gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radiometric measurements of the microwave emissivity of foam (2002)

Radiometric measurements of the microwave emissivity of foam were conducted during May 2000 at the Naval Research Laboratory's Chesapeake Bay Detachment using radiometers operating at 10.8 and 36.5 GHz. Horizontal and vertical polarization measurements were performed at 36.5 GHz; horizontal, vertical, +45/spl deg/, -45/spl deg/, left-circular, and right-circular polarization measurements were obtained at 10.8 GHz. These measurements were carried out over a range of incidence angles from 30/spl deg/ to 60/spl deg/. Surface foam was generated by blowing compressed air through a matrix of gas-permeable tubing supported by an aluminum frame and floats. Video micrographs of the foam were used to measure bubble size distribution and foam layer thickness. A video camera was boresighted with the radiometers to determine the beam-fill fraction of the foam generator. Results show emissivities that were greater than 0.9 and approximately constant in value over the range of incidence angles for vertically polarized radiation at both 10.8 and 36.5 GHz, while emissivities of horizontally polarized radiation showed a gradual decrease in value as incidence angle increased. Emissivities at +45/spl deg/, -45/spl deg/, left-circular, and right-circular polarizations were all very nearly equal to each other and were in turn approximately equal to the average values of the horizontal and vertical emissivities in each case.
Identifying Key Amino Acid Residues That Affect α-Conotoxin AuIB Inhibition of α3β4 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (2013)

α-Conotoxin AuIB is a selective α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype inhibitor. Its analgesic properties are believed to result from it activating GABAB receptors and subsequently inhibiting CaV2.2 voltage-gated calcium channels. The structural determinants that mediate diverging AuIB activity at these targets are unknown. We performed alanine scanning mutagenesis of AuIB and α3β4 nAChR, homology modeling, and molecular dynamics simulations to identify the structural determinants of the AuIB·α3β4 nAChR interaction. Two alanine-substituted AuIB analogues, [P6A]AuIB and [F9A]AuIB, did not inhibit the α3β4 nAChR. NMR and CD spectroscopy studies demonstrated that [F9A]AuIB retains its native globular structure, so its activity loss is probably due to loss of specific toxin-receptor residue pairwise contacts. Compared with AuIB, the concentration-response curve for inhibition of α3β4 by [F9A]AuIB shifted rightward more than 10-fold, and its subtype selectivity profile changed. Homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulations suggest that Phe-9 of AuIB interacts with a two-residue binding pocket on the β4 nAChR subunit. This hypothesis was confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis of the β4-Trp-59 and β4-Lys-61 residues of loop D, which form a putative binding pocket. AuIB analogues with Phe-9 substitutions corroborated the finding of a binding pocket on the β4 subunit and gave further insight into how AuIB Phe-9 interacts with the β4 subunit. In summary, we identified critical residues that mediate interactions between AuIB and its cognate nAChR subtype. These findings might help improve the design of analgesic conopeptides that selectively "avoid" nAChR receptors while targeting receptors involved with nociception.
Multimedia Vocabularies on the Semantic Web (2007)

This document gives an overview on the state-of-the-art of multimedia metadata formats. Initially, practical relevant vocabularies for developers of Semantic Web applications are listed according to their modality scope. In the second part of this document, the focus is set on the integration of the multimedia vocabularies into the Semantic Web, that is to say, formal representations of the vocabularies are discussed.
The Catalyst Development in C<SUB>1</SUB> Chemistry Project (1986)

The outline of the C1 Chemistry project, which is one of the national large scale projects founded by the Agency of Industrial Science and Technology (M.I.T.I.), and the present status of catalyst development in this project are introduced. The establishment of a new manufacturing process for basic chemicals, that is, ethyleneglycol, ethanol, acetic acid, and lower olefins such as ethylene and propylene, from synthesis gas directly or indirectly is the major object of this project. Therefore, development of high performance catalysts is essential to establishing a new process.As a result of a 4-year basic screening test program, several high by active catalyst systems for selective production of these chemicals have been developed. Now, demonstration tests of these systems as bench scale are in progress.
Modelling the behaviour of a retaining wall in residual soils for a cut and cover construction of a deep station in Metro do Porto (2011)

This paper presents a re-appreciation of the ground characterisation and the criteria to select the most representative geomechanical parameters to consider in a numerical model to predict the behaviour of a retaining wall of a deep excavation in highly weathered granite rock masses and residual soils. This study was focused in the construction of a deep station of Metro do Porto, which involved a cut and cover solution, with unusual proportions (in plant and in depth), built in the typical Oporto's granite weathered profiles, being the excavation conducted with retaining walls consisting of multi-anchored concrete piles. Specific sections were carefully instrumented, due to the presence of historic buildings in the vicinity. The definition of representative model parameters was based on precise laboratory tests over high quality soil samples, including oedometer and high-precision triaxial tests. Geotechnical and geological characterisation of all the area for the original design, was initially based on in situ tests, such as SPT and rock masses classification, and on the local experience on this type of ground. After this construction, the assumptions of parameterisation, using a constitutive modelling based on new laboratory tests over high quality block samples, allowed a reanalysis of the assumptions on the design phase. A back-analysis of monitored displacements and forces during the construction was made, assuming the designed structural solutions, which were in fact implemented in construction, but considering the new approaches on the definition of the geomechanical parameters for the prevailing weathered rock masses, necessary for the numerical simulation based on the commercial software Plaxis®, using the Mohr-Coulomb and “Hardening-Soil” models. Some specific changes of the constructive sequence during the excavation and activation of supporting system were attained, by looking at the information found during the construction. The results of this parametrical re-approach and analysis of the singularities of highly weathered granite and corresponding residual soils masses for modelling of retaining walls of large excavations are discussed.
Evolving the scope of user-centered design (1997)

article Free Access Share on Evolving the scope of user-centered design Author: John Karat Watson Research Center, Hawthorne, NY Watson Research Center, Hawthorne, NYView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 40Issue 7July 1997 pp 33–38https://doi.org/10.1145/256175.256181Published:01 July 1997Publication History 107citation4,356DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations107Total Downloads4,356Last 12 Months483Last 6 weeks112 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Inaccurate Diagnosis of HIV-1 Group M and O Is a Key Challenge for Ongoing Universal Access to Antiretroviral Treatment and HIV Prevention in Cameroon (2009)

In the era of ART scaling-up in Africa, significant proportions of false positive but also false negative results are still observed with HIV screening tests commonly used in Africa, resulting in inadequate treatment and prevention strategies. Depending on tests or algorithms used, up to 6% of HIV-1 M and 80% of HIV-1 O infected patients in Cameroon do not receive ART and adequate counseling to prevent further transmission due to low sensitivities. Also, the use of tests with low specificities could imply inclusion of up to 12% HIV negative people in ART programs and increase budgets in addition to inconveniences caused to patients.
Towards the recovery of hydrophobic proteins on two-dimensional electrophoresis gels (1999)

An extensive proteomic approach relies on the possibility to visualize and analyze various types of proteins, including hydrophobic proteins which are rarely detectable on two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) gels. In this study, two methods were employed for the purification of hydrophobic proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana leaf plasma membrane (PM) model plants, prior to analysis on 2-DE immobilized pH gradient (IPG) gels. Solubilization efficiency of two detergents, (3-[(3-cholomidopropyl)-1-propanesulfonic acid] (CHAPS)) and C8∅︁, were tested for the recovery of hydrophobic proteins. An immunological approach was used to determine the efficiency of the above methods. Fractionation of proteins by Triton X-114 combined with solubilization with CHAPS resulted in the inability to detect hydrophobic proteins on 2-DE gels. The use of C8∅︁ for protein solubilization did not improve this result. On the contrary, after treatment of membranes with alkaline buffer, the solubilization of PM proteins with detergent C8∅︁ permitted the recovery of such proteins on 2-DE gels. The combination of membrane washing and the use of zwitterionic detergent resulted in the resolution of several integral proteins and the disappearance of peripheral proteins. In the resolution of expressed genome proteins, both large pH gradients in the first dimension and various acrylamide concentrations in the second dimension must be used. Notwithstanding, it is important to combine various sample treatments and different detergents in order to resolve soluble and hydrophobic proteins.
Tracing the Origins of <i>Salmonella</i> Outbreaks (2000)

Salmonellosis is a serious illness transmitted by various serotypes of the
 Salmonella
 bacteria that are present as contaminants in chicken carcasses, eggs, and egg products. In a Perspective,
 BA¤umler and colleagues
 put forward the hypothesis that the increased incidence of food-borne
 Salmonella
 since the late 1960s is due to the emergence of one particular serotype,
 S. enteritidis, as a major poultry-associated pathogen. Through retrospective analysis of epidemiological data on the prevalence of
 Salmonella
 pathogens in humans and poultry, the authors propose that the culling of poultry infected with two related
 Salmonella
 serotypes (that carry a common antigen, O9) depleted flock immunity, enabling
 S. enteritidis
 to fill the niche left behind by the elimination of the avian pathogens.
Histone gene arrangement in the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. (1975)

The DNA coding for histones from Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, purified up to 100-fold with the use of Hg+2-CS2-SO4 and actinomycin-CsC1 equilibrium density gradients, has been used to study the clustering of genes coding for different histones and the size of the repeating multigene cluster. When digested with EcoRI restriction endonuclease, the histone DNA is identified in two classes of fragments with molecular weights of 1.15 X 106 and 2.8 X 106, whereas after treatment of the DNA with HindIII restriction endonuclease, histone gene sequences can be identified only in a fragment of 3.95 X 106. Treatment of the DNA with both enzymes simultaneously shows that there is a HindIII site within the smaller EcoRI fragment. Partial digests with HindIII give fragment sizes that appear to be simple multiples of a 3.95 X 106 repeat. Individual histone mRNAs all hybridize to the 3.95 X 106 fragment but only to one or the other EcoRI fragments. The evidence strongly suggests a repeating unit of 3.95 X 106 containing the genes for most, if not all, the histonrs.
Changes in expansin activity and gene expression during ethylene-promoted leaflet abscission in Sambucus nigra (2005)

During ethylene-promoted leaflet abscission in Sambucus nigra a 7-fold increase in expansin activity was detected specifically in tissues undergoing cell separation, whilst only low levels of activity were seen in adjacent non-abscising tissues. An RT-PCR strategy was used to amplify expansin fragments from a cDNA library generated from mRNA extracted from ethylene-treated leaflet abscission-zone tissue. Two different full-length expansin-encoding cDNAs were isolated with sizes of 1190 bp and 1169 bp and named SniExp2 and SniExp4, respectively. The deduced protein sequences of SniExp2 and SniExp4 exhibited 67% homology and comprised 256 and 249 amino acids, respectively. Both putative proteins contained signal sequences at their N terminal ends, suggesting that they were likely to encode secreted or transmembrane proteins. Northern analyses with probes specific for each gene revealed that transcripts for both of these cDNAs accumulated specifically in abscission zone tissues in response to ethylene treatment, with no expression being apparent in either freshly excised material or non-separating tissues. These data support a role for expansins in ethylene-stimulated abscission and provide evidence that specific family members contribute to the cell separation process that takes place during organ shedding.
Effects of fibrin on the activation of Glu- and Lys-plasminogen by urokinase. (1984)

Glu- and Lys-plasminogen were mixed with fibrinogen or fibrin (fibrinogen plus thrombin) in the presence of various units of urokinase and S-2251 (H-D-Val-Leu-Lys pNA). Time course of the hydrolysis of S-2251 and the increment of OD405/min were monitored by using a spectrophotometer. Glu-plasmingen was activated better by urokinase in the presence of fibrinogen and fibrin than in their absence. The effects of fibrin were larger than those of fibrinogen in the activation of Glu-plasminogen. When Lys-plasminogen was used for the similar experiments, the activation rate of Lys-plasminogen was slightly increased in the presence of fibrinogen and fibrin (fibrin>fibrinogen), but their effects were smaller than in the case of the activation of Glu-plasminogen.
Stochastic Models and Wide-Area Network Measurements for Blockchain Design and Analysis (2018)

The Blockchain paradigm provides a popular mechanism for establishing trust and consensus in distributed environments. While Blockchain technology is currently primarily deployed in crypto-currency systems like Bitcoin, the concept is also expected to emerge as a key component of the Internet-of-Things (IoT), enabling novel applications in digital health, smart energy, asset tracking and smart transportation. As Blockchain networks evolve to industrial deployments with large numbers of geographically distributed nodes, the block transfer and processing delays arise as a critical issue which may create greater potential for forks and vulnerability to adversarial attacks. Motivated by these issues, we develop stochastic network models to capture the Blockchain evolution and dynamics and analyze the impact of the block dissemination delay and hashing power of the member nodes on Blockchain performance in terms of the overall block generation rate and required computational power for launching a successful attack. The results provide useful insight in crucial design issues, e.g., how to adjust the `difficulty-of-work' in the presence of delay so as to achieve a target block generation rate or appropriate level of immunity from adversarial attacks. We employ a combination of analytical calculations and simulation experiments to investigate both stationary and transient performance features, and demonstrate close agreement with measurements on a wide-area network testbed running the Ethereum protocol.
How to Improve Chemical Synthesis of Laminaribiose on a Large Scale (2008)

Laminaribiose, which is the simplest -(1,3)-glucan, is one of the most powerful agents able to increase germination. Its chemical synthesis was revised in detail starting from peracylated donors and easily available glucofuranose protected by acetal groups in the presence of appropriated catalyst and/or promoter. We particularly focused our attention on the nature of the Lewis acid generally required in glycosidic couplings. Finally, an interesting scale-up was performed which allowed us to prepare laminaribiose on a kilogram scale.
The optimal intensity of oral anticoagulant therapy. (1987)

IN THE United States, approximately 500 000 patients per year receive oral anticoagulant therapy (R. Hart, MD, quoting J. Wallner, Product Manager, Dupont Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, Del, oral communication, April 1986). Since Quick et al 1 introduced their test in 1935, it has been traditional to use the one-stage prothrombin time (PT) to monitor warfarin therapy. This test, which is sensitive to three of the four vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, is performed by adding a phospholipid extract of mammalian tissue (known as thromboplastin) to citrated plasma and clotting the mixture by adding calcium. Many clinicians who prescribe oral anticoagulants might be surprised to learn that the dose of warfarin that we currently use to prolong the PT to a ratio of 2 to 2.5 times the control value is larger than the dose that was used to produce an identical prolongation of the PT in the 1940s, 1950s, and the 1960s.
Using partial-order methods in the formal validation of industrial concurrent programs (1996)

We have developed a formal validation tool that has been used on several projects that are developing software for AT&T's 5ESS™ telephone switching system. The tool uses Holzmann's supertrace algorithm to check for errors such as deadlock and livelock in networks of communicating processes. The validator invariably finds subtle errors that were missed during thorough simulation and testing; however, the brute-force search it performs can result in extremely long running times, which can be frustrating to users. Recently, a number of researchers have been investigating techniques known as partial-order methods that can significantly reduce the running time of formal validation by avoiding redundant exploration of execution scenarios. In this paper, we describe the design of a partial-order algorithm for our validation tool and discuss its effectiveness. We show that a careful compile-time static analysis of process communication behavior yields information that can be used during validation to dramatically improve its performance. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our partial-order algorithm by presenting the results of experiments with actual industrial examples drawn from a variety of 5ESS™ application domains, including call processing, signalling, and switch maintenance.
Common Factors Direct Transcription through the Proximal Sequence Elements (PSEs) of the Embryonic Sea Urchin U1, U2, and U6 Genes despite Minimal Sequence Similarity among the PSEs (1996)

The proximal sequence element (PSE) for the sea urchin U6 small nuclear RNA gene has been defined. The most critical nucleotides for expression, located 61 to 64 nucleotides (nt) from the transcription start site, are 4 nt, AACT, at the 5' end of the PSE. Two nucleotide mutations in this region abolish transcription of the sea urchin U6 gene in vitro. The same two nucleotide mutations greatly reduce the binding of specific factors detected by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. There is also a conserved AC dinucleotide 57 nt from the start site of the sea urchin U1 and U2 PSEs. The sea urchin U1 and U2 PSEs were substituted for the sea urchin U6 PSE, with the conserved AC sequences aligned with those of the U6 PSE. Both of these genes were expressed at levels higher than those observed with the wild-type U6 gene. Similar complexes are formed on the U1 and U2 PSEs, and formation of the complexes is inhibited efficiently by the U6 PSE. In addition, the E-box sequence present upstream of the PSE enhances U6 transcription from both the U1 and U2 PSEs. Finally, depletion of a nuclear extract with a DNA affinity column containing the U6 PSE sequence reduces expression of the U6 genes driven by the U6, U1, or U2 PSE but does not affect expression of the 5S rRNA gene. These data support the possibility that the same factor(s) interacts with the PSE sequences of the U1, U2, and U6 small nuclear RNA genes expressed in early sea urchin embryogenesis.
Steroids. CXIX.<sup>1</sup> The Preparation of Some Vicinal Glycols in the Cortical Hormone Series (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSteroids. CXIX.1 The Preparation of Some Vicinal Glycols in the Cortical Hormone SeriesJOHN A. ZDERIC, HUMBERTO CARPIO, and CARL DJERASSICite this: J. Org. Chem. 1959, 24, 7, 909–911Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01089a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01089a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electric currents in the solar corona and the existence of magnetostatic equilibrium (1985)

The random motions of magnetic field lines induced by convective flows below the solar surface cause braiding and twisting of the coronal magnetic field, and may be responsible for heating the solar corona. The suggestion by Parker (1972) that the field does in general not attain equilibrium, and must develop current sheets in which the braiding patterns are dissipated (topological dissipation), is considered. Using an analogy with two-dimensional flows, it is shown that invariance of the winding pattern in the general direction of the field is not a necessary requirement for equilibrium, as Parker suggested. Discontinuities in the magnetic field (current sheets) arise only if the velocity field at the photospheric boundary is itself a discontinuous function of position. This suggests that the corona field can simply adjust to the slowly changing boundary conditions in the photosphere, and that 'topological dissipation' of the winding patterns does not take place. Some implications for coronal heating are discussed.
Pipelined MMSE equalizers for direct-sequence spread-spectrum CDMA channels (2002)

MMSE interference suppression has been shown to provide adaptive near-far resistant receivers for direct-sequence CDMA systems. We examine the feasibility of pipelining adaptive algorithms for this application in order to support high data rates at low power. The pipelined algorithms are simplified using relaxed look-ahead. Simulation results show that the pipelined versions of both the LMS and RLS algorithms offer performance comparable to that of their serial counterparts.