches -95 dBc/Hz at the fundamental frequency and -89 dBc/Hz at the second harmonic, at 100 kHz offset.
Scaling Aspects of the Characteristic Time Combustion Model in the Simulation of Diesel Engines (1999)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Combustion simulations utilizing the characteristic time combustion model have been performed for four DI diesel engines ranging in size from heavy-duty to large-bore designs. It has been found that the pre-factor to the turbulent characteristic time acts as a scaling parameter between the engines.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This phenomenon is explained in terms of the non-equilibrium behavior of the turbulent time and length scales, as is encountered in the rapidly distorting, spray-induced flows of DI diesel engines. In fact, the equilibrium assumption between turbulence production and dissipation, which forms the basis for the employed k-<i>ε</i>-type turbulence models, does not hold in these situations. For such flows, the real turbulent dissipation time scale is locally proportional to the turbulent characteristic time scale which is determined by a typical eddy turnover time.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In order to explain the scaling phenomenon, it is shown that there is a global proportionality constant which relates the spatially-averaged dissipation scale to the eddy turnover time. This constant acts as the scaling factor and depends on the turbulence integral length scale which can be estimated from the engine and injection geometries.</div>
Accommodation mechanism of InN nanocolumns grown on Si(111) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (2007)

High quality InN nanocolumns have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy on bare and AlN-buffered Si(111) substrates. The accommodation mechanism of the InN nanocolumns to the substrate was studied by transmission electron microscopy. Samples grown on AlN-buffered Si(111) show abrupt interfaces between the nanocolumns and the buffer layer, where an array of periodically spaced misfit dislocations develops. Samples grown on bare Si(111) exhibit a thin SixNy at the InN nanocolumn/substrate interface because of Si nitridation. The SixNy thickness and roughness may affect the nanocolumn relative alignment to the substrate. In all cases, InN nanocolumns grow strain- and defect-free.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Route from Thiocarbamate to Isocyanate: 2,2,2‐Trinitroethyl Isocyanate. (1986)

Abstract Trinitromethan (I) reagiert mit Formaldehyd und Thiocarbaminat (II) zur Mannich‐Verbindung (III), die mit Phenylsulfenylchlorid (IV) oder Chlor über die Carb‐ ,n amlusaurecnlona‐otule (v) zu uem Isocyanat n1) gespalten wlru.
Ultra thin printed monopole based UWB antenna with extended 2.45 GHz ISM band operability (2013)

The past decade has witnessed a great deal of research activities in the development and optimization of UWB systems due to their favored properties which include: configuration simplicity, high data rate, and low power consumption. UWB technology can be utilized in a wide spectrum of applications such as: Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs), multimedia connectivity, medical imaging, etc. For most modern applications, the antenna is required to have an omni-directional and efficient radiation. Hence, printed monopole antennas are favored in UWB system implementation due to its compactness, low cost and simple fabrication process.
Evidence for Neuronal Origin and Metabotropic Receptor‐Mediated Regulation of Extracellular Glutamate and Aspartate in Rat Striatum In Vivo Following Electrical Stimulation of the Prefrontal Cortex (1998)

Extracellular levels of glutamate (Glu) and aspartate (Asp) were measured at 5-s intervals in the striatum of chloral hydrate-anesthetized rats by using microdialysis coupled to an automated assay system based on capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence. Application of a single 10-s train of depolarizing pulses to the prefrontal cortex caused a rapid increase in Glu and Asp concentrations (200-300% of basal value), which returned to basal level within 60 s. The stimulated rise in Glu and Asp concentrations was blocked completely by 2 microM tetrodotoxin or depletion of extracellular Ca2+, suggesting a neuronal origin of the Glu and Asp. Infusion of the Glu transport inhibitor L-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid (200 microM) increased resting Glu and Asp levels by 300-500% without altering electrically stimulated changes in Glu and Asp concentration. Stimulated Glu and Asp concentration changes were suppressed by 91 and 73%, respectively, by the metabotropic Glu receptor agonist (1S,3R)-1-aminocyclopentane-trans-1,3-dicarboxylate (200 microM). This effect was blocked by the metabotropic Glu receptor antagonist (RS)-alpha-methylcarboxyphenylglycine (MCPG; 200 microM). MCPG alone produced no effect on electrically stimulated changes in Glu and Asp levels; however, in the presence of L-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid, MCPG produced a five- to sixfold increase in stimulated overflow. Based on these results, it is concluded that release of Glu and Asp from corticostriatal neurons can be inhibited by activation of metabotropic Glu autoreceptors, which may be an important determinant of excitatory transmission at striatal synapses.
Molecular Markers for the Diagnosis and Management of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (2010)

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a heterogeneous group of lesions reflecting the proliferation of malignant cells within the ducts of the breast without invasion through the basement membrane. Numerous studies analyzing the molecular profiles of DCIS using genome-wide unbiased and candidate gene approaches have been conducted with the aim of identifying clinically useful markers that would predict the risk of progression to invasion. Results of these investigations defined the heterogeneity of DCIS at the molecular level, but a gene signature predictive of invasive progression has not been identified. Major diagnostic criteria that differentiate DCIS from invasive cancer are the presence of intact basement membrane and myoepithelial cell layer. Based on this, perturbation of normal myoepithelial cell differentiation has been proposed to explain progression to invasion. Comprehensive molecular studies analyzing large cohorts of DCIS with long-term clinical follow-up are necessary to resolve the many remaining questions.
Continuous-Time Digital Controller for High-Frequency DC-DC Converters (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper introduces a voltage mode digital controller for low-power high-frequency dc-dc switch-mode power supplies (SMPS) that has fast transient response, approaching physical limitations of a given power stage. In steady state, the controller operates as a conventional pulsewidth modulation regulator and during transients it utilizes a novel fast voltage recovery mechanism, based on real-time processing of the output voltage in digital domain. This continuous-time digital signal processing mechanism is implemented with a very simple processor consisting of a set of asynchronous comparators, delay cells, and combinatorial logic. To eliminate the need for current measurement and calculate the optimal switching sequence of the power stage transistors, the processor performs a capacitor charge balance algorithm, which is based on the detection of the output voltage peak/valley point. The effectiveness of the controller is demonstrated on an experimental 5 W, 5 V to 1.8 V, 400 kHz buck converter. The converter recovers from load transients through a single on-off action of the power switch, virtually reaching the shortest possible time, limited by the values of the power stage filter components only. </para>
Rearrangement of α-Aminoketones During Clemmensen Reduction. I. Bicyclic Compounds Containing a Bridge-head Nitrogen (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRearrangement of α-Aminoketones During Clemmensen Reduction. I. Bicyclic Compounds Containing a Bridge-head NitrogenNelson J. Leonard and William C. WildmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 9, 3089–3093Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01177a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01177a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views189Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Wave‐equation migration velocity analysis. II. Subsalt imaging examples (2004)

ABSTRACT Subsalt imaging is strongly dependent on the quality of the velocity model. However, rugose salt bodies complicate wavefield propagation and lead to subsalt multipathing, illumination gaps and shadow zones, which cannot be handled correctly by conventional traveltime‐based migration velocity analysis (MVA). We overcome these limitations by the wave‐equation MVA technique, introduced in a companion paper, and demonstrate the methodology on a realistic synthetic data set simulating a salt‐dome environment and a Gulf of Mexico data set. We model subsalt propagation using wave paths created by one‐way wavefield extrapolation. Those wave paths are much more accurate and robust than broadband rays, since they inherit the frequency dependence and multipathing of the underlying wavefield. We formulate an objective function for optimization in the image space by relating an image perturbation to a perturbation of the velocity model. The image perturbations are defined using linearized prestack residual migration, thus ensuring stability, relative to the first‐order Born approximation assumptions. Synthetic and real data examples demonstrate that wave‐equation MVA is an effective tool for subsalt velocity analysis, even when shadows and illumination gaps are present.
Volatile flavour constituents of feijoa (<i>Feijoa sellowiana</i>)—analysis of fruit flesh (1990)

Abstract The volatile flavour fraction from the flesh of ripe feijoa fruit ( Feijoa sellowiana Berg cv Mammoth) has been isolated by high vacuum steam distillation and subsequent liquid‐liquid extraction of the volatiles. Analysis by capillary GC and GC‐MS led to the identification of 15 constituents of which (Z)‐hex‐3‐enal and isopropyl benzoate are reported for the first time. Methyl benzoate constituted 82% of the volatile flavour extract.
Topological Stability and Self-Association of a Completely Hydrophobic Model Transmembrane Helix in Lipid Bilayers (2002)

Investigation of interactions between hydrophobic model peptides and lipid bilayers is perhaps the only way to elucidate the principles of the folding and stability of membrane proteins (White, S. H., and Wimley, W. C. (1998) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1367, 339-352). We designed the completely hydrophobic "inert" peptide modeling a transmembrane (TM) helix without any of the specific side-chain interactions expected, X-(LALAAAA)(3)-NH(2) [X = Ac (I), 7-nitro-2-1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl (II), or 5(6)-carboxytetramethylrhodamine (III)]. Fourier transform infrared-polarized attenuated total reflection measurements revealed that I as well as II assume a TM helix in hydrated 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine bilayers. Dithionite quenching experiments detected no topological change (flip-flop) in the helix II for at least 24 h. Thus, the TM helix itself is a highly stable structure, even in the absence of flanking hydrophilic or aromatic amino acids which are suggested to play important roles in stable TM positioning. Helix self-association in lipid bilayers was detected by fluorescence resonance energy transfer between II and III. The peptide was in a monomer-antiparallel dimer equilibrium with an association free energy of approximately -13 kJ/mol. Electron spin resonance spectra of 1-palmitoyl-2-stearoyl-(14-doxyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine demonstrated the presence of a motionally restricted component at lower temperatures.
Analysis of propagation in metamaterial-lined circular waveguides (2013)

This paper studies the propagation characteristics of circular waveguides whose interior surface is coated with a thin metamaterial liner possessing dispersive, negative, and near-zero permittivity. Treating the waveguide as inhomogeneously filled, a field analysis of this system produces the dispersion of complex modes, and reveals intriguing phenomena such as below-cutoff propagation and field collimation.
Un mode de conduite biologique et un niveau élevé d'herbe améliorent la qualité nutritionelle des acides gras de la viande chez l'agneau engraisse au pâturage (2012)

This study aimed at comparing the nutritional quality of meat fatty acids (FA) of pasture-fed lambs reared organically or conventionally and offered two levels of herbage availability. Forty eight castrated male lambs of Limousine breed were used in a 2 x 2 experimental design, i.e. production system (Organic –O- vs. Conventional –C-) x level of herbage availability (High vs. Low). The O and C pastures differed in the level of on-pasture mineral N fertilization (0 vs. 100 U. ha-1. year-1) since 10 years. The level of pasture availability was managed to obtain a mean lamb age at slaughter of 5 vs. 6 months in the High and the Low level respectively. GLC analysis of fatty acids from the Longissimus thoracis muscle showed that organic farming system improved the health value of lamb meat by decreasing the level of saturated FA and especially 16:0, thus leading to a higher value of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) to saturated FA ratio (+15%, P<0.03) and increasing the level of CLA (+18.2%, P< 0.002). The high level of herbage availability led to a better nutritional and health value of meat FA by increasing significantly deposition of n-6 PUFA (+16.3%), n-3 PUFA (+15%) and CLA (+20.2%) in LT muscle to the detriment of saturated FA (-3.4%). In conclusion, the present study confirmed the general interest of pasture-feeding on the nutritional quality of the lamb meat. It showed, for the first time, the beneficial impact of organic farming on the health value of lamb meat FA by favouring deposition of PUFA (compared to saturated FA) and CLA, this effect being reinforced by a high level of pasture availability.
Gene therapy for lung cancer: practice and promise. (2005)

Gene therapy has emerged as an exciting and promising strategy of cancer therapy. Improved molecular biology techniques and a greater understanding of the mechanisms involved in lung cancer pathogenesis allowed a variety of genes to be validated as molecular targets for gene therapy. A variety of gene therapy strategy have been explored in the pre-clinical research. These include replacement of defective tumor suppressor genes, inactivating oncogenes, introducing suicide genes, immunogenic therapy, and antiangiogenesis-based approach. Clinical trials of gene therapy for lung cancer showed the feasibility of delivering a variety of agent as well as highlighted problems with the delivery of therapeutic constructs. Although some may consider the initial results of these novel therapies to be disappointing, they underscore the complexity of these approaches and the likelihood that these approaches will be effective only when used in a coordinated fashion in the proper clinical context. This review provides an update on our current understanding of lung cancer biology and examines several important issues in cancer gene therapy. In addition, recent results of clinical trials of gene therapy for lung cancer are presented.
Degradation of cytokinins by maize cytokinin dehydrogenase is mediated by free radicals generated by enzymatic oxidation of natural benzoxazinones (2009)

Hydroxamic acid 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-one (DIMBOA) was isolated from maize phloem sap as a compound enhancing the degradation of isopentenyl adenine by maize cytokinin dehydrogenase (CKX), after oxidative conversion by either laccase or peroxidase. Laccase and peroxidase catalyze oxidative cleavage of DIMBOA to 4-nitrosoresorcinol-1-monomethyl ether (coniferron), which serves as a weak electron acceptor of CKX. The oxidation of DIMBOA and coniferron generates transitional free radicals that are used by CKX as effective electron acceptors. The function of free radicals in the CKX-catalyzed reaction was also verified with a stable free radical of 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid. Application of exogenous cytokinin to maize seedlings resulted in an enhanced benzoxazinoid content in maize phloem sap. The results indicate a new function for DIMBOA in the metabolism of the cytokinin group of plant hormones.
Macromolecular binding and metabolism of the carcinogen 1,2-dibromoethane. (1978)

Abstract Biochemical investigations relating to mechanisms of action, activation, and inactivation have been made on the carcinogen, 1,2-dibromoethane. Measurable amounts of radioactivity from [1,2- 14 C]-1,2-dibromoethane became bound to protein, RNA, and DNA of all major tissues of rats. For each of these classes of macromolecules, the largest amounts of bound radioactivity were in the liver and kidneys. Optimum conditions for the rat liver glutathione S -transferase that utilizes 1,2-dibromoethane as a substrate have been established. The pH optimum was 8.2, the K m for 1,2-dibromoethane was 25 mm, and the V max was 2.1 µmol/min/g liver. Considerable enzyme activity was found in rat kidney; detectable activity was present in lung, testis, spleen, and heart. Enzymatic activity leading to the irreversible binding of radioactivity from [ 14 C]-1,2-dibromoethane to proteins in the reaction system was present in rat liver microsomes. The activity was inducible by phenobarbital but not by benz[ a ]anthracene. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate was required for activity of both the noninduced and the induced reactions; MgCl 2 stimulated both reactions. Bromoacetaldehyde, a reactive compound probably involved in the irreversible binding, was identified as a metabolite formed in the reaction system. Radioactivity from [ 14 C]-1,2-dibromoethane also became bound to microsomal proteins by a nonenzymatic chemical reaction. The enzymatic reaction leading to binding to macromolecules and/or the chemical binding reaction may be involved in the biological activity of 1,2-dibromoethane.
Process synergy accented synfuels debate (1979)

According to D. Netzer and R. T. Ellington (Fluor Eng. Consult. Inc.), a combination of a slagging Lurgi with a Texaco gasifier would cost $765 million vs. $1072 million for a conventional 250 million Btu/day dry-bottom Lurgi unit, and would increase the gas production efficiency from 55 to 66%. The ''two-stage liquefaction'' variation of the Solvent Refined Coal (SRC I) process presented by J. C. Tao (Air Prod. Chem. Inc.) converts solid SRC from the SRC I process to clean gaseous, liquid, and solid fuels, metallurgical and anode coke, and liquid aromatic chemicals by subjecting it to LC-Fining hydrogenation in an expanded bed of catalyst at 750/sup 0/-850/sup 0/F. A market study by Booz Allen and Hamilton Inc. concluded that with government incentives, there could be about 3500 users of low-Btu SNG (LBG) vs. only 10-20 LBG users without federal incentives. K. Davis (Bechtel Power Corp.) argued for the use of proven coal liquefaction technology, i.e., Lurgi gasification and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, rather than any of the second-generation processes being studied.