gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
One-Step Hydrothermal Creation of Hierarchical Microstructures toward Superhydrophilic and Superhydrophobic Surfaces (2009)

This article describes a simple and convenient method to fabricate hierarchically structured coatings on glass substrates from soda lime glass by one-step hydrothermal method. The surfaces of the coatings are rough and are composed of flower-like particles assembled by nanoflakes or urchin-like particles constructed by nanowires. These rough surfaces exhibit superhydrophilicity, their water contact angles reaching 0 degrees in less than 40 ms. After surface modification by 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane, the wetting properties of these coatings switch from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity, with water contact angles as high as 160 degrees and slide angle as low as 1 degrees . The formation mechanism of the hierarchically structured coatings is discussed in detail on the basis of experimental results.
Gender differences in gastrointestinal disturbances and plasma concentrations of tafenoquine in healthy volunteers after tafenoquine administration for post-exposure vivax malaria prophylaxis (2006)

In an open-label sequential cohort study, we compared gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances and plasma tafenoquine concentrations after administration of single-dose (400mg daily x 3 days; n=76 males, 11 females) and split-dose (200 mg twice daily x 3 days; n=73 males, 13 females) tafenoquine regimens in healthy Australian Defence Force volunteers for post-exposure malaria prophylaxis. The female and male volunteers had comparable demographic characteristics (age, weight, height) in the single- and split-dose treatment groups. GI disturbances were generally mild and self-limiting for both groups. The frequency of nausea and abdominal distress was over two-fold higher in females than in males for both treatment groups. Reporting of GI disturbances in the single-dose group differed significantly between males and females, but this gender difference was not seen for the split-dose group. In those volunteers who experienced GI disturbances, the mean plasma tafenoquine concentrations 12 h after the last dose of tafenoquine were approximately 1.3-fold higher in females than in males (means+/-SD: 737+/-118 ng/ml vs. 581+/-113 ng/ml). These preliminary findings suggest that further studies are required in a larger number of females to determine whether there is a need to reduce the dose of tafenoquine to minimise GI disturbances in females.
Four‐photon coherent spectroscopy of orientational motion of H<sub>2</sub>O molecules in liquid water (2005)

Abstract The unexpectedly narrow structure of Rayleigh wing spectra from 5 to 50 cm −1 was detected using four‐photon coherent laser spectroscopy. The observed features were compared with the IR water vapor absorption (from the HITRAN database) and with the spontaneous Raman spectrum in the vapor phase. The fairly good resemblance between our recorded four‐photon spectrum and the pure rotational spectra of H 2 O molecules in the gas phase allows the suggestion that a discernible proportion of water molecules may exhibit virtually free rotation in the liquid phase. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The<i>M</i><sub>r</sub>140,000 Intermediate Chain of<i>Chlamydomonas</i>Flagellar Inner Arm Dynein Is a WD-Repeat Protein Implicated in Dynein Arm Anchoring (1998)

Previous structural and biochemical studies have revealed that the inner arm dynein I1 is targeted and anchored to a unique site located proximal to the first radial spoke in each 96-nm axoneme repeat on flagellar doublet microtubules. To determine whether intermediate chains mediate the positioning and docking of dynein complexes, we cloned and characterized the 140-kDa intermediate chain (IC140) of the I1 complex. Sequence and secondary structural analysis, with particular emphasis on beta-sheet organization, predicted that IC140 contains seven WD repeats. Reexamination of other members of the dynein intermediate chain family of WD proteins indicated that these polypeptides also bear seven WD/beta-sheet repeats arranged in the same pattern along each intermediate chain protein. A polyclonal antibody was raised against a 53-kDa fusion protein derived from the C-terminal third of IC140. The antibody is highly specific for IC140 and does not bind to other dynein intermediate chains or proteins in Chlamydomonas flagella. Immunofluorescent microscopy of Chlamydomonas cells confirmed that IC140 is distributed along the length of both flagellar axonemes. In vitro reconstitution experiments demonstrated that the 53-kDa C-terminal fusion protein binds specifically to axonemes lacking the I1 complex. Chemical cross-linking indicated that IC140 is closely associated with a second intermediate chain in the I1 complex. These data suggest that IC140 contains domains responsible for the assembly and docking of the I1 complex to the doublet microtubule cargo.
开放教育资源与开放、灵活、远程学习（上） 国际开放与远程教育协会（ICDE）开放教育资源特别工作组总结报告 (2010)

五、ICDE对经济合作与发展组织开放教育资源报告有特色的评论意见前面提到经济合作与发展组织的一个研究,其形成的报告最终草稿送交特别工作组各成员,以从ICDE的角度去考虑。我们将收到的意见提炼汇总,按章节进行了整理排序4。
A Study of the Mechanism of Cumene Autoxidation. Mechanism of the Interaction of t-Peroxy Radicals<sup>1</sup> (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Study of the Mechanism of Cumene Autoxidation. Mechanism of the Interaction of t-Peroxy Radicals1Harry S. BlanchardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 17, 4548–4552Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01526a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01526a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views391Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Analysis of Graphs by Connectivity Considerations (1966)

Discrete sequential systems, such as sampled data systems, discrete Markov processes, linear shift register generators, computer programs, sequential code generators, and prefixed comma-free codes, can be represented and studied in a uniform manner by directed graphs and their generating functions. In this paper the properties of the generating functions are examined from certain connectivity considerations of these graphs.
Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: A Disorder of Autonomic Tone? (1994)

Electrophysiological characteristics of atrial cells (action potential duration and refractoriness, conduction speed) are modulated differently by vagal and sympathetic influences. The former tends to favour macro-reentry phenomena whereas the latter favours abnormal automaticity and triggered activity. In normal hearts vagal influences are predominant, thus explaining that the clinical pattern of vagal-mediated paroxysmal atrial fibrillation is preferentially observed in the absence of detectable heart disease, in young male adults, with an ECG pattern of common flutter alternating with fibrillation. Symathetically mediated atrial fibrillation is observed in the presence of any heart disease, the first effect of which is to provoke a vagal withdrawal. The clinical history is a reliable guide for suspecting which type of physiological autonomic predominance contributes to destabilize the arrhythmogenic substrate, but observing the behaviour of sinus rate variability just preceding the onset of the arrhythmia only permits documentation of the mechanism. The role of the autonomic influences should be taken into consideration every time conventional antiarrhythmic treatment is insufficient. Beta-blockers as well as digitalis may be either beneficial or detrimental, according to the causal mechanism, so that the choice of their use as a single or a combined therapy should be appropriate.
[Radioimmunological determination of HBeAg/anti-HBe in HBsAg-positive liver diseases and in "healthy" HBsAg carriers]. (1979)

This paper describes a "solid-phase"-radioimmunoassay for the demonstration of HBeAg and anti-HBe. The investigations revealed the following results: 1. HBeAg is positive in all patients with acute type B-hepatitis during the acute phase of illness. During the normal course of the disease HBeAg turns to negative followed by an anti-HBe lasting for several months. 2. Cases with a persistent virus B-replication as HBsAg-positive CPH, CAH or patients on hemodialysis are positive for HBeAg in their serum. By means of the fluorescent antibody technique these patients have demonstrable HBcAg and HBeAg in their liver biopsies. 3. Healthy HBsAg carriers are anti-HBe-positive in their serum. In their liver biopsies there are no signs of an on-going virus B-replication (HBsAg and HBeAg negative). 4. The radioimmunological determination of HBeAg and anti-HBe enables us to differentiate between the groups with HBsAg positive acute or chronic hepatitis and the group of healthy HBsAg-carriers.
Sensitization to patch test acrylates (1988)

Data on allergic contact dermatitis from acrylates and 4 patients sensitized during routine patch testing are reported. During 1982-1985, we used 7 different acrylates for tests. 1 patient out of 22 (= 4.5%) was sensitized to ethyl acrylate and butyl acrylate (1% pet.). Since September 1985, we have used a commercial (meth)acrylate series containing 28 substances. 3 of 24 patients tested became sensitized to ethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate (0.5% pet.). Because active sensitization with acrylates can be very harmful, it may be necessary to use lower concentrations than recommended. Currently, we test ethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate at 0.167% pet.
Clostridium difficile Diarrhea in Critically Ill Burned Patients (1987)

We followed up 112 patients in the University of Washington Burn Center, Seattle, for the development of Clostridium difficile diarrhea. Diarrhea developed in 20 patients with a mean burn size of 42%, mean age of 38 years, and 49 mean total antibiotic days, for an incidence of 17%. Eleven patients had 16 episodes of nonspecific diarrhea. Nine patients had 11 episodes of C difficile-positive diarrhea and 15 episodes of nonspecific diarrhea for an incidence of 45% of all patients with diarrhea. There were no differences in patient age, burn size, or length of stay between the groups. When the 31 episodes of nonspecific diarrhea were compared with the 11 episodes of C difficile diarrhea, there were no differences between the groups in temperature, albumin levels, or total number of antibiotic days preceding the episodes of diarrhea. The only significant finding that differed between the two types of diarrhea was the white blood cell count on the day of diagnosis. The nonspecific diarrhea was self-limited, requiring antimotility agents in 45% of the episodes. The C difficile diarrhea responded promptly to vancomycin hydrochloride, with resolution of symptoms in an average of 3.3 days. There were two recurrences, and both responded to a second course of vancomycin.
F (2016)

We demonstrate F , a system for building regression models over database views. At its core lies the observation that the computation and representation of materialized views, and in particular of joins, entail non-trivial redundancy that is not necessary for the efficient computation of aggregates used for building regression models. F avoids this redundancy by factorizing data and computation and can outperform the state-of-the-art systems MADlib, R, and Python StatsModels by orders of magnitude on real-world datasets. We illustrate how to incrementally build regression models over factorized views using both an in-memory implementation of F and its SQL encoding. We also showcase the effective use of F for model selection: F decouples the data-dependent computation step from the data-independent convergence of model parameters and only performs once the former to explore the entire model space.
Cell culture media (1997)

Choice of a suitable culture medium, appropriate for the type of cell it is intended to cultivate, is very important. For established cell lines, the medium used will have been pre-determined and it is then usually only a question of continuing with the same medium, serum and culture conditions. Over the history of cell culture, a large number of different types of medium and balanced salt solutions has been formulated and published but even today the vast majority of cells are cultivated in one of seven or eight different media. The formulations for six of the more popular ones are given in Table 3.1 and discussed in this chapter.
Three-Level Hybrid Intrusion Detection System (2009)

With increasing connectivity between computers, the need to keep networks secure becomes more and more vital. Intrusion detection systems have become an essential component of network security to supplement existing defenses. This paper proposes a novel intrusion detection system, which combines the supervised classifiers and unsupervised clustering to detect intrusions. Decision tree, naive Bayes and Bayesian clustering are used at different levels. We also have made improvements to the Na'ive Bayes algorithm by choosing different attributes for different classes. The experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, especially for U2R and R2L type attacks. The detection rate is significantly improved.
Computer response to user frustration (1998)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, February 1999.
Structural heterogeneity within the axis: the main cause in the etiology of dens fractures (1995)

Fractures of the odontoid process are potentially serious injuries; Type II and III fractures, as described by Anderson and D'Alonzo, are seen in the emergency room especially in young adolescents and individuals over 60 years of age. The etiology of these fractures is still controversial. Malunion and nonunion in both types of fractures are presumed to be due to insufficient external or internal fixation, but this theory has not been fully explained. To examine these issues, the authors expanded their prior studies of the anatomy of the axis. For histomorphometric analysis of cancellous and cortical bone, the axis was removed in 37 autopsies (26 normal and 11 osteoporotic cases) and sectioned in the sagittal plane to a thickness of 1 mm using a surface-stained block-grinding technique. The base of the dens is the region of least resistance for fractures because of its reduced trabecular bone volume, a poorer trabecular interconnection, and a cortical thickness one-third that of the axis. In all cases, trabeculae were disconnected from the trabecular lattice, and in 30%, microcallus formations were demonstrated in the base of the dens. A special filigree type of trabeculae in the base of the dens is often seen in patients with osteoporosis; microarchitectural differences of cancellous bone between the base of the dens and the other regions of the axis are also markedly increased. The authors infer from the data that the bone structure of the axis is responsible for the location, distribution, and frequency of fractures of the odontoid process in normal healthy bone and this frequency is greatly increased in individuals with osteoporosis. The deficiency of bone mass within the base also suggests a new explanation for the occurrence of nonunions, even after treatment of fractures of the base of the dens.
Economic Perspectives on Childhood Obesity (2003)

Obesity rates in the U.S. have skyrocketed in the last 30 years. Among adults, obesity rates more than doubled from the early 1970s to the late 1990s. Children obesity rates nearly tripled over the same period. This article discusses why obesity is of interest from an economic perspective. It them examines changes in children's lives, particularly the increase in maternal employment, that may have contributed to increases in children's weight.
A Study on Security and Privacy Guidelines, Countermeasures, Threats: IoT Data at Rest Perspective (2019)

The Internet of Things (IoT) makes our lives much easier, more valuable, and less stressful due to the development of many applications around us including smart cities, smart cars, and smart grids, offering endless services and solutions. Protecting IoT data of such applications at rest either on the objects or in the cloud is an indispensable requirement for achieving a symmetry in the handling and protection of the IoT, as we do with data created by persons and applications. This is because unauthorised access to such data may lead to harmful consequences such as linkage attacks, loss of privacy, and data manipulation. Such undesired implications may jeopardise the existence of IoT applications if protection measures are not taken, and they stem from two main factors. One is that IoT objects have limited capabilities in terms of memory capacity, battery life, and computational power that hamper the direct implementation of conventional Internet security solutions without some modifications (e.g., traditional symmetric algorithms). Another factor is the absence of widely accepted IoT security and privacy guidelines for IoT data at rest and their appropriate countermeasures, which would help IoT stakeholders (e.g., developers, manufacturers) to develop secure IoT systems and therefore enhance IoT security and privacy by design. Toward this end, we first briefly describe the main IoT security goals and identify IoT stakeholders. Moreover, we briefly discuss the most well-known data protection frameworks (e.g., General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), Health Insurance Portability (HIPAA)). Second, we highlight potential attacks and threats against data at rest and show their violated security goals (e.g., confidentiality and integrity). Third, we review a list of protection measures by which our proposed guidelines can be accomplished. Fourth, we propose a framework of security and privacy guidelines for IoT data at rest that can be utilised to enhance IoT security and privacy by design and establish a symmetry with the protection of user-created data. Our framework also presents the link between the suggested guidelines, mitigation techniques, and attacks. Moreover, we state those IoT stakeholders (e.g., manufacturers, developers) who will benefit most from these guidelines. Finally, we suggest several open issues requiring further investigation in the future, and we also discuss the limitations of our suggested framework.
The Impact of Light Including Non-Image Forming Effects on Visual Comfort (2013)

Visual comfort at workplaces has often been considered in terms of discomfort glare, luminance distribution and task visibility. Besides visual effects, the lighting environment has also impact on human physiology and behaviour. These effects of light are transmitted via a novel class of photoreceptors in the mammalian retina, which was discovered only a decade ago. Since then, it has become evident that light also plays an important role in regulating Non‐Image Forming (NIF) functions such as circadian rhythms, alertness, well‐being and mood. In lighting design it is accordingly necessary to take into account not only luminous intensity, but also light's spectral composition, since the novel class of photoreceptors is more maximally sensitive to different luminous wavelengths than the classical photoreceptors (e.g. rods and cones). The main focus of this doctoral thesis is on visual comfort assessment at workplaces. It was hypothesized that the impact of light on visual comfort comprises not only luminance distribution and/or luminous intensity, but also other qualitative aspects of the lighting environment. Office lighting influences building occupants in terms of visual task performance, alertness, health and well‐being. The aim of this thesis was to assess the impact of office lighting on visual comfort including NIF effects. Firstly, in order to monitor the luminance distribution within a scene, a new photometric device based on a high dynamic range logarithmic visual sensor (IcyCAMTM) was set up. After calibrations and validations, the photometric device was used to assess luminance distribution of office spaces in a very efficient way. Secondly, two experimental studies were performed with human subjects, aiming to test the acute effects of light on visual comfort variables, subjective alertness, mood and well‐being. Lastly, the novel device was also used during one of the studies to monitor the impacts of luminous distribution over time and under various lighting conditions. The novel photometric device enables to assess luminous distribution also in circadian metrics with respect to NIF effects of light. The results from the two studies showed the effects of office lighting including different sky conditions and time‐of‐day changes on visual comfort and NIF functions. Inter‐individual differences, as assessed in extreme chronotypes, also had an influence on visual comfort. Interestingly, luminance distribution was not only found to impact on visual comfort but also on subjective alertness, mood and well‐being. To conclude, the results obtained with the new device provide a more comprehensive scientific framework and practical basis for indoor lighting design at workplaces.
Development of Fabrication Techniques and Electrodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2001)

Tape casting, lamination and co-sintering were used to prepare anodesupported YSZ membranes. Optimization of the co-sintering conditions and tape compositions resulted in gas-tight YSZ membranes and highly porous anode substrates. To complete the cell fabrication, cathodes were screen-printed onto the YSZ membranes and sintered. I-V testing and microstructural analysis of single cells was used to evaluate and improve cell performance (i.e., power density and lifetime).