gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Murine Coronavirus Requires Lipid Rafts for Virus Entry and Cell-Cell Fusion but Not for Virus Release (2005)

Thorp and Gallagher first reported that depletion of cholesterol inhibited virus entry and cell-cell fusion of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), suggesting the importance of lipid rafts in MHV replication (E. B. Thorp and T. M. Gallagher, J. Virol. 78:2682-2692, 2004). However, the MHV receptor is not present in lipid rafts, and anchoring of the MHV receptor to lipid rafts did not enhance MHV infection; thus, the mechanism of lipid rafts involvement is not clear. In this study, we defined the mechanism and extent of lipid raft involvement in MHV replication. We showed that cholesterol depletion by methyl beta-cyclodextrin or filipin did not affect virus binding but reduced virus entry. Furthermore, MHV spike protein bound to nonraftraft membrane at 4 degrees C but shifted to lipid rafts at 37 degrees C, indicating a redistribution of membrane following virus binding. Thus, the lipid raft involvement in MHV entry occurs at a step following virus binding. We also found that the viral spike protein in the plasma membrane of the infected cells was associated with lipid rafts, whereas that in the Golgi membrane, where MHV matures, was not. Moreover, the buoyant density of the virion was not changed when MHV was produced from the cholesterol-depleted cells, suggesting that MHV does not incorporate lipid rafts into the virion. These results indicate that MHV release does not involve lipid rafts. However, MHV spike protein has an inherent ability to associate with lipid rafts. Correspondingly, cell-cell fusion induced by MHV was retarded by cholesterol depletion, consistent with the association of the spike protein with lipid rafts in the plasma membrane. These findings suggest that MHV entry requires specific interactions between the spike protein and lipid rafts, probably during the virus internalization step.
Evaluation of Double-Vacuum-Bag Process For Composite Fabrication (2004)

A non-autoclave vacuum bag process using atmospheric pressure alone that eliminates the need for external pressure normally supplied by an autoclave or a press is an attractive method for composite fabrication. This type of process does not require large capital expenditures for tooling and processing equipment. In the molding cycle (temperature/pressure profile) for a given composite system, the vacuum application point has to be carefully selected to achieve the final consolidated laminate net shape and resin content without excessive resin squeeze-out. The traditional single-vacuum- bag (SVB) process is best suited for molding epoxy matrix based composites because of their superior flow and the absence of reaction by-products or other volatiles. Other classes of materials, such as polyimides and phenolics, generate water during cure. In addition, these materials are commonly synthesized as oligomers using solvents to facilitate processability. Volatiles (solvents and reaction byproducts) management therefore becomes a critical issue. SVB molding, without additional pressure, normally fails to yield void-free quality composites for these classes of resin systems. A double-vacuum- bag (DVB) process for volatile management was envisioned, designed and built at the NASA Langley Research Center. This experimental DVB process affords superior volatiles management compared to the traditional SVB process. Void-free composites are consistently fabricated as measured by C-scan and optical photomicroscopy for high performance polyimide and phenolic resins.
Predicting type 2 diabetes mellitus using haemoglobin A1c: A community-based historic cohort study (2013)

Levels of HbA1c ≥ 5.5% were associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes during a five-to-eight-year follow-up period. Findings support the use of HbA1c testing as a screening tool in populations at risk of developing diabetes.
<title>COPLINK: information and knowledge management for law enforcement</title> (2001)

The problem of information and knowledge management in the knowledge intensive and time critical environment of law enforcement has posed an interesting problem for information technology professionals in the field. Coupled with this challenging environment are issues relating to the integration of multiple systems, each having different functionalities resulting in difficulty for the end user. COPLINK offers a cost-efficient way of web enabling stovepipe law enforcement information sharing systems by employing a model for allowing different police departments to more easily share data amongst themselves through an easy-to-use interface that integrates different data sources. The COPLINK project has two major components: COPLINK Database Application and COPLINK Concept Space Application.
A neuropsychological theory of motor skill learning. (1998)

This article describes a neuropsychological theory of motor skill learning that is based on the idea that learning grows directly out of motor control processes. Three motor control processes may be tuned to specific tasks, thereby improving performance: selecting spatial targets for movement, sequencing these targets, and transforming them into muscle commands. These processes operate outside of awareness. A 4th, conscious process can improve performance in either of 2 ways: by selecting more effective goals of what should be changed in the environment or by selecting and sequencing spatial targets. The theory accounts for patterns of impairment of motor skill learning in patient populations and for learning-related changes in activity in functional imaging studies. It also makes a number of predictions about the purely cognitive, including accounts of mental practice, the representation of motor skill, and the interaction of conscious and unconscious processes in motor skill learning.
Sphingosylphosphorylcholine induces differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells into smooth-muscle-like cells through a TGF-β-dependent mechanism (2006)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into diverse cell types including adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic and myogenic lineages. In the present study, we demonstrated for the first time that sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) induces differentiation of human adipose-tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hATSCs) to smooth-muscle-like cell types. SPC increased the expression levels of several smooth-muscle-specific genes, such as those for alpha-smooth-muscle actin (alpha-SMA), h1-calponin and SM22alpha, as effectively as transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta1) and TGF-beta3. SPC elicited delayed phosphorylation of Smad2 after 24 hours exposure, in contrast to rapid phosphorylation of Smad2 induced by TGF-beta treatment for 10 minutes. Pretreatment of the cells with pertussis toxin or U0126, an MEK inhibitor, markedly attenuated the SPC-induced expression of beta-SMA and delayed phosphorylation of Smad2, suggesting that the Gi/o-ERK pathway is involved in the increased expression of alpha-SMA through induction of delayed Smad2 activation. In addition, SPC increased secretion of TGF-beta1 through an ERK-dependent pathway, and the SPC-induced expression of alpha-SMA and delayed phosphorylation of Smad2 were blocked by SB-431542, a TGF-beta type I receptor kinase inhibitor, or anti-TGF-beta1 neutralizing antibody. Silencing of Smad2 expression with small interfering RNA (siRNA) abrogated the SPC-induced expression of alpha-SMA. These results suggest that SPC-stimulated secretion of TGF-beta1 plays a crucial role in SPC-induced smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation through a Smad2-dependent pathway. Both SPC and TGF-beta increased the expression levels of serum-response factor (SRF) and myocardin, transcription factors involved in smooth muscle differentiation. siRNA-mediated depletion of SRF or myocardin abolished the alpha-SMA expression induced by SPC or TGF-beta. These results suggest that SPC induces differentiation of hATSCs to smooth-muscle-like cell types through G(i/o)-ERK-dependent autocrine secretion of TGF-beta, which activates a Smad2-SRF/myocardin-dependent pathway.
Roosevelt and the Caribbean. (1928)

Journal Article Roosevelt and the Caribbean Get access Roosevelt and the Caribbean. By Howard C. Hill, Ph.D. 1927. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 8vo. xi + 232 pp.) George Mitchell George Mitchell Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of the Royal Institute of International Affairs, Volume 7, Issue 2, March 1928, Page 138, https://doi.org/10.2307/3015568 Published: 01 March 1928
Chronic enteric virus infection in two T‐cell immunodeficient children (1988)

Enteric virus infections were studied in two children with congenital T-cell immunodeficiency. One patient (LC) with cartilage hair hypoplasia developed persistent diarrhea and malabsorption following acute gastroenteritis. Electron microscope (EM) examination of feces revealed excretion of rotavirus for more than 450 days with concurrent astrovirus infection for at least 225 days, associated with the persistent diarrhea. Prolonged infection with poliovirus type 2 following vaccination had previously been noted in this patient. The second patient (DT), with the CHARGE association and DiGeorge syndrome, had two episodes of loose stools. EM of fecal extracts demonstrated rotavirus excretion for at least 66 days following the initial episode. Virus-specific immune responses were assayed in these two patients. LC showed a poor serum neutralizing antibody response to polio vaccination, no detectable antibody response (by immune EM and ELISA) to rotavirus, and no detectable antibody response to astrovirus (by immune EM). Rotavirus specific cell mediated immunity was also not detectable. DT showed no detectable serum antibody response to rotavirus (by ELISA). Rotavirus isolates from both patients were found to be group A viruses and were further analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Atypical genome profiles, with multiple additional bands between segments 3-7 of the normal rotavirus profile, were obtained throughout the course of each illness, including the earliest specimens available (day 41, LC; day 7, DT). These results indicate that chronic virus infection of the gut can occur in patients with T-cell immunodeficiency. Such chronic infection may be associated with persistent diarrhea and can cause considerable problems of management.
Low Sensitivity of Serum Fructosamine as a Screening Parameter for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (1992)

Oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) and quantification of serum fructosamine levels were performed in 190 asymptomatic women in weeks 24-28 of pregnancy. OGTT identified 10 of the 190 women as having gestational diabetes, but serum fructosamine quantification failed to do so because none of these 10 women exhibited levels exceeding the normal limit of 2.76 mmol/l. The mean fructosamine level in this group was 1.72 +/- 0.25 mmol/l compared to 1.60 +/- 0.15 mmol/l in the other 180 women without gestational diabetes. Fructosamine was found to correlate only with postload glucose values in excess of 180 mg/dl at 2 h (r = 0.87; p = 0.01), i.e. with the highest overall glucose values, but not with fasting glucose or milder postprandial hyperglycemia of under 180 mg/dl. We conclude that quantification of fructosamine detects only the rather severe cases of gestational hyperglycemia, but is too insensitive to uncover mild asymptomatic gestational diabetes mellitus, and we do not consider fructosamine to be a useful parameter for the diagnosis of this condition.
Virtual worlds, real traffic (2010)

Metaverses such as Second Life (SL) are a relatively new type of Internet application. Their functionality is similar to online 3D games but differs in that users are able to construct the environment their avatars inhabit and are not constrained by predefined goals. From the network perspective metaverses are similar to games in that timeliness is important but differ in that their traffic is much less regular and requires more bandwidth
Design of 3D Rendering Platform Based on Cloud Computing (2016)

In the recent years cloud computing has become one of the hottest topics in the field of information technology. It links a certain amount of computing, storage and software resources to make a huge scale of shared virtual IT resource pool, providing unlimited capacity IT services for remote computer users. Cloud computing attracts the attention of more and more enterprises by using its advantages such as convenience, economical benefit, high scalability. It can release the companies from the heavy pressure of managing and maintaining IT infrastructure. With the development of university information infrastructure many universities have built digital campuses and cloud platforms, so a cloud rendering platform can be established on the basis of the private cloud in a digital campus. Then idle resources can be shared for animation rendering, which will provide a solid backing for animation teaching, research and experiment. From the application point of view, this paper analyzes the challenges which animation rendering industry is faced with, and introduces the cloud computing theory and key technologies of cloud rendering solutions. Finally, we propose an instance of cloud rendering platform established on the private cloud in a campus, analyzing the system structure, work processes and the method of use.
Copper uptake by the water hyacinth (1987)

Abstract Factors affecting Cu+2 uptake by the water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) were examined. Two phases of copper uptake were observed throughout the uptake range (1–1000 mg/1). An initial rapid uptake phase of 4 hours followed by a slower, near linear uptake phase extending past 48 hours was observed. Stirring the solution enhanced uptake, suggesting copper removal is partially diffusion limited. Variations in pH over the range of 3 to 10 did not significantly affect uptake. Increasing the root mass of the plant increased the amount of copper taken up. As solution volume was increased more copper was removed. The presence of complexing agents during the uptake phase reduced copper uptake. The inability of complexing agents to recover all copper initially removed by a plant suggests a migration to sites within the plant.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalization of 4,5‐Dihalopyridazin‐6‐ones Using 1‐(1,1‐Dibromo‐2‐oxopropyl) Derivatives. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Biological Activity and Modular Structure of RE-1-silencing Transcription Factor (REST), a Repressor of Neuronal Genes (1998)

The zinc finger protein RE-1-silencing transcription factor (REST)1 is a transcriptional repressor that represses neuronal genes in nonneuronal tissues. Transfection experiments of neuroblastoma cells using a REST expression vector revealed that synapsin I promoter activity is controlled by REST. The biological activity of REST was further investigated using a battery of model promoters containing strong promoters/enhancers and REST binding sites. REST functioned as a transcriptional repressor when REST binding motifs derived from the genes encoding synapsin I, SCG10, alpha1-glycine receptor, the beta2-subunit of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, and the m4-subunit of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor were present in the promoter region. No differences in the biological activity of these REST binding motifs tested were detected. Moreover, we found that REST functioned very effectively as a transcriptional repressor at a distance. Thus, REST represents a general transcriptional repressor that blocks transcription regardless of the location or orientation of its binding site relative to the enhancer and promoter. This biological activity could also be attributed to isolated domains of REST. Both repressor domains identified at the N and C termini of REST were transferable to a heterologous DNA binding domain and functioned from proximal and distal positions, similar to the REST protein.
Spray Drying Technology: an overview (2009)

This systemic review covers the design and critical elements of spray drying, types of spray drier, critical parameters of spray drying, innovations in spray drying, and its applications in pharmaceutical field.
Effect of oral L-arginine on airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine in asthma (1999)

Oral L-arginine does not influence airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine as reflected by PC(20), although the dose-response slope is slightly reduced in patients with asthma. This indicates only marginal, clinically unimportant limitation of NO synthase substrate in asthma.
Precise Morphology Control and Continuous Fabrication of Perovskite Solar Cells Using Droplet-Controllable Electrospray Coating System (2017)

Herein, we developed a novel electrospray coating system for continuous fabrication of perovskite solar cells with high performance. Our system can systemically control the size of CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> precursor droplets by modulating the applied electrical potential, shown to be a crucial factor for the formation of perovskite films. As a result, we have obtained pinhole-free and large grain-sized perovskite solar cells, yielding the best PCE of 13.27% with little photocurrent hysteresis. Furthermore, the average PCE through the continuous coating process was 11.56 ± 0.52%. Our system demonstrates not only the high reproducibility but also a new way to commercialize high-quality perovskite solar cells.
Automated Detection of Retinal Blood Vessels in Diabetic Retinopathy Using Gabor Filter (2012)

Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder, has become one of the rapidly increasing health threats both in India and worldwide. The complication of the diabetes associated to retina of the eye is diabetic retinopathy. A patient with the disease has to undergo periodic screening of eye. For the diagnosis, ophthalmologists use color retinal images of a patient acquired from digital fundus camera. The present study is aimed at developing an automatic system for the extraction of normal and abnormal features in color retinal images. Prolonged diabetes causes micro-vascular leakage and micro-vascular blockage within the retinal blood vessels. Filter based approach with a bank of Gabor filters is used to segment the vessels. The frequency and orientation of Gabor filter are tuned to match that of a part of vessel to be extracted in a green channel image. To classify the pixels into vessels and non vessels entropic thresholding based on gray level co-occurrence matrix is applied. The performance of the method is evaluated on two publicly available retinal databases with hand labeled ground truths.The performance of retinal vessels on drive database, sensitivity 86.4%, accompanied by specificity of 96%. While for STARE database proposed method sensitivity 85% and specificity 96%. The system could assist the ophthalmologists, to detect the signs of diabetic retinopathy in the early stage, for a better treatment plan and to improve the vision related quality of life.
Aliens in the Orchard: The Admission of Foreign Contract Laborers for Temporary Work in U.S. Agriculture (1982)

An employer may lawfully bring unskilled aliens to the United States for temporary labor only pursuant to §§ 101(a)(15)(H)(ii) and 214 of the Immigration and Nationality Act. Approximately 30,000 aliens are admitted under these provisions each year to fill a wide variety of temporary jobs. This foreign labor program (commonly referred to as the "H-2 program") has a major impact in certain agricultural markets. Farm laborers constitute by far the largest single group of H-2 workers, recently amounting to over thirty-five percent of all admissions. More-over, only in agriculture are contract workers admitted en masse to form the dominant local workforce.
Fluoroquinolone antibacterials: a review on chemistry, microbiology and therapeutic prospects. (2010)

Fluoroquinolones are one of the most promising and vigorously pursued areas of contemporary antiinfective chemotherapy depicting broad spectrum and potent activity. They have a relatively simple molecular nucleus, which is amenable to many structural modifications. These agents have several favorable properties such as excellent bioavailability, good tissue penetrability and a relatively low incidence of adverse and toxic effects. They have been found effective in treatment of various infectious diseases. This paper is an attempt to review the therapeutic prospects of fluoroquinolone antibacterials with an updated account on their development and usage.
Components of plastic: experimental studies in animals and relevance for human health (2009)

Components used in plastics, such as phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), are detected in humans. In addition to their utility in plastics, an inadvertent characteristic of these chemicals is the ability to alter the endocrine system. Phthalates function as anti-androgens while the main action attributed to BPA is oestrogen-like activity. PBDE and TBBPA have been shown to disrupt thyroid hormone homeostasis while PBDEs also exhibit anti-androgen action. Experimental investigations in animals indicate a wide variety of effects associated with exposure to these compounds, causing concern regarding potential risk to human health. For example, the spectrum of effects following perinatal exposure of male rats to phthalates has remarkable similarities to the testicular dysgenesis syndrome in humans. Concentrations of BPA in the foetal mouse within the range of unconjugated BPA levels observed in human foetal blood have produced effects in animal experiments. Finally, thyroid hormones are essential for normal neurological development and reproductive function. Human body burdens of these chemicals are detected with high prevalence, and concentrations in young children, a group particularly sensitive to exogenous insults, are typically higher, indicating the need to decrease exposure to these compounds.
Stress Responses and Metabolic Regulation of Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Genes in Arabidopsis (1993)

We report here effects of three environmental conditions, heat shock, anaerobic treatment, and carbon source supply, on expression of nuclear genes encoding chloroplast (GapA and GapB) and cytosolic (GapC) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Arabidopsis thaliana. The steady-state mRNA level of the GapC increased when Arabidopsis plants were transferred from normal growth condition to heat-shock, anaerobiosis, or increased sucrose supply conditions. In contrast, the steady-state mRNA levels for GapA and GapB genes were unaffected or decreased transiently under the same treatments. To identify the cis-acting regulatory elements, transgenic tobacco plants containing a 820-bp GapC 5'-flanking DNA fragment and beta-glucuronidase (Gus) fusion were constructed. Analyses of these transgenic plants indicate that this 820-bp DNA fragment is sufficient to confer both heat-shock and anaerobic responses. These results suggest that transcriptional level control is involved in regulation of GapC expression under these stress conditions. Histochemical analysis of Gus activity indicates that expression of the GapC is cell-type specific and is probably linked to the metabolic activity of the cells.