gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
British hydrographic surveys in the mediterranean in the early years of the nineteenth century (2005)

In the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars there was a resurgence of hydrographic activity around the world. In the Mediterranean the British effort was spearheaded by William Henry Smyth with Francis Beaufort also making a considerable contribution. Smyth also carried out joint surveys with Neapolitan and Austrian surveyors in the Adriatic and co-operated with the French Captain Pierre-Henri Guattier, in an early example of international co-operation in the field of hydrography.
Trimethoprim and enterococci in urinary tract infections: new perspectives on an old issue (2008)

The lack of oral treatment alternatives for enterococcal urinary tract infections (UTIs) has led to a renewed interest in trimethoprim. Enterococci can incorporate exogenously produced folates and thereby reverse the effect of trimethoprim. Although a large proportion of enterococci appear susceptible to trimethoprim in vitro using standard media devoid of folates, a 360-fold increase in the MIC can be seen when susceptibility testing is performed in media containing fresh urine. Even if trimethoprim has a favourable pharmacokinetic profile, with high serum and very high urine concentrations, pharmacodynamic (PD) estimates show that a large proportion of the apparent wild-type isolates (as categorized by standard susceptibility testing) have unfavourable PD indices. The clinical efficacy of trimethoprim in enterococcal UTI is debated. We could identify not more than 38 evaluable cases of enterococcal UTI in the literature. The eradication rate was 82%. Case reports where patients on co-trimoxazole for UTI have developed bacteraemia with enterococci susceptible to trimethoprim seem to support experimental findings that standard antimicrobial susceptibility testing poorly predicts the clinical outcome of trimethoprim therapy. The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and the national breakpoint committees in Europe have recently debated the role of trimethoprim in the treatment of enterococcal UTI and agreed to categorize wild-type enterococci as intermediate to trimethoprim and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. This allows the distinction between enterococci with and without acquired resistance mechanisms to trimethoprim. This review discusses the microbiological, experimental, clinical and PD aspects of the usage of trimethoprim for enterococcal UTI.
GADD34 Gene Restores Virulence in Viral Vector Used in Experimental Stroke Study (2007)

GADD34 is expressed in the ischaemic brain and reverses protein synthesis shutdown. Consequently, GADD34 could have neuroprotective potential in stroke. BHK medium, a replication-deficient HSV viral vector (HSV1716) with no insert or containing full-length GADD34, the N terminal or a conserved portion of the gene, was injected into mouse brain before stroke. Infarct size was 1.0+/-0.26, 1.19+/-0.36, 1.5+/-0.36, 1.3+/-0.36, and 1.1+/-0.28 mm3, respectively. The increase in infarct size with full-length GADD34 was statistically significant (P<0.05). Immunohistochemistry confirmed viral protein expression. Tissue culture studies revealed GADD34 gene restored virulence in HSV1716, suggesting that HSV virulence, rather than increased GADD34, exacerbated ischaemic damage.
GPS Navigation Payload Scheduled Maintenance: An Explanation Of Satellite Outage Time (1996)

The Block II/IIA Global Positioning System (GPS)
constellation has achieved Full Operational Capability
(FOC) with 24 satellites performing its mission. There
are times, however, when the Master Control Station must
set the navigation signal on individual satellites unhealthy
to users due to planned or unplanned maintenance
activities. Unplanned maintenance activities are usually
the result of a satellite anomaly. For planned
maintenance activities, users are notified of the satellite
outage ahead of time via the Notice Advisory to Navstar
Users (NANU). These NANUs inform users of outage
times and reasons for outages, but do not give in-depth
explanations as to what is actually taking place on the
satellite and why the navigation payload is unusable for
the given amount of time. This paper gives an overview
of the navigation payload hardware, and explains how it
is affected by ion pump operations, C-tield tuning, and
delta-v station-keeping maneuvers.
The Development and <i>in Vitro</i> Evaluation of Acrylic Strips and Dialysis Tubing for Local Drug Delivery (1982)

This study reports on the development of drug containing acrylic strips for delivering antimicrobial agents and compares the in vitro release pattern with dialysis tubing. Polyethylmethacrylic strips of suitable dimensions containing 10 to 50% chlorhexidine acetate, 40% metronidazole and 40% tetracycline were prepared. Daily release of the incorporated drugs into 1 ml aliquots was measured spectrophotometrically over a 14 day period. Similarly the release of chlorhexidine gluconate from various lengths of patent and heat sealed dialysis tubing was recorded for 4 days. At 30%, 40% and 50% admixtures the acrylic strips released chlorhexidine up to the 14 day period and a parallel bioassay confirmed the maintenance of antibacterial activity to this time. At the same admixture the release of metronidazole was greater than chlorhexidine and tetracycline. All drugs were released at high levels on day 1 followed by a marked fall in release by day 2 and progressive fall thereafter. The release from tubing was almost total within 24 hours and was independent of sealing the ends. The strips appear to have potential for prolonged drug delivery to periodontal pockets. Preliminary clinical use revealed no patient acceptability problems and alterations in subgingival flora were produced.
Psychological Aspects of Cultural Pluralism: Unity and Identity Reconsidered. (1974)

The metabolism and excretion of 2-methylaminoethoxycarbonyl-4,4'-dimethoxy-5,6,5',6'-dimethylenedioxybiphenyl-2'-carboxylic acid (DDB-S) were investigated in both rats and humans using liquid chromatography/electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS). In rats, DDB-S was rapidly eliminated from the body after a single 50 mg/kg intravenous injection, with urine being a major excretion route. DDB-S was metabolically stable; approximately 96% of the administered dose was recovered in the form of the parent compound. Nevertheless, 12 metabolites were detected in the urine and feces collected from DDB-S-treated rats. The structural characterizations of the metabolites were elucidated from the MS(n) spectral analysis. Because DDB-S has a pseudo-symmetrical methylenedioxy biphenyl structure, regioselective deuterium-substituted DDB-S (d(5)-DDB-S) was used to assign the metabolic modification. The major metabolic pathways of DDB-S were identified as demethylenation of the methylenedioxy moiety, O-demethylation of the methoxy moiety and glucuronidation. In addition, N-demethylation of the methylaminoethyl group was also detected as a minor reaction.
The Learning and Cost Effectiveness of AVT Supplemented Instruction: Specification of Learning Models (1977)

This article should be a valuable follow-up of the debate on research techniques which appeared in the fall issue of this journal. Becker and Salemi report on an evaluation of an audiovisual tutorial package used in several two-year colleges, finding that the AVT experience had no differential effect on learning for the experimental group as a whole. Then they go on to discuss some basic research problems, such as simultaneous equation bias, the use of the gap-closing model, and measuring the opportunity cost of student time. Appropriate remedies for these problems are offered, and these should be of considerable interest to others planning evaluation studies in economic education.
El papel del consejo escolar de la comunidad de madrid en el proceso de transformación educativa. Recomendaciones en relación a la inspección de educación. (2016)

espanolEn los ultimos meses, el Consejo Escolar de la Comunidad de Madrid se ha constituido en el lugar natural de encuentro para un dialogo abierto entre expertos, responsables politicos y la comunidad educativa. Fruto de este trabajo innovador y conjunto, ha aprobado un total de 180 recomendaciones (16 de ellas relativas a la Inspeccion de Educacion) que han posibilitado la redaccion -por parte de la Consejeria de Educacion, Juventud y Deporte-, de una propuesta de Acuerdo para la transformacion educativa en la Comunidad de Madrid, actualmente en fase de negociacion. EnglishIn the last few months, the School Board of the Community of Madrid has become a place for an open dialogue between experts, policy makers and the education community. As a consequence of this innovative and joint effort, 180 recommendations have been approved ( 16 of them related with the Inspection of education) , which have enabled the drafting- by the Education, Youth and Sports Department - of a proposed agreement for the educational transformation in the Community of Madrid, currently under negotiation
Diagnostic value of CTA and MRA in intracranial traumatic aneurysms. (2007)

Both CTA and MRA examinations are the effective non-invasive method of imageology for diagnosing intracranial TAs, while CTA is more eligible for diagnosing TAs after nonenhanced CT has demonstrated skull base fractures.
ZIRCONIUM DIBORIDE, BORON NITRIDE, AND BORON CARBIDE COMPATIBILITY WITH AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL (1959)

The compatibility of zirconium diboride, boron carbide, and boron nitride with type 304 stainless steel was evaluated as a function of temperature (1000 to 12OO deg C), time (1-3 hr). Appropriate loadings of the boron compounds and stainless steel powder were blended and fashioned into a compact powder metallurgically. Each compact was roll clad into a plate and subsequently heat treated at a temperature equal to the initial sintering temperature. Metallographic examination of the fabricated and heat-treated plates demonstrated that none of the systems was metallurgically stable. The instability was generally manifested by the interaction of the discrete boron compounds with the matrix and precipitation of a hypothetically boron-rich phase throughout the stainless steel matrix material. Of the three compounds, boron nitride was relatively the most stable in a stainless steel matrix under the test conditions. (auth)
Consumer Perception of Environmental Harm and Willingness to Pay Environmental Handling Fees (2016)

This study undertook a critical examination of the relationship between perception of environmental harm and consumer willingness to pay for environmental handling fees (EHF). This analysis was supplemented by asking study participants to indicate under what circumstances (and for what materials) they believe a visible fee is appropriate. This study found that there is a statistically significant correlation between willingness to pay environmental handling fees and the perceived environmental harm of the product on which the fee is applied. For items that respondents viewed as “innocuous to the environment” (i.e., “keyboards and mice”), they were relatively unwilling to pay an environmental handling fee. Conversely, for the full range of hazardous waste materials, consumers expressed a willingness to pay EHFs. With respect to fee visibility, respondents indicated that they preferred visible fees (at the sticker) for products that they perceived to be dangerous. There is a strong correlation between perceived environmental harm and whether fees should be visible. Consumers are not necessarily averse to paying an eco fee on products (be they hazardous waste, electronic waste, etc.), but their willingness to do so is almost entirely a function of whether they believe the product is environmentally burdensome. It is the recommendation of this study that promotion and education campaigns for environmental handling fees, particularly those surrounding waste electronics, place greater emphasis on environmental consequences of improper disposal.
Eavesdropping of Magnetic Secure Transmission Signals and Its Security Implications for a Mobile Payment Protocol (2018)

Magnetic secure transmission (MST) is a technology that emulates the action of swiping a magstripe card in a card reader in that it artificially generates the magnetic signal produced when a card is swiped. MST provides extremely high backward compatibility, i.e., mobile payment using an MST device is possible through most conventional magstripe readers. However, MST devices transmit magnetic signals to a remote magstripe card reader. Hence, it is possible to eavesdrop on such signals. We developed a device that can remotely eavesdrop on magnetic signals emitted by MST devices. Thus, we could obtain the one-time payment token contained in such signals at a maximum distance of 2.7 m. We successfully performed a wormhole attack against Samsung Pay, a widely used MST-based mobile payment service, and we were able to execute payment a few kilometers from where the eavesdropped one-time token was actually created.
Acquisition and Retention of<i>Xylella fastidiosa</i>by an Efficient Vector,<i>Graphocephala atropunctata</i> (1995)

The blue-green sharpshooter (BGSS), Graphocephala atropunctata (Signoret), is an efficient vector of Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al, the causal bacterium of Pierce's disease of grapevine. In experiments to assess changes over time in vector transmission efficiency and populations of bacteria in BGSS, 81 of 120 BGSS that were fed for 12 h on infected grapevine acquired the bacterium. Individual infective BGSS were exposed 4 times (1 h, and 7, 21, and 60 days after acquisition) to uninfected grapevines for 3-h inoculation feeding periods to determine the efficiency of transmission to grapevine. After each inoculation efficiency test, some BGSS were tested by culturing for X. fastidiosa to determine the bacterial population in the vector heads and bodies. Transmission efficiency increased from 56 to 92% between 1 h and 7 days post-acquisition, and remained high thereafter (91% at 21 days and 76% at 60 days). Bacterial population size in the heads of the inoculative vectors also increased between 1 h and 7 days, but did not consistently increase further. Xylella fastidiosa was not recovered by culture from about 40% of the inoculative insects. Populations below the detection limit (100 bacteria) in the BGSS heads were enough for efficient transmission
A basic serine protease from Paecilomyces lilacinus with biological activity against Meloidogyne hapla eggs (1995)

Scanning electron micrographs of the nematode-egg-parasitic fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus infecting eggs of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. suggested the involvement of lytic enzymes. When grown on a liquid mineral salts medium, supplemented with different substrates as the sole N- and C-source, the fungus produced an extracellular protease. Colloidal chitin, vitellin and intact eggs of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla induced proteolytic activity that was repressed by glucose. The protease was partially purified from the culture filtrate by affinity chromatography. It has a molecular mass of 33.5 kDa, a pH optimum of 10.3, a temperature optimum of 60 degrees C and an isoelectric point above pH 10.2. The enzyme was completely inhibited by PMSF. The amino acid sequence, as derived from the nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone, had high homology with several subtilisin-like serine proteases. It was shown that the purified enzyme degrades vitellin. The protease quantitatively bound to nematode eggs, and eggs incubated with the purified protease eventually floated. Incubation of the purified protease with nematode eggs significantly influenced their development as demonstrated by time-lapse microscopy. Immature eggs were highly vulnerable to protease treatments, whereas those containing a juvenile were more resistant. In addition, hatched larvae were not visibly affected by the protease. It can be concluded that the serine protease might play a role in penetration of the fungus through the egg-shell of nematodes.
A new system for measuring electrical conductivity of water as a function of admittance (2011)

Abstract This paper presents a new system for measuring water conductivity as a function of electrophysical property (admittance). The system is cheap and its manufacturing is easy. In addition, it does not require any sort of electrolysis and calibration. The system consists of four electrodes made of silver (Ag 92.5 g to Cu 7.5 g) fixed in a plastic tube filled by water which allows the use of two and four electrode setups. The admittance (reciprocal of impedance) was measured for different water sources (distilled, rainfall, mineral, river and tap water) using different frequencies between 50 Hz and 100 kHz. These measurements were taken twice, first with four electrodes and then with two electrodes of two modes (inner and outer electrodes). The results showed good correlation between the measured admittance and the conductivity of all the water sources and the best correlation was found at low frequencies between 50 Hz and 20 kHz. The highest efficiency can be achieved by using the four electrode system which allows circumventing the effect of the electrode impedance. This result makes the system efficient compared to traditional conductivity meters which usually require high frequencies for good operation.
Growth, thermal and laser properties of a new self-frequency-doubling Yb:CNGS crystal (2016)

A new optical single-crystal Yb:CNGS (Yb:Ca3NbGa3Si2O14) was grown successfully for self-frequency-doubling with the sizes of 25 mm in diameter and 50 mm in length using the Czochralski methods. We studied the thermal properties of these crystals systematically, including the thermal expansion coefficient, specific heat, thermal diffusion coefficient, and the thermal conductivity. The absorption and fluorescence spectra of Yb:CNGS crystal were measured. The absorption spectra show a broad transmission range from 350 to 3500 nm. The continuous-wave (CW) laser output at 1060 nm was demonstrated with a- and c-cut crystal. The maximum output power was about 1.53 W under a 4.03 W incident power with z-cut crystals. The slope efficiency was as high as 47.8%. An efficient CW self-frequency-doubling (SFD) green laser was performed with a diode-pumped Yb:CNGS laser. The CW green output power was 37.1 mW and the wavelength tunability from 526 to 532 nm with input pump power as been demonstrated.
Persistent default‐mode network connectivity during light sedation (2008)

The default-mode network (DMN) is a set of specific brain regions whose activity, predominant in the resting-state, is attenuated during cognitively demanding, externally-cued tasks. The cognitive correlates of this network have proven difficult to interrogate, but one hypothesis is that regions in the network process episodic memories and semantic knowledge integral to internally-generated mental activity. Here, we compare default-mode functional connectivity in the same group of subjects during rest and conscious sedation with midazolam, a state characterized by anterograde amnesia and a reduced level of consciousness. Although the DMN showed functional connectivity during both rest and conscious sedation, a direct comparison found that there was significantly reduced functional connectivity in the posterior cingulate cortex during conscious sedation. These results confirm that low-frequency oscillations in the DMN persist and remain highly correlated even at reduced levels of consciousness. We hypothesize that focal reductions in DMN connectivity, as shown here in the posterior cingulate cortex, may represent a stable correlate of reduced consciousness.
Audio Steganography Using High Frequency Noise Introduction (2012)

This paper presents a new method of audio steganography that allows character data to be encoded into audio in a way that is indiscernible to prying third-parties. Unlike typical methods of audio steganography that propose storage by modifying the least significant bits or the phase of the audio data, this approach makes use of frequency ranges that are undetectable to the human ear. The method proposed in this paper provides for a reasonably high-bandwidth and is resistant to common detection and prevention techniques.
Growth of human tumors in cortisone-treated laboratory animals: the possibility of obtaining permanently transplantable human tumors. (2003)

Approximately 90 per cent of 101 human tumors implanted in cortisone-treated x-radiated rats survived and proliferated for 12–20 days. In some instances they were maintained as long as 30 days. A similar percentage of tumors implanted in cortisone-treated nonirradiated rats were also positive for growth. None survived in normal control animals.

One biopsy specimen of a human epidermoid carcinoma, implanted originally in a single cortisone-treated rat, has so increased in the fourth transfer generation that tumors are being carried by ten rats and 38 hamsters, all cortisone-treated. It is hoped that this neoplasm can be maintained permanently as a transplantable tumor in laboratory animals.
Some useful properties of Teager's energy operators (1993)

Teager's energy operators are defined in both the continuous and discrete domains and are very useful tools for analyzing single component signals from an energy point of view. A number of important properties of these operators are shown that make it possible to determine the energy functions of quite complicated functions, provided these functions can be expressed as products of simpler functions, this operation of function multiplication being typical of a modulation process. Some of the eigenfunction properties of the energy operator that illustrate the special role of the trigonometric, Gaussian, and single soliton functions are also given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Novel parallel architectures for short-time Fourier transform (1993)

Novel parallel architectures for the short-time Fourier transform based on adaptive time-recursive processing is proposed for efficient VLSI implementation. Only one multiplier and one adder are required. The approach can be easily extended to multidimensional cases without the transpose operation. Various properties of the proposed architectures are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
1022. Estimation of the relative amounts of isomeric sulphate esters in some sulphated polysaccharides (1961)

D. A. Rees, J. Chem. Soc., 1961, 5168 DOI: 10.1039/JR9610005168
Development of inhibitors of protein kinases CKI and CKII and some related aspects, including donor and acceptor specificities and viral protein kinases. (1994)

A brief overview is presented of progress in the development of specific inhibitors of protein kinases CKI and CKII. Two promising classes of inhibitors, which have the ability to traverse cell membranes, are now known. One of these is based on halogenated benzimidazoles and 2-aza-benzimidazoles (benzotriazoles) and some of their nucleosides. The second embraces modified isoquinoline sulfonamides, several of which are known as inhibitors of other protein kinases. Both classes include analogs that permit discrimination between CKI and CKII. Ongoing research with halogenated benzotriazoles leads to inhibitors with Ki values below 1 microM. Also considered are nucleoside triphosphate analog inhibitors and their potential properties as donors, with illustrative examples from the field of nucleoside kinases, including the apparent existence of a dual-specific viral protein/nucleoside kinase. The role of cellular CKII and viral-encoded CKII-like activities in viral replication underlines the potential of CKII inhibitors as antiviral agents, exemplified by the case of vesicular stomatitis virus.