gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of ζ‐potential, charge, and number of organic ligands on the surface of water soluble quantum dots by capillary electrophoresis (2014)

The number of charges and/or organic ligands covalently attached to the surface of CdTe quantum dot nanoparticles has been determined from their electrophoretic mobilities measured in capillaries filled with free electrolyte buffers. Three sizes of water soluble CdTe quantum dots with 3-mercaptopropionic and thioglycolic acids as surface ligands were prepared. Their electrophoretic mobilities in different pH and ionic strength values of separation buffers were measured by capillary electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence detection. The ζ-potentials determined from electrophoretic mobilities using analytical solution of Henry function proposed by Ohshima were in the range from -30 to -100 mV. Charges of QDs were calculated from ζ-potentials. As a result, numbers of organic ligands bonded to QDs surface were determined to be 13, 14, and 15 for the sizes of 3.1, 3.5, and 3.9 nm, respectively. The dissociation constants of organic ligands bonded on QDs surfaces estimated from the dependence of QDs charge on pH of the separation buffer were 7.8 and 7.9 for 3-mercaptopropionic acid and 6.9 for thioglycolic acid.
Comparative genetic screens in human cells reveal new regulatory mechanisms in WNT signaling (2016)

The comprehensive understanding of cellular signaling pathways remains a challenge due to multiple layers of regulation that may become evident only when the pathway is probed at different levels or critical nodes are eliminated. To discover regulatory mechanisms in canonical WNT signaling, we conducted a systematic forward genetic analysis through reporter-based screens in haploid human cells. Comparison of screens for negative, attenuating and positive regulators of WNT signaling, mediators of R-spondin-dependent signaling and suppressors of constitutive signaling induced by loss of the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli or casein kinase 1α uncovered new regulatory features at most levels of the pathway. These include a requirement for the transcription factor AP-4, a role for the DAX domain of AXIN2 in controlling β-catenin transcriptional activity, a contribution of glycophosphatidylinositol anchor biosynthesis and glypicans to R-spondin-potentiated WNT signaling, and two different mechanisms that regulate signaling when distinct components of the β-catenin destruction complex are lost. The conceptual and methodological framework we describe should enable the comprehensive understanding of other signaling systems.
An hypothesis-driven vision system (1975)

This paper presents a small vision system created to study Minsky's theory of Frame Systems It is organized around a detailed semantic hypothetical model of the scene, which is capable of being structurally altered and adjusted to fit the visual data. Visual data is gathered through a window, whose position is controlled by suggestions which arise from uncertain parameters of the hypothetical model.
Optimally Staggered Finned Circular and Elliptic Tubes in Turbulent Forced Convection (2006)

This work presents an experimental geometric optimization study to maximize the total heat transfer rate between a bundle of finned tubes in a given volume and a given external flow both for circular and elliptic arrangements, for general staggered configurations. The results are reported for air as the external fluid, in the range 2650⩽Re2b⩽10,600, where 2b is the smaller ellipse axis. Experimental optimization results for finned circular and elliptic tubes arrangements are presented. A relative heat transfer gain of up to 80% (Re2b=10,600) is observed in the elliptic arrangement optimized with respect to tube-to-tube spacings, as compared to the optimal circular one. A relative heat transfer gain of 80% is observed in the three-way optimized elliptic arrangement in comparison with the two-way optimized circular one; i.e., with respect to tube-to-tube and fin-to-fin spacings. An empirical correlation for the three-way optimized configuration was obtained to evaluate the resulting maximized dimensionless heat transfer rate.
Primary sequence of the 5′ flanking regions of the Drosophila heat shock genes in chromosome subdivision 67B (1981)

The 5' flanking regions of the four small heat shock genes of Drosophila melanogaster from cytological locus 67B have been characterized. Approximately 500 bp of the primary sequence upstream from the proposed site of initiation of translation has been determined and the 5' end of the messenger RNAs have been localized for each gene. Each of the four genes contains an A-T rich sequence, either TATAAATA or TATAAAAG, which is flanked by a G-C rich region. This A-T rich sequence, which ends about 23 bp upstream from the proposed site of initiation of transcription, is similar to those found in most eukaryotic genes. Novel features of these four genes include a region of homology beginning near the proposed site of initiation of transcription and extending about 20 bp into the 5' noncoding region of the genes. This sequence is also found in the gene for the major heat shock protein, hsp 70. The leaders of these five heat shock genes are long, from 111 to 253 bases in length, as well as unusually A rich, from 46% to 51% A. In addition, each of the four small genes contains the sequence ACTTTNA, 195 +/- 12 bp from the proposed site of initiation of transcription.
Nonlinear equalization of microwave photonic links (2016)

High dynamic range is a key requirement in advanced microwave photonic systems. We demonstrate compensation of nonlinearities occurring in microwave photonic links using a novel digital nonlinear equalization technique and demonstrate suppression of distortion products by 33 dB with a small number of equalizer coefficients.
Facile Cycling of Ti-Doped LiAlH<sub>4</sub> for High Performance Hydrogen Storage (2009)

LiH and Ti-doped Al react quantitatively with H(2) in Me(2)O solution to form LiAlH(4) under mild conditions. The solvent is easily vented along with excess H(2) on completion, leaving dry Ti-doped LiAlH(4); this releases approximately 7 wt % H(2) commencing at 80 degrees C with excellent kinetics.
Role of chilling in the acquisition of cold tolerance and the capacitation to express stress proteins in diapausing pharate larvae of the gypsy moth, <i>Lymantria dispar</i> (1992)

Abstract Cold hardiness in eggs (pharate first instar larvae) of the gypsy moth is not a component of the diapause program, but is acquired only after the pharate larvae have been chilled. The supercooling points of unchilled (25°C) and chilled (5°C) eggs are nearly the same (ca. −27°C), and chilling does not further elevate concentrations of glycerol, the major cryoprotectant, yet chilling at 5°C greatly increases the pharate larva's tolerance of −20°C. One conspicuous difference between the chilled and unchilled pharate larvae is their ability to express stress proteins. The most abundantly expressed stress protein, 75,000 M r , was expressed more highly in chilled pharate larvae than in unchilled pharate larvae, both at high temperatures (> 40°C) and in response to low temperature (−15°C). This correlation suggests a link between stress protein synthesis and the acquisition of cold tolerance. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamic- and post-stall characteristics of pitching airfoils at extreme conditions (2017)

Post-stall flow structure and surface pressures are evaluated to determine the effects of large angles of attack, perching like manoeuvres on the flow about a NACA 0021 airfoil exposed to dynamic stall. Phase-averaged particle image velocimetry was performed to assess the load development during the constant angular velocity pitch-up motion and in post-stall conditions. Evaluation of the resultant aerodynamic loads indicates that initial airfoil rotation generates significant delays in force response. Furthermore, the reduced frequency is shown to influence the angle of attack at which deep stall is initiated, to the extent that fully separated flows are delayed to an angle of attack of 60°. Vortex structures are linked to lower surface pressures with increased angle of attack and also for post-stall flow conditions. Likewise, the presence of the vortex structures shifts the centre of pressure significantly along the airfoil chordline immediately after cessation of the airfoil rotation. At the maximum angle of attack, the centre of pressure is shown to move aft for fully separated flow conditions. The variation in location of the centre of pressure, not only changes the moment generation and aero-elastic characteristics of the airfoil, but also increases structural torsional loading and fluctuations that result in increased fatigue of helicopter rotor shafts and horizontal-axis wind turbines.
Hardware implementation of the optimized transform and quantization blocks of H.264 (2004)

H.264 also known as MPEG-4 part 10 or JVT, is a new video coding standard that is extremely efficient and is poised to appear in the next generation of HD-DVD players and recorders. This paper presents one of the first hardware architectures of the transform and quantization blocks, which are incorporated into a software/hardware system implemented on a Virtex II Pro FPGA. This implementation focuses on eliminating drift effects, multiply free and low gain transform, and reducing memory bandwidth. A large system on a programmable chip was developed. It uses a Power PC (PPC) to run a software program to optionally perform DCT and quantization in both the software and hardware. This paper presents DCT and quantization blocks that can process about 1500 Mpixel/s, and a system that can process about 0.8 Mpixel/s.
Gain-coupled distributed feedback semiconductor lasers with an absorptive conduction-type inverted grating (1992)

A gain-coupled (GC) distributed feedback (DFB) semiconductor laser with an absorptive conduction-type-inverted grating is proposed. Devices based on GaAlAs/GaAs materials are fabricated using two-step OMVPE. By inverting the conduction type of the absorptive region, threshold current is lowered by 10 mA, which is to compensate for the threshold increase due to extra absorption. In addition, nonlinear output property associated with the saturable nature of the absorption is eliminated. An ultralow chirping capability under gain switching high speed modulation and the narrow linewidth nature of this laser are experimentally studied.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The expansion wave concept. II. A new way to model mutual coupling in microstrip arrays (1998)

For pt.I see ibid., vol.46, no.3, p.397-406 (1998). A new expansion scheme is introduced to solve the integral equations describing the mutual coupling in microstrip arrays. The scheme is based on the fact that at larger distances the Green's functions in the stratified dielectric medium of the antenna structure can be approximated using analytical expressions. This allows one to describe the waves propagating between the elements thus causing mutual coupling with a small number of parameters. Since only these parameters have to be determined, the resulting number of unknowns is much smaller than with conventional rigorous techniques. The accuracy of the scheme is illustrated by a comparison of measured and calculated data for both a two-element and a linear eight-element microstrip array antenna.
Incorporating hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis measures into preventive interventions for adolescent depression: Are we there yet? (2008)

Altered functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a robust correlate of major depression in adults, and to a lesser extent, in adolescents. Premorbid differences in HPA axis function have been found to prospectively predict the onset of adolescent depression. To what extent might our knowledge of HPA axis function in adolescents with, or at risk for, depression, help guide efforts to prevent depression in this age group? We review evidence regarding the role of the HPA axis in the development of adolescent depression, and examine whether and which HPA axis measures might be useful in guiding prevention efforts as (a) as a criterion by which to select youth at risk for depression, (b) as a predictor of which youth will be most responsive to prevention efforts, and (c) as an indicator of whether prevention/intervention efforts are working. We conclude that our current understanding of the HPA axis, and its measurement, in adolescent depression are not sufficiently precise to be of immediate practical use in improving prevention efforts. Incorporating HPA axis measures into prevention studies, however, would be immensely useful in clarifying the role of the HPA axis in adolescent depression, such that future prevention efforts might more confidently rely on HPA axis information.
UnderstandingtheDecisionsandValuesofStakeholdersinHealth InformationExchanges:ExperiencesFromMassachusetts (2009)

Objectives. We studied how health information exchange systems are established by examining the decisions (and thus, indirectly, the values) of key stakeholders (health care providers) participating in a health information exchange pilot project in 3 Massachusetts communities. Our aim was to understand how these kinds of information exchanges can be made viable. Methods. We used semistructured interviews to assess health care providers’ decision-making processes in selecting technical architectures and vendors for the pilot projects to uncover their needs, expectations, and motivations. Results. Our interviews indicated that, after extensive evaluations, health care providers in all 3 communities eventually selected a hybrid architecture that included a central data repository. However, the reasons for selecting this architecture varied considerably among the 3 communities, reflecting their particular values. Plans to create a community patient portal also differed across communities.
THE APPLICATION OF GAS-CERAMIC MIXTURES TO NUCLEAR POWER (1955)

and hot gas duct size were optimized to give minimum weight per shaft horsepower of the complete power plant. The weight of a split flow power plant capable of supplying 22,000 shaft horsepower was found to be 116,600 pounds. The weight of a similar through flow power plant was found to be 119,900 pounds. The reactor power required in both cases was 70 megawatts. The nominal gross weight of the R3Y airplane is 175,000 pounds. With pay loads of approximately 20,000 pounds, either nuclear conversion will have a gross weight of 200,000 pounds. It was found that either cycle could be installed in the R3Y aircraft; however, the installation of either would require major structural redesign. The split flow cycle with its smaller hot air ducts required the least amount of redesign. A comparison of existing aircraft engines with a preliminary design of the split flow turbo-components indicated that the compressor and possibly the free turbine could be adapted from current engine components.
Modeling and sensitivity analysis of circuit parameters for flip-chip interconnects using neural networks (2005)

This paper presents a neural network-based technique for modeling and analyzing the electrical performance of flip-chip transitions. A lumped element model using a simple pi equivalent circuit is used to characterize the electrical properties of the flip-chip bond. Statistical experimental design is used to extract the electrical parameters for flip-chip characterization from measurements and full-wave simulations up to 35 GHz. The extracted data is used to train back-propagation neural networks to obtain an accurate model of the pi equivalent circuit components and s-parameters as a function of layout parameters. The prediction error of the models is less than 5%. The models are used to obtain response surfaces for the entire range of variation of layout parameters. The neural network models are subsequently used to perform sensitivity analysis. All electrical parameters are shown to be sensitive to conductor overlap. The inductance and capacitance of the pi equivalent circuit are sensitive to the bump height. However, the return loss (S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> ) is insensitive to the change in bump height. The coplanar waveguide width has a significant impact on the s-parameters, as it affects the matching of flip-chip transitions
ChemInform Abstract: EINIGE PHOTORK. DES 9‐BROM‐PHENANTHRENS (1971)

Abstract Aus 9‐Brom‐phenanthren (II) entsteht unter der Einwirkung von Hg‐Licht in entgastem Hexan (Reaktionsdauer 48 Std.) das Brombiphenanthryl (I) (Ausbeute 12%).
An experimental study of forward and backward scattering of acoustic waves from a thin bubble layer (2006)

Forward and backward scattering of acoustic signals from a thin chaotic bubble screen is studied experimentally. The concentration of inhomogeneities in the bubble layer is estimated by an acoustic method, and the presence of collective scattering effects is revealed. The transverse correlation radius of the scattered field amplitude is determined, and its value is used to estimate the correlation scales of inhomogeneities in the bubble layer.
Hyaluronate-Inactive Spreading Factor of Murine Endometrial Secretions (Uterone). (1958)

A spreading factor is contained in uterone which may be classified as a hyaluronate-inactive spreading factor exerting its effect through inflammation and edema. The nature of the component of uterone responsible for provoking inflammation remains to be determined and may well be a mucoprotein.
Evaluation of Chemotherapy Response in VX2 Rabbit Lung Cancer with<sup>18</sup>F-Labeled C2A Domain of Synaptotagmin I (2011)

(18)F-C2A-GST was easily synthesized by conjugation with (18)F-SFB and manifested a favorable biodistribution. Our results demonstrated the feasibility of (18)F-C2A-GST for the early detection of apoptosis after chemotherapy in a VX2 lung cancer model that could imitate the human lung cancer initiation, development, and progress.
RE-COMMISSIONING OF THE FAR-INFRARED FREE ELECTRON LASER FOR STABLE AND HIGH POWER OPERATION AFTER THE RENEWAL OF THE L-BAND LINAC AT ISIR, OSAKA UNIVERSITY (2007)

The far-infrared FEL at the Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, which was operated in the wavelength region from 32 to 150 µm and was suspended since 1998, is being commissioned for stable and high power operation. The FEL is based on the L-band electron linac constructed in 1978, but it was largely remodelled for higher stability and reproducibility of operation as well as for long pulse operation for FEL. The long pulse mode has been successfully commissioned using a feed forward control system, which can stabilize the amplitude and the phase of the 1.3 GHz RF power in the macropulse within 0.5 % in amplitude and 0.3o in phase. The FEL system is the same as before except for the strong focusing wiggler based on the edge-focussing scheme, which was recently introduced. The FEL experiment is all set up and we are waiting for the next machine time and lasing.
Mobility of Surfactants in and between Adsorbed Monolayers (1997)

Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the lateral interdiffusion of ionic surfactants in adsorbed monolayers and their exchange between two contacting monolayers were measured under varying conditions of temperature and humidity. Measured interdiffusion coefficients at 25 °C were of order (1−10) × 10-9 cm2/s, and exchange half-times were of order 1 h (even longer for totally dry conditions). These low diffusion and exchange rates result from the complex rate-limiting interdependence of different migrating surfactant molecules and their counterions. The rate-limiting factors to both diffusion and exchange were found to be (1) steric constraints, i.e., the need to conserve the packing density or average molecular area when molecules move or exchange positions, (2) electroneutrality constraints, i.e., the need to maintain local electroneutrality at all places at all times, (3) confinement constraints in trapped monolayers, i.e., mild (low pressure) compressive confinement seems to have only a small effect on diffusion rates, and (4) temperature and humidity, i.e., higher temperatures and humidity generally increase both the diffusion and exchange rates.
Belief Propagation Based Multi--User Detection (2005)

We apply belief propagation (BP) to multi--user detection in a spread spectrum system, under the assumption of Gaussian symbols. We prove that BP is both convergent and allows to estimate the correct conditional expectation of the input symbols. It is therefore an optimal --minimum mean square error-- detection algorithm. This suggests the possibility of designing BP detection algorithms for more general systems. As a byproduct we rederive the Tse-Hanly formula for minimum mean square error without any recourse to random matrix theory.
Molecular Imaging with Quantum Dots Probing EMT and Prostate Cancer Metastasis in Live Animals (2006)

Abstract : Despite the development of various animal and tissue culture models for the study of human prostate cancer growth and metastasis, there is no non-invasive model that provides real-time information on the behavior of prostate cancer cells in the prostate or at distant sites. The goal of this application is to devise a highly sensitive and specific nanotechnology- based molecular imaging technique to detect prostate cancer growth locally and at distant sites and observe the interaction between prostate cancer cells and their local microenvironment during their acquisition of migratory, invasive and metastatic capabilities. This technique was made possible by a close collaboration between Chung/Zhau, who have extensive experience in the development of human prostate cancer metastatic models, and Nie, a biomedical engineer who devised an ultrasensitive and specific nanotechnology quantum dot (QD) bioconjugate that can image cancer cells in live animals at a sensitivity close to the single cell level. This collaborative interaction between Chung/Zhau/Nie could significantly improve our ability to diagnose, prognose and treat human prostate cancer, first in experimental models and later in the clinic. We have proposed three highly interactive aims that allow the PIs and trainees to interact during the development of this highly innovative technology.
Synthesis of Submicrometer‐Sized Electrochemically Active Lithium Cobalt Oxide via a Polymer Precursor. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Comparison of PCR-Ribotyping, Arbitrarily Primed PCR, and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis for Typing <i>Clostridium difficile</i> (2000)

Clostridium difficile is now recognized as the major agent responsible for nosocomial diarrhea in adults. Among the genotyping methods available, arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR), PCR-ribotyping, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) have been widely used for investigating outbreaks of C. difficile infections. However, the comparative typing ability, reproducibility, discriminatory power, and efficiency of these methods have not been fully investigated. We compared the results of three methods-AP-PCR with three different primers (AP3, AP4, and AP5), PCR-ribotyping, and PFGE (with SmaI endonuclease)-to differentiate 99 strains of C. difficile that had been previously serogrouped. Typing abilities were 100% for PCR-ribotyping and AP-PCR with AP3 and 90% for PFGE, due to early DNA degradation in strains from serogroup G. Reproducibilities were 100% for PCR-ribotyping and PFGE but only 88% for AP-PCR with AP3, 67% for AP-PCR with AP4, and 33% for AP-PCR with AP5. Discriminatory power for unrelated strains was >0.95 for all the methods but was lower for PCR-ribotyping among serogroups D and C. PCR-based methods were easier and quicker to perform, but their fingerprints were more difficult to interpret than those of PFGE. We conclude that PCR-ribotyping offers the best combination of advantages as an initial typing tool for C. difficile.