gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cycloaddition of thiophene S-oxides to allenes, alkynes and to benzyne (2003)

Thiophenes have been treated with alkynes in the presence of m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid to give substituted arenes as cycloadducts. Alternatively, thiophene S-oxides have been prepared by oxidation from thiophenes and have been subjected to cycloaddition with alkynes in a subsequent step. The outcome of the reaction is dependent on the steric demand of the thiophene S-oxide. Some thiophene S-oxides can be reacted at temperatures as high as 140 °C without decomposition. Thiophenes as deoxygenated products are the main by-products. Reactions of thiophene S-oxides with allenes give in part thiabicyclo[2.2.1]heptene S-oxides of type 12a and 13 along with aromatized products. Thiophene S-oxides also cycloadd to benzyne.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Effects of extended-release metoprolol succinate in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery (POISE trial): a randomised controlled trial. (2009)

Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: Effects of extended-release metoprolol succinate in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery (POISE trial): a randomised controlled trial.
Polymer reactors and molecular weight distribution: Part II. Free radical polymerization in a batch reactor (1967)

Abstract The free radical polymerization of styrene in benzene was studied theoretically and experimentally over ranges of monomer and catalyst (AIBN) concentrations and temperature in an isothermal, stirred batch reactor. Molecular weight distributions were measured with a gel permeation chromatograph. Tung's hermite polynomial method was used to correct for imperfect resolution. The differential rate equations have been solved to predict the conversion of monomer and molecular weight distribution of the polymer as a function of time. These solutions were used to interpret the experimental rate data. Good agreement between theory and experiment was found for narrow and broad distribution, provided the variation of the termination constant with solvent concentration was accounted for. The agreement between the experimental and calculated molecular weight distribution suggests the utility of gel pemeation chromatography in the investigation of polymer reaction kinetics.
Carbaboranylation of Truncated C‐Terminal Neuropeptide Y Analogue Leads to Full hY<sub>1</sub> Receptor Agonism (2018)

The human Y<sub>1</sub> receptor is overexpressed in breast tumour cells and is, therefore, a valuable target for site-selective drug delivery. The well-established hY<sub>1</sub> R-selective ligand [Phe7,Pro34]NPY has been used to couple to drugs but its length of 36 amino acids also implies complex synthesis and high production costs. Therefore, shorter ligands are desirable. However, truncated versions of neuropeptide Y (NPY) usually result in reduced binding, antagonists, or only partial G-protein-biased agonists. Herein, we report on a nonamer peptide derived from the C terminus of NPY that is modified by a carbaborane, which is able to activate hY<sub>1</sub> R fully in terms of G-protein activation but also arrestin recruitment and internalisation. We provide evidence that this unique behaviour is due to the bulky nature of the carbaborane cluster, which might address a specific second binding pocket in hY<sub>1</sub> R that is crucial for arrestin recruitment. Thus, this study helps in deciphering ligand-induced onset of different pathways in hY<sub>1</sub> R mediated signalling.
Photodynamic Effect Using a Diode Laser with Mono- <scp>L</scp> -aspartyl Chlorin e6 (NPe6) for Implanted Mouse Tumor (1994)

A new red diode laser has been developed that is suited for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The new laser can be used with NPe6, a photosensitizer that does not prolong normal skin sensitiveness. This study examined the effectiveness of PDT using the diode laser and compound for treatment of fibrosarcoma implanted in BALB/c mice.
SEAT BELT AND CHILD RESTRAINT USE: A GUIDE FOR CONDUCTING OBSERVATION SURVEYS (1993)

In order to understand by whom, when and where occupant restraints are and are not being used, the Roads and Traffic Authority (RTA) conducts observational surveys of occupant restraint use. The survey method has been developed over many years so that it provides accurate and detailed information on restraint use. This document is designed to be a simple guide to the research method used by the RTA to collect observational restraint use data. The method provides information on: type of vehicle used; seating position; sex of adult; age of child; type of restraint being used; quality of use of restraint; and what unrestrained children are doing.
Using an Imaging Plate to Measure the Concentration of Radon Progeny in Air (2004)

A simple technique was developed for using an imaging plate (IP) to estimate the individual concentrations of radon progeny in the air. The objective of this technique is to survey concentrations in high-humidity environments, such as caves, utility mains, and underground facilities.An IP called BAS-III, which performs well in extremely humid environments, was selected. The sampling flow rate was 65 liters per minute by a 47 mm-dia. glass-fiber filter (GF/F), and the grab sampling time was determined to be 5-10 minutes. One minute after the air sampling, the surface of the filter was attached directly to the IP in a prepared cassette. This was repeated six times for 10 minutes, for a total exposure of 60 minutes. Six values of Photo-Stimulated Luminescence (PSL) indicating the decay curve of the radon progeny sampled on the filter were analyzed. In environments with extremely high concentrations of radon, more accurate measurements can be obtained by making a simple distinction between PSL values for α and β rays. The lower detection limit for the equilibrium equivalent concentration (EEC) of radon was estimated to be about 20 Bqm-3. This system can be successfully adopted in humid areas.
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase-Dependent Cerebral Blood Flow Augmentation by <scp>L</scp>-Arginine After Chronic Statin Treatment (2000)

Nitric oxide, a product of nitric oxide synthase activity, relaxes vascular smooth muscle and elevates brain blood flow. We evaluated the importance of eNOS to cerebral blood flow augmentation after L-arginine infusion and increases in flow after eNOS upregulation in SV-129 mice. Blood flow was measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry before and after L-arginine infusion (450 mg/kg during a 15-minute period) or measured by 14C-iodoamphetamine indicator fractionation or 14C-iodoantipyrine tissue equilibration techniques. rCBF increased by 26% (laser Doppler flowmetry) after L-arginine infusion but did not change in mutant mice deficient in eNOS expression. After eNOS upregulation by chronic simvastatin treatment (2 mg/kg subcutaneously, daily for 14 days), L-arginine amplified and sustained the hyperemia (38%) and increased absolute brain blood flow from 86 +/- 7 to 119 +/- 10 mL/100 g per minute. Furthermore, pretreatment with simvastatin enhanced blood flow within ischemic brain tissue after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Together, these findings suggest that eNOS activity is critical for blood flow augmentation during acute L-arginine infusion, and chronic eNOS upregulation combined with L-arginine administration provides a novel strategy to elevate cerebral blood flow in the normal and ischemic brain.
Third-order spectral phase compensation in parabolic pulse compression (2007)

We report on the use of a hybrid compressor system consisting in a set of prisms embedded in a sequence of gratings specifically designed to optimize the compression of amplified parabolic pulses. Spectral phase measurements confirm that, as opposed to traditional gratings compressors, the third-order spectral phase is efficiently compensated in our system. We show that compression optimization leads to the enhancement of the temporal Strehl ratio from 0.67 using conventional compressor to 0.96 using our system. We demonstrate that prisms embedded gratings compressors assert itself as a simple and efficient solution to third-order dispersion compensation as this issue grows rapidly with the scaling of the performance in energy and bandwidth of parabolic fiber amplifiers.
Acid-Base Chemistry of the Aluminum Ion in Aqueous Solution (1998)

This demonstration deals with the amphoteric behavior of Al3+ ions in aqueous solution. Slow addition of OH- to an Al3+ containing solution results in the formation of a precipitate which redissolves upon further addition of OH- .
Evaporation rates in spray drying (1960)

Abstract Heat and mass transfer coefficients have been determined during the evaporation of water sprays produced by pneumatic atomizing nozzles in a vertical, cocurrent spray dryer, 8‐in. in diameter and 14 ft. high, under various operating conditions. The progressive evaporation of the spray down the chamber was followed by taking samples of the drying air and of the water droplets at various distances from the nozzle, and a new volumetric method for the accurate determination of air humidities was developed. For droplet spray ranging in mean diameter from 11.5 to 38.5 microns, the heat and mass transfer coefficients were found to be essentially the same as for single, stationary droplets evaporating in still air, the similarity being attributed to the almost equal diffusivity of the drop and of the air stream, resulting in negligible relative velocity. Certain important aspects of spray dryer design are discussed, and a method is outlined for the calculation of the residence time in the evaporation zone.
An Unconventional Route to Monodisperse and Intimately Contacted Semiconducting Organic–Inorganic Nanocomposites (2015)

We developed an unconventional route to produce uniform and intimately contacted semiconducting organic-inorganic nanocomposites for potential applications in thermoelectrics. By utilizing amphiphilic star-like PAA-b-PEDOT diblock copolymer as template, monodisperse PEDOT-functionalized lead telluride (PbTe) nanoparticles were crafted via the strong coordination interaction between PAA blocks of star-like PAA-b-PEDOT and the metal moieties of precursors (i.e., forming PEDOT-PbTe nanocomposites). As the inner PAA blocks are covalently connected to the outer PEDOT blocks, the PEDOT chains are intimately and permanently tethered on the PbTe nanoparticle surface, thereby affording a well-defined PEDOT/PbTe interface, which prevents the PbTe nanoparticles from aggregation, and more importantly promotes the long-term stability of PEDOT-PbTe nanocomposites. We envision that the template strategy is general and robust, and offers easy access to other conjugated polymer-inorganic semiconductor nanocomposites for use in a variety of applications.
Welke rol moet worden toegedacht aan de calciumantagonisten bij secundaire preventie na het myocardinfarct? (2006)

Na overleven van een acuut coronair syndroom (ACS), vooral van een myocardinfarct (MI) is secundaire preventie een bewezen nuttige maatregel, die daarom algemeen en op grote schaal wordt toegepast. In grote trekken is het de bedoeling om de kans van een re-infarct en/of ‘sudden death’ te voorkomen. Voor diverse typen farmaca is het nuttige effect op grond van interventiestudies duidelijk bewezen.
The Case of the Triangular Foreign Body (1978)

To the Editor.— At times foreign bodies present diagnostic dilemmas. The following is a case of an unusual but distinctly shaped foreign body in the esophagus. Report of a Case.— A 54-year-old nurse with a five-year history of ovarian cancer had been treated with radiotherapy and later with HEXACAF (a combination of methenamine, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil). She originally responded to HEXACAF, but because of progressive disease, her therapy was switched to cis -diamminedichloroplatinum II on an every three-week schedule. During her admission on July 6, 1977, she had a routine chest roentgenogram that demonstrated what appeared to be a foreign body in the midesophageal region (Fig 1). The object was radiodense, with a rather distinctive triangular shape. The patient denied any history of dysphagia or dyspnea and in the last 12 hours had swallowed only one tablet of Pepto-Bismol (subsalicylate bismuth, phenyl salicylate, and phenolsulfonate zinc), which she felt
Practice parameter: Evaluating a first nonfebrile seizure in children (2000)

Further studies are needed using large, well-characterized samples and standardized data collection instruments. Collection of data regarding appropriate timing of evaluations would be important.
Oat Fiber As a Carrier for Curcuminoids (2014)

The curcuminoid-carrying potential of oat fiber was examined as a potential route to overcome the low aqueous solubility of curcuminoids. Aqueous dispersions of oat fiber were mixed with curcuminoids solubilized in ethanol to obtain curcuminoids-oat fiber (1% w/w) dispersions in aqueous ethanol (2% v/v). Centrifugation of the curcuminoids-oat fiber dispersions resulted in a supernatant (95.3% w/w: 0.11% w/w protein, 0.17% w/w β-glucan) and precipitate (4.74% w/w: 0.18% w/w protein, 0.11% w/w β-glucan) with the curcuminoids being almost equally partitioned into both fractions. Curcuminoids solubility in the supernatant was markedly greater than that in aqueous ethanol and water. The curcuminoids were in the amorphous state in the precipitated fraction and were more stable to degradation than the curcuminoids in the supernatant. These studies show the potential of oat fiber as a carrier for curcuminoids into functional foods.
A New Quick-Drying, High-Water-Resistant Glossy Ink Jet Paper (1998)

Konica Photo IJ Paper QP is an example of how microporous glossy paper allows today's ink jet printing to challenge the image quality of silver halide prints. QP paper incorporates ICOS particles in tandem with a polyvinyl alcohol binder and boric acid hardener, resulting in high ink-absorption capacity for exceptionally quick drying and fine resolution. These technologies further ensure the fixing of ink dyes, maintain the high gloss of the paper, and provide image-receiving layers that are physically strong and highly water resistant.
Ischemic Brain Damage in Rats following Cardiac Arrest Using a Long-Term Recovery Model (1985)

A model is described in which transient complete cerebral ischemia is induced in rats by intracardiac injection of potassium chloride. The animals were intubated and mechanically ventilated with a nitrous oxide/oxygen (70:30) mixture. Cardiac arrest was achieved following a brief period of ventricular fibrillation. After 5-6 min, the circulation was restored by cardiopulmonary resuscitation and partial exchange transfusion. Local CBF (LCBF) during ischemia and cardiac resuscitation was studied by injection of [14C]iodoantipyrine into the right auricle at various periods during cardiac arrest, and was subsequently analyzed by autoradiography. No radioactive tracer could be visualized in any brain structure, demonstrating the absence of CBF during the cardiac standstill. LCBF was also studied at 5 min and 6.5 h after cardiac resuscitation. Five minutes of recirculation showed an increase in blood flow in all brain structures studied, ranging between 130 and 400% of control values. After 6.5 h of recirculation, the CBF was decreased in 13 of 24 brain structures by 20-50%, concomitantly with the depressed rate of glucose utilization found in 15 brain structures. The neocortical, hippocampal, and striatal concentrations of labile phosphates, lactate, pyruvate, phosphocreatine, glucose, and glycogen were measured 5 min after cardiac arrest. Extensive energy failure and elevation of lactate levels were observed and were similar to earlier reported values. One week following recovery from the ischemic insult, the animals were perfusion-fixed with formaldehyde. The brains were embedded in paraffin, subserially sectioned, and stained with cresyl violet/acid fuchsin. Histopathological changes were assessed by light microscopy as the number of acidophilic or pyknotic neurons. Morphological changes were observed in the hilus of the dentate gyrus, the hippocampal CA1 and subicular regions, the dorsal and lateral septum, the olfactory tubercle, the primary olfactory cortex, the entorhinal cortex, the amygdaloid nuclei, and the reticular nucleus of the thalamus. The distribution of the morphological changes suggests a transsynaptic mechanism, causing neuronal necrosis primarily in the limbic brain areas.
Contribution of immunomodulators to gastroesophageal reflux disease and its complications: stromal cells, interleukin 4, and adiponectin (2016)

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has become the most commonly seen gastrointestinal disorder in outpatient clinics. In the United States, around 20% of the general population experience heartburn on a weekly basis. Although clinical complaints can be mild or moderate, patients with GERD may develop further complications, such as peptic strictures, Barrett's esophagus (BE), and even esophageal adenocarcinoma. Pathologically, GERD is developed as a result of chronic and enhanced exposure of the esophageal epithelium to noxious gastric refluxate. In this review article, we provide an overview of GERD and then focus on the roles of stromal cells, interleukin 4, and adiponectin in GERD and BE. The importance of inflammation and immunomodulators in GERD pathogenesis is highlighted. Targeting the immunomodulators or inflammation in general may improve the therapeutic outcome of GERD, in particular, in those refractory to proton pump inhibitors.
Cancer screening practices of adult survivors of retinoblastoma at risk of second cancers (2008)

To the authors' knowledge, the current study provides the first report of cancer screening practices of retinoblastoma survivors. Survivors of hereditary retinoblastoma should be encouraged to maintain, if not increase, their current screening practices to ensure early detection of second cancers in this high-risk population.
Direct geophysical evidence for displacement along Nares Strait Canada - Greenland] from low-level aeromagnetic data: a progress report (1985)

A Iow level aeromagnetic reconnaissance of Nares Strait shows a sinistraI offset of approximately 2.5 km in a band of .500-qamma anomalies extending from Fache Peninsula on Ellesmere Island to the southern side of the Humboldt Glacier on Greenland. A line of isolated 200 gamma anomalies extends north from Judge Daly Promontory along Robeson Channel to the Arctic Ocean. These anomalies, which appear to be due to a swarm of closely spaced dykes, line up with the prominent fault zone on Judge Daly Promontory, which has been mapped with a 19 km sinistraI displacement. Volcanic fragments with an olivine-basaltic composition have been found in Tertiary rocks along the fault zone and the aeromagnetic evidence also suggests that the dyke system extends across Judge Daly Promontory. Thus it is concluded that at least 19 km of sinistral strike-slip displacement has occurred along the Strait itself, supporting Weqener's 1912 hypothesis.
Phytochrome Control of Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Accumulation in <italic>Sorghum bicolor</italic> (1981)

Etiolated Sorghum bicolor seedlings manifested a significant morphological response to short term irradiations by red and far-red light and to a continuous far-red light. Accumulation of chlorophylls in white light and carotenoids in darkness is under red/far-red reversible control as well as along with the effectiveness of ‘High Irradiance Reaction’. Phytochrome is also found to eliminate the lag phase during the accumulation of chlorophylls and carotenoids in white light.
Novel chiral ionic liquids: physicochemical properties and investigation of the internal rotameric behaviour in the neat system (2013)

Optically active S-alkyl-N,N'-bis((S)-1-phenylethyl)thiouronium salts, abbreviated as (S)-[C(n)petu]Y (where Y is an anion; n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 or 16), have been prepared and studied by a broad spectrum of analyses. This consists of density, viscosity, and conductivity determination, followed by a discussion of relevant correlations. Unusual trends depending on the S-alkyl chain length were documented for (S)-[C(n)petu][NTf2] series (where [NTf2](-) = bis{(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl}amide), including the viscosity decreasing with increasing chain length, and the conductivity showing a maximum between the S-butyl and the S-hexyl derivative. In addition, a hindered rotamerism of the thiouronium cation in dmso-d6 solution was recognised by (1)H and (13)C NMR techniques. Thorough analysis of NMR spectra confirmed that the main contribution comes from rotation about the partial double C-S bond. For the first time, a neat thiouronium ionic liquid system has been subjected to quantitative analysis of hindered rotamerism by dynamic NMR coalescence studies, with estimated activation energy for rotation of 63.9 ± 0.4 kJ mol(-1). Finally, the application of (S)-[C(n)petu]Y salts as chiral discriminating agents for carboxylates by (1)H NMR spectroscopy was further investigated, demonstrating the influence of the S-alkyl chain length on chiral recognition; (S)-[C2petu][NTf2] ionic liquid with the mandelate anion gave the best results.
A Phase II Study to Assess the Safety, Efficacy and Tolerability of Rituximab (Mabthera) In Combination with Plasma Exchange In Patients with Acute Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP). (2010)

Abstract Abstract 3699 Idiopathic adult TTP is an acute life threatening disorder, in which antibodies, primarily IgG, are detected against ADAMTS 13. We undertook a a phase II trial in 40 patients between 2006-09 of Rituximab, 375mg/m2, weekly for 4 weeks, within 3 days of admission of acute TTP, in conjunction with standard therapy (PEX and steroids). Results have been compared to 40 historical controls (2000-2006), who had not received Rituximab, but had received other immunosuppressive treatments. The female to male ratio was 2:1, age 42 years (21-76), compared to 42 years (15-78) in the historical group. A third of trial patients required ITU admission and 15% were intubated and ventilated at presentation. One patient was withdrawn from the trial. Pre the 2nd Rituximab infusion, 68% had a platelet count >50 ×109/L and 38% >150 ×109/L. Six cases received more than 4 Rituximab infusions (maximum of 8), primarily non-Caucasian, guided by ADAMTS 13 assays. There was a significant reduction in days admitted in hospital in the Rituximab group (median 16.5 days) compared to historic controls (median 20 days) (p=0.04, Spearman correlation), specifically in Caucasian patients (12.5 V's 16 days-Rituximab V's Historical groups) (p=0.0005 Pearson Correlation). There was no overall significant difference in the number of PEX to remission. ADAMTS 13 activity on admission was median <5% (NR 55–126%). Median Anti ADAMTS 13 IgG was 40% (6-162%, NR:<4.2). Following 4 Rituximab infusions, median ADAMTS 13 activity was 43% (7-67%), median Anti-ADAMTS13 IgG was 12% (2-74%). In the historical group, 48% relapsed, median 18 months (3-60 months). In the Rituximab group, follow up 16–40 months, 10% relapsed, median 27 months (17-31). There were no excess infections in the Rituximab group. There were three deaths in the Rituximab cohort at days 11,15 and 25, due to progressive cardiac/neurological disease. In conclusion, Rituximab appears to be a safe and effective therapy given during acute TTP in conjunction with PEX and steroids. No significant difference was seen in the number of PEX to remission, compared to historical controls. However, there was a significant reduction in the number of days in hospital in the Rituximab group. The risk of relapse up to 40 months is significantly reduced in the Rituximab cohort. In patients with acute TTP, Rituximab should be considered in conjunction with standard therapy. Disclosures: Scully: MRC, BHF: Research Funding. Off Label Use: Rituximab, in TTP. McDonald:Baxter (uk): Research Funding. Machin:Baxter (UK), Bayer (UK), MRC, BHF: Research Funding.
Seven‐Coordination Chemistry (1977)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Seven-coordinate Geometries Structures of Seven-coordinate Compounds Survey of Seven-coordinate Complexes Other Aspects of Seven-coordination