gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of ethanol on mitogen-activated protein kinase and stress-activated protein kinase cascades in normal and regenerating liver (1998)

To understand the mechanisms by which ethanol inhibits hepatocyte proliferation, we studied the effects of ethanol on p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in normal and regenerating rat liver. Treatment of rat hepatocytes with 100 mM ethanol in vitro for 16 h prolonged the activation of p42/44 MAPK and p38 MAPK induced by various agonists. Such treatment also increased basal JNK activity, but did not potentiate or prolong agonist-induced JNK activation. Ethanol potentiation of the activation of p42/44 MAPK was abolished by pertussis toxin. In contrast, chronic ethanol consumption in vivo inhibited the activation of p42/44 MAPK, p38 MAPK and JNK induced either by partial hepatectomy or by various agonists. However, both acute and chronic ethanol inhibited hepatocyte proliferation induced by insulin and epidermal growth factor. A selective inhibitor of p42/44 MAPK partially prevented the inhibition of hepatocyte proliferation caused by acute, but not by chronic, ethanol exposure, whereas a selective inhibitor of p38 MAPK further inhibited hepatocyte proliferation under both conditions. These data suggest that acute and chronic ethanol inhibit hepatocyte proliferation by different mechanisms. The effect of acute ethanol may be related to the prolongation of p42/44 MAPK activation, whereas inhibition of hepatocyte proliferation by chronic ethanol may be due to inhibition of p38 MAPK activation.
The Lack of Causality between Asbestos and Colorectal Cancer (1995)

To evaluate a potential causal relationship between asbestos exposure and the risk of colorectal cancer, 30 cohort studies published in English were reviewed and analyzed. The latest report of each cohort up through 1993 was used. The outcome measure was the standardized morbidity (incidence) or mortality ratio (SMR). Summary SMRs were examined by type of cohort registration, type of work, type of asbestos, latency from onset of exposure to period of risk, and incidence only. The overall relative risk was 0.99 for all 30 studies. The evidence does not meet the important criteria for a judgment of causality because the relative risk is not consistently elevated, weak in the two studies with a statistically significant elevation of SMR, and limited data do not support a dose-response relationship.
Statistical characterizations of spatiotemporal patterns generated in the Swift–Hohenberg model (2005)

Two families of statistical measures are used for quantitative characterization of nonequilibrium patterns and their evolution. The first quantifies the disorder in labyrinthine patterns, and captures features like the domain size, defect density, variations in wave number, etc. The second class of characteristics can be used to quantify the disorder in more general nonequilibrium structures, including those observed during domain growth. The presence of distinct stages of relaxation in spatiotemporal dynamics under the Swift-Hohenberg equation is analyzed using both classes of measures.
Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Higher Normal Paraffins to Linear Olefins (1970)

The availability of higher (C6+) normal paraffins at low cost has stimulated study of the direct dehydrogenation of such paraffins to the corresponding normal monoolefins. The olefins produced in this way are mainly internal olefins, but they are nevertheless useful for industrial applications. The catalysts so far investigated require that modest levels of conversions (~10 to 15%) be employed to permit reasonable levels of selectivity towards monoolefin formation. Side reactions encountered in the catalytic dehydrogenation of higher normal paraffins include cracking, skeletal isomerization, formation of polyunsaturates and aromatics, and coking. Results are presented on several catalyst systems including molybdena-alumina, chromia-alumina, platinum-alumina, and carbonaceous catalysts. The highest selectivities were achieved with platinum-low acidity alumina compositions.
NMR study of a heterochiral DNA: stable Watson-Crick-type base-pairing between the enantiomeric residues (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNMR study of a heterochiral DNA: stable Watson-Crick-type base-pairing between the enantiomeric residuesHidehito Urata, Yoshiaki Ueda, Hiroshi Suhara, Eiko Nishioka, and Masao AkagiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 21, 9852–9853Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00074a083https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00074a083research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views141Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Conversion of unpolarized light to polarized light with greater than 50% efficiency by photorefractive two-beam coupling (2000)

All known polarizers operate through a separation of orthogonal electric field components, one of which is subsequently discarded. As a result, 50% of the unpolarized incident light is wasted in the process of conversion to polarized light. We demonstrate a new method by which we use the optical power in the ordinarily discarded component as the pump to amplify the retained component through photorefractive two-beam coupling to achieve greater than 50% throughput.
Fuel-optimal retrothrust control programs for propulsive soft-landing maneuvers in the presence of drag (1969)

Fuel-optimal retrothrust control compared to acceleration-type for terminal efficiency of propulsive soft landing planetary mission
A Framework for Point-to-Multipoint MPLS in Transport Networks (2014)

The Multiprotocol Label Switching Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) is the
common set of MPLS protocol functions defined to enable the
construction and operation of packet transport networks. The MPLS-TP
supports both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint transport paths.
This document defines the elements and functions of the MPLS-TP
architecture that are applicable specifically to supporting point-to-
multipoint transport paths.
Swelling Pressures of some initially Saturated and Compacted Saturated Bentonites (2012)

The swelling pressures of several bentonites (Bentonite S-2, Febex, Calcigel, Montigel, Kunigel, Kunigel V1, Na-Kunigel, Alaska, Ca-Fourges, MX80, Na-Ca MX80, Ca-Wyoming, and Na- Wyoming) were determined from the Gouy-Chapman diffuse double layer theory. Many of these bentonites have been considered as barrier and backfilling materials for the underground storage of nuclear waste in various countries. The theoretical swelling pressures were then compared with the reported experimental swelling pressures for both initially saturated and compacted saturated samples. Qualitative agreements between the theoretical predictions and the experimental results were noted for all the bentonites studied. However, it was noted that at low dry densities or high void ratios, the theory generally predicted higher swelling pressures with the reverse trend at high dry densities or low void ratios. The lesser magnitude of experimental swelling pressures at higher void ratios can possibly be attributed to the formation of clay domains. Such behaviour also supports the fact that the effects of counterion crowding near the surfaces of the clay platelets are to reduce the surface charge and the electric potential at the Gouy-Stern plane. At smaller void ratios, the overlapping of the Stern layers of adjacent clay platelets influenced the swelling pressures. In this case, much stronger swelling pressures were exhibited by the bentonites.
Thermal Fatigue Studies Using HF Induction Heating of Die Materials for Light Metals Casting (2009)

In this study a new thermal fatigue test rig has been developed that can apply a net energy input to materials with different physical properties using HF induction heating. Several commercially available hot work ferrous and non-ferrous die materials were evaluated with the aim of providing a basis for selecting an appropriate die material with good thermal fatigue resistance for a given HPDC application. The results show materials with high thermal conductivity such as tungsten-based materials are more resistant to thermal fatigue cracking than conventionally used hot work tool steels for HPDC dies. The initiation and growth of thermal fatigue cracks were examined and periodically evaluated using computer image analysis, for crack morphology, and hardness on each material tested.
27. CT BASED ANALYSIS OF WEIGHT BEARING AREAS IN THE NATIVE ACETABULUM (2011)

Purpose: The distribution of weight bearing area within the acetabulum is of importance in addressing trauma to the acetabulum, hip joint deformities and causes of osteoarthritis. According to Wolf’s law, bone density can indicate loading patterns experienced. The objective of this study was to characterize distributions of acetabular bone density patterns by regions in the normal population. Method: CT scans of 22 subjects, mean age 70.6 with no evidence to hip joint pathologies were analysed. Bone density distribution maps were generated within AmiraDEV4.1 image analysis software using custom written plugins (Visage Imaging, Carlsbad, USA). Acetabular cup surfaces were semi-automatically segmented from the reconstructed CT volumes with an atlas-based approach. The acetabular cups were expanded 2.5 mm into the acetabular bone, and surface bone densities were calculated as the average bone density within ±2.5mm. The distribution maps were analysed using zones to spatially classify areas of high and low bone density in a healthy population. The acetabular cups were aligned using the acetabular rim plane that was landmarked, and by rotating the cups, such that a 900 abduction angle and a 00 anteversion angle were achieved. The grid used was divided to quadrants, and subdivided into radial thirds of the average rim radius. The correspondence of left and right density maps was investigated by comparing the average bone density in corresponding zones and across the population. Results: High bone densities were found around the roof of the acetabulum aligning with the femoral mechanical axis during standing. The highest average bone density were found to be the superior and posterior walls of the acetabulum, corresponding to regions 8, 9, and 12 compared to other regions of the acetabuli (P Conclusion: The location of the zones with the highest average bone density agrees with cadaveral studies of the maximum contact stress in the acetabulum (zones 9 and 12). [1,2]. It may explain why trauma to these areas carries a higher risk for early arthritic changes.
<title>Time-Resolved Spectroscopy Of Stretched Polypropylene Films</title> (1981)

Recently, we have explored the application of time resolved spectroscopy (TRS) to stretching and relaxing polymer films and we find TRS to be a very promising new diagnostic technique. Although the time interval, which is micro-seconds, is much slower than the observations made by researchers in the ultraviolet and visible regions, there exists several important experiments in this time frame which should yield important scientific information.
Bimorph mirror: theoretical limits and technical aspects (1993)

A thin bimorph adaptive mirror can correct corrupted wave fronts when measured by a wave front curvature sensor. The correction is given analytically in terms of Zernike polynomials. Boundary conditions of the mirror, discreteness of the electrodes, and coupling between low and high order Zernike polynomials limits the fit, especially for atmospherically corrupted wave fronts.
On the origin of floral morphological novelties (2004)

Floral morphological novelties, like homeotic changes of whorl 1 organs, can easily arise by modifying existing regulatory networks. Ectopic expression of B-function MADS-box genes in whorl 1 leads to a replacement of sepals by petals, as is found in the Liliaceae. In cases where leaf-like sepals or even inflated calyces develop, which ultimately envelop the mature fruit as in Physalis, ectopic expression of a vegetative MADS-box gene seems to be responsible. Current knowledge concerning the origin of such morphological novelties is reviewed.
Length of paternal lifespan is manifested in the DNA methylome of their nonagenarian progeny (2015)

The heritability of lifespan is 20-30%, but only a few genes associated with longevity have been identified. To explain this discrepancy, the inheritance of epigenetic features, such as DNA methylation, have been proposed to contribute to the heritability of lifespan.We investigated whether parental lifespan is associated with DNA methylation profile in nonagenarians. A regression model, adjusted for differences in blood cell proportions, identified 659 CpG sites where the level of methylation was associated with paternal lifespan. However, no association was observed between maternal lifespan and DNA methylation. The 659 CpG sites associated with paternal lifespan were enriched outside of CpG islands and were located in genes associated with development and morphogenesis, as well as cell signaling. The largest difference in the level of methylation between the progeny of the shortest-lived and longest-lived fathers was identified for CpG sites mapping to CXXC5. In addition, the level of methylation in three Notch-genes (NOTCH1, NOTCH3 and NOTCH4) was also associated with paternal lifespan.There are implications for the inheritance of acquired traits via epigenetic mechanisms in mammals. Here we describe DNA methylation features that are associated with paternal lifespan, and we speculate that the identified CpG sites may represent intergenerational epigenetic inheritance.
Hot water treatment of low rank coal in high temperature and high pressure reactor and its slurry ability (2009)

The coal water slurry(CWS) prepared from low rank coals(LRC),such as lignite or subbituminous coals always has a higher viscosity and poor fluidity while the solid concentration is smaller than high rank coal water slurry.The reason is there are larger inherent moisture and oxygen composition in LRC.Under high temperature and high pressure conditions,LRC was upgraded in hot water in a short time period of an hour.The heating value of LRC was also increased in such a process,and the physical and chemical characteristics of LRC changed meanwhile to improve its slurry ability which meant a higher solid concentration with a lower viscosity.The results showed that after hot water treatments,the maximum solid concentration of Xiaolongtan CWS increased from 44.6% to 64.55%,while that of MIP CWS increased from 39.71% to 64.61%.The improvement of LRC slurry ability depended much on the final temperature of hot water treatments.The mechanism was explained by the chemical analysis of oxygen-containing groups and the measurement of contact angle between coal surface and water.
Adenoviral transduction of a cytosine deaminase/thymidine kinase fusion gene into prostate carcinoma cells enhances prodrug and radiation sensitivity (1999)

Prostate tumor cells (PC-3) were transduced with defective, recombinant adenovirus containing a fusion gene encoding the Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase and herpes simplex virus type-1 thymidine kinase under the control of a cytomegalovirus promoter. Expression levels of the fusion protein were dependent on the multiplicity of infection used and incubation time following infection. PC-3 cells expressing this protein were sensitized to killing by the normally innocuous prodrugs 5-fluorocytosine and ganciclovir. In addition, radiation-induced killing was enhanced in virally infected cells in the presence of the prodrugs.
Effects of Long-Term Administration of Tamoxifen on Steroid Metabolism in Prostatic Carcinoma Patients (1986)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Mar 1986Effects of Long-Term Administration of Tamoxifen on Steroid Metabolism in Prostatic Carcinoma Patients N.J. Bolton, P. Vihko, P. Leinonen, M. Kontturi, and R. Vihko N.J. BoltonN.J. Bolton More articles by this author , P. VihkoP. Vihko More articles by this author , P. LeinonenP. Leinonen More articles by this author , M. KontturiM. Kontturi More articles by this author , and R. VihkoR. Vihko More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)45781-8AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Effects of Long-Term Administration of Tamoxifen on Steroid Metabolism in Prostatic Carcinoma Patients." The Journal of Urology, 135(3), p. 657 © 1986 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 135Issue 3March 1986Page: 657 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1986 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information N.J. Bolton More articles by this author P. Vihko More articles by this author P. Leinonen More articles by this author M. Kontturi More articles by this author R. Vihko More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Can the storage capacity of memories built from unreliable components be determined? (2008)

A memory is a device in which information is stored at some time and retrieved at a later time . Let the information be stored in form of bits in registers (memory elements) each of which can store a single bit. The information storage capability of a memory is the number of information bits it stores. Building a memory with information storage capability of k bits with reliable memory elements requires k registers. Such a memory is termed as an irredundant memory. This paper considers the problem of building a memory with memory elements and logic gates which fail according to a known random mechanism. The required minimum redundancy memory in which makes arbitrarily reliable information possible is discussed. For a reliable storage, the information needs to be stored in coded form . To ensure reliability, a correcting circuit is employed which performs error correction and updates the contents of the registers with an estimate of the original codeword.
Genome Wide Association Study Identifies L3MBTL4 as a Novel Susceptibility Gene for Hypertension (2016)

Hypertension is a major global health burden and a leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Although its heritability has been documented previously, contributing loci identified to date account for only a small fraction of blood pressure (BP) variation, which strongly suggests the existence of undiscovered variants. To identify novel variants, we conducted a three staged genetic study in 21,990 hypertensive cases and normotensive controls. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at three new genes (L3MBTL4 rs403814, Pmeta = 6.128 × 10(-9); LOC729251, and TCEANC) and seven SNPs at five previously reported genes were identified as being significantly associated with hypertension. Through functional analysis, we found that L3MBTL4 is predominantly expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells and up-regulated in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Rats with ubiquitous over-expression of L3MBTL4 exhibited significantly elevated BP, increased thickness of the vascular media layer and cardiac hypertrophy. Mechanistically, L3MBTL4 over-expression could lead to down-regulation of latent transforming growth factor-β binding protein 1 (LTBP1), and phosphorylation activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway, which is known to trigger the pathological progression of vascular remodeling and BP elevation. These findings pinpointed L3MBTL4 as a critical contributor to the development and progression of hypertension and uncovers a novel target for therapeutic intervention.
Computer simulations of dense molecular fluids (1980)

The effect of translation-rotation coupling on the displacements of molecules in dense fluids is discussed, first in connection with neutron scattering factors and then in connection with the distributions of atomic and centre of mass displacements of homonuclear diatomic molecules. Computer simulations of these properties are presented. In the simulations, the angledependent part of the interaction was changed by choosing different values for the molecular quadrupole moments while holding reduced density and temperature fixed. It was found that neither local anisotropy or coupling between centre of mass motion and reorientation was important in the systems studied. A rationale for this behaviour is suggested.
Regulatory flexibility in commercial satellite communications (1991)

MSAT, a domestic mobile satellite service (MSS) system under development in the US, is addressed. The high effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of each MSAT satellite, which is orders of magnitude greater than any existing L-band satellite and will allow the introduction of new services, and the economics of MSAT are discussed. The RadioSat system currently being developed, which is optimized for services that support enormous numbers of mobiles on each MSAT channel, is briefly described. The highly flexible MSS regulatory structure established by the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Entropy is Key to the Formation of Pentacyclic Terpenoids by Enzyme‐Catalyzed Polycyclization (2014)

Abstract Polycyclizations constitute a cornerstone of chemistry and biology. Multicyclic scaffolds are generated by terpene cyclase enzymes in nature through a carbocationic polycyclization cascade of a prefolded polyisoprene backbone, for which electrostatic stabilization of transient carbocationic species is believed to drive catalysis. Computational studies and site‐directed mutagenesis were used to assess the contribution of entropy to the polycyclization cascade catalyzed by the triterpene cyclase from A. acidocaldarius . Our results show that entropy contributes significantly to the rate enhancement through the release of water molecules through specific channels. A single rational point mutation that results in the disruption of one of these water channels decreased the entropic contribution to catalysis by 60 kcal mol −1 . This work demonstrates that entropy is the key to enzyme‐catalyzed polycyclizations, which are highly relevant in biology since 90 % of all natural products contain a cyclic subunit.
Magnetism of nanosized metallic particles (1999)

The magnetism of a small cluster of magnetic atoms at finite temperatures is numerically investigated. The evolution of the system towards thermal equilibrium is studied, and the possibility of occurrence of vortexlike excitations in the arrangement of the magnetic moments within the cluster is pointed out. The magnetization curve as a function of temperature, of a small magnetic particle, suggests that magnetic clusters in granular metals are not saturated even at room temperature. The relevance of the present results to the understanding of the magnetic behavior of granular metals is discussed.