gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biodegradation and Test Methods for Environmental and Biomedical Applications of Polymers (2018)

This chapter presents an overview of methods for studying biodegradation. It discusses the importance of choosing the well characterized, relevant sample and right biotic environment as well as preparing relevant controls. Respirometry is one of the most sensitive methods for calculating the degradation of polymers. For both environmental and biomedical use we need degradable polymer with non-toxic degradation products. According to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard a petri-dish test of a polymer's biodegradability is an appropriate initial routine test. The properties of the sample are dependent on every detail in the sample preparation and history. For measurements as tensile strength the standard shape, for polymer film the parallel-sided strip is recommended in the ASTM standard. Another means of obtaining quick biodegradation is by using enzymes but, this is not always the most effective way and demands more careful performance than using the microorganisms themselves. Microorganisms can only be activated with a favorable environment for their growth.
Population specific reference ranges of CD3, CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte subsets among healthy Kenyans (2013)

The lymphocyte reference ranges for the Kenyan population are fairly comparable to those established in other African populations. The ranges also differ appreciably from those established in Germany, Italy and Switzerland. Furthermore, the study reported significant differences in the ranges of different population clusters within Kenya, as well us between males and females.
The Arabidopsis AtSTE24 Is a CAAXProtease with Broad Substrate Specificity (2002)

Following prenylation, the proteins are subject to two prenyl-dependent modifications at their C-terminal end, which are required for their subcellular targeting. First, the three C-terminal residues of the CAAX box prenylation signaling motif are removed, which is followed by methylation of the free carboxyl group of the prenyl cysteine moiety. An Arabidopsis homologue of the yeast CAAX protease STE24 (AFC1) was cloned and expressed in rce1 Delta ste24 Delta mutant yeast to demonstrate functional complementation. The petunia calmodulin CaM53 is a prenylated protein terminating in a CTIL CAAX box. Coupled methylation proteolysis assays demonstrated the processing of CaM53 by AtSTE24. In addition, AtSTE24 promoted plasma membrane association of the GFP-Rac fusion protein, which terminates with a CLLM CAAX box. Interestingly, a plant homologue of the second and major CAAX protease in yeast and animal cells, RCE1, was not identified despite the availability of vast amounts of sequence data. Taken together, these data suggest that AtSTE24 may process several prenylated proteins in plant cells, unlike its yeast homologue, which processes only a-mating factor, and its mammalian homologue, for which prenyl-CAAX substrates have not been established. Transient expression of GFPAtSTE24 in leaf epidermal cells of Nicotiana benthamiana showed that AtSTE24 is exclusively localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, suggesting that prenylated proteins in plants are first targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum following their prenylation.
The technique of linear prediction filters applied to studies of solar wind-magnetosphere coupling (1986)

Linear prediction filtering is a powerful empirical technique suitable for the study of stimulus-response behavior. The technique enables one to determine the most general linear relationship between multiple time-varying quantities, assuming that the physical systems relating the quantities are linear and time invariant. Several researchers have applied linear prediction analysis to investigate solar wind-magnetosphere interactions. This short review describes the method of linear prediction analysis, its application to solar wind-magnetosphere coupling studies both in terms of physical processes, and the results of investigations which have used this technique.
급성 약물중독에 관한 임상적 고찰 (1993)

Clinical observation was made on 405 cases of drug intoxication visited to Wonkwang university hospital via emergency room during one year from January 1991 to December 1991. 
The results were summarized as follows：
1. Annual incidence was 1.91% (405 patients of the total 21247 patients). 
2. Factors related to increased occurance were male(1.17 %), age of 3rd decade(26.67 %), Monday(17.78%), and August(17.28% ). 
3. Suicidal attempt was the most common motive of intoxication(88.89%) 
4. The most common drug of intoxication was insecticides(36.54%) 
5. The chief complaints on arrival to emergency room were nausea 4 vomiting(36.79 % ), mental change(15.56%), dizziness(13.33 % ), general weakness(4.49 % ), etc. 
6. The abnormal vital signs on arrival to emergency room were tachycardia(18.52%), mental change(15.56%) hypertension(9.63%), etc. 
7. The observed abnormal laboratory findings on admission(27 cases) were elevated ALP(15 cases), leukocytosis(12 cases), decreased T. protein, decreased HCOhypocarbia etc. in order to frequency. 
8. The complications of acute D-I were aspiration pneumonia(2.22%), G-I symptoms (ileus, peptic ulcer, gastritis 1.23 ), parkinsonism(0.74%), etc. 
9. The outcomes of the patients were recovery(63.46%), against discharge(26.42%), hopeless discharge(8,15 %), death(1.98% ).
The role of inflammation in venous thromboembolism and the link between arterial and venous thrombosis. (2007)

During the last decade, the role of inflammation in the etiopathogenesis of arterial thrombosis has been elucidated. However, little is known about the relationship between inflammation and venous thrombosis. Recently, inflammation has been accepted as a possible mechanism through which different risk factors trigger thrombus formation in veins. The data indicate that inflammation of the vessel wall initiates thrombus formation in an intact vein and that inflammation and coagulation systems are coupled by a common activation pathway. The first event in thrombus formation is most probably activation of endothelial cells, platelets and leucocytes, with initiation of inflammation and formation of microparticles that trigger the coagulation system through the induction of a tissue factor. Therefore, the key event in the initiation of venous thrombus formation is most probably vein wall inflammation. However, expected relationship between inflammatory markers as indicators of inflammatory process and clinical venous thromboembolism (VTE) has not yet been elucidated. C-reactive protein does not appear to be useful in predicting future venous thrombosis or to be useful in the diagnosis of VTE. Recently, it was demonstrated that probable association between VTE and several other markers of inflammation such as: interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-a exists. While these markers of inflammation were studied during or after acute venous thrombosis, further prospective studies are needed to determine the predictive value of inflammatory markers for VTE. The identification and elucidation of inflammatory markers relevant to venous thrombosis could provide targets for future therapy. That inflammation is the basic etiopathogenetic process of VTE is also supported by the relation of some risk factors to both arterial and venous thrombosis: age, increased body mass index, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, lupus anticoagulant and hyperhomocysteinemia. A relation was also found between preclinical and clinical atherosclerotic disease and VTE. Also in line with these arguments are the preventive effects of aspirin and statins in both arterial and venous disease.
Mining Social Behavioral Biometrics in Twitter (2014)

Online Social Networking Sites (SNSs) are considered as one of the well-established mediums of mass communication in today's world. Similar to physical world humans tend to have unique pattern of social communication in virtual world. However, analysis of such web based communication patterns is rarely seen for person identification. Most of the existing biometric recognition systems use either individual physiological or behavioural traits. A framework for the analysis of the web-based social interaction data as biometric features is largely unexplored until now. In this paper, a framework to accumulate and analyze social communication based data from online SNSs is presented. Analysis of such features explores personal characteristics, knowledge, and communication patterns that can successfully be utilized as Social Behavioral Biometric features. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed social behavioral biometric features are significantly useful for person authentication.
HiFinger: One-Handed Text Entry Technique for Virtual Environments Based on Touches between Fingers (2019)

We present a text entry technique called HiFinger, which is an eyes-free, one-handed wearable text entry technique for immersive virtual environments by thumb-to-fingers touch. This technique enables users to input text quickly, accurately, and comfortably with the sense of touch and a two-step input mode. It is especially suitable for mobile scenarios where users need to move (such as walking) in virtual environments. Various input signals can be triggered by moving the thumb towards ultra-thin pressure sensors placed on other fingers. After acquiring the comfort range of the touch between the thumb and other fingers, six placement modes for text entry are designed and tested, resulting in an optimal placement mode that leverages six pressure sensors for the text entry and two for the control function. A three-day study is conducted to evaluate the proposed technique, and experimental results show that novices can achieve an average text entry efficiency of 9.82 words per minute (WPM) in virtual environments based on head-mounted displays after a training period of 25 min.
Structural and Electrical Properties of Sodium Citrate Doped Poly(vinyl alcohol) Films for Electrochemical Cell Applications (2017)

Asian Journal of Chemistry, a Multidisciplinary Chemistry Journal is an Peer Reviewed International Journal and publishes from India. The journal has been established since January 1989 on a firm foundation of International Quality Research. This Journal encompasses all branches of chemistry and its sub – disciplines like Pharmaceutical, Biological activities of Synthetic Drugs, Environmental Chemistry, Biochemistry, Polymer Chemistry, Petroleum Chemistry, and Agricultural Chemistry, etc.
3-D seismic horizon-based approaches to fracture-swarm sweet spot definition in tight-gas reservoirs (2002)

In this article we will discuss some horizon-attribute-based methods that we have been exploring to help identify productive fracture swarms in tight-gas reservoirs.
Individual Growth Curves and Longitudinal Growth Charts between 0 and 3 Years (1989)

From a statistical viewpoint, the construction of longitudinal growth norms involves two classes of problems: (a) the choice of a mathematical function having a few constants as possible, but suitable for describing individual growth process in the growth period of concern; (b) the estimation of the mean growth constants for a homogeneous group of subjects, and of the covariance matrix of data collected longitudinally, to compute tolerance intervals which enable us to draw growth charts. Although growth constants should have some biological interpretation, the choice of functions rests mainly on the criterion of following observed growth as closely as possible. As to the second problem, the simplest situation implies that growth function is linear in the constants and all subjects have measures on the same prefixed occasions: in this case, multivariate Potthoff-Roy model (1964) directly applies. In longitudinal growth studies, however, it happens that subjects do not come for measurements at exactly the age specified: two-stage models seem to be more appropriate to this latter case. They consist of (a) fitting individual growth curve on each subject to obtain estimates of 1st-stage constants; (b) obtaining estimates of 2nd-stage constants, characteristic of the whole group of subjects, in terms of weighted averages of the estimates of the 1st-stage constants. This paper deals with the application of a two-stage model to the growth in length of 203 girls and 217 boys born in Naples between 1977 and 1981. Children, whose growth records are used to trace longitudinal standards, have been measured at birth, and at least 5 times in the course of a follow-up made up of 8 visits, between 3 months and 3 years of life.
Facial Expression Recognition Algorithm Based on Active Shape Model and Gabor Wavelet (2010)

A new algorithm named ASM_GW is given in this paper.It can extract efficient face feature and combine with the advantages of ASM and Gabor Wavelet.Furthermore,using the LDA algorithm,we can reduce the computation load.At last simulation experiment of the algorithm is performed by use of JAFFE facial expression database to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Induction of Th1 and Th2 CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell responses by oral or parenteral immunization with ISCOMS (1995)

Abstract We examined the ability of oral or parenteral immunization with immune stimulating complexes containing ovalbumin (ISCOMS‐OVA) to prime T cell proliferative and cytokine responses. A single subcutaneous immunization with ISCOMS‐OVA primed potent antigen‐specific proliferative responses in the draining popliteal lymph node, which were entirely dependent on the presence of CD4 + T cells. CD8 + T cells did not proliferate in vitro even in the presence of the appropriate peptide epitope and exogenous interleukin (IL)‐2. Primed popliteal lymph node cells produced IL‐2, IL‐5 and interferon (IFN)‐γ, but not IL‐4 when restimulated with OVA in vitro. Serum antigen‐specific IgG1 and IgG2a antibody responses were also primed by subcutaneous immunization with ISCOMS‐OVA, confirming the stimulation of both Th1 and Th2 cells in vivo. Spleen cells from subcutaneously primed mice produced a similar pattern of cytokines, indicating that disseminated priming had occurred. Oral immunization with ISCOMS‐OVA also primed local antigen‐specific proliferative responses in the mesenteric lymph node and primed an identical pattern of systemic cytokine responses in the spleen. The ability of ISCOMS to prime both Th1 and Th2 CD4 + T cell responses may be central to their potent adjuvant activities and confirm the potential of ISCOMS as future oral vaccine vectors.
Expression of Ku70 and Ku80 Mediated by NF-κB and Cyclooxygenase-2 Is Related to Proliferation of Human Gastric Cancer Cells (2002)

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is mediated by constitutive NF-kappaB and regulates human gastric cancer cell growth and proliferation. Inactivating Ku70 or Ku80 suppresses cell growth and induces apoptosis. It has been hypothesized that Ku70 and Ku80 expression may be associated with NF-kappaB activation and COX-2 expression and is involved in cell proliferation. In this study, we found that inhibition of constitutive NF-kappaB (by transfecting a mutated IkappaBalpha gene) and of COX-2 (by treatment with indomethacin and NS-398) suppressed Ku70 and Ku80 expression in cells. Treatment with prostaglandin E(2) adenocarcinoma gastric (AGS) increased expression of these Ku proteins in cells with low constitutive NF-kappaB levels. Inhibition of the Ku DNA end-binding activity by transfection with the C-terminal Ku80 expression gene suppressed cell proliferation. Ku70 or Ku80 overexpression by transfection with the Ku70 or Ku80 expression gene, respectively, enhanced proliferation of cells with low NF-kappaB levels. These results demonstrate that Ku70 and Ku80 expression is mediated by constitutively activated NF-kappaB and constitutively expressed COX-2 in gastric cancer cells and that the high Ku DNA end-binding activity contributes to cell proliferation. Ku70 and Ku80 expression may be related to gastric cell proliferation and carcinogenesis.
Performance of Large-Size Superconducting Coil in 0.21T MRI System (2004)

A high-temperature superconductor (HTS) was used on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) receiver coils to improve image quality because of its intrinsic low electrical resistivity. Typical HTS coils are surface coils made of HTS thin-film wafers. Their applications are severely limited by the field of view (FOV) of the surface coil configuration, and the improvement in image quality by HTS coil is also reduced as the ratio of sample noise to coil noise increases. Therefore, previous HTS coils are usually used to image small in vitro samples, small animals, or peripheral human anatomies. We used large-size HTS coils (2.5-, 3.5-, and 5.5-in mean diameter) to enhance the FOV and we evaluated their performance through phantom and human MR images. Comparisons were made among HTS surface coils, copper surface coils, and cool copper surface coils in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and sensitivity profile of the images. A theoretical model prediction was also used to compare against the experimental result. We then selected several human body parts, including the wrist, feet, and head, to illustrate the advantage of HTS coil over copper coil when used in human imaging. The results show an SNR gain of 200% for 5.5-in HTS coil versus same size copper coils, while for 2.5- and 3.5-in coils it is 250%. We also address the various factors that affect the performance of large size HTS coils, including the coil-to-sample spacing due to cryogenic probe and the coil-loading effect.
Lewis Acid Nature of SnCl4 and n-Bu2SnCl2 Determined by Adduct Formation with 3-Methyl-1-Indanone (2006)

Lewis acid nature of SnCl 4 and n-Bu 2 SnCl 2 has been studied using 3-methyl-1-indanone. The equilibrium constant has been calculated for both the tin moieties. It has been found that Lewis acid character of SnCl4 is fourteen times greater than that of n-Bu 2 SnCl 2.
Fabrication of sub-100-nm linewidth periodic structures for study of quantum effects from interference and confinement in Si inversion layers (1986)

Two new types of Si metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) devices have been fabricated and tested which involve a dual gate structure, the lower one being a W grating of 0.2 μm period, 0.1 μm linewidth. These devices, the lateral surface superlattice and the quasi-one-dimensional device, explore the regime where quantum mechanical effects become important. Fabrication techniques are described and projections made with regard to lithographic techniques for future electronic systems based on sub-100 nm linewidth devices. X-ray lithography at λ∼1 nm can provide linewidth control ≲10 nm and high pixel-transfer rate. The mask-to-substrate gap is constrained by diffraction. However, with a resist of sufficiently high contrast (and low sensitivity to avoid edge raggedness) linewidths of 50 nm should be feasible in high volume production at mask–substrate gaps of a few μm.
Investigation of the steerable parametric loudspeaker based on phased array techniques (2013)

Due to its ability to generate highly directional sound beams, the parametric loudspeakers are advantageous in creating personal listening zones in public areas. The directivity control of the parametric loudspeaker can provide more flexibility in its applications. This thesis provides an investigation of several practical issues of applying phased array techniques to achieve directivity control in the steerable parametric loudspeaker, and addresses two major problems: (i) spatial aliasing and (ii) mismatches between beampatterns obtained in simulation and measurement. Simulations and measurements are carried out to validate the models and methods proposed in major chapters, based on the simulation framework and measurement setup proposed in the beginning of this thesis. The feasibility of developing the steerable parametric loudspeaker based on phased array techniques is proven in practice. Moreover, a few guidelines are also provided, which can then be applied in many applications of the steerable parametric loudspeaker.
The Impact of Sodium Bicarbonate on Performance in Response to Exercise Duration in Athletes: A Systematic Review. (2019)

According to recent literature sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO<sub>3</sub>) has been proposed as a performance enhancing aid by reducing acidosis during exercise. The aim of the current review is to investigate if the duration of exercise is an essential factor for the effect of NaHCO<sub>3</sub>. To collect the latest studies from electronic database of PubMed, study publication time was restricted from December 2006 to December 2016. The search was updated in July 2018. The studies were divided into exercise durations of > 4 or ≤ 4 minutes for easier comparability of their effects in different exercises. Only randomized controlled trials were included in this review. Of the 775 studies, 35 met the inclusion criteria. Study design, subjects, effects as well as outcome criteria were inconsistent throughout the studies. Seventeen of these studies reported performance enhancing effects after supplementing NaHCO<sub>3</sub>. Eleven of twenty studies with exercise duration of ≤ 4 minutes showed positive and four diverse results after supplementing NaHCO<sub>3</sub>. On the other hand six of fifteen studies with an exercise duration of >4 minutes showed performance enhancing and two studies showed diverse results. Consequently, the duration of exercise might be influential for inducing a performance enhancing effect when supplementing NaHCO<sub>3</sub>, but to which extent, remains unclear due to the inconsistencies in the study results.
Behavioral repertoire learning in robotics (2013)

Learning in robotics typically involves choosing a simple goal (e.g. walking) and assessing the performance of each controller with regard to this task (e.g. walking speed). However, learning advanced, input-driven controllers (e.g. walking in each direction) requires testing each controller on a large sample of the possible input signals. This costly process makes difficult to learn useful low-level controllers in robotics. Here we introduce BR-Evolution, a new evolutionary learning technique that generates a behavioral repertoire by taking advantage of the candidate solutions that are usually discarded. Instead of evolving a single, general controller, BR-evolution thus evolves a collection of simple controllers, one for each variant of the target behavior; to distinguish similar controllers, it uses a performance objective that allows it to produce a collection of diverse but high-performing behaviors. We evaluated this new technique by evolving gait controllers for a simulated hexapod robot. Results show that a single run of the EA quickly finds a collection of controllers that allows the robot to reach each point of the reachable space. Overall, BR-Evolution opens a new kind of learning algorithm that simultaneously optimizes all the achievable behaviors of a robot.
The Asymptotic Mean Squared Error of Multistep Prediction from the Regression Model with Autoregressive Errors (1979)

Abstract The asymptotic prediction mean squared error is derived for the regression model with autoregressive errors. The results cover the cases where future values of the exogenous variables are known, where some exogenous variables are predicted from autoregressive processes, and where lagged endogenous variables are included in the model. A result is also obtained for the predictor that ignores autocorrelation of the errors and is based on ordinary least squares (OLS) estimates of the regression parameters.