gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Page Replacement for Write References in NAND Flash Based Virtual Memory Systems (2014)

Contemporary embedded systems often use NAND flash memory instead of hard disks as their swap space of virtual memory. Since the read/write characteristics of NAND flash memory are very different from those of hard disks, an efficient page replacement algorithm is needed for this environment. Our analysis shows that temporal locality is dominant in virtual memory references but that is not the case for write references, when the read and write references are monitored separately. Based on this observation, we present a new page replacement algorithm that uses different strategies for read and write operations in predicting the re-reference likelihood of pages. For read operations, only temporal locality is used; but for write operations, both write frequency and temporal locality are used. The algorithm logically partitions the memory space into read and write areas to keep track of their reference patterns precisely, and then dynamically adjusts their size based on their reference patterns and I/O costs. Without requiring any external parameter to tune, the proposed algorithm outperforms CLOCK, CAR, and CFLRU by 20%-66%. It also supports optimized implementations for virtual memory systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Substitution Versus Radical Reaction for Carbohydrates Deoxygenation: Application at C‐4 of Methyl‐α‐D‐glucopyranoside Derivatives. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Liquid Phase Oxidation Reactions Catalyzed by Polyoxometalates (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Health-Related Quality of Life and its Determinants in the Urban Russian Population with Major Depressive Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study (2012)

HrQoL is considerably reduced in Russians with major depression. The disease-specific patterns of HrQoL impairment and the independent determinants of HrQoL identified in our study could be addressed in focused healthcare programs and clinical trials. Comorbid drug addiction as a determinant of HrQoL should receive greater attention in the management of depressive disorders in urban Russian populations.
Serious Games for the Pediatric Anklebot (2012)

The goal of Serious Games (SGs) in motor therapy has been established since the early studies with the MIT-Manus robot. It is important to keep the patient engaged during sensorimotor rehabilitation. Here we describe the development of three SGs, namely the Shipwreck, the Race for Noah's Ark, and Soccer 2014. The games are intended to be used with the Pediatric Anklebot and provide an interactive environment to the assist-as-needed robotic therapy for children with Cerebral Palsy ages 5 to 8. As with the games developed for the MIT-Manus robot, the SGs are visually-guided, visually-evoked, easy to play with, and promote training of the impaired ankle in dorsi-plantar flexion and inversion-eversion. The games' goal is to reinforce meaningful play and challenge. We have recently initiated clinical testing employing these games and expect to determine if motor learning model offers a meaningful approach to lower extremity rehabilitation efforts.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2002)

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In-situ laser fenestration of endovascular stent-graft in abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) (2017)

Endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysms repair (EVAR) involves the minimally invasive implantation of a stent-graft within the aorta to exclude the aneurysm from the circulation thus preventing its rupture. The feasibility of such operation is highly dependent on the aorta morphology and in general the presence of one/both renal arteries emerging from the aneurysm is the absolute limit for the implantation of a standard stent-graft. Consequently, classical intervention methods involve the implantation of a custom-made graft with fenestrations, leading to extremely complicated surgeries with high risks for the patient and high costs. Recent techniques introduced the use of standard grafts (i.e. without fenestrations) in association with mechanical in-situ fenestration, but this procedure is limited principally by the brittleness and low stability of the environment, in addition to the difficulty of controlling the guidance of the endovascular tools due to the temporarily block of the blood flow. In this work we propose an innovative EVAR strategy, which involves in-situ fenestration with a fiber guided laser tool, controlled via an electromagnetic navigation system. The fiber is sensorized to be tracked by means of the driving system and, using a 3D model of the patient anatomy, the surgeon can drive the fiber to the aneurysm, where the stent has been previously released, to realize the proper fenestration(s). The design and construction of the catheter laser tool will be presented, togheter with preliminary fenestration tests on graft-materials, including the effects due to the presence of blood and tissues.
Sol-gel holographic recording materials (2007)

The advances in the sol-gel holographic recording materials, namely in the photopolymerizable compositions and photorefractive glasses, are reviewed. A new sol-gel holographic material is also discussed that exploits diffusion of a high-refractive-index MA:Zr complex, with the refractive index modulation of n ∼ 10−2 and negligible scattering.
Molecular analysis of a Leptospira borgpetersenii gene encoding an endoflagellar subunit protein (1991)

A flagellin gene, flaB, from Leptospira borgpetersenii (formerly L. interrogans) serovar hardjo was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Expression of the 32 kDa FlaB protein was dependent upon the lacZ promoter from pUC18. Nucleotide sequence data showed an open reading frame encoding 283 amino acid residues, corresponding to a protein of molecular mass 31.3 kDa. The G + C content of the flaB gene was 54.7 mol%. Comparison of the deduced FlaB amino acid sequence with flagellins from other bacteria revealed a high level of identity with the Treponema pallidum FlaB proteins.
Anticapsin: an active site directed inhibitor of glucosamine-6-phosphate synthetase from Candida albicans. (1986)

L-beta-(2,3-epoxycyclohexanono-4)-alanine, an active fragment of the antibiotic tetaine, identical to the antimetabolite anticapsin, is a powerful inhibitor of partially purified glucosamine-6-phosphate synthetase (2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphate ketol isomerase, aminotransferring, EC 5.3.1.19) from pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. Anticapsin was demonstrated to be a competitive inhibitor of this enzyme with respect to L-glutamine and uncompetitive with respect to D-fructose-6-phosphate. Incubation of anticapsin with glucosamine-6-phosphate synthetase in the absence of glutamine led to the formation of an inactive enzyme, irreversibly modified. The inactivation obeyed saturation kinetics; the determined Kinact was 9.5 X 10(-6) M. Addition of glutamine protected the enzyme against inactivation by anticapsin. Reaction of anticapsin with the enzyme exhibited characteristics of affinity labelling of the glutamine binding site. Probably the inactivation proceeds via an alkylation of cysteine residue at the glutamine binding site.
An assessment of the Humphrey ADE anaesthetic system in the Mapleson A mode during spontaneous ventilation (1984)

The Humphrey ADE anaesthetic breathing system in the Mapleson A mode has been compared with the Magill system in spontaneously breathing conscious volunteers and anaesthetised patients. In the latter, rebreathing occurred at a significantly lower fresh gas flow with the ADE system than when the Magill system was used (mean 45.6 ml/kg/minute and 56.5 ml/kg/minute respectively). There was no significant difference between the fresh gas flow at which rebreathing occurred in conscious volunteers.
Active phantoms: a paradigm for ultrasound calibration using phantom feedback (2017)

In ultrasound (US)-guided medical procedures, accurate tracking of interventional tools is crucial to patient safety and clinical outcome. This requires a calibration procedure to recover the relationship between the US image and the tracking coordinate system. In literature, calibration has been performed on passive phantoms, which depend on image quality and parameters, such as frequency, depth, and beam-thickness as well as in-plane assumptions. In this work, we introduce an active phantom for US calibration. This phantom actively detects and responds to the US beams transmitted from the imaging probe. This active echo (AE) approach allows identification of the US image midplane independent of image quality. Both target localization and segmentation can be done automatically, minimizing user dependency. The AE phantom is compared with a crosswire phantom in a robotic US setup. An out-of-plane estimation US calibration method is also demonstrated through simulation and experiments to compensate for remaining elevational uncertainty. The results indicate that the AE calibration phantom can have more consistent results across experiments with varying image configurations. Automatic segmentation is also shown to have similar performance to manual segmentation.
Affinity of 2-(tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-ylmethyl)- and 2-(isoindolin-2-ylmethyl)imidazolines for .alpha.-adrenoceptors. Differential affinity of imidazolines for the [3H]idazoxan-labeled .alpha.2-adrenoceptor vs the [3H]yohimbine-labeled site (1990)

A series of 2-(tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-ylmethyl)- and 2-(isoindolin-2-ylmethyl)imidazolines were prepared and tested for alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptor affinity with radioligand binding. Several compounds, 5-fluoro-(5h), 5-chloro-(5j), 5,8-dimethoxy- (5r), and 5,8-dimethoxy- (5r),1-methyl- (5s) 2-(tetrahydroisoquinolin-2- ylmethyl)imidazoline, were found to be selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor ligands on the basis of displacement of [3H]yohimbine from rat cerebral cortical membranes. One compound, 2-[(8-chloro tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl)methyl]imidazoline (5m), showed a 36-fold difference in affinity for the [3H]idazoxan-labeled alpha 2-adrenoceptor relative to the [3H]yohimbine-labeled site, which may be evidence for alpha 2-adrenoceptor subtypes.
Characterization of Particulate Matter for Three Sites in Kuwait (2008)

Many studies have shown strong associations between particulate matter (PM) levels and a variety of health outcomes, leading to changes in air quality standards in many regions, especially the United States and Europe. Kuwait, a desert country located on the Persian Gulf, has a large petroleum industry with associated industrial and urban land uses. It was marked by environmental destruction from the 1990 Iraqi invasion and subsequent oil fires. A detailed particle characterization study was conducted over 12 months in 2004-2005 at three sites simultaneously with an additional 6 months at one of the sites. Two sites were in urban areas (central and southern) and one in a remote desert location (northern). This paper reports the concentrations of particles less than 10 microm in diameter (PM10) and fine PM (PM2.5), as well as fine particle nitrate, sulfate, elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and elements measured at the three sites. Mean annual concentrations for PM10 ranged from 66 to 93 microg/m3 across the three sites, exceeding the World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guidelines for PM10 of 20 microg/m3. The arithmetic mean PM2.5 concentrations varied from 38 and 37 microg/m3 at the central and southern sites, respectively, to 31 microg/m3 at the northern site. All sites had mean PM2.5 concentrations more than double the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for PM2.5. Coarse particles comprised 50-60% of PM10. The high levels of PM10 and large fraction of coarse particles comprising PM10 are partially explained by the resuspension of dust and soil from the desert crust. However, EC, OC, and most of the elements were significantly higher at the urbanized sites, compared with the more remote northern site, indicating significant pollutant contributions from local mobile and stationary sources. The particulate levels in this study are high enough to generate substantial health impacts and present opportunities for improving public health by reducing airborne PM.
Iron abundance in the moon from magnetometer measurements (1973)

Apollo 12 and 15 lunar surface magnetometer data with simultaneous lunar orbiting Explorer 35 data are used to plot hysteresis curves for the whole moon. From these curves a whole-moon permeability mu = 1.029 + 0.024 or - 0.019 is calculated. This result implies that the moon is not composed entirely of paramagnetic material, but that ferromagnetic material such as free iron exists in sufficient amounts to dominate the bulk lunar susceptibility. From the magnetic data the ferromagnetic free iron abundance is calculated. Then for assumed compositional models of the moon the additional paramagnetic iron is determined, yielding total lunar iron content. The calculated abundances are as follows: ferromagnetic free iron = 5 + or - 4 wt. percent, and total iron in the moon = 9 + or - 4 wt. percent.
Utilizing Intelligent Oilfield Technology and Production Chemicals to Solve Operational Challenges and Increase Production (2018)

Abstract The Nikaitchuq project on Alaska's remote arctic North Slope incorporates intelligent oilfield technology in the wells and throughout the gathering system and processing facility. Temperature and pressure sensors, level indicators, and flow meters tied into a distributed control system (DCS) are instrumental in completing a comprehensive picture of daily operations and conditions and for allowing operators to make adjustments as events occur. The data from these sensors and meters is historized and streamed from the remote field location to the engineering office 850 miles south. Through the use of this technology, the producer company production team collaborated with a production chemicals provider to identify and trial a chemical solution to solve the operational challenge of bottle-necked production, consequently increasing production. Field data and trends definitively support the efficacy of the product in lowering backpressure on wells, allowing a substantial production gain. Backpressure due to production bottlenecking in the gathering lines inhibited production from wells. With limited resources for manually or operationally removing restrictions, identifying a chemical to decrease the pressure due to friction in the lines was the best prospective option. In many chemical trials, identifying an effective product and quantifying the benefit of the product is difficult. However, use of intelligent oilfield technology enabled each product's effect to be measured and quantified. Prior to the start of the trial, three different production chemicals were prescreened and selected for trial. Each chemical was applied for a set length of time while data was collected and analyzed. Data coming into the DCS in real time enabled the producer company production team to optimize the application rate of each product and determine efficacy and cost efficiency. The wells' bottomhole pressures, the gathering system pressures and temperatures, and the process facility's front-end exchanger differential pressures were all observed to directly assess the efficacy of each product. Furthermore, vessel levels, process temperatures, and sales oil BS&W were monitored to ensure process stability while each new product was introduced to the system. The trial results proved that the backpressure could be relieved chemically. Data collected during the trial allowed the producer company production team to identify one product that outperformed the other two. At optimal rates, Product A relieved 7 psi of backpressure, Product B reduced the back pressure by 35 psi, and Product C reduced the backpressure by 7 psi. Additionally, using the many pressure sensors throughout the gathering system and process, it was possible to identify the restrictive points across which the chemical lowered the differential pressure. Monitoring secondary effects allowed the trial to proceed with minimal negative effects to the overall process.
The Development of Aggressive Cancer: A Possible Role for Sphingolipids (2002)

While the importance of genomic errors in the origin of malignant tumors has long been recognized, it has been appreciated only recently that these errors function in cancer progression [[1]][[2]][...
<i>In vivo</i>behaviour of antibody–drug conjugates for the targeted treatment of cancer (2006)

It is a commonly held belief that most treatments for disseminated cancers are only moderately effective because the agents lack cell-killing mechanisms that act specifically on cancer cells. In antibody-drug conjugates, such nonspecific cytotoxic agents are combined with exquisitely specific monoclonal antibodies that bind to tumour-associated antigens and, thus, get endowed with new pharmacological characteristics. Not only is their activity newly targeted towards tumours and tumour cells, which hopefully renders them more tumour-specific, but they also acquire much of the pharmacokinetic behaviour of the monoclonal antibody component. With the structural composition of a macromolecular protein (the antibody), a small chemical cytotoxic agent and a linker to chemically connect these two molecules, antibody-drug conjugates are some of the most complex pharmacological agents ever developed. Their development over the last 20 years or so owes much to sophisticated in vitro and in vivo preclinical testing. This review attempts to summarise and exemplify many of the factors that had to be considered during the development, with special emphasis on the in vivo pharmacology of these agents.
Neue polymer‐additive, 2. Pigmente und flammhemmer auf basis von modifizierten siliciumdioxiden (1990)

Abstract Styrol‐modifiziertes Siliciumdioxid (SD) wurde mit aromatische Amino‐Gruppen enthaltenden Vinylmonomeren copolymerisiert. Durch Diazotierung des so erhaltenen Amino‐SD und Kupplung mit Phenolen wurden neue Pigmente auf SD‐Basis hergestellt. Pigmente und Flammhemmer wurden auch durch Kondensation der Amino‐SD mit Carboxyl‐Gruppen enthaltenden Farbstoff‐ bzw. Flammhemmer‐Komponenten erhalten. Durch den Einsatz der gepfropften SD sind Additive mit hohem Wirkstoffgehalt zuganglich. Diese neuen Additiv‐Typen auf SD‐Basis, in denen organische Wirkkomponenten durch stabile kovalente Bindungen mit dem anorganischen Additiv SD verknüpft sind, zeichnen sich durch gute Verträglichkeit, hohe Temperaturbeständigkeit und Migrationsechtheit aus.
Visual object tracking system employing fixed and PTZ cameras (2011)

The paper presents a video monitoring system utilizing fixed and PTZ cameras for tracking of moving objects. First type of camera provides image for background modelling, being employed for foreground objects localization. Estimated objects locations
Reversible Carbon−Carbon Double Bond Cleavage of a Ketene Ligand at a Single Iridium(I) Center: A Theoretical Study (2001)

Modeling the chemistry of ketene complex {κ2-(t-Bu)2PCH2P(t-Bu)2}IrCl[η2-(C,C)-Ph2CCO] (1), DFT studies have been carried out for (κ2-H2PCH2PH2)IrCl[η2-(C,C)-H2CCO] (A), for cation (κ2-H2PCH2PH2)Ir[η2-(C,C)-CH2CO]+ (B), for its carbene carbonyl isomer (κ2-H2PCH2PH2)Ir(CH2)(CO)+ (C), and for their interconversion by intramolecular CC double bond cleavage/formation. A qualitative MO analysis from extended Hückel calculations shows the CC cleavage and formation to be symmetry allowed at a d8-ML2 late transition metal template. For the two iridium model complexes B and C the process is calculated by DFT to be reversible, with activation barriers of 17.3 kcal mol-1 toward the more stable carbonyl carbene system and 25.1 kcal mol-1 for the reverse reaction, respectively. This is in line with experimental observations for 1, which generates {κ2-(t-Bu)2PCH2P(t-Bu)2}Ir(CPh2)(CO)+ (3) upon chloride abstraction and regenerates 1 after the addition of chloride. QM/MM calculations of the ONIOM type have been employed for the real systems 1 and 3, to take into account and to evaluate the role of steric effects and to allow a validation of theoretical results by comparing computed and X-ray-determined structures. Contrasting the iridium case, the analogous rhodium ketene complex (κ2-H2PCH2PH2)Rh[η2-(C,C)-CH2CO]+ (G) is computed to be favored by 8.0 kcal mol-1 compared to its carbene carbonyl isomer (κ2-H2PCH2PH2)Rh(CH2)(CO)+ (H), with a barrier of 22.9 kcal mol-1 for the endothermic CC cleavage step. Conceivable dynamic processes were treated theoretically for the temperature dependence of NMR line shapes of carbene complex {κ2-(t-Bu)2PCH2P(t-Bu)2}Ir(CPh2)(CO)+ (3). A comparison with the experimental data suggests a plausible pathway for the observed exchange of the two P centers.
Estimatinf the Term Structure of Interest Rates with Simple and Complex Functional Forms : Nelson a Siegel vs. Longstaff a Schwartz (1994)

The paper compares estimation of spot (zero-coupon) interest rates and implicit forward interest rates from Swedish Treasury bill rates and Government coupon bond yields with two functional forms for the discount function, the simple form of Nelson & Siegel (NS) and the complex form of Longstaff & Schwartz (LS). NS is much easier to use and has much better convergence properties, whereas LS is more flexible. For the data used, estimates with NS and LS are close, with only marginally better fit for LS. The fit of NS seems satisfactory for monetary policy purposes.
Lactococcal Plasmid pNP40 Encodes a Novel, Temperature-Sensitive Restriction-Modification System (2004)

A novel restriction-modification system, designated LlaJI, was identified on pNP40, a naturally occurring 65-kb plasmid from Lactococcus lactis. The system comprises four adjacent similarly oriented genes that are predicted to encode two m(5)C methylases and two restriction endonucleases. The LlaJI system, when cloned into a low-copy-number vector, was shown to confer resistance against representatives of the three most common lactococcal phage species. This phage resistance phenotype was found to be strongly temperature dependent, being most effective at 19 degrees C. A functional analysis confirmed that the predicted methylase-encoding genes, llaJIM1 and llaJIM2, were both required to mediate complete methylation, while the assumed restriction enzymes, specified by llaJIR1 and llaJIR2, were both necessary for the complete restriction phenotype. A Northern blot analysis revealed that the four LlaJI genes are part of a 6-kb operon and that the relative abundance of the LlaJI-specific mRNA in the cells does not appear to contribute to the observed temperature-sensitive profile. This was substantiated by use of a LlaJI promoter-lacZ fusion, which further revealed that the LlaJI operon appears to be subject to transcriptional regulation by an as yet unidentified element(s) encoded by pNP40.