gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Memory in patients with cerebellar degeneration (1993)

Eleven patients with relatively selective cerebellar degeneration and 11 normal control subjects underwent a comprehensive neurologic and neuropsychological examination. The neuropsychological tests assessed general intellectual ability, different aspects of memory (effortful, automatic, and implicit memory processes), speed of information processing, and verbal fluency (using both category and letter fluency tasks). The results indicated that cerebellar patients were significantly impaired only on tasks requiring the use of executive functions, such as the initiation/perseveration subtest of the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale or the fluency tests, and on memory measures requiring greater processing effort. They performed normally on automatic and implicit measures of memory. Performance on the effortful memory and executive measures was not associated with neurologic variables or mood state. After controlling for the initiation/perseveration deficit, the effortful memory scores of the cerebellar patients were no longer different from those of controls. The present study suggests that memory in patients with relatively pure cerebellar dysfunction is only partially compromised and that the impairment is secondary to a deficit in executive functions.
Odorant inhalation affects skin barrier homeostasis in mice and humans (2000)

Previous studies have suggested that psychological stress delays cutaneous barrier recovery following acute barrier disruption, and that sedative drugs block this delay. A sedative effect of some odorants has been reported. In the present study, we demonstrate that odorant inhalation affects cutaneous barrier homeostasis in both mice and humans. Odorants with a sedative effect prevented the delay of skin barrier recovery induced by stress after acute barrier disruption. Other odorants did not show this effect.
Ring expansion by tandem double Tebbe–Claisen technology (1992)

2-Cyclohexenone rings that form part of a larger structural assembly are amenable to peracid oxidation with formation of an epoxy lactone. These intermediates are readily transformed under acidic, basic, or neutral conditions to ring-contracted aldehydo lactones, which are then subjected to condensation with a slight excess of Tebbe reagent. These conditions result in methylenation of carbonyl groups and set the stage for operation of a Claisen rearrangement. When the latter is catalyzed by Tribal, the sigmatropic process occurs at room temperature. With systems typified by 17 and 24, the isomerization is complete within 15 min. The presence of a proximate angular methyl group as in 9b, 29, and 37 exerts a retarding kinetic effect. In such examples, a period of 6 h is required to achieve completion. Swern oxidation completes the conversion to the 4-cyclooctenones, where the two carbons stemming from the Tebbe reagent are inserted between the original carbonyl and α-olefinic carbons. The overall process is tolerant of ether functionality and additional sites of unsaturation.
Double-barrier Superlattice Infrared Photodetector Integrated with Multiple Quantum-Well Infrared Photodetector to Improve Performance (2012)

An infrared photodetector which has a 15-period superlattice (SL) sandwiched by double barriers with multiple quantum wells (MQWs) inserted in the right side of them has investigated. Photoelectrons can bounce back and forth in the second miniband between two barriers and then inject through the graded barrier to enhance the photocurrent. MQWs is utilized to reduce the noise current power and add response range. Because of enhanced photocurrent and low noise gain, this detector shows satisfactory detectivity (D*) 1.85 × 1010 cm Hz0.5/W (at 8.2 μm and 0.7 V under 80 K). Due to combination of superlattice and multiple quantum wells infrared photodetectors, multi-color detection can be achieved by bias magnitude modification. From the experimental results, this device is the promising candidate of a pixel in the focal plane array.
All-optical transport and compression of ytterbium atoms into the surface of a solid immersion lens (2012)

We present an all-optical method to load ${}^{174}$Yb atoms into a single layer of an optical trap near the surface of a solid immersion lens which improves the numerical aperture of a microscope system. Atoms are transported to a region 20 $\ensuremath{\mu}$m below the surface using a system comprised by three optical dipole traps. The ``optical accordion'' technique is used to create a condensate and compress the atoms to a width of 120 nm and a distance of 1.8 $\ensuremath{\mu}$m away from the surface. Moreover, we are able to verify that after compression the condensate behaves as a two-dimensional quantum gas.
Spectrum Data Poisoning with Adversarial Deep Learning (2018)

Machine learning has been applied in wireless communications. In this paper, we consider the case that a cognitive transmitter senses the spectrum and transmits on idle channels determined by a machine learning algorithm. We then present an adversarial machine learning approach to launch a spectrum data poisoning attack. That is, an adversary learns the transmitter's behavior and attempts to falsify the spectrum sensing data over the air by transmitting for a short period of time when the channel is idle to manipulate the input for the decision mechanism of the transmitter. The cognitive engine at the transmitter is a deep neural network model that predicts idle channels with minimum sensing error for data transmissions. The transmitter collects spectrum sensing data and uses it as the input to its machine learning algorithm. In the meantime, the adversary also builds a cognitive engine using another deep neural network model to predict when the transmitter will have a successful transmission based on its spectrum sensing data. The adversary then performs the over-the-air spectrum data poisoning attack, which aims to change the channel occupancy status from idle to busy when the transmitter is sensing, so that the transmitter is fooled into making incorrect transmit decisions. This attack is more energy efficient and harder to detect compared to jamming of data transmissions. We show that this attack is very effective and reduces the throughput of the transmitter substantially.
Neugebauer and Demichel: Dependence and independence in n‐screen superpositions for colour printing (2000)

The Neugebauer equations and the Demichel equations on which they are based are one of the basic tools for modeling colour printing systems that use the halftoning technique.However, these equations implicitly assume that the colour ink distributions in the screen superposition are statistically independent.We show that this condition is not satisfied in the conventional screen superposition used for colour printing, and we discuss the consequences of this fact.Furthermore, we give a precise criterion that determines, for any number of superposed regular screens, in which cases the Demichel (and hence the Neugebauer) equations are satisfied, and in which cases they fail: The Demichel equations fail in all cases where the screen superposition is singular, and they are satisfied in all nonsingular screen superpositions.We illustrate our results with several examples of both cases.
Plutonium dioxide particle imaging using a high-resolution alpha imager for radiation protection (2021)

The internal exposure of workers who inhale plutonium dioxide particles in nuclear facilities is a crucial matter for human protection from radiation. To determine the activity median aerodynamic diameter values at the working sites of nuclear facilities in real time, we developed a high-resolution alpha imager using a ZnS(Ag) scintillator sheet, an optical microscope, and an electron-multiplying charge-coupled device camera. Then, we designed and applied a setup to measure a plutonium dioxide particle and identify the locations of the individual alpha particles in real time. Employing a Gaussian fitting, we evaluated the average spatial resolution of the multiple alpha particles was evaluated to be 16.2 ± 2.2 μmFWHM with a zoom range of 5 ×. Also, the spatial resolution for the plutonium dioxide particle was 302.7 ± 4.6 µmFWHM due to the distance between the plutonium dioxide particle and the ZnS(Ag) scintillator. The influence of beta particles was negligible, and alpha particles were discernible in the alpha-beta particle contamination. The equivalent volume diameter of the plutonium dioxide particle was calculated from the measured count rate. These results indicate that the developed alpha imager is effective in the plutonium dioxide particle measurements at the working sites of nuclear facilities for internal exposure dose evaluation.
(<i>R</i>)-Di-μ-acetato-κ<sup>2</sup><i>O</i>:<i>O</i>′-bis{[2-(1-aminoethyl)phenyl-κ<sup>2</sup><i>C</i><sup>1</sup>,<i>N</i>]palladium(II)}, (<i>R</i>)-di-μ-chloro-bis{[2-(1-aminoethyl)phenyl-κ<sup>2</sup><i>C</i><sup>1</sup>,<i>N</i>]palladium(II)} and [<i>SP</i>-4-4]-(<i>R</i>)-[2-(1-aminoethyl)phenyl-κ<sup>2</sup><i>C</i><sup>1</sup>,<i>N</i>]chloro(pyridine-κ<i>N</i>)palladium(II) (2002)

The title complexes, [Pd(2)(C(8)H(10)N)(2)(C(2)H(3)O(2))(2)], (I), [Pd(2)(C(8)H(10)N)(2)Cl(2)], (II), and [Pd(C(8)H(10)N)Cl(C(5)H(5)N)], (III), respectively, have been prepared as intermediates and the final product of a cyclopalladation reaction sequence, and their structures studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complexes (I) and (II) represent the first structurally characterized dinuclear cyclopalladation products of primary amines. For (I) and (III), pseudosymmetry relates two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit.
Constraint-driven frequency scaling in a Coarse Grain Reconfigurable Array (2014)

This paper introduces a self-optimizing processor/coprocessor model supported by a feedback control system to achieve power efficiency. The software on the processor receives high-level performance constraints (i.e., real-time limits) as goal from the user and in return controls the clock speed of the coprocessor and memories, ensuring the performance constraints are met while minimizing power dissipation. The system is prototyped on a Stratix-V Field Programmable Gate Array device. The self-optimization feature requires less than 0.5% of the overall logic resources and provides a 33% reduction in average dynamic power dissipation when the control system activates for a proof-of-concept test case derived from Fast Fourier Transform processing at the IEEE-802.11n demodulator.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrous Non‐Crystalline Phosphates: Structure, Function and a New White Pigment (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Inferring disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis using predictive modeling in administrative claims databases (2019)

A prediction model demonstrated good discrimination across multiple claims databases to identify RA patients with a prescription claim for advanced therapies during different time-at-risk periods as proxy for current and future moderate-to-severe disease. This work provides a robust model-derived risk score that can be used as a potential covariate and proxy measure to adjust for confounding by severity in multivariable models in the RA population. An R package to develop the prediction model and risk score are available in an open source platform for researchers.
The Seebeck effect in highly conductive mu c-Ge:H films and its application to sensors (2002)

By combining a plasma CVD (chemical vapor deposition) system with a real-time annealing monitoring system, a highly conductive mu c-Ge:H film has been successfully fabricated on a glass substrate. This film generates a large amount of thermoelectric power (maximum -420 mu V/K). Using this microcrystalline Ge:H film thermopile, an optical power sensor and thermal vacuum gauge have been developed. In particular, when this mu c-Ge:H thermopile was used together with a low-reflectance Ni-P optical absorber, a high-accuracy, quick-response laser beam power sensor with the following characteristics was realized: responsivity, 0.3 mV/mW; response time, 1.8 s; wavelength range, 0.4 to 1.8 mu m; diameter of active area, 6 mm phi ; and resistance, 600 Omega to 1 k Omega .< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Oral Urea as an Osmotic Ocular Hypotensive Agent (1959)

The use of osmotic agents in the treatment of all types of glaucoma has recently received impetus from the introduction of urea into clinical ophthalmology.<sup>1</sup>The theoretical superiority of this drug as compared to previously used osmotic solutions has been well substantiated. Its low molecular weight, relatively poor ocular penetrance, and inertness make it eminently successful as an ocular hypotensive agent. However, though the effects of oral urea have been reported,<sup>2</sup>most studies have dealt with the intravenous route of administration. Furthermore, no discussion has appeared relating intraocular pressure to oral urea administration. Consequently, with this latter thought in mind, the present study was undertaken. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> Patients were obtained from the glaucoma clinic of The New York Hospital. Early pilot experiments revealed that absorption of the material was excellent, and that high blood levels could be obtained. A dosage level of 1.5 gm. per kilogram was
Hawaiian Plant Studies. VI. The Structure of Holeinine<sup>1</sup> (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHawaiian Plant Studies. VI. The Structure of Holeinine1PAUL J. SCHEUER and JANE T. HAMAMOTO METZGERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 9, 3069–3071Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1961https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01067a006Request reuse permissionsArticle Views44Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (372 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Toward a mechanistic understanding of radiation effects in materials (1998)

Abstract This paper will present a brief overview of the present understanding of radiation effects in materials. Progress in fundamental understanding of void swelling, phase formation and stability, irradiation creep, and post-irradiation mechanical properties has been gained through comparison of experimental data with the predictions of theoretical models. Applications of the understanding of radiation effects in materials have led to the development of candidate structural materials for use in aggressive radiation environments. Compositional and microstructural controls have been used to achieve the necessary properties and radiation damage resistance. Some of the key issues facing pressure vessel steels, ceramics, and fusion structural materials are described.
General Strategy to Synthesize Uniform Mesoporous TiO<sub>2</sub>/Graphene/Mesoporous TiO<sub>2</sub>Sandwich-Like Nanosheets for Highly Reversible Lithium Storage (2015)

Uniform oxide deposition on graphene to form a sandwich-like configuration is a well-known challenge mainly due to their large lattice mismatches and poor affinities. Herein, we report a general strategy to synthesize uniform mesoporous TiO2/graphene/mesoporous TiO2 sandwich-like nanosheets (denoted as G@mTiO2), which cannot be achieved by conventional one-pot synthetic methods. We show that by rational control of hydrolysis and condensation of Ti precursors in a slow way, GO sheets can be conformably coated by amorphous TiO2 shells, which then can be facilely transformed into the well-defined G@mTiO2 nanosheets by annealing. This amorphous-to-crystalline strategy conveniently allows bypassing strain fields that would inevitably arise if direct growth of mesoporous anatase shells on graphene. As distinct from the most common structures of graphene-based composites (mixed, wrapped, or anchored models), the resultant materials display a uniform sandwich-like configuration: few-layer graphene conformably encapsulated by mesoporous TiO2 shells. This new G@mTiO2 nanosheet exhibits ultrathin nature (∼34 nm), small size and high crystalline nanocrystals (∼6 nm), high surface areas (∼252 m(2)/g) and uniform mesopores (∼3.4 nm). We further show that the thickness of mesoporous TiO2 shells can be facilely adjusted as desired by controlling the ammonia content, and this facile strategy can be easily extended to design other oxide/graphene/oxide sandwich-like materials. More importantly, we showcase the benefits of the resultant G@mTiO2 nanosheets as anodes in lithium ion batteries: they deliver an extra high capacity, an excellent high-rate capability, and long cycle life.
Wave interactions in buckling: Self-organization of a metal surface on a structured polymer layer (2004)

We report on self-organized metal surface patterns that result when a thin bilayer of a metal on a periodically corrugated polymer layer is annealed. A theoretical basis is provided for the self-organization that is verified by experiment. The wave number of the surface pattern is determined by a square law relationship involving the corrugation wave number and the intrinsic wave number of the bilayer. The phase shift between the wave on the ridge and that on the groove is related to an uncertainty in the corrugation wave number. Free energy minimization dictates connectivity of the two waves and fidelity of the metal surface pattern.
300-kW Solar Electric Propulsion System Configuration for Human Exploration of Near-Earth Asteroids (2011)

The use of Solar Electric Propulsion (SEP) can provide significant benefits for the human exploration of near-Earth asteroids. These benefits include substantial cost savings - represented by a significant reduction in the mass required to be lifted to low Earth orbit - and increased mission flexibility. To achieve these benefits, system power levels of 100's of kW are necessary along with the capability to store and process tens of thousands of kilograms of xenon propellant. The paper presents a conceptual design of a 300-kW SEP vehicle, with the capability to store nearly 40,000 kg of xenon, to support human missions to near-Earth asteroids.
Developmental analysis of two sex-determining genes, M and F, in the housefly, Musca domestica. (1993)

In the housefly, Musca domestica, a single dominant factor, M, determines maleness. Animals hemi-or heterozygous for M are males, whereas those without M develop as females. In certain strains, however, both sexes are homozygous for M, and an epistatic dominant factor, FD, dictates female development. The requirement for these factors was analyzed by producing, with mitotic recombination, mosaic animals consisting of genetically male and female cells. Removal of FD from an M/M;FD/+ cell at any time of larval development, even in the last larval instar, resulted in sex-reversal, i.e., in the development of a male clone in an otherwise female fly. In contrast, when M was removed from M/+ cells, the resulting clones remained male despite their female genotype, even when the removal of M happened at embryonic stages. The occurrence of spontaneous gynandromorphs, however, shows that the loss of M in individual nuclei prior to blastoderm formation causes the affected cells to adopt the female pathway. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that M is the primary sex-determining signal which sets the state of activity of the key gene F at around the blastoderm stage. Parallels and differences to the sex-determining system of Drosophila are discussed.
Differentiation of Brucella ovis from Brucella abortus by gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of cellular fatty acids (1984)

The cellular fatty acid composition of Brucella ovis and Brucella abortus strains was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Both species were characterized by the presence of fatty acids 16:0, 17:0, 17:0 cyclopropane, 18:0, 18:1, and 19:0 cyclopropane; B. ovis also contained some 15:0. There were differences in the relative proportions of the fatty acids present, and it was possible to differentiate B. ovis from B. abortus on the basis of the absence of 15:0, lower concentrations of 17:0 and 18:1, and higher concentrations of 19:0 cyclopropane in B. abortus. The data indicate that analysis of cellular fatty acid composition by gas-liquid chromatography can be used for the identification of B. ovis and its differentiation from B. abortus.
Low frequency pulsation in the VCSEL coupled to a long external cavity (2001)

The authors report an experimental study of the instability behaviour of a VCSEL coupled to a very long external cavity (Lex=50 cm). The coated window of the TO packaged device used in this work was removed to allow a high level of optical feedback to be applied from an external high quality mirror. A significant change in the threshold current was introduced by the external cavity, and a kink in the L–I characteristic was observed above the threshold current region of the solitary laser. Within the kink region of the L–I curve, low frequency pulsation (LFP) was observed which is different from the feedback-induced low frequency fluctuations (LFFs) noticed in conventional edge-emitting lasers. LFFs are usually attributed to the competition between the external cavity longitudinal modes, whereas LFP observed in the present study can be attributed to competition between the orthogonal polarisation modes.
Induction of apoptosis in liver tumors by the monoterpene perillyl alcohol. (1995)

The monoterpenes d-limonene and perillyl alcohol (POH) inhibit the growth of mammary tumors. In this investigation we tested whether POH is also effective in reducing liver tumor growth. Diethylnitrosamine was used to induce liver tumors in male Fischer 344 rats. Two weeks after diethylnitrosamine exposure was discontinued, the animals were divided into POH-treated and untreated groups. The mean liver tumor weight for the POH-treated rats after 19 weeks of POH treatment was 10-fold less than that for the untreated animals. POH did not influence tumor cell proliferation but increased the apoptotic index approximately 10-fold. The mRNA levels for the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor and the transforming growth factor beta type I, II, and III receptors were also significantly increased in the liver tumors from the POH-treated animals when compared to the corresponding receptor mRNA levels in the normal tissue surrounding the tumors and in the tumors of untreated animals. These results demonstrate that POH does not promote the formation of liver tumors, but rather inhibits their growth by enhancing tumor cell loss through apoptosis.