gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Grieving and at the mercy of 'justice' (2005)

An overview of wrong judgements being passed in court trials regarding infant deaths in the UK due to flawed opinions of experts under the protection of secrecy and anonymity is presented. Opinion evidence is not admissible in English Courts, whose decisions and verdicts must be based on facts proven in the criminal Courts beyond the reasonable doubt. Paediatricians claim that up to forty percent of sudden infant deaths are murders diagnosed as cot deaths. It is suggested that the track record of each expert should be examined as to whether they have ever given evidence for prosecution or defence.
Effect of foliar application of plant growth regulators on storage behaviour of potato tubers (2010)

Present study was undertaken to find out the effect of growth regulators in storage of potatoes. The study was conducted during the years 2007–08 and 2008–09 at Central Potato Research Institute Campus, Modipuram, Meerut. The study involved three levels of each of GA3 (50, 100 and 150 ppm) and IAA (50, 100 and 150 ppm) and two doses of paclobutrazol (25 and 50 ppm) with a control treatment. Total 21 treatments of three plant growth regulators alone and in combination were tested in randomized block design (R.B.D.) with three relications. GA3 and IAA were applied through foliar spray at 45 DAP. While growth retardant (paclobutrazol) was applied at 70 DAP. The potatoes were harvested at 90 days and cured potato tubers were stored at room temperature. Observations on storage parameters, viz., sprout weight, rottage by weight and number basis and total weight losses were worked out. The application of GA3 and IAA increased the sprout weight and rottage tuber numbers (%) with increasing dose of both growth promoters when applied alone. Paclobutrazol had slightly depressing effect on sprout weight. The number of rottage tubers remained unchanged at PBZ 25 ppm while with application of 50 ppm PBZ, rottage tubers decreased (17.7%). In general, application of GA3 or IAA increased the rottage per cent (on weight basis) while PBZ decreased the weight loss because of rottage. The total weight losses of tubers (including weight losses due to rottage, sprouting and dryage) increased significantly with the application of GA3 and IAA over control during both the years. Among two growth promoters tried, GA3 caused more weight loss than IAA. Unlike growth promoters, the application of growth retardant (PBZ) had depressing effect on total weight losses with increase in its concentration. The study demonstrated that application of growth regulators can be exploited to manipulated storage behaviour of potatoes.
Shake table tests and analytical simulations of a steel structure with shape memory alloy dampers (2014)

This study uses the pseudoelastic properties of Ni–Ti shape memory alloy wires for attenuation of the seismic response of a steel structure and evaluates its effectiveness and applicability in seismic response control. In this paper, shake table tests, carried out on a model of a steel structure with and without wire-based shape memory alloy dampers, are discussed in detail. Shake table tests, comprised of free vibration tests and spectrum compatible time history tests, were carried out. The former were used for the evaluation of the frequency and damping, and the later were used to prove the efficacy of the shape memory alloy dampers. Further analytical simulations are carried out using detailed time history analysis utilizing a thermomechanical model of an SMA and taking into account the residual martensite accumulation, which is irreversibly due to cyclic forward/reverse martensitic transformation. Moreover, a simple iterative response spectrum (IRS) method with equivalent damping and stiffness is also used to evaluate the response of the structure with SMA dampers, and it is proved that the method can be conservatively used by designers.
The Optimal Time to File for Social Security Benefits (1998)

Under current Social Security rules, a newly retired worker can affect the age structure of benefits that he or she will receive by choosing when to file for a claim for benefits: the longer the claim is deferred, the greater the monthly benefit will be. This article examines the alternatives available to individuals and presents a life cycle model of retirement planning that determines the optimal time to file for benefits. The model is applied with the Social Security rules for 1998 and with an idealized system in which all adjustments to benefits are actuarially fair. It is shown that in many cases individuals will choose to file for benefits several years after retirement instead of immediately. The gain achieved by doing this can be substantial.
An 1.61mW mixed-signal column processor for BRISK feature extraction in CMOS image sensor (2014)

In mobile object recognition (OR) applications, the power consumption of image sensor and data communication between image sensor and digital OR processor becomes crucial as digital OR processor consumes less power in deep sub-micron process. To reduce the amount of data transaction from image sensor to digital OR processor, digital/analog mixed-signal focal-plane processing of Binary Robust Invariant Scalable Keypoints (BRISK) feature extraction in CMOS image sensor (CIS) is proposed. The proposed CIS processor sends BRISK feature vectors instead of the whole image pixel data, resulting in 79% reduction of data communication. In this work, mixed-signal processing of corner detection and successive approximation register (SAR)-based scoring are implemented for BRISK feature point detection. To achieve scale-invariance in object recognition, scale-space is generated and stored in analog line memory. In addition, noise reduction scheme is integrated in column processing chain to remove salt and pepper noise, which degrades recognition accuracy. In a post layout simulation, the proposed system achieves 0.70pW/pixel*frame*feature at 30fps in a 130nm CMOS technology, which is 13.6% lower than the state-of-the-art.
The C2 domains of the class I Rab11 family of interacting proteins target recycling vesicles to the plasma membrane (2004)

The Rab11 family of interacting proteins (Rab11-FIP) is a recently identified protein family composed of, to date, six members that interact with Rab11. They all share a highly homologous Rab11-binding domain (RBD) at their C-termini. However, apart from the RBD, they vary in their domain organization. Rab11-FIP3 and Rab11-FIP4 possess an ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) domain in their C-terminal half and EF hands in their N-terminal region. They have been termed class II Rab11-FIPs. The class I Rab11-FIPs, Rab coupling protein (RCP), Rip11 and Rab11-FIP2, each have a C2 phospholipid-binding domain near their N-termini. Although they are still membrane associated, truncation mutants of the class I Rab11-FIPs that lack their C2 domains display an altered subcellular distribution in vivo, indicating that this domain plays an important role in specifying their correct intracellular localization. To determine the phospholipids to which they bind, a protein phospholipid overlay assay was performed. Our results indicate that the class-I Rab11-FIPs bind preferentially to phosphatidylinositol-(3,4,5)-trisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)P3] and the second messenger phosphatidic acid. Stimulation of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 or phosphatidic acid synthesis results in the translocation of the Rab11-FIPs from a perinuclear location to the periphery of the cell. By contrast, the transferrin receptor does not translocate to the plasma membrane under these conditions. This translocation is dependent on the presence of the C2 domain, because class I Rab11-FIP green-fluorescent-protein fusions that lack the C2 domain cannot translocate to the plasma membrane. We propose that the C2 domains of the class I Rab11-FIPs function to target these proteins to 'docking sites' in the plasma membrane that are enriched in PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and phosphatidic acid.
Performance aspects of switched SCI systems (2002)

The Scalable Coherent Interface (SCI) defines a high-speed interconnect that provides a coherent distributed shared memory system. With the use of switches separate rings can be connected to form large topology-independent configurations. It has been realized that congestion in SCI systems generates additional retry traffic which reduces the available communication bandwidth. This paper investigates additional flow control mechanisms for overloaded switches. They are based on a supplementary retry delay and show a significant throughput gain. Furthermore two different management schemes for the output buffers are investigated. Computer simulations are used to compare the models and to determine system parameters.
An efficient direct mapped instruction cache for application-specific embedded systems (2005)

Caches may consume half of a microprocessor's total power and cache misses incur accessing off-chip memory, which is both time consuming and energy costly. Therefore, minimizing cache power consumption and reducing cache misses are important to reduce total energy consumption of embedded systems. Direct mapped caches consume much less power than that of same sized set associative caches but with a poor hit rate on average. Through experiments, we observe that memory space of direct mapped instruction caches is not used efficiently in most embedded applications. We design an efficient cache - a configurable instruction cache that can be tuned to utilize the cache sets efficiently for a particular application such that cache memory is exploited more efficiently by index remapping. Experiments on 11 benchmarks drawn from Mediabench show that the efficient cache achieves almost the same miss rate as a conventional two-way set associative cache on average and with total memory-access energy savings of 30% compared with a conventional two-way set associative cache.
Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) – techno-economic analysis of LOHCs in a defined process chain (2018)

LOHC storage and transport concept (H<sub>0</sub>LOHC: unloaded LOHC, H<sub>n</sub>LOHC: loaded LOHC).
The next wave of innovation—Review of smart cities intelligent operation systems (2016)

The use of new technologies in business models and infrastructure has been driven in part by the Internet and globalization. The next trend of innovations is likely to come from humans' ability to connect to machines and the data that comes from these connections. The IBM Intelligent Operation Center (IOC) is a “system of systems” that is not intended to replace an existing physical infrastructure that gathers raw data. Instead, it is intended to extract only the data necessary to optimize the operations of the organization. The types of data and integration into the IOC make efficient problem solving solutions readily available to city authorities. The user interface and standard operating procedure and the resource processing capabilities of the IOC indicate that this system is optimal for smart cities of the future with regard to improvement of quality of life and ease of navigation. The need for smart cities, universities, campuses, citizens, and students to drive growth of urban and regional economies is evident. In this article, a thorough analysis of the architectural design of an intelligent operational system is completed to present a smart solution for cities to unify departments and agencies under one umbrella.
Determination of melatonin content in traditional Thai herbal remedies used as sleeping aids (2014)

Melatonin was found in six of the seven herbs in the traditional Thai sleeping recipe. One of these, P. nigrum, exhibited an encouragingly high amount of melatonin.
Paving the Way to Novel Phosphorus‐Based Architectures: A Noncatalyzed Protocol to Access Six‐Membered Heterocycles (2015)

Phosphorus-based heterocycles provide access to materials with properties that are inaccessible from all-carbon architectures. The unique hybridization of phosphorus gives rise to electron-accepting capacities, a large variety of coordination reactions, and the possibility of controlling the electronic properties through phosphorus postfunctionalization. Herein, we describe a new noncatalyzed synthetic protocol to prepare fused six-membered phosphorus heterocycles. In particular, we report the synthesis of novel phosphaphenalenes. These fused systems exhibit the benefits of both five- and six-membered phosphorus heterocycles and enable a series of versatile postfunctionalization reactions. This work thus opens up new horizons in the field of conjugated materials.
Acute Effect of Caffeine on Amplitude of Accommodation and Near Point of Convergence (2008)

Caffeine is widely consumed in kola nuts and in other products in Sub-Saharan Africa. We examined the acute effect of caffeine on the amplitude of accommodation and near point of convergence of healthy Nigerians. Forty volunteers between ages of 20 and 27 years with refractive power± 0.50 DS were employed. Amplitude of accommodation (AMP) and Near point of convergence (NPC) were measured at 0, 30, 60 and 90 minutes after the ingestion of coffee by two groups of participants, namely the experimental (caffeinated coffee) and control (decaffeinated coffee) groups. The result showed that ingested caffeine increases mean AMP by almost 2.00D within 30 minutes, and the elevation, though variable across patients is sustained for several minutes. The NPC and AMP in the decaffeinated coffee was statically insignificant (P>0.05) within the 0-90minutes of ingestion. However, there was a significant increase in the AMP of the experimental group (P< 0.05). The result suggests that further studies would be most desirable with the older and larger population. Keywords: Caffeine, amplitude of accommodation, near point of convergenceWest African Journal of Pharmacology and Drug Research Vol. 22/23 2007: pp. 27-30
Improving accuracy and cost of two-class and multi-class probabilistic classifiers using ROC curves (2003)

The probability estimates of a naive Bayes classifier are inaccurate if some of its underlying independence assumptions are violated. The decision criterion for using these estimates for classification therefore has to be learned from the data. This
Cellular invasion into matrix beads: Localization of fa integrins and fibronectin to the invadopodia (1991)

We have examined the contribution of adhesion mechanisms to cell invasiveness by growing chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) or Rous sarcoma virus-transformed cells (RSVCEF) on fibronectin-coated crosslinked gelatin beads (FN-beads). RSVCEF attached more readily and spread more rapidly on FN-beads than CEF, suggesting an increase in the adhesion-related motility of the transformed cells. In addition, RSVCEF invaded the FN-beads, but CEF did not, by extending specialized cell surface protrusions called invadopodia at sites of cell invasion. FN removal by RSVCEF cultured on prelabeled fluorescent FN-beads (FL-FN) was evident at sites of invadopodia, and internalized FL-FN occurred in vacuoles near the ventral membrane of cells at sites of FN removal. The precise distribution of FN and integrins in cells invading FN-beads was determined by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy of frozen thin-sections. In both CEF and RSVCEF, beta 1 integrins and FN occupied separate intracellular compartments during the early stage of spreading on FN-beads. Later, beta 1 integrins were largely localized at the ventral cell surface of both CEF and RSVCEF. Polyclonal anti-integrin antibody recognizing beta 1 and several alpha chains, however, labeled both ventral and dorsal cell surfaces. During invasion by RSVCEF, beta 1 integrins were concentrated at extended invadopodia and also colocalized with internalized FL-FN material in phagocytic vesicles. Furthermore, secreted FN was deposited by RSVCEF at the base of invadopodia colocalizing with beta 1 integrin. Both FL-FN matrix removal and formation of the invadopodia were found to be resistant to treatment with GRGDS at concentrations that inhibit the interaction between cells and FN-beads. Thus, the localization of beta 1 integrins to the plasma membrane contacting immobilized FN results in an extremely tight cellular adherence to the matrix bead, that stabilizes invadopodia and also mediates endocytic clearance of degraded FN-matrix material.
Synthesis of 3-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-methyl[1]benzoxepins by ring-closure of isoprenyl terminal epoxides (1980)

Terminal olefins (13), obtained from reactions oftertiary chlorides (10) with triphenylmethyl-lithium, were converted into epoxides (14); base-induced ring-closure of the latter gave 2-hydroxymethyl-2-methylchromans (15) and 3-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-methyl[1]benzoxepins (17). Dehydration of the tetrahydrobenzoxepin (17a) furnished dihydro[1] benzoxepins.
Reservoir and Stimulation Analysis of a Devonian Shale Gas Field (1989)

Summary This paper presents a study of a shallow, low-productivity Devonian shale gas field consisting of 48 wells in Mason County, WV. Gas production from wells in the field was found to be associated with zones of substantial free-gas porosity in the presence of high kerogen (organic) content. Most wells are poor producers; the best wells are located in the northwest portion of the field, which corresponds to an area of natural fracturing identified by remote sensing imagery. We identified and mapped quality reservoir areas and predicted performance for all wells in the field. The stimulation treatments conducted on all wells in the field successfully initiated gas production from the shales, but these treatments generally failed to achieve the degree of stimulation expected from such jobs.
Preliminary investigation of the pharmacology of the human internal anal sphincter (1969)

The smooth muscle from the human internal anal sphincter has been investigated pharmacologically in vitro. The upper and lower parts of the sphincter responded to catecholamines in a similar manner. Noradrenaline caused contraction which could be antagonized by phenoxybenzamine. After phenoxybenzamine, noradrenaline caused relaxation which could be blocked by pronethalol. Isoprenaline caused relaxation which could be specifically prevented by pronethalol. Adrenaline was variable in its effect: low concentrations caused relaxation and high concentrations caused contraction. It is suggested that the anal smooth muscle contains alpha-adrenergic receptors subserving contraction and beta-receptors subserving relaxation. The lower part of the sphincter was generally insensitive to acetylcholine and nicotine whereas the upper part of the sphincter contracted with acetylcholine and regularly relaxed with nicotine. The nicotine response was antagonized by hexamethonium, procaine, and pronethalol. It is suggested that nicotine stimulated some part of the nervous mechanism in the upper part of the sphincter and that a catecholamine was the mediator of the inhibitory response.
Spike annealing of silicon wafers using millimeter-wave power (2002)

The millimeter-wave heating has a potential to be an alternative RTP technique for the processing of large-size wafers. Results of experiments performed on a gyrotron system at a frequency of 30 GHz have demonstrated feasibility of the spike annealing of the 3" wafers. The ramp-up rate of 110/spl deg/C/s and cooling rate of 165/spl deg/C/s have been achieved in the cold-wall cavity of the system at an input power of 4.5 kW Experimental results are used to derive the effective emissivity and microwave absorptivity of Si wafers. The model for microwave heating of wafers in an untuned supermultimode cavity is developed. The ray tracing analysis is used in the model to simulate the microwave intensity distribution in the cavity. The model is used to calculate the power needed to spike anneal 200 mm and 300 mm diameter Si wafers. The temperature non-uniformity over the wafers is estimated, and the method for the control over the temperature distribution is discussed.
Immunochemical studies of conformational alterations in bone .gamma.-carboxyglutamic acid containing protein (1984)

The Ca2+-dependent transition of the vitamin K dependent bone protein bone Gla-containing protein (BGP) was investigated by use of anti-BGP antibody that reacts with the Ca2+-dependent conformation of BGP. Antibody binding occurred in the presence of Ca2+ or Mg2+ with a Kd(app) of 1.75 mM for Ca2+. Upon removal of Ca2+ with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, antibody binding was eliminated. Upon thermal acid decarboxylation of BGP, Ca2+-independent binding of the antibody was restored. Thus, the epitope not expressed by fully carboxylated BGP in the absence of calcium ion was restored either by addition of Ca2+ or by decarboxylation of the protein. Circular dichroic studies of fully carboxylated and fully decarboxylated BGP indicated that addition of Ca2+ to the fully carboxylated protein or decarboxylation to produce the glutamic acid containing equivalent of BGP resulted in increased order structure (apparent alpha-helix) in the protein, and this alteration was coincident with antibody binding. These data suggest that carboxylation of this vitamin K dependent protein may lead to increased disorder in the protein as compared to the glutamic acid containing equivalent. Upon Ca2+ binding a structure more equivalent to the Glu-containing protein is obtained.
Kwashiorkor in Africa. (1952)

This report is the result of a recommendation made by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Nutrition at its first session in Geneva in October 1949. The relevant passage in the committees report reads as follows: One of the most widespread nutritional disorders in tropical and subtropical areas is a syndrome at present ill-defined known by various names such as kwashiorkor malignant malnutrition polydeficiency disease mbuaki syndrome depigmentation-oedeme infantile pellagra etc. The committee is satisfied that this condition is not identical with classical pellagra and suggests that the name infantile pellagra should not be used for this syndrome. It appears that the highest incidence of the disease occurs in infants and young children and that the mortality-rates in some parts of Africa are disturbingly high. There is considerable evidence to suggest that this syndrome is associated with the development of cirrhotic changes in the livers of many individuals who survive the acute forms of the disease. Cirrhosis of the liver in some form has been found in a significant number of adults in some parts of Africa and central America where kwashiorkor occurs in infants and children. The possible relationship of this cirrhosis to the development of primary carcinoma of the liver a not uncommon condition in some of these areas must also be recognized. (excerpt)
Macitentan in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Focus on Combination Therapy in the SERAPHIN Trial (2017)

NCT00660179.