gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple chemosensory defects in daf-11 and daf-21 mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans. (1994)

Phenotypic analysis of the daf-11 and daf-21 mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans suggests that they have defects in components shared by processes analogous to vertebrate taste and olfaction. daf-11 and daf-21 mutations were previously shown to cause inappropriate response to the dauer-inducing pheromone. By mutational analysis and by disabling specific chemosensory sensilla with a laser, we show that neurons in the amphid sensilla are required for this pheromone response. Using behavioral assays, we find that daf-11 and daf-21 mutants are not defective in avoidance of certain non-volatile repellents, but are defective in taxis to non-volatile attractants. In addition, both mutants are defective in taxis to volatile attractants detected primarily by the amphid neuron AWC, but respond normally to volatile attractants detected primarily by AWA. We propose that daf-11 and daf-21 mediate sensory transduction for both volatile and non-volatile compounds in specific amphid neurons.
The Effect of High Power Adjustable Ring Mode Fiber Laser for Material Cutting (2017)

In this Master of Science Thesis is researched Corelase Oy's performance of ARM fiber laser source’s in laser cutting with different metals. The cutting quality was measured with surface roughness values and cutting edges angularity. \nThe theoretical part covers the principles of the fiber laser, CO2 laser, disk laser and Nd: YAG laser and how they apply to in laser cutting. Also, there is introduction to laser cutting and how the cutting quality can be measured and validate along standard SFS-ISO EN 9013. The test materials were copper, aluminium, mild steel and stainless steel. The copper was tested in 6 mm, 10 mm and 20 mm in thicknesses. The aluminium was tested at 15 mm and 20 mm thick plates. The mild steel had 5 mm, 15 mm and 20 mm plates and the stainless steel had 10 mm and 15 mm thick plates. The experiments were made with one test setup where were used ARM fiber laser source with the output powers of 2+6 kW and cutting head from Precitec. The study focus to find parameters sets which give metals good surface roughness value and to lower the dross formations under the cut edge. Also, the kerf opening angle was measured for 15 mm and 20 mm thick plates which had the best surface roughness. \nThe most effecting parameters to the surface roughness were the feed rate, the focal plane’s position and the nozzle diameter with the assistant gas pressure for all materials. For the mild steel (5 mm and 15 mm), the copper and the stainless steel were achieved the quality class of two for the surface roughness with the ARM laser. For the aluminium and the mild steel (20 mm) achieved the quality class level three. The burr get most effect from the nozzle diameter and the gas pressure. \nThe tests show that the ARM fiber laser source provide good cutting quality with only one type of cutting head. The ARM laser source is versatile what comes to laser cutting.
Jet engine gas path fault diagnosis using dynamic fusion of multiple classifiers (2008)

Jet engine gas path fault diagnosis is not only important in modern condition-based maintenance of aircraft engines, but also a challenging classification problem. Exploring more advanced classification techniques for achieving improved classification performance for gas path fault diagnosis, therefore, has been increasingly active in recent years in PHM community. To that end, in this paper, we apply a recently developed dynamic fusion scheme to gas path fault diagnosis. Through designing a real-world gas path fault diagnostic system, we demonstrate that dynamic fusion of multiple classifiers can be effective in improving classification performance of gas path diagnosis.
Giant aneurysms of the middle cerebral artery trifurcation treated with extracranial—intracranial arterial bypass and endovascular occlusion (1998)

Giant middle cerebral artery (MCA) trifurcation aneurysms that cannot be excluded directly can be treated by flow inversion achieved by creation of an extracranial-intracranial bypass distal to the aneurysm, followed by occlusion of the parent vessel proximal to the aneurysm. As opposed to surgical occlusion, endovascular occlusion avoids dissection of the aneurysm area, and the site of occlusion can be chosen according to the flow distribution demonstrated on angiography performed during test occlusions. Two patients with giant aneurysms of the MCA trifurcation benefited from flow inversion treatment. Forty-eight hours after an MCA-superficial temporal artery bypass had been created, the M1 segment was occluded by inserting a coil in the first patient and the internal carotid artery was occluded with balloons in the second patient (there was no communicating artery in the latter case). Both occlusions were performed immediately after a clinical test of occlusion tolerance. The patients were clinically intact during the postoperative course. Follow-up angiography performed 11 and 4 months, respectively, after vessel occlusion showed that the aneurysm occlusion was stable.
Biomechanical basis of orthotic management (1993)

Introduction and anatomical terminology An update in essential mechanics The biomechanics of orthoses A description of gait The patient-orthoses interface Foot orthoses Ankle-foot orthoses Knee orthoses Knee-ankle-foot orthoses Hip-knee-ankle-foot orthoses Upper limb
Reaction Mechanism of 17β-Estradiol Dehydrogenase Determined by Equilibrium Rate Exchange (1971)

Abstract The reaction mechanism of human placental estradiol dehydrogenase (17β-estradiol:NAD-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.62) has been investigated by measuring the rate of isotopic exchange between substrate-product pairs while varying concentrations of unlabeled reactants. The results show that the reaction is random with respect to order of substrate addition and that binary complex formation involving either cosubstrate or steroid may occur. Substitution of NADP:NADPH for NAD:NADH produces a marked increase in steroid exchange rates suggesting a decrease in steroid Michaelis constants. Inequality of cosubstrate and steroid exchange rates indicates that chemical transformation is not a rate-limiting step in the over-all reaction. No abortive complex formation was detected.
Relief of hot carrier constraint on submicron CMOS devices by use of a buried channel structure (1985)

Hot carrier effects of submicron buried channel NMOS devices with a LDD structure have been investigated because of a need to realize high performance future VLSI structure. The stress experiments show that the buried channel device is resistant to hot carrier effects and give a relief of hot carrier constraint for the scaled down devices. The improvement in hot carrier degradation is attributed to the deeper and broader current path in the buried channel structure. Dependences of the hot carrier effect and the short channel effect on the channel junction depth are discussed. These results help select the most promising buried channel CMOS structure for high-speed and high-reliability future VLSI.
COMPACT DUAL BAND SLOT LOADED CIRCULAR MICROSTRIP ANTENNA WITH A SUPERSTRATE (2008)

Design of a compact dual frequency microstrip antenna\nis presented. The structure consists of a slotted circular patch with\na dielectric superstrate. The superstrate,not only acts as a radome,\nbut improves the bandwidth and lowers the resonant frequency also.\nThe proposed design provides an overall size reduction of about 60%\ncompared to an unslotted patch along with good efficiency,gain\nand bandwidth. The polarization planes at the two resonances are\northogonal and can be simultaneously excited using a coaxial feed.\nParametric study of this configuration showed that the frequency ratio\nof the two resonances can be varied from 1.17 to 1.7 enabling its\napplications in the major wireless communication bands like AWS,\nDECT,PHS,Wi.Bro, ISM,and DMB. Design equations are also\ndeduced for the proposed antenna and validated.
On the advantages of elastic optical networks for provisioning of cloud computing traffic (2013)

This article provides motivation for the elastic optical network (EON) approach, an efficient and cost-effective solution for provisioning of cloud computing traffic. As opposed to wavelength switched optical networks (WSONs), the capabilities of which are limited by the use of rigid frequency grids, EON architectures allow for both scalable bandwidth provisioning and flexible resource allocation. The deployment cost, energy consumption, and bandwidth usage for both EON and classical WSON transport networks are compared in pan-European and U.S. backbone networks for 2012-2020 using Cisco traffic predictions. Results show that the EON concept significantly outperforms WSON in all examined criteria, and the gap between the two architectures increases in subsequent years. Moreover, potential advantages of anycast routing in transport networks with data center traffic are demonstrated.
Polarisation-independent switching in a nonlinear optical loop mirror by a dual-wavelength switching pulse (1993)

Polarisation-independent all-optical switching has been demonstrated in a nonlinear optical loop mirror using a switching pulse comprising two waves of orthogonal polarisation and a few nanometre wavelength separation. Neither a polarisation-maintaining loop fibre nor polarisation adjustment of the switching pulse was required in the loop mirror to achieve polarisation-independent switching.
Unravelling the differences: comparative proteomic analysis of a clonal virulent and an attenuated Histomonas meleagridis strain (2017)

The current study focused on Histomonas meleagridis, a unicellular protozoan, responsible for histomonosis in poultry. Recently, the occurrence of the disease increased due to the ban of effective chemotherapeutic drugs. Basic questions regarding the molecular biology, virulence mechanisms or even life cycle of the flagellate are still puzzling. In order to address some of these issues, we conducted a comparative proteomic analysis of a virulent and an attenuated H. meleagridis strain traced back to a single cell and propagated in vitro as monoxenic mono-eukaryotic cultures. Using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) for proteome visualization with computational 2-DE gel image and statistical analysis, upregulated proteins in either of the two H. meleagridis strains were detected. Statistical analysis fulfilling two criteria (≥threefold upregulation and P < 0.05) revealed 119 differentially expressed protein spots out of which 62 spots were noticed in gels with proteins from the virulent and 57 spots in gels with proteins from the attenuated culture. Mass spectrometric analysis of 32 protein spots upregulated in gels of the virulent strain identified 17 as H. meleagridis-specific. The identification revealed that these spots belonged to eight different proteins, with the majority related to cellular stress management. Two ubiquitous cellular proteins, actin and enolase, were upregulated in multiple gel positions in this strain, indicating either post-translational modification or truncation, or even both. Additionally, a known virulence factor named legumain cysteine peptidase was also detected. In contrast to this, mass spectrometric analysis of 49 protein spots, upregulated in gels of the attenuated strain, singled out 32 spots as specific for the flagellate. These spots were shown to correspond to 24 different proteins that reflect the increased metabolism, in vitro adaptation of the parasite, and amoeboid morphology. In addition to H. meleagridis proteins, the analysis identified differential expression of Escherichia coli DH5α proteins that could have been influenced by the co-cultivated H. meleagridis strain, indicating a reciprocal interaction of these two organisms during monoxenic cultivation.
Mining With Noise Knowledge: Error-Aware Data Mining (2008)

Real-world data mining deals with noisy information sources where data collection inaccuracy, device limitations, data transmission and discretization errors, or man-made perturbations frequently result in imprecise or vague data. Two common practices are to adopt either data cleansing approaches to enhance the data consistency or simply take noisy data as quality sources and feed them into the data mining algorithms. Either way may substantially sacrifice the mining performance. In this paper, we consider an error-aware (EA) data mining design, which takes advantage of statistical error information (such as noise level and noise distribution) to improve data mining results. We assume that such noise knowledge is available in advance, and we propose a solution to incorporate it into the mining process. More specifically, we use noise knowledge to restore original data distributions, which are further used to rectify the model built from noise- corrupted data. We materialize this concept by the proposed EA naive Bayes classification algorithm. Experimental comparisons on real-world datasets will demonstrate the effectiveness of this design.
5-Alkoxymethylenerhodanines and their Reactions with Rhodanines<sup>1</sup> (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT5-Alkoxymethylenerhodanines and their Reactions with Rhodanines1Chien-Pen Lo and W. J. CroxallCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 16, 4166–4169Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01645a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01645a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views141Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Safety of long-term large doses of aspartame (1989)

• Safety of long-term administration of 75 mg/kg of aspartame per day was evaluated with the use of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group design in 108 male and female volunteers aged 18 to 62 years. Subjects received either aspartame or placebo in capsule form three times daily for 24 weeks. No persistent changes over time were noted in either group in vital signs; body weight; results of standard laboratory tests; fasting blood levels of aspartame's constituent amino acids (aspartic acid and phenylalanine), other amino acids, and methanol; or blood formate levels and 24-hour urinary excretion of formate. There also were no statistically significant differences between groups in the number of subjects experiencing symptoms or in the number of symptoms per subject. These results further document the safety of the long-term consumption of aspartame at doses equivalent to the amount of aspartame in approximately 10 L of beverage per day. (<i>Arch Intern Med</i>. 1989;149:2318-2324)
Evidence for a common gene pool and frequent recombinational exchange of the tbpBA operon in Mannheimia haemolytica, Mannheimia glucosida and Bibersteinia trehalosi (2010)

The tbpBA operon was sequenced in 42 representative isolates of Mannheimia haemolytica (32), Mannheimia glucosida (6) and Bibersteinia trehalosi (4). A total of 27 tbpB and 20 tbpA alleles were identified whilst the tbpBA operon was represented by 28 unique alleles that could be assigned to seven classes. There were 1566 (34.8% variation) polymorphic nucleotide sites and 482 (32.1% variation) variable inferred amino acid positions among the 42 tbpBA sequences. The tbpBA operons of serotype A2 M. haemolytica isolates are, with one exception, substantially more diverse than those of the other M. haemolytica serotypes and most likely have a different ancestral origin. The tbpBA phylogeny has been severely disrupted by numerous small- and large-scale intragenic recombination events. In addition, assortative (entire gene) recombination events, involving either the entire tbpBA operon or the individual tbpB and tbpA genes, have played a major role in shaping tbpBA structure and it's distribution in the three species. Our findings indicate that a common gene pool exists for tbpBA in M. haemolytica, M. glucosida and B. trehalosi. In particular, B. trehalosi, M. glucosida and ovine M. haemolytica isolates share a large portion of the tbpA gene, and this probably reflects selection for a conserved TbpA protein that provides effective iron uptake in sheep. Bovine and ovine serotype A2 lineages have very different tbpBA alleles. Bovine-like tbpBA alleles have been partially, or completely, replaced by ovine-like tbpBA alleles in ovine serotype A2 isolates, suggesting that different transferrin receptors are required by serotype A2 isolates for optimum iron uptake in cattle and sheep. Conversely, the tbpBA alleles of bovine-pathogenic serotype A1 and A6 isolates are very similar to those of closely related ovine isolates, suggesting a recent and common evolutionary origin.
Models, algorithms and validation for opensource DEM and CFD-DEM (2012)

We present a multi–purpose CFD–DEM framework to simulate coupled fluid–granular systems. The motion of the particles is resolved by means of the Discrete Element Method (DEM), and the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method is used to calculate the interstitial fluid flow. We first give a short overview over the DEM and CFD–DEM codes and implementations, followed by elaborating on the numerical schemes and implementation of the CFD–DEM coupling approach, which comprises two fundamentally different approaches, the unresolved CFD–DEM and the resolved CFD–DEM using an Immersed Boundary (IB) method. Both the DEM and the CFD–DEM approach are successfully tested against analytics as well as experimental data.
Assessing the Prevalence of Unwanted Childhood Sexual Experiences (1992)

A survey of 345 college men and women avoided the conceptual and definitional of past studies of sexual victimization bv using an explicit checklist to ask respondents which of a variety of overt sexual behaviors they had experienced before the age of 16 when they did not want to. Forty-five percent of the group reported bothersome incidents, and a fifth of them, both males and females, had engaged in unwanted oral, anal, or vaginal sex. When they occurred, these severe experiences occurred both more frequently and for longer periods than did less severe experiences. The checklist procedure may be an optimal method for eliciting self-report of early, aversive sexual experiences, which may be considerably more prevalent than is commonly believed.
Constant-False-Alarm-Rate Signal Processors for Several Types of Interference (1972)

Distribution-free methods and maximum-likelihood estimation technique have been previously suggested for constant-false-alarm-rate (CFAR) processors. The first technique assumes no a priori environmental knowledge and the second assumes almost complete environmental knowledge. Several intermediate environmental assumptions are considered. The performance of single-pulse transmission signal processors that produce CFAR for the different environments is analyzed. Probability of target detection is evaluated for Rayleigh interference and Swerling I target. It is shown that adaptive threshold techniques implemented by logarithmic amplifiers, instead of linear amplifiers, can attain better false-alarm-rate control with only small loss in target detectability.
The Respiratory Syncytial Virus Polymerase Has Multiple RNA Synthesis Activities at the Promoter (2012)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an RNA virus in the Family Paramyxoviridae. Here, the activities performed by the RSV polymerase when it encounters the viral antigenomic promoter were examined. RSV RNA synthesis was reconstituted in vitro using recombinant, isolated polymerase and an RNA oligonucleotide template representing nucleotides 1-25 of the trailer complement (TrC) promoter. The RSV polymerase was found to have two RNA synthesis activities, initiating RNA synthesis from the +3 site on the promoter, and adding a specific sequence of nucleotides to the 3' end of the TrC RNA using a back-priming mechanism. Examination of viral RNA isolated from RSV infected cells identified RNAs initiated at the +3 site on the TrC promoter, in addition to the expected +1 site, and showed that a significant proportion of antigenome RNAs contained specific nucleotide additions at the 3' end, demonstrating that the observations made in vitro reflected events that occur during RSV infection. Analysis of the impact of the 3' terminal extension on promoter activity indicated that it can inhibit RNA synthesis initiation. These findings indicate that RSV polymerase-promoter interactions are more complex than previously thought and suggest that there might be sophisticated mechanisms for regulating promoter activity during infection.
Condom Characteristics: The Perceptions and Preferences of Men in the United States (1993)

Perceptions regarding the consequences of condom use, as well as preferred characteristics of condoms, are examined in a nationally representative sample of 3,321 men aged 20-39. The psychological and interpersonal effect most often cited is that using a condom "shows that you are a concerned and caring person." This is particularly the case among black men and men who are young and have low educational attainments. However, the same men usually agree that using a condom sends unwanted messages to one's partner--for example, that doing so "makes your partner think that you have AIDS" and "shows that you think that your partner has AIDS." In contrast, white men and those who are highly educated tend to cite embarrassment when buying condoms as a frequent consequence of condom use. The device-related consequences cited most often, particularly among black, unmarried, young and poorly educated men, are that using a condom results in reduced sensation, that one must be careful during sex or the condom may break and that one must withdraw quickly after sex or the condom may come off. When purchasing condoms, most men look for those that are easy to put on, have the right amount of lubrication and stay on; these preferences are particularly prevalent among black men. Few men identify color, ribbing and partner's preference for condom type as important.
Advances in Pesticide Formulation Technology (1984)

Pesticide formulation science is a very broad field because it must deal with formulation development, production and storage (1-4) as well as the interaction of the pesticide with plants, insects, mammals, soil, air and water (5). Pesticide formulations can be classified into the following types: · Aqueous Solutions · Emulsifiable Concentrates · Dispersion Concentrates (Aqueous and Nonaqueous Flowables) · Wettable Powders · Dry Flowables (Water Dispersible Granules) · Granules · Controlled Release · Others (Dusts, Aerosols, etc.) The factors which influence the choice of formulation are pesticide physical properties (melting point, solubility, volatility), pesticide chemical properties (hydrolytic stability, thermal stability), soil application vs. foliar application, crop and cultural practice, pesticide biological properties (crop selectivity, transport), and economics. This book is a collection of papers concentrating on pesticide formulation topics which are currently receiving the greatest attention and where the greatest advances are being made. These topics are listed below and