gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
xstroke: Full-screen Gesture Recognition for X. (2003)

Gesture recognition is a common method of text input on handheld and other pen-based computing devices. Xstroke is a full-screen gesture recognition program for the X Window System. The touchscreen of a typical pen-based device is divided into two regions, a primary region for application display and interaction, and a secondary region for gesture input. Full-screen gesture recognition improves on the typical implementation by sharing the entire screen for both purposes. Applications benefit as more screen real estate is available. Recognition performance improves due to increased information from larger gestures. Usability increases as less time is lost switching attention between two separate screen regions. Full-screen gesture recognition presents several userinterface design challenges. Conventional GUI interaction is pointer driven. This makes it difficult for systems with single-button pointer devices to distinguish between GUI interaction and character input. Several solutions to this problem are examined. The simple feature-based recognition engine at the heart of Xstroke has proven capable of resolving gesture sets of 100 different gestures with up to 95% accuracy. Xstroke is freely available and has become the predominant gesture recognition system for X-based handheld devices.
Lymphangitic Spread of Metastatic Cancer to the Lung (1971)

Autopsy diagnosis of pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis was made in 23 cases in which recent chest radiographs were available. Three radiologic groups were evident: Group I—5 cases with both parenchymal nodules and an interstitial linear pattern; Group II—10 cases with an interstitial linear pattern only; Group III—8 cases in which the lungs appeared normal. The radiologic-pathologic correlation was excellent. Lymph nodes contained metastatic tumor in 11 cases while arterial tumor emboli were identified in 20 of the 23 cases. The pathogenic mechanism of such tumor spread may be primarily vascular embolization rather than retrograde spread from central lymphnode involvement.
Learning User Keystroke Patterns For Authentication (2008)

Keystroke authentication is a new access control system to identify legitimate users via their typing behavior. In this paper, machine learning techniques are adapted for keystroke authentication. Seven learning methods are used to build models to differentiate user keystroke patterns. The selected classification methods are Decision Tree, Naive Bayesian, Instance Based Learning, Decision Table, One Rule, Random Tree and K-star. Among these methods, three of them are studied in more details. The results show that machine learning is a feasible alternative for keystroke authentication. Compared to the conventional Nearest Neighbour method in the recent research, learning methods especially Decision Tree can be more accurate. In addition, the experiment results reveal that 3-Grams is more accurate than 2-Grams and 4-Grams for feature extraction. Also, combination of attributes tend to result higher accuracy.
Up‐regulation of MKK4, MKK6 and MKK7 during prostate cancer progression: an important role for SAPK signalling in prostatic neoplasia (2007)

Identification of the signalling cascades that are differentially activated during prostatic tumourigenesis is a crucial step in the search for future molecular targets in this disease. The stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) signalling cascade culminates in the phosphorylation of the JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Recently, the upstream activators of these proteins, the MAPK kinases (MKKs), have been implicated as inhibitors of tumour progression in a variety of clinical and experimental tumour models. This study evaluates MKK4, MKK6 and MKK7 expression during prostate cancer progression in humans and in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of a mouse prostate (TRAMP) model of prostate tumourigenesis. Benign prostate, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) lesions and tumour tissues were collected from 37 TRAMP mice. Additionally, six tissue microarrays were constructed with tumours from a matched group of 102 men who underwent radical prostatectomy. Tissues from 20 patients with extensive high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) were also analysed. For all samples, immunohistochemical staining for MKK4, MKK6 and MKK7 was scored in normal and neoplastic glands. Staining intensities of MKK4, MKK6 and MKK7 were significantly increased in HGPIN and prostate cancer compared to surrounding normal glands in both the TRAMP and human samples (p < 0.0001 for all markers). Increased levels of MKK4 or MKK7 correlated with higher pathological stage at prostatectomy (p = 0.01 and p = 0.04). Using multivariate analysis, there was no association between protein levels and time to biochemical recurrence in the human samples. The up-regulation of MKK4, MKK6 and MKK7 during prostate cancer progression in both TRAMP and human tissues highlights an important role for the SAPK signalling cascade in prostatic neoplasia. The finding that higher MKK4 and MKK7 expression is associated with higher-stage prostatic tumours underscores the dynamic regulation of these proteins during prostatic tumourigenesis.
Study of the mechanism of spatter produced by basic welding electrodes (1996)

In this work a device was made to control the current at three stages of short circuiting welding: at the beginning of short circuiting, during the overall period of short circuiting, including the breaking stage, and at the arc reinitiating stage. By investigating the effects of these currents on the spatter produced by basic welding electrodes, the decisive parameter which determined spatter quantities was identified as the current at the short circuit breaking stage. On the basis of the experimental results from the combined effect of short circuiting current and the oxygen potential in the covering, it was found that the major process causing spatter was the explosion of CO gas bubbles, which resulted in the breakage of the short circuiting bridge. The high density of current intensified this explosion and increased the spatter quantity. The spatter mechanism caused by the explosion of gases was identified by studying the metal transfer using laser back-light, high-speed photography and x-ray, high-speed photography to record two images simultaneously, along with arc sound and arc voltage oscillographs.
Enzyme Immunoassay of 17β-Estradiol, Estrone Conjugates, and Testosterone in Urinary and Fecal Samples from Male and Female Mice (2001)

ELISA measures of 17 beta-estradiol, estrone conjugates, and testosterone were adapted for fecal and urinary samples from laboratory mice. We will report on validations of these assays and data from interacting males and females. Unconjugated gonadal steroids were consistently measurable in urine and feces of both males and females. Females that were parturient following insemination excreted relatively low levels of urinary testosterone compared to non-parturient females. The results are consistent with evidence that elevated androgens and estrogens are incompatible with intrauterine implantation of fertilized ova, and suggest that steroids in male urine could contribute to pheromonal action. These methods permit repeated noninvasive measurement of steroid activity in this species.
Suitability of commercially available laboratory cryogenic refrigerators to support shipboard electro-optical systems in the 10 - 77 Kelvin region (1983)

The primary development of cryogenically cooled infrared systems was accomplished by FLIR systems designed for airborne, passive night vision. Essential to the development of these FLIR systems was a family of closed cycle refrigerators which had to meet a limited envelope requirement, utilize a nonlubricated compressor module, and be light in weight. Closed cycle refrigerators accomplished the same cooling function, they use modified oil lubricated reciprocating compressors which are limited in their axis of orientation to an angle of approximately 15-20 degrees maximum from horizon.
The Importance of Bicarbonate in Large Volume Anesthetic Preparations (1992)

Sodium bicarbonate can be used in a 1 mEq per 10 mL of lidocaine ratio similar to other buffered anesthetic solutions. This solution is physiologic in pH. However, some thought should also be given to the pKa of lidocaine, which is at pH 7.9. To achieve this even higher concentration (20 mEq/L) bicarbonate must be added to the tumescent solution. Thought must be given to these concepts when tumescent solutions are used in large volumes.
Perceived value of self-monitoring blood glucose by primary care physicians and endocrinologists (2022)

The value of self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) in patients with non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes (NITT2DM) has been debated; however, the practice remains common. Patient perception of SMBG has been documented in several qualitative studies. However, the literature is lacking on the perceived value of SMBG by providers. This study used a structured questionnaire to evaluate and compare the perceived value, recommended frequency, and utility of SMBG in patients with NITT2DM by primary care providers (PCPs) and endocrinologists. A total of 70 PCPs and 14 endocrinologists completed the questionnaire. The results suggest that PCPs and endocrinologists find the practice of SMBG valuable in NITT2DM and believe it promotes behavioral changes in their patients. However, endocrinologists tend to recommend more frequent SMBG and find SMBG values more useful in making medication decisions. Conversely, PCPs tend to find the hemoglobin A1c more valuable than SMBG in making medication adjustments.
Postoperative complications in laser in situ keratomileusis (2000)

Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) has become the most common procedure to correct refractive errors in North America. Increasing numbers of patients and surgeons are choosing LASIK in the management of low and moderate myopia, astigmatism, and hyperopia. LASIK presents a unique group of postoperative challenges and complications. It is important to be able to identify these complications in the early and late postoperative periods and to provide effective management. In this article, we review the most commonly encountered early and late postoperative complications after LASIK and the most current methods in prevention and treatment.
Text Understanding from Scratch (2015)

This article demontrates that we can apply deep learning to text understanding from character-level inputs all the way up to abstract text concepts, using temporal convolutional networks (ConvNets). We apply ConvNets to various large-scale datasets, including ontology classification, sentiment analysis, and text categorization. We show that temporal ConvNets can achieve astonishing performance without the knowledge of words, phrases, sentences and any other syntactic or semantic structures with regards to a human language. Evidence shows that our models can work for both English and Chinese.
Mouse p53 represses the rat brain creatine kinase gene but activates the rat muscle creatine kinase gene. (1994)

The creatine kinases (CK) regenerate ATP for cellular reactions with a high energy expenditure. While muscle CK (CKM) is expressed almost exclusively in adult skeletal and cardiac muscle, brain CK (CKB) expression is more widespread and is highest in brain glial cells. CKB expression is also high in human lung tumor cells, many of which contain mutations in p53 alleles. We have recently detected high levels of CKB mRNA in HeLa cells and, in this study, have tested whether this may be due to the extremely low amounts of p53 protein present in HeLa cells. Transient transfection experiments showed that wild-type mouse p53 severely repressed the rat CKB promoter in HeLa but not CV-1 monkey kidney cells, suggesting that, in HeLa but not CV-1 cells, p53 either associates with a required corepressor or undergoes a posttranslational modification necessary for CKB repression. Conversely, mouse wild-type p53 strongly activated the rat CKM promoter in CV-1 cells but not in HeLa cells, suggesting that, in CV-1 cells, p53 may associate with a required coactivator or is modified in a manner necessary for CKM activation. The DNA sequences required for p53-mediated modulations were found to be within bp -195 to +5 of the CKB promoter and within bp -168 to -97 of the CKM promoter. Moreover, a 112-bp fragment from the proximal rat CKM promoter (bp -168 to -57), which contained five degenerate p53-binding elements, was capable of conferring p53-mediated activation on a heterologous promoter in CV-1 cells. Also, this novel p53 sequence, when situated in the native 168-bp rat CKM promoter, conferred p53-mediated activation equal to or greater than that of the originally characterized far-upstream (bp -3160) mouse CKM p53 element. Therefore, CKB and CKM may be among the few cellular genes which could be targets of p53 in vivo. In addition, we analyzed a series of missense mutants with alterations in conserved region II of p53. Mutations affected p53 transrepression and transactivation activities differently, indicating that these activities in p53 are separable. The ability of p53 mutants to transactivate correlated well with their ability to inhibit transformation of rat embryonic fibroblasts by adenovirus E1a and activated Ras.
High‐resolution patterning of organohalide lead perovskite pixels for photodetectors using orthogonal photolithography (2016)

Organohalide lead perovskite (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 ) is a novel material with promising applicability for visible light photo‐detectors. The ability to develop perovskite photo‐detector devices using a low temperature solution based process allows straightforward combinations with other materials, including traditional crystalline semiconductors, with minimal contributions to cost and process complexity. There is, however, a need for high‐resolution structuring of the perovskite film to minimize cross‐talk between neighboring detectors (pixels) for imaging purposes. This work presents a method to develop Ch 3 NH 3 PbI 3 thin films possessing high‐resolution patterning, using lithography processing with hydrofluoroether solvents. The results presented herein confirm that, unlike the majority of traditional solvents utilized in conventional photolithography, hydrofluoroethers do not adversely affect CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 films, enabling photolithographic processing. Transfer of the resist pattern is achieved using a SF 6 plasma functionalization process which extracts iodine and organic components from the film, converting the perovskite into PbF 2 . This work also demonstrates that isolation of perovskite photodetecting pixels with a 20 μm‐wide stripe of PbF 2 leads to a 4.5‐fold reduction in the cross‐talk between neighboring pixels. It is believed that our method will facilitate simple monolithic integration of perovskite photodiodes to the silicon backplane chip utilized in active‐pixel sensor and charge‐coupled device applications.
A New Biaxial Tension Test Fixture for Uniaxial Testing Machine - a Validation for Hyperelastic Behavior of Rubber-Like Materials (2007)

International audience
Understanding and supporting personal activity management by IT service workers (2008)

Many recent studies provide evidence of the challenges experienced by knowledge workers while multi-tasking among several projects and initiatives. Work is often interrupted, and this results in people leaving activities pending until they have the time, information, resources or energy to reassume them. Among the different types of knowledge workers, those working directly with Information Technology (IT) or offering IT services -- software developers, support engineers, systems administrators or database managers --, experience particularly challenging scenarios of multi-tasking given the varied, crisis-driven and reactive nature of their work. Previous recommendations and technological solutions to ameliorate these challenges give limited attention to individual's preferences and to understanding how and what tools and strategies could benefit IT service workers as individuals. Based on the analysis of characteristics of IT service work and a consolidation of findings regarding personal activity management processes, we present the design of a software tool to support those processes and discuss findings of its usage by four IT service workers over a period of eight weeks. We found that the tool is used as a central repository to orchestrate personal activity, complementing the use of e-mail clients and shared calendars as well as supporting essential aspects of IT-service work such as multi-tasking and detailed work articulation.
Toward a new method to in situ study of apoptosis and its relations with cell cycle (1996)

Apoptosis or programmed cell death plays a key role in many biological processes particularly in oncology. The detection of apoptotic cells is crucial for the study of the phenomenon itself and its relation with the proliferative cell cycle. A new method to detect apoptosis in situ in Feulgen stained cells was developed, based on multiparametric analysis (factorial and decisional analysis), using 15 densitometric and textural parameters measured on a SAMBA 200 cell image processor. Six reference files corresponding to G1, S, and G2 phases and to apoptotic cells derived from these cell cycle phases were constructed. The projection of these files in the factorial principal plane formed distinct clusters. Using the decisional discriminant analysis, it was possible to ascertain the state (apoptosis or proliferative) and the phase for each cell of a population. The correct classification rate of this analysis was 0.9962. Determining the cell cycle phase from which each apoptotic cell comes, we are able to study the relation between apoptosis and the proliferative cell cycle. Moreover, the detection in situ allows us to study cell-cell interactions. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Efficient dynamic focus control for three-dimensional imaging using two-dimensional arrays (2002)

Dynamic receive focusing in ultrasonic array imaging involves extensive real-time computations and data communication. Particularly for three-dimensional imaging, using fully sampled, two-dimensional arrays, implementation of dynamic focusing can be extremely complicated because of the large channel count. In this paper, an efficient dynamic focus control scheme for a delay-and-sum-based beamformer is proposed. The scheme simplifies dynamic focus control by exploiting the range-dependent characteristics of the focusing delay. Specifically, the overall delay is divided into a range-independent steering term and a range-dependent focusing term. Because the focusing term is inversely proportional to range, approximation can be made to simplify dynamic focus control significantly at the price of minimal degradation in focusing quality at shallow depths. In addition, the aperture growth controlled by a constant f/number can also be utilized to devise a non-uniform quantization scheme for the focusing delay values. Efficacy of the proposed scheme is demonstrated using simulated beam plots of a fully sampled, two-dimensional array. Design procedures are also described in detail in this paper. One design example shows that, with the proposed dynamic focus control scheme, a 4096-element array only requires 227 independent controllers for the range-dependent focusing term. Moreover, only 28 non-uniform quantization levels are required to achieve the same focusing quality as that of a conventional scheme with 784 uniform quantization levels. The beam plots of a fully sampled array show that sidelobes are slightly increased below the -30 dB level for imaging depths less than 3 cm. At greater depths, there is no observable degradation.
Automatic target recognition using passive bistatic radar signals. (2013)

We present the design, development, and test of three novel, distinct automatic target recognition (ATR) systems for the recognition of airplanes and, more specifically, non-cooperative airplanes, i.e. airplanes that do not provide information when interrogated, in the framework of passive bistatic radar systems. Passive bistatic radar systems use one or more illuminators of opportunity (already present in the field), with frequencies up to 1 GHz for the transmitter part of the systems considered here, and one or more receivers, deployed by the persons managing the system, and not co-located with the transmitters. The sole source of information are the signal scattered on the airplane and the direct-path signal that are collected by the receiver, some basic knowledge about the transmitter, and the geometrical bistatic radar configuration. The three distinct ATR systems that we built respectively use the radar images, the bistatic complex radar cross-section (BS-RCS), and the bistatic radar cross-section (BS-RCS) of the targets. We use data acquired either on scale models of airplanes placed in an anechoic, electromagnetic chamber or on real-size airplanes using a bistatic testbed consisting of a VOR transmitter and a software-defined radio (SDR) receiver, located near Orly airport, France. We describe the radar phenomenology pertinent for the problem at hand, as well as the mathematical underpinnings of the derivation of the bistatic RCS values and of the construction of the radar images.For the classification of the observed targets into pre-defined classes, we use either extremely randomized trees or subspace methods. A key feature of our approach is that we break the recognition problem into a set of sub-problems by decomposing the parameter space, which consists of the frequency, the polarization, the aspect angle, and the bistatic angle, into regions. We build one recognizer for each region. We first validate the extra-trees method on the radar images of the MSTAR dataset, featuring ground vehicles. We then test the method on the images of the airplanes constructed from data acquired in the anechoic chamber, achieving a probability of correct recognition up to 0.99.We test the subspace methods on the BS-CRCS and on the BS-RCS of the airplanes extracted from the data acquired in the anechoic chamber, achieving a probability of correct recognition up to 0.98, with variations according to the frequency band, the polarization, the sector of aspect angle, the sector of bistatic angle, and the number of (Tx,Rx) pairs used. The ATR system deployed in the field gives a probability of correct recognition of 0.82, with variations according to the sector of aspect angle and the sector of bistatic angle.
Mine mechanization and automation : proceedings of the second International Symposium on Mine Mechanization and Automation, Luleå, Sweden, 7-10 June 1993 (1993)

Innovative mining systems: Non energy minerals (metals), industrial minerals Innovative mining systems: Solid fuel minerals coal, etc. Mechanisation and automation of drilling operations Mechanised rock fragmentation Material handling and data communication Machine automation and control Computer applications Human factors and safety, miscellaneous Reliability and maintenance of mining systems Abstracts Author index.