gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of costal and crural diaphragm and parasternal intercostals during coughing in cats (1989)

The inspiratory phase of coughs often consists of large inspired volumes and increased motor discharge to the costal diaphragm. Furthermore, diaphragm electrical activity may persist into the early expiratory portion of coughs. To examine the role of other inspiratory muscles during coughing, electromyograms (EMG) recorded from the crural diaphragm (Dcr) and parasternal intercostal (PSIC) muscles were compared to EMG of the costal diaphragm (Dco) in anesthetized cats. Tracheal or laryngeal stimulation typically produced a series of coughs, with variable increases in peak inspiratory EMGs of all three muscles. On average, peak inspiratory EMG of Dco increased to 346 +/- 60% of control (P less than 0.001), Dcr to 514 +/- 82% of control (P less than 0.0002), and PSIC to 574 +/- 61% of control (P less than 0.0005). Augmentations of Dcr and PSIC EMG were both significantly greater than of Dco EMG (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.002, respectively). In most animals, EMG of Dco correlated significantly with EMG of Dcr and of PSIC during different size coughs. Electrical activity of all three muscles persisted into the expiratory portions of many (but not all) coughs. The duration of expiratory activity lasted on average 0.17 +/- 0.03 s for Dco, 0.25 +/- 0.06 s for Dcr, and 0.31 +/- 0.09 s for PSIC. These results suggest that multiple respiratory muscles are recruited during inspiration of coughs, and that the persistence of electrical activity into expiration of coughs is not unique to the costal diaphragm.
Velocity Model Estimation by Full Waveform Tomography of Seismic Reflection Data (2012)

A complex subsurface can imprint seismic data with propagation effects that cannot be fully described by ray-based models. In these situations, full waveform techniques have proved to be more successful in finding accurate velocity models. Two prevalent full waveform tomographic techniques are Wave Equation Migration Velocity Analysis (WEMVA) and Full Waveform Inversion (FWI). WEMVA aims at optimizing an imaging condition in the migrated domain and is deemed to be especially suited for finding the very low wavenumber part of the velocity model. FWI on the other hand aims at matching optimally the measured seismic data and is good at adding detailed velocity information to a velocity model, but it has difficulties to cope with a poor initial model. We propose a hybrid solution, where we use the perturbation theory from WEMVA and the data matching strategy from FWI. In this way we hope to combine the virtues from both approaches into one method.
Growth of BaTiO<sub> 3</sub>:Ce Single Crystals and Their Properties (1997)

BaTiO 3 and BaTiO 3 :Ce single crystals were grown by the top-seeded solution growth (TSSG) technique. Instead of mechanical poling, a thermal treatment was developed to reduce the 90° domains in this work. After the thermal treatment, the single crystals could be poled to the single-domain state under an electrical field of 1 kV/cm near its Curie temperature for 3 h. Lightly doped BaTiO 3 :Ce is light brown and its optical absorption increased with increasing Ce content. Electrooptic coefficients r T 13 and r T 42 were measured. A heavily doped BaTiO 3 :Ce appeared dark and opaque in visible light. Specific resistance ρ of the heavily doped crystal in the <100 > direction at room temperature was about 80 Ω·m, and a resonance change was observed at 120°C, which corresponds to the Curie temperature. This crystal showed both ferroelectric and semiconductive properties. The concentration of Ce in the crystal was found to be 2.6 times that in the melt.
Influence of intestinal resection and type of diet on the digestive and metabolic utilization of fats in rats (1991)

The effects of the quality of dietary fat, and the influence of ursodeoxycholic acid, an exogenous bile acid, on the digestive and metabolic utilization of fat were studied in rats in which 50% of the distal small intestine was resected. The fat content of the diets was quantitatively equivalent (4%), and differed only in the type of fat: olive oil (diet A) or 1/3 medium chain triglycerides (MCT), 1/3 sunflower oil and 1/3 olive oil (diet B). The removal of 50% of the distal small intestine led to a highly significant decline in the digestive utilization of fat (ADC) in animals given diet A. Rats fed diet B showed an increase in ADC to values approaching those seen in control animals. The addition of ursodeoxycholic acid to diet B failed to cause a further rise in the ADC of fat. After intestinal resection, serum levels of triglycerides and cholesterol fell more markedly in animals given diet A than in the diet B group, while the addition of ursodeoxycholic acid to diet B led to no further change. Serum lipid levels showed no significant influence of intestinal resection, but did accurately reflect the differences in fat composition between the two types of diet tested.
Amifostine (WR-2721) shortens the engraftment period of 4- hydroperoxycyclophosphamide-purged bone marrow in breast cancer patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow support (1994)

4-Hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC), a commonly used marrow-purging agent, is active against many tumors, but is also toxic to normal marrow progenitors. Amifostine (WR-2721) is a sulfhydryl compound with chemoprotectant activity. Preclinical studies using suspensions of bone marrow and breast cancer cells demonstrated that ex vivo treatment with amifostine followed by 4-HC resulted in protection of marrow progenitors, with no compromise in the antitumor effect of 4-HC. This fact stimulated the development of a clinical trial. Bone marrow was harvested from 15 poor-prognosis breast cancer patients and randomly assigned to ex vivo treatment with amifostine followed by 4-HC (amifostine + 4-HC), or treatment with 4-HC alone. High-dose chemotherapy was then administered followed by infusion of the purged autologous bone marrow support (ABMS). Leukocyte engraftment, defined as a white blood cell count > or = 1 x 10(9)/L, was achieved in an average of 26 days for patients whose marrow was purged with amifostine + 4-HC versus 36 days for patients whose marrow was purged with 4-HC alone (P = .032). The average number of platelet transfusions (12 v 29; P = .017) and days of antibiotic therapy (28 v 40; P = .012) were significantly less for patients whose marrow was exposed to amifostine + 4-HC, compared with 4-HC alone. Unpurged backup marrow fractions were infused into three patients whose marrow was purged with 4-HC alone, because of inadequate marrow recovery. None of the patients who received amifostine + 4-HC-purged marrow required a backup marrow fraction. Complete remissions were achieved in 83% of patients with measurable disease, with no difference between the two cohorts. Forty- three percent of patients remained alive and progression-free at a mean of 13 months posttransplant. There was no significant difference in the rate or pattern of relapse for patients whose marrow was purged with amifostine + 4-HC compared with those whose marrow was purged with 4-HC alone. Ex vivo treatment of marrow with amifostine significantly shortens the time to marrow recovery, thereby reducing the risk of myelosuppressive complications in breast cancer patients receiving high- dose chemotherapy and 4-HC-purged ABMS. Since supportive care requirements are also significantly decreased, amifostine may reduce the cost of such therapy.
The Structure of Certain Polyazaindenes. IV. Compounds from β-Keto Acetals and β-Methoxyvinyl Ketones<sup>1</sup> (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Structure of Certain Polyazaindenes. IV. Compounds from β-Keto Acetals and β-Methoxyvinyl Ketones1C. F. H. ALLEN, H. R. BEILFUSS, D. M. BURNESS, G. A. REYNOLDS, J. F. TINKER, and J. A. VanALLANCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1959, 24, 6, 796–801Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01088a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01088a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views118Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rickettsia australis Activates Inflammasome in Human and Murine Macrophages (2016)

Rickettsiae actively escape from vacuoles and replicate free in the cytoplasm of host cells, where inflammasomes survey the invading pathogens. In the present study, we investigated the interactions of Rickettsia australis with the inflammasome in both mouse and human macrophages. R. australis induced a significant level of IL-1β secretion by human macrophages, which was significantly reduced upon treatment with an inhibitor of caspase-1 compared to untreated controls, suggesting caspase-1-dependent inflammasome activation. Rickettsia induced significant secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 in vitro by infected mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) as early as 8-12 h post infection (p.i.) in a dose-dependent manner. Secretion of these cytokines was accompanied by cleavage of caspase-1 and was completely abrogated in BMMs deficient in caspase-1/caspase-11 or apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase activation and recruitment domain (ASC), suggesting that R. australis activate the ASC-dependent inflammasome. Interestingly, in response to the same quantity of rickettsiae, NLRP3-/- BMMs significantly reduced the secretion level of IL-1β compared to wild type (WT) controls, suggesting that NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to cytosolic recognition of R. australis in vitro. Rickettsial load in spleen, but not liver and lung, of R. australis-infected NLRP3-/- mice was significantly greater compared to WT mice. These data suggest that NLRP3 inflammasome plays a role in host control of bacteria in vivo in a tissue-specific manner. Taken together, our data, for the first time, illustrate the activation of ASC-dependent inflammasome by R. australis in macrophages in which NLRP3 is involved.
Surface and Lifetime Studies for Unintended Deposition of Ni/Cu on Solar Cells during Contact Plating (2012)

Electroplated Ni-Cu based front contacts for c-Si are deposited on patterned ARC and during the process unwanted deposition on unpatterned areas can occur which may lead to shading and possible shunt formation. In this work, study of unintended plating on ARC is carried out by surface deposition analysis and carrier life time studies wherein the front side of solar cells are exposed to electroless Ni bath and electroplating Cu bath. It has been observed that for exposure to Ni bath without any pre-treatment, deposition of miscellaneous ions present in bath occurs on the ARC which have a shading effect, but tend to recover after annealing. For samples pretreated with 1% HF and PdCl2 based solution before Ni plating, Ni deposition was observed with change in reflectance and passivation properties of the ARC. From QSSPC life time studies under UV illumination it was observed that decrease in lifetime increased from 20% to 58.5% as the bath temperature increased from 70°C to 90°C. A substantial decrease of 22mV in implied Voc resulted after exposure to Ni bath at temperature of 90°C. Dispersed copper deposits were observed for exposure to Cu bath which did not adversely impact the solar cell properties.
Changes of Excitatory Aniino Acids and Regional Blood Flow after Fluid Percussion Brain Injury in Rats (2001)

Aim:To elucidate the relationship between changes of excitatory amino acids (EAA) and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the development of brain injury.Methods:The rat traumatic brain injury was made by the the fluid percussion device, the contents of aspartate (Asp) and glutamate (Glu) were detected by microdetermination, rCBF was detected by means of the hydrogen clearance method. Results :The contents of Asp and Glu were significantly increased, compared with the control animal, the level of rCBF was markedly lower than that of the preinjury and control. Conclusion:There was a relationship between the content of FAA and the level of rCBF, and the level of rCBF decreased might play an important role in producing FAA following the development of brain injury and secondary brain damage.
Microvessel formation from mouse aorta is stimulated in vitro by secreted VEGF and extracts from metanephroi (2003)

We have demonstrated that during culture under 5% O(2,) the addition of recombinant human VEGF or FGF2 to mouse embryonic aorta explants (thoracic level to lateral vessels supplying the mesonephros and metanephros) stimulates microvessel formation. Here we show that microvessel formation is also stimulated by addition to explants of supernatants obtained from metanephroi grown in serum-free organ culture or of metanephroi extracts. Supernatants and extracts from metanephroi grown under hypoxic conditions are more stimulatory than supernatants/extracts from metanephroi grown in room air. VEGF and FGF2 can be detected by using immunohistochemistry in developing nephrons in the cultured renal anlagen. Metanephroi supernatants contain more VEGF if renal anlagen are grown under hypoxic conditions than if they are grown in room air. Metanephros supernatant-stimulated microvessel formation is completely inhibited by soluble sFlt-1 fusion protein or anti-VEGF antibodies (alphaVEGF). Extract-stimulated microvessel formation is inhibited by alphaVEGF or anti-FGF2 antibodies, or both. We conclude that metanephroi produce growth factors including VEGF and FGF that enhance microvessel formation from embryonic thoracic aorta in vitro.
A Comparison of Seismicity-Based Permeability Characterization Methods (2014)

Summary Seismicity-based permeability characterization uses the distribution of microseismic events associated with subsurface fluid injection (e.g. hydraulic fracturing) to estimate reservoir bulk permeability at the reservoir scale. While existing methodologies mostly originate from the linear pore pressure diffusion solution for a low frequency range of the slow wave propagation equation, the novel methodology presented in this paper is based on coupling the radial pressure diffusion equation with a Mohr-Coulomb shear failure criterion taking into account geomechanical data. Evaluating the spatio-temporal dynamics of induced microseismicity therefore allows us to calculate the permeability as a function of the pressure differential that is needed for rock failure and the subsequent occurrence of microseismicity.
Optimal sizing of country-scale renewable energy systems towards green transportation sector in developing countries (2022)

In the context of refining countries’ transition plans toward 100% shares of renewable systems in the electric power grids by 2050, this study aims to investigate, for the first time, the potential of covering the increasing energy demand for electric vehicles (EVs) using the previously planned hybrid renewable energy system (RES) for Jordan, which comprised wind, solar photovoltaic (PV), and battery energy storage systems (ESS). The optimal RES sizing is revisited to examine the influence of EV penetration percentages and charging rates (normal, medium, and fast) and optimize the charging periods to reduce system capacity. The results showed that for typical nighttime charging and relatively smaller EV penetrations, the RES system capacity remains the same, but the size of ESS must be increased by up to 16.67% for 25% EV penetration. As EV penetration increases, the required ESS capacity drops slightly, but the RES capacity increases by up to 24.53% for 100% EV penetration. Optimal charging periods were found to be during morning hours (6:00 to 9:00 a.m.). Adopting these early charging hours and compared to 0% EV, the required ESS capacity remained nearly the same, except for smaller EV penetration percentages. However, for 100% EV penetration, the increase in required capacity ranged from 24.5% for fast charging to 50.01% for normal charging. For lower penetration percentages, the three modes of charging resulted in comparable capacities of ESS and RES. As the penetration percentage increased to 100%, the fast charging mode required considerably lower RES capacity (by 17.0%) and the same ESS capacity of the 0% EV penetration.
Management of Corneal Graft Rejection – A Case Series Report and Review of the Literature (2010)

PURPOSE: To report long-term results in a case series of patients treated with systemic immune suppression for prevention of penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) graft rejection. DESIGN: Retrospective noncomparative chart review. PARTICIPANTS: Three patients presented with PKP graft failure. METHODS: Patients received oral prednisone, azathioprine and cyclosporine to prevent rejection of repeat corneal transplant. Patients received repeat PKP and graft outcome was reported. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual acuity and graft survival were recorded. RESULTS: Mean age was 55 years, two male and one female. Mean follow-up period was 37 months (range 24-46). All three patients completed the treatment protocol with minimal adverse effects. All grafts remained clear over observational period. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that systemic immune suppression with 2 or more agents may be helpful to prevent corneal graft rejection in high-risk patients.
A NOVEL MICROEMULSION FORMULATION OF PERMETHRIN FOR THE CONTROL OF MUSEUM INSECT PESTS (1994)

"A NOVEL MICROEMULSION FORMULATION OF PERMETHRIN FOR THE CONTROL OF MUSEUM INSECT PESTS." Studies in Conservation, 39(sup1), p. 24
Electrosynthesis and Characterization of 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11-Hexadecahexoxytriphenylene (2007)

-hexadecahexoxytriphenylene was synthesized by electrochemical oxidation of 1,2-didecahexoxybenzene in dichloromethane-tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TBATFB) on platinum electrode. A green, adherent, insoluble deposit was grown on the Pt electrode surface. The deposit was isolated and characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The results suggest that the deposit shows a decahexoxy triphenylene structure, associated to the anion of the supporting electrolyte.
It's the proteases, stupid! (2001)

Despite its clinical importance, no intellectually satisfying mechanistic explanations have been provided for G-CSF–induced stem cell mobilization. Insights, however, from studies addressing the mechanism of IL-8–induced mobilization in normal or G-CSF–receptor deficient mice have been
Synthesis and Properties of Charge-Ordered Thallium Halide Perovskites, CsTl<sup>+</sup><sub>0.5</sub>Tl<sup>3+</sup><sub>0.5</sub>X<sub>3</sub> (X = F or Cl): Theoretical Precursors for Superconductivity? (2013)

Recently, CsTlCl3 and CsTlF3 perovskites were theoretically predicted to be potential superconductors if they were optimally doped. The syntheses of these two compounds together with a complete characterization of the samples are reported. CsTlCl3 was obtained as orange crystals in two different polymorphs: a tetragonal phase (I4/m) and a cubic phase (Fm3̅m). CsTlF3 was formed as a light brown powder, and also as a double cubic perovskite (Fm3̅m). In all three CsTlX3 phases, Tl+ and Tl3+ were located in two different crystallographic positions that accommodate their different bond lengths. In CsTlCl3, some Tl vacancies were found in the Tl+ position. The charge ordering between Tl+ and Tl3+ was confirmed by X-ray absorption and Raman spectroscopy. The Raman spectroscopy of CsTlCl3 at high pressure (58 GPa) did not indicate any phase transition to a possible single Tl2+ state. However, the highly insulating material became less resistive with an increasing high pressure, while it underwent a change in its optical properties, from transparent to deeply opaque red, indicative of a decrease in the magnitude of the band gap. The theoretical design and experimental validation of the existence of CsTlF3 and CsTlCl3 cubic perovskites are the necessary first steps in confirming the theoretical prediction of superconductivity in these materials.
The Removal of Nitrogen from Steel by Annealing in Hydrogen Atmosphere (1973)

The rate of removal oj nitrogen Jrom rimmed sheet steel and from high carbon piano wire has been measured. The denilrogeniz ing annealing was carried ou t at temperatures Jrom 500 to 1 OOOC in d,yor wet hydrogen atmosphere and also in alternating atmospheres oj dly hydrogen and vacuum. The Jollowing results were obtained.
San Blas Cuna Acculturation (1942)

Journal Article San Blas Cuna Acculturation Get access D. B. Stout D. B. Stout Vanderbilt University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, Volume 21, Issue 1, October 1942, Pages 87–90, https://doi.org/10.2307/2570437 Published: 01 October 1942
TMOD-29. GLIOBLASTOMA PATIENT-DERIVED XENOGRAFT MICROTUMORS AS A HIGH THROUGHPUT PRECLINICAL TESTING PLATFORM (2016)

Glioblastoma (GBM) preclinical model systems for high throughput testing are limited by unnatural culture conditions (e.g. grown in serum) and expense (such as Patient-Derived Xenografts or PDX). While PDX can be grown in culture as neurospheres, these culture conditions do not provide key tumor microenvironment components seen in vivo. As such, there is a need for better model systems to test chemotherapy, small molecule inhibitors (SMI), and radiation. Utilizing a human-derived stromal matrix (HuBiogel, Vivo Biosciences, Birmingham, AL), we can grow GBM PDX as microtumors allowing for therapeutic testing (including combinations) in 96 and 384-well formats. Moreover, molecular “omic” testing can be performed to build companion biomarkers. GBM PDX were serially propagated in athymic nude mice through the UAB Brain Tumor Animal Models Core. PDX tumors were harvested and isolated as single cell suspensions for subsequent embedding into HuBiogel to form 3D microtumors at defined cell concentrations. These microtumors were maintained for up to 28 days, with phenotypic assays and molecular testing performed at 7-14 days. Therapies, including temozolomide, cediranib, WP1066, selumetinib, crizotinib, and radiation were tested alone or in combination. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), CellTiter-Glo, Calcein AM staining, and kinomic profiling in the UAB Kinome Core (kinomecore.com) using the PamStation®12 (PamGene, The Netherlands) were performed. We selected 7 GBM tumors from a well-characterized panel of 27 human GBM-PDX that represent the molecular subtype spectrum of disease seen in The Cancer Genome Atlas and reproduce histopathological hallmarks of GBM when grown orthotopically in mice. IHC examination of GBM PDX microtumors revealed multicellular organization replicating the in vivo tumor microenvironment. Molecular testing showed kinomic diversity in microtumors as well as differential sensitivity to chemotherapy, SMI combinations, and radiation (in combination with SMI). GBM PDX microtumors are well suited to high throughput therapeutic testing.