gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Indirect DNA extraction method suitable for acidic soil with high clay content (2018)

DNA extraction is an essential procedure when investigating microbial communities in environmental samples by sequencing technologies. High clay soils can be problematic as DNA adsorbs to the clay particles and can thereby be preserved from lysed, non-viable cells for a substantial period of time. In order to accurately estimate the intact and living microbial community in the soil, extracellular DNA from dead, remnant bacterial cells needs to be removed prior to DNA extraction. One possibility is to use a sodium phosphate buffer to release both extracellular DNA and bacterial cells from the clay particles. After removing the extracellular DNA by centrifugation, the remaining viable cells can be harvested and DNA extracted. The described method is a modification of a procedure for separating extracellular DNA and bacterial cells from acidic clay soils. •The modified method increases bacterial cell yields from acidic clay soils, such as acid sulfate soil.•The modified method eliminates some steps from the original method, as only DNA from intact bacterial cells is required.•The indirect DNA extraction method increases the workload compared to standard direct extraction methods, but subsequent downstream analyses will give a more representative picture of the viable microbial community composition in the soil.
Negative Index Lenses (2005)

The prelims comprise: Introduction Geometric Optics Gaussian Optics Aberrations References
Improvement of signal-to-noise ratio in a bistable optical system: Comparison between vibrational and stochastic resonance (2005)

We present an experimental and theoretical study of the effect of additive noise on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in a bistable, vertical cavity laser. We show that, the regime of vibrational resonance leads to higher SNR's than the regime of stochastic resonance. A scaling law for the noise-induced degradation of SNR is obtained analytically and compared with experimental and numerical results, showing a good agreement.
Structural and functional division into two domains of the large (100- to 115-kDa) chains of the clathrin-associated protein complex AP-2. (1989)

The clathrin-associated protein complex 2 (AP-2 complex) is a group of proteins associated with clathrin-coated vesicles and believed to interact with cytoplasmic domains of receptors found in the plasma membrane. AP-2 was purified as an assembly of several polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, AP50, and AP17), of which only the alpha and beta chains (100-115 kDa) show significant heterogeneity. We have obtained cDNA clones for two distinct rat brain beta chains. We have also studied the domain organization of bovine brain AP-2 complexes by selective proteolysis. Results of these studies show that the alpha and beta chains have a similar two-domain organization. Their amino-terminal domains are relatively invariant whereas their carboxyl-terminal domains are variable in both sequence and length. We propose that the variable domains select receptors for inclusion in coated vesicles.
STATUS OF MESUROL® AS A BIRD REPELLENT FOR CHERRIES AND OTHER FRUIT CROPS (1987)

A single application of Mesurol at 1.5 Ib (Al) /ac to ripening cherries reduced bird damage in a field test in the mid-Hudson Valley of New York, 1986. Treated trees averaged 8.9% damage compared to 17.5% damage for untreated trees. An average of 7.4 birds flew into treated blocks per 15-min count versus an average of 19.8 birds that flew into control blocks. These results support the various evaluations over the past 15 years of Mesurol as a bird repellent for fruit crops. The consensus of these tests is that Mesurol often provides an effective nonlethal means of reducing conflicts between fruit growers and federally protected, depredating birds. However, the continued federal registration of Mesurol for blueberries and cherries is uncertain, and the expansion of the label to include grapes and other fruits is doubtful because of health and environmental concerns, regulatory uncertainties, and limited market opportunities for the proprietary chemical company. Mesurol illustrates the difficulties often encountered in trying to register minor-use pesticides, particularly for vertebrate pest control. Possibilities for alleviating these difficulties are discussed.
Persistent photoconductivity in n-type GaN (1997)

We report on the spectral and temperature dependence of persistent photoconductivity (PPC) in metal-organic chemical vapor deposition grown unintentionally doped n-type GaN. The PPC effect is detectable up to temperatures of at least 352 K, the highest temperature used in this study. At 77 K, the conduction persists at a level 80% higher than the equilibrium dark conduction for over 104 s after removing the excitation. We have determined the spectral dependence for the optical cross section for PPC and obtain an optical ionization energy of ∼2.7 eV. The temperature dependence of the photoconductivity decay and its nonexponential shape are explained by a distribution of capture barriers with a mean capture barrier of 0.2 eV and a width of ∼26 meV.
Elimination–addition. Part IX. Reactions of p-toluoylacetylene and p-toluoylacetaldehyde with α-phenylethylamine (1966)

α-Phenylethylamine reacts with p-toluoylacetylene and with p-toluoylacetaldehyde to give the same product which is shown, by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, to be a mixture of cis- and trans-β-[1-phenylethylaminovinyl]p-tolyl ketones. These isomers have been separated and their interconversion has been examined by polarimetric and ultraviolet spectrophotometric methods.Our observations are in accord with our earlier work but at variance with a recent Russian report in which one of the isomers is described as an enol-imine rather than a keto-enamine.
Heterogeneous Electron-Transfer Rate Constants for Fe(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub><sup>3+/2+</sup> at Metal Oxide Electrodes (2004)

The title redox couple, in noncoordinating perchlorate medium, has been used to probe the electrochemical behavior of different IrO2-based electrodes; pure oxide electrodes, as well as IrO2-SnO2 mixtures, have been investigated. The obtained results show that the electrode material strongly affects the electrochemical response. A tentative explanation, based on the different point of zero charge of the considered oxides, is presented.
The effects of pH on the interaction between capsaicin and the vanilloid receptor in rat dorsal root ganglia neurons (2001)

1. The vanilloid receptor of sensory neurons is a polymodal nociceptor sensitive to capsaicin, protons, heat and anandamide. Although it is known that interaction occurs between these different mediators the mechanism by which this occurs is poorly understood. In this study capsaicin elicited currents were recorded from vanilloid receptors found in adult rat isolated dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons under conditions of varying pH and the mechanism whereby protons can modulate this capsaicin response investigated. 2. Under whole-cell voltage clamp, modulating extracellular pH shifted the position of the capsaicin log(concentration)-response curve. Acidification from pH 9.0 to pH 5.5 lowered the EC50 values from 1150+/-250 nM to 5+/-2 nM with coincident change in the mean apparent slope factor from 2.3+/-0.3 to 0.9+/-0.2 and no change in maximal response. 3. The magnitude of the potentiation seen on reducing extracellular pH was not significantly affected by changes in extracellular calcium and magnesium concentration. 4. The response to capsaicin was not potentiated by a reduction in intracellular pH suggesting a site of action more accessible from the extracellular than the intracellular side of the membrane. 5. Potentiation by low pH was voltage independent indicating a site of action outside the membrane electric field. 6. At the single channel level, reducing extracellular pH increased channel open probability but had no significant effect on single channel conductance or open time. 7. These results are consistent with a model in which, on reducing extracellular pH, the vanilloid receptor in rat DRG neurons, changes from a state with low affinity for capsaicin to one with high affinity, coincident with a loss of cooperativity. This effect, presumed to be proton mediated, appears to involve one or more sites with pK(a) value 7.4-7.9, outside the membrane electrical field on an extracellularly exposed region of the receptor protein.
Cerebrovascular Events in 21 105 Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Randomized to Edoxaban Versus Warfarin (2014)

http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00781391.
Growth and biomass allocation of symptomatic and asymptomatic <i>Populus</i><i>tremuloides</i> clones in response to seasonal ozone exposures (1992)

The effect of single-season ozone exposures on growth and biomass production of numerous trembling aspen (Populustremuloides Michx.) clones was studied, using open-top chambers, in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. All clones studied had previously been ranked according to foliar sensitivity to short-term, high-dose ozone exposures. For this study, comparisons were made between plants grown in charcoal-filtered, nonfiltered, and ozone-added (consisting of 80 ppb ozone for 6 h per day, 3 days per week) chambers and in open-air plots. For the plants grown in ozone-added chambers, as compared with those grown in the charcoal-filtered air, stem biomass decreases were 0% for the 18 ozone-tolerant clones and 46.4% for the 18 ozone-sensitive clones, in 1988. In 1989, they were 5% for the tolerant clones and 74% for the sensitive clones. Thus, our results suggest that ozone can have either a negative effect on growth or no effect, depending on the clones tested. However, it is clear from this study that ozone consistently affected biomass production in sensitive clones in a negative manner. These results strengthen the case for ozone being a strong selective force, even at relatively low total doses.
Nitrogen‐Rich Plasma Polymer Coatings for Biomedical Applications: Stability, Mechanical Properties and Adhesion Under Dry and Wet Conditions (2015)

Plasma polymerized coatings (PP) are increasingly used for biomedical applications in contact with body fluids. We optimized and studied the stability, mechanical properties, and adhesion in air and aqueous media of amine (NH 2 )‐rich PP in low‐pressure r.f. plasma from [NH 3 /C 2 H 4 ] mixtures (L‐PPE:N). Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM‐D) revealed partial dissolution or water‐uptake (swelling) in real‐time in various solutions, which helped identify the best gas mixture ratio for compromise between stability and high concentration of (NH 2 ) groups. Nanoindention revealed strong decrease of Young's modulus and hardness in water. Finally, a Cross‐Hatch peel test was used to optimize L‐PPE:N adhesion on poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE): plasma pre‐treatment prevented both dry and wet delamination.
Changes in the photoelectrical properties and generation of photoinduced defects under light/air exposure of C60 thin films (1998)

We report on the time development of surface photovoltage (SPV) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra for C60 films irradiated by room light in air. Such exposure is shown to result in the progressive reduction of the SPV signal at 0.9–1.1 eV and in an increase in the signal at approximately 1.3 eV, as well as in the reduction of the signals at about 1.6 and 2.3 eV. A decrease in the dark contact potential difference signal as a result of surface band-bending reduction is also observed after exposure. These results are explained assuming that gap states at Ec−(0.9–1.1) eV in our samples are attributed to nonbonded intercalated O2 in the C60 lattice while other states at Ev+1.3 eV are related to oxygen chemically bonded to the C60 molecules. EPR measurements reveal that light/air exposure causes an increase in the number of C60+ paramagnetic defects. A hypothesis has been suggested that the recombination centers at Ev+1.3 eV and the C60+ paramagnetic centers have the same origin and are attributable to carbon dangling bonds.
Determination of central blood pressure by a noninvasive method (brachial BP and QKD interval) (2012)

This study showed that it is possible to estimate SBPc by simultaneous measurement of QKD and BPb. If further studies confirm these results, a noninvasive ambulatory method of monitoring of SBPc could be employed in clinical practice.
Effect of Insulin on Carbohydrate Tolerance of Nondiabetic Individuals (1938)

One of us (Somogyi) has shown that in diabetic patients the continued overdosage of insulin, i. e., the administration of quantities sufficient to cause hypoglycemias, gradually diminishes the carbohydrate tolerance of the patient and aggravates the diabetic condition. In this paper we call attention to the fact that insulin when administered to nondiabetic individuals, exerts a similar effect. This observation was made on nondiabetic tuberculous patients, who were treated with insulin with the purpose of inducing an increase in their body weight. The procedure in this work differed from others described in the literature in 2 respects. In the first place, the amount of insulin used was very small. In 2 cases only 10 units were given daily, injected in 5-unit doses before the noon and evening meals, while the remaining patients received at the beginning 10, and subsequently 20 units daily, always administered in 2 equal doses. In the second place, the duration of the treatment in this experiment was much longer than in others reported; the observations extended in 5 cases over a period of 6 months, and in one case over 12 months. In each case glucose tolerance test was performed a short time before the beginning of the treatment and a second test after insulin injections had been continued for approximately 6 months; in one case a third test was carried out after 12 months of uninterrupted treatment. In the tolerance tests uniformly 100 gm. of glucose was given orally and the blood sugar was determined at hourly intervals by the Shaffer-Hartmann method, using copper reagent No. 50 of Shaffer and Somogyi. The blood samples were deproteinized with Somogyi's zinc method which removes nonfermentable reducing substances so that the analysis furnishes true sugar values (which are about 20 mg. % lower than the apparent sugar values obtained with the Folin-Wu method).
WHAT'S WRONG WITH AUTOMATIC SPEECH RECOGNITION (ASR) AND HOW CAN WE FIX IT? (2013)

Abstract : Seedling effort sponsored by IARPA to investigate the sources of speech recognition errors associated with noisy or unusual acoustic conditions. Research was conducted through two separate mechanisms: an in-depth study of the source of errors in the acoustic model, using a novel sampling process to quantify the effects that the two major Hidden Markov Model (HMM) assumptions have on recognition accuracy; and a broader study of problems in speech recognition relying on a surveys of area experts and relevant literature. The in-depth study demonstrates that a lack of robustness (to mismatched training/test conditions) is a significant source of error and that the sensitivity to such mismatches in the acoustic representations is a prominent source of errors. The results also show that in the case of matched conditions, one of the incorrect assumptions inherent to the standard statistical models is the dominant source of errors. A survey of automatic speech recognition (ASR) researchers and of the ASR literature provides a further sense of the community?s perspective on the topic. The report concludes with some speculations for fruitful directions of future research. The authors also suggest some extensions of this line of inquiry to other prediction and classification problems beyond speech recognition.
User mobility in IEEE 802.11 networks (2006)

We observed wireless network traffic at the 65th IETF Meeting in Dallas, Texas in March of 2006, attended by approximately 1200 engineers. We observed distinct differences among client implementations and saw a number of factors that made the overall system less than optimal, pointing to the need for better design tools and automated adaptation mechanisms.In order to solve many of the problems encountered in the IETF measurements and many other issues such as Layer 2 (L2) and Layer 3 (L3) handoffs, critical for real-time applications, we propose a novel approach, namely Cooperative Roaming (CR), in which mobile nodes (MNs) can collaborate with each other and share useful information about the network in which they move.
Rare-earth organic complexes for polymer optical fiber and waveguide amplifiers (1996)

Summary form only given. There has been much recent interest in rare-earth-doped fibers and waveguides for their application in amplifiers and lasers. However, nearly all of the host materials used so far have been inorganic glasses and crystals, considering the utility of polymer optical fibers and waveguides, rare-earth-doped polymer systems are also of interest. One way to incorporate rare-earth ions into polymers is to encapsulate the ions in organic chelates and dope these complexes directly. The potential of two types of rare-earth chelates, tetrakis(dibenzoylmethide) (D/sub 4/) and tetrakis(benzoylbifluoroacetonate) [(BTF)/sub 4/], have been evaluated by studying their radiative properties using a Judd-Ofelt treatment.
SCOLYTIDS (COLEOPTERA) ON SNOWFIELDS ABOVE TIMBERLINE IN OREGON AND WASHINGTON (1972)

Abstract Scolytids were collected from snowfields above timberline in Oregon and Washington. The most productive location was Collier Glacier on Middle Sister Mountain, Ore., where 334 specimens representing 20 species were collected on 4 August 1968. Collections from seven mountains comprised 476 specimens, 12 genera, and 26 species. Hylastes nigrinus (Mann.) made up 63% of the specimens collected. The collections demonstrated that bark beetles had been dispersed vertically and horizontally thousands of feet from the nearest possible source. Phloeosinus chamberlini Blkm. was found 15 miles from the closest known host tree. Behavioral and meteorological factors involved in the dispersal of scolytids to snowfields are known only circumstantially. Certain species are thought to fly skyward initially. Some individuals presumably are carried aloft by warm updrafts and their fallout occurs when the air becomes too cool for flight.
Gas chromatographic determination of malathion and its oxygen analog, mala-oxon (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGas chromatographic determination of malathion and its oxygen analog, mala-oxonCalvin. Corley and Morton. BerozaCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1968, 16, 2, 361–363Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60156a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60156a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views64Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Flap Reconstruction Techniques in Conjunctivorhinostomy (1988)

Richard L. Arden, MD, and coworkers presented at the 1988 spring meeting of the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery in Palm Beach, Fla, a solution to an unusual but difficult reconstructive situation. Dacryocystorhinostomy is usually the standard approach to treat epiphora caused by lower lacrimal tract obstruction. When the pathologic cause lies in the upper lacrimal passage, however, alternate bypass or reconstructive options need to be considered. Conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy, utilizing the Jones' tube, can effectively bypass the upper tract, but the technique may be complicated by granulation tissue formation, infection from unapposed mucosal flaps, and inefficient passage of tears through scar as a result of healing by secondary intention. Canaliculodacryocystorhinostomy affords the advantages of a physiologic reconstruction, but it is limited by availability of sufficient canaliculus, requires a lengthy and tedious dissection, and needs a microsurgical approach. We describe an alternate technique of conjunctivorhinostomy (CR) that provides
Mechanical properties of thermoelectric n-type magnesium silicide synthesized employing<i>in situ</i>spark plasma reaction sintering (2017)

Thermoelectric devices employing magnesium silicide (Mg2Si) offer an inexpensive and non-toxic solution for green energy generation compared to other existing conventional thermoelectric materials in the mid-temperature range. However, apart from the thermoelectric performance, their mechanical properties are equally important in order to avoid the catastrophic failure of their modules during actual operation. In the present study, we report the synthesis of Mg2Si co-doped with Bi and Sb employing in situ spark plasma reaction sintering and investigate its broad range of mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of the sintered co-doped Mg2Si suggest a significantly enhanced value of hardness ~5.4 ± 0.2 GPa and an elastic modulus ~142.5 ± 6 GPa with a fracture toughness of ~1.71 ± 0.1 MPa √m. The thermal shock resistance, which is one of the most vital parameter for designing thermoelectric devices, was found to be ~300 W m−1, which is higher than most of the other existing state-of-the-art mid-temperature thermoelectric materials. The friction and wear characteristics of sintered co-doped Mg2Si have been reported for the first time, in order to realize the sustainability of their thermoelectric modules under actual hostile environmental conditions.
An inversion procedure from rotational total cross sections (1994)

A hard shape potential has been used to interpret A+BC rotational inelastic cross sections as a function of collision energy. These hard shape surfaces have been shown to be close to the classical turning points of an appropriate soft potential, this providing a computationally simple route for deriving a soft potential. If the soft potential has exponential form then reducing the hard shape radii by an amount equal to the inverse of the exponent improves the results.