gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formaldehyde in brain: an overlooked player in neurodegeneration? (2013)

Formaldehyde is an environmental pollutant that is also generated in substantial amounts in the human body during normal metabolism. This aldehyde is a well-established neurotoxin that affects memory, learning, and behavior. In addition, in several pathological conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, an increase in the expression of formaldehyde-generating enzymes and elevated levels of formaldehyde in brain have been reported. This article gives an overview on the current knowledge on the generation and metabolism of formaldehyde in brain cells as well as on formaldehyde-induced alterations in metabolic processes. Brain cells have the potential to generate and to dispose formaldehyde. In culture, both astrocytes and neurons efficiently oxidize formaldehyde to formate which can be exported or further oxidized. Although moderate concentrations of formaldehyde are not acutely toxic for brain cells, exposure to formaldehyde severely affects their metabolism as demonstrated by the formaldehyde-induced acceleration of glycolytic flux and by the rapid multidrug resistance protein 1-mediated export of glutathione from both astrocytes and neurons. These formaldehyde-induced alterations in the metabolism of brain cells may contribute to the impaired cognitive performance observed after formaldehyde exposure and to the neurodegeneration in diseases that are associated with increased formaldehyde levels in brain.
Electro-Oxidation of Formic Acid, Methanol, and Ethanol on Electrodeposited Pd-Polyaniline Nanofiber Films in Acidic and Alkaline Medium (2009)

We present here a simple and direct electrochemical method of depositing a porous Palladium−Polyaniline (Pd-PANI) nanofiber film on conducting surfaces. The one step method consists of the in situ polymerization of aniline in the solution and simultaneous formation of a film of Pd-PANI. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show a dendritic structure and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and XPS confirm the presence of Pd in the nanofiber film. The cyclic voltammetric studies in acid media show a large electroactive surface area and high hydrogen absorption capacity of the porous film. The excellent electrocatalytic activity of Pd-PANI nanofiber film has been confirmed from the electro-oxidation reaction of formic acid in acidic media and alcohols (ethanol and methanol) in alkaline medium, making it a potential candidate for direct fuel cells (DFCs) in both acidic and alkaline media.
Reduction-oxidation poise regulates the sign of phototaxis in <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> (2011)

In many phototrophic microorganisms and plants, chloroplasts change their positions relative to the incident light to achieve optimal photosynthesis. In the case of motile green algae, cells change their swimming direction by switching between positive and negative phototaxis, i.e., swimming toward or away from the light source, depending on environmental and internal conditions. However, little is known about the molecular signals that determine the phototactic direction. Using the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, we found that cellular reduction-oxidation (redox) poise plays a key role: Cells always exhibited positive phototaxis after treatment with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and always displayed negative phototaxis after treatment with ROS quenchers. The redox-dependent switching of the sign of phototaxis may contribute in turn to the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis.
The integrated optic spectrum analyzer - A first demonstration (1980)

This paper reports on the performance of the first fully Integrated Optical Spectrum Analyzer consisting of a GaAlAs semiconductor laser, a LiNb0/sub 3/ integrated optic chip, and a Si detector/CCD linear array,
Cell-Electrospinning and Its Application for Tissue Engineering (2019)

Electrospinning has gained great interest in the field of regenerative medicine, due to its fabrication of a native extracellular matrix-mimicking environment. The micro/nanofibers generated through this process provide cell-friendly surroundings which promote cellular activities. Despite these benefits of electrospinning, a process was introduced to overcome the limitations of electrospinning. Cell-electrospinning is based on the basic process of electrospinning for producing viable cells encapsulated in the micro/nanofibers. In this review, the process of cell-electrospinning and the materials used in this process will be discussed. This review will also discuss the applications of cell-electrospun structures in tissue engineering. Finally, the advantages, limitations, and future perspectives will be discussed.
Scaling of contour-coded binary images (1978)

Contour-coded binary images on a discrete square grid can be expanded by means of a simple numerical manipulation of their chain code if they are first decomposed into elementary convex patterns. This approach avoids several shape-interpretation problems, arising with arbitrary blobs, and reduces geometrical distortions to a minimum.
Adaptive navigation and motion planning for a mobile track robot (2017)

Localization and navigation of mobile robots precisely in an indoor environment is one of most important and challenging tasks. Navigation using conventional approaches such as Global Positioning System (GPS) and some vision based odometry are not very much effective in indoor environments. Therefore, a magnetic wheel encoding mechanism was selected in order to improve the navigational method. Also it could be with the most common localization approaches such as GPS, inertial navigation systems and laser sensors. This paper discusses a mobile robot application which navigates using magnetic wheel encoders and camera sensor. Further, the robot uses Wi-Fi to gather information and it creates intelligence to find the path dynamically. The Central control center and its main database process all available data and send the relevant control commands to the robots. Additionally, it will direct the messages between the nodes and the robot and keep robots on the correct track. The environment that the robot is moving is a pulse of black lines in white background. For the detection of the line Hough transformation has been used. It is having the capability of detecting sensor nodes using Radio-frequency identification (RFID) or Quick Response (QR) codes and taking measurements and returning to the base station avoiding obstacles communicating between nodes and the base.
Comparison of the Schirmer I test with and without topical anesthesia for diagnosing dry eye. (2012)

S I t after topical anesthesia with 0.5% proparacaine hydrochloride eye drops is more objective and reliable than that without anesthesia in reflecting the status of DE, and its diagnostic value in patients with ADDE was even higher, making itself a meaningful evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of DE.
College teaching for student affairs professionals (2007)

Abstract This chapter describes a new perspective on student learning and its impact on the act and art of college teaching. It also addresses the teaching role of student affairs professionals.
The influence of ultraviolet irradiation on the blood transfusion effect. (1985)

Reports of improved survival of allografts in recipients of donor-specific blood prompted an attempt to determine the relationship of the antigenic composition of the blood product transfused to the development of immunologic unresponsiveness in rats. Cardiac allografts were transplanted from Fischer, Brown-Norway (BN), and Lewis (L) X BN (LBN) f1 hybrids to recipients treated with three weekly transfusions of 1 ml of donor-specific whole blood, erythrocytes, or ultraviolet-irradiated whole blood. Despite moderate improvement in survival with whole blood alone in the LBN- greater than L group (11.6 +/- 1.0 days), it was only with the ultraviolet-irradiated whole blood that marked prolongation was seen in all three strain combinations: Fischer- greater than L: 25.5 +/- 5.2, LBN- greater than L: 17.3 +/- 1.2, and BN- greater than L: 11.1 +/- 0.4 days compared with respective controls: 10.3 +/- 1.2, 7.3 +/- 0.5, and 7.4 +/- 0.6 days. Unlike reports for renal allografts, erythrocyte suspensions provided minimal protection for the cardiac allografts (14.2 +/- 0.8, 9.0 +/- 1.1, and 11.0 +/- 0.4 days, respectively), and adjunctive treatment with antilymphocyte serum had a similar small effect (16.3 +/- 1.4, 13.4 +/- 1.9, and 8.3 +/- 0.8 days, respectively). The elimination or inactivation of functional class 2 major histocompatibility complex antigens from the blood used for donor-specific blood transfusion may be an effective means of prolonging allograft survivals over those seen with whole blood alone; however, the degree of resultant unresponsiveness is still clearly influenced by dosage schedule, the organ transplanted, histocompatibility barrier, and adjunctive immunosuppression.
혁신학교 운영 현황 및 성과 분석에 대한 고찰 (2019)

최초에 혁신학교는 우리나라 교육에서 입시중심의 경쟁교육, 지식전달 중심의 교육, 관료주의적 교육개혁 정책, 개인주의적인 교사문화에 대한 위기인식과 대안으로 출발했다. 이러한 혁신학교가 운영된 지 10년이 지났고, 그동안 수행되어 온 혁신학교에 대한 연구 중 혁신학교의 현황 및 성과를 분석하고 향후 과제에 대해 고찰해보고자 한다.
선행연구 자료는 혁신학교가 가장 활발히 운영되는 경기, 서울, 전북교육청을 대상으로 현황 및 성과를 분석한 것으로서, 이를 통해 혁신학교의 공통적 성과 및 과제에 대해 분석하였다. 이를 토대로 혁신학교의 향후 과제들을 정리하고 고찰해보는 것에서 그 의의를 찾고자 한다.
p19<sup>Arf</sup> Represses Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor β by Transcriptional and Posttranscriptional Mechanisms (2012)

In addition to cancer surveillance, p19(Arf) plays an essential role in blocking signals stemming from platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (Pdgfrβ) during eye development, but the underlying mechanisms have not been clear. We now show that without Arf, pericyte hyperplasia in the eye results from enhanced Pdgfrβ-dependent proliferation from embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5) of mouse development. Loss of Arf in the eye increases Pdgfrβ expression. In cultured fibroblasts and pericyte-like cells, ectopic p19(Arf) represses and Arf knockdown enhances the expression of Pdgfrβ mRNA and protein. Ectopic Arf also represses primary Pdgfrβ transcripts and a plasmid driven by a minimal promoter, including one missing the CCAAT element required for high-level expression. p19(Arf) uses both p53-dependent and -independent mechanisms to control Pdgfrβ. In vivo, without p53, Pdgfrβ mRNA is elevated and eye development abnormalities resemble the Arf (-/-) phenotype. However, effects of p53 on Pdgfrβ mRNA do not appear to be due to direct p53 or RNA polymerase II recruitment to the promoter. Although p19(Arf) controls Pdgfrβ mRNA in a p53-dependent manner, it also blunts Pdgfrβ protein expression by blocking new protein synthesis in the absence of p53. Thus, our findings demonstrate a novel capacity for p19(Arf) to control Pdgfrβ expression by p53-dependent and -independent mechanisms involving RNA transcription and protein synthesis, respectively, to promote the vascular remodeling needed for normal vision.
The non‐homologous end‐joining pathway is not involved in the radiosensitization of mammalian cells by heat shock (2003)

A synergistic increase in cell killing is observed when a heat-shock is administered prior to, during, or immediately after exposure to ionizing radiation (IR). This phenomenon, known as heat-radiosensitization, is believed to be mediated by inhibition of repair of radiation-induced double strand breaks (DSB) when cells are exposed to temperatures above 42 degrees C. However, the mechanism by which heat inhibits DSB repair is unclear. The bulk of radiation-induced DSBs are repaired via the non-homologous end-joining pathway (NHEJ). Several reports indicate that the Ku70 and Ku80 subunits of the mammalian DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), a complex involved in NHEJ, appear to be susceptible to a heat-induced loss of DNA-binding activity, with Ku80 representing the heat-sensitive component. Since the heat-induced loss and subsequent recovery of Ku-DNA binding activity correlates well with heat-radiosensitization, a role for Ku80 and NHEJ in heat-radiosensitization has been proposed. However, direct evidence implicating Ku80 (and NHEJ) in heat-radiosensitization has been indeterminate. In this study, we demonstrate that equitoxic heat treatments at 42.5-45.5 degrees C induce a similar amount of aggregation of Ku80 in human U-1 melanoma cells. These data suggest that the time-temperature-dependent relationship between heat lethality and Ku80 aggregation are similar. However, the aggregation/disaggregation of Ku80 and its transient or permanent inactivation is unrelated to heat-radiosensitization. When survival curves were obtained for irradiated or irradiated and heated Ku80(-/-) mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) and compared with survival curves obtained for wild-type (WT) cells, we found that heat-radiosensitization was not reduced in the Ku80(-/-) cells, but actually increased. Thus, our findings indicate that Ku80 is not essential for heat-radiosensitization. Non-involvement of Ku-dependent or Ku-independent NHEJ pathways in heat-radiosensitization was confirmed by comparing clonogenic survival between DNA ligase IV-defective and WT human cells. Our data therefore implicate homologous recombination in inhibition of repair of radiation-induced DSBs and as a target for heat-radiosensitization.
A Selective, Ratiometric Fluorescent Sensor for Pb<sup>2+</sup> (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA Selective, Ratiometric Fluorescent Sensor for Pb2+Sandhya Deo and Hilary Arnold GodwinView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 1, 174–175Publication Date (Web):December 16, 1999Publication History Received29 June 1999Published online16 December 1999Published inissue 1 January 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja992238xhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja992238xrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3393Altmetric-Citations301LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Fluorescence,Imaging probes,Metals,Peptides and proteins,Probes Get e-Alerts
Angiotensin II Regulates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell pH, Contraction, and Growth Via Tyrosine Kinase–Dependent Signaling Pathways (1997)

Angiotensin II (Ang II), a potent vasoactive peptide with mitogenic potential, influences vascular smooth muscle cell contraction and growth through receptor-linked pathways that increase intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and pH (pHi). Activation of these second messengers by Ang II may involve tyrosine kinase-dependent signaling pathways. This study determined the role of tyrosine kinases in Ang II-stimulated pHi, and in simultaneously measured contractile and [Ca2+]i responses, as well as growth in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells from mesenteric arteries of Wistar-Kyoto rats. pHi was determined by fluorescent digital imaging using 2',7'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein acetoxymethyl ester (BCECF-AM). Vascular smooth muscle cell [Ca2+]i and contractile responses were assessed simultaneously by fura 2 methodology and by photomicroscopy in cells grown on rat tail collagen gels. Cell growth was determined by DNA and protein synthesis as measured by [3H]thymidine and [3H]leucine incorporation, respectively. The Ang II receptor subtypes (AT1 or AT2) through which Ang II mediates effects were assessed with [Sar1,Ile8]Ang II (a nonselective subtype antagonist), losartan (a selective AT1 antagonist), and PD 123319 (a selective AT2 antagonist). To determine whether tyrosine kinases influence Ang II-stimulated responses, cells were pretreated with 10(-5) mol/L tyrphostin A-23 (a specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor). Ang II increased pHi in a dose-dependent manner (pD2, 9.2+/-0.2) and significantly increased vascular smooth muscle cell contraction (30%) and [Ca2+]i (pD2, 7.4+/-0.1). Ang II (10(-7) mol/L) increased DNA ([3H]thymidine incorporation) and protein synthesis ([3H]leucine incorporation). [Sar1,Ile8]Ang II and losartan but not PD 123319 abolished Ang II-elicited responses. Tyrphostin A-23 significantly attenuated Ang II-stimulated pHi responses; it also inhibited [Ca2+]i and contractile responses and cell growth. The inactive analogue tyrphostin A-1 did not alter Ang II-stimulated actions. These results provide novel evidence for a role of tyrosine kinases in Ang II-mediated pHi responses in vascular smooth muscle cells and indicate that tyrosine kinases participate in the regulation of signal transduction associated with AT1 receptor subtype-mediated contraction and growth.
A Vehicle Mass Transit System for Greatly Improved Mobility Using the Existing Infrastructure (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents a mass transit concept based around our current road infrastructure. It discusses the design features and <b>configuration</b> necessary to satisfy the demands of our modem society. The systems costs, features, and capacity are discussed and presented relative to the Los Angeles, <b>California</b> area. The benefits to our society <b>are</b> clearly pointed <b>out</b>.</div>
Allosteric sensitivity in hemoglobin at the .alpha.-subunit N-terminus studied by hydrogen exchange (1986)

Allosteric structure change in human hemoglobin was studied by hydrogen-tritium-exchange methods. The functional labeling method used takes advantage of the change in H-exchange rate at allosterically involved sites to selectively label, with tritium, H-exchange sites that are fast in one protein state and slow in another. The position of the labeled sites can then be located by the medium-resolution fragmentation-separation method. These methods reveal 5 allosterically sensitive, H-bonded, peptide NH's within the first 12 residues of the alpha chain. All five exchange with solvent protons at similar rates in deoxyhemoglobin (T form), and all shift to a new rate, about 30-fold faster, in the liganded protein (R) form. This indicates a decrease in structural stability at the alpha-chain N-terminus in going from the T to the R form, consistent with the loss of stabilizing interactions in that segment. The results indicate a loss of perhaps 2 kcal/mol in stabilization free energy and thus document a significant role for changes at the alpha-chain N-terminus in the allosteric transition.
ATP Leakage from ELD Cells after Exposure to Stearic, Monochlorostearic, Dichlorostearic, and Oleic Acids (1993)

The capacity of stearic, monochlorostearic, dichlorostearic and oleic acids to cause membrane damage was measured as their ability to induce leakage of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from mammalian tumour cells in vitro. Chlorinated stearic acids, and oleic acid, caused ATP leakage at lower concentrations than normal stearic acid. The membrane disturbing properties are suggested to be a result of the different molecular geometries of the chlorinated stearic acids, and oleic acid, compared to non-chlorinated stearic acid.
An integration design approach in PID controller (1999)

A hybrid PID controller that combining the Ziegler-Nichols PID controller with the grey prediction PID controller is proposed. The fuzzy gain scheduler is constructed to integrate these two controllers. Different characteristics of the employed controllers have been appropriately acquired. The advantage of the proposed control architecture is that the parameters of PID controllers do not need to adapt. Furthermore, the design scheme provides an easy way to design the PID controller. The goal of the first Ziegler-Nichols PID controller is designed with fast response. Usually, it can be obtained after using the Ziegler-Nichols tuning algorithms. The second grey prediction PID controller is operated in slow response. It can be easily achieved through scheduling the system output. The fuzzy gain scheduling has been successfully applied to emulating these two controllers. Simulation results exhibit the superiority of the proposed method over the conventional ones.
Growth mechanism of cubic boron nitride thin films by ion beam assist sputter deposition (1997)

Cubic boron nitride (c-BN) thin films were successfully grown on Si(100) substrates by dual ion beam sputter deposition and the growth mechanism was studied with angle resolved in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Boron was sputter deposited by 1 keV argon ions from a boron target and simultaneously bombarded with low energy nitrogen and argon ions mixture. Through Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR) and in situ XPS experiment, the optimum conditions for the c-BN growth such as the substrate temperature, the assist ion current density and the ion energy were determined to be 460 °C, 60 μA/cm2 and 350 eV, respectively. Angle resolved in situ XPS analysis showed that the 1.2±0.2 nm surface layer of the c-BN film is always in the hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) phase, which clearly shows that c-BN phase grows by the transformation from the initially formed h-BN phase by low energy ion bombardment. Cross-sectional high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show that the BN thin films on Si has a sequential layered structure which consists of an initial amorphous BN (a-BN) layer (∼4 nm), a transitional h-BN layer (∼5 nm), and a main c-BN layer. The transformation of the h-BN to the c-BN phase and the unusual sequential layered structure were discussed in view of the compressive stress model.
Studies on the purification of wastewater from the nitrogen fertilizer industry by intensive algal cultures. I. Growth of Chlorella vulgaris in wastes. (1976)

The possibility of growth of intensive cultures of Chlorella vulgaris on industrial wastewater from nitrogen fertizer plant containing ammonia, urea and nitrate was investigated. Good growth of algae was obtained when the waste was enriched with phosphorus and inoculum contained a high number of cells. The optimal pH for the culture was 7.0--8.0. The main factor limiting growth of algae on wastes on the concentration of ammonia nitrogen. Chlorella vulgaris grows quite well in wastes containing 600 mg NH4-N/l but is inhibited at concentration about 100 mg NH4-N/l.
Two-dimensional growth of strained Ge0.85Si0.15 on Si(111) by liquid phase epitaxy (1992)

Heteroepitaxy immediate to thermodynamical equilibrium is investigated for liquid phase epitaxy of Ge0.85Si0.15 on Si(111). Below and beyond the critical thickness for strain relaxation, the GeSi layer grows in a two-dimensional mode. The critical thickness agrees well with mechanical equilibrium considerations. Strain relaxation is found to take place by the confined formation of misfit dislocations directly at the Ge0.85Si0.15/Si interface. We do not observe half-loop formation at the layer surface. The misfit dislocations (b=1/6〈112〉) form regular networks, which are buried under a structurally perfect relaxed GeSi layer virtually free of threading dislocations.