gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
n-3 Docosapentaenoic acid-derived protectin D1 promotes resolution of neuroinflammation and arrests epileptogenesis (2018)

Epilepsy therapy is based on drugs that treat the symptoms rather than the underlying mechanisms of the disease (epileptogenesis). There are no treatments for preventing seizures or improving disease prognosis, including neurological comorbidities. The search of pathogenic mechanisms of epileptogenesis highlighted that neuroinflammatory cytokines [i.e. interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor-α (Tnf-α)] are induced in human and experimental epilepsies, and contribute to seizure generation in animal models. A major role in controlling the inflammatory response is played by specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators acting on specific G-protein coupled receptors. Of note, the role that these pathways have in epileptogenic tissue remains largely unexplored. Using a murine model of epilepsy, we show that specialized pro-resolving mechanisms are activated by status epilepticus before the onset of spontaneous seizures, but with a marked delay as compared to the neuroinflammatory response. This was assessed by measuring the time course of mRNA levels of 5-lipoxygenase (Alox5) and 15-lipoxygenase (Alox15), the key biosynthetic enzymes of pro-resolving lipid mediators, versus Il1b and Tnfa transcripts and proteins. In the same hippocampal tissue, we found a similar delayed expression of two main pro-resolving receptors, the lipoxin A4 receptor/formyl peptide receptor 2 and the chemerin receptor. These receptors were also induced in the human hippocampus after status epilepticus and in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. This evidence supports the hypothesis that the neuroinflammatory response is sustained by a failure to engage pro-resolving mechanisms during epileptogenesis. Lipidomic LC-MS/MS analysis showed that lipid mediator levels apt to resolve the neuroinflammatory response were also significantly altered in the hippocampus during epileptogenesis with a shift in the biosynthesis of several pro-resolving mediator families including the n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA)-derived protectin D1. Of note, intracerebroventricular injection of this mediator during epileptogenesis in mice dose-dependently reduced the hippocampal expression of both Il1b and Tnfa mRNAs. This effect was associated with marked improvement in mouse weight recovery and rescue of cognitive deficit in the novel object recognition test. Notably, the frequency of spontaneous seizures was drastically reduced by 2-fold on average and the average seizure duration was shortened by 40% after treatment discontinuation. As a result, the total time spent in seizures was reduced by 3-fold in mice treated with n-3 DPA-derived protectin D1. Taken together, the present findings demonstrate that epilepsy is characterized by an inadequate engagement of resolution pathways. Boosting endogenous resolution responses significantly improved disease outcomes, providing novel treatment avenues.
Learning noisy characters, multiplication codes, and cryptographic hardcore predicates (2008)

We present results in cryptography, coding theory and sublinear algorithms. 
In cryptography, we introduce a unifying framework for proving that a Boolean predicate is hardcore for a one-way function and apply it to a broad family of functions and predicates, showing new hardcore predicates for well known one-way function candidates such as RSA and discrete-log as well as reproving old results in an entirely different way. Our proof framework extends the list-decoding method of Goldreich and Levin [40] for showing hardcore predicates, by introducing a new class of error correcting codes and new list-decoding algorithm we develop for these codes. 
In coding theory, we introduce a novel class of error correcting codes that we name: Multiplication codes (MPC). We develop decoding algorithms for MPC codes, showing they achieve desirable combinatorial and algorithmic properties, including: (1) binary MPC of constant distance and exponential encoding length for which we provide efficient local list decoding and local self correcting algorithms; (2) binary MPC of constant distance and polynomial encoding length for which we provide efficient decoding algorithm in random noise models; (3) binary MPC of constant rate and distance for which we provide (non polynomial time) decoding algorithm in adversarial noise model. MPC codes are unique in particular in achieving properties as above while having a large group as their underlying algebraic structure. 
In sublinear algorithms, we present the SFT algorithm for finding the sparse Fourier approximation of complex multi-dimensional signals in time logarithmic in the signal length. We also present additional algorithms for related settings, differing in the model by which the input signal is given, in the considered approximation measure, and in the class of addressed signals. The sublinear algorithms we present are central components in achieving our results in cryptography and coding theory. Reaching beyond theoretical computer science, we suggest employing our algorithms as tools for performance enhancement in data intensive applications, in particular, we suggest replacing the O(N log N)-time FFT algorithm with our Qd (log N)-time SFT algorithm for settings where a sparse approximation suffices. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Validation of a Laminated Beam Model of LIPCA Piezoelectric Actuators (2005)

This paper presents the results obtained by using a laminated beam model to predict the displacement of lightweight piezoceramic composite actuators (LIPCA) due to an applied input voltage and an applied transverse load for developmental purposes. The laminated beam model results in two primary design parameters, the actuation coefficient of a laminated beam C ulb and the bending stiffness of a laminated beam EI lb The parameter C ulb controls maximum displacement when the actuators are subjected to an applied voltage, whereas the parameter EI lb affects the displacement performance when a transverse load is applied to the actuators. The result of the laminated beam model indicates that designing to maximize C ulb and EI lb could generate LIPCA-type actuators with larger displacement and higher force. This laminated beam result is validated numerically by using a NASTRAN finite element model result and is also validated experimentally.
Concurrent versioning principles for collaboration: towards PLM for hardware and software data management (2014)

The change management (CM) and version control mechanisms used in the mechanical and software domains are presented in the product lifecycle management (PLM) and application lifecycle management (ALM) approaches, respectively. Based on their comparison, this paper discusses branching/merging concepts and utilises them to propose an evolution of the product data management (PDM) functions of PLM, thereby allowing PLM to become a collaborative platform common to software and hardware engineers. This evolution is an opportunity to develop a three-way merge tool for CAD documents. Recent works on model-merging techniques from the software development domain are evaluated in the process.
Adaptive Learning a Hidden Hypergraph (2016)

Learning a hidden hypergraph is a natural generalization of the classical group testing problem that consists in detecting unknown hypergraph $H_{un}=H(V,E)$ by carrying out edge-detecting tests. In the given paper we focus our attention only on a specific family $\mathcal{F}(t,s,\ell)$ of localized hypergraphs for which the total number of vertices $|V| = t$, the number of edges $|E|\le s$, $s\ll t$, and the cardinality of any edge $|e|\le\ell$, $\ell\ll t$. Our goal is to identify all edges of $H_{un}\in \mathcal{F}(t,s,\ell)$ by using the minimal number of tests. We provide an adaptive algorithm that matches the information theory bound, i.e., the total number of tests of the algorithm in the worst case is at most $s\ell\log_2 t(1+o(1))$.
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF PHOSPHATE ACCUMULATION BY SEA URCHIN EMBRYOS (1959)

1. The accumulation of phosphate by the eggs and embryos of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Stimpson) was analyzed by determining the action of various metabolic effectors on the uptake of P32 from sea water flowing at a constant rate over the eggs in a special perfusion chamber.2. The rate of uptake of P32 by unfertilized eggs is nearly zero. The rate for the first 7 to 30 minutes after fertilization (lag phase) is also nearly zero, but increases rapidly during the next 20 to 30 minutes (augmentation phase), and becomes maximal 22 to 60 minutes after fertilization (accumulation phase) at a level many times that of the unfertilized eggs.3. Artificial parthenogenesis, by either the single or double treatment, results in the same pattern and magnitude of uptake as does fertilization, even in the absence of cleavage.4. Phosphate accumulation is markedly inhibited by l0-4M 2,4-dinitrophenol if this agent is added during the lag phase, moderately inhibited if added during the augmentation phase, but is unaffected if added during the accumulation phase.5. Addition of 10-4M ATP simultaneously with dinitrophenol early in the lag phase does not alleviate the inhibition caused by the latter.6. ATP neither penetrates into cleaving eggs nor is hydrolyzed by an ATPase at their surface.7. 10-4M arsenate markedly inhibits P32 uptake at all times after fertilization.8. Arsenate does not materially retard early development of these sea urchin eggs indicating that it does not penetrate into them.9. P32 uptake has a temperature coefficient of 2 to 2.3 during the accumulation phase.10. The evidence resulting from the use of these effectors indicates that P32 uptake in sea urchin embryos is enzymatically controlled and that the enzymatic mechanism is located on the cell surface. The period immediately following fertilization is believed to be a time when the uptake mechanism is being established. This process appears to be dependent on phosphate bond energy, the production of which is DNP-sensitive. During the accumulation phase it is suggested that the energy requirements for the operation and maintenance of this mechanism are quantitatively much smaller, or are satisfied by phosphate bond energy the production of which is DNP-insensitive. Possible reasons for this difference in sensitivity are discussed.
Reducing Speech Noise for Patients with Dysarthria in Noisy Environments (2014)

Dysarthric speech results from damage to the central nervous system involving the articulator, which can mainly be characterized by poor articulation due to irregular sub-glottal pressure, loudness bursts, phoneme elongation, and unexpected pauses during utterances. Since dysarthric speakers have physical disabilities due to the impairment of their nervous system, they cannot easily control electronic devices. For this reason, automatic speech recognition (ASR) can be a convenient interface for dysarthric speakers to control electronic devices. However, the performance of dysarthric ASR severely degrades when there is background noise. Thus, in this paper, we propose a noise reduction method that improves the performance of dysarthric ASR. The proposed method selectively applies either a Wiener filtering algorithm or a Kalman filtering algorithm according to the result of voiced or unvoiced classification. Then, the performance of the proposed method is compared to a conventional Wiener filtering method in terms of ASR accuracy.
Teaching Small and Thinking Large: Effects of Including Social and Ethical Implications in an Interdisciplinary Nanotechnology Course (2009)

One way to ensure that social and ethical implications (SEI) of nanotechnology research are taken into consideration early in research projects is to incorporate ethical concepts into university science education. In this paper, we describe an interdisciplinary nanotechnology university science course and the ways in which the opinions of students regarding the ethical implications of nanotechnology research were influenced by the course. From an SEI perspective, there is value in scientists being aware of the need to make explicit the uncertainties that always exist in scientific and technological research and development. By the end of the class, a majority of the students felt that risks and ethical issues are not well understood by scientists working in nanomaterials, and ethical training was recommended for these scientists. Findings from this study speak to the importance of this type of interdisciplinary class in preparing students for collaborative research and making them aware of issues important to the general public who someday will become consumers of products derived from nanotechnology research.
Neutron diffraction study of hydrous phase G: Hydrogen in the lower mantle hydrous silicate, phase G (2001)

A neutron powder diffraction study was performed to determine the sites occupied by hydrogen in the structure of DHMS phase G, which is stable at the pressure‐temperature conditions of the transition zone and lower mantle. The diffraction data from small samples (about 3 mg) were collected by using a highly sensitive imaging plate detector at the BIX‐3 beamline at JRR‐3M nuclear plant in JAERI Tokai Laboratory, Japan. The present neutron diffraction data reveal that hydrogen (and deuterium) is located in the 6k site of Wykoff letter in the MO 6 layer of the phase G structure with the space group . The bond lengths of O‐H and O‐D are 1.1(4) and 0.8(3) Å, respectively. This result is consistent with previous Raman spectroscopic studies of this phase.
Anforderungen an die Qualität und Kompetenz nach DIN EN ISO 15189 im Bereich der virologischen Laboratoriumsdiagnostik. Ein Erfahrungsbericht / Requirements for quality and competence according to EN ISO 15189 for medical virological laboratory diagnostics. A field report (2007)

Zusammenfassung In der internationalen Norm DIN EN ISO 15189 (kurz ISO 15189) sind für medizinische Laboratorien besondere Anforderungen an die Qualität und Kompetenz festgelegt. Die ISO 15189 gilt für alle medizinischen Laboratorien. Sie wurde für den Bereich der Virologie durch eine gemeinsame Arbeitsgruppe der Gesellschaft für Virologie (GfV) und der Deutschen Vereinigung zur Bekämpfung der Viruskrankheiten (DVV) in Form von fachspezifischen Checklisten konkretisiert. Viele medizinische Laboratorien lassen sich im Rahmen einer Akkreditierung bestätigen, dass sie die Anforderungen der ISO 15189 erfüllen. Wesentlicher Bestandteil der Akkreditierung ist eine Begutachtung in den Laboratorien. Die Begutachtungen in der Virologie werden von Experten durchgeführt, die von der GfV benannt werden. Gründe der Laboratorien für eine Akkreditierung können sehr unterschiedlich sein. Sie reichen von der Verbesserung der internen Abläufe und Ermittlung sicherer/richtiger Untersuchungsergebnisse bis zu einer besseren Positionierung am Markt. Der Artikel stellt die Anforderungen und Probleme virusdiagnostisch tätiger Laboratorien, basierend auf der ISO 15189, als Erfahrungsbericht vor. Dabei wird auf die Infektionsserologie, die molekularbiologische Diagnostik und die Virusisolierung auf Zellkulturen eingegangen.
Packaging materials for fermented milk, part 2: solute‐induced changes and effects of material polarity and thickness on food quality (2002)

Abstract This work is a continuation of the application of a developed methodology for the selection of packaging material for a specific food product, in this case the ‘demanding’ food product: fermented milk. The effects of different packaging material parameters on the quality of fermented milk were studied. Food quality after storage was determined as a function of material polarity and pouch thickness by storing the liquid in pouches of different materials. The material polarity was varied by using laminates with polyethylene, poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl alcohol) with two different ethylene contents and an aliphatic polyketone. The effects of pouch thickness were studied using high‐density polyethylene films of different thicknesses between 25 µm and 200 µm. The interactions between the milk product and the pouch material were analysed by oxygen and water permeability, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and tensile testing. The CO 2 and O 2 contents in the headspace of the pouches were determined. The food quality was determined by measuring whey syneresis and the contents of Bifidobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, yeast and mould. A trained taste panel determined the sensory properties. The content of CO 2 , and consequently the sparkling taste, increased with increasing polarity and/or pouch thickness. The CO 2 content was affected more easily by changes in material polarity than by changes in pouch thickness. The increase in whey syneresis and the decrease in Bifidobacteria content with time were independent of material polarity and pouch thickness. The contents of Enterobacteriaceae, yeast and mould in the liquid were always below existing limits for foodstuffs. A newly developed method was used by which the CO 2 and O 2 permeabilities of the pouch/packaging could be estimated, using the kinetics of the gas composition in the pouch headspace. Permeability values, as estimated by the method, revealed that the CO 2 production and the O 2 consumption rates of the fermented milk were dependent on the CO 2 and O 2 headspace concentrations. An increase in permeability, determined by conventional methods, suggested that both the non‐polar and the polar polymers were plasticized by fermented milk. The plasticization was, however, modest and undetectable when the polyethylene tensile test data were analysed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enabling massive MIMO systems in the FDD mode thanks to D2D communications (2014)

We propose novel approaches to design feedback in FDD massive MIMO systems. We exploit synergies between massive MIMO systems and inter-user communications based on D2D. The exchange of local CSI among users, enabled by D2D communications, makes available global CSI at the terminals. Thus, we can construct more informative forms of feedback based on this shared knowledge. Two feedback variants are highlighted: 1) cooperative CSI feedback, and 2) cooperative precoder index feedback. For a given feedback overhead, the sum-rate performance is assessed and the gains compared with a conventional massive MIMO setup without D2D are shown.
Abstract PL03-05: Drugging RAS into oblivion (2015)

Abstract The two major oncogenic drivers of human cancer, RAS and MYC, have thus far proven recalcitrant toward therapeutic targeting by any small-molecule agent. WarpDrive Bio has pioneered a potentially transformational solution toward drugging such recalcitrant oncogenic drivers using multiple independently acting agents. The company's proprietary new targeting technology, the Small Molecule-Assisted Receptor Targeting modality (SMART modalityTM), has enabled WarpDrive Bio to make significant progress toward the development of multiple agents that independently target RAS in the GTP and GDP states, respectively, and that are either selective for particular mutations or engage the effector surface and are expected to function as pan-RAS antagonists. Our strategy of targeting RAS using multiple agents, each of which engages the protein in a unique way, is ultimately intended to increase the durability of patient responses to anti-RAS therapy by decreasing the probability of mutational escape. Progress toward our ultimate goal of drugging RAS-driven cancers into oblivion via RAS-directed polypharmacy will be reviewed in this talk. Citation Format: Gregory L. Verdine. Drugging RAS into oblivion. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr PL03-05.
UNTERSUCHUNG DER WIRKSTOFFE DER RUTA GRAVEOLENS II (1966)

Aus Ruta graveolens wurden die bisher nicht identifizierten Substanzen R4 und R5 nachgewiesen. In der Prüfung am Kaninchen–Ileum zeigten diese Substanzen eine spasmolytische Wirkung.
Invariance of Sound Velocity Sums in Crystals (1967)

Abstract A relation between the lattice dissociation energy D of a monatomic crystal, the atomic mass m , and a mean crystal sound velocity c s recently suggested by Fitzgerald in connection with his particle‐wave description of non‐elastic deformation in solids is reviewed. The cited relation D=m c 2 s implies that certain sound velocity sums in crystals are invariant and this is shown to be the case for crystals in which small atomic displacements can be described by linear elasticity. The proposed relation between lattice dissociation energy and a mean squared sound velocity is therefore entirely consistent with classical elasticity theory although, of course, not predicted by it.
Stochastic Driven Relational R-Tree (2003)

Abstract. Modern spatial database applications including computer-aided design (CAD), medical imaging, molecular biology, or geographical information systems (GIS) impose new requirements on spatial query processing. Particular problems arise from the design goal to use general purpose database management systems in order to guarantee industrial-strength. Recently, there has been an increasing awareness that it is indispensable to integrate stand-alone spatial index structures, e.g. R-trees or Quadtrees, into fully-fledged database systems resulting in relational index structures, e.g. Relational R-trees or Relational Quadtrees. In this paper, we introduce stochastic heuristics for the Relational R-tree which are based on the fact that the Relational R-tree allows an individual fanout for each node. This freedom from minimal and maximal fill factors of nodes, offers a wide range of potential improvements. We develop algorithms that consider the quality of the entries of a node rather than just the quantity. Our experiments clearly demonstrate the advantages of this new stochastic driven Relational R-tree compared to the Relational R*-tree. 1
Analysis of Fluid Mechanical Energy Losses in Aortic Valve Stenosis (1996)

Abstract Aortic valve stenosis occurs when the aortic valve does not open fully during systole, thus creating an obstruction to blood flow leaving the left ventricle. Maximum orifice pressure drop and valve orifice area are the primary clinical indicators of the severity of aortic stenosis. Pressure drop can be measured by catheter insertion or calculated with the modified Bernoulli equation from Doppler ultrasound velocity measurements. Unfortunately there are discrepancies between the two techniques that are often attributed to pressure recovery downstream of stenotic aortic valves [Levine et al, 1989]. The relationship between orifice pressure drop and left ventricular function is ambiguous. This has been emphasized in a recent paper by Vandervoort et al [1996], which states, “Although maximum, transvalvular, and net pressure gradients are all different gradients that physically exist, it is currently not known which of these gradients is most relevant to reflect the work load imposed on the heart”. Since it has been shown that left ventricular function has a significant effect on post-operative recovery [Ross, 1985], it is imperative that the severity of aortic valve stenosis be evaluated in terms of left ventricular work capacity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between left ventricular work and pressure drop measurements in aortic stenosis. The hypothesis that motivated this study was that the left ventricle performs work to overcome energy losses caused by aortic valve stenosis, and the pressure drop that most accurately represents this work should be used for clinical assessment of aortic stenosis.