gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-frequency flux flow in Y-Ba-Cu-O/Ag/Y-Ba-Cu-O thin-film superconducting-normal-superconducting junctions (1990)

We have studied the properties of planar Y-Ba-Cu-O/Ag/Y-Ba-Cu-O thin-film junctions and found them to behave as superconducting-normal-superconducting Josephson junctions. In addition, they show a novel type of response when irradiated with microwaves. We interpret this effect, which seems peculiar to high-${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ superconductors, as arising from flux motion and propose a modification of the resistively shunted junction model that gives I-V curves in qualitative agreement with experiment.
Analysis of reduction parameters of dynamic soft reduction in continuous casting (2004)

The dynamic soft reduction technology and the key technical parameters of soft reduction for continuous casting were presented in this paper. By reviewing and analyzing the variables, the soft reduction models achieved in recent years, the trend for investigating the reduction model was discussed.
Must Licenses Be Contracts? Consent and Notice in Intellectual Property (2012)

Intellectual property owners often seek to provide access to their patented or copyrighted works while at the same time imposing restrictions on that access. One example of this approach is “field-of-use” licensing in patent law, which permits licensees to use the patented invention but only in certain ways. Another is open-source licensing in copyright law, where copyright owners typically require licensees that incorporate open-source software in other products to license those other products on an open-source basis as well. Surprisingly, though, the legal requirements for granting restricted access are unclear. The source of the lack of clarity is the ill-defined nature of a “license,” which is the usual means of granting access to intellectual property. Must a license be a contract? If so, then the imposition of restrictions presumably must satisfy the rules of contract formation. Or could a license be merely a unilateral commitment to allow limited access to intellectual property, as many open-source advocates contend? If so, then an intellectual property owner could grant access to its property while imposing restrictions to which a licensee has not consented, and of which the licensee might not even be aware. This article argues that the weight of judicial authority and sound policy support a contractual approach. A requirement that license restrictions be imposed only by contract ensures that intellectual property owners obtain both the consent of licensees to the restrictions and consideration sufficient to make the contract enforceable. As in contract law more generally, these requirements facilitate certainty, predictability, and care in entering productive relationships. Consent is especially important as intellectual property is passed downstream through the distribution chain, because it ensures that downstream market participants are aware of the limitations on their use of intellectual property. Simple notice, which some have proposed as an alternative to contract, has shortcomings that make it a poor criterion for the establishment of infringement liability. The article suggests, though, that in some circumstances notice of an upstream violation of a contractual license should indeed be sufficient to establish liability. Specifically, when a downstream user intentionally induces infringement by an upstream supplier, the downstream user should be liable. In such circumstances, the intent element serves as a substitute for the assent of contract law.
The emerging problem of linezolid-resistant <i>Staphylococcus</i> (2012)

The oxazolidinone antibiotic linezolid has demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacterial pathogens, including methicillin-resistant staphylococci. This article systematically reviews the published literature for reports of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus (LRS) infections to identify epidemiological, microbiological and clinical features for these infections. Linezolid remains active against >98% of Staphylococcus, with resistance identified in 0.05% of Staphylococcus aureus and 1.4% of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS). In all reported cases, patients were treated with linezolid prior to isolation of LRS, with mean times of 20.0 ± 47.0 months for S. aureus and 11.0 ± 8.0 days for CoNS. The most common mechanisms for linezolid resistance were mutation (G2576T) to the 23S rRNA (63.5% of LRSA and 60.2% of LRCoNS) or the presence of a transmissible cfr ribosomal methyltransferase (54.5% of LRSA and 15.9% of LRCoNS). The emergence of linezolid resistance in Staphylococcus poses significant challenges to the clinical treatment of infections caused by these organisms, and in particular CoNS.
Infotop - A Shared-context Information Workspace. (2003)

Abstract. Knowledge workers collaborate in teams, networks and communities in order to accomplish knowledge processes. They have to be supported with adequate organizational as well as information and communication technological (ICT) infrastructures. From an ICT perspective, requirements have changed when compared to more traditional (office) work due to the considerable higher complexity of data, the focus on communication across the boundaries of corporate ICT infrastructures and the mobility of knowledge workers. This requires the systematic handling of context and substantially extended functionality for collaboration in the knowledge workers ’ personal workspaces. In this paper, we outline typical knowledge processes and discuss ICT support for the personal management of information, of web content, of collaboration and of knowledge. We propose Infotop, a shared-context information workspace that organizes knowledge resources within six dimensions. We show how Infotop can be used to support typical knowledge processes and discuss some implementation aspects of a prototype workspace. 1
Compaction of Duplex Nucleic Acids upon Native Electrospray Mass Spectrometry (2017)

We report on the fate of nucleic acids conformation in the gas phase as sampled using native mass spectrometry coupled to ion mobility spectrometry. On the basis of several successful reports for proteins and their complexes, the technique has become popular in structural biology, and the conformation survival becomes more and more taken for granted. Surprisingly, we found that DNA and RNA duplexes, at the electrospray charge states naturally obtained from native solution conditions (≥100 mM aqueous NH<sub>4</sub>OAc), are significantly more compact in the gas phase compared to the canonical solution structures. The compaction is observed for all duplex sizes (gas-phase structures are more compact than canonical B-helices by ∼20% for 12-bp, and by up to ∼30% for 36-bp duplexes), and for DNA and RNA alike. Molecular modeling (density functional calculations on small helices, semiempirical calculations on up to 12-bp, and molecular dynamics on up to 36-bp duplexes) demonstrates that the compaction is due to phosphate group self-solvation prevailing over Coulomb repulsion. Molecular dynamics simulations starting from solution structures do not reproduce the experimental compaction. To be experimentally relevant, molecular dynamics sampling should reflect the progressive structural rearrangements occurring during desolvation. For nucleic acid duplexes, the compaction observed for low charge states results from novel phosphate-phosphate hydrogen bonds formed across both grooves at the very late stages of electrospray.
US of Breast Masses Categorized as BI-RADS 3, 4, and 5: Pictorial Review of Factors Influencing Clinical Management (2010)

The Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) lexicon for ultrasonography (US) is based on the established lexicon used successfully in mammography and attempts to provide a common language to avoid ambiguity in interpreting, reporting, and teaching breast US. Proper and consistent use of the BI-RADS US lexicon has numerous advantages, including facilitating (a) communication of final assessment categories that clearly indicate management recommendations, (b) data tracking for self-audits, and (c) clinical review of outcome summaries. However, the literature to date does not include sufficient data on outcomes to validate clinical use of the BI-RADS US lexicon. In this article, a pictorial review of the BI-RADS US lexicon descriptors is provided, and specific cases from a retrospective review are used to highlight the challenges in using the BI-RADS US lexicon. With these examples, suggestions are offered for greater clarity in the use of this lexicon. The technical challenges in follow-up US imaging are described. The challenges in assigning final assessment categories are detailed, as well as the clinical factors that may influence decision making and the management of certain lesions.
Luca Ghini (um 1490 - 1556) und die Botanik des 16. Jahrhunderts Leben, Initiativen, Kontakte, Resonanz (1995)

L'A. etudie la vie, les initiatives, les contacts et la resonnance du medecin et philosophe de la nature L. Ghini qui a contribue au developpement de la botanique du XVI e siecle en Italie. Ses travaux pharmaceutiques sur les plantes et la maladie (syphilis) ont marque l'histoire universitaire des sciences
Overview of the TAC2013 Knowledge Base Population Evaluation: English Slot Filling and Temporal Slot Filling. (2013)

We overview two tracks of the TAC2013 Knowledge Base Population (KBP) evaluation: English slot filling (SF) and temporal slot filling (TSF). The goal of these two KBP tracks is to promote research in the extraction of relations between named entities from free text (SF), and identify the temporal intervals when these relations were valid (TSF). The main changes this year include the requirement for a stricter textual justification of the extracted relations for SF, and a simplification of the TSF task, where the relation to be temporally grounded is given as input. These two tracks attracted 43 registered teams, out of which 20 teams submitted a run in at least one of the tracks.
Filtering surgery in childhood glaucoma. (1984)

A review of 38 eyes of 24 patients receiving filtration surgery for childhood glaucoma is presented. A total of 54 procedures were performed, including both thermal sclerostomies and trabeculectomies. Successful control of intraocular pressure was obtained in 20 eyes (52%). Average follow-up time was four years, two months. Filtration surgery is seen as a useful technique in the treatment of childhood glaucoma when goniotomy fails. It also is useful in those conditions where the success rate of goniotomy is expected to be low.
Simplest Molecules as Candidates for Precise Optical Clocks (2014)

The precise measurement of transition frequencies in cold, trapped molecules has applications in fundamental physics, and extremely high accuracies are desirable. We determine suitable candidates by considering the simplest molecules with a single electron, for which the external-field shift corrections can be calculated theoretically with high precision. Our calculations show that H(2)(+) exhibits particular transitions whose fractional systematic uncertainties may be reduced to 5×10(-17) at room temperature. We also generalize the method of composite frequencies, introducing tailored linear combinations of individual transition frequencies that are free of the major systematic shifts, independent of the strength of the external perturbing fields. By applying this technique, the uncertainty of the composite frequency is reduced compared to what is achievable with a single transition, e.g., to the 10(-18) range for HD(+). Thus, these molecules are of metrological relevance for future studies.
s-REGULAR DIHEDRAL COVERINGS OF THE COMPLETE GRAPH OF ORDER 4 (2004)

A graph is s-regular if its automorphism group acts regularly on the set of its S-arcs. An infinite family of cubic 1-regulax graphs was constructed in [7] as cyclic coverings of the three-dimensional Hypercube, and a classification of all s-regulax cyclic coverings of the complete bipaxtite graph of order 6 was given in [8] for each s greater than or equal to 1, whose fibre-preserving automorphism subgroups act arc-transitively. In this paper, the authors classify all s-regulax dihedral coverings of the complete graph of order 4 for each s greater than or equal to 1, whose fibre-preserving automorphism subgroups act arc-transitively. As a result, a new infinite family of cubic 1-regular graphs is constructed.
Colloid titration-A rapid method for the determination of charged colloid (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTColloid titration-A rapid method for the determination of charged colloidKeihei Ueno and Ken'yu Kina Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 7, 627Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1985Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 July 1985Published inissue 1 July 1985https://doi.org/10.1021/ed062p627RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1125Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Aggregation and Gelation Effects on the Performance of Poly(3-hexylthiophene)/Fullerene Solar Cells (2008)

Poly(3-hexylthiophene) formed gels and showed liquid crystalline structures at high concentrations. The absorption properties of poly(3-hexylthiophene) showed dramatic changes during gelation, which is an indication of strong intermolecular π-electronic coupling of the ordered self-assembled poly(3-hexylthiophene) gels. The effect of conformational transitions on the photovoltaic properties of solution-processed poly(3-hexylthiophene)/fullerene blends has been studied in this Article. It is shown that the photovoltaic performance is strongly affected by gelation, which alters the morphology of the photoactive layer. Device optimization yields solar cells with a power conversion efficiency of 3.78% under standard test conditions (AM 1.5, 100 mW/cm2).
Frequency-domain reverse-time migration with source estimation (2011)

Although artificially generated seismic sources such as dynamite, vibroseis, and air guns are used in seismic exploration, it is not easy to exactly recover the source wavelet in field recording or in data processing. For this reason, seismic data processing often assumes that an explosive-source wavelet can be described by a well-known function (e.g., a Ricker wavelet), a near-offset trace, or a deconvolved wavelet. In frequency-domain waveform inversion, it has been proven that a source wavelet can be estimated by an optimization method, and incorporating the source wavelet estimation into an inversion algorithm yields better inversion results. We have developed source wavelet estimation into 2D two-way frequency-domain reverse-time migration. The source wavelet is first estimated independently of reverse-time migration by an optimization method such as the full Newton method. It is then used in reverse-time migration. This source-wavelet-incorporated reverse-time migration algorithm is applied to three model data sets: a simple anticline model, the Institut Français du Petrole (IFP) Marmousi model, and the BP 2004 EAGE model. Numerical examples were used to show that better migration images can be obtained by using an estimated source wavelet than those obtained by using a designatured wavelet without source estimation. To enhance the migrated images, the Laplacian filter is applied and migrated images are scaled using the diagonal of the pseudo-Hessian matrix. It is expected that the source wavelet estimation method can be directly applied to 2D or 3D time-domain two-way reverse-time migration.
In Vivo Anti-Tumor Activity of Polypeptide HM-3 Modified by Different Polyethylene Glycols (PEG) (2011)

HM-3, designed by our laboratory, is a polypeptide composed of 18 amino acids. Pharmacodynamic studies in vivo and in vitro indicated that HM-3 could inhibit endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis, thereby inhibiting tumor growth. However, the half-life of HM-3 is short. In this study, we modified HM-3 with different polyethylene glycols (PEG) in order to reduce the plasma clearance rate, extend the half-life in the body, maintain a high concentration of HM-3 in the blood and increase the therapeutic efficiency. HM-3 was modified with four different types of PEG with different molecular weights (ALD-mPEG(5k), ALD-mPEG(10k), SC-mPEG(10k) and SC-mPEG(20k)), resulting in four modified products (ALD-mPEG(5k)-HM-3, ALD-mPEG(10k)-HM-3, SC-mPEG(10k)-HM-3 and SC-mPEG(20k)-HM-3, respectively). Anti-tumor activity of these four modified HM-3 was determined in BALB/c mice with Taxol as a positive control and normal saline as a negative control. Tumor weight inhibition rates of mice treated with Taxol, HM-3, ALD-mPEG(5k)-HM-3, ALD-mPEG(10k)-HM-3, SC-mPEG(10k)-HM-3 and SC-mPEG(20k)-HM-3 were 44.50%, 43.92%, 37.95%, 31.64%, 20.27% and 50.23%, respectively. Tumor inhibition rates in the Taxol, HM-3 and SC-mPEG(20k)-HM-3 groups were significantly higher than that in the negative control group. The efficiency of tumor inhibition in the SC-mPEG(20k)-HM-3 group (drug treatment frequency: once per two days) was better than that in the HM-3 group (drug treatment frequency: twice per day). In addition, tumor inhibition rate in the SC-mPEG(20k)-HM-3 group was higher than that in the taxol group. We conclude that SC-mPEG(20k)-HM-3 had a low plasma clearance rate and long half-life, resulting in high anti-tumor therapeutic efficacy in vivo. Therefore, SC-mPEG(20k)-HM-3 could be potentially developed as new anti-tumor drugs.
Isomerization of Propargylic Alcohols into α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds Catalyzed by the Sixteen‐Electron Allyl‐Ruthenium(II) Complex [Ru(η<sup>3</sup>‐2‐C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>4</sub>Me)(CO)(dppf)][SbF<sub>6</sub>] (2006)

Abstract The 16‐e − (η 3 ‐allyl)‐ruthenium(II) complex [Ru(η 3 ‐2‐C 3 H 4 Me)(CO)(dppf)][SbF 6 ] is an efficient catalyst for the regioselective isomerization of terminal propargylic alcohols HCCCR 1 R 2 (OH) into α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes R 1 R 2 CCHCHO or ketones R 3 R 4 CC(R 1 )COMe (if R 2 =CHR 3 R 4 ) under mild conditions. This complex has been also used as catalyst for the preparation of conjugated 1,3‐enynes via dehydration of propargylic alcohols.
Update of early respiratory failure in the lung transplant recipient (2006)

Many advances have been made in the understanding of ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Owing to the acute and long-term implications of this complication, interventions that reduce the risk of developing ischaemia-reperfusion need to be evaluated in prospective clinical trials.
Effects of Selected Insecticides on Control of Soybean Arthropods, 1979 (1981)

Abstract Eight insecticides were examined to determine their effects on pest and beneficial arthropods associated with soybean. Insecticides were applied Aug 30 in ‘Essex’ soybean grown on the Carroll Balderson Farm near Montross Virginia. A randomized block experimental design was used with 3 replications. Individual plots were 4 rows 50 ft long and spaced 3 ft apart. Each spray concentrate was applied to the soybean foliage with a CO2 powered back-pack sprayer at 30 psi that delivered 27 gal of finished formulation per acre. Individual treatments were evaluated 1-, 5-, 8-, and 14-days after application by comparing the number of Mexican bean beetles, green clover worms, and predators per 20 sweeps (15 inch diameter net) in the treated plots to those in the untreated plots.
Effect of Lactitol and Lactulose Administration on the Fecal Flora in Cirrhotic Patients (1990)

We compared the effect of lactulose or lactitol on the fecal flora of 21 cirrhotic patients without hepatic encephalopathy. All were treated with an individualized disaccharide dose to achieve and maintain two semiliquid bowel movements per day. Stool pH and fecal flora were determined before and 10 days after stabilizing the cathartic effect. Increased counts of lactobacilli were obtained with both treatments. This increase, which was related to the decreased stool pH, was more constant with lactulose. In addition, lactitol decreased certain proteolytic bacteria such as enterococci and enterobacteria. Both total aerobic and anaerobic bacterial counts showed little quantitative variations with either treatment.
Frequency Domain Acoustic Echo Suppression Based on Soft Decision (2009)

In this letter, we propose a novel acoustic echo suppression (AES) technique based on soft decision in a frequency domain. The proposed approach provides an efficient and unified framework for such procedures as AES gain computation, AES gain modification using soft decision, and estimation of relevant parameters based on the same statistical model assumption of the near-end and far-end signal instead of the conventional strategies requiring the additional residual echo suppression (RES) step. Performances of the proposed AES algorithm are evaluated by objective and subjective tests under various environments, and better results compared with the conventional AES method are obtained.
植物菌質體之優勢免疫膜蛋白基因 imp, idpA 與 amp 之選殖與分析 (2010)

Previous studies have shown that an immunodominant membrane protein is a major portion of the total cellular membrane proteins in most phytoplasmas. Genes encoding immunodominant membrane proteins have been identified and sequenced from several taxonomic groups of phytoplasmas and have been classified into three distinct types: type 1 immunodominant membrane protein Imp, type 2 immunodominant membrane protein IdpA, and type 3 immunodominant membrane protein Amp. No amino acid similarity was revealed among different type of immunodominant membrane proteins. The sequence identity of immunodominant membrane protein genes between phytoplamas was also evidenced to be lower than those of their upstream or downstream genes or non-coding regions. In this study, cloning and sequencing of these three types immunodominant membrane protein genes in Taiwan were performed for three groups of phytoplasmas including the pear decline phytoplasma (PDTWII phytoplasma) and peanut witches'-broom (PnWB) phytoplasma in 16SrII group which have imp genes, poinsettia branch-inducing (PoiBI) phytoplasma in 16SrIII group which has idpA gene, and periwinkle leaf yellowing (PLY) phytoplasma and paulownia witches'-broom (PaWB-Taiwan) phytoplasma in 16SrI group which have amp genes. Sequence analysis of these cloned immunodominant membrane protein gene fragments revealed that the sequence identities were very low, especially among the sequences of hydrophilic domains. Each phytoplasmal immunodominant membrane protein gene has their own distinct sequence even the phytoplasmas belong to the same group. These distinct immunodominant membrane protein gene sequences can be used for the differentiation of groups or subgroups of various phytoplasmas. Specific PCR primer pairs ampf5/Amp1R and Amp1F/ampr4 were designed based on distinct regions of PLY phytoplasma and PaWB-Taiwan phytoplasma amp gene sequences for their identification and classification. RT-PCR analysis showed that the imp, amp genes of PLY phytoplasma and the imp gene of PnWB phytoplasma were transcribed in PLY phytoplasma and PnWB phytoplasma.