gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IS TRANSURETHRAL BIOPSY OF THE BLADDER NECESSARY AFTER 3 MONTHS TO EVALUATE RESPONSE TO BACILLUS CALMETTE-GUERIN THERAPY? (1999)

Bladder biopsy is not necessary in patients 3 months after receiving BCG who have a normal office cystoscopy or an erythematous bladder and normal urine cytology.
Teaching Relationships between Area and Perimeter with The Geometer's Sketchpad (1994)

The question “What shape will have the largest area for a given perimeter?” identifies an important relationship between area and perimeter that has long been intuitively realized in many cultures. Zaslavsky points out that numerous cultures make practical use of this relationship between area and perimeter: cylindrical houses in West Africa, beehive houses of the Chagga people of Mount Kilimanjaro, and hemispherical igloos of the Eskimo people. While struggling to cope with their environments, all these cultures used available materials to build dwellings with shapes that maximized floor space. Since perimeter is limited by the available materials, determining what shape will have the largest area is very important to people who find materials difficult to work with or hard to obtain. Mathematics is integrally related to social studies and architecture (Zaslavsky 1989, 19). The purpose of this activity is to go beyond intuition and instill a conceptual understanding of relationships between area and perimeter.
A fuzzy discrete Fourier transform for reduction of spectral leakage (2002)

The discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is a standard technique used in signal processing for examining the frequency spectrum of a sampled signal. While the DFT is a powerful tool, it is susceptible to spectral leakage. For example, leakage occurs when the frequency of an input signal does not exactly match one of the DFT output frequencies. In such cases, much of the energy of the input signal is spread across the entire spectrum of the DFT output, reducing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the signal. In this paper, a fuzzy DFT scheme is presented which gives up some precision in positioning the frequency of fluctuating or non-matched signals in favour of reducing or in some cases eliminating entirely spectral leakage.
A Locality-Based Threading Algorithm for the Configuration-Interaction Method (2017)

The Configuration Interaction (CI) method has been widely used to solve the non-relativistic many-body Schrodinger equation. One great challenge to implementing it efficiently on manycore architectures is its immense memory and data movement requirements. To address this issue, within each node, we exploit a hybrid MPI+OpenMP programming model in lieu of the traditional flat MPI programming model. In this paper, we develop optimizations that partition the workloads among OpenMP threads based on data locality,-which is essential in ensuring applications with complex data access patterns scale well on manycore architectures. The new algorithm scales to 256 threadson the 64-core Intel Knights Landing (KNL) manycore processor and 24 threads on dual-socket Ivy Bridge (Xeon) nodes. Compared with the original implementation, the performance has been improved by up to 7× on theKnights Landing processor and 3× on the dual-socket Ivy Bridge node.
Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor-1 in human endometrial cancer (2006)

We have previously shown that corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) inhibits the proliferation of Ishikawa (IK) human endometrial carcinoma cell line through the activation of CRH-R1 receptors. Here, we have further investigated the role of CRH and its type-1 receptor in the control of IK cell function, and we carried out a pilot study in tumor tissues obtained from 19 patients with endometrial cancer, looking at CRH-R1 gene expression. In the IK study, CRH counteracted the increase in cell proliferation caused by estradiol; type-1 receptors mediating this effect belong to the alpha subtype. In the study on human tumors, CRH-R1 was expressed in 4 out of 19 (21%) surgical specimens obtained from untreated patients with a diagnosis of primary endometrial cancer. Two out of 4 cases (50%) expressing CRH-R1 mRNA had extrauterine spreading of the disease, whereas cases not expressing CRH-R1 mRNA were all FIGO stage I, 2 (p=0.015).
Synthesis of Schiff bases from 1-naphthylamine and vanillin, vanillal, and their O-acyl derivatives (2006)

Previously unknown Schiff bases were synthesized by the condensation of 1-naphthylamine with vanillin, vanillal, and their O-acyl derivatives in ethanol.
Continuing the Downward Spiral for Unions - Carpenters v. Zcon Builders (1997)

Since their inception during the post-war years, collective bargaining agreements have been the primary method used by unions to get employers to deal with issues of importance to their labor force. However, the past few decades have seen a rapid decline in union membership as well as union effectiveness. 3 This casenote will look at whether or not the instant decision, Zcon, will be a contributing factor in the continuing downward spiral for unions.
A manageable Web services hub framework and enabling technologies for e-sourcing (2003)

In this paper, a manageable Web services hub framework and enabling technologies for e-sourcing are proposed for buyers, suppliers, service providers and trading partners to register business, user and service information as well as to provision and subscribe to services. The proposed framework enables a business to dynamically configure its business processes to integrate with existing Web services provided by other enterprises based on service requirements. Next, a multi-level security mechanism ensuring secure communications in a hub or among hubs is presented. An advanced Web services discovery mechanism is introduced after that for looking up multiple UDDI registries and aggregating results in an efficient manner. A working system of this framework, Managed e-Hub, which provides an infrastructure for enabling next generation e-utilities in a secure and controlled environment, is also presented in this paper. Some further research ideas are given at the end of the paper.
A configurable dual-mode algorithm on delay-aware low-computation scheduling and resource allocation in LTE downlink (2012)

Long Term Evolution (LTE) has been proposed as a promising radio access technology to bring higher peak data rates and better spectral efficiency. However, scheduling and resource allocation in LTE still face huge design challenges due to their complexity. This paper divides the complex problem into three sub-problems: scheduling pattern, scheduling priority and quantity of scheduled data. Based on analysis of three sub-problems, a configurable dual-mode (CD) algorithm is proposed. CD algorithm is able to guarantee queuing delay with low loss of resource utilization and fairness by employing dual-mode scheduling mechanism. And it can be configured by three parameters catering to different performance requirements. By utilizing QoS Class Identifier (QCI) and Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) defined by LTE, low computation is realized in CD scheduler. Finally, performance evaluation of the proposed scheduler is presented. The results and correlative analysis testify effectiveness of CD algorithm.
New Fabrication Techniques for Ring-Array Transducers for Real-Time 3D Intravascular Ultrasound (2009)

We have previously described miniature 2D array transducers integrated into a Cook Medical, Inc. vena cava fi ter deployment device.While functional, the fabrication technique was very labor intensive and did not lend itself well to efficient fabrication of large numbers of devices.We developed two new fabrication methods that we believe can be used to efficiently manufacture these types of devices in greater than prototype numbers.One transducer consisted of 55 elements operating near 5 MHz.The interelement spacing is 0.20 mm.It was constructed on a flat piece of copper-clad polyimide and then wrapped around an 11 French catheter of a Cook Medical, Inc. inferior vena cava (IVC) filter deployment device.We used a braided wiring technology from Tyco Electronics Corp. to connect the elements to our real-time 3D ultrasound scanner.Typical measured transducer element band width was 20% centered at 4.7 MHz and the 50 Ω round trip insertion loss was --82 dB.The mean of the nearest neighbor cross talk was -37.0 dB.The second method consisted of a 46-cm long single layer flex circuit from MicroConnex that terminates in an interconnect that plugs directly into our system cable.This transducer had 70 elements at 0.157 mm interelement spacing operating at 4.8 MHz.Typical measured transducer element bandwidth was 29% and the 50 Ω round trip insertion loss was -83 dB.The mean of the nearest neighbor cross talk was -33.0 dB.
BOISE STATE AUTOMATED CLUSTER INSTALLER UPGRADE (2009)

This paper gives a general overview of the type of HPC (high performance computing) cluster installed by the Boise State Automated Cluster Installer, or BSACI. The installation tool and its various components are then described in detail. A description of how to upgrade the installation tool is given, illustrated with specific examples from the Fedora Core 5 to Fedora 7 upgrade.
The Hydrophobic Nature of Residue-5 of Human Protein C Is a Major Determinant of Its Functional Interactions with Acidic Phospholipid Vesicles (1996)

We have previously proposed that a cluster of surface-exposed hydrophobic amino acids, viz., F4, L5, and L8, present at the amino-terminus of the Ca(2+)-bound form of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid domain (GD) of human protein C (PC), contributes a substantial portion of the total functional binding energy of PC and its activated form, APC, to acidic phospholipid (PL) vesicles. A deeper understanding of the importance of the hydrophobic nature of sequence position 5, and the particular relevance of leucine at that location, was sought by examination of the properties of a series of mutant proteins containing A5, V5, I5, and W5 as replacements for L5 in recombinant (r)-PC and APC. The Ca(2+)- and PL-dependent plasma-based anticoagulant activities of [L5A]r-APC, [L5V]r-APC, [L5I]r-APC, and [L5W]r-APC were determined to be approximately 28%, 51%, 98%, and 105%, respectively, of that of wild-type r-APC. A similar trend in activities of the mutant enzymes was observed in in vitro factor V/Va and factor VIII/VIIIa inactivation assays. Apparently normal Ca(2+)-dependent conformations were adopted by each of the mutant proteins, but the Ca(2+)-bound form of [L5A]r-PC was relatively the most defective of the mutants in its binding to PL. These results confirm the importance of the hydrophobic character at sequence position 5 as critical to the functional binding of PC to PL.
Psychology 2.0: The Emergence of Individuality (2019)

Physical forces acting on particles explain how physical systems change over time. Evolutionary forces acting on populations of genomes explain change in the genetic structure of populations across generations. The dynamics of human development - i.e., learning, or change in psychological systems, are not yet understood. This is a step in that direction.
The adsorption of the hydrous metallic oxides by kieselguhr (1939)

E. C. C. Baly, W. P. Pepper and C. E. Vernon, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1939, 35, 1165 DOI: 10.1039/TF9393501165
FSH Isoforms, Radioimmunoassays, Bioassays, and Their Significance (1992)

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) plays a central role in steroidogenesis and gametogenesis. In recent years, a great deal has been learned about the microheterogeneity of FSH using newly developed assay techniques. This review article will attempt to discuss the advantages and the limitations of recently developed and commonly used assay systems.
Infrared Technology Fundamentals (1976)

Application of infrared technology to problems in a systems engineering effort must be based upon an understanding of target-background-atmospheric radiation interactions as well as electro-optical systems and their components. This paper presents a brief tutorial review of these fundamentals in a treatment derived from the long-standing University of Michigan Engineering Summer Conference and ERIM's short course on this topic.
An introduction to chaos (1995)

A bird's eye view on chaos is attempted. A fast panning and zooming motion through its mythology, history, and some modern developments is presented. A hidden unity in all its diverse aspects makes itself felt. Even the two most extremal implications of chaos—the long line of topology and the endo/exo distinction—follow directly from the properlies of the simplest mixing process. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Transverse electrodeless RF discharge excitation of high-pressure laser gas mixtures (1980)

Self-sustained discharge excitation of CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> , Xe, F, and HF laser transitions using a transverse electrodeless RF (TERF) configuration is investigated. Homogeneous long-duration excitation of high-pressure laser gas mixtures is demonstrated, and the operating characteristics associated with the four laser species in this discharge environment are explored.
Loss of Ammonia Monooxygenase Activity in <i>Nitrosomonas europaea</i> upon Exposure to Nitrite (1998)

Nitrosomonas europaea, an obligate ammonia-oxidizing bacterium, lost an increasing amount of ammonia oxidation activity upon exposure to increasing concentrations of nitrite, the primary product of ammonia-oxidizing metabolism. The loss of activity was specific to the ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) enzyme, as confirmed by a decreased rate of NH4+-dependent O2 consumption, some loss of active AMO molecules observed by polypeptide labeling with 14C2H2, the protection of activity by substrates of AMO, and the requirement for copper. The loss of AMO activity via nitrite occurred under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and more activity was lost under alkaline than under acidic conditions except in the presence of large concentrations (20 mM) of nitrite. These results indicate that nitrite toxicity in N. europaea is mediated by a unique mechanism that is specific for AMO.
Colorectal Cancer–Derived Foxp3<sup>+</sup>IL‐17<sup>+</sup> T Cells Suppress Tumour‐Specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cells (2011)

The pathogenesis of cancer is remained to be further understood. This study aims to investigate the role of tumour-derived Foxhead box P3 (Foxp3)(+) interleukin (IL)-17(+) T cells on suppressing tumour-specific CD8(+) T cells. Colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue was collected from surgically removed cancer tissue of 22 patients with CRC. Foxp3(+) IL-17(+) T cells in cancer tissue were examined by flow cytometry. A set of cell markers and cytokines expressed by Foxp3(+) IL-17(+) T cells were determined by immune staining. By coculture with isolated peripheral CD8(+) T cells, the immune regulatory capacity of Foxp3(+) IL-17(+) T cells was examined. The results showed that a number of Foxp3(+) IL-17(+) T cells were found in CRC tissue (22.8 ± 2.6 cells/mm(2) tissue) that was significantly more than in non-cancer colonic mucosa (5.6 ± 1.04 cells/mm(2) tissue). The Foxp3(+) IL-17(+) cells also CD4(+), CCR6(+), transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta(+) and IL-6(+) . The CD8(+) T cells proliferated markedly after exposure to tumour protein in culture that was suppressed in the presence of CRC-derived Foxp3(+) IL-17(+) T cells; the suppression was attenuated by pretreatment with anti-IL-17 antibody. We conclude that CRC-derived Foxp3(+) IL-17(+) T cells have the ability to suppress tumour-specific CD8(+) T cells. This subset of T cells may be a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of CRC.
Growth model of bamboo-shaped carbon nanotubes by thermal chemical vapor deposition (2000)

Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes were grown on iron-deposited silicon oxide substrate by thermal chemical vapor deposition of acetylene. The carbon nanotubes have no encapsulated iron particles at the closed tip and a bamboo structure in which the curvature of compartment layers is directed to the tip. A base growth model is suggested for the bamboo-shaped carbon nanotubes grown under our experimental conditions.
Biometrics and AI Bias (2022)

While humans share many physical characteristics, they are not replicas of one another in appearance. Despite their uniqueness, common features mean that comparisons can be made. The ability to identify someone by face has been one of the most fundamental ways that humans have connected with each other as distinct persons <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[1]</xref> . Recognizing someone is in fact a form of human visual information processing <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[2]</xref> . Long before mirrors were available in the ancient world (circa 5th century BCE the Greeks used hand mirrors for grooming <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[3]</xref> ), descriptions of one’s face were always determined by another’s gaze or at best one’s own description of their reflection in clean water illuminated by sunlight. Some even gained nicknames through the identification of distinct features on their forehead, nose, eyes, eyebrows, ears, and cheeks, for example, or through some clear markings, such as freckles or a birthmark. These were all the usual ways of remembering individuals; not as a means of discrimination but simply for the purposes of identification. In villages that did not exceed 250 households, it was possible to know of, and remember everyone <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref4" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[4]</xref> , especially given that relations possessed similar and familial features.
The Cloned Promoter of the Human DNA β-Polymerase Gene Contains a cAMP Response Element Functional in HeLa Cells (1992)

The mammalian DNA beta-polymerase (beta-pol) gene is constitutively expressed in cultured cells as a function of growth stage and DNA replication, but is expressed in rodents in a tissue-specific fashion. As revealed by transient expression experiments with wild-type and mutated beta-pol promoter fusion genes, the cloned human beta-pol promoter is transcriptionally regulated by signals acting through the single palindromic sequence (GT-GACGTCAC) known as an ATF/CRE-binding site centered at position -45 in the core promoter. Although the mere presence of the ATF/CRE palindromic sequence in a promoter does not always confer cAMP responsiveness or protein binding over and around the ATF/CRE sequence, we find that agents that increase cAMP levels (forskolin and IBMX) in HeLa cells activate the beta-pol promoter; activation also can be observed by coexpression of the protein kinase A catalytic subunit. Experiments with mutagenized beta-pol promoters indicate that the ATF/CRE-binding site mediates these effects. Thus, the ATF/CRE-binding site in the context of this TATA-less constitutive promoter is able to respond to the kinase A signal transduction pathway.
以「文化勞動的新國際分工」架構分析跨國合製國片的前景與未來—以國片《巧克力重擊》為個案研究 (2005)

本研究旨在以Toby Miller的「文化勞動的新國際分工」（New International Division of Cultural Labour, NICL）為研究架構，檢視自2001年《臥虎藏龍》之後，所有跨國合製華語片的生產模型。
對美國好萊塢而言，全球票房成為21世紀急欲攻佔的領土。相較於1997年，美國2001年主要製片公司的海外票房達68.21億美元，增加了五分之一。而台灣電影創作者長期依賴政府輔導金，以及發行通路在美商的限制之下，「跨國合製」儼然成為新型的電影拍攝、行銷模式。
蓋布瑞爾在《第三世界電影批判理論》中指出，台灣電影工業在某種程度上，映證了「第三世界國家電影」的事實，即「第三世界電影的第一個無條件同化階段中，無論是工業、主題，或是風格都以好萊塢電影工業為依歸。」
查菲（Jan Jarvie）在《電影與社會》（”Movies and Society”）中認為，觀察電影至少可由四個角度出發：第一、電影工業體：是誰製作了電影？怎麼製作；第二、電影觀眾體：誰看電影？為何去看？第三、電影本體呈現了什麼？以及第四點、電影評論體：誰評析電影？如何批評？於是乎，電影的「幕後花絮」，亦可成為新馬克思學派所言，「公開生產過程」的除魅化進程，以解魅普羅觀眾對於電影製作的神秘感和攝製過程中，背後所囊括的互動、衝突，和彼此間的意涵。
2004年11月，由「三視多媒體公司」、「李啟源電影工作室」以及「公共電視」合資的《巧克力重擊》拿到新聞局國片輔導金800萬元，由曾在好萊塢工作的李啟源執導演筒，並聘請好萊塢攝影師Lawrence Schweich掌鏡與燈光師Justin Duval設計本片的藝術氛圍。後期製作會由好萊塢剪接師來台進行預告剪接，並且聘請二位得過艾美獎的音效師來台灣做音效。
雖然並沒有外資挹注，《巧克力重擊》的工作模式援引跨國合作方式，結合好萊塢工作人員與台灣本地影視人員，建立起一套新型工作模式。本研究以《巧克力重擊》做為研究個案，以影像紀錄片的方式，就近觀察台灣電影工作者與好萊塢電影工作者拍攝期間的互動，並檢視Toby Miller在「文化勞動的新國際分工」所提出的，全球化文勞動者的工作條件，以及在社會運動與人口特定年齡層之內，作品、文本及主體性的意義，究竟具有何等倫理及政治意義？
An overview of elastomeric conductive polymer interconnection materials and their use in MCM technology (2003)

A family of anisotropically conducting metal-filled polymer composites that are representative of ACPF (anisotropically conducting polymer film) has been developed. These composites are collectively referred to as elastomeric conductive polymer interconnection (ECPI) materials. The ECPI materials are metal-polymer composites with conduction isolated to the thin (or Z) direction, as are all ACPF materials. These materials offer unique advantages over more conventional technologies used for module attachment, high density connectors, socketing, and device testing. ECPI materials are well suited to interconnecting pad-grid arrays and, because of their electrical properties and mechanical compliance, they can accommodate short-range surface variations of several mils and transmit high-frequency signals without distortion, and their through-contact resistance is low. In general, ECPI needs only the application of pressure to give interconnection, but a group of design criteria was developed to assure optimal performance. The ECPI structure is discussed, the electrical and mechanical properties of typical ECPI interconnections are described, and design guidelines for using ECPI in connector and testing applications are summarized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Highly active and stereospecific polymerization of 1,3-butadiene catalyzed by dinuclear cobalt(ii) complexes bearing 3-aryliminomethyl-2-hydroxybenzaldehydes (2011)

A series of cobalt(II) complexes bearing 3-aryliminomethyl-2-hydroxybenzaldehydes (tridentate [NOO] ligands) was prepared and characterized by FT-IR and elemental analysis along with single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that a dinuclear centrosymmetrical structure formed, in which each cobalt atom is surrounded by two bridged ligands and two acetate groups as a distorted octahedron. These dinuclear cobalt complexes displayed high catalytic activities for the polymerization of 1,3-butdiene on activation with organoaluminum cocatalysts to yield cis-1,4-polybutadiene with high selectivity. Ethylaluminum sesquichloride (EASC) was found to be the most efficient cocatalyst resulting in high conversion of butadiene and cis-1,4 content in the polymers with moderate molecular weight. The high catalytic activity and stereoselectivity could be achieved in a wide range of reaction conditions. All the dinuclear cobalt complexes (C1-C6) yielded predominantly cis-1,4-polybutadienes (> 96%) with negligible amounts of trans-1,4 (< 2.4%) and 1,2-vinyl (< 1.5%) products under the Al/Co molar ratio of 80 at 25 °C. The ligand modification by varying the substituents at the 4-position of phenol and on the imino-N aryl ring showed slight influence on the catalytic activity and microstructure of the resulting polymers.