gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fatigue Wear of Polymers (1985)

Wear of polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, siloxane modified epoxies, and polyimides was studied in experiments in which a steel ball bearing was slid repeatedly on a polymer surface. Over a certain range of loads for a given polymer, a range of cycles of polymer disk rotation was observed before a wear track initiated. Because of the absence of wear prior to wear track initiation, the predominant wear mode was assumed to be fatigue. The number of cycles to initiate wear was negatively correlated with the ratio of the tensile stress in the contact to the tensile yield strength. After wear initiated the wear rates for epoxies and polyimides correlate positively with elastic modulus. Correlations of wear rates with load generally did not agree with fatigue models.
Design of asymmetric quarter-wave-shifted DFB semiconductor lasers (1986)

Quarter-wave-shifted distributed-feedback (QWS-DFB) semiconductor lasers with asymmetric structure are theoretically analysed in terms of wavelength selectivity, differential efficiency, linewidth and sensitivity to external optical feedback. The analysis is used to design narrow-linewidth lasers with low sensitivity to optical feedback for coherent transmission.
Motivation in the Real World: The Fine Art of Getting Extra Effort from Everyone-Including Yourself (1998)

"Motivation in the Real World: The Fine Art of Getting Extra Effort from Everyone-Including Yourself." Quality Management Journal, 5(2), pp. 120–121
The Madden-Julian Oscillation Signal in the Arctic Oscillation (2003)

The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is the dominant mode of subseasonal variability in the tropics [Madden and Julian 1971]. It is manifested as
Computational Acoustic Methods for the Design of Woodwind Instruments (2011)

This thesis presents a number of methods for the computational analysis of woodwind instruments. The Transmission-Matrix Method (TMM) for the calculation of the input impedance of an instrument is described. An approach based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) is applied to the determination of the transmission-matrix parameters of woodwind instrument toneholes, from which new formulas are developed that extend the range of validity of current theories. The effect of a hanging keypad is investigated and discrepancies with current theories are found for short toneholes. This approach was applied as well to toneholes on a conical bore, and we conclude that the tonehole transmission matrix parameters developed on a cylindrical bore are equally valid for use on a conical bore.A boundary condition for the approximation of the boundary layer losses for use with the FEM was developed, and it enables the simulation of complete woodwind instruments. The comparison of the simulations of instruments with many open or closed toneholes with calculations using the TMM reveal discrepancies that are most likely attributable to internalor external tonehole interactions. This is not taken into account in the TMM and poses a limit to its accuracy. The maximal error is found to be smaller than 10 cents. The effect of the curvature of the main bore is investigated using the FEM. The radiation impedance of a wind instrument bell is calculated using the FEM and compared to TMM calculations; we conclude that the TMM is not appropriate for the simulation of flaring bells.Finally, a method is presented for the calculation of the tonehole positions and dimensions under various constraints using an optimization algorithm, which is based on the estimation of the playing frequencies using the Transmission-Matrix Method. A number of simple woodwind instruments are designed using this algorithm and prototypes evaluated.
A Model of the Switched Telephone Network for Data Communications (1965)

The error statistics from data-transmission field tests on the telephone network may be compactly represented by about one dozen parameters. These relate to a model of the telephone network in which there are three distinct channels. The errors in binary data on each channel are produced by a renewal process in which a bit-error is a renewal event. The mixture of three such channels allows a close fit to the error statistics for a large range of block lengths. It is not implied that the errors on the telephone network are actually produced by such processes, but merely that they may be conveniently and compactly represented by them. Use of this model simplifies the analysis of error-control systems and the determination of error rates for error-control codes. In this paper the model is applied to study the effect that interleaving (time division multiplexing) has on the effectiveness of error-correcting codes.
Controlling Memory Impairment in Elderly Adults Using Virtual Reality Memory Training: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study (2009)

The authors suggest that VRMT may improve memory function in elderly adults by enhancing focused attention.
Thermal Transfer Analysis of a Freezing Soil Medium with an Embedded Pipeline (2006)

This paper conducted the unsteady state heat transfer analyses, using the commercial code ABAQUS, for a freezing granite soil medium with an embedded pipeline in the closed system. The several physical values for granite soil of South Korea at various subzero temperatures were determined in laboratory tests. These studies were focused on the development of a computational scheme by applying the effective heat capacity model to the numerical procedures for predicting the temperature profiles along a buried pipeline and the frozen penetration depth. The proposed model took into consideration the phase-change effect of in situ pore water in the frozen fringe. A comparison of results obtained by the proposed model and the actual performances was valuable in establishing a level of confidence in the application of introduced theory.
The Relaxase of the <i>Rhizobium etli</i> Symbiotic Plasmid Shows <i>nic</i> Site <i>cis</i> -Acting Preference (2006)

Genetic and biochemical characterization of TraA, the relaxase of symbiotic plasmid pRetCFN42d from Rhizobium etli, is described. After purifying the relaxase domain (N265TraA), we demonstrated nic binding and cleavage activity in vitro and thus characterized for the first time the nick site (nic) of a plasmid in the family Rhizobiaceae. We studied the range of N265TraA relaxase specificity in vitro by testing different oligonucleotides in binding and nicking assays. In addition, the ability of pRetCFN42d to mobilize different Rhizobiaceae plasmid origins of transfer (oriT) was examined. Data obtained with these approaches allowed us to establish functional and phylogenetic relationships between different plasmids of this family. Our results suggest novel characteristics of the R. etli pSym relaxase for previously described conjugative systems, with emphasis on the oriT cis-acting preference of this enzyme and its possible biological relevance.
Zusammenfassung und Schlußbetrachtung (1959)

Nach den Ergebnissen der vorliegenden Arbeit hat die Garndrehung nicht die ihr ursprünglich in technologischer Hinsicht beigemessene Bedeutung. Dehnung und Elastizität der Strumpfgewirke werden durch den Drehungsgrad der verarbeiteten Polyamidgarne zwar beeinflußt, ausschlaggebend für diese Eigenschaften ist jedoch in erster Linie die Maschenform und deren Fixierung bzw. das Verhältnis der Garnfeinheit zur Nadelteilung der Flachwirkmaschine sowie die Relation zwischen der Anzahl an Maschenreihen zur Anzahl an Maschenstäbchen. Hinzu kommt, daß die gewünschte Glanzminderung bereits seit einiger Zeit durch eine entsprechende Mattierung der Polyamidgarne selbst erzielt wird, wobei allerdings infolge der rauheren Garnoberfläche ein etwas größerer Verschleiß der empfindlichen Maschinenteile (Platinen und Nadeln) in Kauf genommen werden muß.
Your Memory: How It Works and How to Improve It (1977)

The word mnemonic (pronounced “ne MON ik”) is briefly defined as “aiding the memory.” It is derived from Mnemosyne, the name of the ancient Greek goddess of memory. “Mnemonics” refers in general to methods for improving memory; a mnemonic technique is any technique that aids the memory. Most researchers, however, define mnemonics more narrowly as being what most people consider to be rather unusual, artificial memory aids.
Optical investigation of p-type ZnO epilayers doped with different phosphorus concentrations by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering (2007)

Optical properties of p-type ZnO epilayers doped with different amounts of phosphorus by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering are investigated by x-ray diffraction, temperature dependent photoluminescence (PL), and time-resolved PL techniques. Bound exciton, free electrons-to-acceptors, donor-to-acceptor pair, and deep-level emissions are observed at about 3.356, 3.32, 3.24, and 2.4eV at 10K for p-type ZnO, respectively. The crystal quality and luminescence efficiency are improved with increasing phosphorus doping concentration. These results show that phosphorus doping plays an important role both in reducing native defects and in generating shallow acceptors in ZnO, leading to a good p-type conductivity in ZnO.
Building a better critic-recent empirical results (1992)

Critic engineering advances a theory of errors and repair strategies that helps a system collaborate with an expert during knowledge acquisition. The result is an expert critiquing system, or critic, designed to improve the collected knowledge. An implementable version of the critic-engineering methodology that includes first principles, generic question sets, and a library of error triggers and correction strategies is defined, and lessons learned about the methodology from applications and experiments in diverse domains are presented. The implementation of influencers, which offer positive criticisms before or during a task to help prevent biases before they occur, and debiasers, which use negative criticisms during or after a task to help correct a bias or error after it occurs, are discussed. Other implementations of critic engineering are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Putting: How a golf ball and hole interact (1991)

The equations of motion for a golf ball interacting with a hole on a putting surface are found. A computer is used to predict the outcome of the ball’s encounter with the hole as a function of the impact parameter and the initial velocity of the ball at the rim. If the ball does not skid or bounce when it collides with the opposite rim, it is predicted that a uniform ball must travel at 1.626 m/s or less to be captured; that the British ball is easier to sink than the slightly larger American ball; that a ball with a larger moment of inertia is more difficult to sink; and that bouncing and skidding (factors that vary from green to green) result in capture at greater speeds. Experimental studies support these predictions.
The Residual After Correcting Event‐Related Potentials for Blink Artifacts (1986)

ABSTRACT Data from an event‐related potential (ERP) study using central scalp locations on 36 subjects with an oddball paradigm were analyzed to determine which of four linear regression methods was the most effective in correcting for eyeblink artifacts. The best method was then employed to determine how well the artifact was removed from independent EEG data from 10 subjects, and from the ERP data. The error remaining after correction, the residual , is a systematic time function related to the blink. Differences between corrected and artifact‐free ERPs are explicable in terms of the residual and are a function of blink latency in the corrected ERPs. The most marked difference was a positivity on P z of up to approximately 3 μ V occurring after the mean blink latency. These results indicate that caution is necessary when correcting data for eyeblink artifacts if blink frequency and latency are systematically related to experimental condition. The residual is probably mostly a reflection of physiological events correlated with the eyeblink.
Liouville, le découvreur des nombres transcendants (2010)

La première phrase du mémoire de Liouville du 13 mai 1844 est en elle-même tout un programme : « Des classes très étendues de quantités dont la valeur n’est ni rationnelle ni même réductible à des irrationnelles algébriques ». Autrement dit l’existence en grande quantité de nombres qui ne sont ni irrationnels ni algébriques (solutions d’une équation algébrique) : Liouville est le premier à avoir cette idée ; il explique même comment construire un nombre non algébrique. C’est la découverte des nombres non algébriques, qui seront désignés comme nombres de Liouville avant d’être appelés nombres transcendants. Liouville examine la décomposition en fraction continue d’un nombre x solution d’une équation algébrique. Il démontre simplement que le dénominateur du « quotient incomplet » (développement en fraction continue arrêté à un stade donné) du nombre algébrique x est borné par une formule donnée. Il construit ensuite des nombres dont le développement en fraction continue ne respecte pas cette formule : ils sont donc non algébriques. Par la suite, le mathématicien français Hermite démontra le caractère transcendant de e (1873), et le mathématicien allemand Lindemann celle de π (1882).
Electrodeposition of semiconductor layers of In-Se, CuSe and Cu-In-Se (1987)

The semiconducting layers of indium-selenide (In-Se), copper-selenide (Cu-Se) and copper-indium-selenide (Cu-ln-\nSe) have been electrodeposited under d.c. conditions. As deposited, tn-Se and Cu-Se layers were selenium rich.\nHeat treatment resulted in the formation of In-Se and Cu1.72-Se compounds.\nCu-In-Se layers have been prepared by three routes; by sequential electrodeposition of In-Se layer on Cu-Se;\nvice versa; and direct electrodeposition of Cu-In-Se layers. All these layers were found to be Cu-rich and polycrystallinein nature.
CLINICAL PHYSIOLOGY (1960)

<em>Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology and Cognate Medical Sciences</em> journal reports novel insights into homeostatic and adaptive responses in health, and research into pathophysiological mechanisms in disease.
Variable List Short-Cuts in PROC SQL (2006)

PROC SQL queries require the SELECT statement to specify the variables to be included in the output destination. You have the option to explicitly state which variables to keep or use the * wildcard as a short-cut to select all fields from some or all tables involved in the query. Have you ever encountered the problem of having to choose between typing in a long list of variables to keep or use the * to select more variables than are actually needed? Have you ever wanted to select all the fields from a table except for one or two fields? Using the DROP and KEEP data set options are particularly useful for alleviating these conundrums. Moreover, these data set options allow you to use variable list short-cuts that are not available in the SELECT statement.
Substoichiometric Levels of Cu2+ Ions Accelerate the Kinetics of Fiber Formation and Promote Cell Toxicity of Amyloid-β from Alzheimer Disease (2010)

A role for Cu(2+) ions in Alzheimer disease is often disputed, as it is believed that Cu(2+) ions only promote nontoxic amorphous aggregates of amyloid-β (Aβ). In contrast with currently held opinion, we show that the presence of substoichiometric levels of Cu(2+) ions in fact doubles the rate of production of amyloid fibers, accelerating both the nucleation and elongation of fiber formation. We suggest that binding of Cu(2+) ions at a physiological pH causes Aβ to approach its isoelectric point, thus inducing self-association and fiber formation. We further show that Cu(2+) ions bound to Aβ are consistently more toxic to neuronal cells than Aβ in the absence of Cu(2+) ions, whereas Cu(2+) ions in the absence of Aβ are not cytotoxic. The degree of Cu-Aβ cytotoxicity correlates with the levels of Cu(2+) ions that accelerate fiber formation. We note the effect appears to be specific for Cu(2+) ions as Zn(2+) ions inhibit the formation of fibers. An active role for Cu(2+) ions in accelerating fiber formation and promoting cell death suggests impaired copper homeostasis may be a risk factor in Alzheimer disease.
Cancer cachexia: Its correlations and causes (2003)

Cancer cachexia involves the loss of weight, mainly in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, that is not caused simply by anorexia. The syndrome includes anemia and immunosuppression along with a number of biochemical changes indicating systemic effects of the cancer. It is a major factor in morbidity and mortality from cancer. For 30 years beginning in 1948, a large number of studies reported isolation from many tumors of a heterogeneous group of small peptides, generally labeled toxohormone, that caused various correlates of cachexia shortly after injection into mice. Interest in toxohormone-like peptides then fell off for diverse reasons that had little to do with their clinical significance and was shifted to cytokines, ILs, and ectopic hormones with catabolic consequences that were sporadically found in tumors. At the same time, evidence was accumulating for an important role of pericellular proteases in driving progressive stages of neoplastic development. A central part of that evidence was the inhibition of transformation-related changes by protease inhibitors, particularly the combination present in fetal bovine serum, which fully suppressed the expression of the transformed phenotype in discrete foci of chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) infected by Rous sarcoma virus against a confluent background of uninfected CEF. In contrast, CEF cultures heavily infected with Rous sarcoma virus in the same medium underwent pervasive transformation, which was correlated with the release of low molecular weight cytotoxic substances. Reevaluation of all of the evidence supports a central role for proteolytically generated peptides derived from tumors in producing cancer cachexia.
Nanocomposite Films Assembled from Genetically Engineered Filamentous Viruses and Gold Nanoparticles: Nanoarchitecture‐ and Humidity‐Tunable Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectra (2008)

Nanocomposite films are prepared by layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly of cationic genetically engineered rodlike nontoxic viruses and anionic spherical Au nanoparticles. The cationic viruses electrostatically interact with the anionic Au nanoparticles to drive the LBL assembly. The nanocomposite films exhibit humidity-dependent surface plasmon resonance spectra (see figure).
Using networked technologies to support conferences (2005)

The increasing availability of WiFi networks in conference venues is an opportunity to provide additional services for conference delegates and to enhance and enrich the learning experience. This paper reviews experiences of use of networked applications in a conference environment and outlines a number of potentially useful technologies. The paper addresses potential concerns over use of networked technologies including dangers of disruption and distraction, legal and copyright issues as well as the danger of being over-fixated on the technologies themselves, rather than the uses they can provide. The paper concludes by summarising the issues which need to be addressed when considering the provision of networked services in a conference setting.
Overlapping talk and the organization of turn-taking for conversation (2000)

This article provides an empirically grounded account of what happens when more persons than one talk at once in conversation. It undertakes to specify when such occurrences are problematic for the participants, and for the organization of interaction; what the features of such overlapping talk are; and what constraints an account of overlapping talk should meet. It describes the practices employed by participants to deal with such simultaneous talk, and how they form an organization of practices which is related to the turn-taking organization previously described by Sacks et al. 1974. This “overlap resolution device” constitutes a previously unexplicated component of that turn-taking organization, and one that provides solutions to underspecified features of the previous account.
Analysis and Design of Voltage-Controlled Oscillator Based Analog-to-Digital Converter (2009)

A voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) based analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is a time-based architecture with a first-order noise-shaping property, which can be implemented using a VCO and digital circuits. This paper analyzes the performance of VCO-based ADCs in the presence of nonidealities such as jitter, nonlinearity, mismatch, and the metastability of D flip-flops. Based on this analysis, design criteria for determining parameters for VCO-based ADCs are described. In addition, a digital calibration technique to enhance the spurious-free dynamic range degraded by the nonlinearity is also introduced. To verify the theoretical analysis, a prototype chip is implemented in a 0.13-¿m CMOS process. With a 500-MHz sampling frequency, the prototype achieves a signal-to-noise ratio ranging from 71.8 to 21.3 dB for an input bandwidth of 100 kHz-247 MHz, while dissipating 12.6 mW and occupying an area of 0.078 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
A 30-V P-channel trench gated DMOSFET with 900 μΩ-cm/sup 2/ specific on-resistance at 2.7 V (2002)

A scaled-oxide low-threshold P-channel trench gated DMOS employing a 12 Mcell/in/sup 2/. (2 Mcell/cm/sup 2/) closed-cell design, 8-V gate rating and 30-V drain rating is described. Measured specific resistances of 900 /spl mu//spl Omega/-cm/sup 2/ at V/sub G/S=2.7 V and 700 /spl mu//spl Omega/-cm/sup 2/. At V/sub GS/=4.5 V represent the lowest R/sub DSA/ values ever reported for a P-channel DMOS with a 37-V breakdown. The benefit of a 3X scaling of gate oxide thickness is shown by measurement, analytical and numerical modeling to produce a 1.6-V reduction in threshold, a 75% reduction in channel resistance and a 45% reduction in overall trench DMOS on-resistance at V/sub GS/=4.5 V. High density 30-V planar DMOS die resistance is shown to be 3.7X that of the scaled-oxide trench DMOS at V/sub GS/=4.5 V.
Dynamic optical reflectivity to monitor the real-time metalorganic molecular beam epitaxial growth of AlGaAs layers (1991)

Oscillations in the reflectivity of AlxGa1−xAs, grown on GaAs at 870 K have been measured at 632.8 nm over the range 0≤x≤1. The oscillations are fitted to the standard theory of reflection from a bilayer with the complex refractive index (n+ik) of substrate and film as fitting parameters. For GaAs the values of n and k are measured as 3.9+i0.23 at 870 K. Assuming n varies linearly with x for AlxGa1−xAs between 3.1(A1As) and 3.9(GaAs) then the period of the oscillations gives an accurate measurement of growth rate, while the amplitude allows the film composition to be monitored simultaneously. All layers were grown by metalorganic molecular beam epitaxy (MOMBE).
Characterizing the Impact of CD8 Antibodies on Class I MHC Multimer Binding (2005)

Many studies have suggested that CD8 Abs affect the binding of class I MHC tetramers/multimers to CD8(+) T cells, which has led to the interpretation that CD8 participates directly in multimer binding. In contrast, a recent publication has argued that CD8 Abs instead cause reorganization of TCR distribution and hence have an indirect effect on multimer binding to the TCR alone. We address these issues by testing the role of CD8 and the impact of CD8 Abs on the binding of normal and mutant multimers to Ag-specific mouse T cells. Our data suggest that, in this system, CD8 Abs act directly on CD8 and only mediate their effects on multimer binding when CD8 is capable of binding to the multimer. These data reinforce the paradigm that CD8 plays an active and direct role in binding of class I MHC multimers.