gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quadrinomial modular arithmetic using modified polynomial basis (2005)

Finite field arithmetic has advantageous space and time complexity when the field is constructed with a sparse polynomial. Katti and Brennan in (May, 20023) introduced a new type of polynomial, which we will call here the nearly all one polynomial (NAOP), and they show that NAOP modular arithmetic is roughly equivalent to quadrinomial arithmetic. In this paper we will introduce a new representation : the modified polynomial basis, to compute modulo quadrinomials. We obtain a faster bit-parallel multiplier in F/sub 2//sup n/ with time complexity equal to T/sub A/ + (2 + /spl lceil/log/sub 2/(n + 1)/spl rceil/)T/sub X/ and a space complexity equal to (n + 1) /sup 2/ AND and ((n + 1) /sup 2/ + m - k - 1) XOR. For fields F/sub 2//sup n/ of degree n ranging between 160 and 500, which cannot be constructed with an irreducible trinomial or an optimal normal basis, our multiplier improve by 8% the time complexity of the previous multipliers proposed (Mastrovito,1991; Katti and Brennan,2003; Rodriguez-Henriquez and Koc, 2003), in compensation the space complexity is increased by 1.5%.
Practical Approach to the Pathologic Diagnosis of Gastritis (2008)

Limited ancillary tests are usually required for a diagnosis of gastritis. In some cases, special stains, such as acid-fast stains, and immunohistochemical stains, such as for H pylori and viruses, can be useful. Helicobacter pylori immunohistochemical stains can particularly contribute (1) when moderate to severe, chronic gastritis or active gastritis is present but no Helicobacter organisms are identified upon hematoxylin-eosin stain; (2) when extensive intestinal metaplasia is present; and (3) in follow-up biopsies, after antibiotic treatment for H pylori.
Further Experiments on Interference of Independent Photon Beams at Low Light Levels*† (1968)

Interference fringes produced by the superposition of light beams from two independent lasers have been investigated under conditions where the light flux was so low that one photon was usually received at the detector before the next one was emitted by one or the other source. Because the average number of photons detected in each observation was only about 10, a photon correlation technique was used to demonstrate the presence of interference fringes. The measurement procedure was automated, and this led to much greater statistical accuracy than was previously reported. The effect of varying the observation time and the number of interference fringes sampled was investigated, and found to be in good agreement with theory.
Effect of divalent cations on permeabilizer-induced lysozyme lysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1998)

The presence of divalent (Mg2+) ions greatly reduced the lysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain G48 in a system at pH 7·8 or 9·0 consisting of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), lysozyme and tris. Similar reductions in lysis occurred when EDTA was replaced by nitrilotriacetic acid, sodium citrate or sodium polyphosphate. The effect depended on the cation concentration. Mg2+ may replace cations removed from the outer membrane, or may effectively remove the permeabilizer from the system. The results suggest that the permeabilizing activity associated with these agents against this organism has a common basis in affecting the outer membrane.
Photoacoustic tomography (2008)

The field of photoacoustic tomography has experienced considerable growth in the past few years. Although several commercially available pure optical imaging modalities, including confocal microscopy, two-photon microscopy, and optical coherence tomography, have been highly successful, none of these technologies can provide penetration beyond ~1 mm into scattering biological tissues because they are based on ballistic and quasi-ballistic photons. Heretofore, there has been a void in high-resolution optical imaging beyond this depth limit. Photoacoustic tomography, which combines high ultrasonic resolution and strong optical contrast in a single modality, has filled this void. In this invited presentation, the fundamentals of photoacoustics are first introduced. Then, scanning photoacoustic microscopy and reconstruction-based photoacoustic tomography (or photoacoustic computed tomography) are covered. Recent progress are highlighted.
Object caching for performance in object-oriented systems (2002)

Object-oriented systems exhibit a very high rate of object creation, but most objects are short-lived. As a result, memory-management overhead is significant. An application-specific coprocessor architecture to speed up object creation and memory reclamation in object-oriented systems is described. The architecture supports a bit-vector approach to dynamic storage allocation and liberation. Novel created objects reside in a cache that is reference counted. Most objects are expected to die before they age out of the cache, drastically reducing the number of references to main memory. Many existing computer architectures would require only minor compiler modification to incorporate and benefit from this coprocessor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An implementation for small databases with high availability (1991)

A technique for implementing the kind of small databases that frequently occur in the design of operating systems and distributed systems is presented. This technique is based on the checkpointing mechanism for maintaining data persistence. It can be regarded as a hybrid of the stable storage approach and the master-slave approach to fault tolerance, and is especially suitable for systems that support the processor pool paradigm of computation. This scheme has been used to implement a monitoring service for a distributed system. The resulting implementation has the desired property of being simultaneously simple, efficient, reliable, and available.
PERSPECTIVES FOR THE DETECTION OF CANNABIS IN BREATH (2000)

Cannabis is the most frequently detected drug in many epidemiological studies on drugs and driving in Europe: 10% (median of 10 studies) of injured drivers and 7.6% of killed drivers are positive. The possibility of detecting cannabis in breath would greatly simplify controls in drivers, both for epidemiological studies and law enforcement. Only a few studies (all performed in the seventies and eighties) on cannabis in breath exist. Many studies were hampered by problems with the analytical technique. One wonders whether new detection techniques could increase the detection time. In order to have a sensitive and reliable detection of cannabis in breath, several aspects will have to be resolved: choice of the target molecule, sampling and enrichment method, avoidance of contamination by ambient air, sensitivity of detection, both for screening and confirmation. For the covering abstract see ITRD E106992.
Water-Soluble Gonadotropin Receptors of the Rat Ovary* (1982)

Soluble receptors for LH/hCG were characterized in aqueous and low ionic strength buffer extracts of the luteinized rat ovary. These receptors are proteins with high affinity (KA = 10(10) M-1) and specificity for hCG- and LH-like gonadotropins. The water-soluble receptors are stable and retained 60-80% of their binding capacity after lyophilization. Resolution of the water-soluble receptors by gel electrophoresis demonstrated five binding species, with molecular weights of 165,000, 81,000, 48,000, 24,000 and 12,000. These findings have demonstrated that a proportion (5-10%) of ovarian LH/hCG membrane receptors can be rendered water soluble with preservation of their binding properties and that the specific binding site for LH/hCG is present in proteins much smaller than the predominant 6.5S (mol wt, 194,000) form extracted by nonionic detergents. The stability of these small LH-binding sites is of value for further purification and analysis of structural determinants for gonadotropin binding.
Effect of the Experimental Parameters on Calcium Carbonate Precipitation (2013)

In this study, calcium carbonate crystals were obtained by mixing of calcium chloride and sodium carbonate in the presence of biopolymer, carboxymethyl inulin (CMI). The effect of the feed rate of reactant and the initial [Ca+2] concentration was investigated. The produced calcium carbonate (CaCO3) crystals were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In the presence of additive (0.5 g/L), the polymorph of the obtained calcium carbonate crystals changed from pure calcite to the mixture of vaterite and calcite. With adding of biopolymer, the crystal structure of calcite changed from cubic to dumbbell shape.
Atrial cardiomyocyte tachycardia alters cardiac fibroblast function: A novel consideration in atrial remodeling☆ (2007)

Rapidly-paced cardiomyocytes release substances that profoundly alter cardiac fibroblast function, inducing an activated myofibroblast phenotype that is reflected by increased ECM-gene expression in vivo. These findings are consistent with recent observations that AF per se may cause ECM remodeling, and have potentially important consequences for understanding and preventing the mechanisms underlying AF progression.
[Demonstration and analysis of immune complexes in rheumatic diseases]. (1976)

By means of an immunofluorescence technique, immune complexes have been demonstrated in circulating blood leukocytes, in serum and in joint effusions of patients with various rheumatic diseases. Such complexes are present within cell inclusions in about 30% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA patients has immune complexes in serum in 75% of cases and in joint effusions in over 80% of cases. Soluble immune complexes were demonstrated in the serum of about 30% of age-matched patients with degenerative joint disease, while such complexes are present in the serum of only 1.5% of a younger, normal control group. The immune complexes chiefly contain IgG, frequently IgM and only rarely IgA. CO complement component can frequently be demonstrated within such complexes. In RA patients a statistically significant correlation (p less than 0.001) could be established between the presence of soluble immune complexes and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, but no correlation was observed between the presence of such complexes and the Lansbury joint index. The possible pathogenetic role of immune complex clearance by circulating leukocytes in rheumatoid arthritis is discussed.
XML-based frameworks for Internet commerce and an implementation of B2B e-procurement (2001)

It is not easy to apply XML in e-commerce development for achieving interoperability in heterogeneous environments. One of the reasons is a multitude of XML-based Frameworks for Internet Commerce (XFIC), or industrial standards. This thesis surveys 15 frameworks, i.e., ebXML, eCo Framework, UDDI, SOAP, BizTalk, cXML, ICE, Open Applications Group, RosettaNet, Wf-XML, OFX, VoiceXML, RDF, WSDL and xCBL. This thesis provides three models to systematically understand how the 15 frameworks meet the requirements of e-commerce. A hierarchical model is presented to show the purpose and focus of various XFIC initiatives. A relationship model is given to show the cooperative and competitive relationships between XFIC. A chronological model is provided to look at the development of XFIC. In addition, the thesis offers guidelines for how to apply XFIC in an e-commerce development. We have also implemented a B2B e-procurement system. That not only demonstrates the feasibility of opensource or freeware, but also validates the complementary roles of XML and Java: XML is for describing contents and Java is for automating XML documents (session handling). Auction-based dynamic pricing is also realized as a feature of interest. Moreover, the implementation shows the suitability of e-procurement for educational purposes in e-commerce development.
Dependability of COTS microkernel-based systems (2002)

The commercial offer concerning microkernel technology constitutes an attractive alternative for developing operating systems to suit a wide range of application domains. However, the integration of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) microkernels into critical embedded computer systems is a problem for system developers, in particular due to the lack of objective data concerning their behavior in the presence of faults. This paper addresses this issue by describing a prototype environment, called MAFALDA (Microkernel Assessment by Fault injection AnaLysis and Design Aid), that is aimed at providing objective failure data on a candidate microkernel and also improving its error detection capabilities. The paper first presents the overall architecture of MAFALDA. Then, a case study carried out on an instance of the Chorus microkemel is used to illustrate the benefits that can be obtained with MAFALDA both from the dependability assessment and design-aid viewpoints. Implementation issues are also addressed that account for the specific API of the target microkemel. Some overall insights and lessons learned, gained during the various studies conducted on both Chorus and another target microkemel (LynxOS), are then depicted and discussed. Finally, we conclude the paper by summarizing the main features of the work presented and by identifying future research.
Optical Fiber Networks for Remote Fiber Optic Sensors (2012)

This paper presents an overview of optical fiber sensor networks for remote sensing. Firstly, the state of the art of remote fiber sensor systems has been considered. We have summarized the great evolution of these systems in recent years; this progress confirms that fiber-optic remote sensing is a promising technology with a wide field of practical applications. Afterwards, the most representative remote fiber-optic sensor systems are briefly explained, discussing their schemes, challenges, pros and cons. Finally, a synopsis of the main factors to take into consideration in the design of a remote sensor system is gathered.
The Red Cross and Refugees (1963)

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Reactive Power Compensation and Optimization Strategy for Grid-Interactive Cascaded Photovoltaic Systems (2014)

Cascaded multilevel converter structure can be appealing for high-power solar photovoltaic (PV) systems thanks to its modularity, scalability, and distributed maximum power point tracking (MPPT). However, the power mismatch from cascaded individual PV converter modules can bring in voltage and system operation issues. This paper addresses these issues, explores the effects of reactive power compensation and optimization on system reliability and power quality, and proposes coordinated active and reactive power distribution to mitigate this issue. A vector method is first developed to illustrate the principle of power distribution. Accordingly, the relationship between power and voltage is analyzed with a wide operation range. Then, an optimized reactive power compensation algorithm (RPCA) is proposed to improve the system operation stability and reliability, and facilitate MPPT implementation for each converter module simultaneously. Furthermore, a comprehensive control system with the RPCA is designed to achieve effective power distribution and dynamic voltage regulation. Simulation and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed reactive power compensation approach in grid-interactive cascaded PV systems.
The Structure of Biological Membranes (2004)

Recent research has provided an abundance of new information on membrane biochemistry. Now more than ever, it is essential to update our current understanding of membrane structure and function to fully appreciate and apply these findings.Completely revised and updated to reflect advances in the field, The Structure of Biological Membranes,
Characterization of a phosphoenzyme intermediate in the reaction of phosphoglycolate phosphatase. (1987)

When 32P-glycolate and phosphoglycolate phosphatase from spinach are mixed, 32P is incorporated into acid precipitated protein. Properties that relate the phosphorylation of the enzyme to the phosphatase are: the Km value for P-glycolate is similar for protein phosphorylation and substrate hydrolysis; the 32P in the phosphoenzyme is diluted by unlabeled P-glycolate or the specific alternative substrate, ethyl-P; the activator Cl- enhances the effectiveness of ethyl-P as a substrate and as an inhibitor of the formation of 32P-enzyme; and 32P is lost from the enzyme when 32P-glycolate is consumed. The phosphorylated protein has a molecular weight of 34,000, which is half that of the native protein and is similar in size to the labeled band that is seen on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. The enzyme-bound phosphoryl group appears to be an acylphosphate from its pH stability, being quite stable at pH 1, less stable at pH 5, and very unstable above pH 5. The bond is readily hydrolyzed in acid molybdate and it is sensitive to cleavage by hydroxylamine at pH 6.8. The demonstration of enzyme phosphorylation by 32P-glycolate resolves the dilemma presented by initial rate studies in which alternative substrates appeared to have different mechanisms (Rose, Z. B., Grove, D. S., and Seal, S. N. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 10996-11002).
<scp>CTLA</scp>‐4 blockade with ipilimumab: biology, safety, efficacy, and future considerations (2015)

Melanoma remains a critical public health problem worldwide. Patients with stage IV disease have very poor prognosis and their 1-year survival rate is only 25%. Until recently, systemic treatments with a positive impact on overall survival (OS) had remained elusive. In recent years, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) - approved several novel agents targeting the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway (vemurafenib, dabrafenib, and trametinib) - critical in cell division and proliferation of melanoma, and an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ipilimumab) directed against the cytotoxic T lymphocyte Antigen - (CTLA-4). Moreover, recent reports of clinical trials studying other immune checkpoint modulating agents will most likely result in their FDA approval within the next months. This review focuses on ipilimumab, its safety and efficacy, and future considerations. Ipilimumab has demonstrated a positive OS impact after a several-year follow-up. It is also recognized that due to its mechanism of action, the response patterns to ipilimumab can differ from those observed in patients following treatment with conventional cytotoxic agents and even the most recently approved BRAF inhibitors. Most patients (84.8%) experience drug-related adverse events (AEs) of any grade; most of these are mild to moderate and immune mediated. However, a minority of patients may also experience severe and life-threatening AEs. In clinical studies, AEs were managed according to guidelines that emphasized close clinical monitoring and early use of corticosteroids when appropriate. Preliminary results have taught us the potential greater toxicity when in combination with vemurafenib, and the greater antitumor efficacy when combined with nivolumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1), another immune checkpoint inhibitor. Future challenges include the optimization of dosing and toxicities when used as a single agent, and studying the safety and efficacy of combinations with targeted small molecules and other monoclonal antibodies to treat patients with melanoma and other malignancies.
Corrosion Behaviour of Zincalume and Galvanised Coatings in a Sulphur-containing Atmosphere (1997)

Atmospheric exposure has been performed in a high sulphur-containing environment in the Rotorua area, New Zealand. Zincalume (55%Al-Zn) coatings on mild steel sheets have been found to have a service life more than 5 times longer than the standard galvanised (Zn) coatings. It is believed that the aluminium-rich dendrites in the coatings play the main role in resisting corrosion. The corrosion mechanisms have been studied in detail based on the microstructure and microanalysis evidences obtained with optical and electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction phase identification, and electron microanalysis (EDX). The durability of the coatings was predicted by measuring the remaining volume fractions of the aluminium-rich phase with the linear intercept method.
A feature-based framework for attachment level snap-fastener design in product design for automated assembly (2003)

With the emerging global markets, success in the industry is determined by rapid product innovation, providing new quality products from a single platform, cutting product development costs and time. Since design effort consumes most of the product development time, the need to reduce design cycle time is vital in being competitive. The paper describes a feature-based framework for attachment level design of snap fasteners for products for automated assembly that addresses reducing design cycle time. In the introduction the need for such a framework is described. In the following section, previous work related to design for assembly, and concepts related to plastic part design are presented. In the next section, the developed framework is described with the introduction of feature level abstractions that capture design for automated assembly criteria. An example part design is then illustrated using the developed framework. Finally, the conclusion summarizes the benefits from this feature-based framework for product design for automated assembly.
Influence of layout parameters on snapback characteristic for a gate-grounded NMOS device in 0.13-μm silicide CMOS technology (2009)

Gate-grounded NMOS (GGNMOS) devices with different device dimensions and layout floorplans have been designed and fabricated in 0.13-μm silicide CMOS technology. The snapback characteristics of these GGNMOS devices are measured using the transmission line pulsing (TLP) measurement technique. The relationships between snapback parameters and layout parameters are shown and analyzed. A TCAD device simulator is used to explain these relationships. From these results, the circuit designer can predict the behavior of the GGNMOS devices under high ESD current stress, and design area-efficient ESD protection circuits to sustain the required ESD level. Optimized layout rules for ESD protection in 0.13-μm silicide CMOS technology are also presented.
Local‐loop based robot action control module using independent microprocessors (2009)

Abstract With increasing demand of robot applications in industry or other areas, the development of both reliable and low‐cost robot action control system is getting much attention in recent years. This paper has proposed a local‐loop based robot action control module using independent microprocessors. The robot action commands transmitted from PC via RS232 can be received by the individual authorized microprocessor. There are up to tens of modules to be operated for a variety of robot actions simultaneously and independently. Real world performance results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in term of simple, flexible and efficient performance. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 18: 593–606, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com ; DOI 10.1002/cae.20250