gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Pyrolytic Carbon Film Electrode with the Wax-Impregnated Graphite Electrode. (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComparison of the Pyrolytic Carbon Film Electrode with the Wax-Impregnated Graphite Electrode.A. L. Beilby, Walter. Brooks, and G. L. LawrenceCite this: Anal. Chem. 1964, 36, 1, 22–26Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1964https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60207a012RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views143Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Amphiphilic Graft Copolymers as a Versatile Binder for Various Electrodes of High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries (2016)

It is known that grafting one polymer onto another polymer backbone is a powerful strategy capable of combining dual benefits from each parent polymer. Thus amphiphilic graft copolymer precursors (poly(vinylidene difluoride)-graft-poly(tert-butylacrylate) (PVDF-g-PtBA)) have been developed via atom transfer radical polymerization, and demonstrated its outstanding properties as a promising binder for high-performance lithium-ion battery (LIB) by using in situ pyrolytic transformation of PtBA to poly(acrylic acid) segments. In addition to its superior mechanical properties and accommodation capability of volume expansion, the Si anode with PVDF-g-PtBA exhibits the excellent charge and discharge capacities of 2672 and 2958 mAh g(-1) with the capacity retention of 84% after 50 cycles. More meaningfully, the graft copolymer binder shows good operating characteristics in both LiN0.5 M1.5 O4 cathode and neural graphite anode, respectively. By containing such diverse features, a graft copolymer-loaded LiN0.5 M1.5 O4 /Si-NG full cell has been successfully achieved, which delivers energy density as high as 546 Wh kg(-1) with cycle retention of ≈70% after 50 cycles (1 C). For the first time, this work sheds new light on the unique nature of the graft copolymer binders in LIB application, which will provide a practical solution for volume expansion and low efficiency problems, leading to a high-energy-density lithium-ion chemistry.
Calculations on the efficiency of optical pumping of a cesium atomic beam of lasers of finite linewidth (2003)

The development of rate equations with coherence in which the effects of laser spectrum wings and linewidth are included is discussed. The optical pumping efficiencies are evaluated in the cesium ground state hyperfine levels when two lasers pumping schemes are used under different conditions of polarization, tuning, laser linewidth, and power densities. It is also found that the effect of coherence is important when one laser is sigma polarized in the two-laser optical pumping schemes. Thus it is preferable to avoid sigma polarization in order to have a better optical pumping efficiency.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Virtual Java devices. Integration of fieldbus based systems in the Internet (2002)

The authors introduce the concept of virtual Java devices to integrate fieldbus-based control systems on the Internet/Intranet. As a result, fieldbus systems are opened up for remote monitoring, remote maintenance and remote control applications using state-of-the-art Web technology. A virtual Java device reflects the behaviour of a single fieldbus node or even an aggregation of fieldbus nodes which build a system unit. Implementations of virtual Java devices are embedded in a modern middleware system that provides an infrastructure for the development of distributed systems with almost no additional programming effort on communication aspects. Their work is based on experiences with virtual Java device implementations for a fieldbus-based production cell which allow remote access for control applications and Web-based Java clients.
Juncture flow control using leading-edge fillets (1985)

Flow measurements have been made in the wake region of a simulated wing-fuselage juncture, with and without leading-edge fillets, in order to assess the effect of leading-edge modifications on the flow field around the juncture. Preliminary results indicate that there is some reduction in juncture drag at moderate angles of attack with the use of leading-edge fillets. There is also evidence of improvement in the flow characteristics on the surface downstream of the juncture when fillets are used. As the fillet size is increased, flow characteristics start deteriorating at some point, and an optimum fillet size may be required to achieve an overall improvement in the flow field.
The Critical Role of Phosphate in Vanadium Phosphate Oxide for the Catalytic Activation and Functionalization of <i>n</i>-Butane to Maleic Anhydride (2013)

We used density functional theory to study the mechanism of n-butane oxidation to maleic anhydride on the vanadium phosphorus oxide (VPO) surface. We found that O(1)═P on the V(V)OPO4 surface is the active center for initiating the VPO chemistry through extraction of H from alkane C-H bonds. This contrasts sharply with previous suggestions that the active center is either the V-O bonds or else a chemisorbed O2 on the (V(IV)O)2P2O7 surface. The ability of O(1)═P to cleave alkane C-H bonds is due to its strong basicity coupled with large reduction potentials of nearby V(V) ions. We examined several pathways for the subsequent functionalization of n-butane to maleic anhydride and found that the overall barrier does not exceed 21.7 kcal/mol.
Characteristics of Olfactory Epithelium and Manipulations of Neural Functions in the Brain by the Intranasal Administration (2012)

Olfactory cells receive numerous odorants including toxic substances. To avoid complete loss of the olfactory function by toxic odorants, continuous neurogenesis of olfactory cells occurs even at adulthood. Newly generated olfactory neurons extend their axons to the olfactory bulb. Various molecules including polypeptides, proteins, polynucleotides, virus, and cells administrated intranasally have been reported to move from the olfactory epithelium to the brain tissue via the olfactory epithelium-olfactory bulb pathway. I discuss the pathway of substances intranasally administrated to the brain from the view point of characteristics of the olfactory epithelium.
Mechanistic study of the ring-size modulation in Michael–Dieckmann type reactions of 2-acylaminoacrylates with ketene diethyl acetal (2007)

An unexpected modulation of the chemoselectivity in the Michael–Dieckmann type reactions of 2-acylaminoacrylates with ketene diethyl acetal is observed, depending on the nature of the acylamino group. Experimental and theoretical studies are presented to offer insights into the origin of this substituent effect in terms of a polar stepwise mechanism.
Dairy Management Analysis Project (1974)

This archival publication may not reflect current scientific knowledge or recommendations. Current information available from the University of Minnesota Extension: https://www.extension.umn.edu.
Crosslinking of HDPE during reactive extrusion: Rheology, thermal, and mechanical properties (1993)

Abstract The effect of peroxide and coagent, alone and together, on the crosslinking of HDPE during melt extrusion was studied. The melt flow index decreased rapidly with peroxide (1,3‐bis ( t ‐butylperoxy‐isopropyl) benzene), and smoothly with trimethylolpropanetriacrylate (TMPTA), but showed a small increase with parabenzoquinone (PBQ). Melt viscosity of 0.3 phr peroxide‐treated PE responded elastically, whereas that of 0.3 phr TMPTA showed yield behavior. T m (crystalline melting temperature) and T c (crystallization temperature) increased with peroxide, T m decreased, and T c increased with TMPTA. Δ H f (heat of fusion) increased at 0.05 phr followed by a sharp drop, more with peroxide and less with TMPTA. Hardness and preyield properties increased with TMPTA, and peroxide (except hardness) with the loss of elongation at break. The most significant improvement was obtained with impact strength, over 5 times with peroxide and 7 times with TMPTA. When the TMPTA was used in combination with peroxide, more redution in MI, followed by a further increase of hardness, modulus, and strength, was obtained, but impact strength was decreased below that of TMPTA alone. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Hydraulic Method for Locating Oil Leaks in Underground Cables (1970)

The development and use of a hydraulic method for locating oil leaks in underground cables is described. The method is applicable at cable terminals, and its overall accuracy in determining the distance to the leak is estimated to be within ±2 percent of the cable length between reservoirs or between a reservior and the nearest stop joint.
Latest Development on RNA-Based Drugs and Vaccines (2018)

Drugs and vaccines based on mRNA and RNA viruses show great potential and direct translation in the cytoplasm eliminates chromosomal integration. Limitations are associated with delivery and stability issues related to RNA degradation. Clinical trials on RNA-based drugs have been conducted in various disease areas. Likewise, RNA-based vaccines for viral infections and various cancers have been subjected to preclinical and clinical studies. RNA delivery and stability improvements include RNA structure modifications, targeting dendritic cells and employing self-amplifying RNA. Single-stranded RNA viruses possess self-amplifying RNA, which can provide extreme RNA replication in the cytoplasm to support RNA-based drug and vaccine development. Although oligonucleotide-based approaches have demonstrated potential, the focus here is on mRNA- and RNA virus-based methods.
In vitro evaluation of cumulative release of valproic acid and vitamin E from hexadecanol microspheres. Part 2: Antiepileptic agents. (1993)

Hexadecanol microspheres were investigated as a vehicle for the controlled release of valproic acid. Microsphere of the antiepileptic agent were prepared by the meltable dispersion method in water using wetting agents. To prevent hepatotoxicity, microspheres containing both the drug and vitamin E were also prepared. The method in simple, inexpensive, rapid and reproducible. The drug release was evaluated in vitro. Kinetic results were analyzed to distinguish between the first-order release model and the square root of time relationship. More than 99% of the isolated microspheres were particle size range 200-710 microns. The average drug content was 24%. Drug bioavailability was greatly affected as a result of microspheres formation.
Microbial biodegradation of 4-chlorobiphenyl, a model compound of chlorinated biphenyls (1984)

The biodegradation products of 4-chlorobiphenyl were analyzed in an Achromobacter sp. strain and a Bacillus brevis strain. Both strains generated the same metabolites, with 4-chlorobenzoic acid as the major metabolic product. Our results corroborate previous observations whereby most bacterial strains degrade the chlorobiphenyls via a major pathway which proceeds by an hydroxylation in position 2,3 and a meta-1,2 fission. However, we also detected several metabolites whose structure suggests the existence of other routes for the degradation of chlorinated biphenyls.
BIPOLAR JEWELERS FORCEPS WITH AUTOMATIC IRRIGATION, FOR COAGULATION IN MICROSURGERY (1975)

Department of Neurological Surgery of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, and the Oakland VA Hospital Pittsburgh, Pa.
Putting the AR in (AR)chitecture - Integrating voice recognition and gesture control for Augmented Reality interaction to enhance design practice (2019)

The architectural design process involves the development of spatial explorable 3D models, but the computer screen is main medium to communicate information to clients. Yet, Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) are the closest way to replicate our world, create new ones and interact within them. AR and VR headsets offer different ways to allow multiple stakeholders to effectively immerse themselves in 3D representations of design projects. But, to interact within these spaces and to perform design modifications, the development of new workflows is required. This research presents a new method where AR is used to visualize and edit project models using both voice recognition and hand-gestures software. While numerous projects are addressing software interoperability issues, user-interaction in an AR space remains a developing area of crucial relevance in research. Although hand-gestures are the usual form of model-state control employed in such systems, voice-control is emerging as a highly desirable and everyday form of human-computer interaction. This paper presents a plugin for the Hololens that allows the user to use voice and hand gestures to enhance the ability to work with 3D models and discusses and evaluates the project.
The Magnus or Robins effect on rotating spheres (1971)

Robins showed in 1742 that a transverse aerodynamic force on a rotating sphere could be detected by suspending it as a pendulum. Differences of periodic time in conical pendulum motion with spin and orbit parallel and opposed have been found to give a reasonably accurate measure of the lift coefficient, and the results shown extend knowledge of the effect down to a Reynolds number of 2 × 10 3 and up to a ratio of 12 between the peripheral and translational velocities.
973. Targeting of CCR5 through Intrabody Mediated HIV-1 Vector Gene Delivery Is Sufficient for Blocking HIV-1-Infection and Confers a T-Cell Survival and Growth Advantage (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
With the emergence of HAART resistant HIV-1s, there is a need for additional therapies to preserve T-effector cells and reduce viral burden. Moreover, since it may be impossible to protect all susceptible cells in an individual through gene delivery, it is therefore necessary to develop and verify that genetic means of protection against HIV-1 provides a cellular survival and growth advantage. To this purpose we have developed single chain antibodies to CCR5 which targets protein. Efficacy of HIV-1 protection and enrichment was assessed by free viral and HIV-1 loaded dendritic cell challenge. HIV-1 vector delivery of CCR5-intrabody (termed the CAD-R5 vector), coupled to a KDEL endoplasmic retention sequence, to primary CD4 T-cells efficiently disrupted CCR5 cell surface expression 4-fold as determined by mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) as compared to a control vector without the intrabody, 8 and 34 MFI, respectfully. CAD-R5 transduced primary CD4 T-cells were resistant to robust, free, R5-tropic SF162 challenges as shown by 50 to 60-fold reductions in HIV-1 p24 concentrations. Moreover, CCR5-intrabody gene expressing CD4 T-cells, as compared to cells with a control vector, demonstrated a selective advantage and enriched from 2-10-fold in dendritic cell cultures. Similar levels of HIV-1 protection were seen in CD34 cell derived macrophages; 3-weeks after challenge with SF162, macrophages expressing CCR5-intrabody generated 42-, 57-, and 52-fold less p24 as compared to parental and control vector containing macrophages. Thus, CCR5 intrabody expression drastically decreased viral loads in CD4 T-cells and macrophages.

To assess hematopoietic developmental alterations from CCR5-intrabody expression, CD34 cells were transduced and colony forming (CFU) and macrophage assays were performed. No differences were seen in numbers/types of macrophages or CFUs produced when comparing parental, control vector, and intrabody expressing cells (n=3). To assess in vivo correlates of hematopoietic function and intrabody-mediated protection, CAD-R5 and control vector transduced, fetal liver derived CD34 cells were engrafted in human thymi implants in SCID-hu thy/liv mice (n = 2, 2 groups), 6-weeks later the thymi displayed an average of 25% reporter gene expressing T-cells, similar to controls. Development was not altered as compared to controls as determined by CD4/CD8 profile. Furthermore, CCR5-intrabody expressing thymocytes were also highly resistant to ex vivo R5-tropic HIV-1 challenge. These results validate the efficacy of HIV-1 delivered CCR5-intrabody mediated protection from HIV-1 challenges in primary T-cells and macrophages and, importantly, demonstrates a survival and growth advantage of protected CD4 T-cells. The findings underscore the potential advantage of intrabody gene delivery to CD34 cells, which allows differentiation of protected T-cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells.
Review Clinical review: Independent lung ventilation in critical care (2005)

Independent lung ventilation (ILV) can be classified into anatomical and physiological lung separation. It requires either endobronchial blockade or double-lumen endotracheal tube intubation. Endobronchial blockade or selective double-lumen tube ventilation may necessitate temporary one lung ventilation. Anatomical lung separation isolates a diseased lung from contaminating the nondiseased lung. Physiological lung separation ventilates each lung as an independent unit. There are some clear indications for ILV as a primary intervention and as a rescue ventilator strategy in both anatomical and physiological lung separation. Potential pitfalls are related to establishing and maintaining lung isolation. Nevertheless, ILV can be used in the intensive care setting safely with a good understanding of its limitations and potential complications.
Characterizing spatial correlation in indoor channels (2004)

The spatial correlation features of channel impulse responses for an indoor environment are presented. The wide-hand impulse responses of a rectangular enclosure are calculated using the method of images. Bandpass representations of the non line-of-sight multipath responses are obtained for 2.4 GHz ISM band and their spatial cross correlation estimated for various positions of the transmitter and receiver arrays. The receiver and transmitter correlations are shown to exhibit periodic features and a spatial dependence in the decay rate. The correlation minima decreases with transmitter-receiver (T-R) separation and peak-to-peak correlation amplitude exhibits larger values when the transmitter and receivers are positioned close to the corners of the room. The oscillatory features in the spatial correlation may be attributed to the distribution of multipath clusters in time. For certain configurations of the T-R arrays the clusters are well separated resulting in a slower rate of oscillation at the inter-cluster time scale. In the short or intra-cluster time-scale, the correlation can exhibit a slow decay rate. At the corners, these clusters appear at faster rate and individual clusters are of a shorter duration. This feature leads to a faster and more structured oscillation in the correlation features. These observations are important considerations in design and evaluation of the performance of multiple-output multiple-input wireless communications systems.
Vickers hardness of cast commercially pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloy submitted to heat treatments (2006)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of heat treatments on the Vickers hardness of commercially pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V cast alloys. Six-millimeter-diameter cylindrical specimens were cast in a Rematitan System. Commercially pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloy specimens were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n=10) that received the following heat treatments: control (no heat treatment); treatment 1 (T1): heating at 750 degrees C for 2 h; and treatment 2 (T2): annealing at 955 degrees C for 1 h and aging at 620 degrees C for 2 h. After heat treatments, the specimens were embedded in acrylic resin and their surface was ground and polished and hardness was measured. Vickers hardness means (VHN) and standard deviations were analyzed statistically by Kruskal-Wallis test at 5% significance level. For commercially pure titanium, Vickers hardness means of group T2 (259.90 VHN) was significantly higher than those of the other groups (control--200.26 VHN and T1--202.23 VHN), which presented similar hardness means to each other (p>0.05). For Ti-6Al-4V alloy, statistically significant differences were observed among the three groups: T2 (369.08 VHN), T1 (351.94 VHN) and control (340.51 VHN) (p<0.05). The results demonstrated different hardness of CP Ti and Ti-6Al-4V when different heat treatments were used. For CP Ti, VHN means of T2 group was remarkably higher than those of control and T1 group, which showed similar VHN means to each other. For Ti-6Al-4V alloy, however, VHN means recorded for each group may be presented as follows: T2>T1>control.
Adsorption of Surfactants on Montmorillonite (1970)

Abstract Some authors have stated that anionic surfactants are not adsorbed by montmorillonite while others indicate very minor adsorption. Attempts to quantitatively determine the degree of adsorption have shown that certain problems exist which, unless recognized, will completely mask results. Some of these difficulties have been overcome but exact data have not yet been obtained. However, enough information has been gathered to prove that adsorption of anionic surfactants on montmorillonite is real and substantial. Reliable adsorption data for cationic and nonionic surfactants and one having both nonionic and anionic character have been obtained. It is indicated that 550 mg of these surfactants are adsorbed by 1 g of montmorillonite. X-ray diffraction data for complexes of all surfactants investigated confirm positive adsorption. However, the thickness of the adsorbed surfactant layers cannot always be quantitatively related to the amount of adsorbed surfactant.
Gold nanoparticle-based optical microfluidic sensors for analysis of environmental pollutants (2012)

Conventional methods of environmental analysis can be significantly improved by the development of portable microscale technologies for direct in-field sensing at remote locations. This report demonstrates the vast potential of gold nanoparticle-based microfluidic sensors for the rapid, in-field, detection of two important classes of environmental contaminants - heavy metals and pesticides. Using gold nanoparticle-based microfluidic sensors linked to a simple digital camera as the detector, detection limits as low as 0.6 μg L(-1) and 16 μg L(-1) could be obtained for the heavy metal mercury and the dithiocarbamate pesticide ziram, respectively. These results demonstrate that the attractive optical properties of gold nanoparticle probes combine synergistically with the inherent qualities of microfluidic platforms to offer simple, portable and sensitive sensors for environmental contaminants.