gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Event‐related potentials reveal involuntary processing of orientation changes in the visual modality (2003)

The present study investigated whether there is a visual counterpart of the auditory mismatch negativity. Event-related potentials were recorded while subjects performed a spatial frequency discrimination task. "Match" and "nonmatch" stimuli were specifically categorized according to whether the second stimulus had the same orientation as the first stimulus in each trial. Nonmatch stimuli elicited larger occipital P84 and occipital and temporal N192 components than match stimuli, indicating the existence of involuntary processing in the visual modality. Moreover, the amplitude of the change-related N 192 was larger at the short stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) than at the long SOA, suggesting that the visual modality involves a mismatch process similar to that of the auditory modality. The underlying neural representation (i.e., the visual memory trace) seems to develop easier and decay faster than its auditory counterpart.
SR-TXRF detection limit reduction using thin polymer film substrates (2004)

Three different substrates for the analysis of liquid samples by Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence with Synchrotron Radiation (SR-TXRF) were investigated and compared: Lucite (Perspex), Kimfoil and Mylar. Dry targets were prepared by pipetting 5 mul aliquotes of the liquid samples (synthetic standards and fresh water samples) on the different substrates. A five fold reduction of the continuous background and a corresponding reduction of the elementary detection limits were observed when thin polymer film substrates were used instead of the common thick Perspex substrate.
Review: Design and the Decorative Arts: Britain 1500-1900 (2005)

Design and the Decorative Arts: Britain 1500–1900 Michael Snodin John Styles (eds.). V&A Publications , 2001. 488 pp. £45 hardback . ISBN: 1 85177 338 X.
A Conceptual Framework for a SIM-based Electronic Transaction Authentication System (2007)

This paper presents a SIM-based tool for user authentication in various service areas such as financial transactions in e-commerce. Other remote services can use SIM as an authentication tool over existing GSM technology through GPRS, which is an additional packet data feature for the GSM network. It allows both packet-switched and circuit-switched traffic to exist in the GSM infrastructure. As GPRS is designed to support packet based protocols, such as the Internet Protocol (IP) based bursty and uneven traffic flow, it enables new services such as reasonably fast access to the Internet, electronic mail and other data oriented services, that have been too inefficient in traditional circuit-switched digital mobile networks. Using GPRS features, the e-commerce applications can use SIM as user authentication for transactions. SIM can also be a tool for user identity and authentication around the corporate intranets. This can reduce security infrastructure setup and investment overhead for the security concerned organizations. This paper depicts an electronic payment protocol by means of SIM based authentication with the illustrations of its formal modelling & verification results.
Análisis interno de las subsidiarias costarricenses: Mecanismos que determinan su Contribución al Crecimiento (2014)

La inversion directa extranjera (IED) tiene un claro impacto en la mejora de los niveles de desarrollo y crecimiento economico de los paises receptores. En los ultimos veinte anos, Costa Rica ha realizado una decidida apuesta por la atraccion de IED que, ademas, ha contribuido al incremento del volumen y la calidad de las exportaciones del pais. Las subsidiarias costarricenses, propiedad de las empresas multinacionales, constituyen el instrumento a traves del cual esa inversion exterior se transforma en actividad productiva. El presente estudio, basado en una muestra de ciento dos subsidiarias costarricenses, permite ahondar en el conocimiento de estas dado que brinda informacion a nivel micro empresarial . A partir de los hallazgos encontrados, se presenta una caracterizacion de dichas subsidiarias y de los altos directivos a su cargo. Adicionalmente, se analizan otros aspectos asociados al manejo de las relaciones subsidiaria-casa matriz, las capacidades distintivas que poseen en las diversas actividades que realizan y que las hacen ser atractivas para los inver- sionistas extranjeros, ademas, se examina el potencial que podrian tener para establecer encadenamientos productivos con empresas nacionales, y, por ultimo, se investiga la gestion emprendedora que ellas realizan, manifestada a traves de las iniciativas emprendedoras que impulsan
Inspection and maintenance of highway structures in England (2008)

This paper describes the inspection and maintenance of highway structures by the Highways Agency in England. It provides a background to the inspection requirements, the assets managed and maintenance activities. The network is divided into 14 areas. The inspection and maintenance activities are undertaken by managing agents and contractors appointed by the Highways Agency for a period of 5 to 7 years. There are also sections of the network that are under the control of the design, build, finance and operate organisations. The inspection and maintenance processes are managed through a structures management and information system (SMIS), which is available to all managing agents. A risk-based value management process is used for the selection of suitable maintenance projects to be undertaken. The Highways Agency has in place robust processes for the inspection and maintenance of highways structures to ensure structural and public safety.
A Practical Construction Method for Polar Codes (2014)

In this paper, a practical construction method is proposed for polar codes over binary-input channels. Unlike the existing construction methods, we use a Bhattacharyya parameter bound to select the bit-channels over which the information bits are transmitted. We first derive the expression of the Bhattacharyya parameter bound, and introduce a method to achieve its exact value. Then, we present our construction method for different binary-input channels. Numerical results show that, the achievable rate of our method approaches the theoretical value, and its performance is better than that of some existing methods, while the complexity is O(N log N) (N is codeword length), which indicates its effectiveness.
Evaluation of the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and human papilloma virus infection in renal transplant patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy. (1999)

Renal transplant patients who were undergoing immunosuppressive therapy were found to be at increased risk of developing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. All the patients using immunosuppressive agents should be followed-up by Pap smears every six months and by colposcopic evaluation every year. Avoiding high-risk sexual acts will decrease the risk of HPV transmission and the risk of genital neoplasia as well.
Optimal Design for Multinomial Choice Experiments (2002)

The author derives D-optimal designs for main-effects, multinomial choice experiments using attribute levels as design parameters. The design solutions are similar to standard main-effects designs except that one attribute is used to manipulate response probabilities. The manipulator is key to implementing optimal designs in practice.
Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics (2004)

Visual optics requires an understanding of both biology and optical engineering. This Field Guide assembles the anatomy, physiology, and functioning of the eye, as well as the engineering and design of a wide assortment of tools for measuring, photographing, and characterizing properties of the surfaces and structures of the eye. Also covered are the diagnostic techniques, lenses, and surgical techniques used to correct and improve human vision.
INTERFACIAL OXIDE LAYERS AT THE METAL–OXIDE PHASE BOUNDARY (2002)

The nature of oxide phases at metal–oxide interfaces, i.e. of oxide layers in the proximity of a metal surface, is assessed by critically examining the available data in the literature. The data reveal a trend towards the formation of reduced oxide phases with lower oxidation states in the vicinity of the interface with a metal. The physical origin of these interface-stabilized oxide layers is discussed and the possible causes include strong metal–metal bonding, high oxygen affinity of the substrate metal, reduction of the interfacial strain, and the stability of two-dimensional oxide phases.
Nutritional effects of beef connective tissue characteristics and eating qualities (1981)

We compared taste panel and connective tissue characteristics of beef fed a high energy diet with beef fed grass. The high energy diet produced higher USDA quality and yield grades, more rapid weight gain, and increased connective tissue collagen synthesis arid breakdown. But, it did not consistently improve taste panel and shear characteristics over grass-feeding.
Effect of arachidonic acid on activity of the apical K+ channel in the thick ascending limb of the rat kidney. (1995)

We have used patch-clamp techniques to study the effects of arachidonic acid (AA) on the activity of the 70-pS K+ channel, the predominant type of the two apical K+ channels operating under physiological conditions in the thick ascending limb (TAL) of the rat kidney. Addition of 5-10 microM AA blocked the activity of the 70-pS K+ channel in both cell-attached and inside-out patches. The inhibitory effect of AA was specific, because application of 10 microM linoleic acid, oleic acid, or palmitic acid failed to mimic the effect of AA. The effect of AA could not be blocked by pretreatment of the TAL tubules with either 5 microM indomethacin (inhibitor of cyclooxygenase) or 4 microM cinnamyl-3,4-dihydroxy-alpha-cyanocinnamate (CDC) (inhibitor of lipooxygenase). In contrast, addition of 5 microM 17-octadecynoic acid (17-ODYA), an inhibitor of P450 monooxygenases, abolised the effect of AA on the channel activity, indicating that the effect was mediated by cytochrome P450 metabolites of AA. Addition of 10 nM 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), the main metabolite of the cytochrome P450 metabolic pathway in the medullary TAL, mimicked the inhibitory effect of 10 microM AA. However, addition of 100 nM 19-HETE or 17-HETE had no significant effects and 100 nM 20-carboxy AA (20-COOH) reduced the channel activity by only 20%, indicating that the inhibitory effect of 20-HETE was specific and responsible for the action of AA. Inhibition of the P450 metabolic pathway by either 5 microM 17-ODYA or 12, 12-dibromododec-11-enoic acid (DBDD) dramatically increased the channel activity by 280% in cell-attached patches. The stimulatory effect of 17-ODYA or DBDD was not observed in inside-out patches. The results strongly indicate that 20-HETE is a specific inhibitor for the 70-pS K+ channel and may play an important role in the regulation of the K+ channel activity in the TAL.
Binding of estradiol to whole prostatic DU‐145 cells in the presence and absence of tamoxifen and acetylsalicylic acid (1995)

Conflicting results have been obtained with regard to the estradiol receptor (ER) capacity of human prostatic tissue. Human prostatic DU-145 cells have been found to be ER-negative with immunohistochemical assays. The object of this investigation was to determine if whole DU-145 cells, which had been grown in monolayer culture, have ER and, if so, to confirm the finding with antiestrogens. After cells had been lysed, a Bmax of 44.7 +/- 4.0 fmol/mg (Kd = 0.6 +/- 0.6 nM) was obtained. Subcellular localization studies showed that the estrogen receptor level in the cytoplasmic fraction was approximately 10 times higher than in the nuclear fraction. Competitive binding studies showed that tamoxifen, DES, and acetylsalicylic acid decreased estradiol binding. The dissociation constants and relative affinities for tamoxifen, DES, and acetylsalicylic acid were 0.2 nM (281.7%), 0.2 nM (224.0%), and 0.8 nM (78.43%), respectively. However, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and metabolites of acetylsalicylic acid had no effect in competitive binding studies. These results may contribute to a better understanding of prostatic carcinogenesis, which may in turn lead to more effective treatment.
Identification and Determination of Sugars in Some Fruit Juices (1971)

Abstract The sugars α-glucose, β-glucose, fructose, galactose, and sucrose were identified in the juice of Israel orange, grapefruit, and lemon by gas-liquid chromatographic methods. Rhamnose, xylose, and trehalose were also identified but only tentatively. The amounts of glucose and fructose before and after hydrolysis were measured in 88 samples of citrus juice by enzymatic methods. The concentration of glucose found was in all cases very near that of fructose. In other fruit juices (e.g., pear) the concentration of fructose was found to be higher than that of glucose. The ratio fructose:glucose cannot therefore be used as a criterion for purity in orange and grapefruit juices but may serve as a useful tool to detect addition of sucrose to other fruit juices.
A permanent magnet motor drive without a shaft sensor (1991)

The authors describe a simple control for a permanent motor drive that provides a wide speed range without use of a shaft sensor. Two line-to-line voltages and two stator currents are sensed and processed in analog form to produce the stator flux linkage space vector. The angle of this vector is used in a microcontroller to produce the appropriate stator current command signals for the hysteresis current controller of the inverter so that near unity power factor can be achieved over a wide range of torque and speed. A speed signal is derived from the rate of change of angle of the flux linkage. A drift compensation program is proposed to avoid calculation errors in the determination of angle position and speed. The control system has been implemented on a 5 kW motor using Nd-Fe-B magnets. The closed loop speed control has been shown to be effective down to a frequency less than 1 Hz, thus providing a wide range of speed control. An open loop starting program is used to accelerate the motor up to this limit frequency with minimum speed oscillation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Peer Support Activities for Children and Young People Who Have a Family Member with Mental Illness (2004)

This section discusses the use of peer support groups to assist children and adolescents who have a parent with a mental illness. It looks at various such programs being run overseas and in Australia. Emphasis is given to the Paying Attention to Self (PATS) program started by The Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia, in 1997.
Erbin-regulated Sensitivity of MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells to TRAIL via ErbB2/AKT/NF- B Pathway (2007)

We have reported that Erbin expression was down-regulated in the Jurkat leukaemia T lymphocytes treated with the recombinant soluble tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (rsTRAIL). Herein, we studied the expression and the regulation of Erbin and its binding partner, ErbB2, in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. We showed that the expressions of Erbin and ErbB2 were modulated by PKCdelta inhibitor, rottlerin, in the TRAIL-resistant MCF-7 cell line. The affinity of Erbin-ErbB2 interaction was reduced by ErbB2 phosphorylation. Inhibiting the expression of Erbin facilitated the sensitivity of the MCF-7 cells to TRAIL via suppressing the ErbB2/AKT/NF-kappaB signalling pathway.
Speech Perception Comparisons Using an Implanted and an External Microphone in Existing Cochlear Implant Users (2011)

Early observations indicate that it is potentially feasible to use the fully implanted Carina microphone with the Freedom Cochlear Implant. The authors would anticipate that outcomes would improve as more knowledge is gained in signal processing and with the fabrication of an integrated device.
Divide and conquer based Fast Shmoo algorithms (2005)

Shmoo-plots are a powerful characterization technique in digital IC testing. Utilization and number of ICs exposed are limited by high execution times. This work presents an effective Fast-Shmoo algorithm to accelerate device characterization. The robust optimization concept is adapted to specific device characterization needs and reduce test execution times significantly.
A Paperless Project (2008)

The Missouri Safe and Sound Project to reconstruct and rehabilitate 802 Missouri bridges required more than 550 geotechnical investigations in an 18-month period. This article describes how collaboration software was used for electronic data management, report development, scheduling, and communication for this complex project. Although spreadsheets traditionally would have been used to track work, the numerous files spread across multiple offices led the contractor to use Microsoft SharePoint software as a collaboration tool. The first issue was managing nearly a terabyte of electronic files and photographs. Using a custom list tool within the collaboration software, the client spreadsheet information was imported, additional fields were added for tracking purposes, and the spreadsheet was transformed from one-dimensional data to an interactive library of tasks, links, schedules, and performance indices. This one list became the co-located office, the sole source of all information. The collaboration software also provided an efficient means of developing an electronic filing system and the added benefit of controlling and tracking draft reports, reviewers, comments, and accessibility at each stage of the report-development process. By using existing tools in the software programs, the contractor was able to document the review process completely and in accordance with existing quality procedures. Using similar task tools as identified for the report-development process, the contractor was able to create calendars, automated notifications, tracking methods, and real-time updates that were available to all team members. The project was not without its challenges, including unfamiliarity with all of the features of the technology and discomfort by some employees with remote interaction and use of technology to manage tasks that were traditionally performed by the project manager. Although the Missouri Safe and Sound Project currently is on hold, the experience of using collaborative software should facilitate future transition to a more automated office.
Thunderstorm turbulence and its relationship to weather radar echoes. (1969)

Thunderstorm turbulence relationship to weather radar echoes from storm penetrations in Oklahoma by instrumented aircraft
The editor's desk (1999)

There is an old Yoruba proverb which states, 'Not even God is wise enough...' Over the past few months I have often mulled over this proverb, as ACCORD's Research Unit and Early Warning System produced early warning and situation reports of Africa's potential and actual conflicts: Algeria, Angola, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Guinea-Bissau, Ethiopia-Eritrea, Niger, Sierra Leone, Rwanda, Sudan, Uganda... The list is seemingly endless. Those of us committed to peace on this strife-torn continent do not have enough information on the origins of a particular conflict and the multiplicity of variables fuelling such conflicts.
Pastoral Care in a Critical Care Setting (1996)

Healing the whole person-mind, body, spirit-cannot be forgotten in this world of critical care and high-technology medicine. It is the chaplain, one of many on the multidisciplinary care team, who is a reminder of this most important focus.
Water swellable rubber composites: An update review from preparation to properties (2015)

ABSTRACT In recent years, water swellable rubber composites have been the subject of many scientific and research investigations as well as many industrial programs. Here, we present an updated overview of the developments in the area of water swellable rubber composites with different kinds of fillers, compatibilizers, and cross‐linked agents, in terms of their manufacturing methods, synthesis, chemical, physical, and mechanical properties. Several critical issues and suggestions for future work are detailed, underscoring the roles of material scientists and manufacturing engineers in the bright future of this new material through value addition to enhance its usage and fields of application. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132 , 42786.
Theory of Concentration Quenching in Inorganic Phosphors (1954)

A theory is presented for concentration quenching in solid systems, based on the migration of excitation energy from one activator center to another and eventually to an imperfection which may act as an energy sink. Calculations are made on the dependence of the fluorescence yield on concentration, and to indicate typical activator concentrations at which appreciable quenching may be expected to occur. If the transition in the activator is of the electric dipole or electric quadrupole type, appreciable quenching may arise when the activator concentration is 10-3 to 10-2; if it is a magnetic dipole transition, transfer will occur by exchange, rather than by overlapping of magnetic dipole fields, and the critical concentration will be of the order of a few percent. The implications of transfer phenomena upon the observed absence of luminescence in most ``pure'' inorganic crystals are discussed, and it is concluded that transfer rates are so high in strongly absorbing crystals that the energy can easily migrate to a very few sinks dispersed throughout the lattice.
The Accurate Diagnosis of Early-Onset Dementia (2006)

Early-onset dementia (EOD, < 65 years at onset) is a relatively common and frequently misdiagnosed condition. One reason for misdiagnosis is that EOD has a more varied differential diagnosis than late-onset dementia (LOD). For example, Alzheimer's disease (AD), the preponderant LOD, makes up only about one-third of EODs; the rest are due to vascular dementias, frontotemporal lobar degenerations, traumatic head injury, alcohol-related dementia, and a great many other conditions. Another reason for misdiagnosis is that early-onset AD may have predominant cognitive deficits other than memory loss and a potential familial inheritance with spastic paraparesis, seizures, or myoclonus. A third reason is that EOD often presents with neuropsychiatric features out-of-proportion to any cognitive deficits. Despite these obstacles, it is important to accurately diagnose EODs, particularly because they differ in management and course. Clinicians can successfully diagnose most EODs with careful cognitive and family histories, mental status and neurological examinations, and neuroimaging.
Electromyography and Muscle Activities in Double Bass Playing (1992)

Two electromyography (EMG) experiments related to double bass playing are described. By means of surface electrodes and synchronous recordings of finger movements on the string, it is shown in the first experiment that the production of vibrato is associated with pulsating contractions of two back muscles, the teres minor and the teres major. A failure in the coordination of the activity of these muscles was observed in a student having problems in producing a proper vibrato. The second experiment demonstrates clear effects of a small change in the holding of the instrument on muscular stress in the left and right trapezius muscles. These changes were revealed by the occurrence of different degrees of muscular force developed during playing. The pedagogical implications of these findings are discussed.