gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeting cells for drug and gene delivery: Emerging applications of mannans and mannan binding lectins (2009)

This review outlines exclusive applications of mannose, mannan conjugates, and their specific interacting proteins (macrophage mannose receptors, dendritic cell receptors) in gene delivery and drug targeting, and their scope in development of targeted delivery systems.
Experimental study of igition and propagation of laser-supported detonation waves (1974)

Laser-supported detonation waves have been studied with 15-J 56-MW/cm2 laser pulses from a CO2 Marx Bank laser. A smooth spatial and temporal laser beam profile was repeatable from pulse to pulse. Ignition thresholds for laser-supported detonation waves were determined from relative reflected power and from framing camera photographs for many solid and liquid surfaces. Some of these thresholds were measured as functions of density of the medium (air) from 0.01 to 1 times atmospheric density. The velocities of laser-supported detonation waves were studied to determine their dependence on laser beam intensity and medium density for conditions above the ignition thresholds of aluminum and lead surfaces. Streak camera photographs displayed clearly defined wavefronts whose initial velocities were constant until they were affected by decreasing laser beam intensities. When the temporal intensity changes in the beam and its focused geometry are included in calculations using the Raizer model for laser-supported detonation waves to predict the wavefront motion, excellent agreement with the streak camera photographs was found. The initial velocity data are shown to agree with a power law in which velocity is proportional to (intensity/medium density)0.41±0.02. No explanation is proposed for the difference of the power law exponent from the 1/3 value predicted by the Raizer model.
Rainfall Measurements Due to Radio Frequency Signal Attenuation at 2 GHz (2018)

In this paper we present an experimental validated system for measuring rainfall due to radio frequency (RF) signal attenuation at 2 GHz. Measurements took place in Ioannina, NW Greece, starting in April 2015 and lasting for twelve months. The primary acquired extensive results have shown reliable and accurate measurements for rainfall amounts smaller than 1 mm for 5 min periods. The very important innovation is that this paper presents significant earth-to-earth measurements due to rainfall attenuation (at 2 GHz) in order to act as a map for future investigation and as a prior knowledge for the behavior of other systems operating at frequencies around S-band.
Interventions for chronic blepharitis (2012)

Despite identifying 34 trials related to treatments for blepharitis, there is no strong evidence for any of the treatments in terms of curing chronic blepharitis. Commercial products are marketed to consumers and prescribed to patients without substantial evidence of effectiveness. Further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of such treatments. Any RCT designed for this purpose should separate participants by type of condition (e.g. staphylococcal blepharitis or MGD) in order to minimize imbalances between groups (type I errors) and to achieve statistical power for analyses (prevent type II errors). Medical interventions and commercial products should be compared with conventional lid hygiene measures, such as warm compresses and eyelid margin washing, to determine effectiveness, as well as head-to-head to show comparative effectiveness between treatments. Outcomes of interest should be patient-centered and measured using validated questionnaires or scales. It is important that participants be followed long-term, at least one year, to assess chronic outcomes properly.
Universes for generic programs and proofs in dependent type theory (2003)

We show how to write generic programs and proofs in MartinL of type theory. To this end we consider several extensions of MartinL of&apos;s logical framework for dependent types. Each extension has a universe of codes (signatures) for inductively de ned sets with generic formation, introduction, elimination, and equality rules. These extensions are modeled on Dybjer and Setzer&apos;s nitely axiomatized theories of inductive-recursive de nitions, which also have universes of codes for sets, and generic formation, introduction, elimination, and equality rules. Here we consider several smaller universes of interest for generic programming and universal algebra. We formalize one-sorted and many-sorted term algebras, as well as iterated, generalized, parameterized, and indexed inductive de nitions. We also show how to extend the techniques of generic programming to these universes. Furthermore, we give generic proofs of reexivity and substitutivity of a generic equality test. Most of the definitions in the paper have been implemented using the proof assistant Alfa for dependent type theory.
Stimulated Brillouin fiber-optic laser gyroscope (1991)

We achieved simultaneous bidirectional lasing in an all-fiber ring laser, using stimulated Brillouin scattering as the gain medium. The Brillouin lasing threshold was 60 microW for a He-Ne pump at 1.15 microm. The operation of this device as a ring-laser gyroscope was demonstrated.
Effects of proton irradiation and ageing on the superconducting properties of single crystalline and polycrystalline MgB<sub>2</sub> (2003)

We present magnetisation data on crystalline and polycrystalline MgB2 before and after irradiation with ~1MeV protons. In the virgin crystal the critical current density is below our noise floor of 103A/cm2 over most of the field range. However, after irradiation a peak occurs in the current density as a function of applied magnetic field as the upper critical field Hc2 is approached. After subsequent ageing over a time period of three months, the peak effect is greatly enhanced, exhibiting much stronger pinning over a wide field range, and the upper critical field is approximately doubled, accompanied by a 2K reduction in transition temperature. Similar studies were made on polycrystalline fragments, where irradiation leads to an increased irreversibility field (Jc is enhanced at high fields but decreased at low fields) and a suppression in transition temperature. However, after two years of ageing both parameters returned towards those of the virgin sample.
Validation of a robust and sensitive method for detecting hydroxyl radical formation together with evoked neurotransmitter release in brain microdialysis (2007)

Sodium terephthalate was shown to be a new robust and sensitive chemical trap for highly reactive oxygen species (hROS), which lacks the drawbacks of the salicylic acid method. Reaction of the almost non-fluorescent terephthalate (TA2-) with hydroxyl radicals or ferryl-oxo species resulted in the stoichiometric formation of the brilliant fluorophor, 2-hydroxyterephthalate (OH-TA). Neither hydrogen peroxide nor superoxide reacts in this system. This procedure was validated for determining hROS formation during microdialysis under in vivo conditions as well as by in vitro studies. The detection limit of OH-TA in microdialysis samples was 0.5 fmol/muL. Derivatization of samples with o-phthalaldehyde, for amino acid detection, had no effect on OH-TA fluorescence, which could easily be resolved from the amino acid derivatives by HPLC, allowing determination in a single chromatogram. Use of terephthalate in microdialysis experiments showed the neurotoxin kainate to evoke hROS formation in a dose-dependent manner. The presence of TA2- in the perfusion fluid did not affect basal or evoked release of aspartate, glutamate, taurine and GABA. Assessment of cell death 'ex vivo' showed TA2- to be non-toxic at concentrations up to 1 mM. The in vitro results in the Fenton system (Fe2+ + H2O2) indicate a mechanism whereby TA2- forms a primary complex with Fe2+ followed by an intramolecular hydroxylation accompanied by intramolecular electron transfer.
Icing Tunnel Experiments with a Hot Air Anti-Icing System (2008)

Experiments were conducted at the NASA Glenn Icing Research Tunnel with a 60-in chord business jet wing equipped with a hot air ice protection system. Tests were performed for warm hold, cold hold and descent icing conditions representative of in-flight icing. Bleed air flow and system parameters tested included range of hot air temperatures and mass flows, two piccolo configurations and insulation material. The main objective of the experimental study was to generate a detailed database for the development and validation of thermal and icing analysis codes. The wing model was instrumented with 205 temperature and pressure sensors to monitor wing leading edge skin temperatures and interior bleed air system flow properties. Selected experimental results for the warm hold case are presented in this paper to demonstrate the effects of piccolo hot air mass flow and temperature on system performance and runback ice accretions. The experimental results also include the effects of angle of attack, airspeed, piccolo hole pattern and leading edge skin insulation on wing skin temperature distributions for wet and dry external flow conditions.
The CCL5/CCR5 axis promotes interleukin‐6 production in human synovial fibroblasts (2010)

The present results suggest that the interaction between CCL5 and CCR5 increases IL-6 production in human synovial fibroblasts via the PKCδ/c-Src/c-Jun and AP-1 signaling pathways.
Effect of inhaled substance P and neurokinin A on the airways of normal and asthmatic subjects. (1987)

The neuropeptides substance P and neurokinin A are present in sensory airway nerves. Their effect on airway calibre was compared in six healthy non-smoking subjects and six asthmatic subjects. On separate days increasing concentrations (from 10(-9) to 10(-6) mol/ml) of each neuropeptide were administered by nebuliser and the airway response measured as change in specific airway conductance (sGaw). Substance P and neurokinin A caused no change in sGaw in the healthy subjects. Inhalation of substance P up to the highest concentration of 10(-6) mol/ml caused no change in sGaw in the asthmatic subjects. Neurokinin A, however, caused bronchoconstriction with a mean fall in sGaw of 48% (SEM 12%) after 5 x 10(-7) mol/ml. The onset of bronchoconstriction was rapid, but sGaw had returned to baseline values within one hour in all but one patient.
Effects of vitrification of immature bovine oocytes on in vitro maturation (2005)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ethylene glycol (EG) concentration, equilibration time, and the use of two disaccharides in the vitrification solution used on immature bovine oocytes that were thawed and then matured in vitro. Factorial combinations of the following were tested: three equilibration solutions (ES), containing 3, 20 or 40% EG; three equilibration times, 0.5, 5 or 15 min; and two vitrification solutions (VS), containing 40 % EG + 1.0 M trehalose or 40 % EG + 1.0 M sucrose. The control treatment had fresh, non-vitrified oocytes maturated in vitro. The total number of immature oocytes distributed across the 19 treatments was 2103. The combination VS with sucrose, an equilibration time of 5 min, and a ES
Inversive pseudorandom number generators (1995)

Stochastic simulation requires a reliable source of randomness. Inversive methods are an interesting and very promising new approach to produce uniform pseudorandom numbers. In this paper, we present evidence that these methods are an important contribution to our toolbox. We survey the outstanding performance of inversive pseudorandom number generators in theoretical and empirical tests, in comparison to linear generators. In addition, this paper contains tables of parameters to implement inversive congruential generators.
Stereochemistry of tropane quaternizations (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereochemistry of tropane quaternizationsA. T. Bottini, U. O. De la Camp, C. C. Thut, J. Gal, and A. G. BellettiniCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 2, 324–326Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00967a034https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00967a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views81Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Integrated Work Flow of Preserving Facies Realism in History Matching: Application to the Brugge Field (2016)

Summary Data assimilation with ensemble-based inversion methods was successfully applied for parameter estimation in reservoir models. However, in certain complex-reservoir models, it remains challenging to estimate the model parameters and to preserve the geological realism simultaneously. In particular, when handling special-reservoir model parameters such as facies types concerning fluvial channels, one must realize that geological realism becomes one of the key concerns. The main objective of this work is to address these issues for a complex field with a newly extended version of a recently proposed facies-parameterization approach coupled with an ensemble-based data assimilation method. The proposed workflow combines the new facies parameterization and the adaptive gaussian mixture (AGM) filter into the data assimilation framework for channelized reservoirs. To handle discrete-facies parameters, we combine probability maps and truncated Gaussian fields to obtain a continuous parameterization of the facies fields. For the data assimilation, we use the AGM filter, which is an efficient history matching approach that incorporates a resampling routine that allows us to regenerate facies fields with information from the updated probability maps. This work flow is evaluated, for the first time, on a complex field case—the Brugge field. This reservoir model consists of layers with complex channelized structures and layers characterized by reservoir properties generated with variograms. With limited prior knowledge on the facies model, this work flow is shown to be able to preserve the channel continuity while reducing the reservoir model uncertainty with AGM. When applied to a complex reservoir, the proposed work flow provides a geologically consistent and realistic reservoir model that leads to improved capability of predicting subsurface flow behaviors.
Characterization of two human small cell lung carcinoma-reactive monoclonal antibodies generated by a novel immunization approach. (1984)

Two human small cell lung carcinoma cell lines, NCI-H69 and NCI-H128, were used as alternating sources of immunogen to generate monoclonal antibodies to small cell lung carcinoma-associated antigens. BALB/c mice were sensitized with seven injections of live tumor cells, four with NCI-H69 cells and three with NCI-H128 cells. Somatic cell hybridization was performed by fusion of the immune murine splenocytes using syngeneic myeloma cells from the SP2/0 Ag14 cell line. Hybridoma colonies were screened against small cell lung carcinoma cells and normal lung fibroblasts with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Compared to animals immunized with only NCI-H69 or NCI-H128 cells, alternate immunization resulted in the generation of a significantly higher number of hybridomas that reacted selectively with both tumor cell lines. Monoclonal antibodies from two reactive hybrid clones generated by alternate immunization, SCLC 2051 and SCLC 5023, were uniformly negative to normal human tissues including lung, kidney, liver, spleen, breast, thyroid, brain, small intestine, and colon. While both monoclonal antibodies were nonreactive to paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed, nonmalignant lung biopsies, the monoclonal antibody SCLC 5023 reacted with tumor cell infiltrates in biopsies from small cell lung carcinoma patients (14 of 14 cases positive), using the immunoperoxidase technique. This monoclonal reagent also reacted with other lung tumor cell types, including atypical carcinoid (5 of 5 positive), epidermoid (4 of 6 positive), undifferentiated and bronchoalveolar (3 of 4 cases each positive) carcinomas. By contrast, monoclonal antibody SCLC 2051 apparently identified an antigen expressed preferentially on small cell lung carcinoma cells (12 of 14 positive) and only rarely reacted with other lung tumor cell types (2 of 34 positive). Both monoclonal antibodies were negative to colon carcinoma, epidermoid carcinoma of the floor of the mouth, breast adenocarcinoma, and B- and T-cell leukemia and lymphoma cells, as determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indirect immunofluorescence, and immunoperoxidase techniques. These observations suggest that SCLC 2051 and SCLC 5023 may be of value in identifying tumor-associated antigens expressed in small cell and other lung carcinomas. In addition, the generation of antibody-producing cells towards common tumor-associated antigens may be enhanced by immunization with multiple tumor cell lines of the same histological type.
Neuroactive steroid modulation of GABAA receptors. (1995)

In summary, the discovery of neuroactive steroids has led to a new appreciation of endocrine-nervous system interactions. The modulation of GABAA receptors by steroid hormone metabolites has far-reaching physiological and pharmacological implications, including relevance to human psychiatric and neurological problems (Fig. 7): I. MECHANISM OF GENERAL ANESTHESIA (Alphaxalone) II. GABA TONE IN SOME REGIONS (e.g., caudate) III. ANTI-ANXIETY ACTIVITY: (Post-partum depression, premenstrual syndrome?) (New drugs?) IV. CHILDBIRTH V. ANTIEPILEPTIC ACTIVITY (New drugs?) VI. REGIONAL HETEROGENEITY (Receptor subtypes) VII. PARTIAL AGONISTS (Better clinical profile?) FIG. 7. Implications of GABAA receptor as a nongenomic CNS target of steroids.
Causes of Death in Patients With Celiac Disease in a Population-Based Swedish Cohort (2003)

The elevated mortality risk for all causes of death combined reflected, for the most part, disorders characterized by immune dysfunction.
Polymer-Encapsulated Gold-Nanoparticle Dimers: Facile Preparation and Catalytical Application in Guided Growth of Dimeric ZnO-Nanowires (2008)

Rational assembly of nanoparticles is of vital importance for exploring fundamental electronic and optical properties and for constructing novel nanoscale devices. Through controlling aggregation kinetics, dimers and trimers of gold nanoparticles were generated and encapsulated with polymer by using a one-pot synthesis that involved simple heating and cooling. Dimers of gold nanoparticles were enriched from the resulting solution by centrifugation. The polymer shells maintain the stability of the nanoparticle organization, preventing aggregation and disintegration during subsequent purification, enrichment, and application. A typical enriched sample showed that the dimer population reached 61% among 989 nanoparticles surveyed. In a proof-of-concept application, the gold nanoparticle dimers were used as catalyst to guide the growth of dimeric zinc oxide nanowires. Nanowire dimers with unprecedented narrow spacing (20 to 60 nm) were achieved using a vapor transport growth method; dimeric nanowire population reached approximately 25%.
Red-edge response to forest leaf area index (1995)

Abstract Hypotheses were tested on the relation between forest leaf area index (LAI), high-spectral resolution reflectance data, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the red-edge position (REP). Data were collected using a helicopter-mounted spectroradiometer over stands with LAI varying from 5.6 to 110. Linear correlations with reflectance were weak in the red and near-infrared regions and there was no significant relation with the NDVI above an LAI of 6. A strong non-linear correlation was found between plot LAI and the REP (r = 0.91) and it is suggested that this index may be complementary to the NDVI for forest LAI estimation.
Volume holographic storage demonstrator based on phase-coded multiplexing (1998)

We present the design and realization of a compact volume holographic memory based on phase-coded multiplexing. Due to the use of nonmechanical reference beam changes in this multiplexing technique, rapid access of the stored data pages is achieved. Our system can reach a maximum storage capacity up to 480 data pages with a resolution of 640/spl times/480 pixels in a single interaction region of a photorefractive LiNbO/sub 3/ crystal. We present the implementation of the system and first experimental results of both, high-resolution analog image storage and digital data storage. The storage of 180 data pages is demonstrated as well as the application of the system to real-time optical image processing.
Improved PNC Selection Criteria and Process for IEEE802.15.3 [Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks] (2007)

IEEE 802.15.3 is a standard that supports high data rate for wireless personal area networks. It implements a centralized topology for network monitoring and control. The centralized piconet coordinator (PNC) needs to be dynamically selected depending on a number of categories that measure its abilities as the most capable device compared to the surrounding devices in the network. This article presents an extension to the PNC selection criteria in IEEE 802.15.3 by modifying the reserved fields readily available in the standard to support user-centricity as well as other higher layer service dependent criteria. This article also develops the implementation process for the message header exchange between devices to support this new selection process. In addition, simulations are carried out that show the proof of concept of the manner in which this new criteria could be implemented in IEEE 802.15.3.
Novel Application of Emulsified Acids to Matrix Stimulation of Heterogeneous Formations (2000)

Summary Historically, emulsified acids have primarily been used in fracture acidizing. By combining information from theoretical studies, experimental studies, and field testing, a better understanding has recently been gained of the application of emulsified acids in matrix acidizing. This paper discusses the use of emulsified acid as a stimulation fluid for matrix treatments in heterogeneous carbonate formations. Emulsified acid is diffusion retarded which makes it an effective wormholing fluid at low injection rates that occur, for example, in low permeabiliy or damaged formations. At these low rates, plain HCl acid will mostly spend on the formation face and is unable to create wormholes that penetrate deep into the formation. In this paper, results of flow tests are presented that compare the efficiency of emulsified acid with that of plain HCl acid. Several emulsified acid systems were tested. The effects of the injection rate, viscosity, and acid/oil volume ratio were analyzed on core samples. Rheological properties and temperature stability (up to 250°F) of the emulsion systems were analyzed by means of Fann-50 tests. Acid-in-oil emulsions are effective stimulation fluids in large intervals where streaks of high permeability can act as thief zones. This is shown by means of example calculations of the fluid flow and distribution in a well.