gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adenovirus’s last trick: You say lysis, we say autophagy (2008)

The last stage of the adenovirus replication cycle, lysis, is considered not very efficient and remains poorly understood. Pathogen infection induces autophagy in eukaryotic cells. In the case of viruses, autophagy is a double-edged sword that can either facilitate or impede replication. On one hand, autophagy reduces the replication capability of the herpesviruses. On the other hand, the RNA virus poliovirus uses autophagosomes to form replication complexes. Recently we characterized the autophagy induced by the oncolytic adenovirus Delta-24-RGD in brain tumor stem cells. Late in the adenoviral infectious cycle, we observed remarkable upregulation of the Atg12-Atg5 complex and prominent autophagy. In addition, adenovirus-induced autophagy results in disruption of the cytoplasmic structure and the continuity of the cellular membrane. We speculate that adenoviruses induce autophagy to facilitate the release of viral progeny at the end of the infectious cycle. The substitution of 'autophagy' for 'lysis' is not just semantic. Because autophagy is a genetically programmed process and not a passive phenomenon, it immediately suggests interactions between adenovirus proteins and autophagy regulators. Understanding the mechanism underlying adenovirus-mediated autophagy should propel the development of novel vectors with enhanced capability to release viral progeny and, as a result, morepotent oncolytic effect.
Fully automated multiorgan segmentation in abdominal magnetic resonance imaging with deep neural networks (2020)

The proposed ALAMO technique allows for fully automated abdominal MR segmentation with high accuracy and practical memory and computation time demands.
Use of charge sharing to reduce energy consumption in wide fan-in gates (2002)

This paper presents a novel technique to reduce the energy and delay of dynamic large fan-in gates. The basic idea is to generate a low swing output signal by first charging a small dummy capacitor and then discharging it on the (pre-discharged) gate output. By employing the principle of charge sharing, a small swing will be created on the gate output. This swing can be then detected and restored to CMOS level using a sense amplifier. Simulation results illustrates 2 to 4 times energy savings and up to 3.6 times speed-up as compared to conventional dynamic approaches. The design of a 32/spl times/32 TLB in a 0.6 um process using the proposed approach is also described.
Effects of metoclopramide and quipazine on serum molactin concentrations in steers (1992)

The dopamine antagonist metoclopramide monohydrochloride (MC) and the serotonin agonist quipazine maleate (Q) were administered to steers by both the oral and intravenous (i.v.) routes. Dose-response studies were designed to determine the effects of these drugs on serum prolactin (PRL) concentrations. Parameters subjected to analysis included maximal serum PRL concentrations within 1 h and the areas under the PRL response curves over time. At 1, 4, and 8 mg/kg i.v., and at 15, 30, 45, and 60 mg/kg orally, MC increased (P less than 0.05) serum PRL concentrations (difference between maximal and basal serum PRL concentrations) and increased (P less than 0.05) areas under the PRL response curves except for 1.0 mg/kg i.v. Doses of MC greater than 60 mg/kg and Q at all dosage rates were considered toxic. These studies determined a dose-response to MC in terms of serum PRL concentration and indicate that MC is well tolerated and effective for elevating serum PRL concentrations in steers. Furthermore, 4 mg/kg i.v. and 15 mg/kg orally could be considered the preferred dosage rates due to a plateau in the response above those rates.
Cimetidine increases steady state plasma levels of propranolol. (1981)

1 The influence of cimetidine (1000 mg daily) on propranolol steady state plasma levels has been studied in seven normal volunteers. Cimetidine was used as a 200 mg normal release tablet whereas propranolol was given as a 160 mg slow release formulation once daily. 2 After 1 day of cimetidine treatment (day 9 of the study) the mean (Css) and minimal (Css min) propranolol steady state plasma levels increased significantly from 24.1 +/- 14.9 ng/ml (mean +/- s.d.) to 39.2 +/- 27.7 ng/ml (P = 0.01) and from 14.8 +/- 9.3 ng/ml to 27.1 +/- 21.2 ng/ml (P = 0.03), respectively. The apparent oral clearance (Clo) was reduced from 6.7 +/- 4.3 l/min to 4.6 +/- 3.11/min (P = 0.006). 3 A prolongation of cimetidine administration to 5 days (day 13 of the study) intensified this effect significantly (P = 0.02): Css of propranolol was elevated from 23.2 +/- 14.4 ng/ml to 44.9 +/- 26.7 ng/ml (P = 0.003); Css min was increased from 14.1 +/- 10.2 ng/ml to 28.4 +/- 17.9 ng/ml (P = 0.02) while Clo decreased from 6.9 +/- 4.1 1/min to 3.3 +/- 1.61/min (P = 0.006). 4 We conclude that the drug interaction between propranolol and cimetidine leads to significant elevations of propranolol steady state plasma concentrations which may cause a clinically relevant enhancement of the effect of a given dosage. This requires careful observation of patients under concomitant treatment with propranolol and cimetidine.
Effects of winter cutting management on growth and tiller numbers of six grass species (1987)

Abstract Tiller numbers of six grass species grown with ‘Grasslands Huia’ white clover ( Trifolium repens L.) increased from early winter 1982 to mid winter, with a small reduction in late winter. Tiller numbers almost doubled in ‘Grasslands Roa’ tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and ‘Grasslands Maru’ phalaris ( Phalaris aquatica L.). Cutting three times in winter gave higher tiller numbers in late August than cutting twice. Maru, Roa, and ‘Grasslands Matua’ prairie grass ( Bromus willdenowii Kunth) had the highest winter growth rates; 17, 12, and 13 kg DM/ha per day respectively. ‘Grasslands Nui’ perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.), ‘Grasslands Kahu’ timothy ( Phleum pratense L.), and ‘Grasslands Wana’ cocksfoot ( Dactylis glomerata L.) had low winter growth rates (< 10 kg DM/ha per day). Kahu had the highest growth in early spring, Matua the slowest. Plots cut twice in winter grew more during winter than plots cut three times, but the reverse occurred in early spring: the possible implications of this in ‘all‐grass wintering’ are discussed. In a second trial with pure stands of Nui and Matua only, cutting to 2 cm height gave higher yields than cutting to 4 cm in winter, but the reverse occurred in early spring. Matua outyielded Nui in winter but yields were similar in early spring. Matua also had a higher nitrogen (N) content. Tiller numbers remained unchanged at the three counting dates, possibly a result of a soil N shortage in winter.
P3‐258: The effect of scyllo‐inositol derivatives on β‐amyloid peptide aggregation (2009)

Scyllo-Inositol has shown promise as a potential therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease (AD), by directly interacting with the β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide to inhibit fiber formation in vitro, reduce amyloid load in vivo and improve cognitive function in the TgCRND8 mouse model of AD. However, the molecular mechanism(s) by which scyllo-inositol interacts with Aβ remain unknown. The purpose of these experiments was to determine how chemical alteration of scyllo-inositol affects its ability to prevent Aβ aggregation. A series of scyllo-inositol derivatives containing deoxy, fluoro, chloro, and methoxy substitutions were synthesized. Negative stain electron microscopy and thioflavin T assays were used to assess compound effects on the kinetics of Aβ42 fibrillization. The most promising derivatives were also evaluated for their ability to reverse cognitive impairments in TgCRND8 mice. Dose- and time-course results indicate that all modifications altered the effectiveness of scyllo-inositol to bind Aβ42. While none of the derivatives were as effective as the parent compound at preventing fiber formation, those bearing the fluoro and methoxy substitutions were able to significantly inhibit Aβ42 aggregation. Further, prophylactic treatment of TgCRND8 mice with these compounds significantly improved spatial memory impairments. These findings suggest that hydroxyl groups are key recognition elements in the interaction between Aβ42 and scyllo-inositol.
Electrocortical Differentiation of Evaluative and Nonevaluative Categorizations (1996)

The evaluative categorizations that underlie affective and attitudinal judgments have often been equated with non-evaluative categorizations despite the central importance of evaluative processes for survival In the present experiment, a late positive potential (LPP) of the event-related brain potential elicited when participants evaluatively categorized food items as positive or nonpositive was compared with the LPP elicited when participants semantically (i e, nonevaluatively) categorized food items as vegetable or nonvegetable Results revealed that evaluative categorizations evoked an LPP that was relatively larger over the right than the left scalp regions compared with the LPP evoked by nonevaluative categorizations This finding provides evidence regarding the differences in neural and cognitive processes involved in evaluative and nonevaluative categorizations
ACTIVE SITES OF ALUMINUM PHOSPHATE CATALYSTS FOR THE ISOMERIZATION OF <I>cis</I>-2-BUTENE (1994)

Various aluminum phosphate-alumina mixed catalysts (APA) having different P/Al ratios were prepared, and their activity and selectivity for n-butene isomerization as well as their physical properties were examined. The APA catalysts consisted of crystalline aluminum phosphate and alumina. Some APA catalysts showed infinite selectivity (initial trans-2-butene/1-butene ratio) in cis-2-butene isomerization; this extraordinary selectivity indicates that the surfaces of the catalysts are occupied by aluminum phosphate featuring such selectivity. Others, however, showed no infinite selectivity, which suggests that alumina involved in them catalyzes the cis-2-butene isomerization too. It was also concluded that the active sites featuring the infinite selectivity were located in amorphous aluminum phosphate moiety in the neighborhood of catalytically inactive crystalline aluminum phosphate.
Morphine Metabolism in the Opium Poppy and Its Possible Physiological Function (2001)

We identified a novel metabolic system of morphine in the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.). In response to stress, morphine is quickly metabolized to bismorphine consisting of two morphine units, followed by accumulation in the cell wall. This bismorphine binds predominantly to pectins, which possess high galacturonic acid residue contents, through ionical bonds. Our newly developed method using artificial polysaccharides demonstrated that bismorphine bridges are formed between the two amino groups of bismorphine and the carboxyl groups of galacturonic acid residues, resulting in cross-linking of galacturonic acid-containing polysaccharides to each other. The ability of bismorphine to cross-link pectins is much higher than that of Ca2+, which also acts as a cross-linker of these polysaccharides. Furthermore, we confirmed that cross-linking of pectins through bismorphine bridges leads to resistance against hydrolysis by pectinases. These results indicated that production of bismorphine is a defense response of the opium poppy. Bismorphine formation is catalyzed by anionic peroxidase that pre-exists in the capsules and leaves of opium poppies. The constitutive presence of morphine, together with bismorphine-forming peroxidase, enables the opium poppy to rapidly induce the defense system.
Targeted imaging of ovarian cancer cells using viral nanoparticles doped with indocyanine green (2013)

Our group has constructed a new type of viral nanoparticles (VNPs) from genome-depleted plant infecting
brome mosaic virus (BMV) that encapsulates the FDA-approved near infrared (NIR) indocyanine green (ICG)[1]. We
refer to these VNPs as optical viral ghosts (OVGs) since the constructs lack the genomic content of wild-type BMV. One
of our areas of interest is the application of OVGs for real-time intraoperative NIR fluorescence imaging of small
peritoneal ovarian tumor nodules. We target human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) expression in ovarian
cancer as a biomarker associated with ovarian cancer, since its over-expression is linked to the disease’s progression to
death. We functionalize the OVGs with anti-HER-2 monoclonal antibodies using reductive amination methods. We used
fluorescence imaging to visualize the SKOV-3 cells (high HER-2 expression) after incubation with free ICG, OVGs, and
functionalized OVGs. Our results suggest the possibility of using anti-HER2 conjugated OVGs in conjunction with
cytoreductive surgery to detect small tumor nodules (<5cm) which currently are not excised during surgery.
Plasma tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 levels are elevated in essential hypertension and related to left ventricular hypertrophy (2002)

The increased tissue collagen III levels found in the heart and vessels of hypertensive patients is due to a reduction in collagen degradation because of high TIMP-1 levels, rather than an increase in synthesis of collagen type III. The tissue source of this TIMP-1 is unclear.
Using the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues (2005)

A valuable resource for physics, the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues1 (see Fig. 1) is well worth an exploratory visit by teachers of introductory physics and their students. It provides a searchable collection of vetted annotations of references including books, articles, films, websites, and CD-ROMs. While many of those resources focus on the history of nuclear physics and its applications to weapons and nuclear power production, the library also contains materials on the military, social, geopolitical, and cultural consequences of those applications.
15-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid inhibits neutrophil migration across cytokine-activated endothelium. (1994)

15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) is an eicosanoid, formed by the actions of 15-lipoxygenase, epoxygenases, and cyclooxygenases on arachidonic acid, whose tissue levels are often elevated during inflammation. The present study demonstrates that 15(S)-HETE is a potent inhibitor of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) migration across cytokine-activated endothelium in vitro. 15(S)-HETE is rapidly esterified into PMN phospholipids, and we report that 15-(S)-HETE-remodeled PMN displayed blunted adhesion to, and migration across, human endothelial cells that had been activated with either interleukin-1 beta or tumor necrosis factor-alpha Several lines of evidence suggested that 15(S)-HETE inhibited PMN transmigration by attenuating PMN responsiveness to endothelial cell-derived platelet-activating factor (PAF). The inhibitory action of 15(S)-HETE on transmigration was not restricted by the profile of adhesion molecules expressed by cytokine-activated endothelium. Interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha induce PAF production by endothelium, and PMN migration across cytokine-activated endothelium was inhibited by a PAF receptor antagonist. PMN migration across endothelium in response to exogenous PAF was dramatically inhibited following exposure of PMN to 15(S)-HETE. Furthermore, 15(S)-HETE-remodeled PMN displayed impaired cytoskeletal and adhesion responses when stimulated by exogenous PAF, two pivotal events in PMN migration across activated endothelium. 15(S)-HETE seemed to attenuate PMN responsiveness to PAF by inhibiting membrane-associated signal transduction events. In keeping with this interpretation, remodeling of PMN phospholipids with 15(S)-HETE was associated with a sixfold reduction in the affinity of specific high-affinity PAF receptors for their ligand and impaired PAF-triggered IP3 generation. In contrast, PMN adhesion responses stimulated by calcium ionophore or activators of protein kinase C remained intact. These results provide further evidence that 15(S)-HETE may be an important endogenous inhibitor of PMN-endothelial cell interaction that serves to limit or reverse neutrophil-mediated inflammation in vivo.
Field Treatment of Actinic Keratoses – Focus on COX-2-Inhibitors (2009)

Abstract Actinic keratoses (AK) represent the most common carcinoma in situ of the skin and show continuously increasing incidences worldwide. Clinically, AK occur as multiple lesions in sun-exposed areas, which has been referred to as field cancerization. Novel treatment modalities for actinic field cancerization include 3% diclofenac in 2.5% hyaluronic acid (HA). Recent investigations have gained insights in the mode of action of diclofenac in HA, showing that the induction of apoptosis is the major mode of action of this treatment. Herein, we give an overview about actinic keratosis focusing on treatment with the COX-2 inhibitor diclofenac 3% gel and summarize current concepts of its antineoplastic mode of action.
LOW-COST, BATTERY OPERATED, DUAL WAVELENGTH CONTINUOUS WAVE NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY DEVICE FOR BEDSIDE MONITORING OF NEWBORN BRAIN (2004)

We present our NIRS system for continuous bedside monitoring of neonatal brain. System has a shot noise limited SNR of 67 dB and reach up to 1 milliseconds temporal resolution. Preliminary test results on adults are provided.
Reactions of fluoroaromatic nitriles with sodium pentafluorophenolate (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of fluoroaromatic nitriles with sodium pentafluorophenolateRalph J. De Pasquale and Christ TamborskiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 4, 1658–1661Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01268a082https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01268a082research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views79Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adaptation kinetics in bacterial chemotaxis (1983)

Cells of Escherichia coli, tethered to glass by a single flagellum, were subjected to constant flow of a medium containing the attractant alpha-methyl-DL-aspartate. The concentration of this chemical was varied with a programmable mixing apparatus over a range spanning the dissociation constant of the chemoreceptor at rates comparable to those experienced by cells swimming in spatial gradients. When an exponentially increasing ramp was turned on (a ramp that increases the chemoreceptor occupancy linearly), the rotational bias of the cells (the fraction of time spent spinning counterclockwise) changed rapidly to a higher stable level, which persisted for the duration of the ramp. The change in bias increased with ramp rate, i.e., with the time rate of change of chemoreceptor occupancy. This behavior can be accounted for by a model for adaptation involving proportional control, in which the flagellar motors respond to an error signal proportional to the difference between the current occupancy and the occupancy averaged over the recent past. Distributions of clockwise and counterclockwise rotation intervals were found to be exponential. This result cannot be explained by a response regular model in which transitions between rotational states are generated by threshold crossings of a regular subject to statistical fluctuation; this mechanism generates distributions with far too many long events. However, the data can be fit by a model in which transitions between rotational states are governed by first-order rate constants. The error signal acts as a bias regulator, controlling the values of these constants.
Preoperative radiotherapy and concomitant capecitabine treatment induce thymidylate synthase and thymidine phosphorylase mRNAs in rectal carcinoma. (2007)

This work is intended to study the effect of preoperative capecitabine and radiotherapy treatment on the levels of thymidylate synthase (TS), thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) mRNAs in rectal carcinoma. 55 patients with locally advanced rectal carcinoma (cT3-4, N0, M0 or cT2-4,N+, M0) were treated with capecitabine 825 mg/m2 twice a day and pelvic radiotherapy 1,8 Gy daily up to cumulative dose of 45 Gy, boosting up to 50,4 Gy. Patients underwent surgery 6th week after the completion of chemoradiotherapy. Biopsies of rectal carcinoma were taken before starting therapy and 14 days after its cesation. Biopsies were examined for TS, DPD and TP mRNA levels. CEA in serum was examined to monitor relapses. Both TP and TS mRNA increase two weeks after starting therapy (p<0,001). TP mRNA median levels were elevated 2,3x after starting therapy. Moreover responders exhibit 1,5x higher induction than non-responders both before and after starting therapy, but difference is significant before therapy only (p=0,017). Non-responders have most frequent TS induction. Complete remission was observed in 17% and substantial responses with microscopic residuum only in additional 19% of cases were achieved. The pathologic downstaging rate was 76%. Our data show that TS and TP mRNA are induced by preoperative chemoradiotherapy in both responders and nonresponders. TP induction is in accordance with the expected role of TP in the activation of capecitabine and the known promoting role of TP in tissue fibrosis frequently associated with tumor regression.
Quality improvement of polymer parts by laser welding (1994)

The growing significance of laser technology in industrial manufacturing is also observed in case of plastic industry. Laser cutting and marking are established processes. Laser beam welding is successfully practiced in processes like joining foils or winding reinforced prepregs. Laser radiation and its significant advantages of contactless and local heating could even be an alternative to conventional welding processes using heating elements, vibration or ultrasonic waves as energy sources. Developments in the field of laser diodes increase the interest in laser technology for material processing because in the near future they will represent an inexpensive energy source.
Suicidal behavior after severe trauma. Part 1: PTSD diagnoses, psychiatric comorbidity, and assessments of suicidal behavior (1998)

The study comprises 149 refugees from various countries, reporting exposure to severe traumata, who were referred for psychiatric diagnosis and assessment of suicide risk. The stressors reported comprised both personal experience of and/or forced witnessing of combat atrocities (including explosions or missile impacts in urban areas), imprisonment (including isolation), torture and inflicted pain, sexual violence, witnessing others' suicide, and of summary and/or mock executions. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was diagnosed in 79% of all cases, other psychiatric illness in 16% and no mental pathology in 5%. The prevalence of suicidal behavior was significantly greater among refugees with principal PTSD diagnoses than among the remainder. PTSD patients with depression comorbidity reported higher frequency of suicidal thoughts; PTSD nondepressive patients manifested increased frequency of suicide attempts.
Assessing Myocardial Perfusion after Myocardial Infarction (2006)

Ashrafian and colleagues describe the use of myocardial contrast echocardiography to assess a 63-year-old man with ischemic heart disease.