gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dibenzyl trithiocarbonate mediated reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of acrylonitrile (2005)

Abstract Reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization has been successfully applied to polymerize acrylonitrile with dibenzyl trithiocarbonate as the chain‐transfer agent. The key to success is ascribed to the improvement of the interchange frequency between dormant and active species through the reduction of the activation energy for the fragmentation of the intermediate. The influence of several experimental parameters, such as the molar ratio of the chain‐transfer agent to the initiator [azobis(isobutyronitrile)], the molar ratio of the monomer to the chain‐transfer agent, and the monomer concentration, on the polymerization kinetics and the molecular weight as well as the polydispersity has been investigated in detail. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and 1 H NMR analyses have confirmed the chain‐end functionality of the resultant polymer. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 490–498, 2006
Impact of seismic image quality on fault interpretation uncertainty (2017)

Uncertainty in the geological interpretation of a seismic image is affected by image quality. Using quantitative image analysis techniques, we have mapped differences in image contrast and reflection continuity for two different representations of the same grayscale seismic image, one in two-way-time (TWT) and one in depth. The contrast and reflection continuity of the depth image is lower than that of the TWT image. We compare the results of 196 interpretations of a single fault with the quality of the seismic image. Low contrast and continuity areas correspond to a greater range of interpreted fault geometries, resulting in a broader spread of fault interpretations in the depth image. Subtle differences in interpreted fault geometries introduce changes in fault characteristics (e.g., throw, heave) that are critical for understanding crustal and lithospheric processes. Seismic image quality impacts interpretation certainty, as evidenced by the increased range in fault interpretations. Quantitative assessments of image quality could inform: (1) whether model-based interpretation (e.g., fault geometry prediction at depth) is more robust than a subjective interpretation; and (2) uncertainty assessments of fault interpretations used to predict tectonic processes such as crustal extension.
Topical treatment by urea reduces epidermal hyperproliferation and induces differentiation in psoriasis. (1996)

The mechanisms of action of urea-containing ointments in the treatment of eczema, ichthyosis and psoriasis are only partly known and related to proteolysis and keratinolysis. In this study, we have examined the effects of topical urea on epidermal proliferation and differentiation in 10 patients with psoriasis. Plaque type lesions were treated for 2 weeks with an ointment containing 10% urea, with the vehicle alone, or left untreated. Clinical score, hydration of the stratum corneum, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and immunohistochemical studies were performed. Epidermal proliferation was assessed using the Ki-S3 proliferation-associated nuclear antigen. For epidermal differentiation antibodies against involucrin and against keratins CK 5, 6, 17 and CK 1, 5, 10, 14 were used. The patients showed a reduction of the clinical score (> 50%), a 2-fold increase in stratum corneum hydration (p < 0.01), and a small decrease in TEWL (N.S.) on the urea- treated compared to the untreated site. Light microscopy studies revealed a 29% reduction in epidermal thickness (p < 0.01); epidermal proliferation was decreased by 51% (p < 0.005). The altered expression of involucrin and of cytokeratins (reduction of CK 5, 1 and 10 and induction of CK 6 and 17) was partially reversed. The ointment base also improved psoriasis, but urea was significantly better than the vehicle (urea: 40% reduction in epidermal proliferation vs. vehicle). In summary, these studies show that urea influences epidermal proliferation and differentiation in psoriasis.
Gastrin - Physiological and Pathophysiological Role: Clinical Consequences (1995)

Gastrin plays a central role in the regulation of acid secretion. It is released by meals in quantities sufficient to explain meal-stimulated acid secretion. Gastrin stimulates acid secretion mainly by releasing histamine from the enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell. Whether gastrin has any functional direct effect on the parietal cell remains to be shown. Gastrin stimulates not only the function but also the growth of the ECL cell, and long-term hypergastrinemia may lead to ECL cell carcinoids. The role of the ECL cell in human gastric carcinogenesis is controversial, but it seems wise to avoid long-term iatrogen hypergastrinemia especially in young persons. Interestingly, the oxyntic mucosal D cell, on which gastrin has a negative trophic effect, may play a role in gastric stump carcinoma, and thus hypogastrinemia may also dispose to gastric cancer.
The Lovelace 2.0 Test of Artificial Creativity and Intelligence (2014)

Observing that the creation of certain types of artistic artifacts necessitate intelligence, we present the Lovelace 2.0 Test of creativity as an alternative to the Turing Test as a means of determining whether an agent is intelligent. The Lovelace 2.0 Test builds off prior tests of creativity and additionally provides a means of directly comparing the relative intelligence of different agents.
Studies in isoxazole chemistry. IV. Isoxazoles via isoxazolines (1970)

4- or 5-Chloro- or cyanoisoxazoles, 5-chloromethylisoxazoles, and 5-methylisoxazoles were made by the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrile oxides to α-halogeno- or α-alkoxyolefins. In the case of cis- and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, (5a and b) the intermediate cis- and trans-4,5-dichloroisoxalines (6a and b) were isolated. Both 6a and b were dehydrochlorinated with base to give the 4-chloroisoxazole (7a) exclusively. The cis-isomer 6a reacted faster than the trans-somer 6b. The reactions were found to be specific in every reaction since only one isomer was isolated. The structures of the products were established from n.m.r. spectral analysis.
Three Dimension QoS Deviation based Scheduling in Adaptive Wireless Networks (2007)

QoS provisioning over wireless fading channel is challenging. We develop a novel scheduler design in cellular packet-switched wireless networks which provides QoS for users in all three aspects of QoS i.e. throughput, delay and packet loss simultaneously. We establish a three-dimensional space with specific basis vectors for QoS and find the efficient point of system performance in that space. Then we develop a generalized measure, the QoS Deviation, which is the Euclidean distance between flow QoS work point and the efficient QoS point in the 3D space. Based on this measure, a scheduling approach, namely BQDF is outlined and will be extended to AQDC scheduler for wireless channels which makes it possible to tune the tradeoff between QoS provisioning and optimizing throughput in an adaptive manner depending on current cell QoS Deviation level (CDL). Finally, we introduce a QoS Deviation-based CAC policy for the proposed system.
Paclitaxel Structure—Activity Relationships and Core Skeletal Rearrangements (1994)

A number of novel paclitaxel (Taxol®) analogs that contain modifications at the C2, C7and C10 position have been prepared during the course of a taxol SAR study. These analogs include deoxygenated, fluorinated and C7-C19 cyclopropane paclitaxel derivatives. Several very interesting skeletal rearrangements within the taxol and baccatin core were also discovered while developing analog syntheses. The details of the chemistry and the biological evaluation of these analogs will be discussed.
(Invited) Performance of Graphene and Beyond Graphene 2D Semiconductor Devices (2015)

During the past 10 years, 2D materials have found significant attention in the electronic device community. The first 2D material explored for electronic applications was graphene and the beginning of graphene research was hallmarked by great enthusiasm. It soon turned out, however, that the missing bandgap of graphene causes problems for proper transistor operation and limits the potential of graphene transistors. Therefore researchers have extended their work to 2D materials beyond graphene recently. Meanwhile a variety of different 2D materials are under investigation and part of them has already successfully been used to realize 2D transistors. In the present paper, we introduce the most important 2D materials and evaluate those of their properties relevant for transistors. We review the current state-of-the-art of 2D transistors, compare their performance to that of conventional transistors, and discuss potential applications for 2D transistors.
A Lifetime of Mourning: Francesco Petrarca as a Melancholic Griever (2016)

Using Kubler-Ross’ grief paradigm, this paper works to understand Francesco Petrarca’s Il canzoniere as a work of grief. Petrarca’s narcissistic tendencies and melancholia regarding love characterize the poet as a melancholic griever, as described by Freud. Drawing on the five stages (Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, and Acceptance), this work demonstrates how Petrarca was a melancholic griever who did not find solace before his death. In short, this paper works to better understand the psychology of grief behind the Italian poet’s great collection.
Differentiation-associated changes in CD44 isoform expression during normal hematopoiesis and their alteration in chronic myeloid leukemia (1995)

CD44 is a widely expressed, multifunctional, cell-surface glycoprotein that has been implicated in the regulation of normal hematopoiesis. In addition, expression of particular isoforms of CD44 has been associated with malignant transformation and/or the acquisition of metastatic potential. In this study, we used two recently developed monoclonal anti-CD44 antibodies, one reactive with an epitope shared by many CD44 isoforms and the other with an epitope unique to CD44 isoforms containing amino acids encoded by the alternatively spliced exon v10, to compare the expression of CD44 on primitive hematopoietic cells from the marrow of normal individuals and their neoplastic counterparts present in the peripheral blood of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Multiparameter fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis and cell sorting studies showed that CD44 is normally expressed at high to very high levels on both long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-IC) and granulopoietic colony-forming cells (granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units [CFU-GM]). In contrast, primitive erythropoietic progenitors (burst-forming units-erythroid [BFU-E]) in normal marrow were more homogeneous in their expression of CD44, and very few (less than 5%) showed the very high levels of CD44 seen on 20% to 25% of LTC-IC and CFU-GM. Antibody staining showed the expression of exon v10-containing CD44 isoforms to be restricted to a small subpopulation (4% to 8%) of morphologically recognizable mature (CD34-) myeloid cells within the light-density fraction of normal marrow cells. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed the presence of two exon v10-containing mRNA species. In CML, a significantly greater proportion of the circulating neoplastic CFU-GM expressed very high levels of CD44, and these CFU-GM were accompanied by an increased number of light density v10+ cells, including some that coexpressed CD34. Nonmalignant hematopoietic progenitors mobilized by prior chemotherapy and growth factor treatment of patients with Hodgkin's disease or acute myeloid leukemia in remission showed no changes in CD44 expression relative to normal marrow progenitors. These results provide evidence of early differentiation-associated changes in CD44 expression during normal hematopoiesis in vivo that may be deregulated in the neoplastic clone of patients with CML.
Microtitre plate-based antibacterial assay incorporating resazurin as an indicator of cell growth, and its application in the in vitro antibacterial screening of phytochemicals (2007)

The resazurin assay utilising microtitre-plate, described by Drummond and Waigh in 2000, has been modified to achieve more accuracy in the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of natural products, including crude extracts, chromatographic fractions or purified compounds against various bacterial strains. This modified resazurin method is simple, sensitive, rapid, robust and reliable, and could be used successfully to assess antibacterial properties of natural products.
Pollination of Australian orchids by Trigona (Tetragona) jurine bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) (1992)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Image J를 이용한 방사선 앞치마(Apon)의 방어 성능평가 (2015)

목 적 : 오늘날 방사선 장비의 사용이 증가함에 따라 방사선 방어용 앞치마 (apron)의 방어 성능이 좋지 못할 경우 방사선 작업종사자의 피폭이 상대적으로 높아질 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 Image J로 apron의 방어 성능평가를 시행하여 임상에서 실제적으로 우수한 성능의 apron을 구비하는데 기초자료로 제공하고, 선량계 없이도 성능 평가 방법의...
Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity of Mycotoxins: DNA Binding as a Possible Mode of Action (1980)

INTRODUCTION ... .. .. ..... . .. . ... ..... .... ... .. ... . RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENETIC ACTIVITY AND CARCINOGENICITY OF MYCOTOXINS OTHER THAN AFLATOXINS . GENETIC ACTIVITY OF MYCOTOXINS FOR WHICH CARCINOGENICITY HAS NOT YET BEEN REPORTED •... AFLATOXINS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS . Introduction . Structure-Activity Relationship in Ajlatoxins and Related Compounds . Mutagenicity of Afiatoxins and Related Compounds . Nature of the Mutations Induced by Ajiatoxins . Cellular Functions Affecting Mutagenesis by Ajlatoxins .
À Londres : La réforme de l'organisation financière (1993)

Les liberaliser et Les leur trois reformes succes administrations les engagees marches n'a ete que et ont de Thatcher partiel eu dereglementer une et portee avaient incertain. quelquefois les pour marches Dix philosophie ans inattendue financiers. apres, les de liberaliser les marches et de dereglementer les marches financiers. Les reformes engagees ont eu une portee quelquefois inattendue et leur succes n'a ete que partiel et i certain. Dix ans ap es, les interets en cause continuent a s'opposer pour que puissent encore s'ameliorer les fragiles structures mises en place trop rapidement. Les raisons de ces differentes reformes sont diverses : en ce qui concerne les autorites de tutelle il s'agit de la protection du consommateur contre la fraude et l'extorsion, alors que pour la Bourse il s'agit de l'ouverture aux capitaux etrangers sans remise en cause de l'unicite du marche des valeurs. Du cote des banques la raison est plutot la fin du controle du credit envers les menages et les PME, les organismes d'assurance ont eux cherche l'explosion des plans personnels d'epargne et de retraite, le parti conservateur a voulu creer une nouvelle classe de proprietaires et d'actionnaires votant a droite. Enfin, la City de Londres a souhaite que des reformes soient engagees par souci de gagner la premiere place dans la ruee internationale a la dereglementation afin de conserver sa reputation de premiere place financiere mondiale. Des 1979, les etapes de la dereglementation se succederent sans logique et de facon desordonnee, a l'instar des constructions de gratte-ciel dans les anciens docks a quelques kilometres de la. D'abord, il y a eu, en 1979, le demantelement soudain et total du systeme de controle des changes. Puis en 1980 avec l'abolition du «corset» qui restreignait la croissance du credit bancaire, tout espoir de controler la masse monetaire a du etre abandonne. En effet, les residents britanniques etaient des lors libres d'emprunter ou ils le desiraient. En ce qui concerne l'investissement, l'evenement capital a ete l'accord signe en 1983 entre la Bourse et le gouvernement pour eviter un proces devant la Cour des Pratiques Restrictives. La Bourse s'engagea a supprimer les commissions fixes, a ne plus differencier les agents de change des contre-partistes et a autoriser les banques et les investisseurs etrangers a prendre des participations dans les societes cotees.
Total-skin electron irradiation for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: the Northern Israel Oncology Center experience. (1991)

Total-skin electron irradiation (TSEI) is effective and frequently used in the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. A treatment technique has been developed at our center, using the Philips SL 75/10 linear accelerator. In our method, the patient is irradiated in a recumbent position by five pairs of uncollimated electron beams at a source to skin distance of 150 cm. This method provides a practical solution to clinical requirements with respect to uniformity of electron dose and low X-ray contamination. Its implementation does not require special equipment or modification of the linear accelerator, 19 of 23 patients (83%) with mycosis fungoides, treated by this method, achieved complete regression of their cutaneous lesions.
Design of an autonomous navigation system (1988)

The structural design of a system called ODYSSEUS is discussed. The system consists of a triangle base with three programmable wheels, a special digital compass based on the Grey code, a sonar system in a hexagonal configuration, a slope meter, and a microprocessor controller that selects information from the above components and determines the navigation paths. The system possesses learning capabilities, which are not treated here.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Loss of heterozygosity 4q24 and TET2 mutations associated with myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (2009)

Chromosomal abnormalities are frequent in myeloid malignancies, but in most cases of myelodysplasia (MDS) and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), underlying pathogenic molecular lesions are unknown. We identified recurrent areas of somatic copy number-neutral loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and deletions of chromosome 4q24 in a large cohort of patients with myeloid malignancies including MDS and related mixed MDS/MPN syndromes using single nucleotide polymorphism arrays. We then investigated genes in the commonly affected area for mutations. When we sequenced TET2, we found homozygous and hemizygous mutations. Heterozygous and compound heterozygous mutations were found in patients with similar clinical phenotypes without LOH4q24. Clinical analysis showed most TET2 mutations were present in patients with MDS/MPN (58%), including CMML (6/17) or sAML (32%) evolved from MDS/MPN and typical MDS (10%), suggesting they may play a ubiquitous role in malignant evolution. TET2 mutations affected conserved domains and the N terminus. TET2 is widely expressed in hematopoietic cells but its function is unknown, and it lacks homology to other known genes. The frequency of mutations in this candidate myeloid regulatory gene suggests an important role in the pathogenesis of poor prognosis MDS/MPN and sAML and may act as a disease gene marker for these often cytogenetically normal disorders.
Mechanik (2001)

Wenn sich ein Körper bewegt, so verändert er gegenüber einem anderen Körper seinen Ort. Jede Bewegung ist eine Relativbewegung. Es wird willkürlich angenommen, daß der Bezugskörper ruht. Ihm wird ein dreidimensionales Koordinatensystem, das Bezugssystem, zugeordnet. Es dient der Lagebeschreibung der bewegten Körper. Zur Darstellung von Bewegungen auf der Erde wird meist die ruhend gedachte Erdoberfläche als Bezugssystem gewählt.
사회 및 성격 : Trait Meta-Mood Scale 의 타당화에 관한 연구 : 정서지능의 하위 요인에 대한 탐색 (1997)

현 연구에서는 정서적 지능의 하위 요인들을 측정하도록 고안된 Trait Meta-Mood Scale(Salovey, Mayer, Goldman, Turvey, & Palfai, 1995) 점수에의 신뢰도 및 타당도에 관련된 증거들을 제시하여 보려고 했다. 이를 위하여 우선 TMMS의 요인 구조가 산출되었는데, 그 결과 정서에 대한 명확한 인식, 정서에 대한 주의, 정서 개선의 세 가지 차원이 매우 유의미한 하위 요인들인 것으로 확인되었으며, 이들 각 요인들을 토대로 계산된 신뢰도 지수 역시 비교적 만족할만한 수준이었다. 준거 관련 타당도 증거를 살펴보기 위하여 TMMS와 동일한 하위 개념들을 측정하는 기존의 척도들, MAS(Swinkles & Guiliano, 1995), NMR(Catanzaro & Meams, 1990)과의 상관 자료, 그리고 정서의 표현성을 측정하는 EES(Kring, Smith, & Neale, 1994), AEQ(King & Emmons, 1990)와의 상관 또한 산출되었는데, 그 결과 역시 예상대로의 수렴 및 변별 타당도 증거들을 보여 주었다. 마지막으로 정서지능의 준거행동으로 가장 자주 언급되었던 감정부전과 이들 하위 요인들 간의 관계를 살펴보았다. TMMS의 정서에 대한 인식, 그리고 그와 동일한 개념을 측정하는 MAS의 정서에 대한 인식 차원, 그리고 TMMS의 정서에 주의를 기울이는 정도 그리고 역시 같은 개념을 측정하는 MAS의 정서에 모니터링하는 정도가 개인의 감정부전 정도를 가장 많이 예측하여 주었으며, 이와 함께 TMMS에는 포함되지 않았던 정서표현 과정에서 경험하는 갈등 차원이 비교적 유용한 예측치가 될 수 있다는 증거가 나타났다. 이들 결과들을 요약하여 보자면, TMMS의 하위 척도들은 비교적 우수한 심리 측정적 특성들을 지니며 Salovey 등(1995)이 주장했던 대로 정서지능의 주요한 하위 요인들을 측정하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.
“A good little tool to get to know yourself a bit better”: a qualitative study on users’ experiences of app-supported menstrual tracking in Europe (2019)

This qualitative study gives insight into users' practices and experiences of app-supported menstrual tracking. The results provide information for researchers, health care providers and app designers about the implications of app-supported period-tracking and describe opportunities for patient-doctor interactions as well as for further development of menstrual apps.
Nonlinear feed forward pitch controller for wind turbine based on rotor's aerodynamic characteristic (2010)

Large-scale variable pitch wind turbine generator (WTG) system usually uses the PID controller to maintain the output power unchanged above the rated wind speed. Because WTG has the characteristic of inertia and delay and the wind speed varies randomly, the simple feedback control method such as PID controller can hardly achieve satisfactory performance. This paper firstly analyzes the shortcomings of PID controller, and then a new pitch control method combined with nonlinear feed forward controller and PID controller is proposed. At high wind speed range, there is nonlinear relationship between pitch angle and wind speed due to the aerodynamic characteristic of the rotor. This paper obtains this relationship with numerical calculation and least square polynomial fit method. Then the nonlinear model is used to design the feed forward controller. Its input is wind speed and the output is the increasing feed forward reference pitch angle. The feed forward controller has achieved the dynamic feed forward compensation and improved the rapidness of control system. With the simulation of a 300 kW wind turbine generator at different wind speed, the new pitch control strategy can effectively reduce system's overshoot and regulation time, and has a satisfactory control performance.