gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radiation-chemical degradation of cellulose and other polysaccharides (1998)

Results of studies on the radiation-chemical transformations of cellulose, its ethers, and some other polysaccharides (xylan, starch, dextran, chitin, chitosan, and heparin) are discussed. Ionising radiation causes the degradation of these compounds accompanied by decomposition of the pyranose ring and formation of compounds with carbonyl and carboxy groups, as well as formation of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide. The efficiency of degradation increases considerably with temperature and depends on the structure of the polysaccharide and the nature of its substituents. A mechanism of the radiation-chemical transformations of cellulose and other polysaccharides is suggested. The prospects of using radiation-chemical methods for processing of cellulose and other polysaccharides in industry and agriculture are considered. The bibliography includes 213 references.
Flow cytometric method for simultaneous assay of foetal haemoglobin containing red cells, reticulocytes and foetal haemoglobin containing reticulocytes (2001)

Level of foetal haemoglobin (HbF) containing red cells (F cells) is a parameter for monitoring sickle cell anaemia (SS) patients undergoing treatment with HbF modulating drugs (including hydroxyurea (HU)). One convenient technique for F cell assay is flow cytometry. A flow cytometric method for the simultaneous assay of F cells, reticulocytes and HbF-containing reticulocytes (F reticulocytes) is described in this paper. These three parameters can be obtained within 2 h using double colour staining flow cytometry. Glutaraldehyde fixation, Triton X-100 permeabilization, monoclonal antibody to HbF Tri-colour conjugate (MoAb-HbF-TC; deep-red fluorescence) immuno-staining and thiazole orange (TO; green fluorescence) are employed. The red cell gate was set on forward scatter (FSC) and logarithmic side scatter (logSSC) for 50 000 cells on the flow cytometer. Fluorescent signals were acquired from fluorescent channel 1 (FL1; green) and (FL4; deep-red). Coefficient of variation percent (%CVs) of intra- and inter-assay were less than 9% and 15%, respectively. EDTA, citrate, heparin and CTAD anticoagulants are all suitable; the samples can be stored at 4 degrees C for up to 6 days. The method is a simple, rapid, convenient, reproducible and useful way of determining F cell, reticulocyte and F reticulocyte levels in sickle cell and thalassaemic patients.
Nutritional supplement chromium picolinate causes sterility and lethal mutations in<i>Drosophila</i><i>melanogaster</i> (2003)

The nutritional dietary supplement chromium picolinate, [Cr(pic)(3)], has gained much notoriety as a safe supplement that supposedly promotes fat loss and muscle enhancement in humans. Thus, a significant industry has materialized around the incorporation of [Cr(pic)(3)] in many sports foods and drinks and a variety of weight loss products. However, in vitro studies have suggested that low levels of [Cr(pic)(3)] in the presence of biological reducing agents can catalytically generate reactive oxygen species, and recent in vivo studies have detected oxidative damage in rats receiving the supplement. The potential deleterious in vivo effects of this activity were examined by using Drosophila melanogaster. [Cr(pic)(3)], but not CrCl(3), at levels of 260 microg Crkg food or less were found to lower the success rate of pupation and eclosion and to arrest development of pupae in a concentration dependent fashion. X-linked lethal analysis indicates that the supplement greatly enhances the rate of appearance of lethal mutations and dominant female sterility.
Photonic decomposition of ultrafine, rutile phased TiO<sub>2</sub>powder in aqueous 4-chlorophenol solutions (2005)

The redox properties of a homogeneously precipitated TiO2 rutile powder with a BET surface area of ∼200 m 2 g −1 ,c onsisting of acicular primary particles, were characterized usin ga photocatalytic reaction in aqueous 4-chlorophenol, Cu- and Pb-EDTA solutions under ultraviolet irradiation. Results were compared to those of commercial P25 TiO2 powder with spherical primary particles as well as those of home-made anatase TiO2 powder with ∼200 m 2 g −1 BET surface area. Here, the anatase powder also includes mainly the primary particles very similar to the acicular shapes of the rutile TiO2 powder. The rutile powder showed the fastest decomposition rate and the largest amount of product in the photoredox, compared with the anatase or P25 powder, while the anatase powder unexpectedly showed the slowes tr at ea nd the smallest amount in the same experiments regardless of having almost the same surface area. The excellent photoredox abilities of this rutile powder appear to be due to a specific powder preparation method, for example a homogeneous precipitation leading to direct crystallization from the solution, regardless of their crystalline structures, even when the powders have similar particle shapes and surface areas. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
What is Solvatochromism? (2010)

Solvatochromism is commonly used in many fields of chemical and biological research to study bulk and local polarity in macrosystems (membranes, etc.), or even the conformation and binding of proteins. Despite its wide use, solvatochromism still remains a largely unknown phenomenon due to the extremely complex coupling of many different interactions and dynamical processes which characterize it. In this study we analyze the influence of different solvents on the photophysical properties of selected charge-transfer probes (4-AP, PRODAN, and FR0). The purpose is to achieve a microscopic understanding of the intermolecular effects which govern the absorption and fluorescence properties of solvated molecular probes, such as solvent-induced structural modifications, polarization effects, solubility, solute-solvent hydrogen-bonding interactions, and solute aggregation. To this aim we have exploited a time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) approach coupled to complementary solvation approaches (continuum, discrete and mixed discrete and continuum). Such an integration has allowed us to clearly disentangle the complex interplay between specific and nonspecific interactions of the solvent with the probes and show that strong H-bonding effects not only can lead to large solvatochromic shifts but also can affect the nature of the emitting species with resulting reduction of the quantum yield.
The effect of relative humidity gradient on water vapor permeance of lipid and lipid‐hydrocolloid bilayer films (1992)

The water vapor (WV) permeance of lipid and lipid‐hydrocolloid films exposed to relative humidity (RH) gradients of 100–0%, 100–50%, 100–65% and 100–80% RH were determined. The lipids used were beeswax (BW) or a blend of BW and acetylated monoglycerides (AG). Hydrocolloids used were methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose or ethylcellulose (EC). All films, except those containing EC, exhibited increased water vapor permeance as the RH gradient was reduced by raising the low‐end RH. This increase in permeance was apparently caused by hydration and swelling across the entire film thickness, thus facilitating water movement through the film. Because of its hydrophobicity, EC likely lessened this swelling. Knowledge of the WV properties of edible films at relatively small gradients in the upper half of the RH spectrum, such as those used in this study, is useful because these conditions are far more common to foods than are the 100–0% gradients that are often used when evaluating films. Even though the WV permeance of BW and BW/AG films increased greatly at the 100–80% RH gradient, as compared to gradients ranging from 100–65% to 100–0%, they still possess WV barrier properties sufficient to be useful for foods.
Transcription factors and regulation of photosynthetic and related metabolism under environmental stresses (2008)

Many TFs, belonging to different families (e.g. MYB, bZIP and DREB), have been related to abiotic stress responses; however, only a few are known to regulate the expression of photosynthesis-related genes in response to stress. Several TFs belonging to the MYB family play an important role in both stomatal and non-stomatal responses by regulation of stomatal numbers and sizes, and metabolic components, respectively. To obtain more insight into this area of potentially large agronomic impact, it is essential to identify and functionally characterize new TFs that mediate the stress responses regulating the expression of genes associated with photosynthesis and related metabolism.
Suppression of Peptide Sample Losses in Autosampler Vials (2013)

Protein or peptide sample losses could accompany all steps of the proteomic analysis workflow. We focused on suppression of sample adsorptive losses during sample storage in autosampler vials. We examined suppression capabilities of six different sample injection solutions and seven types of autosampler vial surfaces using a model sample (tryptic digest of six proteins, 1 fmol per protein). While the vial material did not play an essential role, the choice of appropriate composition of sample injection solution reduced adsorptive losses substantially. The combination of a polypropylene vial and solution of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (0.001%) or a mixture of high concentrated urea and thiourea (6 M and 1 M) as injection solutions (both acidified with formic acid (FA) (0.1%)) provided the best results in terms of number of significantly identified peptides (p < 0.05). These conclusions were confirmed by analyses of a real sample with intermediate complexity (in-gel digest from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)). Addition of PEG into the real sample solution proved to prevent higher losses, concerning mainly hydrophobic peptides, during up to 48 h storage in the autosampler in comparison with a formic acid solution and even with a solution of highly concentrated urea and thiourea. Using PEG for several months was not accompanied by any adverse effect to the liquid chromatography system.
Data sonification and sound visualization (1999)

Sound can help us explore and analyze complex data sets in scientific computing. The authors describe a digital instrument for additive sound synthesis (Diass) and a program to visualize sounds in a virtual reality environment (M4Cave). Both are part of a comprehensive music composition environment that includes additional software for computer-assisted composition and automatic music notation.
Sleep transistor sizing through a path search and power gating considering delay for reducing leakage power (2010)

In this paper, the power gating using a cluster-based MTCMOS(Multi-Threshold CMOS) technique is proposed. MTCMOS can efficiently reduce the leakage current when a circuit is in the standby state. The proposed method considers the transition frequency of gates which represents how frequently a part of circuit is used and the path information of gates to optimize the size of sleep transistor. The method is experimented with Nangate freePDK 45nm model library on various circuits. The results were compared with ST-free design which does not use the sleep transistor and the previous method which does not consider the path information and transition frequency of circuit. The result shows that the new method in this thesis was 75% more effective than ST-free structure and 5.3% more effective than previous method on the average for reduction of leakage power. In addition, the reduction of sleep transistor area was 28.3%.
TOPOGRAPHICAL ANATOMY OF THE POSTERIOR COLUMNS OF THE SPINAL CORD IN MAN (1984)

Nine cases are presented which illustrate the segmental anatomy of the posterior columns with respect to the long ascending fibres. It is concluded that the fasciculus gracilis (FG) and the fasciculus cuneatus (FC) should be considered as separate anatomical entities. It is shown that the shape of each fasciculus is different in, and characteristic of, each of the upper thoracic and cervical segments. A certain degree of segmental lamination is present in the FG, but with extensive overlapping of fibres from different segments. The orientation of the laminae is not the same in all segments, being very approximately parallel to the medial border of the posterior horn in most caudal segments, approximately parallel to the median septum in intermediate segments, and oblique in an anteromedial posterolateral direction in cranial sections. The pattern of lamination in the FC and the degree of overlapping of fibres resembles that in the caudal FG. There is no, or minimal, overlapping of fibres of the FC with those of the FG. The most medial fibres of the FC, lying along the lateral border of the FG, are in proximity with fibres, in that fasciculus, from many different segments.
Dynamic security-constrained rescheduling of power systems using trajectory sensitivities (2003)

In the deregulated environment of power systems, the transmission networks are often operated close to their maximum capacity to achieve transfer of power. Besides, the operators must operate the system to satisfy its dynamic stability constraints under credible contingencies. This paper provides a method using trajectory sensitivity to reschedule power generation to ensure system stability for a set of credible contingencies while satisfying its economic goal. System modeling issue is not a limiting concern in this method, and hence, the technique can be used as a preventive control scheme for system operators in real time.
Mechanical design and control of the new 7-DOF CyberMotion simulator (2011)

This paper describes the mechanical and control design of the new 7-DOF CyberMotion Simulator, a redundant industrial manipulator arm consisting of a standard 6 DOF anthropomorphic manipulator plus an actuated cabin attached to the end-effector. Contrarily to Stewart platforms, an industrial manipulator offers several advantages when used as motion simulator: larger motion envelope, higher dexterity, and possibility to realize any end-effector posture within the workspace. In addition to this, the new actuated cabin acts as an additional joint and provides the needed kinematic redundancy to cope with the robot actuator and joint range constraints, which in general can significantly deteriorate the desired motion cues the robot is reproducing. In particular, we will show that, by suitably exploiting the redundancy better results can be obtained in reproducing sustained acceleration cues, a relevant problem when implementing vehicle simulators.
Interaction of cholesterol‐conjugated alkylating oligonucleotide derivatives with cellular biopolymers (1992)

Interactions of oligonucleotide derivatives with mammalian cells and cellular biopolymers have been investigated. The derivatives were oligonucleotides bearing an alkylating 2-chloroethylamino group at the 3'-end and a cholesterol residue at the 5'-terminal phosphate. These compounds are readily taken up by cells and react with cellular DNA, RNA and some proteins which may play a role in delivery of the compounds into cells.
Deep Quaternion Networks (2018)

The field of deep learning has seen significant advancement in recent years. However, much of the existing work has been focused on real-valued numbers. Recent work has shown that a deep learning system using the complex numbers can be deeper for a fixed parameter budget compared to its real-valued counterpart. In this work, we explore the benefits of generalizing one step further into the hyper-complex numbers, quaternions specifically, and provide the architecture components needed to build deep quaternion networks. We develop the theoretical basis by reviewing quaternion convolutions, developing a novel quaternion weight initialization scheme, and developing novel algorithms for quaternion batch-normalization. These pieces are tested in a classification model by end-to-end training on the CIFAR -10 and CIFAR -100 data sets and a segmentation model by end-to-end training on the KITTI Road Segmentation data set. These quaternion networks show improved convergence compared to real-valued and complex-valued networks, especially on the segmentation task, while having fewer parameters.
High performance encapsulant for light-emitting diodes (LEDs) by a sol–gel derived hydrogen siloxane hybrid (2012)

The hydrosilylation reaction is a dominant curing method for the light-emitting diode (LED) silicone encapsulant, which requires characteristics of high transparency, high refractive index, and thermal stability against the LED junction temperature. In this research, we synthesized a hydrogen containing oligosiloxane resin through non-hydrolytic sol–gel condensation. Methyldiethoxysilane (MDES) and diphenylsilanediol (DPSD) were used as precursors and a non-hydrolytic sol–gel condensation reaction was performed under acidic conditions. The synthesized hydrogen oligosiloxane resin was mixed with a phenyl and vinyl containing oligosiloxane (PVO) resin, which was prepared by a sol–gel condensation between vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) and the DPSD. This blended solution was cured at 150 °C for 4 hours to complete the hydrosilylation reaction. The cured material (phenyl hybrimer) shows low shrinkage during the curing reaction and provides excellent transparency (∼90% at 450 nm) and thermal stability (440 °C) with a high refractive index (n = 1.58 at 632.8 nm).
Towards a Secure Trust Model for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks Services (2011)

In Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET), trust establishment among vehicles is important to secure applications' integrity and reliability. In general, trust levels can be evaluated by monitoring the behavior of neighboring nodes and their generated messages based on events. However, obstacles can create a case of None Line of Sight (NLOS), which will interrupt direct communication among vehicles and prevent vehicles from properly monitoring their neighboring nodes. In this paper, we propose a trust evaluation model based on location information and verification in a NLOS condition. The model provides a trust attribute for applications and services to evaluate their own trust levels. Simulation results showed improvement in neighborhood awareness and success rate of message delivery under the effect of moving obstacles.
Environmental indicators for agriculture: overview in OECD countries. (1999)

This chapter provides an overview of OECD work on agri-environmental indicators. It emphasizes the need to evaluate the impact of policy measures, both harmful and beneficial, to the environment, landscape and biodiversity. Indicators should guide governments and other users in their efforts to improve targeting of agricultural and environmental programmes and to monitor and assess policies.
ANTIGENIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MATT HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI AND THEIR GLOSSY VARIANTS (1928)

The matt and the glossy forms of four strains of hemolytic streptococci were used to immunize rabbits. Precipitin tests showed that rabbit sera prepared against matt organisms, whether virulent or avirulent for mice, contained type-specific antibody while sera prepared against completely degraded glossy organisms contained no type-specific antibody. Type-specific antibody was removed from the sera by absorption with homologous matt organisms but was unaffected by absorption with homologous glossy organisms. Passive protection experiments on mice showed that anti-matt sera were protective and anti-glossy sera non-protective against infection with homologous virulent organisms. Vaccination of mice with matt organisms rendered them immune to subsequent infection with homologous virulent cultures; but vaccination with glossy organisms established no active immunity.
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF): An Overview (2018)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial lung disease characterised by chronic, progressive scarring of the lungs and the pathological hallmark of usual interstitial pneumonia. Current paradigms suggest alveolar epithelial cell damage is a key initiating factor. Globally, incidence of the disease is rising, with associated high morbidity, mortality, and economic healthcare burden. Diagnosis relies on a multidisciplinary team approach with exclusion of other causes of interstitial lung disease. Over recent years, two novel antifibrotic therapies, pirfenidone and nintedanib, have been developed, providing treatment options for many patients with IPF, with several other agents in early clinical trials. Current efforts are directed at identifying key biomarkers that may direct more customized patient-centred healthcare to improve outcomes for these patients in the future.
Exploiting Affinity Propagation for Energy-Efficient Information Discovery in Sensor Networks (2008)

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are attractive for information gathering in large-scale data rich environments. Emerging WSN applications require dissemination of information to interested clients within the network requiring support for differing traffic patterns. Further, in-network query processing capabilities are required for autonomic information discovery. In this paper, we formulate the information discovery problem as a load-balancing problem, with the combined aim being to maximize network lifetime and minimize query processing delay. We propose novel methods for data dissemination, information discovery and data aggregation that are designed to provide significant QoS benefits. We make use of affinity propagation to group "similar" sensors and have developed efficient mechanisms that can resolve both ALL-type and ANY-type queries in-network with improved energy-efficiency and query resolution time. Simulation results prove the proposed method(s) of information discovery offer significant QoS benefits for ALL-type and ANY-type queries in comparison to previous approaches.
Magnetic particles in the lateral line of the Atlantic salmon ( <i>Salmo salar</i> L.) (1990)

Abstract Magnetization measurements with a superconducting quantum inference device magnetometer of various tissues of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) have shown the presence of magnetic material associated with the lateral line. The data suggest that the material is magnetite and of a size suitable for magnetoreception. Magnetic particles were isolated from the lateral line and nerve tissue, which have characteristics suggesting that the material is magnetite and of biogenic origin. The magnetic particles and their association with the lateral line are discussed in relation to their possible role in allowing the salmon to orientate with respect to the geomagnetic field during the high-seas phase of their migration.
New reflective symmetry design capability in the JPL-IDEAS Structure Optimization Program (1986)

The JPL-IDEAS antenna structure analysis and design optimization computer program was modified to process half structure models of symmetric structures subjected to arbitrary external static loads, synthesize the performance, and optimize the design of the full structure. Significant savings in computation time and cost (more than 50%) were achieved compared to the cost of full model computer runs. The addition of the new reflective symmetry analysis design capabilities to the IDEAS program allows processing of structure models whose size would otherwise prevent automated design optimization. The new program produced synthesized full model iterative design results identical to those of actual full model program executions at substantially reduced cost, time, and computer storage.