gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electric and Magnetic Fields attheEarth's Surface Due toAuroral Currents (1970)

The horizontal components oftheelectric andmag- netic fields duetoauroral atmospheric currents arecalculated at thesurface oftheearth. Forsinusoidal changes intheearth's mag- netic field (Fourier frequency components ofactual nonsinusoidal variations), alowerlimit ofthecorresponding earth-surface poten- tial isobtained byconsidering aline-type auroral current overa nonuniform stratified earth. An upperlimit oftheearth-surface potential isobtained byconsidering acurrent-sheet modelofthe auroral current, andthesamemodeloftheearth. A diagram is constructed thatallows calculation oftheearth-surface potential forgivenvariations intheearth's magnetic field. Finally, the influence oftheearth-surface potential onelectric powersystems is discussed.
Spherical BaMgAl[sub 10]O[sub 17]:Eu[sup 2+] Phosphor Prepared by Aerosol Pyrolysis Technique for PDP Applications (2001)

Preparation and luminescent characteristics of blue-emitting (BAM) phosphor with spherical shape for plasma display panel (PDP) application has been investigated by aerosol pyrolysis technique using dissolved nitrates solution. The characteristics of particles were examined by controlling the effects of process conditions on the crystallinity, morphology, and luminescence properties. The as-prepared particles at 1400°C showed smooth surface with spherical shape, but above that temperature, had a rougher surface due to higher crystallization. It reflects that the spherical particles were transformed into the hexagonal form with the preparation temperatures because of structure characteristic of a BAM phosphor. X-ray diffraction measurement indicates that the as-prepared particles above 1600°C had similar crystal structure to that of commercial particles. The crystallinity of the BAM phosphor played a major important factor on the luminescent intensity irrespective of particle shape. Photoluminescent characteristics of particles were compared to those of commercial particles (Nichia Co.) under vacuum ultraviolet excitation. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
NON UNIFORM GEOMETRY BEND SENSORS EXPLOITED FOR BIOMEDICAL SYSTEMS (2011)

In biomedical systems the bend sensors have been increasingly used stands their interesting properties useful to\nmeasure human joint static and dynamic postures. These commercially available sensors are usually made of a polyester\nfilm printed on with a special carbon ink. The film acts as a support while the ink’s resistance value changes with bending\ndues to an applied external force. The substrate film material is usually made by Kapton and/or Mylar for their properties,\nstands the fact that substrate must be able to bend repeatedly without failure for the sensor to work. In spite of their\ninteresting properties the commercial bend sensors have a resistance vs. bent angle characteristic which is not actually\nideal as a linear function, to measure human postures, would be. So we introduce here a novel solution useful to linearize the\nsensor response.
Functional Sorting,Microbial Cells fromComplexMicrobiota, Project (2014)

Understanding the complex relationship between a human host and its resident microbial flora requires identifying functional contributions of community members. This characterization is complicated by the inability to culture or functionally sort the majority of microbial species using conventional approaches. In this project, a microfabricated device that enables the parallel, microscale culturing and characterization of individual members of a microbial community is being developed. Single cells derived from complex communities are being encapsulated into alginate gel microdroplets to allow for small-scale coculture of thousands of isolated cells in parallel. Segregation of a cell into a gel bead facilitates subsequent sorting and selection based on either genetic, metabolic, or growth characteristics of the cell. Microfluidics-based systems allow for integration of the needed components onto a single platform. Demonstrations of “front-end” sample preparation techniques, including microdroplet generation, microbial encapsulation, microbial growth, bead manipulation, and metabolic profiling using fluorogenic enzyme substrates, are being advanced. These techniques are currently being combined into a common microscale device. This approach will allow for quantification of the relative distribution and functional capabilities of different members of the consortia and for subsequent genetic analyses. The scale, throughput capabilities, and sensitivity of the proposed technology address key challenges facing the analysis of microbial consortia. The research team includes Mitchel J. Doktycz, Meng Lian, and Scott T. Retterer.
Mechanistic and synthetic aspects of intramolecular alkoxide–allene cyclizations (1984)

Intramolecular cyclization of the methoxyallene–alkoxide adducts (1a) proceeds along two different pathways via a methoxyallyl radical to give either a dihydrofuran, or vinyl epoxide, depending upon the steric environment of the redical anion.
A Study of the Effects of Alloying Additions on TCP Phase Formation in 4<sup>th</sup> Generation Nickel-Base Single-Crystal Superalloys (2011)

The demand for higher engine operating temperatures to improve aeroengine efficiency has meant that increasing levels of alloying additions are being added to single-crystal nickel-base superalloys for turbine blades applications. Whilst better mechanical and environmental performance may be obtained with these alloying additions, they also destabilise the alloys forming topologically closed-packed (TCP) phases. In this study, the formation of TCP phases has been studied in a series of four alloys designated LDSX1-4 which have a systematic variation in the levels of Co, Mo and W. The alloys were exposed to elevated temperatures between 900-1100°C for up to 1000 hours. This was followed by detailed analysis of the microstructures in the SEM. Identification of the TCP phases in selected alloys was also carried out. The effects of each alloying addition on TCP phase formation is discussed in light of these results.
Broadband fixed phase shifter for C‐band applications (2007)

Abstract The design of a fixed phase shifter for C‐band applications is presented. The proposed device is composed of two parts: a quadrature 3‐dB directional coupler and the Wilkinson combiner. The quadrature coupler used in the proposed phase shifter is based on the edge‐coupled microstrip lines with a slotted ground plane to make the gap required between the coupled lines feasible. The simulated and measured results of the phase shifter show a 45° ± 5° fixed phase shift across the band 4–8 GHz with less than 1‐dB insertion loss and better than 12‐dB return loss at the centre of the C‐band. The designed device also shows a flat group delay, which enables its use in a narrow pulse transmission/reception and in the high data rate systems. The designed phase shifter has a compact size with dimensions of 30 mm × 30 mm. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 396–399, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23133
Modulation of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Mediated Function by Structural Differences of Two Physically Distinct Fractions of <i>Escherichia Coli</i> K235 LPS (1977)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), extracted from Escherichia coli K235 by the butanol water technique, was fractionated by gel filtration chromatography into high m.w. (LPS I) and low m.w. (LPS II) fractions. These two forms of LPS were characterized by different densities and chemical compositions. Chemical analysis provided evidence for greater amounts of lipid A and Lipd A-associated protein (LAP) per unit weight associated with LPS II. The biologic activity of the two LPS preparations was compared over a spectrum of different parameters. LPS II was shown to be a more potent mitogen and toxin than LPS I, whereas the two preparations were demonstrated to be of equal activity as polyclonal B cell activators, immunogens, and adjuvants. A modulatory role for the polysaccharide component of the LPS molecule is discussed.
Projection display based on an optically addressed spatial light modulator using a bacteriorhodopsin thin film as a photochromic material (1997)

A novel laser projection display utilizing an optically addressed spatial light modulator (OASLM) is presented. The OASLM is based on the photochromic protein, bacteriorhodopsin, immobilized in a thin gelatin film. The photochromism of this material facilitates the light-induced switching of the optical absorption properties of the film. In this manner, the film can dynamically be switched between a purple- and yellow-colored state within 50 microsecond(s) . Furthermore, this material is capable of more than 108 read-erase cycles without showing any sign of fatigue. This monochrome system is very suitable for radar displays, due to the high contrast of the projected images. Other possible applications include public information displays in airports and railway stations. The advantages of this projection system can be summarized as; (1) flicker-free graphics due to the temporal response of the OASLM causing no eye fatigue, (2) due to the molecular nature of the photochromic process, the spatial resolution is only limited by the scanners and projection lens, (3) as a result of the dynamic process in the OASLM, the system can be used at different ambient light levels by simply altering the intensity of the write laser and the read projection lamp simultaneously, (4) highly efficient use of the power from the projection lamp because it is actively pumping the photochromic process.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Evidence for exciton-exciton binding in a molecular aggregate (1998)

We present evidence for a biexciton state in a molecular aggregate. Femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy of the $H$ aggregate of an epitaxially grown trivalent metal-halogen-phthalocyanine gives distinct photoinduced absorptions to a continuum of two-exciton states and to a bound biexciton state. No signature of the biexciton is found in the $J$ aggregate of a very similar trivalent metal-halogen-phthalocyanine. The strong exciton-exciton interaction in the $H$-aggregate system has its origin in the unique cofacial stacking of the molecular components in this material.
Graffitis arabes du XVIe siècle ou du début du XVIIe siècle à Toulon (Var) (2013)

International audience
Surface doping using ion implantation for optimum guard layer design in COS/MOS structures (1975)

Theory and experimental results using COS/MOS devices are presented for using ion-implanted surface guard layers to replace guard bands in LSI COS/MOS circuits. The function of a guardband is to reduce leakage between neighboring devices; surface guard layers accomplish the same end with the addition of a considerable reduction in the space required for a given COS/MOS memory cell. The price paid for the elimination of the guardbands is a tradeoff between the onset of leakage and the onset of avalanche breakdown between drain and substrate. A systematic method is presented for optimizing these two limiting voltages for a given value of field oxide thickness and for defined limits of the Q <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</inf> oxide charge.
Influence of Moderate Drinking on Purine and Carbohydrate Metabolism (2002)

Background We examined the influences of a moderate intake level of three types of alcoholic beverages—beer, whisky, and Shochu (Japanese distilled liquor)—on purine and carbohydrate metabolism and excretion in healthy male volunteers, concerning (1) the extent of contribution of purine bodies contained in beer to uric acid metabolism and (2) a comparison between two types of distilled spirits with (whisky) and without (Shochu) aging in oak wood barrel storage. Methods Three sets of studies were conducted in which 10 to 13 healthy adult men were instructed to drink three types of alcoholic beverages at a slightly higher level (0.8 ml of ethanol equivalent/kg body weight) than moderate drinking (approximately 30.4 ml or less for men). A low purine beer was test‐manufactured by treating nucleosides that were contained in wort and remained in beer with purine nucleoside phosphorylase derived from Ochrobacterium anthropi , thereby converting them into corresponding purine bases that were easily assimilated by beer yeast. Results Although beer intake enhanced the level of serum uric acid by 13.6%, blood glucose by 26.7%, and insulin level by 5.1‐fold, drinking a moderate level of distilled liquor (whisky, Shochu) did not increase the serum uric acid level or the other two parameters. The serum uric acid level observed after drinking beer with a purine body concentration reduced by 28% (68% in nucleosides and purine bases) was almost identical to the level observed after drinking regular beer. Whisky has been found to have a property that decreases the serum uric acid level. Excretion of uric acid from blood is increased by 27% after drinking whisky. Conclusions Moderate drinking of distilled liquors did not enhance serum uric acid level, blood glucose, or insulin level in healthy male subjects. Increased serum uric acid after beer intake could not be explained mostly with their purine body congeners. Whisky showed the eliminative property in serum uric acid through excretion of it from blood to urine. At a moderate drinking level, beer and whisky have different effects on purine metabolism or excretion.
Probing allocrite preferences of 2 naturally occurring variants of the wheat LR34 ABC transporter (2016)

For almost a century, the wheat Lr34 gene has conferred durable resistance against fungal rust diseases. While sequence homology predicts a putative ATP binding cassette transporter, the molecules that are transported (allocrites) by the encoded LR34 variants, and any associated mechanism of resistance, remain enigmatic. Here, the in vitro transport characteristics of 2 naturally occurring Lr34 variants (that differ in their ability to mediate disease resistance; Lr34sus and Lr34res) are investigated. Initially, a method to express and purify recombinant LR34Sus and LR34Res pseudo half-molecules from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is described. Subsequently, a semi-targeted chlorophyll catabolite (CC) extraction from Lr34res-expressing wheat plants was performed based on previous reports highlighting increased accumulation of CCs in Lr34res-expressing flag leaves. Following partial biochemical characterization, this extract was applied to an LR34 in vitro proteoliposome transport assay. Mass spectroscopic analyses of transported metabolites revealed that LR34Sus imported a wheat metabolite of 618 Da and that the LR34Res transporter did not. While the identity of the LR34Sus transported metabolite remains to be confirmed and any allocrites of LR34Res remain to be detected, this work demonstrates that these variants have different allocrite preferences, a finding that may be relevant to the mechanism of disease resistance.
Multiplicity in a Chemical Reaction with One-Dimensional Dynamics (1986)

Measurements on the Belousov-Zhabotinskii reaction in a stirred flow reactor reveal, beyond a period-doubling cascade, a sequence of periodic states that is different from the "U (universal) sequence" found in recent experiments on diverse systems. Particular periodic states occur in three different parameter ranges rather than one range as in the U sequence. However, the order of periodic states found here is in accord with a one-dimensional single-parameter map constructed from the laboratory data.
Clinical Development of a Seasonal Influenza Vaccine by Intradermal Micro-injection (2008)

Background: Annual trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines (TIV) provide protection for hundreds of millions of individuals worldwide. Yet there is need to improve vaccine efficacy for the elderly who are most affected by influenza, and to increase vaccine coverage in younger adults. The intradermal route of vaccination provides a direct and potentially more efficient access to the immune system. An ID TIV was developed with a unique, convenient microinjection system, and 2 dosage presentations specifically for elderly and younger adults (respectively 15 μg or 9 μg hemagglutinin/strain/dose). Methods: The immunogenicity and safety of the two presentations of ID TIV have been investigated in several large-scale Phase 2 and 3 studies in several European countries, Australia and New Zealand. In each study, a licensed intramuscular TIV, (Vaxigrip®; 15 μg hemagglutinin/strain/dose) was used as a control. Safety evaluation included documentation of solicited and unsolicited reactions. Hemagglutination inhibition responses were evaluated on D0 and D21. Results: Phase 2 studies in more than 2000 subjects aged 18–60 years or >60 years have demonstrated that the 15 μg ID intradermal vaccination induces higher immune responses compared with Vaxigrip against all three strains, as assessed by D21 GMTs and seroprotection rates. Among younger adults, the 9 μg intradermal vaccine was demonstrated to induce an equivalent immune response to Vaxigrip. Safety results showed that both ID vaccine presentations were well tolerated. When 18–60 year olds, subjects were vaccinated a second time either ID or IM, one year after their first vaccination, reactogenicity was not enhanced compared with that observed after the first vaccination. Conclusion: Using microinjection to deliver antigen via the less-invasive intradermal route, ID TIV was shown to elicit superior immune responses to conventional vaccine in elderly adults, and provides an alternative vaccine for adults that may encourage increased vaccine uptake.
Computed Tomographic Osteometry of the Asian Lumbar Spine (1994)

The computed tomography (CT) scans of 100 adult Chinese patients 18-60 years of age were studied to provide osteometric data on the Asian lumbar spine. The study population was composed of 63 men and 37 women. A total of 29 parameters were measured from each vertebral level. All the data were statistically analyzed for differences between men and women and left and right sides for paired structures. The data then were compared with data for white individuals where available. The results show that for Asians there is a significant sex difference (p < 0.001) for vertebral body and disk dimensions but not for the posterior elements or spinal canal. Compared with white individuals, Asians have a smaller vertebral body and a different spinal canal shape, with the lower part of the canal in relation to the vertebral body being narrowest. Such findings are of significance to the radiologist, to the surgeon, and in the design of instruments and implants for the Asian lumbar spine.
Genomics of Algae (2009)

Abstract Algae are dominant contributors to primary production and have a major impact on biogeochemical cycles because of their unique metabolisms. Few algal genomes have so far been characterized, although whole genome sequences have now been generated from representatives of the green, red and brown algae. In addition, numerous projects are progressing to define algal transcriptomes using expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and microarrays. Multiple efforts based on comparative and functional genomics approaches have already generated an influx of exciting data about evolutionary origins and functional innovations of different algal species dispersed throughout the eukaryotic tree of life. Key concepts: Algal species have little common phylogeny and are widely dispersed throughout the eukaryotic tree of life. Red and green algae lie within the Archaeplastida whereas brown algae lie within the Stramenopile and Alveolata lineages. Brown algae have secondary plastids, thought to be derived from secondary endosymbiosis. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii represents the best‐studied experimental system for algae. Diatom genomes are highly chimeric in nature, with genes derived from both partners of the secondary endosymbiosis, as well as large numbers of bacterial genes acquired by horizontal gene transfer. The existence of C4 photosynthesis in algae has not yet been conclusively demonstrated. Distinct algal species often comprise ecotypes optimized for growth in specific environmental conditions.
A novel role for the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 in angiotensin II–stimulated vascular smooth muscle cell hypertrophy (1999)

Angiotensin II (Ang II) has been shown to stimulate either hypertrophy or hyperplasia. We postulated that the differential response of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to Ang II is mediated by the cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p27(Kip1), which is abundant in quiescent cells and drops after serum stimulation. Ang II treatment (100 nM) of quiescent VSMCs led to upregulation of the cell-cycle regulatory proteins cyclin D1, Cdk2, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and Cdk1. p27(Kip1) levels, however, remained high, and the activation of the G1-phase Cdk2 was inhibited as the cells underwent hypertrophy. Overexpression of p27(Kip1) cDNA inhibited serum-stimulated [(3)H]thymidine incorporation compared with control-transfected cells. This cell-cycle inhibition was associated with cellular hypertrophy, as reflected by an increase in the [(3)H]leucine/[(3)H]thymidine incorporation ratio and by an increase in forward-angle light scatter during flow cytometry at 48 hours after transfection. The role of p27(Kip1) in modulating the hypertrophic response of VSMCs to Ang II was further tested by antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) inhibition of p27(Kip1) expression. Ang II stimulated an increase in [(3)H]thymidine incorporation and the percentage of S-phase cells in antisense ODN-transfected cells but not in control ODN-transfected cells. We conclude that p27(Kip1) plays a role in mediating VSMC hypertrophy. Ang II stimulation of quiescent cells in which p27(Kip1) levels are high results in hypertrophy but promotes hyperplasia when levels of p27(Kip1) are low, as in the presence of other growth factors.
Evaluation of Ergocalciferol or Cholecalciferol Dosing, 1,600 IU Daily or 50,000 IU Monthly in Older Adults (2011)

Overall, D(3) is slightly, but significantly, more effective than D(2) to increase serum 25(OH)D. One year of D(2) or D(3) dosing (1,600 IU daily or 50,000 IU monthly) does not produce toxicity, and 25(OH)D levels of less than 30 ng/ml persist in approximately 20% of individuals. Substantial between-individual response to administered vitamin D(2) or D(3) is observed.
Prevalence of NDM-1 carbapenemase in patients with diarrhoea in Pakistan and evaluation of two chromogenic culture media (2013)

We conclude that Enterobacteriaceae that produce NDM-1 carbapenemase can be found in patients from all major provinces of Pakistan and that chromID CARBA was the most effective of the two chromogenic media in this setting.