gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
UV Resonance Raman Spectroscopy Using a New cw Laser Source: Convenience and Experimental Simplicity (1993)

A new laser has been developed which generates hundreds of milliWatts of cw UV power below 260 nm. The laser consists of a small-frame Ar + -ion laser which is intracavity doubled with the use of BBO nonlinear optical crystals. More than 300 mW are available at 244 and 257 nm, while 180, 100, and 30 mW are available at 248, 238, and 228.9 nm, respectively. This laser is an ideal source for UV Raman spectroscopy since it avoids the nonlinear and saturation problems common with the typical pulsed laser excitation sources. It also minimizes thermal sample degradation. We demonstrate the increased spectral signal-to-noise ratios possible due to the ability to focus the cw laser into a small-volume element that can be efficiently imaged into the spectrometer. We demonstrate the ability of this laser to excite Raman spectra of solid samples such as coal-liquid residuals, and point out the utility of the 228.9-nm line for studying aromatic amino acids in proteins. We also demonstrate the ability to selectively study pyrene intercalated into calf thymus DNA.
Evidence for the role of the interface in polyolefin nanocomposites (2005)

The burgeoning area of nanodielectrics has been fueled by the demonstration of enhanced electrical and mechanical properties observed in nanoparticle filled polymers. The high surface energy and vastly augmented surface area (in comparison to conventional composites) is thought to be the underlying reason for such benefits. This paper explores the electrical properties of silicon dioxide nanoparticle/low-density cross-linked polyethylene matrix composites and the effect of the large interface on breakdown strength with both polar and non-polar surface treatments. To that end, the interface was characterized to examine the species and bonding present, and dielectric spectroscopy used to highlight the interfacial polarization. Significantly enhanced dielectric breakdown strength was observed relative to conventional microcomposites, and some speculation about the mechanism responsible is offered.
F205 Experimental Study about Improvement of Thermal Efficiency by Spectrum Heat Absorption Technique for the Sake of Energy Saving and Reduction of CO_2 Emission on Fossil Fuel Combustion (2012)

The authors have developed the inclusive technique for the improvement of thermal efficiency by "spectrum heat absorption method" using the electro-magnetic wave at specific band of far infrared rays for realization of high energy saving on fossil fuel combustion. The spectrum heat absorption method makes it possible to increase temperature rise ratio between fluid gas and combustion gas by absorbing the radiation spectrum of carbon dioxide (CO_2) produced from high temperature combustion gas through the Aprm radiant materials applied in the heat exchange region. From several kinds of verification tests we may predict that a specific wave number of far infrared rays has an ability to increase the amount of heat transfer to working fluids from combustion exhaust gas. The principle is very useful and effective to achieve the high energy saving on fossil fuel combustion.
Nouvelles fédérales (2017)

Le transfert est le moteur de la cure analytique, mais également de l’accompagnement vers les soins. Il peut être utilisé pour instaurer une alliance thérapeutique avec le patient et contribuer à sa « guérison », mais il est aussi responsable des résistances les plus fortes et peut les servir pour être un frein. Il est une arme à double tranchant. Le contretransfert représente les réactions de l’analyste, de l’accompagnant au transfert du patient, ses émotions, ses pensées, ses affects qui peuvent conscients ou inconscients. Transfert et contretransfert sont indissociables. On parle de relation transfero-contretransférentielle.
Identifying Membrane Protein Surface Markers of HIV-1 Infection (2008)

HIV-1 is the cause of AIDS, a destructive disease of the immune system. The ability of HIV-1 to induce selective apoptosis in certain CD4+ T lymphocytes, while establishing a persistent viral reservoir in a small population of CD4+ T cells, is a critical element for understanding the ability of HIV-1 to evade the immune system and designing new therapeutic approaches. Current therapies for HIV, such as HAART, promote resistant strains of the virus, and, therefore, there is a need for new therapeutic targets that will not develop resistance. As the plasma membrane plays an essential role in multiple steps in the HIV infection process, a thorough understanding of the membrane proteome is warranted. Proteomic studies have recently begun to identify potentially important cell-surface markers of HIV-1-infected cells. Elucidating the role of these plasma membrane proteins in HIV-1 infection may provide critically needed new therapeutic targets.
Photochemistry of benzo [b] thiophenes (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemistry of benzo [b] thiophenesDouglas C. Neckers, J. H. Dopper, and Hans WynbergCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 5, 1582–1587Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00830a068https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00830a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views97Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
301. Activity coefficients of nitric and perchloric acids in dilute aqueous solution from E.M.F. and transport-number measurements (1957)

A. K. Covington and J. E. Prue, J. Chem. Soc., 1957, 1567 DOI: 10.1039/JR9570001567
Tactile form and location processing in the human brain (2005)

To elucidate the neural basis of the recognition of tactile form and location, we used functional MRI while subjects discriminated gratings delivered to the fingertip of either the right or left hand. Subjects were required to selectively attend to either grating orientation or grating location under identical stimulus conditions. Independent of the hand that was stimulated, grating orientation discrimination selectively activated the left intraparietal sulcus, whereas grating location discrimination selectively activated the right temporoparietal junction. Hence, hemispheric dominance appears to be an organizing principle for cortical processing of tactile form and location.
Overexpression of Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4E Induces Critical Transcription Factors Such As c-Myc in Multiple Myeloma Resulting in Enhanced Clonogenic Tumor Growth in Vitro and in Vivo. (2012)

Abstract Abstract 2908 Introduction: The eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is a critical regulator in protein synthesis. It has been shown that overexpression and/or activation of eIF4E is critical for oncogenic protein synthesis. The precise role of protein translation in multiple myeloma (MM) is less clear. Recently it has been shown that eIF4E protein levels are higher in primary CD138+ MM cells than in normal plasma cells (Li, Jin et al. 2011) and that mutations in genes related to mRNA translation are involved in the pathogenesis of multiple (Chapman, Lawrence et al. 2011). Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that control protein synthesis is an emerging new research area in MM with significant potential for developing innovative therapies. In this study, we analyzed the effects of introduction of ectopic eIF4E in MM cell lines compared with their parent cells in vitro and in vivo. Results: To examine the effect of overexpressed eIF4E in MM, we transduced MM cell lines with lentiviral particles encoding human eIF4E with GFP as selection marker. Introduction of ectopic eIF4E significantly increased critical factors for myeloma cell growth such as myc, cyclin D1, C/EBP beta and IRF4 as detected by western blotting. Overexpression of eIF4E resulted in a significant (p<0.001) increase of DNA synthesis compared to empty vector control (EV) cells. Cell cycle analysis revealed a decreasing number of cells in G0/G1 phase (62% vs 49%) and cells arresting in the G2/M phase (14% vs 23%), not affecting cell apoptosis. Overexpression of eIF4E further led to the significant increase (p=0.004) of clonogenic tumor growth with expansion of clonogenic colony numbers (22.3 ± 2.5 vs 40.3 ± 2.1) and size. To determine whether overexpressed eIF4E also affects MM tumor growth in vivo, we generated subcutaneous MM xenografts in severe combined immunodeficient x beige (SCID/bg) mice using the EV and eIF4E-OE-U266 cells. In contrast to EV-U266 tumors, animals bearing eIF4E-OE-U266 xenografts showed a significant increase (p<0.001) of tumor growth by 180% after 13 days. Conclusion: Here we show that eIF4E, a key player in translational machinery, promotes multiple myeloma cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. When eIF4E is overexpressed, it enhances protein expression of a subset of transcripts encoding regulators of the cell cycle and proliferation. Disclosures: Lentzsch: Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding.
Toward better early-phase brain tumor clinical trials: A reappraisal ofcurrent methods and proposals for future strategies (2002)

Although no optimal treatment is currently available for malignant brain tumors, as the molecular mechanisms underlying brain tumor development have been delineated, new chemotherapeutic agents that act directly on specific molecular targets have become available. Defining a specific molecular target raises the possibility that the molecular effects of a given agent can be analyzed in patients in a clinical trial. Specifically, whereas standard phase I and II clinical trials classically determine the safety and efficacy of agents by using indirect global end points, these new biological agents afford the opportunity to incorporate molecular end points into phase I and II clinical trials to determine whether the agent under investigation is actually doing what it was intended to do. This work presents avenues for improving current brain tumor clinical trial designs based on the molecular specificity of new agents and the unique features of brain tumors. Specifically, the authors recommend brain-applicable phase I and II clinical trial strategies that take advantage of the targeted nature of new agents to maximize information about their efficacy, toxicity, and molecular effects.
2,3-Dihydro-3β-methoxy Withaferin-A Protects Normal Cells against Stress: Molecular Evidence of Its Potent Cytoprotective Activity (2017)

2,3-Dihydro-3β-methoxy withaferin-A (3βmWi-A) is a natural withanolide that is structurally close to withaferin-A (Wi-A), is cytotoxic to human cancer cells, and is a candidate anticancer natural compound. Using cell-based biochemical, molecular, and imaging assays, we report that Wi-A and 3βmWi-A possess contrasting activities. Whereas Wi-A caused oxidative stress to normal cells, 3βmWi-A was well tolerated at even 10-fold higher concentrations. Furthermore, it promoted survival and protected normal cells against oxidative, UV radiation, and chemical stresses. We provide molecular evidence that 3βmWi-A induces antistress and pro-survival signaling through activation of the pAkt/MAPK pathway. We demonstrate that 3βmWi-A (i) contrary to Wi-A is safe and possesses stress-relieving activity, (ii) when given subsequent to a variety of stress factors including Wi-A, protects normal cells against their toxicity, and (iii) is a vital compound that may guard normal cells against the toxicity associated with various targeted therapeutic regimes in clinical practice.
Micellar effect on the photoinduced electron-transfer reactions of ruthenium(II)–polypyridyl complexes with phenolate ions. Effect of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (1997)

Although the emission spectra and excited-state lifetime of Ru(bpy) 3 2+ (bpy=2,2′-bipyridine), Ru(dmbpy) 3 2+ (dmbpy=4,4′- dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine) and Ru(phen) 3 2+ (phen=1,10-phenanthroline) are little affected by the addition of the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), an appreciable shift in λ max em , emission intensity and emission lifetime are observed for Ru(dtbpy) 3 2+ (dtbpy=4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyri dine) and Ru(dpphen) 3 2+ (dpphen=4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline). These results point out the importance of hydrophobic interactions over the coulombic repulsion thereby bringing the ruthenium(II) complexes close to the cationic micelles. The rate of luminescence quenching of five *Ru(NN) 3 2+ complexes, with alkyl-substituted phenolate ions in the presence of CTAC, follows different trends depending on the nature of the ligand in Ru(NN) 3 2+ as well as the quencher. The micellar inhibition is explained by considering ArO - being strongly associated with CTAC leaving Ru(NN) 3 2+ in the aqueous phase. The micellar catalysis at high [CTAC] with Ru(dtbpy) 3 2+ and Ru(dpphen) 3 2+ may be due to the operation of predominant hydrophobic interaction over the electrostatic repulsion.
Soluble forms of gamma-glutamyltransferase in human adult liver, fetal liver, and primary hepatoma compared. (1983)

We isolated the soluble forms of gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2; gamma-GT) from adult and fetal human liver and primary hepatoma and compared their properties. The Km value for L-gamma-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide and glycylglycine, the Ki for anthglutin, and the pH optimum were identical for the enzyme from all three sources. Nor were significant differences observed among the three in their heat stability, inhibition by serine and borate, or ability to transfer the gamma-glutamyl moiety to various amino acids and dipeptides. Unlike membrane-bound gamma-GT, the soluble form from all three sources entered polyacrylamide gel and showed identical electrophoretic mobilities. Treatment with neuraminidase decreased the electrophoretic mobilities to a similar extent. The relative molecular mass of the enzyme from each of the three sources is about 84 000. Immunoinhibition and immunoprecipitation of gamma-GT from the three sources by antibody to fetal liver gamma-GT followed an identical pattern. Gamma-GT from fetal liver and hepatoma differed significantly from that of adult liver in affinity for wheat-germ agglutinin and Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA-120). In many of the properties studied, soluble gamma-GT resembles the papain-digested form of membrane-bound gamma-GT.
Cd, Fe, and Light Sensitivity: Interrelationships in Cd-Treated <i>Populus</i> (2011)

Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal causing iron deficiency in the shoot and light sensitivity of photosynthetic tissues that leads to decreased photosynthetic performance and biomass production. Light intensity had strong impact on both photosynthetic activity and metal accumulation of cadmium-treated plants. At elevated irradiation, cadmium accumulation increased due to the higher dry mass of plants, but its allocation hardly changed. A considerable amount of iron accumulated in the roots, and iron concentration was higher in leaves developed at moderate rather than low irradiation. At the same time, the higher the irradiation the lower the maximal photochemical quantum efficiency. The decreased photochemical efficiency, however, started to recover after a week of Cd treatment at moderate light without substantial change in metal concentrations but following the accumulation of green fluorescent compounds. Both cadmium treatment and higher light caused the accumulation of flavonoids in leaf mesophyll vacuoles/chloroplasts, but accumulation of flavonols, fluorescing at 510 nm, was characteristic to cadmium stress. Therefore, flavonoids, which may act by scavenging reactive radicals, chelating Cd, and shielding against excess irradiation, play an important part in Cd stress tolerance of Populus, and may have special impact on its phytoremediation capacity.
The Structure of Fungisporin (1960)

A molecular weight of 980 was determined for fungisporin by the isothermal distillation method. In view of information published previously this points to a formula (Val, Phe)4 for this compound. Sequence studies on peptide fragments, obtained from fungisporin by partial acid hydrolysis, led to the structural formula cyclo-(Val2 · Phe2)2 for this natural cyclic polypeptide. Enzymatic experiments with the peptides obtained, showed that the full formula of fungisporin is most probably cyclo-(d-Val · l-Val · d-Phe · l-Phe ·)2.
Phase Behavior of Ranitidine HCl in the Presence of Degradants and Atmospheric MoistureImpact on Chemical Stability (2008)

For hydrophilic organic solids, it is well recognized that degradation is often promoted by exposure to humid conditions. Although this is an important issue for certain classes of materials, in particular pharmaceuticals, the factors which dictate the sensitivity of a given compound to moisture are not well understood. The goal of this work was to elucidate the synergistic influence of self-originating impurities and water vapor on the degradation kinetics of the histamine H2 receptor antagonist, ranitidine HCl. Physical mixtures of the drug and each of three major degradation products were subjected to conditions of elevated temperature and relative humidities. Pure samples showed a sigmoidal-shaped degradation profile for all storage conditions studied. During the lag time, the pure drug gained minimal quantities of moisture. Once degradation commenced, the samples started to absorb moisture. When mixed with the degradant, the lag period was eliminated for all storage conditions, even at low partial pressures of water. The extent of moisture gain by samples containing impurities could not be attributed to the presence of the impurity alone. It was found that the presence of impurities in contact with the surface of the drug, in combination with water vapor, promoted a phase transition of the crystalline material to the solution phase. A ternary phase diagram was constructed to visualize the proportion of the drug in the solid and solution phases as a function of impurity and moisture content. The increased mobility of molecules in solution presumably leads to enhanced reactivity relative to the crystalline material.
Encoding Information in Clustered-Dot Halftones (2010)

While barcodes are a popular means for encoding information for printed matter, they add unsightly overt content. If an image is already part of the composition of a printed label or page, hiding information in that image is an attractive alternative to barcodes. This paper offers a new method for encoding information in the halftone of an image. We focus on the class of techniques that perform clustered-dot halftoning, as commonly used in both dry toner and liquid toner electrophotographic processes. The method takes as input any grayscale image and a payload of data to be encoded and produces a bitonal clustereddot halftone of that image with selected halftone clusters shifted to carry varying numbers of bits from the payload. The resulting data-bearing steganographic halftone is referred to as a “Stegatone”. Because of the small size and large number of clustered-dot cells in printed halftones the bit density is quite high – over 2000 bytes/square-inch. Scans of test printed stegatones from a number of printers support the robustness of the method with high recovery rates.
Folate-Targeted PEG as a Potential Carrier for Carboplatin Analogs. Synthesis and in Vitro Studies (2003)

Like most low molecular weight drugs, carboplatin has a short blood circulation time, which reduces tumor uptake and intracellular DNA binding. Drugs conjugated to PEG carriers benefit from prolonged blood circulation, but suffer from reduced cell permeability. In this work we attempted to develop long-circulating PEGylated carboplatin analogues with improved cell permeation abilities, by conjugating the platinum moiety to folate-targeted PEG carriers capable of utilizing the folate receptor-mediated endocytosis (FRME). Two bifunctional FA-PEG conjugates, FA-PEG-Pt and FA-PEG-FITC, were prepared, and their cell uptake, DNA binding, and cytotoxicity were studied by fluorescent microscopy, FACS, and platinum analysis. Folate-targeted PEG conjugates enter the cells efficiently by the FRME pathway but form relatively few DNA adducts and have higher IC(50) values than carboplatin and their nontargeted analogues. Nontargeted PEG-Pt conjugates have a lower cellular uptake but produce higher levels of DNA binding and improved cytotoxicity. Carboplatin, used as a control, has the fastest cellular uptake, but after 16 h of postincubation a large percentage of the drug is excreted from the cells. The findings of this study suggest that folate-targeted conjugates such as FA-PEG-Pt, may not be an optimal prodrug for the carboplatin family compounds, because the conjugates or the active moieties are neutralized or blocked during the FRME process and do not manage to effectively reach the nuclear DNA.
An empirical evaluation of wide-area internet bottlenecks (2003)

Conventional wisdom has been that the performance limitations in the current Internet lie at the edges of the network -- i.e last mile connectivity to users, or access links of stub ASes. As these links are upgraded, however, it is important to consider where new bottlenecks and hot-spots are likely to arise. In this paper, we address this question through an investigation of non-access bottlenecks. These are links within carrier ISPs or between neighboring carriers that could potentially constrain the bandwidth available to long-lived TCP flows. Through an extensive measurement study, we discover, classify, and characterize bottleneck links (primarily in the U.S.) in terms of their location, latency, and available capacity.We find that about 50% of the Internet paths explored have a non-access bottleneck with available capacity less than 50 Mbps, many of which limit the performance of well-connected nodes on the Internet today. Surprisingly, the bottlenecks identified are roughly equally split between intra-ISP links and peering links between ISPs. Also, we find that low-latency links, both intra-ISP and peering, have a significant likelihood of constraining available bandwidth. Finally, we discuss the implications of our findings on related issues such as choosing an access provider and optimizing routes through the network. We believe that these results could be valuable in guiding the design of future network services, such as overlay routing, in terms of which links or paths to avoid (and how to avoid them) in order to improve performance.