gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Failure of nicotine‐dependent enhancement of synaptic efficacy at Schaffer–collateral CA1 synapses of AD11 anti‐nerve growth factor transgenic mice (2006)

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by neuronal loss associated with a progressive impairment of cognitive functions. Early consequences of Alzheimer's disease include deficit of cholinergic signalling in particular regions controlling memory processes, such as the cortex and hippocampus, and accumulation of beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptide in neuritic plaques. The cholinergic system depends for its integrity and function on nerve growth factor. Chronic nerve growth factor deprivation in transgenic mice (AD11) engineered to produce recombinant neutralizing anti-nerve growth factor antibodies leads to progressive age-dependent Alzheimer's-like neurodegenerative pathology similar to that found in patients with Alzheimer's disease, associated with a selective loss of cholinergic neurones in the basal forebrain. Here we show that in the hippocampus of 6-month-old AD11 mice, Abeta aggregates started appearing in the CA1 region. The accumulation of Abeta was associated with a loss of cholinergic function at CA3-CA1 synapses. Whereas in wild-type mice nicotine induced a persistent increase of synaptic efficacy via alpha7 nicotine acetylcholine receptors, in AD11 mice this alkaloid failed to modify synaptic strength. Moreover, nicotine failed to transiently enhance the frequency of spontaneous miniature glutamatergic currents (miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents) recorded from CA1 but not from CA3 pyramidal neurones of AD11 mice. However, in CA3 principal cells of AD11 mice, the potentiating effect of nicotine on miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents was prevented when Abeta peptide 1-42 was added to the extracellular solution. These data suggest that in AD11 mice, Abeta interferes with nicotine acetylcholine receptors at the level of presynaptic glutamatergic terminals, inhibiting their function possibly through calcium signalling via presynaptic alpha7 nicotine acetylcholine receptors.
Fusarochromanone Induces G1 Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in COS7 and HEK293 Cells (2014)

Fusarochromanone (FC101), a mycotoxin produced by the fungus Fusarium equiseti, is frequently observed in the contaminated grains and feedstuffs, which is toxic to animals and humans. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be defined. In this study, we found that FC101 inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell death in COS7 and HEK293 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis showed that FC101 induced G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in the cells. Concurrently, FC101 downregulated protein expression of cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK4 and CDK6), and Cdc25A, and upregulated expression of the CDK inhibitors (p21Cip1 and p27Kip1), resulting in hypophosphorylation of Rb. FC101 also inhibited protein expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1 and survivin, and induced expression of BAD, leading to activation of caspase 3 and cleavage of PARP, indicating caspase-dependent apoptosis. However, Z-VAD-FMK, a pan-caspase inhibitor, only partially prevented FC101-induced cell death, implying that FC101 may induce cell death through both caspase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Our results support the notion that FC101 executes its toxicity at least by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing cell death.
Numerical simulation of bubble departure in subcooled pool boiling based on non-empirical boiling and condensation model (2013)

In this study, in order to clarify the heat transfer characteristics of the subcooled boiling phenomena and to discuss on their mechanism, a non-empirical boiling and condensation model for numerical simulation has been adopted. This model consists of an improved phase-change model and a consideration of a relaxation time based on the quasithermal equilibrium hypothesis. The transient three-dimensional numerical simulations based on the MARS (Multiinterface Advection and Reconstruction Solver) with the non-empirical boiling and condensation model have been conducted for an isolated boiling bubble behavior in a subcooled pool. The subcooled bubble behaviors, such as the growth process of the nucleate bubble on the heating surface, the condensation process and the extinction behaviors after departing from the heating surface were investigated, respectively. In this paper, the bubble departing behavior from the heating surface was discussed in detail. The overall numerical results showed in very good agreement with the experimental results.
High-Temperature Fatigue Behavior of a SIC/Ti-24Al-11 Nb Composite (1992)

A series of tension-tension strain- and load-controlled fatigue tests was conducted on unidirectional SiC/Ti-24Al-11 Nb (atomic %) composites at 425 and 815°C. Several regimes of damage were identified using Talreja's concept of fatigue life diagrams. Issues of test technique, test control mode, and definition of failure were also addressed.
Effects of the Controlled-Released Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor from Chitosan−Gelatin Microspheres on Human Fibroblasts Cultured on a Chitosan−Gelatin Scaffold (2007)

To provide for prolonged, site-specific delivery of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to the grafted skin in a convenient manner, biodegradable chitosan-gelatin microspheres containing bFGF were fabricated and incorporated into a porous chitosan-gelatin scaffold in this study. The microspheres are an integral part of the porous three-dimensional scaffolds, and their incorporation does not significantly affect the scaffold porosity and the pore size. The release kinetics of bFGF showed a fast release (23.7%) at the initial phase in the first 2 days, and the ultimate accumulated release was approximately 71.8% by day 14, indicating an extended time course for complete release. Human fibroblasts seeded on chitosan-gelatin scaffolds with and without bFGF-loaded chitosan-gelatin microspheres (bFGF-MS) were incubated in vitro for 2 weeks and showed that, compared to chitosan-gelatin scaffolds alone, the scaffolds with bFGF-MS significantly augmented the proliferation and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis of human fibroblasts. Moreover, real-time reversed transcribed polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis for fibroblast-related extracellular matrix (ECM) gene markers demonstrated that the transcript level of laminin was markedly upregulated by about 9-fold. These results suggest that chitosan-gelatin scaffolds with bFGF-MS possess a promising potential as a tissue engineering scaffold to improve skin regeneration efficacy and to promote vascularization.
Toward enhanced mobile video services over WiMAX and LTE [WiMAX/LTE Update (2010)

Wireless networks are on the verge of a third phase of growth. The first phase was dominated by voice traffic, and the second phase, which we are currently in, is dominated by data traffic. In the third phase we predict that the traffic will be dominated by video and will require new ways to optimize the network to prevent saturation. This increase in video traffic is one of the key drivers of the evolution to new mobile broadband standards like WiMAX IEEE 802.16m and 3G LTE and LTE-Advanced, motivating the need to enhance the video service capabilities of future cellular and mobile broadband systems. Therefore, it is important to understand both the potential and limitations of these networks for delivering video content in the future, which will include not only traditional video broadcasts, but also video streaming and uploading in the uplink direction. In that vein this article provides an overview of technology options for enabling multicast and unicast video services over WiMAX and LTE networks, quantifies and compares the video capacities of these networks in realistic environments, and discusses new techniques that could be exploited in the future to further enhance the video capacity and quality of user experience.
Chemometric modeling of thermogravimetric data for the compositional analysis of forest biomass (2017)

The objective of this study was to investigated the use of chemometric modeling of thermogravimetric (TG) data as an alternative approach to estimate the chemical and proximate (i.e. volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash contents) composition of lignocellulosic biomass. Since these properties affect the conversion pathway, processing costs, yield and / or quality of products, a capability to rapidly determine these for biomass feedstock entering the process stream will be useful in the success and efficiency of bioconversion technologies. The 38-minute long methodology developed in this study enabled the simultaneous prediction of both the chemical and proximate properties of forest-derived biomass from the same TG data. Conventionally, two separate experiments had to be conducted to obtain such information. In addition, the chemometric models constructed with normalized TG data outperformed models developed via the traditional deconvolution of TG data. PLS and PCR models were especially robust in predicting the volatile matter (R2-0.92; RPD- 3.58) and lignin (R2-0.82; RPD- 2.40) contents of the biomass. The application of chemometrics to TG data also made it possible to predict some monomeric sugars in this study. Elucidation of PC loadings obtained from chemometric models also provided some insights into the thermal decomposition behavior of the chemical constituents of lignocellulosic biomass. For instance, similar loadings were noted for volatile matter and cellulose, and for fixed carbon and lignin. The findings indicate that common latent variables are shared between these chemical and thermal reactivity properties. Results from this study buttresses literature that have reported that the less thermally stable polysaccharides are responsible for the yield of volatiles whereas the more recalcitrant lignin with its higher percentage of elementary carbon contributes to the yield of fixed carbon.
p300 Regulates Androgen Receptor–Independent Expression of Prostate-Specific Antigen in Prostate Cancer Cells Treated Chronically with Interleukin-6 (2005)

Prostate cancer is the most frequent non-skin cancer in men. Although the mechanisms involved in the progression of prostate cancer are not entirely understood, androgen receptor has been shown to play an important role. Androgen receptor is expressed in both early and late-stage prostate cancer. Also, androgen-regulated pathways are thought to be active as evidenced by elevated levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). In addition, several androgen receptor coactivators and cytokines are involved in prostate cancer progression. In this regard, we have shown previously that the coactivator p300 plays a major role in the androgen-independent activation of PSA by interleukin 6 (IL-6), a cytokine involved in late-stage prostate cancer. In this study, we investigated the role of p300 and its homologue CREB-binding protein in prostate cancer cells treated chronically with IL-6. We found that p300 but not CREB-binding protein induced activation of PSA in these cells and that the histone acetyltransferase activity of p300 was critical. This effect was independent of the presence of androgens or antiandrogens. Moreover, we found markedly reduced levels of androgen receptor in these cells and p300 transfection did not affect those levels, suggesting that the p300 effect on PSA could be bypassing the androgen receptor. Transfection with exogenous androgen receptor showed minimal response of PSA to androgens but higher response to p300. We found similar effects of p300 on the androgen response element III, which mediates the androgen receptor-dependent activation of PSA. Finally, we showed that p300 alone regulates expression of the endogenous PSA gene in the IL-6-treated cells. These findings reveal a new insight in the progression of prostate cancer, suggesting that coactivators, such as p300, play more important roles in late-stage prostate cancer, and could regulate androgen-dependent genes in the absence or with very low levels of androgen receptor.
Evaluation of Boron and Phosphorus Doping Microcrystalline Silicon Films (1984)

The change in structure and properties of doped µc-Si films with thickness increase were investigated by ESCA, TEM and IR methods. Dopant contents were analyzed by AES and IMA. The Fermi-level position of phosphorus doped µc-Si, evaluated from Si 2p binding energy by ESCA, was shifted by more than 0.3 eV to conduction band edge with the growth of microcrystallization. Phosphorus doping efficiency in µc-Si was better than that in a-Si at the same dopant density. On the contrary, the Fermi-level position of boron doped µc-Si was almost unchanged in spite of its microcrystallization in the deposition process and high doping.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrrolnitrin and Related Pyrroles Endowed with Antibacterial Activities Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
EFFECTS OF ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE ON BODY GROWTH, VISCERAL PROPORTIONS, AND WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNTS OF NORMAL AND HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED MALE RATS (1951)

The objective of this experiment was to induce in rats as complete a growth stasis as possible by injection of adrenocorticotropic hormone, and to maintain the animals in a state of arrested growth for a relatively long period of time. The present report describes the body growth, visceral proportions, and hematology of such animals. Their skeletal morphogenesis, skeletal uptake of radio-active calcium (Ca45), and chemical composition of the body will be described in subsequent papers. In 1937 Moon demonstrated the inhibition of somatic growth in castrate rats when adrenocorticotropic pituitary extracts were administered. He also noted arrest of hair growth, and development of disproportions in visceral weight. The purification of this hormone (Li, Evans and Simpson, 1943) made possible subsequent critical studies. Marx et al. (1943), Evans et al. (1943), and Becks et al. (1943a and 1943b) confirmed the retardation of somatic growth, demonstrated the antagonism of this hormone to the pituitary growth hormone
MAINTAINING THE ROUGHNESS CHARACTERISTICS OF BITUMINOUS WEARING COURSES (1974)

Wearing courses on motorways in Italy have to date been constructed with crushed basalt aggregates, and except in isolated cases, there have been no great problems regarding surface wear under traffic. The reduced availability of basalt (due to closed deposits and high transport costs over long distances), and the increase in wearing coarse thickness from 3 to 5.6 cm, have led to the use of an increased percentage of limestone aggregates. This article reports laboratory tests which show that a mixture containing 80% basalt and 20% limestone aggregates produces a surface roughness analogous to that of a 100% basalt mixture. The laboratory results will be compared with field tests to be carried out on a test section constructed on the Raveuna branch off the Bologna - Bari highway. /TRRL/
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Inhibits Melatonin Secretion in Healthy Volunteers – A Potential Link to Low-Melatonin Syndrome in Depression? (1997)

Interactions between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system and melatonin secretion have been demonstrated, but only the effects of melatonin on the activity of the HPA system have been studied in man. Alterations of melatonin secretion described as low-melatonin syndrome have been demonstrated in patients suffering from a major depressive episode, and an inhibitory factor on melatonin secretion has been postulated. We investigated whether corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which is thought to be involved in HPA abnormalities in depressed patients, can also suppress melatonin secretion in healthy volunteers. Ten healthy male human volunteers in a double-blind study design received randomized hourly intravenous injections from 08.00 to 18.00 h that contained 10 micrograms human CRH, 1 microgram adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), or placebo to simulate pulsatile hormone secretion. Plasma melatonin and cortisol responses during the treatment and nocturnal sleep electroencephalograms after the treatment were recorded. Administration of CRH reduced melatonin secretion significantly below values obtained after administration of placebo and ACTH. Cortisol secretion was significantly enhanced by ACTH in comparison to both placebo and CRH. Electroencephalographic sleep parameters revealed no treatment effects. Our findings suggest that CRH has an inhibitory effect on the pineal secretion of melatonin in normal man. A mechanism via a release of cortisol was not supported by our results. Secondary hormonal effects from changes in nocturnal sleep architecture were excluded. Further investigation of the action of CRH on melatonin secretion as well as the mutual feedback between the HPA system and the pineal gland may extend our knowledge of neuroendocrine alterations mediating the adaptive response to stress and the eventual involvement in the pathogenesis of depression.
Requirements for Information Extraction for Knowledge Management (2003)

Knowledge Management (KM) systems inherently suffer from the <i>knowledge acquisition bottleneck</i> - the difficulty of modeling and formalizing knowledge relevant for specific domains. A potential solution to this problem is Information Extraction (IE) technology. However, IE was originally developed for database population and there is a mismatch between what is required to successfully perform KM and what current IE technology provides. In this paper we begin to address this issue by outlining requirements for IE based KM.
Maya Explorer, John Lloyd Stephens and the Lost Cities of Central America and Yucatan. Victor Wolfgang Von Hagen. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1947. 324 pages, 56 illustrations. (1948)

Maya Explorer, John Lloyd Stephens and the Lost Cities of Central America and Yucatan. Victor Wolfgang Von Hagen. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1947. 324 pages, 56 illustrations. - Volume 13 Issue 4Part1
Imaging of the Cytoskeleton and Mitochondria in Fixed Budding Yeast Cells (2009)

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is widely used as a model system to study the organization and function of the cytoskeleton. In the past, its small size, rounded shape, and rigid cell wall created obstacles to explore the cell biology of this model eukaryote. It is now possible to acquire and analyze high-resolution and super-resolution multidimensional images of the yeast cell. As a result, imaging of yeast has emerged as an important tool in eukaryotic cell biology. This chapter describes labeling methods and optical approaches for visualizing the cytoskeleton and interactions of the actin cytoskeleton with mitochondria in fixed yeast cells using wide-field and super-resolution fluorescence microscopy.
<title>Active optics experiments with a 62-cm thin mirror</title> (1990)

An engineering prototype with a 62 cm thin meniscus mirror to investigate the practical problems of the JNLT active optics system has been constructed. The structure and the performance of the prototype and the basis for the control algorithms are described. The stiffness of the mirror and the purity of figure control for the correction of lower order Zernike modes were measured for this system. The results of experiments to control the surface figure of the mirror under varying elevation angle of the telescope or under external force load are reported. The thermal effects on this system were also evaluated.
Investigating the Morphology of Polymer/Fullerene Layers Coated Using Orthogonal Solvents (2012)

P3HT/PCBM bilayer samples were fabricated by spin coating PCBM dissolved in CH2Cl2 onto P3HT films. Dissolution of the P3HT does not occur because CH2Cl2 is a nonsolvent for P3HT. We show using steady-state spectroscopy, neutron reflectometry, and current–voltage measurements that substantial mixing occurs between the P3HT and the PCBM during the PCBM deposition. Penetration of the PCBM into the P3HT layer is assisted by the swelling of the P3HT by the dichloromethane solvent. We conclude that the PCBM mixes with amorphous P3HT and does not disrupt the existing crystalline domains. A PCBM loading of 25–30 wt % into the P3HT layer was determined using fluorescence quenching measurements and neutron reflectometry. This amount of mixing explains why reported photovoltaic performances of these solution-processed bilayer structures are comparable to that of bulk heterojunctions.
Agonism, Antagonism, and Inverse Agonism Bias at the Ghrelin Receptor Signaling (2015)

The G protein-coupled receptor GHS-R1a mediates ghrelin-induced growth hormone secretion, food intake, and reward-seeking behaviors. GHS-R1a signals through Gq, Gi/o, G13, and arrestin. Biasing GHS-R1a signaling with specific ligands may lead to the development of more selective drugs to treat obesity or addiction with minimal side effects. To delineate ligand selectivity at GHS-R1a signaling, we analyzed in detail the efficacy of a panel of synthetic ligands activating the different pathways associated with GHS-R1a in HEK293T cells. Besides β-arrestin2 recruitment and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, we monitored activation of a large panel of G protein subtypes using a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer-based assay with G protein-activation biosensors. We first found that unlike full agonists, Gq partial agonists were unable to trigger β-arrestin2 recruitment and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Using G protein-activation biosensors, we then demonstrated that ghrelin promoted activation of Gq, Gi1, Gi2, Gi3, Goa, Gob, and G13 but not Gs and G12. Besides, we identified some GHS-R1a ligands that preferentially activated Gq and antagonized ghrelin-mediated Gi/Go activation. Finally, we unambiguously demonstrated that in addition to Gq, GHS-R1a also promoted constitutive activation of G13. Importantly, we identified some ligands that were selective inverse agonists toward Gq but not of G13. This demonstrates that bias at GHS-R1a signaling can occur not only with regard to agonism but also to inverse agonism. Our data, combined with other in vivo studies, may facilitate the design of drugs selectively targeting individual signaling pathways to treat only the therapeutically relevant function.
Equine self-mutilation syndrome (57 cases) (1994)

Owners who believed they had a horse with self-mutilating behavior were asked to complete a questionnaire to obtain information on the signalment, clinical history, clinical signs, management, and treatment of the condition. Fifty-two owners of 59 horses responded; 2 cases were omitted because an organic cause was determined. Owners also were asked to complete information for unaffected horses on the same farm. Various breeds were affected, and of the 57 horses, 20 were stallions, 31 were geldings, and 6 were mares. Affected horses tended to develop the condition prior to sexual maturity. Clinical signs included glancing or biting at the flank or pectoral areas, bucking, kicking, vocalizing, rubbing, spinning, or rolling. Several management and environmental factors were examined, but none were found to be exclusively related to expression of the disorder. Castration was associated with improvement in 7 of 10 stallions. Medications and changes in management reduced or prevented the behavior in some horses. The syndrome appears to be similar to Tourette's syndrome of human beings.