gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Improved Construction of LDPC Codes Based on Data Punctured Hybrid ARQ (2006)

A data puncturing type-II hybrid automatic retransmission request protocol, using LDPC codes which have the constructions with low encoding complexity and moderate matrix dimensions, is a good tradeoff between the system throughput and the hardware overhead. Based on the characteristics of this protocol that only the parity bits are sent in each retransmission and the puncturing is operated on the information bits, we introduce an improved matrix construction which increases the reliability of parity bits and the decoding performance without any further additional encoding/decoding complexity. There are two iterative decoding steps in the receiver for each retransmission, so we optimize the noise thresholds of both iterative decoding steps and find a more desirable irregular distribution by the density evolution. Simulation results of the data throughput show that the codes with the improved construction and distribution obviously outperform the original codes
Unbiased reconstruction of nonlinear distortions (2003)

When a signal goes through a system having a static, nonlinear transfer function, the output signal will be distorted. In addition, the detected output signal is usually contaminated by noise, due to the noisy environment. If we compensate the nonlinearity with its inverse, the expected value of the output signal will be different from it's original one, due to the nonlinearly distorted noise. If this difference is not acceptable, we have to use a different compensation function. We show an iterative method, which can produce a unbiased compensation function in the knowledge of the original nonlinear distortion and the noise distribution. The resultant output signal has the same expected value as the original one.
Effects of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine 2 Years after Its Introduction, the Netherlands (2010)

In the Netherlands, the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-7) was implemented in a 3+1-dose schedule in the national immunization program for infants born after April 1, 2006. To assess the vaccine's effectiveness, we compared disease incidence before and after vaccine implementation (June 2004-June 2006 and June 2006-June 2008, respectively). We serotyped 2,552 invasive pneumococcal isolates from throughout the Netherlands, covering 25% of the country's population. Clinical characteristics were extracted from hospital records. After June 2006, vaccine-serotype invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) decreased 90% (95% confidence interval [CI] 68%-97%) in children age eligible for PCV-7; simultaneously, however, non-vaccine-serotype IPD increased by 71% (not significant), resulting in a 44% total net IPD reduction (95% CI 7%-66%). IPD rates did not change for other age groups. In the Netherlands, PCV-7 offered high protection against vaccine-serotype IPD in vaccinated children, but increases of non-vaccine-serotype IPD reduced net vaccine benefits.
The histone deacetylase inhibitor Trichostatin A modulates CD4+ T cell responses (2003)

Taken together, our findings indicate that HDAC inhibitors have an immunomodulatory potential that may contribute to the potency and specificity of these antineoplastic compounds and might be useful in the treatment of autoimmune disorders.
ParTriCluster: A Scalable Parallel Algorithm for Gene Expression Analysis (2006)

Analyzing gene expression patterns is becoming a highly relevant task in the bio informatics area. This analysis makes it possible to determine the behavior patterns of genes under various conditions, a fundamental information for treating diseases, among other applications. An advance in this area is the tricluster algorithm, which is the first algorithm capable of determining 3D clusters, that is, it determines clusters of sets of genes that behave similarly in a set of samples and set of time stamps. However, while biological experiments collect an increasing amount of data to be analyzed and correlated, the triclustering problem is NP-complete, and its parallelization seems to be an essential step towards obtaining feasible solutions. In this paper we propose and evaluate the implementation of a parallel version of the tricluster algorithm using the filter-labeled-stream paradigm supported by the Anthill parallel programming environment. The results show that our parallelization scales linearly with the data size. Further, the parallelization strategy is applicable to any depth-first searches
Formal Verification of OAuth 2.0 Using Alloy Framework (2011)

Over the past few years, the paradigm of social networking has grown to such a degree that social networking websites have evolved into full-fledged platforms, catering to a wide range of consumer interests. The near-ubiquity of Internet access has facilitated the proliferation of users that indulge in social networking. However, this wide spread usage of the Internet and social networking in particular brings with it the need to design and implement a plethora of security enhancing and privacy preserving protocols and standards. Several protocols and security mechanisms have been proposed to ensure primary security features such as confidentiality, integrity, authenticity and non repudiation. However, ensuring the correctness of these protocols is crucial in ensuring user confidence in system security. Therefore, these protocols need to be verified in some formal sense that involves an exhaustive examination of the protocol flow and its state transitions. In this paper, we formalize OAuth, an authentication standard which has found wide acceptance in the Internet community. We formalize the protocol using a method called knowledge flow analysis, using the Alloy modeling language for specification and the Alloy Analyzer for verification. We show how the Alloy Analyzer successfully discovers the known security vulnerability in OAuth.
Stocking rate and supplementation for steers grazing intensively on early-stocked bluestem pasture (1982)

Native bluestem pastures were grazed by 520-lb steers from April 30 to July 14 at stocking rates of 1.7, 1.3 and 1.1 acres per steer. Daily gain of the steers was about the same for the two heavier stocking rates, but was slightly lower for the lightest rate (1.7 acres/steer). The gain per acre increased with each increase in stocking rate. Half of the steers were self-fed a salt-limited sorghum grain-rumensin mixture. Each steer consuming approximately 1.5 pounds per day of this mixture gained about a half a pound more per day (P<.05) than did each steer not fed the supplement (1.77 vs 1.27 lbs.). Gain per acre was increased by 33 lbs. with the supplementation.
A 0.5V 2.41GHz, 196.3dBc/Hz FoM differential colpitts VCO with an output voltage swing exceeding supply and ground potential requiring no additional inductor (2013)

A low-voltage differential Colpitts VCO that achieves an output voltage swing above the supply voltage and below the ground potential to improve the phase noise while requiring no additional inductor for a small chip area is proposed. Implemented in a 65nm CMOS process, the proposed VCO achieves the phase noise of -131.05dBc/Hz at an offset of 1MHz from an oscillation frequency of 2.41GHz and a FoM of 196.3dBc/Hz while dissipating 1.74mW from a 0.5V supply.
Age-related changes in the characteristics of the photoplethysmographic pulse shape at various body sites (2003)

It is accepted that older subjects have increasing arterial stiffness resulting in changes in the propagation of the pulse to the periphery, and thereby influencing the peripheral pulse timing and shape characteristics. However, this age association with pulse shape is less clear in younger subjects and for different peripheral measurement sites. The aim of this study was to determine the association between age and changes in pulse shape characteristics at the ears, fingers and toes. Photoplethysmography pulse waveforms were recorded non-invasively from the right and left sides at the ears, index fingers and great toes of 116 normal healthy human subjects. Their median age was 41 years (range 13-72) allowing four distinct age groups to be considered (subjects younger than 30 years, 30-39 years, 40-49 years and 50 years of age or older). Normalized ear, finger and toe pulse shapes were calculated, for the whole subject group, and for the subjects within each age group. The differences in shape, relative to the oldest group, were also calculated for two distinct regions of interest: the systolic rising edge and the dicrotic notch of the pulse. Subtle, gradual and significant changes in the pulse shape were found at all sites with overall elongation of the systolic rising edge (p < 0.05) and damping of the dicrotic notch (p < 0.05) with age. The overall age-related changes in multi-site PPG pulse shape characteristics at the ear, finger and toe sites have been demonstrated and quantified. Age-matched normal ranges must be considered when evaluating pulses from patients with possible vascular disease.
Modulation of White Adipose Tissue Lipolysis by Nitric Oxide (1998)

In isolated adipocytes, the nitrosothiols S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP) and S-nitrosoglutathione stimulate basal lipolysis, whereas the nitric oxide (NO.) donor 1-propamine, 3-(2-hydroxy-2-nitroso-1-propylhydrazine) (PAPA-NONOate) or NO gas have no effect. The increase in basal lipolysis due to nitrosothiols was prevented by dithiothreitol but not by a guanylate cyclase inhibitor. In addition the cyclic GMP-inhibited low Km, cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity was inhibited by SNAP suggesting that SNAP acting as NO+ donor increases basal lipolysis through a S-nitrosylation mediated inhibition of phosphodiesterase. Contrasting with these findings, SNAP reduced both isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis and cyclic AMP production, whereas it failed to modify forskolin-, dibutyryl cyclic AMP-, or isobutylmethylxanthine-stimulated lipolysis, suggesting that SNAP interferes with the beta-adrenergic signal transduction pathway upstream the adenylate cyclase. In contrast with SNAP, PAPA-NONOate or NO gas inhibited stimulated lipolysis whatever the stimulating agents used without altering cyclic AMP production. Moreover PAPA-NONOate slightly reduces (30%) the hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) activity indicating that stimulated lipolysis inhibition by NO. is linked to both inhibition of the HSL activity and the cyclic AMP-dependent activation of HSL. These data suggest that NO. or related redox species like NO+/NO- are potential regulators of lipolysis through distinct mechanisms.
Oxygen inhibition of nitrate uptake is a general regulatory mechanism in nitrate respiration. (1988)

It has recently been demonstrated that oxygen inhibits nitrate uptake by denitrifying Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine if this novel mechanism of regulation is universal for the regulation of nitrate respiration in other widely divergent species of bacteria. Nitrate transport by whole cell suspensions was completely and reversibly inhibited in 11 out of 12 species tested, whereas nitrate reduction by cell-free extracts was not affected by oxygen or was only partially inhibited in some cases. These results indicate that oxygen inhibition of nitrate uptake is a general regulatory phenomenon.
Blue LED-pumped point temperature sensor based on a fluorescence intensity ratio in Pr3+:ZBLAN glass (1996)

A fluorescence intensity ratio technique has been applied to Pr3+: ZBLAN glass, realising a point temperature sensor. We present data for a blue LED-pumped prototype which provides accurate and self-referenced measurements.
Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of ciprofloxacin (1983)

A 500-mg dose of the quinoline ciprofloxacin was administered orally to each of six healthy male volunteers, after which the concentrations of this agent in serum and blister fluid were measured. Absorption appeared to be rapid, with a mean peak level of 2.4 micrograms/ml attained 1.25 h after administration. The serum elimination half-life was 3.9 h. The agent penetrated blister fluid well, the percent penetration being 57%. Urinary recovery of ciprofloxacin was 30%.
Advanced Guide to Hydroponics (1985)

The present study extends our previous findings that exercise, which prevents the onset of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D), also prevents the detrimental effects of T2D on whole-bone and tissue-level strength. Our objective was to determine whether exercise improves bone's structural and material properties if insulin resistance is already present in the Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat. The OLETF rat is hyperphagic due to a loss-of-function mutation in cholecystokinin-1 receptor (CCK-1 receptor), which leads to progressive obesity, insulin resistance and T2D after the majority of skeletal growth is complete. Because exercise reduces body mass, which is a significant determinant of bone strength, we used a body-mass-matched caloric-restricted control to isolate body-mass-independent effects of exercise on bone. Eight-wk old, male OLETF rats were fed ad libitum until onset of hyperglycemia (20weeks of age), at which time they were randomly assigned to three groups: ad libitum fed, sedentary (O-SED); ad libitum fed, treadmill running (O-EX); or, sedentary, mild caloric restriction to match body mass of O-EX (O-CR). Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka rats served as the normophagic, normoglycemic controls (L-SED). At 32weeks of age, O-SED rats had T2D as evidenced by hyperglycemia and a significant reduction in fasting insulin compared to OLETFs at 20weeks of age. O-SED rats also had reduced total body bone mineral content (BMC), increased C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx)/tartrate resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b (TRAP5b), decreased N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (P1NP), reduced percent cancellous bone volume (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N) and increased trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) and structural model index (SMI) of the proximal tibia compared to L-SED. T2D also adversely affected biomechanical properties of the tibial diaphysis, and serum sclerostin was increased and β-catenin, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) protein expression in bone were reduced in O-SED vs. L-SED. O-EX or O-CR had greater total body bone mineral density (BMD) and BMC, and BV/TV, Tb.N, Tb.Sp, and SMI compared to O-SED. O-EX had lower CTx and CR greater P1NP relative to O-SED. O-EX, not O-CR, had greater cortical thickness and area, and improved whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties associated with a 4-fold increase in cortical bone β-catenin protein expression vs. O-SED. In summary, EX or CR initiated after the onset of insulin resistance preserved cancellous bone volume and structure, and EX elicited additional benefits in cortical bone.
Studies on the oxidation-reduction systems of the erythrocyte (1965)

1. Starvation for 3 days produces a decrease in methaemoglobin-reductase and glutathione-reductase activities, but it does not alter the glucose 6-phosphate-dehydrogenase activity of the rat erythrocyte. 2. The feeding of a protein-free diet for 11 days causes greater changes in the first two enzymes and also a diminution of the third. Under this experimental condition slight decreases in protein and haemoglobin contents were noted. 3. The experimental animals did not show methaemoglobinaemia, probably because the activity of methaemoglobin diaphorase is preserved. 4. The GSH content was not affected but the stability of the tripeptide in the presence of an oxidizing agent was diminished.
Mitochondrial uptake of rhodamine 123 by rabbit articular chondrocytes (1986)

Rhodamine 123 was used to stain and analyze by flow cytometry the mitochondria of rabbit articular chondrocytes. Stationary primary cultures and exponentially growing subcultures were compared to enzymatically released chondrocytes from cartilage. The increase in mitochondrial fluorescence, when chondrocytes are transferred from cartilage to culture environment, is suggestive of some change in chondrocyte adaptation and/or differentiation in these conditions.
DNA-based molecular diagnostic techniques : research needs for standardization and validation of the detection of aquatic animal pathogens and diseases (2000)

In efforts to limit transboundary movement of pathogens and reduce the economic and socioeconomic impact of disease in aquaculture, there is considerable scope for more effective use of DNA-based methods of pathogen detection. These technologies offer rapid results with potentially high sensitivity and specificity, at relatively low cost. However, few, if any, of the available tests have been assessed appropriately against other diagnostic methods or standardized and validated for specified applications. Implementation of standardized practices that produce reliable, useful and comparable data will require a significant investment in research, training and infrastructure development. This review recommends the development of programmes of managed cooperative research to assist more effective use of DNA-based detection tests, focusing on improving the knowledge base by identification of new and emerging pathogens, relating pathogens in the Asia region to those described elsewhere, and defining the extent of genetic variation between related pathogens. The review also recommends the development of a laboratory accreditation programme in order to achieve standardization of sampling methods and test procedures complementary to the activities of the International Office of Epizootics (OIE) in obtaining internationally agreed test standards for molecular diagnostic technologies.
Water-Soluble Hollow Nanospheres as Potential Drug Carriers (1998)

A polyisoprene-block-poly(2-cinnamoylethyl methacrylate) (PI-b-PCEMA) sample with 88 units of isoprene and 2.3 × 102 units of CEMA formed vesicles in THF/hexanes with hexanes volume fractions between 50% and 95%. The vesicles had PCEMA as the shell and PI chains stretching into the solution phase from both the inner and outer surfaces of the PCEMA shell. The cavity diameter of the vesicles is ∼38 nm, and the volume fraction of PI chains there is low. After the PCEMA shell was cross-linked, the PI chains were converted to water-soluble poly(2,3-dihydroxyl-2-methyl-butane) chains. The water-soluble hollow nanospheres uptook a large amount of rhodamine B in methanol and released the compound into water at a tunable rate depending on the amount of ethanol added to the aqueous medium. This study demostrates the potential of hollow nanospheres, prepared from tailor-made biocompataible and degradable polymers, as drug carriers in controlled drug release applications.
El Taller de escultura en Bellas Artes (2009)

El profesor ha de ser un ejemplo del dominio de sus propias materias. Ya que estan orientadas hacia la vida laboral, han de incluir conocimientos basicos en seguridad. El presente articulo complementa los conocimientos de la prevencion de riesgos en los talleres de arte. Tradicionalmente la practica artistica ha sido un mundo de secretos individuales. Mezclar la inspiracion con protocolos de trabajo seguro parece contraproducente. Sin embargo, el desarrollo de la Ley de Prevencion de Riesgos Laborales alcanza tambien a nuestro ambito. Herramientas manuales y electricas, maquinas pesadas y materiales muy diversos son habituales en el taller de los escultores y pueden ser desgraciadamente motivo de accidentes. Ademas de esto, las practicas se llevan a cabo por alumnos en periodo de formacion. Urge, por tanto, incorporar metodos seguros en la programacion docente de Bellas Artes. Queremos facilitar el acceso a las bases legales generales de la legislacion espanola y los conocimientos minimos necesarios para que un profesor lleve a cabo su propio control de riesgos.
Moving environmental DNA methods from concept to practice for monitoring aquatic macroorganisms (2014)

The discovery that macroorganisms can be detected from their environmental DNA (eDNA) in aquatic systems has immense potential for the conservation of biological diversity. This special issue contains 11 papers that review and advance the field of eDNA detection of vertebrates and other macroorganisms, including studies of eDNA production, transport, and degradation; sample collection and processing to maximize detection rates; and applications of eDNA for conservation using citizen scientists. This body of work is an important contribution to the ongoing efforts to take eDNA detection of macroorganisms from technical breakthrough to established, reliable method that can be used in survey, monitoring, and research applications worldwide. While the rapid advances in this field are remarkable, important challenges remain, including consensus on best practices for collection and analysis, understanding of eDNA diffusion and transport, and avoidance of inhibition in sample collection and processing. Nonetheless, as demonstrated in this special issue, eDNA techniques for research and monitoring are beginning to realize their potential for contributing to the conservation of biodiversity globally.
Physics on huge X-ray luminosity of Magnetars (2010)

In a superhigh magnetic field, direct Urca reactions can proceed for an arbitrary proton concentration. The magnetic field is the main energy source of all the persistent and bursting emissions observed in anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs) and soft gamma-ray repeaters (SGRs). Employing the assumption of micro-state number, we deduce the formula of electron Fermi energy EF(e) in superhigh magnetic fields. Based on observing and introducing relevant parameters introduced, a approximate way of calculating the X-ray luminosity of a Magnetar LX in any superhigh magnetic field is introduced.
The Effect of Percutaneous Screw Fixation of Lateral Malleolus on Ankle Fracture Healing and Function (2013)

Purpose: To measure the effectiveness of using percutaneous intramedullary screw fixation of the lateral malleolus fracture on the healing and functional outcome of ankle fracture. Materials and methods: Forty-six patients with Weber A and low Weber B displaced lateral malleolus fractures who underwent closed reduction and percutaneous internal fixation with an intramedullary, fully threaded, screw were retrospectively reviewed. A 3.5-mm, fully threaded, selftapping bone screw (stainless steel from Pelvic Set Synthes). The length of the screw varies between 100 mm and 120 mm, depending on the fracture location and pattern. Results: All fractures united within an average time to union of 8.2 weeks. In all patients the average time to full weight bearing was 6.8 weeks, whereas that in patients with isolated lateral malleolus fractures was 4.5 weeks. There were no deep wound infections or complaints of painful hardware. At latest follow-up, functional results were excellent in, 25 patients (54.3%) good in 20 (43.5%), fair in (2.2%). Conclusion: If reduction of the lateral malleolus fracture can be obtained in a closed fashion (with the aid of an image x-ray intensifier), we believe that fixation may be performed with an axial screw percutaneously. This technique is quick, safe and easy to do with less complication.