gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geographic modeling of best transport options for treatment of acute ischemic stroke patients applied to policy decision making in the USA and Northern Ireland (2018)

Ischemic stroke is a treatable disease with alteplase, a clot-busting medical treatment, and endovascular therapy (EVT), mechanical removal of the clot through a minimally invasive procedure. The effectiveness of both treatments is time dependent, and they are usually given together. Alteplase is less effective than EVT, but is widely available at community hospitals; EVT is highly effective, but it is only available at large urban tertiary hospitals. There is uncertainty if it is better to receive alteplase early and delay EVT or vice versa. We developed a conditional probability model based on decay curves that were generated from pooled clinical trials, and then created a software solution using C# that interfaced with ArcGIS’s Software Development Kit and Google’s Distance Matrix API. The maps were developed based on pre-specified time interval variables to determine the best transportation for multiple US states (Colorado, Arizona, Tennessee, and Massachusetts/Rhode Island) and Northern Ireland. The overall objective of this work was to determine if these maps could be used to influence health policy decision making for acute stroke patients.
Automated Validation and Interpolation of Long-Duration Bicycle Counting Data (2018)

Bicycle flow data is crucial for transportation agencies to evaluate and improve cycling infrastructure. Average annual daily bicyclists (AADB) is commonly used in research and practice as a metric for cycling studies such as ridership analysis, infrastructure planning, and injury risk. AADB is estimated by averaging the daily cyclist totals measured throughout the year using a long-term automated bicycle counter, or by using long-term bicycle counting data to extrapolate data from a short-term counting site. Extrapolation of a short-term bicycle counting site requires an accurate and complete set of daily factors from a group of references: long-term bicycle counters. In practice, validation of reference data is done manually, an exercise that is time-consuming but crucial as significant error can be introduced into AADB extrapolation if reference data are not validated. This paper proposes an automated method to validate long-term bicycle count data and interpolate anomalous portions of data. As part of this work, the methods are validated using a relatively large dataset of automated bicycle counts. For validation of our approach, data anomalies are created artificially in a way that removes data (first trial), or reduces counts to 25% or 40% of the measured bicycle counts (second and third trials), for 6 hours, 12 hours, and full days. Of the more than 100 generated anomalies, the validation process flagged approximately 90% in the first and second trials and 80% in the third trial. The average absolute relative error of the interpolated daily values was approximately 10% for all three trials.
Characterization and regulation of an extrahepatic form of rabbit FAD-containing monooxygenase (FMO) (1986)

A form of FMO has been purified from lung microsomes of pregnant rabbit and demonstrated to be catalytically and immunochemically distinct from the liver enzyme. The amount and activity of rabbit lung FMO increase 5-fold during late gestation. Immunoquantitation by Western blotting has demonstrated that rabbit lung FMO is also expressed in kidney and bladder but, as previously observed, is not detectable in liver. Goat anti-rabbit lung FMO-IgG specifically immunoprecipitates a protein, with an identical molecular weight on SDS-PAGE, from in vitro rabbit reticulocyte lysate translation systems (/sup 35/S-met) charged with RNA extracted from lungs of pregnant rabbits. The addition of unlabelled rabbit lung FMO produced a concentration-dependent competition of the immunoprecipitated /sup 35/S-labelled protein. These results demonstrate that this rabbit extrahepatic FMO is translated as the mature protein. Further studies are needed to examine the regulation of this rabbit FMO in fetal lung and maternal lung, kidney and bladder at the genetic level.
THE METABOLISM OF THE LENS AS RELATED TO AGING AND EXPERIMENTAL CATARACTOGENESIS. (1965)

This paper considers the effect of aging on certain pathways of carbohydrate, protein, and nucleic acid metabolism in the normal lens. These alterations are related to experimental observations on the sugar cataracts and an attempt has been made to correlate the changes in metabolism occurring in the sugar cataracts toith the altered activities of certain pathways associated with aging. The relationship between the age of the animal and the production of sugar cataracts may be due to the fact that the initial biochemical alterations involve pathways of glucose metabolism tohich are significantly affected by the aging process. Specific aspects of protein and nucleic acid metabolism in the normal lens also show a relationship to the aging process. These include changes in the relative concentrations of the soluble and insoluble (albuminoid) protein and RNA fractions and a progressive decrease in the amino acid-RNA and protein incorporating systems. Studies on the metabolism and chemistry of a cold precipitable protein (CPP) in the lens have shown that it consists of an aggregate of the three soluble lens proteins (alpha, beta, and gamma crystallins) in which there is a binding or coprecipitation of approximately 1 to 1.5 per cent RNA. Extensive metabolic and physicochemical studies suggest that this CPP may be an intermediate in the conversion of soluble to albuminoid lens protein.
Statistical inference of OH concentrations and air mass dilution rates from successive observations of nonmethane hydrocarbons in single air masses (2007)

Bayesian inference has been used to determine rigorous estimates of hydroxyl radical concentrations ( ) and air mass dilution rates ( K ) averaged following air masses between linked observations of nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) spanning the North Atlantic during the Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation (ITCT)‐Lagrangian‐2K4 experiment. The Bayesian technique obtains a refined (posterior) distribution of a parameter given data related to the parameter through a model and prior beliefs about the parameter distribution. Here, the model describes hydrocarbon loss through OH reaction and mixing with a background concentration at rate K . The Lagrangian experiment provides direct observations of hydrocarbons at two time points, removing assumptions regarding composition or sources upstream of a single observation. The estimates are sharpened by using many hydrocarbons with different reactivities and accounting for their variability and measurement uncertainty. A novel technique is used to construct prior background distributions of many species, described by variation of a single parameter α . This exploits the high correlation of species, related by the first principal component of many NMHC samples. The Bayesian method obtains posterior estimates of , K and α following each air mass. Median values are typically between 0.5 and 2.0 × 10 6 molecules cm −3 , but are elevated to between 2.5 and 3.5 × 10 6 molecules cm −3 , in low‐level pollution. A comparison of estimates from absolute NMHC concentrations and NMHC ratios assuming zero background (the “photochemical clock” method) shows similar distributions but reveals systematic high bias in the estimates from ratios. Estimates of K are ∼0.1 day −1 but show more sensitivity to the prior distribution assumed.
1A1-C27 A Vision System for Cell Manipulation Process (2006)

This paper presents a compact vision system to be embedded into a PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) chip which will be fabricated to achieve living-cell-manipulations such as positioning, cutting, sizing and so on. The prototype vision system has been designed with the necessary magnification without losing the image resolution. Images taken with this vision system are processed to determine the position and the size of an egg-cell in a micro-channel. The accurate measurement of these parameters is important for the success of our planned cell-manipulations.
Case 27-1975 (1975)

Presentation of Case First admission. A 14-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital because of Hodgkin's disease.She was well until five weeks previously, when left axillary swelling developed; it enlarged progressively and became painful. One week before entry a left supraclavicular swelling was noticed, and it also increased in size. An x-ray film of the chest was normal. Six days before admission she entered another hospital, where a biopsy of the left axillary mass revealed Hodgkin's disease. She was referred to this hospital.The patient had experienced interscapular discomfort since the biopsy and had lost 2 kg in . . .
[The importance of nutrition for cancer patients]. (1998)

Good nutrition and nutritional therapy are important for cancer patients before, during and after treatment. The goal for the dietary advices and the nutritional therapy is to maintain or improve the nutritional status of the cancer patients. This seems to have beneficial effects on the oncological therapy. To achieve good results by using nutritional therapy in cancer treatment, a close collaboration between nutritionists, doctors and nurses will be important. The National Nutrition Council initiated in 1996 a working group in order to provide recommendations for diet and nutritional therapy in cancer patients. The group performed a literature review and studied the practice of nutritional therapy in Norwegian hospitals using a mailed questionnaire answered by 33 (72%) hospital departments. This paper gives a summary of this work.
Immunological block to mammalian fertilization: survival and organ distribution of immunoglobulin which inhibits fertilization in vivo. (1976)

Fertilization of golden hamster eggs was blocked both in vitro and in vivo by antibodies produced in rabbits against specific hamster ovarian antigens (HOA). Antibodies against HOA bound to surfaces of the hamster egg zona pellucida and prevented spermatozoa from attaching to the zona and entering eggs in vitro. Fertilization in animals could be blocked for four estrous cycles by a single intraperitoneal injection of anti-HOA immunoglobulin, but not by control immunoglobulin. The in vivo fate of anti-HOA immunoglobulin was analyzed by simultaneous injection of 125I-anti-HOA IgG and control 131I-IgG. Both anti-HOA IgG and control IgG appeared in a variety of organs (lung, kidney, spleen, liver, and uterus) shortly after injection, but disappeared rapidly with no detectable differences in organ half lives. However, in the ovary anti-HOA IgG (but not control IgG) persisted at high levels during the period of infertility. Quantitative precipitin analysis of organ homogenates indicated that a high percentage of anti-HOA IgG in the ovary (but not in the other organs tested) was immunologically indistinguishable from IgG indicating lack of radiolabel metabolism and reincorporation. The results are discussed in terms of the development of a specific immunological block to fertility.
Gated spin transport through an individual single wall carbon nanotube (2006)

Hysteretic switching in the magnetoresistance of short-channel, ferromagnetically contacted individual single wall carbon nanotubes is observed, providing strong evidence for nanotube spin transport. By varying the voltage on a capacitively coupled gate, the magnetoresistance can be reproducibly modified between +10% and −15%. The results are explained in terms of wave vector matching of the spin polarized electron states at the ferromagnetic ∕ nanotube interfaces.
On the Vascular Inotropic Action of 1,25-(OH)2 Vitamin D3 (1993)

Previous work from our laboratory showed that injection of 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3 (1,25-vitD) into the rat over a 3-day period increases force generating capacity of subsequently isolated resistance arteries. To better understand the mechanism of this vascular inotropic action, we examined the time course of its development and Ca(2+)-associated mechanism of action. Mesenteric resistance arteries were isolated from 12-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) 6 and 24 h after a single injection and 24 h after three and seven consecutive days of injection of 1,25-vitD (20 ng/100 g) or vehicle. Serum 1,25-vitD was increased nearly threefold at 6 h, but not at later times. Serum total and ionized Ca2+ were not affected at any time point. No changes in contractile force generation were detected at 6 and 24 h, but a significant increase in the active stress response to norepinephrine and arginine vasopressin was observed after both 3 and 7 days of 1,25-vitD treatment. No effect on sensitivity to either agonist was observed at any time point. To determine whether the vascular inotropic effects of 1,25-vitD might translate into changes in blood pressure, 11-week-old male Wistar rats were given daily injections of 1,25-vitD (20 ng/100 g) over a 4-week period, and blood pressure and body weight were measured. While body weight did not differ at any time point in the two groups, systolic blood pressure was elevated in the 1,25-vitD group v control by 7 days, and continued to be elevated over the period of observation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A transient potassium conductance regulates the excitability of cultured hippocampal and spinal neurons (1984)

Cultured mouse spinal cord and rat hippocampal neurons were voltage clamped with a two-electrode system in the presence of tetrodotoxin (1 to 3 microM) and tetraethylammonium (25 mM). Depolarizing voltage commands from holding potentials negative to -50 mV evoked a transient outward current response that peaked within 10 msec and decayed exponentially with a time constant of 10 to 40 msec. The current was inactivated by holding at potentials more positive than -50 mV but could be reactivated by brief hyperpolarizing prepulses (20-msec steps to -90 mV reactivated 50%). The inversion potential of the tail current evoked in a double-step protocol was -70 to -75 mV, and this shifted in a depolarizing direction with elevated [K+]0. The transient outward current was blocked by external application of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) with an IC50 of 2 mM. In experiments under current clamp, 4-AP suppressed an initial transient rectification of the electrotonic potential recorded in response to depolarizing current and reduced the threshold for single and repetitive action potentials. Thus, a transient K+ conductance similar to IA of molluscan neurons may serve to regulate the excitability of some central mammalian neurons. Depression of this conductance by 4-AP could contribute to the drug's convulsant effects in vivo.
Guest editors' introduction: application-specific microprocessors (2003)

Presents the guest editorial for this issue of the publication.
Hepatitis E virus: Molecular virology, clinical features, diagnosis, transmission, epidemiology, and prevention (2008)

Hepatitis E virus (HEV), the sole member of the genus Hepevirus in the family of Hepeviridae, is the major cause of several outbreaks of waterborne hepatitis in tropical and subtropical countries and of sporadic cases of viral hepatitis in endemic and industrialized countries. Transmission of HEV occurs predominantly by the fecal-oral route although parenteral and perinatal routes have been implicated. The overall death rate among young adults and pregnant women is 0.5-3% and 15-20%, respectively. HEV is a small non-enveloped particle that consists of a polyadenylated single-strand RNA molecule containing three discontinuous and partially overlapping open reading frames. There are four major genotypes of HEV and a single serotype. At present, there are approximately 1,600 sequences of HEV that are already available at INSDC of both human and animal isolates. Diagnostic and molecular assays have been described for the accurate differentiation of ongoing from remote infection of HEV. Identification and characterization of swine HEV in the United States, Japan, and many other countries and their close relationship to locally characterized human HEV found in the same geographic areas prove that HEV is indeed a zoonotic virus and that domestic swine, wild deer, and boars are reservoirs of HEV in nature. A cell culture system for the propagation of the virus has been described, and a very successful phase 2 vaccine trial has been completed. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the molecular biology, clinical features, transmission, diagnosis, epidemiology, and prevention of HEV.
Intra-molecular origin of the spin-phonon coupling in slow-relaxing molecular magnets (2017)

We perform a systematic investigation of the spin-phonon coupling leading to spin relaxation in the prototypical mononuclear single molecule magnet [(tpa<sup>Ph</sup>)Fe]<sup>-</sup>. In particular we analyze in detail the nature of the most relevant vibrational modes giving rise to the relaxation. Our fully <i>ab initio</i> calculations, where the phonon modes are evaluated at the level of density functional theory and the spin-phonon coupling by mapping post-Hartree-Fock electronic structures onto an effective spin Hamiltonian, reveal that acoustic phonons are not active in the spin-phonon relaxation process of dilute SMMs crystals. Furthermore, we find that intra-molecular vibrational modes produce anisotropy tensor modulations orders of magnitude higher than those associated to rotations. In light of these results we are able to suggest new designing rules for spin-long-living SMMs which go beyond the tailoring of static molecular features but fully take into account dynamical features of the vibrational thermal bath evidencing those internal molecular distortions more relevant to the spin dynamics.
CHEMISTRY OF GLYCOSYL TRIFLATES: SYNTHESIS OF<i>β</i>-MANNOPYRANOSIDES (2002)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank the numerous talented students and postdoctorals whose hard work and diligence has contributed, and continues to contribute, to the development of glycosyl triflate chemistry in my laboratory. The National Institutes of Health (GM 57335) are gratefully acknowledged for their support of this work.
Strength of nanostructured austenitic steel 316LN at cryogenic temperatures (2014)

The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of nano-refinement on the properties of austenitic steel. The material with the initial grain size of 40-50pm was subjected to hydrostatic extrusion at a room temperature to the total accumulated strain exceeding 1. The microstructure developed was investigated by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Focus Ion Beam (FIB). The strength of the extruded samples was tested at 293K, 77K and 4.2K by means of cryostat for static tensile tests. The results show that the hydrostatically extruded steel 316LN has excellent strength in cryogenic conditions, which make this material interesting for applications in cryogenic devices.
Produção de lipases bacterianas e aplicação à síntese de biodiesel. (2017)

Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-24T00:13:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1\nPaginasdeAnaisIVEnPI1496101.pdf: 479731 bytes, checksum: 20109eda15cdaba85c16b3ef8c291d94 (MD5)\n Previous issue date: 2017-09-22
Prevention of venous thrombosis in patients undergoing major orthopaedic surgical procedures. (1989)

A summary of the relative effectiveness of the various prophylactic approaches is shown in Table 13. From this it can be seen that for studies comparing active prophylaxis with no prophylaxis, aspirin was relatively ineffective, while dextran, oral anticoagulants and low dose heparin were approximately equally effective, each being associated with a risk reduction of approximately 50 per cent. Low dose heparin and DHE showed a risk reduction of 52 per cent in one study, while LMWH showed a risk reduction of 72 per cent.
High‐Efficiency Organic Tandem Solar Cells With Effective Transition Metal Chelates Interconnecting Layer (2017)

Organic tandem solar cells have two sub‐cells vertically connected via a tunnel junction (or interconnecting layer, ICL), which the ICL plays a critical role of determining the performance of the tandem cell. In this manuscript, we report a new design of the ICL consisting of zirconium (IV) acetylacetonate (Zr‐Acac) as the electron transport layer. The Zr‐Acac has a suitable work function to pin the Fermi‐level of the ICL and hence, can effectively behave as the charge recombination function for the tandem device. Comparing to the reference device consisting of ZnO ETL layer, the Zr‐Acac ICL can effectively enhance the efficiency by 20%, from 8.4 to 10.1% power conversion efficiencies. More importantly, the Zr‐Acac ETL layer functions effectively without thermal annealing, which not only simplifies the tandem solar cell processing, but also widens the front sub‐cell material selection.
Structure and binding properties of collagen type XIV isolated from human placenta. (1993)

Collagen XIV was isolated from neutral salt extracts of human placenta and purified by several chromatographic steps including affinity binding to heparin. The same procedures also led to the purification of a tissue form of fibronectin. Collagen XIV was demonstrated by partial sequence analysis of its Col1 and Col2 domains and by electron microscopy to be a disulphide-linked molecule with a characteristic cross-shape. The individual chains had a size of approximately 210 kD, which was reduced to approximately 180 kD (domain NC3) after treatment with bacterial collagenase. Specific antibodies mainly to NC3 epitopes were obtained by affinity chromatography and used in tissue and cell analyses by immunoblotting and radioimmunoassays. Two sequences from NC3 were identified on fragments obtained after trypsin cleavage. They were identical to cDNA-derived sequences of undulin, a noncollagenous extracellular matrix protein. This suggests that collagen XIV and undulin may be different splice variants from the same gene. Heparin binding was confirmed in ligand assays with a large basement membrane heparan sulphate proteoglycan. This binding could be inhibited by heparin and heparan sulphate but not by chondroitin sulphate. In addition, collagen XIV bound to the triple helical domain of collagen VI. The interactions with heparin sulphate proteoglycan and collagen VI were not shared by the NC3 domain, or by reduced and alkylated collagen XIV. No or only low binding was observed for collagens I-V, pN-collagens I and III, and several noncollagenous matrix proteins, including laminin, recombinant nidogen, BM-40/osteonectin, plasma and tissue fibronectin, vitronectin, and von Willebrand factor. Insignificant activity was also shown in cell attachment assays with nine established cell lines.
Vaginal Microbiota and the Use of Probiotics (2008)

The human vagina is inhabited by a range of microbes from a pool of over 50 species. Lactobacilli are the most common, particularly in healthy women. The microbiota can change composition rapidly, for reasons that are not fully clear. This can lead to infection or to a state in which organisms with pathogenic potential coexist with other commensals. The most common urogenital infection in premenopausal women is bacterial vaginosis (BV), a condition characterized by a depletion of lactobacilli population and the presence of Gram-negative anaerobes, or in some cases Gram-positive cocci, and aerobic pathogens. Treatment of BV traditionally involves the antibiotics metronidazole or clindamycin, however, the recurrence rate remains high, and this treatment is not designed to restore the lactobacilli. In vitro studies have shown that Lactobacillus strains can disrupt BV and yeast biofilms and inhibit the growth of urogenital pathogens. The use of probiotics to populate the vagina and prevent or treat infection has been considered for some time, but only quite recently have data emerged to show efficacy, including supplementation of antimicrobial treatment to improve cure rates and prevent recurrences.