gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gene organization, transcription signals and processing of the single ribosomal RNA operon of the archaebacterium<i>Thermoproteus tenax</i> (1987)

The single ribosomal RNA (rRNA) operon from the extreme thermophile and archaebacterium Thermoproteus tenax was sequenced. Sites of transcriptional initiation and termination were established and the processing sites on the primary transcript were mapped with nuclease S1. The operon contained genes coding for 16S and 23S RNAs but lacked those coding for tRNA and 5S RNA. Transcription initiates 175 bp upstream from the start of the 16S RNA gene (Wich et al., EMBO J. 6, 523-528, 1987) and terminates 49 bp downstream from the 23S RNA gene within a long pyrimidine sequence. An open reading frame downstream from the rRNA operon is transcribed. The sequences bordering both 16S and 23S RNA genes can form putative processing stems in the primary transcript that involve the whole of the 16S-23S RNA spacer. The stems contain irregular features that constitute processing signals and are conserved in other archaebacteria. The 16S RNA stem is cut prior to that of the 23S RNA and RNA maturation follows. An unusual 14 bp helix can form between the extremities of the transcript such that the whole transcript is highly structured and a fork-like structure is formed together with the processing stems. The 23S RNA sequence was aligned with other available 23S-like RNA sequences (Leffers et al., J. Mol. Biol. 195, in press): a putative secondary structure exhibiting archaebacterial-specific features was deduced using comparative sequence analyses. A rooted phylogenetic tree was also derived for the archaebacteria that confirms their division into three major subgroups.
Empirical Analysis of Co‐Existence in Commodity Supply Chains (2012)

In this chapter, we analyse the organization of different supply chains and identify sensitive points and processes with respect to GMO and non-GMO admixture. We also study traceability measures. The analysis looks at seven commodity supply chains in countries both inside and outside the EU: soybean, maize, sugar beet, rapeseed, wheat, fresh tomato, and potatoes. The empirical analysis of coexistence was derived from supply chain analysis and stakeholder interviews. We briefly outline the methodology and clearly define segregation, identity preservation, and traceability. Strategies to cope with supply chain coexistence can be adapted from existing traceability and segregation systems in other domains. Therefore, we describe and compare several relevant case studies: Flint maize in Argentina, non-GM maize for starch production in France, and soybean production and use in chicken feed in Argentina and Brazil. We discuss different tools and prerequisites, strengths, and weaknesses of the alternate strategies that can be used to cope with coexistence. Furthermore, we highlight the differences between strategies adopted by the food and feed supply chains.
Population pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of tacrolimus in kidney transplant patients (2007)

The number of days postoperation and corticosteroid dose were significant covariates influencing tacrolimus clearance.
Agricultural forms of production organisation (1996)

The description of agricultural activities involves a number of different disciplines, so that the representation of an actual agricultural process results from the consideration of different dimensions. The most important among them are the following (see Kostrowicki, 1977; De Walt, 1985; Spedding, 1988):
Workshop Summary: Process Modelling and Empirical Studies of Software Evolution. (1997)

The aim of this paper is to consider whether the decision of the House of Lords in Bolitho v City and Hackney Health Authority [1997] 4 All.E.R. 771 has, in theory and practice, altered the English law on standard of care in clinical negligence cases to the benefit of claimants (patient/plaintiffs). The conclusion reached is that the current signs are very encouraging.
The renaissance of palladium(ii)-catalyzed oxidation chemistry (2004)

Palladium(II)-catalyzed oxidations constitute a paramount reaction class but have remained immature over the past few decades. Recently, this field has reappeared at the forefront of organometallic catalysis. This emerging area article outlines recent developments in palladium(II)-catalyzed oxidation chemistry with discussion of potential future growth.
3D browser for interactive television (2002)

Digital media convergence is creating a vast new parallel universe, the digital dimension, where the range of available services is growing exponentially. Different forms of media and communication are integrating into consumer devices. This means new challenges for information user interfaces, especially from the point of view of user experience. The sketch introduced here is a functional prototype, a proof-of-concept, of a new kind of graphical user interface for interactive television. It integrates different services for television, Internet, radio, personal communication and games under one user interface.
Late sodium current block for drug‐induced long QT syndrome: Results from a prospective clinical trial (2015)

Drug-induced long QT syndrome has resulted in many drugs being withdrawn from the market. At the same time, the current regulatory paradigm for screening new drugs causing long QT syndrome is preventing drugs from reaching the market, sometimes inappropriately. In this study, we report the results of a first-of-a-kind clinical trial studying late sodium (mexiletine and lidocaine) and calcium (diltiazem) current blocking drugs to counteract the effects of hERG potassium channel blocking drugs (dofetilide and moxifloxacin). We demonstrate that both mexiletine and lidocaine substantially reduce heart-rate corrected QT (QTc) prolongation from dofetilide by 20 ms. Furthermore, all QTc shortening occurs in the heart-rate corrected J-Tpeak (J-Tpeak c) interval, the biomarker we identified as a sign of late sodium current block. This clinical trial demonstrates that late sodium blocking drugs can substantially reduce QTc prolongation from hERG potassium channel block and assessment of J-Tpeak c may add value beyond only assessing QTc.
Elecsys CEA, PSA and AFP. Clinical results of a multicentre evaluation. (1998)

Three tumormarker assays, Elecsys CEA, PSA and AFP, have been evaluated in an international multicentre study to characterize their clinical performance and to verify the comparability with the corresponding tests of the Enzymun-Test product line and other methods. For each of the markers results were obtained from four laboratories. On the basis of 314 and 199 specimens respectively, (preliminary) reference ranges could be established for CEA and PSA. For the prostate marker, the age dependence of the antigen level could be clearly confirmed. Mean concentrations range between 0.51 ng/ml (< 40 years) and 3.57 ng/ml (> 70 years). Referring to CEA, 95th percentiles of 4.31 ng/ml and 2.69 ng/ml were elaborated for smokers and nonsmokers. In general, good to excellent correlations (r > 0.98) were found between the Elecsys and Enzymun-Tests. Regarding the systematic comparability of both systems, most of the slopes derived from the individual method comparison studies are within the +/- 10% range of the respective standardization results. The specific distribution pattern of the individual tumormarker values elaborated with sample material of known clinical background, reflects the well established categorization of different benign and malignant diseases according to their characteristic marker levels. Of utmost importance, however, is the excellent comparability of the Elecsys assays with the corresponding Enzymun-Tests and the FDA approved AIA 1200 tests from TOSOH in follow-up studies. Almost superimposable concentration curves guarantee that identical diagnostic information is derived from all three methods. Especially for PSA, a series of measurements on sera of prostatectomized patients proved the usability and clinical value of the test also for this particular indication. For either one of the Elecsys tests, the feasibility of using plasma as sample material was verified.
Sample-to-Sample Variability of Floating Gate Errors Due to Total Ionizing Dose (2015)

We studied sample-to-sample variability in the number of floating-gate errors induced by total-dose in nand Flash memories at doses and in conditions where degradation of the peripheral circuitry is negligible. Experimental data are fitted with statistical methods, using several probability distribution functions commonly used in reliability studies. The lognormal and Birnbaum-Saunders functions provide the best fit to our dataset. The accuracy of using a reduced number of samples for estimating the parameters of these two distributions is evaluated, showing that the lognormal is a more robust choice. Finally, a physical model for sample-to-sample variability of floating-gate errors is presented, which leads to a nonstandard probability distribution, amenable to neither the lognormal nor the Birnbaum-Saunders, but still involving a Gaussian function.
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored mucin-like glycoproteins isolated from Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes induce in vivo leukocyte recruitment dependent on MCP-1 production by IFN-gamma-primed-macrophages. (2002)

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored mucin-like glycoproteins from Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes (tGPI-mucins) activate macrophages in vitro to produce proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and nitric oxide. These effects of tGPI-mucins may be important in the ensuing immune response to T. cruzi. Here, we have sought evidence for a role of tGPI-mucins in mediating leukocyte recruitment in vivo. tGPI-mucins are highly effective in promoting cell recruitment in the pleural cavity of mice primed with IFN-gamma-inducing agents but not in naïve mice. Maximal recruitment was observed at a dose between 250 and 1250 ng tGPI-mucins. There was a significant elevation in the levels of MCP-1 in the pleural cavity of primed animals injected with tGPI-mucins, and in vivo neutralization of MCP-1 abolished leukocyte recruitment. Pretreatment with anti-MIP-1alpha or anti-RANTES had no effect on the recruitment induced by tGPI-mucins. MCP-1 immunoreactivity was detected in pleural macrophages, and macrophages produced MCP-1 in vitro, especially after priming with IFN-gamma. Finally, tGPI-mucins induced significant leukocyte recruitment in primed C3H/HeJ but not in TLR2-deficient mice. Together, our results suggest that T. cruzi-derived GPI-mucins in conjunction with IFN-gamma may drive tissue chemokine production and inflammation and bear a significant role in the pathogenesis of Chagas disease.
Potent, Selective, Allosteric Inhibition of Human Plasmin by Sulfated Non-Saccharide Glycosaminoglycan Mimetics (2016)

Although plasmin inhibitors could be used in multiple disorders, their use has been restricted to preventing blood loss in hemostatic dysregulation because of poor efficacy and adverse effects of current agents. We reasoned that a new class of direct inhibitors that offer better efficacy, selectivity, and safety could be discovered by exploiting allosterism in plasmin, a protease homologous to other allosteric serine proteases. We report on the synthesis, biological activity, and mechanism of action of a group of small molecules, called non-saccharide glycosaminoglycan mimetics (NSGMs), as direct allosteric plasmin inhibitors. Our results show that distinct NSGMs selectively inhibit human full-length plasmin. The molecule inhibited clot lysis, alluding to its promise as an allosteric regulator of plasmin. We show that direct allosteric inhibition of plasmin could led to new antifibrinolytic agent(s) that may exhibit better efficacy, potency, selectivity, and safety in comparison to current therapy.
Outracing Lung Signal Decay – Potential of Ultrashort Echo Time MRI (2018)

· Wielpütz MO, Triphan SM, Ohno Y et al. Outracing Lung Signal Decay - Potential of Ultrashort Echo Time MRI. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2019; 191: 415 - 423.
Large elastic strain and elastocaloric effect caused by lattice softening in an iron-palladium alloy (2016)

A Fe-31.2Pd (at.%) alloy exhibits a weak first-order martensitic transformation from a cubic structure to a tetragonal structure near 230 K. This transformation is associated with significant softening of elastic constant C'. Because of the softening, the alloy shows a large elastic strain of more than 6% in the [001] direction. In addition, the alloy has a critical point and shows a high elastocaloric effect in a wide temperature range for both the parent and the martensite phases.This article is part of the themed issue 'Taking the temperature of phase transitions in cool materials'.
Ash in Organic Compounds (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsh in Organic CompoundsA. R. Norton, G. L. Royer, and R. KoegelCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1940, 12, 2, 121–123Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50142a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50142a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views37Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A case of corneal cystinosis in a patient with rickets and chronic renal failure (2015)

A 22-year-old man diagnosed with nephropathic cystinosis at the age of 4 years was found to have progressive bilateral corneal crystal deposition. He presented with severe photophobia and decreased visual acuity. Ocular cystinosis was diagnosed on observing the typical crystals. Optical coherence tomography showed multiple areas of stromal hyperreflectivity due to crystal deposits within the corneal stroma. Ex vivo transmission electron microscopy of the cornea showed pathognomonic crystal deposits in corneal stromal keratocytes. Using polymerase chain reaction sequencing of the entire coding region, we identified five gene mutations, including two unreported mutations.
P2‐130: Increased expression of sodium‐calcium exchanger 3 (NCX3) in amyloid‐beta positive synaptosomes (2009)

Evidence suggests that disruption of neuronal calcium homeostasis, may play an early and perhaps central role in age-related cognitive impairment. Several studies using Alzheimer's disease (AD) models demonstrated that elevated intracellular calcium levels are functionally associated with amyloid-beta oligomerization and tau phosphorylation. Yet, it is still unknown how mechanisms of intracellular calcium extrusion are regulated in AD pathology. The sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) is a synaptic antiporter that plays a crucial role in ionic regulation by exchanging three extracellular sodium ions for one intracellular calcium ion. NCX3, the third NCX variant, is the major isoform involved in intracellular calcium elevation and neuronal demise in neurons undergoing excitotoxicity. Recent data showed that NCX3 is a target for the prosurvival action of the Akt pathway. The goal of this study is to explore NCX3 expression in AD nerve terminals. Flow cytometry analyses were used to examine NCX3 regulation in AD pathology. Synaptosomes prepared from post-mortem human AD cortex and from 20 month old Tg2576 murine cortex were double-labeled with NCX3 and amyloid-beta (10G4) antibodies. Our results suggest a trend of NCX3 down-regulation in human AD synaptosomes (23.84 ± 1.49% NCX3 positive, N = 9) relative to normals (28.70 ± 1.90 % NCX3 positive, N = 4, p = 0.087). However, analysis focusing on synaptosomes positive for amyloid-beta demonstrates NCX3 up-regulation (21.28 ± 0.77% NCX3 positive, N = 3, p < 0.001) compared to synaptosomes lacking amyloid-beta (7.24 ± 0.42 % NCX3 positive). These data indicate the presence of different pools of synaptosomes expressing NCX3 in AD cortex. Preliminary data from APP transgenic synaptosomes (Tg2576) show a similar increase of NCX3 levels in amyloid-beta positive synpatosomes (47.68% NCX3 positive) compared to negative ones (12.04% NCX3 positive). We hypothesized that NCX3 expression is up-regulated following the activation of Akt pathway in AD synaptosomes. Recent double-labeling of human synaptosomes with p-Akt and amyloid-beta correlates with the double-labeling with NCX3 and amyloid-beta (r=0.807). Our data support a relationship between NCX3, amyloid-beta and p-Akt in Alzheimer's synaptosomes and suggest a role for NCX3 in calcium signaling and neuronal survival in AD.
Partial Purification and Characterization of a Ca<sup>2+</sup>-Dependent Protein Kinase from Pea Nuclei (1991)

Almost all the Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinase activity in nuclei purified from etiolated pea (Pisum sativum, L.) plumules is present in a single enzyme that can be extracted from chromatin by 0.3 molar NaCl. This protein kinase can be further purified 80,000-fold by salt fractionation and high performance liquid chromatography, after which it has a high specific activity of about 100 picomoles per minute per microgram in the presence of Ca2+ and reaches half-maximal activation at about 3 x 10(-7) molar free Ca2+, without calmodulin. It is a monomer with a molecular weight near 90,000. It can efficiently use histone III-S, ribosomal S6 protein, and casein as artificial substrates, but it phosphorylates phosvitin only weakly. Its Ca(2+)-dependent kinase activity is half-maximally inhibited by 0.1 millimolar chlorpromazine, by 35 nanomolar K-252a and by 7 nanomolar staurosporine. It is insensitive to sphingosine, an inhibitor of protein kinase C, and to basic polypeptides that block other Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinases. It is not stimulated by exogenous phospholipids or fatty acids. In intact isolated pea nuclei it preferentially phosphorylates several chromatin-associated proteins, with the most phosphorylated protein band being near the same molecular weight (43,000) as a nuclear protein substrate whose phosphorylation has been reported to be stimulated by phytochrome in a calcium-dependent fashion.
New NO‐Donors with Antithrombotic and Vasodilating Activities, I: 3‐Arylalkyl‐<i>N</i>‐nitroso‐5‐sydnone Imines (1993)

Fifteen 3-alkyl-, four 3-cycloalkyl-N-nitroso-5-sydnone imines and five 3-alkyl-N-nitro-5-sydnone imines were synthesized and their ability to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by collagen (Born-test) was studied in vitro. Dependent on the chemical structure, the IC50-values for the inhibition of platelet aggregation were in the range of 0.2-140 mumol/L. It is suggested that this scale reflects different binding properties of the nitrosimines with respect to the platelet membrane. Highest activities were observed for the 3-hexyl (2f) and the 3-cyclohexyl (2p) derivative. Three nitrimines (3e, 3f, 3i) also showed IC50 values below 10 mumol/L. For the nitrosimines 2a, 2f, and 2m antithrombotic activity was demonstrated in vivo. They inhibited laser induced arterial thrombosis in anesthetized rats up to 70% two h after oral administration. In conscious renal-hypertensive dogs, the decrease in systolic blood pressure and left ventricular enddiastolic pressure suggests an antianginal activity of the compound 2a similar to that of molsidomine (M). The smoother onset and the longer duration of action of the new compound as compared to M could be a significant advantage of 2a in the therapy of angina pectoris.
Isolation and Characterization of a Catabolite Repression-Insensitive Mutant of a Methanol Yeast, <i>Candida boidinii</i> A5, Producing Alcohol Oxidase in Glucose-Containing Medium (1987)

Mutants exhibiting alcohol oxidase (EC 1.1.3.13) activity when grown on glucose in the presence of methanol were found among 2-deoxyglucose-resistant mutants derived from a methanol yeast, Candida boidinii A5. One of these mutants, strain ADU-15, showed the highest alcohol oxidase activity in glucose-containing medium. The growth characteristics and also the induction and degradation of alcohol oxidase were compared with the parent strain and mutant strain ADU-15. In the parent strain, initiation of alcohol oxidase synthesis was delayed by the addition of 0.5% glucose to the methanol medium, whereas it was not delayed in mutant strain ADU-15. This showed that alcohol oxidase underwent repression by glucose. On the other hand, degradation of alcohol oxidase after transfer of the cells from methanol to glucose medium (catabolite inactivation) was observed to proceed at similar rates in parent and mutant strains. The results of immunochemical titration experiments suggest that catabolite inactivation of alcohol oxidase is coupled with a quantitative change in the enzyme. Mutant strain ADU-15 was proved to be a catabolite repression-insensitive mutant and to produce alcohol oxidase in the presence of glucose. However, it was not an overproducer of alcohol oxidase and, in both the parent and mutant strains, alcohol oxidase was completely repressed by ethanol.
Catalyst Regeneration in Light Naphtha Aromatization(LNA) Process. (1996)

There are several light naphtha aromatization processes which are being attempted for commercial development; however, none have so far been successful. We have been engaging in the development of Light Naphtha Aromatization (LNA) Process which employs zinc aluminosilicate catalyst.In this paper catalyst regeneration in fixed bed LNA process has been studied. The long-cycle-time stability of the LNA catalyst is well suited for service in semi-regenerative operation using conventional fixed bed reactors. Attention, however, is required in regenerative operation to avoid catalyst degradation due to coke-burning because zeolite structure may collapse due to severe hydrothermal atmosphere at higher temperatures.The temperature profile, which is critical in maintaining catalyst structure and activity, in the catalyst bed at the time of regeneration was estimated theoretically. Furthermore, a semi-commercial plant was designed to maintain the above temperature profile. In doing so, an insulator of 25cm thickness, which has conductivity of 0.06kcal/(mh°C), was installed for the 1.79m-diameter reactors so that the maximum temperature difference through the radial direction might be lower than 45°C.During the operation of a semi-commercial scale reactor, the result of test run coincided with the estimated temperature difference. Furthermore, it showed no catalyst deactivation by regeneration.