gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hemostatic Abnormalities in Dogs With Hemangiosarcoma (1991)

The hemostasis profiles of 24 dogs with histologically confirmed hemangiosarcoma were prospectively evaluated. Microangiopathic hemolysis was defined as the presence of schistocytes; disseminated intravascular coagulation was defined as 1) thrombocytopenia, 2) fibrin(ogen) degradation products greater than 10 micrograms/mL, 3) prolongation of one or more coagulation times (activated partial thromboplastin time or one-stage prothrombin time) by greater than 25% of the control, 4) fragmented red blood cells (greater than or equal to 1+ based on a semiquantitative grading scale), and 5) fibrinogen less than or equal to 80 mg/dL. Three of the five criteria listed above had to be met for disseminated intravascular coagulation to be diagnosed. Fifty percent of the dogs were considered to have disseminated intravascular coagulation at presentation. Thrombocytopenia was present in 75% of the dogs and was the most common abnormality. The mean platelet count was 137,800/microL. Twenty-five percent of the dogs died as a result of the hemostatic abnormalities. Only 12% of the dogs had microangiopathic hemolysis without other evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Hemostatic abnormalities are present in many dogs with hemangiosarcoma at the initial clinical presentation and represent an important clinical finding.
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression and activity in patients with hepatitis C virus-induced liver cirrhosis (2014)

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an immunoregulatory enzyme. It plays a key role in various malignancies, infection and autoimmune diseases. IDO induces immunosuppression through the depletion of tryptophan and its downstream metabolites. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has infected more than 12 million individuals in Pakistan. The aim of the present study was to assess the expression and activity of IDO in HCV-infected patients. The functional enzymatic activity of IDO was measured by colorimetric assay. Serum samples from 100 HCV-infected patients were taken to examine IDO activity and samples from 100 healthy volunteers were used as controls. Liver sections from patients with HCV (n=35) and healthy controls (n=5) were used for immunohistochemical studies. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that IDO was overexpressed in 28 of 35 (80%) cirrhotic liver samples, whereas 5 of 35 (14.2%) cases presented moderate and 2 of 35 (5.7%) cases presented mild expression of IDO. The enzymatic activity of IDO was significantly higher in the serum samples of HCV-infected patients as compared with those in the control. These data indicate that the expression of IDO correlated with the pathogenesis of disease. In summary, it is suggested that the high expression of IDO in the progressively cirrhotic livers of HCV-infected patients might contribute to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. IDO may characterize a novel therapeutic target against HCV.
Conformation and Monolayer Assembly Structure of a Pentiptycene-Derived α,ω-Alkanedithiol (2000)

The synthesis, conformation, and monolayer assembly structure of a pentiptycene-derived α,ω-alkanedithiol (1) are reported. The results of MM2 modeling, the scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) suggest that 1 favors a folded conformation, corresponding to a looped monolayer assembly structure, on the Pt(111) and Au(111) surfaces. Nonetheless, the conformation of 1 in the crystals might be an extended form according to the crystal structure of an analogous compound 4. The relative interchain interactions and packing densities can account for the choice between a folded and an extended conformation for 1 in the condensed phases.
Different Oligomeric States are Involved in the Allosteric Behavior of Uracil Phosphoribosyltransferase from <i>Escherichia Coli</i> (1996)

Uracil phosphoribosyltransferase, catalyzing the formation of UMP and pyrophosphate from uracil and 5-phosphoribosyl-alpha-1-diphosphate (PPRibP), was purified from an overproducing strain of Escherichia coli. GTP was shown to activate the enzyme by reducing K(m) for PPRibP by about fivefold without affecting Vmax. When started by addition of enzyme, the reactions accelerated over an extended period of time, while enzyme solutions incubated first with GTP and PPRibP displayed constant velocities. This indicated that PPRibP and GTP influenced the structure of the enzyme. Gel-filtration and sedimentation analyses showed that the apparent oligomeric state of uracil phosphoribosyltransferase is defined by a dynamic equilibrium between a slowly sedimenting form (dimeric or trimeric) that has only a little activity, and a more highly aggregated form (pentameric or hexameric), which is more active. It appears that the smaller form predominates in the absence of substrates, while the larger form predominates in the presence of GTP and PPRibP. Guanosine-3',5'-bis(diphosphate) was found to activate the enzyme much like GTP.
Thinning and weighting of large planar arrays by simulated annealing (1999)

Two-dimensional arrays offer the potential for producing three-dimensional acoustic imaging. The major problem is the complexity arising from the large number of elements in such arrays. In this paper, a synthesis method is proposed that is aimed at designing an aperiodic sparse two-dimensional array to be used with a conventional beam-former. The stochastic algorithm of simulated annealing has been utilized to minimize the number of elements necessary to produce a spatial response that meets given requirements. The proposed method is highly innovative, as it can design very large arrays, optimize both positions and weight coefficients, synthesize asymmetric arrays, and generate array configurations that are valid for every steering direction. Several results are presented, showing notable improvements in the array characteristics and performances over those reported in the literature.
Neurogenic Inflammation and Asthma (2007)

Over the past number of decades there has been considerable interest in the role of neurogenic inflammation in asthma with the identification of many biologically active neuropeptides in the lung. Whilst there is convincing evidence of neurogenic inflammation in various animal models of asthma, the evidence in humans is less clear and replicating the experimental approaches in humans has proven difficult with different studies producing conflicting results. In terms of human studies, research has focused on whether pro-inflammatory neuropeptides are elevated in the asthmatic airway, and if so, what their functional effects are. There have also been studies to assess the efficacy of tachykinin receptor antagonists in improving indices of asthma control. Information to date would suggest that neuropeptides are present in human airways and are possibly upregulated in asthma, but this effect does not appear to be specific and may occur in other inflammatory airways conditions (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and smoking). At present there is insufficient evidence to suggest that tachykinin receptor antagonists confer any additional benefit over inhaled corticosteroid regimes for asthmatic patients.
Tracheobronchial gland profiles in four segmental airways. (1984)

Previously described methods of measuring the amount of submucous gland in the trachea and bronchi have various disadvantages. These have been overcome by a method in which area point counting has been used to obtain a new unit, Vgl mm3/mm2, the volume of gland per unit airway surface area; Vgl has been obtained for the trachea, the main and lobar bronchi, and for successive airway generations down 4 segmental bronchi (the left lingular , the left anterior basal, the right middle medial, and the right anterior basal) from 3 nonsmokers, and presented in profile form. The profiles have a distinctive shape, not previously appreciated, with a rise to a proximal peak and then a striking fall to low Vgl values in the subsegmental bronchi. The shape of the profile is intriguing, but at present the information required to answer the questions it raises is not available. As there were no significant differences between the profiles of the 4 airways in the individual subjects, any one of the 4 airways may be chosen to give a representative profile for an individual subject.
IR Spectroscopy and Theory of Cu<sup>+</sup>(H<sub>2</sub>O)Ar<sub>2</sub> and Cu<sup>+</sup>(D<sub>2</sub>O)Ar<sub>2</sub> in the O−H (O−D) Stretching Region: Fundamentals and Combination Bands (2009)

Copper-water ion-molecule complexes with attached argon atoms, Cu(+)(H(2)O)Ar(2), are produced in a supersonic molecular beam by pulsed laser vaporization. These systems are mass-selected in a reflectron time-of-flight spectrometer and studied with infrared photodissociation spectroscopy. The vibrational spectra for these complexes are characteristic of many cation-water systems, exhibiting symmetric and asymmetric O-H stretch fundamentals, and weaker features at higher frequency that have been tentatively assigned to combination bands. Using isotopically substituted spectra and model potential calculations, we are able to assign the combination bands to a water torsional vibration (frustrated rotation) in combination with the asymmetric stretch fundamental. This combination band assignment is likely to apply to IR spectra of many cation-water complexes.
Serial Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Antibody to Candida Antigens During Induction Chemotherapy for Acute Leukemia (1983)

Two or more sera were collected from 68 adult patients who received a total of 100 courses of induction chemotherapy for acute leukemia. Sera were tested by ELISAs for antibody to candidal mannan and a major cytoplasmic antigen. Twenty episodes of induction chemotherapy were accompanied by invasive candidiasis of skin, esophagus, or deeper organs. Levels of antibody to mannan rose more than 2.75 times normal activity in nine of these episodes and were already above this level in all sera in two episodes. Levels of antibody to mannan exceeded 2.75 times normal in only two of the remaining episodes in which invasive candidiasis was not observed. An eightfold increase in antibody to mannan occurred at some point in five of the 20 episodes complicated by invasive candidiasis but in only one of the remaining 80 episodes. Antibody to the major cytoplasmic antigen was detected infrequently in sera from episodes complicated by invasive candidiasis. Further studies of precise serial measurements of antibody to mannan therefore appear warranted.
Progress towards understanding the spread, detection and control of Mycobacterium avium subsp para‐tuberculosis in animal populations (2001)

Paratuberculosis, a chronic enteropathy of ruminants, is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis and is transmitted mainly in faeces to young animals by infected adults, some of which may not have clinical signs. The incubation period is inversely related to the size of the challenge dose but can be extremely prolonged. Clinical cases may not be seen within the economic lifespan of farm animals, particularly when stocking rates are low, pasture is spelled, or when animals are culled at a relatively young age. Other as yet unknown influences may determine the rate of progression or recovery from infection. Paratuberculosis appears in a range of forms from a disease with high prevalence and significant mortality through to one with very low prevalence and little obvious morbidity or mortality. Detection of infected flocks and herds relies on use of laboratory tests. Bacteriological culture of faeces is the most sensitive herd-level test. The passage of time and repeated testing are the greatest allies in detecting paratuberculosis because infected animals progress in the disease process and most tests are more effective in the later stages of the disease. These factors generally cause the prevalence of paratuberculosis to be underestimated at both herd or flock and regional level. Greater understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of M a paratuberculosis infection is critical in order to design improved diagnostic strategies, assess the feasibility of eradication and develop control options, particularly in small ruminants.
Augmenting Musical Performance (2019)

This personal take describes the motivation, development and eventual commercial release of TouchKeys, an augmented musical keyboard which measures the motion of the player's fingers on the key surfaces. Digital musical instruments typically lack the mechanical constraints of their acoustic counterparts. Instead, the major obstacle facing novel digital instruments is the time it takes a performer to learn them. TouchKeys preserves the familiar action and layout of the keyboard while adding new techniques such as vibrato and pitch bends, aiming to connect to the expertise of trained keyboardists while providing a gentler learning curve compared to other novel instruments.
Induction of β-amyloid precursor protein isoform mRNAs by bFGF in astrocytes (1993)

All three major transcripts of beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) were expressed in astrocytes. The ratio for APP695, APP751 and APP770 isoform mRNAs being 1:4:2. Treatment with bFGF and EGF produced upregulation of APP mRNAs in cultured astrocytes in varying proportions. In comparison with controls, increases in APP mRNAs in bFGF and EGF treated groups were about 4.5 and 2 fold, respectively. The elevation in mRNAs of KPI-containing isoforms APP751 and APP770 was relatively more than the elevation in mRNA of APP695 isoform. Our findings provide further evidence for the involvement of astrocytes in a cascade of events leading to the development of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome.
Role of the IL-23/IL-17 axis in Crohn's disease. (2012)

Crohn's disease is an immune-mediated disease that is characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation. Effector CD4+ T-lymphocytes are expanded in Crohn's disease-associated inflammatory lesions and play a critical role in the pathogenesis of this condition. Recently, a novel population of effector T-lymphocytes has been identified, which is clearly separated from the traditional Th1 and Th2 lineages and is characterized by the secretion of IL-17, hence its designation as Th17. The development of this population has been closely linked to IL-23, a member of the IL-12 family of cytokines. Converging lines of evidence support the hypothesis that the IL-23/Th17 axis is of pathogenic relevance for Crohn's disease. Protein and mRNA levels of IL-23, IL-17, and other Th17 effector cytokines, such as IL-21 and IL-22, are elevated in areas with active Crohn's disease-related inflammation, whereas lamina propria mononuclear cells from patients with Crohn's disease secrete increased amounts of IL-17 upon T-cell receptor-specific stimulation. Genome-wide association studies have identified several Crohn's disease-associated polymorphisms in genes that encode for proteins of the IL-23/Th17 pathway. Functional studies have shown that Th17-related effector cytokines induce pro-inflammatory responses that are components of the pathogenetic mechanisms of Crohn's disease, including recruitment of neutrophils via IL-8 induction, upregulation of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and secretion of metalloproteinases by intestinal fibroblasts. Finally, in several animal models of intestinal inflammation, disease severity is ameliorated when the IL-23/Th17 pathway is rendered deficient. These findings point to a critically important role for IL-23/Th17-mediated immune responses in Crohn's disease pathogenesis and may offer unique therapeutic opportunities for patients.
Garenoxacin (BMS-284756) and Moxifloxacin in Experimental Meningitis Caused by Vancomycin-Tolerant Pneumococci (2002)

The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae drives the development and evaluation of new antipneumococcal agents, especially for the treatment of bacterial meningitis. The aims of the present study were to assess the antibacterial effectiveness of two new quinolones, garenoxacin (BMS; BMS-284756) and moxifloxacin (MOX) in experimental meningitis caused by a vancomycin (VAN)-tolerant S. pneumoniae strain and to compare the results with those obtained by therapy with VAN and ceftriaxone (CRO) in combination. Meningitis was induced in young male New Zealand White rabbits by intracisternal inoculation of a VAN-tolerant pneumococcal strain (strain Tupelo) from a child with meningitis. Sixteen hours after inoculation, therapy was given by intravenous administration of BMS at 20 mg/kg of body weight, followed 5 h later by administration at a dosage of 10 mg/kg (n = 9 animals) or MOX as two doses of 20 mg/kg every 5 h (n = 8 animals). For comparison, we studied the following groups: (i) animals treated with VAN (20 mg/kg every 5 h, three doses) and CRO (125 mg/kg, one dose) (n = 9), (ii) animals infected with a VAN-tolerant strain but not treated (n = 8), (iii) animals infected with a VAN-tolerant pneumococcus isolated from the nasopharynx of a carrier and treated with BMS (n = 8), and (iv) animals infected with a cephalosporin-resistant type 6B S. pneumoniae strain and treated with BMS (n = 6). The MICs of penicillin, CRO, VAN, BMS, and MOX for the Tupelo strain were 2, 1, 0.5, 0.06, and 0.03 micro g/ml, respectively. The rates of killing of strain Tupelo (the change in the log(10) number of CFU per milliliter per hour) in cerebrospinal fluid at 5 h were -0.70 +/- 0.35, -0.61 +/- 0.44, and -0.49 +/- 0.36 for BMS, MOX, and VAN-CRO, respectively. Therapy with BMS and MOX was as effective as therapy with VAN-CRO against VAN-tolerant pneumococcal meningitis in rabbits.
Low cost method to obtain clutter data for space time adaptive processing studies utilising an existing radar platform (2002)

The most difficult area related to validating space time adaptive processing (STAP) algorithms is the generation of simulated input signals to the multi-channel radar system that adequately models the realistic clutter levels for airborne radar. In order to build an operational STAP system to collect data, several hardware developments including expensive well-matched receivers, fast high-dynamic-range A/D converters, VLSI digital equalisers etc. are required. This study examines a low cost way to obtain moving clutter data using an existing single channel airborne radar platform such as synthetic aperture radar with minimum modifications. A procedure to reconstruct clutter data suitable for STAP studies is discussed with simulated examples.
Central and Feedback Regulation of Hypothalamic Corticotropin‐Releasing Factor Secretion (2007)

Physical, emotional and metabolic stressors activate the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis via multiple neural pathways. Final hypothalamic coding of stressor-induced adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion is mediated by differential release of ACTH secretagogues. These include, but may not be limited to, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), arginine vasopressin, oxytocin and, possibly, adrenaline. Among these substances, CRF serves as the predominant regulatory factor of this axis because its presence is obligatory for the action of intrinsically weaker secretagogues. Because neural input-encoding qualities of individual stressors utilize, in part, stimulus-specific pathways, the effectiveness of glucocorticoid negative feedback in modulating ongoing and subsequent activity of the HPA axis is dependent upon the type of stressor and the nature of the neural pathways mediating the initial activity. Studies suggest that responses to physical stressors (for example, haemorrhage) are resistant to classical intermediate feedback, whereas those to emotional/cognitive stressors (such as a novel environment) are strongly susceptible to feedback. Overall functional characteristics of the HPA axis in adult organisms are at least partially a result of neonatal experience. In the adult differences in hypothalamic CRF mRNA levels, median eminence peptide content and pituitary responsiveness to stressors can be correlated with aspects of neonatal experience.
System and Analysis for Low Latency Video Processing using Microservices (2017)

Author(s): VASUKI BALASUBRAMANIAM, KARTHIKEYAN | Advisor(s): Porter, George M | Abstract: The evolution of big data processing and analysis has led to data-parallel frameworks such as Hadoop, MapReduce, Spark, and Hive, which are capable of analyzing large streams of data such as server logs, web transactions, and user reviews. Videos are one of the biggest sources of data and dominate the Internet traffic. Video processing on a large scale is critical and challenging as videos possess spatial and temporal features, which are not taken into account by the existing data-parallel frameworks. There are a broad range of users who want to apply sophisticated video processing pipelines such as transcoding, feature extraction, classification, scene cut detection and digital compositing to video contentParallel video processing poses several significant research challenges to the existing data processing frameworks. Current systems are capable of processing videos but with higher resource startup times, a small degree of parallelism, low average resource utilization, coarse-grained billing, and higher latency. This research proposes a low latency software run-time for processing a single video efficiently by orchestrating cloud-based microservices. The system leverages lightweight microservices provided by Amazon Web Services Lambda framework.
Optical circular dichroism of single-wall carbon nanotubes (2006)

The circular dichroism (CD) spectra of single-wall carbon nanotubes are calculated using a dipole approximation. The calculated CD spectra show features that allow us to distinguish between nanotubes with different angles of chirality, and diameters. These results provide theoretical support for the quantification of chirality and its measurement, using the CD line shapes of chiral nanotubes. It is expected that this information would be useful to motivate further experimental studies.
Pharmacological characterization of rat paw edema induced by Naja haje arabica venom (2005)

This investigation was performed in order to assess the inflammatory response induced by Naja haje arabica venom (NhaV) in rat hind paw. The inflammatory response was estimated by measuring the edema with a Plethysmometer. The venom (0.625-10g/paw) produced a dose and timedependent increase in non-hemorrhagic paw edema. The response to NhaV was maximal within 15 min and disappeared in 24 h. Five g/paw of NhaV was chosen to test the effect of various drugs on the edema induced by this venom. Quinacrine (QNC), a phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ) inhibitor, and dipyridamole (DPM), an adenosine transport inhibitor, attenuated venom-induced edema in rat paw (P<0.001).
Burn wound healing property of Cocos nucifera: An appraisal (2008)

It is concluded that oil of Cocos nucifera is an effective burn wound healing agent.
The Worldwide Pandemic of Asbestos-Related Diseases (2013)

Asbestos-related diseases are still a major public health problem. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that 107,000 people worldwide die each year from mesothelioma, lung cancer, and asbestosis. We review what is known about asbestos use, production, and exposure and asbestos-related diseases in the world today, and we offer predictions for the future. Although worldwide consumption of asbestos has decreased, consumption is increasing in many developing countries. The limited data available suggest that exposures may also be high in developing countries. Mesothelioma is still increasing in most European countries and in Japan but has peaked in the United States and Sweden. Although the epidemic of asbestos-related disease has plateaued or is expected to plateau in most of the developed world, little is known about the epidemic in developing countries. It is obvious that increased asbestos use by these countries will result in an increase in asbestos-related diseases in the future.