gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microsoft's Bing and User Behavior Evaluation. (2010)

Microsoft’s Bing takes a different approach to web search. Why do we call Bing a “decision engine” and what are the unique benefits this approach provides to users? This talk will describe the vision and design principles of Bing and how this translates into what we build. Behind the code there is a great deal of customer research and a few fundamental insights that motivate our designs. Evaluation of user behaviors suggest that there are many areas were they could be getting much more benefit from a web search engine. The vision for Bing is global in nature, but what about searchers in Japan? We will cover the areas where searchers in here appear similar to searchers worldwide, and also touch on areas where their behaviors are unique. Bio John Nave is the Principal development Manager in Microsoft Search Technology Center Japan, leading Bing development for Japanese market. He has been developing and shipping many products that apply technology to bring benefit to Microsoft’s customers for the last 14 years. The very first of these products was a Japanese tokenizer, followed by natural language products for several languages. With extensive experience in Japan language processing and Japanese market, John is now focused on understanding the needs of customers in Japan and bringing new and more useful solutions to this market. Prior to Microsoft, John worked in finance and software start-up businesses in Japan and the US. He is a graduate of the University of Washington, and attended Keio University as a Monbusho invited scholar. (Many years ago!)
Microwave regeneration of activated carbon for gold processing applications (1995)

An advanced microwave system for continuously reactivating carbon, used in gold processing, has been demonstrated at a gold mine near Kirkland Lake, Ontario, Canada. The pilot unit produced reactivated carbon at a rate of 12 kg/hr. Test results indicate the microwave regeneration technology has several clear advantages over conventional regeneration kilns. The microwave regeneration process was developed by Ontario Hydro Technologies and CANMET, in conjunction with two Canadian companies: Lochhead Haggerty Engineering and Manufacturing Co. Ltd, and Barrick Gold Corporation. This work was conducted with financial support from the Canada/Northern Ontario Development Agreement (NODA) and Ontario Hydro Technologies. It has application in gold processing and other industries such as water treatment.
BAG-1 and Bcl-2 in IL-2 Signaling (1998)

Some cytokines can prolong cell survival in hematolymphoid cells and thus may be crucial for regulation of hematolymphoid cell numbers. It has been shown that mitogenic cytokines can induce not only cellular proliferation but also cellular survival by inhibiting apoptosis in hematolymphoid cells. The signals transduced by these cytokines eventually go to the nucleus and induce expression of their specific target genes. In this context, the induction of anti-apoptotic molecules such as Bcl-2 oncoprotein and BAG-1 protein seems to be a key event for the anti-apoptotic function of cytokines. In T lymphocytes, the interaction of interleukin-2 (IL-2) with its receptor (IL-2R) induces both cellular proliferation and cellular survival. The IL-2R consists of three subunits, i.e., IL-2Ralpha, IL-2R(beta)c, and IL-2R(gamma)c chains. Structure-function analysis of the IL-2R(beta)c chain has revealed that there are at least two functional domains within the subunit. The serine-rich (S) region but not the acidic (A) region within the (beta)c chain is responsible for the mitogenic signaling of IL-2R. The S region is also crucial for the cellular survival signaling, which include the induction of anti-apoptotic gene expressions bcl-2 and bag-l. However, the cellular survival signaling is segregated from the mitogenic signaling in independence from the Jak-family protein kinase activation and rapamycin sensitivity. Segregation of the two signaling pathways of a cytokine receptor has also been shown in receptors of the other mitogenic cytokines. Current topics regarding signal transductions of cytokine receptors responsible for the suppression of apoptosis are discussed in this review.
Detection of Metastatic Tumor in Normal-Sized Retroperitoneal Lymph Nodes by Monoclonal-Antibody Imaging (1985)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jan 1985Detection of Metastatic Tumor in Normal-Sized Retroperitoneal Lymph Nodes by Monoclonal-Antibody Imaging P.J. Moldofsky, H.F. Sears, C.B. Mulhern, N.D. Hammond, J. Powe, R.A. Gatenby, Z. Steplewski, and H. Koprowski P.J. MoldofskyP.J. Moldofsky , H.F. SearsH.F. Sears , C.B. MulhernC.B. Mulhern , N.D. HammondN.D. Hammond , J. PoweJ. Powe , R.A. GatenbyR.A. Gatenby , Z. SteplewskiZ. Steplewski , and H. KoprowskiH. Koprowski View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)48843-4AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Detection of Metastatic Tumor in Normal-Sized Retroperitoneal Lymph Nodes by Monoclonal-Antibody Imaging." The Journal of Urology, 133(1), p. 151 © 1985 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 133Issue 1January 1985Page: 151 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1985 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.Metrics Author Information P.J. Moldofsky More articles by this author H.F. Sears More articles by this author C.B. Mulhern More articles by this author N.D. Hammond More articles by this author J. Powe More articles by this author R.A. Gatenby More articles by this author Z. Steplewski More articles by this author H. Koprowski More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Brownian force noise from molecular collisions and the sensitivity of advanced gravitational wave observatories (2011)

We present an analysis of Brownian force noise from residual gas damping of reference test masses as a fundamental sensitivity limit in small force experiments. The resulting acceleration noise increases significantly when the distance of the test mass to the surrounding experimental apparatus is smaller than the dimension of the test mass itself. For the Advanced LIGO interferometric gravitational wave observatory, where the relevant test mass is a suspended 340 mm diameter cylindrical end mirror, the force noise power is increased by roughly a factor 40 by the presence of a similarly shaped reaction mass at a nominal separation of 5 mm. The force noise, of order 20 fN\rthz\ for $2 \times 10^{-6}$ Pa of residual H$_2$ gas, rivals quantum optical fluctuations as the dominant noise source between 10 and 30 Hz. We present here a numerical and analytical analysis for the gas damping force noise for Advanced LIGO, backed up by experimental evidence from several recent measurements. Finally, we discuss the impact of residual gas damping on the gravitational wave sensitivity and possible mitigation strategies.
Orthodontic-restorative treatment of chipped or worn incisors. (2001)

No statistically significant difference in shear bond strength was found between Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus (17.6 MPa) and Scotchbond 1 (14.8 MPa), whereas F2000 gave significantly lower bond strength values (10.1 MPa). As compared with intact incisors, the teeth restored with either Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus or Scotchbond 1 did not perform significantly differently under load. On the other hand, the incisors restored with F2000 gave, as compared with the controls, a resistance to loads significantly lower and of a questionable reliability from a clinical standpoint. SEM observations performed on some of the samples revealed that when phosphoric acid was used to condition the substrate, a deep and uniform demineralization of the enamel was effected, and a mechanically retentive interlocking was created at the interface between resin and enamel. The Adhesive/Primer of F2000 was unable to produce an equally retentive morphology.
Raf regulates positive selection (1996)

T cell development is regulated by extracellular signals that mediate cellular proliferation and differentiation via specific signal transduction pathways. To determine the importance of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) pathway in thymocyte development, we analyzed transgenic mice expressing dominant negative Raf (DN Raf) and a constitutively active v-Raf under the control of the p56lck proximal promoter. DN Raf had a profound effect on T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated signaling events as assessed by the inhibition of mitogen-induced proliferation of thymocytes in vitro. Overall thymocyte numbers were decreased by at most twofold from nontransgenic littermates. Positive selection was inhibited in DN Raf transgenic mice, as evidenced by both reduced numbers of mature thymocytes and a decrease in CD8+ thymocytes in female mice doubly transgenic for DN-Raf and a class I-restricted H-Y TCR. In contrast, the differentiation of double-positive thymocytes to single-positive thymocytes was enhanced in H-YTCR transgenic mice expressing constitutively active Raf (v-Raf). Thus, Raf regulates positive selection in the thymus.
Reactions of Allylic Silicon Compounds (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Allylic Silicon CompoundsD. L. Bailey and A. N. PinesCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1954, 46, 11, 2363–2367Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50539a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50539a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views155Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Large-signal electronically variable gain techniques (1981)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1982.
Potent Bacterial Mutagens Produced by Chlorination of Simulated Poultry Chiller Water (1996)

Hypochlorite treatment of a simulated food-processing mixture produces 3,4-dichloromaleimide and 3,3-dichloro-4-(dichloromethylene)-2,5-pyrrolidinedione (C5HCl4NO2). The tetrachloro compound and two analogs, which can be synthesized from citraconic anhydride and itaconic anhydride, are direct-acting Ames mutagens in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 tester strain. These novel five-carbon cyclic imides are structurally similar to 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX), the principal mutagenic compound present in paper pulp bleaching liquors. Molecular structure analysis of the mutagens was based on X-ray crystallography, 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry of synthetic chlorinated imides with identical mass spectra and gas chromatographic retention indices. The tetrachloroimide accounts for much of the mutagenicity of the dichloromethane-extractable pH 2 fraction from chlorination of a simulated food-processing system consisting of chicken frankfurters. In the Ames TA100 tester strain it has a molecular mutagenicity of 1450 revertants/nmol without microsomal activation, making it the second most potent mutagen reported from a chlorination process. Keywords: Poultry chiller water; bacterial mutagens; chlorine disinfection byproducts; chlorinated imides
TWELVESOUND CHANNELSDURINGTHEVERTICALSYNCINTERVALOF THETELEVISION SIGNAL (1972)

SUMMARY The paperreportson a methodfor transmittingseveralaudiosignalswithinthe video-signal spectrumso that,e.g.during satellitetransmissions, audiosignalsassociatedwiththepicturecan be transmittedand received- in severallanguages. Theaudiosignals,eachin one idleline, are transmittedin a time-compressed form duringtheverticalflyback.At thereceiver the audiosignalof the desiredlanguageis selectedby a lineselector,then storede.g. in a MOS-storageand,in the originalmode.retransmitted witha bandwidthof about13kHz to the soundamplifierduringthe consecutiveframe.
Premobilization of R/V INDIAN SEAL (1979)

Abstract : A summary is presented of the premobilization effort conducted by Texas Instruments Incorporated to prepare the R/V INDIAN SEAL for later mobilization by another contractor for LRAPP operations during 1979.
Testing for numerical computations (1980)

We consider the problem of error detection in programs or specialised devices computing real functions f(x), where the argument x is represented in binary form. For error detection we use the linear check inequalities |∑τeTf(x ⊕ τ) − C| ≤ e, where e ≥ 0 is some given small constant, ⊕denotes componentwise addition mod 2 of binary vectors, T is some set of binary vectors and C is a constant. A method for the construction of a minimal check set T and constant C for the given f(x) and ɛ is proposed. This method is based on the techniques of Walsh transforms and least-absolute-error polynomial approximation. Several important examples of optimal checks for programs computing exponential, logarithmic and trigonometric functions will be given.
Folyadékok hőtranszponáltjának vizsgálata ejtőtoronyban (1997)

Folyadkok htranszportotjt vizsgltuk szabadess kzben a brmai ejttorony, rvid idej 4.75s-ig tart mikrogravitcis (|ig), 10""' g, krnyezetben. Kontrollknt fldi, lg , ksrleteket vgeztnk. Clunk a hvezetsi tnyez pontos mrse valamint a folyadk viszkozits hvezetsben jtszott szerepnek tisztzsa.. Az e clra intzetnkben kifejlesztett HCMS (Heat Conductivity Measurement System
P2‐452: Effects of dietary supplementation of carnosine on mitochondrial dysfunction, amyloid pathology, and cognitive deficits in 3xTg‐AD mice (2011)

The pathogenic road map leading to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still not completely understood; however, a large body of studies in the last few years are supporting the idea that beside the classic hallmarks of the disease, namely the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Abeta) and neurofibrillary tangles, other factors are significantly contributing to the initiation and the progression of the disease. Among them, mitochondria failure, an unbalanced neuronal redox state, and the dyshomeostasis of endogenous metals like copper, iron and zinc have all been reported to play an important role in exacerbating the AD pathology. The endogenous peptide carnosine has been suggested to be potentially beneficial in the treatment of AD because of its free-radicals scavenger and metal chelator properties. In this study, we have explored the effect of L-carnosine supplementation in an animal model of AD, the 3xTg-AD mouse, that shows both Abeta- and tau-dependent pathology. Animals were fed with carnosine starting at 1 month of age (m.o.a.) and evaluated for mitochondrial deficits, amyloid and tau pathology as well as memory performance (Morris Water Maze) at 12 m.o.a. We found that carnosine supplementation in 3xTg-AD mice promotes a strong reduction in the hippocampal intraneuronal accumulation of Abeta and completely rescues AD and aging-related mitochondrial dysfunctions. No effects were found on the tau pathology and we only observed a trend toward the amelioration of cognitive deficits. Our data indicate that carnosine can be effective in reducing the AD- related amyloid pathology and mitochondrial deficits. Carnosine can be therefore part of a combined therapeutic approach for the treatment of AD.
Photochemical Transformation of Fullerenes (2013)

Abstract Experimental findings and associated theoretical insights regarding the photochemical transformation of fullerenes are reported, which challenge the conventional wisdom in the field and point out a viable path towards improved fullerene‐based electronic devices. It is shown that the efficiency of the photochemical monomer‐to‐dimer transformation of the fullerene [6,6′]‐phenyl‐C 61 ‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) is strongly dependent on the light intensity, and this is utilized to demonstrate that direct patterning of an electroactive PCBM film can be effectuated by sub‐second UV‐light exposure followed by development in a tuned developer solution. By straightforward analytical reasoning, it is demonstrated that the observed intensity‐dependent monomer‐to‐dimer transformation dictates that a significant back‐reaction to the ground state must be in effect, which presumably originates from the excited‐triplet state. By a combination of numerical modeling and analytical argumentation, it is further shown that the final dimer formation must constitute a bi‐excited reaction between two neighboring monomers photo‐excited to the triplet state.
Radio frequency interference reduction for HF surface wave radar applications (2012)

High-frequency (HF) surface wave radar systems located at the coast are well-known as a measurement tool for coastal monitoring. Nevertheless, HF radar performance suffers from external radio frequency interference (RFI) signals generated by other HF-band users. This paper describes a way of signal processing in order to reduce the interference impact on radar power spectra and to estimate the Doppler frequencies generated by the resonant backscatter from ocean surface and by moving maritime targets. The measured HF radar data are used to demonstrate the performance of the developed signal processing technique for different radar applications. (4 pages)
Dialing in Direct Air Capture of CO2 by Crystal Engineering of Bis-iminoguanidines (2020)

We report a structure-properties relationship study of DAC by crystallization of bis-iminoguanidine (BIG) carbonate salts. The study focuses on a series of basic BIG structures including the glyoxal-bis(iminoguanidine) prototype (GBIG) and its simple analogs methylglyoxal-bis(iminoguanidine) (MGBIG) and diacetyl-bis(iminoguanidine) (DABIG). We find that minor structural modifications in the molecular structure of GBIG, such as substituting one or two hydrogen atoms with methyl groups, result in major changes in the crystal structures, induced by the increased conformational flexibility and steric hindrance. As a result, the corresponding aqueous solubilities within the series increase significantly, leading in turn to enhanced DAC performances.
Estimators for stochastic "Unification-Based" grammars (1999)

Log-linear models provide a statistically sound framework for Stochastic "Unification-Based" Grammars (SUBGs) and stochastic versions of other kinds of grammars. We describe two computationally-tractable ways of estimating the parameters of such grammars from a training corpus of syntactic analyses, and apply these to estimate a stochastic version of Lexical-Functional Grammar.
ChemInform Abstract: Eutectics as Improved Pharmaceutical Materials: Design, Properties and Characterization (2014)

Abstract Review: 92 refs.
Tuesday, September 5, 1710 (2015)

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Enzymatic hydrolysis of apple pulp followed by lactic acid fermentation (2008)

Apple pomace was fractionated into the water-soluble and water-insoluble materials (apple pulp). The effective saccharification method of apple pulp using PECTINASE HL from Aspergillus sp. (PECase) and CELLULASE "ONOZUKA" 3S (CELase) from Trichoderma viride, was investigated in addition to a screening of favorable microorganism for lactic acid fermentation from Lactobacillus amylophilus (NBRC15881), Rhizopus oryzae (NBRC5384) and Kluyveromyces thermoteleran (AOK A0357-23). On the basis of the results, lactic acid production by R. oryzae from the mixture of water-soluble materials of apple pomace and the materials solubilized by hydrolysis of apple pulp with a mixture of PECase and CELase was carried out. Lactic acid was produced at a concentration of 572 g from 46.8 kg (wet wt.) of apple pomace at 7 day. The ratio ofD-and L-lactic acids was 56:44.
Intestinal lymphocyte subpopulations in inflammatory bowel disease: an analysis by immunohistological and cell isolation techniques. (1984)

Lymphocyte subpopulations in the intestinal mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease have been studied using a double marker immunofluorescence technique. Analysis of tissue sections revealed that the majority of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) were T cells (Hle-1+ HuTLA+ UCHT1+). Of these, over 80% were of suppressor-cytotoxic phenotype (OKT8+:83 +/- 10.2%) with a small population of helper type IEL (OKT4+). Only one third of OKT8+ IEL reacted with the T cell antibody, anti-Leu-1. IEL were also Tac-, C3b-receptor- (C3RT05-), and Ig-. Within the lamina propria, OKT4+ T cells predominated (ulcerative colitis 64 +/- 6.0%; Crohn's disease 63 +/- 6.0%). Less than half of the smaller OKT8+ population in the lamina propria was Leu-1+. These finding did not differ from those seen in histologically normal tissues from controls, and are similar to those reported in the small intestine. Mononuclear cells were also isolated from the intestinal lamina propria using an enzymatic technique. The majority of lymphocytes obtained were T cells (OKT3+), with populations of OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells. Comparison of the ratio of OKT4+ to OKT8+ lymphocytes determined by immunohistological analysis with that obtained in mucosal isolates, however, suggested that the isolation procedure may deplete OKT8+ cells. These findings indicate that an imbalance of mucosal immunoregulatory T cells, as defined by monoclonal antibodies, does not occur in inflammatory bowel disease. They also emphasize that functional studies of isolated intestinal mucosal cells should be combined with morphological studies of cell populations in situ.
Tissue-culture light sheet fluorescence microscopy (TC-LSFM) allows long-term imaging of three-dimensional cell cultures under controlled conditions (2014)

Fluorescence long-term imaging of cellular processes in three-dimensional cultures requires the control of media supply, temperature, and pH, as well as minimal photodamage. We describe a system based on a light sheet fluorescence microscope (LSFM), which is optimized for long-term, multi-position imaging of three-dimensional in-gel cell cultures. The system integrates a stable culture condition control system in the optical path of the light-sheet microscope. A further essential element is a biocompatible agarose container suitable for the LSFM, in which any cell type can be cultured in different gel matrices. The TC-LSFM allows studying any in vitro cultured cell type reacting to, dividing in, or migrating through a three-dimensional extracellular matrix (ECM) gel. For this reason we called it "tissue culture-LSFM" (TC-LSFM). The TC-LSFM system allows fast imaging at multiple locations within a millimeter-sized ECM gel. This increases the number of analyzed events and allows testing population effects. As an example, we show the maturation of a cyst of MDCK (canine kidney epithelial) cells over a period of three days. Moreover, we imaged, tracked, and analyzed MDCK cells during the first five days of cell aggregate formation and discovered a remarkable heterogeneity in cell cycle lengths and an interesting cell death pattern. Thus, TC-LSFM allows performing new long-term assays assessing cellular behavior in three-dimensional ECM-gel cultures. For example migration, invasion or differentiation in epithelial cell systems, stem cells, as well as cancer cells can be investigated.