gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accelerated adipogenic differentiation of h <scp>MSC</scp> s in a microfluidic shear stimulation platform (2015)

The use of transplanted adipose tissue to repair crucial defects is clinically interesting for surgical reconstruction. Terminally differentiated adipocytes are utilized to promote the healthy regeneration of defective tissue. Use of differentiated mesenchymal stem cells, capable of differentiation into adipocytes, is advantageous because of their regenerative properties. Conventionally, the differentiation of hMSCs toward adipocytes occurs through chemical stimulation. We designed a microfluidic system, consisting of plastic tubing and a syringe pump, to create an environment of shear to accelerate this differentiation process. This system employed a flow rate equivalent to the accelerated flow rates found within the arterial system in order to promote and activate intracellular and extracellular proteins associated with the adipogenic lineage. Confirmation of sustained viability following shear exposure was obtained using a fluorescent live-dead assay. Visualization of intracellular lipid accumulation was achieved via Oil Red O staining. When placed into culture, shear stimulated hMSCs were further induced toward brown adipose tissue, as evidenced by a greater quantity of lipid triglycerides, relative to unstimulated hMSCs. qRT-PCR analysis validated the phenotypic changes observed when the hMSCs were later cultured in adipogenic differentiation media. Additionally, increased fold change for adipogenic markers such as LPL1, CFL1, and SSP1 were observed as a result of shear stimulation. The significance of this work lies in the demonstration that transient fluid shear exposure of hMSCs in suspension can influence differentiation into adipocytes. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:440-446, 2016.
An Inside View: VEGF Receptor Trafficking and Signaling (2012)

Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) and their receptors play a central role in the development of cardiovascular system and in vasculature-related processes in the adult organism. Given the critical role of this signaling cascade, intricate control systems have evolved to regulate its function. A new layer of added complexity has been the demonstration of the importance of endocytosis and intracellular trafficking of VEGF receptors in the regulation of VEGF signaling. In this review, we consider an evolving link between VEGF receptor endocytosis, trafficking, and signaling and their biological function.
High Mobility Strained Ge / SiGe PMOSFETs for High Performance CMOS (2006)

Dramatic hole mobility enhancement of 4-25X has been demonstrated in compressively strained Ge p-channel MOSFETs - the highest mobility enhancement for hole carriers among all available options. This paper reviews the material properties of strained Ge/SiGe and the integration challenges of strained Ge MOSFETs. A compatible process to incorporate high performance strained Ge PMOSFETs into standard CMOS technology is presented.
Biomimetic Syntheses of Isodityrosine Natural Products, and an Approach to Chemistry and Molecular Recognition of Secoaglucovancomycin and Related Oligopeptides. (1997)

The biomimetic oxidation of dihalogenated phenols employing TTN or electrolysis, effected the construction of a diaryl ether linkage, leading to the syntheses of isodityrosine natural products. In particular, the halogen substituents were found to control the oxidation-direction. The vancomycin derivatives were also synthesized, and their interaction to models of bacterial cell wall precursors were observed by NMR techniques, coupled with the theoretical calculations.
Polarisation-independent enhanced scattering by tailoring asymmetric plasmonic systems (2016)

Polarised light provides an efficient way for dynamic control over local optical properties of nanoscale plasmonic structures. Yet many applications that utilise control over the plasmonic near-field would benefit if the plasmonic device maintained the same magnitude of optical response for all polarisations. Here we show that completely asymmetric nanostructures can be designed to exhibit a broadband polarisation-independent and enhanced optical response. We provide both analytical and experimental results on two sets of plasmonic trimer nanostructures consisting of unequal nanodisks/apertures with different gap spacing. We show that, at certain inter-particle separations, enhanced far-field cross sections are independent to the incident polarisation, while still demonstrating nontrivial near-field control.
Statistics of random surfaces (1964)

Th is pa per is prese nted in t\\o distin ct parts. Part 1 begins by giving a number of examples of random surfaces and s ummari zing the var ious a ppli ca t ions of random surface t heory, including appli cations to (a) electrom ag netic scatterin g fr ol11 such surfaces, (b) th e information content of photograp hs, maps, et c. interpreted a s random surfaces. and i mplicati ons for bandwidth compression. This pa rt of the paper w ill a lso summarize the m a jor res ults whi ch ha ve p reviously bee n obtained , a nd wi ll outlin e t he approac hes used to obtain these r es ults. Finally, some int eresti ng add it iona l problems i n this fi eld a re st at ed. P ar t 2 of th e paper is d evoted to n ew r es ult s on the p roperties of random spheri cal smfaces, and the application t o electromagnetic scatteri ng from s uc h s urfaces. These res ult s prima ril y concer n t he st at istics of t he number of specula r points p er unit surface area .
Structural effects on kinetic properties for hydrogen electrode reactions and CO tolerance along Mo-Pt phase diagram (2005)

The effect of structural and surface versus bulk properties of Mo-Pt alloys and intermetallic phases taken along their phase diagram upon kinetic and electrocatalytic features for the cathodic hydrogen evolution (HER) has been thoroughly investigated and displayed. All specimens along Mo-Pt phase diagram in broader reversible potential range feature Volmer-Tafel mechanism with the catalytic recombination of Tafel as the rate-determining step (RDS), while further polarization plot in semi logarithmic (vs. log) system shows Volmer-Heyrowski mechanism with the electrochemical desorption of Heyrowski reaction being the RDS; the extension of the former depends on the degree of MoO3 coverage and blocking active centers of electrode surface. XPS, UPS, XRD and work function characterization of all specimens revealed congenial volcano plots relative to the same dependence in electrocatalysis. As the main observation the most stable and prevailing Pt content specimens feature the best electrocatalytic and kinetic properties. Activated (MoO3 free) MoPt3 and MoPt4 catalysts feature all along the Tafel plot reversible Tafel catalytic reaction as the RDS, and create properties of super-activity within a broader current density range. It has been pointed out that an intermetallic phase with prevailing Mo atomic percentage (MoPt3) features pronounced electrocatalytic properties for the HER.
Drug Metabolism in Drug Design and Development (2009)

American Journal of Therapeutics: September 2009 - Volume 16 - Issue 5 - p 467 doi: 10.1097/MJT.0b013e3181728805
[Changes in antiproteolytic activity in the blood and cervical mucus after superovulation stimulation]. (1993)

The function of proteins, peptides, proteases and inhibitors of proteases in modulations of regulation mechanisms of gonadotrophins during the development of ovarian folicles has not been fully explained up to now. We can see difference reactions of ewes to superovulation stimulations in oestrous and anoestrous periods as shown by the variation of the antiproteolytic activity of blood plasma and cervical mucus. Trypsin is used as a model for serine protease, and trypsin inhibitory activity (TIA) was measured from the reduced rate of trypsin hydrolysis of the chromogenic substrate N-alpha-tosyl-L-arginine-4-nitroanilide (TAPA, Bartík et al., 1974). Full hydrolytic activity was determined as a change in absorbency at 405 nm = 1.0 after ten-minute incubation at 25 degrees C and pH = 8.1, and inhibition was expressed in percentage of full activity. Statistical analyses were performed by Student's t-test. Twenty-three ewes in anoestrus and twenty-eight ewes in oestrus were included in this experiment. They were of the Slovak Merino breed, two to three years old, with the mean live weight of thirty to forty kg. The ewes were treated with Ageline vaginal sponges (20 mg chlorsuperlutin/sponge) to provide for synchronization of ovarian activity, in the interval of eleven to twelve days. After removal of sponges, the ewes were stimulated for superovulation as shown in Tab. I. Heparinized blood plasma samples were stored at -25 degrees C. Low molecular TIA activities were determined in HClO4--treated blood plasma. Samples of cervical mucus were taken on cotton-wool tampons which were evaluated in 0.2 M Tris-HCl buffer, pH = 8.1. Figs. 1-6 shows TIA changes in blood plasma and cervical mucus on particular days. Fig. 7 shows the mean values of controls (I-initial) after synchronization (A) and after stimulation (S). TIA changes were different in anoestrous and oestrous periods. Differences in TIA changes in blood plasma and cervical mucus in oestrous period suggested certain local regulation mechanisms of synthesis and/or secretion of this activity in the cervix. Some values of TIA were maximum at the time of expected heat or ovulation and may be some of the factor(s) which influenced fertility of females after superovulation stimulations.
Study by Synchrotron Radiation of the Structure of a Working Catalyst at High Temperatures and Pressures (1985)

A relation among activity, composition, and structure was determined for a working catalyst by means of a stainless-steel reactor cell of novel design that permitted operation at temperatures and pressures similar to those in industrial reactors. Molybdenum K-edge x-ray absorption spectra were used to probe the structural environment of molybdenum in CoMoS/[unknown]-alumina catalysts while hydro-desulfurization of benzothiophene was proceeding at high temperature and pressure. For catalyst samples with different contents of cobalt, radial structure functions obtained from extended x-ray absorption fine structure data presented the same features as those obtained from the spectra of MoS(2)/[unknown]-alumina reference samples. Moreover, Mo-S and Mo-Mo coordination numbers were maximum for the sample with an atomic ratio of Co to (Co + Mo) of 0.33; this sample was also the most active catalyst tested.
An inverse design method for 3D toroidal gradient coils (2009)

Introduction: Traditional gradient coil design is typically constrained to cylindrical, planar, spherical or conical surfaces. Gradient coil geometry is important in arriving at optimal trade-offs between gradient homogeneity, coil efficiency and inductance [1]. Additional concerns such as the induction of eddy currents and peripheral nerve stimulation, patient claustrophobia and acoustic noise have dictated novel coil structures and design methods (eg [2], [3]). However, these methods ordinarily demand that the geometry of the gradient coils be specified prior to optimisation. While et al. [4] present a method for designing fully 3D transverse gradient coils, in which the precise geometry is obtained as part of the optimisation process. This method solves for a 3D current density vector and obtains coil windings using a priority streamline seeding technique. Results are found to display an interesting general geometric form involving sets of closed loops plus spiral-type coils, and lie approximately on the surfaces of sets of elliptical tori. However, despite displaying excellent gradient homogeneity, coil efficiency is low due to the small number of windings and increasing this number results in an unattractive design in terms of manufacturability. The aim of the subsequent work presented here is to use the 3D windings of [4] as a guide for choosing appropriate elliptical torus current density surfaces for which to repeat the gradient field optimisation. It is envisaged that this will provide a transverse gradient coil with a similar optimal geometric form to that of [4], but one that is easy to manufacture via machine etching and should also offer much greater freedom in regards to optimising the trade-off between coil efficiency, inductance and field error.
Interactions between polymer chains and magnetic nanoparticles in dilute solutions and ferrogel networks (2004)

Poster
Effects of energy and protein nutritionin the dam on embryonic development (2014)

This review highlights the importance of energy and protein nutrition of the dam on embryo production and embryo development. Fertility is reduced by greater negative energy balance post-partum as manifest by reductions in fertility and embryo quality associated with lower body condition score (BCS) but particularly with greater postpartum loss of BCS. In addition, excessive energy intake, particularly from high carbohydrate diets can reduce fertilization and embryo quality in some but not all circumstances. High protein diets have been found to reduce embryo quality by day 7 after breeding, possibly due to greater blood urea nitrogen, however this negative effect is not observed in all studies. Sufficient circulating concentrations of amino acids, particularly rate-limiting amino acids such as methionine and lysine are critical for optimal milk production. The rate-limiting amino acids may also impact embryonic development, perhaps through improved amino acid profiles in the uterine lumen. Methionine may also have direct epigenetic effects in the embryo by methylation of DNA. Future studies are needed to replicate previously observed positive and negative effects of energy, excess protein, and amino acid supplementation in order to provide further insight into how embryonic development can be rationally manipulated using nutritional strategies.
A novel mutation of the<scp>GATA</scp>site in the erythroid cell‐specific regulatory element of the<i><scp>ABO</scp></i>gene in a blood donor with the A<sub>m</sub>B phenotype (2014)

The Am and Bm phenotypes are characterized by weak expression of the A or B antigens, respectively, by red blood cells with a normal expression by the saliva of secretors. Deletion of the regulatory element in the first intron of the ABO gene and disruption of the GATA motif in the element were found to be responsible. In this study, we identified a novel mutation within the GATA motif (G>C substitution at position c.28 + 5830) in the regulatory element of the A allele that might diminish transcription activity causing the generation of the Am B phenotype.
On-line analysis of cracking in cortical bone under wedge penetration (2012)

Understanding the mechanism of crack propagation during bone cutting is necessary for the development of realistic bone cutting models. This article studies the on-line fractural behaviour of cortical bone caused by penetration with a sharp metallic wedge mounted on an on-line loading stage within an X-ray microfocus computed tomography system. The experimental results demonstrated anisotropy in crack propagation depending on the penetration direction with regard to the longitudinal bone axis and relate the crack growth to the extent of penetration. Scanning electron microscopy is performed to analyse the mechanism of cracking in the two phase microstructure of compact bone.
Evaluation of Evapotranspiration from Eddy Covariance Using Large Weighing Lysimeters (2019)

Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important component in the water budget and used extensively in water resources management such as water planning and irrigation scheduling. In semi-arid regions, irrigation is used to supplement limited and erratic growing season rainfall to meet crop water demand. Although lysimetery is considered the most accurate method for crop water use measurements, high-precision weighing lysimeters are expensive to build and operate. Alternatively, other measurement systems such as eddy covariance (EC) are being used to estimate crop water use. However, due to numerous explicit and implicit assumptions in the EC method, an energy balance closure problem is widely acknowledged. In this study, three EC systems were installed in a field containing a large weighing lysimeter at heights of 2.5, 4.5, and 8.5 m. Sensible heat flux (H) and ET from each EC system were evaluated against the lysimeter. Energy balance closure ranged from 64% to 67% for the three sensor heights. Results showed that all three EC systems underestimated H and consequently overestimated ET; however, the underestimation of H was greater in magnitude than the overestimation of ET. Analysis showed accuracy of ET was greater than energy balance closure with error rates of 20%–30% for half-hourly values. Further analysis of error rates throughout the growing season showed that energy balance closure and ET accuracy were greatest early in the season and larger error was found after plants reached their maximum height. Therefore, large errors associated with increased biomass may indicate unaccounted-for energy stored in the plant canopy as one source of error. Summing the half-hourly data to a daily time-step drastically reduced error in ET to 10%–15%, indicating that EC has potential for use in agricultural water management.
Pyrrolidine‐5,5‐trans‐lactams as Novel Mechanism‐Based Inhibitors of Human Cytomegalovirus Protease. Part 3. Potency and Plasma Stability. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A study of bidirectional active and reactive power exchange and of the harmonic distortion in GTO thyristors rectifiers (1990)

The high power AC-DC thyristor converters highly disturb the AC supply source. They necessarily consume reactive power and their power factor becomes poorer as the DC output voltage decreases. Furthermore they generate a big amount of current harmonics on the AC line. This harmonic disturbance is all the more important as the line short circuit power has a small value. The usual efficient solution is the use of costly and bulky harmonic filters or reactive power compensator. The authors propose a force-commutated converter structure in order to solve these problems. This set-up allows an independent control of active and reactive power exchange between AC line and DC load, as well as the control of harmonic distortion of AC variables. They consider the operating principle of the converter and discuss the results of numerical simulation. They compare this converter with a conventional converter.
Isolation, Structure, and Activity of GID, a Novel α4/7-Conotoxin with an Extended N-terminal Sequence (2003)

Using assay-directed fractionation of Conus geographus crude venom, we isolated alpha-conotoxin GID, which acts selectively at neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Unlike other neuronally selective alpha-conotoxins, alpha-GID has a four amino acid N-terminal tail, gamma-carboxyglutamate (Gla), and hydroxyproline (O) residues, and lacks an amidated C terminus. GID inhibits alpha 7 and alpha 3 beta 2 nAChRs with IC(50) values of 5 and 3 nm, respectively and is at least 1000-fold less potent at the alpha 1 beta 1 gamma delta, alpha 3 beta 4, and alpha 4 beta 4 combinations. GID also potently inhibits the alpha 4 beta 2 subtype (IC(50) of 150 nm). Deletion of the N-terminal sequence (GID Delta 1-4) significantly decreased activity at the alpha 4 beta 2 nAChR but hardly affected potency at alpha 3 beta 2 and alpha 7 nAChRs, despite enhancing the off-rates at these receptors. In contrast, Arg(12) contributed to alpha 4 beta 2 and alpha 7 activity but not to alpha 3 beta 2 activity. The three-dimensional structure of GID is well defined over residues 4-19 with a similar motif to other alpha-conotoxins. However, despite its influence on activity, the tail appears to be disordered in solution. Comparison of GID with other alpha 4/7-conotoxins which possess an NN(P/O) motif in loop II, revealed a correlation between increasing length of the aliphatic side-chain in position 10 (equivalent to 13 in GID) and greater alpha 7 versus alpha 3 beta 2 selectivity.
Germinação de sementes e emergência de plântulas de Pueraria phaseoloides (ROXB.) Benth e de Urena lobata L. (2002)

Neste trabalho, analisaram-se os efeitos das temperaturas constantes (20; 25; 30; 35 e 40 °C) e alternadas (20-40; 25-40; 20-35 e 25-35 °C), da luz (0; 6; 12; 18 e 24 horas) e dos estresses osmótico (0,0; -0,3; -0,6; -0,9 a-1,2 MPa) e salino (0; 25; 75; 150 e 300 mM), e da profundidade de semeadura (0; 2; 4; 6; 8 e 10 cm) sobre a germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação e emergência de plântulas de puerária e de malva. As sementes de puerária germinaram, satisfatoriamente, sob condições de temperaturas constantes e alternadas. Para a malva, a temperatura constante de 40 °C foi restritiva à germinação e, nas temperaturas alternadas, a germinação foi superior a 85%. Não houve efeito do tempo de duração da luz. As sementes de malva apresentaram maior germinação em condições de estresse osmótico e foram mais tolerantes à salinidade. As sementes de puerária tiveram maior capacidade para emergir a profundidades que variaram de 0 a 10 cm.
CAUSE OF PINHOLES AND SOME RELATED DEFECTS IN ENAMEL COATINGS ON CAST IRON* (1941)

A bstract The confusion in identifying hydrogen as the predominating cause of certain defects in enamel on cast iron has been due largely to the close association of carbon and hydrogen in cast iron and steel. The principal relation of carbide and graphite to enameling defects is the release of hydrogen from the carbon during enamel firing. The much‐discussed “chill layer” therefore is important chiefly because this layer often contains hydrogen that is bound to the carbon in the cementite. Experiments show that when hydrogen is absent, regardless of the depth or nature of the surface chill, no pinholing or blistering results during firing at 725°C. Sources of the hydrogen that causes the defacement are found chiefly in melting and in casting. The low oxygen pressure of molten cast iron favors hydrogen absorption. Moisture in the atmosphere, in the charge, or chemically combined in the rust on scrap provides the greatest quantities of the gas, and moisture and organic materials in the mold are also prolific sources of hydrogen for absorption by the iron. At ordinary temperatures, rusting is often harmful. Flushing the melt with a dry, hydrogen‐free gas, such as nitrogen, removes the dissolved hydrogen, and defects during subsequent enameling will not occur unless hydrogen is obtained later from other sources. Chipping phenomena probably are caused chiefly by hydrogen effusion, just as are analogous defects in sheet‐steel enameling.
TGV-SICOMAT, Couches minces déposées à très grande vitesse pour le PV dans l'habitat (2008)

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