gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced developmental potential of heat-shocked porcine parthenogenetic embryos is related to accelerated mitogen-activated protein kinase dephosphorylation (2009)

Recently, we demonstrated that a 9-h heat shock of 42 degrees C can have marked stimulatory effects on porcine parthenogenetic embryo development if applied immediately after oocyte activation. Developmental discrepancies between heat-shocked (HS) and non-HS embryos were manifest as early as 3 h after activation, suggesting involvement of maturation promoting factor (MPF) and/or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Analysis of cdc2 kinase activity showed that MPF inactivation occurred at similar rates in HS and control embryos upon oocyte activation. However, MAPK dephosphorylation was accelerated in HS embryos compared with controls. Okadaic acid, a protein phosphatase inhibitor, maintained MAPK activity at high levels in both non-HS and HS embryos and sensitised HS embryos to the effects of elevated temperatures. No increase in heat shock proteins was observed in pronuclear-stage HS embryos. These data suggest that the acceleration of development observed in HS porcine parthenogenetic embryos is associated with a precocious inactivation of the MAPK signalling cascade. The faster cleavage divisions observed in HS embryos may be linked physiologically to their enhanced developmental potential in vitro.
O‐Benzyl Trichloroacetimidates Having Electron‐Withdrawing Substituents in Acid‐Catalyzed Diarylmethane Synthesis. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and properties of multiblock copolymers consisting of poly(L-lactic acid) and poly(oxypropylene-co-oxyethylene) prepared by direct polycondensation (1999)

A multiblock copoly(ester–ether) consisting of poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(oxypropylene-co-oxyethylene) (PN) was prepared and characterized. Preparation was done via the solution polycondensation of a thermal oligocondensate of l-lactic acid, a commercially available telechelic polyether (PN: Pluronic-F68), and dodecanedioic acid as a carboxyl/hydroxyl adjusting agent. When stannous oxide was used as the catalyst, the molecular weight of the resultant PLLA/PN block copolymers became very high (even with a high PN content) under optimized reaction conditions. The refluxing of diphenyl ether (solvent) at reduced pressure allowed the efficient removal of the condensed water from the reaction system and the feed-back of the intermediately formed l-lactide at the same time in order to successfully bring about a high degree of condensation. The copolymer films obtained by solution casting became more flexible with the increasing PN content as soft segments. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 1513–1521, 1999
Bupropion in Depression (1988)

We studied the biochemical effects of bupropion hydrochloride, a unicyclic antidepressant, in 11 depressed patients. Plasma homovanillic acid level increased significantly in patients who had poor responses to treatment but not in patients who obtained good clinical responses. Although bupropion is characterized preclinically as a weak dopamine reuptake inhibitor without appreciable effects on norepinephrine (NE) reuptake, it reduced whole-body NE turnover without altering plasma NE levels at rest and following orthostatic challenge. There was a trend toward a reduction in cerebrospinal fluid 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol and homovanillic acid concentrations following bupropion treatment, although these changes did not achieve statistical significance. Reduction in whole-body NE turnover has now been described for six disparate antidepressant treatments. Poor clinical outcome following treatment with bupropion may be related to perturbations in dopaminergic systems.
Comprehensive models for the investigation of on-chip switching noise generation and coupling (2006)

A comprehensive modeling methodology is presented for the investigation of on-chip noise generation and coupling due to power switching. The methodology utilizes a comprehensive electromagnetic model for the on-chip portion of the power grid. Thus, the tedious and error-prone extraction of a distributed RLC model for the power grid is avoided and the generated model allows for power grid induced broadband and distributed noise coupling to be taken into account in the transient simulation. The electromagnetic model for the power grid is complemented by a distributed RC model for the semiconductor substrate and RLCG models for the interconnects. Thus, a comprehensive model results for the quantification of on-chip interconnect and power grid noise effects during switching. Transient simulations using this model are carried out using a hybrid time-domain integration scheme which combines a SPICE-like engine for the analysis of all RLCG netlists and the nonlinear drivers incorporated in the model with a numerical integration algorithm for the discrete electromagnetic model for the power grid
Mechanism for the rotamase activity of FK506 binding protein from molecular dynamics simulations (1993)

Molecular dynamics (MD) and free energy perturbation (FEP) methods are used to study the binding and mechanism of isomerization of a tetrapeptide (AcAAPFNMe) by FK506 binding protein (FKBP). Detailed structures are predicted for the complexes of FKBP with the peptide in both ground-state and transition-state forms. The results support a mechanism of catalysis by distortion, where a large number of nonbonded interactions act together to stabilize preferentially the twisted transition state. The two most important groups for the catalysis are suggested to be Trp59 and Asp37, but several other groups are identified as directly or indirectly involved in the binding and catalysis. However, the structural results do not support the notion that the keto oxygen of the immunosuppressive agents FK506 and rapamycin mimics the oxygen for the twisted peptide bond in the FKBP-transition-state complex.
Effect of Ti and Al addition on microstructure of hot-dip zinc coating (2013)

In order to study the effect of addition of Ti and Al on microstructure of hot-dip zinc coatings,the Zn-Ti-Al alloy coatings were galvanized by hot-dip method in zinc baths containing different amounts of aluminum and titanium.The coatings were examined with a scanning electron microscope(SEM) equipped with a EDS analyzer.The results indicate that the addition of small amounts of Ti to the molten zinc galvanizing bath could effectively suppress the growth of ζ phase in the coatings.While dipping in the zinc bath containing 0.04% Ti for 60 s,the lamination of ζ phase can be eliminated,and a fine ternary phase T forms at the interface between ζ layer and Zn overlay when dipping in the zinc bath containing 0.07% for 60 s.While dipping in the zinc bath for 240 s,the granular T phase or the T phase islet are found at ζ/η interface or in η phase region.The co-addition of Ti and Al shows a strengthened inhibition of Fe-Zn alloy layer growth,and promotes the formation of T phase containing Al in short dipping time in η phase.
A new structure of transparent films for heat control and electromagnetic shielding of windows (2009)

Experimental tests highlight that transparent films used for thermal control in windows can be successfully adopted to obtain electromagnetic shielding in the radio frequency range. New multifunctional sandwich-structures consisting of commercial films over a glass layer are investigated. Electromagnetic, optical, and thermal performances are predicted and optimized by using the developed simulation codes. Numerical and measured frequency spectra of the shielding effectiveness and optical transmittance of the realized multilayer structures are shown.
Ion cluster emission and deposition from liquid gold ion sources (1985)

The emission and deposition of molten gold droplets from needle-tip liquid metal ion sources was investigated. The Taylor cone was identified as the source of droplet emission. An upper limit of 8 μm for the virtual source size was measured. Gold films were deposited on silicon substrates. The deposited gold spots showed a peaked, axially symmetric, distribution with a half angle for droplet emission of ∼2° which was considerably smaller than the ion emission angle of ∼45°. Typical deposition fluxes were ∼5×105 μm3/s/sr with total deposition rates of ∼3×103 μm3/s and on an average droplet diameter of ∼1 μm at an emission current of 150 μA. Smaller diameter droplets are produced with decreasing emission current and angle. Gold films with a fine textured morphology suitable for submicron patterning were obtained at emission currents less than ∼135 μA.
Impurity effects on the kinetics of sintering of metal powders. Final report (1980)

An analysis of the effect of a surface oxide layer on the sintering kinetics of metal powders has been utilized for the vast majority of metals in the periodic table. Theoretical mathematical models have been applied to numerous metal-oxide systems. Classification of this effect by use of the periodic table has been made. The metal-oxide systems have been divided into four distinct groups. An experimental analysis of the palladium-palladium oxide system has been made. Evaluation of surface area reduction data of pellets sintered in air between 773 and 898 K results in a mechanism characteristic exponent, N, between 6.2 and 6.8 and an activation energy of 14.1 +- 0.4 kcal/mole. Lack of shrinkage and the low vapor pressure of palladium in the solid state lead to the conclusion that surface diffusion is the rate-controlling sintering mechanism. Specimens sintered in the absence of a surface oxide layer in the temperature range between 773 and 1148 K incurred shrinkage with resulting N values between 5.6 and 6.5. Those specimens sintered in vacuum between 773 and 898 K possess an activation energy of 63.9 +- 0.5 kcal/mole. When compared to the literature value for grain boundary diffusion of 31.8 kcal/mole a large discrepancymore » is noted. The variation is suggested to be due to surface diffusion. Specimens sintered at high temperatures, 1073 to 1148 K, possess an activation energy of 28.8 kcal/mole which is in good agreement with the published value. Specimens sintered in the temperature range between 923 and 1048 K show a coupling between weight loss and shrinkage. The presence of a metastable surface oxide is suggested to account for this phenomenon.« less
Quantitation of mRNA for the β-Adrenoceptor Gene in Human Mononuclear Leucoocytes by in situ Hybridization with Fluorochrome Labeled Cloned DNA (1991)

Determination of the transcriptional activity of the beta-adrenoceptor (beta-AR) gene in human mononuclear leucocytes (MNL) may provide important information concerning variations in receptor expression in clinical studies. We used a new method with highly fluorochrome-labeled gene probes for in situ hybridization which allows a rapid detection of mRNA at the cellular level. MNL from venous blood of healthy volunteers were permeabilized, fixed and attached to adhesive glass slides. After incubation with fluorochrome-labeled cloned hamster beta AR-DNA probes the amount of DNA-mRNA hybrids formed in the cytoplasm of individual cells was analyzed by microfluorimetry of specifically bound fluorochrome. In nine of ten normal subjects studied so far a fraction of beta AR-mRNA positive MNL could be detected. The proportion of positive cells as well as their signal intensity revealed a high interindividual variance.
A growth factor-repressible gene associated with protein kinase C-mediated inhibition of adipocyte differentiation. (1988)

The conversion of determined adipoblasts to fully differentiated adipocytes requires appropriate environmental conditions. A strict dependence on cell confluence and a facilitation by glucocorticoid hormones have previously been described. We have found that agents that are capable of activating protein kinase C, such as basic fibroblast growth factor and phorbol esters, inhibit the differentiation of the adipogenic cell line TA1 without stimulating cell growth. Here we describe the sequence and characterization of a cDNA (clone 5) that detects an RNA, the expression of which is enhanced by glucocorticoids and increasing cell density. In contrast, activators of protein kinase C including basic fibroblast growth factor, phorbol esters, and synthetic diacylglycerols inhibit clone 5 gene expression. It appears that clone 5 expression is closely linked to environmental and hormonal factors that promote the differentiation of adipogenic cells.
Caveolin-3 in muscular dystrophy (1998)

The dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) serves as a link between cytoplasmic actin, the membrane and the extracellular matrix of striated muscle. Genetic defects in genes encoding a subset of DGC proteins result in muscular dystrophy and a secondary decrease in other DGC proteins. Caveolae are dynamic structures that have been implicated in a number of functions including endocytosis, potocytosis and signal transduction. Caveolin (VIP-21) is thought to play a structural role in the formation of non-clathrin-coated vesicles in a number of different cell types. Caveolin-3, or M-caveolin, was identified as a muscle-specific form of the caveolin family. We show that caveolin-3 co-purifies with dystrophin, and that a fraction of caveolin-3 is a dystrophin-associated protein. We isolated the gene for human caveolin-3 and mapped it to chromosome 3p25. We determined the genomic organization of human caveolin-3 and devised a screening strategy to look for mutations in caveolin-3 in patients with muscular dystrophy. Of 82 patients screened, two nucleotide changes were found that resulted in amino acid substitutions (G55S and C71W); these changes were not seen in a control population. The amino acid changes map to a functionally important domain in caveolin-3, suggesting that these are not benign polymorphisms and instead are disease-causing mutations.
Using the Implicit Association Test to investigate attitude-behaviour consistency for stigmatised behaviour (2001)

To consciously bolster behaviour that is disapproved by others (i.e., stigmatised behaviour) people may hold and report a favourable attitude toward the behaviour. However, achieving such bolstering outside awareness may be more difficult. Explicit attitudes were measured with self-report measures, and the Implicit Association Test was used to assess implicit attitudes toward behaviour held by stigmatised actors (smokers) and nonstigmatised actors (vegetarians and omnivores). Smokers' showed greater attitude-behaviour consistency in their explicit attitudes toward smoking that in their implicit attitudes. By contrast, vegetarians and omnivores showed attitude-behaviour-consistency at both implicit and explicit levels. Smokers' implicit negative attitudes toward smoking may reflect its status as a stigmatised behaviour, or its addictive nature.
Nasal and Paranasal Sinus Endoscopy A Diagnostic and Surgical Approach to Recurrent Sinusitis (1986)

Our endoscopic concept of the diagnosis and surgical treatment of recurrent sinusitis is based on Messerklinger's finding that almost all infections of the frontal and maxillary sinuses are rhinogenic. They are secondary to infection foci in their prechambers in the anterior ethmoid, especially in the ethmoidal infundibulum and the frontal recess, spreading from there to the dependent larger sinuses. Consequently, our functional endoscopic sinus surgery is aimed at these infection foci in the ethmoid, clearing mucosal contact areas, stenotic clefts and diseased cells. Ventilation and drainage of frontal and maxillary sinuses are re-established via their natural routes. There is no need for fenestration via the inferior meatus. Disease in the larger sinuses then usually heals without the mucosa having actually been touched. In our experience, this leaves hardly any indication for external or more radical procedures. The technique of endoscopic diagnosis and surgery are described in detail.
Estrogen is Required for Reambulation Induced Restoration of Bone Following Hindlimb Unloading of Ovariectomized Rats (2011)

Both mechanical loading and estrogen influence the maintenance of bone mineral density (BMD) in females. However, mechanical overload appears less effective in enhancing BMD post-menopausally; suggesting that estrogen may be required for mechanical overload induced preservation of bone mass in females. PURPOSE: To determine whether physiologic estradiol (E2) replacement and/or reambulation are capable of preserving BMD in ovariectomized (OVX) female rats undergoing hindlimb suspension. METHODS: Forty-five 5 month old female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 5-8/group) were randomized into the following groups: 1) Baseline control, 2) OVX, 3) OVX + E2, 4) OVX + 4 weeks hindlimb unloading (HLU), 5) OVX + physiologic E2 (administered by implanted catheter) + HLU, 6) OVX + HLU + 2 weeks recovery (REC), 7) OVX + E2 + HLU + REC. Following sacrifice, the femoral metaphysis was scanned by pQCT to determine bone mineral characteristics at this skeletal site. Comparisons were made between groups by ANOVA. RESULTS: The total and trabecular bone mineral characteristics in baseline controls were as follows: total bone mineral content (BMC): 16.1 ± 0.5 mg/mm, total BMD: 773 ± 17 mg/cm3, trabecular (t)BMC: 3.0 ± 0.2 mg/mm, and tBMD: 484 ± 24 mg/cm3. OVX reduced total BMC by 12%, total BMD by 15%, tBMC by 27%, and tBMD by 29% compared with controls (p < 0.05). E2 administration prevented the reduction in total BMD (p < 0.05), but unexplainably did not prevent the loss of tBMC and tBMD. OVX + HLU resulted in a respective 40% and 42% reduction in total BMC and total BMD and a 69% and 66% reduction in tBMC and tBMD compared with controls (p < 0.05), which was greater than the bone loss induced by OVX alone (p < 0.05); while, E2 treatment of OVX + HLU animals restored the bone characteristics to the level of normally ambulating OVX animals. The bone characteristics of OVX + HLUREC animals were also reduced compared with controls (p < 0.05) and were not different than HLU animals; however, all measured bone characteristics were restored to the level of controls in OVX + HLUREC + E2 animals. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that E2 administration partially prevents the loss of bone resulting from HLU of OVX animals and also suggest that E2 may be required for the mechanical overload induced restoration of BMD following disuse. Project was funded by a VA Merit Award (S.E.B.)
Entry force and intra-abdominal pressure associated with six laparoscopic trocar-cannula systems: a randomized comparison (1999)

The system successfully measured both entry force and resultant intraperitoneal pressure. Pyramidal trocar-cannula systems required the lowest force for entry. These differences in entry force have potential clinical implications related to the risk of visceral and vascular injury. Intraperitoneal pressure measurement could be used as a surrogate for insertional force measurement.
Spotlight (2014)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVSpotlightNEXTSpotlightHeidi A. Dahlmann, Jason G. Underwood, and Sarah A. WebbCite this: ACS Chem. Biol. 2014, 9, 8, 1642–1644Publication Date (Web):August 15, 2014Publication History Published online15 August 2014Published inissue 15 August 2014https://doi.org/10.1021/cb500594cCopyright © 2014 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views215Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Antimicrobial agents,Drug discovery,Morphology,Peptides and proteins,Screening assays Get e-Alerts
A Novel Missense Mutation, F826Y, in the Mineralocorticoid Receptor Gene in Japanese Hypertensives: Its Implications for Clinical Phenotypes (2005)

A gain-of-function mutation resulting in the S810L amino acid substitution in the hormone-binding domain of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR, locus symbol NR3C2) is responsible for early-onset hypertension that is exacerbated in pregnancy. The objective of this study was to test whether other types of missense mutations in the hormone-binding domain could be implicated in hypertension in Japanese. Here, we screened 942 Japanese patients with hypertension for the S810L mutation in exon 6 in the MR. We did not identify the S810L mutation in our hypertensive population, indicating that S810L does not play a major role in the etiology of essential hypertension in Japanese. However, we identified a novel missense mutation, F826Y, in three patients in a heterozygous state, in addition to four single nucleotide polymorphisms, including one synonymous mutation (L809L). The F826Y mutation is present in the MR hormone-binding domain and might affect the ligand affinity. The F826Y mutation was also identified in 13 individuals (5 hypertensives and 8 normotensives) in a Japanese general population (n=3,655). The allele frequency was 0.00178. The frequencies of the F826Y mutation in the hypertensive population (3/942) and in the hypertensive group (5/ 1,480) and the normotensive group (8/2,175) in the general population were not significantly different, suggesting that this mutation does not greatly affect hypertension. Although it is unclear at present whether or not the F826Y mutation makes a substantial contribution to the mineralocorticoid receptor activity, this missense mutation may contribute, to some extent, to clinical phenotypes through its effects on MR.
Microstructural analysis of integrated pin-shaped two-dimensional and three-dimensional ferroelectric capacitors from micro-focused synchrotron X-ray techniques (2006)

Future development of ferroelectric random access memory requires the integration of three-dimensional ferroelectric capacitors (FeCAP) in a microelectronic architecture. In this paper, pin-shaped two-dimensional and three-dimensional Sr 0.8 Bi 2.2 Ta 2 O 9 -based FeCAP arrays were characterized using an original approach combining micro-focused synchrotron X-ray fluorescence and diffraction. From a modelling approach, dimensional, chemical and microstructural details were extracted over a series of capacitor arrays. Hence, these techniques proved insightful for a non-destructive benchmarking approach. In addition, for all investigated capacitor geometries, the micro-fluorescence experiments evidenced a well controlled chemical composition within the FeCAP arrays, attesting the stability of the elaboration and integration steps. Nevertheless, micro-diffraction experiments have indicated a lower control of the ferroelectric film crystallographic orientation from one capacitor to the next, despite a well defined chemical composition. This feature was attributed to the presence of patterned bottom electrodes, bringing to light the role of the slanted capacitor sidewalls in the three-dimensional geometry and partially explaining the non-optimized electrical polarization usually measured in three-dimensional capacitors with respect to planar geometry.