gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001: In vitro Assessment of Antioxidant Capacity and Effect on Growth Performance and Antioxidant Status in Weaning Piglets (2012)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001 and its effects on growth performance and antioxidant status in weaning piglets. The survival in hydrogen peroxide and free radical-scavenging activity of Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001 were analysed in vitro. The Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001 showed high viability in 1.0 mmol/L hydrogen peroxide and high scavenging ability against hydroxyl, superoxide anion, and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radicals which was dose dependent. Ninety-six weaning piglets were selected (7.45±0.79 kg) and divided into three groups comprising of negative control without any supplementation, treatment group with supplemented 6.8×10(7) Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001 CFU/g of diet, and positive control with antibiotic treatment (chlorotetracycline, 80 mg/kg diet). The results showed that Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001 supplementation enhanced feed conversion rates in piglets compared with control (p<0.05). Supplementation of Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001 increased the concentration of superoxide dismutase (p<0.05), glutathione peroxidase (p<0.01) and catalase in serum (p<0.10), while decreased the concentration of malondialdehyde (p<0.05). The present study implies that the strain Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001 had high antioxidant ability and its supplementation improved the growth performance and antioxidant status of weaning piglets, so it can be considered useful to alleviate oxidative stress and increase productive performance of pigs. (Key Words: Probiotic, Antioxidant Capacity, Weaning Piglet).
A Causal Framework for Discovering and Removing Direct and Indirect Discrimination (2017)

In this paper, we investigate the problem of discovering both direct and indirect discrimination from the historical data, and removing the discriminatory effects before the data is used for predictive analysis (e.g., building classifiers). The main drawback of existing methods is that they cannot distinguish the part of influence that is really caused by discrimination from all correlated influences. In our approach, we make use of the causal network to capture the causal structure of the data. Then we model direct and indirect discrimination as the path-specific effects, which accurately identify the two types of discrimination as the causal effects transmitted along different paths in the network. Based on that, we propose an effective algorithm for discovering direct and indirect discrimination, as well as an algorithm for precisely removing both types of discrimination while retaining good data utility. Experiments using the real dataset show the effectiveness of our approaches.
Cryptography Using Neural Network (2006)

The goal of any cryptographic system is the exchange of information among the intended users without any leakage of information to others who may have unauthorized access to it. In 1976, Diffie & Hellmann found that a common secret key could be created over a public channel accessible to any opponent. Since then many public key cryptography have been presented which are based on number theory and they demand large computational power. Moreover the process involved in generating public key is very complex and time consuming. To overcome these disadvantages, the neural networks can be used to generate common secret key. This is the motivation for this present work on interacting neural networks and cryptography[1].In the case of neural cryptography, both the communicating networks receive an identical input vector, generate an output bit and are trained based on the output bit. The dynamics of the two networks and their weight vectors is found to exhibit a novel phenomenon, where the networks synchronize to a state with identical time-dependent weights. This concept of synchronization by mutual learning can be applied to a secret key exchange protocol over a public channel. The generation of secret key over a public channel has been studied and the generated key is used for encrypting and decrypting the given message using DES algorithm which is simulated and synthesized using VHDL
Kinking of the medulla in children with acute cerebral oedema and hydrocephalus and its relationship to the dentate ligaments. (1967)

Phase assemblages were determined at water pressures up to 30 kb and temperatures up to 900 degrees C for the following four equilibria: (1) serpentine+brucite=forsterite+vapor; (2) serpentine=forsterite+talc+vapor; (3) forsterite+talc=enstatite+vapor; and (4) talc=enstatite+quartz (or coesite)+vapor. The dP/dT= for equilibria 1, 2, and 4 above 10 kb, and is negative for 3 above 5 kb. The data show that water pressures can be increased to at least 30 kb without the formation of a primary serpentine magma.
Modeling of a Switched Reluctance Machine Based on the Invertible Torque Function (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper presents a switched reluctance machine model based on an invertible expression representing the torque-phase current relationship. The model can be useful for real-time control in high-performance applications when the command current is derived from the torque command. The two angular functions that the model requires as input can easily be calculated from the known static torque-position characteristics for two currents. However, the paper also proposes the analytical models of the angular functions. The result is a geometry-based analytical model, with all parameters derived from machine geometry and material properties. Simulation and experimental results illustrate that the model provides very high accuracy. </para>
Smart piezoelectric transducers for<i>in situ</i>health monitoring of concrete (2004)

This paper presents the results of applying a non-parametric technique to the detection of the presence of damage and the monitoring of damage progression in concrete. The electromechanical impedance method using smart piezoceramic material is utilized in this study. The smart piezoelectric lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) transducers bonded onto the structures are used to actively provide the local excitation and simultaneously sense the structural dynamic response in high frequency band. The frequency-dependent electric admittance signatures of the piezoelectric transducer are compared with the baseline signatures to determine the status of the health of structures. The damage is quantified by the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) index. The correlation of the RMSD index with the location and extent of damage is investigated. In this paper, two sets of experimental tests are performed on the concrete beams instrumented with PZT transducers. The findings summarized from the experimental results are confirmed by a series of numerical simulations using finite element analysis. The experimental and numerical results demonstrate the suitability of using the smart PZT transducers for in situ health monitoring of structural integrity in civil infrastructures using concrete.
Aqueous and Serum Interferon γ, Interleukin (IL) 2, IL-4, and IL-10 in Patients With Uveitis (2000)

Aqueous and serum levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 were elevated in patients with uveitis, suggesting a predominantly type 1 response (high IFN-gamma and low IL-4 levels). Elevated serum IFN-gamma level seems to predispose the patient to more serious loss of vision. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000;118:768-772
The 63-kilobase circular amplicon of tunicamycin-resistant Leishmania amazonensis contains a functional N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase gene that can be used as a dominant selectable marker in transfection. (1992)

Tunicamycin (TM)-resistant Leishmania amazonensis has been found previously to contain amplified chromosomal DNA, existing exclusively as extrachromosomal circles of 63 kb. Fragments of this DNA cloned into plasmids were functionally analyzed by transfection of wild-type cells. A clone with a 15-kb fragment of the 63-kb circle was initially found to confer TM resistance. A library of the 15-kb fragment was then prepared and used in toto to transfect wild-type cells. The transfectants that emerged after selection were found to contain a plasmid with an insert of 4.6 kb. Evidence from deletion experiments suggests that this is the minimal transfection-effective fragment. Sequencing of the 4.6-kb DNA revealed 1.4-kb homolog of N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase genes. The L. amazonensis gene is similar to those from two other sources in their deduced peptide sequence by 65 to 70% and in hydropathic characteristics. The L. amazonensis gene is amplified by more than 128-fold over the wild type and overproduces a major transcript of 2.4 kb in all transfectants. The endogenous copy of this gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction from the wild type and cloned into pX-NEO, a Leishmania expression vector. Amplification of this plasmid in the transfectants by selection with G418 simultaneously made them resistant to TM. Evidence provided thus indicates that the 1.4-kb DNA is an N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase gene whose amplification is responsible for TM resistance in Leishmania variants and transfectants.
UNC-52/perlecan isoform diversity and function in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (2001)

The unc-52 gene encodes the nematode homologue of mammalian perlecan, the major heparan sulphate proteoglycan of the extracellular matrix. This is a large complex protein with regions similar to low-density lipoprotein receptors, laminin and neural cell-adhesion molecules. Three major classes of UNC-52/perlecan isoforms are produced through alternative splicing, and these distinct proteins exhibit complex spatial and temporal expression patterns throughout development. The unc-52 gene plays an essential role in myofilament assembly in body-wall muscle during embryonic development.
Doped RGB organic electroluminescent devices based on a bipolar host material (2004)

Development of RGB doped emitters based on the bipolar host of wide bandgap material, 9,10-bis(2-naphthyl)anthracene (ADN) is described. While the blue and green fluorescent dopants of TBP and C-545T achieved EL efficiencies of 5.1 and 11.2 cd/A, respectively in ADN, the red fluorescent DCJTB dopant needed to be doped in a co-hosted mixture of ADN: AIq3 (60:40) in order to achieve a high efficiency of 4.8 cd/A with a near saturated CIE/sub xy/ = 0.64, 0.35 at 2 % doping. Luminance efficiencies of all three RGB doped emitters in the bipolar ADN based host are not affected by increased drive current density, thus solving the current-induced fluorescence quenching problem often encountered in organic EL devices.
Electromyography and Augmented Reality for Motor Rehabilitation (2017)

Strokes have caused physical disability in adults and even in children, all over the world. The motor deficiencies caused by stroke are characterized by paralysis or weakness on the side of the body opposite to that of the brain lesion. This Augmented Reality System developed provides visual feedback of the movement of a virtual arm for motor rehabilitation of the upper limbs. This paper presents an algorithm for real-time processing of the electromyography signals acquired from a low cost and low power device. The resultant electromyography signals are used to trigger virtual arm animations or are still stored for later analysis of muscle activations during the training. A preliminary study of a patient with stroke sequelae was performed to adjust the instruments and procedures of the study.
Preliminary study on gas storage capacity and gas-in-place for CBM potential in Balingian coalfield, Sarawak Malaysia (2011)

The objective of this project is to predict the Coal Bed Methane (CBM) potential in Balingian coalfield, Sarawak. The geological survey shows that this area is about 120 km <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . One out of six blocks in Balingian area is picked as an area of interest for preliminary assessment. Liang formation (Balingian Coal) is lignite coal with a mean vitrinite reflectance of 0.32%. The coal seam thickness is ranging from 0.33ft to 29.69ft. Based on the proximate analysis data from Geoscience and Mineral Department of Malaysia, the result show the moisture content is in between 12.9% to 18.7%. The volatile matter varies at 37.8% to 43.4%, whereas the fixed carbon ranges from 40.3% to 43.4%. The coal contains a very low ash content at mean of 2.7% and low sulphur content of less than 1%. Four core samples which were plugged from different coals have the range of porosity varies from 1.58% to 5.12%. Meanwhile, the permeability attained at minimum of 0.15mD to maximum of 46.15mD. Such a huge variation in porosity and permeability shows that they were due to the different number of cleat networks which were examined using PoroPerm. Gas storage capacity at different steps of pressure was determined from adsorption isotherm test which based on modified Boyle's law. The result from the adsorption isotherm test showed the maximum adsorbed methane in the coal is 374.62scf/ton at maximum pressure of 1219.58psia. The linear regression of Langmuir Volume and Langmuir Volume showed 714.29scf/ton and 1024.5psia respectively. The value of maximum absorbed methane is used in gas-in-place calculation which yields 15.20Bscf in the area of 6.094km <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The result is then compared with other similar coal rank fields. As a conclusion, Balingian coal field showed a very good prospect to produce the first CBM in Malaysia based on this preliminary study.
A comparison of vector quantization subband and transform coding of imagery (2003)

Transform image coding using scalar quantization, pyramid vector quantization (PVQ), and generalized Lloyd algorithm vector quantization (VQ) and subband image coding using scalar quantization and pyramid vector quantization are considered. In a simulation study at low bit rates (0.5 bit/pel) the transform VQ coder generally provided the largest peak-signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), although the PVQ subband coder was superior for some images. At larger encoding rates (for which, because of complexity, the generalized Lloyd algorithm VQ was not considered) the scalar-quantizer subband coder generally yielded larger PSNR than did the scalar-quantizer transform coder. The PVQ transform and subband coders provided similar values of PSNR, but the subband coded image had less blockiness than the transform-coded image.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Model Study of the Aircraft Cabin Environment Resulting From In-Flight Fires (1992)

A series of tests were conducted to examine the effect of the ventilation on the environment in an aircraft passenger cabin during an in- flight fire. These tests were run in a reduced scale mockup of an aircraft passenger cabin. A propane burner operating at 10 or 30 kilowatts served as the fire source. The simulated seats and the cabin lining material were both noncombustible. The vertical temperature and gas concentration profiles in the cabin were measured as a function of time. Reversing the normal ventilation flow direction by introducing the forced air at the floor level and exhausting it at the ceiling significantly reduced the measured temperatures and gas concentrations. Opening two 152- by 305-millimeter hatches in the end walls at the ceiling level to the outside air resulted in a significant reduction in the measured gas concentrations. Aircraft, Counterflow, Fire, Heat transfer, Scale model, Simulation, Ventilation.
Investigation of Heat Treating Conditions for Enhancing the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Citrus Fruit (<i>Citrus reticulata</i>) Peels (2008)

In traditional Chinese medicine, dried citrus fruit peels are widely used as remedies to alleviate coughs and reduce phlegm in the respiratory tract. Induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in inflammatory cells and increased airway production of nitric oxide (NO) are well recognized as key events in inflammation-related respiratory tract diseases. Despite the fact that the enhancing effect of heat treatment on the antioxidant activity of citrus fruit peels has been well documented, the impact of heat treatment on citrus peel beneficial activities regarding anti-inflammation is unclear. To address this issue, we determined the anti-inflammatory activities of heat-treated citrus peel extracts by measuring their inhibitory effect upon NO production by lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Results showed that the anti-inflammatory activity of citrus peel was significantly elevated after 100 degrees C heat treatment in a time-dependent fashion during a period from 0 to 120 min. Inhibition of iNOS gene expression was the major NO-suppressing mechanism of the citrus peel extract. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory activity of citrus peel extract highly correlated with the content of nobiletin and tangeretin. Conclusively, proper and reasonable heat treatment helped to release nobiletin and tangeretin, which were responsible for the increased anti-inflammatory activity of heat-treated citrus peels.
Mathematical and Numerical Properties of Control-Volume, Finite-Element Scheme for Reservoir Simulation (1994)

Summary This paper presents the mathematical properties of a control-volume, finite-element (CVFE) scheme. We show that appropriate constraints on finite-element grids and convenient definitions for volumes and transmissibilities lead to a convergence property for the CVFE scheme. This convergence property proves that use of the CVFE scheme is mathematically correct for reservoir simulation. With the control-volume concept, the local balances of each component are fully satisfied. Because the discretized equations resulting from the scheme can be solved by classic methods, the CVFE scheme can be implemented easily in a general-purpose simulator. In the implementations in this paper, we use prismatic finite elements for 3D full-field simulations and triangles for 2D simulations. The grid is generated with automatic techniques, popular in structural engineering, resulting in numerical diffusion that is as isotropic as possible; therefore, grid-orientation effects are controlled and accuracy is easily improved through natural grid refinement. Examples show that, for the same accuracy, computational costs are lower for results obtained with the CVFE scheme than for those obtained with finite-difference grids. The CVFE scheme is an excellent alternative to flexible gridding techniques used in finite-difference simulators because the entire reservoir can be gridded as required, without use of special techniques for local grid modifications.
Cellular functions of ascorbic acid (1990)

It has long been suspected that ascorbic acid is involved in many cellular reactions. This is evident from the multitude of seemingly unrelated symptoms seen in scurvy. However, until recently, our understanding of its involvement was confined to its role in the synthesis of collagen. Studies in the past few years have unveiled mechanisms of its actions in collagen formation and many other enzymatic reactions. In addition, numerous physiological responses are reportedly affected by ascorbic acid. From the well-characterized enzymatic reactions involving ascorbic acid, it has become clear that in animal cells the ascorbate does not seem to be directly involved in catalytic cycles. Rather its major function seems to keep prosthetic metal ions in their reduced form. The role of ascorbate as a reductant in these enzymatic reactions complements its other antioxidant functions which have been recently appreciated, including that as a scavenger of free radicals. Therefore, it seems that the major function of ascorbate is to protect tissues from harmful oxidative products and to keep certain enzymes in their required reduced forms. However, it remains unclear how the deficiency of ascorbate leads to the pathological symptoms found in scurvy.
Complex Patterns of Cannabinoid Alkyl Side-Chain Inheritance in Cannabis (2019)

The cannabinoid alkyl side-chain represents an important pharmacophore, where genetic targeting of alkyl homologs has the potential to provide enhanced forms of Cannabis for biopharmaceutical manufacture. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) synthase genes govern dicyclic (CBDA) and tricyclic (THCA) cannabinoid composition. However, the inheritance of alkyl side-chain length has not been resolved, and few studies have investigated the contributions and interactions between cannabinoid synthesis pathway loci. To examine the inheritance of chemical phenotype (chemotype), THCAS and CBDAS genotypes were scored and alkyl cannabinoid segregation analysed in 210 F<sub>2</sub> progeny derived from a cross between two Cannabis chemotypes divergent for alkyl and cyclic cannabinoids. Inheritance patterns of F<sub>2</sub> progeny were non-Gaussian and deviated from Mendelian expectations. However, discrete alkyl cannabinoid segregation patterns consistent with digenic as well as epistatic modes of inheritance were observed among F<sub>2</sub> THCAS and CBDAS genotypes. These results suggest linkage between cannabinoid pathway loci and highlight the need for further detailed characterisation of cannabinoid inheritance to facilitate metabolic engineering of chemically elite germplasm.
Characteristics of advanced YBa2Cu3O<i>x</i>/PrBa2Cu3O<i>x</i>/YBa2Cu3O<i>x</i> edge type junctions (1991)

This letter describes the scaling behavior and Josephson properties of improved YBCO/PBCO/YBCO edge-type junctions. The critical current, normal-state resistance, and IcRn product scale with barrier thickness and junction area. The coherence length of the PBCO barrier is estimated to be between 5 and 8 nm. As unambiguous evidence of the Josephson behavior, the microwave response as a function of microwave power, as well as the current modulation with applied magnetic field, have been studied: well-developed Shapiro steps at 10 GHz have been observed, and the modulation of Ic(H) shows Fraunhofer-like behavior with 95% Ic suppression.
Physical Processes and Timescales in Planet and Small-Body Accretion (1988)

A series of processes in the solar nebula transforms infallen interstellar grains into planets. Somewhat surprisingly, samples of planetary material from the very first stages of this processing and aggregration were preserved, and are accessible for study in the terrestrial laboratory. These are the chondritic meteoroids, which passed the last 4.5 Gyr safely stored in asteroids. Thermal processing of interstellar grains, sticky agglomeration of chondrules, Goldreich-Ward instability, and gravitational accretion of planetesimals into planets are discussed.
Determining the optimal lot size for the finite production model with random defective rate, the rework process, and backlogging (2003)

This paper considers the effects of the reworking of defective items on the economic production quantity (EPQ) model with backlogging allowed. The classic EPQ model assumes that manufacturing facility functions perfectly during a production run. However, due to process deterioration or other factors, the production process may shift and produce imperfect quality items. In this study, a random defective rate is considered, and when regular production ends, the reworking of defective items starts immediately. Not all of the defective items are reworked, a portion of them are scrap and are discarded. Repairing and holding cost per reworked item and disposal cost per scrap item are included in the proposed mathematical modelling and analysis. The renewal reward theorem is utilized to deal with the variable cycle length, and the optimal lot size that minimizes the overall costs for the imperfect quality EPQ model is derived where backorders are permitted.