gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New sources of rust resistance from alien species: meliorating linked defects and discovery (2007)

This paper presents a review of projects undertaken over the past 2 decades aimed at improving the yield and/or quality attributes of translocation lines carrying rust resistance genes from species related to wheat, so as to make these lines more suitable for use in breeding programs. Homeologous recombination between the alien chromosome segments and normal wheat chromosomes was induced in a ph1bph1b background. Lines with shortened alien chromatin were selected using dissociation patterns of molecular-based markers. A new line of bread wheat was developed containing a shortened chromosome 1RS segment carrying rust resistance gene SrR (Secale cereale L.), in which a defect affecting dough-quality appears to have been deleted. In addition, several advanced lines were produced with modified 6Ae#1L chromosome segments with Sr26 (Thinopyrum ponticum), 2S#1 chromosome segments with Sr32, and a previously unnamed gene, a 2S#2 chromosome segment with Sr39 (Triticum speltoides), 4G#1 chromosome segments with Sr37, and 2G#2 chromosome segments with Sr40 (T. timopheevii).
A Suvey on Satisfaction Measurement of Automatic Milking System in Domestic Dairy Farm (2011)

Summary The present survey was conducted to provide basic information on automatic milking system(AMS) in relation to purchase motive, milk yield and quality, customer satisfaction, difficulties of operation and customer suggestions, etc. Purchase motives of AMS were insufficient labor(44%), planning of dairy experience farm(25%), better performance of high yield cows(19%) and others(6%), respectively. Average cow performance after using AMS was 30.9l/d for milk yield, 3.9% for milk fat, 9,100/ml for bacterial counts. Sixty-eight percentage of respondents were very positive in response to AMS use for their successors but 18% were negative. The AMS operators were owner(44%), successor(44%), wife(6%) and company worker(6%), respectively. The most difficulty(31%) in using AMS was operating the system and complicated program manual. The rate of response to system error and breakdown was 25%. The reasons for culling cow after using AMS were mastitis(28%), reproduction failure(19%), incorrect teat placement(12%), metabolic disease(7%) and others(14%), respectively. Fifty-six percentages of the respondents made AMS maintenance contract and 44% did not. Average annual cost of the maintenance contract was 6,580,000 won. Average score for AMS satisfaction measurement(1 to 5 range) was 3.2 with decrease of labor cost 3.7, company A/S 3.6, increase of milk yield 3.2 and decrease of somatic cell count 2.8, respectively. Suggestions for the higher efficiency in using AMS were selecting cows with correct udder shape and teat placement, proper environment, capital and land, and attitude for continuous observation. Systematic consulting was highly required for AMS companies followed by low cost for AMS setup and systematization of A/S.(Key words : Automatic milking system, Survey, Cow, Milk yield)
Abstract MP04: In Vivo Bioluminescence Imaging Reveals a Pre-Hypertensive Surge of Nuclear-Factor-κ-B (NF-κB) Activity in the Subfornical Organ (SFO) During Obesity-Induced Hypertension (2014)

The central nervous system has been implicated in obesity-induced sympathetic activation and hypertension, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We tested the hypothesis that the transcription factor NF-κB is activated in the SFO, a key cardioregulatory brain center, during the development of obesity-induced hypertension. Male C57Bl/6 mice were instrumented with radiotelemeters for mean arterial pressure (MAP) recording, and underwent SFO-targeted microinjection of an adenovirus encoding firefly luciferase downstream of the NF-κB response elements. After recovery, mice were fed high fat diet (60% fat) or normal chow (5% fat), and SFO NF-κB activity was longitudinally monitored in vivo by bioluminescence imaging coupled with luciferin injections. In response to HFD, a slowly developing hypertension was observed, with an initial rise in MAP at 4 weeks (109 ± 1 vs 117 ± 1 mmHg; day 0 vs day 28; n=8; p<0.05) that was sustained for 8 weeks. NF-κB activity in the SFO increased gradually during HFD feeding, with a surge at 3 weeks, prior to a rise in MAP (day 21: 0.91 ± 0.08 vs 1.70 ± 0.25 photons/s fold baseline; normal chow vs HFD; n=4-7; p<0.05). SFO NF-κB activity transiently subsided and a second elevation was noted during the maintenance of obesity-induced hypertension at 6.5 weeks (day 42: 0.72 ± 0.14 vs 1.52 ± 0.07 photons/s fold baseline; normal chow vs HFD; n=4-7; p<0.05). These findings suggest that NF-κB is activated in the SFO during HFD feeding. The biphasic increase in NF-κB activity prior to and during a sustained increase in MAP suggests a casual role for SFO NF-κB in the development of obesity-induced hypertension. HL63887, HL84207, AHA13POST14410020, K99HL166776
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective Generation of α‐Pyrones Displaying Four Contiguous Stereogenic Centers. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Miniaturized neural system for chronic, local intracerebral drug delivery (2018)

Recent advances in medications for neurodegenerative disorders are expanding opportunities for improving the debilitating symptoms suffered by patients. Existing pharmacologic treatments, however, often rely on systemic drug administration, which result in broad drug distribution and consequent increased risk for toxicity. Given that many key neural circuitries have sub-cubic millimeter volumes and cell-specific characteristics, small-volume drug administration into affected brain areas with minimal diffusion and leakage is essential. We report the development of an implantable, remotely controllable, miniaturized neural drug delivery system permitting dynamic adjustment of therapy with pinpoint spatial accuracy. We demonstrate that this device can chemically modulate local neuronal activity in small (rodent) and large (nonhuman primate) animal models, while simultaneously allowing the recording of neural activity to enable feedback control.
Hydrolytic Model for Cefotaxime and Ceftriaxone Resistance in  -Lactamase-Derepressed Enterobacter cloacae (1986)

Journal Article Hydrolytic Model for Cefotaxime and Ceftriaxone Resistance in β-Lactamase-Derepressed Enterobacter cloacae Get access D. M. Livermore, D. M. Livermore Department of Medical Microbiology, London Hospital Medical College; and London Hospital, London, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sarah J. Riddle, Sarah J. Riddle Department of Medical Microbiology, London Hospital Medical College; and London Hospital, London, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. W. M. Davy K. W. M. Davy Department of Medical Microbiology, London Hospital Medical College; and London Hospital, London, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 153, Issue 3, March 1986, Pages 619–622, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/153.3.619 Published: 01 March 1986
Nutritional value of a transgenic high-lysine, high-oil corn for young pigs (1998)

Two trials were conducted to compare the nutritional adequacy ofhigh-lysine, high-oil corn (.408% lysine, 6.21% fat) and highoil corn (.289% lysine, 5.97% fat) for young growing pigs. Experiment 1 used four barrows fitted with ileal T-cannulas in a crossover design digestion study. Diets contained 8.5% casein and an equal amount of lysine from the test corn. Apparent ileal digestibilities of amino acids, GE, DM, CP, and ash were similar between diets. Experiment 2 used segregated early-weaned barrows in a 2 x 2 factorially designed growth trial. Main effects were corn type and dietary lysine (.80 or 1.15% digestible lysine). Increasing digestible lysine increased ADG and improved F/G regardless ofcorn variety. Within each lysine level, corn type did not affect ADG, ADFI, or F/G. The results of these studies indicate that the lysine in high-lysine, high-oil corn is as available as the lysine in high-oil corn and that high-lysine, high-oil corn can be used successfully in swine diets.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 19, 1998
Inheritance of transcobalamin II (TC II) in two families with TC II deficiency and related immunodeficiency (1981)

Abstract Transcobalamin II (TC II) is an essential transport protein for vitamin B 12 in blood. TC II can be separated into isoproteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This method was used in combination with a specific radioimmunosorbent technique to evaluate genetic variants and inheritance of TC II‐deficient genes in relatives of two children with congenital TC II deficiency. Both patients presented with impairment of haematopoietic and immunological functions. Seven heterozygous individuals for TC II deficiency, who are clinically normal, were detected in the two families. Two out of seven could be identified unambiguously by TC II isoprotein analysis, as carriers of a deficient gene, which does not express functional TC II. Application of this new method to detect heterozygous carriers of the deficient gene provides a valuable addition to genetic counselling.
Multiple hemopoietic growth factors stimulate activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase family members (1992)

Stimulation of hemopoietic cells with IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, granulocyte-macrophage-CSF and Steel factor-(SLF) induced tyrosine phosphorylation of a number of protein substrates. Two of these proteins, designated p42 and p44, were tyrosine phosphorylated rapidly in response to treatment with IL-3, IL-5, granulocyte-macrophage-CSF and SLF, but not IL-4. We demonstrate that these common substrates are members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) family of protein serine/threonine kinases. Ion-exchange chromatography yielded a peak of MAP kinase activity eluting at 0.3 to 0.32 M NaCl. Immunoblotting of column fractions with antiphosphotyrosine antibodies showed coelution of the peak of MAP kinase enzyme activity with the p42 and p44 tyrosine phosphorylated species, and with two proteins of 42 and 44 kDa which were immunoreactive with anti-MAP kinase antibodies. Moreover, a characteristic shift in mobility of the p42 and p44 species was observed after factor treatment. Time-course analyses and subsequent ion-exchange chromatography demonstrated SLF activation of MAP kinase activity was maximal after 2 min of factor treatment and decreased to basal levels after 30 min stimulation. By contrast, activation of MAP kinase after IL-5 treatment was not as rapid. Maximal activity was observed 15 min after stimulation and remained elevated for up to 60 min after IL-5 addition. Investigation of the role of protein kinase C in the mechanism of activation by these growth factors demonstrated that specific inhibition of protein kinase C led to a reduction, but not ablation, of the SLF and IL-3 induced stimulation of MAP kinase activity. The use of synthetic peptide substrates confirmed SLF and IL-5 activate isoforms of MAP kinases. These results demonstrate that members of the MAP kinase family are involved in common signal transduction events elicited by IL-3, IL-5, granulocyte-macrophage-CSF and Steel factor, but not those involving IL-4.
A organização dos trabalhadores agrícolas na reforma agrária: o caso de Baleizão (2002)

Duas posições opostas apresentam os trabalhadores agrícolas alentejanos ou como incapazes de participar em associações formais ou como “revolucionários naturais”. Partindo do caso de Baleizão, com particular referência à Reforma Agrária da década de 70, argumenta-se que ambas as perspectivas ignoram o pragmatismo associado a conjunturas específicas.
Use of historic metabolic biotransformation data as a means of anticipating metabolic sites using MetaPrint2D and Bioclipse (2010)

Due to the speed of predictions (less than 50 ms per molecule), scientists can get real time decision support when editing chemical structures. Bioclipse is a rich client, which means that all calculations are performed on the local computer and do not require network connection. Bioclipse and MetaPrint2D are free for all users, released under open source licenses, and available from http://www.bioclipse.net.
SYNTHESIS OF RADIOACTIVE ACETYLCHOLINE FROM [<sup>3</sup>H]CHOLINE AND ITS RELEASE FROM CEREBRAL CORTEX SLICES IN VITRO (1971)

Abstract— Guinea pig cerebral cortex slices were incubated for 60 min in a medium containing [ 3 H]choline with or without the addition of 33 mM‐KCl for the last 30 min. KC1 caused the release into the medium of large amounts of both bioassayable and radioactive ACh, while at the same time their concentrations in the tissue decreased. The specific activity (d.p.m./pmol) of the ACh released by KC1 was greater than that released in control incubations, indicating that it comes from a newly synthesized, more radioactive store. The amounts of [ 3 H]choline, [ 3 H]ACh and the specific activity of tissue acetylcholine reached a plateau in the tissue 30 min after the addition of isotope. However isotopic equilibrium was not achieved because the specific activity of the ACh released, with or without KC1 in the subsequent 30 min, was less than the specific activity of the ACh remaining in the tissue. This implies the existence of a pool of ACh in the tissue which is turning over very slowly or is being synthesized from a less radioactive pool of choline. This pool of ACh does not contribute substantially to that released by KC1. Levorphanol at 10 −3 M, as well as the analgesically inactive stereoisomer, dextrorphan, blocked the KCl‐stimulated release of both bioassayable and radioactive ACh. These drugs demonstrate the coupling of synthesis and release of ACh in cerebral cortex slices.
Osteoclastogenesis on Tissue-Engineered Bone (2004)

Bone remodeling plays an important role in bone function. To date, bone tissue-engineering research has focused primarily on bone formation from osteoblasts. This study demonstrates that osteoclastogenesis can occur on a mineralized polymer scaffold. Porcine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (pMSCs) and hematopoietic cells were isolated from the bone marrow of Yucatan minipigs (n = 3) and cultured separately. pMSCs were differentiated into osteoblasts, seeded on porous poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) foams, and cultured in a rotating oxygen-permeable bioreactor system. Once the cell-polymer constructs had started to mineralize, the hematopoietic cells were added and cocultured to include osteoclastogenesis. The cultured constructs were evaluated by histochemical and microscopic examination. Our results show that osteoblasts and osteoclasts were successfully differentiated from bone marrow on the scaffolds. This is the first demonstration of osteoclast formation on mineralized polymer surfaces.
Fungal Small RNAs Suppress Plant Immunity by Hijacking Host RNA Interference Pathways (2013)

Botrytis cinerea, the causative agent of gray mold disease, is an aggressive fungal pathogen that infects more than 200 plant species. Here, we show that some B. cinerea small RNAs (Bc-sRNAs) can silence Arabidopsis and tomato genes involved in immunity. These Bc-sRNAs hijack the host RNA interference (RNAi) machinery by binding to Arabidopsis Argonaute 1 (AGO1) and selectively silencing host immunity genes. The Arabidopsis ago1 mutant exhibits reduced susceptibility to B. cinerea, and the B. cinerea dcl1 dcl2 double mutant that can no longer produce these Bc-sRNAs displays reduced pathogenicity on Arabidopsis and tomato. Thus, this fungal pathogen transfers "virulent" sRNA effectors into host plant cells to suppress host immunity and achieve infection, which demonstrates a naturally occurring cross-kingdom RNAi as an advanced virulence mechanism.
Event-related brain potentials isolate the motor component in a tapping task (2001)

Repetitive tapping is used to investigate temporal perception, memory, and reproduction. Intertap intervals and their variability, arise from cognitive and motor processes during the task. We used a measure of readiness potential onset to determine motor component latency during the timed interval. Subjects performed a paced, two-handed tapping task at four target intervals (1.5-2.75 s). Overall latency of production increased with increasing ISI, as did variability across target interval, conforming to a generalized Weber's law. In contrast, average motor latency was roughly 0.5 s across ISI. This constant motor latency may also indicate constant variability attributable to motor processing.
A neuro-fuzzy system for automatic assessment of myocardial viability in positron emission tomography (2000)

A critical aspect of the treatment of patients with heart failure is the ability to predict the success of a revascularisation procedure. This prediction is based on the assessment of myocardial viability. Positron emission tomography is considered to be the gold standard for myocardial viability studies. Most of these studies are still based on qualitative assessment of the extent and severity of the disease. More recent studies quantify the extent of viable tissue manually using interactive software. In this work an accurate automatic assessment method is presented. Our approach is based on neuro-fuzzy techniques. A self organized radial basis function network has been implemented for image segmentation and parameter extraction, and an adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system is used to combine complementary information (myocardial perfusion and metabolism) to decide on myocardial viability. This work demonstrates the efficiency and accuracy of neuro-fuzzy techniques when carefully applied to viability assessment. It is an innovative approach to viability parametric image construction.
Anisotropic optical emission of single CdSe/CdS tetrapod heterostructures: Evidence for a wavefunction symmetry breaking (2008)

Semiconductor tetrapods are expected to exhibit isotropic optical properties due to their tetrahedral symmetry. We have investigated the optical polarization properties of individual $\mathrm{Cd}\mathrm{Se}∕\mathrm{Cd}\mathrm{S}$ tetrapods of high structural quality. In contrast to the light absorption behavior, a pronounced anisotropy is observed in the optical emission. This unexpected result can only be explained by assuming a symmetry breaking in the electronic wavefunction. Calculations reveal that slight differences between the arm diameters induce the polarized emission and a decrease in the photoluminescence intensity.
Decentralized asymptotic detection by running consensus (2009)

A Wireless Sensor Network is engaged in a binary detection task and the operational modality is that known as running consensus: Each node continuously collects data and simultaneously exchanges informations with its neighbors, with the final aim of reaching agreement about a common detection statistic. This paper exploits an appropriate framework for investigating the detection performance of the system, in the limit of large sample sizes, under both the Neyman-Pearson and the sequential detection paradigms. The main result is that the running consensus detector is asymptotically optimal, in the sense that its performance approaches that of an ideal centralized entity to which all the data globally sensed by the network are made available.
Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Metalized Movable Microstructures by the Combination of Two-Photon Microfabrication and Electroless Plating (2012)

We propose a method to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) metallic movable microparts by the combination of two-photon microfabrication and electroless plating. In this method, polymeric movable microparts with anchors made by two-photon microfabrication are metalized by electroless plating, and then the anchors are removed by laser ablation using a femtosecond pulsed laser. As a result, a metalized freely movable micropart whose motion is restricted to a shaft can be produced. We succeeded in fabricating sophisticated 3D metallic microrotors by adjusting the experimental conditions of both electroless copper plating and laser ablation.
Valence Evaluation of Cerium in Nanocrystalline CeO<sub>2</sub>Films Electrodeposited on Si Substrates (2011)

International audience
Anthraquinones and triterpenoids from Senna siamea (Fabaceae) Lam inhibit poliovirus activity (2014)

The methanol extract of stem bark of Senna siamea (Fabaceae) was found to contain compounds with anti-poliovirus activity. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract resulted in the isolation and identification of six compounds; three triterpenoids- lupenone (1) lupeol (4) and betulinic acid (5); two antraquinones- chrysophanol (2) and physcion (3); and β- sitosterol glucoside (6). To evaluate the capacity of the compounds to inhibit the cytophatic effect of poliovirus in tissue culture, the reduction of viability of infected or uninfected cell cultures was measured using the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] colorimetric assay. The selective indices of compounds with antiviral activity were determined by comparing the ratio of cytotoxic concentration at 50% to inhibitory concentration at 50% (CC50/IC50). Lupeol was the most active compound with IC50 value of 0.014 µg/mL but chrysophanol with IC50 0.46 µg/mL was more selective with selective index (SI) of 32.1. The detection of pharmacologically active compounds in S. siamea extracts provides evidence that Nigerian ethno-medicines may be an important source of anti-poliovirus compounds. This study justifies ethnomedicinal uses of Senna as an anti-viral agent and also provides chemical entities that could lead to discovery and development of antiviral agents. Key words: Antraquinones, triterpenoids, Senna siamea, MTT colorimetric assay, anti-poliovirus.
In Vitro Uptake of Gentamicin by Rat Renal Cortical Tissue (1977)

The mechanism of gentamicin uptake in vitro by renal cortical slices of rat kidney was investigated. The cortical-slice-uptake ratio of gentamicin concentration in 1.0 g of tissue water to that of 1.0 ml of incubation medium (SW/M) was 1.44 +/- 0.04. The uptake of gentamicin was inhibited by 2 x 10(-5) M dinitrophenol (SW/M = 1.03 +/- 0.04) and by anoxia (SW/M = 1.01 +/- 0.04). The results indicate that aerobic phosphorylation is required to transport gentamicin into the cells. The uptake of p-aminohippurate and tetraethylammonium chloride by renal cortical slices was not affected by gentamicin.