gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anisotropie de l'atténuation ultrasonore au-dessus d'une transition smectique a-nématique. Détermination d'un temps de relaxation (1975)

Nous avons mesuré l'anisotropie d'atténuation ultrasonore dans la phase nématique d'un cristal liquide au voisinage d'une transition smectique A-nématique faiblement du premier ordre, à trois fréquences 220 MHz, 560 MHz et 840 MHz. Nous avons déterminé un temps de relaxation τ = τ0(ΔT/Tc) -1 avec τ0 = 3 x 10-12 s.
ChemInform Abstract: Trifluoropropene Oxide as a Trifluoromethyl Source Preparation of Optically Active Alcohols. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
[Antibacterial activity of cephem antibiotics against isolates from clinical specimens at the Yokohama City University Hospital]. (1986)

Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of cephem antibiotics against 405 strains belonging to 17 species of clinical isolates were investigated using the standard method of the Japanese Congress of Chemotherapy. The results obtained are summarized below. Cephem antibiotics showed weak antibacterial activities against Enterococcus sp., B. fragilis and S. marcescens. S. pneumoniae, S. agalactiae, E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis were susceptible to cephem antibiotics. Cephem antibiotics of the 1st and the 2nd generations showed weak antibacterial activity against Citrobacter sp. and E. cloacae, while cephem antibiotics of 3rd generation had a good antibacterial activity against these species. Cephem antibiotics of the 2nd and the 3rd generations showed high antibacterial activity against H. influenzae and indole positive Proteus group. Cefoperazone showed high antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa. Resistance to latamoxef, ceftizoxime and cefoxitin was observed among Staphylococcus sp., while the MICs of other antibiotics against Staphylococcus sp. were fairly low. Number of strains resistant to the 3rd cephem antibiotics seems to be increasing because the 3rd generation of cephem antibiotics have been used frequently. Further investigation will be required on resistant organism to these antibiotics including beta-lactamase producing strains.
Applications of Saturable Absorption-based Nonlinear Vertical-Cavity Semiconductor Devices for All-Optical Signal Processing (2010)

Applications of Saturable Absorption-based Nonlinear Vertical-Cavity Semiconductor Devices for All-Optical Signal Processing
Mean fluorescence intensity rate is a useful marker in the detection of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria clones (2005)

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired disorder of the pluripotent stem cell resulting from the somatic mutation of the X-linked PIG-A gene, involved in the synthesis of the glycosylphosphatidyl-inositol anchor of membrane proteins such as CD55, CD59 and CD14. In the past decade, flow cytometry has become a valuable diagnostic tool in the detection of deficient expression of the GPI-anchored proteins. We report the diagnosis of PNH in four patients confirmed by flow cytometry. Red blood cells, granulocytes and monocytes were classified as PNH types I, II and III according to the mean fluorescence intensities (MFI) of membrane proteins. MFI rate is a numerical data reflecting the severity of decreased antigen expression, and it is obtained by dividing the MFI of the type II or type III cells by the MFI of the respective cells obtained for a normal sample. We found that the investigation of granulocytes and monocytes was more informative than red blood cells when percent negativity was evaluated. In addition, the lowest MFI rate (mean 0.011) was obtained for CD14 on monocytes while CD59 and CD55 gave higher values on all three investigated cell types (0.021-0.34). Thus, CD14 on monocytes seems to be the most reliable marker for establishing the PNH clone size and the severity of antigen deficiency.
Advances in Alkene and Alkyne Metathesis (2011)

As alkene metathesis is extended to more and more challenging substrates, improved catalysts and solvents are required. Robert H. Grubbs of Caltech developed (Organic Lett. 2008, 10, 441) the diisopropyl complex 1, that efﬁciently formed the trisubstituted alkene 6 by cross metathesis of 4 with 5. Hervé Clavier and Stephen P. Nolan of ICIQ, Tarragona, and Marc Mauduit of ENSC Rennes found (J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 4225) that after cyclization of 7 with the complex 2b, simple ﬁltration of the reaction mixture through silica gel delivered the product 8 containing only 5.5 ppm Ru. The merit of CH2Cl2 as a solvent for alkene metathesis is that the catalysts (e.g. 1 - 3) are very stable. Claire S. Adjiman of Imperial College and Paul C. Taylor of the University of Warwick established (Chem. Commun. 2008, 2806) that although the second generation Grubbs catalyst 3 is not as stable in acetic acid, for the cyclization of 9 to 10 it is a much more active catalyst in acetic acid than in CH2Cl2 . Bruce H. Lipshutz of the University of California, Santa Barbara observed (Adv. Synth. Cat . 2008, 350, 953) that even water could serve as the reaction solvent for the challenging cyclization of 11 to 12, so long as the solubility- enhancing amphiphile PTS was included. Ernesto G. Mata of the Universidad Nacional de Rosario explored (J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 2024) resin isolation to optimize cross-metathesis, finding that the acrylate 13 worked particularly well. Karol Grela of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw optimized (Chem. Commun. 2008, 2468) cross-metathesis with a halogenated alkene 16. Jean-Marc Campagne of ENSC Montpellier extended (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 1562) ring-closing metathesis to enynes such as 19. The product diene 20 was a reactive Diels-Alder dienophile. István E. Markó of the Université Catholique de Louvain applied (Tetrahedron Lett. 2008, 49, 1523) the known (OHL 20070122) ring-closing metathesis of enol ethers to the cyclization of the Tebbe product from 23. The ether 24 was oxidized directly to the lactone 25.
Optimization of the liquid crystal light valve for signal beam amplification (2016)

A liquid crystal light valve is an optically controlled spatial light modulator made as a cell with liquid crystal on a photoconductive substrate. Dynamic holograms recorded in such a hybrid device may give rise to the amplification of one of the recording beams at the expense of the other. In the present work, liquid crystal light valves with different thicknesses of the liquid crystal layer are studied at various conditions of the dynamic grating recording aiming to maximize the signal beam amplification in the infrared. A seventeen-fold gain is achieved in the improved cell for optimal recording conditions.
Heat Shock Proteins Can Be Surrogate Autoantigens for Induction of Antigen Specific Therapeutic Tolerance in Rheumatoid Arthritis (2019)

Technologies that enable induction of therapeutic tolerance may revolutionize the treatment of autoimmune diseases by their supposed potential to induce drug-free and lasting disease remission. In combination with diagnostic tests that screen for individuals at risk, these approaches may offer chances to halt disease before serious damage in the tissues can occur. In fact, for healthy individuals at risk, this could lead to a preventive form of vaccination. For therapeutic tolerance to re-instate natural self-tolerance it seems essential to induce tolerance for the critical autoantigens involved in disease. However, for most autoimmune diseases such antigens are poorly defined. This is the case for both disease inciting autoantigens and antigens that become involved through epitope spreading. A possible source of surrogate auto-antigens expressed in tissues during inflammation are heat shock proteins (HSP) or stress proteins. In this mini-review we discuss unique characteristics of HSP which provide them with the capacity to inhibit inflammatory processes. Various studies have shown that epitopes of HSP60 and HSP70 molecules can function as vaccines to downregulate a variety of autoimmune inflammatory diseases. Currently, several research groups are developing cell therapies with the intention to reach therapeutic tolerance. In this review, in which we are proposing to <i>ex vivo</i> load tolerant dendritic cells with a Treg inducing HSP70 derived peptide called B29, we are discussing the chances to develop this as an autologous tolDC therapeutic tolerance therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.
ChemInform Abstract: Liquid Crystals Containing Fluorine. Part 11. Influence of Electronic Effects of the Terminal Groups on the Mesomorphism of 4′‐Substituted 4‐Perfluoroalkyldiphenyls. (1988)

Abstract The 4‐perfluorohexyl‐4'‐substituted diphenyls (I)‐(V) are prepared.
Effect of Aerial Application of Racemic Disparlure on Male Trap Catch and Female Mating Success of Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)1 (1988)

Studies were conducted in Cecil County, Md., during the summer of 1980 using racemic disparlure to disrupt mating communication of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.). A laminated plastic flake formulation of racemic disparlure was applied aerially at rates of 0, 7.5, 30, or 75 g (AI)/ha to replicated 16-ha forest plots. Significant decreases in male trap catch and in mating success for three different female types (lab females [from a laboratory colony], wild females [pupae obtained from the field, adults emerged in the laboratory, then replaced in the field], and natural females [occurring naturally in the test plot]) were observed with increasing disruptant dose. Although degree of mating success was highly correlated for all three female types, differences among female types in slope, intercept, and linear and quadratic relationships were observed. Generally, plots having higher populations (as measured by larval counts) among replicate plots for each dose also had increased mating for all female types. The flake formulation was easily applied and provided season-long mating disruption.
Low resistance and highly reflective ohmic contacts to <i>p</i> ‐type GaN using transparent interlayers for flip‐chip light emitting diodes (2006)

Abstract Zn (3 nm)/Rh (100 nm) and oxidized Ag‐ITO (100 nm)/Al (200 nm) schemes for the formation of low resistance and highly reflective ohmic contacts for flip‐chip light emitting diodes were investigated. It is shown that annealing the samples at 430 and 530 °C for 1 min in air results in good ohmic behaviors with specific contact resistances of ∼10 –5 Ωcm 2 LEDs fabricated using the Zn/Rh contact layers give forward‐bias voltages of 3.09–3.12 V at the injection current of 20 mA. Furthermore, the oxidized Ag‐ITO film/Al contacts also show good ohmic characteristics with contact resistivity of 10 –5 Ωcm 2 when annealed at 330 °C for 5 min in vacuum. LEDs fabricated using the oxidized Ag‐ITO film/Al contacts layers give forward‐bias voltages of ∼3.40 V at 20 mA. It is clearly shown that a transparent contact interlayer is necessary to make high‐quality ohmic contacts to p ‐type GaN for thermally stable flip‐chip LEDs using Rh‐ and Al‐reflectors. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
IQGAP1 Is a Novel CXCR2-Interacting Protein and Essential Component of the “Chemosynapse” (2011)

Our studies indicate that IQGAP1 is a novel essential component of the CXCR2 "chemosynapse".
CHAPTER 6. The Design of Brain Penetrant Kinase Inhibitors (2018)

The desire for brain penetrant kinase inhibitors has increased in recent years to enable the treatment of both primary and secondary brain tumours but also for the potential management of degenerative CNS diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. However, the design of compounds that are able to access the brain is a formidable challenge, exacerbated by the fact that traditional kinase inhibitor design space does not overlap well with the physicochemical properties of established CNS compounds. This chapter overviews the challenges facing kinase medicinal chemists and highlights progress to date, illustrating with a growing number of successful kinase inhibitor case histories where brain penetration has now been obtained and shown to drive in vivo CNS efficacy.
The Major Conformational IgE-binding Epitopes of Hevein (Hev b6.02) Are Identified by a Novel Chimera-based Allergen Epitope Mapping Strategy (2002)

A novel approach to localize and reconstruct conformational IgE-binding epitope regions of hevein (Hev b6.02), a major natural rubber latex allergen, is described. An antimicrobial protein (AMP) from the amaranth Amaranthus caudatus was used as an immunologically non-IgE-binding adaptor molecule to which terminal or central parts of hevein were fused. Hevein and AMP share a structurally identical core region but have different N-terminal and C-terminal regions. Only 1 of 16 hevein-allergic patients showed weak IgE binding to purified native or recombinant AMP. Chimeric AMP with the hevein N terminus was recognized by IgE from 14 (88%) patients, and chimeric AMP with the hevein C terminus was recognized by IgE from 6 (38%) patients. In contrast, chimeric AMP containing the hevein core region was recognized by IgE from only two patients. When both the N-terminal and C-terminal regions of hevein were fused with the AMP core, IgE from all 16 patients bound to the chimera. This chimera was also able to significantly inhibit (>70%) IgE binding to the native hevein. On the contrary, linear synthetic peptides corresponding to hevein regions in the AMP chimeras showed no significant IgE binding capacity in either enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These results suggest that the IgE binding ability of hevein is essentially determined by its N-terminal and C-terminal regions and that major IgE-binding epitopes of hevein are conformational. The chimera-based epitope mapping strategy described here provides a valuable tool for defining structural epitopes and creating specific reagents for allergen immunotherapy.
Sarcopenia and peripheral arterial disease: a systematic review (2020)

Sarcopenia and lower extremity PAD have musculoskeletal consequences that directly impair patients' quality of life and prognosis. Although PAD is primarily a vascular disease, all etiological factors of sarcopenia identified so far are present in PAD. Indeed, both sarcopenia and PAD are accompanied by oxidative stress, skeletal muscle mitochondrial impairments, inflammation, inhibition of specific pathways regulating muscle synthesis or protection (i.e. IGF-1, RISK, and SAFE), and activation of molecules associated with muscle degradation. To date, besides revascularization, the best therapeutic strategy includes exercise, but approaches targeting the underlying mechanisms still deserve further studies.
Single digit nanofabrication by step-and-repeat nanoimprint lithography (2011)

A novel strategy for fabricating nanoimprint templates with sub-10 nm patterns is demonstrated by combining electron beam lithography and atomic layer deposition. Nanostructures are replicated by step-and-repeat nanoimprint lithography and successfully transferred into functional material with high fidelity. The process extends the capacity of step-and-repeat nanoimprint lithography as a single digit nanofabrication method. Using the ALD process for feature shrinkage, we identify a size dependent deposition rate.
MODULAR/INTERMODAL CONTAINER PARAMETRIC STUDY (1970)

The report presents the results of a parametric study of the effects of a range of design variables on modular/intermodal containers. A simple analysis is used to generate data showing the effects on module weight, usable volume, and cost of design parameters, various materials and methods of construction (steel, aluminum, fiberglass; homogeneous and sandwich) and handling requirements. The results of this analysis are presented in convenient graphical forms. More detailed calculations provide weight, usable volume and cost data for modules using certain specific materials and methods of construction. These results are tabulated for comparison with similar data on standard containers. The method of calculation is described, and illustrated by means of a sample problem. Graphs and tables are included to assist the computations. Four conceptual designs, believed to be capable of practical development are presented. Preliminary estimates based on these designs indicate that while cost is critically dependent on the design itself, weight and usable volume are insensitive to the design, and depend primarily on the handling features provided. Finally, consideration is given to reliability and maintainability aspects of modular containers and to the possible application of their component parts to uses other than cargo transport. (Author)
Anomalous Propagation Measurement and Prediction in Southern Coast of Korea (2019)

This is a document about path loss measurement and prediction for anomalous propagation of long range radio links. The path loss measurement has done in southern coast of Korea and the prediction method has been used parabolic equation with atmospheric refractivity. When the path loss was predicted using parabolic equation, the accuracy of prediction was depended on how to set the atmospheric refractivity according to long range radio link.
An Interpretable Deep Learning Classifier for Epileptic Seizure Prediction Using EEG Data (2022)

Deep learning has served pattern classification in many applications, with a performance which often well exceeds that of other machine learning paradigms. Yet, in general, deep learning has used computational architectures built, albeit partially, by ad hoc means, and its classification decisions are not necessarily interpretable in terms of knowledge relevant to the application it serves. This is often referred to as the black box problem, which in certain applications, such as epileptic seizure prediction, can be a serious impediment. The purpose of this study is to investigate an interpretable deep learning classifier for epileptic EEG-driven seizure prediction. This neural network is interpretable because its layers can be visualized and interpreted as a result of a novel architecture where the learned weights follow from signal processing computations such as frequency sub-band and spatial filters. Consequently, the extracted features are no longer abstract as they correspond to the features commonly used for decoding EEG data. In addition, the network uses layer-wise relevance propagation to reveal pertinent features which can further explain the computations leading to the decisions. In seizure prediction experiments using the CHB-MIT data set, the method produced classification results which improved on the state-of-the art, with first network layer filters corresponding to clinically relevant frequency bands, and the input channels in the brain location in which the seizure originates contributing most significantly to the network predictions.
A Dimension Reduction Scheme for the Computation of Optimal Unions of\n Subspaces (2010)

Given a set of points \\F in a high dimensional space, the problem of finding\na union of subspaces \\cup_i V_i\\subset \\R^N that best explains the data \\F\nincreases dramatically with the dimension of \\R^N. In this article, we study a\nclass of transformations that map the problem into another one in lower\ndimension. We use the best model in the low dimensional space to approximate\nthe best solution in the original high dimensional space. We then estimate the\nerror produced between this solution and the optimal solution in the high\ndimensional space.\n
Inkjet-Printing for Maskless Separation of Metal Structures for Back-Contact Silicon Solar Cells (2014)

A lean process route for the contact separation of back-contact solar cells is presented in this article. Inkjet-printing of an etchant is used for patterning Al- and NiV-layers with varying thickness deposited by means of physical vapor deposition (PVD). By adjusting the drop spacing of the droplets, the number of layers printed on top of each other, the temperature during printing and etching, and the etching time, the authors were able to fabricate a meander structure on a silicon wafer with an edge length of 156 mm that was coated with a 100 nm thick NiV-layer. Visual and electrical characterization was performed on test structures. The resistance between these separated structures was up to 1.5 MΩ and thus meets the requirement of a back-contact solar cell.
Erosion/corrosion in nuclear plant steam piping: causes and inspection program guidelines. Final report (1985)

Wet-steam erosion/corrosion in nuclear power plant piping is a serious industrywide problem. Utilities can use these workable recommendations and inspection guidelines to mitigate and control this phenomenon and its effects on pipe wall degradation.
MUC4 Overexpression Augments Cell Migration and Metastasis through EGFR Family Proteins in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells (2013)

MUC4 mucin expression is associated with TNBC pathobiology, and its knockdown reduced aggressiveness in vitro, and tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo. Overall, our findings suggest that MUC4 mucin promotes invasive activities of TNBC cells by altering the expression of EGFR, ErbB2, and ErbB3 molecules and their downstream signaling.
Two stage fracture of a polyethylene post in a 9-year-old posterior-stabilized knee prosthesis: a case report (2010)

Scanning electron microscopy revealed two different damage patterns that could be explained with a two-stage rupture of our patient's polyethylene post. This could have been caused by a non-optimal ligamentous balancing during first implant surgery. Her knee probably developed a varus instability that weakened the post, and then a posterior anterior stress finally broke the polyethylene.
Manejo de arroz vermelho através do tipo e arranjo de plantas de arroz irrigado no sistema de cultivo mínimo (1996)

A produtividade da cultura do arroz irrigado no RS est aqum dos melhores resultados alcanados pelas lavouras mais tecnificadas e do potencial obtido nos campos experimentais devido ineficincia de manejo e, principalmente, ao deficiente controle de plantas daninhas, entre elas o arroz vermelho.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de trs densidades (75, 150 e 225 kg/ha de sementes), trs espaamentos entre linhas(13, 20 e 30 cm) e duas cultivares de arroz (BR-IRGA 410 e IRGA 416) no manejo de arroz vermelho e nas caractersticas agronmicas de arroz irrigado no sistema de cultivo mnimo.O experimento foi conduzido na Estao Experimental do Arroz do IRGA em Cachoeirinha-RS, nos anos agrcolas de 1994/95 e 1995/96.Densidades mais elevadas associado aos menores espaamentos entre linhas diminui a competio exercida pelo arroz vermelho sobre o arroz.O uso de cultivar de ciclo precoce diminui a quantidade de sementes de arroz vermelho que realimentam o banco de sementes no solo.Mas por outro lado, aumenta a interferncia negativa dos gros desta espcie infestante na qualidade de gros do arroz.A elevao da densidade de semeadura de arroz diminui a interferncia negativa do arroz vermelho na qualidade de gros de arroz.(FAPERGS)