gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Treatment of recurrent genital herpes simplex infections with oral acyclovir. A controlled trial (1984)

Two hundred fifty patients were entered into a multicenter trial to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of orally administered acyclovir for treatment of recurrent genital herpes. The study consisted of part A, in which patients entered the study within 48 hours of the onset of lesions, and part B, in which patients self-initiated therapy as soon as possible after the onset of a recurrent episode. In both parts, patients received either acyclovir (200 mg) or placebo, five times daily for five days. In both parts, the duration of virus shedding and the time to crusting and healing of lesions were shorter among acyclovir recipients than among placebo recipients. In part B, fewer acyclovir recipients formed new lesions during the study medication period than did placebo recipients. When parts A and B were compared directly, the duration of virus shedding and the times required for crusting and healing of lesions were significantly shorter among acyclovir recipients in part B than among acyclovir recipients in part A. No significant differences in the duration of itching and pain or in the times of subsequent recurrence were noted between acyclovir and placebo groups in either part A or part B. No significant toxic or adverse reactions were seen in acyclovir recipients. Oral acyclovir shortens the duration of virus shedding and the duration of lesions in patients with recurrent genital herpes. These effects are more pronounced when therapy is self-initiated by patients early in the course of a recurrent episode. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;251:2103-2107)
Noninvasive Determination of Shear-Rate Distribution Across the Arterial Lumen (1995)

In vitro experiments have shown that the shear stress exerted by flowing blood on the endothelial surface affects the morphology of the vascular wall and the release of vasoactive substances and growth factors by that wall. It is believed that the caliber of a vessel adjusts to the local shear stress to maintain a specific value of the shear stress. The local shear stress follows from local shear rate by multiplying shear rate by the local blood viscosity. The present article describes a method in which ultrasound techniques are used to assess transcutaneously the time-dependent wall shear rate in vivo in arteries. This method is applied to the assessment of wall shear rate in the common carotid artery of volunteers, presumed to be healthy, in two age categories (young age group, 20 to 30 years old, n = 8; old age group, 60 to 70 years old, n = 6). Although the peak shear rate in the young age group is markedly higher than in the old age group, the mean shear rate averaged over a cardiac cycle has the same value of 210 s-1 for both groups, corroborating earlier observations that mean shear rate and, hence, mean shear stress are maintained at a particular value. Conversion of the observed shear rates to shear stresses, assuming a blood viscosity of 3.5 mPa.s for both age groups, gives shear stresses of approximately 0.7 Pa. This is a factor of two lower than the shear stresses estimated from the relation between volume flow and artery caliber (1.5 Pa).
A Study on Improvement of Wettability and Comfort in Contact lens with Hyaluronic acid (2011)

Purpose: To study the effect of hyaluronic acid(HA), which was widely used in artificial tears, multi-purpose solution(MPS), cosmetics, and drug acting on the musculo-skeletal system, in wettability and comfort of contact lens, we compared HA including lens(+HA) with HA excluding lens(-HA) by clinical evaluation. Methods: During four weeks, the selected 28 university student volunteers who did not have any eye disease wore +HA contact lens on their right eyes, and -HA contact lens on their left eyes, and then compared right eyes to left eyes as control. After prescribing by spherical equivalent calculation, over-refraction by auto-refractometer, and contact lens wearing for two weeks and four weeks, tear evaluation, the anterior of eyes examination, fitting convenience evaluation, surface wetting test, surveys were checked up. Results: Compared with the control group (-HA contact lens), +HA contact lens provided better wetting properties. The amount of released tear in -HA contact lens group became less in four weeks than before, but that in +HA contact lens group showed no significant difference from the initial one. In terms of the redness in eye, there was no significant difference between +HA and -HA contact lens groups. Fitting of +HA contact lens on eye was much easier than the control, -HA contact lens. From the results of survey, comfort, wettability, ease of cleaning, and dryness of eye in +HA contact lens group were generally better than those of -HA group, but redness and contact lens handling showed little difference. Conclusions: The addition of HA in soft contact lens(+HA) may enhance the wettability of lens during lens wearing, resulted in the better comfortable wearing of lens eventually.
A Java-based framework to support computer-assisted creation of structured XML documents (2002)

In the management of document-based information, the structure of the document itself is very important. In the XML world you can use a DTD (Document Type Definition) or XMLSchema to define that structure. But not everything can be described (and forced) through a DTD while XMLSchema is not yet widely supported. For our MENTOR project - a document-based university management system - we needed a tool to support the creation and storage of official-meeting transcripts. These documents are strongly structured, so strongly that in this case a simple DTD was not enough. We decided to build a custom tool to fulfill our need. In this article we show the different solutions we had to study to let users create XML documents with some considerations about the formalization level of each solution. Then we present and motivate our choice.
Animal-Derived Pharmaceutical Proteins (2009)

Abstract Livestock animals have made a significant contribution to human health and well-being throughout humankind's history. A significant contribution of farm animals to human health are the longstanding use of bovine and porcine for production of insulin (for treatment of diabetes), gelatin (for pharmaceutical and other purposes), as well as horse and sheep antibody against natural venoms, toxins, drugs and microbial peptides. Gelatin being the biggest animal protein consumed in human health, follows with antibodies fragments. The chronic problem of animal-derived therapeutics, especially those of high molecular weight, is the immunogenicity induction in addition to their biosafety. However, the invertebrates and lower vertebrates donate the human being a several crucial emergency saving life small-peptides or their analogs such as RefludanR, PrialtR, ExendinR. Not only, but the farm animals are enormously using as models for novel surgical strategies, testing of biodegradable implants and sources of tissue replacements, such as skin and heart valves. Recently, they are being harnessing as bioreactor for production of biopharmaceutical related products through gene farming with efficiency far greater than any conventional microbial or cell-culture production systems. Only 16 transgenic cows would be covering the worldwide needs from human growth hormone. The transgenic, especially animal, technology would be solving a several biopharmaceutical products disadvantages, such as cost, biosafety, immunogenicity and the availability dimensions.
Real-coded genetic algorithm for Bragg grating parameter synthesis (2001)

We propose to use a genetic algorithm to determine the physical parameters of Bragg gratings from their reflection spectra for both design purposes and fiber sensor applications. A real-coded genetic algorithm is used for inversion purposes, along with an F-matrix formalism for synthesis of uniform, chirped, and apodized gratings. An example of bandpass filter design is also studied. The method is easily applicable and shows promising results.
Analogical thinking: post-Enlightenment understanding in language, collaboration, and interpretation (2001)

Analogical argues that sometime around the turn of the twentieth century, a new mode of comprehension arose, supplementing received Enlightenment ideas concerning the nature of understanding and explanation. Focusing on the innovations of structural linguistics and its poststructural legacy, the individualism of Enlightenment knowledge and the collaborations of post-Enlightenment information, and practices of reading and interpretation across the arts and sciences, Analogical Thinking examines the ways in which analogical presentations of similarities respond to the experiences of twentieth-century culture.The book traces this mode of thinking in linguistics, collaborative intellectual work in the arts and sciences, and interpretations of literary and sacred texts, concluding with a reading of the concept of Enlightenment in a comparison of Descartes and Foucault. The book examines the poststructuralism of Derrida; the collaborations of information theory and modern science as opposed to the individualism of Adam Smith and others, and analogical interpretations of Yeats, Dinesen, the Bible, Dreiser, and Mailer. Its overall aim is to present an interdisciplinary examination of a particular kind of understanding that responds to the experiences of our time.Ronald Schleifer is Professor of English, University of Oklahoma. His books include Rhetoric and Death: The Language of Modernism and Postmodern Discourse Theory, Criticism and Culture; and Culture and Cognition: The Boundaries of Literary and Scientific Inquiry.
Protective Effect of Sasa borealis Leaf Extract on AAPH-Induced Oxidative Stress in LLC-PK1 Cells (2011)

This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of Sasa borealis leaf extract on 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced oxidative stress in LLC-PK1 cells (porcine kidney epithelial cells). The butanol fraction from Sasa borealis leaf extract (SBBF) was used in this study because it possessed strong antioxidant activity and high yield among fractions. Exposure of LLC-PK1 cells to 1 mM AAPH for 24 hr resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability, but SBBF treatment protected LLC-PK1 cells from AAPH-induced cell damage in a dose dependant manner. To determine the protective action of SBBF against AAPH-induced damage of LLC-PK1 cells, we measured the effects of SBBF on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes activities of AAPH treated cells as well as scavenging activities on superoxide anion radical and hydroxyl radical. SBBF had a protective effect against the AAPH-induced LLC-PK1 cellular damage and decreased lipid peroxidation and increased activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Furthermore, SBBF showed strong scavenging activity against superoxide anion radical. The IC<SUB>50</SUB> value of SBBF was 28.45±1.28 ㎍/mL for superoxide anion radical scavenging activity. The SBBF also had high hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (IC<SUB>50</SUB>=31.09±3.08 ㎍/mL). These results indicate that SBBF protects AAPH-induced LLCPK1 cells damage by inhibiting lipid peroxidation, increasing antioxidant enzyme activities and scavenging free radicals.
Extractable substances from plastic materials used in solution contact applications: an updated review. (2006)

This is an updated review related to the identification and/or accumulation of organic and inorganic extractable substances from di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)-plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyolefin, and various other plastic materials. The review considers the identification of such extractables, their reported levels in material extracts, and the strategic issues associated with investigations of extractables/leachables.
Interlaboratory surveys of the quantitation of thyroxin and thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone) in dried blood spot specimens. (1982)

Screening of newborns for hypothyroidism is mandated by law in most states. The screening usually consists of measuring thyroxin in dried blood spot specimens followed by measurement of thyrotropin if the results for thyroxin are suggestive of hypothyroidism. The first nationwide interlaboratory surveys designed to assess the proficiency of screening laboratories in the identification of euthyroid and hypothyroid specimens are reported here. Each survey consisted of three specimens mailed quarterly from late 1979 through 1980. A total of 88 laboratories participated in at least one of the four surveys. More than 17 different methods or diagnostic kits were used by participants in the surveys. Coefficients of variation ranged from 20% to 41% for thyroxin data and from 23% to 63% for thyrotropin. Despite the large analytical interlaboratory variation, most participants assigned clinical classifications consistent with the survey design. The incidence of mis-classifications was low.
Bemerkungen zu der Abhandlung der HH. Weselsky und Benedikt „Ueber einige Azoverbindungen” (1879)

Chininsulfat) in der fraglichen Lasung enthalten war.Vergleichshalher habe ich damals auch eine Aufltisung von Conchininsulfat in Chloroform in Bezug ihres Verhaltens zu diffusem Licht gepriift und gefiinden, dass dieselbe nach Verlauf von einigen Monaten eine iiusserst schwache, griine Fluorescenz angenommen hatte, also sich anders verhielt, als S c h aer's Losung.Ich habe nun rncine Liisung weiter beobachtet.Nach abernials vier Monaten
An audio information hiding scheme with high &#x2014; Rui Xu<sup>2</sup>, Xue-mei Li<sup>1</sup> capacity based on compressed sensing and psychoacoustic model (2014)

Audio information hiding is a technique, which is used to hide secret message into the audio flows. In this paper, an audio information hiding scheme with high-capacity is proposed, which uses both Compressed Sensing (CS) and psychoacoustic model algorithms for improving the capacity of hidden message and the auditory imperceptibility. The scheme first applies CS technology to compress the secret speech and reduce the embedded information bit rate, and then employs psychoacoustic model algorithm for determining embedding strength of secret information. The scheme takes advantages of DWT and synchronization signal of m-sequence to realize blind extraction. Experiments results show that this scheme not only has good imperceptibility robustness, but also has high-capacity and blind extraction.
A Navigation and Decision Making Architecture for Unmanned Ground Vehicles: Implementation and Results with the Raptor UGV (2007)

Abstract : Researchers at Defence R&D Canada- Suffield, under the Autonomous Land Systems (ALS) and Cohort projects, have been working to extend/enhance the capabilities of Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) beyond tele-operation. The goal is to create robotic platforms that are effective with minimal human supervision in outdoor environments. This report is a summary of the progress made in high level vehicle control, specifically the implementation and testing of algorithms providing point-to-point navigation and decision making capabilities for UGVs. To reach goals by traversing unknown terrain requires a number of navigation functions, including path tracking, obstacle avoidance, path planning and decision making modules. This report presents details of the theoretical underpinnings, the software design architecture, and results of implementing autonomous navigation and decision making software on a robotic platform, given competing priorities and limited sensing technologies.
Oviposition and Development of the Navel Orangeworm in Relation to Almond Maturation1 (1977)

Under orchard conditions, oviposition by Paramyelois transitella (Walker) begins on maturing almond fruit just prior to initiation of hull-split. After hull-split is complete, half the eggs are laid within the opened area on the inside of the hull or on the exposed shell, the rest on the outside of the hull. Moths preferentially oviposit on previously infested fruit, as compared with uninfested fruit. Infestation develops explosively after dehiscence begins. Most of the larvae hatching during the early stages of hull-split infest the nutmeat directly rather than feeding on the hull. Preventive treatments during this period should be applied before significant hull-split has taken place. Development of the navel orangeworm in new crop fruit in situ was followed by sampling 3 cohorts of dehiscing fruit artificially infested with eggs of a known age. By applying data developed on width of the larval head capsule to these populations, sampled in sequence, development was charted providing estimates of stadial length. First emergence from the new crop occurred in 29 days, in time to cause reinfestation. Fifty % emergence occurred in 42–45 days.
Rapid In Situ Assay for Indoleacetic Acid Production by Bacteria Immobilized on a Nitrocellulose Membrane (1991)

We have developed a new assay that differentiates between indoleacetic acid (IAA)-producing and -nonproducing bacteria on a colony plate lift. Medium supplemented with 5 mM L-tryptophan is inoculated with isolates of interest, overlaid with a nitrocellulose membrane, and then incubated until bacterial colonies reach 1 to 2 mm in diameter. The membrane is removed to a filter paper saturated with Salkowski reagent and incubated until distinct red haloes form around the colonies. The colorimetric reaction to IAA is limited to a region immediately surrounding each colony, is specific to isolates producing IAA, occurs within 1 h after the membrane is placed in the reagent, and is sensitive to as little as 50 pmol of IAA in a 2-mm spot. We have used this assay for quantifying epiphytic and endophytic populations of IAA-producing isolates of Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi and for detecting IAA-producing colonies of other pseudomonads and Erwinia herbicola. The assay provides a rapid and convenient method to screen large numbers of bacteria.
A software development environment to generate external interfaces for microcomputer-based expert systems (2002)

The authors address the problem faced by expert system developers who use microcomputer-based expert system shells requiring external interfaces to perform functions, such as communication, mathematical operations and file handling, that are not provided by the shells. A software development environment, the Data Resource Knowledge Acquisition and Retrieval Tool (DRKART), provides editing support, both for rules comprising an expert system's knowledge base and procedural code required for its external interface. It has a built-in communications subsystem and facilities for recording an expert's efforts in accessing and retrieving information from external data sources. The recorded efforts are stored as C functions in DRKART's relational database along with rule constructs required to call them from the knowledge base. These features enable DRKART to provide a simple but novel methodology for constructing microcomputer-based expert systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of acidic fibroblast growth factor and its fragment on MPTP-induced parkinsonian syndrome in young and old mice (1998)

Diuretics, when added to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) treatment, can augment the response to ACE inhibitors, but may have adverse effects on renal function, which negatively affect prognosis. While in heart failure rats combined therapy initially improved cardiac function and prognosis, this benefit was completely lost at later stages. We now studied renal effects of adding hydrochlorothiazide to ACE inhibitor after myocardial infarction in rats. Rats were randomized to ACE inhibitor quinapril monotherapy or quinapril with add-on hydrochlorothiazide. Survival was monitored for 14 months. Plasma creatinine, measured at 4 months, was increased by 40% in quinapril with add-on hydrochlorothiazide compared to quinapril. Although overall 14-months mortality was similar in quinapril with add-on hydrochlorothiazide and quinapril, stratification based on plasma creatinine showed increased mortality in the tertile with highest plasma creatinine (P = 0.03, Log rank). With add-on hydrochlorotiazide, renal morphology displayed severe renal interstitial lesions; tubular dilatation and fibrosis. Interstitial myofibroblast transformation (α-smooth muscle actine staining) was increased at 8 and 14 months, and coincided with collagen deposition and interstitial inflammation (macrophage influx). In rats with quinapril monotherapy or untreated rats, renal structure was normal. Thus, adding hydrochlorotiazide to ACE inhibitor detrimentally affected not only renal function, but also renal structure in rats with myocardial infarction. Altered pharmacokinetics, resulting from a vicious circle of reduced renal function and increased circulating drug levels, may provide an explanation for the adverse renal effects and may exert unfavorable effects on long-term prognosis after myocardial infarction.
Effect of Hyperthermia on CHO DNA Polymerases α and β (1982)

The heat sensitivity of polymerase ..beta.. (pol-..beta..) has been studied in a an attempt to assess the molecular lesions for heat killing and heat radiosensitization. Viable cells were heated, and then polymerase activity was determined in crude cell extracts by measuring the incorporation of (/sup 3/H) TMP into an exogenous, activated calf thymus DNA. The thermal inactivation of pol-..beta.. activity was shown to correlate with hyperthermic cell killing and radiosensitization. Pol-..beta.. activity decreased exponentially when cells were heated at temperatures of 43/sup o/C and above, and a 10-min 45.5/sup o/C heat shock reduced pol-..beta.. activity by 80%. Also, pol-..beta.. activity showed a 3-fold greater heat sensitivity than polymerase ..cap alpha.. (pol-..cap alpha..) activity at 43.5 and 45.5/sup o/C. When cells were heated at temperatures of 42.2-42.5/sup o/C, pol-..beta.. activity decreased, but as for cell killing, tollerance to any further treatment was observed after 2 hr of heating. Thermal tolerance also was observed as a decrease in the rage of pol-..beta.. inactivation at 45.5/sup o/C if cells were given either a preconditioning heat treatment at 42.2/sup o/C for 6 hr, or 45.5/sup o/C for 10 min followed by 24 hr at 37/sup o/C. Furthermore, when cells were heated at 42.2/sup o/Cmore » in the presence of 7 mM procaine-HCl, both cell killing and loss of pol-..beta.. activity were greatly enhanced. Finally, the return of pol-..beta.. activity after thermal treatment correlated with the decrease in radiosensitization as evidenced by an increase in survival as a treatment (10 min, 45.5/sup o/C) and subsequent X-ray treatment were separated by increasing amounts of time at 37/sup o/C. For example, during incubation at 37/sup o/C after heat treatment, pol-..beta.. activity and the logarithm of survival increased over 4-fold, while pol-..cap alpha.. activity increased only 1.4-fold to 75% of its control activity.« less
Traveltime tomography with a spatial-coherency filter (1993)

Abstract Spatially incoherent small wavelengths in a velocity tomogram are usually noise that could destablize an iterative traveltime tomographic process. By defining the number of connected cells of similar values in an image as the spatial-coherency (SC) value of these cells, an SC filtering is introduced in this paper to suppress incoherent features in an image. An SC filter first quantifies the SC value of all image cells and then conducts a discriminative moving-average over cells of low SC values. It is demonstrated that such an SC filtering of the intermediate-stage tomograms may enhance the robustness of the iterative tomographic process to noise. The SC values can be used in general to deconvolve an image of any dimension into components of different lengths in spatial connectivity.