gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic antibody-linked nanomatchmakers for therapeutic cell targeting (2014)

Stem cell transplantation is a promising strategy for therapeutic cardiac regeneration, but current therapies are limited by inefficient interaction between potentially beneficial cells (either exogenously transplanted or endogenously recruited) and the injured tissue. Here we apply targeted nanomedicine to achieve in vivo cell-mediated tissue repair, imaging and localized enrichment without cellular transplantation. Iron nanoparticles are conjugated with two types of antibodies (one against antigens on therapeutic cells and the other directed at injured cells) to produce magnetic bifunctional cell engager (MagBICE). The antibodies link the therapeutic cells to the injured cells, whereas the iron core of MagBICE enables physical enrichment and imaging. We treat acute myocardial infarction by targeting exogenous bone marrow-derived stem cells (expressing CD45) or endogenous CD34-positive cells to injured cardiomyocytes (expressing myosin light chain. Targeting can be further enhanced by magnetic attraction, leading to augmented functional benefits. MagBICE represents a generalizable platform technology for regenerative medicine.
Prevalence of<i>Giardia</i>and<i>Cryptosporidium</i>and characterization of<i>Cryptosporidium</i>spp. isolated from wildlife, human, and agricultural sources in the North Saskatchewan River Basin in Alberta, Canada (2002)

The environmental distribution of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. is dependent upon human, agricultural, and wildlife sources. The significance of each source with regard to the presence of parasites in the environment is unknown. This 2-year study examined parasite prevalence in human sewage influent, wildlife, and agricultural sources associated with the North Saskatchewan River Basin in Alberta, Canada. Fecal samples were collected from cow-calf, dairy, and hog operations in the watershed area. Sewage-treatment facilities were sampled bimonthly during the 2-year study, and wildlife scat was collected at locations along tributaries of the North Saskatchewan River. All samples were analyzed for the presence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium, using sucrose-gradient separation followed by immunofluorescent microscopy. Giardia and Cryptosporidium were detected in all three sources. The lowest prevalence of both Giardia (3.28%) and Cryptosporidium (0.94%) was found in wildlife, with 6 of 19 species testing positive. Sewage influent had the highest prevalence of Giardia (48.80%) and Cryptosporidium parvum-like oocysts (5.42%); however, the concentration of both parasites was minimal compared with the concentration detected in cattle feces. Cow-calf sources contained the highest concentration of Giardia (mean 5800/g feces, P < 0.01), and dairy sources contained the highest concentration of C. parvum-like oocysts (mean 295/g feces, P < 0.01). Although prevalence and concentration are higher in cattle feces than in sewage, the Giardia and Cryptosporidium in animal manure do not have direct access to water draining into the North Saskatchewan River. PCR-based characterization of rDNA from isolates of Cryptosporidium collected from Alberta human, pig, calf, mature steer, dog, cat, and beaver hosts revealed distinct genetic differences that may reflect host specificity.
Tetrathiapentalene type donors as promising π-electron frameworks for organic metals stable down to low temperatures (2002)

A bis-fused TTF donor, 2,5-bis(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-1,3,4,6-tetrathiapentalene (TTP) and its derivatives affords many metallic salts stable down to low temperatures. X-Ray structure analysis reveals that most TTP salts have β-type conducting sheets regardless of counter anions. On the other hand, CH-TTP and TMET-TTP have a tendency to form κ-type and θ-type salts, respectively. A vinylogous TTP, DTEDT has afforded an organic superconductor (DTEDT) 3 Au(CN) 2 , and a TTP analog containing thiopyran ring TM-TPDS has yielded the AsF 6 salt with three-dimensional molecular array.
Evidence for a role of voltage-sensitive apical K<sup>+</sup> channels in sour and salt taste transduction (1988)

The taste stimulus KCl is transduced in mudpuppy taste cells by a voltage-sensitive K+ conductance on the apical membrane. Sour taste stimuli produce depolarizing receptor potentials by blocking this conductance.
Perspectives: Direct and specific inhibition of factor Xa: an emerging therapeutic strategy for atherothrombotic disease (2014)

Atherosclerotic disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite advances in the medical treatment to acute coronary syndrome (ACS), the mortality and recurrence of ACS are still exceedingly high, thus further treatment optimization is needed. The need to reduce future cardiovascular events has led to the development of novel therapies to prevent coronary thrombosis, targeting the coagulation pathway, specifically active factor X (Xa). Several factor Xa inhibitors (rivaroxaban, apixaban, darexaban, otamixaban) have been recently developed and studied in the context of ACS. This article critically reviews the comparative mechanisms of action, the risks and benefits, together with the clinical evidence base for the use of these novel Xa inhibitors in the management of ACS patients.
Innovative research in the design and operation of large telescopes for space: Aspects of giant telescopes in space (1985)

The capability and understanding of how to finish the reflector surfaces needed for large space telescopes is discussed. The technology for making very light glass substrates for mirrors is described. Other areas of development are in wide field imaging design for very fast primaries, in data analysis and retrieval methods for astronomical images, and in methods for making large area closely packed mosaics of solid state array detectors.
The formation of context in artificial object recognition (2011)

Context plays an important role in the recognition of objects, allowing the general content of a scene to influence identification of individual parts.An autonomous learning system is presented that examines processes involved in the formation of context between multiple co-occurring objects, under the task of identifying abstract objects in a scene.Learning is performed using a form of Learning Classifier System, that builds representations of features autonomously under reinforcement.The feature identification system is used in combination with an associative network, used for finding co-occurrence relationships for establishing context.Experiments show the influence of the associative network to resolve ambiguous observations through the use of context.This approach involves the interaction of a reinforcement system, analogous to dopaminergic processes, with an associative system, based on associative Hebbian learning processes, and demonstrates the ability of a recurrent associative network for establishing context relationships.
Rationale, Experience, and Results of Long-Stem Femoral Prosthesis (1989)

A long, curved-stem, uncemented femoral component was evaluated for use in primary and revision hip arthroplasty in young patients aged 43.5 years (range, 16-60 years). The femoral component has a proximal wedge shape and a medial collar for proximal press fit and load transfer; anterior and posterior ingrowth pads; anteverted head and neck; and a long, anatomically curved intramedullary stem for distal stability. In testing the contribution of the long, curved stem to the torsional stability of uncemented prostheses by comparing it with other stems, the long, curved stem was the most stable, followed by a shorter straight stem, and a short, proximally curved stem. If the long, and a short, proximally curved stem. If the long, curved stem is incrementally shortened by 1.5-7.5 cm, the initial torsional stability is reduced in proportion to the amount of shortening. Geometrically, for a given patient, the stem-bone contact (and thus the distal stability) is increased when a larger stem is inserted. Clinically, Harris hip scores in 69 hips followed for five to seven years (average patient age, 43.5 years) improved from 52.6 to 92.0 at last follow-up evaluation. The femoral component revision rate was 2.9%, the acetabular rate was 8.9%, and bipolar revision rate was 3.1%, for a combined rate of 12%.
Fractional Shot Noise in the Kondo Regime (2006)

Transport through quantum dots in the Kondo regime obeys an effective low-temperature theory in terms of weakly interacting quasiparticles. Despite the weakness of the interaction, we find that the backscattering current and hence the shot noise are dominated by two-quasiparticle scattering. We show that the simultaneous presence of one- and two-quasiparticle scattering results in a universal average charge 5/3e as measured by shot-noise experiments. An experimental verification of our prediction would constitute a most stringent test of the low-energy theory of the Kondo effect.
Reinforcement of Polymeric Latexes by <I>In Situ</I> Polymerization (2009)

Two silicas with different particle sizes have been synthesized by the Stöber method. The particles have been functionalized with methacryloyl groups. In situ emulsion polymerization of butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate in the presence of functionalized silica particles was performed. The ratio of butyl acrylate to methyl methacrylate was varied in order to optimize the composition for improvement of tribological and thermophysical properties. The silica particles morphology and functionalization have been determined respectively by scanning electronic microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The composites were characterized also by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, microscratch testing and static light scattering. The latex reinforced with the smallest functionalized silica exhibits higher thermal stability than the non reinforced latex, along with lower penetration depth and higher residual depth in progressive load scratch testing. Thus, the resistance to penetration is increased while viscoelastic healing is hampered by silica particles.
Successful treatment of cervical esophageal obstruction using combined antegrade and retrograde dilation with an endoscopic ultrasound needle and fully covered stent (2011)

While complete esophageal obstruction is a technically challenging problem, the combined antegrade and retrograde dilation (CARD) procedure provides an endoscopic treatment option for these obstructions [1] [2] [3], and the addition of an endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) needle increases the speed and convenience of the procedure [4] [5]. Here we describe use of this technique for the successful treatment of a long cervical esophageal occlusion by using flexible endoscopes and a fully covered removable stent.
A Case Study of Latest Technologies Enables Successful Completion of ERD Exploration Project Off the Coast of Tierra del Fuego (2007)

Abstract To help satisfy the demands for petroleum products, operators are being forced to drill in increasingly challenging environments. Combine cold winters, some of the strongest winds in the world, and a very remote location in the waters off the coast of Tierra del Fuego certainly could be considered challenging. In this case study, the operator successfully constructed extended reach wells through low fracture gradients under the previously described harsh environment. Attempting to circulate long columns of cement slurry when constructing extended reach drilling (ERD) wells under these conditions stretches the limits of current technology. Nowhere else in the world has success required more preplanning and implementation of the latest technologies. Failure to achieve a seal could have a large impact on the cost of drilling these wells and the operator's ability to effectively produce the new field. In addition to the cost of the required remedial work, which is easy to quantify, additional costs can be accrued from delays in production delivery, which are harder to quantify. This paper presents case histories from Tierra del Fuego illustrating preplanning methodology, design strategies, and new technology implementations required to make this exploration project a success.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress regulates chemokine production in cystic fibrosis airway cells through STAT3 modulation (2016)

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been recognized to play an important role in chronic inflammatory diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF), and targeting ER stress may be useful for alleviating damaging neutrophilic inflammation in CF airways. Cellular models were used in conjunction with data from a recent CF genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis to determine modulators of ER stress-mediated inflammation. Surprisingly, cells undergoing ER stress during inflammatory stimulation showed reduced interleukin 8 (IL-8) and CXCL1 secretion (P < .001). Neutralization of CXCL1 and IL-8 reduced neutrophil chemotaxis >50% to supernatants from IL-1β-stimulated CF airway epithelial cells (P < .01). The clinical importance of these chemokines was validated by association of CXCL1 and IL8 polymorphisms with changes in lung disease severity in patients with CF (n = 6365; IL8, P = .001; CXCL1, P = .001), confirming that targeting these chemokine pathways could help improve lung disease. We determined that production of these chemokines was partially controlled by ER stress in a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-dependent manner, whereby ER stress inhibited STAT3 activation. Our findings support a role for CXCL1 and IL-8 in CF lung disease severity and identify STAT3 as a modulating pathway. Targeting these pathways may help improve health outcomes in CF.
Polymeric Imaging Material Based on an Acid-Catalyzed Main-Chain Cleavage Reaction (1996)

A novel polymeric imaging material containing polyacetal and photoacid generator has been designed. The polyacetal having acetals in its main chain was prepared by condensation of a monomer containing both a carbonyl and a diol group and also it was reverted to the monomer through an main chain cleavege reaction catalyzed with photogenerated acid.
TASER safety (2008)

We are members of the TASER International Scientific and Medical Advisory Board and would like to comment on the review by Nanthakumar and colleagues.[1][1] This review focused on porcine studies; it ignored the 30 papers and abstracts that have provided data on the application of electronic control
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of some oxygen-, sulfur-, and nitrogen-bridged diphosphorus tetrafluoride compounds (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNuclear magnetic resonance spectra of some oxygen-, sulfur-, and nitrogen-bridged diphosphorus tetrafluoride compoundsT. L. Charlton and R. G. CavellCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1972, 11, 7, 1583–1590Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50113a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50113a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views70Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Motor Evoked Potentials from Transcranial Stimulation of the Motor Cortex in Cats (1984)

Electrical monitoring of the motor system offers the potential for the detection of injury, the diagnosis of disease, the evaluation of treatment, and the prediction of recovery from damage. Existing evoked potentials monitor one or another sensory modality, but no generally usable motor monitor exists. We have reported a motor evoked potential using direct stimulation of the spinal cord over the motor tracts in cats and in humans. To achieve a less invasive monitor, we used transcranial stimulation over the motor cortex in the cat, thus stimulating the motor cortex. We report here the initial application of this method to humans. A plate electrode over the motor cortex on the scalp and a second electrode on the palate direct a mild current through the motor cortex which will activate the motor pathways. This signal can be recorded over the spinal cord. It can elicit contralateral peripheral nerve and electromyographic signals in the limbs or movements when the appropriate stimulation parameters are used. In clinical use to date, this has been more reliable than the somatosensory evoked potential in predicting motor function in patients where the two tests differed. It offers a number of possibilities for the development of valuable brain and spinal cord monitoring techniques, but requires further animal studies and clinical experience. Studies to date have not demonstrated adverse effects, but evaluation is continuing.
Effect of Lactose and Milk Protein on Bioavailability of Calcium Carbonate in Growing Rats. (1998)

炭酸カルシウムを, 牛乳中の主要な成分である乳糖および乳タンパク質とともに摂取した際の炭酸カルシウムの生体利用性を成長期のラットを用いて比較検討した。実験群としては, 牛乳摂取のモデルとして, カルシウムおよびタンパク質源がすべて乳由来となるように脱脂粉乳を配合した飼料群 (SM群), SM群のカルシウムの半分を炭酸カルシウムで置換した飼料群 (SM+CaCO3群), SM群のカルシウムの全部を炭酸カルシウムで置換した飼料群 (MC+CaCO3群), カルシウム源として炭酸カルシウムを用い, 乳成分をまったく含まないような飼料群 (CaCO3群) の4群とした。その結果,1) 7週齢時の見かけのカルシウム吸収率は, 乳成分を含まないCaCO3群に比べ, SM群, SM+CaCO3群, MC+CaCO3群で有意に高い値を示した。また, SM+CaCO3群, MC+CaCO3群はSM群と同等にカルシウム吸収率が高値を示した。2) 大腿骨骨密度もCaCO3群に比べ, SM群, SM+CaCO3群, MC+CaCO3群で有意に高い値を示した。以上の結果から, 炭酸カルシウムを乳成分とともに摂取することは, 牛乳中のカルシウムと同等に吸収・利用されることが示唆された。
The Chemistry of 1,2-Dithiins: Synthesis of 1,2-Dithiin and 3,6-Disubstituted 1,2-Dithiins (1994)

An efficient, generally applicable method for the synthesis of a variety of 3,6-disubstituted 1,2-dithiins has been established. The method involves the regio- and stereoselective 1,4-bis-addition of alkylthiols to 1,4-disubstituted 1,3-butadiyne at room temperature in DMF in the presence of a catalytic amount of KOH. Subsequent reductive removal of the thiol-protecting group with Li/liq NH3/THF at -78 °C followed by oxidative ring closure of the resulting dilithium dithioenolates with I2/KI provides the red-colored 1,2-dithiins.
Development of Tier-I Toxicity Assays for <I>Orius insidiosus</I> (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) for Assessing the Risk of Plant-Incorporated Protectants to Nontarget Heteropterans (2007)

A 13-d continuous dietary exposure bioassay using nymphs of the insidious flower bug, Orius insidiosus (Say) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae), was developed to assess the potential dietary effects of insecticidal substances that have little or no contact toxicity. The nymphs were fed a bee pollen diet treated with different concentrations of an inorganic stomach poison, potassium arsenate, and a cysteine protease inhibitor, E-64. The results showed that the test system was capable of detecting the dietary effects of both substances on the survival and development of O. insidiosus from the nymph to the adult stage in a dose-dependent manner. For the potassium arsenate treatments, approximately 25% of the nymphs survived and developed to the adult stage by 13 d of dietary exposure at 3.8 microg/g of diet, whereas no test nymphs survived to adulthood at or above 15 microg/g of diet. The assay time required for a 75% mortality response ranged from approximately 7 d at 30 microg/g of diet to 13 d at 3.8 microg/g of diet. For the E-64 treatments, no test insects survived to adulthood at any of the concentration tested (75-600 microg/g of diet) by 13 d of dietary exposure, and the assay time required for a 75% mortality response ranged from 5 to 11 d at dietary rates of 600 and 75 microg/g, respectively. The research presented here describes a robust test system that is useful for evaluating potential adverse effects (or toxicity) of plant-incorporated protectants on nontarget heteropteran predators such as O. insidiosus.
„α,α,α”-, „α,β,α”- und „α,α,β”-Trioxa-tris-σ-homotropon (1980)

Die drei stereoisomeren Triepoxycycloheptanone (1), die sich u. a. in Trioxonine sowie in potentiell „tris-homobenzenoide”︁ Carbenium-Ionen umwandeln lassen könnten, wurden getrennt synthetisiert: Die beiden „symmetrischen”︁ Isomere aus dem gut zugänglichen (2), das unsymmetrische Isomer aus (3).
Enhancement of the nonlinear optical properties of fluorescin doped boric-acid glass through cooling (1990)

We examine, both theoretically and experimentally, the temperature dependence of the nonlinear optical response of fluorescein doped boric-acid glass. The third-order nonlinear susceptibility is increased by an order of magnitude over its room temperature value to greater than 10 esu by cooling the sample to a temperature below 200 K.
A spectroscopic study of HCP, the phosphorus analogue of hydrocyanic acid (1969)

The ultraviolet absorption spectrum of HCP has been observed from 4100 Å to about 2350 Å, and seven electronic transitions have been identified. Three of these transitions involve excited singlet states and four of them involve excited triplet states. The symmetries, energies, and equilibrium conformations of these states are listed below:[Formula: see text]Some observations have also been made on the vibration–rotation energy levels of the ground electronic state, [Formula: see text], of HCP. The fundamental vibration frequencies (in cm −1 ) are ν 1 = 3216.9, ν 2 = 674.7, and ν 3 = 1278.4.
Origin of Catalytic Effect in the Reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> at Nanostructured TiO<sub>2</sub> Films (2014)

Electrocatalytic activity of nanostructured TiO2 films toward the reduction of CO2 is probed by depositing a nanostructured film on a glassy carbon electrode. The one-electron reduction of CO2 in acetonitrile seen at an onset potential of −0.95 V (vs NHE) is significantly lower than the one observed with a glassy carbon electrode. The electrocatalytic role of TiO2 is elucidated through spectroelectrochemistry and product analysis. Ti3+ species formed when the TiO2 film is subjected to negative potentials have been identified as active reduction sites. Binding of CO2 to catalytically active Ti3+ followed by the electron transfer facilitates the initial one-electron reduction process. Methanol was the primary product when the reduction was carried out in wet acetonitrile.
Antiviral activity of 4-benzyl pyridinone derivatives as HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors (2001)

In this overview, the antiviral properties of the Curie-pyridinone compounds, a new class of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) developed as anti-HIV agents, are described. These compounds are hybrids between hydroxyethoxymethyl-phenylthiothymine (HEPT) and Merck pyridinones. Several structure-activity relationships (SAR) studies between HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) and the Curie-pyridinones are described. The Curie-pyridinones are potent inhibitors of both HIV-1 replication in cell culture and of HIV-1 RT activity in vitro. They are specific to HIV-1 and do not inhibit the replication of HIV-2. The mechanism of inhibition is non-competitive with respect to the natural substrate dGTP. For these reasons, the Curie-pyridinones can be considered as non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 RT. Moreover, they have the unusual ability to reach the reverse transcription complex inside the extracellular virions and may therefore be useful as retrovirucides. This might lead to the design and synthesis of new drugs able to interact with the retroviral enzyme inside the viral core.