gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrically Small Loop Antenna Standing on Compact Ground in Wireless Sensor Package (2015)

This letter presents the design and performance of an electrically small loop antenna standing on the compact ground in wireless sensor package. The loop antenna works at 434 MHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band with the size 18 ×18 ×12 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . The performance is simulated complied with measurement. Over 5 MHz of -10-dB impedance bandwidth and more than 22% radiation efficiency in the frequency are achieved. Moreover, one essential step for the electrically small loop antenna measurement is proposed. The small volume makes the proposed miniaturization technique possible for the sensor package, which would have significance for the rapidly increasing Internet of Things (IOT) industry.
Variation in Composition of Dental Enamel Within Thin Ground Tooth Sections (1971)

Recently developed micro-sampling and micro-analytical techniques have been used to determine the distribution of calcium, phosphorus and protein in individual enamel sections. Absolute values for calcium, phosphorus and protein were variable (30–40% calcium, 13–23% phosphorus and 0.002–0.015 mol amino acids/100 µg enamel), but consistent patterns of distribution were revealed in the tissue. The average values for calcium (37.5%), phosphorus (17.5%) and Ca:P ratio (2.1) agreed with those quoted in the literature. The volume of tissue occupied by the mineral and the significance of the composition patterns with respect to enamel formation and caries are discussed.
BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION IN PATIENTS WITH LEUKEMIA (1971)

1National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20014 2The Johns Hoplcins University Baltimore, Maryland 21205
A Hybrid Audio ΔΣ Modulator with dB-Linear Gain Control Function (2011)

A hybrid ΔΣ modulator for audio applications is presented in this paper. The pulse generator for digital-to-analog converter alleviates the requirement of the external clock jitter and calibrates the coefficient variation due to a process shift and temperature changes. The input resistor network in the first integrator offers a gain control function in a dB-linear fashion. Also, careful chopper stabilization implementation using return-to-zero scheme in the first continuous-time integrator minimizes both the influence of flicker noise and inflow noise due to chopping. The chip is implemented in a 0.13 μm CMOS technology (I/O devices) and occupies an active area of 0.37 mm2. The ΔΣ modulator achieves a dynamic range (A-weighted) of 97.8 dB and a peak signal-to-noise-plus-distortion ratio of 90.0 dB over an audio bandwidth of 20 kHz with a 4.4 mW power consumption from 3.3 V. Also, the gain of the modulator is controlled from –9.5 dB to 8.5 dB, and the performance of the modulator is maintained up to 5 nsRMS external clock jitter.
Testing and Diagnosis of Power Switches in SOCs (2006)

The use of power switches in modern system chips (SOCs) is inevitable as they allow for efficient on-chip static power management. Leakage is today one of the main hurdles in low-power applications. Power switches enable power gating functionality, i.e., one or more parts of the SOC can be powered-off during standby mode leading in this way to savings in the overall SOCs power consumption. In this paper, we present a circuit and a method to test power switches. The proposed method allows testing of on/off functionality. In case of segmented power switches individual failing segments can be identified as well by using the proposed test strategy. The method requires only a small number of test patterns that are easy to generate. Furthermore, the proposed method is very scalable with the number of power switches and has a very small area-overhead.
Polarized C-H Groups as Novel Hydrogen-Bond Donors in Hydryl-F-alkyl Esters: Unequivocal Examples of the Pinchas Effect (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolarized C-H Groups as Novel Hydrogen-Bond Donors in Hydryl-F-alkyl Esters: Unequivocal Examples of the Pinchas EffectJames L. Adcock and Huqiu ZhangCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 7, 1999–2002Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00112a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00112a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views346Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Stretchable electronics: functional materials, fabrication strategies and applications (2019)

The primary developing trends in flexible and stretchable electronics involve the innovation of material synthesis, mechanical design, and fabrication strategies that employ soft substrates. The biggest challenge is that the entire electronic system must allow not only bending but also stretching. Therefore, stretchable conductors become a crucial construction unit for the connection of working circuits of various stretchable devices. Owing to the success of stretchable conductors, various stretchable electronic devices are fabricated with the help of multiple manufacturing strategies, including stretchable heaters, stretchable energy conversion and storage devices, stretchable transistors, sensors and artificial skin. The continuous development of stretchable electronics has led to the new functionality of transparency, and the fabrication of transparent stretchable electronic devices has gained a lot of interest due to the potential of wearable electronic systems. This review presents technology developments in the preparation of related materials, fabrication strategies and various applications of stretchable electronics. It focuses on the fundamental structural design, mechanisms, and tactics, as well as on challenges and opportunities in the manufacture of stretchable electronic devices and their various applications.
Frequent Pattern Mining among Weighted and Directed Graphs (2009)

Mining frequent graph patterns has great practical implications, since data in numerous application domains such as biology, sociology, and finance, can be represented as graphs.While a large amount of research has been performed in this area, most of it assumes that the input data is accurate.In many applications, however, the data is noisy, and an edge can only be assumed to exist with a certain probability.This study presents a match model which measures the "expected" occurrences of a pattern in a graph.In addition, many relationships are not symmetric, and directed graphs are necessary to model more complex networks.While weight and directionality are separate, they occur together.Due to the sophisticated nature of the match model, it is necessary to develop a new algorithm (WHIM) to mine patterns in weighted directed graphs.Additionally, a novel canonical form is devised for faster mining of directed graphs.v
Alopecia in women. (2003)

Alopecia can be divided into disorders in which the hair follicle is normal but the cycling of hair growth is abnormal and disorders in which the hair follicle is damaged. Androgenetic alopecia is the most common cause of hair loss in women. Other disorders include alopecia areata, telogen effluvium, cicatricial alopecia, and traumatic alopecias. The diagnosis is usually based on a thorough history and a focused physical examination. In some patients, selected laboratory tests or punch biopsy may be necessary. Topically administered minoxidil is labeled for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in women. Corticosteroids and other agents are typically used in women with alopecia areata. Telogen effluvium is often a self-limited disorder. Because alopecia can be devastating to women, management should include an assessment for psychologic effects.
A 50 MHz vision processor (2002)

A highly integrated microcoded motion video (de)compression digital signal processing chip that can perform 800*10/sup 6/ 16-b multiply, shift, and accumulate operations, 800*10/sup 6/ pixel absolute difference operations or 400*10/sup 6/ 16-b addition-subtraction operations, and 800*10/sup 6/ sum of difference operations in each second is described. The chip has been fabricated in a 1- mu m CMOS technology and has been tested to run at 50 MHz. When coupled with external interface circuitry, the vision processor is suitable for use in many consumer and desktop multimedia applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quality of life and childhood atopic dermatitis: the misery of living with childhood eczema (2006)

The misery of living with atopic eczema (syn. dermatitis, AD) cannot be overstated for it may have a profoundly negative effect on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of children and their family unit in many cases. As it is one of the commonest chronic relapsing childhood dermatosis (UK lifetime prevalence 16-20% by 20 years), with increasing worldwide prevalence, this has major social and financial implications for individuals, healthcare providers and society as a whole. This review explores the impact of AD on the lives of children and their family units and the use of some of the recently developed HRQoL measures, which have enabled investigation and categorisation of the physical, psychological and psycho-social effects of childhood eczema across all aspects of life. These effects include symptoms of itching and soreness, which cause sleeplessness in over 60%. Sleep deprivation leads to tiredness, mood changes and impaired psychosocial functioning of the child and family, particularly at school and work. Embarrassment, comments, teasing and bullying frequently cause social isolation and may lead to depression or school avoidance. The child's lifestyle is often limited, particularly in respect to clothing, holidays, staying with friends, owning pets, swimming or the ability to play or do sports. Restriction of normal family life, difficulties with complicated treatment regimes and increased work in caring for a child with eczema lead to parental exhaustion and feelings of hopelessness, guilt, anger and depression. The hidden costs involved in eczema management can be significant and have particular impact on lower income families. The impairment of quality of life caused by childhood eczema has been shown to be greater than or equal to other common childhood diseases such as asthma and diabetes, emphasising the importance of eczema as a major chronic childhood disease. HRQoL measures are proving to be valuable tools for use in the clinical setting, as outcome measures for pharmaceutical studies, for health economics and audit purposes. It is therefore recommended that in future, they should be used in conjunction with objective measures of severity, as part of the assessment process of a child with atopic eczema. Lack of information on eczema and treatments heightens parental anxiety. Education of all individuals involved in the care of children with eczema is fundamental in the management of AD and it is essential to provide simple clear, unambiguous information on treatment and disease management in order to reduce the negative impact on HRQoL.
An approach for detecting prosodic phrase boundaries in spoken english (2007)

Prosodic phrasing is the means by which speakers of any given language break up an utterance into meaningful chunks. The term "prosody" itself refers to the tune or intonation of an utterance, and therefore prosodic phrases literally signal the end of one tune and the beginning of another. This study uses phrase break annotations in the Aix-MARSEC corpus of spoken English as a "gold standard" for measuring the degree of correspondence between prosodic phrases and the discrete syntactic grouping of prepositional phrases, where the latter is defined via a chunk parsing rule using nltk_lite's regular expression chunk parser. A three-way comparison is also introduced between the "gold standard" chunk parsing rule and human judgment in the form of intuitive predictions about phrasing. Results show that even with a discrete syntactic grouping and a small sample of text, problems may arise for this rule-based method due to uncategorical behavior in parts of speech. Lack of correspondence between intuitive prosodic phrases and corpus annotations highlights the optional nature of certain boundary types. Finally, there are clear indications, supported by corpus annotations, that significant prosodic phrase boundaries occur within sentences and not just at full stops.
A Dual-Band Dipole Antenna With Integrated-Balun (2009)

The design and realization of a dual-band balun-integrated dipole antenna is presented. A new type of dual-band balun is introduced as the feeding network, providing antiphase input signals for the dual-band dipole antenna. The dual-band balun is realized by the aid of a stepped-impedance transformer and tapped open-ended stubs. Combined with this balun, a uni-planar dual-band dipole antenna is designed. An experimental prototype working at 2.45/5.25 GHz are fabricated and measured. The measured performances of the antenna show good return loss and radiation patterns at the two working frequencies, proving the dual-band operation of the proposed dipole antenna.
Near-infrared fluorescence amplified organic nanoparticles with aggregation-induced emission characteristics for in vivo imaging (2013)

Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence signals are highly desirable to achieve high resolution in biological imaging. To obtain NIR emission with high brightness, fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized by co-encapsulation of 2,3-bis(4-(phenyl(4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)phenylamino)phenyl)fumaronitrile (TPETPAFN), a luminogen with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics, and a NIR fluorogen of silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(trihexylsilyloxide) (NIR775) using 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] as the encapsulation matrix. The good spectral overlap between the emission of TPETPAFN and the absorption of NIR775 leads to efficient energy transfer, resulting in a 47-fold enhancement of the NIR775 emission intensity upon excitation of TPETPAFN at 510 nm as compared to that upon direct excitation of NIR775 at 760 nm. The obtained fluorescent NPs show sharp NIR emission with a band width of 20 nm, a large Stokes shift of 275 nm, good photostability and low cytotoxicity. In vivo imaging study reveals that the synthesized NPs are able to provide high fluorescence contrast in live animals. The Förster resonance energy transfer strategy overcomes the intrinsic limitation of broad emission spectra for AIE NPs, which opens new opportunities to synthesize organic NPs with high brightness and narrow emission for potential applications in multiplex sensing and imaging.
Quantum random number generators and their applications in cryptography (2012)

Random number generators (RNG) are an important resource in many areas: cryptography (both quantum and classical), probabilistic computation (Monte Carlo methods), numerical simulations, industrial testing and labeling, hazard games, scientific research etc. Because today's computers are deterministic, they can not create random numbers unless complemented with a physical RNG. Randomness of a RNG can be defined and scientifically characterized and measured. Especially valuable is the information-theoretic provable RNG which, at state of the art, seem to be possible only by harvest of randomness inherent to certain (simple) quantum systems and such a generator we call Quantum RNG (QRNG). On the other hand, current industry standards dictate use of RNGs based on free running oscillators (FRO) whose randomness is derived from electronics noise present in logic circuits and which, although quantum in nature, cannot be strictly proven. This approach is currently used in FPGA and ASIC chips. We compare weak and strong aspects of the two approaches for use in cryptography and in general. We also give an alternative definition of randomness, discuss usage of single photon detectors in realization of QRNGs and give several examples where QRNG can significantly improve security of a cryptographic system.
Catching Characters Emotions: Emotional Contagion Responses to Narrative Fiction Film (2006)

In this paper, I examine the role of emotional contagion in our affective engagement with narrative fiction film, focusing in particular on how spectator responses based on emotional contagion differ from those based on more sophisticated emotional processes. I begin by explaining emotional contagion and the processes involved in it. Next, I consider how film elicits emotional contagion. I then argue that emotional contagion responses are unique and should be clearly distinguished from responses based on other emotional processes, such as empathy. Finally, I explain why contagion responses are a significant feature of spectators engagement with narrative fiction film.
Is Cancer Protective for Subsequent Alzheimer’s Disease Risk? Evidence From the Utah Population Database (2016)

Careful consideration of model specification and the profound effects of mortality selection in the older adult population is essential when investigating the relationship between aging-related diseases such as cancer and AD. We show that cancer does not provide protection from AD as previously described in the literature. Social scientists seeking to understand social disparities in disease outcomes among older adults may therefore want to strongly consider the role of mortality selection which, if uncorrected, may generate biased associations.
Internal and External Defects Discrimination of Pipelines Using Composite Magnetic Flux Leakage Detection (2021)

Leakage failure risks of oil and natural gas pipelines caused by internal and external defects are different. In the magnetic flux leakage (MFL) detection, different quantification algorithms for internal and external defects are required to obtain more accurate defect quantification. However, MFL detection can not distinguish internal and external defects well. To address this problem, this paper proposed an eccentric magnetic circuit branch structure suitable for MFL detection. Based on the magnetic circuit branch structure, this paper developed a magnetic concentrating testing (MCT) method to identify internal defects. Moreover, this paper put forward a magnetic circuit isomagnetic potential point method to pinpoint the optimal MFL sensor point. Combining MFL and MCT detection, this paper presented a composite MFL detection method to discriminate between internal and external defects in the pipelines. The results of the simulation demonstrated the effectiveness of the composite MFL detection method.
Importance of Interatomic Spacing in Catalytic Reduction of Oxygen in Phosphoric Acid (1983)

A correlation between the nearest-neighbor distance and the oxygen reduction activity of various platinum alloys is reported. It is proposed that the distance between nearest-neighbor Pt atoms on the surface of a supported catalyst is not ideal for dual site absorption of O2 or 'HO2' and that the introduction of foreign atoms which reduce the Pt nearest-neighbor spacing would result in higher oxygen reduction activity. This may allow the critical 0-0 bond interatomic distance and hence the optimum Pt-Pt separation for bond rupture to be determined from quantum chemical calculations. A composite analysis shows that the data on supported Pt alloys are consistent with Appleby's (1970) data on bulk metals with respect to specific activity, activation energy, preexponential factor, and percent d-band character.
Multi-objective optimization with an evolutionary artificial neural network for financial forecasting (2009)

In this paper, we attempt to make accurate predictions of the movement of the stock market with the aid of an evolutionary artificial neural network (EANN). To facilitate this objective we constructed an EANN for multi-objective optimization (MOO) that was trained with macro-economic data and its effect on market performance. Experiments were conducted with EANNs that updated connection weights through genetic operators (crossover and mutation) and/or with the aid of back-propagation. The results showed that the optimal performance was achieved under natural complexification of the EANN and that back-propagation tended to over fit the data. The results also suggested that EANNs trained with multi-objectives were more robust than that of a single optimization approach. The MOO approach produced superior investment returns during training and testing over a single objective optimization (SOO).
Oxygen tension under a contact lens. (1979)

Corneal thickness changes were measured on human subjects who wore gel lenses that varied in center thickness. Using these measurements and the results of an earlier study in which changes in corneal thickness were monitored on human corneas exposed to oxygen tensions below that in air, we showed that the oxygen tension under most contact lenses varies from 0 to 25 mm Hg which produces a corresponding oxygen flux into the cornea of 0 to 6 microliter cm2 hr. A critical oxygen tension and flux under the lens was found to be 10 mm Hg and 2 microliter cm2 hr, respectively, below which corneal swelling occurs. To maintain these critical levels of tension and flux, the minimum oxygen transmissibility of a stationary lens on the cornea was determined to be 5 X 10(-9) and 15 X 10(-9) (cm X ml O2)/(sec X ml X mm Hg) for the open and closed eye conditions, respectively.