gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photochemical Ignition Studies. II. Oxygen-Atom Two-Photon Resonance Effects. (1986)

Ultraviolet lasers have recently been used to activate and ignite reactive gas mixtures through multiphoton photochemical means. The observation of this new phenomenon opens up the possibility of using uv lasers as primary ignition or ignition augmentation sources for igniting propellants or their pyrolysis products. The first report in this series describes the ignition of hydrocarbon/air, N2O mixtures by the excimer laser lines KrF (248 nm) and ArF (193 nm). In this report, a sharp wavelength dependence on the amount of incident laser energy necessary to ignite a premixed flow of H2/O2 at atmospheric pressure is described. This wavelength dependence exhibits a spectral profile similar to the two-photon fluorescence excitation curve for flame oxygen atoms and the respective peaks correspond to exactly the same wavelength near 225.6 nm. This similarity clearly indicates that oxygen atom production and subsequent excitation is an important step in the efficient (ca. 0.5 mJ) laser ignition of H2/O2 flows in this wavelength region. In addition, the dependence of the incident laser energy on the equivalence ratio reveals that the most efficient ignition occurs far into the fuel-lean region. This behavior further underscores the importance of the interaction between the uv laser and the oxidizer (O2) component in the ignition of this reactive mixture.
The three zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenases from baker's yeast,<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2002)

This review is a summary of our current knowledge of the structure, function and mechanism of action of the three zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenases, YADH-1, YADH-2 and YADH-3, in baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The opening section deals with the substrate specificity of the enzymes, covering the steady-state kinetic data for its most known substrates. In the following sections, the kinetic mechanism for this enzyme is reported, along with the values of all rate constants in the mechanism. The complete primary structures of the three isoenzymes of YADH are given, and the model of the 3D structure of the active site is presented. All known artificial mutations in the primary structure of the YADH are covered in full and described in detail. Further, the chemical mechanism of action for YADH is presented along with the complement of steady-state and ligand-binding data supporting this mechanism. Finally, the bio-organic chemistry of the hydride-transfer reactions catalyzed by the enzyme is covered: this chemistry explains the narrow substrate specificity and the enantioselectivity of the yeast enzyme.
Gossypol: A Potential Antifertility Agent for Males (1984)

The discussion provides a general review of gossypol as a potential male contraceptive, focusing on the pharmacological features not discussed in previous review articles. Attention is directed to the chemistry of gossypol, the antifertility effect of gossypol, its metabolism and toxicity, the genetic and endocrine effects of gossypol; clinical trails of gossypol; hypokalemic paralysis; and the site and mechanism of action. Gossypol is a yellowish phenolic compound ocurring naturally in certain species of cotton plants of the family Malvaciae, mostly in the seeds and root bark. The Hubei Provincial group documented the antispermatogenic effects of crude cottonseed oil in rats and monkeys, and since then a number of workers have investigated the active principle(s) in cottonseed and cotton root bark. The work on gossypol as an antifertility agent, initiated by Liu (1957) and pursued actively, has stimulated nationwide attention. After publication of a review article by the National Coordinating Group, it attracted universal interest. 3 forms of gossypol -- gossypol, gossypol acetic acid, and gossypol formic acid -- have been used in laboratory investigations and clinical trials. They are very much the same in their biological activities and are discussed as a whole under the generic name gossypol. Unless psecified otherwise, the term refers to the racemate administered orally. There are pronounced differences among animal species in their sensitivity to the antifertility action of gossypol. Gossypol is absorbed through the intestine as well as through the epithelial lining of the stomach. In an attempt to mitigate the gastric side effects of gossypol, 1 group of clinicians adopted enteric-coated tablets for the clinical trial. They found that both the antifertiltiy effect and the systemic side effects of these tablets were much less than those of ordinary tablets. Gossypol is an effective antispermatogenic agent for certain susceptible animals and humans and represents the only approach which has a reasonable chance to reach the stage of large scale clinical testing before the end of this decade. Much work must be done, particularly in regard to its toxicology, before it (or 1 of its analogues) can be developed into a practical male antifertility drug. The following points suggest the main directions for future research in the scope of pharmacology and toxicology: hypokalemia -- exploration of the contributing factor(s), means to prevent its occurrence, mechanism(s) of development, production of animal model; irreversibility; general toxicological assessment; and studies on the mechanism of action, which also may be helpful in the development of gossypol analogue(s) exhibiting satisfactory antifertility and minimal toxic effects.
Anodizing aluminum: An electrolytic oxidation experiment for general chemistry (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnodizing aluminum: An electrolytic oxidation experiment for general chemistryRita G. Blatt Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 4, 268Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1979Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 April 1979Published inissue 1 April 1979https://doi.org/10.1021/ed056p268Request reuse permissionsArticle Views790Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (828 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Using Simulated Annealing and Ant-Colony Optimization Algorithms to Solve the Scheduling Problem (2013)

The scheduling problem is one of the most challenging problems faced in many different areas of everyday life. This problem can be formulated as a combinatorial optimization problem, and it has been solved with various methods using meta-heuristics and intelligent algorithms. We present in this paper a solution to the scheduling problem using two different heuristics namely Simulated Annealing and Ant Colony Optimization. A study comparing the performances of both solutions is described and the results are analyzed.
<i>SDO</i>/AIA OBSERVATIONS OF SECONDARY WAVES GENERATED BY INTERACTION OF THE 2011 JUNE 7 GLOBAL EUV WAVE WITH SOLAR CORONAL STRUCTURES (2012)

We present SDO/AIA observations of the interaction of a global EUV wave on 2011 June 7 with active regions (ARs), coronal holes (CHs) and coronal bright structures. The primary global wave has a three-dimensional dome shape, with propagation speeds ranging from 430-780 km/s in different directions. The primary coronal wave runs in front of the expanding loops involved in the CME and its propagation speeds are approximately constant within 10-20 minutes. Upon arrival at an AR on its path, the primary EUV wave apparently disappears and a secondary wave rapidly reemerges 75 Mm within the AR boundary at a similar speed. When the EUV wave encounters a coronal bright structure, an additional wave front appears there and propagates in front of it at a velocity nearly a factor of 2 faster. Reflected waves from a polar CH and a coronal bright structure are observed and propagate fractionally slower than the primary waves. Some of these phenomena can be equally explained by either a wave or non-wave model alone. However, taken together, these observations provide new evidence for the multitudes of global EUV waves, in which a true MHD fast-mode wave or shock propagates in front of an expanding CME bubble.
Scientific Success Story Of Polyethylene Terephthalate (1954)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTScientific Success Story Of Polyethylene TerephthalateE. F. IZARDView Author Information Du Pont Co., Buffalo, N. Y.Cite this: Chem. Eng. News 1954, 32, 38, 3724–3732Publication Date (Print):September 20, 1954Publication History Published online5 November 2010Published inissue 20 September 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v032n038.p3724https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v032n038.p3724newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1954 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views64Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Fibers,Organic polymers Get e-Alerts
Plasma Immunoassayable ACTH Levels during and after Hydrocortisone Infusion in Patients with Cushing's Disease (1976)

The plasma ACTH responses to hydrocortisone infusion were compared in patients with Cushing's disease and primary adrenocortical insufficiency. In 4 patients with primary adrenocortical insufficiency, plasma ACTH levels were suppressed exponentially after administration of a relatively large dose of hydrocortisone (1.0 mg/kg/1.5 hr-3.0 mg/kg/2 hr). In patients with post-adrenalectomized Cushing's disease (4, bilateral; 1, unilateral), plasma ACTH suppression was delayed. Plasma ACTH levels, expressed as a percentage of the basal concentrations, were significantly less suppressed in patients with Cushing's disease than in patients with primary adrenocortical insufficiency 90 (p less than 0.05) and 120 (p less than 0.05) min after the beginning of infusion. When 0.5 mg/kg hydrocortisone was infused over a period of 1.5 hr, suppression was also delayed in Cushing's disease, and plasma ACTH levels were less suppressed in 4 patients with Cushing's disease than in 4 patients with primary adrenocortical insufficiency at 30 (p greater than 0.05), 45 (p greater than 0.05) 60 (p less than 0.05) min.
Software component models (2006)

Component-based Development (CBD) is an important emerging topic in Software Engineering, promising long sought after benefits like increased reuse and reduced time-to-market (and hence software production cost). However, there are at present many obstacles to overcome before CBD can succeed. For one thing, CBD success is predicated on a standardised market place for software components, which does not yet exist. In fact currently CBD even lacks a universally accepted terminology. Existing component models adopt different component definitions and composition operators. Therefore much research remains to be done. We believe that the starting point for this endeavour should be a thorough study of current component models, identifying their key characteristics and comparing their strengths and weaknesses. A desirable side-effect would be clarifying and unifying the CBD terminology. In this tutorial, we present a clear and concise exposition of all the current major software component models, including a taxonomy. The purpose is to distill and present knowledge of current software component models, as well as to present an analysis of their properties with respect to commonly accepted criteria for CBD. The taxonomy also provides a starting point for a unified terminology.
Electrical characterization of novel PMNT thin-films (2010)

This paper presents the systematic investigation by electrical characterization of PMNT (lead magnesium niobate - lead titanate, Pb(Mg <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.33</sub> Nb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.67</sub> ) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.65</sub> Ti <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.35</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ) thin-films with different fabrication parameters. The PMNT thin-films are processed under different conditions including annealing at various temperatures. Capacitance-voltage (C-V), current-voltage (I-V), capacitance-frequency (C-F), dissipation factor-frequency (D-F) and complex impedance-frequency (Z-F) measurements are presented.
再谈历史主义的贫困——《历史主义的贫困》的绪言和导言 (1985)

绪言在《历史主义的贫困》这篇论文中,我试图表明历史主义是一种贫困的方法,一种毫无成就的方法。但在这篇论文中,我并没有真正驳斥历史主义。从四十年代论文发表后,我才成功地驳斥了历史主义,因为我已经表明:从严格的逻辑意义上说,我们不可能预见未来的历史进程。我在1950年发表的题为《古典物理学和量子物理学中的非决定论》的论文包含了这一论点。然而,现在看起来这篇论文并不令人满意。在我为我的《科学发现的逻辑》所写的《跋——二十年后》中,可以看到论历史主义的那一章对这一论点作了更全面的论述。
Management Information Base for the Internet Protocol (IP) (2006)

This memo defines a portion of the Management Information Base (MIB) for use with network management protocols in the Internet community.In particular, it describes managed objects used for implementations of the Internet Protocol (IP) in an IP version independent manner.
Evanescent-wave LPFG in D-fiber by periodically patterned overlay (2010)

Long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) represent an attractive fiber grating-based technological platform because of their selective spectral features together with the intrinsic sensitivity to surrounding refractive index (SRI). Unfortunately, their main limitation relies on the necessity to opportunely coat the glass substrate when sensitivity enhancement and/or specific functionalization are required. Here, we investigate the possibility to realize a self-functionalized and high-sensitivity LPFG by evanescent-wave interaction of the propagating light with a periodically patterned overlay. In particular, a D-shaped optical fiber is considered because of its peculiar geometrical features. First chemical etching is used to allow the evanescent-wave interaction of the propagating light with the surroundings with the desired sensitivity. Successively a uniform atactic polystyrene overlay is deposited onto the flat surface of the structure by dip-coating technique. Finally the overlay is opportunely patterned by laser-micromachining techniques in order to create a LPFG-like structure. The reported results demonstrate the spectral features of the realized device and confirm the LPFG-like behavior with high SRI-sensitivity. The flexibility of the adopted fabrication method could allow the realization of innovative LPFGs to be adopted for a multitude of sensing applications, depending on the nature of the material deposited onto the flat surface of the etched D-fiber.
The endothelin system as a therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease: great expectations or bleak house? (2007)

There is considerable evidence that the potent vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 (ET-1) contributes to the pathogenesis of a variety of cardiovascular diseases. As such, pharmacological manipulation of the ET system might represent a promising therapeutic goal. Many clinical trials have assessed the potential of ET receptor antagonists in cardiovascular disease, the most positive of which have resulted in the licensing of the mixed ET receptor antagonist bosentan, and the selective ET(A) receptor antagonists, sitaxsentan and ambrisentan, for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In contrast, despite encouraging data from in vitro and animal studies, outcomes in human heart failure have been disappointing, perhaps illustrating the risk of extrapolating preclinical work to man. Many further potential applications of these compounds, including resistant hypertension, chronic kidney disease, connective tissue disease and sub-arachnoid haemorrhage are currently being investigated in the clinic. Furthermore, experience from previous studies should enable improved trial design and scope remains for development of improved compounds and alternative therapeutic strategies. Although ET-converting enzyme inhibitors may represent one such alternative, there have been relatively few suitable compounds developed, and consequently, clinical experience with these agents remains extremely limited. Recent advances, together with an increased understanding of the biology of the ET system provided by improved experimental tools (including cell-specific transgenic deletion of ET receptors), should allow further targeting of clinical trials to diseases in which ET is involved and allow the therapeutic potential for targeting the ET system in cardiovascular disease to be fully realized.
Surface Interactions and Quantum Kinetic Molecular Sieving for H<sub>2</sub> and D<sub>2</sub> Adsorption on a Mixed Metal−Organic Framework Material (2008)

A rational strategy has been used to immobilize open metal sites in ultramicroporosity for stronger binding of multiple H 2 molecules per unsaturated metal site for H 2 storage applications. The synthesis and structure of a mixed zinc/copper metal-organic framework material Zn 3(BDC) 3[Cu(Pyen)] .(DMF) 5(H 2O) 5 (H 2BDC = 1,4 benzenedicarboxylic acid and PyenH 2 = 5-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-pyridine-3-carbaldehyde) is reported. Desolvation provides a bimodal porous structure Zn 3(BDC) 3[Cu(Pyen)] (M'MOF 1) with narrow porosity (<0.56 nm) and an array of pores in the bc crystallographic plane where the adsorbate-adsorbent interactions are maximized by both the presence of open copper centers and overlap of the potential energy fields from pore walls. The H 2 and D 2 adsorption isotherms for M'MOF 1 at 77.3 and 87.3 K were reversible with virtually no hysteresis. Methods for determination of the isosteric enthalpies of H 2 and D 2 adsorption were compared. A virial model gave the best agreement (average deviation <1 standard deviation) with the isotherm data. This was used in conjunction with the van't Hoff isochore giving isosteric enthalpies at zero surface coverage of 12.29 +/- 0.53 and 12.44 +/- 0.50 kJ mol (-1) for H 2 and D 2 adsorption, respectively. This is the highest value so far observed for hydrogen adsorption on a porous material. The enthalpy of adsorption, decreases with increasing amount adsorbed to 9.5 kJ mol (-1) at approximately 1.9 mmol g (-1) (2 H 2 or D 2 molecules per Cu corresponding to adsorption on both sides of planar Cu open centers) and is virtually unchanged in the range 1.9-3.6 mmol g (-1). Virial analysis of isotherms at 87.3 K is also consistent with two H 2 or D 2 molecules being bound to each open Cu center. The adsorption kinetics follow a double exponential model, corresponding to diffusion along two types of pores, a slow component with high activation energy (13.35 +/- 0.59 kJ mol (-1)) for the narrow pores and a faster component with low activation energy (8.56 +/- 0.41 kJ mol (-1)). The D 2 adsorption kinetic constants for both components were significantly faster than the corresponding H 2 kinetics for specific pressure increments and had slightly lower activation energies than the corresponding values for H 2 adsorption. The kD 2/ kH 2 ratio for the slow component was 1.62 +/- 0.07, while the fast component was 1.38 +/- 0.04 at 77.3 K, and the corresponding ratios were smaller at 87.3 K. These observations of kinetic isotope quantum molecular sieving in porous materials are due to the larger zero-point energy for the lighter H 2, resulting in slower adsorption kinetics compared with the heavier D 2. The results show that a combination of open metal centers and confinement in ultramicroporosity leads to a high enthalpy for H 2 adsorption over a wide range of surface coverage and quantum effects influence diffusion of H 2 and D 2 in pores in M'MOF 1.
Feature Selection Using a Hybrid Associative Classifier with Masking Techniques (2006)

Performance in most pattern classifiers is improved when redundant or irrelevant features are removed, however, this is mainly achieved by successive classifiers construction. In this paper hybrid classification and masking techniques are presented as a new feature selection approach. The algorithm uses a hybrid classifier to provide a mask that identifies the optimal subset of features without having to compute a new classifier at each step. This method allows us to identify irrelevant or redundant features for classification purposes. Our results suggest that this method is shown to be a feasible way to identify optimal subset of features.
Reaction of the α-azahetaryl-2-hydroxyacetophenones reaction with chloroacetyl chloride (2013)

The reaction of α-azolyl-2-hydroxyacetophenones with chloroacetyl chloride in acetonitrile in the presence of pyridine resulted in 2-chloromethyl-3-azolylchromones, while both the α-(2-pyridyl) and α-(2-quinolyl) derivatives formed the products of the subsequent intramolecular cyclization with annelation of indolizine or pyrroloquinoline ring to the chromone core.
Deep binary constraint hashing for fast image retrieval (2017)

With the development of deep hashing learning, several end‐to‐end deep architectures have been proposed for fast image retrieval. However, learning to hash is essentially a mixed integer nonlinear optimisation problem with the non‐deterministic polynomial‐time (NP)‐hard nature, which makes the standard back‐propagation algorithm infeasible. A novel pairwise loss function with additional binary constraint via siamese network is proposed to improve the representation ability of hash codes. Compared to previous works, we force the output of each hidden node close to −1 or +1, which can produce more compact and discriminative hash codes. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the method can generate more favourable results than existing state‐of‐the‐art hash function learning methods with large margins.