gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Changes in the levels of glutathione in phagocytosing human neutrophils (1980)

Abstract The tripeptide γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine, or glutathione, protects cells against oxidative damage by its ability to react with free radicals and peroxides. From studies with human neutrophilic granulocytes deficient in glutathione metabolism, it is known that the protection by this compound is essential for the proper functioning of these cells. Previous studies have yielded conflicting estimates of reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in human neutrophils. We have optimized three independent assays to measure glutathione in about 106 human neutrophils. With these methods we have measured the level of GSH and GSSG at rest, during phagocytosis, and during incubation of the cells with a hydrogen-peroxide-generating system. GSH was measured as a rate-limiting cofactor in the formaldehyde dehydrogenase reaction, in the nonspecific colorimetric reaction with 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobθnzoic acid) after cell extraction with sulfuric acid, and in the latter reaction coupled to the glutathione reductase reaction. The first two methods gave falsely high values for GSH; other sulfhydryl compounds probably contributed to the result. With the third method, which measures the sum of GSH plus GSSG, 14.2 ± 2.2 nmole GSH + GSSG/107 neutrophils (mean ± SD, n = 21) were found. GSSG was measured in the glutathione-reductase-coupled reaction after binding GSH to N-ethylmaleimide, followed by separation of GSSG from free N-ethylmaleimide over Sephadex G-10. A level of 0.6 ± 0.8 nmole/107 neutrophils (mean ± SD, n = 12) was found. Subtraction of this value from the value for GSH + GSSG leads to an estimation of about 13 nmole GSH/107 neutrophils. During phagocytosis, the level of GSH decreased by about 30% in 15 min. This decrease was dependent on the generation of reactive oxygen compounds, because it was not observed in the neutrophils of a patient with chronic granulomatous disease. The amount of GSSG did not increase proportionally: only about 40% of the GSH that disappeared was recovered as GSSG. From the stability of the GSH levels during phagocytosis (when large amounts of oxidative products are generated) and during incubation of neutrophils with an H2O2-generating system, we conclude that these cells have a large capacity to keep glutathione in the reduced form. Thus, the glutathione redox system comprises a very potent system for protection of phagocytic leukocytes against oxidative stress.
Monobenzylation Of 1,<i>n</i>-Diols via Dibutylstannylene Intermediates (1997)

Abstract Symmetrical primary l,n-diols, HO(CH2)nOH, of any chain length from n = 2-10, can be selectively monobenzylated via sequential treatment with dibutyltin oxide and benzyl bromide.
Lunar Concrete Construction Requires New Value System and Concepts (1991)

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Kinetic Evaluation of Positron-Emitting Muscarinic Receptor Ligands Employing Direct Intracarotid Injection (1996)

The development and characterization of new receptor ligands for in vivo binding assays are often both lengthy and expensive. It is therefore desirable to predict the suitability of a ligand early in the process of its evaluation. In the present study, compartmental analysis following intracarotid ligand injection in the monkey is used to evaluate the in vivo kinetics of the muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonists [11C]tropanyl benzilate ([11C]TRB) and [11C]N-methylpiperidyl benzilate ([11C]NMPB). Animals were implanted with chronic subcutaneous access ports and indwelling catheters with tips located in the common carotid artery, just proximal to its bifurcation. The external carotid artery was ligated to ensure selective tracer delivery through the internal carotid artery to the brain. Positron emission tomography was used to measure brain tissue time-activity curves following tracer injections. CBF was estimated from the clearance of [15O]H2O, and receptor ligand distributions were analyzed according to a physiologic model consisting of an intravascular compartment and nonspecific plus free and receptor-bound tissue ligand compartments. In [11C]TRB studies, marked reductions in the forward ligand-receptor binding rate and in both the total and the specific binding tissue-to-plasma volumes of ligand distribution were observed after scopolamine receptor blockade or with low administered specific activity. Conversely, neither the distribution volume of the nonspecific plus free ligand compartment nor the rate of ligand dissociation from receptor sites was affected. In [11C]NMPB studies, tissue compartments describing specific binding and nonsaturable components could not be reliably separated. The receptor-related term in this case, the total tissue-to-plasma distribution volume, demonstrated reduction after low specific activity ligand injection. Comparison of the two ligands suggests that NMPB interacts more rapidly with the receptors and has a lower apparent volume of distribution than does TRB. Thus, NMPB may be the more suitable ligand if accurate estimates of binding dissociation rate are limited by temporal constraints or if simplified, one-tissue-compartment analyses are used. The carotid injection method appears promising for the initial evaluation of ligand kinetics, permitting physiologic compartmental analyses without measurement of input functions or chromatography of blood samples.
Optimum GF(2 N ) encoders using left-circulate function for PSK-TCM schemes (2009)

In this paper, phase shift keying – trellis coded modulation (PSK-TCM) schemes are designed using recursive systematic convolutional (RSC) encoders over Galois field GF(2 N). These encoders are designed using the nonlinear leftcirculate (LCIRC) function. The LCIRC function performs a bit left circulation over the representation word. Different encoding rates are obtained for these encoders when using different representation wordlengths at the input and the output, denoted as Nin and N, respectively. A generalized 1-delay GF(2 N) RSC encoder scheme using LCIRC is proposed for performance analysis and optimization, for any possible encoding rate, Nin/N. The minimum Euclidian distance is estimated for these PSK-TCM schemes and a general expression is found as a function of the wordlengths Nin and N. The symbol error rate (SER) is estimated by simulation for PSK-TCM transmissions over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. 1.
A case of Wegener's granulomatosis on maintenance hemodialysis with reference to the clinical significance of C-ANCA. (1994)

Wegener肉芽腫症を原病とし, 8年間維持透析中の患者 (54歳, 女) を報告する. 急速進行性糸球体腎炎による腎不全のため透析に導入し, 全身関節痛とリウマトイド因子高値のため副腎皮質ステロイドを投与していた. 6年後副鼻腔炎に罹患, 8年後四肢の丘疹, 紫斑が出現, さらに水疱, 潰瘍に進展したため, 入院精査した. 腎・副鼻腔粘膜・皮膚の生検から, Wegener肉芽腫症と確診した. 経過中, 肺病変を伴わなかった. C-ANCAは, 入院時には88単位と高値であったが, 副腎皮質ステロイド増量による皮膚症状の軽快に伴って, 24単位に減少した. C-ANCAは, Wegener肉芽腫症の診断と治療効果の指標として有用であった.
Rhodiumkatalysierte Zweiphasenhydroformylierung von n-Hex-1-en mit Sulfons�uresalzen des Tris(4-fluorphenyl)phosphins als wasserl�sliche Komplexliganden (1994)

Rhodium-catalyzed Two-phase Hydroformylation of Hex-1-ene with Sulfonated Tris(4-fluorophenyl)phosphine as Water-soluble Complex Ligands Tris(4-fluorophenyl)phosphine (TFPP) was prepared from 1-bromo-4-fluoro-benzene in 35% yield. This phosphine was quantitatively sulfonated by using a H2SO4-SO3 mixture containing 25,5% SO3 and a 14-fold excess of SO3 to phosphine. The desired product was the trisodium salt of the trisulfonated tris(4-fluorophenyl)phosphine (TFPPTS). After 410 hours of sulfonation, hydrolysis and pH-selective separation, the resulting mixture contained 6% TFPPTS and 94% disodium salt of the disulfonated tris(4-fluorphenyl)phosphine (TFPPDS). Hex-1-ene was hydroformylated in a two-phase system by using the water-soluble catalytic systems Rh4(CO)12 with a mixture of 94% TFPPDS + 6% TFPPTS and Rh4(CO)12 with the trisodium salt of trisulfonated triphenylphosphine (TPPTS). The TFPP or TFPPTS ligand possesses a stronger π-acidity than the TPP or TPPTS and at low P/Ph-ratios higher selectivities to linear aldehydes are achieved with the Rh/TFPP or Rh/TFPPDS + TFPPTS than with the Rh/TPP or Rh/TPPTS catalytic system. The Rh/TFPPDS + TFPPTS complex is quantitatively recovered by simple separation of the aqueous layer from the organic layer which contains the substrate and the products.
Correlation of structural quality with superconducting behavior in epitaxial thin films of Ba2YCu3O7−δ on LaAlO3(100) (1991)

The correlations between structural quality and superconducting behavior in 1000-Å-thick Ba2YCu3O7−δ (BYCO) films grown on LaAlO3(100) from the coevaporation of BaF2, Y, and Cu, followed by an optimized ex situ annealing process are reported. Epitaxial films with smooth, laminar morphology and excellent crystallinity can be grown to have critical current density Jc values nearly identical to single crystals. This finding contrasts with the typical observation that Jc values in thin films of BYCO are very high compared to those of single crystals. This is attributed to a greater density of flux pinning sites due to structural defects within the films. The most crystalline films presented here have penetration length λ∼2000 Å with temperature dependencies described well by the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) theory. Material disorder of two types can be controlled by the high-temperature stage Ta of the annealing process. The first type is point defects and dislocations the same size or smaller than the coherence length ξab, which Rutherford backscattering/channeling suggests decrease in number with increasing Ta. The second is crevices, pinholes, and microcracks, which are at least one to two orders of magnitude larger than ξab. At Ta &lt; 850 °C, crevices, which create areas of nonuniform thickness, occur due to incomplete epitaxial growth and correlate with the presence of weak links. Hence film resistivity is high, Tc is low, and λ is large. As Ta is increased, the film morphology becomes smoother and all electrical properties improve, except for Jc in nonzero applied magnetic fields, since the improved epitaxy correlates with reduced flux pinning. By Ta= 900 °C, the BYCO films are similar to single crystals in both cation alignment and Jc behavior. Above this annealing temperature, pinholes and microcracks develop and increase in both size and density with increasing Ta. Although these relatively large defects do not act as weak links, they do affect magnetic screening (and hence λ), to result in an anomalous temperature dependence that masks the intrinsic BCS behavior.
Complexes of Tungsten(III) (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComplexes of Tungsten(III)Hans B. Jonassen, Stanley Cantor, and Alexandre R. TarseyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 2, 271–272Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01583a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01583a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views119Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Continuous Passive Motion Stimulates Repair of Rabbit Knee Articular Cartilage After Matrix Proteoglycan Loss (1994)

Continuous passive motion facilitates repair of full-thickness defects in the articular cartilage in rabbits. Studies were conducted to determine whether continuous passive motion would similarly affect the repair process after injection of chymopapain into the rabbit knee. Adolescent rabbits were injected with chymopapain and then given intermittent active motion in the form of free cage activity or continuous passive motion of the injected knee. After injection of either 0.2 or 2 mg chymopapain into the knee, serum keratan sulfate levels rose sharply, indicating proteoglycan loss, and, in all cases, peaked at 24 hours between 200-800% of preinjection levels. Importantly, serum keratan sulfate levels were significantly elevated within 1 hour when joints were submitted to immediate continuous passive motion after the injection. As shown previously, injection of either 0.2 or 2 mg chymopapain into the knee, followed by intermittent active motion, resulted in a pronounced loss of proteoglycans by Day 2, partial restoration of proteoglycans by Day 9, continued proteoglycan synthesis by Day 21 in animals receiving the lower dose, and severe degenerative changes by Day 21 in animals receiving the higher dose. In all animals that received either high or low doses of chymopapain, as well as 2 days of intermittent active motion and then continuous passive motion, the articular cartilage surface was intact by Day 9, and replenishment of proteoglycans had occurred in pericellular and interterritorial areas. By Day 21, the surface of the articular cartilage was still intact, and replenishment of proteoglycans in loaded regions continued in all animals receiving either dose of chymopapain. These results indicate that a period of intermittent active motion followed by continuous passive motion of a chymopapain injected knee may protect and stimulate repair of the articular cartilage matrix after chymopapain-induced injury.
Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (C4H11NO3) Induced a Ripple Phase in Supported Unilamellar Phospholipid Bilayers (1994)

A commonly used buffer compound, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (C4H11NO3), was found to induce a ripple phase in supported unilamellar phospholipid bilayers at room temperature. The ripple structure showed various types of domains that could extend to several micrometers in length with many well-defined bendings of either 120 degrees or 60 degrees. Two different periodic ripples were found to coexist in 1,2-dipentadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine bilayers. Some intermediate states during the transition to the ripple phase were also observed.
Reinforced cytotoxicity of lymphokine-activated killer cells toward glioma cells by transfection with the tumor necrosis factor-α gene (1993)

Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells generated from peripheral blood lymphocytes incubated with recombinant interleukin-2 were transfected with the human tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha gene by means of novel liposomes with a positive change on their surface. The cells secreted significant amounts of TNF-alpha into the culture medium and exhibited reinforcement of cytotoxicity toward a human glioma cell line (U251-SP), being three times more cytotoxic than nontransfected LAK cells. The mechanism for the reinforcement of cytotoxicity is considered to involve not only an increase in TNF-alpha secretion from LAK cells but also its expression on their surface. Intratumoral or intrathecal injection of LAK cells transfected with the TNF-alpha gene may be useful for the treatment of patients with malignant gliomas.
Action of Isologous Bone Marrow From Urethan-Treated C57BL/6 Mice on Radiation Leukemogenesis<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref> (1964)

Bone-marrow cell suspensions from isologous mice pretreated with urethan were as effective in inhibiting radiation leukemogenesis in C57BL/6 mice as bone marrow from normal mice of the same strain. The results support earlier findings, by a different method of testing, from which it was concluded that the promoting effect of urethan in leukemogenesis did not depend on inactivation of the bone marrow. Females appeared to develop leukemia more readily than males in 2 groups of irradiated mice that were subsequently treated with bone marrow. The possible significance of this finding is discussed.
Tuning the properties of PS–PIAT block copolymers and their assembly into polymersomes (2008)

The diblock copolymer polystyrene-b-polyisocyanoalanine(2-thiophene-3-yl-ethyl)amide (PS-PIAT) was prepared by reacting the isocyanide monomer (1) with a Ni(ii) initiator complex prepared from polystyrene amine (PS40NH2), either obtained by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) or anionic polymerization (AP). It was found that polymerization of optically pure 1 followed first-order kinetics in monomer concentration and resulted in the formation of insoluble block copolymers, whereas the rate of polymerization of optical mixtures of 1 was retarded and yielded block copolymers that were better soluble. Furthermore, PS-PIAT polymersomes of which the PS-block was prepared by AP were more stable than polymersomes of which the PS-block was prepared by ATRP, as was indicated by combined turbidity and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements on the aggregate solutions.
Error signal artifact in apertureless scanning near-field optical microscopy (2006)

Apertureless scanning near-field optical microscopy is a method for obtaining subwavelength optical images of nanostructures. However, great care must be taken to avoid artifactual images. We report on one artifact related to the error signal in cantilever vibration amplitude when operating in tapping mode atomic force microscopy. The artifact is described experimentally and modeled by electromagnetic calculations based on the finite element method. We report specific steps to identify and avoid this artifact with experimental results on gold nanostructures. It is suggested that future apertureless scanning near-field optical microscopy studies verify that optical image does not correlate with error signal.
Two mutatedHEXA alleles in a Druze patient with late-infantile Tay-Sachs disease (1997)

Two affected HEXA alleles were found in an Israeli Druze Tay-Sachs child born to first-cousin parents. His paternal allele contained two adjacent changes in exon 5: delta496C, which resulted in a frameshift and premature termination codon 96 nucleotides downstream, and 498C-->G, a silent mutation. The maternal allele had a 835T-->C transition in exon 8 (S279P). Phosphoimaging quantitation of the parents' RNAs showed that the steady-state levels of mRNAs of the mutant exons 5 and 8 were 5% and 50%, respectively, of normal levels. The exon 5 mutated allele with the premature translation termination resulted in severe deficiency of Hex A. Transient expression of the exon 8 mutated alpha-chain cDNA in COS-1 cells resulted in deficiency of enzymatic activity. The child exhibited a late-infantile-type disease.
Role of sulfur in catalytic reforming of hydrocarbons on platinum-rhenium/alumina (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRole of sulfur in catalytic reforming of hydrocarbons on platinum-rhenium/aluminaGarry M. Bickle, Jorge N. Beltramini, and Duong D. DoCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1990, 29, 9, 1801–1807Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00105a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00105a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views245Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Wave propagation theory in double-porosity medium and experimental analysis on seismic responses (2010)

To investigate elastic waves' propagation laws in a heterogeneous fluid-solid 2-phase medium,this paper derived the wave propagation equations in a double-porosity model.The mathematical and physical basis and the practical significance of this theory are discussed in four aspects:model design,theoretical derivation,velocity dispersion and attenuation analysis and rock experiment verification.The velocity dispersion and attenuation analysis shows double-porosity wave theory is in good agreement with former theoretical results in all wave's characteristics.Comparisons with former theories in rock experiment verifications show that the double-porosity wave theory can provide much better prediction for the moderate-low frequency wave velocity dispersion in actual rocks.
Famotidine: Nocturnal Administration for Gastric Ulcer Healing (1985)

We conducted an 8-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter trial (Austria and Germany) to determine whether famotidine would speed healing or relief of symptoms in patients with benign gastric ulcer. Of the 65 patients who completed the trial, 32 received famotidine 40 mg once at night, and 33 received placebo. At 4, 6, and 8 weeks after entry, ulcers had healed in a larger percentage of patients treated with famotidine than in those treated with placebo (German multicenter trial: 65 vs. 46%, 95 vs. 71%, and 95 vs. 79%; Austrian multicenter trial: 42 vs. 44%, 67 vs. 44%, and 92 vs. 44%). In the famotidine group, healing had occurred significantly more often after 6 weeks (p less than 0.05). Famotidine was not superior to placebo in relieving ulcer symptoms. The findings suggest that famotidine in a single evening dose significantly hastens the healing of benign gastric ulcers.
Synthesis of a new class of isothiocyanatopeptide bifunctional chelating agents for coupling to monoclonal antibodies (1996)

The preparation of a new class of isothiocyanatopeptide bifunctional chelating agents, Boc-glycyl-L-(p-NCS)phenylalanylglycylglycine ethyl ester 1, N-(S-acetylmercaptoacetyl)-L-(p-NCS)phenylalanylglycylglycine ethyl ester 2, and N-(S-acetylmercaptoacetyl)glycyl-L-(p-NCS)phenylalanylglycine ethyl ester 3, starting from Boc-L-(p-nitro)phenylalanine 5 is described. The key intermediates, nitropeptides 7, 8 and 12, were prepared by standard DCC coupling and a deprotection procedure. The nitropeptides 7 and 12 on condensation with N-succinimidyl-S-acetylthioacetate provided a good yield of the corresponding S-(acetylmercaptoacetyl)nitropeptides 10 and 13, respectively. Catalytic hydrogenolysis of compounds 8, 10 and 13, followed by thiophosgenyation gave 28-95% yield of target products 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Compounds 1-3 were conjugated to the monoclonal antibody D612 reactive with human colon carcinoma using 12/1 to 60/1 ligand to antibody molar ratios, and the conjugates were labeled with 99mTc. The in vitro cell binding results of these immunoconjugates demonstrate that they retained their antibody binding specificity.