gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of a Nitroxyle‐Based Radical Scavenger on Nanotube Functionalisation with Pentadecane: A Model Compound Study for Polyethylene Grafting onto MWCNTs (2010)

Abstract The radical grafting of pentadecane onto MWCNTs has been investigated. A model for the functionalisation of MWCNTs with molten polyethylene is established, in which a pentadecane radical grafting reaction has been studied in order to determine the reaction conditions necessary to enhance the degree of grafting while minimising side reactions such as radical combination reactions. The effect of a nitroxyle‐based radical scavenger (such as TEMPO) on the competition between the recombination of pentadecane radicals and addition to nanotubes has been explored. It was observed that the use of TEMPO resulted in a relatively higher grafting density without excessive pentadecane branching/crosslinking. magnified image
Studies on Condensed Pyrimidine Systems. VIII (1). The 5,6-Dihydrofuro[2,3-d]Pyrimidine Ring System (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on Condensed Pyrimidine Systems. VIII (1). The 5,6-Dihydrofuro[2,3-d]Pyrimidine Ring SystemAlbert Schrage and George H. HitchingsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1951, 16, 7, 1153–1158Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo50001a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo50001a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views152Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Identification of Two Entamoeba histolyticaSequence-specific URE4 Enhancer-binding Proteins with Homology to the RNA-binding Motif RRM (2001)

To study transcriptional regulation in the lower branching eukaryote Entamoeba histolytica, we have identified two sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins that recognize the upstream regulatory element URE4, an enhancer that regulates expression of the Gal/GalNAc lectin heavy subunit gene hgl5. A chromatographic purification of E. histolytica nuclear extracts by gel filtration, cation exchange, and sequence-specific DNA affinity chromatography led to a 700-fold increase in URE4 binding activity and the appearance of two dominant protein species with molecular masses of 28 and 18 kDa. These proteins, termed E. histolytica enhancer-binding proteins 1 and 2 (EhEBP1 and EhEBP2), were sequenced by tandem mass spectroscopy and their corresponding cDNA clones identified. Recombinant EhEBP1 and EhEBP2 were able to bind double-stranded oligonucleotides bearing the URE4 motif in a sequence-specific manner, and antibodies raised against EhEBP1 were able to interfere with the formation of URE4-protein complexes in crude nuclear extracts. Overexpression of EhEBP1 in E. histolytica trophozoites resulted in a 7-fold drop in promoter activity in transiently transfected reporter gene constructs when the URE4 motif was present, confirming its ability to specifically recognize the URE4 motif and suggesting that additional cofactors may be required for transcriptional activation by URE4. Further characterization and identification of binding partners for EhEBP1 and EhEBP2, the first proteins with demonstrated sequence-specific DNA binding activity to be identified in E. histolytica, should provide new insights into transcriptional regulation in this protozoan parasite.
A simple device for the evaluation of the UV radiation index (2003)

The solar ultraviolet radiation (UV) flux density at the earth's surface depends on the incoming solar energy and the transmission properties of the atmosphere. UV radiation is strongly absorbed by ozone in the spectral range 200–310 nm, while the attenuation is increasingly weaker at longer wavelengths. Following the discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole in 1985, the risk of a possible UV increase at ground level, due to the observed stratospheric ozone depletion, has heightened the interest within the scientific community given the potentially harmful effects on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Spectroradiometers, broad-band meters and dosimeters may be used for measurements of solar UV. In addition, radiation transfer models can be used to quantify UV irradiances at various times and locations, provided that the extraterrestrial solar radiation and the state of the atmosphere are known. Information about UV radiation at the earth's surface is given by the ultraviolet index ‘UVI’, which is defined as the effective integrated irradiance (280–400 nm) weighted by the erythemal action spectrum. The UV Index is widely used by many international weather services as an indicator of UV levels at the earth's surface providing public awareness of the effects of prolonged exposure to the sun's rays. The aim of this paper is to present a device capable of estimating the UV Index. This device is a compact disc, used as a sundial, and is based on modelled UV irradiances derived from the STAR radiative transfer model (System for Transfer of Atmospheric Radiation). The device was tested in an urban setting under clear sky conditions. Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society
Recombination activity enhancement by stress in silicon (2010)

The recombination activity of grain boundaries and precipitate colonies is analyzed with submicron spatial resolution and compared to the surrounding stress field. This analysis reveals a positive correlation between tensile stress and recombination activity and a negative correlation between compressive stress and recombination activity. This correlation can be explained by the stress induced mobility enhancement due to the strong piezoresistance of silicon. This observation could lead to a significant improvement of multicrystalline silicon solar cells by engineering the incorporated stress fields during the block casting and the solar cell processing.
Well-logging instrumentation (1981)

Research investigations on techniques for in situ determination of /sup 90/Sr, tritium, and transuranic isotopes are described. Results of neutron activation analysis experiments on /sup 90/Sr and passive neutron detection experiments on transuranics are given.
Molten Salt Bath Cleaning (1994)

Abstract Molten salt baths are anhydrous, fused chemical baths used at elevated temperatures for a variety of industrial cleaning applications. This article discusses their applications in paint stripping, polymer removal, casting cleaning, glass removal, and plasma/flame spray removal. It provides an overview of the basic design and safety considerations of the salt bath equipment and describes the environmental impact of molten salt bath cleaning.
Inhibition of sterol biosynthesis in cell‐free extracts of <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> by prochloraz and prochloraz analogues (1994)

Abstract The sensitivity of cytochrome‐P450‐dependent sterol 14α‐demethylase (P450 14DM ) to prochloraz and several prochloraz analogues was studied in a cell‐free assay of Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr. The EC 50 values (concentrations which inhibited radial growth of B. cinerea by 50%) of the compounds tested ranged from 3.3 × 10 −8 to 1.7 × 10 −5 M. The IV 50 values (concentrations which inhibited cell‐free C 4 ‐demethyl sterol synthesis by 50%) in cell‐free assays of B. cinerea ranged from 2.6 × 10 −9 to 4.4 × 10 −7 M. Ranking compounds in terms of their relative inhibitory potencies showed quite similar trends to the order of fungitoxicity, but the IC 50 values did not quantitatively reflect the differences in toxicity. Therefore, the differential inhibition of cell‐free P450 14DM activity by these compounds cannot fully account for their differences in activity towards B. cinerea. Additional mechanisms must be involved. The compounds tested were generally more potent in the B. cinerea assay than in similar assays developed for Penicillium italicum Wehmer and, in particular, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Meyen. This correlated with the relatively higher activity of most test compounds to B. cinerea. Results suggest that the cell‐free assay of B. cinerea is more useful to evaluate candidate fungicides as inhibitors of sterol 14α‐demethyiase activity than similar assays from model organisms. The present study confirms that the affinity of prochloraz analogues for P450 14DM depends on the nature of the N‐1 substituent of the imidazole and the azole ring. It was also found that addition of an amino group at C‐2 of the imidazole moiety of prochloraz gave a compound (6) which inhibited 4, 4‐demethyl sterol biosynthesis in B. cinerea at a different site from the P450 14DM . This was confirmed by the observation that laboratory‐generated triadimenol‐resistant isolates of B. cinerea showed reduced sensitivity to triadimenol and prochloraz, but not to compound 6.
Studies on the Syntheses of Heterocyclic Compounds. D. Novel Cleavage of Tetrahydroprotoberberines with Trifluoroacetic Anhydride (1972)

Treatment of 5, 6, 13, 13a-tetrahydro-10-hydroxy-2, 3, 11-trimethoxy-8H-dibenzo[a, g]-quinolizine (10) with trifluoroacetic anhydride afforded 2-(2-trifluoroacetaminoethyl-4, 5-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-hydroxy-5-methoxyindene (13). 5, 6, 13, 13a-Tetrahydro-12-hydroxy-2, 3, 11-trimethoxy-8H-dibezo[a, g]quinolizie (11) under the same conditions as in the case of 10 yielded 2-(2-trifluoroacetaminoethyl-4, 5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyindene (18).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Mono‐ and Dibromomethyl Derivatives of Thieno(2,3‐d)pyrimidines. (1987)

Abstract Bromination of the 6‐methylthienopyrimidines (IV) gives the (di)bromomethyl derivatives (V) and (VI) or the 5‐bromo compound (VII) depending on the reaction conditions.
Two-Liquid Hanging-Drop Vapor-Diffusion Technique of Protein Crystallization (2003)

A new method of protein crystallization, the two-liquid hanging-drop vapor-diffusion technique including the double-hanging-drop and the sandwiched-hanging-drop techniques, has been developed. This method uses a very dense insoluble liquid in a traditional hanging-drop technique. The double-hanging-drop vapor-diffusion technique enables us to remove the crystals easily without causing mechanical damage. In the sandwiched-hanging-drop technique, the vapor diffusion rate can be altered, which is a useful method for screening protein crystal growth conditions.
STAT1 -/- mice are protected against exacerbation of MRSA pneumonia during influenza co-infection (VIR2P.1021) (2014)

Abstract In mice, bacterial lung defense requires Th17 activation, which is attenuated by preceding influenza, resulting in exacerbation of pneumonia. Influenza induced-type I IFN requires STAT1 signaling and inhibits dendritic cell production of Th17-activating IL-23. We explored the need for STAT1 signaling in influenza-associated Th17 suppression in a mouse model of influenza and MRSA co-infection using STAT1 -/- mice. WT and STAT1 -/- mice were infected with influenza A PR/8/34/H1N1 or PBS. Mice were challenged with PBS or MRSA on day 6 and sacrificed on day 7; BAL and lungs were harvested for cell count, flow cytometry, bacterial burden, cytokine levels, and gene expression. Compared to WT, influenza-infected STAT1 -/- mice had increased day 6 weight loss (82.3% vs 88.5% of baseline) and higher BAL neutrophil count (2.85 × 104 vs 4.15 × 105). Co-infected STAT1 -/- mice had higher total cell count (1.04 × 106 vs 1.61 × 106 cells), but did not show increased bacterial burden compared to WT mice. IL-17 and IL-22 producing CD4+ and γδ T cells were reduced in co-infected WT mice versus MRSA alone but were increased overall in STAT1 -/- mice. No differences in Th17 cytokines (IL-17, IL-22, IL-23) or in IFN-β gene expression were detected in whole lung. These data suggest that STAT1 -/- mice are protected from exacerbation of MRSA pneumonia during influenza co-infection despite increased influenza severity and lung inflammation, but the mechanism of these findings remains unclear.
Arabidopsis Chloroplastic Ascorbate Peroxidase Isoenzymes Play a Dual Role in Photoprotection and Gene Regulation under Photooxidative Stress (2009)

Though two types of chloroplastic ascorbate peroxidase (APX) located in the thylakoid membrane (tAPX) and stroma (sAPX) have been thought to be key regulators of intracellular levels of H(2)O(2), their physiological significance in the response to photooxidative stress is still under discussion. Here we characterized single mutants lacking either tAPX (KO-tAPX) or sAPX (KO-sAPX). Under exposure to high light or treatment with methylviologen under light, H(2)O(2) and oxidized proteins accumulated to higher levels in both mutant plants than in the wild-type plants. On the other hand, the absence of sAPX and tAPX drastically suppressed the expression of H(2)O(2)-responsive genes under photooxidative stress. Interestingly, the most marked effect of photooxidative stress on the accumulation of H(2)O(2) and oxidized protein and gene expression was observed in the KO-tAPX plants rather than the KO-sAPX plants. The present findings suggest that both chloroplastic APXs, but particularly tAPX, are important for photoprotection and gene regulation under photooxidative stress in Arabidopsis leaves.
An electro-thermal model for a Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt (NMC) Oxide Lithium-ion prismatic cell (2016)

Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E), U.S. Department of Energy, under Award Number DE-A269
Equilibrium Problems: Nonsmooth Optimization and Variational Inequality Models (2004)

Preface. On the numerical solution of finite-dimensional variational inequalities by an interior point method S. Bellavia, M.G. Gasparo. Fixed points in ordered Banach spaces and applications to elliptic boundary-value problems G. Bonanno, S. Marano. A theorem of the alternative for linear control systems P. Cubiotti. Variational inequalities for static equilibrium market. Lagrangean function and duality P. Daniele. On dynamical equilibrium problems and variational inequalities P. Daniele, A. Maugeri. Nonlinear programming methods for solving optimal control problems C. Durazzi, E. Galligani. Optimal flow pattern in road networks P. Ferrari. On the strong solvability of a unilateral boundary value problem for nonlinear discontinuous operators in the plane S. Giuffre. Most likely traffic equilibrium route flows analysis and computation T. Larsson, et al. Existence of solutions to bilevel variational problems in Banach spaces M.B. Lignola, J. Morgan. On the existence of solutions to vector optimization problems G. Mastroeni, M. Pappalardo. Equilibrium problems and variational inequalities A. Maugeri. Axiomatization for approximate solutions in optimization H. Norde, F. Patrone. Necessary and sufficient conditions of Wardrop type for vectorial traffic equilibria W. Oettli. Approximate solutions and Tikhonov well-posedness for Nash equilibria L.P. Chicco. Equilibrium in time dependent traffic networks with delay F. Raciti. New results on local minima and their applications B. Ricceri. An overview on projection-type methods for convex large-scale quadratic programs V. Ruggiero, L. Zanni.
Inhibition of cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 exacerbates ischaemia‐induced acute myocardial dysfunction in the rabbit (2002)

1. The effects of treatment with a number of cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors, (celecoxib, meloxicam, DuP-697 and aspirin) on ischaemia-reperfusion-induced myocardial dysfunction were examined using an in vitro perfused rabbit heart model. 2. Ischaemia resulted in myocardial dysfunction, as indicated by a significant increase in left ventricular end diastolic pressure and marked changes in coronary perfusion pressure and left ventricular developed pressure. In the post-ischaemic state, coronary perfusion pressure increased dramatically, left ventricular developed pressure recovered to a small degree and there were significant increases in creatinine kinase release (indicative of myocardial damage) and prostacyclin release. 3. Pretreatment with aspirin, or with drugs that selectively inhibit cyclo-oxygenase-2 (celecoxib, meloxicam and DuP-697), resulted in a concentration-dependent exacerbation of the myocardial dysfunction and damage. Exacerbation of myocardial dysfunction and damage was evident with 10 microM concentrations of the cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors, which inhibited prostacyclin release but did not affect cyclo-oxygenase-1 activity (as measured by whole blood thromboxane synthesis). 4. NCX-4016, a nitric oxide-releasing aspirin derivative, significantly reduced the myocardial dysfunction and damage caused by ischaemia and reperfusion. Beneficial effects were observed even at a concentration (100 microM) that significantly inhibited prostacyclin synthesis by the heart. 5. The results suggest that prostacyclin released by cardiac tissue in response to ischaemia and reperfusion is derived, at least in part, from cyclo-oxygenase-2. Cyclo-oxygenase-2 plays an important protective role in a setting of ischaemia-reperfusion of the heart.
Can, Should, Ought, Must (2009)

http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265160902940014
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANIC TELLURIUM COMPOUNDS. XIII. SYNTHESIS AND CYCLIZATION STUDY OF NEW TELLURIUM COMPOUNDS, A NEW PATH TO TELLUROXANTHENE AND TELLUROXANTHONE (1981)

Abstract Aus dem 2,2′‐Dibromdiphenylmethan (I) wird über die Dilithiumverbindung (II) das Telluroxanthen (III) hergestellt und dieses durch Chlorierung, Chromtrioxid‐Oxidation und Dehalogenierung in das Telluroxanthen (VI) umgewandelt.
Histologic scoring indices for evaluation of disease activity in ulcerative colitis (2014)

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Methodology). The objectives are as follows: The primary objective is to systematically review the current literature describing the development and operating characteristics of histological disease activity indices in UC.
Sensitivity Analysis of Medium-Frequency Transformer Designs for Solid-State Transformers (2018)

This paper discusses the technical challenges and tradeoffs tied to design of medium-frequency transformers for medium-voltage high-power applications and emerging solid-state transformers. A dedicated design optimization algorithm is used to generate the set of all feasible transformer designs for the given electrical requirements, originating from a modular dc-dc solid-state transformer, and taking into account different geometry ratios, materials, and operating frequencies. All possible design choice variations are compared in terms of maximum achievable efficiency, gravimetric and volumetric power densities, thus identifying design limits for a given set of input parameters. The impact of modularity and choice of operating frequency directly related to selected semiconductors, reveal interesting trends that can aid overall solid-state transformer design optimization.
A Novel CD8-Independent High-Avidity Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Response Directed against an Epitope in the Phosphoprotein of the Paramyxovirus Simian Virus 5 (2001)

Adoptive transfer studies have shown that cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) of high avidity, capable of recognizing low levels of peptide-MHC I molecules, are more efficient at reducing viral titers than are low-avidity CTL, thus establishing CTL avidity as a critical parameter for the ability of a CTL to clear virus in vivo. It has been well documented that CTL of high avidity are relatively CD8 independent, whereas low-avidity CTL require CD8 engagement in order to become activated. In this study we have analyzed the antiviral CTL response elicited following infection with the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (SV5). We have identified the immunodominant and subdominant CTL responses and subsequently assessed the avidity of these responses by their CD8 dependence. This is the first study in which the relationship between immunodominance and CTL avidity has been investigated. The immunodominant response was directed against an epitope present in the viral M protein, and subdominant responses were directed against epitopes present in the P, F, and HN proteins. Similarly to other CTL responses we have analyzed, the immunodominant response and the subdominant F and HN responses were comprised of both high- and low-avidity CTL. However, the subdominant response directed against the epitope present in the P protein is novel, as it is exclusively high avidity. This high-avidity response is independent of both the route of infection and expression by recombinant SV5. A further understanding of the inherent properties of P that elicit only high-avidity CTL may allow for the design of more efficacious vaccine vectors that preferentially elicit high-avidity CTL in vivo.
503 Ultraprecision Polishing Method of Large Scale X-Ray Mirrors (2000)

This paper describes an ultraprecision polishing method of larger scale x-ray mirrors, and the polishing characteristics. The X-ray mirrors which ELID-grinding ground high form accuracy with #4000 cast iron bonded diamond wheel, it was took polishing with NC control polishing machine. The results, very good ground surface of Ra 1nm mirror can be achieved.
<sup>1</sup>H, <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>15</sup>N NMR coordination shifts in gold(III), cobalt(III), rhodium(III) chloride complexes with pyridine, 2,2′‐bipyridine and 1,10‐phenanthroline (2006)

Au(III), Co(III) and Rh(III) chloride complexes with pyridine (py), 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) of the general formulae [M1LCl3], trans-[M2L4Cl2]+, mer-[M2L3Cl3], [M1(LL)Cl2]+, cis-[M2(LL)2Cl2]+, where M1=Au; M2=Co, Rh; L=py; LL=bpy, phen, were studied by 1H--13C HMBC and 1H--15N HMQC/HSQC. The 1H, 13C and 15N coordination shifts (the latter from ca-78 to ca-107 ppm) are discussed in relation to the type of metal, electron configuration, coordination sphere geometry and the type of ligand. The 13C and 15N chemical shifts were also calculated by quantum-chemical NMR methods, which reproduced well the experimental tendencies concerning the coordination sphere geometry and the ligand type.
Activation of the c-ski oncogene by overexpression (1991)

The v-ski oncogene is a truncated version of the cellular proto-oncogene, c-ski, and lacks sequences coding for both the N- and C-terminal ends of the c-ski protein. In the region of overlap, v-ski and c-ski differ by only one amino acid. To determine whether these differences underlie v-ski's oncogenic activation, we have cloned cDNAs for several alternatively spliced c-ski mRNAs and introduced these cDNAs into replication-competent retroviral vectors. The biological activities of these c-ski constructs have been compared with those of v-ski. We found that all c-ski gene products, when expressed at high levels from the promoter in the retroviral long terminal repeat, can induce morphological transformation, anchorage independence, and muscle differentiation in avian cells. Cells that are susceptible to ski-induced transformation and myogenesis normally express endogenous c-ski at low levels. Thus, it appears that overexpression of ski is sufficient for oncogenic and myogenic activation.