gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The trophoblast plug during early pregnancy: a deeper insight (2016)

During the first trimester of pregnancy, foetal endovascular trophoblasts invade into maternal spiral arteries, accumulate and form plugs in the lumen of the vessels. These plugs only allow blood plasma to seep through. Hence, during the first trimester of pregnancy, a first flow of fluids through the placental intervillous space is established, resulting in a physiological oxygen gradient between mother and foetus. The trophoblast plugs block spiral arteries until the beginning of the second trimester (11-14 weeks). In parallel, uterine glands are invaded and opened by endoglandular trophoblasts towards the intervillous space of the placenta, without showing the formation of plugs (Moser et al. in Hum Reprod 25:1127-1136, 2010, Hum Reprod Oxf Engl 30:2747-2757, 2015). This enables histiotrophic nutrition of the embryo prior to onset of maternal blood flow into the placenta. Failure of these endovascular and endoglandular invasion processes may lead to miscarriage or pregnancy disorders such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). After dissolution of the plugs, the onset of maternal blood flow allows maternal blood cells to enter the intervillous space and oxygen concentrations rise up. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time serial cross sections through a trophoblast plug in a first trimester placental bed specimen. Invaded and plugged arteries as well as invaded uterine glands in week 11 of gestation are visualized with specific immunohistochemical double staining techniques. We show that spiral artery plugs appear throughout the placental invasion zone and illustrate erythrocytes stowed due to trophoblast plugs. In addition, we give evidence of the presence of MMP-1 in plugs of invaded spiral arteries. The results reveal a better understanding and a closer insight into the morphological appearance of trophoblast plugs and the consequences for placental and uterine blood flow.
Ultrastructure and Invertase Secretion of the Slime Mutant of Neurospora crassa (1972)

SUMMARY: Electron micrographs of thin sections of cells of the slime mutantof Neurospora crassa showed that it, like artificially prepared protoplasts, possessed no cell wall. Invertase was produced by the mutant and appeared to be serologically identical to wild-type N. crassa invertase. The mutant secreted over 95 % of theinvertase into the medium whereas cells of the wild-type retained almost all the invertase. Theslime mutant hence resembles wild-type protoplasts in both structure and invertase secretion.
Grouping of Plant-Pathogenic and Some Other Pseudomonas spp. by Using Cellular Fatty Acid Profiles (1992)

Approximately 500 fatty acid profiles were prepared for 340 strains of plant-pathogenic and other bacteria currently or recently classified in the genus Pseudomonas Migula 1984. Strains representing some infraspecific taxa were included. The fatty acid profiles were stable and reproducible provided that cultural and chemical techniques were standardized. The 2- and 3-hydroxy fatty acids were found to be useful in grouping strains into six major groups, several of which were further differentiated into subgroups. Group 1 contained strains of the following species and subspecies: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. agarici, P. asplenii, P. aureofaciens, P. caricapapayae, P. chlororaphis, P. cichorii, P. ficuserectae, P. fluorescens, P. fuscovaginae, “P. gingeri,” P. marginalis, P. meliae, P. putida, “P. reactans,” P. syringae, P. tolaasii, and P. viridiflava (subgroup 1a); P. corrugata (subgroup 1b); P. rubrisubalbicans (subgroup 1c); P. alcaligenes, P. pseudoalcaligenes subsp. Pseudoalcaligenes, and P. stutzeri (subgroup 1d); P. amygdali (subgroup le); and P. cattleyae NCPPB 1874 (subgroup 1f). All group 1 strains contained 10:0 3-OH and 12:0 3-OH, and most group 1 strains also contained 12:0 2-OH. Group 2 contained strains belonging to the following taxa: P. andropogonis, P. caryophylli, P. cepacia, P. gladioli, P. plantarii, and P. glumae (in part) (subgroup 2a); P. glumae (in part) (subgroup 2b); and P. solanacearum, P. syzygii, and the banana blood disease bacterium (subgroup 2c). All of the group 2 strains contained 14:0 3-OH, 16:0 3-OH, and 18:1 2-OH; most also contained 16:1 2-OH and 16:0 2-OH. Group 3 contained strains belonging to the following taxa: Comamonas acidovorans, P. avenae, P. cattleyae NCPPB 961, P. pseudoalcaligenes subsp. citrulli, P. pseudoalcaligenes subsp. konjaci, P. rubrilineans (subgroup 3a); and Comamonas testosteroni (subgroup 3b). All of the group 3 strains contained 10:0 3-OH. The group 4 strains were members of Sphingomonas paucimobilis, and all contained only 14:0 2-OH. The group 5 strains were members of P. ftectens and contained 12:0 2-OH, 14:0 2-OH, and 14:0 3-OH. The group 6 strains were P. betle, P. cissicola, P. hibiscicola, Xanthomonas maltophilia, and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris strains, and all contained 12:0 3-OH, 11:0 iso 3-OH, and 13:0 iso 3-OH. Within each group or subgroup, qualitative and quantitative differences in profiles occurred for most species. Differences were also found at the infraspecific level for some taxa. My results support genomic and other data which show that the plant-pathogenic and other pseudomonads tested should be placed in at least six genera.
An Optimal Consensus Tracking Control Algorithm For Autonomous Underwater Vehicles With Disturbances (2012)

The optimal disturbance rejection control problem is considered for consensus tracking systems affected by external persistent disturbances and noise. Optimal estimated values of system states are obtained by recursive filtering for the multiple autonomous underwater vehicles modeled to multi-agent systems with Kalman filter. Then the feedforward-feedback optimal control law is deduced by solving the Riccati equations and matrix equations. The existence and uniqueness condition of feedforward-feedback optimal control law is proposed and the optimal control law algorithm is carried out. Lastly, simulations show the result is effectiveness with respect to external persistent disturbances and noise.
Pharmacological disruption of calcium channel trafficking by the α <sub>2</sub> δ ligand gabapentin (2008)

The mechanism of action of the antiepileptic and antinociceptive drugs of the gabapentinoid family has remained poorly understood. Gabapentin (GBP) binds to an exofacial epitope of the alpha(2)delta-1 and alpha(2)delta-2 auxiliary subunits of voltage-gated calcium channels, but acute inhibition of calcium currents by GBP is either very minor or absent. We formulated the hypothesis that GBP impairs the ability of alpha(2)delta subunits to enhance voltage-gated Ca(2+)channel plasma membrane density by means of an effect on trafficking. Our results conclusively demonstrate that GBP inhibits calcium currents, mimicking a lack of alpha(2)delta only when applied chronically, but not acutely, both in heterologous expression systems and in dorsal root-ganglion neurons. GBP acts primarily at an intracellular location, requiring uptake, because the effect of chronically applied GBP is blocked by an inhibitor of the system-L neutral amino acid transporters and enhanced by coexpression of a transporter. However, it is mediated by alpha(2)delta subunits, being prevented by mutations in either alpha(2)delta-1 or alpha(2)delta-2 that abolish GBP binding, and is not observed for alpha(2)delta-3, which does not bind GBP. Furthermore, the trafficking of alpha(2)delta-2 and Ca(V)2 channels is disrupted both by GBP and by the mutation in alpha(2)delta-2, which prevents GBP binding, and we find that GBP reduces cell-surface expression of alpha(2)delta-2 and Ca(V)2.1 subunits. Our evidence indicates that GBP may act chronically by displacing an endogenous ligand that is normally a positive modulator of alpha(2)delta subunit function, thereby impairing the trafficking function of the alpha(2)delta subunits to which it binds.
Nitric oxide and the cerebral circulation. (1994)

Because endothelium, neurons, and glia can all produce NO in response to some stimuli, the influence of NO on the cerebral circulation appears to be very important. Under normal conditions, constitutively produced NO influences basal cerebral vascular tone and mediates vascular responses to a diverse group of stimuli. The inducible form of NO synthase produces much greater amounts of NO that may be an important mediator of cytotoxicity in brain.
Regeneration: The confluence of psychoanalysis, biological science, and literature: Lessons for individual treatment and organizational consultation (2012)

The relationship between psychoanalysis and literature is well established. Clinical treatment draws on the stories patients share with their analyst with a goal of finding meaning. At the same time, psychoanalysis and literature mutually inform their respective theoretical underpinnings. Freud's use of Greek mythology (Oedipus) and German poetry as well as the pervasive use of psychoanalytic principles in literary circles and academic departments demonstrate this connection in action. Recently, psychoanalysis had been forced to come to grips with modern biology, particularly neuroscience. Although still in its infancy, 'neuro-psychoanlysis' seems to verify the basic tenets of Freud's theories in the areas of dreams, dissociation, memory, affect regulation, and executive (ego) functions. Nonetheless, a synthesis between the tenets of psychoanalysis and neuroscience remains elusive. Regeneration is the title of Pat Barker's award-winning novel in which both biological and psychological regeneration are addressed from a literary perspective. Though clearly not the author's manifest intent, principles explored in Regeneration resemble the biology governing the inability of human tissue, organs, and limbs to regenerate (in contrast to amphibians and reptiles). In addition, despite the author's not possessing clinical credentials, the novel demonstrates concepts applicable to both individual therapy and organizational consultation. Regarding the former, recently developed approaches to combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in American soldiers in Iraq bear a striking resemblance to Rivers' treatment of WWI British soldiers. As for the latter, concepts of regeneration may be helpful with management of organizational differentiation, de-differentiation, and change, as shown in a vignette from consultative work with a non-profit company.
Low-temperature processed MOSFETs with liquid phase deposited SiO/sub 2-x/F<sub>x</sub> as gate insulator (1995)

Device performances of MOSFETs with SiO/sub 2-x/F/sub x/ gate oxides prepared by an extremely low-temperature (15/spl deg/C) liquid phase deposition (LPD) method were investigated. The electrical characteristics, including threshold voltage of 2.1 V, peak effective mobility (μ/sub eff/) of 525 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V/spl middot/s, and subthreshold swing of 134 mV/decade, show the devices exhibit comparable performance to other low-temperature processed MOSFETs. This demonstrates that LPD SiO/sub 2-x/F/sub x/ can be a suitable candidate for future gate insulators in low-temperature processed MOSFETs.
BACKACHE IN PREGNANCY (1977)

Replies to a questionnaire showed that, amongst 180 women delivered in The London Hospital, 48% experienced backache during pregnancy; in one third of these it was severe. The prevalence of back pain increased with both increasing age and increasing parity, and it was difficult to separate the relative contributions of these two factors. No evidence was found of an association between backache during pregnancy and height, weight, 'obesity index', weight gain, or baby's weight. Analysis of aggravating and relieving factors indicates some differences between backache in the pregnant and 'mechanical' back pain in the non-pregnant. Slightly less backache was reported amongst patients attending antenatal physiotherapy classes but the figures do not provide clear evidence of any protective effect of this attendance.
Evidence That the Superior Colliculus Participates in the Feedback Control of Saccadic Eye Movements (2002)

There is general agreement that saccades are guided to their targets by means of a motor error signal, which is produced by a local feedback circuit that calculates the difference between desired saccadic amplitude and an internal copy of actual saccadic amplitude. Although the superior colliculus (SC) is thought to provide the desired saccadic amplitude signal, it is unclear whether the SC resides in the feedback loop. To test this possibility, we injected muscimol into the brain stem region containing omnipause neurons (OPNs) to slow saccades and then determined whether the firing of neurons at different sites in the SC was altered. In 14 experiments, we produced saccadic slowing while simultaneously recording the activity of a single SC neuron. Eleven of the 14 neurons were saccade-related burst neurons (SRBNs), which discharged their most vigorous burst for saccades with an optimal amplitude and direction (optimal vector). The optimal directions for the 11 SRBNs ranged from nearly horizontal to nearly vertical, with optimal amplitudes between 4 and 17 degrees. Although muscimol injections into the OPN region produced little change in the optimal vector, they did increase mean saccade duration by 25 to 192.8% and decrease mean saccade peak velocity by 20.5 to 69.8%. For optimal vector saccades, both the acceleration and deceleration phases increased in duration. However, during 10 of 14 experiments, the duration of deceleration increased as fast as or faster than that of acceleration as saccade duration increased, indicating that most of the increase in duration occurred during the deceleration phase. SRBNs in the SC changed their burst duration and firing rate concomitantly with changes in saccadic duration and velocity, respectively. All SRBNs showed a robust increase in burst duration as saccadic duration increased. Five of 11 SRBNs also exhibited a decrease in burst peak firing rate as saccadic velocity decreased. On average across the neurons, the number of spikes in the burst was constant. There was no consistent change in the discharge of the three SC neurons that did not exhibit bursts with saccades. Our data show that the SC receives feedback from downstream saccade-related neurons about the ongoing saccades. However, the changes in SC firing produced in our study do not suggest that the feedback is involved with producing motor error. Instead, the feedback seems to be involved with regulating the duration of the discharge of SRBNs so that the desired saccadic amplitude signal remains present throughout the saccade.
Antisera to Tilmicosin for use in ELISA and for Immunohistochemistry (1999)

In order to raise antibodies for the immunolocalisation and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based detection of the antibiotic tilmicosin, several hapten immunogens have been synthesised and used to produce polyclonal antisera in sheep. Use of the tilmicosin molecule itself as a hapten failed to give a successful immunogen. However, selection of alternative haptens such as desmycosin and lactenocin, which contain reactive aldehyde groups as well as considerable structural similarity to tilmicosin, allowed the preparation of immunogenically active conjugates and, subsequently, anti-tilmicosin polyclonal antibodies. In a microtitration plate competitive ELISA, antisera to desmycosin bound tilmicosin, while cross-reacting with tylosin at 96%. The limit of determination of the ELISA was 0.09 ng ml -1 . Immunoglobulin fractions prepared from the antiserum have also been used for the localisation of tilmicosin in porcine lung by immunocytochemistry and used to determine tilmicosin in avian respiratory tissue. Antiserum to lactenocin showed increased specificity (1.3% cross-reaction with tylosin).
EFFECT OF CARBON MATERIAL ON THE PERFORMANCE OF A GAS DIFFUSION ELECTRODE IN ELECTRO-FENTON PROCESS (2009)

An enhancement of electro-Fenton treatment, performed by employing a PTFE-bonded gas\ndiffusion cathode, is presented. The effect of different commercial carbon cloths on hydrogen\nperoxide production, iron regeneration and overall oxidation of an inorganic solution was\ninvestigated in electrolyses conducted under potentiostatic conditions. The influence of some\noperative conditions such as working potential, pH and feeding gas, is also reported. The results\nshow that the hydrophilic nature of the coating highly improved the production of hydrogen peroxide,\nwhile iron regeneration is unaffected by the carbon characteristics only benefiting by less negative\ncathode potential and lower pH. Oxidation yields are confirmed to strictly depend on the\nconcentration ratio of all the species involved. In particular, to limit the occurrence of undesired side\nreactions, excess of hydrogen peroxide has to be avoided.
The Effect of Antenna Orientation and Polarization on MIMO Capacity (2005)

The capacity of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system depends on the channel matrix as well as the signal-to-noise ratio. The effect of the antenna orientation is analyzed for both single polarized and dual polarized antennas using a planar channel model. The results show that although linear polarized TX and RX antennas provide higher capacity when they are polarization matched, dual polarized antennas provide better performance when an arbitrary orientation is considered.
The Major Outer Membrane Protein of<i>Chlamydia psittaci</i>Functions as a Porin-Like Ion Channel (1998)

The major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of Chlamydia species shares several biochemical properties with classical porin proteins. Secondary structure analysis by circular dichroism now reveals that MOMP purified from Chlamydia psittaci has a predominantly beta-sheet content (62%), which is also typical of bacterial porins. Can MOMP form functional ion channels? To directly test the "porin channel" hypothesis at the molecular level, the MOMP was reconstituted into planar lipid bilayers, where it gave rise to multibarreled channels, probably trimers, which were modified by an anti-MOMP monoclonal antibody. These observations are consistent with the well-characterized homo-oligomeric nature of MOMP previously revealed by biochemical analysis and with the triple-barreled behavior of other porins. MOMP channels were weakly anion selective (PCl/PK approximately 2) and permeable to ATP. They may therefore be a route by which Chlamydia can take advantage of host nucleoside triphosphates and explain why some anti-MOMP antibodies neutralize infection. These findings have broad implications on the search for an effective chlamydial vaccine to control the significant human and animal diseases caused by these organisms.
Reductions in Plasma Cytokine Levels With Weight Loss Improve Insulin Sensitivity in Overweight and Obese Postmenopausal Women (2004)

Improvements in glucose metabolism with weight loss programs are independently associated with decreases in cytokine concentrations, suggesting that a reduction in inflammation is a potential mechanism that mediates improvements in insulin sensitivity.
Generating intense ultrashort radiation by reflecting an ultrashort laser pulse from a thin target (2011)

Particle-in-cell simulation and analytical modeling demonstrate that the reflection of a single-cycle light pulse from a thin target can produce an ultrashort ultraintense electromagnetic field.
ADDITAMENTA pages 1 to 130 (2013)

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Anilinopyrylium salts. Their synthesis and conversion to other heterocyclic systems (1974)

Abstract Two methods for the preparation of anilinopyrylium salts are described. The conversion of these salts to pyrans, pyridines, and nitrobenzenes is discussed. Azepines, benzimidazoles, and benxotriazoles are readily obtained from the o ‐aminoanilinopyrylium salts.
Vertically stacked individually tunable nanowire field effect transistors for low power operation with ultrahigh radio frequency linearity (2012)

In this letter, we present an experimentally feasible design of vertically stacked nanowire (NW) gate-all-around (GAA) metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) for operation in radio-frequency (RF) circuits with ultrahigh linearity. We demonstrate that by properly tuning the diameters and doping levels of individual NWs in the vertical stack, a much higher third order intercept point is achieved compared to single nanowire designs, without degrading other performance metrics. This methodology for improving linearity overcomes the design tradeoff between RF linearity and power supply, and should be applicable to multi-stack nanowire GAA MOSFETs of all materials.
The Impropriety of Expert Witness Testimony on the Law (1992)

Professor Baker weighs in on a new trend of allowing expert opinion on the status of the law. He begins with a brief history of lay and expert opinion testimony and continues with an analysis of Rule 702 of the Federal Rules of Evidence before concluding that expert opinion on the law simply has no place in federal practice.
Preparation and properties of porous carbon materials based on fallen leaves (2007)

The properties of porous carbon materials prepared by the thermolysis and activation of fallen leaves pretreated with alkali metal ions were studied. A regression model was proposed to relate the sorption activities of the resulting materials toward iodine and methylene blue with the surface properties of these materials.
John Peel (1890)

Journal Article John Peel Get access A. J. M. A. J. M. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s7-X, Issue 254, 8 November 1890, Pages 369–370, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s7-X.254.369f Published: 08 November 1890
Coronaviruses and the human airway: a universal system for virus-host interaction studies (2016)

Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are large RNA viruses that infect the human respiratory tract. The emergence of both Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Middle East Respiratory syndrome CoVs as well as the yearly circulation of four common CoVs highlights the importance of elucidating the different mechanisms employed by these viruses to evade the host immune response, determine their tropism and identify antiviral compounds. Various animal models have been established to investigate HCoV infection, including mice and non-human primates. To establish a link between the research conducted in animal models and humans, an organotypic human airway culture system, that recapitulates the human airway epithelium, has been developed. Currently, different cell culture systems are available to recapitulate the human airways, including the Air-Liquid Interface (ALI) human airway epithelium (HAE) model. Tracheobronchial HAE cultures recapitulate the primary entry point of human respiratory viruses while the alveolar model allows for elucidation of mechanisms involved in viral infection and pathogenesis in the alveoli. These organotypic human airway cultures represent a universal platform to study respiratory virus-host interaction by offering more detailed insights compared to cell lines. Additionally, the epidemic potential of this virus family highlights the need for both vaccines and antivirals. No commercial vaccine is available but various effective antivirals have been identified, some with potential for human treatment. These morphological airway cultures are also well suited for the identification of antivirals, evaluation of compound toxicity and viral inhibition.