gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A background noise reduction technique based on sinusoidal speech coding systems (2002)

This paper describes a new technique to reduce background noise in speech signals in conjunction with a sinusoidal based vocoder in order to improve the quality and intelligibility of processed speech. In a mobile communications environment, speech signals are degraded by additive random noise. Randomness of the noise, which is often described in terms of its first and second order statistics, makes it difficult to remove without introducing background artifacts. This is particularly true for lower signal to background noise ratios. The technique described in this paper deals with the noise reduction of the vocoded speech signals without any knowledge of the signal to background noise ratio. In general, low bit rate speech coding systems do not have their own mechanism to reduce the background noise from the speech signal. This is due to the complexity of the speech signal and limitations in the scope of many speech coding systems. As a consequence, most speech enhancement systems to date have attempted to process the speech waveform directly and independently from the speech coding system, before the encoding of speech signals. In this paper, we propose a new noise reduction technique which is based upon the harmonic excitation linear predictive coding (HE-LPC) and can be applied to and integrated with any sinusoidal based speech coding algorithm.
Influenza vaccine supply, 2005–2006: did we come up short? (2007)

Most of the providers surveyed received only part of their orders by the middle of December. Disruptions in receipt of influenza vaccine during the fall of 2005 were due primarily to shortfalls in vaccine from Chiron and also due to delays and partial shipments from other distributors.
Design and Performance Characteristics of a Positron Emission Computed Axial Tomograph--ECAT®-II (1979)

The design and performance characteristics of ECAT-II, a second generation whole-body positron imaging system, providing high contrast, high resolution, quantitative images in two-dimensional and tomographic formats is presented. Discussed are: (i) a description of ECAT-II; (ii) the design criteria and implementation for maximizing image quality by minimizing effects such as random coincidence and scattered radiation, and by additionally performing dynamic background correction; and (iii) phantom studies to illustrate the implemented system resolution, efficiency, linearity, and field uniformity.
Visualizing ultrasonically induced shear wave propagation using phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography for dynamic elastography (2014)

We report on the use of phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PhS-OCT) to detect and track temporal and spatial shear wave propagation within tissue, induced by ultrasound radiation force. Kilohertz-range shear waves are remotely generated in samples using focused ultrasound emission and their propagation is tracked using PhS-OCT. Cross-sectional maps of the local shear modulus are reconstructed from local estimates of shear wave speed in tissue-mimicking phantoms. We demonstrate the feasibility of combining ultrasound radiation force and PhS-OCT to perform high-resolution mapping of the shear modulus.
PADS: Passive detection of moving targets with dynamic speed using PHY layer information (2014)

Device-free passive detection is an emerging technology to detect whether there exists any moving entities in the area of interests without attaching any device to them. It is an essential primitive for a broad range of applications including intrusion detection for safety precautions, patient monitoring in hospitals, child and elder care at home, etc. Despite of the prevalent signal feature Received Signal Strength (RSS), most robust and reliable solutions resort to finer-grained channel descriptor at physical layer, e.g., the Channel State Information (CSI) in the 802.11n standard. Among a large body of emerging techniques, however, few of them have explored full potentials of CSI for human detection. Moreover, space diversity supported by nowadays popular multi-antenna systems are not investigated to the comparable extent as frequency diversity. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme for device-free PAssive Detection of moving humans with dynamic Speed (PADS). Both amplitude and phase information of CSI are extracted and shaped into sensitive metrics for target detection; and CSI across multi-antennas in MIMO systems are further exploited to improve the detection accuracy and robustness. We prototype PADS on commercial WiFi devices and experiment results in different scenarios demonstrate that PADS achieves great performance improvement in spite of dynamic human movements.
The Utilization of Glucose by <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1975)

Conference Article| December 01 1975 The Utilization of Glucose by Escherichia coli H. L. KORNBERG H. L. KORNBERG * 1Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1975) 3 (6): 835–837. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0030835 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation H. L. KORNBERG; The Utilization of Glucose by Escherichia coli. Biochem Soc Trans 1 December 1975; 3 (6): 835–837. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0030835 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1975 Biochemical Society1975 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
An Indoor Navigation System for the Visually Impaired (2012)

Navigation in indoor environments is highly challenging for the severely visually impaired, particularly in spaces visited for the first time. Several solutions have been proposed to deal with this challenge. Although some of them have shown to be useful in real scenarios, they involve an important deployment effort or use artifacts that are not natural for blind users. This paper presents an indoor navigation system that was designed taking into consideration usability as the quality requirement to be maximized. This solution enables one to identify the position of a person and calculates the velocity and direction of his movements. Using this information, the system determines the user's trajectory, locates possible obstacles in that route, and offers navigation information to the user. The solution has been evaluated using two experimental scenarios. Although the results are still not enough to provide strong conclusions, they indicate that the system is suitable to guide visually impaired people through an unknown built environment.
Extreme Sleepiness: Quantification of EOG and Spectral EEG Parameters (1988)

Our earlier research has shown considerable increases of and intercorrelations between subjective sleepiness, alpha, theta, and delta power density of the EEG as well as slow rolling eye movements (SEM) during night-time, monotonous work tasks. The purpose of the present methodological study was to establish EEG-EOG criteria for extreme behavioral sleepiness. Medilog tape-recorders were used to record EEG and EOG on 5 males and 5 females during a 45 min visual vigilance test. Performance on the test was also recorded on the tape as well as experimenter-scored dozing off episodes (from TV supervision). The EEG was subjected to computerized spectral analysis in 7.5 s epochs, and the EOG was scored visually for slow eye movements in the same epochs. The epochs immediately preceding a hit, miss and dozing off differed significantly. There was most power density in the alpha, theta and delta bands and most SEM activity before dozing off episodes and least before hits. The power density and the SEM activity were significantly increased one whole minute before dozing off events and missed signals compared to hits. Just prior to the ultimate sleepiness, i.e., the dozing off, the SEM activity and the delta and theta power density were further increased, while alpha power density was at its maximum during the last three epochs before the dozing off. The response patterns of all subjects were rather homogeneous. In conclusion, behavioral sleepiness is systematically reflected in spectral EEG and EOG parameters and the results support attempts to use these variables to indicate sleepiness in active subjects in real life situations.
A Novel Medical Freehand Sketch 3D Model Retrieval Method by Dimensionality Reduction and Feature Vector Transformation (2016)

To assist physicians to quickly find the required 3D model from the mass medical model, we propose a novel retrieval method, called DRFVT, which combines the characteristics of dimensionality reduction (DR) and feature vector transformation (FVT) method. The DR method reduces the dimensionality of feature vector; only the top M low frequency Discrete Fourier Transform coefficients are retained. The FVT method does the transformation of the original feature vector and generates a new feature vector to solve the problem of noise sensitivity. The experiment results demonstrate that the DRFVT method achieves more effective and efficient retrieval results than other proposed methods.
BIOMASS ESTIMATION AND MAPPING OF CAN GIO MANGROVE BIOSPHERE RESERVE IN SOUTH OF VIET NAM USING ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 DATA (2019)

In this study, we used radar data from the ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 satellite to build biomass estimation models and then create a biomass map in Can Gio Mangrove Biosphere Reserve. We used the single variable regression and multivariate regression method, in which 30 sample plots for training model and 15 sample plots for validation model, the coefficient of determination (R 2 ) and root mean square error (RMSE) were used as metrics for evaluating the biomass estimates. The regression analyses showed that the HV polarization was highly related to the biomass, linear model (R 2 = 0.74; RMSE = 28.16), exponential model (R 2 = 0.69; RMSE = 28.73), and polynomial model (R 2 = 0.76; RMSE = 28.03). However, the HH polarization did not show a high relationship with the above-ground biomass, linear model (R 2 = 0.42), exponential model (R 2 = 0.46), or polynomial model (R 2 = 0.42). We also tried multiple linear regression between the parameters extracted from radar image (HH, HV, and textures) and field biomass. The coefficient of determination (R 2 ) between the biomass and two independent variables (HH and HV) was 0.79, and RMSE was 29.78. However, the model with the combination of HV variable and eight texture variables provided a better result (R 2 = 0.81; RMSE = 27.76), in other word the model could explain 81% variation of forest biomass. This model was used to produce the aboveground biomass map in Can Gio Biosphere Reserve in South of Vietnam.
Selective ablation of tumor‐associated macrophages suppresses metastasis and angiogenesis (2013)

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) play a critical role in promoting tumor development and metastasis. In the present study, we found that legumain, an asparaginyl endopeptidase, was highly expressed on the surface of TAM. A doxorubicin-based prodrug specifically activated by legumain selectively ablated TAM and resulted in a significant reduction of angiogenic factors and related tumor vessel growth. Treatment with the prodrug also suppressed circulating tumor cells and myeloid immune suppressor Gr-1+/CD11b+ cells in tumor-bearing animals. After selective ablation of TAM using the prodrug, tumor growth and metastases were greatly inhibited in murine tumor models. These results indicate that legumain-activated prodrugs targeting TAM in tumors might represent a novel anticancer strategy.
Low-temperature epitaxy of phosphorus doped Si and Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ films by RTP/VLP-CVD (2002)

In situ phosphorus doped Si and Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ epitaxial layers have been grown at 600/spl deg/C in a very low pressure chemical vapor deposition system using SiH/sub 4/ and 1800 ppm PH/sub 3/ diluted in H/sub 2/. The epitaxial growth rates were found to decrease with phosphorus doping and input of the diluent H/sub 2/. The constant phosphorus concentration with depth for a steady flow of PH/sub 3/ was achieved. Dopant concentration is a function of gas phase dopant concentration. Chemical concentrations as high as 2.5/spl times/10/sup 20/ P/cm/sup 3/ were obtained in Si epitaxial layers. The doping level can be modulated between 1.2/spl times/10/sup 20/ and 1.5/spl times/10/sup 17/ P/cm/sup 3/. There is no evidence of a time-dependent accumulation of phosphorus on the growth surface or the reactor wall.
Fluorescent in situ hybridization analyses of human oocytes in trisomy 18 and 21 (1994)

The commonly accepted view of synapsis is that only 2 homologues can synapse at any one site and that this restriction applies to polyploids as well. However, triple synapsis has been observed is some triploid plants and in triploid chicken. In humans, triple synapsis of the long arm of chromosome 21 was detected in sperm of a trisomic 21 individual. More recently, studies of oocytes from trisomic 21 and 18 fetuses also indicated extensive triple synapsis along the entire length of the chromosomes. To further investigate this question, we undertook an evaluation of trivalent synapsis in fetal oocytes from 2 trisomic 21 and 2 trisomic 18 fetuses using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with whole chromosome probes. Oocytes were hybridized with whole chromosome probes obtained from ONCOR, Inc. after fixation with methanol and acetic acid. Slides were scored for the distribution of prophase stages, hybridization efficiency, and hybridization characteristics of chromosomes 18 and 21 in the trisomic 18 and 21 fetuses respectively. Fifty-eight per cent (379/650) of pachytenes analyzed for chromosome 18 contained a conspicous trivalent and 319 (48%) of these nuclei contained a single, thick, continuous fluorescent signal consistent with complete triple synapsis along the entire length of allmore » 3 chromosomes. Sixteen per cent (104/650) of pachytene contained 2 signals consistent with a bivalent and a univalent, and 9 cells contained 3 thin signals consistent with asynapsis of all 3 chromosomes. The remaining 158 pachytenes had unusual pairing configurations that we could not classify, but they most likely represent trivalents with partial pairing between different homologues. In the 2 trisomic 21 fetuses, the majority (143/232) of pachytenes also contained one signal while only 52 cells contained a bivalent and univalent. Five cells contained 3 separate signals. These results confirm the existence of triple synapsis in human meiosis.« less
Purification and complete sequence determination of the major plasma membrane substrate for cAMP-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C in myocardium (1991)

A protein of apparent Mr = 15,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is the major plasma membrane substrate for cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PK-A) and protein kinase C (PK-C) in several different tissues. In the work described here, we purified, cloned, and sequenced the canine cardiac sarcolemmal "15-kDa protein." The amino terminus of the purified protein was not blocked, allowing determination of 50 consecutive residues by standard Edman degradation. Overlapping proteolytic phosphopeptides yielded 22 additional residues at the carboxyl terminus. Dideoxy sequencing of the full-length cDNA confirmed that the 15-kDa protein contains 72 amino acids, plus a 20-residue signal sequence. The mature protein has a calculated Mr = 8409. There is one hydrophobic membrane-spanning segment composed of residues 18-37. The acidic amino-terminal end (residues 1-17) of the protein is oriented extracellularly, whereas the basic carboxyl-terminal end (residues 38-72) projects into the cytoplasm. The positively charged carboxyl terminus contains the phosphorylation sites for PK-A and PK-C. In the transmembrane region, the 15-kDa protein exhibits 52% amino acid identity with the "gamma" subunit of Na,K-ATPase. High stringency Northern blot analysis revealed that 15-kDa mRNA is present in heart, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and liver but absent from brain and kidney. We propose the name "phospholemman" for the 15-kDa protein, which denotes the protein's location within the plasma membrane and its characteristic multisite phosphorylation.
Using Diffusion and Electrical Measurements to Assess Tortuosity of Porous Media (2001)

This study puts under scrutiny the unique relationship between molecular diffusion and electrical conductivity data for Berea, Okesa, Tallant, and Elgin sandstones ranging in permeability from 83 to 2502 md. The experimental setups used for generating the investigated data featured the use of a four-electrode circuit that canceled the effects of contact electrode polarization and a diffusion flow system that allowed on-line calibration and established a stable baseline. The effective molecular diffusion coefficients (De) for these porous media were estimated by matching simulated concentration profiles with measured ones. Tortuosity values were calculated by using molecular diffusivity models and their analogous electrical conductivity models. Tortuosity values calculated from diffusion measurements (using the Brakel and Heertjes model; Int. J. Heat Transfer 1974, 17, 1093) matched reasonably well with those values estimated using Pirson's electrical model (Geologic Well Log Analysis; Gulf Publishing: Houston, TX, 1983). These results indicate the superiority of the latter model over a large number of formation-factor-based models for estimating rock tortuosity. This study helped in the selection of adequate tortuosity models for characterizing sandstone rocks and verified the similarity between electrical conductivity and molecular diffusivity in sandstone rocks.
A Novel Approach to Manage A Hybrid Storage System (2012)

This paper considers the problem of how to improve the performance of hybrid storage system employing solid state disks and hard disk drives. We utilize both initial block allocation as well as migration to reach “Wardrop equilibrium”, in which the response times of different devices equalize. We show that such a policy allows adaptive load balancing across devices of different performance. We also show that such a policy exploits parallelism in the storage system effectively to improve throughput and latency simultaneously. We implemented a prototype in Linux and evaluated it in multiple workloads and multiple configurations. The results show that the proposed approach improved both the latency of requests and the throughput significantly, and it adapted to different configurations of the system under different workloads.
[Synergistic cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy in colon tumor cells by simultaneous inhibition of de novo and salvage energy metabolism pathways]. (1994)

The success of chemotherapy of colon tumours is currently limited. We have therefore used the human colon tumour cell line HT-29 to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of various drug combinations. Trimidox (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamidoxime), a recently patented inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase was combined with cytosinearabinoside (Ara-C) or 2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine (DFDC) in order to inhibit both pyrimidine de novo and salvage pathways. Synergistic cytotoxic effects were observed. When HT-29 cells were sequentially treated with trimidox (20 microM for 24 h) and Ara-C (2 microM for 2 h), colony numbers decreased to 71% of the value calculated for additive cytotoxicity. When cells were simultaneously treated with trimidox (10 microM and 15 microM) and DFDC (0.2 nM), synergistic inhibition of colony formation was likewise noted (colony numbers decreased to values as low as 73% or 71% of the values calculated for additive cytotoxicity). On the other hand, we combined tiazofurin, an inhibitor of the guanylate de novo pathway, with allopurinol, which inhibits the guanylate salvage pathway by increasing intracellular hypoxanthine concentrations, leading to inhibition of the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT). Synergistic cytotoxic effects were observed under these conditions too. When cells were treated with 10 microM tiazofurin and 400 microM or 800 microM allopurinol the number of colonies decreased to 69% and 27%, respectively, of the values calculated for additive effects. Our data suggest these drug combinations to be promising options in the treatment of human colon cancer.
Exponential curvature-compensated BiCMOS bandgap references (1994)

An exponential curvature compensation technique for bandgap references (BGR's) which exploits the temperature characteristics of the current gain /spl beta/ of a bipolar transistor is described. This technique requires no additional circuits for the curvature compensation; only a size adjustment of a bias transistor in a conventional first-order compensated BGR is required. Positive and negative versions of the exponential curvature-compensated BGR have been fabricated using a 1.5 /spl mu/m BiCMOS process. Average temperature coefficients (TC's) of the negative BGR are measured as 2.4 and 6.7 ppm//spl deg/C, and those of the positive BGR are measured as 3.5 and 8.9 ppm//spl deg/C over the commercial (0/spl sim/70/spl deg/C) and military (-55/spl sim/125/spl deg/C) temperature ranges, respectively. These circuits dissipate 0.37 mW with a single 5 V supply, and occupy 270/spl times/150 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ and 290/spl times/150 /spl mu/m/sup 2/, respectively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Estrogen effects on cognition in menopausal women (1997)

There is now considerable evidence from basic neuroscience that estrogen influences aspects of brain chemistry and brain morphology known to be important for memory functions. Prospective, controlled studies of surgically and naturally menopausal women demonstrated that exogenous estrogen enhanced short- and long-term memory and the capacity for learning new associations, whereas visual memory was unaffected. Healthy, 65 year-old women who took estrogen also performed significantly better than estrogen-nonusers who were matched for age, socioeconomic status, and years of formal education. Finally, in 32-year-old women with uterine myomas, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) resulted both in ovarian suppression and in a decrease in verbal memory which was reversed by addition of estrogen to the GnRH-a treatment. Taken together, these findings suggest that estrogen helps to maintain verbal memory and enhances the capacity for new learning in women, whereas other cognitive functions such as verbal memory are seemingly unaffected by this steroid hormone.
Learning within incoherent structures: the space of online discussion forums (2002)

Abstract Online discussion forums are an increasingly common use of new information and communication technologies in education. As a tool for promoting conversational modes of learning, it has been suggested that online discussion forums can lead to enhanced learning outcomes for students. However, there is a need to explore further the implications of the highly mediated nature of computer–based interaction on student learning within these virtual learning environments. This paper presents results from a detailed study of students' learning outcomes and patterns of interaction within an online discussion forum. The findings suggest that the typical nonlinear branching structure of online discussion may be insufficient for the realisation of truly conversational modes of learning. The paper discusses the implications of these findings in relation to students' learning.