gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bioactive Compounds in Virgin Olive Oil of the PDO Montoro‐Adamuz (2016)

Abstract Virgin olive oil (VOO) is generally recognized as a healthy fat because of its fatty acid composition and content in minor compounds but a wide range of these substances can be found in commercial oils. The concentration of compounds with attributed health benefits were analyzed in VOO of the PDO Montoro‐Adamuz. Oleic acid represented around 79 % of the total fatty acids, and the mean squalene and tocopherols concentrations were 5800 and 247 mg/kg respectively. Despite the changes found in polyphenols concentration in the oils analyzed for six consecutive crops, these substances accounted for more than 700 mg/kg. Moreover, the effect of irrigation regime and sun radiation on the content in bioactive substances of these oils was also assessed. No significant differences were detected between oils from trees irrigated ad libitum or rain‐feed. In contrast, the level of tree radiation exerted a great effect on the concentration of bioactive substances in oils. Oils from trees cultivated in a sunny area (south orientation) had a higher percentage of oleic acid and concentration in phenolic compounds than those from shady areas (north orientation). The opposite was detected for tocopherols and squalene which were more concentrated in oils from olives of the shady area. The results obtained in this study point out VOO of the PDO Montoro‐Adamuz as a very healthy fat due to their composition in bioactive substances, in particular their richness in phenolic compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetite (Fe3O4) in an Oxygen Potential Gradient: Chemical Diffusion, Tracer Diffusion, and Phase Boundary Reaction. (1990)

Abstract An experimental method is presented that allows the simultaneous determination of the self‐diffusion coefficient of the dominant defect (cation vacancy, V, or interstitial cation, I) and the correlation factor for tracer diffusion via this defect.
Performance of an efficient sleep mode operation for IEEE 802.16m (2011)

Power saving is one of the important issues for battery-poweredmobile station in mobile WiMAX. Both IEEE 802.16e and IEEE 802.16mstandards define sleep mode operations for power saving of mobilestations. In this paper, we propose an efficient sleep modeoperation for the IEEE 802.16m advanced mobile WiMAX. The proposedscheme takes advantages of sleep modes in both the IEEE 802.16e and IEEE 802.16m. This scheme has binary exponential sleep windowswhich guarantee the minimum length for effective power saving. Themobile station uses the T_AMS timer in the IEEE 802.16m so that themobile station sends or receives data packets during the extendablelistening window in the sleep mode. We mathematically analyze theproposed scheme by an embedded Markov chain to obtain the averagemessage delay and the average power consumption of a mobile station.The analytical results match with the simulation results very well.The analytical results show that the power consumption of our schemeis better than those of the legacy sleep modes in the IEEE 802.16eand the IEEE 802.16m under the same delay bound.
Dynamic Observation of a Surface Reconstruction of Au-Deposited Si Particle (1996)

Metal deposition is one of the most effective methods to reconstruct the surface structure of Si, and a number of studies using electron microscopes have been carried out. Endo et al. have studied Au-deposited Si(111) surface by ultra-high vacuum(UHV) scanning electron microscope(SEM), and obtained SEM images of 7 × 7 and 5 × 2-Au structure at 600°C. Ozawa et al. have observed Audeposited Si(111) surface by UHV-transmission electron microscope(TEM) and observed the formation of 5 × 2-Au structure at 700°C. Marks et al. have studied the structure of Au-deposited Si(lll) surface to reconstruct electronic potential on the surface. Recently, we developed a direct heating type- specimen heating holder consists of two heating elements, for use with a conventional analytical TEM, and applied to an in-situ study of the surface reconstruction of Au-deposited Si at high temperature. A schematic drawing of the heating holder is shown in Fig. 1. Tungsten wire with a diameter of 25εm was used as the heating elements. The upper heating element was used for metal deposition, in this case Au, and lower one for the heating of substrate material, in this case Si. The microscope used in the study is a H-9000NAR analytical TEM operated at 300kV. The spherical and chromatic aberration coefficients of the objective lens were 0.69 and 1.4mm, respectively, and the TEM image resolution was 0.175nm
ChemInform Abstract: METAL ION CONTROL IN TEMPLATE SYNTHESIS. THE CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF A DISILVER(I) COMPLEX OF A 28‐MEMBERED OCTADENTATE MACROCYCLIC LIGAND (1979)

Abstract Die Reaktion von 2,6‐Diacetylpyridin mit 3,3 ′‐Diaminodipropylamin führt in Gegenwart von großen Metallionen wie Ag(I) durch "2+2"‐Kondensation zu einem 28‐gliedrigen makrocyclischen Komplex (I), der in der Raumgruppe P2 1 /n mit Z=2 kristallisiert.
Biphasic Dependence of Glioma Survival and Cell Migration on CD44 Expression Level (2017)

While several studies link the cell-surface marker CD44 to cancer progression, conflicting results show both positive and negative correlations with increased CD44 levels. Here, we demonstrate that the survival outcomes of genetically induced glioma-bearing mice and of high-grade human glioma patients are biphasically correlated with CD44 level, with the poorest outcomes occurring at intermediate levels. Furthermore, the high-CD44-expressing mesenchymal subtype exhibited a positive trend of survival with increased CD44 level. Mouse cell migration rates in ex vivo brain slice cultures were also biphasically associated with CD44 level, with maximal migration corresponding to minimal survival. Cell simulations suggest that cell-substrate adhesiveness is sufficient to explain this biphasic migration. More generally, these results highlight the potential importance of non-monotonic relationships between survival and biomarkers associated with cancer progression.
Geoacoustic propagation through random seafloor models (1987)

Finite difference forward models of elastic wave propagation through laterally heterogeneous upper oceanic crust are presented. The finite difference formulation is a two-dimensional solution to the elastic wave equation for heterogeneous media and implicitly calculates P and SV propagation, compressional to shear conversion, interference effects, and interface phenomena. Random velocity perturbations with Gaussian and self-similar autocorrelation functions and different correlation lengths are presented that show different characteristics of secondary scattering. The presence of a water-solid interface in the models allows for the existence of secondary Stoneley waves, which account for much of the seafloor noise seen in the synthetic seismograms for the laterally heterogeneous models. “Random” incoherent secondary scattering increases as the product of wavenumber and correlation distance (ka) approaches 1. Deterministic secondary scattering from larger heterogeneities is the dominant effect in the models as ka increases above 1. Secondary scattering also shows up as incoherence in the primary traces of the seismograms when compared to the laterally homogeneous case. Cross-correlation analysis of thc initial P-diving wave arrival shows that, in general, the correlation between traces decreases as ka approaches 1.
Activation of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase Antagonizes an Anti-apoptotic Action of Bcl-2 (1997)

Bcl-2 is an intracellular membrane-associated protein that prevents cell death induced by a variety of apoptotic stimuli. A mechanism by which Bcl-2 exerts an anti-cell death effect is, however, not fully understood. In the present study, Bcl-2 suppressed cell death of N18TG neuroglioma cells caused by various apoptotic stresses, including etoposide, staurosporine, anisomycin, and ultraviolet irradiation. Concomitantly, Bcl-2 disrupted a signaling cascade to the c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation induced by the apoptotic stresses. Bcl-2 also prevented the etoposide-induced stimulation of MEKK1. Furthermore, overexpression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase antagonized the death-protective function of Bcl-2. These data suggest that suppression of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway may be critical for Bcl-2 action.
Determining Sorption Rate by a Continuous Gravimetric Method (2003)

A rate-determining step in the decontamination of chemical agent resistant coating (CARC) is thought to be the rate of solvent sorption into the pores of the paint. Because of systematic errors inherent in the conventional "blotting" method, a continuous gravimetric method was developed to determine the initial sorption rates of various solvents into MIL-C-53039A CARC and total amounts of solvent sorbed (t=30 min). Using an HP Vector VL computer interfaced with a Mettler AX205 Delta Range balance, mass and time were automatically recorded in an Excel file while CARC coupons were submerged in solvent. Initial sorption rates were determined for butyl acetate, butyl ether, cyclohexane and propylene carbonate. A comparison between total sorption values (t=30 min) from the continuous gravimetric method and values from the "blotting" method (ASTM D543) shows a statistical difference between the two methods for CARC coupons.
Defect pairs of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>F</mml:mi></mml:math>centers and substitutional<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>ions (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>U</mml:mi></mml:math>centers) in alkali halides. Resonance Raman studies (1978)

Defect pairs of $F$ and $U$ centers ["${F}_{H}({\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}})$ centers"] were observed for the first time, created by laser-light induced aggregation of $F$ centers in NaCl, KCl, and RbCl crystals doped with high concentrations of substitutional ${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ defects ($U$ centers). The formation of these pairs was indentified by the appearance of three sharp ${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ local-mode lines in the Raman spectrum of $F$ centers (due to the replacement of one of the 12 ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ neighbors by a small-mass ${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ion). Raman studies of these local mode lines observed in different scattering geometries (${A}_{1g}, {E}_{g}, {T}_{2g}$) and in first and second order, reveal their symmetry and identify them as the three orthogonal linear vibrations of the ${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ defect in a $〈110〉$ pair configuration with the $F$ center. A simple model, based on the Van der Waal interaction between the vibrating ${H}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ dipole and the induced electronic dipole at the $F$ center, explains well the observed local-model shifts. A speculative discussion is given on the absorption, emission, and photochemical properties of this pair formed from the two simplest prototypes of an electronic and local-model defect
Control and estimation through cognitive radio with distributed and dynamic spectral activity (2010)

Cognitive radio systems are currently a popular topic and are a good prospect for research when combined with control technology. In this paper, we consider the control and estimation via a two switch model which can represent a cognitive radio system. We provide an optimal estimator for this model and demonstrate that the optimal LQG controller is not a linear gain of the estimate of the states, as well as showing how the separation principle does not hold. Several conditions of stability are also discussed. Numerical examples are provided to verify the results.
Practical Strategies for Detecting and Confirming Vancomycin-Intermediate <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> : a Tertiary-Care Hospital Laboratory's Experience (2001)

The clinical microbiology laboratory plays a critical role in the detection of Staphylococcus aureus with decreased susceptibility to vancomycin. Staff education and rapid laboratory response are of utmost importance. We report on our laboratory's experience and provide recommendations for the identification and confirmation of vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus.
Abnormal Transition Pore Kinetics and Cytochrome C Release in Muscle Mitochondria of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2008)

Skeletal muscle dysfunction (SMD) is frequent in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Mitochondrial abnormalities appear to play a role in the pathogenesis of SMD. The mitochondrion permeability transition pore (MPTP) facilitates the leakage of mitochondrial matrix constituents, such as cytochrome c (cyto-c), and triggers apoptosis, known to occur in skeletal muscle of patients with COPD. Our objective was to study MPTP kinetics and cyto-c release in skeletal muscle mitochondria of patients with COPD. Mitochondria were isolated from the vastus lateralis (VL), external intercostalis (EI), and latissimus dorsi (LD) in 11 patients with COPD (66 +/- 9 yr; FEV(1) 66 +/- 13%) and 15 smokers with normal lung function (64 +/- 6 yr; FEV(1) 95 +/- 11%) who required thoracic surgery for a localized lung neoplasm. MPTP kinetics were determined spectrophotometrically (time to reach V'max, V'max and mitochondrial swelling) and cyto-c release by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MPTP kinetics and cyto-c release were abnormal in patients with COPD in the three muscles studied. In addition, V'max of VL mitochondria was significantly related (P < 0.01) to BMI (r = -0.75 COPD, -0.67 control) and aerobic capacity (r = -0.70 COPD, -0.60 control) for the COPD group. MPTP kinetics and cyto-c release are abnormal in skeletal and respiratory muscles of patients with moderate COPD, suggesting a systemic mechanism(s) occurring early during the course of the disease.
Surface plasmon resonance biosensors for environmental analysis: general aspects and applications (2010)

Interest in the development of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) based biosensors for the detection and monitoring of analytes in several fields has been extensively developed in the last decade. Indeed, SPR-based biosensors demonstrate interesting potential for environmental applications, and a substantial number of studies have been reported for heavy metals, dioxins, pesticides, aromatic hydrocarbons, phenol, polychlorinated biphenyls and detection. This paper reviews the current state-of-art in SPR sensors and outlines important issues with regard to the development of high-sensitivity sensors, in particular for the detection of small biomolecules. Furthermore, the future prospects for SPR sensor technology, such as low cost of production, compact design, reusability and increased functionality (multiple analytes detection), are discussed.
Security of Quantum Key Distribution (2016)

The security issues facing quantum key distribution (QKD) are explained, herein focusing on those issues that are cryptographic and information theoretic in nature and not those based on physics. The problem of security criteria is addressed. It is demonstrated that an attacker's success probabilities are the fundamental criteria of security that any theoretic security criterion must relate to in order to have operational significance. The errors committed in the prevalent interpretation of the trace distance criterion are analyzed. The security proofs of QKD protocols are discussed and assessed in regard to three main features: their validity, completeness, and adequacy of the achieved numerical security level. Problems are identified in all these features. It appears that the QKD security situation is quite different from the common perception that a QKD-generated key is nearly perfectly secure. Built into our discussion is a simple but complete quantitative description of the information theoretic security of classical key distribution that is also applicable to the quantum situation. In the Appendixes, we provide a brief outline of the history of some major QKD security proofs, a rather unfavorable comparison of current QKD proven security with that of conventional symmetric key ciphers, and a list of objections and answers concerning some major points of this paper.
Geometric methods in quantum computation (2003)

Recent advances in the physical sciences and engineering have created great hopes for new computational paradigms and substrates. One such new approach is the quantum computer, which holds the promise of enhanced computational power. Analogous to the way a classical computer is built from electrical circuits containing wires and logic gates, a quantum computer is built from quantum circuits containing quantum wires and elementary quantum gates to transport and manipulate quantum information. Therefore, design of quantum gates and quantum circuits is a prerequisite for any real application of quantum computation. 
In this dissertation we apply geometric control methods from differential geometry and Lie group representation theory to analyze the properties of quantum gates and to design optimal quantum circuits. Using the Cartan decomposition and the Weyl group, we show that the geometric structure of nonlocal two-qubit gates is a 3-Torus. After further reducing the symmetry, the geometric representation of nonlocal gates is seen to be conveniently visualized as a tetrahedron. Each point in this tetrahedron except on the base corresponds to a different equivalent class of nonlocal gates. This geometric representation is one of the cornerstones for the discussion on quantum computation in this dissertation. 
We investigate the properties of those two-qubit operations that can generate maximal entanglement. It is an astonishing finding that if we randomly choose a two-qubit operation, the probability that we obtain a perfect entangler is exactly one half. We prove that given a two-body interaction Hamiltonian, it is always possible to explicitly construct a quantum circuit for exact simulation of any arbitrary nonlocal two-qubit gate by turning on the two-body interaction for at most three times, together with at most four local gates. We also provide an analytic approach to construct a universal quantum circuit from any entangling gate supplemented with local gates. Closed form solutions have been derived for each step in this explicit construction procedure. Moreover, the minimum upper bound is found to construct a universal quantum circuit from any Controlled-Unitary gate. A near optimal explicit construction of universal quantum circuits from a given Controlled-Unitary is provided. For the Controlled-NOT and Double-CNOT gate, we then develop simple analytic ways to construct universal quantum circuits with exactly three applications, which is the least possible for these gates. We further discover a new quantum gate (named B gate) that achieves the desired universality with minimal number of gates. Optimal implementation of single-qubit quantum gates is also investigated. Finally, as a real physical application, a constructive way to implement any arbitrary two-qubit operation on a spin electronics system is discussed.
Strain distribution in annual rings under compression by high speed photography (2009)

Fatigue is essential in mechanical pulping when producing flexible paper fibers energy efficiently from stiff wood fibers. Fatigue propagation depends mainly on strain variation. The objective of the study is to determine how compressive strain is distributed between earlywood and latewood. Uneven distribution of local strain variation is likely to cause different amount of fatigue for earlywood and latewood and thus affects the usability of these fibers in the paper products. To characterize the material's response to mechanical defibration at high strain rates a unique testing equipment was utilized. The ESHD (Encapsulated Split-Hopkinson Device) at Mid Sweden University allows generation of such high strain rate pulses. Combining this with high speed photography at 50 000 fps offered the possibility of quantitative strain field mapping by image analysis. Since both wood temperature and moisture content affect strain behavior, moisture content was in this study kept constant at 45 %. Testing temperature was varied between 20°C and 135°C. Additionally, four levels of compressive fatigue treatment in the radial direction, prior to the high strain rate tests, were used to investigate how different parts of the annual rings were changed due to the fatigue treatment. In the measurements, it was noted that the strain was concentrated in the softer earlywood layers and there were unexpectedly little strain in the latewood layers. The temperature and the fatigue level clearly affected the magnitude of the strains. Higher temperature and fatigue level increased the strain difference between earlywood and latewood in the sample.
Mutation of <i>rpiA</i> in <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> Decreases Seed and Root Colonization and Biocontrol of Damping-Off Caused by <i>Pythium ultimum</i> on Cucumber (2002)

Strains of Enterobacter cloacae show promise as biocontrol agents for Pythium ultimum-induced damping-off on cucumber and other crops. E. cloacae A145 is a mini-Tn5 Km transposon mutant of strain 501R3 that was significantly reduced in suppression of damping-off on cucumber caused by P. ultimum. Strain A145 was deficient in colonization of cucumber, sunflower, and wheat seeds and significantly reduced in colonization of corn and cowpea seeds relative to strain 501R3. Populations of strain A145 were also significantly lower than those of strain 501R3 at all sampling times in cucumber, wheat, and sunflower rhizosphere. Populations of strain A145 were not detectable in any rhizosphere after 42 days, while populations of strain 501R3 remained at substantial levels throughout all experiments. Molecular characterization of strain A145 indicated mini-Tn5 Km was inserted in a region of the E. cloacae genome with a high degree of DNA and amino acid sequence similarity to rpiA, which encodes ribose-5-phosphate isomerase. In Escherichia coli, RpiA catalyzes the interconversion of ribose-5-phosphate and ribulose-5-phosphate and is a key enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway. Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase activity in cell lysates from strain A145 was approximately 3.5% of that from strain 501R3. In addition, strain A145 was a ribose auxotroph, as expected for an rpiA mutant. Introduction of a 1.0-kb DNA fragment containing only the rpiA homologue into strain A145 restored ribose phosphate isomerase activity, prototrophy, seedling colonization, and disease suppression to levels similar to those associated with strain 501R3. Experiments reported here indicate a key role for rpiA and possibly the pentose phosphate pathway in suppression of damping-off and colonization of subterranean portions of plants by E. cloacae.