gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF MARTENSITE VOLUME FRACTION ON THE WORK HARDENING BEHAVIOR OF DUAL PHASE STEELS (2009)

The strain hardening exponent (n) in the stress-strain relationship of metals and alloys is an indicator of their stretchability during press forming operations. The larger the n value, the more the material can deform before instability, and the material can be stretched further before necking starts. This paper aims to investigate work hardening behavior of dual phase steels. A series of dual-phase (DP) steels containing ferrite and martensite with different volume fractions of martensite (Vm) were produced by intercritical heat treatment. Work hardening behavior was analyzed in terms of Holloman analysis. Results showed that in DP steels with less than %50 V m, the work hardening took place in one stage and the work hardening exponent increased with increasing Vm. By increasing the volum fraction of martensite (V m>%50) more than one stage will be observed in the Hollomon analysis.
Fundamentals of Microwave Transmission Lines (1996)

Introduction to distributed circuits the mathematics of traveling waves coupled lines time domain topics sinusoidal steady states the Smith chart single frequency matching.
Stellenwert selektiver MIP-Rekonstruktionen einer atemgetriggerten 3D-TSE-MR-Cholangiographie an einer Workstation gegenüber den MIP-Standardprojektionen und einer Single-Shot-MRCP (2001)

SS and standard MIP reconstructions showed comparable anatomical visualisation. Selective MIP postprocessing on a workstation offers a better visualisation of the pancreaticobiliary system and is useful for detecting pathological alterations.
Speed estimation in head-on vehicle/pole impacts - update: october, 1995 (1995)

Head-on collisions of autos into narrow fixed objects such as trees and utility poles are a common occurrence that the accident reconstructionist has to deal with. Unfortunately, little pole impact data has been available to the reconstructionist and most of the available pole impact crush/energy/speed equations have been based on limited data. Accuracy of speed estimations suffered as a result. The results of several NHTSA tests have become available herein. Some appears on pages 22-27 of this issue and more appears in the Sept./Oct. 1993 issue and May/June 1995. Other pole impact test results appeared in SAE paper 920605 by Nystrom and Kost. This data was evaluated collectively to analyze the responses of different makes/models to narrow fixed object impacts, and to evaluate the accuracy of different crush/energy/speed equations.
[Structure of the tunica vaginalis of the human testis and its microcirculatory bed during the pubertal period]. (1977)

The microvascularization of the layers of the tunica vaginalis propria testis in juveniles and youths is different in morphological parameters which is responsible for their participation in metabolic processes. The distribution of vessel diameters is based on the regularity of random variation. The number of classes for each link of the microcirculatory bed in the tunics studied practically coincide. In any microvascular part of the parietal and visceral layers of the vaginal tunic of the testis a class (a leading functional group of vessels) may be established which has substantially greater density than that of other classes of the variation line presented. The results of morphometry show the prevalence of the venular portion over the arterial one in each of the layers under study. However, the difference between the venular and arterial portions of the microcirculatory bed is more considerable in the parietal layer which is sure to influence the degree of its outflow from the microvascular system.
Homogenous Crack-Free Large Size YBCO/YSZ/Sapphire Films for Application (2006)

YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) films grown on Sapphire are highly suitable for applications. The production of large size (2–3″) homogeneous, thick (d ⩾ 600nm) films of high quality is of major importance. We report the growth of such films using a buffer layer of Yttrium‐stabilized ZrO2(YSZ). The films are highly homogeneous and show excellent mechanical properties. They exhibit no sign of cracking even after many thermal cycles. Their critical thickness exceeds 1000nm. However, because of the large lattice mismatch there is a decrease in the electric properties(increases Rs, decreases jc).
Transient depletion of <scp>CD</scp>4<sup>+</sup> <scp>CD</scp>25<sup>+</sup> regulatory <scp>T</scp> cells results in multiple autoimmune diseases in wild‐type and B‐cell‐deficient <scp>NOD</scp> mice (2013)

Approximately 80% of female wild-type non-obese diabetic (WT NOD) mice spontaneously develop diabetes, whereas B-cell-deficient (B(-/-)) NOD mice are resistant to diabetes. B(-/-) mice are also resistant to other spontaneous and experimentally induced autoimmune diseases, including arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren syndrome and thyroiditis. Under normal conditions, activation of self-reactive T cells in the periphery is limited by CD4(+) CD25(+) natural regulatory T (Treg) cells. B(-/-) NOD.H-2h4 mice, normally resistant to spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis (SAT), develop SAT when Treg cells are depleted, suggesting that Treg cells are preferentially activated when autoantigen is initially presented by non-B-cell antigen-presenting cells. To test the hypothesis that increased Treg cell activity in B(-/-) mice contributes to their resistance to other autoimmune diseases, WT and B(-/-) NOD mice were given anti-CD25 to transiently deplete CD4(+) CD25(+) Treg cells. The WT and B(-/-) NOD mice given anti-CD25 developed diabetes much earlier than WT mice given rat IgG, whereas rat IgG-treated B(-/-) mice did not develop diabetes. Treg-cell-depleted mice had increased lymphocyte infiltration of the pancreas, salivary glands and thyroid compared with controls given rat IgG. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that resistance of B-cell-deficient NOD mice to several autoimmune diseases is due to the activity of Treg cells.
DEVELOPMENT OF SYNTHETIC LUBRICANTS FOR AIRCRAFT GAS TURBINES (1954)

The driving force behind the urge for ever-increasing engine power is the desire for greatly increased speeds, particulary in military interceptor aircraft.
Fusion of negatively charged phospholipid vesicles by α‐latrotoxin (1990)

alpha-Latrotoxin-induced fusion of liposomes has been described using large unilamellar vesicles composed of phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine/cardiolipin at a molar ratio of 2:3:5. Vesicle fusion was monitored by terbium/dipicolinic acid assay as well as by fluorescence energy transfer measurement. The enhancement of the fusogenic effect of LTX by low concentrations (0.1-3 mM) of CaCl2 has been demonstrated. The efficiency of other divalent cations on the LTX fusogenic activity was shown to decrease in the sequence Ca greater than Cd greater than Sr greater than Mg greater than Ba. LTX-induced fusion was accompanied by the increase of vesicle size measured by laser correlation spectroscopy. It is concluded that fusogenic action of LTX may be involved in its effect on synaptic apparatus.
Oncogenic features of the JMJD2A histone demethylase in breast cancer (2012)

Estrogen receptor α (ERα) plays a pivotal role in the genesis of the majority of breast tumors. Consequently, endocrine therapy is now routinely utilized in the clinic for the treatment of ERα-positive breast cancer patients. However, how ERα activity becomes dysregulated in breast cancer cells remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to show that the histone demethylase JMJD2A, also known as KDM4A, is capable of forming a complex with ERα in vivo. Moreover, wild-type JMJD2A, but not a catalytically impaired mutant, was able to strongly coactivate ERα-mediated transcription. Consistently, the downregulation of JMJD2A in human T47D breast cancer cells led to a decreased expression of cyclin D1, a prominent ERα target gene and cell cycle regulator. The downregulation of JMJD2A induced a reduction in the growth of T47D cells. In addition, we found that JMJD2A is overexpressed in human breast tumors both at the mRNA and protein level. Taken together, these data indicate that the overexpression of JMJD2A may contribute to breast tumor formation by stimulating ERα activity and that JMJD2A may be a breast-relevant oncoprotein. As such, small molecule drugs targeting the catalytic center of JMJD2A might be useful in breast cancer adjuvant therapy.
The effect of decongestive nosedrops on human respiratory mucosa in Vitro (1994)

The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological effects of decongestive drops and sprays on human respiratory mucosa in vitro. Precultured fragments of adenoid tissue in a specially designed tissue culture system were exposed to decongestive preparations for 10 minutes once a day for 10 days. Tissue exposed to preparations preserved with benzalkonium chloride and tissue exposed to benzalkonium chloride alone underwent severe morphological alterations. Unpreserved decongestive substances did not have this effect. Benzalkonium chloride is a well-documented toxic substance in several respects. Supported by previous studies, it may seem unfortunate to use it as an additive in decongestive preparations.
Hollow dielectric waveguide for distributed feedback lasers (1972)

Hollow dielectric waveguides with gas-filled core and a dielectric tube seem promising as laser structures. The tube fulfills the dual role of a guidance structure for the electromagnetic radiation as well as that of a container for the plasma of the gas laser. Feedback for laser oscillation is achieved by providing coupling between forward- and backward-traveling modes by means of periodic ripples of the inner surface of the hollow dielectric tube. This paper is devoted to the derivation of the coupling coefficients between two guided modes that are coupled by ripples in the tube wall. The calculation is based on the model of a slab waveguide. Expressions for the leaky-mode losses and the scattering losses inevitably introduced by the coupling mechanism are also presented.
Cancer/testis antigens and gametogenesis: a review and "brain-storming" session. (2005)

Genes expressed both in normal testis and in malignancies (Cancer/ Testis associated genes - CTA) have become the most extensively studied antigen group in the field of tumour immunology. Despite this, many fundamentally important questions remain unanswered: what is the connection between germ-cell specific genes and tumours? Is the expression of these genes yet another proof for the importance of genome destabilisation in the process of tumorigenesis?, or maybe activation of these genes is not quite random but instead related to some programme giving tumours a survival advantage?This review collates most of the recent information available about CTAs expression, function, and regulation. The data suggests a programme related to ontogenesis, mostly to gametogenesis. In the "brain-storming" part, facts in conflict with the hypothesis of random CTA gene activation are discussed. We propose a programme borrowed from organisms phylogenetically much older than humans, which existed before the differentiation of sexes. It is a programme that has served as a life cycle with prominent ploidy changes, and from which, as we know, the germ-cell ploidy cycle - meiosis - has evolved. Further work may show whether this hypothesis can lead to a novel anti-tumour strategy.
Introduction (2005)

There is no shortage of books about ‘new’ Labour. The repackaging of the British Labour Party in the 1980s and 1990s has been the subject of much academic study and even more journalistic speculation. Numerous volumes and articles have sought to dissect the personalities involved, the policy directions pursued and the extent to which the party’s underlying values have or have not changed.1
Supramolecular amphiphiles (2010)

Supramolecular amphiphiles (SA), also named superamphiphiles, refer to amphiphiles that are formed by non-covalent interactions. This tutorial review focuses on the molecular architectures of SAs, including diversified topologies such as single chain, double chain, bolaform, gemini and rotaxane types. Non-covalent syntheses that have been employed to fabricate SAs are driven by hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction, host-guest recognition, charge transfer interaction, metal coordination and so on. It should be noted that SAs can be either small organic molecules or polymers. SAs allow for tuning of their amphiphilicity in a reversible fashion, leading to controlled self-assembly and disassembly. This line of research has been enriching traditional colloid chemistry and current supramolecular chemistry, and the application of SAs in the field of functional supramolecular materials is keenly anticipated.
NZSED: Building and Using a Speech Database for New Zealand English (2002)

The extent of progress achieved in the development of NZSED, the New Zealand Spoken English Database, is discussed. The processes of compilation of spoken materials and labelling, aimed at making NZSED a helpful tool in NZE teaching and research, are described.
Synthetic precursors of flavor compounds with a thiol group (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic precursors of flavor compounds with a thiol groupLeonard Schutte and Arnold Van der HeijdenCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1973, 21, 2, 226–229Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60186a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60186a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views102Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gene Targeting of Cdc42 and Cdc42GAP Affirms the Critical Involvement of Cdc42 in Filopodia Induction, Directed Migration, and Proliferation in Primary Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts (2006)

Recent studies in Cdc42 knockout mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and ES-derived fibroblastoid cell lines raise concern on a body of literature derived by dominant mutant expression approach in a variety of cell lines implicating mammalian Cdc42 as a key regulator of filopodia induction, directional migration and cell cycle progression. To resolve the physiological function of mammalian Cdc42, we have characterized the Cdc42(-/-) and Cdc42GAP(-/-) primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) produced by gene targeting as the Cdc42 loss- or gain-of-activity cell model. The Cdc42(-/-) cells were defective in filopodia formation stimulated by bradykinin and in dorsal membrane ruffling stimulated by PDGF, whereas the Cdc42GAP(-/-) cells displayed spontaneous filopodia. The Cdc42 loss- or gain-of-activity cells were defective in adhesion to fibronectin, wound-healing, polarity establishment, and migration toward a serum gradient. These defects were associated with deficiencies of PAK1, GSK3beta, myosin light chain, and FAK phosphorylation. Furthermore, Cdc42(-/-) cells were defective in G1/S-phase transition and survival, correlating with deficient NF-kappaB transcription and defective JNK, p70 S6K, and ERK1/2 activation. These results demonstrate a different requirement of Cdc42 activity in primary MEFs from ES or ES-derived clonal fibroblastoid cells and suggest that Cdc42 plays cell-type-specific signaling roles.
Electrodeposited Vanadium Dioxide Films with Unique Optical Property (2019)

This study represents a facile but effective electrodeposition method to fabricate vanadium dioxide (VO₂) thin films on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass at room temperature. The film microstructure (thickness, surface structure, particle size and composition) and relevant optical properties were investigated by several advanced techniques. The pertinent variables that can affect the thin film formation and structure, such as deposition potential, time and post-treatment annealing temperature were also studied. It was found that the film thickness could be tuned from 35 to 130 nm by adjusting the potential from -1.22 to -1.35 V, and consequently leading to optical transmittance decreasing from ∼60% to ∼38% in the wavelength of 500-1000 nm, further confirmed by computational simulations using three-dimension (3D) finite-difference time-domain method. The hysteresis loop of the generated VO₂ film on FTO glass shows that the phase transition temperature from monoclinic to rutile is around 73 °C, a little higher than pure monoclinic VO₂ (∼68 °C) in this study. This proposed electrodeposition method is possible to extend into obtaining metal oxide films with tuneable surface properties for thermochromic smart devices.
Proof of an Unaltered Document (1959)

The author has been active in the field of handwriting and typewriting identification for the past twenty years and has maintained an office in New York City since 1946. He is President of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences; Police Science Editor of this Journal; and author of the Scientific Examination of Questioned Documents (Callaghan & Co., Chicago, 1956) as well as numerous articles which have appeared in this and other leading technical journals. This paper was originally published in Kriminalistik (Nov. 1958), having been translated into the German by Dr. Alfred Kraut of Miinchen, Germany, and appears in this Journal by special arrangement.
A method of tagging specific-purpose linkers with an antibiotic-resistance gene for linker mutagenesis using a selectable marker. (1991)

A method is described for tagging double-stranded linkers with an antibiotic-resistance gene permitting the direct selection of specific linker insertions during random linker-insertion mutagenesis; after selection, the antibiotic-resistance marker is removed leaving the linker-encoded restriction site in the target gene. The method is simple, relying on commercially available linkers and DNA-modifying enzymes, but retains considerable target site flexibility. The tagged linkers can be inserted at blunt-ended sites created in the target gene with DNase I or at sites created by restriction enzyme digestion leaving blunt ends, 5'-CG or 5'-GATC extensions. The advantages of such an approach over the use of standard antibiotic-resistance gene cartridges is discussed.
MRI Image Segmentation Using Level Set Method and Implement an Medical Diagnosis System (2011)

Image segmentation plays a vital role in image processing over the last few years. The goal of image segmentation is to cluster the pixels into salient image regions i.e., regions corresponding to individual surfaces, objects, or natural parts of objects. In this paper, we propose a medical diagnosis system by using level set method for segmenting the MRI image which investigates a new variational level set algorithm without re-initialization to segment the MRI image and to implement a competent medical diagnosis system by using MATLAB. Here we have used the speed function and the signed distance function of the image in segmentation algorithm. This system consists of thresholding technique, curve evolution technique and an eroding technique. Our proposed system was tested on some MRI Brain images, giving promising results by detecting the normal or abnormal condition specially the existence of tumers. This system will be applied to both simulated and real images with promising results.
Adjuvant Therapy of Primary Breast Cancer: A Review of Key Findings from the 7th International Conference, St. Gallen, February 2001 (2001)

Breast cancer research has developed at a rapid pace over the last decades. Recent discoveries promise to provide individualized treatment options, increased long-term survival for women with breast cancer, and the possibility of moving toward curative intent in the treatment of advanced breast cancer. Age, race, tumor size, histological tumor type, axillary nodal status, standardized pathological grade, and hormone-receptor status are accepted as established prognostic and/or predictive factors for selection of systemic adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. The role of other promising new factors, such as p53 mutations, HER-2 status, plasminogen activator system, histological evidence of vascular invasion, and quantitative parameters of angiogenesis will be determined in ongoing prospective studies. Currently, 5 years' treatment with adjuvant tamoxifen in women with hormone-positive receptor status, is regarded as the optimal duration of treatment. Long-term follow-up on the randomized trials will determine the added benefit of treatment beyond 5 years. Ovarian ablation has shown a reduction in recurrence and death, and the exact role and extent of adjuvant chemotherapy in premenopausal women with hormone-responsive tumors is under discussion. Combination hormonal and chemo-hormonal therapies are also being evaluated. There are no convincing data on the survival impact of tamoxifen as a preventative therapy for breast cancer: longer-term follow-up is required, and the planned meta-analyses in 2005 should help shed light on this issue. Statistically significant benefits have been observed with adjuvant chemotherapy (particularly with anthracycline-containing regimens in premenopausal women) versus no adjuvant chemotherapy. The optimal length of adjuvant anthracycline/cyclophosphamide (AC) regimens needs further evaluation as do randomized comparisons of AC to cyclophosphamide/ doxorubicin/5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cyclophosphamide/epirubicin/5-FU. Although taxanes promise to provide an additive benefit to adjuvant chemotherapy regimens, the Cancer and Leukemia Group B 9344 and the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-28 studies evaluating paclitaxel in the adjuvant setting have not yet demonstrated statistically significant benefits on disease-free survival and overall survival. In the year 2000, all adjuvant therapy studies conducted by the Co-operative Groups in both node-negative and node-positive disease involve a taxane. High-dose chemotherapy evaluations are still ongoing. The numerous prospective adjuvant therapy trials (hormonal; selective estrogen-receptor modulators; aromatase inhibitors; chemotherapy, involving anthracyclines/taxanes/platinum/trastuzumab; biological factors; elderly women (>70 years); high-risk patients; radiotherapy in 1-3 positive lymph nodes), and neoadjuvant studies might further define the chances to enhance cure rates in the treatment of primary breast cancer.
A 50MHz 8Mb video RAM with a column direction drive sense amplifier (1989)

Recently, higher picture quality is essential to TV, VCR and graphics display system. From this viewpoint, Field or frame memories have been developed as a delay element for digital video signal processing, for example IMb video RAM (VRAMYII. To obtain B system with low cost and high performance, however, a video memory system with high speed and large capacity is eagerly required. This paper will describe an 8Mb .VRAM with B 5OMHz serial data access path.