gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A liquid ground state for 2D helium-3? (2012)

New experiments hint at what could be the lowest-density liquid ever found in nature.
Preparation of Fine Metal Particles by Means of Evaporation in Helium Gas (1967)

Fine particles of Mg, Zn, Cd, Al, Fe, Cu and Ag were prepared by means of evaporation in helium gas. Compared with those prepared in argon gas (Japan. J. appl. Phys. 2 (1963) 702), the particle size was much smaller, provided the pressure was the same. To obtain the same size, the pressure of helium had to be about ten times as large as that of argon.
<i>Ab initio</i>calculation of ideal strength and phonon instability of graphene under tension (2007)

Graphene-based $s{p}^{2}$-carbon nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes and nanofibers can fail near their ideal strengths due to their exceedingly small dimensions. We have calculated the phonon spectra of graphene as a function of uniaxial tension by density functional perturbation theory to assess the first occurrence of phonon instability on the strain path, which controls the strength of a defect-free crystal at $0\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. Uniaxial tensile strain is applied in the $x$ (nearest-neighbor) and $y$ (second nearest-neighbor) directions, related to tensile deformation of zigzag and armchair nanotubes, respectively. The Young's modulus $E=1050\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$ and Poisson's ratio $\ensuremath{\nu}=0.186$ from our small-strain results are in good agreement with previous calculations. We find that in both $x$ and $y$ uniaxial tensions, phonon instabilities occur near the center of the Brillouin zone, at (${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{xx}=0.194$, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{xx}=110\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$, ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{yy}=\ensuremath{-}0.016$) and (${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{yy}=0.266$, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{yy}=121\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$, ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{xx}=\ensuremath{-}0.027$), respectively. Both soft phonons are longitudinal elastic waves in the pulling direction, suggesting that brittle cleavage fracture may be an inherent behavior of graphene and carbon nanotubes at low temperatures. We also predict that a phonon band gap will appear in highly stretched graphene, which could be a useful spectroscopic signature for highly stressed carbon nanotubes.
Deep Reinforcement Learning for Distributed Dynamic Power Allocation in Wireless Networks. (2018)

This work demonstrates the potential of deep reinforcement learning
techniques for transmit power control in emerging and future wireless networks.
Various techniques have been proposed in the literature to find near-optimal
power allocations, often by solving a challenging optimization problem. Most of
these algorithms are not scalable to large networks in real-world scenarios
because of their computational complexity and instantaneous cross-cell channel
state information (CSI) requirement. In this paper, a model-free distributed
dynamic power allocation scheme is developed based on deep reinforcement
learning. Each transmitter collects CSI and quality of service (QoS)
information from several neighbors and adapts its own transmit power
accordingly. The objective is to maximize a weighted sum-rate utility function,
which can be particularized to achieve maximum sum-rate or proportionally fair
scheduling (with weights that are changing over time). Both random variations
and delays in the CSI are inherently addressed using deep Q-learning. For a
typical network architecture, the proposed algorithm is shown to achieve
near-optimal power allocation in real time based on delayed CSI measurements
available to the agents. This work indicates that deep reinforcement learning
based radio resource management can be very fast and deliver highly competitive
performance, especially in practical scenarios where the system model is
inaccurate and CSI delay is non-negligible.
Theoretical calculation of effects of steric hindrance on rates of esterification and of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTheoretical calculation of effects of steric hindrance on rates of esterification and of acid-catalyzed hydrolysisDeLos F. DeTar, Seyhun Binzet, and Prashanth DarbaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 10, 2074–2082Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00386a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00386a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views393Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Microwave spectrum, dipole moment, and substitution structure of peroxyformic acid (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicrowave spectrum, dipole moment, and substitution structure of peroxyformic acidM. Oldani, T. K. Ha, and A. BauderCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 3, 360–365Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00341a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00341a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views166Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Vagal nerve stimulation in heart failure (2014)

This editorial refers to ‘Chronic vagal stimulation for the treatment of low ejection fraction heart failure: results of the Neural Cardiac TherApy foR Heart Failure (NECTAR-HF) randomized controlled trial’[†][1], by F. Zannad et al. , on page 425. 

It has been estimated that the prevalence of heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction exceeds 20 million patients worldwide—about 2% of the general population in the Western world—and that the annual incidence is >2 million patients per year.1 The mortality of heart failure exceeds that of many malignancies. Significant healthcare improvements have been made with regard to pharmaceutical therapy, cardioverter defibrillator implantation, and biventricular pacing, but the risk of mortality remains high, and many patients remain very symptomatic, as evidenced by frequent hospitalizations, reduced exercise tolerance, and degraded quality of life.

Patients with congestive heart failure have a major disturbance of autonomic function: heightened sympathetic and reduced parasympathetic activity. Induced heart failure leads to this imbalance2 and, in turn, the imbalance leads to aggravation of heart failure.3 The overactive sympathetic system can be addressed by treatment with beta-adrenergic blockade or inhibitors of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, and reduced parasympathetic activity can be bolstered to some extent by physical training and low dose digoxin.

Several relatively new and experimental non-pharmacological interventions which target specific aspects of autonomic imbalance (e.g. renal denervation, cardiac contractility modulation, spinal cord stimulation, and carotid sinus nerve stimulation)4 are being actively investigated.

It is …

 [1]: #fn-2
Progress in Microstrip Antennas (2001)

AbstractProgress in microstrip antennas in relation to bandwidth enhancement, use of photonic bandgap substrates, analysis techniques, active integrated microstrip antennas, and loaded microstrip antennas are reviewed. Whereas the bandwidth enhancement techniques, loaded microstrip antennas and analysis techniques are ever evolving the use of bandgap substrates and the active microstrip antennas are going to play a very important role in the development and future applications of microstrip antennas. Additional informationNotes on contributorsRamesh GargRamesh Garg received his PhD degree from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kanpur (India), in 1975. From 1975 to 1981, he was with the Advanced Centre for Electronic Systems, IIT, Kanpur, as a Research Enginer, working on transmission lines for microwave integrated circuits and computer-aided design.Since 1981, Dr Garg has been with the IIT Kharagpur (India), first as Assistant Professor with the Radar and Communication Centre and now as Professor and Head with the Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering. He was Visiting Assistant Professor at the University of Houston, University Park (USA), from 1985 to 1987 and Research Associate at the University of Ottawa (Canada) in 1994. His current research interests are in the areas of microstrip antennas, microwave integrated citcuits and numerical techniques. He has published more than 60 papers in reference journals and conferences. He is a co-author of the books Microstrip Lines and Slotlines (Artech House), Computer Aided Design (Artech House) and Microstrip Antenna design Handbook (Artech House).Dr Garg was a recipient of the Outstanding Paper Award at the 1976 IEEE (India Section) Annual Convention. He has also received the Best Paper award from the Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers (IETE), India, and the 1987 IIT Kharagpur Silver Jubilee Research Award. He was Chairman of the IEEE Kharagpur Section in 1991. He is a Senior Member of IEEE and a Fellow of IETE, India.
Multiple Sensor Fusion and Classification for Moving Object Detection and Tracking (2015)

The accurate detection and classification of moving objects is a critical aspect of advanced driver assistance systems. We believe that by including the object classification from multiple sensor detections as a key component of the object's representation and the perception process, we can improve the perceived model of the environment. First, we define a composite object representation to include class information in the core object's description. Second, we propose a complete perception fusion architecture based on the evidential framework to solve the detection and tracking of moving objects problem by integrating the composite representation and uncertainty management. Finally, we integrate our fusion approach in a real-time application inside a vehicle demonstrator from the interactIVe IP European project, which includes three main sensors: radar, lidar, and camera. We test our fusion approach using real data from different driving scenarios and focusing on four objects of interest: pedestrian, bike, car, and truck.
Cancer Stem Cells in Squamous Cell Carcinoma Switch between Two Distinct Phenotypes That Are Preferentially Migratory or Proliferative (2011)

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important driver of tumor invasion and metastasis, which causes many cancer deaths. Cancer stem cells (CSC) that maintain and initiate tumors have also been implicated in invasion and metastasis, but whether EMT is an important contributor to CSC function is unclear. In this study, we investigated whether a population of CSCs that have undergone EMT (EMT CSCs) exists in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We also determined whether a separate population of CSCs that retain epithelial characteristics (non-EMT CSCs) is also present. Our studies revealed that self-renewing CSCs in SCC include two biologically-distinct phenotypes. One phenotype, termed CD44(high)ESA(high), was proliferative and retained epithelial characteristics (non-EMT CSCs), whereas the other phenotype, termed CD44(high)ESA(low), was migratory and had mesenchymal traits characteristic of EMT CSCs. We found that non-EMT and EMT CSCs could switch their epithelial or mesenchymal traits to reconstitute the cellular heterogeneity which was characteristic of CSCs. However, the ability of EMT CSCs to switch to non-EMT character was restricted to cells that were also ALDH1(+), implying that only ALDH1(+) EMT cells had the ability to seed a new epithelial tumor. Taken together, our findings highlight the identification of two distinct CSC phenotypes and suggest a need to define therapeutic targets that can eradicate both of these variants to achieve effective SCC treatment.
PPAR  and human metabolic disease (2006)

The nuclear receptor family of PPARs was named for the ability of the original member to induce hepatic peroxisome proliferation in mice in response to xenobiotic stimuli. However, studies on the action and structure of the 3 human PPAR isotypes (PPARalpha, PPARdelta, and PPARgamma) suggest that these moieties are intimately involved in nutrient sensing and the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. PPARalpha and PPARdelta appear primarily to stimulate oxidative lipid metabolism, while PPARgamma is principally involved in the cellular assimilation of lipids via anabolic pathways. Our understanding of the functions of PPARgamma in humans has been increased by the clinical use of potent agonists and by the discovery of both rare and severely deleterious dominant-negative mutations leading to a stereotyped syndrome of partial lipodystrophy and severe insulin resistance, as well as more common sequence variants with a much smaller impact on receptor function. These may nevertheless have much greater significance for the public health burden of metabolic disease. This Review will focus on the role of PPARgamma in human physiology, with specific reference to clinical pharmacological studies, and analysis of PPARG gene variants in the abnormal lipid and carbohydrate metabolism of the metabolic syndrome.
Protein turnover and growth in the whole body, liver and kidney of the rat from the foetus to senility (1984)

Changes in the growth and protein turnover (measured in vivo) of the rat liver, kidney and whole body were studied between 16 days of life in utero and 105 weeks post partum. Tissue and whole-body growth were related to changes in both cellular hyperplasia (i.e. changes in DNA) and hypertrophy (protein/DNA values) and to the protein composition within the enlarging tissue mass. The suitability of using a single large dose of phenylalanine for measuring the rates of protein synthesis during both pre- and post-natal life was established. The declining growth rates in the whole animal and the two visceral tissues were then explained by developmental changes in the fractional rates of protein synthesis and breakdown, turnover rates being age-for-age higher in the liver than in the kidney, which in turn were higher than those measured in the whole animal. The declining fractional rates of synthesis in both tissues and the whole body with increasing age were related to changes in the tissues' ribosomal capacity and activity. The fall in the hepatic rate between 18 and 20 days of foetal life (from 134 to 98% per day) corresponded to a decrease in both the ribosomal capacity and the rate of synthesis per ribosome. No significant changes in any of these parameters were, however, found in the liver between weaning (3 weeks) and senility (105 weeks). In contrast, the fractional synthetic (and degradative) rates progressively declined in the kidney (from 95 to 24% per day) and whole body (from 70 to 11% per day) throughout both pre- and post-natal life, mainly as a consequence of a progressive decline in the ribosomal capacity, but with some fall in the ribosomal activity also during foetal life. The age-related contributions of these visceral tissues to the total amount of protein synthesized per day by the whole animal were determined. The renal contribution remained fairly constant at 1.6-2.9%, whereas the hepatic contribution declined from 56 to 11%, with increasing age. Approximate-steady-state conditions were reached at, and between, 44 and 105 weeks post partum, the half-life values of mixed whole-body, kidney and liver proteins being 6.4, 3.0 and 1.5 days, respectively, at 105 weeks.
Stereospecific Vorbrueggen-like reactions of 1,2-anhydro sugars. An alternative route to the synthesis of nucleosides (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereospecific Vorbrueggen-like reactions of 1,2-anhydro sugars. An alternative route to the synthesis of nucleosidesKen Chow and Samuel DanishefskyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 13, 4211–4214Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00300a049https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00300a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views913Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Normal melatonin levels in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. (1998)

Nocturnal urine aMT6s levels were similar in patients with FM and controls. Studies are needed to elucidate the possible role of melatonin in FM and should include larger samples of newly diagnosed untreated patients with FM.
Single-mode-fiber birefringent filters (1980)

It is proposed to utilize optical birefringence in single-mode fibers for construction of wavelength-dependent filters. The birefringence may be natural (a consequence of the drawing process) or induced through external stresses. In the latter case, simple variation of these stresses may be used to tune the filter transfer function.
Temperature Monitoring and CFD Analysis of Data Centre (2013)

This paper presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of airflow, temperature and pressure distribution of the data centre located at CQUniversity, Rockhampton Campus, Australia. The data centre has been modelled and analyzed using CFD code ‘Fluent’ to study the effectiveness of thermal cooling within the data centre. CoolSim- software was used for designing a graphical user interface (GUI) that allows data centre components to be positioned, sized and characterized in a plan view. The CFD model based on thermal mass and energy balance principles was used to simulate the data centre for predicting the energy consumption, pressure and temperature in a data centre. The effect of various data center parameters on the temperature distribution and the flow field was investigated. The parametric and optimization techniques were used to determine the best possible layout for cooling strategies. The simulation results predict the high temperature zone within the computer rack in the data centre, and provide a detailed 3D analysis of the movement of cold air through the data centre. The results also provide the performance analysis of computer room air conditionings (CRACs) with detailed rack-by-rack inlet and exit temperatures and 3D thermal mapping of the data centre and racks highlighting trouble areas. The model developed is capable of evaluating the airflow rates and thermal loads for optimizing and designing a new or existing data centre.
Vibration-based structural health monitoring using adaptive statistical method under varying environmental condition (2014)

It is well known that the dynamic properties of a structure such as natural frequencies depend not only on damage but also on environmental condition (e.g., temperature). The variation in dynamic characteristics of a structure due to environmental condition may mask damage of the structure. Without taking the change of environmental condition into account, false-positive or false-negative damage diagnosis may occur so that structural health monitoring becomes unreliable. In order to address this problem, an approach to construct a regression model based on structural responses considering environmental factors has been usually used by many researchers. The key to success of this approach is the formulation between the input and output variables of the regression model to take into account the environmental variations. However, it is quite challenging to determine proper environmental variables and measurement locations in advance for fully representing the relationship between the structural responses and the environmental variations. One alternative (i.e., novelty detection) is to remove the variations caused by environmental factors from the structural responses by using multivariate statistical analysis (e.g., principal component analysis (PCA), factor analysis, etc.). The success of this method is deeply depending on the accuracy of the description of normal condition. Generally, there is no prior information on normal condition during data acquisition, so that the normal condition is determined by subjective perspective with human-intervention. The proposed method is a novel adaptive multivariate statistical analysis for monitoring of structural damage detection under environmental change. One advantage of this method is the ability of a generative learning to capture the intrinsic characteristics of the normal condition. The proposed method is tested on numerically simulated data for a range of noise in measurement under environmental variation. A comparative study with conventional methods (i.e., fixed reference scheme) demonstrates the superior performance of the proposed method for structural damage detection.