gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solving Chemical Equilibrium Problems Online (2010)

Analysis of chemical equilibria is a topic covered in both undergraduate and graduate courses such as physical chemistry, chemical thermodynamics, and engineering thermodynamics. Manual calculation of problems that require a student to solve for species concentrations, partial pressures, or mole fractions usually involves the method of equilibrium constants. Exercises in homework assignments or in-class examinations are frequently limited to reactions that involve no more than four gas-phase species as the resulting arithmetic required to solve for the unknown quantity becomes too cumbersome and prone to error. Students who invest the requisite time in manually solving complex equilibrium problems in homework assignments need a tool to verify their answers. A Java Web application (“applet”) has been developed to assist chemistry students who encounter general multiphase equilibrium problems involving many species. In addition to students, chemistry educators and professional researchers will benefit from a user-friendly and free-to-use software package that can numerically compute equilibrium distributions for arbitrary reactions. The applet we present can be used to analyze complex reactions involving twenty or more species, and one such reaction, the combustion of isooctane and air, is presented as an example.
Immunohistochemical expression of HER1, HER3, and HER4 in HER2‐positive breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab‐containing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (2010)

The expression of HER1 might be an independently negative predictor of pCR in HER2-positive breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab-containing neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Method of Individual Adjustment for 3D CT Analysis: Linear Measurement (2016)

<i>Introduction</i>. We aim to regularize measurement values in three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) reconstructed images for higher-precision 3D analysis, focusing on length-based 3D cephalometric examinations. <i>Methods</i>. We measure the linear distances between points on different skull models using Vernier calipers (real values). We use 10 differently tilted CT scans for 3D CT reconstruction of the models and measure the same linear distances from the picture archiving and communication system (PACS). In both cases, each measurement is performed three times by three doctors, yielding nine measurements. The real values are compared with the PACS values. Each PACS measurement is revised based on the display field of view (DFOV) values and compared with the real values. <i>Results</i>. The real values and the PACS measurement changes according to tilt value have no significant correlations (<i>p</i> > 0.05). However, significant correlations appear between the real values and DFOV-adjusted PACS measurements (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Hence, we obtain a correlation expression that can yield real physical values from PACS measurements. The DFOV value intervals for various age groups are also verified. <i>Conclusion</i>. Precise confirmation of individual preoperative length and precise analysis of postoperative improvements through 3D analysis is possible, which is helpful for facial-bone-surgery symmetry correction.
Centrosome aberrations after nilotinib and imatinib treatment <i>in vitro</i> are associated with mitotic spindle defects and genetic instability (2007)

Centrosomes play fundamental roles in mitotic spindle organisation, chromosome segregation and maintenance of genetic stability. Recently, we have demonstrated that the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib induces centrosome and chromosome aberrations in vitro. Here, we comparatively investigated the effects of imatinib and the more potent successor drug nilotinib on centrosome, mitotic spindle and karyotype status in primary human fibroblasts. Therapeutic doses of imatinib and/or nilotinib administered separately, consecutively or in combination similarly induced centrosome, mitotic spindle, and karyotype aberrations. Our data suggest that distinct tyrosine kinases likewise targeted by both drugs are essential actuators in maintenance of centrosome and karyotype integrity.
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF MUTANTS OF <i>SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE</i> RESISTANT TO THE HERBICIDE SULFOMETURON METHYL (1985)

Sulfometuron methyl (SM), a potent new sulfonylurea herbicide, inhibits growth of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae on minimal media. Sixty-six spontaneous mutants resistant to SM were isolated. All of the resistance mutations segregate 2:2 in tetrads; 51 of the mutations are dominant, five are semidominant and ten are recessive. The mutations occur in three linkage groups, designated SMR1, smr2 and smr3. Several lines of evidence demonstrate that the SMR1 mutations (47 dominant and four semidominant) are alleles of ILV2 which encodes acetolactate synthase (ALS), the target of SM. First, SMR1 mutations result in the production of ALS enzyme activity with increased resistance to SM. Second, molecular cloning of the ILV2 gene permitted the isolation of mutations in the cloned gene which result in the production of SM-resistant ALS. Finally, SMR1 mutations map at the ILV2 locus. The smr2 mutations (four recessive, two dominant and one semidominant) map at the pdr 1 (pleiotropic drug resistance) locus and show cross-resistance to other inhibitors, typical of mutations at this locus. The smr3 mutations (six recessive and two dominant) define a new gene which maps approximately midway between ADE2 and HIS3 on the right arm of chromosome XV.
Energy-based hardness of soda-lime silicate glass (2008)

Abstract Energy-based inelastic hardness of soda-lime silicate glass is obtained from the work of indentation and the residual impression volume, which is measured by using a scanning probe microscope. The indenter shape dependence and the indentation load dependence of energy-based hardness are investigated. Physical meanings of the energy-based hardness and the apparent hardness of glass are discussed in terms of the mechanisms of inelastic deformation for brittle and glassy materials.
Effect of national recommendations on hepatitis B virus screening in a large U.S. cancer center. (2012)

175 Background: National organizations recommend screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV) before chemotherapy but differ regarding which patients should be screened. We aimed to determine changes in screening rates at a cancer center after national recommendations were published between 2008 and 2010. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of HBV screening in cancer patients registered 1/2004 through 4/2011. Screening was defined as HBsAg and anti-HBc tests ordered around initial chemotherapy. We compared screening rates for 3 periods: before publication recommendations, during the period of publication of CDC, NCCN, AASLD, IOM, and ASCO recommendations, and after publication of recommendations. Logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of screening. Results: Of 139,981 new patients, 18,688 received chemotherapy, and 3,020 (16.2%) were screened. HBV screening rates increased over the 3 periods (14.8%, 18.2%, 19.9%; p<0.0001), but <19% of patients with HBV risk factors were screened. Among patients with hematologic malignancies, over 66% were screened during the entire study period, and odds of screening nearly doubled after publication of recommendations (p<0.0001). Less than 4% of patients with solid tumors were screened during the entire study period despite 70% increase in odds of screening after recommendations (p=0.003). Other predictors of screening included younger age, planned rituximab therapy, and known risk factors for HBV infection. Conclusions: HBV screening increased after publication of national recommendations, yet most patients with solid tumors or HBV risk factors remained unscreened. Efforts are needed to increase awareness of the importance of HBV screening prior to chemotherapy and antiviral prophylaxis to prevent HBV reactivation.
Dual-Quorum: A Highly Available and Consistent Replication System for Edge Services (2008)

This paper introduces dual-quorum replication, a novel data replication algorithm designed to support Internet edge services. Edge services allow clients to access Internet services via distributed edge servers that operate on a shared collection of underlying data. Although it is generally difficult to share data while providing high availability, good performance, and strong consistency, replication algorithms designed for specific access patterns can offer nearly ideal trade-offs among these metrics. In this paper, we focus on the key problem of sharing read/write data objects across a collection of edge servers when the references to each object 1) tend not to exhibit high concurrency across multiple nodes and 2) tend to exhibit bursts of read-dominated or write-dominated behavior. Dual-quorum replication combines volume leases and quorum-based techniques to achieve excellent availability, response time, and consistency for such workloads. In particular, through both analytical and experimental evaluations, we show that the dual-quorum protocol can (for the workloads of interest) approach the optimal performance and availability of Read-One/Write-All-Asynchronously (ROWA-A) epidemic algorithms without suffering the weak consistency guarantees and resulting design complexity inherent in ROWA-A systems.
Testing MIMO systems with coupled reverberation chambers: A wideband channel model (2006)

In this paper, a new testbed composed of two reverberation chambers coupled through a waveguide is presented. A new wideband channel model for this testbed is emphasized. The theory about the waveguide coupling the two chambers is first reminded leading to a full description of the channel model. This model includes all the characteristics of the environment like the possibility to reproduce the number of degrees of freedom in the channel and the correlation between antennas. Some simulation results are presented showing a good agreement with theoretical and measurements results.
Proximate and Amino Acid Analysis of Ergot and Weed Seeds (1974)

Animal nutritionists and livestock producers received little analytical information relative to the nutrient content of weed seeds, and so they had to rely on their previous experience and intuition. The authors presented data which was to provide useful facts to aid those trying to incorporated ergot and weed seeds into livestock diets. It was concluded that the analytical data included in this article would be of use to individuals who have occasion to include ground weed seeds (screenings) in feeds for livestock or poultry. The nutritive value of any sample of mixed seeds will be the sum of the products of the percentage of the individual weed seeds and their individual content of nutrients.
<i>NRAS</i> Mutant Melanoma: An Overview for the Clinician for Melanoma Management (2016)

Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer and the incidence continues to rise in the United States and worldwide. Activating mutations in <i>RAS</i> oncogenes are found in roughly a third of all human cancers. Mutations in <i>NRAS</i> occur in approximately a fifth of cutaneous melanomas and are associated with aggressive clinical behavior. Cells harboring oncogenic <i>NRAS</i> mutations exhibit activation of multiple signaling cascades, including PI3K/Akt, MEK-ERK and RAL, which collectively stimulate cancer growth. While strategies to target N-Ras itself have proven ineffective, targeting one or more N-Ras effector pathways has shown promise in preclinical models. Despite promising preclinical data, current therapies for <i>NRAS</i> mutant melanoma remain limited. Immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies for <i>BRAF</i> mutant melanoma are transforming the treatment of metastatic melanoma, but the ideal treatment for <i>NRAS</i> mutant melanoma remains unknown. Improved understanding of <i>NRAS</i> mutant melanoma and relevant N-Ras effector signaling modules will be essential to develop new treatment strategies.
Influence of Intermediate Pressing on Superconducting Characteristics in Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O System (1989)

The influence of intermediate pressing after the initial sintering on the superconducting characteristics in the Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system was investigated. Though the sample prepared by the conventional process had a porous structure with a T c,zero of 105 K, an as-pressed sample prepared by intermediate pressing after the initial sintering had relatively dense structure and its superconducting transition became very broad. However, further sintering caused significant improvements in the superconducting characteristics.
<title>Nanosecond switching in carbon microparticle suspensions</title> (1992)

We have investigated several nanosecond nonlinear switching mechanisms in carbon microparticle suspensions. These switching mechanisms are based on combinations of effects such as plasma scattering and cavitation-induced total internal reflection (TIR). The contributions from each of these effects is studied. The dominant nonlinear switching mechanism in the majority of these samples is laser induced cavitation which leads to TIR switching. This occurs when the incident laser energy that is absorbed by a carbon particle is sufficient to heat up and vaporize a small volume of the suspending liquid forming a microbubble. TIR switching is observed when these vapor bubbles expand to dimensions that are similar to the transverse dimensions of the incident beam and form a glass-vapor interface at the front substrate surface. Using this mechanism, nonlinear refractive index changes as large as 0.3 have been experimentally obtained on a nanosecond time scale using low power, Q-switched, frequency doubled ((lambda) equals 0.532 micrometers ), Nd:YAG laser pulses.
OSPFv3 Extensions for SRv6 (2019)

Segment Routing (SR) allows for a flexible definition of end-to-end
paths by encoding paths as sequences of topological sub-paths, called
segments. Segment routing architecture can be implemented over an
MPLS data plane as well as an IPv6 data plane. This draft describes
the OSPFv3 extensions required to support Segment Routing over an IPv6
data plane (SRv6).
Calcul optoélectronique et hologrammes calculés (2013)

The optical computing is based on the use of the light as information carrier. Thanks to the speed and the inherent parallelism of the light, such processor has an unmatched potential of processing speed. Computer generated holograms, often associated to optical processors, can generate complex wave fronts unachievable with classical methods. The optical computing basis and applications will be presented along with the holograms computation algorithms and utilizations.
A positive screen for cloning PCR products (1996)

We have developed a positive screen for cloning PCR products based on translational activation of lacZ. A vector with a translationally deficient lacZ alpha gene has been made by deletion of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and initiation codon. The Shine-Dalgarno sequence and initiation codon are incorporated into one of the PCR primers to allow complementation by the PCR product of the inactive lacZ alpha gene, which results in blue transformed bacterial colonies. This screen allows more efficient detection of clones containing inserts made by PCR.
New Eudesmanolides from Sphaeranthus indicus (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew Eudesmanolides from Sphaeranthus indicusMohammed Saleh Shekhani, Pir Muazzam Shah, Khalid Mohammed Khan, and Atta-ur-RahmanCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1991, 54, 3, 882–885Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 May 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50075a025https://doi.org/10.1021/np50075a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views135Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
STRUCTURE THEORY FOR A CLASS OF JORDAN ALGEBRAS (1966)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Dear Editor (1994)

Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
Measured Neutron Parameters for Phase I Experiments at the FNS Facility (1986)

ABSTRACTNeutron parameters were measured in Phase-I experiments of JAERI/USDOE collaborative program. A brief description of the experimental systems and measuring techniques is given. The range of measured source neutron spectrum is from a few keV to 16 MeV by the use of proton-recoil counters and a small NE213 spectrometer. Tritium production rates were measured by on-line and integral type techniques. The in-system scalar spectra were measured by the NE213 spectrometer. Foil activation method was applied to obtain the reaction rate distributions.
Curved Webs under Combined Shear and Normal Stresses (1973)

Normal stresses, caused by bending of a girder in the direction of its curved web, have an effect equivalent to lateral pressure on the web. Except for pure shear, the problem of a curved web subjected to inplane membrane stresses is not a buckling but rather a deflection amplification problem. The membrane stresses cannot exceed a certain critical limit at which the deformation of the web theoretically reaches infinity. The behavior of curved webs is examined under different combination of membrane stresses using the linear theory of shells. The critical limit is calculated using two modified simultaneous homogenous differential equations and the Galerkin's method. The two differential equations lead to a system of linear homogenous equations from which the minimum eigenvalues of the critical load are calculated and presented in tables and curves. Approximate conservative formulas are also given for practical applications.
Long-term outcomes of thoracic transplant recipients following conversion to everolimus with reduced calcineurin inhibitor in a multicenter, open-label, randomized trial (2016)

The NOCTET study randomized 282 patients ≥1 year after heart or lung transplantation to continue conventional calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) therapy or to start everolimus with reduced-exposure CNI. Last follow-up, at ≥5 years postrandomization (mean: 5.6 years) was attended by 72/140 everolimus patients (51.4%) and 91/142 controls (64.1%). Mean measured GFR remained stable in the everolimus group from randomization (51.3 ml/min) to last visit (51.4 ml/min) but decreased in controls (from 50.5 ml/min to 45.3 ml/min) and was significantly higher with everolimus at last follow-up (P = 0.004). The least squares mean (SE) change from randomization was -1.5 (1.7)ml/min with everolimus versus -7.2 (1.7)ml/min for controls (difference: 5.7 [95% CI 1.7; 9.6]ml/min; P = 0.006). The difference was accounted for by heart transplant patients (difference: 6.9 [95% 2.3; 11.5]ml/min; P = 0.004). Lung transplant patients showed no between-group difference at last follow-up. Rates of rejection, death, and major cardiac events were similar between groups, as was graft function. Pneumonia was more frequent with everolimus (18.3% vs. 6.4%). In conclusion, introducing everolimus in maintenance heart transplant patients, with reduced CNI, achieves a significant improvement in renal function which is maintained for at least 5 years, but an early renal benefit in lung transplant patients was lost. Long-term immunosuppressive efficacy was maintained.
Coating of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles in the surface of transparent plastic grains and its aplication for photocatalyst under solar irraidation (2019)

Abstract A cylinder milling has been modified by adding a heating controller for coating TiO 2 photocatalyst on the surface of polymer at constant temperature. By testing the polystyrene, polypropylene, and linear-low-density polyethylene polymer density before and after coating, it is obtained that polypropylene polymer is suitable for polymer-coated TiO 2 because the surface is transparent and can remain floating on the surface of water although it has been coated with TiO 2 catalyst. Coating process of TiO 2 nanoparticles on the surface of the polypropylene is performed through three stages, that is stirring while heating in the cylinder milling, washing, and drying. The coating temperature is 110 0 C for 90 minutes. Photocatalytic activity was observed by testing the photodegradation of methylene blue dissolved in water using a container with a surface area 750 cm 2 and illuminated by sunlight for 12 days. The experiment was done at 6 containers with similar volume and area and variable amount of catalyst, which is without catalyst (0 g) to 5 layer of catalyst (550 g). From the colour, turbidity, and UV-Vis characterization, the methylene blue decomposition effectively occurred with amount of 220 g catalyst (2layer of catalyst).
Interleukin-6 is inhibited by glucocorticoids and stimulates ACTH secretion and POMC expression in human corticotroph pituitary adenomas (2000)

Interleukins and their receptors are expressed intrinsically in the anterior pituitary and regulate hormone production and cell proliferation. It has previously been shown that interleukin-6 (IL-6) regulates hormone secretion in normal pituitary cells and cell lines. Here we examined the effects of IL-6 on propiomelanocortin (POMC) expression and ACTH production in corticotroph adenoma cells in vitro. We found that IL-6 stimulates both ACTH secretion and POMC gene expression in corticotroph adenoma cell cultures. This first demonstration of the stimulatory action of IL-6 on human corticotroph adenoma cell function provides further evidence for a direct action of IL-6 on corticotroph pituitary cells. We have confirmed previous reports of IL-6 production by corticotroph adenoma cells and in addition, demonstrated for the first time that the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone is a potent suppressor of intratumoral IL-6 production. This intratumoral produced IL-6 may be in part responsible, in an autocrine manner, for the stimulation of ACTH synthesis and secretion. Our results suggest that IL-6 might play a role in the pathogenesis of Cushing's disease. However, elevated glucocorticoid levels in patients with Cushing's disease may prevent excessive action of IL-6 on ACTH production and tumor progression of corticotroph adenomas in vivo.