gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vivo commitment to yeast cotranscriptional splicing is sensitive to transcription elongation mutants (2006)

Spliceosome assembly in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was recently shown to occur at the site of transcription. However, evidence for cotranscriptional splicing as well as for coupling between transcription and splicing is still lacking. Using modifications of a previously published chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, we show that cotranscriptional splicing occurs approximately 1 kb after transcription of the 3' splice site (3'SS). This pathway furthermore protects most intron-containing nascent transcripts from the effects of cleavage by an intronic hammerhead ribozyme. This suggests that a high percentage of introns are recognized cotranscriptionally. This observation led us to screen a small deletion library for strains that sensitize a splicing reporter to ribozyme cleavage. Characterization of the Deltamud2 strain indicates that the early splicing factor Mud2p functions with U1 snRNP to form a cross-intron bridging complex on nascent pre-mRNA. The complex helps protect the transcript from ribozyme-mediated destruction and suggests an intron-definition event early in the spliceosome assembly process. The transcription elongation mutant strains Deltadst1 and Deltapaf1 show different cotranscriptional splicing phenotypes, suggesting that different transcription pathways differentially impact the efficiency of nascent intron definition.
Niobium Oxide-Metal Based Seals for High Temperature Applications (2006)

The present final report describes technical progress made in regards to evaluating niobium oxide/alumina as a high temperature seal material. Fabrication and characterization of specimens comprising niobium oxide and alumina composites of various compositions was performed. The goal was to identify regions where a glass formed. There were no experimental conditions where a glassy phase was unequivocally identified. However, the results led to the formation of an interesting class of fibrous composites which may have applications where high compliance and high toughness are needed. It is clear that vapor phase sintering is an active mass transport mechanism in Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} composites (Figure 1), and it may be possible to design porous materials by utilizing vapor phase sintering. The compositions evaluated in the present work are 52, 60, 73, 82 and 95 mol. % Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5} with the remainder Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}. These were chosen so that some eutectic composition was present during cooling, in an attempt to encourage glass formation. However, the presence of large, elongated crystals, both in the slow cool and the quench experiments indicates that the driving force for crystallization is very high. Several joints were formed between high purity alumina with two compositions (60 and 82 mol. %) forming the joint. These were created by grinding and polishing alumina surfaces and stacking them end-to-end with the powdered Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} material in between. Joining was accomplished in air at temperatures between 1400 C and 1450 C. The joints failed during subsequent machining for strength bars, indicating low strength. It may be possible to use the compositions evaluated here as a joint material, but it seems unlikely that a glassy phase could be produced while joining.
Advancing conjugated polymers into nanometer-scale devices (2006)

Abstract In this article, we review the possibility of combining conjugated polymers with nanometer-scale devices (nanodevices), in order to introduce the properties associated with conjugated polymers into such nanodevices. This approach envisages combining the highly topical disciplines of polymer electronics and nanoelectronics to engender a new subdirection of polymer nanoelectronics, which can serve as a tool to probe the behavior of polymer molecules at the nanometer/molecular level, and contribute to clarifying transport mechanisms in conjugated polymers. In this study, we exemplify this combination, using a family of linear and conjugated polymers, poly( p -phenylene-ethynylene)s (PPEs) with thiolacetate-functionalized end groups.
Microliter sample introduction for open tubular column supercritical fluid chromatography using a packed capillary for solute focusing (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicroliter sample introduction for open tubular column supercritical fluid chromatography using a packed capillary for solute focusingIina J. Koski, Karin E. Markides, Bruce E. Richter, and Milton L. LeeCite this: Anal. Chem. 1992, 64, 15, 1669–1675Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00039a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00039a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views54Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on Hepatic Resection (1993)

We evaluated the effect of diabetes mellitus on mortality and morbidity after elective hepatic resections. Of 209 patients who underwent hepatic resections between April 1985 and July 1990, 49 (23.4%) were diabetic. Postoperative morbidity was more common among diabetics than among nondiabetics (75.5% vs 51.3%), mainly due to hepatic decompensation (55.1% vs 36.3%) and intraperitoneal sepsis (18.4% vs 6.3%). However, their incidence of hospital death (2% vs 2.5%), mean +/- SD postoperative hospital stay (36.1 +/- 20.2 days vs 29.4 +/- 28.2 days), and long-term survival were comparable with those of nondiabetics. Diabetics with and without complications were similar in preoperative or postoperative insulin requirement, duration of diabetes, and preoperative fasting glucose. Nevertheless, all eight patients with 24-hour urinary glucose excretion above 1 g developed complications. We conclude that diabetics are at a high risk of morbidity, but not of mortality after elective hepatic resection.
Validation of microinjection methods for generating knockout mice by CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome engineering (2014)

The CRISPR/Cas system, in which the Cas9 endonuclease and a guide RNA complementary to the target are sufficient for RNA-guided cleavage of the target DNA, is a powerful new approach recently developed for targeted gene disruption in various animal models. However, there is little verification of microinjection methods for generating knockout mice using this approach. Here, we report the verification of microinjection methods of the CRISPR/Cas system. We compared three methods for injection: (1) injection of DNA into the pronucleus, (2) injection of RNA into the pronucleus, and (3) injection of RNA into the cytoplasm. We found that injection of RNA into the cytoplasm was the most efficient method in terms of the numbers of viable blastocyst stage embryos and full-term pups generated. This method also showed the best overall knockout efficiency.
Optical Absorption Length, Scattering Length, and Refractive Index of ${\rm LaBr}_{3}\!\!:\!\!{\rm Ce}^{3+}$ (2012)

Despite the large interest in the application of LaBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> :Ce <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> , little is known yet about its optical properties, as measurements are hampered by the hygroscopicity of LaBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> :Ce <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> and because it is not trivial to produce crystals with optically polished surfaces. Here, the absorption and scattering lengths as well as the refractive index of LaBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> :5%Ce <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> are determined experimentally for the first time. The refractive index is found to vary from 2.25 to 2.40 in the Ce <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> emission wavelength region depending on crystal orientation. Furthermore, a model of the Ce <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> absorption and emission probability as a function of wavelength, Ce <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> concentration, and scintillation photon traveling distance is developed. This model is used in combination with the measured absorption and scattering lengths to obtain the intrinsic emission spectrum of LaBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> :Ce <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> from measured emission spectra. Additionally, the model is used to illustrate the importance of the investigated crystal properties for scintillation detector design. It is demonstrated that for crystals with dimensions in the order of a few centimeters, the fraction of scintillation photons undergoing scattering and/or absorption before reaching the photosensor can be several tens of percents depending on the Ce <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> concentration. Finally, it is shown that self-absorption and re-emission of the scintillation photons can have a non-negligible effect on the timing resolution of LaBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> :Ce <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> scintillator detectors.
Radiant Quantities (2016)

This glossary of terms covers phenomena considered under the very wide terms photocatalysis and radiation catalysis. A clear distinction is made between phenomena related to either photochemistry and photocatalysis or radiation chemistry and radiation catalysis. The term “radiation” is used here as embracing electromagnetic radiation of all wavelengths, but in general excluding fast-moving particles. Consistent definitions are given of terms in the areas mentioned above, as well as definitions of the most important parameters used for the quantitative description of the phenomena. Terms related to the up-scaling of photocatalytic processes for industrial applications have been included. This Glossary should be used together with the Glossary of terms used in photochemistry, 3rd edition, IUPAC Recommendations 2006: (doi:10.1351/pac200779030293) as well as with the IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the “Gold Book” 2006–; doi:10.1351/goldbook), because many terms used in photocatalysis are defined in these documents.
Microwave Measurement of Magnetic Bubble Collapse and Stripout Field (1976)

The first use of magnetic resonance apparatus for measurement of the bubble collapse field, Hcol, and the bubble stripout field, Hso, is reported. A low field peak with a distinctive line shape is observed at applied fields corresponding to Hcol (increasing field sweep) or Hso (decreasing field sweep). A standard EPR apparatus with a high‐Q cavity was used at 9.52 GHz. Hcol was determined over the temperature range −50°C to 125°C and as a function of the field angle from perpendicular. These data were corroborated by vibrating sample magnetometer measurements. The ease of temperature control and the applicability to bubbles which are difficult to observe optically due to small size are attractive features of the microwave technique.
Medical implications from the crystal structure of a copper‐containing amine oxidase complexed with the antidepressant drug tranylcypromine (2004)

The X-ray crystal structure of the copper-containing quinoprotein amine oxidase from E. coli has been determined in complex with the antidepressant drug tranylcypromine to 2.4 A resolution. The drug is a racemic mix of two enantiomers, but only one is seen bound to the enzyme. The other enantiomer is not acting as a substrate for the enzyme as no catalytic activity was detected when the enzyme was initially exposed to the drug. The inhibition of human copper amine oxidases could be a source of side-effects in its use as an antidepressant to inhibit the flavin-containing monoamine oxidases in the brain.
A reconfigurable hybrid supervisory system for process control (2002)

This paper presents a reconfigurable approach to decision and control systems for complex dynamic processes. The proposed supervisory control system is a reconfigurable hybrid architecture structured into three functional levels of hierarchy, namely, execution, supervision and coordination. While the bottom execution level is constituted by either reconfigurable continuously varying or discrete event systems, the top two levels are necessarily governed by reconfigurable sets of discrete event decision and control systems. Based on the process status, the set of active control and supervisory algorithm is chosen. The reconfigurable hybrid system is briefly described along with a discussion on its implementation at the Experimental Breeder Reactor II of Argonne National Laboratory. A process control application of this hybrid system is presented and evaluated in an in-plant experiment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
NEBIVOLOL BUT NOT METOPROLOL DECREASES CENTRAL BLOOD PRESSURE AND LEFT VENTRICULAR WALL THICKNESS IN PATIENTS WITH ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION: PP.10.411 (2010)

Objective: It has been demonstrated that the vasodilating β-blocker nebivolol (NEB) significantly reduces central blood pressure (BP) compared to atenolol, despite their similar effects on peripheral BP. However, no such data has been published on metoprolol (MET), which is a more widely used cardioselective β-blocker in our region. The main aim of the present study was to compare the effects of the β-blocker NEB and MET succinate on central BP, arterial stiffness and left ventricular wall thickness in patients with essential hypertension. Methods: A total of 80 patients (41 male and 39 female) aged 30–65 years, who had never been treated for mild to moderate essential hypertension, were randomized into two treatment groups receiving either NEB 5 mg or MET succinate 50–100 mg daily for 12 months. Central BP, augmentation index (AIx) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured (Sphygmocor Px, AtCor) and echocardiographic examination was performed (Sonos 7500, Philips) at baseline and at the end of the study. Results: NEB and MET significantly reduced heart rate, brachial systolic BP and diastolic BP to the same degree. However, reduction in central systolic BP (p = 0.0006), central diastolic BP (p = 0.01) and central pulse pressure (p = 0.0025) was significant only in the NEB group. Moreover, there was a significant reduction of left ventricular posterior wall thickness (p = 0.0002) and a trend for reduction of left ventricular septal wall thickness (p = 0.06) only in the NEB group. No significant changes in AIx or PWV were detected in either treatment group. Conclusion: Our study expands earlier observations and shows that despite the similar effect of both drugs on brachial BP and arterial stiffness, NEB has a greater impact on central BP and left ventricular wall thickness than MET. Thus, β-blockers with vasodilating properties, such as NEB, may offer a clear advantage over conventional β-blockers in antihypertensive therapy.
ChemInform Abstract: Rearrangement of Alkynyl and Vinyl Carbenoids via the Rhodium(II)‐ Catalyzed Cyclization Reaction of α‐Diazo Ketones. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Vulnerabilità sociale e resilienza nella regione Lombardia. Una proposta metodologica per una nuova gestione del rischio sismico (2018)

Molteplici studi (si veda Wilkinson, 2010; Taylor Gooby & Zinn, 2006) hanno dimostrato che l’analisi e la valutazione del rischio devono tenere in considerazione innumerevoli aspetti: naturali, probabilistici, socio-culturali, politici, discorsivi. Si tratta di una costruzione sociale dinamica e contestuale, frutto di negoziazioni, interpretazioni e simbolizzazioni, tanto complessa quanto radicata nella storia culturale dei soggetti collettivi che contribuiscono a definirla (Douglas & Wildavsky, 1982). Le teorie di stampo foucaultiano (Foucault et al., 1991) ci ricordano, tuttavia, che la definizione di rischio ha carattere performativo, in quanto ha conseguenze reali e tangibili sulla strutturazione dei soggetti, o, più semplicemente, sulla percezione di sicurezza nella vita quotidiana, sulla concezione del rapporto tra uomo e ambiente, sulle modalità di gestione delle emergenze. La posta in gioco è tale che vi sono istituzioni politico-amministrative (come, ad esempio la Protezione Civile in Italia) che, in collaborazione con enti scientifici, sono preposte ad occuparsi del tema.
Distinct conformational preferences of three cyclic β‐casomorphin‐5 analogs determined using NMR spectroscopy and theoretical analysis (1996)

The conformational properties of three cyclic β‐casomorphin analogs based on the general formula H‐Tyr‐c[‐D‐Orn‐2‐Nal‐D‐Pro‐Xaa‐] (2‐Nal = 2‐naphthylalanine; Xaa = D‐Ala, Sar or NMe‐Ala) in DMSO solution were investigated using NMR spectroscopy in conjunction with molecular modeling techniques. The D‐Ala 5 ‐ and Sar 5 ‐analogs (compounds 1 and 2, respectively) are potent mixed μ‐agonist/§‐antagonists with high μ‐ and §‐opioid receptor affinities, whereas the NMe‐Ala 5 ‐analog (compound 3) is a potent μ‐agonist and a weak partial §‐agonist. Distinct conformational differences emerged for the three compounds studied. Flexibility in the bare ring structures was found to increase in the order 3<2<1. The increased structural rigidity of 3 may be responsible for its low §‐receptor affinity as compared to the two other analogs. A low fractional population of conformers containing two cis peptide bonds was found for compound 2 but not for analog 1 or 3. Initial evidence for this observation was obtained from NMR differential line‐broadening experiments and later confirmed by molecular mechanics simulations. Comparison of the temperature dependence of amide proton chemical shifts acquired for the three cyclic analogs indicate a large degree of intramolecular hydrogen bonding for 1 but not for the other two peptides. © Munksgaard 1996.
Selective Leaching of Zinc from Spent Zinc-Carbon Battery with Ammoniacal Ammonium Carbonate (2008)

This paper describes the ammoniacal ammonium carbonate leaching behavior of zinc and manganese from spent zinc-carbon batteries. For selective extraction of Zn from the spent zinc-carbon battery, leaching tests were carried out as a function of process parameters such as concentration of (NH4)2CO3, ammonia, temperature, time and pulp density. Physical methods of separation such as crushing was applied to reduce the material to 10–20 mm size followed by magnetic separation to separate iron with a recovery about 10 mass% leaving most of Zn and Mn in the non-magnetic fraction. Non-magnetic fraction was further subjected to sieving to separate 2.46 mm over and under size fractions. The oversize material was processed by eddy current separation to recover zinc sheet and carbon rods and plastics. The under size material with chemical composition of Zn 15.5 mass%, Mn 17.5 mass%, and Fe 1.4 mass% was used for leaching studies. Under the optimum leaching conditions (2.0 kmol/m3 (NH4)2CO3 and 4.0 kmol/m3 ammonia, 40°C, 100 g/L pulp density, 30 min and 250 rpm), the leaching efficiency of zinc and manganese was 80.2% and less than 0.1%, respectively, indicating the selective recovery of zinc from the spent zinc-carbon battery. An overall zinc recovery is about 88%.
LIVER, PANCREAS, AND BILIARY TRACT Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptors in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection (1995)

Background~Aims: Patients with chronic hepatitis B infection have elevated plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF) a levels. Two TNF-~ receptors have been identified, each responsible for distinct TNF-(~ activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological function of the elevated TNF-(z in chronic hepatitis B virus infection by examining the two TNF signaling pathways in the evolution of hepatitis B-related liver injury. Methods: The hepatic expression of the two TNF receptors and the corresponding serum levels of the soluble forms of both TNF receptors were determined and correlated with hepatic inflammation and virus replication in 98 chronic hepatitis B surface antigen carriers. Forty hepatitis B e antigen-positive patients were also studied prospectively, while on interferon alfa treatment, to examine the TNF receptor response during viral clearance. Results: In chronic hepatitis B virus infection, the hepatic expression and serum levels of TNF receptors, in particular 75-kilodalton TNF receptor subtype (TNF-R p75), are significantly enhanced in association with hepatic inflammation and hepatocytolysis but not with hepatitis B virus replication. During interferon alfa treatment, a significant increase of soluble TNF-R p75 always precedes the hepatitis B e antigen antibody against hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion in responders to treatment. Conclusions: In chronic active hepatitis B infection, there is an up-regulation of the TNF receptor system, preferentially the TNF-R p75 signaling pathway, which suggests that the TNF-(~/TNF receptor system has an important role in the pathogenesis of liver damage and viral clearance.