gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance models for ATM applications over 45 Mb/s satellite facilities (1995)

This paper presents the results of a study aimed at quantifying the satellite facility error performance required to support known ATM applications such as circuit emulation and data services. We start with desired performance objectives at the application layer. At this point, the requirements for ATM applications are in the stage of design and discussion in various standards bodies and expert groups. Subjective and objective testing needs to be performed in a network environment for many of the applications to arrive at final performance requirements. However, in this paper, we have used the performance requirements currently available in standards documents and associated literature as a starting point for performance analysis. Therefore the results reported here should be viewed as being preliminary in nature. Next, we chart the effects of bit errors and burst errors perceived at different levels of the ATM protocol stack. Then, we develop models to relate lower layer impairments to impacts on the higher layer in the ATM protocol stack. We use these relationships to translate objectives for applications into the bit error ratio (BER) performance that will be needed from the satellite transmission facility to meet the objectives. Based on these results, we evaluate the suitability of ITU-T Rec. G.826 for ATM applications or if more stringent objectives are necessary. We plan to conduct both objective and subjective testing of different applications in a trial network environment to refine our understanding of applications requirements.
Characteristics of Alumina Powders Prepared by Spray‐Drying of Boehmite Sol (1994)

Boehmite sol prepared from aluminum nitrate has been spray‐dried to obtain micrometer‐size spherical particles consisting of submicrometer crystallites. The spray‐dried powder was further washed with solvents of varying polarities such as acetone, 2‐propano1, and 2‐methyl‐2‐propanol. Particle‐size distribution, morphology, density, compaction, and sintering characteristics of powders washed with different solvents are reported. The effect of posttreatments on the boehmite‐sol‐derived powders toward reducing agglomeration and obtaining high‐density bodies is discussed.
Validity And Reliability Of Athletes' Self-recorded Food Intake Determined By Doubly-labelled Water (2011)

INTRODUCTION: Estimating the energy intake from an athlete's self-recorded food intake is a routine task of sports dieticians. Methods assessing nutritional intake have been developed for the general population. However, these methods might not be appropriate in athletes, as both eating patterns and nutritional intake of athletes may vary considerably from those of the general population. Therefore, applicability of dietary records might be questioned when used in athletes. PURPOSE: To test validity and reliability of self-recorded food protocols in elite athletes using doubly-labelled water technique (DLW). METHODS: In 16 highly-trained rowers and canoeists (6 females, 10 males; 23 ± 4 yr; BMI 24 ± 2 kg/m2; 17 ± 4 training sessions per week) energy intake (EI) was assessed twice within 14 days using 3-day food records with estimated portion sizes (mean of both records = EImean). Athletes were requested to keep their habitual training and eating patterns. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured using doubly-labelled water technique during the two-week dietary assessment period. Validity of the food records was evaluated by the EImean:TEE ratio, and the bias was calculated as mean difference between TEE and EImean using Bland-Altman analysis. To test for differences between EImean and TEE a paired t-test was applied (α=0.05). Reliability of food records was assessed by calculating the repeated measures coefficient of variation (CV %). RESULTS: Recorded mean energy intake (3584 ± 824 kcal/d) was significantly lower than measured TEE (4621 ± 1460 kcal/d, P = 0.019) in the athletes, which all were weight-stable. Mean bias of food records was calculated -1036 ± 1327 kcal/d. The EImean:TEE ratio of 0.82 ± 0.23 represents underreporting of approximately 18 % of energy intake. For the two records a CV of 24 % was observed. CONCLUSION: When applying self-recorded food intake analysis in athletes, both validity and reliability are poor. Specific dietary analysis methods that consider athletic eating patterns should be developed.
I.—MENTAL PROCESS AND THE CONSCIOUS QUALITY (1923)

Journal Article I.—MENTAL PROCESS AND THE CONSCIOUS QUALITY Get access J. LAIRD J. LAIRD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mind, Volume XXXII, Issue 127, July 1923, Pages 273–288, https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/XXXII.127.273 Published: 01 July 1923
ChemInform Abstract: A Pyrene‐Based Fluorescent Sensor for Zn<sup>2+</sup> Ions: A Molecular “Butterfly”. (2011)

Abstract The title compound (III) self‐assembles in the presence of ZnCl 2 in an exclusively 2:1 ratio.
A new observation of strain-induced slow traps in advanced CMOS technology with process-induced strain using random telegraph noise measurement (2006)

In this paper, the hot-carrier induced oxide trap and its correlation with enhanced degradation in strained CMOS devices have been reported for the first time. First, the I D -RTN (Drain Current Random Telegraph Noise) has been employed to study the HC stress induced slow oxide traps in strained nMOSFETs and pMOSFETs. Secondly, different behavior of the slow traps in nMOSFET and pMOSFET has been observed. Results show that the vertical compressive strain generates extra oxide defects and induces more scattering after the HC stress in CESL nMOSFET. This vertical strain in CESL also contributes to a non-negligible amount of extra device degradation. While, SiGe S/D pMOSFET shows different behavior in that the compressive strain in this structure shows no impact on its reliability.
Inbreeding Depression in Genotypically Matched Diploid and Tetraploid Maize (2020)

The genetic and molecular basis of heterosis has long been studied but without a consensus about mechanism. The opposite effect, inbreeding depression, results from repeated self-pollination and leads to a reduction in vigor. A popular explanation for this reaction is the homozygosis of recessive, slightly deleterious alleles upon inbreeding. However, extensive studies in alfalfa indicated that inbreeding between diploids and autotetraploids was similar despite the fact that homozygosis of alleles would be dramatically different. The availability of tetraploid lines of maize generated directly from various inbred lines provided the opportunity to examine this issue in detail in perfectly matched diploid and tetraploid hybrids and their parallel inbreeding regimes. Identical hybrids at the diploid and tetraploid levels were inbred in triplicate for seven generations. At the conclusion of this regime, F1 hybrids and selected representative generations (S1, S3, S5, S7) were characterized phenotypically in randomized blocks during the same field conditions. Quantitative measures of the multiple generations of inbreeding provided little evidence for a distinction in the decline of vigor between the diploids and the tetraploids. The results suggest that the homozygosis of completely recessive, slightly deleterious alleles is an inadequate hypothesis to explain inbreeding depression in general.
Transmit Antenna Selection in Spatial Correlated MIMO Systems with Correlation-Adapted Iterative Receiver (2006)

In this paper we present a method that combines transmit antenna selection and reduced-constellation detection in spatially correlated MIMO fading channels. To mitigate the performance degradation caused by the use of antenna selection that is based on correlation among columns, we propose an iterative receiver scheme that uses only a subset of the constellation points that are close to the expected symbol value estimated in the previous iteration. The size of the subset can adapt to the maximum correlation of the sub-matrix after the simple antenna selection. The simulation results show a significant advantage both for implementation complexity and for error rate performance under a fixed data rate
Matched spectral-null codes with soft-decision outputs (1995)

Considers the concatenation of an inner matched-spectral-null (MSN) code with an outer error-correcting code to achieve improved performance on a partial-response channel in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise. The authors show how to modify the reduced-complexity Viterbi algorithm of Karabed and Siegel [1991] to produce reliability values for each bit using the procedure proposed by Hagenauer and Hoeher [1989]. These reliability values are then used by the outer decoder to achieve improved performance. The authors simulated a number of codes and observed improvements due to soft-decision decoding of 1-2 db.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Conferences in crisis [President's corner] (2009)

Presents the President's message for this issue of the publication.
Amino Acid Derivatives as Palmitoylethanolamide Prodrugs: Synthesis, In Vitro Metabolism and In Vivo Plasma Profile in Rats (2015)

Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) has antinflammatory and antinociceptive properties widely exploited in veterinary and human medicine, despite its poor pharmacokinetics. Looking for prodrugs that could progressively release PEA to maintain effective plasma concentrations, we prepared carbonates, esters and carbamates at the hydroxyl group of PEA. Chemical stability (pH 7.4) and stability in rat plasma and liver homogenate were evaluated by in vitro assays. Carbonates and carbamates resulted too labile and too resistant in plasma, respectively. Ester derivatives, prepared by conjugating PEA with various amino acids, allowed to modulate the kinetics of PEA release in plasma and stability in liver homogenate. L-Val-PEA, with suitable PEA release in plasma, and D-Val-PEA, with high resistance to hepatic degradation, were orally administered to rats and plasma levels of prodrugs and PEA were measured at different time points. Both prodrugs showed significant release of PEA, but provided lower plasma concentrations than those obtained with equimolar doses of PEA. Amino-acid esters of PEA are a promising class to develop prodrugs, even if they need further chemical optimization.
Statistical fusion of GPR and EMI data (1999)

In this paper, we develop a statistical detection system exploiting sensor fusion for the detection of plastic A/P miens. We design and test the system using data from Monte Carlo electromagnetic induction (EMI) and ground penetrating radar (GPR) simulations. We include the effects of both random soil surface variability and sensor noise. In spite of the presence of a rough surface, we can obtain good result fusing EMI and GPR data using a statistical approach in a simple clutter environment. More generally, we develop a framework for simulation and testing of sensor configurations and sensor fusion approaches for landmine and unexploded ordinance detection systems. Exploiting accurate electromagnetic simulation, we develop a controlled environment for testing sensor fusion concepts, from varied sensor arrangements to detection algorithms, In this environment, we can examine the effect of changing mine structure, soil parameters, and sensor geometry on the sensor fusion problem. We can then generalize these results to produce mine detectors robust to real-world variations.
Chiral switching and fast reversible molecular movement phenomena in crystals (2003)

As found using FTIR, powder diffraction and CD spectrometry, in reversible inclusion complexation between crystalline hosts and gaseous guests, host molecules showed novel chiral switching phenomena: fast and reversible molecular displacement, rotation around the C–C bond, and switching between different hydrogen-bonding patterns.
Beta-Lactamase Activity in Strains of <i>Bacteroides melaninogenicus</i> and <i>Bacteroides oralis</i> (1977)

beta-Lactamase from strains of Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Bacteroides oralis hydrolyzed penicillin more rapidly than ampicillin or carbenicillin. Cephalothin and a chromogenic cephalosporin (87/312) were also hydrolyzed by the enzyme. Activity was found only in beta-lactam-resistant strains, but there was considerable variation in activity among strains having the same minimal inhibitory concentrations of antibiotic. beta-Lactamase activity was cell bound and appeared to be tightly associated with the cell envelope since detergents were required to elute this activity.
Total dose radiation effects in partially-depleted SOI transistors with ultrathin gate oxide (2005)

In this article, total dose effects on thin gate oxide, partially depleted SOI transistors are presented. The thin gate oxide is minimally affected by the radiation, while trapped holes in the buried oxide suppress the second g/sub m/ peak by reducing the float body volume. Ultrathin tunneling oxides enable GIFBE and render the front channel of partially depleted transistors more sensitive to carrier trapping in the BOX. The devices recover during isochronal annealing, approaching the pre-irradiation characteristics at temperatures near 300 /spl deg/C.
Characterization of EngF from <i>Clostridium cellulovorans</i> and Identification of a Novel Cellulose Binding Domain (1998)

The physical and enzymatic properties of noncellulosomal endoglucanase F (EngF) from Clostridium cellulovorans were studied. Binding studies revealed that the Kd and the maximum amount of protein bound for acid-swollen cellulose were 1.8 microM and 7.1 mumol/g of cellulose, respectively. The presence of cellobiose but not glucose or maltose could dissociate EngF from cellulose. N- and C-terminally truncated enzymes showed that binding activity was located at some site between amino acid residues 356 and 557 and that enzyme activity was still present when 20 amino acids but not 45 amino acids were removed from the N terminus and when 32 amino acids were removed from the C terminus; when 57 amino acids were removed from the C terminus, all activity was lost. EngF showed low endoglucanase activity and could hydrolyze cellotetraose and cellopentaose but not cellotriose. Activity studies suggested that EngF plays a role as an endoglucanase during cellulose degradation. Comparative sequence analyses indicated strongly that the cellulose binding domain (CBD) is different from previously reported CBDs.
Ceramics for High‐Temperature Applications (1954)

THE advent of the modern jet‐type power plant for aviation has greatly accelerated the development of new high‐temperature ceramic materials. These power plants are essentially high‐temperature engines which convert heat energy into work. The greater the differential in temperature of the air between the beginning and end of the conversion, the greater the efficiency of the engine. Consequently, turbo‐jets, gas turbines, ram‐jets and rockets have created a demand for materials which will withstand elevated temperatures and vibration and possess good resistance to thermal shock. Ceramic materials seem to offer the best promise of providing these desirable characteristics.
Notes (1955)

R. C. Shah, A. B. Kulkarni, V. M. Thakore, C. Eaborn, J. McLean, S. McLean, R. I. Reed, J. T. Edward, H. P. Hutchison, S. C. R. Meacock, D. S. Popplewell, R. G. Wilkins, G. A. McD. Cummings, A. R. Ubbelohde, M. Neeman, H. C. Carrington, K. W. Sykes, S. C. Townshend, M. C. Ford, R. P. Gandhi, V. S. Gaind, S. M. Mukherji, J. O. Warwicker, D. A. Barr, R. N. Haszeldine, T. R. Govindachari, N. Arumugam, L. Crombie and D. G. Harvey, J. Chem. Soc., 1955, 2515 DOI: 10.1039/JR9550002515
Synthetic procedures via rearrangement of 1,4-dithiocyanatobut-2-enes (1986)

Thermal rearrangement of 1,4-dithiocyanatobut-2-enes, available by either thiocyanogenation of 1,3-dienes or from 1,4-dihalogenobut-2-enes, affords vicinal thiocanatoisothiocyanates, which are trapped to give thiazolidinones or dihydrothiazoles, or indirectly aminothiols.
Folate, Vitamin B12, and Serum Total Homocysteine Levels in Confirmed Alzheimer Disease (1998)

Low blood levels of folate and vitamin B12, and elevated tHcy levels were associated with AD. The stability of tHcy levels over time and lack of relationship with duration of symptoms argue against these findings being a consequence of disease and warrant further studies to assess the clinical relevance of these associations for AD.
An Adaptive Linearized Method for Localizing Video Endoscopic Capsule Using Weighted Centroid Algorithm (2015)

Video Capsule Endoscope (VCE) sends images of abnormalities in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. While the physicians receive these images, they have little idea of their exact location which is needed for proper treatment. The proposed localization system consists of a 3D antenna array (with 8 receiver sensors) and one transmitter embedded inside the electronic capsule. We propose an adaptive linearized method of localization using Weighted Centroid Localization (WCL) where the position is calculated by averaging the weighted sum of the reference positions. In our proposed system, first we identify the path loss attenuation exponents using linear least square regression of the collected data (RSSI versus distance). Then the path loss model is linearized to minimize the path loss deviation which is mainly caused due to the nonhomogeneous environment of radio propagation. Then the instantaneous path loss (PL) measured by the sensors is attenuated to the above linearized model and considered as the weight of the sensors to find the location of the capsule using WCL. Finally a calibration process is applied using linear least square regression. To assess the performance, we model the path loss and implement the algorithm in Matlab for 2,530 possible positions with a resolution of 1 mm. The results show that the algorithm achieves high localization accuracy compared with other related methods when simulated using a 3D small intestine model.
A Homolog of Human Transcription Factor NF-X1 Encoded by the <i>Drosophila shuttle</i> Craft Gene Is Required in the Embryonic Central Nervous System (1996)

NF-X1 is a novel cytokine-inducible transcription factor that has been implicated in the control of immune responses in humans, presumably by regulating expression of class II major histocompatibility genes. Here we report the cloning and genetic characterization of the first reported NF-X1 homolog, which is encoded by the Drosophila melanogaster shuttle craft (stc) gene. The deduced sequence of the fly and human proteins defines a new family of molecules distinguished by a novel cysteine-rich DNA-binding motif (consisting of seven copies of the consensus sequence Cx3Cx3LxCGx0-5HxCx3CHxGxCx2Cx7-9CxC). We have identified and begun a phenotypic characterization of mutations in the stc gene. stc mutants die at the end of embryogenesis, when they appear to be incapable of coordinating the typical peristaltic contraction waves normally required for embryos to hatch into feeding first instar larvae. Preliminary evidence indicates that the resulting lethality of this behavioral defect is accompanied by subtle morphological abnormalities in the central nervous system, where in wild-type embryos, STC protein is normally localized in the nuclei of repeated cell clusters within each neuromere and brain lobe. Thus, the NF-X1 homolog encoded by the Drosophila stc gene defines a new family of putative transcription factors and plays an essential role in the completion of embryonic development. This study presents the first in vivo genetic analysis of a member of this new protein family.
Chemically-Induced Pressure Pulse: A New Fracturing Technology for Unconventional Reservoirs (2015)

Abstract The huge resources of unconventional gas worldwide along with the increasing oil demand make the contribution of unconventional gas to be critical to the world economy. However, one of the major challenges that operators face to produce from unconventional resources is commercial stimulation technique that creates sufficient stimulated reservoir volume. Unconventional reserves trapped within very low permeability formations, such as tight gas, or shale formations, exhibit little or no production, and are thus economically undesirable to develop with existing conventional recovery methods. Such reservoirs require a large fracture network with high fracture conductivity to maximize well performance. One commonly employed technique for stimulating low productivity wells is multi-stage hydraulic fracturing, which is costly and typically involves the injection of high viscosity fluids into the well. Fracturing fluid by itself could form a damaging material for the fracture due to high capillary forces. Thus, additional needs exist for an economical method to enhance production within a tight gas formation. This paper discusses a new stimulation method to increase stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) around wellbore and fracture area, and therefore, improve unconventional gas production. The method entails triggering an exothermic chemical reaction in-situ to generate heat, gas and localized pressure sufficient to create fractures around the wellbore. In controlled experiment, chemical reactants were separately injected into core samples with a minihole and upon mixing inside the core, an exothermic chemical reaction occurred and the resultant heat and gas pressure caused macro-fractures. NMR-porosity imaging showed significant increase in macro pores throughout the core. Additionally Large scale experiments using cement blocks with a simulated wellbore cavity were performed. Once the wellbore was filled with the chemicals and upon introducing a triggering catalyst an in-situ chemical reaction took place which generated heat and gas with sufficient pressure to cause shear fractures in the surrounding rock. These experiments showed extensive fractured and shattered pieces and also provided preliminary design requirements for a field test. The chemical reactants then incorporated into a fracturing gel to simulate creating additional fractured from the main induced hydraulic fracture. The results were very encouraging and the generated high temperature and pressure caused the gel to break thus it is concluded that this technique effectively contribute to fracture cleanup in addition to creating required SRV. The experiments were very successful in proving the new concept of generating SRV in tight gas well and the developed stimulation technique is fairly easy to implement in the field.
An integrated strategy for detection and imaging of damage using a spatially distributed array of piezoelectric sensors (2007)

Permanently attached piezoelectric sensors arranged in a spatially distributed array are under consideration for structural health monitoring systems. Ultrasonic signals transmitted and received between various array elements have been shown to be effective for localizing discrete sites of damage using algorithms based upon changes in signals compared to the undamaged state. Necessary to the success of the various imaging methods which have been proposed is a set of baseline signals recorded under the same conditions as the signals acquired after damage has occurred. Since many conditions other than structural damage can cause changes in ultrasonic signals, proposed here is an integrated strategy whereby damage is first detected and is localized only if the outcome of the detection step is positive. In this manner false alarms can be reduced since signal changes due to benign variations will not be localized and erroneously identified as damage. The detection strategy considers the long time behavior of the signals in the diffuse-like regime where distinct echoes can no longer be identified, whereas the localization strategy is to generate images of damage based upon the early time regime when discrete echoes from boundary reflections and scattering sites are meaningful. Results are shown for an aluminum plate subjected to a combination of temperature variations and introduction of artificial damage.