gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Precision Linear Shaped Charge designs for severance of aluminum materials (1992)

The Precision Linear Shaped Charge (PLSC) design concept involves the independent fabrication and assembly of the liner (wedge of PLSC), the tamper/confinement, and explosive. The liner is the most important part of an LSC and should be fabricated by a more quality controlled, precise process than the tamper material. Also, this concept allows the liner material to be different from the tamper material. The explosive can be loaded between the liner and tamper as the last step in the assembly process rather than the first step as in conventional LSC designs. PLSC designs are shown to produce increased jet penetrations in given targets, more reproducible jet penetration, and more efficient explosive cross sections using a minimum amount of explosive. The Linear Explosive Shaped Charge Analysis (LESCA) code developed at SandiaNational Laboratories has been used to assist in the design of PLSCs. LESCA predictions for PLSC jet penetration in aluminum targets, jet tip velocities and jet-target impact angles are compared to measured data.
Enhanced transmission line pilot impedance and pilot protection (2011)

This study proposes a novel pilot protection for transmission lines by using enhanced transmission line pilot impedance (ETLPI). The ETLPI is defined by the ratio of the voltage difference of fault-superimposed component to the current summation of fault-superimposed component at both terminals of the protected line and used to distinguish the internal faults from the external faults. For the external fault, the amplitude of ETLPI is greater than the positive-sequence impedance of the protected line, whereas it is smaller than the positive-sequence impedance for the internal faults. The pilot protection scheme based on the ETLPI has the feature of avoiding the influence of line distributed capacitance and the saturation of current transformer (CT) as well as the transient response of coupling capacitor voltage transformers (CCVT). Therefore the pilot protection is suitable for different length transmission lines. Both theoretical analysis and test results obtained from EMTP digital simulation and the physical simulation have demonstrated that the pilot protection is of high reliability and good adaptability.
[Effect of cyclic guanosine monophosphate on certain indices of muscle tissue carbohydrate metabolism during the wound process]. (1980)

The effect of intraperitoneal administration of cGMP (0.5 mg per animal) on carbohydrate metabolism of wound area muscle tissue was studied in experiments on rats with linear skin wounds. The content of glycogen, gluconeogenesis, activity of glycogen phosphorylase, lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase were studied. Cyclic GMP induced a substantial activation of glycogen metabolism (elevation of gluconeogenesis, increase in the activity of glycogen phosphorylase) even the third day after the operation. The animals not given cGMP demonstrated such an activation only the fifth day following the operation. Under the effect of cGMP the activity of lactate dehydrogenase rose the third day after the operation. Thus cGMP administration to the animals with wounds leads to an earlier mobilization of energy resources thereby promoting the acceleration of wound healing.
Plasmid DNA: A New Era in Vaccinology (1998)

DNA vaccination is a novel approach for inducing an immune response. Purified plasmid DNA containing an antigen's coding sequences and the necessary regulatory elements to express them is introduced into the tissue via intramuscular injection or particle bombardment. Once the DNA reaches the tissue, the antigen is expressed in enough quantity to induce a potent and specific immune response and to confer protection against further infections. The effectiveness of DNA vaccines against viruses, parasites, and cancer cells has been demonstrated in numerous animal models. This new approach comes as an aid for the prevention of infectious diseases for which the conventional vaccines have failed. Research on DNA vaccines is providing new insights into some of the basic immunological mechanisms of vaccination such as antigen presentation, the role of effector cells, and immunoregulatory factors. In addition, DNA vaccines may enable us to manipulate the immune system in situations where the response to agents is inappropriate or ineffective. The study of the potential deleterious effects of DNA vaccines is furthering our knowledge regarding the relationship between bacterial DNA and the immune system, as well as its potential application for the study of neonatal tolerance and autoimmunity.
Eine neue Art der Gattung Fieberiella Signoret, 1880 (Insecta, Homoptera) aus Griechenland (1963)

Vom Herrn W. H. Gravestein, Amsterdam, erhielt ich eine Anzahl Zikaden zur Bestimmung, die wÃ¤hrend einer Entomologischen Exkursion des Zoologischen Museums Amsterdam in Griechenland gesammelt worden sind. Darunter befand sich auch eine neue Fieberiella-Art. Eine taxionomische Bearbeitung der drei bisher bekannten Arten der Gattung Fieberiella Signoret befindet sich zur Zeit im Druck (W. WAGNER, 1963). In dieser Arbeit werden auch die mÃ¤nnlichen Genitalien der bisher bekannten Arten abgebildet. Die neue Art benenne ich zu Ehren ihres Entdeckers, Herrn J. R. Duffels, Amsterdam.
The collimating and magnifying properties of a superconducting field photoelectron spectrometer (1980)

An analysis is given of the possible advantages of a photoelectron spectrometer based upon the properties of the axially symmetric inhomogeneous magnetic field of a superconducting solenoid. The consequences of electron motion along the solenoid axis are discussed and it is shown that this can lead to a novel high-resolution method of electron energy analysis together with the possibility of photoelectron microscopy.
Trans-oceanic 160-Gb/s single-channel transmission using short-period dispersion management (2001)

We demonstrate, by numerical simulation, the possibility of 160-Gb/s single channel transmission over distances >8000 km with no active control using a short-period dispersion managed fiber, in the absence of polarization-mode dispersion (PMD). The performance of this system is limited by the growth of continuous-wave background instabilities, resulting from strong filtering, and the accumulation of jitter. However, when introduced, the effects of PMD become the dominant limiting factor.
Animating formal specifications using Java applets (2002)

The paper proposes the generation of Java applets from specifications given in an extended Petri Net formalism. The anticipated advantages of this approach are to gain a greater confidence in the correctness of the final product, and to harness the capabilities of Java in a consistent framework. The emphasis of the paper is on the generation of the Java code from the Petri net specification, on the assessment of both Java and C++ as suitable targets for this translation, and on the suitability of this extended form of Petri net as a host for various extensions to Java.
ANDROGEN REPLACEMENT AFTER CURATIVE RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY FOR PROSTATE CANCER IN HYPOGONADAL MEN (2004)

We documented the experience of 2 urology practices with the use of testosterone supplementation to treat hypogonadal men who had undergone curative radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer. We also reviewed the literature for reports of the use of testosterone in men surgically cured of prostate cancer.A retrospective review of clinical records of 2 busy private urology practices was used to compile brief case histories of hypogonadal men treated with testosterone who had undergone curative radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer. Using MEDLINE and BIOSIS Previews (Biological Abstracts, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), the literature was searched for articles describing the use of testosterone in men surgically cured of organ confined prostate cancer.The case records of 7 hypogonadal men who had undergone curative radical prostatectomy were identified. All men had clinical symptoms of hypogonadism and low serum testosterone levels. Each man was treated with an androgen preparation. After variable followup periods no biochemical or clinical evidence of cancer recurrence was found in any of the group. No reports in the literature were found of a similar therapeutic approach for such patients.Based on the clinical experience with this small group of men, and indirect evidence of the safety of this approach from epidemiological and clinical data, further cautious use of testosterone in a carefully selected population seems warranted.
Effectiveness of vocabulary learning via mobile phone (2008)

Abstract Whereas the penetration of mobile phones in Asian countries keeps climbing, little research has explored the application of the short message service (SMS) in second language learning. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of SMS vocabulary lessons of limited lexical information on the small screens of mobile phones. Thirty high school students were randomly distributed into two groups and given two sets of English words either on paper or through SMS messages during two weeks. Students recognized more vocabulary during the post‐test after reading the regular and brief SMS lessons than they did after reading the relatively more detailed print material. Qualitative data from interviews offer information about the learning process as well as the benefits and limitations of m‐learning. Results of the questionnaires show that students in general hold positive attitudes towards learning vocabulary via mobile phone. On the other hand, technological limitations, unfamiliar presentations and learning activities may prevent students from reading SMS lessons.
A Delicate Dose of Humor (1989)

This article explores the uses and effects of humor in the practice and teaching of nursing. Various situations are discussed to highlight the positive and negative effects of humor on the nurse-client relationship. Observations are made regarding the use of humor in the learning environment. Humor is also discussed in relation to professional role socialization. Overall, a case is made to legitimize humor as a valuable therapeutic and teaching tool.
Analysis of a bi-directional DC-DC converter topology for low power application (2002)

This paper describes a bidirectional DC-DC converter for use in low power applications. The converter is based on a half-bridge in the primary side and on a current fed push-pull in the secondary of a high frequency isolation transformer. In the presence of the DC mains (provided by the AC mains), the converter essentially operates in the buck mode charging the battery. On failure of DC mains the converter operates in the boost mode and thereby the battery supplies the load power. The simple, low part count, galvanically isolated proposed topology provides an attractive solution for use in battery charge/discharge circuits in a DC UPS. Small signal and steady state analysis of both modes of converter operation is shown. Design guidelines are also presented. The concept is evaluated by an experimental setup and key results are presented.
Economic and policy determinants of public sector deficits (1989)

The purpose of this paper is to derive a framework for quantifying the contribution of the most important economic and policy variables to the public sector deficit. The method involves behavioral relations, identities for some key macroeconomic and sector variables and an accounting breakdown of the consolidated public sector deficit. This allows one to compare the direct effects of various foreign and domestic economic shocks on the deficit with those arising from changes in policy-controlled variables. The method is useful for decomposing historical time series of public deficits according to their main determinants - and for carrying out simulation or projection exercises for the level and structure of future deficits.
Microscopic toy model for magnetoelectric effect in polar <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>Fe</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>Mo</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>8</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2019)

The kamiokite ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{Mo}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{8}$ is regarded as a promising material exhibiting a giant magnetoelectric (ME) effect at the relatively high temperature $T$. Here, we explore this phenomenon on the basis of first-principles electronic structure calculations. For this purpose, we construct a realistic model describing the behavior of magnetic Fe $3d$ electrons and further map it onto the isotropic spin model. Our analysis suggests two possible scenarios for ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{Mo}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{8}$. The first one is based on the homogeneous charge distribution of the ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{2+}$ ions among tetrahedral $(t)$ and octahedral $(o)$ sites, which tends to lower the crystallographic $P{6}_{3}mc$ symmetry through the formation of an orbitally ordered state. Nevertheless, the effect of the orbital ordering on interatomic exchange interactions does not seem to be strong, so that the magnetic properties can be described reasonably well by averaged interactions obeying the $P{6}_{3}mc$ symmetry. The second scenario, which is supported by obtained parameters of on-site Coulomb repulsion and respects the $P{6}_{3}mc$ symmetry, implies the charge disproportionation involving the somewhat exotic $1+$ ionization state of the $t$-Fe sites (and $3+$ state of the $o$-Fe sites). Somewhat surprisingly, these scenarios are practically indistinguishable from the viewpoint of exchange interactions, which are nearly identical in these two cases. However, the spin-dependent properties of the electric polarization are expected to be different due to the strong difference in the polarity of the ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{2+}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Fe}}^{2+}$ and ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{1+}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$ bonds. Our analysis uncovers the basic aspects of the ME effect in ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{Mo}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{8}$. Nevertheless, the quantitative description should involve other ingredients, apparently related to the lattice and orbitals degrees of freedom.
The physical theory and propagation model of THz atmospheric propagation (2011)

Terahertz (THz) radiation is extensively applied in diverse fields, such as space communication, Earth environment observation, atmosphere science, remote sensing and so on. And the research on propagation features of THz wave in the atmosphere becomes more and more important. This paper firstly illuminates the advantages and outlook of THz in space technology. Then it introduces the theoretical framework of THz atmospheric propagation, including some fundamental physical concepts and processes. The attenuation effect (especially the absorption of water vapor), the scattering of aerosol particles and the effect of turbulent flow mainly influence THz atmosphere propagation. Fundamental physical laws are illuminated as well, such as Lamber-beer law, Mie scattering theory and radiative transfer equation. The last part comprises the demonstration and comparison of THz atmosphere propagation models like Moliere(V5), SARTre and AMATERASU. The essential problems are the deep analysis of physical mechanism of this process, the construction of atmospheric propagation model and databases of every kind of material in the atmosphere, and the standardization of measurement procedures.
Ultrastructural modifications in bovine oocytes maintained in meiotic arrest in vitro using roscovitine or butyrolactone (2003)

Butyrolactone-I (BL-I) and roscovitine (ROSC) are selective inhibitors of the cyclin-dependent kinases, and both have been shown to reversibly inhibit meiotic resumption in cattle oocytes for 24 hr without having a negative affect on subsequent development to the blastocyst stage. The aim of the present study was to describe the morphological changes occurring in fully grown immature and in vitro matured bovine oocytes following exposure to either BL-I or ROSC for 24 hr at concentrations known to be consistent with normal development. Immature bovine cumulus oocyte complexes, recovered from the ovaries of slaughtered heifers, were incubated for 24 hr in the presence of one of the inhibitors. They were then either fixed immediately and processed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM), or cultured for a further 24 hr in the absence of the inhibitor, in conditions permissive to maturation, and subsequently processed for TEM. A control group of oocytes were processed for TEM immediately upon recovery (0 hr) or following in vitro maturation (IVM) for 24 hr. In general, incubation with either inhibitor disrupted the integrity of the surrounding cumulus cells and affected their subsequent expansion during IVM. Within the oocyte cytoplasm, swelling of the mitochondrial cristae was immediately noticeable following meiotic inhibition in the presence of ROSC, while an increased population of pleomorphic mitochondria and mitochondria with electron lucent matrices following BL-I treatment was not observed until after the subsequent IVM period. Both inhibitors caused degeneration of the cortical granules, effectively reducing the population, most noticeably following IVM. At the level of the nucleus, both inhibitory treatments caused convolution of the nuclear membrane, furthermore, aberrant structures were observed within the nucleoplasm of ROSC-treated cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs). In conclusion, while it has been shown that inhibition of meiotic resumption using specific cdk inhibitors is possible and that such oocytes are capable of undergoing maturation, fertilization, and early embryo development, there is as yet no definitive proof that oocytes treated in this way can ultimately give rise to normal offspring. We have shown here that some modifications are induced in the oocytes at the ultrastructural level. Whether or not these modifications are compatible with normal gestation and the birth of a live calf remain to be elucidated.
The electronic properties of graphene nanoribbons with boron/nitrogen codoping (2010)

The electronic properties of graphene nanoribbons with boron/nitrogen codoping at different sites are investigated by performing first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. The calculated results show that the band structures of these doping configurations have distinctly changed around the Fermi level with gradual increasing the distance between nitrogen atom and boron atom. Doping positions regulate the electronic structure of the graphene nanoribbons. Interestingly, our results exhibit both semiconducting and half-metallic behavior in response to the boron/nitrogen codoping at different sites without an applied electronic field, opening a possibility in spintronics device application.
Guidance-Based On-Line Motion Planning For Autonomous Highway Overtaking (2008)

Abstract In the context of intelligent transportation, this paper presents a novel on-line trajectorygeneration method for autonomous lane changing. The proposed scheme is guidance based, realtime applicable, and ensures safety and passenger ride comfort. Based on the principles of Rendezvous Guidance , the passing vehicle is guided in real-time to match the position and velocity of a shadow target (i.e., rendezvous with) during the overtaking manoeuvre. The shadow target’s position and velocity are generated based on real-time sensory information gathered about the slower vehicle ahead of the passing vehicle as well as other vehicles which may be travelling in the passing lane. Namely, the guidance principle is also used to prevent any potential collision with these obstacle vehicles. The proposed method can be used as a fully autonomous system or simply as a driver-assistance tool. Extensive simulations and experiments, some of which are presented herein, clearly demonstrate the tangible efficiency of the proposed method.
A “CONSERVATIVE” APPROACH TO IRON SUPPLEMENTATION DURING PREGNANCY (2001)

A review of current knowledge about iron metabolism during pregnancy and the evidence from various studies on the effects of iron supplementation in pregnancy on maternal, fetal, and infant outcomes suggest that the implicit goal of current recommendations regarding iron supplementation may be to achieve the highest hemoglobin concentration possible. This goal is only weakly related to improved maternal and infant outcomes in the current pregnancy or to improved maternal iron stores long-term. Indeed, the claim that iron supplementation is universally innocuous is shown to be controversial. For women in developed countries who are generally clinically healthy and have access to adequate nutrition, the benefits of iron supplementation are unclear, and there may be risks. Thus, a better "conservative" approach may be that such women do not require routine iron supplementation during pregnancy. The midwifery philosophy of individualizing care based on a woman's history and health status is one that should be taken in approaching the issue of iron supplementation in pregnancy.
Current status of soybean rust control by fungicides (2003)

Monte R. Miles and Glen L. Hartman, USDA, Agricultural Research Service based at Urbana, Illinois, USA; Clive Levy, Commercial Farmers Union of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; and Wilfrido Morel, Centro Regional de Investigacin Agrcola, Direction de Investigacion Agricola, Ministero de Agricultura y Granaderia, Capitn Miranda, Itapa, Paraguay, describe the latest on fungicide control of soybean rust.
Terapia láser de baja potencia. Una alternativa en el manejo del dolor y la regeneración tisular (2018)

El uso del laser terapeutico, en paises europeos y en diversas latitudes del mundo, ha sido utilizado desde hace mas de cuatro decadas; sin embargo, en Mexico aun no se ha generalizado su uso. Hoy en dia, los avances cientifico-tecnologicos permiten trabajar con Terapia Laser de Baja Potencia (Low Level Laser Terapy LLLT por sus siglas en ingles o TLBP en espanol), se realiza de forma cotidiana, ya sea a nivel hospitalario, en la consulta del medico familiar e inclusive en los centros de rehabilitacion y fisioterapia.
Su aplicacion en el tejido produce analgesia, desinflamacion y estimulacion en los procesos de cicatrizacion, favorece la micro circulacion, estimula el trofismo celular y es considerado, por algunos autores como un biomodulador de las funciones celulares. Ademas, reduce de forma dramatica la sintomatologia y el tiempo de recuperacion de los pacientes.
Diabetic autonomic neuropathy of the gastrointestinal tract (2020)

Diabetes is a metabolic disease leading to the development of numerous health complications. In developed countries, it is the main cause of blindness, end-stage renal disease, and non-traumatic amputation of the lower limbs. Neuropathy is the most common chronic complication of diabetes. A long-term course of a metabolically unbalanced disease causing damage to the autonomic nervous system of the digestive tract results in the development of many complications, such as intensification of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, gastroparesis, chronic diarrhoea or faecal incontinence.
Hippo signaling: growth control and beyond (2010)

The Hippo pathway has emerged as a conserved signaling pathway that is essential for the proper regulation of organ growth in Drosophila and vertebrates. Although the mechanisms of signal transduction of the core kinases Hippo/Mst and Warts/Lats are relatively well understood, less is known about the upstream inputs of the pathway and about the downstream cellular and developmental outputs. Here, we review recently discovered mechanisms that contribute to the dynamic regulation of Hippo signaling during Drosophila and vertebrate development. We also discuss the expanding diversity of Hippo signaling functions during development, discoveries that shed light on a complex regulatory system and provide exciting new insights into the elusive mechanisms that regulate organ growth and regeneration.