gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of excess As in low-temperature grown GaAs subjected to BCl3 reactive ion etching (1999)

The role of excess As in low-temperature (LT) grown Be doped, undoped and Si-doped GaAs subjected to BCl3/Ar reactive ion etching has been investigated using transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Etching rate and the extent of ion damage are found to depend on the doping type and thermal treatment. For as-grown LT-GaAs, significant decrease in etching rate is observed as the dopant is changed from Be to Si. Thermal treatment by rapid thermal annealing slightly increases the etching rate of GaAs grown at low temperature while it increases the etching rate significantly for the samples grown at normal temperature. In addition, as-grown LT-GaAs also exhibits superior resistance to the ion damage of reactive ion etching.
Write caching in distributed file systems (2002)

Disk caches are employed in distributed file systems to avoid network accesses at clients and to compensate for the speed differential between main memory and disk at file servers. Because of concerns about volatility, however, write requests have typically not benefitted from the presence of caches. Instead, they have been processed with some sort of write-through or periodic write-back approach to ensure the integrity of the stored data. The introduction of reasonably priced non-volatile (NV) memories has prompted interest in the use of such memory for write caching, at the server and/or at the client. This paper describes an investigation through trace-driven simulation experiments of several approaches to write caching in distributed systems, with both volatile and non-volatile caches. The results support the findings of earlier work that suggests important differences between caching in the traditional single-level caching environment and caching in a two-level caching environment. While policies focusing on temporal locality perform well for a single-level caching system, or at the client of a two-level caching system, they may not be suitable for use at the server in a two-level caching system. This is because locality characteristics in the reference stream seen at the server in a two-level caching system may be destroyed by caching at the client with a NV write cache large enough to hold the client's working set of dirty blocks. Policies focusing on amortizing the cost of a disk seek operation over multiple write-back operations perform better at the server of a two-level caching system.
Transition-metal carbonyl derivatives of the Germanes. Part III. Germyl(carbonyl)iron complexes (1972)

Reaction between chlorogermane and Na2Fe(CO)4 in n-nutane affords digermyltetracarbonyliron, (GeH3)2Fe(CO)4(I) and monogermylhydridotetracarbonyliron, GeH3(H)Fe(CO)4(II) together with H2Fe(CO)4(III). Germyl-(cyclopentadienyl)dicarbonyliron, GeH3Fe(C5H5)(CO)2(IV) can be obtained similarly from NaFe(C5H5)(CO)2. Physical properties, i.r., Raman, 1H n.m.r., and mass spectra of (I) and (II) are consistent with their fomulation as monomeric, cis-octahedral structures, allowing assignment of vibrational spectra in terms of C2v and C8 symmetry respectively. Gas-phase i.r. data for (III) in the range 4000–350 cm–1 are also reported and partially assigned. Reaction of (I) with HCl gives (II) in 46% yield; interaction of solid (I) with HgCl2 results in Ge–Fe bond cleavage with the formation of GeH3Cl, GeH4, and HCl.
REMOTE SENSING FOR TRANSPORTATION--PRODUCTS AND RESULTS: FOUNDATIONS FOR THE FUTURE. SESSION 7: STATE OF REMOTE SENSING IN TRANSPORTATION: SUMMARY PANEL (2003)

This is the report of the conference feedback panel. Panelists offer some synthesis remarks and observations and provide a perspective that rounds out a lot of the technical material presented at the conference. Panelists focus on the following two questions: What are the greatest strengths offered by remote sensing technologies to transportation and program activities? What is being done to address current weaknesses of the technology?
[Ballooning of the mitral valve in inter-atrial communications of the ostium secundum type]. (1977)

<p>Characterizing and understanding carbon nanotube (CNT)-based polymer composites plays a crucial role for the ability to customize their properties. The (an)isotropy of CNT networks inside a composite can have significant effects on the final material's properties. However, characterizing the (an)isotropy of seemingly random CNT networks can be difficult using standard techniques. In this letter, we show that terahertz polarization sensitive measurements can provide a reliable, noninvasive and fast way of identifying anisotropy in seemingly homogenous CNT networks as based on criteria by standard techniques.</p>
Advanced fuel cell development. Program report, January--March 1978. [LiAlO/sub 2/] (1978)

Advanced fuel cell research and development activities at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) during the period January to March 1978 are described. These efforts have been directed toward understanding and improvement of molten-carbonate-electrolyte fuel cell components operated at temperatures near 925/sup 0/K. The primary focus of this work has been the development of electrolyte structures which have good electrolyte retention and mechanical properties as well as long term stability, and on developing methods of synthesis amenable to mass production. The characterization of these structures, their stability and their component material is, of course, an essential part of the work. A need for very fine powders of stable LiAlO/sub 2/ has been identified. Several synthesis routes have been shown to be promising, and characterization capability has been upgraded. Cell testing is essential for understanding and testing individual and collective component behavior. A more realistic cell design (10.6-cm square cells) and associated ancillaries have been put into use, replacing the older 7-cm round cells, and an economical method of wet-seal protection has been proven in cell operation.
OCAMS: The OSIRIS-REx Camera Suite (2018)

The OSIRIS-REx Camera Suite (OCAMS) will acquire images essential to collecting a sample from the surface of Bennu. During proximity operations, these images will document the presence of satellites and plumes, record spin state, enable an accurate model of the asteroid’s shape, and identify any surface hazards. They will confirm the presence of sampleable regolith on the surface, observe the sampling event itself, and image the sample head in order to verify its readiness to be stowed. They will document Bennu’s history as an example of early solar system material, as a microgravity body with a planetesimal size-scale, and as a carbonaceous object. OCAMS is fitted with three cameras. The MapCam will record color images of Bennu as a point source on approach to the asteroid in order to connect Bennu’s ground-based point-source observational record to later higher-resolution surface spectral imaging. The SamCam will document the sample site before, during, and after it is disturbed by the sample mechanism. The PolyCam, using its focus mechanism, will observe the sample site at sub-centimeter resolutions, revealing surface texture and morphology. While their imaging requirements divide naturally between the three cameras, they preserve a strong degree of functional overlap. OCAMS and the other spacecraft instruments will allow the OSIRIS-REx mission to collect a sample from a microgravity body on the same visit during which it was first optically acquired from long range, a useful capability as humanity reaches out to explore near-Earth, Main-Belt and Jupiter Trojan asteroids.
Post-Hoc Methods for Debiasing Neural Networks (2020)

As deep learning models become tasked with more and more decisions that impact human lives, such as hiring, criminal recidivism, and loan repayment, bias is becoming a growing concern. This has led to dozens of definitions of fairness and numerous algorithmic techniques to improve the fairness of neural networks. Most debiasing algorithms require retraining a neural network from scratch, however, this is not feasible in many applications, especially when the model takes days to train or when the full training dataset is no longer available. 
In this work, we present a study on post-hoc methods for debiasing neural networks. First we study the nature of the problem, showing that the difficulty of post-hoc debiasing is highly dependent on the initial conditions of the original model. Then we define three new fine-tuning techniques: random perturbation, layer-wise optimization, and adversarial fine-tuning. All three techniques work for any group fairness constraint. We give a comparison with six algorithms - three popular post-processing debiasing algorithms and our three proposed methods - across three datasets and three popular bias measures. We show that no post-hoc debiasing technique dominates all others, and we identify settings in which each algorithm performs the best. Our code is available at this https URL.
Capacity of the linear decorrelating detector for QS-CDMA (1997)

We study the performance and capacity of a quasi-synchronous code-division multiple-access (QS-CDMA) cellular system employing the decorrelating detector. It is assumed that each of N users has a GPS generated local clock, and attempts to transmit in synchrony with the other users in its cell. The detector makes use of the small timing uncertainties to build the interference signal space and perfectly cancel the interference. Results are compared with those of an adaptive MSE receiver. It is shown that when the LMS adaptive algorithm is employed, the mean-squared-error misadjustment significantly affects the receiver performance. Finally, system capacities in terms of users/cell are evaluated.
Separation of Quality Concerns in the Development of Distributed Real-time Systems (2002)

This paper addresses the issue of separation of concerns in the design and\nimplementation of distributed real-time systems. It gives an overview on the activities done in the theoretical and practical domains of the SACC (Software Architecture\n= Components + Coordination) project in order to provide a support for this idea.
Solid-State Investigation of Polymorphism and Tautomerism of Phenylthiazole-thione: A Combined Crystallographic, Calorimetric, and Theoretical Survey (2015)

In the context of solid-state polymorphism, a detailed crystallographic and theoretical investigation has been carried out on a dimorphic phenylthiazole-derived compound (4-phenylthiazole-2-thiol, labeled here as compound 1), considered here as a potential lead compound, for which we discovered original polymorphic behavior. A detailed crystallographic study and calorimetric investigation permit us to assess the monotropic relationship between polymorphic forms, and ab initio quantum methods, combined with Monte Carlo polymorphic prediction, allow rationalization of the thiol-thione tautomeric preferential character of the compound. The experimental and theoretical conclusions prove once more that in an early process of lead compound optimization, a combination of solid-state analysis and phase prediction with modeling methods can be a fast and efficient tool to select/disable a particular compound, in addition to well-known potential alert flags such as adsorption–distribution–metabolism–excretion/toxicology pharmacokinetic markers.
INFLUENCE DE L'INHARMONICITÉ SUR LA VIBRATION DE LA CORDE FROTTÉE : OBSERVATION À PARTIR DE L'ARCHET NUMÉRIQUE (1990)

Quelle relation existe-t-il entre la fréquence de la corde frottée et les fréquences normales de la corde libre ? Une très faible inharmonicité peut avoir des conséquences importantes sur le comportement de la corde, en particulier sur la "pression" minimale d'archet, la justesse et la stabilité.
Management and prevention of thrombosis in primary care (2001)

Principles of homeostasis and thrombosis the hypercoagulable state and laboratory assessment hereditary clotting disorders acquired hypercoagulable states heparing and low-molecular weight heparing antiplatelet therapy warfarin therapy modalities for assessing deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis for deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism treatment of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism inferior vena cava filter anticoagulation related bleeding non-haemorrhagic complications for anticoagulant therapy management of anticoagulation before and after invasive procedures thrombosis therapy in atrial fibrillation antithrombosis therapy in prosthetic heart valves antithrombosis therapy in coronary artery disease and cardiomyopathy antithrombotic therapy in cerebrovascular disease establishing and operating an anticoagulation programme.
Phase mode processing for spherical antenna arrays (2003)

It is shown how the concept of phase mode excitation of circular antenna arrays may be extended to spherical arrays, and in particular that a spherical phase mode of the excitation function of a spherical array results in a far field radiation pattern with the same spherical phase mode form. A number of applications and issues concerned with the practical implementation are discussed.
Continuous-Flow Stereoselective Organocatalyzed Diels–Alder Reactions in a Chiral Catalytic “Homemade” HPLC Column (2013)

Continuous-flow organocatalyzed Diels-Alder reactions have been performed with excellent enantioselectivity for the first time in a chiral "homemade" HPLC column, packed with silica on which a MacMillan catalyst has been supported by a straightforward immobilization procedure. The versatility of the system was also proven by running with the same column continuous-flow stereoselective reactions with three different substrates, showing that the catalytic reactor may efficiently work in continuo for more than 150 h; the regeneration of the HPLC column was also demonstrated, allowing to further extend the activity of the reactor to more than 300 operating hours.
Alcohol and the Disruption of Cognitive Processes (1974)

Memory processes of alcoholic and matched nonalcoholic volunteers were studied under sober, and two alcohol conditions. Alcohol administration significantly impaired registration, recall, and organization in both groups. These processes were differentially susceptible to alcohol's acute effects. There were no significant differences between groups in the amount of information registered or recalled. However, alcoholics displayed significantly poorer organization under sober and intoxicated conditions, suggesting chronic impairment of abstracting ability due to alcohol.
Intraneuronal [Ca<sup>2+</sup>] Changes Induced by 2-Deoxy-<scp>d</scp>-Glucose in Rat Hippocampal Slices (1999)

Temporary replacement of glucose by 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG; but not sucrose) is followed by long-term potentiation of CA1 synaptic transmission (2-DG LTP), which is Ca2+-dependent and is prevented by dantrolene or N-methyl--aspartate (NMDA) antagonists. To clarify the mechanism of action of 2-DG, we monitored [Ca2+]i while replacing glucose with 2-DG or sucrose. In slices (from Wistar rats) kept submerged at 30 degreesC, pyramidal neurons were loaded with [Ca2+]-sensitive fluo-3 or Fura Red. The fluorescence was measured with a confocal microscope. Bath applications of 10 mM 2-DG (replacing glucose for 15 +/- 0.38 min, means +/- SE) led to a rapid but reversible rise in fluo-3 fluorescence (or drop of Fura Red fluorescence); the peak increase of fluo-3 fluorescence (DeltaF/F0), measured near the end of 2-DG applications, was by 245 +/- 50% (n = 32). Isosmolar sucrose (for 15-40 min) had a smaller but significant effect (DeltaF/F0 = 94 +/- 14%, n = 10). The 2-DG-induced DeltaF/F0 was greatly reduced (to 35 +/- 15%, n = 16) by,-aminophosphono-valerate (50-100 microM) and abolished by 10 microM dantrolene (-4.0 +/- 2.9%, n = 11). A substantial, although smaller effect, of 2-DG persisted in Ca2+-free 1 mM ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N', N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) medium. Two adenosine antagonists, which do not prevent 2-DG LTP, were also tested; 2-DG-induced DeltaF/F0 (fluo-3) was not affected by the A1 antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-3, 7-dihydro-1,3-dipropyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione (DPCPX 50 nM; 287 +/- 38%; n = 20), but it was abolished by the A1/A2 antagonist 8-SPT; 25 +/- 29%, n = 19). These observations suggest that 2-DG releases glutamate and adenosine and that the rise in [Ca2+] may be triggered by a synergistic action of glutamate (acting via NMDA receptors) and adenosine (acting via A2b receptors) resulting in Ca2+ release from a dantrolene-sensitive store. The discrepant effects of sucrose and 8-SPT on DeltaF/F0, on the one hand, and 2-DG LTP, on the other, support other evidence that increases in postsynaptic [Ca2+]i are not essential for 2-DG LTP.
7,7-Dimethylaporphine and Other Alkaloids from the Bark of <i>Guatteria friesiana</i> (2016)

Phytochemical investigation of the bark of Guatteria friesiana afforded 12 new aporphines (1-12), along with nine known alkaloids (13-21). The structures of the new alkaloids were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation. The cytotoxic activity of the isolated compounds against a small panel of tumor cell lines was assessed using the Alamar blue assay.
Algebra for C++ operators (1996)

Men who have sex with men (MSM) appear to experience barriers to health care compared with general population men. This report examines individual differences in health care access within a diverse sample of urban MSM (N = 871). The authors examined demographic differences in health care access and the relation between access and health-related attitudes, health behaviors, and HIV transmission risk. They operationalized health care access in terms of three indicators: perceived barriers, insurance status, and recent medical visit. Twenty-seven percent (n = 227) of MSM reported zero or one health care access indicator. African American and Latino race/ethnicity, lower income, and HIV-unknown status were associated with limited health care access. Limited health care access was related to health care attitudes (mistrust in the health care system and difficulty disclosing MSM status to providers), general health behaviors (smoking, never being HIV-tested, and drug abuse), and sexual risk-related variables (low self-efficacy for sexual safety, consistent drug use during sex, and HIV transmission risk). Overall, among MSM, less health care access relates to several adverse psychological constructs and health behaviors. Researchers and public health officials should address limited health care access, and its consequences, in this population.
The EXCITE Trial: Attributes of the Wolf Motor Function Test in Patients with Subacute Stroke (2005)

The Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) has been used in rehabilitation studies of chronic stroke patients, but until now its psychometric properties have not been evaluated in patients with subacute stroke. Two hundred twenty-nine participants with subacute stroke (3-9 months postinjury) at 7 research sites met inclusion criteria for the EXCITE Trial and were randomized into immediate or delayed (by 1 year) constraint-induced movement therapy treatment. All evaluations were undertaken by assessors standardized in the administration of the WMFT and masked to treatment designation. Participants were also assessed using the Fugl Meyer Motor Assessment (FMA). Delayed group members had measurements repeated 2 weeks following baseline assessment to determine learning or exposure effects. The results demonstrate that the WMFT differentiated higher from lower functioning participants across sites; scores were uninfluenced by hand dominance or affected side. Women exhibited slower performance times than men. The Functional Ability scale (FAS) portion of the WMFT also revealed lower scores among lower functioning participants and women. Minimal changes were observed after repeating the WMFT among delayed group participants 2 weeks later. The FMA revealed similar results when the total group was divided into higher and lower functional levels at its midpoint score of 33. The WMFT discriminates higher from lower functioning participants tested across research sites. Comparable findings using the FMA support the criterion validity of the WMFT.
Die Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms und Paraganglioms (2013)

These results support use of the CST in combination with measurements of normetanephrine for confirming or excluding P/PGL in patients with borderline elevated test results, which should, however, first be confirmed by sampling blood under standardized resting conditions.
Activation of nuclear factor κB in colonic mucosa from patients with collagenous and ulcerative colitis (2005)

In collagenous and ulcerative colitis, colonic mucosal NFkappaB is activated and recruited to the iNOS promoter in vivo via an IKKbeta mediated pathway. As collagenous colitis is not associated with tissue injury, these data challenge the prevailing view that activation of NFkappaB per se mediates tissue injury. Our results suggest that downstream inflammatory reactions leading to tissue damage originate in lamina propria immune cells, as increased NFkappaB activity in collagenous colitis was localised solely in epithelial cells, but present also in macrophages in ulcerative colitis.
Assessment of <em>Dictyostelium discoideum</em> Response to Acute Mechanical Stimulation (2017)

Assessment Of Dictyostelium Discoideum Response To Acute Mechanical Stimulation - Video. JoVE publishes peer-reviewed scientific video protocols to accelerate biological, medical, chemical and physical research. Watch our scientific video articles. JoVE is the world-leading producer and provider of science videos with the mission to improve scientific research, scientific journals, and education. Millions of scientists, educators and students at thousands of universities, colleges, hospitals and biopharmaceutical companies worldwide use JoVE for their research, teaching and learning.
Complex Evaluation of Tissue Factors in Pediatric Cholesteatoma (2021)

The aim of this study was to describe the appearance and distribution of tissue remodeling markers (MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-2, TIMP-4), Sonic hedgehog gene protein (Shh), pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-10), transcription factor (NF-κβ), proliferation marker (Ki-67), angiogenetic factor (VEGF), tissue defensins (HβD-2, HβD-4) of the pediatric cholesteatoma. Sixteen cholesteatoma samples were obtained from children, eleven skin controls from cadavers. Tissues were stained for MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-2, TIMP-4, Shh, IL-1, IL-10, NF-κβ, Ki-67, VEGF, HβD-2, HβD-4. Non-parametric statistic, Mann-Whitney, and Spearman's coefficient was used. A statistically significant difference was seen between Shh and HβD-2 in perimatrix and control connective tissue, between NF-κβ in cholesteatoma and control skin, and between HβD-4 in matrix and skin epithelium. Complex intercorrelations between MMPs, NF-κβ and VEGF cause the intensification of angiogenesis in cholesteatoma. The persistent increase in Shh gene protein expression in cholesteatoma perimatrix suggests the stimulation of the cholesteatoma growth in children. Similar expression of IL-1 and IL-10 and their intercorrelation, proves there is a balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. NF-κβ, and not Ki-67, seems to be the main inducer of cellular proliferation. The main antimicrobial protection is provided by HβD-2.