gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Pyridinium Alkaloids from a Marine Sponge of the Genus<i>Spongia</i>with a Human Phospholipase A<sub>2</sub>Inhibitor Profile (2000)

Four new bioactive pyridinium alkaloids, named spongidines A-D (5-8), have been isolated from a Vanuatu sponge of the genus Spongia, together with known petrosaspongiolides D (1) and G (2). Compounds 3 and 4 are 21-hydroxy derivatives of petrosaspongiolides K and P. Structure elucidation was accomplished through extensive 2D NMR experiments (COSY, ROESY, HMBC, HMQC) and IR, UV, and FABMS data. All compounds significantly inhibited human synovial phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) at 10 microM, with an IC(50) value of 5.8 microM for compound 4, which is the most potent inhibitor, with a higher selectivity toward this enzyme than the reference inhibitor manoalide. Pyridinium alkaloids (5-8) mainly inhibited human synovial PLA(2). Compound 8, which contains a sulfonic acid group, is the most interesting inhibitor.
Contract W911NF-04-D-0004 (University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill) (2011)

Abstract : The use of dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry to discover, new synthetic receptors is fledgling and its rules remain to be established. This work has articulated how important molecular recognition elements such as h-bonding, aromatic interactions, and especially C-H pi interactions can control how both small molecules and large molecules interact in a recognition scenario.
ChemInform Abstract: ENONE TRANSPOSITION IN PROSTAGLANDINS ‐ USEFUL SEQUENCE FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF 13‐HYDROXYPROSTANOIC ACID ANALOGS (1975)

Abstract Im Zusammenhang mit der Untersuchung von Prostaglandinen mit Magensekrethemmender Wirkung werden verschiedene derartige Verbindungen hergestellt.
Synthesis and characterization of L-tartrato chromate(III) complexes with acetylacetonate ions (1992)

Two acetylacetonato L-tartrato complexes, mononuclear [Cr(acac)2(Htart)]2– and dinuclear [Cr2(acac)2{(tart)2H}]3– where tart = C4H2O64–, were synthesised and characterized by CD or 2H NMR and/or FAB mass spectroscopy. The former complex was found to be the first example to contain bidentate tartrato-O2,O3 bound through the alkoxo and hydroxyl oxygen atoms. The latter complex has a dinuclear structure bridged by two tetradentate tartrato-O1,O2 ligands with a Δ–Δ absolute configuration. The stereo specificity or -selectivity and magnetic behaviour were examined in comparison with analogous complexes.
Feature Selection via Mathematic Programming (1997)

The problem of discriminating between two finite point sets in n-dimensional feature space by a separating plane that utilizes as few of the features as possible, is formulated as a mathematical program with a parametric objective function and linear constraints. The step function that appears in the objective function can be approximated by a sigmoid or by a concave exponential on the nonnegative real line, or it can be treated exactly by considering the equivalent linear program with equilibrium constraints (LPEC). Computational tests of these three approaches on publicly available real-world databases have been carried out and compared with an adaptation of the optimal brain damage (OBD) method for reducing neural network complexity. One feature selection algorithm via concave minimization (FSV) reduced cross-validation error on a cancer prognosis database by 35.4% while reducing problem features from 32 to 4.
Exploiting space diversity and Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling in multiplane Network-on-Chips (2012)

Network-on-Chips (NoCs) have been proposed as a scalable solution to interconnect multiple components on a silicon chip. In this paper, we approach NoCs power optimization through Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) under the hypothesis that two NoC planes are available, each with a different voltage supply and clock frequency. We show the high potential benefit of applying DVFS independently in each plane. We propose three strategies that allocate the traffic in the two planes to minimize power consumption. We evaluate them through a comparison with an ideal traffic allocation policy based on a linear programming technique. We show that load balancing in the two planes is not always the best policy. Indeed, in an unbalanced traffic scenario, concentrating the high-load flows in one plane and the remaining low-load flows in the other plane, is more power efficient.
Assessing natural variations in gene expression in humans by comparing with monozygotic twins using microarrays (2005)

Quantitative variation in gene expression in humans is the outcome of various factors, including differences in genetic background, gender, age, and environment. However, the extent of the influence of these factors on gene expression is not clear. We attempted to address this issue by carrying out gene expression profiling in blood leukocytes with 13 individuals (including 5 pairs of monozygotic twins) on 10,000 genes using HG-U95Av2 oligonucleotide microarrays. The proportion of differentially expressed genes between monozygotic twins was low (up to 1.76%). Most of the variations belonged to the least variable category. These genes, exhibiting "random variations," did not show clear preference to any functional class, although "signaling and communication" and "immune and related functions" generally topped the list. The extent of variation in gene expression increased in comparisons between unrelated individuals (up to 14.13%). Most of the genes (89%) exhibiting random variations in twins also varied in expression in unrelated individuals. As with twins, signaling and communication topped the list, and substantial variations were observed in all three categories: least variable, moderately variable, and most variable. An important outcome of this study was that the housekeeping genes were nearly insensitive to random variations but appeared to be more susceptible to genetic differences. However, the highly expressed housekeeping genes exhibited low variation and appeared to be insensitive to all known factors. Gene expression profiling in monozygotic twins can provide useful data for the assessment of natural variation in gene expression in humans.
High‐resolution MR‐imaging of the liver with T2‐weighted sequences using integrated parallel imaging: Comparison of prospective motion correction and respiratory triggering (2004)

T2-weighted fast imaging with iPAT is feasible and results in high-quality images within a short acquisition time. Overall image quality is not negatively affected by iPAT.
Single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping on optical thin-film biosensor chips (2003)

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) constitute the bulk of human genetic variation and provide excellent markers to identify genetic factors contributing to complex disease susceptibility. A rapid, sensitive, and inexpensive assay is important for large-scale SNP scoring. Here we report the development of a multiplex SNP detection system using silicon chips coated to create a thin-film optical biosensor. Allele-discriminating, aldehyde-labeled oligonucleotides are arrayed and covalently attached to a hydrazinederivatized chip surface. Target sequences (e.g., PCR amplicons) then are hybridized in the presence of a mixture of biotinylated detector probes, one for each SNP, and a thermostable DNA ligase. After a stringent wash (0.01 M NaOH), ligation of biotinylated detector probes to perfectly matched capture oligomers is visualized as a color change on the chip surface (gold to blue/purple) after brief incubations with an anti-biotin IgG-horseradish peroxidase conjugate and a precipitable horseradish peroxidase substrate. Testing of PCR fragments is completed in 30-40 min. Up to several hundred SNPs can be assayed on a 36-mm2 chip, and SNP scoring can be done by eye or with a simple digital-camera system. This assay is extremely robust, exhibits high sensitivity and specificity, and is format-flexible and economical. In studies of mutations associated with risk for venous thrombosis and genotyping/haplotyping of African-American samples, we document high-fidelity analysis with 0 misassignments in 500 assays performed in duplicate.
Localization of the pig luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor gene (LHCGR) by radioactive and nonradioactive in situ hybridization (1992)

The porcine gene for luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) was localized to chromosome 3q2.2----q2.3 using radioactive and nonradioactive in situ hybridization. A computer-assisted image-analysis system was developed which facilitated detection of the position of silver grains and fluorescent spots on the chromosomes after in situ hybridization. Compared with autoradiographic visualization, the nonisotopic procedure proved to be more rapid, precise, and highly specific; however, nonradiographic in situ hybridization was much less efficient than the autoradiographic technique for the detection of unique DNA sequences with small probes. From these results and published gene-mapping data, it was concluded that the synteny between LHCGR and MDH1 observed in man is conserved in the pig genome.
Measurements of the total-cross-section difference Δσ L(np) at 1.39, 1.69, 1.89, and 1.99 GeV (2005)

New accurate data of the neutron-proton spin-dependent total-cross-section difference Δσ L(np) at the neutron-beam kinetic energies 1.39, 1.69, 1.89, and 1.99 GeV are presented. In general, these data complete the measurements of energy dependence of Δσ L(np) over the Dubna Synchrophasotron energy region. Measurements were carried out at the Synchrophasotron of the Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High Energies of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. The quasi-monochromatic neutron beam was produced by breakup of extracted polarized deuterons. The deuteron (and hence neutron) polarization direction was flipped every accelerator burst. The initial transverse (with respect to beam momentum) neutron polarization was changed to a longitudinal one and longitudinally polarized neutrons were transmitted through the large proton longitudinally polarized target. The target polarization direction was inverted after one to two days of measurements. Four different combinations of the beam and target parallel and antiparallel polarization directions, both oriented along the neutron-beam momentum, were used at each energy. A fast decrease in −Δσ L(np) with increasing energy above 1.1 GeV and a structure in the energy dependence around 1.8 GeV, first observed from our previous data, seem to be well revealed. The new results are also compared with model predictions and with phase-shift analysis fits. The Δσ L quantities for isosinglet state I = 0, deduced from the measured Δσ L(np) values and known Δσ L(pp) data, are also given. The results of the measurements of unpolarized total cross sections σ 0tot(np) at 1.3, 1.4, and 1.5 GeV and σ 0tot(nC) at 1.4 and 1.5 GeV are presented as well. These data were obtained using the same apparatus and high-intensity unpolarized deuteron beams extracted either from the Synchrophasotron or from the Nuclotron.
Studies on development of highly nutritional fish meat for food stuff - II. Gel forming ability of highly nutritional fish meat for food stuff from sardine. (1989)

A new type fish meat for food stuff, tentatively named highly nutritional fish meat (NHFM), was processed from sardines by adopting a high-speed centrifugation of ground meat suspended in a small volume of alkaline solution. The gel-forming ability of HNFM was compared with that of ordinary surimi made from the same lot. HNFM was ground with 3% NaCl and submitted to the suwari process at 30°C for 90 min, then the material was heated at 90°C for 30min. Breaking strength and breaking strain of kamaboko thus obtained were measured with a rheometer; the whiteness was evaluated with a chromatic meter.The gelling properties of kamaboko formed from HNFM were superior to those from the ordinary surimi, i.e. breaking strength of the former ranging from 800 to 1, 000g was as much as 30% greater than that of the later, breaking strain was 12-13mm, and the whiteness was as high as 20%. The gel-forming ability of HNFM tended to reduced with an increase of its lipid content.
Nonlinear signal processing in the complex domain and higher dimensions (2005)

This dissertation is an attempt to bridge this gap and provide a framework for nonlinear signal processing to thrive in the complex domain. 
The weighted median is first extended onto the complex domain by applying the “phase coupling” technique, according to which the complex weights have two roles: their phases are used to rotate original samples in the complex plane, whilst their magnitudes are used to emphasize or de-emphasize these modified samples just as in real signal space. As a result, phase-coupled complex weighted median and its suboptimal implementation marginal phase-coupled complex weighted median are defined based on this powerful concept. Constructed on complex threshold decomposition and the so-called complex differentiation operators, without which the regular rigorous complex differentiation methods will lead us to no solutions at all, the optimal filter design for marginal phase-coupled complex WM is formulated. 
A complete package of complex myriad tools are developed following a similar process, where complex weighted myriad filters are defined once again by applying phase coupling. Unlike medians, myriads need extra effort in finding their fast computation and their optimization, due to their complicated structures. This is solved by exploiting the local minima properties of the myriad objective function. Later, combining the constant modulus criterion the myriad structure is fused into the blind equalization problem, creating a robust blind equalizer against impulsive noise encountered in communication channels. Two variations of the myriad equalizer are introduced to reduce the computation complexity based on a novel impulsiveness index—the running kurtosis. 
In multichannel signal processing, linear approaches also suffer from impulsive degradation. A close examination on the multivariate Gaussian model indicates that, the popular weighted vector median is in fact cross-channel blind, in that it can not fully exploit the cross-channel information. Moreover, we learned that the structure of the correlation matrix in the model determines the best filtering architecture. Hence two novel multichannel filtering structures are proposed under this notion, making them best matches in structure for different signal correlation scenarios. We then go one step further by making each channel complex. The optimization for all these filters are included, and they are tested through a series of simulations in an array processing setup. 
Robust correlation estimates are crucial to frequency estimation in array processing, delay estimation in speech processing etc., since these applications are known for their impulsive environments. We show that the Maximum Likelihood estimates of location under the Laplacian model and the Cauchy model, which form the basis for weighted median filters and weighted myriad filters respectively, can be generalized to correlation estimates. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Cystic Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (2012)

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) are typically solid neoplasms but in rare instances may present as cystic lesions. This unusual presentation can make clinical diagnosis challenging. In addition, the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of cystic PanNETs are poorly defined. We identified 53 cystic PanNETs in our single-institution experience of 491 surgically resected PanNETs. Similar to solid PanNETs, cystic PanNETs developed with an equal sex distribution and over a wide age range (23 to 91 y; mean, 52 y). The unusual cystic appearance made radiologic differentiation from other cystic pancreatic neoplasms difficult with a misdiagnosis in 23 of 53 (43%) cases. An association between cystic PanNETs and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or multifocal disease [5 of 53 (9%) and 7 of 53 (13%), respectively] was not observed as compared with solid PanNETs (P=0.34 and P=0.31, respectively). Grossly, cystic PanNETs were predominantly located in the tail of the pancreas (n=28, 53%) and were similar in size (mean, 3.3 cm) to solid PanNETs (mean, 4.1 cm; P=0.12). All cysts were unilocular (n=53, 100%) and filled with clear to straw-colored fluid. Larger cysts were sometimes noted to be hemorrhagic. Histologically, the cysts were lined by a thin fibrous band that separated the cyst from the neoplastic cells. In comparison with their solid counterparts, cystic PanNETs were less likely to demonstrate tumor necrosis (6%; P=0.04), perineural invasion (8%; P<0.001), vascular invasion (4%; P<0.001), regional lymph node metastasis (13%; P<0.001), and synchronous distant metastasis (4%; P=0.015). The neoplastic cells of the cystic PanNETs were well differentiated (n=53, 100%) with a low mitotic rate and low Ki-67 proliferation index (range, 0.2% to 11%; mean, 1.8%). On the basis of both the American Joint Cancer Committee and European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society staging systems, the majority of cystic PanNETs presented at a lower pathologic stage as compared with solid PanNETs. In summary, cystic PanNETs are a distinctive subgroup of PanNETs with unique clinical, radiographic, and pathologic features.
Advanced Computational Infrastructures for Parallel and Distributed Applications (2009)

A unique investigation of the state of the art in design, architectures, and implementations of advanced computational infrastructures and the applications they support Emerging large-scale adaptive scientific and engineering applications are requiring an increasing amount of computing and storage resources to provide new insights into complex systems. Due to their runtime adaptivity, these applications exhibit complicated behaviors that are highly dynamic, heterogeneous, and unpredictableand therefore require full-fledged computational infrastructure support for problem solving, runtime management, and dynamic partitioning/balancing. This book presents a comprehensive study of the design, architecture, and implementation of advanced computational infrastructures as well as the adaptive applications developed and deployed using these infrastructures from different perspectives, including system architects, software engineers, computational scientists, and application scientists. Providing insights into recent research efforts and projects, the authors include descriptions and experiences pertaining to the realistic modeling of adaptive applications on parallel and distributed systems. The first part of the book focuses on high-performance adaptive scientific applications and includes chapters that describe high-impact, real-world application scenarios in order to motivate the need for advanced computational engines as well as to outline their requirements. The second part identifies popular and widely used adaptive computational infrastructures. The third part focuses on the more specific partitioning and runtime management schemes underlying these computational toolkits. Presents representative problem-solving environments and infrastructures, runtime management strategies, partitioning and decomposition methods, and adaptive and dynamic applications Provides a unique collection of selected solutions and infrastructures that have significant impact with sufficient introductory materials Includes descriptions and experiences pertaining to the realistic modeling of adaptive applications on parallel and distributed systems The cross-disciplinary approach of this reference delivers a comprehensive discussion of the requirements, design challenges, underlying design philosophies, architectures, and implementation/deployment details of advanced computational infrastructures. It makes it a valuable resource for advanced courses in computational science and software/systems engineering for senior undergraduate and graduate students, as well as for computational and computer scientists, software developers, and other industry professionals.
Multivariate analysis of mainstream tobacco smoke particulate phase by headspace solid-phase micro extraction coupled with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (2014)

A method involving headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) was developed and applied to evaluate profiles of volatile compounds present in mainstream tobacco smoke particulate matter trapped on glass fiber filters. Six SPME fibers were tested for the extraction capacities toward selected compounds, showing the best results for the polyacrylate fiber. The optimization of the extraction conditions was carried out using multivariate response surface methodology. Two cigarette types differing in a filter design were analyzed using optimized conditions. A template was built in order to generate comprehensive chemical information, which conceded obtaining consistent information across 24 chromatograms. Principal component analysis (PCA) allowed a clear differentiation of the studied cigarette types. Fisher ratio analysis allowed identification of compounds responsible for the chemical differences between the cigarette samples. Of the selected 143 most important ones, 134 analytes were reduced by the active carbon filter, while for nine, classical cellulose acetate filter was more efficient.
Machine tool optimization strategies for ecologic and economic efficiency (2013)

ISSN:0954-4054
A Novel Enantioselective (2<i>Z</i>)-Alk-2-enylation of Aldehydes via an Allyl-Transfer Reaction from Chiral Allyl Donors Prepared from (+)-Isomenthone (2004)

A highly enantioselective (2Z)-alk-2-enylation of aldehydes was successfully achieved by an allyl-transfer reaction from a chiral allyl donor, which was easily obtained by separation of a diastereomeric mixture of the corresponding homoallylic alcohol gamma-adducts derived from (+)-isomenthone with alk-2-enylmagnesium chloride. [reaction: see text]
Development of Navi-Robot, a New Assistant for the Orthopaedic Surgical Room (2007)

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A Molecular Mechanism for Stress Corrosion in Vitreous Silica (1983)

The mechanical strength of most glasses and ceramics decreases with time under static loading in an ambient environment. This strength loss is associated with slow growth of preexisting surface flaws due to stress corrosion by water from the surrounding environment. We studied stress corrosion in vitreous silica exposed to water and several nonaqueous environments; environments which enhance stress‐corrosion crack growth in silica contain active groups with electron donor sites on one end and proton donor sites at the other. These results suggest a detailed chemical model for the interaction of the environment with mechanically strained bonds in the solid at the tip of a crack. The proposed model for stress‐corrosion crack growth also has implications for the long‐term strength behavior of a wide variety of brittle materials.