gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A modified fuzzy c-means algorithm for bias field estimation and segmentation of MRI data (2002)

In this paper, we present a novel algorithm for fuzzy segmentation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data and estimation of intensity inhomogeneities using fuzzy logic. MRI intensity inhomogeneities can be attributed to imperfections in the radio-frequency coils or to problems associated with the acquisition sequences. The result is a slowly varying shading artifact over the image that can produce errors with conventional intensity-based classification. Our algorithm is formulated by modifying the objective function of the standard fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithm to compensate for such inhomogeneities and to allow the labeling of a pixel (voxel) to be influenced by the labels in its immediate neighborhood. The neighborhood effect acts as a regularizer and biases the solution toward piecewise-homogeneous labelings. Such a regularization is useful in segmenting scans corrupted by salt and pepper noise. Experimental results on both synthetic images and MR data are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Pancreatic Cancer–Derived Exosomes Cause Paraneoplastic β-cell Dysfunction (2014)

Pancreatic cancer causes paraneoplastic β-cell dysfunction by shedding adrenomedullin(+)/CA19-9(+) exosomes into circulation that inhibit insulin secretion, likely through adrenomedullin-induced ER stress and failure of the unfolded protein response.
Microwave Medical Imaging Based on Sparsity and an Iterative Method With Adaptive Thresholding (2014)

We propose a new image recovery method to improve the resolution in microwave imaging applications. Scattered field data obtained from a simplified breast model with closely located targets is used to formulate an electromagnetic inverse scattering problem, which is then solved using the Distorted Born Iterative Method (DBIM). At each iteration of the DBIM method, an underdetermined set of linear equations is solved using our proposed sparse recovery algorithm, IMATCS. Our results demonstrate the ability of the proposed method to recover small targets in cases where traditional DBIM approaches fail. Furthermore, in order to regularize the sparse recovery algorithm, we propose a novel L(2) -based approach and prove its convergence. The simulation results indicate that the L(2)-regularized method improves the robustness of the algorithm against the ill-posed conditions of the EM inverse scattering problem. Finally, we demonstrate that the regularized IMATCS-DBIM approach leads to fast, accurate and stable reconstructions of highly dense breast compositions.
Development of ABB control rods and operational experience / Steuerstäbe von ABB, Entwicklung und Betriebserfahrungen (1992)

Article Development of ABB control rods and operational experience / Steuerstäbe von ABB, Entwicklung und Betriebserfahrungen was published on February 1, 1992 in the journal Kerntechnik (volume 57, issue 2).
Quantum Algorithm for Data Fitting (2012)

We provide a new quantum algorithm that efficiently determines the quality of a least-squares fit over an exponentially large data set by building upon an algorithm for solving systems of linear equations efficiently [Harrow et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 150502 (2009)]. In many cases, our algorithm can also efficiently find a concise function that approximates the data to be fitted and bound the approximation error. In cases where the input data are pure quantum states, the algorithm can be used to provide an efficient parametric estimation of the quantum state and therefore can be applied as an alternative to full quantum-state tomography given a fault tolerant quantum computer.
Studies on Electrohysterogram (1966)

The electrohysterography by means of an extracellular electrode is expected to be a useful method to disclose functional disorders of the uterine muscles. To find the basic patterns in the electrohysterogram of the rat's uterus, the reaction of the organ was studied after the administration of estradiol, estriol, progesterone or estradiol plus progesterone. Studies were also made on the uterus after castration and in pregnancy, parturition and puerperium. The electrohysterograms obtained in our experiments with rats could be classified into three types of ED, ET and P. The condition of the uterine muscles could be inferred from the analysis of the wave form, amplitude, interval diagram, interval of the bursts, number of the spike discharge, propagation velocity and conductivity on the electrohysterogram. The characteristic pattern of parturition was reproduced with estriol and posterior pituitary hormone better than with other hormones. The finding was of interest in understanding the mechanism of labor in association with electrohysterography.
Synthesis of Spirocyclopropanated Analogues of Iprodione (2005)

Abstract Methyl 1‐( tert ‐butoxycarbonylamino)cyclopropanecarboxylate ( 9 ) was converted into the spirocyclopropanated five‐membered ring analogue 7a of Iprodione ( 1 ) in five steps with an overall yield of 28 %. The spirocyclopropanated five‐membered ring analogue 8a was prepared from tert ‐butyl N ‐[1‐(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl]carbamate ( 10 ) in five steps with an overall yield of 19 %. En route to the spirocyclopropanated six‐membered ring analogues of Iprodione ( 1 ), the oxalic acid diamides 5b and 6b could be obtained starting from 9 or 10 in 33 or 19 % yield, respectively. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Run-to-Run Control of Meal-Related Insulin Dosing (2005)

Overall, we were able to safely demonstrate that run-to-run control can be used to manage meal-related insulin in subjects with T1DM.
Flow cytometric detection of oxidative DNA damage in fish spermatozoa exposed to cadmium — Short communication (2016)

The aim of the present pilot study was to apply a flow cytometric assay, the so-called OxyDNA test, to determine the level of oxidative DNA damage in fish spermatozoa exposed to different concentrations (0.01-10,000 mg/L) of cadmium. Milt was collected from three randomly selected Prussian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) males. Oxidative DNA damage was assessed with the OxyDNA kit and using flow cytometry. The ratio of OxyDNA-positive events increased significantly at higher cadmium concentrations. The results indicate that direct contact of fish spermatozoa with cadmium-polluted water initiates genotoxic damage.
Identification of QTLs affecting scopolin and scopoletin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana (2014)

Together, our results demonstrate for the first time that Arabidopsis is an excellent model for studying the genetic and molecular basis of natural variation in coumarins biosynthesis in plants. It additionally provides a basis for fine mapping and cloning of the genes involved in scopolin and scopoletin biosynthesis. Importantly, we have identified new loci for this biosynthetic process.
Dynamic Gene Expression Profiling Using a Microfabricated Living Cell Array (2004)

We describe the development of a microfluidic platform for continuous monitoring of gene expression in live cells. This optically transparent microfluidic device integrates high-throughput molecular stimulation with nondestructive monitoring of expression events in individual living cells, hence, a living cell array (LCA). Several concentrations of a soluble molecular stimulus are generated in an upstream microfluidic network and used to stimulate downstream reporter cells, each containing a green fluorescence reporter plasmid for a gene of interest. Cellular fluorescence is continuously monitored and quantified to infer the expression dynamics of the gene being studied. We demonstrate this approach by profiling the activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB in HeLa S3 cells in response to varying doses of the inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha. The LCA platform offers a unique opportunity to simultaneously control dynamic inputs and measure dynamic outputs from adherent mammalian cells in a high-throughput fashion. This approach to profiling expression dynamics, in conjunction with complementary techniques such as DNA microarrays, will help provide a more complete picture of the dynamic cellular response to diverse soluble stimuli.
AUTOMATIC ARTIFACT REJECTION FOR EEG DATA USING HIGH-ORDER STATISTICS AND INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS (2001)

While it is now generally accepted that independent component analysis is a good tool for isolating both artifacts and cognitive related activations in EEG data, there is still little consensus about criteria for automatic rejection of artifactual components and single trials. Here we developed a graphical software to semi-automatically assist experimenter in rejecting independent components and noisy single data trials based on their statistical properties. We used kurtosis to detect peaky activity distributions that are characteristic of some types of artifact and entropy to detect unusual activity patterns. EEG-LAB, a user-friendly graphic interface running under Matlab, allows the user to tune and calibrate the rejection criteria, to accept or override the suggested components and trials labeled for rejection, and to compare the results with other rejection methods.
An Automatic Wavelet-Based Approach for Lung Segmentation and Density Analysis in Dynamic CT (2007)

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can occur in people with or without previous lung disease. Analysis of aeration in artificial ventilation for ARDS is one of the major applications of computed tomography (CT) lung density examination. A movie of an affected rabbit lung over the respiratory cycle was produced by dynamic CT with a cine loop technique. This technique can produce thousands of CT images for analysis with a single experiment. A fully automated algorithm based on the capability of wavelet transformation to detect edges in the image is proposed. This method accurately and consistently segments the lung in pulmonary CT images. The speed and accuracy of this technique allows it to outperform other methods when dealing with the large number of images created by dynamic computed tomography
3: NG2 at the glial scar: a molecular barrier to nerve regeneration (2004)

The glial scar that forms at sites of CNS injuries is a molecular and physical barrier to axon regeneration. The cellular composition of the glial scar is complex: in addition to reactive astrocytes, it contains oligodendrocyte precursor cells, macrophages, and meningeal cells. These later three cell types all express the NG2 proteoglycan. Previous studies have shown that immuno-affinity purified NG2 and recombinant fragments of NG2 inhibit axon outgrowth from postnatal rat cerebellar granule neurons and induce the collapse of the growth cones of newborn DRG neurons. Thus the deposition of NG2 at sites of CNS injury may contribute to the creation of a growth-inhibitory environment. To test the role of NG2 as a scar associated inhibitor of axon regeneration, we hemisected the adult rat spinal cord and applied anti-NG2 antibodies using small pledglets of gelfoam. The growth of mechanosensory neurons at 7 days postlesion was measured after retrograde labelling the axons with cholera toxin B subunit. In control animals, mechanosensory neurons end 300–500 µm caudal to the lesion border and have enlarged end-bulbs. After treatment with anit-NG2 antibodies, labelled axons penetrated the caudal border of the lesion, growing through the glial scar and into and past the lesion centre. These axons have relatively straight trajectories and end in hook-shaped growth cones. Thus, neutralizing NG2 with antibodies allows axons to grow through regions of the glial scar that they normally avoid. NG2 is a multidomain, multifunctional protein that is associated with both the surfaces of oligodendrocyte precursor cells and with the extracellular matrix. Since multiple regions of the NG2 core protein can inhibit neurite outgrowth, we generated domain-specific monoclonal antibodies that neutralize this growth-inhibitory activity. The application of these neutralizing antibodies also fostered the regeneration of mechanosensory axons, whereas the application of other monoclonal antibodies that bind to NG2 but do not neutralize its activity had no effect on axon growth. NG2 is one of several growth-inhibitory molecules found at glial scars. Levels of NG2 increase rapidly at injury sites, reaching maximum levels by 7–8 days post-injury. Preventing interactions between damaged neurons and NG2 with specific antibodies during the time of NG2 accumulation leads to axon regeneration.
Simple procedure for the epoxidation of acid sensitive olefinic compounds with m-chloroperbenzoic acid in an alkaline biphasic solvent system (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimple procedure for the epoxidation of acid sensitive olefinic compounds with m-chloroperbenzoic acid in an alkaline biphasic solvent systemWayne K. Anderson and Tarik VeysogluCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 12, 2267–2268Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00952a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00952a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1066Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Studentsʼ certainty during course test-taking and performance on clerkships and board exams (1988)

Psychometric aspects of multiple-choice tests were investigated using a confidence-weighted scoring technique. The contributions of two indices, overconfidence and underconfidence, in the prediction of subsequent academic performance of examinees were studied. A total of 444 sophomore students (entering classes of 1982 and 1983) in one medical school were asked to indicate their confidence, on a 5-point scale (100, 75, 50, 25, and 0), in the correctness of their responses to each multiple-choice item on an Introduction to Clinical Medicine examination. Examinations were scored in two ways: in the conventional way, using the total number of correct responses, and by a confidence-weighted technique based on the level of certainty indicated for each response by the examinee. Only the conventional score determined the grade; the confidence-weighted score was calculated for the purely experimental purposes of this study. Overconfidence and underconfidence indices were also calculated by using the indicated levels of certainty. Improvements in the psychometrics of the examinations were observed when confidence-weighted scoring was used. In multiple-regression models, the confidence-weighted scores and indices of over- and underconfidence contributed significantly to predicting scores of the students studied on Parts I and II of the National Board of Medical Examiners examinations, whereas the conventional score did not contribute to the prediction of Part II scores. Significant differences on junior clerkship examinations and ratings were observed between those who were highly overconfident and those who were slightly overconfident. The highly overconfident students also estimated higher future incomes than did those who were slightly overconfident.
PAPER 183: RECONSTRUCTION OF THE PROXIMAL HUMERUS FOR BONE NEOPLASM USING AN ANATOMIC SHOULDER PROSTHESIS (2010)

Purpose: We conducted a retrospective review to evaluate outcomes, complications and implant survival after shoulder reconstruction for bone neoplasm using anatomic shoulder prostheses. Method: Thirty-four anatomic shoulder prostheses were reviewed at an average follow-up of 51 (range, 6 to 143) months. The mean age at the time of surgery was 47 (range, 15 to 74) years. Twenty-five patients (74%) had reconstruction with an allograft-prosthetic composite (APC). The average amount of humerus resected in patients with an APC was 13 cm (range, 5 to 36 cm). Results: At most recent follow-up, 82% of patients had no pain (11), slight pain (12) or moderate pain with strenuous activities (5). Twenty-eight patients (82%) were subjectively satisfied despite only 29% being satisfactory according to Neer rating. Sixteen complications occurred in 13 patients, including instability (5), host/graft non-union (3), aseptic loosening (3), arthrofibrosis (1), tumor recurrence (2) and superficial infection (1). Host/graft nonunion occurred in 3/9 patients with an APC using press-fit or plate fixation for distal humeral fixation and 0/16 shoulders with cemented distal humeral fixation (p=0.02). Three implants required revision for aseptic loosening (1), host/graft nonunion (1) and instability (1). Kaplan-Meier survivorship at 10 years was 88% for implant revision and 80% for mechanical failure. Conclusion: Reconstruction of the proximal humerus using an anatomic prosthesis after resection of bone neoplasms is associated with a low rate of mechanical failure but a moderate rate of shoulder instability. Cement fixation into the native distal humerus should be considered when reconstruction using an APC is required.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides in the Presence of Bovine Serum Albumin. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Optimal Path Planning of UAVs Using Direct Collocation with Nonlinear Programming (2006)

A trajectory generation algorithm using direct collocation with nonlinear programming is successfully demonstrated in simulation. Direct collocation, which approximates the states and controls with piecewise polynomials, has been widely used in space and manned aircraft applications, but has only seen limited use in UAV applications. The algorithm is successfully applied to the generation of a UAV trajectory that provides maximum viewing time for a camera mounted on the UAV. The target can be stationary or moving. Multiple UAVs are considered. In this case, the objective is to provide maximum sensor coverage time using a combination of the UAVs. No specific initial guesses are required to ensure the algorithm is successful.
Hypersensitivity reactions to β-lactams: relevance of hapten-protein conjugates. (2015)

β-Lactams (BL) are the drugs most frequently involved in allergic reactions. They are classified according to their chemical structure as penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, carbapenems, and clavams. All BL antibiotics have a BL ring that is fused to a 5-member or 6-member ring (except in monobactams) and has 1, 2 or 3 side chains (except in clavams). Differences in chemical structure mean that a wide range of BLs are recognized by the immune system, and patients may experience clinical reactions to one BL while tolerating others. Diagnosis is based on skin and in vitro testing, although both display low sensitivity, possibly because they are based on drugs or drug conjugates that are not optimally recognized by the immune system. BLs are haptens that need to bind to proteins covalently to elicit an immune response. These drugs have a high capacity to form covalent adducts with proteins through nucleophilic attack of amino groups in proteins on the BL ring. Allergenic determinants have been described for all BLs, although benzylpenicillin is the most widely studied. Moreover, formation of BL-protein adducts is selective, as we recently demonstrated for amoxicillin, which mainly modifies albumin, transferrin, and immunoglobulin heavy and light chains in human serum. Given the complexity of BL allergy, understanding the immunological mechanisms involved and optimization of diagnostic methods require multidisciplinary approaches that take into account the chemical structures of the drugs and the carrier molecules, as well as the patient immune response.
531 Integrated Design of Actuator and Controller for Smart Pantograph Mechanism (2004)

In these years, various types of machines have advanced to be more high-performance, light and small. On the other hand, it becomes hard to achieve a required performance of the systems only by structural design. It has been expected that technology of smart structure will contribute to the development of small and light-weight mechatronics devices with the required performance. In this study, the smart pantograph mechanism installed in a precise positioning device is composed of the PZT sensor and actuator in order to reduce the structural vibration. The placement of the PZT actuator and H_2 control system are simultaneously designed based on genetic algorithm to improve the effect on the vibration suppression. It has been verified by applications that an enhanced performance for the vibration suppression can be achieved by the proposed integrated design method.
A modified iterative refinement algorithm for efficient solution of parameter-dependent sets of linear equations (2002)

A modified iterative refinement (MIR) algorithm is presented that reduces the time required to solve systems of linear equations that arise when using the method of moments to analyze electromagnetic problems over a band of frequencies. In such an analysis one typically factors the system matrix and solves the linear system at each analysis frequency. With MIR, the LU factorization of the system matrix obtained at one frequency is used to compute solutions at several additional nearby frequencies, often resulting in a major savings in computational effort. Since MIR is not an interpolation technique, answers obtained are numerically exact to any desired degree of precision.