gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maximum likelihood texture analysis and classification using wavelet-domain hidden Markov models (2002)

Wavelet-domain hidden Markov models (HMMs), in particular the hidden Markov tree (HMT), have been proposed and applied to image processing, e.g. denoising and segmentation. In this paper texture analysis and classification using wavelet-domain HMMs are studied. In order to achieve more accurate texture characterization, we propose a new tree-structured HMM, called the 2-D HMT-3, where the wavelet coefficients from three subbands are grouped together. Besides the interscale dependencies, the proposed 2-D HMT-3 can also capture the dependencies across the wavelet subbands that are found useful for texture analysis. The experimental results show that the 2-D HMT-3 provides a nearly 20% improvement over the method using wavelet energy signatures, and the overall percentage of correct classification is over 95% upon a set of 55 Brodatz (1966) textures.
Multiple Completion Monitor Wells (1986)

Abstract This paper discusses the multiple completion monitor well design concept in terms of drilling methods, construction methods, cost considerations, and potentially adverse effects caused by interactions between construction materials and ground water. The report is based on McLaren Environmental Engineering's experiences in constructing monitor wells containing up to seven piezometers within a single 10‐inch diameter borehole. The air rotary casing hammer method is used to penetrate unconsolidated sediments and the remainder of the hole is drilled by the direct mud rotary method. Intervals for piezometer completions are based upon lithologic descriptions and downhole electrical logging. Piezometers are 2½‐inch and 1‐inch blank pipe with 2½‐inch mill slotted and 1½‐ihch wire wound perforated pipe. Each perforated pipe interval is within a gravel envelope. Cement grout (4½ gallons water to 94 pounds cement) is used to seal the annular space between perforated intervals. Contracting costs for multiple completion monitor wells are less than for an equal set of single completion monitor wells. For example, a six completion monitor well, 300 feet deep, costs $15,300. Six single completion monitor wells with the same perforated intervals cost $46,800. The cost differences are mainly for drilling extra footage and installing more grout. McLaren Environmental Engineering uses multiple completion monitor wells to investigate ground water conditions in stratified alluvium. We have demonstrated the effectiveness of cement grout hydraulic seals by measuring differences in hydraulic heads
Logic programming and cardinality constraints : theory and practice (2009)

Answer set programming (ASP) is a method for solving hard problems using computational logic. We describe a problem as a set of formulas of a declarative logical language in such way that the solutions correspond to the models (answer sets) of the set and then use a general-purpose inference engine to find the answer sets.\n\nIn this work we define an ASP language, cardinality constraint programs (CCP). The language extends normal logic programs by adding cardinality and conditional literals as well as choice rules. These extensions allow us to represent many if not most NP-complete problems in a concise and intuitive way. The language is defined in two phases where we first introduce a simple basic language and then define the constructs of the full language in terms of translations to the basic language.\n\nThe language has a declarative formal semantics that is based on the stable model semantics of normal logic programs. The semantics of a program with variables is defined via its ground instantiation. In addition of using the Herbrand instantiation a program can be instantiated with respect to some other universe, which makes it possible to have a direct support for interpreted functions in the semantics.\n\nThe semantics is undecidable in the general case. We identify a syntactic subclass of CCPs, namely omega-restricted programs, that are decidable even when function symbols are allowed. The stable models of such programs are created by a finite relevant instantiation that we can always compute. We analyze the computational complexity of omega-restricted programs and show that deciding whether a program has a stable model is 2-NEXP-complete. We identify further subclasses of programs that are NP- and NEXP-complete in the same sense. We also present an algorithm for instantiating omega-restricted programs.\n\nWe discuss programming methodology and show how we can create uniform CCP encodings for different problems using the generate-and-test methodology. We examine how we can combine ASP with traditional programming languages by treating an ASP solver as an oracle.\n\nAs an extended case study we examine how we can solve AI planning problems using ASP. We present a systematic translation from an action language planning formalism into CCPs and give encodings for three sample planning domains. We also examine how we can add domain-specific knowledge to the encodings to make them more efficient in practice.
What has changed since 1985 (2016)

There is a tradition of older people looking back over their lives and noting how so many aspects of life have deteriorated. 'What is the world coming to?' is a complaint as old as humanity. Change creeps up on us and we find it hard to cope, and sometimes it is hard to see any good in it. It is now my turn to 'complain'. But I will use some survey figures to correct and challenge my feelings. The book CRA has just released, Charting the Faith of Australians (2016), looks at the momentous changes that have occurred since World War II. This article will take a more limited period: from the beginning of the CRA until now.
INSULIN RELEASE FROM HUMAN FOETAL PANCREAS IN TISSUE CULTURE (1973)

SUMMARY Various methods of tissue culture were studied in an attempt to grow human foetal pancreas under conditions favourable for insulin release. Simple dicing of pancreas was superior to plasma clot adhesion or collagenase digestion for the preparation of tissue for culture. The culture medium described by Kahri (1966) (containing 25% heated postnatal calf serum) was the most suitable of four tested for the study of insulin release from the tissue culture. In this medium insulin could be measured quantitatively by radioimmunoassay and insulin degradation occurred at the rate of 20–25%/24 h. In other media the pancreas grew less well or insulin degradation was much greater. Human foetal pancreas grown under optimal conditions released insulin for up to 34 days. Insulin released into the culture medium did not appear to inhibit the further release of insulin. In some experiments the total amount of insulin released into the culture medium was several-fold greater than that in the pancreas originally seeded. In acute incubation experiments barium and theophylline stimulated insulin release from pancreas cultures. It proved impossible to identify the cells from which insulin was released but they did not appear to be in the monolayer which was composed of fibroblasts.
OSSEOSONOMETRY (1942)

Percussion over one end of a bone will set up audible vibrations that are clearly heard with a stethoscope at the other end. These vibrations are even transmitted through one or more joints and may be carried to distant points on the skeleton. It is usually forgotten in physical diagnosis that bone, the hard tissue, carries audible vibrations farther and more clearly than any solid organ or soft tissue. A simple experiment of listening with a stethoscope over the pubis, while a medial malleolus is struck with the finger, shows the distance a percussion note will be carried through bone and likewise illustrates the normal, distinct, low-pitched resonant note which is heard from bone percussion. This sound has a definite osteal, almost metallic, quality. Other types of vibrations, such as those set up by a tuning fork or vibrator, also can be heard distinctly. That other tissues and organs transmit
Copy protection for high-definition baseband video (2002)

A copy protection (CP) system is proposed for transmission of high-definition (HD) baseband video signals among consumer electronic (CE) products in the home. An encryption technique adds fluctuating pseudo-random amplitude-offsets to the components of the video signal to be protected, thereby disrupting the entertainment value of intercepted signals. The decryption technique subtracts equivalent offsets regenerated by legitimate receiving devices, thereby restoring the signal. The value of each offset remains constant for the duration of each horizontal scan line so that simple analog voltage summing/differencing circuits can be used for encryption/decryption of analog video signals. The same simple encryption/decryption algorithms can be used for digital implementations to protect digital transmission. Arguments are presented regarding why a CP system for baseband HD video is needed to ensure forward compatible access to premium content by emerging categories of HD-capable CE products. Prototype hardware implementing the analog encryption/decryption techniques has been successfully demonstrated.
TERRESTRIAL 3D LASER SCANNING - DATA ACQUISITION AND OBJECT MODELLING FOR INDUSTRIAL AS-BUILT DOCUMENTATION AND ARCHITECTURAL APPLICATIONS (2004)

In this paper the investigations of two projects using the terrestrial 3D laser scanning system 2500® from Leica Geosystems are presented. The CYRAX 2500 is tested in 3D data acquisition and object modelling for industrial as-built documentation and for an architectural application. The major aspects of these investigations were the accuracy of point determination and object modelling, the degree of automation in data acquisition and object modelling, and consequently the overall efficiency of the laser scanning system and its related software tools. With the scanner the two objects were recorded threedimensionally as point clouds. The registration and modelling of the industrial facilities (pipelines of the company Boie in Lubeck, Germany) could be performed nearly automatically with the software Cyclone (version 4.0.2), which belongs to the scanning system. The modelling of the architectural object (Holstentor in Lubeck) had to be carried out mostly manually in combination with the CAD program AutoCAD. The two projects demonstrated that the Cyrax laser scanning system is especial suitable for detailed 3D recording and modelling of industrial facilities. Due to its measuring precision and its high point density, the Cyrax 2500 represents a good alternative and supplement to classic construction surveying and to photogrammetric data acquisition. The two projects described were performed in cooperation between the Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Department of Geomatics, and the engineering office GDV Ingenieurgesellschaft Holst mbH, Bad Schwartau, Germany.
The Development of a Simple Method for the Preparation of Reactor-Grade Zirconium (1975)

Abstract The separation of zirconium and hafnium by the fractional precipitation method has been extended by coprecipitation of their pyrophosphates. In the presence of sulfate ion, fractional precipitation of zirconium-hafnium pyrophosphates from a solution in 4 N HCI gives a good separation factor. Hafnium becomes concentrated in the precipitate. At a concentration of 0.7 to 0.8 g Zr/100 ml, optimum results were obtained with the addition of about 50 g ammonium sulfate/100 ml (Λ > 5). The separation factor falls sharply at higher concentrations of zirconium. Moreover, it has been found that when precipitation of the host is done above 45%, the separation factor shows a declining trend. It was, therefore, not possible to prepare reactor-grade zirconium in a single stage. After several trials it was possible to find nearly optimum conditions for the separation. Finally, reactor-grade zirconium was obtained in three stages of precipitation with an yield of ∼24%.
Effect of long-term culture of mouse embryonic stem cells under low oxygen concentration as well as on glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan on cell proliferation and differentiation (2010)

Our data suggest that hypoxia is not necessary for maintaining pluripotency of mES cells and appeared to be detrimental during ES differentiation. Moreover, HA may offer a valuable alternative for long-term culture of mES cells in vitro.
Accurate Current Estimation for Interconnect Reliability Analysis (2011)

An improved and efficient method for static estimation of average and root-mean-squared currents used for electromigration (EM) reliability analysis is presented in this work. Significantly different from state-of-the-art, the proposed method gives closed-form expressions for average and RMS currents in one complete cycle. The proposed method can be readily configured to work with different combinations of ramp and exponential waveforms. Subsequently, the inadequacies of using conventional EM-severity metrics: either the net's lumped capacitance or the net's effective capacitance, along with the regular timing slew, for EM analysis are outlined. As a correction, and, application of proposed method, we provide formulations for deriving the effective “EM” slew, which can be used with conventional approaches to accurately compute the currents. Further, unlike traditional wisdom, we note that not just the RMS current, but even the total charge transfer can depend on the waveform type, and propose formulations to that regard. Additionally, for the first time, we present a method for incorporating the driver's dynamic IR drop while computing RMS currents. Alongside, we lay recommendations for ensuring the standard-cell EM safety at chip level. Finally, we share model-validation results from a production 40 nm design, enabling a 40% higher performance closure.
Unitary signal constellations for differential space-time modulation with two transmit antennas: parametric codes, optimal designs, and bounds (2002)

We focus on the design of unitary signal constellations for differential space-time modulation with double transmit antennas. By using the parametric form of a two-by-two unitary matrix, we present a class of unitary space-time codes called parametric codes and show that this class of unitary space-time codes leads to a five-signal constellation with the largest possible diversity product and a 16-signal constellation with the largest known diversity product. Although the parametric code of size 16 is not a group by itself, we show that it is a subset of a group of order 32. Furthermore, the unitary signal constellations of sizes 32, 64, 128, and 256 obtained by taking the subsets of the parametric codes of sizes 37, 75, 135, and 273, respectively, have the largest known diversity products. We also use large diversity sum of unitary space-time signal constellations as another significant property for the signal constellations to have good performance in low-SNR scenarios. The newly introduced unitary space-time codes can lead to signal constellations with sizes of 5 and 9 through 16 that have the largest possible diversity sums. Subsequently, we construct a few sporadic unitary signal constellations with the largest possible diversity product or diversity sum. A four-signal constellation which has both the largest possible diversity product and the largest possible diversity sum and three unitary signal constellations with the largest possible diversity sums for sizes of 6, 7, and 8 are constructed, respectively. Furthermore, by making use of the existing results in sphere packing and spherical codes, we provide several upper and lower bounds on the largest possible diversity product and the largest possible diversity sum that unitary signal constellations of any size can achieve.
Cytotoxicity of alkyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate adhesives (1989)

The cytotoxicity of methyl- and isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate adhesives was determined using a rat polymorphonuclear leukocyte suspension. Cell degranulation increased and migration decreased on addition of the alkyl-2-cyanoacrylates to the suspension in a concentration-dependent manner. When acetylsalicylic acid or indomethacin, inhibitors of prostaglandin H synthase, were present, the cytotoxicity observed on addition of the adhesives to the leukocytes decreased up to eightfold in a dose-dependent manner as detected by trypan blue exclusion. Likewise, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase lowered such cytotoxicity resulting from the cyanoacrylates up to eight- and sevenfold, respectively. The data suggested that the adhesives may have generated lipid hydroperoxides that activated prostaglandin and thromboxane biosynthesis, and participated in membranal oxidation and lysis. Such a mechanism may contribute to understanding the thrombotic events associated with the necrosis observed on application of these adhesives to tissues in vivo.
Gastric Motility in Rats with Varying Ovarian Hormone Status (1995)

Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms suggestive of altered motility vary with menstrual cycle phase and menopause, but the effects of ovarian hormones on gastric motility have not been described. Basal and stimulated gastric motility were studied in male and female rats that were ovariectomized and implanted with continuous-release progesterone and/or estrogen pellets. Following 26 days of hormone treatment, rats were implanted with a gastric tension transducer. Contractile activity was recorded, then thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) or saline was injected intracisternally and motility was monitored. An index was calculated based on frequency and amplitude; response to TRH was expressed as percentage of the basal index. Basal contraction frequency was highest in the estrogen and estrogen+progesterone groups. Hormone treatment significantly affected the TRH-stimulated motility index; TRH induced increased motility in all groups, with larger, more sustained responses in vehicle, progesterone, and male groups. Results demonstrate the ovarian hormone modulation of basal and stimulated gastric motility. Such modulation may contribute to changes in GI symptoms with altering ovarian hormone state.
Fast Variable Block Size Motion Estimation by Adaptive Early Termination (2006)

This paper presents a fast motion estimation algorithm by adaptively changing the early termination threshold for the current accumulated partial sum of absolute difference (SAD) value. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can provide the similar quality while saving 77.9% and 50.6% of SAD computation when comparing with early termination methods in MPEG-4 VM18.0 and H.264 JM9.0, respectively.
Advancing Horizontal Well Sand Control Technology: An OHGP Using Synthetic OBM (1998)

Abstract This paper describes a Gulf of Mexico case history that successfully demonstrates a horizontal well can be drilled with synthetic oil based mud (SOBM), and gravel packed with aqueous fluids while still offering excellent well productivity and sand control integrity. The result significantly expands the application of open hole gravel packs to encompass a range of reservoir types and well trajectories thought to date to be unachievable. Key aspects of delivering this technology are discussed in this paper: what major technical risks were identified, how these were managed through an intensive laboratory testing program, engineering, global resourcing, and teamwork put into this project. In particular the following key achievements will be discussed in detail: the successful horizontal balanced displacement from SOBM to kill weight brine, back production of barite laden SOBM filter cake through the gravel pack with minimal productivity impairment, and some important data acquisition results designed to increase our insight into this well type. P. 121
A XACML-based access control model for web service (2005)

One of the most important features of Web service is ease of access over the Internet. But the downside is that security is compromised. This paper presents an access control model for Web service. It uses XACML (extensible access control markup language) for the description of access control criteria and combines the power of XACML and SAML (security assertion markup language) to complete a distributed system's authorization needs. Finally, a detailed example is shown to describe the access control model.
Building a case for team learning. (1995)

The materials are heaped on the ground: pieces of plywood, ropes, PVC pipes, tarps, a saw. Twelve people--physicians and administrative leaders from Presbyterian Healthcare Services in Albuquerque--appraise the pile. Their assignment: Build a structure into which all 12 people will fit; one that will be wind-proof, rain-proof, and sun-proof; and that will house their traveling library (about $500 worth of books). By the time they are finished, this group will have begun to experience the pleasures and problems of team learning. And over the next six months, they will have occasion to reflect back on their common experience as it reverberates through the life of their organization in ways they cannot now foresee.
Use of magnetic beads to extract fungal DNA (2005)

Authors compare two methods of extracting DNA from different fungi: the classic method with phenol/chloroform (P/C) and that with magnetic beads. Both were tested on Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans, belonging to the yeast group and Microsporum canis, M. gypseum, Trichophyton rubrum, T. interdigitale, T. ajelloi, Epidermophyton floccosum, belonging to the dermatophytes group. Extraction products underwent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fingerprinting with the appropriate primers to point out any disagreement in the genomic profiles. After having determined that the genomic profiles obtained from the DNA extracted from the same strain with the two methods correspond perfectly, the authors concluded that the extraction method with magnetic beads from fungal cells is simpler and quicker than with P/C extraction, greatly facilitating the obtainment of fungal DNA.
Impurity barrier properties of reoxidized nitrided oxide films for use with P/sup +/-doped polysilicon gates (1991)

The ability of thin reoxidized nitrided oxide (ONO) gate dielectrics formed by rapid thermal processing to act as a barrier to boron penetration resulting from p/sup +/ poly gate processing are investigated. Measurements comparing the threshold voltage instability of capacitors fabricated with BF/sub 2/ implanted poly gates subjected to various postgate thermal cycles have been performed. The ONO gate dielectrics are found to be an excellent impurity barrier to boron diffusion, even in the presence of fluorine. The extent of the nitridation is also found to affect the diffusion barrier properties, with the highest temperature nitridations forming the best barriers. Reoxidation of the nitrided films reduces the barrier properties somewhat, but improvement is still observed over SiO/sub 2/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A new method for DC-AC conversion using simplified multilevel inverter - design and analysis using PSIM (2009)

Multilevel converters offer high power capability, associated with lower outputs harmonics and lower commutation losses. Their main disadvantage is their complexity, requiring a great number of power devices and passive components, and a rather complex control circuitry. The main objective of this paper is to reduce the number of power devices and capacitors required to implement a multilevel output and to reduce the harmonics at the output voltage using gating block for switches.