gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental and clinical studies on the thermosensitivity test by using the succinate dehydrogenase inhibition test. (1993)

Hyperthermia is now widely used to treat patients with clinical malignancy. As the clinical effect of hyperthermia varies with patients, it is advisable to determine the sensitivity for hyperthermia in individual patients. In order to develope a thermosensitivity test, we applied SDI test which is based on correlation between the succinate dehydrogenase activity with viabillity of cancer cells, and discussed the usefullness and problems of this test in vitro thermosensitivity test.The appropriate conditions for the SDI test as thermosensitivity test were studied with respect to incubation time and incubation temperature using several cell lines. Appropriate conditions for heating time and duration were determined to be 43.0°C for 20 hours, in which SD activity of cells after heat treatment was correalated with cell viability. Sensitivity to heat was significantly higher in human tumor tissues such as gastric, colorectal and esophageal cancer than that in normal tissues. Survival rates of patients with esophagel cancer who underwent preoperative hyperthermochemoradiation and then operation were highly correlated with in vitro thermoradiosensitivity.Our study suggest that this test is useful for evaluating the thermal effectiveness in the clinical situation.
125 Study on Particle Detection for Patterned Wafers by Evanescent Light Illumination : Evanescent Light Scattering Simulation by means of FDTD Method (2003)

The conventional defects inspection technology can't apply to an inspection technique of patterned wafers for the next generation semiconductors, because of physical limits imposed by the wavelength of incident beam. So, we attend to particles existing on the patterned wafer that particularly affects the yield and propose new optical detection for evaluating the nano-particles by using evanescent light based on near field optics. In this paper, to verify the feasibility of this proposed method, computer simulation was performed by means of FDTD method based on Maxwell's equations. The results show that the proposed method is effective for detecting particle (100nm in a diameter) on patterned wafer of 100nm lines and spaces.
Synthesis and DNA Strand Breakage Activity of Some 1,4-Diazepines. (2003)

Reactions of 1,3-propanediamine with alpha-dicarbonyl compounds (1a-e) were examined and various condensed heterocyclic compounds such as 1,4-diazepines (2) and 3-pyrimidine derivatives (3) were obtained. Some of 1,4-diazepines (2) showed DNA strand breakage activity.
Evaluation of Factors Affecting Vehicle Emission Compliance Using Regional Inspection and Maintenance Program Data (2006)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In-use vehicle regional inspection and maintenance (I/M) programs in the United States (US) and Canada generate a tremendous volume of data that provides a means for evaluating vehicle emissions compliance in actual consumer use. In this study, IM240 test data for several 1996 to 2001 vehicle models are analyzed from different regional programs in the US and Canada to confirm the suitability of using these data for evaluation of vehicles equipped with advanced emission control technology and to examine the various potential factors responsible for emissions noncompliance. Relative comparisons between US and Canadian program data are made for vehicle models used in the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers (AAM) MMT® Test Program to examine the potential impact of differences in fuel properties on consumer experience and vehicle compliance. The compliance rate during IM240 testing is additionally examined for a number of 2000 and 2001 models that were certified by EPA with emissions levels equal to or less than Tier 2 Bin 5 standards. The totality of these analyses demonstrate the continued compatibility of the gasoline additive MMT® in consumer or in-use vehicles equipped with advanced emission control technologies.</div>
Laminar and non-laminar flow in geosynthetic and granular drains (2012)

ABSTRACT: Hydraulic transmissivity tests on common geosynthetic and granular drainage materials (e.g. geonets and gravel) show that the hydraulic transmissivity of these materials often depends heavily on the hydraulic gradient, which indicates that the flow is non-laminar. Despite the non-laminar nature of flow in these materials, Darcy's equation and equations derived from Darcy's equation are extensively used for the design of geosynthetic and granular drainage systems, even though these equations are strictly valid only for laminar flow. Therefore it is important to identify the drainage materials and flow conditions for which the flow is laminar in order to evaluate the applicability of Darcy's equation. In classical hydrodynamics, the conditions for laminar flow are generally described in terms of a limiting Reynolds number. This paper provides guidance for Reynolds number calculation in geosynthetic and granular drains, and presents a methodology to establish the conditions for laminar flow as a function of the Reynolds number. Numerical applications of the methodology show that, for typical hydraulic gradients used in hydraulic transmissivity tests in the laboratory and encountered in drainage layers in the field, flow is generally laminar in needle-punched nonwoven geotextiles and sand, whereas it is generally non-laminar in geonets and gravel. However, in the case of geonets adjacent to geotextiles (such as in geocomposites), the flow becomes closer to laminar conditions as the geotextile progressively intrudes into the geonet channels under increasing values of the applied normal stresses. Practical recommendations are given for the use of Darcy's equation and equations derived from Darcy's equation to obtain approximate solutions when flow is not laminar.
Relationships between the proton nuclear magnetic resonance properties of plasma lipoproteins and cancer (1991)

We conducted a comprehensive investigation of the origin of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) lineshape variability of plasma lipids among healthy individuals and those with cancer. The methyl and methylene resonances of lipid in human plasma, whose linewidths have been reported to correlate with the presence of malignancy, are composed of the overlapping resonances of "mobile" protons from the major lipoproteins (very-low-, low-, and high-density lipoproteins). We tested two hypotheses for the origin of the narrower plasma linewidths observed for cancer patients: (a) malignancy-associated differences in the spectral properties (chemical shift, lineshape) of one or more of the lipoproteins, and (b) differences in the fraction of lipoprotein lipid giving rise to detectable NMR signal. Analysis of the concentrations of lipoprotein lipid and of 500 MHz NMR spectra of the lipoprotein constituents in greater than 100 plasma samples failed to provide support for either hypothesis. Although linewidths were found to be significantly narrower for the cancer group, the difference is entirely attributable to differences in the concentrations of the lipoproteins.
Infinitely Adaptive Transition Metal Oxychalcogenides: The Modulated Structures of Ce<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>MnSe<sub>2</sub> and (Ce<sub>0.78</sub>La<sub>0.22</sub>)<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>MnSe<sub>2</sub> (2015)

This article reports the syntheses, structures, and physical properties of the oxychalcogenides (Ce1–xLax)2O2MnSe2 with x = 0–0.7. These materials have a layered structure related to that of the LaOFeAs-derived superconductors but with the transition metal sites 50% occupied. Ce2O2MnSe2 contains alternating layers of composition: [Ce2O2]2+ and [MnSe2]2–. The size mismatch between the layers leads to an incommensurate structure with a modulation vector of q = αa*+ 0b*+0.5c* with α = 0.158(1), which can be described with a (3 + 1)D superspace structural model in superspace group Cmme(α,0,1/2)0s0 [67.12]. There is a strong modulation of Mn site occupancies, leading to a mixture of corner- and edge-sharing MnSe4/2 tetrahedra in the [MnSe2]2– layers. The modulation vector can be controlled by partial substitution of Ce3+ for larger La3+, and a simple commensurate case was obtained for (Ce0.78La0.22)2O2MnSe2 with α = 1/6. The materials respond to the change in relative size of the oxide and chalcogenide blocks by varying the ratio of corner- to edge-sharing tetrahedra. The superspace model lets us unify the structural description of the five different ordering patterns reported to date for different Ln2O2MSe2 (Ln = lanthanide) materials. Mn moments in Ce2O2MnSe2 and (Ce0.78La0.22)2O2MnSe2 order antiferromagnetically below TN = 150 K, and Ce moments order below ∼70 K. The magnetic structures of both materials have been determined using neutron diffraction. Both materials are semiconductors; Ce2O2MnSe2 has σ = 9 × 10–6 Ω–1 cm–1 at room temperature and an activation energy for charge carrier mobility from RT to 170 °C of ∼0.4 eV.
Development and testing of an extended interval dosing nomogram for gentamicin in neonates (2000)

Assessment of ecological status for the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) is based on "Biological Quality Elements" (BQEs), namely phytoplankton, benthic flora, benthic invertebrates and fish. Morphological identification of these organisms is a time-consuming and expensive procedure. Here, we assess the options for complementing and, perhaps, replacing morphological identification with procedures using eDNA, metabarcoding or similar approaches. We rate the applicability of DNA-based identification for the individual BQEs and water categories (rivers, lakes, transitional and coastal waters) against eleven criteria, summarised under the headlines representativeness (for example suitability of current sampling methods for DNA-based identification, errors from DNA-based species detection), sensitivity (for example capability to detect sensitive taxa, unassigned reads), precision of DNA-based identification (knowledge about uncertainty), comparability with conventional approaches (for example sensitivity of metrics to differences in DNA-based identification), cost effectiveness and environmental impact. Overall, suitability of DNA-based identification is particularly high for fish, as eDNA is a well-suited sampling approach which can replace expensive and potentially harmful methods such as gill-netting, trawling or electrofishing. Furthermore, there are attempts to replace absolute by relative abundance in metric calculations. For invertebrates and phytobenthos, the main challenges include the modification of indices and completing barcode libraries. For phytoplankton, the barcode libraries are even more problematic, due to the high taxonomic diversity in plankton samples. If current assessment concepts are kept, DNA-based identification is least appropriate for macrophytes (rivers, lakes) and angiosperms/macroalgae (transitional and coastal waters), which are surveyed rather than sampled. We discuss general implications of implementing DNA-based identification into standard ecological assessment, in particular considering any adaptations to the WFD that may be required to facilitate the transition to molecular data.
Analysis of the Fusion of XC Cells Induced by Homogenates of Murine Leukemia Virus-Infected Cells and by Purified Murine Leukemia Virus (1971)

The fusion of XC cells induced by murine leukemia virus (MuLV)-infected cells is also induced by homogenates prepared from the infected cells and by purified MuLV. The fusion-inducing factor appears to contain a heat-labile lipoprotein. No synthesis of specific macromolecules by the XC cells is necessary to obtain fusion. The results suggest that specific components of the viral particle are the activators for the fusion process and they may also be present in the membranes of infected cells.
Automatic Removal of Ocular Artifacts in the EEG without an EOG Reference Channel (2006)

This paper presents a method for removing electroocular (EOG) artifacts in the electroencephalogram (EEG). The procedure is based on blind source separation (BSS) and, in contrast to methods already available in the literature, it is completely automated and does not require the availability of peri-ocular EOG electrodes. The proposed approach removed most EOG artifacts in 6 long-term EEG recordings containing epilectic seizures without distorting the recorded ictal activity
Reexamination of Origin of Electric Charge on Migration Particles Used for Electrophoretic Displays (2006)

Few reports have presented a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the migration mechanism in electrophoretic display. Theories for aqueous liquids are usually applied to explain the migration mechanism, although electrophoretic displays use non-aqueous liquids. As a result, there are no reasonable guidelines for choosing appropriate materials of particles or liquids for electrophoretic displays. We focus here on the roles of the few ions contained in the liquid used for electrophoretic displays; the role of the ions is essential in determining the migration mechanism in aqueous liquids. We examine the influence of ion density in non-aqueous liquids on the characteristics of electrophoretic migration, and reveal that mobility increases when the density of ions in the liquids is reduced; this result cannot be explained by the conventional theory created for aqueous liquids. Our examination also reveals that migration particles have the same polarities in the liquids as in air. Our conclusion doesn't agree with the conventional explanation of the migration mechanism of electrophoretic displays, which adopts the theory intended for aqueous liquids.
Image Formation by Photolysis of Silver Salts of Carboxylic Acids. (1994)

プリント回路パターン形成用感光材料として10種以上のカルボン酸銀塩を合成し,感光特性を検討した。これらは紫外線照射によつて光分解を起こし,銀を析出して無電解銅めつきの触媒活性を呈するが,感度,成膜性,熱安定性の点からグルタミン酸二銀が最も適した感光材料であった。これらの感光材料は無機酸化物によつて化学増感が可能であり,中でも酸化亜鉛は100倍の増感作用を示し,かつ定着が容易な増感剤として有効であった。光感度にはカルボン酸イオンのイオン化ポテンシャルが関与している。
Combination Therapy for NIDDM With Biosynthetic Human Insulin and Glyburide (1992)

Glyburide reduces insulin requirements for 20 wk of combination therapy in NIDDM patients. Patients whose initial insulin requirement is less than or equal to 25 U have a 50% chance of achieving equivalent glycemic control on glyburide alone.
Modulation of IFN-??-induced immunogenicity by phosphatidylethanolamine-linked hyaluronic acid1 (2002)

Our study provides experimental evidence that HYPE has immunosuppressive features. This makes the compound an interesting candidate as an immunosuppressive drug, not only in organ transplantation, but also in diseases where IFN-gamma is overexpressed.
Abstract IA10: Activating innate and adaptive immunity to improve outcome for “cold” tumors (2020)

Abstract Unlike some adult cancers, most pediatric cancers are considered immunologically cold and generally less responsive to immunotherapy. Anti-GD2 mAb plus cytokine-based immunotherapy has already been incorporated into standard-of-care treatment for pediatric patients with high-risk neuroblastoma achieving remission. However, overall survival remains poor. We are pursuing clinical and preclinical studies to engage innate and adaptive immune responses against immunologically cold tumors. In a recent trial of adjuvant/neoadjuvant anti-GD2 mAb + IL2 (in the form of the hu14.18-IL2 immunocytokine) for advanced resectable melanoma, we evaluated whole-genome transcriptomics (using RNAseq determined immunologic signatures found to be predictive of outcome for patients with neuroblastoma) on resected tumors. The immunologic signatures were highly correlated with overall survival and relapse-free survival for tumors obtained 2 weeks after starting hu14.18-IL2, but not for tumors obtained 2 weeks before starting hu14.18-IL2. In a “functionally cold” mouse melanoma model, we found that radiation and hu14.18-IL2 immunocytokine generate an in situ vaccination-induced adaptive immune response in syngeneic mice bearing large tumors. In contrast, this same approach was not effective in mice bearing a very cold, low-tumor-mutation burden, MYCN driven syngeneic neuroblastoma (9464D-GD2). The addition of checkpoint blockade (IgG2a anti-CTLA-4) was not able to induce tumor eradication. However, the further addition of CpG (as a “danger signal”) and agonist anti-CD40 mAb (as an activator of effector macrophages and of dendritic cells) resulted in tumor-free mice with immune memory. These results suggest that immune activation, with “off the shelf” reagents, may be applicable to the treatment of cold cancers, via innate/adaptive immune engagement. They also suggest that monitoring of intratumoral immune activation could potentially become a useful predictor of which patients will respond to their therapy and which will require additional or alternate therapy. Citation Format: Paul M. Sondel. Activating innate and adaptive immunity to improve outcome for “cold” tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research; 2019 Sep 17-20; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(14 Suppl):Abstract nr IA10.
Clinical and cytogenetic responses to amonafide in secondary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (2006)

6584 Background: Patients (pts) with secondary AML (AML following an antecedent hematologic disorder or following known exposure to leukemogenic agents) are often elderly, with comorbid illness, and have a dismal prognosis. Secondary AML responds poorly to standard chemotherapy, with low response rates and short durations of remission. Amonafide (Am) is an ATP independent topoisomerase 2 inhibitor that in prior clinical studies had myelosuppression as the dose-limiting toxicity. Two phase 1 trials evaluated Am as either a single agent or in combination with ara-C in pts with relapsed/refractory or secondary AML. This retrospective review was performed to assess the activity of Am specifically in pts with secondary AML. Methods: In study AM-03, 5 pts with secondary AML were treated with a fixed dose (1000, 1100, or 1400 mg/m 2 /day) of Am IV over 2 hrs daily × 5. In study AM-04, 15 pts with secondary AML were treated with ara-C 200 mg/m 2 /day CIV days 1–7 and a fixed dose (600, 700 or 800 mg/m 2 /d) of Am IV over 2 hrs daily on days 1–5. All clinical trial data were reviewed for assessment of hematological and cytogenetic response. Results: Across the two studies, 10 of 20 (50%) pts responded to Am (9 CR, 1 CRi). In study AM-03 (Am monotherapy), 3 of 5 (60%) pts responded, with median duration of response 7.5 months (range 2.5 - 8). None of these 3 pts received additional post-remission therapy. In study AM-04 (Am + ara-C), 7 of 15 pts (47%) responded, with median duration of response 8 months (range 1 ¾ to >60 months). 4 of these 7 pts received additional post-remission therapy. Cytogenetic analysis prior to and following Am therapy was available for 9 of the 10 pts with secondary AML who responded to Am in the 2 studies. Cytogenetics were abnormal prior to Am therapy in 5 of these 9 pts, 3 (60%) of whom achieved cytogenetic CR. Conclusions: Am shows significant activity in secondary AML, both as monotherapy and in combination with ara-C. A phase 2 trial of Am + ara-C in pts with secondary AML is currently enrolling patients. [Table: see text]
The Effect of Ergothioneine on Clastogenic Potential and Mutagenic Activity (2011)

L-(+)-ergothioneine has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and in vivo and has uses as a dietary supplement and as an ingredient in foods, cosmetics, and as a pharmaceutical additive. The clastogenic potential and mutagenic of ergothioneine were assessed in vitro and in vivo. Ergothioneine concentrations up to 5000 μg/mL, with and without metabolic activation, was tested in the chromosome aberration assay with CHL cells and found not to induce structural chromosome aberrations. In the in vivo mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test, ergothioneine was administered orally to male mice at doses up to 1500 mg/kg for potential genotoxic activity. No increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was observed. Overall, ergothioneine was not genotoxic in these studies and provides additional experimental evidence supporting the safety of its use as a potential dietary supplement.
Facilities for exploring molecular biology databases on the Web: a comparative study. (1997)

We discuss criteria for evaluating and comparing the main facilities provided by molecular biology databases (MBDs) for exploring (that is, retrieving and interpreting data) on the Web. We use these criteria for examining the facilities supported by typical MBDs such as Genbank, AtDB, GSDB, GDB, and MGD (as of September 5, 1996).
Preparation and Properties of Super-conducting Thin Films of β-Tungsten Structure Compounds (1970)

Superconducting compounds having the β-tungsten (A15) structure are important materials for use at extremely high magnetic fields. One of these, Nb3(Al0.8Ge0.2), has a superconducting transition temperature of 21 K, the highest known. High purity sputtering techniques developed to prepare Nb-Al-Ge compounds for the first time in the technologically advantageous, thin film form will be described. These techniques include processing of the vacuum enclosure to reach pressures of ∼10−10 Torr, sputtering with very high purity argon, and monitoring the impurity level in the system while sputtering by sampling the effluent gas and analyzing it with a quadrupole mass filter. Use of these techniques has resulted in the first successful deposition of superconducting Nb-Al-Ge films with the β-tungsten structure, as verified by x-ray diffraction. The properties of these films in magnetic fields up to 220 kOe will be discussed in terms of current theory.
Human SP‐A and a pharmacy‐grade porcine lung surfactant extract can be reconstituted into tubular myelin – a comparative structural study of alveolar surfactants using cryo‐transmission electron microscopy (2003)

Cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) is a rather artefact-free method, well suited to study the alveolar surfactant system. A pharmacy grade porcine lung surfactant extract (HL-10) was mixed with human SP-A and Ringer's solution (for calcium ions), and it was shown by cryo-TEM that the tubular myelin (TM) type of structure was reconstituted. These aggregates were associated to liposomal aggregates, and resulted in macroscopic phase-separation. This phase showed a weak birefringence in the polarising microscope, which is characteristic for a liquid-crystalline type of structure. TM from rabbit lung lavage was also examined, and showed the same periodic arrangement of bilayers as alveolar surface layer from freshly cut rabbit lungs deposited directly on the cryo-TEM grids. The distance between the bilayers of TM was 40-50 nm, and an electron dense material, assumed to be SP-A, was sometimes seen to occur periodically along the bilayers, oriented perpendicularly to the tubuli. The results are consistent with the surface-phase model of the alveolar lining.
Compositional Characteristics of Relative Disordered Regions in Proteins (1994)

We have investigated the characteristics of high B-factor (disordered) regions within otherwise well-resolved protein structures. We find that amino acids K, S, Q, A, D, E, P, N, D, and R occur more frequently in disordered regions, 40% of disordered residues are in coil conformation (with 30% in a regular repeating secondary structure), and that disordered amino acids make on average 1.7 fewer intramolecular contacts than ordered residues. B-factors do not correlate at all with measures designed to predict surface accessibility, hydrophobicity or flexibility.