gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Establishment of HPLC-DAD-MS Fingerprint of Fresh Houttuynia cordata (2005)

A HPLC-DAD-MS fingerprint method of fresh Houttuynia cordata THUNB. was developed basing on the consistent chromatographic features among 11 batches of authentic samples. Major chemical components including phenolic compounds, flavones and alkaloids were simultaneously analyzed. Eleven common peaks in the fingerprint were chosen and identified by comparing their UV and ESI-MS data with the authentic compounds. The unique properties of this HPLC-DAD-MS fingerprint were successfully applied to analyze and differentiate samples from different geographical origins, processing methods and various medicinal parts of H. cordata. The results showed that these variations will give rise to differences in identities and/or abundance of chemical compounds, indicating that a comprehensive quality evaluation of those major ingredients in H. cordata is critical to assess and represent its overall quality.
A novel study of the kinetics of external hierarchical nanostructures in methanol fuel cell (2015)

For the purpose of a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), this research investigates the kinetics of methanol oxidation in a porous layer consisting of external hierarchical nanostructures through 2D COMSOL simulation. Three different lengths of nanowires (L) were considered in simulations. The investigation showed that specific activity was reversely proportional to nanowires length and roughness factor (Rf). However, the current density increased by increasing Rf. Although the current density in case of L = 200 nm and 500 nm was identical with respect to Rf, there was a slight deviation when L = 1000 nm due to the changing from kinetic to diffusion controlled regime, which was identified by investigation of Thiele modulus. The catalytic efficiency for L = 1000 nm dropped to 50% at Rf = 140, whereas the high efficiency with no mass-transport limitation was achieved by shorter nanowires. Therefore, increasing Rf within the simulation range resulted in increasing the total catalytic activity but simultaneously decreasing the specific activity because of the decrease in pore accessibility and catalytic efficiency of nanostructures.
ChemInform Abstract: SYSTEMATIC IRON(II)‐THIOLATE CHEMISTRY: SYNTHETIC ENTRY TO TRINUCLEAR COMPLEXES (1983)

Abstract Aufgrund der Bedeutung von Fe(II)‐Thiolaten und ihren Produkten aus der Reaktion mit Schwefel als synthetische Analoge der Eisenstellen in Proteinen wird auf der Suche nach neuen Spezies eine systematische Reaktion von FeCl 2 (oder (Et 4 N) 2 [Fe‐ Cl4]) mit 1‐4 Äquivalenten Thiolaten durchgeführt.
Process development for the hydrolysis of lactose in whey by immobilized lactase of Aspergillus oryzae (1988)

Immobilized lactose of A. oryzae was used for the hydrolysis of lactose in partially deproteinized whey in a fluidized-bed reactor packed with motionless mixers. The lactase was immobilized on chitosan-coated silica gel particles by means of glutaraldehyde. Both sol. and immobilized lactose followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with product inhibition by galactose. [on SciFinder (R)]
Reproducibility of muscle‐fiber conduction velocity estimates using multichannel surface EMG techniques (2004)

The aim of this study was to assess the reproducibility of muscle-fiber conduction velocity (MFCV) estimates obtained from multichannel surface electromyographic (EMG) recordings. Surface EMG signals were collected with a matrix of 61 electrodes during isometric, submaximal (50% of the maximal voluntary contraction torque) contractions of the biceps brachii muscle. Conduction velocity was estimated using multichannel maximum likelihood techniques. Reproducibility of MFCV estimates was assessed varying the number of signals (two to seven) used for the estimate and the distance between detection points (5-30 mm). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of both initial MFCV values and their rates of change with fatigue increased when increasing number of signals and distance between detection points. ICC of initial MFCV was negative using two signals for MFCV estimate, and it increased to approximately 75% with six to seven signals. Thus, reproducibility of MFCV estimates may be improved significantly using advanced multichannel estimation methods with respect to classic two-channel techniques.
Optimization of ultrafast laser generated low-energy ion beams from silicon targets (2005)

We demonstrate the possibility to manipulate the kinetic properties of ion beams generated by ultrafast laser ablation of silicon. The versatility in regulating the sub-keV ion flux is achieved by implementing adaptive control of the temporal shape of incident laser pulses. Tunable characteristics for the charged beams are obtained using excitation synchronized with the phase-transformation dynamics, exploiting transitions to volatile fluid states with minimal energetic expenses.
Microvascular distribution of coronary vascular resistance in beating left ventricle (1986)

To determine the distribution of resistance in the coronary vasculature, measurements of microvascular pressure and diameter were obtained with vasomotor tone intact and during coronary dilation produced by papaverine. We studied anesthetized, open-chest cats and used jet ventilation synchronized to the cardiac cycle to eliminate respiratory-induced cardiac motion. The system for measuring microvascular pressure compensated for cardiac motion with stroboscopic illumination of the microvessels and a computer-controlled electromechanical micromanipulator that moved a micropipette in synchrony with the heart. Pressures were measured with the servonull technique, and diameters were measured via a video system. Resistance was estimated from the pressure gradient from the aorta to a particular class (size) of coronary microvessel. During control conditions, with coronary vasomotor tone intact, myocardial perfusion was 139 +/- 9 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1 and was increased to 339 +/- 52 during papaverine infusion (P less than 0.05). During control conditions (mean arterial pressure 70-80 mmHg), approximately 25% of total coronary resistance was proximal to 200-microns diameter arterioles and approximately 20% was produced by arterioles between 100 and 200 microns diameter; there was approximately 20-mmHg pressure gradient from the aorta to 200-microns arterioles and a 30- to 35-mmHg gradient from the aorta to 100-microns arterioles. Present results also indicate that 55% of total coronary resistance is distal to the 100-microns arterioles under control conditions. Coronary vasodilation with papaverine (mean arterial pressure maintained at 70-75 mmHg with an aortic snare) produced a redistribution of resistance; only 10% of total resistance was proximal to the 200-microns arterioles, and the pressure gradient from the aorta to these vessels was only 5-10 mmHg. Thus, under these experimental conditions with vasomotor tone intact, a substantial portion (45%) of coronary resistance resides in relatively large (greater than 100-microns) coronary arterioles, and the distribution of resistance and microvascular pressures can be shifted with coronary vasodilation.
Coagulation factor III (tissue factor) interaction with phospholipid vesicles induced by cadmium: characterization of the reconstituted protein-membrane complex (1981)

Coagulation factor III (tissue factor) is a membrane glycoprotein which serves as a cofactor in the proteolytic activation of factor X and factor IX by factor VIIa. Mixing of human placental factor III apoprotein with vesicles of bovine brain phospholipids does not produce significant reconstitution of factor III activity, but, when the mixture of apoprotein and vesicles is made 5 mM with CdCl2, the apoprotein is incorporated into the vesicles. Ultracentrifugation on sucrose density gradients demonstrated that the active factor III-lipid complex formed by reconstitution with vesicles had a density indistinguishable from that of the complex formed by detergent dialysis. Vesicles isolated after centrifugation were shown to range in diameter from 20 nm to over 100 nm using the electron microscope. Gel filtration showed that factor-III activity was associated with all size-classes of vesicles. The presence of factor III activity in the smallest vesicles argues for a specific cadmium-mediated reconstitution of the apoprotein with phospholipid vesicles.
Balance group optimization by scenario-based day-ahead scheduling and demand response (2013)

Balance Groups (BGs) have to provide a day-ahead consumption schedule and buy Balancing Energy (BE) to cover deviations. Demand Response (DR) can be used to reduce BE consumption and associated costs. However, this flexibility to mitigate deviations is limited and depends on the dispatch of the loads participating in DR. In this paper, a scenario-based approach and stochastic programming are used to optimize the dispatch of the BG. We assess the influence on BG cost of different formulations: 1) optimization of BG schedule taking into account the varying prices and uncertainty, 2) optimization of schedule of flexible loads taking into account the possibility to react during the day, 3) combination of 1) and 2). These formulations are compared to a benchmark representing current practice. We find a clear improvement compared to the benchmark, but the relative difference between 1) to 3) to be rather small.
Noncontact Probes for Wire FaultLocation With Reflectometry (2006)

This paper describes an approach to locate wire faults using reflectometry without physical contact with the wire conductor. This noncontact method is capable of locating faults on both dead and live powered wires with today's reflectometry technologies, and it does not require any modification or disconnection of the existing wiring system. With proper configuration, this method can detect wire faults with an accuracy of 3 in, which is comparable to direct connection systems
A comparative study of advanced oxidative processes: Degradation of chlorinated organic compounds in ultrafiltration fractions of kraft pulp bleaching effluent (2016)

Oxidative pre-treatment methods such as the Fenton oxidation, ozonation, and photocatalytic treatment have been compared in reducing adsorbable organic halogens (AOX) and chlorophenolic compounds in untreated kraft pulp bleaching effluent. Their efficiency was also studied on effluent ultrafiltration fractions. The Fenton treatment removed all analyzed chlorophenolic compounds from the effluent. Ozonation and photocatalysis appeared to be much less effective methods. The efficiency of the Fenton oxidation appeared to be more pronounced in higher molecular weight effluent fractions. This suggests a novel design, where the filtration stage can be placed after the oxidation, and the high--molecular weight fraction is returned to the Fenton treatment.
Development of a Solid-Phase Radioimmunoassay for the Determination of Arginine-Vasopressin in Urine (1985)

A new solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) has been developed for measuring arginine-vasopressin (AVP) in urine. AVP is first extracted from urine by adsorption on Vycor glass powder and eluted with acetone-water (60:40). The mean recovery is 75.3 +/- 2.2% (n = 18). The organic extract is evaporated to dryness and reconstituted in the assay buffer. Aliquots of this extract are then incubated with 125I-AVP in polystyrene LKB tubes previously coated with the antiserum (1:50000) for 48 hours. The free radioactive fraction is removed by aspiration and the tubes are counted. Values correlate well with those obtained by liquid-phase RIA using dextran-charcoal. Urinary AVP concentrations in normal Sprague-Dawley rats and rats with varying degrees of hydration have been measured.
Velocity potentials and fuzzy modeling of fluid streamlines for obstacle avoidance of mobile robots (2015)

The use of the velocity potential of an incompressible fluid is an important and elegant tool for obstacle avoidance of mobile robots. Obstacles are modeled as cylindrical objects - combinations of cylinders can also form super obstacles. Possible trajectories of a vehicle are given by a set of streamlines around the obstacle computed by the velocity potential. Because of the number of streamlines and of data points involved therein, models of sets of streamlines for different sizes of obstacles are created first using dataset models and finally fuzzy models of streamlines. Once an obstacle appears in the sensor cone of the robot the set of streamlines is computed from which that streamline is selected that guarantees a smooth transition from/to the planned trajectory. Collisions with other robots are avoided by a combination of velocity potential and force potential and/or the change of streamlines during operation (lane hopping).
Trellis Shaping for Reduction of the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio in Coherent Optical OFDM Systems (2009)

We propose a frequency-domain method with good structural properties for reduction of the PAPR in coherent optical OFDM systems. Numerical results indicate that the nonlinear threshold can be increased considerably at modest redundancy.
Liquid Crystal Chemical Sensors That Cells Can Wear (2013)

Tröpfchen-basierte Flüssigkristall(LC)-Sensoren können auf lebenden Zellen immobilisiert werden. Die modifizierten Zellen zeigen in Echtzeit die Gegenwart von Toxinen im umgebenden Medium an. Dieser Ansatz liefert neue Designprinzipien für Tröpfchen-basierte LC-Sensoren und Methoden für den lokalen Nachweis chemischer Agentien, der in zellulärer Umgebung mithilfe freier LC-Tröpfchen nur schwer möglich ist.
Theoretical Study of One-Electron Oxidized Mn(III)– and Ni(II)–Salen Complexes: Localized vs Delocalized Ground and Excited States in Solution (2014)

One-electron oxidized Mn(III)- and Ni(II)-salen complexes exhibit unique mixed-valence electronic structures and charge transfer (CT) absorption spectra. We theoretically investigated them to elucidate the reason why the Mn(III)-salen complex takes a localized electronic structure (class II mixed valence compound by Robin-Day classification) and the Ni(II)-analogue has a delocalized one (class III) in solution, where solvation effect was taken into consideration either by the three-dimensional reference interaction site model self-consistent field (3D-RISM-SCF) method or by the mean-field (MF) QM/MM-MD simulation. The geometries of these complexes were optimized by the 3D-RISM-SCF-U-DFT/M06. The vertical excitation energy and the oscillator strength of the first excited state were evaluated by the general multiconfiguration reference quasi-degenerate perturbation theory (GMC-QDPT), including the solvation effect based on either 3D-RISM-SCF- or MF-QM/MM-MD-optimized solvent distribution. The computational results well agree with the experimentally observed absorption spectra and the experimentally proposed electronic structures. The one-electron oxidized Mn(III)-salen complex with a symmetrical salen ligand belongs to the class II, as experimentally reported, in which the excitation from the phenolate anion to the phenoxyl radical moiety occurs. In contrast, the one-electron oxidized Ni(II)-salen complex belongs to the class III, in which the excitation occurs from the doubly occupied delocalized π1 orbital of the salen radical to the singly occupied delocalized π2 orbital; the π1 is a bonding combination of the HOMOs of two phenolate moieties and the π2 is an antibonding combination. Solvation effect is indispensable for correctly describing the mixed-valence character, the geometrical distortion, and the intervalence CT absorption spectra of these complexes. The number of d electrons and the d orbital energy level play crucial roles to provide the localization/delocalization character of these complexes.
Call Forwarding Agent (1998)

In today’s world of telecommunications there is an increasing problem with reaching people one wishes to speak to. People have several telephones and this makes the situation complex for the caller. Many phone calls are left unanswered. The Call Forwarding Agent is in this report presented as a solution to this reachability problem. The idea is to have an agent setting call forwards of all the users’ phones or numbers, towards the terminal where he is available. Later, when someone calls any of the users’ phones, the call will be terminated at the terminal where the user can receive it. The Call Forwarding Agent is compared to a number of similar services. The personal number service offers the same functionality as the Call Forwarding Agent, but the Call Forwarding Agent does not force the subscriber to change phone number and it also admits a simple call screening. We have implemented a prototype of the Call Forwarding Agent that can set call forwards of regular Public Service Telephony Network terminals and the Internet telephones in Ellemtel’s IP-phone system.
Synthesis of esters of coenzyme PQQ and IPQ, and stimulation of nerve growth factor production. (1997)

Esters of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a cofactor of microbial quinoprotein enzyme, and imidazopyrroloquinoline (IPQ, from PQQ and glycine) were synthesized, and their chemical stability, toxicity to L-M cells and nerve growth factor (NGF) inducing activity in L-M cells were studied. PQQ esters were found to be potent enhancers of NGF production, but IPQ esters had only marginal effects on NGF production. The monoester of PQQ with a methoxycarbonyl group at C-2 of PQQ is a most effective compound because of its NGF inducing activity, limited toxicity, safety and chemical stability. These results suggest that PQQ-2-esters could be developed as a curative or preventive drug for retrograde neural diseases in the central and perpheral nervous system.
Tuning the 3-μm Ho:YAIO3 Laser (1991)

A study of the tuning characteristics of the 5I6 to 5I7 transition in a Ho:YAlO3 laser, intracavity pumped by a 1.08 μm Nd:YAlO3 laser, reveals operation on seven distinct lines between 2.844 and 3.017 μm. Several of these lines are previously unreported.
Oxidative Stress Induced Mitochondrial Protein Kinase A Mediates Cytochrome C Oxidase Dysfunction (2013)

Previously we showed that Protein kinase A (PKA) activated in hypoxia and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion mediates phosphorylation of subunits I, IVi1 and Vb of cytochrome c oxidase. However, the mechanism of activation of the kinase under hypoxia remains unclear. It is also unclear if hypoxic stress activated PKA is different from the cAMP dependent mitochondrial PKA activity reported under normal physiological conditions. In this study using RAW 264.7 macrophages and in vitro perfused mouse heart system we investigated the nature of PKA activated under hypoxia. Limited protease treatment and digitonin fractionation of intact mitochondria suggests that higher mitochondrial PKA activity under hypoxia is mainly due to increased sequestration of PKA Catalytic α (PKAα) subunit in the mitochondrial matrix compartment. The increase in PKA activity is independent of mitochondrial cAMP and is not inhibited by adenylate cyclase inhibitor, KH7. Instead, activation of hypoxia-induced PKA is dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS). H89, an inhibitor of PKA activity and the antioxidant Mito-CP prevented loss of CcO activity in macrophages under hypoxia and in mouse heart under ischemia/reperfusion injury. Substitution of wild type subunit Vb of CcO with phosphorylation resistant S40A mutant subunit attenuated the loss of CcO activity and reduced ROS production. These results provide a compelling evidence for hypoxia induced phosphorylation as a signal for CcO dysfunction. The results also describe a novel mechanism of mitochondrial PKA activation which is independent of mitochondrial cAMP, but responsive to ROS.
Impact of add-back FSH on human and mouse prostate following gonadotropin ablation by GnRH antagonist treatment (2022)

These data provide novel evidence for the direct effects of FSH on prostate size and gene expression in chemically castrated mice. However, in chemically castrated men, FSH had no effect on PSA production. Whether FSH effects on the prostate in humans also require suppression of the residual adrenal-derived androgens and/or a longer period of rFSH stimulation, remains to be explored.
Toll‐like receptor‐mediated immune responses are attenuated in the presence of high levels of hepatitis <scp>B</scp> virus surface antigen (2014)

It has been recently shown that Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling in murine nonparenchymal liver cells (NPCs) is suppressed in the presence of Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg). It is not clear, however, whether this is also relevant for the adaptive immune responses and how this effect is mediated. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from Hepatitis B virus (HBV) patients and controls were stimulated by TLR ligands in the absence or presence of autologous serum. Interestingly, TLR-mediated cytokine expression (Interleukin-6 and -10) as well as TLR3-induced interferon (IFN) expression in PBMCs of HBV patients was significantly higher than in the healthy volunteers, showing a negative correlation with the levels of HBsAg. In addition, TLR3-mediated IFN-γ production was inhibited in the presence of HBV-containing serum. To mechanistically analyse this observation, murine Kupffer cells (KCs) and sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) were stimulated with TLR3 ligands in the presence or absence of HBsAg. Mixed lymphocyte reactions were performed to study T-cell activation induced by TLR-stimulated NPCs. Gene expression of cytokines and TLR3 was analysed by quantitative rt-PCR, and activation of transcription factors was assessed by Western blot or reporter gene assays. TLR-induced expression of interferon γ, interferon sensitive genes and proinflammatory cytokines in murine KCs and LSECs was efficiently suppressed in the presence of HBsAg, whereas the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines was enhanced. Activation of NFκB, IRF-3 and MAPKs in these liver cells was potently suppressed by HBsAg. T-cell activation mediated through TLR3-stimulated KCs or LSECs was suppressed by HBsAg which could be reverted by anti-IL-10 antibodies. These findings may, at least in part, explain how HBV evades innate and adaptive immune responses to maintain a persistent infection.
Insulinotropic action of AICA riboside. II. Secretory, metabolic and cationic aspects. (1994)

Preincubation of rat pancreatic islets with AICA riboside (0.1 to 1.0mM) caused a concentration-related stimulation of both 45Ca net uptake and insulin release evoked by 8.3 mM D-glucose, but failed to affect the conversion of D-[5-3H]glucose to 3HOH, the generation of 14CO2 and 14C-labelled amino acids or acidic metabolites from D-[U-14C]glucose, and the islet content in ATP, ADP or AMP. The secretory response to AICA riboside was not suppressed in islets preincubated with methotrexate. AICA riboside caused a progressive decrease in 86Rb outflow from prelabelled islets perifused at 2.8 or 6.0mM D-glucose. This effect faded out at a higher concentration of D-glucose (16.7 mM), in which case AICA riboside nevertheless provoked a delayed, progressive and not rapidly reversible enhancement of insulin output. At concentrations up to 0.4 mM, ZTP only exerted a modest effect on the activity of KATP-channels in inside-out patches of dispersed mouse islet cells. These findings raise the question whether the insulinotropic action of AICA riboside may be attributable to the sequential generation of ZMP, ZDP and ZTP from the nucleoside.
Nano-calibration for stylus-based surface measurement (1988)

The measurement of very small surface features is commonly and most conveniently undertaken by using stylus instruments. The authors bring together various strands of work relevant to their continued use and development. The limits of their performance are investigated and methods are described for calibrating them. The trend in 'nanotechnology' towards the direct exploitation of material properties at the atomic level is illustrated. It is demonstrated that controlled calibration of surface height into the sub-nanometre region can be achieved and that new techniques are rapidly improving the ability to measure surface angle.