gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical static analysis of structured systems of affine recurrence equations (2002)

The ALPHA language, based on systems of affine recurrence equations over polyhedral domains, allows the expression of complex algorithms as hierarchical, parameterized structures of such systems. This paper discusses the static analysis of ALPHA programs, an extended type-checking process based on the single assignment rule. We present techniques ensuring, on one hand, that a system is valid (with respect to this rule) within a certain range of its parameters, and on the other, that no system is used with invalid values of its parameters. These techniques have been implemented in a versatile tool for ALPHA which is demonstrated on the example of the Gaussian elimination.
Characterization of the tachykinin receptors involved in spinal and supraspinal cardiovascular regulation (1995)

The pharmacological characterization of the tachykinin receptors involved in spinal and supraspinal cardiovascular regulation is reviewed in this report. In conscious rats, substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), neurokinin B (NKB), neuropeptide K (NPK), and neuropeptide gamma (NP gamma) were injected either intrathecally (i.t.) or intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.), and their effects were assessed on mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR). Moreover, selective antagonists for NK1 ((+/-)-CP-96045 and RP-67580), NK2 (SR-48968), and NK3 (R-486) receptors were tested against the agonists. I.t. tachykinins elicited dose-dependent increases in MAP and HR (NPK > NP gamma > SP > NKA > NKB). The cardiovascular response to i.t. SP, NPK, and NP gamma was significantly attenuated by the prior i.t. administration of (+/-)-CP-96345 and RP-67580 but not by SR-48968 and R-486. By the i.c.v. route, tachykinins also elicited pressor and tachycardiac responses dose dependently (NPK > NP gamma > SP > NKA > NKB). Senktide and [MePhe7]NKB, two NK3-selective agonists, were slightly more potent than NKB on both parameters. Whereas the cardiovascular response to NPK was largely blocked by (+/-)-CP-96345 and RP-67580, that to SP was reduced by 40-50%. This treatment had no effect on the cardiovascular response to NKA and [MePhe7]NKB. Conversely, SR-48968 reduced by 40-50% the NKA-induced cardiovascular changes without affecting the central mediated effects of NPK, SP, and [MePhe7]NKB. However, when coadministered, RP-67580 and SR-48968 abolished the effects to SP and NKA while leaving untouched those induced by [MePhe7]NKB. Finally, the central effects mediated by [MePhe7]NKB, senktide, and NKB were blocked by R-486. These findings suggest that the i.t. action of tachykinins on the rat cardiovascular system is mediated by a NK1 receptor in the spinal cord, while NK1, NK2, and NK3 receptors are likely involved in the supraspinal (hypothalamus) effects of these neuropeptides. It is also concluded that NPK is a pure and powerful NK1 agonist, in contrast to SP and NKA, which are not selective for NK1 and NK2 receptors, respectively.
Multiple degree-of-freedom digital soft actuator for robotic applications (2003)

In this paper we present a packaged actuator to be applied for micro and macro robotic applications. The actuator is based on polymer dielectrics, and intrinsically has musclelike characteristics capable of performing motions such as forward/backward/controllable compliance. The actuator is featured in several aspects such as simplicity and lightness in weight, cost-effectiveness, multiple DOF-actuation, and digital interface. In this paper, its basic concepts are briefly introduced and the issues about design, fabrication and applications are discussed.
The Indium‐Mediated Selective Introduction of Allenyl and Propargyl Groups at the C4‐Position of 2‐Azetidinones and the AuCl<sub>3</sub>‐Catalyzed Cyclization of 4‐Allenyl‐2‐azetidinones (2005)

Bicyclische β-Lactame werden mit der im Schema gezeigten zweistufigen Sequenz erhalten. Alternativ können mithilfe von Organoindiumreagentien Allenyl- und Propargylgruppen an der C4-Position von 2-Azetidinonen eingeführt werden. R1=H, 1R-(tert-Butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl (TBSO(CH3)CH); R2=H, Methyl, Ethyl, n-Butyl, Phenyl, THPOCH2, Trimethylsilyl, 2-Naphthyl; R3=H, Methyl, Phenyl; R4=H, Methyl.
Mediators of communication and adaptation in the neuroendocrine and immune systems (1992)

Bidirectional interactions between the immune and neuroendocrine systems influence specifically physiological activities as diverse as tissue localization of lymphocytes, antibody responses, hypothalamic-pituitary hormone secretion, and neural signal transmission. Our understanding of intersystem communications has been increased by the delineation of the innervation of immune organs, effects of neuromediators on immune cells, and neuroendocrine responses to individual immune cytokines. Two patterns of responses to neuroimmune mediators have been defined to distinguish between direct alterations in cellular function and the more complex states of differentiation and adaptation that condition the threshold and nature of reactions to subsequent stimuli. Recent identification of the molecular mechanisms of action of neuroimmune mediators is exemplified by elucidation of the requirement for prolactin in T lymphocyte proliferation and of the effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide on B lymphocyte expression of adherence proteins. Further knowledge of the advantages of multisystem integration of functions in host defense may reveal other novel mechanisms of cellular communication and biological adaptation.
Utilisation de la SER d'une cible pour mesurer un champ fort (2007)

National audience
Initial Synchronization Exploiting Inherent Diversity for the LTE Sector Search Process (2015)

This paper proposes an initial synchronization architecture for the sector search process in third-generation partnership project (3GPP) long-term evolution (LTE) communications. The proposed system, consisting of three techniques, takes intercell interference, intercarrier interference and multipath fading into consideration with assistance from inherent diversity. The outage and detection probabilities are derived by taking multisector diversity into account in the coarse timing alignment. The long-lag differential correlator can achieve approximately 4.7-dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain in primary synchronization sequence (PSS) acquisition probability. Joint estimation of the residual timing error and the fractional frequency offset is achieved by evaluating the short-lag autocorrelation at an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol duration. Mean-square errors obtained via simulations are compared with the modified Cramér-Rao lower bounds derived here. The proposed technique can achieve approximately 6.9-dB SNR gain when it is compared with that assisted from the synchronization signalling. Joint detection of the integral frequency offset (IFO) and the sector identification (SID) is achieved by exploiting a frequency-domain (FD) matched filter (MF) to deal with frequency selectivity. Differential detection on a segmental FD MF is considered in frequency-selective environments. Computer simulations are conducted to verify that the proposed technique can achieve high IFO and SID detection probabilities.
Modelling and performance analysis of an electric heater (2004)

Electric heaters are used extensively in many industrial applications. There are several interacting parameters that affect heater performance and contribute to its cost. Such parameters are: coil length, coil diameter, helix diameter, coil pitch, number of turns, coil emissivity, heater wall emissivity, applied voltage, air flow rate, air temperature at the heater outlet, insulation thickness, and the heater dimensions. Three conical heater configurations were selected for preliminary optimization. A conical heater configuration with outer ring coils was found to give the highest heater efficiency, the easiest and least expensive to manufacture, and was selected for detailed modelling. In the simulation model, the heater wall was divided into four annular sections and the continuous heater coil was divided into four segments of four ring coils. Energy and heat transfer equations were written for each ring coil, each section of the wall, and the air past each ring coil. Equations for coil resistance and power, air properties, heater geometry, and configuration factors are added to form a system of 220 nonlinear equations. Engineering equation solver (EES) was used to solve the system of equations. The results were checked by comparing the heater efficiency based on the average inlet and outlet air temperatures, and the heater efficiency based on the heater losses. Both efficiencies matched well in all calculations. The effects of varying the identified heater parameters on the heater performance were studied and discussed. The results indicate that increasing the coil length and airflow rate, while reducing coil emissivity, wall emissivity, and wire diameter could improve heater performance. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use and imaging performance of CMOS flat panel imager with LiF/ZnS(Ag) and Gadox scintillation screens for neutron radiography (2011)

In digital neutron radiography system, a thermal neutron imaging detector based on neutron-sensitive scintillating screens with CMOS(complementary metal oxide semiconductor) flat panel imager is introduced for non-destructive testing (NDT) application. Recently, large area CMOS APS (active-pixel sensor) in conjunction with scintillation films has been widely used in many digital X-ray imaging applications. Instead of typical imaging detectors such as image plates, cooled-CCD cameras and amorphous silicon flat panel detectors in combination with scintillation screens, we tried to apply a scintillator-based CMOS APS to neutron imaging detection systems for high resolution neutron radiography. In this work, two major Gd2O2S:Tb and 6LiF/ZnS:Ag scintillation screens with various thickness were fabricated by a screen printing method. These neutron converter screens consist of a dispersion of Gd2O2S:Tb and 6LiF/ZnS:Ag scintillating particles in acrylic binder. These scintillating screens coupled-CMOS flat panel imager with 25x50mm2 active area and 48μm pixel pitch was used for neutron radiography. Thermal neutron flux with 6x106n/cm2/s was utilized at the NRF facility of HANARO in KAERI. The neutron imaging characterization of the used detector was investigated in terms of relative light output, linearity and spatial resolution in detail. The experimental results of scintillating screen-based CMOS flat panel detectors demonstrate possibility of high sensitive and high spatial resolution imaging in neutron radiography system.
Halogenated POPs and PAHs in Blood Plasma of Hong Kong Residents (2011)

The objective of this study was to quantify organic chlorinated pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in blood plasma collected from 111 healthy residents in Hong Kong to assess the levels of these pollutants in the general population during the period of March to April, 2008. Concentrations of these residues in blood plasma obtained from the Hong Kong Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Naphthalene, phenanthrene, p,p'-DDE, PCB-180, and PBDE-47 were detected in 100% of the participants. Females had significantly greater concentrations of acenaphthylene (female: 93.3 ng/g lipid; male: 39.8, p < 0.05), anthracene (22.3; 15.3, p < 0.05), fluoranthene (138; 125, p < 0.05), p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT, PCB-183, BDE-99 than males. Blood of smokers contained significantly greater (p < 0.05) concentrations of acenaphthene, benzo(a)pyrene, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT, PCB-138, BDE-47, and BDE-99 than did blood of nonsmokers. Positive correlations were found between concentrations of each class of pollutant, with respect to seafood diet habit, Body Mass Index (BMI), and age. Concentrations of HCHs and DDTs in blood plasma of healthy Hong Kong residents were greater than those of other countries, and it was found that smoking, consumption of a seafood diet, BMI, and age could influence concentrations in human blood.
Notes: Fluoroolefins. VIII. The Preparation of 2-Perfluoroalkyl-1,3-butadienes (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes: Fluoroolefins. VIII. The Preparation of 2-Perfluoroalkyl-1,3-butadienesR Richardson and Paul TarrantCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 12, 2254–2256Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 April 2003Published inissue 1 December 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01082a627https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01082a627research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views195Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Molecular mechanics force‐field development for amino acid zwitterions (2002)

Understanding the conformational flexibility of amino acid zwitterions (ZWs) and their associated conformational energies is crucial for predicting their interactions in biological systems. Gas-phase ab initio calculations of ZWs are intractable. Molecular mechanics (MM), on the other hand, is able to handle large systems but lacks the necessary force field parameters to model ZWs. To develop force field parameters that are able to correctly model ZW geometries and energetics we used a novel combinatorial approach: amino acid ZWs were broken down structurally into key functional components, which were parameterized separately. Møller-Plesset second-order perturbation calculations on small carboxylates, on the glycine cation, and on novel hydrogen bonded systems, coupled with available experimental data, were used to generate MM3(2000) ZW parameters (Allinger N. L.; Yuh, Y. H.; Lii, J.-H. J Am Chem Soc 1989, 111, 8551). The MM3 results from this combinatorial approach gave geometries that are in good agreement with neutron diffraction experiments, plus their frequencies and energies appear to be reasonably modeled. Current limitations and future development of MM force fields are discussed briefly.
Discovery and Clinical Development of Dutasteride, a Potent Dual 5&#945;- Reductase Inhibitor (2006)

In this review the preclinical medicinal chemistry, biochemistry and clinical results achieved in the treatment of prostatic disease with dutasteride, a dual inhibitor of type 1 and type 2,5alpha-reductase are described. During the discovery phase, dutasteride was optimized to inhibit both forms of human 5 alpha-reductase (5AR) via extensive structure activity relationship studies versus the cloned human isozymes. Dutasteride has subsequently been shown to improve disease measures in patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in three randomized, placebo-controlled, Phase III clinical studies lasting for 2 years. Additionally, dutasteride is now under study for the ability to reduce the incidence of prostate cancer in men at high risk of the disease--an indication where the unique dual inhibitor nature, half-life and tolerability of dutasteride may be especially significant factors in determining treatment success. The connections between preclinical drug design and clinical outcomes during the discovery and development of dutasteride are exemplified.
Microstructural Evolution of ZnO by Wet-Etching Using Acidic Solutions (2006)

The characteristics of the wet-etching of ZnO thin films were investigated using hydrochloric and phosphoric acid solutions as etchants. The etch rate of ZnO films, using a highly diluted hydrochloric acid solutions at a concentration of 0.25% in deionized water, was determined to be about 120 nm/min, and linearly increased with increasing the acid concentration. The surface of ZnO(0001) etched by an HCl solution, observed by scanning electron microscopy, showed a rough morphology with a high density of hexagonal pyramids or cones with sidewall angles of about approximately 45 degrees. Moreover, the sidewall angles of the masked area were similar to those of the pyramids on the surface. In comparison, the surface of ZnO(0001) etched by a phosphoric acid had a smooth surface morphology. The origin of this difference is from the very initial stage of etching, indicating that the etch-mechanism is different for each solution. Furthermore, when H3PO4 was added to the HCl aqueous solution, the morphology of the etched surface was greatly enhanced and the sidewall angle was also increased to about 65 degrees.
Methods for and Benefits of Centrifugal Compressor Design Audits (2003)

As gas pipeline and industrial compressors become more powerful and more complex, it has become beneficial to conduct technical audits of these machines in the design stage. Detailed analysis of critical or advanced compressors by independent evaluators have identified operating limitations, resonant responses, potential vibrations, weak components, the onset of stall, and other instabilities, and have recommended ways to eliminate a variety of potential problems before the compressor is placed in operation. The suitability of a compressor and its driver for the planned service should be thoroughly evaluated, so that each component and the system not only satisfy the design conditions, but also extreme operating conditions. This paper presents a description of the tools available for design audits and gives examples of benefits that have resulted from recent audits. The rotordynamics of any large high-speed compressor should be carefully evaluated to identify potential instabilities, high vibration levels, and even destructive responses of the machine. Powerful rotordynamic analysis tools and specific knowledge exists to accurately predict bearing and seal stiffness and damping, lateral critical speeds, and damped forced responses. Some examples of significant results obtained from rotordynamic evaluations are presented, and typical problems that have been identified and eliminated are highlighted. Torsional vibration analyses for compressor trains are an essential aspect of a design audit that have identified vibration problems and weak components. Examples of torsional vibration responses and problems that can be identified and corrected are included in this paper. The aerodynamics of a compressor is a design audit topic to which attention should be paid. Thermophysical properties of the process gas, as it is compressed, are important quantities which can be accurately determined by modern equations of state. The internal velocity distribution and pressure rise per impeller and diffuser can be evaluated to identify areas of excess loss, poor work transfer, or restrictions within a compressor. Flow angles such as at the impeller and diffuser entrances can be predicted and evaluated. The diffuser inlet flow angle is a critical indicator of the onset of rotating stall. This type of aerodynamic analysis also provides important input for performance test planning and evaluation. This paper concludes with a summary of benefits of design audits for pipeline and industrial compressors.
Prediction of Disease-Free Survival in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Head and Neck Using Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MR Imaging (2011)

Pretreatment K(trans) may be a useful prognostic marker in HNSCC.
Prediction of live lamb chemical composition utilizing electromagnetic scanning (ToBEC). (1996)

Electromagnetic scanning was investigated to determine its accuracy in predicting chemical composition in live lambs. Forty-seven Rambouillet wether lambs were scanned with an electromagnetic instrument (ToBEC Model HA-2). Lambs were serially scanned and slaughtered over the weight range of 29.5 to 63.5 kg. Each lamb was scanned twice: before and immediately after 24 h of food deprivation. Chemical composition was determined from whole-animal ground samples by AOAC methods for percentage of DM, CP, ether extract (EE), and Ash. Percentage of fat-free mass (FFM) was calculated from the percentage of moisture and CP. Correlation and stepwise regression procedures were used to identify the most reliable independent variables for predicting chemical composition. Independent variables included electromagnetic scan data and live animal measures for weight, body length, and chest girth circumference. Electromagnetic data included the average scan response curve (PH0) and Fourier transformations (P1T, P1R, P2T, and P2R). Repeatability of the HA-2 model was extremely high (r = .98). Reliable prediction equations were obtained for DM, CP, EE, and FFM (R2 > .66). The percentage of ash could not be predicted from the independent variables. Electromagnetic scan responses contributed little to the model sum of squares. Body weight accounted for the majority of the model sum of squares. Depriving lambs of food for 24 h slightly improved the R2 value and significantly decreased scan responses (P < .01). Body weight was a better predictor of chemical composition over a large weight range than any of the scan responses. Further investigation of the HA-2 is needed to determine whether it is effective in determining differences in live body composition between animals of equal weight.
Ferromagnetism at Very High Frequencies II. Method of Measurement and Processes of Magnetization (1949)

A method for measuring the complex permeability, $\ensuremath{\mu}$, of a ferromagnetic metal is described. The determination of both components of $\ensuremath{\mu}$ is accomplished by a simultaneous measurement of the changes in attenuation and phase velocity introduced into a conducting system by the ferro-magnetism of one of its walls. An experimental technique involving pulsed magnetic fields is used. Values of $\ensuremath{\mu}$ for samples of magnetic iron at 200 and 975 Mc as a function of a polarizing magnetic field (which is parallel to the high frequency field) are compared to the static incremental permeabilities measured on the same sample. The interpretation of the experimental results indicates several characteristics of the magnetization in iron: the upper limit of domain dimensions in polarizing fields less than 500 oersteds is ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ cm; domains have different degrees of stability in the applied field; "weak-field domain" wall displacements are practically eliminated at the frequencies used; spin rotation and "strong-field domain" wall displacements are only slightly damped and contribute to the magnetization in weak as well as strong fields. Studies of hysteresis phenomena are discussed, and results on two types of permalloy presented.