gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Sp1 Family of Transcription Factors Is Involved in p27<sup>Kip1</sup>-Mediated Activation of Myelin Basic Protein Gene Expression (2003)

p27(Kip1) levels increase in many cells as they leave the cell cycle and begin to differentiate. The increase in p27(Kip1) levels generally precedes the expression of differentiation-specific genes. Previous studies from our laboratory showed that the overexpression of p27(Kip1) enhances myelin basic protein (MBP) promoter activity. This activation is specific to p27(Kip1). Additionally, inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase activity alone is not sufficient to increase MBP expression. In this study, we focused on understanding how p27(Kip1) can activate gene transcription by using the MBP gene in oligodendrocytes as a model. We show that the enhancement of MBP promoter activity by p27(Kip1) is mediated by a proximal region of the MBP promoter that contains a conserved GC box binding sequence. This sequence binds transcription factors Sp1 and Sp3. Increased expression of p27(Kip1) increases the level of Sp1 promoter binding to the GC box but does not change the level of Sp3 binding. The binding of Sp1 to this element activates the MBP promoter. p27(Kip1) leads to increased Sp1 binding through a decrease in Sp1 protein turnover. Enhancement of MBP promoter activity by an increase in the level of p27(Kip1) involves a novel mechanism that is mediated through the stabilization and binding of transcription factor Sp1.
Clathrin assembly proteins: affinity purification and a model for coat assembly. (1987)

Assembly protein (AP) preparations from bovine brain coated vesicles have been fractionated by clathrin-Sepharose affinity chromatography. Two distinct fractions that possess coat assembly activity were obtained and are termed AP-1 and AP-2. The AP-1, not retained on the resin, has principal components with molecular weights of 108,000, 100,000, 47,000, and 19,000. The AP-2, bound to the resin and eluted by Tris-HCl at a concentration that parallels the latter's effect on coat disassembly, corresponds to the active complex described previously (Zaremba, S., and J. H. Keen, 1983, J. Cell Biol., 97:1339-1347). Its composition is similar to that of the AP-1 in that it contains 100,000-, 50,000-, and 16,000-mol-wt polypeptides in equimolar amounts; minor amounts of 112,000- and 115,000-mol-wt polypeptides are also present. Both are distinct from a recently described assembly protein of larger subunit molecular weight that we term AP-3. These results indicate the existence of a family of assembly proteins within cells. On incubation with clathrin both AP-1 and AP-2 induce the formation of coat structures, those containing AP-1 slightly smaller (mean diameter = 72 nm) than those formed in the presence of AP-2 (mean diameter = 79 nm); both structures have been detected previously in coated vesicle preparations from brain. Coats formed in the presence of AP-2 consistently contain approximately one molecule each of the 100,000-, 50,000-, and 16,000-mol-wt polypeptides per clathrin trimer. By low angle laser light scattering the molecular weight of native AP-2 was determined to be approximately 343,000, indicating that it is a dimer of each of the three subunits, and implying that it is functionally bivalent in clathrin binding. A model for AP-mediated coat assembly is proposed in which a bivalent AP-2 molecule bridges the distal legs or terminal domains of two clathrin trimers that are destined to occupy adjacent vertices in the assembled coat. Binding of a second AP-2 molecule locks these two trimers in register for assembly and further addition of AP-2 to free trimer legs promotes completion of the clathrin lattice. Effects of AP binding on the angle and flexibility of the legs at the hub of the trimer (the "pucker") are suggested to account for the characteristic size distributions of coats formed under varied conditions and, more speculatively, to contribute to the transformation of flat clathrin lattices to curved coated vesicles that are thought to occur during endocytosis.
Enterprise information systems: technology first or process first? (2005)

Purpose Enterprise resource planning (ERP), a technological approach for enterprise information systems, has many recorded case examples of lengthy and expensive implementations reported in literature. This research has uncovered an alternative process‐driven and document‐based approach that may offer a simpler and more flexible solution compared with technology‐driven ERP. This paper investigates the differences and similarities of the two approaches, and also answers a related question: Is the enterprise system implementation an information systems effort performed to support the business processes, or is it a process re‐engineering effort required to implement the pre‐packaged software system? Design/methodology/approach To investigate the advantages and disadvantages of the two approaches to an enterprise information system, this research developed a unified modeling language (UML) process model of a manufactured housing company and used it as a basis for a conceptual level UML model for both an ERP‐ and a document‐based system. Findings In a designed experiment with UML‐fluent analysts, the process‐driven document solution to an enterprise information system was shown to be smaller, less complex and more flexible than an ERP solution at the conceptual design level. Practical implications Software specifications for the resulting document‐based system included only standard COTS software packages easily usable in companies of any size. Further, the potential for prototype as‐you‐go development offers opportunities for continuous refinement of the system in contrast with the episodic implementation of packaged ERP systems. Originality/value This alternative system highlights the desirability, for both academicians and practitioners, of concentrating on processes and then implementing the most suitable technology, rather than allowing the technology to impose constraints on processes.
<title>Target recognition based on the moment functions of radar signatures</title> (2002)

In this paper, we present the results of target recognition research based on the moment functions of various radar signatures, such as time-frequency signatures, range profiles, and scattering centers. The proposed approach utilizes geometrical moments or central moments of the obtained radar signatures. In particular, we derived exact and closed form expressions of the geometrical moments of the adaptive Gaussian representation (AGR), which is one of the adaptive joint time-frequency techniques, and also computed the central moments of range profiles and one-dimensional (1-D) scattering centers on a target, which are obtained by various super-resolution techniques. The obtained moment functions are further processed to provide small dimensional and redundancy-free feature vectors, and classified via a neural network approach or a Bayes classifier. The performances of the proposed technique are demonstrated using a simulated radar cross section (RCS) data set, or a measured RCS data set of various scaled aircraft models, obtained at the Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) compact range facility. Results show that the techniques in this paper can not only provide reliable classification accuracy, but also save computational resources.
COLUMN DESIGN TO CP110 (1974)

The new rules for concrete column design which appear in CP110 are discussed. The discussion centers around a comprehensive flow chart prepared by the author to facilitate the interpretation of CP110, and which is included in the article. With the aid of the flow chart, comments are made on the various decisions that are involved, these include whether the column is braced or unbraced, whether it is slender or short, its external dimensions, whether the column is lightly loaded and whether it carries a load at large eccentricity. Tables are included of n/bh (direct load divided by external dimensions) values for unreinforced and 8% steel reinforced columns for various values of the factor K. These may be used to prepare charts which may be utilized to readily calculate the K factor for any column in order to establish the most economic design. /TRRL/
Worlds within worlds: community, companionship and autonomy in Margaret Cavendish's "The blazing world" (2014)

Margaret Cavendish’s The Blazing World (1666) draws on the utopian mode in order to investigate and test out various types of community: scientific, religious, political, platonic, erotic, and also provides a fantasy of female agency. In addition, the underlying trope of The Blazing World of two worlds conjoined bears a tangential relationship to a seventeenth-century discourse of a particular type of community – that of friendship. The relationship between the native world of the Empress (the text’s protagonist) and the Blazing World provides the starting point of this image, but these two worlds are contiguous, not united. Moreover, the various internal communities over which the Empress presides are by no means ideal and signal the contingency of her self-determining powers. It is not until the Duchess of Newcastle’s entry into the Empress’s soul, having been invited by the Empress to help her write a cabbala, that the trope of friendship is fully played out as ‘two in one’. The focus shifts from community to companionship built on amity’s central components of consensus and counsel as the women become ‘like several parts of one united body’. But it is also the Duchess and Empress’s internal community that enables them both to gain autonomy when the Duchess, having created numerous world within her own head, advises the Empress to do the same: friendship therefore becomes the starting point for singularity. Not only does the text signal how the creation of internal worlds within the worlds of companionship and community complicate friendship’s bonds, but also points to the interactions friendship must make with outside concerns when marital, social and national ties require the Duchess and the Empress to return to their native countries, albeit together. In contrast with some of the discourses of friendship prevalent in the period which stress exclusivity, mutuality and interdependence between friends, the utopia of The Blazing World wittily presents a negotiation between autonomy, companionship and community that is born out of amity.
Design Principles for Iterated Hash Functions. (2004)

This paper deals with the security of iterated hash functions against generic attacks, such as, e.g., Joux’ multicollision attacks from Crypto 04 [6]. The core idea is to increase the size of the internal state of an n-bit hash function to w&gt; n bit. Variations of this core idea allow the use of a compression function with n output bits, even if the compression function itself is based on a block cipher. In a formal model, it is shown that these modifications quantifiably improve the security of iterated hash functions against generic attacks.
A comparison of models for calculating nuclear magnetic resonance shielding tensors (1996)

The direct (recomputation of two-electron integrals) implementation of the gauge-including atomic orbital (GIAO) and the CSGT (continuous set of gauge transformations) methods for calculating nuclear magnetic shielding tensors at both the Hartree-Fock and density functional levels of theory are presented. Isotropic 13C, 15N, and 17O magnetic shielding constants for several molecules, including taxol (C47H51NO14 using 1032 basis functions) are reported. Shielding tensor components determined using the GIAO and CSGT methods are found to converge to the same value at sufficiently large basis sets; however, GIAO shielding tensor components for atoms other than carbon are found to converge faster with respect to basis set size than those determined using the CSGT method for both Hartree-Fock and DFT. For molecules where electron correlation effects are significant, shielding constants determined using (gradient-corrected) pure DFT or hybrid methods (including a mixture of Hartree-Fock exchange and DFT exchange-correlation) are closer to experiment than those determined at the Hartree-Fock level of theory. For the series of molecules studied here, the RMS error for 13C chemical shifts relative to TMS determined using the B3LYP hybrid functional with the 6-311+G(2d,p) basis is nearly three times smaller than the RMS error for shifts determined using Hartree-Fock at this same basis. Hartree-Fock 13C chemical shifts calculated using the 6-31G* basis set give nearly the same RMS error as compared to experiment as chemical shifts obtained using Hartree-Fock with the bigger 6-311+G(2d,p) basis set for the range of molecules studied here. The RMS error for chemical shifts relative to TMS calculated at the Hartree-Fock 6-31G* level of theory for taxol (C47H51NO14) is 6.4 ppm, indicating that for large systems, this level of theory is sufficient to determine accurate 13C chemical shifts.
ION-EXCHANGE METHODS AND THEIR APPLICATION TO METALLURGICAL PROBLEMS (1956)

The past twenty years have seen great developments in ion-exchange techniques and their application, both on a laboratory and on an industrial scale. A considerable impetus was given to this subject during the war years, culminating in the successful application of ion-exchange methods to the separation of the rare earths and of other closely related elements. At the same time attempts were being made to use ion-exchange materials for the recovery of trace elements from solutions and process wastes, an application which is of importance in waste-disposal problems as well as for metal recovery. The importance of demineralized water supplies in a variety of chemical and metallurgical operations has led to considerable developments in water-treatment methods involving ion exchange; in addition, many new and valuable analytical separations have been achieved by using ion-exchange methods.
Abstract B50: Antiproliferative activity of the polar extract of Justicia spicigera on LNCaP cells (2010)

Abstract Justicia spicigera is a Mexican plant employed in traditional medicine for treatment of anemia, stomach illness and skin diseases. Furthermore, it has been suggested that this plant has anticancer properties on leukemia patients and in other types of cancer. However, the scientific evidence supporting these properties is not sufficient. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Justicia spicigera on proliferation and viability of the androgen-dependent human prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP.A polar extract was obtained by exhaustive maceration with water and ethanol (v/v) of the air parts of the plant. The phytochemical analysis by the color test and thin layer chromatography (TLC) showed the presence of antioxidant compounds like coumarins, flavonoids and anthocyanins, which was corroborated by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (H1 NMR). At the same time, the extract showed the presence of polyphenolic compounds detected by the Folin-Ciocalteu's reagent. The reducing power and the free radical scavenging capacity, was not too high in comparison with other less polar extracts of this plant, this could be explained by the high rate of glycosylation of the compounds in the sample. In the other hand, the polar extract of Justicia spicigera showed an antiproliferative activity on LNCaP cells since 500 g/ml of extract, measured by the MTT assay and direct cell account. Interestingly, cell morphology was not affected under these conditions. Likewise, the same extract did not show a relevant citotoxic effect (MTT assay) or an affectation on cellular viability (trypan blue assay) of LNCaP cells. Our study showed an antiproliferative effect of the polar extract of Justicia spicigera on LNCaP cells suggesting a potential use as anticancer agent. Further studies should focus on the characterization of compounds responsible of the effects observed on LNCaP cells, as well as in the definition of the mechanisms by which they affect the growth of these cells. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(12 Suppl):B50.
Best Practice of Selecting Strategic International Agency Banking (2014)

Abstract International agency or correspondent banking (corbanking) is cross border bank to bank businesses that agent banks act on behalf of principals. Despite drastic changing banking environment, corbanking remains from doing business by mainly fee based, packaging reciprocal products and services, and so on. Corbanking is therefore identified as an alternative to serve clients worldwide in a strategic low cost way. Best practice to identify for entering corbanking relationships and selecting their correspondents are the themes of this paper, which are useful for financial institutions to make strategic and operational decisions for their expansion. Eighteen determinant factors to establish corbanking relationships and nineteen selection criteria of correspondents were identified through literature reviews, case studies, and exploratory surveys. Empirical surveys were conducted on 43 sample banks in Australia, which were further categorized in ten bank groups. Analytical methods included descriptive statistics and stepwise least square regression with case studies. The findings were: the most significant factor for financial institutions to enter correspondent banking systems was the bank size and a lower ranking factor was location not physically present, whereas there was different consensus for different bank groups about the selection criteria for agents overseas.
Long-distance multistatic aircraft tracking with VHF frequency doppler effect (2014)

A multistatic Doppler radar concept based on long-distance VHF frequency recordings is presented and tested in a two-receiver, one-transmitter configuration. The core of the method is a mathematical model of Doppler shift generation in a passive configuration of many simultaneous transmitting radio stations and receivers that share the Doppler shift information they have recorded. The tracking capabilities of such a multistatic configuration are tested in an off-line experiment over a distance of 400 km. Aircraft position was recovered to an apparent precision of 1500 m. The method also corrects for errors in time synchronization between receivers.
Choosing among several parallel implementations of the backpropagation algorithm (2002)

Three parallel implementations of the backpropagation algorithm are studied. The performance for each of these implementations is estimated for three prototypes of neural architectures chosen in such a way that they are limit cases of a wide range of feedforward architectures. This study, based on performance analysis validated by experiments, follows two other papers already published.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System With Power Factor Correction (2008)

A combined grid-connection/power-factor-correction technique for a photovoltaic (PV) system is proposed in this letter. A maximum power point tracking dc/dc converter served as a charger for the battery bank. A bidirectional inverter is applied as a generator/discharger during daytime, supplying power to the load. The inverter can also be used as a charger to maintain the minimum required voltage level of the batteries when the PV power is insufficient. Experiments on a 1-kW PV system show satisfactory results of the power management and the unity power factor at the utility side.
Frugivorous and animalivorous bats (Microchiroptera): dental and cranial adaptations (1988)

The most derived fruit-eating bats have small canines, wide palates and molars with a distinctive labial rim. Paracone and metacone have moved from a dilambdodont position in the middle of the tooth to the labial side of the tooth where they form the labial cutting edge. Along with the well-developed and close fitting labial cutting edges of the premolars and canines, this cutting edge skirts nearly the entire perimeter of the palate. The labial rim of the lower teeth fit inside the labial rim of the upper teeth like two cookie cutters nesting one inside the other. Frugivores have a greater allocation of tooth area at the anterior end of the toothrow, while animalivorous species have more at the posterior end of the toothrow. The area occupied by canines of predators of struggling prey is greater than that for bats that eat non-struggling prey like fruit. In addition, frugivores have wider palates than long while many carnivores have longer palates than wide. Omnivores appear to have a more equal allocation of space to more kinds of teeth, particularly the incisors and non-molariform premolars, on the toothrow than do frugivores or animalivores. The mechanical nature of different food items is discussed and the suggestion made that describing foods in terms of their texture may be more important in tooth design than whether they are fruit or insect or vertebrate.
Optical recording of refractive-index patterns in doped poly-(methyl methacrylate) films (1984)

Thin films (3–6 μm) of poly-(methyl methacrylate) and benzildimethylketal were deposited from solutions in methyl methacrylate or styrene. The formation of refractive-index changes (Δn) by illumination with 366-nm light was studied over a large concentration range of ketal. For low concentrations benzildimethylketal acts mainly as a photoinitiator inducing Δn patterns via polymerization of the residual monomer. In the region of higher ketal contents the Δn formation is caused presumably by a photochemical reaction of benzildimethylketal. After thermal development and fixing, refractive-index changes up to 5 × 10−2 could be obtained.
Genomic Imprinting and Long Noncoding RNA (2014)

Genomic imprinting is a kind of epigenetic mechanism,which affects monoallelic parent-oforigin-specific expression in mammal's development. Noncoding RNA( ncRNA) is a polynucleotides that does not code protein,it can regulate gene transcription. At least one non-coding RNA transcript is existed in most of the imprinted loci and genomic imprinting is mainly regulated by lang-non-coding RNA which the length is longer than 200 nt,through cis-transcriptional interference. Aberrant expression of imprinting gene and related lncRNA are the cause of some congenital diseases. So far,dozens of genetic imprinting is found to be related with human genetic diseases,in which genomic imprinting regulated by lncRNA plays an important role in the occurrence and treatment. The regulation disscussed mechanism of the genomic imprinting by lncRNA and its related diseases.
Passive coherent location radar systems. Part 1: Performance prediction (2005)

Passive coherent location (PCL) systems are a variant of bistatic radar that exploit ‘illuminators of opportunity’ as their sources of radar transmission. Dispensing with the need for a dedicated transmitter makes PCL inherently low cost, and hence attractive for a broad range of applications. Although a number of experimental and development examples exist, relatively little has been reported on the detailed performance of these systems and the resulting effects that these will have on the interpretation of backscatter and exploitation of derived information. In the paper a bistatic form of the radar range equation specifically tailored to PCL systems is developed. Realistic examples are used to examine and compare variations in sensitivity and coverage for three candidate transmitters of opportunity. These are analogue FM radio, cellular phone base stations and digital audio broadcast (DAB). These examples show that a wide and extremely useful set of detection ranges are achievable and also highlight some of the key issues underpinning more detailed aspects of predicting detection performance.