gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
XO increases neutrophil adherence to endothelial cells by a dual ICAM-1 and P-selectin-mediated mechanism (1997)

Circulating xanthine oxidase (XO) can modify adhesive interactions between neutrophils and the vascular endothelium, although the mechanism underlying this effect are not clear. We found that treatment with XO of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (EC), but not neutrophils or plasma, increased adherence, suggesting that XO had its primary effect on EC. The mechanism by which XO increased neutrophil adherence to EC involved binding of XO to EC and production of H2O2. XO also increased platelet-activating factor production by EC by a H2O2-dependent mechanism. Similarly, the platelet-activating factor-receptor antagonist WEB-2086 completely blocked XO-mediated neutrophil EC adherence. In addition, neutrophil adherence was dependent on the beta 2-integrin Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) but not on leukocyte functional antigen-1 (CD11a/CD18). Treatment of EC with XO for 30 min did not alter intercellular adhesion molecule-1 surface expression but increased expression of P-selectin and release of von Willibrand factor. Antibodies against P-selectin (CD62) did not affect XO-mediated neutrophil adherence under static conditions but decreased both rolling and firm adhesive interactions under conditions of shear. We conclude that extracellular XO associates with the endothelium and promotes neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions through dual intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and P-selectin ligation, by a mechanism that involves platelet-activating factor and H2O2 as intermediates.
δ 44/40 Ca) Fractionation along Hydrothermal Pathways, Logatchev Field (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 14°45' N) (2007)

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New Donor–Acceptor Materials Based on Random Polynorbornenes Bearing Pendant Phthalocyanine and Fullerene Units (2006)

New donor-acceptor materials based on a polynorbornene framework to which both phthalocyanine and C60 electroactive pendant units are randomly attached have been prepared in good yield by ring-opening-metathesis polymerization (ROMP) in the presence of a Grubbs catalyst. A structurally related phthalocyanine homopolymer was also synthesized for comparison. A remarkable fluorescence quenching was observed in the homopolymer and accounts for PcPc interactions along the polymeric framework. As expected, the fluorescence quenching increases in the case of the polynorbornenes containing both Pc and C60 units owing to photoinduced electron transfer, which was further confirmed by transient absorption spectroscopy. Finally, preliminary solar cell devices made of one of the copolymers were constructed.
The temporal measurement of plasma parameters in the pulse sheet plasma. (1999)

We have developed the system as it makes up the temporal measurement of the plasma parameters (electron density Ne, electron temperature Te, electron distribution function fe(v)) in the pulse sheet plasma. It is found that Te and fe(v) dramatically change until the plasma is stady state; the high energy electrons (10-20eV) appear at initial condition (t=0.36msec).
Distribution of coronary collateral flow in acute myocardial ischaemic injury: effect of propranolol (1976)

The local distribution of coronary collateral flow was mapped using 8 mu tracer microspheres following circumflex coronary occlusions in dogs. Overall flow to the ischaemic posterior papillary muscle and subjacent myocardium decreased to 21% of anterior free wall flow. Collateral flow was non-uniform, however, and was lower in the subendocardium (14%) than in the subepicardium (27%). Brief temporary occlusions with and without propranolol therapy showed that collateral flow was less and the inner/outer wall ratio was unaltered in treated animals. Although propranolol reduces infarct size after coronary occlusions, this effect appears not to be related to increases in collateral flow.
Evidence for a Critical Role of the Tumor Necrosis Factor α Convertase (TACE) in Ectodomain Shedding of the p75 Neurotrophin Receptor (p75NTR) (2004)

Protein ectodomain shedding, the proteolytic release of the extracellullar domain of membrane-tethered proteins, can dramatically affect the function of cell surface receptors, growth factors, cytokines, and other proteins. In this study, we evaluated the activities involved in ectodomain shedding of p75NTR, a neurotrophin receptor with critical roles in neuronal differentiation and survival. p75NTR is shed in a variety of cell types, including dorsal root ganglia cells and PC12 cells. In Chinese hamster ovary cells, inhibitors of the MEK/ERK and p38 MAP kinase pathways uncovered distinct signaling pathways required for the constitutive and stimulated shedding of p75NTR. Stimulated p75NTR shedding is abrogated in M2 mutant Chinese hamster ovary cells that lack functional tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme (TACE, also referred to as ADAM17) and in cells isolated from adam17-/- mice, but not in cells from adam9/12/15-/- or adam10-/- mice. Stimulated p75(NTR) shedding is strongly reduced by deletion of 15 amino acid residues in its extracellular membrane-proximal stalk domain. However, similar to other shed proteins, point mutations and overlapping shorter deletions within this region have little or no effect on shedding. Because ectodomain shedding of p75NTR releases a soluble ectodomain and could also be a prerequisite for its regulated intramembrane proteolysis, these findings may have important implications for the functional regulation of p75NTR.
Localization of thin metallic scatterers by experimental data (2007)

The problem of detecting and localizing "small" scatterers by the knowledge of the field scattered under a known illumination is dealt with. According to the distributional model shown in Ref. [2], the problem is cast as the inversion of a linear integral operator acting on 6-distributions whose supports are representative of the scatterers' locations. In this paper, we present some experimental results of such an approach. To this end, we perform the reconstructions by exploiting experimental scattered field data collected in controlled conditions at the Electromagnetic Diagnostic Laboratory of the Second University of Naples. The multi-static/single-view/multi-frequency and the multi-static/multi-view/multi-frequency configurations are both considered.
Different chemokine expression in lethal and non‐lethal murine west nile virus infection (2004)

West Nile (WN) virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that can cause lethal encephalitis in humans and horses. The WN virus endemic in New York City (NY) in 1999 caused large-scale mortality of wild birds that was not evident in endemic areas in other parts of the world, and the pathogenesis of the WN virus strain isolated in NY (NY strain) appears to differ from that of previously isolated strains. However, the pathogenesis of NY strain infection remains unclear. This study examined CC (RANTES/CCL5, MIP-1 alpha/CCL3, MIP-1 beta/CCL4) and CXC (IP-10/CXCL10, B lymphocyte chemoattractant (BLC/CXCL13), and B cell- and monocyte-activating chemokine (BMAC/CXCL14)) chemokine expression during lethal NY strain and non-lethal Eg101 strain infection in mice. We found that the mRNA of the CC chemokines, RANTES, MIP-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta, and IP-10 was highly up-regulated in the brain of NY strain-infected mice. By contrast, BLC mRNA was not detected in either group of mice, and BMAC mRNA was highly up-regulated in late stage of infection with the non-lethal Eg101 strain relative to levels in NY strain-infected mice.
ChemInform Abstract: Morphinans and 6‐Ketomorphinans Unsubstituted in the Aromatic Ring. High Analgesic Activity of (‐)‐6‐Keto‐N‐methylmorphinan. Part 4. (1982)

Abstract Die Eliminierung der OH‐Funktion im (J‐A1‐Hydroxy‐ö‐keto‐N‐methylmorphinan (Ia) durch Hydrierung des Ethers (Ib) führt zum Ketomorphinan (IIa), aus dem die Derivate (IIb)‐(IId) sowie durch Reduktion das Morphinan (III) hergestellt werden.
OP30.07: A new semi‐automated method for measuring volume of structures in the fetal brain (2017)

In this retrospective observational study we introduce a new, simple, MATLAB-based semi-automated method to measure volumes of structures in the fetal brain, and present normal volumetric curves of structures measured by it. The volume of the supratentorial brain, left and right hemispheres, cerebellum, and left and right eyeballs was measured retrospectively by the new semi-automated method, in MRI examinations of 94 normal fetuses. Four volume ratios were calculated. Inter-observer agreement was calculated using the ICC coefficient, and a Bland-Altman plot was drawn for comparison of manual and semi-automated methods measurements of the supratentorial brain. The research was approved by the Hospital Research Ethics Board. We present normal volumetric curves and normal percentile values of the structures measured according to gestational age, and of the ratios between the cerebellum and the supratentorial brain volume, and the total eyeball and the supratentorial brain volume. Inter-observer agreement was good or excellent for all structures measured. Bland-Altman between manual and semi-automated measurements showed a maximal relative difference of 7.84%. Supporting information can be found in the online version of this abstract Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Treatment and prognosis of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease. (1997)

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative diseases (PTLDs) are a clinically and morphologically heterogeneous group of lymphoid proliferations. They represent a life-threatening complication of solid organ transplantation. The mechanisms of their pathogenesis are not yet fully understood. A combination of impaired immunity, oncogenic consequences of immunosuppressive therapy and EBV infection may play a role. Studies on incidence, treatment and prognosis are difficult because of the small number of cases occurring at each transplant center and the lack of reliable classification. Overall mortality remains high even though 25% of patients require no other measure than reduction in immunosuppression which must be the first step of treatment. Several treatments are currently used but more adequate classification as well as multicenter studies are urgently needed because many questions remain with regard to therapeutic strategy. Late-onset monoclonal tumors may be treated by conventional chemotherapy, while EBV-positive PTLDs may benefit from other approaches such as antiviral therapies or immunologic modulation of tumor functions.
Wrist arthropathy in calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease (1975)

Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease is associated with chondrocalcinosis and a characteristic radiographic abnormality. In the wrist this abnormality consists of radiocarpal joint narrowing, sclerosis, and subchondral cystic degeneration of the carpal bones. These changes sometimes occur in the absence of chondrocalcinosis. Two investigate the significance of this occurrence, 18 patients with the radiographic abnormality of radiocarpal joint narrowing, sclerosis, and subchondral cystic degeneration were examined. Six had neither local wrist nor distant chondrocalcinosis. Five of the latter had wrist arthrocentesis and 4 had calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals. Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease can occur in the absence of chondrocalcinosis and the diagnosis is strongly suggested by a characteristic radiographic picture.
Biomass retrieval from P-band polarimetric and interferometric SAR data, challenges and recent results (2014)

In the frame of the Biomass mission activities, this paper presents the challenges and recent results in the retrieval of forest biomass from polarimetric (PolSAR) and interferometric (PolInSAR) P-band SAR data. During the mission Phase A, critical issues in the biomass retrieval algorithms in boreal and tropical forests have been identified and addressed. In boreal forest, multi polarization backscatter data can be used to mitigate much of the variability due to environment effects. In high biomass tropical forest, because of the low sensitivity of the backscatter to biomass, appropriate correction methods were developed to mitigate the disturbing effects. Also to enhance the retrieval results, a combination of PolSAR and PolInSAR methods was proposed.
A Cap-to-Tail Guide to mRNA Translation Strategies in Virus-Infected Cells (2016)

Although viruses require cellular functions to replicate, their absolute dependence upon the host translation machinery to produce polypeptides indispensable for their reproduction is most conspicuous. Despite their incredible diversity, the mRNAs produced by all viruses must engage cellular ribosomes. This has proven to be anything but a passive process and has revealed a remarkable array of tactics for rapidly subverting control over and dominating cellular regulatory pathways that influence translation initiation, elongation, and termination. Besides enforcing viral mRNA translation, these processes profoundly impact host cell-intrinsic immune defenses at the ready to deny foreign mRNA access to ribosomes and block protein synthesis. Finally, genome size constraints have driven the evolution of resourceful strategies for maximizing viral coding capacity. Here, we review the amazing strategies that work to regulate translation in virus-infected cells, highlighting both virus-specific tactics and the tremendous insight they provide into fundamental translational control mechanisms in health and disease.
On efficient black box optimization of systems defined by 100 or more parameters (2010)

In product development, the optimization of hectovariate systems (that is, depending on more than a hundred variables) is hard to handle with usual black box methods, since they require a huge number of experiments. That is an issue since each experiment can be both expensive and time-consuming. Furthermore, these methods can't even handle such big problems within a reasonable period of time. The Lean optimization algorithm [1] was one approach to overcome these difficulties. In this paper, we will come up with a new lean algorithm, inspired from [1] and developing new ideas. It will then be tested on some classical mathematical problems of various sizes and a practical example of combustion simulation engine issued from Volvo Technology. We will see that this new algorithm has a faster and more robust convergence, and is able to significantly improve most systems within a number of experiments less than the number of variables.
Treatment of Established Recurrent Hepatitis C in Liver-Transplant Recipients with Pegylated Interferon-alfa-2b and Ribavirin Therapy (2004)

Combination pegylated interferon with ribavirin appears to effective therapy in HCV recurrence and in HCV nonresponsive to interferon and ribavirin. This data reveals the difficulty and caution that must be taken when treating HCV-R liver-transplant recipients with combination pegylated alpha-2b interferon and ribavirin therapy.
Self-assembly of electro-active protein architectures on electrodes for the construction of biomimetic signal chains (2008)

The layer-by-layer adsorption technique based on the consecutive deposition of oppositely charged species is suitable for the preparation of protein multilayers with fully electro-active protein molecules. The methodology was established with cytochrome c and the polyelectrolyte sulfonated polyaniline (PASA). The technique is also useful for the construction of bi-protein architectures confining protein-protein communication to an electrode. Following natural examples of protein complexes with defined signal transfer, cytochrome c was arranged with enzymes such as xanthine oxidase, bilirubin oxidase, laccase, and sulfite oxidase in self-assembled multilayer architectures. Thus, biomimetic signal chains from the enzyme substrate via the enzyme and cytochrome c towards the electrode can be established. Communication between proteins immobilised in multiple layers on the electrode can be achieved by in situ generation of small shuttle molecules or more advantageously by direct interprotein electron transfer. This allows the construction of new sensing electrodes, the properties of which can be tuned by the number of deposited protein layers. The mechanism of electron transfer within such protein assemblies on gold electrodes will be discussed.
Molecular modelling of glycosyltransferases (2006)

Chapter describing general computational approach to study and
structure-function prediction of glycosyltransferases
Alumimun nitride piezoelectric NEMS resonators and switches (2010)

A major challenge associated with the demonstration of high frequency and fast NanoElectroMechanical Systems (NEMS) components is the ability to efficiently transduce the nanomechanical device. This work presents noteworthy opportunities associated with the scaling of piezoelectric aluminum nitride (AlN) films from the micro to the nano realm and their application to the making of efficient NEMS resonators and switches that can be directly interfaced with conventional electronics. Experimental data showing NEMS AlN resonators (250 nm thick with lateral features as small as 300 nm) vibrating at record-high frequencies approaching 10 GHz with Qs close to 500 are presented. These NEMS resonators could be employed as sensors to tag analyte concentrations that reach the part per trillion levels or for frequency synthesis and filtering in ultra-compact microwave transceivers. 100 nm thick AlN films have been used to fabricate NEMS actuators for mechanical computing applications. Experimental data confirming that bimorph nanopiezo- actuators have the same piezoelectric properties of microscale counterparts and can be adopted for the implementation of mechanical logic elements are presented.
Comparative analysis of two 3D integration implementations of a SAR processor (2009)

When designing 3DICs there are five major issues that differ from 2D that must receive special attention: power delivery, thermal density, design for test, clock tree design and floorplanning. Power delivery in 3D must receive special attention as 3D designs have larger supply currents flowing through the package power delivery pins, along with a longer power delivery path than in comparable 2D system. Thermal density is an issue as 3D integrated chips will have more heat density and less capacity to remove heat than a comparable 2D chip. 3D clock tree distribution is much more difficult than in 2D because the most commonly used methodologies and design tools are geared towards 2D designs and process variation between the different tiers makes it harder to keep skew, jitter and power consumption down. Design for test is harder in 3D because 3D vias provide another point of failure and post fabrication repairs such as focused ion beam are more difficult to perform in 3D. Finally, floorplanning is drastically different in 3D than in 2D, and the four aforementioned issues must all be taken into account during 3D floorplanning. In this paper, all five design issues are explored in the context of a high-resolution memory-on-logic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) processor. The SAR processor is chosen specifically as it requires a significant amount of memory bandwidth that is best met with the high I/O bandwidth afforded by a 3D process. The issues are examined in the context of two implementations for two different 3D integration processes. The first implementation was done in MIT Lincoln Laboratory's 3D FDSOI 1.5 V three tier process and is currently in fabrication. The second design is currently in the design stage, and will be fabricated in two tiers of Chartered Semiconductor's 130 nm process 3D integrated with two tiers of high bandwidth DRAM using Tezzaron Semiconductor's vertical interconnection technology.
Automated classification of congressional legislation (2006)

For social science researchers, content analysis and classification of United States Congressional legislative activities have been time consuming and costly. The Library of Congress THOMAS system provides detailed information about bills and laws, but its classification system, the Legislative Indexing Vocabulary (LIV), is geared toward information retrieval instead of the pattern or historical trend recognition that social scientists value. The same event (a bill) may be coded with many subjects at the same time, with little indication of its primary emphasis. In addition, because the LIV system has not been applied to other activities, it cannot be used to compare (for example) legislative issue attention to executive, media, or public issue attention.This paper presents the Congressional Bills Project's (www.congressionalbills.org) automated classification system. This system applies a topic spotting classification algorithm to the task of coding legislative activities into one of 226 subtopic areas. The algorithm uses a traditional bag-of-words document representation, an extensive set of human coded examples, and an exhaustive topic coding system developed for use by the Congressional Bills Project and the Policy Agendas Project (www.policyagendas.org). Experimental results demonstrate that the automated system is about as effective as human assessors, but with significant time and cost savings. The paper concludes by discussing challenges to moving the system into operational use.
A high efficiency voltage regulator module with single winding self-driven synchronous rectification (2002)

A high-current (60 A) low-voltage (1.5 V) DC/DC converter is designed and tested. Center-tapped and Current-doubler rectifiers are compared for high current fast dynamic applications. The selected topology is the half-bridge with current-doubler rectifier and single winding self-driven synchronous rectification (SWSDSR). This topology is very suitable for high-current low-voltage applications. However SWSDSR is successfully used only if all the parasitic inductances (transformer and layout) are minimized. Measured efficiency is 88% at full load 60 A.
Neuronal transfer of the human Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene increases the resistance of dopaminergic neurons to 6‐hydroxydopamine (2002)

Several mechanisms are thought to be involved in the progressive decline in neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) that leads to Parkinson's disease (PD). Neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), which induces parkinsonian symptoms in experimental animals, is thought to be formed endogenously in patients with PD through dopamine (DA) oxidation and may cause dopaminergic cell death via a free radical mechanism. We therefore investigated protection against 6-OHDA by inhibiting oxidative stress using a gene transfer strategy. We overexpressed the antioxidative Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) enzyme in primary culture dopaminergic cells by infection with an adenovirus carrying the human SOD1 gene (Ad-hSOD1). Survival of the dopaminergic cells exposed to 6-OHDA was 50% higher among the SOD1-producing cells than the cells infected with control adenoviruses. In contrast, no significant increased survival of (6-OHDA)-treated dopaminergic cells was observed when they were infected with an adenovirus expressing the H(2) O(2) -scavenging glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme. These results underline the major contribution of superoxide in the dopaminergic cell death process induced by 6-OHDA in primary cultures. Overall, this study demonstrates that the survival of the dopaminergic neurons can be highly increased by the adenoviral gene transfer of SOD1. An antioxidant gene transfer strategy using viral vectors expressing SOD1 is therefore potentially beneficial for protecting dopaminergic neurons in PD.