gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased mitotic activity as a negative prognostic indicator in pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (1993)

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma is a recently characterized neoplasm with a favorable prognosis despite aggressive histological features. The authors report a case of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma that recurred 4 years after complete gross resection. The original tumor exhibited histological features characteristic of this neoplasm, but up to 4 mitoses/10 high-power fields were present focally. The recurrent tumor contained small foci of classical pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, but consisted predominantly of glioblastoma multiforme. Transitional zones contained nests of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunopositive cells surrounded by delicate collagenous and reticulin-rich septa. Electron microscopy of the transitional zone showed continuous basal lamina investing cells containing bundles of intermediate filaments. These were GFAP-positive by immunogold electron microscopy, confirming the astrocytic nature of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma. This example illustrates the capacity of this tumor to evolve into glioblastoma. The indolent clinical behavior of most pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas is evident from a literature review, which confirms the prolonged survival of many patients after onset of symptoms. Completeness of excision, subjectively assessed at surgery, did not influence the risk of recurrence or survival up to 10 years after initial resection. Postoperative radiotherapy did not improve survival, but may reduce the probability of recurrence; more studies are needed to corroborate this finding. The data compiled herein support the designation of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma as a distinct astrocytic neoplasm with a favorable prognosis. An increased mitotic rate has not previously been correlated with a worse outcome, and should not be used to exclude this diagnosis. However, anaplastic transformation of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma confers a much worse prognosis, and this case suggests that increased mitotic activity may be a negative prognostic indicator since it may herald subsequent anaplastic transformation.
Advances in multi-color large area focal plane array sensors for standoff detection (2005)

Low Cost Multi-color infrared (IR) sensors/focal plane arrays are required for surveillance and other homeland security applications. These sensors require multi-color focal plane arrays (FPA) that will cover 3-5 (MWIR) and 8-14 (LWIR) micron bands. There has been a significant progress in developing HgCdTe on Silicon substrates [1,2]. Two-color IR FPA eliminate the complexity of multiple single color IR FPAs and provide a significant reduction of weight and power in a simpler, reliable and affordable systems.
Parallel trace-driven cache simulation by time partitioning (2002)

The authors describe a technique for performing parallel simulation of a trace of address references for the purpose of evaluating different cache structures. One way to achieve fast parallel simulation is to simulate the individual independent sets of a cache concurrently on different computers, but this technique is not efficient in a statistical sense because of a high correlation of the activity between different sets. Only a small fraction of sets should actually be simulated. To put parallelism to effective use, a trace of the sets to be simulated can be partitioned into disjoint time intervals, and each interval can be simulated concurrently. Because the contents of the cache are unknown at the start of the time intervals, this parallel simulation does not produce the correct counts of cache hits and misses. However, after simulating the trace in parallel, a small amount of resimulation can produce the correct counts. The resimulation effort required is proportional to the size of the cache simulated and not to the length of the trace.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A 51.2-GOPS scalable video recognition processor for intelligent cruise control based on a linear array of 128 four-way VLIW processing elements (2003)

This paper describes a 51.2-GOPS video recognition processor, which achieves real-time multiple processing of in-vehicle video recognition applications in software, while at the same time satisfying power efficiency requirements of an in-vehicle device. The chip integrates 128 RISC microprocessors, each operating at 100 MHz, into a single chip. Hardware configurations of the chip are enhanced for supporting efficient execution of extended C language codes of algorithms based on four basic parallel methods. The results of a benchmark test using a weather-robust lane mark and vehicle detection application show that the processor achieves a four times better performance while it consumes less than 1/20 of peak power consumption compared with a 2.4-GHz general-purpose processor.
Posttraumatic Bone Marrow Lesion Volume and Knee Pain Within 4 Weeks After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury (2017)

We confirmed the absence of relationships between whole-knee BML volume and pain and symptoms within 4 weeks of ACL injury. Our findings extend previous reports in identifying weak associations between larger BML volume in the medial compartment and greater pain and between BML volume and greater pain among those without a depression fracture.
Elimination of ac Beats in an Isolating Potential Comparator Circuit (1957)

NRC publication: Yes
SELECTIVE INHIBITION OF GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION IN SEA URCHIN EMBRYOS (1972)

Experimental evidence suggests that exposure of sea urchin gastrulae to 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR), an analog of thymidine, causes a reduction in the rate of synthesis of some RNA species usually transcribed at this stage of development. In pulse-chase experiments, (3)H (in gastrula stage 8-15S nuclear DNA labeled with BUdR-(3)H) could not be chased, with unlabeled BUdR, into 20-60S size-range DNA; in similar experiments in which gastrulae were pulsed with thymidine-(3)H and then chased with unlabeled thymidine, (3)H in 8-15S nuclear DNA could be extensively chased into 20-60S DNA. DNA-RNA hybridization assays indicate that gastrula stage nuclear DNA in the range of 20-60S has greater sequence homology for gastrula stage RNA-(3)H than does nuclear DNA of similar size-range taken from gastrulae exposed to BUdR for 1 hr. An explanation is offered for the effect of BUdR on transcription and DNA replication in sea urchin embryos.
Two polymorphs of a β-lactam (trans-13-azabicyclo[10.2.0]tetradecan-14-one). Concomitant crystal polymorphism and isostructurality (2004)

Two polymorphs of trans-13-azabicyclo[10.2.0]tetradecan-14-one display a unique example of isostructurality, differing only in the orientation of a given hydrogen bond with respect to the beta-lactam bond. This slight difference can be attributed to the twofold rotation of the carbocyclic macroring of C2 symmetry, which in the crystal structure is hardly noticeable.
Influence analysis for celebrities via microblog platform (2015)

The exponential propagation of online social networks has re-shaped the way that how people acquire information, post messages, and interact with each other. A growing population of social users, especially those celebrities and entertainment stars, tend to maintain their social relationships and build their reputation over such a type of emerging platforms. In this paper, we aim to analyze the social influence of entertainment stars by tracking their social information. Taking Sina Weibo, the most popular microblogging platform in China, as a trial platform, we propose an unified framework to crawl microblogs associated with celebrities and analyze these messages to assess their social influence. In particular, this framework consists of three procedures: 1) We propose a cross-media method to acquire celebrities' social accounts. 2) We implement a distributed architecture to crawl microblogs periodically, while meeting the access limits. 3) Based on the acquired information, we undertake various types of analysis in terms of fans count, fans geographical distribution, microblog contents, microblog posting frequency, microblog propagation, and social relationship graph. Currently, we have crawled a set of microblogs related to more than 10,000 celebrities, and built a real system at NTU campus to present insights to potential stakeholders, such as celebrities, ad agencies.
Challenges in atmospheric science and climate (2007)

What constitutes an effective vision for a national weather enterprise? Can barriers to improving subseasonal weather and climate predictions be removed? What are ethical considerations surrounding possible geoengineering approaches to mitigating climate change? These are some of the many questions raised during a recent strategic planning retreat of the U.S. National Academies' Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (BASC).
Darstellung definiert deuterierter Kohlenwasserstoffe (1958)

Abstract Durch Addition von Dialkylaluminiumhydrid bzw. ‐deuterid an Hexin‐(1) und Hexin‐(3) und Hydrolyse bzw. Deuterolyse der entstehenden aluminiumorganischen Verbindungen wurden an bestimmten C‐Atomen durch Deuterium substituierte C 6 ‐Kohlenwasserstoffe hergestellt.
Urinary Excretion Profile of Torasemide and its Diuretic Action in Dogs (1996)

The plasma concentration profile, urinary excretion rate and diuretic response were studied in anaesthetized dogs after an intravenous administration of torasemide or furosemide. The urinary excretion rate of furosemide decreased rapidly after administration. The plasma concentration, which is related to the urinary excretion profile, also decreased rapidly. The diuretic response, which reflected the excretion rate, occurred rapidly after administration but lasted for a short time. The urinary excretion rate of torasemide was much lower than that of furosemide and decreased slowly after administration. The plasma concentration also decreased slowly. The diuretic response to torasemide occurred more slowly but lasted longer than the response to furosemide. These results suggest that the diuretic response profile of either diuretic depends on their urinary excretion rate, and that the difference in the diuretic response between torasemide and furosemide may be explained by the different transfer rate of the drugs from the plasma to the nephron.
MODIFICATION BY HEXITOLS AND SUGARS OF CHANGES INDUCED IN YEAST BY STARVATION. II. CELLULAR DEPLETIONS AND SUGAR BINDING. (1967)

Abstract : Losses of 260 millimicrons absorbing material from yeast cells during incubation in solutions of hexitols or sugars were not correlated with the capacity of incubated cells to produce CO2 from glucose. Depending upon the compound used, resulting rates of CO2 output were greater as well as less than that of cells incubated in water. NAD content was not related, but ATP contents below average occurred in cells showing a lag period and low rates of output; thiamine pyrophosphate and decarboxylase activity levels reduced output in some cases. Glucose, sorbose and mannitol uptake was immediate and was high in cells with high rates of CO2 output, and calculated internal concentrations of sorbose and mannitol exceeded medium concentrations in these cases. Both cell size and intracellular sugar space were similar in incubated cells, except for the small cells resulting from incubation in 0.1M glucose. Measurements of sorbose and mannitol exit showed that binding of these compounds occurred. Binding resistant to extraction by boiling water was not as extensive as that shown by exit measurements. Chromatograms of cell extracts showed that sorbose and mannitol were not converted to other compounds, and chemical assays confirmed that uptake was greater by cells incubated in hexitols and certain sugars. Thus, high sugar uptake depended upon binding, and was correlated with high rates of CO2 output; the data indicate that compartmentation of cell intermediates also was involved in regulating CO2 output. (Author)
Design Strategy for a Pipelined ADC Employing Digital Post-correction (2004)

This paper describes how the usage of digital post-correction techniques in pipelined analog-to-digital converters (ADC's) can be exploited optimally during the design-phase of the converter. It is known that post-correction algorithms reduce the influence of several cir-\ncuit impairments on the final accuracy of the converter [1], [2]. However, until now, no models relating these circuit impairments to the final accuracy of the ADC, taking the usage of a post-correction algorithm into account, have been known to exist. To take maximum advantage of a certain correction algorithm, this model is a must. Therefore, this paper introduces a behavioral model of a pipelined ADC, including several important error mechanisms, representing possible circuit impairments like offset, gain error, harmonic distortion, etc. With this model, including the post-correction algorithm, simple design con-\nstraints for each part of the circuit can be derived such that a certain target accuracy of the ADC is achieved. In the analog design-phase these high-level constraints can be translated to implementation-dependent low-level design requirements. If these low-level requirements are fulfilled, the model guarantees that the converter will achieve its target accuracy. A design-example for a 12-bit pipelined ADC is worked out. Simulation results will be shown, validating the correctness of the presented design-method. The proposed design-strategy can be applied to all pipelined ADC's with post-correction like in [1], [2], taking maximum advantage of the benefits of the correction algorithm during the analog design-phase.
Effecting skin renewal: a multifaceted approach (2011)

The skin undergoes intrinsic aging as a normal course, but exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light results in major cumulative damage that manifests as the typical aged photodamaged skin. UV irradiation produces a sequence of changes within the skin layers starting with signaling processes following DNA damage and culminating in nonabsorbed fragmentation of collagen and other proteins within the extracellular matrix. These fragments promote the synthesis of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that further aggravate the damage to the ground substance and add to fragment accumulation. This study describes a unique sequential approach to controlling this photodamage - inhibition of signaling, inhibition of MMPs, proteasome stimulation and mopping up of fragments, stimulation of procollagen and collagen production, and uniform packaging of new collagen fibers. Thus, a multifaceted approach is introduced with presentation of a unique product formulation based on these research principles.
DROIT PENAL DES AFFAIRES (2015)

2 Linklaters Kiril Bougartchev, Arnaud de La Cotardiere Szpiner, Toby, Ayela, Semerdjian Caroline Toby, Christophe Aleya, Francis Szpiner Veil Jourde Jean Veil, Georges Jourde, Pierre-Francois Veil, Francois Esclatine EXCELLENT 1 Allen & Overy Aurelien Hamelle, Denis Chemla Altana Philippe Goossens Cabinet Maisonneuve Patrick Maisonneuve Darrois Villey Maillot Brochier Cyril Bonan, Christophe Ingrain, Jean-Michel Darrois Delecroix Gublin Associes Fabienne Delecroix, Alexis Gublin Farthouat Asselineau & Associes Nicolas Boulay, Jean-Rene Farthouat, Nathalie Roret, Nicolas Cassart, Vincent Asselineau, Christophe Llorca French Cornut-Gentille & Associes Pierre Cornut-Gentille Kiejman & Marembert Georges Kiejman, Thierry Marembert Lantourne & Associes Kristell Cattani, Maurice Lantourne, Flavie Hannoun Le Borgne Saint-Palais Christian Saint-Palais, Jean-Yves Le Borgne Lombard Baratelli & Associes Celine Astolfe, Paul Lombard, Olivier Baratelli, Marie Courpied-Baratelli Lysias Partners Emmanuel Tordjman, Sebastien Mabile, Jean-Pierre Mignard Marsigny Avocats Emmanuel Marsigny Pech de Laclause Bathmanabane & Associes Arnaud Pericard, Emmanuel Gouesse, Philippe Pech de Laclause Pierre Haik Pierre Haik, Jacqueline Lafont Soulez Lariviere & Associes Daniel Soulez Lariviere, Astrid Mignon-Colombet Taylor Wessing Paul-Albert Iweins, Philippe Glaser, Benoit Goulesque Monaux Thierry Herzog Thierry Herzog Vigo Emmanuel Mercinier, Emmanuel Daoud, Julie Ferrari White & Case Ludovic Malgrain, Michel Beaussier
Tripartite organization of centromeric chromatin in budding yeast (2011)

The centromere is the genetic locus that organizes the proteinaceous kinetochore and is responsible for attachment of the chromosome to the spindle at mitosis and meiosis. In most eukaryotes, the centromere consists of highly repetitive DNA sequences that are occupied by nucleosomes containing the CenH3 histone variant, whereas in budding yeast, a ∼120-bp centromere DNA element (CDE) that is sufficient for centromere function is occupied by a single right-handed histone variant CenH3 (Cse4) nucleosome. However, these in vivo observations are inconsistent with in vitro evidence for left-handed octameric CenH3 nucleosomes. To help resolve these inconsistencies, we characterized yeast centromeric chromatin at single base-pair resolution. Intact particles containing both Cse4 and H2A are precisely protected from micrococcal nuclease over the entire CDE of all 16 yeast centromeres in both solubilized chromatin and the insoluble kinetochore. Small DNA-binding proteins protect CDEI and CDEIII and delimit the centromeric nucleosome to the ∼80-bp CDEII, only enough for a single DNA wrap. As expected for a tripartite organization of centromeric chromatin, loss of Cbf1 protein, which binds to CDEI, both reduces the size of the centromere-protected region and shifts its location toward CDEIII. Surprisingly, Cse4 overproduction caused genome-wide misincorporation of nonfunctional CenH3-containing nucleosomes that protect ∼135 base pairs and are preferentially enriched at sites of high nucleosome turnover. Our detection of two forms of CenH3 nucleosomes in the yeast genome, a singly wrapped particle at the functional centromere and octamer-sized particles on chromosome arms, reconcile seemingly conflicting in vivo and in vitro observations.
Heterogeneous chemistry affecting upper tropospheric and stratospheric ozone. Final report, April, 1994--January, 1998 (1999)

No abstract prepared.
Dynamic Race Detection with LLVM Compiler Compile-Time Instrumentation for ThreadSanitizer (2011)

Abstract. Data races are among the most difficult to detect and costly bugs. Race detection has been studied widely, but none of the existing tools satisfies the requirements of high speed, detailed reports and wide availability at the same time. We describe our attempt to create a tool that works fast, has detailed and understandable reports and is available on a variety of platforms. The race detector is based on our previous work, ThreadSanitizer, and the instrumentation is done using the LLVM compiler. We show that applying compiler instrumentation and sampling reduces the slowdown to less than 1.5x, fast enough for interactive use. 1
Separation of Two Types of Electrogenic H<sup>+</sup>-Pumping ATPases from Oat Roots (1983)

Microsomal vesicles of oat roots (Avena sativa var Lang) were separated with a linear dextran (0.5-10%, w/w) or sucrose (25-45%, w/w) gradient to determine the types and membrane identity of proton-pumping ATPases associated with plant membranes. ATPase activity stimulated by the H(+)/K(+) exchange ionophore nigericin exhibited two peaks of activity on a linear dextran gradient. ATPase activities or ATP-generated membrane potential (inside positive), monitored by SCN(-) distribution, included a vanadate-insensitive and a vanadate-sensitive component. In a previous communication, we reported that ATP-dependent pH gradient formation (acid inside), monitored by quinacrine fluorescence quenching, was also partially inhibited by vanadate (Churchill and Sze 1983 Plant Physiol 71: 610-617). Here we show that the vanadate-insensitive, electrogenic ATPase activity was enriched in the low density vesicles (1-4% dextran or 25-32% sucrose) while the vanadate-sensitive activity was enriched at 4% to 7% dextran or 32% to 37% sucrose. The low-density ATPase was stimulated by Cl(-) and inhibited by NO(-) (3) or 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbene disulfonic acid (DIDS). The distribution of Cl(-)-stimulated ATPase activity in a linear dextran gradient correlated with the distribution of H(+) pumping into vesicles as monitored by [(14)C]methylamine accumulation. The vanadate-inhibited ATPase was mostly insensitive to anions or DIDS and stimulated by K(+). These results show that microsomal vesicles of plant tissues have at least two types of electrogenic, proton-pumping ATPases. The vanadate-insensitive and Cl(-)-stimulated, H(+)-pumping ATPase may be enriched in vacuolar-type membranes; the H(+)-pumping ATPase that is stimulated by K(+) and inhibited by vanadate is most likely associated with plasma membrane-type vesicles.
Thermal Analysis and Experimental Evaluation of Melting Threshold Energy of Si Thin Film Structure in Laser Annealing (1982)

Simultaneous heat-diffusion equations including laser light absorption in an Si thin film structure are solved analytically to give the time evolution of temperature. In this model, it can be concluded that the threshold pulse energy needed to melt the surface of amorphous Si film depends on the pulse duration, the absorption coefficient, the thickness of the Si film, and the thermal properties of the substrates. Experiments were performed on amorphous Si films of various thicknesses on fused quartz and crystalline Si substrates to verify the analytical results. The samples were irradiated with a Q -switched Nd-YAG laser with time durations of 80 ns at λ=1.06 µm and 50 ns at λ=0.53 µm. The experimental results on the dependence of the melting threshold energy on the thickness of the amorphous Si are in good agreement with the calculated results.
Development of High-flux Ion Source for Size-selected Nanocluster Ions Based on High-power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (2013)

Abstract In this study, we have developed a highly intensive ion source of size-selected nanoclusters based on a high-power impulse magnetron sputtering method. The maximum intensity of the size-selected silver nanocluster anions exceeded that of standard ion sources by more than ten times. The high intensity in the present method was achieved by the high throughput of the ion optics and the high ionization fraction. Fine tuning of the nanocluster size distributions was also demonstrated.
Maps of sparse Markov chains efficiently reveal community structure in network flows with memory (2016)

To better understand the flows of ideas or information through social and biological systems, researchers develop maps that reveal important patterns in network flows. In practice, network flow models have implied memoryless first-order Markov chains, but recently researchers have introduced higher-order Markov chain models with memory to capture patterns in multi-step pathways. Higher-order models are particularly important for effectively revealing actual, overlapping community structure, but higher-order Markov chain models suffer from the curse of dimensionality: their vast parameter spaces require exponentially increasing data to avoid overfitting and therefore make mapping inefficient already for moderate-sized systems. To overcome this problem, we introduce an efficient cross-validated mapping approach based on network flows modeled by sparse Markov chains. To illustrate our approach, we present a map of citation flows in science with research fields that overlap in multidisciplinary journals. Compared with currently used categories in science of science studies, the research fields form better units of analysis because the map more effectively captures how ideas flow through science.