gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic Screen for Monitoring Hepatitis C Virus NS3 Serine Protease Activity (2003)

We have developed a genetic system to monitor the activity of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 serine protease. This genetic system is based on the bacteriophage lambda regulatory circuit where the viral repressor cI is specifically cleaved to initiate the switch from lysogeny to lytic infection. An HCV protease-specific target, NS5A-5B, was inserted into the lambda phage cI repressor. The target specificity of the HCV NS5A-5B repressor was evaluated by coexpression of this repressor with a beta-galactosidase (betagal)-HCV NS3(2-181)/4(21-34) protease construct. Upon infection of Escherichia coli cells containing the two plasmids encoding the cI.HCV5AB-cro and the betagal-HCV NS3(2-181)/4(21-34) protease constructs, lambda phage replicated up to 8,000-fold more efficiently than in cells that did not express the HCV NS3(2-181)/4(21-34) protease. This simple, rapid, and highly specific assay can be used to monitor the activity of the HCV NS3 serine protease, and it has the potential to be used for screening specific inhibitors.
Nondestructive high resolution resistivity topography of Semi-insulating GaAs and InP wafers (1992)

The capacitive charge transient measurement technique generates laterally resolved two-dimensional resistivity topograms of wafers with diameters up to 150 mm. The method is applicable to semi-insulating substrates with resistivities between 10/sup 6/ and 10/sup 9//spl Omega/cm. The range and characteristic lateral patterns of homogeneity variations in substrates of different vendors will be addressed, including LEC GaAs, VB GaAs and LEC InP. The effect of annealing treatments and interrelations between electrical and optical topograms will also be discussed.
Biodegradable poly(vinyl alcohol)‐<i>graft</i>‐ poly(ε‐caprolactone) comb‐like polyester: Microwave synthesis and its characterization (2007)

Abstract Poly(vinyl alcohol)‐initiated microwave‐assisted ring opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone in bulk was investigated, and a series of poly(vinyl alcohol)‐ graft ‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PVA‐ g ‐PCL) copolymers were prepared, with the degree of polymerization (DP) of PCL side chains and the degree of substitution (DS) of PVA by PCL being in the range of 3–24 and 0.35–0.89, respectively. The resultant comb‐like PVA‐ g ‐PCL copolymers were confirmed by means of FTIR, 1 H NMR, and viscometry measurement. The introduction of hydrophilic backbone resulted in the decrease in both melting point and crystallization property of the PVA‐ g ‐PCL copolymers comparing with linear PCL. With higher microwave power, the DP of PCL side chains and DS of PVA backbone were higher, and the polymerization reaction proceeded more rapidly. Both the DP and monomer conversion increased with irradiation time, while the DS increased first and then remained constant. With initiator in low concentration, the DP and DS were higher, while the monomer was converted more slowly. Microwaves dramatically improved the polymerization reaction in comparison of conventional heating method. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104, 3973–3979, 2007
Preparation of Efficient Electroluminescent Diodes from <i>p</i>-on-<i>n</i> Liquid-Phase Epitaxial Layers of GaP (1968)

Efficient red-emitting GaP diodes have been fabricated from p-on-n layers formed by liquid epitaxy in a closed-tube system. The external quantum efficiency may increase by a factor of two to three after the diodes are heat-treated.
Intra‐oral detection of potent odorants using a modiﬁed stir‐bar sorptive extraction system in combination with HRGC–O, known as the buccal odour screening system (BOSS) (2004)

Abstract The topic of this work was to develop a novel approach that can be used to identify potent odorants intraorally and to determine their dwell time within the oral cavity. The technique, called buccal odour screening system (BOSS), is based on a modiﬁed stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) system. It comprises the intra‐oral extraction of odour compounds at deﬁned times after food consumption under optimized in vivo sampling conditions, together with analysis via high resolution gas chromatography–olfactometry (HRGC–O). The obtained analytical data were related to timeresolved retronasal aroma evaluation. This allowed the characterization of prolongued aroma perception elicited after oral aroma application in relation to aroma concentration changes in vivo . For validation of the system, model assays were performed on important aroma compounds in aqueous solutions to ensure sufﬁcient sensitivity of the applied SBSE system under the given extraction conditions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intravenous Therapy: Clinical Principles and Practice (1995)

I. Introduction Ii. Physiologic Considerations Iii. Iv Agents Iv. Iv Equipment V. Nursing Care Vi. Special Considerations Vii. Professional Issues.
Ecologies of Hope: Understanding Educational Success among Black Males in an Urban Midwestern City (2020)

The American Psychological Association’s Task Force on Resilience and Strength in Black Children and Adolescents (2008) called for resilience frameworks particularly designed to understand African American development. Thus, the present study explores the lives of seven academically successful Black males in an urban midwestern city. Using a Critical Race Theory framework, the researchers center the counterstories of men of color who matriculated through college from a "failing" high school in a challenging urban community. Using constant comparative analysis, two critical themes emerged: extended family and extended kinship support networks. A synthesis of these themes resulted in an emergent framework entitled Ecology of Hope, which advances resilience theory (APA, 2008) through centering the strengths vested within African American families, community organizations, and social networks.
Gel electrophoresis measurement of counterion condensation on DNA (1995)

We used agarose gel electrophoresis to measure the effective charge neutralization of DNA by counterions of different structure and valence, including Na+, Mg2+, Co(NH3)3+6, and spermidine3+, which competed for binding with an excess of Tris acetate buffer. Linear DNA molecules ranged in size from 1 to 5 kilobases, and supercoiled plasmid pUC18 was also measured. In all cases, the results were in good agreement with theoretical predictions from counterion condensation theory for two-counterion mixtures.
Noncoherent Block-Coded QAM (2007)

We investigate block-coded QAM constructed by multilevel coding for the noncoherent generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) detector. For the AWGN channel, we derive a new GLRT detector and the corresponding distance. The minimum noncoherent distance of block-coded QAM is derived and two construction of noncoherent block-coded QAM (NBC-QAM) are proposed accordingly. In the NBC-QAM scheme, the error performance can be optimized by adjusting the constellation. The superior error performances of NBC-QAM are verified by simulation results.
In Situ, Rapid, and Temporally Resolved Measurements of Cellulase Adsorption onto Lignocellulosic Substrates by UV−vis Spectrophotometry (2010)

This study demonstrated two in situ UV-vis spectrophotometric methods for rapid and temporally resolved measurements of cellulase adsorption onto cellulosic and lignocellulosic substrates during enzymatic hydrolysis. The cellulase protein absorption peak at 280 nm was used for quantification. The spectral interferences from light scattering by small fibers (fines) and particulates and from absorptions by lignin leached from lignocelluloses were corrected using a dual-wavelength technique. Wavelengths of 500 and 255 nm were used as secondary wavelengths for correcting spectral interferences from light scattering and absorption of leached lignin. Spectral interferences can also be eliminated by taking the second derivative of the measured spectra of enzymatic hydrolysate of cellulose or lignocelluloses. The in situ measured cellulase adsorptions in cellulose and lignocellulose suspensions by these two spectrophotometric methods showed general agreement with batch sampling assayed by the Bradford method. The in situ methods not only eliminated tedious batch sampling but also can resolve the kinetics of the initial adsorption process. The measured time-dependent cellulase adsorptions were found to follow pseudo-second-order kinetics.
<title>Toward optimal rate control: a study of the impact of spatial resolution, frame rate, and quantization on subjective video quality and bit rate</title> (2003)

Multi-dimensional rate control schemes, which jointly adjust two or three coding parameters, have been recently proposed to achieve a target bit rate while maximizing some objective measures of video quality. The objective measures used in these schemes are the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) or the sum of absolute errors (SAE) of the decoded video. These objective measures of quality may differ substantially from subjective quality, especially when changes of spatial resolution and frame rate are involved. The proposed schemes are, therefore, not optimal in terms of human visual perception. We have investigated the impact on subjective video quality of the three coding parameters: spatial resolution, frame rate, and quantization parameter (QP). To this end, we have conducted two experiments using the H.263+ codec and five video sequences. In Experiment 1, we evaluated the impact of jointly adjusting QP and frame rate on subjective quality and bit rate. In Experiment 2, we evaluated the impact of jointly adjusting QP and spatial resolution. From these experiments, we suggest several general rules and guidelines that can be useful in the design of an optimal multi-dimensional rate control scheme. The experiments also show that PSNR and SAE do not adequately reflect perceived video quality when changes in spatial resolution and frame rate are involved, and are therefore not adequate for assessing quality in a multi-dimensional rate control scheme. This paper describes the method and results of the investigation.
Concepts and methods for the optimization of distributed data processing (1990)

A model of distributed data processing is introduced and discussed. For this purpose, a typical application system is analyzed and divided into subapplications. To fulfil the task of the global application, the subapplications must communicate in an appropriate manner by exchanging data. In the proposed model the communication between subapplications is split up into two steps: the offering of information by sending subapplications and its acceptance by receiving subapplications. For both communication steps, synchronous and asynchronous processing modes are defined. Supporting those different communication modes, the cooperation between subapplications can be defined very closely to the specific demands of the application system. This optimizes distributed data processing. The prototype implementation of a distributed data management system, based on the flexible communication mechanism described is demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multi Radio Diversity for Satellite-Terrestrial Mobile Communications (2008)

This paper presents the study of the resource allocation problem in hybrid terrestrial and satellite mobile communication networks. The number of terrestrial and satellite mobile communication standards is increasing, as well as the number of users in the market. Efficient access allocation schemes not only aid network operators with better resource utilizations but also provide the users with better service times, specifically required in emergency/high load situations. The degree of internetworking in access allocation procedures varies from tight to very loose internetworking. In this paper we present a parallel multi radio diversity (MRD) based access allocation scheme in a hybrid terrestrial-satellite network which through diversity gains, results in improved mean service time. The analysis is validated via dynamic system level simulation of a sub-urban area.
Solution Structure of (+)-Discodermolide (2001)

[structure: see text]. The solution structure of (+)-discodermolide (1) has been determined via 1- and 2-D NMR techniques in conjunction with Monte Carlo conformational analysis. Taken together, the results demonstrate that in solution (+)-discodermolide occupies a helical conformation remarkably similar to the solid state conformation.
TEMPERATURE EFFECTS IN REPRODUCTION OF THE BAY SCALLOP, AEQUIPECTEN IRRADIANS LAMARCK (1966)

1. The events in the reproductive period of a population of bay scallops, Aequipecten irradians, have been analyzed from the beginning of gonad growth to the resting or neutral stage. The gonad index of field animals increased rapidly between May and early July, and the population reached a physiological state to commence spawning towards the later part of September. The spawning period covered approximately two months between September and November.2. Gonad growth coincides with increasing temperature and peak phytoplankton production in early summer. The gonad index was maximum when the population was ready to commence spawning. The gonad index and the digestive gland index showed a reciprocal relationship during the reproductive period.3. Scallops collected at intervals during the reproductive period were maintained at various temperatures in the laboratory, without food. The temperature effects on the events in the reproductive period have been studied.4. Maintenance of scallops at various temperatures during the period of gonad growth resulted in a decrease in digestive gland and gonad indices. The oogonia and the oocytes were absorbed. The spermatocytes in the testis failed to mature.5. Scallops with accumulated gonad reserves and developing oocytes in the ovary, when maintained at 20°, 25° and 30° C. rapidly matured and spawned. The scallops maintained at l0° C. and 15° C. failed to mature and spawn.6. When the gonads were neutral, maintenance of animals at any of the experimental temperatures did not permit increase in gonad index or initiation of oogenesis. These animals had a high digestive gland index before they were introduced to the experimental temperatures.7. The scallops with developing oocytes in the ovary, when maintained at 20° 25° and 30° C. in the laboratory, released gametes much earlier than the field population. The time required for release of gametes showed a direct relationship to temperature between 20° C. and 30° C.8. The scallops maintained at various temperatures in the beginning of gonadal growth and gametogenesis survived longer than any other group maintained under similar conditions during the reproductive period. The animals in spawning condition were least tolerant to all the temperatures.
Predicting carcass composition of beef cattle using ultrasound technology. (1999)

We evaluated 20 slaughtered cattle with ultrasound before hide removal to predict fat thickness and ribeye area at the 12th rib for possible use in carcass composition prediction. Carcasses were fabricated into boneless subprimals that were trimmed progressively from 2.54 to 1.27 to .64 cm maximum fat trim levels. Stepwise regression was used to indicate the relative importance of variables in a model designed to estimate the percentage of boneless subprimals from the carcass at different external fat trim levels. Variables included those obtained on the slaughter floor (ultrasound fat thickness and ribeye area; estimated percentage of kidney, pelvic, and heart [KPH] fat; and warm carcass weight) and those obtained from carcasses following 24 h in the chill cooler (actual fat thickness, actual ribeye area, estimated percentage of KPH fat, warm carcass weight, and marbling score). At all different subprimal trim levels, percentage KPH was the first variable to enter the model. In the models using measures taken on the slaughter floor, ultrasound fat thickness was the only other variable to enter the model. Ultrasound fat thickness increased R2 and decreased residual standard deviation (RSD) in models predicting subprimals at 2.54-cm maximum fat trim; however, at 1.27- and .64-cm trim levels, R2 and RSD increased. Models using the same two variables (except actual fat instead of ultrasound) in the cooler were similar to those using data from the slaughter floor. However, as more cooler measurement variables entered the models, R2 increased and RSD decreased, explaining a greater amount of the variation in the equation. Ultrasonic evaluation on the slaughter floor may be of limited application compared with the greater accuracy found in chilled carcass assessment.
Stem cell bioengineering for regenerative medicine (2004)

Stem cells can be used to treat a variety of diseases and several recent studies in animal models demonstrate the potential of bioengineering strategies targeting adult and embryonic stem cells. In order to obtain the desired cells for transplantation, stem cell bioengineering approaches entail the manipulation of environmental signals influencing cell survival, proliferation, self-renewal and differentiation. In that regard, multivariate analytical approaches have been used with success to optimise different stem cell culture processes. The genetic or molecular enhancement of stem cells is also a powerful means to control their proliferation or differentiation or to correct genetic defects in recipients. In the future, systems-level approaches have the potential to revolutionise the field of stem cell bioengineering by improving our understanding of regulatory networks controlling cellular behaviour. This advance in basic biology will be instrumental for the implementation of many stem cell-based regenerative therapies at the clinical level, as treatment accessibility will depend on the development of robust technologies to produce sufficient cell numbers.
Compression Speed Enhancements to LZO for Multi-core Systems (2012)

This paper examines several promising throughput enhancements to the Lempel-Ziv-Oberhumer (LZO) 1x-1-15 data compression algorithm. Of many algorithm variants present in the current library version, 2.06, LZO 1x-1-15 is considered to be the fastest, geared toward speed rather than compression ratio. We present several algorithm modifications tailored to modern multi-core architectures in this paper that are intended to increase compression speed while minimizing any loss in compression ratio. On average, the experimental results show that on a modern quad core system, a 3.9x speedup in compression time is achieved over the baseline algorithm with no loss to compression ratio. Allowing for a 25% loss in compression ratio, up to a 5.4x speedup in compression time was observed.
Molecular analysis of human minisatellites (1990)

Tandem-repetitive hypervariable minisatellites detected in a DNA fingerprint provide highly informative genetic markers. To identify and localize specific loci represented in a DNA fingerprint, it is necessary to clone individual minisatellites. This thesis is concerned with the characterization of single locus minisatellite probes cloned from DNA fingerprints. Seven single locus human minisatellite probes have been cloned by screening ? libraries with DNA fingerprint probes 33.6 and 33.15. Each locus consists of a minisatellite, with repeat units ranging in length from 9 to 47 base pairs depending on the locus. These autosomal loci are amongst the most variable loci characterized to date. The heterozygosity values of D1S7, D1S8, D5S43, D7S21, D7S22 and D12S11 range from 85% to >99%. Clustering of minisatellites was initially detected at the D12S11 locus. This observation led to the subsequent discovery of minisatellites showing close physical linkage as well as a tendency for minisatellites to be localized in proterminal chromosomal regions. An association of a minisatellite with a dispersed repetitive element was identified when studying the organization of cloned D7S22. This phenomenon was later found to be common amongst minisatellites. Pedigree analysis revealed a high level of instability of the locus detected by D1S7. This manifestation of detectable mutant alleles demonstrated the feasibility of direct estimation of mutation rates at minisatellite loci. The hypervariability of loci detected by minisatellites and their sensitivity in blot hybridizations make minisatellites a powerful tool in genetic analysis. These probes have already proved instrumental in many genetic and clinical studies. The high degree of individual specificity and the relatively simple banding pattern generated make these probes invaluable in forensic medicine. D1S7 and D7S21 were used in the first example of DNA-based identification in a rape and murder enquiry. One minisatellite probe was found to detect two loci, DNF21S1 and DNF21S2, on chromosomes 6 and 16 respectively. The 39 base pair repeat unit of this minisatellite is itself repetitive. The heterozygosity values of DNF21S1 and DNF21S2 are 61% and 16% respectively. Genomic mapping and sequence analyses revealed close similarity between these loci. Human population and pedigree studies showed that some individuals carry two alleles at DNF21S2, some carry one allele, some carry a duplicated allele while some are devoid of this locus. A model of duplication of a large proterminal segment of chromosome 6 DNA containing a minisatellite and transposition into an interstitial region of chromosome 16 in some human individuals is suggested. This is, to my knowledge, the first report of a human DNA polymorphism arising via transposition of DNA. The duplication unit on chromosome 16 is large (>15 kb) and has inserted into a member of a target site family present in 5-10 copies per genome. This sequence family represents a novel class of human repetitive DNA.
Solar absorptance and thermal emittance of cermets with large particles (2000)

We evaluate, theoretically, the solar absorptance and thermal emittance of cermets with large particles. In particular, we consider Co and Ni particles with radii from 0.05 to 0.13 µm, embedded in binders of alumina and silica, respectively. For these particle sizes, it is necessary to consider the effect of the multiple scattering of light in the material for the visible and near infrared parts of the spectrum. The response of the particles is calculated using the Lorenz-Mie theory, and the multiple scattering effects are taken into account through a four-flux radiative transfer model. In the medium infrared, the Lorenz-Mie theory cannot be used because of the high absorption of the binder. The reflectance of the cermets in this regime is calculated using the Maxwell-Garnett effective medium approximation. In general, moderate values of the absorptance-to-emittance ratio are found.
Experimental and computational investigation of an ‘open’ transonic cavity flow (2009)

This paper presents an investigation of a transonic flow ( M ∞ =0.85) over a rectangular cavity having a length-to-depth ratio of 5. Velocities were measured inside the cavity on the central plane and two off-centre planes using a two-component particle image velocimetry system. These measurements were supported by surface flow visualization, and mean and time-varying surface pressure measurements. The flow was also simulated using an unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier—Stokes code, with a realizable k — ε turbulence model. It is shown that this CFD model does not capture all the characteristics of the flowfield correctly. However, by using this integrated experimental and computational approach we have been able to identify three-dimensional flowfield structures within the cavity. The influence of the thickness of the approaching boundary layer is discussed.