gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Dean equations extended to a helical pipe flow (1989)

In this paper the Dean (1928) equations are extended to the case of a helical pipe flow, and it is shown that they depend not only on the Dean number K but also on a new parameter λ/[Rscr ] where λ is the ratio of the torsion τ to the curvature κ of the pipe axis and [Rscr ] the Reynolds number referred in the usual way to the pipe radius a and to the equivalent maximum speed in a straight pipe under the same axial pressure gradient. The fact that the torsion has no first-order effect on the flow is confirmed, but it is shown that this is peculiar to a circular cross-section. In the case of an elliptical cross-section there is a first-order effect of the torsion on the secondary flow, and in the limit λ/[Rscr ] → ∞ (twisted pipes, provided only with torsion), the first-order ‘displacement’ effect of the walls on the secondary flow, analysed in detail by Choi (1988), is recovered. Different systems of coordinates and different orders of approximations have recently been adopted in the study of the flow in a helical pipe. Thus comparisons between the equations and the results presented in different reports are in some cases difficult and uneasy. In this paper the extended Dean equations for a helical pipe flow recently derived by Kao (1987) are converted to a simpler form by introducing an appropriate modified stream function, and their equivalence with the present set of equations is recovered. Finally, the first-order equivalence of this set of equations with the equations obtained by Murata et al. (1981) is discussed.
Absorption spectra of corneas in the far ultraviolet region. (1997)

A "window of ablation" in the far UV region between 220 and 190 nm has been identified in which short laser pulses of similar durations and different wavelengths may be interchangeable to ablate the corneal surface with similar characteristics.
[Endocrine and ultrasound examination of hirsutism]. (1991)

One hundred and fourteen nontumorous hirsute women were investigated. The degree of hirsutism, the menstrual abnormalities and the level of 17-ketosteroids, of DHEA, of 17-OH-corticoids in urine and RIA of total and free testosterone and of sex binding globulins (SHBG) in blood were performed. On the basis of endocrinological and ultrasonographic determinations 3 patients were diagnosed as congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 35 patients as late onset adrenal hyperplasia and 57 women as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO). The maximal mean level (X + SD) of total and free testosterone above 0.5 ng/ml relatively above 5.05 pg/ml were performed in 94.3% relatively 97.1% in late onset adrenal hyperplasia and in 78.9% relatively 87.7% in PCO. The diagnosis of PCO is possible among 75% of all hirsute patients after exclusion the patients with late onset adrenal hyperplasia. The PCO is confirmed by hormonal or/and ultrasonographic examination. The diagnosis of late onset adrenal hyperplasia is allowable only by hormonal investigation.
Computing conformal structures of surfaces (2002)

This paper solves the problem of computing conformal structures of general 2manifolds represented as triangular meshes. We approximate the De Rham cohomology by simplicial cohomology and represent the Laplace-Beltrami operator, the Hodge star operator by linear systems. A basis of holomorphic one-forms is constructed explicitly. We then obtain a period matrix by integrating holomorphic differentials along a homology basis. We also study the global conformal mappings between genus zero surfaces and spheres, and between general surfaces and planes. Our method of computing conformal structures can be applied to tackle fundamental problems in computer aid geometry design and computer graphics, such as geometry classification and identification, and surface global parametrization.
Stretch-activated cation channels in skeletal muscle myotubes from sarcoglycan-deficient hamsters (2001)

Deficiency of delta-sarcoglycan (delta-SG), a component of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex, causes cardiomyopathy and skeletal muscle dystrophy in Bio14.6 hamsters. Using cultured myotubes prepared from skeletal muscle of normal and Bio14.6 hamsters (J2N-k strain), we investigated the possibility that the delta-SG deficiency may lead to alterations in ionic conductances, which may ultimately lead to myocyte damage. In cell-attached patches (with Ba(2+) as the charge carrier), an approximately 20-pS channel was observed in both control and Bio14.6 myotubes. This channel is also permeable to K(+) and Na(+) but not to Cl(-). Channel activity was increased by pressure-induced stretch and was reduced by GdCl(3) (>5 microM). The basal open probability of this channel was fourfold higher in Bio14.6 myotubes, with longer open and shorter closed times. This was mimicked by depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton. In intact Bio14.6 myotubes, the unidirectional basal Ca(2+) influx was enhanced compared with control. This Ca(2+) influx was sensitive to GdCl(3), signifying that stretch-activated cation channels may have been responsible for Ca(2+) influx in Bio14.6 hamster myotubes. These results suggest a possible mechanism by which cell damage might occur in this animal model of muscular dystrophy.
FrnE, a Cadmium-Inducible Protein in Deinococcus radiodurans, Is Characterized as a Disulfide Isomerase Chaperone <i>In Vitro</i> and for Its Role in Oxidative Stress Tolerance <i>In Vivo</i> (2013)

Deinococcus radiodurans R1 exposed to a lethal dose of cadmium shows differential expression of a large number of genes, including frnE (drfrnE) and some of those involved in DNA repair and oxidative stress tolerance. The drfrnE::nptII mutant of D. radiodurans showed growth similar to that of the wild type, but its tolerance to 10 mM cadmium and 10 mM diamide decreased by ~15- and ~3-fold, respectively. These cells also showed nearly 6 times less resistance to gamma radiation at 12 kGy and ~2-fold-higher sensitivity to 40 mM hydrogen peroxide than the wild type. In trans expression of drFrnE increased cytotoxicity of dithiothreitol (DTT) in the dsbA mutant of Escherichia coli. Recombinant drFrnE showed disulfide isomerase activity and could maintain insulin in its reduced form in the presence of DTT. While an equimolar ratio of wild-type protein could protect malate dehydrogenase completely from thermal denaturation at 42 °C, the C22S mutant of drFrnE provided reduced protection to malate dehydrogenase from thermal inactivation. These results suggested that drFrnE is a protein disulfide isomerase in vitro and has a role in oxidative stress tolerance of D. radiodurans possibly by protecting the damaged cellular proteins from inactivation.
Vascular Gene Transfer of SDF-1 Promotes Endothelial Progenitor Cell Engraftment and Enhances Angiogenesis in Ischemic Muscle (2011)

Gene therapy approaches to enhance endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) homing may augment cell engraftment to ischemic tissue and lead to a greater therapeutic response. Therefore, we assessed the effects of ultrasound-mediated (UM) transfection of the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) on homing and engraftment of intravenously administered EPCs and the subsequent angiogenic response in chronically ischemic skeletal muscle. Bone marrow-derived EPCs were isolated from donor Fisher 344 rats, cultured and labeled in preparation for injection into recipient animals via a jugular vein. Using a model of chronic hindlimb ischemia in rats, we demonstrated that UM destruction of intravenous carrier microbubbles loaded with SDF-1 plasmid DNA resulted in targeted transfection of the vascular endothelium within ischemic muscle and greater local engraftment of EPCs. The combination of SDF-1gene therapy and EPCs lead to the greatest increase in tissue perfusion and microvascular density within ischemic muscle, compared to no treatment or either monotherapy alone. Our results demonstrate that UM transfection of SDF-1 improves EPC targeting to chronically ischemic tissue, enhancing vascular engraftment and leading to a more robust neovascularization response.
Non-destructive ultrasonic detection of thermoplastic deformation in silicon wafers (1986)

An easy and non-destructive method is described to detect regions of plastic deformation in silicon wafers, as they are produced by excessive thermoelastic stresses during heating or cooling. A high-frequency ultrasonic beam is focused within the silicon wafer, and the attenuation is measured in transmission. The dislocations that are connected with thermoplastic deformation (slip) cause an additional attenuation, which is a direct measure for the dislocation density. The silicon wafer to be investigated is scanned automatically along two directions through the acoustic focus, while the attenuation is recorded. Applications to other objects are also described.
Building high-frequency high-voltage switching converters for renewable energy systems (2014)

This paper presents various circuit techniques and design considerations for high-voltage integrated switching converters to enable their high-frequency operation, thereby minimizing the converter cost, weight and volume. First, the design considerations of realizing a low-power and high-speed synchronous gate driver for power FETs are explained in order to allow the power converter operating in the MHz range with negligible power efficiency degradation. The high-speed high-accuracy high-voltage sense-FET based current sensor to monitor the peak inductor current is also discussed. To demonstrate above circuit techniques, a 40-V 9.6-W buck converter is implemented in a high-voltage 0.35-μm CMOS process with dual on-chip power nFETs. The proposed converter can operate at 2 MHz. The peak power efficiency of the proposed converter is 93%, while the converter can still provide >90% efficiency under the full-load of 9.6 W at 2 MHz.
Ajustable Autonomy Delegation and Distribution of Decision Making. (1999)

In this paper we will illustrate the possible uses of norms in multi-agent decision making. Norms as obligations serve to generate action repertoires and norms as constraints on behavior enable pronouncers to filter out subrational decisions. These are combined with adjustable autonomy to produce highly adaptive agents. The theoretical framework is tested in simulations of norm-spreading and norm-internalization and also robotic soccer.
A Recipe for Cellulose (1998)

Cellulose, polymers of glucose organized into long fibrils, forms the bulk of the world's biomass. But the identity of the enzyme that makes this critical substance has been uncertain. In this week's issue, [ Arioli et al .][1] report the first confirmation that the gene CelA is indeed a cellulose synthase, and Carpita and Vergara, in their research commentary, explain why this result has been so long in coming and what we now know about how cellulose is made.

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/279/5351/717
The Effect of Photoacclimation on Photosynthetic Energy Storage Efficiency, Determined by Photoacoustics (2011)

Photosynthesis rates in phytoplankton depend on light intensity and its spectral composition, however their relation changes with photoacclimation. During the photoacclimation process algal cells optimize their har-vesting and utilization of available light through series of related physical, biophysical, biochemical and physiological changes. These changes result in the ability of phytoplankton to survive under dim light when transported to the depth of the water column and avoid photodynamic damage when exposed to the intense radiation at the surface. Any reduction in the efficiency of light utilization results in decreased rates of pho-tosynthesis rate and slow growth. We present here the study of changes in photosynthetic energy storage efficiency of three phytoplankton species upon photoacclimation to low and high light, as measured by photo-acoustics. Our results illustrate the power of photoacoustics as a tool in aquatic ecology and in the physiological research of phytoplankton.
Presence of Cells of Fetal Origin in Maternal Circulation of Pregnant Women (1994)

Fetal cells can be identified by using the polymerase chain reaction to test for the presence of human Y-chromosome-specific ZFY and SRY gene DNA sequences in maternal peripheral blood of women who bear a male fetus. Thirty-one pregnant women were studied in the first trimester to determine when fetal cells become detectable in the maternal circulation. Among the 19 women whose peripheral blood samples were positive for Y-chromosome-specific DNA sequences, the presence of fetal cells was quite case-variable from the 6th to 12th gestational weeks. Twenty-eight women who had given birth to their first male babies were studied postpartum to determine when fetal cells disappear from the maternal circulation. Fetal cells can still be detected in maternal blood 10 months postpartum in some cases. These results suggest that identification of fetal cells in the maternal circulation is possible. Nevertheless, interpretation of fetal cells in maternal circulation should be handled very carefully with respect to when these fetal cells first became detectable and potential interference from previous pregnancies.
Ultrastructure of Kidney Preservation: Varying the Amount of an Effective Osmotic Agent in Isotonic and Hypertonic Preservation Solutions (1983)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Sep 1983Ultrastructure of Kidney Preservation: Varying the Amount of an Effective Osmotic Agent in Isotonic and Hypertonic Preservation Solutions A.K. Coffey, and P.M. Andrews A.K. CoffeyA.K. Coffey More articles by this author , and P.M. AndrewsP.M. Andrews More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)51362-2AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Ultrastructure of Kidney Preservation: Varying the Amount of an Effective Osmotic Agent in Isotonic and Hypertonic Preservation Solutions." The Journal of Urology, 130(3), p. 627 © 1983 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 130Issue 3September 1983Page: 627 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1983 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information A.K. Coffey More articles by this author P.M. Andrews More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
Ammonia in Poultry Houses: A Literature Review (1984)

SummaryWith changes in management practices the incidence of exposure of poultry to air pollutants is increasing. Ammonia, produced by breakdown of faecal material, can adversely affect bird performance and profit. Ammonia levels are particularly important during winter in cooler climates where ventilation may be reduced to conserve heat.Typical symptoms of ammonia stress include irritation to the eyes which, in severe cases may develop into keratoconjunctivitis, and the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. Exposure to ammonia may also predispose affected birds to respiratory disease by lowering the resistance to infection. Feed intake and therefore live weight gain are reduced, as well as the keeping quality of eggs produced in ammoniated atmospheres. Other effects include increased incidence of breast blisters, delay in reaching sexual maturity and changes to the spleen, liver, kidneys and suprarenal glands.Ammonia is formed by the microbial breakdown of uric acid in the poultry manure, and a variety of moulds and bacteria have been identified which cause these reactions.A number of chemical methods have been used to control ammonia production including the addition of paraformaldehyde, zeolites, superphosphate, phosphoric acid, yucca saponin, and antibiotics either to the manure or in the feed. However, these only provide a measure of control once the ammonia concentration has increased and should not be used as an alternative to good litter management and provision of adequate ventilation.
Energy Recovery from Potato Chip Fryers (1980)

The design, operating characteristics, and energy savings from an energy recovery system employed on a potato chip fryer which became operational in December, 1979, is discussed. The design incorporates a modification to an odor control system which permits heat recovery from the fryer cooking fumes. The fumes consist primarily of water vapor (11 psia) and air (3.7 psia) at a temperature of 275 F. About 10% of the available energy is dissipated in a scrubber which removes particulate material and reduces the mixture temperature to about 195 F. This flow is passed through a water-cooled condenser. The heat absorbed in the water-cooled condenser coils is in excess of 11.5MM BTU/hr. for a 4200 lb/hr potato chip fryer. A majority of this heat is transferred to the building water-glycol heating system. Back-up heating during periods of non-operation, or as supplemental heat on extremely cold days, is provided by a conventional steam-water heat exchanger. \n\nThis reclaimed energy is estimated to save 76,000 gallons of No.6 fuel oil annually by using the heat recovery system rather than conventional steam heat. At current prices, this represents more than $36,000 per year compared to an installed cost of $81,000 for the modified system.
State of Co/sup 2 +/ ions in Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/-B/sub 2/O/sub 3/-CoO catalysts, as determined by electronic spectroscopy (1986)

Diffuse reflection electronic spectroscopy has been used in studying spectral conversions of centers with Co/sup 2 +/ and Co/sup 3 +/ in Al/sup 2/O/sub 3/-B/sub 2/O/sub 3/-CoO catalysts in the temperature interval 100-900/sup 0/C, with a variation of the CoO content from 1% by 30% by weight. It has been shown that the low-cobalt samples, depending on the calcination temperature, the ions that are formed in the surface layer consist of highspin and low-spin ions Co/sup 3 +/ /SUB OH/ , Co/sup 2 +/ /SUB TD/ , and Co/sup 2 +/ /SUB OH/ in an environment of boron-oxygen and aluminum-oxygen fragments. With CoO contents of 8-30% by weight, in addition to those centers, many oxide aggregates Co/sub 2/O /SUB 3+x/ are formed. At a temperature of 900/sup 0/C, breakdown of the surface layer of cobalt aluminoborates is observed, with insertion of cobalt ions into the volume of the lattice of the support. Under these same conditions, surface aggregates of Co/sub 2/O/sub 3/ interact vigorously with Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, forming CoAl/sub 2/O/sub 4/.
Cinema e história no fim da belle-époque belemense (1911-1913): contribuição ao cinema paraense do cineasta Ramon de Baños (2011)

This paper is part of the research currently underway on the pioneersof silent film in the state of Para, especially on the life histories and filmproduction of catalan Ramon de Banos (1890-1980), who lived in Belem between1911 and 1913. In the context of social, cultural, economic and political changesthat occurred in Para since late 19th century until the end of the “Belle Epoquebelemense”, it has been analyzed primarily the pioneers of cinema in Belem, thefilm boom of the early second decade of the XXth century, political disputes inPara, Ramon de Banos’ films production, and the growing cultural influence offilms and documentaries shown in the motion-picture theaters in the capital.
Electrochemical Pretreatment of Polycrystalline Gold Electrodes To Produce a Reproducible Surface Roughness for Self-Assembly:  A Study in Phosphate Buffer pH 7.4 (2000)

It has been emphasized in several studies that the state of the surface, including the surface roughness, is very important for the reproducible formation of high-quality self-assembled monolayers on gold. The pulsed-potential pretreatment procedure described in this paper can, in a reproducible way, reduce the surface roughness of mechanically polished polycrystalline gold electrodes by a factor 2. The developed procedure, in which the gold is alternately oxidized and reduced, has been optimized for use in a flow system (100 mM phosphate buffer pH 7.4). The influence of the pretreatment procedure on the surface roughness of the electrodes has been studied by in-situ oxygen adsorption measurements using cyclic voltammetry. The most effective pulse regime in producing a gold surface with a reproducible and relatively low surface roughness is a triple-potential pulse waveform, with potentials of +1.6, 0.0, and -0.8 Vvs SCE and pulse widths of 100 ms for each potential. Prolonged pulsing for 2000-5000 s with the gold working electrode in a flow-through cell showed an electropolishing effect, i.e., a decrease of the roughness in time. Flow conditions are very important: the roughness decreased faster at higher flow rates, while an increase was observed without flow. A process of reconstruction and dissolution of gold during application of the potential pulses under flow conditions is assumed to account for the observed phenomena. A self-assembled monolayer of thioctic acid with reproducible characteristics, determined with impedance measurements, could be formed on a pretreated gold surface.
The Cell (1993)

Ad Libitum15 September 1993The CellAlice Jones, MDAlice Jones, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-6-199309150-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Like every reception, there's foodand dancing and bumpinginto all those quirkyrelatives: blood, Great-aunt Henriettedeclares, is thicker thananything. Familyis in the genes, she says, as if shejust discovered the cell,the body's time capsule,recording history for the clumsy, nakedbipeds who hover atthe edge of fire,evolving into creatures who learnthe cell's workings:how it sucks upwater from the surrounding matrixthrough sticky-lippedpores; how each tinyapparatus for food or sex floatsin this one drop of opaquesalinethe primal jelly;how it composes proteins frominborn templates forgenerations of identical daughters;pull ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 September 1993Volume 119, Issue 6Page: 533KeywordsBirthBlood cellsChromosomesFoodProteins ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 September 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Use of Patient-Controlled Analgesia for Management of Acute Pain (1988)

Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) provides improved titration of analgesic drugs, thereby minimizing individual pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences. Patient-controlled analgesia decreases patient anxiety resulting from delays in receiving pain-relieving medication and from the slow onset of analgesic action when these drugs are administered either intramuscularly or in the extradural space. With PCA therapy, patients are reportedly able to maintain a near optimal state of analgesia with minimal sedation and few side effects. The potential for overdose can be minimized if small bolus doses are used with a mandatory lockout interval between successive doses. Finally, studies of the cost-effectiveness of PCA therapy are important if this therapeutic approach is to achieve more widespread acceptance.