gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Liquid transport through membranes prepared by grafting of polar monomers onto poly(tetrafluoroethylene) films. I. Some fractionations of liquid mixtures by pervaporation (1972)

Abstract The separation of various liquid mixtures including systems of chloroform–hydrocarbons or ethyl ether, water–alcohols and water–nucleophilic organic solvents have been investigated by the pervaporation technique. Membranes were obtained by grafting Lewis base onto poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) films. The PTFE backbone has been chosen for its mechanical and chemical resistance. N‐Vinylpyrrolidone and 4‐vinylpyridine were selected because of their great affinity for the electrophilic compounds. In all cases, the compound which has the greatest affinity for the membrane pervaporates selectively through modified PTFE films. Selectivity and rates were studied. It is concluded that because selectivity is very important, total separation of different mixtures is possible at a good yield, with a faster rate when the temperature is increased or the thickness of the membrane is decreased.
Improved DFIG capability during asymmetrical grid faults (2015)

In the wind power application, different asymmetrical types of the grid fault can be categorized after the Y/d transformer, and the positive and negative components of a single-phase fault, phase-to-phase fault, and two-phase fault can be summarized. Due to the newly introduced negative and even the natural component of the Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) stator flux during the fault period, their effects on the rotor voltage can be investigated. It is concluded that the phase-to-phase fault has the worst scenario due to its highest introduction of the negative stator flux. Afterwards, the capability of a 2 MW DFIG to ride through asymmetrical grid faults can be estimated at the existing design of the power electronics converter. Finally, a control scheme aimed to improve the DFIG capability is proposed and the simulation results validate its feasibility.
Nonlinear Thomson scattering from relativistic laser plasma interaction (2005)

International audience
Design/Evaluation of A Methodology For Performance Optimization Of Indexable Carbide Inserts (2009)

In this project, two broad facets in the design of a methodology for performance optimization of indexable carbide inserts were examined. They were physical destructive testing and software simulation.For the physical testing, statistical research techniques were used for the design of the methodology. A five step method which began with Problem definition, through System identification, Statistical model formation, Data collection and Statistical analyses and results was indepthly elaborated upon. Set-up and execution of an experiment with a compression machine together with roadblocks and possible solution to curb road blocks to quality data collection were examined. 2k factorial design was illustrated and recommended for process improvement. Instances of first-order and second-order response surface analyses were encountered. In the case of curvature, test for curvature significance with center point analysis was recommended. Process optimization with method of steepest ascent and central composite design or process robustness studies of response surface analyses were also recommended.For the simulation test, AdvantEdge program was identified as the most used software for tool development. Challenges to the efficient application of this software were identified and possible solutions proposed. In conclusion, software simulation and physical testing were recommended to meet the objective of the project.
Tb nanocrystalline array assembled directly from alloy melt (2004)

A two-dimensional (2D) thin film composed of Tb nanocrystals with uniform orientations is fabricated directly from Tb65Fe25Al10 alloy melt upon quenching. The Tb nanocrystals with vertical height of 15–30 nm and lateral width of 10–20 nm are assembled in the nanocrystalline array on an amorphous substrate. The formation mechanism for the aligned Tb nanocrystals is discussed. The single-step formation method may provide a new and flexible alternative to fabricate nanostructured films or arrays used for submicron devices.
Observation of Cracks in Steels Using Synchrotron Radiation X-Ray Micro Tomography (2007)

In the present study, the ultra-bright synchrotron radiation X-ray was applied to the observation of small cracks in steels. It is important to investigate the applicability of synchrotron radiation X-ray and several parameters for the observation of defects in steels, which is widely used in industrial structures. The Synchrotron radiation X-ray micro computed tomography (SR–μCT) was applied to the three-dimensional observation of small cracks which were initiated either in fretting or in torsion fatigue test. It was found that phase contrast imaging technique has enabled the reconstruction of clear crack images with small opening displacement of about 1μm or submicron scale. The shapes of surface and inside cracks obtained by SR–μCT were agreed well with those by the scanning electronic microscopy. SR–μCT can also display characteristic inside shape of fretting fatigue cracks those were not perpendicular to the body axis and coalesced each other under surface. Torsion fatigue cracks of 10∼15μm in depth can be also observed in high-strength steel using SR–μCT.
Search for negative refraction and focusing at optical wavelengths: Imaging of quantum dots fluorescence in opal photonic crystals (2007)

Summary form only given. The talk overviews the efforts to achieve negative refraction (NR) in visible and IR by systems, having negative group velocity: photonic crystals (PC) and other systems with strong spatial dispersion of dielectric function, such as gyrotropic crystals and polaritonic media. To search the NR in PCs the fluorescence of CdS and CdSe quantum dots (QD) impregnated into porous silica and polysterene opal photonic crystals have been compared for QDs of different sizes. Spatial distribution of light is visualized by confocal fluorescent microscopy for QDs emitting in blue, green and red spectral bands and compared for PCs matrices having photonic band gaps in different spectral bands. It is found that spatial distribution of fluorescence emission from single QDs and small aggregates of QD is significantly different for QD with fluorescent lines below, within and above PBG frequency in [111]direction. We discuss this different spatial fluorescent patterns in terms of negative refraction in upper photonic bands, which have negative group velocity. The light from QD in the upper band creates patterns, which can be interpreted as due to focusing by the interface between media with positive and negative refraction. We analyze the fluorescence patterns of same size QD in inverted opals, and opals with strong disordering.
Comparing the relative peripheral refraction effect of single vision and multifocal contact lenses measured using an autorefractor and an aberrometer: A pilot study (2015)

For most test conditions, distinct differences were observed between the RPR measures obtained with the two modified instruments. The differences varied with CL design and centration. Although the pilot study supports the interchangeable use of the two instruments for on- and off-axis refraction in unaided eyes or eyes corrected with low/no spherical aberration; we advocate the use of the COAS-HD over the SN for special purposes like refracting through multifocal CLs.
PRESENCE OF STRESS DISORDERS IN MAJOR TRAUMA VICTIMS (2005)

Departments: Abstracts of Papers Presented at the Annual Scientific Meeting of the Trauma Association of Canada, Held Jointly with the Australasian Trauma Society: April 6–9, 2005: Westin Resort Whistler, Banff Canada: PDF Only
Vinylation of hydroxy-containing cyclic formaldehyde acetals with acetylene (2008)

Nucleophilic addition of alcohols having cyclic acetal fragments to acetylene smoothly occurs under relatively mild conditions (KOH, 100–125°C, 1–2 h, initial acetylene pressure 11–12 atm) to give the corresponding vinyl ethers in 80–83% yield.
Aquaporin‐2 regulation in health and disease (2012)

Aquaporin-2 (AQP2), the vasopressin-regulated water channel of the renal collecting duct, is dysregulated in numerous disorders of water balance in people and animals, including those associated with polyuria (urinary tract obstruction, hypokalemia, inflammation, and lithium toxicity) and with dilutional hyponatremia (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis, congestive heart failure, cirrhosis). Normal regulation of AQP2 by vasopressin involves 2 independent regulatory mechanisms: (1) short-term regulation of AQP2 trafficking to and from the apical plasma membrane, and (2) long-term regulation of the total abundance of the AQP2 protein in the cells. Most disorders of water balance are the result of dysregulation of processes that regulate the total abundance of AQP2 in collecting duct cells. In general, the level of AQP2 in a collecting duct cell is determined by a balance between production via translation of AQP2 mRNA and removal via degradation or secretion into the urine in exosomes. AQP2 abundance increases in response to vasopressin chiefly due to increased translation subsequent to increases in AQP2 mRNA. Vasopressin-mediated regulation of AQP2 gene transcription is poorly understood, although several transcription factor-binding elements in the 5' flanking region of the AQP2 gene have been identified, and candidate transcription factors corresponding to these elements have been discovered in proteomics studies. Here, we review progress in this area and discuss elements of vasopressin signaling in the collecting duct that may impinge on regulation of AQP2 in health and in the context of examples of polyuric diseases.
AIR PLASMA ARC MATERIALS TESTING FOR RE-ENTRY. (1964)

Materials research in a sub-sonic air plasma arc, delivering a cold wall heat flux of 700 BTU/sq ft -sec for 60 sec and a cold wall heat flux of 2400 BTU/sq ft -sec for 30 sec is described. Arc cast HfC-C, ZrC-C, TiC-C, TaC- C, TiB2-B alloys are compared with commercially hot pressed HfC-C, Ti C-C, TaC-C alloys, infiltrated tungsten and sintered and forged tungsten, pressed and cast thoria and infiltrated thoria, pyrolytic and boron pyrolytic graphites, and with standards of comparison such as ATJ graphite and boron nitride. Pairs of motion pictures show a calibrated gray scale to give a brightness temperature profile, simultaneously with a record of material reactions. Measurements of mass ablation rates and longitudinal recession rates are compared. Hot and cold face temperatures on the flat faces of solid cylindrical specimens are noted. (Author)
[Palpebral and cephalic oculomotor deficits in deep cerebral hematomas]. (1984)

Oculomotor functions are analysed by clinical examination and oculography in 21 cases of deep cerebral hematoma. Significant paralysis of verticality and of movements contralateral to the lesions was observed in all cases where the hemorrhage affected the paramedian thalamo-subthalamic region. A slight deficit of elevation and controlateral movements was observed in the external thalamic and capsular hematomas. In the capsulolenticular hematomas the electro-oculographic record revealed discrete disturbances. It is concluded that the oculomotor examination provides important information about the topography of these cerebral hemorrhage and the functional role of the structures concerned. The examination shows the gravity of median lesions which frequently entail serious oculomotor sequelae.
Encoding of still pictures by the five-dimensional vector quantization and zero-tree implementation (2002)

This paper presents research results on image compression by wavelet transforms and 3-level quad tree coding. We decompose an input image to (3/spl times/3+1) subband images using 2-D discrete wavelet transforms three times, then arrange the wavelet coefficients to 3-level quad trees. Next we divide the quad trees into zero trees and non-zero trees. After that we draw a root map of zero trees and encode the map by a special MH (modified Huffman) code. The process described above enables us to encode 0-amplitude wavelet coefficients very efficiently. For encoding non-zero trees, we propose to separate a 3-level non-zero quad tree to five 2-level quad trees, then encode the 2-level quad trees by 5-dimensional vector quantization. Detailed simulation results on the encoding of the root map and investigated results on statistical properties of non-zero trees are presented.
Zur Kenntnis der 4.6‐Dihydroxy‐Picolinsäure (1957)

Abstract Die von W. WISLICENUS und K. Schöllkopf 1 ) durch Ammoniakeinwirkung auf 4‐Äthoxy‐pyron‐(2)‐carbonsäure‐(6)‐äthylester erhaltene Verbindung ist das Amid der 4‐Äthoxy‐pyron‐(2)‐carbonsäure‐(6) und nicht der 4.6‐Dihydroxypicolinsäure‐äthylester, wie diese Autoren angenommen hatten. Es werden die Bedingungen beschrieben, unter denen es gelingt, aus 4‐Hydroxy‐pyron‐(2)‐carbonsäure‐(6) 4.6‐Dihydroxy‐picolinsäure in glatter weise zu erhalten.
Model of SiO2 film growth on Si in oxygen microwave discharge (1976)

A theoretical model of the SiO2 thin film growth kinetics on Si substrates in a microwave induced oxygen plasma is evaluated. The role of a dipole layer at the oxide—silicon interface, sputtering, and external potential is estimated and discussed. As general results a parabolic growth law at the early stage and a maximum limited thickness relevant to the plasma parameters together with a growth rate proportional to the plasma electron and O− ions densities are found. [Russian Text Ignored]
Composite Microposts with High Dry Adhesion Strength (2017)

Interfaces with enhanced and tunable adhesion have applications in a broad range of fields, including microtransfer printing of semiconductors, grippers on robots, and component handling in manufacturing. Here, a composite post structure with a stiff core and a compliant shell is used to achieve an enhanced adhesion under normal loading. Loading the composite structure in shear significantly reduces the effective adhesion strength, thus providing tunability. The composite posts can be used as stamps in microtransfer printing processes or as building blocks of large-area tunable surfaces composed of arrays of posts. Experimental measurements on composite posts with diameters of 200 μm show a peak adhesion strength of 1.5 MPa, a 9 times enhancement in adhesion relative to a homogeneous post under normal loading, and also that the adhesion can be reduced by nearly a factor of 7 through the application of shear. The adhesion behavior of these composite structures was also examined using finite element analysis, which provides an understanding of the mechanics of detachment. Finally, the composite adhesive posts were used as stamps in a microtransfer printing process in which 5 μm thick silicon membranes were retrieved and subsequently printed.
Low-Temperature Steam Annealing of Metal Oxide Thin Films from Aqueous Precursors: Enhanced Counterion Removal, Resistance to Water Absorption, and Dielectric Constant (2017)

Aqueous solution deposition has emerged as a potentially scalable, high-throughput route to functional metal oxide thin films. Aqueous routes, however, generally require elevated processing temperatures to produce fully condensed films that are resistant to water absorption. Herein, we report a low-processing-temperature method for preparing more fully condensed, stable metal oxide films from aqueous precursors. We show that a steam anneal at ≤200 °C reduces residual nitrates in zinc oxide, yttrium aluminum oxide, and lanthanum zirconium oxide (LZO) films. An in-depth study on LZO dielectric films reveals steam annealing also reduces residual chloride content, increases resistance to post-anneal water absorption, eliminates void formation, and enhances the dielectric constant. This investigation demonstrates that steam annealing directly affects the decomposition temperatures and chemical evolution of aqueous precursors, suggesting a general means for producing high-quality films at low processing temperatures.
Performance comparison of frequency domain quadrupole and dipole electromagnetic induction sensors in a landmine detection application (2008)

This work provides a performance comparison between two frequency-domain electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors - one quadrupole and one dipole sensor for the detection of subsurface anti-personnel and anti-tank landmines. A summary of the physical differences between the two sensors and from those of other EMI sensors will be discussed. Previously we presented a performance analysis of the dipole sensor for a variety of detection algorithms over data collected at a government test facility indicating robust performance using the dipole sensor. The algorithms considered previously included an energy detector, matched subspace detector and a kNN probability density estimation approach over the features of a four parameter phenomenological model. The current sensor comparison will include, in addition to the previous detection methods, a Random Forests classification algorithm and utilize a larger training data set.
An alternative approach to infrared optics (2010)

The MONTAGE program sponsored by the Microsystems Technology Office of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) resulted in the demonstration of a novel approach to designing compact imaging systems. This approach was enabled by an unusual four-fold annular lens originally designed and demonstrated for operation exclusively in the visible spectral band. To accomplish DARPA's goal of an ultra-thin imaging system, the folded optic was fabricated by diamond-turning concentric aspheric annular zones on both sides of a CaF<sub>2</sub> core. The optical properties of the core material ultimately limit the operating bandwidth of such a design. We present the latest results of an effort to re-engineer and demonstrate the MONTAGE folded optics for imaging across a broad spectral band. The broadband capability is achieved by taking advantage of a new design that substitutes a hollow core configuration for the solid core. Along with enabling additional applications for the folded optics, the hollow-core design offers the potential of reducing weight and cost in comparison to an alternative solid-core design. We present new results characterizing the performance of a lens based on the new design and applied to long-wave infrared imaging.
Impaired Mitochondrial and Metabolic Function of Fibroblasts Derived from Patients with Recessive Dystrophic and Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa (2020)

Background: Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) and junctional EB (JEB) are inherited disorders characterised by fragility and blistering of epithelial tissues leading to pain, pruritus, and adherent scarring. The severity and chronic nature of the resultant skin wounds significantly reduces quality and length of life. Current therapies primarily consist of protective bandaging and nutritional supplementation; there is no cure for these disorders. Although the skin fragility results from a lack of C7 protein (RDEB) and laminin-332 (JEB), other serious aspects of these disorders, such as inflammation that interferes with healing and aggressive squamous cell carcinoma, have not been completely elucidated. Recent research has suggested that mitochondrial function plays a significant role in skin healing. Objective: To evaluate how mitochondrial function differs in patients with RDEB and JEB. Method: The energy status of RDEB and JEB patient-derived fibroblasts was determined by Seahorse analysis and metabolite production. The energetics and overall morphology of RDEB and JEB patient-derived fibroblasts were assayed as a measure of metabolic stress. Results: EB patient-derived fibroblasts showed impaired oxidative phosphorylation with concomitant compensation by glycolysis. Morphological parameters were altered in RDEB and JEB fibroblasts compared with controls. Conclusion: This is the first study to describe changes in mitochondrial energy metabolism, metabolic profile, and mitochondrial morphology of EB patients.
<i>C,N</i>-2-[(Dimethylamino)methyl]phenylplatinum Complexes Functionalized with C<sub>60</sub> as Macromolecular Building Blocks (2001)

The application of platinum(II) complexes based on the N,N-dimethylbenzylamine ligand (abbreviated as H−C,N) in macromolecular synthesis was demonstrated. Two cationic C,N−platinum moieties were linked with a 4,4‘-bipyridine bridge, giving [{C6H4(CH2NMe2)-2-Pt(PPh3)}2(4,4‘-bpy)](BF4)2 (2), the crystal structure of which was determined. To introduce C60 groups into this assembly, [1,2]-methanofullerene-substituted H−C,N ligands were prepared and platinated using cis-PtCl2(DMSO)2. Application of the methanofullerene C,N−platinum complexes in the preparation of macrostructures afforded insoluble compounds. Therefore, phosphine ligands containing perfluoroalkyl groups were introduced into the fullerene-based complexes via a ligand exchange reaction. These fluorous complexes showed enhanced solubility in organic and fluorinated solvents. A soluble bismethanofullerene C,N−platinum(II) structure with a 4,4‘-bipyridine bridge was obtained using these fluorinated fullerenes.
Juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage (2004)

✓ The authors report a case of a 13-year-old boy with juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma (JPA) presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The patient experienced sudden onset of headache, vomiting, and loss of consciousness. Cranial computerized tomography scanning revealed blood within basal cisterns and the third ventricle. Angiography demonstrated normal cerebral vasculature and upward displacement of the bilateral A1 segments of the anterior cerebral artery. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed a chiasmatic/hypothalamic mass with evidence of hemorrhage. The mass was surgically decompressed. Histopathological examination showed evidence of JPA. In all cases of SAH in which there is blood around the third ventricle and a raised A1 segment on angiography, MR imaging should be performed. The presence of a normal sella turcica, as well as indistinct margins between the tumor and the opticochiasmatic apparatus should raise suspicion about the lesion.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 9‐SUBSTITUTED CARBACYCLIN ANALOGS (1984)

Abstract Das bekannte Lacton (I) liefert den Phosphonsäureester (II), der oxidativ zu (III) gespalten und dann erneut zu (IV) cyclokondensiert wird.
Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage with partially coherent laser fields (2002)

In this paper we discuss the effect of phase noise upon the efficiency of population transfer produced by stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP). To allow an adjustable cross-correlation of the two fields we consider the pump and Stokes pulses to be derived from a single phase-diffusing exponentially correlated laser, but we allow some time delay T between the noise signals. We present examples of Monte Carlo simulations, showing unexpected regularities in the dependence of efficiency upon pulse area for partially cross-correlated fields: efficiency does not monotonically increase with increasing pulse area, as would be expected. We explain these, and other properties, by using a simple model of pulse shapes to derive analytic expressions for efficiency. Although derived for a specific analytic form, the formulas also provide a useful description of transfer efficiency by other pulse shapes. We also obtain an estimate of the fundamental limit on the transfer efficiency with STIRAP, based on the Schawlow-Townes limit to laser bandwidths.