gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of the p'D Function to Interference Analysis (1980)

A technique for analyzing interference test data is presented that employsthe time rate of pressure change - the pD' function. Thisfunction exhibits a maximum value of 0.736 at atD/rD2 of 0.25 for an idealline-source well. Several field examples are included to demonstrate theapplication of this technique in determining transmissibility (kh/µ) andstorage (fch) between a well pair. Introduction It has been pointed out that interference tests1 may be run withgreater ease and may take less time than pulse tests2,3 to developin-situ reservoir properties such as transmissibility (kh/µ) and storage(fch). An interference test consists of recording the transient pressureresponse at an observation well caused by a constant rate change at some sourcewell. The pressure response can help determine formation continuity, fracturesorientation, and areal average transmissibility and storage between a wellpair. Interference pressure data can be analyzed by (1) least-squares regressionanalysis coupled with a two-dimensional single-phase compressible-fluidreservoir simulator4,5 and (2) type curve matching6,7techniques. A rapid hand analysis method1 requires the recognitionof the maximum slope line on pressure response ?p vs. time curve plottedon a rectangular coordinate paper. This slope is used to determine thetransmissibility (kh/µ). The intercept of this line on the time scale isused to obtain storage (fch) between the well pair. The slope of the line gives the maximum value of the time rate of change ofpressure at the observation well. This maximum slope occurs at the inflectionpoint of the ?p vs. time curve. The time to reach this maximum slope ofinflection point is also a characteristic of the system and, therefore, can beused to determine the storage (fch) between the well pair. The examplespresented in this paper will illustrate this technique. In view of the above, it is necessary to develop the behavior ofpD' at an observation well due to a constant-rate source wellfor a proper understanding of interference test behavior. The wellbore storageeffects are assumed to be negligible at this source or active well. This ispresented in the next section in terms of dimensionless quantities forsimplicity. In later discussion, equations in oilfield units are used. It is emphasized here that the pD' function has been usedbefore in petroleum literature for water influx8–10 and wellborestorage11,12 calculations. Further, pD' behaviorhas been employed in detection of reservoir boundaries.13–15 Theseapplications will not be discussed in this report.
Studies on a High-Speed Electronic Differential Analyser (1957)

This paper describes the principles of operation of high-speed electronic differential analysers called analogue computers, with particular reference to the analyser set up at the Indian Institute of Science. The potentialities of such an analyser in solving linear differential equations and also in dealing with physical systems in which several types of non-linearities occur are discussed. The paper then describes the solution of some typical problems with the aid of the computer installed at the Indian Institute of Science.
Network randomization protocol: a proactive pseudo-random generator (1995)

A major security threat to any security solutions based on a centralized server is the possibility of an adversary gaining access to and taking control of the server. The adversary may then learn secrets, corrupt data, or send erroneous messages. In practice, such an adversary may be more prevalent than one would like to admit. It may be a malicious hacker, a virus in an application program, or an unscrupulous system administrator.

Proactive security is a novel approach to the server security problem. It uses the distribution of data and control to multiple servers and periodic refreshes between servers. By distributing data and control, one or more servers may be compromised without compromising the system. Periodic refreshes between servers allow a compromised server to recover after the attacker leaves, thereby contributing to the system security. A fraction (in some cases all) of the servers must be compromised simultaneously in order to compromise the system.

This paper describes the Network Randomization Protocol (NRP) -- a proactive protocol for generating cryptographically secure pseudo-random numbers. The protocol is designed for operation in the Internet and includes defenses against clogging attacks. Issues related to the design and implementation of the protocol are discussed.

As virtually no cryptographic task is possible without a source of randomness or pseudorandomness, NRP is an important basic building block for many cryptographic functions. Furthermore, it serves to illustrate the main ideas and intuitions of proactive security.
Microencapsulation of Live Cells in Synthetic Polymer Capsules (2017)

In cell therapies, it is advantageous to encapsulate live cells in protective, semipermeable microparticles for controlled release of cytokines, growth factors, monoclonal antibodies, or insulin. Here, a modified electrospraying approach with an organic solution of poly(lactide-<i>co</i>-glycolide) (PLGA) polymer is used to create synthetic PLGA capsules that effectively protect live cells. Using a design of experiment (DOE) methodology, the effect of governing jetting parameters on encapsulation efficiency, yield, and size is systematically evaluated. On the basis of this analysis, the interaction between bovine serum albumin concentration and core flow rate is the most dominant factor determining core encapsulation efficiency as well as the microcapsule size. However, the interaction between shell solvent ratio and shell flow rate predominantly defines the particle yield. To validate these findings, live cells have been successfully encapsulated in microcapsules using optimized parameters from the DOE analysis and have survived the electrohydrodynamic jetting process. Extending the currently available toolkit for cell microencapsulation, these biodegradable, semi-impermeable cell-laden microcapsules may find a range of applications in areas such as tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and drug delivery.
Synthesis of Carambola-Like CuO via a Chemical Bath Method (2010)

By a simple chemical bath method, new carambola-like structured CuO had been fabricated in a solution composed of Cu(NO3)2, NaOH and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA). The formation of such structure was caused by in-situ dehydration and separation of flower-like petals composed of several pieces of copper hydroxide sheets. The corresponding electrochemical reactivity of structured CuO has been investigated, which demonstrated the potential application for lithium ion batteries.
Molekülstruktur von Phe<sup>2</sup>‐TRH, einem Analogon des Thyreotropin‐freisetzenden Hormons (1979)

Eine Röntgen‐Strukturanalyse des Thyreotropin‐freisetzenden Hormons (TRH) ist bisher nicht möglich, weil TRH schlecht kristallisiert. Jetzt konnten geeignete Kristalle des nahe verwandten Phe 2 ‐ TRH erhalten werden. Die Struktur dieser Verbindung ist durch leichte Unordnung (zwei Konformationen des Prolinringes) gekennzeichnet. magnified image
Regulation of androgen receptor levels: Implications for prostate cancer progression and therapy (2005)

Androgen deprivation has been the standard therapy for advanced and metastatic prostate cancer for over half a century, as prostate tumors are initially dependent on androgens for growth and survival. Unfortunately, in most patients undergoing androgen ablation, relapse (recurrent tumor growth) eventually occurs. The actions of the principal androgens, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), are mediated via androgen receptors (ARs), ligand-activated transcription factors that belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily. Because of the presence of transcriptionally active ARs in tumors from recurrent or androgen-independent disease, there is a heightened interest in new therapeutic paradigms that target the AR and its regulatory pathways. The regulation of AR levels is highly complex with control exerted by several pathways and in a cell-, tissue-, and developmental-stage specific manner. Androgens are important regulators of AR mRNA and protein through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. This article reviews the evidence implicating the AR in recurrent prostate cancer and discusses the multiple mechanisms that regulate AR levels in normal and neoplastic cells. The complexity of AR regulation suggests that there will be an ample array of potential new drug targets for modulating levels of this receptor, a key signaling molecule in prostate cancer.
Phytoplasmal infection derails genetically preprogrammed meristem fate and alters plant architecture (2013)

In the life cycle of higher plants, it is the fate of meristem cells that determines the pattern of growth and development, and therefore plant morphotype and fertility. Floral transition, the turning point from vegetative growth to reproductive development, is achieved via genetically programmed sequential changes in meristem fate from vegetative to inflorescence, and to floral, leading to flower formation and eventual seed production. The transition is rarely reversible once initiated. In this communication, we report that a bacterial infection can derail the genetically programmed fate of meristem cells, thereby drastically altering the growth pattern of the host plant. We identified four characteristic symptoms in tomato plants infected with a cell wall-less bacterium, phytoplasma. The symptoms are a manifestation of the pathogen-induced alterations of growth pattern, whereas each symptom corresponds to a distinct phase in the derailment of shoot apical meristem fate. The phases include premature floral meristem termination, suppressed floral meristem initiation, delayed conversion of vegetative meristem to inflorescence meristem, and repetitive initiation and outgrowth of lateral vegetative meristems. We further found that the pathogen-induced alterations of growth pattern were correlated with transcriptional reprogramming of key meristem switching genes. Our findings open an avenue toward understanding pathological alterations in patterns of plant growth and development, thus aiding identification of molecular targets for disease control and symptom alleviation. The findings also provide insights for understanding stem cell pluripotency and raise a tantalizing possibility for using phytoplasma as a tool to dissect the course of normal plant development and to modify plant morphogenesis by manipulating meristem fate.
Effects of lamb age, muscle type, and 24-hour activity of endogenous proteinases on postmortem proteolysis1 (1992)

The objectives of this study were to examine the amount of postmortem proteolysis in three different lamb muscles at different ages and to determine whether a relationship exists between the extent of myofibrillar degradation and certain endogenous proteinase activities. Wether lambs were slaughtered at 8 (n = 6) and 26 (n = 6) wk of age. Samples were taken from the longissimus (LM), gluteus medius (GM), and supraspinatus (SS) muscles for determining myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI) at 1 and 7 d postmortem, cathepsins B and B + L, cystatin(s), mu- and m-calpain and calpastatin 24-h activities, and muscle fiber type and area. Muscle samples were removed for SDS-PAGE analysis at 0, 1, and 7 d postmortem. The SS muscle consisted of more (P less than .05) oxidative fibers, whereas no age effects (P greater than .10) were observed for fiber type. The younger lambs had higher (P less than .01) cathepsins B and B + L, cystatin, and calpastatin 24-h activities but less (P less than .01) m-calpain activity than did the 26-wk-old lambs. Within each age, the SS muscle had the highest (P less than .05) mu-calpain, m-calpain, and calpastatin specific activities. The MFI values and SDS-PAGE results indicate that less proteolysis occurred in the SS muscle. Samples from 26-wk-old lambs tended to have greater MFI values at 1 and 7 d postmortem, especially for the LM and GM muscles. From these results, it seems that less postmortem proteolysis occurs in younger and more oxidative muscles and this may be attributed to the greater calpastatin 24-h activity.
Demystification of Chester porphyria: A nonsense mutation in the porphobilinogen deaminase gene (2006)

The porphyrias arise from predominantly inherited catalytic deficiencies of specific enzymes in heme biosynthesis. All genes encoding these enzymes have been cloned and several mutations underlying the different types of porphyrias have been reported. Traditionally, the diagnosis of porphyria is made on the basis of clinical symptoms, characteristic biochemical findings, and specific enzyme assays. In some cases however, these diagnostic tools reveal overlapping findings, indicating the existence of dual porphyrias with two enzymes of heme biosynthesis being deficient simultaneously. Recently, it was reported that the so-called Chester porphyria shows features of both variegate porphyria and acute intermittent porphyria. Linkage analysis revealed a novel chromosomal locus on chromosome 11 for the underlying genetic defect in this disease, suggesting that a gene that does not encode one of the enzymes of heme biosynthesis might be involved in the pathogenesis of the porphyrias. After excluding candidate genes within the linkage interval, we identified a nonsense mutation in the porphobilinogen deaminase gene on chromosome 11q23.3, which harbors the mutations causing acute intermittent porphyria, as the underlying genetic defect in Chester porphyria. However, we could not detect a mutation in the coding or the promotor region of the protoporphyrinogen oxidase gene that is mutated in variegate porphyria. Our results indicate that Chester porphyria is neither a dual porphyria, nor a separate type of porphyria, but rather a variant of acute intermittent porphyria. Further, our findings largely exclude the possibility that a hitherto unknown gene is involved in the pathogenesis of the porphyrias.
Extensional Viscosity Correlation With Mobility Control Buffer Flow Behavior in Berea Cores (1985)

ABSTRACT The shear thickening phenomenon of mobility control buffers in flow through porous media is adressed through the use of high molecular weight synthetic water-soluble polymers (W-SP) blended with carbohydrate W-SPs. This approach is necessary to separate shear and extensional reponses of thickened fluids under deformation. In previous studies in which the elastic contributions are an important part of the fluid response (i.e., where the dimensions of the fluid are approximate with the boundary conditions or the relaxation time of the fluid is approximate with the duration time of deformation) the shear viscosity response has been observed to contribute to the magnitude of the extensional response. The complementary interaction can be separated by employing blends of a flexible synthetic W-SP with carbohydrate polymers. In Berea core evaluation of such blends at practical frontal velocities the resistant factors observed were not proportional to the fluid's extensional viscosity. The permeabilities (160 mD) were only appproximate with the dimensions of the macromolecules and additional studies at lower permeabilities are in progress.
Er81 Transcription Factor Fine-Tunes Striatal Cholinergic Interneuron Activity and Drives Habit Formation (2021)

The molecular mechanisms tuning cholinergic interneuron (CIN) activity, although crucial for striatal function and behavior, remain largely unexplored. Previous studies report that the Etv1/Er81 transcription factor is vital for regulating neuronal maturation and activity. While Er81 is known to be expressed in the striatum during development, its specific role in defining CIN properties and the resulting consequences on striatal function is unknown. We report here that Er81 is expressed in CINs and its specific ablation leads to prominent changes in their molecular, morphologic, and electrophysiological features. In particular, the lack of Er81 amplifies intrinsic delayed-rectifier and hyperpolarization-activated currents, which subsequently alters the tonic and phasic activity of CINs. We further reveal that Er81 expression is required for normal CIN pause and time-locked responses to sensorimotor inputs in awake mice. Overall, this study uncovers a new cell type-specific control of CIN function in the striatum which drives habit formation in adult male mice.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Although previous studies have shown that cholinergic interneurons drive striatal activity and habit formation, the underlying molecular mechanisms controlling their function are unknown. Here we reveal that key cholinergic interneuron physiological properties are controlled by Er81, a transcription factor regulating neuronal activity and development in a cell-specific manner. Moreover, our findings uncover a link between the Er81-dependent molecular control of cholinergic interneuron function and habit formation in mice. These insights will contribute to the future enhancement of our understanding of disorders that involve behavioral inflexibility, such as autism and addiction.
New faster CHARMM molecular dynamics engine (2013)

We introduce a new faster molecular dynamics (MD) engine into the CHARMM software package. The new MD engine is faster both in serial (i.e., single CPU core) and parallel execution. Serial performance is approximately two times higher than in the previous version of CHARMM. The newly programmed parallelization method allows the MD engine to parallelize up to hundreds of CPU cores.
Attitudes of Law Enforcement Officers Regarding Automated External Defibrillators (2002)

Limited knowledge and negative attitudes of law enforcement officers regarding their involvement in treating OHCA and using AEDs are commonly present. These factors could result in barriers that negatively impact law enforcement AED programs.
New Approach to meet vacuum requirements in UHV/XHV systems by Non Evaporable Getter Technology (2012)

UHV/XHV users are increasingly demanding vacuum pumps with high performances with smaller package and weight. This requires a more efficient combination/integration of the currently available pumping technologies and, possibly, the development of new approaches in vacuum pumping systems. Non Evaporable Getter (NEG) pumps represent one of the most appealing option to UHV/XHV pumping, thanks to his large pumping speed and sorption capacity for several active gases (H2, H2O, CO, O2, N2, ...). NEG pumps can also reduce the pump down and bake-out time and can keep a stable pressure level in UHV conditions even if the other pumping systems are switched off. However, NEG pumps are unable to sorb, in UHV/XHV systems, the small amount of noble gases and methane which, on the other hand, can be removed by sputter ion pump (SIP). For this reason, extensive studies have been carried out to combine NEG and SIP technologies. Some results of the vacuum characterization of such combination are discussed in this work and compared with traditional pumping approaches based on large SIP. A further step forward is the NEXTorr®3 pump which is an integration of a NEG pump (pumping speed ranging between 100 to 500 l/s for hydrogen) with a SIP (pumping speed of 6 and 10 l/s for Ar and CH4 respectively) into a single small package unit. Examples of applications of this new approach in vacuum technology will be given to demonstrate the simplification of the design and operation of UHV/XHV systems.
Multiple-objective optimization of a flux switching permanent magnet machine considering power converter constraints (2014)

Among electrical machines with permanent magnets, the class of flux-switching permanent magnet machines has especially good properties with regard to mechanical robustness and cooling. It is a relatively new class of machines with only few industrial applications so far. The design of such machines is thus not well established and known publications on the topic focused on optimizing single objectives or on varying single parameters only. A systematic way to find a trade-off between multiple objectives is proposed while also considering constraints-in particular such constraints introduced by the power converter. To practically demonstrate the usefulness of multiple-objective optimization, a hypothetical redesign is performed with reference to a machine, which was originally designed and commissioned without explicit use of multiple-objective optimization. It is found that the original machine is optimal in a certain sense, but that the strength of multiple-objective optimization does not lie in finding one particular optimal solution but in visualizing trade-offs between multiple objectives/goals. The visualization reveals, for example, that 11% magnet material could have been saved at the cost of 16% higher copper losses at full load.
Short pulse laser damage measurements of pulse compression gratings for petawatt laser (2007)

An optical bench was developed to measure laser induced damage thresholds in 1:1 and S:1 modes on mirror and grating samples. The laser based on Ti. Sapphire technology delivers Gaussian pulse of 500fs with a maximal energy of 3mJ at 1057nm. The experimental setup can deliver on the sample a peak fluence of 9J/cm<sup>2</sup> in right section of the beam with a spot size of 200μm (diameter at 1/e<sup>2</sup>). Laser induced damage thresholds have been measured on several multidielectric samples produced with different processes. We present in this paper the damage testing setup in details and give some of the obtained results.
Localization‐specific LKB1 loss in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma metastasis (2010)

Decreased nuclear LKB1 levels correlate with HNSCC metastasis and suggest a nuclear function of LKB1 in repressing HNSCC metastasis.
Cervical HPV infection among HIV‐infected prostitutes addicted to hard drugs (1993)

An investigation into the prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, abnormal cervical cytology and the relationship between HIV- and HPV infection was done in a group of intravenously (IV) and non-IV drug-using prostitutes. From July 1991 through May 1992, hard drug-addicted prostitutes attending a sexually-transmitted-disease (STD) clinic in Amsterdam were recruited. A questionnaire was administered to obtain demographic characteristics, and medical and STD history. Apart from routine STD examination, cervical scrapes for cytology and samples for HPV DNA detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were collected. Some of the women included in this study also participated in HIV studies among drug users. Their data on HIV- and immunologic status could be combined. A total of 121 women entered the study; 25 women were HIV-seropositive, 44 women were HIV-negative, and the HIV status of 52 women was unknown. All 25 HIV-positive women had normal Pap smears, two of the 44 HIV-negative women had a Pap smear III A, and in the HIV-unknown group, two women with Pap III A and one with Pap III B were found. Eight of the 25 (32%) HIV-positive women were HPV DNA-positive, three of the 44 (7%) HIV-negative women and 10/52 (19%) of the HIV-unknown group. Logistic regression analysis showed that in the total group, presence or cervical HPV DNA was associated with HIV infection (order ratio [OR] for HIV-positives 7.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.8 to 34.6) and with diagnosis of condylomata acuminata at entry to the study (OR 7.5, 95% CI 1.5 to 36.5).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)