gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endosonographic Findings Useful in the Differentiation between Malignant and Benign Causes of Thickened Gallbladder Wall (2005)

Background/Aims: The early diagnosis of possible cancer in thickened gallbladder wall is very important. This study was aimed to confirm the usefulness of endoscopic ultrasonography in differential diagnosis of gallbladder cancer in thickened gallbladder wall, and to find out the findings of endoscopic ultrasonography which favor malignancy. Methods: We reviewed 67 cases of patients who underwent cholecystectomies and who also showed thickened gallbladder wall in their preoperative endoscopic ultrasonography. According to the post-surgical pathologic diagnosis, the cases were classified into malignant and benign diseases, and they were statistically compared with several findings of endoscopic ultrasonography of thickened gallbladder wall. Results: Pathologic diagnosis included 10 cancers and 57 benign diseases. The sensitivity (90%) and specificity (98%) of endoscopic ultrasonography for diagnosis of gallbladder cancer were superior to those of other techniques. Wall thickness, associations of gallstones, loss or preservation of layered structure and irregularity of inner surface of thickened wall were significant variables in the differential diagnosis between malignant and benign causes of thickened gallbladder wall (p＜0.05). Conclusions: Endoscopic ultrasonography is useful to diagnose gallbladder cancer within thickened wall. Loss of layered structure and irregular inner surface of thickened wall are independent predictive factor of gallbladder cancer.
Sustainable warehouse management (2009)

Sustainable warehouse is about integrating, balancing and managing the economic, environmental and social inputs and outputs of the warehouse operations. Sustainability is a core value to many businesses but they find it hard to implement in their current business setting especially when they use third party logistics management system like warehousing and distribution in their supply chain business network. This paper explores the application of sustainability principles in the context of warehouse storage and distribution management and introduces a sustainability model for setting up of a warehouse or transformation of an existing warehouse that provides the storage services. The model in corporates the usage of third party transportation systems for supply and distribution services.
Improvements to the variable aperture method for measuring the mode-field diameter of dispersion-shifted fibers (1989)

The variable aperture system for measuring single-mode fiber mode-field diameter is modified to provide accurate measurements of dispersion-shifted fibers. The system's numerical aperture (NA) is increased by using a spherical mirror and a large aperture wheel with 23 apertures out to 0.556 NA. Petermann's second mode-field diameter (MFD) definition is calculated with Simpson's rule numerical integration. The industrialized high-NA variable aperture method in the far field (VAMFF) system is accurate to within 1%, with a measurement standard deviation of less than 0.5%. Flexibility for measuring various fiber designs over a range of wavelengths is also a key feature. It is concluded that the industrialized high-NA VAMFF system is an excellent MFD measurement bench because of its precision, accuracy, and versatility.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bay K 8644 is a Negative Inotrope in the Presence of Arachidonic Acid but not Eicosapentaenoic Acid (1992)

The inotropic and radioligand binding characteristics of arachidonic acid (AA) and the fish oil derivative, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), were studied. AA alone was a concentration-dependent negative inotrope in isolated hamster papillary muscles. The negative inotropic effect of AA was enhanced 500-fold by the coadministration of indomethacin (cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor) and caffeic acid (lipoxygenase inhibitor). The dihydropyridine calcium channel agonist Bay K 8644 (BK) was a concentration-dependent positive inotrope. BK in the presence of AA was a concentration-dependent negative inotrope. The negative inotropic effect of BK in the presence of AA was blocked by caffeic acid but not indomethacin. EPA alone was a concentration-dependent negative inotrope. EPA had no effect on the positive inotropic effect of BK. Scatchard analyses of [3H]nitrendipine (dihydropyridine) binding to cardiac membranes in the presence of AA or EPA resulted in a decrease in the KD (-1/slope) with no effect on Bmax (x intercept). Kinetic studies further revealed that both AA and EPA enhanced the off rate of [3H]nitrendipine binding. These data suggest that both AA and EPA mediate similar direct negative inotropic effects through cardiac sarcolemmal calcium channels. A unique effect on E-C coupling by AA, not shared by EPA, is mediated through the lipoxygenase pathway (leukotrienes). AA and its eicosanoid products may play critically important roles in regulating myocardial contractility during acute and chronic myocardial ischemia. Differences between AA and EPA may contribute to the beneficial effects of dietary fish oils enriched in EPA.
Short Notices (1949)

Short Notices Get access M. McK. M. McK. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LXIV, Issue CCLII, July 1949, Pages 394–395, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LXIV.CCLII.394 Published: 01 July 1949
Myofibrillar protein turnover. Synthesis rates of myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic protein fractions in different muscles and the changes observed during postnatal development and in response to feeding and starvation (1983)

Measurement of rates of synthesis of skeletal-muscle proteins in adult rats shows that the faster overall rate of turnover in diaphragm and soleus muscles compared with several other, more glycolytic, muscles is also exhibited by the myofibrillar proteins, since the ratio of sarcoplasmic to myofibrillar protein synthesis is similar for all muscles. Further, throughout postnatal development, when the overall turnover rate falls with age, parallel changes occur for the myofibrillar proteins, as indicated by a constant ratio of sarcoplasmic to myofibrillar protein synthesis (2.06) in the steady state after overnight starvation. Only in the youngest (4 weeks old) rats is a slightly lower ratio observed (1.72). These results indicate that, when changes in the overall turnover rate of muscle proteins occur, the relative turnover of the two major protein fractions stays constant. However, measurements in the non-steady state during growth and after starvation for 4 days show that the relative synthesis rates of the two fractions change as a result of a disproportionate increase in myofibrillar protein synthesis during growth and decrease during starvation. Thus the synthesis rate of the slower-turning-over myofibrillar protein fraction is more sensitive to nutritional state than is that of the sarcoplasmic protein. It is suggested that such responses may help to maintain constant tissue composition during non-steady-state conditions of growth and atrophy.
Ion Chromatography (2010)

Abstract Ion chromatography (IC), which is an important technique within high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), is a chromatographic separation/detection strategy that is applied to the determination of inorganic and organic analyte anions and cations. The methodology consists of three main components: (i) an ion‐exchange column of varying capacity, where the separation occurs; (ii) a suppressor system, which reduces conductivity due to the mobile phase electrolyte; and (iii) a conductivity detector, which is used to detect the analyte ions. Anionic analytes are separated on an anion‐exchange column and analyte cations are separated on a cation‐exchange column. IC, which is routinely applied in water, environmental, health, and food analysis, is a rapid, sensitive, and accurate method for the trace determination of complex mixtures of analyte ions, particularly analyte anions, where no other method offers similar advantages and scope of application, especially when suppressed conductivity detection is employed. Modern IC is characterized by the use of electrolytic eluent generation, electrolytic eluent purification and suppression, and eluent recycling options. Today, the term IC defines a broader group of methodologies applicable to the separation of analyte ions and now also defines the following strategies. Nonsuppressed IC of analyte anions and cations is also possible. In addition, analyte ions can be separated with an ion interaction reagent (ion pair reagent) as a mobile phase additive and a reversed stationary‐phase column rather than an ion‐exchange column; this is often called ion interaction chromatography ( IIC ). Ion exclusion chromatography (IEC), which is a separation of weakly dissociated acid and base analytes on an anion exchanger, is also an important methodology within the field of IC. Modern IC can also be employed for the separation of ionogenic organic molecules from simple low molecular weight carboxylic acids and amines to large organic molecules such as DNA.
Cronología de la construcción europea (1998)

INCs are effective first-line treatments for AR and show significant reduction in nasal and ocular symptoms. Patients preferred the scent, aftertaste, and mist gentleness of FFNS ∼2:1 over the same sensory attributes of FPNS. Patients experienced less negative sensory characteristics with FFNS compared with MFNS, preferring FFNS to MFNS overall. Selecting an INC with favorable attributes in accordance with patient preferences could potentially improve adherence, therapeutic outcomes, and health care costs.
Flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators based on a transferred ZnO nanorod/Si micro-pillar array (2017)

Flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators (PNGs) based on a composite of ZnO nanorods (NRs) and an array of Si micro-pillars (MPs) are demonstrated by a transfer process. The flexible composite structure was fabricated by hydrothermal growth of ZnO NRs on an electrochemically etched Si MP array with various lengths followed by mechanically delaminating the Si MP arrays from the Si substrate after embedding them in a polydimethylsiloxane matrix. Because the Si MP arrays act as a supporter to connect the ZnO NRs electrically and mechanically, verified by capacitance measurement, the output voltage from the flexible PNGs increased systematically with the increased density ZnO NRs depending on the length of the Si MPs. The flexible PNGs showed 3.2 times higher output voltage with a small change in current with increasing Si MP length from 5 to 20 μm. The enhancement of the output voltage is due to the increased number of series-connected ZnO NRs and the beneficial effect of a ZnO NR/Si MP heterojunction on reducing free charge screening effects. The flexible PNGs can be attached on fingers as a wearable electrical power source or motion sensor.
An adaptive network for blind separation of independent signals (2002)

The problem of separating two or several independent signals (or independent speakers) from an array of sensors within the framework of adaptive systems is formulated. The delayed signals are modeled as a dynamic state model. The crucial aspect of this formulation is to quantify the property of independence of signals in terms of an explicit function to be optimized. Then, the derived adaptive dynamics will work to minimize (or maximize) the explicit function. The convergence of this newly derived adaptive scheme is shown. As the dynamics converge, the network will succeed in identifying the mixing and the delays in the original signals, and will reproduce the original independent signals.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Isolation of Mouse Lung Dendritic Cells (2011)

Lung dendritic cells (DC) play a fundamental role in sensing invading pathogens 1,2 as well as in the control of tolerogenic responses 3 in the respiratory tract. At least three main subsets of lung dendritic cells have been described in mice: conventional DC (cDC) 4, plasmacytoid DC (pDC) 5 and the IFN-producing killer DC (IKDC) 6,7. The cDC subset is the most prominent DC subset in the lung 8. The common marker known to identify DC subsets is CD11c, a type I transmembrane integrin (β2) that is also expressed on monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils and some B cells 9. In some tissues, using CD11c as a marker to identify mouse DC is valid, as in spleen, where most CD11c+ cells represent the cDC subset which expresses high levels of the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II). However, the lung is a more heterogeneous tissue where beside DC subsets, there is a high percentage of a distinct cell population that expresses high levels of CD11c bout low levels of MHC-II. Based on its characterization and mostly on its expression of F4/80, an splenic macrophage marker, the CD11chiMHC-IIlo lung cell population has been identified as pulmonary macrophages 10 and more recently, as a potential DC precursor 11. In contrast to mouse pDC, the study of the specific role of cDC in the pulmonary immune response has been limited due to the lack of a specific marker that could help in the isolation of these cells. Therefore, in this work, we describe a procedure to isolate highly purified mouse lung cDC. The isolation of pulmonary DC subsets represents a very useful tool to gain insights into the function of these cells in response to respiratory pathogens as well as environmental factors that can trigger the host immune response in the lung.
A pre-tRNA carrying intron features typical of Archaea is spliced in yeast (2004)

Archaeal pre-tRNAs are characterized by the presence of the bulge-helix-bulge (BHB) structure in the intron stem-and-loop region. A chimeric pre-tRNA was constructed bearing an intron of the archaeal type and the mature domain of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae suppressor SUP4 tRNA(Tyr). This pre-tRNA(ArchEuka) is correctly cleaved in several cell-free extracts and by purified splicing endonucleases. It is also cleaved and ligated in S. cerevisiae cells, providing efficient suppression of nonsense mutations in various genes.
The Linux Enterprise Cluster: Build a Highly Available Cluster with Commodity Hardware and Free Software (2005)

INTRODUCTION TO THE LINUX SERVER: - Starting the Services - Handling the Packets - Compiling the Kernel HIGH AVAILABILITY LINUX: - Synchronizing Servers with Rsync and SSH - Cloning Systems with SystemImager - Heartbeat Introduction and Theory - A Sample Heartbeat Configuration - Heartbeat Resources and Maintenance - Stonith and Ipfail CLUSTER THEORY AND PRACTICE: - The Ideal Cluster - The Linux Virtual Server Introduction and Theory - The Linux Virtual Server Network Address Translation Cluster - The Linux Virtual Server Direct Routing Cluster - LVS and Netfilter - The High Availability Cluster - The Cluster File System MAINTENANCE AND MONITORING: - Simple Network Management Protocol and Mon - Batch Job Scheduling with Ganglia - Cluster Maintenance and Operation Architecture of the Linux Enterprise A Pictography Glossary Appendices
Electrooptical Characteristics of Dipole Suspensions (1969)

The theory of a suspension of submicron dipoles in a fluid medium, and their interconection with light is given. The electrooptical characteristics in a herapathite dipole suspension, and a metal dipole suspension, is also presented.
Secondary Science Teachers' Classroom Assessment and Grading Practices. (2001)

Secondary Science Teachers' Classroom Assessment and Grading Practices This study investigated the assessment and grading practices of 213 secondary science teachers representing urban, suburban, and rural schools. Teachers indicated the extent to which they used various factors in grading students, the types of assessments used, and the cognitive level of these assessments. The results indicate a wide variation in practices. Teachers appear to conceptualize six major factors in grading students, placing greatest weight on academic performance and academic-enabling behaviors, such as effort and improvement, and much less emphasis on external benchmarks, extra credit, homework, and participation. Factor analysis for types of assessments used resulted in four components: constructed-response assessments, assessment developer, objective assessments, and major examinations. In terms of cognitive level of assessments, teachers differentiated between recall and higher-order thinking skills. However, there were few relationships among these components and grade level. With respect to ability level of the class, teachers of higher ability students tend to use types of assessments, cognitive levels of assessments, and grading criteria that mirror that encouraged by recent literature such as use of performance assessments. Teachers of low ability students, in contrast, emphasize recall knowledge and graded homework and focus less on academic achievement and higher order thinking. The results are discussed in light of other research indicating that teachers use a hodgepodge of factors when assessing and grading students.
Negotiation strategies for grid scheduling (2006)

Abstract — One of the key requirement for Grid infrastructures is the ability to share resources with nontrivial qualities of service. However, resource management in a decentralized infrastructure is a complex task as it has to cope with different policies and objectives of the different resource providers and the resource users. Recent research indicates that agreement-based resource management will solve many of these problems as it supports the reliable interaction between different providers and users. Here, negotiation is needed to create such bi-lateral agreements between Grid parties. Such negotiation processes should be automated with no or minimal human interaction, considering the potential scale of Grid systems and the amount of necessary transactions. Therefore, strategic negotiation models play an important role. In this paper, a negotiation model and learning-based negotiation strategies are proposed and examined. Simulations have been conducted to evaluate the presented system. The results demonstrate that the proposed negotiation model and the learning based negotiation strategies are suitable and effective for Grid environments. I.
Graph Neural Networks: A Review of Methods and Applications (2018)

Lots of learning tasks require dealing with graph data which contains rich relation information among elements. Modeling physics systems, learning molecular fingerprints, predicting protein interface, and classifying diseases demand a model to learn from graph inputs. In other domains such as learning from non-structural data like texts and images, reasoning on extracted structures (like the dependency trees of sentences and the scene graphs of images) is an important research topic which also needs graph reasoning models. Graph neural networks (GNNs) are neural models that capture the dependence of graphs via message passing between the nodes of graphs. In recent years, variants of GNNs such as graph convolutional network (GCN), graph attention network (GAT), graph recurrent network (GRN) have demonstrated ground-breaking performances on many deep learning tasks. In this survey, we propose a general design pipeline for GNN models and discuss the variants of each component, systematically categorize the applications, and propose four open problems for future research.
Synthesis of some New Pyrido [2,3-d] pyrimidine Derivatives and their Antibacterial Activity (1990)

Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302 004 <em>Manuscript received 13 February 1989, accepted 24 April 1990</em> Synthesis of some New Pyrido [2,3-<em>d</em>] pyrimidine Derivatives and their Antibacterial Activity
Fetal activity recognition using 3-axis accelerometer sensor (2014)

Fetal movement during pregnancy has been identified as an important index of fetal well-being. Recently, the relationship between fetal movement and the later development of baby after birth has gained attention of clinicians. This paper presents a newly developed Fetal Movement Recorder (FMR) using an accelerometer-based movement measurement device. This prototype device was developed in order to collect the initial data of fetal movement. For this purpose, a module with two point sensors was placed on the maternal abdominal wall and the data were stored in a memory card. Next, the performance of the accelerometers was tested and the potential of the device as a fetal movement monitor was identified. The preliminary results suggest that the proposed device can be an ideal choice for fetal movement measurement due to its better accuracy compared to maternal perception technique. Furthermore, this light-weight device is capable of measuring activities, ranging from gross body movements to more subtle vibrations and can be directly attached to the skin.
Simultaneous Multifracture Treatments: Fully Coupled Fluid Flow and Fracture Mechanics for Horizontal Wells (2014)

Summary Successfully creating multiple hydraulic fractures in horizontal wells is critical for unconventional gas production economically. Optimizing the stimulation of these wells will require models that can account for the simultaneous propagation of multiple, potentially nonplanar, fractures. In this paper, a novel fracture-propagation model (FPM) is described that can simulate multiple-hydraulic-fracture propagation from a horizontal wellbore. The model couples fracture deformation with fluid flow in the fractures and the horizontal wellbore. The displacement discontinuity method (DDM) is used to represent the mechanics of the fractures and their opening, including interaction effects between closely spaced fractures. Fluid flow in the fractures is determined by the lubrication theory. Frictional pressure drop in the wellbore and perforation zones is taken into account by applying Kirchoff's first and second laws. The fluid-flow rates and pressure compatibility are maintained between the wellbore and the multiple fractures with Newton's numerical method. The model generates physically realistic multiple-fracture geometries and nonplanar-fracture trajectories that are consistent with physical-laboratory results and inferences drawn from microseismic diagnostic interpretations. One can use the simulation results of the FPM for sensitivity analysis of in-situ and fracture treatment parameters for shale-gas stimulation design. They provide a physics-based complex fracture network that one can import into reservoir-simulation models for production analysis. Furthermore, the results from the model can highlight conditions under which restricted width occurs that could lead to proppant screenout.
Effects of Vagal Stimulation on Glucagon and Insulin Secretion (1974)

Electrical stimulation of the distal cut end of the vagus nerves was performed at the diaphragmatic level in anesthetized dogs to study its effects on glucagon and insulin output from the pancreas. Stimulation of the dorsal vagus nerve increased both blood flow and plasma glucagon and insulin concentrations in the cranial pancre-aticoduodenal vein, resulting in a greater aug-mentation of bihormonal output. A significant enhancement was observed in femoral arterial plasma insulin, but not in circulating plasma glucagon. Plasma glucose concentration rose gradually during stimulation. Atropinization abolished the augmentation of glucagon and insulin output seen in response to stimulation of the dorsal vagus. Stimulation of the ventral vagus nerve resulted in no statistically significant increase in blood flow, plasma hormone concentration and plasma glucose level. These results indicate that physiological activation of the vagus nerve may regulate both insulin and glucagon secretion from the pancreas islet via its dorsal trunk. (Endocrinology95: 1005, 1974)