gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Orexin receptor antagonists: a review of promising compounds patented since 2006 (2010)

The study of the orexin system has emerged as one of the key new fields of investigation in neuroscience. The demonstration of clinical proof-of-concept for the treatment of primary insomnia by Actelion in early 2007 has spurred significant interest in this field and competition has markedly increased since 2006.
Animal-Vehicle Crash Mitigation Using Advanced Technology. Phase II: System Effectiveness and System Acceptance (2009)

This project was initiated in the fall of 1999. The results through the fall of 2005 (Phase I) have been documented in detail in an earlier report. The Phase I accomplishments included the following: identification of existing animal detection system technologies and their vendors; selection of two of these systems for field tests; deployment of the two selected systems (one in Yellowstone National Park in Montana, and one in Pennsylvania); documentation of the experiences with system installation; testing of the reliability of the systems; and formulating advice for the future development and application, including cost-benefit analyses. One of the two experimental animal detection systems (Montana site) proved to be able to detect elk (Cervus elaphus) reliably. However, as a result of steep slopes and curves, the system had blind spots where large animals were able to approach the road undetected. Therefore the warning signs could not be attached, and the effectiveness of the system in reducing vehicle speed and in reducing the number of collisions with large wild animals could not be evaluated. In Phase II of the project, subject of the current report, system modifications reduced the blind spots so that the warning signs could be attached. Speed measurements showed that passenger cars, pick-ups, vans, and trucks with two units or more all had lower vehicle speed with the warning signs activated compared to warning signs off. The number of collisions with large wild animals was 58-67% lower than expected, but because of the variability in the number of collisions and only one year of post installation collision data, the researchers could not test whether this reduction was significant. The opinions on and experiences of drivers with the system were documented in interviews. A majority would have liked to see the US Highway 191 system stay in place (59%), and thought animal detection systems were a good idea, in general (71%). In accordance with an agreement with Yellowstone National Park, the system was removed in fall 2008, due to high maintenance, lack of spare parts and concerns about landscape aesthetics. Finally, this report includes a recommended step plan for agencies considering the installation of an animal detection system alongside a road and recommendations for future research and monitoring of the reliability and effectiveness of animal detection systems.
Biological significance of singlet oxygen. (2002)

The biological significance of singlet oxygen (1O2), an electronically excited species of oxygen, has been realized only in the last two decades. This was mainly due to the lack of proper methodology to generate this reactive oxygen species (ROS) in pure form and its reactions with biological molecules. Recent studies, using newly developed detection methods, show that 1O2 being generated in many biological systems, can significantly and quite often adversely alter several crucial biomolecules including DNA, proteins and lipids with undesirable consequences including cytotoxicity and/or disesase development. The reactions of 1O2 with the biological molecules are rather specific, as compared to other ROS. There are various compounds, mainly derived from natural sources that offer protection against damage induced by 1O2. Among the antioxidants carotenoids are the most effective singlet oxygen quenchers followed by tocopherols and others. The same reactive species if generated specifically in diseased states such as cancer can lead to the cure of the disease, and this principle is utilized in the newly developing modality of cancer treatment namely photodynamic therapy. Singlet oxygen, in low concentrations can also act as signaling molecule with several biological implications. This review clearly brings out the biological significance of 1O2.
Note: A novel atomic force microscope fast imaging approach: Variable-speed scanning (2011)

Imaging speed is one of the key factors limiting atomic force microscope's (AFM) wide applications. To improve its performance, a variable-speed scanning (VSS) method is designed in this note for an AFM. Specifically, in the VSS mode, the scanning speed is tuned online according to the feedback information to properly distribute imaging time along sample surface. Furthermore, some practical mechanism is proposed to determine the best time of moving the AFM tip to the next scanned point. The contrast experiment results show that the VSS method speeds up the imaging rate while ensuring image quality.
Prognostic significance of diagnostic laparoscopy for spontaneous fertility. (1999)

Severe tubal pathology detected at laparoscopy affects fertility prospects strongly. However, since spontaneous intrauterine pregnancies occurred even in patients with bilateral tubal occlusion at laparoscopy, this technique should not be considered the gold standard in the diagnosis of tubal infertility.
Intracellular pathway followed by invertase endocytosed by rat liver (1986)

Yeast invertase, when injected into rats, is endocytosed by the liver, mainly by sinusoidal cells. The work reported here aims at investigating the organelles involved in the intracellular journey of this protein. Experiments were performed on rats injected with 125I-invertase (25 micrograms/100 g body wt) and killed at various times after injection. Homogenates were fractioned by differential centrifugation, according to de Duve, Pressman, Gianetto, Wattiaux and Appelmans [(1955) Biochem. J. 63, 604-617]. Early after injection the radioactivity was recovered mainly in the microsomal fraction P; later it was found in the mitochondrial fractions (ML). At all times a peak of relative specific activity was observed in the light mitochondrial fraction L. After isopycnic centrifugation in a sucrose gradient, structures bearing 125I-invertase, present in P, exhibited a relatively flattened distribution with a density of around 1.17 g/ml, relatively similar to that of alkaline phosphodiesterase a plasma membrane marker. The organelles located in ML were endowed with a more homogeneous distribution, their median equilibrium density increasing up to 30 min after injection (1.20 g/ml----1.23 g/ml); with time the radioactivity distribution became more closely related to the distribution of arylsulfatase, a lysosomal enzyme. ML fractions, isolated 10 min and 180 min after 125I-invertase injection, were subjected to isopycnic centrifugation in Percoll gradient with, as solvent, 0.25 M, 0.5 M and 0.75 M sucrose. The change of density of the particles bearing 125I-invertase, as a function of the sucrose concentration, paralleled the change of density of the lysosomes as ascertained by the behaviour of arylsulfatase. The distribution of radioactivity and arylsulfatase in a sucrose gradient was established after isopycnic centrifugation of the ML fraction of rats injected with 125I-invertase, the animals having received or not an injection of 900 micrograms/100 g body weight of unlabelled invertase 15 h before killing. In agreement with our previous results, a shift towards higher densities of about 25% or arylsulfatase takes place in rats pretreated with unlabelled invertase. At 10 min, invertase preinjection did not change the radioactivity distribution curve. Later, it caused a progressive shift of the distribution towards higher-density regions of the gradient where the arylsulfatase, which had been shifted, was located.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
From game design elements to gamefulness (2011)

Recent years have seen a rapid proliferation of mass-market consumer software that takes inspiration from video games. Usually summarized as "gamification", this trend connects to a sizeable body of existing concepts and research in human-computer interaction and game studies, such as serious games, pervasive games, alternate reality games, or playful design. However, it is not clear how "gamification" relates to these, whether it denotes a novel phenomenon, and how to define it. Thus, in this paper we investigate "gamification" and the historical origins of the term in relation to precursors and similar concepts. It is suggested that "gamified" applications provide insight into novel, gameful phenomena complementary to playful phenomena. Based on our research, we propose a definition of "gamification" as the use of game design elements in non-game contexts.
Toxics EPA assessment of methylene chloride in paint strippers identifies health risks (2014)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTToxics EPA assessment of methylene chloride in paint strippers identifies health risksCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2014, 92, 36, 7Publication Date (Print):September 8, 2014Publication History Published online31 March 2015Published inissue 8 September 2014https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-09236-notw7Copyright © 2014 Chemical & Engineering NewsArticle Views6Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (393 KB) SUBJECTS:Anions,Carbene compounds,Testing and assessment Get e-Alerts
The "Two Presidencies" Thesis and the Reagan Administration (1991)

The major claim of the "Two Presidencies" thesis is that presidents fare better with Congress on foreign policy than on domestic policy. President Reagan (1981-88) received a "two presidencies" voting response from the House and Senate only when his party was a minority. The Republican Senate majority of 1981-86 produced no such effect. When "two presidencies" occurs, the extra support for this conservative president comes predominantly from Southern Democrats in coalition with Republicans on foreign policy but not on domestic policy. The phenomenon continues to exist but signals presidential weakness rather than strength
Polishing of silicon by the cupric ion process (1969)

This paper describes a newly developed chem-mech polishing process for silicon wafers. This polishing process, without using any abrasives, can produce a silicon surface free of work damage. A solution composed of cupric nitrate, ammonium fluoride, and nitric acid is used on a conventional polishing wheel. The rate of stock removal is controlled primarily by the composition of the solution and the polishing wheel temperature. Highly polished surfaces have been obtained with stock removal rates as high as 20 mils per hour. At higher removal rates, the process is difficult to control and surface quality suffers.
Elongation factor-dependent transcript shortening by template-engaged RNA polymerase II. (1992)

In addition to polynucleotide polymerization, DNA polymerases and bacterial RNA polymerase can also remove nucleotides from the growing end of nucleic acid chains. For DNA polymerases this activity is an important factor in establishing fidelity in DNA synthesis. This report describes a novel in vitro activity of RNA polymerase II whereby it cleaves an RNA chain contained within an active elongation complex. These elongation complexes are arrested at a previously identified, naturally occurring transcriptional pause site in a human gene. The new 3'-end revealed by this cleavage remains associated with an active elongation complex and is capable of being extended by RNA polymerase II. Nascent RNA cleavage is evident after removal of free nucleotides and is dependent upon a divalent metal cation and transcription elongation factor SII. This function of SII could be important in its function as an activator of transcription elongation. It is also possible that the transcript cleavage activity of RNA polymerase II represents a proofreading function of the enzyme.
An approach to test the open-loop parameters of feedback amplifiers (2002)

A novel method for determining open-loop parameters, such as unity-gain frequency and phase margin, in feedback amplifiers is given. It is based on relations between open-loop and closed-loop configurations and is very useful for evaluating the above parameters in a unity-gain amplifier from a simple measure of its closed-loop 3 dB cutoff frequency and the respective phase for a given feedback factor /spl beta/. The approach is validated by simulations of an ideal amplifier and of a real OTA. Moreover, measures carried out for a /spl mu/A-741 operational amplifier show a percentage error between real and calculated values lower than 2%.
Enlightenment and the Spirit of the Vienna Circle (1987)

I have two aims in this paper. My wide one is to discuss what it is for philosophy to enlighten. I am using the same concept of enlightenment that Kant wrote about: It is what brings a rational outlook to social and political life, in opposition to superstition, self-deception and other forms of immaturity. If philosophy is to do this, it is not sufficient for it to have a rational theory about society, nor is having such a theory even necessary, since philosophers can try to make a community more reasonable without formulating a social philosophy. The Vienna Circle is an example. The point of enlightenment is to change society rather than to develop research programs. The difference is between involvement with real life on the one hand and an idle theory on the other. My narrow aim is to display the self-image of the Vienna Circle as philosophers of enlightenment. They agreed that the important task of any philosophical school was to enlighten and that positivism did so because it expressed the scientific spirit. This is the second concept I discuss. I will show that what they meant by ‘the scientific spirit’ was a moral outlook present in socialism and hostile to fascism. This is not what people usually understand by it. I am also not giving the received historical view of the Circle. Rather the English and American idea is that positivism was entirely an academic movement. The social concerns of its advocates were incidental to its philosophical significance. The Frankfurt School's view is that it had a hidden alliance with technology. My purpose is to counter both these misinterpretations.
Public Procurement and Citizens Monitoring (2012)

This paper, Freedom Forum, is based on the pillars of protection of human rights, media freedom, right to information and democracy. Freedom Forum has a strong belief that democracy can flourish only when there is people's participation in every decision making process on the one hand and on the other the leadership of public agency should be transparent and accountable to the people. It holds that if people do not have the right to know and are not empowered to question their government for accountability, democracy will not have real meaning in the true sense. Freedom Forum has the firm conviction that democracy cannot thrive and serve citizen's interests unless people's right to freedom of expression and of press is guaranteed. In addition, it posits that one of the major themes and working areas of Freedom Forum is protection and promotion of human rights. Freedom Forum believes that guarantee of fundamental rights will lead to the flourishing of democracy and improving the livelihoods of people. Nepal is currently passing through a serious transitional period with sharp violation of people's basic human rights from different sections of society.
Unmanned ground operations using semantic image segmentation through a Bayesian network (2016)

This paper discusses the machine vision element of a system designed to allow automated taxiing for Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) around civil aerodromes. The purpose of the computer vision system is to provide direct sensor data which can be used to validate vehicle position, in addition to detect potential collision risks. This is achieved through the use of a singular monocular sensor. Untrained clustering is used to segment the visual feed before descriptors of each cluster (primarily colour and texture) are then used to estimate the class. As the competency of each individual estimate can vary based on multiple factors (number of pixels, lighting conditions and even surface type) a Bayesian network is used to perform probabilistic data fusion, in order to improve the classification results. This result is shown to perform accurate image segmentation in real-world conditions, providing information viable for map matching.
Distinguishing Endogenous Retroviral LTRs from SINE Elements Using Features Extracted from Evolved Side Effect Machines (2012)

Side effect machines produce features for classifiers that distinguish different types of DNA sequences. They have the, as yet unexploited, potential to give insight into biological features of the sequences. We introduce several innovations to the production and use of side effect machine sequence features. We compare the results of using consensus sequences and genomic sequences for training classifiers and find that more accurate results can be obtained using genomic sequences. Surprisingly, we were even able to build a classifier that distinguished consensus sequences from genomic sequences with high accuracy, suggesting that consensus sequences are not always representative of their genomic counterparts. We apply our techniques to the problem of distinguishing two types of transposable elements, solo LTRs and SINEs. Identifying these sequences is important because they affect gene expression,genome structure, and genetic diversity, and they serve as genetic markers. They are of similar length, neither codes for protein, and both have many nearly identical copies throughout the genome. Being able to efficiently and automatically distinguish them will aid efforts to improve annotations of genomes. Our approach reveals structural characteristics of the sequences of potential interest to biologists.
Vorbemerkungen (2000)

No AccessInvestitionsgütermarketingNov 2000VorbemerkungenHans Peter RichterHans Peter Richterhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446440142.001SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2000Pages: 10-10Print ISBN: 978-3-446-43904-7eISBN: 978-3-446-44014-2 Copyright & Permissions© 2013 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Web service composition transaction management (2004)

The development of new web services by composition of existing services is becoming an extensive approach. This has resulted in transactions that span in multiple web services. These business transactions may be unpredictable and long in duration. Thus they may not be acceptable to lock resources exclusively for such long period. Two-phase commit is also not suitable for transactions with some long sub-transactions. Compensation is a way to ensure transaction reliability. However, rolling back a previously completed transaction is potentially expensive. Thus, tentative holding is another option. This paper presents a transaction management model for web service composition. We apply the approach of tentative hold and compensation for the composite transaction. We also present a multi-dimension negotiation model for the service composition.
Use of an ICL 1901 Computer for Listing Archives and Manuscripts (1969)

Southampton University Library possesses a miscellaneous collection of archives and manuscripts, partly calendared, but for the most part identified only by accession numbers. It was decided to deal with them as follows:
Fibroblast Growth Factors: A Controlling Mechanism of Skin Aging (2019)

Cutaneous aging is a complex and continuous biological process characterized by cellular and molecular alterations, with progressive reduction of the body's capacity to maintain the homeostasis, senescence, and/or apoptosis of the dermal cells. Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) have elicited studies to evaluate their role of repair and remodeling of the dermis during the skin anti-aging process, since they are regulatory proteins that mediate important signaling pathways and act on cell regeneration and repair processes. FGF acts primarily through binding to tyrosine kinase receptors through the autophosphorylation of their residues, promoting the phosphorylation of serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues of specific target proteins such as Raf-1, MAPK/Erk kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1, which are part of the cascade of MAP kinases (mitogen-activated protein kinase). Then, FGF initiate signaling cascades inside the cell, where each kinase activates the following by phosphorylation, resulting in alterations of cellular functions. In addition, the FGF has a relevant role in anti-aging therapy because it is related to collagen and elastin synthesis activation responsible for skin resistance and elasticity, characteristics that are diminished with skin aging. Thus, the present article aims to review several scientific studies that demonstrated the cell signaling involved with the action of FGF on skin aging.
Increased intestinal permeability in inflammatory bowel diseases assessed by iohexol test (2011)

To study intestinal permeability (IP) and its relationship to the disease activity in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) -Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).
The Isomeric Desoxybenzanisoins (1932)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Isomeric DesoxybenzanisoinsJohannes S. Buck and Walter S. IdeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1932, 54, 7, 3012–3013Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1932Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1932https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01346a507https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01346a507research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views46Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts