gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The bidirectional polyomino partitioned PPUF as a hardware security primitive (2013)

Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) have demonstrated great potential as fast and robust hardware security primitives. Public physical unclonable functions (PPUFs) have removed the main conceptual limitations of PUFs by enabling the creation of public key protocols. Traditional methods of constructing PPUFs leverage intrinsic process variation in submicron integrated circuits. However, these implementations impose high power usage and require long simulation times, producing high latency protocols. We propose to use next generation CMOS-compatible technologies, such as memristors and nanowires, whose components exhibit non-linear circuit characteristics, for the creation of PPUFs. We utilize the bidirectional nature of these components and introduce a novel architecture of PPUF polyomino partitioning. Furthermore, we present new security protocols that authenticate orders of magnitude faster than their CMOS-based PPUF counterparts. We simulate the design and demonstrate its resilience to a host of attacks using SPICE circuit simulation.
Control of Diastolic Blood Pressure in Man by Feedback and Reinforcement (1972)

ABSTRACT When provided with external feedback of their diastolic blood pressure and incentives to respond appropriately, normal male Ss learned to raise or lower their diastolic pressure in a 35‐min training session. The difference between increase and decrease groups at the end of conditioning was 7.0 mm Hg or 10% of baseline. This difference was augmented to 10.4 mm Hg or 15% of baseline during extinction when half the Ss were asked to maintain continuing “voluntary control” even though feedback and incentives were withdrawn. Heart rate was also influenced when diastolic blood pressure was reinforced, although less markedly. Further analysis indicated that when diastolic pressure is reinforced, heart rate is partially reinforced in the same direction, accounting for the coincidental conditioning of the related cardiovascular measure. No consistent changes in respiration or post‐session verbal reports were obtained. These results lend support to the possibility of therapeutic application of the techniques in patients with essential hypertension.
Long-Term Observations in Patients with Angina and Normal Coronary Arteriograms (1973)

Thirty-seven patients (mean age 42.7 years) with angina pectoris (AP), ischemic myocardial abnormalities, and normal coronary arteriograms were followed for 4.1 years (mean). Twenty patients had typical and 17 atypical AP. Ten had abnormal serum lipids, and eight had abnormal glucose tolerance tests. Rest-to-exercise hemodynamics revealed increased left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure (mean 11.2 ± 2.6 mm Hg → 19.1 ± 3.6, P < 0.05), while stroke-work index increased (+29%). LV ischemia was detected by abnormal lactate extraction with atrial pacing in 10 or ≧1 mm S-T segment depression during exercise or pacing in 27 patients. After a mean follow-up period of 4.1 years, AP decreased in 80% of cases and remained stable in the other 20% of cases. One patient died suddenly, and autopsy revealed normal coronary arteries and myocardium. In the remainder, complications of ischemia, i.e. progression of symptoms, infarction, and heart failure were absent. Seven patients restudied 4.5 years (mean) later had no changes in their previously documented hemodynamic abnormalities and normal coronary arteriograms. The fate of patients with AP and normal coronaries with ischemic LV abnormalities (ECG, metabolic, or hemodynamic) appears favorable. AP responds to nitrate and propranolol therapy. These long-term clinical observations with angiographic and hemodynamic restudies suggest a nonprogressive disorder.
Conditions for Stable Attachment of Fluid Particles to Solid Surfaces (1996)

Recently Eriksson and Ljunggren (Langmuir 1995, 11, 2325) established theoretically that in some cases the Young contact angle equation corresponds to a maximum of the energy of the system (that is an unstable equilibrium) rather than to a minimum. In fact, these authors have found out an apparent paradox in the classical field of interfacial thermodynamics. Indeed, it is known from the experiment that bubbles or droplets attached to smooth solid surfaces tend to form an equilibrium contact angle, θ, whereas it is shown in ref 1 that under some conditions the fluid particles should avoid formation of an equilibrium contact angle because of an unstable equilibrium. Below we extend the analysis of Eriksson and Ljunggren to demonstrate that the conditions for the stability of particle attachment are different depending on whether the fluid particle contains an independent component, i.e. a component whose chemical potential is independent from those of the components in the surrounding medium. The results show that the equilibrium contact angle corresponds to an unstable equilibrium only when (i) 90° < θ < 180° and (ii) the independent component is missing. In all other cases the equilibrium contact angle corresponds to the stable configuration of the attached fluid particle. These conclusions can be important not only for the specific problem about the bridging cavities as an explanation of the hydrophobic surface force but also for the whole broad field of wetting and spreading.
Taming aggressive replication in the Pangaea wide-area file system (2002)

Pangaea is a wide-area file system that supports data sharing among a community of widely distributed users. It is built on a symmetrically decentralized infrastructure that consists of commodity computers provided by the end users. Computers act autonomously to serve data to their local users. When possible, they exchange data with nearby peers to improve the system's overall performance, availability, and network economy. This approach is realized by aggressively creating a replica of a file whenever and wherever it is accessed.This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of the Pangaea file system. Pangaea offers efficient, randomized algorithms to manage highly dynamic and potentially large groups of file replicas. It applies optimistic consistency semantics to replica contents, but it also offers stronger guarantees when required by the users. The evaluation demonstrates that Pangaea outperforms existing distributed file systems in large heterogeneous environments, typical of the Internet and of large corporate intranets.
Prostaglandins (2000)

The article contains sections titled: 1. History 2. Structure, Nomenclature, and Physical Properties 3. Occurrence and Biosynthesis 4. Pharmacological Effects and Uses 5. Syntheses
Isolation and characterization of α2-macroglobulin from mastitis milk (1992)

Whey samples were screened for the presence of the proteinase inhibitor alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M). From an enzymic test, alpha 2M levels in normal whey varied in the range 0.49-0.84% of the serum level, whereas in mastitis whey the activity was markedly increased, reaching values between 0.91 and 138.5% (median 7.2%) of standard serum level. In mastitis milk samples but not in normal milk alpha 2M was also detected by double immunodiffusion and Western blotting. The proteinase inhibitor was purified from a mastitis milk sample with high alpha 2M activity (138.5% of serum level). In SDS-PAGE, native-PAGE and in double immunodiffusion analysis the inhibitor appeared indistinguishable from plasma-derived alpha 2M. The alpha 2M preparation from mastitis whey migrated essentially as native alpha 2M, representing the 'slow' form of the molecule. Treatment with trypsin transformed the alpha 2M preparation to the electrophoretic 'fast' form, but treatment with methylamine had only a minor effect. The receptor recognition sites were not exposed on the isolated alpha 2M molecule but could be readily exposed by treatment of the proteinase inhibitor with trypsin, which further proved that the isolated alpha 2M was in the entire native, functionally active state.
Production engineering programs. 1. Exponential, harmonic declines programmed for calculators (1980)

Production and reservoir engineers can use simplified programs developed for the HP-41C calculator to predict several different types of well behavior. Five Hewlett-Packard subroutines simplify the program design and make the programs useful with or without a printer. The program described in this series analyzes and forecasts exponential and harmonic declines. The decline curves can be defined in several ways and extrapolated to a future rate, time, or cumulative production. The program can handle various units of measurement and give annual forecasts as well.
BIAXIAL DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE MODULUS OF ELASTICITY OF STRESS-RELIEF CORES, (1942)

A device was developed that permits the determination of the modulus of elasticity of the stress-relief cores obtained in the process of making in situ stress measurements. This determination is made by hydraulically loading the external surface of the stress-relief cores and by measuring the corresponding borehole deformation. The theoretical relationship between the borehole deformation, the applied pressure, and the modulus of elasticity is presented. Also, experimental results obtained from measurements on a simulated stress-relief core are given. Because of the symmetrical loading obtained with this device, the isotropy of the core material can be evaluated. With this device it is also possible to study the effect of eccentricity, that is, the effect within cores in which the inner hole is not coincident with the long axis of the specimen. (Author)
An improved mixed layer model for geophysical applications (1994)

An improved mixed layer model, based on second‐moment closure of turbulence and suitable for application to oceanic and atmospheric mixed layers, is described. The model is tested against observational data from different locations in the global oceans, including high latitudes and tropics. The model belongs to the Mellor‐Yamada hierarchy but incorporates recent findings from research on large eddy simulations and second‐moment closure. The modified expansion of Galperin, Kantha, Hassid and Rosati (1988) that leads to a much simpler and more robust quasi‐equilibrium turbulence model is employed instead of the original Mellor and Yamada (1974) model. Findings from ongoing research at the National Center for Atmospheric Research on large eddy simulations of the atmospheric boundary layer are utilized to improve parameterizations of pressure covariance terms in the second‐moment closure. Shortwave solar radiation penetration is given careful treatment in the model so that the model is applicable to investigations of biological and photochemical processes in the upper ocean. But by far the major improvement is in the inclusion of the shear instability‐induced mixing in the strongly stratified region below the oceanic mixed layer that leads to a more realistic and reliable mixed layer model that is suitable for application to a variety of geophysical mixed layers and circulation problems. The model appears to predict the mixing in the upper ocean well on a variety of time scales, from event scale storm‐induced deepening and diurnal scale variability to seasonal time scales. With proper attention to the heat and salt balances in the upper ocean, it should be possible to use it for simulations of interannual variability as well. While the model validation has been primarily against oceanic mixed layer data sets, it is believed that the improvements can be readily incorporated into a model of the atmospheric boundary layer as well.
Diabetes reduces right atrial β-adrenergic signaling but not agonist stimulation of heart rate in swine (2001)

This study assessed the effects of streptozotocin diabetes in swine on the heart rate response to β-adrenergic stimulation the adenylyl cyclase signal transduction pathway. Diabetic animals (n = 9) were hyperglycemic compared to the control group (n = 10) (12.6 ± 1.0 vs. 3.53 ± 0.29 mM). There were no significant differences between the diabetic and nondiabetic groups in the heart rate response to isoproterenol, however, there was a significant reduction (14%) in β-adrenergic receptor density in the right atrium in the diabetic (61 ± 3 fmol/mg protein) versus the nondiabetic group (71 ± 3) (P < 0.05). The content of guanosine triphosphate binding regulatory proteins (Gs and Gi) in the right atrium was not affected by diabetes, nor was adenylyl cyclase activity under unstimulated conditions or with receptor-dependent stimulation with isoproterenol. On the other hand, adenylyl cyclase activity was 34% lower when directly stimulated with forskolin, and it was reduced by 23% when stimulated through Gs with Gpp(NH)p. In conclusion, beta-adrenergic stimulation of heart rate with isoproteronol and the receptor-dependent signal transduction pathway remained intact in the right atrium of diabetic swine despite reduced beta-adrenergic receptor density, G-protein content, and direct stimulation of adenylyl cyclase activity.Key words: diabetes, G-proteins, heart rate, receptors, signal transduction.
Prophylactic Inhaled Nitric Oxide for the Amelioration of Reperfusion Injury in Lung Transplantation (2007)

Objectives: The prophylactic administration of inhaled nitric oxide (NO) during reperfusion after lung transplantation has been shown to reduce neutrophil-induced injury in animal models. Questions regarding efficacy in the clinical setting and concerns regarding increased free radical injury remain.\n\nMethods: Twenty bilateral sequential lung transplant recipients were randomised to receive 20ppm inhaled NO (NO group) or standard anaesthetic gas mixture (Control group) from the onset of ventilation. Broncho-alveolar lavage was performed immediately prior to implantation and after 30 minutes of reperfusion and analysed for inflammatory cytokine levels and free radical surrogates. Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) scoring was performed prospectively for 72 hours post-transplant.\n\nResults: The prophylactic administration of nitric oxide during the first 30 minutes of reperfusion had no statistically significant effect on the development of Grade II–III PGD (5/10 vs.7/10, p=0.36) or gas exchange (AUC 429±296 vs. 336±306, p=0.64) in the NO and Control groups respectively. Pulmonary neutrophil sequestration, as measured by the transpulmonary arterio-venous neutrophil difference, was not influenced by the administration of NO. Pre-implantation lavage IL8 concentration correlated non-significantly, (73.3 ng/mg urea 95% CI 13.3–1,218.3 vs. 30.1 ng/mg urea 95% CI 1.1–157.6, p=0.22) and post-reperfusion IL8 significantly, with the development of PGD (232.9 ng/mg urea 95% CI 8.1–806.5 vs. 9.3 ng/mg urea 95% CI 0.4–65.9, p=0.015) for those with-and without PGD respectively. Prophylactic NO did not significantly alter the up-regulation of IL8, myeloperoxidase, or nitrotyrosine during transplantation. \n\nConclusions: The findings of this study do not support the use of prophylactic inhaled nitric oxide in an attempt to prevent lung reperfusion injury.
ChemInform Abstract: A Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Phenylbenzothiazoles. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Review on cold thermal energy storage applied to refrigeration systems using phase change materials (2020)

This paper presents a thorough review on the recent developments and latest research studies on cold thermal energy storage (CTES) using phase change materials (PCM) applied to refrigeration systems. The presented study includes a classification of the different types of PCMs applied for air conditioning (AC) systems (20 °C) to low-temperature freezing of food (−60 °C). An overview of the influencing thermophysical properties of PCMs, as well as their respective characterisation methods, are presented. The current available PCMs on the market in the temperature range 10 °C to −65 °C are listed. Finally, research on CTES using PCMs in refrigeration systems are reviewed and grouped into applications for food transport and packaging, commercial refrigeration and various other refrigeration systems. The findings show that using ice/water as PCM for AC applications is the most commonly studied system, due to widespread use of these systems, expected growth in the future and low cost of using water as the PCM. Over the last ten years the published research integrating CTES in different parts of the food cold chain, using water-salt solutions and paraffin PCM in both active and passive methods, has increased. Suggestions for the integration of CTES in supermarkets and industrial applications are also emerging. The technology has received increased interest from the scientific community the last five years, due to the benefits of achieving peak shaving of the refrigeration demand, exploiting low-cost electricity hours and offering backup refrigeration in case of blackouts.
Flexible Coloring Element by Using Bending Deformation of Electroactive Hydrogel (2016)

SUMMARY We demonstrated coloring elements with high ratio change of the coloring area by using bending deformation of electroactive hydrogel. By using the nondimensional deflection α of a gel, we showed that the response time for the color change and the thickness of the coloring element can be designed. We fabricated a 3 × 3 dot‐matrix display with α of 0.56 and evaluated the performance of the coloring element. As a result, the coloring area ratios in black state and colored state were 7.64 ± 4.6% and 92.1 ± 4.6%, respectively. The response times were 12 s from blank state to colored state, and 13 s from colored state to blank state.
Neither <scp>l</scp> -Arginine nor L-NAME Affects Neurological Outcome After Global Ischemia in Cats (1997)

Nitric oxide is not important in the mechanism of brain injury after global ischemia in cats.
Experiments on the Bone-Conduction Threshold in a Free Sound Field (1959)

Earlier investigators of the free-field bone-conduction threshold occluded the auditory meatus with plugs and muffs and reasoned by various arguments that the real-ear attenuation obtained was less than the attenuation provided for air-conducted sound. The conclusion was that the sound perceived reaches the auditory system via bone conduction, i.e., not through the auditory meatus. The present experiments are a check on these conclusions for the higher frequencies. With the auditory canal occluded, the whole skull or sections of it, excluding the muffs, was covered with a 2-in. layer of absorbent cotton. A higher free-field threshold with the cotton indicated that without cotton the sound was reaching the ear via bone. (The SPL over the muffs was not altered by the cotton.) Cotton over the face and back of head raised the bone-conduction threshold by 10 to 18 db (2000 to 8000 cps). Bone conduction thresholds measured previously were confirmed from 1000 to 8000 cps. Front and back of the head were approximately of equal sensitivity with respect to bone conduction. Covering only the side of the head facing the sound source raised the threshold more than covering the “shadow” side alone. The results suggest a possible method for improving the effectiveness of special noise attenuating devices.
Robust Risk-Constrained Unit Commitment With Large-Scale Wind Generation: An Adjustable Uncertainty Set Approach (2016)

This paper addresses two vital issues which are barely discussed in the literature on robust unit commitment (RUC): 1) how much the potential operational loss could be if the realization of uncertainty is beyond the prescribed uncertainty set; 2) how large the prescribed uncertainty set should be when it is used for RUC decision making. In this regard, a robust risk-constrained unit commitment (RRUC) formulation is proposed to cope with large-scale volatile and uncertain wind generation. Differing from existing RUC formulations, the wind generation uncertainty set in RRUC is adjustable via choosing diverse levels of operational risk. By optimizing the uncertainty set, RRUC can allocate operational flexibility of power systems over spatial and temporal domains optimally, reducing operational cost in a risk-constrained manner. Moreover, since impact of wind generation realization out of the prescribed uncertainty set on operational risk is taken into account, RRUC outperforms RUC in the case of rare events. The traditional column and constraint generation (C&CG) and two algorithms based on C&CG are adopted to solve the RRUC. As the proposed algorithms are quite general, they can also apply to other RUC models to improve their computational efficiency. Simulations on a modified IEEE 118-bus system demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed methodology.
<b>ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TWO NEUROPEPTIDE Ys FROM THE HYPOTHALAMUS OF A YELLOWFIN TUNA, <i>Thunnus </i></b><b><i>albacares </i></b> (1997)

High concentration of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity (NPY-IR) was detected in the extract of yellowfin tuna (Thimnus albacares) hypothalamus by radioimmunoassay using antiserum specific to human NPY (26.1 i 0.8 pmol equivalent to human NPY per gram of tissue). This NPY-IR component was isolated from the crude extracts of tuna hypothalami. Two components, tuna NPY-I and NPY-II, were purified by gel filtration followed by reverse phase HPLC. The structural analysis revealed that both components comprised of 36 amino acid residues with the C-terminal amide. The amino acid sequence of tuna NPY-I is H-Tyr-Pro-Pro-Lys-Pro-Glu-Asn-Pro-Gly-Glu-Asp-Ala-Pro-Pro-Glu-Glu-Leu-Ala-Lys-Tyr-Tyr-Thr-Ala-Leu-Arg-His-Tyr-Ile-Asn-Leu-Ile-Thr-Arg-Gln-Arg-Tyr-NH2 and that of tuna NPY-II is H-Tyr-Pro-Val-Lys-Pro-Glu-Asn-Pro-Gly-Glu-Asp-Ala-Pro-Pro-Ala-Glu-Leu-Ala-Lys-Tyr-Tyr-Ser-Ala-Leu-Arg-His-Tyr-Ile-Asn-Leu-Ile-Thr-Arg-Gln-Arg-Tyr-NH2. Tuna fish was found to contain two different types of NPY, NPY-I and II, with seven residue substitutions when compared with human NPY.
Predictors of onset and offset of drug effect (2001)

Summary Anaesthesiologists administer a wide variety of drugs, including benzodiazepines, opioids, intravenous anaesthetic agents, volatile anaesthetic agents, muscle relaxants, local anaesthetics, and other drugs, especially those influencing the cardiovascular system. Sometimes a drug is chosen because of its better effect and/or side-effect profile. However, many of the drugs within each group have similar effect and/or side-effect profiles and differ mainly in their pharmacokinetics. The choice of one drug over another may then need to be based on differences in their pharmacokinetic profiles. Traditional predictors of onset of drug effect, such as time to a specified effect, are dose-dependent. Traditional predictors of offset of drug effect, such as ‘terminal half-life’, often have little clinical relevance. Newer descriptors offer significant advantages. The time to peak effect-site concentration is an informative dose-independent descriptor of the onset of drug effect following an intravenous bolus dose. The relevant decrement time (for continuous measures of drug effect) and mean effect time (for binary measures of drug effect) build upon the context-sensitive half-time concept, by considering the time required for the concentrations to decrease from one clinically relevant level of drug effect to another.