gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimizing memory system performance for communication in parallel computers (1995)

Communication in a parallel system frequently involves moving data from the memory of one node to the memory of another; this is the standard communication model employed in message passing systems. Depending on the application, we observe a variety of patterns as part of communication steps, e.g., regular (i.e. blocks of data), strided, or irregular (indexed) memory accesses. The effective speed of these communication steps is determined by the network bandwidth and the memory bandwidth, and measurements on current parallel supercomputers indicate that the performance is limited by the memory bandwidth rather than the network bandwidth.Current systems provide a wealth of options to perform communication, and a compiler or user is faced with the difficulty of finding the communication operations that best use the available memory and network bandwidth. This paper provides a framework to evaluate different solutions for inter-node communication and presents the copy-transfer model; this model captures the contributions of the memory system to inter-node communication. We demonstrate the usefulness of this simple model by applying it to two commercial parallel systems, the Cray T3D and the Intel Paragon.In particular we identify two methods to transfer data between nodes in these two machines. In buffer-packing transfers, a contiguous block of data is transferred across the network. If the data are not stored contiguously, they are copied to (gathering) or from (scattering) buffers in local memory before and after the transfer. Chained transfers perform gathering, transfer and scattering in one step, reading the data elements with some non-sequential pattern and immediately transferring them on to the destination.Our model and measurements indicate that chaining of the gather, transfer, and scatter operations results in better performance than buffer packing for many important access patterns. Most standard message passing libraries (like MPI, PVM or NX) force the parallelizing compiler (or the programmer) to employ the buffer-packing communication operations. However, the addition of hardware support dedicated to communication (e.g., DMAs, line-transfer units) now gives the compiler a wider range of options.
Realistic rendering in mobile augmented reality (2016)

Augmented Reality (AR)-Applikationen kombinieren eine Sicht auf eine Echtweltumgebung mit computergenerierten Objekten in Echtzeit. Je nach AR-Applikation ist es wünschenswert, die visuelle Kohärenz der computergenerierten Bilder zu den Bildern aus der echten Welt zu maximieren. Um dies zu erreichen, müssen die virtuellen Objekte so realistisch wie möglich gerendert werden. In dieser Diplomarbeit wird eine bildbasierte Beleuchtungsmethode (image-based lighting (IBL)) präsentiert, um virtuelle Objekte auf mobilen Geräten mit Beleuchtungsinformationen aus der echten Welt realistisch zu rendern. Die präsentierte Technik nutzt im ersten Schritt die Kamera und die Bewegungssensoren eines mobilen Gerätes, um ein omnidirektionales Bild der Umgebung mit hohem Dynamikumfang (high dynamic range (HDR)) aufzunehmen und in einer Environment-Map zu speichern. Im zweiten Schritt wird diese aufgenommene Environment-Map für das Rendering mit unterschiedlichen Materialien vorbereitet, indem mehrere Varianten der ursprünglichen Environment-Map berechnet werden, die je nach Material zum Rendern ausgewählt werden. Die Map, welche diffuse Beleuchtungsinformationen beinhaltet, heißt Irradiance-Map und die Maps, die spiegelnde oder glänzende Beleuchtungsinformationen beinhalten, werden Reflection-Maps genannt. Die Berechnung dieser Maps entspricht einer gewichteten Faltung nach einem bestimmten Beleuchtungsmodell, wobei die korrekte Menge an einfallendem Licht aus allen Richtungen in die Berechnungen miteinbezogen wird. Wie diese Berechnungen effizient auf mobilen Geräten durchgeführt werden können ist der Hauptbeitrag dieser Diplomarbeit. Es werden mehrere Herangehensweisen zur Durchführung dieser Berechnungen präsentiert, deren Eigenschaften, Resultate, Stärken und Schwächen werden analysiert sowie Optimierungen beschrieben. Wir beschreiben drei verschiedene Methoden zur Berechnung der Irradiance- und Reflection Maps und beschreiben diese detailiert: Die akkurate Berechnung, eine MIP-Mapping basierte Approximation, sowie eine Berechnung im Frequenzbereich basierend auf Spherical Harmonics (SH). Wir beschreiben detailiert die Implementierungen, präsentieren Analysen und diskutieren jede dieser drei Methoden hinsichtlich ihrer Eigenschaften und Beschränkungen im Hinblick auf mobile Geräte. Des Weiteren wird beschrieben, wie die berechneten Maps in IBL-Rendering genutzt und mit gängigen Echtzeit-Renderingeffekten kombiniert werden können, um eine hohe visuelle Kohärenz von virtuellen Objekten in AR-Szenen zu erreichen. Das wichtigste Novum dieser Diplomarbeit ist der Fokus auf die Möglichkeiten von mobilen Geräten und die Eigenschaft, dass alle Schritte auf einem einzigen handelsüblichen mobilen Gerät durchgeführt werden können: vom Aufnehmen der Environment-Map an einem bestimmten Punkt im Raum, über die Berechnung der Irradiance- und Reflection-Maps, bis hin zum Rendern der virtuellen Objekte mit den berechneten Maps in einer AR-Szene.
FOOD AND COMFORT (2009)

THIS subject is necessarily a very large one, and I shall, in consequence, be obliged to compress it, though it might well make a separate work by itself. For Food represents the very existence of Man, considered as one of the animal world; and Comfort represents the progress of civilisation, by which man leaves day by day his savage and solitary nature behind him, and becomes social, moral, and elevated.
A further assessment of an electromagnetic method to measure body composition (1995)

Two experimental investigations of the electromagnetic method to measure body composition are presented. In the first experiment, the impedance of a single-loop transmitting antenna, located at the centre of a 150 m helical receiving coil, was observed to have a sharp minimum at 2.40 MHz. The impedance of the antenna at this frequency with respect to a series resistor was observed to go through a maximum when a small volume of 1% saline, of cross-section 0.5 cm2, was introduced coaxially into the coil. The frequency shift for larger volumes of saline (> 0.8 l) was highly correlated with the surface area of the liquid (r = 0.998, 0.997) and less well correlated with volume (r = 0.966, 0.967). In the second experiment, a five-turn solenoid, 2 m long and 1.5 m in diameter, was used to induce voltages in two coaxial receiving antennae placed 1 m apart inside the solenoid. The differential induced voltage was observed to vary as coaxial saline phantoms were traversed through the solenoid, with the variation being well correlated with the surface area of the liquid (r = 0.993, 0.996) and less well correlated with the volume of liquid in the phantom (r = 0.987, 0.958) for volumes above 100 ml. These observations suggest that the (resonant or non-resonant) electromagnetic field only responds to surface eddy currents in a coaxial saline phantom and therefore the TOBEC method may not be valid.
A new look at phaseless planar near-field measurements: limitations, simulations, measurements, and a hybrid solution (2007)

In this paper, we have revisited the phase-retrieval problem for planar near-field antenna measurements. It will be shown that the complexity of retrieval procedures is a function not only of the independency of different sets of measurements, but also of the characteristics of the antenna under test (AUT). Antenna-pattern features, such as its beam direction, will have a profound effect on the success of phase-reconstruction algorithms. The failure of a well-known phase-retrieval method, the iterative Fourier technique, is investigated for a case where the antenna has a scanned beam. It is found that this is due to a less-than-optimum choice of the initial guess. To alleviate the deficiency of the iterative Fourier technique, a simple but effective initial guess is sought by the use of the differential evolutionary algorithm. This global search technique tries to find the best initial phase guess that minimizes an error criterion. Subsequently, this best guess is fed to the iterative Fourier phase-retrieval routine for further phase refinements. Having done this, the far-field can subsequently be constructed. The improvement in the phase-reconstruction algorithm is examined through a series of simulations and measurements.
Wikis: Transactive Memory Systems in Digital Form (2012)

Wikis embed information about authors, tags, hyperlinks and other metadata into the information they create. Wiki functions use this metadata to provide pointers which allow users to track down, or be informed of, the information they need. In this paper we provide a firm theoretical conceptualization for this type of activity by showing how this metadata provides a digital foundation for a Transactive Memory System (TMS). TMS is a construct from group psychology which defines directory-based knowledge sharing processes to explain the phenomenon of "group mind". We analyzed the functions and data of two leading Wiki products to understand where and how they support the TMS. We then modeled and extracted data from these products into a network analysis product. The results confirmed that Wikis are a TMS in digital form. Network analysis highlights its characteristics as a "knowledge map", suggesting useful extensions to the internal "TMS" functions of Wikis.
First-principles investigation of transient current in molecular devices by using complex absorbing potentials (2013)

Based on the nonequilibrium Green's function (NEGF) coupled with density function theory (DFT), namely, NEGF-DFT quantum transport theory, we propose an efficient formalism to calculate the transient current of molecular devices under a step-like pulse from first principles. By combining NEGF-DFT with the complex absorbing potential (CAP), the computational complexity of our formalism (NEGF-DFT-CAP) is proportional to $O(N)$ where $N$ is the number of time steps in the time-dependent transient current calculation. Compared with the state-of-the-art algorithm of first-principles time-dependent calculation that scales with at least ${N}^{2}$, this order $N$ technique drastically reduces the computational burden making it possible to tackle realistic molecular devices. We have presented a detailed discussion on how to implement this scheme numerically from first principles. To check the accuracy of our method, we carry out the benchmark calculation compared with NEGF-DFT formalism and they agree well with each other. As an application of this method, we investigate the transient current of a molecular device Al--C${}_{3}$--Al from first principles.
Encounters with Winston Churchill (2000)

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Tannins inhibit SARS‐CoV‐2 through binding with catalytic dyad residues of 3CL <sup>pro</sup> : An in silico approach with 19 structural different hydrolysable tannins (2020)

Coronavirus epidemic 2019 (COVID-19), instigated by SARS-CoV-2 virus, is recently raising worldwide and inspiring global health worries. The main 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease (3CL<sup>Pro</sup>) enzyme of SARS-CoV-2, which operates its replication, could be used as a medication discovery point. We therefore theoretically studied and docked the effects of 19 hydrolysable tannins on SARS-CoV-2 by assembling with the catalytic dyad residues of its 3CL<sup>pro</sup> using molecular operating environment (MOE 09). Results discovered that pedunculagin, tercatain, and castalin intensely interacted with the receptor binding site and catalytic dyad (Cys145 and His41) of SARS-CoV-2. Our analyses estimated that the top three hits might serve as potential inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 leading molecules for additional optimization and drug development process to combat COVID-19. This study unleashed that tannins with specific structure could be utilized as natural inhibitors against COVID-19. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The 3CL<sup>Pro</sup> controls SARS-CoV-2 copying and manages its life series, which was targeted in case of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV coronavirus. About 19 hydrolysable tannins were computed against 3CL<sup>pro</sup> of SARS-CoV-2. Pedunculagin, tercatain, and castalin interacted with Cys145 and His41 of SARS-CoV-2-3CL<sup>pro</sup>. Pedunculagin-SARS-CoV-2-3CL<sup>pro</sup> remain stable, with no obvious fluctuations. We predicted that the understandings gained in the current research may evidence valued for discovering and unindustrialized innovative natural inhibitors for COVID-19 in the nearby future.
Relevance of cerebrospinal fluid variables for early diagnosis of neuroborreliosis (1995)

We describe the specificity and sensitivity of measuring a combination of basic CSF variables and Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb)-specific IgG and IgM antibody index (AI) values for the diagnosis of early neuroborreliosis. Basic CSF variables included total cell count, quantitation of activated B cells (IgG, IgA, and IgM classes), CSF/serum quotient diagrams for IgG, IgA, and IgM (to quantitate brain-derived immunoglobulin fractions in CSF), and CSF/serum albumin ratio as a measure of blood-CSF barrier function. The Bb-specific component of immunoglobulins in CSF and serum was quantitated by ELISA. Results are based on data from CSF and serum of 24 patients with definite neuroborreliosis, 45 patients with other neurologic diseases, and 28 control individuals. Combined evidence of an elevated CSF cell count, IgM-class dominance in both the cellular and intrathecal humoral immune response, and blood-CSF barrier dysfunction yielded 70% diagnostic sensitivity and 98% diagnostic specificity for detection of neuroborreliosis. Intrathecal production of Bb-specific IgM, evaluated as Bb-specific IgM antibody index (Bb-IgM-AI; pathologic value > 1.4) showed 79% diagnostic sensitivity and 96% diagnostic specificity. Correspondingly, elevated Bb-specific IgG antibody index (Bb-IgG-AI; pathologic value > 1.4) displayed 63% diagnostic sensitivity and 89% diagnostic specificity. Combined analysis of Bb-specific AI values and basic CSF variables gave the highest sensitivity (80%) and specificity (98%). Analysis of CSF variables over a disease course showed that acute versus past disease could be discriminated by a combination of basic CSF variables and Bb-specific AI.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A transaction transformation approach to active rule processing (2002)

Describes operational aspects of a novel approach to active rule processing based on a transaction transformation technique. A user-defined transaction, which is viewed as a sequence of atomic database updates forming a semantic unit, is translated by means of active rules into a new transaction that explicitly includes the additional updates due to active rule processing. It follows that the execution of the new transaction in a passive environment corresponds to the execution of the original transaction within the active environment defined by the given rules. Both immediate and deferred execution models are considered. The approach presents two main features. First, it relies on a well known formal basis that allow us to derive solid results on equivalence, confluence and optimization issues. Second, it is easy to implement as it does not require any specific run-time support.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Zygomatic Implants for Partial Maxillary Rehabilitation (2018)

Osseo integrated implants are the most effective tool in the rehabilitation of totally or partially edentulous patients. However, bone atrophy is an obstacle to the use of such implants. Severe maxillary resorption limits the installation of conventional implants and necessitates alveolar reconstructive procedures that use autogenous bone grafts harvested from the ilium or from intra oral donor sites. Such procedures increase the morbidity and cost of treatment. In 1984, as an alternative to the use of large bone reconstruction, Branemark proposed that the zygoma be used as an anchorage point for long implant-supported prostheses. Such zygomatic implants are now the most effective bone graft option in the rehabilitation of edentulous patients with severely resorbed maxilla. However, among partially edentulous patients, zygomatic implants are only indicated in hemi-maxillectomized patients. The aims of this clinical report were to present the cases of four patients, each of whom was rehabilitated using a single zygomatic implant on one side of the maxilla; evaluate the success of implant stabilization. The present report shows the feasibility of zygomatic implants in the treatment of partial maxillary edentulism. Despite the good results achieved in this report, more case studies involving a larger number of patients.
A novel pancreatic β‐cell isoform of calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (<i>β</i><sub>3</sub>isoform) contains a proline‐rich tandem repeat in the association domain (1995)

There is evidence for a role for calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphorylation in regulation of insulin secretion but the molecular nature of the kinase(s) responsible is unknown. In this study, the screening of a neonatal rat islet cDNA library resulted in the isolation of a 2 kb clone that was 99% homologous to the beta' isoform of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. The predicted 589 amino acid sequence with a calculated mass of 64,976 Da contained a 24 amino acid deletion in addition to the 15 amino acid deletion that differentiates the beta' from the beta isoform, and included an 86 amino acid novel domain consisting of a tandem repeat of proline-rich residues. The expression of this new isoform of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (beta 3) was confirmed in beta-cell lines and testis by DNA amplification of the sequence encoding the inserted domain by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, followed by Southern analysis.
Analysis of aromatic amines in cigarette smoke (2003)

A method for the analysis of o-toluidine, o-anisidine, 2-naphthylamine, and 4-aminobiphenyl in cigarette mainstream smoke has been developed, which combines the sensitivity of their pentafluoropropionyl (PFP) derivatives in negative ion chemical ionization (NICI) mode with the selectivity of the gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) technique. The use of four deuterated analogues as internal standards along with the application of the standard addition method results in accurate and precise results; the interday precision for the aromatic amines was 3-10% and the accuracy ranged from 97-100%. This method was applied to two American-blend University of Kentucky reference cigarettes, eight American-blend market cigarettes, a bright (flue-cured) tobacco cigarette, and an electrically heated cigarette smoking system (EHCSS). For the American-blend cigarettes there was a linear correlation between aromatic amine yields and mainstream smoke 'tar' ('tar' = total particulate matter - (nicotine + water)), whereas the bright tobacco cigarette and the EHCSS demonstrated significantly lower aromatic amine yields on an equal 'tar' basis. The results support the hypothesis that the nitrogen content of the tobacco, and above all the cigarette combustion temperature, are determining factors for the yields of aromatic amines in smoke.
Online Walking Motion Generation with Automatic Footstep Placement (2010)

The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the capacity of model predictive control (MPC) to generate stable walking motions without the use of predefined footsteps. Building up on well-known MPC schemes for walking motion generation, we show that a minimal modification of these schemes allows designing an online walking motion generator that can track a given reference speed of the robot and decide automatically the footstep placement. Simulation results are proposed on the HRP-2 humanoid robot, showing a significant improvement over previous approaches.
Numerical Simulation of Random Packing of Spherical Particles for Powder-Based Additive Manufacturing (2009)

Powder-based additive manufacturing is an efficient and rapid manufacturing technique because it allows fabrication of complex parts that are often unobtainable by traditional manufacturing processes. A better understanding of the packing structure of the powder is urgently needed for the powder-based additive manufacturing. In this study, the sequential addition packing algorithm is employed to investigate the random packing of spherical particles with and without shaking effect. The 3D random packing structures are demonstrated by illustrative pictures and quantified in terms of pair distribution function, coordination number, and packing density. The results are presented and discussed aiming to produce the desirable packing structures for powder-based additive manufacturing.
Advanced infrared detection and image processing for automated bat censusing (2003)

The Brazilian free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis) forms some of the largest aggregations of mammals known to mankind. However, little is known about population sizes and nightly foraging activities. An advanced infrared (IR) thermal imaging system with a real time imaging and data acquisition system is described for censusing Brazilian free-tailed bats during nightly emergences at selected Texas caves. We developed a statistically-based algorithm suitable for counting emerging bats in columns with relative constant trajectories and velocities. Individual bats are not identified and tracked, but instead column density is calculated at intervals of 1/30th of a second and counts are accumulated based upon column velocity. Preliminary evaluation has shown this method to be far more accurate than those previously used to census large bat populations. This real-time automated censusing system allows us to make accurate and repeatable estimates of the number of bats present independent of colony size, ambient light, or weather conditions, and without causing disturbance to the colony.
B<sup>e</sup>rit in Psalm 74 (1995)

This article is an attempt to understand the concept berit in Psalm 74:20. Several possibilities regarding its significance and content were discussed by various biblical scholars. The vague reference to berit makes a convincing solution in this regard very difficult. A combination of allusions and motives in the Psalm which coincide with aspects of the Yahweh-David berit, strengthens the assumption that [foreign fornt omitted] (v 20) alludes to the loyalty and faithfulness of Yahweh which he promised in the berit with his servant David.
Impact of Gender, Menstrual Cycle Phase, and Oral Contraceptives on the Activity of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis (1999)

We conclude that gender, menstrual cycle phase, and OC use exert important effects on HPA responsiveness to psychosocial stress in healthy subjects. Although men seem to have a stronger hypothalamic drive in response to stressful stimulation than women, differences in salivary-free cortisol levels, at least in part, may be explained by estradiol-induced changes in corticosteroid-binding protein levels. ACTH and cortisol secretion is not affected by OC use per se but the amount of bioavailable unbound cortisol ("free") is greatly reduced in this group of women after stimulation. Inasmuch as none of these differences between the study groups emerged in total blood cortisol levels, we strongly advocate for the simultaneous measurement of free and total cortisol levels in future studies on HPA functioning.