gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Thermoplastic Polyurethanes Synthesized via Two Different Prepolymers (2019)

The man aim of this work was to investigate the effect of the molecular weight of polyols, mixture of prepolymers, and [NCO]/[OH] molar ratio used during the prepolymer chain extending step on the chemical structure, thermomechanical and mechanical properties, and thermal stability of thermoplastic poly(ether-urethane)s In this work thermoplastic poly(ether-urethane)s were synthesized by using polyols with a various molecular weight, 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and bio-based glycol. Materials were obtained by a two-step method. The tests were carried out for polyurethanes obtained from a mixture of prepolymers and for reference samples. In the case of materials obtained with using mixture of prepolymers, the ratio of both prepolymers was determined on 50/50 weight percent. Soft segments of materials prepared with using mixture consist of two different polyols. The chemical structure was analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy. The Gaussian deconvolution technique was used to study the hydrogen bonding as well as to decompose carbonyl region of three peaks in various TPUs. The thermal degradation behavior was investigated by using thermogravimetric analysis at heating rates of 10 °C/min. It was confirmed that the mixture of prepolymers has an effect of the degree of phase separation, thermal stability and selected properties of synthesized thermoplastic poly(ether-urethane)s.
An Improved Finite-Difference Calculation of Downhole Dynamometer Cards for Sucker-Rod Pumps (1992)

Summary This paper presents a finite-difference representation of the wave equation developed for diagnostic analyses of sucker-rod pumping systems. A consistent method of computing the viscous damping term associated with the damped-wave equation is also presented.
Nonuniform, Inhomogeneous, and Anisotropic Waveguides (1956)

This paper discusses in a general way some of the properties of nonuniform, inhomogeneous, and anisotropic waveguides and transmission lines. No attempt is made to discuss in detail the behavior of any particular type of waveguide except for the purposes of example. Most of the points discussed are well known separately, but an attempt has been made to bring some of general properties of special types of waveguide together in order to unify them, and, thus, it is hoped, to contribute to the over-all understanding of guided wave phenomena.
Measured impedance at source node of a distribution feeder with distributed loads (2008)

Distance protection is not utilized in distribution networks, unlike the transmission systems, due to the inherent characteristic of the distribution networks and the additional required facilities of the distance protection, compared with overcurrent protection, which is in use in the distribution systems. This paper studies the measured impedance at the source node of a distribution feeder with distributed loads. The ideal tripping characteristic is presented for the distribution feeder with distributed loads. The variation of this tripping characteristic is studied as a function of the fault location. The especial case of the absence of the fault resistance is highlighted.
DNA Methylation-regulated miR-193a-3p Dictates Resistance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma to 5-Fluorouracil via Repression of SRSF2 Expression (2011)

Chemoresistance prevents effective cancer therapy and is rarely predictable prior to treatment, particularly for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Following the chemoresistance profiling of eight HCC cell lines to each of nine chemotherapeutics, two cell lines (QGY-7703 as a sensitive and SMMC-7721 as a resistant cell line to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment) were systematically studied for mechanistic insights underpinning HCC 5-FU chemoresistance. Genomic profiling at both DNA methylation and microRNA (miR) levels and subsequent mechanistic studies illustrate a new mechanism for how DNA methylation-regulated miR-193a-3p dictates the 5-FU resistance of HCC cells via repression of serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 2 (SRSF2) expression. In turn, SRSF2 preferentially up-regulates the proapoptotic splicing form of caspase 2 (CASP2L) and sensitizes HCC cells to 5-FU. Forced changes of miR-193a-3p level reverse all of the phenotypic features examined, including cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and 5-FU sensitivity, in cell culture and in nude mice. Importantly, the siRNA-mediated repression of SRSF2 phenocopies all of the miR-193a-3p mimic-triggered changes in QGY-7703. This newly identified miR-193a-3p-SRSF2 axis highlights a new set of companion diagnostics required for optimal 5-FU therapy of HCC, which involve assaying both the DNA methylation state of the miR-193a gene and the expression of miR-193a-3p and SRSF2 and the relative level of the proapoptotic versus antiapoptotic splicing forms of caspase 2 in clinical samples.
Ovine neuroaxonal dystrophy in New Zealand (1988)

A condition of neuroaxonal dystrophy of Coopworth sheep is described. This was characterised clinically by progressive ataxia from weaning with collapse of hindquarters and ultimately death. One per cent to 10% of the lamb flock on three commerical farms were affected over several years. Histopathological features were bilateral spheroid formation in specific brain stem nuclei and in the dorsal horn (especially in and about Clarke's column) along the length of the spinal cord. The condition appears virtually identical to that recorded earlier in Californian Suffolk sheep and that seen previously in the Romney, Perendale and Coopworth breeds in New Zealand. The cause was undetermined but it is suggested there may be an inherited component, as has been postulated in the Suffolks.
Pick a card ... any card : your money (2006)

Extracted from text ... 8 November 2006 Moneyweb's PERSONAL FINANCE 
YOUR MONEY 
Pick a card ... any card 
Do credit cards represent shopping convenience, or a 
noose of debt? It depends on how they are used. 
By STEVEN JONES 
WHEN credit cards were first 
issued, you had to either be seriously 
wealthy or amongst the top 
tier of salary earners in order to 
qualify for one. That your credit 
record needed to be more sanitary 
than an operating table went without 
saying. 
Nowadays, these seemingly 
innocuous bits of plastic simply 
arrive in the post. And it is not 
only the banks who are ..
XML Security based Access Control for Healthcare Information in Mobile Environment (2006)

Mobile and wireless devices have penetrated the health care sector due to their increased functionality, low cost, high reliability and easy-to-use nature. However, in such health care applications the privacy and security of the transmitted information must be preserved. Also different personal involved in the Healthcare industry must have different access privileges to the patient information. In this paper we present a protocol that will share the information securely to the intended recipient using the XML encryption and XML signature technologies
Family Support of the Elderly (1981)

Professor and Chairperson, Department of Nursing, State University of New York, Brockport, New York
A STUDY OF TEXT-TO-SPEECH (TTS) IN CHILDREN’S ENGLISH LEARNING (2015)

getyiching @ yahoo.com, lawrencwliao @ yahoo.com.tw The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of the digital material incorporated into Text-to-Speech system for students ’ English spelling. The digital material was made on the basis of the Spelling Bee vocabulary list (approximately 300 words) issued by the selected school. 21 third graders from a private bilingual school in Taiwan were selected for this study. This study employed four data collection techniques, including questionnaire, pre-test and post-test, informal observation and interview, and semi-structured individual interviews. The research results showed that the use of digital material fostered the students ’ English spelling ability and their self-directed learning.
A Brief-access Test for Bitter Taste in Mice (2002)

Inbred mouse strains vary in their response to bitter-tasting compounds as assessed by 48 h preference tests. These differences are generally assumed to result from altered gustatory function, although such long-term tests could easily reflect additional factors. We developed a brief-access taste test and tested the responses of two inbred strains, as well as C3. SW congenic mice, to the bitter stimulus sucrose octaacetate (SOA). Water-deprived trained mice were tested with five concentrations of SOA (0.00018-0.18 mM) and distilled water in a Davis MS- 160 apparatus. Trials were 5 s in duration and stimuli were presented randomly within blocks; each stimulus trial was preceded by a water rinse trial. Each concentration was presented twice in a session and mice were repeatedly tested across consecutive days. SOA-taster mice, including the SWR/J (SW) inbred and C3. SW congenic taster (T) mice, avoided licking SOA at concentrations >0.003 mM. In comparison, C3HeB/FeJ (C3) and C3. SW demitaster mice (D) licked all concentrations at the same rate as water. Concentration-response functions were similar across strains for both the brief-access test and a parallel 48 h preference test run on separate groups of mice. Furthermore, concentration-response functions were similar whether or not the brief-access test was preceded by a 4 day, single concentration pretest with SOA. The brief-access test is a suitable assay for bitter taste function in mice because it minimizes possible post-ingestive influences on taste.
Shoulder dystocia training using a new birth training mannequin (2005)

Shoulder dystocia 'skill drills' are a requirement for the Maternity CNST standards. However, there is, as yet, no evidence that training in the management of shoulder dystocia improves outcome. We developed a mannequin for training and investigated its effectiveness. The management of shoulder dystocia improved following training with the mannequin. There was a reduction in the head-to-body delivery duration, and the maximum applied delivery force, following training; however, these did not reach statistical significance. After training no subject applied a delivery force of greater than 100 N, a level above which fetal injury has been shown to occur.
Hydroborations: A New Route for the Preparation of 1-Alkyl- (or Aryl) 2-Tetralones (1993)

Abstract The hydroboration followed by chromic acid oxidation of 1-alkyl- and 1-aryl-3, 4-dihydronaphthalenes leads to the corresponding 1-alkyl- (or aryl)2-tetralones (1-substituted 3, 4-dihydronaphthalen-2(1H)-ones).
Game theory and reciprocity in some extensive form experimental games (1996)

We examine decision making in two-person extensive form game trees using nine treatments that vary matching protocol, payoffs, and payoff information. Our objective is to establish replicable principles of cooperative versus noncooperative behavior that involve the use of signaling, reciprocity, and backward induction strategies, depending on the availability of dominated direct punishing strategies and the probability of repeated interaction with the same partner. Contrary to the predictions of game theory, we find substantial support for cooperation under complete information even in various single-play treatments.
Challenges in Autonomous Vehicle Validation (2017)

Developers of autonomous systems face distinct challenges in conforming to established methods of validating safety. It is well known that testing alone is insufficient to assure safety, because testing long enough to establish ultra-dependability is generally impractical. Thatfis why software safety standards emphasize high quality development processes. Testing then validates process execution rather than directly validating dependability.
Partial Order Temporal Plan Merging for Mobile Robot Tasks (2016)

For many mobile service robot applications, planning problems are based on deciding how and when to navigate to certain locations and execute certain tasks. Typically, many of these tasks are independent from one another, and the main objective is to obtain plans that efficiently take into account where these tasks can be executed and when execution is allowed. In this paper, we present an approach, based on merging of partial order plans with durative actions, that can quickly and effectively generate a plan for a set of independent goals. This plan exploits some of the synergies of the plans for each single task, such as common locations where certain actions should be executed. We evaluate our approach in benchmarking domains, comparing it with state-of-the-art planners and showing how it provides a good trade-off between the approach of sequencing the plans for each task (which is fast but produces poor results), and the approach of planning for a conjunction of all the goals (which is slow but produces good results).
Performance Criteria for Radio Frequency Identification Technology: Cases of Vehicle Identification Systems in Gas Stations and Automobile Manufacturing (2006)

The purpose of this study is to identify performance criteria for radio frequency identification (RFID) technology in two different applications. RFID is used in a wide variety of manufacturing and service industries and every sector has different performance criteria for RFID. The study is focused on tracking vehicles in automobile manufacturing and vehicle identification systems at gas stations. First of all, a literature search is carried out. The performance criteria are classified such as technical, operational, and managerial and then ranked. Automobile manufacturing plants and a large-scale petroleum distribution company are visited. In-depth interviews are held with the authorized experts. The differences in each application are discussed and results are presented
Magnetoelectric spintronics (2013)

A promising way to overcome power and temperature issues in optimizing the performance of microelectronic devices will take advantage of purely electric field-controlled devices with a minimum amount of Joule heating. Multiphase multiferroic and magnetoelectric materials are most promising, since they can be tailored according to the technical needs. Here, we focus onto electric switching of the exchange bias effect in Cr2O3/(Pt/Co/Pt) heterostructures thus controlling the magnetic states of spintronic devices such as MERAM and MEXOR.
Natural gas combustion in a bed of sand (1997)

The combustion of natural gas in a bed of sand has been studied using a laboratory size quartz reactor. Visual observations confirmed earlier qualitative descriptions of the process: above about 900 C the bed material glowing uniformly orange and with sufficient oxygen, efficient combustion. In this work, the effect of changing bed particle size, bed height (mass), mixture stoichiometry and bed temperature, measured at two levels, has been studied and the concentrations of O{sub 2}, CO, NO and NO{sub 2} above the bed were recorded. As expected, the CO concentration rises sharply on the fuel rich side and the NO concentration always peaks close to stoichiometry. With O{sub 2} in excess, the CO is very sensitive to temperature in the neighborhood of 900 C, falling rapidly at higher temperatures. This is attributed to radical chain branching via H + O{sub 2} = OH + O becoming faster than the three body radical recombination reaction leading to the formation of the HO{sub 2} radical. The NO concentration appears to increase with the bed height and not with bed temperature, to which it is quite insensitive. This eliminates the thermal mechanism of NO formation, leaving prompt NO as the only possibility. Inmore » the 800--900 C range, when CO oxidation appears to be slow, NO{sub 2} can also be present. This can be accounted for if NO is oxidized mainly by reaction with HO{sub 2}. The results have implications for fluidized bed coal combustion.« less
Optical digital computers (1989)

Article Free Access Share on Optical digital computers Author: A. Huang AT&T Bell Laboratories, Crawfords Corner Road, 4G-514, Holmdel, New Jersey AT&T Bell Laboratories, Crawfords Corner Road, 4G-514, Holmdel, New JerseyView Profile Authors Info & Claims Supercomputing '89: Proceedings of the 1989 ACM/IEEE conference on SupercomputingAugust 1989 Pages 446–449https://doi.org/10.1145/76263.76312Published:01 August 1989Publication History 2citation922DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations2Total Downloads922Last 12 Months6Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Endothelial Cell PAF Synthesis following Thrombin Stimulation Utilizes Ca<sup>2+</sup>-Independent Phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> (2001)

Platelet activating factor (PAF) is a potent lipid autocoid that is rapidly synthesized and presented on the surface of endothelial cells following thrombin stimulation. PAF production may occur via de novo synthesis or by the combined direct action of phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) and acetyl-CoA:lyso-PAF acetyltransferase or via the remodeling pathway. This study was undertaken to define the role of PLA(2) and plasmalogen phospholipid hydrolysis in PAF synthesis in thrombin-treated human umbilical artery endothelial cells (HUAEC). Basal PLA(2) activity in HUAEC was primarily found to be Ca(2+)-independent (iPLA(2)), membrane-associated, and selective for arachidonylated plasmenylcholine substrate. Thrombin stimulation of HUAEC resulted in a preferential 3-fold increase in membrane-associated iPLA(2) activity utilizing plasmenylcholine substrates with a minimal increase in activity with alkylacyl glycerophospholipids. No change in cystolic iPLA(2) activity in thrombin-stimulated HUAEC was observed. The thrombin-stimulated activation of iPLA(2) and associated hydrolysis of plasmalogen phospholipids was accompanied by increased levels of arachidonic acid (from 1.1 +/- 0.1 to 2.8 +/- 0.1%) and prostacyclin release (from 38 +/- 12 to 512 +/- 24%) as well as an increased level of production of lysoplasmenylcholine (from 0.6 +/- 0.1 to 2.1 +/- 0.3 nmol/mg of protein), lysophosphatidylcholine (from 0.3 +/- 0.1 to 0.6 +/- 0.1 nmol/mg of protein), and PAF (from 790 +/- 108 to 3380 +/- 306 dpm). Inhibition of iPLA(2) with bromoenol lactone resulted in inhibition of iPLA(2) activity, plasmalogen phospholipid hydrolysis, production of choline lysophospholipids, and PAF synthesis. These data indicate that PAF production requires iPLA(2) activation in thrombin-stimulated HUAEC and may occur through the CoA-independent transacylase remodeling pathway rather than as a direct result of the PLA(2)-catalyzed hydrolysis of membrane alkylacyl glycerophosphocholine.
Histidine kinases in signal transduction pathways of eukaryotes (1997)

Autophosphorylating histidine kinases are an ancient conserved family of enzymes that are found in eubacteria, archaebacteria and eukaryotes. They are activated by a wide range of extracellular signals and transfer phosphate moieties to aspartates found in response regulators. Recent studies have shown that such two-component signal transduction pathways mediate osmoregulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Dictyostelium discoideum and Neurospora crassa. Moreover, they play pivotal roles in responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to ethylene and cytokinin. A transmembrane histidine kinase encoded by dhkA accumulates when Dictyostelium cells aggregate during development. Activation of DhkA results in the inhibition of its response regulator, RegA, which is a cAMP phosphodiesterase that regulates the cAMP dependent protein kinase PKA. When PKA is activated late in the differentiation of prespore cells, they encapsulate into spores. There is evidence that this two-component system participates in a feedback loop linked to PKA in prestalk cells such that the signal to initiate encapsulation is rapidly amplified. Such signal transduction pathways can be expected to be found in a variety of eukaryotic differentiations since they are rapidly reversible and can integrate disparate signals.
Development of centrifuged cow zygotes cultured in rabbit oviducts (1988)

Zygotes from superovulated cows were centrifuged and pronuclei were detected by differential interference-contrast microscopy in 73% of 106 zygotes. Zygotes were then transferred to ligated oviducts of follicular-phase, 1-day pseudopregnant or 7-day pseudopregnant rabbits and recovered 5 days later. Their development did not differ from that of uncentrifuged zygotes transferred to the opposite oviduct: 41% of the embryos recovered from rabbit oviducts contained 17-32 nuclei and an additional 5% contained greater than 32 nuclei. In another experiment, 399 ova from unmated cows were transferred to rabbit oviducts to determine whether centrifugation induced parthenogenetic development. After 7 days, 257 ova were recovered; 16% of the recovered ova had developed parthenogenetically and contained 2-30 nuclei. Neither centrifugation of the ova nor reproductive status of the rabbits influenced the proportion of parthenogenotes found. Parthenogenetic development was also observed in 14 of 71 ova (20%) recovered on Day 7 from uninseminated superovulated cows. In an attempt to increase the probability of detecting treatment differences, centrifuged and control cow zygotes were incubated for 7 (rather than 5) days in opposite oviducts of fourteen 1-day pseudopregnant rabbits. Development was unaffected by centrifugation: 61% of the zygotes recovered had developed beyond the 16-cell stage, with 23, 24 and 15% containing 17-32, 33-64, and greater than 64 nuclei, respectively. Taking into account the percentage of zygotes in which pronuclei can be seen, the recovery rate from rabbit oviducts, and the proportion of embryos that develop to the morula stage or beyond, 26% of the original group of zygotes would be candidates for transfer into recipient cows.
Spring Design Optimization With Fatigue (2010)

The purpose of this work is to look into the fundamental issues regarding spring design and develop a new, easy to use software program that would allow for optimal, flexible spring designs. Most commercial programs that address this function are basic and do not allow the designer much control over the variables hindering design. This is so because most programs start from the premise that the spring is a general purpose part of the system or that other design parameters can be altered to accommodate the chosen spring. In cases where this is not so, such as in hydraulic cartridge valves, where the geometric constraints are severe, spring design may be a cumbersome process. This is particularly true when fatigue life is taken into account.\nThe solution chosen here is to tailor the software application to these particular design constraints, incorporating some ideas about spring optimization. In addition to this, a concerted effort was made to make the subject more accessible to the engineers using the program by automating the more technical aspects of the process allowing the designers to make intelligent decisions based on how the variables would affect design. To this end currently existing software was evaluated to determine where it was lacking and a new program was written and painstakingly tested. Finally, it was used to correct flaws identified in existing springs.