gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vectorial calibration of 3D magnetic field sensor arrays (1995)

The vectorial calibration of magnetic field sensor arrays along three axes is presented. In this context, a distinction must be made between the calibration of alignment errors between the 3D sensors and the calibration of orthogonality errors between the three axes of a 3D sensor. Alignment errors within the sensor array are determined by using a homogeneous vector field generated by a 3D Helmholtz coil arrangement consisting of single octagonal coils. Two sophisticated methods to determine errors of orthogonality between the axes of a 3D sensor are described and compared. The first attempt was to calibrate the perpendicularity of the 3D coil system by means of a laser-interferometer controlled 90/spl deg/ turn of a solenoid coil and measuring the induced voltage. The second attempt was to use the mechanically fixed perpendicularity errors of the 3D sensor and the 3D coil system. By rotating the 3D sensor in the coil system, the perpendicularity errors of coil system and sensor are superimposed with changing signs and could therefore be calculated. The measurements are taken across a solenoid coil which can be calibrated by the PTB (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt-Federal Standards Laboratory).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Impact of Internet Commerce on Do-It-Yourself Investing in the IT Sector (2004)

ABSTRACT Recent advances in networking, telecommunications, and the Internet have greatly decreased the problem of information asymmetry for the small investor. Previously, brokerage firms maintained tight control over information thus “encouraging” the investor to partake of their services. The removal of this structural impediment has empowered small investors to take greater control of their personal financial affairs. For those interested in self-directed investing in the growing IT sector, Direct Stock Purchase programs (DSPs), Dividend Reinvestment programs (DRIPs), American Depository Receipts (ADRs), and IT Sector Mutual Funds offer many attractive benefits to shareholders and corporations alike. These investment programs of IT-related firms are examined here.
An Optimal Agreement in a Cluster-based Wireless Sensor Network with Malicious Faulty Nodes (2014)

A cluster of sensor nodes in Cluster-based Wireless Sensor Network (CWSN) is cooperating to achieve some objectives. For CWSN, the fault-tolerance and reliability has been an important topic. The problem of reaching agreement in the distributed system is one of the most important issues to design a fault-tolerance system. In previous works, reach a common agreement among healthy nodes to cope with the influence from faulty components is significant in a fault-tolerance system. In this study, the Optimal Malicious Agreement Protocol (OMAP) is proposed in a CWSN, which the sensor nodes maybe subject to Byzantine (malicious) failure.
Review of A Large Clinical Series: Is the Band Count Useful in the Diagnosis of Infection? An Accuracy Study in Critically Ill Patients (2010)

Background: The presence of immature neutrophils (bands) in the circulating blood is often used as a clinical indicator of sepsis. Indeed, a band count greater than 10% is one of the American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine’s systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria used to diagnose sepsis. However, the literature regarding the diagnostic accuracy of an elevated band count for the diagnosis of infection is limited. Aim: To determine the accuracy of a band count greater than 10% and increased or decreased white blood cell (WBC) count in diagnosing infection in a heterogeneous group of intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Methods: We prospectively recorded the WBC and band count on consecutive patients admitted to our ICU. Each patient was evaluated for the presence of infection according to defined criteria. The diagnostic accuracy of band count and total WBC count were determined by standard statistical methods. Results: Overall, 145 patients were enrolled, of whom 42 (29%) had a defined infection on admission to the ICU. On multiple logistic regression, the odds ratio for infection was 8.67 (95% CI 3.36-22.39; P < .001) for patients with band count greater than 10% and 1.6 (95% CI 0.78-3.29; P = .2) for a WBC count greater than 12 × 10 9 /L. A band count greater than 10% had sensitivity of 43% (95% CI 28%-59%), specificity of 92% (95% CI 85%-97%), positive likelihood ratio of 5.52 (95% CI 2.6-11.7), and negative likelihood ratio of 0.62 (95% CI 0.47-0.81) for the diagnosis of infection. Conclusion: Band count may provide useful information in patients whose diagnosis of infection is uncertain. An elevated band count leads to a moderate increase in the likelihood of infection. A negative test, however, leads to only a small change in the posttest probability of infection.
Practical Gamma‐Ray Spectrometry (2008)

Radioactive Decay and the Origin of Gamma- and X-Radiation. Interactions of Gamma-Radiation with Matter. Semiconductor Detectors for Gamma-Ray Spectrometry. Electronics for Gamma-Ray Spectrometry. Statistics of Counting. Spectrometer Calibration. True Coincidence Summing. Computer Analysis of Gamma-Ray Spectra. Scintillation Spectrometry. Choosing, Setting Up and Checking the Specification of a Detector. Resolution: Origins and Control. Troubleshooting. Low Count Rate Systems. High Count Rate Systems. Ensuring Quality in Gamma-Ray Spectrometry. Appendices. Index.
4Å molecular sieves catalyzed ring-opening of epoxides to 1,2-diacetates with acetic anhydride (2015)

This study was aimed at highly stereoselective ring-opening of epoxides with acetic anhydride in the presence of molecular sieves 4 as an efficient reagent. Yields of the 1,2-diacetates are uniformly good to excellent and the reagent may be recycled without the requirement for purification. High yields, short reaction times, ease of preparation and simple work-up procedure (filtration) are advantages of this method.
<i>Cell Traffic and the Lymphatic Endothelium</i> (2008)

The principal immune function of the afferent lymphatics is to bear antigen and leukocytes from peripheral tissues to the draining lymph nodes. Recent research has shown that passage of leukocytes into the afferent lymphatic capillaries is far from an indolent process; rather it is carefully orchestrated by an array of adhesion molecules, as well as by chemokines and their receptors. Here we review the current knowledge of leukocyte trans-lymphatic endothelial migration and its role in the development of an immune response.
Wave propagation on helical antennas (1972)

The current distribution, the near field, and the far field of helical antennas are examined. It is found that the application of the helix as an endfire radiator is dependent on two higher Order modes of the helix wave functions. This differs from the application of the helix as a slow wave structure in a traveling wave tube where the lowest order mode of the helix wave functions is utilized.
NITROGEN FERTILIZATION FOR SUBSURFACE DRIPIRRIGATED CORN (2001)

Microirrigation can potentially spoon feed nutrients to a crop. Accurately supplying the crops nitrogen (N)needs throughout the season can enhance crop yields and reduce the potential for groundwater contamination from nitrates.A 2year study (19901991) was conducted on a Keith silt loam soil (Aridic Argiustoll) to examine combinations of bothpreplant surface application (30 cm band in center of furrow) and inseason fertigation of N fertilizer for field corn (Zea maysL.) at three different levels of water application (75%, 100%, and 125% of seasonal evapotranspiration) using a subsurfacedrip irrigation (SDI) system. The method of N application did not significantly affect corn yields, apparent plant nitrogenuptake, or water use efficiency, but all three factors were generally influenced by the combined total N amount. The Napplication method did have an effect on the amount and distribution of total soil N and nitrateN in the soil profile followingharvest. In both years, nearly all of the residual nitrateN after corn harvest was within the upper 0.3 m of the soil profilefor the treatments receiving only preplantapplied N, regardless of irrigation regime. In contrast, the nitrateNconcentrations increased with increasing rates of N injected by the SDI system and migrated deeper into the soil profile withincreased irrigation. The results suggest that N applied with an SDI system at a depth of 4045 cm redistributes differentlyin the soil profile than surfaceapplied preplant N banded in the furrow.
Optimization and Use of ELISpot and Proliferation Assays: Characterizing a CD4+ T-Cell Immune Response to C. trachomatis in Adolescent Women (2010)

Chlamydia trachomatis is the most prevalent STI in the United States, with the highest rates of infection reported among adolescent females6. The development of treatment strategies to prevent infection and the associated reproductive pathology<br>requires a better understanding of the CD4+ T-cell immune responses to Chlamydia infection. PBMCs isolated from a seropositive donor and a seronegative donor were stimulated with various concentrations of chlamydial antigens (Serovar D EB and<br>CHSP60-l) and underwent 24- and 48-hour incubations. T-cell proliferation and cytokine secretion was quantified by 3H proliferation and dual-color ELISpot assays, respectively. Experimental assays revealed that PBMCs stimulated with 1 uglmL of chlamydial antigens and incubated for 48 hours was optimal for stimulating T -cells from a seropositive donor to proliferate more robustly and to display more specific secretion of IFN-y than T-cells from a seronegative donor. In a follow-up study with a small cohort of adolescent women (13 :'S Mage:'S 25) at high risk for Chlamydia infection, statistical analyses of experimental assays suggested that alamar blue T-cell proliferation and ELISpot assays were less accurate at diagnosing Chlamydia than current PCR diagnostic methods. Furthermore, analyses revealed that experimental assays were unable to predict immune status differences and to detect pathology in adolescent women. Although, exploratory ROC analyses suggested that experimental assays may have the potential to detect pathology among patients, such that AUC values for experimental assays did better than chance (AUC > 0.5) at predicting pathology when CD4+ T-cells were stimulated<br>with chlamydial antigens. "
A Method of Detecting Hot Spots on Semiconductors using Liquid Crystals (1981)

This paper presents a failure analysis technique which uses cholesteric liquid crystals and polarized light to locate areas of high power dissipation on an integrated circuit. The technique is non-destructive and can be performed in a few minutes using common failure analysis equipment. An example is given involving the analysis of a CMOS latch-up mechanism.
Aspects of prophylactic treatment of hemophilia (2016)

Retrospective and prospective studies unambiguously show that prophylactic treatment of severe hemophilia A or B should be started as primary prophylaxis at 1-2 years' of age and ideally before the first joint bleed. The dose and dose frequency should be individually tailored depending on the goal of treatment, venous access and the bleeding phenotype. The circumstances during the first exposures of factor VIII concentrates in hemophilia A may have an impact on the risk of developing inhibitors. Enhanced half-life products, in particular in hemophilia B, will facilitate treatment in patients with difficult venous access but also in achieving a higher trough level. Evidence accumulate that prophylactic treatment is beneficial also in adults and in patients with inhibitors.
Thermodynamic Properties of 65 Elements: Their Oxides, Halides, Carbides and Nitrides (1963)

From Introduction: "This Bureau of Mines bulletin was prepared to compile in readily usable form the heat content, heat-of-formation, and free-energy-of-formation data for 65 common elements and their respective oxides, halides, carbides, and nitrides. The bulletin was prepared to encourage the application of thermodynamics in the metallurgical field; consequently, the values have been presented in a simple, readily usable form and several examples of their applications have been shown."
Autoimmune diseases: a leading cause of death among young and middle-aged women in the United States (2000)

Autoimmune diseases constitute a leading cause of death among young and middle-aged women. This fact is obscured by current methods used to identify leading causes.
Alignment of Osteoblast-Like Cells and Cell-Produced Collagen Matrix Induced by Nanogrooves (2005)

Alignment of bone cells and collagen matrix is closely related to the anisotropic mechanical properties of bone. Intact scaffolds that promote osteoblast differentiation and mineralization in the preferred direction offer promise in the generation of biomimetic bone tissue. In this study, we examined the alignment of osteoblast-like cells and collagen fibers guided by nanogrooves. Nanoscale groove-ridge patterns (approximately 300 nm in periodicity, 60-70 nm in depth) on the surface of polystyrene (PS) were made by polarized Nd:YAG laser irradiation, at a wavelength of 266 nm. The influence of such "nanoscale features" on the orientation and alignment of cells and their mineralized collagen matrix was investigated, using rabbit mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived osteoblast-like cells. The cells and actin stress fibers were aligned and elongated along the direction of the nanogrooves. In addition, the alignment of collagen matrix was also influenced by underlying nanogrooves. The results suggested that nanoscale fibrous cues in the longitudinal direction might contribute to the aligned formation of bone tissue. This may provide an effective approach for constructing biomimetic bone tissue.
Static Mapping of Real-Time Applications onto Massively Parallel Processor Arrays (2014)

On-chip networks (NoCs) used in multiprocessor systems-on-chips (MPSoCs) pose significant challenges to both on-line (dynamic) and off-line (static) real-time scheduling approaches. They have large numbers of potential contention points, have limited internal buffering capabilities, and network control operates at the scale of small data packets. Therefore, efficient resource allocation requires scalable algorithms working on hardware models with a level of detail that is unprecedented in real-time scheduling. We consider here a static scheduling approach, and we target massively parallel processor arrays (MPPAs), which are MPSoCs with large numbers (hundreds) of processing cores. We first identify and compare the hardware mechanisms supporting precise timing analysis and efficient resource allocation in existing MPPA platforms. We determine that the NoC should ideally provide the means of enforcing a global communications schedule that is computed off-line (before execution) and which is synchronized with the scheduling of computations on processors. On the software side, we propose a novel allocation and scheduling method capable of synthesizing such global computation and communication schedules covering all the execution, communication, and memory resources in an MPPA. To allow an efficient use of the hardware resources, our method takes into account the specificities of MPPA hardware and implements advanced scheduling techniques such as software pipelining and pre-computed preemption of data transmissions. We evaluate our technique by mapping two signal processing applications, for which we obtain good latency, throughput, and resource use figures.
Enhancing intervertebral disc repair and regeneration through biology: platelet-rich plasma as an alternative strategy (2013)

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a common orthopedic disease associated with mechanical changes that may result in significant pain. Current treatments for IDD mainly depend on conservative therapies and spinal surgeries that are only able to relieve the symptoms but do not address the cause of the degeneration and even accelerate the degeneration of adjacent segments. This has prompted research to improve our understanding of the biology of intervertebral disc healing and into methods to enhance the regenerative process. Recently, biological therapies, including active substances, gene therapy and tissue engineering based on certain cells, have been attracting more attention in the field of intervertebral disc repair and regeneration. Early selection of suitable biological treatment is an ideal way to prevent or even reverse the progressive trend of IDD. Growth factors have been enjoying more popularity in the field of regeneration of IDD and many have been proved to be effective in reversing the degenerative trend of the intervertebral disc. Identification of these growth factors has led to strategies to deliver platelet-derived factors to the intervertebral disc for regeneration. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is the latest technique to be evaluated for promoting intervertebral disc healing. Activation of the PRP leads to the release of growth factors from the α-granules in the platelet cytoplasm. These growth factors have been associated with the initiation of a healing cascade that leads to cellular chemotaxis, angiogenesis, synthesis of collagen matrix, and cell proliferation. This review describes the current understanding of IDD and related biological therapeutic strategies, especially the promising prospects of PRP treatment. Future limitations and perspectives of PRP therapy for IDD are also discussed.
Parameter tuning in distributed Home Automation Systems: towards a tabu search approach (2008)

This paper deals with the problem of designing an efficient metaheuristics optimization method to tune the parameters of a Home Automation System (HAS). Using a simulation environment, the performances of a home automation system in exploiting limited resources (electricity, gas, hot water) can be described in terms of suitable indices that depend on behavioural parameters of the individual appliances and can be practically evaluated. The choice of the best set of parameters for the model is the common intention of most simulation studies and for this reason in recent years the field of the simulation optimization has received increasing attention. Our method has proven effective in finding good parameter configurations, even starting from very poor initial solutions.
Adobe PageMill 2.0Jデザインテクニック (1997)

第１章 ＷＹＳＩＷＹＧではじめるＷｅｂページの制作 第２章 ＰａｇｅＭｉｌｌ２．０の概要 第３章 Ｗｅｂサイトの設計 第４章 テキストと画像の基本操作 第５章 リンク 第６章 アクティブイメージとイメージマップ 第７章 表とフレーム 第８章 フォーム 第９章 ＨＴＭＬ 第１０章 ＣＧＩ（Ｃｏｍｍｏｎ Ｇａｔｅｗａｙ Ｉｎｔｅｒｆａｃｅ） 第１１章 Ｗｅｂサイトの仕上げ 第１２章 サーバの管理
Models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2004)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major global health problem and is predicted to become the third most common cause of death by 2020. Apart from the important preventive steps of smoking cessation, there are no other specific treatments for COPD that are as effective in reversing the condition, and therefore there is a need to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms that could lead to new therapeutic strategies. The development of experimental models will help to dissect these mechanisms at the cellular and molecular level. COPD is a disease characterized by progressive airflow obstruction of the peripheral airways, associated with lung inflammation, emphysema and mucus hypersecretion. Different approaches to mimic COPD have been developed but are limited in comparison to models of allergic asthma. COPD models usually do not mimic the major features of human COPD and are commonly based on the induction of COPD-like lesions in the lungs and airways using noxious inhalants such as tobacco smoke, nitrogen dioxide, or sulfur dioxide. Depending on the duration and intensity of exposure, these noxious stimuli induce signs of chronic inflammation and airway remodelling. Emphysema can be achieved by combining such exposure with instillation of tissue-degrading enzymes. Other approaches are based on genetically-targeted mice which develop COPD-like lesions with emphysema, and such mice provide deep insights into pathophysiological mechanisms. Future approaches should aim to mimic irreversible airflow obstruction, associated with cough and sputum production, with the possibility of inducing exacerbations.
Damage Tolerance and Fail-Safety of Composite Sandwich Panels (1994)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Requirements, analysis methodologies, and selected test data for impact damage tolerance and fail-safety of composite sandwich panels are reviewed and discussed. Characteristic impact damage, failure modes, and residual strength prediction methodologies for impact damaged composite sandwich panels are presented, as well as guidelines for impact damage tolerant design. A tear strap design methodology for fail-safe composite sandwich panel design is discussed, along with pertinent residual strength test data for composite sandwich tear strap panels.</div>
3. - Modélisation de la gestion des ressources en eau dans les zones littorales méditerranéennes. Application au cas du bassin versant du Lez (1992)

Colas H., Bocquillon C., Valette F. 3. - Modélisation de la gestion des ressources en eau dans les zones littorales méditerranéennes. Application au cas du bassin versant du Lez. In: L'avenir de l'eau. Quelques réponses des sciences hydrotechniques à une inquiétude mondiale. Vingt deuxièmes journées de l'hydraulique. Paris, 15-17 septembre 1992. Tome 3, 1992.
Development Of Fly-By-Light Systems (1990)

After 20 years of government, industry, and university research and development efforts, the reality of fly-by-light production aircraft is within sight. An overview is presented of the driving factors which make fly-by-light systems viable, and the philosophy and contributions of Douglas Aircraft Company are reviewed.
A case‐control study of Alzheimer's disease in Australia (1990)

We conducted a case-control study of clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease (AD) on 170 cases aged 52 to 96 years, and 170 controls matched for age, sex and, where possible, the general practice of origin. Trained lay interviewers naive to the hypotheses and to the clinical status of the elderly person carried out risk-factor interviews with informants. Significant odds ratios were found for 4 variables: a history of either dementia, probable AD, or Down's syndrome in a 1st-degree relative, and underactivity as a behavioral trait in both the recent and more distant past. Previously reported or suggested associations not confirmed by this study include head injury, starvation, thyroid disease, analgesic abuse, antacid use (aluminum exposure), alcohol abuse, smoking, and being left-handed.