gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Blood, Old Blood, or No Blood? (2008)

The use of blood transfusions in medicine is so well established that the procedure is an afterthought to many physicians. Scientific advances have rendered blood and blood products extremely safe through the introduction of donor-deferral strategies, infectious-disease testing, pathogen-inactivation methods, and recombinant DNA technologies for particular therapeutic proteins. These advances have dramatically reduced the likelihood of transfusion-transmitted disease so that the risk of transfusion-associated human immunodeficiency virus 1 or hepatitis C infection, for example, is now on the order of 1 in 2 million donated units.1 Concern persists about the transmission of other infectious agents, for which testing is not . . .
Active control of a tensegrity plane grid (2006)

Tensegrity systems are selfstressed reticulate space structures. As lightweight frames, they are subject to deformation and vibration issues when faced to natural stimulations such as temperature gradients or wind. Classical passive solutions impose to rigidify components or to add damping in the structure using heavy devices. Active systems, mainly developed in space and seismic fields, are controlled using external energy brought by activators. We describe in this paper a mixed geometric and dynamic active control of tensegrity structures using a robust control design technique. An experiment is carried out on a six selfstress states plane tensegrity grid.
Transit and integration of extracellular mitochondria in human heart cells (2017)

Tissue ischemia adversely affects the function of mitochondria, which results in impairment of oxidative phosphorylation and compromised recovery of the affected organ. The impact of ischemia on mitochondrial function has been most extensively studied in the heart because of the morbidity and mortality associated with injury to this organ. Because conventional methods to preserve cell viability and function following an ischemic injury are limited in their efficacy, we developed a unique approach to protect the heart by transplanting respiration-competent mitochondria isolated from a non-ischemic tissue to the ischemic region. Our experiments in animals have shown that transplantation of isolated mitochondria to injured heart tissue leads to decreases in cell death, increases in energy production, and improvements in contractile function. We also discovered that exogenously-derived mitochondria injected or perfused into ischemic hearts were readily internalized by cardiac cells through actin-dependent endocytosis. Here, we describe the use of three-dimensional super-resolution microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to determine the intracellular fate of exogenous mitochondria in non-dividing human iPS-derived cardiomyocytes and dividing primary human cardiac fibroblasts. We show isolated mitochondria are internalised in human cardiac cells within minutes and then transported to endosomes and lysosomes. The majority of exogenous mitochondria escape from these compartments and fuse with the endogenous mitochondrial network, while some organelles are degraded through hydrolysis. Understanding this process may guide the development of treatments directed at replacing or augmenting impaired mitochondria in ischemic tissues and provide new options to rejuvenate dysfunctional mitochondria in a wide range of human diseases and disorders.
Herbicide Analysis : Relationship Between Molecular Structure and Retention Index (1973)

Abstract Retention indices are used to predict the retention time of the esters of chlorophenoxy acids. The total retention index is divided into 3 additive components: the alcohol contribution, the acid contribution, and the interaction contribution. This paper discusses 5 acids which are commonly used as herbicides, 8 alcohols, and 3 GLC columns.
On the Comparison between Presumed and Full PDF Methods for Turbulent Precipitation (2001)

Turbulent precipitation is an important topic in chemical reaction engineering because of its numerous industrial applications. Several modeling approaches have been used in the past, but in recent years, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) coupled with micromixing models has been successfully applied to predict the influence of mixing on the crystal size distribution (CSD). The micromixing model is generally based on the presumed probability density function (PDF) approach, such as finite-mode PDF or beta PDF, and the aim of this work is to compare presumed PDF predictions and full PDF predictions with experimental data. The experimental data were obtained from a tubular reactor in which turbulent precipitation of barium sulfate is carried out from aqueous solutions of barium chloride and sodium sulfate. The implementation of the presumed PDF model was done using FLUENT user-defined subroutines, whereas the full PDF calculations were carried out with an in-house code based on Monte Carlo methods using the flow field prediction from FLUENT.
Size‐dependent crystal growth—A manifestation of growth rate dispersion in the potassium alum‐water system (1985)

Abstract Growth of potassium alum crystals was characterized by the advance rates of crystals on the leading edge of population distributions and by the advance rates of the modes of these distributions. Growth rates of crystals on the leading edge appeared to follow size‐dependent kinetics, but the observed spread of the distribution about the average size was much greater than would be expected from size‐dependent growth alone. The spread of the distribution was correlated with the extent of growth determined from the net advance of the average crystal size. These quantitative and qualitative results show that what has often been referred to as size‐dependent growth is in fact a manifestation of growth rate dispersion.
Cleavage of a 23S rRNA pseudoknot by phenanthroline-Cu(II) (1999)

Studying the intricate folding of rRNA within the ribosome remains a complex problem. Phenanthroline-Cu(II) complexes cleave phosphodiester bonds in rRNA in specific regions, apparently especially where the rRNA structure is constrained in some fashion. We have introduced phenanthroline-copper complexes into 50S Escherichia coli ribosomal subunits and shown specific cleavages in the regions containing nucleotides 60-66 and 87-100. This specificity of cleavage is reduced when the ribosome is heated to 80 degrees C and reduced to background when the ribosomal proteins are extracted and the cleavage repeated on protein-free 23S rRNA. It has been suggested that nucleotides 60-66 and 87-95 in E.coli 23S rRNA are involved in a putative pseudoknot structure, which is supported by covariance data. The paired cleavages of nearly equal intensity of these two regions, when in the ribosome, may further support the existence of a pseudoknot structure in the 100 region of 23S rRNA.
Lipopolysaccharide differentially regulates microglial trk receptor and neurotrophin expression (1998)

Activated brain microglia play a pivotal role in inflammatory and degenerative disorders, mediating immune function and producing toxic and trophic agents. We previously reported that microglia express neurotrophins and that neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) increases microglial proliferation and phagocytosis, processes associated with cellular activation. However, mechanisms regulating responsiveness to NT-3 and expression of NT-3 in activated microglia remain undefined. To investigate mechanisms governing microglial responsiveness to neurotrophins, we determined whether microglia express trk C, the high-affinity receptor for NT-3, and whether the inflammatory agent lipopolysaccharide (LPS) regulates receptor expression. Trk C mRNA was expressed by unstimulated microglia, and both trk C mRNA and protein were dramatically increased by LPS. In contrast, expression of trk A, the high-affinity receptor for nerve growth factor (NGF), was down-regulated by LPS. Consequently, the same stimulus differentially influences responsiveness of microglia to distinct trophins. In addition, LPS induced microglial NT-3 expression, suggesting that increases in both the ligand and receptor modulate NT-3 effects on microglia. Regulation was specific, since brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and NT-4/5 expression were unaltered by LPS. In sum, our findings raise the possibility that microglial NT-3 regulates their response to inflammation through autocrine mechanisms: LPS modulates both trk C and NT-3 which, in turn, regulate microglial function. J. Neurosci. Res. 54:117–122, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A basis-independent approach to quantum optics (1991)

States of the radiation field can be defined without reference to a given basis of normal modes. In this way optical systems for which there is no natural set of orthogonal modes can be handled quantum mechanically in a more rigorous manner. In particular, coherent states and associated phase-space methods can easily be generalized to this basis-independent representation.
Controllable models of gaze behavior for virtual agents and humanlike robots (2013)

Embodied social agents, through their ability to afford embodied interaction using nonverbal human communicative cues, hold great promise in application areas such as education, training, rehabilitation, and collaborative work. Gaze cues are particularly important for achieving significant social and communicative goals. In this research, I explore how agents - both virtual agents and humanlike robots - might achieve such goals through the use of various gaze mechanisms. To this end, I am developing computational control models of gaze behavior that treat gaze as the output of a system with a number of multimodal inputs. These inputs can be characterized at different levels of interaction, from non-interactive (e.g., physical characteristics of the agent itself) to fully interactive (e.g., speech and gaze behavior of a human interlocutor). This research will result in a number of control models that each focus on a different gaze mechanism, combined into an open-source library of gaze behaviors that will be usable by both human-robot and human-virtual agent interaction designers. System-level evaluations in naturalistic settings will validate this gaze library for its ability to evoke positive social and cognitive responses in human users.
Global Dysrhythmia of Cerebro-Basal Ganglia–Cerebellar Networks Underlies Motor Tics following Striatal Disinhibition (2013)

Motor tics, a cardinal symptom of Tourette syndrome (TS), are hypothesized to arise from abnormalities within cerebro-basal ganglia circuits. Yet noninvasive neuroimaging of TS has previously identified robust activation in the cerebellum. To date, electrophysiological properties of cerebellar activation and its role in basal ganglia-mediated tic expression remain unknown. We performed multisite, multielectrode recordings of single-unit activity and local field potentials from the cerebellum, basal ganglia, and primary motor cortex using a pharmacologic monkey model of motor tics/TS. Following microinjections of bicuculline into the sensorimotor putamen, periodic tics occurred predominantly in the orofacial region, and a sizable number of cerebellar neurons showed phasic changes in activity associated with tic episodes. Specifically, 64% of the recorded cerebellar cortex neurons exhibited increases in activity, and 85% of the dentate nucleus neurons displayed excitatory, inhibitory, or multiphasic responses. Critically, abnormal discharges of cerebellar cortex neurons and excitatory-type dentate neurons mostly preceded behavioral tic onset, indicating their central origins. Latencies of pathological activity in the cerebellum and primary motor cortex substantially overlapped, suggesting that aberrant signals may be traveling along divergent pathways to these structures from the basal ganglia. Furthermore, the occurrence of tic movement was most closely associated with local field potential spikes in the cerebellum and primary motor cortex, implying that these structures may function as a gate to release overt tic movements. These findings indicate that tic-generating networks in basal ganglia mediated tic disorders extend beyond classical cerebro-basal ganglia circuits, leading to global network dysrhythmia including cerebellar circuits.
Slow-Neutron Inelastic Scattering from Low-Temperature Gaseous Methane, Liquid Methane, and Solid Methane (1965)

The partial differential cross sections for inelastic scattering of neutrons from samples of cold gaseous methane (T=125°K), liquid methane (T=99°K), and solid methane (T=83°K) were measured with the materials testing reactor (MTR) phased chopper velocity selector. These results are compared to the theory reported by Griffing for methane gas, which fits the cold-gas data very well over the entire range of the experiment and also fits the liquid and solid data at the large momentum transfers. The results of these comparisons indicate that the rotations are free in all three phases and that, in the liquid and solid phases, there are oscillations of the center of mass of the molecule with dominant transitions having an energy change near 0.017 eV. The range of agreement of the gas theory with the liquid and solid data indicates that the liquid and solid act according to the gas model out to a time of roughly 5×10−13 sec. The similarity of the liquid and solid data over the range of the experiment suggest further that they act similarly out to even longer times. The zeroth and first moments of energy transfer were calculated and for the gas compare favorably with a molecular theory which treats the rotations classically. For the liquid and solid data, the moments give further indications of the molecular oscillations.
Experience with "link-up notification" over a mobile satellite link (2004)

Over paths characterized by extended outage periods, a TCP connection can suffer a severe performance penalty due to its Retransmission Timeout (RTO) backoff mechanism. If outages are long enough, the RTO can grow large enough to cause unacceptably long pauses when the link is eventually restored. One proposed solution is "Link-Up Notification" (LUN), which involves an intermediate device that can detect the link state. When the link is restored, the device immediately sends a packet that causes traffic to resume, terminating the TCP timeout. We have implemented a version of LUN that we call "kickstart." A kickstart gateway buffers a packet from each connection and uses them to restart the connections when the channel is restored. Based on empirical data, we have built a mobile satellite channel emulator and demonstrated how the technique can effectively eliminate the pause in restarting a TCP flow once a blocked channel is reestablished. When conducting experiments with shorter channel outages and shorter TCP flows, a different picture emerges; in this case, while connection transfer times are not noticeably reduced by a kickstart gateway, the overall completion ratio of TCP connections is increased, as fewer connections are dropped due to exceeding the maximum number of retransmissions. Our experiments also exposed some problems in the Linux and FreeBSD end host TCP implementations that impair performance in such an environment. Correcting these problems improves success ratios still more, while having little positive effect on transfer times.
Turning polymer foams into piezoelectric sensors: optical and acoustic studies of dielectric barrier discharges in ferroelectrets (2008)

This paper reviews some current understanding of the charging process in ferroelectrets. Optical, electrical, and acoustic studies are done to investigate the dielectric barrier discharges in polymer foams. Results show that suppressing the back discharge could provide a pathway to a significantly enhanced piezoelectric activity.
Entrepreneurial Intent in Commuter-school Students (2024)

This paper reports the results of a mixed-methods study of the factors leading students at a large public Hispanic-serving university, with a student body comprising primarily commuters, to choose an entrepreneurially oriented engineering major and to choose to pursue a startup.The study interviewed 36 lower-division engineering students, of whom 11 were enrolled in an engineering major with a significant emphasis on entrepreneurship and 25 were enrolled in other engineering majors.Structured interviews of covered the participants' family background, their motivations for enrolling in their major, their expectations with respect to career (including startups), their attitudes toward risk, and reflection on the interview.In the course of the interviews, participants were asked to rate their risk tolerance and their interest in pursuing a startup.Analysis of the interviews suggests that the principal indicator of entrepreneurial intent was interest in a startup, that most students' perceptions of the desirability of startups are negative, and that students see lack of knowledge and preparation and lack of resources as the biggest barriers to launching a startup.The analysis also suggests that students are held back by lack of confidence, fear of failure, and the perception that startups require too much time and effort.These factors can be addressed through a suite of programs and policies.
HEPATITIS C VIRUS INFECTION IN PEDIATRIC LIVER TRANSPLANTATION (1993)

To determine the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the short-term evolution of HCV infection in children undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation, we retrospectively studied the sera and medical records of 149 children surviving from 9 months to 5 years after OLT. Fourteen children (9.4%) were found to be positive for anti-HCV with second-generation ELISA and RIBA tests. They were individualized in 2 distinctive groups. In 5 children, anti-HCV was present before OLT, and in 1 patient only HCV RNA was detected at that time. All 6 patients were positive for anti-HCV after OLT. In the other 8 children, anti-HCV and HCV RNA were only detected after OLT and likely reflect infection during or shortly after OLT. The antibody reactivities against the 3 antigens included in the second-generation RIBA test varied in a given patient throughout follow-up and between these 2 groups of children. In all patients, serum transaminase (ALT) activities returned to normal levels when prednisone therapy was lowered and given every other day. These results indicate that the search for HCV infection in these children is necessary in the differential diagnosis of other liver complications in order to avoid excessive immunosuppressive treatment.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Extracellular sugar modifications provide instructive and cell-specific information for axon-guidance choices. (2009)

Heparan sulfates (HSs) are extraordinarily complex extracellular sugar molecules that are critical components of multiple signaling systems controlling neuronal development. The molecular complexity of HSs arises through a series of specific modifications, including sulfations of sugar residues and epimerizations of their glucuronic acid moieties. The modifications are introduced nonuniformly along protein-attached HS polysaccharide chains by specific enzymes. Genetic analysis has demonstrated the importance of specific HS-modification patterns for correct neuronal development. However, it remains unclear whether HS modifications provide a merely permissive substrate or whether they provide instructive patterning information during development. We show here with single-cell resolution that highly stereotyped motor axon projections in C. elegans depend on specific HS-modification patterns. By manipulating extracellular HS-modification patterns, we can cell specifically reroute axons, indicating that HS modifications are instructive. This axonal rerouting is dependent on the HS core protein lon-2/glypican and both the axon guidance cue slt-1/Slit and its receptor eva-1. These observations suggest that a changed sugar environment instructs slt-1/Slit-dependent signaling via eva-1 to redirect axons. Our experiments provide genetic in vivo evidence for the "HS code" hypothesis which posits that specific combinations of HS modifications provide specific and instructive information to mediate the specificity of ligand/receptor interactions. PMID: 19062279 Funding information This work was supported by: NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: 5T32NS07098 NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: T32 NS007098 NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: T32 NS007098-28 NICHD NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: 5R01HD055380 NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 NS039996 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, United States NICHD NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HD055380-01A1 NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 NS050266 NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 NS050266-03 NICHD NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HD055380 NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: 2R01NS039996-05 NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 NS039996-06 NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: 5R01NS050266-03 More Less keyboard_arrow_down
Surround Haptics (2011)

Surround Haptics is a new tactile technology that uses a low-resolution grid of inexpensive vibrating actuators to generate high-resolution, continuous, moving tactile strokes on human skin [1]. The user would not feel the discrete tactile pulses and buzzes that are so common today, but rather a smooth tactile motion, akin to what we feel when someone drags a finger across our skin.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Pharmacological Profile of Two Novel Heterocyclic Chromanols, CP‐80,798 and CP‐85,958, as Potent LTD4 Receptor Antagonists. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Increase of Torsional Stiffness of a Prismatical Bar Due to Axial Tension (1939)

The author's theory of elasticity of the second order is being applied to calculate the increase of torsional stiffness of a prismatical bar when an axial tension is initially imposed upon it. It is found that the classical shear stress distribution is not affected by the axial stress. However, an increase of torsional stiffness is produced due to the fact that the boundary condition over the cross section contains not only the shearing stress but also the product of the axial stress by the rotations. This increase of torsional stiffness turns out to be proportional to the polar moment of inertia of the cross section with respect to its center of gravity.