gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Regulated Production of μ <sub>m</sub> and μ <sub>s</sub> mRNA Is Dependent on the Relative Efficiencies of μ <sub>s</sub> Poly(A) Site Usage and the Cμ4-to-M1 Splice (1989)

The relative abundance of the mRNAs encoding the membrane (mu m) and secreted (mu s) forms of immunoglobulin mu heavy chain is regulated during B-cell maturation by a change in the mode of RNA processing. Current models to explain this regulation involve either competition between cleavage-polyadenylation at the proximal (mu s) poly(A) site and cleavage-polyadenylation at the distal (mu m) poly(A) site [poly(A) site model] or competition between cleavage-polyadenylation at the mu s poly(A) site and splicing of the C mu 4 and M1 exons, which eliminates the mu s site (mu s site-splice model). To test certain predictions of these models and to determine whether there is a unique structural feature of the mu s poly(A) site that is essential for regulation, we constructed modified mu genes in which the mu s or mu m poly(A) site was replaced by other poly(A) sites and then studied the transient expression of these genes in cells representative of both early- and late-stage lymphocytes. Substitutions at the mu s site dramatically altered the relative usage of this site and caused corresponding reciprocal changes in the usage of the mu m site. Despite these changes, use of the proximal site was still usually higher in plasmacytomas than in pre-B cells, indicating that regulation does not depend on a unique feature of the mu s poly(A) site. Replacement of the distal (mu m) site had no detectable effect on the usage of the mu s site in either plasmacytomas or pre-B cells. These findings are inconsistent with the poly(A) site model. In addition, we noted that in a wide variety of organisms, the sequence at the 5' splice junction of the C mu 4-to-M1 intron is significantly different from the consensus 5' splice junction sequence and is therefore suboptimal with respect to its complementary base pairing with U1 small nuclear RNA. When we mutated this suboptimal sequence into the consensus sequence, the mu mRNA production in plasmacytoma cells was shifted from predominantly mu s to exclusively mu m. This result unequivocally demonstrated that splicing of the C mu 4-to-M1 exon is in competition with usage of the mu s poly(A) site. A key feature of this regulatory phenomenon appears to be the appropriately balanced efficiencies of these two processing reactions. Consistent with predictions of the mu s site-splice model, B cells were found to contain mu m precursor RNA that had undergone the C mu 4-to-M1 splice but had not yet been polyadenylated at the mu m site.
Effect of sodium hyaluronate in collagenase-induced superficial digital flexor tendinitis in horses. (1992)

Superficial digital flexor tendinitis was induced in each forelimb of 8 horses by injecting 4,000 U of collagenase into the midmetacarpal region of the tendon. In each horse, each tendon was treated 24 and 96 hours after the collagenase injection with SC injections of sodium hyaluronate (treated limbs) or an equal volume of 0.9% NaCl solution (control limbs). Exercise was restricted for the first 3 weeks of the study, and a controlled exercise program was instituted for the remainder of the study. Horses were evaluated clinically for lameness, tendon swelling, and midmetacarpal limb circumference. Ultrasonographic examinations were performed regularly (11 examinations/horse) throughout the study, and all horses were euthanatized 12 weeks after collagenase injections. Tendons from 4 horses were harvested for biomechanical testing, and samples were obtained from tendons from the remaining 4 horses for biochemical analysis of collagen. Samples were obtained from all tendons for microscopic evaluation. Significant differences between treated and control tendons were not noticed in any of the variables examined in live horses, although trends toward less lameness in treated limbs and toward better healing on ultrasonographic examination in control limbs were recorded. Significant differences were not noticed in biomechanical or biochemical evaluations, and the only significant (P < 0.05) microscopic finding was more severe inflammation in tendons from treated limbs. This study did not reveal significant benefits of treatment with sodium hyaluronate outside a synovial sheath on tendon repair in collagenase-induced tendinitis.
Techniques de dosimétrie physique pour la reconstitution d'accident radiologique (1998)

Suite à un accident radiologique, il est important d'estimer rapidement la distribution de la dose reçue par l'organisme. Cette information, qui vient en complément des investigations cliniques et biologiques, s'avère d'une grande utilité pour les médecins. À cette fin, la dosimétrie physique utilise des moyens de reconstitution numériques et expérimentaux, généralement complémentaires. La reconstitution numérique consiste, à l'aide d'un code de calcul basé sur une méthode probabiliste de Monte-Carlo, à simuler le transport des particules dans une géométrie représentant l'accidenté et son evironnement. La reconstitution expérimentale est réalisée à l'aide de fantômes équivalents tissu et de dosimètres adaptés.
Bisphosphonate therapy in multiple myeloma: past, present, future (2002)

Bone disease characterised by osteolytic lesions, pathological fractures and hypercalcaemia is an important clinical feature in multiple myeloma. Pain, decreased performance status, and the need for palliative radiotherapy and surgical interventions are common sequelae. Bisphosphonates act primarily on osteoclasts to inhibit excessive bone resorption, and have therefore been investigated in myeloma patients to ameliorate the clinical consequences of the bone disease. Bisphosphonates are currently the therapy of choice in myeloma patients with hypercalcaemia. In long-term management, both oral clodronate and intravenous pamidronate are effective in reducing skeletal-related events. Zoledronic acid seems to be as effective as pamidronate. Whether bisphosphonates have antimyeloma activity is currently unknown. Cost-benefit analyses have shown reasonable efficacy with acceptable costs. Bisphosphonate therapy is now accepted as an important part of care in myeloma patients, although much still has to be learned in order to optimise this therapy in multiple myeloma.
An Ensemble Learning Approach for Concept Drift (2014)

Recently, concept drift has become an important issue while analyzing non-stationary distribution data in data mining. For example, data streams carry a characteristic that data vary by time, and there is probably concept drift in this type of data. Concept drifts can be categorized into sudden and gradual concept drifts in brief. Most of research only can solve one type of concept drift. However, in the real world, a data stream probably has more than one type of concept drift, and the type is usually difficult to be identified. In light of these reasons, we propose a new weighting method which can adapt more quickly to current concept than other methods and can improve the accuracy of classification on data streams with concept drifts.
Swimming—Activity for the Handicapped (1953)

(1953). Swimming—Activity for the Handicapped. Journal of the American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation: Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 14-51.
Smooth and Fine Electrodeposition of Titanium from LiCl-KCl-TiCl<SUB>3</SUB> Melt (1996)

Electrodeposition of titanium from the LiCl-KCl eutectic melt containing TiCl3 has been studied by means of an electrochemical polarization method and scanning electron microscope. The cathodic polarization curves for the Ti3+ exhibited the Tafel lines having slopes of one and two electron transfer reactions where the former reaction corresponds to the reduction of Ti3+ to Ti2+ and the latter to that of Ti2+ to Ti.The silver metallic films were obtained by washing the dense mossy deposits electrodeposited at −1.28 and −1.45 V using a soluble Ti anode. It was also found that the glossy film was attributed to highly crystalline orientation of (002).The cathodic reduction for Ti3+ from LiCl-KCl eut. containing alkali fluoride exhibited three electron reduction waves from Ti3+ to Ti at less noble potentials than that of the relevant reaction in the LiCl-KCl eut. melt. The electrodeposited film exhibited a plate-like ledged structure.
Development of monoclonal antibodies with specificity to oral squamous cell carcinoma (1991)

A panel of five monoclonal antibodies have been produced that show binding when directed against human oral head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. These monoclonal antibodies are derived from antibody-secreting cells obtained using cell hybridization techniques. The activity of the antibody was tested in vitro against oral head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (n = 10). Control groups included normal oral mucosa (n = 7), hyperkeratosis (n = 5), mild dysplasia (n = 4), and severe dysplasia (n = 3). Results using immunoperoxidase staining confirmed the binding of the five monoclonal antibodies to human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells, with predominant reactivity (50% to 90%) in the majority of the specimens, compared with negative (0%) to weak (less than 5%) or focal (5% to less than 50%) reactivity in the control specimens.
Chronic non-cancer pain: Focus on once-daily tramadol formulations. (2007)

Despite progress in pain management, chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) represents still a clinical challenge. The efficacy and safety profile of tramadol make it suitable as a long-term treatment in a variety of CNCP conditions. New once-daily (OD) formulations of tramadol have been marketed in various countries, in order to offer the advantage of a reduced dosing regimen and to improve patients' compliance. This review focuses on the technology, pharmacology, clinical efficacy, and safety of different once-daily tramadol formulations. Hydrophilic vs hydrophobic matrix systems and newer technologies used in once-daily formulations to control drug delivery are discussed. Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) established OD tramadol analgesic efficacy to be superior to that of placebo for pain management and functional improvement in patients with osteoarthritis. Three RCTs demonstrated similar rates of efficacy between OD tramadol and immediate-release (IR) or sustained-release (SR) formulations, with a better adverse events profile. An open trial on long term tolerability showed that OD tramadol is generally safe in rheumatological pain treatment.
Introductory (1918)

Journal Article Introductory Get access George H Makins George H Makins Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Surgery, Volume 6, Issue 21, July 1918, Pages 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800062102 Published: 07 December 2005
Use of a Fluorescent Indicator in Monitoring Underlying Corrosion on Coated Aluminum 2024-T4 (2009)

A fluorescent indicator (FI) can be used to monitor the underlying corrosion on metal substrates based on sensing pH changes caused by corrosion reactions. One coumarin derivative was chosen as FI and added to a coated-aluminum system. The initial state of the coating system is fluorescent under UV light and it changes to nonfluorescent at the site of corrosion. The effects of the fluorescent indicator on the fluorescent intensity and protectiveness of the coating system are discussed. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to estimate the protectiveness of the coating and interface corrosion reactions between the metal and coating. This was correlated with the fluorescent intensity change of the coating. Based on the impedance measured by EIS, the coating failed shortly after immersing into the 3.5% sodium chloride solution. After , pH-induced fluorescent quenching points began to appear. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy of selected specimens indicated that the quenching point was the corrosion site. Several coating thicknesses were examined, and based on these tests the optimal coating thickness was determined to be about .
스마트 시티(Smart-City)의 지속가능한 지하공간 계획에 관한 연구 (2018)

(연구배경 및 목적) 급격한 산업화와 더불어 시작된 도시 개발은 도시의 기능을 개선하고 생활편익을 향상 시켰지만 자연의 훼손과 도시의 고유한 역사 및 문화적 정체성의 상실까지 야기하였고 도시의 인구 집중과 차량 중심의 도시 체계로 인해 교통난과 각종 환경문제를 일으켰다. 최근 도로 지하화와 유휴지하공간의 활성화 방안들이 발표되고 있다. 이러한 지하계획은 기존의 고층, 고밀도의 수직적 도시 개발 방법에서 지하, 저밀도의 수평적 도시 개발 방법으로 변화하고 있다. 또한 삶의 질 향상과 편리성을 위해 출현한 스마트시티의 기술이 국내의 지하공간개발에 적용하여 지속가능한 도시의 범위를 지상에서 지하로 넓히고 편리한 도시환경을 만드는데 그 목적이 있다. (연구방법) 지하공간에 있어 2008년부터 약 10년 동안의 선행연구를 분석하여 다수의 연구자에 의해 도출된 지하공간에 개발에 있어 중요한 계획개념과 계획요소를 종합하여 분석의 틀을 작성하고 지하공간의 선진사례를 분석하여 국내 예정되어 있는 지하공간복합개발의 사례를 분석한다. 이와 더불어 지하공간개발에 있어 적용가능 한 스마트기술 사례를 분석하고 이를 종합하여 지속가능한 지하공간개발에 초점을 맞추어 정리한다. (결과) 이에 본 연구에서는 최근 대두되고 있는 지하공간개발의 필요성과 더불어 삶의 질 향상과 편리한 생활환경을 위해 출현한 스마트 시티의 이론적 고찰을 통해 분석의 방향을 수립하였다. 먼저 지하공간의 복합개발의 해외 선진 사례와 국내 사례를 총 4개의 사례를 선정하였고 선정된 각 사례에 지하공간 계획유형과 요소가 계획되어 있는지 분석하였고, 이와 더불어 지하공간의 계획의 유형과 요소를 스마트시티 측면으로 재분류하여 지하공간의 스마트 기술 적용에 대하여 분석하였다. 이 분석을 통해서 결과적으로 요소별 지하공간의 스마트기술의 적용이 가능한지 종합하였다. 스마트기술의 적용가능성은 이미 개발 완료된 사례와 개발 중 또는 예정인 사례로 결과 예측이 가능하였다. (결론) 이 연구는 지하공간을 스마트시티의 측면에서 분석한 것에 의의가 있고 지하공간계획요소와 스마트기술의 적용가능성을 어느 정도 예측 할 수 있었다. 따라서 적용분석 결과에 따라 지하공간의 특성에 적합한 계획요소를 도출할 수 있었다. 또한 향후 지하공간개발이 활발할 것으로 예측되는 상황에서 지상공간에만 국한되었던 스마트시티의 기술요소들을 지하공간까지 확장하여 지속가능한 지하공간을 만들고자 하는 것이 연구의 목적이었으므로 이는 향후 연구에 있어 기초적인 자료로 사용할 수 있을 것이다.
Susceptibility of chicken <i>Lactobacillus</i> bacteria to coccidiostats (2020)

The aim of this study was to determine the susceptibility of Lactobacillus bacteria to selected coccidiostats. Seventy-five Lactobacillus isolates obtained from chickens were classified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and 16S rDNA restriction analysis into seven species, among which L. salivarius (33%) and L. johnsonii (24%) were dominant. Susceptibility of lactobacilli to coccidiostats was determined by broth microdilution method. The ranges of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were 0.5-≥128 µg/ml for monensin, 0.125-8 µg/ml for salinomycin, ≤0.03-2 µg/ml for lasalocid A, and 4-16 µg/ml for robenidine. Coccidiostats in low concentrations inhibited in vitro growth of most lactobacilli and therefore there is a high probability that administration of this drugs to chickens would reduce the number of lactobacilli in the gut.
Stability Analysis of an Nth Power Digital Phase-Locked Loop - Part I: First-Order DPLL (1980)

The behavior of a digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) which tracks the positive-going zero crossings of the incoming signal can be characterized by a nonlinear difference equation in the phaseerror process. This equation was first presented by Gill and Gupta for the CW loop, and modified by Osborne and Lindsey for the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> th power loop. Stability results have been previously obtained for first- and second-order loops by linearizing the equation about the steady-state solution. However, in this paper, a mathematically more rigorous and powerful approach is introduced whereby the acquisition behavior is studied by formulating the equation as a fixed-point problem. Stability results can be obtained by studying the nonlinear equation directly, using theorems pertaining to the convergence behavior of the Picard iterates, e.g., Ostrowski's Theorem and the Contraction Mapping Theorem. Using this formulation, we present some new stability results (and rederive some previously obtained results) for the first- and second-order DPLL's. Then, some stability results for the third-order DPLL are derived for the first time. The first-order DPLL results appear in Part I, and the higher order DPLL results appear in Part II.
Software Piracy Prevention through Digital Rights Management Systems (2006)

Software publishers use digital rights management, specifically copy-protection techniques, to prevent unauthorized and illegal copying of their software products. Common forms of prevention are copy-protection techniques based on physical tokens. While physical tokens provide better protection from unauthorized copying than intangible ones, the protected digital content becomes unsuitable for online distribution. This paper investigates the role of copy-protection techniques based on physical and intangible tokens in software piracy prevention. An internationally organized online survey among users of sequencer software, a particular kind of music software, provides the data for the subsequent descriptive analysis and logistic regression. Based on our findings, we present the general implications of our results for a software publisher's anti-piracy and online distribution policy.
Mechanics of Glomerular Ultrafiltration (1977)

IN mammals, a fifth to a third of the large volume of plasma that enters the kidney is driven through the capillary walls of the glomerulus to form glomerular filtrate. Micropuncture technics have made it possible to sample this glomerular filtrate and have shown that its composition closely resembles that of an ideal ultrafiltrate of plasma. In recent years, much has been learned about the physiologic determinants of glomerular ultrafiltration. This discussion is intended to identify these determinants and to illustrate how each of them influences the ultrafiltration rate.Physiologic Determinants of Glomerular UltrafiltrationPlasma arrives at the glomerulus under . . .
Analysis and Design of On-Chip Decoupling Capacitors (2012)

Power supply noise management continues to be a challenge with the scaling of CMOS technologies. Use of on-chip decoupling capacitors (decaps) is the most common noise suppression technique and has significant associated area and leakage costs. There are numerous methods of implementing decaps and it is not always clear which implementation is the most optimal for the given design constraints. This paper characterizes various decap implementations including MOS-based decaps, multilayer metal decaps, and metal-insulator-metal decaps using postlayout simulations in a 65-nm CMOS technology, and provides an outline for determining the most optimal selection and design of decaps based on area, leakage, and location. Hybrid structures are further shown to boost the area efficiency of conventional nMOS decaps by an additional <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">${\sim}{25\%}$</tex></formula> .
Digital still HDTV disc system (1988)

A system is described in which an uncompressed video signal is recorded on a disk and reproduced by a disk player that is connected to a high-definition television (HDTV) processor. Although primarily intended for still picture reproduction, this system can generate a display command that adds false moving-picture effects to the reproduced image. Each still-picture frame consists of 1280*1024 active pixels. This system records the luminance signal Y and two color difference signals CW and CN as component codes. The sampling frequency is 49.68 MHz for signal Y, and 24.84 MHz for the color difference signals. These signals are quantized by 8-bit linear conversion. The reproducing system has frame memory capacity equivalent to 2048*2048 pixels, 3.2 times the quantity of data per frame. Each frame memory stores data that continues over two frames and also provides vertical frame scrolls. Since video data can be transmitted in both horizontal and vertical scanning directions, the picture can be switched from one frame to another, making a vertical or a horizontal wipe. The remaining video area of the frame memory can store split-screen data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Active tracking (1993)

This work describes a method for real-time motion detection using an active camera mounted on a pan/tilt platform. Image mapping is used to align images of different viewpoints so that static camera motion detection can be applied. In the presence of camera position noise, the image mapping is inexact and compensation techniques fail. The use of morphological filtering of motion images is explored to desensitize the detection of algorithm in inaccuracies in background compensation. Two motion detection techniques are examined, and experiments to verify the methods are presented. The system successfully extracts moving edges from dynamic images, even when the pan/tilt angles between successive frames are as large as 3/spl deg/.
Application of Mobile 2D Barcode in China (2008)

Mobile 2D barcode combining the advantages of 2D barcode and mobile phones facilitates easy access to any information at any time in any place through any media. It has become a proactive engine to promote the rapid development of Mobile-Internet and industry innovation. This paper first introduces the basic concepts of 2D barcode and mobile 2D barcode and analyzes the business modes and merits of mobile 2D barcode. Then, the current status of the application of mobile 2D barcode in China is elaborated with respect to its industry chain, business models and implementation. Finally, the issues in need of resolution by the industry are addressed.
Discrete-Time Dynamic User-Optimal Departure Time/Route Choice Model (1998)

This paper concerns a discrete-time, link-based, dynamic user-optimal departure time/route choice model using the variational inequality approach. The model complies with a dynamic user-optimal equilibrium condition in which for each origin-destination pair, the actual route travel times experienced by travelers, regardless the departure time, is equal and minimal. A nested diagonalization procedure is proposed to solve the model. Numerical examples are then provided for demonstration and detailed elaboration for multiple solutions and Braess's paradox.
Computation, Causation, and Discovery (1999)

In science, business, and policymaking—anywhere data are used in prediction—two sorts of problems requiring very different methods of analysis often arise. The first, problems of recognition and classification, concerns learning how to use some features of a system to accurately predict other features of that system. The second, problems of causal discovery, concerns learning how to predict those changes to some features of a system that will result if an intervention changes other features. This book is about the second—much more difficult—type of problem. Typical problems of causal discovery are: How will a change in commission rates affect the total sales of a company? How will a reduction in cigarette smoking among older smokers affect their life expectancy? How will a change in the formula a college uses to award scholarships affect its dropout rate? These sorts of changes are interventions that directly alter some features of the system and perhaps—and this is the question—indirectly alter others. The contributors discuss recent research and applications using Bayes nets or directed graphic representations, including representations of feedback or "recursive" systems. The book contains a thorough discussion of foundational issues, algorithms, proof techniques, and applications to economics, physics, biology, educational research, and other areas.
Effect of antibodies on chemiluminescence and on killing of <i>Streptococcus sobrinus</i> by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (1996)

The effect of a polyclonal antiserum and OMVU10, a monoclonal antibody reactive with Antigen B of Streptococcus sobrinus, on the interaction of polymorphonuclear leukocytes with S. sobrinus was studied, using chemiluminescence and bacterial killing assays. Increased stimulation of neutrophils as measured in the chemiluminescence assays was established when S. sobrinus was preincubated with polyclonal antiserum or when polyclonal antiserum was added to the reaction mixture. Higher counts were measured in comparison to preimmune serum. After 90 min, 52% of S. sobrinus preincubated with polyclonal antiserum was killed. Killing was also increased when polyclonal antiserum was added to the reaction mixture in comparison to the controls. No killing was found when bacteria were preincubated with OMVU10 or when OMVU10 was added to the reaction mixture in comparison to Clone 24, a control antibody.