gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance Analysis of IEEE 802.16 Multicast and Broadcast Polling based Bandwidth Request (2007)

Recently, IEEE has standardized the 802.16 protocol for wireless metropolitan area networks. In the point-to-multipoint (PMP) mode of the medium access control (MAC), the subscriber stations (SSs) request bandwidth based upon unicast, multicast and broadcast polling by the base station (BS). Polling is the process by which the BS allocates to the SSs bandwidth specifically for the purpose of making bandwidth requests. The SSs contend for the transmission opportunities which are allocated by the BS when they want to transmit the bandwidth request. Generally speaking, the contention intensity heavily influences the network performance. However, no attention is paid to investigate the impact of the system parameters to the utilization of transmission opportunity. This paper provides a simple, but nevertheless accurate, analytical model to compute the utilization of transmission opportunity, in the assumption of finite number of subscriber stations and ideal channel conditions. The proposed analysis applies to multicast and broadcast polling mechanisms. The analytical results match with the simulation results very well and the performance evaluation reveals that the utilization of transmission opportunity mainly depends on the initial contention window size, the network size and the average number of transmission opportunities in one frame. The simulation data also show that multicast polling can achieve higher utilization than broadcast polling especially when the network size is large.
BRMQ: A Database Interface Facility based on Graph Traversals and Extended Relationships on Groups of Entities (1990)

A binary relational database model is used as the heart of a coexistent database system architecture. The semantic binary relational model (SBRM) of information allows for evolutionary changes in the data base by breaking large constructs into atomic named objects. A graph representation of the SBRM schemas is used as an effective data base interface. Such an interface allows interrogation of the database by employing a sequence of graphical movements based on the schema graphs displayed on the screen. This paper describes a data base interface language which is based on manipulating graphical images of objects in an SBRM graph
Implementing a Distributed Certificate Authority Using Elliptic Curve Cryptography for Big Data Environment (2020)

Improving security is necessary to secure the exchange of confidential documents and protection against unauthorized accesses in the big data environment. Sharing data across a large-scale distributed system by a group of non-trusted parties can lead to illegal modification and unauthorized access. Thus, a secure and fast authentication service to authenticate the user connecting to the system is imperative. Based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), a Distributed Certificate Authority (DCA) scheme has been designed and implemented which can efficiently improve the authentication of big data in a distributed environment. The role of authentication is distributed amongst the many nodes included in groups. Each group has its own revocation and signature list instead of each node, and this way reduces system overhead and avoids consuming much time when verifying the nodes without a centralized server. The proposed scheme is demonstrated on a big dataset of social networks. The scheme has been analyzed on the basis of security criteria and compare it with previous schemes to evaluate its performance. The experiment shows that the proposed scheme is capable of consumes less memory and reduces time consumption.
EMI filter design for matrix converters in airspace applications (2012)

Advanced power electronics systems are increasingly being used for AC motor drives, due to their numerous advantages in terms of performance and flexibility; however, due to their switching behaviour, they introduce significant harmonic content. To reduce any interaction with other appliances suitable EMI filters need to be designed and implemented. \n\nThe focus of this thesis is on the characterization of a matrix converter induction motor drive for aerospace application from the point of view of EMI interference and on the design and implementation of suitable filtering systems. Concerns about Electro Magnetic Interferences are particularly justified in the light of the fact that high reliability is sought after in such applications. The main interest in this work lies in the electromagnetic regulations defining the allowable conducted emissions in the frequencies between 150 kHz and 30 MHz. \n\nThe first goal achieved by this work is to characterize the EMI signature of a matrix converter induction motor drive using common and differential mode measurements of the converter and motor impedances separately. Based only on these measurements the project aims to synthesize accurate HF models for the Induction Motor and the Matrix Converter in common and differential mode, without the need of deep level studies that may involve long Finite Elements (FE) simulations of the physical system characteristics. This thesis proposes two general novel HF models for Matrix Converters and Induction Motors that could also be applied in any other application or operating condition. These models are automatically tuned and optimized by a suitably developed Genetic Algorithm (GA) routine capable to match those models with real experimental measurements. This thesis reports the methodologies used for both input and output filter design, together with description and analysis of some issues encountered during the process.
Approach to obtain high quality GaN on Si and SiC-on-silicon-on-insulator compliant substrate by molecular-beam epitaxy (1995)

Crystalline SiC thin layers have been grown on 125 mm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates as a promising and economical substrate for the growth of GaN epilayers. Through the use of an AlN/GaN strained superlattice buffer layer, high quality GaN layers as thin as 2000 Å on Si(111) substrates have been achieved. X-ray diffraction curves with a full width at half-maximum (FWHM) as narrow as 25 arcmin were obtained. The associated low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectrum showed a dominant bound-exciton peak with a FWHM of 8 meV. We have further combined these two techniques to synthesize the first GaN on SiC on a SOI structure.
논문 : 가스침질탄화법에 관한 연구 (1988)

This study has been carried out to evaluate gaseous nitrocarburizing treatment undertaken for pure iron at 570℃ in an atmosphere containing 50% endothermic gas, generated from natural gas, and 50% ammonia. The results obtained from the experiment are as follows ; 1) The microstructure of gaseous nitrocarburized pure iron consists of the compound layer on the surface and the diffusion zone beneath it. The compound layer progresses uniformly into ferrite with a thickness of 20μ obtained after treating for 3 hours. 2) Chemical analysis has shown that the compound layer has a C/N ratio of 0.19 and that the average combined interstitial content of the compound layer is about 30 atomic percent, which is close to the lower limit of the e-carbonitride phase field in Fe-C-N phase diagram. 3) X-ray diffraction analysis has revealed that the compound layer consists mainly of the c.p.h, phase, e-Fe₃(C. N) and a small amount of Fe₄N and traces of ferrite are also present in the compound layer. 4) The microhardness of the compound layer is about 600 V.H.N and shows a relatively sharp fall-off at the compound layer/diffusion zome interface. 5) The average actual degree of ammonia dissociation is calculated to be 27% for a gaseous nitrocarburizing treatment carried out at 570℃.
A thermo-sensitive PLGA-PEG-PLGA hydrogel for sustained release of docetaxel (2010)

The aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of poly-(d,l-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-PLGA triblock copolymer as a matrix material for a sustained-release system for docetaxel (DTX). The copolymers were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization reaction and characterized by (1)H-NMR and gel permeation chromatography. The DTX-loaded formulations were prepared, characterized. And the antitumor efficacy and the pharmacokinetics of DTX-loaded copolymer on A-549 lung tumor-bearing BALB/cA mice were investigated. The results showed that DTX-loaded copolymer highly increased the solubility of DTX by more than 3000-fold. And copolymer concentration as well as drug loading level exerted appreciable influence on the drug release behavior. Further, the pharmacokinetic test showed that DTX-loaded copolymer could be with the sustained-release nature for over 3 weeks, which correlated well with the in vitro release. Additionally, one intratumoral injection of the thermo-sensitive hydrogel containing DTX was comparable to three intravenous injections of DTX injection in inhibiting the tumor growth in A-549 lung tumor-bearing BALB/cA mice with a less toxic manner. PLGA-PEG-PLGA could thus provide a promising alternate locally delivered vehicle for DTX to achieve prolonged exposure having greater efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth with lower toxicity.
Cardiac Responses to β-adrenergic Stimulation and Induced Vasodilation are Similar in Young Male and Female Rats (2020)

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GRP78, a Coreceptor for Coxsackievirus A9, Interacts with Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Molecules Which Mediate Virus Internalization (2002)

It is becoming apparent that over the years cell infection by virus seems to have evolved into a multistep process in which many viruses employ distinct cell surface molecules for their attachment and cell entry. In this study the attachment and entry pathway of coxsackievirus A9 (CAV-9), a member of the Picornaviridae family, was investigated. It has been known that, although integrin alpha(v)beta3 is utilized as a receptor, its presence alone is insufficient for CAV-9 infection and that CAV-9 also requires a 70-kDa major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I)-associated protein (MAP-70) as a coreceptor molecule. We document by protein isolation and peptide sequencing that the 70-kDa protein is GRP78, a member of the heat shock protein 70 family of stress proteins. Furthermore we show by using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) that GRP78 is also expressed on the cell surface and associates with MHC-I molecules. In addition CAV-9 infection of permissive cells requires GRP78 and also MHC-I molecules, which are essential for virus internalization. The identification of GRP78 as a coreceptor for CAV-9 and the revelation of GRP78 and MHC-I associations have provided new insights into the life cycle of CAV-9, which utilizes integrin alpha(v)beta3 and GRP78 as receptor molecules whereas MHC-I molecules serve as the internalization pathway of this virus to mammalian cells.
Sub-Micromolar Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro by Natural Compounds (2021)

Inhibiting the main protease 3CLpro is the most common strategy in the search for antiviral drugs to fight the infection from SARS-CoV-2. We report that the natural compound eugenol is able to hamper in vitro the enzymatic activity of 3CLpro, the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, with an inhibition constant in the sub-micromolar range (K<sub>i</sub> = 0.81 μM). Two phenylpropene analogs were also tested: the same effect was observed for estragole with a lower potency (K<sub>i</sub> = 4.1 μM), whereas anethole was less active. The binding efficiency index of these compounds is remarkably favorable due also to their small molecular mass (MW < 165 Da). We envision that nanomolar inhibition of 3CLpro is widely accessible within the chemical space of simple natural compounds.
Cloning and Characterization of the Tetrocarcin A Gene Cluster from <i>Micromonospora chalcea</i> NRRL 11289 Reveals a Highly Conserved Strategy for Tetronate Biosynthesis in Spirotetronate Antibiotics (2008)

Tetrocarcin A (TCA), produced by Micromonospora chalcea NRRL 11289, is a spirotetronate antibiotic with potent antitumor activity and versatile modes of action. In this study, the biosynthetic gene cluster of TCA was cloned and localized to a 108-kb contiguous DNA region. In silico sequence analysis revealed 36 putative genes that constitute this cluster (including 11 for unusual sugar biosynthesis, 13 for aglycone formation, and 4 for glycosylations) and allowed us to propose the biosynthetic pathway of TCA. The formation of D-tetronitrose, L-amicetose, and L-digitoxose may begin with D-glucose-1-phosphate, share early enzymatic steps, and branch into different pathways by competitive actions of specific enzymes. Tetronolide biosynthesis involves the incorporation of a 3-C unit with a polyketide intermediate to form the characteristic spirotetronate moiety and trans-decalin system. Further substitution of tetronolide with five deoxysugars (one being a deoxynitrosugar) was likely due to the activities of four glycosyltransferases. In vitro characterization of the first enzymatic step by utilization of 1,3-biphosphoglycerate as the substrate and in vivo cross-complementation of the bifunctional fused gene tcaD3 (with the functions of chlD3 and chlD4) to Delta chlD3 and Delta chlD4 in chlorothricin biosynthesis supported the highly conserved tetronate biosynthetic strategy in the spirotetronate family. Deletion of a large DNA fragment encoding polyketide synthases resulted in a non-TCA-producing strain, providing a clear background for the identification of novel analogs. These findings provide insights into spirotetronate biosynthesis and demonstrate that combinatorial-biosynthesis methods can be applied to the TCA biosynthetic machinery to generate structural diversity.
CLINICAL ASPECTS OF UNCOMPLICATED AND SEVERE MALARIA (2012)

The first symptoms of malaria, common to all the different malaria species, are nonspecific and mimic a flu-like syndrome. Although fever represents the cardinal feature, clinical findings in malaria are extremely diverse and may range in severity from mild headache to serious complications leading to death, particularly in falciparum malaria. As the progression to these complications can be rapid, any malaria patient must be assessed and treated rapidly, and frequent observations are needed to look for early signs of systemic complications.In fact, severe malaria is a life threatening but treatable disease. The protean and nonspecific clinical findings occurring in malaria (fever, malaise, headache, myalgias, jaundice and sometimes gastrointestinal symptoms of nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea) may lead physicians who see malaria infrequently to a wrong diagnosis, such as influenza (particularly during the seasonal epidemic flu), dengue, gastroenteritis, typhoid fever, viral hepatitis, encephalitis. Physicians should be aware that malaria is not a clinical diagnosis but must be diagnosed, or excluded, by performing microscopic examination of blood films. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are then crucial to prevent morbidity and fatal outcomes. Although Plasmodium falciparum malaria is the major cause of severe malaria and death, increasing evidence has recently emerged that Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi can also be severe and even fatal.
The Design and Implementation of the Inversion (1993)

This paper describes the design, implementation, and performance of the Inversion file system. Inversion provides a rich set of services to file system users, and manages a large tertiary data store. Inversion is built on top of the POSTGRES database system, and takes advantage of low-level DBMS services to provide transaction protection, fine-grained time travel, and fast crash recovery for user files and file system metadata. Inversion gets between 30% and 80% of the throughput of ULTRIX NFS backed by a non- volatile RAM cache. In addition, Inversion allows users to provide code for execution directly in the file system manager, yielding performance as much as seven times better than that of ULTRIX NFS.
Gemcitabine in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer. (1996)

Many new drugs have been tested in phase II studies in recent years. With a number of drugs the results vary because of differences in the patients recruited to these studies. A number of factors impact the response to second-line therapy, including the treatment-free interval between the end of previous therapy and the entry into phase II study, the bulk and stage of disease, the histology of the tumor, and hemoglobin level. The activity of the new drug tested is also important. It may be difficult to compare the results of different studies, as not all reports contain the same information. A report of a phase II study should contain information on all previous treatment, time since diagnosis, time since last treatment, tumor size at entry, hemoglobin values, performance status, histology, frequency of tests performed to evaluate toxicity, and clear definitions of response. Of the new drugs recently tested, the taxane paclitaxel has shown promising activity even in platinum-resistant patients. Gemcitabine, the novel nucleoside analog, also has shown activity in platinum-resistant patients in a phase II study. The response rate in this study was 19% (95% confidence limits, 9% to 34%). More importantly the responses were observed in a poor prognostic group of patients, characterized by primary platinum resistance, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IV, a treatment-free interval < or = 6 months, large bulky disease, and poorly differentiated/undifferentiated tumors. Both hematologic and nonhematologic toxicities were modest. The data suggest that gemcitabine, like paclitaxel, is non-cross-resistant to platinum.
Prevalence of <i>Ureaplasma urealyticum</i> and <i>Ureaplasma parvum</i> in semen of infertile and healthy men (2009)

Ureaplasma urealyticum is a causative agent of non-gonococcal urethritis and is implicated in the pathogenesis of prostatitis, epididymitis and infertility. The organism is more common in partners of infertile than fertile marriages. U. urealyticum infections not only jeopardize fertility but also pose a risk for infertility treatment and resulting pregnancies. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of U. urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum in semen of infertile and healthy men by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Semen samples were obtained from infertile patients and healthy controls and were subjected to the routine andrological analysis and PCR. DNA was extracted by the Cadieux method, and analysed by PCR protocol with specific primers for urease and multiple-banded antigen genes. Ureaplasmas were detected significantly by PCR in 12 of 100 (12%) semen specimens from infertile patients and in three of 100 (3%) healthy men. The volume of semen fluid, concentration of sperm cells, and sperm cell with normal morphology were significantly decreased in infertile men. In the group of infertile patients with PCR positive for Ureaplasmas, the volume, count and morphology of semen samples were lower than in the infertile patients with PCR-negative results. U. urealyticum species in semen of infertile men was found to be high (9%) than in healthy controls (1%). Detection rate for U. parvum was 3% in the infertile group and 2% in healthy men. The results indicate that U. urealyticum species is more common in specimens of infertile men. The percentage of normal sperm cells, the volume of semen and the percentage of sperm cells with motility in the PCR positive for U. urealyticum species group were lower than in the PCR positive for U. parvum group.
Tuberculosis Drug Targets (2002)

Despite the availability of the BCG vaccine and chemotherapy, tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading infectious killer worldwide. The recent rise of TB and especially the alarming increase of drug-resistant TB call for urgent need to develop new anti-TB drugs. Lengthy chemotherapy and increasing emergence of drug-resistant strains pose a significant problem for effective control. The need for a lengthy TB therapy is a consequence of the presence of persistent Mycobacterium tuberculosis, not effectively killed by current anti-TB agents. A list of new drug candidates along with proposed targets for intervention is described. Recent advances in the knowledge of the biology of the organism and the availability of the genome sequence provide a wide range of novel targets for drug design. Gene products involved in controlling vital aspects of mycobacterial metabolism, persistence, virulence and cell wall synthesis would be attractive targets. It is expected that the application of functional genomics tools, such as microarray and proteomics, in combination with modern approaches, such as structure-based drug design and combinatorial chemistry to biology-based targets, will lead to the development of new drugs that are not only active against drug-resistant TB but also can shorten the course of TB therapy.
XML PUBLISHING SOLUTIONS FOR A COMPANY (2007)

Abstract: The eXtensible Markup Language, or XML is a method to add structure and context to unstructured information This paper presents some of the latest issues in using XML as a standard for information publishing. We present XBRL (eXtended Business Reporting Language) and possible applications in elaborating financial documents. We also present DITA (Darwin Information Typing Architecture) as a new XML based standard developed by IBM DITA is used for technical information structuring and publishing. In the final part we present a DITA implementation of a procedures manual for a hypermarket.
Safety and quality - what it means to CHF (2007)

It is now acknowledged that consumers have a legitimate role in decisions about safety and quality in health care. It is now time to consolidate this involvement and ensure it is effective in making the changes consumers want. (non-author abstract)
The nature of defect size distributions in semiconductor processes (2003)

The combination of a small static random access memory (SRAM) and a test element group (TEG) has been shown to be an effective yield monitor for VLSI. Defects at all process levels are easily isolated, detected, and characterized through bit mapping and visual inspection. This not only provides an effective means for defect control at all process levels but also provides a unique opportunity to study the defect size distribution as a function of process and level. Defect size distributions have been measured for various process levels using a 1.25- mu m CMOS SRAM/TEG yield monitor. These data have been analyzed with nonlinear regression techniques and show that the best-fit model for the defect distribution is bimodal and not a simple inverse power law, as is usually thought. The nature of the bimodal distribution has been examined on a level-by-level basis as well as on a sublevel basis in terms of specific process operation. Evaluated in this manner, the resulting defect distribution is clearly shown to be highly dependent on the facility, process, and processing equipment. Near best-fit models with simple inverse power laws show smaller power law defect distributions than are generally presented in the literature. The implications of these results with regard to yield modeling for product and technology projections are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Regional Feature: HIV and the Law in Papua New Guinea (2011)

Papua New Guinea (PNG) is focusing on the role of law in combating HIV, but not everyone is happy. Tim Leach reports.