gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ON THE EFFECT OF REFERENCE FRAME MOTION ON INSAR DEFORMATION ESTIMA TES (2012)

For processing of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data, precise satellite orbits are required. These orbits are given in a reference frame with respect to which tectonic plates perform a relative motion. Neglecting this motion can cause temporally increasing baseline er- rors that induce large scale error ramps into the inter- ferometric phase. The amount of error depends on the geographical location and is evaluated globally for the ENVISAT orbit. Predicted biases of deformation esti- mates can reach up to 7 mm/a in some areas. Whereas these biases are not separable from actual deformation signals by spatio-temporal correlation properties, they are well predictable and can easily be accounted for. A most simple correction approach consists in compensating the plate motion by modifying orbital state vectors, assum- ing a homogeneous velocity for the whole plate. This approach has been tested on Persistent Scatterer Inter- ferometry (PSI) results over the area of Groningen, the Netherlands. InSAR deformation analysis is based on comparing the measured interferometric phase of two images with the reference phase computed from acquisition geometry. The latter is deduced from precise orbit ephemerides, which are commonly expressed in the International Ter- restrial Reference Frame (ITRF). This frame is a realisa- tion of a global coordinate system and defined by a num- ber of geodetic stations close to the earth surface. To ac- count for secular tectonic motion, not only positions but also linear velocities are attributed to the ITRF stations. A common assumption for InSAR processing is that the reference system of the orbit data does not move with re- spect to the earth surface. However, due to plate tecton- ics, this assumption is not valid at the centimetre level. Observing from a viewpoint on a tectonic plate, the co- ordinate frame of the orbits performs a relative motion in the order of centimetres per year. Neglecting this in In- SAR processing is comparable to making an error in the interferometric baseline, the size of which is increasing with the temporal baseline. The effect on the interfero- metric phase is an almost linear trend in range, suggest- ing a large scale tilt of the surface. In contrast to tem- porally uncorrelated ramps caused by orbital errors, this kind of trend is correlated in time and cannot be sepa- rated from spatio-temporally correlated deformation sig- nals. Hence, it can mistakenly be interpreted as an actual deformation signal in applications where the signal of in- terest is a large scale deformation over a long time period, e. g., in monitoring interseismic tectonic motions. This contribution investigates the effect of neglecting the relative tectonic motion on InSAR deformation estimates, henceforth referred to as the reference frame effect. Af- ter a brief review on the ITRF and orbit errors in SAR interferometry, the effect will be described in detail and evaluated globally. A simple correction approach will be proposed and applied on ENVISAT PSI results from the Groningen area in the Netherlands.
A signal-processing based method for acquiring very high resolution images with multiple cameras and its theoretical analysis (1992)

Proposes a signal-processing based method for acquiring a higher resolution image by processing multiple low resolution images taken with different cameras. The method consists of registration and reconstruction. The theoretical analysis based on the aperture effect and the projection filter principle shows that the upper bound in the performance of the proposed image acquisition method depends on the aperture of an imager. Experimental simulations are performed and the resolution improvements are examined. The further discussions are; investigation of registration methods that are robust even under severe aliasing effects, the configuration and arrangement of the multiple imagers, trade-off relationship between resolution improvements and SNR improvements when multiple images are used, the application to real three dimensional scenes etc. >
Temperature tuning of LiNbO <sub>3</sub> electro-optic waveguide TE/TM mode convertors (1984)

A novel temperature tuning technique for LiNbO3 electro-optic waveguide mode convertors is described. Operation of both X- and Z-cut LiNbO3 devices with greater than 99% conversion efficiency at the fixed wavelength of 1.52 μm is reported and tuning rates of −0.9 nm°C−1 and −1.0 nm°C−1, respectively, demonstrated.
Comparing autonomic and proactive computing (2003)

This paper provides an overview of the relationship between proactive computing and autonomic computing, considering the design of systems that are beyond the scope of our existing computational infrastructure. Autonomic computing, as described by the IBM's manifesto on the subject, is a clear statement of the difficulties and challenges facing the computing industry today. In particular, autonomic computing addresses the problem of managing complexity. Intel Research is exploring computing futures that overlap autonomic computing but also explore new application domains that require principles we call proactive computing, enabling the transition from today's interactive systems to proactive environments that anticipate our needs and act on our behalf.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Racemic α‐Amino‐Acid Derivatives with a β‐Lactam Skeleton: Application of the Staudinger Reaction to Chiral Imines of Methyl Glyoxylate. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Interleukin-2 prevents programmed cell death in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. (1993)

When B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells derived from peripheral blood are cultured in vitro, a substantial proportion die spontaneously by programmed cell death (PCD). In this study, we reexamined this phenomenon with both B-CLL and T-CLL cells, using a serum-free culture system. After 48 h of culture, in B-CLL cells, 23.3% +/- 6.7% (mean +/- S.E.M., n = 3) of total DNA was fragmented, while in 2 cases of T-CLL, this value was 32% and 45%, respectively. Analysis by electrophoresis indicated that the DNA of the B-CLL and T-CLL cells had been cleaved into regular oligonucleosome fragments comprising approximately 180-200 base pairs. This process was significantly promoted by methylprednisolone and the protein kinase A (PKA) activator Sp-cAMPS in at least some cases. Since B-CLL and T-CLL cells often possess interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptors on their cell membranes, we assessed the effects of IL-2 on spontaneous PCD. After a 48-h culture PCD was inhibited by 100 units/ml IL-2 by 31.7% +/- 6.6% in B-CLL (n = 3) and by 47% in one of 2 cases of T-CLL. This protective effect of IL-2 against spontaneous PCD was dose- and time-dependent. These findings suggest that the viability of B-CLL and T-CLL cells in vivo is regulated both positively and negatively by intrinsic IL-2, glucocorticoids, and regulators of PKA activity. This process of cell death may be involved in the development of CLL.
Intraoperative spinal sonography: Adjunct to metrizamide CT in the assessment and surgical decompression of posttraumatic spinal cord cysts (1984)

Ten patients with prior spinal cord trauma were examined preoperatively by metrizamide computed tomography (CT) and were studied subsequently by intraoperative spinal sonography. On comparing intraoperative sonography with metrizamide CT, it was found that metrizamide CT tends to overestimate the size and number of posttraumatic cysts, that areas of myelomalacia on metrizamide CT correspond to areas of abnormal echogenicity on intraoperative sonography, and that intracyst septations are seen only on intraoperative sonography. By monitoring the position of the shunting catheter during surgery, intraoperative sonography can assure its proper intramedullary placement and demonstrate the successful decompression of the cyst. If no cyst is found with intraoperative sonography, further surgery is obviated. Intraoperative sonography is recommended for all cases where decompression of cord cysts is planned.
Sphenopharyngeal meningoencephalocele: unusual clinical and radiologic features. (1989)

A 42-year-old woman was admitted for further investigation of deficiency of growth hormone and gonadotropin first documented in 1969. On admission, the patient was mildly obese and of short stature (48 kg for 134 cm). There was no evidence of facial or palatal abnormality, fundoscopy was normal, and both visual fields and sense of smell were intact. Clinical examination also was normal
Insulin Resistance and Hyperinsulinism in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (2007)

Insulin resistance with compensatory hyperinsulinemia has been demonstrated to occur in 50–70% of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), regardless of weight. Hyperinsulinemia stimulates excess ovarian androgen production, thereby contributing to the hyperandrogenism and chronic anovulation characteristic of PCOS. The exact cause of insulin resistance in PCOS is unknown, but it appears to be related to a postbinding defect in insulin receptor-mediated signal transduction. Because of insulin resistance, women with PCOS are at risk for several long-term metabolic complications, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Crab Shell Chitin Whiskers Reinforced Natural Rubber Nanocomposites. 3. Effect of Chemical Modification of Chitin Whiskers (2003)

The purpose of this study was to chemically modify the surface of chitin whiskers and to investigate the effect of the incorporation of these modified whiskers into a natural rubber (NR) matrix on the properties of the ensuing nanocomposite. Different chemical coupling agents were tested, namely, phenyl isocyanate (PI), alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) (Accosize 18 from American Cyanamid), and 3-isopropenyl-alpha,alpha'-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate (TMI). The extent of chemical modification was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and surface energy analysis. After chemical modification, nanocomposite films were obtained using a toluene natural rubber solution in which the whiskers were dispersed. Their mechanical properties were found to be inferior to those of unmodified chitin/NR composites presented in our previous study. In fact, even though there is an increase in filler-matrix interaction as a result of chemical modification of the chitin whiskers, this does not contribute to the improvement in the mechanical properties of the resulting nanocomposite. It is concluded that this loss of performance is due to the partial destruction of the three-dimensional network of chitin whiskers assumed to be present in the unmodified composites.
Inhibition of Bacterial Growth by Glucose in Media Devoid of Nicotinic Acid (1943)

When nicotinic acid is lacking in a substrate otherwise suitable for growth, the addition of glucose inhibits the growth of organisms capable of fermenting this sugar in the presence of nicotinic acid. The degree of inhibition is 5 to 1000 fold, and depends on the organism and the medium. With Proteus XK the inhibition was 5-10 fold; with dysentery organisms and with staphylococci 100-1000 fold.
Sandlike appearance of Virchow-Robin spaces in early multiple sclerosis: a novel neuroradiologic marker. (2002)

VRSs were more frequent in patients with recent-onset MS than in control subjects. The sandlike appearance of VRSs may be a neuroradiologic marker that reflects early inflammatory changes in MS.
Analyse des modèles de sous-maille par densité présumée en Simulation des Grandes Échelles (2003)

On s'intéresse à la modélisation des termes de réaction en Simulation des Grandes Échelles d'écoulements turbulents. La densité de sous-maille est souvent approchée dans ce cadre par une loi beta. Les estimateurs optimaux pour ce problème sont étudiés. Ils montrent que le choix des lois beta est justifié. L'essentiel de l'erreur commise provient en effet du choix des paramètres fondamentaux du modèle. Nous montrons ainsi que les estimateurs optimaux constituent un outil pertinent pour l'exploration des modèles de sous-maille et la recherche de pistes pour des améliorations futures.
Effect of AICAR Treatment on Glycogen Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle (2002)

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is proposed to stimulate fat and carbohydrate catabolism to maintain cellular energy status. Recent studies demonstrate that pharmacologic activation of AMPK and mutations in the enzyme are associated with elevated muscle glycogen content in vivo. Our purpose was to determine the mechanism for increased muscle glycogen associated with AMPK activity in vivo. AMPK activity and glycogen metabolism were studied in red and white gastrocnemius muscles from rats treated with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) in vivo, and also in muscles incubated with AICAR in vitro. In vivo AICAR treatment reduced blood glucose and increased blood lactate compared with basal values. AICAR increased muscle alpha2 AMPK activity, glycogen, and glucose-6-phosphate concentrations. Glycogen synthase activity was increased in the red gastrocnemius but was decreased in the white gastrocnemius. Glycogen phosphorylase activity increased in both muscles, with an inhibition initially observed in the red gastrocnemius. In vitro incubation with AICAR activated alpha2 AMPK but had no effect on either glycogen synthase or glycogen phosphorylase. These results suggest that AICAR treatment does not promote glycogen accumulation in skeletal muscle in vivo by altering glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase. Rather, the increased glycogen is due to the well-known effects of AICAR to increase glucose uptake.
Scrapie-Induced Defects in Learning and Memory of Transgenic Mice Expressing Anchorless Prion Protein Are Associated with Alterations in the Gamma Aminobutyric Acid-Ergic Pathway (2008)

After infection with RML murine scrapie agent, transgenic (tg) mice expressing prion protein (PrP) without its glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) membrane anchor (GPI(-/-) PrP tg mice) continue to make abundant amounts of the abnormally folded disease-associated PrPres but have a normal life span. In contrast, all age-, sex-, and genetically matched mice with a GPI-anchored PrP become moribund and die due to a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease by 160 days after RML scrapie agent infection. We report here that infected GPI(-/-) PrP tg mice, although free from progressive neurodegenerative disease of the cerebellum and extrapyramidal and pyramidal systems, nevertheless suffer defects in learning and memory, long-term potentiation, and neuronal excitability. Such dysfunction increases over time and is associated with an increase in gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibition but not loss of excitatory glutamate/N-methyl-d-aspartic acid. Enhanced deposition of abnormally folded infectious PrP (PrPsc or PrPres) in the central nervous system (CNS) localizes with GABAA receptors. This occurs with minimal evidence of CNS spongiosis or apoptosis of neurons. The use of monoclonal antibodies reveals an association of PrPres with GABAA receptors. Thus, the clinical defects of learning and memory loss in vivo in GPI(-/-) PrP tg mice infected with scrapie agent may likely involve the GABAergic pathway.
The limited performance benefits of migrating active processes for load sharing (1988)

Load sharing in a distributed system is the process of transparently sharing workload among the nodes in the system to achieve improved performance. In non-migratory load sharing, jobs may not be transferred once they have commenced execution. In load sharing with migration, on the other hand, jobs in execution may be interrupted, moved to other nodes, and then resumed.
Parvovirus-based vectors for human gene therapy. (1994)

It is becoming increasingly clear that the parvovirus-based vectors may prove to be a useful alternative to the more commonly used retroviral vectors in human gene therapy. Specifically, the adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV), a human parvovirus, has gained particular attention in view of its nonpathogenic nature as well as its remarkable site-specificity of integration into the human chromosome. Using the recombinant AAV vector system, it is feasible to obtain high-efficiency transduction of slow- or non-cycling primary hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, without the need for prestimulation with cytokines, which could potentially lead to differentiation of these cells before transplantation.
Four-Channel WDM Transmission Over 50-m SI-POF at 14.77 Gb/s Using DMT Modulation (2014)

Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is a promising solution for upgrading the capacity of polymer optical fiber (POF)-based telecommunication networks. In this letter, we report on the successful realization of a four-channel highspeed WDM transmission system for 1-mm diameter step-index POF (SI-POF). For combining the optical signals coming from 405-, 450-, 515-, and 639-nm laser diodes onto 1-mm SI-POF, a 4 × 1 coupler with low insertion loss (IL) has been developed. To spatially separate different wavelength channels, a fourchannel demultiplexer with low IL (<;5.7 dB) and high (non)adjacent channel isolation (>30 dB) has been realized in bulk optics. The 14.77-Gb/s data transmission based on the offline-processed discrete multitone modulation technique has been demonstrated over 50-m SI-POF at a bit-error rate of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> .
Identification of the Nicotinic Receptor Subtypes Expressed on Dopaminergic Terminals in the Rat Striatum (2002)

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) expressed on mesostriatal dopaminergic neurons are thought to mediate several behavioral effects of nicotine, including locomotion, habit learning, and reinforcement. Using immunoprecipitation and ligand-binding techniques, we have shown that both alpha6beta2* and alpha4(nonalpha6)beta2* nAChRs are expressed in the caudate-putamen and that only alpha6* nAChRs can bind alpha-conotoxin MII and methyllycaconitine with affinities of 1.3 and 40 nm, respectively. Further studies performed on 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned striatum led to the identification of nAChR subtypes selectively expressed on dopaminergic terminals [alpha4alpha5beta2, alpha4alpha6beta2(beta3), and alpha6beta2(beta3)], nondopaminergic neuronal structures (alpha2alpha4beta2), or both structures (alpha4beta2). The identification of the nAChRs expressed on striatal dopaminergic terminals opens up the possibility of developing selective nAChR ligands active on dopaminergic systems and associated diseases, such as Parkinson's disease.
Análisis Comparativo de Sistemas Constructivos: Tradicional y Sistema de Muros Portantes, para un Proyecto de Condominios de Interés Social en la Ciudad de Durán. (2015)

El tema planteado busca analizar y comparar los sistemas constructivos
utilizados en el ecuador para realizar un proyecto de construccion de
Condominios para Viviendas de Interes Social en la Ciudad de Duran.
Por lo que se debe analizar nuevos sistemas constructivos que
garanticen menores costos, tiempos de ejecucion y adecuada calidad
de las viviendas.
Para lo cual se ha elegido el sistema de construccion tradicional de
porticos de hormigon armado con paredes de bloque de mamposteria
que es el mas usado en nuestro medio, y compararlo con un nuevo
sistema de construccion, paredes de hormigon armado o muros
portantes el cual es un sistema que esta generando grandes
expectativas por la rapidez que genera en la construccion.
El sistema de paredes portante usa moldes especiales armables para
obtener un encofrado el cual permite una fundicion directa de las
paredes y losa, logrando asi procesos ordenados, rapidos y
progresivos.
Performance Degradation of MTI Circuits Due to Amplitude Limiting (1976)

The loss in output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) due to amplitude limiting is obtained for a radar circuit consisting of a bandpass limiter, coherent demodulator, matched filter, and moving-target-indicator (MTI) filter. The circuit is used in scanning MTI radars. The tandem connection of the limiter and coherent demodulator is a model for the saturation of the intermediate-frequency (IF) demodulator of an MTI radar. Results on special functions are used to obtain simple formulas for the loss in output SNR relative to a linear IF demodulator when the input SNR is less than -15 dB and the number of hits per 3-dB beamwidth exceeds 15.
L'expression de la qualité en shingazidja : les adjectifs (1997)

Shingazidja includes a category of terms the behavior of which sets them apart from nouns and verbs: it is therefore appropriate to posit them as constituing a specific adjectival category
MP29-11 URETERAL RECONSTRUCTION WITH ILEUM: LONG TERM FOLLOW-UP OF RENAL FUNCTION (2015)

You have accessJournal of UrologyTrauma/Reconstruction: Ureter, Bladder, External Genitalia and Urotrauma II1 Apr 2015MP29-11 URETERAL RECONSTRUCTION WITH ILEUM: LONG TERM FOLLOW-UP OF RENAL FUNCTION Joshua Roth, Richard Bihrle, and Matthew Mellon Joshua RothJoshua Roth More articles by this author , Richard BihrleRichard Bihrle More articles by this author , and Matthew MellonMatthew Mellon More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2015.02.614AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Ureteric substitution with ileum has been a mainstay of reconstruction options for pan-ureteral disease or lengthy ureteral defects. Concerns over long-term renal deterioration with bowel interposition have led to alternative reconstructive options including auto-transplantation. Our objective is to assess long-term renal preservation and surgical outcomes in patients undergoing ileal ureter creation. METHODS Between April 1992 and September 2009, 112 consecutive patients underwent ileal ureter creation at Indiana University Medical Center. Of these patients, 36 had greater than 60 months of follow-up and comprised our study cohort. 31 patients had single renal unit reconstruction and 5 had bilateral ileal ureter creation. Indications included iatrogenic injury in 15 patients, radiation induced stricture in 10, and retroperitoneal fibrosis in 9. Demographic, surgical and renal functional outcomes were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS At a median follow up of 105 months (range 60-240), GFR increased or remained stable in 30 patients (83.3%). Short-term complications included 8 with Clavien 1 (22.2%), 2 with Clavien 2 (5.6%), and 1 with Clavien 3a (2.8%). Long-term complications include fistula in 2 (5.6%), renal failure requiring dialysis in 1 (2.8%), hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis in 1 (2.8%), incisional hernia in 4 (11.1%), small bowel obstruction in 4 (11.1%), of which one required adhesiolysis (2.8%). Overall reoperation rate was 22.2%. No patients in the series required prolonged stenting after surgery and only 1 had an anastamotic stricture (2.8%). CONCLUSIONS Ureteral substitution with ileum provides an effective and versatile long-term reconstructive option without compromising renal function in properly selected patients. © 2015 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 193Issue 4SApril 2015Page: e343 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2015 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Joshua Roth More articles by this author Richard Bihrle More articles by this author Matthew Mellon More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...