gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distributed optical fibre temperature measurements in a low dose rate radiation environment based on Rayleigh backscattering (2012)

On-line monitoring of environmental conditions in nuclear facilities is becoming a more and more important problem. Standard electronic sensors are not the ideal solution due to radiation sensitivity and difficulties in installation of multiple sensors. In contrast, radiation-hard optical fibres can sustain very high radiation doses and also naturally offer multi-point or distributed monitoring of external perturbations. Multiple local electro-mechanical sensors can be replaced by just one measuring fibre. At present, there are over four hundred operational nuclear power plants (NPPs) in the world 1. Operating experience has shown that ineffective control of the ageing degradation of major NPP components can threaten plant safety and also plant life. Among those elements, cables are vital components of I&C systems in NPPs. To ensure their safe operation and predict remaining life, environmental monitoring is necessary. In particular, temperature and radiation dose are considered to be the two most important parameters. The aim of this paper is to assess experimentally the feasibility of optical fibre temperature measurements in a low doserate radiation environment, using a commercially available reflectometer based on Rayleigh backscattering. Four different fibres were installed in the Sub-Pile Room of the BR2 Material testing nuclear reactor in Mol, Belgium. This place is man-accessible during the reactor shut-down, allowing easy fibre installation. When the reactor operates, the dose-rates in the room are in a range 0.005-5 Gy/h with temperatures of 40-60 °C, depending on the location. Such a surrounding is not much different to some "hot" environments in NPPs, where I&C cables are located.
Solvent effects on the oxidation of alkyl radicals by lead(IV) and copper(II) complexes (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolvent effects on the oxidation of alkyl radicals by lead(IV) and copper(II) complexesJay K. Kochi and John D. BachaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 7, 2746–2754Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01271a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01271a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views543Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Antigenic variation in Plasmodium falciparum. (1991)

Antigenic variation of infectious organisms is a major factor in evasion of the host immune response. However, there has been no definitive demonstration of this phenomenon in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. In this study, cloned parasites were examined serologically and biochemically for the expression of erythrocyte surface antigens. A cloned line of P. falciparum gave rise to progeny that expressed antigenically distinct forms of an erythrocyte surface antigen but were otherwise identical. This demonstrates that antigenic differences on the surface of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes can arise by antigenic variation of clonal parasite populations. The antigenic differences were shown to result from antigenic variation of the parasite-encoded protein, the P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1.
Control over selectivity and rate of hydrocarbon synthesis from carbon monoxide and hydrogen (2007)

A mathematical model was developed for hydrocarbon synthesis from CO and H2 in a tubular fixed-bed reactor over a cobalt catalyst. On the basis of the model, optimal conditions for the process in the cases when the desired products are C7H16 and C17H36 are recommended.
Genipin, a New Type of Protein Crosslinking Reagent from Gardenia Fruits (1988)

Journal Article Genipin, a New Type of Protein Crosslinking Reagent from Gardenia Fruits Get access Shigeaki Fujikawa, Shigeaki Fujikawa Institute for Fundamental Research, Sun tory Ltd., Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shigeyuki Nakamura, Shigeyuki Nakamura Institute for Fundamental Research, Sun tory Ltd., Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kunimasa Kooa Kunimasa Kooa Institute for Fundamental Research, Sun tory Ltd., Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 52, Issue 3, 1 March 1988, Pages 869–870, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1988.10868755 Published: 01 March 1988 Article history Received: 27 October 1987 Published: 01 March 1988
Design and characteristics of a small U‐slotted planar antenna for IR‐UWB (2007)

Abstract This article introduces the design of a small (30 mm × 35 mm × 1.6 mm) band‐rejected U‐slotted planar antenna on FR4 substrate having a relative permittivity of ε r = 4.4 for Impulse Radio Ultra Wide Band (IR‐UWB) systems. The antenna is fed by a microstrip line and rejects the frequency band from 5.15 GHz to 5.825 GHz used by IEEE 802.11a and HIPERLAN/2. This antenna shows good characteristics for IR‐UWB. The effects of variation on steps and U‐Slot are discussed. The antenna is characterized both in the time and frequency domains by use of simulation and measurement.© 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1727–1731, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22515
Some Properties of GTP Cyclohydrolase from<i>Serratia indica</i>and the Pterin Product by Its Enzymatic Reaction (1976)

GTP cyclohydrolase which catalyzes the formation of formic acid and a pterin compound from guanosine-5′-triphosphate (GTP) has been partially purified from extracts of Serratia indica IFO 3759. 14C-Formic acid eliminated from (8-14C)GTP is oxidized with mercury acetate to 14CO2, which is trapped by β-phenylethylamine. The molecular weight of the enzyme is approximately 170,000 and the enzyme is relatively heat-stable. The enzyme activity is strongly inhibited by GDP and ATP, but not by other nucleotides. Inhibition by GDP is competitive with GTP. Metals, such as Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Al3+, Hg2+ and p-chloromercuribenzoate strongly inhibit the enzyme activity. The activity is also inhibited by . The pterin product has been characterized as a derivative of neopterin triphosphate by enzymatic degradations, ultraviolet spectra, fluorescence and excitation spectra, thin-layer chromatography and thin-layer electrophoresis. The product is estimated to differ from d-erythro-neopterin triphosphate prepared from the enzyme system of Escherichia coli B, since (1) only one mole of phosphate can be liberated by alkaline phosphatase and two moles of phosphates by phosphodiesterase and alkaline phosphatase from the product, and (2) the retention time of the product on high-performance liquid chromatography is different from that of d-erythro-neopterin triphosphate.
Modification of Vascular Function after Handgrip Exercise Training in 73- to90-yr-Old Men (2009)

These data indicate that a localized short-term exercise program results in significant improvements in vascular function in the trained arm of elderly men compared with the control arm. Furthermore, the findings indicate a statistically significant increase in BAR at the end of the second week of training, despite a similar trigger for dilation versus before training.
Mobile multimedia services for third generation communications systems (2002)

The growth of digital cellular telephony has created demand for rich multimedia services similar to what we have come to expect of wire-line communications. The applications are far reaching such as video conferencing, emergency medical consultation and directions to m-commerce, remote site surveying and embedded navigational systems. Global standards bodies such as 3GPP, ETSI, ARIB and ITU-T have converged upon the next generation infrastructure capable of providing broadband services to mobile devices in the form of packet switched WCDMA. The focus of our research is on error resilient coding earmarked to reach data rates ranging from 144 Kbps to 2 Mbps on the uplink with the aim of substantial performance improvements. Toward this end we present a two-fold approach, focusing on error-resilient video coding and smart antennae for robust transmission. An accurate simulation of the end-to-end system was implemented using SPW, with performance measured in terms of PSNR and bit error rates.
Low threshold 1.3 μm strained-layer Al <sub> <i>x</i> </sub> Ga <sub> <i>y</i> </sub> In <sub> 1− <i>x</i> − <i>y</i> </sub> As quantum well lasers (1992)

Low threshold 1.3 μm lasers using compressive as well as tensile-strained single AlxGayIn1−x−yAs quantum wells (100 and 188 A/cm2, respectively), are demonstrated. Low threshold currents of 2 mA at 25°C and 14 mA at 100°C are achieved for 3.5 μm wide ridge waveguide lasers using the compressive-strained single quantum well.
Steroidal Sapogenins. XVI. Hydrolysis of 5α-22a-Spirostane Glycosides by Fungal Saponases<sup>1,2</sup> (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSteroidal Sapogenins. XVI. Hydrolysis of 5α-22a-Spirostane Glycosides by Fungal Saponases1,2Merle M. Krider, Theone C. Cordon, and Monroe E. WallCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 13, 3515–3517Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01642a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01642a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views67Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Changing Profile of University Library Directors, 1966-1981 (1984)

were compared to gauge the degree of change that occurred at the highest levels of university libraries. In both years directors were predominantly middle-aged male graduates of liberal arts programs. Significant differences were observed, however, in the directors' regions of origin, library education, additional graduate degrees, and career patterns. This evidence suggests that competition for directorships has intensified because of an enlarged pool of potential candidates.
Intelligent Vehicle Power Control Based on Machine Learning of Optimal Control Parameters and Prediction of Road Type and Traffic Congestion (2009)

Previous research has shown that current driving conditions and driving style have a strong influence over a vehicle's fuel consumption and emissions. This paper presents a methodology for inferring road type and traffic congestion (RT&TC) levels from available onboard vehicle data and then using this information for improved vehicle power management. A machine-learning algorithm has been developed to learn the critical knowledge about fuel efficiency on 11 facility-specific drive cycles representing different road types and traffic congestion levels, as well as a neural learning algorithm for the training of a neural network to predict the RT&TC level. An online University of Michigan-Dearborn intelligent power controller (UMD_IPC) applies this knowledge to real-time vehicle power control to achieve improved fuel efficiency. UMD_IPC has been fully implemented in a conventional (nonhybrid) vehicle model in the powertrain systems analysis toolkit (PSAT) environment. Simulations conducted on the standard drive cycles provided by the PSAT show that the performance of the UMD_IPC algorithm is very close to the offline controller that is generated using a dynamic programming optimization approach. Furthermore, UMD_IPC gives improved fuel consumption in a conventional vehicle, alternating neither the vehicle structure nor its components.
ChemInform Abstract: NMR‐UNTERSUCHUNG DER WECHSELWIRKUNG VON KOBALT (II) ‐ UND NICKEL(II)‐IONEN MIT THIAMINPYROPHOSPHAT (1972)

Abstract Anhand von 1 H‐ und 31 P‐NMR‐Untersuchungen wird gefolgert: Thiaminpyrophosphat (TPP) ist über seine Pyrophosphat‐Gruppe und den Pyrimidin‐Teil an die Metallionen gebunden; diese Bindungen entsprechen denen in analogen ATP‐Komplexen.
Divulgación y clásicos de la Ciencia. (2008)

A foodborne acute gastroenteritis outbreak due to Shigella sonnei infection occurred in a household after eating foods in a housewarming party at Pakapol Village, South 24 Parganas District of West Bengal, an Indian state, in November 2016. Here, we report the epidemiological and microbiological findings of this outbreak. Thirty-four people attended the party on November 23, 2016, and had lunch together. The median incubation period from the time of food consumption to the development of acute gastroenteritis was 18.5 h (interquartile range, 16.5-22 h). The overall attack rate was 73% (25/34), and 76% (19/25) of them required hospitalization. All age groups were affected with 100% recovery rate. One served food item was significantly associated with the illness, i.e., tomato salad (risk ratio, 4.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.21-14.13). Among the 12 stool specimens tested, 8 (67%; 8/12) were positive for S. sonnei. All S. sonnei strains were completely resistant to nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and erythromycin, and partially resistant to tetracycline, doxycycline, streptomycin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis showed that the recent outbreak strains of S. sonnei were clonally related with the locally circulating strains in Kolkata.
Deficiency in MyD88 Signaling Results in Decreased Antibody Responses to an Adeno-Associated Virus Vector in Murine Pompe Disease (2012)

We have previously shown that antibody and T cell responses limit the efficacy of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) pseudotype 8 (2/8) vector containing the universally active cytomegalovirus enhancer/chicken β-actin regulatory cassette (AAV2/8-CBhGAA) in treating murine Pompe disease. However, the innate immune responses to AAV2/8-CBhGAA are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated acute immune responses to AAV2/8-CBhGAA and the role of MyD88/TRIF signaling pathway in shaping adaptive immune responses to this vector. We showed here that a small and transient increase in CXCL-1 and IL-1β expression in livers of acid-α-glucosidase knockout (GAAKO) mice 6 h following injection with AAV2/8-CBhGAA. There was a robust antibody response to GAA in wild-type mice injected with this vector. In contrast, the anti-GAA IgG1 response was diminished in MyD88KO mice, and showed a trend toward a decrease in TRIFKO mice. In addition, the vector genome and GAA activity were significantly higher in MyD88KO livers compared with wild-type livers, suggesting reduced cytotoxic T cell responses. Importantly, elevated CD4(+) T cells were detected by immunohistochemistry in MyD88KO livers. When adoptively transferred to wild-type mice, these CD4(+) T cells have an ability to suppress antibody responses against AAV2/8-CBhGAA and to prevent further immunization against rhGAA. Our study suggests that the MyD88 deficiency leads to the suppression of deleterious immune responses to AAV2/8-CBhGAA, which has implications for gene therapy in Pompe disease.
Intensive Determinants of Remote Masking (1958)

Five experiments were conducted to determine those aspects of a masking noise for which remote masking is invariant. The relative contributions of spectrum level and band width to remote masking can be described by the general equation LR = 2Ls+Lf+C, where LR is remote masking in db; Ls is spectrum level in db, the SPL of a 1-cps band width; and Lf is band-width level in db re a 1-cps band width. The constant is specific to each group of subjects. For remote masking less than 30 db, the formula does not predict remote masking, but does enable us to equate different conditions of spectrum level and band width. This equation does not hold as well when frequencies above 4000 cps are included in the masking noise. The possible causes of this inconsistency are discussed.
O(3PJ) formation and desorption by 157-nm photoirradiation of amorphous solid water (2014)

Photodissociation of amorphous solid water (ASW) deposited on a thinly oxidized copper substrate at 82 K was studied by measuring O((3)PJ=2,1,0) photoproducts detected with resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization. For each spin-orbit state, the oxygen atom time-of-flight spectrum was measured as a function of H2O exposure, which is related to ice thickness, and 157-nm irradiation time. Four Maxwell-Boltzmann distributions with translational temperatures of 10,000 K, 1800 K, 400 K, and 82 K were found to fit the data. The most likely formation mechanisms are molecular elimination following ionization of water and ion-electron recombination, secondary recombination of hydroxyl radicals, and photodissociation of adsorbed hydroxyl radicals. Evidence for O-atom diffusion through bulk ASW was found for H2O exposures of at least 5 Langmuir (1 L = 10(-6) Torr s). The cross sections for O((3)P2) depletion were 1.3 × 10(-19) and 6.5 × 10(-20) cm(2) for 1 and 5 L, respectively.
Environmentally compatible solder materials for thick film hybrid assemblies (1997)

New soldering materials and processes have been developed over the last several years to address a variety of environmental issues. One of the primary efforts by the electronics industry has involved the development of alternative solders to replace the traditional lead-containing alloys. Sandia National Laboratories is developing such alternative solder materials for printed circuit board and hybrid microcircuit (HMC) applications. This paper describes the work associated with low residue, lead-free soldering of thick film HMC`s. The response of the different materials to wetting, aging, and mechanical test conditions was investigated. Hybrid test vehicles were designed and fabricated with a variety of chip capacitors and leadless ceramic chip carriers to conduct thermal, electrical continuity, and mechanical evaluations of prototype joints. Microstructural development along the solder and thick film interface, after isothermal solid state aging over a range of elevated temperatures and times, was quantified using microanalytical techniques. Flux residues on soldered samples were stressed (temperature-humidity aged) to identify potential corrosion problems. Mechanical tests also supported the development of a solder joint lifetime prediction model. Progress of this effort is summarized.
Nonlinear control of a batch polymerization reactor with on-line parameter and state estimations (2002)

Nonlinear control strategies are suitable for output tracking problems encountered in batch processes, but a precise dynamic model is usually required. In the present work, an adaptive control of input-output linearizable systems, together with an extended Kalman filter, was applied to a simulated batch polymerization reactor to realize the output (monomer conversion) tracking in the presence of model parameter uncertainties. Simulation results show that this technique is robust and the output tracking performance can be ensured even in the presence of large model parameter errors and disturbances.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE THEORY OF π-BONDING IN INORGANIC COMPOUNDS (1960)

Evidence for the existence of multiple bonding due to d-electron donation by non-inert gas type ions is discussed briefly. A quantitative relation between the heats of formation of binary halides and chalcides containing non-inert gas type cations, on the one hand, and inert gas type cations, on the other, reveals an enhanced lattice energy in the former class of compounds. It is shown that this may be accounted for in the case of iron group elements without recourse to the postulate of participation of d-electrons in the bonding, as satisfactory estimates of the lattice energies of halides and sulphides may be made on the basis of values for group IIa compounds.
Tunability and Sub- and Superharmonic Entrainment of Limit Cycles in CW Laser Driven MEMS (2012)

The nonlinear dynamics of nanoscale mechanical oscillators driven both inertially and by CW laser light are explored experimentally. The oscillators are singly and doubly-supported beams, 200 nm thick with lengths up to 40 microns. The optically thin beams, suspended over a Si substrate, form a Fabry-Pérot interferometer. The net effect is that the fractions of absorbed and reflected light are periodic functions of the gap. Thus, monitoring the reflected signal allows the motion to be measured. In addition, motion of the device through the interference field modulates the temperature and hence thermal stress of the oscillator. The thermal stress provides a thermo-mechanical drive to the beam, resulting in nonlinear feedback that can drive the beam into limit cycle oscillation. The laser power needed for the onset of limit cycles is studied as a function of beam geometry, and laser placement. The oscillators show both hardening and softening behaviors, sub- and superharmonic entrainment and wide frequency tunability.