gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Methadone plasma levels in maintenance patients: the effect of dose omission. (1975)

The stability of methadone plasma levels during steady drug intake and the effects of a single dose omission on the methadone plasma level, were studied in 3 reliable patients (Group I) and in a nonselected group of 11 clinic patients (Group II). The plasma levels of methadone were determined by gas-liquid chromatography. In Group I patients receiving an average dose of 1.13 mg/kg (range 0.45-1.6 mg/kg) little day to day variation was seen: the average plasma level was 0.358 ug/ml with a variance of +/- 3.6% measured in 4 different days. Forty-eight hours after the last dose (after omission of a single dose), methadone plasma levels declined on the average by 0.179 ug/ml which represents a 50% decrease form the preomission average level. In Group II patients during the presumed steady methadone intake (average dose 1.25 mg/kg, range 0.57-1.75 mg/kg), the average plasma level of methadone was 0.377 ug/ml with a variance of 48.5% measured in 4 different days. A fall in methadone plasma levels occurred mainly after weekends in some of the Group II patients suggesting possibly nonconsumption of the prescribed dose of medication. The rapid and substantial decline of methadone plasma levels following a single dose omission is apparently a parallel to the observed rapid loss of methadone induced cross tolerance.
Ripening process in relation to temperature and sugar content in seeds of Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.) (1973)

The investigation was performed on seeds of Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.) from one and the same stand of trees in three consecutive years with samplings during 1 September-1 April. Germination capacities, relative germination rates and concomitant changes of carbohydrates during the actual ripening period were studied. The end of the ripening process during September-October has been discussed in relation to frost temperatures during the same period. It has been stressed that unfavorable temperatures during sensitive phases of the ripening process can damage the seeds' further development, and jeopardize the well-known correlation between the mean temperatures for the months June-September and the ripeness. Quantitative changes of glucose, fructose, sucrose, raffinose and stachyose were studied with gas-chromatography. For starch a colorimetric technique was used. The content of glucose and fructose evidently decreased with increasing ripeness during September-October. A concomitant new formation of sucrose, raffinose and stachyose was observed. Starch was found in all samples, irrespective of the sampling dates, with a minimum content in September and with a more irregular but similar trend of new formation. To correlate the degree of ripeness expressed in the germinability with some coincidental content of one of the carbohydrates has not been possible.
Rotatory power and other optical properties of certain liquid crystals (1951)

A group of liquid crystals, mainly derivates of cholesterol, shows remarkable optical properties, including strong rotatory power and selective reflexion of circularly polarized light in a narrow region of wave-lengths. In this paper it is shown how these properties can be explained by the assumption that the molecules are arranged in a special way, so that the electrical axes rotate screw-like. It is inessential whether this occurs in small steps or continuously. When the axes make one revolution over a thickness p, then light in a region around A=pn will be reflected (n = refractive index). The second important parameter is the value of the double refraction ~= (n~-nl)/n. From p and ~ all optical properties can be calculated. No accurate data for testing the theory are available but qualitatively the agreement is complete.
Phytoestrogens and Human Function (1997)

At the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Dr. Anderson's current research focuses on calcium and bone metabolism, as influenced by dietary intake. In human studies he is exploring the effects of calcium supplementation on total body BMC and BMD of young adult women in their early 20s in a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial; the effects of varsity sports participation and amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea on bone BMC and BMD and injuries in a four-year prospective investigation of female athletes at UNC-CH; and other issues. Experimental laboratory studies include the use of ovariectomized rat models and eternal cell lines to examine the effects of phytoestrogens. In the last decades, scientists have focused on the possibility that a group of compounds known as phytoestrogens found in plants that exhibit some of the metabolic functions normally associated with animal-derived hormones may explain the role of soy products in providing many health benefits, especially in the etiology of both cancer and heart disease. This article provides an overview of our current knowledge of food sources, consumption patterns, metabolic pathways, functions, health benefits, mechanisms of action, and practical applications of these flavonoids.
The Transcription Centre in the Sixties: Navigating in Narrow Seas (2002)

The Transciption Centre played a part in the diffusion, discussion, and even the creation of African and Caribbean Literatures during a crucial period in their development. It was set up in London in February 1962 and functioned there throughout the rest of the decade. It was funded by the Paris-based Congress for Cultural Freedom, and its offi? cial brief was to record interviews with African or Caribbean writers, artists, and intellectuals, in London or elsewhere. Recordings or transcipts of these interviews were to be made available to radio stations in Africa, the Caribbean, or anywhere else where interest in them was expressed (some went to Germany, Denmark, India, Singapore, and other countries). In practice, however, its activities under its director, Dennis Duerden, proved to be much wider than this; branching out into the making of television films, radio plays, and music recordings, or the sponsorship of art exhibitions, concerts, stage productions, and wide-ranging discussions of many contemporary topics. It became something of an informal club for all blacks artists visiting London and a power house for many of their activities. What exacdy was this Congress for Cultural Freedom, and did all these activities conform with its original intentions in setting up the Centre? To answer these questions it is necessary both to read the Centre's archives, now held at the Harry Ransome Humanities Research Center in Austin, and Frances Stonor Saunders's recent book The Cultural Cold War: The CIA
Rett syndrome: Revised diagnostic criteria and nomenclature (2010)

These revised criteria provide clarity regarding the key features required for the diagnosis of RTT and reinforce the concept that RTT is a clinical diagnosis based on distinct clinical criteria, independent of molecular findings. We recommend that these criteria and guidelines be utilized in any proposed clinical research.
Discrete-time models for digital magnetic recording. (1986)

Using a fundamental result from detection theory, this paper translates the most popular continuous-time models for digital magnetic recording into simple discrete-time models which are equivalent from an information transfer point of view, and which are closely related to the optimum performances of all commonly applied receiver types. The models take account of the head-to-medium spacing, medium thickness, playback head gap size, tape speed, transmission code and information density, and are valid for both longitudinally and perpendicularly magnetized media.
Duplicate Discovery on 2 Billion Internet Images (2013)

Duplicate image discovery, or discovering duplicate image clusters, is a challenging problem for billions of Internet images due to the lack of good distance metric which both covers the large variation within a duplicate image cluster and eliminates false alarms. After carefully investigating existing local and global features that have been widely used for large-scale image search and indexing, we propose a two-step approach that combines both local and global features: global descriptors are used to discover seed clusters with high precision, whereas local descriptors are used to grow the seeds to cover good recall. Using efficient hashing techniques for both features and the MapReduce framework, our system is able to discover about 553.8 million duplicate images from 2 billion Internet images within 13 hours on a 2, 000 core cluster.
Ammassalik 1967-1972 (1972)

Robert-Lamblin Joëlle. Ammassalik 1967-1972 . In: Journal de la Société des Américanistes. Tome 61, 1972. pp. 258-270.
Neuro-regulation of lower esophageal sphincter function as treatment for gastroesophageal refl ux disease (2008)

The junction between the esophagus and the stomach is a specialized region, composed of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and its adjacent anatomical structures, the gastric sling and crural diaphragm. Together these structures work in a coordinated manner to allow ingested food into the stomach while preventing reflux of gastric contents across the esophago-gastric junction (EGJ) into the esophagus. The same zone also permits retrograde passage of air and gastric contents into esophagus during belching and vomiting. The precise coordination required to execute such a complicated task is achieved by a finely-regulated high-pressure zone. This zone keeps the junction between esophagus and stomach continuously closed, but is still able to relax briefly via input from inhibitory neurons that are responsible for its innervation. Alterations of the structure and function of the EGJ and the LES may predispose to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Influence of Bacille Calmette-Guerin Vaccination on Size of Tuberculin Skin Test Reaction: To What Size? (2004)

Interpretation of TST reactions of <or=18 mm among BCG-vaccinated persons <40 years of age must be done with caution in areas with a low incidence of tuberculosis. In such a population, except for persons who have never been vaccinated, TST reactions of <or=18 mm are more likely to be the result of prior vaccination than infection and should not systematically lead to preventive treatment.
Stability Charts for Second-Order Dynamical Systems With Time Lag (1966)

Stability criteria for second-order dynamical systems with time lag are presented here in a simple chart form. The results cover negative as well as positive values of the parameters. These stability charts for second-order difference-differential equations are likely to serve the same purpose as the Strutt-Ince chart does for the Mathieu equation.
Degradation of Cellulose in Dilute Aqueous Solutions of Acidic Ionic Liquid 1-(1-Propylsulfonic)-3-methylimidazolium Chloride, and <i>p</i>-Toluenesulfonic Acid at Moderate Temperatures and Pressures (2011)

Dilute aqueous solutions of 1-(1-propylsulfonic)-3-methylimidazolium chloride and p-toluenesulfonic acid are shown to be better catalysts than aqueous sulfuric acid of the same H+ ion concentration for the degradation of cellulose at moderate temperatures and pressures. For example, Sigmacell cellulose (DP ≈ 450) in aqueous solutions of 1-(1-propylsulfonic)-3-methylimidazolium chloride, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and sulfuric acid of the same acid strength (0.0321 mol H+ ion/L) produced total reducing sugar (TRS) yields of 28.5%, 32.6%, and 22.0%, respectively, after heating at 170 °C for 3.0 h. In the same set of experiments, glucose yields of 22.2%, 21.0%, and 16.2% were attained in 1-(1-propylsulfonic)-3-methylimidazolium chloride, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and sulfuric acid mediums, respectively.
Fast Learning in Multi-Resolution Hierarchies (1988)

A class of fast, supervised learning algorithms is presented. They use lo-cal representations, hashing, atld multiple scales of resolution to approximate functions which are piece-wise continuous. Inspired by Albus&apos;s CMAC model, the algorithms learn orders of magnitude more rapidly than typical imple-mentations of back propagation, while often achieving comparable qualities of generalization. Furthermore, unlike most traditional function approximation methods, the algorithms are well suited for use in real time adaptive signal processing. Unlike simpler adaptive systems, such as linear predictive cod-ing, the adaptive linear combiner, and the Kalman filter, the new algorithms are capable of efficiently capturing the structure of complicated non-linear systems. As an illustration, the algorithm is applied to the prediction of a chaotic timeseries. 1
Efficient interference-aware channel allocation in multi-radio wireless mesh networks (2012)

In wireless mesh networks, mesh nodes equipped with multiple radios tuned to multiple non-overlapping channels bring high network performance. As wireless mesh networks have been deployed in the urban area, dynamic channel allocation is more challengeable because co-located wireless networks are likely to be tuned to the same channels and may interfere with communication. This paper proposes an interference-aware channel allocation algorithm considering an external interference for multi-channel multi-radio wireless mesh networks. Each mesh node uses a novel technique to estimate the usage status of all the channels within its interference range and assigns channels dynamically to radios to minimize interference within the mesh network and between the mesh network and co-located wireless networks. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm can improve the network throughput substantially compared to a channel allocation regardless of external interference.
Analysis of Range and Position Comparison Methods as a Means to Provide GPS Integrity in the User Receiver (1986)

Integrity is the ability of a system to let its users know whether the system is operating out of its specified performance limits. This paper analyzes two receiver-based methods for assuring the integrity of Global Positioning System (GPS) signals-in-space for the purpose of determining whether the methods can do the job satisfactorily. These methods are called the range comparison method and the position comparison method. Equations relating unknown satellite range errors to the quantity measured in each method are analyzed. The equations reveal important characteristics of the methods, including their mathematical equivalence. The performance of the two methods is then derived as a function of the range error magnitude of the failed satellite. Finally, numerical results for the performance of the methods are shown, both alone and in combination with monitoring of the receiver clock bias estimate. INTRODUCTION Integrity is the ability of a system to let its users know whether the s...
Caution on Antibiotics Use (1998)

Recognizing that the presence of vancomycin-resistant bacteria in orthopedic patients has been increasing, the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons has issued recommendations on the prophylactic use of antibiotics.
Use of a fluorescent redox probe for direct visualization of actively respiring bacteria (1992)

The redox dye 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) was employed for direct epifluorescent microscopic enumeration of respiring bacteria in environmental samples. Oxidized CTC is nearly colorless and is nonfluorescent; however, the compound is readily reduced via electron transport activity to fluorescent, insoluble CTC-formazan, which accumulates intracellularly. Bacteria containing CTC-formazan were visualized by epifluorescence microscopy in wet-mount preparations, on polycarbonate membrane filter surfaces, or in biofilms associated with optically opaque surfaces. Counterstaining of CTC-treated samples with the DNA-specific fluorochrome 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole allowed enumeration of active and total bacterial subpopulations within the same preparation. Municipal wastewater, groundwater, and seawater samples supplied with exogenous nutrients yielded CTC counts that were generally lower than total 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole counts but typically equal to or greater than standard heterotrophic (aerobic) plate counts. In unsupplemented water samples, CTC counts were typically lower than those obtained with the heterotrophic plate count method. Reduction of CTC by planktonic or biofilm-associated bacteria was suppressed by formaldehyde, presumably because of inhibition of electron transport activity and other metabolic processes. Because of their bright red fluorescence (emission maximum, 602 nm), actively respiring bacteria were readily distinguishable from abiotic particles and other background substances, which typically fluoresced at shorter wavelengths. The use of CTC greatly facilitated microscopic detection and enumeration of metabolically active (i.e., respiring) bacteria in environmental samples.
Proprietes physicochimiques des polyols obtenus par polyestérification des produits de glycolyse du polyéthylènetéré phtalate et syntheses de polyurethanes (1995)

Polyesterdiols suitable for the fabrication of PUR/PIR materials may be obtained by alcoholysis of PET, in particular bottles wastes, with a mixture of DEG/DPG/MEG, followed by an esterification with adipic acid and/or phtalic anhydride. The resultant polyols are consists of a mixture of free glycols and α, ωdihydroxy-polyesters built with the fragments resulting from the adipic and ortho or tere phtalic acids and from the diols (mono- and di- ethyleneglycol, dipropyleneglycol). Their properties depend strongly on their raw chemical composition, their mean molecular weight and polydispersity. Tetrabutylorthotitanate catalysed reactions are rapidly going, at 200220°C, to a system at thermodynamic equilibrium. In respect to the interchange equilibrium, the reactivity of DPG is only slightly less than the DEG's and MEG's, whereas the polycondensation equilibrium constant is sometimes higher than expected from the equireactivity concept and, thus, the higher molecular weight species are favoured. Crystallisation tendency is amplified by terephtalic groups, especially by ethyleneterephtalate groups. Long term homogeneous liquid character is only feasible by adjonction of other diacid fragments. Liquid polyols, with high aromatic content, can be attained with orthophtalic moieties introduction. Viscosity is the more sensitive physicochemical property. Viscosity is highly affected by mean polymerisation degree and by acid fragments composition. Polydispersity, that can be only changed by synthesis process modification, is also an important factor. The HCFC 141b compatibilities are generally good. Enhancement is possible by the introduction of DPG fragments. When PVC contaminated samples are glycolised, hydrochloric acid vapours are produced, but to a slight extent and, after solid impurities filtration, the chemical characteristics of the polyol are not modified. Some polyurethane foams were synthesised. The semi-rigid foams obtained are characterised by a very fine cellularity, and after 70°C ageing have a sufficient low thermal conductivity for insulation applications
Faces of ghrelin – research for the 21st century (2008)

In this issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility we find three new articles on different aspects of ghrelin, dealing with physiological and pathophysiological actions of the peptide. For the reader this is food for thoughts: Does this peptide do everything? Ghrelin is a gut peptide hormone well established to stimulate motility throughout most parts of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and appetite. Ghrelin has been linked to various GI regulatory mechanisms, the most evident being hunger, over-eating and obesity. In this setting ghrelin has been studied under physiological conditions converging on obesity as a pathophysiological process where the peptide has been employed as an interesting tool for studying the development of obesity. With a widespread distribution of ghrelin receptors on various immune cells, it has been assumed that ghrelin also possesses immunoregulatory properties, thus also being of interest in intestinal inflammation research. Anti-inflammatory effects of exogenous ghrelin have been claimed in experimental colitis in mice. Further studies on this concept using ghrelin gene knock-out mice, however, show an increased inflammatory activity in experimental colitis in wild-type mice pointing to ghrelin as an enhancer of the inflammatory course of the disease. Taken together, recent studies on ghrelin indicate that the peptide is not only a regulatory agent in pathophysiological processes, but also participates in pathological disease conditions with actions that seem to even involve genetic mechanisms.
Sekundär‐ und Tertiärstruktur von Polysacchariden in Lösungen und in Gelen (1977)

Abstract Viele Polysaccharidketten können geordnete helicale und bandartige Sekundärstrukturen annehmen. Es scheint jedoch, daß die Ketten häufig so steif und gestreckt sind, daß kooperative Wechselwirkungen, die für die Stabilität in einer Lösungsmittelumgebung nötig sind, nur zustandekommen können, wenn intercatenare und intracatenare Wechselwirkungen begünstigt sind. Deshalb finden wir üblicherweise zwei‐ oder mehrsträngige Assoziationen von Helices oder Bändern oder von Helices mit Bändern. Diese Assoziationen können als Tertiärstruktur oder höhere Strukturen aufgefaßt werden. Für eine geordnete Sekundärstruktur ist eine sich regelmäßig wiederholende Aufeinanderfolge von Zuckerresten charakteristisch. Ein Abbruch dieser Sequenz durch Einbau eines andersartigen Zuckerrestes kann zugleich mit der Sekundärstruktur die Assoziationen beenden, an denen diese beteiligt ist. Die Assoziation zu Tertiärstrukturen bewirkt die Verknüpfung nativer Polysaccharide zu dreidimensionalen Netzwerken oder Gelen – dem Zustand, in dem die Polysaccharide in der Natur für die Aufrechterhaltung der Hydratation und des Zusammenhalts biologischer Gewebe sorgen. Bei einigen Polysacchariden sind Enzyme für die biologische Kontrolle der Netzwerkeigenschaften und der Netzwerktopologie verantwortlich. Diese Enzyme modifizieren Zuckerreste auf der Stufe des Polymers und ändern dadurch die Anordnung der „unterbrechenden”︁ Zuckerreste.
Statement of Retraction (2013)

for the unintentional duplicate publication produced by the corresponding author's oversight.Upon a thorough investigation, it has been determined that the paper titled "Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Y-Doped LiNi 1/3 Mn 1
A Conceptual Model for Mystery Shopping Motivations (2010)

This study addresses the need for more research regarding mystery shopping evaluations by conducting a grounded theory analysis of the motivations of mystery shoppers, integrating quantitative survey data into the results. First, a detailed literature review provided researchers with a guideline for volunteer and employee motivations. Next, a qualitative study using information from interviews with current mystery shoppers was conducted using a 3-stage grounded theory method of analysis. The results identified 14 dimensions of mystery shopper motivations, including: enjoyment, excitement, escapism, undercover aspect, impact, personal development, learning opportunity, discretionary compensation, nondiscretionary compensation, pride, exclusivity, prestige, client benefit, and mystery shopping company benefit. Finally, a model is presented showing these motivators as variables that are influential in the motivation to perform mystery shops.