gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Online and Batch Learning of Generalized Cosine Similarities (2009)

In this paper, we define an online algorithm to learn the generalized cosine similarity measures for <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</i> -NN classification and hence a similarity matrix A corresponding to a bilinear form. In contrary to the standard cosine measure, the normalization is itself dependent on the similarity matrix which makes it impossible to use directly the algorithms developed for learning Mahanalobis distances, based on positive, semi-definite (PSD) matrices. We follow the approach where we first find an appropriate matrix and then project it onto the cone of PSD matrices, which we have adapted to the particular form of generalized cosine similarities, and more particularly to the fact that such measures are normalized. The resulting online algorithm as well as its batch version is fast and has got better accuracy as compared with state-of-the-art methods on standard data sets.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON SORDIDON UND THIOPHANSAEURE, ZWEI CHLORENTHALTENDEN METABOLITEN AUS FLECHTEN (1971)

Abstract Das nach bekannter Methode aus dem Acetophenon (I) dargestellte Gemisch isomerer Diacetate wird der direkten Hydrolyse mit wäßrigem Na‐carbonat unterworfen.
Adaptation of spectral constraints to electronically halftoned pictures (1993)

An iterative halftoning algorithm that involves Fourier transforms permits the realization of control of the binary image in the spectral domain. An approach is presented for adapting the spectral constraints to the characteristics of the graytone image and to the characteristics expected from the binary image. We propose oversampling of the spectrum to take into account the continuous spectrum of the final image.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 3‐(IMIDAZO(1,2‐A)BENZIMIDAZOL‐3‐YL)PROPIONIC ACIDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES (1983)

Abstract Die 2,9‐disubstituierten Imidazobenzimidazole (I) und (IV) reagieren mit Acrylsäure und ihren Derivaten (II) unter Addition zu Propionsäurederivaten (III).
Structural matching in computer vision using probabilistic relaxation (1995)

In this paper, we develop the theory of probabilistic relaxation for matching features extracted from 2D images, derive as limiting cases the various heuristic formulae used by researchers in matching problems, and state the conditions under which they apply, We successfully apply our theory to the problem of matching and recognizing aerial road network images based on road network models and to the problem of edge matching in a stereo pair. For this purpose, each line network is represented by an attributed relational graph where each node is a straight line segment characterized by certain attributes and related with every other node via a set of binary relations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The effect of interface states on CuInSe2 solar cells (1996)

We have developed and used a recombination based model to guide our efforts to develop improved processing approaches for CuInSe2 solar cells. The model predicted an increase in Voc for our best devices from 400+mV to greater than 500 mV if we could reduce interface state recombination. Through the use of selective etching we have achieved 536 mV as predicted. However, there is a unexpected loss in Jsc that is limiting performance. To explain this behavior we propose a modification to the model which includes the onset of a current limiting barrier region at the junction interface. The implications to process modifications and further advancements in performance are discussed.
P4M-3 Experimental Characterization of Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (2007)

In this paper, capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers are fabricated using a sacrificial surface micro- machining process. A testing procedure has been established in order to measure the absolute transmit and receive sensitivity spectra of the fabricated devices. The experiments are performed in oil. Pulse-echo experiments are performed and the results are compared to the pitch-catch measurements using calibrated transducers.
Hydrolysis of long-chain alkyl phosphates and phosphatidic acid by an enzyme purified from pig brain (1962)

Particulate preparations of rat and pig tissues have been found to catalyze the hydrolysis of lipid phosphates including many alcohol dihydrogen phosphates as well as phosphatidic acids. A soluble extract possessing these enzymatic activities has been prepared from a dried acetone extract of pig brain, and its properties are described. Evidence presented suggests that the enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of the alcohol dihydrogen phosphates studied here is identical with phosphatidic acid phosphatase.
Reassortment and Mutation of the Avian Influenza Virus Polymerase PA Subunit Overcome Species Barriers (2011)

The emergence of new pandemic influenza A viruses requires overcoming barriers to cross-species transmission as viruses move from animal reservoirs into humans. This complicated process is driven by both individual gene mutations and genome reassortments. The viral polymerase complex, composed of the proteins PB1, PB2, and PA, is a major factor controlling host adaptation, and reassortment events involving polymerase gene segments occurred with past pandemic viruses. Here we investigate the ability of polymerase reassortment to restore the activity of an avian influenza virus polymerase that is normally impaired in human cells. Our data show that the substitution of human-origin PA subunits into an avian influenza virus polymerase alleviates restriction in human cells and increases polymerase activity in vitro. Reassortants with 2009 pandemic H1N1 PA proteins were the most active. Mutational analyses demonstrated that the majority of the enhancing activity in human PA results from a threonine-to-serine change at residue 552. Reassortant viruses with avian polymerases and human PA subunits, or simply the T552S mutation, displayed faster replication kinetics in culture and increased pathogenicity in mice compared to those containing a wholly avian polymerase complex. Thus, the acquisition of a human PA subunit, or the signature T552S mutation, is a potential mechanism to overcome the species-specific restriction of avian polymerases and increase virus replication. Our data suggest that the human, avian, swine, and 2009 H1N1-like viruses that are currently cocirculating in pig populations set the stage for PA reassortments with the potential to generate novel viruses that could possess expanded tropism and enhanced pathogenicity.
Color Display of Seismic Images (2017)

This chapter explores color models and useful color bars used for seismic image display. Three color models are commonly used in computer displays of seismic images and seismic attribute images. They are: the red, green, and blue (RGB) model; the cyan, magenta, and yellow (CMY), or sometimes known as the CMYK model (K stands for black); and, finally, the hue, saturation, intensity (HSI) model. Color bars can help the interpreter to intuitively remember which amplitudes represent high, low, zero, or intermediate values. Also, the chapter provides various ways to color displays of seismic amplitude and attribute images. This includes overlying, mixing, and blending different displays. A seismic overlay is used with some color displays comprising attributes represented with the original seismic image. Color displays, along with typical seismic displays, are important in seismic interpretation. The use of color bars with color maps reveals much more detail from seismic displays compared with gray-scaled, wiggle or variable-area displays.
Experimental Procedures in Test Evaluation (1933)

(1933). Experimental Procedures in Test Evaluation. The Journal of Experimental Education: Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 163-185.
Clinical and pathological spectrum of CD8‐positive cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas (2002)

CD8+ T-cell lymphomas presenting in the skin are rare. We describe the clinical and histological features of 18 patients with CD8+ cutaneous T-cell tumors, which have been divided into four groups. Seven patients had precedent long histories of rashes, which progressively spread in a presentation similar to that of CD4+ mycosis fungoides (MF). Three patients had long-standing localized plaques consistent with a pagetoid reticulosis (PR) pattern. Two patients presented with erythroderma and had peripheral blood involvement consistent with a Sezary syndrome (SS) pattern and had rapidly progressive clinical courses. Six patients presented with cutaneous nodules of varying sizes and had variable outcomes, with two having rapidly progressive disease, two with indolent recurrences and a further two with complete responses to treatment. Histologically, 12 of the 18 cases showed an epidermotropic tumor infiltrate that was most marked in the three PR cases. Prominent periadnexal infiltration was seen in 11 cases. Similar to CD4+ MF, the skin-homing antigen, (cutaneous lymphocyte antigen: CLA), was strongly expressed in 13 of 16 tested cases. Expression of the cytotoxic granule protein granzyme B was noted in a majority of tumor cells in only three of 16 tested cases. We conclude that approximately half of CD8+ cutaneous T-cell lymphomas clinically and histologically resemble CD4+ MF/SS, whereas presentation as discrete nodular lesions are more common in CD8+ tumors as compared to those that express CD4.
Simulation study of power quality compensation system using EDLC for distribution systems (2003)

Power quality problems such as voltage sags, voltage distortions, voltage interruptions and frequency or phase variations In distribution systems are serious concerns, especially for semiconductor manufacturing companies, paper mill companies and so on. We have been studying a power quality compensation (PQC) system using electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) for distribution systems, which compensates not only reactive powers but active powers for a short period to the systems. It has large capacitors on the DC side. There are two methods for the PQC system, a series connection type and a parallel connection type for loads. We compared them on needed capacities, the compensation ability and so on. Based on the comparison, we selected the parallel connection type for future development. A control system of the PQC system was developed to deliver power to the loads. Finally, detailed digital simulations of the PQC system were carried out and the behaviors were confirmed.
Molecular beam epitaxy of alloys and superlattices involving mercury (1985)

In this review we present a general survey regarding the MBE growth of Hg1−xCdxTe and HgTe–CdTe during the last three years. The quality of the films grown by MBE is now comparable with the best material grown by other techniques. We discuss the limitations of the MBE technique, i.e., the low mercury condensation coefficient at 200 °C where the best layers are grown, and the difficulties arising from the growth and the doping control. The poor crystal quality of bulk CdTe substrates is a limitation of any epitaxial layer grown by LPE, OMCVD, or MBE. Thus use of better substrates like (Cd,Zn)Te, Cd(Te,Se), InSb, GaAs, and sapphire could be a solution to this very important problem. We report here for the first time the successful growth by MBE of epitaxial Hg1−xCdxTe layers onto (Cd,Zn)Te, InSb, and GaAs substrates. We discuss the use of superlattices HgTe–CdTe for IR detection devices.
Poly(Aryline imides) as E‐beam resist: Sensitivity and resolution (1989)

Abstract Polyamic acids synthesized from di‐trifluoromethyl methane bis(phthalic anhydride) and 4,4'‐diaminophyenyl sulfone (F‐1) and 4,4'‐diaminophenyl ether (F‐4) were found to have excellent negative E‐beam resist properties. The best materials contain about 90 percent imidized structural units having sensitivities of 1.5 to 2.5 μC cm −2 and contrast of 1.0 to 1.3. Polyamic acid of pyromellitic dianhydride and 4,4'‐diaminophenyl sulfone (P‐1) imidized to 97 percent exhibits useful positive E‐beam resist properties. Radiation induces imidization and chain scission to alter the solubility of the resist polymers resulting in the formation of latent images.
Isolation of DNA from Plants (2003)

This chapter describes a DNA extraction method that can be used both on freeze-dried leaves and on fresh leaves, and is based on the method of Saghai-Maroof (1), modified by David Hoisington and Jack Gardiner at the University of Missouri at Columbia (personal communication). The scale of the extraction is dependent on the amount of starting material; 300–400 mg freeze-dried material requires 9 mL extraction buffer and should yield 250 μg to 1 mg DNA. Scaling the procedure down 10-fold results in a miniprep method that is very suitable for extracting small quantities (25–100 µg) of DNA from young, fresh leaves.
Effect of Combined Transient Androgen Deprivation and Irradiation Following Radical Prostatectomy for Prostatic Cancer (1999)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUrological Survey: Abstracts: Benign and Malignant Neoplasms of Prostate1 Jan 1999Effect of Combined Transient Androgen Deprivation and Irradiation Following Radical Prostatectomy for Prostatic Cancer S.M. Eulau, D.J. Tate, T.A. Stamey, M.A. Bagshaw, and S.L. Hancock S.M. EulauS.M. Eulau More articles by this author , D.J. TateD.J. Tate More articles by this author , T.A. StameyT.A. Stamey More articles by this author , M.A. BagshawM.A. Bagshaw More articles by this author , and S.L. HancockS.L. Hancock More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)62155-4AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Effect of Combined Transient Androgen Deprivation and Irradiation Following Radical Prostatectomy for Prostatic Cancer." The Journal of Urology, 161(1), pp. 356–357 References 1 : Long-term results of radiation therapy for prostate cancer recurrence following radical prostatectomy. J. Urol.1998; 159: 173. Link, Google Scholar Departments of Radiation Oncology and Urology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California© 1999 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 161 Issue 1 January 1999 Page: 356-357 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1999 by American Urological Association, Inc.Metrics Author Information S.M. Eulau More articles by this author D.J. Tate More articles by this author T.A. Stamey More articles by this author M.A. Bagshaw More articles by this author S.L. Hancock More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Host factors that contribute to recurrent staphylococcal skin infection (2015)

Recurrent S. aureus SSTIs are common, suggesting incomplete or absent protective immunity among these patients. Our understanding of protective immunity against recurrent infections is incomplete, and further basic and translational investigation is urgently needed to design strategies to prevent and treat these infections.
Administration of host‐derived probiotics does not affect utilization of soybean meal enriched diets in juvenile turbot (<i>Scophthalmus maximus</i>) (2019)

In today's aquaculture, the cost-intensive and scarce fishmeal is increasingly replaced by plant-based feedstuff such as soybean meal (SBM). However, SBM contains saponins which can have adverse effects on fish's digestive tract potentially culminating in severe enteritis. In a 60 day feeding trial we studied the use of autochthonous bacteria as probiotics upon SBM supplementation on juvenile turbot. Growth performance, feed conversion, body composition and health status were assessed for five different treatment groups, comprising a fishmeal control (FM ctrl), a SBM control without probiotics (SBM ctrl) and three multi-species probiotic treatments. For the production of the probiotic treatments a basal diet with a composition identical to the SBM ctrl including 40% SBM of total dry matter likewise was prepared. The basal diet was stepwise top coated with three different probiotic supplementations: (a) three distinct isolates with saponin-metabolizing ability (SBM + degrad); (b) three distinct isolates inhibitory towards the pathogen, Tenacibaculum maritimum (SBM + anta); and (c) a commercial probiotic application (SBM + com). Individual weight gain was highest in FM ctrl but only SBM + degrad diet showed a significantly lower value (p < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio was lowest in FM ctrl and significantly higher in SBM + degrad (p < 0.01). The protein retention efficiency did only differ significantly between FM ctrl and SBM + degrad (p < 0.05), whereas lipid retention efficiency remained unaffected. Whole body composition and gross energy content were similar in all treatments lacking significant differences. The condition factor was significantly elevated in SBM + degrad compared to FM ctrl (p < 0.05). Hematocrit was highest in FM ctrl and significantly lower in the other treatments (p < 0.01) with SBM + com accounting for the lowest value (p < 0.001). The hepatosomatic index was slightly increased in FM ctrl but no significant difference was detected. Regarding the spleen somatic index SBM + anta treatment revealed the highest and SBM ctrl a significantly lower value (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the growth performance of fish did not benefit from the different probiotic treatments, while body composition and gross energy content remained at an appropriate level. Moreover, the overall health status was on a sufficient level in all treatments which confirms the high dietary tolerability of our putative probiotic isolates by the fish.
A complex pattern of chemokine receptor expression is seen in osteosarcoma (2008)

Our data elucidate for the first time the cellular context of chemokine receptor expression in osteosarcoma. This is an important issue for better understanding potential chemokine/chemokine receptor function in the complex biologic processes that underlie the development and progression of osteosarcoma. Our data support the suggested involvement of chemokines and their receptors in diverse aspects of the biology of osteosarcoma, but also contradict aspects of previous reports describing the expression of these receptors in this tumor.
Glucocorticoid-dependent complementation of a hepatoma cell variant defective in viral glycoprotein sorting. (1988)

We have utilized the rat hepatoma (HTC) cell sorting variant CR4 to examine the glucocorticoid-regulated pathways that localize mouse mammary tumor virus glycoproteins to the cell surface. The defective sorting of cell surface mouse mammary tumor virus glycoproteins in CR4 cells was complemented after fusion with either normal rat hepatocytes or uninfected HTC cells. Indirect immunofluorescence of transient heterokaryons revealed that the regulated localization of mouse mammary tumor virus glycoproteins was dependent upon glucocorticoid treatment and required de novo RNA and protein synthesis. Thus, a glucocorticoid-regulated trafficking activity, unrelated to mouse mammary tumor virus sequences, which is induced in both adult rat liver and cultured hepatoma cells, can act in trans to mediate an intracellular sorting pathway for membrane glycoproteins.
[Comparative study of color Doppler echocardiography and arteriography in carotid disease]. (1995)

The increasing accuracy of duplex scanning and the morbidity linked to angiography have led some authors to discard the latter when exploring patients with severe carotid lesions. In order to fully define the respective information obtained by these two explorations and to determine their impact on therapeutic decisions, were examined the file of 122 patients. The comparative analysis of preoperative color duplex scanning and angiographic results, the latter used as a reference, showed a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 57%, concerning the ability to detect a significant carotid artery stenosis. On the other hand, color duplex scan and angiography had the same accuracy to screen the presence of an ulceration, but could only detect two third of the ulcerations observed on pathologic examination of 94 surgically-treated patients. At last, angiography was more reliable in detecting a carotid excess of length (p < 0.001), in the identification of internal carotid thrombosis and of dissection on dysplasic arteries. In conclusion, we propose a selective indication of angiography in case of suspicion of proximal periaortic arterial lesions, of complications on dysplastic arteries, of detection of pre-thrombotic carotid lesions and in order to confirm the existence of significant stenosis in asymptomatic patients.
MANIPULATION OF MICROPARTICLES AND BIOLOGICAL CELLS USING LIGHT-INDUCED MARANGONI FLOW (2013)

We report a novel technique for the manipulation of biological cells and microparticles using light-actuated Marangoni tweezers (LAMT). Yeast cells and microparticles were trapped at a light intensity of 10 3 -10 4 W/cm 2 which is much lower than that required for optical tweezers. Particle manipulation using LAMT offers several advantages such as low power requirements, a trapping force scaling with the particle diameter d (instead of d 3 as with conventional optical methods), and operation at vanishing refractive index contrast between the particle and the liquid.
Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells as Novel Feeder Layers for Promoting Ex Vivo Expansion of Limbal Epithelial Progenitor Cells (2007)

Human amniotic epithelial cells (HAECs) are a unique embryonic cell source that potentially can be used as feeder layers for expanding different types of stem cells. In vivo, HAECs uniformly expressed pan-cytokeratins (pan-CK) and heterogeneously expressed vimentin (Vim). The two phenotypes expressing either pan-CK(+)/Vim(+) or pan-CK(+)/Vim(-) were maintained in serum-free media with high calcium. In contrast, all HAECs became pan-CK(+)/Vim(+) in serum-containing media, which also promoted HAEC proliferation for at least eight passages, especially supplemented with epidermal growth factor and insulin. Mitomycin C-arrested HAEC feeder layers were more effective in promoting clonal growth of human limbal epithelial progenitors than conventional 3T3 murine feeder layers. Cells in HAEC-supported clones were uniformly smaller, sustained more proliferation, and expressed less CK12 and connexin 43 but higher levels of stem cell-associated markers such as p63, Musashi-1, and ATP-binding cassette subfamily G2 than those of 3T3-supported clones. Subculturing of clonally expanded limbal progenitors from HAEC feeder layers, but not from 3T3 feeder layers, gave rise to uniformly p63-positive epithelial progenitor cells as well as nestin-positive neuronal-like progenitors. Collectively, these results indicated that HAECs can be used as a human feeder layer equivalent for more effective ex vivo expansion of adult epithelial stem cells from the human limbus. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.