gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distance estimation and object location via rings of neighbors (2005)

We consider four problems on distance estimation and object location: low-stretch routing schemes [37], distance labeling [14], searchable small worlds [22], and triangulation-based distance estimation [24]. Focusing on metrics of low doubling dimension, we approach these problems with a common technique called rings of neighbors. Apart from improving the previously known bounds for these problems, our contributions include extending Kleinberg's small world model to doubling metrics, and a short proof of the main result in Chan et al. [9]. Doubling dimension is a combinatorial (non-geometric) notion of dimensionality that has recently become popular in the theoretical computer science literature.A collection of rings of neighbors is a sparse distributed data structure that captures the distance and routing information. The idea is that every node u stores pointers to some nodes called 'neighbors'; these pointers are partitioned into several 'rings', so that for some increasing sequence of balls Bi around u, the neighbors in the i-th ring lie inside Bi; the radii of these balls and the distribution of neighbors in a given ring depend on the specific application. In effect, rings of neighbors represent an overlay network with a certain structure imposed by the balls Bi. Although used implicitly in several contexts, rings of neighbors have not been articulated as a general proof technique.
Iterative design of a holographic beamformer (1989)

A design method is presented for computing the phase functions of an energy efficient system using two holographic elements for converting a Gaussian beam into a uniform beam with rectangular support in the far field of the source. The method is based on a modification of the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm which includes an x-y separability constraint on the phase of one of the holographic elements. A beamforming system was fabricated using this method, and experimental results were obtained which support the design approach.
Circulating platelet-neutrophil complexes are important for subsequent neutrophil activation and migration (2010)

Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that platelets are essential for the migration of eosinophils into the lungs of allergic mice, and that this is dependent on the functional expression of platelet P-selectin. We sought to investigate whether the same is true for nonallergic, acute inflammatory stimuli administered to distinct anatomic compartments. Neutrophil trafficking was induced in two models, namely zymosan-induced peritonitis and LPS-induced lung inflammation, and the platelet dependence of these responses investigated utilizing mice rendered thrombocytopenic. The relative contribution of selectins was also investigated. The results presented herein clearly show that platelet depletion (>90%) significantly inhibits neutrophil recruitment in both models. In addition, we show that P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1, but not P-selectin, is essential for neutrophil recruitment in mice in vivo, thus suggesting the existence of different regulatory mechanisms for the recruitment of leukocyte subsets in response to allergic and nonallergic stimuli. Further studies in human blood demonstrate that low-dose prothrombotic and pro-inflammatory stimuli (CCL17 or CCL22) synergize to induce platelet and neutrophil activation, as well as the formation of platelet-neutrophil conjugates. We conclude that adhesion between platelets and neutrophils in vivo is an important event in acute inflammatory responses. Targeting this interaction may be a successful strategy for inflammatory conditions where current therapy fails to provide adequate treatment.
Postoperative radiotherapy and mitoxantrone for anal sac adenocarcinoma in the dog: 15 cases (1991–2001) (2003)

The medical records of 15 dogs with anal sac adenocarcinoma (ASAC) treated with concurrent curative-intent radiotherapy and mitoxantrone (MX) after surgical removal of the primary tumour were reviewed retrospectively. Radiation was prescribed at 15 daily fractions of 3.2 Gy for a total dose of 48 Gy. MX was given intravenously at a dosage of 5 mg m(-2) every 3 weeks for five treatment sessions. Twelve dogs received pelvic irradiation to include the regional lymph nodes (LNs) and three received radiation only to the perineum. At the time of diagnosis, four dogs were hypercalcaemic and seven dogs presented with regional LN metastasis. All the dogs with regional LN metastasis received pelvic irradiation, and in three cases, metastatic LNs were treated in the macroscopic disease setting. The median event-free survival was 287 days, and the median overall survival was 956 days. Acute and chronic radiation complications were common and non-life threatening, although chronic complications contributed to the decision to euthanize two dogs. The results observed in this retrospective analysis compare favourably with cases of ASAC in the literature related to treatment with surgery and/or chemotherapy.
Paired Filtration Dialysis: Studies on Efficiency, Flow Dynamics and Hydraulic Properties of the System (1990)

Several strategies have been proposed to increase dialysis efficiency in order to reduce dialysis treatment time. Paired filtration dialysis (two-chamber technique) is a new technique combining the advantages of highly permeable membranes and convective transport with the high depurative efficacy of diffusion. The system operates with two units in series (hemofilter + dialyzer) with membranes of polysulfone and hemophan, respectively. A detailed analysis of the hydraulic properties of the system and its possible optimization in terms of depurative efficiency is reported in this paper. In vitro and in vivo tests provided data sufficient to draw some hypotheses on a new utilization of the system. The system appears to be adequate for operating under conditions of high blood flows, however, some limitations were evidenced during our evaluation: the convective component may be insufficient and further increases are impossible because of the limiting effect of the low surface area of the hemofilter; the configuration in which the weight loss is achieved in the hemofilter exposes to the risk of backfiltration in the dialyzer, reducing the benefits of a highly biocompatible system, and the use of acetate in the dialysate and/or lactate in the substitution fluid may interfere with a satisfactory correction of metabolic acidosis. On the basis of our evaluations, some changes can be proposed such as: (1) increased surface area of the hemofilter; (2) use of blood flows higher than 300 ml/min; (3) use of bicarbonate in the dialysate and in the replacement solution; (4) increased convective component with ultrafiltration rates of 50-60 ml/min and full replacement with substitution fluid in between the two filters, and (5) weight loss achieved in the dialyzer with a constantly positive transmembrane pressure. With such a modification of the operative conditions, paired filtration dialysis can be probably applied as a highly efficient dialysis technique in a large number of patients with a significant reduction of dialysis treatment time.
Differential transcription of Xenopus oocyte and somatic-type 5 S genes in a Xenopus oocyte extract. (1987)

We have measured the transcription of Xenopus laevis oocyte and somatic-type 5 S RNA genes in S-150 extracts prepared from ovaries of mature X. laevis females (Glikin, G. C., Ruberti, I., and Worcel, A. (1984) Cell 37, 33-41). We find that somatic-type 5 S genes are transcribed at least 40-fold more efficiently than oocyte-type 5 S genes. Since adenovirus VA, Xenopus OAX, and Xenopus tRNAMet genes are all transcribed at levels similar to that of the somatic-type 5 S gene, this difference reflects a low level of oocyte-type 5 S gene transcription. Somatic-type 5 S transcription is a linear function of somatic-type 5 S DNA concentration and this, together with the efficient transcription of other class III genes, suggests that RNA polymerase III and the general class III transcription factors are not limiting under the conditions used here. Moreover, the 5 S gene-specific transcription factor TFIIIA does not limit transcription under these conditions as preincubation with purified TFIIIA does not alter transcription of either gene, and both genes exhibit characteristic TFIIIA footprints under transcription conditions in the S-150. Somatic-type 5 S DNA incubated in the S-150 and then injected into oocyte nuclei is actively transcribed whereas oocyte-type 5 S DNA treated in the same manner is inactive. We conclude that factors in the S-150 distinguish between somatic and oocyte-type 5 S genes, assembling active complexes preferentially on the former and inactive complexes preferentially on the latter. This process is not explained by binding properties of transcription factors for these genes as currently understood and represents a previously unrecognized mechanism of transcriptional regulation of the Xenopus 5 S genes.
Monitoring the effects of treadmill exercise on bone by non‐invasive means during a progressive fitness programme (1988)

Six Standardbred horses underwent a 14-week training programme on a treadmill. The training schedule consisted of five weeks of slow work of six to 12 km/day at 5 m/sec. This was followed by a nine week interval programme increasing in its intensity so that for the last three weeks the horses did three to four intervals/day from 600 to 1000 m at or above maximum heart rate. Ultrasound velocity through the third metacarpus showed a significant increase as a result of training. There was also a significant increase in modulus of elasticity, but no change in bone mineral content, bone mineral density or compact bone density. A decrease in ultrasound velocity was noted immediately after a session of trotting on the treadmill for 6 km. These changes reflected the potential to alter the viscoelastic properties of cortical bone through treadmill exercise, but did not explain the mechanism involved.
Reaction of Disilylketenes with Organolithiums: New Synthetic Route to Silylacetylene Derivatives (1996)

α,α-Disilylenolates generated in situ from disilylketenes and organolithiums in the presence of HMPA undergo the Peterson-type elimination to give silylacetylene derivatives in moderate to good yields. Geminal disilyl substitution on ketene moiety is crucially important for the successful elimination from the corresponding α,α-disilylenolates.
Developmental expression of S-antigen in fetal human and rat eye (1992)

Development expression of S-antigen and its mRNA in human and rat fetal retina was studied by immunocytochemical and in situ hybridization techniques. Immunocytochemistry indicated that S-antigen was present after 4 months gestation in the fetal human retina. In the rat, S-antigen was detected in the retina only after birth. In situ hybridization studies indicated that the S-antigen mRNA was present at 13 weeks gestational age in the human and at 15 days in the rat embryo. S-antigen mRNA was expressed not only in the retina but also in ocular tissues of neural crest origin in the fetus.
ChemInform Abstract: BENZINDAZOLE‐QUINONES AND NAPHTHISOXAZOLE‐QUINONES FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE (1982)

Abstract Es werden Benzo[e]indazol‐4,9‐chinone (Ia)‐(If) und Naphtho[2,3‐d]‐ isoxazol‐4,9‐chinone (IIIa) und (IIIb) hergestellt.
Insect Survival in Drying Grain1 (1942)

Journal Article Insect Survival in Drying Grain Get access M. D. Farrar, M. D. Farrar Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. H. Reed R. H. Reed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 35, Issue 6, 1 December 1942, Pages 923–928, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/35.6.923 Published: 01 December 1942
Direct Current Dielectrophoretic Characterization of Erythrocytes: Positive ABO Blood Types (2008)

The adaptation of medical diagnostic applications into micrototal analytical systems (μTAS) has the potential to improve the ease, accessibility and rapidity of medical diagnostics. This work adapts direct current dielectrophoresis (DC-DEP) to a medical diagnostic application of sorting blood cells where an insulating obstacle is used to produce a non-uniform electric field. Initial efforts are focused on achieving separation of positive ABO red blood cells. Two dependencies will simultaneously be explored: blood type and blood cell size. Fluorescent polystyrene particles of three different sizes will be tested and compared against the separation and collection of actual blood cells into different sample bins. Further, continuous separation of red blood cells according to blood types and collection into specific bins will be explored. This developed technique is directly applicable for use in a portable device for easy and rapid blood diagnostics.
Multiple Tumor-Associated MicroRNAs Modulate the Survival and Longevity of Dendritic Cells by Targeting YWHAZ and Bcl2 Signaling Pathways (2013)

Tumors use a wide array of immunosuppressive strategies, such as reducing the longevity and survival of dendritic cells (DCs), to diminish immune responses and limit the effect of immunotherapy. In this study, we found that tumors upregulate the expression of multiple microRNAs (miRNAs), such as miR-16-1, miR-22, miR-155, and miR-503. These tumor-associated miRNAs influenced the survival and longevity of DCs by affecting the expression of multiple molecules that are associated with apoptotic signaling pathways. Specifically, miR-22 targeted YWHAZ to interrupt the PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways, and miR-503 downregulated Bcl2 expression. The result of the increased expression of miR-22 and miR-503 in the tumor-associated DCs was their reduced survival and longevity. Thus, tumor-associated miRNAs can target multiple intracellular signaling molecules to cause the apoptosis of DCs in the tumor environment. Use of miR-22 and miR-503 as inhibitors may therefore represent a new strategy to improve DC-based immunotherapies against tumors.
Lipid metabolism in tumorigenesis and adaptation to cancer therapy (2015)

peer reviewed
Aberration measurement of photolithographic lenses using hybrid diffractive photo-masks (2002)

In this paper, we present a method for incorporating diffractive optics on a photomask for aberration characterization. This allows for a manipulation of the incident illumination to the amplitude mask for estimating the aberration coefficients.
Rocket Engine Testing (2011)

The lecture contains an introduction to explain the role and importance of testing within the overall field of space technology. Than the role of testing is described using the example of rocket engine testing. The target and scope of rocket engine testing is explained and the interaction of engine and facility is described. \nThe lecture has a focus on the operational aspects of the rocket engine and the test facility. It starts with a description of a rocket engine (a cryogenic main engine in gg-cycle) and a description of a related test facility including sub-facilities.\n
STUDY OF HYDROGEL MODIFIED DRILLING FLUID: PREPARATION, RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND SWELLING BEHAVIORS OF CHITOSAN N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE HYDROGEL (2012)

Chitosan N-Isopropylacrylamide hydrogels were synthesized by thermal and gamma radiation methods. The thermal method used an initiator and a crosslinker while the gamma radiation process was done in absence of any kind of initiator or crosslinker agent. The study found that the gamma radiation method produced hydrogels with higher water swelling ratio. The rheological properties of the hydrogels used in the preparation of drilling fluids were investigated. Properties such as apparent viscosity, plastic viscosity, gel strength, and yield point were compared with those of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) and Xanthenes (XC) resins, which are widely used in drilling fluids. The hydrogel synthesized by gamma radiation improved rheological properties of drilling fluids better than CMC, XC, and thermal prepared hydrogel. Also, comparison results show that whereas linear polymer effects on mud properties are more significant in low polymer concentration, prepared crosslinked hydrogel effects are more prominent at high concentrations.
Absolute morphometric study of myocardial hypertrophy in experimental hypertension. II. Ultrastructure of myocytes and interstitium. (1978)

The left ventricular myocardium of normal and hypertensive rats has been characterized morphometrically in the endocardial and epicardial zones. Compared to the epicardial regions, the normal endocardial regions contain 30 per cent more myocytes, 27 per cent less interstitial space, 48 per cent less capillary volume, 17 per cent less capillary surface, and the same capillary length per unit tissue volume. In terms of both the relative and absolute volumes and surface areas of their organelles, the cytoplasmic composition of normal endocardial and epicardial myocytes is nearly identical. After 14 weeks of hypertension, induced by constriction of the left renal artery, left ventricular weight is increased by 30 per cent, wall thickness by 42 per cent. The number of myocytes and the total length of capillaries remain constant. The epicardial region enlarged 37 per cent with proportional increases of myocyte and interstitial volumes. In contrast, the endocardial enlargement was only 26 per cent, comprised of 21 per cent hypertrophy of myocytes and a 55 per cent increase in interstitial components. Expansion of capillary lumina accounted for much of the interstitial enlargement throughout the myocardium. Hypertrophy of myocytes is 76 per cent greater in the epicardial region and is accompanied by a reduced mitochondria to myofibril ratio and disproportionately large increases (2- to 3-fold) in both smooth endoplasmic reticulum and T-system volume and surface area. On a cellular basis the absolute morphometric characteristics of myocytes from hypertensive rats are significantly different from normal, and significant differences occur between the inner and outer layers of the myocardium for practically every cytoplasmic component.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclic Nitrones and Oxime Ethers by Chemoselective Allylic Alkylation of Oximes (2020)

The enantio- and chemoselective iridium-catalyzed <i>N</i>- and<i> O</i>-allylation of oximes is described for the first time. Kinetic resolution in an intramolecular setting provides access to cyclic nitrones, oxime ethers and enantioenriched aliphatic allylic alcohols. Salient features of this transformation are its ability to employ <i>E</i>/<i>Z</i>-isomeric mixtures of oxime starting materials convergently, high functional group tolerance, and divergent <i>N</i>- or <i>O</i>-allylation by choice of the reaction conditions. The implementation of <i>N</i>-allylation/1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction cascades furnish tricyclic isoxazolidines in highly enantio- and diastereoselective fashion. Expansion of this approach to the selective allylation of hydrazones allows enantioselective preparation of azomethine imines. The synthetic utility of the approach is demonstrated by the efficient, formal syntheses of glycoprotein GP IIb‐IIIa receptor antagonist (–)-roxifiban and marine natural product (+)-halichlorine.
C/SiC Component & Material Analysis, Attachment Verification, & Blisk Turbopump Testing (1999)

Ceramic composite blisk components constructed of carbon fibers & silicon carbide ceramic matrix have been fabricated and tested. Room and cryogenic torque testing have verified the attachment configuration. The polar and quasi-isotropic blisks have been proof spun, balanced, and tested in the Simplex turbopump. Foreign particle impact analysis was conducted for C/SiC. Data and manufacturing lessons learned are significantly benefiting the development of the Reusable Launch Vehicle's ceramic matrix composite integrally bladed disk.
Optical Generation/Detection of Broadband Microwave Orbital Angular Momentum Modes (2019)

In this article, a novel electrically controlled optical broadband phase shifter (ECO-BPS) is proposed and experimentally investigated for broadband microwave orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode generation. Based on the proposed ECO-BPS and a 17-element circular antenna array, the effect of the phase error on the OAM mode quality is studied by comparing the OAM modes respectively synthesized by three phase schemes: ideal phase shifts, ECO-BPS phase shifts, and optical true time delay phase shifts. In addition, the crosstalk caused by the phase error in applications of OAM modes multiplexing is investigated in a Dammann vortex grating based OAM modes demultiplexing system. All numerical simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of the ECO-BPS in broadband microwave OAM applications.
Mode of action of glucocorticoids (2008)

RECEPTORS: The effect of glucocorticoids is mediated by a receptor mainly found in the cytoplasm. The glucocorticoid receptor is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. RECEPTOR ACTIVATION: When unstimulated, the glucocorticoid receptor is inactivated by its integration within a multiple-protein complex associating heat shock proteins, immunophilins and cyclophilins. When the hormone binds to its receptor, the complex dissociates and the receptor migrates to the nucleus. In the nucleus, the activated receptor provokes an upregulation or downregulation of target gene expression. GENE REGULATION: Gene expression may be regulated via an interaction between specific nucleic acid sequences of the glucocorticoid receptor and nuclear DNA (direct mechanism) or by protein-protein interactions (indirect mechanism). The expression of target genes is either inhibited or stimulated. PHARMACOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES: The main pharmacological applications of glucocorticoids can be explained by these different mechanisms. The antiinflammatory action of glucocorticoids results from an inhibition of the transcription of the collagenase gene via an interaction with the AP-1 transcription factor. The anticancer action of glucocorticoids results from the induction of apoptotic cell death via a mechanism which would require the transcriptional activity of the glucocorticoid receptor.
Rate-Limiting Guanosine 5‘-Triphosphate Hydrolysis during Nucleotide Turnover by FtsZ, a Prokaryotic Tubulin Homologue Involved in Bacterial Cell Division (2003)

FtsZ is a prokaryotic tubulin homologue that polymerizes into a dynamic ring during cell division. GTP binding and hydrolysis provide the energy for FtsZ dynamics. However, the precise role of hydrolysis in polymer assembly and turnover is not understood, limiting our understanding of how FtsZ functions in the cell. Here we investigate GTP hydrolysis during the FtsZ polymerization cycle using several complementary approaches that avoid technical caveats of previous studies. We find that at steady state approximately 80% of FtsZ polymer subunits are bound to GTP. In addition, we use pre-steady-state, single turnover assays to directly measure the rate of hydrolysis. Hydrolysis was found to occur at approximately 8/min and to be a rate-limiting step in GTP turnover; phosphate release rapidly followed. These results clarify previously conflicting results in the literature and suggest that pure FtsZ polymers, unlike microtubules, may not be able to undergo dynamic instability or to store energy in the polymer for force production.
Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Model Core Systems of Lomaiviticins A and B (2006)

Zwei Modellsysteme für die Kernstrukturen der Tumortherapeutika Lomaiviticin A und B wurden mithilfe einer vorübergehend eingebauten Brücke synthetisiert (die Strukturen von Lomaiviticin A und seiner Modellkernstruktur 1 sind gezeigt; BOM=Benzyloxymethyl). Ein Merkmal dieses Ansatzes ist eine stereoselektive Michael-Addition von Dimethylmalonat an ein dimeres Enon.