gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 is a critical factor of stroke-reperfusion injury (2006)

Although augmented prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) synthesis and accumulation have been demonstrated in the lesion sites of rodent transient focal ischemia models, the role of PGE(2) in neuronal survival has been controversial, showing both protective and toxic effects. Here we demonstrate the induction of microsomal PGE synthase 1 (mPGES-1), an inducible terminal enzyme for PGE(2) synthesis, in neurons, microglia, and endothelial cells in the cerebral cortex after transient focal ischemia. In mPGES-1 knockout (KO) mice, in which the postischemic PGE(2) production in the cortex was completely absent, the infarction, edema, apoptotic cell death, and caspase-3 activation in the cortex after ischemia were all reduced compared with those in wild-type (WT) mice. Furthermore, the behavioral neurological dysfunctions observed after ischemia in WT mice were significantly ameliorated in KO mice. The ameliorated symptoms observed in KO mice after ischemia were reversed to almost the same severity as WT mice by intracerebroventricular injection of PGE(2) into KO mice. Our observations suggest that mPGES-1 may be a critical determinant of postischemic neurological dysfunctions and a valuable therapeutic target for treatment of human stroke.
Convex gradient optimization for increased spatiotemporal resolution and improved accuracy in phase contrast MRI (2013)

CVX PC-MRI increases sequence efficiency while reducing chemical shift-induced phase errors. This can be used to provide either higher spatial or higher temporal resolution than conventional chemical shift-mitigated PC-MRI methods to provide more accurate measurements of blood flow and peak velocity.
Analytical Solution for Reactive Simulated Moving Bed in the Presence of Mass Transfer Resistance (2005)

In this work, a new analytical solution for simulated moving bed rector (SMBR) in the presence of mass transfer is presented. A reaction of type A → B + C, where each species exhibits a linear type of adsorption isotherm, was assumed. The linear driving force model was used to describe the intraparticle mass transfer. The proposed solution is based on the steady-state equivalent true moving bed reactor (TMBR) analogy and allows the calculation of the liquid and solid concentration profiles in the SMBR. The TMBR analytical solution predicts internal concentration profiles and process performances, providing better accuracy, when compared with results of dynamic simulation of real SMBR. The main advantage of the presented solution is the fast determination of the reactive-separation regions in the presence of mass transfer limitations, according to the required product purities and reactant conversion. The analytical solution was used to study the influence of the rate of the reaction, the mass transfer rate, the number of the columns per section, and the reactant adsorption affinity on the reactive separation regions.
Emission characteristics of the evaporative pattern casting process. (1987)

An attempt was made to identify contaminants produced, to quantify major contaminants, and to determine the temporal nature of these emissions during vaporization of low-density polystyrene foam used in the pattern-casting process. A sampling hood was used to obtain emissions, which were analyzed for aerosols and specific contaminants. Major gaseous contaminants identified were styrene, benzene, toluene, and ethyl-benzene. The evaporative pattern-casting (EPC) molds produced more carbon soot and hydrocarbons during pouring than the green sand, for both iron and aluminum castings. Carbon monoxide concentrations were extremely high during pouring and casting removal of the iron castings made with green sand while concentrations with EPC were significantly lower. With either process, carbon monoxide levels produced during production of aluminum castings were not significant. Benzene was a significant hazard during both pouring and shakeout of iron castings made using the EPC process.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of (E)‐β‐Fluoro‐α,β‐unsaturated Esters by Carbonylation of (E)‐2‐Fluoro‐1‐iodo‐1‐alkenyliodonium Salts. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Mesoscopic tests for thermally chaotic states in a<i>Cu</i>Mn spin glass (1992)

The random conductance of a mesoscopic sample of CuMn spin glass was measured under various thermal cycling conditions. Although a random spin-dependent conductance similar to that predicted by prior theory was found, no convincing evidence was found for the chaotic dependence of the spin configuration on temperature. This negative result sets some limits on the applicability of scaling theories of the spin-glass state.
Improvement in the surface quality of structural components produced by the RTM-process (1993)

During the production of long or continuous fiber reinforced structural components in Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM), surface defects like voids, pinholes or unevenness frequently occur. These have to be repaired by manual labor before final painting. The conditions for the formation of voids in the laminate as well as surface defects are investigated by model experiments, making use of a window mould. Generally the resin is assumed to flow through the fiber reinforcement in a plug flow. The investigations indicate that advance either in the nonwovens of the surface or in the center of the laminate depends on the flow front velocity. This can be attributed to a superposition of capillary and flow effects. In order to obtain a high surface quality, the flow front velocity has to be kept within a material-related band width. Otherwise, areas of air enclosure in the laminate or surface defects like pinholes will result. With the aid of a steel mould with a large area, procedural variants are investigated to reduce surface faults and to decrease the air content in the laminate. The analysis indicates that the air content can be significantly reduced by injecting the resin into a cavity filled with gaseous acetonemore » and increasing the cavity pressure during the time of curing. Furthermore the long and short-term waviness of the surface is improved by these process modifications.« less
CT scan derived emphysema scores correlate with spirometry and gas exchange but not acute exacerbation rates (AER) or COPD assessment test (CAT) in COPD subjects with and without alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency (2013)

We previously reported 24 patients with AAT deficiency (AATD) and found them not different from non-AATD subject in terms of lung function, AER and CAT scores. We aimed to expand our observations to include emphysema scores derived from thoracic CT scans. 23 genotyped subjects with serum AAT levels group may have null or rare alleles and require SERPINA1 gene sequencing. Lung emphysema was determined using a threshold of -950 HU to define the low attenuation area percentage (LAA% (-950 HU)) and measured with Airway Inspector (www.airwayinspector.org). Demographics, physiology, AERs, CAT scores and LAA% (-950 HU) did not differ between groups. LAA% correlated with FEV 1 (r=-0.42, p Lco (r=-0.50, p 1 /FVC (r=-0.73, p -8 , Figure 1) but not AER (r=0.08, p=0.61) or CAT scores (r=-0.02, p=0.89). In this small group of COPD patients emphysema scores did not differ between those with and without AATD and correlated with the FEV 1 , FEV 1 /FVC and D Lco . These results support the notion that airway-parenchymal interdependence is an important determinant of airflow obstruction in both AATD and non-AATD COPD patients.
Legal work in the GATT, 1969–91 (2015)

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Modeling and implementing an adaptive human-computer interface using passive biosensors (2004)

Modeling of the human-computer interaction as a partnership between two systems provides a flexible method of modeling both the quantitative and qualitative requirements of a human-computer interface. A discussion of the components of a system, system structures and system issues are reviewed along with a description of the research model used at the adaptive multimodal interactive laboratory.
Systems Virology Identifies a Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Oxidation Enzyme, Dodecenoyl Coenzyme A Delta Isomerase, Required for Hepatitis C Virus Replication and Likely Pathogenesis (2011)

We previously employed systems biology approaches to identify the mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation enzyme dodecenoyl coenzyme A delta isomerase (DCI) as a bottleneck protein controlling host metabolic reprogramming during hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Here we present the results of studies confirming the importance of DCI to HCV pathogenesis. Computational models incorporating proteomic data from HCV patient liver biopsy specimens recapitulated our original predictions regarding DCI and link HCV-associated alterations in cellular metabolism and liver disease progression. HCV growth and RNA replication in hepatoma cell lines stably expressing DCI-targeting short hairpin RNA (shRNA) were abrogated, indicating that DCI is required for productive infection. Pharmacologic inhibition of fatty acid oxidation also blocked HCV replication. Production of infectious HCV was restored by overexpression of an shRNA-resistant DCI allele. These findings demonstrate the utility of systems biology approaches to gain novel insight into the biology of HCV infection and identify novel, translationally relevant therapeutic targets.
Radiation Pressure Measurement under Ambient Conditions Using a Microcantilever (2015)

Light reflection generates radiation pressure on an object. However, its measurement is often obscured by photothermal effects. An experiment is presented to separate them and to quantitatively measure the radiation pressure on a microcantilever in ambient conditions.
UN ANÁLISIS SOBRE LA ADOPCIÓN EN LA INDUSTRIA DE UN PROCEDIMIENTO DE MEDICIÓN CONFORME A LA ISO/IEC 19761 (2006)

RESUMENEste artículo presenta un análisis de la probabilidad de adoptar un procedimiento de medición llamado RmFFP. Este procedimiento de medición es conforme al método estándar ISO/IEC 19761 y ha sido definido para estimar el tamaño funcional a partir de artefactos de software de alto nivel que son especificadas con OO-Method, un método de generación automática basado en la transformación de modelos. El análisis fue llevado a cabo en base a los constructores del Modelo de Adopción de Métodos, tales como la facilidad de uso percibida, utilidad percibida e intención de uso, los cuales permitieron evaluar las percepciones e intenciones de los “usuarios” que usan RmFFP. Un estudio experimental fue rigurosamente diseñado, el mismo que fue replicado con estudiantes de doctorado en ingeniería de software con la finalidad de mejorar la fiabilidad de los resultados. Para este fin, algunas modificaciones fueron llevadas a cabo exitosamente sobre el instrumento experimental (cuestionario) utilizado para la captura de las percepciones e intenciones de los usuarios. Los resultados obtenidos, tanto en el primer estudio como en su replicación, corroboraron empíricamente que RmFFPes percibido como útil y fácil de usar. Así mismo la intención a ser usado en el futuro para medir el tamaño funcional de especificaciones de requisitos fue también verificado. PALABRAS CLAVEModelo de Adopción de MétodosProcedimiento de MediciónTamaño FuncionalISO/IEC 19761 ABSTRACTThis paper presents an analysis on the likelihood of adoption of a measurement procedure called RmFFP. This measurement procedure is compliant to the standard method ISO/IEC 19761, which was defined to estimate the functional size from software artefacts specified at early stage of the OO-Method process. OO-Method is an automatic generation method based on the models transformation. The analysis was carried out in basis of the constructors of the Method Adoption Model, such as ease of use perceived, usefulness perceived, and intention to use, which allowed evaluating the perceptions and intentions of the measurers that using RmFFP. An experimental study was designed rigorously, which was also replicated with PhDstudents in software engineering with the purpose of improving the reliability of the results. For this purpose, some modifications were carried out on the experimental instrument (survey), which was used to capture the perceptions and intentions of the users. The results obtained in the first study and replication; confirm empirically that RmFFP is perceived as useful and easy of use. In addition, the intention to be used in the future for measuring the functional size of requirements specifications was also verified. KEYWORDSMethod Adoption ModelMeasurement procedureFunctional sizeISO/IEC 19761
Comparison of nitroethane, 2-nitro-1-propanol, lauric acid, Lauricidin® and the Hawaiian marine algae,<i>Chaetoceros,</i>for potential broad-spectrum control of anaerobically grown lactic acid bacteria (2012)

The gastrointestinal tract of bovines often contains bacteria that contribute to disorders of the rumen, and may also contain foodborne or opportunistic human pathogens as well as bacteria capable of causing mastitis in cows. Thus there is a need to develop broad-spectrum therapies that are effective while not leading to unacceptably long antibiotic withdrawal times. The effects of the CH(4)-inhibitors nitroethane (2 mg/mL), 2-nitro-1-propanol (2 mg/mL), lauric acid (5 mg/mL), the commercial product Lauricidin® (5 mg/mL), and a finely ground product of the Hawaiian marine algae, Chaetoceros (10 mg/mL), were compared in pure cultures of Streptococcus agalactia, Enterococcus faecium, Streptococcus bovis, and in a mixed lactic acid rumen bacterial culture. Lauricidin® and lauric acid exhibited the most bactericidal acidity against all bacteria. These results suggest potential animal health benefits from supplementing cattle diets with lauric acid or Lauricidin® to improve the health of the rumen and help prevent shedding of human pathogens.
The mechanism of low temperature mechanical relaxation in deformed crystals (1957)

A. Seeger, H. Donth and F. Pfaff, Discuss. Faraday Soc., 1957, 23, 19 DOI: 10.1039/DF9572300019
Isolation and Biological Activities of Limulus Anticoagulant (Anti-LPS Factor) which Interacts with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)1 (1985)

Exposure of limulus hemocytes to bacterial endotoxins (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) results in the activation of the intracellular clotting system, consisting of several protein components. During the separation of these components, a potent anticoagulant, named anti-LPS factor, which inhibits the endotoxin-mediated activation of the coagulation cascade, was found in hemocytes from both Tachypleus tridentatus and Limulus polyphemus (Tanaka, S., et al. (1982) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 105, 717-723). The principle isolated from the Tachypleus hemocyte lysate by column chromatographies on dextran sulfate-Sepharose CL-6B and Sephadex G-50 under sterile conditions was a simple basic protein with an apparent molecular weight of 15,000. It consisted of a single chain polypeptide containing a total of 128 amino acids. The COOH-terminal end was presumed to be histidine, but no NH2-terminal end reactive to phenylisothiocyanate was detected. The isolated anti-LPS factor specifically inhibited the endotoxin-mediated activation of factor C, which has recently been identified as an LPS-sensitive serine protease zymogen in the hemocytes. This inhibition appeared to be due to the binding of anti-LPS factor with LPS. Moreover, anti-LPS factor had an antibacterial effect on the growth of Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella minnesota R595 and 1114W) but not on that of Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus 209P). These biological activities of the isolated anti-LPS factor suggest an important role in cellular defence of limulus against microbial invasion.
New Acute Severity Scale for Neuromyelitis Optica Relapses (P5.249) (2015)

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate an objective scale that represents degree of neurological dysfunction from an acute relapse of neuromyelitis optica. BACKGROUND: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) distinct from multiple sclerosis (MS). It is characterized by recurrent episodes of optic neuritis (ON) and longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM), which commonly lead to incremental event-related disability. Disability generally has been rated using the Expanded Disability Severity Scale (EDSS) developed for MS trials. However, the EDSS is insensitive to changes in visual acuity and limited in patients who cannot walk. DESIGN/METHODS: We designed a 34-point acute relapse severity scale specific to NMO, named the NMO Severity Scale (NMOSS) focusing on areas most significantly affected including 1) Visual Acuity, 2) Visual Fields, 3) Motor, 4) Sensory, 5) Bowel & Bladder, and 6) Brainstem Functions. We asked 17 international experts in NMO to review records from 20 acute NMO admissions to the Johns Hopkins Hospital to evaluate inter-rater reliability and accuracy of the NMOSS. RESULTS: The NMOSS is based on the EDSS but was modified to increase the sensitivity to visual acuity and visual fields. Motor, sensory and bowel/bladder scores were only slightly modified and the brainstem score was changed to focus on NMO-specific attacks of the area postrema and diencephalon. Validation of the NMOSS is ongoing; inter-rater reliability will be calculated using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and the NMOSS will be analyzed for content and predictive validity. CONCLUSIONS: The NMOSS is a new NMO-specific disability scale for future clinical trials. Study Supported by: The Guthy Jackson Charitable Foundation
Positive inotropic action of novel vasoconstrictor peptide endothelin on guinea pig atria (1988)

Endothelin (ET), a novel 21-amino acid peptide isolated from the culture supernatant of porcine aortic endothelial cells, has been shown to be the most potent of all known vasoconstrictor substances. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects and the mode of actions of ET on the heart. ET exerted a positive inotropic effect in a dose-dependent manner on the electrically driven left atria of guinea pigs. The ET-induced response was of slow onset and characteristically long lasting. The half-maximal effective dose of the ET-induced response was about 1 nM, indicating that ET is one of the most potent cardiotonic substances. The response was presumably caused through direct actions of ET on the myocytes, since adrenergic, histaminergic, and serotonergic antagonists showed no effect on the response. The dose-response relationship of ET for the positive inotropic effect was displaced to the right in a parallel fashion by 0.3 microM nicardipine. In the left atria depolarized with 22 mM KCl, ET produced gradually increasing contractions in conjunction with the slow response action potentials in response to the electrical pacing. These results suggest that the ET-induced response on the left atria is intimately related to the influx of extracellular Ca2+.
DS-CDMA chip waveform design for minimal interference under bandwidth, phase, and envelope constraints (1999)

This paper investigates the effect of chip waveform shaping on the error performance, bandwidth confinement, phase continuity, and envelope uniformity in direct-sequence code-division multiple-access communication systems employing offset quadrature modulation formats. An optimal design methodology is developed for the problem of minimizing the multiple-access interference power under various desirable signal constraints, including limited 99% and 99.9% power bandwidth occupancies, continuous signal phase, and near-constant envelope. The methodology is based on the use of prolate spheroidal wave functions to obtain a reduced-dimension discrete constrained optimization problem formulation. Numerous design examples are discussed to compare the performance achieved by the optimally-designed chip waveforms with other conventional schemes, such as offset quadrature phase-shift keying, minimum-shift keying (MSK), sinusoidal frequency-shift keying (SFSK), and time-domain raised-cosine pulses. In general, it is found that while the optimized chip pulses achieved substantial gains when no envelope constraints were imposed, these gains vanish when a low envelope fluctuation constraint was introduced. In particular, it is also shown that MSK is quasi-optimal with regard to the 99% bandwidth measure, while the raised-cosine pulse is equally good with both the 99% and 99.9% measures, but at the expense of some envelope variation. On the other hand, SFSK is quasi-optimal with regard to the 99.9% bandwidth occupancy, among the class of constant-to-low envelope variation pulses.
Targeting ROR1 inhibits the self‐renewal and invasive ability of glioblastoma stem cells (2016)

Glioblastoma is the most malignant of brain tumours and is difficult to cure because of interruption of drug delivery by the blood-brain barrier system, its high metastatic capacity and the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Although CSCs are present as a small population in malignant tumours, CSCs have been studied as they are responsible for causing recurrence, metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy for cancer. CSCs have self-renewal characteristics like normal stem cells. The aim of this study was to investigate whether receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is involved in stem cell maintenance and malignant properties in human glioblastoma. Knockdown of ROR1 caused reduction of stemness and sphere formation capacity. Moreover, down-regulation of ROR1 suppressed the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related genes and the tumour migratory and invasive abilities. The results of this study indicate that targeting ROR1 can induce differentiation of CSCs and inhibit metastasis in glioblastoma. In addition, ROR1 may be used as a potential marker for glioblastoma stem cells as well as a potential target for glioblastoma stem cell therapy.
Improving<i>In Vivo</i>Efficacy of Bioactive Molecules: An Overview of Potentially Antitumor Phytochemicals and Currently Available Lipid-Based Delivery Systems (2017)

Cancer is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Many of the chemotherapeutic agents used in cancer treatment exhibit cell toxicity and display teratogenic effect on nontumor cells. Therefore, the search for alternative compounds which are effective against tumor cells but reduce toxicity against nontumor ones is of great importance in the progress or development of cancer treatments. In this sense, scientific knowledge about relevant aspects of nutrition intimately involved in the development and progression of cancer progresses rapidly. Phytochemicals, considered as bioactive ingredients present in plant products, have shown promising effects as potential therapeutic/preventive agents on cancer in several <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> assays. However, despite their bioactive properties, phytochemicals are still not commonly used in clinical practice due to several reasons, mainly attributed to their poor bioavailability. In this sense, new formulation strategies are proposed as carriers to improve their bioefficacy, highlighting the use of lipid-based delivery systems. Here, we review the potential antitumoral activity of the bioactive compounds derived from plants and the current studies carried out in animal and human models. Furthermore, their association with lipids as a formulation strategy to enhance their efficacy <i>in vivo</i> is also reported. The development of high effective bioactive supplements for cancer treatment based on the improvement of their bioavailability goes through this association.