gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive instantaneous frequency estimation of multicomponent FM signals using quadratic time-frequency distributions (2002)

An adaptive approach to the estimation of the instantaneous frequency (IF) of nonstationary mono- and multicomponent FM signals with additive Gaussian noise is presented. The IF estimation is based on the fact that quadratic time-frequency distributions (TFDs) have maxima around the IF law of the signal. It is shown that the bias and variance of the IF estimate are functions of the lag window length. If there is a bias-variance tradeoff, then the optimal window length for this tradeoff depends on the unknown IF law. Hence, an adaptive algorithm with a time-varying and data-driven window length is needed. The adaptive algorithm can utilize any quadratic TFD that satisfies the following three conditions: First, the IF estimation variance given by the chosen distribution should be a continuously decreasing function of the window length, whereas the bias should be continuously increasing so that the algorithm will converge at the optimal window length for the bias-variance tradeoff, second, the time-lag kernel filter of the chosen distribution should not perform narrowband filtering in the lag direction in order to not interfere with the adaptive window in that direction; third, the distribution should perform effective cross-terms reduction while keeping high resolution in order to be efficient for multicomponent signals. A quadratic distribution with high resolution, effective cross-terms reduction and no lag filtering is proposed. The algorithm estimates multiple IF laws by using a tracking algorithm for the signal components and utilizing the property that the proposed distribution enables nonparametric component amplitude estimation. An extension of the proposed TFD consisting of the use of time-only kernels for adaptive IF estimation is also proposed.
Passive Fault Tolerance for a Magnetic Bearing Under PID Control (2001)

NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) has developed a Fault-Tolerant Magnetic Bearing Suspension rig to enhance the safety of the bearing system for multiple component failures. A simple proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller with no fault detection mechanisms was tested in a passive way where the initial bias current and control gains for all the eight heteropolar poles were not changed for the remaining active poles in the fault situations. The action of the integral term in the controller generated autonomous corrective actions for the pole failures to return the rotor to the set point (middle position) after the failure transient. The system stability and control of the rotor position were maintained over the entire speed range, where the rotor passes through the rigid body critical speeds and other rotor disturbances, provided that there was sufficient position stiffness and damping at low speeds. As far as the summation of force vectors of two attracting forces and rotor weight is zero, the passive fault tolerance was successfully demonstrated by using as few as two active poles out of the eight independent poles from each radial bearing (that is simply, 12 out of 16 poles dead). The rotor was spun without losing stability or desired position up to the rig’s maximum allowable speed of 20,000 rpm.
Effects of S-312, a new calcium antagonist, on the mechanical and electrophysiological responses of isolated cardiovascular preparations. (1989)

S-312, a new calcium antagonist with a bicyclic dihydrothienopyridine structure, potently relaxed the helical strips of various isolated rabbit arteries precontracted with high K+-depolarization, serotonin (5-HT) and U46619 (thromboxane A2 analogue), and it competitively inhibited Ca++-induced contractions in depolarized basilar and femoral arteries. These effects of S-312 were more potent than nifedipine and almost comparable to or slightly more potent than those of nicardipine. In comparison with nifedipine and nicardipine, the calcium antagonistic effect and the relaxant effect on 5-HT-induced contractions of S-312 were most prominent in the basilar artery. The potent vasodilating action of S-312 in the high K+-depolarized basilar artery was not easily reversed by washing. S-312 did not affect Ca++-induced contraction in the skinned fiber of guinea pig taenia caecum. The negative inotropic effect of S-312 in isolated guinea pig left atria was much less potent than those of nifedipine and nicardipine. S-312 above 10(-7) M preferentially increased AV nodal conduction time in Langendorff-perfused isolated rabbit hearts; and above 3 x 10(-8) M, it mainly decreased the maximum upstroke velocity of the action potential in isolated rabbit sinus node preparations. In summary, the present results indicate that S-312 is a potent new calcium antagonist possessing vasculoselectivity, especially for cerebral vessels.
Bone Abnormal Signal Incidentally Found in Pre-Biopsy Diffusion-Weighted MRI for Suspected Prostate Cancer: What Does It Reflect? (2014)

DW-MRI-positive bone lesions represent various coexisting types of bone lesions, including metastatic cancer in patients with suspected prostate cancer. T2WI findings and apparent diffusion coefficient values can be helpful in diagnosing metastatic cancer.
Turbo-coded optical PPM CDMA systems (2002)

We obtain upper bounds on the bit-error rate (BER) for turbo-coded optical code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems using pulse position modulation (PPM.) We use transfer function bounding techniques to obtain these bounds, so our results correspond to the average bound over all interleavers of a given length. We consider parallel concatenated coding (PCC) schemes that use recursive convolutional codes as constituent codes. We consider systems using an avalanche photodiode (APD), and treat APD noise, thermal noise, and multi-user interference using a Gaussian approximation. We compare the performance of turbo coded systems with that of BCH-coded systems with soft-decision decoding. We show that turbo-coded systems have better performance than BCH-coded systems.
Reducing code complexity in hybrid control systems (2010)

Modern control systems are limited in their ability to react flexibly and autonomously to changing situations by the complexity inherent in analysing situations where many variables are present. We present an architecture based on a combination of agent languages and hybrid systems for managing high level decisions in such systems. A preliminary case study suggests that the complexity of the code of such a system increases much more slower in the face of increasing complexity of the underlying system, than in a more traditional approach based on finite state machines.
Studies of chemical vapor deposition of amorphous silicon and transparent electrodes for solar cells. Final report, 1 April 1983-30 September 1984 (1985)

This report presents results of research on atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD), a promising alternative deposition technique for preparing hydrogenated amorphous silicon for use in thin-film solar cells and for preparing transparent conductive electrode layers. The lack of ion bombardment, the observed high deposition rates, and the overall simplicity of the technology could mean a sizable cost reduction in the large-scale manufacturing of amorphous silicon solar cells. Solar cells with at least 8% efficiency should be possible with APCVD amorphous silicon. Titanium nitride films produced by APCVD were shown to provide low-resistance electrical contact to tin oxide and also to highly doped silicon (both p and n-type, crystalline and amorphous).
Adaptive network control of a mobile base with an onboard arm for MARS greenhouse operation (2001)

MARS greenhouse needs mobile robots with on-board arms, that are capable of navigating autonomously in the greenhouse, performing tasks such as carrying trays containing plants, farming, harvesting, house keeping, inspection, cleaning, health monitoring and so on. An adaptive network framework is introduced for the motion control of a mobile base with an onboard arm using Lyapunov's approach and it is rigorously justified for the MARS Greenhouse operation scenario wherein the tray weight containing plants change considerably. Initially, a linear in the parameter (LIP) based adaptive controller is designed to estimate the unknown parameters of the mobile base plus robot arm system after the incorporation of nonholonomic constraints. Later, the proposed adaptive network approach, which relaxes several key assumptions, is shown to be applicable with any function approximator. This adaptive network approach provides an inner loop that accounts for possible motion of the on-board arm, with changing end effector loads, while the base is carrying out a task. The case of maintaining a desired course and speed as the on-board arm moves to its desired orientation with an unknown end effector load is considered.
Systematic Literature Review on the Immunogenicity of Biologics in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2016)

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are chronic inflammatory disorders that can be treated with biologic therapies. While the development of such therapies has led to key improvements in the treatment of IBD for the last decade, a loss of efficacy over time is often observed with biologic therapies, with immunogenicity a leading contributor to this loss of response. We evaluated the evidence on the formation of anti-drug antibodies (ADAbs) to biologics used to treat IBD. Methods: A systematic literature review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs or observational studies, in patients with CD or UC, was conducted on adalimumab (ADM), certolizumab pegol (CZP), golimumab, infliximab (IFX), ustekinumab (UST) and vedolizumab, using MEDLINE®, Embase® and the Cochrane Central Trials Register (Jan 2009 to Aug 2015). Study quality was assessed using recognized quality assessment tools, including the Jadad scoring system.Table 1: Range of rates of ADAbs formation to biologics in patients with CD or UC (a, b)Results: Of 22,334 screened abstracts; 938 articles were retrieved for full-text review and 114 studies from 122 publications assessed. Of these, 5 studies were excluded due to high risk of bias. Over 90% of studies reported on IFX and ADM, reflecting the time these agents have been approved. IFX was the most immunogenic agent (based on 10 RCTs and 63 non-RCTs/observational studies) and UST the least (based on 1 RCT) (Table). Presence of ADAbs was associated with reduced efficacy of ADM and IFX therapy. For ADM, the presence of ADAbs did not correlate with safety, but more ADAb-positive patients receiving IFX reported AEs than ADAb-negative patients. For ADM, CZP and IFX, ADAbpositive patients had lower serum levels of the biologic than ADAb-negative patients. In one CD study, monitoring ADAbs to IFX was more cost effective than dose escalation without drug monitoring and immunogenicity assessment. Conclusion: The potential clinical implication of lower biologic serum concentrations in the presence of immunogenicity is a concern for effective treatment and requires further study. More studies are required to assess the immunogenic potential of the more recently approved biologics. Diversity of study designs, patient populations, disease severity, concomitant therapies, assay methods and timing limits comparisons across studies. However, this analysis suggests that agents eliciting the lowest rate of immunogenicity may be preferential for treating CD and UC. Funded by Pfizer Inc.
Stirling engine developments for solar and other renewable energy resources in the 1980's (1982)

This paper presents Stirling engine developments over the past three years by United Stirling of Sweden, for applications to solar electric power and with other renewable energy resources, such as biomass fuel. The modern Stirling engine is described as well as the new 4 cylinder, double-acting designs from United Stirling. The Dish/Stirling electric power program at JPL/Edwards and Georgia Tech is discussed. Biomass combustion programs are reported, including in-house work and DOE activities. Wood fuel combustion problems are discussed. The potential for the 1980's of the Stirling in the mega-watt size is presented and applications of ceramic technology are explored.
Combining spectral estimation and BLU interpolation for the reconstruction of low-oversampled staggered SAR data (2018)

The combination of SCan-On-REceive with continuous variation of the pulse repetition interval during transmission (staggered operation) is a viable option for the acquisition of high-resolution-wide-swath SAR data. The data acquired in staggered mode is not uniformly sampled and contain gaps within the synthetic aperture mainly due to the interruption of reception during transmission (i.e, due to blockage). Hence, proper reconstruction strategies must be considered in order to minimize artifacts. Conventionally, large oversampling rates are required to ensure low ambiguity levels, but this is not always feasible due to data-rate constraints. Based on an existing two-step (recovery/re-sample) methodology, this paper proposes an strategy for reconstructing low-oversampled staggered data which improves the reconstruction of point-like targets while ensuring the best performance for distributed scatterers.
Rat thymus reconstitution after thymocyte destruction by glucocorticoid treatment--from the view of endogenous DNA synthesis and soybean lectin responsiveness in thymocytes. (1990)

The dynamic process in rat thymocyte restoration after their destruction by glucocorticoid (GC) administration was examined. Thymus weight and thymocyte count became minimal 4-5 days after the administration. Then the thymus took a course of recovery. Endogenous DNA synthesis in thymocytes, reflecting their proliferation within thymus, decreased for 4 days but began to increase 6-8 days after GC treatment. Thymocyte responsiveness to soybean lectin (SBL), a possible stimulator for T-cell-precursors, showed elevation 4-5 days after the treatment. A marked decrease of lymphocytes in the cortex and unclearness of cortico-medullary junction were observed 2-3 days after GC treatment. Clusters of small lymphoid cells, which possibly contained SBL-responding cells, were found in the subcapsular area 4 days after the treatment and successively, large lymphocytes became visible in the same area. Thereafter, small lymphocytes in the cortical mid and deep zones increased, and cortico-medullary junction was restored. These histological features are discussed from the view of correspondence with the dynamic changes of endogenous DNA synthesis and SBL responsiveness in the thymocytes after GC administration.
On the Impact of Network Topology on Wireless Sensor Networks Performances: Illustration with Geographic Routing (2014)

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are composed of constrained devices and deployed in unattended and hostile environments. Most papers presenting solutions for WSN evaluate their work over random topologies to highlight some of their "good" performances. They rarely study these behaviors over more than one topology. Yet, the topology used can greatly impact the routing performances. This is what we demonstrate in this paper. We present a study of the impact of the network topology on algorithm performance in WSNs and illustrate it with the geographic routing. Geographic routing relies on node coordinates to route data packets from source to destination. We measure the impact of different network topologies from realistic ones to regular and very popular ones through extensive simulation and experimentation campaigns. We show that different topologies can lead to a difference of up to 25% on delivery ratio and average route length and more than 100% on energy costs.
Genetic dissection of quantitative epigenomic variation in yeast (2013)

Advances in epigenomics are opening the exciting perspective to associate chromatin variation to the variation of physiological traits in natural populations. Yet, inter-individual epigenomic differences may or may not result from regulatory variation encoded in the DNA. If they do, association then resumes to mapping underlying genetic variants, as for any genetic study. If they don’t, association requires a framework where the epigenetic nature of the variation is taken into account, in particular its potential reversibility. The development of population epigenomics therefore requires an assessment of the nature of epigenomic variation. As a model experimental system, we have traced quantitative variation of acetylation at Lysine 14 of Histone H3 at all nucleosomes in a segregating population of S. cerevisiae. Treating acetylation of every nucleosome as a quantitative trait allowed the identification of hundreds of genetic loci underlying epigenomic divergence either locally (in cis) or distantly (in trans), and this genetic control overlapped only partially with the genetic control of gene expression. We also estimated the stability of epigenetic differences across environmentally induced reprogramming. Strikingly, ‘labile’ and ‘persistent’ nucleosomal variations were associated with poor and strong genetic control, respectively. The study reveals the dual nature of natural chromatin epi-polymorphisms (DNA-encoded vs. not), providing a basis for the development of population epigenomics. Supported by grant SiGHT no281359 from the E.U.
Buckling and failure of sandwich plates with graphite-epoxy faces and various cores (1987)

A study of the compressive failure of sandwich plates was conducted. Twenty-one panels (250 X 250 mm) were manufactured with [ + 457 - 45/0 ]s graphite-epoxy face sheets and three types of cores- Nomex honeycomb, Rohacell foam, and aluminum honeycomb-in three different thicknesses - 3.2, 6.4, and 9.6 mm. These panels were tested under uniaxial compression with clamped loaded edges and simply supported sides, and overall buckling was the only type of instability that was observed here. The effects of these different cores were investigated, and three types of failure modes were observed - core failure, disbond, and face fracture. Initial out-of-plane imperfections were found to have an important effect on the final failure load for thick panels but only a small influence for thin panels. Using the stresses predicted by a nonlinear analysis and appropriate failure criteria, namely maximum transverse shear stress for the core or bond failure and stress interaction for the face fracture, failure load predictions that are in good agreement with the experimental data can be made.
Impact of blending reuse and lake water on treated water quality (2006)

The impact of supplementing a raw drinking water source with reuse water was examined. Reuse water produced from municipal wastewater by a membrane bioreactor and reverse osmosis (MBR-RO) system was blended with untreated Lake Ontario water, then subjected to conventional water treatment processes, and evaluated in terms of disinfection by-products (DBPs), nitrate, and coliforms. The addition of reuse water to the lake water improved water quality in terms of total organic carbon (TOC) and bromide, which resulted in reduced trihalomethane (THM) formation. This appeared to be entirely due to dilution with no specific impact from the conventional treatment process. Nitrate levels in the reuse water (1.4 mg/L) were higher than the lake water (0.4 mg/L) and, therefore, an increase in the reuse water : lake water blend ratio resulted in a linear increase in nitrate levels. The conventionally treated blend water was shown to meet typical drinking water regulations for THMs, haloacetic acids (HAAs), total coliform, and nitrate. Key words: water reuse, drinking water supplement, reverse osmosis, membrane bioreactor, conventional water treatment, disinfection by-products, nitrate.
<title>Wear, corrosion, and cavitation erosion characteristics of laser-surface-alloyed gray cast iron</title> (1990)

There is significant industrial interest in methods to improve the surface properties of cast iron. This paper describes investigations of laser treatments to enhance cast iron surfaces by alloying with the elements chromium, nickel or cobalt, or a cobalt/chromium mixture. The coatings achieved are of high integrity, low porosity and uniform in composition, microstructure and hardness. Alloyed surfaces have been subjected to corrosion testing in a range of acids and to wear and cavitation erosion in distilled and salt waters. The data show substantial improvements over those obtained from unalloyed material. Results are presented and discussed including the response of the microstructure to the testing environments.
Structural, optical, and redox properties of lamellar solids derived from copper(1) complexes and n-butylammonium uranyl phosphate and arsenate. Technical report (1989)

A family of hydrated, layered solids was prepared from intercalative ion-exchange reactions of n-butylammonium uranyl phosphate (BAUP) or arsenate (BAUAs), (n-C/sub 4/H/sub 9/NH/sub 3/)-UO/sub 2/EO4.3H/sub 2/O (E = P, As), with Cu(LL)2+ complexes (LL is dmp = 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline; or bcp = 2,9-dimethyl1-1,10-phenanthroline). The products obtained were analyzed as having compositions (Cu(LL)2)x(BA)1-xU02E04.2H20 with x approx.0.2. Xray powder diffraction data reveal that the compounds are single phases that can be indexed on the basis of a tetragonal unit cell. The solids exhibit absorption and photoluminescence (PL) properties characteristic of the Cu(LL)2+species; the Cu(I) complexes completely quench the uranyl PL. Once intercalated, the Cu(I) complexes can be oxidized using Br2 vapor and re-reduced either photochemically or by N2H4 vapor, as shown by changes in electronic and EPR spectra.
ChemInform Abstract: Substituted Benzotrichloride Synthesis by Phase Transfer Catalyzed Chlorination. (1986)

Abstract Die Benzyl‐ und Benzalchloride (I) lassen sich durch Tetrachlormethan oder Hexachlorethan (II) unter Phasen‐Transfer‐Bedingungen in Benzotrichloride (III) überführen.
Nanostructure and Composition Control of Fluorocarbon Films from Modulated Tetrafluoroethylene Plasmas (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTNanostructure and Composition Control of Fluorocarbon Films from Modulated Tetrafluoroethylene PlasmasG. Cicala, A. Milella, F. Palumbo, P. Rossini, P. Favia, and R. d'AgostinoView Author Information Istituto di Metodologie Inorganiche e dei Plasmi, CNR, Sezione di BARI, Dipartimento di Chimica-Università di Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy Cite this: Macromolecules 2002, 35, 24, 8920–8922Publication Date (Web):October 22, 2002Publication History Received18 April 2002Revised4 October 2002Published online22 October 2002Published inissue 1 November 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma025536ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma025536erapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views287Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Crystal structure,Deposition,Morphology,Plasma,Thin films Get e-Alerts