gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maternal Age and Alzheimer's Disease (1992)

The pathogenesis of Alzheimer''s disease (AD) is contributed to by genetic factors, but the mechanism is unknown. Because of the pathological similarities between AD and Down''s syndrome, it has been suggested that increased maternal age may influence the transmission of AD. Studies which have examined maternal age in AD subjects have shown inconsistent results. We performed a case-control study using data from 214 persons referred to a Memory Clinic. The parental age of 64 patients with probable AD was compared to that of 78 patients with possible AD, 72 with other diagnoses and spouses. Although there was a trend towards higher maternal age in those with probable AD, the differences were not significant. A review of the literature reveals difficulties with case-control methodology and variability in case definition and control collection. We conclude that determining whether maternal age is increased in subjects with AD may not be possible using case-control methodology.
Perioperative radiotherapy for cancer of the esophagus (2001)

Carcinomas of the esophagus represent on average about 1% to 2% of all malignant tumors. The incidence shows extreme regional differences, reflecting the established environmental and acquired risk factors for cancer of the esophagus. There has been a major shift in tumor location and histology over the last decades, with the lower third/gastroesophageal junction becoming the most common location and adenocarcinoma the most common histology in white males. There has been a striking improvement in surgical resection rates and operative mortality; however, the curative potential of surgery is likely to be highest in early-stage disease. The poor prognosis for locally advanced tumors motivated the search for multimodal approaches to improve results. While neither perioperative radiotherapy nor perioperative chemotherapy alone have significantly improved survival rates, combined radiochemotherapy, used as neoadjuvant or definitive therapy, appears more promising. For patients with advanced tumors or extensive nodal involvement, first principles and extrapolation from other tumors of the gastrointestinal tract suggest that a combination of chemotherapy and radiation is likely to be of benefit, as compared to surgery alone. As this treatment is difficult to tolerate in the postoperative setting, neoadjuvant approaches have been emphasized. Although there are promising data, and preoperative chemoradiation is widely utilized, we do not consider the benefit of this approach to have been proven unequivocally. Future progress in the treatment of esophageal cancer may require that systemic therapy be improved to the point where occult metastatic disease can be controlled, enabling the local control provided by surgery and radiation to lead to improved survival.
Topoisomerase I-DNA covalent complexes in human colorectal cancer xenografts with different p53 and microsatellite instability status: relation with their sensitivity to CTP-11. (2001)

The topoisomerase I poison CPT-11 has proved efficient for the treatment of untreated metastatic colorectal cancers (CRC) and those refractory to fluoropyrimidines. However, the interpatient variability is important. A previous in vitro study suggested that measurements of the level of topoisomerase I-DNA intermediates trapped by camptothecin may be useful to estimate the chemosensitivity of colon carcinoma cell lines. To verify this hypothesis, we developed an immuno-assay to detect covalent topoisomerase I-DNA complexes in a series of human colorectal cancers xenografted in nude mice. Six human CRCs were selected for their distinctive p53 and microsatellite instability (MSI) status. Tumour lysates, prepared from mice untreated or treated with CPT-11, were fractionated onto CsCl gradients to separate free and DNA-bound topoisomerase I by centrifugation. Interestingly, significant levels of DNA-topoisomerase I complexes were detected in the tumours most responsive to the treatment with CPT-11, irrespective of their MSI and p53 phenotypes. Our in vivo study fully agrees with the predictions from the in vitro data indicating that evaluation of topoisomerase I-DNA complexes would be useful to predict the response of CRC to a treatment with CPT-11.
Bi-Dissipative Thick Level Set (TLS) Damage Model for Quasi-Brittle Materials (2016)

The Thick Level Set (TLS) approach applied to damage models allows for a nonlocal treatment that prevents from spurious localization problems. In previous works, isotropic damage models with a single scalar parameter were adopted. Under these conditions, a single level set was used to separate the undamaged zone from the damaged zone, and damage growth was expressed as a level set propagation. Schematically, in the damaged zone, the damage variable directly depended on the level set through an explicit function. Beyond a critical length, material was assumed as fully damaged, thus allowing for a natural transition from damage to localized cracking (i.e., strain localization). In this paper, a first step toward the extension of the TLS approach to "bi-dissipative" isotropic damage models is presented. In the adopted formulation, degradation of material properties under prevailing compressive/tensile loading conditions is separately treated. Two distinct damage variables and activation criteria are used. This allows taking into account the degradation of material properties in tension due to compressive damage (for the moment, no unilateral effect is accounted for). In the article, the local damage model and its mathematical properties are discussed first. A strategy for dealing with bi-dissipative damage in the framework of a TLS approach is then presented.
Effect of L-carnitine on the zidovudine-induced destruction of human myotubes. Part I: L-carnitine prevents the myotoxicity of AZT in vitro. (1994)

L-Carnitine, used concurrently with AZT, prevents the human myotubes from the AZT-associated destruction, preserves the structure and volume of mitochondria and prevents the accumulation of lipids. The findings may have potential clinical implications in preventing the myotoxicity of AZT in patients with AIDS.
Towards a Framework for Enterprise-wide Operational Agility in Complex Environments (2019)

Decision-making within a complex operating environment spanning multiple domains necessitates enterprise-level operational agility. In this case, operational agility involves ability to react to dynamic opponents and the orchestration of technical resources as well as alignment of managerial processes. A shift from the system level to the enterprise view is necessary. However, there is a lack of frameworks addressing how operational agility at the enterprise level can be obtained. The aim of this study was two-fold: (i) to understand the concept of operational agility in context of recent developments and their challenges, and (ii) to propose an innovative metric feeding into operational agility as the enterprise level. Our results indicate that current commonly used systems engineering metrics focus on system specific measures of merit. In this research, we suggest new metrics to enable system/capability evaluation with an enterprise or portfolio context-the enterprise readiness level. A research path forward is proposed.
Interpretation of echocardiographic measurements: A call for standardization (2000)

Background Although echocardiography is used extensively in clinical medicine, guidelines for quantitative interpretation of echocardiographic measurements are unavailable. The goals of this investigation were to provide an overview of scientific standards for formulating reference values, with clinical chemistry used as a model, to evaluate published echocardiographic reference limits, to survey clinical echocardiography laboratories regarding their interpretation of echocardiographic measurements, and to provide recommendations for improving the interpretation and reporting of echocardiographic measurements. Methods and Results We reviewed the original reports of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry on guidelines for formulating reference values. We obtained published reports on echocardiographic reference limits through searches of electronic databases supplemented by a manual search of relevant bibliographies. We also surveyed echocardiographic laboratories in 35 adult acute-care hospitals in Eastern Massachusetts. Studies on echocardiographic reference values were evaluated with the use of guidelines from clinical chemistry. Responses from the 29 participating echocardiographic laboratories were evaluated for their practice of quantitative echocardiographic interpretation. There is considerable heterogeneity in the echocardiographic reference values available in the literature. There is also a lack of agreement in the literature and among echocardiographers regarding the partitioning of reference values (by sex, ethnicity, or age), the anthropometric measure to be used for indexation, and the choice of cut points for categorizing values within the abnormal range. Conclusions We advocate that echocardiographic reference limits be standardized and a consensus generated regarding the partitioning of reference limits and the indexation of echocardiographic measurements. Such measures can aid in quantitative echocardiographic interpretation and render the results more scientific and consistent.
Heterometallic adducts of [Rh<sub>6</sub>(CO)<sub>15</sub>C]<sup>2–</sup>, including the novel double- and triple-decker sandwich compounds [Ag<sub>n</sub>{Rh<sub>6</sub>(CO)<sub>15</sub>C}<sub>2</sub>]<sup>(4–n)–</sup>(n= 1 and 3) and [Ag<sub>n</sub>{Rh<sub>6</sub>(CO)<sub>15</sub>C}<sub>3</sub>]<sup>(6–n)–</sup>(n= 2 and 4) and the X-ray structural characterisation of [PPh<sub>4</sub>]<sub>3</sub>[Ag{Rh<sub>6</sub>(CO)<sub>15</sub>C}<sub>2</sub>] (1983)

Multinuclear n.m.r. measurements have been used to establish the formation of the following new adducts of [Rh6(CO)15C]2– by capping the trigonal face of the Rh6 trigonal prism: [{M(PEt3)}{Rh6(CO)15C}]–(M = Ag or Au), [Agn{Rh6(CO)15C}2](4–n)–(n= 1 or 3), [Agn{Rh6(CO)15C}3](6–n)–(n= 2 or 4), [Agn{Rh6(CO)15C}n]n–(n > 3), and [Ag2{Rh6(CO)15C}]. There is no evidence for dissociation of any of these species on the n.m.r. time-scale, whereas n.m.r. spectra suggest that dissociation of [Cu(NCMe)]+ occurs in [{Cu(NCMe)}n{Rh6(CO)15C}](2–n)–(n= 1 or possibly 2) both at room and low temperature. X-ray crystallographic analysis of [Ag{Rh6(CO)15C}2]3– shows that a silver atom is sandwiched between trigonal faces of two staggered Rh6 trigonal-prismatic units and the nature of the silver–rhodium interaction is discussed.
<i>In silico</i> Predictions of Drug Solubility and Permeability: Two Rate‐limiting Barriers to Oral Drug Absorption (2005)

Aqueous drug solubility and intestinal drug permeability are two of the most important factors influencing drug absorption. If the developability of a drug is to be included in the lead optimization, new experimental and computational models of solubility and permeability are needed. These models must have the capacity to handle a large amount of data. Nowadays, epithelial cell culture models such as Caco-2 are routinely used to assess intestinal drug permeability and transport in drug discovery settings. The permeability values obtained from the Caco-2 cell monolayers have been traditionally used to devise in silico models for the prediction of drug absorption. In this paper, the use of molecular surface areas as descriptors of permeability and solubility will be reviewed. Moreover, a virtual filter for the prediction of oral drug developability based on the successful combination of in vitro and in silico models of drug permeability and aqueous drug solubility will be discussed.
Modern Minimally Invasive Treatment of Proximal Humeral Fractures (2013)

Proximal humerus fractures are often difficult to treat, especially in the case of displaced and comminuted fractures in combination with poor bone quality owing to osteoporosis. Because of constantly improving implants and evolving surgical techniques, the reduction and fixation of even the most complex proximal humeral fractures might be technically achievable nowadays. However, certain biological limitations need to be considered as they will dictate the fracture healing, vascularity of the fragments, and especially the clinical outcome. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to treat patients with a soft tissue and blood-supply–sparing technique that at the same time provides sufficient stability for retention of the previously achieved fracture reduction. The Humerusblock is a semi-rigid implant, which in combination with a percutaneous screw fixation system allows for minimally invasive treatment even of complex proximal humeral fractures. The greatest technical challenges are encountered in the percutaneous reduction of fragments with disrupted periostal bridges. In terms of clinical outcome, the results of the Humerusblock seem strongly related to the age and bone quality of the treated patient and the fracture type encountered. The fact that the minimally invasive and soft tissue–sparing Humerusblock technique enables a dynamic fixation of the head fragment that allows for controlled sintering and fracture consolidation without major cutout complications when adhering to the postoperative treatment protocol makes this technique especially attractive in the treatment of proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients with poor bone quality.
Evaluación clínica básica de la malnutrición pediátrica (2009)

El examen colectivo y la evaluación del riesgo nutricional deben constituir una parte sistemática de la evaluación clínica. Los objetivos de la evaluación nutricional consisten en determinar el riesgo o la presencia de malnutrición y proporcionar normas para el tratamiento a corto y a largo plazo. El estado nutricional se evalúa por medio de un abordaje simple, principalmente clínico, basado en la historia clínica, la exploración física, las mediciones antropométricas, la ingestión alimentaria, la composición corporal y los parámetros biológicos. La evaluación del estado nutricional debe comenzar con la historia y la exploración física en combinación con el registro alimentario. Cuando se presume que un niño presenta riesgo de desnutrición es imprescindible la evaluación de la ingestión inadecuada, la reducción de la absorción, las pérdidas excesivas, el deterioro de la utilización o el aumento de las necesidades. El crecimiento es el mejor indicador del estado nutricional. El análisis del crecimiento (ganancia de peso y velocidad del crecimiento) mediante curvas de crecimiento sigue siendo la herramienta más simple para evaluar los cambios en el estado nutricional. Otros índices antropométricos utilizados para evaluar el estado nutricional son el índice de masa corporal, el espesor del pliegue cutáneo y el perímetro del antebrazo (MAC, por sus siglas en inglés). Aunque se utilizan varias clasificaciones para definir la malnutrición, ninguna de ellas ha sido validada correctamente para diagnosticar la malnutrición en los niños. Hasta la fecha, el examen colectivo nutricional sistemático se realiza raramente en pacientes pediátricos debido a la ausencia de una herramienta de detección sistemática nutricional simple y válida. Todavía no se ha elaborado una herramienta de detección sistemática fácil de usar que haya sido validada en diversos procesos pediátricos.
PLATE OSTEOSYNTHESIS (2000)

Director of Trauma; Department of Surgery; Monash University; Alfred Hospital; Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
OPTICALLY PUMPED TUNNELLING MILLIMETRE-WAVE MIXER. (1985)

The authors describe a novel form of mixer using a reverse-biased Schottky-n GaAs tunneling junction, where local oscillator injection is provided by an intensity-modulated optical signal. Experiments on the mixing properties of conventional heterostructure pin photodiodes which led to the development of the optically pumped tunneling mixer are described. A computer model of the new structure is used to obtain predictions of its mixing performance. Finally, some preliminary experimental results for a prototype device are given.
The road from poly(α-amino acids) to the prediction of protein conformation (1987)

The physicochemical properties and the conformational transitions of various poly(α-amino acids) are described. Rotatory dispersion and CD techniques to determine the secondary structure were developed. The similarity between the helix–coil Zimm–Bragg parameters of the poly(α-amino acids) and the frequencies of the amino acids found in the various secondary structures in proteins is utilized to develop an algorithm to predict the secondary structure of proteins from the primary sequence. Application of the predictive scheme to various biological/biochemical problems is described.
Agonist regulation of adenylate cyclase activity in neuroblastoma × glioma hybrid NG108-15 cells transfected to co-express adenylate cyclase type II and the <i>β</i>2-adrenoceptor. Evidence that adenylate cyclase is the limiting component for receptor-mediated stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity (1996)

Stable cell lines, derived from NG108-15 cells and transfected to express both the beta 2-adrenoceptor and adenylate cyclase type II, were produced and examined. The absence of adenylate cyclase type II in the parental cells and its presence in these clones was demonstrated by reverse transcriptase-PCR. Total cellular levels of adenylate cyclase were increased in a number of clones between 3- and 8-fold, as assessed by guanine nucleotide-stimulated specific high-affinity binding of [3H]forskolin to cellular membranes. Basal adenylate cyclase activity was markedly elevated compared with a clone expressing similar levels of the beta 2-adrenoceptor in the absence of adenylate cyclase type II. Each of NaF, forskolin and guanosine 5'-[beta, gamma-imido]triphosphate (a poorly hydrolysed analogue of GTP) produced substantially higher levels of adenylate cyclase activity in membranes of the clones positive for expression of adenylate cyclase type II than was achieved with the parental cells. Both isoprenaline, acting at the introduced beta 2-adrenoceptor, and iloprost, acting at the endogenously expressed IP prostanoid receptor, stimulated adenylate cyclase activity to much higher levels in the clones expressing adenylate cyclase type II compared with the clone lacking this adenylate cyclase; however, the concentration-effect curves for adenylate cyclase stimulation by these two agonists were not different between parental cells and clones over-expressing adenylate cyclase type II. A maximally effective concentration of the beta-adrenoceptor partial agonist ephedrine displayed similar intrinsic activity and potency to stimulate adenylate cyclase in membranes of clones both with and without adenylate cyclase type II. Both secretin and 5'-N-ethylcarbox-amidoadenosine (acting at an endogenous A2 adenosine receptor) were also able to produce substantially greater maximal activations of adenylate cyclase in the clones expressing excess adenylate cyclase type II, without alterations in agonist intrinsic activity or potency. These results demonstrate that the maximal output of the stimulatory arm of the adenylate cyclase cascade can be increased by increasing total levels of adenylate cyclase in the genetic background of NG108-15 cells.
Lack of toxicity in two cases of neonatal acyclovir overdose (1989)

MCDONALD, LISA K. PHARMD; TARTAGLIONE, TERESA A. PHARMD; MENDELMAN, PAUL M. MD; OPHEIM, KENT E. PHD; COREY, LAWRENCE MD Author Information
Oxidative cyclization of .delta.,.epsilon.- and .epsilon.,.zeta.-unsaturated enol silyl ethers and unsaturated siloxycyclopropanes (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidative cyclization of .delta.,.epsilon.- and .epsilon.,.zeta.-unsaturated enol silyl ethers and unsaturated siloxycyclopropanesBarry B. Snider and Taesoo KwonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 8, 2399–2410Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00034a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00034a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1015Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Intracardiac Ultrasound for Esophageal Anatomic Assessment and Localization During Left Atrial Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation (2012)

These data demonstrate that traditional means of mapping the esophagus using a catheter within the esophagus are insufficient and often grossly underestimate the actual anatomy. Imaging techniques that define the complete esophageal lumen should be considered to truly minimize esophageal injury risk.
Fluorosilicate Glass (FSG) Outgassing Induced Aluminum Bond Pad Corrosion during Post-Fab Wafer Storage (2012)

Abstract A case study of Fluorine (F)-outgassing is presented in this paper that caused the corrosion of Aluminum bond pad. It will be shown that the source of F-contamination is not the typical residue left behind after the passivation etch with Fluorine-based gas chemistry and the subsequent removal of the etch polymer generated with solvent (chemical) clean. Rather, it is introduced as a result of F-outgas over a period of time from the intermetallic dielectric (IMD) film, fluorosilicate glass (FSG), during the post-fab wafer storage. The methodology used in our failure analysis (FA) lab to identify and characterize this type of failure mode is presented in the paper.
Comparative Analysis of Different Approaches to Measure Treatment Response in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2012)

In childhood AML, morphologic assessment of treatment response has limited value if MRD is measured by flow cytometry. MLL fusion transcripts can provide prognostic information in some patients, whereas monitoring of AML1-ETO and CBFβ-MYH11 transcripts is largely uninformative.