gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
REGULATION OF GENE ACTIVITY BY DOSAGE COMPENSATION AT THE CHROMOSOMAL LEVEL IN DROSOPHILA (1975)

Two models of dosage compensation have been tested by the measurement of G6PD and 6PGD enzymatic specific activities in flies hyperploid for regions of the X chromosome. Females duplicated for the proximal half of the X chromosomes (2 1/2 X's) have an increased level of G6PD and a normal level of 6PGD. Females duplicated for the distal half of the X chromosome (2 1/2 X's) have a normal level of G6PD and an increased level of 6PGD. Males bearing duplications of various segments of the X chromosome show control levels of G6PD and 6PGD, except where the duplicated region includes the structural gene for G6PD or 6PGD. These results fail to provide evidence for either the presence of discrete X-linked compensator (regulator) genes reducing the activity of other X-linked genes, or for a factor in limiting supply necessary for the transcription of all the genes on the X chromosome. Superfemales (3 X chromosomes) have the same G6PD and 6PGD activity levels as their diploid sisters. It would appear that the regulation of gene activity by dosage compensation is a chromosomal phenomenon in that the level of activity per gene copy for loci on the X chromosome is modulated in a stepwise fashion according to the total number of X chromosomes present.
USE OF DNA RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS TO DOCUMENT MARROW ENGRAFTMENT AND MIXED HEMATOPOIETIC CHIMERISM FOLLOWING BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION (1987)

We have studied the feasibility of using DNA restriction fragment-length polymorphisms (RFLP) to study marrow engraftment in 27 patients after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, and have compared these results with those obtained using red blood cell antigens, cytogenetics, and immunoglobulin allotypes. Using highly polymorphic DNA probes, we have documented stable chronic mixed hematopoietic chimerism, have identified transient mixed chimeras, have excluded mixed chimerism with high probability in retrospective studies even when a pretransplant DNA sample was not available, have documented marrow engraftment in the early posttransplant period, and have studied the origin of leukemic cells in patients with recurrent disease. We have evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of several genetic markers and have developed tentative statements concerning the prognosis of patients with mixed chimerism. We conclude that DNA RFLP are powerful and practical genetic markers in bone marrow transplantation studies and that further studies of mixed hematopoietic chimerism are warranted.
Anomalous Diffusion in a Trading Model (2009)

The result of the trading model by Chakrabarti et al. [1] is the wealth distribution with a mixed exponential and power law distribution. Based on the motivation of studying the dynamics behind the flow of money similar to work done by Brockmann [2, 3] we track the flow of money in this trading model to observe anomalous diffusion in the form of long waiting times and Levy Flights.
Uncertainty estimation for temperature measurement with diagnostic ultrasound (2016)

Temperature measurements using the echo-time-shift method might be useful for validation of treatment plan algorithms. This might also be a comparatively accurate, fast, and affordable method for laboratory and clinical quality assessment. Further research is necessary to improve filter algorithms and to extend this method to multiple foci and the usage of temperature-dependent tissue quantities. We used an analytical approach to investigate the uncertainties of temperature measurement. Different analysis variations are compared to determine temperature distribution and development over time.
Geographical partition for distributed web crawling (2005)

This paper evaluates scalable distributed crawling by means of the geographical partition of the Web. The approach is based on the existence of multiple distributed crawlers each one responsible for the pages belonging to one or more previously identified geographical zones. The work considers a distributed crawler where the assignment of pages to visit is based on page content geographical scope. For the initial assignment of a page to a partition we use a simple heuristic that marks a page within the same scope of the hosting web server geographical location. During download, if the analyze of a page contents recommends a different geographical scope, the page is forwarded to the well-located web server.A sample of the Portuguese Web pages, extracted during the year 2005, was used to evaluate: a) page download communication times and the b) overhead of pages exchange among servers. Evaluation results permit to compare our approach to conventional hash partitioning strategies.
Same-day admission for cardiac surgery: A benefit to patient, family, and institution (1993)

A pilot program was conducted in an effort to understand the advantages of admitting patients requiring cardiac surgery on the day of the scheduled surgical procedure. A total of 143 patients over a 4-month period were admitted on the day of surgery. Patients required repair of atrial septal defect (adult), coronary artery bypass grafts, and/or heart valve replacements. Patients, family members, and significant others verbalized positive feelings about the program. Both nurses and physicians assert that a high quality of patient care was rendered through this program. Additionally, the institution realized some financial gain by reducing the length of stay for each patient by at least 1 day.
Effect of introducing genetically engineered microorganisms on soil microbial community diversity (1991)

Introducing the genetically engineered microorganism Pseudomonas cepacia AC1100 into soil microcosms resulted in elevated taxonomic diversity determined by phenotypic analyses of culturable isolates and genetic diversity determined by analysis of the heterogeneity of total microbial community DNA reannealing kinetics. The greatest impact occurred when P. cepacia AC1100 was introduced along with the herbicide 2,4,5-T, which P. cepacia AC1100 can degrade. The data suggests that both changes in the balance of populations and genetic recombination contributed to the increased diversity.
[Effect of infrared low-intensity laser radiation on a mutation process and proliferative corneal activity in experimental cerebral hypoxia]. (2009)

The paper deals with the impact of infrared low-intensity laser radiation (IRLILR) on a mutation process and the proliferative activity of the animal cornea during stimulation of circulatory brain hypoxia. During an experiment on laboratory albino rats, IRLILR was studied for its impact on the level of chromosomal rearrangements and the mitotic index in the corneal cells was calculated in circulatory brain hypoxia. Laser exposure during stimulation of circulatory brain hypoxia favors normalization of the level of chromosomal aberrations and a mitotic cycle in the rat corneal epithelial cells. The experimental findings suggest that IRLILR may be used in ophthalmological care for antihypoxic purposes.
The Dead Have Nothing to Lose by Telling the Truth (1998)

On the Fifiieth Anniversary of the Adoption of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights He sees the leaves fly free.She sees the wild horse and the sparrow.Free to labor, to consort with their kind, to choose or be chosen.He sees them fed and feeding, mindful of the season.She hears the continents shifting, he smells the air of change.He tastes the wind-borne soot of rebirth.She feels the human cry in her bones.What can they do to gain our attention?Shall he dance, shall he spin in the air, shall he vote with his feet, with his voice, with the shells of his burning ears?Shall she tell the world to hear the world's crying?Shall she number the bodies, the prisons, the pyres, shall he mark the graves, display the bloody shackles?How many pairs of disembodied heads will it take?How many detached hands and feet?How many hollow cheeks, empty stomachs, vacant eyes?How many skulls without memory?He has been there, she has seen it, they have lived and died a long time.
Evidence of Association Between Plasma High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Risk Factors for Breast Cancer (1990)

Females in western societies have higher plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) than males. The difference in plasma lipids between the sexes is believed to contribute to differences in risk of heart disease. The evidence reviewed here demonstrates that plasma levels of HDL-C are also associated with factors influencing risk of breast cancer, a leading cause of death in women in western societies. Both breast cancer risk and HDL-C levels are higher in women who live in northern European countries than in those who live in Asia, in women who have never been pregnant compared with those who have, and in women of higher socioeconomic status. HDL-C levels are also affected by several other known or suspected factors in breast cancer risk; these include dietary fat intake, alcohol consumption, endogenous hormones, and premenopausal leanness. Increases in any of these factors are known to increase the level of HDL-C. Preliminary work has also shown HDL-C levels to be higher in subjects with mammographic dysplasia and a family history of breast cancer. Further, in serum-free culture systems, HDL-C appears to possess biologic properties that may be relevant to carcinogenesis. In other areas, evidence of a relationship between increased HDL-C levels and increased breast cancer risk is either incomplete or contradictory. These areas include obesity (in the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer), use of exogenous hormones (oral contraceptives or postmenopausal estrogens), and physical exercise. In addition, both elevated and depressed levels of HDL-C have been reported in women with breast cancer. Our findings suggest an association between high HDL-C levels and the epidemiology of breast cancer risk. We recommend additional studies of plasma lipid level as a possible risk factor for this disease.
Comparative study of tear substitutes and their immediate effect on the precorneal tear film. (1997)

Dry eye patients present with instability of the precorneal tear film which breaks up much earlier than normally. The instability of the precorneal tear film leads to dry eye symptoms such as the sensation of sand in the eye, recurrent blurred vision, itching, smartness, and the sensation of dryness. The stability of the precorneal tear film can be evaluated by the break-up-time test (BUT). The aim of treatment of dry eye is to increase the precorneal tear film stability. Tear substitutes are the most frequent medication for dry eye patients, who request life-long treatment. Therefore, we estimated the influence of tear substitutes on the precorneal tear film stability. The influence of unpreserved artificial tear substitute containing 0.1% sodium hyaluronate (Healon 0.1%) was compared with that of 7 different available tear substitute preparations containing preservatives. The results of the present study show that Healon 0.1% has the best influence on the precorneal tear film stability. These data were found to be independent of the viscosity property of Healon 0.1%.
Facile Synthesis of 3-Substituted and 1,3-Disubstituted Quinolin-2(1H)-ones from 2-Nitrobenzaldehydes (2005)

2-Nitrobenzaldehydes were reduced with iron powder to 2-aminobenzaldehydes, which were reacted immediately with acyl chlorides to provide 2-carboxamidobenzaldehydes (1) with overall yields of 71-90 %.Reaction of 1 with base provided 3-substituted quinolin-2(1H)-ones with 63-97 % yields.Treatment of 1 with methyl iodide and base gave 1-methyl-3-substituted quinolin-2(1H)-ones with 82-95 % yields, whereas the treatment with isopropyl iodide gave 1-isopropyl-3-substituted quinolin-2(1H)-ones with 7-42 % yields.
Urine Annexin A1 as an Index for Glomerular Injury in Patients (2014)

ANXA1 is a universal biomarker that is helpful in the early diagnosis, prognostic prediction, and outcome monitoring of glomerular injury. Measurement of urinary ANXA1 protein levels can help in differentiating MCD from other types of glomerular disorders.
Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate induces mesothelioma cell death <i>via</i> H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>−dependent T‐type Ca<sup>2+</sup> channel opening (2012)

Malignant mesothelioma (MMe) is a highly aggressive, lethal tumour requiring the development of more effective therapies. The green tea polyphenol epigallocathechin-3-gallate (EGCG) inhibits the growth of many types of cancer cells. We found that EGCG is selectively cytotoxic to MMe cells with respect to normal mesothelial cells. MMe cell viability was inhibited by predominant induction of apoptosis at lower doses and necrosis at higher doses. EGCG elicited H(2) O(2) release in cell cultures, and exogenous catalase (CAT) abrogated EGCG-induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis and necrosis. Confocal imaging of fluo 3-loaded, EGCG-exposed MMe cells showed significant [Ca(2+) ](i) rise, prevented by CAT, dithiothreitol or the T-type Ca(2+) channel blockers mibefradil and NiCl(2) . Cell loading with dihydrorhodamine 123 revealed EGCG-induced ROS production, prevented by CAT, mibefradil or the Ca(2+) chelator BAPTA-AM. Direct exposure of cells to H(2) O(2) produced similar effects on Ca(2+) and ROS, and these effects were prevented by the same inhibitors. Sensitivity of REN cells to EGCG was correlated with higher expression of Ca(v) 3.2 T-type Ca(2+) channels in these cells, compared to normal mesothelium. Also, Ca(v) 3.2 siRNA on MMe cells reduced in vitro EGCG cytotoxicity and abated apoptosis and necrosis. Intriguingly, Ca(v) 3.2 expression was observed in malignant pleural mesothelioma biopsies from patients, but not in normal pleura. In conclusion, data showed the expression of T-type Ca(2+) channels in MMe tissue and their role in EGCG selective cytotoxicity to MMe cells, suggesting the possible use of these channels as a novel MMe pharmacological target.
Childhood Erythroleukemia (1986)

Marrow hematopoiesis was examined in two infants with erythroleukemia (EL) using cell culture colony assays. At diagnosis, marrow from both yielded normal to increased numbers of granulocytic colonies (CFU-C), erythroid bursts (BFU-E), and mixed colonies (CFU-GEMM), which contrasted sharply with the reduced growth in eight other newly diagnosed patients with acute leukemia. BFU-E proliferation and hemoglobinization proceeded normally in culture and was entirely erythropoietin-dependent. CFU-C colony cellular composition showed normal granulopoiesis in various stages of development. Despite low numbers of morphologically recognizable blasts in the aspirates, they were readily identified in a blast colony assay because of their high plating efficiency and high index of self-renewal on replating. Blast cells in all cultures had myeloblastic morphology, were peroxidase positive, and expressed the granulocytic-specific My-1 antigen. Monosomy 7 was seen in fresh and cultured blast cells but not in lymphocytes, indicating a clonal proliferation. After chemotherapy-induced remission, blast colonies and monosomy 7 could no longer be detected. It appears that the integrity and function of the normal hematopoietic progenitor pool were preserved in these patients with EL. The abnormal myeloblastic proliferation was expressed actively in colony assays and was useful diagnostically in these cases because marrow morphology was nondiagnostic. In these patients, EL seems to be a misnomer since the findings are suggestive of acute myeloblastic leukemia with secondary erythroid and granulocytic hyperplasia.
Postconditioning Protects Skeletal Muscle Against a Long-Lasting Vascular Occlusion (2014)

Postconditioning was able to reduce local complications after a long-lasting lower limb vascular occlusion.
Apoptosis of human macrophages by Flt-4 signaling: Implications for atherosclerotic plaque pathology (2006)

Human monocytes/macrophages express VEGF-C and -D and their receptor Flt-4 in vitro and in vivo within advanced atherosclerotic lesions. Flt-4, in turn, mediates monocyte/macrophage apoptosis and may this way alter plaque stability.
The left ventricle in aortic stenosis: evidence for the use of ACE inhibitors (2006)

c This study shows that it is safe to use an ACE inhibitor for
Maser Operation at Signal Frequencies Higher than Pump Frequency (1961)

Methods using harmonic spin coupling for operating solid-state masers with signal frequencies higher than the pump frequency are discussed. Expressions for the population inversion ratios are presented, and the maximum signal-to-pump-frequency ratios are calculated. Experimental data is presented on a ruby maser which is operated using the symmetrical method. Amplification was obtained at signal frequencies from 10,320 to 10,740 Mc, using pump frequencies ranging from 9580 to 9670 Mc. An experiment in which maser operation is obtained simultaneously at two frequencies is described.
Dichotomous roles of TGF-β in human cancer (2016)

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) mediates numerous biological processes, including embryonic development and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis in a context-dependent manner. Consistent with its central role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, inhibition of TGF-β signaling results in disruption of normal homeostatic processes and subsequent carcinogenesis, defining the TGF-β signaling pathway as a tumor suppressor. However, once carcinogenesis is initiated, the TGF-β signaling pathway promotes cancer progression. This dichotomous function of the TGF-β signaling pathway is mediated through altering effects on both the cancer cells, by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation, and the tumor microenvironment, by promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting immunosurveillance. Current studies support inhibition of TGF-β signaling either alone, or in conjunction with anti-angiogenic therapy or immunotherapy as a promising strategy for the treatment of human cancers.
Screening for liver cancer: results of a randomised controlled trial in Qidong, China (2003)

Screening with AFP resulted in earlier diagnosis of liver cancer, but the gain in lead time did not result in any overall reduction in mortality, because therapy for the patients found by screening was ineffective. Further studies using improved methods of screening, diagnosis and treatment are indicated.
Development of a Functional Glomerulus at the Organ Level on a Chip to Mimic Hypertensive Nephropathy (2016)

Glomerular hypertension is an important factor exacerbating glomerular diseases to end-stage renal diseases because, ultimately, it results in glomerular sclerosis (especially in hypertensive and diabetic nephropathy). The precise mechanism of glomerular sclerosis caused by glomerular hypertension is unclear, due partly to the absence of suitable in vitro or in vivo models capable of mimicking and regulating the complex mechanical forces and/or organ-level disease processes. We developed a "glomerulus-on-a-chip" (GC) microfluidic device. This device reconstitutes the glomerulus with organ-level glomerular functions to create a disease model-on-a chip that mimics hypertensive nephropathy in humans. It comprises two channels lined by closely opposed layers of glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes that experience fluid flow of physiological conditions to mimic the glomerular microenvironment in vivo. Our results revealed that glomerular mechanical forces have a crucial role in cellular cytoskeletal rearrangement as well as the damage to cells and their junctions that leads to increased glomerular leakage observed in hypertensive nephropathy. Results also showed that the GC could readily and flexibly meet the demands of a renal-disease model. The GC could provide drug screening and toxicology testing, and create potential new personalized and accurate therapeutic platforms for glomerular disease.
CAR T-Cell Therapy: Opportunities and Challenges (2016)

A letter in response to: Milena Kalaitsidou, Gray Kueberuwa, Antje Schütt & David Edward Gilham. CAR T-cell therapy: toxicity and the relevance of preclinical models. Immunotherapy 7(5), 487-497 (2015).
The Colorimetric Determination of Cyanide-Group Anions and Ammonia in Sewage and Wastes (1952)

Abstract not available
On the nature of the dynamic contact angle: an experimental study (1982)

The dynamic contact angle formed when silicone oil displaces air from the surface of glass has been measured. Even though the glass was neither treated in any special way nor cleaned by an elaborate technique, the standard deviation associated with our measurements was approximately 1·5°. A sequence of experiments revealed that the dynamic contact angle depends on both the speed at which the oil spreads across the glass and the size of the characteristic length scale associated with the device within which it is measured. It is shown that the latter implies directly that: (i) the measured and the actual contact angles are not the same; (ii) the usual hydrodynamic model for fluids is inadequate when a moving contact line is present. These conclusions are consistent with recent theoretical studies.
From colloids to nanotechnology: Investigations on magic nuclearity palladium nanocrystals (2003)

Current status of nanoscience research is briefly surveyed with special emphasis on monodisperse metal nanocrystals. Tunneling spectroscopy measurements on polymer protected magic nuclearity Pd 5 6 1 nanocrystals have revealed single electron charging effects. Mesoscopic organizations resulting from self-assembly of these nanocrystals have been investigated. Giant clusters containing magic numbers of nanocrystals are formed when the nanocrystals are capped uniformly with a polymer. In contrast, alkanethiol capped nanocrystals yield well ordered two-dimensional arrays. The Pd nanocrystals have also been exploited as seeds to grow Ni overlayers of desired thickness to form Pd-Ni core-shell nanoparticles. Magnetic arrays of Pd-Ni nanoparticles have been obtained.
Huge declines in price as competition heats up in Vancouver's booming laser-surgery market. (1999)

The advertising is everywhere. It covers downtown billboards, buses and bus shelters, it's on the radio and television, and it's in the glossy city magazines. Aggressive marketing, it seems, goes hand in hand with British Columbia's booming market for laser eye surgery, which is enjoying an
Evaluating Pictographic Symbols: An Automotive Application (1978)

Fifty university students participated in a laboratory experiment which examined 19 pictographic symbols previously used or proposed for labelling automobile controls and displays. Association norms, measures of familiarity, and magnitude estimates of the symbols' communicativeness were collected. Twenty of these subjects also participated in a paired-associate learning task and a two-alternative, forced-choice reaction-time task in which they made same-different judgments in response to verbally presented symbol labels followed by visually presented pictograms. It was found that, in general, the relative order of merit for the individual symbols was not consistent across tasks. Specifically, ratings of communicativeness were found to be well correlated with associative strength and to a lesser extent with reaction time, but associative strength was only weakly correlated with reaction time. Ease of learning was found to be an independent measure.
Impact of spouse caregiving on health behaviors and physical and mental health status (1994)

The impact of caring for a spouse with a progressive dementia on caregiver's health behaviors and health status was examined. Data collected from 44 spouse caregivers indicates that: • Providing full-time care interferes with preventive health behaviors (eating nutritiously, exercising) and contributes to high risk behaviors (overeating, alcohol and substance use); • Health behaviors are frequently used as coping strategies; • Caregivers rated their own health as poorer than their spouse's health; and • Disabling (arthritis, cardiac and back problems) and stress-related health problems (migraines, colitis) are a consequence of and interfere with care provision.