gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subversion of host immune responses by otopathogens during otitis media (2019)

Otitis media (OM) is one of the most common ear diseases affecting humans. Children are at greater risk and suffer most frequently from OM, which can cause serious deterioration in the quality of life. OM is generally classified into two main types: acute and chronic OM (AOM and COM). AOM is characterized by tympanic membrane swelling or otorrhea and is accompanied by signs or symptoms of ear infection. In COM, there is a tympanic membrane perforation and purulent discharge. The most common pathogens that cause AOM are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis whereas Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are commonly associated with COM. Innate and adaptive immune responses provide protection against OM. However, pathogens employ a wide arsenal of weapons to evade potent immune responses and these mechanisms likely contribute to AOM and COM. Immunologic evasion is multifactorial, and involves damage to host mucociliary tract, genetic polymorphisms within otopathogens, the number and variety of different otopathogens in the nasopharynx as well as the interaction between the host's innate and adaptive immune responses. Otopathogens utilize host mucin production, phase variation, biofilm production, glycans, as well as neutrophil and eosinophilic extracellular traps to induce OM. The objective of this review article is to discuss our current understanding about the mechanisms through which otopathogens escape host immunity to induce OM. A better knowledge about the molecular mechanisms leading to subversion of host immune responses will provide novel clues to develop effective treatment modalities for OM.
Designing for Projection-based Communication between Autonomous Vehicles and Pedestrians (2019)

Recent studies have investigated new approaches for communicating an autonomous vehicle's (AV) intent and awareness to pedestrians. This paper adds to this body of work by presenting the design and evaluation of in-situ projections on the road. Our design combines common traffic light patterns with aesthetic visual elements. We describe the iterative design process and the prototyping methods used in each stage. The final design concept was represented as a virtual reality simulation and evaluated with 18 participants in four different street crossing scenarios, which included three scenarios that simulated various degrees of system errors. We found that different design elements were able to support participants' confidence in their decision even when the AV failed to correctly detect their presence. We also identified elements in our design that needed to be more clearly communicated. Based on these findings, the paper presents a series of design recommendations for projection-based communication between AVs and pedestrians.
Microbial oils: A customizable feedstock through metabolic engineering (2014)

In addition to animal fats and vegetable oils, microbial oils are gaining importance as a renewable feedstock for the chemical industry. One of the main advantages in the use of microorganisms to produce oils is the versatility and malleability of the microbial metabolism, which make it more easily manipulated. Thereby, the composition and properties of microbial oils can be designed through metabolic engineering. Consequently, the required chemical steps to synthesize a market product may be significantly reduced, together with the production costs. Accordingly, microorganisms have been engineered to: i) accumulate a high amount of lipids; ii) tune lipid composition; and iii) facilitate lipid extraction. Finally, microbial oils can be used as feedstock by the chemical industry to produce a huge variety of commodities, such as lubricants, polymers, fuels, coatings or surfactants. Microbial oils are considered promising alternatives to fossil fuels as feedstock for the chemical industry. Additionally they present advantages over vegetable oils and animal fats since microorganisms can be easily engineered: i) to accumulate high amount of lipids; ii) to be enriched in a desired kind of lipid; and iii) to facilitate the extraction of the oil from the cells. This short article is intended to present the concept of microbial oils to the general reader, taking into special consideration the malleability of microbial oils by metabolic engineering.
Potential role of age, sex, body mass index and pain to identify patients with knee osteoarthritis (2015)

Age, BMI and pain frequency are independently associated with radiographic OA and the use of information on these characteristics can improve the identification of patients with knee OA. Beyond age, pain complaints are particularly relevant but the level of pain is different by sex.
SEQUENTIAL PATTERN MINING WITH APPROXIMATED CONSTRAINTS (2004)

The lack of focus that is a characteristic of unsupervised pattern mining in sequential data represents one of the major limitations of this approach. This lack of focus is due to the inherently large number of rules that is likely to be discovered in any but the more trivial sets of sequences. Several authors have promoted the use of constraints to reduce that number, but those constraints approximate the mining task to a hypothesis test task. In this paper, we propose the use of constraint approximations to guide the mining process, reducing the number of discovered patterns without compromising the prime goal of data mining: to discover unknown information. We show that existent algorithms, that use regular languages as constraints, can be used with minor adaptations. We propose a simple algorithm (ε-accepts) that verifies if a sequence is approximately accepted by a given regular language.
WIRKUNG DES ÄTHANOLEXTRAKTES UND AKTIVER SUBSTANZEN AUS<i>CURCUMA LONGA</i>AUF BAKTERIEN UND PILZE (1974)

An alcohol extract and active ingredients from Curcuma longa L. restrained growth of most microorganisms occuring in cholecystitis. Growth of all strains investigated of Sarcina, Gaffkya, Corynebacterium and Clostridium as well as a considerable number of Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Bacillus was inhibited by treatment with an alcohol extract at the concentration 0.5–5.0 mgjml as well as Curcumin and essential oil from Curcuma rhizome at the concentration 5–100 fig/ml. However, nearly all tested Gram-negative rods, some yeasts and moulds appeared to be unsusceptile to treatment with high concentrations of examined substances. Standard and hospital strains developed an identical susceptibility to substances tested. An alcohol extract and essential oil from Curcuma longa showed bactericidal activity whereas Curcumin reacted as a bacteriostatic agent with respect to staphylococci.
Optical phonons and elasticity of diamond at megabar stresses (1986)

The optical \ensuremath{\Gamma} phonon and the stress-strain relations in diamond are investigated for general uniaxial and hydrostatic stresses up to several megabar. Theoretical calculations are carried out using ab initio pseudopotentials within local-density-functional theory. Second-, third-, and fourth-order elastic constants are evaluated, including the internal-strain effect. The splittings and shifts of the \ensuremath{\Gamma} phonon are predicted up to cubic order in the macroscopic strain. A number of quantities are predicted, and where experimental results are available good agreement is found. At large uniaxial stresses (\ensuremath{\sim}4 Mbar) the electronic band gap collapses, and a phonon instability of the metallic diamond structure is found for compressions along the [110] and [111] crystal axes.
Antifungal and Antibacterial Activity of Four Selected Mexican Medicinal Plants (2006)

The antifungal and antibacterial activity of 10 crude extracts from four different species, all of them used in Mexican folk medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases, were tested in vitro. for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus., Streptococcus faecalis., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae., Salmonella typhi., Candida albicans., Trichophyton mentagrophytes., and Trichophyton rubrum.. All extracts from the above plants showed some degree of antimicrobial activity against at least two microorganisms tested. The strongest antibacterial activity was found in the water extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa. and the methanol extract of Lysiloma acapulcensis., whereas the methanol extract from Loeselia mexicana. showed the best antifungal activity against dermatophytes.
Local control of excitation‐contraction coupling in rat heart cells. (1994)

1. Cytosolic free calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i) and whole-cell L-type Ca2+ channel currents were measured during excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling in single voltage-clamped rat cardiac ventricular cells. The measurements were used to compute the total cellular efflux of calcium ions through sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release channels (FSR,rel) and the influx of Ca2+ via L-type Ca2+ channels (FICa). 2. FSR,rel was elicited by depolarizing voltage-clamp pulses 200 ms in duration to membrane potentials from -30 to +80 mV. Over this range, peak FSR,rel had a bell-shaped dependence on clamp pulse potential. In all cells, the 'gain' of the system, measured as the ratio, FSR,rel(max)/FICa(max), declined from about 16, at 0 mV, to much lower values as clamp pulse voltage was made progressively more positive. We named this phenomenon of change in gain as a function of membrane potential, 'variable gain'. At clamp pulse potentials in the range -30 to 0 mV, the gain differed from cell to cell, being constant at about 16 in some cells, but decreasing from high values (approximately 65) at -20 mV in others. 3. At clamp pulse potentials at which Ca2+ influx (FICa) was maintained, FSR,rel also had a small maintained component. When macroscopic Ca2+ influx was brief (1-2 ms, during 'tails' of FICa), FSR,rel rose rapidly to a peak after repolarization and then declined with a half-time of about 9 ms (typically). 4. The rising phase of [Ca2+]i transients could be interrupted by stopping Ca2+ influx rapidly (by voltage clamp). We therefore termed this phenomenon 'interrupted SR Ca2+ release'.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Preparation of α-d- and α-l-4-Dimethylamino-1,2-diphenyl-3-methyl-2- propionyloxybutane (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of α-d- and α-l-4-Dimethylamino-1,2-diphenyl-3-methyl-2- propionyloxybutaneA. Pohland and H. R. SullivanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 12, 3400–3401Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01617a081https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01617a081research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views155Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and biological study of a series of S-substituted .alpha.-mercaptohippuramides and nitriles (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and biological study of a series of S-substituted .alpha.-mercaptohippuramides and nitrilesRoger Ketcham, Vinod P. Shah, and Grace LamCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1971, 14, 5, 456–458Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1971https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00287a026RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views63Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (405 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
16-QAM Hierarchical Modulation Optimization in Relay Cooperative Networks (2013)

16-QAM Hierarchical Modulation Optimization in Relay Cooperative Networks\nSara Sallam\nRecently, the concept of cooperative networks has attracted special attention in the field of wireless communications. This is due to their ability in achieving diversity with no extra hardware cost. The main drawback that characterizes cooperative networks is that they require extra transmission time slots compared to the traditional non-cooperative networks. Several strategies have been proposed in order to mitigate this disadvantage. One of the most recently adopted techniques is the use of hierarchical modulation. Hierarchical modulation was originally used in Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) applications. Lately, it has been applied in cooperative networks for its ability to transmit relative high data rate with acceptable performance.\nIn this thesis, the application of a 4/16 QAM hierarchical modulation in cooperative networks is examined. This study focuses on a downlink cellular network scenario, composed of a Base Station, a Relay and two destinations. The Base Station intends to transmit two different streams of data to these two destinations by concatenating the two streams and broadcasting the resulting sequence using a non-uniform 4/16 QAM hierarchical modulation. Unlike previous work, the main contribution in this thesis is the optimization of the 16QAM constellation’s parameters according to each user’s channel condition. In other words, this method gives each user’s data the priority it needs in order to be detected as correctly as possible at the destination. Explicit closed form expressions of Hierarchical modulation Bit Error Rate\nin relay cooperative networks are derived. These BER expressions are used in order to select the constellation’s parameters that will achieve total minimum BER in coded and un-coded schemes. Results prove that the proposed method achieve noticeable improvement in both users performance compared to the use of uniform 16QAM constellation.
Peptide Mapping and Microsequencing (1996)

Peptide mapping is a powerful technique used to determine the structure and composition of proteins. Peptide maps or fingerprints of proteolyzed proteins are usually obtained by resolution on either one-dimensional SDS-PAGE, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), or by two-dimensional separation on thin-layer cellulose (TLC) plates.
Regulation of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 expression by endogenous prostaglandin E2 in human mesenchymal stem cells (2004)

Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is generally known as an inducible enzyme, and it produces arachidonic acid to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which modulates bone metabolism. Here, we investigated the expression and role of COX isomers in human mesenchymal stem cells. Human mesenchymal stem cells constitutively expressed COX-2 as well as COX-1, and secretion of PGE2 was completely inhibited by NS-398, a specific inhibitor of COX-2. Levels of secreted PGE2 were strikingly higher in human mesenchymal stem cells than in osteoblastic cells differentiated from the mesenchymal cells. This higher production of PGE2 in mesenchymal stem cells was due to higher expression of membrane-associated PGE synthase (mPGES) regulated by early growth response factor-1 (Egr-1). Treatment of human mesenchymal stem cells with NS-398 suppressed expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). The suppression of BMP-2 by NS-398 was abrogated by an EP4 receptor agonist as well as by PGE2. Moreover, BMP-2 expression was suppressed by an EP4 receptor antagonist. These data indicate that PGE2 produced by COX-2 increases BMP-2 expression via binding the EP4 receptor.
Stimuli-Responsive Polymers and Their Applications in Nanomedicine (2012)

This review focuses on smart nano-materials built of stimuli-responsive (SR) polymers and will discuss their numerous applications in the biomedical field. The authors will first provide an overview of different stimuli and their corresponding, responsive polymers. By introducing myriad functionalities, SR polymers present a wide range of possibilities in the design of stimuli-responsive devices, making use of virtually all types of polymer constructs, from self-assembled structures (micelles, vesicles) to surfaces (polymer brushes, films) as described in the second section of the review. In the last section of this review the authors report on some of the most promising applications of stimuli-responsive polymers in nanomedicine. In particular, we will discuss applications pertaining to diagnosis, where SR polymers are used to construct sensors capable of selective recognition and quantification of analytes and physical variables, as well as imaging devices. We will also highlight some examples of responsive systems used for therapeutic applications, including smart drug delivery systems (micelles, vesicles, dendrimers...) and surfaces for regenerative medicine.
FLOW CYTOMETRY AND MICROSCOPY OF GAMETOGENESIS IN <i>NITZSCHIA PUNGENS</i>, A TOXIC, BLOOM‐FORMING, MARINE DIATOM<sup>1</sup> (1991)

ABSTRACT The domoic acid‐producing diatom Nitzschia pungens Grunow f. multiseries Hasle, which is responsible for amnesic shellfish poisonings in Prince Edward Island, Canada, underwent gametogenesis when senescent cells (i.e. in stationary growth phase for more than 290 days) were subcultured into fresh FE medium and light intensity was increased from 33 to 530 μE · m −2 · s −1 . The number of gametes produced varied with the salinity of the medium, with a maximum at 23.5‰. Cells in the exponential growth phase (0.8 div · d −1 ) did not produce gametes, nor did senescent cells when transferred without change in light intensity. Anisogamous gametes, probably haploid, were isolated by combining conventional microscopy with flow cytometry. Zygotes resulting from syngamy yielded cigar‐shaped naviculoid cells, morphologically different from parent cells (heteromorphism). These cells, with a division rate of 1.9 div · d −1 , could serve as a seed population and explain the origin and rapid progression of the toxic blooms of red‐water proportions that have been a public health problem in Eastern Canada. Production of domoic acid by postexponential and moribund cells but not by gametes, zygotes, or immediately resulting cells, provides an insight into the dependence of toxicity on the developmental history of this diatom.
Application of Fast Multipole Method for Parallel Mufflers (2012)

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to examine the acoustic performance of parallel simple expansion mufflers by a new approach for an acceleration of computational time required. The fast multipole method separated the field points and source points into two terms by means of addition theorem. When the boundary is divided into uniform meshes, the integration of source element can be calculated fast. Therefore, the fast multipole method, when compared with the boundary element method, reduces CPU time from an order of N 2 to N log γ N , where N is the number of unknowns and γ is a constant. The numerical results have been compared with experiments and analytical approaches based on pressure and velocity continuity, as well as the modal meshing approach; the results clearly show that the agreements are good.
Hormone replacement therapy and risk of venous thromboembolism in postmenopausal women: systematic review and meta-analysis (2008)

Oral oestrogen increases the risk of venous thromboembolism, especially during the first year of treatment. Transdermal oestrogen may be safer with respect to thrombotic risk. More data are required to investigate differences in risk across the wide variety of hormone regimens, especially the different types of progestogens.
Design of the Security Mechanism for a BPO Cloud Computing Platform (2018)

The security of a Cloud Computing Platform (CCP)is a key factor in its ability to operate successfully. Currently, the security issues of the physical resource layer and the user application layer of the cloud computing platform have been significantly studied in the field of information security and have already mature products and solutions. This research is aimed at the complex Business Process Outsourcing Cloud Computing Platform (BPO-CCP)for the banking and insurance industries. In particular we are concerned with the BPO-CCP`s virtualization security, cloud data security, access control, user authentication and authorization, and cloud computing auditing. This paper analyzes the specific needs of the platform's security. Then the Security Mechanism of the BPO Cloud Computing Platform (SM-BPO-CCP)is designed. During its implementation (around five years at the time of writing)this SM-BPO-CCP that we have designed has efficiently provided security protection for up to twenty BPO companies with each having more than 1000 employees. This SM-BPO-CCP linked to ten large banks and insurance companies, none of which experienced any security issues due to the protection offered by the SM-BPO-CCP.
Wave-front sensing from defocused images by use of wave-front slopes (2002)

We describe a novel technique for deriving wave-front aberrations from two defocused intensity measurements. The intensity defines a probability density function, and the method is based on the evolution of the cumulative density function of the intensity with light propagation. In one dimension, the problem is easily solved with a histogram specification procedure, with a linear relationship between the wave-front slope and the difference in the abscissas of the histograms. In two dimensions, the method requires use of a Radon transform. Simulation results demonstrate that good reconstructions can be attained down to 100 photons in each detector. In addition, the method is insensitive to scintillation at the aperture.