gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrostatic Separation of Volatile Organic Compounds by Ionization (2002)

Removal technique of trace volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from air or other gases is of great concern in order to obtain contamination-free indoor air and various process gases for semiconductor manufacturing process. We propose a new technique for separating trace gas components. This technique utilizes preferential ionization and electrical migration of ions. Nitrogen and oxygen gas flow containing toluene vapor is divided into two flows, while the flow is irradiated with alpha-ray from 241Am under a DC electric field. The ionized toluene vapor in one flow electrically migrates into the other flow causing toluene rich and free flows. The separation efficiency of toluene is 50% when 0.5 L/min of inlet nitrogen stream contains 0.15 ppm of toluene at the applied voltage of 250 V. The separation efficiency of toluene increases with the mole fraction of oxygen in the carrier gas. The cation concentration flowing out from the separator is lower than the number of separated toluene molecules by 6 orders of magnitude, but the dependency of toluene separation efficiency on the applied voltage is the same as that of cation separation efficiency. The dependency of separation efficiency on the applied voltage and the gas flow velocity is qualitatively explained by the separation model which accounts for the generation and neutralization of VOC ions in the separator.
Increased Tissue Neutral Endopeptidase 24.11 Activity in Spontaneously Hypertensive Hamsters (1998)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether tissue neutral endopeptidase (NEP) 24.11 activity, a membrane-bound metalloenzyme widely distributed in the peripheral circulation that cleaves and inactivates vasodilator peptides, is increased in spontaneously hypertensive hamsters relative to genetically/age-matched normotensive hamsters. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were 163 +/- 11 mm Hg and 312 +/- 7 beats/min in spontaneously hypertensive hamsters and 99 +/- 3 mm Hg and 302 +/- 10 beats/min in normotensive hamsters, respectively (mean +/- SEM). NEP 24.11 activity is significantly increased in the kidney, cheek pouch, and spinotrapezius muscle, and significantly decreased in the heart and aorta of spontaneously hypertensive hamsters relative to controls (P < .05). Lung and brain NEP 24.11 activity is similar in both groups. Renal NEP 24.11 activity increases and to a similar extent in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive hamsters as chloride anion concentration in the assay buffer is increased. Substituting citrate for chloride anion significantly attenuates renal NEP 24.11 activity. Taken together, these data indicate that NEP 24.11 activity in spontaneously hypertensive hamsters is increased in two organs that contribute appreciably to peripheral vascular resistance, skeletal muscle, and kidney. We suggest that the spontaneously hypertensive hamster is a suitable model to study the role of skeletal muscle and renal NEP 24.11 in regulating vasomotor tone in essential hypertension.
Biochemical markers of recombinant human insulin‐like growth factor‐I (rhIGF‐I)/rhIGF binding protein‐3 (rhIGFBP‐3) misuse in athletes (2013)

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is reportedly misused by elite athletes, either alone or with growth hormone (GH). The GH-2000 and GH-2004 research groups previously developed a method for detecting GH misuse based on the GH-sensitive markers IGF-I and procollagen type III amino-terminal propeptide (P-III-NP). Both markers increase in response to rhIGF-I/rhIGF binding protein-3 (rhIGFBP-3) administration in recreational athletes. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the effect of rhIGF-I/rhIGFBP-3 administration on other serum markers of the GH-IGF axis and on other bone and collagen markers. Twenty-six female and 30 male recreational athletes were randomized to 28 days' treatment with placebo or rhIGF-I/rhIGFBP-3 complex, followed by 56 days' washout. GH-IGF axis markers (IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, acid-labile subunit (ALS) and IGF-II) and bone and collagen markers (procollagen type I carboxy-terminal propeptide (PICP), type I collagen cross-linked carboxy-terminal telopeptide (ICTP) and osteocalcin) were measured using commercial immunoassays. In women in the high dose treatment group, mean IGF-II decreased by 53% (P=0.0028) on Day 21. Mean IGFBP-2 increased by 119% (P=0.0039) and mean ALS decreased by 40% (P=0.0022) on Day 21. There were no significant changes in IGFBP-3, osteocalcin, ICTP or PICP. In men in the high dose group, mean IGF-II decreased by 51% on Day 21 (P<0.0001). Mean IGFBP-2 increased by 125% on Day 21 (P=0.0003). There were no significant changes in IGFBP-3, ALS, osteocalcin, ICTP or PICP. Serum IGFBP-2 and IGF-II may be useful markers of rhIGF-I/rhIGFBP-3 administration in both women and men while ALS may also be a useful marker in women; these markers are now undergoing further evaluation.
Proteomic Analysis Reveals New Cardiac-Specific Dystrophin-Associated Proteins (2012)

Mutations affecting the expression of dystrophin result in progressive loss of skeletal muscle function and cardiomyopathy leading to early mortality. Interestingly, clinical studies revealed no correlation in disease severity or age of onset between cardiac and skeletal muscles, suggesting that dystrophin may play overlapping yet different roles in these two striated muscles. Since dystrophin serves as a structural and signaling scaffold, functional differences likely arise from tissue-specific protein interactions. To test this, we optimized a proteomics-based approach to purify, identify and compare the interactome of dystrophin between cardiac and skeletal muscles from as little as 50 mg of starting material. We found selective tissue-specific differences in the protein associations of cardiac and skeletal muscle full length dystrophin to syntrophins and dystrobrevins that couple dystrophin to signaling pathways. Importantly, we identified novel cardiac-specific interactions of dystrophin with proteins known to regulate cardiac contraction and to be involved in cardiac disease. Our approach overcomes a major challenge in the muscular dystrophy field of rapidly and consistently identifying bona fide dystrophin-interacting proteins in tissues. In addition, our findings support the existence of cardiac-specific functions of dystrophin and may guide studies into early triggers of cardiac disease in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies.
Towards more accurate particulate organic nitrate quantification through aerosol mass spectrometry (2019)

International audience
Alterations in cellular differentiation, mitogenesis, cytoskeleton and growth characteristics during syrian hamster embryo cell multistep <i>In vitro</i>, transformation (1994)

In vitro Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cell transformation is a neoplastic process that proceeds through several identifiable consecutive stages including in vitro morphological transformation (mt), acquisition of immortality (I+), acquisition of tumorigenicity (T+) and tumor-derived cells (I'TD). Eight transformed lineages consisting of cells at the mt, I+, T+ and I'TD stages were assayed for alterations in general markers of cell differentiation, mitogenic signaling pathways, cytoskeleton and cellular growth in 3D matrix. Alterations in cellular differentiation markers included a decrease in H19 gene expression and placental alkaline phosphatase enzymatic activity at the mt stage in all lineages examined with a complete absence of H19 gene expression and placental alkaline phosphatase enzymatic activity by the I'TD stage in a majority of transformed lineages. Changes in mitogenic signaling pathways included the production of autocrine growth factors and alterations in growth factor-induced immediate early gene expression by the I'TD stage of transformation in the majority of transformed lineages investigated. By the I'TD stage of transformation in most lineages, changes in both the cytoskeleton (including a decrease in tropomyosin-I gene expression) and the Matrigel growth characteristics of SHE cells were observed.
The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide stimulates insulin-like growth factor I production by primary fetal rat osteoblasts (1996)

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive sensory nerve terminals infiltrate all tissues including bone, in which CGRP may play a local regulatory role. To initiate studies on the role of this neuropeptide in bone, osteoblasts were isolated from fetal rat calvariae, treated with CGRP, and analyzed for cAMP and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) production. CGRP alpha and -beta induced a cAMP accumulation in osteoblastic cells, suggesting that they express functional receptors for CGRP. CGRP induced an increase in both IGF-I transcripts and immunoreactive polypeptide. In contrast to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) treatment, this increase was not accompanied by an augmentation in IGF binding proteins. Although PGE2 induced a more significant increase in IGF-I transcripts than did CGRP, the concentration of IGF-I polypeptide produced by osteoblasts was similar in response to both treatments. It is concluded from this study that CGRP has potent anabolic effects on osteoblasts, an observation which opens possibilities to study the potential therapeutic role of CGRP in osteoporosis.
Dynamic Stability of Articulated and Steered Railway Vehicles Guided by Lateral Displacement Feedback (1994)

SUMMARYRailway vehicles using conventional forms of wheelset have limited performance in sharp curves, but the application of independently rotating wheels in conjunction with active guidance offers the possibility of much improved curving performance. The range of design options is considered in this paper and analysis of a specific, simple arrangement of bogie vehicle demonstrates that active guidance leads to excellent steering performance together with dynamic stability at high speeds. The mechanisms of the various modes of instability are discussed.
Forming a nonlinear grating in Silicon nanowire waveguides using the intrinsic anisotropic Kerr nonlinearity of Silicon (2011)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. B. Driscoll, R. R. Grote, X. Liu, J. I. Dadap, N. C. Panoiu, and R. M. Osgood, "Forming a nonlinear grating in Silicon nanowire waveguides using the intrinsic anisotropic Kerr nonlinearity of Silicon," in CLEO:2011 - Laser Applications to Photonic Applications, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2011), paper CTuS5. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Magnesium Diboride (2015)

The article contains sections titled: Introduction Intrinsic and Extrinsic Properties of MgB 2 Sample Preparation Applications of MgB 2 Summary and Outlook
Glutamate release from activated microglia requires the oxidative burst and lipid peroxidation (2007)

When activated by proinflammatory stimuli, microglia release substantial levels of glutamate, and mounting evidence suggests this contributes to neuronal damage during neuroinflammation. Prior studies indicated a role for the Xc exchange system, an amino acid transporter that antiports glutamate for cystine. Because cystine is used for synthesis of glutathione (GSH) synthesis, we hypothesized that glutamate release is an indirect consequence of GSH depletion by the respiratory burst, which produces superoxide from NADPH oxidase. Microglial glutamate release triggered by lipopolysaccharide was blocked by diphenylene iodonium chloride and apocynin, inhibitors of NADPH oxidase. This glutamate release was also blocked by vitamin E and elicited by lipid peroxidation products 4-hydroxynonenal and acrolein, suggesting that lipid peroxidation makes crucial demands on GSH. Although NADPH oxidase inhibitors also suppressed nitrite accumulation, vitamin E did not; moreover, glutamate release was largely unaffected by nitric oxide donors, inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase, or changes in gene expression. These findings indicate that a considerable degree of the neurodegenerative consequences of neuroinflammation may result from conversion of oxidative stress to excitotoxic stress. This phenomenon entails a biochemical chain of events initiated by a programmed oxidative stress and resultant mass-action amino acid transport. Indeed, some of the neuroprotective effects of antioxidants may be due to interference with these events rather than direct protection against neuronal oxidation.
Polygalacturonate Lyase Production by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and <i>Flavobacterium pectinovorum</i> (1974)

Nutritional factors relating to the production of polygalacturonate lyases by strains of Bacillus subtilis and Flavobacterium pectinovorum were examined. Studies were carried out in shake flask cultures. In the case of B. subtilis the enzyme was produced constitutively, whereas in the case of F. pectinovorum it was only produced in quantity in the presence of pectic substances. Glucose was the most suitable carbon source for production of the polygalacturonate lyase of B. subtilis; of the nitrogen sources examined, the highest activities per milliliter of supernatant and per milligram of cells were obtained with glutamine and ammonium sulfate, respectively. The pattern of enzyme production and growth was similar although enzyme production ceased at pH 5.3. Sodium polypectate was the best inducer of polygalacturonate lyase with F. pectinovorum. Highest activity per milliliter of cell-free supernatant was obtained with skin milk powder as nitrogen source, although ammonium sulfate gave highest enzyme production per unit of biomass. Growth of F. pectinovorum occurred between pH 5.7 and 7.2. Enzyme production occurred during active growth and was independent of the pH of the medium.
Development of Photonic Fractals as New Functionally Structured Materials for Electromagnetic Wave Control (2006)

New functionally structured materials named photonic fractals can strongly localize electromagnetic waves in 3D dielectric or metal fractal cubes called Menger sponge. For the Dielectric Menger sponge structures, the localized frequency can be predicted using a simple equation associated with the fractal geometry and the spatially averaged dielectric constant. While for metal Menger sponges, the localized frequency may be determined mainly by the geometrical factors. Design and fabrication of dielectric and metal Menger sponge fractals by Stereolithography as well as their localization behaviors are reported.
Microstructure and Microwave Dielectric Properties of Ba(Zn <sub>1/3</sub> Ta <sub>2/3</sub> )O <sub>3</sub> Ceramics with ZrO <sub>2</sub> Addition (2002)

The effect of ZrO 2 on crystallographic order, microstructure, and microwave dielectric properties of Ba(Zn 1/3 Ta 2/3 )O 3 (BZT) ceramics was investigated. A small amount of ZrO 2 disturbed the 1:2 cation ordering. The average grain size of the BZT significantly increased with the addition of ZrO 2 , which was attributed to liquid‐phase formation. The relative density increased with the addition of a small amount of ZrO 2 , but it decreased when the ZrO 2 content was increased. Variation of the dielectric constant with ZrO 2 addition ranged between 27 and 30, and the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency increased abruptly as the ZrO 2 amount exceeded 2.0 mol%. The Q value of the BZT significantly improved with the addition of ZrO 2 , which could be explained by the increased relative density and grain size. The maximum Q × f value achieved in this investigation was ∼164 000 GHz for the BZT with 2.0 mol% ZrO 2 sintered at 1550°C for 10 h.
The aromatase inhibitor letrozole enhances the effect of doxorubicin and docetaxel in an MCF7 cell line model (2012)

&lt;p&gt;Introduction: Post-menopausal women with estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer receive adjuvant chemotherapy and endocrine therapy sequentially since tamoxifen may antagonise the cytotoxicity of chemotherapy drugs. With increased use of aromatase inhibitors (AIs) in place of tamoxifen, the potential use of concomitant chemo-endocrine treatments with the AI letrozole, before clinical trials are undertaken, requires evaluation. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Methods: MCF7-aro cells expressing the aromatase gene were treated with letrozole, doxorubicin and docetaxel. The effects of different drug concentrations, drug combinations and scheduling on cytotoxicity and aromatase activity were investigated. Key receptor, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis proteins were examined by immunoblotting.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Results: Administration of letrozole with either doxorubicin or docetaxel resulted in increased levels of cytotoxicity under all treatment schedules (add in, sequential or simultaneous drug administration) with the greatest anti-proliferative effect observed using concomitant treatment (letrozole first with chemotherapy added in). The inhibitory effect of letrozole on aromatase activity was unchanged by the addition of doxorubicin or docetaxel. Letrozole treatment resulted in decreased HER2 expression and addition of doxorubicin and docetaxel to letrozole led to elevated ER-ß levels.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Conclusions: &lt;em&gt;In vitro&lt;/em&gt;, letrozole, unlike tamoxifen, enhances the cytotoxicity of both doxorubicin and docetaxel. This supports the prospect of trials using letrozole with chemotherapy in postmenopausal women with ER positive breast cancer. &lt;/p&gt;
Real-World Clinical Outcomes in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients who Switch from Natalizumab to Delayed-Release Dimethyl Fumarate: A Multicenter, Retrospective, Observational Study (STRATEGY) (P3.293) (2015)

OBJECTIVE: Describe a retrospective observational study of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients who switched from natalizumab to delayed-release dimethyl fumarate (DMF; also known as gastro-resistant DMF) in the real-world setting. Factors potentially associated with treatment outcomes on DMF to be included are patient demographics, disease activity prior to initiating natalizumab or while on natalizumab, duration of washout from natalizumab to DMF, and steroid treatment during washout. BACKGROUND: There is limited information on standardized practices for transitioning patients from natalizumab to DMF. Clinical practices and switch protocols vary, and predictors of favorable treatment outcomes on DMF following natalizumab are not well understood. DESIGN/METHODS: STRATEGY is being performed through a single time point medical chart abstraction without required study visits or procedures. Approximately 500−700 patients from approximately 50 US sites will be enrolled. Key inclusion criteria include age 蠅18 years, RRMS diagnosis (McDonald criteria), at least 12 months of continuous treatment with natalizumab monotherapy prior to initiation of DMF, and initiation of DMF at least 12 months prior to enrollment. Patients are eligible to enroll regardless of current DMF use. Multiple endpoints will be examined, including relapse activity 12 months after initiation of DMF (measured as proportion of patients relapsed, annualized relapse rate, proportion of patients with MS-related hospitalization, and proportion of patients with relapses requiring intravenous steroids); association between disease activity prior to initiating natalizumab or while on natalizumab and relapse activity on DMF; association between washout duration and relapse activity on DMF; and association between steroid use during the washout period and relapse activity while on DMF. RESULTS: STRATEGY is ongoing; results will be reported. CONCLUSIONS: STRATEGY is being conducted to examine potential predictors of treatment response to DMF in RRMS patients who switched from natalizumab. Study Supported by: Biogen Idec
Convex Relaxation Based Low-Complexity Optimal Spectrum Balancing for Multi-User DSL (2007)

In modern DSL networks, crosstalk between different DSL lines in the same cable bundle is a major source of performance degradation. By balancing the transmit power spectra, also referred to as multi-user power control, the impact of crosstalk can be minimized leading to spectacular performance gains. In this paper a novel low-complexity spectrum balancing algorithm is presented. Its performance is compared to optimal spectrum balancing for multiple-user scenarios and it is seen to yield similar results but with a huge reduction in complexity. Moreover, by the use of a spectrum management center and limited message-passing the algorithm can be executed in a distributed fashion, which is a great asset in current DSL networks.
Difficulties with ablation for arrhythmias in children. (2008)

Radiofrequency ablation procedures in children present unique challenges for the electrophysiologist. At times, obtaining vascular access to reach the heart is a problem. If this first step is accomplished, the small size of the child's heart, arrhythmias relatively unique to the pediatric population, and the presence of congenital heart disease add to the complexity.In this manuscript, a review of commonly encountered problems and suggested solutions based on practice are presented. Precise mapping of the arrhythmogenic substrate, techniques to access excluded portions of the atrium from prior surgery, and the basis for electrophysiology maneuvers important in pediatric ablation are highlighted.
Fluorine-Assisted Selective Alkylation to Fluorinated Epoxides and Carbonyl Compounds:  Implication of Pentacoordinate Trialkylaluminum Complexes (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTFluorine-Assisted Selective Alkylation to Fluorinated Epoxides and Carbonyl Compounds: Implication of Pentacoordinate Trialkylaluminum ComplexesTakashi Ooi, Naoko Kagoshima, and Keiji MaruokaView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 24, 5754–5755Publication Date (Web):June 18, 1997Publication History Received2 December 1996Published online18 June 1997Published inissue 1 June 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja964113nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja964113nrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views871Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Aluminum,Ethers,Fluorine,Post-translational modification Get e-Alerts