gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Involvement of Microglia in Cerebrospinal Fluid Glutamate Increase in SIV-Infected Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta) (1999)

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected from 24 uninfected and 24 SIV251 MPBMC-infected rhesus monkeys during early infection and from 6 animals in a longitudinal design up to 7 months postinfection to investigate excitatory and inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter levels. During the early infection period CSF amino acid concentrations of infected animals were not significantly different from those of uninfected animals. However, long-term studies demonstrated that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations were decreased while glutamate concentrations were increased late in infection compared with the preinfection values of the same animals. Moreover, we showed that the source of increased glutamate in animals with AIDS is, at least partially, microglial cells. Our data support the hypothesis that excitotoxicity is involved in immunodeficiency virus-induced neurological disease and propose microglia as a contributor to excitotoxic damage.
Processing Treatments for Control of Listeria monocytogenes on Frankfurters (2004)

Frankfurters were surface inoculated with a 5-strain mixture of Listeria monocytogenes then treated with a pediocin (ALTATM 2341), post-packaging pasteurization with heat or post-packaging irradiation.All treatments effectively reduced L. monocytogenes numbers but combinations, particularly pediocin with heat or with irradiation were most effective for both reducing L. monocytogenes and suppressing growth of survivors. Pediocin and irradiation treatments were synergistic and achieved the greatest control of L. monocytogenes of all the treatments studied.These treatments offer meat processors alternatives to improve control of L. monocytogenes on processed meats.
Host Tissue PD-L1 Separates GVL Effect from Gvhd after Temporary Depletion of Donor CD4+ T Cells Early after HCT (2015)

Abstract Recipient tissue expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1, B7H1) down-regulates graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), but this information has not been translated clinically. Here we demonstrate a critical role for recipient PD-L1 expression in preventing both acute and chronic GVHD while preserving graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects when donor CD4+ T cells are temporarily depleted in vivo early after HCT. Depletion of donor CD4+ T cells increases serum IFN-γ concentrations and enhances recipient tissue expression of PD-L1 and donor CD8+ T cell expression of the PD-L1 receptors CD80 and PD-1. In GVHD target tissues, depletion of CD4+ T cells increases anergy and apoptosis of infiltrating CD8+ T cells in a manner that depends on recipient PD-L1 expression, thereby preventing damage to intestinal Paneth cells and stem cells, hepatocytes, and thymic medullary epithelial cells, and preventing both acute and chronic GVHD. In lymphoid tissues, depletion of CD4+ T cells augments CD8+ T cell proliferation without increasing CD8+ T cell anergy or apoptosis, resulting in expansion of donor CD8+ T cells and strong GVL effects. Therefore, temporary depletion of donor CD4+ T cells early after HCT represents a novel approach for preventing GVHD while preserving GVL effects. This work was supported by NIH R01 AI066008 and Nesvig Lymphoma Fundation (to D.Z.) and by NSFC 81090413, 81270638 (to J.W.). Disclosures Forman: Amgen: Consultancy; Mustang: Research Funding. Martin:Neovii: Research Funding; RegImmune: Research Funding; Enlivex: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy.
METAGENOMIC ARRAY ANALYSIS OF AN ENHANCED BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL SLUDGE ENRICHED WITH ACCUMULIBACTER (2007)

METAGENOMIC ARRAY ANALYSIS OF AN ENHANCED BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL SLUDGE ENRICHED WITH ACCUMULIBACTERINTRODUCTION Previously, metagenomic analysis was performed on our lab-scale acetate-feed sequencing batch reactor highly enriched with Accumulibacter (Garcia Martin et al. 2006). Nearly complete genome sequence from the dominant Accumulibacter strain was obtained, many functional genes were identified, and metabolic pathways were reconstructed. The objective of this study was to investigate which...Author(s)Shaomei HeVictor KuninMatthew HaynesHector Garcia MartinNatalia IvanovaForest RohwerPhil HugenholtzKatherine D. McMahonSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 63: Biological Phosphorus RemovalDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2007ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20070101)2007:13L.4979;1-DOI10.2175/193864707787969478Volume / Issue2007 / 13Content sourceWEFTECFirst / last page(s)4979 - 4982Copyright2007Word count655
Transforming Events in Thyroid Tumorigenesis and Their Association with Follicular Lesions (2001)

Thyroid tumors comprise a broad spectrum of neoplastic phenotypes, and distinct molecular events have been implicated in their pathogenesis. Pituitary tumor transforming gene, originally isolated from GH4 pituitary cells, is tumorigenic in vivo, regulates basic fibroblast growth factor secretion, and is homologous to a securin inhibitor of chromatid separation. Pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 is expressed at low levels in several normal human tissues and is abundantly expressed in neoplasms, including colorectal carcinoma, where pituitary tumor transforming gene expression correlated highly with tumor invasiveness. As pituitary tumor transforming gene is regulated by E and as thyroid cancer shows a strong female preponderance, we examined pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 expression and action in human thyroid tumors and in normal human and rat thyroid cells. Increased pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 expression was evident early in thyroid tumors and was most abundantly expressed in a subset of thyroid hyperplasia, follicular adenomas, and follicular carcinomas (1.8-fold; P < 0.0001). Pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 overexpression in rat FRTL5 thyroid cells and in primary human thyroid cell cultures causes in vitro transformation and produces a dedifferentiated neoplastic phenotype.
MeV Electron Irradiation Induced Solid-State Amorphization (SSA) in B2 Intermetallic Compounds (2013)

MeV electron irradiation induced Solid-State Amorphization (SSA) in B2 intermetallic compounds was investigated by High Voltage Electron Microscopy (HVEM) and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation focusing on the relationship between the SSA tendency and martensite (MS) transformation. There is no relationship between the SSA tendency and the structure of compounds, however, an unique feature of SSA tendency was found in B2 intermetallic compounds ; intermetallic compounds which show MS transformation has a tendency to exhibit SSA.
Asymmetric Supercapacitor for Long-Duration Power Storage (2012)

A document discusses a project in which a series of novel hybrid positive electrode materials was developed and tested in asymmetric capacitors with carbon negative electrodes. The electrochemical performance of the hybrid capacitors was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and a DC charge/discharge test. The hybrid capacitor exhibited ideal capacitor behavior with an extended operating voltage of 1.6 V in aqueous electrolyte, and energy density higher than activated carbon-based supercapacitors. Nanostructured MnO2 is a promising material for electrochemical capacitors (ECS) because of its low cost, environmentally friendly nature, and reasonably high specific capacitance. The charge capacity of the capacitors can be further improved by increasing the specific surface area of the MnO2 electrode material. The power density and space radiation stability of the capacitors can be enhanced by coating the MnO2 nanoparticles with conducting polymers. The conducting polymer coating also helps in radiation-hardening the ECS.
Restricted Transport of 3'-Azido-3'-Deoxythymidine and Dideoxynucleosides Through the Blood-Brain Barrier (1988)

Journal Article Restricted Transport of 3′-Azido-3′-Deoxythymidine and Dideoxynucleosides Through the Blood-Brain Barrier Get access Tetsuya Terasaki, Tetsuya Terasaki Department of Medicine and the Brain Research Institute, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William M. Pardridge William M. Pardridge Department of Medicine and the Brain Research Institute, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California Please address requests for reprints to: Dr. William M. Pardridge, Department of Medicine, UCLA Schoolof Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90024. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 158, Issue 3, September 1988, Pages 630–632, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/158.3.630 Published: 01 September 1988 Article history Received: 11 January 1988 Revision received: 11 April 1988 Published: 01 September 1988
Ghrelin's second life: from appetite stimulator to glucose regulator. (2012)

Ghrelin, a 28 amino acid peptide hormone produced by the stomach, was the first orexigenic hormone to be discovered from the periphery. The octanoyl modification at Ser³, mediated by ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT), is essential for ghrelin's biological activity. Ghrelin stimulates food intake through binding to its receptor (GRLN-R) on neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Ghrelin is widely expressed throughout the body; accordingly, it is implicated in several other physiological functions, which include growth hormone release, gastric emptying, and body weight regulation. Ghrelin and GRLN-R expression are also found in the pancreas, suggesting a local physiological role. Accordingly, several recent studies now point towards an important role for ghrelin and its receptor in the regulation of blood glucose homeostasis, which is the main focus of this review. Several mechanisms of this regulation by ghrelin have been proposed, and one possibility is through the regulation of insulin secretion. Despite some controversy, most studies suggest that ghrelin exerts an inhibitory effect on insulin secretion, resulting in increased circulating glucose levels. Ghrelin may thus be a diabetogenic factor. Obesity-related type 2 diabetes has become an increasingly important health problem, almost reaching epidemic proportions in the world; therefore, antagonists of the ghrelin-GOAT signaling pathway, which will tackle both energy- and glucose homeostasis, may be considered as promising new therapies for this disease.
Pulse length and terminal-level lifetime dependence of energy extraction for neodymium-doped phosphate amplifier glass (1996)

On the basis of detailed numerical calculations, we have formulated an empirical expression for the saturation fluence in neodymium-doped phosphate amplifier glass that explicitly depends upon the ratio of the pulse width to the terminal-level lifetime. The empirical expression, when substituted within the Frantz-Nodvik solution for energy extraction, can be used to determine the impact of the lower level lifetime on the energy extracted from Nd:phosphate glass amplifiers. We used our empirical solution to model experimental gain-saturation data and determine the terminal-level lifetime. We compared this value with two independent experiments and found that all three experiments yielded similar results. The terminal-level lifetime of LG-750 at room temperature is found to be 253 ps /spl plusmn/50 ps.
Distributed data storage in sensor networks using decentralized erasure codes (2005)

We assume a large-scale wireless sensor network of n nodes, measuring a physical quantity of interest (e.g. temperature). Most of the sensors are used as storage devices and relays while only a fraction (k out of n) is gathering data. We assume that each node can store at most one data packet. We are interested in storing these k data packets in the n nodes using redundancy so that we can reconstruct the original measurements by asking any k storage nodes in the network (with high probability). We show how this problem is closely related with the distributed construction of an erasure code. To solve this problem, we introduce a new class of erasure codes that can be created without gathering all data at one central location and show that by using these decentralized erasure codes, it is possible to diffuse the data by "pre-routing" only O(ln n) packets per data node to randomly selected storage nodes.
Use of the Chinese Abacus method for digital arithmetic functions (1998)

This paper analyses the basic reasons that the Chinese Abacus is used to perform arithmetic functions as a popular and efficient technique. Proper electronic circuits, based on pass transistor and domino logic, are achieved to realize the same functions as the Chinese Abacus. Simulations with 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS technology show that a parallel 8 bit adder can run at 500 MHz. Moreover, a pipeline 8 bit adder and 8/spl times/8 bit multiplier can run at 1 GHz and 800 MHz respectively. Also, the compactness of the physical layout leads to a pretty small area for the circuits.
Estimation of co-channel nonlinear distortion and SNDR in wireless systems (2007)

The effective signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) at the output of a nonlinear amplifier is defined through the decomposition of the nonlinear output into correlated output and uncorrelated distortion. The analysis is based on the orthogonalisation of the nonlinear behavioual model that allows the accurate estimation of the effective in-band (or co-channel) distortion and hence determination of SNDR. Fundamental issues regarding the evaluation of the effective in-band distortion and its effect on digitally modulated signals are discussed. Simulations of in-band distortion and SNDR of WCDMA signals are verified experimentally using feed-forward cancelation.
The migration and loss of human primordial germ stem cells from the hind gut epithelium towards the gonadal ridge (2012)

Human primordial germ cells (PGCs) can be recognized in the yolk sac wall, from 3-4 weeks post conception (wpc), in the hind gut epithelium from week 4 and in the gonadal area from early week 5. The objective of this study was to map the migration route of PGCs and elucidate the role of the nervous system in this process. Sixteen human specimens, 5-14 wpc obtained from legal abortions were included. On serial paraffin sections, PGCs were detected immunohistochemically by expression of OCT4 and c-Kit, nerve fibers by β-III-tubulin and stem cell factor (SCF) as a possible chemoattractive cue for PGC migration. PGCs were present in the hind gut epithelium, in the mesenchyme of the dorsal mesentery and in the developing gonadal ridge of 4-6 wpc embryos, prior to connections between the enteric and the sympathetic nervous system. From 6 wpc onwards, the PGCs travelled along the developing nerve fibers from the wall of the hind gut via the dorsal mesentery to the midline of the dorsal wall and laterally into the gonads. Numerous PGCs were still present in the nervous system by 14 wpc. PGCs in 4-5 wpc embryos are suggested to leave the gut epithelium by EMT-like transition. SCF may facilitate further migration, but after establishment of connections between the enteric and sympathetic nervous systems. PGCs follow sympathetic nerve fibers towards the gonads. PGCs failing to exit the nerve branches at the gonadal site, may continue along the sympathetic trunk ending up in other organs where they may form germ cell tumors if not eliminated by apoptosis.
Identificación genética de cepas de levadura del "Valle del Salnés" responsables de la fermentación espontánea del vino Albariño (1996)

5 paginas y 1 tabla.- Comunicacion oral presentada en el Congreso celebrado en A Toxa (Pontevedra) entre los dias 15 al 19 de mayo de 1994.
Adaptive successive interference cancellation for the IS-95 uplink (2002)

In this paper we examine an adaptive successive interference canceler (ASIC) that can separate direct-sequence code-division-multiple-access (DS/CDMA) signals for the IS-95 (Interim Standard 95) uplink under near-far conditions, i.e., without power control. The ASIC employs a multistage architecture where each stage consists of a conventional matched filter (MF) detector with equal gain combining (EGC), followed by an adaptive interference canceler (AIC) that is adjusted by the least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm to track time-varying multipath channels. Variants of the basic ASIC architecture which exploit the specific structure of the IS-95 uplink traffic channel are also discussed. The bit-error-rate (BER) performance of the ASIC is compared with that of other interference cancelers, demonstrating the effectiveness of the ASIC for near-far scenarios.
Towards "intelligent compression" in streams (2012)

With the explosion of information stored world-wide, data intensive computing has emerged as a central area of research. Efficient management and processing of this massively exponential amount of data from diverse sources, such as telecommunication call data records, telescope imagery, online transaction records, web pages, stock markets, medical records (monitoring critical health conditions of patients), climate warning systems, etc., has become a necessity. Removing redundancy from such huge (multi-billion records) datasets results in resource and compute efficiency for downstream processing and constitutes an important area of study. "Intelligent compression" or deduplication in streaming scenarios, for precise identification and elimination of duplicates from the unbounded data stream is a greater challenge given the real-time nature of data arrival. Stable Bloom Filters (SBF) [13] address this problem to a certain extent. However, SBF suffers from a high false negative rate and slow convergence rate, thereby rendering it inefficient for applications with low false negative rate tolerance.
Using massively parallel simulation and Markovian models to study protein folding: Examining the dynamics of the villin headpiece (2006)

We report on the use of large-scale distributed computing simulation and novel analysis techniques for examining the dynamics of a small protein. Matters addressed include folding rate, very long time scale kinetics, ensemble properties, and interaction with water. The target system for the study, the villin headpiece, has been of great interest to experimentalists and theorists both. Sampling totaled nearly 500 mus-the most extensive published to date for a system of villin's size in explicit solvent with all atom detail-and was in the form of tens of thousands of independent molecular dynamics trajectories, each several tens of nanoseconds in length. We report on kinetics sensitivity analyses that, using a set of short simulations, probed the role of water in villin's folding and sensitivity to the simulation's electrostatics treatment. By constructing Markovian state models (MSMs) from the collected data, we were able to propagate dynamics to times far beyond those directly simulated and to rapidly compute mean first passage times, long time kinetics (tens of microseconds), and evolution of ensemble property distributions over long times, otherwise currently impossible. We also tested our MSM by using it to predict the structure of villin de novo.
Lens Glide in Implant Surgery (1978)

• The lens glide is a disposable, sterile piece of Silastic that is designed to make insertion of intraocular lenses safer and simpler. Since the use of the lens glide has become part of our routine surgical procedure in implant surgery, there has been a notable reduction in vitreous loss and in postoperative corneal problems.
Gonadectomy in mice of the inbred strain CE/J induces proliferation of sub-capsular adrenal cells expressing gonadal marker genes (2006)

Mouse models of adrenal tumorigenesis have the potential to give insights in the dysregulation of adrenal growth and differentiation. The inbred mouse strain CE/J has been reported to develop adrenal tumors upon gonadectomy (GDX) similar to mice with targeted deletions of the inhibin alpha subunit (Inh-/-). We performed a detailed morphological and molecular characterization of adrenal glands from CE/J mice 8-50 weeks of age to define the cellular origin of these tumors as well as the spatial and temporal expression of marker genes associated with tumor growth. In contrast to the induction of x-zone growth upon GDX in Inh-/- mice, GDX in CE/J mice induced the appearance of sub-capsular nests of densely packed cells that progress into adrenal tumors. Staining for proliferative cell nuclear antigen confirms a substantial increased in cellular proliferation within this sub-capsular compartment and lack of apoptosis upon GDX. Induction of adrenal tumor growth was accompanied by transcriptional changes that otherwise define gonadal endocrine cells. These regulated genes included transcription factors such as GATA-4, WT-1, FOG-1, and steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1), peptide hormones such as Mullerian-inhibiting substance (MIS), hormone receptors including luteinizing hormone and MIS receptor, and steroidogenic enzymes such as P450c17 and P450 aromatase. The functional significance of steroid enzyme expression was demonstrated by a gradual increase of adrenal androgens after GDX. Taken together these data suggest that adrenal tumors in gonad-ectomized CE/J mice are direct derivatives from cells of the proposed sub-capsular stem cell zone. The distinct expression pattern of this cell population is consistent with a defect in the differentiation of these cells into a cell population with functional properties that otherwise define a gonadal endocrine phenotype.
Role of surfactant protein D (SP-D) in innate immunity in the gastric mucosa: evidence of interaction with <I>Helicobacter pylori</I> lipopolysaccharide (2005)

Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a collagenous glycoprotein, a collectin, which functions as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) recognition receptor in the innate immune response. Although originally identified in the lung as a component of surfactant, SP-D also occurs in the gastric mucosa at the luminal surface and within gastric pits of mucus-secreting cells. Infection with the gastroduodenal pathogen Helicobacter pylori up-regulates expression of SP-D in human patients with gastritis, and its influence on colonization has been demonstrated in a Helicobacter SP-D-deficient (SP-D(-/-)) mouse model. SP-D binds and agglutinates H. pylori cells in a lectin-specific manner, and has been shown to bind H. pylori lipopolysaccharide. Furthermore, evidence indicates that H. pylori varies LPS O-chain structure to evade SP-D binding which is speculated aids persistence of this chronic infection.