gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human-centered authentication guidelines (2017)

Purpose Despite the widespread use of authentication schemes and the rapid emergence of novel authentication schemes, a general set of domain-specific guidelines has not yet been developed. This paper aims to present and explain a list of human-centered guidelines for developing usable authentication schemes. Design/methodology/approach The guidelines stem from research findings within the fields of psychology, human–computer interaction and information/computer science. Findings Instead of viewing users as the inevitable weak point in the authentication process, this study proposes that authentication interfaces be designed to take advantage of users’ natural abilities. This approach requires that one understands how interactions with authentication interfaces can be improved and what human capabilities can be exploited. A list of six guidelines that designers ought to consider when developing a new usable authentication scheme has been presented. Research limitations/implications This consolidated list of usable authentication guidelines provides system developers with immediate access to common design issues impacting usability. These guidelines ought to assist designers in producing more secure products in fewer costly development cycles. Originality/value Cybersecurity research and development has mainly focused on technical solutions to increase security. However, the greatest weakness of many systems is the user. It is argued that authentication schemes with poor usability are inherently insecure, as users will inadvertently weaken the security in their efforts to use the system. The study proposes that designers need to consider the human factors that impact end-user behavior. Development from this perspective will address the greatest weakness in most security systems by increasing end-user compliance.
Expression of the murine retinol dehydrogenase 10 (<i>Rdh10</i>) gene correlates with many sites of retinoid signalling during embryogenesis and organ differentiation (2007)

Retinoic acid acts as a signalling molecule regulating many developmental events in vertebrates. As this molecule directly influences gene expression by activating nuclear receptors, its patterns of synthesis have to be tightly regulated, and it is well established that at least three retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (RALDHs) are involved in such tissue-specific synthesis. Whereas embryos from oviparous species can obtain retinaldehyde by metabolizing carotenoids stored in the yolk, placental embryos rely on retinol transferred from the maternal circulation. Here, we show that the gene encoding one of the murine retinol dehydrogenases, Rdh10, is expressed according to complex profiles both during early embryogenesis and organ differentiation. Many of its expression sites correlate with regions of active retinoid signalling and Raldh gene expression, especially with Raldh2 in the early presomitic and somitic mesoderm, retrocardiac and posterior branchial arch region, or later in the pleural mesothelium and kidney cortical region. Rdh10 also shows cell-type and/or regional specificity during development of the palate, teeth, and olfactory system. During limb bud development, it may participate in retinoic acid production in proximal/posterior cells, and eventually in interdigital mesenchyme. These data implicate the retinol to retinaldehyde conversion as the first step in the tissue-specific regulation of retinoic acid synthesis, at least in mammalian embryos.
A constrained vector quantization scheme for real-time codebook retransmission (1994)

One of the major obstacles to the use of vector quantization techniques in practice is the huge design complexity. Huang and Huang (1991, 1992, 1993) and Huang (1991) developed a tree-structured polytopal vector quantization scheme referred to as the principal component vector quantization algorithm (PCVQA). It has been shown that the design complexity of PCVQA is only linearly proportional to the codebook size. The present paper examines various techniques to further reduce the implementational complexity for PCVQA so that the algorithm is suitable for real-time codebook retransmission. In addition, an extension of PCVQA is developed to exploit both inter-block and intra-block redundancy and to deal with high definition images.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pure oleic acid from olive oil (1960)

Summary Oleic acid of 99–100% purity has been prepared in 36–43% yield from olive oil. The combination of two urea‐adduct separations (at room temperature) and three acid soap crystallizations (at 3°C.) gives an oleic acid of high quality without recourse to fractional distillation or low‐temperature solvent crystallization.
Exercise training in chronic heart failure (2013)

The syndrome of heart failure (HF) is a growing epidemic that causes a significant socio-economic burden. Despite considerable progress in the management of patients with HF, mortality and morbidity remain a major healthcare concern and frequent hospital admissions jeopardize daily life and social activities. Exercise training is an important adjunct nonpharmacological treatment modality for patients with HF that has proven positive effects on mortality, morbidity, exercise capacity and quality of life. Different training modalities are available to target the problems with which HF patients are faced. It is essential to tailor the prescribed exercise regimen, so that both efficiency and safety are guaranteed. Electrical implanted devices and mechanical support should not exclude patients from exercise training; however, particular precautions and a specialized approach are advised. At least 50% of patients with HF, older than 65 years of age, present with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF). Although the study populations included in studies evaluating the effect of exercise training in this population are small, the results are promising and seem to support the idea that exercise training is beneficial for HFPEF patients. Both the short- and especially long-term adherence to exercise training remain a major challenge that can only be tackled by a multidisciplinary approach. Efforts should be directed towards closing the gap between recommendations and the actual implementation of training programmes.
An improved stopping criterion for BICM-ID embedded turbo codes (2010)

This paper proposes an improved stopping criterion based on cross-entropy (CE) for BICM-ID embedded turbo codes. It can yield good BER performance with lower complexity. The iterative decoding scheme for turbo iterative receiver, which iterative number is fixed, can achieve good BER performance. The stopping criterion based on CE has been adopted to decrease the total iterative number. However, the calculations of CE in the traditional stopping criterion expend hardware resource too much. In order to reduce the complexity, this improved stopping criterion has been proposed: a minimum iterative number (Imin), which is determined by the SNR criterion, should be set first, after the iterative receiver activates for Imin times, the stopping criterion based on CE will be used for the rest numbers of iterations. Simulation results confirm that the iterative receiver with this novel stopping criterion scheme has achieved the similar performance with the fixed iterative number scheme but it is of a considerably reduced complexity due to the decreased iterative number of decoding and the fewer calculations of CE.
Cytokine Regulation of Hepatic Stellate Cells in Liver Fibrosis (1999)

Cytokines constitute a major class of mediators responsible for "activation" of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in vitro and in vivo. They are largely divided into mitogenic (transforming growth factor-alpha, platelet-derived growth factor, interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and insulin-like growth factor) and fibrogenic (transforming growth factor-beta and interleukin-6) cytokines. In addition to their mitogenic (stimulation of cell proliferation) and fibrogenic (induction of matrix proteins) properties, they are also shown to confer in vitro unique cellular changes known to be the key features of HSC "activation," including loss of vitamin A, stimulation of migration, enhanced cellular contractility, and matrix metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase induction. Potential cellular sources of the cytokines consist of hepatic macrophages, endothelial cells, biliary epithelial cells, lymphocytes, platelets, hepatocytes, and activated HSCs. To better understand the mode of actions and the pathogenetic significance of cytokines/chemokines involved in "activation" of HSCs, the following four questions need to be addressed: (1) What other cytokines are expressed by HSCs to establish critical autocrine stimulation? (2) What are endogenous or exogenous priming factors for HSC stimulation? (3) What is the mechanism of activation for transforming growth factor-beta, the pivotal fibrogenic cytokine? (4) How important are HSC-derived proinflammatory mediators in liver fibrosis? This review will discuss these questions, along with the current understanding of the role of cytokines in HSC activation.
Sterilized Hepatitis B (Surface) Antigen for Production of Specific Antisera (1976)

The combined treatment with beta-propiolactone and ultraviolet rays described for the sterilization of HBsAg-positive sera does not interfere with the purification procedures for the production of HBs antigen. The immunogenicity of the HBs antigen is retained.
Detecting negativity in user comments using emotional maps and convolutional neural networks (2019)

In this paper we present a new approach to negativity detection in online user comments - an emotional image model. This model mimics image processing paradigm, where a comment is represented as a sentiment map retracing the sequence and proportions of various emotions in the text extract. We use 1D convolutional neural networks (CNN) to process 1D multichannel emotional maps which represent the emotional/sentiment image of a comment. The results show that our approach is capable of modeling and processing complex emotional patterns and detecting specific sentiments within the text image (negativity in our case) in a way similar to a classical CNN in object detection/image classification tasks.
Vehicle State Estimation Based on Unscented Kalman State Estimation (2008)

This paper presents a method of estimating vehicle states using an Unscented Kalman filter (UKF). The UKF developed estimates Vehicle motion, such as yaw rate and side slip angle, from the noisy measurement set. The vehicle state estimation using a non-linear vehicle model with Unitire tire model will be compared to the measured state which is subjected to the same tests, in order to validate the estimated state. In this paper we also discuss the estimation algorithm of UKF. The accuracy of the estimator will be tested. The ultimate aim of this work is to provide a new way of vehicle state estimation to a controller such as ESP or VDC. The result is shown that this application of the UKF is effective in estimation of vehicle state under ISO slalom and ISO double lane change conditions.
A Study On Fuzzy Adaptive Control Of Enteral Feeding Pump (2012)

Recent medical studies have investigated the importance of enteral feeding and the use of feeding pumps for recovering patients unable to feed themselves or gain nourishment and nutrients by natural means. The most of enteral feeding system uses a peristaltic tube pump. A peristaltic pump is a form of positive displacement pump in which a flexible tube is progressively squeezed externally to allow the resulting enclosed pillow of fluid to progress along it. The squeezing of the tube requires a precise and robust controller of the geared motor to overcome parametric uncertainty of the pumping system which generates due to a wide variation of friction and slip between tube and roller. So, this paper proposes fuzzy adaptive controller for the robust control of the peristaltic tube pump. This new adaptive controller uses a fuzzy multi-layered architecture which has several independent fuzzy controllers in parallel, each with different robust stability area. Out of several independent fuzzy controllers, the most suited one is selected by a system identifier which observes variations in the controlled system parameter. This paper proposes a design procedure which can be carried out mathematically and systematically from the model of a controlled system. Finally, the good control performance, accurate dose rate and robust system stability, of the developed feeding pump is confirmed through experimental and clinic testing.
[Assessment of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients]. (2006)

Patient with small, or ER negative or grade 3 tumor may have better pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, particularly, the tumor size is more predictive of pCR. Palpation or ultrasonography may have a tendency either to under- or to overestimate pCR. Breast neoplasms/drug therapy;
Nanoparticle‐based assay set to revolutionise clinical diagnostics (2005)

Purpose To describe a new high sensitivity, nanotechnology‐based technique for detecting DNA and disease‐related proteins. Design/methodology/approach Gold nanoparticles and magnetic microparticles are bound to single‐stranded DNA molecules that are complementary to segments of the target DNA. The nanoparticles also link to hundreds of strands of “barcode” DNA and in the presence of the target, each molecule binds to a gold nanoparticle and a magnetic microparticle. Applying a magnetic field enables the separation of the target molecules and their attachments. The DNA is removed from the molecules and detected by a chip‐based DNA procedure. As each nanoparticle links to a large number of strands of DNA, the method amplifies the signal from each target molecule. The technique can also detect proteins by replacing the complimentary DNA with antibodies. Findings This research shows that this technique can detect very low concentrations of DNA and proteins. Ten copies of anthrax DNA were detected in 30 μ l of solution, a sensitivity comparable to polymerase chain reaction, and 18‐20 PSA molecules were detected in a 10 μ l sample, a level of detection that is six orders of magnitude more sensitive than conventional assays. Recent research has also shown that the assay can detect ADDLs, which are biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. The technologies are now being commercialised by Nanosphere, Inc. Originality/value These developments offer prospects in a wide range of clinical applications such as the rapid and simple diagnosis of a variety of diseases and single nucleotide polymorphisms tests for the detection of hypercoagulation disorders. Other potential applications include homeland security and environmental monitoring.
Synthesis and Optical Properties of Acidochromic Amine-Substituted Benzo[<i>a</i>]phenazines (2011)

A new series of alkylamine- or arylamine-substituted benzo[a]phenazines have been synthesized from 1,2-naphthoquinones by employing simple sequential Michael-type addition with a variety of primary and secondary amines and the condensation reaction of the resulting amine-substituted 1,2-naphthoquinones with o-phenylenediamine. They exhibited absorption peaks originating from the charge transfer transition between the amine and pyrazine segments and benzo[a]phenazine localized π-π* transitions. Although the absorption spectra of the dyes were not significantly influenced by the nature of the solvents, addition of TFA led to a prominent red-shift in the absorption spectra owing to the protonation at the quinoxaline segment which enhanced the electron-accepting ability. The qualitative trends observed in the optical properties and acidochromism were supported by density functional theoretical computations. The dyes displayed positive solvatochromism in the emission spectra suggestive of a more polar excited state. The dyes were also characterized by a quasi-reversible reduction couple originating from the pyrazine segment which underwent shifts corresponding to electron-donating strength of the amine segment.
A Thermistor Anemometer for the Measurement of Very Low Air Velocities (1971)

A new thermistor anemometer is described for measuring low air velocities of 0–100 cm/sec. A theoretical performance curve (anemometer output vs air velocity) was calculated for the instrument. When compared with the experimental performance data, good correlation existed. Several characteristics of the anemometer were investigated experimentally. The instrument displayed excellent sensitivity and good stability (reproducibility of the calibration curve at a given ambient temperature). The output was not affected by the air flow direction. The anemometer output was affected by changes in ambient temperature, and the use of calibration curves for various ambient temperatures is suggested.
The Evolution of Distributive Benefits: The Rise of Letter-Marking in the United States Congress (2016)

THE RECENT MORATORIUM ON EARMARKS HAS GIVEN RISE TO A NEW AND LARGELY HIDDEN PRACTICE FOR SECURING DISTRIBUTIVE BENEFITS: LETTER-MARKING. LETTER-MARKING OCCURS WHEN MEMBERS OF CONGRESS ASK (IN WRITING) THE HEAD OF AN AGENCY TO RETAIN OR ALLOCATE DISTRIBUTIVE BENEFITS IN THEIR DISTRICTS. WHILE LETTER-MARKING IS COMMON IN WASHINGTON, THE SCHOLARLY LITERATURE HAS IGNORED THIS PRACTICE. WE USE A UNIQUE DATASET OF 101 CONGRESSIONAL LETTERS RELATING TO FAA FUNDING AND EMPIRICALLY ASSESS THE DEGREE TO WHICH THE LETTER-WRITER’S CHARACTERISTICS AND THE LETTER’S CONTENT IMPACT THE LIKELIHOOD OF ACHIEVING THE OBJECTIVES. IN DOING SO, WE OFFER A NUANCED UNDERSTANDING OF LETTER-MARKING.
<title>Scanning probe metrology</title> (1992)

The design of a scanning probe microscope suitable for metrology applications must include solutions to several problems. Actuator errors can be large because of their nonlinear behavior, but this can be solved by independently monitoring the actuator's motion. The probe must be shaped properly for a given measurement, and it must be characterized to allow interpretation of the measurement. We have studied the effects of interaction forces and probe shape with emphasis on surface roughness measurements.
Eye Tracking Application on Emotion Analysis for Marketing Strategy (2016)

This paper present on understanding the human behavior with eye tracking studies related to consumer cognition in marketing product. The study of human behavior using eye tracking is a growing multidisciplinary field that links electronics, psychology and cognitive science to study the human behavior on problem solving and decision making. In this paper, we particularly investigate the human behavior in consumer cognition. We conducted experiments to track the human eyes by using the Tobii TX300 eye tracker. The eye–mind relationship can help to use eye motions activity measurements expressing to some degree about human behavior. The result shows that the visual attention of human is very much related to the cognition of the products.
Macrophage Inhibitory Cytokine-1: Possible Bridge Molecule of Inflammation and Prostate Cancer (2008)

There is emerging evidence that inflammation may lead to prostate cancer development. Although inflammation is an essential response to injury or infection, chronic inflammation is harmful and causes tissue damage. Increasing evidence suggests that inflammation leads to the development of epithelial cancers; however, studies on inflammation-targeted genes that might contribute to the development of cancer are at the beginning stage. Here, we describe macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1, which provides a potential link between inflammation and prostate cancer. Understanding the regulation of macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 in response to inflammation may have potential for novel therapeutic strategies.
Diltiazem Overdose Haemodynamic Response to Hyperinsulinaemia-Euglycaemia Therapy: A Case Report (2004)

A 59-year-old woman was admitted to the intensive care unit after ingesting 5.76 g of an extended release preparation of diltiazem. The patient was hypotensive and bradycardic and was treated initially with intravenous fluids, adrenaline, noradrenaline, vasopressin and standard insulin doses to maintain the blood glucose levels between 6-10 mmol/L. As the patient remained inotrope dependent the insulin dose was increased to 25 U/hr with an infusion of 50% dextrose to maintain the blood glucose levels between 6-8 mmol/L. Within 30 minutes, the mean arterial pressure increased from 65 mmHg to 80 mmHg and within 60 minutes all vasoactive agents were discontinued. A right heart catheter inserted before the increased dose of insulin revealed that the predominant haemodynamic effect of the hyperinsulinaemia-euglycaemia therapy appeared to be an increase in the peripheral vascular resistance.
Costs of Illness in the 1993 Waterborne<i>Cryptosporidium</i>Outbreak, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (2003)

To assess the total medical costs and productivity losses associated with the 1993 waterborne outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, including the average cost per person with mild, moderate, and severe illness, we conducted a retrospective cost-of-illness analysis using data from 11 hospitals in the greater Milwaukee area and epidemiologic data collected during the outbreak. The total cost of outbreak-associated illness was 96.2 million US dollars: 31.7 million US dollars in medical costs and 64.6 million US dollars in productivity losses. The average total costs for persons with mild, moderate, and severe illness were 116 US dollars, 47 US dollars, and 7,808 US dollars, respectively. The potentially high cost of waterborne disease outbreaks should be considered in economic decisions regarding the safety of public drinking water supplies.
SULZER RTA DUAL-FUEL ENGINES (1986)

It is convenient to use boil-off gas for propulsion in LNG carriers, and it would be economically desirable to employ diesel propulsion machinery rather than steam turbines. Proposals are in hand to adapt Sulzer RTA76, RTA84 and RTA84M engines for operation as dual-fuel engines to propel LNG carriers in the 125,000 cu m class. A high-pressure gas injection system, which is described, enables the dual-fuel engines to run at the same power ratings as the equivalent RTA diesel engines, with the same thermal efficiency. The engines operate on a mixture of oil and boil-off gas, which can be varied to suit the available gas flow, and can revert to straight diesel operation at any time if reliquefying the boil-off gas should prove more economical. The reliquefaction plant is available for use in port or to handle any boil-off gas in excess of the engine
Genome‐wide association studies of multiple sclerosis (2018)

Large-scale genetic studies of multiple sclerosis have identified over 230 risk effects across the human genome, making it a prototypical common disease with complex genetic architecture. Here, after a brief historical background on the discovery and definition of the disease, we summarise the last fifteen years of genetic discoveries and map out the challenges that remain to translate these findings into an aetiological framework and actionable clinical understanding.