gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Intensity Laser Induced Ion Acceleration from Heavy-Water Droplets (2003)

Fusion neutrons from a heavy water droplet target irradiated with laser pulses of $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{19}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{W}/{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ and from a deuterated secondary target are observed by a time-of-flight (TOF) neutron spectrometer. The observed TOF spectrum can be explained by fusion of deuterium ions simultaneously originating from two different sources: ion acceleration in the laser focus by ponderomotively induced charge separation and target-normal sheath acceleration off the target rear surface. The experimental findings agree well with 3D particle-in-cell simulations.
The development and analysis of geopotential coefficient models to spherical harmonic degree 360 (1990)

The GEM‐T2 potential coefficient model (incomplete to degree 50) has been combined, in a least squares sense, with 30 arc min mean anomalies, to obtain an adjusted set of coefficients and gravity anomalies. The adjusted anomalies were then harmonically analyzed to yield a set of potential coefficients to degree 360. The 30 arc min mean anomalies were estimated from terrestrial gravity data, from altimeter‐derived anomalies, and from 1°×1° terrestrial anomalies where such data were available. For areas devoid of gravity information, the anomalies were computed in two ways: (1) from the GEM‐T2 coefficients and (2) from the GEM‐T2 coefficients to degree 36 plus coefficients implied by a topographic/isostatic model. These “fill‐in” anomalies led to two potential coefficient models: OSU89A and OSU89B. The new models were checked in several ways including satellite orbit residual analysis, Geosat undulation comparisons, and Global Positioning System (GPS)/leveling undulation differences. The orbit fits (carried out by NASA) showed improvement over GEM‐T2. After correction for sea surface topography, orbit error, and permanent tidal effects, the geoid undulations from the OSU89B model have an RMS discrepancy with the Geosat‐implied undulation of ±59 cm over a complete 17‐day exact repeat cycle. The comparisons with GPS information indicate the accuracy of the computation of a relative undulation is of the order of 3–4 ppm of the distance between stations. The new models represent a substantial improvement over previous high‐degree expansions.
Resource reservation in advance in heterogeneous networks with partial ATM infrastructures (2002)

Resource reservation in advance (ReRA) enables scheduling and allocation of resources at an early stage in time. This way, the availability of resources can actually be guaranteed for the point in time when the resources are needed. As opposed to that, current reservation protocols such as RSVP perform an "immediate" reservation without advance scheduling. They can therefore suffer shortage of resources with subsequent rejection of applications. This paper describes our new approach for providing resource reservation in advance in ATM networks. As a foundation, we first present experiences of IPng and RSVP over ATM. Based on this work, we then discuss major design issues of an appropriate ReRA solution. Important aspects are the signalling model for ReRA, the admission control strategy, the duration of connections, and various other time-related parameters. We also discuss our ongoing implementation of ReRA as an extension of RSVP and outline directions for future research in this area.
Urea cycle disorders (2014)

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
How to Find Hidden Users: A Survey of Attacks on Anonymity Networks (2015)

Communication privacy has been a growing concern, particularly with the Internet becoming a major hub of our daily interactions. Revelations of government tracking and corporate profiling have resulted in increasing interest in anonymous communication mechanisms. Several systems have been developed with the aim of preserving communication privacy via unlinkability within a public network environment such as Tor and I2P. As the anonymity networks cannot guarantee perfect anonymity, it is important for users to understand the risks they might face when utilizing such technologies. In this paper, we discuss potential attacks on the anonymity networks that can compromise user identities and communication links. We also summarize protection mechanisms against such attacks. Many attacks against anonymity networks are well studied, and most of the modern systems have built-in mechanisms to prevent these attacks. Additionally, some of the attacks require considerable resources to be effective and hence are very unlikely to succeed against modern anonymity networks.
DSDBASE: a consortium of native and modelled disulphide bonds in proteins (2003)

DSDBASE is a database of disulphide bonds in proteins, which provides information on native disulphides and those that are stereochemically possible between pairs of residues for all known protein structural entries. The modelling of disulphides has been performed, using MODIP, by the identification of residue pairs that can strainlessly accommodate a covalent cross-link. We also assess the stereochemical quality of the covalent cross-link and grade them appropriately. One of the potential uses of the database is to design site-directed mutants in order to enhance the thermal stability of a protein. The proposed sites of mutations can be viewed specifically with respect to active sites of enzymes and across physiological dimers. The occurrence of native and modelled disulphides increases the dimensions of the database enormously. This database can also be employed for proposing three-dimensional models of disulphide-rich short polypeptides. The database can be accessed from http://www.ncbs.res.in/ approximately faculty/mini/dsdbase/dsdbase.html. Supplementary information can be accessed from http://www.ncbs.res.in/ approximately faculty/mini/dsdbase/nar/suppl.htm.
Inkjet-printed Cu source/drain electrodes for solution-deposited thin film transistors (2010)

We report on the first utility of Cu nanoparticle inks as low-cost, printable electrodes in the fabrication of solution-deposited amorphous oxide semiconductor thin film transistors. The performance of printed Cu electrodes was studied in terms of involvements of surface states in the devices. The surface chemical structures of Cu nanoparticulate electrodes were observed to be modified, dependent on the molecular weight of the polyvinylpyrrolidone capping molecules used in their synthesis. The surface dipoles became weak, and the work function of the printed electrodes decreased with increasing the molecular weight. The work function tailored by introducing the larger capping agents allowed for a better energetic leveling with the metal oxide semiconductor layer, resulting in the improved device performance.
Evaluation of histopathologic and physiologic changes in cows having premature births after consuming Ponderosa pine needles (1989)

Premature calving, typified by early expulsion (17 to 43 days) of weak or dead calves and accompanied by retained placentas, was induced in 8 of 9 pregnant cows fed a mixture of Ponderosa pine needles and alfalfa hay. Five control cows of comparable gestation age fed only alfalfa hay maintained normal pregnancies until they were euthanatized at the time the pine needle-treated cows were producing premature calves. Serum specimens from all cows were assayed for progesterone concentration and ovaries and placentomes were examined for histopathologic changes. There were no bacterial, fungal, chlamydial, or viral agents determined to be associated with the premature births. Serum progesterone concentration in the treated cows decreased progressively and were 0.4 to 1.5 ng/ml at the time of premature calving. Histopathologic changes were evident in the placenta and corpora lutea of treated cows only. The number of binucleate trophoblastic giant cells in placentomes was less than normal and the number of necrotic luteal cells in corpora lutea was greater than normal.
Шульц В. Л., Кульба В. В., Шелков А. Б., Чернов И. В. Методология управления техногенной безопасностью объектов инфраструктуры железнодорожного транспорта на основе индикаторного подхода (2013)

Читать онлайн статью 'Методология управления техногенной безопасностью объектов инфраструктуры железнодорожного транспорта на основе индикаторного подхода', Шульц В. Л., Кульба В. В., Шелков А. Б., Чернов И. В., в электронном журнале Тренды и управление. - 2013. - N3 на сайте nbpublish.com
Silver-catalysed trifluoromethylation of arenes at room temperature (2013)

A variety of heteroarenes and electron rich arenes can be trifluoromethylated at room temperature with TMSCF3, catalytic silver and PhI(OAc)2.
Association of a common polymorphism in the cyclooxygenase 2 gene with risk of non-small cell lung cancer (2003)

Studies have indicated that inflammation, in conjunction with the production of reactive oxygen species, may play a key role in lung cancer development. In this study, 250 lung cancer patients and 214 controls were genotyped for polymorphisms of the inflammation-related genes prostaglandin synthase-2/cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2/PTGS2), interleukin-6 (IL6), interleukin-8 (IL8) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARg). We found that carriers of the C allele of a polymorphism in the 3'-UTR of COX2 had a significantly increased risk of lung cancer, with odds ratios of 4.28 (95% CI, 2.44-7.49) for homozygotes and 2.12 (95% CI, 1.25-3.59) for heterozygotes. Additionally, we found that an IL8 promoter polymorphism had a protective effect for lung cancer in female subjects, whereas an IL6 promoter polymorphism was only associated with risk of squamous cell carcinoma. This is the first study implicating polymorphisms in inflammatory genes in the risk of lung cancer.
A three-dimensional data model in HBase for large time-series dataset analysis (2012)

In the transition of applications from the traditional enterprise infrastructures to cloud infrastructures, scalable database management system plays an important role in efficiently managing and analysing unprecedented massive amount of data. Compared to RDBMSs, NoSQL databases, are more attractive in addressing this challenge. However, it is not easy to manage data in NoSQL database effectively for non-expert users because of the rare data-organization support. A poor data organization may accidentally abuse the features of NoSQL database and achieve unsatisfactory performance. Therefore, a systematic method for NoSQL database data-schema design is a timely and important problem for researchers and practitioners. HBase, as a particular NoSQL database offering, relies (a) on HDFS, for its distributed and replicated storage, and (b) on coprocessors, for efficient parallel query processing. To harness the potential parallelism benefits, an appropriate partitioning of the data across the HBase storage is required. we investigate the effectiveness of the three-dimensional data model, which uses the “version” dimension of HBase to store the values of a data item over time. We have experimented and evaluated the performance impact of this type of data model with two data sets, of different sizes and different time lengths. For each of these data sets, we have compared the performance of several ad-hoc queries, implemented with HBase Coprocessors framework, across different data schemas, some of which (do not) use the third HBase dimension. The experiment results demonstrate improved performance with the data schemas that use the third dimension of HBase.
A Comparison of Ropivacaine and Bupivacaine for Cervical Plexus Block (2001)

Compared with bupivacaine (150 mg), a larger dose of ropivacaine (225 mg) produces comparable features of cervical plexus block but less postoperative analgesia and larger plasma concentrations. There is no reason to favor ropivacaine in such a case.
Developing Preservice Writing Teachers’ Professional Judgment: Design Conjectures for Supporting Equitable and Rigorous Writing Instruction (2016)

To meet the composition demands of the future, secondary students in the United States will need more rigorous and more equitable writing instruction. They will need opportunities to inquire into and frame authentic problems. They will need to communicate for a variety of audiences and purposes, and they will need access to a variety of linguistic and literary forms. In turn, secondary teachers will need improved preparation for teaching writing. This conceptual review outlines what intellectually rigorous and equitable writing instruction looks like, arguing that teaching writing in these ways requires that teachers deploy substantial professional judgment. I then rely on sociocultural ideas about concept development, as well as recent research on practice-based teacher education, to build a theoretical framework for thinking about how teacher educators—across disciplines—can support teachers in developing professional judgment, rather than technical skills, for rigorous and equitable instruction. Finally, I make this theoretical framework specific to writing by reviewing research on how secondary teachers learn to teach writing. The result is a set of design conjectures for how we, in the field of writing teacher education, might design activities capable of supporting preservice writing teachers in learning to teach writing rigorously, equitably, and with professional judgment.
Effect of conditioned medium from coculture of astrocytes and β-amyloid-induced apoptotic PC12 cells on the differentiation of neural stem cells and the possible mechanism (2009)

Objective To observe the effect of the conditioned medium obtained from the coculture of astrocytes and β-amyloid (Aβ1-40)-induced apoptotic PC12 cells on the neuronal differentiation efficiency of neural stem cells (NSCs), and investigate the possible involvement of the neurotrophins proteins including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF)and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) in the induced differentiation of the NSCs. Methods PCI2 cells wereinduced by Aβ1-40 for different time lengths (0, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h), and after detection of the apoptotic rates using flow cytometry, the cells were cocultured with astrocytes for 2 days. The astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM), after analysis of the neurotrophins proteins using erLzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), was mixed with DMEM/F12 medium at the proportion of 1:3 to induce the differentiation of the NSCs. The cell differentiation was identified by laser confocal microscopy, NSE immunofluorescent labeling, and neuronal counting. Results Flow cytometry showed that induction by Aβ1-40 for 6 h resulted in the highest apoptosis rate of PC12 cells (P<0.05). BDNF content in the ACM derived from the coculture of astrocytes and the PC12 cells induced for 6 h was significantly increased, and the NSCs induced in this ACM showed the highest neuronal differentiation rates, showing significant difference from those induced by other ACMs (P<0.05). Conclusion The ACM derived from the coculture of Aβ1-40-induced PC12 cells and astrocytes can increase the neuronal differentiation rates of NSCs in vitro, and BDNF in the ACM may play a role in this process.

Key words: 
Astrocytes;  Neural stem cells;  Neuronal differentiation;  Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Amino Acid Imbalance (1965)

T h e term 'amino acid imbalance' can be used in different ways. It can be used to describe any fairly drastic change in the pattern of amino acids in a diet, particularly one that leads to adverse effects. Used in this way it is non-specific and its historical significance is lost. We use the term in a more restricted way to describe dietary amino acid patterns resembling those originally referred to as amino acid imbalances by Elvehjem & Krehl (1955).
Myoblast Transfer: The Therapy For Muscular Dystrophy (1994)

This text is devoted to the development of a treatment for human muscular dystrophies called myoblast transfer therapy. Written by the pioneer of the procedure, the text presents a review with critical evaluation of both basic experimentation and clinical trials. Traversing the fields of genetics, neurology, paediatrics, immunology, surgery and developmental biology, this book describes current methodology and results of the clinical trial, as well as explaining future perspectives.
Karl Fischer Reagent Titration (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKarl Fischer Reagent TitrationJohn Mitchell, Jr.Cite this: Anal. Chem. 1951, 23, 8, 1069–1075Publication Date (Print):August 17, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 17 August 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60056a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60056a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views446Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fetomaternal Hemorrhage (2010)

Fetomaternal hemorrhage refers to the entry of fetal blood into the maternal circulation before or during delivery. Antenatal fetomaternal hemorrhage is a pathological condition with a wide spectrum of clinical variation. Secondary to the resultant anemia, fetomaternal hemorrhage may have devastating consequences for the fetus such as neurologic injury, stillbirth, or neonatal death. Presentation is frequently without an evident precipitating factor. Recognition may become apparent only after injury has occurred, if at all. The most common antenatal presentation is decreased fetal activity and a heightened index of suspicion is warranted in cases of persistent maternal perception of decreased fetal movements. The diagnostic standard, the Kleihauer-Betke screen, has several limitations. Management remains challenging. When detected antenatally, cordocentesis with intrauterine transfusion may be attempted to correct the anemia; however, repeat intrauterine transfusion or delivery may be necessitated to correct ongoing bleeding. Although the occurrence of large antenatal fetomaternal hemorrhage is fortunately rare, this entity likely remains underreported and underrecognized. A national registry should be created to advance our learning across institutions by reviewing the clinical presentations of fetomaternal hemorrhage, the variety of fetal heart rate tracings observed, the management strategies undertaken, and the outcomes achieved.
In-Scale Motion Compensation for Spatially Scalable Video Coding (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In existing pyramid-based spatially scalable coding schemes, such as H.264/MPEG-4 SVC (scalable video coding), video frame at a certain high-resolution layer is mainly predicted either from the same frame at the next lower resolution layer, or from the temporal neighboring frames within the same resolution layer. But these schemes fail to exploit both kinds of correlation simultaneously and therefore cannot remove the redundancies among resolution layers efficiently. This paper extends the idea of spatiotemporal subband transform and proposes a general in-scale motion compensation technique for pyramid-based spatially scalable video coding. Video frame at each high-resolution layer is partitioned into two parts in frequency. Prediction for the lowpass part is derived from the next lower resolution layer, whereas prediction for the highpass part is obtained from neighboring frames within the same resolution layer, to further utilize temporal correlation. In this way, both kinds of correlation are exploited simultaneously and the cross-resolution-layer redundancy can be highly removed. Furthermore, this paper also proposes a macroblock-based adaptive in-scale technique for hybrid spatial and SNR scalability. Experimental results show that the proposed techniques can significantly improve the spatial scalability performance of H.264/MPEG-4 SVC, especially when the bit-rate ratio of lower resolution bit stream to higher resolution bit stream is considerable. </para>
3D-WASP devices for on-line signal and data processing (1994)

While hybrid and monolithic Wafer-Scale Integration (WSI) technologies have brought about dramatic improvements in the density of integration of embedded massively parallel computers (MPCs), systems and applications engineers continue to demand ever more processing power in less space. The emerging technology of 3D-WSI offers a way of meeting this challenge, giving the potential for step-function increases in parallelism using existing WSI package options. It also permits independent scaling of I/O, parallel processing power and control, leading to a degree of cost-effectiveness that conventional 2D-WSI cannot match. The paper explores the potential of 3D-WASP (WSI Associative String Processor) and reports the results of a study into the engineering feasibility of such a device. This study suggests that a single 3D-WASP device, packages in a standard 2.5"/spl times/2.5"/spl times/0.25" can could deliver 100 Giga-OPS performance form 65536 processing elements, provide up to 64 input-output data channels of 16 bits each and dissipate only 25 W.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
(Arene)ruthenium Complexes with Bis(oxazolines):  Synthesis and Applications as Asymmetric Catalysts for Diels−Alder Reactions (2001)

Reaction of the dimers [RuCl2(arene)]2 (arene = benzene, p-cymene, mesitylene) with bis(oxazolines) (N-N = bis(2-oxazoline) (box), 2,2-bis(2-oxazolinyl)propane (bop), 1,2-bis(2-oxazolinyl)benzene (benbox)) in the presence of NaSbF6 gives the complexes [RuCl(N-N)(arene)][SbF6] (1−8), which have been fully characterized. Treatment of these cations with AgSbF6 generates dications which in some cases are enantioselective catalysts for Diels−Alder reaction of methacrolein and cyclopentadiene. Two complexes, [RuCl(iPr-benbox)(p-cymene)][SbF6] (5) and [Ru(OH2)(iPr-bop)(mes)][SbF6]2 (10; mes = mesitylene), have been characterized by X-ray crystallography.
Educational Innovation and the Market for Geographers in Hungary (2001)

This paper examines the status o f geography in higher education in Hungaiy. Stress is placed on reforms begun in the 1990s to launch new curricula fo r training professional geographers. The authors played an important role in developing this new curriculum by introducing new subjects into geography programmes, working out the scope and sequence of courses, obtaining accreditation and carrying out market research fo r graduates. The project was motivated by a decline in demand fo r geography and geography teachers in secondary schools accompanied by an increase in demand fo r geographers trained to work in public administration, government and business. The graduates o f the new professional geographer curriculum receive a practice-oriented education designed to cultivate their spatial problem solving and applied geographical skills. In this paper the authors present the steps in the curriculum reform and suggest that it may serve as a model fo r reform in a number of nearby countries planning to join the EU.