gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on the V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>–TiO<sub>2</sub>system. Part 2.—TiO<sub>2</sub>(anatase)–V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> (1990)

Mechanical mixtures of separately prepared V2O5, V6O13 and anatase have been used as catalysts in the dehydration of N-ethylformamide (NEF) in the presence of oxygen. Catalytic activity was measured as a function of the gas hourly space velocity (GHSV), the oxygen-to-N-ethylformamide ratio (O/N), the temperature, the V2O5 and V6O13 contents and the surface area of V2O5. The characterization was carried out using B.E.T. surface analysis, XRD and XPS techniques.It was concluded that there exists a cooperation between V2O5 and anatase, which brings about the stabilization of V6O13 by the anatase. V6O13 is the most selective phase in NEF dehydration. The calcination of V2O5–anatase mechanical mixtures results in (i) an increase of the V2O5 dispersion over the anatase surface, which brings about an increase of the selective product (propiononitrile), and (ii) partial anatase-into-rutile transformation, resulting in a decay of the catalytic properties. Under appropriate reaction conditions (temperature, O/N ratio) the anatase-into-rutile transformation does not take place.
CD4+CD8- T cells are the effector cells in disease pathogenesis in the scurfy ( <i>sf</i> ) mouse. (1994)

Mice hemizygous for the X-linked mutation, scurfy (sf), exhibit a fatal lymphoreticular disease that is mediated by T lymphocytes. To evaluate the respective roles of CD4 or CD8 single positive T cells in scurfy disease, neonates were treated with mAbs directed against the CD4 or CD8 molecules. Whereas mice treated with an anti-CD8 Ab developed lesions and succumbed to disease at the same time (17 days) as their untreated scurfy littermates, mice treated with an anti-CD4 Ab lived up to 11 wk before developing scurfy disease. To insure a more complete elimination of the T cell subsets, the scurfy mutation was bred onto beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m)-deficient (CD8-less) and CD4-deficient transgenic mouse lines. Whereas there was little moderation of disease in beta 2m-deficient scurfy mice, CD4-deficient scurfy mice had markedly decreased scurfy lesions and a prolonged life span, similar to that of anti-CD4-treated sf/Y mice. Additionally, scurfy disease was transplanted into H-2-compatible nude mice through the adoptive transfer of CD4+CD8- T cells, but not CD4-CD8+ T cells. Flow-cytometric analysis revealed that sf/Y mice have an increased percentage of activated CD4+ T cells in their lymph nodes. In addition, there is an increase in the in vitro production of cytokines in the cultured splenocytes of CD8-less, but not CD4-less, scurfy mice. These data suggest that CD4+ T cells are critical mediators of disease in the scurfy mouse.
73 ABNORMAL REPROGRAMMING OF HISTONE ACETYLATION IN CLONED BOVINE EMBRYOS (2004)

Histone acetylation plays an important role in the chromatin structure prior to zygotic gene expression during early embryonic development. Successful animal clones indicate that differentiated somatic nuclei must be reprogrammed to some extent during pre-implantation development. However, the molecular mechanisms regarding epigenetic reprogramming of somatic nuclei in the early-stage embryos are poorly understood. To test this, the patterns of hyperacetylated histone H4 lysine 5 (AcH4K5) in the nuclear-transferred (NT) embryos were monitored, comparing in vitro fertilized (IVF) embryos and Trichostatin A (TSA)-NT embryos with TSA-treated cells. The intensity signals of AcH4K5 were observed in early-stage embryos and somatic cells (bovine ear skin fibroblasts composed of about 80% at G0/G1 stage) by immunofluorescence analysis with anti-AcH4K5 using image the analyzer system, SigmaScan-pro V5.01 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Our data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) using an SAS package (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Somatic cells were exposed to TSA (1 µM for 60 h), a specific inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC), to induce hyperacetylation prior to somatic cell nuclear transfer. Signal intensity for AcH4K5 in TSA-treated cells (n = 80) was significantly increased (P &lt; 0.05), which was approximately double compared to that of normal cells (n = 80). In normal cells, histone H4 acetylation was profoundly reduced from the pro-metaphase to the early telophase and then reappeared at the late telophase. Acetylation signals of TSA-treated cells gradually increased to the early anaphase, abruptly decreased at the late anaphase and the early telophase, and recovered during late telophase. During early embryonic development (1 cell to 8 cell stage), NT embryos (n = 8) were hypoacetylated at the metaphase, whereas IVF (n = 10) and TSA-NT embryos (n = 8) were hyperacetylated. Our findings demonstrate that aberrant epigenetic reprogramming of histone modification occurs as early as the pronuclear stage in cloned embryos.
Optimal interconnection circuits for VLSI (1985)

The propagation delay of interconnection lines is a major factor in determining the performance Of VLSI circuits because the RC time delay of these lines increases rapidly as chip size is increased and cross-sectional interconnection dimensions are reduced. In this paper, a model for interconnection time delay is developed that includes the effects of scaling transistor, interconnection, and chip dimensions. The delays of aluminum, WSi <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> , and polysilicon lines are compared, and propagation delays in future VLSI circuits are projected. Properly scaled multilevel conductors, repeaters, cascaded drivers, and cascaded driver/ repeater combinations are investigated as potential methods for reducing propagation delay. The model yields optimal cross-sectional interconnection dimensions and driver/repeater configurations that can lower propagation delays by more than an order of magnitude in MOSFET circuits.
Efficient Intrathymic Gene Transfer Following In Situ Administration of a rAAV Serotype 8 Vector in Mice and Nonhuman Primates (2008)

The thymus is the primary site of T-cell development and plays a key role in the induction of self-tolerance. We previously showed that the intrathymic (i.t.) injection of a transgene-expressing lentiviral vector (LV) in mice can result in the correction of a T cell-specific genetic defect. Nevertheless, the efficiency of thymocyte transduction did not exceed 0.1-0.3% and we were unable to detect any thymus transduction in macaques. As such, we initiated studies to assess the capacity of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors to transduce murine and primate thymic cells. In vivo administration of AAV serotype 2-derived single-stranded AAV (ssAAV) and self-complementary AAV (scAAV) vectors pseudotyped with capsid proteins of serotypes 1, 2, 4, 5, and 8 demonstrated that murine thymus transduction was significantly enhanced by scAAV2/8. Transgene expression was detected in 5% of thymocytes and, notably, transduced cells represented 1% of peripheral T lymphocytes. Moreover, i.t. administration of scAAV2/8 particles in macaques, by endoscopic-mediated guidance, resulted in significant gene transfer. Thus, in healthy animals, where thymic gene transfer does not provide a selective advantage, scAAV2/8 is a unique tool promoting the in situ transduction of thymocytes with the subsequent export of gene-modified lymphocytes to the periphery.
Increased Non-Canonical Splicing of Autoantigen Transcripts Provides the Structural Basis for Expression of Untolerized Epitopes. (2004)

Abstract Alternative splicing is important for increasing the complexity of the human proteome from a limited genome. Previous studies have shown that for some autoantigens, there is differential immunogenicity among alternatively spliced isoforms. In this report, we tested the hypothesis that alternative splicing is a common feature for transcripts of autologous proteins that are autoantigens. The corollary hypothesis tested was that non-autoantigen transcripts have a lower frequency of alternative splicing. We compared the extent of alternative splicing within 45 randomly selected self-proteins associated with autoimmune diseases to 9554 randomly selected proteins encoded in human genome using bioinformatics analysis. Isoform specific regions that result from alternative splicing were studied for their potential to be epitopes for antibodies or T cell epitopes. Our results demonstrate for the first time that alternative splicing occurred in 100% of the autoantigen transcripts. This is significantly higher that the approximately 42% rate of alternative splicing observed in 9554 randomly selected human gene transcripts. In addition, the majority of isoform-specific regions of these autoantigens encoded MHC restricted T cell antigen epitopes and autoantibody binding epitopes. Furthermore, 80% of the autoantigen transcripts underwent non-canonical alternative splicing, which is also significantly higher than the less than 1% rate in randomly selected gene transcripts. These studies suggest that non-canonical alternative splicing may be an important mechanism for the generation of untolerized epitopes that may lead to autoimmunity. Furthermore, the product of a transcript that does not undergo alternative splicing is unlikely to be a target antigen in autoimmunity.
Eine ungewöhnliche Star-Operation<sup>1</sup>) (1902)

Drug Prescribing for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in General Practice: a Cross-Sectional Study
Open label, non-randomized, multi-cohort pilot study of genetically engineered NY-ESO-1 specific NY-ESO-1<sup>c259</sup>t in HLA-A2<sup>+</sup> patients with synovial sarcoma (NCT01343043). (2017)

3000 Background: NY-ESO-1 is expressed in ~70% of synovial sarcomas (SS). NY-ESO-1 c259 T cells recognizing an NY-ESO-1 derived peptide complexed with HLA-A*02 are being studied in SS. Methods: Eligible patients (pt) are HLA-A*02:01, 02:05 or 02:06, with unresectable, metastatic or recurrent SS expressing NY-ESO-1. Primary endpoint of ORR (CR+PR) is evaluated in high (≥ 50% tumor cells express 2+/3+) and low (≥ 1+ in ≥ 1% cells, not exceeding 2+/3+ in ≥ 50% cells) NY-ESO-1 expressers with different lymphodepleting regimens. Secondary endpoints are safety, DOR, PFS, OS, and gene-marked cell persistence. Lymphocytes are obtained by leukapheresis, isolated, activated, transduced to express NY-ESO-1 c259 T, and expanded. Target dose is 1–6 × 10 9 cells. Disease is assessed at wk 4, 8 and 12 post-T-cell infusion, and then every 3 months. Results: 34 pt have been enrolled with 24 treated. 50% are male; median age is 30 yr (range 15 – 73). 12/15 pt in cohort 1 were treated. ORR was 50% (1 CR; 5 PR). Time to response was 6 wk (range 4-9) and median DOR 31 wk (range 13-72). Cohort 3 was closed due to only 1 PR out of 5 pt. Evaluation is ongoing in cohorts 2 (6 enrolled; 5 treated) and 4 (8 enrolled; 2 treated) as of 1/9/17. The most common AE are leukopenia (96%), nausea and pyrexia (88%), neutropenia (88%), lymphopenia (83%), anemia (79%), and thrombocytopenia (79%). 11 events of CRS were reported (3 G3; 1 G4), with no events of seizure, cerebral edema or fatal neurotoxicity; all resolved with supportive therapy. One fatal SAE (bone marrow failure) occurred in cohort 2; investigations have not identified a mechanism by which NY-ESO-1 c259 T may have caused this event. Conclusions: NY-ESO-1 c259 T has promising efficacy and acceptable safety. CRS is not associated with severe neurotoxicity and appears manageable with appropriate supportive care. Cohort 3 data indicate that Flu may be important for efficacy. Efficacy and safety data will be further evaluated and presented. Clinical trial information: NCT01343043. [Table: see text]
Steady Flow Through Collapsible Tubes: Measurements of Flow and Geometry (1992)

Compliant tubes attain a complex three-dimensional geometry when the external pressure exceeds the internal pressure and the tube is partially collapsed. A new technique for remote measurement of dynamic surfaces was applied to classical experiments with collapsible tubes. This work presents measurements of the three-dimensional structure of the tube as well as pressure and flow measurements during static loading and during steady-state fluid flow. Results are shown for two tubes of the same material and internal diameter but with different wall thicknesses. The measured tube laws compare well with previously published data and suggest the possible existence of a similarity tube law. The steady flow measurements did not compare well with the one-dimensional theoretical predictions.
Proximate Time-Optimal Digital Control for DC-DC Converters (2007)

This paper introduces an approach to near time- optimal control in DC-DC converters using a simple digital controller realization. The proposed proximate time-optimal digital (PTOD) controller is a combination of a linear PID controller operating near a reference point and a nonlinear switching surface (NSS) controller away from the reference, together with a smooth transition between the two. A capacitor current estimator enables effective switching surface evaluation and eliminates the need for current sensing. The NSS controller, which is implemented as a small Verilog HDL module, can be easily added to an existing digital PWM controller to construct the PTOD controller. In steady state, the converter operates at constant switching frequency. Simulation and experimental results are shown for a 6.5 V-to-1.3 V, 10 A synchronous buck converter.
Effect of Recombinant FVIIa in Hypothermic, Coagulopathic Pigs with Liver Injuries (2005)

These data indicate an inability of rFVIIa at these doses to reduce blood loss, or to increase survival time or percent survival in this pig model. Absence of DIC provides evidence for safe use of rFVIIa under conditions specific to this study.
Procedure guideline for lymphoscintigraphy and the use of intraoperative gamma probe for sentinel lymph node localization in melanoma of intermediate thickness 1.0. (2002)

The purpose of this guideline is to assist nuclear medicine practitioners in recommending, performing, interpreting, and reporting the results of (1) lymphoscintigraphy for identifying sentinel lymph nodes for excisional biopsy in patients with melanoma and (2) the use of the intraoperative gamma
Consensus based on learning game theory with a UAV rendezvous application (2014)

Multi-agent cooperation problems are becoming more and more attractive in both civilian and military applications. In multi-agent cooperation problems, different network topologies will decide different manners of cooperation between agents. A centralized system will directly control the operation of each agent with information flow from a single centre, while in a distributed system, agents operate separately under certain communication protocols. In this paper, a systematic distributed optimization approach will be established based on a learning game algorithm. The convergence of the algorithm will be proven under the game theory framework. Two typical consensus problems will be analyzed with the proposed algorithm. The contributions of this work are threefold. First, the designed algorithm inherits the properties in learning game theory for problem simplification and proof of convergence. Second, the behaviour of learning endows the algorithm with robustness and autonomy. Third, with the proposed algorithm, the consensus problems will be analyzed from a novel perspective.
HTLV-I and chronic nervous diseases: Present status and a look into the future (1988)

Three entities--multiple sclerosis, tropical spastic paraparesis, and human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy (HAM)--may represent manifestations of the same disease, with HTLV-I-like virus playing a role in their etiology. Tests for the presence of antibodies reacting with either HTLV-I-like virions or with p24 (gag) antigen, expression of HTLV-I antigen by cells of peripheral blood lymphocytes or cerebrospinal fluid, and viral sequences detected by in situ hybridization are essential to establish the role of HTLV-I-like virus in the disease. It is not yet known whether an incomplete form of the virus persists in the tissue following initial infection or whether the virus in question shares the gag protein with HTLV-I but carries the envelope of a different virus. It is recommended that investigative units comprising neurologists and laboratory workers be established as soon as possible to pursue vigorously the leads that may throw some light on the etiology of chronic neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
Imprinting self-assembled patterns of lines at a semiconductor surface, using heat, light, or electrons (2010)

The fabrication of nano devices at surfaces makes conflicting demands of mobility for self-assembly (SA) and immobility for permanence. The solution proposed in earlier work from this laboratory involved pattern formation in physisorbed molecules by SA, followed by localized reaction to chemically imprint the pattern substantially unchanged, a procedure we termed molecular-scale imprinting (MSI). Here, as proof of generality we extended this procedure, previously applied to imprinting circles on Si(111)-7 × 7, to SA lines of 1-chloropentane (CP) on Si(100)-2 × 1. The physisorbed lines consisted of pairs of CP that grew perpendicular to the Si dimer rows, as shown by scanning tunneling microscopy and ab initio theory. Chemical reaction of these lines with the surface was triggered in separate experiments by three different modes of energization: heat, electrons, or light. In all cases the CP molecules underwent MSI with a Si atom beneath so that the physisorbed lines of CP pairs were imprinted as chemisorbed lines of Cl pairs.
Population pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of TAS-102 in patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): Results from 3 phase 1 trials and the phase 3 RECOURSE trial. (2015)

2579 Background: TAS-102 is comprised of an antineoplastic thymidine-based nucleoside analog, trifluridine (FTD), and the thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor, tipiracil hydrochloride (TPI), at a molar ratio of 1:0.5 (weight ratio, 1:0.471). The efficacy and safety of TAS-102 in pts with mCRC refractory to standard therapies were evaluated in the RECOURSE trial. The major elimination pathways of FTD and TPI are by thymidine phosphorylase metabolism and renal excretion, respectively. Objectives of the current analysis were to establish population PK models for FTD and TPI, and to identify significant intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence drug exposure. Methods: The population PK approach used the nonlinear mixed-effect modeling program. The analysis consisted of sparse sampling data in RECOURSE (n = 139 of 800 pts, 3 time points) and extensive sampling data in 3 TAS-102 phase 1 trials (n = 102) [Japanese dose-finding study (Br J Cancer. 2012;107:429-434), PK contribution study (NCT01867866), and QTc study (NCT01867879)]. Results: Actual doses based on body surface area (BSA) were similar among studies except for the Japanese dose-finding study. The 1- and 2-compartment models with transit and first-order absorptions were adopted for FTD and TPI, respectively. BSA clearly related to the central volume of distribution (Vd/F) and creatinine clearance (CLCR) was a significant covariate for apparent oral clearance (CL/F) in the final models of FTD and TPI. Serum albumin (ALB) was a significant negative covariate for CL/F of FTD. The fixed effect for individual CL/F and Vd/F were modeled as follows: FTD: Vd/F (L) = 10.0 × (BSA/1.81)0.94, CL/F (L/h) = 2.93 × (CLCR/103)0.507 × (ALB/3.90)-0.633; TPI: Vd/F (L) = 192 × (BSA/1.81)1.46, CL/F (L/h) = 88.7 × (CLCR/103)0.592. Conclusions: Renal function and body size were the primary determinants of the PK of TAS-102, highlighting the importance of monitoring renal function in pts treated with TAS-102. Dosing of TAS-102 by BSA is adequate to reduce the variability of exposure to FTD and TPI. Significantly, the PK parameters did not vary with race, age, gender, or hepatic function. Clinical trial information: NCT01607957.
Topical PTH (1-34) is a novel, safe and effective treatment for psoriasis: a randomized self-controlled trial and an open trial (2003)

Patients who were resistant to at least one standard therapy for psoriasis had a remarkable improvement in their psoriasis when they applied PTH (1-34) to their lesion(s). No untoward toxicity was observed in any of the subjects. This pilot study suggests that topical PTH (1-34) is a safe and effective novel therapy for psoriasis.
Numerical Analysis of Stochastic Dynamical Systems in the Medium-Frequency Range (2003)

A stochastic finite element method (SFEM) has been applied to the mid-frequency vibration analysis of complex structural systems. A frequency domain model reduction strategy is devised using tae energy operator approach. The dominant eigen-subspace of the energy operator adapted to a specified frequency band allows the construction of a reduced model using the Ritz-Galerkin procedure. Once an efficient reduced model is constructed, the system parameter uncertainty is performed using SFEM approach. The approach allows significant computational efficiency in performing system parameter uncertainty analysis. The SFEM approach utilized is based on an integration of the Karhunen-Loeve and the Polynomial chaos expansions with the energy operator methodology.
Energy saving in the storage of marine products. II. Frozen storage of "ikura", a salted product of salmon eggs. (1984)

Two salinity levels of “ikura”, a salted product of salmon eggs, were prepared from fresh ovaries of the chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta, divided into many lots, and kept frozen for 11 months ai-10°, -20°, -30°, -40° and -60°C. At one or two-month interuals, a portion of each lot was analyzed for toughenss of egg membrane, carotenoid content, and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value as parameters for quality change. The results obtained showed that -10°C is reasonable for a short-term storage (up to 3 months) of ikura of either salinity, whereas -40°C, and not -60°C, was found best for a long-term storage up to 11 months. In addition, non-salted salmon eggs were found to be processed to a high quality ikura even after 11 months of frozen storage. Vacuum packaging was very effective against the lipid oxidation of ikura.