gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and separation of meso-tetraarylporphyrins with C i symmetry (1994)

5,15-Di(o-acetylaminophenyl)-10,20-di-1-(2-methoxynaphthyl)porphyrin was prepared by way of o-acetylaminophenyl-2,2′-dipyrrylmethane; the expected 5 atropisomers (αα′ββ′, αα′βα′, αβ′αβ′, αα′αβ′, αα′αα′) have been separated and characterised on the basis of their spectroscopic properties and thermal isomerisation behaviour.
Hydrogen Ion Buffers for Biological Research<sup>*</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogen Ion Buffers for Biological Research*Norman E. Good, G. Douglas Winget, Wilhelmina Winter, Thomas N. Connolly, Seikichi Izawa, and Raizada M. M. SinghCite this: Biochemistry 1966, 5, 2, 467–477Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00866a011https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00866a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views17533Altmetric-Citations2152LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Towards a Capability Maturity Model for Information Quality Management: A TDQM Approach (2006)

An increasing number of contemporary organizations are coming to realize the importance of Information Quality (IQ) to effective decision making. However, assessing and enhancing the quality of information can still be a daunting task. Consequently, we propose a TDQM based Capability Maturity Model (CMM) for Information Quality Management (IQM). It is believed that the maturity model may assist organizations in assessing and enhancing their IQM capability, by addressing a wide range of Information Management (IM) and IQM process areas and organizing those process areas into staged levels.
Ceramide in the Molecular Mechanisms of Neuronal Cell Death. The Role of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (2014)

Ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), two important bioactive sphingolipids, have been suggested as being key players in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease in inflammation and cancer. However, their role in the molecular mechanisms of neuronal death has not been fully elucidated. Our study indicated that ceramide significantly enhanced the level of free radicals and decreased the viability of the human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) through inhibition of the prosurvival PI3-K/Akt pathway. Ceramide also decreased anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) and increased pro-apoptotic (Bax, Hrk) mRNA/protein levels. Concomitantly, our study indicated that ceramide induced poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) activation and accumulation of poly(ADP-ribose) PAR, a signalling molecule involved in mitochondria-nucleus cross-talk and mitochondria integrity. Ceramide treatment significantly decreased the level of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) in the mitochondria. The PARP-1 inhibitor (PJ-34) prevented AIF release from the mitochondria. In addition, our data showed that exogenously added S1P increased the viability of SH-SY5Y through the S1P (1,3) receptor-dependent mechanism. It was also revealed that the S1P and PARP-1 inhibitor (PJ-34) decreased oxidative stress, gene expression of the pro-apoptotic Hrk protein and up-regulated the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein. Our data demonstrate that neuronal cell death evoked by ceramide is regulated by PARP/PAR/AIF and by S1P receptor signalling. In summary, our results suggest that PARP-1 inhibitor(s) and modulators of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor(s) should be considered in potential therapeutic strategies directed at neurodegenerative diseases.
Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles: A review of preparation methodologies. (2012)

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been widely used as a biocompatible ceramic in many areas of medicine, but mainly for contact with bone tissue, due to its resemblance to mineral bone. In mammals, the skeleton presents a carbonated and partially substituted apatite, based on nanocrystal aggregates, and associated with collagen, building up 3-D structures present in various bone tissue conformations like trabecular or cancellous bone. There has been growing interest in developing bioactive synthetic ceramics that could closely mimic natural apatite characteristics. This review presents some of the most well known forms of obtaining, by precipitation methods, nanophased HA. Some traditional and more recent developments vis-à-vis the pos-sible HA nanoparticles applications are discussed.
Interference suppression using CPP adaptive notch filters for UWB synchronization in stochastic non-linear channels (2014)

For precise synchronization of ultra wide band (UWB) signals in wireless channels, narrow band interference (NBI) suppression is a challenging issue. This is more relevant for real time channels which are non-linear in nature and are coexisted by narrow band wireless systems. An interference suppression scheme coupled to an energy detection based synchronization approach designed using second-order complex adaptive notch filter (ANF) is reported in this paper. This ANF uses a gradient descent algorithm for tracking the filter coefficients. The use of the same exploits the correlation difference property of signals received and suppresses NBIs in UWB signals. Consequently, it significantly reduces the computational complexity compared to the existing adaptive filters and requires lower power for an efficient hardware implementation. The data rate of UWB is usually high, so a combined pipelined-parallelism (CPP) approach is proposed which effectively simplifies the hardware design unlike direct and cascade forms. Detailed analysis suggest that the proposed scheme provides better performance in terms of power, speed, convergence and stability. Moreover, this scheme when used in conjunction with energy detection receivers significantly improves the interference tolerance margin, thereby raising the performance levels of synchronization with energy detection approach in non-coherent energy detection receivers.
T −13910 DNA variant associated with lactase persistence interacts with Oct-1 and stimulates lactase promoter activity in vitro (2005)

Two phenotypes exist in the human population with regard to expression of lactase in adults. Lactase non-persistence (adult-type hypolactasia and lactose intolerance) is characterized by a decline in the expression of lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) after weaning. In contrast, lactase-persistent individuals have a high LPH throughout their lifespan. Lactase persistence and non-persistence are associated with a T/C polymorphism at position -13,910 upstream the lactase gene. A nuclear factor binds more strongly to the T-13,910 variant associated with lactase persistence than the C-13,910 variant associated with lactase non-persistence. Oct-1 and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were co-purified by DNA affinity purification using the sequence of the T-13,910 variant. Supershift analyses show that Oct-1 binds directly to the T-13,910 variant, and we suggest that GAPDH is co-purified due to interactions with Oct-1. Expression of Oct-1 stimulates reporter gene expression from the T and the C-13,910 variant/LPH promoter constructs only when it is co-expressed with HNF1alpha. Binding sites for other intestinal transcription factors (GATA-6, HNF4alpha, Fox and Cdx-2) were identified in the region of the -13,910 T/C polymorphism. Three of these sites are required for the enhancer activity of the -13,910 region. The data suggest that the binding of Oct-1 to the T-13,910 variant directs increased lactase promoter activity and this might provide an explanation for the lactase persistence phenotype in the human population.
THE SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION IN CHILDREN OF GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE AND EFFECTIVE RENAL PLASMA FLOW BY THE SINGLE INJECTION CLEARANCE TECHNIQUE (1971)

Summary The performance of over 1000 clearances with the single injection method allows a retrospective review on the value of this new technique. The choice of the indicator substance, the reproducibility of the method and the irradiation dosimetry do not bring up very exciting problems. The theoretical basis of the justification of the single injection method has not been proven so far and the inexactitude which may happen because of the empirical assumption that the substances used behave as in an open mamillary bicompartimental model is discussed. The author comes to the conclusion that although the rightness of the model has never been proven, the method will give sufficient precise results in practice and is proposed to a large extension because of its technical simplicity as well as for the patient as for the physician and the laboratory technician. The irradiation dose is so small that it will practically never be considered as a contra‐indication.
Realization of current-mode general nth-order filter based on current mirrors (2011)

A current-mode general nth-order filter configuration using current mirrors is proposed in the paper. The filter uses n basic current mirrors and n unloss integrators, and can realize low pass, high pass, band pass, band reject and all pass filtering responses by changing input signal forms. As a design example, a fourth-order filter related CMOS circuit is presented. The computer simulation of transistor is carried out and PSPICE simulation results show that the proposed circuit is valid. The circuit has several advantages, such as low voltage, low power dissipation, wide frequency band and very low filter sensitivities, which will has a broad prospect in application.
Encapsulation of insulin–cyclodextrin complex in PLGA microspheres: a new approach for prolonged pulmonary insulin delivery (2004)

The insulin administration by pulmonary route has been investigated in the last years with good perspectives as alternative for parenteral administration. However, it has been reported that insulin absorption after pulmonary administration is limited by various factors. Moreover, in the related studies one daily injection of long-acting insulin was necessary for a correct glycemic control. To abolish the insulin injection, the present study aimed to develop a new formulation for prolonged pulmonary insulin delivery based on the encapsulation of an insulin:dimethyl-beta-cyclodextrin (INS:DM-beta-CD) complex into PLGA microspheres. The molar ratio of insulin/cyclodextrin in the complex was equal to 1:5. The particles were obtained by the w/o/w solvent evaporation method. The inner aqueous phase of the w/o/w multiple emulsion contained the INS:DM-beta-CD complex. The characteristics of the INS:DM-beta-CD complex obtained were assessed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy and Circular Dichroism study. The average diameter of the microspheres prepared, evaluated by laser diffractometry, was 2.53 +/- 1.8 microm and the percentage of insulin loading was 14.76 +/- 1.1. The hypoglycemic response after intratracheal administration (3.0 I.U. kg(-1)) of INS:DM-beta-CD complex-loaded microspheres to diabetic rats indicated an efficient and prolonged release of the hormone compared with others insulin formulations essayed.
Gaseous Elemental Mercury Capture from Flue Gas Using Magnetic Nanosized (Fe<sub>3-<i>x</i></sub>Mn<sub><i>x</i></sub>)<sub>1-δ</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (2011)

A series of nanosized (Fe3-xMnx)1-δO4 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8) were synthesized for elemental mercury capture from the flue gas. Cation vacancies on (Fe3-xMnx)1-δO4 can provide the active sites for elemental mercury adsorption, and Mn(4+) cations on (Fe3-xMnx)1-δO4 may be the oxidizing agents for elemental mercury oxidization. With the increase of Mn content in the spinel structure, the percents of Mn(4+) cations and cation vacancies on the surface increased. As a result, elemental mercury capture by (Fe3-xMnx)1-δO4 was obviously promoted with the increase of Mn content. (Fe2.2Mn0.8)1-δO4 showed an excellent capacity for elemental mercury capture (>1.5 mg g(-1) at 100-300 °C) in the presence of SO2 and HCl. Furthermore, (Fe2.2Mn0.8)1-δO4 with the saturation magnetization of 45.6 emu g(-1) can be separated from the fly ash using magnetic separation, leaving the fly ash essentially free of sorbent and adsorbed Hg. Therefore, nanosized (Fe2.2Mn0.8)1-δO4 may be a promising sorbent for the control of elemental mercury emission.
National Centre of Educational Technology (1974)

This report sets Out to: 1 Sum up briefly the social, political and economical background which called to life the establishment of the National Centre of Educational Technology and made essential the development of a national network of bases for promoting educational technology. 2 Comment on the tasks and the structure of the Centre. 3 Supply information about the planned national base network and about the co-operation with the associated institutions.
Initial-stage growth phenomena and distribution of local configurations of the restricted solid-on-solid model (2004)

We take a detailed study on the restricted solid-on-solid (RSOS) model with finite nearest-neighbor height difference S. We numerically show that, for all finite values of S, the system belongs to the random-deposition (RD) class in the early time stage and then crossovers to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) class. We find that the crossover time scales as Szeta with the crossover exponent zeta=2.06. Besides, we analytically study the RSOS model by grouping consecutive sites into local configurations to obtain the Markov chain describing the time evolution of the probability distribution of these local configurations. For demonstration, we use the RSOS model with S=2 as an explicit example and calculate the correlation functions and even scaling exponents based on the obtained probability distribution of local configurations. The results are very consistent with those obtained from direct simulation of the RSOS model.
Development of a DNA Macroarray for Detection and Monitoring of Economically Important Apple Diseases (2005)

Short DNA gene sequences (oligonucleotides) from the ribosomal spacer regions of bacterial and fungal pathogens were used to identify and monitor economically important apple diseases. The oligonucleotides or probes were attached to a nylon membrane by an amine modified linker arm and arranged in a precise pattern to form an array for detecting five pathogens corresponding to five apple diseases. Initially the specificity of the probes was determined by hybridizing pure cultures of the pathogens to the probes. The DNA array correctly identified Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum, Podosphaera leucotricha, Venturia inaequalis, and Erwinia amylovora and eliminated closely related species. When the array was used to monitor V. inaequalis ascospores collected from spore traps located in orchards, it confirmed the presence of ascospores as predicted by the disease forecasting model. Preliminary tests to quantify P. leucotricha populations using grayscale values was effective to 20 conidia per leaf disk. The DNA array is a promising new detection system for accurate identification of several pathogens in a single test with the potential for being a new tool for epidemiological studies.
Load cells in force sensing analysis -- theory and a novel application (2010)

Load cells have long been used to sense and measure force and torque. When properly designed and used, they are very accurate and reliable sensors. Load cells are applied in several different fields, usually for weighing measurements. Among many other things, food, vehicles, and animals are weighed daily with load cells. The gripper of a robotic arm that picks up an object can be equipped with load cells in order to provide compression force feedback to the control system to prevent the object from being damaged or released too early. Also, load cells can be used to sense the compression forces during a robot's walk to provide data for the equilibrium-controlling system. In industrial machinery, rods, beams, wheels and bars are instrumented in order to check the forces exerted on them. The volume or level of a tank can be measured indirectly by means of a load cell that monitors the total weight. Lift units can also have a load's total weight measured to prevent overload. Because of such a variety of possible applications, load cells are very important. This paper describes some of the theory and practice of load cells, including their basic elements and the electronics necessary for measurement. As an application example, the development of a 3-ring spherical load cell is presented which can be used to measure compression forces on fruit during storage and transportation is presented.
Alkoxysilanes. II. Preparation of Tributoxysiloxychlorosilanes, Silanols, and Their Polymeric Substances (1969)

Abstract Tributoxysiloxychlorosilanes [(BuO)3SiO]xSiCl4−x(Bu=t: x=1,2; Bu=s: x=1,2,3 or 4) were prepared by the reaction of silicon tetrachloride with tributoxysilanol in the presence of pyridine. The hydrolysis of these compounds led to the formation of tributoxysiloxysilanols [(BuO)3SiO]xSi(OH)4−x (Bu=t: x=2; Bu=s: x=2 or 3). Tri-t-butoxysiloxysilanetriol was obtained from the corresponding trichlorosilane under mild hydrolytic conditions by using aniline as an hydrogen-chloride acceptor. On the other hand, the hydrolysis of the trichlorosilane with excess water in the presence of pyridine gave a resinous product. The fractional precipitation of this product gave a white powder soluble in such organic solvents as benzene, n-hexane, ether, and carbon tetrachloride; the powder had a molecular weight between 2500 and 4300. This resin turned into glassy solids upon being heated at 200 or 300°C under reduced pressure; these solids had molecular weights between 5500 and 12500. The possible structures for these polymeric substances were discussed on the basis of the results of the elemental analysis, the IR spectra, and the gas chromatography of volatile substances produced in the course of polymerization.
Trends and Challenges in Satisfiability Modulo Theories. (2007)

In the majority of our subjects with RSV+ve bronchiolitis ECP and LTC4 were detectable in upper airway secretions and were significantly associated with each other. In this clinical setting much of the detected LTC4 within upper airway secretions is likely to originate from the eosinophil, an observation that may have implications for clinical management and for delineation of the underlying mechanisms associated with this illness.
Cyclopolymerization. III. Kinetics of polymerization and copolymerization of vinyl‐<i>trans</i>‐cinnamate (1963)

Abstract The kinetics of cyclopolymerization and cyclo‐copolymerization of vinyl cinnamate were studied. The mechanism of chain propagation during the cyclopolymerization of vinyl cinnamate was considered. By determination of the residual unsaturation of the polymer (I.R. and U.V. spectrometry and bromometry) at different monomer concentrations, it was possible to evaluate the ratio of the cyclization rate constant to the vinyl propagation rate constant; it is equal to 13. In the range of low monomer concentrations the polymerization of vinyl cinnamate is of first order with respect to monomer concentration, and of one half order with respect to initiator concentration. At monomer concentration higher than three mole·1. minus;1 the reaction becomes independent of monomer concentration, and first order with respect to the initiator. Modified copolymer composition equations were derived taking due account of the different reactivity of the monomer radical before and after cyclization; consequently three reactivity ratios r 1 , r 2 , and r 3 have been defined, and the experimental methods for their evaluation determined. On the basis of these equations the following reactivity ratios have been evaluated: vinyl cinnamate(M 1 )‐vinyl acetate r 3 = 1.2 ± 0.1 and r 2 = 0.04; M 1 ‐vinyl pyrrolidone r 3 = 1.15–1.30 and r 1 = 0.01; M 1 ‐methacrylonitrile r 3 = 0.15 and r 2 = 4; M 1 ‐styrene r 1 = 0.25 ± 0.1 and r 2 = 1.25 ± 0.1. The interpretation of these data suggests formation of a pseudo‐cyclic benzyl radical stabilized by resonance before addition of the second vinyl monomer.
Antihistamine Agents. II. Furan Derivatives (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntihistamine Agents. II. Furan DerivativesJ. R. Vaughan Jr. and G. W. AndersonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 7, 2607–2608Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01187a519https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01187a519research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views68Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Research of Quickly Dry Equipments about Chinese Herbal Medicine (2009)

To analyze the Chinese herbal medicine drying system, vacuum and microwave technique, function principle and method are introduced in the paper. The necessity of the system is also put forward. The technology of the Chinese herbal medicine quickly drying in vacuum and microwave is studied and the principle of the design is introduced. Practical usage of the system shows that the equipment is full of good practicability and economic benefit.
Posterior capsule opacification (1999)

The incidence of posterior capsule opacification (PCO), the most common complication of modern cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation, seems to have decreased slightly as a result of improved surgical and cortical cleanup techniques. However, the reported incidence is still significant. The diverse findings on PCO are the result in part of studies using different criteria to clinically judge and quantify the condition. In addition, the influence of intraocular and systemic factors are only now being identified. This second of a 2-part review of PCO focuses on (1) less subjective morphological and patient-dependent means to evaluate and quantify PCO; (2) the influence of ocular factors on PCO; (3) the influence of systemic factors on PCO; (4) available means and approaches to prevent or delay PCO.