gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modelling A-Pillar Water Overflow: Developing CFD and Experimental Methods (2012)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Water accumulating on a vehicle's wind screen, driven over the A-pillar by a combination of aerodynamic forces and the action of the windscreen wipers, can be a significant impediment to driver vision. Surface water film, or streams, persisting in key vision areas of the side glass can impair the drivers' ability to see clearly through to the door mirror, and laterally onto junctions. Common countermeasures include: water management channels and hydrophobic glass coatings. Water management channels have both design and wind noise implications. Hydrophobic coatings entail significant cost.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In order to manage this design optimisation issue a water film and wiper effect model has been developed in collaboration with Jaguar Land Rover, extending the capabilities of the PowerFLOW CFD software. This is complimented by a wind-tunnel based test method for development and validation. The paper presents the progress made to date. The test method, based on installing a rain grid in a climatic wind tunnel, is described. Boundary condition data is extracted to aid CFD model development. This includes: flow similarity assessment against a full scale aerodynamic wind tunnel, water spray flux measurements, screen water distribution, and A-pillar overflow measurements. The CFD method is described and its predictions are compared to experimental data. This includes a simple model to represent the effect of the wiper system. Finally, areas for further improvement in both experimental and computational methods are identified.</div></div>
Narrowing the gap: Probabilistic interfaces for signal enhancement and pattern recognition (2014)

Human beings are highly effective at integrating multiple sources of uncertain information, and mounting evidence points to this integration being practically optimal in a Bayesian sense. Yet, in speech processing systems, the two central tasks of speech signal enhancement and of speech or phonetic-state recognition are often performed almost in isolation, with only estimates of mean values being exchanged between them. This paper describes concepts for enhancing the interface of these two systems, considering a range of appropriate probabilistic representations. Examples will illustrate how such interfaces can improve the quality of both components: On the one hand, more reliable pattern recognition can be attained, while on the other hand, enhanced signal quality is achieved when feeding back information from a pattern recognition stage to the signal preprocessing. This latter idea will be described using the example of twin-HMMs, audiovisual speech models that help to recover lost acoustic information by exploiting video data. Overall, it will be shown how broader, probabilistic interfaces between signal processing and pattern recognition can help to achieve better performance in real-world conditions, and to more closely approximate the Bayesian ideal of using all sources of information in accordance with their respective degree of reliability.
Power-aware HEVC decoding with tunable image quality (2014)

A high pressure is put on mobile devices to support increasingly advanced applications requiring more processing capabilities. Among those, the emerging High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) provides a better video quality for the same bit rate than the previous H.264 standard. A limitation in the usability of a mobile video playing device is the lack of support for guaranteeing stand-by time and up time for battery driven devices. The Green Metadata initiative within the MPEG standard was launched to address the power saving issues of the decoder and defines the technology requirements. In this paper, we propose a HEVC decoder with tunable decoding quality levels for maximum power savings as suggested in the scope of the Green Metadata initiative. Our experiments reveal that the modified HEVC video decoder can save up to 28% of power consumption in real-world platforms while keeping better quality than decoding with H.264.
Rapid Kinetic RT-PCR Quantification of CBFβ-MYH11 and AML1-ETO Translocations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Research Samples (2002)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive malignant hematologic disease requiring immediate cytostatic treatment. In 55% of cases, the leukemic clone is characterized by chromosomal abnormalities, providing specific markers for the detection of minimal residual disease (MRD). Several detection methods are available; the most frequently used are fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and nucleid acid amplification methods, such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
Enzyme Engineering Towards Novel Op-Hydrolases Based on the Human Acetylcholinesterase Template (1996)

Abstract: Protein engineering technologies were used to generate various derivatives of human acetylcholinesterase (HuAChE). These enzymes were reacted with various organophosphates (OP) and reactivators in order to identify key element in the active center determining the efficiency of phosphylation, reactivation and of the aging process. Based on the results obtained we believe that novel biocatalysts with efficient OP-scavenging and possibly even OP-hydrolase activity may be generated, in the near future.
Testing variations of the GW approximation on strongly correlated transition metal oxides: hematite (α-Fe2O3) as a benchmark (2011)

Quantitative characterization of low-lying excited electronic states in materials is critical for the development of solar energy conversion materials. The many-body Green's function method known as the GW approximation (GWA) directly probes states corresponding to photoemission and inverse photoemission experiments, thereby determining the associated band structure. Several versions of the GW approximation with different levels of self-consistency exist in the field. While the GWA based on density functional theory (DFT) works well for conventional semiconductors, less is known about its reliability for strongly correlated semiconducting materials. Here we present a systematic study of the GWA using hematite (α-Fe(2)O(3)) as the benchmark material. We analyze its performance in terms of the calculated photoemission/inverse photoemission band gaps, densities of states, and dielectric functions. Overall, a non-self-consistent G(0)W(0) using input from DFT+U theory produces physical observables in best agreement with experiments.
GPR91 deletion improves lithium‐induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (2012)

Lithium (Li) is a commonly used treatment for bipolar disorders. However, the use of Li is complicated by its renal side effect causing nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI). The mechanism by which Li causes NDI is incompletely understood but cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) are primary players. It has been established that Li inhibits luminal uptake of dicarboxylates including succinate resulting in their increased urinary excretion. Succinate is the ligand of the newly discovered metabolic receptor GPR91 that is highly expressed in the collecting ducts and its signaling involves COX‐2 and PGE2. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that GPR91 plays an important role in Li‐induced NDI. Wild type (WT) and GPR91 −/− mice (n=5 each) were fed normal and Li‐added diets for 14 days and then euthanized to collect kidney tissues. Li‐induced polyuria was significantly less in GPR91 −/− mice (osmolality=604.85 ± 56.96 mOsm, urine output=10.96 ± 1.07 ml/24h) compared to WT mice (osmolality=394.60 ± 29.81 mOsm, urine output=19.37 ± 1.30 ml/24h) with no significant difference in Li intake. AQP2 protein abundance in the medulla was 1.5 fold higher in Li‐treated GPR91 −/− versus WT mice. Also, urinary succinate excretion progressively increased during Li treatment. These data suggest that deletion of GPR91 leads to a significant resistance to Li‐induced polyuria and may provide a novel therapeutic strategy.
Insulin Peptides. XII. Human Insulin Generation by Combination of Synthetic A and B Chains<sup>1</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInsulin Peptides. XII. Human Insulin Generation by Combination of Synthetic A and B Chains1Panayotis G. Katsoyannis, Andrew Tometsko, and Clyde ZalutCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 1, 166–167Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1966https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00953a033RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views124Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (300 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Monte Carlo Simulation Study of a Dual-Plate PET Camera Dedicated to Breast Cancer Imaging (2006)

We studied the performance of a dual-plate positron emission tomography (PET) camera dedicated to breast cancer imaging using Monte Carlo simulation based on GATE open code software. The PET camera under development has two 10times15 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> plates that are constructed from arrays of 1times1times3 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> LSO crystals coupled to novel silicon-based ultra-thin (<300 mum) position-sensitive avalanche photodiodes (PSAPD). With the photodetector configured "edge-on", incoming photons see effectively 2-cm-thick of LSO with directly measured 3-mm photon depth-of-interaction. Simulations predict that this camera will have >10% sensitivity, and detector measurements show ~1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> intrinsic spatial resolution, <12% energy resolution, and ~2 ns coincidence time resolution. With a breast phantom including breast, heart and torso activity (concentration ratio of 1:10:1, respectively), count performance was studied under varying time and energy windows. We also studied visualization of hot spheres within the breast for 1times1times3 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , 2times2times10 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , 3times3times30 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> and 4times4times20 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> crystal resolutions at different plate separations. Images were reconstructed by focal plane tomography and 3D OS-EM with attenuation and solid angle corrections applied. With an activity concentration ratio of tumor:breast:heart:torso of 10:1:10:1, only the dual-plate PET camera comprising 1times1times3 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3 </sup> crystals can resolve 2.5-mm tumor spheres with an average peak-to-valley ratio of 1.3 in only 30 seconds of acquisition time
Gestión asociada para el desarrollo local sustentable del Teuco-Bermejito (2001)

After a long period of vindicating claims and growing organization, the indigenous community TOBA achieved in 1999, the return of 150,000 hectares by the delivery, by the Government of the Province of Chaco, of the Community Title of land to the Association MEGUESOXOCm. This act of reparation to a community historically postponed, unleashes a series of consequences on the population settled in the Interfluve area, the most significant being the relocation of Creole settlers. To the tremendous difficulties that these families must face to achieve survival are now added the important tensions that emerge from the change in the legal status of the land, which turns part of the inhabitants, who occupied tax lands, into interlopers. Families, both Toba and Creole who, from the delivery of the community title occupy strips with specific destination (lands destined to the Creoles or securitized in favor of the aboriginal community) and must relocate; that is, they are subject to an involuntary relocation. It is necessary to clarify that the next population movements not only affect Tabas and Creole families in the area, but that there is even the possibility of the return of tabas who had emigrated from the Interfluve Teuco-Bermejito, today creditors of these lands. The anxiety for a future that is uncertain and exceeds the own capacities of the local population, added to the own climatic characteristics of the region, where there are negative effects and adversities derived from cycles of droughts and floods, in a context of economic crisis , which crosses the country and the province, explains that the inhabitants of the area are subject to a critical situation, emergency and uncertainty, which highlights the social urgency, and the need to build an adequate response. To face this complex situation and give a comprehensive response, the Province of Chaco forms the Provincial Mixed Commission that has launched a process of participatory and intersectional planning in order to design and implement a project that ensures the sustainability of the region and its inhabitants: the Interfluve Integrated Project. Within this process of participatory planning, a preparatory stage of sensitization of actors has been carried out and it is necessary to advance in the consensual design of the integrated project and its programs. The Change Project Associated Management for the Sustainable Local Development of Teuco-Bermejito provides essential elements for a process of this nature: appropriate methodologies and scenarios for the design of viable strategies, intersectoriality and participation. The formulation of the Teuco Bermejito Integrated Project and its programs then has an Ad-hoc Technical Assistance that facilitates the achievement of the results of this design stage and the consolidation of the local development process in which it is inserted.
Anisotropic polymer bonded hard-magnetic films for microelectromechanical system applications (2006)

Thick hard-magnetic films have been prepared from NdFeB microparticles dispersed in polymethylmethacrylate solutions. The preparation process included the application of different magnetic fields during the drying of the hard particles dispersion, which resulted on different degrees of out-of-plane macroscopic anisotropy. From the analysis of the temperature dependence of the coercivity of the films it was concluded that the induced macroscopic anisotropy was linked to the occurrence of columnar particle aggregates.
Initiation of DNA Replication at Palindromic Telomeres Is Mediated by a Duplex-to-Hairpin Transition Induced by the Minute Virus of Mice Nonstructural Protein NS1 (1998)

The linear single-stranded DNA genome of the minute virus of mice (MVM) is replicated via a double-stranded replicative form (RF) intermediate. Amplification of this RF is initiated by the folding-back of palindromic sequences serving as primers for strand-displacement synthesis and formation of dimeric RF DNA. Using an in vitro replication assay and a cloned MVM DNA template, we observed hairpin-primed DNA replication at both MVM DNA termini, with a bias toward right-end initiation. Initiation of DNA replication is favored by nuclear components of A9 cell extract and highly stimulated by the MVM nonstructural protein NS1. Hairpin-primed DNA replication is also observed in the presence of NS1 and the Klenow fragment of the Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I. Addition of ATPgammaS (adenosine 5'-O-(thiotriphosphate)) blocks the initiation of DNA replication but not the extension of pre-existing hairpin primers formed in the presence of NS1 only. The NS1-mediated unwinding of the right-end palindrome may account for the recently reported capacity of NS1 for driving dimer RF synthesis in vitro.
ChemInform Abstract: Organophosphorus‐Mediated N—N Bond Formation: Facile Access to 3‐Amino‐2H‐indazoles. (2016)

Abstract Reductive cyclization of 2‐nitro‐benzamidines (I) and (III) affords title compounds (II) and (IV), resp., in moderate to high yields.
Fracture models in the lumbar sheep spine: A biomechanical investigation (2010)

The purpose of this study was to find out if a limited resection of the cranial vertebral body leaving the posterior wall intact is a sufficient model for AO type 3 fractures, or if additional resection of the posterior wall is necessary. In six, fresh-frozen, lumbar sheep spine specimens, the segmental stability was tested in three motion planes in a spine tester. First, the intact specimens were tested. Then, partial resection of the intervertebral disc L3/4 and resection of the cranial vertebral body of L4 was performed, leaving the posterior wall intact. This defect was tested without instrumentation and with a ventral monosegmental interlocking plate mounted. Then, the defect was extended to a total cranial resection, including the posterior wall, and the tests were subsequently repeated. The stability of both types of defects under the different conditions was compared. Without instrumentation, the total cranial resection showed significantly more ROM in flexion/extension and axial rotation than partial cranial resection. With the ventral interlocking plate mounted, the instability in total cranial resection was significantly higher in flexion/extension, with the relative relation even being increased. In axial rotation and lateral bending, the differences were equalized by the mounted plate. From a biomechanical point of view, total cranial resection including the posterior wall should be preferred as a sheep spine fracture model for AO type 3 fractures.
Controlled Pilot Development Unit‐Scale Fed‐Batch Cultivation of Yeast on Spruce Hydrolysates (2007)

Yeast production on hydrolysate is a likely process solution in large-scale ethanol production from lignocellulose. The hydrolysate will be available on site, and the yeast has furthermore been shown to acquire an increased inhibitor tolerance when cultivated on hydrolysate. However, due to over-flow metabolism and inhibition, efficient yeast production on hydrolysate can only be achieved by well-controlled substrate addition. In the present work, a method was developed for controlled addition of hydrolysate to PDU (process development unit)-scale aerobic fed-batch cultivations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae TMB 3000. A feed rate control strategy, which maintains the ethanol concentration at a low constant level, was adapted to process-like conditions. The ethanol concentration was obtained from on-line measurements of the ethanol mole fraction in the exhaust gas. A computer model of the system was developed to optimize control performance. Productivities, biomass yields, and byproduct formation were evaluated. The feed rate control worked satisfactorily and maintained the ethanol concentration close to the setpoint during the cultivations. Biomass yields of 0.45 g/g were obtained on added hexoses during cultivation on hydrolysate and of 0.49 g/g during cultivation on a synthetic medium with glucose as the carbon source. Exponential growth was achieved with a specific growth rate of 0.18 h-1 during cultivation on hydrolysate and 0.22 h-1 during cultivation on glucose.
Empirical Modeling of Spatially Diverging Performance (2020)

A common simplification made when modeling the performance of a parallel program is the assumption that the performance behavior of all processes or threads is largely uniform. Empirical performance-modeling tools such as Extra-P exploit this common pattern to make their modeling process more noise resilient, mitigating the effect of outliers by summarizing performance measurements of individual functions across all processes. While the underlying assumption does not equally hold for all applications, knowing the qualitative differences in how the performance of individual processes changes as execution parameters are varied can reveal important performance bottlenecks such as malicious patterns of load imbalance. A challenge for empirical modeling tools, however, arises from the fact that the behavioral class of a process may depend on the process configuration, letting process ranks migrate between classes as the number of processes grows. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to the problem of modeling of spatially diverging performance based on a certain type of process clustering. We apply our technique to identify a previously unknown performance bottleneck in the BoSSS fluid-dynamics code. Removing it made the code regions in question running up to 20 times and the application as a whole run up to 4.5 times faster.
An 80-Mev Model of a 300-Mev Betatron (1950)

The construction and operation of a flux-biased 80-Mev betatron is described. This betatron was built as a model to test design features later to be incorporated in a 300-Mev betatron. Particular attention is paid to factors influencing design and to considerations of magnetic problems which are common to betatrons and synchrotrons such as the construction of field magnets which are uniform, the testing of fields at injection time, the mechanism of electron capture, and the influence of field inhomogeneities. The dimensions and operating characteristics are included together with many comparisons with the 300-Mev betatron.
Fabrication of Piezoresistive Sensors in Standard MEMS Foundry Processes (2006)

A technique for fabrication of piezoresistive sensors in standard MEMS processes is introduced. A pair of beams from different structural layers are designed such that when one beam is under tension, the other one is under compression. By properly routing an electrical current through the structure, it is possible to measure the change in the resistance of beams as a result of applied stress. The proposed method does not require electrical isolation of piezoresistors from structural layers, and as confirmed by experiments, can be practically used for small deflections. Sample structures were fabricated in the MUMPs process and were employed to prove the validity of the design principle. Using the Maxwell-Mohr method, an analytical model is developed for the proposed structure and is verified by finite element simulations. Using modeling and experimental results, the piezoresistive coefficient of the top polysilicon layer in MUMPs process was calculated to be $11.5times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-11</sup> nPa <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> . Having the proper structure, its model, and the piezoresistive coefficient of the material, it is now possible to design and optimize a wide variety of piezoresistive sensors, such as accelerometers and magnetic field sensors, in low-cost standard MEMS processes
Faculty Opinions recommendation of A clinical risk stratification tool for predicting treatment resistance in major depressive disorder. (2013)

Background-Early identification of depressed individuals at high risk for treatment-resistance could be helpful in selecting optimal setting and intensity of care. At present, validated tools to facilitate this risk stratification are rarely used in psychiatric practice.