gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Optimization of methods for immobilizing antibodies against the carcino-embryonic antigen on insoluble matrices. Equilibrium parameters of the interaction of the immobilized antibodies with the antigen]. (1988)

To obtain highly efficient immunosorbents for solid-phase immunoassay and affinity chromatography, methods for immobilization of antibodies against the carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) on insoluble matrices were optimized. The immunosorbents obtained were characterized by equilibrium parameters of the reaction between immobilized anti-CEA and CEA calculated from rather a simple kinetic model. This model describes the interaction of the monovalent antigen with two independent types of binding sites. The role of some amino acid residues of anti-CEA in the interaction with CEA was investigated. The effects of immobilization density and the spacer arm length on the functional properties of the immobilized antibodies were studied. The optimal immunosorbent was used to purify 125I-CEA by immunoaffinity chromatography.
The Membrane Domain of SpoIIIE Is Required for Membrane Fusion during <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Sporulation (2003)

During Bacillus subtilis sporulation, SpoIIIE is required for both postseptational chromosome segregation and membrane fusion after engulfment. Here we demonstrate that SpoIIIE must be present in the mother cell to promote membrane fusion and that the N-terminal membrane-spanning segments constitute a minimal membrane fusion domain, as well as direct septal localization.
The Web-based fuzzy patient monitor system (2002)

We tried to develop a patient monitoring system using fuzzy information. According to a trend from a client-server system to a Web-based system, this fuzzy patient monitoring system was advanced by adding a Web-based monitoring system which was offered with real-time per about 10 seconds. This system is operated in the Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.0 because of a FTP ActiveX control which transfers the updated-file of a patient monitoring information and alarms by pre-setting values on a server. This system offers not only the real-time monitoring information but also the references of a patient's ECG waveform and a past recorded data.
Organic pig farming: key characteristics, opportunities, advantages and challanges (2019)

Organic pig production strives to provide housing and management conditions that guarantee a high level of animal health and welfare, sustainability, a closed soil–plant–animal cycle and produce high-quality products. This chapter discusses how housing of organic pigs affects welfare and the environment, and outlines how organic production systems are desperately in need of alternatives to feedstuffs that are in direct competition with human nutrition. The chapter examines why certain breeding goals should be adapted to organic conditions, and which health problems are typical for organic housing systems. Finally, the chapter shows how waiving of castration could be a challenge but also a chance for organic pig production and looks ahead to future research trends in this area.
Evaluation of atmospheric correction using FLAASH (2008)

This paper evaluated the capability of FLAASH in ENVI software to make atmospheric correction for Hyperion hyperspectral image and ALI image. Hyperion and ALI sensors are two of the three instruments onboard NASA EO-1 satellite, New Millennium Program (NMP) launched on November 21, 2000, and Hyperion is the first spaceborne hyperspectral imaging spectrometer. The study area is Zhangye city (37°28’N–39°57’N, 97°20’E–102°12’E) in Heihe River valley of Gansu province, China. Using TM data with UTM projection, Hyperion hyperspectral data acquired on September 10, 2007 and ALI data on September 20, 2007 were geometrically and radiometrically corrected, and then atmospherically corrected using FLAASH. Surface reflectance spectra of corn, water body, desert and buildings were extracted from these two images and made comparison with apparent reflectance. Canopy reflectance spectra of corn were recorded using ASD Fieldspec spectroradiometer in near-real time to coincide with EO-1 satellite sensor overpass. According to filter function of ALI and central wavelength and Gaussian filter function based on full width at half maximum (FWHM) of Hyperion, the ASD reflectance spectra were resampled to corresponding Hyperion and ALI bands. Results showed that resampled ASD spectra of corn were consistent with spectra on Hyperion and ALI images after FLAASH. This demonstrated the effectiveness of atmospheric correction using FLAASH.
LII.—<i>Description of a new genus for the reception of the North-American moths hitherto referred to</i> Telesilla <i>of Herrich-Schäffer</i> (1891)

(1891). LII.—Description of a new genus for the reception of the North-American moths hitherto referred to Telesilla of Herrich-Schäffer. Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Vol. 7, No. 41, pp. 461-462.
Immunologic modulation of cartilage metabolism. (1987)

Preservation of the structural integrity of cartilage requires that metabolic homeostasis be maintained between chondrocyte anabolic and catabolic functions. This critical balance is perturbed in osteoarthritis (OA) in which synovial tissue and subchondral intratrabecular marrow often contain a focal and at times more diffuse mononuclear cell infiltration. Cytokines derived from T lymphocytes and monocytes have a capacity to: a) cause qualitative changes in and reversibly suppress chondrocyte proteoglycan, collagen, and non-collagen protein synthesis, and b) induce the synthesis and release of chondrocyte proteinases. Factors having comparable metabolic regulatory activity are produced by synovial tissue derived from idiopathic and secondary forms of OA.
Multi-Layer Microstrip Array Antenna (1988)

The bandwidth behaviour of a pair of stacked rectangular patches is investigated experimentally. The return loss is measured as functions of the size of the upper patch and the separation of the patches. The band-width of the optimized stacked antenna is twice as broad as the bandwidth of the single patch with equal height. At the same time the cross polarisation level is much lower. The stacked microstrip patch is used in an L-band planar array antenna for IFF applications. The aperture consists of two rows of six elements each. A corporate feed network in stripline is mounted as an integrated part behind the antenna aperture. A low density foam is used as a dielectric to obtain a light weight design. Sum and difference radiation patterns are generated. The difference sidelobe level is greater than the sum level to be able to suppress replies outside the sum main beam.
Software Engineering (1976)

This paper provides a definition of the term "software engineering" and a survey of the current state of the art and likely future trends in the field. The survey covers the technology available in the various phases of the software life cycle—requirements engineering, design, coding, test, and maintenance—and in the overall area of software management and integrated technology-management approaches. It is oriented primarily toward discussing the domain of applicability of techniques (where and when they work), rather than how they work in detail. To cover the latter, an extensive set of 104 references is provided.
48.4: Enhancement of Motion Image Quality in LCDs (2004)

Abstract It is well known that conventionally driven LCDs exhibit motion image blur due to slow response time and a hold‐type driving method. In this paper, we evaluate motion blur as a function of image speed, and quantitatively show that the blurring can be significantly reduced through a combination of dynamic capacitance compensation (DCC) and black frame insertion.
Macro malware: dissecting a malicious Word document (2017)

Malware activity is increasing all the time but one thing seems to remain constant: emails with attached documents persist as a common means of delivering malware to unsuspecting victims. And one technique in particular has continued to be popular among attackers – attaching a Microsoft Word document containing an embedded macro that downloads and executes the malware.
A low level commutation system for telemetry application (1957)

The problems encountered in designing a satisfactory low-level commutation system for thermocouple signals are discussed and the capabilities of the system are outlined. The system as designed is capable of handling grounded, ungrounded and partially grounded thermocouples whose output voltages vary from zero to 10 millivolts. The sampled millivolt output signals are amplified and utilized in a PAM/FM/FM telemetry system meeting the requirements established in the I.R.I.G. standards.
Testing optical system with high NA based on phase retrieval (2013)

The interferometric method has been widely used in wavefront sensing of optical systems,however,manufacturing a reference objective with high numerical aperture(NA) has high production costs and risks.The optical interferometric method used in wavefront sensing of the optical system with high NA meets trouble.Using the phase retrieval method,a wavefront testing for optical system with high NA was done and diffraction beam from a pinhole was used as an ideal testing wavefront.The point spread functions(PSF) of wavefront with different frequencies were simulated,and the actual condition need was analyzed.A novel way was introduced into the error analysis,due to the lack of high accurate contrast verification.Wavefront sensing of a microscope optical system has been completed.Through this confirmatory experiment,its results verify this method.
Second-order optical nonlinearities in dilute melt proton exchange waveguides in <i>z</i>-cut LiNbO3 (1996)

Planar optical waveguides with different refractive indices are made in z-cut LiNbO3 with a dilute proton exchange method using a system of glycerol containing KHSO4 and lithium benzoate. The optical second-order susceptibilities of these waveguides are measured by detecting the 266 nm reflected second-harmonic signal generated by a 532 nm beam directed onto the waveguide surface. It is found for this kind of waveguides that in the waveguide region all the second-order susceptibilities take values of at least 90% of the original LiNbO3 values for refractive index changes less than ∼0.013 at the 632.8 nm wavelength, whereas the susceptibilities are strongly reduced for larger index changes.
White-light emitting ZnO–SiO<sub>2</sub>nanocomposite thin films prepared by the target-attached sputtering method (2005)

ZnO–SiO2 nanocomposite thin films were prepared using the target-attached RF sputtering method without substrate heating. The PL measurements showed that the SiO2 films containing uniformly dispersed ZnO nanoparticles emit white light consisting of violet, blue, and green–yellow band emissions. The presence of the blue emission is attributed to the large number of ZnO/SiO2 interfaces, which enlarges the depletion layer width and then enhances the related transition. The Gaussian curve fitting of PL spectra revealed that the competition between the blue and green–yellow band emissions and the relative emission intensity is strongly associated with the number of ZnO nanoparticles embedded in the SiO2 matrix. XPS analysis revealed that the main component of the oxygen defect species in the ZnO nanocomposite thin films is 'O−' ions (531.1–531.7 eV) at the subsurface. Within the knowledge of the defect configuration, XPS data were also utilized to estimate the oxygen vacancies and the specific carrier concentration in ZnO nanoparticles and relate to the integrated intensities of emission bands. Further analyses indicated that the defect structure of samples could be manipulated by the number and distribution of ZnO nanoparticles in SiO2 matrix to yield a distinct luminescence spectrum.
Sparse matrix permutations to a block triangular form in a distributed environment (2013)

Arranging the sparse circuit matrix into a diagonal block upper triangular form is the first step of the KLU algorithm. This paper presents the two steps of the parallel algorithm, running in a distributed environment, that performs unsymmetric and symmetric permutations of the matrix's rows. First, using the [Duff] maximum transversal algorithm and performing asymmetrical permutations, the matrix is shaped to achieve a zero free diagonal. Then, searching the strongly connected components of the associated matrix's graph, and performing symmetric permutation, the sparse matrix is shaped in a diagonal block upper triangular form. Both algorithm and architecture are presented.
Sulfide Measurement by Flow Injection Analysis with Flame Photometric Detection (1998)

A flow injection analysis system has been developed for the routine measurement of dissolved sulfide. The analysis system combines in-line acidification with the transport of the generated hydrogen sulfide to the gas phase, where it is measured by sulfur-specific flame photometric detection. This combination of chemical, physical, and spectroscopic steps results in a system that is highly selective toward sulfide. The system was found to be insensitive to the presence of sulfite, thiosulfate, and persulfate. With a detection limit (2σ) of 2 μmol·dm-3 and a working range of 2−500 μmol·dm-3, the system is ideally suited to the routine measurement of sulfide in both environmental and industrial systems. An evaluation of alternative sample preservation techniques has demonstrated stabilization of the sulfide as colloidal zinc sulfide to be effective. When stored under nitrogen samples have been shown to be stable for a week, giving a recovery of 95 ± 5% (n = 10).
Where is client/server software headed? (1995)

Computers have moved to desktops; now, the underlying software is itself evolving. The direction computing will take is clear, but the route it will take is a matter for some speculation. We examine several promising software ideas, especially distributed software and its underlying infrastructure called middleware. Industrial software is being driven by document-centric design, reusable component implementation based on industry standards, and end-user programming.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Post-Linearization of Differential CMOS Low Noise Amplifier Using Cross-Coupled FETs (2008)

A post-linearization technique for the differrential CMOS LNA is presented. The proposed method uses an additional cross-coupled common-source FET pair to cancel out the third-order intermodulation (IM₃) current of the main differential amplifier. This technique is applied to enhance the linearity of CMOS LNA using 0.18-㎛ technology. The LNA achieved +10.2 ㏈m IIP3 with 13.7 ㏈ gain and 1.68 ㏈ NF at 2 ㎓ consuming 11.8 ㎃ from a 1.8-V supply. It shows IIP3 improvement by 6.6 ㏈ over the conventional cascode LNA without the linearizing circuit.
Epithelial Cell Apoptosis and Neutrophil Recruitment in Acute Lung Injury—A Unifying Hypothesis? What We Have Learned from Small Interfering RNAs (2008)

In spite of protective ventilatory strategies, Acute Lung Injury (ALI) remains associated with high morbidity and mortality. One reason for the lack of therapeutic options might be that ALI is a co-morbid event associated with a diverse family of diseases and, thus, may be the result of distinct pathological processes. Among them, activated neutrophil- (PMN-) induced tissue injury and epithelial cell apoptosis mediated lung damage represent two potentially important candidate pathomechanisms that have been put forward. Several approaches have been undertaken to test these hypotheses, with substantial success in the treatment of experimental forms of ALI. With this in mind, we will summarize these two current hypotheses of ALI briefly, emphasizing the role of apoptosis in regulating PMN and/or lung epithelial cell responses. In addition, the contribution that Fas-mediated inflammation may play as a potential biological link between lung cell apoptosis and PMN recruitment will be considered, as well as the in vivo application of small interfering RNA (siRNA) as a novel approach to the inhibition of ALI and its therapeutic implications.
Efficient variable ordering heuristics for shared ROBDD (2002)

Several ordering heuristics for shared, reduced and ordered binary decision diagrams (ROBDDs) are described. These heuristics are tested on ISCAS and MCNC benchmark circuits. In all examples, the ordering is accomplished in a few seconds and generates smaller shared ROBDDs than other previously proposed heuristics. The objective is to provide a fast way to generate shared ROBDDs of reasonable sizes. The results could be used as a good initial solution to any semi-exhaustive ordering method to further reduce the sizes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dynamic Response of a Planetary Gear System Using a Finite Element/Contact Mechanics Model (2000)

The dynamic response of a helicopter planetary gear system is examined over a wide range of operating speeds and torques. The analysis tool is a unique, semianalytical finite element formulation that admits precise representation of the tooth geometry and contact forces that are crucial in gear dynamics. Importantly, no a priori specification of static transmission error excitation or mesh frequency variation is required; the dynamic contact forces are evaluated internally at each time step. The calculated response shows classical resonances when a harmonic of mesh frequency coincides with a natural frequency. However, peculiar behavior occurs where resonances expected to be excited at a given speed are absent. This absence of particular modes is explained by analytical relationships that depend on the planetary configuration and mesh frequency harmonic. The torque sensitivity of the dynamic response is examined and compared to static analyses. Rotation mode response is shown to be more sensitive to input torque than translational mode response.
N-(Difluoroamino)azoles – a new class of N-substituted azoles (1996)

N-(Difluoroamino)azoles — a new class of N-substituted azoles — have been synthesized by reacting NH-azoles, whose NH-acidity is pKa < 5, with O-fluorosulfonyl-N,N-difluorohydroxylamine in the presence of bases.
Scrapie strain variation and mutation (1993)

There are many strains of scrapie, distinguishable by their disease characteristics in genetically-defined mice. Numerous distinct strains have been isolated in the same mouse strain, indicating that scrapie agents have an informational molecule, independent of the host. Strain characteristics are stable on serial mouse passage under constant passaging conditions. However, changes in the species or mouse genotype used for passage may lead to changes in properties which are consistent with the selection of variants which replicate faster in the new host, rather than active modification of the agent by the host. The fact that this has been observed with biologically cloned strains is evidence for mutation in the scrapie agent. Transmissions to mice from natural scrapie and BSE suggest that strain variation exists in the field. These findings have important implications when considering the molecular nature of the scrapie agent and the details of agent-host interactions.
Antibody-nucleic acid complexes. Identification of the antigenic determinant of a murine monoclonal antibody specific for single-stranded nucleic acids (1982)

Cloned hybrid cells, selected for their ability to secret an IgG 2a immunoglobulin specific for single-stranded (ss) nucleic acids, were obtained by fusion of spleen cells from an unimmunized autoimmune MRL/1 pr male mouse with nonsecreting myeloma cells (MOPC-21, line Sp2/0-Ag 14). Designated MRss-1, this monoclonal antibody was (i) propagated by intraperitoneal injection of hybrid cells to pristane-treated. Balb/c mice, (ii) purified from the bulk of other proteins in ascites extracts by chromatography with DEAE-Sephacel adsorbent, and (iii) radiochemically labeled via reductive methylation using NaB3H4 and formaldehyde. The binding of 3H-labeled antibody to immobilized ssDNA- agarose, calf thymus) or soluble (fd DNA) ssDNA was rapid and dependent upon ssDNA and ionic strength, but not hydrogen ion concentration. Optimal binding occurred in both low and intermediate salt concentration (0.1-0.25 M NaCl), yet was completely abolished above 0.30 M NaCl. The presence of guanine (Gua)-containing mono-, oligo-, and polynucleotides also abolished and/or decreased 3H-labeled antibody binding to ssDNA-agarose. In these competition assays, the amount of Gua-containing mono-and oligonucleotides required to inhibit antibody binding by 50% (0.2-1.0 mg/mL) exceeded those of poly(G), rRNA, and fd DNA (i.e., 0.03-0.1 microgram/mL) by 4 orders of magnitude. In contrast, (deoxy)ribose 5'-phosphate as well as other nucleic acid derivatives devoid of Gua failed to inhibit antibody binding. The above findings were substantiated by the observation that 3H-labeled antibody bound to guanosine (G)- and guanidylate (pG)-conjugated Sepharose, yet not to other nucleoside (A, C, and U)- or nucleotide (pA, pC, and pU)-conjugated adsorbents. Last, the introduction of the methyl group at the N-2, O-6, and N-7 positions in the Gua ring system completely abolished antibody binding. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the MRss-1 antibody recognized single-stranded nucleic acid substrates by virtue of their content of guanidylate residues and, more specificity, by the presence of the Gua base moiety.
Myosin light chain phosphorylation and growth cone motility (2002)

According to the treadmill hypothesis, the rate of growth cone advance depends upon the difference between the rates of protrusion (powered by actin polymerization at the leading edge) and retrograde F-actin flow, powered by activated myosin. Myosin II, a strong candidate for powering the retrograde flow, is activated by myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation. Earlier results showing that pharmacological inhibition of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) causes growth cone collapse with loss of F-actin-based structures are seemingly inconsistent with the treadmill hypothesis, which predicts faster growth cone advance. These experiments re-examine this issue using an inhibitory pseudosubstrate peptide taken from the MLCK sequence and coupled to the fatty acid stearate to allow it to cross the membrane. At 5-25 microM, the peptide completely collapsed growth cones from goldfish retina with a progressive loss of lamellipodia and then filopodia, as seen with pharmacological inhibitors, but fully reversible. Lower concentrations (2.5 microM) both simplified the growth cone (fewer filopodia) and caused faster advance, doubling growth rates for many axons (51-102 microm/h; p <.025). Rhodamine-phalloidin staining showed reduced F-actin content in the faster growing growth cones, and marked reductions in collapsed ones. At higher concentrations, there was a transient advance of individual filopodia before collapse (also seen with the general myosin inhibitor, butanedione monoxime, which did not accelerate growth). The rho/rho kinase pathway modulates MLC dephosphorylation by myosin-bound protein phosphatase 1 (MPP1), and manipulations of MPP1 also altered motility. Lysophosphatidic acid (10 microM), which causes inhibition of MPP1 to accumulate activated myosin II, caused a contracted collapse (vs. that due to loss of F-actin) but was ineffective after treatment with low doses of peptide, demonstrating that the peptide acts via MLC phosphorylation. Inhibiting rho kinase with Y27632 (100 microM) to disinhibit the phosphatase increased the growth rate like the MLCK peptide, as expected. These results suggest that: varying the level of MLCK activity inversely affects the rate of growth cone advance, consistent with the treadmill hypothesis and myosin II powering of retrograde F-actin flow; MLCK activity in growth cones, as in fibroblasts, contributes strongly to controlling the amount of F-actin; and the phosphatase is already highly active in these cultures, because rho kinase inhibition produces much smaller effects on growth than does MLCK inhibition.