gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TOXOPLASMOSIS IN THE HUMAN ADULT (1952)

HUMAN toxoplasmosis has been recognized with increasing frequency since the first description of the disease by Janku 1 in 1923 and the demonstration by Wolf, Cowen, and Paige 2 of Toxoplasma as a cause of congenital encephalomyelitis with hydrocephalus, intracerebral calcifications, microcephaly, chorioretinitis, and microphthalmos. Most of the cases in the literature have been of infants, 3 and there is an impressive body of evidence that the infection is acquired in utero from mothers who present no signs of infection. 4 A few cases of toxoplasmosis occurring in adults have been described. These have differed from the infantile form in that a maculopapular rash and evidence of pneumonitis, acute encephalitis, and myocarditis were prominent in the clinical picture, whereas cerebral calcifications or chorioretinitis have been absent. 5 The first case considered to be toxoplasmosis in an adult was reported in 1940 by Pinkerton and Weinman. 6 The patient was a 22-year-old Peruvian who died after a
Computational and rapid expected annual loss estimation methodologies for structures (2007)

Abstract Expected annual loss (EAL), which can be expressed in dollars, is an effective way of communicating the seismic vulnerability of constructed facilities to owners and insurers. A simplified method for estimating EAL without conducting time‐consuming non‐linear dynamic analyses is presented. Relationships between intensity measures and engineering demand parameters resulting from a pushover analysis and a modified capacity‐spectrum method are combined with epistemic and aleatory uncertainties to arrive at a probabilistic demand model. Damage measures are established to determine thresholds for damage states from which loss ratios can be defined. Financial implications due to damage can then be quantified in the form of EAL by integrating total losses for all likely earthquake scenarios. This rapid loss estimation method is verified through the computationally intensive incremental dynamic analysis, with the results processed using a distribution‐free methodology. To illustrate the application of the proposed method, the seismic vulnerability of two highway bridge piers is compared; one bridge is traditionally designed for ductility while the other is based on an emerging damage avoidance design (DAD) philosophy. The DAD pier is found to have a clear advantage over the conventional pier; the EAL of the DAD pier is less than 20% of its ductile counterpart. This is shown to be primarily due to its inherent damage‐free behaviour for small to medium earthquake intensities, whose contribution to EAL is significantly more than that of very rare events. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low Power Asynchronous Data Acquisition Front End for Wireless Body Sensor Area Network (2011)

Wireless body sensor area networks (WBAN) is one of the key technologies to solve the rising healthcare costs through early detection, and point-of-care diagnosis and health management. However there is a stringent power requirement on individual sensor nodes in such networks. Consequently traditional signal chain of amplify-digitize-transmit generates large amounts of data that cannot be sustained due to limited energy and bandwidth. In this paper we propose an asynchronous data acquisition platform that provides inherent digitization and compression at the source. The proposed implementation consists of low noise front-end amplifier (AFE) with tunable bandwidth and an asynchronous clockless analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Data compression is achieved by the inherent signal dependent sampling of the asynchronous architecture. The AFE and ADC were fabricated in a 0.18 μm CMOS technology and consume a total of 79 μW. Measured results for asynchronous ECG signal acquisition are presented.
Characterization of tantalum pentachloride containing melts by Raman spectroscopy (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization of tantalum pentachloride containing melts by Raman spectroscopyR. Huglen, F. W. Poulsen, G. Mamantov, and G. M. BegunCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1979, 18, 9, 2551–2555Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50199a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50199a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views199Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Advancing USER cloning into simpleUSER and nicking cloning (2013)

The two novel methods for DNA cloning presented here have been developed for the rapid construction of vectors used for insertion of genes in filamentous fungi. The current study shows that both simpleUSER cloning and nicking cloning can substitute USER cloning for insertion of single PCR fragments into plasmids. The simpleUSER cloning method proposed in this paper varies from USER cloning by substituting the dual enzymatic plasmid preparation step with a single enzymatic step. The other method further abolishes the use of USER™ enzyme mix and PfuTurbo Cx polymerase, and is referred to as nicking cloning. We show that both simpleUSER cloning and nicking cloning can substitute USER cloning for insertion of single PCR fragments into plasmids, and that the combination of these two methods works efficiently for the construction of selective plasmids and plasmids for co-transformation. This strategy was applied to genetically modify the filamentous fungus Aspergillus carbonarius. The two methods simplify DNA cloning by reducing time and complexity associated with cloning in filamentous fungi.
Integrated near-end acoustic echo and noise reduction systems (2003)

This paper presents the development of integrated near-end acoustic echo and noise reduction algorithm. The modified frequency-sampling filter (FSF) provides an effective filterbank for splitting the signal into equally spaced frequency channels. The center clipper and attenuator are employed at each frequency bin for attenuating near-end acoustic echo and noise. The adaptive clipping threshold and dynamic attenuator value are updated based on the optimized voice-activity detector (VAD). Computer simulations using speech and measured room impulse response show that the near-end acoustic echo and noise are suppressed successfully.
On AS-level path inference (2005)

The ability to discover the AS-level path between two end-points is valuable for network diagnosis, performance optimization, and reliability enhancement. Virtually all existing techniques and tools for path discovery require direct access to the source. However, the uncooperative nature of the Internet makes it difficult to get direct access to any remote end-point. Path inference becomes challenging when we have no access to the source or the destination. Moveover even when we have access to the source and know the forward path, it is nontrivial to infer the reverse path, since the Internet routing is often asymmetric.In this paper, we explore the feasibility of AS-level path inference without direct access to either end-points. We describe RouteScope-a tool for inferring AS-level paths by finding the shortest policy paths in an AS graph obtained from BGP tables collected from multiple vantage points. We identify two main factors that affect the path inference accuracy: the accuracy of AS relationship inference and the ability to determine the first AS hop. To address the issues, we propose two novel techniques: a new AS relation-ship inference algorithm, and a novel scheme to infer the first AS hop by exploiting the TTL information in IP packets. We evaluate the effectiveness of RouteScope using both BGP tables and the AS paths collected from public BGP gateways. Our results show that it achieves 70% - 88% accuracy in path inference.
Relating CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes to spectral vegetation indices in tundra landscapes: importance of footprint definition (1995)

Abstract Carbon flux measurements made at an elevated point are associated with an effective upwind area or ‘footprint.’ Since Arctic tundra landscapes can exhibit substantial heterogeneity within the footprint of an eddy correlation tower, it may be necessary to determine the relative point source contributions to the observed flux if landscape properties are to be related to the flux. This study evaluates the potential importance of representing footprint source contributions in relationships that are developed between tower observations of net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide (NEE) and a remotely sensed spectral vegetation index. Satellite data collected over the foothills region of the North Slope of Alaska are used to determine spatial patterns of a spectral vegetation index in the calculated footprints of 30 randomly selected tower locations. A previously developed relationship between NEE and the vegetation index is used to calculate NEE at each tower location using two techniques, one that explicitly considers the footprint pattern of relative contributions to tower fluxes and another that ignores these patterns. The results indicate that if carbon fluxes measured at a tower are to be related to remotely sensed spectral vegetation indices, then it is necessary to consider the relative flux contributions from within the tower footprints for sites on the North Slope of Alaska.
White Matter Hyperintensity Burden on Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Essential Tremor (2012)

<strong>Background:</strong> Whereas structural abnormalities in the cerebellum have been associated with essential tremor (ET), the contribution of vascular disease via white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and strokes has not been examined. In this study, we have explored these potential associations and hypothesized that ET would be associated with greater overall WMH volume, greater cerebellar WMH volume, and greater infarct presence. <strong>Methods:</strong> In a cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of 540 community-dwelling elderly persons in northern Manhattan, New York, brain measures of total WMH volume and regional WMH volume were derived from T<sub>2</sub>-weighted fluid attenuated inverse recovery-weighted MR images. The presence of cerebral infarcts on MRI was determined as well. <strong>Results:</strong> Total WMH volume was greater among 33 ET cases than 507 controls in both univariate (OR = 1.41, p = 0.038) and fully adjusted analyses (OR = 1.44, p = 0.03). Cerebellar WMH volume was associated with marginally increased odds of ET in a univariate model (OR = 1.52, p = 0.11) and significantly increased odds in a fully adjusted multivariate model (OR = 1.74, p = 0.049). Temporal lobe WMH volume was associated with significantly increased odds of ET in both univariate (OR = 3.36, p<0.001) and fully adjusted models (OR = 3.73, p<0.001). Large strokes were significantly more common in cases than in controls in unadjusted analyses (OR = 3.04, p = 0.02) and marginally in adjusted analyses (OR = 2.56–2.57, p = 0.045–0.056). The distribution of strokes did not differ by diagnosis. <strong>Discussion:</strong> MRI data in this study indicated that ET was associated with greater total WMH volume, greater cerebellar WMH volume and possibly more strokes. Cerebrovascular disease could play a role in the development of ET.
ChemInform Abstract: A Unified Strategy for the Synthesis of Highly Substituted Dihydrobenzofurans and Dihydrobenzopyrans. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
PIF3 is a repressor of chloroplast development (2009)

The phytochrome-interacting factor PIF3 has been proposed to act as a positive regulator of chloroplast development. Here, we show that the pif3 mutant has a phenotype that is similar to the pif1 mutant, lacking the repressor of chloroplast development PIF1, and that a pif1pif3 double mutant has an additive phenotype in all respects. The pif mutants showed elevated protochlorophyllide levels in the dark, and etioplasts of pif mutants contained smaller prolamellar bodies and more prothylakoid membranes than corresponding wild-type seedlings, similar to previous reports of constitutive photomorphogenic mutants. Consistent with this observation, pif1, pif3, and pif1pif3 showed reduced hypocotyl elongation and increased cotyledon opening in the dark. Transfer of 4-d-old dark-grown seedlings to white light resulted in more chlorophyll synthesis in pif mutants over the first 2 h, and analysis of gene expression in dark-grown pif mutants indicated that key tetrapyrrole regulatory genes such as HEMA1 encoding the rate-limiting step in tetrapyrrole synthesis were already elevated 2 d after germination. Circadian regulation of HEMA1 in the dark also showed reduced amplitude and a shorter, variable period in the pif mutants, whereas expression of the core clock components TOC1, CCA1, and LHY was largely unaffected. Expression of both PIF1 and PIF3 was circadian regulated in dark-grown seedlings. PIF1 and PIF3 are proposed to be negative regulators that function to integrate light and circadian control in the regulation of chloroplast development.
Modulation of biodistribution and expression of plasmid DNA following mesenchymal progenitor cell-based delivery (2008)

Although therapeutic applications of mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) have been studied, the in vivo fate of genes delivered by the MPCs has received little attention. We report here the in vivo kinetics, tissue distribution, and duration of gene expression after systemic administration of plasmid DNA delivered by MPCs. Murine MPCs were isolated from bone marrow, cultured, and transfected with plasmid DNA using polyethylenimine. The gene-modified MPCs or naked plasmid DNA was administered intravenously to mice. Injected MPCs incorporating plasmid DNA yielded elevated serum concentrations when compared with the group treated with plasmid DNA alone, a 280-fold higher level measured at 5-min post-administration. Moreover, plasmid DNA delivered in MPCs was detected in several organs, lymph nodes, and bone marrow. The highest levels of distribution were observed in the liver, followed by lung and spleen at 4 days post-dose. Similar to the distribution of DNA, significant expression levels of the exogenous gene were observed only after delivery of the DNA in MPCs, demonstrating the sustained expression at the liver, lung, and kidney for 4 days after tail vein injection. This study provides perspectives regarding the in vivo fate and target tissue distribution of genes following MPC-based delivery.
Ontogeny of tissue and serum gastrin concentrations in fetal and neonatal sheep (1981)

We investigated the perinatal ontogenic changes in ovine serum and tissue gastrin concentration. Fetal and maternal serum gastrin levels in serums obtained from indwelling catheters in the fetal and maternal circulations and tissue gastrin levels were assessed by radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry. Fetal serum gastrin concentration was undetectable until the 107th day of gestation and significantly increased to levels surpassing maternal values. Neonatal serum hormone concentration continued to rise, reaching a peak during the 4th postnatal wk and decreasing after the 4th wk coincident with weaning. Maternal serum gastrin concentration did not vary during pregnancy and did not correlate with fetal serum gastrin levels. Fetal abomasal and duodenal gastrin concentrations and abomasal G-cell number increased in parallel with the developmental alterations in fetal serum hormone levels during gestation. The developmental increase in abomasal gastrin concentration was not associated with a shift in the molecular form of the hormone. These findings support the hypothesis that circulating gastrin in the fetus is of fetal origin.
Assembly of FePt L1 nanoparticles grown on MgO(110) with self-organized groove structure (2004)

We have fabricated an FePt nanoparticle assembly on a MgO(110) with a self-organized structure. Prior to FePt deposition, the MgO(110) substrate was annealed at 1273K in air to develop self-organized grooves running along the [11¯0] direction with average periodicity of 14.5nm. Subsequently a very thin FePt layer with nominal thickness of 1.5nm was sputtered onto the MgO substrate at 973K, resulting in FePt L10 nanoparticles with 2–4nm in diameter aligned along the grooves. Each FePt nanoparticle was a L10 single crystal with its c-axis tilting 45° or −45° from the substrate normal that corresponds to MgO [100] or [010]. The magnetic properties of the FePt nanoparticle assembly well reflected such c-axis distribution, and their switching behavior almost followed the Stoner-Wohlfarth model.
Notes (1963)

G. L. Esteban, J. A. Kerr, A. F. Trotman-Dickenson, S. Gronowitz, A. R. Katritzky, R. E. Reavill, B. J. Ridgewell, M. Green, R. F. Hudson, J. S. Brimacombe, M. J. How, R. M. Acheson, G. R. Miller, A. O. Plunkett, R. G. Cavell, H. C. Clark, J. H. Holloway, R. D. Peacock, E. A. V. Ebsworth, M. J. Mays, B. O. Handford, W. B. Whalley, M. F. Grundon, B. E. Reynolds, A. A. R. Sayigh, H. Ulrich, J. Rubinfeld, P. J. Palmer, B. L. Hollingsworth, D. G. Tuck, R. W. Bott, C. Eaborn, T. Hashimoto, J. C. Craig, M. Moyle, B. K. Tidd, H. R. Arthur, W. D. Ollis, N. N. Greenwood, M. G. H. Wallbridge, K. W. Bentley, S. F. Dyke, A. R. Marshall, E. E. Smith, W. J. Whelan, P. A. Finan, M. T. Ahmed and A. J. Swallow, J. Chem. Soc., 1963, 3879 DOI: 10.1039/JR9630003879
Multiple gastrin-releasing peptide gene-associated peptides are produced by a human small cell lung cancer line (1989)

Products of the gastrin-releasing peptide gene were isolated from culture medium supernatant of a small cell lung cancer line, NCI-H345, by several (high performance liquid chromatography) HPLC steps. The column eluates were monitored by immunoassay and absorbance profiles. Gastrin-releasing peptide was identified in HPLC eluates by a specific radioimmunoassay. Two carboxyl-terminal gastrin-releasing peptide gene-associated peptides were identified by a radioimmunoassay specific for their predicted carboxyl terminus. The amino termini of these two peptides were determined by microsequence analysis. The shorter peptide was revealed to be a fragment of the larger peptide. Expression of an alternate mRNA was shown by isolation and characterization of a novel tetradecapeptide. Amino acid analysis, microsequence analysis, and mass spectral analysis confirmed that the structure was Ser-Leu-Leu-Gln-Val-Leu-Asn-Val-Lys-Glu-Gly-Thr-Pro-Ser. This peptide represents the carboxyl terminus of a peptide resulting from alternate processing of gastrin releasing peptide mRNA. This mRNA contains a 19-base deletion, creating a frame shift. A radioiodinated synthetic analog of this peptide (Tyr-Leu-Val-Asp-Ser-Leu-Leu-Gln-Val-Leu-Asn-Val-Lys-Glu-Gly-Thr-Pro-Ser ) bound specifically to a small cell cancer line with high affinity, suggesting possible biological activity of the isolated peptide.
Approaches to 1,1-disubstituted cinnolin-3-ylio oxides: synthesis and reactivity of a new class of heterocyclic betaines (1997)

The cinnolin-3-ylio oxides 6, a new class of heterocyclic aminimide, can be prepared by intramolecular cyclization of the N′,N′-disubstituted (2-fluorophenyl)acetohydrazides 5. Attempts to prepare these betaines by an alternative route, namely cyclization of the nitrenes expected from the thermal decomposition of (2-dialkylaminophenyl)acetyl azides 11, failed, Curtius rearrangement-derived compounds being the main products isolated from these processes. Hydrochlorides of the cinnolin-3-ylio oxides 6 undergo alkyl halide elimination to yield the 1-(ω-chloroalkyl)cinnolin-3-ols 19a,b or 1-methylcinnolin-3-ol 21. Oxidation of the latter to the 3-hydroxycinnolin-4-one 22, its methylation to the corresponding N 1 ,O- 23 and N 1 ,N 2 -dimethyl 24 derivatives as well as the cyclization of 1-(5-chloropentyl)cinnolin-3-ol 19a to the diazepino[1,2-a]cinnolinone 20 are also reported.
Pharmaceutical Structure Montages As Catalysts For Design And Discovery (2012)

Majority of pharmaceuticals are small molecule organic compounds. Their structures are most effectively described and communicated using the graphical language of organic chemistry. A few years ago we decided to harness this powerful language to create new educational tools that could serve well for data mining and as catalysts for discovery. The results were the Top 200 drug posters, which we have posted online for everyone to enjoy and update yearly. This article details the origin and motivation for our design and highlights the value of this graphical format by presenting and analyzing a new pharmaceutical structure montage (poster) focused on US FDA approved drugs in 2011.
Design of heat exchangers for heat recovery in transcritical CO2 systems. (2011)

The thermodynamic properties of CO2 is quite different at supercritical than subcritical state and are of utmost importance for the heat exchanger design. This paper discusses how different operating conditions and system layouts influence the design of the heat exchangers. The physical properties of CO2 at transcritical state and the impact it has on heat exchanger design and selection of optimum operating pressure is shown. It is also shown how the selection of operating pressure affects the minimum outlet CO2 temperature from the gas cooler that can be achieved. These parameters are of great importance for the system efficiency. Finally a brief discussion of trancritical CO2 systems for heat recovery with combined tap water production and space heating is given, covering system efficiency and scaling aspects during full and part load operation for indirect and direct systems.