gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Framework fore-SCMQR System ine-Business Processes (2006)

Inrecent years, issues forsupply chain management (SCM)havebeendiscussed andresearched forsolving problems ofbusiness. Themajorreason in supply chainmanagement isnotonlya concept of management butalsoanewsolution andtechnique in increasing thecompetitive ofbusiness toenterprises However, mostofresearch issues focused onapplications ofinformation technology (IT) ofSCM,only afewstudies discussing how todevelop a modeltosuccessfully implement a SCM toanenterprise. A quick response system (QRsystem) canhelp anenterprise toreduce the timeofprocesses inbusiness tobusiness orbusiness to customer inasupply chain, thentheenterprise could also effectively, quickly tolinkupstream anddownstream of industries, andtofindandsolvetheproblems of customers inanytime andanywhere. Thisstudy tries to provide a frameworkto explain theprocesses of implementation inanenterprise.
Oxidation of photochromic spirooxazines by coinage metal cations. Part I. Reaction with AgNO3 : formation and characterisation of silver particles (2001)

Thermal oxidation of the zwitterionic form of two photochromic spirooxazines: 1,3-dihydro-1,3,3-trimethylspiro(2H-indole-2,3′-[3H]naphth[2,1-b]-[1,4]oxazine) (1) and 1,3-dihydro-1,3,3-trimethylspiro(2H-indole-2,3′-[3H]phenanthr[9,10-b]-[1,4]oxazine) (2) has been studied in the presence of silver ions in anaerobic conditions. The products of the reaction have been identified and a mechanism for their formation is proposed. In alcohols (MeOH, EtOH), the major degradation product is the indolinooxazole salt together with either methoxy- or ethoxy-substituted spirooxazines at the C2′ carbon atom of the C2′N1′ bond. The four new spirooxazine derivatives display no photochromic properties although X-ray diffraction studies show that the bond lengths around the spiro carbon atom are similar to those observed for compounds revealing colouration. Photophysical properties of the indolinooxazole and of its hydroxylated derivative are also presented. High quantum yield and large Stokes shifts are observed. As a consequence of the reduction of silver ions to neutral atoms, silver colloids have been prepared after either thermal- or photo-oxidation of spirooxazine. They are stabilised by poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone). The formation and growth of silver colloids have been studied by electron microscopy, photon correlation spectroscopy and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. The growth of silver particles of different sizes and morphologies is presented and the role of a photochromic electron donor on the growth process is discussed. The average particle sizes ranged from a few to approximately one hundred nanometers. The classical plasmon absorption band at 420 nm and a broad red-shifted peak at 790 nm due to the large non-spherical particles are thus observed. Both particle size and plasmon absorption are dependent upon UV irradiation. Size enlargement upon irradiation of silver colloids brings about colour changes from yellow through green to light blue.
Avoiding and Escaping Depressions in Real-Time Heuristic Search (2012)

Heuristics used for solving hard real-time search problems have regions with depressions. Such regions are bounded areas of the search space in which the heuristic function is inaccurate compared to the actual cost to reach a solution. Early real-time search algorithms, like LRTA*, easily become trapped in those regions since the heuristic values of their states may need to be updated multiple times, which results in costly solutions. State-of-the-art real-time search algorithms, like LSS-LRTA* or LRTA*(k), improve LRTA*'s mechanism to update the heuristic, resulting in improved performance. Those algorithms, however, do not guide search towards avoiding depressed regions. This paper presents depression avoidance, a simple real-time search principle to guide search towards avoiding states that have been marked as part of a heuristic depression. We propose two ways in which depression avoidance can be implemented: mark-and-avoid and move-to-border. We implement these strategies on top of LSS-LRTA* and RTAA*, producing 4 new real-time heuristic search algorithms: aLSS-LRTA*, daLSS-LRTA*, aRTAA*, and daRTAA*. When the objective is to find a single solution by running the real-time search algorithm once, we show that daLSS-LRTA* and daRTAA* outperform their predecessors sometimes by one order of magnitude. Of the four new algorithms, daRTAA* produces the best solutions given a fixed deadline on the average time allowed per planning episode. We prove all our algorithms have good theoretical properties: in finite search spaces, they find a solution if one exists, and converge to an optimal after a number of trials.
Application of ‘‘critical compositional difference’’ concept to the growth of low dislocation density (&lt;104/cm2) In<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>As (<i>x</i>≤0.5) on GaAs (1992)

Multilayer epitaxial structures consisting of InxGa1−xAs layers of various compositions were grown on GaAs substrates by the molecular beam epitaxy technique. Dislocation evolution and residual strain in these heterostructures were studied using cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) and high-resolution x-ray diffraction analyses, respectively. The multilayer heterostructures were designed such that the compositional difference between two adjacent InxGa1−xAs layers in the stack was less than a critical compositional difference of Δx=0.18, taking partial lattice-relaxation into account. XTEM studies of the stacked structures indicated dislocation evolution to be confined to the GaAs substrate and the InxGa1−xAs layers underlying the top InxGa1−xAs layer in the stack, the top InxGa1−xAs layer being essentially dislocation-free. This phenomenon is attributed to a monotonic increase in the yield strength of InxGa1−xAs at the appropriate growth temperatures with increasing values of x. Such behavior appears to persist up to an InxGa1−xAs composition of approximately x=0.5, whereupon a further increase in composition results in dislocation evolution in the top layer of the stack. It is postulated that the yield strength of InxGa1−xAs decreases with increasing values of x beyond x=0.5. Extremely low dislocation density InxGa1−xAs material was grown on GaAs using the stacked structure approach as evidenced by etch pit analysis. For example, dislocation densities of 1–2×103/cm2 and 5–6×103/cm2 were recorded from In0.35Ga0.65As and In0.48Ga0.52As top layers, respectively. Such InxGa1−xAs alloys would be potentially suitable for the fabrication of photonic devices operating at 1.3 μm (x=0.35) and 1.55 μm (x=0.48).
A Case of Acute Pancreatitis Associated with Aberrant Cystic DuctOpening into the Right Hepatic Duct (2006)

Congenital anomalies of the pancreaticobiliary structure may go undetected until adulthood, and they can be the cause of unexplained jaundice, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. In addition to such associated disease, as cholangitis, gallstone, cholangiocarcinoma and pancreatitis, recognition of these variant anatomies is clinically important for planning surgery and for preventing nadvertent surgical injury. Although congenital abnormalities and variations of the biliary ducts are common, and variations in the drainage and course of the cystic duct are also frequently seen, variation of the cystic duct opening into the right hepatic duct is rare; further, it is important to avoid erroneous ligation of the hepatic duct during surgery. We report here on a case of aberrant cystic duct opening into the right hepatic duct along with acute pancreatitis.
Microwave Response of Superconducting<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="bold">Y</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi>Ba</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>Cu</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="bold">O</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mo mathvariant="bold">−</mml:mo><mml:mi>δ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math>Nanowire Bridges Sustaining the Critical Depairing Current: Evidence of Josephson-like Behavior (2013)

We have investigated the zero-field critical supercurrent of YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-δ) bridges patterned from 50 nm thick films as a function of bridge width, ranging from 2 μm to 50 nm. The critical current density monotonically increases for decreasing bridge width even for widths smaller than the Pearl length. This behavior is accounted for by considering current crowding effects at the junction between the bridge and the wider electrodes. Comparison to numerical calculations of the current distributions in our bridge geometries of various widths yields a (local) critical current density at 4.2 K of 1.3×10(8) A/cm(2), the Ginzburg Landau depairing current density. The observation of up to 160 Shapiro-like steps in the current voltage characteristics under microwave irradiation substantiates the pristine character of our nanobridges with cross sections as small as 50×50 nm(2).
Habitat Restoration--Solving the Puzzle of Wildlife Diversity in Texas (1996)

This material was digitized as part of a cooperative project between the Society for Range Management, the National Agricultural Library, and the University of Arizona Libraries.
Energy efficiency and savings in pumping systems &#x2014; The holistic approach (2012)

Studies by the United States Department of Energy/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the European Commission show that more than 20% of the global motor electrical energy consumption is consumed by pumps. [1] This is confirmed in [2] in the paper written for the Water Institute of South Africa Conference 2012. Figure 1 below illustrates this. It is clear from the figure 2 above that the biggest saving opportunity over the life cycle of a pumping system lays within the electrical energy costs. This paper is aimed at identifying avenues that can be pursued in order to increase pumping system efficiency, reduce electrical running costs, reduce the pace at which power stations are being constructed and the respective rate at which fossil fuels are used and ultimately the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> ) emissions into the atmosphere.
Sources of Commitment to Social Justice (1998)

Several years ago I pinned a cartoon on my wall to remind me of the possibilities and the fa ilures in the quest fo r social justice.The cartoon depicts a Black mother sitting next to her daughter who is tucked in bed in a dilapidated apartment.lThe mother reads aloud fr om a book entitled "Fairy Tales:" "Golly, let's do it!,"the President told the National Commis sion on Children ."If we can finance a Persian Gulf War, we can find the money to make every child in America healthy and secure!"Now, nearly a decade later, as the cartoon has curled at the edges and turned yellow, the prospect that the fa iry tale will come true has grown even dimmer.
Simultaneous determination of free thyroxine and capacity of thyroxine-binding globulin. (1981)

A simple method is described for the simultaneous determination of capacity thyroxine-binding of globulin (TBG) and free thyroxine concentration (FT4). The ratio of bound to free T4 (B/F) is first determined for two total-T4 concentrations using a Sephadex G-25 competitive-binding technique. TBG capacity and FT4 can both the calculated assuming a known value of affinity constant of TBG. The method is linear over a twenty-fold serum dilution. FT4 calculated is identical to that calculated using the method of Irvine. TBG capacity is shown to be linearly correlated to TBG concentration as determined by radioimmunoassay and is consistent with a molecular weight of 69,000 Daltons and one T4 binding site per molecule. FT4 is found to correlate with the free thyroxine index in a complicated way, depending on the degree of TBG saturation.
Acute versus chronic sodium bicarbonate ingestion and anaerobic work and power output. (2001)

We would suggest using chronic ingestion as a means to improve high intensity work rather than the acute ingestion of sodium bicarbonate. The ingestion of sodium bicarbonate, over a period of six days, significantly improved work output two days after bicarbonate ingestion ceased.
Needle core biopsy of mammographic lesions. (1994)

Needle core biopsy and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) provide histologic diagnoses in a wide variety of clinical settings. In breast disease, surgeons have used these techniques to evaluate palpable masses for many years. In recent years, radiologists have used image-guided adaptations of these two techniques to evaluate mammographically detected lesions.
Prototype testing simplified by scannable buffers and latches (2003)

Conventional logic devices incorporating boundary scan with the proposed IEEE P1149.1 interface have been shown to offer great improvements in board testing. These improvements are contrasted with traditional approaches for the design verification, debugging, and testing of a prototype system. The incorporation of boundary scan has been demonstrated to impose a minimal real estate overhead and change the process of design verification and testing making it beneficial to both the design engineer and test engineer. The use of devices incorporating boundary scan will reduce the cost of testing. By using the devices that support the P1149.1 architecture in the prototype system considered, some of the problems and questions associated with the verification and testing of prototype systems (or even production systems) were solved. In addition to solving the problems, the verification and testing processes were simplified.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Negative Feedback and Adaptive Resistance to the Targeted Therapy of Cancer (2012)

Negative feedback pathways are ubiquitous features of growth factor signaling networks. Because growth factor signaling networks play essential roles in the majority of cancers, their therapeutic targeting has become a major emphasis of clinical oncology. Drugs targeting these networks are predicted to inhibit the pathway but also to relieve the negative feedback. This loss of negative feedback can itself promote oncogenic signals and cancer cell survival. Drug-induced relief of feedback may be viewed as one of the major consequences of targeted therapy and a key contributor to therapeutic resistance.
Urban water supply distributed control system (2008)

The rapid growing of the wide urban residential areas imposes the expansion as well as the modernization of the existing water supply facilities. Process automation system based upon utilization of an industrial PLC and PC systems including all the network components represents the best way to improve the water distribution technological process. The system includes remote terminal units - RTU, specific transducers and actuators distributed on a wide geographical area and control and power panels for the pump stations. The reliable instrumentation connected to PLC or RTU assure real time monitoring of the main technological parameters of large water distribution networks. The data acquired of SCADA system (supervisory control and data acquisition) represent the support for optimization of the process and data-driven decision support system. The system uses HMI implemented on PC to ensure the process supervision and remote control functions based on OPC technologies and wireless communication components for WAN data transfer. The complete SCADA system for water distribution enable the user to get a high operation safety of the network, a cost effective use of equipment, energy efficiency and optimize the daily operation and maintenance procedures.
A VISUALIZATION METHOD BASED ON FOVEATION (2005)

A human visual system inspired process called foveation is an approach in managing the level of detail by controlling the region of interest. The scene is segmented according to the principles of our visual perception, modeling how the fovea behaves. Foveation is interesting for designing robot eyes, and in bandwidth/resource hungry visualization tasks. It is also relevant for limited hardware capacity and processing very large datasets. Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Cartography deals with large images and scenes. Even though there are a few different approaches for managing the level of detail; foveation is not widely known or utilized in these fields. This paper presents an introduction to foveation, an argumentation of how and why it could be useful for Geoinformation applications. An implementation of foveation for stereo imaging, called Foveaglyph, is also presented to demonstrate the concept.
The Elusive Pathophysiology of Neurally Mediated Syncope (2000)

yncope is defined as a sudden transient loss of conscious- ness and postural tone due to cerebral hypoperfusion. Although no permanent medical sequelae should result from syncope itself, isolated or recurrent events are often dramatic and disrupt the lifestyle of affected individuals. Syncope is a common clinical problem that affects up to 3.5% of the general population. 1 Strikingly, in close to 40% of cases, the exact cause of syncope remains elusive, and 30% of affected patients will experience recurrent episodes. eurally mediated syncope (NMS) is a common type of syncope (Figure Despite its prevalence, significant gaps in our understanding of its pathophysiology and treatment remain. The purpose of this review is to critically evaluate proposed theories that attempt to explain the pathophysiological mechanisms of NMS.
Nanowire waveguide made from extremely anisotropic metamaterials (2008)

Exact solutions are obtained for all the modes of wave propagation along an anisotropic cylindrical waveguide. Closed-form expressions for the energy flow on the waveguide are also derived. For extremely anisotropic waveguide where the transverse permittivity is negative $({\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}<0)$ while the longitudinal permittivity is positive $({\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}>0)$, only transverse magnetic (TM) and hybrid modes will propagate on the waveguide. At any given frequency the waveguide supports an infinite number of eigenmodes. Among the TM modes, at most only one mode is forward wave. The rest of them are backward waves which can have very large effective index. At a critical radius, the waveguide supports degenerate forward- and backward-wave modes with zero group velocity. These waveguides can be used as phase shifters and filters, and as optical buffers to slow down and trap light.
Size Reduction (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSize ReductionRichard H. SnowCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1970, 62, 11, 36–43Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50731a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50731a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views284Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The Cyclization of β-p-Methoxyphenylpropionic Acid (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Cyclization of β-p-Methoxyphenylpropionic AcidWilliam S. Johnson and Wesley E. ShelbergCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1945, 67, 10, 1853–1854Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01226a503https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01226a503research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views81Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Transparent Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Gels: A Classification Scheme (1997)

An attempt is made to classify transparent organic/inorganic materials synthesized by the sol–gel process. The chemical structures of the hybrids are the main criteria for this classification. Three main types of organic/inorganic gels are distinguished and their basic physico-chemical characteristics are outlined. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of dietary levels of protein and amino acids on utilization of certain minerals in growing Japanese quail (2009)

Day-old quail chicks (n=928) were divided into 24 groups of 38–39 chicks in each. Eight dietary treatments with four levels of essential amino acids (EAA) 80, 90, 100 and 108% of NRC (1994); each with or without fish meal were formulated following 4 (amino acid levels)x2 (protein type) factorial design. The dietary protein levels were 19.4, 21.0, 22.52 and 24.06% at a constant energy level of 2900 kcal ME/kg diet. Each dietary treatment was allotted to 3 groups (replicates) from day-old. At 3rd week of age, a metabolism trial was conducted involving all the birds to assess utilization of calcium, phosphorus, copper, manganese and zinc. There was increase (P<0.01) in live weight at 3rd wk of age. There was significant (P<0.01) increase in intake of calcium, phosphorus, copper, manganese and zinc with the increased dietary protein and amino acid (AA) levels. Calcium excretion and retention increased significantly (P<0.01) with the increased dietary level of protein and amino acids. Phosphorus excretion did not alter but retention improved (P<0.01) with higher levels of amino acids. Zinc excretion increased (P<0.01) only in 108% dietary AA level, while retention improved (P<0.01) linearly with increased AA level. Excretion of copper and manganese, and retention of manganese increased with the AA levels. The results indicated that increased dietary protein and or amino acids improved intake and retention of calcium, phosphorus, copper, manganese and zinc in growing quails.