gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Database Location in Computer Networks (1980)

Recent years have wRnessed an increasing number of systems of computers that are distributed geographically and connected by high-capacRy commumcauons channels in designing and managing such a network one must decide where to place copies of the various databases available to the users of the system This decision must trade off the cost of accessing a database, which ~s reduced by additional copies, against the cost of storing and updating the additional copies An optimizing algorithm for a general model of this problem ms described, and successful computational experience with large real examples is reported KEY WORDS AND PHRASES database location, mathematical programming models CR CATEGORIES 3 72, 4 33
Comparative study on the growth performance of Spirulina platensis on modifying culture media (2019)

India faces a severe challenge to ensure adequate nutrition for children and women. Chronic child nutrition deficiency is more prevalent in Madhya Pradesh state of India. Spirulina, multicellular and filamentous cyanobacterium are considered an absolute food supplement to combat malnutrition in Asian and African countries. Spirulina cultivation requires sufficient aeration, agitation and proper light intensity for enhanced biomass yield, cell productivity, specific growth rate, and protein content. This paper presents a novel experimental approach to maximize biomass yield, minimize evaporation rate and respiration losses in a laboratory scale closed reactor and open pond system. Lab scale open pond and closed reactor system were designed for spirulina cultivation under dry climatic conditions at Bhopal, India. Zarrouk media was used as standard and modified organic media was prepared by changing the nitrogen source. Temperature and other input parameters were maintained. Aeration was done manually in an open pond, and the air pump was used in the case of a closed reactor system. Biomass yield obtained from an open pond system was 11.34 g/l, and 12.28 g/l in the closed reactor system. Doubling time was also less in the closed reactor in comparison with the open pond system. Urea seems to be a promising alternative source of low-cost nitrogen for Spirulina cultures. From the experimental results, it is concluded that modified organic media and closed reactor system could be used for better biomass yield.
Coastal Contaminant Migration Monitoring Technology Review (2003)

Growing evidence suggests that submarine groundwater discharge may represent an important migration pathway for natural and anthropogenic constituents entering coastal waters. To address this issue, a series of technologies were investigated for their applicability toward direct quantification of coastal contaminant migration via groundwater. Technologies were divided into two categories: (1) technologies for quantifying groundwater flow to coastal waters, and (2) technologies for detecting contaminants in the groundwater-coastal water exchange zone. The technologies evaluated for quantifying groundwater flow to coastal waters include seepage meters, thermal gradient flow meters, piezometers, thermal infrared aerial imagery, tracer injection, a colloidal borescope, and natural geochemical tracers. The technologies for detecting contaminants in the groundwater-coastal exchange zone include porewater probes, mini-wells, diffusion samplers, seepage meters, and in situ chambers. A matrix was developed to evaluate these technologies. The factors for consideration of each technology include technical performance/applicability, developmental status, reliability, and cost. A panel of experts will fill out the matrix and the selected technologies will then be evaluated for a demonstration based on the panel results.
Discoveries of Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> and Selenium Enzymes (2002)

My undergraduate education at Cornell University was followed by graduate studies on methane fermentations under the guidance of H.A. Barker at the University of California, Berkeley. My Ph.D. degree was granted in June 1949. Two anaerobic microorganisms isolated from the mud flats of San Francisco Bay served as sources of biochemical research material for later studies at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda. These organisms, Methanococcus vannielii and Clostridium sticklandii, proved to be especially rich sources of selenium-dependent enzymes and seleno-tRNAs. New B12 coenzyme-dependent enzymes that catalyzed intermediate steps in the anaerobic conversion of lysine to fatty acids and ammonia were isolated from C. sticklandii and characterized. My research efforts since 1970 have dealt primarily with various aspects of selenium biochemistry. We have shown that selenium is an essential constituent of several enzymes in prokaryotes. Se is present in these either as a selenocysteine residue in the protein or alternatively, in a few molybdoenzymes, as a component of a bound cofactor. Recent studies with a human adenocarcinoma cell line led to the unexpected discovery that selenocysteine occurs in mammalian thioredoxin reductase. The selenium located in a redox center of this enzyme is essential for catalytic activity.
Mesenchymal stem cells in the dental tissues: perspectives for tissue regeneration (2011)

In recent years, stem cell research has grown exponentially owing to the recognition that stem cell-based therapies have the potential to improve the life of patients with conditions that range from Alzheimer's disease to cardiac ischemia and regenerative medicine, like bone or tooth loss. Based on their ability to rescue and/or repair injured tissue and partially restore organ function, multiple types of stem/progenitor cells have been speculated. Growing evidence demonstrates that stem cells are primarily found in niches and that certain tissues contain more stem cells than others. Among these tissues, the dental tissues are considered a rich source of mesenchymal stem cells that are suitable for tissue engineering applications. It is known that these stem cells have the potential to differentiate into several cell types, including odontoblasts, neural progenitors, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. In dentistry, stem cell biology and tissue engineering are of great interest since may provide an innovative for generation of clinical material and/or tissue regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells were demonstrated in dental tissues, including dental pulp, periodontal ligament, dental papilla, and dental follicle. These stem cells can be isolated and grown under defined tissue culture conditions, and are potential cells for use in tissue engineering, including, dental tissue, nerves and bone regeneration. More recently, another source of stem cell has been successfully generated from human somatic cells into a pluripotent stage, the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells), allowing creation of patient- and disease-specific stem cells. Collectively, the multipotency, high proliferation rates, and accessibility make the dental stem cell an attractive source of mesenchymal stem cells for tissue regeneration. This review describes new findings in the field of dental stem cell research and on their potential use in the tissue regeneration.
Kidney Electrolyte Disorders (1990)

Disorders of sodium metabolism disorders of water metabolism disorders of potassium metabolism disorders of acid-base metabolism disorders of calcium and phosporus metabolism disorders of magnesium metabolism disorders of trace mineral metabolism special problems in surgery, trauma, shock, and burn patients disorders of fluid-electrolyte in diabetic patients disorders of electroyte, water and acid-base metabolism in children pathophysiology and management of acute renal failure. pathophysiology and management of chronic renal failure.
In vitro activity of amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, caspofungin and terbinafine against Scytalidium dimidiatum and Scytalidium hyalinum clinical isolates (2008)

Amphotericin B and voriconazole exhibit the lowest MICs for Scytalidium spp. Voriconazole could be a promising agent for the treatment of these refractory infections.
High performance CMOS current comparator (1994)

A new high-speed CMOS current comparator is described. By changing the buffer of an existing comparator from class B to class AB operation, voltage swings are reduced, resulting in greater speed for small input currents. Simulation results employing a 1.6 µm CMOS technology show the response time to a 0.1 µA input current to be 11 ns and the power dissipation to be 1.4 mW, resulting in a five times improvement in speed/power ratio over existing high-speed current comparators.
MECHANISMS OF LOWER EXTREMITY INJURIES TO FRONT SEAT CAR OCCUPANTS: AN IN DEPTH ACCIDENT ANALYSIS (1997)

An in-depth analysis of 194 fractures of the lower extremity has been performed using the United Kingdom Co-operative Crash Injury Study (CCIS). The principal aims of the study described were to determine the incidence and mechanisms of lower extremity injuries to front seat car occupants in frontal impacts, and to resolve the question of which injuries are a priority for prevention based on their potential for causing long term impairment and disability using new injury severity and impairment scales. The majority of the most severe and impairing below knee injuries were considered to be caused by footwell intrusion. Although pedals were implicated as the cause of over one fifth of below knee injuries, the majority of pedal related injuries were of low severity and not a source of long term impairment. For the covering abstract of the conference see ITRD E203597.
An unrestrained proinflammatory M1 macrophage population induced by iron impairs wound healing in humans and mice (2011)

Uncontrolled macrophage activation is now considered to be a critical event in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and chronic venous leg ulcers. However, it is still unclear which environmental cues induce persistent activation of macrophages in vivo and how macrophage-derived effector molecules maintain chronic inflammation and affect resident fibroblasts essential for tissue homeostasis and repair. We used a complementary approach studying human subjects with chronic venous leg ulcers, a model disease for macrophage-driven chronic inflammation, while establishing a mouse model closely reflecting its pathogenesis. Here, we have shown that iron overloading of macrophages--as was found to occur in human chronic venous leg ulcers and the mouse model--induced a macrophage population in situ with an unrestrained proinflammatory M1 activation state. Via enhanced TNF-α and hydroxyl radical release, this macrophage population perpetuated inflammation and induced a p16(INK4a)-dependent senescence program in resident fibroblasts, eventually leading to impaired wound healing. This study provides insight into the role of what we believe to be a previously undescribed iron-induced macrophage population in vivo. Targeting this population may hold promise for the development of novel therapies for chronic inflammatory diseases such as chronic venous leg ulcers.
Swallow counterless DMP PLL (2003)

This paper proposes a new simple architecture of digital dividing system in dual-modulus prescaler phase-locked loop for wireless communications. In this new architecture a swallow counter is not employed while the same total division ratio as in a conventional system can be obtained. This simple architecture shows advantages in reducing power consumption and gate-counts and is suitable for small die area and low power applications. The circuit is designed in a standard 0.35 um CMOS process.
Substrate Selectivity of Type A and Type B Monoamine Oxidase in Rat Brain (1980)

Abstract: Use of the irreversible inhibitors clorgyline and deprenyl showed that rat brain mitochondria contain type A and type B monoamine oxidase (MAO). Tyramine is a substrate for both types of MAO, whereas serotonin is a preferential substrate for type A MAO. In contrast to MAO in other tissues, type A MAO in brain tissue oxidizes β‐phenylethylamine (PEA) at high concentrations (0.5 and 1.0 mM). The proportions of type A and type B MAO activities in the mitochondria estimated from the double‐sigmoidal inhibition curves of tyramine oxidation were about 70:30 irrespective of the concentration of tyramine. With PEA as substrate, the ratios of type A to type B activities were found to increase from low values at low concentrations to about 1 at 0.5‐1.0 mM‐PEA, and even higher at further increased concentrations of PEA. At very low (0.01 mM) and high (10.0 mM) concentrations of PEA, single‐sigmoidal curves were obtained; with the high PEA concentration the activity was highly sensitive to clorgyline, whereas with the low concentration it was highly sensitive to deprenyl. In deprenyl‐pretreated mitochondrial preparations, all the remaining activity towards 0.5‐1.0 mM‐PEA was shown to be highly sensitive to clorgyline, demonstrating that this activity was indeed due to oxidation by type A MAO. The opposite result was obtained with deprenyl as inhibitor of clorgyline‐pretreated preparations, demonstrating that PEA at this concentration was also oxidized by type B MAO in rat brain mitochondria. The K 3 values of type A and type B MAO for PEA were significantly different. On Lineweaver‐Burk analysis, plots with PEA as substrate for type A MAO in a deprenyl‐treated preparation were linear over a wide concentration range, whereas those for type B MAO in a clorgyline‐treated preparation were not linear, but showed substrate inhibition at higher concentrations of the substrate. It is concluded from the present findings that the effect of the substrate concentration must be considered in studies on the characteristics of multiple forms of MAO in various organs and species.
A Simple and Robust Protocol for in vitro Differentiation of Mouse Non-pathogenic T Helper 17 Cells from CD4+ T Cells (2021)

Functional and mechanistic studies of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell lineages rely on robust methods of <i>in vitro</i> T cell polarization. Here, we report an optimized protocol for <i>in vitro</i> differentiation of a mouse non-pathogenic T helper 17 (T<sub>H</sub>17) cell lineage. Most of the previously established protocols require irradiated splenocytes as artificial antigen presenting cells (APC) for TCR activation. The protocol described here employs plate-bound antibodies and a T<sub>H</sub>17-polarizing cytokine cocktail to activate and differentiate naïve CD4<sup>+</sup> T (T<sub>nai</sub>) cells, reflecting a simple and robust protocol for <i>in vitro</i> T<sub>H</sub>17n differentiation. Using T cells that are genetically engineered with an IL-17 reporter, this protocol may enable the rapid production of a pure population of IL17-expressing CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells for system biology studies and high-throughput functional screening.
CHIRAL CATALYSIS (2005)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTCHIRAL CATALYSISRecent chiral chemistry advances underpin the growing importance of catalyst design to accomplish a range of asymmetric reactionsANN M. THAYERView Author Information C&EN HOUSTONCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2005, 83, 36, 40–58Publication Date (Print):September 5, 2005Publication History Published online14 November 2010Published inissue 5 September 2005https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v083n036.p040https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v083n036.p040newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2005 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views58Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Catalysis Get e-Alerts
Cognitive Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access with Cooperative Relaying: A New Wireless Frontier for 5G Spectrum Sharing (2018)

Two emerging technologies towards 5G wireless networks, namely non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and cognitive radio (CR), will provide more efficient utilization of wireless spectrum in the future. In this article, we investigate the integration of NOMA with CR into a holistic system, namely cognitive NOMA network, for more intelligent spectrum sharing. Design principles of cognitive NOMA networks are perfectly aligned to functionality requirements of 5G wireless networks, such as high spectrum efficiency, massive connectivity, low latency, and better fairness. Three different cognitive NOMA architectures are presented, including underlay NOMA networks, overlay NOMA networks, and CR-inspired NOMA networks. To address inter- and intra-network interference which largely degrade the performance of cognitive NOMA networks, cooperative relaying strategies are proposed. For each cognitive NOMA architecture, our proposed cooperative relaying strategy shows its potential to significantly lower outage probabilities. Furthermore, we discuss open challenges and future research directions on implementation of cognitive NOMA networks.
Issues in geothermal reservoir engineering, modeling, and numerical simulation (1996)

The theoretical basis of geothermal reservoir engineering owes much of its origins to the oil and gas industries, but important differences in resource character and geological setting have resulted in substantial divergences from reservoir simulation as practiced in the petroleum industry. Geothermal reservoirs are hotter, contain different fluids, and are usually found within fractured volcanic formations with little or no intergranular permeability. Fluid flow takes place through an intricate fracture network which penetrates the otherwise impermeable rock. By their very nature, oil and gas fields prior to production are usually static (little or no natural fluid circulation) whereas, by contrast, the presence of a dynamic active natural convective circulation system is an essential prerequisite to the formation of a geo-thermal reservoir-otherwise, the earth's heat cannot penetrate upward to drillable depths. Geothermal reservoirs usually lack the regular sub-horizontal stratification pattern typical of oilfields. The resource sought (heat) is mainly contained within the mass of the rock, so that the geothermal brines serve as working fluids to redistribute this heat within the reservoir and carry it upward. During exploitation, flow rates are necessarily high (the economic value per unit mass of hot brine is vastly less than that of oil), and themore » objective is to create an artificial circulation system using production and injection wells to mine energy from the reservoir by cooling the rock. These phenomenological differences have resulted in development of new techniques of reservoir modeling and simulation for geothermal applications.« less
Librarians’ development as teachers (2021)

This article reports on findings of an online survey of teacher librarians about their instructional work, approaches, and roles and how these aspects of their teaching have changed over time. Academic librarians who had at least one year of library teaching experience and who had been actively involved in library instruction within the past two years completed the online survey. Participants were asked a series of questions, the majority of which were open-ended, about the types of instruction-related activities in which they presently and previously engaged, if/how their views of their instructional work and their instructional roles had changed over time, what experiences had been particularly influential in their teaching, and if they identified as teachers. The responses were analyzed through manual textual coding, through which emerging themes and variations in participants’ responses were identified. These findings provide further insight into academic librarians’ ongoing teacher development and their experiences as teaching librarians. Fuller understandings of this development and experiences can inform professional development and communities of practice in which librarians foster a sense of agency, confidence, responsiveness, and purpose in their teaching, cultivate and sustain meaningful teaching practices, and prevent burnout.
Spherical Visibility Sampling (2013)

Abstract Many 3D scenes (e.g. generated from CAD data) are composed of a multitude of objects that are nested in each other. A showroom, for instance, may contain multiple cars and every car has a gearbox with many gearwheels located inside. Because the objects occlude each other, only few are visible from outside. We present a new technique, Spherical Visibility Sampling (SVS), for real‐time 3D rendering of such – possibly highly complex – scenes. SVS exploits the occlusion and annotates hierarchically structured objects with directional visibility information in a preprocessing step. For different directions, the directional visibility encodes which objects of a scene's region are visible from the outside of the regions' enclosing bounding sphere. Since there is no need to store a separate view space subdivision as in most techniques based on preprocessed visibility, a small memory footprint is achieved. Using the directional visibility information for an interactive walkthrough, the potentially visible objects can be retrieved very efficiently without the need for further visibility tests. Our evaluation shows that using SVS allows to preprocess complex 3D scenes fast and to visualize them in real time (e.g. a Power Plant model and five animated Boeing 777 models with billions of triangles). Because SVS does not require hardware support for occlusion culling during rendering, it is even applicable for rendering large scenes on mobile devices.
Non-apneic snoring and the orthodontist: the effectiveness of mandibular advancement splints (2004)

Use of a MAS improves snoring incidence and sleep quality in most patients with non-apneic snoring.
Object-based image editing (2002)

We introduce Object-Based Image Editing (OBIE) for real-time animation and manipulation of static digital photographs. Individual image objects (such as an arm or nose, Figure 1) are selected, scaled, stretched, bent, warped or even deleted (with automatic hole filling ) - at the object, rather than the pixel level - using simple gesture motions with a mouse. OBIE gives the user direct, local control over object shape, size, and placement while dramatically reducing the time required to perform image editing tasks.Object selection is performed by manually collecting (subobject) regions detected by a watershed algorithm. Objects are tessellated into a triangular mesh, allowing shape modification to be performed in real time using OpenGL's texture mapping hardware.Through the use of anchor points, the user is able to interactively perform editing operations on a whole object, or just part(s) of an object - including moving, scaling, rotating, stretching, bending, and deleting. Indirect manipulation of object shape is also provided through the use of sliders and Bezier curves. Holes created by movement are filled in real-time based on surrounding texture.When objects stretch or scale, we provide a method for preserving texture granularity or scale. We also present a texture brush, which allows the user to "paint" texture into different parts of an image, using existing image texture(s).OBIE allows the user to perform interactive, high-level editing of image objects in a few seconds to a few ten's of seconds