gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
T-Lymphocyte–Derived Tumor Necrosis Factor Exacerbates Anoxia-Reoxygenation–Induced Neutrophil–Endothelial Cell Adhesion (2000)

The overall objective of this study was to determine whether T lymphocytes can modulate the increased neutrophil adherence and upregulation of endothelial cell adhesion molecules in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R). HUVEC monolayers were exposed to 60 minutes of anoxia, followed by 4 hours of reoxygenation in the absence or presence of human T lymphocytes. The A/R-induced neutrophil adhesion was significantly enhanced when T lymphocytes and HUVECs were cocultured for the first 45 minutes of reoxygenation. This was accompanied by a more pronounced increase in E-selectin expression. When T lymphocytes were cocultured with HUVECs by use of inserts that prevented direct cell-cell contact, a comparable A/R-induced enhancement of neutrophil adhesion and of E-selectin expression was observed, indicating that soluble factors produced by T lymphocytes mediate the exaggerated A/R-induced inflammatory responses. Treatment with either an anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibody or catalase attenuated the T-cell-mediated responses in postanoxic HUVECs. Moreover, the T-cell-mediated neutrophil adhesion response was mimicked by exposure of naive HUVECs to H(2)O(2). These findings indicate that H(2)O(2) produced by postanoxic endothelial cells stimulates T cells to produce tumor necrosis factor-alpha, which in turn elicits endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression and a corresponding increase in neutrophil adhesion.
Requirements and Technological Needs for Military Space-borne Reconnaissance Systems (2010)

Requirements\nFor military space-borne reconnaissance systems two major requirements are minimized systems response time, which is the time span between the order of a needed image and an assessable image on ground, and minimized image age, which is the time span between image acquisition and assessable image on ground.\nTo fulfil these requirements in an optimal way with reasonable image quality and cost, a constellation of small satellites is needed.\n\nSoftware\nFor design, development and operations of such a multi satellite mission new software tools are necessary. The regarding developments within the Satellite-Systems-Engineering Group of DLR will be presented.\n\nHardware\nAlso new hardware technologies are needed to build up a cost effective satellite constellation. The possibility for multiple launches is a cost saver but requires small satellites and therefore, using a classical SAR-Sensor for image generation, deployable reflectors to get reasonable apertures in space. A proposal for such a new reflector technology will be presented.\n\nRisk analysis\nThe more satellites we have in space the larger is the risk for the single space craft to be damaged or destroyed by natural, man-made or active threats in orbit. The possible threats will be shortly overviewed and potential counteractions described.\n
The molecular mechanism of the Cytomegalovirus species specificity (2006)

Viruses have undergone a coevolution with their hosts, resulting in a specific adaptation to them. Consequently, many viruses have a limited host range. Occasionally, viruses acquire an adaptive mutation, which allows infection and replication in a different species as shown recently for the human immunodeficiency virus and influenza virus. Cross-species infections are responsible for the majority of emerging and re-emerging viral diseases. However, little is known about the mechanisms that restrict viruses to a certain host species, and the factors viruses need to cross the species barrier and replicate in a different host. Cytomegaloviruses are prototypes of the beta-herpesvirus subfamily and are highly species specific. They replicate only in cells of their own or a closely related species. The molecular mechanism underlying their species specificity is poorly understood and was investigated in this study. An initial observation showed that murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) can replicate in human 293 and 911 cells, but not in any other human cells tested. Both cell lines are transformed with adenoviral E1 genes that encode a transcriptional transactivator (E1A) and two suppressors of apoptosis (E1B-55k and E1B-19k). This has led to the hypothesis that these functions are required for MCMV replication in human cells. Further analysis revealed that normal human cells died rapidly after infection of caspase-9-mediated apoptosis. Apoptosis induced by MCMV can be suppressed by broad-spectrum caspase inhibitors, and virus replication can be rescued, indicating a major role of caspases in this process. Furthermore, over-expression of a mitochondria-localized inhibitor of apoptosis, a Bcl-2-like protein, prevented apoptosis induced by this virus. Human cells resistant to apoptosis allowed also an efficient MCMV replication. The important role of Bcl-2-like proteins for cytomegalovirus cross-species infections was subsequently confirmed by inserting the corresponding genes, and other inhibitors of apoptosis and control genes into the MCMV genome. Only recombinant viruses expressing a Bcl-2-like protein were able to replicate in human cells. A single gene of human cytomegalovirus encoding a mitochondrial inhibitor of apoptosis was sufficient to allow MCMV replication in human cells. Moreover, the same principle facilitated replication of the rat cytomegalovirus in human cells. Thus, induction of apoptosis limits rodent cytomegalovirus cross-species infection.
Very fast LR parsing (1986)

LR parsers can be made to run 6 to 10 times as fast as the best table-interpretive LR parsers. The resulting parse time is negligible compared to the time required by the remainder of a typical compiler containing the parser. A parsing speed of 1/2 million lines per minute on a computer similar to a VAX 11/780 was achieved, up from an interpretive speed of 40,000 lines per minute. A speed of 240,000 lines per minute on an Intel 80286 was achieved, up from an interpretive speed of 37,000 lines per minute. The improvement is obtained by translating the parser's finite state control into assembly language. States become code memory addresses. The current input symbol resides in a register and a quick sequence of register-constant comparisons determines the next state, which is merely jumped to. The parser's push-down stack is implemented directly on a hardware stack. The stack contains code memory addresses rather than the traditional state numbers. The strongly-connected components of the directed graph induced by the parser's terminal and nonterminal transitions are examined to determine a typically small subset of the states that require parse-time stack-overflow-check code when hardware does not provide the check automatically. The increase in speed is at the expense of space: a factor of 2 to 4 increase in total table size can be expected, depending upon whether syntactic error recovery is required.
Iris Melanoma Seeding Through a Trabeculectomy Site (1990)

A 59-year-old man who had previously undergone a trabeculectomy in his right eye was examined because of an enlarging pigmented lesion of the inferior portion of the iris. A fine-needle aspiration biopsy of aqueous fluid revealed spindle cells and epithelioid malignant melanoma cells. The eye was enucleated, and subsequent histopathologic examination demonstrated a mixed spindle cell and epithelioid cell melanoma of the inferior portion of the iris with seeding of melanoma cells into the conjunctival filtering bleb via the trabeculectomy site. This case illustrates the usefulness of fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the evaluation of pigmented iris lesions and illustrates that iris melanoma can seed through a trabeculectomy site.
Direct measurement of the rates of synthesis of plasma proteins in control subjects and patients with gastrointestinal protein loss (1968)

The guanido carbon of hepatic arginine is the common precursor of urea and of the arginine of plasma proteins synthesized in the liver. It is possible to measure the momentary synthetic rates of plasma proteins by "pulse labeling" this arginine pool with bicarbonate-(14)C. In the current study, this method has been adapted in order to use urinary urea data and was applied to control subjects and patients with gastrointestinal protein loss. The assumptions required for this determination are discussed. There was close agreement between albumin synthetic rates measured by this method and albumin catabolic rates derived from simultaneous albumin-(131)I studies, supporting the validity of the method and suggesting that there is relatively little fluctuation in the rate of albumin synthesis from time to time. The albumin synthetic rates in six control subjects averaged 5.8 mg/kg per hr, while those of five patients with gastrointestinal protein loss averaged 7.2 mg/kg per hr. Thus in these patients, there was relatively little acceleration of albumin synthesis in response to continued loss of plasma proteins into the gastrointestinal tract. Fibrinogen synthetic rates averaged 1.9 mg/kg per hr in five control subjects and 3.2 mg/kg per hr in five patients with gastrointestinal protein loss. Transferrin synthetic rates exhibited considerable individual variation in both groups and averaged 0.24 mg/kg per hr in four control subjects and 0.31 mg/kg per hr in five patients with gastrointestinal protein loss. The method employed in this study offers several advantages in studying plasma protein metabolism. It provides a direct measurement of protein synthesis, applicable to several proteins simultaneously, does not require a long-term steady state in the metabolism of the proteins, and is capable of measuring short-term fluctuations in synthetic rates. Therefore, this approach is applicable to the investigation of the physiological factors controlling the rates of synthesis for plasma proteins.
High Frequency Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus as a Treatment for Parkinson's Disease: A 12 Month Follow-up Study (1999)

Objective: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a commonly diagnosed neurodegenerative disorder that becomes refractory to medical treatment. Current evidence indicates that the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is overactive in PD and its chronic high-frequency stimulation may improve parkinsonian's features. The aim of this prospective study is to determine the long term effects of STN chronic high-frequency stimulation in patients with PD. Methods: Five patients with cardinal symptoms of PD underwent stereotactic placement of deep brain stimulation electrode in the STN and were followed for at least 12 months. Patients were assessed during periods of medication administration (“on” time) and withdrawal (“off” time) using the United Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Results: In comparison to baseline, high frequency stimulation of the STN provided patients with significant improvement in the mean UPDRS motor scores during “off” time (p=0.02) and an increase in percent “on” time without dyskinesia. Benefits were observed with respect to tremor,...
Self-assembly of a neutral platinum(<scp>ii</scp>) complex into highly emitting microcrystalline fibers through metallophilic interactions (2014)

The solvent-assisted self-assembly of a blue-emitting neutral platinum(II) complex into micrometer-long and highly crystalline fibers has been achieved. The aggregates show highly efficient (quantum yield up to 74%) polarized yellow-orange light emission, as a consequence of their high degree of supramolecular order imparted by weak non-covalent intermolecular (metal···metal and π-π) interactions.
Preparation and Characteristics of LaMnO3 Thin Film Electrode on YSZ by a Vapor-Phase Process (1996)

Abstract Dense and thin LaMnO3/YSZ/La0.85Sr0.15MnO3 cell was perpared by CVD-EVD process. The prepared LaMnO3 film was sufficiently uniform and dense, no pore or crack was observed in the LaMnO3 film. AC impedance measurements indicated that the electrode interface conductivity was linearly dependent on the electrode surface area. For dense and thin film electrode of LaMnO3, oxygen electrochemical reacion proceeded predominantly at the electrode surface region.
Improving software concurrency with hardware-assisted memory snapshot (2008)

We propose a hardware-assisted memory snapshot to improve software concurrency. It is built on top of the hardware resources for transactional memory and allows for easy development of system software modules such as concurrent garbage collector and dynamic profiler.
Protein Corona Inhibits Endosomal Escape of Functionalized DNA Nanostructures in Living Cells (2021)

DNA nanostructures (DNs) can be designed in a controlled and programmable manner, and these structures are increasingly used in a variety of biomedical applications, such as the delivery of therapeutic agents. When exposed to biological liquids, most nanomaterials become covered by a protein corona, which in turn modulates their cellular uptake and the biological response they elicit. However, the interplay between living cells and designed DNs are still not well established. Namely, there are very limited studies that assess protein corona impact on DN biological activity. Here, we analyzed the uptake of functionalized DNs in three distinct hepatic cell lines. Our analysis indicates that cellular uptake is linearly dependent on the cell size. Further, we show that the protein corona determines the endolysosomal vesicle escape efficiency of DNs coated with an endosome escape peptide. Our study offers an important basis for future optimization of DNs as delivery systems for various biomedical applications.
Production of Murine Leukemia RL♂1 Rejection Antigen Peptide pRL1a by Proteolysis of Natural Precursor pRL1b (1996)

In this study, we demonstrated that NH2-terminal Ser and Ile residues of pRL1b (SI-pRL1a) (SIIPGLPLSL) are not involved in the recognition by RLmale 1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte. The sensitization activity observed with pRL1b (SI-pRL1a) was not greater than that of peptides substituted with irrelevant amino acids at these positions. In serum-free medium, pRLla retained sensitization activity, but pRL1b (SI-pRL1a) did not. Furthermore, addition of bestatin to serum-containing medium blocked sensitization by pRL1b (SI-pRL1a). On the other hand, the addition of captopril enhanced it, probably by inhibiting the degradation of pRL1a by ACE. pRL1a-D peptide with D-Ile in place of the L-Ile residue of pRL1a (IPGLPLSL) showed sensitization, but SI-pRLla-2,3D peptide, which has D-Iles in place of the L-Ile residues of pRLlb (SI-pRL1a), and which was not cleaved between the two D-Iles, did not. The findings suggest that pRL1a is the antigenic peptide bound to L(d) molecules and pRL1b (SI-pRL1a) peptide is its natural precursor, which generates pRL1a via proteolysis.
Three-Millimeter Incision Descemet Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty Using Sodium Hyaluronate (Healon): A Survey of 105 Eyes (2010)

DSAEK is an effective treatment for endothelial dysfunction, but the learning curve is steep. Anterior chamber stability, graft positioning, and small incision insertion are advantages to our technique. Disadvantages include a relatively high endothelial loss and dislocation rate. Minimizing endothelial cell loss and graft dislocation continue to be important goals for successful DSAEK.
A Workflow Integrating Seismic Interpretation and Stratigraphic Modelling – Application to the NPRA Basin (2006)

When available, seismic data is a key input for basin characterization.However, seismic data are sometimes sparse, with locally poor quality, and limited resolution. Consequently, seismic interpretation provides information which is often uncertain and quantitatively not precise enough. <br>In an other hand, process based stratigraphic modelling consists in the forward simulation of the sedimentary processes which formed the basin architecture over geolocical times. Stratigraphic modelling basically provides the same type of deliverable as the seismic interpretation, namely a description of the basin architecture : major stratigraphic discontinuities and lithology distribution. The output stratigraphic model is precisely quantified everywhere in the basin, and is supposed to be geologically consistent. Here, the uncertainty on the final basin model is related to the parameters used for the numerical simulations. <br>These two approaches provide, through different ways, complementary information of the same nature. Integrating them in the same basin characterization workflow will obviously decrease the uncertainty on the final geological model. <br>In this paper, we describe how we propose to integrate the two approaches in a unique workflow, in order to provide a unified description of the basin, which is both consistent with the seismic data and with a process-based stratigraphic modelling technique.<br>
tRNATrp (bovine) binding to the reverse transcriptase of avian myeloblastosis virus and function as a heterologous primer. (1977)

The primary structures for tTNATrp (bovine) and primer tRNATrp (avian) show only minor differences in nucleotide sequence. The heterologous tRNATrp (bovine) appears to have properties similar to the tRNATrp (avian) in its ability to bind the alphabeta from of RNA-dependent DNA nucleotidyltransferase of avian myeloblastosis virus. A stable enzyme-tRNA complex has been isolated by gel filtration. In addition, tRNATrp (bovine) can hydridize to the avian viral 35S RNA and act as a primer for transcription of the RNA. tRNATrp (bovine) can be obtained in larger amounts than the avian primer and can be used to study the interactions between the primer and the viral enzyme.
Symmetric Graphs with Respect to Graph Entropy (2017)

Let $F_G(P)$ be a functional defined on the set of all the probability distributions on the vertex set of a graph $G$. We say that $G$ is symmetric with respect to $F_G(P)$ if the uniform distribution on $V(G)$ maximizes $F_G(P)$. Using the combinatorial definition of the entropy of a graph in terms of its vertex packing polytope and the relationship between the graph entropy and fractional chromatic number, we characterize all graphs which are symmetric with respect to graph entropy. We show that a graph is symmetric with respect to graph entropy if and only if its vertex set can be uniformly covered by its maximum size independent sets. This is also equivalent to saying that the fractional chromatic number of $G$, $\chi_f(G)$, is equal to $\frac{n}{\alpha(G)}$, where $n = |V(G)|$ and $\alpha(G)$ is the independence number of $G$. Furthermore, given any strictly positive probability distribution $P$ on the vertex set of a graph $G$, we show that $P$ is a maximizer of the entropy of graph $G$ if and only if its vertex set can be uniformly covered by its maximum weighted independent sets. We also show that the problem of deciding if a graph is symmetric with respect to graph entropy, where the weight of the vertices is given by probability distribution $P$, is co-NP-hard.
Experiments with Financial Markets: Implications for Asset Pricing Theory (2001)

This article surveys financial markets experiments from a particular vantage point, namely, asset pricing theory. The goal is to assess to what extent these experiments have (and could) shed light on the validity of the basic principles of asset pricing theory, namely (i) that markets equilibrate to the point that expected returns are proportional to covariance with aggregate risk, (ii) that markets aggregate dispersed information. There appears to be solid support for (i), yet the evidence regarding (ii) is mixed. The reason for the latter is hard to determine, because of features in the experimental design that are at odds with standard asset pricing theory (e.g., the payoff on a security depends on the identity of the holder). Where we can interpret the results, the article demonstrates that the occasional aggregation failures (“mirages”) agree with rational learning. More specifically, their number is consistent with the mistakes one expects a Bayesian to make even when she has full knowledge of the likelihood function (of any signals conditional on the value of the state variable that she is learning).
Transparent Porous Polysaccharide Cryogels Provide Biochemically Defined, Biomimetic Matrices for Tunable 3D Cell Culture (2016)

Biomimetic scaffolds are desirable for 3D cell culture, yet optically transparent, macroporous, polysaccharide hydrogels have been limited. By incorporating soluble mono- and disaccharide additives during cryogelation, we synthesized biomimetic scaffolds and gained insight into the mechanism of their formation. The mono/disaccharide additives affect the size of ice crystal porogens and interact with polysaccharide polymers, altering cryogel pore size and mechanical properties. Importantly, gel transparency is maintained following removal of additives, enabling their use as biomimetic extracellular matrices. We demonstrate both optical transparency with 3D spatial control of immobilized bioactive growth factors using multiphoton patterning and cellular response to immobilized ligands.
The telencephalon, diencephalon, and mesencephalon of the canary, <i>Serinus canaria</i>, in stereotaxic coordinates (1974)

Abstract A stereotaxic atlas of the telencephalon, diencephalon and mesencephalon of the canary, Serinus canaria , was prepared for use in anatomical and behavioral experiments. Canaries have a complex vocal and behavioral repertoire many of whose components are under hormonal control in the male, and are therefore useful for many physiological and anatomical experiments. They are available commercially, breed easily in captivity, are quite hardy and respond well to anesthetic and surgical procedures. The atlas consists of 30 frontal plates from the frontal pole to the level of the motor nucleus of the trigeminus. One sagittal plate is included for reference purposes. Six birds (three males and three females) with marking lesions were used to make the atlas. Their brains were embedded in albumin‐gelatin media, cut at 50 and 25μ and stained with cresyl violet for cell bodies, Weil stain for myelinated fibers and the Fink‐Schneider method for unmyelinated fibers. Plates were drawn from the cresyl violet series and labeled using all three stains. The completed atlas was tested for accuracy by making 12 small lesions in a number of predetermined discrete loci in several birds and evaluating their placement. Eleven of these lesions were found to be within the targeted structure. The results of this test, combined with the results of experiments in over 50 birds, have shown the atlas to be accurate in 80% of all cases.
ChemInform Abstract: ADDITON VON DIBROMCARBEN AN CYCLOOCTA‐1,3,5‐TRIEN, DARST. VON BICYCLO(6,1,0)NONA‐2,6‐DIEN UND ‐DERIVATEN (1971)

Abstract Die Reduktion des Dibromids (I) mit Zink/Essigsäure bei 65°C ergibt das Monobromid ( I), das mit Natrium in flüssigem Ammoniak zum Kohlenwasserstoff (III) reduziert wird, der auch direkt aus dem Dibromid (I) durch Reduktion mit Natrium in flüssigem Ammoniak erhältlich ist.