gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of the interaction of sulfur dioxide with hydrogen sulfide in moist gases (1980)

The following mechanism is postulated for the interaction of sulfur dioxide with hydrogen sulfide in moist gases. Homogeneous condensation of water vapor results in formation of unstable complexes having energy in excess over the statistical-mean energy of their nominally stable existence. Tending to yield their excess energy in the course of vibrational relaxation, these complexes transfer it preferentially to sulfur dioxide (and possibly also hydrogen sulfide) molecules present in the gas or bound to them by weak bonds due to association. The existence of weak interaction here should facilitate relaxation processes, which in this case may develop intramolecularly. Thus, a certain excess energy reserve may accumulate in the sulfur dioxide molecules, i.e., the effective temperature of the sulfur dioxide molecules may be significantly higher than the temperature of the gas. Subsequently the sulfur dioxide molecule may either transfer this excess energy during further collisions or, if the energy reserve exceeds a certain necessary value, it may react with another molecule present in the gas; in the present instance with a hydrogen sulfide molecule. The surface of the water drops and drop nuclei formed may serve as the heterogeneous factor here. The above interpretation provides an explanation of the high degreesmore » of conversion of sulfurous gases during sulfur formation in the course of activity of volcanic fumaroles, and also of the complex chemical recombinations observed in the atmosphere during smog formation. The conditions of intensive interaction discovered here can be applied to development of new processes for sulfur recovery from waste gases. In particular, the authors have proposed and tested a method for additional purification of sulfurous' exit gases from sulfur plants at oil and gas refineries, which may be economically justifiable if unutilized excess heat is available.« less
Time domain acoustic contrast control implementation of sound zones for low-frequency input signals (2016)

Sound zones are two or more regions within a listening space where listeners are provided with personal audio. Acoustic contrast control (ACC) is a sound zoning method that maximizes the average squared sound pressure in one zone constrained to constant pressure in other zones. State-of-the-art time domain broadband acoustic contrast control (BACC) methods are designed for anechoic environments. These methods are not able to realize a flat frequency response in a limited frequency range within a reverberant environment. Sound field control in a limited frequency range is a requirement to accommodate the effective working range of the loudspeakers. In this paper, a new BACC method is proposed which results in an implementation realizing a flat frequency response in the target zone. This method is applied in a bandlimited low-frequency scenario where the loudspeaker layout surrounds two controlled zones. The performance is verified with experimental results in an acoustically damped room.
Identification of reaction products of methamphetamine and hydrogen peroxide in hair dye and decolorant treatments by high‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (2001)

The effect of hydrogen peroxide, a main component of hair dye and decolorant treatments, on methamphetamine (MA) was studied. Two analytical methods, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), were used for the separation and identification of MA derivatives. Mixtures of MA solutions and hydrogen peroxide that had been incubated at 39°C for 24 h were shown to contain para-hydroxy MA by TLC and para-, meta- and ortho-hydroxy MAs by LC/MS. In addition, MA N-oxide and N-hydroxy MA were found in MA/hydrogen peroxide mixtures immediately after mixing. Therefore, we concluded that MA changed to MA N-oxide and N-hydroxy MA before changing to para-, meta- and ortho-hydroxy MAs. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Abbreviations used: AP amphetamine CID collision-induced dissociation OHMA hydroxy MA MA methamphetamine TIC total ion chromatogram
Puberdade e maturidade sexual em touros bovinos (2015)

A eficiência econômica de um sistema de produção está associada à capacidade produtiva e reprodutiva do rebanho. Desse modo, a eficiência reprodutiva dos rebanhos é um dos fatores determinantes da eficiência total de produção, e deve, portanto, ser considerada como critério de seleção em programas de melhoramento genético animal, podendo ser considerada como uma das mais importantes características econômicas avaliadas pelos criadores de gado de corte. Nesse contexto, o macho bovino tem um papel relevante por contribuir para a manutenção das características de interesse nos sistemas de produção. Rebanhos detentores de elevada precocidade sexual e fertilidade possuem maior disponibilidade de animais, tanto para venda como para seleção, permitindo maior intensidade seletiva e, consequentemente, progressos genéticos mais elevados e maior lucratividade. Desse modo, o objetivo desta revisão é discutir alguns aspectos sobre a puberdade e maturidade sexual em touros de raças taurinas e zebuínas.
Dr.LiTHO: a development and research lithography simulator (2007)

This paper introduces Dr.LiTHO, a research and development oriented lithography simulation environment developed at Fraunhofer IISB to flexibly integrate our simulation models into one coherent platform. We propose a light-weight approach to a lithography simulation environment: The use of a scripting (batch) language as an integration platform. Out of the great variety of different scripting languages, Python proved superior in many ways: It exhibits a good-natured learning-curve, it is efficient, available on virtually any platform, and provides sophisticated integration mechanisms for existing programs. In this paper, we will describe the steps, required to provide Python bindings for existing programs and to finally generate an integrated simulation environment. In addition, we will give a short introduction into selected software design demands associated with the development of such a framework. We will especially focus on testing and (both technical and user-oriented) documentation issues. Dr.LiTHO Python files contain not only all simulation parameter settings but also the simulation flow, providing maximum flexibility. In addition to relatively simple batch jobs, repetitive tasks can be pooled in libraries. And as Python is a full-blown programming language, users can add virtually any functionality, which is especially useful in the scope of simulation studies or optimization tasks, that often require masses of evaluations. Furthermore, we will give a short overview of the numerous existing Python packages. Several examples demonstrate the feasibility and productiveness of integrating Python packages into custom Dr.LiTHO scripts.
Improved language performance in Alzheimer disease following brain stimulation (2010)

The findings provide initial evidence for the persistent beneficial effects of rTMS on sentence comprehension in AD patients. Rhythmic rTMS, in conjunction with other therapeutic interventions, may represent a novel approach to the treatment of language dysfunction in AD patients.
PTSD Treatment for Veterans: What's Working, What's New, and What's Next. (2016)

More than a decade of war in the Middle East has pushed post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to the forefront of public health concerns. The author defines the disorder and discusses risk factors, treatments, and the barriers to effective care.
Serotypes of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus Isolates from Field Cases in Japan (1982)

Eight etiologic agents isolated from field cases in Japan were identified as isolates of infectious bronchitis virus by agar-gel diffusion, buoyant-density determination on sucrose-density centrifugation, and morphological study by electron microscope of the purified viruses. In studies of the antigenic relationships of the eight isolates and six known infectious bronchitis viruses, antigenic diversity of these viruses was recognized from the degrees of relatedness using a plaque reduction in the "constant-virus decreasing-serum" method.
A Composite Discrete/Continuous Control of Robot Manipulators (1991)

Abstract : In this report, a composite control scheme for the control of robot manipulators is proposed. Due to the modeling error or environmental uncertainties, robot motion may present a significant positioning error by using a conventional Computer-Torque Method. To improve tracking capability of robot manipulators, sliding mode control and nonlinear control algorithms have been introduced, but computation is costly, and thus a fast motion execution using simple computer sources is impossible. To solve this problem, we present a composite control algorithm to control robot motion combining a discrete feedforward component and a continuous feedback component. The discrete feed-forward component provides a nominal torque computed using the robot dynamics and compensates for dynamic between the links. This part can be updated in a large sampling time, and can be computed off-line generally, thus real time computation is decreased. The continuous feedback control component uses a structure of Variable Structure System and provides a robust control to disturbances during the sliding mode. This part can be digitally implemented using a short sampling time, and thus a fast motion of a multi-degree freedom robot manipulator can be executed by using a computer, or even a single board computer with an 8-bit CPU. The stability of the proposed multiple-rate control scheme is proven in the paper and efficiency of the control scheme has been demonstrated by simulations of a three-link robot subject to parameter and payload uncertainties.
Objective analysis of the vorticity field within a region of no data (1962)

Objective methods for estimating meteorological fields within so-called “data-holes” are compared. In particular, if Ψ is the streamfunction, a solution of the biharmonic equation ▽4Ψ = 0 subject to specified values of Ψ and δΨ/δn around the boundary of the hole is shown to provide a field whose mean square wind velocity error is comparable to that obtained by RICHARDSON (1961) for a hole 1200 km square using THOMPSON’S (1961) technique of sequential Lagrangian advection of known vorticity into the hole from outside. A scheme is suggested, combining certain advantages of both methods, which involves the Lagrangian advection of vorticity and periodic adjustment of the vorticity field to conform with the known changes in Ψ and δΨ/δn around the boundary.
Acral Lentiginous Melanoma (1982)

Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is the fourth clinicopathologic variant of malignant melanoma. It occurs on volar surfaces of hands and feet, subungual sites, and fingers or toes. It is characterized by slow lentiginous radial growth and central plaque-like thickening, heavily pigmented tumor cells, markedly thickened papillary dermis, and diffuse reticular infiltration. Lesions are unusually large and, in most cases, thick and ulcerated. There were 180 patients with acral melanoma (AM), which includes 67 in whom the specific features of ALM could be documented. One hundren sixty had primary lesions on ;the foot, and 20 occurred on the hand. There were 104 men and 76 women. There were 41 black patients and 139 whites. Five-year survivals following all modalities of therapy in 122 patients with Stage I acral melanoma is 63% for planter/palmar lesions, 58% for subungual lesions, and 27% for skin of digits. For the subgroup of Stage I patients with ALM treated by surgery and regional chemotherapy by perfusion, the five-year survival for all sites is 72% and 56% at 10 and 15 years, respectively. Survival in ALM is essentially the same as for all AM lesions.
The National Bureau of Standards and the Radium Dial Painters (2021)

The tragedy of the radium poisoning of young women dial painters in the 1920s has been the subject of best-selling books, plays, and motion pictures. With knowledge about radium and its accurate measurements in the hands of a very few scientists, what responsibilities did they have to sound the alarm and mitigate the hazards to workers and the general public? This two-part analysis looks at the role of the staff of the U.S. Bureau of Standards (the National Bureau of Standards [NBS] after 1934) in developing measurements and standards for accurate determinations of radium-226 and radon-222 that ultimately led to national standards for exposure to radioactive substances. Part I looks at the efforts of Elizabeth Hughes, with guidance from her senior colleague at the NBS, to assist dial painters with obtaining redress for their injuries. Part II examines the role of NBS in establishing the national radiation protection standards that were promulgated by the U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC) and the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP).
[Application of the polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR) to the molecular diagnosis of myotonic dystrophy]. (1991)

We report the application of the PCR technique to study the CKMM polymorphisms in 39 Spanish Myotonic Dystrophy affected families. We have studied 255 subjects comprising 116 clinically affected DM patients. The molecular study was informative in 64% of the DM patients. For the 76 at risk individuals, the study was informative in 46 of them, confirming the non carrier status in 34 individuals and demonstrating the at risk haplotype in 12. In the remaining 30 subjects, it was not possible to establish a diagnose with this technique exclusively. The use of the CKMM probe in the DM genetic studies was extremely useful because of the close linkage with the gene (1 cM) and the high heterozygosity (PIC = 0.33). The allelic frequencies detected by the TaqI enzyme (allele I = 0.27; allele i = 0.73) and NcoI enzyme (allele J = 0.29; allele j = 0.71) are similar to the previously reported in other european populations.
Autonomous emergency stop system (2014)

As the proportion of older people in the population is growing, the demand for older driver safety is increasing sharply because their driving abilities are lowered. In this paper, we propose an autonomous emergency stop system to support older people. It activates an autonomous driving mode when the driver cannot control his vehicle any more, and stops the vehicle safely. It recognizes situation around the vehicle by using a camera, radars, and ultrasonic sensors and makes a decision about safety. The vehicle changes lanes according to the safety and stops on the side of the road.
Ranking the performance of tennis players: an application to women’s professional tennis (2013)

Paired-comparison models have been previously used in the literature to assess the relative performance of tennis players over a given period of time. In this paper, I discuss how the rankings of tennis players can be modified to address variations in the importance of tennis tournaments, and concerns about under-participation over the tennis season. The methods are applied to the 2011 WTA season, where the WTA-ranked number one player Caroline Wozniacki was often criticized for not being the true top player. The alternative rankings proposed here indicate that Petra Kvitova was the top player in 2011, with Serena Williams a close second. These rankings do appear to perform better in predicting match probabilities in early 2012 than methods based on the official rankings.
Performance of Secondary Carbonated Water Injection in Light Oil Systems (2013)

In this study, the performance of secondary carbonated water injection (CWI) was investigated at various operating pressures (i.e., P = 0.7–10.3 MPa). Prior to CWI tests, CO2 solubility in both brine and oil samples was measured using a high pressure visual cell. Next, through a series of flooding experiments, the effect of various operating conditions on the efficiency of CWI as a means of secondary oil recovery technique was investigated. Results showed that the ultimate oil recovery of secondary CWI can be increased by about 19% as compared to that of conventional water flooding (WF). It was also observed that in secondary CWI mode, an increase in operating pressure enhances the oil recovery, which is mainly attributed to higher CO2 solubility in the injected brine. It was also found that the recovery factor (RF) substantially increases to the pressure of P = 5.9 MPa followed by slow growth until the pressure reaches P = 10.3 MPa. The same turning point of P = 5.9 MPa was also observed in the plot of CO2 solubility in brine versus the operating pressure. Therefore, it was concluded that the value of CO2 solubility in brine controls the efficiency of CWI process. Additionally, less recovery factor was obtained when temperature was increased from T = 25 to 40 °C. The same impact was observed when the carbonation level of the injected brine was reduced from CL = 100% to CL = 50%. However, it was seen that the carbonated water (CW) injection rate minimally affect the efficiency of the CWI. From the CO2 storage point of view, the amount of CO2 that was stored at the end of secondary CWI for different operating pressures was determined, and the values ranged from 23% to 36% of total injected CO2. Thus, it was concluded that CWI considerably has great potential to permanently store the injected CO2 while significantly improving oil recovery in light oil systems.
Films and religious education (1964)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsG. GriffinGilbert Griffin teaches in an Oxfordshire school, and is Secretary of the Oxfordshire County Film Institute
Intracellular Trafficking of Plasmids for Gene Therapy: Mechanisms of Cytoplasmic Movement and Nuclear Import (2006)

Under physiologically relevant conditions, the levels of non-viral gene transfer are low at best. The reason for this is that many barriers exist for the efficient transfer of genes to cells, even before any gene expression can occur. While many transfection strategies focus on DNA condensation and overcoming the plasma membrane, events associated with the intracellular trafficking of the DNA complexes have not been as extensively studied. Once internalized, plasmids must travel potentially long distances through the cytoplasm to reach their next barrier, the nuclear envelope. This review summarizes the current progress on the cytoplasmic trafficking and nuclear transport of plasmids used for gene therapy applications. Both of these processes utilize specific and defined mechanisms to facilitate movement of DNA complexes through the cell. The continued elucidation and exploitation of these mechanisms will lead to improved strategies for transfection and successful gene therapy.
The Way towards Ultrafast Growth of Single‐Crystal Graphene on Copper (2017)

The exceptional properties of graphene make it a promising candidate in the development of next-generation electronic, optoelectronic, photonic and photovoltaic devices. A holy grail in graphene research is the synthesis of large-sized single-crystal graphene, in which the absence of grain boundaries guarantees its excellent intrinsic properties and high performance in the devices. Nowadays, most attention has been drawn to the suppression of nucleation density by using low feeding gas during the growth process to allow only one nucleus to grow with enough space. However, because the nucleation is a random event and new nuclei are likely to form in the very long growth process, it is difficult to achieve industrial-level wafer-scale or beyond (e.g. 30 cm in diameter) single-crystal graphene. Another possible way to obtain large single-crystal graphene is to realize ultrafast growth, where once a nucleus forms, it grows up so quickly before new nuclei form. Therefore ultrafast growth provides a new direction for the synthesis of large single-crystal graphene, and is also of great significance to realize large-scale production of graphene films (fast growth is more time-efficient and cost-effective), which is likely to accelerate various graphene applications in industry.
Integrated precision SAR targeting: a SAR targeting simulation (2002)

Operational deficiencies exist in the current ability to perform high resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) targeting for precision strike missions in difficult electronic countermeasure (ECM) and anti-aircraft environments. Increasingly sophisticated enemy defenses require that fire control information be derived from highly maneuverable aircraft trajectories rather than traditional straight-and-level flight. In addition, target area, aspect information is needed to determine optimal attack approaches. These imaging and targeting conditions impose severe performance requirements on the sensor aircraft motion compensation system (MCS), and dictate the need for sophisticated algorithms to counteract ECM threats. This paper describes the development of a user friendly "Design Tool" for modeling and analysis of airborne radar system performance for SAR imaging and Precision SAR Targeting.
Uric acid therapy improves the outcomes of stroke patients treated with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator and mechanical thrombectomy (2016)

Background Numerous neuroprotective drugs have failed to show benefit in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke, making the search for new treatments imperative. Uric acid is an endogenous antioxidant making it a drug candidate to improve stroke outcomes. Aim To report the effects of uric acid therapy in stroke patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy. Methods Forty-five patients with proximal vessel occlusions enrolled in the URICO-ICTUS trial received intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator within 4.5 h after stroke onset and randomized to intravenous 1000 mg uric acid or placebo (NCT00860366). These patients also received mechanical thrombectomy because a brain computed tomogaphy angiography confirmed the lack of proximal recanalization at the end of systemic thrombolysis. The primary outcome was good functional outcome at 90 days (modified Rankin Score 0-2). Safety outcomes included mortality, symptomatic intracerebral bleeding, and gout attacks. Results The rate of successful revascularization was >80% in the uric acid and the placebo groups but good functional outcome was observed in 16 out of 24 (67%) patients treated with uric acid and 10 out of 21 (48%) treated with placebo (adjusted Odds Ratio, 6.12 (95% CI 1.08-34.56)). Mortality was observed in two out of 24 (8.3%) patients treated with uric acid and one out of 21 (4.8%) treated with placebo (adjusted Odds Ratio, 3.74 (95% CI 0.06-226.29)). Symptomatic cerebral bleeding and gout attacks were similar in both groups. Conclusions Uric acid therapy was safe and improved stroke outcomes in stroke patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis followed by thrombectomy. Validation of this simple strategy in a larger trial is urgent.
Cogging-force-reduction techniques for linear permanent-magnet machines (2005)

The paper describes two techniques for reducing the cogging force associated with the finite length of the ferromagnetic armature core of a tubular permanent-magnet machine. Analytical expressions for predicting the cogging force which is associated with armature cores having skewed or stepped end faces are established, and a cogging-force-minimisation technique is employed to determine an optimal armature-core length. The validity of the analytical cogging-force predictions and the effectiveness of the cogging-force-reduction techniques are verified by three-dimensional finite-element analyses and experimental measurements.