gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetic Analysis Verifies P450 Function During In Vitro and In Vivo Application of a Bioartificial Liver (1993)

Lidocaine is a sensitive substrate for evaluating liver P450 function. In this study, metabolism of lidocaine by xenogen-eic hepatocytes in a hollow fiber, bioartificial liver was measured under in vitro conditions (n=6) and in an anhepa-tic rabbit model. Animals in the treatment group (n=6) received hemoperfusion by a bioartificial liver that contained 100 million rat hepatocytes. Other anhepatic rabbits received no hemoperfusion (n=3) or a bioartificial liver with no cells (n=3). Lidocaine clearance was 7.0 ± 0.6 ml/min, and the half-life of lidocaine was 5.6 ± 0.8 hr under in vitro conditions. Conversion of lidocaine to 3-hydroxy-lidocaine was confirmed in vitro and accounted for 46% of lidocaine elimination in the hepatocyte bioartificial liver. During in vivo application of the bioartificial liver, pharmacokinetic parameters of lidocaine metabolism, including drug half-life and metabolite formation, were significantly improved in anhepatic rabbits. 3-Hydroxy-lidocaine profiles verified the activity of a P450 isozyme expressed preferentially by rat hepatocytes in the bioartificial liver. We conclude that hepatic P450 activity was provided by xenogeneic hepatocytes during in vitro and in vivo applications of a bioartificial liver.
Polyethyleneammonium Chlorocuproates<sup>1</sup> (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolyethyleneammonium Chlorocuproates1Hans B. Jonassen, Thomas B. Crumpler, and Thomas D. O'BrienCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1945, 67, 10, 1709–1711Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01226a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01226a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views64Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Internal Resonances in Microbeam Arrays Subject to Electrodynamical Parametric Excitation (2007)

The dynamic response of parametrically excited microbeam arrays is governed by nonlinear effects which directly influence their performance. To date, documented theoretical models consist of lumped-mass systems which do not resolve the spatio-temporal interaction of the individual elements and reproduce measured array response only qualitatively. A consistent nonlinear continuum model is derived using the extended Hamilton’s principle to capture the salient dynamic features of an array of N nonlinearly coupled microbeams. The nonlinear dynamic equations of motion are solved analytically using the asymptotic multiple-scales method for the weakly nonlinear system. Stability analysis of the resulting coexisting solutions enables construction of a comprehensive bifurcation structure for the system. Analytically obtained results for the weakly nonlinear limit of two coupled microbeams are verified numerically.
Making ATRP More Practical: Oxygen Tolerance (2021)

Atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is a well-known technique for the controlled polymerization of vinyl monomers under mild conditions. However, as with any other radical polymerization, ATRP typically requires rigorous oxygen exclusion, making it time-consuming and challenging to use by nonexperts. In this Account, we discuss various approaches to achieving oxygen tolerance in ATRP, presenting the overall progress in the field.Copper-mediated ATRP, which we first discovered in the late 1990s, uses a Cu<sup>I</sup>/L activator that reversibly reacts with the dormant C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-X polymer chain end, forming a X-Cu<sup>II</sup>/L deactivator and a propagating radical. Oxygen interferes with activation and chain propagation by quenching the radicals and oxidizing the activator. At ATRP equilibrium, the activator is present at a much higher concentration than the propagating radicals. Thus, oxidation of the activator is the dominant inhibition pathway. In conventional ATRP, this reaction is irreversible, so oxygen must be strictly excluded to achieve good results.Over the last two decades, our group has developed several ATRP techniques based on the concept of regenerating the activator. When the oxidized activator is continuously converted back to its active reduced form, then the catalytic system itself can act as an oxygen scavenger. Regeneration can be accomplished by reducing agents and photo-, electro-, and mechanochemical stimuli. This family of methods offers a degree of oxygen tolerance, but most of them can tolerate only a limited amount of oxygen and do not allow polymerization in an open vessel.More recently, we discovered that enzymes can be used in auxiliary catalytic systems that directly deoxygenate the reaction medium and protect the polymerization process. We developed a method that uses glucose oxidase (GOx), glucose, and sodium pyruvate to very effectively scavenge oxygen and enable open-vessel ATRP. By adding a second enzyme, horseradish peroxidase (HPR), we managed to extend the role of the auxiliary enzymatic system to generating carbon-based radicals and changed ATRP from an oxygen-sensitive to an oxygen-fueled reaction.While performing control experiments for the enzymatic methods, we noticed that using sodium pyruvate under UV irradiation triggers polymerization without the presence of GOx. This serendipitous discovery allowed us to develop the first oxygen-proof, small-molecule-based, photoinduced ATRP system. It has oxygen tolerance similar to that of the enzymatic methods, exhibits superior compatibility with both aqueous media and organic solvents, and avoids problems associated with purifying polymers from enzymes. The system was able to rapidly polymerize <i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide, a challenging monomer, with a high degree of control.These contributions have substantially simplified the use of ATRP, making it more practical and accessible to everyone.
Partitioning and Persistence of Trichlorfon and Chlorpyrifos in a Creeping Bentgrass Putting Green (2002)

Golf course putting greens typically receive high pesticide applications to meet high quality demands. Research on pesticide fate in turf ecosystems is important to better understand the potential impact of pesticide use on the environment and human health. This research was conducted to evaluate the environmental fate of two commonly used insecticides--trichlorfon (dimethyl 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethylphosphonate) and chlorpyrifos (O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridylphosphorothioate)--in a creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) putting green under customary field management practices at the University of California-Riverside Turf Research Facility during 1996 and 1997. The two insecticides were chosen because of their difference in water solubility, persistence, adsorption, and vapor pressure. Volatilization, clipping removal, and soil residues of the insecticides were quantified and leaching was monitored using lysimeters installed in putting green plots. Results showed trichlorfon volatilization, clipping removal, and leaching loss was insignificant (in the range of 0.0001-0.06% of applied mass) both in 1996 and 1997. No significant difference in clipping removal of trichlorfon and chlorpyrifos was observed in both years (0.06 and 0.05% of applied mass for trichlorfon and 0.15 and 0.19% of applied mass for chlorpyrifos, respectively, in 1996 and 1997), but significantly lower cumulative leaching and lower soil concentration was observed in 1997 than in 1996. Volatilization loss of chlorpyrifos was not significantly different between 1996 (2.05%) and 1997 (2.71%). Volatilization loss of trichlorfon in 1996 (0.01%) was significantly higher than in 1997 (0.008%). This study demonstrated the fraction of applied insecticides leaving the turf putting greens was minimal.
Identification and functional characterization of EhClC‐A, an <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> ClC chloride channel located at plasma membrane (2006)

ClC chloride channels perform a wide variety of physiological functions and they had been characterized in animals, yeast, plants and bacteria but not in protozoa. By blast search we found in Entamoeba histolytica, the protozoan responsible for human amoebiasis, two genes (Ehclc-A and Ehclc-B) encoding for putative polypeptides with 25-30% identity to ClC chloride channels of several organisms. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) experiments showed that both genes are transcribed in trophozoites. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that EhClC-A and EhClC-B polypeptides belong to the eukaryotic branch of plasma membrane ClCs. Specific antibodies against EhClC-A confirmed that it is located at the trophozoite plasma membrane. Xenopus laevis oocytes microinjected with Ehclc-A cRNA elicited anion currents not detected in oocytes microinjected with water. Induced currents were inwardly rectifying and had a permeability sequence of Cl->Br->I->F->>NO3-. The chloride channel blocker 4-acetamido-4'isothiocyanostilbene-2, 2'-disulphonic acid (SITS) strongly inhibited the oocytes anion currents and trophozoites growth. Experiments at diverse pHs suggested that EhClC-A is not a Cl-/H+ exchanger, but it is an ion channel that could be involved in pH regulation. EhClC-A may also participate in cell volume regulation. As far as we know, EhClC-A is the first chloride channel characterized in protozoa.
Hydrogen isotope exchange between fluoroform (CF<sub>3</sub>H) and water. 3. Catalysis by <sup>−</sup>OH-type anion exchange resins, and the effect of added dimethyl sulfoxide (1983)

Anion exchange resins like Rexyn 201(OH) and Amberlyst A-26 have been shown to be active catalysts for deuterium transfer between water and fluoroform. Under stirred slurry conditions at 50 °C the Rexyn 201 is 25 × more effective than NaOH on a per-hydroxide-ion basis. Addition of DMSO to the aqueous slurry produces an increase in Rexyn 201 reactivity, but the resin advantage over homogeneous − OH declines to zero by ~30 mol% DMSO. At 70 mol% DMSO the resin is less effective by a factor of ~100. Local fluoroform solubility and hydroxide ion solvation effects, including phase separation, in the pore liquid of the resin beads appear to be responsible for the observed behaviour.
Ultra-fast facial recognition system based on vanderlugt correlator (2004)

We fabricated a fast facial recognition system based on Vanderlugt Correlator using FLC-SLM. We implemented the system to 1000 faces/s throughput of 1-channel processing and obtained the high recognition rate of 95% as a result.
Effect of two different extracts of red maca in male rats with testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia (2007)

The present study showed that hydroalcoholic or aqueous extract of red maca containing 0.1 mg of benzylglucosinolate can reduce prostate size in male rats in which prostatic hyperplasia had been induced by TE.
Improved Method for Measurement of Rhodanese Activity Using Methanethiosulfonate as Sulfur Donor Substrate and Its Application to Human Serum. (1991)

We have developed a sensitive method for the measurement of rhodanese activity in human serum which is based on the colorimetric method for the determination of thiocyanate produced from methanethiosulfonate and cyanide as substrates. Thiocyanate gives a red complex with ferric ion in an acidic condition. The present method is about 70-fold more sensitive than the conventional method using cyanide and thiosulfate as substrates and correlates well (r = 0.997) with the conventional method in bovine liver rhodanese. Within-run precision of the method is 0.91% for 420 units/l serum and the calibration curve is linear up to 1850 units/l. The normal value for human serum, determined by the present method on 31 healthy persons, was 20.9 +/- 20.0 units/l (mean +/- 2S.D.). Rhodanese activity was clearly elevated in some serum samples which were observed at abnormal values in some biochemical diagnostic tests and showed significant positive correlations with guanase activity (r = 0.728, p less than 0.01) and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase activity (r = 0.625, p less than 0.01).
Laser oscillation in yellow and blue spectral rangein Dy <sup>3+</sup> :ZBLAN (2000)

CW laser emission at room temperature of a dysprosium-doped ZBLAN fibre at 575 and 478 nm with output powers in the milliwatt range is reported for the first time.
Cache Efficient Value Iteration (2019)

Value Iteration (VI) is a powerful, though time consuming, approach to solve Markov Decision Processes (MDPs). Exisitng algorithms for VI incur a large number of cache misses. Motivated by the observation that, on modern computers, the cost of a cache miss is two to three orders of magnitude more than that of an arithmetic operation, we explore the possibility of improving the performance of VI by reducing the number of cache misses, possibly at the expense of increasing the number of backups. We demonstrate experimentally that the strategies proposed by us, in this paper, to improve the cache efficiency of VI result in speedups of up to a factor of 3.7 when incorporated into state-of-the-art VI software.
Knockdown of apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 affects ischaemia‐induced astrocyte activation and glial scar formation (2016)

Reactive astrocytes play an essential role in determining the tissue response to ischaemia. Formation of a glial scar can block the neuronal outgrowth that is required for restoration of damaged tissue. Therefore, regulation of astrocyte activation is important; however, the mediator of this process has not been fully elucidated. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is an early responder to oxidative stress, and plays a pivotal role in the intracellular signalling pathway of apoptosis, inflammation, and differentiation. To confirm whether ASK1 mediates astrocyte activation and leads to glial scar formation after cerebral ischaemia, we conducted in vivo and in vitro experiments. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to occlusion of the middle cerebral artery, and astrocyte cultures were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation. After silencing of ASK1 , astrocyte-associated genes were downregulated, as seen with the use of microarrays. The glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) level was decreased, and correlated with the reduction in the ASK1 level. In astrocytes, reduction in the ASK1 level decreased the activity of the p38 pathway, and the levels of transcription factors for GFAP and GFAP transcripts after hypoxia. In the chronic phase, ASK1 depletion reduced glial scar formation and conserved neuronal structure, which may lead to better functional recovery. These data suggest that ASK1 may be an important mediator of ischaemia-induced astrocyte activation and scar formation, and could provide a potential therapeutic target for treatment after ischaemic stroke.
Comment on ‘Roles of interbasin frequency changes in the poleward shifts of the maximum intensity location of tropical cyclones’ (2016)

The article by Moon et al (2015) (henceforth MKKC) considers interbasin tropical cyclone frequency variability and its effect on the poleward migration of the mean latitude of tropical cyclone lifetime-maximum intensity (LMI) shown in Kossin et al (2014) (henceforth KEV).
Cell-Phone Based Food Allergen Testing (2013)

We demonstrate a personalized food allergen testing platform, termed iTube, running on a cellphone that images and automatically analyses colorimetric assays performed in test tubes toward sensitive and specific detection of allergens in food samples.
Phenylalanine – a biogenic ligand with flexible η6- and η6:κ1-coordination at ruthenium(ii) centres (2013)

The reaction of (S)-2,5-dihydrophenylalanine 1 with ruthenium(III) chloride yields the μ-chloro-bridged dimeric η(6)-phenylalanine ethyl ester complex 3, which can be converted into the monomeric analogue, η(6):κ(1)-phenylalanine ethyl ester complex 12, under basic conditions. Studies were carried out to determine the stability and reactivity of complexes bearing η(6)- and η(6):κ(1)-chelating phenylalanine ligands under various conditions. Reaction of 3 with ethylenediamine derivatives N-p-tosylethylenediamine or 1,4-di-N-p-tosylethylenediamine results in the formation of monomeric η(6):κ(1)-phenylalanine ethyl ester complexes 14 and 15, which could be saponified yielding complexes 16 and 17 without changing the inner coordination sphere of the metal centre. The structure of η(6):κ(1)-phenylalanine complex 17 and an N-κ(1)-phenylalanine complex 13 resulting from the reaction of 3 with an excess of pyridine were confirmed by X-ray crystallography.
Oxygen Pressure and Mn-Doping Effects on the Structure and Leakage Current of Bi[sub 6]Ti[sub 5]TeO[sub 22] Thin Film (2008)

Te ions existed as in the (BTT) film grown at under a high oxygen pressure (OP) of and contributed to the formation of the crystalline BTT phase after subsequent annealing at . However, for the BTT film grown under a low OP of (or ), ions, were converted to ions, which induced the phase transition of the BTT phase to the pseudo- and pseudo- phases after annealing at . The leakage current density decreased with increasing OP during the growth due to the decreased number of oxygen vacancies. The breakdown voltage also improved with increasing OP during the deposition. The Mn ions introduced in the BTT films by Mn doping existed as or and acted as the acceptors. This Mn doping to also reduced the leakage current density and increased the breakdown voltage by decreasing the number of intrinsic oxygen vacancies.
Influence of spatial resolution of impedance models on the solution of the forward problem in electrocardiography (2002)

This study deals with the forward problem in electrocardiography, which consists of calculation of the potential distribution in the human body due to cardiac sources. An important task is the selection of appropriate models, because their properties determine the quality of the solution of the forward problem. The property examined in this study is the spatial resolution of impedance models. The examination is carried out by analysis and comparison of computed body surface potential maps, which are calculated based on a set of models with different spatial resolution. The computation is performed numerically using the finite difference method. The implementation of the finite difference method allows the solving of large problems on workstations. The comparison showed an increase of potential differences with an decrease of spatial resolution due to wrong assignment of tissue to voxels, increasing discretisation error of the approximation by the finite difference method, and misplacement of boundary conditions. The largest differences can be found near to the location of the current and voltage sources.
Subpicosecond-pulse generation through cross-phase-modulation-induced modulational instability in optical fibers (1988)

We report subpicosecond-pulse generation at 1.319 microm in a single-mode optical fiber by modulational instability induced through cross-phase modulation by 1.06-microm pulses propagating in the normal dispersion regime. Pulse-repetition rates approaching 300 GHz were achieved.
Robust speech coding under packet-loss conditions using recovery sub-codec for broad-band IP network (2002)

A speech-coding method called “recovery sub-codec (RSC)” is described that improves speech quality under packet-loss conditions, which can occur even in high-speed wide-band networks. The RSC uses a sub bit-stream as additional information in the next speech frame in addition to the main bit-stream in the current frame. The main bit-stream is coded using a low-comp ression high -quality main coder and the sub bit-stream is coded using a high-compression sub-coder. The internal states of the recovery sub-coder can be updated using the output from the high-quality main coder, so they are independent of previous frames and are not affected by previous packet loss. Subjective quality tests of several speech codecs based on the proposed method show that it significantly improves the concealment of packet loss, both for narrow- and wide-band speech and audio signals.
Image Similarity: From Syntax to Weak Semantics Using Multimodal Features with Application to Multimedia Retrieval (2009)

Measuring image similarity is an important task for various multimedia applications. Similarity can be defined at two levels: at the syntactic (lower, context-free) level and at the semantic (higher, contextual) level. As long as one deals with the syntactic level, defining and measuring similarity is a relatively straightforward task, but as soon as one starts dealing with the semantic similarity, the task becomes very difficult. We examine the use of very simple syntactic image features combined with other multimodal features to derive a similarity measure that captures the weak semantics of an image. We test and further use this similarity measure to do video retrieval.
A simulation study of video teleconferencing traffic in ATM networks (2002)

Results of a simulation study of the potential multiplexing gains from using variable-bit-rate encoding to multiplex video teleconferencing traffic over an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network are presented. Simulated traffic from several video teleconferences was fed into a buffer and multiplexed onto a higher speed output line. The study observed the cell loss resulting from buffer overflow. The spacings between the start times for the individual video conferences are found to have a large role in determining the aggregate cell-loss-rate seen by the collection of calls. After the cell-loss-rate becomes non-negligible, it grows rapidly as a function of the number of input lines. The cell losses are not distributed uniformly over time but are clustered, with the consequence that the probability that a call is loss free is much better than indicated by the cell-loss-rate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Thrombopoietin and mean platelet volume in coronary artery disease (2001)

Increased TP levels may increase both platelet counts and platelet size, resulting in hemostatically more active platelets, which may contribute to the development and progression of CAD.