gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Neopentyl Ester Protecting Groups for Arylsulfonic Acids. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Thiol–Disulfide Exchange Reactions in the Mammalian Extracellular Environment (2016)

Disulfide bonds represent versatile posttranslational modifications whose roles encompass the structure, catalysis, and regulation of protein function. Due to the oxidizing nature of the extracellular environment, disulfide bonds found in secreted proteins were once believed to be inert. This notion has been challenged by the discovery of redox-sensitive disulfides that, once cleaved, can lead to changes in protein activity. These functional disulfides are twisted into unique configurations, leading to high strain and potential energy. In some cases, cleavage of these disulfides can lead to a gain of function in protein activity. Thus, these motifs can be referred to as switches. We describe the couples that control redox in the extracellular environment, examine several examples of proteins with switchable disulfides, and discuss the potential applications of disulfides in molecular biology.
Semiebonites (1949)

Abstract To summarize the principal results of the present investigation, it was found that whereas natural rubber is a poor raw material for the manufacture of semiebonite, butadiene-styrene and butadiene-acrylonitrile rubbers are suitable raw materials, especially in combination with unsaturated hydrocarbon extenders of the Naftolen type. The superiority of GR-S to natural rubber in the form of semiebonite should be an interesting piece of information for every compounder conscientious about the importance of keeping up the use and the manufacture of GR-S. With natural rubber becoming more and more available, there exists, as we all know, the definite danger that GR-S will be pushed into the background. As a matter of fact, we are approaching the situation where the supply of rubber hydrocarbons, natural and synthetic, will exceed the demand by multiples if new uses for rubber in large volume are not found. The increased use of rubber products in the building and construction industry and in road surfacing might provide such an outlet for rubber. Semiebonite with good aging qualities might find many uses along these lines. It might lend itself to the manufacture of floor coverings, of waterproof wall insulation, etc. The possibilities of using semiebonites from GR-S for tire beads has been suggested in a previously published article, but no detailed study comparing various rubbers has been reported. The primary purpose of this report is to present these basic data, which can be used as starting points for compound development and to point out that we have in the semiebonite range a possibility of using GR-S to advantage. As to butadiene-acrylonitrile rubbers, with which, in distinction to GR-S, very useful semihard rubber products can be made with phenolic resins, the medium sulfur range opens the possibility of making semiebonites which are easier to process and cheaper than resin combinations. The use of plastics in the rubber industry was recently discussed and summarized by Winkelmann. The compounding of semiebonites with Naftolen-type products offers a means of regulating the plasticity of the uncured stock as well as the elongation of the vulcanizate. Aging and prevention of sulfur bloom appear also improved. In other words, it was found that the combined use of 15 to 20 parts of sulfur with 15 to 50 parts of a Naftolen-type hydrocarbon gives a satisfactory semiebonite with GR-S, as well as with Hycar, and both these rubbers appear superior to natural rubber in semiebonites.
Screening and characterisation of a poly(vinyl alcohol)-degrading mixed microbial culture (2017)

A mixed microbial culture, which can degrade poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), was screened from the activated sludge of a textile factory. This mixed culture was found to consist of many bacterial strains, including representatives of Pseudomonas, Sphingopyxis, Castellaniella, Stenotrophomonas, Ochrobactrum and Shinella. The relative abundance of strains in the mixed culture during the incubation period was determined through the Illumina Miseq Platform. The biodegradation of PVA by this mixed culture in liquid medium was determined using several methods, including UV and gel-permeation chromatography (GPC). When the mixed culture was incubated in PVA1799-containing mineral medium for 4.5 days, the concentration of PVA decreased by 91% and the mean weight-average molecular weight of PVA decreased by 68%. The PVA-degrading enzymes produced by the mixed culture appear to be membrane or intracellular enzyme. The optimum pH and temperature for PVA-degrading enzyme activity were investigated by single-factor tests and were discovered to be pH 7.0 and 40°C, respectively. The crude enzymes extracted from the mixed culture could partly degrade PVA1799 nanofibre scaffolds.
Dynamic Observation of Ag Desorption Process on Si(111) Surface by High-Temperature Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (1993)

The dynamical isothermal desorption process of Ag adsorbed on a Si(111) surface kept at about 600°C was observed by means of high-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (HT-STM). The desorption of Ag caused a transition from the √3×√3-Ag phase to the 3×1-Ag phase having a lower Ag coverage, followed by another transition to the 7×7 phase. In the respective phase transitions, the produced phases extended from steps and domain boundaries. The number of Si atoms moved is discussed for the case of the phase transition from the 3×1-Ag structure to the 7×7 structure.
Development of benzodiazepines for out-of-hospital management of seizure emergencies (2015)

Management of seizure emergencies substantially changed after the introduction of rectal diazepam in Europe in the 1970s and in the United States in the 1990s. Although safe and effective, social objections and legal concerns have limited use of rectal diazepam products in out-of-hospital treatment of seizure emergencies. Shortly after the introduction of Diastat (diazepam rectal gel), commercial development of innovative formulations began involving several benzodiazepines and routes of administration, including buccal, IM, nasal, and subcutaneous. All benzodiazepines have the same mechanism of action; however, there are major differences in physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetic characteristics, which affect the choice of drug and route. This article highlights some of those differences and their effect on selection of therapies for treating seizure emergencies. We also present results from key clinical studies of these drugs and provide an update on current status of new products under development.
A Micro-Quantitative AES Analysis Using SEM-SAM Apparatus (Applied to Ag/Si Interfaces on Si(111) and Si(100) Surfaces) (1986)

Two kinds of samples were prepared in order to analyze the Ag/Si interfaces on Si (111) and Si (100) surfaces. Type 1: Ag films were deposited on Si (111) and Si (100) at higher substrate temperatures (300∼400°C). Type 2: Ag films were first deposited on Si (111) and Si (100) substrates at room temperature and heat treated thereafter at higher substrate temperatures (300∼400°C). These prepared samples were observed using high-resolution scanning electron microscope and scanning Auger electron microscope (SEM-SAM) equipment. Then, the Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) data from a micro-point analysis were analyzed by a newly developed quantitative AES method. The results show that about one monolayer of Ag grows on both the Si (111) and Si (100) surfaces and Ag islands grow thereafter (Stranski-Krastanov mode). Further, an averaged Ag island size near saturation was about 1 µm on Si (100) and its density was about 10-times larger than that on Si (111).
Modeling protein homopolymeric repeats: possible polyglutamine structural motifs for Huntington's disease. (1998)

We describe a prototype system (Poly-X) for assisting an expert user in modeling protein repeats. Poly-X reduces the large number of degrees of freedom required to specify a protein motif in complete atomic detail. The result is a small number of parameters that are easily understood by, and under the direct control of, a domain expert. The system was applied to the polyglutamine (poly-Q) repeat in the first exon of huntingtin, the gene implicated in Huntington's disease. We present four poly-Q structural motifs: two poly-Q beta-sheet motifs (parallel and antiparallel) that constitute plausible alternatives to a similar previously published poly-Q beta-sheet motif, and two novel poly-Q helix motifs (alpha-helix and pi-helix). To our knowledge, helical forms of polyglutamine have not been proposed before. The motifs suggest that there may be several plausible aggregation structures for the intranuclear inclusion bodies which have been found in diseased neurons, and may help in the effort to understand the structural basis for Huntington's disease.
Altered Brain Energy Metabolism in Demented Patients With Multiple Subcortical Ischemic Lesions (1993)

We report the results of brain metabolic studies (using magnetic resonance spectroscopy) in three groups of individuals: (1) demented patients with multiple subcortical ischemic lesions (n = 18); (2) nondemented, age-matched controls (n = 21); and (3) demented patients with neurodegenerative disease, probably of the Alzheimer type (n = 19). Patients with dementia with subcortical vascular lesions, as demonstrated by appropriate imaging studies, had an increase of phosphate energy charge in areas of the cerebral cortex (especially prominent in the frontal regions) superficial to and excluded from the subcortical lesions. We hypothesize that this increased energy charge might be caused by reduced metabolic activity of disconnected brain tissue or by astrocytic hypertrophy and hyperplasia that accompanies subtle ischemic, cortical alterations.
Salting‐out assisted liquid–liquid extraction with dansyl chloride for the determination of biogenic amines in food (2019)

Summary Biogenic amines ( BA s) are compounds present in foodstuff of animal origin that not only can be harmful to the consumer but can also serve as indicators of the product's edibility status. However, BA s’ analysis is rather complicated. Derivatisation methods have been employed to make their analysis less challenging. Salting‐out assisted liquid–liquid extraction ( SALLE ) was herein applied to decrease time that the derivatising agent dansyl chloride ( DNS ‐Cl) requires to be effective. DNS ‐Cl derivates were separated and analysed by high‐performance liquid chromatography with UV and fluorescence detection ( HPLC ‐ UV / FD ). It was by this way possible to analyse methylamine, dimethylamine, ethylamine, β‐phenylethylamine, isopentylamine, putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, tyramine, spermidine and spermine in a straightforward manner in several fish‐based and meat‐based samples, obtaining results in the order of magnitude of about a few mg per kg. All calibrations curves had r 2 higher than 0.99, and limits of detection ranged from 0.0075 to 1.6 mg L −1 .
Phase I and pharmacologic study of sequences of paclitaxel and cyclophosphamide supported by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in women with previously treated metastatic breast cancer. (1996)

Paclitaxel 200 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 1,250 mg/m2 with filgrastim administered every 21 days are the doses recommended for further study.
The Effects of Non-Ideal, Lithiation-Based Active Material Volume Change on Mechano-Electrochemical Pouch Cell Simulation (2020)

Automotive battery manufacturers are working to improve individual cell and overall pack design by increasing their performance, durability, and range, while reducing cost; and active material volume change is one of the more complex aspects that needs to be considered during this process. In the study presented here, thermodynamically non-ideal (non-linear), lithiation-based volume change behavior for the anode and cathode active materials were incorporated into a previously developed mechano-electrochemical model.(1-4) Before, an ideal (linear) relationship between active material volume change and state-of-lithiation was assumed. Using the non-ideal active material volume change behavior, the changing thickness of an automotive relevant, large-format pouch cell was predicted while simulating cell discharge. Measurements were taken using an experimental setup capable of simultaneous mechanical and electrochemical operation and observation. Figure 1 shows that the mechano-electrochemical measurements prove to agree well with simulation when using non-ideal lithiation-based volume change as opposed to the previously assumed ideal volume change behavior. The resulting model was used to simulate other mechano-electrochemical phenomena including the effects of anode/cathode capacity ratio and changing pressure/porosity during cell discharge. This mechano-electrochemical model shows promise to help define operational parameters to mitigate negative effects from active material volume change and may act as a tool for developers to reduce the extensive electrochemical and mechanical testing required for the design of promising new batteries. References T. R. Garrick, K. Higa, S.-L. Wu, Y. Dai, X. Huang, V. Srinivasan and J. W. Weidner, Journal of The Electrochemical Society , 164 , E3592 (2017). T. R. Garrick, X. Huang, V. Srinivasan and J. W. Weidner, Journal of The Electrochemical Society , 164 , E3552 (2017). T. R. Garrick, K. Kanneganti, X. Huang and J. W. Weidner, Journal of The Electrochemical Society , 161 , E3297 (2014). D. J. Pereira, J. W. Weidner and T. R. Garrick, Journal of The Electrochemical Society , 166 , A1251 (2019). D. J. Pereira, M. A. Fernandez, K. C. Streng, X. X. Hou, X. Gao, J. W. Weidner, and T. R. Garrick, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 167 , 080515 (2020). Figure 1. Experimentally measured data and simulations using ideal and non-ideal active material volume change behavior for a NMC/LMO:Graphite pouch cell strain as a function of cell state-of-charge. Figure 1
NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS OF THE NONLINEAR AXISYMMETRIC EQUATIONS FOR SHELLS OF REVOLUTION (1966)

Abstract : A numerical procedure for the solution of the nonlinear equations governing the large axisymmetric deflections of thin shells of revolution is presented and applied both to the complete equations due to Reissner and to the simpler equations to which these reduce for small-finite angle changes. Global solutions extending into the postbuckled range are shown to be considerably more complicated than expected. The character of the global solution is also shown to be quite sensitive to boundary conditions imposed. A comparison of the results obtained from the complete equations and the small-finite deflection equations reveals a very close agreement through the entire load-deflection history. (Author)
Digitalis-Like Compounds in the Toad Bufo viridis (1993)

Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology™ is a peer reviewed, multidisciplinary journal that publishes original articles and pertinent review articles on basic and clinical aspects of cardiovascular pharmacology. Appropriate subjects include new drug development and evaluation, physiological and pharmacological bases of drug action, metabolism, drug interactions and side effects, clinical results with new and established agents and novel methods. The focus is on pharmacology in its broadest applications, incorporating not only traditional approaches, but new approaches to the development of pharmacological agents and the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Abstract Fixpoint Computations with Numerical Acceleration Methods (2010)

Static analysis by abstract interpretation aims at automatically proving properties of computer programs. Basically, an over-approximation of program semantics, defined as the least fixpoint of a system of semantic equations, must be computed. To enforce the convergence of this computation, widening operator is used but it may lead to coarse results. We propose a new method to accelerate the computation of this fixpoint by using standard techniques of numerical analysis. Our goal is to automatically and dynamically adapt the widening operator in order to maintain precision.
Pyrazolyl-bridged iridium dimers. 14. Steric control in ground-state oxidative addition of methyl iodide to complexes related to tetracarbonylbis(.mu.-pyrazolyl)diiridium (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPyrazolyl-bridged iridium dimers. 14. Steric control in ground-state oxidative addition of methyl iodide to complexes related to tetracarbonylbis(.mu.-pyrazolyl)diiridiumRon D. Brost and Stephen R. StobartCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1989, 28, 24, 4307–4308Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00323a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00323a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views53Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Activation of<i>Drosophila</i>Sodium Channels Promotes Modification by Deltamethrin (2000)

kdr and super-kdr are mutations in houseflies and other insects that confer 30- and 500-fold resistance to the pyrethroid deltamethrin. They correspond to single (L1014F) and double (L1014F+M918T) mutations in segment IIS6 and linker II(S4-S5) of Na channels. We expressed Drosophila para Na channels with and without these mutations and characterized their modification by deltamethrin. All wild-type channels can be modified by <10 nM deltamethrin, but high affinity binding requires channel opening: (a) modification is promoted more by trains of brief depolarizations than by a single long depolarization, (b) the voltage dependence of modification parallels that of channel opening, and (c) modification is promoted by toxin II from Anemonia sulcata, which slows inactivation. The mutations reduce channel opening by enhancing closed-state inactivation. In addition, these mutations reduce the affinity for open channels by 20- and 100-fold, respectively. Deltamethrin inhibits channel closing and the mutations reduce the time that channels remain open once drug has bound. The super-kdr mutations effectively reduce the number of deltamethrin binding sites per channel from two to one. Thus, the mutations reduce both the potency and efficacy of insecticide action.
Fundamental Understanding of Nanostructured Si Electrodes: Preparation and Characterization (2018)

Abstract The capabilities of lithium‐ion batteries have considerably advanced through the utilization of Si anodes because silicon is abundant, features low operating voltage, and has high theoretical capacity. However, unavoidable structural failures caused by large volume changes and sluggish lithium‐ion transport pose significant challenges to the technology and hinder its widespread utilization in practical applications. Therefore, various nanostructures for Si anodes with corresponding synthetic methods have been proposed. Considering the unique features of nanostructured Si anodes, analytical techniques for in‐situ monitoring during electrochemical reactions have been studied, and many interesting results have been published. Herein, we review a scheme for preparing nanostructured Si and advanced characterization techniques. By elaborating practical approaches, we seek to aid the future design of nanostructured Si anodes by a detailed understanding of previous in‐situ measurements.
Anti-phase domains and magnetism in epitaxial magnetite layers (1999)

Recent studies show that the magnetic properties of epitaxial thin films of magnetite (Fe3O4) deviate strongly from bulk behavior: it is difficult to saturate thin films, ultrathin films may become super paramagnetic, their saturation magnetization drops to zero, and the local magnetic moments are oriented out of plane in zero field. The possible relationship between this anomalous behavior and the occurrence of anti-phase boundaries (APBs) is discussed. Transmission electron microscopy images confirm that APBs are present in our Fe3O4 films grown by molecular beam epitaxy on MgO(100). Only APBs with out-of-plane shift vectors are visible. The much higher APB density found in sputtered films suggests that preparation conditions are important. To explain the deviating saturation and the superparamagnetic behavior of thin Fe3O4 films at the same time, the magnetic coupling over the APB must be dramatically reduced due to spin disorder along the boundaries.
Callus formation from protoplasts of cell suspension cultures of Rosa ‘Paul's Scarlet’ (1980)

Abstract Sustained divisions of protoplast‐derived cells obtained from cell suspension cultures of Rosa ‘Paul's Scarlet’ leading to colony and callus formation was achieved. The rather low plating efficiencies observed for agar‐plated protoplasts were partly due to early arrests in further development of dividing protoplast‐derived cells and cell clusters. Successful cultivation of dividing protoplast‐derived cells was particularly dependent upon frequent subculturing of the precultures and on an efficient procedure for viable protoplast isolation. Colony formation was largely independent of medium composition.
Low-voltage analog current detector supporting at-speed BIST (2003)

This paper presents a design of a low-voltage analog current detector supporting the at-speed Built-In-Self-Test (BIST) methodology. In testing mode, the current detector performs a non-functional Iddq and delta Iddq test which enables a more accurate fail/pass decision. A 1.2 V high-frequency current amplifying cell is utilized. With a sensitivity of less than 200 nA, the detector achieves a wide gain-bandwidth product of 6.8 GHz and the low frequency current gain of 48 dB. The operation of the detector has been verified experimentally. The current detector has been implemented in 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS technology.