gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High- and low-affinity PEGylated hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers: Differential oxidative stress in a Guinea pig transfusion model (2018)

Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) are an investigational replacement for blood transfusions and are known to cause oxidative damage to tissues. To investigate the correlation between their oxygen binding properties and these detrimental effects, we investigated two PEGylated HBOCs endowed with different oxygen binding properties - but otherwise chemically identical - in a Guinea pig transfusion model. Plasma samples were analyzed for biochemical markers of inflammation, tissue damage and organ dysfunction; proteins and lipids of heart and kidney extracts were analyzed for markers of oxidative damage. Overall, both HBOCs produced higher oxidative stress in comparison to an auto-transfusion control group. Particularly, tissue 4-hydroxynonenal adducts, tissue malondialdehyde adducts and plasma 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine exhibited significantly higher levels in comparison with the control group. For malondialdehyde adducts, a higher level in the renal tissue was observed for animals treated with the high-affinity HBOC, hinting at a correlation between the HBOCs oxygen binding properties and the oxidative stress they produce. Moreover, we found that the high-affinity HBOC produced greater tissue oxygenation in comparison with the low affinity one, possibly correlating with the higher oxidative stress it induced.
TIME-DEPENDENT BREAKUP LENGTH OF LIQUID SHEET IN PREFILMING TYPE OF AIRBLAST ATOMIZER (2019)

The aim of this study was to experimentally investigate the effects of prefilmer edge thickness on the time-dependent breakup length of liquid sheet in a prefilming airblast atomizer using a high-speed camera. Five different prefilmer configurations were tested to investigate the effect of widely varying prefilmer edge thickness (160, 500, 1250, 2000, and 3000 μm). The liquid volume flow rate per unit width of a prefilmer was varied from 0.8 to 2.6 cm3/(s·cm), and the air velocity was varied from 33.7 m/s to 83.0 m/s. An effort was made to quantify these effects on the time-dependent breakup length and its predominant frequency using an image processing technique and fast Fourier transform analysis. The experimental results showed that as the prefilmer edge thickness increased, a larger liquid volume accumulated at the prefilmer edge. This resulted in the elongation of the liquid sheet; thus, the breakup length increased and the predominant breakup frequency decreased. At a large liquid flow rate and air velocity, however, a two-dimensional wave, called a roll wave, formed on the prefilmer wall surface and triggered the sheet breakup. In this condition, the predominant breakup frequency is dominated by the roll wave, and the breakup length is influenced by the prefilmer edge thickness.
Manifesto for a European research network into Problematic Usage of the Internet (2018)

The Internet is now all-pervasive across much of the globe. While it has positive uses (e.g. prompt access to information, rapid news dissemination), many individuals develop Problematic Use of the Internet (PUI), an umbrella term incorporating a range of repetitive impairing behaviours. The Internet can act as a conduit for, and may contribute to, functionally impairing behaviours including excessive and compulsive video gaming, compulsive sexual behaviour, buying, gambling, streaming or social networks use. There is growing public and National health authority concern about the health and societal costs of PUI across the lifespan. Gaming Disorder is being considered for inclusion as a mental disorder in diagnostic classification systems, and was listed in the ICD-11 version released for consideration by Member States (http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/revision/timeline/en/). More research is needed into disorder definitions, validation of clinical tools, prevalence, clinical parameters, brain-based biology, socio-health-economic impact, and empirically validated intervention and policy approaches. Potential cultural differences in the magnitudes and natures of types and patterns of PUI need to be better understood, to inform optimal health policy and service development. To this end, the EU under Horizon 2020 has launched a new four-year European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action Programme (CA 16207), bringing together scientists and clinicians from across the fields of impulsive, compulsive, and addictive disorders, to advance networked interdisciplinary research into PUI across Europe and beyond, ultimately seeking to inform regulatory policies and clinical practice. This paper describes nine critical and achievable research priorities identified by the Network, needed in order to advance understanding of PUI, with a view towards identifying vulnerable individuals for early intervention. The network shall enable collaborative research networks, shared multinational databases, multicentre studies and joint publications.
Information and shared decision-making are top patients' priorities (2006)

Beyond its many benefits, being informed by their doctor and shared decision making is a top patient priority.
Stimulation of human neutrophil oxidative metabolism by nonopsonized Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1991)

Nonopsonized gonococci possessing opacity-associated (Opa; previously PII) outer membrane proteins stimulate neutrophils to undergo a vigorous oxidative response when measured by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (LDCL). In these studies, we characterized the mechanism of this stimulation. No gonococci that we tested induced measurable release of neutrophil superoxide anion (O2-) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as measured by reduction of cytochrome c or the oxidation of scopoletin, respectively. Neutrophils pretreated with gonococci and then exposed to phorbol myristate acetate, the chemotactic peptide formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine, or opsonized zymosan released levels of neutrophil O2- and H2O2 comparable to controls, indicating that gonococci were not preventing or inhibiting neutrophil O2- or H2O2 release. To ascertain a possible explanation for these seemingly contradictory observations (i.e., induction of LDCL, but no release of O2- or H2O2), we further characterized the ability of Opa+ gonococci to stimulate LDCL. By using 1 mM azide and 4 U of horseradish peroxidase to monitor extracellular LDCL selectively and 2,000 U of catalase to monitor intracellular LDCL selectively, we determined that greater than 80% of total gonococcus-induced neutrophil LDCL occurred intracellularly. In addition, neutrophils stimulated with Opa+ gonococci showed a marked increase in O2 uptake and hexose monophosphate shunt activity. We conclude that Neisseria gonorrhoeae induces neutrophil oxidative metabolism without causing release of detectable amounts of reactive oxygen intermediates into the surrounding milieu. The gonococcus apparently directs oxidase assembly and activity to the phagolysosomal membrane. This could be a mechanism by which extracellular gonococci persist for extended periods in vivo in the presence of high concentrations of neutrophils.
Optical Area-Based Surface Quality Assessment for In-Process Measurement (1993)

The measurement of surface finish has been recognized as an important element of Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) systems which perform on-line machining systems control. Optical methods for the in-process measurement of surface roughness have been developed for this purpose, but these systems have in many cases introduced excessive complexity in the CIM system. This work presents an area-based surface characterization technique which applies the basic light scattering principles used in other optical measurement systems. These principles are applied in a novel fashion which is especially suitable for in-process measurement and control. A prototype of the optical system to implement these principles is developed in this work. The experimental results are presented to demonstrate the capabilities and future potential for integrating the measurement system into a machining process to achieve significant improvement of quality and productivity.
Modeling and simulation of a sigma-delta digital to analog converter using VHDL-AMS (2002)

Sigma-Delta digital to analog converters are less vulnerable to circuit imperfections than their A/D counterparts because they have their noise-shaping loop all in the digital domain. Still the analog part of the system (basically a low-pass filter) can degrade the overall performance, especially in the case of multi-bit converters. This paper presents a way of identifying and simulating the major noise and harmonics contributions of the system using VHDL-AMS. The resulting system-level model can be used to explore different architectures in the digital domain and to determine the specifications of the different building blocks.
Conformation of Ring Polymers in 2D Constrained Environments (2011)

The combination of ring closure and spatial constraints has a fundamental effect on the statistics of semiflexible polymers such as DNA. However, studies of the interplay between circularity and constraints are scarce and single-molecule experimental data concerning polymer conformations are missing. By means of atomic force microscopy we probe the conformation of circular DNA molecules in two dimensions and in the concentrated regime (above the overlap concentration c*). Molecules in this regime experience a collapse, and their statistical properties agree very well with those of simulated vesicles under pressure. Some circular molecules also create confining regions in which other molecules are trapped. Thus we show further that spatially confined molecules fold into specific conformations close to those found for linear chains, and strongly dependent on the size of the confining box.
Assays for the Classification of Two Types of Esterases: Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases and Phosphoric Triester Hydrolases (2002)

Assays for the Classification of Two Types of Esterases: Carboxylic Ester Hydrolase and Phosphoric Triester Hydrolase (Douglas D. Anspaugh and Michael Roe, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina). This unit describes assays that quantitate two types of esterase the carboxylic ester hydrolases and the phosphoric triester hydrolases. Carboxylic ester hydrolases include the B-esterases, which are inhibited by organophosphorus compounds. Among the phosphoric triester hydrolases is aryldialkylphosphatase, which has been called A-esterase or paraoxonase due to its ability to oxidize paraoxon and other organophosphates. These assays are colorimetric and miniaturized for rapid simultaneous testing of multiple, small-volume samples in a microtiter plate format. There is also a discussion of the history of esterase nomenclature and the reasons why this large group of enzymes is so difficult to classify.
Laminar Flame Speed and Ignition Delay Time Data for the Kinetic Modeling of Hydrogen and Syngas Fuel Blends (2012)

Laminar flame speeds and ignition delay times have been measured for hydrogen and various compositions of H2/CO (syngas) at elevated pressures and elevated temperatures. Two constant-volume cylindrical vessels were used to visualize the spherical growth of the flame through the use of a schlieren optical setup to measure the laminar flame speed of the mixture. Hydrogen experiments were performed at initial pressures up to 10 atm and initial temperatures up to 443 K. A syngas composition of 50/50 by volume was chosen to demonstrate the effect of carbon monoxide on H2−O2 chemical kinetics at standard temperature and pressures up to 10 atm. All atmospheric mixtures were diluted with standard air, while all elevated-pressure experiments were diluted with a He:O2 of 7:1 to minimize instabilities. The laminar flame speed measurements of hydrogen and syngas are compared to available literature data over a wide range of equivalence ratios where good agreement can be seen with several data sets. Additionally, an improved chemical kinetics model is shown for all conditions within the current study. The model and the data presented herein agree well, which demonstrates the continual, improved accuracy of the chemical kinetic model. A high-pressure shock tube was used to measure ignition delay times for several baseline compositions of syngas at three pressures across a wide range of temperatures. The compositions of syngas (H2/CO) by volume presented in this study included 80/20, 50/50, 40/60, 20/80, and 10/90, all of which are compared to previously published ignition delay times from a hydrogen-oxygen mixture to demonstrate the effect of carbon monoxide addition. Generally, an increase in carbon monoxide increases the ignition delay time, but there does seem to be a pressure dependency. At low temperatures and pressures higher than about 12 atm, the ignition delay times appear to be indistinguishable with an increase in carbon monoxide. However, at high temperatures the relative composition of H2 and CO has a strong influence on ignition delay times. Model agreement is good across the range of the study, particularly at the elevated pressures. Also, an increase in carbon monoxide causes the activation energy of the mixture to decrease.
Pediatric Parapneumonic Empyema, Spain (2008)

Pediatric parapneumonic empyema (PPE) has been increasing in several countries including Spain. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major PPE pathogen; however, antimicrobial pretreatment before pleural fluid (PF) sampling frequently results in negative diagnostic cultures, thus greatly underestimating the contribution of pneumococci, especially pneumococci susceptible to antimicrobial agents, to PPE. The study aim was to identify the serotypes and genotypes that cause PPE by using molecular diagnostics and relate these data to disease incidence and severity. A total of 208 children with PPE were prospectively enrolled; blood and PF samples were collected. Pneumococci were detected in 79% of culture-positive and 84% of culture-negative samples. All pneumococci were genotyped by multilocus sequence typing. Serotypes were determined for 111 PPE cases; 48% were serotype 1, of 3 major genotypes previously circulating in Spain. Variance in patient complication rates was statistically significant by serotype. The recent PPE increase is principally due to nonvaccine serotypes, especially the highly invasive serotype 1.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMICAL ADDITION OF ALKENES TO N‐METHYLPHTHALIMIDES. FORMATION OF 3,4‐BENZO‐6,7‐DIHYDROAZEPINE‐2,5‐DIONES (1978)

Abstract N‐Methylphthalimid (I) reagiert mit Isopren (II) zu den Benzoazepindionen (III) und (IV).
Specific active immunochemotherapy in lung cancer: a survival study. (1977)

A radomized clinical trial of chemotherapy, immunization and immunochemotherapy among 55 patients with stages I and II carcinoma of the lung is reported. The survival rate in the immunized groups was significantly better (P = 0.001) than that in the nonimmunized groups. The results are discussed in the light of the reactivity of the patients to the specific cancer antigen.
Current Single Event Effects Compendium of Candidate Spacecraft Electronics for NASA (2010)

We present the results of single event effects (SEE) testing and analysis investigating the effects of radiation on electronics. This paper is a summary of test results.
Design of PACs for high-performance photoresists (I): role of di-esterified PACs having hindered -OH groups (1992)

Steric hindrance on a ballast molecule causes selective esterification of -OH groups and provides novel di-esterified PACs having -OH group(s) with high selectivity. These novel PACs give photoresists higher sensitivities, (gamma) -values and resolutions, than those of fully esterified PACs. Also, these novel PACs provide scum-free patterns. Comparison of dissolution properties of a novel di-esterified PAC having a sterically hindered -OH with those of a di-esterified PAC suggests that the presence of -OH enhances dissolution rates, but it does not change the slope of logR-logE plots. DRM's agitated development reduces a large (gamma) -value of a novel PAC observed in puddle development. On the other hand, (gamma) -values of fully esterified PACs were not affected by the change of development methods. This observation suggests significance of (gamma) - value evaluation by puddle development for the investigation of high performance PACs.
P2P-RMI: Transparent Distribution of Remote Java Objects (2012)

Java Remote Method Invocation (RMI) is a built-in and easy-to-use framework for the distribution of remote Java objects. Its simplicity and seamless inter-virtual machine communication has made it a valuable tool for distributed services. It nevertheless exhibits certain constraints that practically limit RMI applications to the classical client/server distribution model, and make highly distributed and highly dynamic systems very difficult to build atop RMI.
Effect of cabozantinib on immunosuppressive subsets in metastatic urothelial carcinoma. (2014)

4501 Background: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and regulatory T cells (Treg) are major components of the immune suppressive tumor microenvironment. Both cell types promote effector T-cell dysfunction and tumor progression. The effect of cabozantinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor primarily targeting MET and VEGFR2 on specific immunosuppressive subsets, is unclear. In this study we assess MDSC and Tregs in patients undergoing treatment with cabozantinib and correlate with clinical response to therapy. Methods: Peripheral blood samples were obtained from patients with advanced/refractory metastatic urothelial carcinoma undergoing treatment with cabozantinib under a clinical trial at the National Cancer Institute (NCT01688999). MDSC (CD11b+CD33+CD14-) and Tregs (CD4+CD25hi Foxp3+) were measured in 24 patients at baseline and after 2 cycles of continuous cabozantinib treatment. MDSC and Tregs were further analyzed for CD40 and PD-1, respectively, as suppressive functional markers. Results: Patients with low Tregs at baseline had an improved partial response (PR) rate (p=0.014), progression free survival (PFS) (p=0.059) and overall survival (OS) (p=0.0071). Tregs decreased with cabozantinib treatment (p=0.015). Overall, PD-1 expression in Tregs increased after cabozantinib (p=0.011). However, patients with a PD-1 change below the median showed a strong trend to improved PFS compared to those with increased PD-1 above the median (p=0.035). The percent MDSC did not change with treatment. However, MDSC CD40 expression was increased after cabozantinib treatment compared to baseline (p=0.0005). Though, a decrease in MDSC CD40 expression after treatment was associated with an improved PFS (p=0.020). Conclusions: Treg levels prior to cabozantinib treatment are predictive of therapeutic responsiveness and OS. Changes in Treg PD-1 expression and MDSC CD40 expression may be prognostic markers in patients with advanced/refractory metastatic urothelial carcinoma treated with cabozantinib.
GSK3β-Dependent Phosphorylation Alters DNA Binding, Transactivity and Half-Life of the Transcription Factor USF2 (2014)

The upstream stimulatory factor 2 (USF2) is a regulator of important cellular processes and is supposed to have also a role during tumor development. However, the knowledge about the mechanisms that control the function of USF2 is limited. The data of the current study show that USF2 function is regulated by phosphorylation and identified GSK3β as an USF2-phosphorylating kinase. The phosphorylation sites within USF2 could be mapped to serine 155 and threonine 230. In silico analyses of the 3-dimensional structure revealed that phosphorylation of USF2 by GSK3β converts it to a more open conformation which may influence transactivity, DNA binding and target gene expression. Indeed, experiments with GSK-3β-deficient cells revealed that USF2 transactivity, DNA binding and target gene expression were reduced upon lack of GSK3β. Further, experiments with USF2 variants mimicking GSK3β phosphorylated USF2 in GSK3β-deficient cells showed that phosphorylation of USF2 by GSK3β did not affect cell proliferation but increased cell migration. Together, this study reports a new mechanism by which USF2 may contribute to cancerogenesis.
Effects of Contact-Hole-Etching Damage on Aluminum Chemical Vapor Deposition (1992)

The effects of contact-hole-etching damage on aluminum (Al) chemical vapor deposition (CVD) have been investigated. When Si wafers were etched by reactive ion etching (RIE) under the conditions of contact hole etching, two kinds of damage were observed on the etched surface; i.e., an amorphized layer at a depth of 30 Å and a contaminated (carbon, oxygen, and fluorine) layer at a depth of 100 Å. Aluminum deposited on the as-etched wafer had granular structure and the grains were not connected with each other, which indicates that the growth of Al is suppressed by the damages. The effect of these damages was be removed by annealing at 1050°C or etching at a depth of 30 Å (slight etching). In both cases, the amorphized layer was disappeared by recrystallization or was removed by etching, but the contaminated layer still remained. Therefore, it is concluded that the nucleation of Al is suppressed by the amorphized layer, but not by the contaminated layer. When this slight etching is made after contact hole etching, perfect contact hole filling with Al can be achieved by selective CVD.
Subcutaneously Injected Radiolabeled Liposomes: Transport to the Lymph Nodes in Mice<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref> (1982)

Male A/He mice were given sc injections in the feet with [3,5,3'-125I]triiodothyronine, [125I]T3, either in the free state or encapsulated within sonicated phosphatidylcholine liposomes. Radioactivity was recovered from the injection site, the popliteal lymph nodes (LN), blood, liver, lungs, and spleen at various times (5 min to 6 hr) after injection. The highest level of radioactivity was found in the popliteal LN of mice given liposome-encapsulated (LE) [125I]T3: For more than 3 hours after the injection, radioactivity was fivefold to fiftyfold higher there than that in all the other organs including the popliteal LN of mice given injections of free [125I]T3. The results demonstrated that sc injected liposomes enter the lymphatic pathways and reach the draining LN. Thus local administration of LE antitumor drugs into the sites of a malignant tumor before its excision might be useful in preventing postoperative metastases to the draining LN.
Effects of alpha-tocopherol on platelet membrane function in cystic fibrosis. (1984)

Patients with cystic fibrosis and their parents were reported to have abnormal platelet aggregation responses to prostaglandin E1. To determine whether this is a property of the platelets, we studied the adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) response of washed platelets to prostaglandin E1. The cAMP response to prostaglandin E1 was the same in platelets from obligate heterozygotes for cystic fibrosis and from those of healthy controls. Patients with cystic fibrosis who had deficient vitamin E levels (plasma alpha-tocopherol, less than 500 micrograms/dl) had significantly (p less than 0.01) reduced platelet cAMP response to prostaglandin E1 compared with patients who had sufficient vitamin E, and supplementation with water-miscible vitamin E in these patients resulted in significant increases in plasma alpha-tocopherol levels (p less than 0.01) and in cAMP response to prostaglandin E1 (p less than 0.05). Plasma alpha-tocopherol levels correlated significantly with platelet cAMP response to prostaglandin E1 in patients with cystic fibrosis (r = 0.58, p less than 0.05). However, plasma alpha-tocopherol level was unrelated to the lymphocyte and granulocyte cAMP response to prostaglandin E1 or to the platelet cAMP response to alpha 2-adrenergic stimulation. Our data suggest that patients with cystic fibrosis have no inherited defect in platelet cAMP response to prostaglandin E1. In patients who have sufficient vitamin E, cAMP responses to prostaglandin E1 are normal in all the formed elements of the blood.
General synthesis of N-band resonator based on N-order dual behavior resonator (2007)

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