gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Porosity predicted from ultrasound backscatter using multivariate analysis can improve accuracy of cortical bone thickness assessment (2017)

A rapidly growing area of interest in quantitative ultrasound assessment of bone is to determine cortical bone porosity from ultrasound backscatter. Current backscatter analyses are based on numerical simulations, while there are no published reports of successful experimental measurements. In this study, multivariate analysis is applied to ultrasound reflections and backscatter to predict cortical bone porosity. The porosity is then applied to estimate cortical bone radial speed of sound (SOS) and thickness using ultrasound backscatter signals obtained at 2.25 and 5 MHz center frequencies from cortical bone samples (n = 43) extracted from femoral diaphyses. The study shows that the partial least squares regression technique could be employed to successfully predict (R<sup>2 </sup>= 0.71-0.73) cortical porosity. It is found that this multivariate approach can reduce uncertainty in pulse-echo assessment of cortical bone thickness from 0.220 to 0.045 mm when porosity based radial SOS was applied, instead of a constant value from literature. Upon further validation, accurate estimation of cortical bone porosity and thickness may be applied as a financially viable option for fracture risk assessment of individuals.
Studies on the Metabolism of Pantothenic Acid in Microorganisms Part II (1972)

The possibility for the formation of coenzyme A in a larger amount from pantothenic acid and cysteine was investigated with baker's yeast under the condition coupled with ATP-generating system. Effect of various factors affecting the accumulation of coenzyme A was investigated.Among them, glucose concentration and inorganic phosphorus concentration were the most important factors for its accumulation. Coenzyme A was not accumulated without the phosphorylation of AMP to ATP. Several cationic surfactants stimulated the accumulation of coenzyme A. The amount of coenzyme A accumulated reached about 200μg per ml of the reaction mixture under the suitable reaction conditions employed.
Genotypic Evolution of Azole Resistance Mechanisms in Sequential <i>Candida albicans</i> Isolates (2007)

TAC1 (for transcriptional activator of CDR genes) is critical for the upregulation of the ABC transporters CDR1 and CDR2, which mediate azole resistance in Candida albicans. While a wild-type TAC1 allele drives high expression of CDR1/2 in response to inducers, we showed previously that TAC1 can be hyperactive by a gain-of-function (GOF) point mutation responsible for constitutive high expression of CDR1/2. High azole resistance levels are achieved when C. albicans carries hyperactive alleles only as a consequence of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the TAC1 locus on chromosome 5 (Chr 5), which is linked to the mating-type-like (MTL) locus. Both are located on the Chr 5 left arm along with ERG11 (target of azoles). In this work, five groups of related isolates containing azole-susceptible and -resistant strains were analyzed for the TAC1 and ERG11 alleles and for Chr 5 alterations. While recovered ERG11 alleles contained known mutations, 17 new TAC1 alleles were isolated, including 7 hyperactive alleles with five separate new GOF mutations. Single-nucleotide-polymorphism analysis of Chr 5 revealed that azole-resistant strains acquired TAC1 hyperactive alleles and, in most cases, ERG11 mutant alleles by LOH events not systematically including the MTL locus. TAC1 LOH resulted from mitotic recombination of the left arm of Chr 5, gene conversion within the TAC1 locus, or the loss and reduplication of the entire Chr 5. In one case, two independent TAC1 hyperactive alleles were acquired. Comparative genome hybridization and karyotype analysis revealed the presence of isochromosome 5L [i(5L)] in two azole-resistant strains. i(5L) leads to increased copy numbers of azole resistance genes present on the left arm of Chr 5, among them TAC1 and ERG11. Our work shows that azole resistance was due not only to the presence of specific mutations in azole resistance genes (at least ERG11 and TAC1) but also to their increase in copy number by LOH and to the addition of extra Chr 5 copies. With the combination of these different modifications, sophisticated genotypes were obtained. The development of azole resistance in C. albicans is therefore a powerful instrument for generating genetic diversity.
902. Some stereochemical studies of lignans (1958)

A. J. Birch, B. Milligan, E. Smith and R. N. Speake, J. Chem. Soc., 1958, 4471 DOI: 10.1039/JR9580004471
Clinical Fluoroscopy Physics (2020)

Fluoroscopy was adapted for medical use as early as radiography, and as such has claimed clinical physics support since the early years. Fluoroscopy, similar to mammography and radiography, has experienced and is currently experiencing a change from analogue to digital detectors. The analogue image intensifier (II) detectors are being replaced by flat panel systems. Flat-panel detectors have unique noise characteristics, in that noise tends to be a more significant issue at low doses than was exhibited in II systems. Digital signals from flat-panel detectors provide opportunities for temporal filtering as well as other post-processing functions that can affect image quality. Image quality can be more readily assessed, optimized, and tracked if quantified. The transition to digital technology enables more convenient quantitation of image quality. Digital technology has enabled a multiplicity of clinical applications for fluoroscopic systems. Performance monitoring is another emerging technology across imaging including fluoroscopy.
APPLICATION OF PATTERN RECOGNITION TO FORECAST CONGESTED CONDITIONS ON THE FREEWAY FOR USE IN RAMP METERING -- VOLUME II. FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT (1993)

The current project addressed two major weak points of the existing Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) ramp control system. One weak point in the system is the fact that it reacts to the problem (congestion), rather than preventing the problem. The other weak point in the system is its reliance on detector data that may be in error. Both of these problems can be minimized by developing methods to accurately predict short-term traffic data. By predicting the onset of congestion early enough, the ramp metering system can act to prevent or delay occurrence of the problem. Also, if a detector has failed or is malfunctioning, the data from the detector can be estimated from short-term predictions based on neighboring detectors. At the beginning of the current project, the researchers had hoped that the same model would provide a basis for both forecasting congestion (for predictive ramp control) and replacing erroneous data (predicting actual values). However, the best congestion or breakdown flow forecaster (the pattern recognition method) does not provide a basis for data prediction. The best method for filling in missing detector data turned out to be multivariate time series analysis. Several pattern recognition and time series models were tested for further development. In both cases, the simpler models turned out to be the best choices, and in both cases, further model testing and development were recommended. The research on both model types continues in follow-up studies that are expected to lead to incorporation of these models in the new TSMC computer system.
User-Centric Retrieval of Visual Surveillance Content. (2007)

Abstract—An interactive retrieval method adapted to surveillance video is presented. The approach is formulated as an iterative SVM classification and builds upon the two major specificities of the surveillance context, namely the multiple instance nature of the data and the reduced number of training examples the user can provide at each round. The later issue is solved thanks to a new adaptive active learning strategy as well as an intuitive graphical user interface. The system has been validated on both synthetic and real datasets. Index Terms—Surveillance video retrieval, multiple-instance, relevance feedback, active learning, GUI. I.
The Retina: Morphology, Function, and Clinical Characteristics. (1970)

The first two major groups of papers deal with morphology and function, respectively. The papers in the morphology section follow in a logical sequence the same sequence that occurs in the transduction of light to optic nerve activity in the retina. The first paper in the section is that by Moyer on development, structure, and function of pigmented epithelium. In it he presents some speculative and highly provocative ideas such as a role for the epithelium in active transport of Clions; control of visual sensitivity and acuity by photomechanical response of melanin granules; and direct electrical stimulation of iris muscles through tight junctions. Cohen, in the second paper, deals with receptor morphology and its relation to visual excitation. Among other topics he discusses receptors as waveguides, localization of visual pigment within receptor structures, and descriptions of receptor terminals and their contacts with second-order neurons. The outer plexiform layer is treated
Severe Combined Immunodeficient Mice Engrafted with Macaque Peripheral Blood Leukocytes Support Replication of SIVsmm (1998)

Peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) from normal pigtail macaques were engrafted into severe combined immunodeficient C.B-17 scid/scid (SCID) mice to develop a small animal model in which to study and identify genetic determinants responsible for the acutely lethal disease syndrome induced by SIVsmmPBj14 (SIV-PBj14) in pigtail macaques. In vivo infection of macaques with SIV-PBj14 results in acute disease in all animals and death of most animals, depending on the route of infection, due to immune activation and production of inflammatory cytokines. A small animal model in which a similar acute disease syndrome was induced would facilitate screening of virus variants to identify regions of the SIV-PBj14 genome responsible for the unique phenotype. Although intraperitoneal inoculation of SCID mice with SIV-PBj14-infected PBLs or uninfected PBLs followed by cell-free SIV-PBj14 produced chimeric mac-PBL-SCID mice that supported SIV replication, obvious clinical signs of disease were not observed. SIV-infected macaque PBLs were recovered from spleen, bone marrow, peripheral blood, and the peritoneal cavity; cell-free SIV was recovered from peritoneal lavage fluid and serum or plasma. PBLs that were mitogen stimulated and SIV-PBj14 infected in vitro migrated rapidly and were recovered from the spleen and bone marrow as early as 1 day after inoculation of mice. The mac-PBL-SCID model may be useful for screening potential drug or immunomodulatory therapies before testing in macaques.
An Enhanced Chemiluminescent Enzyme Immunoassay for Follicle Stimulating Hormone (1989)

An enhanced chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay for serum follicle stimulating hormone is described which involves sequential reaction of anti-follicle stimulating hormone antibody immobilised to the inside surface of an opaque microtitre plate with sample, monoclonal anti-alpha thyroid stimulating hormone antibody, and an anti-mouse IgG - horseradish peroxidase conjungate. Bound peroxidase activity was measured using a p-hydroxycinnamic acid enhanced chemiluminescent luminol-hydrogen peroxide reaction. The assay was sensitive (detection limit 0.01 mU/well) precise (intra-assay precision 2.5-8.1%, inter-assay precision 6.7-11.9%) and results obtained with this assay and a competitive radioimmunoassay were in good agreement (correlation coefficient 0.98).
Heterocycles. 7. A facile synthesis of 6,7‐dihydroxs‐1,4‐dithiepins (1979)

Abstract Ring expansion by dehydration of 1,3‐dithian‐2‐ylmethanols gives 6,7‐dihydro‐5 H ‐1,4‐dithiepins.
Etude du rôle de la GPIbβ dans la thrombopoïèse et les fonctions plaquettaires (2004)

The glycoprotein (GP) Ib-V-IX complex is a specialized multisubunit receptor abundantly expressed at the surface of platelets and whose physiological role is to ensure normal haemostasis. This property is best illustrated by the existence of a severe bleeding tendency in patients with the rare Bernard-Soulier syndrome resulting from a genetic defect of the GPIb-V-IX complex. Increased bleeding is mainly due to the lack of platelet adhesion to VWF mediated by the complex, resulting in defective platelet plug formation at sites of vessel wall injury. These patients additionally have platelets with enlarged size and decreased numbers in the circulation. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the role, in vivo and in vitro, of the GPIb-V-IX complex, and more particularly the role of GPIb within this complex, in platelet function and in platelet production. For this study, two genetically modified mouse models were engineered. A Bernard-Soulier-like knock-out strain was generated by inactivating the GPIbβ gene (GPIbβ KO) and a knock-in strain was created by interrupting the sequence coding for the GPIbβ intracellular domain (GPIbβC). The GPIbβKO mice exhibited the Bernard-Soulier phenotype, which is thrombocytopenia, giant platelets and a severely prolonged bleeding time. The further perspectives of this work will be to evaluate the function of GPIbβ in haemostatic function and in artertial thrombosis. Another aspect of this work was to evaluate, in vitro, the function of the GPIbβ subunit by transfecting mutated GPIb-IX complex into CHO cells. Three mutations from patients were reproduced and analysed. This study underlined the key role of the GPIbβ in the biosynthesis process and precised the structural domains essential for the complex expression. Overall, these results have provided direct evidence for the involvement of the GPIbβ in platelet function and the transgenic mice will proved useful to directly evaluate the role of this subunit in in vivo thrombosis.
The White Noise Approximation (1969)

It is proved that the random-variable coefficients of the orthonormal vector components of a Gaussian noise process converge to uncorrelated and identically distributed random variables as the power density spectrum of the process approaches a constant almost everywhere. An example is then given to suggest the rate of convergence and the ratio of noise bandwidth to signal bandwidth required for good approximation of the noise process by the white noise process.
P951 Intraprocedural echocardiographic technique to locate the insertion points of artificial chordae during transventricular beating heart mitral valve repair: ultrasound ""starry sky"" (2020)

Abstract BACKGROUND Mitral valve repair is the preferred surgical treatment for severe mitral regurgitation due to degenerative leaflet prolapse. Within the growing era of transcatheter treatments for valvular heart disease, an innovative micro-invasive trans-ventricular beating-heart procedure was developed. Three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiographic guidance is crucial to assist the operator in instrument navigation and chords positioning. Indeed, it is important an equidistant chords placement on the leaflet to ensure a uniform force distribution on the prolapsing segment and to avoid damaging of the previously inserted chords. PURPOSE To propose an intraoperative three-dimensional echocardiographic technique that allows operators to see the exact location of the polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) chords used for the mitral repair. METHODS The procedure is performed using a device that is introduced through a posterolateral ventriculotomy and it is advanced towards the mitral valve under real-time 3D transoesophageal guidance. The prolapsing segments are grasped with the jaw of the instrument and the chords are implanted to achieve the proper distribution of forces and then tensioned and secured outside the ventricle. The proposed technique exploits the greater echogenicity of the artificial chord loop compared to native chords and leaflets. By lowering of the gains, remaining in the three-dimensional mitral valve surgical view, the signals of the native structures are attenuated, the underlying ventricular cavity appears black and the insertion points are visible as an intense signal on the virtual free edge of the leaflet treated. Figure 1 shows the intraoperative sequence of images of a case performed at our centre. The images were acquired using real time single beat three-dimensional reconstruction. Figure 1A shows the surgical view of the native valve with prolapse of the P2-P3 scallops. Image 1B reveals the prolapsing leaflet grasping and device location. After gain lowering, it’s possible to see the intense signal of the positioned artificial chord (Figure 1C). It can also be noted how this position matches with the position of the device at the time of grasping. Image 1D shows the partial disappearance of the prolapse during the tensioning test after the positioning of a second chord in a more medial position. Figure 1E shows the correct position of the ePTFE chords. We can notice the second chord placed in a medial position from the first one. This view, with dark ventricular chamber and intense signals of chordae loops, looks like a "STARRY SKY". RESULTS This technique allows to locate the correct insertion points of the artificial chords during the procedure. CONCLUSIONS This is a simple technique to guide operators during trans-ventricular beating heart mitral valve repair with ePTFE chords. Abstract P951 Figure 1
Preparation of Si-carbon nanotube composite by decomposition of tetramethylsilane (TMS) and its hydrogen storage property (2006)

Hydrogen storage property of Si–carbon nanotube composite was studied. It was found that the carbon nanotube coated Si particle was prepared by the decomposition of tetramethylsilane by using Ni catalyst. The obtained composite was consisted of the spherical Si particle with 300 nm diameter and the surface of Si particle was coated with carbon nanotube with 10 nm diameter. The obtained Si–carbon nanotube composite shows a fairly large hydrogen storage capacity of 2.5 wt%. The amount of storage H2 increased with increasing the preparation temperature and the largest hydrogen storage amount could be achieved at 1273 K for 6 h. Fairly large hydrogen storage capacity could be sustained after 3 cycles of adsorption and desorption.
The <i>Escherichia coli</i> MG1655 <i>in silico</i> metabolic genotype: Its definition, characteristics, and capabilities (2000)

The Escherichia coli MG1655 genome has been completely sequenced. The annotated sequence, biochemical information, and other information were used to reconstruct the E. coli metabolic map. The stoichiometric coefficients for each metabolic enzyme in the E. coli metabolic map were assembled to construct a genome-specific stoichiometric matrix. The E. coli stoichiometric matrix was used to define the system's characteristics and the capabilities of E. coli metabolism. The effects of gene deletions in the central metabolic pathways on the ability of the in silico metabolic network to support growth were assessed, and the in silico predictions were compared with experimental observations. It was shown that based on stoichiometric and capacity constraints the in silico analysis was able to qualitatively predict the growth potential of mutant strains in 86% of the cases examined. Herein, it is demonstrated that the synthesis of in silico metabolic genotypes based on genomic, biochemical, and strain-specific information is possible, and that systems analysis methods are available to analyze and interpret the metabolic phenotype.
Pulsed laser study of the propagation kinetics of acrylamide and methacrylamide in water (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPulsed laser study of the propagation kinetics of acrylamide and methacrylamide in waterPhilippe Pascal, Donald H. Napper, Robert G. Gilbert, Mark C. Piton, and Mitchell A. WinnikCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 24, 5161–5163Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00226a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00226a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views179Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sensor calibration using density estimation-based error model (2005)

We propose a sensor calibration approach that is based on constructing statistical error models that capture the characteristics of the measurement errors. The approach is generic in the sense that it can be utilized in any arbitrary sensor modalities. The error models can be constructed either off-line or on-line and is derived using the nonparametric kernel density estimation techniques. Models constructed using various forms of the kernel smoothing functions are compared and contrasted using statistical evaluation methods. Based on the selected error model, we propose four alternatives to make the transition from the error model to the calibration model, which is represented by piece-wise polynomials. In addition, statistical validation and evaluation methods such as resubstitution, is used in order to establish the interval of confidence for both the error model and the calibration model. Traces of the acoustic signal-based distance measurements recorded by in-field deployed sensors are used as our demonstrative example. Furthermore, we discuss the broad range of applications of the error models and provide a tangible example on how adopting statistical error model as the optimization objective impacts the accuracy of the location discovery task for wireless ad-hoc sensor networks.
STUDY ON CASING PERFORMANCES IN CENTRIFUGAL SLURRY PUMPS (1985)

ABSTRACT The pump casing is the most expensive wear component of a centrifugal slurry pump. It determines to a large extent the hydraulic performance of the pump and plays a major role in the overall wear life of the unit. This paper suggests a new approach to compute the mixture velocity and solid particle dynamics in the casing, and on this basis the erosion wear distribution inside the pump casing. Numerical analysis was performed using the finite element method. The model was tested using Georgia Iron Works (GIW) pump casings, at flowrates between 2000 and 4000 US-GPM (US gallons ner minute). The experimental results were obtained in the Hydrualic Laboratory and in field applications in mining and dredging industries. The suggested techniques are useful for estimating casing wear rates and for the optimal design and selection of slurry pumps.