gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
What Does the History of Research on the Repair of DNA Double-Strand Breaks Tell Us?—A Comprehensive Review of Human Radiosensitivity (2019)

Our understanding of the molecular and cellular response to ionizing radiation (IR) has progressed considerably. This is notably the case for the repair and signaling of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) that, if unrepaired, can result in cell lethality, or if misrepaired, can cause cancer. However, through the different protocols, techniques, and cellular models used during the last four decades, the DSB repair kinetics and the relationship between cellular radiosensitivity and unrepaired DSB has varied drastically, moving from all-or-none phenomena to very complex mechanistic models. To date, personalized medicine has required a reliable evaluation of the IR-induced risks that have become a medical, scientific, and societal issue. However, the molecular bases of the individual response to IR are still unclear: there is a gap between the moderate radiosensitivity frequently observed in clinic but poorly investigated in the publications and the hyper-radiosensitivity of rare but well-characterized genetic diseases frequently cited in the mechanistic models. This paper makes a comprehensive review of semantic issues, correlations between cellular radiosensitivity and unrepaired DSB, shapes of DSB repair curves, and DSB repair biomarkers in order to propose a new vision of the individual response to IR that would be more coherent with clinical reality.
Importance of B7-1-Expressing Host Antigen-Presenting Cells for the Eradication of B7-2 Transfected P815 Tumor Cells (1998)

We have previously shown that B7-2 (CD86)-transfected P815 tumor cells elicit tumor-eradicating immunity that leads to the regression of the B7-2+ P815 tumor after transient growth in normal DBA/2 mice. Here, we show that both the B7-2 and B7-1 (CD80) molecules contribute to the eradication of B7-2+ P815 tumors as treatment of the mice with both anti-B7-2 and anti-B7-1 mAb was required to prevent B7-2+ P815 tumor regression. The cells that expressed the B7-1 molecule following inoculation of B7-2+ P815 tumor cells into normal mice were not the tumor cells but rather host APCs including MAC-1+ cells present in the draining lymph nodes. Moreover, B7-1-expressing host APCs were found to be important for the rejection of B7-2+ P815 tumors as anti-B7-2 mAb alone, which was ineffective in preventing B7-2+ P815 tumor rejection by normal wild-type mice, was effective in preventing B7-2+ P815 tumor rejection by mice in which the B7-1 gene was disrupted. Finally, consistent with the importance of B7-1-expressing host APCs for the generation of tumor-eradicating immunity against B7-2+ P815 tumor cells, CD4+ T cells (not only CD8+ T cells) were found to participate in tumor-eradicating immunity against B7-2+ P815 tumor cells. Thus, in addition to eliciting tumor-eradicating immunity directly, B7-2+ P815 tumor cells elicit tumor-eradicating immunity indirectly through B7-1-expressing host APCs that present tumor-associated Ags to CD4+ T cells.
Similarity Coefficients for Binary Chemoinformatics Data: Overview and Extended Comparison Using Simulated and Real Data Sets (2012)

This paper reports an analysis and comparison of the use of 51 different similarity coefficients for computing the similarities between binary fingerprints for both simulated and real chemical data sets. Five pairs and a triplet of coefficients were found to yield identical similarity values, leading to the elimination of seven of the coefficients. The remaining 44 coefficients were then compared in two ways: by their theoretical characteristics using simple descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, multidimensional scaling, Hasse diagrams, and the recently described atemporal target diffusion model; and by their effectiveness for similarity-based virtual screening using MDDR, WOMBAT, and MUV data. The comparisons demonstrate the general utility of the well-known Tanimoto method but also suggest other coefficients that may be worthy of further attention.
Property Variations due to Sintering of Bi<SUB>2</SUB>Te<SUB>3</SUB> Thermoelements made by Powder Metallurgy (1967)

The effects of sintering temperature and time upon the thermoelectric properties of elements made from Bi2Te3 and its alloys by a powder metallurgical method have been studied and the mechanism of their property variations investigated.Pressed elements from Bi2Te3 and its alloys were sintered in evacuated glass ampoules at various temperatures ranging from room temperature to those just below melting points, and their thermoelectric power α and specific resistivity ρ were measured. Besides, the Hall coefficient of some samples was measured, from which the variations in carrier concentration and carrier mobility with sintering temperature were calculated.The result of experiments showed that properties changed roughly over three stages, that is, on sintering at temperature below 200°C at which cohesion of particles did not begin, a decrease in donors was observed. Between 200°C and 450°C, with cohesion of particles, a remarkable increase in donors was revealed. Then, above 450°C, the introduction of acceptors was observed. The increase in donors below 200°C relates to the extinction of lattice defects that occur at the time of powder production and compacting, and the activation energy for such extinction was found to be 1.2 eV. The increase in donors between 200°C and 450°C with increase in temperature is due to secondary defects that occur during cohesion of particles. In samples of low hole concentrations, the change from the P type to the N type conduction took place. The activation energy for the change was found to be 2.2 eV. From measurements of the weight loss during sintering, it has been clarified that the introduction of acceptors relates to the evaporation of Te.
A Magnesium Optical Clock (2007)

Summary form only given. We investigated a novel method which is based on a coherent two photon-process which provides higher velocity selectivity. The method extends standard Doppler cooling based on the transition 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> rarr 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> by coupling the excited state with an additional laser to the <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> D <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> level. This gives the possibility to modify the population in the intermediate state 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> and thus the mechanical light force, which in our experiments is actually dominated by the photons of the strong cooling transition.
Characterization of a t(1;19) pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell line which proliferates in response to IL-7. (1993)

The present study describes the establishment of the cell line Pre-Alp from the bone marrow of a pediatric patient with a t(1;19) pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) at diagnosis. Proliferation of leukemic blasts was found to be initially dependent on the presence of autologous stromal cells. However, after five weeks of culture, the stromal cells were no longer necessary and cells began to grow autonomously, with a doubling time of approximately 24 hours. The established Pre-Alp cell line displays a pre-B cell phenotype (CD19+, CD10+, CD34-, c mu+, s mu-), with immunoglobulin (Ig) light chain DNA in germline configuration, and carries a (1;19)(p23;q13.3) chromosomal translocation identical to the freshly-isolated leukemic blasts. A unique feature of this cell line is represented by its ability to respond to interleukin 7 (IL-7). Thus, IL-7 enhances 3H-thymidine uptake by Pre-Alp cells in a dose-dependent manner, under conditions of low cell density and serum concentration, and increases cell recovery. Finally, Pre-Alp cells were found to remain at a pre-B stage even upon addition of various cytokines, which failed to induce a transition to surface Ig+ cells. The presently described cell line should constitute a useful model of t(1;19) pre-B ALL and permit the study of IL-7 dependent signal transduction in human pre-B cells.
BRDF Acquisition with Basis Illumination (2007)

Realistic descriptions of surface reflectance have long been a topic of interest in both computer vision and computer graphics research. In this paper, we describe a novel and fast approach for the acquisition of bidirectional reflectance distribution functions (BRDFs). We develop a novel theory for directly measuring BRDFs in a basis representation by projecting incident light as a sequence of basis functions from a spherical zone of directions. We derive an orthonormal basis over spherical zones that is ideally suited for this task. BRDF values outside the zonal directions are extrapolated by re-projecting the zonal measurements into a spherical harmonics basis, or by fitting analytical reflection models to the data. We verify this approach with a compact optical setup that requires no moving parts and only a small number of image measurements. Using this approach, a BRDF can be measured in just a few minutes.
Heavy‐Ion Elemental Abundances in Large Solar Energetic Particle Events and Their Implications for the Seed Population (2006)

We have surveyed the $0.1-10MeV nucleon À1 abundances of heavy ions from 3 He through Fe in 64 large solar energetic particle (LSEP) events observed on board the Advanced Composition Explorer from 1997 November through 2005 January.Our main results are (1) the 0.5-2.0MeV nucleon À1 3 He/ 4 He ratio is enhanced between factors of $2-150 over the solar wind value in 29 ($46%) events.(2) The Fe/O ratio in most LSEP events decreases with increasing energy up to $60 MeV nucleon À1 .(3) The Fe/O ratio is independent of CME speed, flare longitude, event size, the 3 He/ 4 He ratio, the pre-event Fe/O ratio, and solar activity.(4) The LSEP abundances exhibit unsystematic behavior as a function of M/Q ratio when compared with average solar wind values.( 5) The survey-averaged abundances are enhanced with increasing M/Q ratio when compared with quiet coronal values and with average gradual SEP abundances obtained at 5-12 MeV nucleon À1 .(6) The event-to-event variations in LSEP events are remarkably similar to those seen in CME-driven IP shocks and in 3 He-rich SEP events.The above results cannot be explained by simply invoking the current paradigm for large gradual SEP events, i.e., that CME-driven shocks accelerate a seed population dominated by ambient coronal or solar wind ions.Instead, we suggest that the systematic M/Q-dependent enhancements in LSEP events are an inherent property of a highly variable suprathermal seed population, most of which is accelerated by mechanisms that produce heavy-ion abundances similar to those observed in impulsive SEP events.This heavy-ion-enriched material is subsequently accelerated at CME-driven shocks near the Sun by processes in which ions with higher M/Q ratios are accelerated less efficiently, thus causing the Fe/O ratios to decrease with increasing energy.
Automatic vessel segmentation using active contours in cine phase contrast flow measurements (1999)

The segmentation of images obtained by cine magnetic resonance (MR) phase contrast velocity mapping using manual or semi-automated methods is a time consuming and observer-dependent process that still hampers the use of flow quantification in a clinical setting. A fully automatic segmentation method based on active contour model algorithms for defining vessel boundaries has been developed. For segmentation, the phase image, in addition to the magnitude image, is used to address image distortions frequently seen in the magnitude image of disturbed flow fields. A modified definition for the active contour model is introduced to reduce the influence of missing or spurious edge information of the vessel wall. The method was evaluated on flow phantom data and on in vivo images acquired in the ascending aorta of humans. Phantom experiments resulted in an error of 0.8% in assessing the luminal area of a flow phantom equipped with an artificial heart valve. Blinded evaluation of the volume flow rates from automatic vs. manual segmentation of gradient echo (FFE) phase contrast images obtained in vivo resulted in a mean difference of −0.9 ± 3%. The mean difference from automatic vs. manual segmentation of images acquired with a hybrid phase contrast sequence (TFEPI) within a single breath-hold was −0.9 ± 6%.J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1999;10:41–51. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Sequential Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions of 4‐Halopyrazolyl MIDA 3‐Boronates: A Modular Synthetic Entry to 3,4‐Bis(hetero)aromatic Pyrazoles. (2012)

Abstract A rapid access to 4‐halopyrazole‐3‐boronates (V) proceeds via cycloaddition of sydnones (I) with terminal alkynyl boronate (II) followed by C‐4 halogenation.
Dimension Reduction: A Guided Tour (2009)

We give a tutorial overview of several foundational methods for dimension reduction. We divide the methods into projective methods and methods that model the manifold on which the data lies. For projective methods, we review projection pursuit, principal component analysis (PCA), kernel PCA, probabilistic PCA, canonical correlation analysis (CCA), kernel CCA, Fisher discriminant analysis, oriented PCA, and several techniques for sufficient dimension reduction. For the manifold methods, we review multidimensional scaling (MDS), landmark MDS, Isomap, locally linear embedding, Laplacian eigenmaps, and spectral clustering. Although the review focuses on foundations, we also provide pointers to some more modern techniques. We also describe the correlation dimension as one method for estimating the intrinsic dimension, and we point out that the notion of dimension can be a scale-dependent quantity. The Nyström method, which links several of the manifold algorithms, is also reviewed. We use a publicly available dataset to illustrate some of the methods. The goal is to provide a self-contained overview of key concepts underlying many of these algorithms, and to give pointers for further reading.
ROS Scavenging and Anti-Wrinkle Effects of Clitocybin A Isolated from the Mycelium of the Mushroom Clitocybe aurantiaca (2017)

Clitocybin A, an isoindolinone from <i>Clitocybe aurantiaca</i>, was investigated to assess its anti-wrinkle properties, through reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging and elastase inhibitory activities, procollagen synthesis, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression, in human primary dermal fibroblast-neonatal (HDF-N) cells. Clitocybin A exhibited no significant cytotoxicity up to 10 ppm in HDF-N cells, with cell viability and cell proliferation activity greater than 94.6% and 91.9%, respectively. Strong and concentration-dependent ROS radical scavenging activities of clitocybin A were observed following irradiation with UVB at 30 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>. Furthermore, clitocybin A treatment of cells at 0.1, 1, and 10 ppm exhibited decreased elastase activity, in a concentration-dependent manner, by 1.97%, 6.6%, and 8.31%, respectively, versus the control group. The effects of clitocybin A on procollagen synthesis and MMP-1 expression were investigated. Clitocybin A treatment of cells at 1, 5, and 10 ppm increased procollagen synthesis, by 67.9%, 74.4%, and 112.9%, respectively, versus the control group. At these concentrations, MMP-1 expression decreased significantly following UV irradiation. Together, these findings suggest that clitocybin A may be an effective ingredient for use in anti-wrinkle cosmetic products.
Development of new surgical treatments in spinal surgery: expansive open-door laminoplasty and percutaneous nucleotomy. (2001)

The outstanding achievements of two renowned spine surgeons, who are alumni of the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University, are described. Anterior decompression followed by fusion and laminectomy had been the standard techniques for cervical myelopathy due to disc herniation, spondylosis and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. However, both techniques were not without certain comorbidities. Dr. Kiyoshi Hirabayashi devised an epoch-making expansive open-door laminoplasty, in which both sufficient posterior decompression and preservation of cervical stability are achieved simultaneously with reduced risk of such complications. Dr. Sadahisa Hijikata is the pioneer of a totally new concept treatment, percutaneous nucleotomy, for lumbar disc herniation, one of the most prevailing diseases that cause low back pain and sciatica. He devised this technique to avoid prolonged conservative treatment with associated suffering of the patients and to minimize the chance of morbidity that is occasionally associated with an open surgery. This technique, together with chemonucleolysis, has led to the establishment of intradical or intermediate treatments which lie between conservative and surgical treatments. Both techniques have not only brought the relief of pain and suffering in numerous patients, but have also opened the door to the development of many new modified procedures and technologies. Most importantly, these two techniques still remain as the most viable choice among various similar modifications. The rationale, indictions, technique as well as the present status and future perspective for these two innovative yet fundamental techniques are introduced and discussed.
Bounding the mean response time of the minimum expected delay routing policy: an algorithmic approach (1995)

Balancing loads in a multi-server system can have a significant impact on performance. In this paper, we model such a system as a heterogeneous multi-server queueing system. We study the behavior of such a system operating under the minimum expected delay (MED) routing policy, i.e., an arriving customer is assigned to the queue which has the minimal expected value of unfinished work. This routing discipline can be viewed as a generalization of the join-the-shortest queue (SQ) discipline for homogeneous servers. There is no closed-form solution for this class of queueing problem. In this paper, we provide a methodology to compute upper and lower bounds on the mean response time of the system. This methodology allows one to tradeoff the tightness of the bounds and computational cost. Applications and numerical examples are presented which show how to use this methodology for deriving performance measures and also illustrating that the excellent accuracy of the computational algorithm which is achievable with modest computational cost.
Speech Analysis-Synthesis System Based on Homomorphic Filtering (1969)

A digital speech analysis-synthesis system based on a recently proposed approach to the deconvolution of speech is presented. The analyzer is based on a computation of the cepstrum considered as the inverse Fourier transform of the log magnitude of the Fourier transform. The transmitted parameters represent pitch and voiced unvoiced information and the low-time portion of the cepstrum representing an approximation to the cepstrum of the vocal-tract impulse response. In the synthesis, the low-time cepstral information is transformed to an impulse response function, which is then convolved with a train of impulses during voiced portions or a noise waveform during unvoiced portions to reconstruct the speech. Since no phase information is retained in the analysis, phase must be regenerated during synthesis. Either a zero-phase or minimum-phase characteristic can be obtained by simple weighting of the cepstrum before transformation.
ChemInform Abstract: COBALT‐CATALYZED CARBONYLATION OF OPTICALLY ACTIVE AND α‐DEUTERATED PHENETHYL HALIDES (1983)

Abstract Die Carbonylierung der optisch aktiven α‐Phenethylhalogenide (I) in Gegenwart von 50 %iger Kalilauge und Dicobaltoctacarbonyl als Katalysator liefert unter Phasentransfer‐Bedingungen Hydratropasäure mit der entgegengesetzten optischen Konfiguration.
Improvement of Softening and Melting-down Properties of Iron Ore Pellets by means of Two-layered Structure (1982)

The liquid phase formation process and its effect on softening and melting-down properties were investigated in a synthetic quinary MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-CaO-iron oxide (or metallic Fe) system.The increase in CaO/SiO2, MgO and also in T.Fe was found to be effective to improve the softening properties at the wustite reduction stage by increasing solidus temperatures and by reducing amount of liquid developed at solidus temperature, respectively. Even at reduction stage of metallic iron, where network of iron sustains the deformation stress, liquid formation in coexisting silicate phase was also found to affect the softening and melting-down behavior due to subsequent increase in mobility of iron atoms.Utilizing the topochemical nature of the reduction of iron ore pellet, softening and melting-down properties were found to be improved significantly by means of two-layered structure, where chemical compositions of the core and the shell parts are chosen to have as high solidus temperatures and also as little amount of liquid developed at the solidus temperature as possible at the reduction stage of wustite and metallic iron, respectively.
Effects of Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate on Calcium-Regulating Hormones, Plasma and Urinary Electrolytes in Healthy Horses (2021)

Abstract Intravenous magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4 ) is used in equine practice to treat hypomagnesemia, dysrhythmias, neurological disorders, and calcium dysregulation. MgSO 4 is also used as a calming agent in equestrian events. Hypercalcemia affects calcium-regulating hormones, as well as plasma and urinary electrolytes; however, the effect of hypermagnesemia on these variables is unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of hypermagnesemia on blood parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin (CT), ionized calcium (Ca 2+ ), ionized magnesium (Mg 2+ ), sodium (Na + ), potassium (K + ), chloride (Cl - ) and their urinary fractional excretion (F) after intravenous administration of MgSO 4 in healthy horses. Twelve healthy female horses of 4-18 years of age and 432-600 kg of body weight received a single intravenous dose of MgSO 4 (60 mg/kg) over 5 minutes, and blood and urine samples were collected at different time points over 360 minutes. Plasma Mg 2+ concentrations increased 3.7-fold over baseline values at 5 minutes and remained elevated for 120 minutes (P < 0.05), Ca 2+ concentrations decreased from 30-60 minutes (P < 0.05), but Na + , K + and Cl - concentrations did not change. Serum PTH concentrations dropped initially to rebound and remain elevated from 30 to 60 minutes, while CT concentrations increased at 5 minutes to return to baseline by 10 minutes (P < 0.05). The FMg, FCa, FNa, FK, and FCl increased, while urine osmolality decreased from 30-60 minutes compared baseline (P < 0.05). Experimental hypermagnesemia alters calcium-regulating hormones (PTH, CT), reduces plasma Ca 2+ concentrations, and increases the urinary excretion of Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , K + , Na + and Cl - in healthy horses. This information has clinical implications on the short-term effects of hypermagnesemia on calcium-regulating hormones as well as plasma and urine electrolytes.
A CASE OF PLATELET TRANSFUSION-RELATED SERRATIA MARCESCENS SEPSIS (1985)

Lierde, Stefaan Van M.D.; Fleisher, Gary R. M.D.; Plotkin, Stanley A. M.D.; Campos, Joseph M. Ph.D. Author Information