gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kit-Multi: A translation-oriented multilingual embedding corpus (2018)

Cross-lingual word embeddings are the representations of words across languages in a shared continuous vector space. Cross-lingual word embeddings have been shown to be helpful in the development of cross-lingual natural language processing tools. In case of more than two languages involved, we call them multilingual word embeddings. In this work, we introduce a multilingual word embedding corpus which is acquired by using neural machine translation. Unlike other cross-lingual embedding corpora, the embeddings can be learned from significantly smaller portions of data and for multiple languages at once. An intrinsic evaluation on monolingual tasks shows that our method is fairly competitive to the prevalent methods but on the cross-lingual document classification task, it obtains the best figures. We are in the process to produce the embeddings for more languages, especially the languages which belong to the same family or sematically close to each others, such as Japanese-Korean, Chinese-Vietnamese, German-Dutch, or Latin-based languagues. Furthermore, the corpus is being analyzedd regarding its usage and usefulness in other cross-lingual tasks.
Evaluation of Correlation Coefficients Obtained with a Stepwise Regression Analysis (1985)

The least-squares linear regression analysis is a valuable method of analyzing experimental data where there is no established theoretical relation between the variables being studied. The extent to which the variation of one variable can be predicted by another quantity that can be more readily measured is expressed by the correlation coefficient. The standard error of estimate indicates the precision of the prediction. In general, no single number will adequately indicate the quality of a relationship. This fact places a responsibility on the investigator to exercise sound judgment in evaluating the regression equation. Two methods of evaluation that are generally effective in identifying problems in the relationship are (1) to plot the results in a two-dimensional graph, and (2) to repeat the experiment. A nonlinear relationship was well as nonrandomness in the errors can be identified when the data are plotted. Repeated experiments can aid in the identification of variables that may influence the relationship, as well as inaccuracies, and can explain one's inability to extrapolate beyond the immediate data set.
Langmuir Turbulence under Hurricane Gustav (2008) (2014)

Abstract Extreme winds and complex wave fields drive upper-ocean turbulence in tropical cyclone conditions. Motivated by Lagrangian float observations of bulk vertical velocity variance (VVV) under Hurricane Gustav (2008), upper-ocean turbulence is investigated based on large-eddy simulation (LES) of the wave-averaged Navier–Stokes equations. To realistically capture wind- and wave-driven Langmuir turbulence (LT), the LES model imposes the Stokes drift vector from spectral wave simulations; both the LES and wave model are forced by the NOAA Hurricane Research Division (HRD) surface wind analysis product. Results strongly suggest that without LT effects simulated VVV underestimates the observed VVV. LT increases the VVV, indicating that it plays a significant role in upper-ocean turbulence dynamics. Consistent with observations, the LES predicts a suppression of VVV near the hurricane eye due to wind-wave misalignment. However, this decrease is weaker and of shorter duration than that observed, potentially due to large-scale horizontal advection not present in the LES. Both observations and simulations are consistent with a highly variable upper ocean turbulence field beneath tropical cyclone cores. Bulk VVV, a TKE budget analysis, and anisotropy coefficient (ratio of horizontal to vertical velocity variances) profiles all indicate that LT is suppressed to levels closer to that of shear turbulence (ST) due to misaligned wind and wave fields. VVV approximately scales with the directional surface layer Langmuir number. Such a scaling provides guidance for the development of an upper-ocean boundary layer parameterization that explicitly depends on sea state.
A canonical FtsZ protein in Verrucomicrobium spinosum, a member of the Bacterial phylum Verrucomicrobia that also includes tubulin-producing Prosthecobacter species (2007)

Verrucomicrobium spinosum has been found to possess a gene for a protein homologous to the cytoskeletal protein FtsZ. The results suggest the functional as well as structural homology of the V. spinosum FtsZ to the FtsZs of other Bacteria implying its involvement in cell septum formation during division. Thus, both bacteria-like FtsZ and eukaryote-like tubulin cytoskeletal homologs occur in different species of the phylum Verrucomicrobia of domain Bacteria, a result with potential major implications for understanding evolution of tubulin-like cytoskeletal proteins and the origin of eukaryote tubulins.
ANGPTL2 enhanced hepatic lipid accumulation in mice. (2015)

<p>A, Representative images of the liver (Left: LacZ, Right: Angptl2, db/db mice). B, Liver triglyceride levels (Left: Lean mice, Right: db/db mice, n = 7–8 animals per group). C, Representative images of oil red O staining (Left: LacZ, Right: Angptl2, db/db mice). D, Oil red O staining area (n = 7–8, db/db mice). E, Quantitative RT-PCR of mRNAs encoding genes related to fatty acid metabolism in the liver of lean mice (n = 8) F, Quantitative RT-PCR of mRNAs encoding genes related to fatty acid metabolism in the liver of db/db mice (n = 7–8). Data are mean ± SEM, **: P<0.01, *: P<0.05 compared with LacZ group.</p>
Differential Invariants and Symbolic Integration for Distributed Hybrid Systems (CMU-CS-12-107) (2018)

We present a formal proof of collision avoidance for a simple distributed hybrid system consisting of an arbitrary finite number of cars on a one dimensional road. Our cars take actions independently from one another and without synchronization, thus behaving in a truly distributed manner. We allow cars to enter and exit the road. For the continuous dynamics, we show how differential invariants and symbolic solutions can be used together harmoniously to prove things that neither could prove alone. We have fully mechanized our formal proof within our theorem prover KeYmaeraD.
Fabrication of silicon carbide semiconductor core optical fibre preform (2013)

This work describes for the first time about the development of silicon carbide (SiC) semiconductor doped optical fibre preform made by modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) process followed by solution doping technique. Quantum dot level nano crystals are observed after thermal annealing of the preform samples at 1400°C temperature. We explained the formation of silicon carbide semiconductors within silica glass based optical fibre preform thermodynamically followed by material characterization through EPMA, SEM, TEM, and XRD to investigate material properties of the preform samples. Such kind of optical fibre preforms will be suitable for making of silicon carbide semiconductor doped optical fibres which may open the door to use itself in the field of non-linear optical devices.
Tuberculosis in prisons: anatomy of global neglect (2011)

Infectious diseases can be transmitted readily within prisons due to close contact between prisoners. Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV/AIDS are two important causes of morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases worldwide [1, 2]; prisons have become reservoirs for these diseases in many settings. TB prevalence among prisoners worldwide can be up to 50 times higher than national averages [3, 4]. Prisons account for a substantial proportion of the TB burden in the USA [5] and TB in prisons poses a major problem in the rest of the world, especially in countries of the former Soviet Union [6, 7] and sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) [8, 9]. Co-infection with HIV in prisoners with active or latent TB is well documented [4, 10, 11] and this presents difficult diagnostic and management challenges to prison health systems.

Apart from immunosuppression due to HIV, the high concentration of TB in prisons is often related to prisoner-associated risk factors such as poor nutrition, stress, drug and alcohol abuse, malnutrition, and associated chronic illnesses [3, 4, 9]. In addition, poor prison living conditions and mass incarceration [12] with inadequate ventilation, in such congregate settings, promote the transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis between prisoners. Such host and environmental risk factors facilitate new M. tuberculosis infections to progress to active disease, or may cause re-activation of latent TB in prisoners, the risk of which is at least an order of magnitude higher in prisons than in the general community [3]. Prisons serve as reservoirs of drug-resistant TB [10–12] which is increasingly being reported from Eastern European [6, 7, 10, 11, 13] and SSA prisons [8 …
The Effect of Small Dispersion on Two Phase Operations (1981)

Journal Article The Effect of Small Dispersion on Two Phase Operations Get access I. J. SOBEY I. J. SOBEY Department of Engineering Science, Oxford UniversityParks Road, Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar IMA Journal of Applied Mathematics, Volume 27, Issue 2, April 1981, Pages 237–250, https://doi.org/10.1093/imamat/27.2.237 Published: 01 April 1981 Article history Received: 02 July 1980 Published: 01 April 1981
Genomics and Bacterial Pathogenesis (2000)

Whole-genome sequencing is transforming the study of pathogenic bacteria. Searches for single virulence genes can now be performed on a genomewide scale by a variety of computer and genetic techniques. These techniques are discussed to provide a perspective on the developing field of genomics.
Predominance of <i>vanA</i> Genotype amongVancomycin-Resistant <i>Enterococcus</i> Isolates from Poultry andSwine in CostaRica (2003)

The use of avoparcin as a growth promoter is considered to have selected for vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). In Costa Rica, the use of avoparcin for poultry and swine was intensive until the product was withdrawn from the market in 2000. We evaluated the presence of VRE in poultry, swine, and cattle fecal samples obtained during 1998 and 1999. A total of 185 VRE isolates were recovered from 116 out of 893 samples. Enterococcus faecium was the most frequently isolated species (50.8%), being predominant among poultry (71.6%) and swine (37.7%) isolates, but it was not recovered from the bovine samples. The second-most-frequently-isolated species from poultry and swine, respectively, were E. durans (23.2%) and E. faecalis (21.7%). E. casseliflavus was the only species obtained from bovine samples, but it was not found among the avian isolates. An evident predominance of the vanA determinant among vancomycin-resistant enterococcal species from poultry and swine, but not from cattle, was observed and was similar to the situation in European countries before avoparcin was forbidden. The diversity of the vanA determinant in the isolates was assessed by detection of the IS1251 insertion in the vanSH intergenic region and of the IS1476 insertion in the vanXY intergenic region. However, in none of the 154 vanA+ isolates recovered in this study were those insertions detected.
Formation and transformation of smectic polypropylene nanodroplets (2006)

Abstract A dispersion of isotactic polypropylene (PP) nanoparticles was produced by interfacially‐driven breakup of PP nanolayers. Layer‐multiplying coextrusion was used to fabricate an assembly of 257 alternating PP nanolayers about 12 nm thick sandwiched between thicker polystyrene (PS) layers. Characterization by thermal analysis and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) confirmed that PP crystallized primarily in the smectic form when confined as nanolayers. When the layered assembly was heated into the melt, the PP nanolayers broke up to form a dispersion of PP droplets in a PS matrix. After solidification, particle size analysis revealed that 90% of the PP was present as 30 nm nanoparticles. The particles were small enough and numerous enough that most did not contain a primary nucleus. When cooled from melt at 10 °C min −1 , the droplets crystallized by homogeneous nucleation at 40 °C. The droplets were found to be in the smectic form by WAXD. Because crystallization occurred below the temperature of the smectic to α‐form transformation, the intermediate smectic form was stable and did not convert to the α‐form until heated above 70 °C. This result provided direct evidence for an intermediate smectic phase in the process whereby homogeneous nucleation leads to α‐form crystals in confined nanoparticles. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 1795–1803, 2006
Thiol‐Based SAHA Analogues as Potent Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation of methadone and some congeners labeled with tritium in the aromatic rings (1982)

Abstract [diphenyl‐2,2′‐ 3 H 2 ]Methadone with specific activity of 8‐30 Ci/mmol was prepared by reductive dehalogenation of 6‐dimethylamino‐4, 4‐bis(2‐chlorophenyl)‐3‐heptanone with carrier‐free tritium gas. The labeled congeners (−)‐α‐acetylmethadol, (−)‐α‐acetyl‐N‐normethadol, and (−)‐α‐acetyl‐N,N‐dinormethadol were prepared from (+)‐[diphenyl‐2,2′‐ 3 H 2 ]methadone.
Routing in max-min fair networks: A game theoretic approach (2010)

In this paper, we study the problem of routing in networks with max-min fair congestion control at the link level. The goal of each user is to maximize its own bandwidth by selecting its path. The problem is formulated as a non-cooperative game. We first prove the existence of Nash Equilibria. This is important, because at a Nash Equilibrium (NE), no user has the incentive to change its routing strategy. In addition, we investigate how the selfish behavior of the users may affect the performance of the network as a whole. We next introduce a novel concept of observed available bandwidth on each link. It allows a user to find a path with maximum bandwidth under max-min fair congestion control in polynomial time. We then present a game based algorithm to compute an NE and prove that by following the natural game course the network converges to an NE. Extensive experiments show that the network can converge to an NE in less than 10 iterations and also significantly improves the fairness compared with other algorithms. Our results have the implication for the future routing protocol design.
An Overview of the Smart Sensor Inter-agency Reference Testbench (SSIART) (2013)

In this paper, we present an overview of a proposed collaboration between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the European Space Agency (ESA), which is designed to facilitate the introduction of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) radios for smart-sensing applications into international spaceflight programs and projects. The proposed work will produce test hardware reference designs, test software reference architectures and example implementations, test plans in reference test environments, and test results, all of which will be shared between the agencies and documented for future use by mission planners. The proposed collaborative structure together with all of the anticipated tools and results produced under the effort is collectively referred to as the Smart Sensor Inter-agency Reference Testbench or SSIART. It is intended to provide guidance in technology selection and in increasing the related readiness levels of projects and missions as well as the space industry.
Deuteriodediazoniation: A general method for the replacement of a diazonium group by deuterium (1995)

Abstract Aromatic amino groups are replaced with deuterium via a diazonium salt intermediate. Dimethylformamide‐d 7 is the deuterium donor in this mild replacement method that yields aromatic‐ d 1 products in high isotopic purity. The presence of methyl groups lowers the isotopic purity of the products.
Differentiation of B lymphocytes in sheep. I. Phenotypic analysis of ileal Peyer's patch cells and the demonstration of a precursor population for sIg+ cells in the ileal Peyer's patches. (1984)

The ileal Peyer's patches (IPP) of sheep may be a primary lymphoid organ for b cells since they have a number of important features in common with the bursa of Fabricius of chickens. We have examined the surface phenotype of IPP cells. Approximately 90% to 95% of IPP cells are 'low sIgM+'; that is, they have surface IgM, but in much smaller amounts than peripheral B cells, which are 'high sIgM+'. IPP cells with sIgG or sIgA are very rare. Upon exposure to a tumour promotor, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), in vitro, low sIgM+ cells differentiated into high sIgM+ cells. The amount of Ia-like antigens on the surface also increased after PMA treatment. Approximately 5% of IPP cells bore no identifiable markers. However, these cells could also be induced into high sIgM+ cells upon exposure to PMA; this may indicate the presence of precursors of sIgM+ cells within the IPP. While PNA (peanut agglutinin) binds strongly to the vast majority of IPP cells, it binds very little, if at all, to B cells obtained from the periphery, unless they have been treated with neuraminidase; this suggests that cells in the B lineage retain their PNA receptors, but that these become masked by sialic acid on mature B cells.
The Relationship Between Tests of Sensorimotor Integration, Tactile Sensitivity and Gross Motor Skills in Normal and Developmentally Delayed Preschool Children (1984)

To examine the relationship of tests of sensorimotor integration, tactile sensitivity, and gross motor skills among preschoolers, the investigators administered three assessment tools to a sample of 61 preschool children (12 non-handicapped children and 49 children with mild developmental delays). Tests used were the Assessment of Sensorimotor Integration in Preschool Children, the Tactile Sensitivity Checklist, and the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales. Modifications were made in the tools designed to assess sensorimotor integration and tactile sensitivity and are described in detail. The relationship of scores on the sensorimotor integration tool to chronological age was evaluated; a strong positive correlation was noted for the scores of the 12 non-handicapped preschoolers. A significant correlation between scores on the sensorimotor integration tool and those of the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales was noted for the entire sample of children. There was no significant relationship between scores on the sensorimotor integration tool and the Tactile Sensitivity Checklist. Strengths and limitations of the sensorimotor integration tool were discussed as they relate to potential use in a pediatric therapy setting.
Characterization of azimuthal and longitudinal modes in rolled-up InGaAs/GaAs microtubes at telecom wavelengths (2013)

We report on theoretical and experimental investigation of azimuthal and longitudinal modes in rolled-up microtubes at telecom wavelengths. These microtubes are fabricated by selectively releasing a coherently strained InGaAs/GaAs bilayer. We apply planar waveguide method and a quasi-potential model to analyze the azimuthal and longitudinal modes in the microtubes near 1550 nm. Then we demonstrate these modes in transmission spectrum by evanescent light coupling. The experimental observations agree well with the calculated results. Surface-scattering-induced mode splitting is also observed in both transmission and reflection spectra at ~1600 nm. The mode splitting is in essence the non-degeneracy of clockwise and counter-clockwise whispering-gallery modes of the microtubes. This study is significant for understanding the physics of modes in microtubes and other microcavities with three-dimensional optical confinement, as well as for potential applications such as microtube-based photonic integrated devices and sensing purposes.
Contribution of a speech recognition system to a computerized pneumonia guideline in the emergency department. (2000)

Using speech recognition to generate chest x-ray reports reduces turnover time so reports are available while patients are in the emergency department.
RETINAL NEURONS IN PRIMARY CELL CULTURE Inhibition of Apoptosis by Pigment Epithelial Derived Factor (PEDF) (1999)

We have been interested in cellular regulatory mechanisms operating in mam­ malian retinal neurons, especially those determining sensitivity to factors which either promote or inhibit cell death. The production of reactive oxygen species through oxida­ tive stress is believed to be an important mediator of neuronal cell death although the precise mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. Pigment epithelia derived factor (PEDF) has been shown to promotes neurotrophic differentiation and the survival of neurons of the central nervous system. Using a cell culture system, we demonstrate that multiple populations of retinal neurons can differentiate and be maintained in a chemically defined environment and that cell death induced by reactive oxygen species can be quantitated. The data also show that this induced death is dose dependent and occurs by an apoptotic mechanism which can be inhibited by PEDF. The mecha
Plasma bupivacaine levels following single dose intraarticular instillation for arthroscopy (1988)

Arthroscopy of the knee was performed using 30 ml single dose intraarticular instillations of 0.5% or 0.25% solutions of bupivacaine (Marcaine). A total of 18 patients (mean age, 34 years), divided into two groups, participated in this study. Venous plasma levels were measured at 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 240 minute intervals following a single instillation into the knee joint. All patients had suspected traumatic internal derangement of the knee. Electrocardiogram tracings, blood pressure, and neurologic assessment were monitored at each venous sampling interval or more often if clinically indicated. The type and amount of supplemental anesthesia were also recorded. None of our 18 patients required a general anesthetic because of pain although the following procedures were performed: meniscectomy, plica release, abrasion chondroplasty, loose body retrieval, and limited meniscal repair. A new methodology for the measurement of plasma bupivacaine using the gas chromatograph mass spectrometer is described. Monitoring specific molecular mass fragments allows the measurement of picogram per milliliter levels of bupivacaine. The highest peak plasma concentration occurred 20 minutes after instillation of 30 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine. The 625 +/- 225 ng/ml level was well below the 2,500 to 4,000 ng/ml reported to elicit early subjective CNS symptoms of bupivacaine toxicity. Thus, a single dose intraarticular instillation of 30 ml 0.5% or 0.25% bupivacaine is convenient, efficacious, and pharmacologically safe for routine clinical arthroscopy.
Manometrische Aktivitätsbestimmung der Lipoxygenase in Weizenmehlen und ‐teigen mit der Warburg‐Methode (1972)

Abstract Die Aktivität der Lipoxygenase in Mehlen und Teigen wurde durch manometrische Messung (Warburg‐Methodik) der Sauerstoffaufnahme des Lipoxygenase‐Linolsäure‐Systems bestimmt. Das Verfahren ermöglicht auch die Untersuchung von Mehlsuspensionen. Hierdurch werden Einflüsse der Extraktbereitung auf die Enzymaktivität ausgeschaltet. Die auf diese Weise gefundenen Aktivitäten der Lipoxygenase liegen um ca. 20% höher als die in Extrakten spektrometrisch bestimmten Werte. Dieser Effekt ist offensichtlich auf eine unvollständige Extrahierbarkeit der Lipoxygenase zurückzuführen. Die manometrische Methode ist infolge des geringen Zeitaufwandes, ihrer größeren Genauigkeit und ihrer Anwendbarkeit auch auf pulverförmige Proben für Serienbestimmungen besser geeignet als die spektrophotometrische Aktivitätsbestimmung.