gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells and MMP-9 as diagnostic salivary biomarkers in oral lichen planus. (2013)

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by a dense subepithelial lymphocytic infiltrate, degeneration of basal keratinocytes and basement membrane disruption. Non-specific mechanisms include mast cell degranulation and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activation in OLP lesions. These mechanisms may combine to cause T-cell accumulation in the superficial lamina propria, basement membrane disruption, intra-epithelial T-cell migration, and keratinocyte apoptosis in OLP. Obviously, abnormality of immunological regulation may contribute to its pathogenesis. This study aimed at evaluating the role of salivary CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells & Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP.9) as salivary biomarkers in patients with OLP. Twenty patients with various forms of OLP were investigated: 8 with bullous erosive form, 7 with atrophic and 5 with reticular forms. From each patient saliva was collected, and used for assessment of salivary T regulatory cells by immunoflourescent and MMP9 expression by quantitative RT-PCR. Nine out of the twenty patients showed CD4+CD25+ Tregs in saliva by immunoflourescent staining with sensitivity (90%), specificity (83.3%) and diagnostic accuracy (87.5%). molecular detection of salivary MMP-9 levels in CD4+CD25+ Tregs +ve cases showed a significant increase in CD4+CD25+ Tregs +ve cases. In conclusion, salivary CD4+CD25+ T regs and MMP-9 could be considered as sensitive and specific diagnostic & prognostic biomarkers in the detection of OLP.
Three-dimensional polarization splitter and rotator based on multi-layer Si<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf>-on-SOI platform (2016)

We propose a three-dimensional polarization splitter and rotator with high fabrication tolerance and CMOS BEOL compatibility, achieving a high TE-TE transmission and TM-TE conversion efficiency of -0.21dB and -0.63dB at 1310nm, respectively.
BIOGENESIS, ARCHITECTURE, AND FUNCTION OF BACTERIAL TYPE IV SECRETION SYSTEMS (2005)

Type IV secretion (T4S) systems are ancestrally related to bacterial conjugation machines. These systems assemble as a translocation channel, and often also as a surface filament or protein adhesin, at the envelopes of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. These organelles mediate the transfer of DNA and protein substrates to phylogenetically diverse prokaryotic and eukaryotic target cells. Many basic features of T4S are known, including structures of machine subunits, steps of machine assembly, substrates and substrate recognition mechanisms, and cellular consequences of substrate translocation. A recent advancement also has enabled definition of the translocation route for a DNA substrate through a T4S system of a Gram-negative bacterium. This review emphasizes the dynamics of assembly and function of model conjugation systems and the Agrobacterium tumefaciens VirB/D4 T4S system. We also summarize salient features of the increasingly studied effector translocator systems of mammalian pathogens.
战术指挥官谈阿富汗“持久自由行动”的经验 (2009)

本文是美军一名战术指挥官从自己的亲身经历出发来评述阿富汗“持久自由行动”的特点和经验教训，视角极为独特，对我们认识美军在阿富汗战争中遭遇的处境极有帮助。作者从部署前的训练谈起，涉及部队部署后的环境、战术层面的战场信息作战、金钱与反恐、交战原则，以及美军如何与当地民众接触等内容，在这些第一手感性认识的基础上，提出了战术指挥官应借鉴和遵循的经验原则，最后提出了其个人对战争和战场变化的看法。
AQUEOUS DISPERSION POLYMERIZATION OF ACRYLAMIDE IN AMMONIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION WITH WATER-SOLUBLE CHITOSAN AS A STABILIZER (2011)

The cationic polyelectrolyte of P(CMTC-DMC-AM) was synthesized by dispersion polymerization in aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, using acrylamide (AM) and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate methyl chloride (DMC) as main raw materials, N-carboxymethylthioureidochitosan (CMTC) as both one of reactants and the stabilizer, 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (V-50) as the initiator. The effects of the major reaction variables, such as the mass proportion of CMTC and the monomers, the mass ratio between monomers and the total amount of the reactants were investigated. In addition, the product was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. The results showed that CMTC had participated in the polymerization process with DMC and AM by the function of initiator under certain conditions. The product agglomerated when the mass proportion of CMTC, AM and DMC was less than 0.67:6.0:6.0, while particles would be flocculated due to the flocculation action of CMTC when the proportion was up to 0.67:4.0:4.0. The molecular weight increased with the increase of DMC, but the product agglomerated when the proportion of AM to DMC was less than 3:8. The total concentration of CMTC, AM and DMC also influenced the polymerization enormously. At high concentrations, the dispersion was disturbed by agglomeration due to coalescence or cross-linking of the polymer chains. At lower concentration, the molecular weight greatly decreased, due to insufficient adsorption of monomers on the particles. The optimum reaction conditions for obtaining a stable aqueous dispersion were concentrations of 0.67 g, 5.5 g and 5.5 g per 100 mL de-ionized water for CMTC, AM and DMC, respectively, under the conditions of 32 g for ammonium chloride and 0.0105 g for initiator and reaction temperature of 60°C for 5 h.
Ultra-High Vacuum Compatibility Measurements of Materials for the CHICSi Detector System (2003)

A series of outgassing measurements were performed in order to select ultra-high vacuum compatible materials for the construction of the CHICSi detector system.
Second-Order Filter Distribution Approximations for Financial Time Series With Extreme Outliers (2006)

Particle filters are regularly used to obtain the filter distributions associated with state–space financial time series. The most common use today is the auxiliary particle filter (APF) method in conjunction with a first-order Taylor expansion of the log-likelihood. We argue that for series such as stock returns, which exhibit fairly frequent and extreme outliers, filters based on this first-order approximation can easily break down. However, an APF based on the much more rarely used second-order approximation appears to perform well in these circumstances. To detach the issue of algorithm design from problems related to model misspecification and parameter estimation, we demonstrate the lack of robustness of the first-order approximation and the feasibility of a specific second-order approximation using simulated data.
Aggregator analysis for efficient day-time charging of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2011)

The introduction of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) will result in the synergy of the transportation sector and the electric power sector. The widespread use of PHEVs over the next few years will result in a great number of benefits to the electric power sector as well as have significant environmental benefits. Utilizing Vehicle to Grid (V2G) technology, the PHEV will be able to feed power into the grid. The V2G feature will also enable the PHEV user to earn revenue. However, multiple V2G transactions between vehicle and grid could result in battery degradation. Smart aggregator action coupled with a thorough understanding of battery models is the key to ensuring that a balance is obtained between the need for profit and ensuring the proper maintenance of battery health parameters. In this paper the optimal charging profile is calculated using Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO). The charge trajectory of the Li-ion battery is analyzed with respect to the number of V2G transactions that take place between 9 AM to 5 PM.
¿Alianza de Civilizaciones o “Alianza de los Civilizados”? (2006)

It is presented an alternative biological method based on biomineralization mechanisms of Magnetotactic Bacteria (MTB) for the removal in groundwater, of soluble elements such as Fe<sup>+2</sup>and Mn<sup>+2</sup>. In first place, it was compared the effectiveness of MTB retention methods for obtention of concentrated volumes in microorganisms, then, it was carried out an inoculation process in groundwater samples and evaluate the removal rate of Fe<sup>+2</sup> and Mn<sup>+2</sup> in constant conditions of pH and temperature. It was identified electromagnetic method is more efficient in MTB retention, and that the inoculation processes of an enriched solution with MTB in groundwater samples allow to get average removal rates of 47.86% for Fe<sup>+2</sup> and 15.26% for Mn<sup>+2</sup>. In addition, it was evaluated the removal rate of other metals due to magnetic properties of biominerals inside of MTB magnetosome. The highest removal in all cases occurred between the interval of 3 and 5 min of interaction and tended to stabilize in time.
Management strategies for persistent epithelial defects of the cornea (2014)

Management of patients with persistent epithelial defects of the cornea can be challenging to even the seasoned ophthalmologist. It is essential that one understands not only the pathophysiology of the failure of the epithelium to migrate and close a wound appropriately, but also the mechanism of action of the available treatment modalities at one's disposal. This article serves as a review of current standard therapies, recently introduced alternative therapies gaining in popularity, and a look into the newest developments that may change the way we manage corneal surface disease.
Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Optical Properties of Non-centrosymmetric Borate,Bi_2ZnB_2O_7 (2007)

A non-centrosymmetric borate, Bi2ZnB2O7, has been prepared by solid-state reactions at temperature below 700℃. The single-crystal X-ray structural analysis showed that it crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pba2 with a=1.0819(2)nm,b=1.1023(2)nm,c=0.4890(1)nm,Z=4.It has a three dimensional (3D) structure in which [B2O5]4- and [B2O7]8- groups are bridged by [ZnO4]6- tetrahedra through sharing O atoms to form 2D 2∞[ZnB2O7]6- layers that are further bridged by Bi3+ cations giving rise to the final 3D framework. The IR spectrum confirms the presence of both [BO3]3- and [BO4]5- groups,second-harmonic-generation measurements display a response of about 4×KDP(KH2PO4), and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectrum shows an absorption edge at about 360 nm.
Use of growth factors during induction therapy for acute myeloid leukemia. (1996)

The use of colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains controversial. Potential uses include shortening the period of neutropenia, inducing leukemic cells into the S-phase of the cell cycle, stem cell protection, inducing differentiation of leukemic cells, interrupting autocrine/paracrine loops, direct inhibition of leukemogenesis, and enhancing antimicrobial function. Data from the nine controlled studies of CSFs that have been reported between 1990 and 1995, with varying patient characteristics and other factors, indicate that growth factors have several uses in AML therapy. The published literature now suggests that the safety of CSFs is no longer a major clinical concern, and significant experience has been gained in reducing the period of neutropenia following induction therapy. Yeast-derived granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor appear to be effective and probably have an important role in the management of older adult patients with AML and for those patients with a significant risk for therapy-related morbidity and mortality. The use of CSFs as priming agents remains experimental; results of further prospective placebo-controlled studies, with laboratory correlates, are awaited.
Percutaneous closure of paravalvular leak and ventricular septum defect (2011)

We report a case of a patient with history of complicated infective endocarditis. Following aortic valve replacement, he developed heart failure symptoms related to paravalvular leak and ventricular septum defect. Comprehensive multimodality imaging allowed planning a simultaneous closure of both with a single device. Successfully accomplished procedure resulted in significant abatement of symptoms and reduction of ventricles dilatation.
Toward A Thousand Lights: Decentralized Deep Reinforcement Learning for Large-Scale Traffic Signal Control (2020)

Traffic congestion plagues cities around the world. Recent years have witnessed an unprecedented trend in applying reinforcement learning for traffic signal control. However, the primary challenge is to control and coordinate traffic lights in large-scale urban networks. No one has ever tested RL models on a network of more than a thousand traffic lights. In this paper, we tackle the problem of multi-intersection traffic signal control, especially for large-scale networks, based on RL techniques and transportation theories. This problem is quite difficult because there are challenges such as scalability, signal coordination, data feasibility, etc. To address these challenges, we (1) design our RL agents utilizing ‘pressure’ concept to achieve signal coordination in region-level; (2) show that implicit coordination could be achieved by individual control agents with well-crafted reward design thus reducing the dimensionality; and (3) conduct extensive experiments on multiple scenarios, including a real-world scenario with 2510 traffic lights in Manhattan, New York City 1 2.
The dielectric properties of water in solutions (1953)

J. B. Hasted and S. H. M. El Sabeh, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1953, 49, 1003 DOI: 10.1039/TF9534901003
Effect of homogenization on high temperature deformation behaviour of AA3xxx aluminum alloys (2009)

The effect of homogenization practice and alloy Mn content on the dispersoid density and high temperature constitutive behaviour of AA3xxx aluminum alloys has been studied. Experimental work was conducted on three as-cast alloys with different Mn compositions: AA3102 (0.26 wt% Mn), an intermediate Mn alloy (0.75 wt% Mn), and AA3003 (1.27 wt% Mn). Homogenization treatments were conducted at soak temperatures from 500 to 630°C and times of 1 to 24 hours. The evolution of microstructure during homogenization (at 600°C over a soak time of 24 hours) was characterized using electrical conductivity measurements and optical microscopy. Electrical conductivity measurements were used to estimate the variation of Mn in solid solution during homogenization. Qualitative observations of constituent particle morphology and dispersoid precipitation/dissolution were made. Compression tests were conducted using a Gleeble 3500 thermomechanical simulator at strain rates (0.1 to 10s-1) and deformation temperatures (300 to 600°C) experienced during the industrial extrusion of AA3xxx alloys. Yield stress, flow stress, and work hardening results were obtained from the compression tests and a physically-based constitutive model was employed to describe the results. The model was used to quantify the effect of homogenization practice and alloy Mn content on constitutive behaviour. Homogenized microstructure observations were combined with model results to determine the effect of dispersoid density on constitutive behaviour. Extrusion trials were performed on Rio Tinto Alcan’s state-of-the-art research extrusion press located at the Alcan Research and Development Center in Jonquiere, Quebec. AA3102 and AA3003 alloys were extruded in as-cast and homogenized conditions at temperatures of 400 and 500°C. Extrusion pressure results were used to develop a relationship between extrusion pressure and flow stress.
Germanium and its Inorganic Compounds. (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGermanium and its Inorganic Compounds.Otto H. JohnsonCite this: Chem. Rev. 1952, 51, 3, 431–469Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60160a002https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60160a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1466Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Polysubstituted 1,10-Phenanthrolines and Bipyridines as Multiple Range Redox Indicators (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolysubstituted 1,10-Phenanthrolines and Bipyridines as Multiple Range Redox IndicatorsW. W. Brandt and G. F. SmithCite this: Anal. Chem. 1949, 21, 11, 1313–1319Publication Date (Print):November 14, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 14 November 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60035a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60035a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views554Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Data Acquisition, Analysis and Transmission Platform for a Pay-As-You-Drive System (2010)

This paper presents a platform used to acquire, analyse and transmit data from a vehicle to a Control Centre as part of a Pay-As-You-Drive system. The aim is to monitor vehicle usage (how much, when, where and how) and, based on this information, assess the associated risk and set an appropriate insurance premium. To determine vehicle usage, the system analyses the driver's respect for speed limits, driving style (aggressive or non-aggressive), mobile telephone use and the number of vehicle passengers. An electronic system on board the vehicle acquires these data, processes them and transmits them by mobile telephone (GPRS/UMTS) to a Control Centre, at which the insurance company assesses the risk associated with vehicles monitored by the system. The system provides insurance companies and their customers with an enhanced service and could potentially increase responsible driving habits and reduce the number of road accidents.
Beta-blockers and depression. Evidence against an association (1992)

Ongoing beta-blocker use was not causally related to markers of depression. The difference between this study and those it contradicts is that this one identified certain confounding variables that accounted for the apparent relationship.
Comprehensive Review of Medicinal Marijuana, Cannabinoids, and Therapeutic Implications in Medicine and Headache: What a Long Strange Trip It's Been … (2015)

The literature suggests that the medicinal use of cannabis may have a therapeutic role for a multitude of diseases, particularly chronic pain disorders including headache. Supporting literature suggests a role for medicinal cannabis and cannabinoids in several types of headache disorders including migraine and cluster headache, although it is primarily limited to case based, anecdotal, or laboratory-based scientific research. Cannabis contains an extensive number of pharmacological and biochemical compounds, of which only a minority are understood, so many potential therapeutic uses likely remain undiscovered. Cannabinoids appear to modulate and interact at many pathways inherent to migraine, triptan mechanisms ofaction, and opiate pathways, suggesting potential synergistic or similar benefits. Modulation of the endocannabinoid system through agonism or antagonism of its receptors, targeting its metabolic pathways, or combining cannabinoids with other analgesics for synergistic effects, may provide the foundation for many new classes of medications. Despite the limited evidence and research suggesting a role for cannabis and cannabinoids in some headache disorders, randomized clinical trials are lacking and necessary for confirmation and further evaluation.
The design of universal information query system based on SMS (2010)

Information query is an important basic function in MIS. Nowadays cell phones are rapidly growing popularity, thus in order to develop MIS applications, it is very significant to research the way of using messages to the query of MIS system. A design method about universal MIS query system which is based on SMS is introduced in this paper.
Analytic superposition computation method of ring throttle slice deformation on non-uniform pressure (2010)

Based on the actual pressure condition of throttle slice of telescopic shock absorber, the non-uniform pressure was decompounded into a uniform pressure and a linearity non-uniform pressure. With the boundary and the continuity conditions, the general solution of throttle-slice deformation curved surface's differential equation on a linearity non-uniform pressure, was given, and by mathematical transformation, the deformation analytic formula was established. With the superposition principle, the deformation analytic formula of throttle slice on non-uniform pressure was established. With the practical example, the deformation of throttle slice on non-uniform pressure at any radius was computed, and was testified by ANSYS, the value computed is close to that simulated, and the relative deviation is only 0.0021%. The results shows that the method of deformation analysis computation of throttle slice on non-uniform pressure is reliable, which has important reference value for throttle slice thickness design and characteristic simulation modeling of shock absorber.
Improved pre‐characterization method for the random walk based capacitance extraction of multi‐dielectric VLSI interconnects (2015)

Abstract Accurately extracting capacitances among the interconnects in modern multi‐dielectric technology of integrated circuits is a challenging task. The floating random walk (FRW) algorithm is advantageous for capacitance extraction and has been extended by W. Yu et al . to accurately handle multi‐dielectric structures with a pre‐characterization approach. In this paper, we improve this pre‐characterization approach by permitting the cubic transition domains with three or four‐dielectric layers. The techniques of pre‐characterizing and utilizing these multi‐dielectric transition cubes are proposed. Experiments on the test cases under actual manufacture technologies show that the proposed method brings 13× speedup on average, with affordable memory overhead. The experiments also validate the accuracy of the proposed method and reveal the significant error caused by the dielectric homogenization approach in a commercial FRW solver. Finally, on a machine with 12‐core CPU, the parallel FRW algorithm equipped with the proposed pre‐characterization method demonstrates more than 10× speedup of parallelization. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.