gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical review: interpretation of arterial pressure wave in shock states. (2005)

In critically ill patients monitored with an arterial catheter, the arterial pressure signal provides two types of information that may help the clinician to interpret haemodynamic status better: the mean values of systolic, diastolic, mean and pulse pressures; and the magnitude of the respiratory variation in arterial pressure in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. In this review we briefly discuss the physiological mechanisms responsible for arterial pressure generation, with special focus on resistance, compliance and pulse wave amplification phenomena. We also emphasize the utility of taking into consideration the overall arterial pressure set (systolic, diastolic, mean and pulse pressures) in order to define haemodynamic status better. Finally, we review recent studies showing that quantification of respiratory variation in pulse and systolic arterial pressures can allow one to identify the mechanically ventilated patients who may benefit from volume resuscitation.
Quantum specific heat of the easy-plane ferromagnetic chain: Application to CsNi<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">F</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>and (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>6</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>11</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>N<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>) Cu<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Br</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1986)

Quantum effects in the easy-plane ferromagnetic chain are considered in the semiclassical approximation. It is shown that the soliton part of the specific heat is reduced significantly by the inclusion of quantum effects. The results are compared with the data for CsNi${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$ and (${\mathrm{C}}_{6}$${\mathrm{H}}_{11}$N${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$) Cu${\mathrm{Br}}_{3}$.
A multivariate statistical algorithm for analyzing fluorescence spectroscopy of oral squamous cell carcinoma-an animal model approach (2002)

A multivariate statistical algorithm has been developed to evaluate its diagnostic ability on oral squamous cell carcinoma by using a 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis model. The hamsters were divided into a calibration set and a prediction set comprising twenty four animals each. In each set, the animals were categorized into four type groups according to the duration of DMBA application. The partial least square (PLS) analysis were used to dimensionally reduce the input variables and extract the useful diagnostic information from the original data of fluorescence spectra. The logistic regression method, adopting the first three factors obtained from PLS, established a probability-based algorithm for discriminating the samples of hamsters with different cancer transformation stages. By combining the two methods, the correctness of classification in calibration and prediction set were 96% and 88%, respectively.
Improved Synthesis of Parent Fused 7-Oxanorbornenes (2009)

The synthesis of parent fused 7-oxanorbornenes 1 and 2 based on double Diels–Alder reaction of methyl propiolate with furan followed by saponification and reductive Barton decarboxylation is described.
Stability Region of an Efficient Bidirectional Regenerative Half-duplex Relaying Protocol (2006)

In this work, a stability optimal rate allocation policy for two M/G/1-infin queues in a three node scenario with peak power constraints is characterized in closed form. Between two nodes, bidirectional communication is realized by a half-duplex decode-and-forward relay node. A centralized controller adapts slotwise the optimal discrete-time resource allocation according to the block-fading channel and queue state. In the memoryless Gaussian multiple access mode, the two nodes transmit their information to the relay node. In the memoryless Gaussian broadcast mode, the relay node forwards both information to their destinations. Since each destination node knows its own interference, efficient re-encoding increases the achievable broadcast rates. It results from "standard" Lyapunov drift technique that the stability region facilitated by the proposed rate allocation policy is equal to the ergodic achievable rate region
The ENDOR Spectrum of 1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dione Semiquinone in Solution (1980)

Abstract The ENDOR spectra of 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dione semiquinone (camphorsemiquinone anion) showed a sharp temperature variation in the intensity of each ENDOR line. The relationship between the optimum temperature for the ENDOR enhancement and the relaxation mechanisms was discussed on the basis of the experimental results.
Rotation in clinostat results in apoptosis of osteoblastic ROS 17/2.8 cells. (2000)

Clinostat is an effective, ground-based tool which can be used to verify data from space flight, and to test hypotheses and experimental conditions for eventual space flights. Rotation in clinostat appears to mimic the microgravity environment by nulling the gravitational vector by continuous averaging. In the present study, we exposed osteoblast-like ROS 17/2.8 cells to a vector-averaged gravity environment in a clinostat and found that the cells undergo apoptotic death during the first 24 hr of clino-rotation. We suggest that apoptosis might be one of the mechanisms for reduced bone formation as observed in actual space flights.
Fatigue Crack Propagation in Crystalline Polymers and Composites. (1986)

As polymers are used to an increasing extent in load-bearing applications, often under cyclic or repetitive loads, an understanding of fatigue behavior is important. Since all polymers contain flaws that may, under appropriate conditions, develop into catastrophic cracks, the fatigue crack propagation (FCP) response is of particular interest to the engineer. The role of polymer structure and composition in the kinetics and energetics of FCP is, in turn, of fundamental chemical and physical concern. The principal goal was to elucidate the role of polymer structure, composition, and morphology on the kinetics, energetics, and mechanisms of FCP in typical crystalline polymers, as well as the effects of external variables such as frequency and stress range. Emphasis was placed on the effects of molecular weight, percent crystallinity, morphology, and where appropriate, environment. With respect to reinforced polymers, the emphasis was on the role of fiber content, fiber orientation, interfacial adhesion, and matrix properties. In all cases, the characteristics of the process or damage zone at the crack tip was determined wherever possible.
Which interconnects for which 3D applications? Status and perspectives (2013)

Some 3D interconnects technologies are reviewed and discussed in this paper with respect to emerging 3D applications. While 2.5D Si interposer and 3D packaging seem to rely to cu pillars for the coming years, the very fine pitch below 10μm will be mandatory for 3DIC and many options like cu-cu bonding or μ-tubes are in the race. Specific interconnects for RF/mm-waves and low volume electronics devices are also discussed with relevant examples.
Fine-Pitch Capabilities of the Flat Ultra-Thin Chip Packaging (UTCP) Technology (2009)

This paper describes the fine-pitch interconnection capabilities of the ultra-thin chip packaging (UTCP) technology, a technology under development for embedding thin chips in a flexible polyimide (PI) substrate. It allows for fully flexible electronics, as the rigid chips are thinned down to 20-30 ¿m, at which point they become truly flexible themselves. This way, instead of just a flexible substrate with rigid components assembled on top, the entire circuitry can be incorporated inside a 30-40 ¿m thin chip package. The paper briefly introduces the technology's background with a short description of the fabrication process. Building on the developments already achieved, some further optimizations are discussed, and the technology is tested for its fine-pitch interconnection capabilities using test chips with four-point probe and daisy chain patterns, with a pitch down to 40 ¿m. The possibility to package several chips in the same substrate is investigated, as well, and finally an outlook on future experiments is briefly discussed.
Oxidative stress and potential interventions to reduce oxidative stress in overweight and obesity (2007)

Oxidative stress is related to chronic disease in obesity, but is reversible with one or more interventions described above.
Excimer laser-induced chemical vapor deposition of titanium silicide films (1985)

An ArF excimer laser has been used to deposit films of titanium silicide from gas mixtures of TiCl4 and SiH4. The film deposition is initiated by dissociation of TiCl4. The irradiated volume, containing typically 10 mTorr of TiCl4 and 20 mTorr of SiH4, is converted to titanium silicide film with nearly unit quantum efficiency. Mass spectrometry analysis of the gas mixture during chemical vapor deposition indicates that HCl and H2 are the major gas phase products produced by the photolysis.
Adaptive LMS delay measurement in dual blood volume pulse signals for non-invasive monitoring [photoplethysmography] (2002)

The performance of two adaptive algorithms, the LMS and the adaptive delay algorithm, for measuring the actual delay between two blood volume pulse (BVP) signals is studied. Results are obtained from an experimental setup examined with several test signals as well as pairs of BVP signals for a subject's three different cardiovascular conditions.
Effects of Chronic Hepatic Dysfunction on Pulmonary Glutathione Homeostasis (2002)

Background The development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients with pre-existing cirrhosis of the liver is associated with very high mortality. One possible cause may be alteration of pulmonary antioxidant capacity as a result of chronic hepatic dysfunction. Glutathione (GSH) is the most substantial nonprotein thiol in living organisms and likely plays a key role in neutralizing the oxidants and reactive oxygen species that are increased in ARDS. The lung is unable to synthesize GSH and is dependent on the liver. During periods of oxidant stress, individuals may exhibit relative deficiencies of GSH. With cirrhosis, the end result of chronic alcohol ingestion, this deficiency is more profound. Methods Sixteen stable subjects with cirrhosis primarily due to alcohol consumption and 15 healthy controls underwent bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage with concurrent measurement of GSH in the plasma and the alveolar epithelial lining fluid (ELF). Results For standardizing for saline dilution of the epithelial lining fluid as a result of bronchoalveolar lavage, GSH values are expressed in relation to immunoglobulin A (IgA). GSH in the ELF was profoundly reduced in the cirrhotic group [12.5 μg of GSH per μg of IgA (5.3–16.9 μg)] compared with the control group [64.0 μg of GSH per μg of IgA (55.1–242.5 μg);p < 0.001]. The ratio of oxidized GSH to total GSH in the ELF was also significantly increased in the cirrhotic group [9.2% (5.1–16.4%) vs. 3.4% (1.7–5.7%);p < 0.003] Conclusions Despite a total reduction in GSH concentrations in the alveolar epithelial lining fluid of individuals with cirrhosis, the amount of oxidized GSH is increased. There is increased utilization of GSH despite the low supply in stable individuals with cirrhosis during steady state. These perturbations in GSH homeostasis in the alveolar epithelial lining fluid may be a factor in the poor outcomes seen in these individuals with ARDS.
Prevention of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer (2000)

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Formation of Localized Plasma in Pulsed Microwave Discharge (1962)

Discharge characteristlcs ln Ne-Ar mixtures were studied. The Penning effect is discussed. At low field strengths, most of the electrons were produced by inter actions of metastable Ne atoms with Ar atoms. This process was too slow to account for the fast discharge buildup observed. At high field strengths, electron energies were so high that direct ionization became more effective. When the proportion of Ar was further increased, electron mean energy decreased; the electron mean free path is much shorter in Ar than in Ne. Electron energy distributions were considered as functions of E/P. A plot of breakdown field strength versus Ar content is presented. (L.N.N.)
Heparanase induces VEGF C and facilitates tumor lymphangiogenesis (2008)

Heparanase is an endoglycosidase that specifically cleaves heparan sulfate side chains, a class of glycosaminoglycans abundantly present in the extracellular matrix and on the cell surface. Heparanase activity is strongly implicated in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis attributed to remodeling of the subepithelial and subendothelial basement membranes. We hypothesized that similar to its proangiogenic capacity, heparanase is also engaged in lymphangiogenesis and utilized the D2-40 monoclonal antibody to study lymphangiogenesis in tumor specimens obtained from 65 head and neck carcinoma patients. Lymphatic density was analyzed for association with clinical parameters and heparanase staining. We provide evidence that lymphatic vessel density (LVD) correlates with head and neck lymph node metastasis (N-stage, p = 0.007) and inversely correlates with tumor cell differentiation (p = 0.007). Notably, heparanase staining correlated with LVD (p = 0.04) and, moreover, with VEGF C levels (p = 0.01). We further demonstrate that heparanase overexpression by epidermoid, breast, melanoma and prostate carcinoma cells induces a 3- to 5-fold elevation in VEGF C expression in vitro and facilitates tumor xenograft lymphangiogenesis in vivo, whereas heparanase gene silencing was associated with decreased VEGF C levels. These findings suggest that heparanase plays a unique dual role in tumor metastasis, facilitating tumor cell invasiveness and inducing VEGF C expression, thereby increasing the density of lymphatic vessels that mobilize metastatic cells.
Protective effect of Lactobacillus casei on Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in mice (1985)

The protective effect of heat-killed Lactobacillus casei YIT9018 (LC 9018) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in mice was compared with that of Corynebacterium parvum. Survival of mice after intraperitoneal (i.p.) infection with P. aeruginosa was augmented in mice that had been pretreated i.p. with LC 9018 5 days previously. Similar treatment of mice with C. parvum, however, was not effective at all. Moreover, mice became more susceptible to infection with P. aeruginosa after such treatment. Growth of P. aeruginosa in the peritoneal cavity and spleen was markedly inhibited in LC 9018-pretreated mice, whereas such inhibition of bacterial growth was not observed in C. parvum-treated mice. The protective effect of LC 9018 was observed in mice subjected to 800 rads of whole body irradiation but was abrogated when mice were treated with carrageenan. These results suggest that augmentation of the resistance of mice to P. aeruginosa was caused by the induction of activated macrophages. The number of macrophages detectable in the peritoneal cavity was almost the same in LC 9018- and C. parvum-treated mice. Growth of Listeria monocytogenes was inhibited by pretreatment with LC 9018. Inhibition of L. monocytogenes was also observed after the same pretreatment with C. parvum. It was suggested that macrophages activated with LC 9018 were involved in the protective immunity to P. aeruginosa.
Deposition of WN/sub x/C/sub y/ thin films by ALCVD/spl trade/ method for diffusion barriers in metallization (2003)

A new process of depositing ternary tungsten nitride carbide WN/sub x/C/sub y/ films as a diffusion barrier material for copper metallization has been developed with the atomic layer chemical vapor deposition (ALCVD/spl trade/) technology. The growth temperature was varied from 300 to 350/spl deg/C, and the resistivity was in a range of 300-400 /spl mu//spl Omega/cm for a /spl sim/25 nm film. The film composition was influenced by deposition conditions with a W, N and C content of approximately 55, 15, and 30 at.%, respectively. Impurities such as F, O, and B in the bulk of the film were low, less than 1 at.% or under the detection limit of analysis tools used. The deposited films showed excellent compatibility with different substrates including Cu, SiO/sub 2/, SiC, Si/sub x/N/sub y/, SiLK and Aurora. Preliminary electrical tests of WN/sub x/C/sub y/ on the dual damascene wafers showed promising results.
Process-model account of task interruption and resumption: When does encoding of the problem state occur? (2009)

Memory for goals theory (Altmann & Trafton, 2002) describes how people suspend and resume an interrupted task by encoding, or rehearsing, the current problem state at the point of interruption and recalling this state after the interruption.In this work we investigated the timing of the encoding process, attempting to determine the most likely strategies for when to perform encoding of interrupted problem state.We examined several candidate encoding strategies and developed computational cognitive models to represent each strategy, embedding the models into a larger model of behavior in a interruption-tracking task.Comparison of the model simulations with recent empirical data suggests that encoding of problem state occurs for a short time at the start of the interruption period and is performed concurrently with the interrupting task.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and X‐Ray Crystallographic Analysis of Pentacoordinate 1,2‐ Oxasiletanides, Intermediates of the Peterson Reaction. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Contact holes patterning by directed self-assembly of block copolymers: What would be the Bossung plot? (2014)

Contact hole (CH) patterning by directed-self-assembly (DSA) of polystyrene-b-polymethylmethacrylate (PS-b-PMMA) block copolymers (BCPs) is extensively studied in this paper. Based on statistical analysis performed on 300mm wafers, a process window (PW) for CH shrink is experimentally evaluated in terms of hole open yield and critical dimension (CD) variation after DSA as a function of BCPs of different natural periods and guiding patterns of different dimensions. The PW allowed us to define the suitable BCP molecular weight with the best guiding CD ranges required to achieve a desired DSA hole CD within a specific tolerance. As example, for a DSA hole CD targeted at 19.5 nm with 10% tolerance, circular guiding patterns of 52 nm CD with 20% guiding CD latitude are needed using a 35nm-natural-period BCP. It is also shown that the CH shrink PW is dependent on guiding pattern pitch and on DSA process conditions such as the self-assembly annealing and spin coating conditions. In addition, the study highlights an interesting property of commensurability between guiding pattern dimensions and BCP’s natural period that governs the CH patterning by DSA for both CH shrink and CH doubling configurations. This permits to predict the guiding pattern dimensions needed for CH patterning by DSA using a given BCP of known natural period.
(Invited) Covalent Functionalization of Surface-Supported Graphene and Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Chemistry and Nanostructuring (2020)

The research on graphene prompted emergence of related layered materials such as black phosphorous, silicene, germanene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) such as MoS 2 . These materials offer virtually endless opportunities for fundamental research as well as cutting edge applications. Most of these layered materials however exist as single layers only when supported by another solid surface or when stabilized by physisorbed or chemisorbed organic molecules. In this contribution, I will discuss covalent modification, sometimes in a nanostructured fashion, of graphene, graphite and MoS 2 using diazonium and other chemistries. Special focus is on sub-nanometer characterization of modified materials using scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopy (STM and AFM). The use of covalently modified surfaces for applications will also be discussed.
Influence of the Optical Purity on the Smectic Layer Thickness and the Transition Order in Enantiomeric Mixtures of an Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystal (1991)

The transition behavior in the ( R )- and ( S )-mixtures of 4-(1-trifluoromethylheptyloxycarbonyl)phenyl 4-(5-dodecyl-oxypyrimidin-2-yl)benzoate (TFMHPDOPB) has been studied by X-ray diffraction. Two important findings were made. In all the mixtures, the transition is of the first order irrespective of the spontaneous polarization and the transition sequences; SmA-SmC * A (pure enantiomers), SmA-SmC * ( R : S =3:1) and SmA-SmC (racemate). The layer thickness depends on the optical purity even in the SmA phase, although the overall profiles of the temperature dependence are almost the same in all the mixtures.
Mediumabhängige Energiewanderung bei der Energietransfer-Chemilumineszenz des Systems Tetramethyl-1,2-dioxetan-9,10-Dibromanthracen in polymeren Matrizen (1982)

Article Mediumabhängige Energiewanderung bei der Energietransfer-Chemilumineszenz des Systems Tetramethyl-1,2-dioxetan-9,10-Dibromanthracen in polymeren Matrizen was published on February 1, 1982 in the journal Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie (volume 131, issue 2).
ChemInform Abstract: Regiospecific Reaction of Phosphaimines with a Zirconocene‐Benzyne Complex. Synthesis and Reactivity of Novel Azaphosphazirconaindans. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.