gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The brick wall: NP completeness (1997)

For over 40 years, artificial intelligence (AI) has not fulfilled its promise of truly intelligent machines for general use. As early as the 1950s and 1960s, scientists developed computational models of intelligence. They then excitedly coded these models into the best computers of the day. At first the scientists were puzzled by the machines' inability to produce reasoned output. Bewilderment became frustration when they realized they had banged into an unforeseen brick wall. This wall had stopped them in their tracks and continues to do so today. AI also has stymied scientists and engineers in other fields such as operations research (the field concerned with determining efficient manufacturing and scheduling protocols), VLSI chip design and testing, and database management. The brick wall exists because many combinatorial problems that are fundamentally important are NP complete. (NP stands for nondeterministic polynomial time.) We illustrate the problem NP completeness causes with an example taken from manufacturing. A general purpose welding device is to be used on an assembly line. It will make numerous welds at predetermined positions on a particular kind of part. The positions will be welded in a specific sequence called a schedule. This schedule is programmed into the welder before a "run".
Fat reduction in chocolate: a multidisciplinary approach considering emulsion science and consumer expectations (2012)

Chocolate is consumed in large quantities, but is high in fat and calories, and has limited nutritional benefits. Producing reduced-fat chocolate offers a way of reducing energy consumed, if the consumer will accept the product. The aims of the research presented in this thesis were: i) to investigate consumer response to reduced-fat chocolate; ii) to investigate formulation routes for producing a reduced fat chocolate.\n\nFocus group data indicated ambivalence towards chocolate, with some negativity towards the concept of a reduced-fat indulgent product. By manipulating label information it was shown that whilst consumers expected to like chocolate labelled ‘reduced-fat’ less than the standard chocolate, ratings of actual liking and of sensory attributes were similar. Thus, personal experience plays a greater role than expectations. This suggests that if the sensory characteristics of a reduced-fat chocolate can be matched to a standard chocolate, actual liking should not be affected. Packaging concepts indicated how different components of the package affect liking.\n\nWater in oil cocoa butter emulsions were produced using a high shear mixer and a margarine line. Formulation changes (emulsifier type and concentration, and gelatin concentration) and processing parameters (shaft speeds and temperatures, and flow rate) were considered. All emulsions had small droplets (typically 1-5μm) and little ‘free water’. When produced on the margarine line fat crystals in polymorphic form V were produced. Crystalline shells were also observed at the droplet interface. Pilot plant experiments resulted in comparable emulsions, with small droplets and fat crystals in form V. Although a full chocolate was not produced, the potential for margarine technology to produce a reduced-fat chocolate was demonstrated.
Effect of sumatriptan on cerebral blood flow in the baboon model. (1994)

Changes in cerebral blood flow are implicated to be important in the pathophysiology of migraine. Furthermore, serotonin (5-HT) is known to be the most important substance in the etiology of migraine. Sumatriptan (CAS 103628-46-2), a 5-HTID receptor agonist was recently introduced in the treatment of migraine. In the present study a baboon model was used to investigate the changes in cerebral blood flow due to anaesthesia and pharmacological interventions using 99mTc-labelled hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The effect of sumatriptan on cerebral blood flow was investigated after 10 min and again after 23 min, with the animal under anaesthesia, i.e. induction with ketamine and maintenance on thiopental. Sumatriptan did not alter the cerebral blood flow during the 10 min procedure. However, sumatriptan reversed the increased cerebral blood flow due to the prolonged anaesthesia (23 min), lowering the cerebral blood flow by more than 20%. No significant changes in the biochemical parameters (blood pressure, heart rate, pO2 and pCO2) were observed. These results also suggest that sumatriptan reverses the increased cerebral blood flow most likely via 5-HTID receptor stimulation.
L1CAM Binds ErbB Receptors through Ig-Like Domains Coupling Cell Adhesion and Neuregulin Signalling (2012)

During nervous system development different cell-to-cell communication mechanisms operate in parallel guiding migrating neurons and growing axons to generate complex arrays of neural circuits. How such a system works in coordination is not well understood. Cross-regulatory interactions between different signalling pathways and redundancy between them can increase precision and fidelity of guidance systems. Immunoglobulin superfamily proteins of the NCAM and L1 families couple specific substrate recognition and cell adhesion with the activation of receptor tyrosine kinases. Thus it has been shown that L1CAM-mediated cell adhesion promotes the activation of the EGFR (erbB1) from Drosophila to humans. Here we explore the specificity of the molecular interaction between L1CAM and the erbB receptor family. We show that L1CAM binds physically erbB receptors in both heterologous systems and the mammalian developing brain. Different Ig-like domains located in the extracellular part of L1CAM can support this interaction. Interestingly, binding of L1CAM to erbB enhances its response to neuregulins. During development this may synergize with the activation of erbB receptors through L1CAM homophilic interactions, conferring diffusible neuregulins specificity for cells or axons that interact with the substrate through L1CAM.
Assessing Strength and Power in Youth Populations (2022)

Apply it! After reading this article, exercise professionals will be able to: • Understand why it is useful to assess strength and power in youth. • Appreciate why it is important to consider maturity and size when assessing the strength and power of youth. • Identify different tests that can be used to assess strength and power in youth, depending on available resources. • Report results to different audiences, including children and their parent(s)/guardian(s), coaches, and exercise professionals.
Arthroscopic Meniscal Repair (1983)

Repairs of peripheral meniscus tears have been shown to be an effective and successful procedure. Arthroscopic instruments and techniques have been improved to allow for the repair of some of these tears. Two techniques have been utilized by the authors in a limited number of cases with excellent results to date.
Schemes of pilot pattern design of channel estimation in adaptive cognitive MIMO-OFDM system: Review (2016)

MIMO-OFDM is commonly used for communication system because it provides high data rates and fading effect which is introduced by multipath propagation; the system is robust against it. In MIMO-OFDM, channel estimation is a crucial technique for the estimation of the transmitted signal bits upon the received signal bits. Designing pilot pattern is an important step to realize PSA-OFDM. For channel estimator designing in wireless OFDM systems, the arrangement of pilot information is an important task, in which pilot is a reference signal employed by both transmitter and receiver. In this paper, we present a research on constraining requisites of pilot patterns such as the number and the interval of pilot symbols. Then, different types of pilot patterns and usage scenarios are summarized roundly.
Finite Difference-Time Domain Analysis of Electromagnetic Interference and Radiation Problems (1995)

OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of informatiori. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of
Ruthenium amino carboxylate complexes as asymmetric hydrogen transfer catalysts (2012)

The synthesis and characterization of optically active amino carboxylate complexes of formula [(η(6)-arene)Ru(Aa)Cl] (arene = C(6)H(6), C(6)Me(6), Aa = amino carboxylate) as well as those of the related trimers [{(η(6)-arene)Ru(Aa)}(3)][BF(4)](3) are reported. Trimerization takes place with chiral self-recognition: only diastereomers equally configured at the metal, R(Ru)R(Ru)R(Ru) or S(Ru)S(Ru)S(Ru), are detected. The crystal structures of the complexes [(η(6)-C(6)H(6))Ru(Pip)Cl] and [{(η(6)-C(6)Me(6))Ru(Pro)}(3)][BF(4)](3) have been determined by X-ray diffraction methods. Both types of complexes catalyse the hydrogen transfer reaction from 2-propanol to ketones with moderate enantioselectivity (up to 68% ee). The enantiodifferentiation achieved can be accounted for by assuming that Noyori's bifunctional mechanism is operating.
Rings as elements for frequency selective surfaces (1981)

Arrays of simple rings on close packed square or triangular lattices are useful frequency selective surfaces for reflector antennas. Reflection bandwidths of about 26 per cent and transmission/reflection band ratios of 3:1 are readily attainable for angles of incidence of up to 45° at least. Experimental transmission coefficients are compared with the results of modal computations.
Virtual Content Creation Using Dynamic Omnidirectional Texture Synthesis (2018)

We present a dynamic omnidirectional texture synthesis (DOTS) approach for generating real-time virtual reality content captured using a consumer-grade RGB-D camera. Compared to a single fixed-viewpoint color map, view-dependent texture mapping (VDTM) techniques can reproduce finer detail and replicate dynamic lighting effects that become especially noticeable with head tracking in virtual reality. However, VDTM is very sensitive to errors such as missing data or inaccurate camera pose estimation, both of which are commonplace for objects captured using consumer-grade RGB-D cameras. To overcome these limitations, our proposed optimization can synthesize a high resolution view-dependent texture map for any virtual camera location. Synthetic textures are generated by uniformly sampling a spherical virtual camera set surrounding the virtual object, thereby enabling efficient real-time rendering for all potential viewing directions.
Foundations of Intelligent Tutoring Systems (2013)

This collection of essays -- each of which treats an integral aspect of the field -- defines several key concepts and their interrelationships, outlines basic research issues, and discusses near-term applications projects. The book examines three foundations of ITSs in detail -- expert, student diagnostic, and instructional or curricular knowledge -- and describes: * How they are embodied in computer-assisted instructional environments * How these systems accrue the advantages of advanced computer interface technologies * How ITSs will emerge in the real world of complex problem solving * How researchers must learn to evaluate the effectiveness and overall quality of these dynamic systems in a world where machine tutoring may one day be taken for granted. Justine Wise Polier (1903-1987) was educated at Bryn Mawr, Radcliffe, and Barnard. She earned her law degree from Yale Law School where she was editor of the Yale Law Journal. In 1935, she was appointed Justice of the Family Court where she sat for 38 years. Judge Polier took a leave from the bench in 1941 when she was appointed special advisor to Eleanor Roosevelt at the Office of Civilian Defense in Washington. She also served as Chairman of the Committee on Mental Health for New York. Judge Polier was a founder and president of the Wiltwyck School; vice president of the Citizens Committee for Children of N.Y.; vice president of the American Jewish Congress; Delegate to the White House Conferences on Children and on Education. Judge Polier was a member of the Institute of Judicial Administration, American Bar Association. She was on the editorial board of the International Juridical Association and was awarded the 1964 Isaac Ray Award by the American Psychiatric Association for "contributions to the improvement of the relations of Law and Psychiatry." Following her retirement from the bench, she served as the director of the Juvenile Judge division of the Children's Defense Fund. During her illustrious career, Judge Polier was the recipient of numerous awards including: the Citation for Distinguished Service to the City of New York, 1973; the Human Services Award from the New York and Bronx Mental Health Association, 1973; the Eleanor Roosevelt Humanitarian Award from the Board of Directors of Wiltwyck School, 1975. Judge Polier also published numerous reports and several books including: Everyone's Children, Nobody's Child; Back to What Woodshed?; A View from the Bench; and The Rule of Law and the Role of Psychiatry.
Quenching of the tyrosyl free radical of ribonucleotide reductase by nitric oxide. Relationship to cytostasis induced in tumor cells by cytotoxic macrophages. (1994)

Nitric oxide (NO) synthesized by macrophages inhibits tumor cell replication. NO also inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, an enzyme essential for DNA synthesis, probably by quenching the catalytically active tyrosyl free radical of its R2 subunit. The role of this inhibition in NO-mediated cytostasis was thus evaluated. After a 4-h coculture with macrophages, quenching of the radical was demonstrated by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy in transfected L1210-R2 cells over-expressing the R2 protein. Pronounced cytostasis was simultaneously observed. A NO synthase inhibitor greatly reduced both phenomena. Target cells withdrawn from macrophages partially recovered from cytostasis and radical loss within 90 min. Deoxyribonucleosides added to by-pass ribonucleotide reductase inhibition efficiently reversed cytostasis of K-562 cells. After a 24-h coculture, the quenched tyrosyl radical still reappeared in L1210-R2 cells withdrawn from macrophages, but DNA synthesis did not resume. Moreover, deoxyribonucleosides marginally reversed overnight cytostasis of K-562 cells mediated by macrophages but were efficient against cytostasis induced by hydroxyurea, a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor. Autocrine cytostasis observed early in TA3-H2 cells committed to produce NO was closely correlated with quenching of the tyrosyl radical but not with formation of dinitrosyl-iron complexes. We thus propose that NO-dependent cytostasis begins with a rapid and reversible inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase, progressively reinforced by other, long-lasting antiproliferative effects.
[The control of arterial hypertension in primary care: the evaluation of a program of self-care]. (1994)

Arterial hypertension can be controlled in primary care by health education for self-care. On the basis of this study's findings, it is not valid to conclude that group is more efficacious than individual education.
Disparities in access to family planning services in Jamaica. (1996)

In order to improve the effectiveness and subtainability of the family planning programme, the National Family Planning Board has devised a strategy to shift users to longer-acting methods and increase the role of the private sector. To design interventions, a better understanding of existing services was thought to be necessary. This study examines the distribution of family planning service delivery points in Jamaica and the services offered by the public and private sectors through an examination of records and questionnaire interviews. The study found that, because of the concentration of private sector providers-the main outlets for longer-acting methods-in urban areas, rural areas had poor access to these methods. Because rural areas are not attractive to private sector providers, the public sector should recognize the need to continue to serve these areas.
Efficient Virus Detection Using Dynamic Instruction Sequences (2009)

In this paper, we present a novel approach to detect unknown virus using dynamic instruction sequences mining techniques. We collect runtime instruction sequences from unknown executables and organize instruction sequences into basic blocks. We extract instruction sequence patterns based on three types of instruction associations within derived basic blocks. Following a data mining process, we perform feature extraction, feature selection and then build a classification model to learn instruction association patterns from both benign and malicious dataset automatically. By applying this classification model, we can predict the nature of an unknown program. We also build a program monitor which is able to capture runtime instruction sequences of an arbitrary program. The monitor utilizes the derived classification model to make an intelligent guess based on the information extracted from instruction sequences to decide whether the tested program is benign or malicious. Our result shows that our approach is accurate, reliable and efficient. © 2009 ACADEMY PUBLISHER.
Assessment of the Hemiparetic Upper Extremity (1984)

The Functional Test gives an accurate and immediate assessment of upper extremity capabilities for performance of functional activities. It has been used primarily with patients who have a residual hemiparetic upper extremity following a stroke. This seventeen task test is arranged in seven levels and can be administered in approximately thirty minutes. It is completely portable and can be used practically in many different treatment settings. The information obtained will allow therapists to set realistic functional goals and design effective programs for the patient's use of the involved upper extremity. The early research on this instrument implies that this test may be used as an alternative to some of the traditional objective and time consuming test measures that are currently used by occupational therapists.
Macromedia flash MX game design demystified (2002)

So you wanna be a hotshot game designer? Well, if you have a basic grasp of Macromedia Flash MX, you can. Unafraid to tackle some of the more complicated aspects of game creation (including physics and trigonometry!), this comprehensive reference covers it all. Macromedia Flash Game Design Demystified starts out with the basics: planning, adapting ActionScript techniques, using introductory Flash game techniques, and more. Then it gets down to the real business of building simple games. You'll tackle simple-logic and quiz games before moving on to multiplayer and complex-logic games (chess, for example)--learning about importing 3-D graphics, adding sound effects, and licensing your games in the process. The book's companion CD includes the source files for a number of games as well as the tutorials and lessons that go along with the book and XML server software to facilitate multiplayer games. If you're tired of the games that you have and want to make your own action, this book offers comprehensive coverage of sophisticated techniques--but put in easy-to-grasp, practical terms.
Teoría de la dependencia. La dependencia de Celso Furtado (2005)

El autor toma la reciente publicacion de un libro sobre la dependencia, por Theotonio dos Santos, que dedica un tercio a Brasil, como ocasion para volver sobre el tema esta vez en un homenaje a Celso Furtado. Theotonio dos Santos considera una cuestion secundaria la de si el creador de la teoria de dependencia fue el, Fernando Henrique Cardoso o Andre Gunder Frank. No interesa plantear esta cuestion sino destacar la participacion y contribucion real de Celso Furtado. El gran merito de Furtado es su propia dependencia del ambiente que el vive y la conversion de su problematica en su propia obra vital.
Peptidomimetic Host That Binds a Peptide Guest Affording a .beta.-Sheet Structure That Subsequently Self-Assembles. A Simple Receptor Mimic (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPeptidomimetic Host That Binds a Peptide Guest Affording a .beta.-Sheet Structure That Subsequently Self-Assembles. A Simple Receptor MimicSteven R. LaBrenz and Jeffery W. KellyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 5, 1655–1656Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00110a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00110a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views222Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A General Scheme for Extracting QR Code from a Non-uniform Background in Camera Phones and Applications (2007)

With the rapid advances in mobile communication technologies, QR code in the embedded camera devices has been used as new input interfaces. However, the previous works for extracting QR code from an image do not consider a non-uniform background. In this paper, we implement the applications of QR code and propose an efficient algorithm to extract QR code from the non-uniform background. In contrast with prior works, our approach is of higher accuracy for QR-code recognition and more practical for use in a mobile information environment.