gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DNA sequence analysis of spontaneous mutations at a <i>LacZ</i> transgene integrated on the mouse X chromosome (1993)

Transgenic mice with integrated shuttle vectors containing the LacZ mutational target gene were used to study spontaneous mutational events in vivo. The transgenic mouse strain used carries the LacZ transgene on the X chromosome and was previously found to be characterized by approximately 25-fold higher spontaneous mutation frequency in liver and brain compared with at least three other transgenic mouse strains. To determine the nature of in vivo spontaneous mutational events, 35 mutant LacZ genes isolated from liver and brain of mice from strain 35.5 were analyzed at the DNA sequence level. The results obtained indicate that single base-pair changes were predominant in both liver and brain. However, in liver the majority of mutations were transitions whereas in brain transversions were predominantly observed. Six mutants appeared to contain multiple dispersed mutations, separated by as much as 44 bp. Mutations were generally located within a 500 bp region encoding the active site of the beta-galactosidase protein. Our results indicate that spontaneous mutations at the LacZ transgene are tissue specific and dependent on the chromosomal position of the LacZ transgene.
Investigation of SINR gain in microcellular environment by use of antenna systems in mobile handsets (2003)

This work investigates the possible SINR gain, which can be obtained by using a low complexity pre-detection antenna system on a handheld phone. The antenna system consists of two antenna elements where the phase and amplitude is altered prior to an RF combining. The investigation is performed in an RF bandwidth corresponding to the one used in GSM. Three types of antenna elements has been investigated; 3/8 wavelength whip, a normal mode helical and a directive patch. The evaluation of the antenna system is based on measurements of incoming multipath fields received by a pair of antenna elements, which is mounted on a dummy handset. The measurements were carried out in a typical GSM-1800 urban microcell environment. By combining the measured signal at each antenna port the SINR gain has been calculated and evaluated for the antenna system. Both free space and in the presence of a user are investigated. The results shows the potential for a significant improvement of the SINR, when used in a interference limited microcell environment by a slow moving user.
Panini: Reconciling Concurrency and Modularity in Design (2010)

Writing correct and efficient concurrent programs still remains a challenge. Explicit concurrency is difficult, error prone, and creates code which is hard to maintain and debug. This type of concurrency also treats modular program design and concurrency as separate goals, where modularity often suffers. To solve these problems, we are designing a new language that we call panini. In this paper, we focus on panini's asynchronous, typed events which reconcile the modularity goal promoted by the implicit invocation design style with the concurrency goal of exposing potential concurrency between the execution of subjects and observers. Since modularity is improved and concurrency is implicit in panini, programs are easy to reason about and maintain. Furthermore, races and deadlocks are avoided entirely yielding programs with a guaranteed sequential semantics. To evaluate our language design and implementation we show several examples of its usage as well as an empirical study of program performance. We found that not only is developing and understanding panini programs significantly easier compared to standard concurrent object-oriented programs, but performance of panini programs is comparable to the equivalent programs written using Java's fork-join framework.
W2ANE (2009)

In this paper, we introduce W2ANE, an Online Multimedia Language Assistant for individuals with aphasia, a language disorder that affects millions of people. W2ANE offers a rich online multimedia library (OMLA) supported by an adaptable and adaptive vocabulary scaffold (ViVA). The system, accessible over the Internet, provides a platform for applications such as looking up unknown words, constructing phrases for communication, practicing pronunciations, and accessing content. W2ANE also enables resource sharing and remote collaboration.
An examination of VANOL, VAPOL, and VAPOL derivatives as ligands for asymmetric catalytic Diels–Alder reactions (2006)

Several derivatives of the vaulted biaryl ligand VAPOL were prepared and evaluated as chiral ligands for aluminum Lewis acids in the catalytic asymmetric Diels–Alder reactions of methyl acrylate and methacrolein with cyclopentadiene. The substituents on VAPOL were introduced into the 6- and 6′-positions in an effort to further extend the chiral pocket of the major groove, which contains the phenol functions at the 4- and 4′-positions. The set of four new ligands that have been prepared have the following groups introduced into the 6- and 6′-positions of VAPOL: bromide, methyl, phenyl and 3,5-di-t-butylphenyl. All of these ligands give lower asymmetric inductions than the unsubstituted VAPOL for the Diels–Alder reactions of both methyl acrylate and methacrolein. The positive cooperativity of added carbonyl compounds on the autoinduction in the Diels–Alder reaction of methyl acrylate and cyclopentadiene were also investigated with the VANOL and VAPOL ligands as well as the 6,6′-dibromo and 6,6′-diphenyl derivatives of VAPOL. Only the reaction with VAPOL showed any significant positive cooperativity. The reaction with VANOL was sluggish at –78 °C, but at higher temperatures, the reaction did exhibit positive cooperativity that was similar to that of VAPOL. Finally, no positive cooperativity was observed with the VAPOL ligand for the reaction of methacrolein and cyclopentadiene.Key words: Diels–Alder, asymmetric catalysis, vaulted biaryl ligands, VANOL, VAPOL.
Cdc42 and Rac1 Signaling Are Both Required for and Act Synergistically in the Correct Formation of Myelin Sheaths in the CNS (2006)

The formation of myelin sheaths in the CNS is the result of a complex series of events involving oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) proliferation, directed migration, and the morphological changes associated with axon ensheathment and myelination. To examine the role of Rho GTPases in oligodendrocyte biology, we have used a conditional tissue-specific gene-targeting approach. Ablation of Cdc42 in cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage did not affect OPC proliferation, directed migration, or in vitro differentiation, but it led to the formation of a unique and stage-specific myelination phenotype. This was characterized by the extraordinary enlargement of the inner tongue of the oligodendrocyte process and concomitant formation of a myelin outfolding as a result of abnormal accumulation of cytoplasm in this region. Ablation of Rac1 also resulted in the abnormal accumulation of cytoplasm in the inner tongue of the oligodendrocyte process, and we provide genetic evidence that rac1 synergizes with cdc42 in a gene dosage-dependent way to regulate myelination.
Genome-wide RNAi profiling to determine contexts of vulnerability in cancer cells (2007)

C53 RNA interference has emerged as a powerful functional genomics technology to perform targeted gene knockdowns and study loss-of-function phenotypes. This has been exploited in various drug discovery and development applications, including target characterization and validation. The availability of reagent libraries has paved the way for genome-wide high throughput screens that have been recently reported by several groups. Here, we report a genome-wide loss-of-function siRNA screen of druggable targets (~7000 genes) in 4 cell lines representing different tumor types and genetic backgrounds. Assay development, validation, primary and confirmation screens were all done using a cell viability readout. Statistical approaches along with integrative analyses of orthogonal datasets (arrayCGH, mutation, expression) were employed to identify ‘essential’ or ‘survival’ genes that upon knockdown caused significant loss of viability in a general or cell-specific context. Wherever possible, genomics data from primary tumor samples has been leveraged to establish clinical relevance. A few examples will be shown and discussed. These ‘contexts of vulnerability/lethality’ provide valuable data in understanding target or pathway dependence and functional consequences. Pending further follow up, these findings are likely to shed light on new targets as well as the development strategy for targeted agents.
Mission Applicability and Benefits of Thin-Film Integrated Power Generation and Energy Storage (2001)

This paper discusses the space mission applicability and benefits of a thin-film integrated power generation and energy storage device, i.e., an Integrated Power Source or IPS. The characteristics of an IPS that combines thin-film photo-voltaic power generation with thin-film energy storage are described. Mission concepts for a thin-film IPS as a spacecraft main electrical power system, as a decentralized or distributed power source and as an uninterruptible power supply are discussed. For two specific missions, preliminary sizing of an IPS as a main power system is performed and benefits are assessed. IPS developmental challenges that need to be overcome in order to realize the benefits of an IPS are examined. Based on this preliminary assessment, it is concluded that the most likely and beneficial application of an IPS will be as the main power system on a very small nanosatellite, or in specialized applications serving as a decentralized or distributed power source or uninterruptible power supply.
The structural, optical and electrical characterization of high-performance, low-temperature and solution-processed alkali metal-doped ZnO TFTs (2012)

The structural, electrical and optical properties of high-performance, low-temperature and solution-processed alkali metal-doped ZnO TFTs were studied using various analytic instruments, including HR-TEM, AFM, XPS, EDS, electrical bias stability test and UV-vis spectroscopy. Furthermore, we successfully demonstrated that a change in the optical bandgap energy of Li-doped ZnO semiconductor films supported by Burstein–Moss theory can show a trade-off relationship between the field effect mobility of Li-ZnO TFTs and the Li doping concentrations. The relative broadening of the Eopt values, which are strongly related to the amount of excited electrons from the Fermi level in the valance band to the conduction band, was observed from the undoped ZnO film to the Li-doped ZnO film (10 mol%). The increase in the electron donor concentration was the dominant reason for the enhancement in the electron mobility of the alkali metal-doped ZnO TFTs.
Regulation of in vitro and in vivo T cell activation by CD43 (1998)

Accessory molecule interactions can be critical in determining the outcome of a T cell's encounter with antigen. Cell adhesion proteins may augment T cell responses by facilitating TCR engagement of the antigen-MHC complex, while co-stimulatory molecules may deliver distinct signals that modulate T cell responsiveness. CD43 (leukosialin, sialophorin) has been suggested to influence cell activation by steric hindrance based upon the large size and glycosylation of the protein, as well as the relative abundance of the protein on the cell surface. In this paper we examine both in vitro and in vivo T cell-dependent responses in CD43-deficient mice. We demonstrate that T cells from CD43-deficient mice are hyper-responsive following both in vivo and in vitro activation, and that this is observed in response to not only TCR-CD3-mediated stimulation, but also following receptor-independent activation. This data suggests that mechanisms other than non-specific steric hindrance are important in the regulation of T cell activation by CD43.
Development of contrast sensitivity across the visual field in macaque monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) (1996)

Interpretation of measurements of visual performance in infants must be based on knowledge of the locus of highest sensitivity in the infant retina. While we know that adult contrast sensitivity and spatial resolution is highest at the fovea, recent anatomical data show that the infant fovea is relatively immature. We have studied that variation of contrast sensitivity across the visual field during development in infant monkeys in order to investigate the behavioral consequences of this immaturity. The results show that, unlike adults, the sensitivity of the infant foveal region is similar to that of the near periphery. Central contrast sensitivity and spatial resolution improve substantially relative to the periphery over the first 20-40 postnatal weeks. Thus, contrast sensitivity in the periphery is relatively mature in infants with respect to more central regions of the visual field. The maturation pattern seen behaviorally is consistent with physiological and anatomical maturation patterns in macaque monkey.
Disease Markers: Molecular Biology of PTSD (2011)

This article has no abstract.
ADRENAL HORMONES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS. IV. 6-METHYL STEROIDS<sup>1</sup> (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTADRENAL HORMONES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS. IV. 6-METHYL STEROIDS1G. B. Spero, J. L. Thompson, B. J. Magerlein, A. R. Hanze, H. C. Murray, O. K. Sebek, and J. A. HoggCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 23, 6213–6214Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01604a078https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01604a078research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views262Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preparation of YBCO films on sapphire with CeO/sub 2/ deposited by ion beam sputtering (1999)

Although sapphire has superior high frequency properties, an adequate buffer layer is required to form a high-Tc film. We deposited a CeO/sub 2/ buffer layer by ion beam sputtering in high oxygen pressure, and investigated the influence of the deposition conditions on the superconducting properties of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-y/ (YBCO) films. CeO/sub 2/ films deposited at higher than 600/spl deg/C were c-axis oriented and YBCO films deposited on the top at 700/spl deg/C were also c-axis oriented. T/sub /spl alpha//(R=0)=89 K and J/sub c/>10/sup 6/A/cm/sup 2/ were obtained for a 120 nm thick YBCO film deposited on 50 nm thick CeO/sub 2/ layer. High oxygen pressure /spl sim/1 Pa is desirable. Grain boundary Josephson junctions were also successfully fabricated on bicrystal sapphire substrate. It was found that high pressure ion beam sputtering is a promising method for superconductive electron devices.
Effects of infusions of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor radicicol into the hippocampus on short- and long-term memory of the inhibitory avoidance task (2001)

The aim of the present work was to test the role of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) on both the short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM) of the inhibitory avoidance task in rats using the inhibitor of tyrosine kinase, radicicol. Rats implanted with cannulae in the CA1 area of the dorsal hippocampus received a 0.5 microl infusion of radicicol (0.5, 1, 5, 10, 20 microg/ml) or vehicle (water) at different times after training and were tested for STM (1.5 or 3 h) and LTM (24 h). Additionally, one group received radicicol 10 min prior to the test for LTM. Radicicol depressed both STM and LTM when infused before and immediately after training and had no effect on either form of memory when infused 30 or 90 min after training. Radicicol also depressed the retrieval of LTM. Our results indicate that memory formation and retrieval in the hippocampus can involve PTK activity, but the present findings should be taken merely as a possible starting point for future investigations.
Triacylglycerol Hydrolase Is Localized to the Endoplasmic Reticulum by an Unusual Retrieval Sequence where It Participates in VLDL Assembly without Utilizing VLDL Lipids as Substrates (2004)

The majority of hepatic intracellular triacylglycerol (TG) is mobilized by lipolysis followed by reesterification to reassemble TG before incorporation into a very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particle. Triacylglycerol hydrolase (TGH) is a lipase that hydrolyzes TG within hepatocytes. Immunogold electron microscopy in transfected cells revealed a disparate distribution of this enzyme within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), with particularly intense localization in regions surrounding mitochondria. TGH is localized to the lumen of the ER by the C-terminal tetrapeptide sequence HIEL functioning as an ER retention signal. Deletion of HIEL resulted in secretion of catalytically active TGH. Mutation of HIEL to KDEL, which is the consensus ER retrieval sequence in animal cells, also resulted in ER retention and conservation of lipolytic activity. However, KDEL-TGH was not as efficient at mobilizing lipids for VLDL secretion and exhibited an altered distribution within the ER. TGH is a glycoprotein, but glycosylation is not required for catalytic activity. TGH does not hydrolyze apolipoprotein B-associated lipids. This suggests a mechanism for vectored movement of TGs onto developing VLDL in the ER as TGH may mobilize TG for VLDL assembly, but will not access this lipid once it is associated with VLDL.
Effects of Acute Ovariectomy on Anterior Pituitary Gland Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone Secretion in the Metestrous Rat1 (1983)

Changes at the anterior pituitary gland level which result in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) release after ovariectomy in metestrous rats were investigated. Experimental rats were ovariectomized at 0900 h of metestrus and decapitated at 1000, 1100, 1300, 1500, 1700 or 1900 h of metestrus. Controls consisted of untreated rats killed at 0900 or 1700 h and rats sham ovariectomized at 0900 h and killed at 1700 h. Trunk blood was collected and the serum assayed for FSH and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations. The anterior pituitary gland was bisected. One-half was used to assay for FSH concentration. The other half was placed in culture medium for a 30-min preincubation and then placed in fresh medium for a 2-h incubation (basal FSH and LH release rates). The basal FSH release rate and the serum FSH concentration rose significantly by 4 h postovariectomy and remained high for an additional 6 h. The basal FSH release rate and the serum FSH concentration correlated positively (r=0.71 with 72 degrees of freedom) and did not change between 0900 and 1700 h in untreated or sham-ovariectomized rats. In contrast, the serum LH concentration and the basal LH release rate did not increase after ovariectomy. Ovariectomy had no significant effect on anterior pituitary gland FSH concentration. The results suggest that the postovariectomy rise in serum FSH concentration is the result, at least in part, of changes which cause an increase in the basal FSH secretion rate (secretion independent of the immediate presence of any hormones of nonanterior pituitary gland origin). The similarities between the selective rises in the basal FSH release rate and the serum FSH concentration in the ovariectomized metestrous rat and in the cyclic rat during late proestrus and estrus raise the possibility that an increase in the basal FSH release rate may be involved in many or all situations in which serum FSH concentration rises independently of LH.
A Novel Fungal Protease Expressed in Endophytic Infection of Poa Species (1993)

The fungus Acremonium typhinum produces a novel endoprotease during symbiotic endophytic infection of the grass, Poa ampla. This protease is unusual because it is highly active in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The enzyme is a thiol-containing serine protease and is localized to a crude membrane fraction. Similar protease activity has been detected in endophyte-infected Poa autumnalis and Poa sylvestris plants. Expression of this protease may be important in endophytic infection of Poa spp., because similar activity has not been detected in endophyte-infected Festuca arundinacea or Lolium perenne.
Nonuniversal Velocity Fluctuations of Sedimenting Particles (2002)

Velocity fluctuations in sedimentation are studied to investigate the origin of a hypothesized universal scale [P. N. Segre, E. Herbolzheimer, and P. M. Chaikin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 2574 (1997)]. Our experiments show that fluctuations decay continuously in time for sufficiently thick cells, never reaching steady state. Simulations and scaling arguments suggest that the decay arises from increasing vertical stratification of particle concentration due to spreading of the sediment front. The results suggest that the velocity fluctuations in sedimentation depend sensitively on cell geometry.