gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Angiogenic activity of human tumor plasma membrane components (1985)

Plasma membranes from the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29 have been isolated and examined for the presence of angiogenic activity. Membrane-associated macromolecules extracted with Triton X-100 were fractionated on immobilized wheat germ agglutinin. The fraction which bound specifically (about 200 ng of protein/mL packed cells) was highly angiogenic when assayed on the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane. As little as 0.2 ng of this human tumor derived material consistently induced neovascularization. Similarly, 1-2 ng of this material implanted into the rabbit cornea induced new vessel growth (5-8 mm) within 10 days. The plasma membranes of eight other human tumor lines were examined for angiogenic activity. For each, the wheat germ agglutinin bound material induced neovascularization at the low nanogram level. In contrast, the wheat germ agglutinin bound material derived from purified plasma membranes of two normal human diploid fibroblast cell lines failed to induce an angiogenic response on the chick chorioallantoic membrane, even at microgram levels.
The Effect of Carbon Black Aggregation on Lithium Ion Cathode Performance (2017)

Current processing standards for battery electrode slurries are determined through time-, labor-, and capital-intensive trial and error. The effect of these processing conditions on battery performance is acknowledged, but not fully understood. The field of rheology, specifically the study of colloidal suspensions, holds a wealth of knowledge about the particle-particle interactions that develop in fluids very similar to battery electrode slurries. Our work uses rheology to measure and understand changes in the viscoelastic properties of battery slurries as a function of mixing parameters, and then utilizes these changes as indicators of the final battery performance and structure. We are, more specifically, interested in the dry mixing of conductive additive and active material, due to its documented ability to change the battery slurry’s viscoelastic behavior, e.g. the potential to change the slurry from a colloidal gel to viscoelastic fluid [1,2]. Slurry microstructure is argued to have a large impact on battery performance due to the persisting structure (particle dispersion) during the subsequent processing steps. Dry-mixing is thought to impact battery performance by depositing conductive additive on the surface of the micron-sized active material, increasing overall electronic conductivity of the electrode. The goal of this work is to decouple whether increased electronic conductivity, the initial electrode microstructure (particle dispersion), or a synergism of the two is responsible for increases in battery performance. By keeping the total concentration of carbon constant, we generate electrode slurries with different degrees of free carbon, i.e. carbon that can form a volume spanning colloidal network (colloidal gel). The different degrees of microstructure and carbon deposited on the active material will determine if there exists an optimum in battery performance. Our initial work investigates the extremes of dry-mixing. This has allowed us to investigate systems where all of the available carbon is free to aggregate and form a gel network (long-range electron pathways) and all of the available carbon has been deposited onto the active material (short-range electron pathways). This has allowed us to effectively decouple the individual impacts of short-range and long-range electron pathways on battery performance. Rate capability tests of batteries made from each system show that long-range electron pathways have a greater beneficial impact than short-range pathways. These initial findings in terms of short- and long-range electron pathways run contrary to current literature findings [1,2], which have indicated that improvement of short-range electron pathways is needed for improved performance. Our future work will investigate methods to optimize these short-range contacts while maintaining the beneficial long-range contacts that we have observed. [1]W. Bauer, D. Noetzel, Ceram. Int. 40 (2014) 4591. [2]G.-W. Lee, J.H. Ryu, W. Han, K.H. Ahn, S.M. Journal of Power Sources 195 (2010) 6049–6054.
Control of Thermoresponsive Behavior of Poly (urethane-amine)s Prepared by Copolymerization of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Aziridines (2005)

Reactions of aziridines and carbon dioxide (CO2) proceed under supercritical conditions to give random copolymers containing urethane and amine moieties. The formation of branched structures at high temperature was clearly revealed by 1H NMR spectra of the products from 2, 2-dimethylaziridine. The copolymers obtained from 2-methylaziridine display quick responses to changes in temperature in their aqueous solutions. An increase in the CO2 pressure causes a significant decrease in the LCST of the polymers, possibly due to an increase in their urethane contents. Substitution of the amine moieties with a loss of protons to form the branched polymer results in lowering of the hydrophilicity of the copolymer and drops in the LCST. The use of supercritical CO2 provides a synthetic advantage in the effective chemical fixation of CO2 and a novel method for synthesis of functional materials.
Hsp110 Chaperones Regulate Prion Formation and Propagation in S. cerevisiae by Two Discrete Activities (2008)

The cytosolic chaperone network of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is intimately associated with the emergence and maintenance of prion traits. Recently, the Hsp110 protein, Sse1, has been identified as a nucleotide exchange factor (NEF) for both cytosolic Hsp70 chaperone family members, Ssa1 and Ssb1. We have investigated the role of Sse1 in the de novo formation and propagation of [PSI(+)], the prion form of the translation termination factor, Sup35. As observed by others, we find that Sse1 is essential for efficient prion propagation. Our results suggest that the NEF activity is required for maintaining sufficient levels of substrate-free Ssa1. However, Sse1 exhibits an additional NEF-independent activity; it stimulates in vitro nucleation of Sup35NM, the prion domain of Sup35. We also observe that high levels of Sse1, but not of an unrelated NEF, very potently inhibit Hsp104-mediated curing of [PSI(+)]. Taken together, these results suggest a chaperone-like activity of Sse1 that assists in stabilization of early folding intermediates of the Sup35 prion conformation. This activity is not essential for prion formation under conditions of Sup35 overproduction, however, it may be relevant for spontaneous [PSI(+)] formation as well as for protection of the prion trait upon physiological Hsp104 induction.
Classification et détection de signaux à l'aide de la transformée en ondelettes (1998)

International audience
Ni, Pt, and Ti stanogermanide formation on Ge<sub>0.92</sub>Sn<sub>0.08</sub> (2019)

The aim of this work is to provide a systematic and comparative study on the material characteristics and electrical contact performance for a germanium-tin (GeSn) alloy with a high percentage of Sn (8%). Thin metal films (10 nm) of Nickel (Ni), Titanium (Ti), or Platinum (Pt) were deposited on Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.92</sub> Sn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.08</sub> layers and subsequently annealed at different temperatures ranging from 300°C up to 500°C. Various experimental techniques were employed to characterize the metal morphology and the electrical contact behavior, with the intention of identifying the most promising metal candidate, in terms of low sheet resistance and low surface roughness, considering a low formation temperature. The investigations carried out show that for nano-electronic contact applications, nickel-stanogermanide (NiGeSn) turns out to be the most promising candidate among the three different metals analyzed. NiGeSn presents low sheet resistance combined with low formation temperatures, below 400°C; PtGeSn shows better thermal stability when compared to the other two options while, Ti was found to be unreactive below 500°C, resulting in incomplete TiGeSn formation.
Active noise control system for headphone applications (2006)

This paper presents the design and implementation of an adaptive feedback active noise control (ANC) system for headphone applications. The ideal position of the error microphone in the ear-cup was studied and determined experimentally, and music signals were used for adaptive system identification of the secondary path. The designed ANC headphone was implemented using the TMS320C32 digital signal processor for real-time experiments. Performance has been evaluated and compared with a high-end commercial ANC headphone using the same set of primary noises including real-world engine noises. Experiment results show the proposed ANC headphone achieves higher noise cancellation, especially for low-frequency harmonics.
Emerging wireless applications in aerospace: Benefits, challenges, and existing methods (2011)

Wireless communication is being considered to replace various wired connections in the aerospace industry as it promises a multitude of advantages such as low weight, robustness, ease of system maintenance, modularity, expandability, and low cost Despite popular belief, wireless links can be very secure and reliable too. Wireless applications in aerospace vary from in-flight-entertainment (IFE) that requires huge multiuser, multimedia grade bandwidth to wireless sensing, command, control, and prognostics health monitoring (PHM) applications that require high reliability but low bandwidth. In addition, non interference with aircraft electronics, anti-jamming property, high level of security and a dedicated reserved frequency band are among critical requirements needed for emerging wireless applications in aerospace. Therefore, existing commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) wireless solutions are not suitable for direct use in the aerospace industry, and specialized solutions need to be developed. The objective of this paper is to provide a review of existing wireless connectivity methods for various applications, their diverse requirements and shortcomings, and report ongoing research efforts.
Effects of Zn-Bearing Flux on Joint Reliability and Microstructure of Sn-3.5Ag Soldering on Electroless Ni-Au Surface Finish (2010)

Joint reliability and microstructure for Sn-3.5Ag soldering on an electroless Ni-P/Au surface finish were investigated, using the flux bearing Zn(II) stearate. The content of the zinc compound in the flux varied from 0 mass% to 50 mass%. The results of both shock and pull strength tests for as-reflowed solder joints showed that Zn-bearing fluxes gave higher joint strength than did flux without Zn compound. Additionally, the use of flux containing 50 mass% of Zn(II) stearate provided the smallest reduction rate in pull strength in regard to aging treatment at 150°C for 1000 h. According to the microstructure of the aged joints, both an interfacial intermetallic layer and a P-rich layer of the joint obtained by the use of the flux without Zn(II) stearate became thick with prolonged aging. On the other hand, a slow growth of the interfacial reaction layer was observed for the joint with Zn(II) stearate in flux during annealing. It is presumed that the formation of the interfacial intermetallic compound with Zn at reflow works effectively in suppressing the diffusion of Ni into the solder matrix during subsequent aging, and this can maintain a relatively high joint strength for those joints with Zn(II) stearate in flux. After damp heat treatment with 85°C/85% RH up to 500 h, no sign of corrosion was observed in either joint. Moreover, there was no significant change of the microstructure, nor of the pull strength, with or without Zn(II) stearate in flux.
Transient responses of alternative vehicle configurations: A theoretical and experimental study on the effects of atypical moments of inertia (2008)

With the rise of efficient powertrain technologies, future vehicles may exhibit a large variance in mass distribution and inertial parameters. This paper asserts the importance of understanding the effects of atypical inertial properties on vehicle handling and driver experience. Atypically low moments of inertia result in changes to the driver's perception of the lateral acceleration, and the transient development of rear tire force. Both effects can be understood conceptually through an analysis of the center of rotation, and are illustrated experimentally in a comparison of data from two vehicles: a production vehicle with typical mass and inertia properties, and a by-wire electric research vehicle with significantly different properties. The information provided in this paper can be used in the future as a new design tool when considering vehicle mass properties.
A Computationally Efficient Scheme for Model Predictive Control of Nonlinear Hybrid Systems Using Generalized Outer Approximation (2009)

This paper presents an efficient optimization algorithm suitable for online solution of mixed integer nonlinear programs resulting from the model predictive control (MPC) of nonlinear hybrid systems. The system model is based on a recently proposed multiple partially linear (MPL) modeling scheme. The algorithm, based on generalized outer approximation (GOA), uses structural information of the canonical MPL framework as well as analytical expressions for the objective function and constraints of a relatively simple primal problem as well as the master problem. Specifically, the primal problem of GOA reduces to a quadratic program when MPL models are used in MPC. Computational efficiency of the algorithm over the branch and bound strategy is demonstrated using a simulated benchmark three-spherical tank system and a hydraulic process plant.
Stereoselective 4-Benzyloxybut-2-enylation of Aldehydes via an Allyl-Transfer Reaction Using a Chiral Allyl Donor (2005)

[reaction: see text] A direct and highly stereoselective (E)-4-benzyloxybut-2-enylation of aldehydes was successfully carried out to give 5-benzyloxyhomoallylic alcohol (11) via an allyl-transfer reaction using a chiral allyl donor (10). The chiral allyl donor (10) was prepared by catalytic Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation of 3-methylbut-2-en-1-ol, followed by a stereospecific vinyl Grignard reaction of the epoxide in the presence of CuBr and selective benzylation of the primary alcohol of diol.
New p-n Junction Photodetector Using Optimized ZnO Nanorod Array (2007)

In this research, nanoscale spatial resolution p-n junction photodetector arrays were developed using ZnO nanorod arrays grown on p-type silicon substrates. In order to optimize the nanorod array quality, an advanced combinatorial spreadsheet approach was used to optimize the Au catalyst thickness. The crystallinity of these as-grown ZnO nanorods’ was compared to that of bulk and thin film ZnO materials.
NOx Removal Process by Injection of NH3 and H2O2 in Gas Turbine Exhaust Gas (1979)

For the removal of NOx in a gas turbine exhaust gas, the reduction of NOx with NH3 and H2O2 was studied. It was found that the addition of H2O2 very effectively lowers the reduction temperature of NO with NH3 and that more than 90 percent NOx reduction could be attained at 550 C in the absence of O2. However, the NOx reduction rate decreased with increases in the concentration of O2, and NOx reduction was about 40 to 60 percent under gas turbine exhaust gas condition (15 percent O2). In order to attain a high rate of reduction of NOx, a combined reduction process, which consisted of homogeneous gas phase and the catalytic heterogeneous reactions, was also developed. The efficiency of the new process was proved in a pilot plant using half a size model of a 25-MW gas turbine combustor.
THE THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF EXPLOSIVES SUBJECTED TO SIMULATED AERODYNAMIC HEATING, III (1961)

Abstract : IGNITION TIME AND HEAT FLOW WERE MEASURED FOR 6 EXPLOSIVES, TESTED IN ONE-DIMENSIONAL, UNCONFINED ANALOGUES OF CYLINDRICAL, STEEL-CASED WARHEADS. They were unidirectionally heated at rates corresponding to aerodynamic heating associated with the sea-level flight of supersonic missiles and aircraft at low Mach numbers. With heating rates up to 100 C/min the runaway reaction occurs as a rapid deflagration beginning on the explosive's surface touching the steel case. When a temperature of 455 C was applied to the outer surface of the 1-cm thick steel warhead case, the explosive ignition times were: tetryl - 135 sec; TNT - 164 sec; PBX N-1 - 180 sec; pentolite - 139 sec; H-6 - 169 sec; and Comp. - 202 sec. PBX 9404 showed a small but inconclusive increase in impact-hammer sensitivity (the 50% point changed from 26 to 31 cm) after 3 thermal cycles between 20 C and 200 C. (Author)
Elastohydrodynamic film thickness for shear-thinning lubricants (1998)

Mineral oils and synthetic lubricants that are thickened by polymers of large molecular weight are being promoted for automobiles as well as aircraft gas turbines. These multiweight lubricants are found to have a complicated Newtonian and non-Newtonian viscosity depending upon shear rate in the bearing. In general, polymer-thickened mineral oil lubricants show a first Newtonian behaviour at a low shear rate, shear-thinning non-Newtonian behaviour at a higher shear rate and a second Newtonian behaviour at a very high shear rate, with a second Newtonian viscosity approximately equal to the base oil viscosity. Because of high shear thinning in the inlet region of rolling element bearings, predicting the film thickness using the low shear rate first Newtonian viscosity can be in error, in particular examples, by a factor of ½ for mineral oil plus 4% methacrylate thickener and 1/7 for mineral oil plus 20% polybutene thickener. The case of naturally shear-thinning silicone fluids is analysed and it is shown that the elastohydrodynamic (EHD) film thickness is nearly the same for silicones with widely varying first Newtonian viscosity. A general EHD analysis for shear-thinning lubricants in pure rolling is presented and shown to agree with known special cases. A closed-form EHD equation for power law shear-thinning lubricants is derived, which gives very accurate results for a bearing where the inlet state of the rolling element falls in the region where the non-Newtonian viscosity is expected. A comparison with some published experimental results by Bair and Khonsari is presented.
Directed Evolution: Novel and Improved Enzymes (2008)

Abstract By mimicking Darwinian evolution in the test tube, directed evolution has become a powerful tool for engineering novel enzymes for basic and applied biology research and medicine. Unlike structure‐based rational design, directed evolution is capable of altering single or multiple functional properties such as activity, specificity, selectivity, stability, and solubility of naturally occurring enzymes in the absence of detailed knowledge of enzyme structure, function, or mechanism. More recently, directed evolution has also been used to engineer metabolic pathways, viruses, and whole microorganisms, and to address fundamental problems in biology. The success of directed evolution has been largely fueled by the development of numerous molecular biology techniques that enable the creation of genetic diversity through random mutagenesis or homologous or nonhomologous recombination in the target genes and the development of powerful high throughput screening or selection methods as well as by novel applications. This review will highlight the key developments in directed evolution and focus on the design and engineering of novel enzymes through directed evolution and their implications in chemical biology.
H+/base transport in the proximal straight tubule and thin descending limb of Henle. (1990)

HE MAMMALIAN proximal straight tubule (PST), also called the pars recta, begins in the cortex immediately after the proximal convoluted tubule and extends to the outer stripe-inner stripe junction of the outer medulla.i,* The cortical portion is longest in superficial nephrons (3.4 mm in an adult rabbit) and gradually decreases in length toward the inner cortex where it is shortest in the juxtamedullary nephrons. Although the cortical segment varies in length, the outer medullary segment is approximately 1 mm long in all nephrons. 3 The proximal straight tubule possesses 2 distinct cell types S, and S, cells. S, cells are localized to the mid to late proximal convoluted tubule and the cortical portion of the proximal straight tubule (S, PST), whereas S3 cells are confined to the outer medullary proximal straight tubule (S, PST). In addition to differences in their anatomical location, the two cell types differ in their ultrastructural characteristics. S, cells have a short brush border, numerous apical vacuoles, lysosomes, mitochondria, and basal interdigitations. S, cells are cuboidal, and the cytoplasm is more homogeneous with small mitochondria, small lysosomes, rare vacuoles, and infrequent interdigitations. Although these ultrastructural differences are well recognized, only recently have differences in the H+/base transport properties between S2 and S, proximal straight tubules been determined. In addition to these “intranephron” differences, comparisons are frequently made between superficial and juxtamedullary nephrons. However, it is
Molecular analysis of plasmid DNA repair within ultraviolet-irradiated Escherichia coli. II. UvrABC-initiated excision repair and photolyase-catalyzed dimer monomerization. (1988)

In this study, a novel approach to the analysis of DNA repair in Escherichia coli was employed which allowed the first direct determination of the mechanisms by which endogenous DNA repair enzymes encounter target sites in vivo. An in vivo plasmid DNA repair analysis was employed to discriminate between two possible mechanisms of target site location: a processive DNA scanning mechanism or a distributive random diffusion mechanism. The results demonstrate that photolyase acts by a distributive mechanism within E. coli. In contrast, UvrABC-initiated excision repair occurs by a limited processive DNA scanning mechanism. A majority of the dimer sites on a given plasmid molecule were repaired prior to the dissociation of the UvrABC complex. Furthermore, plasmid DNA repair catalyzed by the UvrABC complex occurs without a detectable accumulation of nicked plasmid intermediates despite the fact that the UvrABC complex generates dual incisions in the DNA at the site of a pyrimidine dimer. Therefore, the binding or assembly of the UvrABC complex on DNA at the site of a pyrimidine dimer represents the rate-limiting step in the overall process of UvrABC-initiated excision repair in vivo.
Emerging Prospects for Unusual Aromaticity in Organic Electronic Materials: The Case for Methano[10]annulene (2008)

On page 2198 of our Microreview,1 in our discussion of 1,6-methano[10]annulenes with bulky substituents, we mistakenly stated that “Vogel synthesized a tetra(trimethylsilyl) derivative”. This synthesis was reported by Neidlein, and the cited reference for this silyl-substituted annulene (ref.[59]) properly recognizes Neidlein's contribution. We apologize for this inadvertent error. The Authors
Density effect on the ionization yield in Xenon+/sup 3/He gas mixture irradiated with thermal neutrons (2006)

A rapid increase of the fluctuation of ionization yield in Xe+3%/sup 3/He gas mixture irradiated with thermal neutrons is observed at density above 0.18/spl plusmn/0.01 g/cm/sup 3/ (8.3/spl times/10/sup 20/ cm/sup -3/). The significance and possible explanation of this experimental observation is discussed.