gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of areal density in the ablators of inertial-confinement-fusion capsules <i>via</i> detection of ablator (n, n′γ) gamma-ray emission (2013)

We report the first gamma-ray-based measurements of the areal density of ablators in inertial-confinement-fusion capsule implosions. The measurements, made at the OMEGA laser [T. R. Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)], used observations of gamma rays arising from inelastic scattering of 14.1-MeV deuterium-tritium (DT) neutrons on 12C nuclei in the compressed plastic ablators. The emission of 12C(n,n′γ) gamma rays from the capsules is detected using the Gamma Reaction History instrument [H. W. Herrmann et al., J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 244, 032047 (2010)] operating at OMEGA. From the ratio of a capsule's 12C(n,n′γ) emission to the emission from the same processes in an in situ reference graphite “puck” of known mass and geometry [N. M. Hoffman et al., in IFSA 2011 proceedings (submitted)], we determine the time-averaged areal density of 12C in the capsule's compressed ablator. Measured values of total ablator areal density for thirteen imploded capsules, in the range 23 ± 10 to 58 ± 14 mg/cm2, are comparable to values calculated in 1D radiation-hydrodynamic simulations, and measured by charged-particle techniques.
Expression of membrane-type 5 matrix metalloproteinase in human endometrium and endometriosis (2007)

Our microarray analysis and real-time PCR of MT5-MMP transcripts may point to an elevated tissue remodeling and cell migration in endometrium from endometriosis patients as implied by the function of related MMPs.
Root-mediated signal transmission of systemic acquired resistance against above-ground and below-ground pathogens (2016)

Background and Aims Plants modulate defence signalling networks in response to various biotic stresses via inter-organ communications. The root-mediated transmission of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) against soil-borne and air-borne plant pathogens from SAR-induced plants to neighbouring plants subjected to local chemical and pathogen treatments was evaluated. Methods The first two plants out of ten Nicotiana benthamiana seedlings were pre-treated with the SAR-triggering chemical benzothiadiazole (BTH). All ten seedlings were then challenged with two pathogenic bacteria, i.e. the root (bacterial wilt) pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum and the leaf (wildfire) pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci, at 7 d after SAR induction. Key Results Disease severity was noticeably lower in BTH-pre-treated plants than in the control. Surprisingly, two plants located next to BTH-treated plants exhibited reduced disease symptoms indicating that SAR signal transmission occurred through the root system. Determinant(s) secreted from the root system were search for and it was found that salicylic acid (SA) is a major molecule involved in SAR transmission through the root. Analysis of the expression of the defence-related genes N. benthamiana pathogenesis-related gene 1a (NbPR1a) and NbPR2 confirmed that BTH treatment elicited SAR via root-root transmission between plants. Plants with knock-down of the multiple resistance component SGT1 and SA biosynthesis-related gene ICS1 by Tobacco rattle virus-mediated virus-induced gene silencing exhibited a lack of root-mediated SAR transmission. The biological relevance of this finding was validated by challenge with the SAR-inducing avirulent pathogen P. syringae pv. syringae instead of BTH, which produced similar results. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that SAR is transmissible through the root system from SAR-triggered plants to neighbouring plants.
The Excystment of Trichinella larvae in Artificial Gastric Juice (1937)

By feeding infected flesh to experimental animals, and examining the stomach contents of the latter at varying periods after feeding, various workers have shown that Trichinella larvae are released from their cysts within one or two hours after reaching the stomach of the experimental host. (Bugge, 1934, Heller, 1933, 1934, Kreis, 1937.) The actual release of the larvae from the cysts has not been followed, though Kreis (1937) on the basis of the appearance of stained cysts recovered a short time after ingestion, suggests that the larvae are released not only by the action of the gastric juice of the host, but also as a result of secretory activity by the larvae themselves within the cysts.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of 8-deazahomofolic acid and its tetrahydro derivative (1988)

The syntheses of 8-deazahomofolic acid and its tetrahydro derivative, potential inhibitors of thymidylate synthase (TS) and other folate related enzymes, are described. Wittig condensation of 2-acetamido-6-formyl-4-pyrimidinol with the triphenylphosphine ylide 3 derived from N-acetyl-4-(p-carbethoxyanilino)-1-chloro-2-butanone, hydrogenation of the enone intermediate 5, introduction of a 5-amino group via diazonium coupling, and reductive ring closure yielded ethyl N11-acetyl-8-deazahomopteroate (8). Alkaline hydrolysis gave 8-deazahomopteroic acid, which was blocked as the 11-trifluoroacetyl derivative, coupled with diethyl L-glutamate, and the blocking groups saponified to afford 8-deazahomofolic acid (12). Hydrogenation of the glutamate diester intermediate and subsequent saponification yielded the tetrahydro-8-deazahomofolate (14). Growth inhibition of Streptococcus faecium, Lactobacillus casei, and L1210 cells in culture by the target compounds was modest. They were also weak inhibitors of thymidylate synthase, dihydrofolate reductase, glycinamide-ribonucleotide transformylase, and aminoimidazolecarboxamide ribonucleotide transformylase. In contrast, 8-deazafolate showed moderate inhibition of aminoimidazolecarboxamide ribonucleotide transformylase, suggesting that inhibition of this enzyme may be related to its cytotoxic action. Tetrahydro-8-deazahomofolate showed low substrate activity with thymidylate synthase.
Assay of total estradiol receptor in tissue homogenate and tissue fractions by exchange with sodium thiocyanate at low temperature (1981)

After injection of radioactive estradiol to ovariectomized rats, the [3H]estradiol--receptor complex transferred to the nuclei can be solubilized by low concentrations of NaSCN. The extraction by NaSCN is significantly more efficient than that obtained by KCl and is, in fact, complete; i.e., no radioactivity can be found in the nuclei after extraction. Since NaSCN also induces the exchange of receptor-bound estradiol with free hormone [Sica, V., Puca, G. A., Molinari, A. M., Buonaguro, F. M., & Bresciani, F. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 83], a simple assay method has been set up which measures receptor in tissue and tissue fractions, including nuclei and whole homogenate, at 0--4 degrees C, irrespective of whether the receptor is or is not interacting with endogenous hormone. The procedure consists of a simple incubation step at 0--4 degrees C overnight (16 h) of the nuclear fraction, cytosol, and a total homogenate in the presence of excess radioactive estradiol and 0.5 M NaSCN. This method is very easy to carry out, accurate, and precise and avoids the loss of binding sites which results from the heating procedures utilized in other methods. The ability to measure the binding in both the soluble and the particulate fractions of rat uterus permits the determination of the rate of the cytoplasmic to nuclear transfer of estrogen after injection of various hormone concentrations. No nuclear transfer was observed after administration of other nonestrogen hormones such as progesterone, testosterone, or hydrocortisone while a nonsteroid antiestrogen, tamoxifen, was able to translocate the receptor. It was found that 2 h after injection of estradiol into ovariectomized rats total receptor content of uterus shows a decrease which is proportional to the amount of hormone injected. After injection of a hyperphysiological dose of 17 beta-estradiol, a certain amount of the receptor--hormone complex remains in the cytosol for at least 4 h. The nuclear turnover of estradiol receptor related to the progesterone receptor induction has been studied. Actinomycin D and cycloheximide prevent nuclear processing.
ChemInform Abstract: Redetermination of the Iron—Zinc Phase FeZn<sub>13</sub>. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Temperature Measurements during Shock Compaction of Powders. (1998)

The measurement of the temperature history of a powder during the shock compaction process requires a very fast measuring principle. Since the response time of normal thermocouples is too slow for the extremely fast temperature changes occurring in the shock compression of powders, here thermocouples formed by the powder to be compacted are used. The temperature measurements are performed in the cylindrical configuration. Copper and constantan powders are used in the development of the measuring technique. This resulted in measurements of the temperature history in these metallic materials. To be able to investigate whether the temperature history during the shock compaction of ceramics differs from that of metals, two ceramic materials TiB2 and WC) were selected to be used as a powder thermocouple for future work.
Application of Ultrasonic Modeling to the Positioning of Defects in a Cladded Component (2004)

Accurate positioning and sizing of defects is a strong requirement for ultrasonic non destructive examination. In complex configurations, this positioning can be greatly improved by using results of simulation. In the case investigated here, the complexity arises from the austenitic cladding of the inspected part: Its surface presents irregularities which may disturb the ultrasonic beam and consequently make difficult the positioning of the defect. In addition, the anisotropy of the austenitic cladding has strong effects on detected echo‐structures. In this communication we present a simulation‐helped method developed in the aim of improving the accuracy of crack tips positioning in French nuclear reactor vessels. We describe this method, based on the CIVA modelling tools, and show results of experimental validation.
Hypoxia-Induced Changes in the Mechanical Properties of the Mouse Pulmonary Artery (2003)

Hypobaric hypoxia produces pulmonary hypertension in mice which causes pulmonary vascular remodeling. To study the biomechanics of this process, mice were exposed to hypoxia for 0-(control), 10-, and 15-days. Using a pressurized arteriograph system, mechanical properties of the main pulmonary artery were measured and compared to the biological changes in the vessel wall measured histologically. 10- and 15-day hypoxic vessels were significantly stiffer when compared to 0-day vessels. This stiffness correlated with greater elastin and collagen content in the vessel wall.
MULTI-LEVEL GROUPING GENETIC ALGORITHM FOR LOW CARBON VIRTUAL PRIVATE CLOUDS (2012)

Optimization problem of physical servers consolidation is very important for energy efficiency and cost reduction of data centers. For this type of problems, which can be considered as bin-packing problems, traditional heuristic algorithms such as Genetic Algorithm (GA) are not suitable. Therefore, other heuristic algorithms are proposed instead, such as Grouping Genetic Algorithm (GGA), which are able to preserve the group features of the problem. Although GGA have achieved good results on server consolidation in a given data center, they are weak in optimization of a network of data centers. In this paper, a new grouping genetic algorithm is introduced which is called Multi-Level Grouping Genetic Algorithm (MLGGA), and is designed for multi-level bin packing problems such as optimization of a network of data centers for carbon footprint reduction, energy efficiency, and operation cost reduction. The new MLGGA algorithm is tested on a real world problem in a simulation platform, and its results are compared with the GGA results. The comparison shows a significant increase in the performance achieved by the proposed MLGGA algorithm.
Use Case of Palm Vein Authentication (2019)

Palm veinPalm vein authentication is a veinVein feature authentication technology that uses palm veins as the biometric feature. Palm vein patterns are normally captured using near-infrared light via either the reflection or the transmission methods. In the reflection method, near-infrared rays are emitted towards the palmPalm to be identified and the reflected light is captured for authentication. Because veins are beneath human skin, it is difficult for someone else to copy or steal them, so the palm vein is more secure compared to some other biometric features. Moreover, because palm vein patterns are diverse and complex, they give sufficient information to identify one individual among a large population. As a result, palm veinPalm vein authentication is secure and highly accurate. As a contactless type of biometric identification, it is suitable for use in applications that require a high level of hygiene or for use in public applications. Several banks in Japan have been using palm vein authentication for ATMATM security since July 2004. In addition, palm veins have been used in a variety of applications such as door security systems, loginLogin management systems for PCs, financial servicesFinancial services , payment services and patient identification systems in hospitals. This chapter introduces the technical outline of palm vein authentication and its use casesUse case .
Polymerase Chain Reaction (<scp>PCR</scp>) in Chemical Biology (2008)

Abstract The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a temperature‐controlled technique for amplifying DNA in vitro . It requires a DNA template; two oligodeoxynucleotide primers, which define the DNA to be amplified; the four deoxynucleoside triphosphates; and a thermostable DNA polymerase. PCR is carried out in a thermocycler, in which the DNA is subjected to cycles of denaturation of the double‐stranded DNA template; annealing of the two primers, which are complementary to the two strands of the DNA template; and DNA polymerization (primer extension). Because the product of one cycle serves as the template for the next cycle, PCR leads to the exponential amplification of the initial DNA template, which produces more than a million copies of a homogenous PCR product in 20 cycles. PCR has become an indispensable technique in all life sciences and is used extensively for research and diagnostic purposes. PCR applications include cloning of genomic DNA, preparing DNA for sequencing, site‐directed mutagenesis and recombination, genetic fingerprinting for forensic purposes, detection and identification of infectious agents, prenatal diagnosis of genetic diseases, identification of allelic sequence variations, and gene‐expression analysis.
Peptaibiotics: Fungal Peptides Containing α‐Dialkyl α‐Amino Acids. Edited by Claudio Toniolo and Hans Brückner. (2009)

Helvetica Chimica Acta, Zürich 2009, XII+702 pp., hardcover € 159.00.—ISBN 978-3-906390-52-9
An electronic temporal imaging system for compression and reversal of arbitrary UWB waveforms (2008)

We describe a fully-electronic system for compressing and/or reversing arbitrarily-shaped waveforms in the time-domain using the principles of temporal imaging. The system accepts a arbitrary time-windowed broadband input and outputs a chirped waveform with the same envelope but compressed and/or reversed in time. We present a demonstration of a 3X time-compression and a basic time-reversal on a simple waveform and discuss the challenges and limitations of the proposed technique.
How to grow your own trees from given cut-set or tie-set matrices (1959)

The method recognizes that construction of a tree (and hence the pertinent graph) from a given matrix can be done by inspection once the pattern of its growth has been established. To this end it is only necessary that we have a mechanism, applicable to a given cut-set matrix, which sorts out those rows that correspond to the outermost twigs or tips of the tree, for we can then form an abbridged cut-set matrix corresponding to what is left of the total graph after the tree tips with their uniquely attached links are pruned away. This remainder again has tips which can be found and eliminated in the same way. Continuation thus reveals the desired growth pattern. Since the method cannot fail to yield a graph if its existence is compatible with the structure of the given matrix, it may be regarded as a constructive test for fulfillment of necessary and sufficient conditions.
Caching Strategies Based on Information Density Estimation in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks (2011)

We address cooperative caching in wireless networks, where the nodes may be mobile and exchange information in a peer-to-peer fashion. We consider both cases of nodes with large- and small-sized caches. For large-sized caches, we devise a strategy where nodes, independent of each other, decide whether to cache some content and for how long. In the case of small-sized caches, we aim to design a content replacement strategy that allows nodes to successfully store newly received information while maintaining the good performance of the content distribution system. Under both conditions, each node takes decisions according to its perception of what nearby users may store in their caches and with the aim of differentiating its own cache content from the other nodes'. The result is the creation of content diversity within the nodes neighborhood so that a requesting user likely finds the desired information nearby. We simulate our caching algorithms in different ad hoc network scenarios and compare them with other caching schemes, showing that our solution succeeds in creating the desired content diversity, thus leading to a resource-efficient information access.
Precise localization of genes on large animal virus genomes: use of lambda gt11 and monoclonal antibodies to map the gene for a cytomegalovirus protein family. (1985)

We describe an efficient procedure, which uses monoclonal antibodies directed against specific viral proteins, for the precise mapping of genes on large DNA virus genomes. We have used the technique to locate the gene encoding a family of antigenically related DNA-binding proteins on the 240-kilobase-pair human cytomegalovirus (CMV) genome. A random library of CMV DNA fragments was generated using the prokaryotic vector lambda gt11, which expresses open reading frames as beta-galactosidase fusion proteins in infected Escherichia coli. The library was screened with a mixture of monoclonal antibodies directed against the gene products of interest. The coding sequence for infected cell protein 36 (ICP36) was localized to a 2800-base-pair EcoRI fragment (map coordinates 0.228-0.240) on the CMV(Towne) and CMV(AD169) genomes by using DNA from immunoreactive lambda gt11 as probe. A 5000-nucleotide transcript from this region was detected during the early and late phases of the CMV growth cycle. This transcript directed the synthesis of the predominant member of the ICP36 family when hybrid-selected and translated in vitro. Immunoprecipitation of the in vitro translation product with the same monoclonal antibodies used in the initial mapping confirmed the location of the ICP36 gene. These studies establish the utility of the lambda gt11 expression system for rapid and precise mapping of CMV genes (or other large animal virus genes) that encode proteins for which serological reagents exist.
A 70 nm wide S-band amplifier by cascading TDFA and Raman fibre amplifier (2002)

A hybrid amplifier designed for short wavelength amplification is reported by cascading a Thulium doped fluoride fibre with a discrete Raman amplifier. Gain >20 dB for a bandwidth 1445-1520 nm was achieved.
PROPERTIES OF STAINLESS STEEL-URANIUM DIOXIDE FUEL PLATES (1954)

From abstract: "A method for fabricating 30-in.-long stainless steel - uranium dioxide sheet was developed and the properties of the fabricated sheet were investigated."
Contributions des interactions d'image et de van der waals a l'energie d'adhesion metal/oxyde (1994)

L'adhesion aux interfaces metal-oxyde est etudiee par le biais d'une approche theorique fondee sur des modeles classiques simples, affines de maniere a mieux cerner l'importance relative des contributions d'image et de van der waals. Ce travail est complete par une etude experimentale des premiers stades de la croissance d'un film d'argent sur oxyde de magnesium. Le terme d'image, du a l'interaction entre le reseau ionique de l'oxyde et la partie du champ de madelung reflechie par le metal, est calcule en prenant en compte la dispersion en vecteur d'onde des fonctions dielectriques des deux solides en contact. Les interactions de van der waals sont etudiees au moyen d'un modele de continuum dielectrique qui inclut les contributions des excitations collectives (plasmons). Les valeurs numeriques issues des calculs sont mises en regard des resultats experimentaux disponibles ; une attention particuliere est pretee aux comparaisons avec les deux tendances principales qui se degagent de l'examen global de ces mesures: l'energie d'adhesion augmente avec la densite en electrons de conduction du metal et diminue lorsque la bande interdite de l'oxyde s'elargit. Il apparait que les interactions d'image induisent des contributions relativement faibles, et dont les variations d'un systeme a l'autre sont en desaccord avec l'une des deux tendances mentionnees. En revanche, les contributions des interactions de van der waals apparaissent qualitativement en accord avec les tendances experimentales, ce qui suggere qu'elles interviennent de maniere non negligeable dans la determination des energies d'adhesion. Cette conclusion est discutee, et l'idee d'un modele simple d'adhesion non reactive est suggeree. L'etude combinee du systeme argent/oxyde de magnesium, par spectroscopies de photoelectrons (xps) et de pertes d'energie d'electrons a haute resolution (hreels) montre, en accord avec de recentes etudes par diffraction de rayons x rasants, que la croissance de l'argent se fait par plateaux bidimensionnels lors des premiers stades. Quelques idees sont avancees pour relier ce comportement aux resultats concernant l'adhesion des films epais