gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A transformational approach to VHDL and CDFG based high-level synthesis: a case study (2002)

In this paper, a novel multi-target design methodology based on the concepts of transformational design, and its application to the interlaced-to-progressive scan conversion (IPSC) problem, are discussed. Starting from a single high-level behavioral specification in VHDL a direction detector used in IPSC algorithms is mapped onto both a custom implementation and a programmable video signal processor. Results are compared with those previously obtained using different tools and methodologies.
Wideband enhancement of narrowband coded speech using MBE re-synthesis (2002)

A method for improving the quality of narrowband CELP-coded speech is presented. The approach is to reduce the hoarse quality of CELP-coded speech by enhancing the pitch periodicity in the reproduction signal and also to reduce the muffing characteristics of narrowband speech by regenerating the highband components of speech spectra from the reproduction signal. In the proposed method, multiband excitation (MBE) analysis is performed on the reproduction speech signal from a CELP decoder and the pitch periodicity is enhanced by re-synthesizing the speech signal using a harmonic synthesizer according to the MBE model. The highband magnitude spectra are regenerated by matching to lowband spectra using a trained wideband spectral codebook. Information about the voiced/unvoiced (V/UV) excitation in the highband are derived from a training procedure and then stored alongside with the wideband spectral codebook so that they can be recovered by indexing to the codebook using the matched lowband index. Simulation results indicate that the duality of the wideband resynthesized speech is significantly improved over the narrowband CELP-coded speech.
Recommendations on Social Network Sites: From Link Mining Perspective (2009)

With the social network site (SNS) are increasingly attracting millions of people's attention, advertising on it is recognized a prospective commercial area. Traditional recommendation methods are limited functional in SNS because they only consider the content in Web when try to find target customers. This paper proposes the use of the network structure to derive which actors in the SNS are more influential, then using word of mouth thread to fulfill the recommendation.
Consumer Acceptability of Beef Steak Tenderness in the Home and Restaurant (1995)

ABSTRACT Acceptability of beef steak tenderness in home and restaurant environments was evaluated by 62 consumers. Steaks (loin, ribeye, or bottom and top round) were consumed by each panelist in their home and in a fine dining restaurant. Each consumer rated steaks for tenderness and overall acceptability in the home (over a 2‐mo period) and one steak per week (over a 7‐wk period) in the restaurant. Acceptability for steaks consumed at home and in the restaurant ranked between 3 (moderately tough) and 4 (slightly tough) on an 8‐point scale. The Warner‐Bratzler Shear force transition level for beef tenderness acceptability in the home was between 4.6 and 5.0 kg and in the restaurant between 4.3 and 5.2 kg. The unacceptable level of beef steak tenderness was ≤4.3 kg. Results suggested that consumers were more critical of beef tenderness in the home than in restaurants. Consumer responses may have been influenced by receiving free meals in the home or restaurant, as well as by the dining environment.
Activation of N-Methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) Receptors in the Dorsal Vagal Complex Lowers Glucose Production (2010)

Diabetes is characterized by hyperglycemia due partly to increased hepatic glucose production. The hypothalamus regulates hepatic glucose production in rodents. However, it is currently unknown whether other regions of the brain are sufficient in glucose production regulation. The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is composed of NR1 and NR2 subunits, which are activated by co-agonist glycine and glutamate or aspartate, respectively. Here we report that direct administration of either co-agonist glycine or NMDA into the dorsal vagal complex (DVC), targeting the nucleus of the solitary tract, lowered glucose production in vivo. Direct infusion of the NMDA receptor blocker MK-801 into the DVC negated the metabolic effect of glycine. To evaluate whether NR1 subunit of the NMDA receptor mediates the effect of glycine, NR1 in the DVC was inhibited by DVC NR1 antagonist 7-chlorokynurenic acid or DVC shRNA-NR1. Pharmacological and molecular inhibition of DVC NR1 negated the metabolic effect of glycine. To evaluate whether the NMDA receptors mediate the effects of NR2 agonist NMDA, DVC NMDA receptors were inhibited by antagonist D-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (D-APV). DVC D-APV fully negated the ability of DVC NMDA to lower glucose production. Finally, hepatic vagotomy negated the DVC glycine ability to lower glucose production. These findings demonstrate that activation of NR1 and NR2 subunits of the NMDA receptors in the DVC is sufficient to trigger a brain-liver axis to lower glucose production, and suggest that DVC NMDA receptors serve as a therapeutic target for diabetes and obesity.
Positron Emission Tomography Image-Guided Drug Delivery: Current Status and Future Perspectives (2014)

Positron emission tomography (PET) is an important modality in the field of molecular imaging, which is gradually impacting patient care by providing safe, fast, and reliable techniques that help to alter the course of patient care by revealing invasive, de facto procedures to be unnecessary or rendering them obsolete. Also, PET provides a key connection between the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of disease and the according targeted therapies. Recently, PET imaging is also gaining ground in the field of drug delivery. Current drug delivery research is focused on developing novel drug delivery systems with emphasis on precise targeting, accurate dose delivery, and minimal toxicity in order to achieve maximum therapeutic efficacy. At the intersection between PET imaging and controlled drug delivery, interest has grown in combining both these paradigms into clinically effective formulations. PET image-guided drug delivery has great potential to revolutionize patient care by in vivo assessment of drug biodistribution and accumulation at the target site and real-time monitoring of the therapeutic outcome. The expected end point of this approach is to provide fundamental support for the optimization of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies that could contribute to emerging concepts in the field of "personalized medicine". This review focuses on the recent developments in PET image-guided drug delivery and discusses intriguing opportunities for future development. The preclinical data reported to date are quite promising, and it is evident that such strategies in cancer management hold promise for clinically translatable advances that can positively impact the overall diagnostic and therapeutic processes and result in enhanced quality of life for cancer patients.
Role of inflammatory cells in airway remodeling in COPD (2018)

COPD is characterized by chronic bronchitis, chronic airway obstruction, and emphysema, leading to a progressive and irreversible decline in lung function. Inflammation is central for the development of COPD. Chronic inflammation in COPD mainly involves the infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, and other inflammatory cells into the small airways. The contribution of resident airway structural cells to the inflammatory process is also important in COPD. Airway remodeling consists of detrimental changes in structural tissues and cells including airway wall thickening, epithelial metaplasia, goblet cell hypertrophy, and smooth muscle hyperplasia. Persistent airway inflammation might contribute to airway remodeling and small airway obstruction. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this review, we will provide an overview of recent insights into the role of major immunoinflammatory cells in COPD airway remodeling.
jViz.Rna —A Java Tool for RNA Secondary Structure Visualization (2005)

Many tools have been developed for visualization of RNA secondary structures using a variety of techniques and output formats. However, each tool is typically limited to one or two of the visualization models discussed in this paper, supports only a single file format, and is tied to a specific platform. In order for structure prediction researchers to better understand the results of their algorithms and to enable life science researchers to interpret RNA structure easily, it is helpful to provide them with a flexible and powerful tool.jViz.Rna is a multiplatform visualization tool capable of displaying RNA secondary structures encoded in a variety of file formats. The same structure can be viewed using any of the models supported, including linked graph, circle graph, dot plot, and classical structure. Also, the output is dynamic and can easily be further manipulated by the user. In addition, any of the drawings produced can be saved in either the EPS or PNG file formats enabling easy usage in publications and presentations.
Accelerating VNF-based Deep Packet Inspection with the use of GPUs (2018)

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) replaces the hardware that supports packet processing in network operation from specific- by general-purpose ones, reducing costs and bringing more flexibility and agility to the network operation. However, this shift can cause performance losses due to the non-optimal packet processing capabilities of the general-purpose hardware. Moreover, supporting the line rate of optical network channels with Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs) is a challenging task. This work analyzes the benefits of using Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) to support the execution of a Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) VNF towards supporting the line rate of an optical channel. The use of GPUs in VNFs has a great potential to increase throughput, but the delay incurred might be an issue for some functions. Our simulation was performed using an Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) which performs DPI deployed as a VNF under real-world traffic scaled to high bit rates. Results show that the packet processing speedup achieved by using GPUs can reach up to 19 times, at the expense of a higher packet delay.
Four-times-a-day Dosing Frequency Is Better than a Twice-a-day Regimen in Subjects Requiring a High-dose Inhaled Steroid, Budesonide, to Control Moderate to Severe Asthma (1989)

Fifty-three adult asthmatic subjects requiring 800 micrograms or more of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate were enrolled in a double-blind parallel group study of 6-month duration to compare the efficacy and side effects of inhaled budesonide in doses of 800, 1,200, and 1,600 micrograms given two or four times a day (BID or QID). After a two-week observation period to establish baseline, subjects were given the same dose of budesonide as they would be for beclomethasone dipropionate; however, the frequency regimen (BID or QID) was randomly allocated. Subjects were asked to fill in diary cards describing their asthmatic symptoms, need for medication, and throat symptoms. They were assessed by a physician every 4 wk, at which time spirometry was performed. Throat swabs were done at every other monthly visit. Cortisol and response to cortisol after synthetic ACTH injection were assessed at the beginning and end of the trial. Thirty-six subjects, half in each group, completed the study. Those on the BID regimen had almost twice as many days with nocturnal asthma and cough and almost three times as many days with disability due to asthma. There were also twice as many relapses in the BID regimen as judged by the clinician. These relapses mainly occurred toward the end of the study. The maximal daily swings in peak expiratory flow rates were slightly greater in the BID group, although this difference was not physiologically significant. Spirometry, cortisol secretion, and the response after synthetic ACTH injection were not significantly different in either group from the beginning to the end of the study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Optical networking activities in the United States (1996)

Multiwavelength optical networking activity in the United States has benefited from advancing needs for bandwidth and flexibility. Several programs have been sponsored in part by the Defence Advanced Projects Agency (DARPA) with growing interest and participation from network service providers and vendors. This talk will be an overview of several of these programs, including earlier programs such as the ONTC and newer programs such as the MONET and NTONC projects.
Acquired resistance to ticks. III. Cobra venom factor and the resistance response. (1977)

Guinea-pigs developed resistance to larvae of the ixodid tick, Dermacentor andersoni, after one infestation. Resistant hosts were characterized by allowing significantly fewer larvae to engorge than non-resistant hosts. Larvae engorging on non-resistant hosts had a mean weight six times that of larvae obtained from resistant hosts at the end of a 5-day infestation. This immunologically based resistance was previously shown to have a cell-mediated and a humoral component. In an attempt to ascertain the role of complement in the resistance response, cobra venom factor (CoF) was administered to guinea-pigs producing prolonged (85--95 per cent) depletion of complement titres. CoF was administered during an initial infestation with tick larvae to determine if complement depletion altered the acquisition of tick resistance. CoF was also administered to tick-resistant hosts in an attempt to determine if the expression of tick resistance and the development of the basophil-packed lesion, characteristic of the tick-attachment site in resistant hosts, could be altered by complement depletion. CoF did not alter the acquisition of resistance when complement levels were reduced during a primary infestation. However, complement depletion of an animal which had acquired tick resistance blocked the expression of that resistance during a challenge infestation. In addition to increased numbers and weights of larvae engorging on tick-resistant animals depleted of complement, the basophil packed lesion at the tick attachment site was greatly reduced. Complement plays an important role in the expression of tick resistance in guinea-pigs.
Geometrical Proof of the Tangency of the Inscribed and Nine-Point Circles (1886)

S (fig. 85) is the circumscribed centre, and O the orthocentre of the triangle ABC; AX the perpendicular from A on BC, and P the middle point of BC. SP produced bisects the arc BC in V, and I, the centre of the inscribed circle, lies on AV, and is so situated that AI.IV = 2R r . ( See Note ). Also the angle XAV = angle AVS = angle SAV
Lossless image compression using wavelet decomposition (1996)

From a multiresolution perspective, a wavelet decomposition of an image f(x,y) at a resolution. 2/sup j/, consists of an approximated image at a resolution 2/sup j-1/ and three detail images along the horizontal, vertical and diagonal directions. In the first scheme, the approximated wavelet coefficients are encoded using variable block size segmentation (VBSS) algorithm and the detail signals are encoded using directional prediction and categorization. The residual error due to the finite precision arithmetic is significant and is encoded using adaptive arithmetic encoding technique. In the alternate scheme, we propose a new concept of multiresolution which avoids the finite precision arithmetic errors. The approximated image in the alternate scheme is a decimated version of the original image. The equivalence of the alternate multiresolution scheme to the original multiresolution scheme is also analyzed mathematically. The performance of scheme one is comparable to that exhibited by JPEG lossless schemes.
Barrett's esophagus, high-grade dysplasia, and early adenocarcinoma: a pathological study. (1997)

Areas of high-grade dysplasia and microscopic carcinoma in Barrett's esophagus are often small. Biopsy differentiation between these lesions is difficult. A systematic endoscopic biopsy protocol will reduce the chance of missing early malignancy in Barrett's esophagus.
The photovoltaic charging station for electric vehicle to grid application in Smart Grids (2012)

The number and variety of EVs batteries connected to grid continue to grow rapidly, which result in a heavy burden on grid. To solve this problem, it was proposed that electric vehicles could act as a new power source for grid, which is the concept of Vehicle to Grid (V2G). This paper proposed the photovoltaic charging station architecture by using a combination of the Z-source boost converter based on the battery charging strategy with the bi-directional PWM Inverter-Rectifier based on the V2G strategy in Smart Grids. In the photovoltaic charging mode, the PV arrays charge the battery by the Z-source boost converter. In V2G mode, the PWM Inverter-Rectifier transfers the active power and passive power according to the grid requirement, thus the EV batteries could be applied for the peak regulation and frequency regulation in grid. Also the EV battery could be used as storage system for renewable power system. The prototype of bi-directional PWM Inverter-Rectifier and Z-source dc-dc converter is developed. Finally, V2G and battery storage experiments are tested. Meanwhile the Z-source dc-dc converter voltage boost experiments are tested. Simulation and experiment results demonstrate that the prototype implements the power bi-directional transformation between power grid and electric vehicles, and the Z-source dc-dc converter achieves the voltage boost. Consequently V2G could significantly increase the smart gird system flexibility, and storage intermittent renewable energy from wind and solar.
Permeation and Diffusion of Hydrogen Through Pd Membranes (2003)

Hydrogen diffusion through Pd membranes has been measured under non-UHV conditions, i.e., the membranes are evacuated under non-UHV conditions. Despite this, the results indicate that bulk diffusion is the slow step and the diffusion constants agree with earlier workers results where UHV conditions obtained. The activation energy for H2 permeation in the dilute phase was determined from an Arrhenius plot over a series of temperatures from 423 to 503 K. The solubilities of H2 were determined over the same temperature range and from these data, the diffusion constants were determined.
A patient-adaptable ECG beat classifier using a mixture of experts approach (1997)

We present a "mixture-of-experts" (MOE) approach to develop customized electrocardiogram (ECG) beat classifier in an effort to further improve the performance of ECG processing and to offer individualized health care. A small customized classifier is developed based on brief, patient-specific ECG data. It is then combined with a global classifier, which is tuned to a large ECG database of many patients, to form a MOE classifier structure. Tested with MIT/BIH arrhythmia database, we observe significant performance enhancement using this approach.
University of Minnesota, Morris Strategic Plan (2006) (2006)

The University of Minnesota, Morris Strategic Positioning Task Force was charged by Senior Vice President Robert Jones and Chancellor Sam Schuman to identify Morris’ unique contribution to the University’s goal of becoming one of the top three public research universities in the world and recommend new ways to serve our students and the state while engaging in bold and visionary thinking to identify strategies that will propel us forward.
An NMPC Approach using Convex Inner Approximations for Online Motion Planning with Guaranteed Collision Avoidance (2020)

Even though mobile robots have been around for decades, trajectory optimization and continuous time collision avoidance remain subject of active research. Existing methods trade off between path quality, computational complexity, and kinodynamic feasibility. This work approaches the problem using a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) framework, that is based on a novel convex inner approximation of the collision avoidance constraint. The proposed Convex Inner ApprOximation (CIAO) method finds kinodynamically feasible and continuous time collision free trajectories, in few iterations, typically one. For a feasible initialization, the approach is guaranteed to find a feasible solution, i.e. it preserves feasibility. Our experimental evaluation shows that CIAO outperforms state of the art baselines in terms of planning efficiency and path quality. Experiments show that it also efficiently scales to high-dimensional systems. Furthermore real-world experiments demonstrate its capability of unifying trajectory optimization and tracking for safe motion planning in dynamic environments.
Kenya's forests: going up in smoke (1985)

Closed forest and commercially valuable woodland account for at most 11,406 square miles in Kenya (about 5.2% of the country's area). Plantation forests, mainly of exotic conifers, cover more than 550 square miles, and it is hoped that exotic plantation species will entirely replace dependence on the indigenous forests for pulp, sawn timber and other roundwood. However, reliance on charcoal as a fuel has led to widespread deforestation, particularly along highways and within 20 miles of towns and major villages. Deforestation is likely to increase with increasing population pressure.
Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors, Sport and Doping (2017)

Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) (e.g., sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil, and avanafil) are drugs commonly used to treat erectile dysfunction, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and benign prostatic hyperplasia. PDE5i are not prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) but are alleged to be frequently misused by healthy athletes to improve sporting performance. In vitro and in vivo studies have reported various effects of PDE5i on cardiovascular, muscular, metabolic, and neuroendocrine systems and the potential, therefore, to enhance performance of healthy athletes during training and competition. This suggests well-controlled research studies to examine the ergogenic effects of PDE5i on performance during activities that simulate real sporting situations are warranted to determine if PDE5i should be included on the prohibited WADA list. In the meantime, there is concern that some otherwise healthy athletes will continue to misuse PDE5i to gain an unfair competitive advantage over their competitors.
Can power spectral analysis of heart rate variability identify a high risk subgroup of congestive heart failure patients with excessive sympathetic activation? A pilot study before and after heart transplantation. (1994)

These data suggest that in more advanced stages of congestive heart failure, power spectral analysis of heart rate variability allows identification of a subgroup of patients with higher sympathetic activation and poorer clinical status who are at major risk of adverse events. In the short term after cardiac transplantation the spectral profile of the rhythm variability of the remnant atrium was not improved, suggesting that parasympathetic withdrawal and sympathetic hyperactivity persist, despite the restoration of ventricular function.