gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Development of a New Type of Rechargeable Batteries Based on Hybrid Electrolytes (2010)

Lithium ion batteries (LIBs), which have the highest energy density among all currently available rechargeable batteries, have recently been considered for use in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and pure electric vehicles (PEV). A major challenge in this effort is to increase the energy density of LIBs to satisfy the industrial needs of HEVs, PHEVs, and PEVs. Recently, new types of lithium-air and lithium-copper batteries that employ hybrid electrolytes have attracted significant attention; these batteries are expected to succeed lithium ion batteries as next-generation power sources. Herein, we review the concept of hybrid electrolytes, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, we examine new battery types that use hybrid electrolytes.
Binding of Calmodulin to the Carboxy-Terminal Region of p21 Induces Nuclear Accumulation via Inhibition of Protein Kinase C-Mediated Phosphorylation of Ser153 (2005)

Intracellular localization plays an important role in the functional regulation of the cell cycle inhibitor p21. We have previously shown that calmodulin binds to p21 and that calmodulin is essential for the nuclear accumulation of p21. Here, we analyze the mechanism of this regulation. We show that calmodulin inhibits in vitro phosphorylation of p21 by protein kinase C (PKC) and that this inhibition is dependent upon calmodulin binding to p21. Two-dimensional electrophoresis analysis of cells expressing the p21 wild type or p21S153A, a nonphosphorylatable mutant of p21 at position 153, indicates that Ser153 of p21 is a phosphorylable residue in vivo. Furthermore, Western blot analysis using phospho-Ser153-specific antibodies indicates that Ser153 phosphorylation in vivo is induced when PKC is activated and calmodulin is inhibited. The mutation of Ser153 to aspartate, a pseudophosphorylated residue, inhibits the nuclear accumulation of p21. Finally, whereas wild-type p21 translocates to the cytoplasm after PKC activation in the presence of calmodulin inhibitors, p21 carrying a nonphosphorylatable residue at position 153 remains in the nucleus. We propose that calmodulin binding to p21 prevents its phosphorylation by PKC at Ser153 and consequently allows its nuclear localization. When phosphorylated at Ser153, p21 is located at the cytoplasm and disrupts stress fibers.
NHK, Abe and the World: (2019)

Japan’s hosting of the 2020 Summer Olympics and Summer Paralympics is bringing the attention of global media and the world more than the country has experienced since the economic bubble years of the last century. NHK, Japan’s quasi-official broadcaster, is ratcheting up its world service in advance of this international spotlight, which is consequently bringing more attention to the country’s low press freedom ranking, last among the Group of Seven industrialized nations, and 67 among 180 nations and regions, according to Reporters Without Borders. This ranking places Japan above Lesotho and below El Salvador. The Shinzo Abe administration and other government officials are often at odds with press coverage that is critical of the government, reinforced by no public debate on the 2013 state secrets protection law and a unilateral cabinet decision in 2014 to change the pacifist nature of the Constitution of Japan. This chapter will explore the press and politics environment of modern Japan, specifically NHK’s role as an enabler network to the needs and whims of the government. Finally, it will underscore the challenges faced by the Abe administration’s global nation branding efforts against the backdrop of international attention and criticism of Japan’s press-government relations.
DETERMINATION OF THE DISSOLUTION OF FAMOTIDINE DISPERSIBLE TABLETS BY HPLC (2008)

Objective An HPLC method was established for the determination of the dissolution of Famotidine Dispersible Tablets.Methods The C18 column was used with Sodium heptanesulfonate solution (After adds the 900ml water dissolution, adjusts the pH value with the acetic acid glacial is 3.9, adds water to 1000 ml)-acetonitrile-methanol (25∶6∶1)as mobile phase. The detection wavelength was 215 nm.The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. Results There was a good linear relationship(r=0.999 8)when famotidine was 10.56～24.64 μg/ml,the average recovery was 99.6%and RSD was 0.34%. Conclusion The method was simple,accurate,and highly sensitive.It was effective for the quality control for the famotidine Dispersible Tablets.
Brief Report: Young Adult Women, Sexting, and Risky Sexual Behaviors (2017)

The present study explored associations between sexually explicit text messaging (sexting), social media use, and engagement in risky sexual behaviors among young adult women to determine whether online sexting and social media activity was associated with real-world sexual behaviors. Participants completed a self-administered anonymous, online survey that included 66 questions assessing demographic information, use of technology, sexting activity, and sexual behaviors. A greater proportion of participants reported sexting than in previous studies and results indicate sexting is used to maintain intimate relationships online. Results also suggest that, for young women, social media and sexting facilitate alternative intimate communication, without physical intimacy. As interactions in online settings become more common within intimate and committed relationships, attitudes toward conventional, unconventional, and riskier sexual behaviors may also become more positive. Thus, present findings are valuable for understanding technology’s role in young adult women’s sexual behaviors.
The Premenstrual Period and Exacerbations in Multiple Sclerosis (2002)

The aim of this study was to assess whether an association exists between the premenstrual period and exacerbations of multiple sclerosis (MS). The subjects were 56 premenopausal patients with relapsing MS and a regular menstrual cycle. Data over the previous 2 years were gathered from a structured MS database and a comprehensive questionnaire. 42% had exacerbations starting in the premenstrual phase. Within this group the proportion of premenstrual exacerbations was significantly higher than in the remaining period of the menstrual cycle, and in 45% all exacerbations had started during the premenstrual phase. There was no relationship with the premenstrual syndrome, and there was no protective effect of oral contraceptives. Our results suggest that the premenstrual period triggers exacerbations in a subgroup of females with MS.
Adaptive Recurrent Neural Network Based on Mixture Layer (2018)

Although Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) has been a powerful tool for modeling sequential data, its performance is inadequate when processing sequences with multiple patterns. In this paper, we address this challenge by introducing a novel mixture layer and constructing an adaptive RNN. The mixture layer augmented RNN (termed as M-RNN) partitions patterns in training sequences into several clusters and stores the principle patterns as prototype vectors of components in a mixture model. By leveraging the mixture layer, the proposed method can adaptively update states according to the similarities between encoded inputs and prototype vectors, leading to a stronger capacity in assimilating sequences with multiple patterns. Moreover, our approach can be further extended by taking advantage of prior knowledge about data. Experiments on both synthetic and real datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
First-principles studies of beryllium doping of GaN (2001)

The structural and electronic properties of beryllium substitutional acceptors and interstitial donors in GaN are investigated using first-principles calculations based on pseudopotentials and density-functional theory. In p-type GaN, Be interstitials, which act as donors, have formation energies comparable to that of substitutional Be on the Ga site, which is an acceptor. In thermodynamic equilibrium, incorporation of Be interstitials will therefore result in severe compensation. To investigate the kinetics of Be interstitial incorporation and outdiffusion we have explored the total-energy surface. The diffusivity of Be interstitials is highly anisotropic, with a migration barrier in planes perpendicular to the c axis of 1.2 eV, while the barrier for motion along the c axis is 2.9 eV. We have also studied complex formation between interstitial donors and substitutional acceptors, and between hydrogen and substitutional beryllium. The results for wurtzite GaN are compared with those for the zinc-blende phase. Consequences for p-type doping using Be acceptors are discussed.
Enzyme‐Catalyzed Reactions as Influenced by Inert Gases at High Pressures (1969)

SUMMARY — The activities of tyrosinase, invertase, trypsin and chymotrypsin were studied after exposure to one or more of the following high‐pressure inert gases: N 2 O at 600 psig or N 2 or Ar each at 5000 psig. Exposure to high‐pressure nitrogen or argon failed to significantly inhibit the rate of tyrosinase activity in fluid systems. However, the rates of tyrosinase‐catalyzed reactions in shell‐cast gelatin gels were significantly depressed by exposure to high‐pressure nitrogen, and even more so by high‐pressure nitrous oxide. This inhibition proved to be oxygen dependent and reversible. Pressurization experiments with invertase, trypsin and chymotrypsin indicated that high‐pressure N 2 O did not significantly inhibit these enzymes. This lends support to the hypothesis that high‐pressure inert gases inhibited tyrosinase activity in nonfluid systems by decreasing the availability of oxygen, rather than by physically altering the enzyme. It must be concluded that there is little hope that the enzymes in food systems can be effectively inhibited by brief exposure to inert gases at pressures of 5000 psig or less.
Comparison of PAX‐2, RCC antigen, and antiphosphorylated H2AX antibody (γ‐H2AX) in diagnosing metastatic renal cell carcinoma by fine‐needle aspiration (2008)

Diagnosing metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) can be challenging. Existing antibodies supporting a diagnosis of RCC, including CD10 and RCC-Ma, have problems with specificity and interpretation. In this report, we evaluate the use of two newer immunostains, PAX-2 and gamma-H2AX, which to our knowledge have not been studied in FNA material, in the diagnosis of metastatic RCC and in comparison with RCC-Ma. 29 cases of metastatic RCC were identified as well as a TMA of an additional 30 RCC cases. In the case cohort, RCC-Ma in a membranous pattern of staining identified 15/27 (56%) metastatic RCC, although interpretation was made difficult in many cases due to focality of staining and non-specific cytoplasmic staining. PAX-2 stained 23/29 (79%) of tumors in a nuclear stain, most strongly. Gamma-H2AX stained 19/26 (73%) of metastatic RCC strongly in a nuclear stain. In the TMA, strong, diffuse nuclear staining with gamma-H2AX was present in 22/30 RCC (73%). If weak staining was also included as positive, 26/30 (87%) were positive. PAX-2 stained RCC TMA with a lower percentage at 56%, including weaker staining intensity. Both PAX-2 and gamma-H2AX demonstrated patchy staining of normal renal tubules, PAX-2 to a greater extent. Both PAX-2 and gamma-H2AX are sensitive markers for the diagnosis of metastatic RCC, with improved ease of interpretation when compared with RCC-Ma. A combination of all 3 markers identified 87% of cases, and failure to stain for both PAX-2 and gamma-H2AX suggests against, but does not disprove, a diagnosis of RCC.
Rapid GUI development on legacy systems (2012)

Graphical User Interface (GUI) is a common feature for modern software systems, while there are still many legacy systems that do not have GUIs, but only provide text and commands for user interaction. In this paper, we report our experiment on using runtime models to support the rapid, generation-based development of simple GUIs for such legacy systems. We construct runtime models for the target system as an intermediate representations of the underlying system state, and in this way wrap the low-level interaction mechanisms of the legacy systems. After that, we visualize the models with a graphical editor. Due to the causal connection between runtime models and the runtime system state, users can monitor and control the system state by reading and writing the models, and in this way, using the graphical model editor as the GUI of the system. Based on the existing framework for runtime model construction and model visualization, it is possible to achieve the rapid development process of such GUIs in the form of high-level specification and automated generation. We experiment with this idea by using two existing frameworks, [email protected] and GMF, to develop a series of GUIs for an electricity simulation system named GridLAB-D. We also enhance the existing [email protected] framework with cache mechanisms in order to suit GUIs.
Sigma ratings: adapting the credit rating agency model for the anti-money laundering world (2019)

Purpose Sigma Ratings is a new entrant to the anti-money laundering (AML) marketplace and seeks to alleviate some of the inherent flaws within the AML regime. This paper aims to examine those flaws and ask whether Sigma may succeed in this bourgeoning marketplace. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based upon a normative methodology, which takes place after reviewing the relevant literature to examine the potential success for Sigma Ratings. Findings The paper finds that there is indeed a position for Sigma Ratings in the marketplace, and that it may alleviate key issues within the AML regime. Originality/value The paper presents Sigma Ratings to the literature for the first time and positions this against an examination of the role of banks within AML – Sigma’s main demographic.
Implantation potential and fetal viability of mouse embryos cultured in media supplemented with platelet-activating factor (1990)

Supplementation of culture media with PAF failed to increase the proportion of 2-cell mouse embryos which developed through to the expanded blastocyst stage after 72 h of culture in vitro. Culture of embryos with 1.86 microM-PAF, however, significantly increased the number of cells in expanded blastocysts. Culture in vitro with 0.186 or 1.86 microM-PAF significantly increased the ability of embryos to implant upon transfer to pseudopregnant recipients. The specificity of this effect was demonstrated by its inhibition by the specific PAF-receptor antagonist, SRI 63-441. Of the embryos which implanted, there was no difference in the proportions of PAF-treated or control embryos which resorbed nor was there any effect of PAF on fetal weight or crown-rump length measurements. Embryos cultured with 1.86 microM-PAF did have slightly heavier placentae than their respective controls. These results demonstrate the ability of exogenous PAF to enhance the viability of preimplantation mouse embryos cultured in vitro and support the hypothesis that a major site of the action of PAF during early pregnancy is the embryo itself.
One-step process to fabricate Ag–polypyrrole coaxial nanocables (2005)

Ag-polypyrrole nanocables were fabricated in aqueous solution at room temperature through a redox reaction between silver nitrite and pyrrole, using poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)(PVP) as assistant agent.
PICAP 3: an SIMD architecture for multidimensional signal processing (1988)

The large amount of data involved in image processing has created a demand for more powerful computer architectures. PICAP 3 is a parallel architecture designed to meet these needs, particularly for multi-dimensional data sets. The machine efficiently handles not only conventional image operations but also operations specific to multi-dimensional images such as projections.
An array of word-parallel processing elements forms the heart of the architecture. The typical system consists of 64 such elements, each with 4 Mbytes of memory for a total size of 256 Mbytes. The elements are joined in a one-dimensional fashion, forming a linear structure. All processors execute the same instructions issued by a central control unit, thus operating in SIMD-mode. Besides the pure SIMD operation, the processors are allowed some local freedom. The local activity-bit enables data-dependent operation and so does the local address modification facility, unique to an SIMD architecture. A fast but simple I/O-system gets data in and out of the array without interference with ongoing processing.
The programming of new operations is done at the microinstruction level. A microcode optimizer allows the programmer to describe the algorithms in a sequential form, similar to ordinary assembly programming. The optimizer then automatically translates the result into parallel microcode. Further, direct access to all parts of the machine during execution allows for efficient debugging.
The machine has been verified for a number of image processing algorithms as well as a few others. A limited number of the operations has also been implemented on the prototype system. The results indicate that the PICAP 3 performance is well in parity with other high-performance image processing architectures but at a much lower cost.
This thesis describes the PICAP 3 architecture as well as the implementation of a number of algorithms. The characteristics of the architecture are also discussed and set in contrast to other image processing machines.
Main Benefits and Applicability of Plant Extracts in Skin Care Products (2015)

Natural ingredients have been used for centuries for skin care purposes. Nowadays, they are becoming more prevalent in formulations, due to consumers’ concerns about synthetic ingredients/chemical substances. The main benefits reported for plant extracts, used in skin care, include antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and tyrosinase inhibition effect. In this review, some examples of plants from Portuguese flora, whose extracts have shown good properties for skin care are presented. However, despite the known properties of plant extracts, few studies reported the development of formulations with them. More work in this field can be accomplished to meet consumer demand.
Cardiovascular changes in mucopolysaccharidoses in Taiwan (2005)

From 1991 to 2002, we managed 72 patients with mucopolysaccharidoses. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 37 for whom detailed physical findings and cardiovascular evaluation were available. Twenty patients had serial electrocardiographic (ECG) examinations, and none had arrhythmias. All 20 patients had low R wave voltage in V6. One type VI patient had ischaemic changes secondary to severe cardiomyopathy at the terminal stage of her disease. Among the 37 patients in whom echocardiography was performed, cardiovascular abnormalities progressed with age, although most had mild clinical signs and symptoms. The most common changes were abnormalities of the mitral and aortic valves hypertrophy of the interventricular septum, especially in types I, II, and VI. During the follow-up period of up to 5 years, 3 type II patients and I type VI patient expired. In at least 3 of these patients, death was related to cardiopulmonary failure. As MPS patients are surviving longer, complete cardiac evaluation at regular intervals is mandatory and should be part of their routine assessment.
Acoustical Factors Affecting Hearing Aid Performance (1992)

The first edition of this book, published in 1980, helped to distribute the (then) new information presented at the Acoustical Factors Affecting Hearing Aid Performance conference in New York City in 1978. At least in the case of purely acoustical matters, a great deal of progress has since been mad
Optimal timing of switches between product sales for sports and entertainment tickets (2007)

Abstract Like airlines and hotels, sports teams and entertainment venues can benefit from revenue management efforts for their ticket sales. Teams and entertainment venues usually offer bundles of tickets early in their selling horizon and put single‐event tickets on sale at a later date; these organizations must determine the best time to offer individual tickets because both types of ticket sales consume the same fixed inventory. We model the optimal a priori timing decision for a seller with a fixed number of identical tickets to switch from selling the tickets as fixed bundles to individual tickets to maximize the revenue realized before the start of the performance season. We assume that bundle and single‐ticket customers each arrive according to independent, nonhomogeneous Markovian death processes with a linear death rate that can vary over time and that the benefit from selling a ticket in a package is higher than from selling the ticket individually. We characterize the circumstances in which it is optimal for the seller to practice mixed bundling and when the seller should only sell bundles or individual tickets, and we establish comparative statics for the optimal timing decision for the special case of constant customer arrival rates. We extend our analytical results to find the optimal time for offering two groups of tickets with high and low demand. Finally, we apply the timing model to a data set obtained from the sports industry. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008
[Activity of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and vasopressin level in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension]. (1998)

PPH patients display a noticeable activation of RAAS and VP. This activation seems to be secondary as the changes increase with elevation of the pressure in the pulmonary artery and aggravation of circulatory insufficiency. Plasma renin activity determines the degree of RAAS activation as a whole. The discovered activation of RAAS in PPH gives grounds for doubts in the validity of using ACE inhibitors in the treatment of PPH.
View of Johnsonville (1885)

View of Johnsonville, showing the Wellington and Manawatu Railway line and the Johnsonville Railway Station, in the left background. A man wearing a bowler hat is sitting in the left foreground, and a haystack can be seen at the right. Photograph taken between 1885 and 1888 by Wrigglesworth & Binns of Wellington. 
Identifed from Uncommon carrier : the history of the Wellington and Manawatu Railway Company, 1882-1908 / K.R. Cassells. 
Inscriptions: Photographer's title on negative - bottom right - 180. Johnsonville. W&B 
Quantity: 1 b&w original photographic print(s). 
Physical Description: Collodion print 15 x 20.5 cm, mounted on album page 23.4 x 30.1 cm
Metallization systems for ohmic contacts to p- and n-type GaAs (1979)

Abstract Various metallization systems to n- and p-type GaAs have been investigated. The fabrication of the ohmic contacts and the method of contact resistance measurements are described. For each metallization system investigated, there exists an optimum alloying cycle (i.e. alloying temperature and time) which gives minimum contact resistance.
The Meaning, Measurement and Modification of Hypoxia in the Laboratory and the Clinic (2014)

Hypoxia was identified as a microenvironmental component of solid tumours over 60 years ago and was immediately recognised as a potential barrier to therapy through the reliance of radiotherapy on oxygen to elicit maximal cytotoxicity. Over the last two decades both clinical and experimental studies have markedly enhanced our understanding of how hypoxia influences cellular behaviour and therapy response. Furthermore, they have confirmed early assumptions that low oxygenation status in tumours is an exploitable target in cancer therapy. Generally such approaches will be more beneficial to patients with hypoxic tumours, necessitating the use of biomarkers that reflect oxygenation status. Tissue biomarkers have shown utility in many studies. Further significant advances have been made in the non-invasive measurement of tumour hypoxia with positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and other imaging modalities. Here, we describe the complexities of defining and measuring tumour hypoxia and highlight the therapeutic approaches to combat it.