gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Small axial turbine stator technology program (1982)

An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the effects of surface finish, fillet radius, inlet boundary layer thickness, and free-stream inlet turbulence level on the aerodynamic performance of a small axial flow turbine stator. The principal objective of this program was to help understand why large turbine efficiency is not maintained when a large turbine is scaled to a smaller size. The stator used in this program as a one-sixth scale of a 762 mm (30 in.) diameter stator design with 50 vanes having a vane height of 17 mm (0.666 in.) and an aspect ratio of 1.77. A comprehensive overall test matrix was used to provide a complete engineering understanding of the effects of each variable over the full range of all the other variables. The range of each variable investigated was as follows: surface finish 0.1 micro (4 micro in.) to 2.4 micro (95 micro in.); boundary layer thickness 2 to 25 percent of channel height at each wall; fillet radius 0 mm (0 in.) to 1.0 mm (.040 in.) and turbulence 2 to 12 percent.
Melanin density and melanin type predict melanocytic naevi in 19–20 year olds of northern European ancestry (2000)

Recent advances in estimating the density of cutaneous melanin by spectrophotometry and the concentration of the two types of melanin (eumelanin and phaeomelanin) in hair offer the potential to define the risk of skin cancer in individuals more accurately. The presence of common melanocytic naevi on the arm is associated with an increased risk of melanoma, and in this study the associations of arm naevi with melanin density at the upper inner arm and with melanin type in hair samples were examined in a representative sample (n = 267) of 19-20 year olds of northern European ancestry. Particularly in men, the association with naevus count was stronger for cutaneous melanin density than for follicular melanin type. Adjusted for recreational sun exposure, the rank correlation coefficients were r = -0.25, 0.12 and 0.01 for men, and r = -0.17, -0.12 and 0.14 for women, for cutaneous melanin, hair eumelanin and hair phaeomelanin, respectively. The associations with less objective markers of phenotype (hair colour, eye colour, nurse-assessed skin colour, and self-reported skin reaction to unaccustomed sun) were weaker. These findings provide important new information that human susceptibility to mutations of melanocytes can be estimated by objective biological measures. The next step is to determine whether these measures also predict the risk of melanoma.
Thermal design and analyses of Skylab multipurpose furnace and experiments (1974)

The Skylab multipurpose electric furnace was designed to accommodate eleven different materials processing experiments with their respective thermal requirements and constraints. Extensive prototype and ground-based tests were carried out and detailed thermal analyses were performed to ensure that these requirements and constraints are met. The basic features of the multipurpose electric furnace and the eleven experimental cartridges are outlined. The design and development problems encountered and the solutions to these problems are discussed. The analytical techniques used for thermal design and analyses are described.
<title>PAMELA: phase I testing and verification on a 0.5-m diameter telescope with a 36-segment adaptive primary mirror</title> (1995)

The Phased Array Mirror, Extendible Large Aperture (PAMELA) prototype telescope phase I testing and verification has been completed. The prototype telescope is the first to have a fully adaptive primary mirror which consists of 36 hexagonal injection-molded Pyrex segments that are seven centimeters flat-to-flat. The segments are mounted on three long-throw voice-coil actuators for tip, tilt, and piston motion. The segments' tilts are measured with a Hartmann- Shack wavefront sensor, and the piston errors between adjacent segments are measured via inductive edge-sensors. The 0.5 meter telescope was successfully operated with simultaneously closed tilt and piston control loops for the entire array. Phase I test and verification results are shown for the closed loop operations.
Short-term safety assessment of clobetasol propionate 0.05% shampoo: hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression, atrophogenicity, and ocular safety in subjects with scalp psoriasis. (2006)

Clobetasol propionate is known to be a very effective treatment for psoriasis; however, its use is limited by potent corticosteroid class related side effects such as hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression and atrophogenicity. The aim of this single-center, parallel group, randomized study was to assess the HPA axis suppression potential, atrophogenicity, and ocular tolerability of clobetasol propionate shampoo in 26 patients with scalp psoriasis. Suitable subjects were treated once daily for 4 weeks with clobetasol propionate shampoo, to be rinsed off after 15 minutes or with a leave-on clobetasol propionate gel. The study demonstrated that clobetasol propionate shampoo did not lead to HPA axis suppression or to skin atrophy. Conversely, the gel led to HPA axis suppression and a decrease in skin thickness. Neither formulation had an impact on ocular safety. Despite the short contact application time, the clobetasol propionate shampoo provides similar efficacy results to the gel.
<scp>pLR</scp>‐<scp>HL</scp>: A Novel Amphibian Bowman–Birk‐type Trypsin Inhibitor from the Skin Secretion of the Broad‐folded Frog, <i>Hylarana latouchii</i> (2015)

In this study, we report a novel heptadecapeptide (LIGGCWTKSIPPKPCLV) of the pLR/ranacyclin family, named pLR-HL, whose structure was deduced from its biosynthetic precursor-encoding cDNA cloned from the skin secretion-derived cDNA library of the broad-folded frog, Hylarana latouchii, by employing a 'shotgun' cloning technique. It contains a disulphide loop between Cys(5) and Cys(15) which is consistent with Bowman-Birk-type protease inhibitors. The primary structure of pLR-HL deduced from the cDNA sequence was confirmed by fractionating the skin secretion using reverse-phase HPLC and subsequent analysis using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and LC/MS/MS fragmentation sequencing. On the basis of the establishment of unequivocal amino acid sequence, a synthetic replicate was synthesized by solid-phase Fmoc chemistry, and it displayed a moderately potent trypsin inhibition with a Ki of 143 nm. The substitution of Lys-8 by Phe (Phe(8) -pLR-HL) resulted in abolition of trypsin inhibition but generation of modest inhibition on chymotrypsin with a Ki of 2.141 μm. Additionally, both the disulphide loops of pLR-HL and Phe(8) -pLR-HL were synthesized and tested. Both of the catalytic loops retained similar inhibitory potencies towards trypsin or chymotrypsin in comparison with the original intact molecules. Thus, the replacement of reactive site residues could alter the specificity of these protease inhibitors, while the canonical reactive loop alone can independently constitute biologically active moiety.
A study of a method of compensation for mutual coupling between multi-mode antennas and single-mode antennas (2004)

A method to compensate the mutual coupling between array elements composed of multi-mode antennas and single-mode antennas has been proposed. By introducing a concept of an equivalent array spacing, the compensation can be achieved without using the directions of the incident waves. Numerical results for an array composed of a dipole element and a loop element have been shown to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.
Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry: Matrix Effects on Ion Formation and Fragmentation. (1994)

Matrix effects on the competitive formation and extents of fragmentation of M+· and [M+H]+ ions produced under fast atom bombardment (FAB) conditions, and on the formation of complex [M+matrix+H]+ and [M+matrix-H]- ions under FAB conditions have been described using various organic compounds. The use of hydrophilic matrices such as glycerol and thioglycerol resulted in the preferential formation of [M+H]+ to M+· ions compared to the use of hydrophobic matrices such as m-nitrobenzyl alcohol and o-nitrophenyloctyl ether. The use of alcoholic-hydrophilic matrices such as glycerol and pentamethylene glycol resulted in the preferential formation of [M+H]+ to M+· ions compared to the use of thiol-containing hydrophilic matrices such as thioglycerol and dithiothreitol. The latter matrix effect was explained on the basis of the distinction of hydrogenbonding ability between hydroxyl -OH and thiol -SH groups, and it was proposed that the hydrogen-bonding interaction between the hydroxyl group(s) of matrix and the basic site(s) of analyte molecules in matrix solution, which was named as a ‘quasi-preformed state’, is advantageous for the formation of [M+H]+ to M+· ions. It was confirmed that the fragmentation of [M+H]+ and M+· ions produced under FAB conditions occurs independently to each other and that the extent of fragmentation of M+· ions is often comparable to that of fragmentation of M+· ions formed at 70 eV or above in the electron impact ionization method. The extent of fragmentation of M+· ions under FAB conditions depended upon the matrix materials used. Further, the extent of fragmentation of [M+H]+ ions under FAB conditions was larger than that of fragmentation of [M+H]+ ions formed by the isobutane chemical ionization method. The complex ions, [M+matrix+H]+ and [M+matrix-H]-, were formed by the use of a certain prenylated flavone and thiol-containing matrices, while the complex ions were not formed by the use of the flavone lacking a prenyl group or glycerol matrix. The suitability of matrix materials for positive- and negative- ion FAB mass spectrometry has been discussed.
An Application of a Modified Ecological Footprint Method and Structural Path Analysis in a Comparative Institutional Study (2003)

This paper presents an application of a modified ecological footprint method, using a regional, disturbance-based approach. In contrast to conventional institutional ecological footprint calculations, energy and land use resulting from all upstream production processes are explored by employing an input-output framework. Ecological footprints are calculated for two research institutions: the School of Physics (SoP) at the University of Sydney, and the Sustainable Ecosystems (CSE) Department of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. These are broken down further in terms of land disturbance and greenhouse gas emissions, and as a function of production layer. To enable the use of the results in policy formulation, the ecological footprints are decomposed into detailed contributing paths, which are ranked according to their importance, using structural path analysis. The paper demonstrates that a considerable proportion of impacts occur upstream in industrial production. Thus a significant result of the study is the weight of obscure paths in the total footprints and, therefore, the importance of conducting an holistic assessment in order to ensure all upstream contributions are captured in the final impact of the institution.
Author's response to Persson letter (2012)

Dr Persson raises excellent points regarding the potential for epithelial cells to contribute to the clearance of eosinophils from tissue. We are in agreement that eosinophils can migrate from bone marrow to blood to submucosa to epithelium to lumen. However, the speed of the process, the role and response of each compartment, the stimulus for it and its overall control remain poorly understood. Dr Persson suggests that previous reports show an inverse relationship of tissue compared with luminal/epithelial eosinophils following allergen challenge such that the accumulation of eosinophils in the lumen equates to resolution of inflammation. This suggests to him that the epithelium plays a resolving role.
The RNA Binding Activity of a Ribosome Biogenesis Factor, Nucleophosmin/B23, Is Modulated by Phosphorylation with a Cell Cycle-dependent Kinase and by Association with Its Subtype (2002)

Nucleophosmin/B23 is a nucleolar phosphoprotein. It has been shown that B23 binds to nucleic acids, digests RNA, and is localized in nucleolar granular components from which preribosomal particles are transported to cytoplasm. The intracellular localization of B23 is significantly changed during the cell cycle. Here, we have examined the cellular localization of B23 proteins and the effect of mitotic phosphorylation of B23.1 on its RNA binding activity. Two splicing variants of B23 proteins, termed B23.1 and B23.2, were complexed both in vivo and in vitro. The RNA binding activity of B23.1 was impaired by hetero-oligomer formation with B23.2. Both subtypes of B23 proteins were phosphorylated during mitosis by cyclin B/cdc2. The RNA binding activity of B23.1 was repressed through cyclin B/cdc2-mediated phosphorylation at specific sites in B23. Thus, the RNA binding activity of B23.1 is stringently modulated by its phosphorylation and subtype association. Interphase B23.1 was mainly localized in nucleoli, whereas B23.2 and mitotic B23.1, those of which were incapable of binding to RNA, were dispersed throughout the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm, respectively. These results suggest that nucleolar localization of B23.1 is mediated by its ability to associate with RNA.
Evaluation of Intraoperative Frozen Section Diagnosis of Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Breast Cancer (2004)

FS diagnosis for SLNs is reliable. Patients with negative SLNs by the FS diagnosis can avoid reoperation for ALND. However, FS may fail to detect micrometastases, especially in cases with small tumors.
An aromatic noble-gas hydride: C6H5CCXeH (2017)

We report on the aromatic noble-gas hydride, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>CCXeH, identified in a xenon matrix using infrared spectroscopy and extensive quantum chemical calculations. This molecule is prepared by 250-nm photolysis of phenylacetylene (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>CCH) isolated in a xenon matrix and subsequent thermal mobilization of hydrogen atoms at about 40 K. The characteristic H-Xe stretching mode of C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>CCXeH is observed at about 1500 cm<sup>-1</sup>, and a number of other fundamentals also appear in the experimental spectra. The assignment is supported by deuteration experiments providing predictable shifts of the vibrational frequencies. The experimental and calculated spectra are in a good agreement. C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>CCXeH is computationally lower in energy than the C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>CC + Xe + H fragments by about 0.60 eV at the M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ-PP level of theory, which allows its formation at low temperatures. C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>CCXeH is the first aromatic noble-gas hydride and the first halogen-free aromatic noble-gas compound.
Synthetic Peptides Related to Horse Heart Cytochrome C III. Peptides Corresponding to Positions 85–89 (1971)

Abstract Synthesis is described of a series of peptide derivatives which corresponds to positions 85‐89 in the primary structure of horse heart Cytochrome C. The preparation of the partially protected pentapeptides: benzyloxycarbonyl‐L‐isoleucyl‐ϵ ‐trifluoroacetyl‐L‐lysyl‐ϵ ‐trifluoroacetyl‐L‐lysyl‐ϵ ‐trifluoroacetyl‐L‐lysyl‐L‐threonyl hydrazide trifluoroacetate and L‐isoleucyl‐ϵ ‐trifluoroacetyl‐L‐lysyl‐ ϵ ‐trifluoroacetyl‐L‐lysyl‐ϵ ‐trifluoroacetyl‐L‐lysyl‐L‐threonyl‐t‐butyloxycarbonyl hydrazide acetate is described.
Strategies of chemoprevention based on antigenic and molecular of early and premalignant lesions of the bladder (1992)

Using monoclonal antibodies, we have identified a series of tumor-associated antigens selectively expressed on tumor subtypes with distinct clinical behaviours. The mucinous antigen M344 and the gp200 surface antigen 19A211 are preferentially expressed on papillary superficial tumors and carcinoma in situ lesions of the bladder. The combination of these two antigenic markers in immunocytology and flow cytometry studies of exfoliated cells has improved the sensitivity of detection for bladder tumors. Moreover, the detection of M344- and 19A211-positive exfoliated cells from previously treated but currently tumor-free patients appears to be predictive of tumor recurrence on follow-up. These results, as well as results of bladder mapping studies in tumor patients, suggest that these antigenic changes occur in a premalignant stage and may provide tools to monitor the efficacy of chemopreventive measures. Other markers, such as the surface antigen T138 and the soluble molecules autocrine motility factor (AMF) and tumor collagenase stimulating factor (TCSF), are produced by primary or recurrent tumors with a higher metastatic potential. They may be useful in identifying high risk patients for distant failure. The highly restricted antigen 19A211 is also expressed on cervix condylomas and carcinoma. This observation led us to investigate a possible viral etiology of some bladder cancers. Using PCR techniques, we detected the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 DNA sequences in a significant proportion of bladder tumors. HPV positivity was inversely correlated with the presence of p53 mutations in exons 5-9 of the same tumors as measured by PCR-SSCP technique. This combination of markers may provide a basis for chemoprevention strategies targeted to distinct etiological events.
Role and location of "protease I" from Escherichia coli (1976)

Pacaud and Uriel described an enzyme from Escherichia coli ("protease I") that hydrolyzes acetyl phenylalanine naphthyl ester (APNE). We examined the possible involvement of this enzyme in intracellular protein degradation, its subcellular distribution, and its proteolytic activity. Although the APNE-hydrolyzing activity is localized primarily in the periplasm, proteolytic activity against casein was found in the periplasm, membrane, and cytoplasm with similar specific activities. The APNE-hydrolyzing enzyme did not appear to contribute to the proteolytic activity of the periplasm. A mutant deficient in APNE-hydrolyzing activity lacked all activity in the periplasm but showed a slight percentage of residual activity in the cytoplasm. Extracts of such cells were normal in their ability to hydrolyze casein. The mutant was indistinguishable from wild-type cells in its rate of protein degradation during growth or glucose starvation and in the ability to rapidly degrade puromycin-containing polypeptides. Nitrogen starvation, which increased protein breakdown severalfold, affected neither the total amount nor the distribution of APNE-hydrolyzing activity. The mutant showed no defect in its ability to cleave small phenylalanine-containing peptides released during protein degradation. The mutant and wild-type cells are equally able to hydrolyze exogenously supplied phenylalanyl peptides. These experiments suggest that the APNE-hydrolyzing enzyme is not required for protein degradation and that "protease I" is probably not a protease.
Quantitative Pharmaco‐Electroencephalography in Early Evaluation of Psychotropic Drugs* (1971)

Summary Our studies have shown that the method of quantitative pharmaco‐electroencephalo‐graphy, using digital computer period analysis of the EEG and statistical procedures in the evaluation of a new drug can: a) determine the drug's central effectiveness when given the first time in man, b) predict its clinical value, and c) predict its effective single dosage ranges. Although the scalp‐recorded EEG is a less than perfect method of evaluating human behavior, our experimental studies, as well as clinical trials, have demonstrated that it is an extremely useful approach in the very early evaluation of new drugs.
Immunohistochemical localization of the mGluR1β metabotropic glutamate receptor in the adult rodent forebrain: Evidence for a differential distribution of mGluR1 splice variants (1998)

Alternative splicing has been shown to occur at the metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) gene. Three main isoforms that differ in their carboxy-termini have been described so far and named mGluR1α, mGluR1β and mGluR1c. These variants when expressed in recombinant systems all activate phospholipase C, although the [Ca2+] signals generated have different kinetics. Tissue distribution studies of specific mGluR1 splice variants are limited to the mGluR1α isoform. In the present work, we examined the localization of mGluR1β in the adult rat and mouse forebrain by using a specific antipeptide antibody. Furthermore, the mGluR1β immunostaining was compared with that obtained with antibodies specific for mGluR1α or with a pan-mGluR1 antibody which recognizes all isoforms. mGluR1β-like immunoreactivity (LI) was found confined to the neuropil and neuronal perikarya and appeared discretely distributed in the rodent forebrain. Differential cellular distribution between mGluR1α and mGluR1β was observed. In the hippocampus, mGluR1α-LI was restricted to non-principal neurons in all fields, whereas mGluR1β-LI was strongest in principal cells of the CA3 field and dentate granule cells but absent in CA1. We have also shown that the vast majority of neurons in the striatum express mGluR1. The predominant form appeared to be mGluR1β, with a distribution pattern reflecting the patch-matrix organization of the striatum. The specificity of the immunoreactivity described for mGluR1 splice variants was confirmed in mGluR1-deficient mice. The observation of a different cellular and regional distribution of mGluR1 splice variants, in particular in the hippocampus, suggests that they may mediate different roles in synaptic transmission. J. Comp. Neurol. 400:391–407, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
PMU analytics for decentralized dynamic state estimation of power systems using the Extended Kalman Filter with Unknown Inputs (2015)

The rotor angle and rotor speed estimation of synchronous generators is a key for developing practical local or wide-area control of power system. The critical information in this context is the input signals such as field voltage and mechanical torque which are not available from easily available terminal phasor measurement unit (PMU) signals. To overcome these issues, the Extended Kalman Filter with Unknown Inputs, referred to as the EKF-UI technique, is employed in this paper for decentralized dynamic state estimation of a synchronous machine states using terminal active and reactive powers, voltage phasor and frequency measurements. It is demonstrated that using the decentralized EKF-UI scheme, synchronous machine states can be estimated accurately enough to enable wide-area power system stabilizers (WA-PSSs). Simulation results on Hydro-Quebec simplified network highlight the efficiency of the proposed method under fault conditions with electromagnetic transients and full-order generator models in realistic multi-machine setups.
Highly iodinated fibrinogen: a new thrombus-localizing agent. (1975)

We have examined radioiodinated fibrinogen prepared at high levels of iodination as an agent for improved in vivo thrombus detection. Fibrinogen containing 25, 50, and 100 atoms of iodine per molecule is prepared by an electrolytic procedure and is compared with conventional radiolabeled fibrinogen (less than 0.5 iodine atom per molecule) prepared by the iodine monochloride method. The level of iodination has little effect on the isotopic clottability of the product, but its degree of aggregation and its rate of blood clearance in experimental animals is strongly dependent on iodination level. Isotopic thrombus: blood ratios obtained in recently induced thrombi with the 25 atom per molecule preparation average about 50:1, twice as high as the ratios obtained with conventionally labeled fibrinogen.