gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of time and pressure on alveolar recruitment (2008)

Inappropriate mechanical ventilation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome can lead to ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) and increase the morbidity and mortality. Reopening collapsed lung units may significantly reduce VILI, but the mechanisms governing lung recruitment are unclear. We thus investigated the dynamics of lung recruitment at the alveolar level. Rats (n = 6) were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated. The lungs were then lavaged with saline to simulate acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A left thoracotomy was performed, and an in vivo microscope was placed on the lung surface. The lung was recruited to three recruitment pressures (RP) of 20, 30, or 40 cmH(2)O for 40 s while subpleural alveoli were continuously filmed. Following measurement of microscopic alveolar recruitment, the lungs were excised, and macroscopic gross lung recruitment was digitally filmed. Recruitment was quantified by computer image analysis, and data were interpreted using a mathematical model. The majority of alveolar recruitment (78.3 +/- 7.4 and 84.6 +/- 5.1%) occurred in the first 2 s (T2) following application of RP 30 and 40, respectively. Only 51.9 +/- 5.4% of the microscopic field was recruited by T2 with RP 20. There was limited recruitment from T2 to T40 at all RPs. The majority of gross lung recruitment also occurred by T2 with gradual recruitment to T40. The data were accurately predicted by a mathematical model incorporating the effects of both pressure and time. Alveolar recruitment is determined by the magnitude of recruiting pressure and length of time pressure is applied, a concept supported by our mathematical model. Such a temporal dependence of alveolar recruitment needs to be considered when recruitment maneuvers for clinical application are designed.
U-Concept Viaduct - Precast Segmental Application to UIJEONGBU LRT Project (South Korea) (2013)

Uijeongbu City, a major satellite town at the northern outskirts of Seoul, features the first application of U-shape structure design concept viaduct (a SYSTRA license) in South Korea. SYSTRA carried out detailed design of the viaduct and provides construction supervision assistance on site. To mitigate impacts on already congested downtown traffic, viaduct span erection using precast concrete segments erected with launching girders was selected as the construction method. This provides convenient and fast installation as a natural complement to the cutting-edge technology of U-shape structure concept viaduct. The SYSTRA design focused on structure optimization and standardization to accommodate both budget and construction sequence constraints for this project located in a dense urban location. The design led to an optimized typical section, with capacity for two tracks and all necessary E&M systems and train operation requirements. Adjustments on key and end segment lengths enable a very flexible distribution of spanning, without major impact on mould numbers, hence providing further budget savings.
INDIUM NITRIDE: A NEW MATERIAL FOR HIGH EFFICIENCY, COMPACT, 1550nm LASER-BASED TERAHERTZ SOURCES IN CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL DETECTION (2008)

Indium nitride ( InN ) is identified as a promising terahertz (THz) emitter based on the optical and electronic properties of high quality In - and N -face samples. Time domain THz spectroscopy has been employed to measure the pump wavelength and background carrier concentration dependence of THz emission from InN . There is no discernable difference between the In - and N -face InN samples, as expected for the improved crystalline quality and concomitant low background electron density and high mobility for both polarities. While there is only a weak dependence of THz signal on pump wavelength from 800 nm to 1500 nm, there is a strong dependence on background electron density. Modeling shows that the dominant mechanism for THz generation in bulk InN is the current associated with the diffusion of the photo-generated electrons at elevated electron temperature (photo-Dember effect) and the redistribution of the background electrons under drift, with larger screening from the higher mobility electrons as compared to holes. Compensation or p -type doping in conjunction with manipulation of the large internal electric fields in InN/InGaN nanostructures should lead to significant improvements in THz emitters.
ChemInform Abstract: First β‐1,6‐Glucan Biosynthesis Inhibitor, Bisvertinolone, Isolated from Fungus Acremonium strictum and Its Absolute Stereochemistry. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Suppression of Interlocking in First Detector Circuits (1934)

Interlocking in the oscillator circuit of superheterodynes has been a subject of study for several years. The electron coupled oscillator did a great deal to solve the problem. The advent of the pentagrid converter brings up a new set of causes by which interlocking can occur. These causes, and the manner in which they manifest themselves, are discussed in this paper. A new circuit is proposed which has been found to reduce greatly the amount of interlocking which is found to occur in the conventional circuits. A new tube structure is also proposed which should accomplish the same results.
ChemInform Abstract: KETENE AND ITS DERIVATIVES. 100. 1‐(DIMETHYLPHOSPHONO)‐ AND 1‐(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINYL)‐5‐OXO‐4‐OXASPIRO(2.3)HEXANES. SYNTHESIS AND SOME REACTIONS (1980)

Abstract Aus den Diazomethyl‐phosphonaten (I) erhält man mit Diketen (II) die isomeren β‐Lactone (III) und (IV), in gleicher Weise reagiert die Phosphinylverbindung (V) zu 11H den beiden Addukten (VI) und (VII); Folgereaktionen der Addukte werden beschrieben.
Genital tract lesions in sexually mature Göttingen minipigs during the initial stages of experimental vaginal infection with Chlamydia trachomatis serovar D (2016)

Neutrophils, plasma cells and IL-8 have been linked with Chlamydia genital infection of unknown duration in human patients. In this study, we observe a similar pattern of local immune response/inflammation following experimental inoculation suggesting this porcine model shows promise as a model for translational chlamydia research.
Ultrasonic Wave Reflection and Resonant Frequency Measurements for Monitoring Early-Age Concrete (2009)

Various methods of nondestructive testing offer the opportunity to understand hydration of cement-based materials. In particular, the ultrasonic wave reflection method does not require access to two sides of a structural member and can be performed continuously and on site. This advantage is very significant when estimating the in situ compressive strength of early-age concrete. However, it is also necessary to understand which properties are measured by the ultrasonic wave reflection method and compare the measurements with other testing methods. This paper demonstrates the nature of these measurements with the wave reflection method by comparing the results of the other nondestructive testing method using resonant frequencies.
Dynamic modeling of electroporation (2016)

Electroporation of tissues is modeled by taking into account two kinds of currents flowing respectively inside the cell and in the extracellular medium. This model takes into account capacitive effects. Simulations agrees with chronograms recorded in vivo on rabbit livers.
GENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG MAYARO AND UNA VIRUSES SUGGEST DISTINCT PATTERNS OF TRANSMISSION (2006)

Mayaro and Una viruses (MAYV, UNAV) are mosquito-borne alphaviruses that may cause an acute febrile illness characterized by headache, retro-orbital pain, and rash that may progress to a severe and prolonged arthralgia. MAYV was first isolated in Trinidad in 1954, and UNAV was first identified in northern Brazil in 1959. Since then, numerous isolates of these agents have been made from humans, wild vertebrates, and mosquitoes in several countries in northern South America. Serological evidence suggests that these viruses are also present in portions of Central America. Because little is known about the natural transmission cycle of MAYV and virtually nothing is known about UNAV transmission, 63 isolates covering the known geographic and temporal ranges were used in phylogenetic analyses to aid in understanding the molecular epidemiology. Approximately 2 kb from the E1 and E2 glycoprotein genes and the complete 3' non-coding region were sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses of these sequences indicated that two distinct genotypes of MAYV exist with a distinct clade consisting exclusively of UNAV (previously designated as a subtype of MAYV). One MAYV genotype (genotype D) contains isolates from Trinidad and the northcentral portion of South America including Peru, French Guiana, Surinam, Brazil, and Bolivia. All of these isolates are highly conserved with a nucleotide divergence of < 6%. The second MAYV genotype (genotype L) contains isolates only from Brazil that are highly conserved (< 4% nucleotide divergence) but are quite distinct (15-19%) from the first genotype isolates. These analyses provide possible explanations for the natural ecology and transmission of MAYV and UNAV.
Deformation-Induced Anisotropy of Polymers (1982)

New theory calculates anisotropies induced by large deformations in polymers. Theory was developed primarily for calculating anistropy of thermal expansivity, but is also applicable to thermal conductivity, elastic moduli and other properties. Theory assumes that in isotropic state, long polymer chains are randomly coiled and not oriented in particular direction. They acquire an orientation when material is deformed. As average molecular orientation increases with deformation, properties of bulk material exhibit averaging of the microscopic anistropies of the oriented molecular segments.
Two Novel Cytotoxic Cyclodepsipeptides from a Mycoparasitic<i>Cladobotryum</i>sp. (2003)

Two novel cyclodepsipeptides (1 and 2) along with three known compounds (3-5) were isolated from a New Zealand isolate of a Cladobotryum sp. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated from NMR and HRESIMS experiments, and the absolute stereochemistry of 2 was established by X-ray crystallography and chemical degradation. Compounds 1 and 2 were both cytotoxic against murine P388 leukemia cells.
Resonance in a Stochastic Neuron Model with Delayed Interaction (1999)

We study here a simple stochastic single neuron model with delayed self-feedback capable of generating spike trains. Simulations show that its spike trains exhibit resonant behavior between and delay. In order to gain insight into this resonance, we simplify the model and study a stochastic binary element whose transition probability depends on its state at a fixed interval in the past. With this simplified model we can analytically compute interspike interval histograms, and show how the resonance between noise and delay arises. The resonance is also observed when such elements are coupled through delayed interaction.
Neues Verfahren zur Auswertung von Chromatogrammen und Elektrophorese‐Streifen (1955)

Abstract Für die photometrische Registrierung angefärbter Chromatogramme und Elektrophorese‐Streifen wird ein halblogarithmisches Diagrammpapier empfohlen, bei dem sich durch Auszählen der von der Kurve umschlossenen Diagramm‐Rechtecke direkt der prozentuale Anteil der einzelnen Fraktionen ergibt.
Measurements of kinetic stability, blood-brain barrier permeability and cytotoxicity for two thulium based contrast agents (2009)

Successful translation of smart contrast agents (SCAs) from the benchtop into biological use depends on several key intermediate steps. The measurement of ex vivo kinetic inertness, in vivo blood-brain barrier permeability and in vivo cytotoxicity are three important steps in assessing the feasibility of using any SCA for any ulterior biological studies. Over the past decade, a new non-invasive method for simultaneous measurements of temperature and pH was developed, based on the strong dependence on temperature and pH of the proton chemical shifts from the complex between the thulium ion and the macrocyclic chelate 1,4,7,10- tetraazacyclododecane-N,N’,N’’,N’’’-tetra (methylene phosphonate) or TmDOTP5-. Thanks to the high sensitivity of each resonance on temperature and pH, models can be developed to determine both temperature and pH simultaneously and very accurately in the rat brain [4]. More recently, a new temperature probe was introduced, also relying on thulium as paramagnetic ion, but for which the macrocyclic chelate is 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10- tetramethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraacetate or TmDOTMA-. The methyl 1H chemical shift of TmDOTMA- is pH-independent. In the present work, we measured ex vivo kinetic inertness, in vivo blood-brain barrier permeability and in vivo cytotoxicity of TmDOTP5- and TmDOTMA- agents.
Auctions (Theory) (2018)

Auction theory has undergone two waves of innovation. The first, which originated with Vickrey (1961) and was completed in the early 1980s, focused on single-item auctions. Results included: guiding principles such as revenue equivalence; the derivation of the optimal auction; and comparisons of first-price, second-price and English auctions. The second, influenced by Treasury and spectrum auctions, emerged in the 1990s and dealt particularly with multi-item auctions. Research has studied: static auctions, including pay-as-bid and uniform-price auctions; dynamic auctions such as simultaneous ascending and clock auctions; combinatorial auctions; and efficient auction design. Much progress has been made, but outstanding problems remain.
An Updated Survey of <i>Bacillus</i> Phages (1981)

Research Articles| July 24 2008 An Updated Survey of Bacillus Phages Subject Area: Further Areas Darryi C. Reanney; Darryi C. Reanney aDepartment of Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic, Australia; Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Hans-Wolfgang Ackermann Hans-Wolfgang Ackermann bDépartement de Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Qué., Canada Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Intervirology (1981) 15 (4): 190–197. https://doi.org/10.1159/000149231 Article history Received: November 05 1980 Published Online: July 24 2008 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Darryi C. Reanney, Hans-Wolfgang Ackermann; An Updated Survey of Bacillus Phages. Intervirology 1 April 1981; 15 (4): 190–197. https://doi.org/10.1159/000149231 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsIntervirology Search Advanced Search This content is only available via PDF. 1981Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Chemical form of arsenic compounds and distribution of their concentrations in marine atmosphere. (1989)

液体窒素コールドトラップを組み合わせた還元気化原子吸光法を用いて, 海洋大気中における有機ヒ素化合物 (メチルアルソン酸(MMAA), ジメチルアルシン酸(DMAA), トリメチルアルシンオキシド(TMAO)) および無機ヒ素の濃度分布を測定した。その結果, 北太平洋上のハワイオアフ島で, 無機ヒ素の大気濃度は 40～520pg/m3, DMAAの大気濃度は 0.8～5.5pg/m3, TMAOは 0.2～8.8pg/m3であった。MMAAはすべて検出限界以下 (<0.7pg/m3) であった。一方, 日本本土の横浜の大気中無機ヒ素濃度は 920～5900pg/m3であり, 有機ヒ素化合物濃度は, MMAA 1.1～22.8pg/m3, DMAA 0.8～5.3pg/m3, TMAO 1.6～48pg/m3 であり, ハワイオアフ島では検出されなかったMMAAが横浜において検出された。また, DMAAおよびTMAOは横浜とハワイオアフ島においてあまり濃度差が認められずほぼ同じレベルであった。これは, MMAAが農薬などの人為的発生源をもつのに対し, DMAAやTMAOは環境中で無機ヒ素が生物活動によってメチル化されて放出されるため, これらの有機ヒ素化合物の濃度分布には地域差はあまり見られず, きわめて微量ではあるがほぼ均一に分布していると考えられる。
Issues relating to the practical use of transgenic crops for insect pest management (2002)

The implementation of transgenic plants for insect pest management requires a thorough evaluation of the risks costs and benefits Currently all commercialised transgenic crops for insect control contain genes expressing specific Bt toxins Excluding environmental and human health concerns the most apparent risk for these Btplants is development of resistance to Bt toxins The high dose/refuge strategy is accepted as most likely to delay or prevent pest resistance development This strategy is based on the best available information but has several incompletely tested assumptions The high dose/refuge strategy requires detailed knowledge of the plantinsect system and its implementation involves rigorous crop management There have been few documented instances of harmful impacts on predators and parasitoids from transgenic plants expressing Bt or other toxins The costs and benefits of using transgenic plants will depend on several factors including the plant species its complex of insect pests environmental conditions and alternative pest management tools and systems such as Integrated Pest Management Benefits of transgenic plants are most likely to outweigh costs and risks for insects that are difficult to control by any other method and/or require numerous insecticide applications
Application of the high-sensitivity pulsed dipolar ESR spectroscopy to membrane protein structure and function (2013)

P dipolar ESR spectroscopy (PDS) is a rapidly developing technique with significant potential to study functionally related conformational changes in proteins, oligonucleotides, and a variety of biomolecular complexes. In our research we apply PDS to large membrane proteins reconstituted into lipid membranes and detergents, to find details that currently are not readily (or at all) accessible by using other methods, such as NMR or X-ray crystallography. Particularly, we benefit from the high sensitivity of our unique pulsed EPR spectrometers and methods, which expand our research base by giving us the opportunity to study biomolecule structure/function in a broad range of physiologically relevant concentrations and conditions by accurately measuring the distances spanning the range from 10 to nearly 90 A. We illustrate the applications of PDS with two examples. (i) We studied structural conformations of membrane-associated α-Synuclein. By measuring long distances of up to ca. 90 A in this intrinsically unstructured eukaryotic protein, we provided direct proof of forming an extended helix, when it is bound to the surface of lipid membrane. Also, we characterized its transition between broken and extended helix in detergents. This essential knowledge about physiologically relevant structures of α-Synuclein helps us to learn the mechanisms that govern its assembly into fibrils causing neurodegenerative diseases. (ii) In our study on glutamate transporters, using a prokaryotic homologue, GltPh, we reveal molecular rearrangements, which are deemed to underlay their function. Of particular interest is populating of outward and inward facing states of GltPh in detergent-reconstituted protein and in lipid membranes.
A modified tandem affinity purification strategy identifies cofactors of the <b><i>Drosophila</i></b> nuclear receptor dHNF4 (2006)

With the completion of numerous genome projects, new high-throughput methods are required to ascribe gene function and interactions. A method proven successful in yeast for protein interaction studies is tandem affinity purification (TAP) of native protein complexes followed by MS. Here, we show that TAP, using Protein A and CBP tags, is not generally suitable for the purification and identification of proteins from tissues. A head-to-head comparison of tags shows that two others, FLAG and His, provide protein yields from Drosophila tissues that are an order of magnitude higher than Protein A and CBP. FLAG-His purification worked sufficiently well so that two cofactors of the Drosophila nuclear receptor protein dHNF4 could be purified from whole animals. These proteins, Hsc70 and Hsp83, are important chaperones and cofactors of other nuclear receptor proteins. However, this is the first time that they have been shown to interact with a non-steroid binding nuclear receptor. We show that the two proteins increase the ability of dHNF4 to bind DNA in vitro and to function in vivo. The tags and approaches developed here will help facilitate the routine purification of proteins from complex cells, tissues and whole organisms.
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF A SOUND LOCALIZING BINAURAL SUBSYSTEM IN THE HUMAN AUDITORY BRAINSTEM (1996)

The binaural interaction components of auditory brainstem evoked potentials reflect electrical changes which are specific to binaural stimuli. Analysis of these components indicated that different click lateralizations result in spatially distinct distributions of activity in the pons, but not at more peripheral levels. The effects of ipsilateral and binaural masking on evoked activity indicated distinct binaurally- and monaurally-activated neural subsets in the human brainstem. These results on the effects of noise and the distinct distributions of pontine activity to different lateralizations provide the first electrophysiological evidence that the auditory system in the humans pons includes a subset which is specific to binaurally presented sounds and which is anatomically distributed according to the lateralization of the sound. These results suggest auditory spatial mapping, similar to other sensory systems. In contrast to other systems, in which mapping is according to receptor distribution in the periphery, auditory spatial mapping is achieved computationally at central levels of the pathway.
Controllability of Nonlinear SystemsThis work was performed while the authors were at Harvard University, Division of Engineering and Applied Physics, Cambridge, Mass. The first author was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research under the Joint Electronics Program by Contract N0001467A02980006. The second author was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant NGR 22007172. (2009)

<P>This chapter contains sections titled: <UL> <LI> <P>References</P> </LI> <LI> <P>Introduction</P> </LI> <LI> <P>Preliminaries</P> </LI> <LI> <P>Integrability of Families of Analytic Vector Fields</P> </LI> <LI> <P>Applications to Control Systems</P> </LI> <LI> <P>Examples</P> </LI> <LI> <P>Acknowledgments</P> </LI> <LI> <P>References</P> </LI> </UL> </P>