gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reflections of Reality: Australian Children's Fiction (1994)

The reflection of Australia's multicultural reality in the characters of Australian children's fiction is considered. The changing boundaries based on nationality, race and ethnicity in response to external pressures and the political and economic need are mirrored by changing boundaries in Australian children's fiction.
Cytokines in Induced Sputum: A Role for the Ratio of IL-6/IL-13 in the Differentiation of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease? (2012)

source of ILs is mainly the T helper lymphocyte (T H ). On the basis of IL profiles, CD41-naive T cells can differentiate into T H 1, T H 2, T H 9, T H 17, T H 22, and T-follicular effector cells, and these T-cell subsets can promote different types of inflammatory responses. For example, both T H 2 and T H 17 cytokines are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. Evaluation of the relationship between different ILs provides a better measure of airway inflammation than measurement of each IL.
ENVIRONMENTAL-FRIENDLY DURABLE CONCRETE MADE WITH RECYCLED MATERIALS FOR SUSTAINABLE CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION (2005)

Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials in the world. However, the production of portland cement, an essential constituent of concrete, leads to the release of significant amount of CO2, a greenhouse gas; one ton of portland cement clinker production is said to creates approximately one ton of CO2 and other greenhouse gases (GHGs). Environmental issues are playing an important role in the sustainable development of the cement and concrete industry. For example, if we run out of limestone, as it is predicted to happen in some places, then we cannot produce portland cement; and, therefore, we cannot produce concrete and all the employment associated with the concrete industry goes out-of-business. Limestone powder is sometimes interground with clinker to produce cement, reducing the needs for clinker making and calcinations. This reduces energy use in the kiln and CO2 emissions from calcinations. A sustainable concrete structure is one that is constructed so that the total environmental impact during its entire life cycle, including during its use, is minimum. Concrete is a sustainable material because it has a very low inherent energy requirement, is produced to order as needed with very little waste, is made from some of the most plentiful resources on earth, has very high thermal mass, can be made with recycled materials, and is completely recyclable. Sustainable design and construction of structures have a small impact on the environment. Use of “green” materials embodies low energy costs. Their use must have high durability and low maintenance leading to sustainable construction materials. High performance cements and concrete can reduce the amount of cementitious materials and total volume of concrete required. Concrete must keep evolving to satisfy the increasing demands of all its users. Reuse of post-consumer wastes and industrial byproducts in concrete is necessary to produce even “greener” concrete. Use of coal ash, rice-husk ash, wood ash, natural pozzolans, GGBFS, silica fume, and other similar pozzolanic materials can reduce the use of manufactured portland cement clinker; and, at the same time, produce concrete that is more durable. “Greener” concrete also improves air quality, minimizes solid wastes, and leads to sustainable cement and
Magnetostriction of TbDy single crystals under compressive stress (1990)

Linear magnetostriction, magnetization, and Young's modulus were measured in a b-axis single-crystal rod of Tb/sub 0.5/Dy/sub 0.5/. Huge magnetostrictions reaching 0.5-0.6% in fields of 2000 Oe were observed at 77 K. Three magnetization regions can be distinguished: (1) a low field region where the magnetization process is dominated by moment rotation; (2) a region where the magnetization jumps from one easy direction (a-axis) to another closer to the applied field direction; and (3) a slow approach to saturation as the applied field pulls the magnetization into the hard b-axis direction. The crossover from one region to another is determined by the applied stress and the demagnetization factor. A simple theory explaining each process is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A case series of dupilumab-treated allergic contact dermatitis patients (2018)

Atopic dermatitis is characterized by skin barrier abnormalities and immune dysregulation with increased T<sub>H</sub> 2 signaling playing a central role. Investigations of allergic contact dermatitis suggest that certain allergens may also activate particular T cell signatures such as T<sub>H</sub> 2-dominant responses to fragrance and rubber. We present a case series of patients with allergic contact dermatitis who were successfully treated with dupilumab, a biologic developed for atopic dermatitis that dampens T<sub>H</sub> 2 signaling. In our cohort of three patients, two had extensive allergic contact dermatitis on their torso and extremities primarily due to textile and rubber allergens. The third was a hairdresser with severe hand dermatitis due to occupational allergens. Two of the three patients had no history of atopic dermatitis during childhood. Each patient experienced at least 90% improvement in body surface area involvement and continues to maintain their clinical response on dupilumab (range 6-13 months). Our hypothesis that dupilumab suppressed contact allergic reactions is supported by the identification of clinically relevant contact allergens on patch testing, acute onset and/or worsening of dermatitis in adulthood, and absence of childhood atopic dermatitis in two cases. Further, larger investigations to understand which factors affect responses of allergic contact dermatitis to dupilumab are warranted.
Test Automation Framework for Implementing Continuous Integration (2009)

Manual testing is a laborious and time consuming process. In addition, it may not be effective in finding certain defects. Therefore, we introduce an effective framework for automated testing to help solve such problems. The proposed framework helps automate the distribution, execution, and results analysis of test cases. The workflow of tests and test environments are graphically expressed as tables. Many software development and testing practices can be automated and greatly simplified by using this framework. It can also be used to create a Continuous Integration (CI) system by incorporating the automated build tools or CI servers. This paper provides best practices on automated CI solutions using the proposed framework to provide developers and/or testers with a better idea of progress and code quality throughout the project lifecycle so that they can direct their time and expertise to more important, challenging issues.
Strategies to reduce medication errors with reference to older adults (2006)

This information on best practice is based on a systematic review (Hodglkinson et a/ 2006) conducted by the Australian Centre for Evidence Based Aged Care, formerly a collaborating centre of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). The primary references on which this information is based are available online via Blackwell Synergy: www.blackwell-synergy.com and to members of the institute via the web site: www.joannabriggs.edu.au. This information sheet discusses the following: Types and causes of medication errors. Interventions, including computerised systems, individual patient medication supply, education and training, use of pharmacists and nursing care models. Implications for practice and research. Recommendations.
NAT-Compatibility Testbed: An Environment to Automatically Verify Direct Connection Rate (2010)

In this article, an NAT-compatibility testbed is designed to automatically conduct the repeated experiments, collect the test results, and verify the direct connection rate (DCR) of any NAT traversal programs. Achieving a high DCR is important because using relays may unnecessarily increase the bandwidth cost, processing load of the relay servers, and the end-to-end packet delay. The NAT-compatibility testbed is constructed with 4 components: two peers, an automatic execution mechanism, NAT devices, and signaling/intermediate servers such as STUN, TURN, and SIP. It is also called the fully meshed testbed because the test result of all NAT combinations is a square. It measures the DCR of ICE, KeyStone, and PJNATH as 53.7%, 59.87%, and 50.93%, respectively. Experimental results show that asymmetric and unexpected direct connectivity check results occur in the real Internet. In order to enhance NAT traversal capability, the findings, like "port prediction" and "call-role sensitivity problem," are also described in the experimental results.
SOME CONSEQUENCES OF THE THEORY OF MEMBRANE EQUILIBRIA (1925)

In applying Donnan's theory of membrane equilibria to systems where the non-diffusible ion is furnished by a weak acid, base, or ampholyte, certain new relations have been derived. Equations have been deduced which give the ion ratio and the apparent osmotic pressure as functions of the concentration and ionization constant of the weak electrolyte, and of the hydrogen ion concentration in its solution. The conditions for maximum values of these two properties have been formulated. It is pointed out that the progressive addition of acid to a system containing a non-diffusible weak base should not cause the value of the membrane potential to rise, pass through a maximum, and fall, but should only cause it to diminish. It is shown that the theory predicts slight differences in the effect of salts on the ion ratio in such systems, the effect increasing with the valence of the cation.
Latent Herpes Simplex Virus in Spinal Ganglia of Mice (1971)

Herpes simplex virus establishes a persistent, latent infection in spinal ganglia after mice have recovered from posterior paralysis. Infectious virus is replicated when these ganglia are explanted and maintained as organ cultures in vitro.
What Do We Really Know About 5-HT1A Receptor Signaling in Neuronal Cells? (2016)

Serotonin (5-HT) is a neurotransmitter that plays an important role in neuronal plasticity. Variations in the levels of 5-HT at the synaptic cleft, expression or dysfunction of 5-HT receptors may alter brain development and predispose to various mental diseases. Here, we review the transduction pathways described in various cell types transfected with recombinant 5-HT<sub>1A</sub> receptor (5-HT<sub>1A</sub>R), specially contrasting with those findings obtained in neuronal cells. The 5-HT<sub>1A</sub>R is detected in early stages of neural development and is located in the soma, dendrites and spines of hippocampal neurons. The 5-HT<sub>1A</sub>R differs from other 5-HT receptors because it is coupled to different pathways, depending on the targeted cell. The signaling pathway associated with this receptor is determined by G<sub>α</sub> isoforms and some cascades involve βγ signaling. The activity of 5-HT<sub>1A</sub>R usually promotes a reduction in neuronal excitability and firing, provokes a variation in cAMP and Ca<sup>2+</sup>, levels which may be linked to specific types of behavior and cognition. Furthermore, evidence indicates that 5-HT<sub>1A</sub>R induces neuritogesis and synapse formation, probably by modulation of the neuronal cytoskeleton through MAPK and phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling pathways. Advances in understanding the actions of 5-HT<sub>1A</sub>R and its association with different signaling pathways in the central nervous system will reveal their pivotal role in health and disease.
Stringent homology-based prediction of H. sapiens-M. tuberculosis H37Rv protein-protein interactions (2014)

Our stringent homology-based prediction approach provides a better strategy in predicting PPIs between eukaryotic hosts and prokaryotic pathogens than a conventional homology-based approach. The properties we have observed from the predicted H. sapiens-M. tuberculosis H37Rv PPI network are useful for understanding inter-species host-pathogen PPI networks and provide novel insights for host-pathogen interaction studies.
DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY AFTER RENAL TRANSPLANTATION (1996)

The histologic diagnosis of diabetic glomerulosclerosis was made in 14 renal transplant recipients. All 14 had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, which was the original cause of end-stage renal disease in 12; one patient had membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and another patient had membranous nephropathy as the cause of end-stage renal disease. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was diagnosed at an average age of 18.5 years (range, 8-41 years), and the mean duration of diabetes prior to transplantation was 15 years (range, 2-25 years). All patients were recipients of first kidney transplants (six living related donors and eight cadavers). The histologic diagnosis of diabetic glomerulosclerosis was made on average, 97 months after transplantation (range 41-154 months). All 14 patients had proteinuria (mean 5.3 g/24 hr; range 1.1-12 g/24 hr) and renal dysfunction (mean serum creatinine level, 2.8 mg/dl). Patient and graft survival rates at 1 year, 5 years, and 10 years after transplantation were 100%, 92%, and 59%, and 100%, 92%, and 34%, respectively. Graft failure was due to diabetic nephropathy in seven patients, diabetic nephropathy and membranous nephropathy in one patient, and death due to a cerebrovascular accident in one patient. A total of five patients are alive with a functioning kidney. Of the eight patients who returned to dialysis, four are alive, three remain on dialysis, and 1 had a combined kidney and pancreas transplant. Histologic findings were as follows: 9/14 had moderate or severe diffuse glomerular basement membrane thickening and 2/14 had nodular glomerulosclerosis. Arteriolar lesions were prominent in all cases and was graded moderate or severe in 11 cases. The development of allograft diabetic nephropathy is associated with a high rate of allograft failure.
A biophysical view of the interplay between mechanical forces and signaling pathways during transendothelial cell migration (2010)

The vascular endothelium is exposed to an array of physical forces, including shear stress via blood flow, contact with other cells such as neighboring endothelial cells and leukocytes, and contact with the basement membrane. Endothelial cell morphology, protein expression, stiffness and cytoskeletal arrangement are all influenced by these mechanochemical forces. There are many biophysical tools that are useful in studying how forces are transmitted in endothelial cells, and these tools are also beginning to be used to investigate biophysical aspects of leukocyte transmigration, which is a ubiquitous mechanosensitive process. In particular, the stiffness of the substrate has been shown to have a significant impact on cellular behavior, and this is true for both endothelial cells and leukocytes. Thus, the stiffness of the basement membrane as an endothelial substrate, as well as the stiffness of the endothelium as a leukocyte substrate, is relevant to the process of transmigration. In this review, we discuss recent work that has related the biophysical aspects of endothelial cell interactions and leukocyte transmigration to the biochemical pathways and molecular interactions that take place during this process. Further use of biophysical tools to investigate the biological process of leukocyte transmigration will have implications for tissue engineering, as well as atherosclerosis, stroke and immune system disease research.
High Stability Engine Control (HISTEC): Flight Demonstration Results (1998)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Future aircraft turbine engines, both commercial and military, must be able to accommodate expected increased levels of steady-state and dynamic engine-face distortion. The current approach of incorporating sufficient design stall margin to tolerate these increased levels of distortion would significantly reduce performance. The High Stability Engine Control (HISTEC) program has developed technologies for an advanced, integrated engine control system that uses measurement-based estimates of distortion to enhance engine stability. The resulting distortion tolerant control reduces the required design stall margin, with a corresponding increase in performance and/or decrease in fuel burn. The HISTEC concept was successfully flight demonstrated on the F-15 ACTIVE aircraft during the summer of 1997. The flight demonstration was planned and carried out in two parts, the first to show distortion estimation, and the second to show distortion accommodation. Post-flight analysis shows that the HISTEC technologies are able to successfully estimate and accommodate distortion, transiently setting the stall margin requirement on-line and in real-time. Flight demonstration of the HISTEC technologies has significantly reduced the risk of transitioning the technology to tactical and commercial engines.</div>
Table-lookup algorithms for elementary functions and their error analysis (2002)

Table-lookup algorithms for calculating elementary functions offer superior speed and accuracy when compared with more traditional algorithms. It is shown that, with careful design, it is feasible to implement table-lookup algorithms in hardware. A uniform approach for carrying out a tight error analysis for such implementations is presented. The advantages of table-lookup algorithms over CORDIC and ordinary (without table-lookup) polynomial algorithms are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Coronary Calcification (1965)

Measurements of the per cent of the surface with calcified lesions have been made for the three main coronary arteries from 1,242 consecutive necropsies of whites and Negroes between the ages of 30 to 69 years. Calcified lesions were most prevalent and most extensive in the left anterior descending branch and occurred with greatest frequency at 2 to 3 cm. from the orifice. Whites had greater involvement than Negroes and males had greater involvement than females. Prevalence and extent of calcification have been compared in four cause-of-death or disease categories; cases dying of coronary heart disease had greater involvement than the other three groups. The prevalence of ischemic myocardial lesions, complicated coronary lesions, or stenotic lesions was greater for cases with calcified lesions, and this prevalence increases with increase in extent of calcified lesions. The significance of the presence of coronary calcified lesions for the diagnosis of advanced coronary atherosclerosis is greatest for younger individuals.
MUCOID IMPACTION OF THE BRONCHI IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS (1967)

Mucoid impaction of the bronchi (MIB) is an unusual complication of adult asthma. In a review of 675 serial chest radiographs of 68 children and 2 adults with cystic fibrosis (CF), opacifications consistent with the diagnosis of MIB have been noted in 22 children and 1 adult, an overall incidence of 33%. The lesion of MIB in CF is a bronchusrelated complex of branched finger-like or nodular densities due to progressive distention of bronchi with tenacious mucopus. It is most commonly observed in the right upper lobe. Although it may spontaneously disappear, it tends to recur. Persistence of MIB for periods longer than 1 month can be related to subsequent bronchiectasis in the same segment. Clinical diagnosis is totally dependent on radiographic recognition, since symptoms and signs are characteristically lacking or non-specific. Atelectasis does not occur, probably because of collateral ventilation from adjacent uninvolved lung. Certain apparent differences have been noted between the adult (asthma) and childhood (CF) forms of MIB. Planigraphic and bronchographic studies in selected patients confirm the intrabronchial location of this process. Bronchial lavage is effective in washing out some impactions that have not responded to more conventional mucolytic and physical therapy. Recognition of MIB in a roentgenogram of a child should be considered presumptive evidence of CF, since similar opacifications are very rarely seen in children with other diseases. We believe that (1) progressive MIB at a subsegmental level is the major cause of bronchiectasis in CF and (2) secondary collateral ventilation may be the major cause of obstructive overinflation of the lungs in CF.
Non-parametric representation and prediction of single- and multi-shell diffusion-weighted MRI data using Gaussian processes (2015)

Diffusion MRI offers great potential in studying the human brain microstructure and connectivity. However, diffusion images are marred by technical problems, such as image distortions and spurious signal loss. Correcting for these problems is non-trivial and relies on having a mechanism that predicts what to expect. In this paper we describe a novel way to represent and make predictions about diffusion MRI data. It is based on a Gaussian process on one or several spheres similar to the Geostatistical method of "Kriging". We present a choice of covariance function that allows us to accurately predict the signal even from voxels with complex fibre patterns. For multi-shell data (multiple non-zero b-values) the covariance function extends across the shells which means that data from one shell is used when making predictions for another shell.
A Run-to-Run Profile Control Algorithm for Improving the Flatness of Nano-Scale Products (2013)

In scaling-up Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) array manufacturing, the uniformity of CNTs' height, or flatness of array, is critical for the yield of nanodevices fabricated from CNTs, and thus needs to be properly controlled. However, since the flatness of the CNTs array is better characterized by a profile, the conventional run-to-run (R2R) controllers that are designed for a single or multiple quality indicators are not effective in controlling the CNTs array manufacturing process. Therefore, in this work, we first develop a statistical model to characterize the variation of the flatness profile, and then derive a novel R2R profile controller based on a state-space model and Kalman filter to improve the flatness of CNTs array. The performance of the proposed R2R control algorithm is studied and compared with existing controller via simulation studies.
A tree-matching chip (1999)

Tree matching is an important problem used for three-dimensional object recognition in image understanding and vision systems. The objective of tree matching is to find the set of nodes at which a pattern tree matches a subject tree. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a very large scale integration (VLSI) chip for tree pattern matching. The architecture is based on an iterative algorithm that is mapped to a systolic array computational model and takes O(t(n+a)) time to profess a subject of size n using a processors where a is the length of the largest substring in the pattern and t is the number of substrings in the pattern. The variables and nonvariables of the pattern tree are processed separately, which simplifies the hardware in each processing element. The proposed partitioning strategy is independent of the problem size and allows larger strings to be processed based on the array size. A prototype CMOS VLSI chip has been designed using the Cadence design tools and the simulation results indicate that it will operate at 33.3 MHz.