gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Minimization Problem for Sequential Programs (2017)

First-order program schemata represent one of the most simple models of sequential imperative programs intended for solving verification and optimization problems. We consider the decidable relation of logical-thermal equivalence on these schemata and the problem of their size minimization while preserving logical-thermal equivalence. We prove that this problem is decidable. Further we show that the first-order program schemata supplied with logical-thermal equivalence and finite-state deterministic transducers operating over substitutions are mutually translated into each other. This relationship makes it possible to adapt equivalence checking and minimization algorithms developed in one of these models of computation to the solution of the same problems for the other model of computation. In addition, on the basis of the discovered relationship, we describe a subclass of first-order program schemata such that minimization of the program schemata from this class can be performed in polynomial time by means of known techniques for minimization of finite-state transducers operating over semigroups. Finally, we demonstrate that in the general case the minimization problem for finite state transducers over semigroups may have several non-isomorphic solutions.
Carotid-Cavernous Fistula Associated with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Type IV (1999)

A case of traumatic, direct, carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) associated with Ehlers - Danlos syndrome (EDS) Type IV is reported along with a review of the literature. Excluding the present case, three similar cases associated with EDSTypeJV have already been reported by Gerard M. Debrun et Al(l). Despite the risks associated with endovascular manipulation, the fistula was successfully closed by intravascular embolisation but the patient expired a few days later because of underlying disease-associated vascular and visceral complications.
Theoretical Modeling of Room Shape for Ray Tracing Simulation (2014)

With the recent developments in computer-aided design (CAD) technology, the detailed modeling of shapes has become routine. However, it is well known that low-frequency sounds do not propagate in detail-oriented models of rooms in the way that is predicted by geometrical acoustic simulations. Therefore, rough models of room shapes are commonly used and scattering coefficients are set for each material in this kind of simulation. However, scattering coefficients are difficult to use for creative room shape design, because scattering coefficients need to be measured in advance. Thus, we propose a new method for ray tracing simulations that can be used in place of the scattering coefficient method. This paper presents a discussion of methods for constructing the appropriate room shape for the analyzed frequency from a detail-oriented model of a room.
More Than One Mutation Is Required for Leukemia Development Following Retroviral Vector-Mediated Gene Transfer. (2004)

Abstract As recent case reports have suggested that proto-oncogene activation by replication-deficient retroviral vectors may trigger leukemia in mice and men, there is an urgent need for models allowing predictive investigations into the pathomechanisms of this complication. Previously, we have shown that dose-escalated replication-defective retrovirus vectors (such as HaMDR1 or SF91dsRedpre) may trigger combinatorial leukemia-initiating events in single cells, with a probability that allows prospective studies in simple mouse models (C57Bl/6). Meanwhile, we have performed molecular analyses for 5 different leukemias, harboring 6 to 12 vector insertions according to Southern blot. 34 insertions recovered from these clones by LM-PCR and LAM-PCR showed that 4 leukemias had combinatorial hits in at least one established proto-oncogene (class 1 genes: Hivep1, Mllt3, Fli1, HoxA7, Brd2, Evi1, Csfr3, Bcl11a, Ski) with at least one hit in other signaling genes (class 2 genes). One leukemia for which 2 insertions remain to be identified showed at least 3 class 2 hits, so far without a class 1 event. All leukemias presented with hits in genes involved in cytoplasmic signal cascades along with genes contributing to nuclear regulatory networks. Some of these leukemias had a normal karyotype. A comparison with 62 insertion sites from healthy control animals (determined in peripheral blood DNA harvested 7 months after transplantation) revealed a significant enrichment of class 1 hits in leukemias (14-fold over expected and 3-fold over control). Healthy animals still showed 6 hits (~10%) in class 1 genes, obviously not being sufficient for leukemia induction. Three of these occurred upstream of Evi1, one upstream of Nfic, one upstream of Pdclg2, and one in Bcl11a. Interestingly, upstream vector insertion was preferred in class 1 gene hits. Overall, insertions recovered from both normal and leukemic samples revealed an overrepresentation of hits within (or upstream of) known or predicted genes (89 and 90%, respectively). In line with the data of a related murine marking study (Kustikova, Fehse et al., ASH 2004), our study strongly suggests that single hits in class 1 or class 2 genes are not sufficient to induce leukemia in mice. However, certain combinations of such events in single cells may well be leukemogenic with a given latency. Our findings establish a powerful approach for both oncogene discovery and safety validation in gene therapy.
Systemic lupus erythematosus during isoniazid therapy. (1991)

A case of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a young female which developed during the course of isoniazid therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis is described. SLE in this case is believed either to be induced or precipitated by isoniazid. Pertinent literature has been reviewed.
A Copper-sensitized, Flame-photometric Detector for Gas Chromatography of Halogen Compounds (1969)

A gas chromatographic detector, based on the green flame emitted by halogens in the presence of copper (Beilstein test), was devised for the analysis of halogenated compounds. Hydrogen and the column effluent pass through a 30-mesh copper screen and burn in oxygen admitted above the screen. The emitted light passes through a 526-mµ interference filter to a photomultiplier tube which registers its response on a strip-chart recorder. The broad quiet flame provides a sensitive, stable detector that gives an exponential response for chlorine, bromine, and iodine compounds (linear on a log-log scale over a usable range) and can be used for quantitative analysis in isothermal or temperature-programmed determinations. The relative response of the detector when the hydrogen flow is varied may be used to distinguish the three halogens. The detector responds linearly to fluorine-containing and nonhalogen compounds and is therefore not selective. However, chlorine, bromine, and iodine compounds are readily recognized by their exponential response. The analysis of crop extracts for chlorinated pesticides requires a thorough cleanup.
Optimization and vibration suppression of adaptive composite panels using genetic algorithm and disturbance observer technique (2003)

In this paper, a model of the adaptive composite panel surfaces with piezoelectric patches is built using the Rayleigh-Ritz method based on the laminate theory. The interia and stiffness of the actuators are considered in the developed model. An optimal actuator location has been proved to be desirable since the piezoelectric actuators often have limitations of delivering large power oiutputs. Due to its effectiveness in seraching optimal design parameters and obtaining globally optimal solutions, the genetic algorithm has been applied to find optimal locations of piezoelectric actuators for the vibration control of a smart composite beam. In addition, the effects of population size, the crossover probability, and the mutation probability on the convergence of the genetic algorithm are investigated. Meanwhile, linear quadric regulator (LQR) and disturbance observer (DOB) are employed for the vibration suppression of the optimized adaptive composite beam (ACB). The experimental results show the robustness of the DOB, which can successfully suppress the vibrations of the cantilevered ACB according to the optimization results in an uncertain system.
Stroboscopic X-ray topography of quartz resonators (1987)

Stroboscopic X-ray topography has been performed to observe the different states of acoustic vibrations in quartz resonators with a time resolution of 1 ns. These experiments have been made at LURE (Orsay, France) using the pulsed light delivered by the DCI storage ring. The studied resonators have shown that the vibration is affected by the nature, the density and the distribution of the defects.
Ribonucleic acid dependent deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis by Escherichia coli deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase I. Characterization of the polymerization reaction (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRibonucleic acid dependent deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis by Escherichia coli deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase I. Characterization of the polymerization reactionElizabeth C. Travaglini and Lawrence A. LoebCite this: Biochemistry 1974, 13, 15, 3010–3017Publication Date (Print):July 16, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 16 July 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00712a002https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00712a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views20Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reducing peak search effort using two-tier pruning (1998)

Many of the pruning strategies used to remove less likely hypotheses from the search beam in large vocabulary speech recognition (LVR) systems, have a peak search space many times greater than the average search space. This paper discusses two such pruning strategies used within BT’s speech recognition architecture [1], Step pruning and Histogram pruning. Two-tier pruning is proposed as a simple but powerful extension applicable to either of the above strategies. This seeks to limit the expansion of the search space between the prune and acoustic match processes without affecting accuracy. It is shown that the application of two-tier pruning to either strategy reduces peak search effort, and results in an average reduction in run time of 33% and 53% for step pruning and histogram pruning respectively, with no loss in top-N accuracy.
Decision-feedback differential detection schemefor 16-DAPSK (1998)

A novel decision-feedback differential detection (DF-DD) scheme for 16-level differentially encoded amplitude phase shift keying signals is proposed. It is shown that, by using the new technique based on multiple-symbol detection, a significant performance gain may be obtained compared to a previously proposed DF-DD scheme. This gain increases with decreasing number of feedback symbols, which makes the novel scheme attractive for implementation.
Mechanisms of p155HER2 Expression in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines (1992)

Abstract To identify mechanisms that allow p185HER2 expression in lung cancer, we performed Western, Southern, and Northern blot analyses of 14 cell lines derived from human non-small cell lung carcinomas and one cell line derived from a human mesothelioma. Human bronchiole epithelial cells and rat type II pneumocytes were found to express p185HER2 at low to undetectable levels by Western blot technique. In contrast, 13 lung cancer cell lines expressed p185HER2, and eight of these 13 expressed p185HER2 at levels at least 2-fold higher than that found in normal bronchiole epithelial cells or type II pneumocytes. Genomic Southern analysis showed that amplification of the HER2 gene was present in only one of the eight cell lines that expressed p185HER2 at these higher levels. Increased levels of steady-state HER2 mRNA occurred in the remaining seven cell lines. We conclude that in human non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines the most common mechanism resulting in increased p185HER2 expression is due to mechanisms that increase HER2 mRNA levels, with HER2 gene amplification occurring less commonly.
An AVID Dissent (1994)

Despite declarations to the contrary, AVID appears to be a study that is seriously flawed. It is unfairly biased against the ICD; it entails unresolved ethical questions; and it poses a basic question that is inappropriate and subject to broad misinterpretation. Whatever the outcome of the study, harm is likely to follow unless the results are viewed very circumspectly. Rather than conducting such a study, we instead should be directing research funds toward identifying subsets of patients who might best benefit from the ICD. To optimize the use of the ICD, we need to do more patient selection, not less. We need to define subsets of patients in whom the prevention of sudden death by the ICD yields a prolonged overall survival, as well as subsets of patients in whom the device offers little or no benefit. AVID not only fails to do this, but it also threatens to inappropriately curtail (or less likely, to inappropriately expand) the proper use this efficacious tool, the ICD.
Use of stimulation mapping and corticography in the excision of arteriovenous malformations in sensorimotor and language-related neocortex (1989)

The excision of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) located within eloquent neocortex presents a formidable neurosurgical challenge. Compromise of the vascular supply to normal surrounding brain or surgical trauma to essential neighboring neocortex may result in unacceptable postoperative neurological morbidity. In addition, successful removal of these lesions without the benefit of intraoperative corticography may leave in situ areas of highly epileptogenic brain, resulting in continued epilepsy. In this report, we describe eight patients who underwent craniotomy and excision of AVMs at our institutions. Six of these lesions were located in the dominant (left) hemisphere, and two were on the right. All patients underwent preoperative testing with Amytal administered via the carotid artery (Wada test). Subsequently, the patient was placed under local anesthesia, and we performed a craniotomy. Electrocorticography was used to identify epileptogenic brain in the region of the AVM and to establish after-discharge thresholds to electrical stimulation. Stimulation-mapping techniques were then used to delineate critical motor, sensory, and language areas. Trial occlusion of feeding vessels was also carried out to document postocclusion neurological deterioration, if any. At a later time, a second procedure was performed under general anesthesia to excise the lesion and any epileptogenic foci, using the cortical maps derived earlier. Using these techniques, it was possible to effect complete excision of these lesions in seven of eight patients without causing additional neurological deficits. (Neurosurgery 24:322-327, 1989)
Design, synthesis and evaluation of dihydrochalcone sweeteners (1989)

A series of novel dihydrochalcone sweeteners were rationally designed to enable investigation into the sweetness inducing mechanism. Seventeen dihydrochalcone structures were synthesised and purified in the laboratory. These new compounds were evaluated for both sweetness and total taste intensity by a trained taste panel. Taste evaluations were analyzed in terms of the physicochemical parameters of substituent modifications. Taste intensity was found to be controlled primarily by electronic factors, but also by hydrophobic factors, at the dihydrochalcone B-ring. The most intensely sweet dihydrochalcone currently known, 3$\sp\prime$-carboxyhesperitin dihydrochalcone, was discovered. This compound was evaluated as being almost 3,500 times sweeter than a 6% w/v sucrose solution. Attempts to decrease the side-tastes and aftertaste characteristic of dihydrochalcones were unsuccessful. These competing tastes were concluded to result from interaction with non-sweet taste receptors towards the back of the mouth, and seem to be inherent to the sweetness eliciting glucophores of the dihydrochalcone structure.
Mean Line Flow Model of Steady and Pulsating Flow of a Mixed-Flow Turbine Turbocharger (2010)

A one-dimensional investigation for a mixed-flow turbine turbocharger turbine is described in this paper. The main outcome of the research is to develop a validated procedure for turbine performance maps in both steady and pulsating flow. The approach is limited to a simple procedure that can be integrated in wave action codes and thus not requiring 2D or 3D calculations. The mass flow parameter map is used as an input for the investigation, thus requiring some knowledge of either from experiments or from mean line methods calculations. In this paper, the mass flow parameter is experimentally measured at the turbocharger facility in Imperial College. A realistic yet reduced-order model for turbine losses allows the prediction of the steady flow performance; the calibration of the model is performed at peak efficiency of the turbine for a given rotational speed. The loss model for steady flow is then extended for pulsating conditions and for presumed quasi-steady operation. Finally, the predicted turbine performance is compared with experimental data. The comparison between one-dimensional modeling and experimental data for steady flow condition has shown Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) range from 1.62% to 11.62%. Meanwhile, a good trend agreement has been achieved for pulsating flow condition.
Human hepatic myofibroblasts increase invasiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma cells: Evidence for a role of hepatocyte growth factor (1997)

The stroma of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) is infiltrated with myofibroblasts (MFs). Preliminary in vivo data have suggested that liver MF express hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a cytokine that has been implicated in several tumor models. Our aim was to investigate the role of MF and HGF in HCC. Cultured liver MF expressed HGF messenger RNA (mRNA) and secreted HGF in their medium, as shown by Western blot, immunoprecipitation, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Addition of MF-conditioned medium to the HepG2 HCC cell line induced cell scattering. This was associated with a decrease in cell proliferation. MF also increased about 100-fold the ability of HepG2 to invade Matrigel. Increased invasiveness was also shown for HuH7 cells, but no scattering was observed and cell proliferation was stimulated. All the effects of MF on both tumor cell types were blocked by addition of an antibody to HGF and they all could be reproduced by adding recombinant HGF to the tumor cells. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis confirmed that both tumor cell lines expressed c-met, the receptor for HGF. The effects of MF-conditioned medium were not reproduced by acidic fibroblast growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis confirmed that HGF was expressed in human HCC. Our data show that human liver MF act on HCC cells to increase their invasiveness and suggest that MF-derived HGF could be involved in the pathogenesis of HCC.
Detection of invasive infection caused by<i>Fusarium solani</i>and non-<i>Fusarium solani</i>species using a duplex quantitative PCR-based assay in a murine model of fusariosis (2012)

A duplex Real Time PCR (RT-PCR) assay for detecting DNA of members of the genus Fusarium has been developed and validated by using two mouse models of invasive infection. The duplex RT-PCR technique employed two specific molecular beacon probes targeting a highly conserved region of the fungal rDNA gene. This technique showed a detection limit of 10 fg DNA per μl of sample and a specificity of 100%. The sensitivity in a total of 48 samples from a murine model of Fusarium solani infection was 93.9% for lung tissues and 86.7% for serum samples. In comparison, the sensitivity in a total of 45 samples of a F. oxysporum murine model infection was 87% for lung tissues and 42.8% for serum samples. This molecular technique could be a reliable method for the quantification and the evaluation of the disease in animal models and for the clinical diagnosis of fusariosis.
Patient position verification using small IMRT fields (2006)

A commonly used approach to quantify and minimize patient setup errors is by using electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs). The position of the tumor can be verified indirectly by matching the bony anatomy to a reference image containing the same structures. In this paper we present two off-line methods for detecting the position of the bony anatomy automatically, even if every single portal image of each segment of an IMRT treatment beam contains insufficient matching information. Extra position verification fields will no longer be necessary, which reduces the total dose to the patient. The first method, the stack matching method (SMM), stacks the portal image of each segment of a beam to a three dimensional (3D) volume, and this volume is subsequently used during the matching phase. The second method [the averaged projection matching method (APMM)], is a simplification of the first one, since the initially created volume is reduced again to a 2D artificial image, which speeds up the matching procedure considerably, without a significant loss of accuracy. Matching is based on normalized mutual information. We demonstrate our methods by comparing them to existing matching routines, such as matching based on the largest segment. Both phantom and patient experiments show that our methods are comparable with the results obtained from standard position verification methods. The matches are verified by means of visual inspection. Furthermore, we show that when a distinct area of 40-60 cm2 of the EPID is exposed during one treatment beam, both SMM and APMM are able to deliver a good matching result.