gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fatigue Life of Girders with Trapezoidal Corrugated Webs (2006)

Fatigue design criteria are necessary to design steel corrugated web girders for highway bridges. The paper presents research on the fatigue life of steel bridge I-girders with trapezoidal web corrugations. Eight large-scale test girders were fabricated from HPS 485W steel and fatigue-tested in four-point bending. The web-to-flange fillet welds were made using semiautomatic gas metal arc welding (GMAW) or robotic GMAW. Fatigue cracks initiated in the tension flange at the web-to-flange fillet weld toe along the inclined web folds and adjacent bend regions, and propagated in the flange. The results demonstrate that steel corrugated web I-girders exhibit a fatigue life that is longer than that of conventional steel I-girders with transverse stiffeners. For design of corrugated web I-girders, the Category B′ design curve of the AASHTO LRFD specifications is recommended for finite life fatigue design calculations, and a value of 96.5MPa(14.0ksi) is recommended for the constant amplitude fatigue limit.
Production of graphene by exfoliation of graphite in a volatile organic solvent (2011)

The production of unfunctionalized and nonoxidized graphene by exfoliation of graphite in a volatile solvent, 1-propanol, is reported. A stable homogeneous dispersion of graphene was obtained by mild sonication of graphite powder and subsequent centrifugation. The presence of a graphene monolayer was observed by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The solvent, 1-propanol, from the deposited dispersion was simply and quickly removed by air drying at room temperature, without the help of high temperature annealing or vacuum drying, which shortens production time and does not leave any residue of the solvent in the graphene sheets.
Accurate DEM and Ortho-Rectified Image Production from ALOS/PRISM (2008)

We have established a technology for accurate DEM and ortho-rectified image production from a set of ALOS/PRISM images. ALOS/PRISM has three independent cameras for viewing nadir, forward and backward producing triplet images along the satellite track. This unique configuration gives a strong advantage compared to conventional stereo imaging systems in terms of producing accurate DEMs and ortho-rectified images. Our technology is based on a triplet image matching process that dramatically improves image-matching quality. Using this technology, we have developed a software suite for DEM and ortho-rectified image production. According to our evaluation, DEM elevation accuracy is 5 - 6 m RMSE and horizontal accuracy of the ortho-rectified images is about 11 m.
Corrected Species Identification of the Predator<i>Orius pumilio</i>(Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) in a Research Colony (2009)

Our laboratories have reported on the predatory minute pirate bugs (Family Anthocoridae) in a research colony that was obtained in Dec 2002. The species was originally thought to be Orius insidiosus (Say) (Ferkovich & Shapiro 2004a, 2004b, 2007; Ferkovich & Shapiro 2005a, 2005b, 2005c; Ferkovich et al. 2007). However, specimens from the colony were identified as O. pumilio (Champion) by T. Lewis (USDA, ARS, Wapato, WA) in Apr 2008, not O. insidiosus as previously reported in the publications listed above. In response to the discovery of O. pumilio in our acquired colony, repeated collections from flower heads of false Queen Anne’s Lace (Ammi majus) on an organic farm in Gainesville, Florida, yielded both species in unequal numbers and at differing sex ratios. Conclusive identifications of O. pumilio from the laboratory colony and field collections, and O. insidiosus from field collections, were confirmed by T. Henry (USDA-ARS Systematic Entomology Laboratory, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.).
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE BIOLOGY OF<i>PYRRHARCTIA</i>(<i>ISIA</i>)<i>ISABELLA</i>(LEPIDOPTERA: ARCTIIDAE): III. THE RELATION BETWEEN HEAD CAPSULE WIDTH AND NUMBER OF INSTARS (1979)

Abstract Head capsule widths of laboratory-reared and mature field-collected larvae of P . isabella were measured. The number of larval instars varied from 7 to 10, yet in all larvae studied, average size and increment in the successive instars were the same for instars 1 to 3. In the latter instars, there was an inverse relationship between size of increment and prospective number of instars. Insects which completed 10 instars were only a little larger than those maturing after only 7 instars. These data fail to support Dyar’s rule.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Novel 3‐Isoxazolylvinylcephalosporins. Part 2. Synthesis and Biological Activity of 7‐[2‐(2‐Aminothiazol‐4‐yl)‐2‐hydroxyiminoacetamido] Derivatives. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Optical Packet and Circuit Integrated Networks (2013)

An optical packet and circuit integrated (OPCI) network provides both high-speed, inexpensive services and deterministic-delay, low-data-loss services according to the users' usage scenarios, from the viewpoint of end users. From the viewpoint of network service providers, this network provides large switching capacity with low energy consumption, high flexibility, and efficient resource utilization with a simple control mechanism. This paper presents the recent progress made in the development of an OPCI network. We have developed OPCI nodes which are capable of layer 3 switching from/to Ethernet frame to/from optical packet in the optical packet edge part and burst-tolerant optical amplifier and optical buffer with optical fiber delays in 100Gbps optical packet switching part. The OPCI node achieves a packet error rate less than 10-4 and is used as node in a lab-network that has an access to the Internet. A distributed automatic control works in a control plane for the circuit switching part. An address search engine for further power reduction and network management system for shifting from R&D to operation are also described.
A meta cleavage pathway for 4-chlorobenzoate, an intermediate in the metabolism of 4-chlorobiphenyl by Pseudomonas cepacia P166 (1995)

Bacterial degradation of biphenyl and polychlorinated biphenyls proceeds by a well-studied pathway which produces benzoate and 2-hydroxypent-2,4-dienoate (or, in the case of polychlorinated biphenyls, the chlorinated derivatives of these compounds). Pseudomonas cepacia P166 utilizes 4-chlorobiphenyl for growth and produces 4-chlorobenzoate as a central intermediate. In this study we found that strain P166 further transforms 4-chlorobenzoate to 4-chlorocatechol, which is mineralized by a meta cleavage pathway. Key metabolites which we identified include the meta cleavage product (5-chloro-2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde), 5-chloro-2-hydroxymuconate, 5-chloro-2-oxopent-4-enoate, 5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate, and chloroacetate. Chloroacetate accumulated transiently, and slow but stoichiometric dehalogenation was observed.
Study on changes of quality of cantonese moon cake during the storage (2014)

Objective In order to analyze the relationship of those key index and time of Cantonese moon cake within expiration date.Methods The quality of fresh moon cake product was investigated by sampling test.The change rules of physical and chemical index,microbiological index,was researched.Results It illustrated that the total bacteria and mould,and acid value were obviously increased,while the rest index had no obvious changes at temperature 30 ℃ in 60 d.The total count of bacteria and mould,and acid value were three main influencing factors of the shelf life of moon cake.Conclusion The microbiological indicator had a greater influence on the food quality and its expiration than that of acid value.The study provided the theoretical basis for the quality control of moon cake.
Scattering losses from dielectric apertures in vertical-cavity lasers (1997)

In vertical-cavity lasers (VCLs) employing oxide or airgap apertures, the lasing mode typically travels unguided throughout most of the structure. For the aperture to exactly compensate for the diffraction of the mode in these regions, it would need to have a parabolic lateral index profile (i.e. that of an ideal thin lens). Although nonparabolic aperture shapes will partially compensate diffraction losses, some light will be scattered out of the mode. These scattering losses increase as the aperture size is reduced and will limit the performance of the smallest devices. We analyze these losses first using a semianalytic approach which allows us to frame the problem in terms of two parameters of the structure: the Fresnel number and the effective optical path length across the aperture. We compare the estimate with experimental results and with an iterative numerical calculation of the actual mode and losses. Lastly, we compare the loss reduction with different amounts of tapering that provide a better approximation to the ideal parabolic lens.
Presence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato antibodies in the serum of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (2011)

Infectious agents are likely to play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, including abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). The goal of this study was to determine if Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (sl), a microorganism responsible for Lyme disease, is involved in the etiology of AAAs. The presence of serum antibodies against B. burgdorferi sl was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and confirmed by Western blotting in 96 AAA and 108 peripheral artery disease (PAD) patients. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for the detection of Borrelia-specific DNA in the aneurysm wall. Among AAA patients 34% and among PAD patients 16% were seropositive for B. burgdorferi sl antibodies (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.003; odds ratio [OR] 2.79; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.37-5.85). In the German general population, 3-17% are seropositive for Borrelia antibodies. No Borrelia DNA was detected in the aneurysm wall. Our findings suggest a relationship between AAAs and B. burgdorferi sl. We hypothesize that the underlying mechanism for B. burgdorferi sl in AAA formation is similar to that by the spirochete Treponema pallidum; alternatively, AAAs could develop due to induced autoimmunity via molecular mimicry due to similarities between some of the B. burgdorferi sl proteins and aortic proteins.
Novel Molecular Organotin Oxides Derived from Alkylidene Bridged Ditin Precursors:  Syntheses and Structures<sup>,</sup> (1998)

New diorganotin compounds (RCl2Sn)2(CR‘2)n [R = (SiMe3)2CH; R‘ = Me, H; n = 1−3] linked by various spacers have been synthesized. These react with sodium hydroxide or (t-Bu2SnO)3 to give (R(O)Sn)2(CR‘2)n. Compounds 8 (R‘ = Me, n = 1), 9 (R‘ = H, n = 2), and 10 (R‘ = H, n = 3) contain four-coordinate tin atoms. Compound 9 undergoes a reversible hydrolysis reaction from which a solid containing three ditin units has been isolated. Evidence is presented for the existence in solution of monomeric four-coordinate tin compounds (RXSn)2(CH2)3O [R = (SiMe3)2CH, X = Cl, OH]. Crystal structures for monomeric ditin precursors 2,2-bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyldichlorostannyl]propane (3) and 1,2-bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyldichlorostannyl]ethane (6), for dimeric units 1,3,5,7-tetrakis[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]-9,9,10,10-tetramethyl-2,4,6,8-tetraoxa-1,3,5,7-tetrastannaadamantane (8), 1,3,7,9-tetrakis[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]-2,8,13,14-tetraoxatricyclo[7.3.1.13.7]-1,3,7,9-tetrastannatetradecane (10), and 2,6-difluoro-2,6-bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]-1-oxa-2,6-distannacyclohexane dimer (12), and for trimeric units {O[(RSn(CH2)2SnR)OH]OH}3·2H2O (9a) are reported.
<title>Optics for the National Ignition Facility</title> (1999)

The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is a 192 beam, 1.8 megajoule laser currently under construction at LLNL. The laser requires approximately 7,500 meter class optical components including 3,000 phosphate laser glass slabs, 2,500 fused silica lenses and windows, 1,400 BK-7 mirror and polarizer substrates with hafnia/silica multilayer coatings, and 600 KDP and deuterated KDP (DKDP) nonlinear crystals, each component with a 40 cm square aperture. These optics will be produced between 2000 and 2003 following pilot production campaigns to prove the technologies in 1999. The specifications of these large optics are challenging, with a typical wavefront gradient of Xi90/cm RMS,and damage thresholds of 14 J/cm2 (351 nm) and 20 J/cm2 (1053 nm) for 3 ns pulses. The cost goals for producing each of these optics vary, but on average are approximately three-times lower than we paid for Beamlet and Nova optics.
Seismic characterization of dipping fractures in transversely isotropic background (2003)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2003Seismic characterization of dipping fractures in transversely isotropic backgroundAuthors: Vladimir GrechkaIlya TsvankinVladimir GrechkaColorado School of Mines, Center for Wave Phenomena, Department of Geophysics, Golden, CO 80401‐1887 and Ilya TsvankinColorado School of Mines, Center for Wave Phenomena, Department of Geophysics, Golden, CO 80401‐1887https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1817598 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1817598FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2003ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 2003 Pages: 2452 publication data© 2003 Copyright © 2003 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 03 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Vladimir Grechka and Ilya Tsvankin, (2003), "Seismic characterization of dipping fractures in transversely isotropic background," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1573-1576. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1817598 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
High‐speed DNA sequencing by tube‐based capillary electrophoresis (2004)

We assessed the feasibility of high-speed DNA sequencing by tube-based capillary electrophoresis (TCE) with electrokinetic sample injections. We developed a water-circulated TCE system to control the capillary temperature precisely. Using this system and a ready-made sieving matrix at 50 degrees C, single-stranded DNA size marker fragments were separated at various pairs of the electric field strength, E, of 128-480 V/cm and the capillary effective length, L, of 100-360 mm. Assuming the read length (RL) is the fragment size at which the peak width equals the peak interval per base in obtained electropherograms, we estimated the values of RL (E, L), the RL at the pair (E, L). The points in ELz-space, (E, L, RL(E, L)), form a curved surface expressed by z = RL(E, L). Analyzing the contour lines of this curved surface, we determined the pairs of E and L providing target RLs of 300-500 bases within a minimum time. At a pair optimized for a 500-base RL (330 V/cm, 200 mm), one-color sequencing fragments were successfully separated up to 529 bases within 9.6 min. These results demonstrate that high-speed DNA sequencing comparable with that obtained by microfabricated chip-based capillary electrophoresis (MCE) can be achieved with TCE, which is more suitable in automation than MCE.
Few crucial links assure checkpoint efficiency in the yeast cell-cycle network (2006)

C++ source code and network models can be downloaded at http://www.vital-it.ch/Software/
Neuropathic Pain in Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Psychophysics and Brain Imaging Study (2013)

The present findings indicate that neuropathic pain occurs in AS. Furthermore, abnormal brain gray matter and neural correlates of neuropathic pain are concordant with the clinical picture of AS, which includes sensorimotor and mood deficits as well as neuropathic pain symptoms. These results suggest that back pain in AS is a mixed pain condition that includes a neuropathic pain component.
Luis Arana e i veterani di Euzkeldun Batzokija: la corrente ortodossa del nazionalismo basco (2012)

La tesi di Marco Perez intitolata “Luis Arana e i veterani di Euzkeldun Batzokija: la corrente ortodossa del nazionalismo basco”, può essere considerata come la biografia politica di uno dei personaggi più importanti del nazionalismo basco. Il lavoro di ricerca si centra fondamentalmente sull'ispiratore del nazionalismo euskaldun (e cofondatore del Partido Nacionalista Vasco) e della corrente che ne accompagnò e sostenne l'azione politica. Euzkeldun Batzokija fu il nome dato al primo circolo del PNV, fondato da Luis e Sabino Arana nel 1894. Successivamente, gli statuti del circolo e i suoi membri veterani furono presi come modello del nazionalismo primordiale (che si pretendeva definire sull'esempio dell'Ordine gesuita). Sul piano organizzativo la tesi si divide in sette capitoli che ricostruiscono il percorso politico di Luis Arana, dai primi documenti del 1879 fino alle ultime lettere inviate negli anni quaranta. Si tratta di un lungo periodo, che comprende momenti diversi della storia spagnola (dalle guerre carliste alla Guerra Civile spagnola) e del movimento aranista. In questo senso, sulla base di una generale e comparata riflessione sul nazionalismo, si analizza il movimento basco nei suoi rapporti con la modernità. Una realazione costruita attraverso concetti “diacronicamente” legati a un passato mitico e leggendario e comunque subalterna ai rapporti di forza tra le correnti del PNV. La corrente ortodossa fece sempre riferimento al nazionalismo “originario” (definito dai fratelli Arana nei primi anni del movimento) che fu un'espressione regionale del nazionalcattolicesimo spagnolo. Fu proprio Luis Arana a ricordare la finalità religiosa ed etnica del nazionalismo basco, respingendo qualsiasi aggiornamento teorico e organizzativo del PNV, intesi come una grave violazione dell'ortodossia aranista.
Glutamine-Enriched Nutrition in Trauma Care. Implications for Impaired Immune System and Infectious Complications (2003)

Major trauma results in a compromised immunity and an increased susceptibility for infections. In ICU patients, a low plasma glutamine is associated with poor clinical outcome. Glutamine, the body's most abundant amino acid, is among others, a precursor for antioxidants and is the preferred respiratory substrate for rapidly dividing cells. Many studies show that plasma glutamine and skeletal muscle glutamine concentrations are decreased by approx 50 % during sepsis, surgery, burns and trauma. This acute glutamine depletion is most likely the result of a higher utilisation of glutamine than the body can provide. Additionally, this reduced vital substrate has an impact on the nitrogen balance, antioxidant supply, substrate for the integrity of the gut and the immune status of the trauma patient. Exogenous glutamine, for instance glutamine-enriched nutrition, can augment the availability of substrate for the function of lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophils. In a randomised study, we showed that administering glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition results in a reduction of infectious complications in trauma patients.
Liquid phase oxidation of mesitylene to 3,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde (1986)

Liquid phase oxidation of mesitylene to 3,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde has been studied in the presence of cobalt bromide catalysts activated with triethanolamine or pyridine. The selectivity for the aldehyde is affected by the presence of the amine, by solvent, and only little by concentration of the catalyst and its components. The lower value of rate constant of the subsequent oxidation of the aldehyde, k 2 = (7.66 ± 0.39) . 10 -5 s -1 , as compared with that of the oxidation of mesitylene, k 1 = (1.66 ± 0.13) . 10 -4 s -1 at 60 °C, indicates an important role of the cooxidation reactions in the process of oxidation of mesitylene, which affects the reaction selectivity.
Design and performance of microwave phototubes using transmission electron multipliers (1963)

This paper describes the design and performance of a new type of microwave phototube. This tube combines the advantages of secondary emission gain with the high output efficiency of a helix, and its sensitivity is orders of magnitude greater than that of conventional microwave phototubes. In this tube the light to be demodulated passes through an optical window onto a semitransparent photocathode (e.g. S-1, S-20, etc.). The photoelectrons emitted by the cathode, which are bunched at the modulation frequency of the light, are multiplied by transmission secondary emission dynodes. The amplified electron beam then passes through a helix of the type used in a TWT, exciting a traveling wave that is taken out by an output coupler. In addition to discussing the details of the construction and performance of L-band tubes, consideration will be given the ultimate limits on frequency response and sensitivity set, by the use of secondary emission multiplication. The velocity distribution of photoelectrons and secondary electrons is of primary importance in determining these limits. Some of the applications of this class of tubes for optical communication, optical ranging, etc. will be reviewed.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Benzylic C—H Borylation of Alkylbenzenes with Bis(pinacolato)diboron or Pinacolborane. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Reactions at the termini of tRNA with T4 RNA ligase (1978)

T4 RNA ligase will catalyze the addition of nucleoside 3', 5'-bisphosphates onto the 3' terminus of tRNA resulting in tRNA molecule one nucleotide longer with a 3' terminal phosphate. Under appropriate conditions the reaction is quantitative and, if high specific radioactivity bisphosphates are used, it provides an efficient means for in vitro labeling of tRNA. Although the 3' terminal hydroxyl is a good acceptor, the 5' terminal phosphate in most tRNA's is not an effective donor in the RNA ligase reaction. This poor reactivity is due to the secondary structure of the 5' terminal nucleotide. If E. Coli tRNAf Met is used, the 5' phosphate is reactive and the major product with RNA ligase is the cyclic tRNA.
Calculation of adapted black sea fields on the basis of assimilation of climatic temperature and salinity data into the model (2006)

A scheme of a periodic assimilation of climatic temperature and salinity data into a model is proposed. In accordance with the criteria chosen on the basis of numerical experiments, an optimum assimilation period of three hours is set. The proposed method allows a hydrodynamic adaptation of the fields of temperature, salinity, and flow velocity that are close to the climatic ones within the framework of the proposed criteria. The main feature of the adapted fields of vertical flows in the layer 0–700 m is their smooth character and an almost complete absence of small-scale noise. The extreme values of vertical velocity in this layer decrease by almost an order of magnitude as compared to analogous values calculated for the variant of data assimilation with a weak adjustment of fields.