gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toxicity of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> variety <i>israelensis</i> against tipulid larvae (1992)

Abstract Sporulated cultures of Bacillus thuringiensis variety israelensis strain IPS82 proved to be toxic for field collected as well as for laboratory‐reared tipulid larvae (leatherjackets). After spores and crystals were separated by density gradient centrifugation it was shown that toxicity was essentially confined to the parasporal crystals. High pH in the midgut of the tipulid larva required for the primary step in the pathogenesis of B. thuringiensis var. israelensis , e.g. the solubilization of crystals, was demonstrated by colouring of the gut with the pH‐indicator thymolblue. Definite evidence for toxicity of at least one of the B. thuringiensis var. israelensis crystal proteins for tipulid larvae was obtained by cloning and expression of the gene that encoding a crystal protein of Mr 128.000. Bioassays demonstrated that Escherichia coli recombinants carrying this gene were toxic for L 1 larvae of Tipula oleracea. Zusammenfassung Zur Toxizität von Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis gegenüber Tipulidenlarven Sporenkulturen von Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis , Stamm IPS82 erwiesen sich sowohl gegenüber im Freiland gesammelten als auch gegenüber im Labor gezüchteten Tipulidenlarven als toxisch. Nachdem Sporen und Kristalle durch Dichtegradienten‐Zentrifugation getrennt wurden, konnte nachgewiesen werden, daß die toxische Wirkung überwiegend auf die parasporalen Kristalle beschränkt ist. Der hohe pH‐Wert im Mitteldarm der Tipulidenlarven, der erforderlich ist, um den ersten Schritt der Pathogenese von B. thuringiensis var. israelensis auszulösen, nämlich die Auflösung der Kristalle, konnte durch Anfärben des Darms mit dem pH‐Indikator Thymolblau nachgewiesen werden. Der definitive Nachweis für die Toxizität von mindestens einem Kristallprotein von B. thuringiensis var. israelensis gegenüber Tipulidenlarven konnte durch Klonierung und Genmanifestierung für das Kristallprotein Mr 128.000 erbracht werden. In Versuchen konnte gezeigt werden, daß Escherichia coli Rekombinanten, die dieses Gen tragen, toxisch für L 1 ‐Larven von Tipula oleracea waren.
Microwave Dielectric Properties of On-Chip Liquid Films (2006)

A microwave characterization method for on-chip liquid film dielectric property measurement is developed. Microstrip-line based on-chip test structures are fabricated to characterize the microwave dielectric properties of various on-chip liquid films: DI water and binary mixtures of DI water with glucose and ethanol. The obtained microwave dielectric properties are presented in Cole-Cole diagrams, which show general frequency dependence similar to that of bulk liquids. Different concentration levels of glucose and ethanol show different microwave dielectric responses. Therefore, on-chip microwave dielectric spectroscopy provides a promising and inexpensive on-chip sensing mechanism for biomedical and chemical applications
Finite Quantum Electrodynamics: A Field Theory Using an Indefinite Metric (1965)

A finite relativistic field theory of quantum electrodynamics is formulated; the theory involves as an essential element the use of an indefinite metric to remove the divergences. Two auxiliary fermion fields with anticommutation relations of opposite sign from the normal fermion field (electron) are coupled with the electron to the electromagnetic field in such a manner that any matrix element, calculated by a perturbation expansion, is finite. Although the new Lagrangian is not explicitly gauge invariant, the electromagnetic field is quantized by a method that yields a propagator in the true Landau gauge, and it is shown that this is sufficient to insure that the physical vector particles are zero-mass transverse quanta (i.e., photons). The physical electron mass and the fine-structure constant are put into the theory, leaving only the masses of the two auxiliary fields as parameters. The effects of mass and charge renormalization are calculated (the former using a technique involving a Taylor expansion in the mass), and are required to be small so that there is no explicit contradiction to the validity of the perturbation expansion. The anomalous magnetic moment of the electron and the differential and total cross sections for Compton scattering are calculated and compared with experiment. A range of the auxiliary mass parameters is found for which the predictions agree with experiment and for which the expansion criteria are satisfied. Thus, a finite quantum electrodynamics is accomplished.
Wide Angle Fundus Contact Lens (1970)

MODERN slit lamps permit every ophthalmologist to examine the fundus with a Hruby lens<sup>1</sup>or Goldmann's plano concave contact lens.<sup>2</sup>The fundus area surveyed is only a few disc diameters large. Orientation improves only with an increase of field which is one particular attraction of indirect ophthalmoscopy. It would seem superfluous to attempt the same with biomicroscopy were it not for turbid media, especially blood or exudate in the vitreous. In this instance, the Tyndall phenomenon of a strong coaxial beam obscures the target area. Lateral or illumination from below with a slit lamp beam, however, illuminates this point of regard without interference. Wide angle contact lenses deserve attention for this particular reason, notwithstanding the upright imagery and good magnification with stereopsis.<sup>3,4</sup> This particular contact lens (J. Marie, Canadian Contact Lens Laboratories, Montreal) permits a wide angle view of the fundus because of a concave front surface
Impact of compressive hold on out‐of‐phase thermomechanical fatigue crack growth in <scp>IN</scp> 718 (2017)

Abstract Accurate characterization and understanding of the fatigue crack growth behaviour of components in jet turbine engines is critical for successfully using a damage tolerant design method to maximise safety and efficiency. The hot section components experience changing loads and temperatures, and hence, fatigue crack growth rates are typically studied under thermomechanical loading. One question that remains unclear is the role of the compressive holds that are often part of an aircraft loading‐temperature spectrum. This experimental study was undertaken to investigate a turbine disk alloy, Inconel 718, subjected to different cycling and temperature profiles considering different lengths of hot compressive holds to determine its effect on the fatigue crack growth rate. It was found that the addition of a compressive hold at temperatures from 650 to 725 °C has no significant impact on the fatigue crack growth rate when compared with a cycle without a compressive hold. Fractographic analysis shows that crack growth is primarily transgranular in all cases studied suggesting that grain boundary oxidation, often observed during hot tensile holds, is insignificant.
Primary human muscle precursor cells obtained from young and old donors produce similar proliferative, differentiation and senescent profiles in culture (2013)

The myogenic behaviour of primary human muscle precursor cells (MPCs) obtained from young (aged 20-25 years) and elderly people (aged 67-82 years) was studied in culture. Cells were compared in terms of proliferation, DNA damage, time course and extent of myogenic marker expression during differentiation, fusion, size of the formed myotubes, secretion of the myogenic regulatory cytokine TGF-β1 and sensitivity to TGF-β1 treatment. No differences were observed between cells obtained from the young and elderly people. The cell populations were expanded in culture until replicative senescence. Cultures that maintained their initial proportion of myogenic cells (desmin positive) with passaging (n = 5) were studied and compared with cells from the same individuals in the non-senescent state. The senescent cells exhibited a greater number of cells with DNA damage (γ-H2AX positive), showed impaired expression of markers of differentiation, fused less well, formed smaller myotubes and secreted more TGF-β. The data strongly suggest that MPCs from young and elderly people have similar myogenic behaviour.
First‐Year<i>Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe</i>(<i>WMAP</i>) Observations: Interpretation of the TT and TE Angular Power Spectrum Peaks (2003)

The CMB has distinct peaks in both its temperature angular power spectrum (TT) and temperature-polarization cross-power spectrum (TE). From the WMAP data we find the first peak in the temperature spectrum at l = 220.1 +- 0.8 with an amplitude of 74.7 +- 0.5 microK; the first trough at l = 411.7 +- 3.5 with an amplitude of 41.0 +- 0.5 microK; and the second peak at l = 546 +- 10 with an amplitude of 48.8 +- 0.9 microK. The TE spectrum has an antipeak at l = 137 +- 9 with a cross-power of -35 +- 9 microK^2, and a peak at l = 329 +- 19 with cross-power 105 +- 18 microK^2. All uncertainties are 1 sigma and include calibration and beam errors. An intuition for how the data determine the cosmological parameters may be gained by limiting one's attention to a subset of parameters and their effects on the peak characteristics. We interpret the peaks in the context of a flat adiabatic LambdaCDM model with the goal of showing how the cosmic baryon density, Omega_b h^2, matter density, Omega_m h^2, scalar index, n_s, and age of the universe are encoded in their positions and amplitudes. To this end, we introduce a new scaling relation for the TE antipeak-to-peak amplitude ratio and recompute known related scaling relations for the TT spectrum in light of the WMAP data. From the scaling relations, we show that WMAP's tight bound on Omega_b h^2 is intimately linked to its robust detection of the first and second peaks of the TT spectrum.
Design and Performance Evaluation of a Remote Catheter Navigation System (2009)

A novel remote catheter navigation system has been developed to reduce physical stress and irradiation to the interventionalist during fluoroscopic X-ray guided catheter intervention. The unique teleoperated design of this system allows the interventionalist to apply conventional axial and radial motion, as used in current practice, to an input catheter placed in a radiation-safe location to control a second catheter placed inside the procedure room. A catheter sensor (used to measure motion of the input catheter) and a catheter manipulator (used to manipulate the second catheter) are both presented. Performance evaluation of the system was assessed by first conducting bench-top experiments to quantify accuracy and precision of both sensed and replicated motion, and then conducting two experiments to evaluate the latency from sensed to replicated motion. The first study consisted of replicating motions of prescribed motion trajectories, while the second study utilized eight operators to remotely navigate a catheter through a normal carotid model. The results show the system has the ability to sense and replicate motion to within 1 mm and 1 ( degrees ) in the axial and radial directions, respectively. Remote catheter manipulation was found to be operator dependent and occurred under 300 ms. Future applications of this technology are then presented.
Cartographie de champ dans des structures optiques intégrées sur silicium par microscopie optique de champ proche interférentielle hétérodyne (2006)

International audience
Cytotoxic Ceanothane- and Lupane-Type Triterpenoids from the Roots of <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> (2016)

Ziziphus jujuba, a plant in the family Rhamnaceae, is used in several Asian countries as a food and traditional medicine. Fifteen new ceanothane-type (1-15) and three new lupane-type triterpenoids (16-18) were isolated from the roots of Z. jujuba, as well as 12 previously known triterpenoids (19-30). Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic and HR mass spectrometric data analysis. Compounds 12 and 13 were found to possess a rare E-ring γ-lactone structure, and 14 was assigned as the first 2,28-dinorlupane derivative isolated as a natural product. Twenty-five of the isolates were examined for cytotoxicity against human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells, and compounds 6-8, 14, 17, 23, 25, 29, and 30 showed cytotoxicity with IC50 values ranging from 1.9 to 5.9 μM.
Localization of Access Points Based on Signal Strength Measured by a Mobile User Node (2014)

The issue of locating access points (APs) in a building is investigated in detail in this paper. The signal strength of beacon frames from a selected AP is measured at multiple positions, and the location of the selected AP is estimated based on the distance information inferred from the measured signal strength and a modified version of the Hata-Okumara model. A strategy is proposed to select three measurement points to improve localization accuracy for a selected target AP when signal strength is measured at multiple positions. The accuracy of the proposed scheme is evaluated through experiment.
Prognostic implications of differences in telomere length between normal and malignant cells from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia measured by flow cytometry (2000)

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal, multilineage myeloproliferative disorder characterized by the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) and a marked expansion of myeloid cells. Previous studies have indicated that the telomere length in blood cells may indicate their replicative history. However, the large variation in telomere length between individuals complicates the use of this parameter in CML and other hematologic disorders. To circumvent this problem, we compared the telomere length in peripheral blood or bone marrow cells with purified normal (Ph(-)) T lymphocytes from the same CML patient using fluorescence in situ hybridization and flow cytometry. Overall telomere fluorescence was significantly reduced in Ph(+) cells from patients with CML compared to blood leukocytes from normal individuals (P < 0.001) or normal (Ph(-)) T lymphocytes from the same individuals (n = 51, P < 0.001). Cells from patients in accelerated phase or blast phase (AP/BP) showed significantly shorter average telomere length than cells from patients in chronic phase (CP, P = 0.02) or cytogenetic remission (CR, P = 0.03). Patients in CP who subsequently developed BP within 2 years had significantly shorter telomeres than those who did not develop BP for at least 2 years (P < 0.05). Accelerated replication-dependent telomere shortening in Ph(+ )versus Ph(-) leukocytes supports previous evidence that Ph(+) stem cells cycle more actively than their counterparts in normal individuals. Our data further suggest that telomere shortening may serve as a surrogate marker of disease progression in patients with CP CML, supporting a mechanistic link between CML stem cell turnover, genetic instability, and malignant evolution in this disease. (Blood. 2000;95:1883-1890) (Blood. 2000;95:1883-1890)
Experimental Verification of the Spectral Shift between Near- and Far-Field Peak Intensities of Plasmonic Infrared Nanoantennas (2013)

Theory predicts a distinct spectral shift between the near- and far-field optical response of plasmonic antennas. Here we combine near-field optical microscopy and far-field spectroscopy of individual infrared-resonant nanoantennas to verify experimentally this spectral shift. Numerical calculations corroborate our experimental results. We furthermore discuss the implications of this effect in surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy.
DETECTION OF PERIVASCULAR BLOOD FLOW <i>IN VIVO</i> BY CONTRAST‐ENHANCED INTRACORONARY ULTRASONOGRAPHY AND IMAGE ANALYSIS: AN ANIMAL STUDY (2007)

1. Acute coronary syndromes are mostly the result of coronary plaque rupture. Diagnostic techniques focusing on the early detection of those plaques that are prone to rupture are still limited. Increased neovascularization in the adventitia and within the atherosclerotic plaque have recently been identified as common features of inflammation and plaque vulnerability. Contrast-enhanced intravascular imaging with microbubbles can be used to trace perfusion. 2. In the present study, we examined the perivascular network of the left anterior descending coronary arteries and left circumflex arteries of four domestic, clinically healthy pigs using intracoronary ultrasound after injection of microbubbles with a differential imaging technique (ACES; Computational Biomedicine Laboratory, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA). Our aim was to detect blood flow into the coronary lumen and perivascular flow in contrast-enhanced images. Eleven regions of interest (ROI), including perivascular structures, were compared with regard to their grey scale level before and after the injection of SonoVue (0.06 mL/kg; Bracco Diagnostics, Princeton, NJ, USA). 3. A statistically significant (P = 0.018) enhancement was found in the echogenicity of the total perivascular space (adventitial region and perivascular vessels), as indicated by an increase in grey level intensity from 8.33 +/- 0.80 (before) to 10.11 +/- 0.88 (after microbubble injection). A significant enhancement of the 11 selected ROI (perivascular structures) was also recorded after the injection of microbubbles (from 7.92 +/- 2.14 to 14.03 +/- 2.44; P = 0.008). 4. We believe that the detection of perivascular structures with contrast-enhanced intracoronary ultrasonography combined with proper image processing may reinforce our future efforts in the detection of vasa vasorum, an active participant in the creation of acute coronary events.
Immunity changes in confined animals: a route to disease? (1984)

An intriguing and important biological question is how the immune system is subject to regulation by exogenous factors. In the mouse system, our laboratory has demonstrated that a wide variety of environmental stimuli, such as heat, cold, short-term restraint and conditioned-taste aversions, affect cell-mediated immune events in vivo. The reduction in cell-mediated immunity that is caused by restraint can be abolished by adrenalectomy or treatment with an inhibitor of corticosterone biosynthesis. We have therefore examined the effect of a short-term restraint stressor on the immune system of pigs. Five-to-eight-week-old-pigs were restrained by placing them in an expanded-metal box for 2 h each day for 3 consecutive days. Restraint caused a significant increase in serum cortisol. Preliminary evidence indicates that restraint significantly reduced size of the thymus gland from 0.14% to 0.10% of body weight and also significantly reduced in vivo phytohemagglutinin-stimulated, cell-mediated reactions by 25%. Addition of cortisol at a concentration of 130 ng/ml to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A-stimulated porcine lymphocytes in vitro reduced mitogenesis of splenocytes, peripheral blood lymphocytes and thymocytes. Although these data reflect changes in immune function caused by an acute environmental stressor in vivo and by cortisol in vitro, research from another laboratory indicates that longer-term restriction of pigs with tethers and farrowing crates can also decrease immune events.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Induction of tyrosine phosphorylation and T-cell activation by vanadate peroxide, an inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatases (1994)

Rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of key cellular proteins is a crucial event in the transduction of activation signals to T-lymphocytes. The regulatory role of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) in this process was explored by studying the effects of a powerful PTPase inhibitor, vanadate peroxide (pervanadate), on the activation cascade of Jurkat human leukaemic T-cells. Pervanadate induced activation of the tyrosine kinases lck and fyn (4- and 3-fold respectively) and a dramatic increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins, notably phospholipase C gamma 1. After this event, we observed a rise in intracellular Ca2+ concentration, corresponding to an influx. This effect required surface expression of the CD45 PTPase and was not observed in CD45-deficient variants of Jurkat cells. In the CD45-negative variant, the effect of pervanadate on tyrosine phosphorylation was globally decreased and some phosphorylated substrates were specifically missing. Pervanadate also stimulated transcription of the c-fos gene and accumulation of its mRNA as well as several other hallmarks of T-lymphocyte activation such as surface expression of the CD69 antigen and the interleukin 2 receptor alpha-chain (CD25). Pervanadate synergized with signals delivered by T-cell antigen receptor engagement or by a phorbol ester to induce interleukin 2 production. Pervanadate activated NF-kappa B, as shown by an increase in DNA-binding activity of this transcription factor. We thus conclude that PTPases play a crucial role in the negative regulation of signal transduction culminating in T-lymphocyte activation. Moreover, induction of tyrosine phosphorylation appears sufficient per se to initiate a complete activation programme.
Diagnosis and preoperative imaging of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2: current status and future directions (2014)

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) is a rare autosomal dominant syndrome caused by mutations in the RET protooncogene and is characterized by a strong penetrance of medullary thyroid carcinoma (all subtypes) and is often accompanied by pheochromocytoma (MEN2A/2B) and primary hyperparathyroidism (MEN2A). The evaluation and management of MEN2-related tumours is often different from that of sporadic counterparts. This review article provides an overview of clinical manifestations, diagnosis and surgical management of MEN2 patients. This review also presents applications of the most up-to-date imaging modalities to MEN2 patients that are tightly linked to the clinical management and aims to guide physicians towards a rationale for the use of imaging prior to prophylactic thyroidectomy, initial surgery and reoperations for persistent/recurrent disease. This review also concludes that, in the near future, it is expected that these patients will indeed benefit from newly developed positron emission tomography approaches which will target peptide receptors and protein kinases. Identification of MEN2-specific radiopharmaceuticals will also soon arise from molecular profiling studies. Furthermore, subtotal (cortical-sparing) adrenalectomy, which is a valid option in MEN2 for avoiding long-term steroid replacement, will benefit from an accurate estimation through imaging of differential adrenocortical function.
MRI of stroke using hyperpolarized <sup>129</sup>Xe (2010)

Because there is no background signal from xenon in biological tissue, and because inhaled xenon is delivered to the brain by blood flow, we would expect a perfusion deficit, such as is seen in stroke, to reduce the xenon concentration in the region of the deficit. Thermal polarization yields negligible xenon signal relative to hyperpolarized xenon; therefore, hyperpolarized xenon can be used as a tracer of cerebral blood flow. Using a rat permanent right middle cerebral artery occlusion model, we demonstrated that hyperpolarized (129)Xe MRI is able to detect, in vivo, the hypoperfused area of focal cerebral ischemia, that is the ischemic core area of stroke. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that hyperpolarized (129)Xe MRI has been used to explore normal and abnormal cerebral perfusion. Our study shows a novel application of hyperpolarized (129)Xe MRI for imaging stroke, and further demonstrates its capacity to serve as a complementary tool to proton MRI for the study of the pathophysiology during brain hypoperfusion.
<p>Nodal Involvement Pattern in Clinical Stage IA Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer According to Tumor Location</p> (2020)

Selective lymph node dissection based on tumor location is not recommended in clinical stage ⅠA NSCLC, and systemic lymph node dissection should be performed for NSCLC with size >1 cm.