gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of human monocyte Fc receptor and HLA-DR antigen expression by pregnancy alpha-2 glycoprotein. (1981)

The precise factor responsible for the altered immunological reactivity and diminished inflammatory responses occurring in pregnancy is unknown. Recent observations implicate the pregnancy-associated alpha-2 glycoprotein (PAG). Using rosette assays for the detection of cells carrying Fc receptors and for the demonstration of surface HLA-DR antigens, we demonstrate that a serum protein fraction rich in PAG inhibits these surface markers on human monocytes. Brief exposure of normal peripheral blood monocytes to physiological concentrations of PAG led to almost total loss of Fc receptor expression, an effect that was concentration-related. Using a monoclonal anti-HLA-DR antibody linked to red cells, physiological concentrations of PAG also significantly inhibited the detection of HLA-DR on monocytes. As controls, we used a protein fraction isolated in identical fashion from male sera devoid of PAG, and an alpha-2 macroglobulin isolate. These findings suggest that PAG, by masking monocyte surface markers, could be responsible for the suppression of some cell functions during pregnancy.
Improved Enzymic Assay for Serum Formate with Colorimetric Endpoint (1986)

The fluorometric assay for formate in serum was modified by pretreating samples with acetonitrile (1:1) precipitation; substituting p-iodonitrotetrazolium violet (INT) for resazurin; and by combining the cofactor (NAD), coupled enzyme (diaphorase), and secondary substrate (INT) into one reagent. Formate is oxidized by formate dehydrogenase producing NADH which reduces INT via diaphorase to a visible red-colored endpoint that can be measured on a spectrophotometer at 500 nm. Previous problems with fluorometric endpoint methods are eliminated when using this modified procedure: calibration is linear rather than nonlinear; blanking is rarely needed due to the acetonitrile sample preparation; dynamic range is expanded up to 10-fold; a simple spectrometer rather than a fluorometer is used; and the number of steps is reduced. The method is demonstrated to be linear, specific, sensitive, precise, and accurate.
<i>Ixodes ricinus</i> tick salivary gland extract inhibits IL‐10 secretion and CD69 expression by mitogen‐stimulated murine splenocytes and induces hyporesponsiveness in B lymphocytes (2003)

Tick saliva contains immunosuppressive factors allowing this blood-feeding ectoparasite to remain on hosts and enhancing pathogen transmission. In this study, we examined the modulation of mitogen-induced activation of naive murine splenocytes by the saliva and salivary gland extract (SGE) of I. ricinus ticks. We found that saliva-specific factors reduced IL-10 production by both concanavalin A (ConA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated splenocytes. The LPS-induced IL-10 production is 10 times more sensitive to SGE than the ConA-induced IL-10 production. Flow cytometric analysis determined that SGE particularly inhibited B (B220+) cell IL-10 production in mitogen-stimulated splenocyte preparations. Moreover, SGE reduced the early activation marker CD69 expression on ConA-activated T cells and also on B cells in presence of ConA or LPS. Annexin V and Via-probe staining demonstrated that SGE did not increase cell death in activated splenocytes and slightly decreased apoptosis in B lymphocytes. By employing assays with isolated B cells, we further showed that SGE had a direct effect on B cells and inhibited LPS-induced B cell proliferation. Taken together, our results indicate that salivary immunomodulators induce hyporesponsiveness to mitogen in both T and B cells, and that a direct B-cell inhibitory activity is present in tick saliva.
The lead-chelating effects of substituted dithiocarbamates. (1990)

The effectiveness of certain substituted dithiocarbamates in mobilizing lead from preexposed rats was investigated. The animals received 10 mg Pb/kg/day, intragastrically, for 8 weeks and were treated thereafter with 400 mumol/kg, intraperitoneally, of morpholine dithiocarbamate, tetraammonium ethylenediamine diacetic acid dithiocarbamate (EDDTC), ammonium diethanolamine dithiocarbamate (ADDTC), sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, N-benzyl-D-glucamine dithiocarbamate (NBGDTC), or dimercaptosuccinic acid, daily for 5 days. All the chelating agents were effective in lowering the hepatic and renal burden of Pb. ADDTC, EDDTC, and NBGDTC were also able to lower the long bone Pb content. The lowering of Pb burden had no relationship to restoration of Pb-induced hematopoietic alterations. The relatively lower lipophilicity of substituted dithiocarbamates, owing to the presence of hydrophilic groups, seems to be advantageous in preventing passage of metal chelate into the brain. None of the substituted dithiocarbamates caused excessive excretion of urinary Cu and Zn. ADDTC and EDDTC appear to be promising in the management of Pb poisoning.
Nonclassical or Reactivation Chain Polymerization: A General Scheme of Polymerization (2001)

Since 1929, two major polymer growth processes, chain and step polymerizations, have been established in the theory of synthetic polymer chemistry. Here, a new integrated model of polymerization is presented: the nonclassical or reactivation chain polymerization. In this model polymer growth involves chemical, physical, or biological reactivation of a dormant chain and subsequent reaction of the reactivated chain with incoming monomers to yield a new dormant chain of higher molecular weight. The process has been demonstrated with oxidative polymerization of aniline, living radical polymerization, and biosynthesis of nucleic acids and proteins. The application of the new theory is exemplified by the synthesis of aniline oligomers with controllable molecular weight and end groups as well as narrow molecular weight distribution.
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Breast Cancer (2016)

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and distant site metastasis is the main cause of death in breast cancer patients. There is increasing evidence supporting the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumor cell progression, invasion, and metastasis. During the process of EMT, epithelial cancer cells acquire molecular alternations that facilitate the loss of epithelial features and gain of mesenchymal phenotype. Such transformation promotes cancer cell migration and invasion. Moreover, emerging evidence suggests that EMT is associated with the increased enrichment of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) and these CSCs display mesenchymal characteristics that are resistant to chemotherapy and target therapy. However, the clinical relevance of EMT in human cancer is still under debate. This review will provide an overview of current evidence of EMT from studies using clinical human breast cancer tissues and its associated challenges.
Orígenes del reconocimiento constitucional de los derechos humanos: Defensor civitatis y medio ambiente (2015)

espanolCon la realizacion del presente trabajo, pretendemos investigar cuales son los antecedentes historicos que conforman los derechos humanos y fundamentales reconocidos actualmente en nuestra Constitucion espanola de 1978. En este sentido, tomaremos como punto de partida el origen y evolucion hasta la Roma postclasica de la proteccion legal otorgada por el defensor civitatis, esto es, aquel defensor de la plebe cuya mision principal fue la tutela de los derechos de los ciudadanos romanos mas desfavorecidos. Prestando, especial atencion, al medio ambiente como bien juridico protegido desde la Antiguedad hasta nuestra Constitucion espanola (articulo 45). EnglishWith the completion of this work, we try to investigate which is the historical background that conform the human and fundamental rights currently recognized in our spanish Constitution of 1978. In this sense, we take as reference the origin and evolution to postclassical Rome of the legal protection granted by defensor civitatis, that is, that defender of the plebs whose main mission was the tutelage the rights of the most disadvantaged roman citizens. Paying, special attention, to the environment as legally protected since Antiquity until our spanish Constitution (article 45).
Reverse routing: an alternative to MIP and ROMIP protocols (2003)

In this paper, we introduce two innovations to support mobile IP. First, we present a new routing scheme called reverse routing as an alternative to the current standard-track MIP and ROMIP protocols. Reverse routing retains simplicity of the MIP protocol and direct routing of the ROMIP protocol. At the same time, it eliminates inefficiency of the MIP and complexity of the ROMIP. Secondly, we present address switching as a new method to update the routing table. Address switching uses a one-step table lookup, which is far more efficient than the two-step table lookup in MIP and ROMIP. Address switching makes IP encapsulation used by MIP and ROMIP obsolete, and therefore it eliminates all the drawbacks associated with IP encapsulation.
Atomistic simulation for the size effect on the mechanical properties of Ni/Ni3Al nanowire (2013)

The size dependence of the mechanical properties of Ni/Ni3Al nanowires (NWs) was investigated with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results indicated that the surface energy σ increased, and bulk modulus B and B/G ratio decreased with increasing the inverse of the nanowire perimeter of the NWs. The extrapolated values of surface energy σ0 were 2.100 J/m2 and 1.956 J/m2 for the samples with surface atoms of pure Ni atoms and mixture of Ni and Al atoms, respectively. The size dependence of the bulk modulus was in good agreement with the prediction of the Birch-Murnaghan equation and the surface shell softening the bulk modulus. Finally, the B/G ratio indicated that the ductility/brittleness behaviors of the NWs depended mainly on the energy distributions of the surface shell, and the mechanisms of the ductility/brittleness of the NWs were studied in detail.
Amperometric Detection of Lactose Using β-Galactosidase Immobilized in Layer-by-Layer Films (2014)

A direct, low-cost method to determine the concentration of lactose is an important goal with possible impact in various types of industry. In this study, a biosensor is reported that exploits the specific interaction between lactose and the enzyme β-galactosidase (β-Gal) normally employed to process lactose into glucose and galactose for lactose-intolerant people. The biosensor was made with β-Gal immobilized in layer-by-layer (LbL) films with the polyelectrolyte poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) and poly(vinyl sufonate) (PVS) on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode modified with a layer of Prussian Blue (PB). With an ITO/PB/(PEI/PVS)1(PEI/β-Gal)30 architecture, lactose could be determined with an amperometric method with sensitivity of 0.31 μA mmol(-1) cm(-2) and detection limit of 1.13 mmol L(-1), which is sufficient for detecting lactose in milk and for clinical exams. Detection occurred via a cascade reaction involving glucose oxidase titrated as electrolytic solution in the electrochemical cell, while PB allowed for operation at 0.0 V versus saturated calomel electrode, thus avoiding effects from interfering species. Sum-frequency generation spectroscopy data for the interface between the LbL film and a buffer containing lactose indicated that β-Gal lost order, which is the first demonstration of structural effects induced by the molecular recognition interaction with lactose.
Flips of moduli spaces and transition formulas for Donaldson polynomial invariants of rational surfaces (1995)

In These invariants have also been defined for 4-manifolds with fcj" = 1 in In this case, however, they depend on an additional piece of information, namely a chamber defined on the positive cone of H 2 {X\ E) by a certain locally finite set of walls. Explicitly, let X be a simply connected, oriented, and closed smooth 4-manifold with b^ = 1 where b^ is the number of positive eigenvalues of the quadratic form qx when diagonalized over R. Let nx = {xeH 2 (x,R) |z 2 >o} be the positive cone. Fix a class A in H 2 (X, Z) and an integer c such that d = 4c -A 2 -3 is nonnegative. A wall of type (A, c) is a nonempty hyperplane:
Tutorial (2014)

In this special session, attendees learn about techniques of teaching with team projects with Alice 3's new Save Type, Import Type, and Merge capabilities. Using this technique, students in introductory level programming courses can participate in team projects where students work as a team in various stages of design, development, and testing. As part of this process students may work independently to code one or more classes and then merge their work with that of other members of the team to create the final project.
Detection of enterovirus and hepatitis A virus RNA in mussels (<i>Mytilus</i>spp.) by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (2001)

The described method is effective for the detection of enteric viruses in mussels by RT-PCR. The use of Purescripttrade mark RNA isolation makes the method faster, safer and very easy to perform.
Microemulsions (1988)

Water and oil can be made completely miscible by adding a sufficient amount of an amphiphilic compound, such as soap or a detergent. For historical reasons, such stable homogeneous solutions are called "microemulsions." In this article the term microemulsion is used in a more restrictive manner; at low concentrations of the amphiphile, mixtures of water, nonpolar solvents, and amphiphiles may separate into three coexisting liquid layers, namely, an aqueous phase, an amphiphile-rich phase, and an oil-rich phase. In the amphiphile-rich phase, which is the microemulsion in the narrower sense, one finds for thermodynamic reasons a maximum of the mutual solubility between water and oil, combined with a minimum of the interfacial tension between the aqueous and the oil-rich phase, properties that are of interest for both theory and application. The present state of art in this rapidly growing field of science is reviewed.
Edge-Preserving and Peak-Preserving Smoothing (1992)

An alternative procedure is developed to the smoothed linear fitting method of McDonald and Owen. The procedure is based on the detection of discontinuities by comparing, at any given position, three smooth fits. Diagnostics are used to detect discontinuities in the regression function itself (edge detection) or in its first derivative (peak detection). An application in electron microscopy is discussed.
Implant damage and gate-oxide-edge effects on product reliability (2005)

This work investigated the effects of thin-gate oxide edge damage on logic product reliability. For this, we used different poly profiles to quantify the thin-gate oxide edge damage. Device/Process simulation was also conducted to explain the interaction of implant and poly shape with the gate oxide reliability. Poly with foot showed degraded oxide reliability, because it allows high-energy implant to penetrate through the edge of the gate oxide causing oxide damage and hence failures during product burn-in. The problem is more pronounced on nMOST due to its stronger sensitivity to the voltage stress and the specific implant species as compared to pMOST. Circuit simulation was also conducted to characterize the circuit sensitivity on oxide leakage and to explain the observed product burn-in fallout.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA SOILS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO SOIL CHARACTERISTICS (1965)

The relationship of organic phosphorus content to a number of chemical properties was studied in the surface horizons of 38 soils of six different soil orders in British Columbia.The concentration of organic P ranged from 1.8 to 77.7% of the total P with amounts varying from 21 to 802 p.p.m. The forested soils of the Podzolic and Brunisolic Orders contained the least organic P. However, the wide range in organic P content within some soil orders indicated that its distribution was not entirely characteristic of the soil order.Simple correlation studies between organic P and nitrogen, carbon, pH, per cent base saturation, total P, and free iron in all soils before assigning them to groups indicated that only nitrogen and carbon were significantly related to organic P. Significant relationships between the other variables and organic P were restricted to specific soil orders. The organic P content has been found to be primarily dependent on nitrogen and pH, since the inclusion of the other independent variables in the multiple regression did not significantly change the coefficient of determination.The range of C/organic P and N/organic P ratios for the 38 samples was between 46 and 648 and 5.5 to 57.6 respectively. Soil pH was the only variable studied which could account for the wide variation of these ratios.
The effects of some additives on the microflora of silage (1981)

Abstract The microflora of experimental batches of grass silage treated with formaldehyde, with formaldehyde plus formic acid, or with sodium benzoate and held at a constant temperature of 20°C was examined during fermentation and after exposure to air. The formaldehyde treatments inhibited the development of lactobacilli during fermentation but their biocidal effect did not persist and on exposure to air microbial numbers increased and the pH of the silages rose at a similar rate to that in untreated silage. Treatment with sodium benzoate had little effect on fermentation but its biostatic, particularly fungistatic, activity persisted through 17 days of exposure to air during which the pH did not rise and fungal numbers remained low. The yeast flora of all treatments was predominantly of fermenting species similar to that found in stack silages but the mould flora, of Geotrichum candidum, Mucor spp. and Penicillium spp., was dissimilar and could be related to the lack of heating in the experimental silages.
Automatic hand or head gesture interface for individuals with motor impairments, senior citizens and young children (2009)

Senior citizens, very young children and users with different kinds of impairments are often prevented from enjoying the benefits of latest technologies for assistance, accessibility and usability, often due to unfriendly or expensive interfaces. We present a friendly and inexpensive system that allows one to interact with a computer, using only a few distinct but intuitive gestures which are translated into mouse actions. The gestures can be carried out by the head or by the hand, which are automatically selected, without any kind of prior calibration or special environment. For each kind of user a different frontend is presented, adapted to specific needs, nevertheless access to all the functionalities of the operating systems can be given if requested.
Derivatives of acetoacetic acid. Part VI. A synthesis of 1 : 3-oxazine derivatives employing diketen (1954)

R. N. Lacey, J. Chem. Soc., 1954, 845 DOI: 10.1039/JR9540000845
A linear systolic array for the 2-D discrete cosine transform (2002)

In this paper, we propose a linear systolic array of N basic cells (including 2N multipliers) for computing the two-dimensional (2-D) N/spl times/N-point discrete cosine transform (DCT). The array is based on the row-column decomposition but involves no matrix transposition problems. The proposed architecture is highly regular, modular, and thus very suitable for VLSI implementation. Also, it has an efficiency of 100 percent and a throughput of one N/spl times/N-point transform per N/sup 2/ cycles. As compared to existing array structures for the 2-D DCT, the proposed one achieves lower or the same area-time complexity with better regularity. Without change in circuit design, it can be directly used to compute the 2-D N/spl times/N-point inverse DCT and other discrete sinusoidal transforms, such as the discrete sine transform and the discrete Hartley transform. By using the GENESIL CAD tool we design a prototype chip of the proposed linear array for the 8/spl times/8-point DCT in a 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. The chip requires a die size of about 6.95 mm/spl times/6.9 mm (including 108363 transistors) and is able to operate at a clock rate up to 33 MHz.
Internet-based management and consumption of digital assets (2011)

The selling and buying of digital products via Internet not only saves business cost and time, but also makes it possible for us to control the usage of media remotely by the interaction between the client and server. The digital content is encrypted and packed with the client controller program into an all-in-one package. When the client opens the package, controller program starts to run, accessing server to fetch content decryption key and informing the server the status of player. Since the unique PC hardware fingerprint is registered on the server via Internet at media purchase stage, only the same computer can pass the identity authentication. In this way, we bind one specific digital asset with a specific client device, preventing the media from abuse.
Fatal Neisseria (Branhamella) catarrhalis pneumonia in an immunodeficient host. (1976)

A 64-year-old man with far-advanced IgA multiple myeloma presented with fulminant and rapidly fatal bronchopneumonia. Gram stains of expectorated sputum and of transtracheal aspirate revealed gram-negative intracellular and extracellular diplococci. Cultures of these specimens yielded Neisseria catarrhalis. Subsequent histologic examination of the lung confirmed the presence of numerous gram-negative diplococci in the alveolar spaces. The pathogenic potential of this nasopharyngeal commensal is discussed in both the normal and the immunosuppressed host.
Widely linear estimation technique based on circularity for I/Q imbalance compensation in low-IF receivers (2014)

Compared with super-heterodyne architecture, one of the advantages of the low-IF receiver is that the image rejection is realized by I/Q signal processing instead of a fixed analog filter, making it highly integration, flexibility and cost-efficient. However, unavoidable imbalances between the I-branch and Q-branch lead to insufficient image attenuation which must be enhanced by using additional analog or digital signal processing. This paper proposes and analyzes a blind I/Q imbalance compensation scheme based on widely linear estimation technique, utilizing a property of the ideal IF signal called circular. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that it can efficiently compensate for I/Q imbalance.
Ferreting out the secrets of plant ferritin ‐ A review (1982)

Abstract Ferritin is present in almost all species and was detected in many cells, mainly in tissues not associated with full photosynthetic activity and throughout the plant life cycle. It is quite interesting that phytoferritin from an algal source has not been reported except soms initial short, indirect evidence on its presence in algae (Abadi and Dubois‐Tylski 1974). Unicells of algae, prokaryotic or eukaryotic. may have a great advantage in the study of ferritin synthesis. In such systems we deal with one independent cell without the involvement of any adjacent tissue, and its botanical function resembles the higher ferritin containing plant cell. Ferritin clusters deposited in plastidal stroma are classified into four categories: F‐l, amorphous, close packed particles; F‐2, scattered macromolecules; F‐3, paracrystalline and F‐4, crystalline array. The main functions of plant ferritin are: as an iron storeroom in a nontoxic form, for sequestering the cellular extra lethal iron in a safe buffered form, and the mobilization of iron to requested sites. Aspects of iron and ferritin mobilization in plant vascular tissues have been presented. There are still several open questions concerning the assembly and function of ferritin molecules in plants. It is hoped that future studies will answer some of these questions.