gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical Modeling of Soft Tissue and Facial Expressions for Craniofacial Surgery Planning (2003)

The present thesis deals with the numerical modeling of facial tissue biomechanics for the prediction of the patient's postoperative appearance in cranio-, dento-maxillofacial surgery planning. Typically, craniofacial surgery interventions consist in the rearrangement of facial bones, which induces the deformation of surrounding soft tissue. The postoperative patient's appearance has to be predicted on the basis of 3D geometrical models derived from tomographic data and the prescribed displacements of relocated bone structures. The linear elastic approach known from the previous works and widely used in soft tissue modeling is generally limited by the assumption of small deformations and implies a substantial error by ad hoc calculations of large deformations. The investigations carried out in this work lead to the development of a more accurate and flexible non- linear elastic approach. Different tissue types are modeled as a homogeneous, isotropic, quasi-incompressible St. Venant-Kirchhoff material characterized by two elastic constants, the Young modulus describing the material stiffness and the Poisson ratio describing the material compressibility. The numerical solution of the associated discrete boundary value problem on tetrahedral grids is obtained via the finite element method (FEM). Since the non-linear elastic FEM is in general very expensive, an adaptive numerical scheme for the efficient and robust computation of both small and large deformations with user-defined precision is developed. The modelling approach has been validated by the direct comparison between the simulation outcome and the patient's postoperative facial outline in a number of clinical studies. In addition to the static soft tissue prediction, we present a new approach for the estimation of individual facial emotion expressions. We assume natural physiological mechanism of facial expressions that is the impact of contracting muscles on remaining facial tissue. Using this technique, single muscle actions as well as complex individual facial emotion expressions can be estimated.
Pustular Acne (1985)

Abstract: Pustules from 92 new cases of pustular acne and grarri‐negative folliculitis were cultured in aerobic medium for superimposed bacterial infection. During the treatment of 1,561 new patients with papular acne with tetracycline and topical clindamycin and antibacterial soaps, an additional 10 developed pustules. The maiority showed in vitro resistance to ampicillin. The effective treatment was co‐trimoxazole and topical gentamicin. A new classification of acne with practical therapeutic use is needed.
Text Mining and Cybercrime (2010)

This chapter describes the state of technology for studying Internet crimes against children, specifically sexual predation and cyberbullying. We begin by presenting a survey of relevant research articles that are related to the study of cybercrime. This survey includes a discussion of our work on the classification of chat logs that contain bullying or predatory behavior. Many commercial enterprises have developed parental control software to monitor these behaviors, and the latest version of some of these tools provides features that profess to protect children against predators and bullies. The chapter concludes with a discussion of these products and offers suggestions for continued research in this interesting and timely sub-field of text mining.
Synthesis and Properties of Some 6-Substituted Purines<sup>1</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Properties of Some 6-Substituted Purines1Alfredo Giner-Sorolla and Aaron BendichCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 15, 3932–3937Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01548a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01548a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views536Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hypernatremia (2000)

The serum sodium concentration and thus serum osmolality are closely controlled by water homeostasis, which is mediated by thirst, arginine vasopressin, and the kidneys.1 A disruption in the water balance is manifested as an abnormality in the serum sodium concentration — hypernatremia or hyponatremia.2,3 Hypernatremia, defined as a rise in the serum sodium concentration to a value exceeding 145 mmol per liter, is a common electrolyte disorder. Because sodium is a functionally impermeable solute, it contributes to tonicity and induces the movement of water across cell membranes.4 Therefore, hypernatremia invariably denotes hypertonic hyperosmolality and always causes cellular dehydration, at . . .
A Method for Optimal Coordinated Insulation Design of Transmission Line (2010)

The first step in the accepted methods of overhead transmission line insulation coordination is to specify a reliability criterion, and then based on this constraint the most economic insulation design is sought. While the objective of an optimal insulation design method is to find an insulation design that minimises the total cost (the sum of the installation cost, operational cost and cost of failure), each of the cost components can be determined on a per-year basis taking into account the equipment’s lifetimes. In this paper, through application of ATP software and realising the total cost of different transmission line designs, a set of alternative insulation designs using various surge protection options are proposed. Employing the optimisation algorithm, an optimised insulation design for transmission line is achieved. Finally, this new method is employed for insulation design of a sample transmission line. The resultant cost savings of the new method is considerable and can result in a major saving.
Histocompatibility Leukocyte Antigen‐A2402‐restricted Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Recognizing Adenocarcinoma in Tumor‐infiltrating Lymphocytes of Patients with Colon Cancer (1997)

To cast light on T cell-mediated specific immunity at the tumor site of colon cancer, we investigated whether interleukin-2 (IL-2)-activated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from colon cancer show histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-class I-restricted cytotoxicity against adenocarcinoma. IL 2-activated TIL from all four HLA-A24 patients examined lysed HLA-A2402+ adenocarcinomas, but not HLA-A2402- tumors. Those of two of the four cases also lysed HLA-A2402+ squamous cell carcinomas. CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones recognizing HLA-A2402+ adenocarcinomas were established from one CTL line. This CTL line produced IFN-gamma upon recognition of an HLA-A2402- adenocarcinoma transfected with HLA-A2402 cDNA. These results suggest the presence of HLA-A2402-restricted CTL recognizing adenocarcinoma at the tumor site of colon cancer. Furthermore, HLA-A31-restricted CTL activity was found in IL-2-activated TIL from one of two HLA-A31+ patients, suggesting the existence of HLA-class I-restricted CTL involving an allele other than A24.
Characterization of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> α1,2‐Fucosyltransferase for Enzymatic Synthesis of Tumor‐Associated Antigens (2008)

Abstract The α1,2‐fucosyltransferase (α1,2‐FucT) from Helicobacter pylori catalyzes the fucosylation of acceptor oligosaccharides at the C2‐OH of terminal Galβ units. The enzyme from strain NCTC11639 was evaluated for its ability to synthesize cancer‐associated antigens. The α1,2‐FucT was determined to be active over a pH range between 4.0 and 8.0 with the optimum occurring at pH 5.0. Although a divalent metal ion cofactor was not required for catalysis, enhancement of the enzyme activity was detected upon supplement with Mn 2+ . Detailed substrate specificity analysis revealed that α1,2‐FucT can catalyze the fucosylation of a wide variety of oligosaccharide substrates. The α1,2‐FucT preferentially fucosylated type 1 structure (Galβ1‐3GlcNAc)‐containing glycans over type 2 structure (Galβ1‐4GlcNAc)‐containing glycans. The Lewis a trisaccharide [Galβ1‐3(Fucα1‐4)GlcNAc] was found to be the best acceptor. The only exception was that the Lewis x pentasaccharide LNFP III [Galβ1‐4(Fucα1‐3)GlcNAcβ1‐3Galβ1‐4Glc] was favored over the Lewis a analogue LNFP II [Galβ1‐3(Fucα1‐4)GlcNAcβ1‐3Galβ1‐4Glc]. Furthermore, the enzyme exhibited high levels of fucosylation with the type 3/4 disaccharide (Galβ1‐3GalNAc). Enzymatic hydrolysis of the donor substrate, guanosine‐5′‐diphospho‐β‐ L ‐fucose (GDP‐fucose), could be observed in the absence of oligosaccharide substrate. This hydrolysis was completely shifted to an efficient fucosyl transfer in the presence of a substrate sugar. Finally, the H. pylori α1,2‐FucT was successfully used in combination with its α1,3‐FucT counterpart to synthesize the Lewis y tetrasaccharide [Fucα1‐2Galβ1‐4(Fucα1‐3)GlcNAc] from LacNAc (Galβ1‐4GlcNAc) in a milligram scale one‐pot reaction.
Stimulation of Horizontal Wells in Carbonate Reservoirs (1998)

Abstract The well stimulation techniques currently in use for horizontal wells are generally based on the old technology, developed for vertical wells based on the radial penetration of treatment fluids from the perforations. The geometry of the wells has changed from vertical/deviated to horizontal in the recent years. The difficulties and the costs associated with the stimulation of long horizontal wells is forcing many operating companies to drill under-balance and thus avoid stimulation altogether. The problems of stimulating the long horizontal wells are further compounded by the most selected method of completion i.e. open hole or ‘bare-foot’ because it is almost impossible to control the fluid entry points in the open hole. Qatar General Petroleum Corporation (QGPC) has employed the conventional stimulation techniques in many horizontal wells e.g. Acid Wash, Foamed Acid, X-Linked acid, and Enzyme Treatment using various jetting tools. The results showed that all the treatments were successful to some extent. However, the cost remained a major issue as the acid volumes are fairly large even at relatively low dosages. In an effort to reduce stimulation costs, QGPC has perused some new. techniques which offer more cost effective well stimulation in comparison to conventional acidization techniques. The new methods are (a) Row-Back Stimulation (b) Reactive Wash (c) use of rotating jetting tools and open-hole perforating. Some of the new techniques have already been applied and some require further refinement and research. The paper covers the case histories and results of the acidization methods used in the carbonate reservoirs. The theoretical aspects of the techniques which require further development are also discussed.
Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Activity of Some N-Phenylphthalimides. (1994)

The anticonvulsant potential of a series of N-phenylphthalimide derivatives has been screened in subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole seizure (scPTZ) and maximal electroshock seizure (MES) tests. Intraperitoneal 4-amino-N-phenylphthalimides were the most potent agents against MES in mice. Referring to the N-(2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)phthalimide structure, the order of anticonvulsant activity appears to correspond to the phthalimide ring substitution pattern of 4-amino > 4-nitro > 4-methyl; H > 3-nitro; 3-amino. The 4-amino-N-(2-methylphenyl)-phthalimide displays an anti-MES ED50 of 47.61 mumol/kg with a protective index (PI) of 4.2. Oral administration to rats of the compounds found to be active in mice showed that the 4-amino-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phthalimide is the most potent anti-MES agent in rats, exhibiting an ED50 of 25.2 mumol/kg and a PI greater than 75. Regarding the nature of the 2 and 6 substituents of the N-phenyl ring, the anticonvulsant efficiencies may be ordered as follows: 2,6-dimethyl > 2-methyl > 2-ethyl > 2-ethyl-6-methyl > 2,6-diethyl > unsubstituted phenyl ring. N-Phenylphthalimide derivatives seem to have great potential as candidate anticonvulsant drugs.
CXCL11 (Interferon-Inducible T-Cell Alpha Chemoattractant) and Interleukin-18 in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with Methylprednisolone (2007)

We suggest that CXCR3 receptor ligand, CXCL11, may be involved in MS pathogenesis.
Catalytic Alkylation of Indan and Tetralin by Olefins, Alcohols and Diethyl Ether (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic Alkylation of Indan and Tetralin by Olefins, Alcohols and Diethyl EtherWalter M. Kutz, J. E. Nickels, J. J. McGovern, and B. B. CorsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 12, 4026–4031Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01192a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01192a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views164Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Molecular diagnostics in acute leukemias (2009)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) both represent highly heterogeneous entities on the basis of diverse cyto- and molecular genetic alterations with considerable influence on prognosis and therapeutic decisions. In recent years, insights into the complex network of molecular markers underlying this diversity have shown marked progress due to the detection of novel mutations, such as nucleophosmin gene (NPM1) in AML, and due to the description of cooperation pathways in leukemogenesis. Also, targeted therapeutic strategies are continuously expanding as illustrated by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) imatinib for BCR-ABL positive ALL. Thus, molecular analysis based on various techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has become an essential part of the diagnostic panel for acute leukemia. In addition, cytomorphology, cytogenetics, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and immunophenotyping with multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) need to be applied for diagnosis. During the course of disease, the residual leukemic cell load can be monitored by highly sensitive quantitative PCR techniques ("real-time PCR"). At present, new techniques, such as high throughput sequencing (next generation sequencing, NGS) or gene expression profiling with microarrays are being explored for use in hematological malignancies, and are being evaluated in preclinical studies. This demonstrates that molecular diagnostics for acute leukemias are in continuous development. This review summarizes the most important recurrent molecular markers seen in acute leukemias, their role in prognosis and therapy and provides an overview on the relevant PCR techniques.
[A technique of cholecystectomy by minilaparotomy without cutting muscles]. (1990)

A surgical incision for cholecystectomy is described. It is characterized by its small size, to reduce peritoneal exposure and the resulting postoperative ileus, and the absence of muscular section, to minimize pain and parietal injury. The skin incision is transverse, symmetrical to the midline, 6 cm in length and located 8-10 cm from the xyphoid process. Then a transverse division of linea alba extending 1.5-2 cm on both sides of the two walls of the rectus sheath, without muscular section, is made. Cholecystectomy is commenced at the fundus and continued downwards.
An Adaptive Reclosing Strategy for MMC-HVDC Systems With Hybrid DC Circuit Breakers (2019)

Modular multilevel converter (MMC) based high voltage direct current transmission (HVDC) is an effective solution for large-scale renewable power integration over long-distance. In the overhead MMC-HVDC systems, the high voltage DC circuit breakers (DCCB) are implemented to interrupt the DC fault current. Subsequent to fault isolation, the DCCBs are required to automatically re-close to restore power transmission quickly. However, when the DCCBs are re-closed to permanent faults, they will be tripped again, resulting in a high requirement of interruption capacity for DCCBs and second overcurrent strikes on the HVDC systems. To overcome the drawbacks of the conventional auto-reclosing scheme, this paper proposes an adaptive reclosing scheme based on the active pulse injection from the converter associated with the coordination control of hybrid DCCBs. The single-end adaptive reclosing scheme as well as the two ends adaptive reclosing scheme dedicated to two-terminal HVDC systems and meshed DC grids are presented respectively. By applying this method, the location of faults can also be achieved in the case of permanent faults. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive reclosing schemes, extensive simulations have been conducted under PSCAD/EMTDC.
Goal directed motion control of 3D human characters (2002)

This paper presents a goal-directed motion control system for animation of human walking. The proposed motion control system consists of coordination controller for balancing and timing of walking motion and joint servo controller for realistic limb movement as well as control user interface for interactive modification of goal-directed motion control parameters and motion constraint primitives. In the proposed motion control system, the goal-directed high-level control concept of motion control and realistic human motor control principle for low-level joint servo control plays a key role in providing a convenient character animation tool which replaces time-consuming keyframe animation by relatively easy task of specifying high-level control parameters.
Ruptured Intramural Pregnancy with Myometrial Invasion Treated Conservatively (2011)

Background. Intramural pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy, difficult to diagnose and generally complicated by uterine rupture. Case. A 38-year-old woman, gravida 5 para 1, was diagnosed with intramural pregnancy by ultrasound and confirmed with MRI. A uterine rupture occurred, which lead to laparotomy and a conservative treatment. Conclusion. Early diagnosis is necessary for conservative treatment.
In search of low cost titanium: the Fray Farthing Chen (FFC) Cambridge process (2011)

Synopsis This article explores the Fray Farthing Chen (FFC) Cambridge process, a novel method for the electrochemical deoxidation of metal oxides in molten salt, discovered at the University of Cambridge in 1997. The process was hailed as a highly promising, potentially low cost, novel method for the production of titanium metal direct from its oxides. The article should inform researchers in the field of some of the challenges in the commercialization of a novel, high profile process involving multiple stakeholders. The author, former senior process engineer at British Titanium Plc, the company originally tasked with commercializing titanium production via the FFC Cambridge process, reviews the latest literature and discusses past and present progress in the pursuit of low cost titanium metal via this process. Topics explored include the history of the process, attempts at commercialization, NASA’s alternative application, and present status of the process.
A Privacy Assessment Approach for Serviced Oriented Architecture Application (2006)

Web services are middle-tier technologies used to access backend applications to perform various operations. Their usage has significantly increased in e-commerce applications since their introduction. Because of their wide usage, security in Web services has become an important point of interest for many. User data provided by users during their transactions with online Web services can be stolen and illegally used. Thus Web service providers have started to strengthen security. This can lead to lack of user privacy. Privacy has received relatively less attention during the growth of information technology. User privacy management needs to be both from the user side and from Web application side. User awareness about information security is the factor for user side privacy management. On the application side, the Web applications must be compliant to privacy policies. In this paper, an approach is designed and implemented for a privacy policy checker engine that automatically verifies and certifies a Web service application based on the levels of overall privacy principle compliance and privacy statement compliance
Stability and bioavailability of vitamin D nanoencapsulated in casein micelles (2012)

We have previously introduced the potential of casein micelles (CM) as natural nanovehicles for hydrophobic nutraceuticals, e.g. vitamin D (VD) (E. Semo, E. Kesselman, D. Danino and Y. D. Livney, Food Hydrocolloids, 2007, 21, 936-942). The aims of the current study were to improve performance by adding an ultra-high-pressure homogenization step, and to evaluate the protection conferred by re-assembled CM (rCM) against VD thermal and oxidative degradation, and the bioavailability of VD(3) in rCM, by a clinical trial. Dynamic-light-scattering showed that VD(3)-rCM had a diameter of 91 ± 8 nm (average ± standard error). When VD(3) was encapsulated in rCM and subjected to thermal treatment (80 °C, 1 min), no significant loss was observed (P > 0.05), compared to 13 and 14% loss of VD(3) emulsified with Tween-80 (a synthetic emulsifier typically used for VD solubilization) and of unencapsulated VD(3) respectively (P < 0.05). VD(3) in rCM was also more stable during 28 d cold storage (∼40% loss) compared to Tween-80 emulsified (∼50% loss) or to un-encapsulated (∼70% loss) VD(3). Ultra-high-pressure homogenization of VD(3)-rCM (∼155 MPa) significantly enhanced vitamin stability, resulting in only ∼10% loss after 28 d of storage. Bioavailability of a single-dose of 50,000 international-units (IU) VD(3) encapsulated in rCM, in 1% fat milk, investigated in a randomized double blinded placebo controlled clinical study with 87 human volunteers, was at least as high as that using an aqueous Tween-80-emulsified VD(3) supplement. We conclude that ultra-high-pressure homogenization treated rCM protect VD(3) against heat- and storage-induced degradation, and VD(3) encapsulated in rCM is highly bioavailable.