gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Megaloblastic Anemia Probably Caused by Defective Utilization of Folinic Acid (1960)

Abstract A 12 year old negro girl was studied who presented a picture of megaloblastic anemia refractory to physiologic doses of vitamin B-12 and to folic acid. However, remission could be induced and maintained by pharmacologic doses of vitamin B-12 (1000 µg. per week), by folinic acid or by a combination of vitamin C (or homocysteine) and folic acid. Folinic acid determinations and the clinical response to various metabolites indicated the existence of a metabolic defect in the utilization of folinic acid. The hereditary nature of this defect was suggested by the fact that two siblings might have had a similar condition.
Changes in the spectrum of organisms causing respiratory tract infections: a review. (1992)

Over the last decade, the spectrum of organisms causing community-acquired acute lower respiratory tract infections has changed. Streptococcus pneumoniae now causes approximately 30% of outpatient acute pneumonia-less than in former decades-whereas Mycoplasma pneumoniae is found in both young and elderly patients. The Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus aureus are now seen more frequently as respiratory tract pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia patients, and they are the major organisms causing pneumonia in residents of homes for the elderly or nursing homes, and in immuno-compromised patients. Agents that were previously considered non-pathogenic for the respiratory tract include serotypes of Haemophilus influenzae other than type b, H. parainfluenzae and Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis; these organisms affect mainly patients with underlying cardiopulmonary disease. Legionella species can cause sporadic as well as epidemic disease of the lower respiratory tract. Chlamydia pneumoniae is a newly recognized pathogen responsible for mild to severe upper and lower respiratory tract infections. In 60-80% of cases, hospital-acquired pneumonias are caused by Gram-negative bacilli and S. aureus. These organisms colonize the mucosal membranes of the upper respiratory tract and penetrate into the lower tract by aspiration or intubation.
Ready, set, go! (1996)

Preview Event and team physicians reap many rewards working with highly skilled and motivated athletes. The rewards are greatest when problems are anticipated and prevented. As discussed by Drs Leonard and Townsend, the key to success for both physicians and athletes is careful and specific planning. One might say that the Boy Scout motto, "Be prepared," cannot be overemphasized in this setting.
<i>slimb</i> coordinates <i>wg</i> and <i>dpp</i> expression in the dorsal-ventral and anterior-posterior axes during limb development (1998)

In the Drosophila leg disc, wingless (wg) and decapentaplegic (dpp) are expressed in a ventral-anterior and dorsal-anterior stripe of cells, respectively. This pattern of expression is essential for proper limb development. While the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway regulates dpp and wg expression in the anterior-posterior (A/P) axis, mechanisms specifying their expression in the dorsal-ventral (D/V) axis are not well understood. We present evidence that slimb mutant clones in the disc deregulate wg and dpp expression in the D/V axis. This suggests for the first time that their expression in the D/V axis is actively regulated during imaginal disc development. Furthermore, slimb is unique in that it also deregulates wg and dpp in the A/P axis. The misexpression phenotypes of slimb- clones indicate that the regulation of wg and dpp expression is coordinated in both axes, and that slimb plays an essential role in integrating A/P and D/V signals for proper patterning during development. Our genetic analysis further reveals that slimb intersects the A/P pathway upstream of smoothened (smo).
Self‐Assembled Gels for Biomedical Applications (2010)

Natural and synthetic gel-like materials have featured heavily in the development of biomaterials for wound healing and other tissue-engineering purposes. More recently, molecular gels have been designed and tailored for the same purpose. When mixed with, or conjugated to therapeutic drugs or bioactive molecules, these materials hold great promise for treating/curing life-threatening and degenerative diseases, such as cancer, osteoarthritis, and neural injuries. This focus review explores the latest advances in this field and concentrates on self-assembled gels formed under aqueous conditions (i.e., self-assembled hydrogels), and critically compares their performance within different biomedical applications, including three-dimensional cell-culture studies, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. Although stability and toxicity issues still need to be addressed in more detail, it is clear from the work reviewed here that self-assembled gels have a bright future as novel biomaterials.
UniVSE: Robust Visual Semantic Embeddings via Structured Semantic Representations (2019)

We propose Unified Visual-Semantic Embeddings (UniVSE) for learning a joint space of visual and textual concepts. The space unifies the concepts at different levels, including objects, attributes, relations, and full scenes. A contrastive learning approach is proposed for the fine-grained alignment from only image-caption pairs. Moreover, we present an effective approach for enforcing the coverage of semantic components that appear in the sentence. We demonstrate the robustness of Unified VSE in defending text-domain adversarial attacks on cross-modal retrieval tasks. Such robustness also empowers the use of visual cues to resolve word dependencies in novel sentences.
Effect of coupling on the epidemic threshold in interconnected complex networks: A spectral analysis (2013)

In epidemic spreading models, if the infection strength is higher than a certain critical value - which we define as the epidemic threshold - then the epidemic spreads through the population. For a single arbitrary graph representing the contact network of the population under consideration, the epidemic threshold turns out to be equal to the inverse of the spectral radius of the contact graph. However, in a real world scenario, it is not possible to isolate a population completely: there is always some interconnection with another network, which partially overlaps with the contact network. In this paper, we study the spreading process of a susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) epidemic model in an interconnected network of two generic graphs with generic interconnection and different epidemic-related parameters. Using bifurcation theory and spectral graph theory, we find the epidemic threshold of one network as a function of the infection strength of the other coupled network and adjacency matrices of each graph and their interconnection, and provide a quantitative measure to distinguish weak and strong interconnection topology. These results have implications for the broad field of epidemic modeling and control.
Skeletal Metastases in Carcinoma (1950)

The skeleton is one of the two most important sites for the antemortem demonstration of cancer metastases. In cases of latent primary carcinoma manifested only by secondary deposits in the bones, the site of the primary lesion will be more readily ascertained if the diagnostic work-up is based on a sound appraisal of the incidence of skeletal metastases. The patient who is sent to the radiologist because of back pain, and who is discovered to have a destructive lesion in his vertebrae, presumably metastatic, presents to the clinician the problem of tracking down a hidden source. The latter will be directed in his search by his conception, or misconception, of the primary sites from which carcinomas commonly metastasize to bone. In particular, he is likely to exclude from consideration such sites as the stomach, colon, rectum, pancreas, uterus, bladder, and ovary, or at least to relegate them too far into the background of his thinking. There is a voluminous literature on the incidence of metastases in carcinoma. In the present study, an attempt has been made to relate incidence of skeletal metastases found at autopsy to the estimated prevalence in the population of carcinoma arising from different primary sites. Method and Results The metastases in 1,000 consecutive cases of malignant neoplasms of epithelial origin autopsied at the Montefiore Hospital between 1943 and 1947 were analyzed (1). In every instance, gross and microscopic studies of bone for metastases were undertaken. Sections of thoracic and lumbar vertebral bodies were obtained routinely, and where clinical information warranted it, further studies were made. The skeletal metastases were tabulated and the incidence for each primary site was determined. The results are presented in Table I. Primary sites are listed in descending order of frequency (percentage) of metastases. Of 1,000 carcinomas, 272 were found to have metastasized to bone. There were 10 primary sites with bone metastases in more than 10 per cent of the cases. Frequency Of Skeletal Metastasis at Autopsy: Comparison with the Literature In Table II, the incidence of skeletal metastases at autopsy in cases collected from the literature has been summarized. In general, our figures were higher than those in other series. This was particularly true in carcinoma arising from the gastro-intestinal tract. It has been assumed that gastro-intestinal carcinoma metastasizes to bone only in rare instances. Coley classifies gastric and colonic carcinoma as “ossophobe” (7), and Ewing does not even mention figures on the incidence of skeletal metastases from this source (14). Among 373 gastrointestinal carcinomas in our series, however, 41 (11 per cent) had metastasized to the skeleton. Although most figures are appreciably lower than ours in this respect, some reports have shown a comparable incidence of metastases (2, 4, 45).
The design, construction, and high-frequency performance of developmental drift transistors (1957)

This paper describes a method of fabricating drift-transistor structures* by combining solid-phase diffusion with alloy-junction techniques. Design considerations pertaining to devices made in this manner are presented. The electrical characteristics of developmental drift transistors are related to their physical structure and data are given describing their performance as high-frequency amplifiers.
Iron Chelators: Mode of Action as Antimalarials (1996)

Malaria parasites growing inside human erythrocytes differ from mammalian cells in their mode of acquisition of bioavailable iron and in their susceptibility to the antiproliferative action of iron chelators. We have assessed here three major properties associated with these phenomena: (a) the stage-dependent nature of parasite iron mobilization from the host and its integration into parasite proteins; (b) the differential permeability of the plasma membrane to iron chelators, and (c) the in situ generation of toxic chelator-metal complexes in the intracellular milieu of infected cells. We have used a combination of synthetic and natural iron chelators with similar iron-binding properties but markedly different capacities to permeate membranes. The profiles of action of these agents on the in vitro growth of Plasmodium falciparum were assessed in terms of inhibitory concentrations, speed of action, stage dependence and reversibility of effects. These profiles provided the basis for a working model of chelator action on parasitized cells. The model allowed us to predict major improvements in the antimalarial performance of iron chelators when used in appropriate combinations of slow-and fast-permeating substances. The synergistic actions found in vitro for various combinations of iron chelators are in accordance with the model and have implications for the design of therapeutic schemes.
Efficacy, safety and tolerability of an orally administered cannabis extract in the treatment of spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study (2004)

A standardized Cannabis sativa plant extract might lower spasm frequency and increase mobility with tolerable side effects in MS patients with persistent spasticity not responding to other drugs.
Wavelet based seam carving for content-aware image resizing (2009)

In this paper, a novel content-aware image resizing method based on wavelet analysis is proposed. We estimate the local energy map of an image by weighing its multiscale subbands appropriately. Based on the energy map, the image is resized by repeatedly carving out or inserting in a connected path of pixels which is least significant in terms of the energy. Since wavelet analysis is similar to the way the human visual system operates, the obtained energy map reflects human perception with fidelity, and thus, the semantic information in the image can be preserved faithfully in the resizing process. The experimental results show that the proposed method produces higher subjective quality images than scaling and conventional content-aware image resizing techniques.
A Research Agenda for Brand-Building on the Internet with Banner Advertising (2004)

Abstract This paper proposes a research agenda to address the gaps in knowledge concerning the brand-building qualities of Internet banners. In order to more easily compare the branding power of Internet banners to other traditional media, the author recommends an agenda that standardizes web advertising performance metrics through the use of offline methodologies, establishes a nationally-recognized organization to audit and verify web performance data, increases the number of controlled experimental studies of on-line messages, relates the branding effects of Internet advertising to the traditional advertising hierarchy-of-effects model, and broadens the scope of Internet research to include forms of web advertising such as e-mail, viral marketing, and pop-up ads that may produce different effects than banners. Key Words: Banner advertisingbrandingweb advertisingon-line advertisingadvertising metrics
Photochemistry of Fluorinated Phenyl Nitrenes:  Matrix Isolation of Fluorinated Azirines (1996)

2,6-Difluorophenylnitrene and pentafluorophenylnitrene were generated in solid argon at 10 K by irradiation of the corresponding phenyl azides and characterized by IR and UV spectroscopy. Selective irradiation with lambda = 444 nm results in the formation of the corresponding azirines, while ketene imines are not produced. On lambda = 366 nm irradiation the azirines rearrange back to the nitrenes. The assignment of the azirines is confirmed by ab-initio calculations.
Ulcerative colitis amongst the Saudis: six-year experience from Al-Madinah region. (1996)

Ulcerative Colitis is now being recognized amongst the Arabs. After consideration of the clinical, endoscopic and histopathological data, 80 Saudi patients out of 1,182, were diagnosed as ulcerative colitis. There were 47 males and 33 females. The age ranged between two and 90 years (mean 36.5 years). Endoscopically, the disease was limited to the rectum in 22.5%, rectum and sigmoid in 30%, extended up to the splenic flexure in 27.5% and beyond the splenic flexure in 20% of the patients. Our data supports the recent observation that ulcerative colitis is not uncommon in this part of the world. There are differences in the extent of disease and the presence of local complications, between our patients and those in the high incidence areas.
Increased coagulation activity and genetic polymorphisms in the F5, F10 and EPCRgenes are associated with breast cancer: a case-control study (2014)

A procoagulant phenotype was found in the breast cancer patients. Novel associations with SNPs in F5, F10 and EPCR to breast cancer susceptibility were demonstrated, and the SNPs in F5 were confined to hormone receptor negative and triple negative patients. The study supports the importance of developing new therapeutic strategies targeting coagulation processes in cancer.
Multiple-access protocols for satellite packet communication networks - A performance comparison (1984)

This paper considers satellite packet communication networks with a large population of bursty users and presents an analytic comparison of the throughput versus average message delay trade-off characteristics of multiple-access protocols. The following six multiple-access protocols are examined: 1) slotted ALOHA, 2) reservation-ALOHA, 3) a reservation protocol with a slotted ALOHA reservation channel, 4) a reservation protocol with a TDMA reservation channel, 5) SRUC (Split Reservation Upon Collision), and 6) fixed assigned TDMA. All the protocols are required to ensure that all packets of a message are correctly received in the proper order at the destination. Then, a unified presentation of the delay-throughput performance of the protocols is given by means of an analytical technique called equilibrium point analysis. The throughput versus average message delay tradeoff characteristics are compared taking into account the system stability.
Chemical Constitution and Anthelmintie Activity--IV. Substituted Phenothiazines (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical Constitution and Anthelmintie Activity--IV. Substituted PhenothiazinesJ. Cymerman Craig, M. E. Tate, G. P. Warwick, and W. P. RogersCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1959, 2, 6, 659–668Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm50013a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jm50013a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views182Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Actions of gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists on steroidogenesis in human granulosa lutein cells (2001)

We conclude that GnRH antagonists do not exert any significant effects on ovarian steroidogenesis in vitro and therefore their introduction into protocols of COH is unlikely to impair ovarian function.
Atomic layer deposition of CuCl nanoparticles (2010)

We report the growth of copper (I) chloride by atomic layer deposition. CuCl was deposited as nanoparticle arrays whose size and density were controlled by the process conditions. The nanoparticles were deposited using the self-limiting reaction of [bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene]-(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)-copper(I) and hydrogen chloride. UV absorption measurements showed the characteristic Z1,2 and Z3 exciton absorption bands of CuCl. A strong UV emission was observed at 5 K from the free exciton Z3 and bound exciton I1 at 386.7 and 390.6 nm, respectively. A previously unreported visible emission band at 408 nm was also observed and attributed to the acceptor level of Cu vacancies.
Affinity-purified c-Jun amino-terminal protein kinase requires serine/threonine phosphorylation for activity. (1992)

The addition of phorbol esters to U937 leukemic cells stimulates the phosphorylation of c-Jun on serines 63 and 73. To isolate the protein kinase which stimulates this phosphorylation, we have used heparin-Sepharose chromatography followed by affinity chromatography over glutathione-Sepharose beads bound with a fusion protein of glutathione S-transferase and amino acids 5-89 of c-Jun (GST-c-Jun). Using this procedure we purify a 67-kDa protein which is capable of phosphorylating GST-c-Jun as well as the complete c-Jun protein. By making mutations in serines 63 and 73 and then creating a fusion protein with GST (GST-c-Jun mut), we demonstrate that this protein kinase specifically phosphorylates these sites in the c-Jun amino terminus. Treatment of purified c-Jun amino-terminal protein kinase (cJAT-PK) with phosphatase 2A inhibits its ability to phosphorylate GST-c-Jun. This inactivated enzyme can be reactivated by phosphorylation with protein kinase C (PKC), although PKC is not capable of phosphorylating the GST-c-Jun substrate. Because v-Jun cannot be phosphorylated in vivo, we compared the ability of cJAT-PK to bind to GST-v-Jun or GST-c-Jun mut. The cJAT-PK bound 50-fold better to GST-c-Jun mut than GST-v-Jun suggesting that the delta domain which is missing in v-Jun plays a role in binding the cJAT-PK. These results suggest that there is a protein kinase cascade mediated by protein phosphatases and PKC which regulates c-Jun phosphorylation.
In vitro properties of light-polymerized reline materials. (1992)

One premixed and three powder-liquid light-polymerized, hard denture reline materials were evaluated for Knoop hardness, transverse strength, and tensile strength when bonded to a heat-activated denture resin. The chemical compositions of the components of the reline materials were analyzed. The premixed light-activated liner was harder, had a higher tensile bond strength to the heat-activated denture resin, and was somewhat stronger than the power-liquid reline materials. Properties of the resins were related to their compositions.
Unique Aggregation of Anthrax (<i>Bacillus </i><i>a</i><i>nthracis</i>) Spores by Sugar-Coated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2006)

There has been significant interest in the binding of anthrax spores by molecular species, but with only limited success. Proteins and more recently peptides were used. However, despite the known presence of carbohydrates on the spore surface, carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions have hardly been explored likely because of the lack of required specific platform for synthetic carbohydrates. We report the successful use of single-walled carbon nanotubes as a truly unique scaffold for displaying multivalent monosaccharide ligands that bind effectively to anthrax spores with divalent cation mediation to cause significant spore aggregation. The work should have far-reaching implications in development of countermeasure technologies.
A simple approach to 12‐azaprostaglandin congeners (1980)

Abstract The base‐catalyzed alkylation of N ‐acylated 3‐pyrrolines has been studied. The reaction has been utilized in an approach to the synthesis of 12‐azaprostaglandins according to the following sequence. 3‐Pyrroline was acylated with 1‐chloro‐1‐octen‐3‐one and the resulting amide alkylated at the 2‐position with I‐(CH 2 ) 6 C(OCH 3 ) 3 . Subsequently, the α‐ and β‐(13,14‐dihydro)‐prostanoid chains were formed by sodium borohydride reduction, followed by hydrolysis. The resulting product, 1‐(3‐hydroxyoctyl)‐2‐(6‐methoxycarbonylhexyl)‐3‐pyrroline ( 13 ), constitutes a central intermediate for 12‐azaprostaglandins.