gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonopsonic Phagocytosis of Group C <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> by Human Neutrophils (1998)

Although complement-mediated bactericidal activity in serum has long been known to be very important in host defense against Neisseria meningitidis, recent studies have shown that opsonic phagocytosis by neutrophils is also important. The purpose of this study was to determine if endemic group C N. meningitidis strains were susceptible to nonopsonic (complement- and antibody-independent) phagocytosis by human neutrophils, which is a well-described phenomenon for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Gonococci that possess one or more of a group of heat-modifiable outer membrane proteins (called opacity-associated [Opa] proteins) are phagocytosed by neutrophils in the absence of serum. We found that four serogroup C meningococcal strains bearing the lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) structure on lipooligosaccharide (LOS) were phagocytosed by neutrophils in the absence of antibody and active complement. Confocal microscopy confirmed that the organisms were internalized by neutrophils. This susceptibility was not restricted to carrier isolates, since two of the strains were cultured from blood or cerebrospinal fluid. All four strains expressed Opa protein and had relatively less endogenous LOS and capsule sialylation compared to six strains that were resistant to this type of phagocytosis. Nonopsonic phagocytosis of two of the four strains was inhibited by exogenous sialylation of LOS LNnT and the binding of monoclonal antibody to LNnT. However, an isogenic mutant that lacked the LNnT structure was fully susceptible to nonopsonic phagocytosis. We conclude that group C meningococci can be phagocytosed by neutrophils in the absence of antibody and active complement possibly by two different mechanisms. Expression of Opa protein and downregulation of endogenous surface sialic acids analogous to what is seen for N. gonorrhoeae might be necessary for N. meningitidis as well.
Selfish Constraint Satisfaction Genetic Algorithm for Planning a Long-distance Transportation Network (2008)

To build a cooperative logistics network covering multiple enterprises, a planning method that can build a long-distance transportation network is required. Many strict constraints are imposed on this type of problem. To solve this problem efficiently, a selfish-constraint-satisfaction genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed. In this type GA, each gene of an individual satisfies only its constraints selfishly, disregarding constraints of other genes even in the same individual. Further, to some extent, even individual that violates constraints can survive over several generations and has the chance of reparation. Moreover, a constraint pre-checking and dynamic penalty control methods are also applied to improve convergence of GA. Our experimental result shows that the proposed method can obtain an accurate solution in a practical response time.
Fault and fracture systems in a fold and thrust belt: An example from Bolivia (2005)

This paper presents an outcrop-analog study of fractures in low-porosity sandstones in the Subandean thrust belt. We analyze the evolution of fault and joint systems in these sandstones, quantify their density along the structural trend, and identify the main factors controlling their variability.We show that faults and joints occur at different scales in a hierarchical fashion, as a consequence of progressive shearing. The first generation is an orthogonal set of joints, one parallel and the other perpendicular to the bedding azimuth. Shearing along these joints transformed them into small faults and created new sets of fractures, oblique to the bedding attitude. Linkage of these small faults facilitated the formation of larger faults with significant strike-slip offset. Shearing along bedding planes created subvertical splay joints that induced the formation of conjugate normal faults. In this thrust belt, subordinate strike-slip and normal faults are concomitant products of compressive deformation.This study documents a hierarchical correspondence between spacing of structural heterogeneities and stratigraphic architecture. We measured spacings of joints and outcrop-scale faults along the backlimb of the Abra del Condor anticline. We subdivided the structural discontinuities into four main groups: joints, small faults, intermediate faults, and fault zones. Spacing of joints, small faults, and intermediate faults has a lognormal distribution, whereas spacing of fault zones shows a normal distribution. The mean of these distributions is about the same as the thickness of the confining stratigraphic intervals. Therefore, spacing and dimensions of joints and faults have a first-order relationship to the thickness of the confining stratigraphic sequences.
Real-time Modelling of Alarm Messages in SDH Networks (1994)

Testing of Network Management Systems usually involves constructing replicas of the actual networks (`captive offices') which are both costly and cumbersome. In this paper a novel approach is presented which allows alarm messages to be generated and propagated within Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) networks in `real-time'. The development of the models using a commercial event-driven simulation package is described. Simulation results are presented which reveal how differing network sizes, configurations and alarm masking strategies can affect the number and type of alarm messages presented to the network management system. The models were interfaced to a `live' Element Manager, which allowed them to be verified by comparing to a fully-configured physical network, and which allowed testing of a Network Management System. Some work on enhancing the real-time models using timing information from VHDL descriptions of the Network Equipment is also presented.
Studies on the chemical synthesis of potential antimetabolites. XXXIV. Apparent discrepancy among reported proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of 3-deazaadenosine is actually a reflection of a difference in molecular species. (1983)

It was shown that the remarkable discrepancy among reported proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectra of 3-deazaadenosine obtained under comparable conditions is actually a reflection of a difference in molecular species, one being neutral and another being cationic, by carefully measuring the 1H NMR spectra of 3-deazaadenosine and its hydrochloride as well as 3-deazaadenine derivatives, whose preparation is also described.
Low Interleukin-12 Activity in Severe<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>Malaria (2000)

We compared interleukin-12 (IL-12) and other cytokine activities during and after an acute clinical episode in a matched-pair case-control study of young African children who presented with either mild or severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The acute-phase, pretreatment plasma IL-12 and alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) levels, as well as the acute-phase mitogen-stimulated whole-blood production capacity of IL-12, were significantly lower in children with severe rather than mild malaria. IL-12 levels, in addition, showed strong inverse correlations both with parasitemia and with the numbers of circulating malaria pigment-containing neutrophils. Acute-phase plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and IL-10 levels were significantly higher in those with severe malaria, and the concentrations of both of these cytokines were positively correlated both with parasitemia and with the numbers of pigment-containing phagocytes in the blood. Children with severe anemia had the highest levels of TNF in plasma. In all the children, the levels in plasma and production capacities of all cytokines normalized when they were healthy and parasite free. The results indicate that severe but not mild P. falciparum malaria in young, nonimmune African children is characterized by down-regulated IL-12 activity, contrasting markedly with the up-regulation of both TNF and IL-10 in the same children. A combination of disturbed phagocyte functions resulting from hemozoin consumption, along with reduced IFN-gamma responses, may contribute to these differential effects.
Identification of Sequence Motifs Responsible for the Adhesive Interaction between Exon v10-containing CD44 Isoforms (2002)

Previous studies have demonstrated that CD44 isoforms containing the alternatively spliced exon v10 promote cell-cell adhesion via a mechanism that involves the recognition of chondroitin sulfate side chains presented on the surface of interacting cells in association with other CD44 molecules. Sequence analysis revealed the presence within exon v10 of two motifs that may be relevant to this interaction, a B[X(7)]B motif that may contribute to the recognition and binding of chondroitin sulfate and a serine-glycine motif that may serve as a site of chondroitin sulfate attachment. To determine whether either of these two motifs explain the unique adhesive activity of exon v10-containing CD44 isoforms, each was targeted by site-directed mutagenesis, and the adhesive activity of the resultant mutants was determined using a quantitative cell-cell binding assay. The data obtained demonstrate conclusively that it is the exon v10-encoded B[X(7)]B motif that is solely responsible for the enhanced adhesive activity of exon v10-containing CD44 isoforms.
Power electronic traction transformer technology (2012)

Combining modern high-power semiconductor devices with constantly improving magnetic materials opens up the possibility to replace bulky low frequency transformers with a new medium voltage medium frequency conversion structures. While there are still challenges to be addressed related to these so called power electronic transformers, a steadily increasing development effort is evident and considered in various contexts. Traction applications seem to be the first ones where proliferation of these new galvanic isolated power electronic converters is expected. In this particular application field, substantial weight and volume reduction could be achieved while providing additional functionality at the same time. In this paper a survey of recent R&D efforts in this field is presented.
Measurement of residual space charge distribution in gamma-irradiated polyethylene (2002)

The paper discusses the residual space charge distribution in gamma-irradiated polyethylene formed with DC voltage, which was measured using the pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method. The PEA method is one of the advanced nondestructive techniques used to measure the space charge distribution with a high sensitivity and reproducibility. From the experimental result, it became clear that a large amount of positive charges existing near the cathode in gamma-irradiated polyethylene enhance the electric field at the cathode interface. Under short circuit conditions, the strength of this electric field by the space charge is sometimes more than two times the applied field. On the other hand, almost no space charge was observed in the nonirradiated sample.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bacterial Translocation and Gram-Negative Bacteremia in Patients with Hematological Malignancies (1985)

Between 1976 and 1982, Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were prospectively counted in fecal specimens from leukemic patients with gram-negative bacteremia. The strains isolated from the blood and feces of 55 patients were compared. Translocation of the dominant fecal strain of Enterobacteriaceae or P. aeruginosa was observed in 45 cases (82%) and was strongly associated with granulocytopenia of less than 10(2) cells/microliter (P less than .0001). Thirteen (81%) of 16 patients with bacteremia caused by P. aeruginosa were intestinal carriers of the same strain, whereas only 2 (5%) of 39 patients with bacteremia caused by Enterobacteriaceae were carriers of P. aeruginosa. Bacterial translocation of Enterobacteriaceae was not associated with an abnormally high fecal population of the translocating strain. Prospective quantitative and qualitative analyses of fecal flora were useful in forecasting the most probable translocating gram-negative organism in neutropenic leukemic patients with clinical signs of bacteremia.
Interference graphs for procedures in static single information form are interval graphs (2007)

Static Single Information (SSI) Form is a compiler intermediate representation that extends the more well-known Static Single Assignment (SSA) Form. In 2005, several research groups independently proved that interference graphs for procedures represented in SSA Form are chordal graphs. This paper performs a similar analysis concerning SSI Form, and proves that interference graphs are interval graphs. The primary consequences of this paper are threefold: (1) Linear scan register allocation for programs in SSI Form can be implemented in such a way that there are no lifetime holes, thereby sidestepping one of the drawbacks that plagued non-SSI implementations; (2) the k-colorable subgraph problem can be solved in polynomial-time for interval graphs, but remains NP-Complete for chordal graphs---to date, no register allocation algorithms have been implemented that solve the k-colorable subgraph problem directly; and (3) liveness analysis converges after a single iteration for programs represented in SSI Form.
Contact Temperature in Dry Bearings. Three Dimensional Theory and Verification (1981)

Boundary conditions were arbitrarily specified in an earlier two dimensional (2D) analysis of contact temperature. In this new work a general three dimensional (3D) Fourier transform solution is obtained from which for specific cases, the boundary conditions can be estimated. Further, experimental verification of 3D analysis was performed using infra-red technique.
The Flame Structure of a Turbulent Supercritical Hydrogen/Oxygen Flow Behind a Splitter Plate (2011)

The numerical simulation of uid dynamics and combustion in cryogenic rocket engines is addressed in this paper, with the intent to elucidate the ame structure in the stabilization region. A model con guration is devised to allow a fully resolved simulation, both for the uid dynamics and the chemical kinetics: a two-dimensional splitter plate represents the lip of an injector and the operating point is typical of a real engine. The ame structure is mostly lying on the di usion counter ow ame manifold, although intermittent partially-premixed ames are also observable. These partially-premixed regions originate from di usion ame folding and curvature which forms isolated pockets of reactants.
Analytical Upscaling of Small-Scale Permeability Using a Full Tensor (1993)

ABSTRACT Computational costs limit large scale reservoir simulations to coarse grid systems. Determination of an effective permeability for a simulation grid block requires a proper scale-up of small scale permeability heterogeneities within that grid block. Conventional scale-up techniques are limited to a diagonal tensor representation of effective permeability. Therefore, such techniques cannot handle general permeability anisotropy (full tensor) exemplified by cross-bedded permeability structures that may be present on a smaller scale. An analytical method is developed to calculate an effective permeability tensor for a grid block by accounting for small scale heterogeneities within the grid block. The method honors both the location and the orientation of the small scale heterogeneities. Effective permeability tensors calculated using the analytical method and a numerical method show excellent agreement. Miscible displacement simulations show that the effective permeability tensor method outperforms conventional scale-up techniques in predicting flood front locations in cases of general permeability anisotropy.
Organoboron Compounds. II. Preparation and Properties of Some Trialkylboroxines<sup>1—3</sup> (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganoboron Compounds. II. Preparation and Properties of Some Trialkylboroxines1—3Patrick A. McCusker, Eugene C. Ashby, and Henry S. MakowskiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 19, 5179–5181Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01576a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01576a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views916Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Interleaved synchronous buck regulator with hysteretic voltage control (2002)

Next-generation microprocessors need lower-voltage, faster-response and higher-power-density power supplies, and it's well known that the interleaving technique and hysteretic control are suitable for this task. In this paper, by combining the interleaving techniques and the hysteretic control method, an interleaved synchronous buck regulator is explored and proposed. The results suggest it has a promising future for low voltage application.
Evolution from Active Surveillance to Focal Therapy in the Management of Prostate Cancer (2011)

Organ-preserving therapies are widely accepted in many facets of medicine and, more recently, in oncology. For example, partial nephrectomy is now accepted as a preferred alternative over radical nephrectomy for small (up to 4 cm or T1) tumors. Focal therapy (FT) is another organ-preserving strategy applying energy (cryotherapy, laser ablation and/or high-intensity focused ultrasound) to destroy tumors while leaving the majority of the organ, surrounding tissue and structures unscathed and functional. Owing to the perceived multifocality of prostate cancer (PCa) technology limitations, in the past PCa was not considered suitable for FT. However, with the rise of active surveillance for the management of low-risk PCa in carefully selected patients, FT is emerging as an alternative. This is owing to technology improvements in imaging and energy-delivery systems to ablate tissue, as well as the realization that many men and clinicians still desire tumor control. With the postulated ability to ablate tumors with minimal morbidity, FT may have found a role in the management of PCa; the aim of FT a being long-term cancer control without the morbidity associated with radical therapies. Data for FT in PCa have been derived from case series and small Phase I trials, with larger cohort studies with longer follow-up having only just commenced. More data from large trials on the safety and efficacy of FT are required before this approach can be recommended in men with PCa. Importantly, studies must confirm that no viable cancer cells remain in the region of ablation. FT might eventually prove to be a 'middle ground' between active surveillance and radical treatment, combining minimal morbidity with cancer control and the potential for retreatment.
Phase II/III Study of R-CHOP-21 Versus R-CHOP-14 for Untreated Indolent B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: JCOG 0203 Trial (2011)

The R-CHOP dose-dense strategy failed to improve PFS of patients with untreated indolent B-cell lymphoma. Further improvement of first-line treatment or investigations on postremission therapy following R-CHOP should be explored.
Improving Software Effort Estimation Using Neuro-Fuzzy Model with SEER-SEM (2010)

3 Abstract - Accurate software development effort estimation is a critical part of software projects. Effective development of software is based on accurate effort estimation. Although many techniques and algorithmic models have been developed and implemented by practitioners, accurate software development effort prediction is still a challenging endeavor in the field of software engineering, especially in handling unce rtain a nd imprecise inputs and collinear characteristics. In order to address these issues, previous researchers developed and evaluated a novel soft computing framework. The aims of our research are to evaluate the prediction performance of the proposed neuro-fuzzy model with Sy stem Evaluation and Estimation of Resource Software Estimation Model (SEER- SEM) in software estimation practices and to apply the proposed architecture that combines the neuro-fuzzy technique with different algorithmic models. In this paper, an approach combining the neuro-fuzzy technique and the SEER -SEM effort estimation algorithm is described. This proposed model possesses positive characteristics such as l earning ability, decreased sensitivity, effective generalization, and knowledge integration for introducing the neuro-fuzzy technique. Moreover, continuous rating values and linguistic values can be inputs of the proposed model for avoiding the large estimation deviation among similar projects. The performance of the proposed model is accessed by designing and conducting evaluation with published projects and industrial data. The evaluation results indicate that estimation with our proposed neuro-fuzzy model containing SEER-S EM is improved in comparison with the estimation results that only use SEER- SEM algorithm. At the same time, the results of this research also demonstrate that the general neuro-fuzzy framework can function with various algorithmic models for improving the performance of software effort estimation.
Development of optical-fiber-probe-coupled laser terahertz-emission microscope (2006)

We developed the optical-fiber-probe-coupled laser-terahertz emission microscope system. One focuses femtosecond laser pulses on a sample surface through the optical fiber-probe with a beam diameter of 5 /spl mu/m, detects terahertz emission from the photo-excited area, and obtains images by scanning the laser beam. The gold line and space patterns are evaporated on a semi-insulating gallium arsenide substrate, and measured in order to investigate the spatial resolution of the system.
Prospective Follow‐Up Study of 95 Patients with Edentulous Mandibles Treated According to the Branemark Novum Concept (2003)

Comparable results, related to continuous prosthesis stability, were shown for the Novum approach compared with the traditional two-staged procedure. Survival of individual fixtures is lower when immediate loading is applied.
A model for cytoplasm-governed gene regulation (1976)

A model of cytoplasm-governed transcription is presented. The nuclear membrane has a selective permeability towards nuclear pre-mRNA molecules which are provided with group-specific non-translated "passwords". RNA transcription on the chromatin proceeds under a dual control. One of them is gene regulation according to the Britten-Davidson and Georgiev models. The other is cytoplasm-governed regulation mediated through the selective transport of mRNA from nucleus to cytoplasm. Pre-mRNA molecules which are not "in immediate demand" by the cytoplasm and therefore accumulating the nucleus repress their own synthesis by end-product inhibition. The interrelationship of the two types of regulation in the course of cell development is discussed.
Use of botulinum toxin injections to treat peripheral stimulator induced facial muscle twitching: a case report (2015)

Peripheral nerve/field stimulation is being used for headaches and facial pain. An undesirable side effect of this emerging therapy is direct muscle stimulation. Botulinum toxin injections may be an effective treatment modality when stimulation techniques provide pain relief but also causes muscle twitching.