gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theta Rhythms Coordinate Hippocampal–Prefrontal Interactions in a Spatial Memory Task (2005)

Decision-making requires the coordinated activity of diverse brain structures. For example, in maze-based tasks, the prefrontal cortex must integrate spatial information encoded in the hippocampus with mnemonic information concerning route and task rules in order to direct behavior appropriately. Using simultaneous tetrode recordings from CA1 of the rat hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex, we show that correlated firing in the two structures is selectively enhanced during behavior that recruits spatial working memory, allowing the integration of hippocampal spatial information into a broader, decision-making network. The increased correlations are paralleled by enhanced coupling of the two structures in the 4- to 12-Hz theta-frequency range. Thus the coordination of theta rhythms may constitute a general mechanism through which the relative timing of disparate neural activities can be controlled, allowing specialized brain structures to both encode information independently and to interact selectively according to current behavioral demands.
Campagne égyptienne et problème du logement (1992)

Le courrier reçu attire mon attention sur ce problème. - Le régime locatif: inconnu en zone rurale. - Code civil et protection du locataire. - Évolution du mode de vie rural. - Le béton envahit les villages. - La loi "fissure" la société. Il y a encore quelques années, la campagne égyptienne était à l'abri des crises et du problème du logement : la plupart des habitations, en briques crues, n'avaient qu'un seul étage. En général, les habitants les avaient eux-mêmes construites, avec la collab...
Detection and relationships of cotton leaf curl virus and allied whitefly‐transmitted geminiviruses occurring in Pakistan (1997)

Summary. A stock culture of cotton leaf curl virus from Pakistan (CLCuV‐PK), was transmitted by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) to seven plant species, including French bean, okra, tobacco and tomato, and caused vein thickening and leaf curl symptoms. It was readily detected in triple antibody sandwich ELISA (TAS‐ELIS A) by 11 out of 31 monoclonal antibodies raised against the particles of three other geminiviruses: African cassava mosaic, Indian cassava mosaic and okra leaf curl viruses. Reaction strength was enhanced when the tissue extraction fluid contained sodium sulphite. Minor variations in epitope profile were found among virus isolates from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) collected from different districts in Pakistan over a 5‐year period. These epitope profiles were distinguishable from that of cotton leaf curl virus from G. barbadense in southern India but indistinguishable from the profiles of viruses causing yellow vein disease of okra in India or Pakistan, or leaf curl of okra {Abelmoschus esculentus), Hibiscus tiliaceus , radish or sunflower in Pakistan, suggesting that these plants are putative natural hosts of CLCuV‐PK. The viruses in cotton, and in okra with leaf curl or yellow vein symptoms, were also detected by PCR with three pairs of CLCuV‐PK‐specific primers. Five additional whitefly‐transmitted geminiviruses were found among isolates from 11 other naturally‐infected species in Pakistan, and were distinguished by their epitope profiles. These viruses were associated, respectively, with tobacco leaf curl, squash yellow blotch, tomato yellow leaf curl, watermelon leaf crinkle and soybean yellow mosaic diseases. The first four of these viruses were detected readily by PCR with geminivirus general primers but only weakly, if at all, with two pairs of CLCuV‐PK‐specific primers. Pakistani crops are infected with a range of distinguishable but relatively closely related whitefly‐transmitted geminiviruses, some of which resemble those found in India.
High-Temperature and High-Speed Performances of InGaAlAs-MQW DFB Lasers for 10-Gb/s Datacom Applications (2005)

A 1.3-μm InGaAlAs-MQW RWG DFB laser with low-resistance notch-free grating during operations of up to 12.5 Gb/s at 115°C was fully investigated. This performance was achieved by combining the high differential gain of the InGaAlAs MQW active layer, high characteristic temperature of RWG structures, and low-resistance notch-free grating. In addition, transmission over 30-km was achieved with the laser running at up to 115°C. These results confirm the suitability of this type of laser for use as a cost-effective light source in 10-Gb/s datacom applications.
Preparation and properties of polycarbonate/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) hybrid composites (2011)

Abstract Octaphenylsilsesquioxane (PH‐POSS) and octa(γ‐methacryloxypropyl)silsesquioxane (MA‐POSS) were successfully synthesized by hydrolytic condensation of phenyltrichlorosilane and γ‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), 1 H and 29 Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrum. Morphology, degradation behavior, thermal, and mechanical properties of hybrid composites were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), polarized optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), surface contact angle (SCA), tensile, and impact testing. Domains of PH‐POSS and MA‐POSS dispersed in the matrix with a wide size distribution in a range of 0.1–0.5 µm, while PH‐POSS exhibited a preferential dispersion. Because of the possible homopolymerization of MA‐POSS during the melt blending, the glass transition temperature of polycarbonate (PC)/MA‐POSS composites remained nearly unchanged with respect to PC/PH‐POSS composites that showed a depression of T g due to the plasticization effect. It is interesting to note that the incorporation of POSS retarded the degradation rates of PC composites and thus significantly improved the thermal stabilities. SiO fractions left during POSS degradations were a key factor governing the formation of a gel network layer on the exterior surface. This layer possessed more compact structures, higher thermal stabilities, and some thermal insulation. In addition, percentage residues at 700°C ( C 700 ) significantly increased from 10.8% to 15.8–22.1% in air. Fracture stress of two composites showed a slight improvement, and the impact strength of them decreased monotonically with the increase of POSS loading. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of random errors on the performance of antenna arrays of many elements (2005)

A theoretical statistical analysis is presented in which a study was performed to determine the effect of random current excitation errors upon the radiation characteristics of a two-dimensional array of identical radiators. A statistical model is developed and it is then argued that this model closely approximates the nature of the radiated electric field produced by an array of a large number of current elements, where the individual element currents are in error both in amplitude and phase. The analysis has been applied to the study of the following antenna characteristics: (1) maximum sidelobe level within a specified cone about the main beam, (2) maximum sidelobe level in the remainder of the half space outside the specified cone, and (3) beam pointing accuracy.
An Approach for Comparison of Architecture Level Change Impact Analysis Methods and Their Relevance in Web Systems Evolution (2009)

Change impact analysis (CIA) methods have been developed to identify the consequences of making changes to system artifacts and to support decision making with regards to that change. There is a growing body of research on CIA methods that specifically addresses changes and their impacts at a system architecture level. Most of the methods have been developed and validated on software system domain. However, there is little research consensus on: (i) the features that architectural CIA methods should comprehensively address; and (ii) which existing methods are comparatively suitable in a particular system domain such as Web systems. This paper presents a comparison approache that offer guidance on the selection of the most appropriate method for CIA activity and suitability of these methods in the context of Web systems.
Design and characterization of ionizing radiation-tolerant CMOS APS image sensors up to 30 Mrd (Si) total dose (2001)

An ionizing radiation-tolerant CMOS active pixel sensor (APS) image sensor test chip was designed employing the physical design techniques of enclosed geometry and P-channel guard rings. The test chip was fabricated in a standard 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS process that has a gate-oxide thickness of 7.0 nm. It was irradiated by a /spl gamma/-ray source up to a total ionizing radiation dose level of approximately 30 Mrd (Si) and was still functional. The most pronounced effect was the increase of dark current, which was linear with total dose level. The rate of dark current increase was about 1 to 2 pA/cm/sup 2//Krd (Si), depending on the design of the pixel. The results demonstrate that CMOS APS image sensors can be designed to be ionizing radiation tolerant to total dose levels up to 30 Mrd (Si). The fabrication process is standard CMOS, yielding a significant cost advantage over specialized radiation hard processes.
Preparation of polyethylene-g-(polyacrylic acid) and its sodium salt ionomer by in-situ chlorinating graft copolymerization (2011)

Abstract Acrylic acid (AA) was grafted firstly onto high density polyethylene (HDPE) by in-situ chlorinating graft copolymerization (ISCGC), so a graft copolymer composed of chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) as backbone and poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) as branched chains was synthesized. And subsequently the preparation of its carboxylated ionmers was studied. This work was focused on discussing the reaction process for grafting AA onto HDPE by ISCGC and the preparing of carboxylated ionmers of CPE. In this paper, the structure of graft copolymer and the ionomer were characterized mainly by FT-IR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and graft degree (GD). The influence factors which related to the main and side reactions, including the monomer concentration, chlorine contents of the product, and reaction temperature were investigated. Additionally, effects of these factors on reaction process controlling were described. The aim of above is to investigate how CPE-cg-PAA and its sodium-salt ionomer were prepared.
APPLICATIONS OF PANORAMIC IMAGES: FROM 720° PANORAMA TO INTERIOR 3D MODELS OF AUGMENTED REALITY (2015)

Abstract. A series of panoramic images are usually used to generate a 720° panorama image. Although panoramic images are typically used for establishing tour guiding systems, in this research, we demonstrate the potential of using panoramic images acquired from multiple sites to create not only 720° panorama, but also three-dimensional (3D) point clouds and 3D indoor models. Since 3D modeling is one of the goals of this research, the location of the panoramic sites needed to be carefully planned in order to maintain a robust result for close-range photogrammetry. After the images are acquired, panoramic images are processed into 720° panoramas, and these panoramas which can be used directly as panorama guiding systems or other applications. In addition to these straightforward applications, interior orientation parameters can also be estimated while generating 720° panorama. These parameters are focal length, principle point, and lens radial distortion. The panoramic images can then be processed with closerange photogrammetry procedures to extract the exterior orientation parameters and generate 3D point clouds. In this research, VisaulSFM, a structure from motion software is used to estimate the exterior orientation, and CMVS toolkit is used to generate 3D point clouds. Next, the 3D point clouds are used as references to create building interior models. In this research, Trimble Sketchup was used to build the model, and the 3D point cloud was added to the determining of locations of building objects using plane finding procedure. In the texturing process, the panorama images are used as the data source for creating model textures. This 3D indoor model was used as an Augmented Reality model replacing a guide map or a floor plan commonly used in an on-line touring guide system. The 3D indoor model generating procedure has been utilized in two research projects: a cultural heritage site at Kinmen, and Taipei Main Station pedestrian zone guidance and navigation system. The results presented in this paper demonstrate the potential of using panoramic images to generate 3D point clouds and 3D models. However, it is currently a manual and labor-intensive process. A research is being carried out to Increase the degree of automation of these procedures.
Application Level Proxies on Bridges (2008)

Filtering data transmitted over the Internet into a company's network for viruses, Trojans, worms and spam is an important part of a security concept to protect the local network from being taken over by attackers. Those filters are either implemented on the client, on a local network server or on a proxy system, depending on how the respective data is transmitted over the network. Where mail and file server are often locally installed, web servers are usually remote and require a proxy for filtering. A proxy however takes over communication for the client and thus might change important communication parameters such as the remote machine's identification when using SSL. We have developed several application level content filters running on bridges, i.e. ISO/OSI level 2 devices filtering ISO/OSI level 7 content. This papers gives an overview of our research and discusses advantages of application level filtering on bridges.
NLSdb: database of nuclear localization signals (2003)

NLSdb is a database of nuclear localization signals (NLSs) and of nuclear proteins. NLSs are short stretches of residues mediating transport of nuclear proteins into the nucleus. The database contains 114 experimentally determined NLSs that were obtained through an extensive literature search. Using 'in silico mutagenesis' this set was extended to 308 experimental and potential NLSs. This final set matched over 43% of all known nuclear proteins and matches no currently known non-nuclear protein. NLSdb contains over 6000 predicted nuclear proteins and their targeting signals from the PDB and SWISS-PROT/TrEMBL databases. The database also contains over 12 500 predicted nuclear proteins from six entirely sequenced eukaryotic proteomes (Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, Arabidopsis thaliana and Saccharomyces cerevisiae). NLS motifs often co-localize with DNA-binding regions. This observation was used to also annotate over 1500 DNA-binding proteins. NLSdb can be accessed via the web site: http://cubic.bioc.columbia.edu/db/NLSdb/.
[Prognostic significance of troponin T and MB creatine kinase elevations after percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with ischemic heart disease]. (2006)

Elevations of TnT , > or =0.03 ng/ml were noted in 55.5%, > or =0.1 ng/ml--in 21.9% of patients. Elevations of MB CK above upper limit of norm (ULN) were noted in 10.7% of patients. In 3 patients MB CK exceeded 3 ULN. Composite endpoint was registered in 53 patients (43.4%). There was no relation between any postprocedural elevation of MB CK and outcomes of follow-up. Levels of TnT between 0.03 and <0.1 hg/ml also were not related to prognosis. Post PCI TnT levels, > or =0.1 ng/ml were associated with significant worsening of prognosis during subsequent 6-12 months of follow-up.
Signalling of a step‐like intensity change of noxious mechanical stimuli by dorsal horn neurones in the rat spinal cord. (1991)

1. Single-unit extracellular recordings were made from thirty-one dorsal horn neurones in the sacral spinal cord of barbiturate-anaesthetized rats. Each neurone was tested with four noxious mechanical pinches applied to its receptive field on the tail. Each pinch lasted 120 s, with a step-like change in intensity after 60 s. In two pinches the step increased the intensity, from 4 to 6 N or from 6 to 8 N, and in two the step decreased the intensity, from 8 to 6 N or from 6 to 4 N. 2. The ability of the neurones to signal these step changes in intensity was examined. Five neurones with an exclusively low-threshold afferent input (class 1) were tested, and found to fire only briefly at the start of the 120 s stimulus. Neurones with a high-threshold input (nociceptive neurones), either exclusively (class 3; n = 10) or in addition to a low-threshold input (class 2: n = 16), responded throughout the 120 s stimuli. 3. Nociceptive dorsal horn neurones have been divided into two groups of 'good' and 'poor' encoders on the basis of their response to the step changes in intensity. 4. 'Good' encoders (n = 13) were neurones signalling both a step increase and a step decrease in intensity, of which seven were class 2 and six class 3, five recorded in the superficial dorsal horn and eight in the deep dorsal horn. 5. 'Poor' encoders (n = 13) were neurones which failed to signal one or both of the step changes in intensity, of which nine were class 2 and four class 3, three recorded in the superficial dorsal horn and ten in the deep dorsal horn. 6. These results demonstrate that neurones with similar input properties and location are not necessarily a homogeneous group in terms of their processing of nociceptive stimuli. Moreover, they suggest that subgroups of both class 2 and class 3 and of superficial and deep dorsal horn neurones contribute to the different components of a nociceptive response. 7. We propose that the output and projection target of a particular dorsal horn neurone are more important than its afferent input in determining its role in nociceptive processing.
Regulation of Cholesterol Metabolism (1970)

Absorption of Cholesterol Mechanisms of cholesterol absorption. The second source of cholesterol entering the miscible pools is dietary or exogenous cholesterol. The essential features of the process whereby dietary cholesterol is absorbed and eventually reaches the circulation is shown diagrammatically in Figure 9.6 Cholesterol within the intestinal lumen consists of a mixture of free and esterified cholesterol of both exogenous (dietary) and endogenous origin, the latter being derived chiefly from sterols reaching the intestinal lumen in bile and other intestinal secretions and from desquamation of mucosal cells. In the presence of pancreatic cholesterol esterase and bile acid, cholesterol esters are hydrolized . . .
Artist as Purveyor of Meanings: Notes, Proposition and Reprise (2020)

This essay is based on the author’s thoughts and notes taken over the years as an art practitioner. It is driven by referencing various texts on art theory, philosophy and criticism. Importantly it is influenced by the author’s own practice as an artist and artistic idea (gnosis). By adapting the notion of the artist as “purveyor of meanings"–the text discusses learning as a syncretic idea build on explorative intuition (and reaction) towards exposure to disparate type, style and approach of art forms. Notably, the discussion is presented in a performative manner by writing to ask, “What do I do as an artist?” instead of the expected probing of wondering what art is
Phenology of high-elevation pelagic bacteria: the roles of meteorologic variability, catchment inputs and thermal stratification in structuring communities (2008)

Many eukaryotic communities exhibit predictable seasonality in species composition, but such phenological patterns are not well-documented in bacterial communities. This study quantified seasonal variation in the community composition of bacterioplankton in a high-elevation lake in the Sierra Nevada of California over a 3-year period of 2004-2006. Bacterioplankton exhibited consistent phenological patterns, with distinct, interannually recurring community types characteristic of the spring snowmelt, ice-off and fall-overturn periods in the lake. Thermal stratification was associated with the emergence of specific communities each summer and increased community heterogeneity throughout the water column. Two key environmental variables modulated by regional meteorologic variation, lake residence time and thermal stability, predicted the timing of occurrence of community types each year with 75% accuracy, and each corresponded with different aspects of variation in community composition (orthogonal ordination axes). Seasonal variation in dissolved organic matter source was characterized fluorometrically in 2005 and was highly correlated with overall variation in bacterial community structure (r(Mantel)=0.75, P<0.001) and with the relative contributions of specific phylotypes within the Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria and beta-Proteobacteria. The seasonal dynamics of bacterial clades (tracked through coupling of randomized clone sequence libraries to restriction fragment length polymorphism fingerprints) matched previous results from alpine lakes and were variously related to solute inputs, thermal stability and temperature. Taken together, these results describe a phenology of high-elevation bacterioplankton communities linked to climate-driven physical and chemical lake characteristics already known to regulate eukaryotic plankton community structure.
Cure kinetics of epoxy/anhydride thermosetting matrix systems (1990)

Abstract The kinetics of bisphenol‐A diglycidyl ether epoxy (DGEBA) cured with trimellitic anhydride (TMA) were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and FT‐IR under isothermal temperatures in the range of 100–200°C. The effects of an onium salt catalyst and styrene monomer (a reactive diluent additive) on cure kinetics of the DGEBA/TMA resin systems were also investigated. For the uncatalyzed DGEBA/TMA system, the reaction was found to be second order up to a fractional conversion of 0.8, where a diffusion‐limited reaction regime was observed as the matrix gelled. The apparent activation energy was calculated to be 11.3 kcal/mol. The cure reaction of the catalyzed DGEBA/TMA system was found to be second order up to a fractional conversion of 0.3 and first order thereafter. The apparent activation energy of the catalyzed resin system was calculated to be 12.3 kcal/mol. In the FT‐IR investigation, it was discovered that the KBr powder catalyzed the cure reaction. Additionally, the styrene component in the styrene‐DGEBA/TMA resin system polymerized independently in the later stage of the cure reaction of the epoxy component. Therefore, the styrene monomer had little effect on the kinetics of cure reaction of the epoxy system.
4D-1 A 6-Port Film Bulk Acoustic Resonator (FBAR) Multiplexer for U.S. CDMA Handsets Permitting use of PCS, Cellband, and GPS with a Single Antenna (2006)

A 5 mm times 8 mm times 1.2 mm module uses a simple L-C matching network to impedance match U.S. PCS (1900 MHz) and cellband (800 MHz) film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) duplexers with an FBAR GPS filter to a single antenna. This multiplexer approach eliminates a switch and typically provides -1 dB better insertion loss than the performance obtained from assembling discrete surface acoustic wave (SAW) duplexers and a diplexer while shrinking the required footprint on the handset PCB by about 4times. Typical handset sensitivity is about -110 dBm at the PCS band and slightly better at cellband frequencies. This also enables the use of an internal antenna and smaller form-factor handsets. This is the first report of such a CDMA antenna "quintplexer" for handsets to our knowledge