gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Co-Culture of Tumor Spheroids and Fibroblasts in a Collagen Matrix-Incorporated Microfluidic Chip Mimics Reciprocal Activation in Solid Tumor Microenvironment (2016)

Multicellular 3D culture and interaction with stromal components are considered essential elements in establishing a 'more clinically relevant' tumor model. Matrix-embedded 3D cultures using a microfluidic chip platform can recapitulate the microscale interaction within tumor microenvironments. As a major component of tumor microenvironment, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a role in cancer progression and drug resistance. Here, we present a microfluidic chip-based tumor tissue culture model that integrates 3D tumor spheroids (TSs) with CAF in proximity within a hydrogel scaffold. HT-29 human colorectal carcinoma cells grew into 3D TSs and the growth was stimulated when co-cultured with fibroblasts as shown by 1.5-folds increase of % changes in diameter over 5 days. TS cultured for 6 days showed a reduced expression of Ki-67 along with increased expression of fibronectin when co-cultured with fibroblasts compared to mono-cultured TSs. Fibroblasts were activated under co-culture conditions, as demonstrated by increases in α-SMA expression and migratory activity. When exposed to paclitaxel, a survival advantage was observed in TSs co-cultured with activated fibroblasts. Overall, we demonstrated the reciprocal interaction between TSs and fibroblasts in our 7-channel microfluidic chip. The co-culture of 3D TS-CAF in a collagen matrix-incorporated microfluidic chip may be useful to study the tumor microenvironment and for evaluation of drug screening and evaluation.
Selenium and vitamin E inhibit radiogenic and chemically induced transformation in vitro via different mechanisms. (1986)

Results from in vivo and in vitro studies showing that antioxidants may act as anticarcinogens support the role of active oxygen in carcinogenesis and provide impetus for exploring the functions of dietary antioxidants in cancer prevention by using in vitro models. We examined the single and combined effects of selenium, a component of glutathione peroxidase, and vitamin E, a known antioxidant, on cell transformation induced in C3H/10T-1/2 cells by x-rays, benzo[a]pyrene, or tryptophan pyrolysate and on the levels of cellular scavenging systems and peroxide destruction. Incubation of C3H/10T-1/2 cells with 2.5 microM Na2SeO3 (selenium) or with 7 microM alpha-tocopherol succinate (vitamin E) 24 hr prior to exposure to x-rays or the chemical carcinogens resulted in an inhibition of transformation by each of the antioxidants with an additive-inhibitory action when the two nutrients were combined. Cellular pretreatment with selenium resulted in increased levels of cellular glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and nonprotein thiols (glutathione) and in an enhanced destruction of peroxide. Cells pretreated with vitamin E did not show these biochemical effects, and the combined pretreatment with vitamin E and selenium did not augment the effect of selenium on these parameters. The results support our earlier studies showing that free radical-mediated events play a role in radiation and chemically induced transformation. They indicate that selenium and vitamin E act alone and in additive fashion as radioprotecting and chemopreventing agents. The results further suggest that selenium confers protection in part by inducing or activating cellular free-radical scavenging systems and by enhancing peroxide breakdown while vitamin E appears to confer its protection by an alternate complementary mechanism.
Taupo-Rotorua Depression: an ensialic marginal basin of North Island, New Zealand (1984)

Summary New Zealand lies on the boundary between the Pacific and Indian plates. In the vicinity of North Island, oceanic crust of the Pacific plate is subducted obliquely beneath continental crust of the Indian plate to form the Taupo-Hikurangi arc-trench system. The volcanic component of this system is the Taupo Volcanic Zone which comprises a young (<50,000 yr) andesite-dacite arc, to the west of which is the Taupo-Rotorua Depression, a basin filled with approximately 2 km of low-density volcanics. Most of these volcanics are rhyolitic (total volume > 10,000 km 3 ) and have been erupted in the last 0.6 Ma from the Rotorua, Okataina, Maroa and Taupo Volcanic Centres. Approximately 2 km 3 of high-alumina basalt has also been erupted from the Depression. Normal faults are common in the Taupo-Rotorua Depression and some have been active in historic time when open fissures formed. No strike-slip movement has been recorded. This evidence, together with the presence of basalt dykes, suggests the area is an extensional ensialic marginal basin. A change in orientation of the faults, from 040° at Taupo to 090° at the N end of the Okataina Volcanic Centre, is considered to be a result of dextral strike-slip movement within the North Island Shear Belt superimposed on the extensional tectonics of the marginal basin. The resultant oblique extension would also account for the en échelon basalt dykes in the 1886 Tarawera rift. Crustal thickness in the marginal basin is estimated to be 15 km compared to 30–35 km outside the basin. This may account for the high heat flow recorded (average may be up to 1575 mW m −2 ) and for partial melting of the base of the crust to produce the voluminous rhyolitic volcanics. The high-alumina basalts are considered to be derived from the upper mantle. They form dykes in the crust which in places reach the surface to form a series of vents aligned parallel to the regional fault pattern. The basalts are considered to be intruded and extruded mainly as a response to the extensional tectonics.
System-wide information management for aeronautical communications (2005)

Interactions among airborne and terrestrial elements in an aeronautical environment may be enhanced by using common mechanisms for data transport and information management. These mechanisms can support a variety of applications, such as controller-pilot communications, surveillance, scheduling, traffic management, airline operations and others that vary widely in their respective requirements for security, performance and availability. This work presents an architectural framework for system-wide information management (SWIM), providing common data transport and information management services in an air traffic management environment. Although, the architecture is potentially global in scope, the focus of this work is the national airspace system. The Internet protocol family with common off-the-shelf technology and products can provide the necessary functionality and service characteristics - security, performance and availability - in a realizable and cost-effective manner for SWIM. This paper begins with a description of the SWIM environment before addressing the primary architectural issues and approaches in creating SWIM using common Internet protocol (IP) standards. Among the key aspects addressed are routing, mobility, security, compatibility with legacy onboard aircraft networks, support for varying quality of service (QoS) classes, multicast and information management. A list of acronyms and a reference list follow the presentation.
A comparison of amlodipine, verapamil and placebo in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension. Amlodipine Study Group. (1989)

This is a double blind parallel group comparison in patients with mild-moderate hypertension, of amlodipine, verapamil and placebo. One hundred and sixty patients entered the double blind phase. In the amlodipine group the mean supine and standing systolic pressures at week 12 were respectively lowered from baseline by 11.9 mmHg and 11.3 mmHg more than for the placebo group (P = 0.0001). Diastolic blood pressures were also significantly reduced. With verapamil the mean supine and standing systolic blood pressure at week 12 were reduced by 7.7 mmHg and 8.3 mmHg more on verapamil than on placebo (P = 0.0083). Blood pressures of the amlodipine group were lower 24 hour post-dose than verapamil 12 hours post dose. The responder rates after eight weeks of double blind therapy were amlodipine 72.3%, verapamil 47.8% and placebo 32.6%. Body weight after verapamil increased by mean 0.9 kg, after amlodipine by 0.2 kg and after placebo decreased by 0.2 kg. Six patients were withdrawn because of adverse effects (3 amlodipine, 2 verapamil, 1 placebo). The number of patients with adverse effects possibly related to therapy were 22/53 for amlodipine, 19/54 for verapamil and 14/53 for placebo. Both drugs were, overall, well tolerated, effective and had no unexpected adverse effects.
La propiedad intelectual del guionista (2012)

The legal nature of the screenplay is studied here. So it is the Spanish legal system of economic and moral rights of authors considering the screenplayer an author, according to the Intellectual Property Law in force. Some legal presumptions give place to legal duties on the scriptwriter. In other occasions, laws in force do recognize unexpected rights in favor of the screenwriter, with a view to promoting alternative uses of the screenplay.
Generation and Characterization of Aerosols and Vapors for Inhalation Experiments (1976)

Control of aerosol and vapor characteristics that affect the toxicity of inhaled contaminants often determines the methods of generating exposure atmospheres. Generation methods for aerosols and vapors are presented. The characteristics of the resulting exposure atmosphere and the limitations of the various generation methods are discussed. Methods and instruments for measuring the airborne contaminant with respect to various charcteristics are also described.
The Role of the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in the Development of Basal Cell Carcinoma and Opportunities for Treatment (2010)

The hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway plays an important role in embryogenesis across multiple species. Its activity is reduced or absent in adult organisms. However, activation of the pathway has been shown to be a factor in the development of a number of human malignancies and inhibition of the pathway is being investigated as a potential treatment for multiple cancers. The most extensively investigated and best characterized is basal cell carcinoma (BCC), which occurs in both an inherited form (basal cell nevus syndrome or Gorlin's syndrome) and a sporadic form. Sporadic BCCs are the most common human malignancy. There is recent data available on the use of a small molecule inhibitor of the pathway in BCC.
Sensor-based system for rapid and sensitive measurement of contaminating DNA and other analytes in biopharmaceutical development and manufacturing. (1991)

The Threshold System provides for rapid and highly sensitive measurements of a variety of analytes at low concentration. The operating principles of the measurement system, including signal detection utilizing a proprietary silicon sensor, are described. The first application to run on the Threshold System is a quantitative assay for picogram levels of total DNA. This assay is of great value for monitoring levels of contaminating DNA in purified and in-process biopharmaceuticals. After sample pretreatment, the total assay time is less than two hours. The assay performance characteristics are described, along with data demonstrating sensitivity, precision, and accuracy. Pretreatment procedures for biopharmaceutical proteins are discussed. Two additional applications on Threshold are introduced. First, a universal ligand-binding assay system provides quantitative measurement of antigens or antibodies, in a variety of biological media, with speed, sensitivity, and precision. Second, preliminary results of rapid DNA-probe measurements on Threshold are presented.
Building an E-contract management system using Google Docs (2011)

This paper introduces a way for approaching electronic contracts management involving two parties. Contract monitoring automation is achieved by giving legal clauses a formal representation. Inspired from the file system properties, a mechanism for dynamic reorganization of contracts on Google Docs is proposed.
Undetectable fault removal of sequential circuits based on unreachable states (2002)

We present a procedure to reduce sequential circuits by removing undetectable faults based on unreachable states. Procedures for obtaining unreachable stares and for identifying undetectable faults which can be the target of fault removal are presented. Experimental results for ISCAS benchmark circuits are shown.
Fixation of Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphyses with Unthreaded 2-mm Wires (1996)

Summary Twenty chronic and three acute-on-chronic slipped capital femoral epiphyses (SCFEs) were fixed with unthreaded 2-mm wires. Nineteen hips were fixed with three wires, and four with four wires. Postoperatively, patients bore full weight after 6 weeks. There were no pin penetrations or cases of chondrolysis. No femoral heads grew off the wires. Fifteen hips showed no change in the head-shaft angle postoperatively. Of the remaining eight, two improved their head-shaft angles in the anteroposterior (AP) view (6,7°), and five improved in the lateral view (6-13°, average, 11°). Two hips worsened in the AP view (9,10°), and none in the lateral view.
Next‐Generation, High‐Energy‐Density Redox Flow Batteries (2014)

Abstract Redox flow batteries are experiencing rapid growth for stationary energy‐storage applications. To satisfy the demand for wider applications, however, improved energy density of redox flow batteries is desperately required. Past and present efforts to increase the energy density are briefly surveyed herein and several strategies are explored.
Use of Lasers to Control Selective Chemical Reactions (1973)

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<i>β</i>-sheet secondary structure of the trimeric globular domain of C1q of complement and collagen types VIII and X by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and averaged structure predictions (1994)

C1q plays a key role in the recognition of immune complexes, thereby initiating the classical pathway of complement activation. Although the triple-helix conformation of its N-terminal segment is well established, the secondary structure of the trimeric globular C-terminal domain is as yet unknown. The secondary structures of human C1q and C1q stalks and pepsin-extracted human collagen types I, III and IV (with no significant non-collagen-like structure) were studied by Fourier-transform i.r. spectroscopy in 2H2O buffers. After second-derivative calculation to resolve the fine structure of the broad amide I band, the Fourier-transform i.r. spectrum of C1q showed two major bands, one at 1637 cm-1, which is a characteristic frequency for beta-sheets, and one at 1661 cm-1. Both major bands were also detected for Clq in H2O buffers. Only the second major band was observed at 1655 cm-1 in pepsin-digested C1q which contains primarily the N-terminal triple-helix region. The Fourier-transform i.r. spectra of collagen in 2H2O also showed a major band at 1659 cm-1 (and minor bands at 1632 cm-1 and 1682 cm-1). It is concluded that the C1q globular heads contain primarily beta-sheet structure. The C-terminal domains of C1q show approximately 25% sequence identity with the non-collagen-like C-terminal regions of the short-chain collagen types VIII and X. To complement the Fourier-transform-i.r. spectroscopic data, averaged Robson and Chou-Fasman structure predictions on 15 similar sequences for the globular domains of C1q and collagen types VIII and X were performed. These showed a clear pattern of ten beta-strands interspersed by beta-turns and /or loops. Residues thought to be important for C1q-immune complex interactions with IgG and IgM were predicted to be at a surface-exposed loop. Sequence insertions and deletions, glycosylation sites, the free cysteine residue and RGD recognition sequences were also predicted to be at surface-exposed positions.
A low phase noise and low power series coupled quadrature VCO using reconfigurable LC tank (2008)

To design a multi standard and a multi band transceiver, a quadrature voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), which has a wide tuning range, is essential, while providing low phase noise with low current consumption. In this paper, a dual band quadrature VCO in 0.18 mum CMOS process is presented. To accomplish dual band operation, reconfigurable LC tank is adopted. Series coupling transistors are attached to generate quadrature phase signal with low phase noise and low power consumption. To improve phase noise performance, a current source is eliminated, and a filter inductor at the common source node is added. The measured phase noises of low frequency mode and high frequency mode are -123.8 dBc/Hz and -115.06 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency and FoM of -181.8 dB and -180.5 dB with 6.8 mW power consumption.
The thermal and ion-assisted reactions of GaAs(100) with molecular chlorine (1986)

Reaction of single-crystal GaAs with molecular chlorine was studied with and without simultaneous bombardment by energetic argon ions. The reaction was detected by an in situ mass spectrometer; reflected chlorine and reaction product signals were measured as functions of crystal temperature. A modulated molecular beam of intensity 1×1017 cm−2 s−1 was used for the purely thermal reaction tests. At temperatures greater than 550 K, the monochlorides of Ga and As were observed in equal quantities. At lower temperatures, only the trichlorides were observed. A maximum reaction probability for trichloride production of 0.3 was observed at 450 K. The effect of modulated ion bombardment with a steady Cl2 beam was also examined. The shapes of the waveforms of the desorbed products observed in this experiment suggested that the gallium-chloride-producing reaction was stimulated by ion bombardment. In the absence of ion-assisted desorption, the gallium chloride surface builds up to a saturation coverage of ∼1015 Ga atoms/cm2. This layer prevents reaction of the substrate GaAs with the Cl2 beam. A quantitative model of the ion-assisted reaction was proposed and compared with the data.
O ano do direito público em 2010: Quando a corte constitucional não dá a última palavra (2010)

1. Aspectos gerais. 2. ADC no 16. 3. Revisao de tese. 4. A constitucionalidade e a “inconvencionalidade” da Lei de Anistia (Lei 6.683/1979). 5. A condenacao do Brasil na Corte Interamericana: O caso da Guerrilha do Araguaia. 6. Apontamentos finais. 7. Referencias bibliograficas e jurisprudenciais.
The genetics of psoriasis. (1972)

The genetics of psoriasis has been studied with a questionnaire requesting information on presence or absence of the disease in relatives of 698 probands and 104 controls (spouses of probands). A statistically significant familial concentration of the disease has been demonstrated which, together with twin studies, supports the concept that hereditary factors contribute to the etiology of psoriasis. Pedigree analysis and frequencies of psoriasis among siblings of probands were not consistent with inheritance of genetic differences at a single autosomal or x-linked locus, even with decreased penetrance due to delayed age of onset. These findings plus further analysis suggested that psoriasis is determined by multifactorial inheritance. Estimates of heritability of liability for psoriasis were consistent among parents (64%) and siblings (65%) of probands. Hereditary factors play an important role in the etiology of psoriasis.
Effect of a structurally modified human granulocyte colony stimulating factor, G-CSFa, on leukopenia in mice and monkeys (2011)

G-CSFa, a structurally modified form of G-CSF, is more potent in stimulating proliferation and differentiation of myeloid cells of the granulocytic lineage than the wild-type counterpart both in vitro and in vivo. G-CSFa can be explored for the development of a new generation of recombinant therapeutic drug for leukopenia.
Interaction of Piscidin-1 with zwitterionic versus anionic membranes: a comparative molecular dynamics study (2012)

Plasma membrane of each micro-organism has a unique set of lipid composition as a consequence of the environmental adaptation or a response to exposure to antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as antibiotic agents. Understanding the relationship between lipid composition and action of antimicrobial peptides or considering how different lipid bilayers respond to AMPs may help us design more effective peptide drugs in the future. In this contribution, we intend to elucidate how two currently used membrane models, namely palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphtidylglycerol (POPG) and 1-palmitoyl-oleoyl-glycero-phosphocholine (POPC), respond to antimicrobial peptide Piscidin-1 (Pis-1).The computed density profile of the peptide as it moves from the bulk solvent toward the membrane core suggests that Pis-1 penetrates into the POPG bilayer less than the POPC membrane. Furthermore, we showed that the two model membranes used in this study have different behavior in the presence of Pis-1. Hence, we suggest that membrane composition could be an important factor in determining lytic ability of peptide drugs to kill a unique bacterial species.
Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes Mechanisms and Functions (2000)

Drug-metabolizing enzymes are called mixed-function oxidase or monooxygenase and containing many enzymes including cytochrome P450, cytochrome b5, and NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase and other components. The hepatic cytochrome P450s (Cyp) are a multigene family of enzymes that play a critical role in the metabolism of many drugs and xenobiotics with each cytochrome isozyme responding differently to exogenous chemicals in terms of its induction and inhibition. For example, Cyp 1A1 is particularly active towards polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), activating them into reactive intermediates those covalently bind to DNA, a key event in the initiation of carcinogenesis. Likewise, Cyp 1A2 activates a variety of bladder carcinogens, such as aromatic amines and amides. Also, some forms of cytochrome P450 isozymes such as Cyp 3A and 2E1 activate the naturally occurring carcinogens (e.g. aflatoxin B1) and N-nitrosamines respectively into highly mutagenic and carcinogenic agents. The carcinogenic potency of PAHs, and other carcinogens and the extent of binding of their ultimate metabolites to DNA and proteins are correlated with the induction of cytochrome P450 isozymes. Phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase, aryl sulfatase and UDP-glucuronyl transferase inactivate chemical carcinogens into less toxic or inactive metabolites. Many drugs change the rate of activation or detoxification of carcinogens by changing the activities of phases I and II drug-metabolizing enzymes. The balance of detoxification and activation reactions depends on the chemical structure of the agents, and is subjected to many variables that are a function of this structure, or genetic background, sex, endocrine status, age, diet, and the presence of other chemicals. It is important to realize that the enzymes involved in carcinogen metabolism are also involved in the metabolism of a variety of substrates, and thus the introduction of specific xenobiotics may change the operating level and the existence of other chemicals. The mechanisms of modification of drug-metabolizing enzyme activities and their role in the activation and detoxification of xenobiotics and carcinogens have been discussed in the text.
Bidirectional associative memories (2013)

Bidirectional Associative Memories (BAM) are systems that allow to associate pairs of patterns. Once a memory has learned, patterns can be recalled in two directions. BAMs have many applications in pattern recognition and image processing. The aim of this survey is to present several models of BAM throughout time, since Kosko [1988] proposed the first model; followed by those works based on or inspired by it, trying to improve recall capacity; to some recent one-shot models—such as Morphological BAM and Alpha-Beta BAM—which are of particular interest, given their superior performance.