gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Association of Social Engagement with Brain Volumes Assessed by Structural MRI (2012)

We tested the hypothesis that social engagement is associated with larger brain volumes in a cohort study of 348 older male former lead manufacturing workers (n = 305) and population-based controls (n = 43), age 48 to 82. Social engagement was measured using a summary scale derived from confirmatory factor analysis. The volumes of 20 regions of interest (ROIs), including total brain, total gray matter (GM), total white matter (WM), each of the four lobar GM and WM, and 9 smaller structures were derived from T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance images. Linear regression models adjusted for age, education, race/ethnicity, intracranial volume, hypertension, diabetes, and control (versus lead worker) status. Higher social engagement was associated with larger total brain and GM volumes, specifically temporal and occipital GM, but was not associated with WM volumes except for corpus callosum. A voxel-wise analysis supported an association in temporal lobe GM. Using longitudinal data to discern temporal relations, change in ROI volumes over five years showed null associations with current social engagement. Findings are consistent with the hypothesis that social engagement preserves brain tissue, and not consistent with the alternate hypothesis that persons with smaller or shrinking volumes become less socially engaged, though this scenario cannot be ruled out.
Detection of Silver Oxide Film Sandwiched in a Multilayer Dielectric Stack by Raman Spectrometry (1991)

Experiments were performed to detect the presence of thin silver oxide films by Raman spectrometry. Samples consisted of multilayer stacks of ZnO/Ag/ZnO films deposited on glass substrates by a sputtering process. A range of samples was produced where the sandwiched Ag film was protected and unprotected from oxidation during the deposition of the top ZnO film. Raman spectra showed that the individual oxide layers of ZnO and Ag-O on glass substrates had characteristic bands in the spectra. Analysis of the stacks indicated that the samples in which the Ag film was unprotected during the deposition of the top ZnO showed the presence of a typical Ag-O band. It was concluded that Raman spectroscopy is a sensitive, nondestructive technique for the detection of silver oxide layers in a multilayer system.
Extending and encoding existing biological terminologies and datasets for use in the reasoned semantic web (2012)

We demonstrate that the combination of semantically-explicit data, logically rigorous models of clinical guidelines, and publicly-accessible Semantic Web Services, can be used to execute automated, rigorous and reproducible clinical classifications with an accuracy approaching that of an expert. Discrepancies between the manual and automatic approaches reveal, as expected, that clinicians do not always rigorously follow established guidelines for classification; however, we demonstrate that "personalized" ontologies may represent a re-usable and transparent approach to modeling individual clinical expertise, leading to more reproducible science.
Titelbild: Soft Robotics for Chemists (Angew. Chem. 8/2011) (2011)

Der gezeigte seesternförmige …︁ …︁ Greifer nutzt in eine Elastomerstruktur eingebettete pneumatische Netzwerke, um eine lebende, betäubte Maus aufzuheben, ohne ihr Schaden zuzufügen. In der Zuschrift auf S. 1930 ff. schildern G. M. Whitesides et. al. den pneumatischen Antrieb von Elastomerstrukturen, wie sie in dieser Art von Geräten und in weichen Robotern genutzt werden, die einzigartig nützlich bei der Handhabung zerbrechlicher Objekte (wie der Maus oder eines rohen Eis) sein könnten. Kohlenhydrat-Antigene Das Tn-Antigen ist ein abnormes O-Glycan, das bei Krebs und anderen Erkrankungen auftritt. R. D. Cummings et al. fassen in ihrem Aufsatz auf S. 1808 ff. die komplexen biologischen und pathophysiologischen Eigenschaften dieser einfachen Struktureinheit zusammen.1 Brennstoffzellen In ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 1832 ff. berichten Z. P. Shao und Mitarbeiter über die Erzeugung von Elektrizität und Synthesegas aus Methan in einer Einkammer-Festkörperbrennstoffzelle, wobei Emissionen vermieden werden.1 Gasförmige Kohlensäure In der Zuschrift auf S. 1981 ff. stellen H. Grothe, T. Loerting et al. die IR-Spektren von aus der Gasphase abgefangenen Kohlensäuremolekülen vor. Diese Daten sind nützlich für die Identifizierung gasförmiger Kohlensäure im Weltraum.1
Body size, composition, and fitness in adolescents with elevated blood pressures. (1985)

Increased body size is often found in children with elevated blood pressures, but it is not clear whether this is a result of obesity or early maturity. Similarly, levels of activity and fitness have marked effects on blood pressure and body composition. To study these interrelated factors, we measured height, weight, and body composition (skinfold thickness and total body water) as well as heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen consumption at rest and during exercise in 192 ninth grade boys and girls, 102 with persistently elevated blood pressures at or above the 95th percentile and 90 matched controls with blood pressures below the 50th percentile for the entire population of 10,641 Dallas County ninth graders tested. Differences in resting blood pressures also were present during maximal exercise and recovery periods. Boys with persistently elevated blood pressures were characterized by increased supine and recovery heart rates, normal fitness, excess size for age in the absence of obesity, and early maturation. Girls with persistently elevated blood pressures had increased heart rates, decreased fitness, and obesity.
Molecular Basis of a Human Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency (1986)

The serendipitous discovery that some children with an autosomal recessive form of severe combined immunodeficiency were also deficient in the enzyme adenosine deaminase (Giblett et al. 1972) led to the discovery of the deficiency of the related enzyme, purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), among some children with autosomal recessively inherited T-cell deficiency, or Nezeloff syndrome (Giblett et al. 1975). In spite of an extensive search for more than a decade, there have been no other enzyme deficiencies discovered as causes of immunodeficiencies.
ChemInform Abstract: [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions of Proline Benzyl Ester Nitrone with Alkenes and Alkynes. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
2B09-3 Microbial production of xylitol from L-arabinose (2006)

The simultaneous analysis of the maximum number of chemical elements present in plant tissues provides more comprehensive information about their chemical constitution and increases the number of characteristics for the selection process in various plant breeding programs. The objective of this study was to analyze productivity, grain yield, and concentration of chemical elements in tissues of <i>Coffea canephora</i> clones to study phenotypic diversity and estimate genetic parameters for use in breeding. This experiment was carried out in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, in randomized blocks with four replications. The concentrations of elements in various organs were quantified using total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF). Genetic parameters and genetic divergence were estimated, and genotypes were clustered using the UPGMA hierarchical method and non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis. The study allowed us to differentiate the performance of the clones in terms of the absorption of essential and non-essential chemical elements for plant development and to analyze the correlation of the characteristics in the selection process. TXRF efficiently characterizes the presence and concentration of multiple elements, aiding genotype discrimination for <i>C. canephora</i> improvement.
Notes - Synthsesis of 5,6,7-Trimethoxyindole Possible Intermediary Metabolite of Mescaline (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes - Synthsesis of 5,6,7-Trimethoxyindole Possible Intermediary Metabolite of MescalineR. Morin, F. Benington, and L. Clark, Jr.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1957, 22, 3, 331–332Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1957Publication History Published online14 April 2003Published inissue 1 March 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01354a608https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01354a608research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views149Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
2-ACETYLAMINO-5-HYDROXYFLUORENE, A METABOLITE OF THE CARCINOGEN 2-ACETYLAMINOFLUORENE<sup>1</sup> (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2-ACETYLAMINO-5-HYDROXYFLUORENE, A METABOLITE OF THE CARCINOGEN 2-ACETYLAMINOFLUORENE1ELIZABETH K. WEISBURGER and JOHN H. WEISBURGERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1955, 20, 10, 1396–1401Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01127a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01127a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views112Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rhodanide des vierwertigen Titans (1901)

loste, war nicht zu reinigen,
An inhibitor for post-proline cleaving enzyme; Distribution and partial purification from porcine pancreas. (1982)

An inhibitor(s) for post-proline cleaving enzyme was checked by using a fluorogenic substrate, Z-Gly-Pro-4-methyl coumarinamide, and was found to be distributed widely in rat and porcine organs. The highest inhibitory activity on the enzyme was observed in pancreas and the inhibitor was pattially purified from porcine pancreas extract by heat treatment, chromatographies on DEAE-Sephadex and Sephadex G-50 and affinity chromatography on trypsin-Sepharose. This inhibitor was very stable against temperature, pH and trichloroacetic acid treatment. The molecular weight was estimated to be 6500 by gel filtration. This inhibitor was highly specific for prolyl endopeptidases from mammals and Flavobacterium and inhibited the enzyme competitively. It acted neither on proline specific exopeptidases such as dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV, proline aminopeptidase, prolidase, nor usual endopeptidases such as trypsin and α-chymotrypsin.
ChemInform Abstract: Optically Active Antifungal Azoles. Part 2. Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Polysulfide Derivatives of (2R,3R)‐2‐(2,4‐Difluorophenyl)‐ 3‐mercapto‐1‐(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)‐2‐butanol. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A case of progressive hemifacial atrophy with uveitis and retinal vasculitis (1991)

Parry Romberg syndrome is a rare disorder characterised by progressive hemifacial atrophy that is usually unilateral, involving the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and subsequently the muscle, cartilage and bone. Previous cases with various ocular manifestations have been reported. A case of Parry Romberg syndrome with retinal vasculitis is reported.
AlzPharm: integration of neurodegeneration data using RDF (2007)

Accessing and integrating biomedical data which cuts across multiple disciplines will be increasingly indispensable and beneficial to neuroscience researchers. The Semantic Web approach we undertook has demonstrated a promising way to semantically integrate data sets created independently. It also shows how advanced queries and inferences can be performed over the integrated data, which are hard to achieve using traditional data integration approaches. Our pilot results suggest that our Semantic Web approach is suitable for realizing e-Neuroscience and generic enough to be applied in other biomedical fields.
Brain Angiotensin and Body Fluid Homeostasis. (2001)

Angiotensinogen, the precursor molecule of the peptides angiotensin I, II, and III, is synthesized in the brain and the liver. Evidence is reviewed that angiotensin II, and possibly angiotensin III, that are generated within the brain act within neural circuits of the central nervous system to regulate body fluid balance. Immunohistochemical studies in the rat brain have provided evidence of angiotensin-containing neurons, especially in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, subfornical organ, periventricular region, and nucleus of the solitary tract, as well as in extensive angiotensin-containing fiber pathways. Angiotensin immunoreactivity is observed by electron microscope in synaptic vesicles in several brain regions, the most prominent of these being the central nucleus of the amygdala. Neurons in many parts of the brain (lamina terminalis, paraventricular and parabrachial nuclei, ventrolateral medulla, and nucleus of the solitary tract) known to be involved in the regulation of body fluid homeostasis exhibit angiotensin receptors of the AT(1) subtype. Pharmacological studies in several species show that intracerebroventricular administration of AT(1) receptor antagonist drugs inhibit homeostatic responses to the central administration of hypertonic saline, intravenous infusion of the hormone relaxin, or thermal dehydration. Responses affected by centrally administered AT(1) antagonists are water drinking, vasopressin secretion, natriuresis, increased arterial pressure, reduced renal renin release, salt hunger, and thermoregulatory adjustments. We conclude that angiotensinergic neural pathways in the brain probably have an important homeostatic function, especially in regard to osmoregulation and thermoregulation, and the maintenance of arterial pressure.
A high-speed 32-channel CMOS VCSEL driver with built-in self-test and clock generation circuitry (1999)

This paper describes the design, electrical, and optical test results for a high-speed 32-channel CMOS vertical-cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) driver integrated circuits with built-in self-test and clock generation circuitry. The circuit design and silicon parts are available to the research community through the Consortium for Optical and Optoelectronic Technologies in Computing (CO-OP) and the Optoelectronics Industry Association (OIDA). This device is specifically targeted at users building VCSEL-based smart photonic system demonstrators. A ten-channel version of this driver chip is also available with the same functionality and performance.
Occurrence of Neutrophil Extracellular DNA Traps (NETs) in Pre‐Eclampsia (2006)

Manifest pre-eclampsia is associated with activation of peripheral neutrophils as well as elevations in maternal cell-free DNA. For this reason, we were very intrigued by recent reports indicating that activated circulatory neutrophils secrete nuclear DNA to generate extracellular DNA lattices, termed NETs (neutrophil extracellular traps). Our preliminary data indicate that placental syncytiotrophoblast microparticles, which are released in elevated amounts in pre-eclampsia, can induce NETs in isolated neutrophils. Furthermore, we found evidence for the increased presence of NETs directly in the intervillous space of pre-eclamptic placentae. Therefore, these newly discovered entities may be implicated in the underlying etiology of this disorder.
Measurements of Flow-Induced Anisotropic Thermal Conduction in a Polyisobutylene Melt Following Step Shear Flow (2005)

Flow-induced anisotropic thermal conduction in a polyisobutylene melt subjected to shear deformations is studied experimentally. Time-dependent measurements of the full (four components) thermal diffusivity tensor following step shear strain flow are presented. These data were obtained with a novel experimental setup based on the optical technique of forced Rayleigh scattering. Birefringence and stress measurements are made for the same flow, and the well-known stress−thermal rule is found to be satisfied. Thermal diffusivity data and stress data are used to test directly the stress−thermal rule, which is also satisfied for the two cases considered. Consideration of stress−thermal coefficients from the present and previous studies gives preliminary evidence that flow-induced anisotropic thermal conduction is a universal phenomenon for flexible polymers.
Dynamic Modelling, Simulation and Analysis of an Offshore Variable-Speed Directly-Driven Permanent-Magnet Wind Energy Conversion and Storage System (WECSS) (2007)

This paper presents the modelling, simulation and analysis of a 2 MW variable-speed directly-driven permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind energy conversion and storage system (WECSS). The WECSS model presented consists of a pitch controlled wind turbine directly driving a 2 MW PMSG. The PMSG is connected to a host AC grid network via a controlled full-scale power converter system (PCS). The power converter system comprises of two back-to-back 3-level neutral point clamped (NPC) pulse width modulated (PWM) voltage source converters (VSC) interconnected by a common DC bus. The electrical energy storage system is integrated with the PCS and connected at the DC bus via a full-bridge DC-DC converter. This paper presents a model for the representation of the proposed WECSS in power system dynamic simulation software PSCAD/EMTDC. Simulation results are presented for various changes in wind speed which show the ability of the system to 'smooth' the power output and operate at the optimum coefficient of performance without the need for a wind speed sensor. The WECSS model has been developed in order to facilitate the investigation of the positive impacts of integrated electrical energy storage on stability enhancement of the host AC grid network.
An area-efficient high-speed AES S-box method (2005)

The advanced encryption standard makes repeated use of a performance limiting randomization step, SubBytes, which invokes an S-box logic junction to scramble 8 data inputs. This paper introduces a new method for implementing S-box (and a variant, called T-box) logic functions. The method is as fast as previous methods, but uses only one quarter of the gates of other fast methods. In addition, the method can produce a differential output which helps to speed up downstream exclusive-or logic.
Local Energy Storage and Stochastic Modeling for Ultrafast Charging Stations (2019)

Multi-stall fast charging stations are often thought to require megawatt-range grid connections. The power consumption profile of such stations results in high cost penalties due to monthly power peaks and expensive linkage fees. A local energy storage system (ESS) can be used to address peak power demands. However, no appropriate sizing method is available to match specific constraints, such as the contracted power available from the grid and the projected recharging demand. A stochastic distribution of charging events was used in this paper to model power demand profiles at the station, with a one minute resolution. Based on 100 simulated months, we propose an optimum number of charging points, and we developed an algorithm to return the required local ESS capacity as a function of the available grid connection. The role of ESSs in the range of 100 kWh to 1 MWh was studied for all stations with up to 2000 charging events per week. The relevance of ESS implementation was assessed along three parameters: the number of charging points, the available grid connection, and the ESS capacity. This work opens new possibilities for multi-stall charging station deployment in locations with limited access to the medium voltage grid, and provides sizing guidelines for effective ESSs implementation. In addition, it helps build business cases for charging station operators in regions with high demand charges.
Deodorization and deacidification of edible oils with dense carbon dioxide (1993)

Abstract Near‐critical carbon dioxide shows potential for extraction of free fatty acids, off‐odors or flavors from edible fats and oils. Deacidification and deodorization of a simulated, roasted peanut oil with dense CO 2 was performed at various temperatures, pressures and extraction factors in a pilot‐scale, packed extraction column with an i.d. of 2.86 cm and a height of 162 cm. Pyrazine and its derivatives are major components of roasted peanut aroma. At constant temperature and pressure, the distribution coefficient (m) for pyrazine derivatives was inversely related to the degree of substitution of methyl groups (molecular weight) and boiling point, that is, the solubility was directly related to the compounds volatility. CO 2 fluid‐phase density alone could not explain the equilibrium solubility behavior of either fatty acids or pyrazines. At constant fluid‐phase density, m for pyrazine derivatives decreased with increasing pressure and temperature, while that for fatty acids increased. At 20 MPa pressure, increasing the temperature from 47 to 57°C increased m for pyrazines, but decreased m for fatty acids, indicating that the system was within the retrograde region for fatty acids. Free fatty acid solubility was inversely related to chainlength and, in the supercritical region, directly related to the degree of unsaturation. Deodorization is mass‐transfer‐controlled, and deacidification is thermodynamically constrained. The efficient deodorization and deacidification of an actual crude oil pressed from roasted peanuts was accomplished by extraction with CO 2 at 47°C and 20 MPa. Extraction with carbon dioxide may be particularly useful for deacidifying expensive specialty fats with high initial acidity, or where the quality and purity of the extracted components are of importance.