gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supervisory Robust Control of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2003)

The control problems that arise in connection with hybrid powertrains are significant, and pose great challenges to power-train control engineers. Big obstacles to the control design are the model complexity, and the necessity of a knowledge “a priori” of torque and velocity profiles for optimal fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. The aim of this paper is to propose a robust approach to the development of supervisory control strategies for hybrid-electric drivetrains. The objective is to determine an output feedback controller that minimize fuel consumption with respect to a family of possible torque/power input profiles, e.g. urban driving cycles. Sufficient conditions for the existence of a robust controller satisfying stability, L2 gain attenuation between inputs and outputs of interst, and input/output bound constraints are derived by means of a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs).
Synthesis and imaging of blood‐brain‐barrier permeable nitroxyl‐probes for free radical reactions in brain of living mice (1997)

Three different lipophilic nitroxyl-probes having capability to pass the blood-brain barrier were, for the first time, synthesized to estimate free radical reactions in brain of living animals. Two of the three were designed to be hydrolyzed by esterase and remain in cell. All 3 probes had high n-octanol/buffer partition coefficients and gave 2 signal components in in vivo ESR spectra at head of living mice after intravenous injection. The ESR parameters of 2 components agreed with those of probes dissolved in water and lipidic phases. ESR-CT imaging on the nitroxyl-proves after intravenous injection revealed that all probes presented in both encephalon and extracranial region of head. Tissue distribution of the nitroxyl-probes demonstrated that the newly synthesized lipophilic nitroxyl-probes had capability to pass the blood-brain barrier and accumulated in brain than that of hydrophilic probe.
Interaction of mRNA with proteins in vesicular stomatitis virus-infected cells (1986)

The interaction of mRNA with proteins in vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-infected cells was studied by photochemical cross-linking in intact cells. The major [35S]methionine-labeled proteins which became cross-linked by UV light to mRNA in uninfected and in VSV-infected HeLa cells were similar and had apparent mobilities in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis corresponding to 135, 93, 72, 68, 53, 50, 43, and 36 kilodaltons. The proteins which were cross-linked in vivo specifically to the five mRNAs of VSV were labeled through radioactive nucleotides incorporated only into VSV mRNAs under conditions (5 micrograms of actinomycin D per ml) in which only VSV mRNAs are labeled. The same major mRNP proteins that became cross-linked to host mRNAs also became cross-linked to VSV mRNAs, although several quantitative differences were detected. Photochemical cross-linking and immunoblotting of cross-linked mRNPs with VSV antiserum demonstrated that in addition to host proteins VSV mRNAs also became cross-linked to the VSV-encoded N protein. The poly(A) segment of both host and VSV mRNAs was associated in vivo selectively with the 72-kilodalton polypeptide. The major proteins of mRNA-ribonucleoprotein complexes are therefore ubiquitous and common to different mRNAs. Furthermore, since the major messenger ribonucleoproteins interact also with VSV mRNAs even though these mRNAs are transcribed in the cytoplasm, it appears that nuclear transcription and nucleocytoplasmic transport are not necessary for mRNA to interact with these proteins.
Synthesis, crystal structure and properties of a quaternary oxide with a new structure type, BiGaTi<sub>4</sub>O<sub>11</sub> (2019)

A new quaternary oxide, BiGaTi<sub>4</sub>O<sub>11</sub> (bismuth gallium tetratitanium undecaoxide), was prepared by heating a mixture of the binary oxides at 1373 K in air. BiGaTi<sub>4</sub>O<sub>11</sub> melts at 1487 K and prismatic single crystals were obtained from a sample melted at 1523 K and solidified by furnace cooling. The structure of BiGaTi<sub>4</sub>O<sub>11</sub> was analyzed using single-crystal X-ray diffraction to be of a new type that crystallized in the space group Cmcm. A Bi<sup>3+</sup> site is coordinated by nine O<sup>2-</sup> anions, and three oxygen-coordinated octahedral sites are statistically occupied by Ga<sup>3+</sup> and Ti<sup>4+</sup> cations. A relative dielectric constant of 46 with a temperature coefficient of 57 ppm K<sup>-1</sup> in the temperature range 297-448 K was measured for a polycrystalline ceramic sample at 150 Hz-1 MHz with a dielectric loss tan δ of less than 0.01. Electrical resistivities measured at 1073 K by alternating-current impedance spectroscopic and direct-current methods were 1.16 × 10<sup>-4</sup> and 1.14 × 10<sup>-4</sup> S cm<sup>-1</sup>, respectively, which indicates that electrons and/or holes were conduction carriers at high temperature. The optical band gap estimated by the results of diffuse reflectance analysis was 2.9-3.0 eV, while the band gap obtained from the activation energy for electrical conduction was 3.5 eV.
Trends of Abutment-Scour Prediction Equations Applied to 144 Field Sites in South Carolina (2006)

The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a study in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration in which predicted abutment-scour depths computed with selected predictive equations were compared with field measurements of abutment-scour depth made at 144 bridges in South Carolina. The assessment used five equations published in the Fourth Edition of 'Evaluating Scour at Bridges,' (Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18), including the original Froehlich, the modified Froehlich, the Sturm, the Maryland, and the HIRE equations. An additional unpublished equation also was assessed. Comparisons between predicted and observed scour depths are intended to illustrate general trends and order-of-magnitude differences for the prediction equations. Field measurements were taken during non-flood conditions when the hydraulic conditions that caused the scour generally are unknown. The predicted scour depths are based on hydraulic conditions associated with the 100-year flow at all sites and the flood of record for 35 sites. Comparisons showed that predicted scour depths frequently overpredict observed scour and at times were excessive. The comparison also showed that underprediction occurred, but with less frequency. The performance of these equations indicates that they are poor predictors of abutment-scour depth in South Carolina, and it is probable that poor performance will occur when the equations are applied in other geographic regions. Extensive data and graphs used to compare predicted and observed scour depths in this study were compiled into spreadsheets and are included in digital format with this report. In addition to the equation-comparison data, Water-Surface Profile Model tube-velocity data, soil-boring data, and selected abutment-scour data are included in digital format with this report. The digital database was developed as a resource for future researchers and is especially valuable for evaluating the reasonableness of future equations that may be developed.
Morphological Plasticity in Clonal Plants: The Foraging Concept Reconsidered (1995)

1 Studies of morphological plasticity in clonal plants have analysed responses to habitat quality in terms of spacer (stolon or rhizome internode) length and branching intensity. The capacity for these parameters to respond to environmental quality has been interpreted as an expression of foraging behaviour, as it confers the potential to intensify the placement of ramets in the more favourable microhabitats (patches) of a heterogeneous environment. This plasticity in clonal morphology is compared with similar responses of individual shoots and roots to habitat quality that have also been accepted as manifestations of foraging behaviour. 2 The most consistent morphological response shown by clonal species is a higher branching intensity an increased propensity of lateral meristems to grow out and form lateral rhizomes and stolons under conditions of higher resource supply. In contrast, spacer lengths show a variety of responses to light and nutrient availability, and many species exhibit no significant response. Even in stoloniferous species, where stolon internodes tend to shorten under higher photon flux densities, the degree of shortening may often be insufficient to elicit a significant concentration of ramets in favourable habitat patches. 3 Many clonal and nonclonal species have however, been shown to be very efficient in placing leaves and roots in areas of high resource supply within their environment. This is achieved by a high level of morphological plasticity of the shoot and root branches. 4 We therefore suggest that it is the highly plastic changes in the morphology of individual ramets that enable effective exploitation of local concentrations of essential resources once they have been located. The unresponsive spacer lengths of many clonal species may permit a continuous search of habitat space by the plant, rather than a selective placement of ramets. 5 The foraging concept is reformulated in more general terms relating to resourceacquisition strategies, so that it is applicable to both clonal and nonclonal species of plants.
Radio-sensitization of the murine osteosarcoma cell line LM8 with parthenolide, a natural inhibitor of NF-κB (2011)

Nuclear factor (NF)-κB has been shown to be associated with cancer resistance to radiotherapy (RT), and is constitutively active in the murine osteosarcoma cell line, LM8. Parthenolide has been reported to show antitumor activity through inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. In this study, we investigated the radio-sensitizing activity of parthenolide. We established Luc-LM8, a stable transfectant reporter construct of NF-κB transcriptional activity into LM8. Luc-LM8 maintained the malignancy observed with LM8. In vitro, Luc-LM8 cells were cultured with or without parthenolide treatment, irradiated, and subjected to cell viability and apoptosis assays. In vivo, to investigate whether parthenolide enhances radio-sensitivity of tumors, a tumor growth assay was conducted. Parthenolide enhanced the growth inhibitory effect of RT and induced the apoptosis of Luc-LM8 cells with RT in vitro. The in vivo tumor growth was significantly suppressed in the mice treated with parthenolide and RT. The present study suggests that parthenolide sensitizes Luc-LM8 cells to irradiation. Thus, parthenolide is a potential candidate for use as a potent radio-sensitizing drug for use in cancer RT.
Melatonin receptors in benign prostate epithelial cells: Evidence for the involvement of cholera and pertussis toxins–sensitive G proteins in their signal transduction pathways (1998)

BACKGROUND Melatonin, the hormone secreted nocturnally by the pineal gland, binds to epithelial cells from the human benign prostate, and can reduce their growth and viability. The possible involvement of GTP binding proteins cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in melatonin responses in these cells were investigated. METHODS The effects of melatonin on cAMP and cGMP were assessed in prostate cells untreated or pretreated with pertussis toxin (PTX) or cholera toxin (CTX). RESULTS Melatonin augmented cAMP but reduced cGMP in the epithelial cells (maximal responses at 10 nM). The increase in cAMP was attenuated by PTX, but not by CTX, whereas the decrease in cGMP was attenuated by CTX, but not by PTX. CTX, but not PTX, abolished the melatonin-mediated suppression of 3H-thymidine incorporation. In addition, melatonin facilitated the CTX- and PTX-mediated ADP ribosylation of 44- and 41-kilodalton proteins, respectively. The cGMP analogue 8-bromo-cGMP, negated the melatonin-mediated decrease in 3H-thymidine incorporation, whereas H89, a protein kinase A inhibitor, did not inhibit melatonin's effect. CONCLUSIONS Melatonin receptors in the human benign prostate epithelial cells enhance cAMP and inhibit cGMP through PTX- and CTX-sensitive G proteins, respectively. The decrease in DNA synthesis may be secondary to the melatonin-mediated decrease in cGMP. Prostate 35:27–34, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Class of Homoleptic 12‐Electron Molybdenum and Tungsten Alkoxide Clusters of Formula (M4(OR)12). (1988)

Abstract The alkoxide clusters (III) are prepared according to the scheme and characterized by elemental analysis and 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra.
Meta-Analysis of Cell Therapy Trials for Patients With Heart Failure (2015)

This study shows evidence that autologous cell therapy may be beneficial for patients having HF, but further evidence is required.
Dermal Hypersensitivity to Toxoplasma Antigens (Toxoplasmins) (1948)

SummaryThe preparation of toxoplasmin, a skin testing antigen made of toxoplasma has been described. Toxoplasmin evokes reactions of a delayed (tuberculin) type of hypersensitivity in certain patients. There is a high correlation between toxoplasmin hypersensitivity and the presence of toxoplasma neutralizing antibodies. The latter may be of very low titre and may not be unequivocally demonstrable until an anamnestic rise has occurred following the injection of the skin test dose. The ease of performance and the rapidity with which clear-cut results are obtained, make the toxoplasmin skin test the most useful single aid in the diagnosis of past or latent toxoplasmosis, wherever isolation of the caustive organism is not feasible. A test based on dermal hypersensitivity has been described facilitating the differential diagnosis of neonatal hydrocephalus.
Characterization of the Mixing Quality in Micromixers (2003)

Abstract The laminar flow patterns and mixing performance of two different micromixers have been investigated and quantified using CFD. The micromixer geometries consist of a channel with either diagonal or asymmetric herringbone grooves on the channel floor. The numerical results show that a single helical flow is produced for the diagonal mixer, whereas the herringbone mixer creates a double helical flow, composed of an alternating large and small vortex. Particle tracking of a tracer shows that very little convective mixing occurs in the diagonal mixer. However, in the herringbone mixer, very good mixing occurs. Quantitative analysis methods that are traditionally used for characterizing macro‐scale static mixers have been employed. Calculation of the variance of tracer dispersion and the stretching has shown to be well adapted for quantifying the mixing in the micromixers. However, methods based on the deformation rate appear to be less suitable. The results are in excellent agreement with previous experimental findings.
Efficacy of a workplace relaxation exercise program on muscle tenderness in a working community with headache and neck pain: a longitudinal, controlled study. (2016)

This relaxation exercise programme was remarkably cost-effective, yielding a relevant benefit on pericranial/cervical muscle tenderness in a working community, at a relatively low cost.
Utilization of Waste Heat Stream in Distillation (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUtilization of Waste Heat Stream in DistillationZbigniew T. Fidkowski and Rakesh AgrawalCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1995, 34, 4, 1287–1293Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00043a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00043a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views220Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Investigation of Acceleration Performance Feeling on a Rotary Engine Sports Car with Driving Simulator (2003)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Subjective evaluation tests of “Acceleration Performance Feeling” with a driving simulator have been carried out on a rotary engine sports car. Additionally, although the test condition is limited, a test on an in-line four-cylinder engine sedan has been carried out. Influencing factors were analyzed through the experimental design and the influences of acceleration, gas pedal controllability, engine sound and their interactions were quantified. As the result, it has been found that the interactions must be considered in addition to main effect of each factor to improve users' evaluation especially on a rotary engine sports car. Furthermore, it is concluded that influencing factors are different between a rotary engine sports car and an in-line four-cylinder engine sedan.</div>
Eliminating Cumulative Sleep Debt and Sleep Satiation (2004)

A number of partial sleep deprivation studies have been carried out to study the effect of accumulated sleep loss, but there have been relatively few sleep satiation studies. In the early days of sleep research, sleep and wakefulness were considered as entirely separate entities and were studied in isolation from one another. The Multiple Sleep Latency Test assesses daytime sleep tendency by measuring the speed of falling asleep. The homeostatic mechanism in the human brain responds to sleep reduction by increasing the tendency to fall asleep and, presumably, decreases the tendency to fall asleep in response to an increase in the amount of sleep. In describing the effects of sleep debt reduction, it is desirable to distinguish subjective sleepiness from objective sleepiness, though both are caused by the underlying homeostatic sleep drive. Chronic partial sleep deprivation unquestionably leads to accumulation of impairment and progressively increased sleep tendency, the sum of which have been referred to as “sleep debt.”
Complete amino acid sequence of the collagenase from the insect Hypoderma lineatum. (1987)

The primary structure of the Hypoderma lineatum collagenase was determined. Chymotrypsin digestion and thermolysin fragmentation of the chymotryptic core gave 30 and 5 peptides, respectively, accounting for all the residues of the protein. These peptides were aligned with overlapping peptides derived from tryptic and Staphylococcus aureus V8 proteinase digests. Hypoderma collagenase is a serine proteinase composed of 230 amino acids (Mr 25,223). It displays a high degree of sequential homology with the serine proteinases of the trypsin family, especially with another collagenolytic enzyme, the proteinase I of the crab Uca pugilator. The six half-cystinyl residues of Hypoderma collagenase correspond to 6 of the 10 half-cystinyl residues of chymotrypsin, and the residues forming the charge-relay system of the active site of chymotrypsin (His-57, Asp-102, and Ser-195) are found in corresponding regions. The prediction of the secondary structure of the collagenase is given.
Reference design for the standard mirror hybrid reactor (1978)

This report describes the results of a two-year study by Lawrence Livermore Laboratory and General Atomic Co. to develop a conceptual design for the standard (minimum-B) mirror hybrid reactor. The reactor parameters have been chosen to minimize the cost of producing nuclear fuel (/sup 239/Pu) for consumption in fission power reactors (light water reactors). The deuterium-tritium plasma produces approximately 400 MW of fusion power with a plasma Q of 0.64. The fast-fission blanket, which is fueled with depleted uranium and lithium, generates sufficient tritium to run the reactor, has a blanket energy multiplication of M = 10.4, and has a net fissile breeding ratio of Pu/n = 1.51. The reactor has a net electrical output of 600 MWe, a fissile production of 2000 kg of plutonium per year (at a capacity factor of 0.74), and a net plant efficiency of 0.18. The plasma-containment field is generated by a Yin-Yang magnet using NbTi superconductor, and the neutral beam system uses positive-ion acceleration with beam direct conversion. The spherical blanket is based on gas-cooled fast reactor technology. The fusion components, blanket, and primary heat-transfer loop components are all contained within a prestressed-concrete reactor vessel, which provides magnet restraint and supports the primary heat-transfer loop and the blanket.
Skin hypersensitivity to parainfluenza‐3 virus in cattle (1973)

Summary Skin hypersensitivity to parainfluenca‐3 virus in cattle A skin hypersensitivity to parainfluenza‐3 virus (PIV‐3) was induced in cattle by previous natural infection with PIV‐3. Very young calves, possessing what was considered to be exclusively maternal antibodies to PIV‐3, did not show any skin hypersensitivity. Zusammenfassung Haut‐Überempfindlichkeit gegenüber Parainfluenza‐3‐Virus bei Rindern Bei Rindern kam es nach natürlicher Infektion mit Parainfluenza 3‐Virus zu einer Überempfindlichkeit der Haut gegenüber dem homologen Virus. Junge Kälber mit Parainfluenza‐3‐Antikörpern maternalen Ursprungs zeigten gegenüber dem Parainfluenza‐3‐Virus keine Hautüberempfindlichkeit. Resumen Hypersensibilidad cutanea contra el virus de la parainfluenza‐3 en bovinos Se obtuvo una reacción de hipersensibilidad cutánea contra el virus de la parainfluenza‐3 (PIV‐3) en bovinos que demostraron una infección natural de PIV‐3. Terneros muy jóvenes, que poseían lo que se consideró como anticuerpos exclusivamente maternales contra PIV‐3, no manifestaron nin‐guna reacción de hipersensibilidad cutánea. Résumé Supersensibilité cutanée au virus de parainfluenza‐3 chez des bovins Une supersensibilité cutanée au virus de parainfluenza‐3 (PIV‐3) a été obtenue chez des bovins qui avaient naturellement été contaminés du virus de parainfluenza‐3. De très jeunes veaux possédant ce qu'on considère comme exclusivement des anticorps maternels au PIV‐3 ne manifestèrent aucune supersensibilité cutanée.
Electron spin resonance (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron spin resonanceEdward G. JanzenCite this: Anal. Chem. 1974, 46, 5, 478–490Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1974https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60341a023RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views188Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts