gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical Switch Based on Nanocrystalline VOx Thin Film (2009)

An optical switch is fabricated based on nanocrystalline vanadium oxide thin film with micromachining technology, and has ON state with semi-conducting phase and OFF state with metallic phase. At optical communication wavelength, its power dissipation is 15mW, extinction ratio is 14dB and switching response time is 2ms.
Histologic analysis of photochemical lesions produced in rhesus retina by short-wave-length light. (1978)

The photopathology of retinal lesions produced by extended exposure (1000 sec) to low corneal power levels (62 microW) of blue light (441 nm) was investigated by light microscopy in 20 rhesus eyes over an interval ranging from 1 hr to 90 days after exposure. Results indicate a nonthermal type of photochemical lesion originating in the retinal pigment epithelium and leading to a histological response with hypopigmentation which requires 48 hr to appear. This type of lesion helps to explain solar retinitis and eclipse blindness and has significance for aging and degenerative changes in the retina.
An Overview of Corporate Social and Environmental Reporting (CSER) in Developing Countries (2010)

This article is intended to complement the literature reviews on corporate social and environmental reporting (CSER) with special focus on the <br />developing countries. It focuses on the factors influencing CSER and their theoretical interpretations. It is found that a wide variety of factors related with the socio-economic and political context in which the corporation exist influence the corporate decision to engage in CSER. While a number of overlapping theories can be used, it is recommended to use the political economy theory for its international implications. This article provides a foundation for future research and development in the area of CSER.<br /><br />
VITAMIN B12Co60 DISTRIBUTION IN DOG TISSUES DURING MANY MONTHS (1958)

Experiments dealing with the distribution of B(12)Co(60) in the dog indicate that with time (9 months after administration) there is a shift in the distribution of the vitamin as compared to the short term experiments, as well as prolonged retention of the vitamin within various dog tissues. The heart, gastric mucosa, liver, spleen, and brain show high concentrations of the isotope in long term experiments. This distribution, in the heart for example, does not fit with an hypothetical breakdown of B(12)Co(60) complex and storage of a physiologically inactive fraction. Repeated periods of anemia produced by phenylhydrazine make it possible to demonstrate radioactive material in red cell stroma of dogs that have previously received vitamin B(12)Co(60). This radioactive material must have come from other body stores, such as liver and stomach. The high concentration of B(12)Co(60) in the gastric mucosa suggests a relationship between it and the intrinsic factor as described by Castle.
Design and performance analysis of a growable multicast ATM switch (2002)

In this paper, we design and analyze a growable multicast ATM switch. It can grow to a large size since both cell routing and contention resolution are designed to distribute over the switch elements, and the switch structure is modular. The output ports are partitioned into groups to permit sharing of routing paths. The concept of group routing helps reduce an order of magnitude of switch elements. A two-stage switch architecture is described to illustrate our design principle. The switch can be easily expanded to a larger size by using more stages. The performance analysis of the switch in terms of cell loss rate, cell delay, mean queue length, mean waiting time, and throughput is conducted using the M/Geom/1 model. Experimental results show that the proposed ATM switch not only meets the ATM performance requirements either for unicasting or multicasting but also uses fewer switch elements and has less delay than other comparable switches.
Minimum Chi-Square, not Maximum Likelihood! (1980)

The sovereignty of MLE is questioned. Minimum $\chi^2_\lambda$ yields the same estimating equations as MLE. For many cases, as illustrated in presented examples, and further algorithmic exploration in progress may show that for all cases, minimum $\chi^2_\lambda$ estimates are available. In this sense minimum $\chi^2$ is the basic principle of estimation. The criterion of asymptotic sufficiency which has been called "second order efficiency" is rejected as a criterion of goodness of estimate as against some loss function such as the mean squared error. The relation between MLE and sufficiency is not assured, as illustrated in an example in which MLE yields $\infty$ as estimate with samples that have different values of the sufficient statistic. Other examples are cited in which minimal sufficient statistics exist but where the MLE is not sufficient. The view is advanced that statistics is a science, not mathematics or philosophy (inference) and as such requires that any claimed attributes of the MLE must be testable by a Monte Carlo experiment.
[16S rDNA clone library analysis of microbial diversity associated with the PSP-producing dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense]. (2009)

The composition of bacterial community in the Alexandrium tamarense culture was determined by analyzing the 16S rDNA clone libraries. 16S rRNA gene was amplified by using the total DNA extracted from the A. tamarense culture at three growth stages as templates. 34 different restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns of the clones were obtained from the three libraries. Clones representing each RFLP patterns were sequenced and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Proteobacteria and the Bacteroidetes group can be the dominant component in the phycosphere microflora. Results showed that in the lag phase, alpha-Proteobacteria (36.4%), gamma-Proteobacteria (27.3%) and Bacteroidetes (27.3%) were the dominant group; in the late-exponential phase, the clones belonged to alpha-Proteobacteria (53.3%), beta-Proteobacteria (13.3%), gamma-Proteobacteria (6.7%), and Bacteroidetes (26.7%); and in the stationary phase, the community was comprised of alpha-Proteobacteria (47.8%), beta-Proteobacteria (8.7%), gamma-Proteobacteria (21.7%), delta-Proteobacteria (4.3%) and Bacteroidetes (17.4%). The results also suggest that a part of the bacteria associated with A. tamarense are uncultured and novel species. And these bacteria may play a major role in regulating the processes of algal bloom initiation, maintenance and decline. So these results may provide us great academic and practical importance in controlling the algal blooms by microbes.
Protein Synthesis in Maize during Anaerobic and Heat Stress (1992)

Protein accumulation and protein synthesis were investigated during anaerobic stress and heat shock in maize seedlings (Zea mays L.). Antibodies against alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPC) were used to investigate the expression of the genes encoding these proteins during stress treatment. ADH1 protein accumulation is shown to increase about 10-fold in the root after 24 hours of anaerobic treatment. The Gpc gene products are separable into two size classes: the slow mobility GAPC1 and GAPC2 (GAPC1/2), and the faster GAPC3 and GAPC4 (GAPC3/4). The GAPC1/2 antigen did not increase at all, whereas the GAPC3/4 antigen increased less than fourfold. The proteins synthesized in the root during aerobic and anaerobic conditions were compared, and GAPC3/4 was identified as an anaerobic polypeptide. In vitro translations were used to estimate the levels of different mRNAs in roots following anaerobiosis, recovery from anaerobiosis, and heat shock. This was compared with the in vivo protein synthesis rates in roots labeled under identical conditions. In vivo labeling indicates that GAPC and ADH are not heat shock proteins. Although both GAPC3/4- and ADH1-translatable mRNA levels increase about 10-fold during anaerobiosis, in vivo labeling of these proteins (relative to total protein synthesis) is further enhanced, leading to a selective translation effect for ADH1 of threefold, and for GAPC3/4 of sixfold. In contrast, anoxia causes no change in GAPC1/2-translatable mRNA levels or in vivo labeling. As an additional comparison, beta-glucosidase mRNA levels are found to be constant during anoxia, but in vivo synthesis decreases.
Depression in the Elderly (1978)

Journal Article Depression in the Elderly Get access J. Williamson J. Williamson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Age and Ageing, Volume 7, Issue suppl, 1978, Pages 35–40, https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/7.suppl.35 Published: 01 June 1978
Neighbour cell monitoring in a 3rd generation TDMA systems (2002)

This paper discuss the use of neighbour cell monitoring in 3rd generation TDMA systems. In GSM neighbour cell monitoring requires a constant power beacon carrier in each cell. The traffic channels which are allocated in this carrier can not use techniques like frequency hopping, power control or DTX, which will cause more interference to other users. Also constant power beacon carrier will lead to double the network planning. Several alternatives to handle neighbour cell monitoring are discussed. The most interesting one is found to be a beacon signal which is non-continuous and time hopping, because it decreases the transmitted interfering beacon signal power and also maintains the compatibility with GSM type monitoring. A non-continuous beacon signal increases the network capacity, because it causes less interference. By using GSM parameters this increment is estimated to be over 20%.
Autofluorescence of bone tissues (1967)

The phenomenen of autofluorescence of bone is due primarily to the collagen itself rather than to incidental substances adsorbed on to it. Fluorescent microscopy is a convenient method of dating the different microanatomical components of bone, and in this respect the same conclusions can be reached from the study of microradiographs or autofluorescent photographs, which is proof of the intimate relation between the development of matrix and the progression of mineralization.
Maximum Output Torque Control in Improved Flux Path Homopolar Brushless DC Motor With Axillary Field by Using Optimal Control of Turn-ON and Turn-OFF Angles in Variable Speed Applications (2018)

This paper presents the principles of operation, electromagnetic behavior analysis, and a search technique based on the finite-element analysis in order to determine the optimum control parameters of an improved flux path Homopolar brushless dc motor (IFP-HBLDC). In the proposed IFP-HBLDC structure, a permanent magnet is replaced by a dc excited assisted field coil to control and regulate the flux. In this paper, for different values of speed, maximum torque is determined by calculating the optimal turn-on and turn-off angles and the optimal field current which provides more flexible control over wide ranges of speed. To such aim, the behavior of the commutation angles is analyzed first by a numerical technique using the 3-D electromagnetic field analysis, in which the analysis of the collected data has shown that the commutation angles providing the maximum electromagnetic torque. The technique was successfully used offline to determine the optimum firing angles for achieving the highest drive efficiency to maximize the electromagnetic torque in a prototype 1.5-kW three-phase IFP-HBLDC motor drive intended for variable speed application. The performance prediction and test results are found in good correlation.
Nonparametric pathway-based regression models for analysis of genomic data (2006)

High-throughout genomic data provide an opportunity for identifying pathways and genes that are related to various clinical phenotypes. Besides these genomic data, another valuable source of data is the biological knowledge about genes and pathways that might be related to the phenotypes of many complex diseases. Databases of such knowledge are often called the metadata. In microarray data analysis, such metadata are currently explored in post hoc ways by gene set enrichment analysis but have hardly been utilized in the modeling step. We propose to develop and evaluate a pathway-based gradient descent boosting procedure for nonparametric pathways-based regression (NPR) analysis to efficiently integrate genomic data and metadata. Such NPR models consider multiple pathways simultaneously and allow complex interactions among genes within the pathways and can be applied to identify pathways and genes that are related to variations of the phenotypes. These methods also provide an alternative to mediating the problem of a large number of potential interactions by limiting analysis to biologically plausible interactions between genes in related pathways. Our simulation studies indicate that the proposed boosting procedure can indeed identify relevant pathways. Application to a gene expression data set on breast cancer distant metastasis identified that Wnt, apoptosis, and cell cycle-regulated pathways are more likely related to the risk of distant metastasis among lymph-node-negative breast cancer patients. Results from analysis of other two breast cancer gene expression data sets indicate that the pathways of Metalloendopeptidases (MMPs) and MMP inhibitors, as well as cell proliferation, cell growth, and maintenance are important to breast cancer relapse and survival. We also observed that by incorporating the pathway information, we achieved better prediction for cancer recurrence.
Oxygen distribution and consumption in the macaque retina (2007)

The oxygen distribution in the retina of six anesthetized macaques was investigated as a model for retinal oxygenation in the human retina in and adjacent to the fovea. P(O2) was measured as a function of retinal depth under normal physiological conditions in light and dark adaptation with O(2) microelectrodes. Oxygen consumption (Q(O2)) of the photoreceptors was extracted by fitting a steady-state diffusion model to P(O2) measurements. In the perifovea, the P(O2) was 48 +/- 13 mmHg (mean and SD) at the choroid and fell to a minimum of 3.8 +/- 1.9 mmHg around the photoreceptor inner segments in dark adaptation, rising again toward the inner retina. The P(O2) in the inner half of the retina in darkness was 17.9 +/- 7.8 mmHg. When averaged over the outer retina, photoreceptor Q(O2) (called Q(av)) was 4.6 +/- 2.3 ml O(2).100 g(-1).min(-1) under dark-adapted conditions. Illumination sufficient to saturate the rods reduced Q(av) to 72 +/- 11% of the dark-adapted value. Both perifoveal and foveal photoreceptors received most of their O(2) from the choroidal circulation. While foveal photoreceptors have more mitochondria, the Q(O2) of photoreceptors in the fovea was 68% of that in the perifovea. Oxygenation in macaque retina was similar to that previously found in cats and other mammals, reinforcing the relevance of nonprimate animal models for the study of retinal oxygenation, but there was a smaller reduction in Q(O2) with light than observed in cats, which may have implications for understanding the influence of light under some clinical conditions.
Reproductive and Hormonal Risk Factors for Urinary Incontinence in Later Life: A Review of the Clinical and Epidemiologic Literature (1998)

This review provides a framework for further investigation of the complex relationships between reproductive risk factors and urinary incontinence. Integration of physiologic, clinical, and epidemiologic studies is needed to address the compelling health care issue of urinary incontinence. Suggestions are made for further areas of research.
육계의 전립선암세포에서 YAP 활성 억제를 통한 전이 저해 효능 연구 (2019)

Objectives : Recently, natural bioactive components catch a major attention for their potent anticarcinogenic activity. In this study, the inhibitory effect of Cinnamomi Cortex (CC) was examined in PC3 prostate cancer cells.
Methods : The toxicity of CC extract was evaluated with cell viability and cell morphology. The activity of Yes associated protein (YAP) was tested with qRT-PCR for the target gene expression such as CTGF and AMOTL2. Western blotting was performed for the evaluation of phospho-YAP level. For cell motility analysis, cellular motility was imaged by live imaging system for 6 hr. Successive images were used for the generation of movie file. Using this movie file, cellular migration was manually tracked and analyzed using time-lapse microscope and Fiji software.
Results : Cytotoxicity of CC extract was not detected at 500 ㎍/㎖ or below concentration. Although 500 ㎍/㎖ of CC extract reduced CTGF and AMOTL2 gene expression as YAP target genes, it was not statistically significant (CTGF expression P=0.0605, AMOTL2 expression P=0.4478). However, phosphorylated YAP was highly enhanced by CC extract treatment, when normalized with total YAP protein expression, suggesting YAP activation was inhibited. Finally prostate cancer cell motility was markedly reduced by 500 ㎍/㎖ of CC extract.
Conclusions : CC extract suppresses cancer cell motility and migration ability through inhibiting YAP activation without prostate cancer cell death, suggesting that this herb might be effective therapeutic drug for prostate cancer metastasis.
Graphene/Group 5 Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Composites for Electrochemical Applications (2017)

In comparison to the extensive research and great success attained by Group 6 transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) as hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts, there is limited research focused on metallic Group 5 TMDs for use as electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution. Density functional theory calculations have pointed out that Group 5 TMDs are highly favorable for HER, especially vanadium disulfide. In this work, nanocomposites of graphene and Group 5 TMDs were synthesized by thermal exfoliation of graphene oxide/TMD precursors in an H<sub>2</sub> S atmosphere or in a H<sub>2</sub> atmosphere as a control. Graphene oxide was prepared by the Hummers method while vanadium tetrachloride, niobium pentachloride, and tantalum pentachloride were utilized as TMD precursors. Then the potential of these nanocomposites as electrocatalysts towards HER was explored. Although these nanocomposites do not have comparable HER performance to Group 6 TMDs, they exhibit higher electrocatalytic activity in comparison with thermally reduced graphene oxide (TRGO) in the absence of TMD modification. In addition, the capacitive performance of these materials was also investigated in consideration of the high capacitance of graphene. It was indicated that the presence of TMDs on graphene actually suppress the capacitance performance of graphene itself.
A Task-oriented Approach to the Pre-service Teacher Education in the Classroom of English Teaching Methodology (ETM) (2006)

This paper concerns itself with a task-oriented approach to the pre-service teacher education in the Classroom of English Teaching Methodology (ETM). We attempt to use an explicit theoretic framework to guide the practice of ETM classroom in teacher education. The basic assumption is that we can use methodology which we use in teaching language, and apply those techniques and methods to train student teachers. By this approach the student teachers can adopt a research orientation to their own classrooms and their own teaching, an inquiry-based and discovery-oriented approach to learning is greatly emphasized, and they also can form the habit of generating theories and hypotheses and reflecting critically on teaching.
Nonlinear suppression of incoherent interferometriccrosstalk using dispersion-imbalanced loop mirror (2000)

The suppression of interchannel interferometric crosstalk and reduction of extinction-ratio induced power penalty have been demonstrated by means of nonlinear switching in a dispersion-imbalanced fibre loop mirror (DILM).
Melt Segregation and Strain Partitioning: Implications for Seismic Anisotropy and Mantle Flow (2003)

One of the principal means of understanding upper mantle dynamics involves inferring mantle flow directions from seismic anisotropy under the assumption that the seismic fast direction (olivine a axis) parallels the regional flow direction. We demonstrate that (i) the presence of melt weakens the alignment of a axes and (ii) when melt segregates and forms networks of weak shear zones, strain partitions between weak and strong zones, resulting in an alignment of a axes 90 degrees from the shear direction in three-dimensional deformation. This orientation of a axes provides a new means of interpreting mantle flow from seismic anisotropy in partially molten deforming regions of Earth.
Image Processing of Corona Virus Using Interferometry (2016)

A new method of image processing of corona virus based on two and multiple beam interference is suggested. The method is based on measuring the fringe shift with respect to the background interference pattern. The interested application of the corona virus image in confocal microscopy is getting depth information since it has the property of optical sectioning. An accurate measurement of the fringe shift is obtained using multiple beam interference since contrast is higher than that for two beam interference. The refractive index of the corona virus image is deduced from the fringe shift. A MATLAB code is used for the processing of all images.
Budget Prospects: The Problem of the Sterling Balances (1990)

Does the balance of payments deficit matter? Stephen Lewis, of Fifth Horseman Publications and UBS Phillips & Drew, suggests that the build‐up in sterling balances provides an ominous background to the budget.
A Multiscale Fusion Convolutional Neural Network for Plant Leaf Recognition (2018)

Plant leaf recognition is a computer vision task used to automatically recognize plant species. It is very challenging since rich plant leaf morphological variations, such as sizes, textures, shapes, venation, and so on. Most existing plant leaf methods typically normalize all plant leaf images to the same size and recognize them at one scale, resulting in unsatisfactory performances. In this letter, a multiscale fusion convolutional neural network (MSF-CNN) is proposed for plant leaf recognition at multiple scales. First, an input image is down-sampled into multiples low resolution images with a list of bilinear interpolation operations. Then, these input images with different scales are step-by-step fed into the MSF-CNN architecture to learn discriminative features at different depths. At this stage, the feature fusion between two different scales is realized by a concatenation operation, which concatenates feature maps learned on different scale images from a channel view. Along with the depth of the MSF-CNN, multiscale images are progressively handled and the corresponding features are fused. Third, the last layer of the MSF-CNN aggregates all discriminative information to obtain the final feature for predicting the plant species of the input image. Experiments show the proposed MSF-CNN method is superior to multiple state-of-the art plant leaf recognition methods on the MalayaKew Leaf dataset and the LeafSnap Plant Leaf dataset.
A high stability mains-operated recording thermistor thermometer (1958)

A simple recording thermometer is described which is mains operated, has a total variation at less than 1% for a mains variation of 10% and a warm up time of less than 5 min. With the given constants full scale deflexion corresponds to 10° F. Any suitable 1 mA recorder may be used.