gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antisense hTERT Inhibits Thyroid Cancer Cell Growth (2003)

Activation of telomerase represents an early step in carcinogenesis. Increased telomerase expression in malignant thyroid tumors suggests that inactivation of telomerase may represent a potential chemotherapeutic target. The purpose of this study was to inhibit the protein component of telomerase, hTERT, in a human thyroid cancer cell line in vitro and in vivo using an antisense strategy. A 235-bp fragment of hTERT cDNA was subcloned, and sense and antisense hTERT expression vectors were constructed. These vectors were transfected into a human thyroid carcinoma cell line (FRO). Tumorigenic potential was determined by cellular growth assay, rate of apoptosis, anchorage-independent growth, and tumor growth in a nude mouse model. Significant down-regulation of hTERT expression was seen in the antisense transfected cells, compared with control and those transfected with the sense vector. A decrease in telomerase activity by TRAP assay was observed in the antisense hTERT cells but not in cells transfected with the sense hTERT construct. Inhibition of cell growth was observed after approximately 20 population doublings in the antisense-hTERT clones and was associated with an increase in the rate of apoptosis and a change in cellular morphology. Moreover, anchorage-independent growth was reduced in vitro, and tumor growth rate was diminished in vivo in the antisense hTERT clones. Inhibition of telomerase activity with antisense hTERT in human thyroid cancer cells is achievable and may represent a novel target to inhibit tumor growth.
Genetic Polymorphism of Interleukin-1A (IL-1A), IL-1B, and IL-1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1RN) and Prostate Cancer Risk (2014)

Sequence variants in IL-1B-511 (rs16944) and IL-1B-31 (rs1143627) are significantly associated with PCa risk, which provides additional novel evidence that proinflammatory cytokines and inflammation play an important role in the etiology of PCa.
Characterization of the Acyl-CoA Synthetase Activity of Purified Murine Fatty Acid Transport Protein 1 (2003)

Fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1) is an approximately 63-kDa plasma membrane protein that facilitates the influx of fatty acids into adipocytes as well as skeletal and cardiac myocytes. Previous studies with FATP1 expressed in COS1 cell extracts suggested that FATP1 exhibits very long chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) activity and that such activity may be linked to fatty acid transport. To address the enzymatic activity of the isolated protein, murine FATP1 and ACS1 were engineered to contain a C-terminal Myc-His tag expressed in COS1 cells via adenoviral-mediated infection and purified to homogeneity using nickel affinity chromatography. Kinetic analysis of the purified enzymes was carried out for long chain palmitic acid (C16:0) and very long chain lignoceric acid (C24:0) as well as for ATP and CoA. FATP1 exhibited similar substrate specificity for fatty acids 16-24 carbons in length, whereas ACS1 was 10-fold more active on long chain fatty acids relative to very long chain fatty acids. The very long chain acyl-CoA synthetase activity of the two enzymes was comparable as were the Km values for both ATP and coenzyme A. Interestingly, FATP1 was insensitive to inhibition by triacsin C, whereas ACS1 was inhibited by micromolar concentrations of the compound. These data represent the first characterization of purified FATP1 and indicate that the enzyme is a broad substrate specificity acyl-CoA synthetase. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that that fatty acid uptake into cells is linked to their esterification with coenzyme A.
Spelling as a Cognitive-Developmental Linguistic Process (1984)

In spelling we need to create a situation where the student has the opportunity to utilize all the cognitive tools at his disposal.
Diametrical Core Deformation Analysis (DCDA) Developed for In-situ Rock Stress Measurements (2013)

DCDA is a new method for evaluating the in-situ stress of rocks based on the elliptical deformation of boring cores with stress relief. When a rock core sample is carved out by drilling, it becomes free from in-situ stress, and the expansion should occur elastically. If the condition of in-situ stress is anisotropic, the core must deform in an asymmetric manner. With the precise measurement of core diameters in each directions, the deviatoric stress SHmax －Shmin and azimuths of SHmax and Shmin could be determined from the circumferential variation of the measured diameter. In order to confirm the reliability of DCDA, laboratory verifications were conducted. The estimated stresses by DCDA agreed well with the applied stresses, and the directions of dmax coincide to the directions of the applied stresses. From these results, the effectiveness of DCDA was confirmed.
A DFT study of halogen atoms adsorbed on graphene layers (2010)

In this work, ab initio density functional theory calculations were performed in order to study the structural and electronic properties of halogens (X = fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine) that were deposited on both sides of graphene single layers (X-graphene). The adsorption of these atoms on only one side of the layer with hydrogen atoms adsorbed on the other was also considered (H,X-graphene). The results indicate that the F-C bond in the F-graphene system causes an sp(2) to sp(3) transition of the carbon orbitals, and similar effects seem to occur in the H,X-graphene systems. For the other cases, two configurations are found: bonded (B) and non-bonded (NB). For the B configuration, the structural arrangement of the atoms was similar to F-graphene and H-graphene (graphane), although the electronic structures present some differences. In the NB configuration, the interaction between the adsorbed atoms and the graphene layer seems to be essentially of the van der Waals type. In these cases, the original shape of the graphene layer presents only small deviations from the pristine form and the adsorbed atoms reach equilibrium far from the sheet. The F-graphene structure has a direct bandgap of approximately 3.16 eV at the Γ point, which is a value that is close to the value of 3.50 eV that was found for graphane. The Cl-graphene (B configuration), H,F-graphene and H,Cl-graphene systems have smaller bandgap values. All of the other systems present metallic behaviours. Energy calculations indicate the possible stability of these X-graphene layers, although some considerations about the possibility of spontaneous formation have to be taken into account.
Serogroup C meningococcal outbreaks in the United States. An emerging threat (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —Multiple outbreaks of serogroup C<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>have recently been reported from diverse areas of the United States. To better define the characteristics of this increasingly important problem, we reviewed data on all known serogroup C outbreaks in the United States from January 1980 through June 1993. <h3>Data Sources.</h3> —MEDLINE searches, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention records, state health department officials, infectious disease experts, and the meningococcal vaccine manufacturer. <h3>Definition of an Outbreak.</h3> —Three or more cases of serogroup C meningococcal disease within a 3-month period, either among members of a community or persons attending a single school or other institution, for which those cases represented an attack rate of at least five per 100 000 population. <h3>Results.</h3> —Twenty-one outbreaks of serogroup C meningococcal disease were identified; eight occurred since 1991. In 1992 and the first half of 1993, approximately 180 000 doses of vaccine were administered for outbreak control, compared with approximately 34000 doses from 1980 to 1991. Approximately 50% of community-outbreak cases were between the ages of 5 and 24 years, compared with only 19% of sporadic serogroup C cases (<i>P</i><.001). Subtyping of patient isolates indicates that outbreaks are clonal; however, at least five distinct but closely related strains have caused recent outbreaks. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Serogroup C outbreaks are occurring more frequently in the United States. The effectiveness of preventive measures depends on early recognition; therefore, physicians should promptly report all cases of suspected meningococcal disease, and the causative serogroup should be established for every case. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:383-389)
Therapeutic Massage in Athletics (2006)

Section I: RELEVANT ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Muscles and Nerves Connective Tissue / Fascial System Circulatory System: Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Divisions The Physiology of Healing Section II: THE MASSAGE TECHNIQUES Guidelines for Massage in Athletics Lymphatic Massage Techniques Myofascial Techniques Neuromuscular Section III Event / Performance Massage Preventive / Training Massage Treatment / Rehabilitation Massage
ASPECTS OF THE THEORY OF SYNTAX (1964)

Abstract : Contents: Methodological preliminaries: Generative grammars as theories of linguistic competence; theory of performance; organization of a generative grammar; justification of grammars; formal and substantive grammars; descriptive and explanatory theories; evaluation procedures; linguistic theory and language learning; generative capacity and its linguistic relevance Categories and relations in syntactic theory: Scope of the base; aspects of deep structure; illustrative fragment of the base component; types of base rules Deep structures and grammatical transformations Residual problems: Boundaries of syntax and semantics; structure of the lexicon
Clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment of anthrax (1999)

There are three clinical presentations of anthrax in humans: cutaneous (>95% of cases), orogastric and inhalational. The infectious form, the spore, enters the body and is thought to germinate within macrophages either at the site of inoculation (cutaneous or orogastric) or in the regional lymph node (inhalational). The bacillus then synthesizes its antiphagocytic capsule and the lethal and oedema toxins which interfere with the non-specific host defences leading to the characteristic locally destructive lesion and spread by lymphatics to the systemic circulation and other organs. The cutaneous form begins as a papule which progresses over several days to a vesicle and then ulcerates. There is often oedema, sometimes massive, probably due to the oedema toxin that surrounds the lesions which then develop a characteristic black eschar. The patient may be febrile with mild to severe systemic symptoms of malaise, headache and toxicity. Oropharyngeal anthrax presents with severe sore throat or an ulcer in the oropharyngeal cavity associated with neck swelling, fever, toxicity and dysphagia. Gastrointestinal anthrax begins with anorexia, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain which may be similar to an acute abdomen. There may be diarrhoea and ascites, both of which may be haemorrhagic. Inhalational anthrax begins with non-specific symptoms of malaise, fever, myalgia and non-productive cough. After a period of 2-3 days, this is followed by a sudden onset of severe respiratory distress associated with diaphoresis, cyanosis and increased chest pain. There may be a widened mediastinum and pleural effusions on chest X-ray. Death follows in 24-36 h from respiratory failure, sepsis and shock. The diagnosis of anthrax is easy if it is considered. The organism is readily observed by Gram or Wright stain in local lesions or blood smear and can be easily cultured from the blood and other body fluids. However, because of its rarity, it is not often included in the differential diagnosis and in inhalational disease the diagnosis is rarely made until the patient is moribund. More rapid diagnostic tests are under development. Penicillin, combined with supportive care, remains the mainstay of treatment, although the organism is susceptible in vitro to many antibiotics. In recent years, there have been significant advances in our knowledge of the organism and its toxins and it is anticipated that similar progress will be made in the future in developing more rapid diagnostic tests and new modalities of treatment.
Differential changes of adrenoceptor‐ and muscarinic receptor‐linked prostacyclin synthesis by the aorta and urinary bladder of the diabetic rat (1993)

The effect of experimental diabetes mellitus (DM; hyperglycaemic, non‐ketototic; 2 months duration) in the rat on receptor‐linked prostacyclin (PGI 2 ) synthesis (measured as 6‐oxo‐PGF 1α by radioimmunoassay) was studied in the aorta and urinary bladder using adrenaline, angiotensin II (AII) and acetylcholine (ACh). Signal transduction systems were studied via stimulation of PGI 2 synthesis with phorbol ester dibutyrate (PDBU; a protein kinase C activator [PKC]), Ca 2+ ionophore A23187 (A23187) and thapsigargin (both elevate intracellular Ca 2+ , activating phospholipase A 2 [PLA 2 ]) and arachidonate (AA; substrate for PGI 2 synthesis). In response to adrenaline, AII and phorbol ester, aortic PGI 2 release was markedly reduced (all > 75%) in diabetic rats compared to controls. EC 50 s of the dose‐response curves for adrenaline, AII and PDBU were also markedly increased in aortae from DM rats compared to controls. Although there was decreased output of PGI 2 in response to A23187 by aortae from diabetic rats compared to controls, there was no difference in the EC 50 s (mean ± s.e.mean: diabetic, 2.7 ± 0.2 × 10 −6 M; controls 2 ± 0.18 × 10 −6 m ). There were no differences in PGI 2 release (or in the EC 50 s) in response to thapsigargin or AA between aortae from diabetic and control rats. In the urinary bladder, there was a marked increase in PGI 2 output in response to ACh and a marked decrease in EC 50 s for the ACh‐PGI 2 dose‐response curves in diabetic rats (EC 50 = 5.8 ± 0.32 × 10 −7 m ) compared to controls (EC 50 = 2.2 ± 0.15 × 10 −6 m ). Although there was an increase in PGI 2 output in the urinary bladders from diabetic rats in response to A23187, there were no differences in the EC 50 s (control, 1.8 ± 0.2 × 10 −6 m ; diabetic, 1.1 ± 0.15 × 10 −6 m ). In the urinary bladders, there were no differences in PGI 2 output (or the EC 50 s) in response to PDBU, thapsigargin or AA between diabetic or control rats. These data indicate that: (i) reduced PGI 2 synthesis coupled to adrenoceptors and AII receptors in the aortae of diabetic rats may be due to diminished PKC activity and not to changes in receptor density and/or affinity, Ca 2+ stores, PLA 2 , cyclo‐oxygenase or PGI 2 synthase; (ii) the diametrically opposite effect of DM on ACh‐stimulated PGI 2 synthesis is not due to an increase in PKC activity, but possibly to an increase in muscarine receptor number and/or affinity; (iii) changes in receptor‐linked PGI 2 synthesis are not ubiquitous in experimental DM and may be organ‐specific.
Managing Knowledge: Building Blocks for Success (1999)

Managing Knowledge: The Challenge. The Companya s Knowledge Base. Building Blocks of Knowledge Management. Defining Knowledge Goals. Identifying Knowledge. Acquiring Knowledge. Developing Knowledge. Sharing and Distributing Knowledge. Using Knowledge. Preserving Knowledge. Measuring Knowledge. Incorporating Knowledge Management. Getting Started. First Experiences of Implementation. Appendices. Notes. Bibliography. Index.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF SULFUR TETRAFLUORIDE WITH CARBOXYLIC ACIDS. PART 4. REACTIONS WITH ALKANE‐DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS (1978)

Abstract Die Reaktion von Alkandicarbonsäuren des Typs (I) mit SF 4 kann unter simultaner Bildung von Bis‐(trifluormethyl)‐alkanen (II), cyc1ischen und linearen a,oz,oz′,ol‐Tetrafluorethern (III) und (IV) sowie geringen Mengen von Polyethern (V) verlaufen.
New species of North American Cymatodera (Coleoptera: Cleridae) (1972)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Acetylation/Deacetylation Modulates the Stability of DNA Replication Licensing Factor Cdt1 (2009)

Proper expression of the replication licensing factor Cdt1 is primarily regulated post-translationally by ubiquitylation and proteasome degradation. In a screen to identify novel non-histone targets of histone deacetylases (HDACs), we found Cdt1 as a binding partner for HDAC11. Cdt1 associates specifically and directly with HDAC11. We show that Cdt1 undergoes acetylation and is reversibly deacetylated by HDAC11. In vitro, Cdt1 can be acetylated at its N terminus by the lysine acetyltransferases KAT2B and KAT3B. Acetylation protects Cdt1 from ubiquitylation and subsequent proteasomal degradation. These results extend the list of non-histone acetylated proteins to include a critical DNA replication factor and provide an additional level of complexity to the regulation of Cdt1.
IRRADIATION OF AQUEOUS CHLORAL HYDRATE WITH Sr<sup>90</sup>–Y<sup>90</sup> BETA RAYS (1959)

Air-saturated aqueous chloral hydrate has been irradiated with beta rays and the acid yield as determined by titration has been studied as a function of dose rate, temperature, and initial concentration of the chloral hydrate.The average lifetime of the intermediates has been found, by means of the rotating sector technique, to be about 0.5 second. Propagation and termination rate constants for the reaction have been calculated and an effort has been made to explain the results observed in terms of a free radical chain reaction.
Decision support system for cow-calf producers (2007)

Sire selection is an important decision directly affecting ranch profitability. The need for decision-support software is increasing with the growing number of EPD available. The objective of this project was to develop web-based tools to evaluate production and economic outcomes from the use of alternative sires. A model which simulates the age structure of a herd to predict performance, revenues and costs while accounting for non-genetic effects such as age of the dam was constructed. Users provide a minimum number of production inputs comprising herd size, pregnancy rate, replacement rate, mature cow size, calf survival, birth and weaning weights. These define an equilibrium age structure and provide realistic production outcomes for the base herd. Genetic variables that simultaneously influence model behavior are limited to those economically relevant traits that are closely aligned to available EPD. These include heifer pregnancy, calving ease direct and maternal, mature cow size, cow maintenance requirements, stayability, birth, weaning and yearling weights as well as weaning weight maternal. These EPD are used to derive a new equilibrium age structure and corresponding performance levels following perturbation of the base situation. The total number of cows is then modified, accounting for any change in feed requirements, to provide annual feed consumption identical to the base herd. Outputs from the model allow a producer to compare current herd production and economic performances to those predicted if alternative sires had been used and the system allowed to re-equilibrate. Primary differences in revenue come from changes to the number and weight of sale calves. Other contributions to variation in revenue are from values of cull cows, replacement costs and dystocia costs. Primary differences in operation costs come from the number of replacements required and the feed requirements of the predicted herd. Discounting procedures are not included. In contrast to other models, the software provides for sire selection by simulation rather than simply generating economic values for subsequent use.
Corpus-based Japanese morphological analysis (2003)

The goal of this study is to improve corpus-based Japanese morphological analysis which is composed by word segmentation and part-of-speech (below POS) tagging.We divide the problem of Japanese morphological analysis into three subproblems: models for known word, models for unknown word and corpus maintenance schema.Firstly, we discuss Markov model-based approaches for known word processing.We point phenomena which are difficult to be analyzed by a simple Markov model.Special transactions are necessary for these phenomena.Therefore, we introduce three extensions for Markov model: lexicalized POS, position-wise grouping and selective trigram.Secondly, we discuss unknown word processing.We newly propose an offline model for unknown word based on a pattern recognition approach.Unknown words are extracted from the text by chunking in advance.Next, the POSs for the extracted words are estimated by a word sense disambiguation-like approach.Thirdly, we discuss maintenance schema for word segmented and POS tagged corpus.The corpus maintenance is a crucial issue for corpus-based models.We propose a relational database usage to keep consistency in the corpora.The relational database enables us synchronous transaction between the lexicon and the corpora.Therefore, the risk of discrepancy in the corpus is reduced by the proposed method.As side issues, we discuss Japanese named entity extraction and filler filtering.Japanese named entity extraction is an application in information extraction.We propose two extensions for the application.One is a character-based chunking method which solves a word boundary discrepancy problem.The other is use of point-wise n-best answers of Japanese morphological analyzer which makes the model robust.The proposed method achieves the best accuracy in the preceding works.Filler filtering is a preprocessing for Japanese morphological analysis.Many fillers and disfluencies appear in transcriptions of spoken language.These phenomena are factors of the errors in Japanese morphological analysis.We introduce a pattern recognition method for filler and disfluency filtering from the transcription.
Serum-to-dialysate potassium gradient and its association with short-term outcomes in hemodialysis patients (2017)

Higher K+ gradient is independently associated with greater risk of all-cause hospitalizations and ED visits. Further research is needed to determine whether interventions that reduce the K+ gradient ameliorate this risk.
The Information Superhighway: Trolls at the Tollgate (1997)

Prior to the passage of the 1996 Telecommunications Act, policymakers sought funding and regulatory mechanisms capable of fulfilling the vision of an Information Superhighway. Vice President Gore, the Clinton Administration's point person on the issue, initially proposed assessing fees on other sectors of the telecommunications industry to fund construction. Meanwhile, conservatives asserted that deregulation of the industry would achieve the desired result. A compromise ultimately was reached: the 1996 Act requires local exchange carriers to unbundle their networks and provide access at a reasonable cost to competitors. The use of regulatory formulas in lieu of taxes to subsidize a national vision is not new, but must be recognized and restrained. Policymakers should estimate the budget for the entire proposal and then decide how to assess costs among targeted beneficiaries in an open and accountable fashion.
On-Line LC−MS Analysis of Urinary Porphyrins (2000)

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method is described for the separation and simultaneous analysis of porphyrins related to disorders of heme biosynthesis (uro-, heptacarboxylic, hexacarboxylic, pentacarboxylic, and coproporphyrins). The method involves initial porphyrin esterification and extraction from urine. Detection and quantification is performed from the extracts by separation with a Hypersil BDS column and on-line detection by MS through coupling with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization interface. The porphyrin esters are detected as protonated molecules [M + H]+. Their mass spectra also exhibit an [M + Na]+ fragment of lower intensity. The analytical performance of this method is compared with those of LC with UV and fluorescence detection. LC-MS used in selective [M + H]+ ion monitoring provides the lowest detection and quantitation limits. In scan mode, this LC-MS method affords, without further isolation or concentration steps, the measurement of mass spectra of unknown compounds present in the urine of patients with altered porphyrin excretion.