gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pressure-Activated Sealant Economically Repairs Casing Leaks on Prudhoe Bay Wells (2009)

Abstract Pressure activated sealant was used to repair casing leaks in two Prudhoe Bay, Alaska oil wells without the use of a rig workover. The significance of the treatments, development of job screening criteria, and job planning and execution are reviewed. Production casing leaks are a frequent problem in mature oil fields, particularly where there is corrosion. Wells with casing leaks usually do not meet well operating criteria so they must be shut-in, causing a loss in valuable production. Casing leaks normally require a rig workover to repair since the tubing often has to be removed. Rig workovers are very expensive in offshore locations, remote areas, and harsh climates. Special pressure activated sealants, diagnostic tools, and treatment techniques have been developed to find and repair casing leaks without removing the tubing. Case studies of three Prudhoe Bay production wells describe how pressure activated sealant successfully repaired the small casing leaks in two wells without removing the tubing. The third well was not treated because it did not meet the screening criteria. One case study was unusual because the sealant fixed four deep casing leaks with one treatment. The case studies show how refinements in diagnostic techniques, candidate screening, and treatment planning and execution have resulted in the successful application of pressure activated sealant to repairing casing leaks in producing wells and in one case repaired four leaks with one treatment. Using pressure activated sealant to repair casing leaks can result in significant cost savings and return wells to production sooner. The treatment can be particularly useful in mature fields with corrosion problems and in offshore, remote, and arctic fields where rig workovers are expensive and rig availability is limited.
Analysis of the operational risk sources in electric utilities (2015)

The aim of this study is to review the state of the art and the opinion of experts of organizations to define if it is possible to adapt the guidelines issued for the banking sector by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision of the Bank for International Settlements (BCBS-BIS) concerning the administration of the Operational Risks (OpR). After defining the adaptation of BCBS-BIS guidelines to companies different from those of the banking sector, a case study that empirically underpins the feasibility of implementing the BCBS-BIS guidelines is presented. For the selection of the case study a country is defined based on the opinion of the major risk rating agencies and for the selection of the company the criteria is based on the economic and social impact within the selected country. Finally, several OpR in the research unit have been obtained from secondary data sources in the industry, so the foundations have been established for the realization of future ad-hoc research within that organization. Likewise the feasibility of implementing and adapting the BCBS-BIS guidelines in any non-financial sector is also confirmed.
Color Image Quantization Using Color Variation Measure (2007)

In this paper, a novel color image quantization algorithm is presented. This new algorithm addresses the question of how to incorporate the principle of human visual perception to color variation sensitivity into color image quantization process. Color variation measure (CVM) is calculated first in CIE Lab color space. CVM is used to evaluate color variation and to coarsely segment the image. Considering both color variation and homogeneity of the image, the number of colors that should be used for each segmented region can be determined. Finally, CF-tree algorithm is applied to classify pixels into their corresponding palette colors. The quantized error of our proposed algorithm is small due to the combination of human visual perception and color variation. Experimental results reveal the superiority of the proposed approach in solving the color image quantization problem
PrP<sup>C</sup>Homodimerization Stimulates the Production of PrP<sup>C</sup>Cleaved Fragments PrPN1 and PrPC1 (2012)

An endoproteolytic cleavage termed α-cleavage between residues 111/112 is a characteristic feature of the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)). This cleavage generates a soluble N-terminal fragment (PrPN1) and a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored C-terminal fragment (PrPC1). Independent studies demonstrate that modulating PrP(C) α-cleavage represents a potential therapeutic strategy in prion diseases. The regulation of PrP(C) α-cleavage is unclear. The only known domain that is essential for the α-cleavage to occur is a hydrophobic domain (HD). Importantly, the HD is also essential for the formation of PrP(C) homodimers. To explore the role of PrP(C) homodimerization on the α-cleavage, we used a well described inducible dimerization strategy whereby a chimeric PrP(C) composed of a modified FK506-binding protein (Fv) fused with PrP(C) and termed Fv-PrP is incubated in the presence of a dimerizer AP20187 ligand. We show that homodimerization leads to a considerable increase of PrP(C) α-cleavage in cultured cells and release of PrPN1 and PrPC1. Interestingly, enforced homodimerization increased PrP(C) levels at the plasma membrane, and preventing PrP(C) trafficking to the cell surface inhibited dimerization-induced α-cleavage. These observations were confirmed in primary hippocampal neurons from transgenic mice expressing Fv-PrP. The proteases responsible for the α-cleavage are still elusive, and in contrast to initial studies we confirm more recent investigations that neither ADAM10 nor ADAM17 are involved. Importantly, PrPN1 produced after PrP(C) homodimerization protects against toxic amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers. Thus, our results show that PrP(C) homodimerization is an important regulator of PrP(C) α-cleavage and may represent a potential therapeutic avenue against Aβ toxicity in Alzheimer's disease.
Information-Flow Security for a Core of JavaScript (2012)

Tracking information flow in dynamic languages remains an important and intricate problem. This paper makes substantial headway toward understanding the main challenges and resolving them. We identify language constructs that constitute a core of Java Script: objects, higher-order functions, exceptions, and dynamic code evaluation. The core is powerful enough to naturally encode native constructs as arrays, as well as functionalities of Java Script's API from the document object model (DOM) related to document tree manipulation and event processing. As the main contribution, we develop a dynamic type system that guarantees information-flow security for this language.
Behaviors of Bubbles in Front of a Solidifying Interface (2000)

By means of a solidifying water model, we investigated the influence of the concentration boundary layer on the behavior of fine bubbles (less than 60 μ m in diameter) near the solidifying interface. The solidifying interface of water solution was moved horizontally from the left to the right side of the solidifying cell. In the vicinity of the solidifying interface of a non-surfactant (NaCl) water solution, fine bubbles were moving upward, no matter how close they were from the solidifying interface. However, in the case of a surfactant (C 8 H 17 SO 3 Na) water solution, once the distance between bubbles and the solidifying interface was less than 90∼100 μ m, bubbles were found to move horizontally toward the solidifying interface, and then were entrapped by it. This phenomenon can be attributed to the surfactant concentration gradient inside the boundary layer, which results in a surface tension gradient around the surface of bubbles. Experimental results can be quantitatively explained fairly well with theoretical analysis.
Fractionation of Lipids by Countercurrent distribution (1963)

Abstract The application of countercurrent distribution to the fractionation of lipids both for analytical and preparative purposes, is presented. The method has been applied to the separation of a wide variety of lipids including: fatty acids, methylesters of fatty acids, glycerides, phospholipids, derivatives of phospholipids, complex lipid mixtures and non‐lipid contaminants.
A bibliography of monographic works on biomaterials and biocompatibility (1993)

Organizing and accessing biomaterials-related information is problematic because of the interdisciplinary nature of the field. Relevant information appears in the literature of numerous science and technology subdisciplines and there is no one index or database that covers all of the related publications. An additional barrier to information retrieval is the lack of a thesaurus for the field. Multiple terms representing the same concepts are currently employed and it is not always readily apparent which terms to use in a literature search. As an aid for students and researchers in the discipline, the author provides an indexed bibliography of English language monographic works on biomaterials and biocompatibility published after 1973.
Physicochemical Properties of Banana Fruit Starch and Starch Components (1974)

Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Bombay 400032 <em>Manuscript received 21 December 1973; revised 27 May 1974 1 accepted 17 June 1974</em> Granular starches were extracted from banana fruits viz : Basrai, Harichal, Lalkel (variety of <em>\(Musa\) \(cavendishii\)), </em>Rajeli, Sated Velchi (variety of <em>\(Musa\) \(paradiciaca\)) </em>and studied for their intrinsic viscosity, alkali number, blue value, iodine binding capacity, and amylose contents. The starches were fractionated into theft amylose (Fraction A) and amylopectin (Fraction B) components. intrinsic viscosity, beta-amylolysis limit and unit chain length of amylose and amylopectin were studied. Beta-amylolysis of amylose varied from 76 to 98 percent.
Micronutrients as Nutriceutical Interventions in Diabetes Mellitus (1998)

Hyperglycemia portends chronic complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and substantial benefits are associated with "tight" glycemic control. Other interventions should either enhance glycemic control per se or add benefit to an established degree of glycemic control. Several micronutrients enhance insulin action and others offer promise in countering the untoward consequences of hyperglycemia. Supplements of micronutrients including the vitamins niacin (as niacinamide), C and E and the minerals zinc, chromium and vanadium have been studied. For the purpose of this review, the term "nutriceutic" refers to supplementation on the order of 2 to 10 times the RDA for which a benefit is linked to a mechanism of action. Benefits associated with "nutriceutic" supplementation are reported in small trials for vitamins C and E and these supplements are safe and affordable from food or tablet sources. A dietary strategy adding 200-600 mg of vitamin C and 100 IU of vitamin E to a healthy dietary pattern is worthy of consideration as an intervention for individuals with IDDM.
Traffic sign recognition using hybrid features descriptor and artificial neural network classifier (2016)

Traffic Sign Recognition (TSR) system is a significant component of Intelligent Transport System (ITS) as traffic signs assist the drivers to drive more safely and efficiently. This paper represents a new approach for TSR system using hybrid features formed by two robust features descriptors, named Histogram Oriented Gradient(HOG) features and Speeded Up Robust Features(SURF) and artificial neural network (ANN) classifier. In the detection step, the region of interest (sign area) is segmented using color based thresholding algorithm, post processed to filter the unwanted region. Next robust features vector named Distance to Borders (DtBs) of the segmented blob is formed to verify the shape of the traffic sign. Finally the recognition of the traffic sign is implemented using ANN classifier upon the training of hybrid features descriptor. The proposed system simulated on offline road scene images shows a high classification rate in the recognition stage. The performance of the ANN model is illustrated in terms of cross entropy, confusion matrix and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. In addition, the performance of hybrid feature descriptor is compared with recognition based on HOG and SURF descriptor respectively. Also, performances of some classifier such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Trees, Ensembles Learners (Adaboost) and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) classifier are assessed with ANN approach. The simulation results illustrates that recognition using hybrid feature descriptor outperforms in all classifier and the recognition accuracy of ANN is higher than classifier stated above.
Mechanical Antennas: Emerging Solution for Very-Low Frequency (VLF) Communication (2018)

This paper presents the concept of mechanical antennas for long range and under water communication systems and addresses its challenges and the corresponding solutions. In this approach, instead of using conventional antennas driven by a power source or oscillator, the radiation is mainly due to charge acceleration under mechanical forces provided in an engineered fashion. As illustrating examples, the radiation associated with rotating dipole charges and rotating magnets are theoretically derived and radiated power dependency on the frequency of rotation, dipole moment, required mechanical force and radius of rotation are investigated. The concept of magneto-dielectric resonance is finally utilized to enhance the radiated electric field from the mechanical antenna system by around 100 dB.
Isolation of microRNA targets by miRNP immunopurification (2007)

microRNAs (miRNAs) serve as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, by guiding effector complexes (miRNPs) to target RNAs. Although considerable progress has been made in computational methods to identify miRNA targets, only a relatively limited assessment of their ability to function in vivo has been reported. Here we describe an alternative approach to miRNA target identification based on a biochemical method for purifying miRNP complexes with associated miRNAs and bound mRNA targets. Microarray analysis revealed a high degree of enrichment for miRNA complementary sites in the 3'UTRs of the miRNP-associated mRNAs. mRNAs specifically associated with an individual miRNA were identified by comparing the miRNP-associated mRNAs from wild-type flies and mutant flies lacking miR-1, and their regulation by the miRNA was validated. This approach provides a means to identify functional miRNA targets based on their physical interaction in vivo.
Adaptive Multimode Hybrid Precoding for Single-RF Virtual Space Modulation With Analog Phase Shift Network in MIMO Systems (2017)

In this paper, we propose a novel transmission approach, namely, analog precoding-aided virtual space modulation (APAVSM), and its corresponding multimode hybrid precoder designs in the multiple-input multiple-output system. We consider the system equipped with a single radio frequency chain and a phase shift network. Our proposed designs can attain benefits of both beamforming and spatial modulation, and therefore enable the significant signal-to-noise power ratio enhancement with efficient degrees of freedom utilization and low cost. We elaborate APAVSM and formulate the multimode hybrid precoder design problem. To solve the problem, we impose restrictions on the number of candidate modes for selection, and propose the hybrid precoder design approach in which two non-convex max-min problems are solved sequentially by iterative approaches. To trade off between error rate and complexity, we propose alternative designs by reducing the dimensionality and/or relaxing constraints. Moreover, by the concept of beamspace, heuristic algorithms are proposed with extremely low complexities. We offer complexity analyses for proposed design approaches. Simulations in Ralyigh fading and millimeter-wave (mmWave) channels are used to evaluate the proposed designs. Results show that our designs can outperform the existing SM-MIMO systems, and provide the feasible operation in mmWave channels with severe path loss. Moreover, the superiority of proposed designs to the conventional precoding-aided MIMO systems is numerically demonstrated.
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, including methotrexate,|gold, sulfasalazine, antimalarials, and D-penicillamine (1996)

Conaghan, Philip G. MB, BS, FRACP; Brooks, Peter MD, FRACP, FAFRM, FAFPHM Author Information
A single chip solution for closed caption decoding (1992)

A single CMOS chip for closed caption decoding is described. The performance of this chip in the area of data acquisition was high because of intensive use of digital signal processing techniques. This also reduces the amount of external components. The chip can be operated in a stand-alone mode or under control of a microcomputer found in TV sets. The chip has enough space in the form of ROM capacity and built-in microcontroller for future extensions to the standard.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fungitoxicity of binary mixtures of citral, cinnamic aldehyde, menthol and lemon grass oil against Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus stolonifer (1988)

A shake culture technique was used to assay the fungitoxicity towards Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus stolonifer of citral (CI), cinnamic aldehyde (CA) and menthol (ME), at concn. of 25 and 50 mug/ml, and of 1:1 binary mixtures of CI + CA, CI + ME and CA + ME, at concn. of 50 and 100 mug/ml. A further study compared the fungitoxicity of CI (at 50 and 100 mug/ml) and lemon grass oil (at 50, 69.4, 100 and 138.9 mug/ml); lemon grass oil consists of 72% citral. The results obtained indicated that CI, CA and ME exhibit synergism in their fungitoxicity and that, at equal concn., lemon grass oil is less antifungal than CI. It is suggested that when mixtures of the above compounds are used to flavour foods they may also act as preservatives. [See also FSTA (1987) 19 10T31.
<i>In vivo</i> stimulation of oestrogen receptor α increases insulin‐stimulated skeletal muscle glucose uptake (2011)

Previous studies suggest oestrogen receptor α (ERα) is involved in oestrogen-mediated regulation of glucose metabolism and is critical for maintenance of whole body insulin action. Despite this, the effect of direct ERα modulation in insulin-responsive tissues is unknown. The purpose of the current study was to determine the impact of ERα activation, using the ER subtype-selective ligand propylpyrazoletriyl (PPT), on skeletal muscle glucose uptake. Two-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats, ovariectomized for 1 week, were given subcutaneous injections of PPT (10 mg kg⁻¹), oestradiol benzoate (EB; 20 μg kg⁻¹), the ERβ agonist diarylpropionitrile (DPN, 10 mg kg⁻¹) or vehicle every 24 h for 3 days. On the fourth day, insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose uptake was measured in vitro and insulin signalling intermediates were assessed via Western blotting.Activation of ERα with PPT resulted in increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into the slow-twitch soleus and fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL)muscles, activation of insulin signalling intermediates (as measured by phospho-Akt (pAkt) and pAkt substrate (PAS)) and phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). GLUT4 protein was increased only in the EDL muscle. Rats treated with EB or DPN for 3 days did not show an increase in insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose uptake compared to vehicle-treated animals. These new findings reveal that direct activation of ERα positively mediates glucose uptake and insulin action in skeletal muscle. Evidence that oestrogens and ERα stimulate glucose uptake has important implications for understanding mechanisms of glucose homeostasis, particularly in postmenopausal women.
User interface design (1994)

Part 1 Introduction: interacting with computers interface widgets four approaches to human-computer interaction. Part 2 Empirical approach: experimental methodology experimental designs and analysis hazards. Part 3 Cognitive approach: mental models human information processing connectionist and neural network models metaphors and analogies spatial reasoning and graphics attentional resources. Part 4 Predictive modelling approach: the model human processor GOMS - ngomsl production systems grammar representations. Part 5 Anthropomorphic approach: human-human communication natural interface design - alterantive input methods natural interface design - perceptual and cognitive mismatches affordances, constraints and world knowledge. Part 6 Issues in HCI (Application of Approaches): feedback menu displays database applications groupware.
Characterization of Synthetic Polymers by Size-exclusion Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (1996)

Size-exclusion chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (SEC/ESI-MS) was studied for the characterization of polydisperse synthetic polymers having different polarities. Reconstructed-ion currents and the number of oligomers observed were found to depend strongly on both the level of cationization salt and the cone voltage setting, with the less polar polymers requiring a higher salt concentration in the tetrahydrofuran mobile phase. The polymers, poly(tetrahydrofuran), poly(methylmethacrylate), polyester and poly(styrene) were characterized in terms of repeating units and end-groups and used to compute accurate calibration curves for the SEC column. Thus the on-line SEC/ESI-MS approach can overcome the drawbacks of both SEC (unreliable calibration) and MS (molecular weight distributions skewed to lower masses in cases of polydisperse polymers). In addition, the flexibility of SEC/ESI-MS using a tri-coaxial sheath-flow interface for post-column addition of cationization salt in appropriate solvents was briefly studied.
Facial tracking method for noncontact respiration rate monitoring (2010)

A non-contact method of monitoring respiration rate is developed. The approach involved tracking a facial region of interest (ROI) associated with respiration in thermal images. Image processing techniques were used to enhance the recorded thermal images and to remove unwanted noise. The skin surface area centered on the tip of the nose was specified by a circle that covered the region affected by respiration process. Feature extraction and signal processing methods were applied to this region to compute the respiration rate. It was demonstrated that the method could successfully track the ROI for both regular and random head movement types and could determine respiration rate in a noncontact manner. Further work is in progress to enhance the algorithm so that it can cope with very large head movements.
VLSI integration of SiGe epitaxial base bipolar transistors (2002)

This paper presents the state of the art concerning integrated Si/Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x//Si heterojunction bipolar transistors (SiGe HBTs), with special emphasis on what are the real strong points of the device, once integration constraints have been accounted for. A review of some representative technologies is given, with a tentative classification according to the tradeoff which has been chosen between performance, integrability and process complexity. Examples of low-cost integration of SiGe HBTs in an industrial BiCMOS technology are provided as an illustration.