gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Broad-Spectrum Allosteric Inhibition of Herpesvirus Proteases (2014)

Herpesviruses rely on a homodimeric protease for viral capsid maturation. A small molecule, DD2, previously shown to disrupt dimerization of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus protease (KSHV Pr) by trapping an inactive monomeric conformation and two analogues generated through carboxylate bioisosteric replacement (compounds 2 and 3) were shown to inhibit the associated proteases of all three human herpesvirus (HHV) subfamilies (α, β, and γ). Inhibition data reveal that compound 2 has potency comparable to or better than that of DD2 against the tested proteases. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and a new application of the kinetic analysis developed by Zhang and Poorman [Zhang, Z. Y., Poorman, R. A., et al. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 15591-15594] show DD2, compound 2, and compound 3 inhibit HHV proteases by dimer disruption. All three compounds bind the dimer interface of other HHV proteases in a manner analogous to binding of DD2 to KSHV protease. The determination and analysis of cocrystal structures of both analogues with the KSHV Pr monomer verify and elaborate on the mode of binding for this chemical scaffold, explaining a newly observed critical structure-activity relationship. These results reveal a prototypical chemical scaffold for broad-spectrum allosteric inhibition of human herpesvirus proteases and an approach for the identification of small molecules that allosterically regulate protein activity by targeting protein-protein interactions.
Classification of Knowledge within the Electrical Contracting Industry: A Case Study (2006)

This paper provides electrical contractors with important information related to the future vision for the industry and how knowledge management can play a key role in a firm’s success. The methodology involved conducting nine structured and extensive interviews with experts in the electrical contracting business about trends and related best practices. These experts identified that the electrical contracting industry is becoming more complex, and that contractors must adopt more sophisticated management tools. Electrical contractors must also accelerate their adoption of information technology and actively pursue new market opportunities. A literature review on knowledge management as a best practice tool is provided, followed by a discussion of how this management tool can be used to help electrical contractors meet the challenges they face and enhance a firm’s chance of survival. The results of the interviews have been collated and placed within the proposed knowledge classification system as a case study. Research from this study can be applicable to other specialty contractors.
Novel Blood Biomarkers of Human Urinary Bladder Cancer (2006)

We have shown that the gene expression profile of circulating blood cells can distinguish bladder cancer from other types of genitourinary cancer and healthy controls and can be used to identify novel blood markers for bladder cancer.
Studies on Resonance Tube with a Secondary Resonator : (1 st reprot : Unstable Resonant Condition) (1974)

The resonance tube is a cylindrical cavity, closed at the downstream end, which is excited to oscillation by a coaxial air-jet.This paper presents the experimental and the theoretical analysis on the unstable resonant phenomenon of the resonance tube with a secondary resonator. This phenomenon is explained by determining the characteristics of the acoustic impedance on this apparatus. Considering that the resonance tube and the secondary resonator are independent of each other, their acoustic impedances are calculated. And when they are set close, the acoustic mutual inductance yields due to the acoustic coupling, and then the impedance of the resonance tube increases. The unstable resonant phenomenon is explained by the calculation of the impedance on the coupling resonators.
Inhibition of monoamine oxidase in man by furazolidone (1968)

Furazolidone (Furoxone) was found to be a potent inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in man. It produced marked supersensitivity to tyramine and amphetamine, inhibition of intestinal MAO and increased urinary excretion of tryptamine. Continued administration of furazolidone produced a cumulative inhibition of MAO to the extent that chronic therapy would be expected to carry a significant risk of hypertensive crisis. However, a brief period of furazolidone administration should be free from this hazard. A safe method of quantifying changes in pressor sensitivity to tyramine is described. There is a semilogarithmic correlation between changes in response to tyramine and monoamine oxidase activity measured biochemically.
Contact sensitization among ceramics workers (1990)

139 workers from 3 ceramics factories underwent dermatological and allergological examination, using standard and occupational patch test series, in order to evaluate the prevalence of dermatitis and contact sensitization, to identify the most important sensitizing substances in the ceramics industry, and to correlate the results with possible risk factors such as atopy. Hand dermatitis had affected 37% of the subjects examined. 27% of the workers were sensitized to 1 or more allergens. Of 52 subjects with dermatitis, 37% had allergic contact dermatitis and 63% irritant contact dermatitis. 18 subjects were found to be sensitized without showing any previous or present clinical symptoms. Atopy tended towards correlation with the overall incidence of dermatitis, though not with the prevalence of sensitization.
Do symbiotic microbes have a role in regulating plant performance and response to stress? (2008)

Vascular plants have been considered as autonomous organisms especially when their performance has been interpreted at the genome and cellular level. In reality, vascular plants provide a unique ecological niche for diverse communities of cryptic symbiotic microbes which often contribute multiple benefits, such as enhanced photosynthetic efficiency, nutrient and water use and tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress. These benefits are similar to improvements sought by plant scientists working to develop ecologically sustainable crops for food, fiber and biofuels.Native desert plants include a community of indigenous endosymbiotic fungi that are structural components with cells, tissues, cell cultures and regenerated plants. These fungi regulate plant growth and development and contribute genes and natural products that enable plants to adapt to changing environments. A method developed for transferring these endophytes from cell cultures to non-host plants promises to be a revolutionary approach for the development of novel plant germplasm and has application in the field of plant biotechnology.
Soft-Label Guided Semi-Supervised Learning for Bi-Ventricle Segmentation in Cardiac Cine MRI (2020)

Deep convolutional neural networks have been applied to medical image segmentation tasks successfully in recent years by taking advantage of a large amount of training data with golden standard annotations. However, it is difficult and expensive to obtain good-quality annotations in practice. This work aims to propose a novel semi-supervised learning framework to improve the ventricle segmentation from 2D cine MR images. Our method is efficient and effective by computing soft labels dynamically for the unlabeled data. Specifically, we obtain the soft labels, rather than hard labels, from a teacher model in every learning iteration. The uncertainty of the target label of unlabeled data is intrinsically encoded in the soft label. The soft label can be improved towards the ideal target in training. We use a separate loss to regularize the unlabeled data to produce similar probability distribution as the soft labels in each iteration. Experiments show that our method outperforms a state-of-the-art semi-supervised method.
Compilation Technique for Loop Overhead Minimization (2009)

Modern handheld embedded systems operate under stringent power and real-time constraints. These systems run highly data-dominated applications from multimedia and wireless domains. Most of these applications spend significant amount of execution time in nested-loops. In order to reduce the loop control overhead several loop controller architectures have been proposed in the past. In this paper we present a generic architecture and a compiler technique to significantly reduce the energy overhead related to execution of loop control instructions. The compiler technique not only maps the innermost loops but also maps the outer loops on to the loop controller architecture. Furthermore, we also reduce the number of division operations using induction variable analysis to improve energy efficiency. We show that by utilizing the proposed technique, it is possible to reduce the energy consumption of the branch operations using these loop controller architectures by 25% on average with no performance loss.
Familial hypercholesterolemia: bridging and minding the gap in healthcare (2013)

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is the most common dominantly inherited disorder. It is characterized by high plasma low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels and a strong risk of premature coronary heart disease. The prevalence of FH is estimated to be 1:500, with an estimated 20 million people worldwide. However, most countries do not have a formal screening or family tracing initiative to adequately detect and treat cases in the community. Guidelines, models of care and health economic evaluations have been published, but FH screening programs still need to be effectively implemented in most countries. Hence, the condition is underdiagnosed and undertreated worldwide. Several new pharmacotherapies to lower plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol are currently underway in clinical trial phases. This chapter aims to provide a brief overview of FH, with an emphasis on evidence for treatment and how to close the large gaps in healthcare.
SXLS phase II vacuum system (2002)

The Phase II design of the Superconducting X-ray Lithography Source (SXLS) consists of replacing the two room-temperature 180 degrees C dipole magnets of Phase I with superconducting magnets. However, even though superconducting magnets are used, the vacuum chambers within them will operate at room temperature. The chambers are constructed as weldments and are made of INCONEL-625. They are bakeable to 150 degrees C in situ and incorporate nine photon beam ports. Each has built-in distributed sputter-ion pumps, (DIP), nonevaporable getter pumps, beam position monitors, and ion clearing electrodes. R&D is underway to optimize the DIP, which must operate at 3.86 T, and to develop a low photo yield coating or treatment for the internal surface of the chambers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Metabolism of Pyridine Coenzymes in Microorganisms (1969)

NADP was enzymatically synthesized from NAD and p-nitrophenyl phosphate or nucleoside monophosphate with the enzyme preparation of Proteus mirabilis (IFO 3849). In this phosphotransferring reaction, ATP did not serve as phosphoryl donor. In addition to NADP, an unidentified substance (Compound I) showing fluorescence with methyl ethyl ketone and having no coenzyme activity to glutamic dehydrogenase was synthesized. The yield of NADP was usually below 30per cent of Compound I. NADP was isolated from the reaction mixture and its coenzyme activity to some dehydrogenases was demonstrated.
Imaging modes in confocal scanning light microscopy (CSLM) (1979)

SUMMARY The optical arrangement for confocal scanning light microscopy can be incorporated in various imaging modes. Light microscopical specimens can be imaged with contrast enhanced, under γ‐control, inverted, etc. In interference, conditions can be set such that either pure phase or pure amplitude images result. Stereoscopic images at arbitrary aspect ratios can be realized in CSLM by electronic processing of the data obtained when the specimen is sampled with more than one confocal point concurrently. Also forms of differential imaging either amplitude or phase are possible. The coupling of these imaging modes with the improved resolving powers of CSLM results in some unique imaging opportunities, especially of value for high resolution light microscopy of living specimens.
[Tendon vibrations as a tool for clinical investigation of the myotatic loop]. (1990)

The degree of alteration of the myotatic loop was evaluated in 6 patients with polyradiculoneuropathy by studying deep reflexes and vibratory motor responses. The results showed that the reflex motor responses induced by vibration reappeared 2 to 4 weeks before the deep reflexes. Vibrations, therefore, could be a useful tool for the clinical follow-up of polyradiculoneuropathy.
Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (2009)

In September 2008, the Board of Directors of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons approved a clinical practice guideline on the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome. This guideline was subsequently endorsed by the American Association of Neurological Surgeons and the Congress of Neurological Surgeons. The guideline makes nine specific recommendations: A course of nonsurgical treatment is an option in patients diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome. Early surgery is an option with clinical evidence of median nerve denervation or when the patient so elects. Another nonsurgical treatment or surgery is suggested when the current treatment fails to resolve symptoms within 2 to 7 weeks. Sufficient evidence is not available to provide specific treatment recommendations for carpal tunnel syndrome associated with such conditions as diabetes mellitus and coexistent cervical radiculopathy. Local steroid injection or splinting is suggested before considering surgery. Oral steroids or ultrasound are options. Carpal tunnel release is recommended as treatment. Heat therapy is not among the options to be used. Surgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome by complete division of the flexor retinaculum is recommended. Routine use of skin nerve preservation and epineurotomy is not suggested when carpal tunnel release is performed. Prescribing preoperative antibiotics for carpal tunnel surgery is an option. It is suggested that the wrist not be immobilized postoperatively after routine carpal tunnel surgery. It is suggested that instruments such as the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire be used to assess patient responses to carpal tunnel syndrome treatment for research.
Characterization of Poly(methyl methacrylate)-tin (IV) Chloride Blend by TG-DTG-DTA, IR and Pyrolysis-GC-MS Techniques (2011)

Thermal behavior of poly (methyl methacrylate) was analyzed in the presence of tin (IV) chloride. Five different proportions - polymer to additive - were selected for casting films from common solvent. TG, DTG and DTA were employed to monitor thermal degradation of the systems. IR and py-GC-MS helped identify the decomposition products. The blends start degrading at a temperature lower than that of the neat polymer and higher than that of the pure additive. Complex formation between tin of additive and carbonyl oxygen (pendent groups of MMA units) was noticed in the films soon after the mixing of the components in the blends. The samples were also heated at three different temperatures to determine the composition of residues left after the expulsion of volatiles. The polymer, blends and additive exhibited a one step, two-step and three-step degradation, respectively. <TEX>$T_0$</TEX> is highest for the polymer, lowest for the additive and is either <TEX>$60^{\circ}C$</TEX> or <TEX>$70^{\circ}C$</TEX> for the blends. The amount of residue increases down the series [moving from blend-1 (minimum additive concentration) to blend-5 (maximum additive concentration)]. For blend-1, it is 7% of the original mass whereas it is 16% for blend-5. <TEX>$T_{max}$</TEX> also goes up as the concentration of additive in the blends is elevated. The complexation appears to be the cause of observed stabilization. Some new products of degradation were noted apart from those reported earlier. These included methanol, isobutyric acid, acid chloride, etc. Molecular-level mixing of the constituents and "positioning effect" of the additive may have brought about the formation of new compounds. Routes are proposed for the appearance of these substances. Horizontal burning tests were also conducted on polymer and blends and the results are discussed. Activation energies and reaction orders were calculated. Activation energy is highest for the polymer, i.e., 138.9 Kcal/mol while the range for blends is from 51 to 39 Kcal/mol. Stability zones are highlighted for the blends. The interaction between the blended parts seems to be chemical in nature.
<title>Diffuse reflection from smooth dielectric surfaces</title> (1993)

One of the most common assumptions for recovering object features in computer vision and rendering objects in computer graphics is that the radiance distribution of diffuse reflection from materials is Lambertian. We propose a reflectance model for diffuse reflection from smooth inhomogeneous dielectric surfaces that is empirically shown to be significantly more accurate than the Lambertian model. The resulting reflected diffuse radiance distribution has a simple mathematical form. The proposed model for diffuse reflection utilizes results of radiative transfer theory for subsurface multiple scattering. For an optically smooth surface boundary this subsurface intensity distribution becomes altered by Fresnel attenuation and Snell refraction making it become significantly non-Lambertian. The reflectance model derived in this paper accurately predicts the dependence of diffuse reflection from smooth dielectric surfaces on viewing angle, always falling off to zero as viewing approaches grazing. This model also accurately shows that diffuse reflection falls off faster than predicted by Lambert's law as a function of angle of incidence, particularly as angle of incidence approaches close to 90 degree(s). We present diffuse reflection effects near occluding contours of dielectric objects that are strikingly deviant from Lambertian behavior, and yet are precisely explained by our diffuse reflection model. An additional feature of our diffuse reflection model is that is predicts the diffuse albedo purely in terms of the physical parameters of a smooth dielectric surface, allowing rigorous derivation of the relative brightness of specular and diffuse reflection.
PEATGAS process development status (1986)

Since 1976, IGT has conducted over 200 peat-gasification tests in both laboratory- and process-development-unit (PDU)-scale equipment. The encouraging results demonstrate that on the basis of chemistry and kinetics, peat is an excellent raw material for the production of SNG. Based on a peat-gasification kinetic model developed from the laboratory and PDU data, cost estimates for commercial operation show that the conversion of peat to SNG by the PEATGAS process is competitive with other alternative SNG sources. If the results of a 19-month, $4 million feasibility study funded by the US Department of Energy are favorable, Minnesota Gas Co. plans to participate in the construction and operation of an 80 million SCF/day industrial plant for making SNG from peat.
Feasibility examination of isolated zonal thrombolysis using Raman spectroscopy (2015)

Intravenous thrombolysis for the treatment of ischemic stroke requires long treatment time and high drug dosage which increases the risk of hemorrhage. Localized zonal dosage of urokinase between 100 - 500 International Units (IU), i.e., less than 5% of typical systemic dosage (60,000 - 120,000 IU) at the thrombus can shorten the treatment time to less than 30 minutes while reducing the risk of hemorrhage. The effect of zonal-delivered urokinase on the molecular changes in a 100 μm thick by 20 mm diameter blood clot was quantified using Raman spectroscopy. In situ Raman spectra showed that the fibrin concentration in the clot decreased with time. The results verified that a zonal-delivered urokinase can dissolve the clot and reduce the treatment time. Further trials on animals will be conducted to examine the potential of zonal-delivery to accelerate clot dissolution for ischemic stroke while minimizing the risk of hemorrhage.
Oxygen concentration effect on<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>T</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>c</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>of the Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O superconductor (1989)

The ${T}_{c}$ of ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}$-Ca-${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}$-${\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}$-${\mathrm{O}}_{8\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$ can be shifted reversibly over a rangel of at least 15 K by changing the oxygen concentration. ${T}_{c}$ shifts downward for increased oxygen content. This is opposite to the shift seen in ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ and may be caused by reduction in the Fermi level reducing conductivity in the Bi-O layers. Oxygen concentration is varied by treatment in ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ at appropriate pressures. The highest ${T}_{c}$=78.5 K of the ``80-K'' phase is obtained by treating at 600 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C in ${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$-bar oxygen. ${T}_{c}$ shifts down to 65.4 K after treatment at 137 bars. The transitions remain sharp, with no evidence of significant structural change by x-ray powder diffraction. The original ${T}_{c}$ is restored upon retreatment in ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ at low partial pressure. The 110-K phase showed a much smaller shift (\ensuremath{\Delta}${T}_{c}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}4 K) after treatment in ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ at 134 bar.
Sulfoximine Version of Double Elimination Protocol for Synthesis of Chiral Acetylenic Cyclophanes. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Visibility and Aerosol Size Frequency Distribution (1967)

The visual quality of the atmosphere in terms of the meteorological range has become a frequently used working standard in aviation and air pollution. Calculations of the meteorological range based on measured size frequency distribution of aerosols in the atmosphere are compared with visibility observations and discussed with regard to existing weather conditions. The results show the existence of strong inhomogeneities in the aerosol content of air and indicate the necessity for objective means in order to quantitatively evaluate the visual quality of the atmosphere. It follows from the calculations that changes in refractive index and wavelength within their limiting values have little influence on the total extinction of any size distribution.
Estimation of the refractive indices of imidazolium-based ionic liquids using their polarisability values (2013)

Statistical models have been used to estimate the refractive index of 72 imidazolium-based ionic liquids using the electronic polarisability of their ions as the data for two different mathematical approaches: artificial neural networks, in the form of multi-layer perceptrons, and multiple linear regression models. Although the artificial neural networks and linear models have been able to accomplish this task, the multi-layer perceptron model has been shown to be a more accurate method, thanks to its ability of determining non-linear relationships between different dependent variables. Additionally, it is clear that the multiple linear regression presents a systematic deviation in the estimated refractive index values, which confirms that it is an inappropriate model for this system.