gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A system for ultrasound-guided computer-assisted orthopaedic surgery (2005)

Current computer-assisted orthopedic surgery (CAOS) systems typically use preoperative computed tomography (CT) and intraoperative fluoroscopy as their imaging modalities. Because these imaging tools use X-rays, both patients and surgeons are exposed to ionizing radiation that may cause long-term health damage. To register the patient with the preoperative surgical plan, these techniques require tracking of the targeted anatomy by invasively mounting a tracking device on the patient, which results in extra pain and may prolong recovery time. The mounting procedure also leads to a major difficulty of using these approaches to track small bones or mobile fractures. Furthermore, it is practically impossible to mount a heavy tracking device on a small bone, which thus restricts the use of CAOS techniques. This article presents a novel CAOS method that employs 2D ultrasound (US) as the imaging modality. Medical US is non-ionizing and real-time, and our proposed method does not require any invasive mounting procedures. Experiments have shown that the proposed registration technique has sub-millimetric accuracy in localizing the best match between the intraoperative and preoperative images, demonstrating great potential for orthopedic applications. This method has some significant advantages over previously reported US-guided CAOS techniques: it requires no segmentation and employs only a few US images to accurately and robustly localize the patient. Preliminary laboratory results on both a radius-bone phantom and human subjects are presented.
Quantum engineering at the silicon surface using dangling bonds (2013)

Individual atoms and ions are now routinely manipulated using scanning tunnelling microscopes or electromagnetic traps for the creation and control of artificial quantum states. For applications such as quantum information processing, the ability to introduce multiple atomic-scale defects deterministically in a semiconductor is highly desirable. Here we use a scanning tunnelling microscope to fabricate interacting chains of dangling bond defects on the hydrogen-passivated silicon (001) surface. We image both the ground-state and the excited-state probability distributions of the resulting artificial molecular orbitals, using the scanning tunnelling microscope tip bias and tip-sample separation as gates to control which states contribute to the image. Our results demonstrate that atomically precise quantum states can be fabricated on silicon, and suggest a general model of quantum-state fabrication using other chemically passivated semiconductor surfaces where single-atom depassivation can be achieved using scanning tunnelling microscopy.
Effect of Niobium Content on Laminar Precipitate and High Temperature Mechanical Properties of 21-2N Valve Steel (2010)

Effect of niobium content on laminar precipitate and high temperature mechanical properties of 21-2N vavle steel was systematically studied, using specimens contain 0.26%, 0.43%, 0.65% 0.82% and 1.06% Nb. After different solid solution treatment and 750 °C aging heat treatment, experimental results showed that laminar precipitate was suppressed by niobium addition, and with the increasing of niobium content, laminar precipitate content decreased and size, distribution and morphology of laminar precipitate was meliorated. Then creep rupture strength and fatigue strength of experimental steels are improved with increasing of niobium.
Speedup of the Direct Simulation Methods for Solving the Boltzmann Equation (1984)

It was shown in [J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 52 (1983) 3382] that there are two theoretically sound simulation methods for solving the Boltzmann equation; one is Nanbu's method and the other is Belotserkovskiy and Yanitskiy's method. The only defect of these methods is in that the computation time is proportional to the square of the number of simulated molecules. Here is proposed an approximation the use of which makes the computation time directly proportional to the number of molecules. The essence of the approximation lies in using the collision probability in Nanbu's method or the collision rate in Belotserkovskiy and Yanitskiy's method averaged over local equilibrium distribution function. The error of the approximation is small over a wide range of the degree of nonequilibrium.
Improved Carrier-to-Sideband Ratio for Free Space Millimeter Wave-Coupled Electro-Optic Polymer High Speed Phase Modulators (2015)

The carrier-to-sideband ratio was improved more than 20 dB by using a SiO2 protection layer in antenna-coupled electro-optic phase modulators operating at 37 GHz based on an in-plane polymeric waveguide using the nonlinear polymer. We also demonstrate detection of 3-GHz modulation of the RF carrier.
Pipelined Heap (Priority Queue) Management for Advanced Scheduling in High-Speed Networks (2007)

Per-flow queueing with sophisticated scheduling is one of the methods for providing advanced quality of service (QoS) guarantees. The hardest and most interesting scheduling algorithms rely on a common computational primitive, implemented via priority queues. To support such scheduling for a large number of flows at OC-192 (10 Gb/s) rates and beyond, pipelined management of the priority queue is needed. Large priority queues can be built using either calendar queues or heap data structures; heaps feature smaller silicon area than calendar queues. We present heap management algorithms that can be gracefully pipelined; they constitute modifications of the traditional ones. We discuss how to use pipelined heap managers in switches and routers and their cost-performance tradeoffs. The design can be configured to any heap size, and, using 2-port 4-wide SRAMs, it can support initiating a new operation on every clock cycle, except that an insert operation or one idle (bubble) cycle is needed between two successive delete operations. We present a pipelined heap manager implemented in synthesizable Verilog form, as a core integratable into ASICs, along with cost and performance analysis information. For a 16 K entry example in 0.13-mum CMOS technology, silicon area is below 10 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (less than 8% of a typical ASIC chip) and performance is a few hundred million operations per second. We have verified our design by simulating it against three heap models of varying abstraction
Dynamically reconfigurable imager for real-time staring vision systems (2001)

Design and characterization of a high-performance multi-acuity, multi-window dynamicaly reconfigurable vision (DRV) CMOS imager for real-time staring vision systems is presented.
A new triangular and tetrahedral basis for high‐order (<i>hp</i>) finite element methods (1995)

Abstract In this paper we describe the foundations of a new hierarchical modal basis suitable for high‐order ( hp ) finite element discretizations on unstructured meshes. It is based on a generalized tensor product of mixed‐weight Jacobi polynomials. The generalized tensor product property leads to a low operation count with the use of sum factorization techniques. Variable p ‐order expansions in each element are readily implemented which is a crucial property for efficient adaptive discretizations. Numerical examples demonstrate the exponential convergence for smooth solutions and the ability of this formulation to handle easily very complex two‐ and three‐dmensional computational domains employing standard meshes.
Cellular Signaling Underlying Atrial Tachycardia Remodeling of L-type Calcium Current (2008)

Atrial tachycardia (AT) downregulates L-type Ca(2+) current (I(CaL)) and causes atrial fibrillation-promoting electric remodeling. This study assessed potential underlying signal transduction. Cultured adult canine atrial cardiomyocytes were paced at 0, 1, or 3 Hz (P0, P1, P3) for up to 24 hours. Cellular tachypacing (P3) mimicked effects of in vivo AT: decreased I(CaL) and transient outward current (I(to)), unchanged I(CaT), I(Kr), and I(Ks), and reduced action potential duration (APD). I(CaL) was unchanged in P3 at 2 and 8 hours but decreased by 55+/-6% at 24 hours. Tachypacing caused Ca(2+)(i) accumulation in P3 cells at 2 to 8 hours, but, by 24 hours, Ca(2+)i returned to baseline. Ca(v)1.2 mRNA expression was not altered at 2 hours but decreased significantly at 8 and 24 hours (32+/-4% and 48+/-4%, respectively) and protein expression was decreased (47+/-8%) at 24 hours only. Suppressing Ca(2+)(i) increases during tachypacing with the I(CaL) blocker nimodipine or the Ca(2+) chelator BAPTA-AM prevented I(CaL) downregulation. Calcineurin activity increased in P3 at 2 and 8 hours, respectively, returning to baseline at 24 hours. Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) nuclear translocation was enhanced in P3 cells. Ca(2+)-dependent signaling was probed with inhibitors of Ca(2+)/calmodulin (W-7), calcineurin (FK-506), and NFAT (INCA6): each prevented I(CaL) downregulation. Significant APD reductions ( approximately 30%) at 24 hours in P3 cells were prevented by nimodipine, BAPTA-AM, W-7, or FK-506. Thus, rapid atrial cardiomyocyte activation causes Ca(2+) loading, which activates the Ca(2+)-dependent calmodulin-calcineurin-NFAT system to cause transcriptional downregulation of I(CaL), restoring Ca(2+)i to normal at the cost of APD reduction. These studies elucidate for the first time the molecular feedback mechanisms underlying arrhythmogenic AT remodeling.
ChemInform Abstract: Well‐Defined Transition Metal Hydrides in Catalytic Isomerizations (2014)

Abstract Review: [59 refs.
Perfusion-contraction mismatch with coronary microvascular obstruction: role of inflammation (2000)

A close relationship exists between regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF) and function during acute coronary inflow restriction (perfusion-contraction matching). However, the relationship of flow and function during coronary microvascular obstruction is unknown. In 12 anesthetized dogs, the left circumflex coronary artery was perfused from an extracorporeal circuit. After control measurements, 3,000 microspheres (42 micrometer diameter) per milliliter per minute inflow were injected to cause a microembolism (ME, n = 6). With unchanged systemic hemodynamics and RMBF, posterior systolic wall thickening (PWT) decreased from 19.8 +/- 1.9% SD at control to 13.3 +/- 4.0, 10.3 +/- 3.8, and 6.9 +/- 4.7% (P < 0.05 vs. control) at 1, 4, and 8 h, respectively. For comparison, inflow was progressively reduced to match PWT to that of the ME group at 1, 4, and 8 h (stenosis, STE, n = 6). RMBF in the STE group was reduced in proportion to PWT. Infarct size was not different among groups (6.5 +/- 4.5 vs. 3.4 +/- 3.2%). However, the number of leukocytes infiltrating the area at risk was significantly greater in the ME group than in the STE group. Coronary microembolization results in perfusion-contraction mismatch and is associated with an inflammatory response.
Characterization of Individual Submicron Distyrylbenzene Aggregates Using Temperature-Dependent Picosecond Fluorescence and Atomic Force Microscopy (2004)

The time-resolved fluorescence of individual distyrylbenzene aggregates is studied in order to determine the effects of aggregate morphology on the emission properties. Using a confocal microscope and a photon-counting streak camera, we measure the full time and wavelength dependence of the fluorescence from individual submicron aggregates at the temperatures 290, 100, and 4 K. The morphology of these aggregates is characterized separately using tapping-mode atomic force microscopy. All aggregates show temperature-dependent fluorescence decays and spectral shifting, most likely due to activated energy transfer to lower energy sites which correspond to spectrally distinct species. We find significant aggregate-to-aggregate variations in the fluorescence spectra and decays, but the amount of variation depends on preparation conditions: solvent-annealed aggregates have a more uniform appearance and less variation in their spectral properties. To analyze the data, we model the dynamics in terms of two coupled states, which correspond to the intrinsic exciton in solid DSB and a lower energy defect. Even this simple model requires additional assumptions, but it allows us to extract spectra corresponding to both species, and generate histograms of the two different decay rates. Variations in the decay rates are ascribed to variations in the concentration of quenching defects between individual aggregates.
Comparative Toxicity of 3-Nitro 4 Hydroxyphenylarsonic Acid and Its Formaldehyde Dimer to Chicks (1959)

The formaldehyde dimer of 3-nitro 4 hydroxyphenylarsonic acid was slightly less growth stimulatory than 3-nitro when fed to chicks at a level equivalent to 49.5 mg of 3-nitro/kg diet. Both arsenicals stimulated growth when fed at a level equivalent to 74.25 mg of 3-nitro/kg diet, with the dimer somewhat more effective. There was little difference between the 2 when fed at a level equivalent to 198 mg 3-nitro/kg diet. Liver arsenic stores were greater in chicks fed the dimer at each of the 3 levels of comparison. Administered as a single oral dose at levels approximating 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight, survival out of 10 chicks treated was 7 and 1 respectively, for 3-nitro and 8 and 0 for the dimer.
Singly hydrogen-bridged borane anions derived from the hydroboration products of 1,3-butadiene. X-ray structure determination of tetrabutylammonium .mu.-hydro-1,2-dihydro-1,2:1,2-bis(tetramethylene)diborate (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSingly hydrogen-bridged borane anions derived from the hydroboration products of 1,3-butadiene. X-ray structure determination of tetrabutylammonium .mu.-hydro-1,2-dihydro-1,2:1,2-bis(tetramethylene)diborateD. J. Saturnino, M. Yamauchi, W. R. Clayton, R. W. Nelson, and S. G. ShoreCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 21, 6063–6070Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00854a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00854a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views135Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Muskelelektrolyte bei chlorthalidonbehandelten Steinpatienten (1985)

Die Thiazid-Diuretika Hydrochlorothiazid und ihre Derivate (z.B. Chlorthalidon) sind die zur Prophylaxe des Kalziumoxalat-Steinleidens am besten theoretisch und klinisch untersuchten Substanzen. Die biochemischen Nebenwirkungen einer chronischen Rezidivsteinprophylaxe erscheinen jedoch nicht problemlos: Neben einer konstanten Hyperurikämie ist mit Hypokaliämie und einem möglichen Magnesiumverlust (1, 2) zu rechnen, wodurch eine erhöhte kardiovaskuläre Morbidität (Aktivität der intrazellulären Natrium-Kalium-ATPase vermindert) resultieren könnte. Da die orale Applikation von Magnesium möglicherweise ein Prophylaktikum der Oxalatsteinerkrankung darstellt (4) und gleichzeitig dazu beiträgt, ein potentielles Magnesiumdefizit auszugleichen, ware eine gleichzeitig Magnesium- und Thiazidverabreichung aus mehreren Gründen sinnvoll. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurde geprüft, welchen Einfluß chronische Thiazidgabe (Langzeit-Chlorthalidonapplikation) auf Urin, Plasma und Skelettmuskelelektrolyte besitzt.
Comparison of Controlled Diffusion Airfoils With Conventional NACA 65 Airfoils Developed for Stator Blade Application in a Multistage Axial Compressor (1985)

In their transonic cascade wind tunnel, DFVLR has done measurements on a conventional NACA 65, as well as on a controlled diffusion airfoil, designed for the same velocity triangle at supercritical inlet condition. These tested cascades represent the first stator hub section of a three-stage axial/one-stage radial combined compressor developed by MTU with the financial aid of the German Ministry of Research and Technology. One aspect of this project was the verification of the controlled diffusion concept for axial compressor blade design, in order to demonstrate the capabilities of some recent research results which are now available for industrial application. The stator blades of the axial compressor section were first designed using NACA 65 airfoils. In the second step, the controlled diffusion technique was applied for building a new stator set. Both stator configurations were tested in the MTU compressor test facility. Cascade and compressor tests revealed the superiority of the controlled diffusion airfoils for axial compressors. In comparison to the conventional NACA blades, the new blades obtained a higher efficiency. Furthermore, a closer matching of the compressor performance data to the design requirements was possible due to a more precise prediction of the turning angle.
Biological organomercurial removal from vaccine production wastewaters by a Pseudomonas putida strain (2026)

Vaccine production effluents are frequently polluted with thiomersal, a highly toxic organomercurial compound, for which there is presently no remediation technology available. This work proposes a biotechnological process, for the remediation of vaccine production wastewaters, based on the biological degradation of thiomersal to metallic mercury, under aerobic conditions, by a mercury resistant bacterial strain. The kinetics of thiomersal degradation by a pure culture of Pseudomonas putida spi3 strain, in batch culture and using a synthetic wastewater, is presented and discussed. Additionally, a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) fed with the synthetic wastewater was operated, and the bioreactor performance and robustness, when exposed to thiomersal shock loads, was evaluated. Finally, a CSTR for the biological treatment of a real vaccine production effluent was set-up and operated at different dilution rates.
Influence of the acquisition method on terahertz tomography (2013)

Terahertz tomography is a technique used in the field of contact-free and non destructive testing [1][2]. It can be achieved using a raster scanning system with three axes or two axes and a rotation stage. The setup uses a Gunn diode working at a frequency of 84 GHz as a source and a Schottky diode or pyroelectric element for the detection. A tripler can be added to the source to obtain a frequency of 252 GHz. The sample is hold on a rotating stage θ mounted on a two axis (X, Y) scanner. We propose to characterize the origin of the electronic noise induced by fluctuations in the detector and analyze the influence of the acquisition method on the reconstructed image in tomography.
Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Sarcoidosis: Correlation with Disease Activity and Duration (1976)

We studied lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of 29 sarcoid patients to relate T- and B-cell populations with disease activity and duration. In patients with acute (less than 1 year) and chronic (greater than or equal to 9 years) active disease, the absolute lymphocyte count was reduced; the absolute number of T cells was reduced; and the proliferative response of lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin was depressed compared with control subjects. Ten of 21 patients with active disease had 5% to 32% atypical lymphocytes. The proportion of cells bearing surface immunoglobulin (Ig) was increased in patients with active disease, but the absolute number of cells bearing surface Ig did not differ significantly from controls. However, studies using overnight in-vitro culture indicated that a large fraction of these cells bound exogenous Ig. The number of cells indentified by complement receptors was significantly reduced in patients with active disease. In contrast, patients who had complete reasolution of their disease showed no significant differences from controls in either T- or B-cell populations or in the proliferative response of their lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin.
Two-phase reduced gravity experiments for a space reactor design (1987)

Future space missions researchers envision using large nuclear reactors with either a single or a two-phase alkali-metal working fluid. The design and analysis of such reactors require state-of-the-art computer codes that can properly treat alkali-metal flow and heat transfer in a reduced-gravity environment. New flow regime maps, models, and correlations are required if the codes are to be successfully applied to reduced-gravity flow and heat transfer. General plans are put forth for the reduced-gravity experiments which will have to be performed, at NASA facilities, with benign fluids. Data from the reduced-gravity experiments with innocuous fluids are to be combined with normal gravity data from two-phase alkali-metal experiments. Because these reduced-gravity experiments will be very basic, and will employ small test loops of simple geometry, a large measure of commonality exists between them and experiments planned by other organizations. It is recommended that a committee be formed to coordinate all ongoing and planned reduced gravity flow experiments.
Extraarticular pigmented villonodular synovitis of the shoulder: a case report. (1997)

A rotator cuff tear was diagnosed in a 57-year-old woman based on physical examination and magnetic resonance imaging studies. At operation, an abnormal bursal lesion also was found. The lesion was completely extraarticular and was identified histologically as pigmented villonodular synovitis. The patient was treated with complete bursectomy and repair of the rotator cuff tear and remains asymptomatic 21 months after operation. Pigmented villonodular synovitis is a condition characterized by cell proliferation and deposition of hemosiderin into the lining tissues of joints, tendons, and bursae. The extraarticular form of pigmented villonodular synovitis is extremely rare and usually represents an extension of a primary intraarticular process. Only a few cases have been reported in which the lesion was found exclusively outside the joint with no intraarticular segment. In reviewing the literature, no case of exclusively extraarticular pigmented villonodular synovitis of the shoulder was found. The sequelae of extraarticular pigmented villonodular synovitis are poorly understood, but this lesion can be locally invasive, and if left untreated, may destroy surrounding tissues. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are important for optimal results.
Neptunium Retardation Behavior in the Vicinity of Underground Nuclear Tests at the Nevada National Security Site (2014)

Abstract not provided