gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Counter Unmanned Aerial Systems Testing: Evaluation of VIS SWIR MWIR and LWIR passive imagers. (2017)

This report contains analysis of unmanned aerial systems as imaged by visible, short-wave infrared, mid-wave infrared, and long-wave infrared passive devices. Testing was conducted at the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) during the week of August 15, 2016. Target images in all spectral bands are shown and contrast versus background is reported. Calculations are performed to determine estimated pixels-on-target for detection and assessment levels, and the number of pixels needed to cover a hemisphere for detection or assessment at defined distances. Background clutter challenges are qualitatively discussed for different spectral bands, and low contrast scenarios are highlighted for long-wave infrared imagers.
Chromatin-bound CRM1 recruits SET-Nup214 and NPM1c onto HOX clusters causing aberrant HOX expression in leukemia cells (2019)

We previously demonstrated that CRM1, a major nuclear export factor, accumulates at <i>Hox</i> cluster regions to recruit nucleoporin-fusion protein Nup98HoxA9, resulting in robust activation of <i>Hox</i> genes (Oka et al., 2016). However, whether this phenomenon is general to other leukemogenic proteins remains unknown. Here, we show that two other leukemogenic proteins, nucleoporin-fusion SET-Nup214 and the NPM1 mutant, NPM1c, which contains a nuclear export signal (NES) at its C-terminus and is one of the most frequent mutations in acute myeloid leukemia, are recruited to the <i>HOX</i> cluster region via chromatin-bound CRM1, leading to <i>HOX</i> gene activation in human leukemia cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this mechanism is highly sensitive to a CRM1 inhibitor in leukemia cell line. Together, these findings indicate that CRM1 acts as a key molecule that connects leukemogenic proteins to aberrant <i>HOX</i> gene regulation either via nucleoporin-CRM1 interaction (for SET-Nup214) or NES-CRM1 interaction (for NPM1c).
Using A-patches to Tessellate Algebraic Curves and Surfaces (2009)

An implicit function is defined to be the zero set of a scalar function F over space. Further, for points not on the implicit function, the sign of this scalar function tells us whether the point lies inside or outside the implicit function. The choice of whether positive values are inside or outside is arbitrary, since we may multiply an implicit function by −1 and change the notion of inside and outside. An algebraic function is an implicit function that is a polynomial. The following example illustrates these ideas. Consider F (P ) = x + y − 1.
Probing d<sup>8</sup>−d<sup>8</sup> Interactions in Luminescent Mono- and Binuclear Cyclometalated Platinum(II) Complexes of 6-Phenyl-2,2‘-bipyridines (1999)

A series of luminescent mono- and binuclear cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes, namely [Pt(L1-6)Cl] (1a−6a; HL1-6 = 4-(aryl)-6-phenyl-2,2‘-bipyridine; aryl = H (1), phenyl (2), 4-chlorophenyl (3), 4-tolyl (4), 4-methoxyphenyl (5), 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl (6)), [Pt(L1)E]+ (E = py (7), PPh3 (8)), [Pt2(L1-6)2(μ-dppm)]2+ (1b−6b, dppm = bis(diphenylphosphino)methane), [Pt2(L1)2(μ-pz)]+ (9, Hpz = pyrazole), and [Pt2(L1)2(μ-dppCn)]2+ (dppCn = bis(diphenylphosphino)propane (10, n = 3) and -pentane (11, n = 5)), were synthesized in order to examine fluid- and solid-state oligomeric d8−d8 and ligand−ligand interactions. The molecular structures of 4b(ClO4)2 and 9(PF6) reveal intramolecular Pt−Pt distances of 3.245(1) and 3.612(2) Å, respectively. While minimal metal−metal communication is expected for 9, weak π−π interactions are possible. All complexes described in this work are emissive in fluid solution at room temperature. Negligible changes in emission energy are detected by incorporating different aryl substituents into the 4-position of 6-phenyl-2,2‘-bipyridine, and this indicates little electronic delocalization between them. Self-quenching of the 3MLCT emission by the mononuclear derivatives are observed in CH2Cl2 at 298 K, and a red shift in the emission energy is exhibited by complex 7 in acetonitrile at 77 K. The fluid emissions of the μ-dppm species 1b−6b at λmax 652−662 nm appear at substantially lower energies than their mononuclear counterparts and show dramatic solvatochromic effects. These emissions are ascribed to 3[dσ*, π*] excited states. In contrast, the emission of 10 and 11, bearing long bridging diphosphine ligands, are attributed to 3MLCT states of non-interacting [Pt(L1)] moieties. Significantly, the luminescence of the μ-pyrazolate complex 9 displays transitional features which are reminiscent of both 3[dσ*, π*] and 3MLCT excited states. Hence a relationship is observed between emission energy, the nature of the lowest energy excited state, and metal−metal interactions. The excited-state redox potential [E(*Pt22+/Pt2+)] of 1b has been estimated by electrochemical studies (1.61 V vs NHE) and by quenching experiments with aromatic hydrocarbons (1.63 V vs NHE).
Expression of aquaporin-5 and its regulation in skeletal muscle cells (2002)

The aquaporins constitute a family of homologous intrinsic membrane proteins that function as highly selective water channels and are highly expressed in tissues where rapid water movement across the cell membrane is required. Molecular mechanism of water transport through the plasma membrane of skeletal muscle is still not clear. This study was designed to identify aquaporin subtypes and their expression regulation in C2C12 cells, a mouse myoblastic cell line. RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis revealed that C2C12 cells express AQP5. AQP5 expression was increased by induction of C2C12 differentiation. Exposure of C2C12 cells to hypertonic solutions induced an increase in AQP5 expression and p38 kinase activation. However, a p38 kinase inhibitor failed to inhibit hyperosmolar induction of AQP5 expression in C2C12 cells. These data indicate that skeletal muscle cells express AQP5 protein and its expression is regulated by differentiation and hypertonic stress.
Presentation of antigen to suppressor cells by a dimethylbenz (a) anthracene-resistant, Ia-positive, Thy-1-negative, I-J-restricted epidermal cell. (1990)

The epidermal layer of the skin contains class II major histocompatibility (MHC)-positive antigen-presenting cells (APC), the most well characterized population being Langerhans' cells (LC). The chemical carcinogen 7,12 dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA) depletes about two-thirds of these cells from murine epidermis, and contact sensitizers applied to DMBA-treated skin induce specific immunological tolerance. This tolerance results from epidermal cells migrating to local lymph nodes within 3-6 hr after contact with antigen where they present the antigen to suppressor cells. Here we demonstrate that this epidermal cell which activates suppressor cells is a class II MHC-positive. Thy-1-negative, I-J-restricted APC. Hence at least two types of class II MHC-positive epidermal cells migrate to local lymph nodes and present antigen to lymphocytes; LC, which are sensitive to the effects of DMBA and activate helper lymphocytes, and another, which is resistant to DMBA and activates suppressor cells in an I-J-restricted manner. During the early stages of carcinogenesis any antigen present in the epidermis would be presented only by the cells which activate suppressor lymphocytes, resulting in tolerance induction. This may enable neoplastic cells to avoid the initiation of anti-tumour immunity.
Fast geodesic distance approximation using mesh decimation and front propagation (2009)

Polygon meshes are collections of vertices, edges and faces defining surfaces in a 3D environment. Computing geometric features on a polygon mesh is of major interest for various applications. Among these features, the geodesic distance is the distance between two vertices following the surface defined by the mesh. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for fast geodesic distance approximation using mesh decimation and front propagation. This algorithm is appropriated when a fast geodesic distances computation is needed and when no fine precision is required.
Direct observation of ordered crystalline organic quantum-well structures using reflection high-energy electron diffraction (1993)

We directly observe by reflection high-energy electron diffraction, the quasiepitaxial growth of crystalline organic quantum-well structures grown by the ultrahigh vacuum process of organic molecular beam deposition. We show that each of four alternating layers of two organic molecules grows in a crystalline form without sufficient strain to induce amorphous growth, regardless of significant lattice mismatch which might exist between the alternating films. Our results clearly demonstrate the ability to engineer a completely new class of van der Waals-bonded thin film materials and structures based on crystalline organic semiconductors, with applications to optoelectronics.
Avalanche punch-through erase (APTE) mode in dual-dielectric charge-storage (DDC) cells (1977)

The erase of multilayer charge-storage memory cells by a reverse-bias pulsing of source and drain with the gate and substrate grounded has been previously suggested. Here the physical mechanisms behind this erase mode are explored. It is shown that both punch-through and avalanche are necessary for its operation. This avalanche punch-through erase (APTE) succeeds by pumping majority carriers into a potential pocket at the interface, thereby raising the interface surface potential to a level high enough to allow the stored charge to tunnel out. It is found experimentally that APTE is strongly affected by the lateral leakage of carriers from the pocket. Theoretical curves are presented which show how the pocket itself is affected by the cell geometry, doping level, and pulse amplitude. It appears that APTE is particularly suitable for reprogrammable read-often memories (REPROM's) using dual-dielectric memory cells (DDC/s) with interfacial dopant. These cells allow the use of a gate inhibit voltage pulse which is shown to increase the effectiveness of the APTE, making it a practical approach for random-access REPROM integrated circuits.
Comparative Bacteriostatic and Bactericidal Activities of Cefodizime against <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> Sensu Lato (1999)

The MIC and MSC (minimum spirocheticidal concentration) and killing rate for Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of Lyme disease, were assessed for cefodizime in comparison with ceftriaxone, minocycline, azithromycin, roxithromycin, and ciprofloxacin. The range of cefodizime MICs was greater than those of azithromycin and roxithromycin but comparable to those of ceftriaxone and minocycline. The MSCs were 1 to 2 dilutions higher than the MICs of all of the tested compounds. The killing curves of cefodizime and ceftriaxone showed parallel courses. In conclusion, cefodizime exerted an activity comparable to that of ceftriaxone against B. burgdorferi.
Unexpected c-fos Gene Expression in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus of Mice Entrained to a Skeleton Photoperiod (1996)

Several authors have suggested that the transcriptional regulatory protein c-Fos might be part of the mechanism for photic entrainment of the circadian pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) to environmental light:dark cycles. This hypothesis has been based on evidence gathered using single light pulses administered acutely to animals free-running in constant darkness. In order to begin to analyze SCN c-fos gene expression in animals during steady-state entrainment to photic cycles, we exposed male BALB/c mice to a skeleton photoperiod consisting of two 1-h light pulses separating a long (14 h) and a short (8 h) dark interval. The cycle was designed so that stable entrainment could be achieved in either one of two patterns (with rhythmic locomotor activity occurring during either the long or the short dark interval); SCN c-fos mRNA levels could then be measured during entrainment to light pulses at different phases of the circadian cycle, while controlling for the duration of preceding darkness. We found that c-fos was induced equally well by a light pulse that represented ZT 12 or ZT 3. The ZT 12 pulse functioned as an entraining pulse, because animals free-ran after it was removed from the lighting regimen, whereas removing the ZT 3 pulse caused little or no phase shift of activity onset. The data confirm that the expression of SCN c-Fos is not itself sufficient to reset rhythm phase, and they indicate that the role of this gene in the mechanism of photic entrainment is not yet fully understood.
Über die Wirkungsform der p-Amino-benzoesäure als Wuchsstoff (1946)

1. Es wurde festgestellt, daß die wachstumshemmende Wirkung von p-Amino- und p-Nitro-benzolsulfonyl-l-glutaminsäure sowie von p-Nitro-benzoyl-glutaminsäure gegenüber Streptobacterium plantarum sehr gering, und zwar noch geringer ist, als diejenige der p-Amino-benzolsulfonsäure (Sulfanilsäure). 2. Entgegen dem Befund von Auhagen erwies sich die sulfonamid-antagonistisehe (Wachstums-) Wirkung der p-Amino-benzoesäure derjenigen der p-Amino-benzoyl-l-glutaminsäure als weit überlegen. Letzterer dürfte daher eine allgemeine Bedeutung als Wirkungsgruppe eines Wachstumsfaktors nicht zukommen
A Mixture Model Based Defense for Data Poisoning Attacks Against Naive\n Bayes Spam Filters (2018)

Naive Bayes spam filters are highly susceptible to data poisoning attacks.\nHere, known spam sources/blacklisted IPs exploit the fact that their received\nemails will be treated as (ground truth) labeled spam examples, and used for\nclassifier training (or re-training). The attacking source thus generates\nemails that will skew the spam model, potentially resulting in great\ndegradation in classifier accuracy. Such attacks are successful mainly because\nof the poor representation power of the naive Bayes (NB) model, with only a\nsingle (component) density to represent spam (plus a possible attack). We\npropose a defense based on the use of a mixture of NB models. We demonstrate\nthat the learned mixture almost completely isolates the attack in a second NB\ncomponent, with the original spam component essentially unchanged by the\nattack. Our approach addresses both the scenario where the classifier is being\nre-trained in light of new data and, significantly, the more challenging\nscenario where the attack is embedded in the original spam training set. Even\nfor weak attack strengths, BIC-based model order selection chooses a\ntwo-component solution, which invokes the mixture-based defense. Promising\nresults are presented on the TREC 2005 spam corpus.\n
Electrical and photoelectric characteristics of structures based on InSe and GaSe layered semiconductors irradiated with 12.5-MeV electrons (2008)

The effect of irradiation with 12.5-MeV electrons on the electrical and photoelectric parameters of layered photoconverters based on p-InSe-n-InSe and p-GaSe-n-InSe structures is studied. The observed variations in the current-voltage characteristics, photoresponse spectra, open-circuit voltage, and short-circuit current are caused by the formation of point defects. The absence of pronounced changes in the characteristics of the homojunctions and heterojunctions even after irradiation at the highest dose makes it possible to recommend these junctions for use in the fabrication of radiation-resistant photodetectors.
Transcorneal electrical stimulation for the treatment of retinitis pigmentosa: results from the TESOLAUK trial (2017)

This small open-label clinical trial showed that TES was safe and well tolerated in patients with RP. Visual function measurements at 6 months demonstrated no significant difference between the control and treated eyes. The results justify a larger clinical trial over a longer period of time in order to identify any treatment effect.
Development of the Dendritic Cell System during Mouse Ontogeny (2004)

Based on the view that the efficacy of the immune system is associated with the maturation state of the immune cells, including dendritic cells (DC), we investigated the development and functional potential of conventional DC and plasmacytoid pre-DC (p-preDC) in spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes during mouse development. Both CD11c+ DC and CD45RA+ p-preDC were detected in small numbers in the thymus as early as embryonic day 17. The ratio of DC to thymocytes reached adult levels by 1 wk, although the normal CD8alpha+ phenotype was not acquired until later. Significant, but low, numbers of DC and p-preDC were present in the spleen of day 1 newborn mice. The full complement of DC and p-preDC was not acquired until 5 wk of age. The composition of DC populations in the spleen of young mice differed significantly from that found in adult mice, with a much higher percentage (50-60% compared with 20-25%) of the CD4-CD8alpha+ DC population and a much lower percentage (10-20% compared with 50-60%) of the CD4+CD8alpha- DC population. Although the p-preDC of young mice showed a capacity to produce IFN-alpha comparable with that of adult mice, the conventional DC of young mice were less efficient than those of their adult counterparts in IL-12p70 and IFN-gamma production and in Ag presentation. These results suggest that the neonatal DC system is not fully developed, and innate immunity is the dominant form of response. The complete DC system required for adaptive immunity in the mouse is not fully developed until 5 wk of age.
Reaction of metal sulfates with molybdenum oxide, a high temperature reaction step for thermochemical cycles (1980)

The reaction of sulfates with molybdenum oxide at high temperature was studied to determine the feasibility of using these reactions in a thermochemical process for making hydrogen. The experiments were performed by heating the blended powders to temperatures of 1075 K and higher and analyzing the evolved gas for acid content. It was found that the reaction rate over the first few minutes increased with both temperature and MoO/sub 3/. The fraction of sulfate reacting in the first 5 minutes varies with cation used. At 1125 K and for a molar ratio of sulfate ion/MoO/sub 3/ of 0.5, the fraction reacted was 0.29 for BaSO/sub 4/, 0.32 for CaSO/sub 4/ and 0.82 for La/sub 2/(SO/sub 4/)/sub 3/. These results are encouraging and indicate that an alternative means to sulfuric acid drying and decomposition is feasible using a mixed sulfate/oxide system to lower the effective decomposition temperature of the insoluble sulfate.
Development of a digital compressed picture quality assessment system considering human visual perception (2000)

At present, quality assessment of image codecs is performed exclusively by subjective assessment tests. However, these assessment tests not only are extremely labor and time consuming but also have limitations in that they do not allow real-time assessment. The authors have developed an image quality assessment system to enable accurate assessment of image codecs. This system involves computing the encoding error values between the synchronized original image and the encoded/reproduced image, weighting them by visual perception characteristics, and outputting the quality assessment values in real time. The authors were able to obtain a significant improvement of assessment accuracy by performing another weighting with consideration of the observation point scattering on the screen, which was used as a visual perception characteristic, in addition to such characteristics as the visual perception sensitivity in the local spatial frequency direction, and the noise masking effect. It was confirmed by comparison with subjective assessment tests that the current assessment system allows practically problem-free quality assessment. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 31(5): 97–109, 2000
Optimisations du monopole filaire replié ULB (2009)

National audience
Méthode d'analyse d'un croisement diallèle à l'aide d'une calculatrice programmable (1982)

Note ayant pour but de faciliter l'étude d'un croisement diallèle pour les sélectionneurs ne pouvant accéder à l'outil informatique. Les calculs essentiels de l'analyse de GREFFING (Modèle I, Méthode 1) y sont présentés, accompagnés de quelques éléments d'interprétation
A Laboratory Evaluation of Wood Preservatives (1937)

Evolution of a simple laboratory technique for the assay of materials proposed for use in the preservation of wood is reported in this paper. This test involves a measurement of the actual decay resistance of the treated wood. Included are a resumé of the limitations imposed by current test-methods and a discussion of the adaptations of this new technique to the numerous variables inherent in laboratory simulations of outdoor exposure.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the First “1,2‐Diphospha[4]radialene” (1993)

Abstract 1,2‐Diphosphetane 4 , the first “1,2‐diphospha[4]radialene”, has been prepared in 83% yield by the reductive coupling reaction of 2,3‐bis(chloroisopropylphosphanyl)butadiene 3a with lithium in THF. The X‐ray crystal structure of 4 was determined, and it shows that 4 is a highly strained 1,2‐diphosphetane.
PLANAR INTEGRATED OPTICAL SWITCH WITH DIFFRACTIVE ELEMENTS (2000)

Planar-integration of free-space interconnection systems has been proposed in order to reduce alignment problems and to provide smaller, robust and monolithic component [1-5]. This approach allows compact, non-blocking and bi-directionnal optical connection. They can be divided into passive and active components. Passive links are static and cannot be modified, they just offer a path for light between two processors. On the other hand, active interconnection are dynamic and can be reconfigured by controlling switching elements.
Игровой подход к информальному образованию (2013)

We recommend that surgery be considered in a timely fashion, to utilize neuromonitoring, and that surgeons be aware of the considerable variability of the neurologic structures that will be encountered, which is described in this technical note.
3 known landmarks are enough for solving planar bearing SLAM and fully reconstruct unknown inputs (2010)

In this paper we show that for an observer moving in the plane with no other information than the measurement of relative bearing to three known landmarks, it is possible to completely reconstruct its position and velocity. In particular this applies to the case where no model of the vehicle, nor odometry or acceleration measurements are available. Furthermore, in the same hypotheses, the position of any further landmark can be reconstructed from its bearing only. These results are more general than what is currently known on nonlinear observability of the SLAM problem, which relies on known observer velocities. Our results are also more general than the 2D version of known structure-from-motion observability results, which assume unknown but constant velocities. The proposed method is used to build a nonlinear observer directly applicable to a range of problems from computer vision to autonomous visual navigation.