gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reducing Multiplexing Artifacts in Multi-Pinhole SPECT With a Stacked Silicon-Germanium System: A Simulation Study (2014)

In pinhole single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), multi-pinhole collimators can increase sensitivity but may lead to projection overlap, or multiplexing, which can cause image artifacts. In this work, we explore whether a stacked-detector configuration with a germanium and a silicon detector, used with 123I (27-32, 159 keV), where little multiplexing occurs in the Si projections, can reduce image artifacts caused by highly-multiplexed Ge projections. Simulations are first used to determine a reconstruction method that combines the Si and Ge projections to maximize image quality. Next, simulations of different pinhole configurations (varying projection multiplexing) in conjunction with digital phantoms are used to examine whether additional Si projections mitigate artifacts from the multiplexing in the Ge projections. Reconstructed images using both Si and Ge data are compared to those using Ge data alone. Normalized mean-square error and normalized standard deviation provide a quantitative evaluation of reconstructed images' error and noise, respectively, and are used to evaluate the impact of the additional nonmultiplexed data on image quality. For a qualitative comparison, the differential point response function is used to examine multiplexing artifacts. Results show that in cases of highly-multiplexed Ge projections, the addition of low-multiplexed Si projections helps to reduce image artifacts both quantitatively and qualitatively.
Cool‐Season Turfgrass Responses to Drought Stress<sup>1</sup> (1987)

As the supply of water available for turf irrigation becomes limited, it is important to identify water‐efficient and drought‐tolerant turfgrasses. To establish the critical soil water potential at which cool‐season turfgrasses begin to experience drought stress, the growth and quality responses of Poa pratensis L. ‘Baron’, Lolium perenne L. ‘Yorktown II’, Festuca rubra var. commutata Gaud. ‘Jamestown’ and Festuca ovina var. duriuscula (L.) Koch ‘Tournament’ drought stress were compared in a greenhouse study. Evapotranspiration (ET) rates were measured using weighing lysimeters containing undisturbed cores of mature turf growing in a silt loams oil. Tensiometers and electrical resistance blocks were installed in a separate set of eight lysimeters containing L. perenne to determine the relationship between water loss due to ET and soil water potential. The ET rates of all grasses were unaffected until the soil water potential reached −50 to −80 kPa. During further soil water depletion, ET rates declined and drought stress symptoms became apparent. Leaf water potential of P. pratensis and L. perenne decreased by 50 to 75% when soil water potential declined to −80 kPa, while that of Festuca species remained relatively constant to a soil water potential of −400 kPa. Based on the parameters measured, P. pratensis and L. perenne exhibited a more rapid decline in ET rate, quality, and leaf growth under moisture stress than the two Festuca species, which demonstrated greater ability to thrive with limited soil moisture.
Raising the Curie temperature in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Sr</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">FeMoO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>6</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>double perovskites by electron doping (2001)

Electron doping in the ferromagnetic and metallic double perovskites ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{FeMoO}}_{6}$ is achieved via the partial substitution of ${\mathrm{Sr}}^{2+}$ by ${\mathrm{La}}^{3+}.$ We show that this doping promotes an extraordinary rising of the Curie temperature of about 70 K above that of the pristine compound. This finding reveals that the ferromagnetic coupling is mediated by itinerant carriers, thus providing solid experimental support to the double-exchange picture for the magnetic interactions. The observation that ${T}_{C}$ can be substantially enhanced may be of relevance for technological applications of these materials in advanced spin devices.
Turning Readers into Spectators: Pope's ‘Ode on Solitude’ and the Frame of Representation (1993)

‘A signe is not a signe to him that giveth it, but to him to whom it is made: that is, to the spectator.’ (Hobbes Leviathan 1651) ‘The use, the force, and the excellence of language, certainly consists in raising clear, complete and circumstantial images, and in turning readers into spectators.’ (Joseph Wharton An Essay on the Genius and Writings of Pope 1782) ‘Henry was a silent and astonished spectator of the scene.’ (Mrs Radcliffe The Mysteries of Udulpho 1794)
The use of random simulation in formal verification (2002)

In this paper we present the application of random simulation in formal verification of functional equivalence of hardware designs. We demonstrate that random simulation can effectively complement BDD-based verification approaches in three areas: (1) quick generation of counter example pattern for miscomparing designs, (2) exhaustive comparison of small functions, and (3) providing meaningful signatures for design partitioning based on functionally equivalent cut-points. The presentation describes a smooth and efficient integration of a simulation algorithm into a general verification framework. In this framework the simulator can be applied as one of various engines for Boolean reasoning the outcome of which might be undecided.
Evaluation of Water-Based Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) by Wettability Alteration in a Low-Permeable Fractured Limestone Oil Reservoir (2010)

This paper introduces a comprehensive method on how to evaluate wetting properties and oil recovery potential by spontaneous imbibition of “smart water” into a low-permeable limestone reservoir (≈1 mD). The reservoir temperature was 110 °C, and the salinity of the formation water was high (∼208 000 ppm). Crude oils from different possible source rocks were characterized for acid and base numbers, asphaltene, viscosity, and density. The potential of water-based enhanced oil recovery (EOR) was evaluated on the basis of the following studies: (1) The wetting potential of crude oils toward carbonate surface was investigated. (2) The presence of capillary forces in the core material was tested by spontaneous imbibition. (3) The initial wetting condition was determined by the chromatographic wettability test on mildly cleaned cores. (4) The surface reactivity of limestone core toward Ca2+, Mg2+, and SO42− was evaluated, when exposed to seawater at different temperatures (70−150 °C). (5) The presence of anhydrite, CaSO4(s), in the limestone core material was confirmed, which will affect the initial wetting conditions. (6) The potential of ”smart water” to enhance oil recovery from limestone cores containing crude oil and formation water at 110 °C was evaluated by imbibition of seawater and modified seawater. Because of the low content of acidic material in the crude oils and the presence of anhydrite in core material, the limestone cores were expected to be preferentially water-wet, which was confirmed by the chromatographic wettability test. About 40% of original oil in place (OOIP) was recovered in a spontaneous imbibition process at 110 °C using formation water. In a tertiary imbibition process with seawater and modified seawater, the oil recovery increased to ∼50% of OOIP.
A Novel Pathway for Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Ceramide Signaling Involving Sequential Activation of Tyrosine Kinase, p21 , and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (1999)

Treatment of confluent rat2 fibroblasts with C2-ceramide (N-acetylsphingosine), sphingomyelinase, or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) increased phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase activity by 3-6-fold after 10 min. This effect of C2-ceramide depended on tyrosine kinase activity and an increase in Ras-GTP levels. Increased PI 3-kinase activity was also accompanied by its translocation to the membrane fraction, increases in tyrosine phosphorylation of the p85 subunit, and physical association with Ras. Activation of PI 3-kinase by TNFalpha, sphingomyelinase, and C2-ceramide was inhibited by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (genistein and PP1). The stimulation of PI 3-kinase by sphingomyelinase and C2-ceramide was not observed in fibroblasts expressing dominant-negative Ras (N17) and the stimulation by TNFalpha was decreased by 70%. PI 3-kinase activation by C2-ceramide was not modified by inhibitors of acidic and neutral ceramidases, and it was not observed with the relatively inactive analog, dihydro-C2-ceramide. It is proposed that activation of Ras and PI 3-kinase by ceramide can contribute to signaling effects of TNFalpha that occur downstream of sphingomyelinase activation and result in increased fibroblasts proliferation.
The Optical Properties of Natural and Synthetic Hackmanite (1953)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation David B. Medved; The Optical Properties of Natural and Synthetic Hackmanite. J. Chem. Phys. 1 July 1953; 21 (7): 1309–1310. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1699204 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioThe Journal of Chemical Physics Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Estimating the Worldwide Extent of Illegal Fishing (2009)

Illegal and unreported fishing contributes to overexploitation of fish stocks and is a hindrance to the recovery of fish populations and ecosystems. This study is the first to undertake a world-wide analysis of illegal and unreported fishing. Reviewing the situation in 54 countries and on the high seas, we estimate that lower and upper estimates of the total value of current illegal and unreported fishing losses worldwide are between $10 bn and $23.5 bn annually, representing between 11 and 26 million tonnes. Our data are of sufficient resolution to detect regional differences in the level and trend of illegal fishing over the last 20 years, and we can report a significant correlation between governance and the level of illegal fishing. Developing countries are most at risk from illegal fishing, with total estimated catches in West Africa being 40% higher than reported catches. Such levels of exploitation severely hamper the sustainable management of marine ecosystems. Although there have been some successes in reducing the level of illegal fishing in some areas, these developments are relatively recent and follow growing international focus on the problem. This paper provides the baseline against which successful action to curb illegal fishing can be judged.
An Analysis of Hospital Blood Bank Whole Blood Inventory Control Policies (1968)

A detailed model of a hospital blood bank whole blood inventory system is developed, shown to provide an accurate representation of actual blood bank operations, and analyzed by means of digital computer simulation. The control of hospital blood inventories is examined with primary emphasis on the specification of the most basic and most flexible policy—the desired beginning inventory level policy. The performance of the system is studied graphically in terms of a function which relates the two most important measures of effectiveness—blood shortage and blood outdating—to the inventory level. Less flexible decisions are studied in terms of the shift which they produce in this curve. Numerical results are obtained to indicate the specific effects of a reduction of variability in central blood bank shipments, a reduction of the average age or an extension of the dating period of blood entering the blood bank, the establishment of a minimum inventory level or reorder point, and the addition of a second daily blood order.
Evaluation of anti‐acne properties of phloretin <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> (2015)

This study revealed that phloretin inhibits the growth of P. acnes, P. granulosum, and S. epidermidis. In addition, we demonstrated that phloretin attenuates COX-2 and PGE2 expression during the P. acnes-induced upregulation of inflammatory signalling. Clinical studies further suggested that treatment with formulations containing phloretin confers anti-acne benefits. Based on these results, we suggest that phloretin may be introduced as a possible acne-mitigating agent.
The HelCat dual-source plasma device (2009)

The HelCat (Helicon-Cathode) device has been constructed to support a broad range of basic plasma science experiments relevant to the areas of solar physics, laboratory astrophysics, plasma nonlinear dynamics, and turbulence. These research topics require a relatively large plasma source capable of operating over a broad region of parameter space with a plasma duration up to at least several milliseconds. To achieve these parameters a novel dual-source system was developed utilizing both helicon and thermionic cathode sources. Plasma parameters of n(e) approximately 0.5-50 x 10(18) m(-3) and T(e) approximately 3-12 eV allow access to a wide range of collisionalities important to the research. The HelCat device and initial characterization of plasma behavior during dual-source operation are described.
Recent advancements of optical interferometry applied to medicine (2002)

Nonetheless the large diffusion of laser excimer ablative procedures to correct vision problems by corneal surgery (PTK, PRK, LASIX) still there are problems to achieve the targeted correction (TC) in every treated eye. We have registered and published cases of reduced TC, attributing the problem to the fact that excimer laser devices are not flexible enough to adapt to the intrinsic characteristics of each cornea. The latest generation of excimer lasers enables personalizing the procedures combining laser beam-scanning with optical methods of acquiring in real time the corneal map using wave front analysis techniques. None the less we feel this is not a complete solution to the problem, since the elasticity of the corneal tissue should be also taken into account. Corneal tissue elasticity is related to the infra ocular pressure (IOP), age and other factors and shows aging effects also. Observing our records of more than 2500 cornea surgeries we believe that corneal tissue elasticity has an essential role in the achievement of TC. In order to demonstrate this assumption we developed some experiments aiming also to define mathematical model that can enable simulating the cornea behavior during and after excimer laser ablation surgery. We have firstly investigated the possibilities of mapping the cornea surface with a modified Twymann-Green interferometer (TGI). Experiments were carried on a bovine cornea at rest and under a static stress. Then we hive determined experimentally the resonant frequency of the same bovine cornea. Finally we have investigated the behavior of the same bovine cornea applying at force vibrating at resonance frequency. The corneal surface deformation was detected in real time using for the first time worldwide PulsESPI, a laser device that enables real time deformation analysis exploiting electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI). This approach may enable defining a quite reliable simulation model of the cornea based on its geometry and its elastic factors. We suggest using finite element method (FEM) to analyze the corneal surfaces deformed statically and at resonance condition in order to determine elasticity coefficients to be adopted in a proposed preliminary model.
Total synthesis of <i>cis</i>‐shisool (1990)

Abstract This paper describes the total synthesis of cis ‐shisool through intermediate 3, which was derived from the Diels‐Alder adduct 4 (or 5). The structure of the isomers produced by the Diels‐Alder reaction of cyclohexadiene and crotonate has been elucidated by means of GC and NMR. Methylenation of 12 with Zn‐CH 2 Br 2 ‐TiCl 4 or Ph 3 P=CH 2 retains the stereochemistry of the carbon atom adjacent to the carbonyl group.
Inheritance of Resistance to Head Smut Disease in Corn (1990)

The inheritance in corn (Zea mays L.) of resistance to head smut disease incited by Sphacelotheca reiliana (Kuhn) Clinton was studied in the field on crosses of resistant dent corn line N6 with two susceptible sweet corn (su 1 ) inbred lines. Disease incidence in the resistant parent (Pr) was 0% to 4%, and 83% to 96% in the susceptible parent (Ps). Predisposition of seedlings by clipping just above ground level increased percent infected in progeny populations by as much as 4-fold, but did not affect disease incidence in the, parents. At the lower disease incidence of unclipped plots, the F 1 , F 2 , and BCr means were close to the mean of Pr, suggesting dominance of resistance. At the high disease incidence of clipped plots, the relationship of parent and progeny means “suggested additive inheritance. Epistasis was also generally present with a higher level indicated for unclipped plots. Inheritance was concluded to be quantitative. Reciprocal differences were observed only in backcrosses. In the F 2 and BC s populations, plants grown from dent (Su 1 ) seed were lower in disease incidence than plants grown from su 1 seed.
Flows of Materials with Yield (1987)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Tasos C. Papanastasiou; Flows of Materials with Yield. J. Rheol. 1 July 1987; 31 (5): 385–404. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.549926 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Society of RheologyJournal of Rheology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
A novel transmission procedure for throughput maximization in 1xEV-DV reverse link (2003)

In this paper, we propose an enhanced reverse link transmission procedure for 1xEV-DV which is an evolution of the cdma2000 1x for the support of circuit-switched voice and data as well as packet-switched high speed data on the same spectrum. The proposed scenario controls all mobile terminals separately. To dedicate control of each user, this scenario induces rate control (RC), MT status indication (MSI), and rate variation indication (RVI). It supports a large variance of the data rate due to the estimation of the mobile location and speed. To verify the performance of the proposed scenario, we investigated a portion of overshoot, goodput and delay. The results shows that the proposed scenario can utilize the reverse link resource efficiently by providing a rapid adaptation and accurate control of the data rate.
Embedded Firms, Embedded Knowledge: Problems of Collaboration and Knowledge Transfer in Global Cooperative Ventures (1997)

Research on global cooperative ventures has tended to focus on governance forms and task structures. This study highlights the importance of knowledge structures and work systems in influencing the success of collaborative ventures. Based on an empirical analysis of a close collaboration in the knowledge-intensive area between a Japanese and a British high-technology firm, it illustrates how the socially embedded nature of knowledge can impede cross-border collaborative work and knowledge transfer. The research has applied and extended Michael Polanyi's con cept of 'tacit knowledge' in a much wider context. It develops a conceptual frame work for analyzing the main differences and 'points of friction' between the Japanese 'organizational' and the British 'professional' models of the organization of knowledge in high-level technical work. It shows how the dominant form of knowledge held in organizations, its degree of tacitness, and the way in which it is structured, utilized and transmitted can vary considerably between firms in dif ferent societal settings. These differences are shown to have contributed to project failures, weakened the technological relationship between the partner firms over time and led to asymmetry in knowledge transfer.
Smart Nanoparticles Technology (2012)

In the last few years, Nanoparticles and their applications dramatically diverted science in the direction of brand new philosophy. The properties of many conventional materials changed when formed from nanoparticles. Nanoparticles have a greater surface area per weight than larger particles which causes them to be more reactive and effective than other molecules. In this book, we (InTech publisher, editor and authors) have invested a lot of effort to include 25 most advanced technology chapters. The book is organised into three well-heeled parts. We would like to invite all Nanotechnology scientists to read and share the knowledge and contents of this book.
Elektrophotographie (1960)

Abstract Eine im Dunkeln auf eine geerdete, photoleitende Schicht aufgebrachte elektrische Ladung fließt beim Belichten ab. Auf dieser Grundlage läßt sich ein elektrophotographisches Reproduktionsverfahren aufbauen. Die einzelnen Verfahrensschritte und deren Mechanismen werden am Beispiel des Zinkoxyds diskutiert. Sowohl bei der elektrischen Aufladung wie bei der anschließenden Belichtung wird die Erzeugung und Vernichtung von Ladungsträgern maßgeblich durch Chemisorptions‐ und Desorptionsvorgänge von Sauerstoff sowie durch Oberflächenreaktionen beeinflußt. Diese Vorgänge hängen mit der hohen Feldbeweglichkeit der Donatoren zusammen. Mit zunehmender Dauer der elektrostatischen Aufladung werden in steigendem Umfange Donatoren aus der Schicht zur sauerstoff‐chemisorbierenden Oberfläche „herausextrahiert”︁ und freie Elektronen zur geerdeten Seite „abgeweht”︁. Der Photohalbleiter nähert sich in seinem Leitwert einem Isolator.
Efficient variable rate vector quantization using quadtree segmentation (2002)

Variable rate vector quantization (VQ) using greedy tree growing algorithm has been used in image compression. In previous work, images have been partitioned into fined size blocks and therefore correlation existing in large variable size blocks cannot be exploited. In this paper, a new and efficient variable rate vector quantization scheme using variable block sizes is introduced. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme which is based on variable block size quadtree segmentation can achieve better performance than the fixed block size variable rate VQ.
FakeFault: a silicon debug software tool for microprocessor embedded memory arrays (2002)

This paper presents a simple but elegant approach to effectively automate the time-consuming silicon debug procedure for microprocessor embedded memory arrays that allow no direct test modes, based on sequential ATPG with built-in design-for-debug methodology.