gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radiofrequency Ablation of Breast Cancer (2003)

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is currently under study as a candidate for nonsurgical removal or destruction of breast tumors. RFA of solid tumors is produced by frictional heating caused when ions in the tissue attempt to follow the changing directions of a high-frequency alternating current. The radiofrequency probe is typically placed into the tumor under ultrasound guidance, and the ablation is performed with real-time ultrasound monitoring. Preliminary studies in which RFA was followed by standard surgical resection have indicated that this technique is effective for the surgical ablation of small (< or = 2 cm) primary breast tumors. A new study at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center will use RFA as the sole local treatment of breast tumors < or = 1.5 cm in size to determine whether this technique is oncologically and cosmetically appropriate for the local treatment of primary breast cancer. Twenty patients with small tumors that are clearly identifiable and measurable by ultrasound will be enrolled in the study. Local control will be assessed by core and fine-needle biopsies, and long-term outcomes will be assessed using imaging studies and quality-of-life measurement scales for 5 years after treatment.
Beyond probabilistic record linkage: Using neural networks and complex features to improve genealogical record linkage (2011)

Probabilistic record linkage has been used for many years in a variety of industries, including medical, government, private sector and research groups. The formulas used for probabilistic record linkage have been recognized by some as being equivalent to the naïve Bayes classifier. While this method can produce useful results, it is not difficult to improve accuracy by using one of a host of other machine learning or neural network algorithms. Even a simple single-layer perceptron tends to outperform the naïve Bayes classifier-and thus traditional probabilistic record linkage methods-by a substantial margin. Furthermore, many record linkage system use simple field comparisons rather than more complex features, partially due to the limits of the probabilistic formulas they use. This paper presents an overview of probabilistic record linkage, shows how to cast it in machine learning terms, and then shows that it is equivalent to a naïve Bayes classifier. It then discusses how to use more complex features than simple field comparisons, and shows how probabilistic record linkage formulas can be modified to handle this. Finally, it demonstrates a huge improvement in accuracy through the use of neural networks and higher-level matching features, compared to traditional probabilistic record linkage on a large (80,000 pair) set of labeled pairs of genealogical records used by FamilySearch.org.
Study on the status and influential factors of activities of daily living among 4237 elderly in Gushan town of Fuzhou countryside (2009)

Objective
To describe the status of activities of daily living (ADL) and explore the influential factors among the elderly in Gushan town of Fuzhou.


Methods
A census was conducted by using questionnaires among people aged 60 years and above at this area.


Results
17.3% of 4237 old people investigated decreased their ADL.The main influential factors were natural attribute, social economic features, living habits, depressive symptoms, psychomotility, and number of diseases.


Conclusions
Most of the old people in Gushan town of Fuzhou could take care of their life.Many factors showed great influence on ADL.Applying to all-around measures and improving the aged's functions could help to implement successful aging.


Key words: 
Aged; Activities of daily living; Sickness impact profile
12—THE FRACTIONATION OF STARCH PART II—THE SEPARATION OF AMYLOSE AND AMYLOPECTIN (1949)

(1949). 12—THE FRACTIONATION OF STARCH PART II—THE SEPARATION OF AMYLOSE AND AMYLOPECTIN. Journal of the Textile Institute Transactions: Vol. 40, No. 4, pp. T208-T219.
Evidence that Bone Marrow Cells Do Not Contribute to the Alveolar Epithelium (2005)

An ongoing controversy is the role of marrow cells in populating the alveolar epithelium. In this study, we employed flow cytometry and histologic techniques to evaluate this process. Donor bone marrow was harvested from transgenic mice expressing the LacZ or eGFP gene ubiquitously, or under the control of the human surfactant protein (SP)-C promoter, and transplanted into lethally irradiated, neonatal mice. In recipients transplanted with marrow that express eGFP or lacZ ubiquitously, light microscopy revealed cells whose morphology and location were compatible with a type II cell phenotype. Consistent with this, fluorescent microscopy suggested colocalization of eGFP and pro-SP-C proteins in single cells. In mice transplanted with SP-C-eGFP marrow, engraftment was not detectable by histology or flow cytometry. We therefore used deconvolution microscopy to reanalyze histologic sections that were thought to show marrow-derived type II cells. We found that all putative marrow-derived pneumocytes resulted from the overlapping fluorescent signals of an endogenous pro-SP-C+ type II cell and a donor-derived eGFP+ cell. Taken together, our observations underscore the technical difficulties associated with evaluating engraftment in lung, and argue against a contributory role for marrow cells in populating the alveolar epithelium.
Isolation and phenotypic characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pseudorevertants containing suppressors of the catabolite repression control-defective crc-10 allele (2001)

The amiE gene encodes an aliphatic amidase capable of converting fluoroacetamide to the toxic compound fluoroacetate and is one of many genes whose expression is subject to catabolite repression control in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The protein product of the crc gene, Crc, is required for repression of amiE and most other genes subject to catabolite repression control in this bacterium. When grown in a carbon source such as succinate, wild-type P. aeruginosa is insensitive to fluoroacetamide (due to repression of amiE expression). In contrast, mutants harboring the crc-10 null allele cannot grow in the presence of fluoroacetamide (due to lack of repression of amiE). Selection for succinate-dependent, fluoroacetamide-resistant derivatives of the crc-10 mutant yielded three independent pseudorevertants containing suppressors that restored a degree of catabolite repression control. Synthesis of Crc protein was not reestablished in these pseudorevertants. All three suppressors of crc-10 were extragenic, and all three also suppressed a Δcrc::tetA allele. In each of the three pseudorevertants, catabolite repression control of amidase expression was restored. Catabolite repression control of mannitol dehydrogenase production was also restored in two of the three isolates. None of the suppressors restored repression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase or pyocyanin production.
Face spoofing detection using local binary patterns and Fisher Score (2015)

Todays biometric systems are vulnerable to spoof attacks made by non-real faces. The problem is when a person shows in front of camera a print photo or a picture from cell phone. We study in this paper an anti-spoofing solution for distinguishing between 'live' and 'fake' faces. In our approach we used overlapping block LBP operator to extract features in each region of the image. To reduce the features we used Fisher-Score. Finally, we used a nonlinear Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier with kernel function for determining whether the input image corresponds to a live face or not. Our experimental analysis on a publicly available NUAA and CASIA face anti-spoofing databases following the standard protocols showed good results.
The Growth Hormone Secretagogue Hexarelin Improves Cardiac Function in Rats after Experimental Myocardial Infarction (2000)

Several studies have shown that GH can enhance cardiac performance in rats after experimental myocardial infarction and in humans with congestive heart failure.In the present study, the hemodynamic effects of hexarelin (Hex), an analog of GH-releasing peptide-6 and a potent GH secretagogue, were compared with the effects of GH.Four weeks after ligation of the left coronary artery male rats were treated sc twice daily with hexarelin [10 g/kgday (Hex10) or 100 g/kgday (Hex100)], recombinant human GH (2.5 mg/kgday), or 0.9% NaCl for 2 weeks.Transthoracic echocardiography was performed before and after the treatment period.GH, but not Hex, increased body weight gain.GH and Hex100 decreased total peripheral resistance (P 0.05) and increased stroke volume (P 0.05 and P 0.01, respectively) and stroke volume index (P 0.06 and P 0.01, respectively) vs. NaCl.Cardiac output was increased by GH and Hex100 (P 0.05), and cardiac index was increased by Hex100 with a borderline significance for GH (P 0.06).In conclusion, Hex improves cardiac function and decreases peripheral resistance to a similar extent as exogenous GH in rats postmyocardial infarction.The mechanisms of these effects are unclear; they could be mediated by GH or a direct effect of Hex on the cardiovascular system.
Reactive Troponoids and <i>o</i>-Aminophenol. I. Synthesis of Cyclohepta[<i>b</i>][1,4]benzoxazine (1978)

Abstract Cyclohepta[b][1,4]benzoxazine and 2-(o-hydroxyanilino)tropone were obtained by the reactions of 2-chloro- and 2-methoxytropone with o-aminophenol. A similar reaction with o-methoxylaniline gave 2-(o-methoxyanilino) tropone and 1-(o-methoxyanilino)-7-(o-methoxyphenylimino)-1,3,5-cycloheptatriene. The chemical and physical properties of cyclohepta[b][1,4]benzoxazine were discussed.
Prognostic significance of proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in colorectal cancer (1993)

Proliferation indexes in neoplastic and adjacent normal mucosa, as defined by PCNA immunohistochemical analysis, are independent predictors of recurrence and poor survival in patients with colorectal cancer, indicating that they may be helpful as predictors of long-term survival and in planning prophylactic adjuvant therapy.
The Guide to Virtual Services (1997)

Four new nardosinane-type sesquiterpenoids, flavalins A-D (1-4), have been isolated from the Formosan soft coral Lemnalia flava. The structures of the new metabolites were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis, and the structure of 2 was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. A plausible biosynthetic pathway to 1 and 2 is proposed. Compound 1 was found to display dose-dependent inhibition of iNOS protein expression, and 1 and 2 were shown to possess significant neuroprotective activity.
Effects of Helium-Neon Laser Irradiation on Skin Resistance and Pain in Patients with Trigger Points in the Neck or Back (1989)

The purpose of this double-blind study was to ascertain the effects of helium-neon (He-Ne) laser irradiation on skin resistance and pain in patients with trigger points in the neck or low back. This study entailed a partial replication of a previous study by Snyder-Mackler and associates that determined the use of the He-Ne laser increased skin resistance overlying a trigger point. Twenty-four patients were randomly assigned to either a treatment or a control group and received three 20-second applications of laser irradiation or placebo "stimulation," respectively. Pretreatment and posttreatment skin resistance and pain measurements (via visual analog scale) were taken during each session. Results indicated a statistically significant increase in skin resistance (p less than .001) and a decrease in pain (p less than .005) following laser treatment. There was not a significant correlation between skin resistance and pain across subjects. These data substantiate the previous findings of Snyder-Mackler and associates and demonstrate a reduction in pain. Helium-neon laser treatment, therefore, may be an effective adjunct to conventional physical therapy of these patients.
UV Spectral Properties of Benzophenone. Influence of Solvents and Substituents (2000)

The effect of the solvent and the substituents on the UV spectroscopic properties of substituted benzophenones was studied.
A survey of the relationships among the viruses not considered arboviruses, vertebrates, and arthropods. (2004)

No single group of organisms demonstrates more extensive and diverse associations with animal viruses than the phylum Arthropoda. Compared with the well-recognized relationship found in arboviruses, however, most of the atypical arthropod-vertebrate relationships of the viruses normally not considered arboviruses have received much less attention, as they remain in the marginal areas of interest for most researchers in animal virology, veterinary medicine, medical entomology, and invertebrate pathology. However, this comprehensive review of the information gathered from several branches of virology by profession reveals highly valuable information potentially useful in the fields of research ranging from investigations of the mode of transmission of poorly understood or emerging viral diseases to studies of the evolution of biological transmission of animal viruses by arthropod vectors. The observations and data obtained for the animal virus relationships with arthropods and vertebrates outside the boundaries of arboviruses, in turn, can be used to reexamine more closely the definition of arboviruses. With increasing number of reports challenging one of the basic tenets of the definition of arbovirus (requirement of viremia in vertebrate host) and others describing virus-host relationships that complicate the definition of arbovirus, the accumulated information clearly demonstrates the difficulty of defining the boundaries of arboviruses.
Well-Defined Nanographene–Rhenium Complex as an Efficient Electrocatalyst and Photocatalyst for Selective CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction (2017)

Improving energy efficiency of electrocatalytic and photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> conversion to useful chemicals poses a significant scientific challenge. We report on using a colloidal nanographene to form a molecular complex with a metal ion to tackle this challenge. In this work, a well-defined nanographene-Re complex was synthesized, in which electron delocalization over the nanographene and the metal ion significantly decreases the electrical potential needed to drive the chemical reduction. We show the complex can selectively electrocatalyze CO<sub>2</sub> reduction to CO in tetrahydrofuran at -0.48 V vs NHE, the least negative potential reported for a molecular catalyst. In addition, the complex can absorb a significant spectrum of visible light to photocatalyze the chemical transformation without the need for a photosensitizer.
Interval matrices for the bottleneck analysis of queueing network models with histogram-based parameters (2002)

Bottleneck analysis using queueing network models is an important technique for the performance analysis and capacity planning of computer and communication systems. Conventional single class as well as multiclass queueing network models use single mean values as input parameters. However uncertainties and variabilities in service demands may exist in many models. This paper proposes to use extended histograms for characterizing model parameters that are associated with workload uncertainty and/or variability. Because with histogram-based parameters, system bottlenecks need not be unique, methods are presented which produce interval-based bottleneck identification matrices. Additionally, interval matrices for the approximation of potential effects of service demand modifications are presented. With the proposed interval matrix approach, associated input parameter variabilities and uncertainties are also represented in the model output. Thus, model uncertainties are not hidden but an overview of the potential model behavior is provided to the analyst.
Parallel Raman microspectroscopy using programmable multipoint illumination (2012)

We present a novel parallel Raman microspectroscopy scheme for simultaneously collecting Raman spectra from multiple points. This scheme is realized by projectinga multiple-point laser illumination pattern using a spatial light modulator (SLM) and wide-field Raman imaging collection. We demonstrate the performance of this scheme using uniform samples, trapped polymer microparticles and fixed polymer microparticles with mixed molecular composition within a 50×50 μm(2) field of view. This scheme enables the acquisition of Raman spectra from as many as 40 points simultaneously using a single illumination pattern and detector recording frame without scanning.
Rogowski coil for measuring fast, high-level pulsed currents (1980)

This paper describes the theory and design of Rogowski-wound coils used to measure nanosecond electrical curent pulses in the megampere range. The coils have risetimes of less than one nanosecond, microsecond decay times and typical sensitivities in the range of 10−3 to 10−4 V A−1. They operate in large radiation fields, under intense electron bombardment and at high rates of current rise.
FPN: a distributed hash table for commercial applications (2004)

Distributed hash tables (DHTs) provide a scalable mechanism of mapping keys onto values. DHTs are designed for fully decentralized, yet efficient object location in peer-to-peer systems. The ad-hoc and dynamic nature of P2P networks motivated existing DHTs to keep only minimum state per node, resulting in relatively long routing paths. Moreover, since the storage in existing P2P systems is essentially "free", its utilization has not been the primary focus of DHT design, resulting in systems with poor utilization. We present fixed prefix network (FPN), a prefix-based DHT designed for future commercial P2P systems supporting applications like distributed archive repository and distributed DNS. Unlike traditional P2P, the new breed is built on the assumption that the contributed resources are dedicated to the system, and are significantly more stable. Exploiting this characterization, FPN allows trading of state size for routing length, making it possible to maintain short fixed path lengths for a wide range of number of nodes. Moreover, FPN guarantees the minimum storage utilization, and in practice can deliver an 80% utilization during the lifetime of a growing system. Finally, FPN is based on a simple concept, yet delivers scalability and robustness similar to other DHTs.
Price Improvement in Dealership Markets (2005)

Price improvement refers to the practice whereby dealers offer executions that improve on quoted prices. Why are these improvements given? Standard thinking is that competition causes dealers to give better prices to customers with less information. This paper contrasts this with a novel theory in which customers negotiate improvements and differential pricing arises from differences in customers' market power. Each theory affects the formation of bid/ask spreads in empirically distinguishable ways. Understanding price improvement and its impact on market participants is critical the regulation of markets, particularly since equal execution is such an important stated goal of the SEC.
Lack of an initiator element is responsible for multiple transcriptional initiation sites of the TATA-less mouse thymidylate synthase promoter. (1993)

The mouse thymidylate synthase promoter lacks a TATA box and initiates transcription at many sites across a 90-nucleotide initiation window. We showed previously that wild-type promoter activity is maintained with a promoter that extends only 13 nucleotides upstream of the first start site. G/A-rich and G/C-rich promoter elements were identified in the vicinity of the first transcriptional start site. The goals of the present study were to determine whether there are additional promoter elements in the initiation window and to determine why transcription initiates across such a broad region. Minigenes containing a variety of substitution, deletion, and insertion mutations in the promoter region were transfected into cultured cells, and the effects on expression and the pattern of start sites were determined. The results indicate that there are no additional promoter elements downstream of the G/C box. The boundaries of the transcription window are established by elements near the 5' end of the window, whereas the pattern of start sites is determined by sequences within the window. The promoter lacks an initiator element. When an initiator element was inserted, transcription initiated predominantly at the position directed by the initiator when it was inserted within the initiation window but not when it was inserted immediately upstream of the window.
Subjective Health Complaints of Teachers From Primary and Secondary Schools in Hong Kong (2010)

This study aimed to investigate the subjective health complaints (SHC) in the teaching profession of Hong Kong. On the basis of the SHC inventory, a questionnaire was prepared for data collection through a mail survey. A total of 1710 usable questionnaires were returned by the primary or secondary school teachers. The results showed that 99.5% (n = 1702) of respondents suffered at least one type of the 39 single health problems on the total SHC scale during the preceding 30 days. The 10 most frequently reported health complaints among the teachers were tiredness, eyestrain, anxiety, sleep problems, voice disorder, shoulder pain, neck pain, headache, cold/flu, and lower-back pain. With the exception of the category of pseudoneurological complaints, primary school teachers showed a statistically higher prevalence in reporting problems in 6 of 7 subscales. The 5 most severe complaints were tiredness, eyestrain, sleep problems, shoulder pain, and voice disorder.
Dielectric lens antennas designed for millimeter-wave monopulse system (2007)

The radiation and frequency characteristics, together with the sum and difference performance of the wave front matching (WFM) lens antenna and the shaped lens (SL) antenna are studied in this paper. The performances of these antennas are analyzed using finite element method. The Radiation pattern of these two antennas are computed and given, which show that both the antennas have low side lobe level (SLL) and good frequency characteristics. The sum and difference beams of these two antennas are also computed in this paper, numerical results show that these two lens antennas have good sum and difference performance.
AN ITERATIVE METHOD FOR DEDUCING TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE PROFILES FROM SATELLITE RADIATION MEASUREMENTS (1967)

An iterative method for deducing the general temperature and moisture structure of the troposphere from satellite radiation measurements of medium spectral resolution is described. The temperature and moisture profiles derived from simulated and radiometrically observed radiances, pertaining to clear atmospheres, are shown to agree favorably with the radiosonde profiles. The method is expanded to enable the inference of the temperature and moisture profiles of partly cloudy atmospheres. The ability of the method to recognize severe noise in radiance observations which lead to unacceptable temperature and moisture solutions is demonstrated.
Beacon Vector Routing: Scalable Point-to-Point in Wireless Sensornets (2004)

This paper proposes a practical and scalable technique for point-to-point routing in wireless sensornets. This method, called Beacon Vector Routing (BVR), assigns coordinates to nodes based on the vector of distances (hop count) to a small set of beacons, and then defines a distance metric on these coordinates. Packets are routed greedily, being forwarded to the next hop that is the closest (according to this beacon vector distance metric) to the destination. This approach is evaluated through both simulation and a prototype implementation on motes.