gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Trimerization of Nitriles at High Pressures (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Trimerization of Nitriles at High PressuresT. L. Cairns, A. W. Larchar, and B. C. McKusickCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 22, 5633–5636Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01142a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01142a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views823Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The skew-symmetric two-crystal X-ray interferometer (1974)

The construction and successful operation of a Laue-case skew-symmetric two-crystal X-ray interferometer is described. The alignment is accomplished with an auxiliary X-ray beam, which is multiply reflected by both interferometer parts. As expected, the skew-symmetric two-crystal interferometer is found to be considerably less affected by vibrations than is the symmetric two-crystal interferometer. [Bonse & te Kaat (1968), Z. Phys. 214, 16–21]. The dependence of the crystal lattice moiré pattern on rotations about the Δρ and Δθ axes are investigated.
Welding in the Pacific Islands (1946)

Welding equipment in the writer's unit in the Pacific consisted of two gas cutting and welding plants of modern U.S.A. manufacture, two electric arc welding machines, an A.C and a portable D.C. with an output of 500 amp., and a forge where blacksmithing and simple preheating were carried out.
SARS-CoV-2: An Empirical Investigation of Rose’s Population-based Logic (2021)

Our findings support Rose's logic, which encourages public health measures among persons who self-identify as unlikely to have SARS-CoV-2. See video abstract at, http://links.lww.com/EDE/B860.
Extracellular-Signal Regulated Kinase Regulates Production of Pro-Opiomelanocortin in Pituitary Melanotroph Cells (2010)

The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway is important in the regulation of neuronal plasticity, although a role for the kinase in regulating plasticity of neuroendocrine systems has not been examined. The melanotroph cells in the pars intermedia of pituitary gland of the amphibian Xenopus laevis are highly plastic, undergoing very strong growth to support the high biosynthetic and secretory activity involving α-melanophore-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), a peptide that causes pigment dispersion in dermal melanophores during the adaptation of the animal to a dark background. In the present study, we tested our hypothesis that ERK-signalling is involved in the regulation of melanotroph cell function during black-background adaptation, namely in the production of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), the precursor of α-MSH. Using western blot analyses, we found elevated levels of the activated (phosphorylated) form of ERK in melanotrophs of black- versus white-adapted animals. Treatment of melanotrophs in vitro with the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor U0126 markedly reduced ERK phosphorylation and lowered the transcription as well as the translation of POMC. This same treatment also reduced the expression of BDNF transcript IV and of the immediate early genes c-Fos and Nur77. We conclude that ERK-mediated signalling is important for the maintenance of the melanotroph cells in an active state.
Composite Inlays Increase Flutter Resistance of Turbine Engine Fan Blades (1976)

A method for improving turbine engine blade flutter stability was recently demonstrated on a TF41 fan rig and engine. The concept uses the high strength and stiffness properties of B/SiC-titanium composite, bonded into the leading edge tip section of a titanium fan blade, to control the blade vibrational characteristics. Comparisons are made between the blade response characteristics with and without the composite inlay for blade natural frequency, untwist due to rotational speed, and shift in flutter boundary. Engine performance improvements due to shroud removal are also shown.
The Vela Pulsar Wind Nebula at 6 cm (2002)

Observations using the Australia Telescope Compact Array at a wavelength of 6 cm have uncovered the radio counterpart to the compact X-ray nebula surrounding the Vela pulsar. Two lobes were found oriented about the spin axis of the pulsar, starting at the edge of X-ray emission, they extend to three times the size. The northern lobe has a bright, defined edge and an integrated flux of 0.14 Jy, while the southern lobe of 0.12 Jy is more diffuse.
Endothelins Are Angiogenic (2000)

Endothelins-1 and 3 (ET-1 and 3) were evaluated for angiogenesis in the rat cornea. Bisected 2 mm pellets containing 20-1000 ng of ET-1 or ET-3 in Hydron were placed in corneal micro-pockets. Murine vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and human interleukin-8 (IL-8) were positive controls. No angiogenesis occurred in 32 corneas with pellets containing only saline. With 200 ng VEGF pellets, 27/52 corneas (52%) demonstrated angiogenesis. With 200 ng IL-8 pellets, 32/51 corneas (63%) demonstrated angiogenesis. With 20-1000 ng ET-1 pellets, angiogenesis occurred in 65/91 corneas (71%); with ET-3 pellets, 84/116 (72%). ET-1- and ET-3-mediated angiogenesis was unaffected by cyclophosphamide-induced leukopenia. ET-1-mediated angiogenesis was inhibited by an ET(A)-receptor antagonist (ra) (BQ610) and a combined ET(A)/ET(B) ra (bosentan). However, ET-1-mediated angiogenesis was not inhibited by an ET(B) ra(BQ788) and a weak ET(A) ra(BQ123). Thus, ET-1 and -3 are angiogenic in the rat cornea; this effect appears to be direct, not leukocyte-mediated, and ET(A)-receptor-dependent.
ESD protection design for low trigger voltage and high latch-up immunity (2010)

An embedded silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) protection structure is proposed with a compatible CMOS layout. It first turns on like a gate-coupled NMOSFET, and then provides second-snapback conduction by a parasitic SCR. As compared with a conventional gate-ground NMOS transistor, the trigger voltage and the human body mode (HBM) test immunity are both greatly improved. Also, this cell is latch-up resistant, both the holding voltage and the turn-on current are adjustable and greatly raised than those of a conventional SCR device.
Integration of renewable energies and distributed generators into electricity grids (2003)

There is an increasing acceptance for the use of renewable energy sources to achieve a sustainable power supply. In our contribution we present a vision of new energy supply structures and a cluster of projects supported by the European Commission which address the integration of renewable energy sources (RES) and distributed generation (DG) into the electricity grid.
Allergenic potency of bee antigens measured by RAST inhibition (1976)

The potency of various bee antigens including bee venom, several whole bee body extracts and fractions of bee venom was studied using the RAST inhibition method. As compared to whole bee body extract, bee venom was a much more potent inhibitor of both bee venom and whole body RAST, suggesting that venom has a greater capacity to bind specific bee IgE antibodies. Whole body extracts also varied substantially in their inhibiting activity. Phospholipase A and hyaluronidase were the most potent of the bee venom fractions suggesting their potential use as an assay for standardization of insect extracts.
AlGaN/GaN MIS HEMT with AlN Dielectric (2006)

AlGaN /GaN MIS HEMT with AlN dielectric which is deposited by reactive sputtering is reported for the first time in this paper. With the addition of gate recess and field plate configuration, the developed 0.4 μm AlGaN/GaN MIS HEMT reveals one order reduction in the gate leakage current up to -80 V drain-gate bias compared to the recessed Schottky gate HEMT and shows a current gain cut-off frequency and a maximum oscillation frequency of 30 GHz and 60 GHz respectively. The multifinger device with 1 mm gate width delivers 6.1 W output power with 7.8 dB power gain and 40.3 % power-added efficiency at frequency of 8 GHz and drain bias of 30 V.
화농성 육아종의 Factor VIII - 연관 항원의 출현에 관한 연구 (1987)

Using Avidin-Biotin immunoperaxidase method, we investigate the distribution patterns of factor VIII related antigen in various areas of skin lesions of 14 granuloma pyogenicum. and in the skin lesions of 5 capillary hemangioma and 5 normal skin. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Factor VIII related antigen was detected in 9 of 14 cases of granuloma pyogenicum, in 4 of 5 cases of capillary hemangioma, and in 5 of 5 cases of normal skin. 2. In the lesions of granuloma pyogenicum the areas with prominent capillary endothelial cell proliferation had less positivity than the vascular areas. And the areas with relatively large vesels in the lesions of granuloma pyogenicum had similar positivity as capillary hemangioma. 3. The lesions of granuloma pyogenicum and capillary hemangioma had less positivity than the vessels of normal derrnis.
Introduction: The First Years Out (2017)

An introduction to a series of essays from former Bank Street advisees that reflect on their first-year teaching experiences. The essays reflect the voices of those in the midst of becoming the teachers they hope to be. They touch on important aspects of teaching such as being present, bringing one's whole self, recognizing the interdependence between students and teachers, and generosity.
Pyk2/CAKβ Tyrosine Kinase Activity-mediated Angiogenesis of Pulmonary Vascular Endothelial Cells (2002)

Endothelial cell spreading, migration, and morphogenesis are essential for angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels. In the present study, we explored roles of tyrosine kinase Pyk2 in angiogenesis of pulmonary endothelial cells. We found that tyrosine kinase Pyk2 was particularly enriched in pulmonary vascular endothelial cells and lung, a major organ site for tumor metastasis. By using adenovirus-mediated expression of various Pyk2 mutants, we demonstrated that Pyk2 tyrosine kinase activity was essential for the pulmonary vascular endothelial cell spreading, migration, morphogenesis, as well as pulmonary vein and artery angiogenesis ex vivo. We further showed that Pyk2 kinase activity was required for the expression of focal adhesion kinase, p130Crk-associated substrate, and its homologue human enhancer of filamentation 1, thus regulating formation of focal adhesions and cytoskeletal reorganization. These results indicate that Pyk2 plays a crucial role in the pulmonary endothelial cell motility such as spreading and migration necessary for angiogenesis.
Exome sequencing of 20,791 cases of type 2 diabetes and 24,440 controls (2019)

Protein-coding genetic variants that strongly affect disease risk can yield relevant clues to disease pathogenesis. Here we report exome-sequencing analyses of 20,791 individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 24,440 non-diabetic control participants from 5 ancestries. We identify gene-level associations of rare variants (with minor allele frequencies of less than 0.5%) in 4 genes at exome-wide significance, including a series of more than 30 SLC30A8 alleles that conveys protection against T2D, and in 12 gene sets, including those corresponding to T2D drug targets (P = 6.1 × 10<sup>-3</sup>) and candidate genes from knockout mice (P = 5.2 × 10<sup>-3</sup>). Within our study, the strongest T2D gene-level signals for rare variants explain at most 25% of the heritability of the strongest common single-variant signals, and the gene-level effect sizes of the rare variants that we observed in established T2D drug targets will require 75,000-185,000 sequenced cases to achieve exome-wide significance. We propose a method to interpret these modest rare-variant associations and to incorporate these associations into future target or gene prioritization efforts.
Responses of Neutrophils to Anti-Integrin Antibodies Depends on Costimulation through Low Affinity FcγRs: Full Activation Requires Both Integrin and Nonintegrin Signals (2004)

The relative contribution of integrin and nonintegrin signals to neutrophil activation is incompletely understood. Immobilized anti-integrin Abs were previously shown to induce robust activation of neutrophils without any additional stimulus, suggesting that cross-linking of integrins is sufficient for full activation of the cells. However, the possible contribution from other receptors has not been tested in this system. In this study, we show that neutrophil responses to anti-integrin Abs requires costimulation through low-affinity Fc gamma Rs. Murine neutrophils lacking the FcR gamma-chain or Fc gamma RIII failed to respond to immobilized Abs against beta(1), beta(2), or beta(3) integrins and the activation of wild-type cells could be prevented by blocking Abs against Fc gamma RII/III. Plate-bound anti-CD18 Abs initiated a respiratory burst from human neutrophils, but this response was abrogated when the F(ab')(2) of the same Abs were used or the cells were preincubated with Fc gamma RIIA-blocking Abs. Lack of Fc gamma RIII or administration of Fc gamma R-blocking Abs had no effect on responses of TNF-stimulated cells plated on fibrinogen or rICAM-1. TNF restored the respiratory burst of Fc gamma RIII-deficient neutrophils plated on anti-CD18 mAbs. The p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 attenuated the responses of neutrophils to anti-CD18 mAbs or TNF stimulation on a fibrinogen surface. Taken together, these results indicate that activation of low-affinity Fc gamma Rs is required for neutrophil responses induced by anti-integrin Abs and suggest that a second coactivation signal (e.g., through TNF or FcR ligation) is indispensable for full integrin-mediated activation of neutrophils. These second signals are interchangeable and they may converge on the p38 MAPK.
Log clustering based problem identification for online service systems (2016)

Logs play an important role in the maintenance of large-scale online service systems. When an online service fails, engineers need to examine recorded logs to gain insights into the failure and identify the potential problems. Traditionally, engineers perform simple keyword search (such as "error" and "exception") of logs that may be associated with the failures. Such an approach is often time consuming and error prone. Through our collaboration with Microsoft service product teams, we propose LogCluster, an approach that clusters the logs to ease log-based problem identification. LogCluster also utilizes a knowledge base to check if the log sequences occurred before. Engineers only need to examine a small number of previously unseen, representative log sequences extracted from the clusters to identify a problem, thus significantly reducing the number of logs that should be examined, meanwhile improving the identification accuracy. Through experiments on two Hadoop-based applications and two large-scale Microsoft online service systems, we show that our approach is effective and outperforms the state-of-the-art work proposed by Shang et al. in ICSE 2013. We have successfully applied LogCluster to the maintenance of many actual Microsoft online service systems. In this paper, we also share our success stories and lessons learned.
Scintillation Characteristics of the Rare-earth Halide (LnX_3) Crystals (2004)

This paper reviews the history and recent development of the rare-earth halide scintillator (LnX_3).A few common or new scintillators, such as CeF_3 and LaF_3,LuCl_3,LaCl_3,LuBr_3,LaBr_3,including their physical and chemical characteristics, scintillation properties and crystal growth are introduced in detail. And at the same time it also points out that LaCl_3:Ce,LaBr_3:Ce crystals are the most promising scintillators, but there are still lots of problems to be settled.
Efficient Floorplanning by O-Tree with Genetic Algorithm (2008)

Module placement is an important phase for VLSI layout design. However, huge time is necessary to obtain the optimal layout. This paper proposes a block packing method using O-Tree with Genetic Algorithm. O-Tree can transform a code into a placement in linear time to the number of modules. Moreover, Genetic Algorithm is effective for searching a good layout because it can search two or more layouts concurrently. In experiment, we have confirmed to obtain nearly optimal packing results efficiently.
Silent Myocardial Ischemia (2009)

Although much progress has been made in reducing mortality from ischemic cardiovascular disease, this condition remains the leading cause of death throughout the world. This might in part be due to the fact that over half of patients have a catastrophic event (heart attack or sudden death) as their initial manifestation of coronary disease. Contributing to this statistic is the observation that the majority of myocardial ischemic episodes are silent, indicating an inability or failure to sense ischemic damage or stress on the heart. This review examines the clinical characteristics of silent myocardial ischemia, and explores mechanisms involved in the generation of angina pectoris. Possible mechanisms for the more common manifestation of injurious reductions in coronary flow; namely, silent ischemia, are also explored. A new theory for the mechanism of silent ischemia is proposed. Finally, the prognostic importance of silent ischemia and potential future directions for research are discussed.
Electrorheological fluids; Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference, Raleigh, NC, Aug. 7-9, 1989 (1990)

The present conference on electrorheological fluids discusses ER fluid mechanisms and related fundamentals, ER fluid materials, characterization and property measurement, engineering with ER fluids, and ER fluid devices and applications. Attention is given to viscoelastic behavior of ER fluids, ER fluid modeling, possible phase transition in ERs, and measuring forces between particles in a model ER fluid. Topics addressed include miscellaneous ER phenomena, an overview of ER fluid design, tribological aspects of ER fluid behavior with respect to nonpolar base liquids, the role of water in ER fluids, and the electrorheology of the suspension of zeolite particles in silicone oil. Also discussed are applications of ER materials in vibration control, the control of damping in distributed systems using ER fluids, the fluid property and mechanical design considerations in ER-fluid clutches and brakes, devices using ER fluids, and a case study of tension control using ER fluids.
PECVD 에 의해 형성된 Diamondlike Carbon 박막에서 DC Self Bias 및 보조 gas 가 광학적 성질에 미치는 영향 (1993)

Diamondlike carbon thin films were prepared on Si (001) wafer by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition and we observed the variation of the optical band gap of DLC thin films with respect to deposition condition. The change of the optical band gap of the DLC thin films was investigated as a function of DC self bias which was the most important variable in PECVD and the secondary gas. When DC self bias was applied, the optical band gap decreased monotonously and when DC self bias was not applied, the degree of the change of the optical band gap decreased greatly. The change of the optical band gap had a close relation with the concentration of C-H bond in DLC thin films and the content of hydrogen decreased with the increase of DC self bias and we could verify these results by using FT-IR spectroscopy. And, It was seen that nitrogen and hydrogen gas used for secondary gas had a role of increasing the decreasing rate of the optical band gap by the breakage of C-H bond of DLC thin films during the deposition.
Molecular Mechanisms and Current Pharmacotherapy of Peyronie’s Disease: A Review (2021)

Peyronie's disease (PD) is a localized fibrotic lesion of the penis that has adverse effects on men's health. In this review, we summarized the molecular mechanisms and pharmacotherapies of PD. A literature search was conducted using PubMed and Cochrane Library during 2001-2020. Although no oral or topical medication demonstrated efficacy in monotherapy of PD, several intralesional medications have yielded promising results. Currently, the effective strategy in management of PD should be combined modality therapy, including but not limited to pharmacotherapy, mechanical therapy, and psychotherapy. Meanwhile, basic research is still necessary to facilitate the development of novel and more reliable treatments. In future, more attention should be given simultaneously to epigenetic changes, inflammatory cytokines, the abnormal wound-healing process, and profibrotic and anti-fibrotic factors to provide more options for this refractory disease.
Effect of Municipal Solid Waste on the Growth of Maize (<i>Zea mays L.</i>) (2013)

A pot experiment was conducted in the green house to determine the effect of municipal solid waste on the growth of maize ( Zea mays ). Growth parameters of percentage emergence, plant height, leaf area and number of levers per plant were collect and subjected into statistical analysis, using ANOVA and fisher’s L.S.D. at 5% probability level. Plant growth parameters decreased with increase in cropping cycle. Similarly, maize grown on dumpsite soils did better than the control soil samples. It show increase in plant height, leaf area and number of leaves per plant at a range of 16.82 cm to 12.87 cm, 5 to 4 and 64.69 cm to 59.88 cm for the dumpsite and control samples respectively. Soil P H , organic matter (OM), total Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Sodium (Na) and Effective Cat-ion Exchange Capacity (ECEC) decreased with increase in cropping cycle respectively. The Dumpsite soil sample recorded higher mean values than the control (P < 0.05). There is every indication that municipal solid waste is beneficial to plant if only proper and careful sorting and separation of hazardous waste is done.
Mass Separation of High Energy Particles in Quadrupole Lens Focusing Systems (1960)

In systems for mass separations of high energy particles, the separation achieved depends not only on the applied electric field but also on the characteristics of the systems of magnetic lenses which may be used to contain and focus the beam of particles. Quantitative relations for the mass separation and momentum dispersion are derived. It is shown that systems can be designed involving a module of magnetic lenses and electric field such that, when the module is repeated indefinitely, the mass separations at successive foci increase linearly with the number of modules.
A novel hardware logic encryption technique for thwarting illegal overproduction and Hardware Trojans (2014)

Hardware piracy is a threat that is becoming more and more serious these last years. The different types of threats include mask theft, illegal overproduction, as well as the insertion of malicious alterations to a circuit, referred to as Hardware Trojans. To protect circuits from overproduction, circuits can be encrypted so that only authorized users can use the circuits. In this paper, we propose an encryption technique that also helps thwarting Hardware Trojan insertion. Assuming that an attacker will attach a Hardware Trojan to signals with low controllability in order to make it stealthy, the principle of the encryption is to minimize the number of signals with low controllability.