gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reactivity of a Molecular Magnesium Hydride Featuring a Terminal Magnesium–Hydrogen Bond (2016)

The reactivity of the molecular magnesium hydride [Mg(Me<sub>3</sub>TACD·Al<sup>i</sup>Bu<sub>3</sub>)H] (1) featuring a terminal magnesium-hydrogen bond and an NNNN-type macrocyclic ligand, Me<sub>3</sub>TACD ((Me<sub>3</sub>TACD)H = Me<sub>3</sub>[12]aneN<sub>4</sub> = 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane), can be grouped into protonolysis, oxidation, hydrometalation, (insertion), and hydride abstraction. Protonolysis of 1 with weak Brønsted acids HX such as terminal acetylenes, amines, silanols, and silanes gave the corresponding derivatives [Mg(Me<sub>3</sub>TACD·Al<sup>i</sup>Bu<sub>3</sub>)X] (X = C≡CPh, 3; HN(3,5-Me<sub>2</sub>-C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub>), 4; OSiMe<sub>3</sub>, 5; OSiPh<sub>3</sub>, 6; Cl, 7; Br, 8). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction of anilide 4 showed a square-pyramidal coordination geometry for magnesium. No correlation with the pK<sub>a</sub> values of the acids was detected. Oxidation of 1 with elemental iodine gave the iodide [Mg(Me<sub>3</sub>TACD·Al<sup>i</sup>Bu<sub>3</sub>)I] (9), and oxidation with nitrous oxide afforded the μ-oxo-bridged compound [{Mg(Me<sub>3</sub>TACD·Al<sup>i</sup>Bu<sub>3</sub>)}<sub>2</sub>(μ-O)] (10) with a linear Mg-O-Mg core, as characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The Mg-H bond reacted with benzaldehyde, benzophenone, fluorenone, and CO<sub>2</sub> under insertion but not with the olefins 1,1,2-triphenylethylene, tert-butylethylene, and cyclopentene. The unstable formate, prepared also by salt metathesis of iodide 9 with potassium formate, revealed κO,κO' coordination in the solid state. Hydride abstraction with triphenylborane gave the ion pair [Mg(Me<sub>3</sub>TACD·Al<sup>i</sup>Bu<sub>3</sub>)(thf)][HBPh<sub>3</sub>] (16), which catalyzed the hydroboration of polar substrates by pinacolborane.
Dramatic Acceleration of Organosulfur Redox Behavior by Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (2003)

We report unprecedentedly high electrocatalytic activity of electropolymerized films of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) toward the redox reactions of 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (DMcT) which is a promising cathode material for high-energy Li-ion batteries. The irreversible redox reaction of DMcT monomer at an unmodified glassy carbon electrode was dramatically accelerated at a PEDOT film-coated electrode to give a reversible response. PEDOT also showed high electrocatalytic activity toward the redox reactions of DMcT dimer and oligomers. Such acceleration of the DMcT redox reactions, which is essential to practical application of organosulfur compounds in batteries, was ascribed to the electronic properties of PEDOT. Chronopotentiometric results indicated that at PEDOT film-coated electrodes the redox reactions of DMcT proceed fast enough to satisfy an electrolysis current as large as © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
From Chip to Cooling Tower Data Center Modeling: Chip Leakage Power and its Impact on Cooling Infrastructure Energy Efficiency (2011)

The power consumption of the chip package is known to vary with operating temperature, independently of the workload processing power. This variation is commonly known as chip leakage power, typically accounting for ∼10% of total chip power consumption. The influence of operating temperature on leakage power consumption is a major concern for the IT industry for design optimization where IT system power densities are steadily increasing and leakage power expected to account for up to ∼50% of chip power in the near future associated with the reducing package size. Much attention has been placed on developing models of the chip leakage power as a function of package temperature, ranging from simple linear models to complex super-linear models. This knowledge is crucial for IT system designers to improve chip level energy efficiency and minimize heat dissipation. However, this work has been focused on the component level with little thought given to the impact of chip leakage power on entire data center efficiency. Studies on data center power consumption quote IT system heat dissipation as a constant value without accounting for the variance of chip power with operating temperature due to leakage power. Previous modeling techniques have also omitted this temperature dependent relationship. In this paper we discuss the need for chip leakage power to be included in the analysis of holistic data center performance. A chip leakage power model is defined and its implementation into an existing multi-scale data center energy model is discussed. Parametric studies are conducted over a range of system and environment operating conditions to evaluate the impact of varying degrees of chip leakage power. Possible strategies for mitigating the impact of leakage power are also illustrated in this study. This work illustrates that when including chip leakage power in the data center model, a compromise exists between increasing operating temperatures to improve cooling infrastructure efficiency and the increase in heat load at higher operating temperatures due to leakage power.
Application of microstructural modelling for quality control and process improvement in hot rolled steels (2005)

AbstractAbstractThe prediction of microstructures and mechanical properties is an important point for the control of steel properties and quality. The present paper describes an integrated model developed at IRSID, Arcelor group, to predict the microstructure and mechanical properties of hot rolled steel, including the microstructure of C–Mn and C–Mn–Nb steels, the strength, the cooling curve affected by heat evolution due to transformation and precipitation strengthening. Online and offline applications of this model are presented. The practical advantages of the model are numerous, including help in designing and optimising metallurgical routes or participation in plant quality control systems.Keywords: HOT ROLLINGMETALLURGICAL MODELLINGSTEELS
Observation of the spectrum of light scattered by solutions of biological macromolecules. (1967)

While human social memory lasts decades and tracks relationships, less is known about nonhuman ape long-term memory.We present evidence that both chimpanzees and bonobos recognize the faces of familiar conspecifics even after many years of ...Recognition and memory of familiar conspecifics provides the foundation for complex sociality and is vital to navigating an unpredictable social world [Tibbetts and Dale, Trends Ecol. Evol. 22, 529–537 (2007)]. Human social memory incorporates content ...
Functionalization of Guanosine and 2′‐Deoxyguanosine at C6: A Modified Appel Process and S<sub>N</sub>Ar Displacement of Imidazole. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Coordination Geometry and Oxidation State Requirements of Corner-Sharing MnO<sub>6</sub> Octahedra for Water Oxidation Catalysis: An Investigation of Manganite (γ-MnOOH) (2016)

Surface-directed corner-sharing MnO6 octahedra within numerous manganese oxide compounds containing Mn3+ or Mn4+ oxidation states show strikingly different catalytic activities for water oxidation, paradoxically poorest for Mn4+ oxides, regardless of oxidation assay (photochemical and electrochemical). This is demonstrated herein by comparing crystalline oxides consisting of Mn3+ (manganite, γ-MnOOH; bixbyite, Mn2O3), Mn4+ (pyrolusite, β-MnO2) and multiple monophasic mixed-valence manganese oxides. Like all Mn4+ oxides, pure β-MnO2 has no detectable catalytic activity, while γ-MnOOH (tetragonally distorted Mn3+O6, D4h symmetry) is significantly more active and Mn2O3 (trigonal antiprismatic Mn3+O6, D3d symmetry) is the most active. γ-MnOOH deactivates during catalytic turnover simultaneous with the disappearance of crystallographically defined corner-sharing Mn3+O6 and the appearance of Mn4+. In a comparison of 2D-layered crystalline birnessites (δ-MnO2), the monovalent Mn4+ form is catalytically inert, while the hexagonal polymorph, containing few out-of-layer corner-sharing Mn3+O6, has ∼10-fold higher catalytic activity than the triclinic polymorph, containing in-plane edge-sharing Mn3+O6. These electronic and structural correlations point toward the more flexible (corner-shared) Mn3+O6 sites, over more rigid (edge-shared) sites as substantially more active catalytic centers. Electrochemical measurements show and ligand field theory predicts that, among corner-shared Mn3+O6 sites, those possessing D3d ligand field symmetry have stronger covalent Mn–O bonding to the six equivalent oxygen ligands, which we ascribe as responsible for more efficient and faster electrolytic water oxidation. In contrast, D4h Mn3+O6 sites have weaker Mn–O bonding to the two axial oxygen ligands, have separated electrochemical oxidation waves for Mn and O, and are catalytically less efficient and exhibit slower catalytic turnover. By controlling the ligand field geometry and strength to oxygen ligands, we have identified the key variables for tuning water oxidation activity by manganese oxides. We apply these findings to propose a mechanism for water oxidation by the CaMn4O5 catalytic site of natural photosynthesis.
<title>Modulation function of self-referenced fiber optic sensor for microdisplacement measurement</title> (1996)

The performance of a self-referenced fiber sensor is analyzed. The theoretical limits of the fiber sensor performance are identified.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Spectrochemical Analysis of Bismuth Matrices. Porous Electrode Technique (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectrochemical Analysis of Bismuth Matrices. Porous Electrode TechniqueJ. C. Delaney and L. E. OwenCite this: Anal. Chem. 1951, 23, 4, 577–580Publication Date (Print):April 15, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 April 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60052a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60052a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views26Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optofluidic taming of a colloidal dimer with a silicon nanocavity (2014)

We report here the optical trapping of a heterogeneous colloidal dimer above a photonic crystal nanocavity used as an on-chip optical tweezer. The trapped dimer consists of a cluster of two dielectric microbeads of different sizes linked by van der Waals forces. The smallest bead, 1 μm in diameter, is observed to be preferentially trapped by the nanotweezer, leaving the second bead untrapped. The rotational nature of the trapped dimer Brownian motion is first evidenced. Then, in the presence of a fluid flow, control of its orientation and rotation is achieved. The whole system is found to show high rotational degrees of freedom, thereby acting as an effective flow-sensitive microscopic optical ball joint.
Fabrication and spectroscopic studies on highly luminescent CdSe/CdS nanorod polymer composites (2010)

Highly luminescent nanocomposites were prepared by incorporating CdSe/CdS core/shell nanorods into different polymer matrices. The resulting nanocomposites show high transparency of up to 93%. A photoluminescence quantum efficiency of 70% was obtained, with an optimum combination of nanorod (0.05 wt %) and at a UV-initiator concentration of 0.1 wt % for poly(lauryl methacrylate). Nanorods tend to agglomerate in cellulose triacetate.
An Introduction to Practical Astronomy, Volume 1 Containing Tables for Facilitating the Reduction of Celestial Observations, and a Popular Explanation of their Construction and Use (1824)

Although astronomical guides were available in the early nineteenth century, they tended to come from continental presses and were rarely in English. This two-volume work by the clergyman and astronomer William Pearson (1767–1847) aimed, with brilliant success, to compile data from extant sources into one of the first English practical guides to astronomy. Most of the tables were updated and improved versions, and some were wholly reconstructed to streamline the calculation processes. Sir John Herschel dubbed it 'one of the most important and extensive works on that subject which has ever issued from the press', and for his efforts Pearson was awarded the gold medal of the Astronomical Society. First published in 1824, Volume 1 chiefly comprises extensive tables to facilitate the reduction of a range of astronomical observations, including solar and sidereal movements, alongside thorough instructions. In the history of science, Pearson's work reflects the contemporary challenges of celestial study
A Comparative SAXS Study of Stratum Corneum Lipid Organization in an Epidermal Cell Culture Model (ROC) (2010)

Cell cultured skin constructs are developed as an alternative to native skin for in vitro evaluations. In addition to robustness of the model, adequate barrier properties of the stratum corneum (SC) are of uppermost importance. For an epidermal cell culture model based on rat epidermal keratinocytes (REK organotypic culture, ROC), competent barrier properties of the SC could be shown in addition to the overall comparably simple cell culture conditions and high reproducibility of the model [1]. In our previous study, the lipid organization of ROC SC was investigated by synchrotron SAXS and thermal analysis of the separated SC in comparison to native and rat SC and results clearly indicate a high structural order of the SC lipids in the cell culture model with high similarity to human SC. However, in our previous experimental setup [2,3,4], changes of the hydration level of the SC sheets (e.g. drying out during heating) could not be excluded. In the present study, SC sheets with defined hydration level are tightly sealed in glass capillaries to overcome this problem and samples are studied over a wider s-range.
The Activation of the Δ<sup>5</sup>-3-Keto Steroid Isomerase in Rat Adrenal Small Particles by Diphosphopyridine Nucleotides<sup>*</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Activation of the Δ5-3-Keto Steroid Isomerase in Rat Adrenal Small Particles by Diphosphopyridine Nucleotides*Nancy L. Oleinick and Seymour B. KoritzCite this: Biochemistry 1966, 5, 2, 715–724Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00866a045https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00866a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views30Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Universal Method of Producing Transparent Electrodes Using Wide‐Bandgap Materials (2013)

A UV light‐emitting diode (LED) is an eco‐friendly optical source with diverse applications. However, currently, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of AlGaN‐based UV LEDs, particularly in the UV‐C band (<280 nm), is very low (<11%) mainly due to a large optical absorption via p ‐GaN contact layers. A direct Ohmic contact to p ‐AlGaN layers should be obtained using UV‐transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) to solve this problem. A universal method is presented here to make such contact using electrical breakdown, with wide‐bandgap materials, to form conductive filaments (CFs), providing a current path between the TCEs and the p ‐(Al)GaN layers. The contact resistance between the TCEs and the p ‐GaN layers (or p ‐AlGaN) is found to be on the order of 10 −5 Ω cm 2 (or 10 −3 Ω cm 2 ), while optical transmittance is maintained up to 95% for AlN‐based TCEs at 250 nm. These findings could be a critical turning point delivering a breakthrough in UV LED technologies.
Performance Comparison of Chip-Level Equalizers in the HSDPA System (2007)

High speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) is devised to enable the current 3G system to accommodate more data throughput for mobile users. The three main features of the HSDPA system are the adaptive modulation and coding (AMC), the hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) and the fast scheduling. It would be possible to obtain the downlink speed of up to 14Mbps in HSDPA using these three features. However, the standard describes only about the specification of the Node-B, various kinds of receivers, which may have different internal structures, can be implemented. In general, the common receiver means a rake receiver. Because the equalizer can reduce the multiple access interference (MAI) unlike the rake receiver, it can be an alternative to the rake receiver, especially in the HSDPA system. In this paper, we compare the performance of several equalizers for HSDPA. The simulation results provide the useful information to the receiver designers that which kind of equalizer is appropriate for their design in view of trade-off between performance and complexity
Physical Degradation of Lignified Stem Tissues by Ruminal Fungi (1989)

Ruminal bacteria or fungi were selected by the addition of cycloheximide or streptomycin and penicillin, respectively, to ruminal fluid, and the weakening and degradation of lignified tissues in alfalfa and Bermuda grass stems by these treatments and whole ruminal fluid were evaluated in vitro. Dry weight loss in alfalfa was similar for whole ruminal fluid and streptomycin-penicillin treatment, whereas that with streptomycin-penicillin treatment was significantly higher (P </= 0.05) than that with cycloheximide treatment. In Bermuda grass, dry weight loss was significantly higher with streptomycin-penicillin than that with whole ruminal fluid and cycloheximide treatment, which were equal. Both peak load (Newtons) and peak stress were less (P </= 0.05) for streptomycin-penicillin treatment than with other treatments in both forages. Fungi colonized the lignified ring in alfalfa and tended to reduce the width of cell walls in this tissue, but a large number of fungal penetrations through cell walls was not observed. In contrast, fungal rhizoids frequently penetrated into and through cell walls in the lignified ring of Bermuda grass, often expanding the pit fields between the cells. Ruminal fungi disrupt lignified tissues in stems, and their activity results in a weakened residue more amendable to physical degradation. This weakening may allow plant digesta to be more easily broken apart during animal's rumination and thus facilitate digesta flow and fiber utilization.
Persistent Hornerʼs Syndrome After Spinal Fusion and Epidural Analgesia (1998)

This is the first reported case of Horner's syndrome occurring after posterior spinal fusion and epidural analgesia.
Destruction of porosity through pressure solution (1977)

Abstract A stressed fluid-filled porous system was modeled by hollow cylinders of St. Peter sandstone subjected to various combinations of pore and confining pressure at 270 degrees to 280 degrees C for up to four weeks. Large reductions in porosity, up to more than 50 percent, were produced purely by pressure solution without grain crushing. Most of the porosity reduction occurred early in the experiments and in samples with the finer of two grain sizes. Experiments with the same pore pressure, but different confining pressures, and experiments with the same effective stress, but different stress magnitudes showed that a simple effective stress law does not hold for pressure solution, and that the amount of porosity reduction depends on pore fluid pressure. However, nonhydrostatic stress appears to be necessary for rapid porosity reduction because experiments with hydrostatic pressure produced very little change in porosity. Also, experiments with the same confining pressure but different pore pressures showed that the amount of porosity loss is dependent on both pore pressure and effective stress. Pore pressure appears to place an upper limit on the rate of porosity reduction, while nonhydrostatic stress appears to be necessary for rapid porosity reduction. A dry control experiment showed that fluid must be present for porosity reduction at the temperatures and pressures in our study.The porosities of many of the samples in this study were determined both gravimetrically and by point counts on cathodoluminescent micrographs. Cathodoluminescence is useful in studying pressure solution because the intergranular relationships and pore spaces are very distinct. However, in examining natural samples caution is required when relying solely on the luminescence to determine pressure solution, because luminescent characteristics change with time.
A facile and fast electrochemical route to produce functional few-layer graphene sheets for lithium battery anode application (2014)

We report a simple approach for the production of polymer functionalized graphene for Li-ion battery anodes.
Change in hormones reflecting sympathetic activity in the Finnish sauna. (1976)

The effects of the high temperature (80-120 degrees C) of the Finnish Sauna bath on the concentrations of growth hormone, immunoreactive insulin and renin activity in plasma, on blood glucose and on the urinary excretion of aldosterone, vanilmandelic acid and sodium of 55 healthy volunteers were studied. There was a significant increase in mean heart rate (62%), serum growth hormone (142%) and plasma renin activity (95%) in the Sauna. One hour after the Sauna bath the mean serum growth hormone had returned to the control level while plasma renin activity still remained higher (p less than 0.05) than before the Sauna bath. The serum insulin, blood sugar and urinary excretion of aldosterone and VMA did not change during or after Sauna bath. The urinary sodium excretion decreased significantly after the Sauna bath and the decrease was most striking (46%) during the first 6-hour period from the beginning of Sauna bath. Plasma renin activity values correlated positively with 12-hour urinary VMA excretion (p less than 0.01) and negatively with 6-hour urinary sodium excretion (p less than 0.05) before and after Sauna, suggesting the role of catecholamines and sodium depletion in renin response in Sauna.
Oberflächenmodifikation von Dentallegierungen mit tribochemischen TiO2-Beschichtungen (1995)

Article Oberflächenmodifikation von Dentallegierungen mit tribochemischen TiO2-Beschichtungen was published on January 1, 1995 in the journal Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik (volume 40, issue s1).