gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applying Penalized Binary Logistic Regression with Correlation Based Elastic Net for Variables Selection (2015)

Reduction of the high dimensional classification using penalized logistic regression is one of the challenges in applying binary logistic regression. The applied penalized method, correlation based elastic penalty (CBEP), was used to overcome the limitation of LASSO and elastic net in variable selection when there are perfect correlation among explanatory variables. The performance of the CBEP was demonstrated through its application in analyzing two well-known high dimensional binary classification data sets. The CBEP provided superior classification performance and variable selection compared with other existing penalized methods. It is a reliable penalized method in binary logistic regression.
Analysis and Compensation of Lombard Speech Across Noise Type and Levels With Application to In-Set/Out-of-Set Speaker Recognition (2009)

Speech production in the presence of noise results in the Lombard effect, which is known to have a serious impact on speech system performance. In this study, Lombard speech produced under different types and levels of noise is analyzed in terms of duration, energy histogram, and spectral tilt. Acoustic-phonetic differences are shown to exist between different ldquoflavorsrdquo of Lombard speech based on analysis of trends from a Gaussian mixture model (GMM)-based Lombard speech type classifier. For the first time, the dependence of Lombard speech on noise type and noise level is established for the purposes of speech processing systems. Also, the impact of the different flavors of Lombard effect on speech system performance is shown with respect to an in-set/out-of-set speaker recognition task. System performance is shown to degrade from an equal error rate (EER) of <b xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7.0%</b> under matched neutral training and testing conditions, to an average EER of <b xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">26.92%</b> when trained with neutral and tested with Lombard effect speech. Furthermore, improvement in the performance of in-set/out-of-set speaker recognition is demonstrated by adapting neutral speaker models with Lombard speech data of limited duration. Improved average EERs of <b xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4.75%</b> and <b xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12.37%</b> were achieved for matched and mismatched adaptation and testing conditions, respectively. At the highest noise levels, an EER as low as <b xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1.78%</b> was obtained by adapting neutral speaker models with Lombard speech of limited duration. The study therefore illustrates the impact of Lombard effect on speaker recognition, and effective methods to improve system performance for speaker recognition when train/test conditions are mismatched for neutral versus Lombard effect speech.
Immediate Ambulation after a First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Fusion using a Locking Plate: Technique and case reports (2010)

The Foot and
Thymalfasin: an immune system enhancer for the treatment of liver disease (2004)

Thymalfasin (thymosin-alpha 1) is an immunomodulating agent able to enhance the Th1 immune response. It has been evaluated for its immunomodulatory activities and related therapeutic potential in several diseases, including chronic hepatitis B and C, AIDS, primary immunodeficiency diseases, depressed response to vaccination and cancer. The basis for effectiveness in these conditions is primarily through modulation of immunological responsiveness, as thymalfasin has been shown to have beneficial effects on numerous immune system parameters and to increase T-cell differentiation and maturation. Thymalfasin is responsible for reconstitution of immune function when thymic tissue is given back to thymectomized animals. In addition, thymalfasin has been shown to have efficacy in multiple experimental models of immune dysfunction, mainly, infectious diseases such as hepatitis (woodchuck) and influenza (mouse), and cancer such as melanoma (mouse) and colorectal carcinoma (rat) where thymalfasin has shown antitumor effects.
Tunable surface acoustic wave oscillators using magnetostrictive thin films (1979)

RF sputtered thin films of nickel deposited on YZ-LiNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> have been used for magnetically tunable oscillators and delay lines. Velocity variations Δv/v of 7 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> at 189 MHz were observed at magnetic fields of 110 Oe, a significant improvement over similar thermally evaporated films. Detailed experimental results are given for both variable delay lines and tunable oscillators.
Gait disorders and balance disturbances in Parkinsonʼs disease: clinical update and pathophysiology (2008)

Insights into the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease continue to grow. At the same time, it is becoming clear that some patients may in fact deteriorate with treatment. Future research should focus on the development and evaluation of multifactorial fall prevention strategies.
A Hierarchical Name System Based on Hybrid P2P for Data-Centric Networks (2012)

Data-centric network plays an important part in the next generation network architecture. And name system is one of basic elements in data-centric network. This paper describes an approach which achieves the name system design criterion. In naming, a combination of three entities is used to achieve security, scalability, and flexibility. In name resolution, a three-layer structure is proposed to achieve precise and semantic resolutions.
INCOMPLETELY EXCISED BASAL CELL CARCINOMA: A MANAGEMENT DILEMMA? (1996)

Observation is an acceptable management option in most situations, as only one-third of incompletely excised lesions needed further treatment. Most recurrences occurred early and careful follow up of these patients was indicated for at least 3 years.
Undersulfation of Heparan Sulfate Restricts Differentiation Potential of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells (2012)

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans, present on cell surfaces and in the extracellular matrix, interact with growth factors and morphogens to influence growth and differentiation of cells. The sulfation pattern of the heparan sulfate chains formed during biosynthesis in the Golgi compartment will determine the interaction potential of the proteoglycan. The glucosaminyl N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase (NDST) enzymes have a key role during biosynthesis, greatly influencing total sulfation of the heparan sulfate chains. The differentiation potential of mouse embryonic stem cells lacking both NDST1 and NDST2 was studied using in vitro differentiation protocols, expression of differentiation markers, and assessment of the ability of the cells to respond to growth factors. The results show that NDST1 and NDST2 are dispensable for mesodermal differentiation into osteoblasts but necessary for induction of adipocytes and neural cells. Gene expression analysis suggested a differentiation block at the primitive ectoderm stage. Also, GATA4, a primitive endoderm marker, was expressed by these cells. The addition of FGF4 or FGF2 together with heparin rescued the differentiation potential to neural progenitors and further to mature neurons and glia. Our results suggest that the embryonic stem cells lacking both NDST1 and NDST2, expressing a very low sulfated heparan sulfate, can take the initial step toward differentiation into all three germ layers. Except for their potential for mesodermal differentiation into osteoblasts, the cells are then arrested in a primitive ectoderm and/or endoderm stage.
Extraction and classification of pulmonary organs based on thoracic 3D CT images (2001)

Abstract Recent progress in helical CT technology has given rise to considerable interest and expectations regarding diagnosis based on 3D CT images. In this context, computer‐aided diagnosis techniques for 3D CT images are required. This study introduces a method for analysis of thoracic 3D CT images, which contain important information for lung cancer diagnosis. The lung field includes the bronchi and pulmonary arteries and veins, as well as other organs; lung cancer influences these organs in a complicated and intermixed way. The proposed method supports extraction and classification of bronchi, arteries, and veins from thoracic 3D CT images using anatomical knowledge and 3D image processing technologies, and analysis of the relations between these pulmonary organs and suspected lung cancer. The extraction of pulmonary organs includes removal of bias components, extraction of bronchi and blood vessels, discrimination between bronchi and blood vessels, and identification of arteries and veins among blood vessels. Quantitative relations between suspected lung cancer and adjacent pulmonary organs are found. The effectiveness of the proposed method is shown using 3D CT images of healthy and cancerous lungs. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 32(9): 42–53, 2001
Clothoid road geometry unsuitable for sensor fusion clothoid parameter sloshing (2004)

The cubic polynomial clothoidal approximation is widely used for road lane modeling in vehicle applications such as adaptive cruise control, collision warning, lane departure warning, autonomous steering, etc. For applications that apply multi-sensor data fusion to form the estimate of the road lane model, we demonstrate that the cubic polynomial clothoidal approximation is a poor parameter space due to large sensitivity to coefficient errors. Small systematic or random errors (noise) lead to substantially similar lane geometries, but significantly different clothoid parameters.
Purification and biochemical characterization of a novel thermostable lipase from <i>Aspergillus niger</i> (2000)

An extracellular 1,3-specific lipase with molecular weight of 35.5 kDa and an isoelectric point of 4.4 from Aspergillus niger has been purified 50-fold by pH precipitation followed by a series of chromatographic steps with an overall yield of 10%. The enzyme was homogeneous as judged by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and size-exclusion fast-performance liquid chromatography. It contained 2.8% sugar which was completely removed by endoglycosidase F treatment, and the deglycosylated enzyme retained full activity. The native lipase showed optimal activity between temperatures 35 and 55 degrees C and pH 5.0 and 6.0. The amino acid composition and the N-terminal sequence were found to be different from lipases previously purified from A. niger. The enzyme was resistant to trypsin, chymotrypsin, endoprotease Glu-C, thrombin, and papain under native conditions but was susceptible to cleavage by the same proteases when heat-denatured.
Properties of Sn-doped Bi2Te3 − xSex single crystals (2006)

The effect of Sn doping (0.2 and 0.4 at %) on the properties of Czochralski-grown single crystals of n-type Bi2Te2.85Se0.15 solid solutions is studied. Thermoelectric power, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and Hall effect measurements in the range 77–400 K demonstrate that Sn doping has a significant effect on the transport properties of the solid solutions. Between 300 and 370 K, the thermoelectric figure of merit of Bi1.996Sn0.004Te2.85Se0.15 single crystals is higher than that of the Sn-free solid solution. In addition, hot-microprobe thermoelectric power measurements, highly sensitive to variations in carrier concentration, indicate that the Sn-doped single crystals are very uniform in electrical properties, both along the growth direction and radially.
Commodity exports and the adding up problem in developing countries : trade, investment, and lending policy (1994)

Multilateral development banks, including the World Bank, have advocated free trade policies for developing countries, including free trade in commodities. But although free trade in commodities maximizes world welfare, it does not maximize income or welfare for countries with power on the world market (such as Brazil for coffee and Cote d'Ivoire for cocoa). If the reference group selected is developing countries as a whole, or the coffee or cocoa producing countries, free trade is not optimal for those commodities. Multilateral development banks that have supported the coffee and cocoa agreements in the past recognize this. The World Bank has imposed lending restrictions on coffee, cocoa, tea, and sugar for feat that added investments would result in lower terms of trade and lost income. Given that free trade is not optimal and that some restrictions on output and investment might be desirable, the author addresses the following issues: What policy should commodity-producing countries pursue? What advice should multilateral banks offer about trade and investment policy? And what lending policy should multilateral banks pursue? The following principles guide the authors analysis: (a) The fact that a country has power on the world market for a specific commodity does not mean that it should not proceed with general reform. The theory of the second-best says that distortions should be attacked at the source. So countries should proceed with stabilization and trade and domestic liberalization policies and should apply optimal export taxes to those commodities in which they have market power; and (b) In their advice on trade and investment policies, and in their lending policies, multilateral development banks should not use a country-by-country approach but should take spillover effects and strategic interactions into account.
Kynurenines and Seizures (1981)

Recent data and concepts concerning the convulsant effects of kynurenines, neuroactive metabolites of tryptophan, in mice, rats, and frogs are reviewed. Myoclonic seizures of the hindlegs are induced in mice by l- and d,l-kynurenine. Both l- and d,l-kynurenine exhibit a selective synergism with strychnine. The convulsant effect of l-kynurenine is selectively antagonized by taurine, less selectively by l-glycine, and not at all by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) or the GABA agonist muscimol. Derivatives of GABA and some standard anticonvulsant drugs alter seizures induced by l-kynurenine and quinolinic acid in different ways. The involvement of brian kynurenines in the genesis of epileptic seizures is suggested.
The water absorption of wheat flour: Relative effects of protein and starch (1959)

Abstract The water absorptions of flour from 23 samples of two wheat varieties, Atle and Hybrid 46, have been measured. Comparison of the results with estimates of flour‐nitrogen and damaged starch content, indicate that differences in absorption are largely accounted for by variation in these factors. The evidence also confirms previous suggestions that more starch damage occurs in the milling of “hard” than “soft” wheats and that in “hard” wheats starch damage is likely to increase with the protein content of the wheat.
Smart MR Imaging Agents Relevant to Potential Neurologic Applications (2009)

Molecular imaging is aimed at the noninvasive visualization of the expression and function of bioactive molecules that often represent specific molecular signatures in disease processes. Any molecular imaging procedure requires an imaging probe that is specific to a given molecular event, which puts an important emphasis on chemistry development. In MR imaging, the past years have witnessed significant advances in the design of molecular agents, though most of these efforts have not yet progressed to in vivo studies. In this review, we present some examples relevant to potential neurobiologic applications. Our aim was to show what chemistry can bring to the area of molecular MR imaging with a focus on the 2 main classes of imaging probes: Gd(3+)-based and PARACEST agents. We will discuss responsive probes for the detection of metal ions such as Ca, Zn, Fe, and Cu, pH, enzymatic activity, and oxygenation state.
Multiple antibiotic-resistance mechanisms including a novel combination of extended-spectrum  -lactamases in a Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical strain isolated in Argentina (2003)

Klebsiella pneumoniae M1803, isolated from a paediatric patient with chronic urinary infection, presented nine antimicrobial resistance mechanisms harboured on two conjugative megaplasmids, in addition to the chromosomally mediated SHV-1 beta-lactamase. These nine antimicrobial resistance mechanisms comprised two extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) (PER-2 and CTX-M-2), TEM-1-like, OXA-9-like, AAC(3)-IIa, AAC(6')-Ib, ANT(3")-Ia and resistance determinants to tetracycline and chloramphenicol. During fluoroquinolone treatment, a variant derived from M1803 (named M1826) was selected, with an overall increase of MICs, in particular of cefoxitin and carbapenems. No enzymic activity against these latter drugs was found. Mutations in the region analogous to the quinolone resistance-determining region were not found. Strain M1826 was deficient in OmpK35/36 expression, which produced the decrease in the susceptibility to cefoxitin, carbapenems and fluoroquinolones. The blaCTX-M-2 gene was located in an unusual class 1 integron, which includes Orf513, as occurred in the recently described In35. In addition, Tn3 and Tn1331 were detected in both K. pneumoniae isolates. This is the first report of in vivo selection of an OmpK35/36 deficiency in a K. pneumoniae strain that produced a novel combination of two ESBLs (CTX-M-2 and PER-2) during fluoroquinolone treatment in a paediatric patient with chronic urinary infection.
A protocol for billing mobile network access devices operating in foreign networks (2002)

Mobile computing is becoming pervasive, and with it comes the demand for unfettered network access for mobile users. Currently, mobile network access is provided by a relatively small number of service providers, in part due to the high costs of operating wireless network systems and the accompanying "backbone" architectures. Mobile users have to establish proprietary billing arrangements with their service providers, and are limited to using the wireless networks run by their service provider. The existence of the Internet as the baseline network backbone with its unifying TCP/IP architecture, and the advances in low cost wireless network technology allows for a new means of wireless network access for mobile users. Small scale service providers can simply install low cost wireless network base stations and plug them into the Internet, providing network access to any willing mobile user. The low barriers to entry makes it likely that there will be a large number of service providers. A non-proprietary billing protocol used among these service providers will allow mobile users to use any service provider's network. This leads to better wireless coverage for the mobile user. The authors propose one such protocol. This protocol may be implemented as an extension to the Mobile IP protocol, as they share certain similarities in their execution. This would spur its deployment as Mobile IP is an open standard that will likely be used by mobile users.
Regional Cooperation in Extension Entomology (1928)

Journal Article Regional Cooperation in Extension Entomology Get access Ernest N. Cory Ernest N. Cory State Entomologist College Park, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 21, Issue 4, 1 August 1928, Pages 563–564, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/21.4.563 Published: 01 August 1928
DNA Modification and Restriction (1969)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Control of repetitive lip and finger movements in parkinson's disease: Influence of external timing signals and simultaneous execution on motor performance (1997)

This study addresses the question of whether external timing signals and/or simultaneous rhythmic movements of other limbs can alleviate sequencing motor deficits associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). Subjects performed rhythmic lip and finger movements simultaneously or in isolation. In addition, they had to self-pace their movements or match them to an external signal. Our results are summarized as follows: (1) Seven of 12 patients had adequate mean repetition rates; that is, they fulfilled the task requirements on a global scale. The remaining five patients had various degrees of hastened responses and were not fully able to synchronize their movements to an external pacing signal. (b) PD patients exhibited hypometria in their finger tapping, but not in their lip movements. Their movements were not abnormally slowed, but peak velocity was appropriately scaled, even to reduced movement amplitudes. (c) Mean repetition rates, stability of frequency response, and kinematics did not differ between conditions of external and internal stimulation within the PD group, but were different form the control group performance. (d) Kinematic measures were not improved during dual-task execution. PD patients were not able to maintain a 1:1 rhythm between effectors. The incidence of hastening increased during simultaneous motor execution. We conclude that the use of external pacing signals might aid movement initiation of PD patients, but does not improve their temporal or spatial coordination when generating repetitive movements. Simultaneous execution does not necessarily enhance motor performance, but might actually have detrimental effects in patients prone to hastening.
What Works in Falls Prevention After Stroke? (2010)

Fall risk is high in stroke survivors; however, the only intervention shown to be effective in reducing falls in this review was vitamin D supplementation. Consistency in outcome measurement would enable comparisons across studies. Additionally, further research evaluating a range of single and multifactorial interventions for fall prevention in the stroke population is required.
Development of hollow fiber catalytic membrane reactors for high temperature gas cleanup (1994)

The technology employed in the Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) permits burning coals with a wide range of sulfur concentrations. Emissions from the process should be reduced by an order of magnitude below stringent federal air quality regulations for coal-fired plants. The maximum thermal efficiency of this type of process can be achieved by removing sulfur and particulates from the high temperature gas. The objective of this project was to develop economically and technically viable catalytic membrane reactors for high temperature, high pressure gaseous contaminant control in IGCC systems. These catalytic membrane reactors were used to decompose H{sub 2}S and separate the reaction products. The reactors were designed to operate in the hostile process environment of the IGCC systems, and at temperatures ranging from 500 to 1,000. Feasibility of the membrane reactor process for decomposition of hydrogen sulfide was demonstrated; permeability and selectivity of molecular-sieve and Vycor glass membranes were studied at temperatures up to 1,000 C; experimental study of hydrogen sulfide in the membrane reactor was completed; and a generalized mathematical model was developed for the simulation of the high temperature membrane reactor.
Web Features (2017)

PHP is a language created for the web. Its original purpose was to make it easier to make web pages and it remains heavily focused on server-side scripting. This chapter looks at some of the language features that make it one of the world's most popular server-side web programming languages.