gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Major Portal of Entry of Koi Herpesvirus in <i>Cyprinus carpio</i> Is the Skin (2009)

Koi herpesvirus (KHV), recently designated Cyprinid herpesvirus 3, is the causative agent of a lethal disease in koi and common carp. In the present study, we investigated the portal of entry of KHV in carp by using bioluminescence imaging. Taking advantage of the recent cloning of the KHV genome as a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC), we produced a recombinant plasmid encoding a firefly luciferase (LUC) expression cassette inserted in the intergenic region between open reading frame (ORF) 136 and ORF 137. Two viral strains were then reconstituted from the modified plasmid, the FL BAC 136 LUC excised strain and the FL BAC 136 LUC TK revertant strain, including a disrupted and a wild-type thymidine kinase (TK) locus, respectively. In vitro, the two recombinant strains replicated comparably to the parental FL strain. The FL BAC 136 LUC TK revertant strain was shown in vitro to induce a bioluminescent signal allowing the detection of single positive cells as early as 24 h postinfection, while in vivo, it induced KHV infection in carp that was indistinguishable from that induced by the parental FL strain. To identify the KHV portal of entry, carp were analyzed by bioluminescence imaging at different times postinfection with the FL BAC 136 LUC TK revertant strain. These analyses demonstrated that the skin of the fish covering the fins and also the body is the major portal of entry for KHV in carp. Finally, to further demonstrate the role of the skin as the KHV portal of entry, we constructed an original system, nicknamed "U-tube," to perform percutaneous infection restricted to the posterior part of the fish. All the data obtained in the present study demonstrate that the skin, and not the gills, is the major portal of entry for KHV in carp.
Nerve growth factor-induced growth of sympathetic axons into the optic tract of mature mice is enhanced by an absence of p75NTR expression (1999)

Postganglionic sympathetic axons display a remarkable ability for new collateral growth in response to local increases in nerve growth factor (NGF). Elevating NGF levels within the brain also induces the directional growth of sympathetic axons, but not within myelinated pathways of adult mammals. In this investigation, we provide in vivo evidence that sympathetic axons are capable of NGF-induced collateral growth through the microenvironment of mature myelinated pathways, especially in the absence of the p75 neurotrophin receptor (NTR). In transgenic mice overexpressing NGF centrally and expressing p75NTR, only a few varicose sympathetic axons invade the optic tract after the first month of postnatal life. In other transgenic mice overexpressing NGF centrally but lacking p75NTR expression, the incidence of sympathetic axons within this myelinated tract substantially increases. Moreover, numerous unmyelinated sympathetic axons cluster together to form large processes extending through the optic tract; such structures are first seen 8 weeks after birth. Only these large axon bundles display prominent immunostaining for GAP-43, which is preferentially localized to the sympathetic fibers, since nonmyelinating Schwann cells are not associated with these axon bundles. These data provide the first direct evidence that sympathetic axons are indeed capable of NGF-induced collateral growth into myelinated tracts of mature mammals, and that their continued growth through this microenvironment is markedly enhanced by the absence of p75NTR expression. We propose that p75NTR among sympathetic axons may either directly or indirectly limit collateral branching of these fibers in response to increased levels of NGF.
Recent advances in navigation of underwater remotely operated vehicles (2014)

A review of the most significant technical papers related to the navigation of underwater remotely operated vehicles is presented, with special interest in aided inertial navigation. Sensors used for implementation, fusion algorithms and models that describe the navigation systems are presented. From this review, it was concluded that the implementation of an estimator, based on the vehicle kinematic and dynamic models, limits the growth of the estimated error, even in case that the only available information is that provided by an inertial measurement unit.
Estrogen Increases Spine Density in Ventromedial Hypothalamic Neurons of Peripubertal Rats (1991)

Using the single-section Golgi impregnation technique, sex differences in hypothalamic ventromedial (VMN) neurons of gonadectomized juvenile and peripubertal rats were assessed. The effect of estrogen treatment on VMN neurons was also investigated. Juvenile rats were gonadectomized at 16 days of age and peripubertal rats at 36 days. At 5 days after surgery, the rats were injected with estradiol benzoate (20 micrograms/kg) or sesame oil for 2 days after which they were perfused and the brains processed for Golgi impregnation. Estradiol benzoate treatment significantly increased dendritic and soma spine density in juvenile and peripubertal male and female rats. A sex difference was observed in oil- and in estradiol-treated rats, with females exhibiting higher dendritic spine density and a greater response to estrogen priming. Moreover, dendritic and soma spine density was significantly higher in juvenile versus peripubertal rats. It is possible that the sex difference observed in dendritic and soma spine density and in the response to estradiol benzoate treatment is due to an organizational effect of sex steroids.
Effect of Cyclization of Polystyrene/Polyisoprene Block Copolymers on Their Micellar Morphology (2002)

Micelles made from linear polystyrene-block-polyisoprene (PS/PI) in decane are spherical. The differences in the structure of micelles made from linear and cyclic PS/PI were investigated using small-angle X-ray scattering at rest and under shear flow. The effect of shear revealed that micelles made from cyclic copolymer chains have an elongated shape, which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The cyclization of diblock copolymer chains is thus a new method to control the micellar morphology.
Studies of Some Strained-Ring Systems: Tricyclo-Octanes (1979)

<p>The present study has been directed towards the synthesis and base promoted rearrangements of some saturated and unsaturated halogenotricyclo-octanes. The preparation of a number of previously unknown 4,4,8- and 4,4,8,8-tetra-halogeno-anti-tricyclo[5,1,0,03,5]- octanes and the corresponding 3,3,8-tri- and 3,3,8,8-tetra-halogeno-anti-tricyclo[5,1,0,02,4] octanes has been accomplished and the stereo-chemistries of their ring systems established. The former tricyclo-octanes are base sensitive and on treatment with potassium t-butoxide give rise to mixtures of (E) - and (Z) -Beta-t-butoxystyrenes. However, the anti-tricyclo[5,1,0,02,4] octanes give no characterisable products on treatment with base. The mechanistic implications of the tricycle-octane - styrene conversion have been studied in some detail and halogenocyclo-octatetraenes and phenylacetylenes have been eliminated as intermediates. The behaviour of several methoxy-substituted 4,4,8,8-tetrahalogeno-anti-tricyclo[5,1,0,03,5] octanes with the same base has been studied, and it has been found that homotropilidenes are formed regiospecifically by 1,4-elimination. These conversions constitute the first known examples of such elimination experienced by ring-fused halogenocyclopropanes. From these studies, evidence is presented which implicates homotropilidenes and bicyclo[4,2,0]octa-2,4-dienes as intermediates in the production of styrenes, and a mechanism for the tricyclo-octane - styrene rearrangement has been proposed. A new and potentially versatile synthesis of 3,3-dihalogeno-anti tricyclo[5,1,0,02,4] oct-5-enes (anti-bishomobenzenes) has been developed. The new route employs readily available starting materials, involves sequential introduction of the cyclopropyl, gem-dihalogenocyclopropyl, and olefinic moieties and proceeds in an overall yield of about 14%. This represents a five-fold increase over the previously reported yields.</p>
Composites from Commingled Polyethylene Terephthalate, High-Density Polyethylene and Newspaper Fibers (1997)

In this investigation it was demonstrated that composites made from commingled polyethylene terephthalate (PET), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and newspaper fiber showed incompatibility among all components. Statistical analysis revealed a significant contribution of HDPE and fiber to energy consumption; HDPE, PET and fiber had disparate influences on tensile strength. HDPE was significantly low at the 99% confidence level, and fiber was significantly higher at the 5% confidence level. The three individual components had significant effects on Young's modulus at the 99% confidence level. However, the interaction of the three components had no significant effect on tensile strength or modulus. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis revealed the appropriate dispersion of PET or fiber in the HDPE matrix and poor interfacial adhesion. Methods of improving the interfacial interaction are discussed.
Genetic Variant at the <i>GLUL</i> Locus Predicts All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (2015)

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs10911021 at the glutamate-ammonia ligase (GLUL) locus has been associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The effect of this SNP on mortality was investigated among 1,242 white subjects with type 2 diabetes from the Joslin Kidney Study (JKS) (n = 416) and the Gargano Mortality Study (GMS) (n = 826). During a mean follow-up of 12.8 ± 5.8 and 7.5 ± 2.2 years, respectively, a total of 215 and 164 deaths were observed in the two studies. In both cohorts, the all-cause mortality rate significantly increased with the number of rs10911021 risk alleles, with allelic hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.32 (95% CI 1.07-1.64, P = 0.01), 1.30 (1.10-1.69, P = 0.04), and 1.32 (1.12-1.55, P = 0.0011), respectively, in the JKS, the GMS, and the two studies combined. These associations were not affected by adjustment for possible confounders. In the JKS, for which data on causes of death were available, the HR for cardiovascular mortality was 1.51 (1.12-2.04, P = 0.0077) as opposed to 1.15 (0.84-1.55, P = 0.39) for mortality from noncardiovascular causes. These findings point to SNP rs10911021 as an independent modulator of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and, together with the previous observation, suggest that this results from an effect of this variant on cardiovascular risk.
RF System-on-Package (SOP) Development for compact low cost Wireless Front-end systems (2002)

This paper presents the development of RF System-on-Package (SOP) architectures for compact and low cost wireless radio front-end systems. A novel 3D integration approach for SOP-based solutions for wireless communication applications is proposed and utilized for the implementation of a C band Wireless LAN (WLAN) RF front-end module by means of stacking LTCC substrates using μBGA technology. Results from the characterization and the modeling of RF vertical board-to-board transitions using μBGA process are presented for the first time. LTCC designs of high-performance multilayer embedded bandpass filters and novel stacked cavity-backed patch antennas are also reported. In addition, the fabrication of very high Q-factor inductors and embedded filter in organic substrates demonstrate the satisfactory performance of multilayer organic packages.
Hardware trade-offs for massive MIMO uplink detection based on Newton iteration method (2017)

Massive or large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is an emerging technology for wireless communications and a strong candidate for 5G. Massive MIMO schemes demand heavy computations for precoding, channel estimation and data detection due to the volume of involved data and the requirement for operations such as matrix inversion. Several methods have been proposed for matrix inversion, which take into account complexity conceived at operation level. In this paper, we evaluate Newton's iterative method for matrix inversion for massive MIMO data detection at hardware implementation level and we investigate hardware design aspects targeting FPGA implementation. Also, we appraise different numerical representation of data, considering FPGA resources, throughput rate and BER as metrics and we present a practical implementation with near-optimal BER performance.
Assessment of virus infectivity by the immunofluorescent and immunoperoxidase techniques (1975)

The immunofluorescent and immunoperoxidase cell-counting techniques were comparable in precision and reproducibility for the quantitative assessment of influenza virus infectivity. The dose-response function was linear with each procedure, and comparable results were obtained for estimating neutralizing antibodies in antiviral serum.
New world of Gossamer superconductivity (2006)

Abstract The cover picture of this issue of physica status solidi (c) has been taken from the article [1].
Switched-capacitor filters using FDNR-like super capacitances (1980)

Switched-capacitor networks have become very attractive for the MOS/LSI realization of analog sampled-data filters. The work presented in this paper shows that the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l/p</tex> transformation where <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p =(1 -z^{-2})/ {\tau}</tex> can be performed for such filters similarly to Bruton's <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/s</tex> transformation for analog continuous networks. An analog sampled-data filter based on this principle has been designed and implemented using discrete components.
A new synthesis of phthalides by internal trapping in ortho-lithiated carbamates derived from benzylic alcohols (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new synthesis of phthalides by internal trapping in ortho-lithiated carbamates derived from benzylic alcoholsM. Rita Paleo, Carlos Lamas, Luis Castedo, and Domingo DominguezCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 7, 2029–2033Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00033a024RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views369Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (698 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Human CSF GABA Concentrations: Revised Dowd for Controls, but Not Decreased in Huntington's Chorea (1982)

gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations were measured in CSF specimens from two large groups of control subjects, one without neurological or psychiatric disease, and one with a variety of neurological disorders not known to involve altered GABAergic function in brain. CSF GABA was also measured in patients with Huntington's chorea and in patients with other choreiform disorders. GABA was measured in CSF by a modification of the ion exchange-fluorometric method that featured use of a relatively large cation exchange column, and a markedly decreased quantity of sulfosalicylic acid for deproteinization of CSF. Mean BABA concentrations in CSF were 87 and 77 nmol/liter for neurologically normal and abnormal control subjects, 82 nmol/liter for the Huntington's chorea patients, and 105 nmol/liter for patients with other forms of chorea. The mean concentration of homocarnosine was not reduced in CSF of Huntington's chorea patients as compared with controls. Mean CSF GABA concentrations found in control subjects were less than half the lowest control means previously reported. These low values are attributable in part to a reduction in on-column hydrolysis of conjugated forms of GABA in CSF, which can be produced by excessive sulfosalicylic acid, and in part to improved chromatographic resolution of GABA from other unknown o-phthalaldehyde-reactive compounds in CSF. Analysis of free GABA in CSF does not appear useful for diagnosis of suspected Huntington's chorea, nor as a possible predictive test for persons genetically at risk for Huntington's chorea.
Non-destructive in Situ Measurement of Aquaponic Lettuce Leaf Photosynthetic Pigments and Nutrient Concentration Using Hybrid Genetic Programming (2021)

Phytopigment and nutrient concentration determination normally rely on laboratory chemical analysis. However, non-destructive and onsite measurements are necessary for intelligent closed environment agricultural systems. In this study, the impact of photosynthetic light treatments on aquaponic lettuce leaf canopy (Lactuca sativa var. Altima) was evaluated using UV-Vis spectrophotometry (300-800 nm), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (4000-500 per cm), and the integrated computer vision and computational intelligence. Hybrid decision tree and multigene symbolic regression genetic programming (DT-MSRGP) exhibited the highest predictive accuracies of 80.9%, 89.9%, 83.5%, 85.5%, 81.3%, and 83.4% for chlorophylls a and b, β-carotene, anthocyanin, lutein, and vitamin C concentrations present in lettuce leaf canopy based on spectro-textural-morphological signatures. An increase in β-carotene and anthocyanin concentrations verified that these molecular pigments act as a natural sunscreen to protect lettuce from light stress and an increase in chlorophylls a and b ratio in the white light treatment corresponds to reduced emphasis on photon energy absorbance in chloroplast photosystem II. Red-blue light induces chlorophyll b concentration while white light promotes all other pigments and vitamin C. It was confirmed that the use of the DT-MSRGP model is essential as the concentration of phytopigment and nutrients significantly change during the head development and harvest stages.
Theoretical Investigation on Coupling Behaviour of Semiconductor / Glass Meander Coupler (1992)

The possibility to enhance the spectral performance of the recently developed meander coupler [1] as narrow band wavelength sensitive multiplexer/ demultiplexer is investigated. The device is a strongly asymmetric codirectional coupler with a periodic waveguide variation (grating) for phase matching for one center-wavelength.
Health of the Cadets at West Point (1850)

and it would require a very accurate sense of taste to decide which was f"rotnt he cod and which from the pollock.Dr. Maskell's suggestion, in regard to physicians in the several towns where oil is manufactured, offers a guarantee against imposition.-Ed.
Measurements of Phytoplankton of Sub-Nanomolar Chlorophyll Concentrations by a Modified Double-Modulation Fluorometer (1999)

A modification of the double-modulation fluorometer is described that allows measuring very dilute phytoplankton samples. The high sensitivity is achieved by increasing the sample volume and by collecting the fluorescence from the large volume by an integrating sphere. The sensitivity of the instrument increased approximately proportionally to the volume of the sample. A further improvement of the sensitivity was achieved by replacing the PIN photodiode of the earlier versions by a photomultiplier. The instrument was used to measure fluorescence induction, F0 and Fm parameters, and QA -reoxidation kinetics at concentrations at and below 100 pM chlorophyll.
Effect of converting enzyme inhibition by enalapril on sodium homeostasis in the rat. (1984)

The effect of oral treatment with the converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril on sodium homeostasis was investigated in the rat. Treatment by enalapril prior to and during a 6 day period following abrupt suppression of dietary Na+ was associated with a sodium wasting state (urinary Na+ always exceeded intake during the observation period) and blunting by 90% of the aldosterone response to Na+ restriction In rats on chronic low Na+ intake, enalapril produced a slight, transient natriuresis together with a marked increase in drinking volume. In Na+ replete rats, enalapril had no influence on sodium balance. Converting enzyme inhibition markedly impaired the systemic and renal response to Na restriction and enalapril had no natriuretic effect in the Na+ replete state.
[Analysis of the causes of failure in the treatment of simple traumatic epidural hematomas]. (1990)

In the course of 5 years (1983-1987) in the North Bohemian region 88 patients were operated on account of epidural haematoma (EDH). The majority of patients (71%) were treated in a regional hospital. Computed tomography made it possible to divide the group into associated and simple EDH. In the submitted paper the authors discuss only simple EDH, as associated injuries modify the clinical picture. Of 34 simple EDH 85.3% had an atypical course. Alcohol, different localizations of the haematoma or concurrent polytraumatism were the most frequent cause of an atypical course and thus a late diagnosis. These are in the authors' opinion the most frequent causes of failure. Supporting factors were shortcomings in the organization and restricted transport facilities. The finding of an ipsilateral cranial fracture was more typical for the diagnosis of EDH than the presence of the classical triad. The mortality in simple EDH was 26.5% and the morbidity also 26.5%. Only those patients died who were operated in areactive motor unconsciousness--i.e. late.
The Dynamics of Myogenin Site-specific Demethylation Is Strongly Correlated with Its Expression and with Muscle Differentiation (2001)

The molecular mechanisms underlying the activation of tissue-specific genes have not yet been fully clarified. We analyzed the methylation status of specific CCGG sites in the 5'-flanking region and exon 1 of myogenin gene, a very important myogenic differentiation factor. We demonstrated a loss of methylation, at the onset of C2C12 muscle cell line differentiation, limited to the CCGG site of myogenin 5'-flanking region, which was strongly correlated with the transcriptional activation of this gene and with myogenic differentiation. The same CCGG site was also found to be hypomethylated, in vivo, in embryonic mouse muscle (a myogenin-expressing tissue), as opposed to nonmuscle (nonexpressing) tissues that had a fully methylated site. In a C2C12-derived clone with enhanced myogenic ability, demethylation occurred within 2 h of induction of differentiation, suggesting the involvement of some active demethylation mechanism(s) that occur in the absence of DNA replication. Exposure to drugs that inhibit DNA methylation by acting on the S-adenosylmethionine metabolism produced a further reduction, to a few minutes, in the duration of the demethylation dynamics. These effects suggest that the final site-specific DNA methylation pattern of tissue-specific genes is defined through a continuous, relatively fast interplay between active DNA demethylation and re-methylation mechanisms.
ChemInform Abstract: New Reactions of Copper Acetylides: Catalytic Dipolar Cycloadditions and Beyond (2011)

Abstract Review: 132 refs.