gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Corneal stromal stem cells restore transparency after N2 injury in mice (2020)

Corneal scarring associated with various corneal conditions is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that corneal stromal stem cells have a therapeutic effect and are able to restore the extracellular matrix organization and corneal transparency in vivo. We first developed a mouse model of corneal stromal scar induced by liquid nitrogen (N<sub>2</sub> ) application. We then reversed stromal scarring by injecting mouse or human corneal stromal stem cells in injured cornea. To characterize the mouse model developed in this study and the therapeutic effect of corneal stromal stem cells, we used a combination of in vivo (slit lamp, optical coherence tomography, in vivo confocal microscopy, optical coherence tomography shear wave elastography, and optokinetic tracking response) and ex vivo (full field optical coherence microscopy, flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy, and histology) techniques. The mouse model obtained features early inflammation, keratocyte apoptosis, keratocyte transformation into myofibroblasts, collagen type III synthesis, impaired stromal ultrastructure, corneal stromal haze formation, increased corneal rigidity, and impaired visual acuity. Injection of stromal stem cells in N<sub>2</sub> -injured cornea resulted in improved corneal transparency associated with corneal stromal stem cell migration and growth in the recipient stroma, absence of inflammatory response, recipient corneal epithelial cell growth, decreased collagen type III stromal content, restored stromal ultrastructure, decreased stromal haze, decreased corneal rigidity, and improved vision. Our study demonstrates the ability of corneal stromal stem cells to promote regeneration of transparent stromal tissue after corneal scarring induced by liquid nitrogen.
Field investigation and finite element modelling of a progressive debris slide in the Indian Himalayas (2012)

The paper highlights the detailed field and laboratory investigation along with finite element modelling of a progressive debris slide along a highly vulnerable road stretch of Chamoli-Badrinath highway (NH-58) in Indian Himalayas. To investigate the failure process of the landslide, the slope was modelled along two different profiles using a finite element package PHASE 2 based on a 2dimensional elasto-plastic model for calculating stresses and displacements. The material properties for different layers on the slope were chosen from the laboratory test results of soil samples and available literature. Shear Strength Reduction (SSR) analysis was performed to determine the critical Strength Reduction Factor (SRF). It is observed that the critical SRF is 0.54 for left flank and 0.53 for right flank slope profiles. This indicates that the slope is highly unstable. The results show very good correlation with the observed field conditions. The locations of the landslide scars, from where the sliding processes have already been initiated, match exactly with the FE analysis result. The plane of sliding is observed to be the boundary between the bedrock and the highly weathered disintegrated dolomitic soil. A model to predict the progressive failure mechanism of the western flank of the landslide has also been attempted. After sliding of the material from the toe portion, the result of the FE analysis showed the probable location of 2 nd phase of detachment and with further sliding the final phase of detachment was obtained. The FE analysis results have also been validated with the field signatures.
Reaction of hydrogen zeolite Y with ammonia at elevated temperatures (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleReaction of hydrogen zeolite Y with ammonia at elevated temperaturesGeorge T. Kerr and George F. ShipmanCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1968, 72, 8, 3071–3072Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100854a084https://doi.org/10.1021/j100854a084research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views341Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Molecular Mechanisms of Local Anesthesia (1990)

Impulse block by LA occurs through the inhibition of voltage-gated Na+ channels. Both protonated and neutral LAs can inhibit Na+ channels though interference with the conformational changes that underly the activation process (the sequence of events that occurs as channels progress from the closed resting state to the open conducting state). The occlusion of open channels contributes little to the overall inhibition. Local anesthetic inhibition of Na+ currents increases with repetitive depolarizations in a process called phasic block. Phasic block represents increased LA binding, either because more channels become accessible during depolarization or because the channel conformations favored by depolarization bind LA with higher affinity. The details of phasic block are dependent on LA chemistry: certain LAs bind and dissociate quite rapidly, others act more slowly; some LAs interact effectively with closed states that occur intermediately between resting and open states, others favor the open channel, and still others have a higher affinity for inactivated states. Channel activation accelerates LA binding, and LAs may bind more tightly to activated and inactivated than to resting channels. In this regard, both the modulated receptor and the guarded receptor hypotheses are valid. In binding to activated and inactivated channels, LAs prevent the conformational changes of activation and antagonize the binding of activator agents that poise channels in activated, open states. These reciprocal actions are one aspect of the concerted conformational rearrangements that occur throughout Na+ channels during gating. The LA binding site may exist in the channel's pore, at the membrane-protein interface, or within the protein subunits of the channel. Judging from its susceptibility to intracellular proteases and its accessibility to LAs with limited membrane permeability (i.e., quaternary LAs in the cytoplasm), the site lies nearer to the cytoplasmic than the external surface of the membrane. Nevertheless, protons in the external medium influence the dissociation of LA from the closed channel. Binding of LAs at the inhibitory site is weak and loose. If one accounts for the membrane-concentrating effects of LA hydrophobicity that are expressed as membrane: buffer partition coefficients equal to 10(2)-10(4), then the apparent LA affinities are low. The equilibrium dissociation constants calculated on the basis of free drug in the membrane are 1-10 mM, with a correspondingly weak binding to the inhibitory LA site. The stereospecificity of LA action is also relatively nonselective, suggesting a loose fit between ligand and binding site.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Informative Group Testing for Multiplex Assays (2018)

Infectious disease testing frequently takes advantage of two tools-group testing and multiplex assays-to make testing timely and cost effective. Until the work of Tebbs et al. (2013) and Hou et al. (2017), there was no research available to understand how best to apply these tools simultaneously. This recent work focused on applications where each individual is considered to be identical in terms of the probability of disease. However, risk-factor information, such as past behavior and presence of symptoms, is very often available on each individual to allow one to estimate individual-specific probabilities. The purpose of our paper is to propose the first group testing algorithms for multiplex assays that take advantage of individual risk-factor information as expressed by these probabilities. We show that our methods significantly reduce the number of tests required while preserving accuracy. Throughout this paper, we focus on applying our methods with the Aptima Combo 2 Assay that is used worldwide for chlamydia and gonorrhea screening.
Monstro Simile - Das Ende der Mitbestimmung (2004)

Prof. Dr. Michael Adams, Universität Hamburg, kommentiert das Urteil des Europäischen Gerichtshofes, das Unternehmen ermöglicht, ausländische Rechtsformen zu wählen und dann deren Sitz nach Deutschland zu verlegen.
A temporal comparison of AltaVista Web searching (2005)

Abstract Major Web search engines, such as AltaVista, are essential tools in the quest to locate online information. This article reports research that used transaction log analysis to examine the characteristics and changes in AltaVista Web searching that occurred from 1998 to 2002. The research questions we examined are (1) What are the changes in AltaVista Web searching from 1998 to 2002? (2) What are the current characteristics of AltaVista searching, including the duration and frequency of search sessions? (3) What changes in the information needs of AltaVista users occurred between 1998 and 2002? The results of our research show (1) a move toward more interactivity with increases in session and query length, (2) with 70% of session durations at 5 minutes or less, the frequency of interaction is increasing, but it is happening very quickly, and (3) a broadening range of Web searchers' information needs, with the most frequent terms accounting for less than 1% of total term usage. We discuss the implications of these findings for the development of Web search engines.
Cloning and Overexpression of the Xylitol Dehydrogenase Gene from <i>Bacillus pallidus</i> and Its Application to <scp>L</scp>-Xylulose Production (2010)

The xylitol dehydrogenase gene (xdh) of Bacillus pallidus was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli using pQE60 vector, for the first time. The open reading frame of 759 bp encoded a 253 amino acid protein with a calculated molecular mass of 27,333 Da. The recombinant xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) was purified to homogeneity by three-step column chromatography, producing a single SDS-PAGE band of 28 kDa apparent molecular mass. The enzyme exhibited maximal activity at 55 °C in glycine-NaOH buffer pH 11.0, with 66% of initial enzyme activity retained after incubation at 40 °C for 1 h. In further application of the recombinant bacterium to L-xylulose production from xylitol (initial concentration 5%) using a resting cell reaction, 35% L-xylulose was produced within 24 h. This result indicates that this recombinant XDH is applicable in the large-scale production of L-xylulose.
Recent progress in the development of anti-malarial quinolones (2014)

Available anti-malarial tools have over the ten-year period prior to 2012 dramatically reduced the number of fatalities due to malaria from one million to less than six-hundred and thirty thousand. Although fewer people now die from malaria, emerging resistance to the first-line anti-malarial drugs, namely artemisinins in combination with quinolines and arylmethanols, necessitates the urgent development of new anti-malarial drugs to curb the disease. The quinolones are a promising class of compounds, with some demonstrating potent in vitro activity against the malaria parasite. This review summarizes the progress made in the development of potential anti-malarial quinolones since 2008. The efficacy of these compounds against both asexual blood stages and other stages of the malaria parasite, the nature of putative targets, and a comparison of these properties with anti-malarial drugs currently in clinical use, are discussed.
Temporal and Spatial Analysis of Sin Nombre Virus Quasispecies in Naturally Infected Rodents (1999)

Sin Nombre virus (SNV) is thought to establish a persistent infection in its natural reservoir, the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), despite a strong host immune response. SNV-specific neutralizing antibodies were routinely detected in deer mice which maintained virus RNA in the blood and lungs. To determine whether viral diversity played a role in SNV persistence and immune escape in deer mice, we measured the prevalence of virus quasispecies in infected rodents over time in a natural setting. Mark-recapture studies provided serial blood samples from naturally infected deer mice, which were sequentially analyzed for SNV diversity. Viral RNA was detected over a period of months in these rodents in the presence of circulating antibodies specific for SNV. Nucleotide and amino acid substitutions were observed in viral clones from all time points analyzed, including changes in the immunodominant domain of glycoprotein 1 and the 3' small segment noncoding region of the genome. Viral RNA was also detected in seven different organs of sacrificed deer mice. Analysis of organ-specific viral clones revealed major disparities in the level of viral diversity between organs, specifically between the spleen (high diversity) and the lung and liver (low diversity). These results demonstrate the ability of SNV to mutate and generate quasispecies in vivo, which may have implications for viral persistence and possible escape from the host immune system.
<title>Analysis of fully polarimetric W-band ISAR imagery on seven-scale model main battle tanks for use in target recognition</title> (2002)

Fully polarimetric high-resolution W-band target signature data has been collected on 7 high fidelity 1/16th scale model main battle tanks. Data has been collected at several different elevation angles and target poses. Additionally, targets have been measured both on 1/16th scale simulated ground terrain and in free-space. ISAR images were formed from this data for use in several different target identification algorithms. These algorithms include using the data in both linear and circular polarization. The results of the inter-comparisons of the data using different algorithms are presented. Where possible the data has been compared with existing W-band Full-scale field measurements. The data is taken using a 1.55THz compact range designed to model W-band. The 1.55THz transceiver uses two high- stability optically pumped far-infrared lasers, microwave/laser Schottky diode side-band generation for frequency sweep, and a pair of Schottky diode receivers for coherent integration.
Lipids: Definition, Isolation, Separation and Detection (2002)

This chapter contains section titled: Introduction Definitions Structural Chemistry and Nomenclature Extraction of Lipids from Natural Samples Likely Components of the Crude Lipid Extract General Features of Lipids Important for Their Analysis Chromatographic Techniques for Separating Lipids Other Useful Methods Summary Further Reading
Strong Metal-Support Interactions (1986)

Studies of metal-support interactions have yielded significant progress in the past few years. It is appropriate, at the outset of the Metal-Support Interaction symposium, to review our current state of knowledge. We will focus on those facts that seem firmly established as well as on the major items that remain controversial. A brief synopsis of the older literature will be given first. The finding that the chemisorption properties of Group VIII metals are drastically altered by titania supports following high-temperature-reduction (1), later generalized to include other reducible transition metal oxides (2), was interpreted to mean that a strong interaction occurred between these phases. A theoretical model (3) indicated covalent bonding between a Ti3+ cation and a Pt atom and further suggested that cation-to-metal charge transfer would strengthen the interaction. This electronic perturbation of the metal atoms was held responsible for the suppressed chemisorption of H2 and CO, although the
Impact of Transgenic<i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>Corn and Crop Phenology on Five Nontarget Arthropods (2005)

Large-scale field studies were conducted to determine if temporal plantings of Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) (Bt) corn (event 176 and Bt11) would affect the seasonal abundance of the following generalist predators: Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer and Cycloneda munda (Say) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Orius insidiosus (Say) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae), Chrysoperla carnea Stephens (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), and one specialist parasitoid, Macrocentrus cingulum Brischke (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Adult populations were monitored using Pherocon AM yellow sticky traps at three locations in Iowa (1996–1998). At each location, a split-plot design was used with Bt and non-Bt corn as main plots and three planting dates as the split plots. Few differences in abundance were observed between Bt and non-Bt corn for the generalist predators studied. However, M. cingulum, a specialist parasitoid of European corn borer, was significantly affected by the presence of Bt corn. Densities of adult M. cingulum were 29–60% lower in Bt corn compared with non-Bt corn. Regression analyses indicated M. cingulum adults were preferentially recruited to and subsequently increased over time in the non-Bt corn treatments at each location within each year. Significant differences were observed among planting dates for all five species. Abundance effects from Bt corn on these natural enemies were not unexpected given the foraging and searching behaviors of different species and their varying levels of dependence on the presence of European corn borer.
Phonon Emission and Self-Energy Effects in Normal-Metal Tunneling (1969)

We discuss the dependence of conductance on voltage for metal-insulator-metal junctions for the bias range from 0-1 V. The dependence is roughly parabolic but the minimum conductance need not occur at $V=0$. Small deviations from this parabolic conductance behavior are described. These are due to interactions of the tunneling electrons with impurities in the oxide, the oxide itself, or the surface layers of the metal electrodes. These emission processes are studied by calculating the even conductance and its derivative. This derivative, at low voltages, is a crude measure of the phonon density in the normal-metal electrode. We show that self-energy effects in the normal metal can be conveniently displayed by calculating the odd conductance. Such experimental effects are presented for normal Pb, and are in good agreement with the self-energy calculated from superconducting tunneling.
Molybdenum Metabolism in Plants (1999)

Abstract: Among the micronutrients essential for plant growth and for microsymbionts, Mo is required in minute amounts. However, since Mo is often sequestered by Fe‐ or Al‐oxihydrox‐ides, especially in acidic soils, the concentration of the water‐soluble molybdate anion available for uptake by plants may be limiting for the plant, even when the total Mo content of the soil is sufficient. In contrast to bacteria, no specific molybdenum uptake system is known for plants, but since molybdate and sulfate behave similarly and have similar structure, uptake of molybdate could be mediated unspecifically by one of the sulfate transporters. Transport into the different plant organs proceeds via xylem and phloem. A pterin‐bound molybdenum is the cofactor of important plant enzymes involved in redox processes: nitrate reductase, xanthine dehydrogenase, aIdehyde oxidase, and probably sulfite oxidase. Biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) starts with a guanosine‐X‐phos‐phate. Subsequently, a sulfur‐free pterin is synthesized, sulfur is added, and finally molybdenum is incorporated. In addition to the molybdopterin enzymes, small molybdopterin binding proteins without catalytic function are known and are probably involved in the storage of Moco. In symbiotic systems the nitrogen supply of the host plant is strongly influenced by the availability of Mo in soil, since both bacterial nitrogenase and NADPH‐dependent nitrate reductase of mycorrhizal fungi are Mo enzymes.
Cellular characteristics of sputum from patients with asthma and chronic bronchitis. (1989)

The reproducibility of sputum cell counts was examined and the cell counts in patients with asthma were compared with those in patients with chronic bronchitis. Three groups of subjects were studied. Sputum from eight patients with chronic asthma and with sputum production were studied to determine the reproducibility of sputum cell counts. The findings in 10 non-smokers with asthma uncomplicated by other airway disease examined at the time of an exacerbation with sputum (group 2) were compared with those from eight smokers with chronic cough and sputum but no features of asthma (group 3). Sputum plugs were selected by microscopy to ensure their origin from the lower respiratory tract. A total cell count was performed on a trypsinised suspension, and differential and metachromatic cell counts were performed on undiluted plugs. The within specimen and test-retest reproducibility of these measurements was high (reliability coefficient, R, = 0.99 and 0.89). The sputum of the asthmatic patients was characterised by eosinophilia (69%, range 46-92%) and the presence of formaldehyde blockable metachromatic cells (1.5%, range 0.6-2.8%). In comparison, the sputum of the patients with chronic bronchitis had few eosinophils (0.5%) or metachromatic cells (0.14%); the dominant cell type was the macrophage (83%). It is concluded that sputum cell counts are reproducible in the short term, the inflammation of asthma is characterised by eosinophilia and metachromatic cells in sputum, and sputum may provide a useful source of cells for investigating the cellular characteristics of airway inflammation.
Multi‐fluid simulations of the magnetosphere: The identification of the geopause and its variation with IMF (1998)

A new multi‐fluid global treatment is presented that separately tracks the solar wind and ionospheric plasmas in the magnetosphere. The model is used to identify the density and pressure geopauses, i.e. the boundaries where the contributions to the magnetospheric density or pressure from the ionosphere equals that from the solar wind. The density geopause is primarily restricted to the inner magnetosphere and central lobes for northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) but during southward IMF it can extend into middle magnetosphere due to enhanced ionospheric outflow and convection. This variation is consistent with recent statistical studies that show that the plasma sheet density is correlated with the solar wind density, particularly during northward IMF.
Comparison of <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> Bioactivity of SrO—CaO—ZnO—SiO<sub>2</sub> Glass Grafts (2008)

A range of calcium-strontium-zinc-silicate glass grafts are developed. Following characterization, their ability to form an apatite layer in simulated body fluid (SBF) is evaluated. Concurrently, their in vivo biocompatibility is determined. These glasses are incapable of forming an apatite layer in SBF. However, in vivo, each glass is well tolerated with new bone formation apparent in close apposition to implanted particles and no evidence of an inflammatory response. Such results are contrary to much of the literature and indicate that forecasting a materials ability to bond to bone based on SBF experiments may provide a false negative result.