gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SPONTANEOUS OSCILLATIONS IN CYTOPLASMIC FREE CALCIUM CONCENTRATION IN VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE: A POTENTIAL MECHANISM ASSOCIATED WITH MYOGENIC TONE (1988)

1. The cytoplasmic free calcium concentration was monitored in primary rat aortic smooth muscle cells, grown in culture and serum-deprived for 24-48 h, with the calcium sensitive fluoroprobe, Fura-2. 2. In the absence of external stimuli, spontaneous increases in the cytoplasmic free calcium concentration were observed which averaged 60 +/- 11 nmol/l and lasted approximately 30 s. 3. The calcium transients were in part dependent on intracellular calcium and were abolished when the temperature was lowered to 10 degrees C. 4. It is concluded that vascular smooth muscle cells have an inherent ability to initiate spontaneous transient increases in cytoplasmic free calcium concentration via membrane calcium channels.
Structured photocathodes for improved high-energy x-ray efficiency in streak cameras (2016)

We have designed and fabricated a structured streak camera photocathode to provide enhanced efficiency for high energy X-rays (1-12 keV). This gold coated photocathode was tested in a streak camera and compared side by side against a conventional flat thin film photocathode. Results show that the measured electron yield enhancement at energies ranging from 1 to 10 keV scales well with predictions, and that the total enhancement can be more than 3×. The spatial resolution of the streak camera does not show degradation in the structured region. We predict that the temporal resolution of the detector will also not be affected as it is currently dominated by the slit width. This demonstration with Au motivates exploration of comparable enhancements with CsI and may revolutionize X-ray streak camera photocathode design.
Experimental Verification of the Formation Mechanism for Pillar Arrays in Nanofilms Subject to Large Thermal Gradients (2011)

The free surface of molten nanofilms is known to undergo spontaneous formation of periodic protrusions when exposed to a large transverse thermal gradient. Early time measurements of the array pitch and growth rate in polymer melts confirm a formation process based on a long wavelength thermocapillary instability and not electrostatic attraction or acoustic phonon driven growth as previously believed. We find excellent agreement with theoretical predictions provided the nanofilm out-of-plane thermal conductivity is several times larger than bulk, an enhancement suggestive of polymer chain alignment.
InterPro—an integrated documentation resource for protein families, domains and functional sites (2000)

Merged annotations from PRINTS, PROSITE and Pfam form the InterPro core. Each combined InterPro entry includes functional descriptions and literature references, and links are made back to the relevant parent database(s), allowing users to see at a glance whether a particular family or domain has associated patterns, profiles, fingerprints, etc. Merged and individual entries (i.e. those that have no counterpart in the companion resources) are assigned unique accession numbers. Release 1.2 of InterPro (June 2000) contains over 3000 entries, representing families, domains, repeats and sites of post-translational modification (PTMs) encoded by 6581 different regular expressions, profiles, fingerprints and Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). Each InterPro entry lists all the matches against SWISS-PROT and TrEMBL (more than 1000000 hits from 264333 different proteins out of 384572 in SWISS-PROT and TrEMBL).
Resting‐State Glucose Metabolism Level Is Associated with the Regional Pattern of Amyloid Pathology in Alzheimer′s Disease (2011)

It has been suggested that glucose metabolism within the brain's default network is directly associated with-and may even cause-the amyloid pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we performed 2-[(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) and [(11)C]-labeled Pittsburgh Compound B (PIB) positron emission tomography (PET) on cognitively normal elderly subjects and on AD patients and conducted quantitative regional analysis of FDG- and PIB-PET images using an automated region of interest technique. We confirmed that resting glucose metabolism within the posterior components of the brain's default network is high in normal elderly subjects and low in AD patients, which is partially in agreement with the regional pattern of PIB uptake within the default network of AD patients. However, in several regions outside the default network, glucose metabolism was high in normal elderly subjects but was not depressed in AD patients, who exhibited significantly increased PIB uptakes in these regions. In contrast, the level of resting glucose metabolism in the default network and in regions outside the default network in normal elderly subjects was significantly correlated with the level of regional PIB uptake in AD patients. These results are discussed with experimental evidence suggesting that beta amyloid production and amyloid precursor protein regulation are dependent on neuronal activity.
Reactive intermediates. Part XVI. Dihydrobenz[cd]indazoles and attempted routes to benz[cd]indazole (1972)

Attempted synthesis of 1,2-dihydrobenz[cd]indazole from dimethyl 1,2-dihydrobenz[cd]indazole-1,2-dicarboxylate yielded only the more stable 1,3- and 1,5-dihydro-forms, (7) and (8), with the indazole rather than the naphthalene nucleus aromatic. These indazoles can be reconverted into NN-disubstituted dihydrobenzindazole derivatives but cannot be oxidised to benz[cd]indazole. Several other unsuccessful attempts to obtain the elusive benz[cd]indazole system are described.
TMAP : a reconfigurability-aware technology mapper (2009)

We present an FPGA tool chain with a new technology mapper TMAP.The tool flow postpones parameter bounding until after place and route, enabling fast run-time specialization of FPGA configurations.
Structure-Activity Studies of Interleukin-2 (1986)

The critical role of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in immune response heightens the need to know its structure in order to understand its activity. New computer-assisted predictive methods for the assignment of secondary structure together with a method to predict the tertiary structure of a protein from data on its primary sequence and secondary structure were applied to IL-2. This method generated four topological families of structures, of which the most plausible is a right-handed fourfold alpha-helical bundle. Members of this family were shown to be compatible with existing structural data on disulfide bridges and monoclonal antibody binding for IL-2. Experimental estimates of secondary structure from circular dichroism and site-directed mutagenesis data support the model. A region likely to be important in IL-2 binding to its receptor was identified as residues Leu36, Met38, Leu40, Phe42, Phe44, and Met46.
Crystal and molecular structure and substitution reactivity of (.mu.-hydrido)(.mu.-pyridyl)dirhenium octacarbonyl, (.mu.-H)Re2(CO)8(.mu.-NC5H4). Crystal and molecular structure of (.mu.-hydrido)(.mu.-pyridyl)(trimethylamine N-oxide)dirhenium heptacarbonyl, (.mu.-H)Re2(CO)7(.mu.-NC5H4)(ME3NO) (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystal and molecular structure and substitution reactivity of (.mu.-hydrido)(.mu.-pyridyl)dirhenium octacarbonyl, (.mu.-H)Re2(CO)8(.mu.-NC5H4). Crystal and molecular structure of (.mu.-hydrido)(.mu.-pyridyl)(trimethylamine N-oxide)dirhenium heptacarbonyl, (.mu.-H)Re2(CO)7(.mu.-NC5H4)(ME3NO)Philip O. Nubel, Scott Wilson R., and Theodore L. BrownCite this: Organometallics 1983, 2, 4, 515–525Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00076a007https://doi.org/10.1021/om00076a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views108Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and Chemistry of 16-Methylene and Δ<sup>15</sup>-16-Methyl Cortical Steroids (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Chemistry of 16-Methylene and Δ15-16-Methyl Cortical SteroidsD. Taub, R. D. Hoffsommer, and N. L. WendlerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 12, 3486–3495Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01035a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01035a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views245Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A comment on experimental occlusal interference induces long-term masticatory muscle hyperalgesia in rats by Cao et al. (2010)

Bereiter, David A.*,1; Okamoto, Keiichiro2; Tashiro, Akimasa3; Nixdorf, Donald R.4 Author Information
Atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy investigations of molybdenum ditellurides (1998)

The van der Waals surfaces of the layered material α-MoTe2 and the high temperature phase β-MoTe2 were investigated by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy/scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STM/STS). On both samples atomically resolved images of the surface structures were obtained. The combined STS/STM measurements of β-MoTe2 provide unambiguous evidence that the contribution from the subsurface layer dominates the tunneling current. Furthermore, from the combined AFM and STM data we arrive at a model for a new structure modification of this surface. This modification represents an interesting kinetically controlled intermediate state of the transition from β- to α-MoTe2.
Revolutionary Women and Women in the Revolution: The Chinese Communist Party and Women in the War of Resistance to Japan, 1937–1945 (2000)

On a late winter's day in 1989 a grey-haired, round woman of about 80 in a padded jacket and a black beanie moved across 1st May Square in the centre of Taiyuan, the capital of Shanxi province. She was presenting awards to the PLA's most recent young “model soldiers” – recruits who had just finished top of their class in basic training. This was Balu mama – the “Mother of the Eighth Route Army,” Bao Lianzi. Now the retired head of a clinic, 50 years earlier she had been part of a women's support group for soldiers during the War of Resistance to Japan, in her native Wuxiang. At that time, Wuxiang, together with Liaoxian and Licheng counties in South-east Shanxi, and Shexian in Northern Henan, was the core of the Taihang Base Area, itself the centre of the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Border Region and one of the major base areas behind Japanese lines. It supported the field headquarters of the Eighth Route Army under Peng Dehuai; the offices of the North China Bureau under Yang Shangkun; and Deng Xiaoping, eyes and ears for Mao Zedong on the front line.
EMCCDs: 10 MHz and beyond (2014)

EMCCDs are capable of MHz pixel rate whilst maintaining sub-electron readout noise. Tens of frames per second are common place for large and medium EMCCD formats (1k×1k, 512×512), while smaller formats can reach hundreds and even thousand of frames per second. For applications where speed is a key factor, overclocked EMCCD were used at or beyond the manufacturer’s specifications. Very few data were published on the impacts of high speed clocking of EMCCDs, either vertically or horizontally. This paper presents characterization results of EMCCDs clocked at high speed.
The Development of Adeno-Associated Virus as a Vector for In Vivo Gene Therapy (2022)

Significant developments in recombinant DNA technology and the increase in our understanding of the molecular basis of infectious agents such as viruses, have given rise to new opportunities for the development of novel delivery system for the correction of genetic diseases. The development of viral vector using the human parvovirus, adeno-associated virus (AAV), has provided a novel delivery system for genes transfer into mammalian cells. In fact, in vivo experiments have shown that recombinant AAV vectors are able to transduce cell populations that are thought to be largely quiescent at remarkably high efficiencies. In addition to demonstrating the potential for gene therapy approaches into neuronal cells using AAV, this finding represents the most conclusive demonstration that recombinant AAV vectors can transduce non-dividing cells. It should be noted that AAV transduction measured by gene expression, as described by the majority of the experiments, does not reflect viral integration, since gene expression can take place from episomal or integrated templates.
Dielectric characteristics of static shield for coil-end of gas-insulated transformer (1992)

The impulse breakdown characteristics of insulation models simulating static shields for coil ends of SF/sub 6/ gas-insulated transformers are studied. The static shield is composed of a double-covered electrode and a filler between the coverings. If a filler made of elastomer material is fitted closely on the covered electrode to eliminate gas gaps between the filler and the covered electrode, the impulse breakdown voltage of the static shield is higher than with gas gaps. If a low-permittivity filler is used, the impulse breakdown voltage of the static shield is still higher. The breakdown voltage can be explained by considering that the breakdown is caused by small gas gaps between the filler and the covered electrode. The dielectric strength of the coil end can be increased by applying a static shield with an elastomer filler.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
First single-fibre bi-directional XFP transceiver for optical metro/access networks (2005)

We have developed the first single-fibre bi-directional XFP transceiver for optical metro/access networks. By using a differential signal line to the transmitter optical subassembly (TOSA), we realize a 10 Gbit/s bi-directional module with low electrical crosstalk. We confirm crosstalk suppression by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. The developed XFP module yields signals with good eye opening. We obtain the quite low sensitivity penalty of 0.3 dB with simultaneous operation of the transmitter and receiver. (2 pages)
Recognition of facial expressions using 2D DCT and neural network (1999)

The recognition of human facial expressions has been expected to have applications in various fields, such as psychology, engineering, and so forth, and many techniques have been proposed to date. However, most of the techniques are based on the motions of local feature-bearing blocks, such as the eyes and mouth, which are supposed to be closely associated with facial expressions. It is thus required to segment these blocks from the face image and to track their motions in real-time applications, resulting in high complexity. Furthermore, not all information on the motions of the facial expressions has been utilized. In this paper, a new recognition technique is proposed, which uses the 2D DCT of the entire facial image and a neural network. The segmentation of local feature-bearing blocks is not needed. The differences of the DCT coefficients in the lower frequency area between neutral and expression-bearing images are given to a neural network to realize a mapping into the facial expression space. The new technique has been applied to a database of normalized facial images of 60 persons, with images of 40 persons used for network training and the remaining images for testing. The recognition rate is 100% for the training images. A maximum recognition rate of 95% is achieved for the testing images. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 82(7): 1–11, 1999
Differential Susceptibility of Bacteria to Mouse Paneth Cell a-Defensins under Anaerobic Conditions (2014)

Small intestinal Paneth cells secrete α-defensin peptides, termed cryptdins (Crps) in mice, into the intestinal lumen, where they confer immunity to oral infections and define the composition of the ileal microbiota. In these studies, facultative bacteria maintained under aerobic or anaerobic conditions displayed differential sensitivities to mouse α-defensins under in vitro assay conditions. Regardless of oxygenation, Crps 2 and 3 had robust and similar bactericidal activities against <i>S.</i> Typhimurium and <i>S. flexneri</i>, but Crp4 activity against <i>S. flexneri</i> was attenuated in the absence of oxygen. Anaerobic bacteria varied in their susceptibility to Crps 2-4, with Crp4 showing less activity than Crps 2 and 3 against <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, and <i>Bacteroides fragilis</i> in anaerobic assays, but <i>Fusobacterium necrophorum</i> was killed only by Crp4 and not by Crps 2 and 3. The influence of anaerobiosis in modulating Crp bactericidal activities in vitro suggests that α-defensin effects on the enteric microbiota may be subject to regulation by local oxygen tension.
Identification of an Autocrine Signaling Pathway That Amplifies Induction of Endocardial Cushion Tissue in the Avian Heart (1998)

Endocardial cushion tissue is formed by an epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of endocardial cells, a process which results from an inductive interaction between the myocardium and endocardium within the atrioventricular (AV) and outflow tract (OT) regions of the heart. We report here that a protein previously found to be required for myocardially induced transformation of endocardial cells in vitro, ES/130, is highly expressed within the AV and OT regions not only by myocardial cells, but also by the endocardium and its mesenchymal progeny. Given these findings and others, we have tested the hypothesis that endocardial cushion tissue secretes factors which autoregulate its transformation to mesenchyme. Endocardial cushion tissue was cultured and its conditioned growth medium was harvested and applied to nontransformed endocardial cells maintained in the absence of the inductive myocardium. This treatment resulted in endocardial cell invasion into three-dimensional collagen gels plus increased expression of proteins associated with endocardial cell transformation in vivo. Whereas endocardial cushion tissue was found to express ES/130 protein in vivo and in vitro, minimal detection of ES/130 in its conditioned growth medium was observed in immunoblots. Attempts to inhibit the mesenchyme-promoting activity of the conditioned medium with ES/130 antisense were unsuccessful. However, strong intracellular ES/130 expression was detected in endocardial cells, and this expression correlated with the ability of endocardial cells to transform. For example, the minority of endocardial cultures that failed to transform in response to conditioned medium treatment also failed to undergo increased expression of ES/130. These observations are interpreted to suggest that (i) endocardial cushion tissue secretes factors that promote its transformation to mesenchyme, and (ii) while endocardial cushion tissue appears to signal through secretion of factors other than or in addition to ES/130, intracellular ES/130 expression nevertheless may be a target endocardial cell response required for endocardial cell transformation.
REGULATION OF RNA SYNTHESIS IN ISOLATED NUCLEOLI BY HISTONES AND NUCLEOLAR PROTEINS (1965)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Study of the reaction<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>↑</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>p→p<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>π</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>n with polarized beam from 1.18 to 1.98 GeV/<i>c</i> (1987)

We present density-matrix elements and single-spin correlations for the reaction ${p}_{\ensuremath{\uparrow}}$p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$n at 1.18, 1.47, 1.71, and 1.98 GeV/c, using both longitudinal and transverse beam polarizations. For the ${p}_{\ensuremath{\uparrow}}$p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\ensuremath{\Delta}}^{++}$n subprocess we find quite different energy dependence for the helicity-(1/2) and helicity-(3/2) ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}^{++}$-production asymmetries. The helicity-(1/2) asymmetry has ${p}_{\mathrm{lab}}$ dependence similar to the polarization in ${p}_{\ensuremath{\uparrow}}$p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$d, while the helicity-(3/2) asymmetry changes sign between 1.18 and 1.47 GeV/c. By fitting the production angle dependence of the spin correlations, we obtain joint moments which are easily related to the partial-wave structure. We have carried out a partial-wave analysis with the moments data. We find that the production wave intensities are qualitatively consistent with the elastic phase-shift analyses, and the phases vary smoothly with ${p}_{\mathrm{lab}}$. From the absence of Breit-Wigner phase behavior, we conclude that the dinucleon resonances seen in the pp elastic waves are not true coupled-channel Briet-Wigner states in NN and N\ensuremath{\Delta}.