gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Meiotic and mitotic nondisjunction: lessons from preimplantation genetic diagnosis (2004)

Direct testing of the outcome of the first and second meiotic divisions has become possible with the introduction of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for aneuploidies. Testing of oocytes by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of the first and second polar bodies showed that more than half of oocytes from the IVF patients aged 35 years and older had chromosomal abnormalities, which originated from errors in meiosis I or meiosis II, or both: 41.9% of oocytes were aneuploid after meiosis I and 37.3% aneuploid after meiosis II, with 29.1% of these oocytes having both meiosis I and meiosis II errors. As a result, one third of oocytes detected as normal after meiosis I contained the meiosis II errors, and two thirds of those with meiosis II errors were already abnormal following meiosis I. Although the rates of chromosomal abnormalities deriving from meiosis I and II were comparable, meiosis I errors predominantly resulted in extra chromosome (chromatid) material in oocytes, in contrast to a random distribution of extra and missing chromatids after meiosis II. The majority of meiosis I abnormalities were represented by chromatid errors, which seem to be the major source of chromosomal abnormalities in the resulting embryos. Approximately one third of aneuploid oocytes deriving from sequential errors in the first and second meiotic divisions resulted in a balanced karyotype, representing a possible phenomenon of "aneuploidy rescue" during the second meiotic division. However, the majority of the embryos resulting from such oocytes appeared to be abnormal for the same or different chromosome(s), or were mosaic, suggesting a possible predisposition of the resulting embryos to further mitotic errors. Although the origin of a high frequency of mosaicism at the cleavage stage is not sufficiently understood, the mosaic embryos may originate from the chromosomally abnormal oocytes, as a result of a "trisomy rescue" mechanism during the first mitotic divisions, which renders polar body FISH analysis to have important clinical value for reliable pre-selection of aneuploidy-free embryos for transfer.
[Various biochemical indicators of the cerebrospinal fluid in acute carbophos poisoning]. (1991)

The study was performed to evaluate the levels of some enzymes (AST, ALT, HGTP, LDG) and free amino acids (aspartic, glutaminic, glycine, isoleucine, leucine) in liquor of 37 subjects who got poisoned with a Malathion insecticide. Their condition was diagnosed as moderate and severe. The liquor was obtained on poisoning day 1, 3, 10, 14 and 21. The liquor levels of enhancement mediatory amino acids, aspartic and glutaminic, rise early in poisoning, while concentration of inhibition mediator glycine tends to decline. Progress of intoxication brings about a rise in LDG and GGTP activity attributed to a membranotoxic effect of the insecticide.
New method for determining size of critical nucleus of fibril formation of polypeptide chains (2012)

A new method for determining the size of critical nucleus of fibril formation of polypeptide chains is proposed. Based on the hypothesis that the fibril grows by addition of a nascent peptide to the preformed template, the nucleus size N(c) is defined as the number of forming template peptides above which the time to add a new monomer becomes independent of the template size. Using lattice models one can show that our method and the standard method which is based on calculation of the free energy, provide the same result for N(c).
Rutin increases critical wavelength of systems containing a single <scp>UV</scp> filter and with good skin compatibility (2015)

In conclusion, the absorption in the UVA range, coupled with ROS scavenging potential, proved the positive effect of rutin applied to anti-UVB formulations, making this bioactive compound a promising candidate for photoprotection improvement.
Adenosine metabolism in neurons and astrocytes in primary cultures (1989)

Metabolic fate of [8-14C]adenosine was studied in primary cultures of either astrocytes or neurons from the mouse brain. In astrocytes the main metabolic route was the formation of nucleotides. Thus, synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) amounted to about 0.2 nmol X min-1 X mg-1 protein. The deamination occurred less rapidly. The total rate of formation of inosine was difficult to establish because a considerable amount of labeled inosine accumulated in the medium. The initial incorporation of radioactivity into inosine in the medium was extremely rapid, probably because of the action of an ectoenzyme. However, the labeling of inosine in the medium also continued to increase slowly throughout the incubation, maybe as a result of release of intracellularly formed inosine. The total inosine formation rate during the incubation amounted to at most 0.1 nmol X min-1 X mg-1. Hypoxanthine was formed at a corresponding rate but was released to a lesser extent. In neurons much less label was incorporated into ATP. The major metabolite was inosine, formed intracellularly at a rate of 0.2 nmol X min-1 X mg-1. In addition, there was an immediate rapid labeling of inosine (and to a lesser extent hypoxanthine) in the medium, again suggesting the action of an ectoenzyme. Neither neurons nor astrocytes released a measurable amount of nucleotides to the medium. The cellular differences in adenosine metabolism are probably of relevance for the interpretation of adenosine metabolism in brain in situ. The ectoenzyme may be of importance for rapid termination of the neuromodulator activity of adenosine, and the rapid nucleotide formation in astrocytes is in agreement with a high metabolic activity of these cells.
Banques et télécommunications : deux secteurs dont les ramifications s'enchevêtrent (1990)

Clot Ghislaine. Banques et télécommunications : deux secteurs dont les ramifications s'enchevêtrent. In: Quaderni, n°12, Hiver 1990-1991. Finance et technologie de la communication. pp. 49-70.
Properties of the pacemaker current (If) in latent pacemaker cells isolated from cat right atrium. (1992)

1. Single latent pacemaker cells were isolated from the Eustachian ridge of cat right atrium using Langendorff perfusion and enzyme dispersion techniques. Whole-cell patch-clamp techniques were used to study the hyperpolarization-activated inward current (I(f)). 2. All cells studied beat rhythmically. Pacemaker activity was recorded in the voltage range -68 +/- 1 to -54 +/- 2 mV and its cycle length was 901 +/- 67 ms (72 +/- 5 beats min-1) at 34-36 degrees C. Cells were elongated with tapered ends, and appeared bent or crinkled without obvious striations. Mean cell diameter and length were 7.4 +/- 0.5 microns and 93.1 +/- 5.9 microns, respectively (n = 15). Input resistance and total membrane capacitance were 2.2 +/- 0.2 G omega and 27.8 +/- 3.1 pF, respectively. 3. Hyperpolarizing clamp steps more negative than -50 mV elicited a time-dependent increasing inward current that was maximally activated at -120 mV. Activation of I(f) was well within the pacemaker voltage range. Half-maximal activation voltage and slope factor were calculated, using a Boltzmann function, to be -80.5 mV and 8.4, respectively. 4. The fully activated current-voltage (I-V) relationship was approximately linear at voltages more negative than -30 mV and showed outward rectification at more positive voltages. The reversal potential of I(f) was -26 mV and the fully activated conductance was 1.75 +/- 0.14 nS (n = 21). Caesium (2 mM) blocked I(f) at voltages more negative than the reversal potential. Reducing extracellular Na+ or K+ shifted the reversal potential more negative, and increasing extracellular K+ exerted the opposite effect. Reducing extracellular Na+ decreased I(f) amplitude and the slope of the fully activated I-V relationship, and elevated extracellular K+ increased I(f) amplitude and the slope of the fully activated I-V relationship. 5. Some pacemaker cells exhibited a short delay in the onset of I(f) activation whereas other pacemaker cells exhibited little, if any, delay in activation. I(f) currents exhibiting no delay in activation were best fitted by a single exponential function with a mean time constant of 3.20 +/- 1.03 s at -70 mV (n = 4). 6. A nystatin-permeabilized patch recording method was used to record spontaneous pacemaker action potentials and I(f) from the same pacemaker cell. Caesium (2 mM) inhibited I(f) by more than 90% (at -70 mV), and decreased the slope of diastolic depolarization, resulting in a 48 +/- 5% decrease in spontaneous rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Structural Analysis of Monosaccharide Recognition by Rat Liver Mannose-binding Protein (1996)

The structural basis of carbohydrate recognition by rat liver mannose-binding protein (MBP-C) has been explored by determining the three-dimensional structure of the C-type carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of MBP-C using x-ray crystallography. The structure was solved by molecular replacement using rat serum mannose-binding protein (MBP-A) as a search model and was refined to maximum Bragg spacings of 1.7 A. Despite their almost identical folds, the dimeric structures formed by the two MBP CRDs differ dramatically. Complexes of MBP-C with methyl glycosides of mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, and fucose were prepared by soaking MBP-C crystals in solutions containing these sugars. Surprisingly, the pyranose ring of mannose is rotated 180 degrees relative to the orientation observed previously in MBP-A, but the local interactions between sugar and protein are preserved. For each of the bound sugars, vicinal, equatorial hydroxyl groups equivalent to the 3- and 4-OH groups of mannose directly coordinate Ca2+ and form hydrogen bonds with residues also serving as Ca2+ ligands. Few interactions are observed between other parts of the sugar and the protein. A complex formed between free galactose and MBP-C reveals a similar mode of binding, with the anomeric hydroxyl group serving as one of the Ca2+ ligands. A second binding site for mannose has also been observed in one of two copies in the asymmetric unit at a sugar concentration of 1.3 M. These structures explain how MBPs recognize a wide range of monosaccharides and suggest how fine specificity differences between MBP-A and MBP-C may be achieved.
Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger: Visual QuickStart Guide (Visual QuickStart Guides) (2005)

So you're finally ready to find out what all the fuss is about. Whether you're switching from Windows or upgrading from an older Mac OS, this task-based guide represents the surest way to go from 0 to 60 in no time flat with Apple's much anticipated Mac OS X Tiger--more mature, powerfully enhanced, and with more than 200 new features that will knock your socks off. In this thoroughly revised bestseller, Maria Langer walks readers through the process of installing and configuring Tiger, then introduces the Mac OS desktop, including the Dock and the Sidebar, before moving on to more advanced Finder techniques, application basics, printing and faxing, connecting to the Internet, account management, configuring your Mac for multiple users, and more. Weighing in at over 700 pages, this new edition also offers plenty of coverage on what's new in Mac OS X Tiger, including Spotlight, the search tool that helps you find anything on your Mac instantly; multi-way video in iChat AV; the enhanced Mail application; Automator, which lets you automate repetitive manual tasks; Tiger's ultra-useful mini-applications (known as Dashboard Widgets); and more. Rounded out with plenty of tips, tricks, and sage advice, this book is equally useful for Macintosh novices as well as early adopters looking for a comprehensive reference on what's new in this much-talked-about Mac OS upgrade.
Easy Quantification of Improved Spare Parts Inventory Policies (2002)

This paper presents approximate analytical models to quantify the expected improvement in inventory investment when using a system approach to control inventory as opposed to a simpler item approach. A system approach ensures that a demand-weighted average fill rate is achieved at low inventory investment by assigning low fill rates to parts with high costs and high fill rates to parts with low costs. An item approach does not vary fill rates by parts but assigns identical fill rates to all parts. Using single-parameter functional representations of the skewness of unit costs and average demand across all parts in the system, simple approximate analytical expressions for the required inventory investment are derived for both approaches. The accuracy of the approximations is validated using data from a distribution center for computer spare parts. For these data, the solutions obtained by the approximations are very close to the exact values. The results show that inventory investments can be well approximated as a function of only a few cost and demand parameters. These expressions can be used to determine the percentage reduction in inventory investment for a particular target demand-weighted average fill rate when the superior system approach is used instead of the item approach. For increased ease of use, the percentage reduction in inventory when using a system as opposed to an item approach is computed over a range of realistic values for the key parameters of the model and a quadratic expression is fitted to the data. This fitted expression provides rough guidelines for the anticipated improvement with very limited data needed, prior to detailed modeling or implementation.
Opto-Electronic Sensor Network Powered Over Fiber for Harsh Industrial Applications (2017)

Smart electronic devices powered and communicating optically over fiber provide several advantages for harsh industrial applications compared to systems using electrical connections. In spite of advantages such as electromagnetic immunity and high galvanic isolation, power-over-fiber technologies are still only used for special high-end applications due to their high costs compared to conventional power distribution. The main reason for this is the use of high-power laser diodes and photovoltaic cells for most power-over-fiber systems. Therefore, a new cost-effective power-over-fiber approach has been developed using only single standard light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and photodiodes for optical power supply significantly reducing the system's costs and making it suitable for mass-market applications such as the Internet of Things. In addition, the low optical power density inside the fibers makes the network intrinsically safe even in highly explosive environment. The use of incoherent and visible LED light also eliminates the risk of thermal damage to the human retina to occupational safety standards if a fiber is broken or during hot-plugging. A demonstration system has been built which consists of a base station optically powering up to four electronic sensor nodes. Between the base station and each sensor node, data can be exchanged via a bidirectional 2 MBaud optical link. This paper briefly explains the history and state of the art of power-over-fiber systems. The technical challenges of development as well as the steps made to build optically powered low-cost and low-power electronic sensor nodes which overcome the limitations and drawbacks of existing high power solutions are described. Optical, electrical, and computational aspects of the new system are elaborated on. In addition, energy measurements and power budget calculations are described to analyze and optimize the sensor nodes' energy consumption during operation. Finally, the advantages of this new approach are exemplified for smart manufacturing applications.
The Relationship Between Coccidiostats and Poultry Flock Immunity in Coccidiosis Control Programs (1960)

MOST coccidiosis control programs in recent years have placed the major emphasis upon the selection and use of coccidiostats in feed as a preventive. Increased reports of coccidiosis “breaks” which have occurred in laying flocks after preventive medication has been discontinued suggest the desirability of re-examination of the relationship between coccidiostats and the establishment of firm flock immunity. The question, “Does the use of a coccidiostat interfere with the development of immunity?” has been answered in popular releases with a “No” (Merck, 1958) and with a “Yes” (Reid, 1959a). Clarification of this answer is of importance in flock management programs. Extensive studies on the relationship between coccidiostats and immunity have been carried on since the discovery of the first coccidiostatic drugs. More recognition was given to this topic in early work than in more recent years. Waletsky and Hughes (1949) reviewed the literature on sulfur and various sulfa drugs as …
Differences in psychosocial functioning and sleep quality between idiopathic continuous orofacial neuropathic pain patients and chronic masticatory muscle pain patients. (2011)

Although ICONP patients are likely to present more intense pain and report that their pain causes more interference in their lives, MMP patients are more likely to present with higher levels of overall psychological symptoms. The greater levels of pain severity reported by ICONP patients appear to be partially responsible for their higher levels of reported life interference.
Design issues for practical rigid disk magnetoresistive heads (1990)

Some of the issues of magnetoresistive (MR) head design are discussed from the point of view of practical, high-reliability, low-cost, manufacturable heads for rigid disk files. The major advantages of MR heads over single element inductive thin-film heads are that the MR head gives an ideal, easy to equalize output waveshape, can be used on disks with high coercivities for high linear densities, and is less subject to stability problems at narrow trackwidths. The major advantages of MR heads over metal-in-gap ferrite heads are in narrow trackwidth and high-frequency potential. Disadvantages of MR heads in the rigid disk environment include concerns about reliability and, more specifically, possible environmental fragility, loss of performance due to imperfect alignment between the read and write elements and/or due to signal asymmetry, and the possibility of higher cost/price.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Convergence of sensor networks/internet of things and Power Grid Information Network at aggregation layer (2010)

The Sensor Networks and “Internet of Things” (IOT for short) have been regarded as the trend of information technology. At the same time, Intelligent Power Grid is also becoming the key part of national energy program. As the collection of power engineering and ICT, the key technologies of IOT and ICT applied in Power Grid System are being highly concerned with manufacturers and government. In this paper, the natural bottleneck between mass sensor information and Electric Power Communication Transmission Network is proposed and put forward the concept of information aggregation layer under the background of heterogeneous network convergence. Power Grid Information Network and Sensor information processing and data fusion in Aggregation Layer will be taken on the embedded smart gateway and provide front-end processing and analysis of sensor information, which can be used to implement in varied Intelligent Power Grids scenario with a unified data-aware, access, transmission and data fusion. At the end, the article describes a number of Intelligent Power Grids application of innovation based on the aggregation layer embedded smart gateway device and looking forward to a vision of fully perception and integrated next-generation Power Grids.
Enhancement of mixed leukocyte reaction and cytotoxic antitumor responses by heparin. (1989)

The immunomodulating effects of heparin and natural and synthetic heparinoids (which are now undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of AIDS) on cellular immunity (DNA synthesis and cytotoxic responses of mouse lymphocytes to allogeneic cells and histocompatible tumors) were studied. The results showed that (1) high and low m.w. heparin enhanced mouse antitumor and antiallogeneic cell responses in vitro; (2) other sulfated heparinoids did not have this enhancing activity and some of them (including dextran sulfate) totally suppressed generation of cytotoxic cells; (3) these immunomodulating activities of heparin and heparinoids did not correlate with their anticoagulant effects, degree of sulfation, and mitogenic activity; (4) heparin did not increase the production of IL-2 and did not enhance the action of IL-2 on the cells in MLC, heparin also had no effect on the growth-promoting activity of IL-2 on cloned cytotoxic T cells; (5) heparin had a synergistic enhancing effect with IL-1 on the generation of cytotoxic cells in MLC; and (6) heparin abolished endothelial cell growth factor-induced suppression of cytotoxic response. The latter two effects by themselves, however, could not fully explain the entire immunoenhancing activity of heparin. These results indicate that heparin and heparinoids have multiple effects on the immune system and that some of them can enhance, whereas others can suppress cell-mediated responses.
A Fresh Look at Retiming via Clock Skew Optimization (1995)

The introduction of clock skew at an edge-triggered flip-flop has an effect that is similar to the movement of flip-flop across combinational logic module boundaries, and these are continuous and discrete optimizations with the same effect. While this fact has been recognized before, this work, for the first time, utilizes this information to find a minimum/specified period retiming efficiently. The clock period is guaranteed to be at most one gate delay larger than a tight lower bound on the optimal clock period; this bound is achievable using a combination of intentional skew and retiming. All ISCAS89 circuits can be retimed in a few minutes by this algorithm.
Customised Jigs in Primary Total Knee Replacement (2014)

Patient-specific surgery employing customising jigs for bone resections is becoming increasingly popular for total
knee replacement surgery. Theoretical advantages of this technology include, but are not limited to, more accurate
limb alignment and reduced surgical time, blood loss and in-patient hospital stay. In turn, these may result in more
cost savings when compared with standard techniques of performing knee replacement surgery. The literature
published so far has primarily examined alignment data but has failed to consistently confirm the previously
proposed benefits. It appears that longer-term data, focusing on patient function and implant survival, will be
required before the clinical and cost utility of these guides can be determined. This article briefly outlines the
manufacturing process and surgical technique of patient-specific jigs and presents the clinical evidence pertaining to
key elements of this new technology.