gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast Intra-Mode and CU Size Decision for HEVC (2016)

The latest video coding standard High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) achieves about a 50% bit-rate reduction compared with H.264/AVC under the same perceptual video quality. For intra coding, a coding unit (CU) is recursively divided into a quadtree-based structure from the largest CU 64 × 64 to the smallest CU 8 × 8. Also, up to 35 intra-prediction modes are allowed. These two techniques improve the intra-coding performance significantly. However, the encoding complexity increases several times compared with H.264/AVC intra coding. In this paper, fast intra-mode decision and CU size decision are proposed to reduce the complexity of HEVC intra coding while maintaining the rate-distortion (RD) performance. For fast intra-mode decision, a gradient-based method is proposed to reduce the candidate modes for rough mode decision and RD optimization. For fast CU size decision, the homogenous CUs are early terminated first. Then two linear support vector machines that employ the depth difference and HAD cost ratio (and RD cost ratio) as features are proposed to perform the decisions of early CU split and early CU termination for the rest of the CUs. Experimental results show that the proposed fast intra-coding algorithm achieves about a 54% encoding time reduction on average with only a 0.7% BD-rate increase for the HEVC reference software HM 14.0 under all-intra configuration.
Clonal diversity in high arctic ostracodes (1997)

Abstract It remains unclear why the majority of parthenogenetic lineages persist for only brief periods of evolutionary time. However, by characterizing their patterns of genetic variation, it is possible to gain insights regarding their evolutionary origin and potential. We examined clonal diversity patterns in high arctic populations of freshwater ostracodes with the goal of clarifying the factors promoting genotypic diversity. Allozyme electrophoresis showed that the three dominant ostracode species in high arctic ponds reproduce via apomictic parthenogenesis that two of these species ( Prionocypris glacialis, Candona rectangulata ) were both highly clonally diverse, and had allozyme phenotypes suggestive of polyploidy. Scanning microdensitometry confirmed that many clones of P. glacialis at Igloolik were polyploid. In contrast to most other polyploids, clones of P. glacialis seem to be autopolyploids. Although clonal variation in P. glacialis may reflect multiple transitions to parthenogenesis in an undetected sexual population, it seems likely that genomic recombination associated with polyploidy has also played a role in generating local diversity following the transition to parthenogenesis.
Prediction of requirement for, and outcome of, prolonged mechanical ventilation following cardiac surgery (1997)

The prediction of requirement for, and short- and long-term outcome of, prolonged mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery is ill-defined. The aims of this study were to isolate any predictive indices which might identify those groups of patients who may require prolonged ventilation postoperatively and to determine which factors significantly affect outcome in the prolonged-ventilation group. Following case note review of 139 consecutive cardiac surgical patients ventilated for > or = 7 days following surgery, 43 factors were recorded on each patient, including smoking, pulmonary function, chest infection, and chronic obstructive airways disease. Of 139 patients, 89 were discharged from hospital (64% survival); of these, 52 were alive at long-term follow-up (58% long-term survival). Statistical analysis identified urban residence, chronic obstructive airways disease, prolonged operation, and bypass time as significant predictors of requirement for prolonged ventilation postoperatively. On multivariate analysis five factors were predictive of increased intensive care mortality, including urban residence, inotrope days, sepsis, perioperative cerebrovascular accident and coagulopathy requiring fresh frozen plasma transfusion postoperatively. Following discharge from hospital, four factors were found to be significant predictors of increased mortality: these are impaired preoperative ejection fraction, increasing age, impaired preoperative pulmonary function, and abscence of preoperative aspirin medication. These factors should be considered in intensive care planning, long-term follow-up and importantly on clinical decision making in the individual patient.
The Use of Chinese Words of Colloquial origin in the Nihon Shoki (2010)

Nihon shoki 日本書紀 made use of colloquial and vernacular terms. As regards the native Japanese or Xundu-readings (訓読) of these Chinese words and phrases, there exists a body of extensive research, typified by the work of Kanda Kiichirō, in which it has been emphasized that the so-called early Xundu-readings of the Nihon shoki were carefully chosen with reference to Chinese commentaries and that this precision also extended to colloquial and vernacular expressions. However, the examination of how passages in the Nihon shoki containing Chinese colloquial and vernacular expressions from the Nan-Bei period to the Tang 唐 have been read has been inadequate, and it is from such a perspective that in this article the author wish to consider disyllabic adverbs and examine the realities of the early signs and symbols used to indicate diacritical notes and marks (訓点) in the Nihon shoki.
Classic And Heuristic Approaches In Robot Motion Planning A Chronological Review (2007)

This paper reviews the major contributions to the Motion Planning (MP) field throughout a 35-year period, from classic approaches to heuristic algorithms. Due to the NP-Hardness of the MP problem, heuristic methods have outperformed the classic approaches and have gained wide popularity. After surveying around 1400 papers in the field, the amount of existing works for each method is identified and classified. Especially, the history and applications of numerous heuristic methods in MP is investigated. The paper concludes with comparative tables and graphs demonstrating the frequency of each MP method's application, and so can be used as a guideline for MP researchers.
Expression and function of chemokines during viral infections: from molecular mechanisms to in vivo function (2003)

Recruitment and activation of leukocytes are important for elimination of microbes, including viruses, from infected areas. Chemokines constitute a group of bioactive peptides that regulate leukocyte migration and also contribute to activation of these cells. Chemokines are essential mediators of inflammation and important for control of viral infections. The profile of chemokine expression contributes to shaping the immune response during viral infection, whereas viral subversion of the chemokine system allows the virus to evade antiviral activities of the host. In this review, we discuss the role of chemokines in host-defense against virus infections, and we also look deeper into the virus-cell interactions that trigger chemokine expression as well as the cellular signaling cascades involved.
Differences in the flow and absorption cytometric DNA distributions of mouse hepatocytes and tumor cells (1989)

We have determined the DNA content, the ploidy levels, and the percentages of different cell types present in small and large mouse mammary tumors as well as in young and old mouse livers by using absorption and flow cytometry. Absorption cytometry data indicated a significant increase in the proportion of transformed G0/G1 cells in the tumors as compared to that of the stromal G0/G1 cells with progressive tumor growth. This increase was not detected by flow cytometry. In both young and old mouse livers, a small number of cells of higher ploidy (8C and 16C) were detected by absorption cytometry but were not apparent in histograms obtained by flow cytometry. Furthermore, changes in the proportions of liver cells of different ploidy with age were apparent in absorption cytometry data but not in flow cytometry data. In one mouse liver experiment, a 6C cell peak appeared in the flow cytometry histogram, but a direct measurement of DNA content by absorption cytometry failed to detect cells with such a peak. We therefore believe that some caution may be warranted in the use of flow cytometry alone for evaluation of DNA distributions and of the proportions of different types of cells in complex solid tissues.
Paricalcitol Attenuates Renal Interstitial Fibrosis in Obstructive Nephropathy (2006)

Deficiency in vitamin D and its active metabolites is a pathologic feature of chronic kidney diseases. Despite that tubular epithelial cells are the major sites of active vitamin D synthesis, little is known about the role of vitamin D in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of tubular epithelium. This study investigated the effects of paricalcitol (19-nor-1,25-hydroxy-vitamin D(2)), a synthetic vitamin D analogue, on obstructive nephropathy, a model that is characterized by predominant tubulointerstitial lesions. Compared with vehicle controls, paricalcitol significantly attenuated renal interstitial fibrosis in mouse kidney after ureteral obstruction, as demonstrated by a reduced interstitial volume, decreased collagen deposition, and repressed mRNA expression of fibronectin and type I and type III collagens. Paricalcitol largely preserved E-cadherin and reduced alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in vivo. In addition, paricalcitol suppressed renal TGF-beta1 and its type I receptor expression, restored vitamin D receptor abundance, and inhibited cell proliferation and apoptosis after obstructive injury. In vitro, paricalcitol abolished TGF-beta1-mediated E-cadherin suppression and alpha-smooth muscle actin and fibronectin induction in tubular epithelial cells, underscoring its ability to block directly the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). It is interesting that paricalcitol almost completely suppressed renal induction of Snail, a critical transcription factor that is implicated in EMT programming. Furthermore, paricalcitol inhibited the TGF-beta1-mediated Snail induction in vitro, and ectopic expression of Snail repressed E-cadherin promoter activity and downregulated E-cadherin expression in tubular epithelial cells. These studies suggest that paricalcitol is able to ameliorate renal interstitial fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy, possibly by preserving tubular epithelial integrity through suppression of EMT.
Gene Silencing and Homology-Dependent Gene Silencing in Arabidopsis: Genetic Modifiers and DNA Methylation (1998)

Transgenes inserted into the plant genome can become inactive (gene silencing) or result in silencing of homologous cellular genes [homology-dependent gene silencing (HDG silencing)]. In an earlier study we reported HDG silencing of chalcone synthase (CHS) in Arabidopsis. This study concerns genetic revertants of one of the CHS HDG-silencing transgenic homozygotes. Two monogenic recessive trans-acting mutations (hog1 and ddm1) that impair gene silencing and HDG silencing were identified. These mutations reduce genomic DNA methylation and affect the quantity and size of CHS mRNA. These results imply that DNA methylation is necessary for both gene silencing and HDG silencing. Two further monogenic, trans-acting, recessive mutations (sil1 and sil2) reduce gene silencing but not HDG silencing. The existence of this mutant class shows that gene silencing involves genes that are not necessary for HDG silencing. A further mutant (Catt) was isolated and has an attenuated HDG-silencing T-DNA.
A middleware implementation of active rules for ODBMS (2003)

Throughout many research and development projects for active rule systems, active rules are implemented with different syntax and semantics. It becomes one of the stumbling blocks to apply active database systems especially in networked heterogeneous multidatabase environments. Utilizing the recent development of CORBA and ODMG standards, a middleware approach to provide active rule systems for heterogeneous ODBMS is presented in this paper. The active rule system described is applied for integrity maintenance of spatial objects. According to the events included in application programs, the active rules represented in ECA type are inserted into the program by a preprocessor. One advantage of this compile approach is that the preprocessed program can be compiled and executed without the overhead of runtime monitoring. For the changed rules after compilation, a run time interpreter is included in the executable program.
Isolation and Characterization of Nicotine Reducing Probiotics (2019)

A total of seven microorganisms were isolated from different probiotic sources. The nicotine reducing activity of isolates was tested by general analytical techniques. Amongst them isolates BC6 and BC7 possess maximum nicotine reducing activity therefore it was selected for further investigation. Both isolates could utilize up to 1 g/l nicotine as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen, and optimum nicotine reducing activity obtained at pH 7 by inoculating with inoculum size of 1 McFarland standard units. After morphological and biochemical characterization and according to information given on leaflet of probiotic product, isolate BC6 and BC7 were identified as Lactobacillus sporogenes and Lactobacillus casei, respectively.
The isolated perfused heart according to Langendorff technique--function--application. (1990)

1. Definition. The isolated perfused heart according to Langendorff is a preparation which is easily obtained from all warm-blooded animals. The heart is usually perfused at constant pressure, but frequently at constant flow, mostly with oxygenated saline solutions. The ventricles do not fill with the perfusate and therefore do not perform pressure-volume work. If, however, an intraventricular balloon is inserted, the ventricle can contract isovolumetrically. 2. Measuring parameters. Mechanical parameters of the working myocardium (contractile force, volume, ventricular diameter), mean coronary flow, bioelectrical parameters (EKG, monophasic injury potentials), and cardiac rhythm can be measured and recorded. 3. Function tests. The intact function of the working myocardium and the coronary vessels should be examined using various simple tests regarding the myocardium, the smooth musculature, and the endothelium of coronary vessels. 4. Possible applications. In the Langendorff-heart of normal or pretreated animals, inotropic, chronotropic, antiarrhythmic or vasoactive substances can be investigated in the steady state or by means of specific stress tests. In addition, the preparation is particularly suitable for biochemical studies of myocardial metabolism. 6. Advantages. Due to the technical ease with which a variety of parameters can be measured, a single heart can provide maximum information about the condition of the myocardium and the coronary vessels. Thus, it is not surprising to find that 90 years after its first description, the isolated perfused heart according to Langendorff continues to be utilized.
Evaluating periodontal conditions in patients with von Willebrand's disease in Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo (University Hospital, Maracaibo)-Venezuela. (2008)

Periodontal conditions in patients with vWD regularly attending for dental control were within acceptable parameters. Education of the patient with regard to prevention and opportune treatment is of utmost importance, thereby avoiding the oral hemorrhagic complications produced by the periodontal disease. Of equal importance is multidisciplinary teamwork.
The neurology of itch (2013)

Research over the past 15 years has helped to clarify the anatomy and physiology of itch, the clinical features of neuropathic itch syndromes and the scientific underpinning of effective treatments. Two itch-sensitive pathways exist: a histamine-stimulated pathway that uses mechanically insensitive C-fibres, and a cowhage-stimulated pathway primarily involving polymodal C-fibres. Interactions with pain continue to be central to explaining various aspects of itch. Certain spinal interneurons (Bhlhb5) inhibit itch pathways within the dorsal horn; they may represent mediators between noxious and pruritic pathways, and allow scratch to inhibit itch. In the brain, functional imaging studies reveal diffuse activation maps for itch that overlap, but not identically, with pain maps. Neuropathic itch syndromes are chronic itch states due to dysfunction of peripheral or central nervous system structures. The most recognized are postherpetic itch, brachioradial pruritus, trigeminal trophic syndrome, and ischaemic stroke-related itch. These disorders affect a patient's quality of life to a similar extent as neuropathic pain. Treatment of neuropathic itch focuses on behavioural interventions (e.g., skin protection) followed by stepwise trials of topical agents (e.g., capsaicin), antiepileptic drugs (e.g., gabapentin), injection of other agents (e.g., botulinum A toxin), and neurostimulation techniques (e.g., cutaneous field stimulation). The involved mechanisms of action include desensitization of nerve fibres (in the case of capsaicin) and postsynaptic blockade of calcium channels (for gabapentin). In the future, particular histamine receptors, protease pathway molecules, and vanilloids may serve as targets for novel antipruritic agents.
Efficient generation of pleasant video summaries (2008)

This paper presents an efficient video summarization technique with the focus of generating video summaries that are pleasant to watch. The validity of the technique was tested in the TRECVID 2008 evaluation event. The results show the effectiveness of this technique to produce pleasant video summaries in a short time.
Cocrystals: A Review of Recent Trends in Pharmaceutical and Material Science Applications (2017)

Over the last two decades, the design of multicomponent molecular crystals or cocrystals has grown out to be an interesting and promising area of research in pharmaceuticals and material science. Cocrystallization is at the interface of crystal engineering and supramolecular chemistry and allows us to vary the physicochemical properties of solids according to the need, through manipulation of various intermolecular interactions. In this short review, we focus on some recent reports on pharmaceutical cocrystals and emerging subclasses of cocrystals, namely: Charge transfer cocrystals, Energetic cocrystals, and Ternary cocrystals and discuss about their methods of characterization and applications of importance in the industry.
Pregnancy lactogens in the rat conceptus and fetus: circulating levels, distribution of binding, and expression of receptor messenger ribonucleic acid (1993)

To clarify the roles of the rat placental lactogens in embryogenesis and fetal development, we measured the concentrations of rat placental lactogen-II (rPL-II) in fetal rat serum and examined the distribution and expression of rPL-I- and rPL-II-binding sites in rat uteroplacental and fetal tissues. The concentration of rPL-II in fetal rat serum on day 20 of gestation was 28.3 +/- 0.8 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM; n = 6), approximately 1/14th its concentration in maternal serum (398.3 +/- 45.3 ng/ml; n = 6). In the midgestational uterus and placenta, rat PL-I bound specifically to mesometrial decidua and to a capsular layer of stroma overlying the antimesometrial decidua. The binding of radiolabeled rPL-I to these tissues was inhibited by unlabeled rat PRL and human (h) GH, but not by rat GH, suggesting that the rPL-I-binding sites are lactogenic in nature. In the late gestational fetus, rat PL-II bound specifically to fetal adrenal, kidney, small intestine, liver, and pancreas; its binding, like that of rPL-I, was inhibited by rPRL, but not by rGH. rPL-II-binding sites in fetal adrenal were detected as early as day 16, whereas rPL-II-binding sites in fetal kidney and small intestine were not demonstrable until day 18. Lactogenic binding sites in fetal liver and pancreas did not appear until days 19-20. The relative amounts of specific binding of rPL-II to fetal tissues correlated positively with tissue levels of expression of the 4.2- and 1.8-kilobase PRL receptor mRNA transcripts. Radiolabeled hGH, which interacts with somatogenic receptors as well as lactogenic receptors, bound specifically to mesometrial decidua, fetal adrenal, kidney, small intestine, liver, and pancreas. In addition, radiolabeled hGH bound specifically, but with low intensity, to fetal brain. In mesometrial decidua and fetal adrenal, kidney, and small intestine, the binding of hGH was blocked by rPL-II and rPRL, but not by rGH or ovine GH, suggesting the predominance of lactogenic receptors. In contrast, in fetal brain, the binding of hGH was inhibited by rGH, but not by rPL-II, suggesting that the fetal brain contains somatogenic receptors. The presence of rPL-I-binding sites in maternal decidua suggests a paracrine role for the hormone in decidual function at midgestation. The presence of rPL-II in fetal serum and the widespread distribution of rPL-II-binding sites in fetal tissues indicate a role for rPL-II in fetal development.
Lokal anestezi altında turnikesiz yapılan mini-açık karpal tünel gevşetmesi (2014)

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy. Surgery is generally preferred in cases of CTS which do not respond to conservative measures. We evaluated the results and complications of patients who underwent mini open release for CTS. Mini-open carpal tunnel release was performed in 36 hands of 30 patients with CTS. There were 27 females, and 3 males, with ages ranging from 23 to 71 years, (mean age 45.6 years) Clinical and electromyographic findings were, compatible with CTS. All cases were done under local anesthesia without using a tourniquet. The mean follow-up period was 16 months, (range 10 to 20 months) The mean duration of the operation was 15 minutes (range: 10-20 minutes) No serious surgical complication has occurred. Excellent results were achieved in 32 hands (88%). Mini-open carpal tunnel release is a safe and simple procedure with satisfactory outcome.
Chronic stress impairs rat growth and jejunal epithelial barrier function: role of mast cells (2000)

We examined the impact of chronic stress on rat growth rate and intestinal epithelial physiology and the role of mast cells in these responses. Mast cell-deficient (Ws/Ws) rats and +/+ littermate controls were submitted to water avoidance stress or sham stress, 1 h/day, for 5 days. Seven hours after the last sham or stress session, jejunal segments were mounted in Ussing chambers, in which secretion and permeability were measured. Body weight (as a growth index) and food intake were determined daily. Stress increased baseline jejunal epithelial ion secretion (indicated by short-circuit current), ionic permeability (conductance), and macromolecular permeability (horseradish peroxidase flux) in +/+ rats, but not in Ws/Ws rats, compared with nonstressed controls. Stress induced weight loss and reduced food intake similarly in the groups. In +/+ rats, these parameters remained altered 24-72 h after the cessation of stress. Modulation of stress-induced mucosal mast cell activation may help in the management of certain intestinal conditions involving epithelial pathophysiology.
Utilization of Ruthenium and Ruthenium-Iron Alloys as Bosch Process Catalysts (1982)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The Bosch process has been considered as a means to recover oxygen, from metabolic carbon dioxide through the catalytic production of water. Previous investigations have shown that the oxide formation accounts for the limited activity of the iron catalyst. On the other hand, the maximum water concentrations achievable in the nickel and cobalt systems have been shown to correspond to the carbide formation. This paper presents the results of an experimental study carried out to determine the effectiveness of ruthenium and its alloy with iron as alternative Bosch catalysts. Carbon deposition boundaries over the alloy catalysts are reported.</div>