gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NF-κB Protection against Apoptosis Induced by HEMA (2004)

The cytotoxicity of dental monomers has been widely investigated, but the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated. We studied the molecular mechanisms involved in cell death induced by HEMA. In human primary fibroblasts, HEMA induced a dose-dependent apoptosis that was confirmed by the activation of caspases-8, -9, and -3. We found an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NF-kappaB activation after HEMA exposure. Blocking of ROS production by anti-oxidants had no direct influence on apoptosis caused by HEMA, but inhibition of NF-kappaB increased the fraction of apoptotic cells. Accordingly, mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) from p65-/- mice were more susceptible to HEMA-induced apoptosis than were wild-type controls. Our results indicate that exposure to HEMA triggers apoptosis and that this mechanism is not directly dependent upon redox signaling. Nevertheless, ROS induction by HEMA activates NF-kappaB, which exerts a protective role in counteracting apoptosis.
On the aggregation problem for synthesized web services (2010)

The paper formulates and investigates the aggregation problem for synthesized mediators of Web services (SWMs). An SWM is a finite-state transducer defined in terms of templates for component services. Upon receiving an artifact, an SWM selects a set of available services from a library to realize its templates, and invokes those services to operate on the artifact, in parallel; it produces a numeric value as output (e.g., the total price of a package) by applying synthesis rules. Given an SWM, a library and an input artifact, the aggregation problem is to find a mapping from the component templates of the SWM to available services in the library that maximizes (or minimizes) the output. As opposed to the composition syntheses of Web services, the aggregation problem aims to optimize the realization of a given mediator, to best serve the users' need. We analyze this problem, and show that its complexity depends on the underlying graph structure of the mediator: while it is undecidable when such graphs contain even very simple cycles, it is solvable in single-exponential time (in the size of the specification) for SWMs whose underlying graphs are acyclic. We prove several results of this kind, with matching lower bounds (NP and PSPACE), and analyze restrictions that lead to polynomial-time solutions.
Substitution of the insulin receptor transmembrane domain with that of glycophorin A inhibits insulin action (1999)

To study the role of transmembrane (TM) domains interactions in the activation of the insulin receptor, we have replaced the insulin receptor TM domain with that of glycophorin A (GpA), an erythrocyte protein that spontaneously forms detergent-resistant dimers through TM-TM interactions. Insulin receptor cDNA sequences with the TM domain replaced by that of GpA were constructed and stably transfected in CHO cells. Insulin binding to cells and solubilized receptors was not modified. Electrophoresis after partial reduction of disulfide bonds revealed an altered structure for the soluble chimeric receptors, seen as an altered mobility apparently due to increased interactions between the beta subunits of the receptor. Insulin signaling was markedly decreased for cells transfected with chimeric receptors compared with cells transfected with normal receptors. A decrease in insulin-induced receptor kinase activity was observed for solubilized chimeric receptors. In conclusion, substitution by the native GpA TM domain of the insulin receptor results in structurally modified chimeric receptors that are unable to transmit the insulin signal properly. It is hypothesized that this substitution may impose structural constraints that prevent the proper changes in conformation necessary for activation of the receptor kinase. Other mutants modifying the structure or the membrane orientation of the glycophorin A TM domain are required to better understand these constraints.
Evaluation of Multiprotein Immunoaffinity Subtraction for Plasma Proteomics and Candidate Biomarker Discovery Using Mass Spectrometry (2006)

Strategies for removal of high abundance proteins have been increasingly utilized in proteomic studies of serum/plasma and other body fluids to enhance the detection of low abundance proteins and achieve broader proteome coverage; however, both the reproducibility and specificity of the high abundance protein depletion process still represent common concerns. Here we report a detailed evaluation of immunoaffinity subtraction performed applying the ProteomeLab IgY-12 system that is commonly used in human serum/plasma proteome characterization in combination with high resolution LC-MS/MS. Plasma samples were repeatedly processed using this approach, and the resulting flow-through fractions and bound fractions were individually analyzed for comparison. The removal of target proteins by the immunoaffinity subtraction system and the overall process was highly reproducible. Non-target proteins, including one spiked protein standard (rabbit glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), were also observed to bind to the column at different levels but also in a reproducible manner. The results suggest that multiprotein immunoaffinity subtraction systems can be readily integrated into quantitative strategies to enhance detection of low abundance proteins in biomarker discovery studies.
THE INFLUENCE OF PANCREATIC AND DUODENAL EXTRACTS ON THE GLYCOSURIA AND THE RESPIRATORY METABOLISM OF DEPANCREATIZED DOGS (1913)

Several dogs completely depancreatized by Hedon's method and eliminating glucose and nitrogen in Minkowski's ratio were treated by intravenous injection of pancreatic extract prepared by Knowlton and Starling's method.1 The urines collected in twenty-four hour periods exhibited an increase in the D: N ratio on the days immediately following. When the urine was collected in short periods after injection, a marked fall in the sugar output was witnessed lasting from four to ten hours but this was followed by a compensating rise which, in some instances, augmented the total for the twenty-four hour period, in others raised it only to the previous level.Much greater effects were obtained with a double extract of dog's pancreas and duodenal mucosa. The following experiment (No. II) is typical. The effect, however, cannot be ascribed to the organic extract from either the pancreas or the duodenum for the same Ringer's solution in which the tissues were extracted when made alkaline to about the same extent with N...
Calculated sputtering and atomic displacement cross-sections for applications to medium voltage analytical electron microscopy (1987)

The development of medium voltage electron microscopes having high brightness electron sources and ultra-high vacuum environments has been anticipated by the microscopy community now for several years. The advantages of such a configuration have been discussed to great lengths, while the potential disadvantages have for the most part been neglected. The most detrimental of these relative to microcharacterization are the effects of electron sputtering and atomic displacement to the local specimen composition. These effects have in the past been considered mainly in the high voltage electron microscope regime and generally were ignored in lower voltage instruments. Recent experimental measurements have shown that the effects of electron sputtering as well as radiation induced segregation can be observed in conventional transmission electron microscopes. It is, therefore, important to determine at what point the effects will begin to manifest themselves in the new generation of medium voltage analytical electron microscopes. In this manuscript we present new calculations which allow the individual experimentalist to determine the potential threshold levels for a particular elemental system and thus avoid the dangers of introducing artifacts during microanalysis. 12 refs., 3 figs.
Minimum-sized influential node set selection for social networks under the independent cascade model (2014)

Social networks are important mediums for communication,information dissemination, and influence spreading. Most of existing works focus on understanding the characteristics of social networks or spreading information through the 'word of mouth' effect of social networks. However, motivated by applications of alleviating social problems, such as drinking, smoking, addicting to gaming, and influence spreading problems, such as promoting new products, we propose a new optimization problem named the Minimum-sized Influential Node Set (MINS) selection problem, which is to identify the minimum-sized set of influential nodes, such that every node in the network could be influenced by these selected nodes no less than a threshold. Our contributions are threefold. First, we prove that, under the independent cascade model, MINS is NP-hard. Subsequently, we present a greedy approximation algorithm to address the MINS selection problem. Moreover, the performance ratio of the greedy algorithm is analyzed. Finally, to validate the proposed greedy algorithm, extensive experiments and simulations are conducted both on real world coauthor data sets and random graphs.
Probe layer measurements of electroluminescence excitation in ac thin-film devices (1981)

It is found that Mn electroluminescence (EL) efficieny varies widely with the position of a Mn-doped probe layer in a double dielectric thin-film ZnS ac EL device. TbF3-and Ag-doped layers exhibit a more uniform EL efficiency. The results are consistent with impact excitation of Mn in an electric field that varies in the ZnS due to space charge. The more uniform EL efficiency probed in TbF3, in contrast, suggests that the excitation mechanisms of Tb is not primarily by hot-electron impact in our devices.
The load‐distance balancing problem (2011)

Abstract Problems dealing with assignment of clients to servers have been widely studied. However, they usually do not model the fact that the delay incurred by a client is a function of both the distance to the assigned server and the load on this server, under a given assignment. We study a problem referred to as the load‐distance balancing (LDB) problem, where the objective is assigning a set of clients to a set of given servers. Each client suffers a delay, that is, the sum of the network delay (which is proportional to the distance to its server) and the congestion delay at this server, a nondecreasing function of the number of clients assigned to the server. We address two flavors of LDB—the first one seeking to minimize the maximum incurred delay, and the second one targeted for minimizing the average delay. For the first variation, we present hardness results, a best possible approximation algorithm, and an optimal algorithm for a special case of linear placement of clients and servers. For the second one, we show the problem is NP‐hard in general, and present a 2‐approximation for concave delay functions and an exact algorithm, if the delay function is convex. We also consider the game theoretic version of the second problem and show the price of stability of the game is at most 2 and at least 4/3. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2012
31 Molecular Genetics of Amino Acid, Nucleotide, and Vitamin Biosynthesis (1994)

The study of plant intermediary metabolism has recently been energized by recruitment of the techniques of genetics and molecular biology. This is an interesting field of study in plant biology because there are a number of special uses that plants make of amino acids, nucleotides, and their biosynthetic intermediates, in addition to their role in protein and nucleic acid biosynthesis. These include synthesis of secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids and the hormones auxin, cytokinin, and ethylene; the structural lignins; and the nitrogen storage compounds known as ureides. A deeper understanding of the regulation of these primary metabolic pathways should provide strategies for manipulating such agronomic traits as nutritional quality, growth rate and morphology, and environmental stress susceptibility. Studies of the regulation of metabolic pathways and coregulation of primary and secondary metabolism should lead to insights about the molecular genetic mechanisms governing complex processes in plants. This is not an exhaustive literature review. Instead, we focus on some pathways that are of particular interest to plant biologists and about which a reasonable amount of biochemical, molecular, or genetic information is available. Whenever possible, work on Arabidopsis thaliana is highlighted, or mention is made of important questions that could be answered using Arabidopsis. We encourage interested readers to consult the recent review articles cited throughout the text to obtain more details. AMMONIUM ASSIMILATION INTO AMINO ACIDS Genetic Analysis of the GS-GOGAT Cycle The nitrogen atoms incorporated into amino acids, nucleotides, and vitamins are ultimately derived from ammonium. This is generated by a...
An extrasolar extreme-ultraviolet object. II - The nature of HZ 43 (1976)

A variety of data are presented concerning the spectrum, distance, temperature, and evolutionary state of the hot white dwarf HZ 43, the first extrasolar object to be detected in the EUV band. The data include spectrophotometry of the star and its red dwarf companion (HZ 43B), a trigonometric parallax for the star, its tangential velocity, and results of soft X-ray and EUV observations. The main conclusions are that: (1) the spectrum of HZ 43A is that of a hot DAwk star, (2) HZ 43B is a dM3.5e star, (3) the distance of the system is about 65 pc, (4) the tangential velocity is not atypical of white dwarfs, and (5) the stellar energy distribution of HZ 43A is well fitted by a black body with an effective temperature of approximately 110,000 K. Evolutionary implications of the existence of an object as hot as HZ 43A are briefly considered, and it is suggested that the progenitors of hot DA stars must include objects hotter than spectral type sdB, with logical possibilities being nuclei of planetary nebulae and sdO stars.
Electron spin resonance spectra of N-nitrosodialkylamine radical cations electrochemically generated in solution. (1983)

The paramagnetic species formed by in situ electrochemical oxidation of N-nitroso-2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine (1), N-nitrosodicyclohexylamine (2), and N-nitrosodiisopropylamine (3) in acetonitrile or propionitrile at -30--90°C have been identified as the radical cations, >N+=N-O, derived from the parent nitrosamines by one-electron transfer. The radical cations are σ-radicals isoelectronic with the corresponding iminoxy radicals and show long-range couplings to hydrogen atoms, but the value of hyperfine splitting constant of the nitroso-nitrogen (ca. 45G) is the largest known for a nitrogen atom in an organic molecule. The order to stability of the radical cations is as follows : that derived from 1 > that from 2 > that from 3.
Cost Estimation Model for PAN Based Carbon Fiber Manufacturing Process (2016)

A polyacrilonitrile (PAN) based carbon fiber manufacturing cost estimation model driven by weight is presented in this study. One of the biggest limiting factors in the large scale use of carbon fiber (CF) in manufacturing is its high cost. The costs involved in manufacturing the carbon fiber have been formalized into a cost model in order to facilitate the understanding of these factors. This can play a key role in manufacturing CF in a cost effective method. This cost model accounts for the fixed and variable costs involved in all stages of manufacturing, in addition to accounting for price elasticity.
Pharmacologic Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Methodologic Critique Based Upon Current Knowledge of Symptomatology and Relevance for Drug Trials (1992)

Research on the nature of clinical symptomatology in AD indicates that two fundamentally different types of symptoms are identifiable. Symptoms within each of these two domains have common characteristics. The first symptomatic domain has been termed the “cognitive domain” and the second the “noncognitive behavioral domain.” Symptoms and losses in the cognitive domain occur invariably and progressively with the advance of AD over time. Symptoms in the behavioral domain do not invariably occur in AD and do not progress monotonically with the advance in AD over time. However, characteristic behavioral domain symptoms can be described over the course of AD.The two symptomatic domains are likely to differ not only in nature and progression in AD, but also in underlying pathophysiology and in terms of possible treatment modalities. They also pose fundamentally different issues of assessment in AD. These distinct factors necessitate the separate assessment of the two Symptomatic domains in AD treatment trials. Judgments of efficacy and utility in remediating either symptomatic domain in AD should take into consideration the effects of treatment on both cognitive domain and behavioral domain symptoms separately and interactively. Appropriate assessment procedures are discussed.
Double-Polarity Selective Area Growth of GaN Metal Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy by Using Carbon Mask Layers (2013)

For nonlinear optical applications using gallium nitride (GaN), periodic inversion of crystallographic orientation (polarity) is required for quasi-phase matching. We developed a novel procedure for designing polarity patterns in GaN using metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE), and we used this to fabricate periodic polarity-inverted GaN films. By using a carbon mask for the formation of the selective area, substrate nitriding and mask removal of the selective area were carried out in the GaN epitaxial growth process. In this report, double-polarity selective area growth (DP-SAG) was realized by optimizing the nitriding and mask removal conditions. The interface of the Ga-polarity/N-polarity region became sharp by controlling the V/III ratio at 4700.
Effects of Type 2 Diabetes on the Regulation of Hepatic Glucose Metabolism (2004)

Glucose production is inappropriately increased in people with type 2 diabetes both before and after food ingestion. Excessive postprandial glucose production occurs in the presence of decreased and delayed insulin secretion and lack of suppression of glucagon release. These abnormalities in hormone secretion, coupled with impaired insulin-induced suppression of glucose production and stimulation of splanchnic glucose uptake, likely account in large part for the excessive amounts of glucose that reach the systemic circulation for disposal by peripheral tissues following food ingestion. In contrast, when adequate basal insulin concentrations are present, neither glucagon-induced stimulation of glucose production nor glucose-induced suppression of glucose production differs in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects matched for gender, age, and degree of obesity. However, when insulin secretion is defective, lack of suppression of glucagon can cause substantial hyperglycemia by enhancing rates of glucose production. Therefore, normalization of hepatic glucose metabolism in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus likely will require normalization of insulin and glucagon secretion as well as hepatic insulin action.
Identification and partial characterization of a prolactin-like hormone produced by rat decidual tissue. (1985)

Previous studies have strongly, but indirectly, suggested that rat decidual tissue produces a prolactin-like hormone, decidual luteotropin, which markedly affects luteal cell function. However, it was also found that extracts of decidual tissue do not cross-react with antisera to either rat or ovine prolactin (PRL). The purpose of this study was to determine whether the decidual tissue contains a substance that binds to PRL receptors in rat luteal membranes and, if so, to identify, quantitate, and characterize this molecule with the use of an ovarian radioreceptor assay. Decidual tissue was induced in day 5 pseudopregnant rats by scratching the antimesometrial wall of the uterus; it was collected on day 9 and homogenized and extracted. Decidual tissue extracts bound specifically to ovarian PRL receptors. Graded dilutions of the extracts yielded curves that were parallel to the ovine PRL standard, indicating that decidual luteotropin competes for the same receptor sites on rat luteal membranes. To determine the levels of decidual luteotropin throughout pseudopregnancy, decidual tissue was obtained on each day between days 6-12. The PRL-like activity was detectable in decidual tissue as early as day 6, reached a maximum on day 9, and declined thereafter. The elution profile obtained from gel filtration of a day 9 decidual tissue extract displayed a major component of decidual luteotropin eluting at a Ve/Vo ratio of approximately equal to 2.0. Column chromatography indicated that decidual luteotropin corresponds to a protein with a molecular weight of 23,500. The hormone was heat labile, digestible by trypsin, and appears to contain disulfide linkages. In summary, this study reports the identification, quantitation, and partial characterization of a PRL-like hormone produced by the decidual tissue of the rat.
Di-t-butyl peroxide as a diesel fuel additive (1997)

Increasing the cetane number by adding a chemical cetane improvement additive is a cost-effective way to produce cleaner burning diesel fuels. DTBP, a peroxide-based cetane improvement additive, can be very effective as a cetane improver. It can be synthesized cheaply by reacting isobutylene with t-butyl hydroperoxide, and its performance is comparable to that of EHN, the cetane improver currently used commercially. DTBP potentially can reduce NO{sub x} emissions more than the nitrate data comparable cetane level. The additive is thermally and oxidatively stable in diesel fuels at typical fuel systems temperatures.
Oxygen Bonding in High-Temperature Superconductors (1988)

Oxygen evolution experiments in low- and high-Tc ceramic superconductors are used to identify the desorption kinetics and activation energies. It is found that oxygen desorps at 600 °C from Cu-O chains (where present) with an activation energy of 1.2 eV, whereas the desorption from other oxygen-containing planes occurs at 800 °C with a higher activation energy of 2.8 eV.
Induction of Crassulacean acid metabolism by water limitation (2002)

Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), a key adaptation of photosynthetic carbon fixation to limited water availability, is characterized by nocturnal CO2 fixation and daytime CO2 re-assimilation, which generally results in improved water-use efficiency. However, CAM plants display a remarkable degree of photosynthetic plasticity within a continuum of diel gas exchange patterns. Genotypic, ontogenetic and environmental factors combine to govern the extent to which CAM is expressed. The ecological diversity of CAM is mirrored by plasticity in a range of biochemical and physiological attributes. In C3/CAM-intermediate plants, limited water availability can induce or enhance the expression of CAM. CAM induction is controlled by a combination of transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational regulatory events. Early events in CAM induction point to a requirement for calcium and calcium-dependent protein kinase activities. Gene discovery efforts, improved transformation technologies and genetic models for CAM plants, coupled with detailed physiological investigations, will lead to new insights into the molecular genetic basis of induction processes and the circadian oscillator that governs carbon flux during CAM. Future integration of genomic, biochemical and physiological approaches in selected CAM models promise to provide a detailed view of the complex regulatory dynamics involved in CAM induction and modulation by water deficit. Such information is expected to have broad significance as the ecological and agricultural importance of CAM species increases in the face of global warming trends and the associated expansion of desertification in semi-arid regions around the world.