gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unmixing-based multisensor multiresolution image fusion (1999)

Constrained and unconstrained algorithms of the multisensor multiresolution technique (MMT) are discussed. They can be applied to unmix low-resolution images using the information about their pixel composition from co-registered high-resolution images. This makes it possible to fuse the low- and high-resolution images for a synergetic interpretation. The constrained unmixing preserves all the available radiometric information of the low-resolution image. On the other hand, the unconstrained unmixing may be preferable in case of noisy data. An analysis of the MMT sensitivity to sensor errors showed that the strongest requirement is the accuracy of geometric co-registration of the data; the co-registration errors should not exceed 0.1-0.2 of the low-resolution pixel size. Applications of the constrained and unconstrained algorithms are illustrated on examples of unmixing and fusion of the multiresolution reflective and thermal bands of a real TM/LANDSAT image as well as of a simulated image of the future ASTER/EOS-AMI sensor.
Comments on "modified K-means algorithm for vector quantizer design" (2000)

Previously a modified K-means algorithm for vector quantization design has been proposed where the codevector updating step is as follows: new codevector=current codevector+scale factor (new centroid-current codevector). This algorithm uses a fixed value for the scale factor. In this paper, we propose the use of a variable scale factor which is a function of the iteration number. For the vector quantization of image data, we show that it offers faster convergence than the modified K-means algorithm with a fixed scale factor, without affecting the optimality of the codebook.
Substitution of cysteine for selenocysteine in type I iodothyronine deiodinase reduces the catalytic efficiency of the protein but enhances its translation. (1992)

Type I iodothyronine 5' deiodinase (5'DI) contains selenocysteine, encoded by a UGA codon, and this amino acid is essential for maximum catalytic efficiency in this enzyme. We recently showed that translation of UGA as selenocysteine in this protein requires a specific sequence of about 250 nucleotides in the 3' untranslated region of the messenger RNA. Translation of a 5'DI cysteine mutant does not require the 3' untranslated region. To examine both the efficiency of UGA codon recognition and the relative catalytic efficiency of selenocysteine vs. cysteine in 5'DI, we used bromoacetyl 125I-T3 labeling to quantitate transiently expressed selenocysteine (wild type) and cysteine containing type I iodothyronine deiodinases in transfected COS-7 and JEG-3 cell lines. Kinetic analyses of the same cell sonicates were performed to determine the apparent maximum velocity and Michaelis-Menten constant values for reverse T3 5' deiodination. COS-7 cells express the cysteine mutant protein at about 20-fold and JEG-3 cells about 400-fold higher levels than the selenoenzyme. However, in both cell types, the apparent catalytic constant values were at least 100-fold higher for the wild-type enzyme, compared with the cysteine mutant. These results indicate that cell lines differ markedly in their capacity to translate UGA-containing messenger RNAs. The much higher catalytic constant values for the selenium-containing enzyme illustrate the biochemical advantage of this element as compared with sulfur in the catalysis of iodothyronine deiodination.
Side-Scan Sonar for Inspecting Coastal Structures (1983)

Abstract : Side-scan sonar (SSS) is an effective tool for inspecting the underwater portion of coastal structures. This note discusses SSS methods for inspecting both sloping and vertical-wall structures.
Sounding out the Reactivity of Trimethylyttrium (2006)

The fundamental reactivity of amorphous [YMe3]n was representatively examined: toward GaMe3 as a Lewis acid, 9-fluorenone as a carbonyl substrate, and tetramethyldisilazane (HN(SiHMe2)2) as a Brønsted acid. The products obtained from the 3-equiv reactions were spectroscopically and X-ray crystallographically identified. Y(GaMe4)3 shows Y- - -Ga distances of 3.0393(4) and 3.0502(3) Å, which are significantly shorter than the Y- - -Al distances in Y[AlMe4]3[Al2Me6]0.5 (av 3.068 Å). The homoleptic alkoxide [Y(OC14H11)3]x bearing sterically demanding 9-Me-fluorenoxy ligands documents high methyl group transfer economy via the 1,2-addition reaction of [YMe3]n to 9-fluorenone; it was obtained in single-crystalline form in a minor byproduct, the asymmetric dimer [Y(OC14H11)2(μ-OC14H11)]2(9-fluorenone). The previously elusive unsolvated complex {Y[N(SiHMe2)2]3} also shows a dimeric molecular composition, {Y[N(SiHMe2)2]2[μ-N(SiHMe2)2]}2, featuring asymmetrically bridging silylamide ligands and Y- - -SiH multi-β-agostic interactions in the solid state [(Y- - -Si)min 3.0521(7) Å, (Y- - -H)min 2.41(3) Å, ν(Si−H)agostic 1931 cm-1].
Nod factor structures, responses, and perception during initiation of nodule development (2002)

The onset of nodule development, the result of rhizobia-legume symbioses, is determined by the exchange of chemical compounds between microsymbiont and leguminous host plant. Lipo-chitooligosaccharidic nodulation (Nod) factors, secreted by rhizobia, belong to these signal molecules. Nod factors consist of an acylated chitin oligomeric backbone with various substitutions at the (non)reducing-terminal and/or nonterminal residues. They induce the formation and deformation of root hairs, intra- and extracellular alkalinization, membrane potential depolarization, changes in ion fluxes, early nodulin gene expression, and formation of nodule primordia. Nod factors play a key role during nodule initiation and act at nano- to picomolar concentrations. A correct chemical structure is required for induction of a particular plant response, suggesting that Nod factor-receptor interaction(s) precede(s) a Nod factor-induced signal transduction cascade. Current data on Nod factor structures and Nod factor-induced responses are highlighted as well as recent advances in the characterization of proteins, possibly involved in recognition of Nod factors by the host plant.
Epidemiological and toxicological aspects of nitrates and nitrites in the environment. (1972)

Epidemiological and toxicological aspects of nitrates and nitrites in the environment. H I Shuval, and N GruenerCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.62.8.1045 Published Online: October 07, 2011
A Solid-State Electrochemical Cell Based on Ion Conductive Ceramics (1968)

A solid‐state electrochemical cell has been devised using a ceramic ion conducting electrolyte and ceramic electrodes which are simultaneously ion and electron conducting. Charge/discharge of the cell occurs without chemical phase change and the reaction of the cell to an electric current is therefore capacitive. The origin of the capacitance is discussed in terms of the crystal structure of the ceramic used and the transient electrical characteristics described in terms of diffusion theory. Possible applications are suggested.
Biased Gene Fractionation and Dominant Gene Expression among the Subgenomes of Brassica rapa (2012)

Polyploidization, both ancient and recent, is frequent among plants. A "two-step theory" was proposed to explain the meso-triplication of the Brassica "A" genome: Brassica rapa. By accurately partitioning of this genome, we observed that genes in the less fractioned subgenome (LF) were dominantly expressed over the genes in more fractioned subgenomes (MFs: MF1 and MF2), while the genes in MF1 were slightly dominantly expressed over the genes in MF2. The results indicated that the dominantly expressed genes tended to be resistant against gene fractionation. By re-sequencing two B. rapa accessions: a vegetable turnip (VT117) and a Rapid Cycling line (L144), we found that genes in LF had less non-synonymous or frameshift mutations than genes in MFs; however mutation rates were not significantly different between MF1 and MF2. The differences in gene expression patterns and on-going gene death among the three subgenomes suggest that "two-step" genome triplication and differential subgenome methylation played important roles in the genome evolution of B. rapa.
On Silicon-Integrated Micro-Transformers and Their Applications in Quasi-Resonant Flyback Converters (2022)

This article has shown the design and characterization of silicon-integrated thin-film micro-transformers and their application in a quasi-resonant flyback converter. Two micro-transformers with different turn ratios of 4:4 and 3:3 were designed. The micro-transformers in this study have elongated spiral shape windings sandwiched between two layers of the thin-film magnetic core, and this structure can leverage the anisotropic core property. The micro-transformers were built on a silicon substrate using micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMSs) fabrication process to ensure a high integration level and high power density. The inductance of 4:4 and 3:3 micro-transformers are 57.3 and 31.5 nH, respectively, their coupling coefficients are 90.5% and 82.7% at 30–40 MHz, and the measured quality factors are 7.82 at 21 MHz and 8.94 at 35 MHz, respectively. A resonant flyback converter topology deploying with a high electron mobility transistor [Gallium nitride (GaN)] was used to evaluate the electrical performance of two micro-transformers. Two resonant flyback converters operating at zero voltage switching (ZVS) reached the maximum conversion efficiency of 46.4% (3:3) and 45.7% (4:4), respectively, with 3.3 V input. The 3:3 micro-transformer developed in this work achieved the highest power density of 128 mW/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with a similar efficiency compared to other cored micro-transformers. The loss analysis of the flyback conversion circuit shows that the main losses in the circuit are the copper winding loss of the micro-transformer and the eddy current loss of the magnetic core. The conversion efficiency of the circuit will be improved by applying thicker copper and core lamination in the future.
Advancements of traditional Chinese medicine intervene on IGT (2010)

The author believed that pathogenesis of IGT is yin asthenia,deficiency of both vital energy and yin,obstruct of phlegm and blood stasis,which result from innate deficiency,improper diet,over exertion and so on.According to these pathogenesis,therapeutic principle as supplementing qi and nourishing yin,invigorating vital energy and spleen,removing blood stasis and phlegm,and nourishing yin and kidney are established.Besides,acupuncture and massage have been applied as well.According to the literatures,good potentialities have been shown in traditional Chinese medicine intervening on IGT.

Key words: 
IGT; Intervention of traditional Chinese medicine
Weighted Parzen windows for pattern classification (1996)

This paper introduces the weighted-Parzen-window classifier. The proposed technique uses a clustering procedure to find a set of reference vectors and weights which are used to approximate the Parzen-window (kernel-estimator) classifier. The weighted-Parzen-window classifier requires less computation and storage than the full Parzen-window classifier. Experimental results showed that significant savings could be achieved with only minimal, if any, error rate degradation for synthetic and real data sets.
A Gene of the Immunoglobulin H‐Chain Cluster Controls the Murine Antibody Response to Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Type 14 (1980)

Mice of various strains were immunized with pneumococcal polysaccharide type 14 (pneumo-14), and their anti-pneumo-14 antibodies were measured by the Farr test. Mice of strains BALB/c, ST/b, NZB and CBA (Ig allotypes a, e or j) had 300-1700 ng of antibody nitrogen per millilitre of serum on day 7. The corresponding values for C57BL/Ka, RF or AKR mice (allotypes b, c or d) were 40-300 ng/ml. Two families of congenic strains were tested, one with the C57BL and the other with the BALB/c background genome. Their response was either high or low depending on the VH genes, and other gene loci had little effect on the concentration of anti-pneumo-14 antibodies.
English/Arabic Bilingual Dictionary Construction using Parallel Texts from the Internet Archive (2006)

In order to construct a good machine translation system or make any natural language processing research for cross language information retrieval you must have a good parallel corpus. The Internet archive contains a lot of parallel documents. To construct a good parallel corpus from the Internet archive, you must have a good bilingual dictionary. This paper describes an algorithm to automatically extract an English/Arabic bilingual dictionary from parallel texts that exist in the Internet archive. The system should preferably be useful for many different language pairs. Unlike most of the systems done, our system can extract translation pairs from a very small parallel corpus. This new system can extract translations from only two sentences in one language and two sentences in the other language if the requirements of the system accomplished. Moreover, this system is able to extract word pairs that are translation of each other and the explanation of the Arabic or English word in the other language as well. The accuracy of the system is 59.1% in the case of one English word translated to one Arabic word, 23.9% in the case of one English word translated to more than one Arabic word (Arabic phrase), and 14.6% in the case of one Arabic word translated to more than one English word (English phrase).
Pronunciation variation modeling for Dutch automatic speech recognition (2002)

Contains fulltext : 19117.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)
Inactivation of Heart Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase by Copper Fenton Systems. Effect of Thiol Compounds and Metal Chelators (1995)

Copper Fenton systems (Cu(II)/H2O2 and Cu(II)/Asc) inactivated the lipoamide reductase and enhanced the diaphorase activity of pig-heart lipoamide dehydrogenase (LADH). Cupric ions alone were less effective. As a result of Cu(II)/H2O2 treatment, the number of titrated thiols in LADH decreased from 6 to 1 per subunit. NADH and ADP (not NAD+ or ATP) enhanced LADH inactivation by Cu(II). NADH also enhanced the effect of Cu(II)/H2O2. Dihydrolipoamide, dihydrolipoic acid, Captopril, acetylcysteine, EDTA, DETAPAC, histidine, bathocuproine, GSSG and trypanothione prevented LADH inactivation. 100 μM GSH, DL-dithiothreitol, N-(2-mercaptopropionylglicine) and penicillamine protected LADH against Cu(II)/Asc and Cu(II), whereas 1.0 mm GSH and DL-dithiothreitol also protected LADH against Cu(II)/H2O2. Allopurinol provided partial protection against Cu(II)/H2O2. EthanoI, mannitol, Na benzoate and superoxide dismutase failed to prevent LADH inactivation by Cu(II)/H2O2 or Cu(II). Catalase (native or denaturated) and bovine serum albumin protected LADH but that protection should be due to Cu binding. LADH inhibited deoxyribose oxidation and benzoate hydroxylation by Cu(II)/H2O2. It is concluded that site-specifically generated HO, radicals were responsible for LADH inactivation by Cu(II) Fenton systems. The latter effect is discussed in the context of ischemia-reoxygenation myocardial injury.
New method of producing fine Y<sub>2</sub>BaCuO<sub>5</sub>in the melt-textured Y-Ba-Cu-O system: attrition milling of YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>y</sub>-Y<sub>2</sub>BaCuO<sub>5</sub>powder and CeO<sub>2</sub>addition prior to melting (1995)

A new process yielding fine Y211 particles in melt-textured Y-Ba-Cu-O was developed by combining attrition milling of Y123-Y211 powder and CeO2 addition prior to the partial melting. Beneficial points of the attrition milling are as follows: (1) it allows uniform distribution of the Y211 refiner (CeO2) in the Y123-Y211 powder mixture, (2) it produces nanocrystalline Y123 powder with large surface area per unit volume which increases the possibility of Y211 nucleation during incongruent melting and (3) it controls the number and the size of Y211 particles preformed at the calcination/sintering stage from the off-stoichiometric powder of Y1.8 composition. The Y211 particles of the melt-textured Y123 sample which was prepared from the attrition-milled powder were of submicrometre scale and their distribution was quite uniform. The critical current density (Jc) at 77 K of the melt-textured Y1.8 sample containing fine Y211 (less than 1 mu m) was 2.0*104 A cm-2 and 1.16*104 A cm-2 at 1 T and 2 T, respectively, which is twice the Jc of 1.1*104 A cm-2 (at 1 T) and 0.56*104 A cm-2 (at 2 T) of the Y1.8 sample containing coarse Y211 ( approximately 5 mu m in average size).
Diffusivity Measurements and Electrical Resistivity Measurements in Rock Samples Under Mechanical Stress (1986)

If radionuclides are released from an underground repository and enter the groundwater, they would be transported with the moving groundwater in fissures in the rock. Besides fissures the rock also contains micropores filled with stagnant groundwater. If the nuclides are able to diffuse into these micropores, a significant retardation of the nuclides can be expected. At repository depths, the rock is exposed to rather high stresses caused by the large overburden of rock. When drill cores are taken up from the gound, this overburden no longer exists. As a result of this, there might be an increase in the porosity of the rock samples. The effective diffusivity measured in rock samples under atmospheric pressure in the laboratory would then be higher than the effective diffusivity in the rock “in situ.” To simulate the stress that may exist in the bedrock at large depths, diffusion experiments with iodide and electrical resistivity measurements in rock materials under mechanical stress have been performed. It was found that the diffusivity in rock samples at 300–350 bars stress was reduced to 20–70% of the value in the samples under atmospheric pressure. This reduction of the diffusivity in stressed rock is probably of minor importance because of the rather large variation in diffusivity between samples.
ChemInform Abstract: The Thermal Dehydration of K2AlF5×H2O (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Photocatalytic oxidation of liquid propan-2-ol by titanium dioxide (1983)

The photocatalytic oxidation of liquid propan-2-ol to propanone has been investigated using suspensions of TiO2 irradiated with filtered u.v. radiation at temperatures in the range 277–313 K. The dependence of reaction rate on the square root of the intensity of the incident radiation, together with low quantum yields, reflect the dominance of photoelectron and photohole recombination within the TiO2. The activation energy for reaction on pure rutile using 366 nm radiation, 27 kJ mol–1, was independent of reaction conditions. For pure anatase, five doped rutiles and coated anatase and rutile pigments, the activation energy under standardized conditions ranged from 31 to 91 kJ mol–1. These energies are considered to reflect the solid-state properties of the catalysts rather than the chemistry of propan-2-ol oxidation, which proceeds by a radical mechanism.
Outpatient Hospital Services Payment System (2008)

This document does not reflect proposed legislation or regulatory actions. It was republished here with the consent of medpac (www.medpac.gov).
Optimization of the Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction of Rapeseed Oil and Protein Hydrolysates (2006)

Abstract An aqueous enzymatic extraction method was developed to obtain free oil and protein hydrolysates from dehulled rapeseeds. The rapeseed slurry was treated by the chosen combination of pectinase, cellulase, and β‐glucanase (4:1:1, v/v/v) at concentration of 2.5% (v/w) for 4 h. This was followed by sequential treatments consisting of alkaline extraction and an alkaline protease (Alcalase 2.4L) hydrolysis to both produce a protein hydrolysate product and demulsify the oil. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to study and optimize the effects of the pH of the alkaline extraction (9.0, 10.0 and 11.0), the concentration of the Alcalase 2.4L (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%, v/w), and the duration of the hydrolysis (60, 120, and 180 min). Increasing the concentration of Alcalase 2.4L and the duration of the hydrolysis time significantly increased the yields of free oil and protein hydrolysates and the degree of protein hydrolysis (DH), while the alkaline extraction pH had a significant effect only on the yield of the protein hydrolysates. Following an alkaline extraction at pH 10 for 30 min, we defined a practical optimum protocol consisting of a concentration of 1.25–1.5% Alcalase 2.4L and a hydrolysis time between 150 and 180 min. Under these conditions, the yields of free oil and protein hydrolysates were 73–76% and 80–83%, respectively. The hydrolysates consisted of approximately 96% of peptides with a MW less than 1500, of which about 81% had a MW less than 600 Da.
Wealth effects of voluntary debt reduction in Latin America (1990)

This paper formulates a multisectoral accounting framework to assess the potential effects on perceived private wealth of alternative schemes for voluntary debt reduction. Swaps of private equity for public foreign debt increase private wealth when private agents behave ultrarationally, that is, when they regard public foreign debt as discounted future taxes, and when their subjective valuation of foreign debt exeeds its redemption price. With direct buybacks and collateralized debt conversions, private wealth increases when agents behave ultrarationally and their subjective valuation of debt is higher than secondary market prices. Using this framework to examine recent experience in Brazil, Chile and Mexico, the paper concludes that the surge in consumption-GNP ratios - along with record levels of voluntary debt reduction in Brazil, Chile and Mexico in 1988 - is consistent with the hypotheses that private agents have behaved ultrarationally and have valued foreign sector liabilities at more than redemption/secondary market prices.
The Physiological Ecology of the Zebra Mussel,<i>Dreissena polymorpha</i>, in North America and Europe (1996)

SYNOPSIS. The zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas), was introduced into North America in 1986. Initial North American (N.A.) studies suggested that physiological responses varied between N.A. and European populations. However, literature review indicates agreement on most aspects of physiological adaptation including: respiratory responses; hypoxia/anoxia tolerance; salinity limits; emersion tolerance; freezing resistance; environmental pH limits; calcium limits; starvation responses; and bioenergetic partitioning. The main differences among N.A. and European mussels appear to be elevated upper thermal limits and temperatures for optimum growth among N.A. populations. N.A. zebra mussels probably originated from the northern shore of the Black Sea in the warmest portion of the mussel's European range. However, most European physiological data come from northern Europe where populations may be adapted to colder temperatures. Alternatively, N.A. research suggests that mussels may have a capacity for seasonal temperature acclimatization such that responses recorded in warmer N.A. waters may be different from those recorded in northern Europe even after short-term laboratory acclimation. Studies of genetic variation and physiological response among European and N.A. D. polymorpha populations are required to elucidate the basis for physiological differentiation. Recently evolved D. polymorpha has poor resistance adaptations compared to unionacean and sphaeriid bivalves with longer freshwater fossil histories. Poor resistance adaptations make it less suited for stable habitats, instead, its high fecundities, early maturity, and rapid growth are adaptations to unstable habitats where extensive resistance adaptations are of little value.