gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Green and efficient diazotization-iodination of aryl amines using cellulose sulfuric acid as a biodegradable and recyclable proton source under solvent-free condition (2012)

This article describes simple and efficient method for the diazotization and iodination of different aromatic amines over cellulose sulfuric acid, sodium nitrite and potassium iodide under solvent-free conditions at room temperature. Various aryl amines possessing electron-withdrawing groups or electron-donating groups are converted into the corresponding aryl iodides in 54%–97% yields. Advantages of this methodology are the use of mild reaction conditions, avoiding the use of harmful acids and toxic solvents and short reaction time.
Purification and Characterization of SopA and SopB Proteins Essential for F Plasmid Partitioning (1989)

Mini-F plasmid has the trans-acting genes sopA and sopB and the cis-acting site sopC which are essential for accurate partitioning of plasmid DNA molecules into both daughter cells. In this study, we purified independently SopA and SopB proteins, analyzed the in vitro DNA-binding activity of these proteins by the gel retardation assay, and determined the precise binding sites of DNA by the footprinting method. SopA binds to four repeated sequences (CTTTGC) located in the promoter-operator region of the sopAB operon. The SopA binding activity is enhanced by the addition of SopB protein. SopB protein itself does not bind to this DNA region. These results suggest that the complex of SopA and SopB proteins autoregulate the expression of the sopA-sopB operon. On the other hand, SopB protein binds to the sopC region, in which 12 direct repeats of 43-base pairs nucleotides exist. SopB protein recognizes the inverted repeats of 7 base pairs in each direct repeats. SopA protein does not affect the SopB binding activity to the sopC DNA segment.
Technology requirements for an orbiting fuel depot - A necessary element of a space infrastructure (1988)

Advanced planning within NASA has identified several bold space exploration initiatives. The successful implementation of these missions will require a supporting space infrastructure which would include a fuel depot, an orbiting facility to store, transfer and process large quantities of cryogenic fluids. In order to adequately plan the technology development programs required to enable the construction and operation of a fuel depot, a multidisciplinary workshop was convened to assess critical technologies and their state of maturity. Since technology requirements depend strongly on the depot design assumptions, several depot concepts are presented with their effect on criticality ratings. Over 70 depot-related technology areas are addressed.
Treatment of women in the U.S. Social Security system, 1970-88. (1993)

This article, a reprint of a paper presented in 1988 to the International Social Security Association, traces the debate from 1970 through 1988 over treatment of women in the Social Security system. It traces issues relating to working women, couples with two earners, homemakers, widows, and divorced women. It describes the debate that led to widespread support for the concept of earnings sharing. It then addresses the paradox that despite continued widespread support for earnings sharing, despite continuation of the factors underlying its proposal, by 1988 no comprehensive legislation related to the treatment of women under Social Security had been enacted nor was being generally contemplated. This is still true in 1993. The article argues that apparently insoluble, inherent conflicts among the objectives underlying earnings sharing ultimately doomed its enactment. Cost considerations, the realization of unintended side effects, and issues relating to transition to a very different Social Security system also helped remove earnings sharing from the legislative agenda. The article also describes the role policy analysis played in the debate over this proposed reform.
180-nm mask fabrication process using ZEP 7000, multipass gray, GHOST, and dry etch for MEBES 5000 (1998)

Advanced reticle specifications for resolution, critical dimension (CD) control and CD linearity of 180-nm generation devices require large-scale improvements to maskmaking processes. The approximately 200 nm of bias required with widely used wet etch processes will not meet these specifications. A solution to the high bias requirement of wet etch processing is to implement a plasma or dry etch process. Plasma etch processing has been shown to have little or no undercutting. However, some of the standard resists used with electron beam (e-beam) exposure of photomasks have poor dry etch characteristics. ZEP 7000 is an e-beam resist that has good dry etch resistance while exhibiting superior lithographic quality. In this paper, processes using ZEP 7000 resist and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching are described. The combination of these operations can result in zero bias or near zero bias process with e-beam exposure of photomasks. While the required dose for ZEP 7000 is higher than that of PBS, the higher beam current capability of newer e-beam systems, together with multipass writing strategies, enables the use of these slower resists without throughput penalty. Optimization of the development process was done using a two-component solvent developer. A puddle process was investigated for optimizing sensitivity, edge slope, resist loss, mean-to-target control, and CD uniformity. Dry etching with ICP has been shown to etch chromium films with good selectivity to the resist, give a highly anisotropic etch, and, most significantly, show insensitivity to loading effects. The net result of this effort is the development of a process that gives excellent CD control when meeting MEBES 5000 system requirements for 180-nm maskmaking. Data on resolution, CD control, and defects are presented using this process.
Control of DNA replication licensing in a cell cycle (2002)

To maintain genome integrity in eukaryotes, DNA must be duplicated precisely once before cell division occurs. A process called replication licensing ensures that chromosomes are replicated only once per cell cycle. Its control has been uncovered by the discovery of the CDKs (cyclin dependent kinases) as master regulators of the cell cycle and the initiator proteins of DNA replication, such as the Origin Recognition Complex (ORC), Cdc6/18, Cdt1 and the MCM complex. At the end of mitosis, the MCM complex is loaded on to chromatin with the aid of ORC, Cdc6/18 and Cdt1, and chromatin becomes licensed for replication. CDKs, together with the Cdc7 kinase, trigger the initiation of replication, recruiting the DNA replicating enzymes on sites of replication. The activated MCM complex appears to play a key role in the DNA unwinding step, acting as a replicating helicase and moves along with the replication fork, at the same time bringing the origins to the unlicensed state. The cycling of CDK activity in the cell cycle separates the two states of replication origins, the licensed state in G1-phase and the unlicensed state for the rest of the cell cycle. Only when CDK drops at the completion of mitosis, is the restriction on licensing relieved and a new round of replication is allowed. Such a CDK-regulated licensing control is conserved from yeast to higher eukaryotes, and ensures that DNA replication takes place only once in a cycle. Xenopus laevis and mammalian cells have an additional system to control licensing. Geminin, whose degradation at the end of mitosis is essential for a new round of licensing, has been shown to bind Cdt1 and negatively regulate it, providing a new insight into the regulation of DNA replication in higher eukaryotes.
Relationship between fasting serum glucose, age, body mass index and serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D in postmenopausal women (2005)

Fasting serum glucose increased as 25(OH)D levels fell throughout the range of serum 25(OH)D measured but the greatest increase was observed in those with 25(OH)D below 40 nmol/l.
On the Specification of Partitionable Group Membership (2008)

Group communication in partitionable systems has been the focus of many research activities over the last decade. Fault-tolerant applications in a partitionable system model generally rely on two basic services: a group membership service and a reliable multicast service. The paper considers two of the most prominent specifications forsuch services that appear in the literature. Based on these specifications, the paper shows that one specification can be satisfied by a trivial implementation and the other, which basically extends the first one, requires additional system assumptions, which are discussed in the paper. The paper shows that the specifications of group communication in partitionable systems has not yet reached the level of maturity of the so called primary partition specifications.
Review of the accuracy of multi‐parametric MRI prostate in detecting prostate cancer within a local reporting service (2020)

This study confirms PIRADS has high accuracy, sensitivity and NPV for detecting all CaP and csCaP. A high NPV may obviate need for biopsy in low-risk patients.
Association of the mitochondrial tRNA<sup>A4336G</sup> mutation with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases (1997)

Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases (AD, PD) are among the most common neurodegenerative disorders in adults. Both AD and PD have a complex aetiology, and it is widely considered that genetic factors, acting independently or in concert with other genetic and/or environmental factors, modify the risk of developing them. While the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) epsilon 4 allele represents an established risk factor for familial and sporadic late-onset AD, it has been suggested that a common polymorphism in the alpha 1-antichymotrypsin gene modifies the ApoE epsilon 4 dosage effect in AD. Moreover, it has been proposed that a mitochondrial tRNA(Gln) sequence variant (A4336G transition) confers an increased risk for both AD and PD. This finding is of particular interest as the A4336G mutation seems to predispose to two clinically and neuropathologically distinct neurodegenerative disorders. We have examined the allelic frequencies of these putative susceptibility genes in 28 neuropathologically confirmed cases of AD, 23 cases with Lewy-body PD and 100 age-matched controls without clinical or histological evidence of neurodegenerative disease. The ApoE epsilon 4 allele frequency was significantly overrepresented in AD patients vs controls (0.35 vs 0.11) but we could not find evidence for an association between the alpha 1-antichymotrypsin AA genotype, the ApoE epsilon 4 allele and AD. In contrast, the mtDNA(A4336G) mutation was present in one of AD cases and in two of 23 PD patients, whereas no mutation was found in 100 age-matched controls (P < 0.05). Our data therefore support the hypothesis that the mitochondrial A4336G mutation represents a risk factor for AD and PD.
Inhibition of neoplastic growth by N-homocysteine thiolactonyl retinamido cobalamin. (1989)

Because of the importance of homocysteine thiolactone metabolism in the growth of normal tissues, and because of abnormal metabolism of homocysteine thiolactone in malignant cells, N-substituted derivatives of homocysteine thiolactone were synthesized and assayed for antineoplastic and anticarcinogenic activities. A single dose of 2.5 mg/kg of the synthetic derivative, N-homocysteine thiolactonyl retinamido cobalamin, injected directly into subcutaneous human pancreatic adenocarcinoma neoplasms in athymic mice, caused 50% inhibition of growth without evidence of toxicity. The findings suggest a novel approach to counteracting the growth of malignant neoplasms and support the hypothesis of a deficiency of an N-homocysteine thiolactonyl derivative in malignant cells.
The interaction of oxygen vacancies with grain boundaries in monoclinic HfO2 (2009)

The diffusion and segregation of oxygen vacancies near a grain boundary in m-HfO2 is investigated by first principles calculations. We find that both neutral and positive vacancies segregate to the grain boundary. Positive vacancies, which are mobile in the bulk with activation energies for diffusion ∼0.7 eV, have enhanced mobility parallel to the boundary plane but once at the boundary face high barriers to climb out.
Some New Coumarins and Chromones and their Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome New Coumarins and Chromones and their Ultraviolet Absorption SpectraC. R. Jacobson, K. R. Brower, and E. D. AmstutzCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1953, 18, 9, 1117–1123Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo50015a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jo50015a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views145Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A method for the solution of the phase problem in electron microscopy (1973)

A method is given for the evaluation, in transmission electron microscopy, of the amplitude and phase from the intensity distribution of an electron micrograph. The method requires a minimum of two micrographs taken under different defocus conditions. The iterative scheme requires only the relative defocus between micrographs, and the procedure is valid both in bright-field and dark-field microscopy for any specified coherence of the electron source. Assumptions on the scattering properties of the specimen, such as the weak-phase-weak-amplitude object, are not required. For a complete determination of the amplitude-phase distribution for electron transmission through the specimen, the electron micrograph must be corrected for the effect of lens aberrations and defocusing to give the electron wavefunction immediately after transmission; only in the case of a weak-phase object can this wavefunction be directly related to the projected potential distribution in the object.
Digital image stabilization with sub-image phase correlation based global motion estimation (2003)

This paper presents digital image stabilization with sub-image phase correlation based global motion estimation and Kalman filtering based motion correction. Global motion is estimated from the local motions of four sub-images each of which is detected using phase correlation based motion estimation. The global motion vector is decided according to the peak values of sub-image phase correlation surfaces, instead of impartial median filtering. The peak values of sub-image phase correlation surfaces reveal reliable local motion vectors, as poorly matched sub images result in considerably lower peaks in the phase correlation surface due to spread. The utilization of sub-images enables fast implementation of phase correlation based motion estimation. The global motion vectors of image frames are accumulated to obtain global displacement vectors, that are Kalman filtered for stabilization.
Optogenetics for neurodegenerative diseases. (2016)

Neurodegenerative diseases are devastating conditions that lead to progressive degeneration of neurons. Neurodegeneration may result in ataxia, dementia, and muscle atrophies, etc. Despite enormous research efforts that have been made, there is lack of effective therapeutic interventions for most of these diseases. Optogenetics is a recently developed novel technique that combines optics and genetics to modulate the activity of specific neurons. Optogenetics has been implemented in various studies including neuropsychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. This review focuses on the recent advance in using this technique for the studies of common neurodegenerative diseases.
Reduced Detailed Mechanism for Methane Combustion (2012)

Simulated results from a detailed elementary reaction mechanism for methane-containing species in flames consisting of nitrogen (NOx), C1 or C2 fuels are presented, and compared with reduced mechanism; this mechanism have been constructed with the analysis of the rate sensitivity matrix f (PCAF method), and the computational singular perturbation (CSP). The analysis was performed on solutions of unstrained adiabatic premixed flames with detailed chemical kinetics described by GRI 3.0 for methane including NOx formation. A 9-step reduced mechanism for methane has been constructed which reproduces accurately laminar burning velocities, flame temperatures and mass fraction distributions of major species for the whole flammability range. Many steady-state species are also predicted satisfactorily. This mechanism is especially for lean flames. This mechanism is accurate for a wide range of the equivalence ratio (1, 0.9, 0.8, and 0.7) and for pressures as high as 40 atm to 60 atm. For both fuels, the CSP algorithm automatically pointed to the same steady-state species as those identified by laborious analysis or intuition in the literature and the global reactions were similar to well established previous methane-reduced mechanisms. This implies that the method is very well suited for the study of complex mechanisms for heavy hydrocarbon combustion.
Metabolites from Aspergillus versicolor, an endolichenic fungus from the lichen Lobaria retigera (2014)

Three new anthraquinone derivatives (1-3) and one new artifact (4) were isolated, along with six known anthraquinone derivatives (5-10) and three xanthones (11-13), from a culture of an endolichenic fungus, Aspergillus versicolor, that was isolated from the lichen Lobaria retigera. The structures of these substances were determined on the basis of 1D and 2D (COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) NMR and MS analyses. The substances 1-4 were also tested for their cytotoxic activity.
Audio convolution by the mean of GPU: CUDA and OpenCL implementations (2012)

This paper focuses on the use of GPGPU (General-Purpose computing on Graphics Processing Units) for audio processing. This is a promising approach to problems where a high parallelization of tasks is desirable. Within the context of binaural spatialization we will develop a convolution engine having in mind both offline and real-time scenarios, and the support for multiple sound sources. Details on implementations and strategies used with both dominant technologies, namely CUDA and OpenCL, will be presented highlighting both advantages and issues. Comparisons between this approach and typical CPU implementations will be presented as well as between frequency (FFT) and time-domain approaches. Results will show that benefits exist in terms of execution time for a number of situations.
Electrical properties, microstructure, and thermal stability of Ta-based ohmic contacts annealed at low temperature for GaN HEMTs (2011)

Ta-based ohmic contacts to gallium nitride high electron mobility transistor (GaN HEMT) epitaxial structures were investigated. Two metallization schemes were considered: Ta/Al/Ni(Ta)/Au and Ta/Al/Ta. The latter was superior in terms of lower contact resistance (R-c) and wider process window. The metallizations were applied to two different heterostructures (GaN/Al0.14Ga0.86N/GaN and Al0.25Ga0.75N/GaN). The lowest measured R-c was 0.06 and 0.28 Omega mm, respectively. The main advantage of the Ta-based ohmic contacts over conventional Ti-based contacts was the low anneal temperature. The optimum temperature of annealing was found to be 550-575 degrees C. From optical and scanning electron microscopy, it was clear that excellent surface morphology and edge acuity were obtained at these low temperatures. This facilitates lateral scaling of the GaN HEMT. TEM images were taken of the contact cross sections onto which EDX measurements were performed. The aim was to investigate the microstructure and the contact mechanism. Storage tests at 300 degrees C for more than 400 h in air ambient showed no deterioration of R-c.
Über die Synthese eines physostigminähnlichen Körpers (1952)

Abstract Zum Studium des Verhältnisses von chemischer Konstitution und physostigminähnlicher Wirkung wurde das 1‐Methyl‐3‐spiro‐(N‐methyl‐piperidin‐4)‐5‐N‐methylcarbamoxy‐indolin aufgebaut. Die Synthese des entsprechenden Urethans in 6‐Stellung wurde bis zur Äthoxy‐indolin‐Stufe, diejenige des Analogons in 7‐Stellung bis zur Oxyoxindol‐Stufe durchgeführt.
Extended Virulence Genotypes of<i>Escherichia coli</i>Strains from Patients with Urosepsis in Relation to Phylogeny and Host Compromise (2000)

Among 75 urosepsis isolates of Escherichia coli, 29 virulence factor (VF) genes were detected by use of a novel polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Compared with probe hybridization, the PCR assay's specificity was 100% and sensitivity 97.1%. fyuA (yersiniabactin: overall prevalence, 93%), traT (serum resistance, 68%), and a pathogenicity-associated island marker (71%) occurred in most strains from both compromised and noncompromised hosts. Present in <20% of strains each were sfaS, focG (F1C fimbriae), afa/dra, bmaE (M fimbriae), gafD (G fimbriae), cnf1, cdtB (cytolethal distending toxin), cvaC (colicin V), and ibeA (invasion of brain endothelium). Different VFs were variously confined to virulence-associated phylogenetic group B2 (as defined by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis); concentrated in group B2, but with spread beyond; or concentrated outside of group B2. These findings provide novel insights into the VFs of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli and demonstrate the new PCR assay's utility for molecular epidemiological studies.
Neighborhood Integrated Matrix Factorization for Temporal Prediction (2015)

Link Mining and Temporal Link Prediction is becoming prominent trend in recent years. Link mining deals with different data sources that generates link data and this link data provide scope for collaborative filtering tasks, which is a pr ime requirement in recommending systems and a significant role is played in predictive analytics. The proposed introduction of Neighborhood Integrated Matrix Factorization method will improve the accuracy of missing value predictions as preheuristic task of Neighborhood Similarity Computation which produces object profiles.