gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Osteonal and hemi‐osteonal remodeling: The spatial and temporal framework for signal traffic in adult human bone (1994)

The bone replacement process in the adult skeleton is known as remodeling. When bone is removed by osteoclasts, new bone is laid down by osteoblasts in the same place, because the load bearing requirement is unchanged. Bone is usually replaced because it is too old to carry out its function, which is mainly mechanical in cortical bone and mainly support for homeostasis and hematopoiesis in cancellous bone. Remodeling always begins on a quiescent bone surface, separated from the marrow by flat lining cells that are one of the two modes of terminal differentiation of osteoblasts. Lining cells are gatekeepers, able to be informed of the need for remodeling, and to either execute or mediate all four components of its activation-selection and preparation of the site, recruitment of mononuclear preosteoclasts, budding of new capillaries, and attraction of preosteoclasts to the chosen site where they fuse into multinucleated osteoclasts. In cortical bone, osteonal remodeling is carried out by a complex and unique structure, the basic multicellular unit (BMU) that comprises a cutting cone of osteoclasts in front, a closing cone lined by osteoblasts following behind, and connective tissue, blood vessels and nerves filling the cavity. The BMU maintains its size, shape and internal organization for many months as it travels through bone in a controlled direction. Individual osteoclast nuclei are short-lived, turning over about 8% per d, replaced by new preosteoclasts that originated in the bone marrow and travel in the circulation to the site of resorption. Refilling of bone at each successive cross-sectional location is accomplished by a team of osteoblasts, probably originating from precursors within the local connective tissue, all assembled within a narrow window of time, at the right location, and in the right orientation to the surface. Each osteoblast team forms bone most rapidly at its onset and slows down progressively. Some of the osteoblasts are buried as osteocytes, some die, and the remainder gradually assume the shape of lining cells. Cancellous bone is more accessible to study than cortical bone, but is geometrically complex. Although remodeling conforms to the same sequence of surface activation, resorption and formation, its three-dimensional organization is difficult to visualize from two-dimensional histologic sections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The Association Between Shared Values and Well-being Among Married Couples (2021)

Marital well-being in the U.S. has been declining since 1973. Individualism has increased during these years contributing to the decreases in marital well-being. The main objectives of this study were: (1) test the relationships between shared values (religious, family, and marital) and marital well-being (financial stability, marital happiness, and individual well-being) and (2) examine simultaneously the relationships between the three marital well-being variables. Data were utilized from the Survey of Marital Generosity (an extant data set collected during 2010-2011) to answer the research questions. This survey provided a nationally representative sample of married couples (n=1,237). Path analysis was used to examine the hypotheses of the study. Significant relationships were found between several shared values and the marital well-being variables of marital happiness and individual well-being. However, no shared values were found to be related to financial stability. The control variables of education, ethnicity, and cohabitation did have significant associations with financial stability and the other dependent variables. The marital well-being variables were all found to be positively related to each other and the husbands and wives' reports of each of the dependent variables were also positively correlated. The underlying theme of teamwork in marriage was seen as the most important finding and several suggestions for future research and professional interventions were suggested.
Image and video fingerprinting for digital rights management of multimedia data (2006)

Multimedia fingerprinting, also know as robust/perceptual hashing and replica detection is an emerging technology that can be used as an alternative to watermarking for the efficient Digital Rights Management (DRM) of multimedia data. Two fingerprinting approaches are reviewed in this paper. The first is an image fingerprinting technique that makes use of color-based descriptors, R-trees and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). The second is a video fingerprinting method that utilizes information about the appearances of actors in videos along with an efficient search strategy. Experimental performance analysis is provided for both methods.
Neuroprotective Effect of Z-Ligustilide against Permanent Focal Ischemic Damage in Rats (2007)

The present study investigated the effect of Z-Ligustilide (LIG), a characterized 3-n-alkyphthalide derivative existed in many medical Umbelliferae plants, on permanent focal ischemic brain injury in rats. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by the occlusion of middle cerebral artery (MCA) for 24 h. LIG (20, or 80 mg/kg), orally administered at 2 h after ischemia, reduced the cerebral infarct volumes by 48.29% and 84.87% respectively compared to control group as visualized by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining (p<0.01). Treatment with LIG could dose-dependently reduce brain swelling by 68.62% and 82.08% (p<0.01), and significantly improve behavioral deficits (p<0.01). In addition, LIG at the above used doses had no significant effect on rat body temperature. These data, along with previous findings in our lab demonstrating the neuroprotective effects of LIG in transient cerebral ischemia, suggest that LIG may be a potential neuroprotective agent for the treatment of ischemic stroke in future.
Experimental Investigation of Faulty Gearbox Using Motor Current Signature Analysis. (2009)

Even though there are a number of condition monitoring and analysis techniques, researchers are in search of a simple and easy way to monitor vibration of a gearbox, which is an omnipresent and an important power transmission component in any machinery. Motor current signature analysis (MCSA) has been the most recent addition as a non-intrusive and easy to measure condition monitoring technique.
In gearboxes, load fluctuations on the gearbox and gear defects are two major sources of vibration. Further at times, measurement of vibration in the gearbox is not easy because of the inaccessibility in mounting the vibration transducers.The objective of this paper is to detect artificially introduced defects in gears of a multistage automotive transmission gearbox at different gear operations using MCSA as a condition monitoring technique. Steady as well as fluctuating load conditions on the gearbox are tested for both vibration and current signatures during different gear operations.
Flavones in citrus exhibit antiadhesive action on platelets. (1988)

Two methoxylated flavones isolated from citrus, sinensetin (5 methoxyls) and heptamethoxy flavone (7 methoxyls), were compared in vitro with nobiletin for antiadhesive activity on rat platelets. Nobiletin (a hexamethoxyflavone also isolated from citrus) has been previously shown by several workers to have antiadhesive and antithrombogenic activity. The penta- and heptamethoxylated flavones exhibited anti-adhesive activity similar to that of nobiletin. However, activity did not parallel number of methoxyl groups which appear to indicate some degree of specificity between flavone structure and antiadhesive activity on platelets.
Focal vascular endothelial growth factor correlates with angiogenesis in human endometrium. Role of intravascular neutrophils (2001)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is expressed in human endometrium, but the cellular source of VEGF for endometrial angiogenesis has not been determined. In the present study the relationship between focal VEGF associated with microvessels and endothelial cell proliferation was examined in three layers of human endometrium at various stages of the menstrual cycle (menstrual, proliferative and secretory). Immunohistochemical analysis of full thickness endometrium from 18 hysterectomy samples without endometrial pathology were examined. The percentage of proliferating vessels was higher in proliferative compared to secretory endometrium, but this was only statistically significant in the basalis layer. A significantly greater percentage of VEGF-expressing microvessels was observed in proliferative than secretory endometrium (P < 0.05). The most VEGF-expressing microvessels were observed in the subepithelial capillary plexus, followed by the functionalis and least were present in the basalis. There was a significant correlation between focal VEGF-expressing microvessels and proliferating vessels for the subepithelial capillary plexus (R(s) = 0.70, P = 0.008), the functionalis (R(s) = 0.70, P = 0.001) and the basalis (R(s) = 0.76, P < 0.001). Focal VEGF associated with microvessels was found in marginating and adherent neutrophils. These data suggest that neutrophils in intimate contact with endometrial endothelium may be a source of intravascular VEGF for vessels undergoing angiogenesis by elongation or intussusception, particularly during the proliferative phase of rapid endometrial growth.
Purification and characterization of nuclear factor III (origin recognition protein C), a sequence-specific DNA binding protein required for efficient initiation of adenovirus DNA replication. (1988)

Nuclear factor III (NF-III, origin recognition protein C) is a cellular DNA binding protein that has high affinity for a DNA sequence contained within the adenovirus origin of DNA replication. We have purified NF-III more than 760-fold from HeLa nuclear extracts by a combination of conventional methods and DNA recognition site affinity chromatography. The NF-III polypeptide has an apparent molecular weight of 92,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The sedimentation coefficient of the native protein is 3.1 S, and the Stokes radius is 61 A. These values indicate that NF-III exists in solution as a somewhat asymmetric monomer. Purified NF-III binds specifically to a sequence within domain C of the adenovirus origin of replication and stimulates initiation of adenovirus DNA replication in in vitro reconstitution experiments. NF-III also binds specifically to a sequence element in the human histone H2B gene that is required for H2B-specific mRNA synthesis in vitro. Thus, NF-III may function as an activator of both viral DNA replication and cellular transcription.
Practical Process Control: Tuning and Troubleshooting (2009)

Practical Process Control (loop tuning and troubleshooting). This book differs from others on the market in several respects. First, the presentation is totally in the time domain (the word LaPlace is nowhere to be found). The focus of the book is actually troubleshooting, not tuning. If a controller is tunable, the tuning procedure will be straightforward and uneventful. But if a loop is untunable, difficulties will be experienced, usually early in the tuning effort. The nature of any difficulty provides valuable clues to what is rendering the loop untunable. For example, if reducing the controller gain leads to increased oscillations, one should look for possible interaction with one or more other loops. Tuning difficulties are always symptoms of other problems; effective troubleshooting involves recognizing the clues, identifying the root cause of the problem, and making corrections. Furthermore, most loops are rendered untunable due to some aspect of the steady-state behavior of the process. Consequently, the book focuses more on the relationship of process control to steady-state process characteristics than to dynamic process characteristics. One prerequisite to effective troubleshooting is to demystify some of the characteristics of the PID control equations. One unique aspect of this book is that it explains in the time domain all aspects of the PID control equation (including as the difference between the parallel and series forms of the PID, the reset feedback form of the PID equation, reset windup protection, etc.) The book stresses an appropriate P&I (process and instrumentation) diagram as critical to successful tuning. If the P&I is not right, tuning difficulties are inevitable. Developing and analyzing P&I diagrams is a critical aspect of troubleshooting.
Tribochemistry, tribocatalysis, and the negative-ion-radical action mechanism (2009)

Terms such as tribochemistry, catalysis, and tribocatalysis are often used to account for various tribological findings, especially those relating to boundary lubrication. The major goal of this article is to present/discuss tribochemistry and tribocatalysis mostly in terms of the negative-ion-radical action mechanism (NIRAM). This article also briefly overviews most recent books and book chapters and discusses selected physical and chemical phenomena in the boundary friction contact concerning tribochemistry and tribocatalysis. A catalyst provides a new and easier pathway for reactant molecules to be converted into product molecules. What exactly does the term tribocatalysis mean? Is there any relationship between tribochemistry and tribocatalysis? This article attempts to answer these questions and will demonstrate the importance of the NIRAM approach and the concept of NIRAM-hard and soft acids and bases in tribochemistry, catalysis, and tribocatalysis. It is demonstrated that in both tribochemical reactions and some heterogeneous catalytic reactions, intermediate reactive species are formed by the same mechanism mostly governed by the NIRAM approach. Emphasis is on the role of thermal electrons (thermionic emission) on catalysis and both thermal electrons and exo-electrons on tribocatalysis. Some examples of tribocatalytic reactions are also introduced. The relationship between adhesive wear, especially severe-mild wear transition, is discussed from the point of view of tribochemical reactions between environmental gases and a worn surface.
A NEW METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF ALKANE PHOSPHONYL DICHLORIDES (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA NEW METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF ALKANE PHOSPHONYL DICHLORIDESJOHN P. CLAYCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1951, 16, 6, 892–894Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01146a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01146a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views460Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Emotion measurement platform for daily life situations (2009)

The growing interest in affective computing is expected to have its beneficial impact on consumer lifestyle products. Especially emphatic applications - applications that make you feel they really understand you - will serve the current consumer interest in enhanced and meaningful experiences. To do so, the applications will have to measure the user's emotional experience. Well-established psychophysiological techniques bear promise, but so far have mainly been validated in laboratory situations. To also apply them in real-life situations, we built an emotion measurement platform. This platform shows that emotional experiences can be measured in a relatively unobtrusive way, while at the same time it enables us to gather knowledge on emotional experiences in everyday-life and it offers the opportunity to prototype emphatic application concepts and test them in relevant situations.
Reactions of 3-Thiocyano-2-butanone. I. The Preparation of 2-Substituted-4,5-dimethylthiazoles (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of 3-Thiocyano-2-butanone. I. The Preparation of 2-Substituted-4,5-dimethylthiazolesJames T. Gregory and Roger A. MathesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 7, 1719–1720Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1952https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01127a032RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views212Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (277 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Path planning and communication optimizing in multi-UAVs cooperative communication relay (2014)

Communication network is the foundation for the multiple unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)to get more information and to exert the advantage of cooperative campaign when they are cooperating in communication relay tasks.This paper mainly focuses on the problem of search path planning and communication optimizing during the process of cooperative relay.The path planning is to find the location of moving crew on the ground and build up a communication network for UAVs to perform the relay task;the communication optimizing is to solve the problem of communication intermit and distortion during the process of relay,analyze the information routing of the network,choose communication delay as the performance index,and change the location of UAVs to improve network performance.Simulation results indicate that during the search task this approach can improve the performance of the network.
Thermal imaging to detect spatial and temporal variation in the water status of grapevine (<i>Vitis vinifera</i>L.) (2016)

Thermal imaging can detect variation in stomatal conductance and therefore spatial variation in the water status of grapevine. Temporal variation can also be assessed, using indices that relate canopy temperature to reference temperatures, but, as yet, there is no standard approach to obtain these reference values. Also, the potential of above-canopy imaging is uncertain for vine rows with mainly vertically oriented leaves. Thermal images of the side (vertical leaves) and top (horizontal leaves) of ‘Tempranillo’ (Vitis vinifera L.) grapevine rows were captured on different dates and in different plots in a vineyard in the Rioja, Spain. Reference temperatures were determined separately (i) as the temperature of artificial leaves placed in the grapevine canopy, or (ii) by calculation from the leaf energy budget. With respect to imaging the side of grapevine rows, the two approaches exhibited similar potential to indicate variation in stomatal conductance or stem water potential within a single date and time of day. Over different dates (implying temporal as well as spatial variability) and both sides of the grapevines, the use of the artificial surfaces resulted in stronger correlations between thermal indices and physiological variables than the application of energy budget models. The use of such reference surfaces would allow a standardised approach to thermography. Imaging the top of rows produced some highly significant correlations between thermal indices and physiological variables. Modified artificial leaves could be developed to standardise the determination of reference temperatures, at the same spatial resolution as the leaves of interest. That imaging the top of grapevine canopies provides useful information on water status suggests that aerial imaging could be used to assess spatial variation in water status across entire vineyards.
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Stimulates Trophoblast Invasion through Extracellularly Regulated Kinase and AKT Signaling (2007)

Chorionic gonadotropin (CG) is indispensable for human pregnancy because it controls implantation, decidualization, and placental development. However, its particular role in the differentiation process of invasive trophoblasts has not been fully unraveled. Here we demonstrate that the hormone promotes trophoblast invasion and migration in different trophoblast model systems. RT-PCR and Western blot analyses revealed expression of the LH/CG receptor in trophoblast cell lines and different trophoblast primary cultures. In vitro, CG increased migration and invasion of trophoblastic SGHPL-5 cells through uncoated and Matrigel-coated transwells, respectively. The hormone also increased migration of first-trimester villous explant cultures on collagen I. Proliferation of the trophoblast cell line and villous explant cultures measured by cumulative cell numbers and in situ 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine labeling, respectively, was unaffected by CG. Addition of the hormone activated ERK-1/2 and AKT in SGHPL-5 cells and pure, extravillous trophoblasts. Inhibition of MAPK kinase/ERK and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase/AKT blocked phosphorylation of the kinases and attenuated CG-dependent invasion of SGHPL-5 cells. Similarly, the inhibitors decreased hormone-stimulated migration in villous explant cultures. Western blot analyses and gelatin zymography suggested that CG increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 protein levels and activity in both culture systems. Inhibition of ERK or AKT diminished CG-induced MMP-2 expression. In summary, the data demonstrate that CG promotes trophoblast invasion and migration through activation of ERK and AKT signaling involving their downstream effector MMP-2. Because the increase of CG during the first trimester of pregnancy correlates with rising trophoblast motility, the hormone could be a critical regulator of the early invasion process.