gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-point diamond mirror turning of infrared aspheric lens (2004)

According to the ductile-mode machining principle of hard-brittle material and error compensation turning method, the ductile-mode turning method of aspheric surface of infrared lens is mainly discussed, which is concerning arc diamond tool and straight diamond tool, in order to directly obtain mirror cutting surface. The error compensation turning method is introduced to eliminate the influence of tool wear, machine librations and thermal distortion, etc. on the surface roughness and form accuracy. An experiment for a single-point diamond turning of germanium lens of φ70 mm was carried out by the use of error compensation turning method. The result shows that it may improve aspheric form accuracy PV from 1.23 mm to 0.36 mm, and surface roughness R_a from 0.27 mm to 0.04 mm.
The Role of Blood Osmolality and Volume in Regulating Vasopressin Secretion in the Rat (1973)

A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) has been used to study the effects of blood osmolality and volume in regulating AVP secretion in unanesthetized rats. Under basal conditions, plasma AVP and osmolality were relatively constant, averaging 2.3+/-0.9 (SD) pg/ml and 294+/-1.4 mosmol/kg, respectively. Fluid restriction, which increased osmolality and decreased volume, resulted in a progressive rise in plasma AVP to about 10 times basal levels after 96 h. A 2-3-fold increase in plasma AVP occurred as early as 12 h, when osmolality and volume had each changed by less than 2%. Intraperitoneal injections of hypertonic saline, which had no effect on blood volume, also produced a rise in plasma AVP that was linearly correlated with the rise in osmolality (r > 0.9) and quantitatively similar to that found during fluid restriction (plasma AVP increased 2-4-fold with each 1% increase in osmolality). Intraperitoneal injection of polyethylene glycol, which decreased blood volume without altering osmolality, also increased plasma AVP but this response followed an exponential pattern and did not become significant until volume had decreased by 8% or more. At these levels of hypovolemia, the osmoregulatory system continued to function but showed a lower threshold and increase sensitivity to osmotic stimulation. We conclude that AVP secretion is regulated principally by blood osmolality but that the responsiveness of this mechanism may be significantly altered by modest changes in blood volume.
Evaluation of Aroma in Oriental Tobaccos as Based On Valeric Acid Gas Chromatography (2008)

Abstract Levels of valeric acids (isovaleric and 3-methylvaleric) in leaves and smoke of different tobacco types were quantified by capillary gas chromatography (GC) using flame ionization detector (FID). The aroma characteristics of the smoke were scored by sensory evaluation. It was found that leaves of Oriental and burley tobaccos contain higher amounts of both valeric acid derivatives than Virginia tobaccos containing isovaleric acid but no 3-methylvaleric acid. Strong correlation between the aroma and pleasantness scores of smoke and the content of valeric acids in the leaves of Oriental tobaccos was observed, while it was not the case for leaves of Virginia and burley tobaccos. In all tobacco types no correlation between smoking characteristics and the content of valeric acids in the smoke was established. Regression models involving leaf isovaleric acid were developed that can be used to evaluate aroma and pleasantness of smoke in Oriental tobaccos. The data obtained allow the following conclusions to be drawn: a) 3-methylvaleric acid may be a chemical marker to distinguish Virginia tobaccos from Oriental and burley tobaccos; b) isovaleric acid content in leaves of Oriental tobaccos may be used for objective aroma evaluation that can be exploited for breeding and market purposes.
Analysis of the isothermal mechanical response of a shape memory polymer rheological model (2000)

Abstract In this paper, we derive the isothermal mechanical response of a 4‐element rheological model for shape memory polymers (SMP) in the context of (i) constant stress, (ii) constant strain, (iii) constant stress rate, (iv) constant strain rate, (v) periodic strain. The effect of shape memory strain (modeled by a friction element) and the temperature dependence of the material properties on the SMP response are examined for a polyurethane shape memory polymer of the polyester polypole series. In particular, it is possible to identify a threshold frequency during periodic loading, near which the damping capacity of the SMP is strongly affected by an increasing shape memory strain. On the other hand, when the applied frequency is much greater than the threshold value, an increasing shape memory strain ceases to have any effect on the damping. It is also shown that at a given frequency (significantly greater than the threshold value), the damping capacity as a function of temperature attains a maximum. While this maximum value is frequency‐dependent (being inversely proportional), the temperature at which the maximum is attained is frequency‐independent, and is analytically shown to be the glass transition temperature.
Reentrant temperature dependence of critical current in superconductor - ferromagnet - superconductor junctions based on PdFe alloys (2007)

The magnetic and transport properties of $Pd_{0.99}Fe_{0.01}$ thin films have been studied. We have found that the Curie temperature of the films is about 20 K and the magnetic properties strongly depend on temperature below $T_{Curie}$. We have also fabricated the set of superconductor-ferromagnet-superconductor josephson junctions $Nb-PdFe-Nb$. The temperature dependence of the junctions with the ferromagnet layer thickness of about 36 nm shows the reentrant behaviour that is the evidence of the transition of the junction into the $π$-state.
Effects of Certain Isolates of Bacteria and Actinomycetes on <i>Gaeumannomyces graminis</i> var. <i>tritici</i> and Take-All of Wheat (1978)

Five isolates each of actinomycetes, bacteria and fluorescent pseudomonads from the roots of wheat were tested for antagonism against Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici on agar and in sterile and unsterile soil. There was no apparent correlation between the tests. Effects on the growth of the take-all fungus (TAF) on agar ranged from nil to various degrees of colony deformation and/or inhibition. In a sterile sandy subsoil growing wheat seedlings, all except one isolate had no effect on disease production by a straw inoculum of the TAF. In an unsterile soil, however, measurements of shoot weight indicated that disease was reduced by all five isolates of bacteria singly and in mixture and by four of the five isolates of actinomycetes and a mixture of all five. Although a mixture of all five isolates of fluorescent pseudomonads reduced the disease, none of them produced a similar effect when tested singly. In the absence of the pathogen none of the test organisms significantly increased the shoot weight of wheat.
Effect of ash process on leakage mechanism of Cu/ELK (k=2.5) interconnect for 65/45 nm generation (2005)

This work investigates the leakage and breakdown mechanisms in a Cu damascene structure with carbon-doped CVD extra low-k material (ELK, k=2.5) as intermetal dielectric. The effects of ash processing by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and reactive ion etching (RIE) modes were extensively characterized. Due to the dominance of Frenkel-Poole (FP) emission in the leakage mechanism between Cu lines, we extracted for the first time the effective k through leakage measurements under various ash conditions. We demonstrate that RIE ash is promising to reduce leakage current, to improve dielectric breakdown, and to retain effective k for Cu/ELK applications. Finally, the mechanisms of ELK damages by ICP and RIE ash are explained.
The Dutch Context of Spinoza's Theologico-Political Treatise (1992)

(1992). The Dutch Context of Spinoza's Theologico-Political Treatise. Dutch Crossing: Vol. 16, No. 47, pp. 3-23.
Achieving high availability in a replicated file system by dynamically ordering transactions (2002)

A pessimistic consistency-control algorithm is presented. The principle of the algorithm is to order transactions dynamically in the global serialization graph of the system. This order is built by associating numbers with transactions in such a way that these numbers decrease along any path in the graph. Transaction numbers correspond to an arbitrary ordering of replicated objects. The model of the distributed system and the transaction manager are described. Replicated objects and the basic access strategy used to illustrate the method are introduced. Both the access algorithm, with a proof of its correctness, and the recovery algorithm are described. The generalization of the method to other pessimistic algorithms and several related issues are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Correlation between atrial fibrillation, serum amyloid protein A and other inflammatory cytokines (2012)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) may occur and persist due to atrial remodeling exacerbated by inflammation. However, whether inflammatory cytokines, such as serum amyloid protein A (SAA), are elevated in patients with atrial arrhythmias remains unclear. In a case-control study design, serum levels of inflammatory cytokines SAA, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were compared between 122 patients with AF and 63 non-AF controls. Of 122 AF patients, 48 had lone AF and 74 organic AF; 65 had paroxysmal AF, 36 persistent AF and 21 permanent AF. In unadjusted analyses, the levels of SAA, hsCRP, TNF-αP, IL-1 and IL-6 were significantly higher in AF patients compared to control patients (P<0.01). Patients with permanent and persistent AF had higher serum levels of inflammatory cytokines than those with paroxysmal AF; all AF patients had higher serum levels than controls (P<0.05). Using a multivariate logistic regression analysis, we found that SAA (OR 3.11; 95% CI, 1.12-6.05), hsCRP (OR 2.53; 95% CI, 1.17-4.38), TNF-α (OR 1.80; 95% CI, 1.03-3.20) and IL-6 (OR 1.21; 95% CI, 0.68-2.87) were correlated with AF (P<0.05). SAA and related inflammatory cytokines are elevated in AF patients. This study is the first to document elevated SAA in AF patients. Although the cause of elevated SAA levels in AF patients remains unknown, elevated SAA may reflect an inflammatory state that promotes the occurrence and persistence of AF.
Acetaminophen protein adducts: A review (2009)

Significant controversy surrounds the clinical and legal implications of 3-para cysteinyl acetaminophen, the protein degradation product of acetaminophen protein adducts. Versions of this test have been used for several years in animal research to help understand acetaminophen toxicity. As human research papers have appeared, the allegation has been made that the presence of 3-para cysteinyl acetaminophen in a patient with hepatic injury proves causal association of acetaminophen with the injury. It has also been suggested that quantitative adduct assays can guide the management of acute overdose or repeated supra-therapeutic use of acetaminophen by determining the need for initiating therapy and the timing of the end of therapy. The purpose of this review is to discuss the nature of this molecule and the detection assay, the animal research linking it with injury, and to evaluate the human research--specifically the evidence regarding causality and clinical utility. At the current time there is inadequate evidence for the test alone to prove causal association between acetaminophen and hepatic injury. Also, since quantitative 3-para cysteinyl acetaminophen assays parallel other markers of liver injury, it is not clear that assays alone will guide therapy unless quantitative assay markers can be shown to precede other markers (in elevation or decline) or provide more specificity than the Rumack-Matthew risk categorization nomogram. These advantages have not been demonstrated.
STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEMS AS A TOOL FOR SEISMIC PROTECTION (2008)

Structural Health Monitoring for civil structures is becoming increasingly popular in Europe and worldwide also because of the opportunities that it offers in the fields of construction management and maintenance. Reduction of inspection costs, research, with the possibility to better understand the behaviour of structures under dynamic loads, seismic protection, observation, in real or near real-time, of the structural response and of evolution of damage, so that it is possible to produce post-earthquake scenarios and support rescue operations, are the main advantages related to the implementation of such techniques. Thus, Structural Health Monitoring is a very multidisciplinary field, where a number of different skills (seismology, electronic and civil engineering, computer science) and institutions can work together in order to increase performance and reliability of such systems, whose promising perspectives seem to be almost clearly stated. Among the main issues currently on field, it is worth mentioning the development of sensors characterized by increasing performances and of wireless sensors networks, techniques for modal parameters identification and for damage detection. Sensor technology, however, develop faster than algorithms for modal identification and damage detection. In this paper, a Structural Health Monitoring systems network designed by University of Molise and University of Naples “Federico II”, and currently under implementation, is described, pointing out the solutions adopted to build a reliable SHM system. At completion, such a system will cover a wide range of structures over Molise and Neapolitan territories, taking advantage of its distributed infrastructure and of opportunities given by IT.
Pharmacology and immunological actions of a herbal medicine ASHMI<sup>TM</sup> on allergic asthma (2009)

Allergic asthma is a chronic and progressive inflammatory disease for which there is no satisfactory treatment. Studies reported tolerability and efficacy of an anti-asthma herbal medicine intervention (ASHMI) for asthma patients, developed from traditional Chinese medicine. To investigate the pharmacological actions of ASHMI on early- and late-phase airway responses (EAR and LAR), Ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice received 6 weeks of ASHMI treatment beginning 24 h following the first intratracheal OVA challenge. EAR were determined 30 min following the fourth challenge and LAR 48 h following the last challenge. ASHMI effects on cytokine secretion, murine tracheal ring contraction and human bronchial smooth muscle cell prostaglandin (PG) production were also determined.ASHMI abolished EAR, which was associated with significantly reduced histamine, leukotriene C4, and OVA-specific IgE levels, as well as LAR, which was associated with significantly reduced bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) eosinophils, decreased airway remodeling, and lower Th2 cytokine levels in BALF and splenocyte cultures. Furthermore, ASHMI inhibited contraction of murine tracheal rings and increased production of the potent smooth muscle relaxer PGI(2). ASHMI abrogation of allergic airway responses is associated with broad effects on asthma pathological mechanisms.
Making UML activity diagrams object-oriented (2002)

The way the activity diagram in the Unified Modeling Language is currently defined is not object-oriented. Activity diagrams specify data/object flow. We feel that the object-oriented principles should hold for every part of the standard for object-oriented analysis and design. Therefore this paper proposes a few small changes to the UML metamodel that will integrate activity diagrams into an object-oriented scheme, focusing on three fundamental object-oriented principles: responsibility, information hiding/encapsulation, and delegation.
Insulin Influences LPS-Induced TNF-α and IL-6 Release Through Distinct Pathways in Mouse Macrophages from Different Compartments (2017)

These data suggest that insulin through the modulation of PI3-kinase and ERK 1/2 pathways drive different responses in macrophages, thereby enhancing our understanding of the plasticity of these cells.
Nucleation kinetics of Ru on silicon oxide and silicon nitride surfaces deposited by atomic layer deposition (2008)

The nucleation behavior of Ru deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using bis(ethylcyclopentadienyl)ruthenium precursor and O2 reactant is investigated as a function of the number of ALD cycles. The substrates are thermally grown SiO2, NH3 plasma-treated SiO2, and chemical vapor deposited SiNx. The nucleation of Ru strongly depends on the substrate and is much enhanced on the nitride substrates. Transmission electron microscopy analysis reveals that the maximum density of the nuclei is 5.7×1010cm−2 on the SiO2 surface at 500 ALD cycles, 1.2×1012cm−2 on SiNx at 160 ALD cycles, and 2.3×1012cm−2 on NH3 plasma-nitrided SiO2 at 110 ALD cycles. Although the kinetics of Ru nucleation is different on the various substrates, the overall nucleation process in each case consists of an initial slow nucleation stage and a subsequent fast nucleation stage before the coalescence of the nuclei occurs. Considering the adsorption of Ru precursor on the substrate and the surface diffusion of deposited Ru during an ALD cycle, we suggest a model for describing the nucleation of an ALD film at the initial stage with a low surface coverage based on the atomistic nucleation theory of a thin film. The proposed model shows that the density of the nuclei is proportional to the (i+2)th power of the number of ALD cycles and (i+1)th power of the density of atoms deposited per ALD cycle, where i is the critical nuclei size. By applying the proposed model to the experimental results, the critical nuclei size i is found to be 1. The amounts of Ru atoms deposited per ALD cycle on the NH3 plasma-nitrided SiO2 and SiNx are 70 and 24 times larger, respectively, than that on the SiO2 surface. This model quantitatively describes the nucleation kinetics in the ALD system and is verified by a comparison with the experimental results of Ru on various substrates.
Mechanism of Rubber-To-Brass Adhesion : Effect of Rubber Composition on the Adhesion (1978)

Abstract A new adhesion model for the bonding of sulfur-vulcanizable rubber compounds to brass has been presented and discussed. The adhesion is explained on the basis of an autocatalytic effect of a thin film of cuprous sulfide formed on the brass surface by the combined action of sulfur and vulcanization accelerator. This film transfers sulfur atoms to rubber molecules, which results in a high rubber surface polarity. This surface bonds to brass by physical interaction. Although minute amounts of cuprous sulfide are a prerequisite, an excess of this compound is detrimental to the adhesion, as thick films are brittle and nonadherent to the brass substrate. Consequently, all parameters which affect the reactivity of a brass surface for cuprous sulfide formation, have an effect on the adhesion. These parameters are brass copper content, brass surface composition, and rubber compound formulation. The action of the various individual rubber ingredients on the reactions at the interface can be simulated by measuring the rate of sulfidation of a standard type of brass in a paraffin solution containing a simple rubber curing system. In spite of the differences between the conditions during actual rubber vulcanization and sulfidation in paraffin, the latter approach yields information which can be used to explain, on a qualitative basis and within the limits of the adhesion model, certain well-known but hitherto unexplained effects, such as the action of cobalt complexes on the adhesion. The method can also be regarded as a simple test for the effect of rubber compounding ingredients on steel cord adhesion.
Comparative study on characterization of recombinant B subunit of E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin (rLTB) prepared from E. coli and P. patoris. (2010)

Escherichia coli (E. coli) heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) was regarded as one of the most powerful mucosal immunoadjuvants eliciting strong immunoresponse to coadministered antigens. In the research, the high-level secretory expression of functional LTB was achieved in P. pastoris through high-density fermentation in a 5-l fermentor. Meanwhile, the protein was expressed in E. coli by the way of inclusion body, although the gene was cloned from E. coli. Some positive yeast and E. coli transformants were obtained respectively by a series of screenings and identifications. Fusion proteins LTB-6x His could be secreted into the supernatant of the medium after the recombinant P. pastoris was induced by 0.5% (v/v) methanol at 30 degrees C, whereas E. coli transformants expressed target protein in inclusion body after being induced by 1 mM IPTG at 37 degrees C. The expression level increased dramatically to 250- 300 mg/l supernatant of fermentation in the former and 80-100 mg/l in the latter. The LTB-6x His were purified to 95% purity by affinity chromatography and characterized by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Adjuvant activity of target protein was analyzed by binding ability with GM1 gangliosides. The MW of LTB-6x His expressed in P. pastoris was greater than that in E. coli, which was equal to the expected 11 kDa, possibly resulted from glycosylation by P. pastoris that would enhance the immunogenicity of co-administered antigens. These data demonstrated that P. pastoris producing heterologous LTB has significant advantages in higher expression level and in adjuvant activity compared with the homologous E. coli system.
Social streams recommendation in sina microblog with relation of user and interest (2014)

Social websites like Facebook and Twitter have been growing rapidly in terms of user and content. Users are faced with hundreds of social streams including those they are not interested in. Many studies have focused on recommending topics or discovering news and events to alleviate information overload. In this paper, we have developed a system to recommend Top-N social streams to individual user from his / her real-time social streams in Sina Microblog, the largest microblog system in China. We develop a novel model to define Tie-Strength between two users. We also introduce a new concept named Related-Interest which measures A's interest in B more accurately. We have implemented a content-based recommender system with several algorithms based on these ideas mentioned above. These algorithms are tested by real world users we recruited from onsite application of Sina. Our algorithms outperform a baseline of chronological order and a related study on Twitter.
Effects of Photoperiod and Kind of Supplemental Light on Growth and Reproduction of Several Varieties of Wheat and Barley (1959)

1. Six varieties of wheat and four varieties and two lines of barley were grown on 12- or 16-hour photoperiods, each involving nearly 12 hours of natural light plus sufficient artificial light to complete the treatment. The artificial light was obtained from 40-watt fluorescent lamps or from 100-watt incandescent lamps with white, dark-blue, or ruby-red envelopes. 2. In general, most rapid spike emergence of wheat and awn emergence of barley were obtained on 16-hour photoperiods when white incandescent lamps were used as a source of supplemental light. Slowest spike and awn emergence occurred on 12-hour photoperiods with supplemental light from blue incandescent lamps. The white and ruby-red incandescent lamps were almost equally effective in controlling stem length, number of grains per spike, and weight of grains. The fluorescent lamps, while generally less effective than white or ruby-red incandescent ones, provided better control of the reproductive processes than did the blue incandescent lamps.