gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preliminary correlations of clinical outcome with in vitro chemosensitivity of second passage human breast cancer cells. (1990)

These studies describe the clinical correlations of 63 in vitro chemosensitivity assays on breast cancer cells after short-term monolayer culture. Forty-five of the assays were single agent correlations. Based on cut-off values determined empirically, the test accurately predicted resistance for 36 of 41 patients (88%) who did not respond to the drug. It also predicted sensitivity with a high degree of accuracy: 21 of 22 patients (95%) who responded to the drug tested had a sensitive assay. In five cases, two biopsies were evaluated from the same patient. Whenever assays were performed before and after treatment with a given drug, tumor cells from the second biopsy were more resistant in vitro if the patient failed on therapy. If the patient did not fail, but stopped therapy for other reasons, or if there was no intervening therapy with the tested drug, the two biopsies remained similar in drug sensitivity. These results suggest that in vitro chemosensitivity assays which accurately predict both sensitivity and resistance can be obtained with breast cancer cells after short-term culture and that further prospective trials are warranted.
Assessment of the retinal pigment epithelial functions‐ modelling approach (2012)

Abstract Purpose Our purpose is to construct mathematical models of functions of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Here we show the development and results of two models: 1) a compartmental model of Ca2+ dynamics 2) finite element model of epithelial transport and trans‐epithelial resistance. Methods A model of Ca2+ dynamics of APRE‐19 cells based on an experimental data and literature was constructed. Ca+2 dynamics of APRE‐19 cells were recorded using fluorescent microscope after mechanical stimulation. Various Ca+2 functional conditions were tested. The computational model constructed (Matlab SimBiology ) comprises over 40 cell function parameters and twelve variables ranging from stretch‐sensitive ion channels to ryanodine receptor dynamics and sarco/endoplasmic reticulum ATPases. Further, a model of RPE epithelia barrier was developed based on finite element modelling (FEM) of the epithelia and trans‐epithelial resistance simulating the spatial distribution of epithelial properties originating of the tight junction distribution on epithelia. Results The Ca+2 kinetics model of RPE was able to reproduce the Ca+2 dynamics of APRE cells with high accuracy with above 0.97 cross‐correlation. Further, including stretch‐sensitive ion channels explained the Ca+2 dynamics of the cells close to the mechanically stimulated cell. The epithelial model showed that epithelial inhomogeneity may play a crucial role in epithelial tightness and even very small cellular changes produce large variation on the measures of the epithelial properties. Conclusion The models constructed provide new insight of the functions of the RPE with applications from drug transport studies to assessment of the functionality of stem cell derived RPE.
Syntheses of Acid Hydrazide Derivatives Containing Diphenyl Ether Nucleus. III (1955)

The diphenyl ether derivatives possessing a nitro group in the ortho-position undergo hydrazinolysis by the action of hydrazine hydrate at an ordinary pressure. The three kinds of methyl o-nitro-diphenyl ether-carboxylate (I) undergo cleavage of the ether-bond oxygen constituting the diphenyl ether and form o-nitrophenylhydrazine (II) and hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide (III). (II) further undergoes dehydration and is isolated as 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (IIa) and only a minute amount of the objective o-nitrodiphenyl ether-carboxylic acid hydrazide (IV) is obtained. Similar cleavage occurs in 2-nitrodiphenyl ether-carboxylic acid (V) and 2-nitro-4′-chlorodiphenyl ether but 2-nitrodiphenyl ether and 2-nitromethyldiphenyl ether (VI) do not undergo this cleavage reaction by hydrazine hydrate.
Techniques for maintaining connectivity in wireless ad-hoc networks under energy constraints (2007)

Distributed wireless systems (DWSs) are emerging as the enabler for next-generation wireless applications. There is a consensus that DWS-based applications, such as pervasive computing, sensor networks, wireless information networks, and speech and data communication networks, will form the backbone of the next technological revolution. Simultaneously, with great economic, industrial, consumer, and scientific potential, DWSs pose numerous technical challenges. Among them, two are widely considered as crucial: autonomous localized operation and minimization of energy consumption. We address the fundamental problem of how to maximize the lifetime of the network using only local information, while preserving network connectivity. We start by introducing the care-free sleep (CS) Theorem that provides provably optimal conditions for a node to go into sleep mode while ensuring that global connectivity is not affected. The CS theorem is the basis for an efficient localized algorithm that decides which nodes will go to into sleep mode and for how long. We have also developed mechanisms for collecting neighborhood information and for the coordination of distributed energy minimization protocols. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated using a comprehensive study of the performance of the algorithm over a wide range of network parameters. Another important highlight is the first mathematical and Monte Carlo analysis that establishes the importance of considering nodes within a small number of hops in order to preserve energy.
A study on observation of noise related to decision error in PRML system (2005)

Perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) is being used to achieve higher recording density in hard disk derive (HDD) instead of longitudinal magnetic recording. This paper proposes a way on how to observe noise, which causes decision error, and have clarified by R/W simulation that the method is effective for obtaining the relationship between the decision error and generated noise. We are confirming the effect of the proposed method by actual R/W experiments using a spin-stand system.
Design of Chromatographic Processes (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Chromatographic Process Steps and Constraints Design for Capture Design for Chromatographic Resolution SMB Design References
DIVERGENT EFFECTS OF SEPSIS ON DENDRITIC CELLS (2004)

Ayala, A; Ding, Y; Chung, C S; Newton, S; Chen, Y; Grutkoski, P S; Carlton, S; Albina, J E Author Information
Parametric models for motion planning and control in biomimetic robotics (2005)

We describe the design, testing and tools to build parametric models of a six-legged cockroach-like robot for velocity control without precise knowledge on the robot's geometry or its inertia. Robot legs were made by Shape Deposition Manufacturing and were compliant at the "knee". These kinds of robots usually have a limited number of actuators and a small number of low-cost sensors. Consequently, they are difficult to control with analytic models. Our goal was to design a very fast robot that could run in a straight line over short distances at a desired velocity. We incorporated such legs into a novel body design, where position and orientation of the legs were chosen to enhance static stability. Robot design proved to be robust, as the machine did not suffer any failure in over 20,000 runs. We found that body-pitch angle was a crucial parameter in the control of running speed. To control this angle, we built a parametric model that related leg orientation to pitch angle. We experimented with various leg stiffness parameters, and built a comprehensive parametric model that quantified performance as a function of this parameter, as well as body-pitch angle, ground slope, and body mass. When these parameters were optimized, the robot consistently achieved a speed of six body lengths per second, even when pulling a large load in the form of a trailer cart.
Clinical differentiation between proteus syndrome and hemihyperplasia: Description of a distinct form of hemihyperplasia (1998)

Proteus syndrome is a rare and highly variable hamartomatous syndrome that can affect multiple organ systems. It is characterized by hyperplastic lesions of connective tissue, vascular malformations, linear verrucous epidermal nevi, and hyperostoses. The cause of the disorder is unknown, but the current working hypothesis is that it is caused by a mosaic alteration that leads to a highly variable phenotype, equal sex ratio, sporadic occurrence, and discordant monozygotic twins. Herein we describe our experience with 18 patients with a referring diagnosis of Proteus syndrome. It was found that imaging studies are very useful for the characterization of the syndrome. One finding was that splenic hyperplasia can be a manifestation of Proteus syndrome. Analysis of the clinical data shows that Proteus syndrome is frequently confused with "hemihyperplasia." A distinct subtype of hemihyperplasia is defined that includes static or mildly progressive hemihyperplasia and multiple lipomata.
Early healing of nanothickness bioceramic coatings on dental implants. An experimental study in dogs (2008)

Thick bioceramic coatings like plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite have been shown to increase the overall tissue response and biomechanical fixation of dental implants. However, the presence and potential fracture of a bone-coating-metallic substrate interface at long times after implantation led these implants to fall from favor in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical fixation and biological response of Ca- and P-based, 20-50 nm thickness bioceramic deposition on a previously alumina-blasted/acid-etched Ti-6Al-4V implant surface in a dog model. Cylindrical alumina-blasted/acid-etched (AB/AE) (Control, n = 16), and Nanothickness bioceramic coated AB/AE(Nano, n = 16) implant surfaces were surgically placed in dogs proximal tibia and remained for 2 and 4 weeks in vivo. Following euthanization, the implants-in-bone were mounted in epoxy and pullout at a 0.5 mm/min rate. Following mechanical testing, the specimens were decalcified and processed (Hematoxylin and Eosin) for standard transmitted light microscopy evaluation. Percent bone-to-implant contact (BIC) to the pulled out implant surface was determined through computer software. Statistical analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA at 95% level of significance and Tukey's post-hoc multiple comparisons. No significant differences in pullout force were observed (p > 0.88): 2W Control (212.08 +/- 42.96 N), 2W Nano (224.35 +/- 42.97 N), 4W Control (207.07 +/- 42.97 N), and 4W Nano (190.15 +/- 45.94 N). No significant differences in %BIC were observed (p > 0.94): 2W Control (72.66 +/- 8.51), 2W Nano (69.44 +/- 8.51), 4W Control (70.44 +/- 8.51), and 4W Nano (69.11 +/- 9.09). It is shown that 20-50 nm thickness bioceramic depositions onto previously alumina-blasted/acid-etched substrates did not improve the biomechanical fixation and the BIC at early implantation times, and studies concerning shorter and longer implantation times are recommended for confirmation or before a conclusion can be made.
3T MRI evaluation of the accuracy of atlas-based subthalamic nucleus identification (2008)

Modulation of the activity of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) using deep brain stimulation (DBS) in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease is the most common procedure performed today by functional neurosurgeons. The STN contours cannot be entirely identified on common 1.5 T images; in particular, the ventromedial border of the STN often blends with the substantia nigra. 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides better resolution and can improve the identification of the STN borders. In this work, we have directly identified the STN using 3 T MR imaging to validate the accuracy of a computer-aided atlas-based procedure for automatic STN identification. Coordinates of the STN were obtained from the Talairach and Tournoux atlas and transformed into the coordinates of the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) standard brain volume, creating a mask representation of the STN. 3 T volumetric T1 and T2 weighted (T1w and T2w, respectively) acquisitions were obtained for ten patients. The MNI standard brain volume was registered onto each patient MRI, using a new approach based on global affine, region-of-interest affine, and local nonrigid registrations. The estimated deformation field was then applied to the STN atlas-based mask, providing its location on the patient MRI. The entire procedure required on average about 20 min. Because STN is easily identifiable on 3 T T2w-MRIs, it was manually delineated; the coordinates of the center of mass of the manually and automatically identified structures were compared. Additionally, volumetric overlapping indices were calculated and the spatial relationship between the midcommissural point and the STN center of mass was investigated. All indices indicated, on average, good agreement between manually and automatically identified structures; displacement of the centers of mass of the manually and automatically identified structures was less than or equal to 2.35 mm, and more than 80% of the manually identified volume was covered by the automatic localization, on average. Bland-Altman analysis indicated that the automatic STN identification was within the limits of agreement with the manual localization on 3 T MRIs. Automatic atlas-based STN localization provides an accurate and user-friendly tool and can enhance target identification when 1.5 T scanners with limited capability to identify the STN boundaries are used.
Radiation-Induced DNA Damage in Tumors and Normal Tissues: I. Feasibility of Estimating the Hypoxic Fraction (1993)

It is well known that the type and quantity of DNA damage produced by ionizing radiation depend on the oxygen concentration around the DNA. For example, in irradiated mammalian cells, both a decrease in the DNA strand break efficiency and the induction of DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) occur as the extracellular oxygen concentration is decreased below 1%. In the study reported here, the feasibility of estimating the hypoxic fraction of irradiated tumors and normal tissues was investigated by measuring the single-strand scission factor, the DNA-protein crosslink factor, and the amount of DNA remaining on polycarbonate filters after elution with approximately 24 ml of tetrapropylammonium hydroxide at pH 12.3 without proteinase K (PK) in the lysis solution. In anesthetized air-breathing Fisher 344 rats, no radiation-induced DPCs were detected in either cerebellar neurons or cells of subcutaneous (sc) 9L tumors when the DNA was assayed at approximately one half-time of repair after doses < or = 15 Gy. Within 10 min after anesthetized rats were killed, the maximum decrease in the radiation-induced strand break efficiency and the maximum formation of radiation-induced DPCs occurred in both cerebellar neurons and sc 9L tumors. When irradiated cerebellar neurons or sc 9L tumor cells from air-breathing and dead rats were mixed to simulate hypoxic fractions of 0, 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100%, only the percentage of the DNA retained on the filter after approximately 24 ml of elution without PK in the lysis solution was a linear function of the simulated hypoxic fraction after doses of both 15 and 2 Gy. At 15 Gy, the linear function was identical for 9L cells in tissue culture, sc 9L tumor cells, and cerebellar neurons. In addition, the slope, but not the intercept, of the linear function appeared to be independent of dose from 2 to 15 Gy. Consequently, if the dose and the amount of strand break repair are kept relatively constant, the linear function appears to depend primarily on radiation chemistry events, rather than the biological properties of the irradiated cells. Moreover, the data suggest that this assay can measure a hypoxic fraction of < or = 10% after a conventional radiotherapy dose of 2 Gy, provided sufficient material is available for analysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Mechanistic Aspects of Chiral Discrimination on Modified Cellulose (1997)

Cellulose and cellulose derivatives are biopolymers which are often used as stationary phases for the separation of enantiomers. Describing the mechanism of such separations is a difficult task due to the complexity of these phases. In the present study, we attempt to elucidate the types of interactions occurring between a diol intermediate for a LTD(4) antagonist and a tris(4-methylbenzoate)-derivatized cellulose stationary phase. Thermodynamic studies indicate that, at low temperatures, the enantioselectivity is entropy driven. At higher temperatures, the separation is enthalpy driven. DSC and IR experiments reveal that the transitions between the enthalpic and the entropic regions of the van't Hoff plots are a result of a change in conformation of the stationary phase. Investigation of chromatographic kinetic parameters reveals that, at low temperature, the second eluted enantiomer undergoes sluggish inclusion interactions. Subtle changes in the structure of the analyte indicates that π-π interactions do not contribute to enantioselectivity. Finally, molecular modeling of (R)- and (S)-diol and the stationary phase suggests that hydrogen bonding is a primary factor in the separation, and the calculated energy values obtained from the molecular modeling correlate well with the chromatographic elution order.
The Effect of Rapidly Solidified Microstructures on the Martensitic Transformation in Ti<sub>50</sub>-Ni<sub>45</sub>-Cu<sub>5</sub> Shape Memory Alloys (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Non‐invasive structure–function assessment of the liver by 2D time‐harmonic elastography and the dynamic Liver MAximum capacity (LiMAx) test (2019)

Our findings show that structural changes in the liver due to progressing liver diseases and reflected by increased tissue stiffness correlate with a functional decline of the organ as reflected by a decreased metabolic capacity of the liver.
Apoptosis (2010)

Introduction The Induction of Apoptosis: Extrinsic Versus Intrinsic Pathways Mitochondria Caspases Basic Cellular Mechanisms and Regulation What Happens After Death? Bacterial-Induced Apoptosis Conclusion Acknowledgments
Inhibition of aggressiveness of metastatic mouse mammary carcinoma cells by the beta2-chimaerin GAP domain. (2003)

The biological and functional properties of beta2-chimaerin, a novel phorbol ester/diacylglycerol receptor unrelated to protein kinase C isozymes, are largely unknown. It has previously been established that beta2-chimaerin accelerates the hydrolysis rate of GTP from Rac1 in vitro, leading to the inactivation of this GTPase, which plays important roles in the control of actin cytoskeleton organization, proliferation, motility, and invasiveness. To explore the potential role of beta2-chimaerin in invasion and metastasis, we generated stable transfectants for its catalytic domain (the beta-GAP domain) in F3II murine mammary carcinoma cells. Reduced Rac-GTP levels were observed upon stimulation with epidermal growth factor in the beta-GAP clones compared with control cells. Moreover, a marked alteration in actin polymerization in response to epidermal growth factor was observed in the beta-GAP clones, suggesting impairment of Rac-dependent responses. The beta-GAP transfectants also evidenced slower growth rates and a striking reduction in their migratory properties. Adenoviral delivery of the beta-GAP domain into F3II cells also led to reduced proliferative and migratory responses. Importantly, significant differences were found between beta-GAP transfectants and control cells regarding their tumorigenic and metastatic properties after s.c. inoculation in syngeneic BALB/c mice. Tumors originating from beta-GAP transfectants showed a significantly lower growth rate and reduced invasive ability; in addition, a lower incidence of spontaneous lung metastases was observed. Our results indicate that beta2-chimaerin impairs key steps in the metastatic cascade and provide evidence for a rational modulation of the Rac signaling pathway in cancer treatment.
ALICYCLIC KETYLS: I. ANGULAR DEPENDENCE OF HYPERFINE COUPLING AND CONFORMATIONAL MOBILITY OF CYCLOHEXANONE KETYLS (1965)

The electron paramagnetic resonance (e.p.r.) spectra of ketyls derived from cyclopentanone and 4-tert-butyl, 4-methyl, 3-methyl, and unsubstituted cyclohexanone have been recorded in dimethoxymethane at room temperature. The proton hyperfine splittings (a H ) observed with rigid ketyls are consistent with a dihedral angular (θ) dependence of hyperfine coupling of the form, a H = 4.8 + 9.6 cos 2 θ. Conformational averaging of the hyperfine coupling is observed with 4-methyl, 3-methyl, and unsubstituted cyclohexanone ketyls. The conformer populations calculated from the e.p.r. spectra are in accordance with A values for the methyl group derived from non-radical cyclohexane compounds.
11α,13- and 11β,13 -Dihydro-4<i>H</i>-xanthalongin 4-<i>O</i>-β-Glucopyranosides: New Sesquiterpene Lactone Glycosides from Flowers of<i>Arnica amplexicaulis</i>and<i>A. mollis</i><sup>1,</sup>* (1996)

The flowers of A. amplexicaulis afforded, in addition to xanthalongin ( 1), 11beta,13-dihydroxanthalongin (2), its 11-epimer (3), and 11alpha,13-dihydro-4H-xanthalongin (4), the new xanthanolide glycosides 11alpha, 13-dihydro-4 H-xanthalongin 4- O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5) and its 11-epimer (6). The glycosides were also isolated from the flowers of A. mollis. The structures were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy (1)H-NMR, COSY, (13)C-NMR, HETCOR, DEPT), MS (EI, FAB, FD), and enzymatic hydrolysis of the glycosides. The chemo-taxonomic importance is discussed.
Variation biologique et sérologique de 58 isolats du Tomato Spotted Wilt Tospovirus (TSWV) d'origine variée (1997)

*INRA, URD, Domaine St-Paul, Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon cedex 9 (FRA) Diffusion du document : INRA, URD, Domaine St-Paul, Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon cedex 9 (FRA)
Pressure-Modulated Alloy Composition in Si<sub>(1-<i>x</i>)</sub>Ge<sub><i>x</i></sub> Nanowires (2009)

Si((1-x))Ge(x) nanowires (NWs) constitute promising building blocks for future electronic and optoelectronic devices due to the enhanced tuneability of their physical properties, achieved mainly by controlling their chemical composition. In this study, the pressure dependence of the chemical composition, growth and tapering rates and crystalline structure of Si((1-x))Ge(x) NWs grown by the CVD-VLS technique was investigated. It is demonstrated for the first time, that the composition of single crystal Si((1-x))Ge(x) NWs can be readily modulated between ca. x = 0.75 to x = 0.25, simply by altering the total growth pressure while keeping all other growth parameters fixed. Moreover, this procedure does not cause any undesired structural or morphological side effects. Growth pressure is hence concluded to be the most significant parameter for tailoring Si((1-x))Ge(x) NWs electron and phonon mobility, band gap, and so forth. The observed alloy-composition control phenomena can be explained by the interplay between the pressure-dependent unimolecular decomposition of the individual precursor gases, SiH(4) and GeH(4), at the given experimental conditions that leads to a direct modulation of the decomposed/activated Si/Ge precursors ratio in the gas feedstock and is finally reflected in the composition of the obtained binary alloy nanowires. In addition, a silicon-germanium cooperative growth mechanism is suggested to account for the observed growth rate pressure dependence and enhanced growth rates.