gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Underwater Wireless Sensor Communications in the 2.4 GHz ISM Frequency Band (2012)

One of the main problems in underwater communications is the low data rate available due to the use of low frequencies. Moreover, there are many problems inherent to the medium such as reflections, refraction, energy dispersion, etc., that greatly degrade communication between devices. In some cases, wireless sensors must be placed quite close to each other in order to take more accurate measurements from the water while having high communication bandwidth. In these cases, while most researchers focus their efforts on increasing the data rate for low frequencies, we propose the use of the 2.4 GHz ISM frequency band in these special cases. In this paper, we show our wireless sensor node deployment and its performance obtained from a real scenario and measures taken for different frequencies, modulations and data transfer rates. The performed tests show the maximum distance between sensors, the number of lost packets and the average round trip time. Based on our measurements, we provide some experimental models of underwater communication in fresh water using EM waves in the 2.4 GHz ISM frequency band. Finally, we compare our communication system proposal with the existing systems. Although our proposal provides short communication distances, it provides high data transfer rates. It can be used for precision monitoring in applications such as contaminated ecosystems or for device communicate at high depth.
Learning to Predict and Explain: An Integration of Similarity-Based, Theory-Driven, and Explanation-Based Learning (1991)

We analyze the types of information that human learners rely on in the acquisition of predictive and explanatory knowledge. We present OCCAM, a computational model of this learning task that integrates three learning methods: similarity-based learning (SBL), explanation-based learning (EBL), and theory-driven learning (TDL). We focus on the strengths and weaknesses of each learning method and describe how they can be integrated in a complementary fashion. The goal of this integration is to provide a learning architecture that accounts for the effects of prior knowledge on human learning. The integration helps to explain how a learner can learn rapidly when new experiences are consistent with prior knowledge while still retaining the ability to learn in novel domains (although more slowly). In addition, we present experimental evidence that an integrated model converges on accurate concepts more rapidly than either method applied individually. OCCAM is unique among learning models in that it can make use of data-intensive learning methods to acquire the knowledge needed for knowledge-intensive learning.
Aetiology of myopia. (1990)

Angiitis of the central nervous system (ACNS) is a rather new disease entity that is defined as vascular inflammation limited to the central nervous system and was formally nominated in 1959. Etiologically, it can be divided into primary and secondary ACNS. However, the potential pathogenesis of ACNS remains unclear. The clinical presentation is variable, and there is no consensus concerning its diagnosis and management. Although the incidence is relatively low, ACNS is still a life-threatening condition. It is essential to get a comprehensive and updated understanding of the disease. In this paper, we reviewed the history, definition, classification, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations of ACNS. In addition, we focused on the latest investigations and viewpoints regarding the diagnosis and treatment of ACNS.
Decellularized extracellular matrices produced from immortal cell lines derived from different parts of the placenta support primary mesenchymal stem cell expansion (2017)

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) exhibit undesired phenotypic changes during ex vivo expansion, limiting production of the large quantities of high quality primary MSCs needed for both basic research and cell therapies. Primary MSCs retain many desired MSC properties including proliferative capacity and differentiation potential when expanded on decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) prepared from primary MSCs. However, the need to use low passage number primary MSCs (passage 3 or lower) to produce the dECM drastically limits the utility and impact of this technology. Here, we report that primary MSCs expanded on dECM prepared from high passage number (passage 25) human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) transduced immortal MSC cell lines also exhibit increased proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Two hTERT-transduced placenta-derived MSC cell lines, CMSC29 and DMSC23 [derived from placental chorionic villi (CMSCs) and decidua basalis (DMSCs), respectively], were used to prepare dECM-coated substrates. These dECM substrates showed structural and biochemical differences. Primary DMSCs cultured on dECM-DMSC23 showed a three-fold increase in cell number after 14 days expansion in culture and increased osteogenic differentiation compared with controls. Primary CMSCs cultured on the dECM-DMSC23 exhibited a two-fold increase in cell number and increased osteogenic differentiation. We conclude that immortal MSC cell lines derived from different parts of the placenta produce dECM with varying abilities for supporting increased primary MSC expansion while maintaining important primary MSC properties. Additionally, this is the first demonstration of using high passage number cells to produce dECM that can promote primary MSC expansion, and this advancement greatly increases the feasibility and applicability of dECM-based technologies.
Immunoadjuvant properties of chitosan. (1991)

Adjuvant activity of water insoluble chitosan suspension was examined in CBA mice. Among different types of immune reaction only T-dependent humoral response against SRBC was enhanced by injection of chitosan. The optimal conditions of administration of both agents (antigen-SRBC, adjuvant-chitosan) was established.
Broad-band coupling of THz radiation to an hot-electron bolometer mixer (1996)

We report on broad-band coupling of THz radiation to an superconducting hot-electron bolometer. The bolometer - a micro-bridge of an film with a protection layer - was built in a hybrid quasioptical antenna system consisting of a planar self-complementary spiral antenna on a dielectric substrate and an extended hyperhemispherical lens. The planar antenna was integrated into a coplanar transmission line for broad-band intermediate-frequency matching. Measurements performed in the direct detection regime between 2.5 THz and 4.2 THz delivered a system coupling efficiency for the radiation in the fundamental Gaussian mode of about 0.1 and a beam width of the radiation pattern of less than one degree. The pattern was consistent with the far-field radiation pattern that we calculated with a ray-tracing technique. At an intermediate frequency of 1.5 GHz we measured an output noise temperature of for the bolometer driven in the resistive state by both dc and THz current and estimated, for the heterodyne regime, a system noise temperature of . We studied the effect of a protection layer on the rate of phonon escape from the micro-bridge and, thus, on the output frequency bandwidth of the device. We discuss possibilities of a significant improvement of the device performance.
Applications of iron nanoparticles for groundwater remediation (2006)

Abstract Iron nanoparticles are increasingly being applied in site remediation and hazardous waste treatment. Nearly a decade after it was first proposed in 1996, the iron nanoparticle technology is at a critical stage of its developmental process. Significant research innovations have been made in terms of synthetic methods, surface property modification, and enhancement for field delivery and reactions. Extensive laboratory studies have demonstrated that nanoscale iron particles are effective for the treatment of a wide array of common groundwater contaminants such as chlorinated organic solvents, organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organic dyes, and various inorganic compounds. Several field tests have also demonstrated the promising prospective for in situ remediation. Nonetheless, there are still considerable knowledge gaps on many fundamental scientific issues (e.g., fate, transport, and environmental impact) and economic hurdles, which could determine the acceptance of the technology within the academic community as well as by regulators and the private sector. An overview of the iron nanoparticle technology is provided in this article, beginning with a description of the process fundamentals. This is followed by a discussion of the synthetic schemes for the nanoparticle types developed at Lehigh University. Next, a summary of the major research findings is provided, highlighting the key characteristics and remediation‐related advantages of the iron nanoparticle technology versus the granular/microscale iron technology. A discussion of challenges related to its future directions and environmental impact is presented. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Changes in Tumorigenesis- and Angiogenesis-related Gene Transcript Abundance Profiles in Ovarian Cancer Detected by Tailored High Density cDNA Arrays (2000)

In-house production of tailored cDNA arrays, coupled to comprehensive analysis of resulting hybridization profiles, provides an accessible, reliable, and highly effective method of applying array technology to study disease processes. In the ovary, abundance of specific tumor markers, increased macrophage recruitment mediators, a late-stage angiogenesis profile, and the presence of chemoresistance-related markers distinguished normal and advanced ovarian cancer tissue samples. Detection of such parallel changes in pathway- and tissue-specific markers may prove a hallmark ready for application in reproductive disease diagnostic and therapeutic developments.
Computer program for clustering data points on the sphere. [HYBMODE] (1974)

The computer program, HYBMODE, has been developed to meet the need for a fast and economical method for clustering data points on the sphere. The algorithm used in this development is an extension of D. Wishart's one-level mode analysis. The program can be used to cluster either vectorial or axial data; it is currently being used by the Bureau of Mines to cluster fracture orientations.
The use of the Oxford hip and knee scores (2007)

The Oxford hip and knee scores have been extensively used since they were first described in 1996 and 1998. During this time, they have been modified and used for many different purposes. This paper describes how they should be used and seeks to clarify areas of confusion.
Effect of stress on the life span of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (2000)

A correlation is known to exist in yeast and other organisms between the cellular resistance to stress and the life span. The aim of this study was to examine whether stress treatment does affect the generative life span of yeast cells. Both heat shock (38 degrees C, 30 min) and osmotic stress (0.3 M NaCl, 1 h) applied cyclically were found to increase the mean and maximum life span of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Both effects were more pronounced in superoxide dismutase-deficient yeast strains (up to 50% prolongation of mean life span and up to 30% prolongation of maximum life span) than in their wild-type counterparts. These data point to the importance of the antioxidant barrier in the stress-induced prolongation of yeast life span.
Direct, dynamic assessment of cell‐matrix interactions inside fibrillar collagen lattices (2003)

Cell mechanical behavior has traditionally been studied using 2-D planar elastic substrates. The goal of this study was to directly assess cell-matrix mechanical interactions inside more physiologic 3-D collagen matrices. Rabbit corneal fibroblasts transfected to express GFP-zyxin were plated at low density inside 100 micro m-thick type I collagen matrices. 3-D datasets of isolated cells were acquired at 1-3-min intervals for up to 5 h using fluorescent and Nomarski DIC imaging. Unlike cells on 2-D substrates, cells inside the collagen matrices had a bipolar morphology with thin pseudopodial processes, and without lamellipodia. The organization of the collagen fibrils surrounding each cell was clearly visualized using DIC. Using time-lapse color overlays of GFP and DIC images, displacement and/or realignment of collagen fibrils by focal adhesions could be directly visualized. During pseudopodial extension, new focal adhesions often formed in a line along collagen fibrils in front of the cell, while existing adhesions moved backward. This process generated tractional forces as indicated by the pulling in of collagen fibrils in front of the cell. Meanwhile, adhesions on both the dorsal and ventral surface of the cell body generally moved forward, resulting in contractile shortening along the pseudopodia and localized extracellular matrix (ECM) compression. Cytochalasin D induced rapid disassembly of focal adhesions, cell elongation, and ECM relaxation. This experimental model allows direct, dynamic assessment of cell-matrix interactions inside a 3-D fibrillar ECM. The data suggest that adhesions organize along actin-based contractile elements that are much less complex than the network of actin filaments that mechanically links lamellar adhesions on 2-D substrates.
EVIDENCE Proof Generally: Provide Procedures for Operating and Maintaining a DNA Data Bank (1992)

The Act provides procedures for the development and maintenance of a data bank containing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) analysis of blood taken from convicted sex offenders. The Act sets procedures for the withdrawal of the blood samples. The Act authorizes the Georgia Bureau of Investigation Division of Forensic Sciences (GBIDFS) to perform DNA analysis of the blood for the purpose of determining identification characteristics of the person from whom the blood was taken, and to set up a data bank containing the results of the analysis. The Act provides procedures to release this information and dictates to whom it may be released. The Act emphasizes confidentiality of the results of the analysis and provides penalties for unauthorized use and release of the results.
A binding protocol for distributed shared objects (2002)

A number of actions, collectively known as binding, prepare a reference for invocation of its target: locating the target, setting up a connection, checking access rights and concurrency control state, type-checking, instantiating a proxy, etc. Existing languages or operating systems support only a single binding policy, that cannot be tailored to object-specific semantics for the management of distribution, replication, or persistence. We propose a general binding protocol covering the above needs; the protocol is simple (a single RPC and one upcall at each end) but recursive; however the recursion can be terminated at any point, trading off simplicity and performance against completeness. This comprehensive, unified protocol is capable of supporting different languages and object models, and may be tailored to support various policies in a simple manner.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Education on the move (1962)

Recent advances in educational research are an indication of things to come. The author, dean of the School of Education at the University of Delaware, proposes certain positive steps that could lead to even more significant progress in the future.
State-of-the-art Review on Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites (2013)

The unceasing upgrading of techniques and processes to fabricate high purity carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and the improvement of the available techniques to produce high performance matrix materials, have fostered the way to enhance composite materials and their properties, either mechanical, thermal, electrical or magnetic. CNTs reinforcements have been introduced into polymers, ceramics, cement-based materials and metals. Po ly mers were the first material to be explo ited as matrix material being reinforced by CNTs. Up to now other materials have tentatively been investigated for that purpose, including metals. Today, many applications of CNT reinforced co mposites exist but CNT reinfo rced metals are still scarce and only found in very specific applications. Several reasons can be identified but the still gro wing demand for lighter and stronger metals paved the way to more fundamental research on the topic of CNT reinforced metal matrix co mposites (MMCs). Th is review describes the state-of-the art in this field and highlights the excellent and promising mechanical, thermal, electrical properties of CNT reinforced MM Cs.
Learning Entity and Relation Embeddings for Knowledge Graph Completion (2015)

Knowledge graph completion aims to perform link prediction between entities. In this paper, we consider the approach of knowledge graph embeddings. Recently, models such as TransE and TransH build entity and relation embeddings by regarding a relation as translation from head entity to tail entity. We note that these models simply put both entities and relations within the same semantic space. In fact, an entity may have multiple aspects and various relations may focus on different aspects of entities, which makes a common space insufficient for modeling. In this paper, we propose TransR to build entity and relation embeddings in separate entity space and relation spaces. Afterwards, we learn embeddings by first projecting entities from entity space to corresponding relation space and then building translations between projected entities. In experiments, we evaluate our models on three tasks including link prediction, triple classification and relational fact extraction. Experimental results show significant and consistent improvements compared to state-of-the-art baselines including TransE and TransH.
A Three-Phase ZVS PWM DC/DC Converter With Asymmetrical Duty Cycle for High Power Applications (2005)

This paper proposes the application of the asymmetrical duty cycle to the three-phase dc/dc pulse-width modulation isolated converter. Thus, soft commutation is achieved for a wide load range using the leakage inductance of the transformer and the intrinsic capacitance of the switches, as no additional semiconductor devices are needed. The resulting topology is characterized by an increase in the input current and output current frequency, by a factor of three compared to the full-bridge converter, which reduces the filters size. In addition, the rms current through the power components is lower, implying the improved thermal distribution of the losses. Besides, the three-phase transformer allows the reduction of the core size. In this paper, a mathematical analysis, the main waveforms, a design procedure, as well as simulation and experimental results obtained in a prototype of 6 kW are presented.
Monomode fibre components for dynamic light scattering (1987)

The design, construction and evaluation of monomode optical fibre components for miniaturised laser velocimetry and photon correlation spectroscopy experiments is described.
Optimization of Ohmic Contacts to ZnSe by Parabolic Grading of ZnSe<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Te<sub><i>x</i></sub> Composition (1995)

Abstract A new type of grading, namely, parabolic grading, for the purpose of improving ohmic contacts to p‐type ZnSe is presented. The valence band profiles as well as the critical grading length for a 1 kT barrier are calculated for a parabolically graded Zn(Se, Te) structure. Comparison of our results with those of linearly graded structures shows the clear advantage of parabolic grading.
Extent of underdiagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia in routine practice: prospective registry study (2000)

In heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia the cumulative risk of a fatal or non-fatal coronary event by the age of 60 without effective treatment is at least 50% in men and about 30% in women. 1 2 The prognosis has improved substantially with widespread use of statins for lipid lowering. 3 The estimated occurrence of the condition is about 1 in 500. 4 We aimed to determine the prevalence of diagnosed familial hypercholesterolaemia and to estimate the proportion of expected cases that are identified in routine clinical practice.
Changes in beta 4 integrin expression and localization in vivo in response to corneal epithelial injury. (1996)

These data show that changes in expression and localization of beta 4 integrin occur in the corneal epithelium in response to debridement wounding in vivo. Previously, we had shown that quantitative changes in beta 4 integrin expression do not occur in an in vitro organ culture model used for the study of corneal epithelial cell migration. Increased beta 4 expression may not be required for migration per se, but it may be play a role in either stabilizing cell:cell or cell:substrate adhesion in vivo or in preparing cells to undergo mitosis during restratification.
Geological map of the Karakoram fault zone, Eastern Karakoram, Ladakh, NW Himalaya (2008)

Abstract Please click here to download the map associated with this article. The Eastern Karakoram is a remote and under studied region of Ladakh in the northwestern Himalaya. The geology of the area provides insight into the evolution of the south Asian margin since the Paleozoic and is dominated structurally by the Karakoram fault, an ~800 km long dextral strike-slip fault that bounds western Tibet. In this paper, a 1:250,000 geological map is presented based upon fieldwork and interpretation of satellite imagery. An overview of the geology of the Eastern Karakoram is also presented and includes a discussion of the architecture and kinematics of the central segment of the Karakoram fault. The construction of the map has aided our understanding of the initiation and evolution of the Karakoram fault and of the geology of the south Asian margin in this region.
Water use efficiency of foxtail Millet (Panicum italicum L.) under climate change conditions in Northwest regions of China (2016)

"A bsrAct Climate change represents a vital challenge in foxtail millet ( Panicum italicum L.) production for assuring development of foxtail millet and obtaining high yields in semi-arid and arid regions of China. The objective of this study was to show the impact of climate change on water use efficiency (WUE) of foxtail millet in dry-land areas of China. The study included yield of foxtail millet, soil water content, rainfall, and temperature data of three experimental sites between 1978 and 2007. All data was provided by the meteorological and agricultural administration centers of every location. The results showed that in Pingliang, Yulin, and Huhehot accumulated temperatures increased by 502, 5 41, and 857 ° C; rainfall decreased by 75.0, 84.3, and 162.5 mm; WUE of foxtail millet increased by about 0.3 kg ha - 1 mm - 1 when accumulated temperature increased by 100 ° C; rainfall decreased by 100 mm, which increased WUE of foxtail millet by about 1.2 kg ha - 1 mm - 1 . Coefficient of variation (CV) of accumulated temperature and CV of rainfall in Pingliang, Yulin, and Huhehot increased as latitudes of these locations moved up. Average WUE of foxtail millet in these locations increased when CV of accumulated temperature or CV of rainfall moved up. These results indicate that WUE of foxtail millet had an improvement due to climate warming and decreasing rainfall between 1978 and 2007."