gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mesoporous Alumina (MA) Based Double Column Approach for Development of a Clinical Scale<sup>99</sup>Mo/<sup>99m</sup>Tc Generator Using (n,γ)<sup>99</sup>Mo: An Enticing Application of Nanomaterial (2013)

This paper describes the utility of mesoporous alumina (MA), a high capacity nanomaterial based sorbent, for the development of a clinical grade 99Mo/99mTc generator using (n,γ)99Mo. Synthesis of MA was performed using a glucose template in an aqueous system. Structural characterization of the nanosorbent was carried out by analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron miscroscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The material synthesized was mesoporous and nanocrystalline, with average crystallite size of 2–3 nm with a large surface area of 230 ± 10 m2 g–1. In order to evaluate the surface charge of MA in aqueous solution, the zeta potential was determined at different pH environments. Adsorption characteristics of the sorbent such as time course of the adsorption, distribution ratios of 99Mo and 99mTc ions, Mo sorption capacity under static and dynamic conditions, 99Mo adsorption pattern and 99mTc elution pattern were determined to assess its effectiveness in the preparation of 99Mo/99mTc generator. The measured distribution ratio values indicate that 99Mo is both strongly and selectively retained by MA at acidic pH and 99mTc could be readily eluted from it, using 0.9% NaCl solution. The static sorption capacity and practical sorption capacity under dynamic conditions of MA was determined to be 225 ± 20 and 168 ± 12 mg Mo per gram of sorbent, respectively. With a view to realize the scope of developing clinical scale generator, a novel tandem column generator concept was used in which two 99Mo loaded columns were connected in series. In this method 99mTc eluted from the first column was fed to the second column to achieve higher radioactive concentration (RAC) as well as purity of 99mTc. A 26 GBq (700 mCi) 99Mo/99mTc generator was developed using (n,γ)99Mo having specific activity of ∼18.5 GBq (500 mCi)/g of Mo. The 99mTc eluted from the generator possessed high radionuclidic, radiochemical, and chemical purity and was amenable for the preparation of 99mTc-labeled radiopharmaceuticals. The technology can be adapted by those countries having research reactors with flux >1 × 1014 n·cm–2·s–1 to produce 99Mo by (n,γ) route. The capacity of the generator can be scaled up to 260 GBq (7 Ci) using (n,γ)99Mo produced from a reactor with flux >1 × 1015 n·cm–2·s–1.
Parameters affecting the photocatalytic degradation of dyes using TiO2: a review (2015)

Traditional chemical, physical and biological processes for treating wastewater containing textile dye have such disadvantages as high cost, high energy requirement and generation of secondary pollution during treatment process. The advanced oxidation processes technology has been attracting growing attention for the decomposition of organic dyes. Such processes are based on the light-enhanced generation of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals, which oxidize the organic matter in solution and convert it completely into water, CO2 and inorganic compounds. In this presentation, the photocatalytic degradation of dyes in aqueous solution using TiO2 as photocatalyst under solar and UV irradiation has been reviewed. It is observed that the degradation of dyes depends on several parameters such as pH, catalyst concentration, substrate concentration and the presence of oxidants. Reaction temperature and the intensity of light also affect the degradation of dyes. Particle size, BET-surface area and different mineral forms of TiO2 also have influence on the degradation rate.
FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF SOME CUCURBITACEAE SEED OILS (1964)

Seed oils of nine species of Cucurbitaceae were analyzed by gas chromatography and other techniques. The oil of Ecballiumelaterium yielded 22% of punicic acid; Cucumisdipsaceus and Cucurbitaficifolia had the ordinary palmitic–oleic–linoleic composition; a variety of Momordicacharantia had 57% of α-eleostearic acid. Occurrence of punicic acid as the major acid of Trichosanthesanguina was confirmed. No evidence could be found for the existence of an isomer of linoleic acid in Telfairiapedata oil. The fatty acid composition was determined quantitatively for the above oils and for those of Cucumismelo, Lagenariasiceraria, and Luffacylindrica. The 4-bromophenacyl esters of α-eleostearic and punicic acids were prepared.
Real-time accurate crowd counting based on RGB-D information (2012)

Real-time accurate crowd counting is one of important tasks in intelligent visual surveillance systems. Most previous works can only count passing people robustly without heavy occlusions which are very common in the practical surveillance scenes. To solve this difficult problem, we propose a new method for crowd counting for RGB-D (RGB plus depth) data using a commodity depth camera. In our method, we first detect each head-shoulder of the passing or still person in the surveillance region with fast template matching based on depth information including pedestrian filling with convex hull segmentation. Then, we track and count each detected head-shoulder based on RGB information bidirectionally. By using this approach, we have built a practical system for robust and fast crowd counting. Extensive experimental results show that our method achieves significant improvement comparing to states-of-the-art approach, and the built system is not only robust to heavy occlusions, but also can be deployed in the real time crowd counting application scenes.
Efficient and Robust Fitting of Lognormal Distributions (2002)

Abstract In parametric modeling of loss distributions in actuarial science, a versatile choice with intermediate tail weight is the lognormal distribution. Surprisingly, however, the fitting of this model using estimators that are at once efficient and robust has not been seriously addressed in the extensive literature. Consequently, typical estimators of the lognormal mean and variance fail to be both efficient and robust. In particular, the highly efficient maximum likelihood estimators lack robustness because of their limited sensitivity to outliers in the sample. For the two-parameter lognormal estimation problem, the author considers the problem of efficient and robust joint estimation of the mean and variance of a normal model. He introduces generalized-median-type estimators that yield efficient and robust estimators of various parameters of interest in the lognormal model. The paper provides detailed treatment of the lognormal mean and discusses extension of the approach to the much more complicated problem of estimation for the three-parameter lognormal model.
A SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE RELEASE OF ISLETS BY CONTROLLED COLLAGENASE DIGESTION OF THE HUMAN PANCREAS (1990)

A simple technique for the controlled collagenase digestion of the human pancreas is described. The pancreas is distended with collagenase, and a biopsy taken and divided into 5 pieces that are placed in Universals containing minimal essential medium and dithizone at 39 degrees C. The pancreas itself is incubated in MEM at 39 degrees C. Starting at 5 min and at intervals thereafter, a Universal is removed from the water bath, shaken for 30 sec, and the contents examined by microscopy. As soon as free cleaved islets are seen, the pancreas is placed into one compartment of a kidney-bowl divided in half by a 1-mm mesh. The pancreas is gently teased apart and fluid digest in the empty half of the bowl aspirated and passed through a 500-micron mesh into ice-cold MEM containing 20% newborn calf serum. This process is repeated until the digestion process has ceased. Using this technique on 20 consecutive pancreata, median wt. (range) 53.9 (45.2-72.9) g, we have counted 131,672 (43,516-400,000) islets in the digest, equivalent to 2394 (715-8000) islets/g pancreas. The volume of islet tissue in the digest was 299 (26-1341) mm3 equivalent to 5.81 (0.36-26.81) mm3/g pancreas. In conclusion, we have found this simple technique to be an effective method for the controlled collagenase digestion of the human pancreas.
Simulation-based Testing of Control Software (2017)

It is impossible to adequately test complex software by examining its operation in a physical prototype of the system monitored. Adequate test coverage can require millions of test cases, and the cost of equipment prototypes combined with the real-time constraints of testing with them makes it infeasible to sample more than a small number of these tests. Model based testing seeks to avoid this problem by allowing for large numbers of relatively inexpensive virtual prototypes that operate in simulation time at a speed limited only by the available computing resources. In this report, we describe how a computer system emulator can be used as part of a model based testing environment; specifically, we show that a complete software stack including operating system and application software - can be deployed within a simulated environment, and that these simulations can proceed as fast as possible. To illustrate this approach to model based testing, we describe how it is being used to test several building control systems that act to coordinate air conditioning loads for the purpose of reducing peak demand. These tests involve the use of ADEVS (A Discrete Event System Simulator) and QEMU (Quick Emulator) to host the operational software within the simulation, and a building model developed with the MODELICA programming language using Buildings Library and packaged as an FMU (Functional Mock-up Unit) that serves as the virtual test environment.
Psychodrama in der stationären Psychotherapie (2003)

Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich anhand von drei Fallbeispielen mit psychodramatischer Arbeit in der stationaren Psychotherapie. Es werden drei verschiedene Techniken (Familienskulptur in der Gruppe, Rollenwechsel und soziales Atom im Monodrama) des Psychodrama in der Gruppen- und in der Einzeltherapie beschrieben. Diese Beispiele sollen die Integration des Psychodrama im psychotherapeutischen Prozess verdeutlichen. Schlusselworter: Psychodrama; stationare Psychotherapie; Familienskulptur; Rollenwechsel; soziales Atom; Monodrama.
Streptococcal Inhibitor of Complement Inhibits Two Additional Components of the Mucosal Innate Immune System: Secretory Leukocyte Proteinase Inhibitor and Lysozyme (2002)

Streptococcal inhibitor of complement (SIC) is a 31-kDa extracellular protein of a few, very virulent, strains of Streptococcus pyogenes (particularly M1 strains). It is secreted in large quantities (about 5 mg/liter) and inhibits complement lysis by blocking the membrane insertion site on C5b67. We describe investigations into the interaction of SIC with three further major components of the innate immune system found in airway surface liquid, namely, secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor (SLPI), lysozyme, and lactoferrin. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays showed that SIC binds to SLPI and to both human and hen egg lysozyme (HEL) but not to lactoferrin. Studies using (125)I-labeled proteins showed that SIC binds approximately two molecules of SLPI and four molecules of lysozyme. SLPI binding shows little temperature dependence and a small positive enthalpy, suggesting that the binding is largely hydrophobic. By contrast, lysozyme binding shows strong temperature dependence and a substantial negative enthalpy, suggesting that the binding is largely ionic. Lysozyme is precipitated from solution by SIC. Further studies examined the ability of SIC to block the biological activities of SLPI and lysozyme. An M1 strain of group A streptococci was killed by SLPI, and the antibacterial activity of this protein was inhibited by SIC. SIC did not inhibit the antiproteinase activity of SLPI, implying that there is specific inhibition of the antibacterial domain. The antibacterial and enzymatic activities of lysozyme were also inhibited by SIC. SIC is the first biological inhibitor of the antibacterial action of SLPI to be described and may prove to be an important tool for investigating this activity in vivo. Inhibition of the antibacterial actions of SLPI and lysozyme would be advantageous to S. pyogenes in establishing colonization on mucosal surfaces, and we propose that this is the principal function of SIC.
How reliable is the Bispectral Index in critically ill patients? A prospective, comparative, single-blinded observer study* (2002)

The correlation between SAS and BIS scores was suboptimal and inconsistent in a heterogeneous group of critically ill patients. The generation of BIS hardware and software, studied herein, is neither reliable nor valid for routinely monitoring the level of consciousness in the critically ill patient. Excessive muscle movement by the patient is an important and spurious influence on BIS values and seriously undermines BIS reliability.
Fractionation with condensation and evaporation in wetted‐wall columns (1984)

Abstract A model is presented to describe the behavior of falling film fractionators with evaporation or condensation. Experimental measurements of vapor composition, vapor temperature and wall temperature profiles were made. Close agreement suggests that the model is applicable to both adiabatic and nonadiabatic conditions.
Optimal Schedules of Light Exposure for Rapidly Correcting Circadian Misalignment (2014)

Jet lag arises from a misalignment of circadian biological timing with the timing of human activity, and is caused by rapid transmeridian travel. Jet lag's symptoms, such as depressed cognitive alertness, also arise from work and social schedules misaligned with the timing of the circadian clock. Using experimentally validated mathematical models, we develop a new methodology to find mathematically optimal schedules of light exposure and avoidance for rapidly re-entraining the human circadian system. In simulations, our schedules are found to significantly outperform other recently proposed schedules. Moreover, our schedules appear to be significantly more robust to both noise in light and to inter-individual variations in endogenous circadian period than other proposed schedules. By comparing the optimal schedules for thousands of different situations, and by using general mathematical arguments, we are also able to translate our findings into general principles of optimal circadian re-entrainment. These principles include: 1) a class of schedules where circadian amplitude is only slightly perturbed, optimal for dim light and for small shifts 2) another class of schedules where shifting occurs along the shortest path in phase-space, optimal for bright light and for large shifts 3) the determination that short light pulses are less effective than sustained light if the goal is to re-entrain quickly, and 4) the determination that length of daytime should be significantly shorter when delaying the clock than when advancing it.
ECONOMIC FACTORS GOVERNING THE SPECIFICATION AND SELECTION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT FOR LARGE REVERSING DRIVES IN ROLLING MILLS (1973)

This paper deals with the application of thyristor convertors and d.c. motors to large reversing drives for rolling mills. In the case of the motors such factors as voltage, thermal utilization of the insulation class, overload capability, load requirements and their effect on motor costs, moment of inertia, torque amplification and ventilation must be taken into account. Factors governing the dimensioning of thyristor convertors and their protection are discussed with regard to the reliability. Thyristor convertors generate harmonics and consume reactive power. The use of 12-pulse convertors to reduce harmonics and thyristor-controlled capacitor banks to improve the power factor are discussed. A comparison is made of double convertors using a blocking system and those having a circulating current system.
Perspectives on: Strategies to Fabricate Starch-based Hydrogels with Potential Biomedical Applications (2005)

In this review, some strategies to fabricate starch-based hydrogels are summarized and presented. Hydrophilic hydrogels based on native starch, pure starch components and their derivatives are important due to their swellability in water, biocompatibility and biodegradability. For the preparation of chemically cross-linked starch-based hydrogels, one-step and two-step synthesis by free radical polymerization, cross-linking by chemical reaction of complementary groups and radiation-induced polymerization with the help of gamma or electron beams, are used. For the preparation of physically cross-linked starch-based hydrogels, a novel self-assembly method was used. Some advantages and disadvantages of these synthesis approaches are briefly discussed.
HNNP - A Hybrid Neural Network Plait for Improving Image Classification with Additional Side Information (2013)

Most of the artificial intelligence and machine learning researches deal with big data today. However, there are still a lot of real world problems for which only small and noisy data sets exist. Hence, in this paper we focus on those small data sets of noisy images. Applying learning models to such data may not lead to the best possible results because of few and noisy training examples. We propose a hybrid neural network plait for improving the classification performance of state-of-the-art learning models applied to the images of such data sets. The improvement is reached by (1) using additionally to the images different further side information delivering different feature sets and requiring different learning models, (2) retraining all different learning models interactively within one common structure. The proposed hybrid neural network plait architecture reached in the experiments with 2 different data sets on average a classification performance improvement of 40% and 52% compared to a single convolutional neural network and 13% and 17% compared to a stacking ensemble method.
Altered Myocardial Thin-Filament Function in the Failing Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rat Heart (2003)

The thin filament is a key modulator of contractile performance in the transition to failure in the Dahl salt-sensitive rat model. The alteration in thin-filament function may be mediated by an endothelin-triggered pathway potentially affecting protein kinase C signaling.
Optimization of the conditions of the fermentation of beet molasses to lactic acid by <i>Lactobacillus delbrueckii</i> (1994)

Abstract Optimization studies were carried out for the production of L ‐lactic acid from the fermentation of beet molasses by Lactobacillus delbrueckii . A Central Composite Design was used to determine the optimum values of the process variables (temperature, pH, inoculum concentration, and initial sucrose concentration) for obtaining the maximum yield and the maximum volumetric productivity of lactic acid. Among the variables selected for study, it was found that all of them apart from the temperature significantly affected the responses (yield and volumetric productivity of lactic acid). The Central Composite Design also permitted formulating two second‐order polynomial empirical models relating to the responses and the significant variables. From these models it was possible to determine the value of the variables giving the maximum yield of lactic acid production (87.8%) and the maximum volumetric rate of lactic acid biosynthesis (2.7 g/l · h). Finally, the dependence of the lactic acid yield and productivity on the model variables was investigated. All conclusions are restricted to the experimental range studied.
Spent brewer's yeast extracts as a new component of functional food (2016)

The use of yeast extracts as a natural and valuable additive ingredient intended for the production of functional food and dietary supplements were demonstrated. The chemical composition, amino acid analysis, determination of protein molecular weights, antioxidant properties, and sensory evaluation were carried out for two yeast extracts. It was found that the tested extracts are characterised by high essential amino acid content, exceeding the levels of reference protein developed by the FAO/WHO, and high antioxidant activity. Sensory characteristics of tested extracts may favourably influence the quality of the proposed functional foods and dietary supplements. The obtained results indicate that the tested extracts can be utilised as a source of free amino acids and peptides in the design of functional foods and dietary supplements.
Spatially Scalable Video Coding for HEVC (2012)

Spatially scalable video coding (SSVC in short) provides an efficient way to deliver one video at different resolutions. Based on the development of emerging High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), we propose a SSVC scheme to provide both single-loop and multi-loop solutions by enabling different inter-layer prediction mechanisms. Specifically, there are three basic inter-layer prediction modes, inter-layer intra, motion and residual prediction, which are first investigated for enhancement layer coding. These three modes provide a basic single-loop SSVC solution for low complexity applications. Beside the correlations explored in single-loop solution, we employ an extra patch learning-based prediction mode named P-mode to further improve coding performance. In P-mode, the temporal and spatial correlations of the reference frames are explored simultaneously by the visual patch-based learning and mapping at pixel level. These correlations help enhance the accuracy of the inter-layer frame prediction from the base-layer reconstruction within a multi-loop structure. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed SSVC scheme compared with simulcast case.
GENETIC CODE REDUNDANCY AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE ENCODED POLYPEPTIDES (2012)

The genetic code is said to be redundant in that the same amino acid residue can be encoded by multiple, so-called synonymous, codons. If all properties of synonymous codons were entirely equivalent, one would expect that they would be equally distributed along protein coding sequences. However, many studies over the last three decades have demonstrated that their distribution is not entirely random. It has been postulated that certain codons may be translated by the ribosome faster than others and thus their non-random distribution dictates how fast the ribosome moves along particular segments of the mRNA. The reasons behind such segmental variability in the rates of protein synthesis, and thus polypeptide emergence from the ribosome, have been explored by theoretical and experimental approaches. Predictions of the relative rates at which particular codons are translated and their impact on the nascent chain have not arrived at unequivocal conclusions. This is probably due, at least in part, to variation in the basis for classification of codons as "fast" or "slow", as well as variability in the number and types of genes and proteins analyzed. Recent methodological advances have allowed nucleotide-resolution studies of ribosome residency times in entire transcriptomes, which confirm the non-uniform movement of ribosomes along mRNAs and shed light on the actual determinants of rate control. Moreover, experiments have begun to emerge that systematically examine the influence of variations in ribosomal movement and the fate of the emerging polypeptide chain.