gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functionalizing multi-walled carbon nanotubes with poly(oxyalkylene)-amidoamines (2006)

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes were functionalized by sequential HNO3 oxidation and amidation with high-molecular-weight poly(oxyalkylene)-amines (400–2000 g mol−1) as the modifying agents. These nanotube-tethering organic portions include two types of polyether backbone, hydrophobic poly(oxypropylene) (POP) and hydrophilic poly(oxyethylene) (POE). By varying these hydrophilic or hydrophobic structures and their lengths, the organically modified nanotubes can be tailored to have different dispersing properties, either in water or in organic solvents. Homogeneous dispersion further allowed the observation of the detailed morphology of individual nanotubes and their aggregated forms by using atomic force microscopy and field emission-scanning electron microscopy analyses.
Purification of a protein histidine kinase from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The first member of this class of protein kinases (1991)

An enzyme of molecular weight 32,000 comprising a single subunit has been isolated from whole cell extracts of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In vitro, the enzyme transfers the gamma phosphate of ATP to a protein substrate, histone H4, to produce an alkali-stable phosphorylation. Modification of the substrate histidine with diethylpyrocarbonate prevented phosphorylation. Phosphoamino acid analysis of the phosphorylated substrate showed the presence of 1-phosphohistidine. Hence, the isolated enzyme is a protein histidine kinase. A novel assay for acid-labile alkali-stable protein phosphorylation was used in the purification of the kinase activity to a final specific activity of 2,700 nmol/15 min/mg. The purified enzyme phosphorylates specifically histidine 75 in histone H4 and does not phosphorylate histidine 18 nor histidine residues in any other core histone. Steady state kinetic data are consistent with an ordered sequential reaction with Km values for Mg-ATP and histone H4 of 60 and 17 microM, respectively. The protein histidine kinase requires a divalent cation such as Mg2+, Co2+, or Mn2+ but will not use Ca2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, spermine, or spermidine. This is the first purification of an enzyme that catalyzes N-linked phosphorylation in proteins.
Electronic data interchange: a research agenda (2002)

The authors discuss electronic data interchange (EDI) as an emerging business practice that affects the exchange of information among trading partners. The theoretical basis for EDI as an interorganizational system (IOS) is provided along with an assessment of the current status of the technology. The potential, costs, benefits, and risks inherent in the adoption of an EDI are shown to be affected by the level of acceptance among the trading partners and the likelihood of adoption by a competitor. A model is presented which considers the interaction of the value chain and competitors in determining the potential of adoption. Major areas for subsequent research are also identified and discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Poetry and Poetry (1956)

A response is presented to A. A. Phillips' article ('Poetry and Radio', Meanjin, 2/55). The author comments that it is not his purpose to intrude upon A. A. Phillips' hopes for the future of poetry in radio, but to question several of Phillip's generalisations including that contemporary poetry lacks resonance and sonority, by quoting several poems written by different poets from 1912 onwards. Includes a reply from A.A. Phillips, who comments that his observations are his personal opinion, and also suggests that the examples quoted are good to read but are not appealing to listen to.
The St. Jude Medical prosthesis. A thirteen-year experience. (1994)

From May 1979 until July 1992, 1184 patients, 2 to 86 years of age (median = 59 years), received 1367 St. Jude Medical prostheses (578 aortic, 440 mitral, 3 tricuspid, and 170 multiple). Overall early mortality was 4% with 2.4%, 4.3%, and 8.2% after aortic, mitral and multiple valve replacement, respectively. Follow-up was 100% complete (4936 patient-years). Actuarial survival at 10 years (including both early and late deaths) was 71% +/- 4.1% after aortic valve replacement, 58.8% +/- 5.1% after mitral valve replacement, and 58.9% +/- 9.6% after multiple valve replacement. Multivariate analysis identified age, previous operations, diabetes mellitus, extent of coronary artery disease, preoperative New York Heart Association class, and additional procedures as independent prognostic factors for overall survival. All patients including 20 children (2 to 18 years of age) received sodium warfarin. The linearized risk per 100 patient-years for all embolic events (major and minor) was 2.4, 4.4, and 5.0 after aortic, mitral, and multiple valve replacement, respectively; when only major events were considered, the linearized risks were 0.33, 1.17, 1.54, respectively. Freedom from major systemic embolism at 10 years was 96% +/- 2% after aortic valve replacement, 88% +/- 4% after mitral valve replacement, and 89% +/- 3% after multiple valve replacement. Five patients had valve thrombosis, four of whom definitely received inadequate anticoagulation therapy. Ninety-seven patients had 107 episodes of anticoagulant-related hemorrhage (2.2/100 patient-years) accounting for 17 late deaths; 14 of the deaths involved an international normalized ratio in excess of 3.5. To reduce the rate of thromboembolism without increasing the rate of anticoagulant-related hemorrhage, we propose that the international normalized ratio should be kept between 2.5 and 3.0. No recorded structural failure or significant hemolysis was found in the absence of periprosthetic leak. This experience encourages us to continue using the St. Jude Medical prosthesis.
A new application of ionic liquids for heterogeneously catalyzed acetylation of cellulose under solvent-free conditions (2013)

We have developed a simple and effective route for high yield production of cellulose acetate from waste cotton fabric. A small amount of Brønsted acidic ionic liquid (15 mol%) was used as the heterogeneous catalyst in this solvent-free process to synthesize cellulose acetate with a yield of 124.7%.
Spermatogenesis and the structure of the mature sperm in <i>Nucella Lapillus</i> (L) (1968)

ABSTRACT The testis of Nucella consists of numerous tubules, all directed inwards and joining to form a common testicular duct. In a single tubule the spermatogonia lie round the periphery. Mature sperm line the lumen of the tubule. Cells in the same stage of spermatogenesis are grouped together and all members of a group pass through spermatogenesis in phase. Staining with fast green before and after treatment with Van Slyke reagent indicates a change from lysine-rich to arginine-rich histone in the maturing spermatid. Sperm of Nucella are motile throughout their length. The sperm are thread-like and about 80 μ long. The head is Feulgen-positive and about 40 μ long. The mid-piece lies behind the head and is about 8 μ long. The flagellum runs from the front end of the head to the tip of the tail; in the head it is completely surrounded by the nucleus. The spermatogonia contain two centrioles situated near the nucleus and a conspicuous Golgi complex. There are synaptinemal complexes in spermatocyte nuclei in the synapsis stage. In the early spermatid the centriole pushes a tube through the nucleus. This tube is lined by nuclear membrane and is occupied by the anterior portion of the flagellar shaft. The nucleus elongates and the nucleoprotein condenses into strands arranged helically along the long axis of the nucleus. These strands fuse to form lamellae, which disappear in the mature sperm. Mitochondria aggregate at the base of the early spermatid nucleus and form a loose spiral around the flagellar shaft. The outer mitochondrial membranes fuse. The mid-piece of the mature sperm consists of a large tubular mitochondrion enclosing a portion of the flagellar shaft. At the early spermatid stage a pro-acrosomal granule is formed from a large Golgi complex. From this the acrosome develops; it consists of a cone and an acrosome granule. There are two sets of microtubules associated with the acrosome, one lying within the cone, the other outside the cone and separated from it by a ‘ragged membrane’. The microtubules of the outer set extend backwards along the head for two-thirds of its length. The centriole which gives rise to the flagellar shaft lies at the anterior end of the head and is separated from the acrosome by a thin layer of nucleoprotein and a double layer of nuclear envelope. There is no second centriole or derivative thereof in the mature sperm. In the tail groups of coiled fibres are associated with each pair of the peripheral flagellar fibrils.
Efficacy of an extract of North American ginseng containing poly-furanosyl-pyranosyl-saccharides for preventing upper respiratory tract infections: a randomized controlled trial (2005)

Ingestion of a poly-furanosyl-pyranosyl-saccharide-rich extract of the roots of North American ginseng in a moderate dose over 4 months reduced the mean number of colds per person, the proportion of subjects who experienced 2 or more colds, the severity of symptoms and the number of days cold symptoms were reported.
Luminal Esophageal Temperature Monitoring With a Deflectable Esophageal Temperature Probe and Intracardiac Echocardiography May Reduce Esophageal Injury During Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Procedures (2011)

A strategy of optimal LET probe placement using a deflectable LET probe and intracardiac echocardiography guidance, combined with cessation of radiofrequency ablation with a 2°C rise in LET, may reduce esophageal thermal injury during left atrial ablation procedures.
The Chemistry of Petroleum and Its Substitutes: A Practical Handbook (2008)

Book digitized by Google from the library of the University of California and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.
Nematodes on citrus: Soil fumigation and resistant citrus varieties promising as controls (1950)

Nematodes injurious to citrus roots are being investigated at Riverside to find efficient means of control.
Solving three-player games by the matrix approach with application to an electric power market (2003)

In models of imperfect competition of deregulated electricity markets, the key task is to find the Nash equilibrium (NE). The approaches for finding the NE have had two major bottlenecks: computation of mixed strategy equilibrium and treatment of multiplayer games. This paper proposes a payoff matrix approach that resolves these bottlenecks. The proposed method can efficiently find a mixed strategy equilibrium in a multiplayer game. The formulation of the NE condition for a three-player game is introduced and a basic computation scheme of solving nonlinear equalities and checking inequalities is proposed. In order to relieve the inevitable burden of searching the subspace of payoffs, several techniques are adopted in this paper. Two example application problems arising from electricity markets and involving a Cournot and a Bertrand model, respectively, are investigated for verifying the proposed method. The proposed method outperforms a publicly available game theory software for the application problems.
Targeting the N332-supersite of the HIV-1 envelope for vaccine design (2020)

<b>Introduction</b>: Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) that are able to target diverse global viruses are widely believed to be crucial for an HIV-1 vaccine. Several conserved targets recognized by these antibodies have been identified on the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein. One such target that shows particular promise for vaccination is the N332-supersite.<b>Areas covered</b>: This review describes the potential of the N332-supersite epitope as an immunogen design platform. We discuss the structure of the epitope and the bNAbs that target it, emphasizing their diverse modes of binding. Furthermore, the successes and limitations of recent N332-supersite immunization studies are discussed.<b>Expert opinion</b>: During HIV-1 infection, some of the broadest and most potent bNAbs target the N332-supersite. Furthermore, some of these antibodies require less affinity maturation than the high levels typical of many bNAbs, making these potentially more achievable vaccine targets. In addition, bNAbs bind this epitope with multiple angles of approach and glycan dependencies, perhaps increasing the probability of eliciting such responses by vaccination. Animal studies have shown that N332-supersite bNAb precursors can be activated by novel immunogens. While follow-up studies must establish whether boosting strategies can drive the maturation of bNAbs from these precursors, the development of targeted N332-supersite immunogens expands our arsenal of potential HIV-1 vaccine candidates.
Gibberellins and Seed Development in Maize. II. Gibberellin Synthesis Inhibition Enhances Abscisic Acid Signaling in Cultured Embryos (2000)

Abscisic acid (ABA) is required for seed maturation in maize (Zea mays L.) and other plants. Gibberellins (GAs) are also present in developing maize embryos, and mutual antagonism of GAs and ABA appears to govern the choice between precocious germination or quiescence and maturation. Exogenous ABA can also induce quiescence and maturation in immature maize embryos in culture. To examine the role of GAs versus ABA in regulating maize embryo maturation, the effects of modulating GA levels were compared with those of ABA in embryos cultured at successive stages of development. The effects of GA synthesis inhibition or exogenous GA application differed markedly in embryos at different stages of development, indicating changes in both endogenous GA levels and in the capacity for GA synthesis as embryogenesis and maturation progress. In immature embryos, the inhibition of GA synthesis mimicked the effects of exogenous ABA, as shown by the suppression of germination, the acquisition of anthocyanin pigments, and the accumulation of a variety of maturation-phase mRNAs. We suggest that GA antagonizes ABA signaling in developing maize embryos, and that the changing hormone balance provides temporal control over the maturation phase.
A study of sustainability assessment model for recycling materials from the life cycle design (2002)

According to the concept of sustainability, the goal of recycling is to maintain a long-term supply for the resources needed in the future. However, after the natural resources run through a conversion or manufacturing process, their nature might be destroyed. Then the recycling of those materials perhaps affects environmental load and product quality. If the potential influence of materials and the method of life cycle design of products could be taken into account in the early stage of product development, the effectiveness of recycling material could be highly increased. The methodology and procedures of this study are to research important literature about the life cycle design and plan the developing structure of assessment model and utilize the computer-aided environmental assessment tool named "Simapro 3", assessment forms and referring guidelines on different stages of life cycle to analyze the characteristics of recycling materials and the value of selection of recycling materials. Then the study evaluates the possibility of establishing an assessment model by consulting experts. In the meantime, it establishes the guidelines for selection of recycling materials and a sustainability assessment model in life cycle design of products. At the end of study, it illustrates the application of this established assessment model and evaluates its developing potential.
The potential application of avian egg antibodies with emphasis on immunotherapeutic and immunodiagnostic purpose (2015)

Avian eggs present an ideal alternative antibody source to mammals as the immunoglobulin (IgY) in the chicken’s blood is transported to the egg and accumulates in the egg yolk in large quantities. The existence of an immunoglobulin G (IgG)-like molecule in avian eggs, referred to as IgY, has been well documented, and extensive research has been carried out on its characterization, production and purification. Although it is the functional equivalent of mammalian IgG, the major serum antibody found in mammals IgY is structurally different, and has been found to exhibit several important differences when compared to mammalian antibodies, including its physicochemical properties and immunological capabilities. Recently, considerable research has focus seldom use of IgY as an alternative to mammalian antibodies for several applications, including immunotherapeutic applications, especially for the oral passive immunization against various bacteria and viruses. Much research has also been carried out on the use of IgY as a replacement for IgG in various immunodiagnostic and immunoaffinity purification purposes. The use of IgY offers several advantages over polyclonal antibodies produced in mammals, including providing a much more hygienic, cost efficient, convenient, humane and plentiful source of antigen-specific antibodies.

	 

	Key words: Avian, egg yolk antibody, immunodiagnostic, immunotherapeutic, IgY.
Decision fusion approach for multitemporal classification (1999)

This paper proposes two decision fusion-based multitemporal classifiers, namely, the jointly likelihood and the weighted majority fusion classifiers, that are derived using two different definitions of the minimum expected cost. Without any overhead incurred by multitemporal processing, a user-selected conventional pixelwise classifier makes local class separately using each temporal data set, and the multitemporal classifiers make the global class decisions by optimally summarizing those local class decisions. The proposed weighted majority decision fusion classifier can handle not only the data set reliabilities but also the classwise reliabilities of each data set. Classification experiment using the jointly likelihood decision fusion with three remotely sensed Thematic Mapper (TM) data sets shows more than 10% overall classification accuracy improvement over the pixelwise maximum likelihood classifier.
Co-seismic deformation of 2011 Mw9.0 Japan earthquake observed by InSAR technique (2011)

从 Envisat ASAR ， ALOS PALSAR 和 TerraSAR-X 的 InSAR 数据导出的 2011 Mw9.0 日本地震的公司地震的 line-of-sight 排水量显示出最大的价值关于-到 epicenter.This 结果附近的 -221cm 的 245cm 在对观察排水量模式建议的 GPS measurement.The 的结果的好同意在 500kn 上的一个地震破裂地区长，与在比南部的片断的更复杂的北片断的附近的一个地面运动模式，可能由于立即的 aftersh
How to Detect Cyber-Attacks in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Network? (2016)

Security issues in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networks attract the attention of both industry and research community. This is due to the large number of attacks that can target such networks with a goal for instance to jam the communication, disturb the network operation, inject wrong data, etc. In this paper, we propose and implement a cyber security system to protect the UAVs against the most dangerous threats: cyber-attacks that target the data integrity and network availability. Our system is based on a cyber detection mechanism to promptly detect these attacks as soon as they unfold. Minimizing false positives and false negatives rates is a major issue since classifying a legitimate node as an intruder and vice versa may compromises the efficiency of the security system . Thereby, to address this issue, a threat estimation model based on Belief approach is proposed. Simulation results show that our security system exhibits a high accuracy detection compared to cyber detection system proposed in current literature.
A piecewise Gaussian model for profiling and differentiating retinal vessels (2004)

Accurate measurement and identification of blood vessels could provide useful information to clinical diagnosis. A piecewise Gaussian model is proposed to describe the intensity distribution of vessel profile in this paper. The characteristic of central reflex is specially considered in the proposed model. The comparison with the single Gaussian model is performed, which shows that the piecewise Gaussian model is a more appropriate model for vessel profile. The obtained model parameters could be utilized in the identification of vessel type. The minimum Mahalanobis distance classifier is employed in the classification. 505 segments of vessels were tested. The success rate is 82.46% and 89.03% for the arteries and veins respectively.
Scutellaric acid, a new triterpene from Scutellaria rivularis. (1988)

The structure of scutellaric acid, a new oleanane type triterpene acid isolated from Scutellaria rivularis, was determined on the basis of spectral and chemical correlations.
The Chemistry of Amino, Nitroso, Nitro and Related Groups (1996)

Molecular Mechanics Calculations (P. Aped & H. Senderowitz). Structural Chemistry (S. Sorriso). Chiroptical Properties of Amino Compounds (H. Smith). Photoelectron Spectra of Amines, Nitroso and Nitro Compounds (P. Rademacher). The Chemistry of Ionized, Protonated and Cationated Amines in the Gas Phase (R. Bowen). Mass Spectrometry of Nitro and Nitroso Compounds (H. Egsgaard & L. Carlsen). NMR of Compounds Containing -NH2, -NO2 and -NO Groups (E. Randall & C. Mitsopoulou). Thermochemistry of Amines, Nitroso Compounds, Nitro Compounds and Related Species (J. Liebman, et al.). Acidity and Basicity (S. Bradamante). Hydrogen Bonding and Complex Formation Involving Compounds with Amino, Nitroso and Nitro Groups (L. Forlani). Electronic Effects of Nitro, Nitroso, Amino and Related Groups (J. Shorter). Advances in the Chemistry of Amino and Nitro Compounds (G. Boyd). Diazotization of Amines and Dediazoniation of Diazonium Ions (H. Zollinger). S-Nitroso Compounds, Formation, Reactions and Biological Activity (D. Williams). Photochemistry of Nitro and Nitroso Compounds (T. Ho & Y. Chow). Radiation Chemistry of Amines, Nitro and Nitroso Compounds (W. Horspool). The Electrochemistry of Nitro, Nitroso, and Related Compounds (A. Fry). Rearrangement Reactions Involving the Amino, Nitro and Nitroso Groups (D. Williams). The Synthesis and Uses of Isotopically Labelled Amino and Quaternary Ammonium Salts (K. Westaway). Displacement and ipso-Substitution in Nitration (J. Sandall), Nitric Oxide from Arginine: A Biological Surprise (A. Mehler). Reactions of Nitrosoarenes with SH Groups (P. Eyer & D. Galleman). Analytical Aspects of Amino, Quaternary Ammonium, Nitro, Nitroso and Related Functional Groups (J. Zabicky & S. Bittner). Environmental Aspects of Compounds Containing Nitro, Nitroso and Amino Groups (H. Chagger & A. Williams). SNAr Reactions of Amines in Aprotic Solvents (N. Nudelman). Indexes.
Planter Depth-Control: I. Predictions and Projected Effects on Crop Emergence (1985)

ABSTRACT PLANTER depth control with four wheel designs was evaluated on the basis of the predicted effects on simulated emergence for four crops. A linked front and rear depth control wheel design performed similar to rear and front depth control wheels. Side wheels produced the best performance, but they are too wide for solid-seeded planting narrow rows in crop residues. Depth control wheel position varied the simulated emergence as much as 36%. The simulation models proved useful in evaluating depth control mechanisms and could be extended to field situations by using specific surface topography and seed emergence data for response prediction.