gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imidazoline Binding Domains on MAO‐B: Localization and Accessibility<sup>a</sup> (1999)

Various imidazoline and guanidinium derivatives elicit diverse cellular responses in both peripheral tissues and the central nervous system that are often difficult to attribute to known receptor signaling systems. Such molecules also exhibit high affinity for membrane proteins (imidazoline binding sites) that are distinct from receptors for known hormones and recognize endogenous bioactive substance(s) that mimic some of the effects of these compounds. These observations suggest a previously uncharacterized cell signaling system. However, limited information on the identity and functionality of this family of imidazoline binding sites has hampered the full understanding of this system. Unexpectedly and of particular significance, recent data indicate that two members of the family of imidazoline binding proteins are identical to the A and B isoforms of monoamine oxidase (MAO). The imidazoline binding domain on MAO is distinct from the enzyme active site that recognizes the mechanism-based inhibitors such as pargyline and deprenyl and is not equally accessible in all tissues.
Population-based persistency rates for topical glaucoma medications measured with pharmacy claims data. (2002)

Persistency with drug therapy reflects a number of factors, including patient tolerability of adverse events resulting from therapy and clinician satisfaction with the medication's effectiveness in reducing intraocular pressure.This study assesses persistency with topical glaucoma medications administered as initial therapy by evaluating rates of discontinuation and change in therapy.A retrospective cohort study was conducted using pharmacy claims data from 3 geographically diverse healthcare plans. Newly treated glaucoma patients younger than 65 years of age were selected based on an initial glaucoma medication fill during a 12-month period. Patients were followed for persistency, defined as discontinuation or change (switch or add-on) of initial glaucoma therapy; discontinuation of therapy was also evaluated as a separate end point.In all, 1330 patients (followed for 1126 person-years) met the eligibility criteria. Compared with latanoprost users, patients initiated on other topical monotherapies were more likely to discontinue or change therapy, and patients initiated on other topical monotherapies were more likely than latanoprost users to discontinue therapy.Population-based data indicate that latanoprost offers superior persistency compared to agents from other popular classes of topical ocular hypotensives.
PC clusters for signal processing: an early prototype (2002)

A cluster of commodity personal computers (PCs) is an attractive platform for signal processing, especially for applications like sensor arrays where there is significant parallelism in the computation. This paper reports the results of experiments with several small cluster configurations to explore the opportunities and limitations of this approach. Experiments included uniprocessor and multiprocessor PCs, 100 Mbit/sec and 1 Gbit/sec Ethernet. All experiments were receive-only, starting from raw spectrum samples provided by a wideband A/D card, and all signal processing code ran as application processes on top of standard Linux. The applications used to drive the experiments were delay and sum beamforming and the simultaneous reception of multiple AMPS cellular channels. The current standard PCI I/O bus (32 bits at 33 MHz) was the most significant bottleneck in the experiments. This suggests that the arrival of the next generation of commodity PCs, with faster I/O busses (such as 64-bit PCI at 66 MHz), may open the door to their use as a low-cost platform for a variety of low-end real-time signal processing applications.
THE STRUCTURE AND STEREOISOMERISM OF THREE MITRAGYNA ALKALOIDS (1960)

Isorhyncophylline, the isomer into which rhyncophylline is convertible, has been found to occur in nature. Both bases are interconvertible. Isorhyncophylline on hydrolysis with dilute hydrochloric acid is converted to an aldehyde reducible to isorhyncophyllol. When the aldehyde is reduced in the Wolff–Kishner reaction, it is also isomerized and the product is isorhyncophyllane. This reduction product is oxidized by mercuric acetate to a neutral dilactam which still contains the oxindole carbonyl and further contains a new lactam carbonyl present in a six-membered ring. Reduction of the dilactam with lithium aluminum hydride gave a product having the spectroscopic properties of an indole. This confirms the assumption previously made that in rhyncophylline, ring C is five-membered. The isomerization of rhyncophylline, mitraphylline, and formosanine is described. Formosanine has been shown to be identical with uncarine-B and thus uncarine-A is the iso base derivable from formosanine.
Laminin inhibits human keratinocyte migration (1988)

A quantitative migration assay for human keratinocytes was developed to assess the influence of extracellular matrix molecules on cell motility independently from their effect on cell proliferation. Fibronectin and collagen types I and IV markedly promoted keratinocyte migration, but albumin, type V collagen, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan had little effect. In contrast, laminin inhibited keratinocyte motility and dramatically reduced type IV collagen-induced migration in a concentration-dependent manner. Laminin was not toxic, since it had no apparent effect on morphology, growth, or ability of cells to be passaged. Laminin, a major component of the lamina lucida, may inhibit motility of keratinocytes in vivo. Absence of contact with laminin, which accompanies wounding, may facilitate motility and healing in the epidermis.
Comparison of eltanolone and thiopental in anaesthesia for termination of pregnancy (1995)

Eltanolone, a new steroid hypnotic, was compared to thiopental in short anaesthesia. Sixty unpremedicated, Asa 1-2 women were randomized to receive eltanolone 0.6 (group E1) or 0.8 mg.kg-1 (group E2) or thiopental 4 mg.kg-1 (group T) for induction of anaesthesia. One minute before induction glycopyrrolate 0.2 mg and alfentanil 15 micrograms.kg-1 i.v. were administered. If induction failed, additional boluses of the test drug were given. Anaesthesia was maintained with 67% nitrous oxide in oxygen, and additional bolus doses of the test drug were given in a standardized fashion, if needed. Recovery was assessed by a research nurse blinded to the agent used. Mean +/- s.d. induction doss were 0.7 +/- 0.1 mg.kg-1 (group E1), 0.8 +/- 0.1 mg.kg-1 (group E2) and 4.0 +/- 0.0 mg.kg-1 (group T). Induction time was prolonged in the group E1 compared to the other two groups (P < 0.05). Side effects were few in all groups, but involuntary muscle movements or hypertonus occurred in 23% of the patients in the eltanolone and in 3% in the thiopental groups (n.s). Early recovery (eye opening, orientation and sitting) was slower in both eltanolone groups compared to the thiopental group (P < 0.01). No differences between the groups were found in toleration of oral fluids, walking, voiding, postoperative analgesic requirements or postoperative nausea and vomiting.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Work Group Performance Measurement and Feedback (1993)

A comprehensive performance measurement system was developed for two departments of a small retail corporation. The measurement system measured key dimensions of performance and integrated multiple measures into a composite index using a ProMES (productivity measurement and evaluation system) methodology. Subsequent to development, the measurement system was used in one of the departments as a monthly feedback system. A significant improvement in overall performance occurred in the department receiving feedback, whereas no improvement was found in a comparison department that did not receive feedback. In addition to the effects of feedback, a process methodology was used to assess users' reactions to the measurement system. Qualitative analysis procedures indicated that their reactions were slightly positive, although many suggestions for improvements were offered. Changes to the measurement system were made as a result of the suggestions.
Design and implementation of distributed disaster tolerant system (2007)

The remote disaster tolerant system used local disaster tolerant center as the high-speed backup cache and remote write operation replication to achieve remote data backup.It implemented automatic service switching by efficient failure detection algorithm.It used several recovery strategies to support rapid data recovery.Moreover,this system supported various opera-ting systems and databases and supplies graphic interface for system configuration.
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-alpha and TNF Receptors in Viral Pathogenesis (2000)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and TNF receptors (TNFR) are members of the growing TNF ligand and receptor families that are involved in immune regulation. The present report will focus on the role of the prototypic ligand TNF and its two receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2, in viral pathogenesis. Although TNF was reported years ago to modulate viral infections, recent findings on the molecular pathways involved in TNFR signaling have allowed a better understanding of the molecular interactions between cellular and viral factors within the infected cell. The interactions of viral proteins with intracellular components downstream of the TNFR have highlighted at the molecular level how viruses can manipulate the cellular machinery to escape the immune response and to favor the spread of the infection. We will review here the role of TNF and TNFR in immune response and the role of TNF and TNFR signaling in viral pathogenesis.
Mechanisms of action of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy and potential use in autoimmune connective tissue diseases (1991)

It has been almost 10 years since the observations on the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. Over the next decade, IVIG was used in other types of autoimmune diseases. Much work has also been done on gaining a better understanding of the mechanism(s) by which IVIG exerts its effects in these autoimmune diseases. This review examines the proposed mechanisms of action of IVIG and establishes a rationale for the use of this type of therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune connective tissue disorders. Currently, only anecdotal reports are available on the treatment of SLE with IVIG. Nevertheless, studies thus far suggest that IVIG may be useful in selected SLE patients with cytopenias and cutaneous vasculitis and may have a steroid-sparing effect in patients with SLE and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. In SLE patients with renal disease, it should be used cautiously because some patients have worsening of their renal function with IVIG infusions. These preliminary experiences suggest that multicenter controlled trials on the therapeutic use of IVIG in SLE and other connective tissue disorders would be important.
Basics of Frost and Freeze Protection for Horticultural Crops (1998)

Basic meteorology as it applies to frost-freeze events and a discussion of the methods of frost protection are included in this article. The presentation of basic meteorology includes descriptions of heat transfer, energy exchange, inversion, frost, freeze, microclimate, air versus crop temperature, and forecasts and warnings in the context of how each of these in involved in frost-freeze events. The second part of the paper describes the major methods of frost protection for commercial crops. The methods included are site selection, irrigation (overhead, undercanopy, man-made fog, flooding), wind machines, heaters, covers, and sprayable materials.
Heterogeneity of endothelial dysfunction in hypertension (1992)

The endothelium may play a role as a target and mediator of hypertension. Due to its anatomical position, it is very exposed to mechanical forces; as a source of vasoactive material it may participate in increasing peripheral vascular resistance and in promoting local ischaemia in the heart and brain. Morphological and functional changes in the endothelium occur in experimental and human hypertension. However, the severity of the defect and the mechanisms involved among vascular beds and models of hypertension are heterogeneous. Endothelium-dependent relaxations are impaired in the aorta, carotid artery and in cerebral and mesenteric arterioles in hypertension. In the coronary circulation the defect is less pronounced. The mechanisms involve a reduced formation of nitric oxide, an enhanced production of prostaglandin H2 and an impaired responsiveness of vascular smooth muscle to nitric oxide. The role of endothelin in hypertension is controversial; circulating levels appear unaltered except in the presence of renal failure or atherosclerosis. The local vascular production of endothelin, however, may still be increased. The potentiating effects of threshold concentrations of endothelin on the vasoconstrictor response to noradrenaline are enhanced in hypertension. Thus, subtle and distinct endothelial function defects occur in hypertension, but not all vascular beds are similarly affected and different mechanisms contribute. Endothelial dysfunction may contribute to increased peripheral resistance, tissue ischaemia and cardiovascular complications.
Putative Negative Regulation of Novel MarB along with MarA upon the Function of AcrAB/TolC Efflux Pump of Escherichia coli K-12 (1999)

This study was focused on the evaluation of MarB alongside with MarA for its regulatory effects upon the efflux function of AcrAB pump, which were induced or not, perhaps as a target. Transductions of marR and/or acrAB mutation which were derived from Mar and/or AcrAB mutants of wild type E. coli K-12, respectively, into the multicopy plasmid in wild type E. coli backgrounds or into the chromosome of isogenic parents were done. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of transduced mutants was compared with their original mutants. This study reports the indirect evidences that suggests a model in which MarB along with MarA have a putative negative regulatory effect upon the efflux function of AcrAB/TolC pump while MarA alone have a positive regulatory effect to the expression of acrRAB operon at transcription level. The target of MarB with MarA for its putative negative regulator might be the AcrAB efflux pump. Another efflux system (s) might be negatively regulated by MarB with MarA, and be involved in the efflux of antibiotics which were otherwise extruded preferentially by AcrAB efflux pump.
Tables of Element Values for the Distributed Low-Pass Prototype Filter (1965)

An exact general synthesis for the distributed stepped-impedance low-pass prototype filter is presented here. Tables of values of the step impedances of filters having Chebyshev equal-ripple characteristics are given for up to 21 elements over a wide range of bandwidths and ripple levels. The tables are usefuf for the design of short-line low-pass filters, direct-coupled cavity filters, stepped-impedance acoustic or optical filters, impedance transformers, and branched guide directional couplers, as described in the papers of L. Young.
The Color Calibration across Multi-Projector Display (2011)

Large plane displays are often achieved by combining tiled imaging elements, which give the appearance of a single, seamless display. However, this is difficult to realize in practical use, since differences in color will make the tiles dis-tinct even if the geometric calibration is perfect. The paper presents an approach of color calibration using cubic B- spline. According to the theory of cubic B-spline, we construct the color transfer function of each projector. This ap-proach reduces the color and photometric non-uniformities to achieve seamless tiled multi-projector display well. Finally, we propose the difference between blending region and overlapping region which can help to achieve a better effect of alpha blending.
Maternal serum triple analyte screening in pregnancy. (2002)

According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, it has become standard in prenatal care to offer screening tests for neural tube defects and genetic abnormalities. There have been some changes in the recommended method of prenatal screening over the past few years, and research to improve detection rates with better combinations of maternal serum analytes is ongoing. The issues facing physicians are the sensitivity and specificity of multiple serum analyte combinations. The current maternal serum analytes in use in most areas are alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and unconjugated estriol. Measurement of AFP alone can detect the vast majority of neural tube defects and a small portion of trisomy 21-affected pregnancies in patients of all ages. Adding hCG and unconjugated estriol to this screen increases the rate of detection of trisomies 21 and 18. Counseling patients about the risks and benefits of such screening is important to provide a balanced discussion of screening issues.
Theoretical foundation of the BCU method for direct stability analysis of network-reduction power system. Models with small transfer conductances (1995)

The controlling unstable equilibrium point (UEP) method is considered to be the most viable for direct stability analysis of practical power systems. The success of the controlling UEP method, however, hinges upon its ability to find the (correct) controlling UEP. Recently, a systematic method, called the boundary of stability region based controlling unstable equilibrium point method (BCU method), to find the controlling UEP was developed. The BCU method has been evaluated in a large-scale power system and it compared favorably with other methods in terms of its reliability and the required computational efforts. In this paper, a theoretical foundation of the BCU method for the network-reduction classical machine stability model is developed. Sufficient conditions for the BCU method to find the correct controlling UEP relative to a given fault are derived.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Laser ablation of organic polymers: Microscopic models for photochemical and thermal processes (1985)

Irradiation of organic polymers by short pulses of far-UV (e.g., 193 nm) laser light causes ablative photodecomposition (APD) of the material. This etching process occurs cleanly leaving behind a well-defined pit. Longer wavelength (e.g., 532 nm) laser light also ablates material from a polymeric solid. However, this process is distinct from APD in that the sample near the pit is distorted and melted. Microscopic models are presented here for both the photochemical and thermal processes. The photochemical model predicts that well-defined pits will be formed, that narrow angular distributions of the ablated material should be observed, and that the average perpendicular ejection velocity will be 1000–2000 m/s. The thermal model predicts melting or distortion of the solid and a broad angular distribution of the ejected material.
First-principles study of structural, elastic, electronic, lattice dynamic and optical properties of<i>X</i>N (<i>X</i>=Ga, Al and B) compounds under pressure (2011)

We have applied the pseudo-potential plane wave method to study the structural, elastic, electronic, lattice dynamic and optical properties of GaN and AlN in the wurtzite lattice and BN with zinc-blende structure. We have found that all elastic constants depend strongly on hydrostatic pressure, except for C44 in wurtzite AlN and GaN that shows a weaker dependence. AlN and GaN present a direct band gap Γ–Γ, whereas BN has an indirect band gap Γ–X. The indirect Γ–K band gap in AlN occurs at about 35 GPa. The top of the valence bands reflects the p electronic character for all structures. There is a gap between optical and acoustic modes only for wurtzite phases AlN and GaN. All peaks in the imaginary part of the dielectric function for the wurtzite lattice GaN and AlN move towards lower energies, while those in the zinc-blende BN structure shift towards higher energies with increasing pressure. The decrease of the static dielectric constant and static refractive index in zinc-blende BN is weaker and it can be explained by its higher elastic constants.
Bovine colostrum is a health food supplement which prevents NSAID induced gut damage (1999)

Bovine colostrum could provide a novel, inexpensive approach for the prevention and treatment of the injurious effects of NSAIDs on the gut and may also be of value for the treatment of other ulcerative conditions of the bowel.
ROP is still dangerous: breaking modern defenses (2014)

Return Oriented Programming (ROP) has become the exploitation technique of choice for modern memory-safety vulnerability attacks. Recently, there have been multiple attempts at defenses to prevent ROP attacks. In this paper, we introduce three new attack methods that break many existing ROP defenses. Then we show how to break kBouncer and ROPecker, two recent low-overhead defenses that can be applied to legacy software on existing hardware. We examine several recent ROP attacks seen in the wild and demonstrate that our techniques successfully cloak them so they are not detected by these defenses. Our attacks apply to many CFI-based defenses which we argue are weaker than previously thought. Future defenses will need to take our attacks into account. 1
Fabrication and characterisation of polymer optical fibers for smart sensing and optical amplification (2006)

The thesis presented the fabrication and characterisation of\npolymer optical fibers in their applications as optical amplifier and smart sensors.Optical polymers such as PMMA are found to be a very good host material due\nto their ability to incorporate very high concentration of optical gain media like\nfluorescent dyes and rare earth compounds. High power and high gain optical\namplification in organic dye-doped polymer optical fibers is possible due to\nextremely large emission cross sections of oyes. Dye doped (Rhodamine 6G)\noptical fibers were fabricated by using indigenously developed polymer optical\nfiber drawing tower. Loss characterization of drawn dye doped fibers was carried\nout using side illumination technique. The advantage of the above technique is\nthat it is a nondestructive method and can also be used for studying the\nuniformity in fiber diameter and doping. Sensitivity of the undoped polymer\nfibers to temperature and microbending were also studied in its application in\nsmart sensors.Optical amplification studies using the dye doped polymer optical fibers were\ncarried out and found that an amplification of l8dB could be achieved using a\nvery short fiber of length lOcm. Studies were carried out in fibers with different\ndye concentrations and diameter and it was observed that gain stability was\nachieved at relatively high dye concentrations irrespective of the fiber diameter.Due to their large diameter, large numerical aperture, flexibility and geometrical\nversatility of polymer optical fibers it has a wide range of applications in the field\nof optical sensing. Just as in the case of conventional silica based fiber optic\nsensors, sensing techniques like evanescent wave, grating and other intensity\nmodulation schemes can also be efficiently utilized in the case of POF based\nsensors. Since polymer optical fibers have very low Young's modulus when\ncompared to glass fibers, it can be utilized for sensing mechanical stress and\nstrain efficiently in comparison with its counterpart. Fiber optic sensors have\nproved themselves as efficient and reliable devices to sense various parameters\nlike aging, crack formation, weathering in civil structures. A similar type of study\nwas carried out to find the setting characteristics of cement paste used for\nconstructing civil structures. It was found that the measurements made by using\nfiber optic sensors are far more superior than that carried out by conventional\nmethods. More over,POF based sensors were found to have more sensitivity as\nwell.