gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Ca Channel Blockers on Ca Transport and Ca ATPase in Skeletal and Cardiac Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Vesicles (1982)

Several Ca channel blockers--verapamil, nifedipine, nimodipine (Bay e 9736), and nitrendipine (Bay e 5009)--had different effects on Ca transport by sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles from either skeletal or cardiac muscle. Both nimodipine and nitrendipine (1 X 10(-4) M) stimulated Ca sequestration in the absence of a Ca-precipitating anion by either cardiac or skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), with nitrendipine being the more potent stimulator. Nifedipine (1 X 10(-4)M) had no significant effect, whereas at higher concentrations (3 X 10(-3) M) verapamil inhibited the Ca sequestration reaction. Nitrendipine stimulated Ca ATPase and Ca sequestration to a similar extent. Stimulation of Ca sequestration by nitrendipine was dependent on drug/membrane phospholipid mole ratios of between 1:4 and 3:1, as well as absolute drug concentration thus suggesting an interaction of the drug with membrane phospholipids. Nifedipine, nitrendipine, nimodipine, and verapamil (1 X 10(-4)M) had no effect on phosphate-supported Ca uptake by skeletal SR, whereas higher concentrations of verapamil (3 X 10(-3)M) inhibited this reaction by either cardiac or skeletal SR. The results of this study suggest that (a) Ca channel blockers have complex and variable effects on SR membranes, (b) these effects are similar in cardiac and skeletal SR, and (c) the effects are in part mediated through an interaction with membrane phospholipids or hydrophobic portions of the Ca ATPase.
Best modeling methods: turn lost production into profit -- discrete event simulation applied on resetting performance in manufacturing systems (2002)

World-class utilization of manufacturing resources is of vital importance to any manufacturing enterprise in the global competition of today. This requirement calls for superior performance of all processes related to the manufacturing of products. One of these processes is the resetting of machinery and equipment between two product runs, which will be the focus area of this text. This paper examines to what extent Discrete Event Simulation (DES) can be applied to the evaluation of resetting performance in manufacturing systems. For this purpose, a DES model of a factory unit in Sweden is used for the research trials, derived from real manufacturing situations. During the case study, DES has shown to be a potential tool for the evaluation of resetting processes. The results from the simulation runs provided valuable information for improvement initiatives. Among other findings a solution is proposed, that turns losses into profit.
Controllable Emotion Transfer For End-to-End Speech Synthesis (2020)

Emotion embedding space learned from references is a straightforward approach for emotion transfer in encoder-decoder structured emotional text to speech (TTS) systems. However, the transferred emotion in the synthetic speech is not accurate and expressive enough with emotion category confusions. Moreover, it is hard to select an appropriate reference to deliver desired emotion strength. To solve these problems, we propose a novel approach based on Tacotron. First, we plug two emotion classifiers -- one after the reference encoder, one after the decoder output -- to enhance the emotion-discriminative ability of the emotion embedding and the predicted mel-spectrum. Second, we adopt style loss to measure the difference between the generated and reference mel-spectrum. The emotion strength in the synthetic speech can be controlled by adjusting the value of the emotion embedding as the emotion embedding can be viewed as the feature map of the mel-spectrum. Experiments on emotion transfer and strength control have shown that the synthetic speech of the proposed method is more accurate and expressive with less emotion category confusions and the control of emotion strength is more salient to listeners.
Improving models of wood density by includinggenetic effects: A case study in Douglas-fir (2001)

Many models have been published for relating wood characteristics, such as wood density, to growth traits. At a tree population level, ring density is known to be significantly correlated with cambial age and ring width. However, at the individual tree level, the predictive value of models based on this relationship is usually poor, as there is an important, so-called "tree effect" in the residuals of such models. We hypothesise that this effect arises from within population genetic variability, and have tested this hypothesis by adjusting linear models for Douglas-fir populations with different levels of genetic variability, ranging from provenances to clones. The addition of a genetic effect significantly increased the predictive value of the model and decreased the residuals. At the clone level, for example, inclusion of the genetic effect increased the explained variance (adjusted R 2 value) from 20% to 54%. It is suggested that most of the observed variability in the wood density/growth relationship of Douglas-fir populations has a genetic origin.
The immunosuppressive mini‐domain of human lactoferrin (1995)

It has been found that the disulphide-bridged 231-245 pentadecapeptide loop of the lactoferrin (LF) N-lobe contains a region of immunosuppressive activity. The activity resides within a thymopentin-like sequence (Arg-Lys-Pro-Val-Asp) of the loop. Peptides related to the 575-589 loop of the LF C-lobe differ in their immunomodulatory activity from those related to the 231-245 loop. We ascribe this difference to the replacement of the Asp residue in the 231-245 loop by Thr in the 575-589 loop. Two other fragments of LF which were studied, 27-34 and 309-315, do not manifest any activity in the DTH test (cellular immune response), but, on testing in vivo, stimulate the humoral immune response. The 27-34 fragment is related to the bactericidal and immunostimulative region of LF identified by Bellamy et al. [1]. Our results show that the LF molecule contains, not only the known immunostimulating mini-domain, but also a region endowed with immunosuppressive activity.
Orthogonal Synthesis of Densely Functionalized Pyrroles and Thiophenes from the Reactions of Imidazo[1,5-<i>a</i>]pyridine Carbene-Derived Zwitterions with Electron-Deficient Alkynes (2010)

1-Thiocarbamoyl imidazo[1,5-a]pyridinium inner salts, which were obtained readily from the addition of C,N-substituted heterocyclic carbenes imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-1-ylidenes to isothiocyanates, are powerful ambident nucleophilic zwitterions. They acted as nitrogen nucleophiles toward ethyl propiolate to produce polyfunctionalized pyrrole derivatives in high yields. When treated with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, they behaved exclusively as sulfur nucleophiles to afford fully substituted thiophenes in excellent yields. This work provides highly efficient orthogonal synthesis of polyfunctionalized pyrroles and thiophenes that were not easily obtained by other chemical means.
Introduction to Electrical Engineering (2001)

PART I: ELECTRIC CIRCUITS PART II: ELECTRONIC ANALOG AND DIGITAL SYSTEMS PART III: ENERGY SYSTEMS PART IV: INFORMATION SYSTEMS PART V: CONTROL SYSTEMS
BIRMINGHAM MAGLEV OFF TO FLYING START (1984)

The world's first regular train service driven by magnetic levitation opens in April: it will run at 40 km/h, a fraction of the speed record for these systems, but could herald a new era of high/speed transport.
STIRLING ENGINE. CAN MONEY MAKE IT WORK (1980)

Following a history of the Stirling engine, the Department of Energy (DOE)-sponsored program to develop this engine into a fuel-efficient, economical replacement for the internal combustion (IC) engine is described. Present development work is part of a DOE automotive heat-engine program begun in 1978 in which both Stirling and gas turbine engines are being considered. Both engines are to have the following capabilities: fuel economy at least 30% better than a production IC engine of the same class and performance, emission levels meeting or exceeding the most stringent standards, and use of fuels derived from petroleum as well as coal and other sources. Secondary objectives require that the Stirling-powered vehicle have reliability, life-span, cost, acceleration, noise, and safety features comparable to those of IC-powered cars. The Stirling program is being conducted by Mechanical Technology Inc., United Stirling of Sweden (USS), and AM General (a subsidiary of American Motors Corporation. The first of three program phases involves the establishment of a data base through a technology review and extensive testing of existing Stirling engines. Phase 2 is to result in an operational engine with improved power density and performance by 1982, when design of a second engine will begin; in 1984, the engine will be mated to a vehicle meeting program specifications. The final step will be to transfer the technology to a U.S. manufacturer for mass production. Separate sections illustrate and explain the basic Stirling cycle; the Stirling seal problem; the P-40 engine from USS, the baseline for the automotive program; and the four-cylinder Rinia engine. Another separate note outlines the advantages and the remaining design problems of the Stirling engine.
Structure-function relationships of proteinase inhibitors from soybean (Bowman-Birk) and lima bean (1979)

Contributions of tyrosyl residues to trypsin-and chymotrypsin-inhibitory activities in two homologous proteinase inhibitors were investigated by modifying them with N-acetylimidazole under various conditions. The acetylation of Tyr 55 is accompanied by 60% loss in antichymotryptic activity. Deacetylation with hydroxylamine restores the activity to the original level. The acetylation of Tyr 69 parallels decrease in antitryptic activity. The inhibitor acetylated at Tyr 69 is fully active toward chymotrypsin and has 30 to 40% antitryptic activity of the native. The original level of antitryptic activity is restored upon deacetylation. The acetylated only 29% (acetylated without guanidine hydrochloride) and 17% (acetylated with guanidine hydrochloride) of the original antitryptic activity. Deacetylation partially restores the lost antitryptic activity in the inhibitor acetylated without the denaturing agent. The total and irreversible loss of antitryptic activity in samples acetylated in the presence of 8 m urea or 6 m guanidine hydrochloride is attributed to the acetylation at the epsilon-amino group of Lys 26 at the trypsin-inhibitory site.
Research on Tangible Acoustic Interface and Its Applications (2013)

Tangible acoustic interface has potential to become a high value approach for interaction due to its inexpensive and easy-to-implement characteristics. The signal captured by acoustic sensors contains large amount of information, which can be applied to several fields, such as gesture detection, music installations and information transmission. Three major techniques for developing tangible acoustic interfaces are acoustic holography, time delay of arrival and location pattern matching. In this article, we describe each of these techniques, making an overview of their pros and cons, and discuss about the future research of tangible acoustic interface.
Extension of lasing wavelengths beyond 0.87 μm in GaAs/Al<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>As double-heterostructure lasers by In incorporation in the GaAs active layers during molecular beam epitaxy (1981)

We demonstrate that the lasing wavelengths of GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs double-heterostructure (DH) lasers can be extended beyond 0.87–0.94 μm without significant increase in the current threshold by incorporating In into the GaAs active layer during molecular beam epitaxy. This shift permits the benefits of reduced optical fiber loss and wavelength multiplexing with 0.83 μm and using the same fibers. A reduction in averaged current-threshold density (from 800 to 700 A/cm2) was obtained in those InGaAs/AlGaAs DH lasers that have the InGaAs active layer exactly lattice-matched to the AlGaAs cladding layers. As a result of the stress relief at the lattice-matched InGaAs/AlGaAs interfaces of these DH lasers, it may be possible to improve the reliability of the lasers operating at 0.88 μm.
How multimedia workloads will change processor design (1997)

Workloads drive architecture design and will change in the next two decades. For high-performance, general-purpose processors, there is a consensus that multimedia will continue to grow in importance. The authors predict these processors will incorporate more media processing capabilities, eventually bringing about the demise of specialized media processors, except perhaps, in embedded applications. These enhanced general-purpose processor capabilities will arise from multimedia applications that require real-time response, continuous-media data types and significant fine-grained data parallelism.
Systematic Isotropy Analysis of Caster Wheeled Mobile Robots with Steering Link Offset Different from Wheel Radius (2007)

Previous isotropy analysis of a caster wheeled omnidirectional mobile robot (COMR) has been made under the assumption that the steering link offset is equal to the caster wheel radius. Nevertheless, many practical COMRs in use take advantage of the steering link offset different from the wheel radius. This paper presents a systematic isotropy analysis of a fully actuated COMR with variable steering link offset, which can be considered as the generalization of the previous analysis. First, with the characteristic length introduced, the kinematic model of a COMR is obtained based on the orthogonal decomposition of the wheel velocities. Second, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the isotropy of a COMR are examined to categorize three different groups, each of which can be dealt with in a similar way. Third, the isotropy conditions are further explored to identify four different sets of all possible isotropic configurations. Fourth, the expressions of the isotropic characteristic length required for the isotropy of a COMR are obtained.
Parallel placement on reduced array architecture (1988)

The authors present a hardware accelerator for a module placement algorithm based on the divide-and-conquer paradigm. They consider a partitioning algorithm for the approximate solution of a large placement problem. This algorithm divides the set of logic modules into small clusters and generates an optimal placement for each cluster. Finally, in a pasting step, the algorithm combines the optimal solutions for the smaller problems into a near-optimal solution for the original placement problem. The algorithm lends itself very naturally to a parallel realization, and maps nicely onto an SIMD (single-instruction, multiple data-stream) organization. Considerations such as cost-effectiveness and suitability to VLSI implementation led to the selection of the reduced array architecture as the target architecture for the placement accelerator. >
Efficient High Availability Commit Processing (2008)

Distributed transaction systems require an atomic commitment protocol to preserve ACID properties. A commit protocol should add as little overhead as possible to avoid hampering performance. In this paper, dynamic coordinators are introduced. In main memory primary-backup systems, the approach significantly reduces the time spent during commit processing. The performance of such protocols must be properly evaluated to give system developers the information needed to make an educated choice between them. Thus, simulation results, verified by statistical analysis, are presented. The simulation results show that the performance can be significantly boosted by using optimizations and protocols especially designed for high availability main memory systems.
Self-image Congruence: An Evaluation of the Impact on Travel Choice and Behaviour (2006)

The importance of self-image, or product, congruence is well established and has been demonstrated in a range of purchase contexts. In leisure activities, the importance of self-image congruity has been previously established but there has been limited research that has addressed the importance with the broad tourism context. As part of a larger survey on tourism and vacation activities, this research collected data on the relationship between self-image congruence, vacation style, vacation activities and souvenir purchase. Data was collected through an on-line survey with over 3000 useable responses. Preliminary analysis indicates a strong correlation, in particular between ideal and social self-image, and behaviour. These findings would support previous research in the leisure industry.
An Echo Canceller for DVB-T/H On-Channel Repeaters (2007)

This paper investigates the design and performance of an FIR echo canceller for on channel repeaters in DVB-T/H network within the framework of the PLUTO project. The possible approaches for echo cancellation are briefly reviewed and the main guidelines for the design of such systems are presented. The main system parameters are discussed. The performance of a FIR echo canceller based on an open loop approach for channel estimation is tested for different radio channel conditions and for different number of taps of the FIR filter. It is shown that a minimum number of taps is recommended to achieve a certain mean rejection ratio or isolation depending on the type of channel. The expected degradation in performance due to the use of fixed point rather than floating point arithmetic in hardware implementation is presented for different number of bits.
Effects of frequency chirp in a directly modulated multi-longitudinal mode laser diode using time domain modeling with random noise fluctuations (2003)

With the advantage of relative low-cost, multi-longitudinal Fabry-Perot laser diodes are widely used in optical communication system. However, the multi-mode characteristics such as multi-mode excitation and mode competition limit the speed or the distance in transmission. Therefore it is necessary to develop a model to understand how the various parameters influence the multi-mode characteristics. In the time domain model, the output fields are given by the convolution of input fields and impulse response of the gain filter. The frequency-dependence gain is modeled using a second order Lorentzian digital filter and the phase shift term caused by changes in carrier density is multiplied to the amplitude gain. To find an effective refractive index and a confinement factor that depend on the structure of a laser diode in a section, we used the effective index method. Also the change of the effective refractive index in each section by the variation of carrier density is considered. We simulated 622 Mbps 1010100100-sequence pulse train of a multi-longitudinal laser diode.
Technology of hybrid integration of silicon MEMS and CMOS structures using polymer (2008)

Design and manufacturing of modern microdevices, containing various sensors/actuators and microelectronic control units require integration of the devices made of various materials and fabricated using various technologies. Integration process is a key issue for MEMS/MOEMS structures as well as integrated heterogeneous systems combining opto-electronic and/or microwave circuits. Nowadays, integration of microdevices can be performed using three methods: - integration during MEMS/CMOS manufacturing steps - final integration of the wafers with MEMS/CMOS components - hybrid version, where integration of the chips with MEMS/CMOS components is performed In this paper we describe a process flow and manufacturing technology of electrical and mechanical integration of various chips in one functional structure using polymer. Proposed construction allows for connecting IC electronics, microsystems, microfluidics and microoptics chips using combined, hybrid polymersilicon technology. Described integration technology requires chip thinning down to 50 micrometer. Thinning of the chips is performed using combined mechanical and chemical polishing.
A Novel Grid Based Dynamic Energy Efficient Routing Approach for Highly Dense Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (2013)

A research work without considering the power constraint cannot be conceded a fine contribution towards Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET).As MANET comes into action for some special purpose, but its fugacity sometimes result degrades in network performance.Although the many prominent features of MANET like mobility, dynamic change in topology, multi radio relaying, quickly lay down the network without depending upon fixed infrastructures and many more provides tremendous flexibilities for the end user but challenges like limited power constraint, reliable data communication, band width utilization , network performance and throughput are still needed to be handle very sensibly.As limited battery power and inefficient routing protocol mechanism are high prone to network partition, in such case the network needs to be established more than once.Because communication establishment involves many costly operations like route discovery and route maintenance.The more the network partition the more the packet drops and packet loss which indeed requires a number of retransmission of packets, consuming network bandwidth as well as depleting battery power of individual nodes with a higher rate, which are the major destructive elements in network performance degradation as well as the major cause of reducing individual node's life time and network life time.So with all caveat in mind, we have proposed a novel Grid Based Dynamic Energy Efficient Routing (GBDEER) approach which is aimed to construct an energy efficient path from source to destination based on grid area, where each grid will have three deferent levels of transmission power.Every grid will have its own grid supervisor node who will take the responsibility during data communication, especially when the data is been passed through that specific grid.And keeping the dynamic nature of MANET in mind, we have also provide the feature of grid subordinate node, who will take the place of grid supervisor in case the supervisor is moving out of the grid area or running out of energy from certain threshold level.So we our proposed method not only establishes an energy efficient path but also concerned a dedicated path which can be used for data communication for a long period of time without any network partition.Hence this approach will be less prone to all those problems mentions above by the incorporating an efficient mobility handling mechanism.
Investigation of the Anti-inflammatory Activity of <i>Acacia nilotica</i> and <i>Hibiscus sabdariffa</i> (1996)

The aqueous extracts of Acacia nilotica and Hibiscus sabdariffa were tested for anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities in animal models. Acacia nilotica extract had an inhibitory effect on carrageenan induced paw edema and yeast-induced pyrexia in rats. It also produced a significant increase in the hot plate reaction time in mice. Hibiscus sabdariffa extract had no effect on paw edema but had an inhibitory effect on yeast induced pyrexia and a significant effect on the hot plate reaction time. Among the phytoconstituents found in both plants, flavanoids, polysaccharides and organic acids may be mainly responsible for their pharmacological activities.
PlateDesigner: a web-based application for the design of microplate experiments (2018)

PlateDesigner is written in R/Shiny and is hosted online by the Center of Biostatistics at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. This application is freely available at platedesigner.net.