gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crosslinking agents of unsaturated polymers: evaluation of the agent efficiency (2002)

We have performed a comparison of efficacy of several curing agents. We have synthesized curing agents with C=C-bonds of allylic, acrylic or peroxide group type, as derivatives of pyromellitic acid: diallylic ester (I), tetraallylic ester (II), di-(2-methacryloyloxy-ethyl)pyromellitate (III), tetra-(2-methacryloyloxy-ethyl)pyromellitate (IV), ditert-butylperoxypyromellitate (V) and tetratert-butylperoxypyromellitate (VI). The possibility to use these agents for curing an unsaturated film-forming copolymer which contains polybutadiene fragments was investigated. The unsaturated curing agents (I–IV) are able to form crosslinked copolymers in the presence of peroxide initiators such as benzoyl peroxide. The gelation process orders as well as the values of the effective activation energies for all curing agents studied have been determined. In the presence of curing agents of methacrylic type (III–IV) the crosslinking proceeds more rapidly than in the presence of allylic esters. Unsaturated curing agents containing carboxylic groups (I, III) promote faster formation of three-dimensional structures than tetra-substituted derivatives of pyromellitic acid. For curing agents of the peroxide type the inverse relation is observed. The hardness of films obtained using carboxylic curing agents is higher than for noncarboxylic ones. Films obtained in the presence of unsaturated curing agents exhibit higher hardness than those obtained in the presence of peroxide agents.
A Simple Image Coding by Projection of Principal Component in Segmented Color Areas (2003)

This paper proposes a simple color image coding method using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in the segmented color areas. A color image is segmented in the CIELAB color space based on the human perception. In the clustered color area, the chroma a* and b* look to be strongly correlated with lightness L*, and this tendency becomes remarkable by the segmentation. After the segmentation, each cluster is characterized by PCA. The segmented image is labeled with the class number. Since the class number is denoted by an integer value with narrow range but represents the segment color, it is compressed by the conventional loss-less coding. The coded class number is transmitted with the first Principal Component (PC) parameters. Because one set of PC parameters (eigen vector and centroid vector) is transmitted corresponding to each class, it takes small memory capacity. The chroma values of each pixel are approximately reproduced by the projection of first PC onto a*-b* plane along the first PC axis defined by eigen vectors. The first PC value on eigen vector axis mainly carries the lightness information with high resolution. It must be transmitted every pixel and compressed by the conventional Wavelet coding. After restoring the lightness L* from first PC, the full color image is reproduced by combining the estimated chroma components (a*, b*). This paper discusses the coding efficiency and the color reproduction error in relation to the segmented class number.
Charles S. Wainwright: The Development of Loyal Dissent from 1861-1865 (2013)

Charles S Wainwright had participated in all three days of battle at Gettysburg. He witnessed his close friend and compatriot General Reynolds struck down on the first day. On July 5th, 1863, Wainwright traveled to what would later be known as Pickett’s Charge. Upon seeing the battlefield scattered with the bodies of the dead and smelling the stench of bloat, he lamented: “There was about an acre or so of ground here where you could not walk without stepping over the bodies, and I saw perhaps a dozen cases where they were heaped [sic] one on top of the other”. Two months after the Battle of Gettysburg, Wainwright reflected on those fateful days in July and the causes of this “vile” war. Sitting in his tent near the Culpeper Courthouse on the Rappahannock, Wainwright attempted to understand how abolition had come to dominate the Union war aims and why so many men had perished for the freedom of blacks. The radicals of Congress, Wainwright wrote, “did not want to see the Union restored without the abolition of slavery”. He believed that abolition was a stance taken by a select few “who had negro on the brain”. Wainwright was bitter that his men and others had died for those he believed to be inferior to the white race. He was positive that President Lincoln had been heavily influenced by the Radical abolitionists. This was, according to Wainwright, a calculated plan to win over the masses of the Union and coerce them into favoring emancipation. Tirades against African Americans and the Lincoln Administration came to dominate his thought. Believing that Lincoln was no longer waging war just for the Union, Wainwright became conflicted. His representation of racial stereotypes and changing purpose of his diary revealed a simmering anger towards the Lincoln Administration and African Americans, yet he continued to fight for the Union. Forced into continued service by the cultural paradigms of Victorianism, Wainwright put his life in peril for a cause that no longer aligned with his political values. Wainwright clung to battle because resigning was not a choice. Cowardice and desertion were unforgiveable offenses that hurt not only the man but his family as well. Apart from this, Wainwright’s attachment to his duty and role as a head of household necessitated his continued participation in the war. Yet, despite his anger with the war, Wainwright fought valiantly. [excerpt]
Marie-4: a high-recall, self-improving Web crawler that finds images using captions (2002)

Marie-4, an intelligent software agent-based Web crawler and caption filter, searches the Web to find image captions and the associated image objects. It uses a broad set of criteria to yield higher recall than competing systems, which generally focus on high precision.
ION-EXCHANGE SEPARATION OF KILOCURIE QUANTITIES OF HIGH PURITY PROMETHIUM. (1966)

thus reducing resin radiolysis to an acceptable level. The promethium was recovered, radiochemically pure, in three fractions. The heart'' fraction, 13,000 curies, was 99% pure; the only contaminants being traces of neodymium and samarium. The second fraction, 3100 curies, contained 88% promethium, 1% samarium and 11% neodymium. The third fraction, 4600 curies, was 55%, promethium, 24% samarium and 21% neodymium. The equipment and the operating conditions are described. The operating features of a full scale plant based upon the process are briefly noted. (auth)
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Bacterial-derived uracil as a modulator of mucosal immunity and gut-microbe homeostasis in Drosophila. (2013)

All metazoan guts are subjected to immunologically unique conditions in which an efficient antimicrobial system operates to eliminate pathogens while tolerating symbiotic commensal microbiota. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling this process are only partially understood. Here, we show that bacterial-derived uracil acts as a ligand for dual oxidase (DUOX)-dependent reactive oxygen species generation in Drosophila gut and that the uracil production in bacteria causes inflammation in the gut. The acute and controlled uracil-induced immune response is required for efficient elimination of bacteria, intestinal cell repair, and host survival during infection of nonresident species. Among resident gut microbiota, uracil production is absent in symbionts, allowing harmonious colonization without DUOX activation, whereas uracil release from opportunistic pathobionts provokes chronic inflammation. These results reveal that bacteria with distinct abilities to activate uracil-induced gut inflammation, in terms of intensity and duration, act as critical factors that determine homeostasis or pathogenesis in gut-microbe interactions.Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. PMID: 23663779
Gastrointestinal Complications following Cardiac Surgery: A Comprehensive Review (2010)

GI complications are rare events, but early diagnosis is essential. Unfortunately few of the risk factors we have defined are specific and are often indicators of ill patients. A low threshold to initiate laboratory evaluation and/or imaging studies should be employed if a patient shows signs of deviating from the normal course following cardiac surgery.
Smart Client Based on CN/GNSS for Urban Congestion Charging (2009)

While the demand for automobiles is growing in every city around the world, traffic congestion and air-pollution caused by CO2 emitted by car fumes in urban areas is becoming very serious. A road pricing system is viewed as one useful solution to this issue. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) successfully developed the first fully multilane free flow electronic road pricing (ERP) system in the world. The system has proved capable of controlling traffic and reducing congestion even if the number of vehicles in an urban area increases. While DSRC has been main stream in building ERP systems so far, recently CN/GNSS has been spotlighted as next generation ERP system because it is free from constraints of road structures and does not need a gantry structure. Especially in Europe, the standardization of CN/GNSS for road pricing has progressed. To further diffuse road pricing systems around the world, MHI also has been researching and developing new generation ERP systems. In this report, MHI introduces a smart client Onboard Unit (OBU) as the key component of such a system.
Present and Future Geologic Applications of Petrographic and Other Image Analysis (1991)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
SWAG Injectivity Behavior Based on Siri Field Data (2002)

Abstract Injection of water and gas in combination, in most cases injected in an alternating scheme (WAG), is one of the most successful IOR methods applied in the North Sea. Simultaneous water and gas injection (SWAG) has so far gained less experience. Simulations show in general an IOR potential of the same magnitude as WAG. Field limitations may in some cases be in favor of SWAG injection. The main contributions to increased recovery come from improved sweep, oil swelling and reduced residual oil saturation. SWAG has recently been implemented on the Siri Field on the Danish Continental Shelf and represents the first reported full field application of its kind in the North Sea. The associated produced gas is mixed with injection water at the wellhead, and injected as a two-phase mixture. The Siri Field has performed SWAG injection from the production start in 1999. SWAG injection on Siri and experiences has previously been reported1. Reservoir studies predict field recovery improvements with combined water and gas injection. Injection of a two-phase mixture of water and gas represents some new challenges. One relates to injectivity. Combined water and gas injection may result in lower injectivity than for single-phase injection. Injectivity is therefore important in connection with practical implementation of SWAG. A discussion of injectivity behaviour and interpretation of Siri data will be presented. For the Siri Field, hydraulic fracturing of the injectors proved unavoidable due to unexpected low permeability in the injection zone. Above the fracturing pressure, the injectivity can be strongly dependent on the gas fraction of the injection mixture.
PALLIATIVE RESECTION FOR CARCINOMA OF THE ESOPHAGUS (1953)

IN SPITE of the gratifying progress which has been made in the surgical treatment of carcinoma of the esophagus during the past few decades, the incidence of resectability and consequent curability remains pitifully low. This is reflected by the recorded experience of numerous observers. Thus, in a collected series of 794 cases compiled in 1947, exploration was done in only 26.3% and resection in only 14.5%1Our own experience at that time with 200 cases was not much different.1Although somewhat higher figures have since been recorded, they are not strikingly better. In a collected series of 1,377 cases reported during the past five years, the incidence of resectability was 32%.2Moreover, in a high proportion of these cases with resection the operative procedure was admittedly not curative, since the lesion had already extended beyond the confines of the esophagus. The results obtained for lesions involving the
Production of biotin by yeasts (1986)

A quantitative screening procedure for biotin and biotin vitamer production was conducted on 129 yeast strains able to grow in a biotin‐free medium. Production of biotin and biotin vitamers varied considerably from strain to strain even within a species. The best producers of biotin were strains of Sporobolomyces roseus and Rhodotorula rubra whilst strains of Rhodotorula rubra and Yarrowia lipolytica produced the largest amounts of vitamers.
Regulation of eosinophil migration by adult T cell leukemia-derived factor (1994)

Adult T cell leukemia-derived factor (ADF), originally defined as an IL-2 receptor alpha-chain (IL-2R alpha)/p55 (Tac) inducer, is a human thioredoxin homologue and has many cytokine-like activities. In this study, we examined the regulatory effect of ADF on eosinophil migration using human eosinophils and an eosinophilic subline of HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells, YY-1. rADF induced migration of eosinophils from patients with hypereosinophilia, although rADF exhibited little activity on eosinophils from healthy donors. When human eosinophils were incubated with rADF (0.1-10 micrograms/ml) at 37 degrees C for 24 h, both chemotactic and chemokinetic activity of the complement anaphylatoxin peptide C5a on eosinophil migration was markedly enhanced in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, this enhancing effect of rADF was observed in the migration assay using YY-1 cells. In contrast, rADF showed no modulation of migratory behavior of human eosinophils and YY-1 cells by IL-3, IL-5, nor granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Scatchard analysis of C5a receptors on YY-1 cells using 125I-C5a showed that rADF modulated neither the density nor the affinity of the cell membrane significantly. Furthermore, mutant ADF (mADF), which had no reducing activity, had no enhancing effect on C5a-induced eosinophil migration. These results indicate a possible involvement of ADF in the recruitment of eosinophils through redox regulation by a dithiol reductase activity.
Subspace methods for computational relighting (2013)

We propose a vector space approach for relighting a Lambertian convex object with distant light source, whose crucial task is the decomposition of the reflectance function into albedos (or reflection coefficients) and lightings based on a set of images of the same object and its 3-D model. Making use of the fact that reflectance functions are well approximated by a low-dimensional linear subspace spanned by the first few spherical harmonics, this inverse problem can be formulated as a matrix factorization, in which the basis of the subspace is encoded in the spherical harmonic matrix <i>S</i>. A necessary and sufficient condition on <i>S</i> for unique factorization is derived with an introduction to a new notion of matrix rank called nonseparable full rank. An SVD-based algorithm for exact factorization in the noiseless case is introduced. In the presence of noise, the algorithm is slightly modified by incorporating the positivity of albedos into a convex optimization problem. Implementations of the proposed algorithms are done on a set of synthetic data.
Transition vitreuse et hétérogénéités dynamiques dans les liquides moléculaires et les polymères (2009)

Trying to understand the reasons of the viscous slowing down of the dynamics while approaching the glass transition temperature, we used temperature, pressure, length of the chains in the case of polymeric systems or mixtures as complementary external parameters to influence glass transition. In this work, we studied length scales associated to dynamical heterogeneities near the glass transition in parallel to the properties of the supercooled liquid and the glass they form. New experiments performed in the last decade enabled to prove the heterogeneous character of the dynamics in supercooled liquids : regions both faster and slower than the average system exist in the liquid. The size of these regions, usually called dynamical heterogeneities, should increase when the system is cooled, and it might explain the dramatic increase of the relaxation time of the system. We use in this work a new approach with multi-points susceptibilities to get a number of dynamically correlated molecules. We show that this number is increasing in a similar way for various molecular liquids. Studying two systems over more than 15 decades in time, we propose a normalisation by the high temperature behavior of the systems in order to compare them more easily at the glass transition temperature. We also obtain an the pressure dependance of the number of correlated molecules along the glass transition line, which can be rationalized by studying the relative influence of density and temperature contributions to the dynamics. In a second part we apply this new approach to an other class of systems : polymer melts that have a behavior very similar to that of molecular liquids close to the glass transition. For these systems, we study some properties of the glassy state and their sensitivity to the length of the chain of the polymer, in particular in the idea of comparing them with the fragility. We show that the correlations between the temperature dependence of the mean squared displacement near Tg, the amplitude of the Boson peak, or the temperature dependence of the nonergodicity factor and fragility do seem to work well only at atmospheric pressure while comparing dfferent molecular liquids. In the case of studies using mixtures, or pressure or different chain lengths for polymers, the correlations do not seem to hold. Polystyrene's fragility is for example very much inuenced by the chain length while it seems not to be the case for the other properties we have been interested in. The chain length or composition dependence of the fragility seems to be completely independent of the one of the fast dynamics. It could explain the systematic failure of the correlations we find.
2.5D Visual Relationship Detection (2021)

Visual 2.5D perception involves understanding the semantics and geometry of a scene through reasoning about object relationships with respect to the viewer in an environment. However, existing works in visual recognition primarily focus on the semantics. To bridge this gap, we study 2.5D visual relationship detection (2.5VRD), in which the goal is to jointly detect objects and predict their relative depth and occlusion relationships. Unlike general VRD, 2.5VRD is egocentric, using the camera's viewpoint as a common reference for all 2.5D relationships. Unlike depth estimation, 2.5VRD is object-centric and not only focuses on depth. To enable progress on this task, we create a new dataset consisting of 220k human-annotated 2.5D relationships among 512K objects from 11K images. We analyze this dataset and conduct extensive experiments including benchmarking multiple state-of-the-art VRD models on this task. Our results show that existing models largely rely on semantic cues and simple heuristics to solve 2.5VRD, motivating further research on models for 2.5D perception. The new dataset is available at https://github.com/google-research-datasets/2.5vrd.
Studies of some of the Myxobacteria isolated from soils of the Tucson area (1956)

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Liner materials for direct electrodeposition of Cu (2003)

We identified a family of materials which can be directly electroplated with Cu in acidic plating baths commonly found in the microelectronics industry. Details are presented illustrating a number of important properties of the electroplated Cu/linear material system. These include the adhesion of the plated film to liner material, the recrystallization behavior of the plated film, the texture of the plated film, and the resistivity of the plated film after high-temperature anneals. Finally, an example is presented illustrating the direct plating of Cu across an 8 in. wafer without the use of a Cu seed layer.
Time-Invariant Characteristics of Naval Power-Line Channels (2012)

In this paper, time-invariant characteristics of power-line communications (PLC) channels in ships are evidenced. A multiport channel model derived from transmission-line theory is used to investigate the frequency response under various loading conditions. The time-invariant power-line channel in ships is mainly due to the low impedance of parallel cables attached to the switchboard acting as an electrical node. Based on a statistical analysis, the time variance of the channel response is more sensitive to the number of branches than the length of branches. The evaluation of the number of branches that guarantees the time-invariant behavior of a power-line channel in ships has been carried out using nonlinear least mean square estimation. As a result, the time-invariant PLC channels of the multibranch power network in ships mitigate the channel estimation for coherent demodulation in a communication system.
Studies on Pillaromycin A. V. The X-Ray Analysis of Pillaronone Monobromoacetate (1970)

In order to confirm the chemical and stereochemical structure of pillaronone, a derivative of the aglycone obtained from pillaromycin A, an X-ray analysis of its monobromoacetate has been carried out. Pillaronone monobromoacetate crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group P212121-D42, with four molecules of C22H19O6Br in a unit cell. Application of a three-dimensional Patterson superposition method facilitated the elucidation of the structure which is given in formula (I). The final R-value was 0.133. The absolute configuration was determined using the anomalous dispersion of the bromine atom. The molecular structure in the crystal was also discussed.
Cephamycins, a New Family of β-Lactam Antibiotics. IV. In Vivo Studies (1972)

Cephamycin A was found to be more active in vivo than cephamycin B. In comparison with cephamycin C, cephamycin A was more active against gram-positive organisms but less active against gram-negative organisms. Given subcutaneously, cephamycin C had good in vivo gram-negative activity, comparing favorably with cephalothin and cephaloridine against cephalosporin-susceptible organisms. In general, against the gram-negative organisms, it was more active than cephalothin or cephalosporin C and about as active as cephaloridine. In addition, cephamycin C protected mice against beta-lactamase-producing Proteus cultures, including clinically isolated strains. The compound is remarkably nontoxic. Cephamycin C was detected in the serum and recovered from the urine of treated mice to about the same extent as cephaloridine. Like cephaloridine and cephalosporin C, cephamycin C must be excreted mainly by glomerular filtration, because the use of probenecid did not enhance the therapeutic effectiveness nor concentrations of these agents in the sera of treated mice.