gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Insulin Degradation Products from a Cultured Kidney Cell Line* (1988)

The kidney is a major site for insulin removal and degradation, but the subcellular processes and enzymes involved have not been established. We have examined this process by analyzing insulin degradation products by HPLC. Monoiodoinsulin specifically labeled on either the A14 or B26 tyrosine residue was incubated with a cultured kidney epithelial cell line, and both intracellular and extracellular products were examined on HPLC. The products were then compared with products of known structure generated by hepatocytes and the enzyme insulin protease. Intracellular and extracellular products were different, suggesting two different degradative pathways, as previously shown in liver. The extracellular degradation products eluted from HPLC both before and after sulfitolysis similarly with hepatocyte products and products generated by insulin protease. The intracellular products also eluted identically with hepatocyte products. Based on comparisons with identified products, the kidney cell generates two fragments from the A chain of intact insulin, one with a cleavage at A13-A14 and the other at A14-A15. The B chain of intact insulin is cleaved in a number of different sites, resulting in peptides that elute identically with B chain peptides cleaved at B9-B10, B13-B14, B16-B17, B24-B25, and B25-B26. These similarities with hepatocytes and insulin protease suggest that liver and kidney have similar mechanisms for insulin degradation and that insulin protease or a very similar enzyme is involved in both tissues.
Open cycle thermoacoustics (2000)

A new type of thermodynamic device combining a thermodynamic cycle with the externally applied steady flow of an open thermodynamic process is discussed and experimentally demonstrated. The gas flowing through this device can be heated or cooled in a series of semi-open cyclic steps. The combination of open and cyclic flows makes possible the elimination of some or all of the heat exchangers (with their associated irreversibility). Heat is directly exchanged with the process fluid as it flows through the device when operating as a refrigerator, producing a staging effect that tends to increase First Law thermodynamic efficiency. An open-flow thermoacoustic refrigerator was built to demonstrate this concept. Several approaches are presented that describe the physical characteristics of this device. Tests have been conducted on this refrigerator with good agreement with a proposed theory.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Rapid diversification of cell signaling phenotypes by modular domain recombination. (2010)

Cell signaling proteins are often modular, containing distinct catalytic and regulatory domains. Recombination of such biological modules has been proposed to be a major source of evolutionary innovation. We systematically analyzed the phenotypic diversity of a signaling response that results from domain recombination by using eleven proteins in the yeast mating pathway to construct a library of 66 chimeric domain recombinants. Domain recombination resulted in greater diversity in pathway response dynamics than did duplication of genes, of single domains, or of two unlinked domains. Domain recombination led also to changes in mating phenotype -including recombinants with increased mating efficiency over wild-type. Thus, novel linkages between pre-existing domains may have a major role in the evolution of protein networks and novel phenotypic behaviors.
Lumineszenzeigenschaften von Eu<sup>3⊕</sup>‐ und Tb<sup>3⊕</sup>‐ Komplexen verzweigter makrocyclischer Liganden mit vier 2,2′‐Bipyridineinheiten (1991)

Lumineszenzmarker für biologische Anwendungen müssen in wäßrigen Systemen eine hohe Lumineszenzlebensdauer und ‐quantenausbeute aufweisen. Der Ligand 1 bildet mit Eu 3⊕ Komplexe, die den Anforderungen gerecht werden. Das Lanthanoid‐Ion wird vom Makrocyclus eingeschlossen und von den beiden zusätzlichen bpy‐„Schwenkarmen”︁ regelrecht verkapselt. Die Effizienz des Energietransfers vom Liganden zum Metall‐Ion ist dadurch optimal, und Wassermoleküle können den angeregten Zustand von letzterem nicht desaktivieren. magnified image
Millimeter Wave System Performance Characterization for 5G Data Access (2017)

In this paper, we consider an OFDM(A) based millimeter wave (mmWave) system that is derived from a 5x scaling of the LTE numerology and incorporates analog beamforming-based antenna systems at both the access point (eNB) and user equipment (UE). We characterize the performance of such a system via a single- and multi-user link budget analysis as well as detailed system simulations. The sensitivity of performance to inter-site distance (ISD) and indoor vs. outdoor UEs is evaluated. A key observation is that while mmWave systems can achieve high throughputs, especially for dense deployments, outage is a concern for indoor UEs and non-line-of-sight (NLoS) channels. This motivates the need to build in robustness in mmWave access systems design. An analysis of the throughput impact of in-band backhaul for delivering efficient end-to-end service in ultra-dense mmWave networks is shown. Optimal resource partitioning approaches are derived that yield design guidelines for dense network deployments with in-band backhaul.
[Evaluation of lidocaine metabolite (monoethylglycinexylidide) as a liver function test]. (1993)

In order to determine whether or not the lidocaine metabolism, monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) formation, could be used as a liver function test, we measured the serum levels of MEGX in 38 patients. There were significant correlations between values of MEGX (MEGX15, MEGX30, AUC15-30, AUC0-180) and conventional liver function tests (ICG R15, AT III, T. Bil). It appeared that value of MEGX 30 had maximum factor loading on conventional liver function tests by using principal component analysis. The advantage of adapting the MEGX formation as a liver function test of drug metabolism is simplicity of the method. MEGX formation could be useful index of the total liver function.
THE BENEFITS OF MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE OF ETHANOL-TREATED GRAPES (2005)

Grape storage requires stringent control of decay caused by Botrytis cinerea. The commercial practice is dependent on SO 2 as a fumigant which is applied by various means with well know advantages and downsides. Many alternative technologies were developed over the years, most of them with limited efficacy or applicability. Modified atmosphere (MA) of table grapes suffers from a narrow threshold between efficacy and damage due to high level op CO 2 in the film. We have demonstrated in the past that dipping table grapes in ethanol after harvest has a very pronounced effect on prevention of decay. However, ethanol is not expected to prevent latent infections from developing decay nests during prolonged storage. We now demonstrate that if we first treat grapes of cv. 'Superior' with ethanol and then subject them to MA using Xtend films, we can achieve a synergistic effect. The advantage of the Xtend film is mainly in its water conductance, which prevents accumulation of free water, often the limiting factor in MA. We also demonstrate that if undesired aftertaste does build up, one day exposure to ambient air is sufficient to remove it.
Sectoral Energy and Exergy Modeling of Turkey (1997)

A modeling technique for analyzing sectoral energy use of a country, by considering the flows of energy and exergy through the four major economic sectors (residential/commercial, industrial, transporation, and utility), is applied to Turkish sectoral energy utilization. Energy and exergy efficiencies for the four main sectors of the Turkish economy and for Turkey as a whole are obtained. The results provide insights into Turkish energy use that may assist in energy planning for that country.
Fabrication of deeply undercut GaN-based microdisk structures on silicon platforms (2007)

The authors demonstrate the use of a dry releasing technique to achieve deeply undercut GaN-based microdisk structures supported by silicon platforms. Varying dimensions of microdisk structures on silicon posts with large air gaps are fabricated by a XeF2-based dry etching of the underlying silicon material. The residual stress variation in these microdisks is studied by high spectral resolution micro-Raman mapping. Such a fabrication technique may effectively improve the light extraction efficiency from GaN-based microdisk light emitting diodes on silicon substrates.
Foam Behavior of Laundry Detergent in Rinsing Process (1987)

The relationship between the surface tension change with time and the foam volume was investigated for a system containing anionic AOS, LAS and/or nonionic alkyl or s-alkyl poly (oxyethylene) ether with alkyl chains of the same length. Dynamic and equilibrium surface tension was measured by the vibrating jet and Wilhelmy's plate methods, respectively. The anionics showed similar foam volume and surface tension change with time. In regard to the nonionics, on increase in the number of moles of ethylene oxide per molecule was found to make the equilibrium surface tension higher and foam volume smaller. As for dynamic surface tension change, some difference was noted between the alkyl and s-alkyl poly (oxyethylene) ethers. That is, the dynamic surface tension of the s-alkyl poly (oxyethylene) ethers decreased with an increase in the number of moles of ethylene oxide per molecule (abbrev. “EOp”), but that of the alkyl poly (oxyethylene) ethers remained constant regardless of EOp. In AOS/nonionics mixed systems, a s-alkyl poly (oxyethylene) ethers having a high EOp gave lower dynamic surface tension and smaller foam volume.
<title>Dynamic response of an all-fiber ring resonator to a time-varying input signal</title> (1994)

An analysis, and experimental data, of the time-dependent response of an all-fiber ring resonator are presented in which the ring is illuminated by a phase modulated input beam. The resonator is operated as a high resolution scanning spectrometer. Since the resolution limit is a function of the finesse and cavity loop length we show that it is not possible to design a high resolution ring resonator that does not produce a distorted output signal when the phase modulation rate is comparable to the response time of the ring.
Optimum Nitrogen Fertilization for Production of Containerized Raphiolepis × delacourii ‘Snow White’ (2008)

Abstract Rooted stem cuttings of ‘Snow White’ raphiolepis ( Raphiolepis × delacourii Andre ‘Snow White’) were grown in 3.8-liter (#1) black plastic containers containing a pine bark:sand (8:1, by vol) substrate. Plants were fertilized at every irrigation, for 17 weeks, with a 4:1:2 nitrogen (N):phosphorus (P):potassium (K) nutrient solution containing N at 20, 60, 100, 140, 180, 220, or 240 mg·L −1 (ppm) supplied as ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 ). Maximum top and root dry weights were achieved with N at 145 mg·L −1 . Substrate solution electrical conductivity increased linearly with increasing nitrogen application rate (NAR) with maximum growth occurring at 1.28 dS·m −1 , whereas substrate solution pH decreased linearly with increasing NAR with a pH of 5.3 at 145 mg·L −1 . Increasing the N rate beyond 145 mg·L −1 had minimal effect on top or root dry weight. Leaf area peaked at a NAR of 171 mg·L −1 with a plateau at 524 cm 2 . Leaf area increased 275% as the NAR increased from 20 to 171 mg·L −1 . Specific leaf area increased linearly with increasing NARs. Carbon allocation between tops and roots was unaffected by NARs from 60 to 280 mg·L −1 . Root:top ratio decreased 56% between the pooled NARs (60 to 240 mg·L −1 ) and N at 20 mg·L −1 . Leaf area ratio increased linearly with increasing NARs. Foliar mineral nutrient concentrations of N, P, and sulfur increased linearly with increasing NAR, whereas concentrations of K, calcium, magnesium, and copper responded quadratically to increasing NARs. Top growth increased from inadequate at a NAR of 60 mg·L −1 to optimum at 145 mg·L −1 , whereas root growth was relatively similar over the same range. At 145 mg·L −1 , mineral nutrient concentrations of the top are well within or exceed accepted levels reported, and growers can expect rapid growth of rooted cuttings.
Preparation and NMR characterization of .eta.1-N-bonded platinum(II) and palladium(II) adducts of eight-membered heterocyclic thiazenes (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and NMR characterization of .eta.1-N-bonded platinum(II) and palladium(II) adducts of eight-membered heterocyclic thiazenesTristram Chivers and Robert W. HiltsCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1992, 31, 25, 5272–5279Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00051a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00051a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views50Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Salinisphaera japonica sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from the surface of a deep-sea fish, Malacocottus gibber, and emended description of the genus Salinisphaera (2012)

A moderately halophilic, slightly acidophilic, aerobic bacterium, designated strain YTM-1(T), was isolated from the body surface of Malacocottus gibber. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, short rods or cocci, approximately 0.9-1.1 µm long and 1.0-1.8 µm wide. Strain YTM-1(T) was able to grow with 1-30% NaCl (optimum, 7.5-10%, w/v), at 4-30 °C (optimum, 20-25 °C) and at pH 3.8-9.5 (optimum, pH 5.0-5.5). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities showed that strain YTM-1(T) belonged to the genus Salinisphaera with low similarity values to the type strains of recognized species of this genus (<94.8-94.4%). The polar lipids of strain YTM-1(T) consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, three unknown phospholipids and one unknown lipid. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was Q-8. The major fatty acids were C19:0ω8c cyclo, C18:1ω7c, C16:1ω5c and C16:0. The DNA G+C content of strain YTM-1(T) was 67.3 mol%. These phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic data indicated that strain YTM-1(T) represents a novel species of the genus Salinisphaera, for which the name Salinisphaera japonica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YTM-1(T) (=JCM 18087(T)=CECT 8012(T)). An emended description of the genus Salinisphaera is also proposed.
Development of a Broad-Range 23S rDNA Real-Time PCR Assay for the Detection and Quantification of Pathogenic Bacteria in Human Whole Blood and Plasma Specimens (2013)

Molecular methods are important tools in the diagnosis of bloodstream bacterial infections, in particular in patients treated with antimicrobial therapy, due to their quick turn-around time. Here we describe a new broad-range real-time PCR targeting the 23S rDNA gene and capable to detect as low as 10 plasmid copies per reaction of targeted bacterial 23S rDNA gene. Two commercially available DNA extraction kits were evaluated to assess their efficiency for the extraction of plasma and whole blood samples spiked with different amount of either Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli, in order to find the optimal extraction method to be used. Manual QIAmp extraction method with enzyme pre-treatment resulted the most sensitive for detection of bacterial load. Sensitivity of this novel assay ranged between 10 and 10(3) CFU per PCR reaction for E. coli and S. aureus in human whole blood samples depending on the extraction methods used. Analysis of plasma samples showed a 10- to 100-fold reduction of bacterial 23S rDNA in comparison to the corresponding whole blood specimens, thus indicating that whole blood is the preferential sample type to be used in this real-time PCR protocol. Our results thus show that the 23S rDNA gene represents an optimal target for bacteria quantification in human whole blood.
Low‐Temperature TiO2‐SnO2 Phase Diagram Using the Molten‐Salt Method (1998)

The molten‐salt method has been used for low‐temperature synthesis of ceramic compounds. It has been used in the present work to determine the phase diagram of the TiO 2 ‐SnO 2 system down to 400°C, which is not possible by the conventional solid‐state annealing method. LiCl‐KCl eutectic has been used as the molten salt. The experimental procedure consists of annealing powder of the TiO 2 ‐SnO 2 solid solution in the molten‐salt eutectic for a sufficient length of time at the temperature of interest. The a and c lattice parameters have been determined for the decomposed phases by X‐ray diffractometry. The phase diagram determined in the present work has been compared with that determined by conventional solid‐state annealing methods. The phase diagram determined in the present work exhibits a wider miscibility gap compared to the gap determined by the solid‐state annealing method. This is attributed to sluggish solid‐state kinetics at lower temperatures. The phase diagram determined in the present work agrees well with a regular solution model, except for a slight deviation in the SnO 2 ‐rich portion of phase diagram above 1200°C. Scanning electron microscopy has been used to study the particle‐growth morphology. The solubility has been estimated from particle‐growth kinetics as well as from the direct‐current plasma technique. The results indicate that a modest solubility is sufficient to enhance the kinetics in the molten salt and, thereby, facilitate the determination of low‐temperature phase equilibria in ceramics.
Sound Propagation in a Fluid-Filled Tube with Massive Wall Reactance (1956)

The results of an experimental study of a relatively unfamiliar mode of propagation are presented: the zero-order mode in a tube with massive wall reactance. The observed and theoretical disperison curves, which show good agreement, display a high-pass cut-off frequency. There is a dead zone between this frequency and the ring resonant frequency of the tube. The phase velocities c2 are measured indirectly from the directivity patterns of a receiver in the form of a long rubber hose coupled to a microphone; these patterns are characterized by two symmetrical lobes whose angular separation is 2 cos−1c/c2, c being the sound velocity.
High quality statistical shape modelling of the human nasal cavity and applications (2018)

The human nose is a complex organ that shows large morphological variations and has many important functions. However, the relation between shape and function is not yet fully understood. In this work, we present a high quality statistical shape model of the human nose based on clinical CT data of 46 patients. A technique based on cylindrical parametrization was used to create a correspondence between the nasal shapes of the population. Applying principal component analysis on these corresponded nasal cavities resulted in an average nasal geometry and geometrical variations, known as principal components, present in the population with a high precision. The analysis led to 46 principal components, which account for 95% of the total geometrical variation captured. These variations are first discussed qualitatively, and the effect on the average nasal shape of the first five principal components is visualized. Hereafter, by using this statistical shape model, two application examples that lead to quantitative data are shown: nasal shape in function of age and gender, and a morphometric analysis of different anatomical regions. Shape models, as the one presented here, can help to get a better understanding of nasal shape and variation, and their relationship with demographic data.
The Wall-Bound Phenolics of Chinese Water Chestnut (Eleocharisdulcis) (1996)

Chinese water chestnut (CWC) is a vegetable in which the edible storage parenchyma exhibits thermal stability to texture. This property has been attributed to the presence of large quantities of simple phenolics which exhibit pH-dependent autofluorescence. The identities of the major phenolic components were assessed by reverse-phase HPLC after sequentially extracting them with increasing strengths of alkali from purified CWC cell wall material. The levels of cold-alkali-liberated phenolics were very high (12·2 mg g−1 cell wall material). Ferulic acid dominated the monomeric phenol fraction (7·2 mg g−1), although small quantities of aldehydes were also released. A number of different diferulic acids were also identified, of which the 8-O-4′-linked form was the major component (2·8 mg g−1), with 8,5′-diferulic acid and the familiar 5,5′-form also present in smaller quantities (910 and 988 μg g−1, respectively). Hence, approximately 40% of the ferulic acid in the wall was present as dimers which are potentially available to form extensive, heat-resistant cross-links between polysaccharides within the wall, and between cells.
Vinyl Derivatives of Metals. XVI. Addition of Silicon and Tin Hydrides to B-Trivinyl-N-triphenylborazine (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVinyl Derivatives of Metals. XVI. Addition of Silicon and Tin Hydrides to B-Trivinyl-N-triphenylborazineDietmar Seyferth and Minoru TakamizawaCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1963, 2, 4, 731–733Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50008a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50008a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views32Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>Single-mode grating waveguide laser radiatively coupled with large-pumping volume</title> (1997)

The spectral properties of corrugated waveguide structures comprising a thin high index waveguiding layer, and a thick lower index slab volume are reported. It is shown that a wavelength filter based on this structure can be realized. Laser generation in the structure with an active thick slab is experimentally demonstrated. Several possible schemes of distributed feedback are discussed.