gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EMG activity of pigeon oesophagus in vivo (1982)

At rest, the pigeon cervical oesophagus, which is entirely smooth muscle, shows electric activity. This activity consists of bursts of spikes with frequency increasing in the oral-aboral direction. The bursts are un-phase locked, and there are no slow waves (E.C.A.). The surgical transection of the oesophageal muscular wall does not affect the electric activity even in a disconnected segment. After asphyxia electric activity persists, whereas the aboral gradient of frequency disappears. Therefore, the electric activity is thought to be myogenic in origin, and the frequency gradient nervous in origin. Atropine and neostigmine administration suggests that the cholinergic system modulates the electric activity, but it is not involved in the control of the frequency gradient. On the contrary, hexamethonium administration, by abolishing this gradient, lends support to the idea of a postganglionic atropine-resistant neuronal system responsible for the gradient.
Design and preparation of Zn-based materials possessing both high damping and good mechanical properties (2001)

A new idea of design and manufacture of metal-based materials possessing both high damping and good mechanical properties was proposed. The key of the idea is the combination of fining restriction-damping structures, using all mechanisms and taking advantages of different materials. Based upon this idea a foam ZA27 was prepared by the technology of prefabricated salt-mass centrifugal seeping foundry, its tensile strength and compressive strength are 83～119 MPa and 100～189 MPa, respectively. The damping properties of the foam ZA27 increase remarkably after the carpenter pastern or rosin (the damping-increased materials) was immerged into it, which approaches to the level of viscous-elastic polymer materials (Q-1≥20×10-3).
Comparative Analysis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived From Bone Marrow, Placenta, and Adipose Tissue as Sources of Cell Therapy (2015)

Various source-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with multipotent capabilities were considered for cell therapeutics of incurable diseases. The applicability of MSCs depends on the cellular source and on their different in vivo functions, despite having similar phenotypic and cytological characteristics. We characterized MSCs from different sources, including human bone marrow (BM), placenta (PL), and adipose tissue (AT), in terms of the phenotype, surface antigen expression, differentiation ability, proteome reference map, and blood flow recovery in a hindlimb ischemic disease model. The MSCs exhibit different differentiation potentials depending on the cellular source despite having similar phenotypic and surface antigen expression. We identified approximately 90 differentially regulated proteins. Most up- or down-regulated proteins show cytoskeletal or oxidative stress, peroxiredoxin, and apoptosis roles according to their functional involvement. In addition, the PL-MSCs retained a higher therapeutic efficacy than the BM- and AT-MSCs in the hindlimb ischemic disease model. In summary, we examined differentially expressed key regulatory factors for MSCs that were obtained from several cellular sources and demonstrated their differentially expressed proteome profiles. Our results indicate that primitive PL-MSCs have biological advantages relative to those from other sources, making PL-MSCs a useful model for clinical applications of cell therapy.
Defective poly(adenosine diphosphoribose) synthesis in Xeroderma pigmentosum (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDefective poly(adenosine diphosphoribose) synthesis in Xeroderma pigmentosumNathan A. Berger, Georgina W. Sikorski, Shirley J. Petzold, and Kevin K. KuroharaCite this: Biochemistry 1980, 19, 2, 289–293Publication Date (Print):January 22, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 22 January 1980https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00543a006RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views64Altmetric-Citations117LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (613 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Wolfram syndrome 1 and Wolfram syndrome 2 (2012)

The knowledge of WS1 and WS2 pathogenesis, and of the interactions between WFS1 and CISD2 genes, is useful for accurate diagnostic classification and for diagnosis of presymptomatic individuals.
Electrodeposition of Ductile Palladium (1968)

SummaryThe paper describes the development of an electrolyte based on tetrammine palladous bromide. [Pd(NH3)(]Br2, which can be operated over a range of conditions to provide coatings showing ductilities of up to 20 per cent. Preferred conditions are presented for vat plating, and initial barrel plating studies are described. Under preferred conditions the electrolyte operates with a cathode efficiency of over 90 per cent, and a rate of deposition of 1 micron per minute. An unusual feature is the ease of regeneration of the electrolyte by a simple procedure which effects substantial purification. The effects of common metallic impurities on coating properties are presented, and wear characteristics are discussed with reference to tests on 2·5 and 5·0 micron coatings produced in vat plating.
Mechanism of disintegration of biological cells in ultrasonic cavitation (1977)

Abstract On the basis of elastic waves released by imploding cavitation bubbles, a mechanism for biological cell disintegration in high intensity ultrasounds has been proposed. Comparison of this mechanism with the published results on yeast cells shows many points of agreement suggesting that yeast cell disintegration in ultrasonic cavitation occurs by shear stresses developed by viscous dissipative eddies arising from shock waves.
The Communicative Functions of Emoticons in Workplace E-Mails: :-) (2014)

CMC research presents emoticons as visual representations of writers' emotions. We argue that the emoticons in authentic workplace e-mails do not primarily indicate writers' emotions. Rather, they provide information about how an utterance is supposed to be interpreted. We show that emoticons function as contextualization cues, which serve to organize interpersonal relations in written interaction. They serve 3 communicative functions. First, when following signatures, emoticons function as markers of a positive attitude. Second, when following utterances that are intended to be interpreted as humorous, they are joke/irony markers. Third, they are hedges: when following expressive speech acts (such as thanks, greetings, etc.) they function as strengtheners and when following directives (such as requests, corrections, etc.) they function as softeners.
A 3.3 V all digital phase-locked loop with small DCO hardware and fast phase lock (2002)

In this paper, we aim to design and implement an all digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) circuit. The core of the ADPLL is the switch-tuning digital control oscillator (DCO). Our design of the DCO has features of small hardware cost. This ADPLL has characteristics of fast frequency locking, full digitization, easy design and implementation, and good stability. It is suitable to be used as the clock generator for high performance microprocessors. A prototype of this ADPLL chip is designed and implemented by TSMC's 0.6 /spl mu/m SPDM CMOS process. The simulation shows that this chip can operate in the range between 60 MHz and 400 MHz, and operates at 4/spl times/ the reference clock frequency. The phase lock process is 47 clock cycles, and the phase error is less than 0.1 ns. The IC consists of 4026 MOS transistors and the core size of the chip layout is 923 /spl mu/m/spl times/921 /spl mu/m.
Optimal focusing in a singly resonant optical parametric oscillator (1977)

A theoretical analysis is made of the possibility of constructing a cw singly resonant optical parametric oscillator. A numerical solution is given of the problem of optimal focusing of pump radiation with the aim of minimization of the lasing threshold. The calculations are carried out for spherical and hemispherical resonators making allowance for the birefringence of the nonlinear crystal.
Action Plans of Green r-Learning Services based on UCR(User Created Robots) (2011)

Expectation for improvement of creativity and problem-solving capability has increased the creative robotics classes in the form of after-school activity in more than half of total elementary schools. While Ministry of Education, Science and Technology has promoted 'Green IT Guidelines' as a part of 'Eco-friendly Green School Development Project', the Green issues have not been considered enough in those creative robotics classes. In this paper, we would like to address the Green issues, especially in the r-Learning services based on UCR (User Created Robots). First, trend of green IT education, r-Learning services and UCR are reviewed. And the current status of eco-related operations and teachers' perception in the robotics classes of elementary schools is investigated. Examples of Green UCR are also searched and green programs based on the three kinds of UCR, UC-TR, UC-AR, UC-CR, are explored. Finally, we propose action plans to promote the UCR-based r-Learning service reflecting green issues.
Role of NtrC in biofilm formation via controlling expression of the gene encoding an ADP‐<i>glycero‐manno</i>‐heptose‐6‐epimerase in the pathogenic bacterium, <i>Vibrio vulnificus</i> (2006)

To identify the genetic elements required for biofilm formation, we screened a pool of random Vibrio vulnificus mutants for their ability to form biofilms. One mutant displaying significantly decreased biofilm-forming activity was found to contain a transposon insertion in the ntrC gene. The ntrC gene encodes a well-known transcriptional activator. We examined how this regulator modulates a biofilm-forming process in V. vulnificus by searching for NtrC target gene(s). Comparison of the proteomes of ntrC mutant and wild-type strains grown under planktonic and biofilm stages revealed that synthesis of the protein homologous to GmhD (ADP-glycero-manno-heptose-6-epimerase) was elevated during the growth period for biofilm formation and was strongly influenced by NtrC. A luxAB-transcriptional fusion with the gmhD promoter region indicated that gmhD expression was positively regulated by both NtrC and RpoN. The function of the gmhD gene product in V. vulnificus was assessed by constructing and phenotypic analyses of an isogenic mutant. The gmhD mutant was defective in production of mature lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and exopolysaccharides (EPS), and demonstrated an attenuated ability to form a biofilm. These results suggest that NtrC acts as a key regulator of both LPS and EPS biosyntheses and, thereby, modulates critical steps in biofilm development of V. vulnificus.
Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Aluminum Nanocomposite via Plasma and High Velocity Oxy-Fuel Spray Forming (2007)

Free standing structures of hypereutectic aluminum-23 wt% silicon nanocomposite with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) reinforcement have been successfully fabricated by two different thermal spraying technique viz Plasma Spray Forming (PSF) and High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) Spray Forming. Comparative microstructural and mechanical property evaluation of the two thermally spray formed nanocomposites has been carried out. Presence of nanosized grains in the Al-Si alloy matrix and physically intact and undamaged carbon nanotubes were observed in both the nanocomposites. Excellent interfacial bonding between Al alloy matrix and MWCNT was observed. The elastic modulus and hardness of HVOF sprayed nanocomposite is found to be higher than PSF sprayed composites.
Evaporation Rate Monitor (1960)

A method for controlling the deposition rate of vacuum deposited films is described. This paper presents details of the rate sensing device and furnace control system. The control system utilizes a saturable-core reactor driven by the output of the rate monitor. This controls the furnace current, thus completing the system. Operation and calibration of the control system is described and experimental results are tabulated.
Distressed Financial Institutions in Thailand: Structural Weaknesses. Support Operations and Economic Consequences (1989)

The Thai financial system faced a crisis in 1983.Weak managerial practices and an inadequate legal and regulatory framework were associated with a gradual deterioration in many financial institutions' balance sheets; these weaknesses were brought to the fore by a sharp economic downturn in the first half of the 1980s.The Thai authorities took a number of measures to maintain stability in the financial system and to restructure insolvent financial institutions, including a substantial strengthening in the legal and regulatory framework.The crisis has impacted on the government budget deficit and caused shifts in the demand for financial aggregates and the supply of reserve money.
Quantitative Validation and Comparison of Multiplex Cytokine Kits (2010)

The focus of biomarker studies is shifting toward deciphering patterns of biomolecules as they provide a more comprehensive depiction of disease than individual biomarkers. Multiplexing technologies are crucial in deciphering such patterns, but it is essential that they are validated for reproducibility and precision to ensure accurate protein identification. Here the authors examine such properties in Cytokine Bead Array (CBA) and Luminex kits and compare concentration measurements to those obtained using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Luminex kits were found to be highly reproducible and reliable; however, CBA kits were not due to aberrant standards. Absolute cytokine concentrations were dependent on the detection kit, but correlations with ELISA were good for all technologies.
Coexistence of 3 Tumors of Neural Crest Origin (1998)

To our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient with this combination of 3 neural crest-derived tumors. This case is most appropriately classified as a complex neurocristopathy, a disorder involving the aberrant and pathological proliferation of multiple tissues derived from neural crest cells.
Economic Sustainability in the Evolving World: Implications for American Agriculture and Economists (2010)

American agriculture continues to evolve in response to both natural and social change. Both natural and social scientists respond by evaluating “what is” at any point in time, but each group also contributes a unique piece to the eventual solution. In the simplest terms, natural scientists identify and/or create “what can be” while economists (as a subgroup of social scientists) help identify “what will be” by providing decision-makers with the information and analysis needed to select among the available alternatives. In agriculture, the last few decades have been astonishingly dynamic as science has greatly sped up the industry’s evolution, thus creating the need for change in larger scale and scope. However, recent changes have brought agriculture into conflict with the environment in policy debates.
Induction of an Experimental PKU-Like Condition in Infant Rats During the First Two Weeks After Birth (1981)

The objective of this study is to induce the primary characteristics of phenylketonuria in infant rats during the first 2 weeks after birth. The critical biochemical parameter in the development of phenylketonuria is the elevation of plasma phenylalanine while tyrosine is maintained at a relatively low level. A PKU-like condition was induced in infant rats during the first 2 weeks after birth using a modification of our previously published procedure for the development of a temporary (1 to 3 days) PKU-like condition. Phenylalanine was administered by stomach intubation every 6 hours (starting at 6:00 a.m.) at a dose level of 400mg per kg body weight (after birth-day 2 thru 5) and 500mg per kg body weight (day 6 thru 14). Amethopterin was given at 0.00625 or 0.0125mg per kg body weight (day 3 thru 14) and p-chlorophenylalanine at 50 mg per kg body weight (day 5 thru 14) at 9:00 a.m. and 9:00 p.m. At the times measured (6,10 and 14 days) plasma phenylalanine/tyrosine (P/T) ratios were elevated from a normal value of the or less to values ranging from 6 to 15. During the second week after birth a staggering gait, abnormal stance and decreased social behavior were also observed. None of these PKU-like characteristics were apparent in the three control groups receiving (a) no phenylalanine or inhibitors, (b) phenylalanine alone, or (c) inhibitors alone. The establishment of these primary biochemical characteristics of phenylketonuria by stomach intubation of phenylalanine and a combination of low dose levels of enzyme inhibitors to infant rats provides an experimental system which should he valuable for extensive biochemical, histological and behavioral studies in phenylketonuria.
Network analysis of metabolic enzyme evolution in Escherichia coli (2004)

The retrograde evolution model predicts that homologous enzymes pairs are at short metabolic distances from each other. In general agreement with previous studies we find that homologous enzymes occur close to each other in the network more often than expected by chance, which lends some support to the retrograde evolution model. However, we show that the homologous enzyme pairs which may have evolved through retrograde evolution, namely the pairs that are functionally dissimilar, show a weaker over-representation at MPL 1 than the functionally similar enzyme pairs. Our study indicates that, while the retrograde evolution model may have played a small part, the patchwork evolution model is the predominant process of metabolic enzyme evolution.
Demonstration of Kathon® CG in some commercial products (1986)

The preservative Kathon CG has become one of the most common sensitizers. It has, however, been difficult to explain the sensitization and to assess the clinical relevance of the contact allergy, partly due to lack of specification of the preservative in products. A high-performance liquid chromatography method was used to demonstrate Kathon CG in 123 commercial products of both "leave on" and "rinse off" types. 38 of these contained Kathon CG in the range of 1-15 ppm of active ingredients. There were no differences between "leave on" and "rinse off" products concerning the relative number of products containing Kathon CG and the concentrations of the preservative.
Failure Probability Assessment for Pipelines under the Corrosion Effect (2014)

In this work, a numerical method was developed, by a reliability mechanical coupling, in order to define the reliability index and probability of failure evolutions for pipelines under corrosion effect. The chosen model, takes into account uniform and localized corrosion. Thus, the hardness and tensile tests were worked out to characterize the mechanical properties of pipelines material. Once the model was defined, a simulation was carried out by the software Phemica. The importance factors were also estimated. A methodology has been presented for the reliability analysis of pipelines subjected to localized corrosion. The variables influencing the reliability are treated as random variables and represented by suitable statistical distributions. An approximate limit state function was developed. Advanced first-order second moment reliability theory was employed for the estimation of the probability of pipeline failure by Phimeca software logiciel. From a numerical investigation, it was found that both defect depth and fluid pressure have significant influences on pipeline reliability.
Magnetic structure of greigite (Fe<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>) probed by neutron powder diffraction and polarized neutron diffraction (2009)

We have investigated greigite (Fe 3 S 4 ) using a combination of neutron powder diffraction and polarized neutron diffraction to give the first unambiguous assignment of its magnetic structure. Our results confirm that greigite has a collinear ferrimagnetic structure with antiferromagnetic coupling between the tetrahedral ( A ) and octahedral ( B ) sites. Our analysis also indicates that greigite does not have a significant vacancy concentration or spin canting. High‐resolution neutron powder diffraction results enable determination of sublattice magnetizations of the A and B sites. At room temperature, the average magnetic moments on the two sites are almost the same (∼3.0 μ B ), with a net magnetic moment of ∼3.0 μ B per formula unit (fu). The magnetic moment of the B sites decreases slightly between 10 K and room temperature, while the A site moment is relatively stable as a function of temperature; this indicates that greigite is probably an R‐type ferrimagnet. At 10 K, the average magnetic moments of the A and B sites are 3.0 μ B and 3.25 μ B , respectively. Neutron diffraction measurements, coupled with magnetic measurements, on our pure synthetic greigite samples indicate that the saturation magnetization of greigite is lower than that of magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ). It is proposed that the lower magnetic moment in greigite (saturation magnetization is ∼59 A m 2 kg −1 ) compared to magnetite is probably caused by an increased degree of covalency between iron and sulfur compared to oxygen ligands or by greater delocalization of the 3 d electrons in greigite.
Thyroid hormones induce features of the hypertrophic phenotype and stimulate correlates of CPPD crystal formation in articular chondrocytes. (1999)

Increased PPi elaboration is an additional and previously unrecognized feature of hypertrophic differentiation in articular chondrocytes. These terminally differentiated chondrocytes may play a pathogenic role in CPPD crystal deposition disease.
Certain Physical Properties and Applications of Nitinol. (1968)

Experimental investigations have been performed of a number of physical properties of the nickel-titanium alloy known as Nitinol. The program was limited to wires and tapes of two specific compositions. Four types of tests were undertaken to characterize some of the thermomechanical memory effects observed in this alloy: 1) Stress-strain, for repeated load applications at constant temperature. 2) Temperature-elongation, for repeated temperature cycles at constant stress level. 3) Temperature-elongation for repeated temperature cycles at discontinuously variable stress levels simulating a thermodynamic power generation cycle. 4) Differential thermal analysis of unstressed samples for the complete transition temperature range during repeated cooling and heating cycles. Based upon evaluation of the data obtained, a hypothesis of the deformation mechanism is postulated. Several engineering models demonstrating different applications of Nitinol were designed, fabricated, and tested. Descriptions of the physical properties characterized in the tests and of the various models and devices are presented in this report.