gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reductive debromination of some purine and purine-like nucleosides (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReductive debromination of some purine and purine-like nucleosidesFung-Lung Chung, Robert A. Earl, and Leroy B. TownsendCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 20, 4056–4057Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01308a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01308a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views151Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Second Order Coherence of Parametric Light Determined by Two Photon Absorption in a Semiconductor (2010)

International audience
Very high energy calibration of silicon Timepix detectors (2018)

: We investigate energy measurements in Timepix hybrid detectors in hole collection mode above pixel input energy depositions of about 2.2 MeV or 600,000 electron/hole pairs in Silicon. Measurement of the detector response well above this regime is important for our application measuring the heavy ion exposure of NASA astronauts. We find that high input charges produce a double pulse structure in the Timepix front end which creates a taxonomy of different clusters which are observed at accelerators, but not in typical operation on orbit. We investigate the LET response of the Timepix to different heavy ion species and find that for a given polar angle the so called 'volcano effect' can be compensated with a simple power law model. We also characterize the pixel response of the Timepix using mono-energetic stopping protons and derive a per pixel calibration method for correction of the pixel response up to about 8 MeV. We conclude that with an appropriate calibration procedure the Timepix can correctly measure the LET values in excess of 500 keV m -1 in Silicon for tracks with a polar angle exceeding 60, corresponding to the entirety of the cosmic ray spectrum up to Nickel.
Keratoconus After Penetrating Keratoplasty (1990)

Signs of keratoconus, including Munson's sign, apical thinning, and Vogt's striae, developed in a 41-year-old woman 6 years after successful penetrating keratoplasty. Screening donor corneas for ectatic diseases may prevent such occurrences.
Power systems voltage emergency control approach using trajectory sensitivities (2004)

Very stressed power systems often lack ability to withstand certain disturbances, what might result in serious consequences. Therefore, the tools mitigating such a situation have a crucial significance. This paper presents a method for real-time stability assessment and emergency control of power systems based on the trajectory sensitivities. Out of the present conditions a nominal trajectory and its sensitivities is precalculated. If an incipient instability is detected, necessary stabilizing control measures are determined. A short review of trajectory sensitivities is included. A principal description of the method together with a theoretical foundation and examples with simulation results is provided.
Laser Metrology for an Optical-Path-Length Modulator (2005)

Laser gauges have been developed to satisfy requirements specific to monitoring the amplitude of the motion of an optical-path-length modulator that is part of an astronomical interferometer. The modulator includes a corner-cube retroreflector driven by an electromagnetic actuator. During operation of the astronomical interferometer, the electromagnet is excited to produce linear reciprocating motion of the corner-cube retroreflector at an amplitude of 2 to 4 mm at a frequency of 250, 750, or 1,250 Hz. Attached to the corner-cube retroreflector is a small pick-off mirror. To suppress vibrations, a counterweight having a mass equal to that of the corner-cube retroreflector and pick-off mirror is mounted on another electromagnetic actuator that is excited in opposite phase. Each gauge is required to measure the amplitude of the motion of the pick-off mirror, assuming that the motions of the pick-off mirror and the corner-cube retroreflector are identical, so as to measure the amplitude of motion of the corner- cube retroreflector to within an error of the order of picometers at each excitation frequency. Each gauge is a polarization-insensitive heterodyne interferometer that includes matched collimators, beam separators, and photodiodes (see figure). The light needed for operation of the gauge comprises two pairs of laser beams, the beams in each pair being separated by a beat frequency of 80 kHz. The laser beams are generated by an apparatus, denoted the heterodyne plate, that includes stabilized helium-neon lasers, acousto-optical modulators, and associated optical and electronic subsystems. The laser beams are coupled from the heterodyne plate to the collimators via optical fibers.
ChemInform Abstract: EINE NEUE PHOSPHORVERBINDUNG DURCH SELBSTKONDENSATION VON PHOSPHORSAEURE‐TRIS‐(DIMETHYLAMID) (1972)

Abstract Die Umsetzung von Phosphorsäure‐tris‐(dimethylamid) (I) mit Methyljodid (II) ergibt Tetramethylammoniumjodid (III) und das Phosphoniumjodid (IVa), das in das stabilere Tetraphenylborat (IVb) übergeführt wird.
Effect of galanin and galanin antagonists on peristalsis in esophageal smooth muscle in the opossum (2000)

Galanin, a neuropeptide that is widely distributed in the esophageal nerves, is known to exert a neuromodulatory action in the gut. These studies examined the effect of galanin and galanin antagonists on esophageal peristalsis in anesthetized opossums in vivo. Intraluminal esophageal pressures were recorded at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter. Esophageal peristaltic contractions were induced by swallow and short- (1-s) and long-train (10-s) vagal stimulation (VS). Galanin (1 nmol/kg) inhibited the amplitude of swallow-induced peristaltic contractions and increased peristaltic velocity by enlarging the latency periods in the upper part of the esophagus and reducing them in the lower part. Galinin nearly abolished esophageal contractions caused by short-train VS at 5 Hz and inhibited the contractions at 10 Hz. Galanin increased latency periods induced by short-train VS with little change in the velocity of peristalsis and reduced the amplitude of both A (cholinergic) and B (noncholinergic) contractions due to long-train VS. However, the decrease in amplitude of B contractions was more marked. Galantide (3 nmol/kg) antagonized the inhibitory action of exogenous galanin on esophageal contractions elicited by short-train VS, but by itself galantide had no significant effect on esophageal contractions. In conclusion, exogenous galanin inhibits the amplitude of swallow-induced peristaltic contractions and converts them into nonperistaltic contractions by inhibiting both the cholinergic and noncholinergic components.
A mild One-Step Procedure for the Synthesis of β-Iodo Epoxides from the Corresponding Epoxy-Alcohols (1990)

Abstract The zinc salt-modified Mitsunobu halogenation was applied to the direct transformation of diverse epoxy-alcohols into the corresponding iodomethyloxiranes.
[Parvovirus enteritis and myocarditis in a confined colony of beagles. (The 1st detection of parvovirus infection in Czechoslovakia]. (1982)

A description of the findings in a parvoviral epizooty, having occurred in a confined colony of 250 Beagle dogs in the autum and winter 1979-1980 and in 1981, is presented. 5 of the four month-old and older dogs perished in the course of an enteritic form of infection; 5 puppies, younger than 3 months, belonging to a group of 12 puppies derived from two infected litters, died in consequence of a parvoviral myocarditis. The simultaneous occurrence of myocarditis and enteritis was observed in a 9 day-old puppy. Among the seven remaining animals, two dogs were sacrificed at the ages of 18 and 23 months, respectively. Scars were found in the wall of the left ventricle of both of them. Parvoviral enteritis preceded the occurrence of parvoviral myocarditis. Characteristic intramuscular inclusions were demonstrated both in the enterocytes and in the myocardial cells. Electronmicroscopically particles of the size of the parvoviruses could be demonstrated in the nuclei of the myocardial cells, on one hand, and regressive changes of the nuclear components observed on the other hand.
A multiphase <scp>DMOC</scp>‐based trajectory optimization method (2017)

Summary Discrete mechanics and optimal control (DMOC) is a methodology that takes advantage of variational structure to solve certain optimal control problems for mechanical systems. This paper proposes to combine a multiphase strategy with the original DMOC method, resulting in a new multiphase DMOC (MDMOC) method and making optimal trajectory generation more efficient. The advantages of the proposed method are demonstrated mathematically, and in addition, a quadrotor, unmanned aerial vehicle, simulation example is presented to show its superiority over the DMOC method. Furthermore, to show its potential application, an arbitrarily chosen controller was used to track the desired trajectory generated by MDMOC. This new MDMOC methodology can also be applied to other mechanical systems such as mobile robots and underwater gliders.
Nerve transfers in the upper extremity following cervical spinal cord injury. Part 1: Systematic review of the literature (2019)

Motor nerve transfers are a promising treatment option to restore upper-extremity function after SCI. Flexor reinnervation strategies show variable treatment effect sizes; however, extensor reinnervation may provide more consistent, meaningful recovery. Despite numerous published case reports describing good patient outcomes with nerve transfers, there remains a paucity in the literature regarding optimal timing and long-term clinical outcomes with these procedures.
Role of Intimin-Tir Interactions and the Tir-Cytoskeleton Coupling Protein in the Colonization of Calves and Lambs by <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 (2005)

Intimin facilitates intestinal colonization by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7; however, the importance of intimin binding to its translocated receptor (Tir) as opposed to cellular coreceptors is unknown. The intimin-Tir interaction is needed for optimal actin assembly under adherent bacteria in vitro, a process which requires the Tir-cytoskeleton coupling protein (TccP/EspF(U)) in E. coli O157:H7. Here we report that E. coli O157:H7 tir mutants are at least as attenuated as isogenic eae mutants in calves and lambs, implying that the role of intimin in the colonization of reservoir hosts can be explained largely by its binding to Tir. Mutation of tccP uncoupled actin assembly from the intimin-Tir-mediated adherence of E. coli O157:H7 in vitro but did not impair intestinal colonization in calves and lambs, implying that pedestal formation may not be necessary for persistence. However, an E. coli O157:H7 tccP mutant induced typical attaching and effacing lesions in a bovine ligated ileal loop model of infection, suggesting that TccP-independent mechanisms of actin assembly may operate in vivo.
Investigations on the Operations of the Circular Concentrator for Cleaning Fine Coal (1962)

SR-30 Concurrent with the depletion of good quality raw coal there has been a steady increase in the percentage of mechanically cleaned coal, Also, concurrent with mechanized mining methods, there has been an increase in the amount of impurities and percentage of fines in the raw coal. These factors have brought about increased emphasis in efficient low-cost fine-coal cleaning methods.
Correction - Backmixing and Liquid Holdup in a Gas-Liquid Cocurrent Upflow Packed Column (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleCorrection - Backmixing and Liquid Holdup in a Gas-Liquid Cocurrent Upflow Packed ColumnG. Stiegel and Y. ShahCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1977, 16, 2, 262Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1977Publication History Published online18 September 2003Published inissue 1 April 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i260062a605https://doi.org/10.1021/i260062a605research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views21Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Fast Image Identification Methods for JPEG Images with Different Compression Ratios (2006)

Two schemes for fast identification of JPEG coded images are proposed in this paper. The aim is to identify the JPEG images that are generated from the same original image and have equivalent or different compression ratios. Fast identification can be achieved since the schemes work on the quantized Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) domain. It is not required to inverse the quantization and the DCT. Moreover, only a few coefficients are commonly required for identification. The first approach can avoid identification leakage or false negative (FN), and probably result in a few false positives (FP). The second approach can avoid both FN and FP, with a slightly higher processing time. By combining the two schemes, a faster and a more perfect identification can be achieved, in which FN and FP can be avoided.
Graph-Based Seed Set Expansion for Relation Extraction Using Random Walk Hitting Times (2013)

Iterative bootstrapping methods are widely employed for relation extraction, especially because they require only a small amount of human supervision. Unfortunately, a phenomenon known as semantic drift can affect the accuracy of iterative bootstrapping and lead to poor extractions. This paper proposes an alternative bootstrapping method, which ranks relation tuples by measuring their distance to the seed tuples in a bipartite tuple-pattern graph. In contrast to previous bootstrapping methods, our method is not susceptible to semantic drift, and it empirically results in better extractions than iterative methods. 1
Nitrosative Injury and Antioxidant Therapy in the Management of Diabetic Neuropathy (2004)

Strong evidence implicates oxidative stress as a mediator of diabetes-induced microvascular complications, including distal symmetric polyneuropathy. Dorsal root ganglia neurons are particularly susceptible to glucose-mediated oxidative stress and die by apoptotic mechanisms in animal and cell culture models of diabetes. Key mediators of glucose-induced oxidative injury are superoxide anions and nitric oxide (NO). Superoxides are believed to underlie many of the oxidative changes in hyperglycemic conditions, including increases in aldose reductase and protein kinase C activity. Superoxides can also react with NO, forming peroxynitrite (ONOO - ), which rapidly causes protein nitration or nitrosylation, lipid peroxidation, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, and cell death. ONOO - formation is dependent on both superoxide and NO concentrations; therefore, cells that constitutively express NO synthase, such as endothelial cells and neurons, may be more vulnerable to ONOO – induced cell death in conditions favoring the production of superoxides. Although NO and ONOO - can cause endothelial and neuronal cell death in vitro, in animal models of diabetes, reductions in endothelial NO production can inhibit vasodilatation and cause nerve ischemia. Therefore, ideal therapeutic approaches should limit the formation of superoxides and ONOO while preventing reductions in vascular NO. Despite strong evidence that oxidative stress is associated with complications of diabetes, including neuropathy, the results of clinical trials of antioxidants have shown some promise but not established therapeutic efficacy. Clinical studies of several antioxidants, including α-lipoic acid, vitamins C and E, aldose reductase inhibitors, and growth factors, in diabetic neuropathy are discussed.
Multiuser MIMO Downlink Transmission Over Time-Varying Channels (2007)

The performance of multiuser MIMO downlink systems with block diagonalization (BD) relies on the channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter to a great extent. For time division duplex TDD systems, the transmitter estimates the CSI while receiving data at current time slot and then uses the CSI to transmit at the next time slot. When the wireless channel is time- varying, the CSI for transmission is imperfect due to the time delay between the estimation of the channel and the transmission of the data and severely degrades the system performance. In this paper, we propose a linear method to suppress the interferences among users and data streams caused by imperfect CSI at transmitter. The transmitter first sends pilot signals through a linear spatial preceding matrix so as to make possible that the receiver can estimate CSI of other users, and then the receiver exploits a linear prefllter to suppress the interference. The numerical results show that the proposed schemes achieve obvious performance enhancement in comparison to the scheme assuming perfect CSI at the transmitter.
An Investigation of Noise Reduction for the 3BB Nozzle with a Pylon Using External Flaps (2008)

Flaps (or half wedges) attached to the sides of a pylon are shown to result in a small but clear noise benefit. Noise radiated towards the ground is reduced apparently through a deflection and thickening of the fan stream underneath. Based on results from the current as well as concurrent investigations at the University of California at Irvine, it is recommended that further tests in a larger facility simulating realistic engine conditions be considered.
A Highly-Stable 59 GHz Soliton Source at 1550 nm (1997)

A highly-stable soliton source is demonstrated by compressing the sinusoidal modulation in the output of a short-cavity Er/Yb bulk phosphate-glass laser operating simultaneously at two frequencies. The 58.55 GHz modulation is converted into a train of 3.2ps pulses by means of soliton pulse compression in a comb-like dispersion-tailored fiber. By spectrum analysis of the direct-detection photocurrent, the short-term stability of the repetition rate is shown to be 10 kHz.
Measurement of the vasoconstrictive substances endothelin, angiotensin II, and thromboxane B<sub>2</sub>, in cold storage solution can reveal previous renal ischemic insults (1994)

Abstract In a rat model, the left kid ney was subjected to 60 min of normothermic ischemia followed by 15 min of reperfusion, whereas the right kidney, serving as a paired control, was not rendered ischemic. Both kidneys were then perfused in situ with either Euro-Collins (EC) solution (n=12) or University of Wisconsin (UW) solution (n=6) for 10 min. Each kidney was then harvested and stored at 4°C in its respective solution. After 24 and 48 h of cold storage, the following vasoactive substances were measured in the preservation media: endothelin (ET), angiotensin II (A-II), thromboxane (B2) (TxB2), and prostaglan-din I2 (PGI2). After 24 h in EC solution, left kidneys uniformly produced significantly higher concentrations of each vasoactive substance than right kidneys: ET 1.64 ± 0.3 pg/ml vs 0.82 ± 0.1 pg/ml (P 0.009); A-II 20.8 ± 6.2 pg/ml vs 7.75 + 2.3 pg/ml (P 0.007); TxB2, 100.8 ± 17.7 pg/ml vs 40.1 f 11.7 pg/ml (P 0.04); PGI2, 638.3 ± 41.1 pg/ml vs 318.3 ± 36.4 pg/ml (P 0.001), respectively. At 48 h, a similar pattern of results was obtained as the kidney continued to produce TxB2 and prostacyclins during the 24–48 h period. In the UW solution, basal levels of ET and A-II were lower than those in EC solution, but similarly increased after initial ischemia. At 24 h, the concentrations produced by the left and right kidneys were as follows: ET 0.66 ± 0.1 pg/ml vs 0.48 ± 0.1 pg/ml (P 0.14); A-II 10.36 f 3.7 pg/ml vs 2.14 ± 0.7 pg/ml (P 0.006); TxB2 178 ± 53 pg/ml vs 52 ± 23.1 pg/ml (P 0.001); and PGI2 448.3 ± 49 pg/ml vs 323 ± 44.3 pg/ml (P 0.01), respectively. After 48 h, the range of concentrations of each substance was similar to that obtained after 24 h. In further studies, the concentrations of ET and A-II were measured in solution previously used to preserve human kidneys (n=7). The mean concentration of ET and A-II in these samples was 3.82 ± 1.14 pg/ml and 21.3 ± 9.2 pg/ml, respectively, whereas in control media both substances were below the limits of detection. These results demonstrate that vaso-constrictive substances can be measured in the preservation media after a kidney has been stored cold and that higher concentrations are found when the organ has been subjected to prior normothermic ischemia. The measurement of these vasoactive substances before transplantation may reveal that the kidney has been subjected to previous ischemic events. Moreover, these vasoactive substances could be involved in the early recovery of renal function after kidney transplantation.
Stellar scintillation and the atmosphere’s vertical turbulence profile (2001)

The relationship between stellar scintillation in the strong-focusing regime and the atmosphere’s vertical turbulence profile is investigated with numerical simulation. For two distinct atmospheric profiles, the irradiance variance at a point on a telescope aperture is evaluated as a function of the weighted path-integrated turbulence (i.e., Rytov variance). Additionally, we compute the aperture-averaged irradiance variance and the log-amplitude correlation across the aperture as functions of the Rytov variance. For one atmospheric profile, scintillation is dominated by turbulence in the tropopause; for the other, scintillation arises from turbulence in both the tropopause and the lower troposphere. The numerical results indicate that (1) stellar scintillation depends on the actual profile of atmospheric turbulence and not just on its weighted integral and (2) in the strong-focusing regime the irradiance variance is determined primarily by an optical wave’s coherence length as it passes through the tropopause.
Determination of chemical structures by <sup>1</sup>H‐ and <sup>13</sup>C‐NMR for thermally degraded linear high density polyethylene (1983)

Abstract Chemical structures were determined for polymer residues obtained by thermal degradation of a linear high‐density polyethylene. Terminal methyl, double bonds (terminal vinyl, trans ‐vinylene, and vinylidene), and long chain branching were identified by using 1 H‐ and 13 C‐NMR spectra data. The number of these functional groups per 1000 C was quantified with a relative error of about 10%.