gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Imaging of NF-κB Activity (2002)

A wide range of human disorders involves inappropriate regulation of NF-kappaB, including cancers and numerous inflammatory conditions. Toward our goal to define mechanisms through which NF-kappaB leads to the development of disease, we have developed transgenic mice that express luciferase under the control of NF-kappaB, enabling real-time in vivo imaging of NF-kappaB activity in intact animals. We show that in the absence of extrinsic stimulation, strong luminescence is evident in lymph nodes in the neck region, thymus, and Peyer's patches. Treating mice with TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha, or LPS increased the luminescence in a tissue-specific manner, with the strongest activity observed in skin, lungs, spleen, Peyer's patches, and the wall of the small intestine. Liver, kidney, heart, muscle, and adipose tissue displayed less intense activities. Also, exposure of skin to a low dose of UV radiation increased luminescence in the exposed areas. Furthermore, induction of chronic inflammation resembling rheumatoid arthritis produced strong NF-kappaB activity in the affected joints, as revealed by in vivo imaging. Thus, we have developed a versatile model for monitoring NF-kappaB activation in vivo.
Analysis of transcriptional regulatory regions in vivo (1998)

Understanding the transcriptional regulation of development and tissue-specific gene expression is a central goal of modern biology. Although the analysis of gene transcription in transfected cultured cells has been essential in establishing many key aspects of this gene control, only analysis in animals can determine developmental timing and cell-specificity of expression within a complex organ and in all the tissues of an animal. The advent of transgenesis made in vivo studies possible. A summary of the in vivo regulatory properties of the pancreas-specific transcriptional enhancer of the rat elastase 1 gene (ELA1) and the role individual elements in this enhancer play in directing high level, cell-specific transcription illustrates the nature, revelations and limitations of transgenic analysis.
The structure of rebel organizations : implications for post-conflict reconstruction (2002)

This Dissemination Note applies organizational dynamics to the study of rebel groups, distinguishing between groups held together by material incentives and groups based on shared identities. The nature of the organizational structure has important implications for the behavior of the group during the conflict, during the negotiation of a peace agreement, and in the processes of demobilization, disarmament, and reintegration.
Coaxial Cylinder Viscometer for Non-Newtonian Fluids (1961)

A complete description is given of a narrow-gapped coaxial cylinder viscometer, particularly designed for applicability to non-Newtonian fluids. Included are details of mechanical construction, torque and speed measuring systems, and operating characteristics.
[Changes in antioxidant capacity of the guinea pig exposed to noise and the protective effect of alpha-lipoic acid against acoustic trauma]. (2003)

The study was aimed at exploring the effect of noise on total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in serum, nitric oxide (NO) level in the cochlea and the protective action of alpha-lipoic acid against noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Sixty guinea pigs (350-400 g) were divided randomly into three groups (control group, noise+saline group and noise+alpha-lipoic acid group). Serum and cochlear tissue were treated immediately after noise exposure (4-kHz octave band, 115 dB SPL 5 h) to determine the level of TAC and NO, respectively. Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were measured before and immediately after exposure. The threshold of hearing in the control group was relatively stable, while the hearing threshold in the noise+saline group was significantly higher than those in the noise+alpha-lipoic acid group (P<0.05). TAC level of the noise+saline group was significantly lower than that of the control group P<0.05 . TAC level of the noise+alpha-lipoic acid group was significantly higher than that of the noise+saline group P<0.05 , while there was no significant difference in the levels between the noise+alpha-lipoic acid group and the control group (P>0.05). The NO level of the cochlear tissue in the noise+saline group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Cochlear NO level in the noise+alpha-lipoic acid group was significantly lower than that of the noise+saline group (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in cochlear NO levels between the noise+alpha-lipoic acid group and the control group (P>0.05). The results obtained indicate that noise exposure causes a decrease in serum TAC and an increase in NO in cochlea. alpha-Lipoid acid exerts a protective effect against hearing loss in acoustic trauma through its antioxidant effects.
An evaluation of supercritical fluid extraction as an analytical tool to determine fat in canola, flax, solin, and mustard (2002)

Abstract Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with carbon dioxide was used to extract oil from soft oilseeds (flax, solin, canola, and mustard). Oil content determinations from the SFE method AOCS Am 3–96, with and without ethanol as a modifier, were compared to results obtained with an exhaustive extraction using petroleum ether (FOSFA as in AOCS Am 2–93). Without the modifier, oil recoveries using SFE were 10 to 15% lower than oil contents by the FOSFA method for the flax and canola samples. For mustard, the oil recoveries by SFE were about 20 to 30% lower than oil contents by the FOSFA method. In the presence of the modifier, oil recoveries for flax and canola were about 3% lower than the FOSFA recoveries. Varying the time, temperature, and amount of modifier (ethanol) showed that recoveries increased with time, pressure, temperature, and amount of modifier independently of the oilseeds tested. Kinetics of the SFE extraction showed that the oil recoveries increased with the extraction time and reached a plateau after 60 min. Multiple extractions (2×30 min), however, gave better recoveries than a single extraction for the same amount of time (60 min). The best results were obtained using multiple extractions without modifier or a combination of multiple extractions first without and then with 15% modifier. Under these last two conditions, oil recoveries were close to 100% for flax, solin, and canola, but mustard oil recoveries were still 10% lower than recoveries using the FOSFA method. Mustard samples gave the lowest oil recovery from SFE when compared to FOSFA method recoveries whatever conditions were tested, suggesting a matrix effect on the oil recovery. The acyl lipid content of the various extracts was studied using the sum of all FA expressed as TAG as a measure of acyl lipid extraction. The acyl lipid contents of the extracts were close to 100% when no modifier was used during the SFE. In the presence of modifier, the acyl lipid contents of the extracts were 10 to 15% lower than the results obtained without modifier. The amount of acyl lipid in the extract decreased as the quantity of modifier increased. This suggests that increasing the ethanol modifier increased the amount of polar compounds extracted without significantly increasing the total amount of lipids. The FA profiles were constant throughout the various extraction procedures.
Optical loss estimation in a Bragg fiber (2007)

We present the fiber loss estimation, contour loss curves, and fiber loss spectra for the TE0μ mode transmission in a Bragg fiber; numerical results are especially focused on the TE01 mode. A fiber loss of the order of 0.01-0.1dB/km can be achieved using cladding material of 10 dB/km in loss. The loss of the hollow core fiber is simply formulated in terms of the constituting cladding losses, fiber structural parameters, and operation wavelength λ0 under the quarter-wave stack (QWS) condition. It is effective for decreasing the loss of the cladding lower-index layer to get a low-loss Bragg fiber. The fiber loss is minimized at an optimum cladding lower-index nb,opt. The nb,opt can be expressed by n∞b,opt, which is a function of cladding higher-index na, core index nc, and cladding layer loss ratio for a sufficiently large value of normalized core radius, rc/λ0, under the QWS condition. The optimized fiber loss is inversely proportional to the product of (na−nc)3/2 and (rc/λ0)3 for a sufficiently large rc/λ0.
Activity Recognition with Evolving Data Streams (2018)

Activity recognition aims to provide accurate and opportune information on people’s activities by leveraging sensory data available in today’s sensory rich environments. Nowadays, activity recognition has become an emerging field in the areas of pervasive and ubiquitous computing. A typical activity recognition technique processes data streams that evolve from sensing platforms such as mobile sensors, on body sensors, and/or ambient sensors. This article surveys the two overlapped areas of research of activity recognition and data stream mining. The perspective of this article is to review the adaptation capabilities of activity recognition techniques in streaming environment. Categories of techniques are identified based on different features in both data streams and activity recognition. The pros and cons of the algorithms in each category are analysed, and the possible directions of future research are indicated.
Properties of the FhuA channel in the Escherichia coli outer membrane after deletion of FhuA portions within and outside the predicted gating loop (1996)

Escherichia coli transports Fe3+ as a ferrichrome complex through the outer membrane in an energy-dependent process mediated by the FhuA protein. A FhuA deletion derivative lacking residues 322 to 355 (FhuA delta322-355) forms a permanently open channel through which ferrichrome diffused. This finding led to the concept that the FhuA protein forms a closed channel that is opened by input of energy derived from the electrochemical potential across the cytoplasmic membrane, mediated by the Ton system. In this study, we constructed various FhuA derivatives containing deletions inside and outside the gating loop. FhuA delta322-336 bound ferrichrome and displayed a residual Ton-dependent ferrichrome transport activity. FhuA delta335-355 no longer bound ferrichrome but supported ferrichrome diffusion through the outer membrane in the absence of the Ton system. FhuA delta335-355 rendered cells sensitive to sodium dodecyl sulfate and supported diffusion of maltotetraose and maltopentaose in a lamB mutant lacking the maltodextrin-specific channel in the outer membrane. Cells expressing FhuA delta70-223, which has a large deletion outside the gating loop, were highly sensitive to sodium dodecyl sulfate and grew on maltodextrins but showed only weak ferrichrome uptake, suggesting formation of a nonspecific pore through the outer membrane. FhuA delta457-479 supported Ton-dependent uptake of ferrichrome. None of these FhuA deletion derivatives formed pores in black lipid membranes with a stable single-channel conductance. Rather, the conductance displayed a high degree of current noise, indicating a substantial influence of the deletions on the conformation of the FhuA protein. FhuA also supports infection by the phages T1, T5, and phi80 and renders cells sensitive to albomycin and colicin M. Cells expressing FhuA delta322-336 were sensitive to albomycin and colicin M but were only weakly sensitive to T5 and phi480 and insensitive to T1. Cells expressing FhuA delta335-355 were resistant to all FhuA ligands. These results indicate different structural requirements within the gating loop for the various FhuA ligands. Cells expressing FhuA delta457-479 displayed a strongly reduced sensitivity to all FhuA ligands, while cells expressing FhuA delta70-223 were rather sensitive to all FhuA ligands except albomycin, to which they were nearly resistant. It is concluded that residues 335 to 355 mainly determine the properties of the gate with regard to FhuA permeability and ligand binding.
The Tau Method for Inversion of Travel Times--II Earthquake Data (1976)

Further development of the theory and practice of the method for solving the inverse problem of seismology suggested in Bessonova et al. is described in this paper. The problem is formulated as follows: the travel times of body waves are given at a discrete set of points, and we are required to find in the (V, Y) plane (V is the velocity and Y is the depth) the closed area which contains all velocity-depth curves corresponding to the given data. A spherically symmetric model is assumed and a lower limit for the velocity in the low velocity zones is postulated. The method is based on the use of the function z(p) = T ( p ) -p X ( p ) , p being the ray parameter, T the travel time, and X the epicentral distance. A new formula which expresses the velocity-depth curve in terms of the function r(p) is used to construct the required area. A statistical method of interpretation allows us to construct the confidence region which contains the velocity-depth curve at a given confidence level. Application of the method is illustrated using earthquake data to investigate the velocity distribution in the mantle.
Low-temperature electronics (1990)

An overview of semiconductor-based and superconductor-based low-temperature electronics is presented. The general issues of reliability and thermal expansion mismatch are discussed. The discussion of semiconductor electronics starts with a description of a cryogenic supercomputer, the ETA, and then covers devices and materials, noise and applications to signal processing for sensors. Superconductor electronics is then discussed, including signal processing, digital systems, and oscillating junctions. The success of electronics with small numbers of Josephson junctions and the outlook for higher-temperature operation are addressed. Hybrid applications, combining semiconductor and superconductor technologies at the device, circuit, or system level, are examined, highlighting the problems of electrical interfacing and interconnections.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The continental crust: Its composition and evolution (1985)

Graduates in geology, geochemistry and geophysics will find this book a valuable reference text. The book begins by describing the known composition of the present upper crust, then deals with possible compositions for the total crust and the inferred composition of the lower crust. The question of the uniformity of crustal composition throughout geological time is discussed, the rate of growth of the crust and the effects of extraction of the crust on mantle compositions are considered. Finally, the question of early pre-geological crusts on Earth is debated and comparisons are given with crusts on the Moon, Mercury, Mars, Venus and the Galilean Satellites. (From book cover)
Escherichia coli single-strand binding protein organizes single-stranded DNA in nucleosome-like units. (1982)

Electron microscopy shows that complexes of the single-strand DNA binding protein (SSB) of Escherichia coli and phage fd DNA appear as beaded fiber loops containing an average of 38 beads, 1 per 170 bases of DNA. Extensive digestion of native unfixed SSB-fd DNA complexes with micrococcal nuclease reveals a protected DNA fragment of 145 bases, while shorter digestion periods result in a sequence of fragments in multiples of 160 +/- 25 bases. Digestion of these complexes with DNase I produces a repeating pattern of bands, multiples of approximately 15 bases with strong bands at 60, 105, 118, 130, 145, 150, and 210 bases. Isopycnic banding in CsCl solution yields densities of 1.272 and 1.700 g/ml, respectively, for SSB alone and for fd DNA and, after fixation, of 1.388 g/ml for fd DNA-SSB beaded fibers and 1.373 g/ml for the individual protein-DNA beads. Based on these data and the molecular weights of SSB and fd DNA, we suggest that the nucleoprotein chain consists of eight molecules of SSB bound to 145 bases of DNA, with these units linked by roughly 30 bases of protein-free DNA. The excellent concord between results obtained by enzyme digestion of unfixed native samples and, after fixation, by electron microscopy and density banding supports the conclusion that SSB organizes single-stranded DNA in a manner similar to the organization of duplex DNA by histones.
A Distributed Infrastructure for Democratic Cloud Federations (2017)

Cloud federation is a novel concept that has been drawing attention from research and industry. However, there is a lack of solid proposal that can be widely adopted in practice to guarantee adequate governance of federations, especially in the Public Sector contexts due to legal requirements. In this paper, we propose an innovative governance approach that ensures distributed and democratic control in cloud federations. Starting from FaaS, a recent cloud federation proposal, we propose a blockchain infrastructure for the federation registry that implements the proposed governance approach.
γ‐Secretase inhibitors and modulators for Alzheimer’s disease (2011)

γ-Secretase is a membrane embedded aspartyl protease complex with presenilin as the catalytic component. Along with β-secretase, this enzyme produces the amyloid β-protein of Alzheimer's disease (AD) from the amyloid β-protein precursor. Because of its key role in the pathogenesis of AD, γ-secretase has been a prime target for drug discovery, and many inhibitors of this protease have been developed. The therapeutic potential of these inhibitors is virtually negated by the fact that γ-secretase is an essential part of the Notch signaling pathway, rendering the compounds unacceptably toxic upon chronic exposure. However, these compounds have served as useful chemical tools for biological investigations. In contrast, γ-secretase modulators continue to be of keen interest as possible AD therapeutics. These modulators either shift amyloid β-protein production to shorter, less pathogenic peptides or inhibit the proteolysis of amyloid β-protein precursor selectively compared to that of Notch. The various chemical types of inhibitors and modulators will be discussed, along with their use as probes for basic biology and their potential as AD therapeutics.
A New Coupled Catalytic System for Dihydroxylation of Olefins by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA New Coupled Catalytic System for Dihydroxylation of Olefins by H2O2Katarina Bergstad, Sandra Y. Jonsson, and Jan-E. BäckvallView Author Information Department of Organic Chemistry, Uppsala University Box 531, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 44, 10424–10425Publication Date (Web):October 23, 1999Publication History Received24 May 1999Published online23 October 1999Published inissue 1 November 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja991710bhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja991710brapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1269Altmetric-Citations100LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Diols,Flavins,Hydrocarbons,Oxidation,Oxides Get e-Alerts
Drought in the Late ‘80s: Predictions and Policies (1988)

A depressingly long time ago I worked with geographers Arey, Baumann, and Kates on the very severe drought that hit the northeastern United States in the mid1960s (roughly the 1963-1966 water years). Because of the nature of the area affected, this was principally a problem for municipal water supply systems, and we concentrated our efforts on developing long-range capacity planning tools for such systems. These planning rules of thumb took advantage of the lessons of this 1,000-year event--especially the evidence on the size of resulting losses. In the process of our background research and interviews we were heavily exposed to the view that the only acceptable drought loss is zero, and that water storage should be large enough to make expected losses (though this technical term was not used) as close to zero as physical site availability would allow.
DO Control System Based on PID Control Algorithm for Aquaculture (2013)

Improving process control in aquaculture can reduce costs and increase the effectiveness of operations. DO (dissolved oxygen) is necessary for the growth and metabolism of fish. This paper designs a system based on PID control algorithm to make real-time DO monitoring and controlling in closed aquaculture system. It can real-time monitor environmental parameters such as PH, DO, temperature, and the height of water. In addition, it can control DO in time. According to the actual changes of DO, the frequency converter automatically controls the aerator’s work. The overall structure design of the system software and hardware are introduced in detail, followed by control scheme, principle and experiment results of the system. The experiment indicates that the relative error of sensor’s measuring DO is controlled in ±1.3% and DO content variations is stabilized within ±0.4 mg/L. The system has the feature of safety control, simple circuit, low cost and high real time.
High brightness GaAlAs heterojunction red LED's (1981)

GaAlAs single heterojunctions are shown to be very efficient red light-emitting diodes (LED's). The high electron injection efficiency, high luminescence internal quantum efficiency (excellent material electronic quality), and low absorption lead to a high external quantum efficiency of electroluminescence (1 percent at 650 nm for uncoated devices). The absence of saturation of the brightness at high current densities allows the use of these GaAlAs LED's at high current pulses (for displays, screens) as well as at low CW current (low power consumption LED's).
A Formal Structure of Separation of Duty and Trust in Modelling Delegation Policy (2011)

There are considerable number of approaches to policy specification both for security management and policy driven network management purposes as reported in [20]. This specification sort security policies into two basic types: authorization and obligation policies. Most of the researches in security policies specification over the years focus on authorization policy modelling. In this paper, we report our approach in the design and Modelling of obligation Policy as delegation in information security by considering separation of duty and trust as pre-requisite conditions for delegation. The formal structures of the Delegation models developed was adapted from the Mathematical structures of Separation of duty (both Static and Dynamic SoD) in RBAC environment as described in [8] and [16]. Three factors of Properties, Experiences and Recommendation as described in [22] were used for the Trust Modelling. Future works proposed include the development of a formal model for revocation after delegation and integration of appropriate authorization policy with the model.