gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low Frequency Mechanical Modes of Viral Capsids: An Atomistic Approach (2008)

We present a method for the calculation of the low frequency vibrational modes and frequencies of viral capsids, or other large molecules, where the modes are modeled with atomic detail. Extending ideas from electronic structure theory, an energy functional is used to find modes of a classical dynamical matrix below a fixed (pseudo-Fermi) level. The icosahedral satellite tobacco necrosis virus is modeled as an example. We find that atoms around the C5 and C3 axis have small relative displacement while the beta sheet body shows gliding motion.
A survey of oesophageal cancer: pathology, stage and clinical presentation (2006)

Adenocarcinoma has become the dominant histologic subtype, comprising 81% of proven malignancies. Despite a change in histopathology, most cancers are diagnosed at an advanced stage, presenting with dysphagia, pain and/or weight loss. Endoscopic surveillance of Barrett's oesophagus allows earlier diagnosis of cancer in most, but not all, patients.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (1994)

Preview Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists will have a significant impact on the practice of medicine in the 1990s. These agents will likely be given to increasing numbers of patients, and primary care physicians themselves may wish to prescribe the drugs when appropriate. This article describes the use of GnRH agonists in the treatment of endometriosis, advanced prostate cancer, and precocious puberty.
Response of dogs treated with ivermectin or milbemycin starting at various intervals after Dirofilaria immitis infection. (2001)

The response to heartworm infection before preventative programs were started was investigated in 56 dogs. Dogs were infected with third-stage larvae of Dirofilaria immitis and started on preventative programs (monthly treatment) with ivermectin/pyrantel pamoate (IVM/PP) or milbemycin oxime (MO) 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, or 6.5 months after infection. Each time period comprised a group of six dogs treated with IVM/PP and six treated with MO. Thoracic radiographs were obtained prior to infection, at the start of preventative treatment, and at regular intervals until dogs were necropsied 1 year after the preventative was started. All dogs developed radiographic signs of heartworm disease, and all had heartworm-related arterial changes at necropsy. From Day 210 to 330, interstitial lung disease was less severe in dogs started on MO 3.5 months after infection than in dogs given IVM/PP at the same time. Arterial surfaces were more severe at necropsy in the dogs started on MO at 4.5 months than in the dogs started on IVM/PP at the same time. There was increased caudal lobar arterial and interstitial disease in the dogs treated with IVM/PP compared with dogs treated with MO; this was attributed to the death of young worms within the caudal pulmonary arteries. Dogs started on either preventative at 5.5 and 6.5 months after infection had radiographic changes and necropsy evaluations that were similar to those of untreated controls. This study reinforces the recommendation of the American Heartworm Society that mature dogs be evaluated for infection prior to starting a monthly preventative and that any dog that tests positive by a heartworm antigen test receive treatment with an adulticide prior to starting a heartworm preventative program.
Controlled and Selective Area Growth of Monolayer Graphene on 4H-SiC Substrate by Electron-Beam-Assisted Rapid Heating (2013)

A facile method for direct and selective area conversion of 4H-SiC substrates into homogeneous epitaxial graphene is demonstrated by the irradiation of a low energy (5 keV) electron beam (e-beam). The localized interactions like scattering, excitation, and ionization between the primary electrons and the SiC surface result in Si–C bond breaking, and the excess kinetic energy of electrons is dissipated as heat that results in the selective sublimation of the Si ion favoring the formation of epitaxial graphene. The thickness of the graphene layer is precisely controlled by varying the e-beam energy and the irradiation time. The number of graphene layers increases with irradiation due to thermally induced Si sublimation over the depth of a few atomic layers depending on the incident energy of the e-beam. The Hall mobility of large area single layer graphene formed on the Si-face is ∼6450 cm2V–1s–1 with a surface carrier density (n-type) of 1.5 × 1013 cm–2. Our results demonstrate that the e-beam irradiation technique is a viable route to define wafer scalable selective area graphene structures directly on semi-insulating 4H-SiC substrates for electronic applications.
Steady-State and Transient Operation of IPMSMs Under Maximum-Torque-per-Ampere Control (2009)

This paper analyzes different aspects of the maximum-torque-per-ampere (MTPA) vector control of interior permanent-magnet synchronous motors at steady state and transient. Two different implementations are considered: a nonlinear-model-based MTPA profile including saturation and cross-saturation effects and a technique based on the maximization of the motor input power versus stator current. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the torque evolution during a transient under an MTPA control strategy on motors with different characteristics. Useful modifications of the current loop are suggested to improve the drive performance. The effects of the torque transient on the sensorless rotor position estimation are also taken into consideration, in case a sensorless MTPA implementation is required. Experimental results confirm the theoretical analysis, showing the benefits of the new control schemes.
EEG Electrode Caps Can Reduce SAR Induced in the Head by GSM900 Mobile Phones (2007)

This paper investigates the influence of EEG electrode caps on specific absorption rate (SAR) in the head from a GSM900 mobile phone (217-Hz modulation, peak power output 2 W). SAR measurements were recorded in an anthropomorphic phantom using a precision robotic system. Peak 10 g average SAR in the whole head and in just the temporal region was compared for three phantom arrangements; no cap, 64-electrode "Electro-Cap," and 64-electrode "Quick-Cap". Relative to the "no cap" arrangement, the Electro-Cap and Quick-Cap caused a peak SAR (10 g) reduction of 14% and 18% respectively in both the whole head and in the temporal region. Additional computational modeling confirmed that SAR (10 g) is reduced by the presence of electrode leads and that the extent of the effect varies according to the orientation of the leads with respect to the radiofrequency (RF) source. The modeling also indicated that the nonconductive shell between the electrodes and simulated head material does not significantly alter the electrode lead shielding effect. The observed SAR reductions are not likely to be sufficiently large to have accounted for null EEG findings in the past but should nonetheless be noted in studies aiming to measure and report human brain activity under similar exposure conditions.
Moderate temperature sodium cells. V - Discharge reactions and rechargeability of NiS and NiS2 positive electrodes in molten NaAlCl4 (1984)

NiS2 and NiS have been characterized as high energy density rechargeable positive electrodes for moderate-temperature Na batteries of the configuration, Na(1)/beta double prime-Al2O3/NaAlCl4(1), NiSx. The batteries operate in the temperature range 170 - 190 C. Positive electrode reactions during discharge/charge cycles have been characterized. Excellent rechargeability of the batteries has been demonstrated by extended cell cycling. A Na/NiS2 cell, operating at 190 C, exceeded 600 deep discharge/charge cycles with practically no capacity deterioration. The feasibility of secondary Na/NiSx batteries with specific energies equal to or greater than 50 Wh/lb and cycle lifes exceeding 1000 deep discharge/charge cycles has been demonstrated.
Preparation of derivatives of 1‐(2‐pyrimidinyl)piperazine as potential antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic agents (2008)

Abstract magnified image This paper describes the preparation of twenty‐eight derivatives of 1‐(2‐pyrimidinyl)piperazine as potential antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic agents. In twenty‐six of the preparations a chloro nitrogen heterocycle was caused to react with an excess of 1‐(2‐pyrimidinyl)piperazine in the absence of solvent. A specific example is given above.
아동권리 보호와 위탁가정 지원정책 활성화 방안 (2004)

본 연구는 자기 집에서 성장할 수 없는 아동들에게 제공되어야 할 가장 바람직한 보호형태를 위탁가정이라고 전제하고, 위탁가정을 적극적으로 개발하고 위탁가정과 위탁아동을 위한 필요한 지원 정책을 제안하기 위해서 시도되었다. 이를 위해 위탁아동들의 권리를 아동권리 협약 규정을 근거로 제시하였고, 위탁아동들과 위탁가정의 실태를 분석하였으며, 위탁아동과 위탁 가정에 대한 정부정책을 평가하였다. 본 연구의 분석결과 위탁사업의 활성화를 위해서는 위탁아동에 대한 법적 권한을 누가소유해야 하는 가를 규정하는 것이 무엇보다 시급한 문제로 위탁가정보호를 적극적으로 실시해 온 서구나라의 사례를 통해 볼 때, 위탁아동이 속한 지방정부가 위탁아동에 대한 법적 권한을 소유할 수 있어야 함을 제안하였다. 이외에도 아동의 교육적, 발달적 요구에 대응할 수 있는 재정적 지원을 위탁가정에 할 수 있어야 하며, 치료적 위탁가정의 발굴, 위탁가정에 대한 지속적인 사후평가의 실시, 위탁가정에 대한 포괄적인 서비스 제공체계의 개발 등을 제안하였다.
Notas sobre los Disdéridos ibéricos: nuevos datos, cartografía y caracterización de la hembra de Dysderidae (1988)

En la presente nota se caracteriza la hembra de Dysdera presai Ferrandez, 1985 y se ofrecen nuevos datos sobre su distribucion y variabilidad morfologica.
Cooperative peer groups in NICE (2003)

A distributed scheme for trust inference in peer-to-peer networks is presented. Our work is in context of the NICE system, which is a platform for implementing cooperative applications over the Internet. We describe a technique for efficiently storing user reputation information in a completely decentralized manner, and show how this information can be used to efficiently identify noncooperative users in NICE. We present a simulation based study of our algorithms, in which we show our scheme scales to thousands of users using modest amounts of storage, processing, and bandwidth at any individual node. Lastly, we show that our scheme is robust and can form cooperative groups in systems where the vast majority of users are malicious.
Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level as a prognostic factor for the patients with advanced gastric cancer (2009)

e15621 Background: Though serum LDH level is frequently elevated in the patients with advanced gastric cancer, its clinical significance is still elusive. Moreover, the relationship between the change of serum LDH level after chemotherapy and the response to the treatment has not been studied, yet. We analyzed serum LDH level as a prognostic factor for the patients with advanced stomach cancer. Methods: We assessed serum LDH level before chemotherapy for the patients who were planned to receive palliative chemotherapy. We re-assessed their serum LDH level at the time when the response to chemotherapy was evaluated after 2–4 cycles of treatment. The survival duration and the response to chemotherapy for the patients with low serum LDH level were compared to the survival duration and the response to chemotherapy for the patients with high serum LDH level. The relationship between the change of serum LDH level and the response to the treatment was evaluated, too. Results: Total 118 patients were entered into this study and 114 patients were evaluable for their response to chemotherapy. Pre-treatment serum LDH level was normal in 88 patients and elevated in 30 patients. The response rate in the patients with high serum LDH level was significantly higher than the response rate in the patients with normal serum LDH level (34.5% versus 15.3%, p < 0.05). However, the patients with normal serum LDH level lived longer than the patients with high serum LDH level (median: 378 days versus 206 days, p < 0.001). The normalizing of the elevated serum LDH level after chemotherapy was related to the good response to treatment (response rate 50.0% versus 18.8%, p < 0.05). Conclusions: For the patients with advanced gastric cancer, high serum LDH level was related to better response to chemotherapy but shorter survival duration. The normalization of elevated serum LDH level after chemotherapy was related to good response to treatment. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Effect of Specimen Size and Material Condition on the Charpy Impact Properties of 9Cr-1Mo-V-Nb Steel (1986)

The degradation of fracture resistance of ferritic steels subjected to neutron irradiation can be qualitatively evaluated by examining the shift in the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature and the drop in the upper-shelf energy as determined in the Charpy impact test. That is an empirical test, however, and its usefulness is derived primarily from either correlation to more quantitative measures of fracture toughness or comparison with other Charpy test results for different materials or conditions of interest. Any departures from the standard testing procedures, including specimen dimensions, will yield results which will vary in some degree from those of a standard test. In examining the effects of neutron irradiation on the fracture resistance of the high-chromium ferritic steels which are candidates for the first wall of magnetic fusion reactors, it is necessary to severely limit the size of the test specimens to be fit within high-flux test reactors. Impact specimens with cross sections as small as ⅓ by ⅓ cm are employed. To evaluate the effectiveness of small specimens in measuring the relative shift in transition temperature and drop in upper-shelf energy, compared with a standard Charpy specimen, a study of the impact properties of 9Cr-1Mo-V-Nb steel in both the normalized and tempered and the quenched-only condition was conducted. Full-size and various subsize Charpy V-notch specimens of two orientations were examined in both material conditions. Comparing the test results of the tempered with the embrittled 9-Cr-1Mo-V-Nb steel showed that larger transition temperature shifts and smaller fractional drops of upper shelf were measured with the small specimens relative to the standard-size specimens. Attempts were made to improve the correspondence of data by fracture area and volume normalization. No improvement in the shift or shelf drop was obtained. However, a fair agreement for the higher energy tests of absolute energy was obtained with fracture volume normalization.
Generic Web-Based Federation of Business Application Systems for E-Commerce Applications. (1999)

. Offering Web-based products often requires that services of different application systems can be combined to a new product that hides the respective fine-grained services and application systems from the customer - thus federating these application systems. Moreover, communication between (legacy) business application systems federated to &quot;produce&quot; a given product has to be ensured on a semantic level. To support this scenario, we introduce a generic federation layer that uses an object-oriented approach as well as the WebComposition Markup Language to facilitate the reuse of code and design. In addition, we show how a semantic inter-application communication can be provided by means of a second basic federation layer. 1 Introduction In the ensuing decade the use of the World Wide Web (WWW, Web) has moved far beyond of its originally anticipated scope. As a matter of fact we notify its gradual change from a distributed system for knowledge-interchange towards a new applica...
An AHRS Based on a Kalmann Filter for the Integration of Inertial, Magnetometric and GPS Data (2010)

The paper describes an Attitude & Heading Reference System able to achieve a high accuracy level by using a Kalman filter, which integrates the measurements coming from low cost inertial sensors, magnetometric sensors and a GPS receiver. The errors correction on attitude and heading angles, calculated through the integration of the gyroscopes measurements, is performed on the basis of their alternative estimation. Such values are provided by a model which uses magnetometric measurements and accurate estimation of the gravity vector, calculated by purging the aircraft acceleration effect from the accelerometers measurements. An estimation of aircraft acceleration is obtained tanks to velocity information coming from GPS measurements.\n\nThe system performance has been evaluated through simulation tests in which the input signals were time histories of acceleration, velocity and position generated by a flight simulator.
Long‐term maintenance therapy with azathioprine in systemic lupus erythematosus (1975)

One hundred ten patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were classified into two groups, patients with central nervous system (CNS) or severe renal disease (usually associated with a poor prognosis) and patients without these manifestations, to define criteria for azathioprine therapy. Fifty-four of 68 patients with a poor prognosis received azathioprine. Azathioprine-treated patients showed improved long-term survival (72% vs 29%, P less than .005) and fewer hospitalizations (0.24/patient-years vs 0.89/patient-years, P less than .001). Azathioprine therapy in 19 of 42 patients with a good prognosis was associated with fewer hospitalizations (.02/patient-years vs .17/patient-years, P less than .05), but no decrease in maintenace prednisone requirement. Progression from a good to a poor prognosis was less frequent (1 of 20 vs 11 of 34, P = less than .05) among azathioprine-treated patients. Toxicity of azathioprine was minimal. Azathioprine therapy is indicated in patients with CNS or severe renal disease, and in patients whose prognosis was good with frequent hospitalizations or a maintenance prednisone requirement greater than 15 mg/day.
Kawasaki syndrome (1987)

CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL: CURRENT ISSUES IN PEDIATRICS. edited by walter orenstein, m.d.: PDF Only
Temperature of the spinal cord during local hypothermia in dogs (1973)

✓ The temperature of the spinal cord parenchyma during local hypothermia was recorded in 18 dogs with and without a 300 to 500 gm-cm spinal cord injury. Other variables included opening the dura, location of the inflow stream, and the use of alcohol bath cooling. In nontraumatized cord, the temperature varied between 5.4° and 23.5°C depending on the location of the inflow stream; the variable range of 10–15 minutes of perfusion to reach these levels was unexpected. Temperatures of the injured cord fell to those of the reservoir (1.0° to 3.8°C) within 2½ minutes. The fact that the temperature of nontraumatized areas two segments cephalad to the injury was also reduced showed the capacity of the cord for thermal conduction. Opening the dura or use of an alcohol bath had little effect on cord temperature. Lack of heat transport due to ischemia is postulated as the primary cause of the rapid reduction of temperature in the injured cord to that of the surrounding environment.
High-resolution images of cone beam collimated CT scans (2004)

We present a novel reconstruction algorithm for high-resolution cone-beam CT. Two ideas are combined to achieve this: First, the ray-offset technique, which is well known for 2D reconstruction, is adapted to the case of cone-beam CT. Instead of interleaving parallel rebinned projections from opposite directions during preprocessing before radial rebinning and filtering, the parallel rebinned projections are interleaved with virtual projections, which contain only zeros. These new projections are processed further as usual. The actual combination of opposite measured projections is moved into the back-projection step of the reconstruction. The second idea is the so-called frequency-split technique, which is designed to minimize cone-beam artifacts. Observing that cone beam artifacts contain mainly low frequency components, the reconstructed image is a combination of two independent reconstructions with differently modified reconstruction filters and different amounts of redundant data. A high-frequency image is reconstructed with the ray offset technique using all the redundant data, and a high pass filter leading to a suppression of low frequency artifacts, while the low-frequency components of the image are reconstructed by using little redundant data only. The proposed technique is applied to the WEDGE algorithm and helical acquisition.
Lawrence H. Gipson and the First British Empire: an Evaluation (1963)

North Americans are today living through a period of historic commemorations: the centennial of the Civil War, the centennial in 1967 of the Dominion of Canada, and a striking series of bicentennials, few years which lack their events to remember or to celebrate. Two hundred years ago this year the Treaty of Paris was signed. It and the events of which it was the culmination and the outcome changed the course of history, for they determined that England, not France, was to give her language and culture to that large part of the lands beyond the seas over which the fighting had taken place. No period has been more closely examined. The examination has gone on for the two centuries intervening, and will go on. In 1959 there appeared several new books on Wolfe and the taking of Quebec: by 2059 no doubt there will be still others. Why not? In those years a world was changing hands. Gipson's huge work is the latest full dress account of the period, and so wide is its scope that it has been in the making for over thirty years. The British Empire before the American Revolution has now reached its tenth volume. Two more are planned: one to cover the period 1770-75, one to include comments on other accounts and bibliographical material. Since Volume X actually reaches only to 1766, it may be that the author will, if spared, add three. The undertaking has built up into a massive historical structure.
Angiogenesis index CD105 (endoglin)/CD31 (PECAM-1) as a predictive factor for invasion and proliferation in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas. (2010)

Neovascularisation plays an important role in the tumorigenesis of invasive IPMN of the pancreas, and therefore angiogenesis-associated molecules like CD105 and CD31 might be useful tools as prognostic markers. Furthermore, the results indicate a potential role for adjuvant anti-angiogenic therapies in selected patients with recurring and/or invasive IPMN of the pancreas.
Anti-Oxidants in Parkinson's Disease Therapy: A Critical Point of View (2016)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative neurological syndrome, which is characterized by the preferential death of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the Substantia Nigra. The pathogenesis of this disorder remains poorly understood and PD is still incurable. Current drug treatments are aimed primarily for the treatment of symptoms to improve the quality of life. Therefore, there is a need to find out new therapeutic strategies that not only provide symptomatic relief but also halt or reverse the neuronal damage hampering PD progression. Oxidative stress has been identified as one of the major contributors for the nigral loss in both sporadic and genetic forms of PD. In this review we first evaluate the current literature that links oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction to PD. We then consider the results obtained through the treatment of animal models or PD patients with molecules that prevent oxidative stress or reduce mitochondrial dysfunction.
Mesures pour reduire les emissions NOx des moteurs pour vehicules utilitaires (1996)

Future reduced NO x standards shall be met without deteriorating fuel economy and particle emissions. R and D shall thus be done in appropriate directions, such as: fuel rate modulation, EGR optimization, water injection, Miller process. This paper presents the results obtained by FEV.