gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predictions of methane emission levels and categories based on milk fatty acid profiles from dairy cows (2016)

Milk fatty acid (MFA) have already been used to model methane (CH4) emissions from dairy cows. However, the data sets used to develop these models covered limited variation in dietary conditions, reducing the robustness of the predictions. In this study, a data set containing 140 observations from nine experiments (41 Holstein cows) was used to develop models predicting CH4 expressed as g/day, g/kg dry matter intake (DMI) and g/kg milk. The data set was divided into a training (n=112) and a test data set (n=28) for model development and validation, respectively. A generalized linear mixed model was fitted to the data using the marginal R 2 (m) and the Akaike information criterion to evaluate the models. The coefficient of determination of validation (R 2 (v)) for different models developed ranged between 0.18 and 0.41. Form the intake-related parameters, only inclusion of total DMI improved the prediction (R 2 (v)=0.58). In addition, in an attempt to further explore the relationships between MFA and CH4 emissions, the data set was split into three categories according to CH4 emissions: LOW (lowest 25% CH4 emissions); HIGH (highest 25% CH4 emissions); and MEDIUM (50% remaining observations). An ANOVA revealed that concentrations of several MFA differed for observations in HIGH compared with observations in LOW. Furthermore, the Gini coefficient was used to describe the MFA distribution for groups of MFA in each CH4 emission category. The relative distribution of the MFA, particularly of the odd- and branched-chain fatty acids and mono-unsaturated fatty acids of observations in category HIGH differed from those in the other categories. Finally, in an attempt to validate the potential of MFA to identify cases of high or low emissions, the observations were re-classified into HIGH, MEDIUM and LOW according to the proportion of each individual MFA. The proportion of observations correctly classified were recorded. This was done for each individual MFA and for the calculated Gini coefficients, finding that a maximum of 67% of observations were correctly classified as HIGH CH4 (trans-12 C18:1) and a maximum of 58% of observations correctly classified as LOW CH4 (cis-9 C17:1). Gini coefficients did not improve this classification. These results suggest that MFA are not yet reliable predictors of specific amounts of CH4 emitted by a cow, while holding a modest potential to differentiate cases of high or low emissions.
The Role of Halogen Bonding in Inhibitor Recognition and Binding by Protein Kinases (2007)

Halogen bonds are short-range molecular interactions that are analogous to classical hydrogen bonds, except that a polarized halogen replaces the hydrogen as the acid in the Lewis acid/base pair. Such interactions occur regularly in the structures of many ligand-protein complexes, but have only recently been recognized in biological systems as a distinct class with well-defined physical characteristics. In this review, we survey twelve single crystal structures of protein kinase complexes with halogenated ligands in order to characterize the role of halogen bonds in conferring specificity and affinity for halogenated inhibitors in this important class of enzymes. From this survey, we attempt to identify the properties of halogen bonds that can be generally applied to bottom-up strategies for designing inhibitors for this and other enzyme targets.
Android as a Cloud Ticket Validator (2013)

In this paper we describe the development of a productive validation device in a mobile platform, to achieve a low cost ticketing device public transport passenger. This work is integrated in the project Smart CITIES Cloud Ticketing from Link Consulting SA, used to propose a multi-tenancy implementation of ticketing terminals. Additionally, it was introduced the "thin device" concept which allows to move the traditional ticketing operations to cloud platform, allowing that way to increase elasticity and interoperability issues. The device created is a prototype of this validation ticketing device with the validation services in a cloud platform (Amazon Web Services). Physically, the prototype consists in validator running on a tablet with Android operating system, but the validation logic remains out of the device in a service basis. Part of this result it's being used in production environment by the company Link.
Recommended approach to software development, revision 3 (1992)

Guidelines for an organized, disciplined approach to software development that is based on studies conducted by the Software Engineering Laboratory (SEL) since 1976 are presented. It describes methods and practices for each phase of a software development life cycle that starts with requirements definition and ends with acceptance testing. For each defined life cycle phase, guidelines for the development process and its management, and for the products produced and their reviews are presented.
Effect of atrial natriuretic factor on renal hemodynamics in the rat (1986)

Clearance experiments were conducted to determine the effects of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) on renal hemodynamics and excretory function in anesthetized, euvolemic Munich-Wistar rats. Intra-aortic infusions of synthetic ANF (28 amino acids) at 7.5 and 15 micrograms X kg-1 X h-1 produced dose-related increases in absolute and fractional sodium and water excretion under steady-state conditions; renal blood flow (RBF) was unchanged, whereas mean arterial pressure significantly decreased but remained within the autoregulatory range. An apparent maximal response was elicited by 15 micrograms X kg-1 X h-1 as 30 micrograms X kg-1 X h-1 produced a similar increase in urine flow and sodium excretion. ANF infusion at 30 micrograms X kg-1 X h-1 produced no transient or sustained changes in RBF (electromagnetic flow probe). Renal vascular resistance was significantly decreased in parallel with reductions in arterial pressure; ANF-induced changes in resistance can be explained by autoregulatory adjustments. In another series, intra-aortic vs. intravenous infusion of ANF (7.5 micrograms X kg-1 X h-1) were compared in the same animal; the diuretic and natriuretic response to ANF was similar with the two routes of administration. We observed no consistent changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Our results indicate that the diuretic and natriuretic effects of synthetic ANF in the rat do not require an increase in RBF or GFR.
Diabetic retinopathy after combined kidney–pancreas transplantation (1999)

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is amenable to good diabetic control; however, only successful pancreas transplantation can achieve sustained normoglycaemia. The aim of this long-term study was to examine the course of DR in insulin-dependent diabetic recipients of a simultaneous kidney and pancreas transplant (SPK). Successful SPK recipients (n = 46) and failed pancreas transplant with a functioning kidney transplant (n = 8) were assessed by baseline and regular post-transplant ophthalmic examinations (n = 432) for up to 10 yr after SPK. At the time of SPK (n = 108 eyes), the mean duration of diabetes was 25 +/- 7 yr, ten eyes were blind, and 79% of eyes had advanced DR that had panretinal laser (panretinal photocoagulation, PRP. Successful SPK recipients had normal glucose control with a mean HBA1C of 5.2 +/- 0.6%. DR remained stable in 75% of both the study and control groups, with no difference between groups. The DR mostly evolved towards inactive proliferative DR. After SPK, 14% of non-blind eyes showed improvement of DR, 76% remained stable and 10% progressed. Early vitreous haemorrhage occurred in 6.1% of eyes, and was related to established DR. Cataract of all types increased after transplantation (p < 0.01), which reduced visual acuity (VA) in affected eyes. The mean overall VA remained unchanged for the study duration. In summary, uremic patients from diabetic nephropathy had a high prevalence of severe proliferative DR and blindness at the time of presentation for SPK. This was subsequently stabilised to inactive proliferative DR by appropriate laser therapy followed by metabolic control achieved by SPK.
Synchronized Phasor Measurement System project at Southern California Edison Co (2003)

This paper presents the Synchronized Phasor Measurement Technology project at Southern California Edison (SCE). SCE has been working aggressively on this technology for the last four years and has installed several phasor measurement units (PMUs) and a phasor data concentrator (PDC) on its system. The data from the PMUs is now being collected and being used for analysis of system disturbances. SCE is continuing to work on this technology with Bonneville Power Administration to implement it for real-time monitoring and will work with other Western Systems Coordinating Council (WSCC) members for information exchange. It is believed that the technology has great potentials for monitoring the system stability and may be, useful in avoiding major system disturbances like the one that occurred on August 10, 1996 in WSCC.
Synergistic activity of cefsulodin combined with cefoxitin and sulbactam against <i>Bacteroides</i> species (1984)

The in-vitro activity of cefsulodin combined with sulbactam, cefoxitin or cefotax-ime was investigated against 32 strains of β-lactamase-producing Bacteroides species. Synergy of cefsulodin-sulbactam or cefsulodin-cefoxitin could be demonstrated against 30 of 32 and 32 of 32 strains tested at the concentrations readily achievable in serum. In the presence of 1 mg/l of sulbactam or cefoxitin, more than 90% of the Bacteroides isolated were inhibited by 32 mg/l of cefsulodin. The inhibitory activity of cefsulodin-sulbactam or cefsulodin-cefoxitin combinations was bactericidal against Bact. fragilis and Bact. vulgatus. In contrast, no synergistic inhibitory or bactericidal activities can be observed by the cefsoludin-cefotaxime combination. Both sulbactam and cefoxitin were potent inhibitors of β-lactamases produced by Bact. fragilis and Bad. melaninogenicus suggesting that this inhibitory activity might be one of the factors contributing to the synergistic combinations.
Protection and Switching-Aid Networks for Transistor Bridge Inverters (1986)

The present trend in the industry is towards the use of power transistors in the development of efficient Pulsewidth Modulated (PWM) inverters, because of their operation at high frequency, simplicity of turn-off, and low commutation losses compared to the technology using thyristors. But the protection of power transistors, minimization of switching power loss, and design of base drive circuit are very important for a reliable operation of the system. The requirements, analysis, and a simplified procedure for calculation of the switching-aid network components are presented. The transistor is protected against short circuit using a modified autoregulated and autoprotection drive circuit. The experimental results show that the switching power loss and voltage stress in the device can be reduced by suitable choice of the switching-aid network component values.
Particle Transport and Heat Transfer in Gas-Solid Suspension Flow Under the Influence of an Electric Field (1966)

An experimental investigation has been carried out demonstrating the feasibility of improving wall-to-fluid heat transfer in solid-gas suspension flow in which the solid particles were electrically charged and were acted upon by forces due to a fluctuating electric field, normal to the flow stream. The suspension, consisting of 30-μ glass beads in air, flowed vertically downward in a rectangular heat-transfer channel. The flow Reynolds number ranged from 1460 to 5840 and the loading ratio from 0 to slightly above 2. An alternating potential of 10-kV peak-to-peak was applied across the half-channel width of 0.635 cm. At the frequency of 7.7 cycles/sec and the loading ratio of unity, the rate of heat transfer was observed to increase by approximately 30 to 60%, depending on the Reynolds number. It was shown that the increase in heat transfer can be largely accounted for by the heat conveyed by the particles from the heated wall to the flow stream. Under certain simplifying assumptions, the increase in heat flux was expressed in terms of the particle influx at the wall and the degree of accommodation of the particles to the wall and fluid bulk temperatures. The principal simplifying feature of the system was the dominant influence of the applied field on the particle transport behavior.
Optimizing design for low voltage DC-DC converters (2002)

Emerging portable battery-operated systems demand compact, high efficiency, low-voltage and low-power DC-DC converters to maximize system run-time. A hybrid control strategy is used to achieve high efficiency and to select reasonable passive elements over a wide load range. The purpose of this paper is to study design optimization for LV DC-DC power converters. In the paper, a hybrid-controlled buck converter is used to demonstrate the optimization.
Somatic Embryogenesis, Rhizogenesis, and Morphinan Alkaloids Production in Two Species of Opium Poppy (2001)

A study of somatic embryogenesis and rhizogenesis and their influence on production of morphinan alkaloids on two species of opium poppy is presented. We identified the ratios of auxin and cytokinin that caused somatic embryogenesis and rhizogenesis in hypocotyl and cotyledons of Papaver somniferum album and Papaver orientale splendidissimum. The hypocotyls and cotyledons both show somatic embryogenesis in Papaver somniferum album whereas only the cotyledons were embryogenic in Papaver orientale splendidissimum. For rhizogenesis, the most important response is on the cotyledons and leaves in these two species. Histology showed characteristic stages of somatic embryo: Globular, cotyledonous, and heart cotyledonary. High performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that the roots of both species synthesized codeine, thebaine, and papaverine. Morphine was only detected in aerial parts of Papaver somniferum album. Codeine and thebaine were detected in the rhizogenous but no embryonic callus. These results suggest that root organogenesis is causally related to alkaloid biosynthesis.
[A preliminary study of CTGF in bleomycin-induced mouse pulmonary fibrosis]. (2005)

CTGF plays a role in pulmonary fibrosis. Detection of CTGF may be an early and sensitive marker for evaluating the occurrence and development of pulmonary fibrosis.
Interventions to Enhance Medication Adherence in Chronic Medical Conditions (2007)

Several types of interventions are effective in improving medication adherence in chronic medical conditions, but few significantly affected clinical outcomes.
Porphyria precipitated by hydroxychloroquine treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. (1976)

This case report emphasizes the fact that patients presenting with photosensitivity could have lupus erythematosus or porphyria or both; and since the therapy for one may aggravate the other, extreme caution is indicated.
A simple technique for measuring nonlinear AC properties of materials at frequencies below 1 Hz (1976)

A technique using Lissajous figures is described which may be used for measuring complex AC conductivity at very low frequencies. The apparatus is simple and the technique can measure nonlinear properties. An addition to the basic apparatus allows an automatic computer analysis.
Changes in row structure of extruded polyethylene film on grafting with styrene. I. Distribution of polystyrene and crystalline reorientation (1979)

Abstract Extruded films of linear polyethylene were grafted with styrene in a 1:2 styrene‐‐‐methanol solution and pure styrene. The reaction was induced by simultaneous γ irradiation. Crystallinity of polyethylene was hardly affected by a polystyrene‐to‐polyethylene ratio as high as 13.5. From the anisotropy of film growth and small‐angle x‐ray diffraction it was concluded that polystyrene incorporated both into intercrystalline layers and newly formed domains alongside the stacks of lamellae. The proportion of polystyrene in interlamellar layers depends on the length of grafted chains; that is, on grafting conditions. A higher than expected proportion of occluded homopolystyrene was found in films grafted in methanol solution. The glass transition temperature of polystyrene decreased with grafting yield. Grafting in methanol solution produced changes in the x‐ray orientation pattern of polyethylene. This was ascribed to untwisting and straightening crystalline lamellae in the row nucleated cylindrites.
High-beta approach and related MHD instabilities in tokamak. (1985)

The experimental and theoretical researches on high-beta tokamaks are surveyed. The basic properties of ballooning modes and the recent progress in high-beta studies are discussed with emphasis on the beta scaling laws, the accessibility to the “second stability” high-beta region, the excitation of new instabilities, the degradation of the plasma confinement and the future plans for high-beta tokamaks.
An Efficient Approach for Large-Scale Production of Sialyglycopeptides from Egg Yolks (2012)

Abstract Glycopeptides are very useful substrates for the synthesis of various complex glycoproteins and glycopeptides that are indispensable materials for the structural and functional investigation of glycoproteins. This report provides an efficient and time- and cost-saving strategy for the large-scale production of a sialylglycopeptide (SGP) that carries an intact N-linked disialyl-biantennary complex-type sialyloligosaccharide. Consequently, 680 mg of SGP was obtained from 100 egg yolks after phenol treatment, Sephadex G-50 gel filtration, and filtration through graphitized carbon cartridges. The chemical structure and the glycosylation site of the isolated SGP were identified by NMR and ESI-MS/MS, and the purity measured with HPLC was over 95%. Keywords: SialylglycopeptideEgg yolkIsolationGraphitized carbon cartridge ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC, NO.31070824) and National Basic Research Program (973 Program, NO. 2012CB822102). The authors thank Dr. Lianli Chi (Shandong University) for ESI-MS analysis and Dr. Roberta Greenwood (Shandong University) for manuscript editing and review. Yang Zou and Zhigang Wu contributed equally to this work.
An efficient algorithm for retrieving example sentences (1998)

Storing and retrieving an useful example sentence efficiently is an important task in document management systems because text retrieval is the most time-consuming part of them. Inverted filing is a well-known approach, but there are some problems when storing a huge number of sentences. They arise when the intersection is computed for large postings indexed by terms, or keywords. Moreover, disk access for postings also takes a lot of time in this situation. This paper presents a technique for the storing of multi-stages of postings and retrieving them partly in order to compute efficiently the intersection between postings for the requested terms. From the simulation results, it is shown that the presented algorithm is 3 to 88 times faster than the traditional approach.
Peak Expiratory Flow in Normal Subjects (1973)

The relationship between peak expiratory flow (PEF), age, and height has been studied in 202 men and 199 women in south-west London. Strict criteria of “normality” were employed in the selection of the subjects. Multiple regression techniques were used to determine the form of the relationship for each sex. The findings have been compared with those of other authors, and possible reasons for differences include smoking, residence in a polluted area, and incorrect performance of the test.
Support vector machine based data classification for detection of electricity theft (2011)

Most utility companies in developing countries are subjected to major financial losses because of non-technical losses (NTL). It is very difficult to detect and control potential causes of NTL in developing countries due to the poor infrastructure. Electricity theft and billing irregularities form the main portion of NTL. These losses affect quality of supply, electrical load on the generating station and tariffs imposed on electricity consumed by genuine customers. In light of these issues, this paper discusses the problems underlying detection of electricity theft, previously implemented ways for reducing theft. In addition, it presents the approximate energy consumption patterns of several customers involving theft. Energy consumption patterns of customers are compared with and without the presence of theft. A dataset of customer energy consumption pattern is developed based on the historical data. Then, support vector machines (SVMs) are trained with the data collected from smart meters, that represents all possible forms of theft and are tested on several customers. This data is classified based on rules and the suspicious energy consumption profiles are grouped. The classification results of electricity consumption data are also presented.
Electric Properties of Fe Based Soft Magnetic Composite (2011)

Soft magnetic composites based on Fe powder with insulation coating were prepared. Uniaxial pressing and heat treatment was used. Changes of impedance characteristic in the frequency range 100 Hz – 10 MHz in dependence on content of insulation up to 30% and in dependence on compaction pressure from 200 to 800 MPa was investigated. Distribution of insulation and porosity in composite was evaluated and quantified using image analysis. Correlation between microstructure characteristics, compaction parameters and electric properties were analyzed. An AC impedance spectroscopy technique was employed to investigate the effect of porosity and amount of resin insulator on specific electrical resistance of composite samples. It was shown that increasing of compaction pressure results in decreasing the specific resistance. An addition of resin in the range from 5 % to 25 % causes an increase of the measured resistance from 1.2E-2 ohm.m to 6E+4 ohm.m for compaction pressure of 400 MPa. Keywords: SMC, resistance, impedance spectroscopy, microstructure, porosity