gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic characterization of nitrite‐mediated neuroprotection after experimental cardiac arrest (2016)

Nitrite acts as an ischemic reservoir of nitric oxide (NO) and a potent S-nitrosating agent which reduced histologic brain injury after rat asphyxial cardiac arrest (ACA). The mechanism(s) of nitrite-mediated neuroprotection remain to be defined. We hypothesized that nitrite-mediated brain mitochondrial S-nitrosation accounts for neuroprotection by reducing reperfusion reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Nitrite (4 μmol) or placebo was infused IV after normothermic (37°C) ACA in randomized, blinded fashion with evaluation of neurologic function, survival, brain mitochondrial function, and ROS. Blood and CSF nitrite were quantified using reductive chemiluminescence and S-nitrosation by biotin switch. Direct neuroprotection was verified in vitro after 1 and 4 h neuronal oxygen glucose deprivation measuring neuronal death with inhibition studies to examine mechanism. Mitochondrial ROS generation was quantified by live neuronal imaging using mitoSOX. Nitrite significantly reduced neurologic disability after ACA. ROS generation was reduced in brain mitochondria from nitrite- versus placebo-treated rats after ACA with congruent preservation of brain ascorbate and reduction of ROS in brain sections using immuno-spin trapping. ATP generation was maintained with nitrite up to 24 h after ACA. Nitrite rapidly entered CSF and increased brain mitochondrial S-nitrosation. Nitrite reduced in vitro mitochondrial superoxide generation and improved survival of neurons after oxygen glucose deprivation. Protection was maintained with inhibition of soluble guanylate cyclase but lost with NO scavenging and ultraviolet irradiation. Nitrite therapy results in direct neuroprotection from ACA mediated by reductions in brain mitochondrial ROS in association with protein S-nitrosation. Neuroprotection is dependent on NO and S-nitrosothiol generation, not soluble guanylate cyclase.
Spatial and Vertical Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediment of the Shipyard Area in Gohyeon Bay (2009)

'Forced care' describes the provision of personal care to an individual who does not have the capacity to make a decision about that care and resists receiving that care. This study explored the views of clinical psychologists on supporting staff involved with forced care and considered the following question: Do clinical psychologists feel that they have a role in guiding decisions around forced care, and if so, what? Interview data were gathered from five clinical psychologists experienced in the field of Older Adult psychology in the UK. This study concludes that the environment in which psychologists work influences the psychologist's beliefs about whether psychologists should be involved with making recommendations about forced care, and how they should be involved.
Pharmacokinetics of fluorescein in the vitreous. (1981)

The pharmacokinetics of fluorescein in the vitreous after intravenous or oral fluorescein administration was studied in normal individuals. Vitreous and free blood fluorescein concentrations were measured over an 8 hr period by fluorophotometry and fluorescence polarization. A computer model was constructed based on the free plasma fluorescein concentrations and conformed closely to the experimental data. The concentration profiles of fluorescein appearance in the vitreous were then examined. The effect of alterations in retinal permeability and free blood fluorescein concentration are also discussed. This article illustrates that an increase in the concentration of fluorescein in the vitreous as measured by fluorophotometry can be caused by factors other than an increase in blood-retinal barrier permeability.
1P1-F07 Basic study on in vivo power generation system using contraction of skeletal muscle generated by electrical stimulation (2015)

As a method for power supply, we proposed an active in vivo power generation system using an electrical muscle stimulation technology as an alternative to an implantation of batteries and a wireless power transmission. In this system, contractile force generated by applying electrical stimulation to skeletal muscle was used as an energy source. In this paper, based on the results of muscle contraction characteristics by electrical stimulation, an electromagnetic induction type power generation mechanism was designed and fabricated. The power generation performance of the proposed generator was evaluated using the gastrocnemius muscle of a toad and the net power generated in the experiment was 112μW.
Optimal Data Interval for Estimating Advertising Response (2006)

The abundance of highly disaggregate data (e.g., at five-second intervals) raises the question of the optimal data interval to estimate advertising carryover. The literature assumes that (1) the optimal data interval is the interpurchase time, (2) too disaggregate data causes a disaggregation bias, and (3) recovery of true parameters requires assumption of the underlying advertising process. In contrast, we show that (1) the optimal data interval is what we call unit exposure time, (2) too disaggregate data does not cause any disaggregation bias, and (3) recovery of true parameters does not require assumption of the advertising process but only data at the unit exposure time. These results hold for any linear dynamic model linking sales with current and past advertising.
An updated overall survival analysis with correction for protocol-planned crossover of the international, phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of regorafenib in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors after failure of imatinib and sunitinib (GRID). (2015)

110 Background: The GRID study showed that regorafenib improves progression-free survival compared with placebo in patients with advanced GIST after failure of at least imatinib and sunitinib (HR 0.27; 1-sided p<0.0001; Demetri 2013). At the time of the primary analysis, no significant difference in the secondary endpoint of overall survival (OS) was observed (HR 0.77; p=0.199), but this result may have been confounded by the high rate of crossover to regorafenib (85%) of placebo patients at progression. We conducted exploratory analyses of updated OS data to assess the effect of correcting for this protocol-planned crossover. Methods: The data cut-off for this updated OS analysis was 31 January 2014 (2 years after the primary analysis). OS was corrected using two randomization-based methods: rank preserving structural failure time (RPSFT) and iterative parameter estimation (IPE); both methods are considered as best choice among all correction analytics. Hazard ratios and 95% CI were derived using the Cox model. Results: A total of 139 deaths had occurred at the time of data cut-off: 91 events (68.4% of patients) in the regorafenib group and 48 (72.7%) in the placebo group. A total of 22 patients remained on regorafenib treatment (median duration 2.1 years, range 0.9–2.4). The updated hazard ratio for OS favored regorafenib (0.85, 95% CI: 0.60 - 1.21; p=0.18). Median OS was estimated as 17.4 months in both groups, with crossover from placebo. The corrected HRs for OS are less than the uncorrected HR (Table). Conclusions: The updated analysis of OS in the GRID trial is consistent with the primary analysis. An exploratory analysis correcting for the impact of cross-over on OS suggests a survival benefit for regorafenib in GIST. Clinical trial information: NCT01271712. [Table: see text]
Microspectrophotometric Study of Histoenzymic Reactions in Rat Epidermis Subjected to 0·5 Mrads of Deuteron Radiation (1970)

SummaryThe epidermis of new-born rats was irradiated with a deuteron beam of 26·5 MeV. 500 krads were delivered to 4 mm diameter circular areas in the infraorbicular left side of the heads.Quantitative histochemical determinations of NADP diaphorase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactic and succinic dehydrogenase were performed, using a microspectrophotometric scanning technique, from 2 to 48 hours after irradiation.There was no clear change with LDh and SDh. A clear increment was detected in both total content and mean concentration of NADP Diaph. and Gl-6-phDh. No evidence of a real enzyme decrease shortly after irradiation could be detected by our techniques. This could imply that no significant direct radiation effects occur to the enzyme molecules in vivo.
Codon Recognition by Enzymatically Mischarged Valine Transfer Ribonucleic Acid (1969)

Direct evidence for the adaptor hypothesis has been obtained by examining the codon recognition of a purified Escherichia coli valine transfer ribonucleic acid which was enzymatically mischarged with phenylalanine labeled with carbn-14 by reaction with purified phenylalanyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase from Neurospora crassa. The mischarged transfer ribonucleic acid recognized the valine codons but failed to recognize the phenylalanine codon when tested in trinucleotide-directed ribosomal binding assay.
Corrosion by Mercury and Its Inhibition in Once-Through 2¼ Cr-1Mo Steel Boilers (1967)

AbstractBoiling mercury corrosion has been studied in natural-circulation once-through 2¼ Cr-1Mo steel loops operating at 315 to 703°C and 300 psi for 5000 h at a flow rate of ≈11.5 kg/h. The corrosion inhibition resulting from the presence of solid titanium or zirconium at the boiler inlet was determined by comparison with an uninhibited loop operating under similar conditions. No boiler corrosion was found in the inhibited loops, but the uninhibited loop had 20–25 µ boiler corrosion.
Stability criteria for spontaneously pulsing gas lasers (2009)

Low-threshold spontaneous pulsations are known to occur in the output beams of certain high-gain gas lasers, and good agreement between the experimental observations and numerical models has been achieved. There have also been several analytical studies of threshold criteria for spontaneously pulsing lasers. However, the analytical studies are mostly not applicable to the lasers in which the pulsations have been observed. Stability criteria for high-gain gas lasers are derived in this study, and these criteria are compared with a previously modeled gas laser instability.
Microwave methods of atmospheric temperature and water vapor profiling (2002)

A temperature profiling radiometer based on a highly stable synthesizer, rather than traditionally used Gunn oscillators, has been designed and fabricated under contract to White Sands Missile Range. This profiler is capable of tuning a user-selected ensemble of frequencies in the range of 52.85 to 58.8 GHz as well as fixed water vapor and water channels at 25.8 and 31.4 GHz. This instrument weighs about 30 kg and consumes about 200 watts. Because of the frequency stability of the receiver, and because of the large number of observing frequencies possible, improved profile accuracy and resolution is expected over Gunn-based temperature profilers. An inexpensive, simple, and accurate calibration target system that includes the antenna system has been developed for this profiler. The calibration target can be loaded with liquid nitrogen or other cryogenic liquids. Tests with a Radiometrics water vapor radiometer have demonstrated stability of 0.1 K over 6 hours. The cryogenic liquid temperature can be known by its boiling point to within several hundredths of a Kelvin by a simple barometric pressure measurement. Preliminary design work has also been accomplished on a portable (35 kg) water vapor profiling radiometer. This radiometer is to utilize a stable synthesizer to map pressure broadening by tuning across the 22 GHz water vapor line.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Portrait of a First-Run Audience (1955)

DALLAS W. SMYTHE is Research Professor of Communications at the University of Illinois and Chief of Economics and Statistics Division, Federal Communications Commission. JOHN R. GREGORY and OLIVER P. COLVIN are graduate students at the University of Illinois. ALVIN OSTRIN is employed in a Chicago advertising agency as an assistant radioand television-business administrator. WILLIAM MORONEY is an officer at the Westover Air Force Base where he is in charge of the Statistical Services Division.
Evidence for the involvement of protein phosphatase‐1 in the regulation of metabolic processes other than glycogen metabolism (1978)

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Dimensionless Rainfall Patterns for South Carolina (2006)

This note presents methodologies for developing dimensionless design rainfall patterns for the state of South Carolina based on the real rainfall events as an alternative to the presently used Soil Conservation Service (SCS) curves that are based on rainfall bursts. The rainfall data were analyzed, and previously used methods of separating a rainfall event out of the continuous data set were evaluated and modified for the present application. Two distinct nondimensional rainfall patterns, one for short durations of rainfall and the other for long durations, were identified. Though the general patterns for South Carolina were similar to rainfall patterns generated for other states in recent studies, they were markedly different when compared to the SCS Type II curve currently used in the state.
Paper-based microfluidics for experimental design: screening masking agents for simultaneous determination of Mn(<scp>ii</scp>) and Co(<scp>ii</scp>) (2016)

A microfluidic paper-based analytical device has been designed to rapidly screen masking agents for selective colorimetric detection of transition metals.
A Tyrosine-based Motif Localizes a Drosophila Vesicular Transporter to Synaptic Vesicles in Vivo (2010)

Vesicular neurotransmitter transporters must localize to synaptic vesicles (SVs) to allow regulated neurotransmitter release at the synapse. However, the signals required to localize vesicular proteins to SVs in vivo remain unclear. To address this question we have tested the effects of mutating proposed trafficking domains in Drosophila orthologs of the vesicular monoamine and glutamate transporters, DVMAT-A and DVGLUT. We show that a tyrosine-based motif (YXXY) is important both for DVMAT-A internalization from the cell surface in vitro, and localization to SVs in vivo. In contrast, DVGLUT deletion mutants that lack a putative C-terminal trafficking domain show more modest defects in both internalization in vitro and trafficking to SVs in vivo. Our data show for the first time that mutation of a specific trafficking motif can disrupt localization to SVs in vivo and suggest possible differences in the sorting of VMATs versus VGLUTs to SVs at the synapse.
Abstract PR03: Prmt1 and Prmt1-dependent translation initiation are critical vulnerabilities of osteosarcoma (2016)

Abstract Osteosarcoma (OS) remains a challenging clinical entity for which targeted therapy is lacking. The frequent mutations of p53 and Rb in OS would be anticipated to create a genetic context in which specific vulnerabilities might exist. To discover genetic vulnerabilities in OS, we conducted high throughput shRNA-based screens in vitro and in vivo using p53/Rb-null OS cells and identified Prmt1, a protein arginine methyltransferase, among other factors as critical to growth/survival of OS cells from genetically engineered mice or human tumors. Indeed, depletion of Prmt1 in OS cells using shRNAs and a Prmt1-specific inhibitor leads to growth arrest and death in vitro. In vivo, Prmt1 inhibition impairs xenograft engraftment and proliferation. Moreover, deletion of Prmt1 in p53/Rb-null osteoblast progenitors using Cre/Lox-based technology significantly inhibits OS initiation and progression in mice, while normal bone development is largely unaffected. In rescue experiments, we find that enzymatically inactive Prmt1 cannot restore proliferation of Prmt1-depleted cells, indicating that the enzymatic activity of Prmt1 is essential for tumorigenicity. To gain mechanistic insights into the molecular functions of Prmt1, we characterized the Prmt1-associated arginine-methylome and downstream targets of Prmt1 using a SILAC-based quantitative proteomics approach. This innovative technique identified many candidate Prmt1-methylated substrates representing various molecular pathways including RNA processing, transcription and translation. In particular, we have shown that loss of Prmt1 leads to a decrease in arginine methylation of members of the eIF4F translation initiation complex, thereby disrupting their physical association and inhibiting translation. Consistent with these findings, we observed that OS cells are sensitive to inhibition of eIF4G, a major component of the eIF4F translation initiation complex, further exposing an additional OS vulnerability to translation inhibition that could be exploited therapeutically. Taken together, our findings implicate a role of Prmt1 in initiation and maintenance of OS and suggest that Prmt1-mediated effects on translation initiation are responsible for tumor proliferation and survival. Based on our findings, we propose that targeted therapy directed to inhibition of Prmt1 and its associated pathways represents a novel and promising therapeutic strategy for OS. This abstract is also presented as Poster A17. Citation Format: Jessie Hao-Ru Hsu, Benjamin Hubbell-Engler, Guillaume Adelmant, Jennifer Perry, Glenn Cowley, Jarrod Marto, Stuart H. Orkin. Prmt1 and Prmt1-dependent translation initiation are critical vulnerabilities of osteosarcoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research: From Mechanisms and Models to Treatment and Survivorship; 2015 Nov 9-12; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(5 Suppl):Abstract nr PR03.
Monitoring k-Nearest Neighbor Queries over Moving Objects (2005)

Many location-based applications require constant monitoring of k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) queries over moving objects within a geographic area. Existing approaches to this problem have focused on predictive queries, and relied on the assumption that the trajectories of the objects are fully predictable at query processing time. We relax this assumption, and propose two efficient and scalable algorithms using grid indices. One is based on indexing objects, and the other on queries. For each approach, a cost model is developed, and a detailed analysis along with the respective applicability is presented. The object-indexing approach is further extended to multi-levels to handle skewed data. We show by experiments that our grid-based algorithms significantly outperform R-tree-based solutions. Extensive experiments are also carried out to study the properties and evaluate the performance of the proposed approaches under a variety of settings.
Convenient Preparation of 4-Formyl-3,5-dimethoxyphenol and Its Incorporation into Linkers and Resins for Solid-Phase Synthesis (2000)

4-Formyl-3,5-dimethoxyphenol (1) is a key synthetic intermediate used to prepare the BAL family (backbone amide linker) of acid-labile linkers and resins. The utility of these linkers and resins for solid-phase synthesis of both peptides and non-peptides has been amply demonstrated. In this article we report a simple and scalable procedure for preparation of isomerically pure 4-formyl-3,5-dimethoxyphenol (1) and its subsequent incorporation into a representative BAL linker and functionalized resin: 4-(4-formyl-3,5-dimethoxyphenoxy)butanoic acid and 4-formyl-3,5-dimethoxyphenoxy-polystyrene, respectively. The procedures are reproducible, are readily scalable, and require no chromatography.
Summary of Evidence on Immediate Statins Therapy Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage M. Y. TsengThe Participants in the International Multidisciplinary Consensus Conference on the Critical Care Management of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (2011)

Statins were shown to have neuroprotective effects, with reduced vasospasm and delayed ischemic deficits in statin-treated patients after aneurysmal sub- arachnoid hemorrhage in two small, randomized, controlled clinical trials published in 2005. This review consolidated data from available published studies evaluating statin treatment for subarachnoid hemorrhage. A literature search was conducted to identify original research studies pub- lished through October 2010 testing immediate treatment with a statin in statin-naive patients following aneurysmal SAH. Six randomized controlled clinical trials and four observational studies were identified. Despite inconsistent results among studies, a meta-analysis of randomized con- trolled data showed a significant reduction in delayed ischemic deficits with statins. Effect on vasospasm was more difficult to determine, due to differences in definitions used among studies. Interpretations from observational studies were limited by the use of relatively small sample sizes, historical controls, and treatment variability.
The Third Virial Coefficient for Non-Polar Gases (1950)

The third virial coefficient for non-polar gases has been calculated with great accuracy by means of punched-card techniques. The Lennard-Jones potential, with inverse twelfth-power repulsion and inverse sixth-power attraction, was used in the calculations. Excellent agreement between our computations and those of Kihara was obtained at very high temperatures; in the moderate temperature region our calculations agree moderately well with those of Montroll and Mayer and those of de Boer and Michels. A comparison with experimental data indicates fairly good agreement for the approximately spherical molecules argon, methane, and nitrogen. In other cases there are discrepancies suggesting deviations from the form of the interaction energy which we assumed. There is considerably difficulty in obtaining accurate third virial coefficients from the equation of state data. A method is suggested whereby the third virial coefficients for mixtures of gases may be estimated. The functions which are tabulated should be particularly useful for extrapolating the equation of state to very high temperatures, where no experimental data are available. The zero-pressure derivative of the Joule-Thomson coefficient with respect to pressure provides additional means for comparing our tabulated functions with experimental data, and the deviations are consistent with those discovered by comparison of the third virial coefficients themselves.