gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inflammation and stroke (2009)

It is well-known that inflammation plays a major role in the genesis of the atherosclerotic plaque and thus favours the occurrence of stroke. But, inflammation is also involved after an ischaemic event affecting the brain. In this case, one can observe the infiltration of numerous inflammatory cells at the site of the lesion, the activation of the microglia and of pro-inflammatory cytokines, etc. It is usually thought that this poststroke inflammation is rather deleterious, as suggested by the fact that, after an experimentally-induced ischaemic stroke, blockade of the inflammatory response improves the neurological condition of mice. Nevertheless, until now, the application of such experimental treatments in humans has revealed unsuccessful. One of the possible explanations for this phenomenon might be that inflammation also has some beneficial effects, such as clearance of damaged tissue, promotion of angiogenesis, or still tissue remodelling and regeneration. After this first “basic science” part, we will briefly review some clinical aspects of the most significant inflammatory diseases that can cause stroke, i.e., the vasculitis. Among them, Takayasu’s arteritis, giant cell temporal arteritis (Horton’s disease), and primary angiitis of the central nervous system will be discussed. We will also shortly address the question of the antiphospholipid syndrome.
Green Chemical Engineering: An Introduction to Catalysis, Kinetics, and Chemical Processes (2014)

While chemical products are useful in their own right-they address the demands and needs of the masses-they also drain our natural resources and generate unwanted pollution. Green Chemical Engineering: An Introduction to Catalysis, Kinetics, and Chemical Processes encourages minimized use of non-renewable natural resources and fosters maximized pol
Matrices for selective diamagnetic HGMS (1981)

Both the diamagnetic and paramagnetic capture forces in HGMS are calculated for infinite arrays of elliptical and circular wires, and sheet matrices. The forces for elliptical wire arrays are obtained by summation of magnetic potentials due to magnetic surface charges. Matrices for selective diamagnetic capture are studied and evidence of capture presented.
Active video watching using annotation (1999)

This paper describes the principles and a model for adding content and structure to existing video materials, based on annotation. Annotations in printed media promote active reading and, in a similar way, annotations in video promote active watching. The principles and model are illustrated by a prototype system for video annotation and browsing, named AntV (Annotations in Video).
Relevance of Dietary Lipids as Modulators of Immune Functions in Cells Infected with <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> (2002)

Nutritional status may have significant importance for the immune system, and particularly, unsaturated fatty acids may serve as modulators of immune functions. Clinical and epidemiological studies have demonstrated that fatty acids are involved in the reduction of the inflammatory processes that occur in diseases characterized by an overactivation of the immune system. At the same time, an increase in susceptibility to infection has also been reported. The importance of immune system modulation by dietary lipids in the presence of an intracellular bacterial pathogen, such as Listeria monocytogenes, was evaluated in the present study. BALB/c mice were divided into four groups which were each fed a low-fat (2.5% by weight) diet, an olive oil (OO; 20% by weight) diet, a fish oil (FO; 20% by weight) diet, or a hydrogenated coconut oil (HCO; 20% by weight) diet for 4 weeks. In each group, lymphocye proliferation was measured, and a reduction in the stimulation index was observed in the FO and HCO groups. Cytotoxicity exerted by L. monocytogenes was increased in the groups fed diets containing OO and FO after 6 h of incubation with the bacterium. An important increase in the production of reactive oxygen species was found in the groups fed the HCO diet after 12 h of incubation with L. monocytogenes. Finally, invasion and adhesion factors were not modified substantially by the action of dietary lipids, although these factors were reduced in cells from mice fed an FO diet. These results underline the importance of several dietary lipids as biological modulators of immune functions and their crucial role in the alteration of host natural resistance.
Inflammatory responses to<i>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</i>in murine alveolar macrophage cell lines (2011)

These findings indicate that M. hyopneumoniae induces NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and NF-κB and the three MAPK pathways are involved in the process.
Development of a Screening System to Identify Deepwater Wells at Risk for Annular Pressure Build-up (2005)

Abstract Annular Pressure Build-up (APB) in wellbore annuli is a problem in most deepwater wells. If APB induced loads compromise string integrity, the selection and design of a suitable APB mitigation strategy must be pursued. The calculations required for such analyses can be tedious, since a number of cases to identify key variables and "what-if" scenarios must be evaluated. Though analytical techniques required to evaluate APB and mitigation strategies are well understood, there is a need to perform these calculations quickly and reliably. This paper discusses the development of a procedure and computational tool to determine deepwater wells at risk for APB. Though the tool structure is simple enough for spreadsheet implementation, it is technically and numerically rigorous. The role of the tool is illustrated with a case study where one or more mitigation strategies are necessary for well integrity. Details required to build such a tool, i.e. assemble the matrix of APB equations, develop quantitative models of mitigation strategies, and, most importantly, create a mathematical representation of a wellbore for use in the APB algorithm, are presented in the appendices. Finally, for the first time, the role of formation elasticity (i.e. the annular boundary conditions) on APB is examined by using equations that treat the formation as an elastic foundation.
National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 1999 emergency department summary. (2001)

During 1999, an estimated 102.8 million visits were made to hospital ED's in the United States, about 37.8 visits per 100 persons. The volume of ED visits increased by 14 percent from 1992 through 1999, though no trend was observed in the overall population-based visit rates. There was a significant increase in the visit rate for black persons 75 years of age and over. In 1999, persons 75 years of age and over had the highest ED visit rate and 41.5 percent of these patients arrived by ambulance. There were an estimated 37.6 million injury-related ED visits during 1999, or 13.8 visits per 100 persons. Seventy-four percent of injury-related ED visits were made by persons under 45 years of age. Injury visit rates were higher for males than females in each age group under 45 years. The case mix of visits at ED's changed since 1992, with a greater percent of visits presenting with illness rather than injury conditions. Abdominal pain, chest pain, fever, and headache were the leading patient complaints accounting for one-fifth of all visits. Acute upper respiratory infection was the leading illness-related diagnosis at ED visits. Increases were observed in visits where no complete diagnosis could be made (16.2 percent of visits in 1999). Diagnostic and/or screening services were provided at 89.0 percent of visits, procedures were performed at 42.5 percent of visits, and medications were provided at 72.5 percent of visits. Pain relief drugs accounted for 31.1 percent of the medications mentioned. Trend data from 1992 indicated that the use of medications at ED visits increased. In 1999, approximately 13 percent of ED visits ended in hospital admission. Facility-level data indicated that there is variation among hospital ED's with respect to case mix, number of services provided, and case disposition distributions, especially the percent admitted to the hospital.
Thermal drift compensation method for microbolometer thermal cameras (2012)

We propose a new method of compensation for drifts in thermal cameras using a filter in place of a shutter. The latter method requires periodically closing the camera, thus causing the images to appear frozen frequently. Our technique of replacing the shutter with a filter eliminates this frozen image problem. In this paper we discuss the principles of the new method and present the obtained results.
Physical and functional integration system for intelligent processing and prioritization of variables in an ICU (2003)

A system is proposed for integration, processing, and intelligent analysis of physiological variables in an ICU (intensive care unit) in which these concepts are monitored. Signal acquisition and processing and the expert system are described. An important function of the system, which is now in the development stage, is the graphic output of the results (physiological states, alarms, suggestions, etc.) and possible viewing of signals.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
DEVELOPMENT OF MESOPOROUS MEMBRANE MATERIALS FOR CO2 SEPARATION (2003)

The huge emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel fired power plants and industrial plants over the last century have resulted in an increase of the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. Climatological modeling work has predicted severe climate disruption as a result of the trapping of heat due to CO{sub 2}. As an attempt to address this global warming effect, DOE has initiated the Vision 21 concept for future power plants. We first synthesized mesoporous aluminosilicates that have high surface area and parallel pore channels for membrane support materials. Later we synthesized microporous aluminosilicates as the potential thin membrane materials for selective CO{sub 2} adsorption. The pore size is controlled to be less that 1 nm so that the adsorption of CO{sub 2} on the pore wall will block the passage of N{sub 2}. Mesoporous and precipitated alumina were synthesized as the base material for CO{sub 2} adsorbent. The porous alumina is doped with Ba to enhance its CO{sub 2} affinity due to the basicity of Ba. It is shown by gas chromatograph (GC) that the addition of Ba enhances the separation CO{sub 2} from N{sub 2}. It was found that mesoporous alumina has larger specific surface area and better selectivity of CO{sub 2} than precipitated alumina. Ba improves the affinity of mesoporous alumina with CO{sub 2}. Phase may play an important role in selective adsorption of CO{sub 2}. It is speculated that mesoporous alumina is more reactive than precipitated alumina creating the xBaO {center_dot}Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} phase that may be more affinitive to CO{sub 2} than N{sub 2}. On the other hand, the barium aluminates phase (Ba{sub 3}Al{sub 2}O{sub 6}) in the mesoporous sample does not help the adsorption of CO{sub 2}. Microporous aluminosilicate was chosen as a suitable candidate for CO{sub 2}/N{sub 2} separation because the pore size is less than 10 {angstrom}. If a CO{sub 2} adsorbent is added to the microporous silica, the adsorption of CO{sub 2} can block the passage of N{sub 2} and an effective CO{sub 2}/N{sub 2} separator will be found. It was first demonstrated that microporous silica could be synthesized. The microporous silica was then impregnated with Ba(OH){sub 2}. No adsorption of CO{sub 2} was observed. It was found that alumina must be added to facilitate CO{sub 2} adsorption. However, no microporous aluminosilicates have been shown before. We developed a process that partially coat alumina on microporous silica. It was demonstrated that microporous aluminosilicates can be obtained by the coating process and a candidate material for selective CO{sub 2} separation is available.
Ionic currents in the uterine smooth muscle. (1975)

1. Short segments of isolated longitudinal myometrium from the pregnant rate uterus have been studied in a double sucrose-gap voltage-clamp arrangement. The clamped segment averaged 65 mum times 240 mum times 100 mum, has an average total capacitance of 0-14 muF, and may contain 50-200 individual myometrial cells. 2. A significant resistance exists in series with the membrane, and limits theprecision of the quantitative information. However, it is argued that some qualitative and some comparative information is useful. 3. In Krebs-bicarbonate solution, depolarizing steps produced initial transient inward currents followed by delayed outward currents. 4. When [Na+]o was reduced by 50%, the equilibrium potential Ea shifted by an average of -17-6 mV, the maximum inward current was reduced to 0-5, the time to peak of the early current was delayed by 1-1 msec, and the maximum chord conductances for the early(Ga) and late (GK) currents remained unchanged as compared with those in normal [Na+]o. 5. When [Ca2+] was reduced to 25% of normal, Ea shifted by an average of -20-3 mV, the maximum inward current was reduced to 0-5, the time to peak was delayed 3-1 msec, and Ga was significantly reduced, while GK was unaffected. 6. The early current, and its tail when repolarization was imposed, reversed direction from inward to outward when [Na+]o was reduced from 143 mM to zero, with [Ca2+]o remaining constant at 1-9 mM. 7. From the observations in 4, 5 and 6, it was concluded that Na+ is the main charge carrier for the early current, and that Ca2+ is important in regulating Ga. 8. The late current is outwards when [K+]o equals 5-9 mM, but inwards in some voltage range when [K+]o was elevated to 120 or 148 mM. K+ is the main charge carrier for the late current. 9. The equilibrium potential for the late current, EK, is about 15 mV more negative than the natural resting potential. 10. Prolonged holding of the preparations at voltages that differ significantly from the natural resting potential tends to shift EK in a way consistent with passive changes in [K+]i by the holding current. 11. The steady-state inactivation of the early current, h, is unusual. Inward current is macimum around the resting potential, and declines with both hyperpolarizing and depolarizing changes. Half-inactivation occurred with about 9 mV depolarization and 15 mV hyperpolarization. 12. The instantaneous current-voltage relations of both early and late currents are linear. The chord conductances Ga and GKare similar in form to those in other tissues.
A Logit Model of Brand Choice Calibrated on Scanner Data (2008)

Amultinomial logit model of brand choice, calibrated on 32 weeks of purchases of regular ground coffee by 100 households, shows high statistical significance for the explanatory variables of brand loyalty, size loyalty, presence/absence of store promotion, regular shelf price and promotional price cut. The model is parsimonious in that the coefficients of these variables are modeled to be the same for all coffee brand-sizes. The calibrated model predicts remarkably well the share of purchases by brand-size in a hold-out sample of 100 households over the 32-week calibration period and a subsequent 20-week forecast period. The success of the model is attributed in part to the level of detail and completeness of the household panel data employed, which has been collected through optical scanning of the Universal Product Code in supermarkets. Three short-term market response measures are calculated from the model: regular (depromoted) price elasticity of share, percent increase in share for a promotion with a median price cut, and promotional price cut elasticity of share. Response varies across brand-sizes in a systematic way with large share brand-sizes showing less response in percentage terms but greater in absolute terms. On the basis of the model a quantitative picture emerges of groups of loyal customers who are relatively insensitive to marketing actions and a pool of switchers who are quite sensitive. This article was originally published in Marketing Science, Volume 2, Issue 3, pages 203–238, in 1983.
Reflectivity and photoluminescence studies in Bragg reflectors with absorbing layers (2001)

Reflectivity and photoluminescence studies on the GaAs/AlAs Bragg mirror with the InGaAs/InGaAsP multiple quantum well absorbing cover layer were performed at a wavelength of 1550 nm. An absorption dip enhanced by optical confinement of the Fabry-Perot resonance was observed in the reflectivity spectra. The refractive indexes of the AlAs/GaAs quarter-wave stacks and cover layer were obtained by tuning the angle of incidence (in reflectivity) and angle of detection (in photoluminescence) in the Bragg reflector, respectively. The photoluminescence studies also provide a vehicle for obtaining the absorption coefficient of the cavity medium by measuring the quality factor of the Fabry-Perot mode.
Mass incarceration, lack of housing hurting progress in HIV/AIDS battle (2013)

Mass incarceration and a lack of adequate housing for people with HIV/AIDS is severely undermining progress in tackling the U.S. epidemic, according to a recent report.
Predicting survival and recurrence in localized melanoma: A multivariate approach (1992)

Several clinical and pathologic factors appear to affect melanoma recurrence and survival. While much attention has been directed at identifying prognostic factors, few researchers have developed predictive models for survival and recurrence. Two major clinical questions are of interest in the management of melanoma: 1) what is the patient's chance of surviving for a given period, e.g., 5 or 10 years, after diagnosis of melanoma; and 2) after a patient has been disease free for a period of time, e.g., 5 years, what is his or her chance of melanoma recurrence or death in the following interval, e.g., 5 years or 10 years. In this paper, a generalized multivariate prognostic model to address both of these clinical questions is presented. Tables of the estimated probabilities of melanoma recurrence and death for prognostic subgroups are shown to facilitate prediction of an individual patient's outcome. The model was based on a database of 4,568 patients with localized melanoma, one of the largest melanoma databases in the world with detailed clinical and pathologic information, and long-term follow-up. Tumor thickness at diagnosis was the single most important prognostic factor for all outcomes. Tumor ulceration, Clark's level, lesion location, and sex had an impact on overall survival from diagnosis for some of the subgroups defined by tumor thickness. Tumor thickness at diagnosis was strongly indicative of melanoma recurrence and death even after a disease free interval of 2, 5, or 10 years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Purification and characterization of an inorganic pyrophosphatase from the extreme thermophile Thermus aquaticus (1986)

An inorganic pyrophosphatase was purified over 600-fold to homogeneity as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme is a tetramer of Mr = 84,000, has a sedimentation coefficient of 5.8S, a Stokes radius of 3.5 nm, and an isoelectric point of 5.7. Like the enzyme of Escherichia coli, the pyrophosphatase appears to be made constitutively. The pH and temperature optima are 8.3 and 80 degrees C, respectively. The Km for PPi is 0.6 mM. A divalent cation is essential, with Mg2+ preferred. The enzyme uses only PPi as a substrate.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE HBPRCA EFFECT OF DOSE ON TROUGH PEAK RATIO OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS IN ELDERLY HYPERTENSIVE MALES (1995)

1. The study was undertaken in male patients aged 61-73 years with essential hypertension. 2. The patients had previously had their blood pressure controlled with the drug studied. 3. A randomized crossover study compared the effect of different drug doses on peak (3 h) and trough (24 h) blood pressure compared to placebo. 4. All drug doses used lowered blood pressure at peak response and the responses with different doses of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors were similar. The peak response to felodipine had some dose dependency. 5. Trough blood pressure was not different from placebo with enalapril, 5 and 10 mg, perindopril, 2 mg, felodipine, 2.5 mg but was different with enalapril, 20 and 40 mg, perindopril, 4 and 8 mg and felodipine, 5 and 10 mg. 6. Trough peak ratio was dose dependent, with the greatest dependency seen with enalapril which has the shortest half-life. 7. When low doses of enalapril (5 or 10 mg), perindopril (2 mg) or felodipine ER (2.5 mg) are used it is important to check blood pressure prior to the next dose to ensure that control is achieved and maintained.
How to find success as a woman in science (2017)

As children we are encouraged to dream big, and many young people - including young women and girls - aspire to a career in science. While there are role models at the top tiers of science combating gender bias, the jump from PhD student to lead researcher may at first seem insurmountable for many women. Students considering a career in science are told that competition for research funding is fierce, giving rise to short-term contracts and job insecurity. This sees scientists working overtime and weekends and that makes it harder to succeed if you are a female scientist and mother. This outlook can leave students questioning their future in science. But there is a way to make a successful and rewarding career in science. Our own personal stories demonstrate this.
[Simultaneous determination of rate ratio of recombination to capture and trap depth from thermo-luminescence of ZnS:Cu, Co]. (2005)

The recombination luminescence is in nature a bimolecular process but, the decay rule may be changing from that of mono-molecular to bimolecular rule, i.e., from exponential to hyperbolic rule, depending on the behavior of conduction electrons. This behavior is represented by relative rate of recombination with ionized centers to that of capture by traps. This relative rate depends partly on the intrinsic parameters of the specified materials, and partly on the concentration of conduction electrons supplied by traps. Each point of the TL curve is related to the material parameters and the release of electrons from traps. The ratio of relative rate of recombination to that of capture gamma(epsilon) = sigma0(n0)/sigma(nu - n) involves the parameter epsilon. They are inseparable and must be determined at the same time. In the present report, starting from the same sample ZnS:Cu, Co which has only one peak in its TL(i. e., only one kind of luminescent center and only one kind of traps), and the experimental value of sigma/sigma0 = 0.005, the authors use thermo-luminescence kinetics models and some mathematic tools to exactly estimate the ratio sigma0(n0)/sigma(nu) and the trap depth epsilon simultaneously from the glow curve. The authors found that sigma0(n0)/sigma(nu) = -2.6 and epsilon = 0.86 eV.