gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Collective excitations and mode coupling in layered superconductors (1991)

We investigate the collective-mode spectrum for a layered superconductor structure. For wave vectors directed close to the superlattice axis, we find that the plasmon modes remain below the superconducting gap edge. This is in sharp contrast with the situation for isotropic superconductors in three dimensions, for which the Anderson-Higgs mechanism lifts all such modes out of the gap. We also find that, as a mode crosses the gap edge, either by increasing the wave vector or tilting its direction with respect to the superlattice axis, there is a unique mode-coupling effect between pair-breaking excitations and the collective mode. This manifests itself as a line splitting in the dielectric response, which may in principle be used to determine the gap of such a system. We also calculate the effect of interplane tunneling on the collective-mode spectrum. We find that, if the tunneling rate is large enough, the plasmon modes may all be lifted out of the gap. We show that estimates for the plasmon energy based on the effective-mass approximation can grossly overestimate its minimum value.
Effect of Microstructure on Formation of Ductile Fracture Surface in Steel Plate (2011)

In recent years, high strength steel plates for building and pipelines have been required to improve ductile fracture properties, assuming ground deformation in earthquake-prone region. The ductile fracture is performed by the result from coalescence of micro-voids followed by the nucleation and growth [1]. Fractured surface morphology reflects the void coalescence process, so it is important to consider the relationship between the fracture surface morphology and the micro-voids formation beneath the fractured surface to consider the ductile fracture properties. The voids nucleate sites are mainly particles such as inclusions or precipitates, and grain boundries. These voids grow and coalesce according to three modes. The first mode is directly coalescence of voids followed by growth [2]. The second one is the coalescence of voids caused by shear deformation followed by internal necking between voids [3]. The third one is the coalescence of voids caused by micro-voids nucleation in shear band between two larger voids [4]. It is expected that these modes influence local elongation property which is one of the indices for ductile fracture property through the formation of fractured surface. In this study, local deformation energy which is measured by load-displacement curve in tensile test is examined by focusing the voids nucleation, growth and coalescence, for high tensile strength plates of TS480-830MPa which is controlled by the microstructure through the cooling rate of heat treatment. The deformation energy is useful to consider the ductile fracture property of steel plates which have a different tensile strength.
Engineered Structured Sorbents for the Adsorption of Carbon Dioxide and Water Vapor from Manned Spacecraft Atmospheres: Applications and Testing 2008/2009 (2009)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Developmental efforts are seeking to improve upon the efficiency and reliability of typical packed beds of sorbent pellets by using structured sorbents and alternative bed configurations. The benefits include increased structural stability gained by eliminating clay bound zeolite pellets that tend to fluidize and erode, and better thermal control during sorption leading to increased process efficiency. Test results that demonstrate such improvements are described and presented.</div>
Numerical Modeling of Column Separation with Large Pressure Pulses (1987)

Liquid transients involving column separation occur in pipelines when the pressure drops to the vapor pressure of the liquid. The collapse of vapor cavities may result in short duration pressure pulses superimposed on water hammer waves, that exceed the Joukowsky or instantaneous valve closure pressure rise. This paper presents the analytical development of an improved mathematical model for describing column separation in pipelines. The model treats distributed vaporous cavitation regions and localized vapor cavities including intermediate cavities. The results from the numerical model are compared with some experimental results for a reservoir-pipeline-valve system.
HeteroFoaMs: Electrode Modeling in Nano-Structured Heterogeneous Materials for Energy Systems (2011)

Heterogeneous Functional Materials, e.g., “HeteroFoaMs” are at the heart of countless energy systems, including (from left to right below) heat storage materials (a), batteries (b), solid oxide fuel cells (c), and polymer electrolyte fuel cells (d). HeteroFoaMs are generally nano-structured and porous to accommodate transport of gasses or fluids, and must be multi-functional (i.e., active operators on mass, momentum, energy or charge, in combinations). This paper will discuss several aspects of modeling the relationships between the constituents and microstructure of these material systems and their device functionalities. Technical advances based on these relationships will also be identified and discussed. Three major elements of the general problem of how to model HeteroFoaM electrodes will be addressed. Modeling approaches for ionic charge transfer with electrochemistry in the nano-structured porosity of the electrode will be discussed. Second, the effect of morphology and space charge on conduction through porous doped ceria particle assemblies, and their role in electrode processes will be modeled and described. And third, the effect of local heterogeneity and morphology on charge distributions and polarization in porous dielectric electrode materials will be analyzed using multi-physics field equations set on the details of local morphology. Several new analysis methods and results, as well as experimental data relating to these approaches will be presented. The value, capabilities, and limitations of the approaches will be evaluated.
Dynamic NOx emission modelling using local model networks (2014)

More and more stringent emission regulations and the desire to reduce fuel consumption lead to an increasing demand for efficient and reliable modelling tools in the automotive industry. When conventional physical modelling is not possible due to the lack of precise, formal knowledge about the system, black-box- and grey-box-oriented nonlinear system identification procedures are a widely used concept to create models based on measured input and output data of the process. In this context, local model networks are an established approach for nonlinear dynamic system identification as they provide not only accurate but also interpretable models and therefore allow a better understanding of the true system than pure black-box models. As a consequence, local model networks provide a basis for the development of systematic approaches to stability analysis and nonlinear controller design. In this article, local model network–based dynamic NO x emission modelling is presented. A robust and efficient local model network training algorithm is described, and the proposed concepts are validated using real measurement data. An important advantage of the architecture of local model networks is their good interpretability which is an important advantage for the design of controllers or observers. Additionally, stability analysis of both the nonlinear open- and closed-loop system is possible based on Lyapunov stability theory.
Concomitant immunological diseases in primary sclerosing cholangitis are a risk factor for reduced survival (2012)

Background & Aims: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease that can be rather defined as an immune-mediated disease than a classical autoimmune disease. Association with other immunological diseases like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is well known. We evaluated the presence of immunological disease beside IBD and AIH in a German cohort of PSC patients and performed a concise differentiation between classical autoimmune (AID) and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID) and report its influence on clinical outcome.
3D surface profile measurements of large x-ray synchrotron radiation mirrors using stitching interferometry (2002)

Stitching interferometry, using small-aperture, high-resolution, phase-measuring interferometery, has been proposed for quite some time now as a metrology technique to obtain 3-dimensional profiles of surfaces of oversized optical components and substrates. The aim of this work is to apply this method to the specific case of long grazing-incidence x-ray mirrors, such as those used in beamlines at synchrotron radiation facilities around the world. Both fabrication and characterization of these mirrors would greatly benefit from this technique because it offers the potential for providing measurements with accuracy and resolution better than those obtained using existing noncontact laser profilers, such as the long trace profiler (LTP). Measurement data can be used as feedback for computer-controlled fabrication processes to correct for possible topography errors. The data can also be used for simulating and predicting mirror performance under realistic conditions. A semiautomated stitching system was built and tested at the X-ray Optics Metrology Laboratory of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. The initial objective was to achieve a measurement sensitivity on the order of 1 μrad rms. Preliminary tests on a 1m-long x-ray mirror showed system repeatability of less than 0.6 μrad rms. This value is comparable to that of a conventional LTP. The measurement accuracy was mostly affected by environmental perturbations and system calibration effects. With a fully automated and improved system (to be built in the near future), we expect to achieve measurement sensitivity on the order of 0.01 μrad rms or better. In this paper, after a brief review of basic principles and general technical difficulties and challenges of the stitching technique, a detailed description of the measurement setup is given and preliminary results obtained with it are analyzed and discussed.
Molecular diversity of symbiotic algae at the latitudinal margins of their distribution: dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium in corals and sea anemones (2002)

To investigate the molecular diversity of symbiotic algae at the latitudinal limits of their distribution, the ribosomal RNA gene sequences (rDNA) of the dinoflagellate Symbiodinium in benthic Cnidaria (corals, sea anemones etc.) on Bermuda (32N) and in the Mediterranean and NE Atlantic (35 to 53N) were analysed. The algae in Bermudian Cnidaria were identified as Symbiodinium of Phylotypes A, B and C, as previously described for benthic Cnidaria in the Caribbean (12 to 27N). The algae in every sample of sea anemones (Anemonia spp. and Cereus pedunculatus) in the NE Atlantic and Mediterranean were a previously undescribed group within Phylotype A, possibly endemic to this high latitude region.
Surfactant Collectins and Innate Immunity (2008)

Respiratory pathogens encounter various lines of defenses before infection of the host is established. The innate immune response represents an important first-line protection mechanism against potentially pathogenic microorganisms during early stages of infection of the naive host. Important players in this host defense system are 'collectins', a class of soluble innate immune proteins. Well-characterized members of the collectin family are the surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and D (SP-D). These collectins are expressed in the lung and also in extrapulmonary mucosal tissues. Collectins are secreted as multimers resulting in trimeric clustering of the lectin domains which enables recognition of evolutionary conserved sugar patterns present on the surface of a large variety of pathogens. Binding to collectins may lead to direct agglutination and neutralization of pathogens, to opsonization in order to present bound microbes directly to phagocytes, to modulation of the inflammatory response and to regulation of dendritic cell and T cell functions. In pulmonary tissue, this early acute-phase-like response can be regarded as a crucial layer of protection against a vast array of pathogens that escape the physical barriers and threaten to infect the delicate respiratory epithelium. An important clinical application may be the inhalation, or instillation of collectin-based drugs as part of surfactant therapy, to prevent and treat infectious and inflammatory diseases of newborn infants.
Inductive methods for proving properties of programs (1973)

There are two main purposes in this paper: first, clarification and extension of known results about computation of recursive programs, with emphasis on the difference between the theoretical and practical approaches; second, presentation and examination of various known methods for proving properties of recursive programs. Discussed in detail are two powerful inductive methods, computational induction and structural induction, including examples of their applications.
Radical ions of poly(phenylsilyne) and poly(phenylgermyne) (1995)

Abstract Poly(phenylsilyne) and poly(phenylgermyne), which have a network Si‐ and Ge‐skeleton, were synthesized by electrochemical reduction of trichlorophenylsilane and trichlorophenylgermane, respectively. The poly(phenylsilyne) showed broad absorption and emission bands that are characteristic of silicon network polymers. Similarly broad absorption and emission bands were observed for the poly(phenylgermyne). Radical anions and radical cations of poly(phenylsilyne) and poly(phenylgermyne) were produced by pulse radiolysis. The radical ions of these network polymers showed broad transient absorption bands from the UV to the IR region. Within 200 ns after pulse radiolysis, the absorption band of the radical cation in the UV region decreased, whereas the band in the IR region increased. The time‐dependent spectral change of the radical cation suggests the formation of a change resonance band of the delocalized positive charge on the σ‐conjugated polymer chain. In contrast to the radical cation, the radical anion of the network polymers did not show a spectral change.
Comparison and Political Economy in Welfare State Research (2008)

Two very different books illustrate two rea sons why comparative analysis plays such a central role in the study of welfare states. One is the temptation to ask counterfactual analyt ical and normative questions regarding a soci ety we care about. Analytical: Why doesn't the United States have a decent social policy like Europe? Normative: Imagine how much less the United States would suffer from social maladies if it had a European-style welfare state! These are the issues raised by James W. Russell in Double Standard. His book is an indictment of America that uses comparisons with Europe to suggest that: (a) the United States is a shameful welfare laggard; (b) this divergence between the U.S. and Europe is essentially hard-wired into their cultural-his torical legacies; but (c) it would be nice if the United States were to become more European. Russell's volume joins other scholarship on the origins and implications of America's exceptionalism as a leader in inequality and a welfare state laggard, which has enjoyed something of a renaissance recently. I will suggest that while this book has some peda gogical utility, it is not a particularly illustrious specimen of its breed. A second reason for tuming to comparative welfare state research is the quest for causal generalizations explaining systematic variation across more than a few welfare states, and often the entire universe. This project inspired work in the sixties and seventies informed by theories of modemization and convergence. It is also at the heart of an alternative approach, dominant since the eighties, which holds that persistent policy distinctions across country clusters (welfare regimes) are driven by power and politics. From the start, the theme that matters has been challenged by claims that successive economic forces stagflation, deindustrialization and most recently globalization-no longer leave room for expensive programs of public social pro tection. The search for a better understanding of the relationship between economic con straints and welfare state politics is central to the second book under review, Globalization and the Future of the Welfare State. Globalization and the Future of the Welfare State, edited by Miguel Glatzer and Dietrich Rueschemeyer. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2005. 276pp. $29.95 paper. ISBN: 9780822958611.
A First Principles Analysis of the Location and Affinity of Protons in the Secondary Structure of Phosphotungstic Acid (2004)

Nonlocal gradient corrected density functional theory was used to determine the optimal positions of the protons and their relative affinity in the secondary structure of phosphotungstic acid. First, a body centered cubic structure associated with the hexahydrate was incorporated into the model. The desorption energies of the first and second water molecules from a bridging H5O2+ species were calculated to be 109 and 55 kJ mol-1, respectively. The H3O+ or H+ species remaining after dehydration are preferentially located between two oxygen atoms of adjacent Keggin units. The preferred position is between two terminal Od atoms or between a terminal Od atom and a bridging Oc atom, depending on the alignment of the Keggin units. The energy advantage of sharing a proton between two Keggin units is in the range of 43 to 71 kJ mol-1. Three-dimensional periodic calculations indicate that anhydrous phosphotungstic acid can form a regular lattice in which all protons are shared between the heteropolyanions.
High prevalence of high risk human papillomavirus-capsid antibodies in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive men: a serological study (2003)

High risk HPV-antibodies in HIV-infected and homosexual men suggest a continuous exposure to HPV-proteins throughout the course of their HIV infection, reflecting the known increased risk for anogenital malignancies in these populations. The extensive increase of high risk antibodies (compared to low risk antibodies) in HIV-positive patients cannot be explained by differences in exposure history alone, but suggests defects of the immunological control of oncogenic HPV-types. HPV-serology is economic and can detect past or present HPV-infection, independently of an anatomical region. Therefore HPV-serology could help to better understand the natural history of anogenital HPV-infection in HIV-positive men in the era of antiretroviral therapy.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Method for One‐Pot Reductive Cleavage of Acetals to Primary Alcohols Using a Bimetal Redox Couple CoCl<sub>2</sub>·6H<sub>2</sub>O‐Zn. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Serum metabolic signatures of primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis (2015)

Background and Aims
A greater understanding of cholestatic disease is necessary to advance diagnostic tools and therapeutic options for conditions such as primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the serum metabolomes of patients with PBC (n=18) or PSC (n=21) and healthy controls (n=10) and to identify metabolites that may differentiate these two cholestatic diseases.
Femoral Cement Removal in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty (1987)

A technique of femoral cement removal in revision total hip arthroplasty is described and biomechanically evaluated. Two 9-mm holes are drilled anteriorly through the proximal femoral cortex before cement is removed. These holes permit direct visualization of the medullary canal and help to prevent eccentric reaming or inadvertent perforation with the power drill. They also provide portals for enhanced irrigation, illumination, and cement removal. For assessment of the effect of cortical perforations on bone strength, 12 cadaveric femurs containing cemented prosthetic stems were analyzed. The femurs were stressed at various loads on the Instron Materials Testing Machine (Instro Engineering Corporation, Kenton, MA) under conditions simulating single-limb stance. The stress concentrations were significantly higher about laterally drilled holes than about those located anteriorly. When loaded to failure, all fractures occurred at or below the prosthetic stem tip. No fractures occurred in the proximally placed drill holes. A finite element model showed that two holes kept at least two hole diameters apart did not cause cumulative stress concentration.
An overview of the network global expectation model (2004)

I describe and illustrate the application of the network global expectation model, in which expectation values evaluated over the network provide both exact and approximate analytic descriptions of the required quantities and variances of network resources and commensurate costs.
Body mass index as a risk factor for increased serum lactate during craniotomy. (2013)

We observed a consistent and early increase in serum lactate in patients undergoing craniotomy, which correlated with BMI, but not length of surgery. Associated increases in CK and myoglobinuria support the hypothesis that elevated BMI contributed to muscle ischemia and tissue breakdown during craniotomy. Future studies are required to establish the overall clinical significance and mechanism of hyperlactatemia during neurosurgery.
Human Cytomegalovirus US2 Endoplasmic Reticulum-Lumenal Domain Dictates Association with Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I in a Locus-Specific Manner (2001)

The human cytomegalovirus-encoded US2 glycoprotein targets endoplasmic reticulum-resident major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I heavy chains for rapid degradation by the proteasome. We demonstrate that the endoplasmic reticulum-lumenal domain of US2 allows tight interaction with class I molecules encoded by the HLA-A locus. Recombinant soluble US2 binds properly folded, peptide-containing recombinant HLA-A2 molecules in a peptide sequence-independent manner, consistent with US2's ability to broadly downregulate class I molecules. The physicochemical properties of the US2/MHC class I complex suggest a 1:1 stoichiometry. These results demonstrate that US2 does not require additional cellular proteins to specifically interact with soluble class I molecules. Binding of US2 does not significantly alter the conformation of class I molecules, as a soluble T-cell receptor can simultaneously recognize class I molecules associated with US2. The lumenal domain of US2 can differentiate between the products of distinct class I loci, as US2 binds several HLA-A locus products while being unable to bind recombinant HLA-B7, HLA-B27, HLA-Cw4, or HLA-E. We did not observe interaction between soluble US2 and either recombinant HLA-DR1 or recombinant HLA-DM. The substrate specificity of US2 may help explain the presence in human cytomegalovirus of multiple strategies for downregulation of MHC class I molecules.
Formation of <i>N</i>‐Pyroglutamyl Peptides from <i>N</i>‐Glu and<i>N</i>‐Gln Precursors in <i>Aplysia</i> Neurons (1999)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization with time-of-flight mass spectrometry is used to examine the formation of N-pyroglutamate (pGlu) in single, identified neurons from Aplysia. Six pGlu peptides are identified in the R3-14 and the R15 neurons that result from in vivo processing of peptides containing either Glu or Gln at their respective N-termini. Moreover, we show that Glu-derived pGlu is not a sample collection or measurement artifact. The pGlu peptides are detected in isolated cell bodies, regenerated neurites in culture, interganglionic connective nerves, cell homogenates, and collected releasates. We also demonstrate that R3-14 cells readily convert a synthetic N-Glu peptide to its pGlu analogue, indicating the presence of novel enzymatic activity.