gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Salinity on the Extensibility and Ca Availability in the Expanding Region of Growing Barley Leaves (1988)

Abstract The growth of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) leaves is reduced by salinity. We used the Instron extensometric technique to measure the reversible and irreversible compliance of the expanding regions of growing barley leaves from plants exposed to 1, 40, 80 and 120 mM NaCl in nutrient solution. Two barley cultivars differing in salinity resistance (cv ‘Arivat’ and cv ‘Briggs’) were compared over 5d of leaf growth. During the period of most active leaf expansion, salinity reduced reversible compliance and increased compliance in the leaf segments, although responses to salinity were complex and changed over the course of leaf expansion. Salinity increased irreversible compliance more in the salt‐sensitive cultivar Arivat than in the more salt‐tolerant cultivar Briggs. Elemental analysis of the basal leaf segments used for extensometry revealed an accumulation of Na and a depletion of Ca in segments from salinized plants, resulting in very high Na: Ca ratios in salinized expanding tissue. The concentrations of K and Mg in basal leaf tissue were elevated by salinity. Our data do support the hypothesis that the inhibition of leaf expansion by salinity stress is mediated by a decline in irreversible extensibility. We suggest that reduced Ca availability in expanding leaf tissue may contribute to growth reduction in salt‐stressed barley seedlings.
Efficient dynamics for a PUMA-600 (1986)

Evaluation of the effects of dynamics on real-time closed loop robotic manipulator joint control requires accurate, computationally efficient dynamics algorithms. Through a study of open loop joint torques the dominant and negligible torque components for each link of a PUMA-600 have been identified so that prudent model reduction could be accomplished. An acceleration related matrix model which requires only 94 multiplications and 59 additions while achieving accuracy to within ten percent of the complete model has been developed and justified. Reduction of the Newton-Euler PUMA- 600 dynamics to 304 multiplications and 212 additions has also been achieved without any loss of accuracy. The developed algorithms support our real-time study of the effects of dynamics on robot control.
Model Compounds for Iron Proteins. Structures and Magnetic, Spectroscopic, and Redox Properties of Fe<sup>III</sup>M<sup>II</sup> and [Co<sup>III</sup>Fe<sup>III</sup>]<sub>2</sub>O Complexes with (μ-Carboxylato)bis(μ-phenoxo)dimetalate and (μ-Oxo)diiron(III) Cores (1996)

A series of heterobimetallic complexes of the type [Fe(III)M(II)L(&mgr;-OAc)(OAc)(H(2)O)](ClO(4)).nH(2)O (2-5) and [{Fe(III)Co(III)L(&mgr;-OAc)(OAc)}(2)(&mgr;-O)](ClO(4))(2).3H(2)O (6) where H(2)L is a tetraaminodiphenol macrocyclic ligand and M(II) = Zn(2), Ni(3), Co(4), and Mn(5) have been synthesized and characterized. The (1)H NMR spectrum of 6 exhibits all the resonances between 1 and 12 ppm. The IR and UV-vis spectra of 2-5 indicate that in all the cases the metal ions have similar coordination environments. A disordered crystal structure determined for 3 reveals the presence of a (&mgr;-acetate)bis(&mgr;-phenoxide)-Ni(II)Fe(III) core, in which the two metal ions have 6-fold coordination geometry and each have two amino nitrogens and two phenolate oxygens as the in-plane donors; aside from the axial bridging acetate, the sixth coordination site of nickel(II) is occupied by the unidentate acetate and that of iron(III) by a water molecule. The crystal structure determination of 6 shows that the two heterobinuclear Co(III)Fe(III) units are bound by an Fe-O-Fe linkage. 6 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Ibca with a = 17.577(4) Å, b = 27.282(7) Å, c = 28.647(6) Å, and Z = 8. The two iron(III) centers in 6 are strongly antiferromagnetically coupled, J = -100 cm(-1) (H = -2JS(1).S(2)), whereas the other two S(1) = S(2) = (5)/(2) systems, viz. [Fe(2)(III)(HL)(2)(&mgr;-OH)(2)](ClO(4))(2) (1) and the Fe(III)Mn(II) complex (5), exhibit weak antiferromagnetic exchange coupling with J = -4.5 cm(-1) (1) and -1.8 cm(-1) (5). The Fe(III)Ni(II) (3) and Fe(III)Co(II) (4) systems, however, exhibit weak ferromagnetic behavior with J = 1.7 cm(-1) (3) and 4.2 cm(-1) (4). The iron(III) center in 2-5 exhibits quasi-reversible redox behavior between -0.44 and -0.48 V vs Ag/AgCl associated with reduction to iron(II). The oxidation of cobalt(II) in 4 occurs quasi-reversibly at 0.74 V, while both nickel(II) and manganese(II) in 3 and 5 undergo irreversible oxidation at 0.85 V. The electrochemical reduction of 6 leads to the generation of 4.
Hockeypuck‐Micellen aus Oligo(<i>p‐</i>benzamid)‐<i>b</i>‐PEG‐Stab‐Knäuel‐Blockcopolymeren (2006)

Hier zeigt sich der harte Kern: „Klebrige“ Stab-Knäuel-Copolymere auf Oligo(p-benzamid)-Basis bilden Doppelschicht-Hockeypuck-Micellen in unpolaren Lösungsmitteln. Rasterkraftmikroskopie (RKM) ermöglicht einen näheren Blick auf den anisotropen Micellkern. Das Bild zeigt links ein Modell der Micelle (innen: Aramidkern, außen: Polyethylenglycolschale) und rechts eine RKM-Aufnahme. Hintergrundinformationen zu diesem Beitrag sind im WWW unter http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2006/z503514_s.pdf zu finden oder können beim Autor angefordert werden. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Clinical pharmacology of platelet cyclooxygenase inhibition. (1985)

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and sulfinpyrazone compete dose-dependently with arachidonate for binding to platelet cyclooxygenase. Such a process closely follows systemic plasma drug concentrations and is reversible as a function of drug elimination. Peak inhibition and extent of its reversibility at 24 hr varies consistently with individual pharmacokinetic profile. Inhibition of platelet cyclooxygenase activity by these agents is associated with variable effects on prostaglandin (PG) synthesis in the gastric mucosa and the kidney. Aspirin acetylates platelet cyclooxygenase and permanently inhibits thromboxane (TX) A2 production in a dose-dependent fashion when single doses of 0.1 to 2.0 mg/kg are given. Acetylation of the enzyme by low-dose aspirin is cumulative on repeated dosing. The fractional dose of aspirin necessary to achieve a given level of acetylation by virtue of cumulative effects approximately equals the fractional daily platelet turnover. Serum TXB2 measurements obtained during long-term dosing with 0.11, 0.22, and 0.44 mg/kg aspirin in four healthy subjects could be fitted by a theoretical model assuming identical acetylation of platelet (irreversible) and megakaryocyte (reversible) cyclooxygenase. For a given dose within this range, both the rate at which cumulative acetylation occurs and its maximal extent largely depend upon the rate of platelet turnover. Continuous administration of low-dose aspirin (20 to 40 mg/day) has no statistically significant effect on urinary excretion of either 6-keto-PGF1 alpha or 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha, i.e., indexes of renal and extrarenal PGI2 biosynthesis in vivo. Whether a selective sparing of extraplatelet cyclooxygenase activity by low-dose aspirin will result in increased antithrombotic efficacy, fewer toxic reactions, or both remains to be established in prospective clinical trials.
Unpreserved Carboxymethylcellulose Artificial Tears Evaluated in Patients with Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (1992)

In order to evaluate the therapeutic value of an unpreserved carboxymethylcellulose-based artificial tear in treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), 56 patients with severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca were enrolled, at a single study center, in a randomized, double-masked, 8-week comparison with a preserved hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HMC)-based artificial tear. Patients treated with the carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)-based tear showed significant improvement in fluorescein staining, symptoms, and impression cytology grades. Patients treated with HMC-based tears showed minimal improvement in a few variables. Impression cytology specimens were analyzed by a modified technique that maps the distribution of the various grades present on the specimen. With this technique, improvement in the cytology grades was noted in the group of patients using CMC-based tears. The improvement correlated with observed decreases in symptoms of discomfort and with scores for superficial punctate staining. This study supports the observed therapeutic value of unpreserved CMC-based artificial tears and suggests the possible reversal of squamous metaplasia in patients with KCS. Further studies are required to separate the benefit of the CMC formulation from the benefits of preservative elimination.
Effect of Homogenization on the Microtexture of Drawn OFHC Copper (2005)

homogenizing the wire for a sufficient period of time (t 5hrs) inhibited considerably overgrowth of the <111> at the expense of the <100>, resulting in a homogeneous and thermally stable microstructure. This property is very desirable especially for conductor wires which are subjected to higher operating temperature.
THE STUDY OF THE POSSIBILITY OF LIGHTNING TRIGGERING BY MEANS OF A LASER (1994)

To study the possibility of triggering techniques of lightning discharges with a laser plasma, several experiments were carried out with a C0 2 pulse laser and a switching voltage generator. The following results were obtained.
Uneven Cathode Wear in Aluminium Reduction Cells (2016)

The service life of aluminium reduction cells is limited by cathode wear. A typical wear pattern has been reported as a single or double “W” profile. The uneven cathode wear appears to be controlled by multiple mechanisms such as non-uniform current distribution and carbide dissolution. According to our analyses, formation of aluminium carbide that dissolves into a bath film located on the cathode surface is the dominating mechanism. A dynamic model was developed in order to calculate the local carbide formation as well as cathode wear rate. The present model utilizes a simplified geometry where the metal flow, which is driven by the Lorentz force, results in shear stress and motion of the bath film. The simulations demonstrate how the local current distribution and the mass transfer of aluminium carbide from the cathode surface and into the bath film result in uneven cathode wear profiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Valent Rhenium‐Oxo Complexes. Part 9. Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of a Formally Rhenium(I) Terminal Oxo Complex, NaRe(O)(RCCR)2. (1990)

Abstract Whereas the reduction of (I) with 1 equiv. reducing agent gives the dimer Re2O2(R‐C≡C‐R)4, the use of 2 equiv. yields the compounds (II), rare examples of terminal oxo complexes in which metal‐oxygen antibonding orbitals are populated.
Recent advances in computational analysis of mass spectrometry for proteomic profiling (2011)

The proteome, defined as an organism's proteins and their actions, is a highly complex end-effector of molecular and cellular events. Differing amounts of proteins in a sample can be indicators of an individual's health status; thus, it is valuable to identify key proteins that serve as 'biomarkers' for diseases. Since the proteome cannot be simply inferred from the genome due to pre- and posttranslational modifications, a direct approach toward mapping the proteome must be taken. The difficulty in evaluating a large number of individual proteins has been eased with the development of high-throughput methods based on mass spectrometry (MS) of peptide or protein mixtures, bypassing the time-consuming, laborious process of protein purification. However, proteomic profiling by MS requires extensive computational analysis. This article describes key issues and recent advances in computational analysis of mass spectra for biomarker identification.
An Inexpensive Cryoprobe for Tumor Cryosurgery (1972)

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Low-energy heavy-ion irradiations of copper and molybdenum at low temperatures (1991)

Abstract A specially designed and characterized oil-free cryogenic UHV experimental system has been used to irradiate pre-thinned orientated copper and molybdenum single crystals at 4.2 and 78 K with very high doses (5 x 1012 to 5 x 1015 ions cm-2) of low-energy (0.2-20 keV) self-ions and xenon ions. Populations of dislocation loops were produced, after subsequent warm-up to room temperature, within a few hundred ångströms of the irradiated surface. The loop depth distributions were measured using stereo transmission electron microscope (TEM) techniques and correlated with possible displacement damage production and retention mechanisms, including replacement collision sequences (RCSS), incident ion channelling and near-surface loop losses. In copper, both near-surface vacancy-loop populations at depths up to about 100Å and deeper interstitial loops up to about 400Å in depth could be produced. In molybdenum only interstitial loops were visible, at depths up to about 250Å. The depth distributions depended critically on the incident ion mass, ion energy and the specimen surface orientation used. In all the copper and molybdenum irradiations at doses greater than 1013 ions cm-2 only a very small fraction (not more than 2%) of the point defects theoretically created during the irradiations at 4.2 K were retained in visible loops after warm-up to room temperature. The results are consistent with displacement cascades, initiated by incident ions, injecting some interstitials along RCSS directed away from the irradiated surface, which may subsequently aggregate into interstitial loops. It is concluded that the loop depth distributions are determined more by the fraction of incident ions channelled at the irradiated surface than on RCS orientation effects relative to the surface. The low point defect retention efficiency in the present study is consistent with RCS ranges of only a few tens of ångströms at most. However, the lattice is highly damaged during the irradiation, possibly leading to enhanced RCS defocusing. Irradiation at 78K provides results consistent with interstitial mobility at this temperature.
Topology and order of formation of interchain disulfide bonds in von Willebrand factor (1987)

Interchain disulfide bonds between the subunits in von Willebrand factor (vWf) dimers and in vWf multimers have been studied using some unique features of the cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. Ammonium chloride inhibition of multimerization of vWf allowed selective examination of vWf dimeric molecules, and monoclonal antibody against the vWf propolypeptide was used to separate pro-vWf dimers from mature dimers. After cleavage of dimers and multimers with Staphylococcus aureus V-8 protease, the location of interchain disulfide bonds in amino (N)-terminal or carboxyl (C)-terminal fragments was determined by gel electrophoresis under reduced and nonreduced conditions. The first interchain disulfide bonds formed during dimerization are in the C-terminal region of the subunits, whereas interdimer disulfide bonds are located in the N-terminal portion. These data confirm recent electron microscopic projections of disulfide bond locations and provide support to the hypothetical role of the propolypeptide in the multimerization process.
Low insertion-loss and high isolation polymeric Y-branching thermo-optic switch with partitioned heater (2002)

A thermo-optic switch with low insertion-loss and high isolation was realized using a polymeric Y-branching waveguide. The partitioned heater greatly improves the isolation. Over 40dB isolation was achieved with the low insertion loss of 1.8dB.
The extended finite element method for fracture in composite materials (2008)

Abstract Methods for treating fracture in composite material by the extended finite element method with meshes that are independent of matrix/fiber interfaces and crack morphology are described. All discontinuities and near‐tip enrichments are modeled using the framework of local partition of unity. Level sets are used to describe the geometry of the interfaces and cracks so that no explicit representation of either the cracks or the material interfaces are needed. Both full 12 function enrichments and approximate enrichments for bimaterial crack tips are employed. A technique to correct the approximation in blending elements is used to improve the accuracy. Several numerical results for both two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional examples illustrate the versatility of the technique. The results clearly demonstrate that interface enrichment is sufficient to model the correct mechanics of an interface crack. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adsorptive Resource Recovery from Human Urine: System Design, Parametric Considerations and Response Surface Optimization (2016)

Despite its high concentration, potential availability and hence, potential reusability of nutrients, human urine continues to be flushed away in our toilets. The poor management of nutrients in our built environment in lieu of the representative failures in our systems to safely handle, treat and assimilate these 'waste' resources has resulted in considerable environmental externalities. Adsorption systems that utilize agro–waste sourced carbon as an adsorption media have shown promise in recovering plant–required nutrients from urine. This study details the applicability of two continuously operated columns for stripping urea from urine for subsequent use as fertilizers. The first column was packed with prepared carbon at various bed heights (10–50 cm) and the second column had carbon immobilized over etched glass beads of various support sizes (1.5–2.5 cm). By using a Box–Behnken design and Response Surface Methodology (RSM), the system was optimized with the objective of maximizing column capacities. For the packed bed, maximum sorption of 0.116 g.g–1 occurs at inlet flow rate of 6 L.h–1, concentration of 100% and carbon bed depth of 30 cm; in the immobilized bed, the optimal parameters were identified as flow rate of 10 L.h–1, 100% initial urea concentration and support size of 1.5 cm to yield capacity of 0.328 g.g–1. Immobilization as a pre–treatment in column design was significantly advantageous in recovering higher amount of urea at lesser activated carbon input relative to the packed bed. RSM was found to be an effective tool for selecting the process parametric inputs, in describing their effects on the operation of the column and in maximizing the urea recovery.
[Treatment of pain with peridural administration of opioids]. (1996)

The advantages and disadvantages associated with epidural opioids require careful selection of the opioid and its dosage. There is presently no ideal opioid available for epidural use. Comparative pharmacokinetic data help to select the appropriate epidural opioid. Morphine (provided it is given in small doses and volumes) is very appropriate for epidural pain treatment, especially for longer periods of treatment, due to excellent analgesia and very low systemic morphine concentrations. The faster onset of analgesia with epidural pethidine, alfentanil und fentanyl make these opioids recommendable. However, due to the increased risk of respiratory depression during continuous treatment, these drugs should not be given over extended periods. Epidural administration of methadone, sufentanil und buprenorphine cannot be recommended since the advantages over systemic use do not outweigh the risks. Epidural tramadol may be useful in clinical routine, if opioids are not available and supervision of the patient is not guaranteed, because tramadol is not restricted by law and has a low potential for central depressive effects. The safety of the patients should be paramount. If patients are harmed by inappropriate opioids or dose regimens this will discredit a valuable for treating postoperative pain. Postoperative epidural dosages should be as low as possible and be titrated to the patient's individual needs for analgesia. Epidural morphine treatment is an alternative to step 4 of the WHO treatment regimen for patients with intractable pain or those suffering from systemic opioid side effects. Careful selection of patients helps to increase successful treatment. If implantable devices (ports or pumps, according to the life expectancy) are employed, the intrathecal route of administration is preferable to the epidural route, as the latter has a 10 times higher morphine dose requirement.
Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: a pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants (2018)

Change in mean blood pressure is the main driver of the worldwide change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure, but change in the high-blood-pressure tail of the distribution has also contributed to the change in prevalence, especially in older age groups.
Conversion of 5-S-Ethyl-5-thio-D-ribose to Ethionine in Klebsiella pneumoniae (1989)

5-S-Ethyl-5-thio-D-ribose (ethylthioribose) exhibits antiprotozoal activity against Plasmodium falciparum, Giardia lamblia, and Ochromonas malhamensis, but is nontoxic to cultured human and murine bone marrow cells (Riscoe, M. K., Ferro, A. J., and Fitchen, J. H. (1988) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 32, 1904-1906). We propose the following mechanism to account for the observed selective toxicity of ethylthioribose. 1) The cytocidal action of ethylthioribose against protozoa is a result of its conversion to ethionine, a well-known cytotoxic agent. 2) This transformation occurs through the pathway which normally converts 5-S-methyl-5-thio-D-ribose (methylthioribose) to methionine. 3) Conversion of ethylthioribose to ethionine cannot occur in mammalian cells since these cells cannot phosphorylate methylthioribose (ethylthioribose), a first step in the pathway to methionine (ethionine). To test this hypothesis, [5-3H]ethylthioribose has been synthesized and its metabolism by cell-free extracts of Klebsiella pneumoniae and rat liver was examined. The pathway by which methylthioribose is converted to methionine in K. pneumoniae is well characterized. When supplemented with ATP and L-glutamine, the bacterial extract efficiently converted [5-3H]ethylthioribose to [3H]ethionine. By contrast, ethionine was not produced upon incubation of [5-3H]ethylthioribose, ATP, and L-glutamine with rat liver homogenate. The mammalian cell extract lacks a kinase activity capable of converting ethylthioribose to 1-phospho-5-S-ethyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribofuranoside, an obligate intermediate in the biosynthesis of ethionine from ethylthioribose in K. pneumoniae. These results support our hypothesis and provide a basis for understanding the apparently selective toxicity of ethylthioribose.
Drug repurposing to target proteostasis and prevent neurodegeneration: accelerating translational efforts (2017)

FONDECYT \t\n11140738 \nFONDAP program \t\n15150012 \nMillennium Institute \t\nP09-015-F \nCONICYT-Brazil \t\n441921/2016-7 \nALS Therapy Alliance \t\n2014-F-059 \nMuscular Dystrophy Association \t\n382453 \nFONDEF \t\nID16I10223 \nD11E1007 \n1140549 \nALSRP Therapeutic Idea Award \t\nAL150111 \nUS Office of Naval Research-Global (ONR-G) \t\nN62909-16-1-2003 \nMichael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research - Target Validation grant \t\n9277 \nEuropean Commission RD \t \nMSCA-RISE \t\n734749 \nU.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research \t\nFA9550-16-1-0384