gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of naftifine and terbinafine, two allylamine antifungal drugs, on selected functions of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (1994)

Many antimycotic agents negatively affect the natural immune response. Typically, these drugs impair polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) production of superoxide anion, chemotaxis, or the killing of pathogens. Allylamines are a new class of antimycotic compounds with a new mechanism of antifungal action, i.e., inhibition of the fungal squalene epoxidase. The trial that we describe aimed to evaluate the effects of two allylamines, terbinafine and naftifine, on selected functions of PMNs, i.e., superoxide anion production, chemotaxis, and killing of Candida albicans blastospores. Terbinafine and naftifine on their own did not affect superoxide anion production when they were added to PMNs. When PMNs were preincubated with allylamines and were then stimulated by N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, superoxide anion production was increased (priming effect). Since intracellular free calcium (Ca2+i) is involved in the control of superoxide anion production, we evaluated the effects of the allylamines on the Ca2+i concentration ([Ca2+]i). In the presence of terbinafine or naftifine, the [Ca2+]i increased in a dose-dependent manner; the source of Ca2+i was not extracellular since it was not affected by extracellular calcium chelation with ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid. In the presence of terbinafine or naftifine, chemotaxis of PMNs was not impaired. Terbinafine and naftifine slightly but significantly increased the killing of C. albicans blastospores (P < 0.05 at 10 and 100 microM). In conclusion, in contrast to imidazole-like drugs, the allylamine antimycotic compounds terbinafine and naftifine enhance selected functions of PMNs.
The Decarbonylation of Formic Acid by Ruthenium(II) Chloride<sup>1</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Decarbonylation of Formic Acid by Ruthenium(II) Chloride1Jack Halpern and Anthony L. W. KempCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 22, 5147–5150Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00974a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00974a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views359Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of 3-mercaptopicolinic acid on gluconeogenesis and gluconeogenic metabolite concentrations in the isolated perfused rat liver (1975)

3-Mercaptopicolinic acid inhibited gluconeogenesis from lactate and alanine, but not dihydroxyacetone, in the perfused rat liver. Hepatic metabolite concentrations suggested that gluconeogenesis was inhibited at phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. The compound is very effective at low concentrations, and seems an ideal agent for use in studying metabolic regulation involving gluconeogenesis and anaplerotic mechanisms.
CEA Determination in the Follow-Up of Extracolorectal Neoplasms (1992)

CEA was initially described as a tumor and organ specific colorectal antigen, but later found by more sensitive methods in other tumors (stomach, pancreas, lung, breast) and in minor amounts in inflammatory, normal adult and fetal organs of the gastrointestinal tract. The main clinical application of CEA concerns its pretherapeutic and serial determination as circulating antigen in serum and other body fluids by means of CEA-specific, commercially available test kits. By clinical studies a significant correlation has been proven between the pretherapeutic serum CEA level and tumor stages and prognosis. Moreover, serial CEA level changes have been shown a valuable monitor following operation or during radio/chemotherapy anticipating and reflecting the clinical course of disease. In combination with newly established tumor markers, the main clinical indication for CEA determination in addition to colorectal cancer concerns monitoring of patients with stomach (+CA 72-4), lung (+NSE/SCC) and breast cancer (+CA 15-3/MCA).
The Chromatin Structure of the Long Control Region of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Represses Viral Oncoprotein Expression (1999)

The long control region (LCR) of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) has a size of 850 bp (about 12% of the viral genome) and regulates transcription and replication of the viral DNA. The 5' segment of the LCR contains transcription termination signals and a nuclear matrix attachment region, the central segment contains an epithelial cell-specific enhancer, and the 3' segment contains the replication origin and the E6 promoter. Here we report observations on the chromatin organization of this part of the HPV-16 genome. Treatment of the nuclei of CaSki cells, a cell line with 500 intrachromosomal copies of HPV-16, with methidiumpropyl-EDTA-Fe(II) reveals nucleosomes in specific positions on the LCR and the E6 and E7 genes. One of these nucleosomes, which we termed Ne, overlaps with the center of the viral enhancer, while a second nucleosome, Np16, overlaps with the replication origin and the E6 promoter. The two nucleosomes become positioned on exactly the same segments after in vitro assembly of chromatin on the cloned HPV-16 LCR. Primer extension mapping of DNase I-cleaved chromatin revealed Np16 to be positioned centrally over E6 promoter elements, extending into the replication origin. Ne covers the center of the enhancer but leaves an AP-1 site, one of the strongest cis-responsive elements of the enhancer, unprotected. Np16, or a combination of Np16 and Ne, represses the activity of the E6 promoter during in vitro transcription of HPV-16 chromatin. Repression is relieved by addition of Sp1 and AP-1 transcription factors. Sp1 alters the structure of Np16 in vitro, while no changes can be observed during the binding of AP-1. HPV-18, which has a similar arrangement of cis-responsive elements despite its evolutionary divergence from HPV-16, shows specific assembly in vitro of a nucleosome, Np18, over the E1 binding site and E6 promoter elements but positioned about 90 bp 5' of the position of Np16 on the homologous HPV-16 sequences. The chromatin organization of the HPV-16 and HPV-18 genomes suggests important regulatory roles of nucleosomes during the viral life cycle.
ac field enhanced protein crystallization (2008)

Uniform and nonuniform ac electric fields sustained by internal microfabricated electrodes are shown to sensitively affect protein crystallization by reducing the number of nucleation sites and enhancing the quality of the crystals formed. Under conditions when massive spontaneous nucleation occurs, a properly tuned ac field can desolvate the protein molecules to form a gel matrix with only a few nucleation sites. A dielectrophoretic force generated by the nonuniform ac field further consolidates these crystallites. Upon field removal, the gel transforms into crystals around these nucleation sites to form high-quality large crystals.
Hole transport theory in pseudomorphic<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Si</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ge</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>alloys grown on Si(001) substrates (1990)

The physics of hole transport in pseudomorphic ${\mathrm{Si}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Ge}}_{\mathrm{x}}$/Si(001) is investigated by Monte Carlo simulation. The Monte Carlo method developed in this work takes into account several aspects of the strained p-type system which qualitatively distinguish it from an n-type system. (1) The valence-band system is described with use of a three-band k\ensuremath{\cdot}p method which gives an accurate representation of the strongly coupled heavy-hole, light-hole, and split-off--hole states. (2) The valence-band deformation-potential theory is used to determine both the strain effects on the band structure and the hole-phonon scattering rates in both strained and unstrained materials. (3) The scattering rates are anisotropic, depending upon the direction of flight and are calculated on a mesh which exploits the symmetry of the system. (4) The postscattering states are determined from a probability distribution which depends not only on the scattering angle, but also upon the initial direction of flight. The Monte Carlo method is used to make a detailed study of the effect of strain and alloying on hole transport in lightly doped pseudomorphic ${\mathrm{Si}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Ge}}_{\mathrm{x}}$ (0\ensuremath{\le}x<=0.4) grown on Si(001), subjected to electric fields in the range of 1--20 kV/cm, at 300 K. The scattering mechanisms considered are: alloy scattering, acoustic-phonon scattering, and both Si-Si and Ge-Ge optical-phonon scattering. Each of these mechanisms can drive both intraband and interband scattering within and between all of the top three valence bands. The combined effects of strain and alloying are found to produce a monotonic increase in hole mobility and temperature, which at the highest Ge content alloy studied, ${\mathrm{Si}}_{0.6}$${\mathrm{Ge}}_{0.4}$/Si(001), are comparable to the hole mobility and temperature in bulk Ge. A slightly greater carrier velocity is found for in-plane transport than for perpendicular transport.
Enhanced power-saving mechanism for broadcast and multicast service in WLAN (2005)

When a WLAN station has low battery-power, a normal power-saving mechanism is not desirable and sparse wake-up should be used. In that case, the station cannot remain awake throughout every delivery-traffic-indication-message (DTIM) interval, which results in the loss of broadcast and multicast packets. In this letter, we propose a double-buffering power-saving mechanism for stations with low battery power. Broadcast and multicast packets can be delivered to stations with low battery power more reliably with the new scheme.
Asymmetric deprotonation: a new route to chiral compounds (1986)

N. S. Simpkins, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1986, 88 DOI: 10.1039/C39860000088
Debug Support for Model-Based GUI Testing (2010)

The fact that model-based testing has not yet attained a high rate of adoption in industry can in part be attributed to the perceived difficulty of debugging long error traces often produced by the online version of this technology. Given the extensive manual labor commonly involved in the debugging phase, automating parts of this process could yield considerable productivity benefits. This paper presents viable debugging strategies applicable in model-based graphical user interface testing, from which two methods were refined and experimented with. The first is based on superimposing log-derived, synchronized subtitles on recorded test run footage, while the second addresses error trace shortening. The results obtained from applying these methods in real-life case studies demonstrate the practical utility of these methods.
The Chinese Hamster Dihydrofolate Reductase Replication Origin Decision Point Follows Activation of Transcription and Suppresses Initiation of Replication within Transcription Units (2006)

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells select specific replication origin sites within the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) locus at a discrete point during G1 phase, the origin decision point (ODP). Origin selection is sensitive to transcription but not protein synthesis inhibitors, implicating a pretranslational role for transcription in origin specification. We have constructed a DNA array covering 121 kb surrounding the DHFR locus, to comprehensively investigate replication initiation and transcription in this region. When nuclei isolated within the first 3 h of G1 phase were stimulated to initiate replication in Xenopus egg extracts, replication initiated without any detectable preference for specific sites. At the ODP, initiation became suppressed from within the Msh3, DHFR, and 2BE2121 transcription units. Active transcription was mostly confined to these transcription units, and inhibition of transcription by alpha-amanitin resulted in the initiation of replication within transcription units, indicating that transcription is necessary to limit initiation events to the intergenic region. However, the resumption of DHFR transcription after mitosis took place prior to the ODP and so is not on its own sufficient to suppress initiation of replication. Together, these results demonstrate a remarkable flexibility in sequence selection for initiating replication and implicate transcription as one important component of origin specification at the ODP.
Corporate governance reform in East Asia (2002)

Asks the question: how can we enhance corporate governance practices in East Asia? To address this question, reviews recent research findings that have greatly enhanced our understanding of corporate governance practices in East Asian jurisdictions. Concludes by examining three areas of reform. First, investor protection may require radical changes to law and the enforcement of such laws. Second, market‐based changes, which do not require legal reform per se. Finally, observes that corporate governance may be enhanced through the use of mid‐1990s techniques of strategic management in national planning for capital market development.
An optimized ATM-PON based FTTH access network (2002)

This paper describes an optimized ATM-PON based FTTH access network to provide residential subscribers with full services. The FTTH (fiber to the home) is a final target to support voice, data and video communication to and from the home. Up to now, a major obstacle to the deployment of FTTH has been the expensive cost of the optical module and fiber. The PON (passive optical network) architecture provides a common platform towards achieving a cost effective optical access network including FTTH. In addition, the ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) is the basic transport mechanism of the B-ISDN (broadband integrated services digital network) which offers flexibility in terms of service transparency and bandwidth allocation. We propose an optimized architecture of an ATM-PON based FTTH access network to provide residential subscribers with full services economically.
Dynamic modelling and prediction of English Football League matches for betting (2002)

We focus on modelling the 92 soccer teams in the English Football Association League over the years 1992–1997 using refinements of the independent Poisson model of Dixon and Coles. Our framework assumes that each team has attack and defence strengths that evolve through time (rather than remaining constant) according to some unobserved bivariate stochastic process. Estimation of the teams' attack and defence capabilities is undertaken via a novel approach involving an approximation that is computationally convenient and fast. The results of this approximation compare very favourably with results obtained through the Dixon and Coles approach. We note that the full model (i.e. the model before the above approximation is made) may be implemented using Markov chain Monte Carlo procedures, and that this approach is vastly more computationally expensive. We focus on the probabilities of home win, draw or away win because these outcomes constitute the primary betting market. These probabilities are estimated for games played between any two of the 92 teams and the predictions are compared with the actual results.
Dynamic Graphics for Statistics (1990)

Dynamic Graphics for Data Analysis, Richard A. Becker, William S. Cleveland, and Allan R. Wilks Some Approaches to Interactive Statistical Graphics. PRIM-9: an Interactive Multidimensional Data Display, D.F. Andrews, E.B. Fowlkes, and P.A. Tukey Kinematic Display of Multivariate Data, D.L. Donoho, P.J. Huber, E. Ramos, and H.M. Thoma An Introduction to Real Time Graphical Techniques for Analyzing Multivariate Data, Mary Anne Fisherkeller, Jerome H. Friedman, and John W. Tukey Control and Stash Philosophy for Two-Handed, Flexible, and Immediate Control of a Graphic Display, John W. Tukey Orion I: Interactive Graphics for Data Analysis, John Alan McDonald Brushing Scatterplots, Richard A. Becker and William S. Cleveland Plot Windows, Werner Stuetzle The Use of Brushing and Rotation for Data Analysis, Richard A. Becker, William S. Cleveland, and Gerald Weil Elements of a Viewing Pipeline for Data Analysis, Andreas Buja, Daniel Asminov, Catherine Hurley, and Joh A. McDonald EXPLOR4: A Program for Exploring Four-Dimensional Data Using Stereo-Ray Glyphs, Dimensional Constraints, Rotation, and Masking, D.B. Carr and W.L. Nicholson MACSPIN: Dynamic Graphics on a Desktop Computer, Andrew W. Donoho, David L. Donoho, and Miriam Gasko The Application of Depth Separation to the Display of Large Data Sets, Thomas V. Papathomas and Bela Julesz A High Performance Color Graphics Facility for Exploring Multivariate Data, C. Ming Wand and Harold W. Gugel Dynamic Graphics for Exploring Multivariate Data, Forrest W. Young, Douglas P. Kent, and Warren F. Kuhfeld
Adjuvant Effect of Quillaja saponaria Saponin (QSS) on Protective Efficacy and IgM Generation in Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) upon Immersion Vaccination (2016)

The adjuvant effect of Quillaja saponaria saponin (QSS) on protection of turbot fry was investigated with immersion vaccination of formalin-killed Vibrio anguillarum O1 and various concentrations of QSS (5, 25, 45 and 65 mg/L). Fish were challenged at days 7, 14 and 28 post-vaccination. Significantly high relative percent of survival (RPS) ((59.1 ± 13.6)%, (81.7 ± 8.2)%, (77.8 ± 9.6)%) were recorded in the fish that received bacterins immersion with QSS at 45 mg/L, which is comparable to the positive control group vaccinated by intraperitoneal injection (IP). Moreover, a remarkably higher serum antibody titer was also demonstrated after 28 days in the vaccinated fish with QSS (45 mg/L) than those vaccinated fish without QSS (p < 0.05), but lower than the IP immunized fish (p < 0.05). Significant upregulation of IgM gene expression has also been identified in the tissues of skin, gill, spleen and kidney from the immunized fish in comparison to the control fish. Taken together, the present study indicated that QSS was able to dramatically evoke systemic and mucosal immune responses in immunized fish. Therefore, QSS might be a promising adjuvant candidate for fish vaccination via an immersion administering route.
Likert Pain Score Modeling: A Markov Integer Model and an Autoregressive Continuous Model (2012)

Pain intensity is principally assessed using rating scales such as the 11-point Likert scale. In general, frequent pain assessments are serially correlated and underdispersed. The aim of this investigation was to develop population models adapted to fit the 11-point pain scale. Daily Likert scores were recorded over 18 weeks by 231 patients with neuropathic pain from a clinical trial placebo group. An integer model consisting of a truncated generalized Poisson (GP) distribution with Markovian transition probability inflation was implemented in NONMEM 7.1.0. It was compared to a logit-transformed autoregressive continuous model with correlated residual errors. In both models, the score baseline was estimated to be 6.2 and the placebo effect to be 19%. Developed models similarly retrieved consistent underlying features of the data and therefore correspond to platform models for drug effect detection. The integer model was complex but flexible, whereas the continuous model can more easily be developed, although requires longer runtimes.
Generating neutrino mass in the 3-3-1 model (2001)

A mechanism for generating small tree-level Majorana mass for neutrinos is implemented in the 3-3-1 model. No additional fermions or scalars need to be added, and no mass scale greater than a few TeV is invoked.
The Legal Regulation of Armaments and the Control of Force (1972)

Any discussion of the legal regulation of armaments and the control of force must begin with an analysis of the strength of international legal institutions as they are now developed.Such an analysis must be directed to the question of whether those legal institutions are strong enough to deal with the problems of national security implicit in any attempt to regulate armaments and control force.A good start can be made by examining one of our oldest international legal institutions, the treaty or international agreement.As a part of this analysis it might be advisable to analyze the negotiations that led to article IV of the Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water (Limited Test Ban Treaty).'When the U.S. Delegation, headed by Governor Harriman, arrived in Moscow in July 1963 to work out a limited test ban on nuclear weapons, there were two draft treaties before the negotiators for discussion.The U.S. draft was very similar in its
Ultrawideband printed antenna array for 60 GHz frequency range (2002)

The paper presents a two-dimensional ultrawideband printed antenna array of 64 pentagonal dipoles operating in the 60 GHz range. The shape and dimensions of the dipoles are optimized to obtain as wide as possible bandwidth. The bandwidth is greater than 30%, gain is between 22 dB and 23.5 dB, sidelobe suppression is better than 10 dB, and cross-polarization suppression greater than 35 dB.