gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Screening differentially expressed genes of urine exfoliated urothelial cells in transitional cell carcinoma by SSH (2009)

Objectives To Screening differentially suppression subtractive eDNA library in transitional cell carcinoma of bladder (BTCC) and normal urine exfoliated urothelial cells. Methods Total mRNA was isolated from BTCC and normal exfoliatod urothelial calls in urine, respectively. Then double-strand eDNA was synthesized and restricted by Hae Ⅲ. eDNA of BTCC was divided into two groups and ligated with either adaptor Ⅰ or adaptor 2. After hybridized twice normal exfoliated urothelial cells eDNA underwent nested PCR, the PCR products were cloned into PGM-T vector and transformed to E. Eoli JM109. Some pesitive clones were randomly picked up, digested, sequenced and homologous analyzed. Results The SSH library contained about 400 positive clones. Random analysis of 384 clones with enzyme restriction showed that 317clones contained cDNA fragments which were mainly between 200～900bp. The inserted rate reached to 82.6%. A subtracted eDNA library of differentially ex-pressed genes was successfully constructed with SSH. Among 20 arbitrary clones were derived from the above 317 clones, No. 243 clone is a previously unknown sequence and the other 17eloues were derived from 19 known genes. Conclusions The quality of the SSH library of BTCC is reliable and its construction would lie the foundation for further screening differentially expressed genes.

Key words: 
Bladder Neoppasms;  Genes
Facile Fabrication and Integration of Patterned Nanostructured TiO2 for Microsystems Applications (2005)

A simple technique to fabricate integrated crack-free and crystalline nanostructured titania (ns-titania) in microsystems devices is presented. In this technique, crack elimination is achieved by oxidizing Ti films, pre-patterned below a threshold dimension, in aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution. Amorphous ns-titania with walls of pores having thicknesses and pore diameters ranging from 25 nm–50 nm and 50 nm–200 nm, respectively, is formed after oxidation and transformed to anatase after thermal annealing. We demonstrate the functionality of ns-titania formed and compatibility of this technique with microsystems device manufacturing practices by fabricating a prototype device for gas sensing using integrated ns-titania features as sensing elements.
Protecting the ischaemic and reperfused myocardium in acute myocardial infarction: distant dream or near reality? (2000)

Acute coronary occlusion is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world, and according to the World Health Organisation will be the major cause of death in the world as a whole by the year 2020.1 Although the management of this epidemic will centre on the development of effective primary prevention programmes, the impact of these strategies may be limited, particularly in the developing countries. There is an urgent need for effective forms of secondary prevention and, in particular, treatments which will limit the extent of an evolving myocardial infarction during the acute phase of coronary occlusion—the death of myocardium represents a catastrophic event since dead myocytes are not replaced by division of surviving myocytes. Preserving the viability of ischaemic myocardium therefore presents a therapeutic target. Although appreciated for many years, this concept has so far failed to produce a clinically useful agent capable of protecting the ischaemic myocardium from infarction. The term “cardioprotection” has been used loosely during the last few decades to describe various therapeutic approaches, including antiarrhythmic, antianginal, antihypertensive, and antiplatelet treatments. In the present discussion, we apply the term “cardioprotection” very specifically to describe interventions that preserve or enhance the viability of myocardium during ischaemia and reperfusion and thus limit the extent of acute myocardial infarction. It is our contention that in the light of current understanding of the mechanisms of cell injury during both ischaemia and reperfusion, we are well placed to identify molecular targets which may provide the foundation on which rational therapeutic approaches can be based.

The prerequisite for salvage of myocardium under threat of infarction is the return of coronary flow to the tissue as quickly as possible.2 3 The major clinical approach to reperfusion is the use of thrombolytics. However, fibrinolysis is not instantaneous and while …
Using artificial neural networks to develop a mechanism for functional feature-based reference design retrieval (2005)

This study uses the adaptive resonance theory (ART) neural network to realize a mechanism for functional feature-based reference design retrieval to provide engineering designers with easy access to relevant design and related knowledge. The retrieval process includes the steps of functional feature-based query, case searching, and case ranking. The technology involves a binary code-based representation for functional features, ART neural network for functional feature-based case clustering, functional feature-based case similarity ranking, and a case-based representation for designed entities.
Applying Blind Source Separation and Deconvolution to Real-World Acoustic Environments (1999)

Sound engineers commonly use digital systems to record and analyze audio in music and film studios. Often, they need to cleanly access a single sound source such as an instrument or voice. While humans can focus their attention on any one sound source out of a mixture of many (a phenomenon termed in 1953 by E. Collin Cherry [1] as the “cocktail-party effect”), current digital audio systems lack this ability. This paper describes one way in which researchers in this field are approaching the goal of enabling a digital system to accomplish this task, which is commonly known as source separation. The main contribution of the work discussed in this paper is the application of current source separation algorithms to unconstrained real-world environments.
A new speech coding model based on a least-squares sinusoidal representation (2005)

In recent years the concept of analysis-by-synthesis has been applied very successfully to improving the performance of LPC based models. At the same time, new speech models have been introduced based on representing speech by a sum of amplitude and frequency-modulated sinusoids which have been shown to successfully represent the non-linear, time-varying and quasi-periodic nature of speech. In this paper we present an approach to applying the analysis-by-synthesis technique to sinusoidal speech modelling in an attempt to increase the ability of the model to accurately represent the speech waveform.
Garlic compounds generate reactive oxygen species leading to activation of stress kinases and cysteine proteases for apoptosis in human glioblastoma T98G and U87MG cells (2007)

Garlic compounds induced apoptosis in glioblastoma cells due toproduction of ROS, increase in ER stress, decrease in Delta psi(m), and activation of stress kinases and cysteine proteases.
Placental Abruption Following Placement of Disposable Intrauterine Pressure Transducer System (1993)

There have been few reported complications of intrauterine pressure monitoring. We present four cases of placental abruption following insertion of a disposable intrauterine pressure transducer system (INTRAN). All four patients had placental abruptions, which were evident soon after insertion of the disposable intrauterine pressure transducer system (all of our cases had predisposing factors or signs of placental abruption at presentation). Whether there was a preexisting placental abruption, which was caused, revealed, or worsened by insertion of the disposable intrauterine pressure transducer system is unclear. We encourage careful patient selection with gentle insertion of the system opposite the placental site.
Annular bilayer magnetoelectric composites: theoretical analysis (2010)

The laminated bilayer magnetoelectric (ME) composites consist of magnetostrictive and piezoelectric layers are known to have giant ME coefficient due to the high coupling efficiency in bending mode. In our previous report, the bar-shaped bilayer composite has been investigated by using a magnetoelectric-coupling equivalent circuit. Here, we propose an annular bilayer ME composite, which consists of magnetostrictive and piezoelectric rings. This composite has a much lower resonance frequency of bending mode compared with its radial mode. In addition, the annular bilayer ME composite is expected to respond to vortex magnetic field as well as unidirectional magnetic field. In this paper, we investigate the annular bilayer ME composite by using impedance-matrix method and predict the ME coefficients as a function of geometric parameters of the composites.
III. On the limited hydration of ammonium carbamate (1886)

Abstract It occurred to me that a study of the action of water on ammonium carbamate, with reference to the influence of time, mass, and temperature, would be of interest as tending to throw light upon the laws which govern a chemical action of the simplest type in the liquid state—the action consisting of the direct union of two simpler molecules to form one more complex— CO(NH2) (ONH4) + OH2 = CO(ONH4)2
The Reaction of [<i>N</i>-(<i>p</i>-Toluenesulfonyl)Imino]-Phenyliodinane with Enol Silanes (1996)

Abstract [N-(p-Toluenesulfonyl)imino]phenyliodinane reacts with enol silanes to provide α-tosylamino carbonyl compounds.
[Casein-derived peptides can promote human LDL oxidation by a peroxidase-dependent and metal-independent process]. (1995)

The results of the present study revealed that peptides derived from bovine casein hydrolysates can promote peroxidase-dependent oxidation of human low-density lipoproteins (LDL). The reaction was independent of the free metal ions but required casein-derived peptides with tryosyl-residues, implying that the tyrosyl radical is a diffusible catalyst that conveys oxidizing potential from the active site of the heme enzyme to LDL lipids. This mechanism is independent of the peroxidase used to oxidize tyrosyl residues since myeloperoxidase and horseradish peroxidase mediate a similar LDL peroxidating process. Vitamin E, ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxytoluene and reduced glutathione delayed LDL oxidation and were consumed during the reaction, they transfered hydrogen to repair tyrosine.
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR RELIABLE ELECTRICAL, CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEMS IN GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANTS WITH EMPHASIS ON HYDROGEN SULPHIDE RELATED PROBLEMS (2007)

Hydrogen sulphide is a corrosive gas widely present in the air at most geothermal power plants. This report describes the mechanism and some of the effects of corrosion in electrical equipment in the presence of hydrogen sulphide at geothermal power stations. Electrical and control equipment are often not designed to operate in corrosive environments; hydrogen sulphide is a corrosive gas, particularly to copper and silver. Therefore, special measures and systems must be considered in order to keep this corrosive gas from contacting sensitive equipment containing those metals. Other equipment in the plant can also suffer from the attack of hydrogen sulphide, but it is possible to minimize the adverse effects by making a careful selection of the materials used and maintaining appropriate environmental conditions. Instrumentation is also exposed to the particularities of the geothermal fluids; the performance and expected problems of some of the main instruments used in the power plant are presented. By appropriate design of geothermal power stations, and taking into consideration and addressing the possible ways in which hydrogen sulphide and geothermal fluids can attack equipment, it is possible to avoid premature failures and attain high plant reliability.
Identification and prediction of abnormal behaviour activities of daily living in intelligent environments (2012)

The aim of this research is to investigate efficient mining of useful information from a sensor network forming an Ambient Intelligence (AmI) environment. In this thesis, we investigate methods for supporting independent living of the elderly (and specifically patients who are suffering from dementia) by means of equipping their home with a simple sensor network to monitor their behaviour and identify their Activities of Daily Living (ADL). Dementia is considered to be one of the most important causes of disability in the elderly. Mostpatients would prefer to use non-intrusive technology to help them tomaintain their independence. Such monitoring and prediction would allow the caregiver to see any trend in the behaviour of the elderly person and to be informed of any abnormal behaviour.
섭식훈련이 연하치료를 받는 뇌졸중 환자의 삼킴기능에 미치는 영향 (2013)

Purpose: This study was conducted for the purpose of finding out of effects Eating training on patients with swallowing disorder caused by stroke to their swallowing functions. Method: 29 subjects were selected and the divided into two groups. Group 1 is consist of 14 patients under eating training group and Group 2 is consist of 15 patients each group has five times per week. 30 minuted per time covering 12-week period. Selected patients can swallow them selves without aspiration and basically eating trainings involve Thermal Tactile Stimulation(TTS), Shaker exercise, tongue movements, laryngeal mobilization exercise. MASA(The Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability)and VFSS(Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study) was carried out to find out effects of training. And We use FDS(Functional Dysphagia Scale) for VFSS to more objective score. Result: Through the results of this study was increase in Eating performance skill actual eating training group than the practiceless group. Therefore, the actual eating training is to improve the swallowing function and It will be useful in clinical intervention for stroke patients. Conclusion: Through the results of this study was increase in Eating performance skill actual eating training group than the practice less group. Therefore, the actual eating training is to improve the swallowing function and It will be useful in clinical intervention for stroke patients.
Physical, Behavioral, and Sensor-Based Animation (1996)

Introduction An important part of the current animation consists in simulating the real world. To achieve a simulation, the animator has two principal techniques available. The first is to use a model that creates the desired effect. A good example is the growth of a green plant. The second is used when no model is available. In this case, the animator produces &quot;by hand&quot; the real world motion to be simulated. Until recently most computer-generated films have been produced using the second approach: traditional computer animation techniques like keyframe animation, spline interpolation, etc. Automatic motion control techniques have been proposed, but they are strongly related to mechanicsbased animation and do not take into account the behavior of characters. However, high level animation involving human beings and animals may be produced using behavioral and perception models. 1.1 Classification of methods Magnenat Thalmann and Thalmann [1] propose a classification of computer anim
The selection and creation of the rules in rules-based optical proximity correction (2002)

Considering the efficiency and veracity of rules-based OPC applied to recent large-scale layout, we firstly point out the importance of the selection and creation of rules in rules-based OPC. Our discussion addresses the crucial factors in selecting and creating rules as well as how we select and create more concise and practical rules-base. Based on our ideas we suggest four primary rules and as a result we show some rule data in table. The automatic construction of the rules-base called OPCL is an important part of the whole rules-based OPC software.
Ocular melanoma (2012)

In summary, the recent biological findings and the creation of a series of clinical trials underscore how the international community is able to perform relevant advances in an extremely rare disease.
Cost analysis of hash collisions : will quantum computers make SHARCS obsolete? (2009)

Current proposals for special-purpose factorization hardware will become obsolete if large quantum computers are built: the number-field sieve scales much more poorly than Shor's quantum algorithm for factorization. Will all special-purpose cryptanalytic hardware become obsolete in a post-quantum world?\nA quantum algorithm by Brassard, HØyer, and Tapp has frequently been claimed to reduce the cost of b-bit hash collisions from 2^b/2 to 2^b/3.\nThis paper analyzes the Brassard-HØyer-Tapp algorithm and shows that it has fundamentally worse price-performance ratio than the classical van Oorschot-Wiener hash-collision circuits, even under optimistic assumptions regarding the speed of quantum computers.
Optimal Learning Rules for Discrete Synapses (2008)

There is evidence that biological synapses have a limited number of discrete weight states. Memory storage with such synapses behaves quite differently from synapses with unbounded, continuous weights, as old memories are automatically overwritten by new memories. Consequently, there has been substantial discussion about how this affects learning and storage capacity. In this paper, we calculate the storage capacity of discrete, bounded synapses in terms of Shannon information. We use this to optimize the learning rules and investigate how the maximum information capacity depends on the number of synapses, the number of synaptic states, and the coding sparseness. Below a certain critical number of synapses per neuron (comparable to numbers found in biology), we find that storage is similar to unbounded, continuous synapses. Hence, discrete synapses do not necessarily have lower storage capacity.
Csound for Linux (1999)

Mr. Phillips discusses some history as well as what's happening now in the Linux Csound world
Quantitative MRI and X-ray analysis of disc degeneration and paraspinal muscle changes in degenerative spondylolisthesis (2015)

Decreased anterior disc height and multifidus muscle atrophy are found in the LDS patients and thy could be the cause of LDS. The presence of erector spinae hypertrophy could be a compensatory mechanism to compensate for the instability.
Software defect prediction analysis using machine learning algorithms (2017)

Software Quality is the most important aspect of a software. Software Defect Prediction can directly affect quality and has achieved significant popularity in last few years. Defective software modules have a massive impact over software's quality leading to cost overruns, delayed timelines and much higher maintenance costs. In this paper we have analyzed the most popular and widely used Machine Learning algorithms — ANN (Artificial Neural Network), PSO(P article Swarm Optimization), DT (Decision Trees), NB(Naive Bayes) and LC (Linear classifier). The five algorithms were analyzed using KEEL tool and validated using k-fold cross validation technique. Datasets used in this research were obtained from open source NASA Promise dataset repository. Seven datasets were selected for defect prediction analysis. Classification was performed on these 7 datasets and validated using 10 fold cross validation. The results demonstrated the dominance of Linear Classifier over other algorithms in terms of defect prediction accuracy.
A hierarchical visualization model of the global terrain based on QTM (2008)

A global multi-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) and a feasible solution for its visualization and management remains a challenging vision. In this paper a multi-resolution DEM based on the ellipsoidal triangular meshes is made to approximate to the earth surface. It was built through quaternary triangular mesh (QTM) hierarchical tessellation of the ellipsoidal surface. In order to achieve fast access, we organize the global DEM data as a hierarchy of Diamonds and indexing them based on the linear quadtree. Furthermore, a LOD is built through recursive subdivision of each Diamond, and an approach of viewpoints-based data extraction based on the neighbor-Diamond searching from the global DEM data is implemented for visualization. All this is backed with an implementation of a prototype computer system.
INVITED REVIEW: Quantitative trait locus mapping in natural populations: progress, caveats and future directions (2004)

Over the last 15 years quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping has become a popular method for understanding the genetic basis of continuous variation in a variety of systems. For example, the technique is now an integral tool in medical genetics, livestock production, plant breeding and population genetics of model organisms. Ten years ago, it was suggested that the method could be used to understand continuous variation in natural populations. In this review I: (i) clarify what is meant by natural population in the QTL context, (ii) discuss whether evolutionary biologists have successfully mapped QTL in natural populations, (iii) highlight some of the questions that have been addressed by QTL mapping in natural populations, (iv) describe how QTL mapping can be conducted in unmanipulated natural populations, (v) highlight some of the limitations of QTL mapping and (vi) try to predict some future directions for QTL mapping in natural populations.
The Norwegian meningococcal serogroup B outer membrane vesicle vaccine protection trials: case tracing, meningococcal antigen detection and serological diagnosis. (1991)

A survey is given of the efforts made to inform the general public, the potential vaccinees and their parents, and the health care personnel about meningococcal disease in general and the vaccination trial in particular, as a preparation for the meningococcal outer membrane vesicle serogroup B vaccine (MenB-vaccine "Folkehelsa") trials in secondary school students and military conscripts in Norway. Our case reporting system, supplementing the official notification, concerning even vaguely suspected cases in the age cohorts involved, is described. The efforts made to collect clinical material as well as laboratory and clinical data from 221 registered suspected cases are delineated. We also briefly summarize our cerebrospinal fluid antigen detection methods and diagnostic meningococcal serology work on these suspected cases. The compiled information on findings done at the admitting hospital of the possible cases and the additional diagnostic data provided at the National Institute of Public Health were put at the disposal of the independent Diagnosis Review Committee (DRC) as a basis for their diagnostic decisions before code opening for the meningococcal serogroup B outer membrane vesicle vaccine protection trial 3 June 1991.
Neurological complications of alcohol and misuse of drugs (2011)

The nature of many of the symptoms associated with substance and alcohol use means that patients often present to neurologists. The frequently catastrophic consequences of overlooking these patients makes this an important cause to identify. Here I will discuss various acute and non-acute substance misuse associated presentations, with particular emphasis on the neurology. As neurological sequelae are particularly common in alcohol use, there will be an emphasis on this drug while other substances are included when relevant, extending to the recently notorious 'legal highs'. I hope this review will increase vigilance to the possibility of substance use disorder, and persuade neurologists that they have a role in the detection and treatment of these conditions.