gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Critical issues on the assessment of laser-induced damage thresholds of fluoride multilayer coatings at 193 nm (2000)

Optimization of deposition technologies improves the laser resistivity of fluoride multilayer coatings at wavelengths as short as 193 nm.
DC impedance modelling of a MMC-HVDC system for DC voltage ripple prediction under a single-line-to-ground fault (2014)

This paper investigates the prediction of the second order dc voltage ripple in a modular multilevel converter (MMC) based point-to-point high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) system when the rectifier station suffers a single-line-to-ground (SLG) fault. Under this unbalanced condition, the second order dc voltage ripple will transfer to the healthy inverter station and can lead to a potential output voltage distortion. To accurately predict the dc voltage ripple distribution, the equivalent dc side impedances of the MMC inverter station with and without circulating current control are derived separately. It is shown that the MMC inverter station can be regarded as a series connected R-L-C branch in both cases, and the branch values are independent of the adopted current and power control schemes. In addition, long cables with small capacitance and large inductance help to mitigate the voltage ripple in the inverter station. The circulating current control, acting as an active resistance, effectively damps the possible resonance around 120 Hz between the dc cable and the MMC inverter. However, due to the higher equivalent dc impedance, the amplitude of the 2nd order dc voltage ripple in the inverter station is increased. Simulation results from a MMC based HVDC system, and experimental results from a three-phase MMC inverter are provided to support the theoretical analysis.
Angioplasty induces epigenomic remodeling in injured arteries (2022)

Neointimal hyperplasia/proliferation (IH) is the primary etiology of vascular stenosis. Epigenomic studies concerning IH have been largely confined to in vitro models, and IH-underlying epigenetic mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study integrates information from in vivo epigenomic mapping, conditional knockout, gene transfer and pharmacology in rodent models of IH. The data from injured (IH-prone) rat arteries revealed a surge of genome-wide occupancy by histone-3 lysine-27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), a gene-repression mark. This was unexpected in the traditional view of prevailing post-injury gene activation rather than repression. Further analysis illustrated a shift of H3K27me3 enrichment to anti-proliferative genes, from pro-proliferative genes where gene-activation mark H3K27ac(acetylation) accumulated instead. H3K27ac and its reader BRD4 (bromodomain protein) co-enriched at <i>Ezh2</i>; conditional BRD4 knockout in injured mouse arteries reduced H3K27me3 and its writer EZH2, which positively regulated another pro-IH chromatin modulator UHRF1. Thus, results uncover injury-induced loci-specific H3K27me3 redistribution in the epigenomic landscape entailing BRD4→EZH2→UHRF1 hierarchical regulations. Given that these players are pharmaceutical targets, further research may help improve treatments of IH.
Atopic disease, immune system, and the environment (2007)

Raised prevalence of allergic respiratory diseases observed in the last 20 years seems to be associated with changes of environment and lifestyle, which favor a delayed acquisition of Th1 function in childhood. The purpose of this study is to review recent knowledge concerning the developing human immune system and its interaction with external environmental factors for a better understanding of the changing faces of allergic diseases through infancy and childhood in the allergy-prone individual.
Impact of Sodium Sulfite (E221) on Chronic Allograft Vasculopathy in Mice (2012)

Introduction: The food preservative sodium sulfite (E221) has recently been shown to abrogate Th-1-type induced indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity in vitro. However, it's influence on IDO-mediated allograft survival in vivo remain unclear. Here we studied the effects of E221 on IDO mediated tryptophan degradation and chronic allograft vasculopathy in a murine aortic transplant model. Material and methods: C57BL/6 mice received BALB/c vascular allografts (no treatment, group 1). Recipients were either treated with sodium sulfite (0.1 mol i.p. daily; group 2) or sodium sulfate (0.1 M i.p. daily; group 3). Untreated (group 1) and syngeneic (group 4) transplants served as controls. Serum enzyme activity of IDO was analyzed by HPLC. Histopathology (H&E, Elastica van Gieson) and Immunohistochemistry (for smA, CD4, CD8, Foxp3, IDO) of allografts was performed at pod 50 and 100. Results: C57BL/6 mice receiving BALB/c vascular allografts (group 1) displayed increased IDO activity over the entire observation period (pod 5 - 100) and vessels showed distinct signs of chronic allograft vasculopahty (neointima proliferation, endothelial damage) when compared to syngeneic controls (p< 0.05). Sodium sulfite treatment (group 2) significantly suppressed IDO activity, tryptophan degradation and hence kynurenine formation (p< 0.05). Furthermore, sodium sulfite treated animals showed significantly higher rejection scores when compared to sodium sulfate (group 3) treated animals (p< 0.05). Discussion: This study provides first in vivo evidence that sodium sulfite inhibits IDO-mediated tryptophan catabolism and thereby aggravates chronic allograft vasculopathy in a murine aortic transplant model.
Damage Localization for Structural Health Monitoring Using Retrospective Cost Model Refinement (2010)

Peer Reviewed
Line narrowing and modulation bandwidth of a laser diode with strong optical feedback from a nearby external reflector (1994)

Using the optical and carrier rate equations, the linewidth and modulation transfer function (MTF) of a diode laser having strong optical feedback are calculated. Single-mode operation with a line-narrowing factor of 20 and flattened MTF are predicted in a simple external cavity of optical length equal to that of the laser cavity, and line-narrowing factors in the hundreds in the highest gain mode in compound external cavity lasers in which the external cavity`s optical length is 10 times the laser`s. The limit of validity of the optical rate equation implies a trade-off between line-narrowing and bandwidth.
The Early Region of the DNA of Bacteriophage T7 (1972)

RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli transcribes on T7 DNA in vitro and in vivo a polycistronic messenger RNA of 2.2 × 10 6 molecular weight. This mRNA contains the information for synthesis of T7‐phage RNA polymerase, ligase and lysozyme as was demonstrated by enzyme synthesis in vitro , using the RNA synthesized in vitro as template. Bystudying the kinetics of synthesis of these enzymes in vitro and the ultraviolet‐irradiation sensitivity of enzymesynthesis rates in vivo , the location of the genes on the DNA was estimated. Phage RNA polymerase is encoded within the first half of the mRNA molecule. The information for ligase ends at approximately 5500 nucleotides (1.7 × 106 mol wt.) and the information for lysozyme is close to the 3′‐end of the mRNA. The genes for T7 RNA polymerase and ligase are transcribed by the host RNA polymerase (early region), whereas the genes for endonuclease (gene 3) and for lysozyme are read by E. coli RNA polymerase and by T7‐phage RNA polymerase (early/late region). The DNA beyond the termination signal for host RNA polymerase is transcribed by T7‐phage RNA polymerase in the late phase (late region). Genetic mapping of mutants in the ligase and in the lysozyme genes confirm the data obtained by enzyme synthesis in vitro.
Syntheses and Biological Activities of 3-Fluoropropionic Acid Derivatives and Related Compounds (1988)

3.Fluoropropionates, 3.fluoropropyl ethers, fluorinated homomevalonolactone and related compounds were synthesized, and bioassayed on the silkworm, Bombyx mori, and the housefly, Muscu domestica. A number of 3.fluoropropionates showed moderate acute toxicity against both B. mori and M. domestica, and 3-fluoropropyl ethers at high doses showed insecticidal activity against B. mori. No acute toxicity was found for fluorinated homomevalonolactone, but weak inhibition of pupation, None of the compounds produced clear anti-juvenile hormone activity on B. moth.
Wound problems due to zinc deficiency (2004)

Zinc deficiency, though uncommon, can occasionally present in current medical practice. A 4.5-year-old boy with previous gastrointestinal surgery presented with diarrhoea, disinterest and dermatitis affecting the face and perineum. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of a low serum zinc level. Administration of parenteral zinc led to rapid improvement in diarrhoea, demeanor and dermatitis. Further surgery was then undertaken, surgery had been postponed until normalisation of zinc levels due the association between zinc deficiency and poor postoperative wound healing.
Detection of multiple forms of G<sub>iα</sub> in HL60 cells (1987)

Comparison of cDNA sequences from multiple sources predicts a genus of highly homologous but structurally distinct G protein alpha-subunits, designated as Gi alpha, that may include the alpha-subunit of the functionally defined adenylate cyclase inhibitory G protein. Using specific oligonucleotide probes on Northern blots, we show that Gi alpha-2 and Gi alpha-3, but not Gi alpha-1, are expressed in HL60 cells. Antisera raised against synthetic peptides from regions predicted to be conserved (AS6) and divergent (LE3) among Gi alpha subtypes bind to a 40 kDa protein in Western blots of HL60 membranes. AS6 identifies an additional protein at 41 kDa. Thus, Northern blot and immunoblot results show that at least two Gi alpha subtypes, a 40 kDa protein likely to correspond to Gi alpha-2 and a 41 kDa protein possibly representing Gi alpha-3, may be expressed in a single cell type.
Fast–rise brake lamp as a collision–prevention device (1993)

Conventional tungsten–filament brake lamps have a relatively slow rise time. It takes approximately 250 ms for them to reach 90% of their asymptotic luminous intensity. This slowness of response can cause important delays of warning information to following drivers. We have designed a simple and relatively inexpensive circuit that produces a faster warning signal using a conventional lamp. As we have reported previously, this device reduces reaction times to the onset of brake lamps by about 115 ms. The present study evaluated the benefits of a 115 ms reduction in driver brake reaction time. Two approaches were used. In the first approach we calculated the reductions in effective stopping distance assuming a range of initial speeds. The results indicate, for example, that if the initial speed is 100 km/h. the reduction in the effective stopping distance is 3–2 m. In the second approach we calculated the reductions in the proportions of very long reaction times, assuming a normal distribution of reaction times that is shifted by 115 ms. For the distribution without the device we assumed a mean of 1·25 s and a standard deviation of 0·46 s. The results indicate, for example, that decreasing the mean by 115 ms yields a 55% reduction in the frequency of reaction times that are longer than 2·5 s.
Cyclization via isomerization: a palladium(2+)-catalyzed carbocyclization of 1,6-enynes to 1,3- and 1,4-dienes (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclization via isomerization: a palladium(2+)-catalyzed carbocyclization of 1,6-enynes to 1,3- and 1,4-dienesBarry M. Trost and Mark LautensCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 6, 1781–1783Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1985https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00292a065RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1965Altmetric-Citations157LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (392 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Ghrelin promotes astrocytoma cell invasion via functional growth hormone secretagogue receptors (GHS-R), and regulates leptin induced MCP-1 expression (2004)

1956 Ghrelin, a recently discovered stomach derived hormone, is an endogenous ligand for growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) and is a potent stimulator of pituitary GH release, food intake and plays a critical role in adipogenesis. Obesity has now been identified as a major risk factor in development of many cancers, but the role of obesity–related hormones such as ghrelin in tumors of CNS origin is currently unknown. Our initial studies focused on the presence and functionality of GHS-R on CCF-STTG1, U-87, U-118 and SW1008 human astrocytoma cells. Real time PCR analysis revealed the presence of GHS-R1a, as well as leptin receptor (Ob-R) mRNA and protein in all of our astrocytoma cell lines. Upon treatment of these tumor cells with ghrelin, the GHS-R was found to colocalize with Rac, within the membrane ruffles on the leading edge of cells, and also consistently increased cell motility. In addition, ligations of GHS-R with ghrelin led to the release of Ca2+ from its intracellular stores. To specifically investigate and assign a functional role for ghrelin receptors in astrocytoma cells, we designed an siRNA against the coding region of GHS-R 1a. Knockdown of ghrelin receptors by siRNA led to a significant inhibition of invasion in cells lacking GHS-R, as compared to a scrambled control siRNA sequence. Further, ghrelin-induced invasion was significantly inhibited by siRNA against GHS-R1a, suggesting that ghrelin might function through the GHS-R 1a receptors in human astrocytoma cells. Given the apparent mutually antagonistic effects of ghrelin and the anorexigenic hormone, leptin, in hypothalamus, the potential regulatory role of these hormones in controlling cytokine and chemokine expression was also examined. Ghrelin exerted no effect on basal or IL-1 stimulated, IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 secretion from CCFSTTG1 cell. Interestingly, leptin increased MCP-1 mRNA and protein in these cells, and ghrelin significantly inhibited leptin-induced MCP-1 expression and secretion without affecting IL-6 and IL-8 expression. In addition, leptin was found to regulate ghrelin’s actions by attenuating the expression of GHS-R, while ghrelin in turn inhibited Ob-R expression in astrocytoma cells. Interestingly,. Further, GHS-R 1a and Ob-R were found to be expressed in different grades of human astrocytoma tumors derived from right and left frontal as well as occipital lobes of brain. Our findings demonstrate a novel role for the hormone peptides ghrelin and leptin in astrocytoma cell function. This autoregulatory hormonal feedback loop may play a role in tumor progression within astrocytoma cells.
The dark side of a success story: microRNAs of the C19MC cluster in human tumours (2012)

MicroRNAs are a class of macromolecules of rapidly emerging significance for the pathogenesis of numerous human diseases, including cancer. Moreover, many of them hold great promise as valid biomarkers because of their high extracellular stability. Chromosome 19 harbours the largest cluster of microRNA genes known so far, which has developed in a very short time during mammalian evolution. Thus, in terms of evolution, gain of this cluster is an apparent success story. Nevertheless, we know very little about how functions of its microRNAs have contributed to this success and apparently, at least some of them can turn from Jekyll into Hyde and contribute to tumourigenesis. Recent work published in the Journal of Pathology by Fornari and colleagues, addressed here, reveals how members of that cluster are involved in the molecular pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinomas.
O4‐05‐02: Tau‐induced defects in hippocampal neuroplasticity, learning and memory are reversible in a regulatable transgenic mouse model (2010)

We generated inducible transgenic mice that express the repeat domain of human Tau protein in two forms, differing in their propensity for beta-structure and thus in their tendency for aggregation in the brain ("pro-aggregant" or “anti-aggregant” mice; Mocanu et al., J Neurosci 2008). Only the pro-aggregant mice show pronounced changes typical for Tau pathology in AD (missorting, hyperphosphorylation, aggregation, synaptic and neuronal loss), whereas anti-aggregant TauRD mice did not. This indicates that the ability to aggregate is a key factor in the disease. However, the biochemical and histological characterization of the TauRD mice left the question unanswered, whether the changes in Tau affect parameters such as neuromotor parameters, behavior, learning and memory, and synaptic plasticity. Therefore, we addressed this issue and extended the time span of the switch-off period (after development of pathology) to observe the recovery. Both groups of transgenic mice ("pro-aggregant" and "anti-aggregant") are normal in neuromotor tests. However, pro-aggregant TauRD mice are strongly impaired in memory tests (Morris water maze and Passive avoidance) and show pronounced loss of LTP in the CA1 and especially in the CA3-region of the hippocampus; suggesting that Tau aggregation specifically perturbs these brain functions. Remarkably, when the expression of exogenous pro-aggregant TauRD is switched on for ˜10 months and then off for 4-5 months, memory and LTP recover to normal levels, whereas aggregation decreases only moderately, neuronal loss persists; however, synapses are partially rescued. This argues that the continuous expression of pro-aggregant TauRD represents a toxic insult, rather than the aggregates as such. Furthermore, the persistent aggregates consist entirely of normal endogenous mouse Tau, implying that Tau aggregates are in dynamic equilibrium with their subunits and can turn over, and that foci of aggregation - once formed by the nucleating species (human pro-aggregant mutant TauRD) - retain their nucleating capacity for endogenous mouse Tau long after the nucleating species has disappeared.
Helix Packing in the Sucrose Permease of Escherichia coli: Properties of Engineered Charge Pairs between Helixes VII and XI (1995)

Of four putative intramembrane charge pairs in lactose permease, only three are conserved in the homologous sucrose permease of Escherichia coli [Bockmann, J., Heuel, H., & Lengeler, J. W. (1992) Mol. Gen. Genet. 235, 22-32]. The missing charge pair was introduced into wild-type sucrose permease by site-directed mutagenesis of Asn234 (helix VII) and Ser356 (helix XI). Individual replacement of either residue with a charged amino acid abolishes active sucrose transport with the exception of the Asn234-->Asp mutant. However, simultaneous replacement of Asn234 with Asp or Glu and Ser356 with Arg or Lys results in high activity. Thus, an acidic residue at position 234 rescues the activity of the Ser356-->Arg or Ser356-->Lys mutant, and a basic residue at position 356 rescues the activity of the Asn234-->Glu mutant. Furthermore, when expressed at a relatively low rate, the double mutant Asn234-->Asp/Ser356-->Arg is present in the membrane in a significantly greater amount than wild-type, suggesting that the charge pair improves insertion of sucrose permease into the membrane. The results indicate that helices VII and XI of sucrose permease are in close proximity and that a charge pair interaction can be established between residues 234 (helix VII) and 356 (helix XI). However, interchange of the acidic residue at position 234 with the basic residue at position 356 abolishes sucrose transport.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cross‐linked collagen sponges loaded with plant polyphenols with inhibitory activity towards chronic wound enzymes (2011)

Collagen sponges loaded with polyphenols from Hamamelis virginiana were investigated as active materials for chronic wound dressings, evaluating in vitro the inhibition of two major enzymes that impair the wound healing process - myeloperoxidase (MPO) and collagenase. Prior to polyphenols loading, collagen was cross-linked with genipin to improve its biostability. The effect of genipin cross-linking and polyphenol concentration in the development of mechanically and enzymatically stable sponges was studied. The tensile strength of the cross-linked collagen increased with the increase of the cross-linking degree, coupled to decrease in the elongation and the swelling capacity of the sponges. The stability of the sponges to collagenase digestion reached maximum when 1 mM genipin was used. However, the biostability decreased more than 10-fold after loading the sponges with polyphenols (0.5 mg/mL), nevertheless, this effect was partially overcome using higher concentration of polyphenols (1 and 2 mg/mL) to inhibit collagenase. Moreover, the polyphenols released from the sponges were sufficient for complete inhibition of MPO activity. No considerable cytotoxicity of the genipin cross-linked collagen loaded with polyphenols was observed evaluating the NIH 3T3 fibroblasts viability.
Synteesis of Certain C-4 Substituted Pyrazolo[3,4-b]-Pyridine Nucleosides Structurally Related to Adenosine and Inosine by Tee Sodiw Salt Glycosylation Procedure (1989)

Abstract Several C-4 substituted pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine nucleosides have been synthesized using the sodium salt glycosylation procedure and evaluated for their biological activity.
ET-1 induced alterations of hepatic microcirculation: sinusoidal and extrasinusoidal sites of action (1994)

Using epifluorescence microscopy, we investigated the dynamic changes in hepatic sinusoidal hemodynamics in vivo during continuous infusion of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. ET-1 was infused for 20 min at rates of 2 or 10 pmol/min either systemically or into the portal vein, followed by a 90-min recovery period. In contrast to systemic application of ET-1 that did not cause a consistent hepatic microvascular effect, we observed two different patterns of microcirculatory alterations during portal application. Infusion of 2 pmol/min elicited a rapid, reversible decrease in sinusoidal diameter that was paralleled by a slight increase in red cell velocity, resulting in conservation of volumetric flow and sinusoid density. Infusion of 10 pmol/min resulted in a biphasic narrowing followed by transient increase in sinusoidal diameter and a profound and lasting decrease in red cell velocity, leading to an almost complete cessation of hepatic microvascular blood flow. These results indicate that ET-1 is a potent constrictor in the liver microcirculation in vivo and acts at both extrasinusoidal and sinusoidal sites, although the sinusoidal sites appear to be more sensitive to lower concentrations.
Hydrogénolyse du cyclopentane sur nickel : catalyseurs Ni/SiO<sub>2</sub> et faces monocristallines (1978)

L'hydrogénolyse du cyclopentane a été effectuée d’une part sur deux types de catalyseurs Ni sur silice, montrant l'un des faces (111) exposées en surface, et l’autre aucune orientation préférentielle, et d’autre part, sur des faces mono-cristallines de Ni. Cette réaction est sensible à la structure du nickel, le catalyseur avec des faces (111) exposées ou la face monocristalline de Ni (111) ne présentant qu’une faible activité. Ce comportement particulier serait relié à l’adsorption difficile de cyclopentane sur cette face.