gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Qualification of a Nonintrusive Multiphase Flow Meter in Viscous Flows (2000)

Abstract New requirements have recently appeared for accurate and reliable flow rate measurements in various operational areas where viscous fluids are produced. Heavy oil as produced in Venezuela, Confederation of Independent States (CIS), Brazil, Angola and China and lighter oil emulsified with large water cuts (worldwide) present new challenges to multiphase metering. The compact, cost-effective multiphase meter described in this paper is intended to replace large, costly test separators designed for heavy oils. The meter is non-intrusive and combines a classical venturi to measure total mass flow rate and a dual energy gamma-ray composition meter to measure oil, water and gas fractions. A benefit of this compact design is that the meter can be switched from one well to another and provide robust, consistent flow rate measurements without any flow recalibration. According to published single-phase flow literature, liquid viscosity plays an important role in meter performance. Oil companies are becoming increasingly aware of these problems and want more evidence that a multiphase meter will perform regardless of fluid properties. To qualify the multiphase meter in high-viscosity flows, we conducted comprehensive flow loop tests in Venezuela. The challenge was to gain a solid understanding of viscosity effects even in the presence of large amounts of gas, and for the entire operating envelope of the meter. These test results have been used to refine the meter interpretation model to maintain the metering accuracy in these conditions. The interpretation includes a mixture viscosity model based on the dead-oil viscosity; for permanent monitoring and periodic testing, the effluent viscosity variations are updated when pressure, temperature or water cut is changing. To demonstrate that the specified measurement accuracy was achieved up to the highest viscosities tested (several thousand centipoise), the meter was field tested in comparison with a test separator. We present the results of 54 jobs. Until recently, the only multiphase meters available to measure viscous oil flowing with gas were intrusive. Positive displacement meters, such as oval gears, twin helical screws or vane types, were used to measure the total gas-liquid volume flow rate. These meters are very sensitive to severe slugging in the upstream pipeline and prone to mechanical damage from produced solid particles. The lightweight, small-footprint meter described here solves these problems. Consistent flow rate information can be obtained even when the meter is switched from well to well. Fluid property or flow regime changes do not affect the flow rate measurement.
The Use of Certain Aromatic Diamidines in the Treatment of Kala-Azar (1940)

(1940). The Use of Certain Aromatic Diamidines in the Treatment of Kala-Azar. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology: Vol. 34, No. 3-4, pp. 181-197.
ChemInform Abstract: Formal Total Syntheses of Alkannin and Shikonin. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Wavelet image coding using direction and power classified vector quantization (2002)

This paper proposes a new scheme for image coding using wavelet transforms. We treat a two-level transformed image with seven subimages. Apart from the lowest subimage, we classify the subimages into 3 groups by direction. In each group, we form 5-D crossband vectors, each consisting of one sample of level 2 subimage and 2/spl times/2 samples of level 1 subimage corresponding to the same spatial location in the original image. The resulted 3 vector groups are further classified into 3 classes by their vector powers, respectively. Then direction and power classified vectors are vector quantized using their own codebooks. The lowest subimage is coded by 2D-DPCM.
NGOs and Health Sector Policy (1997)

The development of policy is the product of analysis and value judgement, the latter heavily influenced by ideology. Policy should be set in the context of time and place. Blueprints are neither feasible nor desirable. Chapter 3 set out a number of scenarios for the health sector as a backdrop to the discussion of the potential comparative advantage of overall health sector NGOs as individual organizations and as a sub-sector. The chapter concluded that there was no firm evidence that NGOs do have an a priori advantage over the State in any of the four broad functions, though they may be better equipped for certain activities under particular sets of conditions. All the actors involved in the development of national policy — the State, NGOs themselves (both from industrialized countries and from developing countries) and bilateral and multilateral donor agencies — need to ensure that they adopt a policy stance which is firmly grounded in the conditions prevailing in each particular country.
Stability of K-Means Clustering (2007)

We phrase K-means clustering as an empirical risk minimization procedure over a class ℋK and explicitly calculate the covering number for this class. Next, we show that stability of K-means clustering is characterized by the geometry of ℋK with respect to the underlying distribution. We prove that in the case of a unique global minimizer, the clustering solution is stable with respect to complete changes of the data, while for the case of multiple minimizers, the change of Ω(n1/2) samples defines the transition between stability and instability. While for a finite number of minimizers this result follows from multinomial distribution estimates, the case of infinite minimizers requires more refined tools. We conclude by proving that stability of the functions in ℋK implies stability of the actual centers of the clusters. Since stability is often used for selecting the number of clusters in practice, we hope that our analysis serves as a starting point for finding theoretically grounded recipes for the choice of K.
One time key Issuing for Verification and Detecting Caller ID Spoofing Attacks (2017)

Caller ID has been used to tell the recipient who is calling before answering the call. In fact, nowadays using just Caller ID is not enough to proof the real caller since there are several ways to manipulate the caller identity. There are number of solutions to proof the caller e.g. using Time base, SMS base, or hardware. Even using DSA and CA, it can lead to data leak or inconsistent verification processing. The One-time password practices can mitigate the risk of Man-in-the-middle attacks because SSL has vulnerability assessment that can lead to MITM or man in the middle attack. The attacker can intercept SSL verification process between Server and client for sniffing then spoofing. It would be better if we can find a solution that does not rely on CA, Third party and/or external hardware. In this paper, we propose the solution with self-controlled security and one-time key issue to avoid data leak. The one-time key issuance is a good solution for verification and detecting caller ID Spoofing attacker through this methodology since it does not rely on third-party CA and store certification anywhere. This solution provides the best of key management as the one-time secret key is used. Results from our test lab show effectively verification rates and good performance where resource and power consumption are not impacted.
Electrocochleography: A Review of Recording Approaches, Clinical Applications, and New Findings in Adults and Children (2010)

Research related to expanding and improving the clinical use of electrocochleography (ECochG) has been ongoing for 25 yr at the University of Kansas Medical Center. This article presents highlights of findings from our laboratory during this period that have contributed to current ECochG recording approaches and clinical applications. A review of new data related to improving the sensitivity of ECochG in the diagnosis of Ménière's disease, the use of an ear canal recording approach for improving auditory brain stem response testing in newborns, and technical aspects related to recording the cochlear microphonic in newborns also will be presented.
Properties of Bacteriophage T4 Mutants Defective in Gene 30 (Deoxyribonucleic Acid Ligase) and the rII Gene (1971)

In Escherichia coli K-12 strains infected with phage T4 which is defective in gene 30 [deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ligase] and in the rII gene (product unknown), near normal levels of DNA and viable phage were produced. Growth of such T4 ligase-rII double mutants was less efficient in E. coli B strains which show the "rapidlysis" phenotype of rII mutations. In pulse-chase experiments coupled with temperature shifts and with inhibition of DNA synthesis, it was observed that DNA synthesized by gene 30-defective phage is more susceptible to breakdown in vivo when the phage is carrying a wild-type rII gene. Breakdown was delayed or inhibited by continued DNA synthesis. Mutations of the rII gene decreased but did not completely abolish the breakdown. T4 ligase-rII double mutants had normal sensitivity to ultraviolet irradiation.
Temperature-dependent characteristics of polysilicon and diffused resistors (2003)

The temperature-dependent characteristics of polysilicon and diffused resistors have been studied. By using 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS technology, a cobalt salicide process is employed and silicide is formed at the ends of resistors. Based on a simple and useful model, some important parameters of resistors including bulk sheet resistance (R/sub bulk/) and interface resistance (R/sub interface/) are obtained at different temperature. For diffused resistors, the R/sub bulk/ and R/sub interface/ values increase and decrease with increase of temperature, respectively. Positive values of temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) are observed. Furthermore, TCR values decrease with decreasing resistor size. For polysilicon resistors, the R/sub interface/ values decrease with increase of temperature. In addition, negative and positive TCR values of R/sub bulk/ are found in n/sup +/ and p/sup +/ polysilicon resistors, respectively. In conclusion, by comparing the studied diffused and polysilicon resistors, negative trends of TCR are observed when the resistor size decreases.
Combining artificial neural networks and statistics for stock-market forecasting (1993)

We have developed a stock-market forecasting system based on artificial neural networks. The system has been trained with the Standard & Poor 500 composite indexes of past twenty years. Meanwhile, the system produces the forecasts and adjusts itself by comparing its forecasts with the actual indexes. Since most of stock-market forecasting systems are based on some kind of statistical models, we have also implemented a statistical system based on Box-Jenkins ARIMA(p,d,q) model of time series. We compare the performance of the these systems. It shows that the artificial neural network's forecasting is generally superior to time series but it occasionally produces some very wild forecasting values. We then developed a transfer function model to forecast based on the indexes and the forecasts by the artificial neural networks.
Regulation of actin organisation by TGF-β in <i>H-ras</i>-transformed fibroblasts (1999)

ABSTRACT The actin cytoskeleton undergoes architectural changes during the processes of cell transformation and tumourigenesis. Transforming growth factors β arrest cell cycle progression, regulate differentiation and modulate the onset of oncogenesis and tumourigenesis. Here, we investigated the direct role of transforming growth factor β-1 in altering the transformed phenotype and regulating the actin organisation of oncogenic fibroblasts that constitutively or inducibly express the H-ras oncogene. Following transforming growth factor β-1 treatment, these transformed fibroblasts undergo a dramatic morphological alteration that includes a discrete reorganisation of their actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesions. Quantitative biochemical analysis demonstrated that transforming growth factor β-1 potently induced polymerisation of globular to filamentous actin, thus corroborating the morphological analysis. The effect of transforming growth factor β-1 on the cytoskeleton correlates with the ability of this cytokine to suppress anchorage-independent growth of the transformed fibroblasts. Furthermore, transforming growth factor β-1 upregulates considerably the levels of the RhoB small GTPase and less the RhoA levels. Finally, The Rho GTPase inhibitor, C3 exotransferase, blocks the ability of TGF-β1 to induce cytoskeletal reorganisation. These findings indicate that transforming growth factor β can regulate cell morphology and growth in a concerted manner possibly via mechanisms that control the actin cytoskeleton.
Foreign Exchange Risk Management — A Balanced Portfolio (1992)

Changes in the financial and competitive environment have been a recurring stimulus to corporate reappraisal of foreign exchange risk management (FERM) policy. In 14 UK company cases studied by the author, treasurers identified the following competitive and financial environmental influences on FERM policy.
The use of watermarks in the protection of digital multimedia products (1999)

The watermarking of digital images, audio, video, and multimedia products in general has been proposed for resolving copyright ownership and verifying originality of content. This paper studies the contribution of watermarking for developing protection schemes. A general watermarking framework (GWF) is studied and the fundamental demands are listed. The watermarking algorithms, namely watermark generation, embedding, and detection, are analyzed and necessary conditions for a reliable and efficient protection are stated. Although the GWF satisfies the majority of requirements for copyright protection and content verification, there are unsolved problems inside a pure watermarking framework. Particular solutions, based on product registration and related network services, are suggested to overcome such problems.
Pupil dilation betrays the timing of decisions (2010)

The notion of "mind-reading" by carefully observing another individual's physiological responses has recently become commonplace in popular culture, particularly in the context of brain imaging. The question remains, however, whether outwardly accessible physiological signals indeed betray a decision before a person voluntarily reports it. In one experiment we asked observers to push a button at any time during a 10-s period ("immediate overt response"). In a series of three additional experiments observers were asked to select one number from five sequentially presented digits but concealed their decision until the trial's end ("covert choice"). In these experiments observers either had to choose the digit themselves under conditions of reward and no reward, or were instructed which digit to select via an external cue provided at the time of the digit presentation. In all cases pupil dilation alone predicted the choice (timing of button response or chosen digit, respectively). Consideration of the average pupil-dilation responses, across all experiments, showed that this prediction of timing was distinct from a general arousal or reward-anticipation response. Furthermore, the pupil dilation appeared to reflect the post-decisional consolidation of the selected outcome rather than the pre-decisional cognitive appraisal component of the decision. Given the tight link between pupil dilation and norepinephrine levels during constant illumination, our results have implications beyond the tantalizing mind-reading speculations. These findings suggest that similar noradrenergic mechanisms may underlie the consolidation of both overt and covert decisions.
A low-power oscillator mixer in 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS technology (2006)

A downconversion double-balanced oscillator mixer using 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS technology is proposed in this paper. This oscillator mixer consists of an individual mixer stacked on a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). The stacked structure allows entire mixer current to be reused by the VCO cross-coupled pair to reduce the total current consumption of the individual VCO and mixer. Using individual supply voltages and eliminating the tail current source, the stacked topology requires 1.0-V low supply voltage. The oscillator mixer achieves a voltage conversion gain of 10.9 dB at 4.2-GHz RF frequency. The oscillator mixer exhibits a tuning range of 11.5% and a single-sideband noise figure of 14.5 dB. The dc power consumption is 0.2 mW for the mixer and 2.94 mW for the VCO. This oscillator mixer requires a lower supply voltage and achieves a higher operating frequency among recently reported Si-based self-oscillating mixers and mixer oscillators. The mixer in this oscillator mixer also achieves a low power consumption compared with recently reported low-power mixers.
The West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory (WHYMPI) (1985)

The complexity of chronic pain has represented a major dilemma for clinical researchers interested in the reliable and valid assessment of the problem and the evaluation of treatment approaches. The West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory (WHYMPI) was developed in order to fill a widely recognized void in the assessment of clinical pain. Assets of the inventory are its brevity and clarity, its foundation in contemporary psychological theory, its multidimensional focus, and its strong psychometric properties. Three parts of the inventory, comprised of 12 scales, examine the impact of pain on the patients' lives, the responses of others to the patients' communications of pain, and the extent to which patients participate in common daily activities. The instrument is recommended for use in conjunction with behavioral and psychophysiological assessment strategies in the evaluation of chronic pain patients in clinical settings. The utility of the WHYMPI in empirical investigations of chronic pain is also discussed.
Promoting long-term cycling performance of high-voltage Li<sub>2</sub>CoPO<sub>4</sub>F by the stabilization of electrode/electrolyte interface (2013)

High-voltage Li2CoPO4F (∼5 V vs. Li/Li+) with double-layer surface coating has been successfully prepared for the first time. The Li3PO4-coated Li2CoPO4F shows a high reversible capacity of 154 mA h g−1 (energy density up to 700 W h kg−1) at 1 C current rate, and excellent rate capability (141 mA h g−1 at 20 C). XRD and MAS NMR results show that Li2CoPO4F can be indexed as an orthorhombic structure with space group Pnma and coexists with Li3PO4. The XPS depth profiles and TEM analysis reveal that the as-prepared material has a double-layer surface coating, with a carbon outer layer and a Li3PO4 inner layer, which greatly enhances the transfer kinetics of the lithium ions and electrons in the material and stabilizes the electrode/electrolyte interface. Using LiBOB as an electrolyte additive is another way to further stabilize the electrode/electrolyte interface, and the LiBOB has a synergistic effect with the Li3PO4 coating layer. In this way, the Li2CoPO4F cathode material exhibits excellent long-term cycling stability, with 83.8% capacity retention after 150 cycles. The excellent cycling performance is attributed to the LiBOB electrolyte additive and the Li3PO4 coating layer, both of which play an important role in stabilizing the charge transfer resistance of Li2CoPO4F upon cycling.
Supervised Classification and Estimation of Hydrometeors From C-Band Dual-Polarized Radars: A Bayesian Approach (2007)

In this paper, a Bayesian statistical approach for supervised classification and estimation of hydrometeors, using a C-band polarimetric radar, is presented and discussed. The Bayesian Radar Algorithm for Hydrometeor Classification at C-band (BRAHCC) is supervised by a backscattering microphysical model, aimed at representing ten different hydrometeor classes in water, ice, and mixed phase. The expected error budget is evaluated by means of contingency tables on the basis of C-band radar noisy and attenuated synthetic data. Its accuracy is better than that obtained from a previously developed fuzzy logic C-band classification algorithm. As a second step of the overall retrieval algorithm, a multivariate regression is adopted to derive water content statistical estimators, exploiting simulated polarimetric radar data for each hydrometeor class. The BRAHCC methodology is then applied to a convective hail event, observed by two C-band dual-polarized radars in a network configuration. The hydrometeor classification along the line of sight, connecting the two C-band radars, is performed using the BRAHCC applied to path-attenuation-corrected data. Qualitative results are consistent with those derived from the fuzzy logic algorithm. Hydrometeor water content temporal evolution is tracked along the radar line of sight. Hail vertical occurrence is derived and compared with an empirical hail detection index applied along the radar connection line during the whole event.
Instrument to Measure Fluorescence Lifetimes in the Millimicrosecond Region (1957)

An instrument to measure fluorescence lifetimes of the order of millimicroseconds is described. It utilizes a hydrogen flash lamp and high-speed oscilloscope. The fluorescence decay is displayed on the oscilloscope, and using the method of moments the observed fluorescence is corrected for the response of the lamp and the detection equipment. The instrument was used to study the primary photochemical processes of photosynthesis. Measured lifetimes are given for the various photosynthetic pigments (in vitro), some organic dyes, and chlorophyll fluorescence in algae. With this instrument it has been possible to measure the delayed energy transfer in living systems.
Diffusion imaging with the MP‐rage sequence (1994)

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images obtained with conventional spin-echo techniques are known to be sensitive to subject motion because of long image acquisition times. To reduce the acquisition time, use of a magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (MP-RAGE) sequence modified for diffusion sensitivity was studied. In this sequence, a preparation phase with a 90 degrees-180 degrees-90 degrees pulse train is used to sensitize the magnetization to diffusion. Centric-ordered phase encoding, short TRs (5.2-6.5 msec), and small flip angles (5 degrees-8 degrees) are necessary to minimize saturation effects from tissues with short relaxation times. Phantom studies with various concentrations of copper sulfate (T1 ranging from 2,459 to 90 msec) were performed to validate that the diffusion-weighted signal obtained with the MP-RAGE sequence was independent of relaxation time. Diffusion-weighted images of water, isopropyl alcohol, and acetone were acquired to confirm the accuracy of measured diffusion coefficients. Brain images of healthy normal volunteers were obtained to demonstrate motion insensitivity and general image quality of the technique. The results indicate that accurate diffusion-weighted images can be obtained with a diffusion-weighted MP-RAGE sequence, with imaging times of about 1 second.