gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cycloadditionen mit Carbodiimiden, 3. Thermische Umwandlung von 4‐Imino‐2‐azetidinonen in 2‐Aminopyridine infolge einer 1,5‐Hydridverschiebung (1975)

3-(o-Chlorphenoxy)-4-imino-2-azetidinone 8 wandeln sich während langsamer Vakuum-destillation unter Wasserabspaltung in 2-Aminopyridine 18 um. Als Nebenprodukte entstehen (o-Chlorphenoxy)malonsäureamide 14 und (o-Chlorphenoxy)acetamide 16. Cycloadditions with Carbodiimides, Thermal Transformation of 4-Imino-2-acetidinones into 2-Aminopyridines as a Result of a 1,5-Hydride Migration 3-(o-Chlorophenoxy)-4-imino-2-azetidinones 8 will be transformed to 2-aminopyridines 18 by slow vacuum destillation under dehydration. (o-Chlorophenoxy)malonamides 14 and (o-chlorophenoxy)acetamides 16 are found as by products.
Titanium alloy surface coatings using poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) and poly(acrylic acid) (2017)

Physisorbed polymer coatings (such as PAA) on the Ti6Al4V surface can reduce the contact angle and improve the hydrophilicity and wettability of the alloy surface. Moreover, physisorption is a simple technique that does not require any special equipment.
Computer modeling of decorrelation patterns of transverse blood flow (2003)

The decorrelation properties of the phased array transducer, as well as the influence of red blood cell aggregation on the decorrelation properties of flowing blood are studied using computer modeling. Blood was modeled as randomly located omnidirectional point scatterers moving across the ultrasound beam. To study the influence of aggregation, blood was modeled as single scatterers and as aggregates of various lengths. The aggregates were organized parallel to the catheter and at random angles. The decorrelation patterns, in the near and far field, are in agreement with theoretical predictions from sound field calculations. Thus, the decorrelation properties of an IVUS array catheter (in relation to transverse blood flow) can be assessed from the properties of the ultrasound beam. The decorrelation of the echo signal is influenced by the characteristics of the scattering medium. However, a complex model of flowing blood, which consists of moving aggregates of various length and orientation, shows a similar decorrelation pattern to that of moving point scatterers.
Blinded recognition of optical coherence tomography images of human mucosa precancer (2003)

<i>In vivo</i> endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed in 154 patients with pathologic lesions, suspicious for high-grade dysplasia, intramucosal or early microinvasive cancer. One group of seven physicians and another of six, familiar with OCT, participated in the blinded recognition of benign and neoplastic conditions in different types of mucous membranes. The result for the OCT sensitivity for malignancy detection in these types of mucosa is 83 - 98%, specificity 71 - 91%. The accuracy was 81 - 87%. Recognition error rate is smaller for high-grade dysplasia and invasive cancer in urinary bladder (3.3% - 1.5%), and higher for the uterine cervix (23% - 11%) and for larynx (45.7% - 3.4%). The kappa coefficient for interobserver agreement was 0.65-0.83.
Mode beating spectra from integrated twin ring diode lasers (2005)

We fabricated 1-cm-long semiconductor ring lasers monolithically integrated with passive waveguides and photodiodes. Longitudinal mode beating and fine tuning is investigated in a single ring and in a system of two traveling-wave ring lasers with opposite lasing directions.
Drug-induced lung disease. (2001)

Drug-induced lung disease is a major source of iatrogenic injury. We review the various drugs known to induce injury and the various patterns of injury seen.
Expression of an AQP2 Cre recombinase transgene in kidney and male reproductive system of transgenic mice (1998)

A transgenic mouse approach was used to examine the mechanism of principal cell-specific expression of aquaporin-2 (AQP2) within the renal collecting duct. RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry revealed that murine AQP2 was expressed in principal cells in the renal collecting duct, epithelial cells of the vas deferens, and seminiferous tubules within testis. The vas deferens expression was confirmed in rats. RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry showed that 14 kb of the human 5'-flanking region confers specific expression of a nucleus-targeted and epitope-tagged Cre recombinase in the principal cells within the renal collecting duct, in the epithelial cells of the vas deferens, and within the testis of transgenic mice. These results suggest that cell-specific expression of AQP2 is mediated at the transcriptional level and that 14 kb of the human AQP2 5'-flanking region contain cis elements that are sufficient for cell-specific expression of AQP2. Finally, renal principal cell expression of Cre recombinase is the first step in achieving cell-specific gene knockouts, thereby allowing focused examination of gene function in this cell type.
Lung Adenocarcinoma Complicated by Trousseau's Syndrome Successfully Treated by a Combination of Anticoagulant Therapy and Chemotherapy (2014)

A 63-year-old woman was diagnosed with advanced lung adenocarcinoma complicated by Trousseau's syndrome characterized by non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis, asymptomatic brain infarction, deep venous thrombosis, and low-grade disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The patient's DIC rapidly became widespread, and multiple micropulmonary embolisms led to severe respiratory failure. She received a blood transfusion and anticoagulant treatment with heparin and recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin, which modestly ameliorated her symptoms, and additional chemotherapy led to tumor shrinkage with concomitant resolution of Trousseau's syndrome. Although there are no established medical approaches for managing Trousseau's syndrome, intensive anticoagulant treatment may be effective for improving the patients' general condition in order for them to be able to undergo subsequent combination chemotherapy.
Individual transcriptional activity of estrogen receptors in primary breast cancer and its clinical significance (2012)

To predict the efficacy of hormonal therapy at the individual-level, immunohistochemical methods are used to analyze expression of classical molecular biomarkers such as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), and HER2. However, the current diagnostic standard is not perfect for the individualization of diverse cases. Therefore, establishment of more accurate diagnostics is required. Previously, we established a novel method that enables analysis of ER transcriptional activation potential in clinical specimens using an adenovirus estrogen response element-green fluorescence protein (ERE-GFP) assay system. Using this assay, we assessed the ERE transcriptional activity of 62 primary breast cancer samples. In 40% of samples, we observed that ER protein expression was not consistent with ERE activity. Comparison of ERE activity with clinicopathological information revealed that ERE activity was significantly correlated with the ER target gene, PgR, rather than ER in terms of both protein and mRNA expression. Moreover, subgrouping of Luminal A-type breast cancer samples according to ERE activity revealed that ERα mRNA expression correlated with ER target gene mRNA expression in the high-, but not the low-, ERE-activity group. On the other hand, the low-ERE-activity group showed significantly higher mRNA expression of the malignancy biomarker Ki67 in association with disease recurrence in 5% of patients. Thus, these data suggest that ER expression does not always correlate with ER transcriptional activity. Therefore, in addition to ER protein expression, determination of ERE activity as an ER functional marker will be helpful for analysis of a variety of diverse breast cancer cases and the subsequent course of treatment.
VII. Ueber Tetrachlor‐ und Dichlornaphtoylbenzoësäure (1905)

kleinen Stucken zugegeben und noch wahrend einer halben Stunde am aufsteigenden
Renin-promoter SV40 large T-antigen transgenes induce tumors irrespective of normal cellular expression of renin genes. (1989)

Chimeric genes containing the 5'-flanking regions of the mouse renin genes, Ren1 and Ren2, associated with the early region of the simian virus 40 (SV40) were constructed. The two recombinant genes which contain, respectively, 0.45- and 2.5-kb the Ren1 and Ren2 5'-flanking sequences, named Ren1Tag and Ren2Tag, were microinjected into fertilized eggs. Tumors arose after a latency of 5-9 months in mouse lines harboring these hybrid genes except for one, in which a different and earlier pathology was observed (peripheral neuropathies). Most of the pathologies developed by these transgenic mice reflect the tumorigenic spectrum of the SV40 early region gene (choroid plexus, kidney, intestinal tumors, and peripheral neuropathies). None of these tumors arose from renin-producing cells nor produced renin. As suggested by the tumor pathology, the expression of the SV40 large T-antigen did not follow the normal expression of the Ren1 and the Ren2 genes since SV40 large T-antigen mRNA was found in tissues which normally do not express renin.
C-2-3 Tribology properties of Rubber Roller measured with a Laser Microscope having a Wide Field of View (2011)

This paper deals with measurement of real contact area between a rubber roller and a glass plate using a laser microscope having a wide field of view. It is very important to clarify the tribological properties of the rubber rollers for precise paper-feeding in printers and copiers. A real contact area ratio greatly affects local micro-slips. A total amount of real contact area determines a critical friction torque between the roller and the glass plate. The effect of paper debris attached on the roller on the critical friction torque is examined. The paper debris on the roller decreases the amount of real contact area and the critical friction torque.
Scalable FIR filtering on transport triggered architecture processor (2006)

FIR filtering is an inevitable DSP operation in a wide variety of applications. In this paper, a processor based FIR filter, which is scalable in terms of multiply and accumulate units, is presented. The transport triggered architecture processor is accompanied with resources, which accelerate the FIR filtering. Depending on the number of resources, parallel code is configured to achieve high utilization of hardware. The main benefit of adapting the computing resources close to the computational load is efficient resource utilization and thereby savings in cost.
Robust multimodality registration for brain mapping (1997)

We present a robust intrasubject registration method for the synergistic use of multiple neuroimaging modalities, with applications to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI, perfusion MRI, MR spectroscopy, and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). This method allows user-friendly processing of difficult examinations (low spatial resolution, advanced pathology, motion during acquisition, and large areas of focal activation). Registration of three-dimensional (3D) brain scans is initially estimated by first-order moment matching, followed by iterative anisotrophic chamfer matching of brain surfaces. Automatic brain surface extraction is performed in all imaging modalities. A new generalized distance definition and new specific methodologies allow registration of scans that cover only a limited range of brain surface. A new semiautomated supervision scheme allows fast and intuitive corrections of possible false automatic registration results. The accuracy of the MRI/SPECT anatomical-functional correspondence obtained was evaluated using simulations and two difficult clinical populations (tumors and degenerative brain disorders). The average discrimination capability of SPECT (12.4 mm in-plane resolution, 20 mm slice thickness) was found to be better than 5 mm after registration with MRI (5 mm slice thickness). Registration accuracy was always better than imaging resolution. Complete 3D MRI and SPECT registration time ranged between 6-11 min, in which surface matching represented 2-3 min. No registration failure occurred. In conclusion, the application of several new image processing techniques allowed efficient and robust registration. Hum. Brain Mapping 5:3-17, 1997. (c) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Demonstration of an Overground Hot Water Store in Segmental Construction for District Heating Systems (2018)

Thermal energy stores can significantly improve the efficiency and environment-friendliness of the heat supply by storing heat surpluses and supply heat to the consumer if necessary. Therefore, a high demand for cost-effective storage technologies with low energy losses exists. For hot water storage tanks using the displacement principle significant optimization potentials exist regarding currently at the market available storage technologies, in particular pressure vessels and flat-bottom tanks. A new tank design eliminates disadvantages and offers numerous benefits. A demonstrator with a new design was already built in cooperation with scientific and industrial partners as part of the OBSERW project in Nortorf (Germany). The demonstrator is a small-scale hot water storage tank with a volume of approx. 100 m³. It allows numerous tests with low energy and time effort. The main novelty of the construction is an indoor floating ceiling, with the loading device (e. g. a radial diffuser) attached directly to it. A flexible connection allows the free movement of the floating ceiling between a top and bottom dead centre. This work describes the function of the storage tank and presents first operation experiences.
New Insights into Hbv Replication: New Opportunities for Improved Therapies (2008)

HBV is one of the smallest animal viruses yet one of the most successful human pathogens, inflicting potentially life-threatening liver disease on more than 5% of the global population. While infection is preventable by prophylactic vaccination, few options for the treatment of established chronic hepatitis B are available and none are effective in more than a fraction of patients. Moreover, interferons may cause severe side effects and the, as of August 2008, five approved nucleos(t)ide analogs suffer from rapid emergence of viral resistance. Hence, improved and sustained therapeutic success will require new treatments based on alternative modes of action. The minimalistic genetic outfit of HBV offers few obvious targets, and virus-specific restrictions have hampered understanding, in particular, of the early infection steps. However, recently established in vitro reconstitution systems for initation of reverse transcription and capsid assembly are ready to be exploited for mechanism–based screens for new inhibitors. Moreover, other as yet poorly understood aspects, including the function of the viral HBx protein and the metabolism of covalently-closed circular DNA as a persistance reservoir, rely on an intimate interplay between the virus and host that holds numerous opportunities for drug development, as discussed in this article.
Baking Effects of Evaporated CdS Films (1965)

By way of preliminary experiment for development of thin film active devices, resistivity, optical transmission, crystallinity, and Hall mobility of evaporated CdS films was studied as a function of preparation and processing. During the processing, evolved gases from films were analyzed with an omegatron mass spectrometer and weight changes of films were obserbed by means of a microbalance.Properties of evaporated CdS films were found to depend critically on the evaporation condi tions such as the source temperature and the substrate temperature. During the baking of evaporated CdS films in high vacuum, Cd atoms and sulfide gases were evolved from films, and great changes in electrical properties and crystallinity were observed. After the baking of evaporated films in air or in oxygen, the electrical properties were also altered and X-ray analysis of the films indicated the presence of CdO. These facts show that electrical and optical properties of evaporated CdS films are related to amounts of excess Cd present in the films and to crystallinity of the films, and that the properties of baked films also depend on the initial evaporation conditions. Condensation process of films and mechanism of baking process of them are discussed on the basis of the experimental results.
ChemInform Abstract: PS‐SNAP, a Practical Polymer‐Supported Nitrosation Reagent in Organic Synthesis. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Altered Von Willebrand Factor Subunit Proteolysis and Multimer Processing Associated with the Cys1599(2362)Phe Mutation in the B2 Domain. (2006)

Abstract Cysteine residues clustered in carboxyl- and amino-terminal domains mediate the assembly of von Willebrand factor (VWF) subunits into dimers and multimers, respectively. We have identified a patient with bleeding symptoms and very low plasma VWF antigen and ristocetin cofactor activity, compatible with clinically severe von Willebrand disease (VWD), whose abnormal plasma VWF multimers show a distinctly altered proteolytic processing. Analysis of plasma VWF multimers in low resolution agarose gels demonstrated a smearing extending to the origin of the separating gel in both the proband and her parents, suggestive of the presence of unusually large species with low electrophoretic mobility. In high resolution gels, these large multimers were stacked at the origin of the gel, clearly seen in a sample of proband’s plasma obtained after DDAVP infusion even though the treatment caused only a modest increase in VWF:Ag and VWF:RCo (from 4.7 to 7.5 U/dL and from 5.2 to 8 U/dL, respectively). Individual VWF multimers in the proband’s plasma comprised only one clearly visible band with different mobility as compared to the main band of normal multimers, and lacked the satellite bands that form the normal triplet structure. Analysis of the proband’s plasma VWF subunit composition using anti M7 antibodies (which probe the aminoterminal region of VWF) revealed the apparent 225 kDa mature form and a single 205 kDa fragment, but notably absent was the 140 kDa aminoterminal fragment generated by ADAMTS-13 cleavage. Subunit analysis using anti-M31 antibodies (which probe the carboxyl-terminal region of VWF) revealed the 225 kDa intact subunit and the 205 kDa fragment, but notably absent were the fragments generated by ADAMTS-13 cleavage. Analysis with anti-22K antibodies, which react with one or more epitope(s) located in the extreme carboxyl terminal region of VWF downstream of Val1927, revealed the presence of only the intact subunit of 225kDa. Concentration of ADAMTS-13 antigen and VWF-cleaving activity in the patient plasma were within normal limits.The patient carried a homozygous Cys to Phe mutation at position 1599 in the mature VWF subunit B2 domain (Cys2362 of pre-pro-VWF). In her heterozygous parents, the 205 kDa fragment was distinctly visible along with the normal VWF cleavage products. Our finding indicate that a proper conformation of the B2 domain, dependent on critical Cys residues, may be required for normal proteolytic processing of VWF multimers. The association of these structural and functional abnormalities with a missense mutation in the B2 domain provides insights into the mechanism that may regulate the post-secretion processing of VWF multimers, and, thus, their prothrombotic potential.
Spectroscopy of francium (1999)

Francium is the least studied of the alkali atoms because it has no stable isotopes. We have performed precision spectroscopy on cold Fr atoms in a magneto optical trap. We have determined the location of the first two excited states of the S series by two-photon spectroscopy. We have measured the lifetimes of the 7p levels with a precision better than 0.5%. Our measurements test the many-body perturbation theory ab initio calculations of the dipole matrix element to very high accuracy in this relativistic alkali.
Photolysis of mast cells in presence of protoporphyrin (1979)

The effects of ultraviolet and visible irradiation in presence of protoporhyrin upon mast cells were investigated. Rat peritoneal mast cells were suspended in a medium containing varying concentrations of protoporphyrin and were irradiated using a mercury vapor lamp. The release of histamine is related to both the concentrations of protoporphyrin and the period of irradiation. Comparatively negligible amounts of histamine were released when the cells were irradiated in absence of protophyrin or when the cells were incubated in the dark in presence of protoporphyrin. When 51Cr-labelled cells were employed, the release of histamine was paralleled by the release of 51Cr. These results suggest that the release of histamine was due to the lysis of cells. It was found that 2-deoxyglucose, iodoacetate and carbonyl cyanide, m-chlorophenyl hydrazone at concentrations which are known to inhibit the secretory release of histamine or uncouple oxidative phosphorylation, had no effect on the photolysis of mast cells. When mast cells were irradiated in presence of protoporphyrin for 5 to 10 minutes and then kept in the dark, the release of histamine was greater than when the cells were irradiated but not subsequently kept in the dark. It is suggested that the initial site of photochemical lysis is at or near the cell surface.
Status of the "TMI Heatup" Code (1980)

the subroutines provides the essential input data, such as the properties, configuration, initial and boundary conditions, etc., of the reactor core. The other group combines the computed instant local temperature with the fuel model parameters (i.e., the decay and release constants, and the irradiation history of the fuel) to perform the fission product release calculations.
Towards sparse coding of natural movements for neuroprosthetics and brain-machine interfaces (2015)

The correlation structure of natural hand & finger movements suggests that their motion is controlled in a lower-dimensional space than would be possible given their mechanical nature. Yet, it is unclear whether this low dimensional embedding is relevant to how the brain represents motor actions and how we can decode it for Brain-Machine Interface applications. We collected large data set of natural hand movement kinematics and analysed it using a novel sparse coding and dictionary learning approach - Sparse Movement Decomposition (SMD), which captures the embedding of the data in terms of spatial and temporal structure. We show that our sparse codes over natural movement statistics give a more parsimonious representation than the simple correlation structure. This suggest that, like V1 neuron receptive fields can be predicted from sparse code over natural image statistics, motor control may be encoded in such a manner. We further show how our sparse coding can help understand the temporal structure of behaviour, and thus our technique may be used for behavioural fingerprinting in diagnostics and for more naturalistic neuroprosthetic control.