gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Correct-image reconstruction in the presence of severe anamorphism by means of digital holography (2001)

It is demonstrated for the first time to the authors' knowledge that digital holographic image reconstruction can be applied to correction of image reconstruction in the presence of severe anamorphism and aberrations. It is shown that anamorphism and aberrations can be taken into account and compensated for separately to yield a correct-image reconstruction. Anamorphism and aberrations are introduced by a holographic recording system based on a reflective grating interferometer (RGI). The strong anamorphic behavior of the RGI prevents reconstruction of a correct image unless that behavior is compensated for in the process of numerical holographic reconstruction.
Impact of pharyngeal endoscopic tip placement and water flushing interval on upper respiratory tract disorders in horses undergoing overground endoscopy (2018)

Position of the endoscope tip within the pharynx appears to affect grading of PD during OGE examination. Exercise velocity may affect MDAF grade through interactions with endoscope position and FI.
Scene Collaging: Analysis and Synthesis of Natural Images with Semantic Layers (2013)

To quickly synthesize complex scenes, digital artists often collage together visual elements from multiple sources: for example, mountains from New Zealand behind a Scottish castle with wisps of Saharan sand in front. In this paper, we propose to use a similar process in order to parse a scene. We model a scene as a collage of warped, layered objects sampled from labeled, reference images. Each object is related to the rest by a set of support constraints. Scene parsing is achieved through analysis-by-synthesis. Starting with a dataset of labeled exemplar scenes, we retrieve a dictionary of candidate object segments that match a query image. We then combine elements of this set into a "scene collage" that explains the query image. Beyond just assigning object labels to pixels, scene collaging produces a lot more information such as the number of each type of object in the scene, how they support one another, the ordinal depth of each object, and, to some degree, occluded content. We exploit this representation for several applications: image editing, random scene synthesis, and image-to-anaglyph.
Clinical validation and assessment of a modular fluorescent imaging system and algorithm for rapid detection and quantification of dental plaque (2017)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03379337, December 19 2017. Retrospectively registered.
Application of nanocatalytic systems for deep processing of coal and heavy petroleum feedstock (2010)

The specific features of the catalysis of deep processing (hydrogenation and gasification) of coal and hydroconversion of heavy petroleum feedstock are considered. It has been shown that it is reasonable to use new catalyst forms and catalyst introduction methods for the processing of these raw materials in view of their specific composition and properties (large size of molecules, thermal instability, and the presence of inorganic compounds in the feedstock). In particular, a dispersion of nanosized spherical particles of MoS2 in a liquid hydrocarbon medium is an effective catalyst for the coal hydrogenation and heavy-oil hydrocon-version processes. Gaseous alkali metal hydroxides have been proposed for the gasification of solid fuels. The mechanisms of the formation of catalyst systems and some of their properties are discussed.
Class I H-2d-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize the neuraminidase glycoprotein of influenza virus subtype N1 (1990)

Class I major histocompatibility complex-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) that recognize the neuraminidase (NA) glycoprotein of subtype N1 influenza A viruses have been demonstrated in BALB/c mice. Responses to NA were obtained only in protocols that use two in vivo inoculations of virus, including a recombinant vaccinia virus containing the NA of subtype N1 influenza virus (NA-VAC) to prime or boost. Restimulation in vitro was also required for CTL recognition of NA and strongly depended on the specific N1 virus used. Influenza viruses A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1), A/CAM/46 (H1N1), J1 (H3N1), and JAP/BEL (H2N1), but not A/Bellamy (H1N1) or MEM/BEL (H3N1) virus, were able to stimulate NA-specific memory T cells in vitro. Single or double in vivo inoculation of any of the N1 viruses or a single injection of NA-VAC failed to elicit restimulatable NA-specific CTL. Lysis of NA-VAC-infected cells at low effector/target ratios was comparable to that observed toward other influenza virus proteins known to be major targets of CTL in BALB/c mice, indicating that antigenic determinants of the subtype N1 NA molecule can be efficiently presented in the context of major histocompatibility complex class I.
String-averaging expectation-maximization for maximum likelihood estimation in emission tomography (2014)

We study the maximum likelihood model in emission tomography and propose a new family of algorithms for its solution, called string-averaging expectationmaximization (SAEM). In the string-averaging algorithmic regime, the index set of all underlying equations is split into subsets, called 'strings', and the algorithm separately proceeds along each string, possibly in parallel. Then, the end-points of all strings are averaged to form the next iterate. SAEM algorithms with several strings present better practical merits than the classical row-action maximum-likelihood algorithm. We present numerical experiments showing the effectiveness of the algorithmic scheme, using data of image reconstruction problems. Performance is evaluated from the computational
Feature enhancement and ATR performance using nonquadratic optimization-based SAR imaging (2003)

We present an evaluation of the impact of a recently proposed synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging technique on feature enhancement and automatic target recognition (ATR) performance. This image formation technique is based on nonquadratic optimization, and the images it produces appear to exhibit enhanced features. We quantify such feature enhancement through a number of criteria. The findings of our analysis indicate that the new feature-enhanced SAR image formation method provides images with higher resolution of scatterers, and better separability of different regions as compared with conventional SAR images. We also provide an ATR-based evaluation. We run recognition experiments using conventional and feature-enhanced SAR images of military targets, with three different classifiers. The first classifier is template based. The second classifier makes a decision through a likelihood test, based on Gaussian models for reflectivities. The third classifier is based on extracted locations of the dominant target scatterers. The experimental results demonstrate that the new feature-enhanced SAR imaging method can improve the recognition performance, especially in scenarios involving reduced data quality or quantity.
Effect of Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> on alkali–silica reaction (1991)

Nevada opal was employed as a standard material to test the effect of Ca(OH) 2 on alkali–silica reaction. It was found that when opal was present in various alkaline systems, their reactivity and expansivity were altered significantly. When opal was mixed with Ca(OH) 2 at a mole ratio of C/S = 0·1 it showed very little reaction; when opal was mixed with NaOH at a mole ratio of N:S = 0·2 it was severely attacked and the reaction products were highly hygroscopic and expansive. Opal mixed with both calcium and sodium hydroxides at the above mole ratios was also severely attacked; however the reaction products showed no swelling capacity and their ability to sorb water was less than that of the products of opal–NaOH reaction.
Configuration-interaction relativistic-many-body-perturbation-theory calculations of photoionization cross sections from quasicontinuum oscillator strengths (2014)

Many applications are in need of accurate photoionization cross sections, especially in the case of complex atoms. Configuration-interaction relativistic-many-body-perturbation theory (CI-RMBPT) has been successful in predicting atomic energies, matrix elements between discrete states, and other properties, which is quite promising, but it has not been applied to photoionization problems owing to extra complications arising from continuum states. In this paper a method that will allow the conversion of discrete CI-(R)MPBT oscillator strengths (OS) to photoionization cross sections with minimal modifications of the codes is introduced and CI-RMBPT cross sections of Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe are calculated. A consistent agreement with experiment is found. RMBPT corrections are particularly significant for Ar, Kr, and Xe and improve agreement with experimental results compared to the particle-hole CI method. The demonstrated conversion method can be applied to CI-RMBPT photoionization calculations for a large number of multivalence atoms and ions.
Low-Power Energy Harvesting Solutions for Wiegand Transducers (2015)

This paper proposes the use of Wiegand magnetic sensors as energy harvesters for low-power electronic equipments. When subject to an external, time-varying magnetic field, a Wiegand device releases a triangular voltage pulse several volts wide and of the duration of a few tens of microseconds. Due to the sharpness of the magnetic transition, pulse generation occurs regardless of how slowly the magnetic field variation occurs, an attractive feature which enables its use as an energy harvester even in the presence of low-frequency sources. In this paper, commercial Wiegand sensors are first experimentally characterized, with the purpose of devising a simple electrical model and derive the conditions for maximum energy extraction. Next, the use of Wiegand devices is discussed in the context of two modes of operation, namely, one-shot and battery-charging. In the former, the energy delivered by the Wiegand pulse is entirely utilized by the load circuitry in a one-shot fashion. In the latter, the Wiegand device is periodically excited so as to continuously deliver charge to an on-board rechargeable battery. Harvesting circuits are presented for both cases, and simulations and experimental results are provided supporting the developed theory and the effectiveness of the proposed implementations. With proof-of-concept harvesting prototypes based on discrete components, experimental figures of the extracted energy per pulse amount to $\mathrm {24~ \text {n} \text {J} }$ /pulse in one-shot operation and $\mathrm {30~ \text {n} \text {J} }$ /pulse in the battery-charging case.
Sub-Word Similarity based Search for Embeddings: Inducing Rare-Word Embeddings for Word Similarity Tasks and Language Modelling. (2016)

Training good word embeddings requires large amounts of data. Out-of-vocabulary words will still be encountered at test-time, leaving these words without embeddings. To overcome this lack of embeddings for rare words, existing methods leverage morphological features to generate embeddings. While the existing methods use computationally-intensive rule-based (Soricut and Och, 2015) or tool-based (Botha and Blunsom, 2014) morphological analysis to generate embeddings, our system applies a computationally-simpler sub-word search on words that have existing embeddings. Embeddings of the sub-word search results are then combined using string similarity functions to generate rare word embeddings. We augmented pre-trained word embeddings with these novel embeddings and evaluated on a rare word similarity task, obtaining up to 3 times improvement in correlation over the original set of embeddings. Applying our technique to embeddings trained on larger datasets led to on-par performance with the existing state-of-the-art for this task. Additionally, while analysing augmented embeddings in a log-bilinear language model, we observed up to 50% reduction in rare word perplexity in comparison to other more complex language models.
Lebensqualität, psychisches Wohlbefinden und perioperative Morbidität nach laparoskopischer Leberresektion (2017)

Die potentiellen Vorteile laparoskopischer Lebrerresektionen (LLR) gegenüber offenen Leberresektionen (OLR) konnten in Studien bisher noch nicht vollständig bewiesen werden. Wir berichten über die Erfahrungen an der Chirurgischen Klinik der Charité, Campus Virchow-Klinikum nach LLR im Vergleich zur OLR, insbesondere in Hinblick auf postoperative Ergebnisse, die Lebensqualität (LQ) sowie weitere Dimensionen psychischen Wohlbefindens einschließlich Angst und Depression, Optimismus und Pessimismus.
Organic nanoparticles with ultrahigh quantum yield and aggregation-induced emission characteristics for cellular imaging and real-time two-photon lung vasculature imaging (2018)

Fluorescent organic nanoparticles based on small molecules have emerged as an attractive class of fluorescent agents for bioimaging in recent years. Herein, we report orange light-emitting BTPEBD based organic nanoparticles (BTPEBD NPs) with a large Stokes shift (>135 nm), ultrahigh quantum yield (>90% in water) and aggregation-induced emission characteristics. Single nanoparticle analysis studied by wide field microscopy imaging further proves that the BTPEBD NPs exhibit high brightness and good photostability. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments reveal that the BTPEBD NPs are promising fluorescent agents for cellular imaging and real-time two-photon lung vasculature imaging.
Polyelectrolyte Multilayers with Reversible Thermal Responsivity (2005)

Thermally responsive polyelectrolyte multilayers were made from charged poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) copolymers. The temperature-dependent water content of the thin film, studied in situ using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR−FTIR) spectroscopy, revealed microscopic and macroscopic transitions at 33 and 45 °C, respectively. About seven water molecules per NIPAM repeat unit were found to be reversibly lost from, or recovered by, the film upon cycling over a temperature range of 10−55 °C. Assuming each ion pair represents a cross-link, swelling theory was used to translate these results into polymer−solvent interaction parameters and enthalpies of mixing for the various polymer components. The flux of a charged probe molecule, ferricyanide, through the NIPAM-rich multilayer was assessed with rotating disk electrode voltammetry. Thermally reversible modulation of ion transport was demonstrated.
Smooth muscle relaxation and activation of the large conductance <scp><scp>Ca</scp><sup>++</sup></scp> – activated <scp><scp>K</scp><sup>+</sup></scp> (<scp>BK<sub>Ca</sub></scp>) channel by novel oestrogens (2013)

The novel oestrogens were able to relax smooth muscle, but through different mechanisms. In particular, oestrone oxime required the presence of the endothelium to exert much of its effect, whilst Quat DME-oestradiol depended both on NO and BK(Ca) channel activation. The activation of BK(Ca) currents in HEK 293 cells expressing hSloα+β1 by Quat DME-oestradiol is consistent with an extracellular binding site between the two subunits. The binding site resides between the extracellular N terminal of the α subunit and the extracellular loop between TM1 and 2 of the β1 subunit. Membrane-impermeant Quat DME-oestradiol lacks an exchangeable hydrogen on the A ring obviating antioxidant activity.
AMMRC (Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center) mobile-accelerator neutron-radiography system operations at US Army Yuma Proving Ground. Interim technical report (1984)

The mobile neutron radiography system designed and fabricated for the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center was transported for exploratory evaluation by YPG radiography personnel. Objectives of the field operations were to demonstrate applicability of neutron radiography for inspection of specific Army ordnance items, to provide Army personnel with on-site experience and a data base for defining future neutron radiography and facility requirements, and to evaluate the reliability of this new type of mobile neutron radiography system in a non-laboratory or field environment. Neutron radiographs were compared with X-ray radiographs of the test items. Areas were noted where only the neutron images yielded useful NDI information, and others noted where X-ray is needed. The complementary nature of the results from the two radiographic techniques was well illustrated. Several neutron converter/film combinations were used during the operations to determine the optimum combination for producing good images in reasonable exposure times, using a relatively low-flux system. The system operated reliably during the six weeks period in the non-laboratory environment, and safety of operation of the mobile inspection unit was demonstrated.
Bronchial asthma induced by chick pea and lentil (1992)

Allergic reactions to legumes through inhalation have rarely been described. We report the case of a 20-year-old man who experienced asthmatic attacks when exposed to the steam from cooking either chick pea or lentil. Type I hypersensitivity to the antigens in these legumes was demonstrated by means of immediate skin reactivity, histamine release tests, RAST and RAST inhibition. Specific bronchial challenges with the heated (75 degrees for 30 min) extracts of chick pea and lentil elicited isolated immediate responses.
Linear Prediction and the Spectral Analysis of Speech (1972)

The report gives a detailed treatment of the use of linear prediction in speech analysis. New concepts are developed and more familiar concepts are seen in a new way. The covariance and autocorrelation methods are derived in the time and frequency domains. Both methods are shown to be derivable from a more general concept, that of generalized analysis-by-synthesis, where a nonstationary two-dimensional spectrum is approximated by another model spectrum. Linear prediction analysis is a special case where the model spectrum is all-pole. Also, under the assumption of stationarity the general covariance method reduces to the autocorrelation method.
Structure and Properties of a Compound Formed by the Reaction of Molybdenum(II) Trifluoroacetate with 4,4′-Bipyridine (1993)

Abstract The reaction of molybdenum(II) trifluoroacetate with 4,4′-bipyridine (bpy) in acetonitrile gave a pale yellow compound. The X-ray structural analysis of the compound showed that it consists of linear-chains formulated as [Mo2(O2CCF3)4·bpy]n and Mo2(O2CCF3)4·(bpy)2 dimers in the crystal.
[Pneumothorax in premature neonates with hyaline membrane disease: risk factors and consequences]. (1992)

A pneumothorax results in an increased mortality and incidence of BPD. Interstitial emphysema occurred more often in the pneumothorax group. None of the other variables studies could be assigned as a risk factor for a pneumothorax.
Raman spectroscopy on thin film silicon on non-transparent substrates and in solar cell devices (2011)

The properties of thin-film silicon strongly depend on the deposition method, conditions and the substrate material. The analysis of the microstructure of thin silicon films requires diagnostic tools which are independent on substrate or device concept. In this contribution Raman spectroscopy as a powerful tool for analyzing the microstructure and material phase of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) and microcrystalline silicon (μSi:H) is discussed. To improve the sensitivity for the bulk properties, a HeNe laser (λ = 633 nm) source is used, due to its longer absorption path length at this wavelength. Partial transmission of the light through the film onto the substrate results in a measured Raman spectrum consisting of the superposition of the spectra of film and substrate. Two methods using different approaches in thin film optics for distinguishing the substrate- and film spectrum from the measurement are discussed. One method to model transmission of the Raman spectrum originating from the substrate is based on thin film interference, adapted to a partial coherent quasi monochromatic light source.[1] This method is applicable in the limiting case of thin a-Si:H films (film thickness: d<;400 nm). For larger thicknesses we demonstrate that absorption is no longer negligible and the transmission needs to be calculated using the transfer-matrix method. The Si-H stretching modes (~1900-2150 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> ) provide detailed information on the microstructure of thin films and are generally studied by infrared absorption, demanding the film being deposited on an infrared transparent substrate.[2] We demonstrate an approach in which the Raman spectrum of the substrate is removed from the measured spectrum, resulting in a technique capable of comparing crystalline fraction or microstructure of absorber layers, even in p-i-n solar cell devices.
Deciphering the Systems Biology of mTOR Inhibition by Integrative Transcriptome Analysis (2014)

The mTOR signaling plays an integral role in cellular homeostasis controlling the transition between the catabolic and anabolic states. Originally approved as immunosuppressive agents preventing allograft rejection, inhibitors of mTOR signaling have recently entered the arena of cancer therapy. Using rapamycin derivative (RAD001) as a prototype inhibitor, we aimed to systematically analyze the molecular mechanisms underlying the pleiotropic effects of mTOR signaling. Using proliferation- and clonogenic survival assays, a preferential sensitivity of microvascular endothelial cells (HDMVEC) followed by fibroblasts and U87 gliblastoma to RAD001 treatment was found. In contrast, lung- and prostate tumor cells demonstrated relative resistance against RAD001 treatment. In co-culture with fibroblasts, RAD001 exerted potent antiangiogenic effects by inhibiting endothelial cell tube formation. Further, RAD001 treatment efficiently prevented tumor growth in U87 tumor xenografts. Integrative transcriptome analysis was performed to decipher the molecular mechanism underlying RAD001 -induced anti-tumor and antiangiogenic effects. The predominant expression pattern was downregulation of genes after RAD001 treatment in all three sensitive cell types. Among the RAD001 downregulated genes, a transcriptional network was discovered enriched for genes related to angiogenesis processes and extracellular matrix remodeling, e.g., VEGF, HIF1A, CXCLs, IL6, FN, PAI-1 or NRP1. Of note, key components of PI3K upstream (PDK1) as well as mTORC2 downstream signaling (SGK1, NDRG) were downregulated by RAD001. Decreased expression of IMPDH and 139 common gene targets between mycophenolic acid and RAD001 suggested in part shared mechanisms underlying their antiangiogenic and immunosuppressive effects. In summary, key genetic participants governing anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effects of mTOR inhibition were identified.
Regional Vastus Medialis and Vastus Lateralis Activation in Females with Patellofemoral Pain (2018)

These data suggest PFP involves a simpler control strategy of VM and VL. The inverse association between task specificity and maximal knee extension strength suggests different presentations of PFP: lower knee extension strength but VM/VL coordination task specificity comparable with controls, or knee extension strength comparable with controls but lower VM/VL coordination task specificity.