gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Event Based Approach To Situational Representation (2009)

Many application domains require representing interrelated real-world activities and/or evolving physical phenomena. In the crisis response domain, for instance, one may be interested in representing the state of the unfolding crisis (e.g., forest fire), the progress of the response activities such as evacuation and traffic control, and the state of the crisis site(s). Such a situation representation can then be used to support a multitude of applications including situation monitoring, analysis, and planning. In this paper, we make a case for an event based representation of situations where events are defined to be domain-specific significant occurrences in space and time. We argue that events offer a unifying and powerful abstraction to building situational awareness applications. We identify challenges in building an Event Management System (EMS) for which traditional data and knowledge management systems prove to be limited and suggest possible directions and technologies to address the challenges.
Item Unavailable (1900)

The Phase I SBIR effort completed the feasibility design, fabrication, and wind tunnel testing of a self-actuated blade articulation mechanism that uses a torsion bar and a lightweight airfoil to affect the articulation of the Wells airfoil. The articulation is affected only by the air stream incident on the airfoil. The self-actuating blade eliminates the complex and costly linkage mechanism that is now needed to perform this function on either a variable pitch Wells-type or Dennis-Auld air turbine. Using the results reported by independent researchers, the projected improvement in the Wells-type turbine efficiency is 20-40%, in addition to an increase in the operating air flow range by 50-100%, therefore enabling a smaller or slower single turbine to be used.
Apparent Pokeweed Mitogen Cure of Metastatic Gum Melanoma in an Older Dog (2000)

Immunotherapy with plant mitogens has been of increasing interest to both authors, although their mutual attraction to these substances over the past two decades occurred independently and has taken divergent pathways from the start. Because of their clinical unavailability, Wimer's efforts have been confined to writing theoretical concepts on potential applications of the mitogens focusing on the L4 isolectin of PHA. Alternatively, Mann has worked actively with laboratory and experimental research involving PWM that he has extracted himself. As a sequel to a pilot study of PWM cancer treatment in pets whereby he supplies the mitogen, protocol, and data sheets and veterinarians supervise the administration, Mann acquiesced to widespread requests for inclusion in an extended investigation. Unfortunately, this arrangement has left Mann with little control over data submission, and until recently, only verbal reports have been received. The recent documentation of a three-year remission and apparent cure of gum melanoma metastatic to regional and hilar lymph nodes and to the lungs in an aged dog following PWM therapy has prompted this case report. The incredible response has inspired more aggressive attempts to obtain information from other recipients of the mitogen. The small total dose of 300 micrograms inducing a remission does speak for the remarkable potency of PWM that may be 500 or more times that of PHA. However, the possibility that melanoma is a uniquely responsive tumor is suggested by a 1971 article indicating complete remission of metastatic melanoma in an 18-year-old lad to an unexpectedly low total dose of 50 mg PHA. Preliminary reports on other tumors treated with PWM indicate some impressive responses have occurred, although they also suggest that Mann's regimen may sometimes require adjustments in dosages and other variables previously reviewed in theoretical PHA-L4 models, to which this case report now contributes validity.
Comparing shapes, understanding evolution (2011)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
PIII-57Pharmacokinetics and dopamine D2 And serotonin 5-HT2A receptor occupancy of paliperidone in healthy subjects: Two open-label, single-dose studies (2006)

OBJECTIVES Assess pharmacokinetics, dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2A receptor occupancy of paliperidone immediate-release 1mg (paliperidone IR; Study 1) and paliperidone extended-release tablets 6mg (paliperidone ER; Study 2). METHODS Blood samples were collected pre-dose and ≤24h (Study 1) and ≤48h (Study 2). Striatal D2 receptor binding was measured using PET and 11C-raclopride pre-dose and post-dose at 2.5h (Study 1) and at 22h and 46h (predicted Cmax; Study 2). Frontal cortex 5-HT2A receptor occupancy (Study 1) was assessed using[11C]M100,907 ≥1 week pre-dose and 4.5h post-dose (Cmax). The apparent dissociation constant (KDapp=plasma concentration at which 50% of target receptor is occupied) was estimated using an Emax model. RESULTS Formulation differences were reflected in tmax and Cmax. Paliperidone ER 6mg corresponds to median D2 occupancy of 64% at 22h post-dose. Using the KDapp, plasma concentrations corresponding to 70–80% D2 occupancy were estimated: 15–25ng/mL (Study 1); 10–17ng/mL (Study 2). Using pooled data from both studies the in vivo KDapp is estimated to be 4.9ng/mL. CONCLUSION Paliperidone occupies central D2 and 5HT2A receptors. D2 receptor occupancy with paliperidone ER suggests 6mg will be an effective dose in the treatment of schizophrenia. (See Table) Measure Paliperidone IR 1mg*. Study 1 (n=3) Paliperidone ER 6mg*. Study 2 (n=4) Median Cmax (ng/mL) (range) 6.02 (5.34–6.14) 11.3 (7.73–16.5) Median tmax (h) (range) 4.2 (4.1–8.1) 24.1 (23.1–29.0) Median % D2 receptor occupancy (range) 48 (35–51)[2.5h post-dose] 64 (56–79)[22h post-dose]; 53 (40–62)[46h post-dose] Calculated KDapp for D2-receptor occupancy (ng/mL) 6.4 4.4 Median % 5-HT2A-receptor occupancy (range) 65 (65–71)[4.5h post-dose] Not measured Corresponding plasma concentration range (mg/mL) 5.1–6.0[4.0h post-dose] Not measured a Initial studies have shown that paliperidone ER has a bioavailability of approximately 33% of that of paliperidone IR. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2005) 79, P74–P74; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2005.12.265
Extending the performance of KrF laser for microlithography by using novel F 2 control technology (2000)

Exposure tools for 248nm lithography have reached a level of maturity comparable to those based on i-line. With this increase in maturity, there is a concomitant requirement for greater flexibility from the laser by the process engineers. Usually, these requirements pertain to energy, spectral width and repetition rate. By utilizing a combination of laser parameters, the process engineers are often able to optimize throughput, reduce cost-of-operation or achieve greater process margin. Hitherto, such flexibility of laser operation was possible only via significant changes to various laser modules. During our investigation, we found that the key measure of the laser that impacts the aforementioned parameters is its F2 concentration. By monitoring and controlling its slope efficiency, the laser's F2 concentration may be precisely controlled. Thus a laser may tune to operate under specifications as diverse as 7mJ, (Delta) (lambda) <SUB>FWHM</SUB> < 0.3 pm and 10mJ, (Delta) (lambda) <SUB>FWHM</SUB> < 0.6pm and still meet the host of requirements necessary for lithography. We discus this new F<SUB>2</SUB> control technique and highlight some laser performance parameters.
Bond-Cleavage Reactions with Hard Acid and Soft Nucleophile Systems (1987)

Carbon - heteroatom bonds can be cleaved by an appropriate combination of a hard acid and a soft nucleophile. Synthetically useful selective C-O bond cleavage in the presence of other C-O bond(s) is described. Reductive dehalogenation of α-haloketones is presented as an example that illustrates the concept of hard-soft affinity inversion. Finally, regio- and stereoselective functionalization of 1,3-dienes is demonstrated by the thienium cation Diels-Alder cyclization involving the C-S bond cleavage.
Autoantibodies to OxLDL Are Decreased in Individuals With Borderline Hypertension (1999)

-Elevated antibody levels to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (aOxLDL) have been shown to correlate with the degree of atherosclerosis in some studies. On the other hand, immunization of experimental animals with OxLDL, leading to enhanced aOxLDL levels, inhibits the development of the disease. The role of antibodies to OxLDL during different stages of disease development is thus not clear. The objective of this study was to determine the level of aOxLDL in early cardiovascular disease, such as borderline hypertension (BHT). Seventy-three men with BHT were matched with 75 age-matched normotensive (NT) men (diastolic blood pressures, 85 to 94 and <80 mm Hg, respectively). Antibody levels to epitopes of OxLDL were determined by use of conventional and chemiluminescence ELISA techniques. Presence of carotid atherosclerosis was determined by B-mode ultrasonography; atherosclerotic plaques were detected in 29 individuals. BHT men had significantly lower aOxLDL levels of IgG class (P=0.001) and IgM class (P=0.001) than NT controls, as determined using chemiluminescence ELISA. Similar results were obtained using conventional ELISA, with which aOxLDL of IgG (P=0. 0002) and IgM (P=0.026) classes and antibody levels to malondialdehyde-LDL were significantly lower in BHT individuals. There was no difference in antibody levels between individuals with or without carotid atherosclerosis. It is not clear whether the decreased aOxLDL levels in BHT are due to a decreased immune reaction to OxLDL or to an increased consumption of aOxLDL due to binding to early atherosclerotic lesions. The possible implications of these findings are discussed.
Design of Robust Business-to-Business Electronic Marketplaces with Guaranteed Privacy (2006)

Firms that set up electronic marketplaces to enhance their supply and/or distribution channels face challenges in attracting their competitors to participate. A major obstacle is the perception that the owner can unfairly exploit trading information for competitive advantage. In this paper, we propose a marketplace design that shifts the locus of control over trader privacy from the marketplace operator to each individual trader. We show how online transactions between trading partners can be conducted in total privacy, so that not even the marketplace owner/operator can exploit transaction information for strategic purposes. At the same time, our approach includes robust methods for transaction integrity and nonrepudiation, as well as posttransaction dispute resolution.
Application of toxicogenomics to the endocrine disruption issue (2003)

Toxicogenomics can be expected to be a useful method for detecting the carcinogenic potential of endocrine active substances (EASs) in the short term with the generation of understanding of mode-of-action and mechanisms when a reliable database with information about proteomics and informatics is established. At present, there are no concrete epidemiological data supporting any exogenous EAS contribution to hormone-related organ carcinogenesis in humans. However, with the establishment of appropriate animal models and analysis of genomic-scale gene expression, risk identification and evaluation should be facilitated within a relatively short period, and this approach eventually promises to contribute a great deal of risk management regarding EASs.
Treatment of an early implant failure according to the principles of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) (1992)

The present case report demonstrates the application of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) in combination with antimicrobial therapy for the treatment of an early implant failure. This treatment approach both prevented further loss of bone as well as led to the regeneration of lost bone. By means of color-converted digital subtraction images, remodelling of the tissues adjacent to the defect was documented as early as one month postsurgically. The images demonstrated "bone-fill" in the apical portion of the defect and resorptive changes at the bone crest. This case report demonstrates that combined regenerative and antimicrobial therapy may be a successful treatment approach restoring osseointegration of dental implants following loss of bone due to infection. Continuously increasing bone-fill inside the defect was documented when comparing the radiograph obtained immediately before the GTR procedure and at months 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6 of the healing period, respectively. Clinical measurement obtained at the time of the surgery and at the time of the membrane removal confirmed the radiographic evidence of bone-fill by demonstrating new tissue resistant to probing in close contact to the implant surface at the site of the previous defect. Antimicrobial therapy included an antibiotic regimen during the 1st month of healing as well as topical rinses with an antiseptic (chlorhexidine) over the entire healing period of 6 months. As a result of this treatment approach, the implant was saved and could be used as an abutment for a bridge reconstruction.
On the reconstruction of height functions and terrain maps from dense range data (2002)

This paper describes a method for combining multiple, dense range images to create surface reconstructions of height functions. Height functions are a special class of three-dimensional (3-D) surfaces, where one 3-D coordinate is a function of the other two. They are relevant for application domains such as terrain modeling or two-and-half dimensional surface reconstruction. Dense range maps are produced by either a range measuring device combined with a scanning mechanism or a triangulation scheme, such as active or passive stereo. The proposed method follows from a statistical formulation that characterizes the optimal surface estimate as the one that maximizes the posterior probability conditional on the input data and prior information about the application domain. Because the domain of the reconstruction is a two-dimensional (2-D) scalar function, the optimal surface can be expressed as an image, and the variational form of that optimization produces a 2-D partial differential equation (PDE). The PDE consists of two parts: a first-order data term and a second-order smoothing term. Thus optimal surface reconstruction is formulated as the solution to a second-order, nonlinear, PDE on an image, which is related to the family of PDE-based image processing algorithms in the literature. This paper presents the theory for reconstruction and some particular aspects of the numerical implementation. It also analyzes results on both synthetic and real data sets, which show a 75%-95% reduction of the RMS sensor error.
Species-Specific Functioning of the <i>Pseudomonas</i> XcpQ Secretin: Role for the C-Terminal Homology Domain and Lipopolysaccharide (2007)

Secretins are oligomeric proteins that mediate the export of macromolecules across the bacterial outer membrane. The members of the secretin superfamily possess a C-terminal homology domain that is important for oligomerization and channel formation, while their N-terminal halves are thought to be involved in system-specific interactions. The XcpQ secretin of Pseudomonas spp. is a component of the type II secretion pathway. XcpQ from Pseudomonas alcaligenes is not able to functionally replace the secretin of the closely related species Pseudomonas aeruginosa. By analysis of chimeric XcpQ proteins, a region important for species-specific functioning was mapped between amino acid residues 344 and 478 in the C-terminal homology domain. Two chromosomal suppressor mutations were obtained that resulted in the proper functioning in P. aeruginosa of P. alcaligenes XcpQ and inactive hybrids. These mutations caused a defect in the synthesis of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) outer core region. Subsequent analysis of different LPS mutants showed that changes in the outer core and not the loss of O antigen caused the suppressor phenotype. High concentrations of divalent cations in the growth medium also allowed P. alcaligenes XcpQ and inactive hybrids to function properly in P. aeruginosa. Since divalent cations are known to affect the structure of LPS, this observation supports the hypothesis that LPS has a role in the functioning of secretins.
Comparative testing of four ionospheric models driven with GPS measurements (2011)

In the context of the European Space Agency/European Space Operations Centre funded Study “GNSS Contribution to Next Generation Global Ionospheric Monitoring,” four ionospheric models based on GNSS data (the Electron Density Assimilative Model, EDAM; the Ionosphere Monitoring Facility, IONMON v2; the Tomographic Ionosphere model, TOMION; and the Neustrelitz TEC Models, NTCM) have been run using a controlled set of input data. Each model output has been tested against differential slant TEC (dSTEC) truth data for high (May 2002) and low (December 2006) sunspot periods. Three of the models (EDAM, TOMION, and NTCM) produce dSTEC standard deviation results that are broadly consistent with each other and with standard deviation spreads of ∼1 TECu for December 2006 and ∼1.5 TECu for May 2002. The lowest reported standard deviation across all models and all stations was 0.99 TECu (EDAM, TLSE station for December 2006 night). However, the model with the best overall dSTEC performance was TOMION which has the lowest standard deviation in 28 out of 52 test cases (13 stations, two test periods, day and night). This is probably related to the interpolation techniques used in TOMION exploiting the spatial stationarity of vertical TEC error decorrelation.
Parallel acoustic delay lines for photoacoustic tomography (2012)

Achieving real-time photoacoustic (PA) tomography typically requires multi-element ultrasound transducer arrays and their associated multiple data acquisition (DAQ) electronics to receive PA waves simultaneously. We report the first demonstration of a photoacoustic tomography (PAT) system using optical fiber-based parallel acoustic delay lines (PADLs). By employing PADLs to introduce specific time delays, the PA signals (on the order of a few micro seconds) can be forced to arrive at the ultrasonic transducers at different times. As a result, time-delayed PA signals in multiple channels can be ultimately received and processed in a serial manner with a single-element transducer, followed by single-channel DAQ electronics. Our results show that an optically absorbing target in an optically scattering medium can be photoacoustically imaged using the newly developed PADL-based PAT system. Potentially, this approach could be adopted to significantly reduce the complexity and cost of ultrasonic array receiver systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Synthesis of Oligoribonucleotides Containing 2‐Aminopurine: Substrates for the Investigation of Ribozyme Function. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Potomac horse fever disease (1987)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM in natural and experimental infections of equids with Ehrlichia risticii was developed. Ehrlichial organisms purified from an infected mouse macrophage cell line were used as the antigen. IgM was separated from serum IgG by the expedient of spun-column chromatography, allowing the use of an indirect ELISA for quantitation of both IgG and IgM in the test sera. Among 16 paired sera from horses exhibiting clinical signs of Potomac horse fever, 8 were positive by the indirect fluorescent-antibody test (IFA), 11 were positive by the IgG ELISA, and 8 were positive by the IgM ELISA. All IFA-positive specimens were positive by the IgG ELISA, which appeared to be more sensitive than the IFA. In all cases, the IgG ELISA alone would have sufficed for diagnosis when acute- and convalescent-phase sera were available. When 26 single acute- or convalescent-phase serum samples were tested, the IFA detected 8, the IgG ELISA detected 10, and the IgM ELISA detected 6 positive serum specimens. The kinetics of IgG and IgM responses as determined by ELISA in two experimentally infected ponies which survived infection and challenges revealed that specific IgM was short-lived, falling to undetectable levels by day 60 postinoculation, whereas specific IgG persisted for more than 1 year. IgM and IgG were detected as early as days 1 and 10, respectively, postinoculation. The results suggest that the ELISA is more sensitive than the IFA and that the IgM ELISA may provide a means for early diagnosis of Potomac horse fever at or before the onset of clinical signs.
Elaboration of optical integrated devices by multiphoton polymerization processes in doped photopolymers (2004)

Nonlinear optical photopolymers are of special interest for the realization of permanent integrated optical circuits via polymerization induced by one or two-photon absorption processes. In this context, we have explored the possibilities to create integrated devices by the 1D and 3D control of the photopolymerization. The various growth forms of self-written wave guides created in the bulk of photopolymerizable resins are presented and analyzed, both experimentally and theoretically. Under quasi-solitonic propagation conditions, the control of the refractive index during the photopolymerization progression allows the elaboration of wave guides over large distances (typically a few cm). We have also taken advantage of the high spatial selectivity of the two-photon absorption procedure for the design of controlled polymerized pathways. By using a two-photon confocal microscopy technique with a femtosecond laser source to activate the polymerization, we demonstrate how it is possible to create optical circuits in the bulk of doped photopolymers. Moreover, the permanent freezing of the orientation of push-pull chromophores embedded in the polymeric matrices opens up the possibility to design integrated circuits with different optical functions. Thus, by combining non linear optical properties and multi-photon polymerization technique, active 3D optical devices can be created in functionalized photopolymers.
Charge reversal seen in electrical double layer interaction of surfaces immersed in 2:1 calcium electrolyte (1993)

Interactions between charged surfaces immersed in aqueous calcium solutions were measured using the surface force apparatus and the atomic force microscope. With the surface force apparatus, good agreement with previously reported measurements was found for mica surfaces in dilute solutions up to 0.1 M. However, at higher concentrations large discrepancies were observed. Compared to the earlier work, the strength of the force was lower by two or three orders of magnitude and the range was diminished. Experiments using the atomic force microscope indicated similar force-distance profiles for the interaction between silicon nitride and mica. With this technique concentrations as high as 5 M can be investigated, and owing to the small radius of curvature much higher pressures can be recorded. Results obtained by both methods confirm that the force is strongly attractive at very small surface separations, in agreement with the theoretical predictions based on calculations of ion correlations. Just outside of that interval the interaction is repulsive, and it can be quantitatively explained by taking into account the adsorption of hydrated ions onto the surface (sign reversal of the effective surface charge) and the layering of co- and counterions. At larger surface separations, the behavior indicates a balance between the double layer repulsion and the van der Waals attraction (the presence of a secondary minimum).