gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antagonism of a nicotine plus midazolam discriminative cue in rate (1994)

Rats were trained to discriminate nicotine (0.4mg/kg s.c.), midazolam (0.2mg/kg s.c.) or the combination of these drugs from saline (n = 10). The rats were trained to 95% accuracy in a two-bar operant procedure with a tandem schedule of food reinforcement. Testing with the individual drugs in the mixture-trained group showed that nicotine (85% drug-appropriate responding) was a more salient component than midazolam (47%) in the compound stimulus. The rats were tested with benzodiazepine and nicotine antagonists individually and in combination (mecamylamine 0.2-1.6mg/kg s.c.; flumazenil 2.5-20mg/kg i.p.). Results for the mixture-trained animals showed that flumazenil had no effect on its own, however mecamylamine on its own produced a significant but incomplete block in doses of 0.4-1.6mg/kg. The greater salience of the nicotine component of the cue would explain the block by mecamylamine but not flumazenil. The antagonists in combination produced greater blockade than mecamylamine on its own. The selectivity of the antagonist actions on the different cue components was also demonstrated. The results suggest that in drug discrimination experiments, "false negative" results may be obtained with antagonists when a training drug produces a stimulus with more than one component.
Emerging Concepts for Synthesis of Thermally Engineered Materials and Structures (2001)

Heat Exchanger Concepts; Stochastic Cellular Metal Microheat Exchangers; Periodic Cellular Metal Heat Exchangers Thermal Protection Coatings; Pore Morphology Control; Manufacturing Concepts for Low K Multi-component Oxides.
A 400&#x00D7;400&#x00B5;m<sup>2</sup> 3-axis CMOS-MEMS accelerometer with vertically integrated fully-differential sensing electrodes (2011)

This study presents a novel CMOS-MEMS 3-axis accelerometer design using TSMC 0.18μm 1P6M CMOS process. Thus, the footprint size of 3-axis accelerometer is significantly reduced to 400×400μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> by the single proof-mass design, Due to the novel fully-differential gap-closing sensing electrode design in all three sensing directions, the sensitivities of 3-axis accelerometer are improved. Moreover, by means of metal wet-etching post-CMOS process, very small in-plane and out-of-plane sensing gaps are respectively defined by the minimum line width and one metal-layer thickness of TSMC process. Thus, the sensitivity of accelerometer is further improved. Table1 summarize the measured performances of proposed accelerometer, which indicates its chip size and performances are better than existing designs.
QSAR Evaluation of .alpha.-Terthienyl Phototoxicity (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQSAR Evaluation of .alpha.-Terthienyl PhototoxicityGilman D. Veith, Ovanes G. Mekenyan, Gerald T. Ankley, and Daniel J. CallCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1995, 29, 5, 1267–1272Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00005a019https://doi.org/10.1021/es00005a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views201Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A network of oscillators (1990)

A model of neuronal behaviour capable of accounting for the oscillatory, plateau and rebound properties of biological neurons is derived, discussed and analysed. The model is based on a piecewise linear form of the FitzHugh-Nagumo equations, but reduces to a set of maps very similar to those of the Hopfield model (1982). In particular, the binary description of individual neurons and the well studied form of the synaptic current Sigma JijSj are preserved, although the model is capable of reproducing behaviours on the slow timescales characteristic of plateau and oscillation. By coupling two model cells together a mutually inhibitory or half-centred oscillator and an oscillator, fixed-phase follower pairs are constructed.
A bistable microrelay based on two-segment multimorph cantilever actuators (2002)

A surface micromachined bistable microrelay based on the latching of a novel two-segment multimorph cantilever actuator is presented. The two-segment multimorph actuator is composed of two bimorph segment actuators that are connected with each other, one is normally open (NO) and the other is normally closed (NC). The two bimorph segments can be actuated independently in such a way that the device has two stable mechanical latching states, namely, "on" and "off", which can be electrically read out with large off/on resistance ratios. This bistable relay is operated by two separate thermal power pulses at 12 mW and 10 mW respectively. The latching "on" and unlatching "off" operation times are less than 0.5 msec and 0.1 msec respectively. The "on" resistance is in the range of 2.1 /spl sim/35.6 ohms. The "off" resistance is greater than 10/sup 12/ ohms. The breakdown voltage between the open electrodes is above 400 V. Keeping the NO bimorph segment of the bistable relay activated, a normally closed microrelay is also demonstrated.
Identification of differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs in human ovarian cancer cells with different metastatic potentials. (2013)

LncRNAs clusters were differentially expressed in ovarian cancer cells with varying metastatic potentials. This result indicates that some lncRNAs might exert a partial or key role in epithelial ovarian cancer metastasis. Further studies should be conducted to determine the roles of these lncRNAs in ovarian cancer metastasis.
Chronoamperometric determination of free chlorine by using a wax‐impregnated carbon electrode (1981)

A rapid and sensitive electroanalytical method has been developed for measuring free chlorine in water by using a wax‐impregnated carbon electrode. This method can differentiate free chlorine—the sum of OCI and HOCI—from other combined chlorine species. Sodium dichloroisocyanurate, an active chlorine compound widely used in swimming pool disinfection, was chosen as the model system. The method illustrates that when sodium dichloroisocyanurate is dissolved in water it is only partially dissociated into free chlorine, even at a very low concentration. When isocyanuric acid is added to a solution containing free chlorine, the concentration of the latter drops because of the formation of chlorinated isocyanuric acids and salts. The equilibrium states of both the dissociation and formation reactions are rapidly achieved.
In vitro study of oxytetracycline adsorption on activated charcoal (2000)

In vitro adsorption experiments simulating pH in gastric environment and using Langmuir isotherm, showed that 408 mg of oxytetracycline was adsorbed per gram of activated charcoal. Langmuir isotherm fitted adsorption data better than a Freundlich isotherm. Freundlich isotherm showed a specific adsorption capacity of 518 mg/g for activated charcoal. Both isotherm parameters indicated a strong oxytetracycline adsorption on activated charcoal in terms of quantity and binding strength. The results demonstrate that the concomitant use of oxytetracyline and activated charcoal should be avoided.
67‐4: Wide‐color‐gamut LCDs with Vivid Color LED Technology (2017)

A Vivid Color LED with an ultra‐narrow emission bandwidth (FWHM ~ 10 nm) has been developed. Using this LED backlight for a conventional TFT LCD, we can achieve 97.8% Rec. 2020 in CIE 1976 color space. The new LED has tuneable emission characteristics, recycles light for improved power efficiency, and leverages existing LED and phosphor manufacturing processes for lower cost, and long lifetime. Widespread application in other displays, and lighting are foreseeable.
An investigation of iterative routing algorithms (1995)

This paper presents a detailed analysis of an iterative routing algorithm in which multiple passes are made through a net list, varying the region of crossover on each net after every iteration. This is in contrast to conventional iterative routing algorithms which incorporate a crossover penalty within the cost function being minimised. Experimental results are presented and, based on these results, new modifications proposed. The modified algorithm is compared to a conventional iterative algorithm and a single pass Lee router. The results illustrate the improved completion rates of iterative algorithms with respect to single pass algorithms. Finally, an element of dynamic routing (ripup and reroute) is introduced to further improve the completion rate of the modified algorithm.
Systolic Number Radix Converters (1992)

Hardware number radix converters may be required at the input and output interfaces of high-speed arithmetic processors implemented in VLSI. Systolic hardware realisation of the radix conversion process along with hardware implementation details are discussed in this paper. The main results are that it is always possible to accept one input digit in a continuous stream of k-digit operands on every clock tick and that the total conversion delay (from the acceptance of the first digit of an operand to the emergence of the first digit in the corresponding k′-digit result) is k + k′/b clock ticks, where b is a design tradeoff parameter affecting the cell complexity, intercell communication, and possibly the clock period in the systolic converter.
Solubilization of Proteins in 2-D Electrophoresis: An Outline (2003)

The solubilization process for 2-D electrophoresis has to achieve four parallel goals:
Arginine-79 in the first epidermal growth factor domain of factor VII is essential for the interaction with tissue factor (1993)

Department of Pathology, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3ZS, Canada.
Cortical GABAergic Interneuron/Progenitor Transplantation as a Novel Therapy for Intractable Epilepsy (2018)

Epilepsy is a severe neurological disease affecting more than 70 million people worldwide that is characterized by unpredictable and abnormal electrical discharges resulting in recurrent seizures. Although antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are the mainstay of epilepsy treatment for seizure control, about one third of patients with epilepsy suffer from intractable seizures that are unresponsive to AEDs. Furthermore, the patients that respond to AEDs typically experience adverse systemic side effects, underscoring the urgent need to develop new therapies that target epileptic foci rather than more systemic interventions. Neurosurgical removal of affected brain tissues or implanting neurostimulator devices are effective options only for a fraction of patients with drug-refractory seizures, so it is imperative to develop treatments that are more generally applicable and restorative in nature. Considering the abnormalities of GABAergic inhibitory interneurons in epileptic brain tissues, one strategy with considerable promise is to restore normal circuit function by transplanting GABAergic interneurons/progenitors into the seizure focus. In this review, we focus on recent studies of cortical GABAergic interneuron transplantation to treat epilepsy and discuss critical issues in moving this promising experimental therapeutic treatment into clinic.
Competition in the Corporate Jungle: Can We Survive? (2002)

Health libraries face competition from other information service providers and other university libraries. Therefore, strategies like identification of their competitors, matching them service for service, co-operation between libraries and gaining the advantage of size by coming together, are needed to deal with competition.
Host-induced gene silencing of <i>Pectobacterium carotovorum</i> quorum sensing gene enhances soft rot disease resistance in potato plants (2019)

Quorum sensing is a regulatory mechanism of gene expression in bacteria which regulated many physiological processes such as production of virulence factors in Pectobacterium carotovorum. In this research, the plant expression vector, pBI121, harbouring the anti-quorum sensing gene, aiiA, was transformed into Potato (Solanum tuberosum cv. Agria) explants by Agrobacterium mediated transformation procedure and putative transformants containing pBI121/aiiA were obtained. The results of bioassay test revealed that the expression of aiiA gene in potato plant induces the resistance to the early stage of bacterium pathogenesis. The soft rot symptoms such as wilting, yellowing and tissue maceration were not observed until 48 hr after inoculation of transgenic potatoes with P. carotovorum. Although in non-transgenic plants, the disease symptoms were appeared after 24 hr of plants infection. Hence, this study proves that the heterologous expression of aiiA gene enhances the resistance against potato soft rot disease.
Stability of an extemporaneous formulation of injectable cholecalciferol (1981)

THe stability of an extemporaneous formulation of injectable cholecalciferol 40,000 IU/ml was assessed. A preparation of cholecalciferol 40,000 IU/ml in a solution of propylene glycol with ethanol 10% was prepared. The solution was stored at 4 degrees C in 2-ml sterile glass vials protected from light. Cholecalciferol content was measured initially and periodically for 199 days using a high-pressure liquid chromatography technique. A 7.3% loss of cholecalciferol potency from baseline was observed over the 199-day period. In contrast to currently available preparations, this extemporaneous formulation of injectable cholecalciferol potentially offers a versatile dosage form for therapeutic or prophylactic therapy of vitamin D deficiency. It was easily prepared and retained more than 90% potency of cholecalciferol for at least six months. The addition of this formulation to large-volume parenteral or parenteral nutrition solutions is not recommended, however, because compatibility data are not available. In addition, the biological activity of the preparation has not been assessed.
Changes in the Antioxidant System Associated with Budbreak in `Anna' Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) Buds (1994)

The ability of low and high temperatures and S-containing compounds to overcome endo- and paradormancy along with the possible mechanisms involved in these treatments for breaking `Anna' apple bud dormancy were studied. All three treatments induced budbreak in paradormant (July) and endodormant (October) buds. Cold, heat, and allyl disulfide increased ascorbic acid, the reduced form of glutathione (GSH), total glutathione, total nonprotein thiol (NPSH), and nonglutathione thiol (RSH), whereas dehydroascorbic acid and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) decreased. The treatments also increased the ratios of ascorbic acid: dehydroascorbate and GSH: GSSG and the activities of ascorbate free-radical reductase (AFR, EC 1.6.5.4), ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1), ascorbate oxidase (AAO, EC 1.10.3.3), and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) in the buds. These results indicate that budbreak induced by cold, heat, and allyl disulfide is associated with the removal of free radicals through activated peroxide-scavenging systems.
Electron Microscope Study of DNA-Containing Plasms (1958)

The nucleoids of Escherichia coli, independently of the physiological state of the bacteria, are shown to be preserved as a fine-stranded fibrillar nucleoplasm by an OsO(4) fixation under defined conditions: acetate-veronal buffer pH 6, presence of Ca(++) and amino acids, stabilization with uranyl-acetate before dehydration. The same fixation procedure applied to the DNA of vegetative phage reveals a pool of homogeneous fibrillar structure very similar to the nucleoplasm. The "versene test," which produces a coarse coagulation of these plasms, emphasizes the similar behaviour of the pool and the nucleoids. The heads of mature phage are preserved in their true polyhedral shape by the standard fixation procedure, although they may be badly distorted when fixed under different conditions. Lanthanum nitrate and uranyl-acetate are shown to increase markedly the contrast of both phage and cytoplasm. The consequences of the fibrillar structure of the genetic material are discussed in relation to the probable division process.
Control of Morphogenesis in Myxobacteria (1987)

The myxobacteria are Gram-negative soil bacteria that live in large communities known as swarms. The most remarkable characteristic of myxobacteria is their ability to form fruiting bodies that have a species-specific shape and color. Fruiting body formation requires the concerted effort of hundreds of thousands of cells. Development is initiated only when two conditions are satisfied. The cells must be nutritionally deprived (environmental signal) and there must be many other cells in the vicinity (intercellular signal). The development of one species, Myxococcus xanthus, has been studied in the most detail. M. xanthus uses amino acids as its primary carbon, nitrogen, and energy source. Starvation for a single amino acid, or for inorganic phosphate, serves as the environmental signal. A variety of intercellular signals appear to control the initiation of development and the timing of subsequent developmental events.
Current perspectives on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of clinically significant Vibrio spp (1988)

Recent taxonomic advances have now implicated several different Vibrio species as human pathogens. While the most common clinical presentation of Vibrio infection continues to be gastroenteritis, an increasing number of extraintestinal infections are being reported, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Detection of Vibrio infections requires a good clinical history and the use of appropriate isolation and identification procedures by the laboratory to confirm illnesses attributed to Vibrio species. Except for Vibrio cholerae O1 and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, there is little direct evidence linking the production of a myriad of cell-associated or extracellular factors produced by each species with human disease and pathogenesis. Many questions regarding pathogenic Vibrio species remain unanswered, including their frequency and distribution in environmental specimens (water, shellfish), infective doses, virulence potential of individual isolates, and markers associated with such strains.
NK Cell Assays in Immunotoxicity Testing (2009)

It is well known that natural killer (NK) cells are involved in defense against viruses and some tumors. NK cells kill target cells by the directed release of cytolytic granules that contain perforin, granzymes, and granulysin. It is increasingly important to evaluate NK cell function in immunotoxicity testing. NK cell function can be evaluated by determining cytolytic activity against target tumor cells by the (51)Cr-release assay and also by determining the number of NK cells in peripheral blood in humans and in the spleen in animals using flow cytometry. Recently, the intracellular levels of perforin, granzymes, and granulysin determined by flow cytometry have also been used in the evaluation of NK cell function. This chapter will describe the methods for NK cell assays in immunotoxicity testing.
Nazism and nursing: a comment on relevance. (1996)

This paper suggest that it is crucial at the present time to look back and consider the role of nurses and the health-care system in the development of Nazi Germany. The paper points out that medical involvement in the Holocaust was extensive and underwritten by the subversion of science to political ends. Evidence is amassed which points to dangerous trends in the conduct of contemporary medicine and to the continuing capacity for institutionally endorsed abuses of human rights. It is suggested that nursing examine its role in the implementation of Nazi policies, so that its continuing susceptibility to political subversion can be recognised, evaluated and neutralised.
Analysis of the expression of the putatively virulence-associated neisserial protein RmpM (class 4) in commensal Neisseria and Moraxella catarrhalis strains (2001)

The RmpM protein has been reported to be present only in pathogenic Neisseria species. In the present study we demonstrate that this protein is also present at least in N. lactamica and N. sicca strains. The N. lactamica protein reacts with a RmpM-specific monoclonal antibody (185, H-8), having a molecular mass (∼31 kDa) slightly lower than that of the meningococcal RmpM, and mouse antibodies from sera against outer membrane vesicles from both N. lactamica and N. sicca strains cross-react with the meningococcal RmpM. PCR and hybridization experiments with a complete rmpM probe agree with the immunodetection experiments. Our results strongly suggest that the meningococcal RmpM should not be considered a virulence marker, and the presence of this protein in the commensal species agrees with its role as a structural protein, proposed for the RmpM, which should be considerably conserved in the Neisseria species.
Rendezvous through obstacles in multi-agent exploration (2014)

In the robot rescue scenario a team of (ground-based, mobile) robots are sent into a disaster area in order to map it and to look for survivors. Communication between agents is assumed limited, which means that robots have to physically move in order to pass information to the outside world. Here we augment the previous communication model by assuming that short-range communication of map data is possible, and also consider adding a second low-bandwidth command channel with much larger range. This means that dense data (like maps) can be sent through some walls or along corridors, increasing the possible ways that robots can pass data along; and that high-priority short messages can be sent to most of the agents at any time. We claim that these modifications make the simulated scenario more realistic, with a corresponding increase in complexity. Results indicate that the ability to move information is improved over earlier work.
Measuring the performance of implemented multirate systems (2002)

Multirate systems play an important role in modern telecommunication. Examples of their application are filter banks for image or speech coding, transmultiplexers, sampling rate converters, and block processing systems. Usually they are designed under idealizing assumptions, neglecting wordlength effects as well as the required coding between analysis and synthesis part of the multirate system. Thus a rather different performance of an implemented system in comparison with the idealized one has to be expected. In general, not all of the resulting distortions can be calculated analytically. Nevertheless, they must be considered carefully during the design and implementation phase. We describe a method for measuring the performance of implemented multirate systems. The method is illustrated by measurement results.