gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growing C57Bl/6 Mice Increase Whole Bone Mechanical Properties by Increasing Geometric and Material Properties (1999)

In vivo murine models are becoming increasingly important in bone research. To establish baseline data for researchers using these models, we studied the long bones from C57BL/6 female mice, a strain that is widely used in bone research. We determined the femoral structural and material properties in both torsion and four-point bending for mice at ages 4-24 weeks. Measurements of femoral cross-sectional geometry and tibial densitometric properties were also obtained. Results indicated that all structural properties (except ultimate energy), changed significantly with age (p < 0.001). Ultimate torque, ultimate moment, torsional rigidity, and bending rigidity all increased to peak values at 20 weeks, whereas ultimate rotation and ultimate displacement decreased to minimum values at 20 weeks. Our data indicate that increases in the material properties contributed more than increases in cross-sectional geometry to the changes in structural rigidity and ultimate load. For example, from 4-20 weeks torsional rigidity increased 1030%, while shear modulus increased 610% and the polar moment of inertia (a measure of the geometric resistance to rotation) increased by only 85%. Changes in the cross-sectional geometry with age were due to increases in periosteal diameter and decreases in endosteal diameter. In general, both torsion and bending techniques revealed large changes in structural and material properties with age. We conclude that peak bone strength is not achieved before 20 weeks in C57BL/6 female mice, and that torsion and four-point bending tests are equally well suited for evaluating mechanical properties of murine long bones.
SI08 Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification of Disease‐Associated Prion Protein Using Human Autopsy Tissues (2006)

The protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) technique allows for the in vitro production of protease‐resistant prion protein (PrP res ) using a seed of disease‐associated prion protein (PrP sc ) to convert normal cellular prion protein (PrP c ). This system has been developed using brain tissue from scrapie infected hamsters to provide the seed and normal uninfected hamster brain to provide PrP c substrate and the required conversion factors. These are mixed and subjected to repeated rounds of sonication and incubation. Extremely low concentrations of PrP sc , such as those present in blood, have been detectable. In order to adapt this method for use in CJD research and in the development of diagnostic tests for human prion diseases it will be necessary to identify a source of human PrP c and co‐factors that support amplification of human PrP sc . We have tested whether human autopsy tissues held at the National CJD Surveillance Unit support PMCA. Using a seed extract from variant CJD brain mixed with homogenates of nonCJD neurological control brain we have been able to effect a >600‐fold increase in the detection limit of PrP res , as determined by Western Blotting. Further development of this technique in concert with high sensitivity PrP sc detection methods, such as conformation dependent immunoassay, may result in a method capable of acting as a confirmatory assay for disease‐associated prion protein in human tissues and biological fluids such as blood.
Acoustic Emission from Partial Discharge in Encapsulated Voids (1984)

BACKGROUND The techniques currently used to assess partial discharge activity in power transformers rely on electrical measurements performed at the terminals. Although such measurements can detect aggregate discharge activity, they give little information regarding the location of individual discharge sites and only a crude estimate of the actual discharge activity. In modern encapsulated power transformers, where size and weight limitations lead to stringent requirements of dielectric integrity, such terminal measurements should be supplemented by other techniques in order to provide better quality control of production and better incipient fault detection. An acoustic emission detection system is being developed to locate and evaluate individual partial discharge sites in encapsulated transformers. Experiments in the frequency range of 130 to 170 kHz have been carried out in a specially designed, intFgrated test cell which show the relationship between conventional electrical measurements and acoustic emissions for a range of void sizes. The significance of these two sets of measurements in the evaluation of a practical acoustic emission detection system will be discussed.
The Ser 460 to Pro substitution of the protein S alpha (PROS1) gene is a frequent mutation associated with free protein S (type IIa) deficiency (1995)

A Ser 460 to Pro mutation of protein S (PS), involving a T to C transition in exon XIII of the protein S alpha (PROS1) gene and known as the Heerlen polymorphism, was found in 16 of 85 symptomatic patients with PS deficiency (18.8%) and only 1 of 113 healthy subjects (0.8%). Another frequent polymorphism was described in exon XV of the PROS1 gene, in the codon for Pro 626 (CCA/CCG). We found that Heerlen polymorphism was associated with allele CCA and not with allele CCG, suggesting a probable transmission by a common ancestor. Most subjects bearing the Ser 460 to Pro mutation were deficient in free PS, but had normal total PS levels. Normal levels of the C4b-binding protein (C4b-BP) isoform containing a beta chain (C4b-BP beta +) ruled out increased C4b-BP beta + as a cause of the free-PS deficiency. The binding curves of the mutated (Heerlen) PS on C4b-BP immobilized on microplates were biphasic, suggesting that one molecule of C4b-BP can bind two molecules of Heerlen PS. Because normal PS binds to C4b-BP with 1:1 stoichiometry, this may explain the free-PS deficiency observed in patients carrying the Ser 460 to Pro mutation.
The wobble motor - An electrostatic, planetary-armature, microactuator (1989)

A variety of micromotor concepts has been evaluated, with the wobble motor (WM) approach being one of those selected for extensive study. Various WM configurations have been analytically evaluated using finite-element methods and closed-form solutions. Important performance characteristics have been estimated such as stall torque and free speed, and alternate strategies for motor control have been examined. Five motor configurations and a variety of silicon-based and non-silicon-based fabrication techniques have been examined in detail. In exploratory exercises, motors have been fabricated using direct mechanical assembly, electro-discharge machining (EDM), cylindrical photolithographic etching, and coextrusion of metal and plastic. The EDM approach was selected as the motor alternative which could function as an experimental testbed. Fifteen EDM WMs have been constructed and utilized for experimental purposes. Experiments aimed at generating simple preliminary data have been conducted, and results compare reasonably to analytical studies. >
ESTIMATION OF TRACE ELEMENT iiiOAVA I LABILITY : INTESTINAL ABSORPTION FROM IRON ENRICHED DIETETIC FOODS (1987)

ESTIMATION OF TRACE ELEMENT iiiOAVA I LABILITY : INTESTINAL ABSORPTION FROM IRON ENRICHED DIETETIC FOODS was published in Volume 4 Proceedings of the 4. International Workshop, Neuherberg, F. R. G., April 1986 on page 121.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Synthetic Entry to Strychnos Alkaloids of the Curan Type via a Common 3a‐(2‐Nitrophenyl)hexahydroindol‐4‐one Intermediate. Total Syntheses of (.+‐.)‐ and (‐)‐Tubifolidine, (.+‐.)‐Akuammicine, (.+‐.)‐ 19,20‐Dihydroakuammicine, (.+‐.)‐Norfluorocurarine, (.+‐.)‐ Echitamidine, and (.+‐.)‐20‐Epilochneridine. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Structure of “hexanitrosobenzene” from vibrational spectroscopy (1967)

N. Bacon, A. J. Boulton and A. R. Katritzky, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1967, 63, 833 DOI: 10.1039/TF9676300833
On Sequence Variants that Influence the Risk of Common Diseases (2008)

Abstract Sequence variants impacting risk of common diseases have the following characteristics: Most of the risk of common diseases is conferred by common variants of modest effect although there are rare variants of large effect that account for a small minority of cases. The risk variants are rarely in coding sequences. They generally influence expression of genes and in that determine where on the spectrum of physiologic function an individual falls. The risk variants are common because they have been under selection and carried with them advantage at some point in time or other alleles at their loci have conferred disadvantage.
Modeling and Analysis of Two-Flow Interactions in Wireless Networks (2008)

Interference plays a complex and often defining role in the performance of wireless networks, especially in multi-hop scenarios. In the presence of interference, Carrier sense multiple access MAC protocols are known to suffer from the hidden terminal and exposed terminal problems, which can cause poor performance and unfairness. In this paper, we examine the possible interference modes arising among two interfering one-hop connections under a two-disc model of interference. We classify the large set of resulting configurations into five categories and develop closed form expressions to compute their probability of occurrence. The analysis exposes two new categories, whose occurrence is common, and whose behavior differs significantly from the three known interference categories. Further, the frequency of occurrence of the categories differ significantly from existing results (obtained with a simpler unit disc model of interference). We develop throughput estimation models for the different categories and validate them using simulation.
Impaired Prothrombin Consumption in Bernard-Soulier Syndrome Is Corrected In Vitro by Human Factor VIII (1997)

The Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS) is characterized by thrombocytopenia with giant platelets, a prolonged bleeding time with defective platelet adhesion to the subendothelium related to a defect in platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib (GPIb) and a decreased prothrombin consumption. The mechanism of the latter abnormality remains unknown. In this study, we showed that this defect was corrected by the addition of purified human factor VIII (FVIII) to blood from four patients with BSS. The correction of prothrombin consumption was almost complete at concentrations between 1.5 and 3 IU/ml of FVIII procoagulant activity (VIII:C) and partially abolished by a monoclonal antibody which neutralizes VIII:C. This correction was specific for FVIII and was not observed after addition of purified human FIX. It was obtained, in the same magnitude range, with FVIII complexed to von Willebrand factor (vWF) but not with free vWF. These data provide a new insight into the knowledge of the physiological interaction between the platelet membrane and the vWF-FVIII complex facilitating plasma coagulation activation and may lead to helpful therapeutic advances.
Direct synthesis and catalytic evaluation of AlSBA-1 (2002)

The direct synthesis of the new mesoporous molecular sieve AlSBA-1 containing exclusively tetrahedrally coordinated aluminium and the catalytic activity of the novel material in the isomerization of n-decane are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Syntheses of cis and trans Isomers of Combretastatin A‐4. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Lubricating Oil Condition monitoring Through Particle Size Analysis (1988)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Oil analysis programs are used to monitor the condition of diesel engines. From the standpoint of engine protection, the size and concentration of oil contaminants are as important as their chemical composition. Wear rates are related to the contaminant size distribution in the oil and degree of filtration. Spectroscopic analysis does not provide particle size information and is incapable of measuring the particularly damaging particles larger than 10 μm. Particle size analysis, when used to complement the spectroscopic analysis, provides a better description of the condition of lubricating and transmission oil. Particle size data can be obtained by particle counters, though in the past it was difficult to obtain reliable data. Recent developments overcome many of these difficulties and permit reliable interpretations of particle size data. This allows better decisions to be made concerning the engine and oil conditions and the filtration requirements of the system.</div>
CCDC 802283: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2013)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Vascular cell responsiveness to Toll‐like receptor ligands in carotid atheroma (2008)

Vascular cells are responsive to a relatively diverse range of TLR ligands and may be exposed, at least transiently, to ligands of TLR2, TLR4, TLR5 and TLR9 during the development of carotid atheroma.
Wideband Command and Control Modem (Experimental Model Phase). (1974)

This report documents the analysis, design, and test of a spread spectrum modem for Remotely Piloted Vehicle (RPV) applications. The waveform design for the modems fabricated was defined in a preceding conceptual study phase and the ensuing analyses performed in support of modem fabrication are presented in this report. Analyses performed encompass analog to digital converter design, error control code definition, signal acquisition and tracking, and message through-out performance. Also presented in this report are descriptions of the functional modules into which the modems were partitioned. Modules common to the ground station modem and RPV modem are identified followed by a description of the modem mechanical design. Test features for conducting experiments with the experimental model modems are described along with modem operating procedures. After completing modem fabrication, the units were subjected to laboratory tests simulating potential operating conditions. The results obtained are summarized in the report. (Author)
Single Molecule Observations of Desorption-Mediated Diffusion at the Solid-Liquid Interface (2011)

By directly observing molecular trajectories on a chemically heterogeneous surface, we have identified two distinct modes of diffusion involving (1) displacements within isolated surface islands (crawling mode), and (2) displacements where a molecule desorbs from an island, diffuses through the adjacent liquid phase, and readsorbs on another island (flying mode). The diffusion coefficients corresponding to these two modes differ by an order of magnitude, and both modes are also observed on chemically homogeneous surfaces. Comparison with previous results suggested that desorption-mediated diffusion is the primary transport mechanism in self-assembled monolayer formation.
The Role of Anesthetic Induction Agents and Neuromuscular Blockade in the Endotracheal Intubation of Trauma Victims (1992)

Management of extensive trauma often requires immediate tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. The role of anesthetic induction agents and neuromuscular blockade in the airway management of the trauma victim is disputed. To better define the role of these agents in the acute management of trauma, the adult trauma registry of The Johns Hopkins Hospital was reviewed to determine the frequency of use of these agents in acute airway management and to assess the effect of these agents on the incidence of complications. Ninety-seven patients were reviewed. Thirty-one patients were intubated because of cardiopulmonary arrest. Of the remaining 66 patients, oral intubation was initially attempted in 54. When drugs were used to facilitate intubation (n = 36), the success rate was 92 per cent on the first attempt, and 100 per cent on the second attempt. When drugs were not used (n = 18), 39 per cent could not be intubated (n = 7). Subsequent drug administration resulted in successful intubation of five of seven of these patients. Nasal intubation (no drugs) was only successful in 60 per cent of the patients (50 per cent on first attempt). Four patients required a cricothyrotomy. Two other patients vomited, and one patient aspirated. None of these patients received drugs prior to the first attempt at intubation. No hemodynamic or neurologic complications, related to relaxant or induction agent use, were observed. These findings suggest that oral intubation with drugs to facilitate airway management is most likely to result in successful intubation on the first attempt and that drug use in the trauma setting is safe.
Multiple description image coding framework for EBCOT (2003)

Multiple description coding (MDC) schemes have become popular as robustness tools in packet switched networks where multiple paths with varying packet loss rates are available. The descriptions are designed so that the quality of the reconstructed image depends on the number of descriptions received and not on which descriptions are actually received. We propose a new MDC framework for the EBCOT algorithm used in the current JPEG 2000 standard for still image compression. The inherent block coding in EBCOT allows for more flexibility in the formation of basic groups that are then combined in different ways to form descriptions. The bit allocation problem (between the different groups in a description) is formulated and optimized for good rate-distortion performance. Optimization of the bit allocation between the primary and secondary positions in each description is obtained using the generalized BFOS algorithm. Experiments using the Kakadu software (for JPEG 2000) show that the performance of the proposed framework degrades gracefully with increase in the number of descriptions lost.
LOSARTAN PRESERVES ERECTILE FUNCTION IN THE RAT AFTER BILATERAL CAVERNOUS NERVE INJURY VIA ANTIFIBROTIC MECHANISMS (2009)

You have accessJournal of Urology1 Apr 2009LOSARTAN PRESERVES ERECTILE FUNCTION IN THE RAT AFTER BILATERAL CAVERNOUS NERVE INJURY VIA ANTIFIBROTIC MECHANISMS Onder Canguven, Gwen Lagoda, Sena F Sezen, and Arthur L Burnett Onder CanguvenOnder Canguven More articles by this author , Gwen LagodaGwen Lagoda More articles by this author , Sena F SezenSena F Sezen More articles by this author , and Arthur L BurnettArthur L Burnett More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(09)60678-9AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "LOSARTAN PRESERVES ERECTILE FUNCTION IN THE RAT AFTER BILATERAL CAVERNOUS NERVE INJURY VIA ANTIFIBROTIC MECHANISMS." The Journal of Urology, 181(4S), pp. 238–239 © 2009 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 181Issue 4SApril 2009Page: 238-239 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2009 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Onder Canguven More articles by this author Gwen Lagoda More articles by this author Sena F Sezen More articles by this author Arthur L Burnett More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Maytansine-bearing antibody-drug conjugates induce in vitro hallmarks of immunogenic cell death selectively in antigen-positive target cells (2019)

Oncology treatment has been revolutionized by the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitor drugs, which enable 20-40% of patients to generate anti-tumor immune responses. Combination treatment approaches with chemotherapeutic drugs may enable responses in the remaining patient cohorts. In this regard, a handful of drugs are promising due to their ability to induce immunogenic cell death in target cells. However, these agents are systemically delivered and indiscriminately cytotoxic to proliferating cells. By contrast, antibody-drug conjugates can selectively deliver a cytotoxic payload to a tumor, sparing most healthy cells. The ability of antibody-drug conjugates to induce immunogenic cell death in target cells has not yet been determined, although preclinical in vivo studies suggest this possibility. Here, we describe for the first time production of the in vitro hallmarks of immunogenic cell death - ecto-calreticulin and secreted ATP and HMGB1 protein - by cells in response to treatment with antibody-drug conjugates bearing a maytansine payload.
CO<sub>2</sub>-in-Water Foam at Elevated Temperature and Salinity Stabilized with a Nonionic Surfactant with a High Degree of Ethoxylation (2014)

The utilization of nonionic surfactants for stabilization of CO2 foams has been limited by low aqueous solubilities at elevated temperatures and salinities. In this work, a nonionic surfactant C12–14(EO)22 with a high degree of ethoxylation resulted in a high cloud point temperature of 83 °C even in 90 g/L NaCl brine. Despite the relatively high hydrophilic–CO2-philic balance, the surfactant adsorption at the C–W interface lowered the interfacial tension to ∼7 mN/m at a CO2 density of ∼0.85 g/mL, as determined with captive bubble tensiometry. The adsorption was sufficient to stabilize a CO2-in-water (C/W) foam with an apparent viscosity of ∼7 cP at 80 °C, essentially up to the cloud point temperature, in the presence of 90 g/L NaCl brine in a 30 darcy sand pack. In a 1.2 darcy glass bead pack, the apparent viscosity of the foam in the presence of 0.8% total dissolved solids (TDS) brine reached the highest viscosity of ∼350 cP at 60% foam quality (volume percent CO2) at a low superficial velocity of 6 ft/day. Shear-thinning behavior was observed in both the glass bead pack and the sand pack irrespective of the permeability difference. In addition, C12–14(EO)22 stabilized C/W foam with an apparent viscosity of 80–100 cP in a 49 mdarcy dolomite core formed through a coinjection and a surfactant-alternating-gas process. The dodecane–0.8% TDS brine partition coefficient for C12–14(EO)22 was below 0.1 at 40 °C and 1 atm. The formation of strong foam in the porous media and the low oil–brine partition coefficient indicate C12–14(EO)22 has potential for CO2-enhanced oil recovery.