gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data preparation for data mining (1999)

Data Preparation for Data Mining addresses an issue unfortunately ignored by most authorities on data mining: data preparation. Thanks largely to its perceived difficulty, data preparation has traditionally taken a backseat to the more alluring question of how best to extract meaningful knowledge. But without adequate preparation of your data, the return on the resources invested in mining is certain to be disappointing.Dorian Pyle corrects this imbalance. A twenty-five-year veteran of what has become the data mining industry, Pyle shares his own successful data preparation methodology, offering both a conceptual overview for managers and complete technical details for IT professionals. Apply his techniques and watch your mining efforts pay off-in the form of improved performance, reduced distortion, and more valuable results.On the enclosed CD-ROM, you'll find a suite of programs as C source code and compiled into a command-line-driven toolkit. This code illustrates how the author's techniques can be applied to arrive at an automated preparation solution that works for you. Also included are demonstration versions of three commercial products that help with data preparation, along with sample data with which you can practice and experiment. * Offers in-depth coverage of an essential but largely ignored subject.* Goes far beyond theory, leading you-step by step-through the author's own data preparation techniques.* Provides practical illustrations of the author's methodology using realistic sample data sets.* Includes algorithms you can apply directly to your own project, along with instructions for understanding when automation is possible and when greater intervention is required.* Explains how to identify and correct data problems that may be present in your application.* Prepares miners, helping them head into preparation with a better understanding of data sets and their limitations.
A dual-band vehicular planar inverted-F antenna for ultra high frequency (UHF) applications (2003)

A small dual-band R-shaped planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) is introduced for vehicular application. Utilizing this unique geometry dual-frequency operation is achieved with a single feed. The proposed antenna operates in the 237-240 MHz and the 450-500 MHz bands with bandwidths of 15% and 4.3% respectively within VSWR of 2:1. Parametric data pertaining to the antenna impedance and VSWR are presented along with representative radiation patterns.
Purification and characterization of UL9, the herpes simplex virus type 1 origin-binding protein (1992)

UL9, the origin-binding protein of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), has been overexpressed in an insect cell overexpression system and purified to homogeneity. In this report, we confirm and extend recent findings on the physical properties, enzymatic activities, and binding properties of UL9. We demonstrate that UL9 exists primarily as a homodimer in solution and that these dimers associate to form a complex nucleoprotein structure when bound to the HSV origin of replication. We also show that UL9 is an ATP-dependent helicase, capable of unwinding partially duplex DNA in a sequence-independent manner. Although the helicase activity of UL9 is demonstrable on short duplex substrates in the absence of single-stranded DNA-binding proteins, the HSV single-stranded DNA-binding protein ICP8 (but not heterologous binding proteins) stimulates UL9 to unwind long DNA sequences of over 500 bases. We were not able to demonstrate unwinding of fully duplex DNA sequences containing the HSV origin of replication. However, in experiments designed to detect origin-dependent unwinding, we did find that UL9 wraps supercoiled DNA independent of sequence or ATP hydrolysis.
AMPHOTERICIN B THERAPY (1993)

From the Department of Internal Medicine, Sections on Infectious Diseases and Hematology-Oncology. Bowman Gray School of Medicine (JEP, DAH, JMC), and The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University (JMC), Winston-Salem, North Carolina
On deep speaker embeddings for text-independent speaker recognition (2018)

We investigate deep neural network performance in the textindependent speaker recognition task. We demonstrate that using angular softmax activation at the last classification layer of a classification neural network instead of a simple softmax activation allows to train a more generalized discriminative speaker embedding extractor. Cosine similarity is an effective metric for speaker verification in this embedding space. We also address the problem of choosing an architecture for the extractor. We found that deep networks with residual frame level connections outperform wide but relatively shallow architectures. This paper also proposes several improvements for previous DNN-based extractor systems to increase the speaker recognition accuracy. We show that the discriminatively trained similarity metric learning approach outperforms the standard LDA-PLDA method as an embedding backend. The results obtained on Speakers in the Wild and NIST SRE 2016 evaluation sets demonstrate robustness of the proposed systems when dealing with close to real-life conditions.
Application of ferrocene-derived chiral S,P-donor ligands for iridium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of quinolines (2005)

Chiral S,P-donor ferrocene-derived ligands were synthesized and applied in the asymmetric hydrogenation of quinolines using the [Ir(COD)Cl](2)/S, P-ligand complex as the catalyst in the presence of iodine. The effects of the solvent and hydrogen pressure on conversion and enantioselectivity were examined, and up to 82% ee was obtained. The planar chirality plays an important role in this reaction. R- and S-enantiomers of 1 2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline derivatives were obtained using ligands 3 and 5, respectively.
Current Prodrug Design for Drug Discovery (2009)

Prodrugs are inactive compounds which are metabolized either chemically or enzymatically in a controlled or predictable manner to the parent active drug inside the body. Prodrugs can enhance the therapeutic efficacy and/or reduce adverse effects via different mechanisms, including increased solubility, improved permeability and bioavailability, prolonged half-life, and tissue-targeted delivery. Besides the prodrug itself, optimization of vehicles and other enhancement techniques is important as well. Strategies to improve the oral bioavailability and achieve tumor-specific targeting have been the most important developments in prodrug design during the last 5 years. This review describes recent developments in orally administered and tumor-targeted prodrugs. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluations of these prodrugs are systematically introduced in this review.
On radiating-zone boundaries of short, λ2, and λ dipoles (2004)

This article presents a critical analysis of the classical definitions of the radiation regions for the particular case of short, /spl lambda//2, or /spl lambda/ dipole antennas, regions which we have revisited. We worked out a definition of radiation zones from consistent criteria directly linked with radiation characteristics: radiated field, wavefront, wave impedance, and radiated power. The "far-field zone" boundary is then defined as the distance beyond which the radiated wave is spherical and the radial component of the fields is negligible compared to the transverse component. Next, we consider the "near-field-reactive or very-near-field zone" to be the region wherein the wave impedance is different from Z/sub 0/ =120/spl pi/, and wherein the reactive power is not negligible when compared to the active power. In this paper, the short dipole case is first studied. Dipoles of length up to /spl lambda/ are also treated, considering diameters from 0 up to /spl lambda//20. The results obtained lead us to accurately set the boundaries of the radiation zones of dipoles without the need for the restrictive hypotheses of the classical definitions.
The binding of complement component C3 to antibody-antigen aggregates after activation of the alternative pathway in human serum (1981)

Preformed immune aggregates, containing antigen and either IgG (immunoglobulin G) or F(ab')2 rabbit antibody, were incubated with normal human serum under conditions allowing activation of only the alternative pathway of complement. Both the IgG and F(ab')2 immune aggregates bound C3b, the activated form of the complement component C3, in a similar manner, 2-3% of the C3 available in the serum being bound to the aggregates as C3b, and the rest remaining in the fluid phase as inactive C3b or uncleaved C3. It was found that the C3b was probably covalently bound to the IgG in the aggregates, since C3b-IgG complexes could be demonstrated on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, after repeated washing with buffers containing high salt or boiling under denaturing conditions. Incubation of the C3b-antibody-antigen aggregates in buffers known to destroy ester linkages had little effect on the C3b-IgG complexes, which suggested that C3b and IgG might be linked by an amide bond. Two main types of C3b-IgG complexes were found that had apparent mol.wts. of 360000 and 580000, corresponding to either one to two C3b molecules respectively bound to one molecule of antibody. On reduction of the C3b-IgG complexes it was found that the beta-chain, but not the alpha'-chain, of C3b was released along with all the light chain of IgG but only about half or less of the heavy chain of IgG. These results indicate that, during activation of the alternative pathway of complement by immune aggregates containing IgG antibody, the alpha'-chain of C3b may become covalently bound at one or two sites in the Fd portion of the heavy chain of IgG.
A Biodegradable Lethal Ovitrap for Control of Container-Breeding Aedes (2008)

Lethal ovitraps (LO) have been successfully deployed in dengue control operations in north Queensland, Australia since 2004. However, the current plastic-bucket LO must be retrieved before the pesticide-treated strip degrades and the trap begins producing mosquitoes. The logistics involved with trap retrieval are considerable and include recording trap location and retrieval date onto a database, locating and retrieving each trap, and examining lethal ovitraps for eggs. Collectively, these necessary activities greatly reduce the efficiency of dengue control. In response, we have developed a biodegradable lethal ovitrap (BLO) that does not need to be retrieved for the control of container-breeding Aedes, particularly Aedes aegypti. The BLOs were made by injection molding with the use of 2 proprietary blends of thermoplastic starch (TPS) polymer based on plasticised amylose maize polymers. In field trials, Ae. aegypti readily oviposited in BLOs, with those dyed black with the use of carbon black preferred. Water loss was higher in BLOs than in standard plastic LO because of weeping from the walls, although none of the BLOs failed in the 5 wk of the trial. The occurrence and rate of Ae. aegypti oviposition in both BLOs and the LO was comparable. In an accelerated standard composting trial (ISO16929:2002E), both BLOs fragmented within 4 wk, and no BLO particles were visible after 12 wk. Large numbers of BLOs could be deployed in a "set it and forget it" strategy to control Ae. aegypti and to stop dengue transmission, and could be used in a community participation program to maximize coverage.
Language and Ideology: A Framework for Analysis (1987)

This essay re-examines the concept of ideology and the relations between language, ideology and power. Two basic concepts of ideology are distinguished, a ‘neutral’ conception and a ‘critical’ conception, and the latter conception is developed and defended. To study ideology, it is proposed, is to study the ways in which meaning serves to sustain relations of domination. The analysis of language is thus central to the study of ideology, since language is one of the principal mediums through which meaning is mobilized in the social world. This reorientation of the study of ideology enables one to criticize certain misleading assumptions and provides a basis upon which one can pursue problems of interpretation, justification and critique.
A hydroquinone based palladium catalyst for room temperature nitro reduction in water (2014)

A Pd<sup>II</sup>–hydroquinone complex shows efficient catalytic reduction of aromatic nitro compounds in water at room temperature followed by Suzuki–Miyaura coupling.
Calcium hydroxide as a highly alkaline pH standard (1956)

The National Bureau of Standards conventional activity scale of pH is defin ed by a series of standard buffer solution s prepared from certified materials issued as N BS Stan dard Samples. The five standards thus far established cover the pH range 1.68 to 9.18 at 25 . In order to increa e t he accuracy of m easurements at high pH, a highly alkaline standard is needed.
An Integrated Accounting and Charging Architecture for Mobile Grids (2006)

The adoption of the Internet Protocol (IP) by a number of non-IP network operators, such as telecom or cable TV operators, opens the path toward new business models. IP will allow operators to provide a unified wired as well as wireless access to a wide range of services to their users. Additionally, using the same communication protocols and standard interfaces, enables different providers to coordinate any type of resources in virtual organizations (VO) and supports the composition of services aggregated across multiple domains. On one hand, such an open environment requires new business models to be adopted by the involved parties. On the other hand, grid middleware infrastructure supporting integrated accounting, charging, pricing, and billing across multiple domains has to be in place to facilitate service provisioning in multiple VOs. Based on the relevant set of requirements derived, a new and extended A4C Architecture (Authentication, Authorization, Accounting, Auditing, Charging) has been developed, implemented, and evaluated for mobile grids providing pervasive access to knowledge.
A New 3-Dimensional Comic Chat Environment for On-line Game Avatars (2008)

Chatting is a typical and crucial communication method for on-line gammers. The most popular game chat is based on plain text scripting similar to Internet instant messengers. Chat with word balloons is widely used in 3-D avatar agents in virtual space (e.g., SecondLife, IMVU). The current word balloon method with virtual space agents can be improved by exploiting stylized paper-book comics effects. The contribution of our work is twofold. First, we propose a realistic and unified communication interface that only requires typing text. For example, in our system, if an agent (avatar) wants to talk to other people, then that agent should approach within a audible and readable distance. We can control virtual loudness of the talking voice by controlling the input text. Second, our system successfully expresses background sound effects. That is we can depict chat atmosphere such as cheerful laughing or loud quarrel, without introducing multimedia features, by manipulating 3-D word balloons.
Cost and health consequences of reducing the population intake of salt (2000)

Population interventions to reduce the intake of salt are likely to improve the population's health and save costs to society.
The ColE1 Unidirectional Origin Acts as a Polar Replication Fork Pausing Site (1996)

Co-orientation of replication origins is the most common organization found in nature for multimeric plasmids. Streptococcus pyogenes broad-host-range plasmid pSM19035 and Escherichia coli pPI21 are among the exceptions. pPI21, which is a derivative of pSM19035 and pBR322, has two long inverted repeats, each one containing a potentially active ColE1 unidirectional origin. Analysis of pPI21 replication intermediates (RIs) by two-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy revealed the accumulation of a specific RI containing a single internal bubble. The data obtained demonstrated that initiation of DNA replication occurred at a single origin in pPI21. Progression of the replicating fork initiated at either of the two potential origins was transiently stalled at the other inversely oriented silent ColE1 origin of the plasmid. The accumulated RIs, containing an internal bubble, occurred as a series of stereoisomers with different numbers of knots in their replicated portion. These observations provide one of the first functional explanations for the disadvantage of head-to-head plasmid multimers with respect to head-to-tail ones.
How to Make a Decision: The Analytic Hierarchy Process (1994)

People make three general types of judgments to express importance, preference, or likelihood and use them to choose the best among alternatives in the presence of environmental, social, political, and other influences. They base these judgments on knowledge in memory or from analyzing benefits, costs, and risks. From past knowledge, we sometimes can develop standards of excellence and poorness and use them to rate the alternatives one at a time. This is useful in such repetitive situations as student admissions and salary raises that must conform with established norms. Without norms one compares alternatives instead of rating them. Comparisons must fall in an admissible range of consistency. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) includes both the rating and comparison methods. Rationality requires developing a reliable hierarchic structure or feedback network that includes criteria of various types of influence, stakeholders, and decision alternatives to determine the best choice.
Numerical Simulation of Creep Damage and Life Prediction of Superalloy Turbine Blade (2015)

Creep caused failure is an important failure mode of the turbine blade. A numerical approach of life assessment of the superalloy turbine blade is proposed in the present paper based on the Lemaitre-Chaboche creep damage model. Material damage is introduced into each element based on the ANSYS APDL function, and the creep damage effect is considered through the modification of Young’s modulus. At last, the strength life and stiffness life of the blade can be obtained through the maximum damage and maximum creep strain criterion, respectively. The present method can not only consider the effect of creep damage, but also give the time histories of the element stresses, damage, and creep strain. The above life prediction results based on the proposed method are compared with the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>θ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>projection method, and the results suggest that the present life prediction method of turbine blade is feasible and turbine blade’s life in the present study is determined by creep fracture rather than creep deformation.
Development of a new utility-connected photovoltaic inverter LINE BACK (2002)

A new utility-connected photovoltaic inverter called "LINE BACK", which is suited to small-scale photovoltaic generation systems for use in private households, has been developed. The inverter converts DC power generated by rooftop photovoltaic cells into AC power, and provides it to house loads connected to the utility line. When photovoltaic power is greater than the loads, the excess power is fed to the utility line through a reverse power flow. The inverter has several special functions such as a utility protection relay, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control, automatic operation with photovoltaic power, detection of islanding operation, and utility voltage compensation for reverse power flow. These functions and characteristics conform to the "Utility-Connected System Technical Guidelines" revised by Japan's Ministry of International Trade and Industry in March 1993.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Research of Emergency Service Nodes Location Model Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm (2009)

An approach for emergency service nodes location problem based on improved genetic algorithm is proposed. An optional model of the least emergency service nodes allocation by a deadline line is established, which is much more suitable for the actual emergency service nodes location. The genetic algorithm designed for location model is improved by the genetic seeds, which produce the original population and filial generation population. The example was given showing the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Design of Field-Controlled Multi-Layer Insulation System (1986)

A novel method is proposed and validated experimentally to increase the breakdown voltage of an insulating system for applications in the electrical insulation of large power equipment. The method relies on controlling the electric field within a multilayer insulation system. The insulation system is constructed from n layers of insulation and m very thin conducting strips placed between successive insulating layers. The conducting strip at each layer is symmetrically shifted by a constant distance determined from a shifting factor which is calculated to maximize the withstand voltage of the insulation. The potential distribution within the composite insulation is determined from the solution of the Laplace equation for different design parameters, and it is shown that the field can be reduced for a proper choice of the dimensions of the system. A composite insulation system based on the proposed method has been fabricated and tested for ac (60 Hz) and impulse voltages. Substantial improvements in the withstand voltage are obtained over an identically sized system without the conducting strips, thus validating the analysis presented in this paper.
ACED: Accurate And Edge-Consistent Monocular Depth Estimation (2020)

Single image depth estimation is a challenging problem. The current state-of-the-art method formulates the problem as that of ordinal regression. However, the formulation is not fully differentiable and depth maps are not generated in an end-to-end fashion. The method uses a native threshold strategy to determine per-pixel depth labels, which results in significant discretization errors. For the first time, we formulate a fully differentiable ordinal regression and train the network in end-to-end fashion. This enables us to include boundary and smoothness constraints in the optimization function, leading to smooth and edge-consistent depth maps. A novel per-pixel confidence map computation for depth refinement is also proposed. Extensive evaluation of the proposed model on challenging benchmarks reveals its superiority over recent state-of-the-art methods, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Additionally, we demonstrate practical utility of the proposed method for single camera bokeh solution using in-house dataset of challenging real-life images.
Power analysis and optimization methods of the pipelined array multiplier (2003)

In this paper, we presented a feasible method of pre-distributing the operators by some additional logic to reduce the dynamic power dissipation in a pipelined array multiplier, and evaluated the results by the flexible estimation methods, gate-level simulation or register-annotated simulation. The experimental results indicated that this internal optimization reduced the power consumption of this circuit effectively.
An Enhanced Greedy Resource Allocation Algorithm for Localized SC-FDMA Systems (2013)

The subchannel adjacency constraint makes resource allocation difficult to solve in single carrier localized frequency division multiple access (SC-LFDMA) systems. In this letter, we propose an enhanced greedy two-step resource allocation algorithm. In the first 'enclosure' step, through a 'potential assign' processing, a base station (BS) chooses several 'stronger' users and gives them priorities to locate their first subchannels. In the second 'contributing' step, the BS allows all users to compete for the remaining subchannels according to the best contribution criterion. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm not only achieves higher spectral efficiency than the conventional greedy algorithms, but also improves the proportional fairness among users.