gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential Inhibition of Hsc70 Activities by Two Hsc70-Binding Peptides (2002)

The ability of two high-affinity Hsc70-binding peptides [FYQLALT (peptide-Phi) and NIVRKKK (peptide-K)] to differentially inhibit Hsc70-dependent processes in rabbit reticulocyte lysate (RRL) was examined. Both peptide-Phi and peptide-K inhibited chaperone-dependent renaturation of luciferase in RRL. Peptide-Phi, but not peptide-K, blocked Hsp90/Hsc70-dependent transformation of the heme-regulated eIF2 alpha kinase (HRI) into an active, heme-regulatable kinase. In contrast, peptide-K, but not peptide-Phi, inhibited Hsc70-mediated suppression of the activation of mature-transformed HRI. Furthermore, HDJ2 (Human DnaJ homologue 2), but not HDJ1, potentiated the ability of Hsc70 to suppress the activation of HRI in RRL. Mechanistically, peptide-K inhibited, while peptide-Phi enhanced, HDJ2-induced stimulation of Hsc70 ATPase activity in vitro. The data presented support the hypotheses that peptide-Phi acts to inhibit Hsc70 function by binding to the hydrophobic peptide-binding cleft of Hsc70, while peptide-K acts through binding to a site that modulates the interaction of Hsc70 with DnaJ homologues. Overall, the data indicate that peptide-Phi and peptide-K have differential effects on Hsc70 functions under quasi-physiological conditions in RRL, and suggest that therapeutically valuable peptide mimetics can be designed to inhibit specific functions of Hsc70.
Scanning conductive probe microscopy of thiophen molecules incorporated into chemically adsorbed monolayer (2008)

We will describe a technique for acquiring the current-voltage characteristics of a metal-molecule-metal probe junction in the lateral direction using a conducting probe atomic force microscopy (CP-AFM) technique. To conduct a repetitive experiment efficiently, we have utilized the current imaging mode of the CP-AFM system. We have prepared a chemically adsorbed monolayer (CAM) of 3-{6-{11-(Trichlorosilyl)undecanoyl}hexyl} thiophene (TEN) on a glass substrate. The samples with the electric path were prepared by a chemical adsorption technique with TEN on a glass substrate, followed by an electro-oxidative polymerization with pure water. The conductivity of a polythiophene derivative monolayer was investigated for its application as a wire. The corresponding I-V curves have exhibited stability and are steep in current.
Characterization of silicon-oxynitride dielectric thin films using grazing incidence x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (2001)

To achieve the future goals for logic device dielectric film thickness and composition metrology, a set of well-characterized calibration reference material standards are needed for validating real-time diagnostic techniques used during production. However, there are only a finite number of techniques capable of providing the desired information within this thickness range. Furthermore, the techniques available can disagree on the absolute measured film thickness by an amount that is greater than their respective measurement uncertainty. It is evident that more information is needed to establish a measurement technique capable of satisfying this requirement for the ULSI semiconductor manufacturing industry. A promising technique for characterizing ultrathin films is grazing incidence x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (GIXPS). GIXPS utilizes the dependence on the material properties of the film, along with the incident angle of the x-rays to control the electric field penetration into the sample. By varying the angle of incidence from zero to some value slightly greater than the angle for total x-ray external reflection, it is possible to nondestructively probe the nature of the film depth profile. The desired physical properties, such as film profile, density and thickness, are extracted by constructing a model of the film structure and comparing the measured angle-dependent photoemission spectrum to the calculated spectrum. The measured dielectric thin film thickness and the film depth profile from a diverse group of silicon oxynitride samples in the range of 2 nm to 5 nm will be discussed. In addition, challenges associated with the dependence of the technique upon various fundamental materials parameters will be addressed.
Four new compounds from Isodon eriocalyx (1997)

Examination of the chemical constituents of the dried leaves of Isodon eriocalyx (Dunn.) Hara led to the isolation of four new diterpenoids, named maoecrystal Q-T (1-4). Their structures were elucidated as , 15-dione(1), (3) and (4), respectively, on the basis of spectroscopic methods. Meanwhile, five known diterpeonids eriocalyxin B (5), maoecrystal B-D (6-8) and trichokaurin (9) were also obtained.
Reaction of azapeptides with human leukocyte elastase and porcine pancreatic elastase. New inhibitors and active site titrants. (1984)

The reaction of a series of azapeptides with porcine pancreatic (PP) elastase and human leukocyte (HL) elastase has been studied and a series of new inhibitors and active site titrants were found for both PP elastase and HL elastase. Azapeptide p-nitrophenyl esters acylate both HL and PP elastase to form stable acylenzymes, which can be used for crystallographic studies. We have investigated the effect of a P1, P2, or P3 aza-amino acid residue on the reactivity of azapeptides with elastase. We have also studied the effect of changing the nature of the P1' leaving group and other portions of azapeptide structure. N-Acetyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-alpha-azaalanine p-nitrophenyl ester, N-acetyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-alpha-azanorleucine p-nitrophenyl ester, and N-acetyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-alpha-azanorvaline p-nitrophenyl ester are suitable titrants for either PP or HL elastase.
Altered Breast Development in Young Girls from an Agricultural Environment (2005)

In several human populations, the age at which female breast development begins is reported to have declined over the last five decades. Much debate has occurred over whether this reported decline has actually occurred and what factors contribute to it. However, geographical patterns reflecting earlier developmental onset in some human populations suggest environmental factors influence this phenomenon. These factors include interactions between genetic makeup, nutrition, and possible cumulative exposure to estrogens, both endogenous as well as environmental beginning during in utero development. We examined the onset of breast development in a group of peripubertal girls from the Yaqui Valley of Sonora, Mexico. We observed that girls from valley towns, areas using modern agricultural practices, exhibited larger breast fields than those of girls living in the foothills who exhibited similar stature [e.g., weight, height, body mass index (BMI)], and genetic background. Further, girls from valley towns displayed a poorly defined relationship between breast size and mammary gland development, whereas girls from the Yaqui foothills, where traditional ranching occurs, show a robust positive relationship between breast size and mammary size. The differences noted were obtained by a medically based exam involving morphometric analysis and palpation of tissues, in contrast to visual staging alone. In fact, use of the Tanner scale, involving visual staging of breast development for puberty, detected no differences between the study populations. Mammary tissue, determined by palpation, was absent in 18.5% of the girls living in agricultural areas, although palpable breast adipose tissue was present. No relationship was seen between mammary diameter and weight or BMI in either population. These data suggest that future in-depth studies examining mammary tissue growth and fat deposition in breast tissue are required if we are to understand environmental influences on these phenomena.
Treatment of hip dysplasia in older children with a combined one-stage procedure. (1998)

This retrospective study was conducted to determine the efficacy and complication rates associated with treating children of ambulatory age with idiopathic developmental dysplasia of the hip with open reduction and combined femoral and pelvic osteotomies. Eighteen hips were reviewed in 13 patients. The average patient age at surgery was 29 months (range, 15-117 months), with an average followup of 43 months (range, 24-78 months). Preoperative Tonnis classification identified six Class II, seven Class III, and five Class IV hips. Followup Severin classification identified 16 Class 1A and two Class 2A hips. The average center edge angle on most recent followup was 47 degrees (range, 25 degrees-70 degrees), and the acetabular index was 5 degrees (range, 0 degree-20 degrees). Avascular necrosis developed in one (5.5%) patient. Clinically, all patients were pain free with ambulation and had excellent results by McKay criteria. No patient required a second surgical procedure for recurrent subluxation or persistent acetabular dysplasia. The treatment of children who are of ambulatory age with developmental dysplasia of the hip using open reduction and combined osteotomies was safe and effective.
Tuning of the electro-mechanical behavior of the cellular carbon nanotube structures with nanoparticle dispersions (2014)

The mechanical and electrical characteristics of cellular network of the carbon nanotubes (CNT) impregnated with metallic and nonmetallic nanoparticles were examined simultaneously by employing the nanoindentation technique. Experimental results show that the nanoparticle dispersion not only enhances the mechanical strength of the cellular CNT by two orders of magnitude but also imparts variable nonlinear electrical characteristics; the latter depends on the contact resistance between nanoparticles and CNT, which is shown to depend on the applied load while indentation. Impregnation with silver nanoparticles enhances the electrical conductance, the dispersion with copper oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles reduces the conductance of CNT network. In all cases, a power law behavior with suppression in the differential conductivity at zero bias was noted, indicating electron tunneling through the channels formed at the CNT-nanoparticle interfaces. These results open avenues for designing cellular CNT foams with desired electro-mechanical properties and coupling.
Mutanolysin for Improved Lysis and Rapid Protoplast Formation in Dairy Streptococci (1982)

Mutanolysin, an N-acetylmuramidase, was more effective than lysozyme in lysing and in generating protoplasts of dairy streptococci.
Modelling of resist performance (1994)

Abstract Simulation of lithographic processes uksing novolac/diazonaphthoquinone resists has become widespread over the past 15 years. Several refinements to the original Dill model have been made to account for experimentally observed behavior. Models have also bee extended to cover other resist chemistry, including electron beam resists, chemically amplified resists and surface‐imaging approaches. While these models are not yet mature, useful insight to the chemical mechanisms and processing can be gained through their use.
Locally Efficient Estimation in Censored Data Models: Theory and Examples (2000)

In many applications the observed data can be viewed as a censored high dimensional full data random variable X. By the curve of dimensionality it is typically not possible to construct estimators that are asymptotically efficient at every probability distribution in a semiparametric censored data model of such a high dimensional censored data structure. We provide a general method for construction of one-step estimators that are efficient at a chosen submodel of the full-data model, are still well behaved off this submodel and can be chosen to always improve on a given initial estimator. These one-step estimators rely on good estimators of the censoring mechanism and thus will require a parametric or semiparametric model for the censoring mechanism. We present a general theorem that provides a template for proving the desired asymptotic results. We illustrate the general one-step estimation methods by constructing locally efficient one-step estimators of marginal distributions and regression parameters with right-censored data, current status data and bivariate right-censored data, in all models allowing the presence of time-dependent covariates. The conditions of the asymptotics theorem are rigorously verified in one of the examples and the key condition of the general theorem is verified for all examples.
Effects of isoniazid and its metabolites on phenytoin biotransformation in isolated rat hepatocytes. (1987)

The inhibitory effects of isoniazid, its metabolites and related compounds on phenytoin biotransformation were studied in an isolated rat hepatocyte system. Oxidation of phenytoin was inhibited strongly by isoniazid, acetylhydrazine, benzoylhydrazine and phenylhydrazine, and weakly (but significantly) by acetylisoniazid and hydrazine. Isonicotinic acid and diacetylhydrazine showed no effect. These observations may indicate that active hydrazine compounds are ones which can give a relatively significant rise to reactive intermediates such as radicals, diazene compounds or their reratives during the oxidation metabolism. On the other hand, glucuronidation of the oxidized metabolite, 5-phenyl-5- (p-hydroxyphenyl) hydantoin, was not affected by isoniazid.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of TeCl4 with Formamides. Formation of Tetramethylformamidinium Ion and Alkoxy Group Coordination to Tellurium. (1990)

Abstract Tellurium tetrachloride (I) reacts with dimethylformamide (II) at reflux temperature to give the tetramethylformamidinium dimethylammonium hexachlorotellurate (III).
Early Detection of Message Forwarding Faults (2000)

In most communication networks, pairs of processors communicate by sending messages over a path connecting them. We present communication-efficient protocols that quickly detect and locate any failure along the path. Whenever there is excessive delay in forwarding messages along the path, the protocols detect a failure (even when the delay is caused by maliciously programmed processors). The protocols ensure optimal time for either message delivery or failure detection. We observe that the actual delivery time $\delta$ of a message over a link is usually much smaller than the a priori known upper bound D on that delivery time. The main contribution of this paper is the way to model and take advantage of this observation. We introduce the notion of asynchronously early-terminating protocols, as well as protocols that are asynchronously early-terminating, i.e., time optimal in both worst case and typical cases. More precisely, we present a time complexity measure according to which one evaluates protocols both in terms of D and $\delta$. We observe that asynchronously early termination is a form of competitiveness. The protocols presented here are asynchronously early terminating since they are time optimal both in terms of D and of $\delta$. Previous communication-efficient solutions were slow in the case where $\delta \ll D$. We observe that this is the most typical case. It is suggested that the time complexity measure introduced, as well as the notion of asynchronously early-terminating, can be useful when evaluating protocols for other tasks in communication networks. The model introduced can be a useful step towards a formal analysis of real-time systems. Our protocols have O(n log n) worst-case communication complexity. We show that this is the best possible for protocols that send immediately any acknowledgment they ever send. Then we show an early-terminating protocol which uses timing and delay to reduce the communication complexity in the typical executions where the number of failures is small and $\delta \ll D$. In such executions, its message complexity is linear, as is the complexity of nonfault tolerant protocols.
Abstract 469: APOL1 Genotypes and Risk of Heart Failure: an Additive Genetic Effect in the Elderly, but Not in the Young Adults in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (2018)

Objective: Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1), the major protein component of HDL, is identified having an association with renal disease in African Americans (AA). We assessed the hypothesis that the genetic variations in APOL1 (G1 and G2 alleles) are associated with risk of heart failure (HF), and this effect is modified by age. Methods: Subjects aged 21-75, with an estimated GFR (eGFR) of 20 to 70 ml/min/1.73 m 2 at baseline recruitments (April 2003-Sept 2008), who were free of HF participating in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study and followed-up through March 2013 are analyzed (White: 1335, AA:1323). The associations of APOL1 risk genotype (assessed by either 1 of the G1 and G2, or 2 of their combinations, i.e., G1/G1, G1/G2 or G2/G2) with incident HF and mortality are examined using Cox’s regression models. Results: Within a mean 7-year (SD: 2.1) follow-up, AA had a significantly higher incidence of HF than White (2.62 vs. 1.67 per 100 person-year (PY), p=0.006) in those aged<65, and 3.94 vs. 2.71 per 100 PY (p=0.026) in those aged≥65. Cox’s models, with adjusted age, sex, eGFR and HDL, indicate that compared to White, AA aged<65 without or with 1 of either G1 or G2 had a significantly higher risk of HF [Hazard Ratio, HR: 2.15 (95%CI: 1.59-2.92, p<.0001), followed by those with either 2 of G1/G1, G1/G2 or G2/G2 alleles (1.47, 0.88-2.48, p=0.15)]. However, a significant additive genetic effect of the number of risk alleles (i.e., 0,1,2) is observed in AA aged ≥65. The corresponding HRs (95%CI) are 1.73 (1.17-2.57, p=0.007) in those without or with either 1 of the G1 or G2, and 2.17 (1.20-3.94, p=0.011) in those with either 2 of the G1 and G2 combination. A significant interaction effect of age (≥65 vs. <65) and the risk alleles (2 vs. 0/1) is observed (HR: 2.45, 95%CI: 1.14-5.28, p=0.02). Similar associations between APOL1 alleles and mortality from HF and all-cause are seen by the two age groups. Conclusion: African Americans with APOL1 risk alleles have significantly higher risk of HF and mortality than White. An additive genetic effect of the number of APOL1 risk alleles is shown among AA aged ≥65, but not in the younger adults. The modifying effect of age suggests that a possible 'different genetic-risk window' by ages warrants consideration in HF control and prevention.
A Review of Aeronautical Electronics and Its Parallelism With Automotive Electronics (2010)

Aeronautical electronics and communication technologies have evolved from the analog domain to the digital domain, and nowadays, planes are complex structures serviced by many standalone systems that communicate through data buses. Many of these systems have found applicability in other sectors. This paper reviews the most recent technologies in modern aircraft and identifies their application in the automotive sector. It also identifies automotive electronics as applied in planes.
QSAR models for discriminating between mutagenic and nonmutagenic aromatic and heteroaromatic amines (1998)

In a previous article, we demonstrated that the structure-activity relationship model for the mutagenic potency of aromatic amines is different from that for discriminating between mutagens and nonmutagens. In this work, we present further analyses on the molecular determinants of the mutagenicity of aromatic amines. Based on the use of various methodological approaches, our results indicate that mutagenic activity is influenced by different molecular characteristics in different subclasses of aromatic amines. Thus, the general lesson of this article is that 1) in genetic toxicology, it is necessary to separately investigate the structure-activity relationships for discrimination between positive and negative chemicals, and the structure-activity relationships for the potency of the positive chemicals; 2) in structure-activity studies, it is necessary to investigate the degree of homogeneity (congenericity) of apparently similar chemicals in order to assess and describe the various mechanisms of action that may be elicited by the chemicals.
AN ASSESSMENT CLASSIFICATION OF FORMATIVE EVALUATION TOOLS AND DIGITAL TOOLS (2020)

S. Paiva1, L.R. Oliveira1, L.P. Reis2 1University of Minho (PORTUGAL) 2Universidade do Porto (PORTUGAL)
The Keratin Killers: An Analysis of Feather Degrading Bacteria on Idaho Raptors (2015)

Feather-degrading bacteria (FDB) degrade the b-keratin matrix of bird feathers. This damages functions that rely on feather integrity including flight, thermoregulation, and mate attraction. Burtt and Ichida (1999) found more FDB in ground foraging birds when compared to aerial insectivores and bark-probers, which was likely related to the soil-dwelling nature of FDB. Burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) nest underground in burrows dug by fossorial mammals and spend substantial time on the ground exposed to soil. Thus, we hypothesized they would be especially susceptible to FDB. We compared FDB in burrowing owls to other birds of prey species that nest in tree cavities or other above-ground situations. We used Q-swabs to sample feathers of each species and collected 4-5 feathers from each individual to evaluate FDB through swabbing and full feather hydrolysis. Samples were plated on feather meal agar, a media that selects for keratinase activity, from which we quantified colony-forming units. Individual colonies were sequenced and speciated. We also conducted qPCR using 16S and keratinase-specific primers to determine the ratio between FDB and total bacteria load for each species.
Estrogen prevents intestinal inflammation after trauma-hemorrhage via downregulation of angiotensin II and angiotensin II subtype I receptor (2008)

Although angiotensin II (Ang II) plays a key role in development of organ ischemia-reperfusion injury, it remains unclear whether it is involved in development of intestinal injury following trauma-hemorrhage (T-H). Studies have shown that 17beta-estradiol (E2) administration following T-H improves small intestinal blood flow; however, it is unclear whether Ang II plays a role in this E2-mediated salutary effect. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent laparotomy and hemorrhagic shock (removal of 60% total blood volume, fluid resuscitation after 90 min). At onset of resuscitation, rats were treated with vehicle, E2, or E2 and estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780 (ICI). A separate group of rats was treated with Ang II subtype I receptor (AT1R) antagonist losartan. At 24 h after T-H, plasma Ang II, IL-6, TNF-alpha, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)-1 and CINC-3 levels, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and AT1R expression were determined. T-H significantly increased plasma and intestinal Ang II, IL-6, TNF-alpha levels, intestinal ICAM-1, CINC-1, CINC-3 levels, MPO activity, and AT1R protein compared with shams. E2 treatment following T-H attenuated increased intestinal MPO activity, Ang II level, and AT1R protein expression. ICI administration abolished the salutary effects of E2. In contrast, losartan administration attenuated increased MPO activity without affecting Ang II and AT1R levels. Thus Ang II plays a role in producing small intestine inflammation following T-H, and the salutary effects of E2 on intestinal inflammation are mediated in part by Ang II and AT1R downregulation.