gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling thermal and mechanical cancellation of residual stress from hybrid additive manufacturing by laser peening (2019)

Additive manufacturing (AM) of metals often results in parts with unfavorable mechanical properties. Laser peening (LP) is a high strain rate mechanical surface treatment that hammers a workpiece and induces favorable mechanical properties. Peening strain hardens a surface and imparts compressive residual stresses improving the mechanical properties of a material. This work investigates the role of LP on layer-by-layer processing of 3D printed metals using finite element analysis. The objective is to understand temporal and spatial residual stress development after thermal and mechanical cancellation caused by cyclically coupling printing and peening. Results indicate layer peening frequency is a critical process parameter affecting residual stress redistribution and highly interdependent on the heat generated by the printing process. Optimum hybrid process conditions were found to exists that favorably enhance mechanical properties. With this study, hybrid-AM has ushered in the next evolutionary step in AM and has the potential to profoundly change the way high value metal goods are manufactured.
Central sympathoinhibition and peripheral neuronal uptake blockade after desipramine in rabbits (1991)

Peripheral- and central nervous system (CNS)-mediated effects of desipramine (Des) on sympathetic nerves and the contribution of alpha 2-adrenoceptors to these effects were studied in conscious rabbits. Blood pressure, renal sympathetic nerve activity (SNA), and norepinephrine (NE) reuptake and spillover into plasma were measured before and after intracisternal (ic) or intravenous (i.v.) administration of Des. In other animals, NE spillover responses to i.v. Des were examined before and after alpha 2-adrenoceptor blockade with i.v. idazoxan. Treatment with i.v. Des blocked neuronal reuptake and decreased renal SNA but did not alter blood pressure or NE spillover. Decreased NE release by sympathetic nerves after i.v. Des was reflected by a decrease in the combined rate of NE reuptake and spillover. Treatment with ic Des (at 1.7% of the i.v. dose) decreased blood pressure and renal SNA and produced equivalent falls in NE reuptake and spillover, indicating little peripheral effect of centrally administered Des on the efficiency of neuronal reuptake. Thus Des had two distinct actions: the drug blocked neuronal reuptake by direct actions on nerve endings and reduced SNA by actions within the CNS. After ic Des, decreased SNA produced parallel falls in NE reuptake, spillover, and blood pressure. After i.v. Des, blockade of neurotransmitter reuptake increased NE concentrations at sympathoeffector junctions offsetting the fall in SNA, so that there was little change in NE spillover or blood pressure. However, after alpha 2-adrenoceptor blockade with i.v. idazoxan, NE spillover increased in response to i.v. Des. Thus the Des-induced decrease in NE release was partly mediated by an action of raised intrasynaptic NE concentrations on inhibitory alpha 2-adrenoceptors.
Expression of Ia-antigens on normal and chronic myeloid leukemic human granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (CFU-GM) is associated with the regulation of cell proliferation by prostaglandin E (1982)

The presence of la-antigens and their relationship to the inhibitory effect of prostaglandin E on the proliferation of human CFU-GM was studied in animals and patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Consistent reduction of normal colony formation to approximately 50% of baseline levels was observed using a monoclonal anti-human la antibody in a complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay titrated over serial dilutions. ELimination of the la-antigen-bearing CFU-GM population was associated with virtually a complete loss of responsiveness to the inhibitory effects of prostaglandin E. Maintenance of bone marrow cells in short-term suspension culture at 37 degrees C prior to agar culture resulted in the loss of detectable la-antigen on the CFU-GM and, similarly, loss of response to prostaglandin. In contrast, most patients with chronic myeloid leukemia showed greatly reduced levels of la-antigens on their CFU-GM in fresh marrow together with lack of prostaglandin sensitivity, suggesting a correlation with the abnormal growth regulation observed in these patients. In two chronic myeloid leukemia patients, levels of la-antigen higher than that observed in the majority of patients could be detected and correlated with a residual response to prostaglandin E. These results suggest a relationship in normals between the expression of la-antigens on CFU-GM and the physiologic response to regulation by prostaglandin E, and a possible mechanism for the aberrant regulatory response in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia.
Localized prostate cancer presenting as a renal pseudo-tumour (2015)

Malignant obstructive uropathy can be a result of common genitourinary malignancies (i.e., ureter, prostate, bladder, or kidney) or extrinsic processes, such as colon and ovarian tumours. We present a case of uropathy caused by prostatic obstruction, which initially presented as a renal psuedo-tumour. We also review the relevant literature.
Inter-receiver fairness (1998)

In a multicast ABR service, a connection is typically restricted to the rate allowed on the bottleneck link in the distribution tree from the source to the set of receivers. Because of this, receivers in the connection can experience inter-receiver unfairness , when the preferred operating rates of the receivers are different. In this paper we explore the issue of improving the inter-receiver fairness in a multicast ABR connection by allowing the connection to operate at a rate higher than what is allowed by the multicast tree's bottleneck link. Since this can result in cell loss to some receivers, we operate with the knowledge of each receiver's application-specific loss tolerance. The multicast connection rate is not allowed to increase beyond the point where the cell loss on a path to a receiver exceeds this receiver's loss tolerance. Based on these ideas we develop an inter-receiver fairness measure and a technique for determining the rate that maximizes this measure. We show possible switch algorithms that can be used to convey the parameters needed to compute the function to the connection's source. In addition we develop a global network measure that helps us assess the effect of increasing inter-receiver fairness on the total network delivered throughput. We also briefly explore improving inter-receiver fairness through the use of multiple virtual circuits to carry traffic for a single multicast session. A set of examples demonstrate the use of the inter-receiver fairness concept in various network scenarios.
Automated patient‐specific optimization of three‐dimensional double‐inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging (2015)

Patient-specific optimization is feasible and significantly improves GM-WM contrast on 3D-DIR with a moderate decrease in the GM SNR.
Monoclonal antibody R2D5 reveals midsagittal radial glial system in postnatally developing and adult brainstem. (1990)

Radial glial cells and their processes play critical roles in organizing the spatial arrangement of the nervous system in the embryonic brain. It has been thought that following completion of their roles in the embryo, most of the radial glial processes disappear before or shortly after birth. Here we use R2D5, a monoclonal antibody to a soluble cytosolic protein, to demonstrate that a specific system of midsagittal radial glial cells persists in postnatal and adult brain. In the brainstem of postnatally developing and adult rabbits and cats, the R2D5-positive processes of radial glial cells were observed to be arranged in a precisely parallel array at the midsagittal seam. These radial glial processes formed a continuous palisade separating the right and left brainstem. In early postnatal animals, R2D5-positive radial processes were found to reach the pial surface and to cover the entire midsagittal seam of the brainstem. These processes embraced dendrites and somata of neurons in almost all of the midsagittal nuclei, including the raphe nuclei, suggesting that the radial glial cells may interact with the midsagittal groups of neurons. In addition, the palisade of R2D5-positive radial processes formed loose openings for crossing axonal bundles at the midline decussations of fiber tracts. In more mature brains, somata of R2D5-positive radial glial cells that had migrated ventrally were observed within the palisades, and in adult cats, most of the R2D5-positive radial processes were found to have retracted from the ventral parts of the midsagittal seam. The spatial arrangement of R2D5-positive processes suggests that they may have persistent functional roles as an interface between ventricular humoral signals and midsagittal groups of neurons in the postnatally developing brainstem and in the adult brainstem. The structure of the midline glial system suggests also that it plays a role in organizing the spatial arrangement of decussating axons during development.
Dopaminergic stimulation in a transgenic model of neurodegeneration restores decreased proliferation and viability in subventricular zone derived adult neural precursor cells (2015)

Protein-accumulation is one of the common neuropathological hallmarks in neurodegenerative disorders. In Parkinsonʼs disease (PD), which not only strikes by its motor deficits but also by cognitive impairment at later stages, α-Synuclein (aSyn) is accumulating and can be seen as Lewy bodies. The subventricular zone (SVZ) is the largest neurogenic region in the forebrain. Adult neural stem and precursor cells (aNSPCs) proliferate within the SVZ. Transgenic (tg) mice overexpressing human mutant A53T (hA53T) aSyn show a reduced proliferation of aNSPCs. Interestingly, in vivo studies suggest that dopaminergic treatment, which is frequently used as symptomatic treatment for PD associated motor symptoms, may have the potential to induce proliferation of aNSPCs. In vitro, a reduced number of aNSPCs and increased toxicity was observed in hA53T tg mice within the first 12 hours after seeding. In addition, 6-hydroxy dopamine (6-OHDA) induced a higher cell-toxicity related to cell loss in hA53T tg aNSPCs. Viability and proliferation of aNSPCs was significantly reduced in hA53T. Administration of dopamine was able to reverse the reduced proliferation in the hA53T model. In summary, hA53T but not hWT αSyn tg aNSPCs showed reduced proliferation and viability and were more sensitive to 6-OHDA exposure. However, dopamine was able to improve viability of aNSPCs suggesting that symptomatic treatment with dopamine has a proneurogenic effect in PD.
1A1-P06 Development of a self-contained hexapod robot supported mechanically with artificial muscles(Walking Robot (1)) (2013)

Recently, development of mobile robots is actively pursued. These robots are expected to work in various situations such as rescue and exploration. Therefore, we developed a leg using pneumatic rubber artificial muscles and constructed a model of the legs. Then, we developed a hexapod robot which can support its weight mechanically even without power supply using these legs. The robot supported about 4 times as much load as its own weight floating idling legs in experiment. Furthermore, the robot walked with load. And we concluded that the cause of reduction in a walking speed is friction of a transverse direction to a direction of movement of the legs. In the future, we plan to decrease unnecessary friction of the leg, and mount a compressor, a power supply, and a tank in the robot.
Frequency offset estimation for MB-OFDM-based UWB systems (2008)

We address low-complexity, highly-accurate frequency offset estimation for multi-band orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) based ultra-wide band systems in time-invariant as well as time-variant channels. We investigate the unique characteristics of MB-OFDM systems, namely, different frequency offsets, channel responses, received energies, and preamble structures in different frequency bands. Utilizing them, we develop frequency offset estimators based on the best linear unbiased estimation principle. If compared to the reference estimators, our proposed methods achieve significantly better estimation performance (4 to 6.4 dB (5 to 20 dB) estimation mean-square error advantage in the time-invariant (time-variant) channels) for all preamble patterns of the MB-OFDM system in [8].
An Improved Synthesis of Cyclic Dialkynes (1993)

An improved synthesis of 1,7-cyclododecadiyne 17 (35%), 1,7-cyclotridecadiyne 18 (65%), 1,8-cyclotetradecadiyne 19 (85%), 1,8-cyclopentadecadiyne 20 (65%), 1,9-cyclohexadecadiyne 21 (55%), 1,10-cyclooctadecadiyne 22 (48%) and 1,12-cyclodocosadiyne 23 (27%) is reported. This is achieved by treating the dilithium salts of diterminal dialkynes with α,ω-dihalogenides. As side products, tetraynes are isolated in yields of 1-5%. Furthermore, the synthesis of 6-isopropylidenethiacyclodeca-3,8-diyne (24) and [10]orthocyclophane-2,8-diyne 29 is reported. The reaction of 24 with CpCo(CO)2 yields a [2.2](2,5) thiophenophane derivative 30 while 29 gives an intramolecular cyclobutadiene complex 31.
Multiple conformations at functional site of hemerythrin: Evidence from resonance Raman spectra (1981)

Resonance Raman spectra were obtained for monomeric oxymyohemerythrin and for the azide, thiocyanate, cyanate, cyanide, and fluoride adducts of metmyohemerythrin. The internal ligand vibrations in these complexes appear at essentially the same frequencies as those in the corresponding complexes of octameric hemerythrin. Likewise the Fe-O frequencies in H(2) (16)O do not depend on quaternary structure of the protein. The anionic adducts fall into two classes in regard to isotope exchange behavior in H(2) (18)O. They also manifest a novel photochemical transformation from one class of exchange behavior to the other. It seems evident that the functional site in hemerythrin exists in at least two different conformational states and that irradiation can stimulate isotope exchange in the exchange-resistant form.
Structures of New Cucurbitane‐Type Triterpenes and Glycosides, Karavilagenins and Karavilosides, from the Dried Fruit of Momordica charantia L. in Sri Lanka. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
On the impact of lossy channels in wireless edge caching (2016)

One of the main challenges for continued wireless capacity growth is the difficulty in exploiting the multicast nature of the wireless medium: wireless end points rarely experience the same channel conditions or access the same content at the same time. In this paper, we present and analyze a novel wireless video delivery paradigm based on the combined use of channel-aware caching and coded multicasting that allows simultaneously serving multiple cache-enabled access points that may be requesting different content and experiencing different channel conditions. To this end, we reformulate the caching-aided coded multicast problem as a joint source-channel coding problem and design an achievable scheme that preserves the cache-enabled multiplicative throughput gains of the error-free scenario, by guaranteeing per-receiver (access point) rates unaffected by the presence of receivers with worse channel conditions.
Comments on “Use of Ducting Theory in an Observed Case of Gravity Waves” (1997)

AbstractNo abstract available. Corresponding author address: Dr. F. Martin Ralph, NOAA/ERL/Environmental Technology Laboratory, Mail Code R/E/ET7, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303.Email: mralph@et.noaa.gov
Precharging strategy for soft startup process of modular multilevel converters based on various SM circuits (2016)

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) has become one of the most promising converter technologies for medium/high-power applications, specifically for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems. One of the technical challenges associated with the operation and control of the MMC-based system is to precharge the submodule (SM) capacitors to their nominal voltages during the startup process. In this paper, considering various SM circuits, a general precharging strategy is proposed for the MMC-based systems under ac-and dc-side startup conditions. The proposed startup method does not require any additional feedback control loop, extra measurements, and/or auxiliary power supplies. Based on the developed startup method, the charging current is controllable by adjusting the changing rate of the number of blocked and bypassed SM capacitors. Performance of the proposed strategy for various MMCs is evaluated based on time-domain simulation studies in the PSCAD/EMTDC software environment.
Improved impulse response for hydrophone measurements in therapeutic ultrasound fields. (2009)

The accurate measurement of pressure waveforms in high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) fields is complicated by the fact that many devices operate at output levels where shock waves can form in the focal region. In tissue ablation applications, the accurate measurement of the shock amplitude is important for predicting tissue heating since the absorption at the shock is proportional to the shock amplitude cubed. To accurately measure shocked pressure waveforms, not only must a hydrophone with a broad bandwidth (&gt;100 MHz) be used, but the frequency response of the hydrophone must be known and used to correct the measured waveform. In this work, shocked pressure waveforms were measured using a fiber optic hydrophone and a frequency response for the hydrophone was determined by comparing measurements with numerical modeling using a KZK-type equation. The impulse response was separately determined by comparing a measured and an idealized shock pulse generated by an electromagnetic lithotripter. The frequency responses determined by the two methods were in good agreement. Calculations of heating using measured HIFU waveforms that had been deconvolved with the determined frequency response agreed well with measurements in tissue phantom. [Work supported by NIH DK43881, NSBRI SMST01601, NIH EB007643, and RFBR.]
Indoor bioaerosol dynamics (2014)

Inhaling indoor air is the primary means by which humans are exposed to bioaerosols. Considering bacteria, fungi, and viruses, this study reviews the dynamic processes that govern indoor concentrations and fates of biological particulate material. Bioaerosol behavior is strongly coupled to particle size; this study emphasizes the range 0.1-10 μm in aerodynamic diameter. The principle of material balance allows concentrations to be determined from knowledge of important source and removal processes. Sources reviewed here include outdoor air introduced by air exchange plus indoor emission from occupants, occupant activities, and moldy materials. Important mechanisms that remove bioaerosols from indoor air include air exchange, deposition onto indoor surfaces, and active filtration. The review summarizes knowledge about size-dependent particle deposition in different regions of the respiratory tract, techniques for measuring indoor bioaerosols, and evidence for diseases caused by airborne exposure to bioaerosols. Future research challenges and opportunities are highlighted.
Detecting the use of intentionally transmitting personal electronic devices onboard commercial aircraft (2004)

The need to detect unauthorized usage of intentionally transmitting portable electronic devices (PEDs) onboard commercial aircraft is growing, while still allowing passengers to use selected unintentionally transmitting devices, such as laptop computers and CD players during non-critical stages of flight. The following paper presents an installed system for detecting PEDs over multiple frequency bands. Additionally, the advantages of a fixed verses mobile system are discussed. While data is presented to cover the frequency range of 20 MHz to 6.5 GHz, special attention was given to the Cellular/PCS bands as well as Bluetooth and the FRS radio bands. Measurement data from both the semi-anechoic and reverberation chambers are then analyzed and correlated with data collected on board a commercial aircraft to determine the dominant mode of coupling inside the passenger cabin of the aircraft versus distance from the source. As a final check of system feasibility, several PEDs' transmission signatures were recorded and compared with the expected levels.
Effect of Clipping on Body Temperature of Restrained and Nonrestrained Rats Exposed to Cold (1957)

Clipping of restrained rats resulted in a much lesser additional body temperature fall than a similar treatment of nonrestrained animals. This is interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that the less erected hair of the restrained animal results in a greater rate of heat loss than the fully erected hair of the nonrestrained animal.
Parameters and mechanisms governing image contrast in scanning electron microscopy of single-walled carbon nanotubes (2006)

Image formation of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) is peculiarly sensitive to primary electron landing energy, imaging history, sample/substrate geometry, electrical conductivity, sample contamination, and substrate charging. This sensitivity is probably due to the extremely small interaction volume of the SWNTs' monolayered, nanoscale structures with the electron beam. Traditional electron beam/bulk specimen interaction models appear unable to explain the contrast behavior when directly applied to SWNTs. We present one systematic case study of SWNT SEM imaging with special attention to the above parameters and propose some physical explanations for the effect of each. We also demonstrate that it is possible to employ voltage biasing to counteract this extrinsic behavior, gain better control of the image contrast, and facilitate the interpretation of SWNT images in the SEM.
Anodic Reductions. I. Conversion of Benzophenone to Benzopinacol by Unipositive Magnesium (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnodic Reductions. I. Conversion of Benzophenone to Benzopinacol by Unipositive MagnesiumMarvin D. Rausch, William E. McEwen, and Jacob KleinbergCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 14, 3622–3625Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01643a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01643a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views771Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts