gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interference by Entomopathogenic and Fungivorous Nematodes of Root Invasion by Plant-parasitic Nematodes (1996)

Six species of entomopathogenic nematodes and a fungivorous nematode, Aphelenchus avenae, were tested for their effects on root invasion of Meloidogyne incognita and Pratylenchus coffeae. The beneficial nematodes were applied before, at the same time, or after the inoculation of plant nematodes onto Agrobacterium-transformed cucumber hairy roots in a petri dish or onto seedlings in pots. All beneficial nematodes tested were more or less suppressive to root invasion by plant nematodes. In particular, both Steinernema carpocapsae and A. avenae reduced the root invasion by 97% on agar plate with 1×104 mematodes and 76% in sterilized soil with 1× 106 dose level. Steinernema sp. from Malaysia, S. anomali, S. glaseri, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, and A. avenae were most effective following simultaneous application with plant nematodes. These were mostly cruiser-type nematodes, whereas S. carpocapsae and S. kushidai, typical ambusher-type foragers, gave the best results by preapplication. Pratylenchus coffeae was generally more susceptible to other nematodes than M. incognita. In nonautoclaved soil, the effect of beneficial nematodes was not so marked as in autoclaved soil. Jan. J. Nematol. 26 (1/2): 1-11 (1996).
Extraction of <i>Escherichia coli</i> proteins with organic solvents prior to two‐dimensional electrophoresis (1999)

This chapter contains sections titled: References
A high <i>di/dt</i> 4H-SiC thyristor with ‘ -shaped’ n-base (2019)

Abstract A high di/dt 4H-SiC thyristor with ‘ -shaped’ n-base is proposed and investigated by simulation. Unlike the conventional SiC thyristors, the proposed SiC thyristor features a lightly-highly-lightly doped (‘ -shaped’) n-base. By modulating the concentration difference of the top p + -n emitter junction its injection efficiency increases. An extra electric field is induced by the existence of an abrupt high-low junction in n-base to force the transit of holes and therefore reduce the recombination. As a result, the turn-on time and turn-on di/dt of the new SiC thyristor are 145 ns and 948 A/cm 2 / μ s, respectively, which are reduced by approximately 72% and increased by approximately 400% compared to conventional SiC thyristors (turn-on time is 514 ns and di/dt is 188 A/cm 2 / μ s).
Spreading Code Optimization and Adaptation in CDMA Via Discrete Stochastic Approximation (2004)

The aim of this paper is to develop discrete stochastic approximation algorithms that adaptively optimize the spreading codes of users in a code-division multiple-access (CDMA) system employing linear minimum mean-square error (MMSE) receivers. The proposed algorithms are able to adapt to slowly time-varying channel conditions. One of the most important properties of the algorithms is their self-learning capability-they spend most of the computational effort at the global optimizer of the objective function. Tracking analysis of the adaptive algorithms is presented together with mean-square convergence. An adaptive-step-size algorithm is also presented for optimally adjusting the step size based on the observations. Numerical examples, illustrating the performance of the algorithms in multipath fading channels, show substantial improvement over heuristic algorithms.
Impact of Discontinuing a Hospital-Based Air Ambulance Service on Trauma Patient Outcomes (2002)

Discontinuation of a hospital-based air ambulance service did not increase transport time or increase mortality for trauma patients.
Establishment of the human BSMZ breast cancer cell line, which overexpresses the erbB-2 and c-myc genes. (1992)

A new cell line, designated BSMZ, was established from a malignant pleural effusion from a woman with breast cancer. This line has a doubling time of 27 h and has now been cultured for over 120 passages. The large, rounded BSMZ cells grow as both a monolayer and as aggregations in suspension. Intracytoplasmic lumen, a finding consistent with results from cells derived from mammary tissue, was detected on ultrastructural analysis. Injection of BSMZ cells into nude mice resulted in the growth of solid tumors 4 weeks after inoculation. The solid tumor was identical to the original BSMZ cells in microscopic and electron microscopic studies. These cells possess an average of 80 chromosomes. Expression of erbB-2 and c-myc genes was increased by 10-fold, while there was no detectable overexpression of the N-ras and c-myb genes. Southern analysis has revealed amplification of the erbB-2 and c-myc loci. The BSMZ cell line may therefore provide a useful model for the study of human breast cancer and overexpression of the erbB-2 gene.
Deterministic - Stochastic Subspace Identification for Bridges (2007)

System identification for structural engineering has received significant attention in the last thirty years. With the ever increasing capacity of computing technology, system identification has been applied to important structures such as bridges and aircraft. In the case of bridges, the output can easily be measured by accelerometers. Considerable research in system identification on bridges has been done using output-only models. Of course, it is difficult to measure the inputs on an in-service bridge. In this paper, we see how the inputs can be estimated from the output measurements. We then use an input-output model to develop an improved system identification technique for identifying bridges. We show that the proposed method using the estimated inputs yields superior identification in a simulated case (i.e., where everything is controlled). We then use the method on the in-service Walnut Creek Bridge located on the north-bound lanes of U.S. Interstate I-35 between Dallas, TX and Oklahoma City, OK.
Detecting specific nucleic acid sequences under challenging but potentially useful circumstances (2010)

Charles Cantor, Chief Scientific Officer, Sequenom, Inc. and Professor, Biomedical Engineering, Boston University and Professor of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Boston University, presented a lecture on Tuesday, November 9, 2010, 11:00AM in Room 1116E of the Klaus auditorium on the Georgia Tech Campus.
Chain conformation in molten and solid polystyrene and polyethylene by low-angle neutron scattering (1976)

Abstract Measurements of radius of gyration, <S2>½and persistence length of polymer molecules in bulk atactic polystyrene have been made by low-angle neutron scattering (LANS) from dilute solutions of protonated polystyrene (PSH) in a deuterated polystyrene (PSD) matrix. The measured values of <S2>½ lie close to those measured in θ solvents and have a molecular weight dependence of M½ + ε = 0.04 ± 0.04. The molecular configuration agrees closely with that of a random coil with a persistence length ∼ 10 Å. These measurements support the model of an unperturbed Gaussian coil in which the distribution of chain segments is random above ∼ 20 Å. Measurements of <S2>½ throughout the glass transition region indicate that the overall conformation of the polymer chain does not change on heating through this region. Chain conformation in molten polyethylene has been measured by (LANS) from dilute solutions of (PED) molecules in a protonated polyethylene (PEH) matrix, and PEH molecules in a PED matrix. The measured values of radii of gyration can be expressed as<S2>½ = k = M½ w with k = 0.63 ±w 0.15, compared to a value of k = 0.45 ± w 0.03. in θ solvent. Thus chain dimensions in the melt appear to again be close to those found in θ solvents. The measurements revealed a tendency to separation (clustering) between PEH and PED molecules, though this tendency is small in the liquid state and does not significantly affect the above result. However, the tendency to clustering is much greater in the solid state and special care is necessary to avoid it. The implications of these findings on recent IR studies of chain reentry in lamallae are discussed.
AXISYMMETRIC, NONSTATIONARY BLACK HOLE MAGNETOSPHERES: REVISITED (2015)

An axisymmetric, stationary, general-relativistic, electrodynamic engine model of an active galactic nucleus was formulated by Macdonald and Thorne that consisted of a supermassive black hole surrounded by a plasma magnetosphere and a magnetized accretion disk. Based on this initial formulation, a nonstationary, force-free version of their model was constructed by Park & Vishniac (PV), with the simplifying assumption that the poloidal component of the magnetic field line velocity be confined along the radial direction in cylindrical polar coordinates. In this paper, we derive the new, nonstationary "Transfield Equation," which was not specified in PV. If we can solve this "Transfield Equation" numerically, then we will understand the axisymmetric, nonstationary black hole magnetosphere in more rigorous ways.
Targeted removal of the mu switch region from mouse hybridoma cells. A test of its role in gene expression in the endogenous IgH locus (1995)

The switch regions adjoining the DNA encoding the Ig heavy chain constant regions have been implicated in gene expression as well as isotype switching, in that transgenic mice express switch-containing transgenes at a level 100- to 1000-fold higher than the corresponding switch-deleted transgenes. To test whether the switch region of the natural IgH locus is also required for high level expression we have used homologous recombination to generate targeted recombinant hybridoma cell lines that lack the switch region sequences from the major intron of the mu gene. The expression pattern of these switch knock-out cell lines was compared with that of the parental cell line as well as to that of control recombinants using both steady-state mRNA level and nuclear run-on activity to assess heavy chain gene expression. In striking contrast with the results reported for transgenic animals, we have found only a minimal effect, if any, of deleting the switch element from the natural chromosomal location.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleosides. Part 56. Aminolysis of Carbamates of Adenosine and Cytidine. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Mechanism of Phenolic Polymer Dissolution:  A New Perspective (1997)

The function of common, positive tone photoresist materials is based on radiation-induced modulation of the dissolution rate of phenolic polymer films in aqueous base. The process through which novolac and other low molecular weight phenolic polymers undergo dissolution is examined from a new perspective in which the “average degree of ionization” of the polymer is regarded as the principal factor that determines the rate of dissolution rather than a diffusive, transport process. This perspective has been coupled with a probabilistic model that provides an explanation for the dependence of the dissolution rate on molecular weight, base concentration, added salts, residual casting solvent, and the addition of “dissolution inhibitors”. It predicts the observed minimum base concentration below which dissolution is no longer observed, and it predicts a molecular weight dependence of that phenomenon. A series of experiments was designed to test this predicted molecular weight response. The results of these experiments are in good agreement with the predicted response.
Slow-light enhanced backward second-harmonic generation in a lithium niobate photonic crystal (2010)

We obtain greatly enhanced conversion efficiencies of backward second-harmonic generation by exploiting small group velocities at phase matching in a two-dimensional quadratically nonlinear photonic crystal. The efficiencies obtained from a modal approach are rigorously confirmed.
Meta-analysis of sentinel lymph node biopsy after preoperative chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer (2005)

SLNB is a reliable tool for planning treatment after preoperative chemotherapy.
<title>Feasibility of damage detection of Tsing Ma Bridge using vibration measurements</title> (2000)

In this paper, we study the feasibility of vibration-based damage identification methods for the instrumented Tsing Ma Suspension Bridge with a main span of 1377 m. Emphasis is placed on how to deal with the noise-corrupted/uncertain measurement data and how to use the series data from the on- line monitoring system for damage detection. Numerical simulation studies of using the noisy series measurement modal data for damage occurrence detection with the auto-associative neural network and for damage localization with the probabilistic neural network are presented. Five neural network based novelty detectors using only natural frequencies of the intact and damaged structure are first developed for the detection of damage occurrence in the Tsing Ma Bridge. The noisy/uncertain measurement data are produced by polluting the analytical natural frequencies with random noise. Numerical simulations of a series of damage scenarios show that when the maximum frequency change caused by damage exceeds a certain threshold, the occurrence of damage can be unambiguously flagged with the novelty detectors. A probabilistic neural network using noisy modal data (natural frequencies and incomplete modal vectors) is then constructed for the localization of damage occurring at the Tsing Ma Bridge deck. The main-span deck is divided into 16 segments and the damage in each segment is defined as a pattern class. The analytical modal data for each pattern class are artificially corrupted with random noise and then used as training samples to establish a three-layer probabilistic neural network for damage localization. A preliminary investigation shows that the damage to deck members can be localized only when the level of the corrupted noise is low.
Resolution limits and process latitude of comformable contact nano-lithography (2007)

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2007.
DIFFERENT GLYCEMIC RESPONSES OF CEREALS DUE TO GLUCOSE DISAPPEARANCE, NOT GLUCOSE APPEARANCE IN PLASMA (2003)

More than 20 years ago the concept of glycemic index (GI) was introduced to rank foods based on their postprandial glycemic response although to our knowledge no study has quantified the plasma glucose kinetics of common, commercially available foods using the GI protocol. PURPOSE To investigate the plasma glucose kinetics of two common breakfast cereals. METHODS After an overnight fast, the glycemic and insulinemic responses and plasma glucose kinetics, as measured by constant-rate infusion of [6,6-2H2] glucose, were determined for Corn Flakes (CF, ·Kellogg's) and All-Bran (AB, ·Kellogg's) in six men for 180-min after meal ingestion. Both meals provided 50 g of available carbohydrate. RESULTS The GI of AB was lower than CF (55.7 vs. 129.3, AB vs. CF) as was the glucose area under the curve (90.4 ± 13.8 vs 190.1 ± 38.9 mM·min, AB vs. CF, p < 0.05). Interestingly, differences in the glycemic response occurred despite no difference in the rate of appearance of glucose (Ra glucose) throughout the trial (non-significant, NS). The postprandial increase in plasma insulin concentration occurred earlier in AB compared to CF and resulted in a 76% higher plasma insulin concentration at 20 min postprandial (20.4 ± 4.5 vs. 11.6 ± 2.1 μU/mL., AB vs. CF, p < 0.05). The earlier increase in plasma insulin concentration in AB was associated with a 31% higher rate of disappearance of glucose (Rd glucose) in AB compared to CF during the 30–60 min postprandial period (28.7 ± 3.1 vs. 21.9 ± 3.1 μmol/kg/min, AB vs. CF, p < 0.05). There were no further differences in Rd glucose between cereals (NS). CONCLUSION The lower glycemic response in AB was not due to a lower Ra glucose. Instead, the lowered glycemic response in AB was due to a transiently higher Rd glucose during the 30–60 min postprandial period, in association with an earlier and marked insulin response during the initial 20-min postprandial period.
Bile Acids and Bile Salts: Ionization and Solubility Properties (1984)

The number, position and orientation of nuclear OH substituents profoundly influence the equilibrium solubilities of undissociated bile acids in water. Estimates from several studies range from 5 X 10(-8) for lithocholic acid to 1.6 X 10(-3) M for ursocholic acid at 37 degrees C. Fully dissociated sodium bile salts are extremely soluble in water, attaining values as high as 1 to 2 M. However, ionized unconjugated bile salts are appreciably less soluble than their glycine and taurine conjugates. In contrast to aqueous solutions of typical soaps and detergents, aqueous bile salt systems in concentrations beyond the micellar phase limit exhibit no liquid-crystalline phases. The critical micellar temperatures of the common di- and trihydroxy bile salts lie below 0 degree C, hence most bile salts form micelles at all ambient temperatures. With many monohydroxy and certain uncommon dihydroxy bile salts, the critical micellar temperatures lie above body temperature, and a micellar phase is observed only at temperatures in excess of 50 degrees C. The pKa' values of aqueous micellar concentrations of bile salts are influenced by the nuclear substituents, the state of conjugation and bile salt concentration. In contrast, the intrinsic thermodynamic pK'a values of all monocarboxylated bile salts in monomeric solution are similar, are not influenced by nuclear substituents and are equivalent to that expected for propionic acid (pKa' approximately 4.8 to 5.0). These values can be deduced by extrapolation from acidimetric titrations of bile salts in aqueous methanol mixtures or from acidometric aqueous titration of the carboxylate groups of pansulfated bile salts which remain water soluble when the ionic group of the side chain is protonated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Crystal structure of N-(2-(aminoethyl)pyridyl)(salicylaldiminato)- copper(II) Perchlorate dimer, [Cu(C14H13N2O)]2(ClO4)2 (2003)

Crystal structure of A^2-(aminoethyl)pyridyl)(salicylaldiminato)copper(II) Perchlorate dimer, [Cu(Ci4Hi3N 2 0)] 2 (C104)2 Table 1. Data collection and handling.
Congenital Giant Arteriovenous Malformation in a 31 - Year-old Male (1991)

In this case presentation we report the history of a 31-year-old male suffering from a congenital giant arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the neck and the right chest wall over the course of 12 years. This vascular tumor was fed by dilated arteries, branches of the right external carotid, and both subclavian arteries. The first therapeutic procedure was an isolated ligation of the draining arteries, which was not successful as angiography showed two years later. As the patient rejected any further therapy, the enormous growing tumor was again treated 9 years later. At this time an interdisciplinary management involving radiologists and surgeons was arranged. Superselective embolization preceding surgical radical tumor resection was performed. After a follow-up period of almost 1 year no further signs of progression were seen, except the postsurgical embolization of one collateral external carotid branch and a beginning skin necrosis which was to be expected. However, recently progression has become evident, but the patient has refused further treatment.
Assembly of Binary Colloidal Structures via Specific Biological Adhesion (2000)

We present a novel approach to the fabrication of binary colloidal materials where specific biomolecular cross-linking drives the self-assembly of bidisperse colloidal suspensions. In particular, we have employed low-affinity immune system carbohydrate-selectin interactions to mediate the heterotypic assembly of binary colloidal structures. Using small (0.94 μm) and larger (5.5 μm) diameter particles coated with complementary chemistry, we show that a progressive series of structures, such as colloidal micelles (a large particle coated with smaller particles), colloidal clusters, rings, and elongated chains, can be made by decreasing the number fraction, NA/NB, of small (A) to large (B) particles (200 ≥ NA/NB ≥ 2) at low total volume fraction (φΤ = 10-4−10-3). The assembly is due to specific molecular interactions, as control experiments in which the molecules are blocked or eliminated do not lead to the assembly of these structures. The size of the structures can be modulated by time or total volume fraction. Currently, our methods employ high molecular surface densities, such that the structures result from kinetically trapped, diffusion-limited assembly. Ultimately, with the ability to control the strength of the interaction (using different chemistries and molecular surface densities) as well as the lengths of the molecular tethering arms, particle number densities, and physical properties of the colloidal components, this colloidal assembly driven by specific interactions should yield new materials with many potential technological applications including optical filters, sensors, and separation media.
Ocean chemistry of the fossil fuel CO<sub>2</sub> signal: The haline signal of “business as usual” (1997)

The increasing fossil fuel CO 2 signal in surface ocean waters, superimposed upon the natural background, has now reached the level of about 2mg kg −1 , and thus, if we were to conceive of this as a separate signal, it has become a new component of the salinity of sea water in its own right. By the year 2100, under the IPCC “Business as Usual” scenario, the fossil fuel signal will exceed in mass the contributions of fluoride, boron, or strontium ions to the salinity of the surface ocean waters, and will reduce the pre‐industrial carbonate iron concentration by about 55%. However the net effect of this massive chemical transfer to the ocean has not been to cause a haline contraction, but to increase the volume of the ocean by about 330 × 10 9 m³ today. The water flux from fossil combustion, of about 10.5 × 10 9 m³ yr −1 , adds to this volume change.
A new fluorimetric method for the determination of formaldehyde in air based on the liquid droplet sampling technique (2001)

A new, simple, sensitive, selective and in-field fluorimetric method for the determination of formaldehyde is proposed. The reaction of formaldehyde with hydralazine in acidic medium, heating on a boiling water-bath for 25 min, produces s-triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazine (Tri-P). The fluorescence intensity of the product formed (Tri-P) was determined at lambda em = 389 nm with lambda ex = 236 nm. The fluorescence intensity is linear over a formaldehyde concentration range of 1.2-33.0 micrograms l-1. The proposed method was applied successfully to the determination of formaldehyde sampled from the atmosphere using the liquid droplet technique. Formaldehyde vapour in a wind tunnel was produced by a mean of permeater. A linear curve was obtained between the concentration in the wind tunnel and that in the droplet. The detection limit for formaldehyde was 2.0 micrograms l-1 with RSDs varying from 3 to 12% in ambient air, using a droplet correction solution (boric acid and hydralazine). The effect of interfering substances on the determination shows that most cations and anions did not interfere. The results obtained were satisfactory compared with a reference method.