gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of adhesion of CD4+ T lymphocytes to intact or heparinase-treated subendothelial extracellular matrix by diffusible or anchored RANTES and MIP-1 <i>beta</i> . (1994)

Chemokines, a superfamily of 8- to 11-kDa mediators of inflammation, affect the attachment of immune cells to vascular endothelia by binding to cell surface glycosaminoglycans. We analyzed whether chemokines are also involved in interactions between CD4+ T lymphocytes and the subendothelial extracellular matrix (ECM). Soluble mediators, such as MIP-1 beta and RANTES, induced the binding of resting human CD4+ T cells to ECM in an integrin-dependent manner. Both MIP-1 beta and RANTES bound to intact ECM and retained their adhesive properties, and moreover, ECM-bound RANTES and MIP-1 beta prolonged the time course of interactions between the CD4+ T cells and the ECM. Because the adhesive effect of these chemokines was restricted by an inhibitor of GTP-binding proteins, the adhesive effect of ECM-bound RANTES and MIP-1 beta, which requires an intact cytoskeleton, seems to involve activation of a G protein-linked receptor. MIP-1 beta and RANTES exert their pro-adhesive effects through interactions with glycosaminoglycans, because heparinase-treated ECM did not bound chemokines and because the chemokines ability to induce T cell adhesion was abrogated if: 1) either of the chemokines is pretreaed with heparin or heparan-sulfate (HS), 2) HS is removed from intact ECM by heparinase, an HS-specific endoglycosidase, or 3) the ECM-bound chemokines are released by pretreatment with heparinase. Hence, the adhesive effects of immobilized chemokines is not restricted to T cells interacting with endothelial cells, but also affects the migration of immune cells which reside and function in the context of ECM.
The Use of Synthetic Speech in Language Learning Tools (2010)

This Chapter aims to bring up a discussion on the use of Computer Synthesized Speech (CSS) in the development of Computer-Aided Speech and Language Therapy (CASLT) tools for the improvement of the communication skills in handicapped individuals. CSS is strongly required in these tools for two reasons: Providing alternative communication to users with different impairments and reinforcing the correct pronunciation of words and sentences. Different possibilities have arisen for this goal, including pre-recorded audio, embedded Text-to-Speech (TTS) devices or talking faces. These possibilities are reviewed and the implications of their use with handicapped individuals are commented, showing the experience of the authors in the development of tools for Spanish speech therapy. Finally, a preliminary study in the use of computer-based tools for the teaching of Spanish to young children showed how the synthetic speech feature in the language learning tool was sufficient to maintain the possibilities of the tool as a valuable language teaching element in the absence of other visual elements.
Enzymic Hydrolysis and Industrial Importance of Barley β‐Glucans and Wheat Flour Pentosans (1986)

Abstract Mixed linkage β‐glucane and pentosanes (mainly arabinoxylanes) are the major endosperm cell‐wall polysaccharides of barely and wheat respectively. These polysaccharides, although minor components of the whole grain, significantly affect the industrial utilization of these cereals. The modification of barley corns during malting requires the dissolution of the β‐glucane in the cell‐wall of the starch endosperm. High β‐glucane concentration in wort and beer effect the rate of filtration and can also lead to precipitate or gel formation in the final product. In a similar manner, pentosane is thought to cause filtration problems with wheat starch hydrolysates by increasing viscosity and by producing gelatinous precipitate which blocks filters. Ironically, it is this same viscosity building and water binding capacity which is considered to render pentosanes of considerable value in dough development and bread storage (anti‐staling functions). In the current paper, some aspects of the beneficial and detrimental effects of pentosanes and β‐glucane in the industrial utilization of wheat and barley are discussed. More specifically, enzymic methods for the preparation, analysis and identification of these polysaccharides and for the removal of their functional properties, are described in detail.
<b>Immunomodulatory effects of dietary fibre supplementation on lymphocyte populations, cytokine and immunoglobulin A production</b> (39.16) (2009)

Abstract Gastrointestinal microflora has been shown to have a bi-directional relationship with the host immune system. A variety of fermentable carbohydrate polymers largely pass through the small intestine, providing fermentable substrates for gut microflora. Dietary fibre supplementation may provide a strategy for manipulating the intestinal bacterial profile, changing the interaction with the mucosal immune system, thereby modulating the host immune system. Over a six week trial, 30 weanling BioBreeding rats were fed either control diet alone or supplemented with oat bran or wheat bran fibre. We have shown that wheat bran fibre increases mesenteric lymph node (MLN) B lymphocyte numbers, and decreases systemic IL4 production, MLN T lymphocytes, and intestinal IgA, concurrent with increased colonic bacterial population diversity. We also observed no evidence of pro-inflammatory responses resulting from dietary fibre supplementation. This lends support to the hypothesis that dietary fibre may modulate the host immune system through modification of the gut microflora profile. The research is funded by the Advanced Foods and Materials Network
Image Preprocessing for Camera Phone Based Text Recognition (2008)

With the increase of digital camera resolution and the advance of digital image processing technologies, various applications for camera phones are introduced newly. One of them is to recognize texts from a still image taken by camera phones or a preview raw image which is not compressed. These images are usually distorted by a variety of factors such as light and non-flat surface. Since the distortions make the text recognition difficult, an image preprocessing step is needed to reduce the distortion. This paper proposes an image preprocessing method for correcting the skewed texts appearing on the preview image from image sensor of camera phones by using simple user interaction. The proposed method is implemented on a commercially available camera phones. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of our method.
Histological Changes in Kidney and Liver of Rats Due to Gold (III) Compound [Au(en)Cl2]Cl (2012)

Gold (III) compound [Au(en)Cl(2)]Cl causes minimal histological changes in kidney and liver of rats, reflecting its relative safety as compared to other clinically established antineoplastic drugs.
Immune-Activating Properties of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Improve the Outcome in a Model of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia (2012)

The Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is a cytotoxin expressed by many methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains that cause community-acquired infections (CA-MRSA). Its role in virulence however, is controversial, with clinical data suggesting that PVL-producing strains may cause less severe disease in humans. PVL is capable of lysing human white blood cells, but at sublytic amounts, PVL can activate protective host immunity in the absence of cell damage. The concentration-dependent reactions it elicits from host cells could be the reason for seemingly contradictory results about PVL's role in virulence. We hypothesized that a key to understanding PVL's action on host cells and, possibly, outcomes from infection is the amount of toxin present, a hypothesis previously supported in studies using a low-inoculum skin infection model, where low levels of PVL augmented innate immune resistance to infection. Here, we present additional data supporting this hypothesis using a mouse model of MRSA pneumonia, wherein we found increased virulence of isogenic Δpvl strains and further confirmed PVL's capacity to activate proinflammatory responses from mouse and human neutrophils and pulmonary cells. Activation was measured as the production of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-8 (IL-8) and KC (from human and mouse cells, respectively), as well as the release of antibacterial factors. Conversely, PVL lowered the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) produced in active pulmonary infection, while low doses induced apoptosis, suggesting that PVL also has the capacity to regulate inflammation. Our data indicate that, independent of its cytotoxic effects, PVL also plays an important and positive immunomodulatory role during MRSA infections.
Vibration-minimizing motion retargeting for robotic characters (2019)

Creating animations for robotic characters is very challenging due to the constraints imposed by their physical nature. In particular, the combination of fast motions and unavoidable structural deformations leads to mechanical oscillations that negatively affect their performances. Our goal is to automatically transfer motions created using traditional animation software to robotic characters while avoiding such artifacts. To this end, we develop an optimization-based, dynamics-aware motion retargeting system that adjusts an input motion such that visually salient low-frequency, large amplitude vibrations are suppressed. The technical core of our animation system consists of a differentiable dynamics simulator that provides constraint-based two-way coupling between rigid and flexible components. We demonstrate the efficacy of our method through experiments performed on a total of five robotic characters including a child-sized animatronic figure that features highly dynamic drumming and boxing motions.
Effect of Plasma Treatment on Stress Reduction Induced by Shallow Trench Isolation Filled with Spin-on-Glass Dielectric (2011)

We used Raman spectroscopy to evaluate the stress induced by shallow trench isolation (STI) filled with spin-on-glass (SOG) dielectric material. We investigated the novel processes, such as the nitrogen into the liner oxide, and the plasma treatment before and/or after cure annealing to suppress the strain introduced by the STI with SOG. We clarified that a nitrogen incorporated liner oxide suppressed the stress in the active area caused by the SOG film shrinkage, and the plasma treatments were also effective at suppressing the stress induction in the active area.
Study of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>e</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>e</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mo stretchy="false">→</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>π</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mi>X</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mn>3872</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo><mml:mi>γ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> and search for <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Z</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>c</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mn>4020</mml:mn><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mo stretchy="false">→</mml:mo><mml:mi>X</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mn>3872</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo><mml:mi>γ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2021)

Using data samples collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring at center-of-mass energies from 4.178 to 4.600 GeV, we study the process ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}X(3872)\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and search for ${Z}_{c}(4020{)}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}X(3872)\ensuremath{\gamma}$. We find no significant signal and set upper limits on $\ensuremath{\sigma}({e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}X(3872)\ensuremath{\gamma})\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\mathcal{B}(X(3872)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}J/\ensuremath{\psi})$ and $\ensuremath{\sigma}({e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{Z}_{c}(4020{)}^{0})\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\mathcal{B}({Z}_{c}(4020{)}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}X(3872)\ensuremath{\gamma})\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\mathcal{B}(X(3872)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}J/\ensuremath{\psi})$ for each energy point at 90% confidence level, which is of the order of several tenths pb.
Characterisation of the Groningen subsurface for seismic hazard and risk modelling (2017)

Abstract The shallow subsurface of Groningen, the Netherlands, is heterogeneous due to its formation in a Holocene tidal coastal setting on a periglacially and glacially inherited landscape with strong lateral variation in subsurface architecture. Soft sediments with low, small-strain shear wave velocities ( V S30 around 200 m s −1 ) are known to amplify earthquake motions. Knowledge of the architecture and properties of the subsurface and the combined effect on the propagation of earthquake waves is imperative for the prediction of geohazards of ground shaking and liquefaction at the surface. In order to provide information for the seismic hazard and risk analysis, two geological models were constructed. The first is the ‘Geological model for Site response in Groningen’ (GSG model) and is based on the detailed 3D GeoTOP voxel model containing lithostratigraphy and lithoclass attributes. The GeoTOP model was combined with information from boreholes, cone penetration tests, regional digital geological and geohydrological models to cover the full range from the surface down to the base of the North Sea Supergroup (base Paleogene) at ~800 m depth. The GSG model consists of a microzonation based on geology and a stack of soil stratigraphy for each of the 140,000 grid cells (100 m × 100 m) to which properties ( V S and parameters relevant for nonlinear soil behaviour) were assigned. The GSG model serves as input to the site response calculations that feed into the Ground Motion Model. The second model is the ‘Geological model for Liquefaction sensitivity in Groningen’ (GLG). Generally, loosely packed sands might be susceptible to liquefaction upon earthquake shaking. In order to delineate zones of loosely packed sand in the first 40 m below the surface, GeoTOP was combined with relative densities inferred from a large cone penetration test database. The marine Naaldwijk and Eem Formations have the highest proportion of loosely packed sand (31% and 38%, respectively) and thus are considered to be the most vulnerable to liquefaction; other units contain 5–17% loosely packed sand. The GLG model serves as one of the inputs for further research on the liquefaction potential in Groningen, such as the development of region-specific magnitude scaling factors (MSF) and depth–stress reduction relationships ( r d ).
Observation of Two New<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>b</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow></mml:math>Baryon Resonances (2015)

Two structures are observed close to the kinematic threshold in the Ξ(b)(0)π(-) mass spectrum in a sample of proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb(-1), recorded by the LHCb experiment. In the quark model, two baryonic resonances with quark content bds are expected in this mass region: the spin-parity J(P)=(1/2)(+) and J(P)=(3/2)(+) states, denoted Ξ(b)('-) and Ξ(b)(*-). Interpreting the structures as these resonances, we measure the mass differences and the width of the heavier state to be m(Ξ(b)('-))-m(Ξ(b)(0))-m(π(-))=3.653±0.018±0.006 MeV/c(2), m(Ξ(b)(*-))-m(Ξ(b)(0))-m(π(-))=23.96±0.12±0.06 MeV/c(2), Γ(Ξ(b)(*-))=1.65±0.31±0.10 MeV, where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The width of the lighter state is consistent with zero, and we place an upper limit of Γ(Ξ(b)('-))<0.08 MeV at 95% confidence level. Relative production rates of these states are also reported.
Identification and Characterization of Presenilin-independent Notch Signaling (2002)

Presenilin (PS) proteins control the proteolytic cleavage that precedes nuclear access of the Notch intracellular domain. Here we observe that a partial activation of the HES1 promoter can be detected in PS1/PS2 (PS1/2) double null cells using Notch1 Delta E constructs or following Delta 1 stimulation, despite an apparent abolition of the production and nuclear accumulation of the Notch intracellular domain. PS1/2-independent Notch activation is sensitive to Numblike, a physiological inhibitor of Notch. PS1/2-independent Notch signaling is also inhibited by an active gamma-secretase inhibitor in the low micromolar range and is not inhibited by an inactive analogue, similar to PS-dependent Notch signaling. However, experiments using a Notch1-Gal4-VP16 fusion protein indicate that the PS1/2-independent activity does not release Gal4-VP16 and is therefore unlikely to proceed via an intramembranous cleavage. These data reveal that a novel PS1/2-independent mechanism plays a partial role in Notch signal transduction.
The Potential Distribution at the Semiconductor/Solution Interface (1998)

In semiconductor electrochemistry there is considerable confusion concerning the potential distribution at the semiconductor/solution interface under weak depletion and accumulation conditions. The applied potential is partitioned between the space charge layer in the semiconductor and the Helmholtz layer on the solution side of the interface. Under deep depletion conditions, a change in the applied potential usually appears across the space charge layer and the band bending can be determined using the Mott−Schottky relation. Under conditions of weak depletion or accumulation, however, the applied potential is partitioned between the two double layers and determination of band bending is not straightforward. In this paper, expressions for the dependence of the band bending on the applied potential are derived and the consequences for charge-transfer processes are discussed.
Catálogo de publicaciones periódicas de la provincia de Palencia (1898-1936) (1991)

espanolEl presente articulo ofrece una vision panoramica del mundo periodistico palentino durante el primer tercio del siglo XX. Basandonos principalmente en documentacion hacendisitca (Libros de Contribucion Industrial) hemos perfilado un catalogo en el que incluimos aquellos datos basicos que configuran la identidad de cada publicacion: titulo, datacion cronologica, lugar de edicion, periodicidad, propietario y naturaleza. Dado su caracter eminentemente descriptivo, el valor de este trabajo es, pues, ante todo, instrumental. EnglishThis paper shows an overall view of the journalistic world in Palencia during the first third of the 20th century. We have mainly based our study on financial documents (books of industrial Taxes) in order to make up a catalogue in which the basic data that show the identity of each publication are included: title, cronological datas, place of publication, periodicity, ownership and its nature. Since this is a descriptive study, its value is primarily instrumental.
Circuit Design of Moving Object Recognition System (2020)

The traditional moving object recognition and tracking systems are usually based on software environment of PC, so the performance of processing speed, real-time and the size have limitations. In view of this, the circuit design based on Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA) is proposed, which improves the performance of processing speed and real-time and miniaturization. Aiming at the recognition, tracking and feature point extraction of moving object, 300,000 pixel camera is used for image acquisition, and hardware circuit is used for image processing, including real-time image caching, gray-scale processing, improved bit plane median filtering, segmentation of self-adaptive threshold binarizing, fusing of frame difference and background difference methods for moving object detecting, tracking and feature point extracting. Finally, the recognition results are displayed by HDMI interface displayer. The design takes full advantage of the high-speed and parallel processing ability of FPGA, and combines the high-speed on-chip RAM with the large capacity off-chip SDRAM to realize the processing and storage of video data. After written by Verilog HDL and verified by Modelsim, the physical circuit is implemented in FPGA. This system has the characteristics of strong anti-interference, compact, flexibility, high speed, low power consumption, versatility and scalability, which is suitable for both industrial field and home use.
Photoconductive detection of millimeter waves using proton implanted GaAs (1999)

We show that ion-damaged GaAs may be used to detect millimeter electromagnetic waves in photoconductive sampling gates. The semi-insulating GaAs material which was implanted with a dose of 1014 cm−2 protons at an energy of 200 keV gave a signal to noise improvement of about 11.4 dB when compared with as-grown semi-insulating GaAs. The improvement is in spite of a reduced carrier mobility in the ion-implanted material and is due to the shorter carrier lifetime and formation of ohmic contacts with the ion-damaged semi-insulating GaAs.
Abutment region dosimetry for the monoisocentric three-beam split field technique in the head and neck region using asymmetrical collimators (2002)

Creating non-divergent field edges using asymmetric collimators and a single isocentre can improve matchline dosimetry owing to decreased reliance on operator skills and avoidance of couch movement. However, asymmetic jaws have an associated tolerance that can cause abutment to be misaligned. The matching area dose for monoisocentric three-beam split fields commonly used in head and neck cancer treatments using mismatched and matched collimators is the subject of this work. X-ray verification film was exposed in a solid-water phantom, and the dose at the matching area was evaluated using mismatched and matched collimators. In the case of mismatched (consistently overlapped) collimators, digital displays of an asymmetric collimator position within the tolerance indicated in the manufacturer's specifications were investigated for the three-beam split field technique. The effect of this technique on the junctional dose was also determined using matched collimators. Although the collimators showed a consistent overlap, a perfect dose distribution could be obtained at the matching area. The three-beam split field technique yielded an 8% overdose at the matchline using matched collimators. In conclusion, an awareness of the effects of the abutting technique and digital display tolerance is necessary to achieve good junction uniformity using asymmetric collimators.
General Seismic Load Distribution for Optimum Performance-Based Design of Shear-Buildings (2012)

An optimization method based on uniform damage distribution is used to find optimum design load distribution for seismic design of regular and irregular shear-buildings to achieve minimum structural damage. By using 75 synthetic spectrum-compatible earthquakes, optimum design load distributions are obtained for different performance targets, dynamic characteristics, and site soil classifications. For the same structural weight, optimum designed buildings experience up to 40% less global damage compared to code-based designed buildings. A new general load distribution equation is presented for optimum performance-based seismic design of structures which leads to a more efficient use of structural materials and better seismic performance.