gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dictionary of engineering materials (2004)

Introduction. Guide to this Dictionary. Major Groups of materials Covered. Dictionary of Engineering Materials. Appendix: Bibliographic References, Helpful Sources of Information, Abbreviations and Acronyms.
Learning relational affordance models for robots in multi-object manipulation tasks (2012)

Affordances define the action possibilities on an object in the environment and in robotics they play a role in basic cognitive capabilities. Previous works have focused on affordance models for just one object even though in many scenarios they are defined by configurations of multiple objects that interact with each other. We employ recent advances in statistical relational learning to learn affordance models in such cases. Our models generalize over objects and can deal effectively with uncertainty. Two-object interaction models are learned from robotic interaction with the objects in the world and employed in situations with arbitrary numbers of objects. We illustrate these ideas with experimental results of an action recognition task where a robot manipulates objects on a shelf.
Susceptibility testing: accurate and reproducible minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and non-inhibitory concentration (NIC) values (2000)

Measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of a substance by current methods is straightforward, whereas obtaining useful comparative information from the tests can be more difficult. A simple technique and a method of data analysis are reported which give the experimentalist more useful information from susceptibility testing. This method makes use of a 100-well microtitre plate and the analysis uses all the growth information, obtained by turbidometry, from each and every well of the microtitre plate. A modified Gompertz function is used to fit the data, from which a more exact value can be obtained for the MIC. The technique also showed that at certain concentrations of inhibitor, there was no effect on growth relative to a control well (zero inhibitor). Above a threshold value, which has been termed the non-inhibitory concentration or NIC, growth becomes limiting until it reaches the MIC, where no growth relative to the control is observed.
Stabilization of Blunt Nose Cavity Flows by Using Energy Deposition (2005)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
A fast iris image quality evaluation method based on weighted entropy (2007)

During the image acquisition procedure of an automatic iris recognition system, the iris image with low quality may lead to the personal identification failure in some cases. Therefore it is very important to adopt the image quality evaluation procedure before the image processing. In this paper, we proposed a fast image quality evaluation method based on weighted information entropy combining iris image segmentation through localization. Through this method, we can fast grade the images and pick out the high quality iris images from the video sequence captured by the image acquisition device. Experimental results show that this method can quickly and effectively screen out appropriate images to meet the requirements of the iris recognition algorithm. It can also improve the speed and accuracy of the iris recognition system.
Rates and Risk Factors for Nonadherence to the Medical Regimen After Adult Solid Organ Transplantation (2007)

The estimated nonadherence rates, overall and by transplant type, allow clinicians to gauge patient risk and target resources accordingly. Nonadherence rates in some areas--including immunosuppressant use--appear unacceptably high. Weak correlations of most patient psychosocial factors with nonadherence suggest that attention should focus on other classes of variables (e.g., provider-related and systems-level factors), which may be more influential.
MRI‐guided interventions of the breast (2008)

MRI has proven to be a very reliable diagnostic tool in the detection and differential diagnosis of breast lesions. Some lesions are, even in retrospect, not detectable in x-ray or ultrasound images but MRI is able to detect lesions at a much smaller size than the average size of lesions depicted by x-ray and ultrasound. The aim in the future is to develop combined procedures where imaging, biopsy, and interventional therapies are combined in a single outpatient procedure. As a step toward this goal different interventional procedures are useful that include interstitial laser therapy (ILT), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), microwave ablation therapy, and cryotherapy. In this overview the main features and initial results of these procedures are described and discussed.
Angular dependence of magnetization in recording media (1994)

A high magnetic field (11 kG) is applied in the plane of a piece of magnetic recording tape at an arbitrary angle set with respect to the tape direction. This profoundly alters the response of the tape at lower fields. The component of the magnetization along the field direction is observed while rotating the tape about an axis perpendicular to its plane after lowering the field directly from high field at angle /spl theta//sub set/. Experiments are repeated for a wide range of measuring fields and choices of /spl theta//sub set/. In the range of measuring fields for which rotational hysteresis is a prominent effect, it is found that right handed and left handed rotations are not equivalent except for particular choices of /spl theta//sub set/. The remanent magnetic moment has a magnitude and direction that depends on /spl theta//sub set/. The remanence data is explicable using a distribution of easy axes and the assumption that the high field selects the nearer of the two directions along the easy axis for each particle. Distributions are deduced for four types of commercial magnetic tapes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Spectroscopy in Infrared by Reflection and Its Use for Highly Absorbing Substances* (1951)

The infrared spectra of many strongly-absorbing solids and liquids can be measured directly only with difficulties, involving preparation of very thin sections, or mulling the substance with diluents, etc. In such cases, the measurement of reflection offers an advantage. If the measurements are performed at two different angles of incidence, the two optical constants, namely, the refractive index n and the index of absorption κ of the studied substance can be obtained. A graphical method for obtaining n and κ from the measured reflecting powers is described and due corrections for the apparatus polarization are given. An alternative method for obtaining the optical constants from a single set of measurements at normal incidence is indicated for a case of a simple resonance band. This method is based on the impedance concept of the reflecting medium. Experimental arrangement for reflection measurements, using a standard infrared spectrometer, is described. Examples of measured reflecting powers and optical constants derived from them are given for the cases of quartz, mica, and liquid carbon tetrachloride.
Antiviral Activity of Flavones and Potentiation by Ascorbate (1988)

We compared the anti-poliovirus activities of three flavones, quercetin, luteolin and 3-methylquercetin, which differ only at ring position 3. 3-Methylquercetin was the most potent compound. Quercetin exhibited antiviral activity only when protected against oxidative degradation by ascorbate. The antiviral activity of luteolin was comparable to that of ascorbate-stabilized quercetin.
FORTH-83 controller for a pick-and-place robot (2003)

The design and implementation of the FORTH-83 Standard system for the MotionMate robotic controller are discussed. The system consists of a remote workstation communicating with an embedded robot controller. The remote workstation provides an F83 (personal computer version of FORTH-83 Standard) and communicates using serial protocol with the robot controller. A brief introduction to the FORTH language is given along with the design objectives and major design decisions of the project. The obstacles encountered throughout the design of the FORTH system are explained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>PTPN11</i> mutations in LEOPARD syndrome (2002)

LEOPARD syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder with multiple lentigines, congenital cardiac abnormalities, ocular hypertelorism, and retardation of growth. Deafness and genital abnormalities are less frequently found. We report a father and daughter and a third, unrelated patient with LEOPARD syndrome. Recently, missense mutations in the PTPN11 gene located in 12q24 were found to cause Noonan syndrome. All three cases of LEOPARD syndrome reported here have a Y279C mutation in the PTPN11 gene. We hypothesise that some PTPN11 mutations are associated with the typical Noonan syndrome phenotype and that other mutations, such as the Y279C mutation reported here, are associated with both the Noonan syndrome phenotype and with skin pigmentation anomalies, such as multiple lentigines or café au lait spots.
Collocation extraction based on syntactic parsing (2008)

Collocations (typical word associations like "to meet a condition", "to believe firmly", "highly controversial", "a deep concern") are pervasive in language. Due to their encoding idiomaticity, collocations are of paramount importance for text production tasks, for Foreign Language Learning as well as for Natural Language Processing applications such as machine translation. This thesis tackles the problem of automatic acquisition of collocations from text corpora, and proposes a methodological framework for their identification based on syntactic criteria. It is shown that (1) the results obtained are more reliable than those of standard methods based on linear proximity constraints, and (2) the syntax-based approach enables a more advanced treatment of these expressions, which is now largely absent in the related computational work: extraction of n-ary collocations (n>2), induction of syntactic patterns for collocations, Web-based extraction of collocations, and translation of collocations.
Treatment of Acquired Perforating Dermatosis With Cantharidin (2012)

A 65-year-old woman presented with a 6-month history of pruritic, hyperpigmented papules with central, hyperkeratotic plugs on her bilateral lower extremities (Figure 1A). There were no papules on her trunk, head, upper extremities, volar surfaces, or mucous membranes. Her medical history was significant for chronic renal failure treated for the past 4 years with peritoneal dialysis, a 30-year history of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, coronary artery bypass, hypothyroidism, and hyperparathyroidism. There was no family history of similar skin lesions. A biopsy specimen from a lesion on the left leg revealed keratotic plugs filled with laminated orthokeratotic and parakeratotic keratin and debris. Beneath the plug, the epidermis was thinned and the dermis showed a neutrophilic infiltrate and foci of fibrosis (Figure 2A). Trichrome stain showed rare focal collagen extruding through the base. The surrounding skin showed features of lichen simplex chronicus. The clinical and histopathologic features supported the diagnosis of an acquired perforating disorder associated with renal disease.
A unified syntax direction mechanism for automatic speech recognition systems using hidden Markov models (2003)

Connected utterance speech recognition systems using hidden Markov models have traditionally been based on the Viterbi algorithm, an instance of Bellman's principle. This is a two-pass algorithm: the first pass makes local decisions on the direction of potential optimal paths, and the second generates a globally optimal path from the local information. This study eliminates the necessity for a second pass by associating separate objects, representing the history of the recognition, with each recognition score. As a result, it is possible to impose an arbitrary syntax direction mechanism on the recognition by examining these history objects at each frame of the recognized speech and predicting possible recognition paths. This technique presents a natural arrangement for implementing speech recognizers on parallel computing architectures. A demonstration recognizer using a push-down automation to implement a context-free grammar on a transputer network is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Palladium-Catalyzed Trifluoromethylthiolation of Aryl C–H Bonds (2014)

A method for monotrifluoromethylthiolation of arenes via palladium-catalyzed directed C-H bond activation was described. The reaction was compatible with a variety of functional groups. Initial mechanistic studies disclosed that the turnover limiting step of the catalytic cycle did not involve C-H activation.
Gas path sealing in turbine engines (1978)

A survey of gas path seals is presented with particular attention given to sealing clearance effects on engine component efficiency. The effects on compressor pressure ratio and stall margin are pointed out. Various case-rotor relative displacements, which affect gas path seal clearances, are identified. Forces produced by nonuniform sealing clearances and their effect on rotor stability are discussed qualitatively, and recent work on turbine-blade-tip sealing for high temperature is described. The need for active clearance control and for engine structural analysis is discussed. The functions of the internal-flow system and its seals are reviewed.
Nitroaldol Reaction in Aqueous Media:  An Important Improvement of the Henry Reaction (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTNitroaldol Reaction in Aqueous Media: An Important Improvement of the Henry ReactionRoberto Ballini and Giovanna BosicaView Author Information Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche dell'Università, Via S. Agostino n. 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 2, 425–427Publication Date (Web):January 24, 1997Publication History Received25 June 1996Published online24 January 1997Published inissue 1 January 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo961201hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo961201hbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4124Altmetric-Citations124LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aldehydes,Aldol reactions,Organic reactions,Organic synthesis,Solvents Get e-Alerts
The Structure of Two Seven-Coordinate Complexes of Iron(III) (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Structure of Two Seven-Coordinate Complexes of Iron(III)E. Fleischer and S. HawkinsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3, 720–721Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00979a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00979a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views430Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparison of analog and digital Fourier transforms in medical image analysis (2002)

The effectiveness and limitations of medical image processing using analog and digital methods are studied. Several types of errors introduced during the image processing are analyzed. For the analog optical Fourier transform, errors are introduced by the vignetting effect and lens aberration. For the digital Fourier transform, errors are introduced by the aliasing effect and the band limit. To compare the results obtained by the two techniques, a set of x-ray images was processed both optically and digitally. The former was achieved by an optical system containing a large Fourier telephoto lens and the latter by a personal computer using a Fourier transform algorithm. The veracity of both the optical and digital Fourier spectra is analyzed. Our results indicate that the optical method has high speed due to parallel processing. High veracity can be achieved in high frequency regions by using an optimal optical system. In comparison, the digital method has the advantages of high processing precision and programmability, but has low processing speed. The comparison of the two different techniques presented in this article can provide a basis for selection of the processing method in different clinical settings. Even with today's fast computers, the optical method is still suitable for many clinical applications. The best choice lies in an analog-digital combination.
Electrolytic Synthesis and Characterizations of Silver Nanopowder (2011)

This work reports a simple, novel, cost effective and eco-friendly electrolytic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using AgNO3 as metal precursor. The synthesis rate is much faster than other methods and this approach is suitable for large scale production. They are characterized by XRD, SEM and FT-IR techniques to analyze size, morphology and functional groups. XRD studies reveal a high degree of crystallinity and monophasic Ag nanoparticles. Their particle size is found to be 24 nm and specific surface area (SSA) is 24 m2/g. Analysis of Ag nanoparticles SSA reports that increasing their SSA improves their antibacterial actions. Microbiology assay founds that Ag nanoparticles are effective against E.coli and B.megaterium bacteria. SSA of bacteria analysis reveals that it plays a major role while reacting with antimicrobial agents.
Nitrification, Denitrification and Biological Phosphate Removal in Sequencing Batch Reactors Treating Piggery Wastewater (1992)

In Italy, because of the high concentration of animals in many agricultural areas, not all piggery manure can be landspread. Considering their chemical characteristics - high concentration in organics and nutrients -processes providing the removal of COD, N & P have to be adopted. Other aspects have to be considered with regard to cost saving and simple management. In order to study a simple andreliable treatment system, two 51 bench-scale SBRs were built. Each reactor treated 500 ml/d of clarified (after centrifugation) piggery wastewater. A cycle with the following alternating phases of reaction was chosen: first denitrification and phosphorus release, first oxidation-nitrification, second denitrification and second oxidation-nitrification. The systems showed good flexibility and enhanced removal of COD, N and P was easily reached modifying the duration of each phase. The best efficiency in N removal has been noticed in the reactor in which the feeding distribution was done in the two denitrification phases, allowing a better use of the organic substrate for the denitrifying bacteria. This confirmed that the limiting factor, in the removal of N from piggery wastewater, is represented by the too high ratio TKN/COD. Anyway good removals of COD (~93%), N (88-93%) and P(~95%) were obtained in both reactors. A relevant concentration of unbiodegradable COD - at the adopted HRT, SRT and reaction temperature - was still present in the effluent of both reactors (~300 mg/l). Track studies allowed the evaluation of the nitrification and denitrification kinetic constants. Their values were higher than the ones reported in the literature. No inhibition of the nitrifying activity due to high concentration of N-NH4 (&gt;80 mg N/l), was observed. Specific studies on biological phosphate removal have been carried out. In spite of the high concentration of P in the biomass and the low concentration of P in the effluent, showing a surplus biological P removal, no P release was observed; this might have been masked by biologically induced chemical precipitation. In fact, piggery wastewaters are rich in metals and a high concentration of metal-bound P was analytically observed. However, a high concentration of polyphosphates has been analytically determined in the biomass. This should confirm the presence in the microbial community of bacteria performing the surplus P removal.
Jane Austen: A Study of Film Adaptations (2011)

1 Jane Austen’s novels have been adapted for film and television since 1938. This popularity is due to the fact that Austen’s novels tell timeless love stories, which are appealing to audiences. In the 1990’s there were massive quantities of movies or television mini-series made from her books. Today, most people know about the novels through the films they watch. It is hard for the modern reader to relate to the lifestyle and everyday events of the characters in Jane Austen’s books because of such a vast time span. The films help modern society to interpret Austen’s writings. In regards to film adaptation there are two schools of thought. The first school is the traditionalist school that believes that a film should mirror the original work, the novel, as closely and faithfully as possible. The second school is more modern in its interpretation, borrowing certain elements from a novel and presenting them as in a new way. I will examine how directors interpret the novels of Jane Austen through the medium of film. Two traditional adaptations of Austen’s novels are the 1972 BBC mini series, Emma, and the 1995 BBC/A&amp;E mini series, Pride and Prejudice. Two modern adaptations of Austen’s novels are 1995’s Clueless and 2001’s Bridget Jones’s Diary. I