gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-point structure tensors in turbulent channel flows with smooth and wavy walls (2019)

A long-standing problem in turbulence modeling is that the Reynolds stress tensor alone is not necessarily sufficient to characterize the transient and nonequilibrium behaviors of turbulence under arbitrary mean deformation or frame rotation. A more complete single-point characterization of the flow can be obtained using the structure dimensionality, circulicity, and inhomogeneity tensors. These tensors are one-point correlations of local stream vector gradients and carry nonlocal information regarding the structure of the flow field. We explore the potential of these tensors to improve understanding of complex turbulent flows using direct numerical simulation of flows in channels with a smooth wall and a two-dimensional sinusoidal wavy wall. To enforce no-slip and no-penetration conditions at wavy-wall boundaries, an immersed boundary method for the stream vector Poisson equation was adopted within the framework of Stylianou, Pecnik, and Kassinos, “A general framework for computing the turbulence structure tensors,” Comput. Fluids 106, 54–66 (2015). The results show that the effects of wall waviness on the inclination and aspect ratio of the two-point velocity correlation near the wall are reproduced qualitatively by their corresponding single-point tensor representations. In the outer layer, good quantitative agreement is achieved for both parameters. Additional observations on the structural changes of turbulence due to wall waviness and their relevance to turbulence modeling with surface roughness are discussed. The findings of this investigation suggest that single-point structure tensors can be appended to the modeling basis for inhomogeneous flows with geometrically complex boundaries, such as rough-wall flows, to develop improved turbulence models.
Preliminary Validation of a Clinical Instrument for Rhinological Outcomes in Endonasal Anterior Skull Base Surgery: The Anterior Skull Base Nasal Inventory (2012)

Introduction: The nasal cavity is becoming more commonly exploited as a corridor to address anterior skull base lesions, but little emphasis has been placed on rhinological outcomes and quality of life. The goal of this project was to develop a simple, prospectively validated, site-specific quality-of-life instrument specifically for assessing nasal outcomes following endonasal skull base surgery. Preliminary results are presented.
Capturing 2½D Depth and Texture of Time-Varying Scenes Using Structured Infrared Light (2005)

In this paper, we describe an approach to simultaneously capture visual appearance and depth of a time-varying scene. Our approach is based on projecting structured infrared (IR) light. Specifically, we project a combination of (a) a static vertical IR stripe pattern, and (b) a horizontal IR laser line sweeping up and down the scene; at the same time, the scene is captured with an IR-sensitive camera. Since IR light is invisible to the human eye, it does not disturb human subjects or interfere with human activities in the scene; in addition, it does not affect the scene's visual appearance as recorded by a color video camera. Vertical lines in the IR frames are identified using the horizontal line, intra-frame tracking, and inter-frame tracking; depth along these lines is reconstructed via triangulation. Interpolating these sparse depth lines within the foreground silhouette of the recorded video sequence, we obtain a dense depth map for every frame in the video sequence. Experimental results corresponding to a dynamic scene with a human subject in motion are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.
Experimental and analytical investigation of an acceleration regulating control for a turbojet engine (1956)

Report presenting an acceleration control that operates on fuel flow and uses directly measured acceleration as the control signal as applied to an axial-flow turbojet engine. A study to determine the feasibility and dynamic characteristics of the control was undertaken. Results regarding the open-loop characteristics and closed-loop characteristics are provided.
Flow cytometric analysis of granulosa tumors (1989)

Paraffin blocks from 17 granulosa tumors, nonmetastatic (n = 10) and metastatic (n = 7), were analyzed by flow cytometry. Three neoplasms, one with and two without metastases, were found to have cells with an abnormal DNA (DNA aneuploid) content. The occurrence or absence of DNA aneuploid cells did not predict behavior. In addition, there was no correlation of tumor DNA content with tumor size or patient age at the time of surgery. There was no significant difference in cell proliferation (%S + %G2/M) between metastatic and nonmetastatic DNA diploid tumors, however, there was an increase in cell proliferation in tumors with a DNA aneuploid stemline. Granulosa tumors are low-grade neoplasms. At least 90% are seen in Stage I, and metastasis occurs subsequently in 5% to 15% of these cases. Features of Stage I neoplasms associated with subsequent metastasis in some reports, but not all, are involvement of the capsule (Stage IC), large size, and high mitotic rate, 1-5 Providing definitive statements about the behavior of granulosa tumors is hampered by their rarity, the subjectivity of the diagnosis, and their sluggish behavior. We attempted to determine if flow cytometric analysis of DNA could identify granulosa tumors with metastatic potential. We compared DNA histograms from ten Stage IA granulosa tumors that did not metastasize during 22 to 47 years of follow-up with seven granulosa tumors that showed malignant behavior.
1A1-J03 Development of pneumatically actuated robot for simulating evolutionary developmental process of musculoskeletal structures(Evolution and Learning for Robotics) (2014)

Under the influences from the environment, each animal has acquired an optimized body structure by evolutionary developmental process. For example, vertebrate land animals have sophisticated musculoskeletal structure possessing not only monoarticular muscles but also multiarticular muscles against the force of gravity. Many researchers have been developed musculoskeletal robots with a biarticular muscle to resemble the physical performance of the mimicked animal but there are few studies to reveal why such a structure has been developed. In this research, we developed a musculoskeletal robot with redundant actuators to investigate the developmental process of the body structure. By connecting sets of actuators physically, these actuators work as a multiarticular muscle and the motion of corresponding joints are interlocked. The experimental results shows that by changing the connection among the actuators, the response to the external forces can be modified. We also discuss the way to evolve the body structure and the feasibility of our conceptual approach.
Vinexin: A Novel Vinculin-binding Protein with Multiple SH3 Domains Enhances Actin Cytoskeletal Organization (1999)

Using the yeast two-hybrid system and an in vitro binding assay, we have identified a novel protein termed vinexin as a vinculin-binding protein. By Northern blotting, we identified two types of vinexin mRNA that were 3 and 2 kb in length. Screening for full-length cDNA clones and sequencing indicated that the two mRNA encode 82- and 37-kD polypeptides termed vinexin alpha and beta, respectively. Both forms of vinexin share a common carboxyl-terminal sequence containing three SH3 domains. The larger vinexin alpha contains an additional amino-terminal sequence. The interaction between vinexin and vinculin was mediated by two SH3 domains of vinexin and the proline-rich region of vinculin. When expressed, vinexin alpha and beta localized to focal adhesions in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, and to cell-cell junctions in epithelial LLC-PK1 cells. Furthermore, expression of vinexin increased focal adhesion size. Vinexin alpha also promoted upregulation of actin stress fiber formation. In addition, cell lines stably expressing vinexin beta showed enhanced cell spreading on fibronectin. These data identify vinexin as a novel focal adhesion and cell- cell adhesion protein that binds via SH3 domains to the hinge region of vinculin, which can enhance actin cytoskeletal organization and cell spreading.
Determination of Micro-Lens Array-Averaged Spherical Aberrations (2019)

Fabrication-induced spherical microlens profile deviations result in aberrations. In the case of microlens arrays, each lens is measured individually by interferometric methods to quantify the optical performance of the entire array. We present the analytical concept of a diffraction-based test, to quantify microlens array spherical aberrations as a global array-averaged measurement. Three different focal-length microlens arrays were analyzed and tested, and scalar-wave propagation simulations were used to determine their respective average spherical aberration coefficients from the measured data. This technique is applicable to microlens arrays used as homogenizers, illumination diffusers, fly’s eye condensers, and in focal plane arrays.
Evaluation of Mucosal Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to HIV in External Secretions and Mucosal Tissues (2018)

The mucosal immune systems of the genital and intestinal tracts as the most frequent sites of HIV-1 entry, display remarkable immunological differences from the systemic immune compartment which must be considered in the evaluation of humoral and cellular immune responses to HIV-1. Marked differences in the fluids from the genital and intestinal tracts and in plasma with respect to the Ig isotypes, their levels, molecular forms and distinct effector functions must be taken into consideration in the evaluation and interpretation of humoral immune responses. Because of the low levels and highly pronounced variation in Ig content, HIV-1-specific antibody concentrations should be always related to the levels of total Ig of a given isotype. This practice will avoid inevitable differences due to the small volumes of collected fluids and sample dilution during the collection and processing of samples from external secretions. Furthermore, appropriate controls and immunochemical assays should be used to complement and confirm results generated by ELISA, which is prone to false positivity. In the evaluation of antibody-mediated virus neutralization in external secretions, precautions and rigorous controls must be used to exclude the effect of innate humoral factors. The evaluation of cell-mediated immune responses in mucosal tissues is difficult due to the low yields of cells obtained from tissue biopsies or cytobrush scrapings. Furthermore, tissue biopsies of, for example rectal mucosa, provide information pertinent exclusively to this local site, which due to the differences in distribution of cells of different phenotypes, do not provide information generalized to the entire intestinal tract. Importantly, studies concerning the kinetics of cellular responses are difficult to perform due to the limited availability of samples or to the inability of obtaining frequent repeated tissue biopsies. For sampling the female genital tract parallel collection of menstrual and peripheral blood yields high numbers of cells that permit their detailed phenotypic and functional analyses. In contrast to tissue biopsies, this non-traumatic collection procedure, results in high cell yields and repeated monthly sampling permits extensive and parallel functional studies of kinetics and unique characteristics of HIV-1-specific cellular responses in the female genital tract and peripheral blood.
BCR-ABL maintains resistance of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells to apoptotic cell death [published erratum appears in Blood 1994 Jun 15;83(12):3835] (1994)

Apoptosis is the major form of cell death associated with the action of chemotherapeutic agents on tumor cells, and therefore the expression of genes that interfere with apoptosis can have important consequences for the efficacy of therapeutic approaches. Here we show that K562, a chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cell line expressing the BCR-ABL fusion protein, are resistant to the induction of apoptosis by a number of agents and conditions. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides corresponding to the translation start of bcr downregulate bcr-abl protein in these cells and render them susceptible to induction of apoptosis by chemotherapeutic agents or serum deprivation. Expression of a temperature sensitive v-Abl protein reverses the effects of the antisense oligonucleotides, such that the cells remain resistant to apoptosis at the permissive temperature. These data indicate that bcr- abl acts as an anti-apoptosis gene in CML cells and suggests that the effect is dependent on the abl kinase activity in this chimeric protein. Inhibition of bcr-abl to render CML cells susceptible to apoptosis can be combined with therapeutic drugs and/or treatment capable of inducing apoptosis to provide an effective strategy for elimination of these cells.
Using neural networks for functional testing (2002)

This paper discusses using Neural Networks for diagnosing circuit faults. As a circuit is tested, the output signals from a Unit Under Test can vary as different functions are invoked by the test. When plotted against time, these signals create a characteristic trace for the test performed. Sensors in the ATS can be used to monitor the output signals during test execution. Using such an approach, defective components can be classified using a Neural Network according to the pattern of variation from that exhibited by a known good card. This provides a means to develop testing strategies for circuits based upon observed performance rather than domain expertise. Such capability is particularly important with systems whose performance, especially under faulty conditions, is not well documented or where suitable domain knowledge and experience does not exist. Thus, neural network solutions may in some application areas exhibit better performance than either conventional algorithms or knowledge-based systems. They may also be retrained periodically as a background function, resulting with the network gaining accuracy over time.
Luna Moth (1990)

gone to get the law after her and she was just getting away. She was going to get herself gone before he got there. I was so relieved that I wanted to laugh. She looked so funny going down that road, her fur coat flapping in the wind. A few weeks later I learned that Sue Froney had fallen in the garden and broken her leg. God knows that I didn't want anything to happen to her, but I sure felt a lot safer knowing that she would not be able to walk again for awhile. The last I heard from her she was in a rest home for handicapped people, in another state. I know that she will never be well again. I do not blame her for what she did to me and Willie. I only feel pity. She was sick. I still wake up at night feeling that knife at my neck and knowing what it means to face a disturbed person intent on murder. Those poor people. How awful it must be to live in a world apart from the rest of us. Out of Eden Silence stalks my house. A winged thief whisked away the young, leaving unexplained mysteries of migration. Gone are teddy bears and tinker toys stored in dusty boxes in the attic. Gone are glass jars a boy held aloft to view the pulsing light of fireflies. Dinosaur posters are stuffed in drawers with graded homework done in cursive scrawls. Pinocchio, Rumpelstiltskin, Tom Sawyer call through locks on antique trunks. Fairy tales and stories of creation merge in our minds with new and modern myths. One day my youngest son, a scientist home for the holidays, said with conviction, "The Milky Way galaxy is a living cell in the body of a great celestial god," I was impressed but thought it odd that he had learned so big a thing while I have searched a lifetime for a small deep river twisting like a green serpent out of Eden. Luna Moth Come a hundred miles across the Appalachians, it follows some creek of scent no wider than my hand. On an upwind stump miles out Cranesnest, a female clings to barkshards, pulsing her perfume. Tonight, something inside me wants to fly, wants to turn into the wind, my body as light as a star, my wings like the clavicles of ghosts, lifting, lifting. -Stacy Tuthill -Richard Hague 29 ...
Readmission Risk Trajectories for Heart Failure Patients Using a Dynamic Prediction Approach (Preprint) (2019)

<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> Patients hospitalized with heart failure suffer the highest rates of 30-day readmission among any clinically-defined patient populations in the United States. Investigation into the predictability of 30-day readmissions can lead to clinical decision-support tools and targeted interventions that can help care providers to improve individual patient care and reduce readmission risk. </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> We developed a dynamic readmission risk prediction model that yields daily predictions for hospitalized heart failure patients toward identifying risk trajectories over time. We identified clinical predictors associated with different patterns in readmission risk trajectories. </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> A two-stage predictive modeling approach combining logistic and beta regression was applied to electronic health record (EHR) data accumulated daily to predict 30-day readmission for a cohort of 534 heart failure patient encounters over 2,750 patient-days. Unsupervised clustering was performed on predictions to uncover time-dependent trends in readmission risk over the patient’s hospital stay. </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> Readmission occurred in 107 (20.0%) encounters. The out-of-sample AUC for the two-stage predictive model was 0.73 (±0.08). Dynamic clinical predictors capturing lab results and vital signs had the highest predictive value compared to demographic, administrative, medication and procedural data included. Unsupervised clustering identified four risk trajectory groups: decreasing risk (24.5% encounters), high risk (21.2%), moderate risk (33.1%), and low risk (21.2%). The decreasing risk group demonstrated change in average probability of readmission from admission (0.69) to discharge (0.30), while the high risk (0.75), moderate risk (0.61), and low risk (0.39) maintained consistency over the hospital course. Clinical predictors that discriminated groups included lab measures (hemoglobin, potassium, sodium), vital signs (diastolic blood pressure), and the number of prior hospitalizations. </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> Dynamically predicting readmission and quantifying trends over patients’ hospital stay illuminated differing risk trajectory groups. Identifying risk trajectory patterns and distinguishing predictors may shed new light on indicators of readmission and the isolated effects of the index hospitalization. </sec>
Changes in peak expiratory flow indices as a proxy for changes in bronchial hyperresponsiveness (2000)

Guidelines for asthma management advocate home peak expiratory flow (PEF) monitoring. It is commonly stated that PEF variability is a good proxy of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), a hallmark of asthma. However, this has hardly been tested longitudinally, as required to monitor asthma. This study assesses which PEF index correlates best with BHR longitudinally and whether the correlation improves when correcting PEF values for the known nonlinearity of mini-Wright PEF meters. Every 6 months, for a period of 2 yrs, PEF diary cards were filled in and BHR to histamine was tested in 104 patients with BHR and reversible airways obstruction, who started treatment with bronchodilators with (n=33) or without (n=71) inhaled corticosteroids. Within each subject, PEF indices and BHR were correlated longitudinally. The highest median correlation coefficients were obtained in the group of patients using inhaled corticosteroids. The PEF indices providing the best correlation with BHR were: mean PEF bronchodilator response (rho=-0.50) and within-day variation (% mean or % maximum) (with postbronchodilator values, rho=-0.50; without postbronchodilator values, rho=-0.40). Using PEF data corrected for the nonlinearity of the PEF meters did not result in higher correlation coefficients. Since current guidelines on asthma management recommend only bronchodilators on demand, the most useful peak expiratory flow index for reflecting bronchial hyperresponsiveness longitudinally is mean within-day peak expiratory flow variation (% mean or % maximum) (without postbronchodilator values). Since the correlation coefficients are not very strong, the authors suggest that peak expiratory flow measurements are not used as a proxy for bronchial hyperresponsiveness longitudinally but as a measurement in its own right. The use of corrections of peak expiratory flows for the nonlinearity of mini-Wright peak expiratory flow meters does not improve the correlation between peak expiratory flow and bronchial hyperresponsiveness.
Evidence for an efflux pump in multidrug-resistant Campylobacter jejuni (1995)

Mechanisms of drug resistance in Campylobacter jejuni were investigated. Mutant strains 34PEFr, which was resistant to pefloxacin (128-fold increase in the MIC), and 34CTXr, which was resistant to cefotaxime (32-fold increase in the MIC) and which was derived from the susceptible parent 34s, were obtained by serial passages on pefloxacin and cefotaxime gradient plates, respectively. Both mutants showed cross-resistance to erythromycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, beta-lactams, and quinolones. While the quinolone resistance of strain PEFr could be explained by a mutation at codon 86 of the gyrA gene, the multidrug resistance phenotype of both strains was further investigated. Accumulation of pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and minocycline was measured by fluorometry and was found to be lower in the mutant strains than in the parent strain. Preincubation of the cells with carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, however, completely abolished this difference. Analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of outer membrane preparations from both mutant strains showed overexpression of two proteins of 55 and 39 kDa which were absent from the outer membranes of the wild-type strain. These results indicate that in C. jejuni 34PEFr and 34CTXr, multidrug resistance is associated with an efflux system with a broad specificity.
Thermodynamic Quantities for the Ionization Reactions of Buffers (2002)

This review contains selected values of thermodynamic quantities for the aqueous ionization reactions of 64 buffers, many of which are used in biological research. Since the aim is to be able to predict values of the ionization constant at temperatures not too far from ambient, the thermodynamic quantities which are tabulated are the pK, standard molar Gibbs energy ΔrG∘, standard molar enthalpy ΔrH°, and standard molar heat capacity change ΔrCp∘ for each of the ionization reactions at the temperature T=298.15 K and the pressure p=0.1 MPa. The standard state is the hypothetical ideal solution of unit molality. The chemical name(s) and CAS registry number, structure, empirical formula, and molecular weight are given for each buffer considered herein. The selection of the values of the thermodynamic quantities for each buffer is discussed.
Aortic Graft-Enteric Erosion Diagnosed by Contrast Sinography: Case Report and Review (1990)

A case of aortic graft-enteric erosion diagnosed by contrast sinography is presented. Only 2 other cases of graft-enteric erosion have been demonstrated in this way. The literature regarding pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of aortic graft-enteric erosion is reviewed.