gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acalabrutinib (ACP-196): a selective second-generation BTK inhibitor (2016)

More and more targeted agents become available for B cell malignancies with increasing precision and potency. The first-in-class Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, ibrutinib, has been in clinical use for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. More selective BTK inhibitors (ACP-196, ONO/GS-4059, BGB-3111, CC-292) are being explored. Acalabrutinib (ACP-196) is a novel irreversible second-generation BTK inhibitor that was shown to be more potent and selective than ibrutinib. This review summarized the preclinical research and clinical data of acalabrutinib.
1.3μm GaInAsP/InP buried heterostructure graded index separate confinement multiple quantum well (BH-GRIN-SC-MQW) lasers entirely grown by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) (1989)

We report the first successful demonstration of a 1.3 μm GaInAsP/InP buried heterostructure graded index separate confinement multiple quantum well laser (BH-GRIN-SCMQW LD) entirely grown by three-step low pressure metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (LP-MOCVD). The threshold current and the differential quantum efficiency were 31 mA (threshold current density 3.4kA/cm2) and 28%/facet, respectively. A characteristic temperature of 65 K was obtained.
Improving the Ratio of Monacolin K to Citrinin Production of<i>Monascus purpureus</i>NTU 568 under Dioscorea Medium through the Mediation of pH Value and Ethanol Addition (2007)

Using dioscorea root as substrate of Monascus species was found to stimulate monacolin K (cholesterol-lowering agent) formation in our previous study, but the mycotoxin-citrinin has never been studied. This study used dioscorea root as the liquid medium to culture Monascus purpureus NTU 568 using a 6.6 L jar fermentor. Culture pH value, dioscorea concentration, and ethanol concentration were used as the factors of response surface methodology (RSM) to investigate the optimal culture condition for high monacolin K production and low citrinin formation. Monacolin K and citrinin formation of M. purpureus NTU 568 under submerged dioscorea medium were respectively found to be significantly formed by 148% and 147%, as compared to that under submerged rice medium. The reason is due to the pH value (3.5) of dioscorea medium involved in the formation of Monascus cell amount and secondary metabolite. RSM results further indicated that lowering the pH value to 2.5 would result in high monacolin K and citrinin concentrations as well as high biomass in fixed dioscorea amount, implying that pH value may stimulate the formation of monacolin K and citrinin through increasing Monascus cell amount. Lowering dioscorea and ethanol concentration was able to increase the ratio of monacolin K level to citrinin level. The optimal culture condition (pH 5.7, 1% dioscorea concentration, and 0.5% ethanol concentration) would increase monacolin K levels to 27.9 mg/g (by 47%) and decrease citrinin level to 2.15 microg/g (by 54%), as compared to control conditions (pH 3.5, 5% dioscorea, and ethanol free).
On the age of the sediments and contemporaneous volcanic rocks of western Shetland (1968)

Synopsis The ages of sandstones and interbanded andesitic and basaltic lavas, rhyolites and tuff are considered. It is argued that because the sandstones are of two different facies, they are unlikely to be of the same age. One facies is of typical Old Red continental type and contains fish of Middle Devonian age. Isotopic age determinations on a series of volcanic rocks associated with these sandstones indicate a recrystallisation at 300 m.y. ago and a possible origin age at 370 m.y. ago. In the case of the second facies of sandstone neither isotopic ages nor geological evidence from associated lavas indicate whether it is older or younger than the first. An isotopic age from a granite which cuts the second facies of sandstone indicates that the sandstone must be older than 330 m.y., whilst ages determined from interbedded lavas indicate a local recrystallisation or alteration at about 230 m.y. ago.
Effect of local infection and oral contraception on immunoglobulin levels in cervical mucus (1975)

The concentrations of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) were estimated in cervical mucus from 115 patients attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. The patients were divided into two groups; those using combined estrogen/progestogen oral contraceptives, and those with presumed normal ovulatory cycles. Gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, candidosis, and herpes genitalis were diagnosed by conventional smear and culture techniques, and the two groups were subdivided according to these diagnoses. Gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, herpetic, and nonspecific cervicitis all caused marked increases in the mean concentrations when compared with a control group of uninfected patients with natural cycles (P = less than 0.01). Patients with candidosis and contacts of men with nonspecific urethritis showed a lesser rise. IgG/IgA ratios lower than that of serum suggested a considerable locally produced contribution of IgA. Oral contraception with the combined pill also caused a significant increase in mean IgA and IgG levels even in the absence of local infection (P = less than 0.01). an increase in the IgG/IgA ratio of this group may indicate that the hormonal effect was manifest through increased serum transudation. IgM was also detected more commonly in patients taking the pill. The marked effect of local disease on immunoglobulin levels in cervical mucus which occurs even in asymptomatic patients emphasizes the importance of screening for infection when studying these secretions.
Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing of Vehicle Dynamics Controllers – A Technical Survey (2005)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test benches are indispensable for the development of modern vehicle dynamics controllers (VDCs). They can be regarded as a standard methodology today, because of the extremely safety-critical nature of the multi-sensor and multi-actuator systems used in vehicle dynamics control. The required high quality standards can only be ensured by systematic testing within a virtual HIL environment before going into a real car.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper aims to provide a condensed technical over-view of state-of-the-art HIL test systems for VDCs, which are currently widely used in passenger cars, in the form of ABS and TCS, as well as ESP, or integrated chassis control, which is just coming onto the market. First, a short introduction to the basic functionality of these types of ECUs is given, and the reasons why HIL testing is necessary and especially useful for VDCs are discussed. Since most of the dominant suppliers of VDC systems like Bosch, TRW, and Continental Teves, have the same principle system architecture, the closed loop HIL system (including I/O interfaces, signal conditioning, real-time models, user Interface, and test automation) can be generalized. However, there is still a possibility depending on the module being tested that one must include module specific resources to the setup.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A more detailed description of the currently used sensor signals for steering wheel position, lateral/longitudinal acceleration, yaw rate, wheel-speeds (active/passive/intelligent) and the hydraulic pressure sensors (internal/external) is presented. For the synthetic simulation of these signals within a simulator setup, it is also necessary to take into account the diagnostic functions of the ECU, for example to properly simulate the self-adjusting procedures for some of these sensors.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Controlling brake forces at each wheel is the main task of such a system and it is normally performed by hydraulic valves actuated by solenoids. Since these devices are enclosed within the housing of the ECU itself, a special device, called a valve signal detection unit (VSD), is used to measure the valve actuation.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In order to close the loop, a model of the complete vehicle is required to provide consistent and precise sensor signals as a response to the current actuator and (simulated) driver input signals. Some parts of the model will be explained in more detail to show how it is possible to overcome the partly numerically stiff behavior of the governing equations and to emphasize their importance within test scenarios and standard test maneuvers.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In the last section of the paper, an example of the interactivity of systems like ESP, EPB (electrical parking brake), and ACC (automatic cruise control) will show how demanding today's chassis controls are and how HIL technology copes with these challenges.</div>
PTEN expression in ovine granulosa cells increases during terminal follicular growth (2005)

In the present paper, we have studied the expression of the Phosphatase and TENsin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) and its putative biological role in the sheep ovary. We found by Northern-blot, immunohistochemistry and immunoblot that PTEN is highly expressed in granulosa cells from large differentiated follicles (LF) in comparison with small proliferating follicles (SF) (P < 0.001), with no clear effect of follicle quality. Moreover, the PTEN lipid phosphatase activity is also higher in LF than in SF (P < 0.01). In contrast, levels of the phosphorylated form of AKT (pAKT) are lower in LF than in SF (P < 0.0001). IGF-I and insulin but not FSH, LH or forskolin are able to stimulate the expression of PTEN mRNA (P < 0.001) and protein by ovine granulosa cells after 48 h of culture in vitro. An IGF-1 time course analysis showed that expression of PTEN protein appeared after 12h of culture, concomitant with the fall of the pAKT levels, which peaked after 6h of stimulation with IGF-I. Moreover, transfection experiments showed that overexpression of PTEN in ovine granulosa cells induced a decrease and an increase in E2F and p27 promoter activity, respectively (P < 0.05). Overall, our present data show for the first time that the expression of PTEN increases during terminal follicular growth. This increase, that might be induced by IGF-I but not FSH, would participate in the proliferation/differentiation transition of ovine granulosa cells in differentiating follicles.
A Fast Algorithm for Single Image Super Resolution in Both Wavelet and Spatial Domain (2012)

Due to the development of multimedia hardware and computer devices, single-image super resolution has recently become a hot topic. The main concept of super resolution is to obtain a high-resolution image from a low-resolution one, and the former should look like it had been acquired with a sensor having the resolution of the up scaled image or, at least, present a "natural" texture. Most existing single-image super resolution techniques upscale a low-resolution image by either spatial-domain based or wavelet-domain based algorithms. Edge information in the spatial domain can be detected and enhanced to construct a sharp high-resolution image while in the wavelet domain, the support of filters to model the regularity of natural images is exploited. The proposed algorithm combines the advantages of both spatial-domain based and wavelet-domain based algorithms where the back-projection technique is adopted to minimize the reconstruction error with an efficient iterative procedure. Comparing with conventional image interpolation techniques, simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is considerably superior in both objective and subjective terms. Finally, for lowering down the hardware cost, some improvement is presented that can properly reduce the scan lines according to the limit of the input buffer.
Effect of pH on sporicidal and microbicidal activity of buffered mixtures of alcohol and sodium hypochlorite. (1979)

The effect of pH on the activity of buffered sodium hypochlorite solution, and a buffered methanol/sodium hypochlorite mixture, against Bacillus subtilis spores was investigated. The best results, considering both sporicidal activity and stability, were achieved in the pH range 7.6--8.1. The sporicidal activity and stability of five alcohol/hypochlorite mixtures, each containing a different alcohol and buffered to pH 7.6 and of hypochlorite alone buffered to pH 7.6, were compared. The mixtures were marginally more sporicidal than hypochlorite alone when fresh but were much less stable. An unbuffered methanol/hypochlorite mixture, a methanol/hypochlorite mixture buffered to pH 7.6, and hypochlorite alond buffered to pH 7.6 were all found to be effective against six vegetative organisms and spores of B. subtilis and Clostridium sporogenes. By buffering alcohol/hypochlorite mixtures or hypochlorite solution alone in the pH range 7.6--8.1, high sporicidal activity can be achieved with low concentrations of alcohol and hypochlorite. Such formulations show promise for the disinfection of heat-sensitive medical equipment.
IGBT mode turn-off thyristor (IGTT) fabricated on SOI substrate (1992)

A new lateral MOS-gated thyristor, called an IGBT mode turn-off thyristor (IGTT), fabricated on an SOI substrate is proposed. A maximum turn-off current of more than 150 A/cm/sup 2/, which is 10 times larger than that of a conventional MOS-gated thyristor, has been realized. A homogeneous current distribution at the turn-off stage and a low shorting resistance between the p-base layer and the cathode attained by the IGTT are assumed to increase the maximum turn-off capability. The forward voltage drop in the IGTT is much smaller than that of an IGBT with an approximately equivalent turn-off time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Time course of attentional bias in anxiety: Emotion and gender specificity (2009)

Anxiety is characterized by cognitive biases, including attentional bias to emotional (especially threatening) stimuli. Accounts differ on the time course of attention to threat, but the literature generally confounds emotional valence and arousal and overlooks gender effects, both addressed in the present study. Nonpatients high in self-reported anxious apprehension, anxious arousal, or neither completed an emotion-word Stroop task during event-related potential (ERP) recording. Hypotheses differentiated time course of preferential attention to emotional stimuli. Individuals high in anxious apprehension and anxious arousal showed distinct early ERP evidence of preferential processing of emotionally arousing stimuli along with some evidence for gender differences in processing. Healthy controls showed gender differences at both early and later processing stages. The conjunction of valence, arousal, and gender is critical in the time course of attentional bias.
Hilbert transform method for amplifying magnetic anomaly (2008)

In oil and gas prospecting,the signals of gravity and magnetic field is always very weak,so we can not distinguish them from the noise very easy.So how to get the real anomaly from the target geological object become the key Hilbert transforming filter is an efficient method to get the useful anomaly.Using this method,we have processed the gravity and magnetic field data from Sanshui area in Guangdong Province.
A Study on the expectation of residual layer thickness in roller pressing imprint process (2013)

In order to apply nano imprint technology in large area process, roller pressing is promising because of its low cost and high productivity. When pressing mold by roller, liquid resin is locally squeezed between mold and substrate. In this study, the main focus is to understand which process parameter affects residual layer. To do this, a simple analytical model was introduced. Especially, we consider the aspect ratio of patterns as essential cause of variation of the thickness in the equation. As a result, when the aspect ratio of pattern in the mold increases, the thickness of residual layer also increases. In conclusion, we show that the uniformity of residual layer could be accomplished by the control of velocity and pressing force in roller pressing imprint process.
Pseudo-Differential Operators, Singularities, Applications (1997)

This book grew out of lecture notes based on the DMV seminar Pseudo- Differential Operators, Singularities, Applications held by the authors in Reisenburg-GA1/4nzburg, 12a 19 July 1992. The modern theory of elliptic boundary value problems in domains having conical or edge singularities on the boundary as well as the classical theory of elliptic boundary value problems and the original Kondratiev theory are presented. This material forms the foundation for the second part of the book which contains a new construction of pseudo-differential operators with symbols corresponding to the singularities of the boundary of different dimensions. This allows in particular to obtain complete asymptotic expansions of solutions near these singularities.
Oxygenation of blood in varicose veins. (2002)

The aim of this prospective, controlled study is to compare the oxygen tension of blood from varicose veins with that from both the antecubital vein of the same patients and the normal long saphenous vein of normal controls at high altitude in Abha (8,000 feet above sea level), Saudi Arabia. Forty-two subjects (21 normal controls and 21 with uncomplicated primary varicose veins) had blood samples taken from 41 normal long saphenous veins and 35 varicose veins near the ankle, respectively (a total of 76 lower limbs). Samples were also taken simultaneously from the right antecubital vein in all the subjects. There was no difference in either oxygen tension (pO2) or saturation (sO2) between blood from varicose veins and blood from normal long saphenous veins. However, in patients with varicose veins, both pO2 and sO2 of varicose veins blood were significantly higher than those of arm venous blood (P = 0.009 and P = 0.018, respectively). In normal subjects, blood from normal long saphenous veins had also significantly higher sO2 (P = 0.001) than that from arm veins, but pO2 was not higher. In conclusion, the theory of arteriovenous communication is poorly founded. There must be other more important explanations for the pathogenesis of varicose veins.
Wavelets in chemistry. (2000)

Part headings and chapter headings: Preface. Theory. Finding frequencies in signals the Fourier transform (B. van den Bogaert). When frequencies change in time towards the wavelet transform (B. van den Bogaert). Fundamentals of wavelet transforms (Y. Mallet et al.). The discrete wavelet transform in practice (O. de Vel et al.). Multiscale methods for denoising and compression (M.N. Nounou, B.R. Bakshi). Wavelet packet transforms and best basis algorithms (Y. Mallet et al.). Joint basis and joint best-basis for data sets (B. Walczak, D.L. Massart). The adaptive wavelet algorithm for designing task specific wavelets (Y. Mallet et al.). Applications. Application of wavelet transform in processing chromatographic data (Foo-tim Chau, A. Kai-man Leung). Application of wavelet transform in electrochemical studies (Foo-tim Chau, A. Kai-man Leung). Applications of wavelet transform in spectroscopic studies (Foo-tim Chau, A. Kai-man Leung). Application of wavelet analysis to physical chemistry (H. Teitelbaum). Wavelet bases for IR library compression, searching and reconstruction (B. Walczak, J.P. Radomski). Application of the discrete wavelet transformation for online detection of transitions in time series (M. Marth). Calibration in wavelet domain (B. Walczak, D.L. Massart). Wavelets in parsimonious functional data analysis models (B.K. Alsberg). Multiscale statistical process control and model-based denoising (B.R. Bakshi). Application of adaptive wavelets in classification and regression (Y. Mallet et al.). Wavelet-based image compression (O. de Vel et al.). Wavelet analysis and processing of 2-D and 3-D analytical images (S.G. Nikolov et al.). Index.
Electron Spin Resonance Spin Trapping for Analysis of Lipid Oxidation in Oils:  Inhibiting Effect of the Spin Trap α-Phenyl-<i>N</i>-<i>tert-</i>butylnitrone on Lipid Oxidation (2005)

The electron spin resonance (ESR) spin trapping technique was investigated as an analytical approach to follow lipid oxidation of rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, and fish oil during storage at 40 degrees C. Unlike previous investigations, alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN), used as spin trap, was added to the fresh oils and formation of radicals was monitored during storage. Results were compared with the development in peroxide value (PV) and the thiobarbituric acid index (TBA). Increasing radical development was detected during the initial stages of oxidation, during which no significant changes in PV and TBA were observed. Evidence of spin adduct depletion was found during prolonged storage, suggesting that although spin trapping of radicals may be used to follow early events in lipid oxidation, it is not a suitable parameter for long periods of time. Addition of the spin trap after sequential samplings is recommended for getting an insight of oxidative changes during storage. Further, the influence of the spin trap (PBN) on lipid oxidation was studied in detail by application of PV and TBA and by following the depletion of naturally occurring tocopherol. PBN was found to possess a profound inhibiting effect on lipid oxidation. Such an effect was found to be dependent on the nature of the oil, and it was observed that the lower the oxidative stability, the larger the effect of PBN on lipid oxidation. This effect was interpreted in terms of the capability of PBN to react with peroxyl radicals, which in turn depends on the initial tocopherol content of the oils.
Using canonical correlation analysis for generalized sentiment analysis, product recommendation and search (2011)

Standard Sentiment Analysis applies Natural Language Processing methods to assess an "approval" value of a given text, categorizing it into "negative", "neutral", or "positive" or on a linear scale. Sentiment Analysis can be used to infer ratings values for users based on textual reviews of items such as books, films, or products. We propose an approach to generalizing the concept to multiple dimensions to estimate user ratings along multiple axes such as "service", "price" and "value". We use Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) and derive a mathematical model that can be used as a multivariate regression tool. This model has a number of valuable properties: it can be trained offline and used efficiently on live stream of texts like blogs and tweets, can be used for visualization and data clustering and labeling, and finally it can potentially be incorporated into natural language product search algorithms. At the end we propose an evaluation procedure that can be used on live data when a ground truth is not available. Based on this model we present our preliminary results from empirical data that we have collected from our system Opinion Space1. We show that for this dataset the CCA model outperforms the PCA that was originally used in Opinion Space.
Keap1-Knockdown Decreases Fasting-Induced Fatty Liver via Altered Lipid Metabolism and Decreased Fatty Acid Mobilization from Adipose Tissue (2013)

Enhanced Nrf2 activity via Keap1-KD decreased fasting-induced steatosis, pointing to an important function of Nrf2 on lipid metabolism under the condition of nutrient deprivation.
Hip Strength and Hip and Knee Kinematics During Stair Descent in Females With and Without Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (2008)

Subjects with PFPS had significant hip weakness but did not demonstrate altered hip and knee kinematics as previously theorized. Additional investigations are needed to better understand the association between hip weakness and PFPS etiology.