gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure formation by the fifth force: Segregation of baryons and dark matter (2010)

In this paper we present the results of $N$-body simulations with a scalar field coupled differently to cold dark matter (CDM) and baryons. The scalar field potential and coupling function are chosen such that the scalar field acquires a heavy mass in regions with high CDM density and thus behaves like a chameleon. We focus on how the existence of the scalar field affects the formation of nonlinear large-scale structures, and how the different couplings of the scalar field to baryons and CDM particles lead to different distributions and evolutions for these two matter species, both on large scales and inside virialized halos. As expected, the baryon-CDM segregation increases in regions where the fifth force is strong, and little segregation in dense regions. We also introduce an approximation method to identify the virialized halos in coupled scalar field models which takes into account the scalar field coupling and which is easy to implement numerically. It is found that the chameleon nature of the scalar field makes the internal density profiles of halos dependent on the environment in a very nontrivial way.
Perindopril Reduces Blood Pressure but Not Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients With Recent Cerebral Ischemic Stroke (1997)

Perindopril was well tolerated and effectively reduced blood pressure without reducing carotid territory blood flow in patients with symptoms of recent cerebral ischemia.
Evaluation of Machine Learning Methods for Natural Language Processing Tasks (2002)

We show that the methodology currently in use for comparing symbolic supervised learning methods applied to human language technology tasks is unreliable. We show that the interaction between algorithm parameter settings and feature selection within a single algorithm often accounts for a higher variation in results than differences between different algorithms or information sources. We illustrate this with experiments on a number of linguistic datasets. The consequences of this phenomenon are far-reaching, and we discuss possible solutions to this methodological problem.
pH-dependent binding of KDEL to its receptor in vitro. (1993)

The erd2 protein is the receptor responsible for recycling proteins bearing the carboxyl-terminal sequence KDEL (single-letter amino acid code) to the endoplasmic reticulum, following their loss from that organelle by the process of forward transport. To study the interaction of erd2p with the sequence KDEL we have reconstituted binding of erd2p to its ligand in vitro. Binding in vitro exhibits the same sequence specificity as retention of lumenal proteins in vivo and is strikingly sensitive to pH. Our results raise the possibility that erd2p-mediated sorting of lumenal endoplasmic reticulum proteins is facilitated by the pH differences between compartments of the secretory pathway.
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF PROTEUS MIRABILIS PR CATALASE WITH AND WITHOUT BOUND NADPH (1995)

International audience
Fast light in silicon ring resonator with resonance-splitting (2009)

We report experimental demonstration of fast light in an over-coupled ultra-compact silicon ring resonator with resonance-splitting. Strong mutual-coupling induced by the grating inside the ring leads to split resonances and accompanying large anomalous dispersion, thus providing a new approach to realizing fast light in the over-coupled region of the ring resonator. In the experiment, a maximum pulse advancement of 130 ps with low distortion is achieved for a 1-ns signal pulse in a 10-mum-radius silicon ring resonator. The observed pulse advancement agrees well with the theoretical calculation based on coupled mode theory.
Meaning, Translation and Ontology (1979)

W. V. Quine's 'Two Dogmas of Empiricism'1 is generally admitted to be one of the most important philosophical articles published this century. It is nominally, as the title suggests, an attack on empiricism. The 'two dogmas' which the paper attacks are, first, reductionism: 'the belief that each meaningful statement is equivalent to some logical construction upon terms which refer to immediate experience';2 and, secondly the belief that there is a clear distinction to be drawn between analytic truths, which are true in virtue of the meanings of the expressions employed in stating them, and synthetic truths, which are true, if at all, because some matter of fact is the case. But the hostility to empiricism is more apparent than real. Elsewhere Quine speaks of 'two cardinal tenets of empiricism' as remaining 'unassailable… to this day'.3 The two cardinal tenets, as distinct from the two dogmas, are (1) that 'whatever evidence there is for science is sensory evidence',4 and (2) that 'all inculcation of meanings of words must rest ultimately on sensory evidence'.5
A Global Optimization Approach to Multi-Polarity Sentiment Analysis (2015)

Following the rapid development of social media, sentiment analysis has become an important social media mining technique. The performance of automatic sentiment analysis primarily depends on feature selection and sentiment classification. While information gain (IG) and support vector machines (SVM) are two important techniques, few studies have optimized both approaches in sentiment analysis. The effectiveness of applying a global optimization approach to sentiment analysis remains unclear. We propose a global optimization-based sentiment analysis (PSOGO-Senti) approach to improve sentiment analysis with IG for feature selection and SVM as the learning engine. The PSOGO-Senti approach utilizes a particle swarm optimization algorithm to obtain a global optimal combination of feature dimensions and parameters in the SVM. We evaluate the PSOGO-Senti model on two datasets from different fields. The experimental results showed that the PSOGO-Senti model can improve binary and multi-polarity Chinese sentiment analysis. We compared the optimal feature subset selected by PSOGO-Senti with the features in the sentiment dictionary. The results of this comparison indicated that PSOGO-Senti can effectively remove redundant and noisy features and can select a domain-specific feature subset with a higher-explanatory power for a particular sentiment analysis task. The experimental results showed that the PSOGO-Senti approach is effective and robust for sentiment analysis tasks in different domains. By comparing the improvements of two-polarity, three-polarity and five-polarity sentiment analysis results, we found that the five-polarity sentiment analysis delivered the largest improvement. The improvement of the two-polarity sentiment analysis was the smallest. We conclude that the PSOGO-Senti achieves higher improvement for a more complicated sentiment analysis task. We also compared the results of PSOGO-Senti with those of the genetic algorithm (GA) and grid search method. From the results of this comparison, we found that PSOGO-Senti is more suitable for improving a difficult multi-polarity sentiment analysis problem.
Characterization of α-Crystallin-Plasma Membrane Binding (2000)

Alpha-crystallin, a large lenticular protein complex made up of two related subunits (alphaA- and alphaB-crystallin), is known to associate increasingly with fiber cell plasma membranes with age and/or the onset of cataract. To understand better the binding mechanism, we developed a sensitive membrane binding assay using lens plasma membranes and recombinant human alphaA- and alphaB-crystallins conjugated to a small fluorescent tag (Alexa350). Both alphaA and alphaB homopolymer complexes, as well as a reconstituted 3:1 heteromeric complex, bind to lens membranes in a specific, saturable, and partially irreversible manner that is sensitive to both time and temperature. The amount of alpha-crystallin that binds to the membrane increases under acidic pH conditions and upon removal of exposed intrinsic membrane protein domains but is not affected at high ionic strength, suggesting that alpha-crystallin binds to the fiber cell plasma membranes mainly through hydrophobic interactions. The binding capacity and affinity for the reconstituted 3:1 heteromeric complex were measured to be 3. 45 +/- 0.11 ng/microg of membrane and 4.57 +/- 0.50 x 10(-4) microg(-1) of membrane, respectively. The present membrane binding data support the hypothesis that the physical properties of a mixed alpha-crystallin complex may hold particular relevance for the function of alpha-crystallin within the lens.
Genetic algorithms in optimization of system reliability (1995)

After initial production, improvements are often made to components of a system, to upgrade system performance; for example, when designing a later version or release. This paper presents an optimization model that identifies the types of component improvements and the level of effort spent on those improvements to maximize one or more performance measures (e.g., system reliability or availability) subject to constraints (e.g., cost) in the presence of uncertainty about the component failure rates. For each component failure mode, some possible improvements are identified along with their cost and the resulting improvement in failure rates for that failure mode. The objective function is defined as a stochastic function of the performance measure of interest-in this case, 5/sup th/ percentile of the mean time-between-failure distribution. The problem formulation is combinatorial and stochastic. Genetic algorithms are used as the solution method. Our approach is demonstrated on a case study of a personal computer system. Results and comparison with enumeration of the configuration space show that genetic algorithms perform very favorably in the face of noise in the output: they are able to find the optimum over a complicated, high dimensional, nonlinear space in a tiny fraction of the time required for enumeration. The integration of genetic algorithm optimization capabilities with reliability analysis can provide a robust, powerful design-for-reliability tool.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Performance of a Modified Virtual Impactor (1986)

The performance of a modified virtual impactor with a clean air core in the center of an aerosol flow is described. With this feature, the modified virtual impactor has overcome the inherent disadvantage of conventional designs which have fine particle contamination in the coarse particle fraction. Furthermore, the separation efficiency of this impactor can be predicted from the efficiency curve of the conventional type virtual impactor and the ratio of clean air flow to the total flow rate. With a higher clean air flow, the 50% cutoff Stokes number slightly increases and the efficiency curve has better separation characteristics. Internal wall losses in the impactor are a function of particle size and reach a local maximum near the 50% cutoff size.
Tolerance to Chemotherapy in Elderly Patients with Cancer (2007)

Decision making in elderly cancer patients should be based on the results of a geriatric assessment. Patients with few or no limitations should be treated as younger patients are treated. Data with a high level of evidence are unavailable for patients showing moderate or severe limitations in a geriatric assessment.
The Public Trust And Air Quality (2010)

As we approach the fortieth anniversary of the Clean Air Act, it is worthwhile to review the basic philosophical underpinnings that place limits on private ownership for the public good. This presentation will examine the Public Trust Doctrine, which dates back to the time of the Emperor Justinian, in relationship to protecting the public from the harmful effects of air pollution. It will focus on issues that have emerged since the 1970 Clean Air Act, such as exposures to environmental tobacco smoke. It will also focus localized situations in which significant exposures can occur in the surrounding population, such as the emerging health threat of outdoor wood boilers. A central concern in all these instances is what the primary responsibility of government should be as the keeper of the public trust.
Transferred-substrate HBTs with 254 GHz <i>f</i> <sub>τ</sub> (1999)

The authors report the simultaneous achievement of record current gain cutoff frequency f/sub /spl tau// and high power gain cutoff frequency f/sub max/ in a transferred-substrate HBT. The device parasitics are examined, and inferences made about the relative value of various approaches toward further improvements in f/sub /spl tau// and f/sub max/. Transferred-substrate HBTs with record f/sub /spl tau// of 254 GHz are reported.
The Long and the Short of It: Relational Memory Impairments in Amnesia, Even at Short Lags (2006)

Classic studies of amnesia led to characterizations of hippocampal function emphasizing involvement in long-term memory rather than short-term (or working) memory. In two experiments, we show that when memory for relations among co-occurring items is tested, hippocampal amnesia results in a deficit even at very short lags. Hence, we find evidence for hippocampal involvement in relational memory, even at short lags normally considered the province of working memory.
G-NetMon: A GPU-accelerated Network Performance Monitoring System (2011)

At Fermilab, we have prototyped a GPU-accelerated network performance monitoring system, called G-NetMon, to support large-scale scientific collaborations. In this work, we explore new opportunities in network traffic monitoring and analysis with GPUs. Our system exploits the data parallelism that exists within network flow data to provide fast analysis of bulk data movement between Fermilab and collaboration sites. Experiments demonstrate that our G-NetMon can rapidly detect sub-optimal bulk data movements.
Diatomáceas como potencial ferramenta para reconstituições paleoecológicas (2012)

As diatomáceas são algas unicelulares que abundam tanto em águas doces como salgadas. Este trabalho mostra que as associações de diatomáceas presentes ao longo de um perfil de sapal, junto à foz do rio Guadiana, são sensíveis a vários parâmetros ambientais. Desta forma, confirma‑se o seu potencial como indicador para reconstruções paleoecológicas em estuários, especialmente no que diz respeito a variações do nível médio do mar, como as ocorridas desde a última transgressão posglacial.
Get out the vote: Determining support or opposition from Congressional floor-debate transcripts (2006)

We investigate whether one can determine from the transcripts of U.S. Congressional floor debates whether the speeches represent support of or opposition to proposed legislation. To address this problem, we exploit the fact that these speeches occur as part of a discussion; this allows us to use sources of information regarding relationships between discourse segments, such as whether a given utterance indicates agreement with the opinion expressed by another. We find that the incorporation of such information yields substantial improvements over classifying speeches in isolation.
Modeling the self-sustained discharge-excited XeCl laser in two dimensions (1992)

A new two-dimensional model for transverse discharge-excited gas lasers is described. The model can compute accurate electric fields for complex geometries. This facility is exploited to investigate the effect of the discharge electrode profile on XeCl laser performance. It is found that any of the stock electrode designs is satisfactory for high-efficiency lasers with excitation pulses lasting for up to 200 ns. For longer-pulse lasers, the pulse length and energy output are sensitive to the choice of electrode and there are grounds for preferring the Stappaerts profile over the other available designs.
Recent Advances in the Excipients Used for Modified Ocular Drug Delivery (2021)

In ocular drug delivery, maintaining an efficient concentration of the drug in the target area for a sufficient period of time is a challenging task. There is a pressing need for the development of effective strategies for drug delivery to the eye using recent advances in material sciences and novel approaches to drug delivery. This review summarizes the important aspects of ocular drug delivery and the factors affecting drug absorption in the eye including encapsulating excipients (chitosan, hyaluronic acid, poloxamer, PLGA, PVCL-PVA-PEG, cetalkonium chloride, and gelatin) for modified drug delivery.
$\lambda $ -Domain Optimal Bit Allocation Algorithm for High Efficiency Video Coding (2016)

Rate control typically involves two steps: bit allocation and bitrate control. The bit allocation step can be implemented in various fashions depending on how many levels of allocation are desired and whether or not an optimal rate- distortion (R-D) performance is pursued. The bitrate control step has a simple aim in achieving the target bitrate as precisely as possible. In our recent research, we have developed a λ-domain rate control algorithm that is capable of controlling the bitrate precisely for High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). The initial research showed that the bitrate control in the λ-domain can be more precise than the conventional schemes. However, the simple bit allocation scheme adopted in this initial research is unable to achieve an optimal R-D performance reflecting the inherent R-D characteristics governed by the video content. In order to achieve an optimal R-D performance, the bit allocation algorithms need to be developed taking into account the video content of a given sequence. The key issue in deriving the video-content-guided optimal bit allocation algorithm is to build a suitable R-D model to characterize the R-D behavior of the video content. In this paper, to complement the R-λ model developed in our initial work, a D-λ model is properly constructed to complete a comprehensive framework of λ-domain R-D analysis. Based on this comprehensive λ-domain R-D analysis framework, a suite of optimal bit allocation algorithms are developed. In particular, we design both picture-level and basic-unit-level bit allocation algorithms based on the fundamental R-D optimization theory to take full advantage of the content-guided principles. The proposed algorithms are implemented in HEVC reference software, and the experimental results demonstrate that they can achieve an obvious R-D performance improvement with a smaller bitrate control error. The proposed bit allocation algorithms have already been adopted by the Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding and integrated into the HEVC reference software.
Wound Dehiscence in Bladder Exstrophy: An Examination of the Etiologies and Factors for Initial Failure and Subsequent Success (1983)

During the last 8 years 20 patients were seen for secondary or repeat closure for exstrophy of the bladder following dehiscence after initial closure. Various factors that may have contributed to the initial problems have been investigated. Wound infection (42 per cent) and bladder prolapse (46 per cent) were the major etiologies for initial failures. In 6 patients (30 per cent) colon conduits were required for bladder augmentation or colocolostomy, which emphasized the importance of achieving a good result at initial closure. Our successful protocol (only 5 per cent reclosure rate for 60 closures) is outlined.
<title>Quantitative comparison of sensor fusion architectural approaches in an algorithm-level test bed</title> (1996)

This paper presents the results of a quantitative comparison of two architectural options in developing a multi-sensor data fusion system. One option is the centralized architecture: a single track file is maintained and updated using raw sensor measurements. The second option is the autonomous sensor fusion architecture: each sensor maintains its own track file. The sensor tracks are then transmitted to a central processor responsible for fusing this data to form a master track file. Various performance trade-offs will typically be required in the selection of the best multi-sensor data fusion architecture since each approach has different benefits and disadvantages. The emphasis for this study is given to measuring the quality of the fused conducted with the CASE_ATTI (concept analysis and simulation environment for automatic target racking and identification) testbed. This testbed provides the algorithm-level test and replacement capability required to conduct this kind of performance study.
Automatic detection of brain tumor in magnetic resonance images using multi‐texton histogram and support vector machine (2013)

Segmentation is the process of labeling objects in image data. It is a decisive phase in several medical imaging processing tasks for operation planning, radio therapy or diagnostics, and widely useful for studying the differences of healthy persons and persons with tumor. Magnetic Resonance Imaging brain tumor segmentation is a complicated task due to the variance and intricacy of tumors. In this article, a tumor segmentation scheme is presented, which focuses on the structural analysis on both tumorous and normal tissues. Our proposed method hits the target with the aid of the following major steps: (i) Tumor Region Location, (ii) Feature Extraction using Multi‐texton Technique, and (iii) Final Classification using support vector machine (SVM). The results for the tumor detection are validated through evaluation metrics such as, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. The comparative analysis is carried out by Radial Basis Function neural network and Feed Forward Neural Network. The obtained results depict that the proposed Multi‐texton histogram and support vector machine based brain tumor detection approach is more robust than the other classifiers in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 23, 97–103, 2013
Efficient Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Tetrahydroindazoles and their Oxidation to Indazoles (2006)

N-Acetyl-styrylpyrazoles undergo Diels-Alder cyclo­addition reactions with N-methylmaleimide under solvent-free conditions to give the corresponding tetrahydroindazoles in good yields and high selectivity. On heating, these reactions do not occur or ­afford only traces of the cycloadducts. The stereochemistry of ­obtained cycloadducts was assigned by NMR. Oxidation of the ­tetrahydroindazoles with DDQ gave the expected indazoles and was accompanied by N-deacylation.
The neurokinin‐1 receptor modulates the methamphetamine‐induced striatal apoptosis and nitric oxide formation in mice (2009)

In a previous study we showed that pharmacological blockade of the neurokinin-1 receptors attenuated the methamphetamine (METH)-induced toxicity of the striatal dopamine terminals. In the present study we examined the role of the neurokinin-1 receptors on the METH-induced apoptosis of some striatal neurons. To that end, we administered a single injection of METH (30 mg/kg, i.p.) to male mice. METH induced the apoptosis (terminal deoxyncleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling) of approximately 20% of striatal neurons. This percentage of METH-induced apoptosis was significantly attenuated by either a single injection of the neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, 17-beta-hydroxy-17-a-ethynyl-5-a-androstano[3,2-beta]pyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazole (WIN-51,708) (5 mg/kg, i.p.), or the ablation of the striatal interneurons expressing the neurokinin-1 receptors (cholinergic and somatostatin) with the selective neurotoxin [Sar(9),Met(O(2))(11)] substance P-saporin. Next we assessed the levels of striatal 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) by HPLC and immunohistochemistry. METH increased the levels of striatal 3-NT and this increase was attenuated by pre-treatment with WIN-51,708. Our data support the hypothesis that METH-induced striatal apoptosis occurs via a mechanism involving the neurokinin-1 receptors and the activation of nitric oxide synthesis. Our findings are relevant for the treatment of METH abuse and may be relevant to certain neurological disorders involving the dopaminergic circuitry of the basal ganglia.