gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of the Effectiveness of FSH, LH and Prolactin in the Reinitiation of Testicular Function of Hypophysectomized and Estrogen-Treated Rats (1978)

The effects of FSH, LH and prolactin on the testes and accessory sex organs of hypophysectomized and estrogen-treated rats were compared. In both types of animals there was a similar reduction in the weights of the reproductive organs and in the numbers of resting and pachytene spermatocytes, although greater numbers of step 7 spermatids were lost in estrogen-treated rats. Levels of FSH, but not LH or prolactin, were reduced in estrogenized animals. In rats hypophysectomized for 28 days, treatment with FSH increased the numbers of all germ cells examined while accessory sex organ weights were unchanged. Conversely, treatment with LH stimulated accessory sex organ weights, but not germ cell numbers. In estrogen-treated rats, FSH increased the numbers of step 7 spermatids and pachytene spermatocytes, but to a lesser extent than was found in hypophysectomized animals. In both hypophysectomized and estrogen-treated rats, prolactin inhibited the stimulatory effects of FSH. Injections of LH produced no change in accesory sex organ weights or germ cell numbers in estrogen-treated rats. It is concluded that estradiol directly inhibits the action of gonadotrophins on the testis.
EFFECT OF SEVERAL VARIABLES ON THE EXTRACTABILITY OF SUNFLOWER SEED PROTEINS (1970)

SUMMARY— The effect of several variables on the extraction of sunflower seed protein has been investigated. Solubility studies on the meal show that globulin is the main protein component. Albumin, nonprotein nitrogen and insoluble nitrogen are very low. Glutelin comprises about 17% of the total nitrogen. 15 min and a meal to solvent ratio of 1:10 (w/v) were found to extract a maximum amount of protein at pH 7.0. The optimum temperature of extraction is 45°C, although over a temperature range of 26‐6°C the extraction remains essentially constant. More protein was extracted by 1.0 M NaCl and 0.75 M CaCl 2 at various pH's than by the higher or the lower concentrations of these salts. Results with several other salts show that concentration as well as pH is very important. Reducing agents do not appear to have any marked effect on the extractability of protein.
Reductive Damage in Directly Ionized DNA: Saturation of the C5 = C6 Bond of Cytosine in d(CGCG)<sub>2</sub>Crystals (2002)

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was used to study an oligodeoxynucleotide duplex of d(CGCG)(2) that is known to crystallize in Z-form. After X irradiation at 4 K, EPR data were collected on single crystals and polycrystalline samples as a function of annealing temperature and dose. A radical produced by the net gain of a hydrogen atom at C6 and a proton at N3, Cyt(C6+H, N3+H(+))(+*), is identified. This radical had not been positively identified in polymeric DNA previously. The Cyt(C6+H, N3+H(+))(+*) makes up about 4% of the total radical population at 4 K, increasing to about 10-15% after the DNA is annealed to 240 K. There appears to be neither an increase nor a decrease in the absolute concentration of Cyt(C6+H, N3+H(+))(+*) upon annealing from 4 K to 240 K. Additionally, the presence of another radical, one due to the net gain of hydrogen at C5 of cytosine, the Cyt(C5+H)(*), is implicated. Together, these two radicals appear to account for 60-80% of the reduced species in DNA that has been irradiated at 4 K and annealed to 240 K.
Polymerization of d-s-Butyl p-Vinylbenzoate<sup>1</sup> (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymerization of d-s-Butyl p-Vinylbenzoate1C. S. Marvel and C. G. OverbergerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 10, 2106–2107Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01214a508https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01214a508research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views50Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Medium-energy ion scattering by solid surfaces. Part I (1972)

Abstract This paper is an attempt to systematize the experimental results obtained in studying medium- energy ion scattering by solid surfaces. We confine ourselves to the analysis of only one definite interval of primary ion energies-from several keV to several hundreds of keV. This is due to several reasons. First, only this energy interval has been investigated in most detail. Second, only in this interval are the experimental data obtained by various authors in a good agreement. Therefore one can draw well-founded conclusions concerning the mechanism of medium-energy ion scattering by solids. Finally, the scientific interest of the authors is of certain importance when choosing the given energy interval.
Can clinical risk factors for late stillbirth in West Africa be detected during antenatal care or only during labour? (2002)

The principal risk factors for late stillbirth observed in our study could be detected only in the late antenatal and intrapartum period. These results highlight the potential benefits of partograph use. They need to be confirmed by studies incorporating continuous intrapartum fetal monitoring.
Algorithmic synthesis of control compensators (2002)

The submodule construction problem is examined from the point of view of the formal specification language LOTOS. A method for the construction of the unknown nth submodule in a system of known n-1 submodules is presented, taking advantage of the finite state machine approach using regular languages. The use of this design method is demonstrated on a communication protocol which uses error detection and retransmission. The authors discuss how the results could be applied to error correction through the synthesis of an nth "corrector module" which when incorporated into the system helps rectify the overall behavior.
Validation of a Computer Model for a Single-truss Tomato Cropping System (1989)

Abstract The accuracy of a computer planning model for the management of a single-truss tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) production system was tested in the greenhouse. The model was used to generate a production schedule for 24 successive crops during a 15-month study. The time, in days, required for an emerging seedling to reach anthesis and the total fresh weight fruit yield were predicted for each of the 24 crops by the planning model. Correlation analysis, used to compare the expected crop response (i.e., data generated by the planning model) to the actual crop response, indicated that both the number of days from emergence to anthesis and fresh weight fruit yield were accurately forecast, r 2 = 0.76 and 0.83, respectively. More important, the cropping schedule that was generated by the planning model successfully produced a continuous harvest of tomatoes from sequential crops.
Energetics of ribonuclease T1 structure (1994)

The energetics of thermal denaturation of two isoforms of ribonuclease T1 (Gln25 and Lys25) in various solvents have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry. It has been shown that the thermal transition of both forms of RNase T1 is strongly affected by slow kinetics, which cause an apparent deviation of the transition from a simple two-state model. By decreasing the heating rate or increasing the transition temperature, the denaturation of RNase approaches an equilibrium two-state transition. This permits determination of the thermodynamic parameters characterizing unfolding of the native structure. These thermodynamic parameters were correlated with the structural features of protein. Analysis of different contributions to the stability of RNase T1 shows that van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonding are the major contributors to the conformational stability of the protein.
Landmarks: Forgotten Black Hole Birth (2004)

The modern concept of a black hole came from a 1939 paper by atom bomb physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer.
Optical diagnostics for plasma-surface interaction in CF4∕Ar radio-frequency inductively coupled plasma during Si and SiO2 etching (2006)

Highly selective etching of SiO2 over Si is central to the manufacture of ultralarge scale integration devices; the process is generally one of reactive ion etching using polymerizing fluorocarbon chemistry. A number of species including electrons, ions, and radicals are generated by reactions in the gas phase and on the surface in the plasma process. A large number of highly reactive fluorine atoms, fluorocarbon radicals, and ions interact with the substrate and produce etch products. These etch products, primarily SiF4 and SiF2, diffuse back into the bulk plasma where they are dissociated and ionized by interactions with electrons, and the resultant products are transported and redeposited onto the substrate and/or wall surface. That is, the plasma structure may differ depending on whether the Si (or SiO2) surface has been exposed to etching or not. Hence, it is essential to investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics of the plasma structure during etching. In this study, measurements of plasma structure during Si or SiO2 etching in CF4∕Ar radio-frequency inductively coupled plasma (rf-ICP) were performed using computerized tomography of optical emission spectroscopy to investigate plasma-surface interactions. We focused on the characteristics of etch products, their daughter products, and the etchant in the gas phase during Si and SiO2 etching in CF4∕Ar rf-ICP and the disturbance of the plasma structure at high amplitudes of LF bias.
Evaluation of diffusible preservatives using an accelerated field simulator. (1995)

An accelerated field simulator was used to evaluate the effectiveness of eight diffusible preservative chemicals in preventing fungal attack of wood. Test samples were treated with the diffusible chemicals and then placed in the soil of the accelerated field simulator for 30 months. Samples were then tested for residual strength in a modified static bending test. Samples were also evaluated for fungal attack by visual and microscopic assessment. Both basidiomycete and soft-rot fungal attack was observed in most samples. In general, compounds containing creosote, sodium fluoride, or borate chemicals performed well in visual assessments, but samples treated with copper naphthenate retained the highest effective strength. Modulus of elasticity correlated well with the visual ratings of the samples in most cases ; however, the visual rating system failed to predict the strength of some individual samples.
Synthesis and characterization of indolicidin, a tryptophan‐rich antimicrobial peptide from bovine neutrophils * (1995)

Indolicidin, a novel tryptophan-rich microbicidal tridecapeptide amide isolated originally from granules of bovine neutrophils, has been prepared by optimized manual and automated protocols of stepwise solid-phase synthesis with N alpha-9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) amino acid derivatives. Both standard polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene glycol-polystyrene (PEG-PS) graft supports were used in combination with handles that provide C-terminal peptide amides: 5-(4-Fmoc-aminomethyl-3,5-dimethoxyphenoxy)valeric acid (PAL) or 5-(9-Fmoc-aminoxanthen-2-oxy)valeric acid (XAL). Final deprotection/cleavage was carried out with reagent K, trifluoroacetic acid-phenol-water-thioanisole-1,2-ethanedithiol (82.5:5:5:5:2.5), or reagent B, trifluoroacetic acid-phenol-water-tri(isopropyl)silane (88:5:5:2), and related cocktails. Initial purities as high as 93% were obtained immediately following cleavage. In the largest-scale synthesis carried out, 0.8 g of HPLC-purified indolicidin (> 99% pure) was obtained, representing a 39% overall yield based on C-terminal Arg(Pmc) anchored to PAL-PS-resin. The main synthetic product, and some by-products, were characterized by analytical high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), sequencing, and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FABMS). The antimicrobial potencies of natural and synthetic indolicidin, as determined by in vitro antibacterial and antifungal assays, were identical. Further, the reactivities of natural and synthetic peptides with anti-indolicidin antibody were indistinguishable.
<i>p</i>-Toluenesulfinic Acid (2001)

(Na saltċH2O) [536-57-2] C7H8O2S (MW 156.22) InChI = 1S/C7H8O2S/c1-6-2-4-7(5-3-6)10(8)9/h2-5H,1H3,(H,8,9) InChIKey = FXJVNINSOKCNJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [824-79-3] C7H9O3NaS (MW 196.22) InChI = 1S/C7H8O2S.Na.H2O/c1-6-2-4-7(5-3-6)10(8)9;;/h2-5H,1H3,(H,8,9);;1H2/q;+1;/p-1 InChIKey = WUHWAOGAJFMIFU-UHFFFAOYSA-M (preparation of alkyl, vinyl, and allyl sulfones; starting material for the preparation of chiral sulfoxides; mild acid catalyst) Physical Data: mp 85 °C; pKa 1.66. The sodium salt hydrate has mp >300 °C.1 Solubility: sol ethanol, ether; sparingly sol water, hot benzene. Form Supplied in: commercially available as the sodium salt hydrate; the lithium salt [16844-27-2] is also available. Preparative Methods: isolation of the free acid via acidification of an aqueous solution of the sodium salt has been described;1b partial conversion to p‐Toluenesulfonic Acid frequently accompanies drying of the free acid. Purification: recrystallizes in water in long rhombic needles or plates. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: should be stored in a cool, dry place away from strong oxidizing agents.
Singularity-Based Four-Bar Linkage Mechanism for Impulsive Torque With High Energy Efficiency (2014)

We propose a mechanism that exploits the singular configuration in a closed-loop four-bar linkage that can produce a high impulsive torque (a high torque for a short period in time) at the start of motion and high angular velocity during the successive motion. Such characteristics make the mechanism suitable for executing with high energy efficiency a certain class of tasks, such as lifting heavy objects. In this paper, we define the singularity-based linkage mechanism (SLM), analyze its characteristics of torque generation and energy efficiency theoretically, and then confirm them experimentally by using an SLM prototype. The performance of the SLM is compared with that of a comparable size parallelogram mechanism (PM). It is shown that the energy efficiency of the SLM comes from the fact that it achieves the high acceleration of the output link in the neighborhood of the singular configuration by providing energy with low current and high voltage to the motor; whereas the typical PM requires high current to produce the comparable impulsive torque.
Whole-exome sequencing identifies novel autosomal recessive <i>DSG1</i> mutations associated with mild SAM syndrome (2015)

Whole-exome sequencing identifies novel autosomal recessive DSG1 mutations associated with mild SAM syndrome
Interband Cascade (IC) Photovoltaic (PV) Architecture for PV Devices (2012)

A photovoltaic (PV) device, comprising a PV interband cascade (IC) stage, wherein the IC PV stage comprises an absorption region with a band gap, the absorption region configured to absorb photons, an intraband transport region configured to act as a hole barrier, and an interband tunneling region configured to act as an electron barrier. An IC PV architecture for a photovoltaic device, the IC PV architecture comprising an absorption region, an intraband transport region coupled to the absorption region, and an interband tunneling region coupled to the intraband transport region and to the adjacent absorption region, wherein the absorption region, the intraband transport region, and the interband tunneling region are positioned such that electrons will flow from the absorption region to the intraband transport region to the interband tunneling region.
An interactive 3D viewer of molecules compatible with the suite of ANTHEPROT programs (2012)

In this paper, I will describe a completely new 3D module which can be called from within the well known ANTHEPROT program devoted to protein sequences analysis. This module allows fully interactive handling of high-quality 3D structures with various modes of representation (CA sticks, wireframe, ball and sticks, spacefill mod-els as well as surface, ribbons, Ramachandran plots). Alternatively, ANTHEPROT 3D can be used as an external program fully independant from the global package. It is available from the download page of the web site (http://antheprot-pbil.ibcp.fr/). More than 2800 downloads last year were recorded since the program was delivered.
Local accumulation and activation of regulatory Foxp3+ CD4 TR cells accompanies the appearance of activated CD8 T cells in the liver (2008)

Although it contains only a small population of quiescent Foxp3(+) CD4 T(R) cells, the liver can rapidly mobilize and/or recruit this T cell control in response to the intrahepatic appearance of peripherally or locally generated CD8 T blasts.
The fluid mechanics and heat transfer of injection mold filling of thermoplastic materials (1976)

Abstract For injection flow of thermoplastic material in thin cavities, with some minor restrictions, both pressure and stream function obey Laplace equations. An analytical‐numerical method, with a generalized viscous model used, is developed for determining the shape of a progressing flow front and for computing flow quantities and temperature distributions. Specifically, flows in a rectangular cavity are solved and compared to experiments.
Accurate fault location and protection scheme for power cable using fault generated high frequency voltage transients (2002)

A new technique for accurate fault location and protection of distribution cable is presented in the paper. A specially designed transient capturing unit is used to extract the fault generated high frequency voltage transient signals from the distribution cable system. The travelling time of the high frequency signal is used to determine the fault position. The scheme is insensitive to fault type, fault resistance, fault inception angle and system source configuration. Studies show that the proposed technique is able to offer a very high accuracy in both fault location and fault detection.
What Will 5G Be? (2014)

What will 5G be? What it will not be is an incremental advance on 4G. The previous four generations of cellular technology have each been a major paradigm shift that has broken backwards compatibility. And indeed, 5G will need to be a paradigm shift that includes very high carrier frequencies with massive bandwidths, extreme base station and device densities and unprecedented numbers of antennas. But unlike the previous four generations, it will also be highly integrative: tying any new 5G air interface and spectrum together with LTE and WiFi to provide universal high-rate coverage and a seamless user experience. To support this, the core network will also have to reach unprecedented levels of flexibility and intelligence, spectrum regulation will need to be rethought and improved, and energy and cost efficiencies will become even more critical considerations. This paper discusses all of these topics, identifying key challenges for future research and preliminary 5G standardization activities, while providing a comprehensive overview of the current literature, and in particular of the papers appearing in this special issue.
Failure in antigen responses by T ceils from patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) (1994)

Antigen-driven responses by T cells from patients with CVID and normal subjects have been assessed. Low-density cells enriched for antigen-presenting dendritic cells were cultured with T cells using a 20-microliters hanging drop system. T cells from all subgroups of CVID patients showed markedly reduced responses to the recall antigens purified protein derivative (PPD) or tetanus toxoid, whereas responses by cells from patients with X-linked agammaglobulinaemia, used as a disease control, were in the normal range. However, primary allo-stimulation of CVID T cells was normal. CVID cells from two patients failed to respond to stimulation with a neoantigen, an HIV env peptide, under conditions where normal T cells did respond. These data illustrate a profound defect in antigen-stimulated T cell proliferation in vitro in all groups of CVID patients, but do not distinguish whether the defect is in the presenting cell or in the T lymphocyte. In vivo, germinal centre B cells are thought to present antigen to primed T cells to obtain essential signals (e.g. CD40 ligand and IL-2) for B cell survival and progression to immunoglobulin secretion. A failure of antigen-specific T cell function in vivo in CVID would thus not provide the primed T cells needed for B cell rescue, and could be the primary defect leading to the low immunoglobulin production in this condition.
Notes (1926)

F. Bell, J. Kenyon, H. V. A. Briscoe, P. L. Robinson, G. E. Stephenson, F. A. Mason, E. S. Hill, R. Child, S. Smiles, L. A. Sayce, R. R. Widdowson, S. R. Humby, M. W. Perrin and R. Sugden, J. Chem. Soc., 1926, 129, 954 DOI: 10.1039/JR9262900954
Islet Amyloid Polypeptide—Hen or EGG in Type 2 Diabetes Pathogenesis? (1993)

Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP or amylin) was first identified as the major peptide constituent of amyloid deposited in the islets of Langerhans in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus or in insulinomas. It was subsequently shown that IAPP is produced by the pancreatic beta-cells, co-stored and co-released with insulin. IAPP is homologous with the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and has therefore been assumed to have a function as an endocrine, paracrine or autocrine hormone. This has prompted the search for its physiological function as well as a putative pathogenic role in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
A comparison among different methods for evaluating the biomass activity in activated sludge systems: preliminary results (2002)

In order to improve activated sludge plant operation (achieving higher efficiency and cost savings) beside influent and effluent characteristics and working parameters (e.g. dissolved oxygen, total and volatile suspended solids, pH, recirculation flow rate, etc.), the biomass activity should be monitored, the bacteria being responsible for the pollutant degradation. Since conventional cultivation based methods are inadequate to quantify environmental microorganisms (due to scarce number of cultivable microorganisms and time-consuming procedures) several "non-conventional" techniques were applied in this study, in order to compare the obtainable information and their routine feasibility. Different measurements (VSS concentration, Oxygen Uptake Rate, microbial counts by cultural and biomolecular methods--MPN-PCR, ATP content, dehydrogenase activity, microbial cell viability and enzymatic activity) were carried out on mixed liquor samples, taken from a municipal activated sludge plant (440,000 p. e.). The preliminary results of the research are presented in this paper.