gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cardiac ion channels (2015)

Ion channels are critical for all aspects of cardiac function, including rhythmicity and contractility. Consequently, ion channels are key targets for therapeutics aimed at cardiac pathophysiologies such as atrial fibrillation or angina. At the same time, off-target interactions of drugs with cardiac ion channels can be the cause of unwanted side effects. This manuscript aims to review the physiology and pharmacology of key cardiac ion channels. The intent is to highlight recent developments for therapeutic development, as well as elucidate potential mechanisms for drug-induced cardiac side effects, rather than present an in-depth review of each channel subtype.
Fabric Filter Collectors (2013)

Fabric filter collectors, or baghouses, separate particulate from gas stream by causing the particulate to pass through a filtering medium, a layer of previously collected (or purposely deposited) particulate, or both. The gas-borne particulate is intercepted by the fibers of the filtering medium, by the particulate already present on the medium surface, or both. To prevent excessive pressure drop as the particulate accumulates, these devices use various mechanisms to disengage the particulate from the medium.There are three basic dust collector applications. Nuisance or fugitive dust collection from the venting of conveyors, transfer points, packing stations and so on-this dust is often sent to waste. Next is product collection venting of classifiers, crushers, storage bins, air (pneumatic) conveying systems, mills, and flash dryers. This dust is often recovered because it has value. Last is process gas filtration venting of spray dryers, kilns, power boilers, reactors, and so on. The collected solids may or may not be returned to the process. This dust may or may not be worth recovering but must be controlled for environmental or workplace health reasons.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocyclization of 2,4‐Disubstituted Thiosemicarbazides with Haloketones. (1990)

Abstract The thiosemicarbazides (I) react with the bromoacetophenone (II) to give the anticipated dihydrothiazines (IV).
Optimizing multicompression approaches to elasticity imaging (2006)

Breast lesion visibility in static strain imaging ultimately is noise limited. When correlation and related techniques are applied to estimate local displacements between two echo frames recorded before and after a small deformation, target contrast increases linearly with the amount of deformation applied. However, above some deformation threshold, decorrelation noise increases more than contrast such that lesion visibility is severely reduced. Multicompression methods avoid this problem by accumulating displacements from many small deformations to provide the same net increase in lesion contrast as one large deformation but with minimal decorrelation noise. Unfortunately, multicompression approaches accumulate echo noise (electronic and sampling) with each deformation step as contrast builds so that lesion visibility can be reduced again if the applied deformation increment is too small. This paper uses signal models and analysis techniques to develop multicompression strategies that minimize strain image noise. The analysis predicts that displacement variance is minimal in elastically homogeneous media when the applied strain increment is 0.0035. Predictions are verified experimentally with gelatin phantoms. For in vivo breast imaging, a strain increment as low as 0.0015 is recommended for minimum noise because of the greater elastic heterogeneity of breast tissue.
Robust graft survival and normalized dopaminergic innervation do not obligate recovery in a <scp>P</scp>arkinson disease patient (2016)

Objective The main goal of dopamine cell replacement therapy in Parkinson disease (PD) is to provide clinical benefit mediated by graft survival with nigrostriatal reinnervation. We report a dichotomy between graft structure and clinical function in a patient dying 16 years following fetal nigral grafting. Methods A 55‐year‐old levodopa‐responsive woman with PD received bilateral putaminal fetal mesencephalic grafts as part of an NIH‐sponsored double‐blind sham‐controlled trial. The patient never experienced clinical benefit, and her course was complicated by the development of graft‐related dyskinesias. Fluorodopa positron emission tomography demonstrated significant increases postgrafting bilaterally. She experienced worsening of parkinsonism with severe dyskinesias, and underwent subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation 8 years after grafting. She died 16 years after transplantation. Results Postmortem analyses confirmed the diagnosis of PD and demonstrated >300,000 tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)‐positive grafted cells per side with normalized striatal TH‐immunoreactive fiber innervation and bidirectional synaptic connectivity. Twenty‐seven percent and 17% of grafted neurons were serine 129‐phosphorylated α‐synuclein positive in the left and right putamen, respectively. Interpretation These findings represent the largest number of surviving dopamine neurons and the densest and most widespread graft‐mediated striatal dopamine reinnervation following a transplant procedure reported to date. Despite this, clinical recovery was not observed. Furthermore, the grafts were associated with a form of dyskinesias that resembled diphasic dyskinesia and persisted in the off‐medication state. We hypothesize that the grafted cells produced a low level of dopamine sufficient to cause a levodopa‐independent continuous form of diphasic dyskinesias, but insufficient to provide an antiparkinsonian benefit. ANN NEUROL 2017;81:46–57
Short‐Term Effects of Cannabinoids on Immune Phenotype and Function in HIV‐1‐Infected Patients (2002)

Cannabinoids, including smoked marijuana and delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (dronabinol, Marinol), have been used to treat human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV)-associated anorexia and weight loss. Concerns have been raised, however, that these compounds might have adverse effects on the immune system of subjects with HIV infection. To determine whether such effects occur, the authors designed a randomized, prospective, controlled trial comparing the use of marijuana cigarettes (3.95% THC), dronabinol (2.5 mg), and oral placebo in HIV-infected adults taking protease inhibitor-containing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Assays of immune phenotype (including flow cytometric quantitation of T cell subpopulations, B cells, and natural killer [NK] cells) and immunefunction (including assays for induced cytokine production, NK cell function, and lymphoproliferation) were performed at baseline and weekly thereafter. On the basis of these measurements and during this short 21-day study period, few statistically significant effects were noted on immune system phenotypes orfunctions in this patient population.
COMPUTER-AIDED OPTIMIZATION OF EXTRUSION DIES (2001)

When designing a complex profile extrusion die, an iterative process has to be performed to optimize the flow channel. This procedure is time-consuming and cost-intensive. By means of FEA it is possible to pre-design the flow channel and hence to reduce the number of experimental iteration steps in order to optimize the flow channel. But this procedure only shifts the first iteration steps from practice into the computer. Up to now no procedure has been found to predict the die geometry in order to gain an even velocity profile at the outlet. In the two procedures mentioned above, optimization of the geometry is done by trial and error. In this paper a program is presented that works with a new method to optimize complex extrusion dies. It uses a combination of FEA and network theory. By means of this method it is possible to speed up the iterative optimization process. Furthermore, the user can be given a hint from the program where and how to change the geometry of the flow channel to approach the optimum velocity distribution at the outlet.
Application of Chromatography. XXXIX. Biosynthesis of Riboflavin. (3). (1959)

4-Ribitylamino-5-aminouracil (II), which is regarded as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of riboflavin, was synthesized and the formation of 6, 7-dimethylribolumazine (III) and riboflavin (IV) was examined in three cases, in which a mixture of (II) and a crude enzyme solution prepared from Er. ashbyii, a mixture of (II) and acetoin, and a mixture of (II), acetoin, and a crude enzyme solution were each incubated at 37°. In the first two cases, the formation of (III) and (IV) was not observed, but in the lase case the formation of a green fluorescent substance and increase of (IV) were recognized. The green fluorescent substance was confirmed to be (III) from its Rf values and ultraviolet spectrum. From these results, it seems reasonable to think that riboflavin which is an isoalloxazine derivative is biosynthesized in the mycelium of Er. ashbyii from a pyrimidine compound (II) through a pteridine compound (III).
FLAVONE INHIBITS VASCULAR CONTRACTION BY DECREASING PHOSPHORYLATION OF THE MYOSIN PHOSPHATASE TARGET SUBUNIT (2007)

1. Flavonoids modulate vascular tone through an endothelium-dependent or -independent mechanism. Although a few mechanisms for endothelium-independent relaxation have been suggested, such as interference with protein kinase C or cAMP or cGMP phosphodiesterase, the inhibition of Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores or Ca(2+) influx from extracellular fluids, the mode of action of flavonoids remains elusive. 2. We hypothesized that treatment with flavone inhibits vascular smooth muscle contraction by decreasing the phosphorylation of the myosin phosphatase target subunit (MYPT1). 3. Rat aortic rings were denuded of endothelium, mounted in organ baths and contracted with U46619, a thromboxane A(2) analogue. 4. Flavone dose-dependently inhibited the U46619-induced contractile response and myosin light chain (MLC(20)) phosphorylation. At 10(-7) mol/L, U46619 induced vascular contraction with the concomitant phosphorylation of MYPT1 at Thr855, but not at Thr697. Incubation with flavone (100 or 300 micromol/L) for 30 min attenuated the phosphorylation of MYPT1(Thr855), but not MYPT1(Thr697). 5. It is concluded that treatment with flavone inhibits vascular smooth muscle contraction by decreasing the phosphorylation of the MYPT1. These results suggest that flavone causes endothelium-independent relaxation through, at least in part, the inhibition of p160 Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK) signalling.
An Experimental Comparison of Four Hearing Aid Prescription Methods (1988)

Four hearing aid prescription methods were compared. A digital master hearing aid was used to produce the prescribed frequency gain characteristics. Measures of speech recognition and paired comparison judgments of relative speech intelligibility and speech quality were obtained at three output levels for each of the experimental frequency gain characteristics. No single prescriptive method emerged as being clearly superior. Relative performance of the four prescriptive methods varied as a function of output level. Similar results were observed for both speech recognition testing and paired comparison testing.
The Effects of Hypocapnia on Brain Tissue Pulsations (2020)

Hypocapnia is known to affect patients with acute stroke and plays a key role in governing cerebral autoregulation. However, the impact of hypocapnia on brain tissue pulsations (BTPs) is relatively unexplored. As BTPs are hypothesised to result from cerebrovascular resistance to the inflow of pulsatile arterial blood, it has also been hypothesised that cerebral autoregulation changes mediated by hypocapnia will alter BTP amplitude. This healthy volunteer study reports measurements of BTPs obtained using transcranial tissue Doppler (TCTD). Thirty participants underwent hyperventilation to induce mild hypocapnia. BTP amplitude, EtCO<sub>2</sub>, blood pressure, and heart rate were then analysed to explore the impact of hypocapnia on BTP amplitude. Significant changes in BTP amplitude were noted during recovery from hypocapnia, but not during the hyperventilation manoeuvre itself. However, a significant increase in heart rate and pulse pressure and decrease in mean arterial pressure were also observed to accompany hypocapnia, which may have confounded our findings. Whilst further investigation is required, the results of this study provide a starting point for better understanding of the effects of carbon dioxide levels on BTPs. Further research in this area is needed to identify the major physiological drivers of BTPs and quantify their interactions with other aspects of cerebral haemodynamics.
Synthesen mit α‐metallierten Isocyaniden, XIX<sup>1)</sup><i>S</i>‐Benzyl‐<i>N</i>‐formylcysteine (1973)

Abstract Die Synthese der β‐substitutierten S ‐Benzyl‐ N ‐formylcysteine 11 ausgehend von Isocyanessigsäure‐äthylester ( 6 ), den Carbonylverbindungen 1 und Benzylmercaptan ( 7 ) wird beschrieben.
Intensity discrimination under forward and backward masking: Role of referential coding (1995)

The present experiments investigated the hypothesis that listeners can code intensity by reference to proximal stimuli in order to improve intensity discrimination performance in conditions of nonsimultaneous masking. The experiments used 30-ms tone bursts as the masker, pedestal, and "proximal burst." The masker level was 80 dB, the pedestal level was 50 dB. In the first experiment the silent interval between the masker and the pedestal was varied. Surprisingly, in both forward and backward masking situations, the Weber fraction decreased as the silent interval was decreased from 100 to 12.5 ms. This is consistent with the referential coding hypothesis: At short intervals performance improves because the level of the pedestal is coded by reference to the proximal masker. In a further set of experiments, the silent interval was 100 ms and an additional proximal burst was presented either 12.5 ms before or 12.5 ms after the pedestal. The proximal burst produced a substantial decrease in the Weber fraction, but only when it was close in frequency to the pedestal, and with a higher intensity. The results are consistent with the auditory system having the ability to produce a robust intensity measure by reference to proximal signals. These findings also provide further evidence that the mid-level elevation in forward masking is not solely the result of processes operating at the level of the auditory nerve.
724: Does the Presence of Extranodal Extension (ECE) in Pathologic Stage B Non-Seminomatous Germ-Cell Tumor Necessitate Adjuvant Chemotherapy? (2005)

You have accessJournal of UrologyPodium, Monday, May 23, 2005, 8:00 - 10:00 am1 Apr 2005724: Does the Presence of Extranodal Extension (ECE) in Pathologic Stage B Non-Seminomatous Germ-Cell Tumor Necessitate Adjuvant Chemotherapy? Stephen D.W. Beck, Liang Cheng, Richard Bihrle, John P. Donohue, and Richard S. Foster Stephen D.W. BeckStephen D.W. Beck More articles by this author , Liang ChengLiang Cheng More articles by this author , Richard BihrleRichard Bihrle More articles by this author , John P. DonohueJohn P. Donohue More articles by this author , and Richard S. FosterRichard S. Foster More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)35956-1AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "724: Does the Presence of Extranodal Extension (ECE) in Pathologic Stage B Non-Seminomatous Germ-Cell Tumor Necessitate Adjuvant Chemotherapy?." The Journal of Urology, 173(4S), p. 197 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 173Issue 4SApril 2005Page: 197 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Stephen D.W. Beck More articles by this author Liang Cheng More articles by this author Richard Bihrle More articles by this author John P. Donohue More articles by this author Richard S. Foster More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Inherent angular tracking error in an amplitude comparison monopulse radar. (1984)

Amplitude comparison monopulse tracking of a two-element target is studied. A Gaussian radiation pattern for the antennas is assumed. It is demonstrated that the cross over angle of the antenna assembly and the target angular span are essential parameters for determining the angular tracking error. Computational results showing the inherent error curve, X sub alpha (A), are provided.
Power spectral density plots inside MRF spots made with a polishing abrasive-free MR fluid (2005)

We present power spectral density (PSD) data measured inside magnetorheological finishing (MRF) spots in orthogonal directions. MRF spots exhibit a distinct grooving pattern that varies for each fluid/material combination. This spot analysis may provide new insights on the material removal process. Issues associated with taking orthogonal PSD measurements are also discussed.
Prediction of Optimum Injection Rate for Carbonate Acidizing Using Machine Learning (2018)

Abstract In stimulation, acid is pumped into the formation at a certain rate to penetrate deep into the formation. The optimum injection rate is one of the of the key parameters that is sought after. By definition, the optimum injection rate happens when the acid penetrates deep with the minimum volume. In a linear coreflood experiment, this translates into a dominant wormhole dissolution pattern. Outside the range of such rate, the pattern could be face dissolution, conical wormhole, ramified wormhole, or uniform dissolution. Researchers have been trying to develop models to predict the optimum injection rate. However, such models require some reaction kinetic parameters to obtain the optimal injection rate. This paper aims to investigate the dependence of different parameters on the optimum injection rate for matrix stimulation. This study incorporates a wide range of data points obtained from linear coreflood and develops a new, robust, easy-to-use model using machine learning. This model predicts the optimal injection rate with the help of three arguments, namely, rock properties, HCl properties, and experimental conditions. The data used in this study are composed of 170 experimental data points. The data were collected from Indiana, Desert Rose, and Lavoux limestone. The results show that the newly developed model is capable of predicting the pore-volume-to-breakthrough (PVBT) along with the optimal injection rate with 90% accuracy. Furthermore, the model only requires the following parameters: type, length, diameter, porosity, and permeability of the core; HCl strength; temperature; and pressure. Such model will narrow the search for the optimal injection rate and will significantly reduce the number of laboratory experiments needed to obtain the PVBT curve. Furthermore, the results from this model can be upscaled to field scale. The novelty of this work lies in providing a simple, yet powerful, tool that is easy to use to predict the optimum injection rate. This will help production engineers to efficiently design a successful acid job.
Lasers for Raman Spectroscopy (2000)

This chapter includes the following topics: Overview Ar+ and Kr+ Ion Lasers Helium–Neon Lasers Neodymium–YAG (Nd:YAG) Diode Lasers Laser Wavelength Filtering
The Role of Data-Race-Free Programs in Recoverable DSM (Abstract). (1996)

We suggest a technique to induce effective, controllable interactions between atoms that is based on Raman scattering into an optical mode propagating with a slow group velocity. The resulting excitation corresponds to the creation of spin-flipped atomic pairs in a way that is analogous to correlated photon emission in optical parametric amplification. The technique can be used for fast generation of entangled atomic ensembles, spin squeezing, and applications in quantum information processing.
Diarylmethane derivatives IX). The oxidation products of the diarylmethyl radicals (1941)

Abstract The mixture of products containing oxygen which results when a diarylchlormethane reacts with molecular silver in the presence of oxygen was studied for a number of methyl‐substituted diarylchlormethanes. The reaction products, which should be considered to have been formed by the decomposition of the primary product, a peroxide of the diarylmethyl radicals, are of the same nature as were found in the reactions described in the foregoing communications. In one. case, namely that of bis‐(3,5‐dimethylphenyl)‐methyl, the peroxide could be isolated in a pure form. The oxidation products of bis‐(2,6‐dimethylphenyl)‐methyl, which was obtained in solution by thermal dissociation of the ethane, were found to correspond to those which are formed in the reaction of bis‐(2,6‐dimethylphenyl) ‐chlormethane with silver in the presence of oxygen.
STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF CARDIAC IRREGULARITY ON THE CIRCULATION (1928)

In preceding papers (1, 2) we have reported observations concerning the effect of regular and irregular tachycardia (auricular fibrillation) on the rate of blood flow in normal unanesthetized dogs.
Genomics of Viral Hepatitis-Associated Liver Tumors (2021)

Virus-related liver carcinogenesis is one of the main contributors of cancer-related death worldwide mainly due to the impact of chronic hepatitis B and C infections. Three mechanisms have been proposed to explain the oncogenic properties of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection: induction of chronic inflammation and cirrhosis, expression of HBV oncogenic proteins, and insertional mutagenesis into the genome of infected hepatocytes. Hepatitis B insertional mutagenesis modifies the function of cancer driver genes and could promote chromosomal instability. In contrast, hepatitis C virus promotes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurrence mainly through cirrhosis development whereas the direct oncogenic role of the virus in human remains debated. Finally, adeno associated virus type 2 (AAV2), a defective DNA virus, has been associated with occurrence of HCC harboring insertional mutagenesis of the virus. Since these tumors developed in a non-cirrhotic context and in the absence of a known etiological factor, AAV2 appears to be the direct cause of tumor development in these patients via a mechanism of insertional mutagenesis altering similar oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes targeted by HBV. A better understanding of virus-related oncogenesis will be helpful to develop new preventive strategies and therapies directed against specific alterations observed in virus-related HCC.
Highlights in the fight against COVID-19: does autophagy play a role in SARS-CoV-2 infection? (2020)

In the preceding months, the novel SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has devastated global communities. The need for safe and effective prophylactic and therapeutic treatments to combat COVID-19 - the human disease resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection - is clear. Here, we present recent developments in the effort to combat COVID-19 and consider whether SARS-CoV-2 may potentially interact with the host autophagy pathway. <b>Abbreviations</b>: ACE2, angiotensin converting enzyme II; βCoV, betacoronavirus; COVID-19, Coronavirus Disease 2019; CQ, chloroquine; DMV, double-membrane vesicle; GI, gastrointestinal; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; IL, interleukin; MAP1LC3/LC3, microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MEFs, mouse embryonic fibroblasts; MERS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus; MHV, murine hepatitis virus; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; SARS-CoV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; TMPRSS2, transmembrane serine protease 2; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; WHO, World Health Organization.