gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: Volume II – reactions of organic species (2005)

Abstract. This article, the second in the series, presents kinetic and photochemical data evaluated by the IUPAC Subcommittee on Gas Kinetic Data Evaluation for Atmospheric Chemistry. It covers the gas phase and photochemical reactions of Organic species, which were last published in 1999, and were updated on the IUPAC website in late 2002. The article consists of a summary sheet, containing the recommended kinetic parameters for the evaluated reactions, and eight appendices containing the data sheets, which provide information upon which the recommendations are made.
Liposomal gemcitabine (GemLip)—efficient drug against hormone‐refractory Du145 and PC‐3 prostate cancer xenografts (2009)

As shown by the very low efficient concentration of GemLip, liposomal entrapment of Gemc greatly enhances its activity. GemLip has, even at very low doses, a significant anti-tumoral and anti-metastatic therapeutic effect in HRPCa xenografts in vivo and was beneficial even when the conventional Gemc failed.
Some remarks on the ionic radii of iron‐group elements. The influence of crystalline field (1952)

Abstract The ionic radii of iron group elements do not decrease monotonically from Ca towards Zn but show maxima at configurations d 4 , d 5 and–possibly–d 9 , d 10 . An explanation is offered. It is based upon a heteropolar model where the influence of the other ions on the electronic distribution of 3d electrons is considered as a purely electrostatic influence of their net charges. The maxima are explained by the influence of a preponderantly cubic crystalline field, both for negliglible and strong interelectronic interaction.
Smartcards with biometric user verification (2002)

If a smartcard provides security functions such as electronic signature creation, valuables such as electronic money and/or sensitive data such as medical data, then the smartcard has to verify that it is used by the legitimate cardholder. For this purpose, the user has usually to present a PIN. Since smartcards become more and more powerful, it is feasible to implement on-card matching algorithms allowing to perform a biometric user verification in the smartcard. The contribution of FhG-SIT in this field consists of participation in standardisation and the development of on-card matching algorithms.
Preclinical Studies of Noncharged Oxime Reactivators for Organophosphate Exposure (2013)

A countermeasure that protects the brain from organophosphate toxicity is an unmet need. Few small molecule reactivators that can cross the blood brain barrier and reactivate brain acetyl cholinesterases have been reported. Herein, we describe preclinical investigations of a new class of amidine-oxime reactivator of cholinesterases with improved potency and blood brain barrier permeability. (Z)-N-((E)-1-(Dimethylamino)-2-(hydroxyimino)ethylidene)butan-1-aminium chloride, 1, is zwitterionic at physiological pH but possesses increased oxime nucleophilicity because of the adjacent amidine functionality. The amidine-oximes reported herein were observed to be nontoxic (up to 200 mg/kg in vivo) and are chemically and metabolically stable. The results presented herein show that uncharged amidine-oxime reactivators such as 1 can penetrate the blood brain barrier in animals and protect from the toxicity of nerve agent model compounds.
Light amplification and lasing in a stilbenoid compound-doped glass-clad polymer optical fiber (2003)

We report on a large optical gain, over the wide spectral range, and lasing in a glass-clad polymer optical fiber that uses a novel highly fluorescent stilbenoid compound. The compound 1,4-bis(4-diphenylamino-styryl)-benzene is designed for the blue region of the spectrum and has a high quantum yield of 0.85 in polystyrene and a relatively large Stokes shift of ∼50 nm. A fiber doped with 0.2-wt.% of the compound is photoexcited with a thin striped-shape area at 355 nm with nanosecond optical pulses, and the emission from one end is monitored as a function of the excitation length to deduce the net gain coefficient. The gain spectroscopy has revealed a broad optical gain exceeding 25 cm/sup -1/ and up to 36 cm/sup -1/ at 494 nm that covers a wide spectral range of about 70 nm when the fiber is transversely photoexcited at 12 mJ/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at room temperature. An analysis shows that the saturation effect expected for homogeneously broadened gain accounts for the amplified spontaneous emission output behavior at longer excitation lengths. Waveguide loss is measured to be 0.7 cm/sup -1/ at 494 nm. The large gain and low loss have been utilized to demonstrate blue laser emission at 489 nm from the fiber (which is only 1.4 cm in length) in a low finesse cavity defined by the Fresnel reflections at the fiber-air interfaces. The threshold for lasing is found to be 1.7 mJ/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Polyurethane Real-Size Models Used in Planning Complex Spinal Surgery (2001)

Real-size spinal models made from polyurethane foam can be used to provide excellent understanding of the complex spinal pathology in highly selected patients. These models allow complex spinal surgery with a more predictable outcome.
Replicative bacteriophage DNA synthesis in plasmolyzed T4-infected cells: evidence for two independent pathways to DNA (1976)

Bacteriophage T4-infected Escherichia coli rendered permeable to nucleotides by sucrose plasmolysis exhibited two apparently separate pathways or channels to T4 DNA with respect to the utilization of exogenously supplied substrates. By one pathway, individual labeled ribonucleotides, thymidine (tdR), and 5-hydroxymethyl-dCMP could be incorporated into phage DNA. Incorporation of each of these labeled compounds was not dependent upon the addition of the other deoxyribonucleotide precursors, suggesting that a functioning de novo pathway to deoxyribonucleotides was being monitored. The second pathway or reaction required all four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates or the deoxyribonucleoside monophosphates together with ATP. However, in this reaction, dTTP was not replaced by TdR. The two pathways were also distinguished on the basis of their apparent Mg2+ requirements and responses to N-ethylmaleimide, micrococcal nuclease, and to hydroxyurea, which is a specific inhibitor of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase. Separate products were synthesized by the two channels, as shown by density-gradient experiments and velocity sedimentation analysis. Each of the pathways required the products of the T4 DNA synthesis genes. Furthermore, DNA synthesis by each pathway appeared to be coupled to the functioning of several of the phage-induced enzymes involved in deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis. Both systems represent replicative phage DNA synthesis as determined by CsCl density-gradient analysis. Autoradiographic and other studies provided evidence that both pathways occur in the same cell. Further studies were carried out on the direct role of dCMP hydroxymethylase in T4 DNA replication. Temperature-shift experiments in plasmolyzed cells using a temperature-sensitive mutant furnished strong evidence that this gene product is necessary in DNA replication and is not functioning by allowing preinitiation of DNA before plasmolysis.
Principle of a Dual Current Source Converter for AC Motor Drives (1979)

The principle of operation of a dual current source converter is briefly explained. The combination of two single current source converters (SCSC) to form a ``dual (duplex) current source converter'' (DCSC) is proposed. The DCSC is shown to have the following merits: 1) it retains all the advantages of the SCSC; 2) it reduces the harmonic content of the current waveform considerably; and 3) since the load current is shared equally between two current source converters, ratings of the individual components employed in the circuit are considerably lowered. A DCSC can be an attractive choice for sophisticated large horsepower drives where a good performance of the drive rather than cost is a prime factor. An open-loop control scheme employing the DCSC for an ac motor drive has been successfully implemented in the laboratory. Oscillograms of the improved load current waveforms are shown.
Internal mobility in a double-stranded B DNA hexamer and (1984)

The internal mobility of the deoxyribose H2’-H2’ ’ and base C(H5)-C(H6) and T(CH3)-T(H6) vectors has been investigated by means of time-dependent nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) measurements in a B DNA hexamer and undecamer. Cross-relaxation rates between these proton pairs are determined from the initial slopes of the time development of the NOES, and, as the interproton distances between these proton pairs are fixed, apparent correlation times for the 3 interproton vectors are calculated from the cross-relaxation rate data. It is shown that there is little residue to residue variation in the crossrelaxation rates of the interproton vectors within each oligonucleotide, that the mean apparent correlation times of the C(HS)-C(H6) and T(CH+T(H6) vectors are approximately equal and significantly greater than that of the H2’-H2’ ’ vectors, and that the data for the H2’-H2’ ’ vectors of both oligonucleotides and the C(H5)-C(H6) and T(CH+T(H6) vectors of the undecamer cannot be accounted for by isotropic tumbling alone. The data are analysed in terms of a two motion model with isotropic tumbling and a single internal motion. The relaxation time of the internal motion at 23°C is < 1 ns for the H2’-H2’ ’ vectors of both oligonucleotides and ~3 ns for the C(H5)-C(H6) and T(CH3)-T(H6) vectors of the undecamer. In the case of the H2’-H2’ ’ vectors, however, the amplitude of the internal motion is found to be too large to be compatible with the known stereochemistry of DNA. This finding can only be explained by invoking additional degrees of internal freedom with a larger number of internal motions of small amplitude of the type deduced from the analysis of crystallographic thermal factors [(1984) J. Mol. Biol. 173, 361-3881. B DNA solution dynamics Synthetic oligonucleotide ‘H-‘H NOE
ChemInform Abstract: THIO‐CLAISEN REARRANGEMENT IN THE PYRIMIDINE SERIES. ACCESS TO 5‐ALLYL‐4‐THIOURACIL DERIVATIVES (1976)

Abstract Das Thiopyrimidinon (Ia) wird mit Allylbromid zum Thioäther (III),(X=Br) allyliert, der sich bei basischer Behandlung in das Thion (IV) umlagert.
Heterogeneity of islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies and autoantibodies to glutamate decarboxylase in relatives of patients with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. (1993)

The aims of our study were to correlate the specificities of islet cell cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ICA) observed in 14 first-degree relatives of diabetic patients with the development of clinical diabetes. To detect whether ICAs recognized in an homogeneous fashion the two major islet cell components, namely beta and alpha cells, the number of islet cells simultaneously recognized by ICAs and anti-glucagon antibodies was determined using a four layer indirect immunofluorescence technique and confocal laser microscopy. The different types of pattern, either whole islet cell staining (type I) or beta cell predominant staining (type II), was then correlated to the presence of autoantibodies to glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), as well as to metabolic outcome. Eight relatives (57.2%) had the type I pattern and 6 (42.8%) the type II pattern. Type 1 diabetes occurred in all ICA positive relatives with the type I pattern and in only 2 out of the 6 relatives with the type II pattern. Interestingly, this later pattern was significantly associated with the presence of autoantibodies to GAD although 2 relatives with antibodies with the type I pattern were also positive. Although more effective for 5 sera with the type II pattern, preincubation with rat brain homogenate significantly decreased the titres of 3/6 sera with the type I pattern. Altogether, our results suggest that autoimmunity to beta cells may be associated with antibodies directed to separate autoantigens with different cellular distributions. From these observations, additional autoantigens distinct from glutamate decarboxylase are also certainly involved.
Validation of a novel index to assess insulin resistance of adipose tissue lipolytic activity in obese subjects (2011)

Insulin resistance in adipose tissue increases the release of free fatty acids into the circulation, which likely contributes to impaired insulin action in liver and skeletal muscle associated with obesity. However, reliable assessment of adipose tissue insulin resistance requires performing a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp procedure in conjunction with a fatty acid tracer infusion to determine insulin-mediated suppression of lipolytic rate. We developed a simpler method for evaluating adipose tissue insulin resistance in vivo, determined as the product of palmitate rate of appearance into the bloodstream and plasma insulin concentration during basal conditions. We validated our Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance Index (ATIRI) by comparison with an assessment of adipose tissue insulin resistance determined by using the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp procedure in conjunction with a palmitate tracer infusion in 47 obese nondiabetic subjects (body mass index: 40.1 ± 9.3 kg/m(2)). We found the ATIRI correlated closely with adipose tissue insulin resistance assessed during the clamp procedure (r =-0.854, P < 0.001). These results demonstrate that the ATIRI provides a reliable index of adipose tissue insulin resistance in obese subjects.
Patologia molecular del gen de la distrofia muscular de duchenne-becker (1991)

La distrofia muscular de duchenne-becker (dmd-dmb) es una enfermedad hereditaria ligada al sexo, recesiva, con penetrancia completa en los varones y expresividad variable. La incidencia se estima en un afectado de cada 4.000 varones nacidos vivos. Utilizando la tecnologia del adn recombinante hemos abordado directamente el estudio del gen, observando que las deleciones son una forma importante de mutacion (53 +- 17%), e inciden sobre zonas preferenciales del mismo. Dicha tecnologia permite un diagnostico directo de portadoras y prenatal. La repercusion de las deleciones sobre el molde de lectura permite pronosticar la severidad del cuadro clinico. Utilizando loci polimorficos del adn (fragmentos de restriccion de lonfgitud polimorfica o frlps) como marcadores se establecen las distintas fases de ligamiento, que posibilitan seguir la segregacion del gen deletereo en la genealogia. Un adecuado tratamiento matematico (hemos desarrollado un programa de ordenador en base a la probabilidad bayesiana) permite asimismo un diagnostico de portadoras y prenatal de alta fiabilidad.
Macrosphelides C and D, Novel Inhibitors of Cell Adhesion. (1997)

1 was purified by silica gel chromatography (CHC13 -CH3OH, 50: 1 v/v) and HPLC (Senshu Pac Pegasil OCT. 1997 ODS; i.d. 2 x 25cm, detection, UV at 210nm; flow rate, 7ml/miniute; solv. sys., CH3CN-H2O, 4:6 v/v and CH3OH-H2O, 4:6 v/v) from the EtOAc extract of culture broth. On the other hand, purification of the EtOAcextract from mycelium by silica gel chromatography (CHC13-CH3OH, 50: 1 v/v) and HPLC (solv. sys., CH3CN -H2O, 4 : 6 v/v) gave 2. Finally, compounds 1 and 2 were obtained in the yield of 1.8mg and 8.0mg, rspectively, together with macrosphelides A (580 mg) and B (16.1mg).
Effect of Semi-carbonization Pyrolysis on Comminution Energy and Assessment ofTransport Property of Woody Biomass (2008)

In order to promote the utilization of unused woody biomass such as forestry biomass and pruned branch of fruit, the utilization of woody biomass has come to attract attention as a fuel at the pulverized-coal fired power plant. When the woody biomass in the forestry region is utilized, it is necessary to examine and reduce the energy consumption for collecting of resources, preprocessing such as comminuting and drying and transportation . In the present study, effect of semi-carbonization pyrolysis on comminution energy and assessment of transport property of woody biomass is investigated. The results obtained are as follows. Empirical correlations of work index in Bond′s Law are presented for both woody and semi-carbonization regions. The comminution energy can be estimated by the present empirical correlations within an accuracy of ±30 percent. To evaluate the effect of semi-carbonization process on the energy reduction of transport and comminution, an analysis of energy consumptions is conducted. From the result of analysis, it is found that the energy consumption ratio is the minimum at a mass yield condition of 0.6 for the same transport distance.
Ranking on Cross-Domain Manifold for Sketch-Based 3D Model Retrieval (2013)

Sketch-based 3D model retrieval algorithms compare a query, a line drawing sketch, and 3D models for similarity by rendering the 3D models into line drawing-like images. Still, retrieval accuracies of previous algorithms remained low, as sets of features, one of sketches and the other of rendered images of 3D models, are quite different, they are said to lie in different domains. A previous approach used semantic labels to establish correspondence between features across inter-domain gap. This approach, however, is prone to over learning if dataset is difficult to learn, i.e., if labeling is sparse and/or if only a small subset of each class is labeled. This paper proposes Cross-Domain Manifold Ranking (CDMR), an algorithm that effectively compares two sets of features that lie in different domains. The proposed algorithm first establishes feature subspace, or manifold, separately in each of the domains. Then, the two feature manifolds are interrelated to form a unified Cross-Domain Manifold (CDM) by using both feature similarity and semantic label correspondence across the domains. Given a query sketch, similarity ranks of 3D models are computed by diffusing relevance value from the sketch over the CDM. Experimental evaluation by using sketch-based 3D model retrieval benchmarks showed that the CDMR is more accurate than state-of-the-art sketch-based 3D model retrieval algorithms.
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) studies of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and activators (2011)

Research Division, Laxmi Fumigation and Pest Control, Pvt. Ltd., 3, Khatipura, lndore-452 007, Madhya Pradesh, India<br> <em>E-mail</em> : pvkhadikar@rediffmail.com<br> Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Departmento di Chimica, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, RM-188, Polo Scientifico, 50019 Sesto Fioventinol, Fireze, Italy<br> <em>E-mail</em> : claudiu.supuran@unifi.it<br> Department of Chemistry, ISLE, IPS Academy, Knowledge City, Rajendranagar, Indore-452 001, Madhya Pradesh, India<br> <em>E-mail</em> : anju.dm@rediffmail.com<br> Department of Chemistry, Barely College, Barely, Uttar Pradesh, India<br> Department of Chemistry, Sanghvi Institute of Science & Management, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India<br> <em>E-mail</em> : meenakshi_lakhwani@yahoo<br> <em>Manuscript received 5 September 2010, accepted·28 October 2010</em> Known for decades, tbe metalloenzymes carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are widespread all over the phylogenetic tree. In the last years, It has emerged· that in addition to their well-known role for the development of diuretics or anti-glaucoma drugs, Inhibitors of these enzymes may lead to novel antiobesity and anticancer therapies. Two mitochondrial CA lsoforms are involved in lipogenesis and their Inhibition leads to diminished fatty acid biosynthesis. Two Tran membrane, tumour associated lsozymes are highly over expressed and involved in signalling/pH regulation processes within hypoxic tumors. Specinc Inhibitors for both types of such isoforms have been developed and some of their are In clinical evaluations. A review on Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSARs) studies of CA Inhibitors Is presented. The expectations of QSAR models are initially discussed, followed by model validation, estimation of predictive power of QSAR models, modeling approaches, quality of data and statistical methods used In making QSAR analyses for this class of pharmacological agents. A variety of examples of QSAR studies related to aromatic, heterocyclic and/or aliphatic sulfonamide CA inhibitors are discussed in detail, for various CA lsoforms among the 15 presently known in humans, which present Interest In designing antloglaucoma, antiobesity or anticancer agents/diagnostic tools. Carbonic anhydrase activators targeting human lsoforms I, II, IV, VII and XIV (present among others in the brain) may lead to novel therapies for Alzheimer's disease, memory· therapy and aging, since the levels of such isozymes are much diminished In the brain of patients suffering of these diseases,
Polycrystalline Si-Rich SiSb[sub x] Bottom Heating Layer for Phase Change Memory (2008)

Polycrystalline Si-rich films with different stoichiometric compositions were investigated. is superior to and because of its better thermal stability and higher resistivity. Further, polycrystalline has an antidiffusion ability and a low thermal conductivity. As the bottom heating layer, all these appropriate physical properties of polycrystalline contribute to the performance improvements of the phase change memory cell. Thermal simulation was also carried out to support our opinion.
GERMIDINE AND GERMITRINE, TWO NEW ESTER ALKALOIDS FROM <i>VERATRUM VIRIDE</i> (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGERMIDINE AND GERMITRINE, TWO NEW ESTER ALKALOIDS FROM VERATRUM VIRIDEJosef. Fried, Howard L. White, and O. WintersteinerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 9, 3260–3261Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01177a530https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01177a530research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views30Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Leaf Spray: Direct Chemical Analysis of Plant Material and Living Plants by Mass Spectrometry (2011)

The chemical constituents of intact plant material, including living plants, are examined by a simple spray method that provides real-time information on sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, lipids, and alkaloids. The experiment is applicable to various plant parts and is demonstrated for a wide variety of species. An electrical potential is applied to the plant and its natural sap, or an applied solvent generates an electrospray that carries endogenous chemicals into an adjacent benchtop or miniature mass spectrometer. The sharp tip needed to create a high electric field can be either natural (e.g., bean sprout) or a small nick can be cut in a leaf, fruit, bark, etc. Stress-induced changes in glucosinolates can be followed on the minute time scale in several plants, including potted vegetables. Differences in spatial distributions and the possibility of studying plant metabolism are demonstrated.