gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applications of Surface Initiated ATRP to the Preparation of Polyelectrolyte Brushes for Antifouling, Adhesion Control, Friction Control (2012)

Polyelectrolytes show unique characteristics at aqueous interfaces. High-density hydrophilic polyelectrolyte brushes were prepared on Si-wafer and various substrates by surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization. Chain dimension at liquid/solid interface was characterized by neutron reflectivity. Applications of polymer brushes to super hydrophilic surface, antifouling surface, water lubrication layer and adhesion control layer are presented.
The NIH BD2K center for big data in translational genomics (2015)

The world's genomics data will never be stored in a single repository - rather, it will be distributed among many sites in many countries. No one site will have enough data to explain genotype to phenotype relationships in rare diseases; therefore, sites must share data. To accomplish this, the genetics community must forge common standards and protocols to make sharing and computing data among many sites a seamless activity. Through the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health, we are pioneering the development of shared application programming interfaces (APIs) to connect the world's genome repositories. In parallel, we are developing an open source software stack (ADAM) that uses these APIs. This combination will create a cohesive genome informatics ecosystem. Using containers, we are facilitating the deployment of this software in a diverse array of environments. Through benchmarking efforts and big data driver projects, we are ensuring ADAM's performance and utility.
Basic Dilemmas in the Social SciencesHubert M. Blalock Jr. Beverly Hills: Sage, 1984, pp. 184 (1985)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Redox Homeostasis and Cellular Stress Response in Aging and Neurodegeneration (2009)

Decreased expression and/or activity of antioxidant proteins leads to oxidative stress, accelerated aging, and neurodegeneration. While overwhelming levels and uncontrolled/dysregulated actions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) lead to deleterious effects, tighter regulation of those plays an important role in cell signaling. Mutations causing protein misfolding and the overload of toxic products derived from the free radical oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, cholesterol, and glucose contribute to the disruption of the cellular redox homeostasis. Collectively or individually, these effects create pro-oxidant conditions in cells. Oxidative stress can induce neuronal damage, modulate intracellular signaling, and can ultimately lead to neuronal death by apoptosis or necrosis. Emerging evidence indicates that homocysteine (Hcy), a non-protein amino acid naturally present in the plasma, is implicated as a risk factor for numerous diseases. In particular, increased levels of circulating Hcy have been recognized as an independent risk factor for the development of vascular disease(s). Recent findings emphasize a relationship between elevated Hcy levels and neurodegeneration, which can be observed in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. An integrated response exists in the brain to detect and control diverse forms of stress. This is accomplished by a complex network of the so-called longevity assurance processes, which are controlled by several genes termed "vitagenes." Among these, the heat-shock proteins (HSPs) form a highly conserved system that is responsible for the preservation and repair of the correct protein conformation. Recent studies have shown that the heat-shock response (HSR) contributes to cytoprotection in a number of human diseases including inflammation, cancer, aging, and neurodegenerative disorders. Given the broad cytoprotective properties of the HSR, interest mounts currently among investigators toward discovering and developing pharmacological agents capable of inducing HSR. L: -Acetylcarnitine (LAC) is proposed as a therapeutic agent for several neurodegenerative disorders and also current evidence suggests that the compound may play a critical role in the modulation of cellular stress response in health and disease conditions. Here, we review the emerging salient concepts highlighting the pathways of neurodegeneration and the role of LAC in modulating the redox-dependent mechanisms responsible for the upregulation of vitagenes in brain that leads to the enhancement of stress tolerance in brain.
Effects of selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors on conditioned avoidance responses (CAR) of rats. (1980)

Dopamine (DA) insufficiency in the ipsilateral corpus striatum produced by unilateral electrolytic lesion of the substantia nigra (SN) resulted in an impairment in rats' behavior as tested by one-way and two-way avoidance techniques. Selective MAO-A inhibitor, clorgyline (1 mg/kg sc daily for 7 days), improved the reduced learning capacity of SN lesioned animals, restored the decreased DA content in the corpus striatum, and caused significant hyperactivity as tested in the open field. At the same time the selective MAO-B inhibitor (-)deprenyl (injected the same way) proved to be ineffective. J-508, a selective MAO-B inhibitor, used in a non-selective dose (1 mg/kg), acted like clorgyline. The results support the hypothesis that in the rat nigrostriated system (but not in human beings) DA is preferentially deaminated by the A form of MAO.
Appendix D: Thermal Response of a Laser Diode (2009)

This appendix contains sections titled: Pulse Response in the Time Domain Response in the Frequency Domain
Fast Gradient‐Assisted 2‐D Spectroscopy in Conjunction with Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The DNP Stand-Alone-Polarizer Dissolution and Transfer DNP Mechanisms Principle of Fast Gradient-Assisted 2D Spectroscopy Fast HSQC Spectroscopy with Hyperpolarized 13C Spin Systems Signal Post-Processing Conclusions Acknowledgments
Effect of Biolex β-HP on selected parameters of specific and non-specific humoral and cellular immunity in rats. (2010)

The experimental material comprised 20 adult Wistar rats aged 12 weeks, divided into two equal groups (control and experimental) including five males and five females each. From the first day of the experiment, the experimental group was fed Murigran feed supplemented with β-1,3/1,6-D-glucan (Biolex Beta-HP) at a dosage of 12-19 mg/rat/d, depending on body weight, while the control animals were administered the same feed without any additives. On days 1 and 14 of the experiment, arterial blood samples were collected and diluted with heparin, and then the following parameters were determined: total protein and γ-globulin contents, lysozyme and ceruloplasmin activities, the proliferative response of blood lymphocytes after stimulation with LPS or ConA, metabolic activity, and the potential killing activity of phagocytes. The results showed that Biolex–Beta HP modulated the selected parameters of specific and non-specific humoral and cellular immunity in rats.
Reactivity of Contact Allergenic Haptens to Amino Acid Residues in a Model Carrier Peptide, and Characterization of Formed Peptide-Hapten Adducts<sup>1</sup> (2003)

The type of chemical reaction between hapten and carrier protein in the formation of a complete antigen in vivo giving rise to an allergic contact dermatitis (ACD, type IV allergy) is essentially unknown. About 4000 low-molecular organic compounds are known to have allergenic properties. alpha,beta-Unsaturated carbonyl structures are frequently present among these compounds. Haptens giving rise to antibody formation and type I allergy have been shown to add predominantly to lysine in the carrier protein. In this paper, the reactivity of activated type IV haptens to a model peptide is reported. Essentially all amino acids with nucleophilic properties were present in the model peptide. Investigation of the relative reactivities of the amino acid residues to activated haptens under biomimetic conditions is performed in order to determine the proportions between the adducts of the different amino acid moieties. In all cases, the electrophilic alpha,beta-unsaturated haptens were found to be added to the cysteine residue and no lysine adduct was recorded. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to exclude steric hindrance of any amino acid residue in the addition reaction. The hapten-modified peptides were isolated and characterized by NMR and mass spectrometry.
Thresholds of Etchable Track Formation and Chemical Damage Parameters in Poly(ethylene terephthalate), Bisphenol A polycarbonate, and Poly(allyl diglycol carbonate) Films at the Stopping Powers Ranging from 10 to 12,000 keV/µm (2012)

The damage structure of latent tracks in poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) has been examined by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) measurements. Results are compared with those from previous studies on bisphenol A polycarbonate (PC) and poly(allyl diglycol carbonate) (PADC). These polymers are exposed to protons and heavy ions (He, C, Ne, Si, Ar, Fe, Kr, and Xe) in air with energies less than 6 MeV/n, as well as gamma rays from an intense Co-60 source. Chemical damage parameters, namely, damage density, which is the number of losses of considered functional groups per unit length of tracks, radial size of the track core, in which the considered chemical groups are lost, and radiation chemical yields (G values) for each group are evaluated as a function of the stopping power. It has been confirmed that latent tracks will be etchable when the radial track core size is larger than the distance between two adjacent breaking points of polymer chains. The predominant breaking points are the C–O bonds in ether, ester, and carbonate ester bonds.
What can be Learned from Silage Breeding Programs? (2007)

Improving the quality of cellulosic ethanol feedstocks through breeding and genetic manipulation could significantly impact the economics of this industry. Attaining this will require comprehensive and rapid characterization of large numbers of samples. There are many similarities between improving corn silage quality for dairy production and improving feedstock quality for cellulosic ethanol. It was our objective to provide insight into what is needed for genetic improvement of cellulosic feedstocks by reviewing the development and operation of a corn silage breeding program. We discuss the evolving definition of silage quality and relate what we have learned about silage quality to what is needed for measuring and improving feedstock quality. In addition, repeatability estimates of corn stover traits are reported for a set of hybrids. Repeatability of theoretical ethanol potential measured by near-infrared spectroscopy is high, suggesting that this trait may be easily improved through breeding. Just as cell wall digestibility has been factored into the latest measurements of silage quality, conversion efficiency should be standardized and included in indices of feedstock quality to maximize overall, economical energy availability.
New optical properties of MgO after MeV metal ion implantation (1999)

The implantation of metal ions into single crystals of MgO(100) followed by thermal annealing leads to an increase in absorption of ultra violet and visible light. Metal ions of Au, Sn, Ag, Cu and Ti were implanted at a depth of a few thousand Angstroms followed by thermal annealing. MgO samples implanted with He and Si ions at greater depths were used to study the optical effects and thermal annealing of radiation damage. The influence of bombardment fluence and heat treatment on the size of the metal clusters and on the fraction of atoms in clusters were measured using absorption photospectrometry.
CO<sub>2</sub> Capture with Physical Solvent Dimethyl Carbonate at High Pressures (2010)

The constant-volume method is used to determine the solubility of CO2 in dimethyl carbonate (DMC) under the pressure of 6 MPa and the temperature variations from (280.7 to 327.66) K in this paper. It is found by contrast that DMC has greater ability to dissolve CO2 than propylene carbonate and methanol at the same temperature. Furthermore, the solubility of CO2 in DMC at room temperature 298.47 K is close to that of methanol at 263.15 K. Therefore, DMC is expected to become an effective and low-cost absorbent for precombustion CO2 capture.
Ram accelerator direct space launch system - New concepts (1992)

The ram accelerator, a chemically driven ramjet-in-tube device is a new option for direct launch of acceleration-insensitive payloads into earth orbit. The projectile is the centerbody of a ramjet and travels through a tube filled with a premixed fuel-oxidizer mixture. The tube acts as the cowl of the ramjet. A number of new concepts for a ram accelerator space launch system are presented. The velocity and acceleration capabilities of a number of ram accelerator drive modes, including several new modes, are given. Passive (fin) stabilization during atmospheric transit is investigated and found to be promising. Gasdynamic heating in-tube and during atmospheric transit is studied; the former is found to be severe, but may be alleviated by the selection of the most suitable drive modes, transpiration cooling, or a hydrogen gas core in the launch tube. To place the payload in earth orbit, scenarios using one impulse and three impulses (with an aeropass) and a new scenario involving an auxiliary vehicle are studied. The auxiliary vehicle scenario is found to be competitive regarding payload, and requires a much simpler projectile, but has the disadvantage of requiring the auxiliary vehicle.
A Density Functional Theory Study of the Cu<sup>+</sup> · O<sub>2</sub> and Cu<sup>+</sup> · N<sub>2</sub> Adducts (2012)

The geometries and harmonic vibration frequencies of the Cu + ·O 2 and Cu + ·N 2 are determined by various density functional theory (DFT) methods employing different basis sets. The potential energy surfaces (PES) are examined. The Cu + ·O 2 adduct exhibits a bent structure with a binding energy of 12.4 kcal mol −1 , whereas Cu + ·N 2 exhibits a linear configuration with a binding energy of 23.5 kcal mol −1 . The binding energy values for the two adducts agree well with the available published experimental and theoretical data and hence are reliable.
Initial Steps of Amyloidogenic Peptide Assembly Revealed by Cold‐Ion Spectroscopy (2017)

The early stages of fibril formation are difficult to capture in solution. We use cold-ion spectroscopy to examine an 11-residue peptide derived from the protein transthyretin and clusters of this fibre-forming peptide containing up to five units in the gas phase. For each oligomer, the UV spectra exhibit distinct changes in the electronic environment of aromatic residues in this peptide compared to that of the monomer and in the bulk solution. The UV spectra of the tetra- and pentamer are superimposable but differ significantly from the spectra of the monomer and trimer. Such a spectral evolution suggests that a common structural motif is formed as early as the tetramer. The presence of this stable motif is further supported by the low conformational heterogeneity of the tetra- and pentamer, revealed from their IR spectra. From comparison of the IR-spectra in the gas and condensed phases, we propose putative assignments for the dominant motif in the oligomers.
EHDS are serine phosphoproteins: EHD1 phosphorylation is enhanced by serum stimulation (2008)

Endocytic processes are mediated by multiple protein-protein interacting modules and regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. The Eps15 homology domain containing protein 1 (EHD1) has been implicated in regulating recycling of proteins, internalized both in clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytic pathways, from the recycling compartment to the plasma membrane. EHD1 was found in a complex with clathrin, adaptor protein complex-2 (AP-2) and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), and was shown to interact with Rabenosyn-5, SNAP29, EHBP1 (EH domain binding protein 1) and syndapin I and II. In this study, we show that EHD1, like the other human EHDs, undergoes serine-phosphorylation. Our results also indicate that EHD1 is a serum-inducible serine-phosphoprotein and that PKC (protein kinase C) is one of its kinases. In addition, we show that inhibitors of clathrin-mediated endocytosis decrease EHD1 phosphorylation, while inhibitors of caveolinmediated endocytosis do not affect EHD1 phosphorylation. The results of experiments in which inhibitors of endocytosis were employed strongly suggest that EHD1 phosphorylation occurs between early endosomes and the endocytic recycling compartment.
Isotope Effect on Electron-Phonon Interaction in Multiband Superconductor MgB2 (2016)

We investigate the effect of isotope substitution on the electron-phonon interaction in the multi-band superconductor MgB2 using tunable laser based Angle Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy. The kink structure around 70 meV in the $\sigma$ band, which is caused by electron coupling to the E2g phonon mode, is shifted to higher binding energy by ~3.5 meV in Mg(10)B2 and the shift is not affected by superconducting transition. These results serve as the benchmark for investigations of isotope effects in known, unconventional superconductors and newly discovered superconductors where the origin of pairing is unknown.
Switch Phenomena in Molecular Three-Centre Electron Transfer Systems with Strong Electronic-Vibrational Coupling (1993)

Abstract Three-centre molecular and supramolecular electron transfer (ET) is important in device-like function of organized assemblies of bridge-group separated donor and acceptor units in solid-state or electrochemical systems. Other areas are solid-state phonon-kick charge capture, electrochemical ET via adsorbates or film impurities, large adsorbate STM, and long-range ET in redox metalloproteins. Optical three-level analogues are molecular Raman scattering and two-photon absorption. Three-level ET behaviour rests on coupling to environmental nuclear motion. A frame is second order perturbation theory including full vibrational manifolds in all three states. We discuss such a formalism. Common superex-change is recovered for high intermediate state energies while vibrationally unrelaxed state population emerges for low energies. These limits are separated by finite resonances in characteristic “switch” patterns. Intermediate state vibrational friction is briefly addressed and we note some biological and synthetic systems to which the formalism is appropriate.
OVERVIEW OF VEHICLE MODELS, DYNAMICS, AND CONTROL APPLIED TO AUTOMATED VEHICLES (1991)

This paper reviews research efforts for automatic guided vehicles (AGV's), autonomous land vehicles (ALV's), and automated highway vehicles (AHV's), focusing on current vehicle models and control strategies. Future research needs in the area of AHV's are also discussed.
High current post-hydrogenated chemical vapor deposited amorphous silicon <i>p</i>-<i>i</i>-<i>n</i> diodes (1982)

Amorphous silicon p-i-n diodes have been fabricated for the first time by chemical vapor deposition and post-hydrogenation in a hydrogen plasma. By analyzing the current-voltage characteristics we obtain current densities up to 50 A/cm2 and rectification ratios better than 107 for 3-V applied bias. A characteristic reversible breakdown voltage is observed up to voltages of ∼20 V. These results are compared with those obtained on amorphous silicon p-i-n diodes prepared by glow discharge decomposition of SiH4.
Novel spark-gap switch design for pulsed power applications (2005)

A critical component for pulsed power sources is the switch. Main related issues are life-time, stability, cost, repetition rate, hold-off voltage and current ratings. This paper discusses these problems, presents a high repetition rate (1-1000 pps), large average power (1-10 kW), and long-life time spark-gap switch. Due to its coaxial design, the inductance of the switch is low, enabling fast switching, i.e. less than 5 ns voltage rise-time. The switch is used with a LCR trigger circuit. It is observed that the switch has a good stability, and its lifetime is estimated to be in the order of 4·1010 shots. (6 pages)
Concept study for the next generation medium-energy gamma-ray astronomy mission: MEGA (2003)

A new telescope for Medium Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy, MEGA, is being developed for the energy band 0.4 - 50 MeV as a successor to COMPTEL on CGRO. MEGA aims to improve the sensitivity for astronomical sources by at least an order of magnitude with respect to past instruments and will fill a severe sensitivity gap between already scheduled hard-X-ray and high-energy gamma-ray missions. MEGA records and images gamma rays by completely tracking Compton and pair creation events in a stack of double sided Si-strip track detectors surrounded by a pixelated CsI calorimeter. MEGA will have an effective area of ~100 square cm, a large field of view of ~130 degrees, angular resolution of ~2 degrees, and energy resolution of ~8% (all FWHM at ~2 MeV). Key science objectives for MEGA are the investigation of cosmic high-energy accelerators, nucleosynthesis sites with gamma-ray lines, and the mapping of large-scale structures in the Galaxy and beyond. If operated on a zenith pointing satellite MEGA will be an ideal continuous all-sky monitor for transient sources. This paper describes the development of a small scale prototype and the concept of a space mission for MEGA.
Relationship of Glycosyltransferases and mRNA Levels to Ganglioside Expression in Neuroblastoma and Melanoma Cells (1999)

Most human neuroblastoma tumors are characterized by the high expression of GD2 (or GD2 and/or GM2) gangliosides, whereas melanomas characteristically express GD3 ganglioside. The molecular basis for these patterns was investigated by examining the relationship between ganglioside levels, glycosyltransferase (GM2/GD2 synthase and GD3 synthase) activity, and corresponding mRNA levels in a panel of human neuroblastoma and melanoma cell lines. In general, the ganglioside patterns could be explained by the levels of the transferases and their mRNA, indicating control at the level of transcription. A key role was noted for GD3 synthase. Notably, it was found that neuroblastoma cell lines with high GD2 ganglioside levels had low levels of GD3, its synthase, and mRNA for the enzyme even though this step provides the substrate for GD2 synthesis. The key role for GD3 synthase was also examined by stably transfecting GD3 synthase cDNA into a neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) not expressing GD3 and GD2. The resulting cell line had high levels of GD2 ganglioside and altered morphology and growth characteristics.
LGG-04. CLINICO-HISTO-MOLECULAR LANDSCAPE OF EIGHTY-TWO PEDIATRIC AND YOUNG ADULT DYSEMBRYOPLASTIC NEUROEPITHELIAL TUMORS (2019)

Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT) belongs to low-grade neuroepithelial tumors, which encompasses a large spectrum of tumors, including recently genetically described entities. DNTs are stable tumors but rare progressive DNTs have been reported and the different histological subtypes recognized by the WHO classification (simple/complex specific DNT [spe-DNT]; non-specific DNT [ns-DNT]) have been depicted before the molecular biology era. The classification scheme for these tumors still needs to be clarified using the recent molecular advances. We subjected a monocentric series of 82 DNTs, including 22 spe-DNTs showing tumor progression,to DNA methylation profiling and searched for BRAF/FGFR1alterations. BRAF/FGFR1wild-type tumors and progressive DNTs were further analyzed by RNA/whole-exome sequencing, FISH and targeted sequencing. Integrative analyses along histopathology and imaging was performed.LGG-DNT methylation class was assigned to 92% of spe-DNTs. Clustering analysis identified a cluster enriched in progressive DNTs, harboring FGFR1disruption or not,showing histopathological and copy number changes at progression. The ns-DNT corresponded to a biologically heterogeneous group of tumors, with 25% lacking DNA-methylation class assignation and frequently harboring BRAF/MYBL1/FGFR2structural variants.