gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
METHODS AND CONSIDERATIONS FOR EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS. (1999)

Research into epilepsy and development of antiepileptic drugs relies heavily on studies in experimental animals. Though the conventional pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures and electroshock-induced seizures remain the mainstay of any antiepileptic drug screening protocol, considering the diversity of seizure types and underlying pathologies encountered in epilectics, numerous other seizure models have been developed. Some of these experimental models of seizures and considerations governing their selection are reviewed.
Die Verteilung der freien und veresterten Carboxylgruppen im Pektinmolekül nach Einwirkung von Pektinesterase aus <i>Aspergillus niger</i> und Orangen (1985)

By reaction of pectin esterase (PE) from Aspergillus niger and oranges as well as lye, with 95% esterified citrus and apple pectin we prepared series of preparations with degrees of esterification between 35 and 77%. In these partial deesterified pectins the form of distribution of the free and esterified carboxyl groups has been determined from the activity coefficient gamma Ca2+ of the calcium counterions in the solutions of the corresponding calcium pectinates, from the electrostatic free enthalpy delta (Gel/N)KCa of the ion exchange Ca2+----2K+ in these systems as well as from the relative activity of the polygalacturonase reacting with sodium pectinate. The PE from A niger hydrolyzes the esterified carboxyl groups more or less randomly, in a manner similar to the effect of lye on pectin. On the other hand PE from oranges brings about block-like groupings of free carboxyl groups in the pectin molecule. The study revealed different reaction mechanisms of the pectin deesterification by pectin esterases from Aspergillus species and higher plants.
Recent Studies Done on Molecular Docking: A Review (2019)

Abstract In the field of molecular modeling, docking is a method which predicts the preferred orientation of one molecule to a second when bound to each other to form a stable complex. Knowledge of the preferred orientation in turn may be used to predict the strength of association or binding affinity between two molecules using, for example, scoring functions. Keywords: Molecular modelling, docking, scoring function Cite this Article Rahuldeep. Recent Studies Done on Molecular Docking: A Review. Research & Reviews: A Journal of Bioinformatics . 2017; 4(2): 21–23p.
Voltage stability and security assessment: Final report (1988)

A theoretical foundation was developed for modeling, analyzing, and testing a system for voltage collapse. Real power-reactive power (PQ) and real power-voltage (PV) controlability of the transient stability model is defined at any time step along the transient trajectory or at an equilibrium point. Tests for PQ and PV controlability were developed and /und string/ proven to encompass every known test for voltage stability based on: (a) multiple loadflow/transient stability methods (that assess whether multiple solutions exist, whether the simulation will converge, and the speed of convergence of Newton Raphson based solution mehtods; (b) linearized dynamic mehtods that establish tests that insure tap changer, switchable shunt capacitor, static var compensator, and excitation voltage controls are stable; (c) nonlinear dynamic method tests that attempt to establish a region of stability where the transient stability model is voltage stable; and (d) loadflow sensitivity methods that attempt to establish sensitivity matrix. A method for determining the buses, which are vulnerable to voltage collapse for a contingency, was developed that does not require a loadflow or transient stability simulation of the contingency. The controlability and strong controlability tests are applied to a 30 bus New England system model. The results confirm the theory andmore » show that the controlability tests that include real power/voltage and reactive power/phase coupling are more accurated and sensitive than decoupled model controlability tests when the system approaches voltage collapse. 60 refs., 107 tabs., 14 figs.« less
The phospholipids of butter and their effect on blood coagulation (1961)

2. Chromatography of the washed, deprotein- ized, lipid extract on alumina with a gradient- elution technique, in which the water content of the solvent was slowly increased, led to the suc- cessive elution ofcerebroside, sulphatide and aminophospholipid. The cerebroside and sulphatide peaks always overlapped. With one batch of alumina the gaI6ctose-containing lipids were completely separ- ated from the aminophospholipid.
Gluconeogenesis in periportal and perivenous hepatocytes of rat liver, isolated by a new high-yield digitonin/collagenase perfusion technique (1985)

A technique is described which allows preparations of hepatocytes, enriched in either periportal or perivenous hepatocytes ('PP-cells' and 'PV-cells' respectively), in a yield of about 30-50% compared with control cell preparations. The liver is first perfused for 40-60s with digitonin (4 mg/ml) to destroy selectively either the periportal or the perivenous part of the microcirculatory unit, and then the remaining hepatocytes are isolated by the ordinary collagenase perfusion technique. In periportal cells the activities of alanine aminotransferase and pyruvate kinase were 29.4 and 18.7 mumol/min per mg of DNA respectively. The rate of gluconeogenesis was 0.402 mumol/min per mg of DNA. In perivenous cells the corresponding values were 9.55, 22.1 and 0.244 mumol/min per mg of DNA respectively. These data support the concept of a zonation of glucose metabolism within the microcirculatory unit of the liver, with the afferent part (periportal zone) having a 2-fold, more active gluconeogenesis than the efferent part (perivenous zone).
Decision trees on interval valued variables (2005)

In symbolic data analysis, the values of the variables can be, among others, intervals. The algebraic structure of these variables leads us to adapt dissimilarity ones to be able to study them. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov criterion is used as a test selection metric for decision tree induction. For this criterion, the values taken by the explanatory variables have to be ordered. We have been interested to different possible orders of these interval values. In this paper, we study, on the one hand, the reliability of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov criterion, and, on the other hand, we compare this criterion with the classical criterion of Gini. 1
Concrete Cracks Detection Using Convolutional NeuralNetwork Based on Transfer Learning (2020)

Crack plays a critical role in the field of evaluating the quality of concrete structures, which affects the safety, applicability, and durability of the structure. Due to its excellent performance in image processing, the convolutional neural network is becoming the mainstream choice to replace manual crack detection. In this paper, we improve the EfficientNetB0 to realize the detection of concrete surface cracks using the transfer learning method. The model is designed by neural architecture search technology. The weights are pretrained on the ImageNet. Supervised learning uses Adam optimizer to update network parameters. In the testing process, crack images from different locations were used to further test the generalization capability of the model. By comparing the detection results with the MobileNetV2, DenseNet201, and InceptionV3 models, the results show that our model greatly reduces the number of parameters while achieving high accuracy (0.9911) and has good generalization capability. Our model is an efficient detection model, which provides a new option for crack detection in areas with limited computing resources.
Oxidation of Sintered Aluminum Nitride at Near‐Ambient Temperatures (1992)

Oxidation of sintered aluminum nitride at low temperatures (20°–200°C) was studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Particles of α‐Al 2 O 3 , about 20–30 Å in size, were found to form within minutes on freshly cleaned surfaces of AlN at room temperature. The oxide was found to grow nearly epitaxially on AlN when the {0001} AlN planes were exposed to the surface. Limited nonepitaxial oxidation was also observed when the basal planes were inclined to the TEM foil surface. After 10 h in air at 75°C, the particles coarsened to about 50 Å, while after 150 h at 200°C, an oxide film, about 500 Å thick, was observed on some grains.
The mode features of an ideal-gap open-ring microstrip antenna (1989)

A rigorous analysis of the features of the modes of an ideal-gap open-ring (closed ring with a cross cut) printed microstrip antenna is presented. General expressions for its radiation field are derived by using the cavity model, trigonometric identities, and the properties of the cylindrical functions. The solution and the computed results for the radiation patterns and the field distributions for the even and odd modes are presented. The solutions for the even modes are the same as those for the closed-ring printed microstrip antenna. The results for the radiation patterns and other antenna characteristics for the odd modes indicate the superiority in the radiation properties of the ideal-gap open ring when excited in the TM/sub 12/ mode over those of a closed ring.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Veto cell suppression mechanisms in the prevention of allograft rejection (1998)

Substantial evidence has accumulated to suggest that in the near future implementation of the veto-cell-suppressor concept in the treatment of kidney allograft recipients might lead to the establishment of life-long specific allograft tolerance in the absence of further immunosuppressive therapy. Veto suppression prevents the generation of antigen-specific T-helper and cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro provided that the T-lymphocyte precursors specifically recognize antigenic peptides associated with the major histocompatibility complex molecules class II and class I, respectively, expressed on the surface of the veto-active cell. Data from a large number of experimental and clinical studies strongly indicate that veto-active cells function in vivo and are capable of preventing allograft rejection. Thus, donor-cell-mediated veto activity is the most likely explanation for the well-known graft tolerizing effect of pretransplant donor blood transfusions in kidney graft recipients. A prerequisite for a veto-active environment in vivo is the establishment of lymphoid microchimerism, in which veto-active donor and recipient cells mutually downregulate potential alloaggression.
High speed serial data modem with modified Viterbi decoders (1994)

The HF transmission channel is characterized by severe distortions and very fast variations; in order to allow high speed data communications, very complex demodulators are required, employing both fast adaptive algorithms and sophisticated decoders. This paper reports the results of a study for the realization of 8PSK adaptive serial modem for communication in the HF frequency range. The modem operates with 2400 Baud, PSK modulation, over a 300-3400 Hz voiceband channel. Two problems have to be solved to allow efficient use of the available voiceband: channel identification, that is adaptive estimation of the channel impulse response, and optimum data decoding, this latter not being separated from some kind of adaptive equalization of the received signal. The choice for the decoding algorithm has fallen on a modified Viterbi algorithm decoder due to its superior performance with respect to more simple decoders. The decoder is preceeded by an adaptive equalizer. Both the decoder and the equalizer are driven by an adaptive estimator and the overall structure of the modem is shown.
Sample rate conversion for digital audio processing (2002)

The use of multirate systems that utilize finite impulse response (FIR) filters for several audio applications is discussed. Decimation and interpolation techniques allow the use of different sampling rates throughout the audio path and the reduction of filter size for ease and flexibility of implementation. It is shown that the techniques can be easily implemented by choosing a transversal FIR filter structure. Typical hardware and software structures are presented. Applications of these methods showing the versatility and ease of implementation in several audio systems are introduced.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ontology based text clustering using the dissimilarity measure (2010)

Performance of the text clustering can be improved by using ontologies. Before implementing the clustering process term mutual information matrix is calculated with the aid of the background knowledge build to textual data. Then the K-Modes algorithm is used to cluster the textual data with the dissimilarity measure. This result to obtain clusters with strong intra-similarities and efficiently cluster large textual data.
Prognostic Significance of JC Virus DNA Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with HIV-Associated Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (2005)

Measurement of JCV DNA levels in CSF samples may be a useful virological marker for management of PML in patients receiving HAART.
PACP: A Position-Independent Activity Recognition Method Using Smartphone Sensors (2016)

Human activity recognition has been a hot topic in recent years. With the advances in sensor technology, there has been a growing interest in using smartphones equipped with a set of built-in sensors to solve tasks of activity recognition. However, in most previous studies, smartphones were used with a fixed position—like trouser pockets—during recognition, which limits the user behavior. In the position-independent cases, the recognition accuracy is not very satisfactory. In this paper, we studied human activity recognition with smartphones in different positions and proposed a new position-independent method called PACP (Parameters Adjustment Corresponding to smartphone Position), which can markedly improve the performance of activity recognition. In PACP, features were extracted from the raw accelerometer and gyroscope data to recognize the position of the smartphone first; then the accelerometer data were adjusted corresponding to the position; finally, the activities were recognized with the SVM (Support Vector Machine) model trained by the adjusted data. To avoid the interference of smartphone orientations, the coordinate system of the accelerometer was transformed to get more useful information during this process. Experimental results show that PACP can achieve an accuracy over 91%, which is more effective than previous methods.
Food policy in 2013: Nutrition grabs the spotlight as hunger persists (2014)

The challenge of ensuring future food and nutrition security received widespread attention in 2013.This chapter describes discussions on the direction of the global development agenda as the world approaches the 2015 deadline of the Millennium Development Goals and reviews major 2013 food policy events and decisions around the world.
Expression and Purification of the Helicase-like Subdomains, H1 and H23, of Reverse Gyrase from A. fulgidus for Heteronuclear NMR study (2015)

Reverse gyrase is a hyperthermophile specific protein which introduces positive supercoils into DNA molecules. Reverse gyrase consists of an N-terminal helicase-like domain and a C-terminal topoisomerase domain. The helicase-like domain shares the three-dimensional structure with two tandem RecA-folds (H1 and H2), in which the subdomain H2 is interrupted by the latch domain (H3). To understand the physical property of the hyperthermophile-specific protein, two subdomains af_H1 and af_H23 have been cloned into E. coli expression vector, pET28a. The <TEX>$^{15}N$</TEX>-labeled af_H1 and af_H23 proteins were expressed and purified for heteronuclear NMR study. The af_H1 protein exhibits the well-dispersion of amide signals in its <TEX>$^1H/^{15}N$</TEX>-HSQC spectra and thus further NMR study continues to be progressed.
Measurements of Pressure Fields with Multi-Point Membrane Gauges at Electrohydraulic Forming (2010)

Success of electrohydraulic forming (EHF) process depends on coincidence of the needed pressure field with the field generated by discharge chamber at sequent stages of sheet blank deformation. Impulse loading at high-voltage discharge has a very complicated character and involves many phenomena: direct shock waves, hydraulic flows, quasi-static pressure of gas bubble, reflected shock waves, cavitation, secondary shock waves, etc. Also internal shapes of a discharge chamber, design and location of electrodes have a great influence on pressure distribution along blank surface. Because of these features, the simulation of EHF processes is very complicated task to be solved for chambers equipped with single electrode pair. And difficulties are increased greatly for simulation of multi-electrode discharge blocks (MDB). First of all, reliable data on pressure distribution at various discharge conditions are necessary to reveal and describe influence of each factor of impulse loading. Multi-point membrane pressure gauges (MPG) give an opportunity to obtain pressure maps with high resolution at relatively low cost. By design MPG typically consists of body plate with large number of small holes and sensitive element - metallic membrane. Deformation of membrane in each point (hole) can be measured and recalculated into pressure. Totality of many pressure points allows plotting a pressure map. MPGs are better suitable for measurement of shock-waves pressure. For this purpose the holes diameter and membrane thickness should be specified in such a manner that membrane is sensitive only to shock waves. Combination of MPG measurements with piezoelectric sensors can give full information about pressure map changing in time. These data could be a good basis for simulation of impulse loading with approximation formulas and also could be used as a check data for the simulation programs based on theoretical relationships. Initially the method based on MPG application was designed for investigations and improvements of discharge chambers with various forms of internal (reflecting) surfaces, electrodes position and their shapes, influence of design features on pressure distribution. Vast experimental investigations were carried out with MPG application for typical single-electrode-pair discharge chambers (conical and parabolic) and multi-electrode discharge blocks.
Reverse engineering stiffened plates using guided wave-based nondestructive testing methods (2018)

For the purpose of nondestructive testing (NDT), guided waves can be transmitted into a structure, and any defects or anomalies in the waves’ path modify the measured waves. Signal processing methods can be used to extract information about these features. In this work, an NDT method is demonstrated based on laboratory experiments for the case of a flat, rectangular, aluminum plate, which has a stiffener mounted underneath along the middle axis, such that the stiffener cannot be seen from the upper “outside” surface. Piezoelectric transducers are set up in a pitch-catch arrangement on this surface with the assumption that the location of the stiffener is unknown. When guided waves are induced in the plate by one of the transducers, the waves that are received by the other carry the information of the stiffener, as well as any defects in or boundaries of the structure. By transmitting from different points on a grid on the plate, the location and size of any geometry or material discontinuities can be identified. Hence, the developed algorithm reverse engineers the plate by mapping its edges and identifying the region of the stiffener.
Physiologic Characteristics of Malignant Unilateral Main-Stem Bronchial Obstruction: Diagnosis and Nd-YAG Laser Treatment (1988)

To evaluate the effects of severe, unilateral main-stem malignant bronchial obstruction on airway dynamics, we obtained maximal expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curves in 11 patients 59 +/- 18 yr of age (mean +/- 1 SD), three with and eight without underlying emphysema, before and after laser therapy (10 patients) or lung resection (one patient). Mean main-stem bronchial diameters before and after treatment were 1.1 +/- 1.3 and 9.0 +/- 0.8 mm, respectively (p less than 0.05). In the three patients with underlying emphysema, MEFV curves showed a diffuse intrathoracic obstructive pattern before and after treatment; in the other eight patients, MEFV curves demonstrated an apparently restrictive pattern, with associated airflow obstruction in four, reversible after laser treatment in three of these four. After treatment, all patients exhibited an increase in FVC with a roughly parallel shift of the MEFV curve and little change in the slope of the descending limb of the MEFV curve: FVC improved from 54 +/- 16 to 86 +/- 13% predicted in patients without emphysema and from 54 +/- 16 to 77 +/- 8% predicted in patients with emphysema, whereas the slope of the descending limb of the MEFV curve between 45 and 55% of FVC changed minimally from 2.0 +/- 0.6 to 1.8 +/- 0.5 s-1 in patients without emphysema and from 0.8 +/- 0.3 to 0.8 +/- 0.1 s-1 in patients with emphysema.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Serving Machine Learning Workloads in Resource Constrained Environments: a Serverless Deployment Example (2019)

Deployed AI platforms typically ship with bulky system architectures which present bottlenecks and a high risk of failure. A serverless deployment can mitigate these factors and provide a cost-effective, automatically scalable (up or down) and elastic real-time on-demand AI solution. However, deploying high complexity production workloads into serverless environments is far from trivial, e.g., due to factors such as minimal allowance for physical codebase size, low amount of runtime memory, lack of GPU support and a maximum runtime before termination via timeout. In this paper we propose a set of optimization techniques and show how these transform a codebase which was previously incompatible with a serverless deployment into one that can be successfully deployed in a serverless environment; without compromising capability or performance. The techniques are illustrated via worked examples that have been deployed live on rail data and realtime predictions on train movements on the UK rail network. The similarities of a serverless environment to other resource constrained environments (IoT, Mobile) means the techniques can be applied to a range of use cases.
Figure‐of‐Merit‐Based Area‐Constrained Design of Differential Amplifiers (2008)

A new methodology based on the concept of figure of merit under area constraints is described for designing optimum performance differential amplifiers. First a figure of merit is introduced that includes the three performance parameters, namely, input‐referred noise, differential dc gain, and unity‐gain bandwidth. Expressions for these parameters have been derived analytically and finally arrived at an expression for the figure of merit. Next it is shown how these performance parameters vary with the relative allocation of the total available area between the input and load transistors. The figure of merit peaks at a certain value of relative area allocation in the range of 60% to 80% of the available area to the input transistors. The peak value of figure of merit is a function of area. However, it is independent of biasing current (and, therefore, power consumption) subject to the minimum current (and, therefore, a minimum power) required to keep all the transistors biased in the saturation region. The peak figure of merit and minimum power required to achieve the peak figure of merit are also plotted as a function of area. These analyses help in synthesizing optimal differential amplifier circuit designs under area constraints.