gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modern Control Methods Applied to a Line-of-Sight Stabilization and Tracking System (1987)

Modern control methods are used to develop compensators for a precise optical positioning system designed to track a commanded line-of-sight (LOS) position while rejecting the vibrational environment of an F-16 fighter aircraft, the vehicle upon which the device will be mounted. The physical system being controlled consists of two gimbals that effect large changes in the LOS position, and a mirror assembly that is used, because of its fast dynamic response (but limited range of motion), to reduce LOS jitter (i.e. angular disturbances above 5 Hz that cause blurring). Compensators are designed that include models of the motion to reject and of the motion to track. These models become part of each compensator and enable them to distinguish aircraft vibration from aircraft maneuvers, rejecting the former and tracking the latter. The vibrational disturbance that must be rejected has a magnitude of 560 ?rads rms, which is magnified by the optical system to 1400 ?rads of LOS motion. Simulation of closed-loop performance with a nonlinear dynamic model of the system demonstrated that LOS jitter is reduced to about 130 ?rads rms. A tradeoff between stabilization and tracking is demonstrated. Compensator robustness to unmodelled disturbances is increased using the Loop-Transfer-Recovery technique.
PyMatching: A Python Package for Decoding Quantum Codes with Minimum-Weight Perfect Matching (2022)

This article introduces PyMatching, a fast open-source Python package for decoding quantum error-correcting codes with the minimum-weight perfect matching (MWPM) algorithm. PyMatching includes the standard MWPM decoder as well as a variant, which we call local matching , that restricts each syndrome defect to be matched to another defect within a local neighborhood. The decoding performance of local matching is almost identical to that of the standard MWPM decoder in practice, while reducing the computational complexity. We benchmark the performance of PyMatching, showing that local matching is several orders of magnitude faster than implementations of the full MWPM algorithm using NetworkX or Blossom V for problem sizes typically considered in error correction simulations. PyMatching and its dependencies are open-source, and it can be used to decode any quantum code for which syndrome defects come in pairs using a simple Python interface. PyMatching supports the use of weighted edges, hook errors, boundaries and measurement errors, enabling fast decoding, and simulation of fault-tolerant quantum computing.
Properties of amorphous calcium pyrophosphate powder synthesized via ion exchange for the preparation of bioceramics (2015)

A novel approach has been developed for the synthesis of amorphous hydrous calcium pyrophosphate powder consisting of nearly isometric particles: treatment of an aqueous suspension of platelike crystalline γ-calcium pyrophosphate particles with an ion exchange resin in H+-form. After firing at 1000°C, the relative density of calcium pyrophosphate-based ceramics produced from the powder is 80%. The relatively low firing temperature for sintering the ceramics is ensured by the improved sinterability of the powder due to the specific features of its micromorphology and phase composition.
Who can Put ‘Learning Disability Label’ on Your Child? Issues of Sociocultural Affects on Learning Disability (2014)

This paper provides a theoretical foundation on the topic “Issues of sociocultural affects on learning disability.” The intent of this paper is to challenge the legitimacy of the claim that standardized tests do not relate to students’ sociocultural backgrounds with theoretical perspectives. To examine the relationship between standardized tests and students’ sociocultural backgrounds, we drew on idealism and empiricism as its framework. We examined the cogency of the definition for learning disability and the methodology applied to diagnosing students with Learning Disabilities. In consequence, we sought to determine meaningful implications in which to understand and diagnose students with Learning Disabilities
On the Structure and Function of Platelet Integrin  IIb 3, the Fibrinogen Receptor (1995)

Platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa (alpha IIb beta 3), a Ca(2+)-dependent heterodimer, serves as an inducible receptor for fibrinogen and other adhesive plasma proteins, and is the most thoroughly studied integrin receptor. Intensive research during the past several years has elucidated the major features of its biosynthetic pathway, covalent structure, domain organization, and topography, and we are beginning to get an insight into the cellular mechanisms controlling integrin function. The emerging picture indicates that platelet-specific elements initiate at the cytoplasmic domains of GPIIb/IIIa a signal that leads to conformational changes within the integrin's extracellular domains and expression of the fibrinogen receptor. The simultaneous occupancy on adjacent platelets of receptors with dimeric fibrinogen molecules leads to platelet aggregation. Further structural alterations promote clustering of occupied GPIIb/IIIa complexes and their attachment to the remodelling cytoskeletal network. This interaction provides the physical link for clot retraction to occur and appears to regulate the compartmentalization, and local activation, of a multienzymatic complex which translates the ligand-binding information into time-dependent irreversibility of the fibrinogen-GPIIb/IIIa interaction. Platelet GPIIb/IIIa plays, thus, a central role in thrombus formation both in health and disease: abnormalities in the platelet adhesive mechanisms responsible for the formation of the hemostatic plug, lead to major pathophysiologic disorders, ranging from severe bleeding to thrombosis. It is, therefore, not surprising that GPIIb/IIIa has been the subject of intensive research during the last decades, since a detailed knowledge of the molecular biology and the mechanism underlying the platelet activation and aggregation processes may aid in the rational design of both an effective gene replacement therapy, and of potent and specific anti-thrombotic drugs. The aim of this minireview is to summarize many functional and structural data from different laboratories in the perspective of an emerging model that may help us to understand structure-function relationships of GPIIb/IIIa and of other members of the integrin family.
Ventilation, CO<sub>2</sub> Production, and CO<sub>2</sub> Exposure Effects in Conscious, Restrained CF‐1 Mice (1993)

Respiratory rate (f), tidal volume (VT) and carbon dioxide production (VECO2) were measured in restrained, conscious CF-1 mice. Mean f +/- S.D. and mean VT +/- S.D. were 270 +/- 8 breaths/min. and 0.123 +/- 0.024 ml (STPD) for male, and 274 +/- 15 breaths/min. and 0.115 +/- 0.023 ml (STPD) for female mice, respectively. VECO2 was obtained from a rebreathing (closed loop) system. The maximum VECO2 (STPD) amounted to 95.5 +/- 15.4 ml/(kg min.) in males and to 72.7 +/- 4.2 ml/(kg min.) in females. The CO2 concentration in the closed loop system increased slowly during a 30 min. rebreathing period and reached a concentration of about 2.7%. No effect was seen on f and on VT. Dynamic (abrupt) exposure up to 10.3% CO2 had no effect on f in male mice, whereas VT increased from 112% (2.3% CO2) to 181% (10.3% CO2). The estimated O2 concentrations decreased from 20.5% to 18.7% with increasing CO2 exposure. The equivalent CO2 experiments with O2 kept at 16% by N2 administration showed that the lower O2 concentration added an additional drive on the respiratory centre.
Adaptive logic control approach for fast GNSS acquisition (2008)

Proposed is an adaptive logic controller to adjust the frequency search step size so as to speed up GNSS acquisition time and acquire more accurate frequency shift value. Experimental and simulation results show that the proposed method improves acquisition performance in terms of speed in signal acquisition and the precision of the parameters as opposed to other existing methods.
Quantifying Uncertainty for the PUNQ-S3 Problem in a Bayesian Setting With RML and EnKF (2005)

Abstract The well known PUNQ-S3 reservoir model represents a synthetic problem which was formulated to test the ability of various methods and research groups to quantify the uncertainty in the prediction of cumulative oil production. Previous results reported on this project suggest that the randomized maximum likelihood (RML) method gives a biased characterization of the uncertainty. A major objective of this paper is to show that this is incorrect. With a correct implementation of the RML method within a Bayesian framework, we show that RML does an adequate job of sampling the a posteriori distribution for the PUNQ problem. In particular, the true predicted oil production lies within the band of predictions generated with the RML method and is not biased. Very recently, the Ensemble Kalman Filter has gained notoriety, because it is very easy to couple with any reservoir simulator, allows one to continuously assimilate dynamic data as the forward simulation run is done and allows one to characterize uncertainty in performance predictions. When applied to the PUNQ data set, we show that this method also gives a reasonable quantification of the uncertainty in performance predictions with an uncertainty range similar to the one obtained with RML.
High-speed phase rotator using resistive interpolation for 3.75–6.9Gbit/s serial-link receiver (2012)

A high-speed phase rotator (PR) using simple resistive interpolation is proposed for high-speed serial I/O. It operates from 1.875 to 3.45GHz and generates eight phases, spread over a full 360°, which are divided into 136 equal parts to give a resolution of 2.65°. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed PR, a prototype half-rate 3.75–6.9Gbit/s serial-link receiver is designed and fabricated.
Rail Quality Assurance Services (2011)

Rail Inspection VehicleThe RIV is equipped with a track profile measurement and reporting package to track quality assurance and planning needs. This package is a proven system in use in North America and Australia and consists of several integrated components
The Limits To Growth (2012)

'If you only read one book ... make this it!' L. Hunter Lovins, co-author of Natural Capitalism 'It is time for the world to re-read Limits to Growth! The message of 1972 is more real and relevant in 2004, and we wasted 30 valuable years of action by misreading the message of the first book' Matthew R. Simmons, founder, Simmons & Company International, the world's largest energy investment banking firm 'If you want to understand what's going on Earth, read it.' Patrick Whitefield, Permaculture In 1972, Limits to Growth shocked the world and forever changed the global agenda by demonstrating that unchecked growth on our finite planet was leading the Earth towards ecological 'overshoot' and pending disaster. The book went on to sell millions of copies and ignited a firestorm of controversy that burns hotter than ever in these days of soaring oil prices, wars for resources and human-induced climate change. This substantially revised, expanded and updated edition follows on from Limits to Growth and its sequel Beyond the Limits, which raised the alarm that we have already overshot the planet's carrying capacity. Marshalling a vast array of new, hard data, more powerful computer modelling and incorporating the latest thinking on sustainability, ecological footprinting and limits, this new book presents future overshoot scenarios and makes an even more urgent case for a rapid readjustment of the global economy toward a sustainable path. This is compelling, essential and, indeed, essential reading for all concerned with our common future.
Satellite Flywheels with Magnetic Bearings and Passive Radial Centering (1980)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Structure of<i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i>glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase holoenzyme reveals a novel surface (2014)

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a conserved cytosolic enzyme, which plays a key role in glycolysis. GAPDH catalyzes the oxidative phosphorylation of D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate using NAD or NADP as a cofactor. In addition, GAPDH localized on the surface of some bacteria is thought to be involved in macromolecular interactions and bacterial pathogenesis. GAPDH on the surface of group B streptococcus (GBS) enhances bacterial virulence and is a potential vaccine candidate. Here, the crystal structure of GBS GAPDH from Streptococcus agalactiae in complex with NAD is reported at 2.46 Å resolution. Although the overall structure of GBS GAPDH is very similar to those of other GAPDHs, the crystal structure reveals a significant difference in the area spanning residues 294-307, which appears to be more acidic. The amino-acid sequence of this region of GBS GAPDH is also distinct compared with other GAPDHs. This region therefore may be of interest as an immunogen for vaccine development.
Blue 405 nm laser light mediates heart rate - investigations at the acupoint Neiguan (Pe.6) in Chinese adults. (2009)

In previous studies, we showed that laser needle acupuncture with red and infrared light has specific effects on bio-signals of the brain and heart.In this publication we report the effect of blue laser light on heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) before, during and after acupuncture at the acupoint Neiguan (Pe.6) in Chinese adults. These are the first data published concerning heart rate and HRV, obtained with blue laser acupuncture equipment.The investigations were carried out in 13 healthy Chinese volunteers with a mean age of 31.2 ± 7.5 years within a randomized, controlled study. Stimulation was performed with painless blue laser light (wavelength: 405 nm; activation: 10 minutes) bilaterally at Pe.6. In a second session, for control reasons the laser was not activated.Heart rate showed a significant (p=0.008) decrease during blue laser light stimulation. In contrast, no significant changes were found when the laser was deactivated. The evaluation parameter LF/HF ratio (low frequency/high frequency ratio) from the HRV spectral analysis showed a very slight increase during stimulation, however it was not significant.Our main conclusion is that continuous blue laser light stimulation on Neiguan significantly reduces heart rate of Chinese adults.
Optimization of degree-profile matching interleavers for LDPC-coded modulation (2006)

In this paper we introduce the concept of degree-profile matching interleavers (DPM-interleavers) and propose an LDPC-coded modulation scheme with a DPM-interleaver for 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sup> -PAM. One advantage of our scheme over conventional LDPC-coded modulation schemes is to support various modulation orders in a single coder/decoder by properly choosing DPM-interleavers according to each modulation order. Given the degree distribution for a good binary LDPC code, we present the optimized degree-profiles for DPM-interleavers by density evolution in the cases of 4-PAM and 8-PAM, respectively. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme provides compatible performance with those of conventional LDPC-coded modulation schemes
Educating physicians for population-based clinical practice (1992)

Debates about changing the current paradigm of medical education and medical practice have become fairly common in recent years. Based on my experience as a research director of a prepaid group practice program and as chair of a medical school department of public health and preventive medicine, I contend that the traditional one-to-one physician-patient role obligations should be expanded to include a set of "one-to-n" physician-population obligations. The latter include at least three components: (1) a resource allocation component, (2) a component focusing on the epidemiologic nature of clinical practice, and (3) a component focusing on members of the population who are not regularly attended to within the normal context of physician care. Discussing these in turn, I argue for a population-based clinical practice model of medical education that preserves the Hippocratic tradition while better preparing physicians for the complex practice and insurance realities of the 21st century. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:1645-1648)
Hemoglobin stability: observations on the denaturation of normal and abnormal hemoglobins by oxidant dyes, heat, and alkali (1970)

Several unstable mutant hemoglobins have alterations which affect areas of the molecule involved in the attachment of heme to globin. Loss of heme from globin has been demonstrated during the denaturation of some of these unstable mutants. The importance of heme ligands for the stability of hemoglobin was illustrated in the present experiments on the denaturation of several hemoglobins and hemoglobin derivatives by heat, oxidative dyes, and alkali. Heating of normal hemolysates diluted to 4 g of hemoglobin per 100 ml at 50 degrees C for 20 hr in 0.05 M sodium phosphate, pH 7.4, caused precipitation of 23-54% of the hemoglobin. Dialysis against water or dilution of the sample decreased denaturation to 12-20%. Precipitation was decreased to less than 3.5% by the presence of 0.015 M potassium cyanide. Increasing the ionic strength of the medium increased precipitation. Cyanide prevented the formation of inclusion bodies when red cells containing unstable hemoglobin Philly, beta35 tyr --> phe, were incubated with the redox dye new methylene blue. Conversion to methemoglobin increased the rate of alkali denaturation of hemoglobin but the presence of potassium cyanide returned the denaturation rate to that of ferrohemoglobin. The ability of cyanide to decrease heat precipitation of hemoglobin may depend on a dimeric or tetrameric state of the hemoglobin molecule. Purified beta-chains, which exist as tetramers, were stabilized but purified monomeric alpha-chains were not rendered more heat resistant by the ligand. Stabilization of hemoglobin by cyanide required binding of the ligand to only one heme of an alphabeta-dimer. Hemoglobin Gun Hill, an unstable molecule with heme groups present only on the alpha-chains was quite heat stable in the presence of cyanide. The binding of cyanide to the iron atom in methemoglobin is thought to be associated with increased planarity of the heme group and increased stability of the heme-globin complex. The stabilizing effect of cyanide in the above experiments suggests that Heinz body formation, heat precipitation of hemoglobin, and the increased alkali denaturation of methemoglobin depend on changes of heme-globin binding.
[Drug therapy of pain]. (1989)

Pain represents the most frequent complaint for which patients ask for medical help. Successful treatment of acute and chronic pain syndromes largely depends on the knowledge and the therapy of the underlying disease process and on the rational use of analgesics, such as the nonnarcotic analgesic-antipyretics, the anti-inflammatory agents and the opioid analgesics. In addition, so-called 'adjuvant' analgesics of different chemical structures can be used in special clinical conditions to increase the efficacy of the common analgesics. For optimal therapy, the selection and dosing of a specific agent has to be tailored to the individual needs of the patient. For this purpose it is important to follow some general principles of pain management and to consider the relevant pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the various analgesics. This overview summarizes the most important pharmacological properties of the widely used analgetic drugs, with special emphasis on their risk-benefit ratio in various clinical situations.
INFLUENTIAL MARKETING: A NEW DIRECT MARKETING STRATEGY ADDRESSING THE EXISTENCE OF VOLUNTARY BUYERS (2006)

The traditional direct marketing paradigm implicitly assumes that there is no possibility of a customer purchasing the product unless he receives the direct promotion. In real business environments, however, there are "voluntary buyers" who will make the purchase even without marketing contact. While no direct promotion is needed for voluntary buyers, the traditional response-driven paradigm tends to target such customers. In this thesis, the traditional paradigm is examined in detail. We argue that it cannot maximize the net profit. Therefore, we introduce a new direct marketing strategy, called "influential marketing." To achieve the maximum net profit, influential marketing targets only the customers who can be positively influenced by the campaign. Nevertheless, targeting such customers is not a trivial task. We present a novel and practical solution to this problem which requires no major changes to standard practices. The evaluation of our approach on real data provides promising results.
Toward a Clinical Model of Suicidal Behavior in Psychiatric Patients (1999)

The authors propose a stress-diathesis model in which the risk for suicidal acts is determined not merely by a psychiatric illness (the stressor) but also by a diathesis. This diathesis may be reflected in tendencies to experience more suicidal ideation and to be more impulsive and, therefore, more likely to act on suicidal feelings. Prospective studies are proposed to test this model.
A pipelined camellia architecture for compact hardware implementation (2010)

In this paper, we present a compact and fast pipelined implementation of the block cipher Camellia for 128-bit data and 128-bit key lengths. The implementation is suitable for both Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) platforms, and is targeted for low area and low power applications. To obtain a compact design, pipelining principles are exploited and platform specific optimizations are made. The design requires only 321 slices with a throughput of 32.96 Mbps based on Xilinx Spartan-S XC3S50-5 chip and 4.31K gates with a throughput of 81 Mbps based on 0.13-μm CMOS standard cell library.
Between global and national (2007)

This chapter considers developments in television dramatic form and style in the context of ‘cultural discount’. Any simple binary difference between American and British television cultures is ultimately unsustainable, but the two cultures do betray different tendencies. Where, even in the new circumstances of TV3, ‘high-end’ American television can afford to be more experimental, a strong disposition to be primarily entertaining remains. British TV drama output, in contrast, retains traces of the legacy of British social realism even where, as in Spooks, it strives towards the production values of ‘American Quality TV’. British culture, though influenced by that of the USA, is perhaps still less upbeat and feelgood, more prepared to be reflectively self-critical, but, in TV3, there have been shifts in television culture on both sides of the Atlantic.