gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence Of A Four Week Energy Drink Intervention On Glucose Regulation In Healthy Sedentary Individuals (2010)

Energy drinks were originally designed for active sportsmen. However, they are also widely used by inactive people. PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of 4 weeks energy drink consumption on whole body and peripheral insulin sensitivity, and metabolism in sedentary individuals. METHODS: Twelve healthy, physically inactive participants with a sporadic consumption of energy drinks (5 males and 7 females, 26 ± 6 yrs and BMI = 21.7 ± 1.5) underwent a 4 week energy drink supplementation (on average 760 ml). This increased their carbohydrate intake by 2.1 ± 0.2 g/kg body weight. Participants were instructed to maintain and record their usual diet before, during and after the intervention. Pre- and post-test measures were indirect calorimetry, fasting blood glucose (immobilized enzymatic assay) and insulin (ELISA), body composition (DXA scan), and a muscle biopsy one hour after 75 g glucose ingestion (Western blot). Post-tests were carried out 32 hours after the last beverage was consumed. RESULTS: There was a trend for an increase in total body weight (65.5 ± 9.6 vs. 66.6 ± 10.5 kg, p = 0.079, hp2 = 0.254). Fat mass increased significantly (15.7 ± 5.1 vs. 16.8 ± 4.9 kg, p = 0.012), lean mass did not change (2.58 ± 0.57 vs. 2.58 ± 0.58 kg). Fasting respiratory exchange ratio (RER) increased significantly (0.75 ± 0.09 vs. 0.87 ± 0.08, p = 0.039) as did fasting plasma glucose (4.81 ± 0.40 vs. 5.10 ± 0.35 mmol/l, p = 0.012). There was a strong trend towards an increase in fasting plasma insulin (5.06 ± 1.75 vs. 6.40 ± 1.46 mU/l, p = 0.089, hp2 = 0.262). The homeostatic model assessment (HOMA2) of insulin sensitivity was decreased (156 ± 46 vs. 126 ± 30%, p = 0.057, hp2 = 0.316) and there was a trend towards an increase in insulin resistance (0.69 ± 0.18 vs. 0.84 ± 0.19, p = 0.072, hp2 = 0.288). Steady state beta cell function was unaltered (78.4 ± 26.6 vs. 82.1 ± 20.8%). Muscle markers of the main metabolic pathways were not significantly altered (FH, 3985 ± 1487 vs. 3134 ± 1703 AU, GAPDH 2118 ± 626 vs. 1840 ± 671 AU, ACC 5053 ± 2983 vs. 4070 ± 2380 AU). Insulin signalling related GSK-3a/b phosphorylation was significantly reduced (2405 ± 743 vs. 1838 ± 736 AU, p = 0.049). CONCLUSION: Healthy sedentary subjects who were given a commonly consumed amount of energy drinks for 4 weeks, worsened their glucose regulation, fat oxidation and fat mass.
Hyperbranched Polyglycerol-Based Lipids via Oxyanionic Polymerization: Toward Multifunctional Stealth Liposomes (2010)

We describe the synthesis of linear-hyperbranched lipids for liposome preparation based on linear poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and hyperbranched polyglycerol (PG). Molecular weights were adjusted to values around 3000 g/mol with varying degrees of polymerization of the linear and the branched segments in analogy to PEG-based stealth lipids; polydispersities were generally low and below 1.3. The hydrophobic anchors were introduced into the lipid structures as initiators for the anionic polymerization of ethylene oxide and are either based on cholesterol or on different aliphatic glyceryl ethers. Complete incorporation of the apolar initiators was evidenced by MALDI-ToF analysis at all stages of the reaction. The linear-hyperbranched polyether lipid is incorporated as the polyfunctional shell in liposome formulations together with 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC). The resulting liposomes were subsequently characterized via dynamic light scattering (DLS) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) as well as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), demonstrating the formation of unilamellar liposomes in the size range of 40 to 50 nm.
Decoding implantation and menstruation the tale of two opposing signals (2002)

Human endometrium is a unique tissue that undergoes sequential phases of proliferation, and secretory changes followed by tissue shedding and bleeding during menstruation. Tissue remodeling is a distinct feature of human endometrium in the secretory phase which prepares endometrium for implantation during the "receptive phase" of the cycle. A discrete dissolution of extracellular matrix (ECM) by a host of enzymes called matrix metalloproteases (MMP) is required for a successful implantation. In the absence of implantation, as a result of progesterone withdrawal, human endometrium loses its receptive state in the premenstrual period and subsequently undergoes a generalized breakdown of ECM by MMPs during menstruation. The homeostasis of ECM of endometrium and the delicate balance between its synthesis and degradation appear to be mediated by reciprocal interaction between TGF-beta and ebaf (lefty) signaling. While TGF-beta acts as a pro-fibrogenic cytokine and maintains the integrity of ECM in endometrium, expression of lefty is associated with events that lead to destruction of ECM facilitating tissue shedding.
Ultraviolet photon-induced interaction of Cl2 with GaAs(110): Dissociation by means of charge transfer (1992)

We have studied the UV photon-induced interaction of molecular chlorine with a well-defined GaAs(110) surface under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions. Without illumination, chlorine was found to adsorb both molecularly and dissociatively at 85 K. Illumination of a molecular chlorine-covered surface at 85 K with 193, 248, and 351 nm radiation led to the desorption of Cl atoms and to the formation of AsCl3. We suggest that the surface reaction, that is responsible for the AsCl3 formation, is initiated by molecular chlorine dissociation. While direct absorption by an individual Cl2 molecule may be the cause for the chlorine dissociation at 351 nm, we propose an intermolecular charge-transfer absorption within the condensed Cl2 overlayer for the cases of 248 and 193 nm. Support for this mechanism comes from the dependence of time-of-flight distributions and AsCl3 coverages on the molecular chlorine surface coverage, on the laser wavelengths, and on the use of different substrates.
Parametrization of activation based cardiac electrophysiology models using bidomain model simulations (2016)

Abstract Eikonal models are useful to compute approximate solutions of cardiac excitation propagation in a computationally efficient way. In this work the underlying conduction velocities for different cell types were computed solving the classical bidomain model equations for planar wavefront propagation. It was further investigated how changes in the conductivity tensors within the bidomain model analytically correspond to changes in the conduction velocity. The error in the presence of local front curvature for the derived eikonal model parametrization were analyzed. The conduction velocity simulated based on the bidomain model was overestimated by a maximum of 10%.
Smart real-time cardiac diagnostic sensor systems for football players and soldiers under intense physical training (2013)

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) and acute myocardial infarctions (AMIs) have been reported to be up to 7.6 times higher in rate of occurrence during intense exercise as compared to sedentary activities. The risk is high in individuals with both diagnosed as well as occult heart diseases. Recently, SCDs have been reported with a high rate of occurrence among young athletes and soldiers who routinely undergo vigorous training. Prescreening Electrocardiograms (ECG) and echocardiograms have been suggested as potential means of detecting any cardiac abnormalities prior to intense training to avoid the risk of SCDs, but the benefits of this approach are widely debated. Moreover, the increased risk of SCDs and AMIs during training or exercise suggests that ECGs are of much greater value when acquired real-time during the actual training. The availability of immediate diagnostic data will greatly reduce the time taken to administer the appropriate resuscitation. Important factors to consider in the implementation of this solution are: - cost of overall system, accuracy of signals acquired and unobtrusive design. In this paper, we evaluate a system using printed sensors made of inks with functional properties to acquire ECGs of athletes and soldiers during physical training and basic military training respectively. Using Zigbee, we show that athletes and soldiers can be monitored in real time, simultaneously.
AQUEOUS PROCESSING OF THORIUM FUELS (1962)

The status of aqueous processing methods for thorium fuels is summarized, with principal emphasis on the stainless steel-clad ThO/sub 2/UO/sub 2/ type. Data were obtained principally from laboratory-scale experiments with fully irradiated fuel samples and engineering-scale tests with unirradiated fuel. Stainless steel cladding was easily dissolved with 4 to 6M H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ (Sulfex process) or 5M HNO/sub 3/-2M HCl (Darex process) in LCNA (Nionel type) or titanium equipment, respectively, in semicontinuous or batch equipment. Uranium losses to the decladding solutions were approximates 0.3% and 3 to 5% for the Sulfex and Darex processes, respectively, with fuel irradiated to approximates 20,000 Mwd/ton of core. The uranium was readily recovered from the Darex decladding solution in the acid Thorex extraction process. The ThO/sub 2/UO/sub 2/ core was dissolved in 13M HNO/sub 3/ -0.04M NaF-0.1M Al(NO/sub 3/)sub 3/. Uranium and thorium can be recovered from graphite-base fuels by disintegration and leaching with 90% HNO/sub 3/, grinding and leaching with 70% HNO3, or combustion followed by dissolution in fluoridecatlyzed nitric acid. Uranium and thorium were recovered from nitric acid solutions and separated from fission products by extraction with 30% tributyl phosphate in Amsco in the acid Thorex process. The use of an acid deficient feed (0.15M a.d.) induced high decontamination while injection of nitric acld at the fourth extraction stage provided high salting strength and ensured quantitative uranium and thorium extraction. Extensive studies with other organophosphorous extractants established the relations between metal extraction, radiation stability, and metal complex solubility with P-C or P-O bonding and chain branching. Di-sec- butyl phenylphosphonate (DSBPP) combined many of the advantages found and is applicable to the separation of uranium from thorium fission products. Since the thorium distribution coefficients (or Th/F.P. separation factors) were low, none of these extractants is potentially useful for recovery and decontamination of both thorium and uranium. (auth)
Discrimination of normal and malignant mouse ovarian surface epithelial cells in vitro using Raman microspectroscopy (2015)

Raman microspectroscopy in conjunction with multivariate statistical analysis is a powerful technique for label-free classification of live cells based on their molecular composition, which can be correlated to variations in protein, DNA/RNA, and lipid macromolecules.
Haptic Desktop forOffice Automation andAssisted Design (2005)

it Abstract -Thepresent paperdescribes theconceptual and technical design ofa newmultimodal device namedHaptic Desktop System (HDS). Haptic Desktop System isanintegrated system, whichmergeshaptic functionalities, andVDT systems intoone.Specific carehasbeengiventoHDS design for enhancing andimproving human-computer interaction from thefollowing points ofview:esthetical, ergonomic and functional. Inordertoimprove thequality oftheinteraction, theHDS fully integrates proprioceptive, visual, audioand haptic functionalities, intoadeskwhileminimizing thevisual interference ofthephysical components. In theproposed approach classic input devices (i.e. keyboard andmouse) have beenreplaced bynewfeatures integrated within audioand haptic. Suchfeatures allowcommanding andrendering natural force stimuli insuchawaythattheyarecompletely coherent andco-located withrespect tothevisual information. Thenew features oftheHDS aredesigned forreducing considerably the mental loadrequired totheusers during interaction operations. Inthepresent paperthedesign guidelines andtheachieved results arereported.
Ultrafast ultraviolet pump–probe apparatus (1986)

An experimental method based on subpicosecond pulse amplification in excimer gain modules for simultaneously generating both ultrafast, energetic UV excitation pulses and ultrafast UV probe continua is described. Subpicosecond pulses at both 308 and 248 nm, with energies of several millijoules at each wavelength, are available from this apparatus for purposes of excitation. A simultaneously generated probe continuum spans the range ~450 to ~235 nm. Both the probe continuum and the seed pulses for amplification at 248 nm are produced by focusing 308-nm pulses into high-pressure gases (Ar and H2, respectively). A deduced multiple-pulse structure in the probe continuum limits the time resolution of the apparatus to ~1 psec.
Characterization and transfer studies of macrolide resistance genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae from Denmark (2010)

Over the last decade, erythromycin resistance has been increasing in frequency in Streptococcus pneumoniae in Denmark. In the present study, 49 non-related erythromycin-resistant S. pneumoniae isolates from invasive sites and 20 isolates from non-invasive sites were collected; antimicrobial susceptibility was tested, and they were genotyped and serotyped. Gene transfer was studied for selected isolates. The frequency of erm(B) was significantly higher in non-invasive isolates compared to invasive isolates (p = 0.001). For the first time, mef(I) was detected in 1 isolate in Denmark. All tested mef(E) isolates had an identical mef(E) sequence, apart from 1 gene with a point mutation, and mef(E) was correlated to 7 different sero-types. The tested erm(B) sequences were 99.3% similar with 5 point mutations at different positions distributed among different serotypes, which did not cause a detectable influence on the protein. Transformation was detectable in 5 out of 13 isolates and transfer of erm(B), mef(I) and mef(E) was detected. To our knowledge, this is the first time mef(I) has been proved transformable. Gene transfer by conjugation was not detectable. Erythromycin resistance in pneumococcal isolates is likely to be caused primarily by horizontal spread of mef(E) and erm(B), as well as clonal spread of a serotype 14 strain carrying mef(A) primarily detected in invasive isolates.
ChemInform Abstract: Thio‐, Seleno‐, and Telluroacyl Halides (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Micromachined ultrasonic transducers (MUTs): Theory and experiment (1995)

The successful modeling and fabrication of capacitive ultrasonic air transducers is reported. Emission and reception in air at 11.4, 9.2, and 3.1 MHz is demonstrated. Furthermore, transmission experiments through air–glass–air (70 dB of signal loss) at 3.8 and 5.1 MHz are reported. The transducers are made using surface micromachining techniques, which enable the realization of center frequencies ranging from 1.8 to 11.6 MHz. A theory explaining both the static and dynamic operation of the devices is presented. In addition to agreeing well with the experiments, the theory predicts that displacements on the order of 10−3 angstroms (with potential for 10−5 angstroms) are detectable with a 20-dB signal-to-noise ratio. Such detection sensitivity is shown to yield air transducer systems capable of withstanding over 100 dB of signal attenuation, a figure of merit that has significant implications for ultrasonic imaging, nondestructive evaluation, gas flow and composition measurements, and range sensing. [This work has been supported by a grant from ONR.]
Prenatal Diagnosis for Schmid Metaphyseal Chondrodysplasia in Twins (1998)

We report prenatal diagnostic studies for metaphyseal chondrodysplasia of the Schmid type. Identification of a specific COL10A1 gene mutation in an affected father allowed prenatal diagnosis by chorionic villus sampling in a twin pregnancy. Neither of the nonidentical twins received the abnormal COL10A1 gene from their affected father. This result was confirmed by postnatal DNA analysis. Prenatal diagnosis can be offered to all families with characterized COL10A1 gene mutations.
Construction and performance of large-area triple-GEM prototypes for future upgrades of the CMS forward muon system (2011)

At present, part of the forward RPC muon system of the CMS detector at the CERN LHC remains uninstrumented in the high-η region. An international collaboration is investigating the possibility of covering the 1.6 < |η| < 2.4 region of the muon endcaps with large-area triple-GEM detectors. Given their good spatial resolution, high rate capability, and radiation hardness, these micro-pattern gas detectors are an appealing option for simultaneously enhancing muon tracking and triggering capabilities in a future upgrade of the CMS detector. A general overview of this feasibility study will be presented. The design and construction of small (10×10 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) and full-size trapezoidal (1 × 0.5 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) triple-GEM prototypes will be described. During detector assembly, different techniques for stretching the GEM foils were tested. Results from measurements with x-rays and from test beam campaigns at the CERN SPS will be shown for the small and large prototypes. Preliminary simulation studies on the expected muon reconstruction and trigger performances of this proposed upgraded muon system will be reported.
Outbreak of Neonatal Diarrhea in Farmed Mink Kits (<i>Mustella vison</i>) Associated With Enterotoxigenic <i>Staphylococcus delphini</i> (2010)

An outbreak of diarrhea on a large commercial mink farm affected 5,000 of 36,000 neonatal mink kits, with 2,000 dying within a 2-week period. Affected kits were severely dehydrated, and their furcoats and paws were covered with yellow- to green-tinged mucoid feces. On necropsy, the small intestines of examined animals were markedly distended by serous to mucoid fluid. Microscopically, there was prominent colonization of the intestinal villar epithelium by gram-positive bacterial cocci in the absence of inflammation and morphologic changes in villous enterocytes. The colonizing bacteria were phenotypically identified as belonging to the Staphylococcus intermedius group of bacteria. This was confirmed by nucleic acid sequence analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Further nucleic acid sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons from the superoxide dismutase gene and the heat shock protein 60 gene differentiated the isolate as Staphylococcus delphini. Production of staphylococcal enterotoxins A and E was demonstrated with a commercial ELISA-based immunoassay. Sequencing of PCR amplicons confirmed the presence of the enterotoxin E gene, but PCR amplification of the enterotoxin A, B, C, or D genes was not successful. Although direct causation was not confirmed in this study, the authors postulate that the observed hypersecretory diarrhea in these mink kits was the result of colonization of the small intestine by S delphini and subsequent production of enterotoxin.
The Absorption of Sound in Gas Mixtures (1953)

The absorption of sound has been measured in CO2, CS2, C2H4O, and in mixtures of the latter two gases with CO2 for frequencies ranging from 2 to 10 kc and for pressures ranging from 3 to 300 mm of Hg. The tube method was employed. The absorption was determined by observing the decrease in sound pressure as the path length between the speaker and the microphone was increased. A fixed condensor microphone and a movable ribbon-type speaker were used. The measured absorption coefficient was corrected for the effect of the tube and also for the absorption due to viscosity and heat conduction of the gas. The corrected absorption coefficient was then plotted as the attenuation coefficient per wavelength against the logarithm of the ratio of frequency over pressure. These curves were then compared to those determined from Bourgin's Theory for mixtures of absorbing gases. The agreement between the observed attenuation and that predicted by the theory was within 5 percent.
Simple Open Fusion for an Iodine Screen Test (1963)

Abstract A procedure is described for the screening of serum samples for contamination with iodine. It is extremely rapid, obviates any cross-contamination problem, and is not influenced by the organic compounds of raw serum or filtrates. Studies indicate that the open-combustion technic is a reliable screening system for the handling of large numbers of samples.
Volume-pumped nuclear lasers (1979)

A summary is given to experimental results on volume-pumped nuclear lasers obtained at the Langley Research Center. The first volume-pumped nuclear laser was achieved in 1976 using the He-3(n, p)H-3 reaction. Since that time laser output has increased by more than a factor of 1000 (from mW to W). Lasing has been demonstrated in He-3-Ar (1.27 and 1.79 micron), He-3-Xe (2.027, 3.5, and 3.65 microns), He-3-Kr (2.19 and 2.52 microns), and He-3-Cl (1.587 micron). Pressures of the lasing mixture range from 300 torr to 4 atm with a peak power output of 26 W were achieved in a He-3-Ar mixture with a multiple-pass laser configuration.
Transcranial shear-mode ultrasound imaging Characterization of Point Spread Function and assessment of excitation techniques (2008)

This study presents work on an imaging technique that utilizes shear-wave propagation through the skull. The pulse-echo point spread functions (PSF) were obtained by imaging a point scatterer behind ex vivo human craniums at 1 MHz. Brightness images of the target obtained with either shear-mode or conventional longitudinal-mode transmission in the bone were assessed to quantify distortions to the PSF. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) limitations introduced by severe attenuation of shear-waves in the skull were overcome with frequency modulated (FM) coded excitations.
2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidinium thiocyanate, 2C9H20N+.2SCN− (1994)

The synthesis and crystal structure of bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinium) dithiocyanate are reported. Geometric parameters for the component species are typical. There are two formula units in the asymmetric unit which differ in their hydrogen-bonding connectivity
Anatomic and Biomechanical Study of the Biceps Vinculum, a Structure Within the Biceps Sheath (2009)

The properties described may help to explain why biceps tenotomy does not routinely result in a Popeye biceps deformity.