gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CO emission from supernova remnants (1977)

In a search for molecular gas associated with supernova remnants, the CO line has been observed in three optical remnants: the Cygnus Loop, IC 443, and Cas A. In both the Cygnus Loop and IC 443, CO molecules are detected from dense clouds of the order of 100 solar masses, probably located at the edge of the expanding remnants. These are locations of particularly bright optical filaments and strong radio continuum emission. The foreground emission seen in Cas A exhibits changes on a small scale compared with the radio continuum, implying a low filling factor for molecular absorption lines in Cas A.
Production of insulin‐like growth factor‐II (MSA) by endoderm‐like cells derived from embryonal carcinoma cells: Possible mediator of embryonic cell growth (1985)

The present study was carried out to determine if an insulin-like growth factor (IGF) type activity might be produced by embryonal carcinoma-derived cells. The cell line used to condition growth medium for the isolation of secreted growth factors was a newly established Dif 5 cell type. Dif 5 cells are a differentiated endoderm-like cell type derived from F9 embryonal carcinoma cells (which possess properties similar to mouse embryonic stem cells) following extensive exposure to retinoic acid. When growth medium conditioned by Dif 5 cells is chromatographed on Sephadex G-75 in 1 M acetic acid two peaks of activity are observed which compete for specific [125I]iodo multiplication stimulating activity (MSA) binding to PYS cells. MSA is the rat homologue of human IGF-II. The high molecular weight fraction (Mr approximately 60K) apparently corresponds to IGF-binding protein as determined by its ability to bind [125I]iodo-MSA. The low molecular weight fraction (Mr approximately 8K) is biologically active as this fraction stimulates [3H]thymidine incorporation into serum-starved chick embryo fibroblasts. Radioimmunoassay data indicate that the IGF-like activity produced by Dif 5 cells is more closely related to IGF-II than to IGF-I. Undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma stem cell lines (F9, Nulli, and PCC4) produced little of this MSA-like activity, while PYS-2 (parietal endoderm-like) cells produced about 16 ng MSA/10(6) cells/24 hr as determined by radioimmunoassay. Dif 5 and PSA-5E (visceral endoderm-like) cells, are found to secrete significant amounts of MSA into the growth medium (30-50 ng MSA/10(6) cells/24 hr). These findings offer further support to a proposal that MSA (IGF-II) produced by endoderm cells, particularly visceral endoderm, may serve as an early embryonic growth factor.
Confinement Studies In TFTR (1985)

The paper describes the present (end of February 1985) status of the plasma confinement studies in the TFTR tokamak with emphasis on those with neutral beam injection (NBI). Recent improvements in the device capabilities have substantially extended operating parameters: BT increased to 4.0 T, Ip to 2.0 MA, injection power (Pb) to 5 MW with H° or D° beams, ne to 5 × 1019 m−3 and Zeff reduced to 1.4. With ohmic heating (OH) alone, the previously established scaling for gross energy confinement time (τE ∝ ne) has been confirmed at higher Ip and BT, and the maximum τE of 0.4 sec has been achieved. With NBI at Pb, substantially (by factor > 2) higher than POH, excellent power and particle accountability have been established. This suggests that the less-than-expected increase in stored energy with NBI is not due to problems of power delivery, but due to problems of confinement deterioration. τE is observed to scale approximately as Ip Pb−0.5 (independent of ne), consistent with previous L-mode scalings. With NBI we have achieved the maximum τE of 0.2 s and the maximum Ti (o) of 4.4 keV in the normal operating regime, and even higher Ti(o) in the energetic-ion regime with low-ne and low Ip operation.
A Cadaveric Investigation into the Demographic and Bony Alignment Properties Associated with Osteoarthritis of the Patellofemoral Joint (2018)

Abstract Background Patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis is common, although circumstances dictating its evolution and pathogenesis remain unclear. Advances in surgical technique have improved the ability to modify long-bone alignment in the coronal, sagittal, and axial planes. However, to our knowledge, there is no significant long-term data available in regard to the relationship between anatomic alignment parameters most amenable to surgical modification and patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis. Methods Five-hundred and seventy-one cadaveric skeletons were obtained from the Hamann–Todd osteological collection. Mechanical lateral distal femoral angle, medial proximal tibial angle, tibial slope, femoral version, tibial torsion, the position of the tibial tubercle relative to the width of the tibial plateau, trochlear depth, and patellar size were measured using validated techniques. A previously published grading system for patellofemoral joint arthritis was used to quantify macroscopic signs of degenerative joint disease. Results Increasing age (standardized beta 0.532, p  Conclusions These findings confirm that patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis is strongly associated with increasing age and female gender. Valgus alignment of the distal femur, a relatively more lateral location of the tibial tubercle, and a shallower trochlear grove appear to have modest effects on the development of patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis.
Papillomavirus-Like Particles Stimulate Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells To Produce Alpha Interferon and Th1 Immune Responses via MyD88 (2004)

Dendritic cells (DCs) link innate and adaptive immunity by sensing pathogens or vaccinogens and signaling a variety of defense responses. Since human papillomavirus type 16 L1 virus-like particles (HPV16 VLPs) induce a potent, protective immune response after vaccination, we examined their recognition by DCs. HPV16 VLPs cause phenotypic maturation of murine bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs), and immunization of mice with HPV16 VLP-loaded BMDCs or HPV16 VLPs alone induced T helper 1 (Th1)-biased immune responses. Analysis of transcriptional responses of murine BMDCs by microarray suggested that alpha/beta interferon (IFN-alpha/beta) transcripts and numerous proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines are up regulated in response to HPV16 VLPs. Indeed, the induction of IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma, and interleukin-12 (IL-12) production by BMDCs after stimulation with HPV16 VLPs was demonstrated by quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Many microbial products that induce proinflammatory responses are recognized via Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling through the key adaptor protein MyD88 and activation of NF-kappaB, nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-AT), and activating protein 1 (AP-1). Reporter assays indicated that HPV16 VLPs activated NF-kappaB-, NF-AT-, and AP-1-dependent transcription in the RAW264.7 macrophage cell line. Knockdown of MyD88 transcripts by small interfering RNA in the RAW264.7 macrophage cell line inhibited the activation of NF-kappaB-, NF-AT- and AP-1-dependent transcription by HPV16 VLP. Furthermore, MyD88(-/-) BMDCs failed to up regulate IL-12 and IFN-alpha and -gamma in response to HPV16 VLPs. Finally, Th1-biased immune responses to HPV16 VLPs are dramatically impaired in MyD88 and IFN-alpha/beta receptor-deficient mice. This implicates TLR recognition as central to immune recognition of HPV16 L1 VLPs.
Design of Highly Adhesive and Water-Resistant UV/Heat Dual-Curable Epoxy–Acrylate Composite for Narrow Bezel Display Based on Reactive Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Nanoparticles (2020)

To attain the narrow bezel characteristic of information displays, functional sealing composite materials should possess high adhesion strength and water barrier performance due to their narrow line widths. In this study, highly adhesive UV/heat dual-curable epoxy-acrylate composites with outstanding water-resistant performance have been proposed using photoreactive organic-inorganic hybrid nanoparticles that can react with an acrylate resin, creating a crosslinked nanoparticle network within the sealing composite. The hybrid nanoparticles consisted of reactive methacrylate groups as a shell and an inorganic core of silica or aluminum oxide, and were facilely synthesized through sol-gel reaction and chemisorption process. The curing characteristics, adhesive strength, and moisture permeability of the proposed sealing composite have been compared to those of a conventional epoxy-acrylate composite containing inorganic silica particles. The composites including hybrid nanoparticles exhibited high UV and heat curing ratios owing to the numerous methacrylate groups on the nanoparticle surface and high compatibility with organic resins. Moreover, the proposed sealing composite showed high adhesion strength and extremely low water permeability due to the creation of densely photocrosslinked network with matrix resins. In addition, the sealing composite exhibited excellent narrow dispensing width as well as relatively low viscosity, suggesting the potential application in narrow bezel display.
Comparison of the cytotoxic potency of T101 Fab, F(ab')2 and whole IgG immunotoxins. (1988)

The in vitro killing of the human CEM cell line was studied by using ricin A-chain immunotoxins constructed with either the whole IgG or the Fab and F(ab')2 fragments of the same T101 (anti-CD5) antibody. In the presence of ammonium chloride as an activator, the "whole" immunotoxin as well as the "fragment" immunotoxins did not show any significant difference in the cell killing efficacy. In contrast, without the activator, the efficacy of the T101 immunotoxin was greatly improved when fragments were used. Indeed, at a saturating dose, a cytoreduction of three orders of magnitude was obtained with the fragment immunotoxins vs less than one order of magnitude for the whole immunotoxin, as assessed in a clonogenic assay. This enhancing effect was related to better cell killing kinetics, because with a similar amount of A-chain molecules bound per cell, T101 fragment immunotoxins achieved a twofold faster protein synthesis inactivation rate than the corresponding whole IgG immunotoxin. No significant difference in activity was shown between monovalent (Fab) and divalent (F(ab')2) forms of fragment immunotoxins. The observation that T101 fragment immunotoxins were more potent than intact immunotoxins was extended to another fragment immunotoxin constructed with an antibody (F111.98) directed against a different epitope of the CD5 Ag. In another model (anti-CD22 1G11 antibody on Raji cells), the fragment immunotoxin did not show any superiority over the IgG immunotoxin which was by itself very potent, strongly suggesting an Ag-dependent phenomenon.
Hydrogen Physisorption in Metal–Organic Porous Crystals (2005)

Hydrogen adsorption in microporous solid materials may enable H2 to be stored at lower pressures than in compressed-gas tanks, and at higher temperatures than for liquid H2. A new class of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with a high specific surface area appears promising for H2 storage. Here, the H2-uptake capacity of MOF-5 over a wide pressure range, at room temperature and at 77 K is investigated (see Figure). Adsorption of H2 exclusively in the micropores of these metal–organic frameworks is demonstrated.
A modified envelope-following approach to clocked analog circuit simulation (2002)

A modified envelope-following method for simulation of clocked analog circuits is described. The modification makes the envelope-following algorithm more efficient, as unnecessary numerical integration is avoided when computing the envelope of 'quasi-algebraic' components in the solution vector. An automatic method for determining the quasi-algebraic solution components is described, and experimental results are given which demonstrate that this modified method reduces the number of computer clock cycles needed to accurately determine the envelope.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Molecular Motors, Beauty in Complexity (2011)

X-ray crystallography provides some surprising insights into the dynein class of molecular motors.
In vitro Susceptibility of Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and Slime-Producing and Non-Slime-Producing Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci to Fusidic Acid (1992)

The in vitro susceptibility of 100 oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and 100 oxacillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS; 50 slime-negative and 50 slime-positive strains) was determined by agar dilution technique, with and without the addition of 50% human serum. All strains tested were highly sensitive to fusidic acid. S. aureus and CNS showed MIC50 values of 0.125 and 0.25 mg/l, respectively. MICs of all strains increased significantly in the presence of 50% human serum. Only minor differences were noted between the MICs of slime-producing and slime-deficient CNS.
Synthesis and Surface Chemistry of Cadmium Carboxylate Passivated CdTe Nanocrystals from Cadmium <i>bis</i>(Phenyltellurolate) (2015)

We report the synthesis of cadmium telluride nanocrystals from cadmium bis(phenyltellurolate) (Cd(TePh)2) and cadmium alkylcarboxylates (Cd(O2CR)2, O2CR = oleate, tetradecanoate). Cd(TePh)2 reacts quantitatively with Cd(O2CR)2 at 220 °C over 1 h with the concomitant elimination of diphenyl telluride (Ph2Te) and CdTe nanocrystals. The nanocrystal diameter approaches 3.0–3.2 nm at full conversion regardless of changes to the solvent, carboxylate chain length, heating conditions, and reaction concentration. Larger nanocrystals may be grown by slow addition of additional precursors to the crude product mixture. Isolated nanocrystals have carboxylate ligands (2.1–4.7 nm–2) that can be displaced along with excess cadmium ions using low concentrations of N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) (1.5–280 mM). Using 1H NMR spectroscopy, we measure the extent of the displacement and show that the binding of Cd(O2CR)2 to CdTe is weaker than to CdSe nanocrystals of similar size. The weaker binding is proposed to arise from a lower polarity and greater stability of reconstructed CdTe surfaces.
Minimal Association of Common Red Blood Cell Polymorphisms with Plasmodium falciparum Infection and Uncomplicated Malaria in Papua New Guinean School Children (2010)

Southeast Asian ovalocytosis (SAO), α(+)-thalassemia, and low expression of complement receptor 1 (CR1) have been associated with protection against severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria. In a cohort of children 5-14 years of age the effect of α(+)-thalassemia, SAO (SLC4A1Δ27), CR1 polymorphisms, and Gerbich negativity (GYPCΔex3) on risk of P. falciparum infections and uncomplicated illness were evaluated. The risk of acquiring polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-diagnosed P. falciparum infections was significantly lower for α(+)-thalassemia heterozygotes (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.56) and homozygotes (HR: 0.51) than wild-type children. No such differences were seen in light of microscopy diagnosed infections (P = 0.71) or were α(+)-thalassemia genotypes associated with a reduced risk of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria. No significant associations between the risk of P. falciparum infection or illness were observed for any of the other red blood cell polymorphisms (P > 0.2). This suggests that these polymorphisms are not associated with significant protection against P. falciparum blood-stage infection or uncomplicated malaria in school-aged children.
Evidence that the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PC12,Br7,Sl) gamma (-) isoform modulates chondrogenic patterning and growth (2000)

One of the earliest events in bone morphogenesis is the condensation of embryonic mesenchymal cells into chondroblasts and their subsequent proliferation and differentiation into chondrocytes. During this time, certain signaling cascades operate to establish proper patterning and differentiation of the cartilaginous skeleton. Characterization of the signaling pathways involved in these processes remains to be accomplished. We have identified a novel murine cytosolic tyrosine phosphatase termed PTPPBS gamma (+/-) which is a member of the PTP PC12,Br7,Sl (PTPPBS) family. Spatio-temporal expression analysis of the members of this tyrosine phosphatase family demonstrates significant expression of the gamma (-) splice variant in the cartilaginous skeleton. Using an embryonic mandibular explant culture system to serve as a model for cartilage formation, we examined the potential roles of the PTPPBS gamma phosphatase by loss-of-function studies achieved with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. These studies demonstrated that loss of expression of the PTPPBS gamma (-) isoform resulted in abnormal patterning of Meckel's cartilage and an increase in the size of the chondrogenic regions. In gamma antisense-treated explants, bromodeoxyuridine-pulse labeling studies revealed increased proliferation of chondroblasts bordering along precartilaginous condensations and bordering populations of maturing chondrocytes. These studies provide evidence that in early skeletal development, PTPPBS gamma may regulate the rate of chondroblast proliferation in the cartilaginous skeleton.
INHIBITION OF ALLORESPONSIVE NAIVE AND MEMORY T CELLS BY CD7 AND CD25 ANTIBODIES AND BY CYCLOSPORINE (1990)

Human naive and memory T cells can be isolated from each other by their CD45RA and CD45RO expression, respectively. This enables the assessment of their differential sensitivities to immunosuppressive agents for the first time. We have investigated the ability of cyclosporine or CD7 and CD25 antibodies to selectively block alloantigen stimulated naive and memory T cells in vitro. CD7 antibodies blocked the proliferation of naive (P less than 0.025) but not memory T cells in a primary MLR. CD25 antibody inhibited both naive and memory subsets but a significantly greater effect was found on the memory T cells (P less than 0.005). The constitutive CD7 and CD25 antigen expression on resting naive or memory T cells was related to the inhibitory activities of these antibodies on both subsets. Accordingly, naive T cells expressed more CD7 antigen than memory cells while memory T cells displayed low levels of CD25 antigen that was absent from naive populations before activation. Cyclosporine, like CD25 antibody, inhibited both subsets in a primary MLR but had a greater effect on memory cells (P less than 0.02). Memory T cells, therefore, are more dependent than naive cells on IL-2 for proliferation. There was great individual variation in the ability of CsA to block the MLR. The simultaneous addition of CD25 or CD7 antibody together with CsA, however, enhanced the MLR inhibition as the effects of all three were additive. This suggested interference by these agents at different points during T cell activation. Thus, in CsA sensitive individuals, one-tenth of the optimal CsA concentration together with CD25 antibody maintained maximum immunosuppression in vitro. These results demonstrate the possibility of using CD7 and CD25 antibodies for selective inhibition of naive or memory T cells and also the possibility of augmenting the inhibition of and reducing the CsA concentration required for clinically effective immunosuppression.
Biomechanical Comparison of Expandable Cages for Vertebral Body Replacement in the Thoracolumbar Spine (2004)

Biomechanical results indicate that design variations of expandable cages for vertebral body replacement are of little importance. Additionally, no significant difference could be determined between the biomechanical properties of expandable and nonexpandable cages. After corporectomy, isolated implantation of expandable cages plus anterior plating was not able to restore normal stability of the motion segment. Therefore, isolated anterior stabilization using cages plus Locking Compression Plate should not be used for vertebral body replacement in the thoracolumbar spine.
Coherent interaction with two-level fluctuators using near field scanning microwave microscopy (2015)

Near field Scanning Microwave Microscopy (NSMM) is a scanning probe technique that non-invasively can obtain material properties on the nano-scale at microwave frequencies. While focus has been on developing room-temperature systems it was recently shown that this technique can potentially reach the quantum regime, opening up for applications in materials science and device characterization in solid state quantum information processing. In this paper we theoretically investigate this new regime of NSMM. Specifically we show that interaction between a resonant NSMM probe and certain types of two-level systems become possible when the NSMM probe operates in the (sub-) single photon regime, and we expect a high signal-to-noise ratio if operated under the right conditions. This would allow to detect single atomic material defects with energy splittings in the GHz range with nano-scale resolution, provided that individual defects in the material under study are well enough separated. We estimate that this condition is fulfilled for materials with loss tangents below tan δ ∼ 10(-3) which holds for materials used in today's quantum circuits and devices where typically tan δ < 10(-5). We also propose several extensions to a resonant NSMM that could improve sensitivity and functionality also for microscopes operating in a high power regime.
Oncolytic designer host defense peptide suppresses growth of human liposarcoma (2010)

Sarcomas display a rare and heterogeneous group of tumors. Treatment options are limited. Host defense peptides (HDPs), effector molecules of the innate immune system, might provide a more effective treatment option. The aim of our study was to analyze the oncolytic activity and mode of action of a designer HDP. In vitro, the human liposarcoma cell line SW-872 and primary human fibroblasts as a control were exposed to [D]-K(3)H(3)L(9), a 15-mer D,L-amino acid designer peptide. Cell growth (MTT assay), proliferation (BrdU assay) and genotoxicity (TUNEL assay) were analyzed. The mode of action was examined via fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis and confocal laser scanning microscopy. In vivo, [D]-K(3)H(3)L(9) (n = 7) was administered intratumorally in a SW-872 xenograft mouse model (Foxn1nu/nu). Phosphate buffered saline served as a control (n = 5). After 4 weeks, tumor sections were histologically analyzed with respect to proliferation, cytotoxicity, vessel density and signs of apoptosis and necrosis, respectively. In vitro, [D]-K(3)H(3)L(9) highly significantly (p < 0.01) inhibited cell metabolism and proliferation. TUNEL assay revealed corresponding genotoxicity. FACS analysis suggested induction of necrosis as a cause of cell death. The mean tumor volume of the control group exponentially increased sevenfold, whereas the mean tumor growth was negligible in the treatment group. Macroscopically, [D]-K(3)H(3)L(9) induced full tumor remission in 43% of treated animals and partial remission in 43%. Vessel density was significantly reduced by 52%. Morphological analyses supported the hypothesis of cancer cell killing by necrosis. In summary, [D]-K(3)H(3)L(9) exerts very promising oncolytic activity on liposarcoma cells. Our study demonstrates the potential of HDPs as a novel therapeutic option in future soft tissue sarcoma therapy.