gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Warbling Vireo from Hidalgo (1940)

FIVE members of the subgenus Vireosylva Bonaparte that have at one time or another been considered full species (namely gilvus of Vieillot, Baird's swainsonii, Lafresnaye's leucophrys, Sclater's josephae, and amauronotus of Salvin and Godman) are now thought to be conspecific (see in particular, Ridgway, Amer. Journ. Sci., (3) 4: 456, 1872, and Hellmayr, 'Cat. Birds of the Americas,' Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., zool. ser., 13: no. 347, 152, footnote, 1935). They are alike in being dull in general appearance and in having no striking markings such as wing bars, sharply defined superciliary line, eye ring, or mystacial streaking. Their habits apparently are similar. Their breeding ranges do not, so far as we know, overlap. Since Vieillot's name gilvus antedates the four others, the group may properly be called the Warbling Vireos. The several races of the Warbling Vireo fall into two general groups, however-a gilvus group, with gray or grayish-olive upper parts and white under parts; and a leucophrys group, with brown or brownish-olive upper parts and yellow under parts. In color, as well as on geographical grounds, amauronotus of Mexico (with the white under parts of gilvus and the brown upper parts of leucophrys) might be thought to represent a third, and intermediate group. At any rate, when placed side by side, the races gilvus, swainsonii, brewsteri, connectens, amauronotus, strenuus, chiriquensis (including Ridgway's costaricensis), mirandae, leucophrys, josephae, and laetissimus lead from one more or less directly to another without abrupt break. However, the extreme in white-breastedness is not found in the most northward-ranging races, gilvus and swainsonii of the United States and southern Canada, any more than the extreme in yellow-breastedness is to be found in the most southward-ranging race, laetissimus of Bolivia. We have not examined V. g. leucopolia Oberholser, named from the Warner Mountains of Oregon, but it is said to be close to swainsonii. In the mountains of Hidalgo lives an undescribed form that, like connectens of Guerrero, falls between or connects amauronotus and the 'gilvus group'. It is grayish brown on the aown, grayish brown (of a lighter shade than the crown) on the back, and has little more than a trace of yellow on the under parts. This bird we propose to call
An introduction to the method of sweeping presumptions for modeling nonmonotonic reasoning (2002)

Reasoning almost always occurs in the face of incomplete information. Such reasoning is nonmonotonic in the sense that conclusions drawn may later be withdrawn when additional information is obtained. This paper introduces a new method, called sweeping presumptions, for modeling nonmonotonic reasoning. The main goal of the paper is to provide an example-driven, non-technical introduction to the method of sweeping presumptions, and thereby to make it plausible that sweeping presumptions can usefully be applied to the problems of nonmonotonic reasoning. The paper discusses a representative sample of examples that have appeared in the literature on non monotonic reasoning, and discusses them from the point of view of sweeping presumptions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
SETUP FOR SIMULTANEOUS MICROWAVE HEATING AND REAL-TIME SPECTROFLUOROMETRIC MEASUREMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS (2014)

In this paper, a delivery system allowing simultaneous microwave heating and real-time spectrofluorometric measurements in biological systems is proposed and characterized. This system is used to investigate the phase behavior of lipid bilayers from about 15 C to 45 C. The delivery system is based on an open transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cell combined with a spectrofluorometer via an optical cable system. A numerical and experimental dosimetry of the delivery system is conducted. The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) efficiency of the system is 26.1 2.1 W/kg/W. Spectrofluorometric measurements on Laurdan labeled small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) are carried out. Generalized polarization (GP) of the SUV's membrane is obtained from the fluorescence intensities measured at two emission wavelengths.
Online movement adaptation based on previous sensor experiences (2011)

Personal robots can only become widespread if they are capable of safely operating among humans. In uncertain and highly dynamic environments such as human households, robots need to be able to instantly adapt their behavior to unforseen events. In this paper, we propose a general framework to achieve very contact-reactive motions for robotic grasping and manipulation. Associating stereotypical movements to particular tasks enables our system to use previous sensor experiences as a predictive model for subsequent task executions. We use dynamical systems, named Dynamic Movement Primitives (DMPs), to learn goal-directed behaviors from demonstration. We exploit their dynamic properties by coupling them with the measured and predicted sensor traces. This feedback loop allows for online adaptation of the movement plan. Our system can create a rich set of possible motions that account for external perturbations and perception uncertainty to generate truly robust behaviors. As an example, we present an application to grasping with the WAM robot arm.
Direct mixture analysis of surfactants by combined field desorption/collisionally activated dissociation mass spectrometry with simultaneous ion detection (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect mixture analysis of surfactants by combined field desorption/collisionally activated dissociation mass spectrometry with simultaneous ion detectionRaymund. Weber, Karsten. Levsen, G. J. Louter, A. J. H. Boerboom, and Johan. HaverkampCite this: Anal. Chem. 1982, 54, 9, 1458–1466Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00246a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00246a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views117Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Non-muscle myosin heavy chain 9 gene MYH9 associations in African Americans with clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus-associated ESRD (2009)

Genetic dissection of T2DM-associated ESRD reveals that MYH9 underlies a portion of this clinically diagnosed disorder in African Americans. It is likely that a subset of African Americans with T2DM and coincident nephropathy have primary MYH9-related kidney disease (e.g. FSGS or global glomerulosclerosis), although renal biopsy studies need to be performed.
Protoporphyrin <scp>IX</scp>–β‐Cyclodextrin Bimodal Conjugate: Nanosized Drug Transporter and Potent Phototoxin (2013)

Topical or systemic administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and its esters results in increased production and accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in cancerous lesions allowing effective application of photodynamic therapy (PDT). The large concentrations of exogenous ALA practically required to bypass the negative feedback control exerted by heme on enzymatic ALA synthesis and the strong dimerization propensity of ALA are shortcomings of the otherwise attractive PpIX biosynthesis. To circumvent these limitations and possibly enhance the phototoxicity of PpIX by adjuvant chemotherapy, covalent bonding of PpIX with a drug carrier, β-cyclodextrin (βCD) was implemented. The resulting PpIX + βCD product had both carboxylic termini of PpIX connected to the CD. PpIX + βCD was water soluble, was found to preferentially localize in mitochondria rather than in lysosomes both in MCF7 and DU145 cell lines while its phototoxiciy was comparable to that of PpIX. Moreover, PpIX + βCD effectively solubilized the breast cancer drug tamoxifen metabolite N-desmethyltamoxifen (NDMTAM) in water. The PpIX + βCD/NDMTAM complex was readily internalized by both cell lines employed. Furthermore, the multimodal action of PpIX + βCD was demonstrated in MCF7 cells: while it retains the phototoxic profile of PpIX and its fluorescence for imaging purposes, PpIX + βCD can efficiently transport tamoxifen citrate intracellularly and confer cell death through a synergy of photo- and chemotoxicity.
Growth and characterization of light emitting ZnS/GaN heterostructures (1997)

Heterostructures involving ZnS/GaN show promise for the injection of holes from p-GaN into n-ZnS. Utilizing knowledge obtained from ZnS phosphor technology, this combination could result in a new type of multi-color electroluminescent display. Further, this combination provides a very interesting interface. Both ZnS and GaN are very ionic materials. Hence, it is desirable that the interface will be relatively benign, and that charge injection can occur despite the large lattice mismatch and resulting misfit defects that form near the interface. The highly lattice mismatched structures ZnS/GaN and ZnS/Al2O3 were grown by molecular beam epitaxy using elemental sources. Growth rates of up to 0.4 μm ph were observed for the lower growth temperatures, with rapidly diminishing rates for temperatures above 350 °C. The GaN substrate consisted of a 3 μm epilayer grown on sapphire (0001) by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Reflection high energy electron diffraction observations indicate that the zincblende ZnS layers commonly contain (111) twins, although films with no visible twin spots could be grown at a high substrate temperature. The sulfide layers were characterized using photoluminescence, x-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-ray peaks typically had widths of 400 arcsec for ω/2θ scans, and somewhat worse for ω scans, indicating mosaic tilt. Photoluminescence spectra of the ZnS films doped with Ag and Al demonstrated the characteristic blue transition near 440 nm. SEM electron channeling patterns indicated that the ZnS films lie at a 30° rotated orientation to the Al2O3 (0001) substrate, as does GaN. p-GaN/n-ZnS devices were fabricated using standard photolithography techniques. The current voltage characteristics are reported and preliminary electroluminescence results are discussed for this heterojunction system.
Mesomorphic Esters of 4-Alkyl(aryl)cyclohexenecarboxylic Acids. Synthesis and Properties (2015)

C 4-() ,
A SMART ARCHITECTURE FOR LOW-LEVEL IMAGE COMPUTING (2008)

This paper presents a comparison relating two different vision system architectures. The first one involves a smart sensor including analog processors allowing on-chip image processing. An external microprocessor is used to control the on-chip dataflow and integrated operators. The second system implements a logarithmic CMOS/APS sensor interfaced to the same microprocessor, in which all computations are carried out. We have designed two vision systems as proof-of-concept. The comparison is related to image processing time. Results reveal that one of the solutions to resolve the computational complexity of computer vision algorithms is to perform some low-level image processing on the sensor focal plane. This concept makes the vision systems more compact as a system on chip and increases performance thanks to the reduction of dataflow exchanges, with external circuits, and power consumption.
LOCALIZATION OF ACTION OF THE IS<i>50</i>-ENCODED TRANSPOSASE PROTEIN (1986)

The movement of the bacterial insertion sequence IS50 and of composite elements containing direct terminal repeats of IS50 involves the two ends of IS50, designated O (outside) and I (inside), which are weakly matched in DNA sequence, and an IS50 encoded protein, transposase, which recognizes the O and I ends and acts preferentially in cis. Previous data had suggested that, initially, transposase interacts preferentially with the O end sequence and then, in a second step, with either an O or an I end. To better understand the cis action of transposase and how IS50 ends are selected, we generated a series of composite transposons which contain direct repeats of IS50 elements. In each transposon, one IS50 element encoded transposase (tnp+), and the other contained a null (tnp-) allele. In each of the five sets of composite transposons studied, the transposon for which the tnp+ IS50 element contained its O end was more active than a complementary transposon for which the tnp- IS50 element contained its O end. This pattern of O end use suggests models in which the cis action of transposase and its choice of ends is determined by protein tracking along DNA molecules.
Environmental testing under load (1981)

Inexpensive fixture applies compression loads to specimens exposed to environment. Fixture handles relatively large specimens suitable for postexposure analysis of physical, chemical, and mechanical properties.
Dealing with large and volatile capital flows and the role of the IMF (2016)

The last decade has been characterised by the pronounced volatility of capital flows. While cross-border capital flows can have many benefits for both advanced and emerging market economies, they may also carry risks, which require appropriate policy responses. Disentangling the push from the pull factors driving capital flows is key to designing appropriate policies to deal with them. Strong institutions, sound fundamentals and a large domestic investor base tend to shield economies from adverse global conditions and attract less volatile types of capital. However, when the policy space for using traditional macroeconomic policies is limited, countries may also turn to macroprudential and capital flow management policies in a pragmatic manner. The IMF can play an important role in helping countries to deal with capital flows, through its surveillance and lending policy and through international cooperation.
Novel and Convenient Synthesis of 1,4-Dihydropyridazines and Pyridazines from Aminocarbonylazoalkenes (2000)

1-Unsubstituted 1,4-dihydropyridazines have been obtained in good to excellent yields by reaction of aminocarbonylazoalkenes with β-tricarbonyl compounds under mild conditions. Treatment at room temperature of 1-unsubstituted 1,4-dihydropyridazines with phenyltrimethylammonium tribromide directly afforded the relevant pyridazine derivatives in high yield.
Wash-free RNA FISH Using a Photoresponsive Beacon Probe via Photochemical Crosslinking (2017)

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a powerful tool to visualize nucleic acids in a sequence specific manner, although its sensitivity is dependent on wash procedures. In this study, we demonstrated wash-free RNA FISH using a photocrosslinkable beacon probe containing 3-cyanovinylcarbazole (CNVK). The probe visualized the 16S rRNA in E. coli by photoirradiation without any wash procedure. Moreover, this probe has high affinity to the target strand and can successfully detect RNA with a secondary structure.
The Effect of Different Reduction Methods on Conductivity of Reduced-Graphene Oxide (r-GO) (2015)

Large quantity of graphene oxide (GO) was prepared by Modified Hummer’s method, in which graphite was treated with a mixture of sulphuric acid, potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide. A chemically reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) was prepared using sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 ), followed by thermal treatment and thermal treatment of chemically reduce using NaBH 4 . The electrical resistance of r-GO was measured using Keithley sourcemeter. The results revealed that r-GO show lower resistance on thermal reduction which is 2.39 kΩ compared to chemical reduction and thermal of NaBH 4 reduction which is 2.18 MΩ and 3.16 kΩ respectively. It can be concluded that thermal reduction is the best method to produce high conductivity r-GO film.
Three Dimensional Dynamic Model Based Wind Field Reconstruction from Lidar Data (2014)

Using the inflowing horizontal and vertical wind shears for individual pitch controller is a promising method if blade bending measurements are not available. Due to the limited information provided by a lidar system the reconstruction of shears in real-time is a challenging task especially for the horizontal shear in the presence of changing wind direction. The internal model principle has shown to be a promising approach to estimate the shears and directions in 10 minutes averages with real measurement data. The static model based wind vector field reconstruction is extended in this work taking into account a dynamic reconstruction model based on Taylor's Frozen Turbulence Hypothesis. The presented method provides time series over several seconds of the wind speed, shears and direction, which can be directly used in advanced optimal preview control. Therefore, this work is an important step towards the application of preview individual blade pitch control under realistic wind conditions.
Structure analysis of Ni thin films epitaxially grown on bcc metal underlayers formed on MgO(100) substrates (2013)

Ni thin films are prepared on Cr, V, and Nb underlayers with bcc structure formed on MgO(100) single-crystal substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. The growth behavior and the crystallographic properties are investigated by in-situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction and pole-figure X-ray diffraction. Cr(100) and V(100) single-crystal underlayers grow epitaxially on the substrates, whereas an Nb epitaxial_underlayer consisting of two bcc(110) variants is formed on the MgO(100) substrate. Metastable crystals nucleate on the Cr and the V underlayers, where the metastable hcp structure is stabilized through heteroepitaxial growth. With increasing the film thickness, the hcp structure starts to transform into more stable fcc structure by atomic displacement parallel to the hcp(0001) close-packed plane. The resulting films are consisting of mixtures of hcp and fcc crystals. On the other hand, only the formation of fcc crystal is recognized for the Ni film grown on Nb(110) underlayer.
Mechanical Properties of Skin in Ehlers‐Danlos Syndrome, Types I, II, and III (1996)

Mechanical properties of skin were evaluated in vivo in 17 children suffering from Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) types I, II, and III. These were compared with normal values from 63 healthy children. Noninvasive measurements were performed under suction of 500 mbar using a Cutometer equipped with a 4-mm probe. Prominent increases in skin extensibility and elasticity were the most distinctive and diagnostic features of all three EDS types. Differences in the average values of biomechanical variables were present among the three types. Patients with EDS-I were the most affected, whereas those with EDS-III had virtually normal skin. However, interindividual differences in the severity of rheological alterations were found within each type, illustrating a continuum in the variation of mechanical properties of EDS skin rather than yielding step differences among the types.
Hysteretic electro-optic response in ferroelectric thin films (2005)

A model is developed to explain the hysteretic electric field dependence of the electrooptic coefficient in ferroelectric thin films. The reversible electric polarization and the tunable dielectric susceptibility of the ferroelectric thin film are proposed to explain the hysteretic ρ-E (electrooptic coefficient- applied electric field) loop. An empirical model used in ferroelectric capacitors to predict the high frequency C-V curve is utilized here to find the field dependence of the nonlinear susceptibility. The tunable susceptibility can also explain the peaked characteristics of the ρ-E loop. We also show that the linear electrooptic effect in ferroelectric thin films could produce the pseudo-quadratic electrooptic effect on field-induced birefringence as a result of the switchable spontaneous polarization of ferroelectrics. Thus, a careful interpretation of the field-induced birefringence is required to avoid misleading conclusions. This model provides a fundamental understanding to the tunability of the electrooptic coefficient and is useful for the electrooptic characterization of the ferroelectric thin films.
On the structural response of falling rock protection kits (2011)

A numerical strategy is developed to investigate the dynamic behaviour of falling rock protection barriers, metallic structures widely used as passive measures against rock fall. The modelling procedure is validated on a series of full scale impact tests carried out onto different barrier prototypes. Three numerical models were developed and analyses were carried out at various levels of impact kinetic energy. The paper presents some essential details of the numerical\nstrategy as well as the main results, discussed with special emphasis to their relevance towards design.
Mutations in the mitochondrial glutamate carrier <i>SLC25A22</i> in neonatal epileptic encephalopathy with suppression bursts (2009)

Neonatal epileptic encephalopathies with suppression bursts (SBs) are very severe and relatively rare diseases characterized by neonatal onset of seizures, interictal electroencephalogram (EEG) with SB pattern and very poor neurological outcome or death. Their etiology remains elusive but they are occasionally caused by metabolic diseases or malformations. Studying an Arab Muslim Israeli consanguineous family, with four affected children presenting a severe neonatal epileptic encephalopathy, we have previously identified a mutation in the SLC25A22 gene encoding a mitochondrial glutamate transporter. In this report, we describe a novel SLC25A22 mutation in an unrelated patient born from first cousin Algerian parents and presenting severe epileptic encephalopathy characterized by an EEG with SB, hypotonia, microcephaly and abnormal electroretinogram. We showed that this patient carried a homozygous p.G236W SLC25A22 mutation which alters a highly conserved amino acid and completely abolishes the glutamate carrier's activity in vitro. Comparison of the clinical features of patients from both families suggests that SLC25A22 mutations are responsible for a novel clinically recognizable epileptic encephalopathy with SB.
Two-dimensional analysis of short-channel delta-doped GaAs MESFETs (1992)

Key design parameters for delta-doped GaAs MESFETs, such as delta doping profile, top layer background doping density, and scaling of lateral feature size, are investigated using a two-dimensional numerical simulation. A three-region (delta-doped conducting channel, top layer, and substrate) velocity-field relation is implemented in the model as appropriate for the particular device structure which is simulated. Simulation results show excellent agreement with a fabricated 0.5- mu m gate-length delta-doped GaAs MESFETs based on atomic layer epitaxy material. An extrinsic transconductance of 370 mS/mm and a drain-source current of 270 mA/mm are obtained for typical devices, and the maximum transconductance is as high as 400 mS/mm. These are the best DC results yet reported for 0.5- mu m gate-length delta-doped GaAs MESFETs. Considerations of design and optimization are discussed in terms of threshold voltage sensitivity, transconductance, current drive capability, and cutoff frequency, based on both simulation and experiment results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>