gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Page Ranking Algorithms: A Survey (2009)

Web mining is an active research area in present scenario. Web Mining is defined as the application of data mining techniques on the World Wide Web to find hidden information. This hidden information i. e. knowledge could be contained in content of Web pages or in link structure of WWW or in Web server logs. Based upon the type of knowledge, Web mining is usually divided in three categories: Web content mining, Web structure mining and Web usage mining. An application of Web mining can be seen in the case of search engines. Most of the search engines are ranking their search results in response to users' queries to make their search navigation easier. In this paper, a survey of page ranking algorithms and comparison of some important algorithms in context of performance has been carried out.
Catalytic Activity of Co/La 2O 3 for Partial Oxidation of Methane to Syngas in Microwave Field (1998)

The temperature rising behavior of Co/La 2O 3 catalysts with different Co contents and the activity of 10%Co/La 2O 3 catalyst for CH 4 partial oxidation to syngas under microwave irradiation have been studied. The higher content of Co in Co/La 2O 3, the higher temperature can be reached under microwave irradiation. Compared with the conventional heating, the temperature of the catalytic bed is much lower and higher selectivity to CO can be obtained with microwave irradiation, which could be attributed to the “microwave hot spot” effect.
Evaluating the use of different waveforms for intravesical electrical stimulation: A study in the rat (2010)

Charge-balanced waveforms, which are more preferred by patients, are equally effective in evoking IVES-induced detrusor contraction as monophasic square pulse waveforms. Thus, it can be beneficial in clinical practice to replace the monophasic square pulse waveform for IVES by charge-balanced waveforms. Furthermore, the stimulation power and thus the requested energy can be reduced by changing the waveform. This can be important for electrical stimulation using implanted batteries.
An effective and effecient peptide binding prediction approach for a broad set of HLA-DR molecules based on ordered weighted averaging of binding pocket profiles (2013)

The proposed approach OWA-PSSM is fast and robust in identifying ligands, epitopes and binding cores for up to 879 MHC II molecules.
Efficacy of activated charcoal in reducing intestinal gas: a double-blind clinical trial. (1986)

Available data on the efficacy of activated charcoal in reducing lower intestinal gas and accompanying symptoms are conflicting. We conducted a double-blind clinical trial on two population groups in the United States (n = 30) and India (n = 69) known to differ in their dietary habits and ecology of gut flora. Using lactulose as the substrate, breath hydrogen levels were measured to quantify the amount of gas produced in the colon. In comparison to a placebo, activated charcoal significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced breath hydrogen levels in both the population groups. Symptoms of bloating and abdominal cramps attributable to gaseousness were also significantly reduced in both groups by activated charcoal.
Introduction to Electrodynamics (2017)

This well-known undergraduate electrodynamics textbook is now available in a more affordable printing from Cambridge University Press. The Fourth Edition provides a rigorous, yet clear and accessible treatment of the fundamentals of electromagnetic theory and offers a sound platform for explorations of related applications (AC circuits, antennas, transmission lines, plasmas, optics and more). Written keeping in mind the conceptual hurdles typically faced by undergraduate students, this textbook illustrates the theoretical steps with well-chosen examples and careful illustrations. It balances text and equations, allowing the physics to shine through without compromising the rigour of the math, and includes numerous problems, varying from straightforward to elaborate, so that students can be assigned some problems to build their confidence and others to stretch their minds. A Solutions Manual is available to instructors teaching from the book; access can be requested from the resources section at www.cambridge.org/electrodynamics.
On security and privacy issues of fog computing supported Internet of Things environment (2015)

Recently, the concept of Internet of Things (IoT) is attracting much attention due to the huge potential. IoT uses the Internet as a key infrastructure to interconnect numerous geographically diversified IoT nodes which usually have scare resources, and therefore cloud is used as a key back-end supporting infrastructure. In the literature, the collection of the IoT nodes and the cloud is collectively called as an IoT cloud. Unfortunately, the IoT cloud suffers from various drawbacks such as huge network latency as the volume of data which is being processed within the system increases. To alleviate this issue, the concept of fog computing is introduced, in which foglike intermediate computing buffers are located between the IoT nodes and the cloud infrastructure to locally process a significant amount of regional data. Compared to the original IoT cloud, the communication latency as well as the overhead at the backend cloud infrastructure could be significantly reduced in the fog computing supported IoT cloud, which we will refer as IoT fog. Consequently, several valuable services, which were difficult to be delivered by the traditional IoT cloud, can be effectively offered by the IoT fog. In this paper, however, we argue that the adoption of IoT fog introduces several unique security threats. We first discuss the concept of the IoT fog as well as the existing security measures, which might be useful to secure IoT fog. Then, we explore potential threats to IoT fog.
Mining discriminative co-occurrence patterns for visual recognition (2011)

The co-occurrence pattern, a combination of binary or local features, is more discriminative than individual features and has shown its advantages in object, scene, and action recognition. We discuss two types of co-occurrence patterns that are complementary to each other, the conjunction (AND) and disjunction (OR) of binary features. The necessary condition of identifying discriminative co-occurrence patterns is firstly provided. Then we propose a novel data mining method to efficiently discover the optimal co-occurrence pattern with minimum empirical error, despite the noisy training dataset. This mining procedure of AND and OR patterns is readily integrated to boosting, which improves the generalization ability over the conventional boosting decision trees and boosting decision stumps. Our versatile experiments on object, scene, and action categorization validate the advantages of the discovered discriminative co-occurrence patterns.
Modification of Smad1 Linker Modulates BMP-Mediated Osteogenesis of Adult Human MSC (2011)

We examined whether bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-mediated osteogenesis of adult human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is regulated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation of Smad1. Adenoviral constructs carrying either unmodified human Smad1 or Smad1 mutated in the linker region to preclude extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation were expressed in human and rodent cells. Unlike unmodified Smad1, expression of mutated Smad1 facilitated BMP-stimulated expression of osteoblast markers in human MSC but had no effect on either rat MSC or mouse pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Expression of mutated Smad1 in adult human MSC cultures also resulted in increased nuclear accumulation of BMP-activated Smads and elevated gene transcripts characteristic of differentiating osteoblasts. These results may partly explain the poor efficacy of BMP in some human bone therapies and indicate an important mechanism regulating BMP-mediated bone formation in adults.
Promoting angiogenesis within the tumor microenvironment: The secret life of murine lymphoid IL‐17‐producing γδ T cells (2010)

After two decades in the shadow of their alphabeta counterparts, gammadelta T cells have recently gathered significant attention following the discovery that they produce IL-17 in various mouse models of infection and autoimmune disease. In contrast, the secretion of large amounts of IFN-gamma by gammadelta T cells has long been known, and has been tightly linked to their anti-tumor function. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, a study unexpectedly reports that the lymphoid gammadelta T cells that infiltrate tumor foci induced in the mouse skin produce very little IFN-gamma, but abundant IL-17. In fact, these gammadelta T cells are the major source of IL-17 within the tumor microenvironment, where they appear to promote angiogenesis, and thus tumor growth. This Commentary discusses the relevance of these interesting findings in the context of the currently paradoxical pro- versus anti-tumor roles of IL-17 in cancer immunology.
A novel sub-50 nm poly-Si gate patterning technology (2001)

In this paper, a low-cost sub-50 nm poly-Si gate patterning technology is proposed and experimentally demonstrated The technology is optical resolution-independent, that is, it does not contain any critical photolithographic step. The masking layer for gate formation is from the pattern transfer of edge-defined spacer. Experimental results reveal that the resultant gate length is determined by the thickness of the film forming the spacer, and is about 75 to 85 percent of the deposited film thickness. SEM photographs show the cross-section of the poly Si gate fabricated using the proposed technology is an inverted-trapezoid, which can be utilized to reduce the gate resistance for transistor with the same gate length.
Artifact removal from EEG signals using adaptive filters in cascade (2007)

Artifacts in EEG (electroencephalogram) records are caused by various factors, like line interference, EOG (electro-oculogram) and ECG (electrocardiogram). These noise sources increase the difficulty in analyzing the EEG and to obtaining clinical information. For this reason, it is necessary to design specific filters to decrease such artifacts in EEG records. In this paper, a cascade of three adaptive filters based on a least mean squares (LMS) algorithm is proposed. The first one eliminates line interference, the second adaptive filter removes the ECG artifacts and the last one cancels EOG spikes. Each stage uses a finite impulse response (FIR) filter, which adjusts its coefficients to produce an output similar to the artifacts present in the EEG. The proposed cascade adaptive filter was tested in five real EEG records acquired in polysomnographic studies. In all cases, line-frequency, ECG and EOG artifacts were attenuated. It is concluded that the proposed filter reduces the common artifacts present in EEG signals without removing significant information embedded in these records.
Tacit Vertical Collusion and the Labor-Industrial Complex (1983)

In this article, we propose to test John Kenneth Galbraith's countervailing power thesis by examining labor-management conduct in four different market situations. Two of our case studies deal with "regulated" industries and two with industries in the "private" sector. We demonstrate that in all four cases, coalescing power rather than countervailing power is systematically created and maintained; that this conduct constitutes a form of tacit vertical collusion; that a central objective of this collusion is the suppression of competition in relevant product markets in order to immunize cost-price escalation by labor and management from an autonomous, exogenous control mechanism; and that the result of the exercise of this coalescing power has been to fuel a pervasive cost-price-cost spiral that has adversely affected macrostabilization policies in the United States and leading industrial nations. I. Introduction II. The Regulated Sector ... A. Airlines ... 1. Deterioration of Service for Smaller Communities ... 2. Competition Would Be Wasteful and Inefficient ... 3. Industry Chaos ... 4. Predation, Concentration, and Control ... 5. Inability to Obtain Capital ... 6. Threat to Labor ... 7. Adverse Impact upon Related Industries ... 8. Threat to Safety ... 9. Favorable Evaluation of Performance under Regulation ... 10. Summary: Airlines ... B. Trucking ... 1. Deterioration of Service for Smaller Communities ... 2. Competition Would Be Wasteful and Inefficient ... 3. Industry Chaos ... 4. Predation, Concentration, and Control ... 5. Inability to Obtain Capital ... 6. Threat to Labor ... 7. Adverse Impact upon Related Industries ... 8. Threat to Safety ... 9. Favorable Evaluation of Performance under Regulation ... 10. Summary: Trucking III. The Private Sector ... A. Automobiles ... 1. Symbiotic Government-Business Relationship in Exporting Countries ... 2. Diversion of World Exports to the Unprotected U.S. Market ... 3. Need for Breathing Space to Make Adjustments ... 4. Cost of Protection Less Than the Cost of Inaction ... 5. Summary: Automobiles ... B . Steel ... 1. Symbiotic Government-Business Relationship in Exporting Countries ... 2. Diversion of World Exports to the Unprotected U.S. Market ... 3. Need for Breathing Space to Make Adjustments ... 4. Summary: Steel IV. Some Economic Effects of Coalescing Power ... A. Airline Industry ... B. Trucking Industry ... C. Automobile Industry ... D. Steel Industry V. Conclusion
EV-A71 Mechanism of Entry: Receptors/Co-Receptors, Related Pathways and Inhibitors (2023)

Enterovirus A71, a non-enveloped single-stranded (+) RNA virus, enters host cells through three stages: attachment, endocytosis and uncoating. In recent years, receptors/co-receptors anchored on the host cell membrane and involved in this process have been continuously identified. Among these, hSCARB-2 was the first receptor revealed to specifically bind to a definite site of the EV-A71 viral capsid and plays an indispensable role during viral entry. It actually acts as the main receptor due to its ability to recognize all EV-A71 strains. In addition, PSGL-1 is the second EV-A71 receptor discovered. Unlike hSCARB-2, PSGL-1 binding is strain-specific; only 20% of EV-A71 strains isolated to date are able to recognize and bind it. Some other receptors, such as sialylated glycan, Anx 2, HS, HSP90, vimentin, nucleolin and fibronectin, were discovered successively and considered as "co-receptors" because, without hSCARB-2 or PSGL-1, they are not able to mediate entry. For cypA, prohibitin and hWARS, whether they belong to the category of receptors or of co-receptors still needs further investigation. In fact, they have shown to exhibit an hSCARB-2-independent entry. All this information has gradually enriched our knowledge of EV-A71's early stages of infection. In addition to the availability of receptors/co-receptors for EV-A71 on host cells, the complex interaction between the virus and host proteins and various intracellular signaling pathways that are intricately connected to each other is critical for a successful EV-A71 invasion and for escaping the attack of the immune system. However, a lot remains unknown about the EV-A71 entry process. Nevertheless, researchers have been continuously interested in developing EV-A71 entry inhibitors, as this study area offers a large number of targets. To date, important progress has been made toward the development of several inhibitors targeting: receptors/co-receptors, including their soluble forms and chemically designed compounds; virus capsids, such as capsid inhibitors designed on the VP1 capsid; compounds potentially interfering with related signaling pathways, such as MAPK-, IFN- and ATR-inhibitors; and other strategies, such as siRNA and monoclonal antibodies targeting entry. The present review summarizes these latest studies, which are undoubtedly of great significance in developing a novel therapeutic approach against EV-A71.
Application of quadrupole ion trap for the accurate mass determination of submicron size charged particles (1995)

An optical method is developed for the precise mass determination of submicron size charged particles. The measurement is carried out in a hyperbolic quadrupole ion trap electrode system in vacuum by adjusting particle trajectory star shape patterns. This method does not involve gravity so this may be suitable to use in space applications in weightlessness. Due to the imperfect electrode alignment of the ion trap the mass/charge ratio can now be calculated by means of the corresponding electrical parameters with a relative accuracy of 103. Since the measured parameter is frequency the relative accuracy of the mass measurement could later be increased to 106. Combined with stepwise electron loss events induced by UV radiation it is possible to determine the mass of a single particle in the 109–1012 amu range with similar precision. These findings would seem to indicate the feasibility of a novel optical method for high precision mass determination of a single particle in the submicron diameter range.
Induced mouse spleen B-cell proliferation and secretion of immunoglobulin by lipid-associated membrane proteins of Mycoplasma fermentans incognitus and Mycoplasma penetrans (1994)

Mycoplasmas have been implicated as a possible cofactor in AIDS pathogenesis. Mycoplasma fermentans and M. penetrans infect human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients at a significantly higher frequency than non-human immunodeficiency virus-infected control subjects. Various mycoplasmal membrane preparations are known to affect the functions of immune cells both in vitro and in vivo. A group of lipid-associated membrane proteins (LAMPs) extracted by Triton X-114 from mycoplasmas are major antigenic targets of human host antibody responses. In this study, LAMPs prepared from both M. fermentans and M. penetrans nonspecifically stimulated spleen cells of CBA/CaH mice to proliferate. LAMPs were also stimulatory to spleen cells from athymic mice. On the other hand, enriched splenic T cells from CBA/CaH mice with or without accessory cells responded poorly. Thus, the mitogenic effect of mycoplasmal LAMPs appeared mainly on B cells. High levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) M and low but detectable amounts of IgG were found in the supernatant of LAMP-treated splenic cell culture. M. penetrans LAMPs had a much more potent effect on murine spleen cells than did M. fermentans incognitus LAMPs in inducing both B-cell proliferation and Ig secretion. In conclusion, the mycoplasmal LAMPs contained an active component(s) with T-independent B-cell mitogenic effect.
Sports drinks hazard to teeth. (1997)

The chemicophysical analyses indicate that all the sports drinks in this study have erosive potential. However, drinks with higher pH, lower titratable acidity, and higher concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride will reduce this erosive potential.
Security Architecture for System Wide Information Management (2006)

Air Traffic Service Providers (ATSPs) are embarking on a transition of their information systems to a new paradigm of System Wide Information Management (SWIM). SWIM defines an enterprise-wide open, flexible, modular, manageable and secure architecture that is transparent to users. Information sharing, including real-time capability, enables operational improvements and facilitates a reduction in the overall cost of operation and maintenance. SWIM enables decision support systems that connect many stakeholders including the ATSPs and the Airline Operations Centers. For the National Airspace System (NAS), SWIM also facilitates information sharing between with other agencies such as the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). Due to the increased interconnection of ATSP systems and connections to outside enterprises and agencies, security requirements have expanded. New SWIM applications will be written using new technologies. Adapters will be developed to connect legacy applications. The new technologies introduced by SWIM allow a more standardized approach to security, while supporting existing security mechanisms in legacy applications. This paper proposes a security architecture for SWIM, including Identity and Access Management, Registry-Directory-Naming services security, Messaging security, Digital Rights Management and Security Information Management. It also describes the security requirements for the Common Data Transport (CDT) that underlies SWIM, including link and network security, firewalls and intrusion detection systems.
Algebraic analog decoding of linear binary codes (1979)

Bit-by-bit soft-decision decoding of binary cyclic codes is considered. A significant reduction in decoder complexity can be achieved by requiring only that the decoder correct all analog error patterns which fall within a Euclidean sphere whose radius is equal to half the minimum Euclidean distance of the code. Such a "maximum-radius" scheme is asymptotically optimum for the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. An iterative extension of the basic algebraic analog decoding scheme is discussed, and performance curves are given for the (17,9), (21,11), and (73,45) codes on the AWGN channel.
Hexagon based algorithm for Space Vector Modulation on multilevel voltage source inverters (2010)

A simple algorithm has been developed to control small and large multilevel inverters using Space Vector Modulation. It looks for a suitable hexagon near the reference voltage rather than the usual three nearest vectors. Then, switching vectors and their duty cycles are computed using straightforward equations, independent of the number of levels and easy to use in digital microprocessors. Several simulations have validated this method, finding that these duty cycles are exactly the same than others, computed using more complex methods.
A Wide-Band Strip-Line Balun (1959)

A new wide-band strip-line balun that uses a pair of dual coupled-strip-line band-pass filters is described. It can operate over bandwidths up to about 8:1 in the frequency range of about 100 to 10,000 mc. Design data and theoretical performance curves for typical wide-band baluns of this type are presented. The measured performance of an experimental balun operating over a 3:1 frequency range centered at 3000 mc is compared with the theoretical performance, and the effects of discontinuities and dissymmetries in the experimental balun are discussed.
Lattice Boltzmann method for simulations of liquid-vapor thermal flows (2003)

We present a lattice Boltzmann method that has the capability of simulating thermodynamic multiphase flows. This approach is fully thermodynamically consistent at the macroscopic level. Using this method, the liquid-vapor boiling process, including liquid-vapor formation and coalescence together with a full coupling of temperature, is simulated.
Identification of important amino acid residues for human IL-18 function by mutant construction. (2003)

To study the structure-function relationship of IL-18, two IL-18 mutants, N- and C-terminal mutant (Delta NC) and IL-1 signature-like sequence mutant S(154)A/Y(156)F/E(157)P/C(163)T (S), were constructed by PCR. The wild type and mutant recombinant human interleukin-18 (rhIL-18) were expressed in E.coli, purified by Sephadex G-75 chromatography and renatured by stepwise dilution. The purity of the recombinant proteins was over 95%. The activities of wild type and mutant rhIL-18s were defined as the ability to induce interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production and NF-kappa B activation from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Our results showed that the two mutants induced significantly less amount of IFN-gamma from PBMC (13%, 48% of wild type rhIL-18 for Delta NC, S, respectively), and the activation of NF-kappa B also lower than wild type rhIL-18(69.7%, 89.8% of wild type rhIL-18 respectively), indicating that the deleted or mutated amino acids might be important for IL-18 function.