gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Satellite Observations on the UM-4DVar Analysis and Prediction System at KMA (2011)

UK Met Office Unified Model (UM) is a grid model applicable for both global and regional model configurations. The Met Office has developed a 4D-Var data assimilation system, which was implemented in the global forecast system on 5 October 2004. In an effort to improve its Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) system, Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) has adopted the UM system since 2008. The aim of this study is to provide the basic information on the effects of satellite data assimilation on UM performance by conducting global satellite data denial experiments. Advanced Tiros Operational Vertical Sounder (ATOVS), Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI), Special Sensor Microwave Imager Sounder (SSMIS) data, Global Positioning System Radio Occultation (GPSRO) data, Air Craft (CRAFT) data, Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) data were assimilated in the UM global system. The contributions of assimilation of each kind of satellite data to improvements in UM performance were evaluated using analysis data of basic variables; geopotential height at 500 hPa, wind speed and temperature at 850 hPa and mean sea level pressure. The statistical verification using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) showed that most of the satellite data have positive impacts on UM global analysis and forecasts.
Receptors of the Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Family of Neurotrophic Factors Signal Cell Survival through the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Pathway in Spinal Cord Motoneurons (1999)

The members of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family of neurotrophic factors (GDNF, neurturin, persephin, and artemin) are able to promote in vivo and in vitro survival of different neuronal populations, including spinal cord motoneurons. These factors signal via multicomponent receptors that consist of the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase plus a member of the GDNF family receptor alpha (GRFalpha) family of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked coreceptors. Activation of the receptor induces Ret phosphorylation that leads the survival-promoting effects. Ret phosphorylation causes the activation of several intracellular pathways, but the biological effects caused by the activation of each of these pathways are still unknown. In the present work, we describe the ability of the GDNF family members to promote chicken motoneuron survival in culture. We show the presence of Ret and GFRalpha-1, GFRalpha-2, and GFRalpha-4 in chicken motoneurons using in situ hybridization and reverse transcription-PCR techniques. By Western blot analysis and kinase assays, we demonstrate the ability of these factors to induce the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI 3-kinase) and the extracellular regulated kinase (ERK)-mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways activation. To characterize the involvement of these pathways in the survival effect, we used the PI 3-kinase inhibitor LY 294002 and the MAP kinase and ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitor PD 98059. We demonstrate that LY 294002, but not PD 98059, prevents GDNF-, neurturin-, and persephin-induced motoneuron survival, suggesting that PI 3-kinase intracellular pathway is responsible in mediating the neurotrophic effect.
Receptors Of Atrial Natriuretic Factor (1992)

Macrophage polarization refers to how macrophages have been activated at a given point in space and time. Polarization is not fixed, as macrophages are sufficiently plastic to integrate multiple signals, such as those from microbes, damaged tissues, and ...Read More
Scheduling and Network Coding for Relay-Aided Wireless Broadcast: Optimality and Heuristic (2013)

This paper considers the problems of minimizing the completion time and reducing decoding complexity for relay-aided wireless broadcast. Both network coding and scheduling problems are considered. A deterministic network coding algorithm is designed to select innovative encoding vectors, which is applicable to both the base station and the relay. The proposed algorithm can reduce decoding complexity significantly by selecting sparse encoding vectors. Integrating with the proposed network coding algorithm, a scheduling scheme based on dynamic programming is proposed, which is proved to be optimal in terms of minimizing expected completion time. Considering the size of state space and computational complexity of dynamic programming, a greedy scheduling algorithm is also proposed for practical implementation. Simulation shows that the proposed network coding algorithm and scheduling schemes work very well both in reducing completion time and in decoding complexity.
Sclerostin antibody improves skeletal parameters in a Brtl/+ mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta (2012)

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic bone dysplasia characterized by osteopenia and easy susceptibility to fracture. Symptoms are most prominent during childhood. Although antiresorptive bisphosphonates have been widely used to treat pediatric OI, controlled trials show improved vertebral parameters but equivocal effects on long-bone fracture rates. New treatments for OI are needed to increase bone mass throughout the skeleton. Sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab) therapy is potently anabolic in the skeleton by stimulating osteoblasts via the canonical wnt signaling pathway, and may be beneficial for treating OI. In this study, Scl-Ab therapy was investigated in mice heterozygous for a typical OI-causing Gly→Cys substitution in col1a1. Two weeks of Scl-Ab successfully stimulated osteoblast bone formation in a knock-in model for moderately severe OI (Brtl/+) and in WT mice, leading to improved bone mass and reduced long-bone fragility. Image-guided nanoindentation revealed no alteration in local tissue mineralization dynamics with Scl-Ab. These results contrast with previous findings of antiresorptive efficacy in OI both in mechanism and potency of effects on fragility. In conclusion, short-term Scl-Ab was successfully anabolic in osteoblasts harboring a typical OI-causing collagen mutation and represents a potential new therapy to improve bone mass and reduce fractures in pediatric OI.
Obstacle avoidance algorithm based on biological patterns for anthropomorphic robot manipulator (2006)

This study addresses the problem of collision-free controlling of 3-DOF (degree of freedom) anthropomorphic manipulators with given a priori unrestricted trajectory. The robot constraints resulting from the physical robot's actuators are also taken into account during the robot movement. Obstacle avoidance algorithm is based on penalty function, which is minimized when collision is predicted. Mathematical construction of penalty function and minimization process allows modeling of variety behaviors of robot elusion moves. Implementation of artificial neural network (ANN) inside the control process gives the additional flexibility needed to remember most important robot behaviors based on biological pattern of human arm moves. Thanks to the fast collisions' detection, the presented algorithm appears to be applicable to the industrial real-time implementations. Numerical simulations of the anthropomorphic manipulator operating in three dimensional space with obstacles is also presented
EQUIVARIANT SURFACES IN 3-MANIFOLDS WITH ABELIAN GROUP ACTIONS (1989)

Let G be a finite group acting on a closed, connected, orientable 3-manifold M as a group of orientation preserving diffeomorphisms. A closed orientable surface F embedded in M is said to be G-equivariant if, for each gEG, either gFnF=: ip or F=gF. If M contains an incompressible 2-sphere S, that is, S does not bound any 3-ball in
A RDF-based model for expressing spatio-temporal relations between Web sites (2003)

The paper proposes a high-level model to represent spatio-temporal relations between Web sites or fragments of Web sites in order to facilitate resource discovery, cataloging or describe information. This model is based on the Resource Description Framework (RDF) recommendation of the World-Wide Web Consortium, a general purpose technology that enables the description of resources on the Web. The representation of the spatio-temporal relationships is expressed by an XML-based language.
A Posture Recognition-Based Fall Detection System for Monitoring an Elderly Person in a Smart Home Environment (2012)

We propose a novel computer vision based fall detection system for monitoring an elderly person in a home care application. Background subtraction is applied to extract the foreground human body and the result is improved by using certain post-processing. Information from ellipse fitting and a projection histogram along the axes of the ellipse are used as the features for distinguishing different postures of the human. These features are then fed into a directed acyclic graph support vector machine (DAGSVM) for posture classification, the result of which is then combined with derived floor information to detect a fall. From a dataset of 15 people, we show that our fall detection system can achieve a high fall detection rate (97.08%) and a very low false detection rate (0.8%) in a simulated home environment.
Part R, Arthropoda 4, vol. 1 & 2, ch. 1, p. 1-120 (1969)

Comparison of the chapter on Introduction to Classification of Arthropoda with the next one on Evolution and Affinities of Onychophora, Myriapoda, Hexapoda, and Crustacea, written earlier, shows how one complements the other in stressing important common features of main groups as contrasted with equally important differences.
Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (1983)

The greatest advantage of posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) is that it dynamically decompresses neural structures by holding the vertebral bodies apart and fusing them into a single motion segment. After ten years of experience with PLIF, the authors recommend a technique that enhances a high rate of fusion by utilizing the following four biomechanical principles: (1) preservation of the integrity of the posterior portion of the motion segment; (2) partial preservation of the integrity of the cortical end-plates; (3) attempted maximal removal of the disc material; and (4) one-piece grafts, as applied to PLIF, a “unigraft” concept, to fill all the disc space compactly with autogenous bone grafts. In a series of 465 cases of PLIF with a follow-up period of at least one year, the authors achieved a fusion rate of 88% and satisfactory clinical results in 82%. The fusion rate and clinical result are further investigated in six different clinical entities: lateral herniated disc, midline disc, degenerative disc, recurrent disc, spinal stenosis, and unstable spine. PLIF, as currently conceived, is an important technique in the surgical management of lumbar disc diseases.
Rapid Prenatal Diagnosis of Aneuploidy Using Quantitative Fluorescence-PCR (QF-PCR) (2005)

Molecular cytogenetic aneuploidy testing for pregnant women at increased risk of chromosome abnormality leads to rapid reassurance for those with normal results and earlier decisions on pregnancy management in the case of abnormality. We tested 9080 prenatal samples using a one-tube QF-PCR test for trisomies 13, 18, and 21; the abnormality rate was 5.9%. There were no misdiagnoses for non-mosaic trisomy. A sex chromosome multiplex was developed that detects structural sex chromosome abnormalities as well as aneuploidies. The sex chromosome test was targeted at pregnancies (272) with specific abnormalities suggestive of Turner syndrome; 13.2% showed 45,X, confirmed by follow-up analysis.
Comparison of Decalcified Freeze–Dried Bone Allograft and Porous Particulate Hydroxyapatite in Human Periodontal Osseous Defects (1989)

The purpose of this study was to clinically compare the healing potential of the osteoinductive decalcified freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) with an osteoconductive synthetic graft, particulate porous hydroxyapatite (HA). Six patients ranging in age from 28 to 52 (mean age 42.6) participated in this investigation. They were without significant systemic disorders and had advanced periodontitis with at least two comparable periodontal defects. Each patient received initial therapy consisting of oral hygiene instruction, scaling, root planing, and occlusal adjustment as indicated. Probing pocket depth, gingival recession, attachment levels, and bleeding on probing were recorded in the posthygiene phase of therapy. Alveolar crest height and depth of osseous defect were obtained at the time of surgery. The cemento-enamel junction was used as the fixed reference point. All measurements were repeated at the time of a 6-month reentry. There was no significant difference in any of the soft tissue measurements when DFDBA and HA were compared. However, both treatment modalities reduced pocket depth and demonstrated a gain in clinical attachment levels. There was 2.2 mm of bone repair with DFDBA and 2.1 mm with HA. These values corresponded to a percent defect fill of 61% for DFDBA and 53% for HA. These values were likewise not statistically different.
Studies on intestinal absorption of amino acids and a dipeptide in a case of Hartnup disease (1970)

A severely affected case of Hartnup disease is reported, where the patient responded rapidly to nicotinamide. This supports the view that all the clinical features, except reduced stature from general nutritional defect, are secondary to tryptophan and nicotinamide deficiency rather than to an unknown toxic factor. Severe malabsorption of both tryptophan and phenylalanine was demonstrated. The dipeptide carnosine was absorbed normally whereas when the two constituent amino acids, beta-alanine and L-histidine, were ingested, absorption of the former was normal but that of the latter was grossly defective. The suggestion is advanced that in cases of Hartnup disease protein nutrition is maintained by intestinal uptake of amino acids as oligopeptides rather than as free amino acids. By contrast, both modes of absorption are probably important in normal subjects. Radiology of the small intestine is abnormal in Hartnup disease when a large amount of protein is admixed with the barium meal.
KDP Aqueous Solution-in-Oil Microemulsion for Ultra-Precision Chemical-Mechanical Polishing of KDP Crystal (2017)

A novel functional KH₂PO₄ (KDP) aqueous solution-in-oil (KDP aq/O) microemulsion system for KDP crystal ultra-precision chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) was prepared. The system, which consisted of decanol, Triton X-100, and KH₂PO₄ aqueous solution, was available at room temperature. The functional KDP aq/O microemulsion system was systematically studied and applied as polishing solution to KDP CMP technology. In this study, a controlled deliquescent mechanism was proposed for KDP polishing with the KDP aq/O microemulsion. KDP aqueous solution, the chemical etchant in the polishing process, was caged into the micelles in the microemulsion, leading to a limitation of the reaction between the KDP crystal and KDP aqueous solution only if the microemulsion was deformed under the effect of the external force. Based on the interface reaction dynamics, KDP aqueous solutions with different concentrations (<i>c</i><sub>KDP</sub>) were applied to replace water in the traditional water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsion. The practicability of the controlled deliquescent mechanism was proved by the decreasing material removal rate (MRR) with the increasing of the <i>c</i><sub>KDP</sub>. As a result, the corrosion pits on the KDP surface were avoided to some degree. Moreover, the roughnesses of KDP with KDP aq/O microemulsion (<i>c</i><sub>KDP</sub> was changed from 10 mM to 100 mM) as polishing solutions were smaller than that with the W/O microemulsion. The smallest surface root-mean-square roughness of 1.5 nm was obtained at a 30 mmol/L KDP aq solution, because of the most appropriate deliquescent rate and MRR.
Validation of 2D flood models with insurance claims (2017)

Flood impact modelling requires reliable models for the simulation of flood processes. In recent years, flood inundation models have been remarkably improved and widely used for flood hazard simulation, flood exposure and loss analyses. In this study, we validate a 2D inundation model for the purpose of flood exposure analysis at the river reach scale. We validate the BASEMENT simulation model with insurance claims using conventional validation metrics. The flood model is established on the basis of available topographic data in a high spatial resolution for four test cases. The validation metrics were calculated with two different datasets; a dataset of event documentations reporting flooded areas and a dataset of insurance claims. The model fit relating to insurance claims is in three out of four test cases slightly lower than the model fit computed on the basis of the observed inundation areas. This comparison between two independent validation data sets suggests that validation metrics using insurance claims can be compared to conventional validation data, such as the flooded area. However, a validation on the basis of insurance claims might be more conservative in cases where model errors are more pronounced in areas with a high density of values at risk.
High Yield Production of Heterologous Proteins with Escherichia coli (2009)

The demand for therapeutic recombinant proteins is set to see a significant increase over the next few years. As a consequence, the processes used to produce these proteins must be able to meet market requirements. Recombinant proteins have gained enormous importance for clinical applications. The present paper reviews the fermentation process for high yield scalable production of heterologous recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. Influence of process parameters for the standard  fermentation processes are discussed, and alternative methods that solve the limitations are reviewed together with the methods that yielded in higher productivity of E. coli process. The common problems are scale-up issues, plasmid instability, acetate accumulation and substrate inhibition in the high cell density bioreactor production system. Methods to overcome these issues are described. Solving the problems makes ideal condition for high yield production with E. coli expression system as compared to other systems. Defence Science Journal, 2009, 59(2), pp.137-146 , DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.59.1501
Operation of liquid-crystal displays for optical computing (2005)

We review the operation of both twisted and parallel-aligned nematic liquid-crystal displays (LCD's) for applications in optical computing, image processing, pattern recognition and diffractive optical elements. For these applications, three spatial modulation characteristics are of interest: phase-only, amplitude-only, and combined full amplitude and phase. We review how to achieve these three operating conditions. We begin with a discussion of the Jones matrix model for the twisted-nematic LCD displays. We examine optical configurations for achieving amplitude-only modulation and polarization eigenvectors for achieving phase-only modulation. Then we review an extremely successful technique for obtaining combined full amplitude and phase modulation with a single LCD by spatially modulating the maximum phase depth. Finally we discuss new advances in achieving 2D polarization modulation.
Toxicity and feeding deterrence of crude toxin extracts of <i>Lecanicillium</i> (<i>Verticillium</i>) <i>lecanii</i> (Hyphomycetes) against sweet potato whitefly, <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) (2007)

Crude toxins [toxin(V3450) and toxin(Vp28,) extracted from Lecanicillium (Verticillium) lecanii (Zimmermann) Gams & Zare strain V3450 and Vp28 respectively] were tested for contact toxicity, feeding deterrence and repellent activity against the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Both toxins showed ovicidal activity to eggs, with LC(50) values of 447 and 629 mg L(-1) respectively. Nymphs of B. tabaci were the most susceptible stages (LC(50) values were calculated at 111 mg L(-1) for toxin(V3450) and 216 mg L(-1) for toxin(Vp28)), and adults were the second most susceptible stages (48 h LC(50) values were calculated at 178 mg L(-1) for toxin(V3450) and 438 mg L(-1) for toxin(Vp28)). Applied to seedlings at a concentration of 400 mg L(-1), the toxins significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the hatching of whitefly eggs and the subsequent survival rate of the nymphs, and the emergence and fecundity of the progeny adults. Both toxins exhibited repellent activity at low concentration (100 mg L(-1)), with repellency index (RI) values of 0.645 for toxin(V3450) and 0.642 for toxin(Vp28), and antifeedant activity at high concentration (1000 mg L(-1)) to adults, with antifeedant index (AFI) values of 0.713 for toxin(V3450) and 0.749 for toxin(Vp28). The results of the present study demonstrate the toxicity, repellence and antifeedant properties of the fungi metabolite toxins on B. tabaci, which might develop as environmentally friendly plant protectant(s).
Nanomedicine Current Trends in Diabetes Management (2012)

Improved nanotechnique for in vivo glucose monitoring is a 'smart tattoo' composed of glucose-responsive, fluorescence-based nanosensors implanted into the skin but interrogated from outside the body, thus gives non-invasive measurements. In this method sensors that use fluorescence for detecting analyte changes have some advantages compared to the more usual implanted electrochemical electrodes, as they should not be susceptible to electroactive tissue
Self-reported discomfort associated with use of different nonoxynol-9 spermicides. (1996)

Findings are reported on self-reported genital discomfort in a study of condom and nonoxynol-9 (N-9) use by HIV-discordant couples in Lusaka Zambia. Sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic attenders found to be HIV-positive brought in their regular sex partners for testing. Both members of volunteer serodiscordant couples were counseled and instructed on the use of male condoms and spermicides. Interviews and physical examinations followed. The couples were then supplied with latex nonspermicidal-lubricated condoms and the following spermicidal products: melting suppositories with 100 mg N-9 later replaced by suppositories with 150 mg N-9; gel with approximately 125 mg N-9 per dose; and vaginal film with 70 mg N-9. Study participants were asked to record when intercourse occurred and whether the barrier methods were used. Follow-up visits were scheduled for 3-month intervals until HIV infection withdrawal loss to follow-up or end of study. The 109 couples in the follow-up analysis included 79 female seronegative and 30 female seropositive couples. All women in the study used at least one of the N-9 products but the vaginal film was the most popular. Nine women reported discomfort after spermicide use; four of these women had concurrent trichomoniasis and/or candidiasis upon examination. Discomfort was temporarily associated with each of the three products and only one female genital ulcer was recorded. The rate of self-reported discomfort was lowest among women who used vaginal film exclusively but the numbers are too small to be conclusive.