gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Asphalt Aging: Dual Oxidation Mechanism and Its Interrelationships with Asphalt Composition and Oxidative Age Hardening (1998)

The kinetic data and chemistry of asphalt oxidative age hardening suggested a sequential, dual mechanism for asphalt oxidation. The dual mechanism rationalizes conflicts between earlier mechanistic investigations and explains the hyperbolic-like, time-versus-property plots characteristic of asphalt oxidative aging. The oxidation kinetics provide further confirmation of the asphalt microstructural model. It is proposed that the rapid initial oxidation rate of asphalt results from reaction of oxygen with limited amounts of highly reactive hydrocarbons. Final oxidation products of this initial reaction are sulfoxides and, most likely, ring aromatization. During this initial reaction, a slower oxidation reaction of asphalt benzylic carbons is initiated; final products are ketones and sulfoxides. The ratio of ketones to sulfoxides formed and the rate of age hardening were found to be dependent on temperature and oxygen pressure. Low-temperature oxidative aging, as occurs in pavements, was found significantly more sensitive to variations in temperature and asphalt composition than 100°C pressure vessel aging.
A weakly coupled adaptive gossip protocol for application level active networks (2003)

With the sharp increase in heterogeneity and distribution of elements in wide-area networks, more flexible, efficient and autonomous approaches for management and information distribution are needed. This paper proposes a novel approach, based on gossip protocols and firefly synchronisation theory, for the management policy distribution and synchronisation over a number of nodes in an application level active network (ALAN). The work is presented in the context of the IST project ANDROID (Active Network Distributed Open Infrastructure Development), which is developing an autonomous policy-based management system for ALAN. The preliminary simulation results suggest that with the appropriately optimised parameters, the algorithms developed are scalable, can work effectively in a realistic random network, and allow the policy updates to be distributed efficiently throughout the active network with a lower latency than other similar types of gossip protocols.
The dilemma of chromosomal mosaicism in chorionic villus sampling—‘direct’ versus long‐term cultures (1989)

Chromosomal mosaicism is one of several unanswered dilemmas in first-trimester prenatal diagnosis. We report the course of a pregnancy in which a normal karyotype was detected on direct CVS preparation and fetal blood, 100 per cent trisomy 21 in one long-term CVS culture, and low-rate trisomy 21 mosaicism in a second long-term CVS culture and amniocentesis. The phenotypically normal infant had a 6 per cent mosaicism of trisomy 21. It appears that a persistent low-rate mosaicism in different tissues may be indicative of the true status of the fetus.
The microbial oxidation of methanol. The alcohol dehydrogenase of <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp. M27 (1965)

1. No primary hydrogen acceptor other than phenazine methosulphate has been found for the alcohol dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas sp. M27. 2. None of a wide range of vitamins or cofactors has any effect on the activity of the enzyme. 3. The enzyme is far less sensitive to metal-chelating agents and thiol reagents than are other alcohol dehydrogenases. 4. Methanol is oxidized at least as fast as other alcohols by this enzyme and its well-defined substrate specificity is different from that of other alcohol dehydrogenases. Only primary alcohols are oxidized; the general formula for an oxidizable substrate is R.CH(2).OH, where R may be H or [Formula: see text] 5. Whole organisms oxidize only those alcohols that are oxidized by the isolated enzyme.
Ultraviolet-B Phototherapy for Early-Stage Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma (1992)

<h3>• Background and Design.—</h3> Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a slowly advancing disease that initially presents in the skin and may later progress to involve the lymph nodes and viscera. Since CTCL most often presents on non-sunlight-exposed regions of the body, a possible protective role for UVB irradiation has been suggested. Recent observations have also found that UVB irradiation serves an immunoregulatory role. Given that limited data are available regarding the use of UVB phototherapy in treating CTCL, a retrospective nonrandomized study of 37 nonconsecutive patients with early CTCL was performed to assess the efficacy of UVB phototherapy in the treatment of CTCL. <h3>Results.—</h3> Twenty-five (71%) of the 35 patients treated with UVB phototherapy (two were unavailable for follow-up) achieved a total clinical remission. Median time to remission was 5 months, and median duration of the remission was 22 months. Twenty-five (83%) of 30 patients with disease limited to patches achieved remission, whereas none of the patients with plaque-level disease achieved a remission. Of the 25 patients who achieved complete remission, five (20%) had a recurrence of CTCL. <h3>Conclusions.—</h3> Phototherapy with UVB appears to be effective in patients with early patch-stage CTCL. (<i>Arch Dermatol.</i>1992;128:931-933)
[Hemolysis in patients with heart valve prostheses. Comparison between Björk-Shiley and Saint-Jude Medical valves]. (1985)

The problem of haemolysis was studied in 244 patients with one or two prosthetic heart valves: 232 of these patients had normal valve function as assessed by clinical examination, radioscopy and echocardiography; 112 patients had a Bjork-Shiley (BS) prosthesis, 25 in the aortic position (BSA), 71 in the mitral position (BSM) and 16 in both aortic and mitral positions (BSA + M). These patients were operated between July 1979 and January 1981. One hundred and twenty other patients had Saint Jude medical (SJM) prostheses; 48 in the aortic position (SJMA), 44 in the mitral position (SJMM) and 28 in both aortic and mitral positions (SJMM + A). These patients were operated between January 1982 and July 1983. Twelve patients (operated between 1977 and 1984) had prosthetic valve dysfunction confirmed by angiography or anatomically (SJM = 7); BS = 5). The plasma haemoglobin concentration (pHb) was used as the reference: it was measured by spectrophotometry with a sensitivity of 0.5 mg/100 ml. There was no significant difference the SJM and BS groups at surgery (BS: 4.62 mg/100 ml; SJM: 4.31 mg/100 ml). In the absence of prosthetic valve dysfunction, haemolysis was significantly greater (p less than 0.001) in the SJM (8.28 mg/100 ml) than in the BS (3.08 mg/100 ml). No statistical correlation was observed with the severity of cardiac disease, the aortic or mitral position of the prostheses or with the number of prostheses. Haemolysis was subclinical in all cases. When haemodynamically significant prosthetic valve dysfunction was present, haemolysis was inconstant in BS prostheses (2 out of 5 cases) despite major haemodynamic disturbances in all cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Structural economic change and its relationship to urbanization and population distribution policies. (1990)

The author examines the attitude of governments toward trends in spatial distribution and urbanization, using data from the U.N. Population Enquiry Among Governments. He points out that during periods of rapid structural change, as experienced in many Asian countries in recent years, large cities tend to absorb an increasing share of both total and urban population growth. However, he also notes an anti-urban bias among many third-world policymakers that manifests itself in dissatisfaction with current trends in both spatial distribution and urbanization. A comment by Ernesto M. Pernia is included (pp. 19-22).
Global temperature change (2006)

Global surface temperature has increased approximately 0.2 degrees C per decade in the past 30 years, similar to the warming rate predicted in the 1980s in initial global climate model simulations with transient greenhouse gas changes. Warming is larger in the Western Equatorial Pacific than in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific over the past century, and we suggest that the increased West-East temperature gradient may have increased the likelihood of strong El Niños, such as those of 1983 and 1998. Comparison of measured sea surface temperatures in the Western Pacific with paleoclimate data suggests that this critical ocean region, and probably the planet as a whole, is approximately as warm now as at the Holocene maximum and within approximately 1 degrees C of the maximum temperature of the past million years. We conclude that global warming of more than approximately 1 degrees C, relative to 2000, will constitute "dangerous" climate change as judged from likely effects on sea level and extermination of species.
Review: <i>The Wonder of Light</i>, by Hy Ruchlis (1961)

Book Review| March 01 1961 Review: The Wonder of Light, by Hy Ruchlis The Wonder of LightHy Ruchlis P. K. P. K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The American Biology Teacher (1961) 23 (3): 172. https://doi.org/10.2307/4439546 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation P. K.; Review: The Wonder of Light, by Hy Ruchlis. The American Biology Teacher 1 March 1961; 23 (3): 172. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4439546 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Functional Differences between the Long Terminal Repeat Transcriptional Promoters of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtypes A through G (2000)

The current human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) shows an increasing number of distinct viral subtypes, as well as viruses that are recombinants of at least two subtypes. Although no biological differences have been described so far for viruses that belong to different subtypes, there is considerable sequence variation between the different HIV-1 subtypes. The HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) encodes the transcriptional promoter, and the LTR of subtypes A through G was cloned and analyzed to test if there are subtype-specific differences in gene expression. Sequence analysis demonstrated a unique LTR enhancer-promoter configuration for each subtype. Transcription assays with luciferase reporter constructs showed that all subtype LTRs are functional promoters with a low basal transcriptional activity and a high activity in the presence of the viral Tat transcriptional activator protein. All subtype LTRs responded equally well to the Tat trans activator protein of subtype B. This result suggests that there are no major differences in the mechanism of Tat-mediated trans activation among the subtypes. Nevertheless, subtype-specific differences in the activity of the basal LTR promoter were measured in different cell types. Furthermore, we measured a differential response to tumor necrosis factor alpha treatment, and the induction level correlated with the number of NF-kappaB sites in the respective LTRs, which varies from one (subtype E) to three (subtype C). In general, subtype E was found to encode the most potent LTR, and we therefore inserted the core promoter elements of subtype E in the infectious molecular clone of the LAI isolate (subtype B). This recombinant LAI-E virus exhibited a profound replication advantage compared with the original LAI virus in the SupT1 T-cell line, indicating that subtle differences in LTR promoter activity can have a significant impact on viral replication kinetics. These results suggest that there may be considerable biological differences among the HIV-1 subtypes.
Calcium and colon cancer. (1988)

Calcium has been hypothesized as being a regulator of cell proliferation in the colon. Epidemiologic studies suggest that ingestion of higher levels of dietary calcium are related to a decreased risk for colon cancer. Short term studies in vitro and in vivo of the proliferative behavior of human and animal colon mucosa verify that calcium does modulate proliferative response. Preliminary clinical studies suggest that the hyperproliferative mucosa of patients at high risk for colon cancer, based on proliferation analysis of biopsied mucosa, became decidedly less proliferative when the subjects were given oral calcium. Our studies address the molecular mechanisms by which calcium controls mucosal proliferation and the ways in which tumor cells circumvent this regulation.
Zika Virus Infection Acquired During Brief Travel to Indonesia (2013)

Zika virus infection closely resembles dengue fever. It is possible that many cases are misdiagnosed or missed. We report a case of Zika virus infection in an Australian traveler who returned from Indonesia with fever and rash. Further case identification is required to determine the evolving epidemiology of this disease.
Evaluating speech synthesis intelligibility using Amazon Mechanical Turk (2010)

Microtask platforms such as Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT) are increasingly used to create speech and language resources. AMT in particular allows researchers to quickly recruit a large number of fairly demographically diverse participants. In this study, we investigated whether AMT can be used for comparing the intelligibility of speech synthesis systems. We conducted two experiments in the lab and via AMT, one comparing US English diphone to US English speaker-adaptive HTS synthesis and one comparing UK English unit selection to UK English speaker-dependent HTS synthesis. While AMT word error rates were worse than lab error rates, AMT results were more sensitive to relative differences between systems. This is mainly due to the larger number of listeners. Boxplots and multilevel modelling allowed us to identify listeners who performed particularly badly, while thresholding was sufficient to eliminate rogue workers. We conclude that AMT is a viable platform for synthetic speech intelligibility comparisons.
Vapor Condensation on a Horizontal Tube Using Teflon to Promote Dropwise Condensation (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVapor Condensation on a Horizontal Tube Using Teflon to Promote Dropwise CondensationC. A. Depew and R. L. ReisbigCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1964, 3, 4, 365–369Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1964https://doi.org/10.1021/i260012a017RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views309Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (475 KB) Get e-Alerts
Carrier synchronization of offset QPSK for deep space telemetry (2003)

Offset quadri-phase shift keying will be the telemetry modulation scheme for many future deep space missions, in accord with new CCSDS standards. The Block-V Receiver of the Deep Space Network has a carrier synchronization loop for offset QPSK, but this loop has four stable lock points within each cycle of carrier phase. In this paper, a method is proposed for reducing this four-fold phase ambiguity to two fold. This can be accomplished with the addition of simple signal processing at both the transmitter and receiver. The two-fold phase ambiguity is resolved by a unique synchronization word, just as is commonly done already with binary phase-shift keying (BPSK). This strategy of reducing the four-fold phase ambiguity to a two-fold phase ambiguity does require periodic bit inversions at the modulator. So this solution is not available for the general offset QPSK modulator that does not include the necessary periodic bit inversions.
Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (STa)-biotin conjugates for the titration of STa antisera by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (1992)

The development of a new approach to the diagnosis of infectious diarrhoea, caused by Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (ST), was preceded by a preliminary study. The purpose of the latter was to establish whether three preparations of ST produced by a human isolate of enterotoxigenic E. coli (STa), obtained at different steps of the purification procedure (involving Amberlite XAD2 resin chromatography (P3), a gel filtration chromatography on a Biogel P4 (P2) or a disc-gel electrophoresis (P1)), could be employed to titrate antisera to STa using an ST-biotin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The solid-phase STa was obtained by first coupling the toxin to biotinyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide and then binding this conjugate to avidin adsorbed to flat-bottomed polystyrene microtitre plates. Using these reagents, the assay conditions were examined. Checkerboard tests determined optimal biotin-P3, P2 or P1 toxin conjugate concentrations to be used as the immunosorbent for P3, P2 and P1 antiserum titration. The immunosorbent prepared with STa purified only on Amberlite XAD2 resin was unable to differentiate significantly between P3, P2 or P1 antisera. Immunosorbent prepared with P2 or P1 detected widely differing titres between the three antisera and gave more sensitive results. Only small but questionable differences were observed between P2 and P1 toxin preparations.
Tocilizumab treatment in COVID‐19: A single center experience (2020)

Tocilizumab (TCZ), a monoclonal antibody against interleukin-6 (IL-6), emerged as an alternative treatment for COVID-19 patients with a risk of cytokine storms recently. In the present study, we aimed to discuss the treatment response of TCZ therapy in COVID-19 infected patients. The demographic, treatment, laboratory parameters of C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-6 before and after TCZ therapy and clinical outcome in the 15 COVID-19 patients were retrospectively assessed. Totally 15 patients with COVID-19 were included in this study. Two of them were moderately ill, six were seriously ill and seven were critically ill. The TCZ was used in combination with methylprednisolone in eight patients. Five patients received the TCZ administration twice or more. Although TCZ treatment ameliorated the increased CRP in all patients rapidly, for the four critically ill patients who received an only single dose of TCZ, three of them (No. 1, 2, and 3) still dead and the CRP level in the rest one patient (No. 7) failed to return to normal range with a clinical outcome of disease aggravation. Serum IL-6 level tended to further spiked firstly and then decreased after TCZ therapy in 10 patients. A persistent and dramatic increase of IL-6 was observed in these four patients who failed treatment. TCZ appears to be an effective treatment option in COVID-19 patients with a risk of cytokine storms. And for these critically ill patients with elevated IL-6, the repeated dose of the TCZ is recommended.
Critical association of ncRNA with introns (2010)

It has been widely acknowledged that non-coding RNAs are master-regulators of genomic functions. However, the significance of the presence of ncRNA within introns has not received proper attention. ncRNA within introns are commonly produced through the post-splicing process and are specific signals of gene transcription events, impacting many other genes and modulating their expression. This study, along with the following discussion, details the association of thousands of ncRNAs--snoRNA, miRNA, siRNA, piRNA and long ncRNA--within human introns. We propose that such an association between human introns and ncRNAs has a pronounced synergistic effect with important implications for fine-tuning gene expression patterns across the entire genome.
The GABA<sub>A</sub>receptor is an FMRP target with therapeutic potential in fragile X syndrome (2015)

Previous research indicates that the GABAAergic system is involved in the pathophysiology of the fragile X syndrome, a frequent form of inherited intellectual disability and associated with autism spectrum disorder. However, the molecular mechanism underlying GABAAergic deficits has remained largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate reduced mRNA expression of GABAA receptor subunits in the cortex and cerebellum of young Fmr1 knockout mice. In addition, we show that the previously reported underexpression of specific subunits of the GABAA receptor can be corrected in YAC transgenic rescue mice, containing the full-length human FMR1 gene in an Fmr1 knockout background. Moreover, we demonstrate that FMRP directly binds several GABAA receptor mRNAs. Finally, positive allosteric modulation of GABAA receptors with the neurosteroid ganaxolone can modulate specific behaviors in Fmr1 knockout mice, emphasizing the therapeutic potential of the receptor.
Some Evidence for the Involvement of Adrenergic Sites in the Memory Trace (1970)

Puromycin was injected bitemporally in mice one day after training in a Y-maze. Eight days later various psychotropic drugs were injected intraperitoneally or subcutaneously at maximum tolerable doses. Ten days after the drug injection the mice were tested for their memory of the maze-learning. Memory was lost in control animals injected with saline but restored in most of the animals injected with imipramine, tranylcypromine, or D-amphetamine. Some indication of restoration was observed after injection of reserpine or L-dopa. These results suggest that the blockage caused by puromycin is due to adsorption of peptidyl-puromycin to adrenergic sites and that these sites may be involved in the memory trace.
The Total Synthesis of Cycloheximide<sup>1</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Total Synthesis of Cycloheximide1Francis Johnson, N. A. Starkovsky, A. C. Paton, and A. A. CarlsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 1, 149–159Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00953a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00953a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views335Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts