gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CLASSIFICATION OF AMYLOIDOSIS (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Brownstein and Helwig<sup>1</sup>do not agree with those who think that the classification of amyloidosis is dated. Those with a contrary opinion would point to the sameness of amyloid material on ultramicroscopic investigation regardless of its site and its clinical classification. In addition such datum as the finding of renal amyloidosis as frequently in what has been labeled primary amyloidosis as it is in what has been labeled secondary amyloidosis<sup>2</sup>supports this viewpoint. With this in mind we think that statements to the effect that "systemic amyloidosis" does not occur in patients with lichen amyloidosus should be modified. Cardiac amyloidosis has been found in a high percentage of elderly people who do not have the disease called amyloidosis. One would expect that some elderly people who have or have had lichen amyloidosus will show cardiac amyloid if the pertinent staining techniques are done at autopsy.
Structure and biosynthesis of rabbit lens capsule collagen. (1982)

The present study was designed to compare collagen synthesized by rabbit lens epithelial cells in culture with rabbit lens capsule collagen. Confluent monolayers of rabbit lens epithelial cells were established. Incorporation of [3H]-proline into glycoproteins secreted into the medium and cell surface components were analyzed in the presence of protease inhibitors. Gel filtration chromatography on sodium dodecyl sulfate--agarose (Bio-gel A-5m) of [3H]-labeled newly synthesized proteins by lens epithelial cells in culture resolved into a single precursor of approximate molecular weight of 160,000 daltons. Neither the medium nor the cell layer showed any evidence of low-molecular weight hydroxyproline-containing material. Limited pepsin digestion of this material cleaved the higher molecular weight chains into smaller components ranging from 25,000 to 110,000 daltons. Pepsin digestion and direct extraction of the collagenous components of the rabbit lens capsule revealed materials of high--molecular weight proteins similar to that synthesized in culture. Low--molecular weight (55,000 daltons) protein was only detected in lens capsules after prolonged pepsin digestion. S-Carboxylation of the lens capsules collagens did not affect their mobilities, but repepsinization gave rise to 110,000 dalton protein, although no significant changes in the amino acid composition were noticed. The absence of synthesis of low--molecular weight protein by cell culture and the presence of low--molecular weight components only after prolonged pepsin digestion of lens capsule could be the result of unusual susceptibility of the basement membrane collagens to pepsin attack.
A proof of concept study establishing <i>Necator americanus</i> in Crohn’s patients and reservoir donors (2005)

appropriate DNA change has been identified.
A comparison of three switching schemes in isotropic networks with noisy channels (1993)

Previous work on analyzing three switching schemes for isotropic networks, namely single hop and two cut-through communication schemes (with and without error checking by intermediate nodes), is extended. Each scheme is modeled by a discrete Markov chain. It is shown how the performance of the communication schemes depends on path length (n), load on the network ( lambda ), and the error rate (p). As expected, the cut-through schemes perform much better than the single hop when the communication load is light, but as the load increases, the cut-through schemes deteriorate more rapidly, until they are comparable. In fact, when the load approaches saturation ( lambda is close to 1-p), the cut-through schemes are actually worse than the single-hop schemes. The schemes with checking always outperform those without, but each node must perform more work in checking the correctness of the packets passing through. The time delay becomes infinite when the throughput approaches 1-p. The solutions are expressed as simple formulas and/or algorithms for each scheme.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Differential gene expression in human mammary carcinoma cells: identification of a new member of a receptor family. (1997)

Differential gene expression in mammary carcinoma cell lines MCF-7 and MCF-7ADR was investigated by Differential Display Technique. These two cell lines represent a model system for progression of mammary carcinoma: MCF-7 is estradiol-dependent for growth, estrogen-receptor positive, tamoxifen responsive, vimentin negative, Adriamycin sensitive and not invasive in vitro or in vivo while MCF-7ADR is estradiol-independent for growth, estrogen-receptor negative, tamoxifen resistant, vimentin positive, Adriamycin resistant and invasive in vitro and in vivo. Here we describe the identification of a new receptor expressed exclusively in MCF-7ADR. The receptor covers 157 amino acids with a predicted topology of four transmembrane and two extracellular domains. Additional members of the gene family are: peripheral membrane protein PMP22, epithelial membrane protein EMP-1 and squamous cell differentiation marker CL-20.
Inflammasome and Inflammatory Response (2010)

Inflammasome is a multiprotein complex and oligomeric platform that dimerizes and thereby activates cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease(caspase)-1.Caspase-1,also known as the interleukin(IL)-1β-converting enzyme(ICE),is the prototypical member of the inflammatory caspases and involved in regulating maturation of IL-1β,IL-18,and IL-33,key cytokines for the recruitment and engagement of inflammatory cells.Nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptors(NLRs),which detect intracellular pathogens or other 'alarms',promote the assembly of inflammasome.Some evolutionary aspects and biochemical studies were reviewed,underlining the role of inflammasomes in infection as well as inflammatory diseases.
Coupling of CO_2 laser energy into ionized blowoff material (1978)

The fraction of incident laser energy coupled into laser-produced ions has been measured for CO2-TEA laser pulses incident on aluminum surfaces in vacuum. The fraction increases with increasing laser power density, reaching a value of 0.06 at 1.85 X 10(8) W/cm2 .
Study of human sperm chromosome by culturing hamster ova with hamster serum (1996)

This study report a method for preparating human sperm chromosome with hamster serum for postinsemination culture of the zona-free hamster ova. The rate of analyzable karyotype was markedly increased. Comparison hamster serum with fetal bovine serum. The average rate to reach the first-cleavage was 102.45% in the inseminated oocytes versus 58.28%. The rate of observable karyotyping in two sera were 76.15% versus 31.51%(P<0.001)。Spontaneous incidence of sperm chromosome aberrations was analyzed in a total of 498 spermatozoa obtained from six donors. Incidence of aneuploidy and structural abnormality were 0.8%(hypohaploidy)and 2.81%, respectively. This result suggest that the hamster serum may be more suitable to the further maturity of hamster ova in vitro and contribute to the growth and development of male pronuclear chromosome.
Lipid Modifications of Trimeric G Proteins (1995)

G protein alpha subunits and beta gamma dimers are covalently modified by lipids. The emerging picture is one in which attached lipids provide more than just a nonspecific "glue" for sticking G proteins to membranes. We are only beginning to understand how different lipid modifications of different G protein subunits affect specific protein-protein interactions and localization to specific cellular sites. In addition, regulation of these modifications, particularly palmitoylation, can provide new ways to regulate signals transmitted by G proteins.
Preparation and properties of <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> antifimbrial antibody (1985)

The presence of fimbriae on the Vibrio cholerae strains used was assessed by pellicle formation, haemagglutination activity and electron microscopy. Fimbrial suspensions were prepared by shearing them off the organisms, then separating them from other components by absorbing them on to rabbit red blood cells. Rabbits were then immunized with the fimbrial-red cell suspensions and the antibodies evoked were titrated by haemagglutination inhibition, agglutination, vibriocidal and immobilization techniques.
Large scale feature selection using modified random mutation hill climbing (2004)

Feature selection is a critical component of many pattern recognition applications. There are two distinct mechanisms for feature selection, namely the wrapper methods and the filter methods. The filter methods are generally considered inferior to the wrapper method, however wrapper methods are computationally more demanding than filter methods. One of the popular methods for wrapper-based feature selection is random mutation hill climbing. It performs a random search over the feature space to derive the optimal set of features. We would describe two enhancements to this algorithm, one that would improve its convergence time, and the other that would allow us to bias the results towards either higher accuracy or lower final feature space dimensionality. We would apply the algorithm to a real-world massive-scale feature selection problem involving the image classification problem associated with suppressing automobile airbags for children. We would provide classification results on an image database of nearly 4,000 images that indicate the advantages of the proposed method.
Substituted 4-(3-Cyanopyridin-2-ylthio)acetoacetates: New Convenient Reagents for the Synthesis of Heterocycles (2006)

Polyfunctional 4-(3-cyanopyridin-2-ylthio)acetoacetates were used in the synthesis of 4-hydroxy-1H-thieno[2,3-b:4,5-b]dipyridin-2-ones. The latter were used in reactions with arylidene­malononitriles or in three-component reactions with aldehydes and malononitrile to give 2-amino-4-aryl-3-cyano-5-oxo-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrido[3′,2′:4,5]thieno[3,2-b]pyridines. Utilizing 4-(3-cyanopyridin-2-ylthio)acetoacetates and arylidenemalononitriles or aldehydes and malononitrile, we developed a method for the synthesis of substituted 3-alkoxycarbonyl-6-amino-4-aryl-2-(3-cyanopyridin-2-ylthiomethyl)-4H-pyrans. Reactions of substituted 4-(3-cyanopyridin-2-ylthio)acetoacetates with hydrazine hydrate yielded substituted 3-hydroxypyrazoles, which were further used for the preparation of 6-amino-4-aryl-5-cyano-3-(pyrid-2-ylthio­methylene)-2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles. Analogously, ethyl 4-(3-cyano-1,4-dihydropyridin-2-ylthio)acetoacetates were used for the synthesis of substituted 2-amino-4H-pyrans.
Preparation of TiB<sub>2</sub>/C Composites in a CVI Reactor (2007)

Titanium diboride (TiB2) appears to be an attractive candidate for a high-temperature fiber reinforced composites. Chemical Vapor Infiltration (CVI) has been carried out for the preparation of TiB2/C composites. Titanium diboride has been deposited from the gas mixtures of TiCl4, BCl3, and H2 in the furnace at the reaction temperatures between 850 to 950 °C and about 20 torr. Effects of infiltration parameters such as temperature, reaction time, and concentrations of BCl3 and H2 have been studied. Analyses with SEM, TGA and XPS were carried out. The amount of deposition in the preform increased with the increases of the reaction time, temperature and the flow rate of BCl3. The activation energy of the whole deposition reaction could be estimated from the Arrhenius plot.
Film Cooling Performance Improvement With Optimized Hole Arrangements on Pressure Side Surface of Nozzle Guide Vane: Part II — Experimental Validation (2016)

In the present study, the optimized configurations of film cooled turbine guide vanes proposed in Part I were validated experimentally and the effect of coolant mass flow rate on the performance was examined for those optimized configurations. A set of tests were conducted using an annular sector transonic turbine cascade test facility in Korea Aerospace Research Institute. The mainstream and the secondary air for cooling are supplied by 500 hp and 50 hp compressors, respectively, and the mainstream was heated approximately 20°C above the secondary flow by 300kW heater. To measure the film cooling effectiveness on the pressure side surface, the transient measurement method was used using a FLIR infrared camera system. The test section has five nozzle guide vanes with four passages. The three times scaled-up vane model is manufactured by a stereolithography method. The tests were conducted at mainstream exit Reynolds number based on the chord of 2.2×106 and the coolant mass flow rate ranging from 5 to 13% of the mainstream. The flow periodicity in the cascade passage was verified by surface static pressure measurements. The results showed that the optimized cases present better cooling effectiveness values in the overall region. The effect of coolant mass flow rate also presents the same trend. Comparison with the CFD results shows that the CFD results over-predict film cooling effectiveness by 10∼20 percentage points for baseline and 17∼23 percentage points for the optimized cases. This is probably partly due to the discrepancy of operating conditions such as inlet boundary condition and density ratio and partly due to the limitation of numerical method used in the optimization such as coarse grid near the surface. However, a quite good agreement is obtained qualitatively, which means the optimization process can be utilized as a reliable and efficient method for film cooling performance improvement.
Leaf and Stem Cold Hardiness of Four Selections of Raphiolepis umbellate Makino (1992)

Abstract Leaves and stems of four selections of Raphiolepis umbellata Makino were evaluated for cold hardiness at various times throughout the winter over a two year period and compared to the hardiness of their cold hardy parent plant (PI 277653). All four selections were equally or more cold tolerant than the parent plant on all test dates over both years tested. The leaves of these plants were hardier than the stem tips, but were similar to the cold hardiness of two year old stems. During midwinter the leaf and two year old stem cold hardiness ranged from −15 to −18°C (5 to 0°F). These data indicate that the new selections have good cold hardiness potential and may increase the range of adaptability of raphiolepis.
Reactions of Hindered Phenols. III.<sup>1</sup> Reaction of Nitrous Acid with Hindered Phenols (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Hindered Phenols. III.1 Reaction of Nitrous Acid with Hindered PhenolsM. S. Kharasch and B. S. JoshiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 2, 651–653Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01049a521https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01049a521research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views193Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Constitution of a Wheat Starch Dextrin<sup>1</sup> (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Constitution of a Wheat Starch Dextrin1G. M. Christensen and F. SmithCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 16, 4492–4495Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01573a064https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01573a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views123Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dimensioning of Next Generation Networks Multiservice Gateway for Achieving a Quality of Service Target (2008)

In this paper, we propose a set of dimensioning rules, which deliver high quality session-based services over an NGN network based IP/MPLS transport infrastructure. In particular, we develop a detailed dimensioning methodology for achieving a target QoS requirement, expressed in terms of per-service traffic flow throughput and delay. The proposed methodology outlines an optimal equipment allocation strategy for a requested capacity. The benefits of operating a network under the paradigm of generous dimensioning, for converged multiservice traffic flows, include target QoS guarantee, scalability, and resilience of the transport network, while maintaining high resource management. We present and discuss experimental results which illustrate a practical implementation of the proposed dimensioning strategy and its benefits.
Microbial ecology of Bacillus thuringiensis. VII. Fate of Bacillus thuringiensis in larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, and the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea. (1986)

カイコおよびアメリカシロヒトリの終齢幼虫の体内におけるBacillus thuringiensisの消長を調べた。幼虫がB. thuringiensisを摂食したのちも生存する場合には体内におけるB. thuringiensisの増殖は見られず,糞とともに急速に排泄された。一方,B. thuringiensisを摂食して斃死した幼虫の体内では発芽したB. thuringiensisは15∼66倍に増殖して,芽胞を再形成した。しかし腸内細菌の密度の高い晩秋蚕期のカイコあるいは第3世代のアメリカシロヒトリの斃死体内ではB. thuringiensisの発芽後の増殖および芽胞の再形成が抑制されると考えられる結果が得られた。自然環境において昆虫の斃死体はB. thuringiensisの増殖の場となりうるが,そのためには競合微生物の少ないことが不可欠と考えられる。
Aptamer-based electrochemical biosensor for Botulinum neurotoxin (2009)

We have developed an aptamer-based electrochemical sensor for detection of Botulinum neurotoxin, where steric hindrance is applied to achieve specific signal amplification via conformational change of the aptamer. The incubation time and potassium concentration of the reaction buffer were found to be key parameters affecting the sensitivity of detection of the recognition of Botulinum neurotoxin by the aptamer. Under optimized experimental conditions, a high signal-to-noise ratio was obtained within 24 h with a limit of detection (LOD) of 40 pg/ml by two standard deviation cutoffs above the noise level.
Improved high-temperature hydrothermal stability of Cu-SSZ-13 by an ammonium hexafluorosilicate treatment (2015)

Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts were treated with ammonium hexafluorosilicate (AHFS) to improve their hydrothermal stabilities.
Evaluation of welding performance of 20 kHz and 40 kHz ultrasonic metal welding (2017)

In this study, ultrasonic horns are designed by using vibration equations, vibration modal analysis and harmonic response analysis in order to compare welding performance when ultrasonic welding is performed at resonance frequencies of 20 kHz and 40 kHz. For the weldability evaluation of the manufactured horn for 20 kHz and 40 kHz, welding strength between Ni specimens with a thickness of 0.1 mm using tensile test are compared and analyzed. The lengths of horns with resonance frequencies of 20kHz and 40kHz were calculated as 130mm and 68mm respectively. As a result of vibration modal analysis, the optimum longitudinal vibration modes of 19,584Hz and 39,794Hz are obtained in 10th mode, and the frequency response of the two horns are 19,600 Hz and 39,800 Hz respectively. As the welding conditions are changed to welding pressure 2 bar, 3 bar and 4 bar, vibration amplitude of horn 60%, 80% and 100%, tensile strengths of welded specimens are observed. The welding strength was smaller at 40 kHz than at 20 kHz even at the same amplitude. This is because diffusion action of Ni in the weld interface is facilitated at 20 kHz than at 40 kHz.
Carbon dioxide fixation in the metabolism of propylene and propylene oxide by Xanthobacter strain Py2 (1995)

Evidence for a requirement for CO2 in the productive metabolism of aliphatic alkenes and epoxides by the propylene-oxidizing bacterium Xanthobacter strain Py2 is presented. In the absence of CO2, whole-cell suspensions of propylene-grown cells catalyzed the isomerization of propylene oxide (epoxypropane) to acetone. In the presence of CO2, no acetone was produced. Acetone was not metabolized by suspensions of propylene-grown cells, in either the absence or presence of CO2. The degradation of propylene and propylene oxide by propylene-grown cells supported the fixation of 14CO2 into cell material, and the time course of 14C fixation correlated with the time course of propylene and propylene oxide degradation. The degradation of glucose and propionaldehyde by propylene-grown or glucose-grown cells did not support significant 14CO2 fixation. With propylene oxide as the substrate, the concentration dependence of 14CO2 fixation exhibited saturation kinetics, and at saturation, 0.9 mol of CO2 was fixed per mol of propylene oxide consumed. Cultures grown with propylene in a nitrogen-deficient medium supplemented with NaH13CO3 specifically incorporated 13C label into the C-1 (major labeled position) and C-3 (minor labeled position) carbon atoms of the endogenous storage compound poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate. No specific label incorporation was observed when cells were cultured with glucose or n-propanol as a carbon source. The depletion of CO2 from cultures grown with propylene, but not glucose or n-propanol, inhibited bacterial growth. We propose that propylene oxide metabolism in Xanthobacter strain Py2 proceeds by terminal carboxylation of an isomerization intermediate, which, in the absence of CO2, is released as acetone.