gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Planar Carboxylate-Rich Tetrairon(II) Complex and Its Conversion to Linear Triiron(II) and Paddlewheel Diiron(II) Complexes (2007)

We report a series of oligonuclear carboxylate-rich high-spin ironII complexes with three different [FeIIn(mu-O2Cbiph)2n(L)m] (n = 2-4; m = 2 or 4) structural motifs, where -O2Cbiph is 2-biphenylcarboxylate and L is an exogenous ligand bound to terminal iron atoms. Solid compounds were isolated and their structural, spectroscopic, and magnetic properties thoroughly investigated. The discrete tetranuclear complexes [Fe4(mu-O2Cbiph)8(L)2] crystallize in a planar tetraironII motif in which two diiron paddlewheel units are linked in an unprecedented manner involving a mu3-1,1,3-bridging mode. X-ray crystallography reveals average Fe-Oanti bond lengths of 2.081[2] A at the dimer-dimer interface. Terminal axial positions are capped by ligands L, where L is tetrahydrofuran (THF) (1), indazole (2), pyrazole (3), 3,5-dimethylpyrazole (4), or acetamide (5). Reaction of 1 with an excess of acetonitrile affords the linear compound [Fe3(mu-O2Cbiph)6(MeCN)4] (6). The acetonitrile ligands in 6 can be replaced by THF or dimethoxyethane at elevated temperatures with retention of the structure to afford 7 and 8, respectively. Reaction of 1 or 6 with pyridine or 1-methylimidazole results in the isolation of paddlewheel dimers 9 and 10, respectively, with [Fe2(mu-O2Cbiph)4(L)2] composition. Mössbauer spectroscopy confirms the presence of high-spin ferrous ions and indicates that the two iron sites of the dimer are geometrically indistinguishable. For the tri- and tetrairon compounds, two quadrupole doublets are observed, suggesting that the iron centers do not have identical geometries. Plots of magnetic susceptibility versus temperature reveal intramolecular antiferromagnetic exchange coupling for all complexes under study. The magnetic data were fit to a theoretical model incorporating exchange coupling, single-ion zero-field splitting, and g-tensor anisotropy. The resulting magnetic parameters reveal in most cases weak antiferromagnetic exchange coupling (J typically <3 cm(-1)) and dominant zero-field-splitting parameters.
Design requirements for functional safety (2002)

DOI: 10.1049/ic:20020276 Location: London, UK Conference date: 30 Oct. 2002 Format: PDF (12 pages)
Making and Breaking of P–P Bonds with Low‐Valent Transition‐Metal Complexes (2011)

Abstract The 1:1 or 1:2 stoichiometric reaction of [Na 2 (thf) 4 (P 4 Mes 4 )] ( 1 ; Mes = 2,4,6‐Me 3 C 6 H 2 ) with [{RhCl(cod)} 2 ] (cod = 1,5‐cyclooctadiene) gave a mixture of compounds of which [Na(thf) 3 ][Rh(P 3 Mes 3 )(cod)] ( 2 ) with a trimesityltriphosphane‐1,3‐diide ligand was structurally characterized. Density functional calculations on 2 confirmed the structural parameters obtained by X‐ray diffraction studies. Shared electron number and natural bond orbital analyses indicated only weak interactions between Na and P, which were found to be even weaker than the Na–Rh interactions with covalent contribution. When an excess of 1 was used (3:1 or 4:1), 2 was also obtained as the major product together with small amounts of the side‐products cyclo ‐P 6 Mes 6 ( 3 ) and [Na 3 (Et 2 O)(P 4 Mes 4 )(PHMes)] ∞ ( 4 ). Compounds 3 and 4 were only characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. Their formation indicates that the reaction includes the breaking and making of P–P bonds to give (P 3 Mes 3 ) 2– , PHMes – , and cyclo ‐P 6 Mes 6 , although the mechanism is unclear. Furthermore, the reaction of 1 with 2 equiv. of [AgCl(PPh 3 ) 2 ] gave the tetranuclear compound [Ag 4 (P 6 Mes 6 ) 2 ] ( 5 ) in which the novel (P 6 Mes 6 ) 2– ion also indicates degradation of the P 4 chain followed by P–P bond formation.
IrMn microstructural effects on exchange bias variability in patterned arrays of IrMn/Co square dots (2014)

International audience
The 2-Channel Kondo Model (1998)

Certain zero-bias anomalies (ZBAs) in the voltage, temperature and magnetic field dependence of the conductanceG(V, T, H) of quenched Cu point contacts have previously been interpreted to be due to non-magnetic 2-channel Kondo (2CK) scattering from near-degenerate atomic two-level tunneling systems (Ralph and Buhrman, 1992; Ralphet al., 1994) and hence to represent an experimental realization of the non-Fermi-liquid physics of theT=0 fixed point of the 2-channel Kondo model. In this, the first in a series of three papers (I, II, III) devoted to 2-channel Kondo physics, we present a comprehensive review of the quenched Cu ZBA experiments and their 2CK interpretation, including new results on ZBAs in constrictions made from Ti or from metallic glasses. We first review the evidence that the ZBAs are due to electron scattering from stuctural defects that are not static, but possess internal dynamics. In order to distinguish between several mechanisms proposed to explain the experiments, we then analyze the scaling properties of the conductance at low temperature and voltage and extract from the data a universal scaling functionΓ(v). The theoretical calculation of the corresponding scaling function within the 2CK model is the subject of papers II and III. The main conclusion of our work is that the properties of the ZBAs, and most notably their scaling behavior, are in good agreement with the 2CK model and clearly different from several other proposed mechanisms.
The Radical Cure of Maxillary Sinusitis (1898)

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Generalized analysis of centre-fed linear aerials with displaced feed points† (1972)

Abstract A general mathematical theory is formulated to investigate the effect of displacement of the feed points on three types of linear dipole aerials, an unloaded dipole aerial, a loaded dipole aerial, and a terminated dipole aerial. The radiation properties of the three different types are investigated and a comparison is made between the merits of each type.
Revealing the microscale spatial signature of dengue transmission and immunity in an urban population (2012)

It is well-known that the distribution of immunity in a population dictates the future incidence of infectious disease, but this process is generally understood at individual or macroscales. For example, herd immunity to multiple pathogens has been observed at national and city levels. However, the effects of population immunity have not previously been shown at scales smaller than the city (e.g., neighborhoods). In particular, no study has shown long-term effects of population immunity at scales consistent with the spatial scale of person-to-person transmission. Here, we use the location of dengue patients' homes in Bangkok with the serotype of the infecting pathogen to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of disease risk at small spatial scales over a 5-y period. We find evidence for localized transmission at distances of under 1 km. We also observe patterns of spatiotemporal dependence consistent with the expected impacts of homotypic immunity, heterotypic immunity, and immune enhancement of disease at these distances. Our observations indicate that immunological memory of dengue serotypes occurs at the neighborhood level in this large urban setting. These methods have broad applications to studying the spatiotemporal structure of disease risk where pathogen serotype or genetic information is known.
Effects of Luteinizing Hormone Withdrawal on Leydig Cell Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum and Steroidogenic Reactions which Convert Pregnenolone to Testosterone* (1984)

Depletion of endogenous LH with sc implants of testosterone-17 beta-estradiol (T-E) caused a reduction in the Leydig cell smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) over a 10-day treatment period. Decreases also occurred in some, but not all, of the testicular steroidogenic reactions responsible for the conversion of pregnenolone (PREG) to testosterone. The conversions of progesterone (PROG) to 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone to androstenedione, and androstenedione to testosterone were significantly correlated (P less than 0.05) with the loss of Leydig cell SER. In contrast, the testicular conversion of PREG to PROG in rats deprived of endogenous LH for up to 10 days was identical to that in intact controls. Similar results were obtained when rats were hypophysectomized for 10 days. These results indicate that the Leydig cell enzyme activities responsible for converting PREG to PROG are distributed in the Leydig cell SER fraction which remains in Leydig cell cytoplasm 10 days after LH withdrawal, and thus, the bulk of these enzyme activities are sequested in a SER compartment that is resistant to LH withdrawal.
Serum magnesium and calcium levels in infertile women during a cycle of reproductive assistance (2017)

Magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) are essential cations for women's preconception health. It is well known that, in blood, the concentration of ionized form of these two cations is temporally altered during menstrual cycle, suggesting a correlation between sex steroid hormones and serum calcium and magnesium levels. Evidence from literature suggests that in assisted reproductive technology increasing estrogens during ovarian hyperstimulation may also modulate serum magnesium and calcium levels. Therefore, we first examined total serum magnesium and calcium levels during follicular phase in a large population of infertile patients who underwent intrauterine insemination (IUI). The results were compared to a group of fertile women. Successively, we studied the total serum magnesium and calcium concentrations in infertile patients before and after ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilization (IVF). Results highlight that total serum concentration of magnesium and calcium does not seem altered in infertile women. During stimulation with gonadotropins, the values of the two cations do not change significantly in ovarian-stimulated women. However, we found a downward trend in the total magnesium and calcium levels in relation to the rising estrogens.
Discovery of the First Potent and Orally Available Agonist of the Orphan G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 52 (2014)

G-protein-coupled receptor 52 (GPR52) is an orphan Gs-coupled G-protein-coupled receptor. GPR52 inhibits dopamine D2 receptor signaling and activates dopamine D1/N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors via intracellular cAMP accumulation, and therefore, GPR52 agonists may have potential as a novel class of antipsychotics. A series of GPR52 agonists with a bicyclic core was designed to fix the conformation of the phenethyl ether moiety of compounds 2a and 2b. 3-[2-(3-Chloro-5-fluorobenzyl)-1-benzothiophen-7-yl]-N-(2-methoxyethyl)benzamide 7m showed potent activity (pEC50 = 7.53 ± 0.08) and good pharmacokinetic properties. Compound 7m significantly suppressed methamphetamine-induced hyperactivity in mice after oral administration of 3 mg/kg without disturbance of motor function.
Le double mécanisme pathogénique de l'hémoglobinurie paroxystique nocturne (1997)

L'hemoglobinurie paroxystique nocturne (HPN) est une maladie du sang acquise, dont les caracteres tres specifiques ont pose question aux hematologistes pendant plus d'un siecle. Les cellules HPN sont depourvues d'un ensemble de proteines de membrane, dont le caractere commun est un ancrage glycolipidique. Cette combinatoire de deficits sera designee comme anomalie HPN ou phenotype HPN. Des etudes biochimiques ont recemment permis de localiser le blocage metabolique des cellules HPN a une etape precoce de la biosynthese de l'ancre glycolipidique. Ce blocage est du au depart a l'absence d'une proteine, appelee PIG-A, codee par un gene lie a l'X. Apres que le gene PIG-A ait ete localise par clonage d'expression, on a identifie, chez des sujets presentant une hemoglobinurie paroxystique nocturne, des mutations somatiques de ce gene inactivant ou entravant la fonction de la proteine PIG-A. Ces donnees expliquent totalement la base moleculaire de l'anomalie HPN, mais n'expliquent pas le fait que le clone HPN, qui est biochimiquement defectueux, se developpe jusqu'a contribuer de facon substantielle a l'hematopoiese des malades. Un autre facteur est donc necessaire pour rendre compte du mecanisme de pathogenese. Cet autre facteur pourrait etre la coexistence d'un element d'aplasie medullaire qui, de facon paradoxale, se traduit par un avantage selectif de survie pour le clone HPN. A l'appui de cette notion que le defaut responsable d'une aplasie des cellules normales epargnerait selectivement les cellules presentant un phenotype HPN, on peut apporter differentes observations ; et en particulier l'observation, chez des malades presentant une hemoglobinurie paroxystique nocturne, de clones multiples et independants l'un de l'autre.
Reaction of α,ι-Dienes with Diisobutylaluminum Hydride (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of α,ι-Dienes with Diisobutylaluminum HydrideGo Hata and Akihisa MiyakeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 11, 3237–3238Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01046a522https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01046a522research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views90Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
CO<sub>2</sub> rebreathing: an undergraduate laboratory to study the chemical control of breathing (2013)

The Read CO2 rebreathing method (Read DJ. A clinical method for assessing the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide. Australas Ann Med 16: 20-32, 1967) provides a simple and reproducible approach for studying the chemical control of breathing. It has been widely used since the modifications made by Duffin and coworkers. Our use of a rebreathing laboratory to challenge undergraduate science students to investigate the control of breathing provided 8 yr of student-generated data for comparison with the literature. Students (age: 19-22 yr, Research Ethics Board approval) rebreathed from a bag containing 5% CO2 and 95% O2 (to suppress the peripheral chemoreflex to hypoxia). Rebreathing was performed, and ventilation measured, after hyperventilation to deplete tissue CO2 stores and enable the detection of the central chemoreflex threshold. We analyzed 43 data sets, of which 10 were rejected for technical reasons. The mean threshold and ventilatory sensitivity to CO2 were 43.3 ± 3.8 mmHg and 4.60 ± 3.04 l·min(-1)·mmHg(-1) (means ± SD), respectively. Threshold values were normally distributed, whereas sensitivity was skewed to the left. Both mean values agreed well with those in the literature. We conclude that the modified rebreathing protocol is a robust method for undergraduate investigation of the chemical control of breathing.
ENDOCYTOSIS OF apoE-EGFP BY PRIMARY HUMAN BRAIN CULTURES (2002)

Apolipoprotein E (apoE), a well characterized protein, forms lipoprotein complexes with cholesterol. Such complexes formed are endocytosed via the LDL receptor family by many cell types in particular within the human central nervous system (CNS). The apoE-endocytic pathway leads to apoE degradation. However, it has recently been indirectly shown that apoE can be retained intracellularly and then re-secreted. To investigate the fate of endocytosed apoE isoforms E2 and E3 within human CNS cells in real-time, we added the CNS form of these apoE isoforms, linked to a green fluorescent protein (EGFP), to cultured human foetal brain tissue. There was bi-directional trafficking of apoE-EGFP in neuron and astrocyte processes and 'stationary' perinuclear vesicles in type-I astrocytes. Thus, active apoE recycling in cells with defined processes suggests a role for apoE in mediating signalling through receptor-mediated endocytosis.
Relative Sensitivity of Grain Yield and Biomass Accumulation to Drought in Field‐Grown Maize (1990)

Grain yields in maize ( Zea mays L.) are decreased substantially by water deficits. Since the impact of drought stress on grain yield varies among growth stages, such responses are sometimes interpreted as indicators of varying drought sensitivities with crop growth stage. However, varying leaf area and biomass accumulation rate confound this interpretation because the use of water changes during the season. This research examined whether a proportional decrease in accumulated crop biomass of field‐grown maize was sufficient to account for the decrease in grain yield resulting from drought. A total of 11 field experiments were conducted at Gainesville, FL on an Arredondo fine sand (loamy, siliceous hyperthermic Grossarenic Paleudult) or a Kendrick fine sand (loamy, siliceous, hyperthermic Arenic Paleudult and Katherine, Australia on a Fenton clay loam (Oxic or Rhodic Paleustalf) in which irrigation was withheld for various periods to result in a range of severities in crop water deficits. At crop maturity, both grain yield and total accumulated biomass were measured and the relationship between these two parameters was examined. In all cases, high, linear correlations between grain yield and accumulated biomass were obtained. At moderate stresses, harvest index of the crop was stable. Under severe stress, where accumulated biomass was less than about 1100 g m ‐2 , grain yield was decreased to a greater extent than was accumulated biomass. Nevertheless, under a wide range of conditions, grain yield of field‐grown maize crops was closely linked to the accumulation of biomass.
Influence of Crystal Strain on Superconductivity of a-Axis Oriented YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>x</sub> Films (1994)

Ion channeling measurements were executed to evaluate the crystal strain in a -axis oriented YBa 2 Cu 3 O x (YBCO) films with different film thicknesses. The average Ba-Ba distance in the film plane as determined from the channeling angle of the Ba atomic row in the <110> (and <301>) direction was found to be close to the lattice constant of the SrTiO 3 substrate regardless of the film thickness. A similar result was also obtained for oxygen atoms. These results indicate that the films grow while matching their lattice constant to that of the substrate. The simultaneous strain relief induced by the increase in film thickness was suggested from the channeling yield in the obtained dip curve. Furthermore, the relaxed grain was confirmed near the surface of the 3500 Å film from the Ba <301> axial channeling. The influence of the crystal strain on the superconductivity of the a -axis oriented YBCO films is explained on the basis of variation in the site of apical oxygen.
1,3-Diisopropylcarbodiimide (2003)

[693-13-0] C7H14N2 (MW 126.20)





InChI = 1S/C7H14N2/c1-6(2)8-5-9-7(3)4/h6-7H,1-4H3



InChIKey = BDNKZNFMNDZQMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N



(coupling agent used for the preparation of amides, peptides, ureas, heterocycles, and unsymmetrical carbodiimides; used with DMSO to perform a modified Moffatt-type oxidation; activator in some polymerization reactions)



Alternate Name: DIC, DIPC, DIPCD, DIPCDI, N,N′-methanetetraylbis-2-propanamine, N,N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide, diisopropylcarbodiimide, 2-propanamine, N,N′-methanetetraylbis-(9ci).



Physical Data: bp 145–148 °C; fp 33.88 °C; density 0.806.



Form Supplied in: colorless liquid; widely available.



Purification: can be purified by distillation.



Handling, Storage, and Precautions: severe eye2 and skin irritant; may cause allergic respiratory and skin reactions in certain individuals; handle in a well-ventilated chemical fume hood with goggles, gloves, and a lab coat; store in a cool dry place.
Antigenic Structure and Relationship Between Serotypes 1 and 2 of Haemophilus paragallinarum (1979)

Antigenic structure and relationship between serotypes 1 and 2 of Haemophilus paragallinarum were analyzed by the rapid plate agglutination and cross-absorption tests. Encapsulated strain forming iridescent colony type of both serotypes 1 and 2 had at least three antigens: heat-labile and trypsin-sensitive (L), heat-labile and trypsin-resistant (HL), and heat-stable and trypsin-resistant (HS). The L was a major antigen located in a surface and divided serologically into three parts: L1, L2, and L3. The L1 was specifici to serotype 1, the L2 was specific to serotype 2, and the L3 was a common antigen shared by serotypes 1 and 2. The HL and HS were common antigens between serotypes. By trypsinization or heating at 121 C, L antigen lost its agglutinability and agglutinin-producing ability. Nonencapsulated organisms forming noniridescent colony type lacked the L antigen. These results suggested that antigenic structure of H paragallinarum serotypes 1 was L1, L3, HL and HS, while serotype 2 was L2, L3, HL, and HS.
Incremental compilation for parallel logic verification systems (2002)

Although simulation remains an important part of application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) validation, hardware-assisted parallel verification is becoming a larger part of the overall ASIC verification flow. In this paper, we describe and analyze a set of incremental compilation steps that can be directly applied to a range of parallel logic verification hardware, including logic emulators. Important aspects of this work include the formulation and analysis of two incremental design mapping steps: the partitioning of newly added design logic onto multiple logic processors and the communication scheduling of newly added design signals between logic processors. To validate our incremental compilation techniques, the developed mapping heuristics have been integrated into the compilation flow for a field-programmable gate-array-based Ikos VirtuaLogic emulator . The modified compiler has been applied to five large benchmark circuits that have been synthesized from register-transfer level and mapped to the emulator. It is shown that our incremental approach reduces verification compile time for modified designs by up to a factor of five versus complete design recompilation for benchmarks of over 100 000 gates. In most cases, verification run-time following incremental compilation of a modified design matches the performance achieved with complete design recompilation.
Parabansäure‐Derivate Ein Beitrag zur Chemie der nucleophilen Carbene (1971)

Abstract Die aus den Azoliumsalzen 3, 8 und 10 mit Triäthylamin in situ erzeugten „nucleophilen Carbenoide”︁ reagieren mit 2 Moll. Iso‐ und Isothio‐cyanat über dipolare Zwischenprodukte (z. B. 12, 15 ) zu den Parabansäure‐Derivaten 2, 4 und 9 . Dabei ist das Auftreten eines freien Carbens wenig wahrscheinlich. Ein Mechanismus über ein elektronenreiches Olefin konnte ausgeschlossen werden.
CCDC 734730: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2010)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.