gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transfer of the Brazilian species Calathea dorothyae to the genus Goeppertia (Marantaceae) (2012)

The genus Goeppertia has recently been redefined morphologically and now incorporates most species previously described as Calathea. Most species have already been transferred, but Calathea dorothyae was more recently described and is hereby transferred to Goeppertia.
An Efficient Information Hiding Scheme Based on Closest Paired Tree Structure Vector Quantization (2013)

Information hiding schemes based on vector quantization (VQ) usually require lengthy VQ encoding and decoding processes. In this paper, we propose an efficient information hiding method based on closest paired tree structure vector quantization (CPTSVQ). The simulation result shows that the execution time of the proposed scheme is much shorter than that attained by previous approaches.
Plaque psoriasis vs. atopic dermatitis and lichen planus: a comparison for lesional T-cell subsets, epidermal proliferation and differentiation (2005)

Psoriatic epidermis exhibits a pronounced CD8+ epidermotropism with accompanying epidermal hyperproliferation and abnormal keratinization, which changes are only minimally expressed in atopic dermatitis and lichen planus. In plaque psoriasis, substantially fewer activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the dermis and less CD45RO+ T cells in the epidermis are present in comparison with lichen ruber planus.
Breast boost: Are we missing the target? (2003)

Clinical delineation of the tumor bed not only carries a significant risk of missing the target, but unnecessarily treats breast tissue that may otherwise be spared. Better delineation of the tumor bed, which optimizes coverage of the target volume and spares normal breast tissue, has the potential to improve both local control and cosmetic outcome. The authors recommend the use of surgical clips to delineate the target volume, followed by CT-based treatment planning, accounting for not only microscopic disease, but also organ motion and daily setup error.
Molecular, genetic and transcriptional evidence for a role of VvAGL11 in stenospermocarpic seedlessness in grapevine (2011)

We propose that VvAGL11 is the major functional candidate gene for seedlessness, and we provide experimental evidence suggesting that the seedless phenotype might be caused by variations in its promoter region. Current knowledge of the function of its orthologous genes, its expression profile in Vitis varieties and the strong association between its sequence variation and the degree of seedlessness together indicate that the D-lineage MADS-box gene VvAGL11 corresponds to the Seed Development Inhibitor locus described earlier as a major locus for seedlessness. These results provide new hypotheses for further investigations of the molecular mechanisms involved in seed and berry development.
Adjustment formulae for maternal serum alpha‐fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, and unconjugated oestriol to maternal weight and smoking (1993)

Serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and unconjugated oestriol (uE3) were measured in serum samples of 4131 non-smoking and 1018 smoking women during the second trimester of pregnancy. The levels of all three analytes decreased with increasing body weight. The AFP median was significantly increased in smokers in a dose-response association; hCG decreased by 21 per cent and uE3 decreased by 3 per cent in smokers in a non-dose-related fashion. Regression functions for adjustment of serum levels for weight and smoking should be considered in risk estimation for Down syndrome in order to give a woman's individual risk more precisely.
Albireo: An Interactive Tool for Visually Summarizing Computational Notebook Structure (2019)

Computational notebooks have become a major medium for data exploration and insight communication in data science. Although expressive, dynamic, and flexible, in practice they are loose collections of scripts, charts, and tables that rarely tell a story or clearly represent the analysis process. This leads to a number of usability issues, particularly in the comprehension and exploration of notebooks. In this work, we design, implement, and evaluate Albireo, a visualization approach to summarize the structure of notebooks, with the goal of supporting more effective exploration and communication by displaying the dependencies and relationships between the cells of a notebook using a dynamic graph structure. We evaluate the system via a case study and expert interviews, with our results indicating that such a visualization is useful for an analyst's self-reflection during exploratory programming, and also effective for communication of narratives and collaboration between analysts.
Construction of LDPC Codes Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning (2018)

This paper proposes a novel deep reinforcement learning method for constructing low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. In this method, both deep neural network trained by reinforcement learning and Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) are combined to discover edge growth routes without any human-defined knowledge. Due to the great ability of prediction shown by deep reinforcement learning, the proposed method has a long-term vision for constructing codes with a potential of better performance compared with the traditional computer-search-based methods. In addition, the proposed method is flexible for constructing codes with different parameters.
Oleo chemicals as additives in paints and varnishes, etc: Part 1 (1990)

Oleochemicals are derivatives of the components of vegetable, marine and animal oils and fats, glycerides, i.e. glycerol and fatty acids substantially, and include the fatty acids such as and their derivatives including fatty alcohols, fatty esters, amides, amines and other nitrogen derivatives and also the heavy metal soaps and the water soluble alkali metal soaps, polyoxyethylated materials, polyoxypropylated products, sulphated and sulphonated derivatives and the quarternary ammonium compounds. Although only normally used in small amounts, oleo chemicals are amongst the important raw materials, additives, for aiding the production of paints, capable of having a profound effect in these preparations.
Biomolecular Films (2003)

Designing functional biomolecular films on electrodes, James F. Rusling and Zhe Zhang electrochemistry of redox-active protein films immobilized on self-assembled monolayers of organothiols, Katsumi Niki and Brian W. Gregory biomimetic membranes on metal supports, John T. Elliott, Curtis W. Meuse, Vitalii Silin, Susan Krueger, John T. Woodward, Teresa Petralli-Mallow, and Anne L. Plant peptide and protein-based biomolecular assemblies - physical and chemical characterization for optimal function, Paul W. Bohn surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy - applications in protein adsorption and electrochemistry, Shaopeng Wang, Salah Boussaad, and Nongjian J. Tao characterization of biomolecular interfaces with scanning electrochemical microscopy - from model monolayers to tissues and cells, Anna L. Whitworth, Catherine E. Gardner, Julie V., Macpherson, Patrick R. Unwin, and Jie Zhang layered protein films - quartz crystal resonator frequency and admittance analysis, ,E.J. Calvo, C. Danilowicz, E. Forzani, A. Wolosiuk, and M. Otero nano-sized thin films for enzyme reactors, Katsuhiko Ariga, Yoshihiro Sasaki, and Jun-ichi Kikuchi biomimetic nanoparticle synthesis, Janos H. Fendler biosensors, Anthony J. Killard and Malcolm R. Smyth modified electrodes for the oxidation of NADH, Evelyne Simon and Philip N. Bartlett DNA-based sensors, Michael J. Tarlov and Adam B. Steel.
Seeking real causes of the European crisis (2012)

Europe has become - for many people rather rapidly and unexpectedly - a problematic region. The majority of foreign observers and commentators were not prepared for that. They started to pay closer attention to Europe as late as in the last two years in the moment of the explicit Eurozone debt crisis because they - quite incorrectly - considered even the 2008 - 09 crisis a global crisis, which means a non-European crisis. This was, however, not the case. It was a European and North American crisis, not a global one. The previous, very problematic developments in Europe were evidently underestimated.
High-definition television systems (1985)

Fifteen years ago, in 1970, the NHK (the Japan Broadcasting Corporation) forecast today's information society and started research and development of a high-resolution and wide-screen television system which we now call high-definition television (HDTV) system, to produce a new television system most suitable to the creation of "video culture of the future." Wide ranging studies have been carried out by NHK on the establishment of desirable picture quality, picture aspect, and signal standards for transmission. The provisional HDTV system proposed by NHK based on the result of many studies and the performances of the system are described. Early in 1984, the MUSE system has been developed by NHK and the desirable HDTV information can be compressed with 8 MHz and packed with this system. Thanks to the development of the MUSE system, there is the potential of HDTV broadcasting via satellite and early introduction of HDTV into package media such as video discs and videotapes. The NHK's HDTV system was designed to match many other applications. Many kinds of HDTV equipment have been developed in Japan and HDTV is approached and studied in the relation to various aspects such as electrocinematography, printing, and medicine. NHK has been working on the development of the entire broadcasting system of HDTV to unite the whole world into one "television community" in the coming generation by a worldwide single standard. Video engineers all over the world should be aware of the importance of every possible effort toward the establishment of a global HDTV system.
Improving Self-Efficacy in Statistics: Role of Self-Explanation & Feedback (2010)

Novice problem solvers often fail to recognize structural similarities between problems they know and a new problem because they are more concerned with the surface features rather than the structural features of the problem. The surface features are the story line of the problem whereas the structural features involve the relationships between objects in the problem. We used an online technology to investigate whether students' self-explanations and reception of feedback influenced recognition of similarities between surface features and structural features of statistical problems. On average students in our experimental group gave 12 comments in the form of self-explanation and peer feedback. Students in this Feedback group showed statistically significantly higher problem scores over the No-Feedback group; however, the mean self-efficacy scores were lower for both groups after the problem solving experiment. The incongruence in problem scores with self-efficacy scores was attributed to students' over-rating of their abilities prior to actually performing the tasks. This process of calibration was identified as an explanation for the statistically significant positive correlation between problem solving scores and post self efficacy scores for the Feedback group (p < .01).
[Progress of Detection Technology of Ultra-Broadband THz Time-Domain Spectroscopy]. (2016)

Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is one of the effective coherent detection techniques. It has been widely applied in materials, chemistry, biology, security and other fields due to its capabilities such as high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), broadband detection, working at room temperature, time resolved measurement and others. Limited by the spectrum bandwidth of THz radiation and detection techniques, the measuring range of the traditional THz-TDS system is generally less than several THz, thus the spectral information of high frequencies cannot be obtained. In order to expand its application, there is an urgent need for the development of ultra-broadband (≥10 THz) THz-TDS detection techniques. This paper reviews the development and applications of main detection techniques in ultra-broadband THz-TDS. The advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are also analyzed.
Predicting commercially available antiviral drugs that may act on the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) through a drug-target interaction deep learning model (2020)

The infection of a novel coronavirus found in Wuhan of China (SARS-CoV-2) is rapidly spreading, and the incidence rate is increasing worldwide. Due to the lack of effective treatment options for SARS-CoV-2, various strategies are being tested in China, including drug repurposing. In this study, we used our pre-trained deep learning-based drug-target interaction model called Molecule Transformer-Drug Target Interaction (MT-DTI) to identify commercially available drugs that could act on viral proteins of SARS-CoV-2. The result showed that atazanavir, an antiretroviral medication used to treat and prevent the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is the best chemical compound, showing an inhibitory potency with <i>K<sub>d</sub></i> of 94.94 nM against the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like proteinase, followed by remdesivir (113.13 nM), efavirenz (199.17 nM), ritonavir (204.05 nM), and dolutegravir (336.91 nM). Interestingly, lopinavir, ritonavir, and darunavir are all designed to target viral proteinases. However, in our prediction, they may also bind to the replication complex components of SARS-CoV-2 with an inhibitory potency with <i>K<sub>d</sub></i> < 1000 nM. In addition, we also found that several antiviral agents, such as Kaletra (lopinavir/ritonavir), could be used for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Overall, we suggest that the list of antiviral drugs identified by the MT-DTI model should be considered, when establishing effective treatment strategies for SARS-CoV-2.
Key Issues in the Modes of Action and Effects of Trichloroethylene Metabolites for Liver and Kidney Tumorigenesis (2006)

Trichloroethylene (TCE) exposure has been associated with increased risk of liver and kidney cancer in both laboratory animal and epidemiologic studies. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2001 draft TCE risk assessment concluded that it is difficult to determine which TCE metabolites may be responsible for these effects, the key events involved in their modes of action (MOAs) , and the relevance of these MOAs to humans. In this article, which is part of a mini-monograph on key issues in the health risk assessment of TCE, we present a review of recently published scientific literature examining the effects of TCE metabolites in the context of the preceding questions. Studies of the TCE metabolites dichloroacetic acid (DCA) , trichloroacetic acid (TCA) , and chloral hydrate suggest that both DCA and TCA are involved in TCE-induced liver tumorigenesis and that many DCA effects are consistent with conditions that increase the risk of liver cancer in humans. Studies of S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl) -l-cysteine have revealed a number of different possible cell signaling effects that may be related to kidney tumorigenesis at lower concentrations than those leading to cytotoxicity. Recent studies of trichloroethanol exploring an alternative hypothesis for kidney tumorigenesis have failed to establish the formation of formate as a key event for TCE-induced kidney tumors. Overall, although MOAs and key events for TCE-induced liver and kidney tumors have yet to be definitively established, these results support the likelihood that toxicity is due to multiple metabolites through several MOAs, none of which appear to be irrelevant to humans.
Affinity and Conflict-Aware Placement of Virtual Machines in Heterogeneous Data Centers (2015)

Virtual machine placement (VMP) problem has been a key issue in IaaS/PaaS cloud infrastructures. Many recent works on VMP prove that inter-VM relations such as memory share, traffic dependency and resource competition should be seriously considered to save energy, increase the performance of infrastructure, reduce service level agreement violation rates and provide better administrative capabilities to the cloud provider. However, most existing works consider the inter-VM relations without taking the heterogeneity of cloud data centers into account. In practice, heterogeneous physical machines (PM) in a heterogeneous data center are often partitioned into logical groups for load balancing and specific services, cloud users always assigned their VMs with specific PM requirements, which make the inter-VM relations far more complex. In this paper, we propose an efficient solution for VMP with inter-VM relation constraints in a heterogeneous data center. The experimental results prove that our solution can efficiently solve the complex problem with an acceptable runtime.
Analytical Techniques for Drug Detection in Oral Fluid (2008)

Analytical techniques for detection of drugs in oral fluid (OF) are reviewed with emphasis on applications used in European Union (EU) roadside testing projects. Oral fluid is readily accessible and collectible. It has become an interesting material because no medical personnel are needed for sampling. This matrix is especially applicable for preliminary drug testing in driving under the influence controls and for monitoring illicit drug use in drug treatment. Oral fluid is also an increasingly used specimen in epidemiologic studies and in workplace drug testing. Drugs are present at lower levels in OF than in urine. The window of detection of drugs in OF reflects the corresponding window in blood, suggesting OF as a specimen of choice for roadside testing. Saliva/blood ratios vary from drug to drug, from person to person, and even intraindividually making therapeutic drug monitoring in OF challenging. Several sensitive methods for drug testing in OF have been developed during the last years.
Infrared Thermal Imaging for Automated Detection of Diabetic Foot Complications (2013)

With an algorithm based on parameters that can be captured and analyzed with a high-resolution infrared camera and a computer, it is possible to detect signs of diabetic foot disease and to discriminate between no, local, or diffuse diabetic foot complications. As such, an intelligent telemedicine monitoring system for noninvasive automated detection of signs of diabetic foot disease is one step closer. Future studies are essential to confirm and extend these promising early findings.
Estimation of activity energy expenditure based on activity classification using multi-site triaxial accelerometry (2008)

A wireless networked multi-site triaxial accelerometry system has been devised to estimate activity energy expenditure during daily life. A notable feature of the devised system is the utilisation of activity classification based on multi-site acceleration signals. During performance evaluation tests on a single subject, the proposed method showed higher correlation (adjusted R2=0.952) and smaller estimation deviation (0.76 kcal/min) than two methods without activity classification (multi-site case: adjusted R2=0.924, estimation deviation=0.892 kcal/min and single-site case: adjusted R2=0.855, estimation deviation=1.18 kcal/min).
Plowshare at the Crossroads (1970)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsGerald W. Johnson"There is no doubt that applications requiring explosions larger than a few kilotons can be usefully attacked using nuclear explosives. But for such uses to become commercial will require the establishment of regulatory guidelines… for concentrations of radioactivity by isotope which can be introduced into commerce…. In addition, the Atomic Energy Act will need modification to permit industry to acquire explosions under appropriate security and safety measures for their own purposes." Gerald W. Johnson is manager of the Explosives Engineering Services of Gulf General Atomic. He has been associate director for weapons testing and peaceful applications of nuclear energy at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, University of California at Livermore, and director of Navy Laboratories.
Parallel Lasers for Remote Measurements of Morphological Traits (2007)

Abstract: Animal ecology research could benefit from the measurement of individual morphological traits. In bovids, male horn size often correlates with annual reproductive success, is sensitive to resource abundance, and could be a predictor of survival. However, live captures are costly, involve some risk of injury or substantial disturbance to the animals, and are impossible in many situations. To remotely measure horn growth of free‐ranging Alpine ibex ( Capra ibex ), I designed an aluminum frame that holds parallel laser pointers and a digital camera. I took digital pictures of ibex horns and calculated horn growth based on the fixed distance between the 2 laser points. This simple and accurate technique could benefit many ecological studies that require linear measurements, such as shoulder height, body length, leg length, or fin length. It could also help measure body features (e.g., fur or skin patterns, scars), increasing the reliability of individual photographic identification.
Properties of a hydrophobin isolated from the mycoparasitic fungus <i>Verticillium fungicola</i> (2002)

Verticillium fungicola, isolated from Agaricus bisporus (commercial mushroom), produced significant extracellular hydrophobin when grown for 7 days in a static liquid culture of synthetic minimal medium. The hydrophobin was purified by precipitation with ammonium sulphate (80% saturation), Sephadex G-100 gel filtration, and hydroxyapatite column chromatography. The purified protein yielded a single band in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under native conditions, with an apparent molecular mass of 70 +/- 4 kDa, and also another single band in SDS-PAGE, with a molecular mass of 7 +/- 3 kDa. Molecular mass determined with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) resulted in 7563.9 m/z. The same protein was extracted from the V. fungicola mycelium. Analysis of the amino acid composition revealed the presence of about 50% hydrophobic residues, detecting at least six cysteines, evaluated as cystines, and no free sulfhydryl groups. The protein did not show any glycosylation. On the basis of similarities in hydropathy patterns and solubility characteristics, V. fungicola hydrophobin can be included as a new member of Class II hydrophobins.
Radar Design Principles: Signal Processing and the Environment (1969)

Radar and its composite environment radar range performance computations, statistical relationships for various detection processes, automatic detection by nonlinear, sequential and adaptive processes radar targets, propagation, sea and land scattering, signal processing concepts and waveform design, moving target indicators, environmental limitations of CW Radar, pulse doppler and burst waveforms, phase coding techniques, linear frequency modulated pulse compression waveforms, hybrid processors, meteorological radar and system performance analysis.