gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lipid Metabolism in Anaerobic Ecosystems (1991)

In anaerobic ecosystems, acyl lipids are initially hydrolyzed by microbial lipases with the release of free fatty acids. Glycerol, galactose, choline, and other non-fatty acid components released during hydrolysis are fermented to volatile fatty acids by the fermentative bacteria. Fatty acids are not degraded further in the rumen or other parts of the digestive tract but are subjected to extensive biohydrogenation especially in the rumen. However, in environments such as sediments and waste digestors, which have long retention times, both long and short chain fatty acids are beta-oxidized to acetate by a special group of bacteria, the H2-producing syntrophs. Long chain fatty acids can also be degraded by alpha-oxidation. Biotransformation of bile acids, cholesterol, and steroids by intestinal microorganisms is extensive. Many rumen bacteria have specific growth requirements for fatty acids such as n-valeric, iso-valeric, 2-methylbutyric, and iso-butyric acids. Some species have requirements for C13 to C18 straight-chain saturated or monoenoic fatty acids for growth.
Allogeneic Umbilical Cord Blood Infusion for Adults with Ischemic Stroke (CoBIS): Clinical Outcomes From a Phase 1 Study (2017)

Background: Over 750,000 patients/year in the US experience a debilitating stroke. Approximately 88% of adult strokes are ischemic, and occur when cerebral blood flow is blocked by a clot or mechanical event. The initial neuroinflammatory response following stroke results in the release of inflammatory mediators which may exacerbate the development of cerebral edema and secondary tissue injury. Preclinical data suggest that cell-based therapy may favorably alter these processes through paracrine signaling that reduces inflammation, promotes angiogenesis, neurogenesis and recruitment of endogenous cell repair mechanisms. We hypothesize that intravenous infusion of non-HLA matched allogeneic umbilical cord blood (UCB) is safe and through tropic effects improve functional outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods: The CoBIS study is a prospective, open-label, multi-center, Phase 1 safety study of a single intravenous infusion of allogeneic UCB in patients with ischemic stroke. Adult patients experiencing a recent, acute cortical ischemic stroke in the middle cerebral artery with a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 8-15(right) or 8-18 (left) were eligible for enrollment. Cord blood units were selected to match for ABO/Rh and race but not for HLA. Subjects were not pre-treated with immunosuppressive drugs and infused with cell product 3-9 days post stroke. The primary endpoint was safety as assessed by the frequency and severity of adverse events. Secondary measures to assess physical and neurological function included modified Rankin Scale (mRS), NIHSS, and Barthel Index (BI). Results: Ten male patients with a mean age of 61.5 were enrolled. Study participants received an intravenous infusion of .83-3.34 × 10e7 TNC/kg administered between 3-9 days post stroke. At time of infusion the mean mRS was 4.4 ± .5. At 3 months, the mean mRS was 2.8 ± .9 and 50% of subjects exhibited a 1 grade improvement in mRS, 40% had improved by 2 grades and one subject by 3 grades. The mean NIHSS at the time of enrollment was 13.6 ± .8, at infusion 11.2 ± 1.6 and at 3 months 5.3 ± 2.2 with an improvement by at least 4 points relative to baseline. Similarly, all patients showed improvement in basic activities of daily living at 3 months relative to infusion (baseline), as measured by the BI. As of September 2016, six serious AEs were observed in one subject but were unrelated to study therapy and not reportable. Conclusions: Safety data suggests intravenous infusion of unmatched, allogeneic, UCB cells is feasible and well tolerated in adult patients with acute ischemic stroke. Furthermore, all patients exhibited improved functional outcomes at 3 months relative to baseline as measured by mRS, NIHSS and BI. These results should be further investigated in a controlled and randomized Phase 2 study using human UCB and placebo in patients with ischemic stroke which is planned to begin Q4 2016.
Mission planning for an Earth observation low Earth orbiter: ERS-1 (1993)

ERS-1, the first European Remote Sensing satellite, has a payload which consists primarily of microwave instruments and is in a polar sun-synchronous orbit. All ground and on-board activities from user requests to delivery of data products are combined into one integrated system. In view of the high number of products which can be generated by ERS-1, the Mission Planning System (MPS), which plans the on-board activities of ERS-1, is an essential tool for operations since manual planning of the large number of daily operations is out of the question. In addition the MPS, in line with the integrated nature of the ERS-1 system, also plans activities at the prime ground station, including among others, the operation of the payload data processing systems there. This paper outlines the operations concepts for ERS-1 mission planning, and describes the Mission Planning System used at the ERS-1 Control Center. Novel functionalities, such as automatic resource clash resolution, are described. A critical discussion gives lessons learned for future mission planning systems.
Heterotopic Ossification of Peripheral Nerve (“Neuritis Ossificans”): Report of Two Cases (2002)

In each patient, the mass was composed of fibrovascular tissue with osteoid and bone deposition arranged in a zonal pattern. The ossifying process was intraneural but encased rather than directly involving nerve fascicles. These exceptionally intact examples of neuritis ossificans underscore its resemblance to myositis ossificans. Nerve-sparing resection of such masses is not always possible.
98/03144 Reversed air staging. A method to reduce nitrous oxide emissions from circulating fluidized bed boilers (1998)

Reversed air staging is a method to reduce nitrous oxide (N2O)emissions from circulating fluidized bed boilers (FBBs). Tests in a 12 MW circulating FBB show that the N20 emission can be lowered to one fourth without affecting the emissions of NO,SO2 or CO and without adverse effects on the combustion efficiency. The focus of the paper is on the conditions in the combustion chamber. Measurements inside the combustion chamber reveal how the combustion conditions are affected by reversed air staging compared to normal air staging. These measurements confirm the working principle of reversed air staging, namely to provide more oxidizing conditions in the lower part of the combustion chamber and lower stoichiometry in the upper part of the combustion chamber.
Novel non-contact passive damping of structures: An experimental investigation using electromagnetic concepts (2003)

An experimental investigation has been carried out into the use of a non-contact mechanism to absorb or dissipate energy from a vibrating structure via electromagnetic effects. This paper describes a novel concept whereby the elastic paramters of a ferromagnetic mass within the immediate neighbourhood of a spatially varying magnetic field can be tuned to act as an elastic vibration absorber; if this ferromagnetic mass is sufficiently damped, it can also dissipate energy. The present study highlights some promising empirical observations together with some unusual phenomena arising from the magneto-structural interaction. Structures that are sensitive to modification from conventional damping treatment could benefit from this type of novel non-contact damping technique.
Long-Term Field Trial to Control the Invasive Argentine Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) With Synthetic Trail Pheromone (2010)

Previous short-term experiments showed that trail following behavior of the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), can be disrupted by a high concentration of synthetic trail pheromone component (Z)-9-hexadecenal. In this study, a long-term field trial was conducted in 100-m2 plots of house gardens in an urban area of Japan to see whether the control effect on Argentine ants can be obtained by permeating synthetic trail pheromone from dispensers. The dispensers were placed in the experimental plots during the ant's active season (April-November) for 2 yr with monthly renewal. To estimate Argentine ant population density, foraging activity of Argentine ants in the study plots was monitored by monthly bait surveys. Throughout the study period, Argentine ant foraging activity was suppressed in the presence of the dispensers, presumably via trail forming inhibition. In contrast, the level of foraging activity was not different between treatment and no-treatment plots when the dispensers were temporarily removed, suggesting that treatment with pheromone dispensers did not suppress Argentine ant density in the treatment plots. Population decline may be expected with larger-scale treatment that covers a significant portion of the ant colony or with improvement in the potency of the disruptant.
Inhibition of the translocation of GLUT1 and GLUT4 in 3T3-L1 cells by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, wortmannin (1994)

Wortmannin is a potent and reversible inhibitor of insulin-stimulated PtdIns 3-kinase activity in 3T3-L1 cells (IC50 = 2.6 +/- 0.8 nM). Wortmannin inhibits the PtdIns 3-kinase activity which is precipitated with antibodies against insulin receptor substrate 1 and against the alpha-p85 subunit of PtdIns 3-kinase. These observations suggest that wortmannin inhibits at the p110 catalytic subunit of PtdIns 3-kinase. Insulin stimulation of glucose transport in permeabilized 3T3-L1 cells is also inhibited by wortmannin (IC50 = 6.4 +/- 1.4 nM). Wortmannin did not inhibit basal glucose transport activity. The close similarity of the IC50 values for wortmannin inhibition of insulin-stimulated PtdIns 3-kinase and glucose transport activities suggests that the PtdIns 3-kinase is a key intermediate in insulin signalling of glucose-transport stimulation. The wortmannin inhibitory effect on transport is associated with a reduction in the cell-surface, but not the total cellular, levels of both GLUT1 and GLUT4 glucose transporter isoforms that are accessible to the cell-impermeant photolabel, ATB-BMPA. These photolabelling results suggest that the glucose transporter translocation process is dependent upon PtdIns 3-kinase activity. The stimulatory effect of guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (GTP gamma S) on glucose transport activity in permeabilized cells is only partially blocked by concentrations of wortmannin that completely inhibit the stimulatory effect of insulin. The residual stimulatory effect of GTP gamma S that occurs in the presence of wortmannin suggests that at least part of the GTP gamma S effect is mediated at a signalling site that is downstream of the site at which wortmannin inhibits the insulin stimulation of PtdIns 3-kinase and glucose transport activities.
Effect of multipath propagation on performance of narrowband frequency-modulation radiotelegraph systems (1966)

An explanation is given of the high error rate and poor diversity action experienced with narrowband frequency-modulation radiotelegraph systems with fading multipath signals, even in the absence of noise. The mechanism of occurrence of these residual errors is examined in detail, and they are shown to be due to a combined effect of the frequency modulation and spurious amplitude modulation of the signal, which together cause severe phase aberrations during the signal transitions at troughs in the fading. The spurious amplitude modulation is due to the removal of the higher-order frequency-modulation sidebands by the normal channel filters, and it is shown that a useful reduction in the residual-error rate and improved diversity operation may be achieved if the second-order sidebands reach the output of the channel-receiving filter at their correct level. A method of establishing this condition in a multichannel system with practical filters is described, but it is concluded that some increase in channel spacing in relation to modulation rate would be necessary to restrict interchannel interference.
Unayzah Group in Western Central Saudi Arabia: Utilization of a Chemostratigraphic Analysis (2018)

Summary “The Permo-Carboniferous Unayzah Group of central Saudi Arabia is generally composed of clastic deposits forming four members: in ascending order the Ghazal, Jawb, Wudayhi and Tinat. At its top, the Unayzah Group is truncated by an unconformity overlying which is the Middle Permian Basal Khuff Clastics Member (BKC), comprising an alternating succession of sandstones, shales, and thin carbonate lithofacies. Correlation of the intra-Unayzah sand bodies is problematic due to the lithological similarities between the sandstones encountered within the members as most of them are barren. Chemostratigraphy can offer a potential high-resolution stratigraphic tool, through use of the geochemical signature of the sediments, determined from their elemental composition and mineralogical content. For this reason, a workflow was developed to identify the chemostratigraphic characteristics of the Unayzah Group in the study area based on specific changes in elemental ratios. The correlation scheme includes Zr/Nb, Zr/Th (Zr*Hf)/(Nb*Ta), Zr/(Nb*Ta), Al/(Ca+Mg+K+Na) and (Rb+Cs)/La. They reflect changes in sediment provenance and weathering with strong variation components. The chemozones and their inherent sub-zones identified in this study are found to broadly approximate to Unayzah litostratigraphic members and the technique offers considerable potential for high-resolution correlation in the subsurface, especially when integrated with sedimentological and palynological data.”
Discriminating DNA Sequences from Terahertz Spectroscopy - A Wavelet Domain Analysis (2006)

DNA sequence analysis has been widely studied by geneexpression microarray techniques. Few results, however, have been provided by Terahertz spectroscopy which reveals the absorbtion or reflectance percentage from different DNA sequences. Previous Terahertz methods have lacked a quantitative analysis of the spectroscopy features, and no definitive conclusion regarding the data can be easily drawn. In this paper, we use a data clustering approach which gives a quantitative interpretation of the DNA spectroscopy. The wavelet transform is applied to extract features from the original measurements. The data is subsequently partitioned by a hierarchical clustering method. Experimental results of Terahertz spectroscopy of several different DNA samples show that the wavelet domain analysis aids the clustering process and yields clustering of higher validity than that obtained from the raw data.
ABNORMAL MR SPECTROSCOPY AND NORMAL VISUAL EVOKED POTENTIALS IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (1997)

Richards, Todd L.; Heide, Aaron C.; Kraft, George H.; Slimp, Jeff C.; Gardner, Jill C.; Posse, Stefan; Serafini, Sandra; Bowen, James D. Author Information
Resource Allocation and Inter-Cell Interference Management for Dual-Access Small Cells (2015)

In this paper, we present a method for resource allocation for small cells that integrate licensed and unlicensed RF operations motivated by the widespread WiFi hotspots and the common inclusion of WiFi interface in most cellular terminals. Small cells have proven popular for cell coverage enhancement and traffic offloading from macrocells. We formulate an optimization problem that jointly allocates resources over both licensed and unlicensed bands with the goal of maximizing sum small cell user equipment (SUE) rate while achieving fairness among these user equipments and controlling inter-cell interference to neighboring macrocell users. The proposed solution further considers the quality of service (QoS) requirement of SUE traffics to be distributed over both licensed and unlicensed bands. We show the formulation of the proposed optimization problem as an efficient and low complexity linear programming. We further show that our problem formulation can be modified to maximize the revenue of mobile network operators. Our proposed solution achieves better performance than several existing solutions.
<title>Photodynamic pathogen inactivation in red cell concentrates with the silicon phthalocyanine Pc 4</title> (2000)

The silicon phthalocyanine Pc 4, a photosensitizer activated with red light, has been studied for pathogen inactivation in red blood cell concentrates (RBCC). Pc 4 targets the envelope of pathogenic viruses such as HIV. To protect RBC during the process two main approaches are used: 1) Inclusion of quenches of reactive oxygen species produced during treatment. Tocopherol succinate was found to be most effective for this purpose. 2) Formulation of Pc 4, a lipophilic compound, in liposomes that reduce its binding to RBC but not to viruses. As a light source we used a light emitting diode array emitting at 660-680 nm. An efficient mixing device ensures homogeneous light exposure during treatment of intact RBCC. Treatment of RBCC with 5 (mu) M Pc 4 a d light results in the inactivation of >= 5.5 log<SUB>10</SUB> HIV, >= 6.6 log<SUB>10</SUB> VSV, and >= 5 log<SUB>10</SUB> of PRV and BVDV. Parasites that can be transmitted by blood transfusion are even more sensitive than viruses. Following treatment, RBCC can be stored for 28 days at 4 degrees C with hemolysis below 1 percent. Baboon RBC circulate with an acceptable 24 hour recovery and half-life. Genetic toxicological studies of Pc 4 with or without light exposure are negative. We conclude that a process using Pc 4 and red light can potentially reduce the risk of transmitting pathogens in RBCC used for transfusion.
Modelling and analysis of digital control systems (2003)

Control systems are mostly modelled in continuous time. Implementation however happens in general by digital computers (mostly microprocessors), which influences the behavior of the control system. This makes a well-defined method for modelling of digital control systems desirable. In the past Mecal Applied Mechanics BV simulated digital control systems as an analog system with a time delay in its feedback loop. This report investigates whether this method sufficiently reflects digital control properties or another method should be used. For &is the Mecal-method is compared with several other methods in time and frequency domain. The sampled-data method, that uses a model with a controller in discrete time and system in continuous time, gives the best representation of the properties of digital control systems in time domain. Fourier analysis shows that both the sampled-data method and the adjusted Mecalmethod, that is the Mecal-method with time delay in the control loop instead of the feedback loop, can be used to give a good representation of the properties of digital control. Time simulations of a sampled-data model show that AID-conversion of the feedback output signal has little effect on the digital response. It shows that the extra delay in the controller's hardware may destabilize a control system. And it also shows that the response at the Nyquist frequency is equivalent to the step response. Frequency domain analysis show that the analog method can be used up to 5% of the sampling frequency and that sampling induces a frequency dependent phase lag with respect to the analog phase response. Furthermore it is shown that digital control systems are stable at a sampling frequency above about five times the bandwidth depending on the phase margin and that the damping factor decreases as the sampling frequency decreases.
On the design of IEEE compliant floating point units (2002)

Engineering design methodology recommends designing a system as follows: start with an unambiguous specification, partition the system into blocks, specify the functionality of each block, design each block separately, and glue the blocks together. Verifying the correctness of an implementation then reduces to a local verification procedure. We apply this methodology for designing a provably correct, modular, IEEE-compliant floating point unit. First, we provide a mathematical, and hopefully unambiguous, definition of IEEE Standard 754 (1985) which specifies the functionality. The design consists of an adder, a multiplier and a rounding unit, each of which is further partitioned. Our floating point unit design deals with the detection of exceptions and trapped overflow and underflow exceptions as an integral part of the rounding unit. Our abstraction level avoids bit-level arguments while still enabling the addressing of crucial implementation issues such as delay and cost.
Betrachtungen über den Zusammenhang zwischen bakteriellem Wachstum und der mikrobiell induzierten Potentialverschiebung bei nichtrostenden Stählen (1999)

Ausgangspunkt für die vorliegende Untersuchung waren Korrosionsschäden an Kühlwasserrohrleitungen aus nichtrostenden Stählen, die unterhalb von 50°C durch mikrobielle Beläge verursacht wurden. Diese Biofilme bewirkten eine Potentialverschiebung der Werkstoffe in den Bereich der labilen Lochfraßbeständigkeit. Die mikrobiologische und elektrochemische Untersuchung ergab, daß die bakteriellen Zelldichten in den Belägen ebenso temperaturabhängig sind wie die im Laborexperiment erreichten Endwerte des Freien Korrosionspotentials. Weiterhin wird das Freie Korrosionspotential des Werkstoffes mit der Redoxsituation der umgebenden wäßrigen Phase verglichen und davon ausgehend eine direkte Kopplung zwischen der Potentialverschiebung und dem bakteriellen Wachstum postuliert. Gemäß dieser energetischen Betrachtung ist eine Zunahme der Zelldichte nur bis zum Erreichen einer minimalen Potentialdifferenz möglich, die den Grenzwert für den Erhalt der Biomasse darstellt. An examination of the interrelationship between bacterial growth and microbially induced potential shift of stainless steels Corrosion damage was found in an earlier examination of stainless steel piping used for cooling circuits at temperatures below 50°C. This attack was caused by a microbial slime layer which was responsible for the shifting of the open circuit potential to a region of instable pitting resistance. Both the bacterial cell densities of the biofilm and the final values of the open circuit potential in laboratory experiments showed temperature dependence. Furthermore, a comparison of the open circuit potential with the redox situation of the surrounding aqueous phase leads us to postulate a direct coupling between the potential shift and the growth of the bacterial population. According to these observations the cell density can only increase until a minimal potential difference is reached. This value is the limit necessary for maintaining the biomass.
Distributed Agent Platform with Intrusion Detection Capabilities (2009)

This paper's goal is to design an intrusion detection system for a distributed environment adapted for developing and monitoring agents. The idea is to endow the agent platform with a high level of immunity by integrating the intrusion detection system based on artificial intelligence techniques. The agent platform itself is improved with advanced mechanisms for monitoring, analyzing, discovering, learning, and detecting intruders. The most important aspect of this platform is represented by its capability of detecting and rejecting possible intruders. The paper discusses in a critical way the traditional views of intrusion detection and analyzes the more complex approach to human immune system. The proposed architecture is a layered one and the paper describes the role and capability of each layer. The novelty of this approach is proved by the monitoring agents' activities regarding services and actions which are translated in terms of system's resources: processor, memory and bandwidth. The monitoring process is the key of the intrusion detection mechanism.