gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The design, manufacture and predicted performance of Kirkpatrick-Baez Silicon stacks for the International X-ray Observatory or similar applications (2009)

A method of constructing a large aperture grazing incidence X-ray telescope utilizing the Kirkpatrick-Baez (K-B) geometry is described. Two crossed stacks of flat, wedged Silicon plates comprise a single optical unit which provides focusing to a angular resolution limit set by the plate separation within the stacks. If high precision Silicon wafers are used and the focal length is large, an angular resolution of a few arc seconds is achievable. As a refinement an angular resolution at the limit imposed by the K-B geometry could be met if the plates were very slightly curved to the correct parabolic profile along the axial direction. A tessellation of a large number of identical or nearly identical stacks over a spherical aperture plane can provide a very large collecting area and high angular resolution suitable for the International X-ray Observatory (IXO) or similar X-ray astronomy applications. The optical design operates in a similar way to the lobster eye geometry and unlimited extension of the aperture coverage (tessellation) can provide a very large field of view suitable for all-sky monitoring.
Effects of tallow on the energy metabolism of wethers fed barley finishing diets. (2001)

A balance trial was conducted to titrate the effects of tallow on the energy metabolism of wethers fed barley finishing diets. Six dietary levels of tallow (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10%) in a barley finishing diet were fed to six crossbred wethers (35+/-1.1 kg) in a randomized complete block design. Diets were 73% barley, 10% tallow and(or) bentonite, 10% alfalfa pellets, and 7% supplement. There was no effect of tallow level on OM intake (1,103.1+/-51 g/d), OM digestibility (84+/-0.9%), GE digestibility (83+/-1.1%), or cell solubles digestibility (84.2+/-1.2%). The level of tallow quadratically decreased ADF digestibility (P < 0.05), methane emissions, and methane energy as a percentage of GE P < 0.01). There were linear increases in dietary GE (megacalories per kilogram of OM [P < 0.01]), dietary DE (megacalories per kilogram of OM [P < 0.05]), and dietary ME (megacalories per kilogram of OM [P < 0.01]), as dietary tallow increased. Numbers of ruminal protozoa (Entodinium spp. and Polyplastron sp.) decreased linearly (P < 0.05) with increased level of tallow. The energy value of tallow (calculated by difference) was low. The total-tract fatty acid digestibility of tallow was calculated by linear regression, without intercept, after accounting for the fatty acids digested from the base diet (0% tallow fed to a wether in a period). Fatty acids of the same carbon length were pooled for the regression analysis. All linear regressions were significant (P < 0.10) indicating no effect of tallow level on fatty acid digestibility. Lauric acid had low digestibility. The high digestibility of all C16 (89%) and C18 (104%) fatty acids suggests an effect of tallow on endogenous and microbial fatty acid excretion. Fatty acid digestibility was probably a minor contributor to the low energy content of tallow, calculated by difference, in these diets.
A Matching Lower Bound on the Minimum Weight of SHA-1 Expansion Code. (2005)

Recently, Wang, Yin, and Yu ([WYY05b]) have used a low weight codeword in the SHA-1 message expansion to show a better than brute force method to find collisions in SHA-1. The smallest minimum weight codeword they report has a (bit) weight of 25 in the last 60 of the 80 expanded words. In this paper we show, using a computer assisted method, that this is indeed the smallest weight codeword. In particular, we show that the minimum weight over F 2 of any non-zero codeword in the SHA-1 (linear) message expansion code, projected on the last 60 words, is at least 25.
Perioperative risk factors for mortality in patients with acute type A aortic dissection. (1998)

Perioperative risk factors for death after the operation for acute type A aortic dissection were identified. This will allow physicians and surgeons to better assess the patient's risk, which will lead to better outcome.
AR and ARMA identification algorithms of Levinson type: An innovations approach (1981)

Fast recursive-in-time identification procedures for both AR and ARMA processes (e.g., Chandrasekhar, square root algorithms,... ) have been available for a few years. These algorithms realize the desired transfer functions in the classical polynomial or rational form. On the other hand, the synthesis of polynomial and rational transfer functions in lattice and ladder form has fostered great interest in network theory by virtue of its pleasant properties. This type of synthesis is strongly related to the theory of orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle. An identification procedure with the realization of the desired whitening filter in lattice form was available for AR processes. We give here a simple approach for obtaining such algorithms, investigating furthermore the connections between the so obtained algorithms and the classical ones (least squares procedure). In the same way, we obtain identification procedures with realization of the desired filter in lattice and ladder form for ARMA processes, together with the connection with the classical extended least squares procedure. The method is based upon a fairly general Levinson orthogonalization lemma in Hilbert space, involving innovation techniques. We extend the method to various other estimation problems. The algorithms we obtain are fast (even somewhat faster than the previous fast ones) and seem to be well conditioned.
Conversion d’un chrétien au Mahométisme (1913)

Klein Henri. Conversion d’un chrétien au Mahométisme. In: Les Feuillets d'El-Djezaïr, volume 6, 1913. Les rues de l'ancien et du nouvel Alger – L'esclavage européen. p. 55.
Ligand effects in platinum binding to DNA. A comparison of DNA binding properties for cis- and trans-[PtCl2(amine)2] (amine = NH3, pyridine) (1993)

The DNA binding properties of cis- and trans-[PtCl2(pyridine)2] have been examined and compared with their NH3 analogs, cis- and trans-DDP. The presence of a planar ligand reduces the rates of DNA binding but does not greatly affect the overall conformation of CT DNA, as measured by circular dichroism spectroscopy. The sequence specificity of trans-[PtCl2(py)2] includes alternating purine-pyrimidine sequences. The sequence specificity is further different between the two pyridine isomers, and the steric effects of two cis-pyridine groups are demonstrated by the appearance of relatively few binding sites in the 49-bp duplex. The effects of the pyridine ligand are further manifested by a greatly enhanced DNA-DNA interstrand cross-linking efficiency for the trans isomer, with a cross-link per adduct frequency of between 0.14 and 0.23, depending on the rb of the sample. The unwinding of closed circular pUC19 DNA by trans-[PtCl2(pyridine)2] is also more efficient than that by either DDP isomer, with an unwinding angle calculated at phi = 17 degrees (compare cis-DDP with phi = 13 degrees and trans-DDP with phi = 9-10 degrees). In contrast, little unwinding is induced by cis-[PtCl2(pyridine)2], with phi = 4 degrees. These results in particular invert the standard cis/trans structure-activity relationships observed previously for [PtCl2(NH3)2]. The results are discussed with respect to the previously demonstrated effect of activation of the trans-platinum geometry using sterically hindered ligands.
IMPUT: An interactive learning tool based on program specialization (1997)

The algorithm SPECTRE specializes logic programs with respect to positive and negative examples by applying the transformation rule unfolding together with clause removal. The method IMPUT presented in this paper gives a modified version of this algorithm by integrating the algorithmic debugging system IDTS with SPECTRE. The main idea of the IMPUT method, is that the identification of a clause to be unfolded has a crucial importance on the effectiveness of the specialization process. The debugging system IDTS is used to identify this buggy clause.
Some Mathematical Problems in Visual Transduction (2005)

We present a mathematical model for the phototransduction cascade, taking into account the spatial localization of the different reaction processes. The geometric complexity of the problem (set in the rod outer segment) is simplified by a process of homogenization and concentration of capacity.
Is activation of the granulocyte by concanavalin-A a reversible process? (1984)

The stimulation of granulocyte O2- production by concanavalin-A can be reversed with alpha-methylmannoside. Such cells can be reactivated to generate O2- by adding phorbol myristate acetate or N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. Opsonized zymosan, however, is not an effective stimulant to these cells. alpha-Methylmannoside prevents, but does not reverse, depolarization of granulocytes by concanavalin-A. Previously activated cells have a shorter lag time for reactivation by phorbol myristate acetate. Incubation in 2-deoxyglucose of cells previously treated with concanavalin-A and alpha-methylmannoside prevents reactivation. EGTA prevents concanavalin-A-stimulated O2- production only when added prior to the stimulant. EGTA has only a slight effect on reactivation. alpha-Methylmannoside prevents concanavalin-A-stimulated release of lysozyme only when added prior to the stimulant. Prior treatment of cells with concanavalin-A and alpha-methylmannoside inhibits subsequent ingestion of complement-coated particles. We conclude that although the O2--generating system can be reversibly activated with concanavalin-A followed by alpha-methylmannoside, these cells are different from untreated cells. Cells treated in such a way do not respond to all stimuli, remain depolarized, have shortened lag times, no longer require calcium for activation, continue to degranulate, and do not ingest well. Thus, although some changes that accompany the interaction of stimuli with granulocytes are reversible, some are not, and the previously activated cell does not return to a true resting state.
A SOLUTION PROCEDURE FOR REAL-TIME ROUTING AND DISPATCHING OF COMMERCIAL VEHICLES (1996)

Many distributions systems involve the real-time dispatch of a fleet of commercial vehicles for serving customer requests. Typical examples include courier services or less-than-truckload trucking, where vehicle routes must be determined quickly or in real-time. This paper describes an efficient solution procedure, based on the tabu search heuristic, to determine near-optimal solutions in two different problem settings: real-time routing where all customer locations are known before hand but at short notice, and real-time dispatching where requests are received and must be responded to in an on-going fashion. To provide quick response time, the solution procedure is implemented in a course-grain parallel computing environment. Computational results indicate that high-quality solutions are produced in acceptable time.
New microwave techniques in surface recombination and lifetime studies (1963)

A new method of measurement of recombination effects in semiconductors is described. Germanium and silicon slabs are prepared to fill the cross section of a waveguide and changes in microwave transmission as a function of conductivity of the semiconductor provide a direct measurement of lifetime. It is shown that under specific conditions of thickness of the sample a linear relationship exists between the transmitted power and the conductivity, even when the conductivity approaches the value of the product of angular frequency and permittivity. Furthermore, the new technique of lifetime measurement is simpler than previously described microwave and conventional dc methods and can be used to cover a broader range of conductivities. Experimental data are given to illustrate the principles.
Chiral liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in the determination of the configuration of glyceric acid in urine of patients with <scp>D</scp>‐glyceric and <scp>L</scp>‐glyceric acidurias (2002)

Glyceric acid is a highly polar chiral carboxylic acid that is usually not detected during routine organic acid analysis. Increased excretion is observed in two phenotypically distinct and rare inherited metabolic diseases, D-glyceric aciduria, and L-glyceric aciduria (also known as primary hyperoxaluria type 2). The determination of the exact configuration of the excreted glyceric acid is necessary for the accurate diagnosis of D-glyceric aciduria and for the differentiation between type 1 and type 2 primary hyperoxaluria. The separation of the two stereoisomers was achieved using a narrow-bore ristocetin A glycopeptide antibiotic silica gel bonded column. Triethylamine acetate at pH 4.1 with 10% methanol was used as mobile phase. The column was directly interfaced to a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer and the electrospray ion source was operated in the negative ion mode. Three parent-to-daughter transitions were employed to specifically detect eluting glyceric enantiomers from essentially untreated urine samples. The two forms of glyceric acid were satisfactorily separated at 3.6 and 4.5 min. Application of the method led to the confirmation of three cases of D-glyceric aciduria from three different families. Two other cases are suspected to be L-glyceric aciduria but further confirmation is needed. The method allowed the detection of the glyceric acid stereoisomers in control urine where it was found without exception that L-glyceric was the predominate metabolite.
Pseudoaneurysm after Pancreatoduodenectomy: Diagnosis and Embolization on Angiography (2002)

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of angiography in the diagnosis and treatment of pseudoaneurysm manifesting arterial hemorrhage as a significant complication following pancreatoduodenectomy. Materials and Methods: For 51 months, of a total of 298 patients who had undergone pancreatoduodenectomy, 19 patients (6.4%) developed clinically significant hemorrhage and nine patients proved to have a pseudoaneurysm on angiography. These nine patients (3.0%) were managed by transcatheter arterial embolization. We analyzed clinical feature, angiographic findings and hemostatic effect of embolization retrospectively. Results: In nine patients (3.0%), pseudoaneurysm was diagnosed on angiography (common hepatic artery in four, gastroduodenal artery in three, proper hepatic artery in one, and left gastroepoploic artery in one patient). The size ranged from 0.3 cm to 6.5 cm (mean 1.9 cm). And extravasation was noted in five patients (55.6%). The remained ten patients showed no evidence of bleeding on angiography. Those who manifested as early bleeding (within two weeks) or delayed bleeding (later than two weeks) were five and four patients respectively. Before the onset of major bleeding, among the nine pseudoaneurysm patients, seven patients (77.8%) had experienced percutaneous drainage due to intra-abdominal fluid collection with or without abscess resulting from anastomotic leak, and all nine patients had had preliminary minor bleeding. The angiogram demonstrated an exact site of bleeding as a pseudoaneurysm followed by transcatheter arterial embolization (microcoil in eight patients, gelfoam in one) and achieved complete hemostasis yielding a success rate of 100%. Overall, no patients experienced complications related directly to the transcatheter arterial embolization technique. During the follow-up period (72-1,336days, mean 640), no recurrence of bleeding was noted. Conclusion: Although pseudoaneurysm is a rare complication, it is important as a cause of hemorrhage after pancreatoduodenectomy. Angiography followed by transcatheter arterial embolization allows early diagnosis and hemostasis of pseudoaneurysm and minimizes the need for high-risk emergency surgery.
The inorganic carbon-concentrating mechanism in cyanobacteria: induction and ecological significance (1998)

In this minireview we focus on certain aspects of the induction, function, and ecophysiological significance of the inorganic carbon-concentrating mechanism in cyanobacteria. Since this entire issue is dedicated to various aspects of this mechanism, we mainly discuss some of the recent studies in our laboratory and point to open questions and perspectives.Key words: CO 2 , cyanobacteria, inorganic carbon-concentrating mechanism, photosynthesis.
Comparisons of Letter Name and Letter Sound Training as Transfer Variables (1972)

What factors influence the acquisition of a reading vocabulary? Instructional variables which produce positive transfer to word recognition are not well understood, although they are widely manipulated in various reading programs. For example, programs based on a language experience approach assume that knowledge of word meanings facilitates word recognition. In contrast, certain basal reader programs appropriate early instructional time to learning letter names, while still other programs with a phonics base emphasize letter sounds as facilitators of later word recognition. The use of letter names as a transfer variable has strong correlational support. Dykstra (1970) reported that the best single predictor of reading achievement is knowledge of letter names (r = .45-.56). On the other hand, Samuels (1970) and Johnson (1970) in experimental studies failed to demonstrate that training in letter names facilitated either word recognition or end of year reading achievement. Nor is the evidence for transfer effects of instruction in letter sounds particularly strong. This variable has been isolated experimen-
Genetic and molecular studies of <i>apterous</i>: A gene implicated in the juvenile hormone system of <i>Drosophila</i> (1995)

The apterous (ap) gene in Drosophila melanogaster encodes a homeodomain transcription factor. It is required for the development of the wings and of a subset of embryonic muscles. The gene has been implicated in the juvenile hormone (JH) system because mutations in ap lead to JH deficiency, and are associated with defective histolysis of the larval fat body, arrested vitellogenesis, sterility, and aberrant sexual behavior, all of which are dependent on JH. We describe here the use of hemizygotes and germ-line clones, of X-ray- and hybrid dysgenesis-induced lethal ap alleles to determine the primary role of the gene during development. We find that ap lethality is polyphasic, but occurs primarily at the larval and pupal stages. The lethal phenotype is not associated with any overt morphological abnormality, suggesting that death occurs from a systemic malfunction. Strong interallelic complementation for the wing phenotype was found between some ap mutations induced by X-rays or by hybrid-dysgenesis. By Northern blot analysis, we demonstrate an increase in ap expression in pupae and adults as compared to embryos and larvae, suggesting that it is developmentally regulated. Finally, primer extension is used to determine the transcription start site of the gene.
[Orthotopic cardiac transplantation with caval anastomosis: a comparative randomized study with standard procedure in 81 cases]. (1996)

Complete resection of the right atrium with conservation of a strip of left atrium around the 4 pulmonary veins followed by direct anastomosis on the vena cava has recently been proposed as an alternative to the standard orthotopic cardiac transplantation described by Shumway and Lower. In order to determine whether this "anatomical" transplantation should now be considered to be the procedure of choice, a prospective randomised study was undertaken in 1991 including 78 patients undergoing 81 cardiac transplantations by one of the two techniques: gr. I: classical transplantation (n = 40), gr. II: "anatomical" transplantation (n = 41). The groups were comparable in age, sex, weight, nature of the underlying cardiac disease and clinical status at the time of transplantation. Similarly, the parameters of the donors were comparable with respect to age, sex, weight and dosage of inotropic drugs at the time of explantation. All patients came of cardiopulmonary bypass with comparable ischaemia time of the graft (gr. I: 136 +/- 46 min; gr. II: 138 +/- 51 min). Immediate return to sinus rhythm occurred in 20 cases in gr. I and 36 cases in gr. II. Atrial arrhythmia persisted in 5 cases in gr. I but in no cases of gr. II. These differences were very significant (p < 0.001). There were 13 early deaths in gr. I and 8 in gr. II. Doppler echocardiography was performed two to three months after transplantation. The right atrial surface was significantly decreased in gr. II (18 +/- 4.7 cm2) compared with gr. I (24 +/- 7 cm2): the same difference was observed for the left atrium (gr. I: 24 +/- 4.5 cm2; gr. II: 20 +/- 5 cm2), p = 0.001. Tricuspid regurgitation was observed in 82% of patients in gr. I compared with 57% in gr. II (p < 0.005). Exercise stress tests during the same period showed no difference in peak oxygen consumption between the groups. Holter ECG monitoring led to permanent pacing in 2 patients of gr. I (5%). The technical simplicity and reduction of postoperative morbidity, especially with respect to arrhythmias, suggest an advantage with the "anatomical" technique considering the lack of surgical complications.
Analysis of HLA class I genes with restriction endonuclease fragments: implications for polymorphism of the human major histocompatibility complex. (1983)

Cellular DNA from HLA-typed individuals was digested with the restriction endonucleases HindIII, EcoRV, and EcoRI. The separated restriction endonuclease fragments were hybridized with a HLA class I cDNA probe by using the Southern transfer technique. Digestion of cellular DNA with HindIII generated 22 restriction endonuclease fragments, 11 of which showed polymorphism for presence or absence in a population sample. With EcoRV, 13 fragments were identified; 6 showed polymorphism. EcoRI generated 11 fragments, of which 1 was polymorphic. Of these 18 polymorphic fragments generated by the three restriction endonucleases, each of 5 was found to be positively associated with one allele of the HLA-A or -B allelic series (HLA-Aw24, -B8, -B15, -Bw35, and -B40). One fragment was positively associated with two HLA-A series alleles (HLA-A1 and -A11). Another fragment was positively associated with five HLA-B series alleles (HLA-B5, -B7, -B14, -Bw16, and -Bw35) and one fragment was positively associated with alleles at two loci (HLA-B14 and -Cw5). The serologically defined allele HLA-Aw24 was associated with two polymorphic fragments, one association showing a positive correlation and the other a negative correlation. Each informative family studied thus far has shown segregation of the restriction fragment with the associated serologically defined allele. The fragments associated with serologically defined alleles occurred in the population sample studied at low or moderate frequencies. The remaining polymorphic fragments occur at high frequency, suggesting that class I genes not serologically detected show less polymorphism than serologically defined class I genes.