gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Carbon Extrusion from Carbohydrates via C1‐Alkoxy Radical Fragmentation. An Easy Access to Erythrose and Threose. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Human pluripotent stem cells : glycomic approaches for culturing and characterization (2013)

Human pluripotent stem cells (including embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells) are defined by two important characteristics: unlimited self-renewal capacity and ability to switch on various differentiation pathways. These unique properties make them valuable tools for basic research and for the development of regenerative therapies. Since the discovery of stem cells, diverse culture conditions have been developed. Pluripotent stem cells are cultured either in the presence of feeder cells or with extracellular matrix components that together with growing colonies create a niche supporting the growth of undifferentiated cells. Current standard in vitro cell culture techniques are based on the use of xenogeneic reagents. However, this is not compatible with the clinical applications of human pluripotent stem cells. \n\nThe aim of this study was to develop optimal culture conditions for pluripotent stem cells without the use of xenogeneic reagents, based on the analysis of their cell surface glycan expression. \n\nInitially, postnatal human feeder cells, foreskin fibroblasts, were shown to support the derivation of new embryonic stem cell lines and continued undifferentiated growth of these cells. However, the growth rate of stem cells was significantly lower on human feeder cells than on mouse embryonic fibroblasts. This feature restricts the use of human feeder cells for large-scale cell production of stem cells. \n\nNext, a number of human embryonic stem cell lines were derived and characterized in detail. The results show that despite of similar basic characteristics in the undifferentiated state, the differentiation capacity of stem cell lines varies. This highlights the need to identify markers that reliably predict cell lineage propensity of the stem cells lines. To identify such predictive markers we conducted a global analysis of cell surface glycans expressed on pluripotent human stem cells. The results show that embryonic stem cells have a unique glycan fingerprint that differs from their differentiated derivatives. This suggests that information of stem cell surface glycans can be used to design markers that define specific stages of differentiation. In addition, this information can be used to develop defined reagents for stem cell culture. \n\nBased on the analysis of stem cell surface glycans, specific glycan-binding lectins were studied for their capacity to support human pluripotent stem cells. This lead to the discovery of a lectin, Erythrina Cristagalli (ECA) as a potent simple defined matrix for human pluripotent stem cells. This simple defined matrix, combined with a defined culture medium and the use of a Rho-kinase inhibitor at the time of cell propagation, allowed more efficient production of high-quality human pluripotent stem cells than Matrigel®, the current standard acellular matrix used for stem cell culture. \n\nTaken together, these studies advance the development of technologies needed for the efficient generation of fully undifferentiated human pluripotent stem cells in defined conditions.
<b>Mechanism of the Inversion Reaction between <b><i>d,cis</i></b>-Dichlorobis-(ethylenediamine)-cobalt(III) Ion and Silver Carbonate</b> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of the Inversion Reaction between d,cis-Dichlorobis-(ethylenediamine)-cobalt(III) Ion and Silver CarbonateFrancis P. Dwyer, Alan M. Sargeson, and Ian K. ReidCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 9, 1215–1219Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00892a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00892a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views434Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of Sonic Boom on People: Review and Outlook (1965)

This introduction to the second part of the sonic-boom symposium reviews the history of observations on human reactions to the sonic boom from the time when the boom was a demonstration curiosity to the present day where reaction of the population to the sonic boom is a scientific problem of technical, economic, social, and political consequences at the national and international level. The field programs conducted by the USAF and NASA over the last 15 years and over the last 5 years by the FAA were all of limited scope with respect to exploring direct and indirect physiological and psychological human reactions to sonic booms of different intensity and exposure frequency. Although the data accumulated might be adequate to decide on preliminary stopgap exposure criteria, it is obvious that a broader approach to the problem is required. Laboratory work in support of these questions has hardly been started. Neither conventional acoustic and vibration generators for boom-type stimulation nor special equipment for high-fidelity sonic-boom simulation have been fully utilized. Some of the open questions and possible approaches are discussed as part of a broad, long-range research program required to come up with scientific data as bases for operational sonic-boom exposure criteria.
AN AUTOMATIC RECORDING TITRATOR (1957)

An automatic recording titrator is described which is applicable to all types of potentiometric titrations. Particular attention has been paid to the maintenance of accurate potential recording of the entire titration curve as well as accurate recording of the volume of titrant used. As a result the instrument is well-suited for analytical research where the complete curves rather than just the equivalence point of the titration is of interest. Simplicity of the instrument is maintained by use of commercially available components for the major functions of amplifying and recording. Each of the major components retains its separate identity, and thus may be used for other applications without alterations. Acceptable substitutes for each of the major components are suggested, and the relative merits of each are discussed. Suggestions for improving the instrument are also discussed. (auth)
Symmetric velocity profiles reconstruction in channels with a circular cross-section by ultrasonic flow measurements (2006)

This article presents an effective approach to the problem of full characterization and reconstruction of flow velocity profiles at each point of a circular cross-section of a transport channel in a radial symmetry case. The approach is based on the application of special multi-sensor flow meters designed for high-precision measurements of differences between the propagation times in ultrasonic signals recorded in parallel measurement planes and on solving an Abel-type integral equation – a well-known ill-posed problem. In our case, the problem can be formulated as a well-posed one according to Tikhonov by a reasonable use of a priori information about the velocity distribution. A practical algorithm is provided for determining an error in the reconstructed profile. All algorithms considered in the study can be utilized in the case of limited experimental data.
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 is negatively modulated by PKA phosphorylation (2005)

Sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1a and -1c are key transcription factors that regulate lipid biosynthesis in cells. We identified that Ser338 located at the NH2 terminus of SREBP-1a is a PKA phosphorylation site in vitro and in HepG2 cells. PKA phosphorylation of this site attenuated DNA occupancy, as revealed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, and the ensuing transactivation. In contrast, replacing Ser with Ala [SREBP-1a(N)-S338A] increased transactivation. Although it forms heterodimers with the wild-type SREBP-1a(N) or S338A but not a homodimer with itself, SREBP-1a(N)-S338D (replacing Ser with Asp) decreased DNA binding. Ser314 of SREBP-1c, the counterpart of SREBP-1a Ser338, was also phosphorylated by PKA. Accordingly, the adenovirus-mediated expression of SREBP-1c(N)-S314D in HepG2 cells retarded lipogenesis. Our results indicate that the cAMP-PKA pathway, by phosphorylating SREBP-1, may modulate lipid metabolism in liver cell lines.
The Nucleotide Switch of Tubulin and Microtubule Assembly:  A Polymerization-Driven Structural Change (2006)

GTP-binding proteins from the tubulin family, including αβ-tubulin, γ-tubulin, bacterial tubulin, and FtsZ, are key components of the cytoskeleton and play central roles in chromosome segregation and cell division. The nucleotide switch of αβ-tubulin is triggered by GTP hydrolysis and regulates microtubule assembly dynamics. The structural mechanism of the switch and how it modulates assembly are beginning to be understood. A conserved structural change between the active and inactive states, different from other GTPases, may be extracted from recent tubulin and FtsZ structures. From these and the biochemical properties of tubulin, the new concept emerges that, contrary to what was thought, unassembled tubulin−GTP is in the inactive, curved conformation as in tubulin−GDP rings, and it is driven into the straight microtubule conformation by the assembly contacts; binding of the GTP γ-phosphate only lowers the free energy difference between the curved and straight forms.
Statistical indicators for country clusters (2005)

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
High-throughput Titration of Luciferase-expressing Recombinant Viruses (2014)

Standard plaque assays to determine infectious viral titers can be time consuming, are not amenable to a high volume of samples, and cannot be done with viruses that do not form plaques. As an alternative to plaque assays, we have developed a high-throughput titration method that allows for the simultaneous titration of a high volume of samples in a single day. This approach involves infection of the samples with a Firefly luciferase tagged virus, transfer of the infected samples onto an appropriate permissive cell line, subsequent addition of luciferin, reading of plates in order to obtain luminescence readings, and finally the conversion from luminescence to viral titers. The assessment of cytotoxicity using a metabolic viability dye can be easily incorporated in the workflow in parallel and provide valuable information in the context of a drug screen. This technique provides a reliable, high-throughput method to determine viral titers as an alternative to a standard plaque assay.
Mechanical Damage Evaluation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells under Simulated Operating Conditions (2005)

A simple fracture testing method, combined with acoustic-emission (AE) monitoring was developed in order to investigate the mechanical performance of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) under simulated environment. The fracture testing method was applied to ceria electrolyte-supported single cells. The fracture damage process was shown to involve vertical cracking and delamination in the cathode, and vertical cracking in the electrolyte, and the fracture damages were most likely due to chemical expansion induced stresses. It was demonstrated that the AE method may enable one to detect the above-mentioned fracture process and to determine the onset condition for fracture damage in the single cell.
Histone H3 and the Histone Acetyltransferase Hat1p Contribute to DNA Double-Strand Break Repair (2002)

The modification of newly synthesized histones H3 and H4 by type B histone acetyltransferases has been proposed to play a role in the process of chromatin assembly. The type B histone acetyltransferase Hat1p and specific lysine residues in the histone H3 NH(2)-terminal tail (primarily lysine 14) are redundantly required for telomeric silencing. As many gene products, including other factors involved in chromatin assembly, have been found to participate in both telomeric silencing and DNA damage repair, we tested whether mutations in HAT1 and the histone H3 tail were also sensitive to DNA-damaging agents. Indeed, mutations both in specific lysine residues in the histone H3 tail and in HAT1 resulted in sensitivity to methyl methanesulfonate. The DNA damage sensitivity of the histone H3 and HAT1 mutants was specific for DNA double-strand breaks, as these mutants were sensitive to the induction of an exogenous restriction endonuclease, EcoRI, but not to UV irradiation. While histone H3 mutations had minor effects on nonhomologous end joining, the primary defect in the histone H3 and HAT1 mutants was in the recombinational repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Epistasis analysis indicates that the histone H3 and HAT1 mutants may influence DNA double-strand break repair through Asf1p-dependent chromatin assembly.
Distinct Protein Kinase C Isoforms Mediate Regulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression by A2A Adenosine Receptor Activation and Phorbol Esters in Pheochromocytoma PC12 Cells (2003)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulates angiogenesis during development and in disease. In pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells, VEGF expression is regulated by A(2A) adenosine receptor (A(2A)AR) activation. The present work examines the underlying signaling pathway. The adenylyl cyclase-protein kinase A cascade has no role in the down-regulation of VEGF mRNA induced by the A(2A)AR agonist, 2-[4-[(2-carboxyethyl)phenyl]ethylamino]-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (CGS21680). Conversely, 6-h exposure of cells to either phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors mimicked the CGS21680-induced down-regulation. PMA activated PKCalpha, PKCepsilon, and PKCzeta, and CGS21680 activated PKCepsilon and PKCzeta as assessed by cellular translocation. By 6 h, PMA but not CGS21680 decreased PKCalpha and PKCepsilon expression. Neither compound affected PKCzeta levels. Following prolonged PMA treatment to down-regulate susceptible PKC isoforms, CGS21680 but not PMA inhibited the cobalt chloride induction of VEGF mRNA. The proteasome inhibitor, MG-132, abolished PMA- but not CGS21680-induced down-regulation of VEGF mRNA. Phorbol 12,13-diacetate reduced VEGF mRNA levels while down-regulating PKCepsilon but not PKCalpha expression. In cells expressing a dominant negative PKCzeta construct, CGS21680 was unable to reduce VEGF mRNA. Together, the findings suggest that phorbol ester-induced down-regulation of VEGF mRNA occurs as a result of a reduction of PKCepsilon activity, whereas that mediated by the A(2A)AR occurs following deactivation of PKCzeta.
Unusual Presentation of IgD Lambda Multiple Myeloma with Femoral Head Amyloidosis: A Case Report and Literature Review. (2006)

Abstract IgD Multiple Myeloma accounts only for 2% of all Multiple Myeloma cases. It has been associated with various conditions and with complications involving many organs. The prognosis for IgD Multiple Myeloma is poor. This case report describes how a patient was diagnosed as IgD Lambda Multiple Myeloma complicated with left femoral head Amyloidosis. Initially, this 71 years old male patient presented with worsening left hip pain, reduced appetite, and weight loss for six months. Laboratory data showed chronic anemia, hypercalcemia, and acute renal failure. Bone marrow biopsy demonstrated sheets of plasma cells with abnormal nuclei. The initial routine serum immunofixation did not show any elevation of Immunoglobulins; and instead, noted decreased immunoglobulin level. Because of this unusual pattern of low Ig G, A, and M level, further work up on IgD investigation was pursued. Serum IgD workup showed a peak of 71 mg/dl and the urine immunofixation also demonstrated large amount of free monoclonal Lambda light chain. Finally, a left total hip arthroplasty was done. Congo Red stain of left femoral head biopsy revealed amyloidosis. This case illustrates association of IgD myeloma with amyloidosis. At the same time, it could easily be misdiagnosed as light chain disease if IgD abnormality was not carefully considered as a differential diagnosis. In addition, a concise review on IgD Multiple Myeloma is given.
Restricted STAT5 Activation Dictates Appropriate Thymic B versus T Cell Lineage Commitment (2005)

The molecular mechanisms regulating lymphocyte lineage commitment remain poorly characterized. To explore the role of the IL7R in this process, we generated transgenic mice that express a constitutively active form of STAT5 (STAT5b-CA), a key downstream IL7R effector, throughout lymphocyte development. STAT5b-CA mice exhibit a 40-fold increase in pro-B cells in the thymus. As documented by BrdU labeling studies, this increase is not due to enhanced B cell proliferation. Thymic pro-B cells in STAT5b-CA mice show a modest increase in cell survival ( approximately 4-fold), which correlates with bcl-x(L) expression. However, bcl-x(L) transgenic mice do not show increases in thymic B cell numbers. Thus, STAT5-dependent bcl-x(L) up-regulation and enhanced B cell survival are not sufficient to drive the thymic B cell development observed in STAT5b-CA mice. Importantly, thymic pro-B cells in STAT5b-CA mice are derived from early T cell progenitors (ETPs), suggesting that STAT5 acts by altering ETP lineage commitment. Supporting this hypothesis, STAT5 binds to the pax5 promoter in ETPs from STAT5b-CA mice and induces pax5, a master regulator of B cell development. Conversely, STAT5b-CA mice exhibit a decrease in the DN1b subset of ETPs, demonstrating that STAT5 activation inhibits early T cell differentiation or lineage commitment. On the basis of these findings, we propose that the observed expression of the IL-7R on common lymphoid progenitors, but not ETPs, results in differential STAT5 signaling within these distinct progenitor populations and thus helps ensure appropriate development of B cells and T cells in the bone marrow and thymic environments, respectively.
Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction Due to Anti-Js<sup>a</sup>in an Alloimmunized Patient With a Sickle Cell Syndrome (1997)

Delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions occur via an anamnestic immune response in patients previously alloimmunized by certain RBC antigens. Conventional pretransfusion antibody screening tests and crossmatches are unable to detect certain antibodies that potentially can cause these reactions because they may be present in low concentrations or have low affinity for their respective antigen or their indicator antigen may be absent from test RBCs. We report the second case of a delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction caused by an undetectable (by routine methods) anti-Js(a) in a patient with a sickle cell syndrome (hemoglobin SC disease) and multiple alloantibodies, in whom retrospective indirect antiglobulin tests enhanced by polyethylene glycol revealed the presence of weakly reactive anti-Js(a).
Two Thumbs Way, Way Up (2008)

When fourth graders in an urban district—where standardized testing is traditionally a struggle—learned to peer review and recap their daily mathematics lessons in an easy-to-implement index card format, 100 percent passed the end-of-year assessment, 73 percent at the advanced level.
Screening of Combined Mn-Fe-Si Oxygen Carriers for Chemical Looping with Oxygen Uncoupling (CLOU) (2015)

Combined oxygen carriers of Mn, Fe, and Si were screened for the chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling process with the objective of identifying materials with high reactivity and sufficient attrition resistance. Eleven oxygen carrier materials were produced by spray-drying and then calcined for 4 h at 1100 and 1200 °C. The ability of the oxygen carriers to release oxygen and to convert gaseous fuels was investigated in a batch fluidized-bed reactor under alternating reducing and oxidizing conditions for temperatures ranging from 850 °C to 1050 °C. The attrition behavior of the different materials was evaluated in a jet-cup attrition rig. All investigated oxygen carriers proved to release oxygen and showed high reactivity toward synthesis gas (50% CO in H2). Oxygen carrier materials with comparably lower mechanical stability were found to have a higher reactivity toward methane. One of the investigated formulations showed to have both high mechanical stability and resistance toward attrition, as well as good methane conversion and oxygen release.
Pituitary hormones and the metabolism of <i>N</i>‐hydroxy‐<i>N</i>‐2‐fluorenylacetamide in female rats (1967)

Abstract The transplantable functional pituitary tumor, Furth MtT/F4, enhances hepatoma formation by the carcinogen N‐hydroxy‐N‐2‐fluorenylacetamide (N‐OH‐FAA) in rats. Therefore the metabolism of a single intraperitoneal dose of N‐OH‐FAA‐9‐ 14 C was followed in groups of female Fischer rats which were fed either N‐OH‐FAA‐containing or control diets for 8 weeks, with or without MtT implantation. The MtT markedly increased rectal temperature, food and water intake, urinary volume and body, liver, and kidney weights. The carcinogen‐prefeeding alone did not affect the total percentage of radioactivity from labeled N‐OH‐FAA excreted in 24‐hour urine, but the proportion excreted as urinary glucosiduronic acids and as the glucuronide of N‐OH‐FAA was greater. MtT implantation had no significant effect on the urinary metabolites in the animals on a control diet. However, the combination of carcinogen‐prefeeding and MtT transplantation increased the urinary excretion of total radioactivity, the urinary glucosiduronic acids, and especially the glucuronide of N‐OH‐FAA. Maintenance of higher levels of N‐OH‐FAA, the altered endocrine situation and the increased metabolic rate may contribute to the enhancement of hepatoma formation in female rats implanted with MtT.
A distributed load balancing approach for industrial IEEE 802.11 wireless networks (2012)

Advantages provided by the use of wireless technologies in industrial scenarios, like reduced costs of installation, better flexibility, the ability to easily realize temporary deployments (e.g. for monitoring purposes), etc. are discussed by researchers in literature. In these contexts, time-critical transmissions have to be supported by automation networks. In IEEE 802.11 standard protocol, one of most popular technologies for process control networks, Access Points (APs) are responsible for nodes connection. Timeliness of communications can be compromised by transmission of wireless nodes through overloaded APs. This paper shows a new dynamic Load Balancing approach that distributes network load in order to ensure, for each station, best possible performances in terms of soft real-time constraints, in an industrial process control scenario.