gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Injection Strategies (AIS) for Ultra-Low Emissions Diesel Engines (2008)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) combustion is being considered as a practical solution for diesel engines due to its high efficiency and low NOx and PM emissions. However, for diesel HCCI operation, there are still several problems that need to be solved. One is the spay-wall impingement issue associated with early injection, and a further problem is the extension of HCCI operation from low load to higher engine loads. In this study, a combination of Adaptive Injection Strategies (AIS) and a Two-Stage Combustion (TSC) strategy are proposed to solve the aforementioned problems.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A multi-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code with detailed chemistry, the KIVA-CHEMKIN-GA code, was employed in this study, where Genetic Algorithms (GA) were used to optimize heavy-duty diesel engine operating parameters. The TSC concept was applied to optimize the combustion process at high speed (1737 rev/min) and medium load (57% load). Two combustion modes are combined in this concept. The first stage is ideally HCCI combustion and the second stage is diffusion combustion under high temperature and low oxygen concentration conditions. AIS were proposed to achieve and optimize the TSC. AIS incorporate the use of multiple injections with different spray geometries and injection pressures. Part of the fuel is injected into the cylinder at a low injection pressure (10MPa) and a narrow spray angle (90°) to avoid spray-wall impingement and to prepare a homogeneous mixture for the HCCI combustion. The remaining fuel is injected into the cylinder at a high injection pressure (150MPa) and a wide spray angle (127°) to experience diffusion combustion and to provide extended load capability. An Adaptive Injection Strategy, which uses one injector with single included angle but two different injection pressure levels, was also evaluated in this study.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Several engine operating parameters were optimized: Intake Valve Closure (IVC) timing, Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) ratio, start of low-pressure and high-pressure injection timings and the fraction of fuel participating in the HCCI combustion (HCCI ratio). The results show that by combining the AIS with a late IVC timing, a medium EGR level, and a high HCCI ratio, TSC is able to achieve low engine-out emissions with spray-wall impingement avoided at a medium engine load. The TSC concept shows great potential to meet future ultra-low emission standards.</div>
Process observation for the assembly of hybrid micro systems (2003)

The automation of micro assembly is becoming more and more important in micro technology. Especially the demands on handling and process observation of hybrid microsystems with optical and mechanical functions are quite high. Because of this process monitoring is inevitably necessary for a better understanding of what is really happening in the micro world. Process visualisation is very important in MEMS (Micro Electronic and Mechanical Systems) but does not guarantee an operative micro system. Therefore, instruments for quality control are required to secure a safe and reproducible assembly. The aim of this article is to give an overview over so far used and new devices for process observation and quality control.
Suppression of H-2b-associated resistance to Friend erythroleukemia virus by a class I gene from the H-2d major histocompatibility complex haplotype. (1991)

Mice homozygous for the H-2d haplotype at the major histocompatibility complex are markedly more susceptible to erythroleukemia induction by the Friend isolate of murine leukemia retrovirus (FV) than are congenic mice homozygous for the H-2b haplotype. The resistance conferred by the H-2b haplotype is recessive in this cross, since heterozygous F1 mice are as susceptible as parental strain H-2d homozygotes. However, H-2b-associated resistance is not an intrinsically recessive trait, since H-2b/H-2dm1 heterozygotes resemble H-2b homozygotes in their relative resistance to FV; the mutant H-2dm1 haplotype lacks the entire D region of the parental haplotype except for a single class I gene formed by the fusion of its terminal D-region genes to produce a class I gene differing from both parental genes, and thus this finding indicates that one or more D-region genes of the H-2d haplotype can actively suppress H-2b-associated resistance. Unlike H-2dm1, the mutant H-2dm2 haplotype, which retains only the class IDd gene in the D region of the H-2d haplotype, strongly suppresses resistance in H-2b/H-2dm2 heterozygotes, and the presence of Dd as a transgene significantly reduces the resistance of H-2b homozygotes. Since H-2b-associated resistance to FV appears to be due mainly to the capacity of Lb (also called Db), the only class I molecule encoded in the D region of the H-2b haplotype, to present viral epitopes for recognition by FV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, suppression of resistance to FV by the Dd molecule implies that the presence of one class I molecule of the major histocompatibility complex can interfere with either the presentation of viral epitopes by another class I molecule or the generation of T cells that recognize viral epitopes so presented.
Microarray ANALYSIS of t(11;18)(Q21;Q21)-positive and -negative gastrointestinal MALT lymphomas. (2010)

e14610 Background: Among the genetic abnormalities that occur in MALT lymphomas, the translocation t(11;18) is of particular interest because it is predominantly documented in MALT lymphomas of the gut. It results in the creation of a fusion protein API2-MALT1 that activates the transcription factor NF-kB via enhanced IKKγ polyubiquitination. Here, we apply microarray analysis to identify differentially expressed genes related to the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal (GI) MALT lymphomas. Methods: 8 t(11;18)-positive and 6 t(11;18)-negative GI MALT lymphomas were compared with normal lymphoid by microarray (Affymetrix Plus 2.0 Gene Chip). 6 splenectomy specimens (with a prominent marginal zone but without obvious morphologic anomalies) of healthy individuals suffering from traumatic splenic rupture were selected as reference tissue, as the marginal zone is assumed to be the non-tumoural counterpart of MALT lymphomas. For this particular study, the number of representative cases documented with both surgical resection specimens and frozen tissue (as required for gene expression profiling) is limited, due to the current conservative treatment of GI MALT lymphomas (the majority of gastric lymphomas regresses after Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy). Results: By comparing the 8 t(11;18)-positive MALT lymphomas as well as their 6 t(11;18)-negative counterparts to normal lymphoid tissue (e.g. spleen with prominent marginal zones), we could define a common GI MALT lymphoma signature, most likely comprising the genes with significance in the development of type of cancer. Moreover, unsupervised analysis of the gene expression profiles of these fourteen GI MALT lymphomas clustered in 2 groups, with the clustering being determined by presence or absence of the API2-MALT1 fusion protein. The latter finding suggests different pathways for both t(11;18)-positive and -negative GI MALT lymphomas. Interestingly, within the group of t(11;18)-positive GI MALT lymphomas, there was a tendency that the gene expression profiles of these tumours tended to cluster according to the location of the MALT1 breakpoint. Conclusions: Our study reveals several genes that play an important rol in MALT lymphomagenesis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Arteriovenous Fistula: A Rare Complication after Iliac Bone Graft (1993)

Arteriovenous fistula, a rare complication arising after iliac bone graft, is reported. The patient presented with symptoms of heart failure. Perforation of the medial iliac wall at the time of bone harvesting most probably caused the fistula. Treatment by balloon occlusion of the fistula via the percutaneous route was successful, thus avoiding a difficult operation.
Prevalence of Nonanatomical Graft Placement in a Series of Failed Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructions (2010)

The occurrence of nonanatomical graft placement in primary and revision knees may represent an inadequacy of transtibial tunnel drilling techniques to obtain graft placement within the native femoral and tibial footprints. In revision cases, the prior graft location requires close scrutiny so the new graft tunnels are placed at the native anterior cruciate ligament attachments. Independent drilling of tibial and femoral tunnels is recommended using either 2-incision or anteromedial portal techniques.
HIGH-VOLTAGE STRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT FOR THE EGP-15 TANDEM (PROJECT) (2000)

A comparatively accurate method for breakdown voltage calculation allows to optimize the accelerator geometry for obtaining maximum operating voltage. Due to complex approach, the breakdown voltage can be increased up to 1.5 times or more relative to usual structure. In addition to the EGP-15 project the paper studies how much variation of forms and dimensions of accelerator electrodes is powerful as to the increasing of an insulation gap breakdown voltage.
Effect of AWG Filtering on Spectrally Sliced WDM PONs (2010)

In incoherent-injected WDM-PONs, it is shown through simulations and experiments that Flat-band athermal AWGs with channel spacing of 100GHz have improved performance in terms of BER than their Gaussian-shape counterpart, due to the effect of signal filtering. At a BER of 10-9, the power penalty is 2 dB for Flat-band AWGs and more than 4 dB for Gaussian AWGs, which do not reach the required BER. In addition, the effect of AWG detuning in the WDM-PON systems is investigated. It is shown that by detuning the two Flat-band AWGs by 40GHz from their center wavelength, an additional 0.5dB power penalty is induced.
Relationship Between Temperature and Carbon Dioxide Loss from Shell Eggs (1958)

REFRIGERATION has long been the primary method of retaining market quality in shell eggs. The fundamental reasons for employing lower temperatures have not been adequately elucidated. This lack of information has indirectly resulted in the development of practices which are designed mainly to lower the temperature without adequate consideration for other effective means of retaining specific quality attributes. Gathering and holding eggs in baskets affords rapid cooling. However, excessive ventilation before, during, and after cooling fosters the loss of carbon dioxide (CO2). Cotterill and Gardner (1957) compared the results of gathering and holding eggs at 58°, 74°, and 94°F. in baskets and in sealed buckets. The buckets contained a desiccant to retard microbial growth. They reported that eggs gathered in buckets had higher candled scores, higher Haugh units, lower pH, and comparable shell surface bacterial counts, except when stored at 94°F. for periods longer than four days. Storage temperature had . . .
CARCINOMA IN SITU DETECTED BY CONTRALATERAL TESTICULAR BIOPSY OF 55 GERM CELL TUMOR PATIENTS (2004)

It is important for both urologists and pathologists to know well about testicular CIS and to perform biopsy according to Skakkebaek's guidance for raising the sensitivity to detect testicular CIS.
A Variable System of Sevens on Two Twisted Cubic Curves (1916)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Record single-to-noise ratio in active and passive AlGaAs sources of entangled photons (2017)

We investigate the performances of AlGaAs sources of entangled photons based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion. We demonstrate a signal-to-noise ratio of 1730, opening the way to the utilization of these devices for long distance quantum communications.
Ultrastructural Characterization of Atp Synthase Subunit B Overexpression in <i>E. coli</i> (2002)

It is often difficult to obtain proteins from native sources in sufficient quantity for biophysical and structural studies. Recombinant techniques using transformed E. coli as a host have been the most successfully and widely used systems for overexpression of a range of proteins. Membrane proteins, however, present added difficulties in that overexpression often leads to death of the bacterium or formation of insoluble aggregates of non-native protein known as inclusion bodies 1 . In an attempt to overcome these difficulties two mutant hosts, C41(DE3) and C43(DE3), were developed from the parent E. coli strain BL21(DE3) with better tolerance for overexpression of membrane and toxic proteins 2 . These mutant hosts were transformed using the pET-based plasmid pAVD 10 (Avidis SA, France), which contains the gene for E. coli membrane protein F 1 F 0 ATP synthase subunit b. Expression of this protein is under control of bacteriophage T7 promoter and T7 polymerase is controlled by isopropyl-2-D-thio-galactopyranoside (IPTG) inducible lac UV5 promoter. Proliferation of intracellular membranes (IM) in E. coli successfully overexpressing native membrane proteins has been reported previously This study assesses the ultrastructural manifestations of overexpression of ATP synthase subunit b in BL21(DE3), C41(DE3), and C43(DE3) cell lines and correlates these with biophysical data.
Autoaccelerative diazo coupling with calix[4]arene: unusual co-operativity of the calixarene hydroxy groups (1989)

Diazo coupling between calix[4]arene and p-nitrobenzenediazonium ion selectively afforded the tetrasubstituted calix[4]arene and almost no mono-, di-, and tri-substituted calix[4]arenes even in the presence of unchanged calix[4]arene: the unusual all-or-nothing substitution is attributed to the specific hydrogen-bonding effect among the calixarene OH groups.
LANDSLIDES DURING THE EARTHQUAKES ON MAY 26 AND JULY 26, 2003 IN MIYAGI, JAPAN (2005)

We conducted a site investigation for two major landslides : Dateshita landslide, Tsukidate-cho during the earthquake on May 26, 2003; and Nishisaruta landslide, Kanan-cho during the earthquake on July 26, 2003. In addition, we examined physical and mechanical soil properties and performed preliminary numerical simulations. The subsurface soil of the gentle slope of Dateshita landslide with an angle of about 7° was a fill with pyroclastic sediments. The structure of the fill was very loose, but the unsaturated soil remained stable with high suction. The landslide occurred during or immediately after the principle motion of the earthquake. The slide mass behaved as a mudflow. Then the collapsed soil easily fluidized with cyclic shear. It is likely that the saturated fill liquefied during the earthquake. Moreover, it is possible that the unsaturated fill fluidized, losing the initial shear strength during cyclic shear induced by the earthquake. The Nishisaruta landslide with similar magnitude and configuration to the Dateshita landslide occurred a few minutes after the principle motion of the main shock. Rainfall was an important feature that exacerbated the Nishisaruta landslide, whereas no rainfall had been observed for a week before the Dateshita landslide. The subsurface soil of slope of the Nishisaruta landslide was a fill with fine-graded sand, which originated from sandstone on the hill. The upper portion of the slope that lost shear strength because of liquefaction descended along the slope, and spread with high water content on the lower rice field. Numerical simulations have suggested that the saturated fill liquefied during the main shock. Residual excess pore pressure induced by the foreshock affected the slope's stability.
<title>Robust video coding for underwater transmission</title> (2000)

A robust image compression algorithm has been developed for use in underwater video transmission. The hostile nature of the medium leads to high error rates, normally requiring a severe overhead in terms of forward error correction bits. The new algorithm reduces this requirement by means of error resilient organization of the compressed image data and variable rate protection coding. Simulation results for the standard 512 X 512 Lena image are presented as well as practical results from recent sea-trials.
Novel synthesis of isoxazolo[5,4‐<i>b</i>]quinolines (1984)

Abstract Isoxazolo[5,4‐ b ]quinolines have been prepared by reacting 3‐acyl or aroyl‐2‐chloro‐6‐alkoxy or 6,7‐dialkoxyquinolines with hydroxylamine. The method is of general applicability for obtaining this class of compounds and involves the use of easily available starting materials.
Chromosomal integration of an avian oncogenic herpesvirus reveals telomeric preferences and evidence for lymphoma clonality (2010)

Our data highlight that substantive genome-level interactions between the virus and host exist, and merit consideration for their potential impact and role in key aspects of herpesvirus pathobiology including infection, latency, cellular transformation, latency-breaks and viral evolution.
Phase formation and characterization of the SrBi<sub>2</sub>Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>9</sub> layered-perovskite ferroelectric (1997)

Abstract The Sr-Bi-Ta-O system is of interest for thin-film non-volatile ferroelectric memories. A better understanding of the process by which the perovskite phase forms can provide insight for improved processing of this ferroelectric compound. We have prepared thin-films by a chemical method using Sr-acetate, Bi-acetate and Ta-ethoxide; cation ratios were ∼1:2:2 for Sr, Bi, and Ta, respectively. Results of in-situ crystallization studies using High-Temperature Grazing-Incidence X-ray Diffraction (HTGIXRD) have demonstrated that a fluorite structure, forming in the ∼600 – 700 °C range, acts an intermediate phase prior to the crystallization of the perovskite. Additional samples with cation ratios of –1:0.8:2 were also investigated. Results for samples prepared with the 0.8 Bi content indicated that a pyrochlore phase forms which contains a substantial deficiency in Bi compared to the composition of the perovskite phase. The structures of the pyrochlore and fluorite phases and their relation to the formation of the perovskite ferroelectric are discussed.
Biology of Dinarmus acutus1, a Chalcidoid Parasite of the Vetch Bruchid2, 3 (1975)

Journal Article Biology of Dinarmus acutus, a Chalcidoid Parasite of the Vetch Bruchid, Get access K. L. Leong, K. L. Leong 4 Department of Entomology, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331. 4Present address: Dept. of Biology, California Polytechnic State Univ., San Luis Obispo 93401. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. A. Dickason E. A. Dickason 5 Department of Entomology, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331. 5Present address: Dept. of Entomology, Univ. Nebraska, Lincoln 68503. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Volume 68, Issue 6, 17 November 1975, Pages 943–948, https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/68.6.943 Published: 17 November 1975 Article history Received: 18 October 1974 Published: 17 November 1975
What should be the optimal levels of blood pressure: does the J-curve phenomenon really exist? (2011)

Most available studies were observational and randomized trials (BBB, HOT, ACCORD BP), do not have or have lost their statistical power and were inconclusive. Further studies are therefore needed to provide definitive conclusions on the subject. In the meantime, it seems that in high-risk patients with hypertension, it is necessary to carefully select those who might suffer adverse events and those who may benefit from intensive BP lowering.
Резонансные системы светодиодного освещения (2009)

The economic fire-safety resonant system system of an electric lighting with use of bright diodes and luminescent lamps. Single-wire resonant high-frequency electrical power system is used as power source for lighting Use of a wire or a cable with one thin vein allows to reduce the charge of nonferrous metals, to reduce capital expenses for lighting networks, to exclude an opportunity of short circuit in lines and plunder of cables and wires. The resonant power supply system can find application for economic fire-safety illumination of inhabited and industrial buildings, and also for illumination of rural settlements, a part of roads and streets
Oil-containing Self Lubricating Coatings (1987)

A new generation of coatings has been developed (pending patents (1)), consisting of a non-metallic binder including non-dissolved oil. Microdroplets of liquid oil are present in the coating (or bulk material), spread over the sliding track when friction between contacting mechanical parts initiates a micro wear. Coating thickness ranges from 1 um to infinity according to the binder used. Such coatings exhibit very low friction, low wear, long lifetime, in continuous sliding as well as in alternative friction and fretting wear. In comparison to classical dry lubricated sliding coatings, improvement in wear and lifetime is more than two orders of magnitude. Substrate materials can be metals, oxides, glass, wood, plastics, stone, or concrete.
The role of SORBITOL DEHYDROGENASE in Arabidopsis thaliana (2012)

SORBITOL DEHYDROGENASE (SDH, EC 1.1.1.14) catalyses the interconversion of polyols and ketoses (e.g. sorbitol ⟷ fructose). Using two independent Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. sdh knockout mutants, we show that SDH (At5g51970) plays a primary role in sorbitol metabolism as well as an unexpected role in ribitol metabolism. Sorbitol content increased in both wild-type (WT) and mutant plant leaves during drought stress, but mutants showed a dramatically different phenotype, dying even if rewatered. The lack of functional SDH in mutant plants was accompanied by accumulation of foliar sorbitol and at least 10-fold more ribitol, neither of which decreased in mutant plants after rewatering. In addition, mutant plants were uniquely sensitive to ribitol in a concentration-dependent manner, which either prevented them from completing seed germination or inhibited seedling development, effects not observed with other polyols or with ribitol-treated WT plants. Ribitol catabolism may occur solely through SDH in A. thaliana, though at only 30% the rate of that for sorbitol. The results indicate a role for SDH in metabolism of sorbitol to fructose and in ribitol conversion to ribulose in A. thaliana during recovery from drought stress.
The methionine synthase polymorphism c.2756A>G alters susceptibility to glioblastoma multiforme (2006)

Genetic polymorphisms of methionine metabolism, in particular methionine synthase (MTR) c.2756A>G (D919G) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) c.677C>T (A222V), have been associated with various human cancers. We investigated MTR c.2756A>G, MTHFR c.677C>T, and a third polymorphism, transcobalamin 2 (Tc2) c.776C>G (P259R), for a potential association with the formation of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The MTR c.2756G allele was significantly underrepresented among 213 GBM patients of Caucasian origin when compared to 400 population controls (Patients AA/AG/GG: 0.72/0.25/0.03 and controls AA/AG/GG: 0.57/0.38/0.05, df=2; x2=13.86 (Pearson); p=0.001). No association between GBM and the two other polymorphisms was observed. The MTR D919G polymorphism has been shown to influence DNA methylation, which may well form the functional basis for the observed protective effect of the G-allele of MTR c.2756A>G against GBM.