gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Paramagnetic NMR in solution and the solid state (2018)

The field of paramagnetic NMR has expanded considerably in recent years. This review addresses both the theoretical description of paramagnetic NMR, and the way in which it is currently practised. We provide a review of the theory of the NMR parameters of systems in both solution and the solid state. Here we unify the different languages used by the NMR, EPR, quantum chemistry/DFT, and magnetism communities to provide a comprehensive and coherent theoretical description. We cover the theory of the paramagnetic shift and shift anisotropy in solution both in the traditional formalism in terms of the magnetic susceptibility tensor, and using a more modern formalism employing the relevant EPR parameters, such as are used in first-principles calculations. In addition we examine the theory first in the simple non-relativistic picture, and then in the presence of spin-orbit coupling. These ideas are then extended to a description of the paramagnetic shift in periodic solids, where it is necessary to include the bulk magnetic properties, such as magnetic ordering at low temperatures. The description of the paramagnetic shift is completed by describing the current understanding of such shifts due to lanthanide and actinide ions. We then examine the paramagnetic relaxation enhancement, using a simple model employing a phenomenological picture of the electronic relaxation, and again using a more complex state-of-the-art theory which incorporates electronic relaxation explicitly. An additional important consideration in the solid state is the impact of bulk magnetic susceptibility effects on the form of the spectrum, where we include some ideas from the field of classical electrodynamics. We then continue by describing in detail the solution and solid-state NMR methods that have been deployed in the study of paramagnetic systems in chemistry, biology, and the materials sciences. Finally we describe a number of case studies in paramagnetic NMR that have been specifically chosen to highlight how the theory in part one, and the methods in part two, can be used in practice. The systems chosen include small organometallic complexes in solution, solid battery electrode materials, metalloproteins in both solution and the solid state, systems containing lanthanide ions, and multi-component materials used in pharmaceutical controlled-release formulations that have been doped with paramagnetic species to measure the component domain sizes.
The Surface-Segregated Nanostructure of Fluorinated Copolymer−Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Blend Films (2009)

Two fluorinated/siloxane copolymers, O5/19 and D5/3, carrying 6 and 8 CF(2) groups in the fluoroalkyl tail, respectively, were used as the surface-active components of cured poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) blends at different loadings (0.3-5.0 wt % with respect to PDMS). The surface chemical composition was determined by angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at the takeoff angles theta of 0 degrees, 60 degrees, and 75 degrees. It was found that the fluorinated copolymer was surface-segregated, and in-depth segregation (approximately 5 nm) depended upon the chemical structure of the copolymer. The surface fluorine atomic percentage of the blends with D5/3 was up to 3 orders of magnitude higher than the theoretical value expected for ideal homogeneous samples. Moreover, small amounts of the copolymer in the blends were sufficient to saturate the outermost surface in fluorine content. The chemical composition of the surface-segregated nanostructure of the films was also proven to be affected by external environment, namely, exposure to water.
The utility of p53 immunostaining of transbronchial biopsy specimens of lung cancer: p53 overexpression predicts poor prognosis and chemoresistance in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. (1997)

There are few reports on the p53 status of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and advanced non-SCLC (NSCLC) because surgically resected specimens are generally not available. Therefore, we evaluated p53 immunostaining in 175 transbronchial biopsy (TBB) specimens obtained from patients with all stages of lung cancer and retrospectively evaluated the relationship between p53 status and clinical parameters. All of the specimens were obtained prior to therapy. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded TBB specimens were immunostained using an anti-p53 antibody (DO-1). p53 protein was detected in 55% (61 of 111) of NSCLCs and 58% (37 of 64) of SCLCs. The rate of positivity increased significantly with increasing stage (stages I and II, 45%; stage III, 54%; stage IV, 66%), but not with other clinical parameters. Ninety-five patients were evaluated for their response to chemotherapy. Positive staining for p53 correlated significantly with unresponsiveness to chemotherapy in NSCLC (response rate of 13 versus 60%; P = 0.006), but not in SCLC (80 versus 57%; P = 0.22). p53 positivity was a statistically significant negative prognostic factor for stage III and stage IV NSCLC (P = 0.02), but not for stage I and stage II NSCLC (P = 0.79). There was no survival difference relative to p53 status in SCLC (P = 0.35). These results indicate that p53 overexpression in TBB specimens predicts poor prognosis and chemoresistance in advanced stage NSCLC.
Application-specific Molecular Logic Systems (2005)

This paper describes progress in the development efforts for creating organic organic-based molecular equivalents of legacy systems in existing aircraft and aircraft systems. Utilizing the advances in nanoassembly methodologies, including electric field-based manipulation techniques and advanced organic syntheses, we explore the potential for replicating existing aircraft system functions at nanoscale levels. Targeting a specific electronic system provides opportunity for thorough evaluation of the developed devices within a realistic environment, as well as an avenue for addressing the issues related to creating a viable physical interface and components capable of withstanding actual working conditions. Representative examples of the existing aircraft systems were chosen for the retrofit, and particular logic devices are being investigated for the possibility of replicating their functionality with orders-ofmagnitude smaller and potentially much more efficient molecular equivalents.
Evapotranspiration by Snap Beans Grown in Sand Nutrient Culture<sup>1</sup> (1967)

Abstract Evapotranspiration by snap bean plants was measured by continuously recording changes in volume of solution in a sand‐nutrient culture system. Evapotranspiration rate increased with increased plant growth up to complete leaf canopy coverage over the sand surface. Plants with a complete leaf canopy had a maximum evapotranspiration rate of 1.3 mm per hour at 1300 hour. Daily evapotranspiration had high correlations with vapor pressure deficit and pan evaporation.
A Multivariate Method for Classifying Cultivars and Studying Group × Environment × Trait Interaction (2003)

Classification methods are used in genetic resource conservation and plant breeding. The two‐stage Ward‐Modified Location Model (Ward‐MLM) clustering strategy defines initial groups by the Ward method and the MLM is then used to improve those groups. The three‐way clustering strategy considers the same trait measured in different environments as different variables (environment–trait combination), so that the resulting clusters of cultivars have a small group × environment interaction (GEI) for all the traits included in the study. An important component of the GEI is the imperfect genotypic correlation or crossover interaction (COI). This study used the three‐way Ward‐MLM clustering strategy in three different data sets with the objectives of (i) evaluating the ability of the Ward‐MLM methodology for clustering cultivars into groups with low COI, (ii) obtaining a graphical representation of the variables in a low dimensional scatter plot produced by the multidimensional scaling method (MDS) in which the GEI of continuous and categorical traits and environments can be visualized, and (iii) studying how the relationship between a pair of traits changes across environments. The three‐way Ward‐MLM strategy produced groups of cultivars with low levels of COI. The increment of the correlation coefficient values between groups with respect to the total correlation coefficients indicated that the groups formed by the three‐way Ward‐MLM strategy comprised subsets of individuals that had similar trait responses across environments.
Combining single patient (N-of-1) trials to estimate population treatment effects and to evaluate individual patient responses to treatment (1997)

When treating individual patients, physicians may face difficulties using the evidence from center-based randomized control trials (RCTs) due to limitations in these studies generalizability. Therefore, they often perform their own "informal" tests of treatment effectiveness. Single patient ("N-of-1") trials provide a structured design for more rigorous assessment of medical treatments of chronic diseases, but are applied only to the index patient. We present a hierarchical Bayesian random effects model to combine N-of-1 studies to obtain an estimate of treatment effectiveness for the population and to use this population information to aid in the evaluation of an individual patient's trial results. The model's treatment effect estimates are adjustments between the population estimate and the individual's observed results. This adjustment is based upon the within-patient and between-patient heterogeneity. We demonstrate this patient-focused method using published data from 23 N-of-1 trial results comparing amitriptyline and placebo for the treatment of fibromyalgia.
Note on the Nature of Conduction in Liquid Iron Oxide and Iron Silicates (1953)

Current efficiency has been measured for the entire range of melts between iron oxide and the silica saturated slag. All compositions show some ionic conductivity, but the proportion of this type of conductance increases with the concentration of silica.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorescent Sensors Based on 2‐Substituted Imidazolidines. (2011)

Abstract Compounds (III a) and (III b) exhibit selective sensor properties for Hg2+ and Cu2+ ions.
Intelligent online sensor monitoring and fault alarm system in heating ventilation and air conditioning systems (2015)

The heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system is designed to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality. A variety of sensing devices (such as temperature, humidity, velocity, or pressure sensors) are installed in the HVAC systems. In a realistic situation, the HVAC system can fail to satisfy performance expectations envisioned because of a variety of problems. This paper presents online sensor monitoring and fault detection techniques, as well as the key sensor sets selection approach to optimise the fault detection results. The methodology presented is also implemented in commercial buildings and experimental results show that different types of faults are detected successfully.
Roles for Sigma Factors in Global Circadian Regulation of the Cyanobacterial Genome (2002)

The circadian clock of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 imposes a global rhythm of transcription on promoters throughout the genome. Inactivation of any of the four known group 2 sigma factor genes (rpoD2, rpoD3, rpoD4, and sigC), singly or pairwise, altered circadian expression from the psbAI promoter, changing amplitude, phase angle, waveform, or period. However, only the rpoD2 mutation and the rpoD3 rpoD4 and rpoD2 rpoD3 double mutations affected expression from the kaiB promoter. A striking differential effect was a 2-h lengthening of the circadian period of expression from the promoter of psbAI, but not of those of kaiB or purF, when sigC was inactivated. The data show that separate timing circuits with different periods can coexist in a cell. Overexpression of rpoD2, rpoD3, rpoD4, or sigC also changed the period or abolished the rhythmicity of PpsbAI expression, consistent with a model in which sigma factors work as a consortium to convey circadian information to downstream genes.
Low on-resistance LDMOSFETs with DSS (a drain window surrounded by source windows) pattern layout (2002)

This paper describes new low on-resistance lateral DMOSFETs having a DSS (a Drain window Surrounded by Source windows) pattern layout. The new DSS pattern layout increases the source cell density to as high as 4 million cells/inch/sup 2/ thus minimizing the channel-resistance of the devices. A specific on-resistance of 0.65 m/spl Omega//spl middot/cm/sup 2/ with a blocking voltage of 36 V is obtained. The DSS LDMOSFETs are suitable for intelligent power devices (IPDs) that provide multiple outputs.
Cloning, expression, purification and characterization of recombinant glycoprotein hormones (FSH, LH and TSH) from the european eel (Anguilla anguilla) (2008)

Poster P99
Pathologically Proven Hyperechoic Masses of the Breast on Ultrasound: Differentiation of Malignant and Benign Lesions (2013)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of the characteristic sonographic findings of the pathologically confirmed hyperechoic masses on breast ultrasonography, and clinical and sonographic findings in differentiating the malignant from benign hyperechoic masses. Methods: One hundred and ninety hyperechoic masses on breast ultrasonogram of which were pathologically confirmed were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical features were reviewed according to patient's age, size of mass, and palpability. The sonographic features were reviewed according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System 4th lexicon: margin, orientation, shaped, and posterior acoustic features. The sonographic features of the benign and malignant masses were statistically analyzed using the chisquare test, the Fisher's exact test, and T-test. Results: The benign masses were 42 cases (79.2%) and the malignant masses were 11 cases (20.8%). Patient age, size of mass, palpability were not significant difference between malignant and benign masses (P= 0.684, P= 0.377, P= 0.746). Mixed hyperechoic, noncircumscribed margin, irregular shape, nonparallel orientation were significantly different for malignant and benign masses (P < 0.001, P = 0.01, P = 0.003, P = 0.025). But posterior acoustic features were not statistically different for malignant and benign masses. Conclusion: Malignant masses with hyperechogenicity were more likely than benign masses to have mixed hyperechoic, noncircumscribed margin, irregular shape, nonparallel orientation. Therefore, pathologically confirm should be performed hyperechoic masses with suspicious findings.
Mechanical Properties of X70 Steel in Gaseous Hydrogen (2014)

The present study deals with an assessment of the hydrogen embrittlement(HE) susceptibility of a high strength steel grade API 5L X 70. Tensile properties measured for HE susceptibility at 10 MPa gas pressure and notch tensile test were carried out on room temperature. The various hydrogen contents for API 5L X70 steel were charged at 10MPa gas pressure. The fracture surfaces were changed from dimple type to quasi-cleavage type with hydrogen content. And external cracks were observed just only at 100% hydrogen content.
Posteromedial Process Fractures of the Talus (1995)

In this report, we present the diagnosis and clinical outcome of four patients with fractures of the posteromedial process of the talus. In two patients, the posteromedial process fracture was missed initially, which led to painful nonunions. One patient was treated with excision of a nonunion, and the other patient with a nonunion refused further surgery. Two patients underwent ORIF through a posteromedial approach. CT scans were useful in defining the fracture in all four patients. Cast treatment was recommended for displaced fractures or fractures without significant subtalar joint involvement. ORIF was recommended for displaced fractures with significant subtalar joint involvement.
Critical differences in the surface electronic structure of Ge(001) and Si(001):<i>Ab initio</i>theory and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (2014)

Even with renewed interest in Ge as a competitor to Si in field-effect transistors, several key features of the surface electronic structure of Ge(001) have remained controversial. Notably, the origin of strong Fermi-level pinning in Ge has been heavily debated. Using high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and first-principles hybrid density functional theory calculations, we compare and unambiguously establish the critical differences between the electronic structure of the Si and Ge (001) surfaces. We explicitly show that the surface state that determines the charge neutrality level, and thus the Schottky barrier height in Si, is actually a surface resonance in Ge. It means that the evanescent states near the Ge surface play an essential role in the strong Fermi-level pinning. Additionally, we identify the origin of a number of highly debated ARPES features for Ge(001) and Si(001).
Phenomenology and Functioning in First-Episode Schizophrenia (1992)

One current view of schizophrenia is that its clinical and functional features show a deteriorating course, particularly for negative symptoms. However, this is difficult to study in chronic patients who have been exposed to pharmacologic treatment and institutionalization. Examining first-episode (FE) patients can help clarify which symptoms are present initially and how the symptom pattern is linked to functioning. We evaluated a sample of 37 FE patients with schizophrenia and compared them to 70 other schizophrenia (OS) patients on standard clinical scales, measures of premorbid functioning, and quality of life. FE patients showed a symptom profile similar to OS patients; in particular, there was no evidence that negative symptoms are less severe in the FE group. Analysis of the clinical data led us to the conclusion that the symptom profile of schizophrenia exists at the outset, that negative symptoms are associated with poor premorbid and current functioning, but that the role of positive symptoms is more complex and may vary in subtypes.
Decline in Cognitive Function over 18 Months in Healthy Older Adults with High Amyloid-β (2013)

We aimed to characterize the nature and magnitude of cognitive decline in a group of healthy older adults with high and low levels of amyloid-β (Aβ) and who were APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers. Healthy older adults underwent positron emission tomography neuroimaging for Aβ, APOE genotyping, and cognitive and clinical assessment as part of their baseline assessment in the Australian Imaging, Biomarker, and Lifestyle study. Cognitive function and clinical ratings were reassessed 18 months later. Linear mixed model analyses adjusted for baseline cognitive function indicated that relative to healthy older adults with low Aβ, healthy older adults with high Aβ showed greater decline in episodic memory and language at 18 months. No decline on any measure of executive function, attention, or clinical rating was observed for healthy older adults with high Aβ levels. Compared to non-carriers, APOE ε4 carriers showed a greater decline only on the task of visual memory at the 18 month assessment. Importantly though, no interaction between APOE ε4 and Aβ was observed on any measure of cognitive function. The results of this study suggest that high Aβ load was associated with greater decline in episodic memory and language, that the magnitude of this decline was moderate and equivalent across both domains, and that APOE ε4 carriage did not moderate the relationship between Aβ and decline in memory and language functions.
HGG-06. USE OF TUMOR TREATING FIELDS DELIVERED WITH CONCURRENT TEMOZOLOMIDE AND LOMUSTINE AS ADJUVANT THERAPY IN A PATIENT WITH PEDIATRIC GLIOBLASTOMA (2018)

Pediatric glioblastoma (GBM; WHO grade IV astrocytoma) continues to carry a poor prognosis. While the use of concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) has been adopted as a standard treatment in adults, there is no standard systemic therapy for pediatric GBM. Recent studies in adults suggest benefit to the addition of tumor treating fields (TTF) to standard TMZ-based chemoradiotherapy, while a recent study in children showed improvement with the addition of lomustine (CCNU) to standard TMZ-based chemoradiotherapy. No studies to this point have been published using the combination of TMZ, TTF, and CCNU in either adult or pediatric GBM. A single patient was treated with aggressive local surgery achieving gross total resection. This was followed by 60 Gy in 30 fractions with concurrent temozolomide (75 mg/m2) given daily during radiotherapy. Post-radiation adjuvant therapy consisted of dose escalated temozolomide (160 mg/m2) given on days 1-5 of a 42-day cycle, CCNU (90 mg/m2) on day 1, and continuous tumor treating fields (started with cycle 1 of adjuvant chemotherapy). Chemoradiotherapy was tolerated well without grade III or IV toxicity. Thus far, the patient has received 2 cycles of adjuvant temozolomide/CCNU without grade III or IV toxicity. At 3 months post-radiotherapy, there is no evidence of tumor recurrence. We report the first case of a pediatric patient with GBM receiving a maintenance combination of TTF, TMZ, and CCNU after tumor resection and standard TMZ-based chemoradiotherapy. Prospective trials are necessary to validate the tolerability, safety, and efficacy of this aggressive combination therapy.
Multimodality Imaging Instrumentation and Techniques (2008)

This chapter reviews the topic of multimodality medical imaging and the context of multimodality imaging in healthcare. It presents the history of multimodality imaging, followed by the most prominent current examples and promising new combinations of technology. The chapter argues that small-animal imaging is the most cost-effective and experimentally efficient way to reduce development time and costs for pharmaceutical research and development. There are many examples in the field of cellular microscopy in which the same cells can be stained for the presence of different receptors. These “hyperspectral cytometry” images are a powerful example of “multimodality” biomedical images. Multimodality instrumentation extracts anatomical, functional, cellular, and molecular information for experimenters in all of these fields without the clinical needs of proving efficacy and justifying reimbursement. The chapter shows how multimodality clinical imaging results from fundamental research efforts beginning with cellular microscopy and ascending through preclinical, small-animal imaging toward clinical human imaging.
[Expression of the gene coding for the D1-protein of barley photosystem II in Escherichia coli]. (1994)

Previously characterized by us barley chloroplast psbA gene, which encodes one of the main Photosystem II components--D1 protein, has been inserted in a set of special plasmid vectors and its expression in vitro and in vivo has been investigated. Experiments on the in vitro expression in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system revealed a major product with a molecular weight ca. 33.5 kD, which corresponds to the unprocessed D1 barley protein. A lower molecular weight protein (about 29 kD) was also observed. These results are in agreement with the existence of two potential translation start sites in the psbA gene in the same reading frame, the second one starting from Met37 residue. The results fully correlate with the earlier data on the in vitro expression of psbA genes of maize, pea, and tobacco. Experiments on the in vivo expression of psbA gene in E. coli cells with the above constructions also revealed proteins with m. w. about 33.5 and 29 kD. The yield of the target recombinant protein in some cases was about 25-30% of the total E. coli cellular protein. The correspondence of the bands to the desired products was proved by the immunoenzyme analysis with the use of polyclonal antibodies. The data obtained show for the first time the construction of E. coli strains producing recombinant D1 protein of cereals in a high level.