gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diverse roles for the third complementarity determining region of the heavy chain (H3) in the binding of immunoglobulin Fv fragments to DNA, nucleosomes and cardiolipin (2000)

Autoantibodies to DNA and chromatin employ junctional diversity and somatic mutations to generate or enhance antigen recognition. To define the role of diversity generating mechanisms in the etiology of autoantibodies to nuclear antigens, the heavy (H) chain of a murine autoantibody, 3H9, was used in its somatically mutated or germ-line form in conjunction with its own or with heterologous CDR3 (H3) domains. The resulting H chains were expressed together with the 3H9 light (L) chain as single-chain Fv (scFv) in Escherichia coli and assayed for binding to DNA, nucleosomes, or cardiolipin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All recombinant scFv exhibited nearly identical binding to cardiolipin. In contrast, the binding to nuclear antigens was drastically reduced by the reversion of mutations in 3H9 or the exchange of H3, such that only 3H9 itself bound strongly to single-stranded DNA, double-stranded DNA and nucleosomes. The results illustrate diverse interactions between a single combining site and different autoantigens. The analysis of these interactions suggests that the 3H9 VH domain, as encoded by the germ line, directs binding to cardiolipin, whereas structural determinants of H3, in concert with the remainder of the combining site, guide the maturation of antibody binding toward nuclear autoantigens.
Sex differences in predictions of college grades from scholastic aptitude test scores. (1993)

In this study we appraised 2 explanations for sex differences in over- and underprediction of college grades by the Scholastic Aptitude Test: sex-related differences in (a) the nature of the grade criterion and (b) the variables associated with academic performance. An entire freshman class at a large state university was studied. Women's grade point average (GPA) was underpredicted (and men's GPA was overpredicted), but only by a small amount. When we adjusted the GPA for differences in grading standards for individual courses, over- and underprediction were not affected, but when we controlled for sex differences in individual-differences variables concerned with academic preparation, studiousness, and attitudes about mathematics, over- and underprediction were reduced
Die Kristallstrukturen der Polyselenide [Cs(18‐Krone‐6)]<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>5</sub> · DMF, [Rb(222‐Crypt)]<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>6</sub>, [Ba(15‐Krone‐5)<sub>2</sub>]Se<sub>6</sub> · DMF und [Na(12‐Krone‐4)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>7</sub> (1993)

Abstract Die Titelverbindungen entstehen aus den entsprechenden Diseleniden mit überschüssigem Selen in Gegenwart von Kronenethern in Dimethylformamid‐Lösungen in Form schwarzer Kristalle. [Cs(18‐Krone‐6)] 2 Se 5 · DMF : Raumgruppe P2 1 /m, Z = 2, 2 194 beobachtete unabhängige Reflexe, R = 0,119. Gitterabmessungen bei 20°C: a = 1 041,2; b = 1 496,3; c = 1 459,7 pm; β = 100,39°. Die Verbindung bildet ein Ionentripel mit Cs…Se‐Kontakten zu dem kettenförmigen Se 5 2− ‐Ion von 374 bis 381 pm. [Rb(222‐Crypt)] 2 Se 6 : Raumgruppe P 1 , Z = 2, 7 405 beobachtete unabhängige Reflexe, R = 0,056. Gitterabmessungen bei – 70°C: a = 1 106,8; b = 1 460,8; c = 1 718,8 pm; α = 89,22°; β = 86,65°; γ = 71,53°. Die Verbindung enthält kettenförmige Se 6 2− ‐Ionen, die keine Kontakte untereinander ausbilden. [Ba(15‐Krone‐5) 2 ]Se 6 … DMF : Raumgruppe P2 1 /n, Z = 4, 2 680 beobachtete unabhängige Reflexe, R = 0,055. Gitterabmessungen bei – 80°C: a = 1 051,9; b = 1 322,4; c = 2 729,9 pm; β = 100,93°. Die Verbindung enthält kettenförmige Se 6 2− ‐Ionen, die im Gitter durch die Kationen und die eingelagerten DMF‐Moleküle voneinander isoliert sind. [Na(12‐Krone‐4) 2 ] 2 Se 7 : Raumgruppe P 1 , Z = 2, 7 313 beobachtete unabhängige Reflexe, R = 0,042. Gitterabmessungen bei – 70°C: a = 1 260,9; b = 1 433,6; c = 1 462,9 pm; α = 80,27°; β = 78,60°; γ = 69,34°. Die Verbindung enthält kettenförmige Se 7 2− ‐Ionen, die keine direkten Kontakte untereinander ausbilden.
Physics of cavity solitons in semiconductors (2004)

A complete and deep description of the characteristics of the cavity solitons (CSs) in semiconductor cavities is provided. Generation of a number of CSs in the transverse section is demonstrated, and a careful analysis of the switching process of CSs is performed. An extended comparison between the results of the numerical simulations and those of the experiment is also presented.
RADIOCHEMICAL DEGRADATION OF CYSTAMINE AND DERIVATIVES (1960)

Solutions of cystamine, cysteamine, cystamine disulfoxide, hypotaurine, cysteaminesulfonate, thiotaurine, and taurine, were irradiated with increasing doses of x rays. The extent of the degradation of the above compounds was followed by paper chromatography. The oxidation of cysteamine to cystamine was determined by titration of the thiol groups of the irradiated solution. It was observed that the compounds are degraded to a various extent and it was impossible to correlate the extent of degradation with the followed by paper chromatography. The oxidation of cysteamine to cystamine was determined by titration of the thiol groups of the irradiated solution. It was observed that the compounds are degraded to a various extent and it was impossible to correlate the extent of degradation with the protecting power of the same compounds as found in the literature. The results are consistent with the opinion of a secondary role of the plain scavenging effect in the radioprotection by cystamine. The oxidation of cysteamine to cystamine on the contrary prcceeds to such an extent to be of value in the protection as a scavenger. Nevertheless this, reaction may have a radiobiological importance only if a selective absorption and accumulation of cysteamine in the body compared with othermore » thiols is taken into consideration. (auth)« less
Observations of frequency shift associated with schooling fish (2003)

The number of sardines per school, N, is nominally 10&lt;th&gt;000 and the separation between sardines in school, s, is nominally 1 fish length, L⋅s is much smaller than the wavelength at f (the resonance frequency of individuals), which suggests that schools may exhibit acoustic properties of bubble clouds. Long-term, broadband transmission loss measurements at a shallow-water site in the Gulf of Lion revealed absorption lines due to dispersed sardines at 1.3 kHz at 20 m at night and 2.7 kHz at 65 m at dawn. Temporal changes in observed values of f were consistent with concurrent echo sounder observations of the vertical migration of sardines, and theoretical computations based on laboratory measurements of swim bladder dimensions. The measured resonance frequency of sardines in schools during daytime, 1.7 kHz at 65 m, was 0.6f at the same depth at dawn. The observed frequency shift is consistent with a hybrid model of the fundamental resonance frequency of a bubble cloud, which is based on theories developed by Feuillade, Nero, and Love (1996) and dAgostino and Brennan (1988), and s=0.8 L and N=5000 fish per school. [Work supported by ONR.]
Low‐pressure additive manufacturing of continuous fiber‐reinforced polymer composites (2019)

Abstract Continuous fiber‐reinforced polymer composites have found a wide range of applications in the automotive and aerospace industry due to their lightweight properties. Recently the use of additive manufacturing (AM) has been developed for the fabrication of these composites. This study investigates the use of both atmospheric and, for the first time, low‐pressure (1 Pa) processing conditions for the AM of continuous carbon, glass, and Kevlar fiber‐reinforced nylon composites. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to compare the thermal properties of the three types of fiber‐reinforced filament prior to printing. It was found that the melting peak was dependent on filament type, which can be related to the polymer processing conditions used during their fabrication. Based on computed tomography measurements, it was found that the use of low‐pressure printing conditions yielded a reduction in porosity for the carbon, glass, and Kevlar printed composites of 5.7%, 1.0%, and 1.7%, respectively. The mechanical properties of the composites were compared, using a short beam shear test, which assisted in the measurement of interlaminar properties. An increase in interlaminar shear strength of 33%, 22%, and 12% was obtained for the carbon, glass, and Kevlar fiber‐reinforced polymer composites, respectively, when printed under low pressure, compared with that obtained at atmospheric pressure.
Hydroxylamine Number. Application to the Identificaton of Ketones (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydroxylamine Number. Application to the Identificaton of KetonesA. M. Trozzolo and Eugene. LieberCite this: Anal. Chem. 1950, 22, 6, 764–768Publication Date (Print):June 17, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 17 June 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60042a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60042a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views134Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Genetic predisposition to the cytotoxicity of arsenic: the role of DNA damage and ATM (2003)

Arsenic is a pervasive cytotoxin and carcinogen in the environment. Although its mode of action has yet to be fully elucidated, oxidative DNA damage has been suggested. A series of DNA repair-defective human and hamster cell lines associated with sensitivity to oxidative agents were examined for their response to arsenic-induced cytotoxicity. Only the Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) cells displayed a marked hypersensitive response (greater than twofold). The protective role of the ATM protein was confirmed by the normal response to arsenic displayed by AT cells expressing wild-type ATM. Although the ATM protein plays a pivotal role in response to DNA double-strand breakage, none of the other cell lines with defects in double-strand break repair displayed a similar hypersensitivity. Further examination indicated that concentrations of sodium arsenite as high as 1 mg/l do not generate significant levels of double-strand breaks. Our data suggest that the ATM protein functions in an important but different capacity in the cellular response to arsenic toxicity than it does in response to agents that generate double-strand breaks, such as ionizing radiation. Furthermore, the lack of hypersensitivity to arsenic displayed by the other cell lines calls into question the hypothesis that DNA damage is a significant factor in arsenic cytotoxicity.
From river water to high quality process water (2000)

Global demand for high quality or ultrapure process water is high, making it a huge market for the filtration and separation industry. Therefore, there is a constant drive to develop purification processes that are more efficient, more cost-effective and more environmentally friendly than exisitng technologies. In this article Axiva GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, explains why its new process for the direct treatment of surface water meets these criteria.
Weighted Feature Significance: A Simple, Interpretable Model of Compound Toxicity Based on the Statistical Enrichment of Structural Features (2009)

In support of the U.S. Tox21 program, we have developed a simple and chemically intuitive model we call weighted feature significance (WFS) to predict the toxicological activity of compounds, based on the statistical enrichment of structural features in toxic compounds. We trained and tested the model on the following: (1) data from quantitative high-throughput screening cytotoxicity and caspase activation assays conducted at the National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center, (2) data from Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutagenicity assays conducted by the U.S. National Toxicology Program, and (3) hepatotoxicity data published in the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances. Enrichments of structural features in toxic compounds are evaluated for their statistical significance and compiled into a simple additive model of toxicity and then used to score new compounds for potential toxicity. The predictive power of the model for cytotoxicity was validated using an independent set of compounds from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency tested also at the National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center. We compared the performance of our WFS approach with classical classification methods such as Naive Bayesian clustering and support vector machines. In most test cases, WFS showed similar or slightly better predictive power, especially in the prediction of hepatotoxic compounds, where WFS appeared to have the best performance among the three methods. The new algorithm has the important advantages of simplicity, power, interpretability, and ease of implementation.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Heterocycles as Ligands in Asymmetric Catalysis (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Induced Astigmatism With 2.2- and 3.0-mm Coaxial Phacoemulsification Incisions (2009)

Surgically induced astigmatism with 2.2-mm micro-coaxial incisions and traditional 3.0-mm clear corneal incisions with intra-patient control resulted in statistically and clinically significant reduction in surgically induced astigmatism with the smaller incision size.
Segregation of Particulate Materials – Mechanisms and Testers (1996)

The tendency of particulate materials to separate into various zones depending on their various physical characteristics is called segregation. The phenomenon is widely encountered in nearly all materials handling situations and leads, quite often, to significant variations in quality. This paper reviews the mechanisms which contribute to segregation and demonstrates, by means of laboratory scale tests, that the particular segregation pattern likely to be encountered in a given situation is a function of both material and process-related variables.
Human leukocyte antigen‐class II‐negative long‐term cultured human T‐cell leukemia virus type‐I‐infected T‐cell lines with progressed cytological properties significantly induce superantigen‐dependent normal T‐cell proliferation (2005)

While most human T-cell leukemia virus type-I (HTLV-I)-infected T cells express abundant class II antigens, some aggressive-type adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) cells lose their expression. To investigate the significance of the class II antigen of HTLV-I infected cells, the progressiveness of HTLV-I-infected long-term cultured T-cell lines was evaluated, and then their antigen-presenting capacity was examined using a superantigen, staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB). Among the cell lines derived from peripheral blood, HPB-ATL-T (ATL-T), HPB-ATL-2 (ATL-2) and HPB-ATL-O were more progressed than Tax exclusively expressing HPB-CTL-I (CTL-I), because the former deleted p16 gene (polymerase chain reaction (PCR)) and strongly transcribed survivin (reverse transcriptase-PCR). Notably, interferon gamma-independent loss of class II expression of ATL-T and ATL-2 was found. In antigen-presenting experiments, however, both cell lines induced SEB-dependent significant T-cell proliferation estimated by [(3)H] thymidine uptake. No class II-re-expressed ATL-2 cells were observed in the SEB-presenting cultures by indirect immunofluorescence, and only minimum inhibition of SEB-dependent T-cell response by anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR monoclonal antibody was observed. These findings suggest that both ATL-T and ATL-2 very effectively present SEB to T cells less dependently on class II molecules. These less immunogenic leukemic cells of aggressive ATL may contribute to disease aggression.
Inhibition of interleukin 2‐induced proliferation of cloned murine T cells by glucocorticoids. Possible involvement of an inhibitory protein (1988)

The ability of glucocorticoids to inhibit interleukin 2 (IL 2)-induced T cell proliferation in two cytotoxic T cell (CTL) clones has been studied. A complete inhibition of DNA synthesis by dexamethasone (Dx) could be observed when IL 2-depleted cultures of CTL were either incubated for 6 h with the hormone prior to the addition of IL 2 or treated simultaneously with Dx and a low concentration of IL 2. No significant reduction in the number and affinity of IL 2 receptors was seen after 6 h incubation with Dx. The order of potency observed with the different steroids indicated that this inhibitory effect was mediated through binding to a specific glucocorticoid receptor. The action of these hormones possibly involves the synthesis of an inhibitory protein(s), since the presence of cycloheximide during the incubation with Dx prevented the inhibition of DNA synthesis. Furthermore, supernatant from Dx-treated CTL contained a nondialyzable factor which inhibited DNA synthesis and cell growth of CTL clones induced by IL 2. Blocking of IL 2 synthesis and IL 2 receptor formation have been proposed as one of the major mechanisms of glucocorticoid-induced immunosuppression. Our results indicate that these hormones may also affect T cell proliferation by inhibiting IL 2 activity.
Landau-Zener tunneling of a single Tb3+ magnetic moment allowing the electronic read-out of a nuclear spin (2013)

A multi-terminal device based on a carbon nanotube quantum dot was used at very low tem- perature to probe a single electronic and nuclear spin embedded in a bis-phthalocyanine Terbium (III) complex (TbPc2). A spin-valve signature with large conductance jumps was found when two molecules were strongly coupled to the nanotube. The application of a transverse field separated the magnetic signal of both molecules and enabled single-shot read-out of the Terbium nuclear spin. The Landau-Zener (LZ) quantum tunneling probability was studied as a function of field sweep rate, establishing a good agreement with the LZ equation and yielding the tunnel splitting Δ. It was found that ? increased linearly as a function of the transverse field. These studies are an essential prerequisite for the coherent manipulation of a single nuclear spin in TbPc2.
ASCA: analysis of multivariate data obtained from an experimental design (2005)

Abstract Recently analysis of variance (ANOVA)‐simultaneous component analysis (ASCA) has been introduced as an explorative tool for the analysis of multivariate data with an underlying experimental design [Smilde et al. Bioinformatics 2005; 21: 3043–3048]. This paper focuses on the general methodological framework of ASCA. The drawbacks of other methods for the analysis of this type of data are discussed, as well as the advantages of ASCA above these other methods. Three case studies are used to illustrate the use of ASCA. The relationship between ASCA and several other multivariate data analysis techniques is demonstrated. Finally, possible extensions for ASCA are presented, including multiway analysis and multivariate regression. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Helical Twisting Power of Optically Active Spiro Compounds with a 3,3′-(4<i>H</i>,4′<i>H</i>)-Spirobi(2<i>H</i>-naphtho[1,2-<i>b</i>]pyran) Skeleton (2008)

Abstract New chiral dopants for nematic liquid crystals, containing a (S)-3,3′-(4H,4′H)-spirobi(2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran) skeleton, were synthesized and their helical twisting powers (HTP) were evaluated. A chiral dopant with two terphenyl structures showed the highest molar HTP value of 50.3 μm−1 mol−1 kg.
Epitome: database of structure-inferred antigenic epitopes (2005)

Immunoglobulin molecules specifically recognize particular areas on the surface of proteins. These areas are commonly dubbed B-cell epitopes. The identification of epitopes in proteins is important both for the design of experiments and vaccines. Additionally, the interactions between epitopes and antibodies have often served as a model for protein-protein interactions. One of the main obstacles in creating a database of antigen-antibody interactions is the difficulty in distinguishing between antigenic and non-antigenic interactions. Antigenic interactions involve specific recognition sites on the antibody's surface, while non-antigenic interactions are between a protein and any other site on the antibody. To solve this problem, we performed a comparative analysis of all protein-antibody complexes for which structures have been experimentally determined. Additionally, we developed a semi-automated tool that identified the antigenic interactions within the known antigen-antibody complex structures. We compiled those interactions into Epitome, a database of structure-inferred antigenic residues in proteins. Epitome consists of all known antigen/antibody complex structures, a detailed description of the residues that are involved in the interactions, and their sequence/structure environments. Interactions can be visualized using an interface to Jmol. The database is available at http://www.rostlab.org/services/epitome/.
Leslie Matrices for Logistic Population Modeling (2013)

Leslie matrices are taught as a method of modeling populations in a discrete-time fashion with more detail in the tracking of age groups within the population. Leslie matrices have limited use in the actual modeling of populations, since when the age groups are summed, it is basically equivalent to discrete-time modeling assuming exponential population growth. The logistic model of population growth is more realistic, since it takes into account a carrying capacity for the environment of the population. This talk will describe an adjustment to the Leslie matrix approach for population modeling that is both takes into account the carrying capacity of the population’s environment and is analogous to the discrete logistic model, summarizing work by A. L. Jensen (1995).