gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal recursive fusion estimator for asynchronous system (2009)

Estimation fusion for multisensor asynchronous sampling system is currently a hot subject of research. Under the assumption with independent and uncorrelated noises, some asynchronous fusion algorithms have been provided. Unfortunately, the general optimal solution with real-time update performance in Linear Minimum Mean Square Error (LMMSE) hasn't been given up to now. Simultaneously, it is difficult to design the optimal recursive asynchronous fusion estimator with cross-correlated noises under centralized frame and the research progress is slow. Aiming at this problem, an optimal and general recursive fusion estimator for this kind of multisensor asynchronous sampling system with cross-correlated noises is proposed by use of a universal effective noises decorrelation technology in this paper. The proposed asynchronous fusion estimator not only is optimal in LMMSE, but also can archive the best real-time running performance. Additionally, it can also be even applied to the “Out-Of-Sequence” Measurements (OOSM) system. Theoretic analysis and simulation both show the validity and superiority of this fusion estimator.
CART Regression Models for Predicting UV Radiation at the Ground in the Presence of Cloud and Other Environmental Factors (1997)

The goal was to build models for predicting ground-level biologically weighted ultraviolet radiation (UV index, shortened to UV here) that would not require substantial execution time in weather and climate models and yet be reasonably accurate. Recent advances in modeling data make this goal possible. UV data computed from Brewer spectrophotometer measurements at Toronto were matched with observed meteorological predictors for 1989–93. Data were stratified into three sets by solar zenith angle 70° and time between 1000 and 1400 LST. Stepwise linear regression (SLR) and CART (nonlinear) tree-based regression models were built for UV and N(UV) (ratio: observed UV to clear-sky UV). CART models required fewer predictors to achieve minimum error, and that minimum was lower than SLR. For zenith angle less than 70° CART regression models were superior to SLR by 5%–10% error after regression. The CART model had 31% relative error (ratio: estimated mean-squared error after regression to sample variance) and three predictors: total opacity, liquid precipitation, and snow cover. Including five next predictors decreased error only another 1%. For zenith angle 70° or greater, SLR could not produce a useful model, whereas CART gave a model with 15% relative error using three predictors. Total opacity is by far the most important predictor throughout. Snow cover enhances UV at the ground by 11%–13% even in cloudy conditions, but its relative influence decreases with zenith angle. For general use at other locations models with as few predictors as possible are desirable. CART models with 34%–35% relative error were built with three predictors: total opacity, zenith angle, and clear-sky UV. Tests were done at 11 stations for several months in 1995. Averaged root-mean-squared discrepancy between predicted and observed UV is reduced about 40% when observed opacity is used for the CART prediction compared to using clear-sky UV. When an 18-h forecast opacity is used the reduction is about 25%. Improvement over clear-sky UV is substantially greater than this on cloudy days. Thus, CART three-predictor models for N(UV) can be used poleward of Toronto in a variety of cloud conditions in analysis or forecast modes. A predictor representing smoke from forest fires was not included. Several cases during the test period showed clear-sky UV was reduced by smoke 30%–50% near to the fires and 20%–30% far downwind.
Decarbonation Behavior of Mg-Al-CO<sub>3</sub> Hydrotalcite-like Compounds during Heat Treatment (1995)

Abstract Historically, the decarbonation of Mg-Al-CO 3 hydrotalcite-like compounds (HTlc) has been thought to occur between 400° and 500°C. The present work demonstrates that when HTlcs having the maximum Al content, Al/(Al + Mg) = 0.33, are heated to 500°C, 20–30% of the carbonates remain. The evolution of the remaining carbonates was observed as two maxima, at 600 and 900°C At these temperatures, Al ions go into MgO, and spinel (MgAl 2 O 4 ) forms. Therefore, the carbonates are released as the Al ions migrate. At a lower Al content, Al/(Al + Mg) = 0.25, CO 2 evolution is almost complete at 500°C. This HTlc has no maximum of CO 2 evolution above 500°C. Lower charge densities, due to lower Al contents, lead to lower amounts of remaining carbonate anions.
The role of sphingolipids in respiratory disease (2011)

Sphingolipids form a broad class of lipids with diverse functions ranging from membrane constituents to intracellular second messengers and extracellular mediators. They can be rapidly generated or converted into each other and they play pivotal roles in various cellular processes, many of which are broadly associated with inflammation and apoptosis. Among the numerous sphingolipids, ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) have received the greatest attention. Ceramide is a hydrophobic molecule that is increased in the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Ceramide is the eponym for ceramide-rich membrane platforms. that need to form as a prerequisite to the uptake of several microorganisms including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and as a prerequisite to many signaling processes including apoptosis and increased vascular permeability. Accordingly, abnormal amounts of enzymes involved in the synthesis of ceramide, such as neutral or acid sphingomyelinase, are found in emphysematic smokers and in patients with severe sepsis, and are considered as novel pharmacological targets. S1P acts as an extracellular mediator that opposes several actions of ceramide and acts by binding to G-protein coupled S1P receptors (S1P(1)-S1P(5)). Of particular interest are S1P(1) receptors that enhance vascular barrier functions and are antiapoptotic. Therefore, S1P(1)-receptor ligands are suggested as novel drugs for COPD and acute lung injury. S1P is a potent chemotaxin for many leukocytes, it organizes lymphocyte trafficking and is involved in several key symptoms of asthma such as airway hyperresponsiveness and pulmonary eosinophil sequestration. S1P is formed by sphingosine kinases that have been identified as possible drug targets for the treatment of asthma. Based on these findings, several new drugs have recently been developed to specifically target sphingomyelinases, sphingosine kinases and S1P receptors for the treatment of COPD, cystic fibrosis, asthma and acute lung injury.
Vanadium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Sulfoxidation and Concomitant, Highly Efficient Kinetic Resolution Provide High Enantioselectivity and Acceptable Yields of Sulfoxides (2005)

Abstract Simple, inexpensive, preformed vanadium‐Schiff base complexes were facilely prepared and used in enantioselective sulfoxidation. Both the amount of aqueous H 2 O 2 and reaction time greatly influenced the ee values and yields of chiral sulfoxides. High enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee) and reasonable yields (>40%) for various chiral sulfoxides were achieved by combining enantioselective sulfoxidation and appropriate concomitant kinetic resolution.
Voltage clamp analysis of acetylcholine produced end‐plate current fluctuations at frog neuromuscular junction (1973)

1. Acetylcholine produced end-plate current (e.p.c.) noise is shown to be the results of statistical fluctuations in the ionic conductance of voltage clamped end-plates of Rana pipiens.2. These e.p.c. fluctuations are characterized by their e.p.c. spectra which conform to a relation predicted from a simple model of end-plate channel gating behaviour.3. The rate constant of channel closing alpha is determined from e.p.c. spectra and is found to depend on membrane potential V according to the relation alpha = Be(AV) (B = 0.17 msec(-1)+/-0.04 S.E., A = 0.0058 mV(-1)+/-0.0009 S.E. at 8 degrees C) and to vary with temperature T with a Q(10) = 2.77, at -70 mV. A and B in this expression both vary with T and therefore produce a membrane potential dependent Q(10) for alpha.4. Nerve-evoked e.p.c.s and spontaneous miniature e.p.c.s decay exponentially in time with a rate constant which depends exponentially on V. The magnitude and voltage dependence of this decay constant is exactly that found from e.p.c. spectra for the channel closing rate alpha.5. The conductance gamma of a single open end-plate channel has been estimated from e.p.c. spectra and is found not to be detectibly dependent on membrane potential, temperature and mean end-plate current. gamma = 0.32+/-0.0045 (S.E.) x 10(-10) mhos. Some variation in values for gamma occurs from muscle to muscle.6. It is concluded that the relaxation kinetics of open ACh sensitive ionic channels is the rate limiting step in the decay of synaptic current and that this channel closing has a single time constant. The relaxation rate is independent of how it is estimated (ACh produced e.p.c. fluctuations, e.p.c., m.e.p.c.), and is consistent with the hypothesis that individual ionic channels open rapidly to a specific conductance which remains constant for an exponentially distributed duration.7. The voltage and temperature dependence of the channel closing rate constant agree with the predictions of a simple dipole-conformation change model.
A comparison of multiple testing adjustment methods with block-correlation positively-dependent tests (2017)

In high dimensional data analysis (such as gene expression, spatial epidemiology, or brain imaging studies), we often test thousands or more hypotheses simultaneously. As the number of tests increases, the chance of observing some statistically significant tests is very high even when all null hypotheses are true. Consequently, we could reach incorrect conclusions regarding the hypotheses. Researchers frequently use multiplicity adjustment methods to control type I error rates-primarily the family-wise error rate (FWER) or the false discovery rate (FDR)-while still desiring high statistical power. In practice, such studies may have dependent test statistics (or p-values) as tests can be dependent on each other. However, some commonly-used multiplicity adjustment methods assume independent tests. We perform a simulation study comparing several of the most common adjustment methods involved in multiple hypothesis testing, under varying degrees of block-correlation positive dependence among tests.
Retrograde labeling, transduction, and genetic targeting allow cellular analysis of corticospinal motor neurons: implications in health and disease (2014)

Corticospinal motor neurons (CSMN) have a unique ability to receive, integrate, translate, and transmit the cerebral cortex's input toward spinal cord targets and therefore act as a "spokesperson" for the initiation and modulation of voluntary movements that require cortical input. CSMN degeneration has an immense impact on motor neuron circuitry and is one of the underlying causes of numerous neurodegenerative diseases, such as primary lateral sclerosis (PLS), hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In addition, CSMN death results in long-term paralysis in spinal cord injury patients. Detailed cellular analyses are crucial to gain a better understanding of the pathologies underlying CSMN degeneration. However, visualizing and identifying these vulnerable neuron populations in the complex and heterogeneous environment of the cerebral cortex have proved challenging. Here, we will review recent developments and current applications of novel strategies that reveal the cellular and molecular basis of CSMN health and vulnerability. Such studies hold promise for building long-term effective treatment solutions in the near future.
Network Device Monitoring System with SMS Alert (2016)

It is a very vital issue for a network administrator to monitor all the devices or services.A system administrator always has to aware whether all the devices or services are running properly or not but it is too difficult to monitor when an administrator is out of his system.To solve this problem in this article, a network device monitoring system has been designed which quickly detect network errors and failure of different servers or services and alert the specific authorized person through short message service (SMS).Arduino Mega 2560 main board is used in this system.It's connected with others devices such as Ethernet shield, GSM module, LCD display and Alarm system buzzer.Ethernet shield automatically check all network server IP address by using ICMP (Internet control message protocol) of TCP/IP protocol suit.If any server is not work properly then the system is considered as offline.The LCD display will show message whether the servers are running properly or not.If any server is in offline or fail to provide service it will show on the LCD display and Alarm system buzzer will produce beef sound and SIM 808 in GSM module will communicate with Arduino Mega to send the SMS to the specific mobile number.
cGraph: A Fast Graph-Based Method for Link Analysis and Queries (2003)

Many techniques in the social sciences and graph theory deal with the problem of examining and analyzing patterns found in the underlying structure and associations of a group of entities. However, much of this work assumes that this underlying structure is known or can easily be inferred from data, which may often be an unrealistic assumption for many real-world problems. Below we consider the problem of learning and querying a graph-based model of this underlying structure. The model is learned from noisy observations linking sets of entities. We explicitly allow different types of links (representing different types of relations) and temporal information indicating when a link was observed. We quantitatively compare this representation and learning method against other algorithms on the task of predicting future links and new “friendships ” in a variety of real world data sets. 1
Elevated tau and interleukin-6 concentrations in adults with obstructive sleep apnea (2017)

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by apneas and hypopneas that result in hypoxia, cerebral hypoperfusion, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress. These pathophysiologic processes likely contribute to neuronal damage. Tau is a protein that stabilizes microtubules and, along with amyloid beta (Aβ), is associated with neurodegenerative processes. We sought to determine if tau and other biomarkers of inflammation were related to OSA severity. Concentrations of tau, Aβ40, Aβ42, c-reactive protein (CRP), TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 were measured in blood and compared between participants with moderate-severe OSA (n = 28), those with mild OSA (n = 22), and healthy controls (n = 24). The cohort included relatively young, primarily male active duty military personnel without a history of traumatic brain injury or neurodegenerative disease. Total biomarker concentrations were determined from plasma samples using an ultra-sensitive detection method, Simoa™, and CRP was assayed by ELISA. Total tau and IL-6 concentrations were elevated in participants with moderate-severe OSA, with a mean apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of 26.1/h, compared to those with mild OSA (mean AHI 8.6/h) and healthy controls (mean AHI 2.1/h). Tau concentrations were also significantly correlated with the AHI (r = 0.342, p = 0.004). Our findings show that tau is elevated in the blood of young patients with moderate-severe OSA, suggesting that this degree of sleep-disordered breathing is a contributing factor in the development of neurodegenerative disorders. The finding of increased IL-6 further suggests that inflammatory biomarkers are present early in the course of this chronic disease.
Real-time Pedestrian Tracking based on Deep Features (2020)

Multi-object tracking is a significant domain in Computer vision applications, which involves giving unique identities to different objects, and maintaining the association between them, for real-time applications. However, most of the trackers fail to achieve decent levels of accuracy as well as speed. In this paper, we propose a tracking technique, which utilizes both high-speed detections from Yolo, as well as deep feature extraction, from a convolutional neural network. The extracted features, along with position vectors and color histograms, are matched between corresponding frames, to develop an association between pedestrians. It can face issues like slight changes in object appearance in continuous frames, such as shape, size or illumination changes, partial occlusions, or re-identification of pedestrians, on re-entering the view, or after being occluded, for a certain length of frames. We have used the Yolo framework for fast object detection, a MobileNet architecture based custom CNN for feature extraction, and a set of algorithms to generate associations between frames. On the publically available Towncentre dataset, our framework can reach a MOTA of 93.2%.
Estimation of Plasma Phosphatase by Determination of Hydrolysed Phenol with Amino-antipyrine (1954)

Plasma phosphatase was first determined by Martland (1925) and then by Kay (1930), using glycerophosphate and estimating the inorganic phosphate liberated at 370 C. at a specified pH and in a given time. The procedure has been variously modified and simplified by Jenner and Kay (1932), Bodansky (1933), Shinowara, Jones, and Reinhart (1942). Several substrates, other than glycero- phosphate, have also been used, e.g., phenyl phos- phate (with determination of either the liberated phenol, King and Armstrong, 1934, or phosphate, King, Abul-Fadl, and Walker, 1951), nitro-phenyl phosphate (by the colour of the liberated nitro- phenol, Ohmori, 1937; King and Delory, 1939; Bessey, Lowry, and Brock, 1946), naphthyl phos- phate (by determination of naphthol by a diazo method, Seligman, Chauncey, Nachlas, Manheimer, and Ravin, 1951), phenolphthalein phosphate (by the colour of alkaline phenolphthalein, Bray and King, 1943; Huggins and Talalay, 1945). Of the.se procedures, the Bodansky (glycerophosphate) and the King-Armstrong (phenyl phosphate) are perhaps the most widely used.
Carnosine Is Neuroprotective Against Permanent Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Mice (2007)

Carnosine is neuroprotective in focal cerebral ischemia and appears to influence deleterious pathological processes that are activated after the onset of ischemia.
Asymmetry of an Integrating Sphere (1963)

Integrating spheres are used extensively in reflectometers; therefore, it is important for the operator to be familiar with features that may lead to erroneous results during routine operation. This paper discusses an asymmetry present in the integrating sphere of the General Electric recording spectrophotometer, an excellent instrument widely used in reflectometry and color work.
Pretreatment with the ALDH2 agonist Alda-1 reduces intestinal injury induced by ischaemia and reperfusion in mice (2017)

Many studies demonstrate that activation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) protects against oxidative stress via detoxification of cytotoxic aldehydes, and could attenuate cardiac, cerebral, lung and renal ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injuries. However, the effect of ALDH2 in intestinal I/R is unknown. The present study was set up to determine whether an ALDH2 agonist, Alda-1, could alleviate intestinal injury after gut I/R. In a mouse model of intestinal I/R injury, histological grading, proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, cellular apoptosis, chemokine contents, ALDH2 activity, 4-hydroxy-<i>trans</i>-2-nonenal (4-HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated. The results indicated that I/R treatment conferred elevation in pathological scores, proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, cellular apoptosis and chemokine levels, accompanied by accumulated 4-HNE and MDA. No significant changes in ALDH2 activity were observed after I/R. However, Alda-1 pretreatment significantly decreased these injurious indicators, concomitant with up-regulated ALDH2 activity, and lessened 4-HNE and MDA accumulation. Taken together, our results implicate activation of ALDH2 by Alda-1 in the significant abatement intestinal I/R injury.
Aulus Gellius - G. Bernardi-Perini (ed., trans.): Le Notti Attiche di Aulo Gellio (Classici latini). Pp. 1497 (vol. I: 1–736; vol. II: 737–1497), ills. Turin: Unione Tipografico-Editrice Torinese, revised reprint 1996. ISBN: 88-02-04612-3. (1998)

Aulus Gellius - G. Bernardi-Perini (ed., trans.): Le Notti Attiche di Aulo Gellio (Classici latini). Pp. 1497 (vol. I: 1–736; vol. II: 737–1497), ills. Turin: Unione Tipografico-Editrice Torinese, revised reprint 1996. ISBN: 88-02-04612-3. - Volume 48 Issue 1
A scanning window scheme based on SVM training error rate for unsupervised audio segmentation (2010)

Audio segmentation has applications in a variety of contexts, such as automatic broadcast news transcription, audio information retrieval, and as a pre-processing step in automatic speech recognition (ASR). The Support vector machine (SVM), as a binary classifier, is commonly used for supervised audio signal segmentation and classification. In this study, inspired by the idea of scanning window, we present and evaluate an unsupervised audio segmentation approach based on the SVM training error rate. The approach is unsupervised in the sense that it does not require prior knowledge of audio classes. Experimental results indicate that the segmentation technique outperforms traditional Bayesian information criterion (BIC), generalized likelihood ratio (GLR), and Gaussian mixture models (GMM) methods, particularly in detecting audio landmarks of short duration.
Dual laser flow cytometry: Focal length compensation when focussing through a single lens (1985)

Dual laser operation of flow cytometers, using a single focussing lens for both beams, requires compensating for chromatic aberration of the lens. By using a prefocussing lens at a fixed position in one of the laser beams, complete focal length compensation is obtained without any loss in system performance.
Trisporic Acid Biosynthesis in Separate Plus and Minus Cultures of <i>Blakeslea trispora</i> : Identification by <i>Mucor</i> Assay of Two Mating-Type-Specific Components (1973)

Separate plus and minus cultures of Blakeslea trispora synthesize small amounts of trisporic acids under specific conditions. These amounts are expressed as a percentage of the trisporic acids (50 mg/liter of medium) synthesized by mixed plus-minus cultures in 5 days. Plus cultures, without additives from minus cultures, synthesize 0.1% trisporic acids. Plus cultures synthesize 0.4% trisporic acids when stimulated by M-factor, a mating-type-specific component synthesized by minus cultures. Minus cultures, without additives from plus cultures, do not synthesize even 0.0001% trisporic acids. Minus cultures synthesize 1% trisporic acids when stimulated by P-factor, a mating-type-specific component synthesized by plus cultures. Minus cultures synthesize M-factor when stimulated by pi, a component synthesized by plus cultures. We speculate that (i) minus cultures synthesize a component, mu, which stimulates P-factor synthesis in plus cultures, and (ii) both M-factor and P-factor are precursors of trisporic acids.
$Ni/\gamma -Al_2O_3$ Catalyst Prepared by Liquid Phase Oxidation for Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane (1999)

Carbon dioxide reforming of methane on Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was studied. A new 10 wt% Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst prepared by the liquid phase oxidation method (L10O) exhibited much higher activity as well as resistances to both sintering and coke formation during the reaction than the catalyst prepared by the conventional impregnation method (D10). The electrically strong attractive interaction between nickel and support during the liquid phase oxidation process and the resultant high nickel dispersion made the L10 have superior activity and stability to the D10. To elucidate the results, the experiments with nickel catalysts on the other supports as well as 7-AI203 were performed. The effect of sodium as a promoter was also studied.