gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Engineering Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses with Improved Growth Properties for Vaccine Development (2013)

Background: No licensed vaccine is currently available against serotype A foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in China, despite the isolation of A/WH/CHA/09 in 2009, partly because this strain does not replicate well in baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells.
The Accuracy of the Clock Synchronization Achieved by TEMPO in (1987)

This paper discusses the upper and lower bounds on the accuracy of the time synchronization achieved by the algorithms implemented in TEMPO, a distributed clock synchronizer running on Berkeley UNIX 4.3BSD systems. We show that the accuracy is a function of the network transmission latency, and depends linearly upon the drift rate of the clocks and the interval between synchronizations. Comparisons with other clock synchronization algorithms reveals that This paper discusses the upper and lower bounds on the accuracy of the time synchronization achieved by the algorithms implemented in TEMPO, a distributed clock synchronizer running on Berkeley UNIX 4.3BSD systems. We show that the accuracy is a function of the network transmission latency, and depends linearly upon the drift rate of the clocks and the interval between synchronizations. Comparisons with other clock synchronization algorithms reveals that TEMPO may achieve better synchronization accuracy at a lower cost.
Histatin-1 Attenuates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Signaling in RAW264.7 Macrophages (2021)

Macrophages play a critical role in the inflammatory response to environmental triggers, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Inflammatory signaling through macrophages and the innate immune system are increasingly recognized as important contributors to multiple acute and chronic disease processes. Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical that plays an important role in immune and inflammatory responses as an important intercellular messenger. In addition, NO has an important role in inflammatory responses in mucosal environments such as the ocular surface. Histatin peptides are well-established antimicrobial and wound healing agents. These peptides are important in multiple biological systems, playing roles in responses to the environment and immunomodulation. Given the importance of macrophages in responses to environmental triggers and pathogens, we investigated the effect of histatin-1 (Hst1) on LPS-induced inflammatory responses and the underlying molecular mechanisms in RAW264.7 (RAW) macrophages. LPS-induced inflammatory signaling, NO production and cytokine production in macrophages were tested in response to treatment with Hst1. Hst1 application significantly reduced LPS-induced NO production, inflammatory cytokine production, and inflammatory signaling through the JNK and NF-kB pathways in RAW cells. These results demonstrate that Hst1 can inhibit LPS-induced inflammatory mediator production and MAPK signaling pathways in macrophages.
AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO SHORELINE MAPPING FOR SPILL RESPONSE PLANNING IN CANADA (1997)

ABSTRACT One of Canada's national goals is to provide a consistent or standardized application of techniques for mapping, data collection, and data generation. This consistency is crucial if personnel are brought in from different regions during a drill or spill, since they can then become instantly familiar with the process and terminology. The same sets of standard terms and conditions are applied to prespill database development, sensitivity and prespill mapping, shoreline cleanup assessment technique (SCAT) data generation, and the response management decision process. This concept is very powerful because it provides a consistent terminology for the entire range of prespill planning, preparedness, and response activities. This paper briefly describes the scope, objectives, and status of this mapping initiative and highlights recent developments in the effort to combine the full range of prespill activities, from data generation and decision development to sensitivity mapping. The scheme addresses the requirements of decision makers, planning managers, and operation managers. The program in place for Atlantic Canada integrates the following:A single pollution reporting and alerting system covering the four eastern Canadian provincesPartnerships in the environmental emergency field, particularly with respect to the provision of comprehensive environmental adviceEnvironment Canada's SCAT methodology in prespill data generationShoreline segmentationResponse management by objectivesEnvironment Canada's Sensitivity Mapping ProgramEnvironment Canada's Field Guides for the Documentation and the Protection and Treatment of Oiled Shorelines The desktop mapping package and spill trends database that have been adapted provide an easy-to-use approach to the manipulation and display of the wide range of technical and support data and information stored in the databases. The databases, and therefore the maps, can be updated easily and quickly with new information as it becomes available. In this way response managers have access to a wide range of information that normally would be difficult to collate and present in map form, particularly under the pressures at the time of a response.
Suppression of expiratory activity in a mouse model of Rett Syndrome follows blockade of GABA reuptake and activation of serotonin type 1a receptors (2010)

Rett Syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that features frequent apneic episodes. The MeCP2 +/− mouse is a model of RTT and mimics these respiratory abnormalities. We have shown in an in situ preparation that tonic bursting in the expiratory portion of hypoglossal (HN) and abdominal (AbN) nerves characterize these apneas. In order to strengthen the hypothesis that insufficient inhibition of expiratory neurons underlies phrenic (PN) apnea, we examined HN burst envelope in the apneas that remained after GABA reuptake was blocked (NO‐711, 5.2μM). GABA uptake block reduced tonic HN by 24±3 % in MeCP2 +/− females. In addition, tonic AbN was eliminated in mice that showed this before NO‐711. The combination of GABA reuptake blockade and 8‐OH‐DPAT (a 5‐HT 1a agonist) abolished apneas completely precluding examination of the effect on HN and AbN. We propose that aberrant expiratory discharges may explain the apneas and that NO‐711 and 8‐OH‐DPAT act synergistically to suppress this excessive expiratory activity in the brainstem respiratory network, thereby correcting the respiratory phenotype observed in MeCP2 +/− mice. Supported by NIH R01 NS057815; MOD; IRSF.
Insulin Represses Fasting-Induced Expression of Hepatic Fat-Specific Protein 27 (2017)

The fat-specific protein 27 (Fsp27) gene belongs to the cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor 45-like effector family. Fsp27 is highly expressed in adipose tissue as well as the fatty liver of ob/ob mice. Fsp27 is directly regulated by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in livers of genetically obese leptin deficient ob/ob mice. In the present study, Fsp27 was markedly induced by 24 h fasting in genetically normal mouse livers and repressed by refeeding a high sucrose diet. In contrast with the liver, Fsp27 expression was decreased in adipose tissue by fasting and increased by refeeding. Interestingly, fasting-induced Fsp27 liver expression was independent of PPARγ. Moreover, Fsp27 expression was induced in the insulin-depleted livers of streptozotocin-treated mice. Finally, Fsp27 expression was repressed by direct injection of glucose or insulin in fasting mice. These results suggest that insulin represses Fsp27 expression in the fasting liver.
Biosynthesis of the Antibiotic Nematophin and Its Elongated Derivatives in Entomopathogenic Bacteria (2017)

Nematophin, a known antibiotic natural product against Staphylococcus aureus for almost 20 years, is produced by all strains of Xenorhabdus nematophila. Despite its simple structure, its biosynthesis was unknown. Its biosynthetic pathway is reported using heterologous production in Escherichia coli. Additionally, the identification, structure elucidation, and biosynthesis of six extended nematophin derivatives from Xenorhabdus PB62.4 carrying an additional valine are reported. Preliminary bioactivity studies suggest a biological role of these compounds in the bacteria-nematode-insect symbiosis.
Fast Exponentiation Using Data Compression (1998)

We present the first exponentiation algorithm that uses the entropy of the source of the exponent to improve on existing exponentiation algorithms when the entropy is smaller than $(1+w(S)/l(S))^{-1}$, where $w(S)$ is the Hamming weight of the exponent, and $l(S)$ is its length. For entropy 1 it is comparable to the best-known general purpose exponentiation algorithms.
Referencing Strategy for the Direct Comparison of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Molecular Dynamics Motional Parameters in RNA (2009)

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are both techniques that can be used to characterize the structural dynamics of biomolecules and their underlying time scales. Comparison of relaxation parameters obtained through each methodology allows for cross validation of techniques and for complementarity in the analysis of dynamics. Here we present a combined NMR/MD study of the dynamics of HIV-1 transactivation response (TAR) RNA. We compute relaxation constants (R(1), R(2), and NOE) and model-free parameters (S(2) and tau) from a 65 ns molecular dynamics (MD) trajectory and compare them with the respective parameters measured in a domain-elongation NMR experiment. Using the elongated domain as the frame of reference for all computed parameters allows for a direct comparison between experiment and simulation. We see good agreement for many parameters and gain further insight into the nature of the local and global dynamics of TAR, which are found to be quite complex, spanning multiple time scales. For the few cases where agreement is poor, comparison of the dynamical parameters provides insight into the limits of each technique. We suggest a frequency-matching procedure that yields an upper bound for the time scale of dynamics to which the NMR relaxation experiment is sensitive.
Clinical implementation of AAPM TG61 protocol for kilovoltage x‐ray beam dosimetry (2002)

Historically, there have been a variety of dosimetry protocols used for kilovoltage x-ray therapy beams with a set of conversion factors and correction factors taken from different references. Corresponding to the continued installation and use of kilovoltage machines, the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) presented a unified protocol developed by Task Group 61 (TG61). TG61 determines the absorbed dose to water with an ionization chamber calibrated in air in terms of air kerma (Nk). TG61 presents both an in-air method and an in-phantom method. In this work we only examine the TG61 in-air method. Our traditional dosimetry procedure, which is based upon NCRP Report 69 and on material found in standard medical physics texts, has been compared to the TG61. A variety of kilovoltage beam energies were examined with a set of various field sizes and source to surface distances. TG61 published updated data for the mass absorption coefficient ratios, backscatter factors, and the average energy per ion pair factor. The following conclusions have been reached: (1) Our traditional procedures and the TG61 protocol for in-air measurements are equivalent. (2) The conversion and correction factors used in TG61 are different by up to 4.5% compared to the old factors that we have used. (3) The application of the TG61 factors can result in up to 5% differences in the determination of the absorbed dose.
Modulated Source FTS for Atmospheric Pollution Measurements (1995)

Most active open-path FTIR measurements are made using a bistatic configuration in which an infrared source is set up in the field at one side of the parcel of atmosphere to be measured and the Michelson interferometer and detector is placed on the other side. In order to maintain efficient collection of light at the detector, the source may be placed at the optical focus of a transmitting telescope and a receiver telescope may be optically coupled to the interferometer and detector. In this configuration, the infrared radiation emitted from objects in the field of view of the detector (objects behind or around the source, the receiver optics and the interferometer beamsplitter) passes through the interferometer and contributes to the interferogram and thus to the Fourier transformed single beam spectrum. The gray-body emission curve for the terrestrial temperature range (260 °K to 315 °K) extends through the entire fingerprint window of the atmospheric infrared spectrum (700 to 1200 cm -1 ).
The Effect of Intratracheal Pulmonary Ventilation on Dead Space and Airway Pressures in Rabbits with Acute Respiratory Failure Induced by Oleic Acid Injection (1997)

Background : Intratracheal pulmonary ventilation (ITPV) was developed to allow a decrease in physiological dead space during mechanical ventilation. To reduce anatomic dead space, a reverse thrust catheter (RTC) is introduced into an endotracheal tube (ETT) through an adapter and positioned just above the carina inside the ETT. ITPV can be combined with pressure control mode of mechanical ventilation to make hybrid ventilation(HV). The effect of HV on the reduction of dead space was compared with that of conventional mechanical ventilation(CMV) in rabbits with acute respiratory failure. Methods : Oleic acid of 0.06 ml/kg was injected to induce acute respiratory failure in 7 rabbits. PaO2 and PaCO2 were measured 30 minutes after the injection. Oleic acid was injected in another 7 rabbits to compare CMV with HV while increasing the respiratory rate(RR). Tidal volume, dead space(VD) and peak inspiratory pressure(PIP) were measured at the same RR. Results : PaO2 decreased significantly from 467± 68 mmHg to 156 ±26 mmHg at FIO2 1.0 after the injection of oleic acid. In another 7 rabbits, the VD''s of CMV were 34± 10 ml, 27 ±10 ml, 20± 6 ml, and 18± 3 ml at respiratory rate of 20/min, 40/min, 80/min and 120/min, respectively. The VD''s of HV were 28 ±11 ml, 16± 8 ml, 9± 4 ml, and 7± 3 ml at the same respiratory rates as in CMV. The VD''s of HV were lower than those of CMV. The PIP''s were lower in HV than in CMV.
 Conclusion: We conclude that HV, as the modification of ITPV, can be applied to acute respiratory failure to minimize the airway pressures and dead space of CMV. (Korean J Anesthesiol 1997; 32: 360∼365)
Complete Genome Sequence of the Bacterium Bacillus circulans Jordan Strain 32352 (2017)

Here, we report the complete genome sequence for the <i>Bacillus circulans</i> Jordan strain 32352. This species is a soil dwelling bacterium that expresses glycosyl hydrolase enzymes degrading pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides.
Systematic Web Data Mining with Business Architecture to Enhance Business Assessment Services (2011)

Among the numerous challenges faced by enterprises today, two recent trends have significantly impacted the manner businesses are run and decisions are made. First, many enterprises have adopted Business Architecture concepts to structure, define, plan, measure and optimize their operations. Second, enterprises have leveraged the vast wealth of dynamic and unstructured web information to identify competitive advantages, recognize social media sentiment patterns or anomalies, and assuage potentially damaging client perceptions. These tasks are commonly performed independently of each other, thus missing several synergetic opportunities. By establishing a systematic relationship between these seemingly disjoint trends, enterprises and consulting service companies gain competitive, operational advantages, and recurring benefits. This paper describes a systematic approach whereby results from text mining analysis are integrated with the Business Architecture to empower business users to leverage social media data for increased decision making efficiencies. Applying design science, the proposed approach is explained by providing a conceptual model and a two-phased integration method. It is then buttressed by a sample scenario derived from the banking industry. We discuss the potential operational and competitive gains realized by adopting our approach, and the directions for future work.
On the response speed of pi-cells (2000)

Abstract We discuss the role of the Miesowicz viscosities on director reorientation in pi-cells, showing that the symmetry of this system allows for a simplification of the dynamical equations. We consider practical aspects of material optimisation for increased pi-cell switching speed. We make an observation regarding the switching speeds of positive and negative dielectric anisotropy surface mode devices.
Fully programmable ring-resonator-based integrated photonic circuit for phase coherent applications (2006)

A novel ring-resonator-based integrated photonic chip with ultrafine frequency resolution, providing programmable, stable, and accurate optical-phase control is demonstrated. The ability to manipulate the optical phase of the individual frequency components of a signal is a powerful tool for optical communications, signal processing, and RF photonics applications. As a demonstration of the power of these components, we report their use as programmable spectral-phase encoders (SPEs) and decoders for wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM)-compatible optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA). Most important for the application here, the high resolution of these ring-resonator circuits makes possible the independent control of the optical phase of the individual tightly spaced frequency lines of a mode-locked laser (MLL). This unique approach allows us to limit the coded signal's spectral bandwidth, thereby allowing for high spectral efficiency (compared to other OCDMA systems) and compatibility with existing WDM systems with a rapidly reconfigurable set of codes. A four-user OCDMA system using polarization multiplexing is shown to operate at data rates of 2.5 Gb/s within a 40-GHz transparent optical window with a bit error rate (BER) better than 10/sup -9/ and a spectral efficiency of 25%.
Immunoassays for Identification of Biological Agents in Sample Unknowns: NATO SlBCA Exercise VI (2005)

In March 2005, the NATO Panel VII Subgroup on Sampling and Identification of Biological and Chemical Agents (SIBCA) conducted the sixth international training exercise on identification of biological agents. Fifteen biological sample unknowns, diluted in PBS, were sent to each laboratory and participants were advised that biological agents could consist of varying concentrations of any of the following three gamma-irradiated organisms: Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, or vaccinia virus. The object of the exercise was to assess each nation's current capabilities in assay sensitivity for these agents. An immunological-based technology, the enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), was used at DRDC Suffield for screening of sample unknowns. Antigen capture ELISAs for each of the three possible biological agents were used to screen the samples. In addition, a fluorescent hand-held assay, the Rapid Analyte Measurement Platform (RAMP[trademark]), manufactured by Response Biomedical Corp., was used to analyze the samples for the presence of Bacillus anthracis and vaccinia virus. Five biological agent unknowns were identified by ELISA in the SIBCA samples, three samples containing B. anthracis and two samples containing Y. pestis. Two biological agent unknowns were identified by RAMP in the SIBCA samples, both containing B. anthracis. No agents were identified in 11 of the SIBCA sample unknowns. A comparison of the immunoassay results with the identity of organisms in SIBCA sample unknowns, as revealed by Dugway Proving Ground following the exercise, indicated confirmed identification of five agents and the sample blank, and 12 false negative identifications.
Gastric mucosal nitric oxide synthase activity: inhibition by phosphorylation, arginine analogues and trifluoperazine (1994)

Conference Article| August 01 1994 Gastric mucosal nitric oxide synthase activity: inhibition by phosphorylation, arginine analogues and trifluoperazine JULIE M. WILLIAMS; JULIE M. WILLIAMS 1Pharmaceutical Sciences Institute, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar JAMES F. BROWN; JAMES F. BROWN 1Pharmaceutical Sciences Institute, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar PETER J. HANSON; PETER J. HANSON 1Pharmaceutical Sciences Institute, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar BRENDAN J. R. WHITTLE BRENDAN J. R. WHITTLE 2Wellcome Research Laboratories, Langley Court, Beckenham, Kent BR3 3BS, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1994) 22 (3): 271S. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst022271s Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation JULIE M. WILLIAMS, JAMES F. BROWN, PETER J. HANSON, BRENDAN J. R. WHITTLE; Gastric mucosal nitric oxide synthase activity: inhibition by phosphorylation, arginine analogues and trifluoperazine. Biochem Soc Trans 1 August 1994; 22 (3): 271S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst022271s Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: NO, nitric oxide This content is only available as a PDF. © 1994 Biochemical Society1994 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Clarifying Taxonomy and Nomenclature of Fothergilla (Hamamelidaceae) Cultivars and Hybrids (2007)

Fothergilla L. spp. are valuable nursery and garden plants. However, clear differentiation among F. gardenii Murray, F. major Lodd., and potential hybrids can be difficult based solely on morphological characteristics. The objectives of this work were to verify and describe the existence of interspecific hybrids and to clarify the proper nomenclature for cultivars of Fothergilla that are commonly grown in the nursery industry. A comparison of morphological characteristics was made among diverse clones representing both species and potential hybrids. A combination of chromosome counts and DNA contents was used to clearly differentiate among F. gardenii ( 2n = 4 x = 48), F. major ( 2n = 6 x = 72), and hybrids ( 2n = 5 x = 60). It was determined that the majority of cultivars represented in commerce were hybrids. Fothergilla × intermedia Ranney and Fantz (hybrid fothergilla) is proposed as the name for these hybrids and is validated with a Latin diagnosis. Although certain morphological characteristics can be used to differentiate between F. gardenii and F. major , the hybrids tend to be intermediate and are particularly difficult to separate from F. major on the basis of appearance. The correct classification and nomenclature for 17 different taxa are presented.