gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical inducers of carotenogenesis (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical inducers of carotenogenesisWan J. Hsu, Stephen M. Poling, Charles. DeBenedict, Charles. Rudash, and Henry. YokoyamaCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1975, 23, 5, 831–834Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60201a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60201a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views57Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Metal Film Growth on Si Crystals with Medium Energy Ion Scattering. (1993)

中エネルギーイオン散乱法(MEIS)は非破壊かつ深さ方向に高分解能で構造解析や濃度測定が可能であるため表面や界面の研究にとって非常に有力な測定法として認められている。最近では,1原子層オーダーの深さ方向分解能での測定も可能になってきた。ここでは,シリコン上に金属薄膜を成長させたいくつかの実験例を示し,MEISを用いた研究の一端とその動向につき解説を行う。
Electrohydrodynamically Induced Spatially Periodic Cellular Stokes-Flow (1967)

An experiment is described in which a spatially periodic, time-invariant electric field is used to create a spatially periodic cellular flow by the action of an electric shear stress in the region of a fluid-fluid interface. The cellular motion is closely related to large-amplitude interfacial deformations observed when an electric field stresses the interface between two fluids having nearly the same electrical conductivity. A simple theoretical model is developed for the cell streamlines, flow velocity, and distribution of electric potential, and this model is shown to be in agreement with the experimental observations.
Coverage games in small cells networks (2010)

This paper considers the problem of cooperative power control in distributed small cell wireless networks. We introduce a novel framework, based on repeated games, which models the interactions of the different transmit base stations in the downlink. By exploiting the specific structure of the game, we show that we can improve the system performance by selecting the Pareto optimal solution as well as reduce the price of stability.
Consequences of Many-Cell Correlations in Clocked Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (2015)

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) provides a basis for classical computation without transistors. Many simulations of QCA rely upon the so-called intercellular Hartree approximation (ICHA), which neglects the possibility of entanglement between cells. The ICHA was originally proposed as a solution to the problem of exponential scaling in the computational cost of fully quantum mechanical treatments. However, in some cases, the ICHA predicted errors in QCA operation, and quantum correlations were required for circuits to operate correctly. While quantum correlations can remedy certain problems that present themselves in ICHA calculations, here we present simulations that show that quantum correlations may in fact be problematic in other situations, such as clocked QCA. Small groups of QCA cells are modelled with a Hamiltonian analogous to a quantum mechanical Ising-like spin chain in a transverse field, including the effects of intercellular entanglement completely. When energy relaxation is included in the model, we find that intercellular entanglement changes the qualitative behavior of the system, and new features appear. In clocked QCA, isolated groups of active cells have a tendency to oscillate between polarization states as information propagates. Additionally, energy relaxation tends to bring groups of cells to an unpolarized steady state. This contrasts with the results of previous simulations, which employed the ICHA. The ICHA may in fact be a good approximation in the limit of very low tunneling rates, which can be realized in lithographically defined quantum dots. However, in molecular and atomic implementations of QCA, entanglement will play a greater role. The degree to which intercellular correlations pose a problem for memory, and clocking depends upon implementation-specific details of the interaction of the system with its environment, as well as the system's internal dynamics.
Development of Advanced High Power Gyrotrons for EC H&CD Applications in Fusion Plasmas (2004)

B. Piosczyk, A. Arnold, E. Borie, G. Dammertz, O. Dumbrajs, R. Heidinger, S. Illy, J. Jin, K. Koppenburg, G. Michel, T. Rzesnicki, M. Thumm, X. Yang Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Association EURATOM-FZK, IHM, Postfach 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, University Karlsruhe, Institute of High-Frequency Techniques and Electronics, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany Helsinki University of Technology, Association EURATOM-TEKES, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland. Max-Planck-Institute for Plasma Physics, Ass. EURATOM-IPP, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany
Prognostic Score Predicting Survival After Resection of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (2008)

The prognostic score can be used to predict outcomes, guide adjuvant treatment, and stratify patients for clinical trials.
UV Radiation Exposure Related to Age, Sex, Occupation, and Sun Behavior Based on Time-Stamped Personal Dosimeter Readings (2004)

High UVR doses are connected with risk behavior, except for outdoor workers. There is no need to change sun exposure habits on days without risk behavior.
Debugging Vega through Inspection of the Data Flow Graph (2015)

Vega is a declarative visualization grammar that decouples specification from execution to allow users to focus on the visual representation rather than low-level implementation decisions. However, this representation comes at the cost of effective debugging as its execution is obfuscated. By presenting the developer with Vega's data flow graph along with interactive capabilities, we can bridge the gap between specification and execution to enable direct inspection of the connections between each component. This inspection can augment the developer's mental model of the specification, enabling the developer to more easily identify areas of interest and implement changes to the resulting visualization.
[Evaluation of high-sensitivity HBsAg quantitative assay for HBV genotype]. (2009)

The clinical implication of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) concentrations has been reported in HBV-infected patients during anti-viral treatment. HBV genotypes A and D are ubiquitous and scattered worldwide, especially northern America as well as Europe, whereas genotypes B and C are common in Asia. The aim of this study was to evaluate a new version of the Sysmex HBsAg quantitative kit based on Chemiluminescence Enzyme Immunoassay. Sera collected from 172 patients infected with any of the four major genotypes A to D (HBV/A, n = 18; B, n = 25; C, n = 84; D, n = 45), including the genotype D cases with weak reaction in the previous version of the kit. The new version of the kit having additional monoclonal antibody, showed improved sensitivity compared to the previous version as well as robust correlation with another quantitative HBsAg assay: the Abbot Architect. Observed during lamivudine therapy, increase in HBsAg and HBV DNA concentrations preceded the aminotransferase (ALT) elevation associated with drug-resistant HBV variant emergence (breakthrough hepatitis). In conclusion, reliability of the Sysmex HBsAg quantitative assay was confirmed for the four HBV genotypes common worldwide. Monitoring of serum HBsAg concentrations in addition to HBV DNA quantification, is helpful in evaluation of the response or resistance to anti-viral therapy.
Ghrelin receptor modulators: a patent review (2011 – 2014) (2014)

Ghrelin appears to mediate a myriad of actions, and some of these appear to be due to unknown mechanisms (a second putative ghrelin receptor, putative receptors for unacylated ghrelin); several agonists, antagonists and inverse agonists at ghrelin receptor have been developed but their mechanism of action into CNS is poorly understood. The therapeutic potential of compounds acting on ghrelin receptor is still to be fully assessed, but the results obtained to date are encouraging for the successful clinical translation of compounds able to treat several pathologies.
Dispersion copolymerization of styrene and butyl acrylate in polar solvents (1996)

Monodisperse copolymer particles from 1.1 to 2.6 μm in diameter were obtained by unseeded batch dispersion copolymerization of styrene and butyl acrylate in an ethanol–water medium. A two-level factorial design using bottle polymerizations was initially carried out including the following variables: stabilizer concentration, initiator concentration, polarity of the dispersion medium, initial monomer concentration, and temperature. Once the region of experimental conditions in which monodisperse latexes can be prepared was identified, further effort was devoted to analyze the effect of other variables. It was found that the temperature at which nucleation occurs and the evolution of the temperature after the onset of nucleation were critical to obtain monodisperse particles. The particle size increased with increasing initial monomer concentration and ethanol–water weight ratio, and decreasing stabilizer concentration. A minimum quantity of emulsifier was necessary to avoid coalescence of particles and to obtain monodisperse particles. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Online Bayesian activity detection in DS/CDMA networks (2004)

An on-line Bayesian based multiple hypotheses Shiryayev sequential probability ratio test (SSPRT) for the detection/isolation of new active users in a multiuser code division multiple access (CDMA) environment is presented. This SSPRT algorithm makes use of a priori knowledge of the user activity parameter. Comparison by simulation between this SSPRT algorithm and the non-Bayesian Matrix cumulative sum (CUSUM) shows that when such information is available, the SSPRT algorithm that uses this information can achieve better performance than the non-Bayesian approach.
Metabolic sensor AMPK directly phosphorylates RAG1 protein and regulates V(D)J recombination (2013)

The ability to sense metabolic stress is critical for successful cellular adaptation. In eukaryotes, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a highly conserved serine/threonine kinase, functions as a critical metabolic sensor. AMPK is activated by the rising ADP/ATP and AMP/ATP ratios during conditions of energy depletion and also by increasing intracellular Ca(2+). In response to metabolic stress, AMPK maintains energy homeostasis by phosphorylating and regulating proteins that are involved in many physiological processes including glucose and fatty acid metabolism, transcription, cell growth, mitochondrial biogenesis, and autophagy. Evidence is mounting that AMPK also plays a role in a number of pathways unrelated to energy metabolism. Here, we identify the recombination-activating gene 1 protein (RAG1) as a substrate of AMPK. The RAG1/RAG2 complex is a lymphoid-specific endonuclease that catalyzes specific DNA cleavage during V(D)J recombination, which is required for the assembly of the Ig and T-cell receptor genes of the immune system. AMPK directly phosphorylates RAG1 at serine 528, and the phosphorylation enhances the catalytic activity of the RAG complex, resulting in increased cleavage of oligonucleotide substrates in vitro, or increased recombination of an extrachromosomal substrate in a cellular assay. Our results suggest that V(D)J recombination can be regulated by AMPK activation, providing a potential new link between metabolic stress and development of B and T lymphocytes.
Energy pathways and directionality in deformation twinning (2007)

We present ab initio density functional theory calculations of twinning energy pathways for two opposite twinning modes, (111)[112¯] and (111)[1¯1¯2], in fcc materials to examine the directional nature of twinning which cannot be explained by classical twin nucleation models or the “twinnability” criterion. By accounting for these energy pathways in a multiscale model, we quantitatively predict the critical twinning stress for the (111)[1¯1¯2] mode to be substantially higher compared to the favorable (111)[112¯] mode (whose predicted stresses are in agreement with experiment), thus, ruling out twinning in the (111)[1¯1¯2] mode.
Dissimilatory nitrite-reductase provides a competitive advantage to Pseudomonas sp. RTC01 to colonise the centre of soil aggregates (1996)

The effect of soil aggregation on denitrification has been studied in different ways: artificial or natural aggregates individually analysed or comparison of denitrifying activity of different size classes of aggregates. However, until now, no work has been conducted to evaluate the role of denitrification in the microbial colonisation of soil aggregates. Over a one-month period, we examined on remoulded nonsterile soil aggregates the survival of inoculated wild-type Pseudomonas strain and of its corresponding isogenic Tn5 mutant (Nir−) lacking the ability to synthesize the dissimilative nitrite-reductase. Simultaneously, the evolution of the O2 repartition inside the soil aggregates was assessed by the use of microelectrodes. The inner and outer portions were roughly anoxic and oxic, respectively, during the entire experiment while the intermediate portion showed fluctuating aeration conditions. The values of the Nir− to wild-type + Nir− ratio were found in the following order: inner < intermediate < outer portion, demonstrating that the nitrite-reductase may provide a competitive advantage to the Pseudomonas strain to colonise the centre of soil aggregates. However, a clear differentiation between inner and outer aggregates portions was not observed with the indigenous microflora (denitrifiers-to-total heterotrophs, biomass or physiological abilities).
Optimal planning for autonomous air vehicle battle management (2004)

We formulate a dynamic air vehicle assignment problem to sequentially determine the optimal allocation of air vehicle and ammunition resources to threat clusters in an air to ground campaign. A threat cluster includes a number of different types of threats, which are assumed to cooperate among themselves when they are engaged by a team of air vehicles. The objective is to efficiently allocate the assets to eliminate as many valuable threats as possible while minimizing the air vehicle attrition. This problem is formulated as an optimal control problem, whose exact solution can be obtained for small size problems by dynamic programming. For larger more realistic problems, we investigate hierarchical control and potential function methods to solve the optimal control problem in a computationally efficient manner.
Effects of Banding and IBA on Rooting and Budbreak in Cuttings of Apple Rootstock ‘MM.106’ and Franklinia (1991)

Abstract Banding with Velcro™ of new shoot growth in moderately difficult-to-root apple rootstock MM.106 ( Malus domestica Borkh.) for 7 days prior to taking cuttings, and treatment of cuttings with 500 to 2000 ppm indolebutyric acid (IBA) increased both percent rooting and root number. Banding, however, did not influence the rooting of easy-to-root Franklinia alatamaha Marsh. IBA at 0 to 1000 ppm induced a logarithmic increase in percent rooting of cuttings of MM.106 and root number of cuttings of Franklinia ; but, higher levels of IBA reduced both. Banding prevented the rooting inhibition found at high concentrations of IBA in cuttings of MM.106, while simultaneously stimulating lateral budbreak and greater root number. Stem banding improved the establishment of cuttings treated with 1000 ppm and 2000 ppm IBA. Without banding, establishment of these cuttings was markedly decreased.
A cardiolipin-activated protein kinase from rat liver structurally distinct from the protein kinases C. (1994)

A cardiolipin- and protease-activated protein kinase (PAK) has been isolated from cytoplasmic extracts of rat liver. The enzyme (PAK-1) phosphorylates the ribosomal protein S6-(229-239) peptide analogue and can be activated by limited proteolysis. Partial amino acid sequences of tryptic peptides derived from both the purified 116-kDa PAK-1 holoenzyme and its active catalytic fragment reveal that the catalytic domain is most related (50-58% identity) to the protein kinase C family. PAK-1 has protein and peptide substrate specificities distinct from those of known protein kinase C isoforms and is insensitive to inhibition by the protein kinase C-alpha-(19-31) pseudosubstrate peptide. Phosphatidylserine, diacylglycerol, and phorbol ester do not activate PAK-1 toward the S6 peptide substrate. However, other acidic phospholipids, the most effective being cardiolipin, activate PAK-1 to a similar extent as trypsin. The PAK-1 catalytic activities generated through activation by cardiolipin or limited proteolysis were kinetically similar, with Km values of 3.6 and 3.4 microM, respectively, for the S6-(229-239) peptide substrate. However, differences were observed in the catalytic activities with protamine sulfate and the glycogen synthase-(1-12) peptide analogue as substrates. It was concluded that PAK-1 is a phospholipid-regulated protein kinase with a primary structure, substrate specificity, and mechanism of regulation in vitro distinct from those of any known member of the protein kinase C superfamily.
Implementation and Evaluation of a Blended Learning Course on Tuberculosis for Front-Line Health Care Professionals (2017)

Blended learning was an effective pedagogic approach for this category of professionals because of the crucial need for hands-on training for practicing and translating knowledge into skills. This approach also had the advantages of keeping the costs of the entire course low and reaching a greater number of participants, all without significant disruption of work schedules.
S-cone ERGs and S-cone acuity in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) (1992)

Increment thresh old studies have reported selective S-cone damage within the macula in RP. To evaluate widespread S-cone damage, we obtained S-cone ERGs with a 50° field from 11 patients with RP who had detectable full field 30-Hz flicker ERGs. To evaluate peak macular S-cone density, we also measured S-cone acuity. S-cone amplitudes ranged from 0.6 to 1.4 log units below normal, while amplitudes for L- and M-cones ranged from 0.0 to 0.9 log unit below nor mal. Full intensity-response functions could only be measured in five patients; four had normal semisaturation constants, and all five functions were consistent with the primary loss being decreased number of photoreceptors rather than decreased photoreceptor sensitivity. S-cone acuity was normal for eight patients, including four with extinguished S-cone ERGs. These data suggest that peak macular S-cone density may be normal despite widespread loss of S-cones across the posterior pole. In patients with RP, S-cone loss seems to follow the pattern previously seen for L- and M-cones, with foveal sparing despite widespread degeneration.
Search for fractional-charge impurities in silicon using infrared photoionization and field ionization (1993)

A search for unconfined fractional charges in Si based on fractional-charge impurity energy-level predictions of Chaudhuri, Coon, and Derkits [Phys. Rev. Lett. 45, 1374 (1980)] is described. An upper limit (95% C.L.) of 2.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}20}$ fractional charges per atom is obtained using a combination of an infrared photoionization and a field-ionization technique. This optoelectronic approach has the advantage of giving an estimate for the concentration of fractional charges, being repeatable and without mechanical techniques. By comparison, drop type experiments detect the presence of fractional-charge modulo one unit of fractional charge.
Detailed chemical kinetics model for supercritical water oxidation of C<sub>1</sub> compounds and H<sub>2</sub> (1995)

Abstract A detailed chemical kinetics model comprising 148 reversible elementory reactions for the supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) of methane, methanol, carbon monoxide and hydrogen was developed. Rate constants were taken from previous critical evaluations. The Lindemann model, at times modified with a broadening parameter, was used to account for the effects of pressure on the kinetics of unimolecular reactions. Model predictions were compared with published experimental SCWO kinetics data for 450–650°C and 240–250 atm. The model correctly predicted global reaction orders for all four fuels to within their uncertainties. In addition, the model correctly predicted that the global reaction orders for O 2 during methanol and hydrogen oxidation were essentially zero, and that the O 2 concentration had the greatest effect on the methane oxidation rate. The pseudo‐first‐order rate constants predicted by the model were consistently higher than the experimental values, but the global activation energies were predicted correctly for methane oxidation and for CO and H 2 oxidation at high temperatures. The model's predictions generally became worse as the temperature decreased toward the critical point of water. A sensitivity analysis revealed that fewer than 20 elementaty reactions largely controlled the oxidation kinetics for the compounds studied. Nearly half of these reactions involved HO 2 , which is an important free radical for SCWO. Quantitative agreement with the experimental methane conversions was obtained by adjusting the preexponential factors for three elementary reactions within their uncertainties. It could also be obtained by using the JANAF value (0.5 kcal/mol) for the standard heat of formation of HO 2 , but this value is lower than other recently recommended values.
Optical metabolic imaging of live tissue cultures (2013)

The fluorescence properties, both intensity and fluorescence lifetime, of NADH and FAD, two coenzymes of metabolism, are sensitive, high resolution measures of cellular metabolism. However, often in vivo measurements of tissue are not feasible. In this study, we investigate the stability over time of two-photon auto-fluorescence imaging of NADH and FAD in live-cultured tissues. Our results demonstrate that cultured tissues remain viable for at least several days post excision. Furthermore, the optical redox ratio, NADH fluorescence lifetime, and FAD fluorescence lifetime do not significantly change in the cultured tissues over time. With these findings, we demonstrate the potential of sustained tissue culture techniques for optical metabolic imaging.