gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological insights from P-glycoprotein knockout mice. (1998)

The mdr1-type P-glycoproteins can confer multidrug resistance to tumor cells by actively pumping a wide variety of drugs from the cell. To counteract this drug resistance, P-glycocoprotein-blocking agents are currently administered to patients during chemotherapy. However, this may also affect the normal physiological function(s) of the mdr1-type P-glycocoproteins. In order to establish these functions, we have generated mice with a genetic deficiency in both of their mdr1-type P-glycocoprotein genes. Our results indicate the mdr1-type P-glycocoproteins are not essential for basic physiological functions. However, mice without mdr1-type P-glycocoproteins display drastic alterations in the pharmacological handling of drugs, demonstrating an important role for mdr1-type P-glycocoprotein in the blood-brain barrier, where it prevents the accumulation of many drugs in the brain. Moreover, we found that intestinal P-glycocoprotein has a prominent role in the extrusion of several drugs from the blood into the intestinal lumen, and in preventing drugs in the intestinal lumen from (re-)entering the bloodstream. The latter property can have important implications for the oral bioavailability of many drugs. Our results indicate that effective P-glycocoprotein-blocking agents should be used with caution, given the potentially extensive pharmacokinetic effects of treatment with these compounds.
California DREAMing: the design of residential demand responsive technology with people in mind (2009)

This study developed several technologies to enable demand response for residential electricity customers in order to reduce peak consumption. First, along with a team of students and professors, I designed and tested the Demand Response Electrical Appliance Manager (DREAM). This wireless network of sensors, actuators, and controller with a user interface intelligently controls a residential heating and cooling system and informs people of their energy usage. Secondly, I evaluated machine-learning to predict a person’s seasonal temperature preferences by analyzing existing data from office workers. The third part of the research developed an algorithm that generated temperature setpoints based on outdoor temperature and compared simulated energy use with these versus the default setpoints of a programmable thermostat. Finally, I developed and tested a user interface for a thermostat and in-home energy display. This part of the study tested the effects of both energy versus price information and the context of sponsorship on the behavior of subjects, and also surveyed subjects on the usefulness of various displays.The wireless network succeeded in providing detailed data to enable an intelligent controller and provide feedback to the users. The learning algorithm showed mixed results. The adaptive temperature setpoints saved energy in both annual and summertime simulations. The context in which I introduced the DREAM interface affected behavior, but the type of information displayed did not. The subjects responded that appliance-level feedback and tools that provided choices would be useful in a dynamic tariff environment.
Low-loss propagation and polarization rotation in twisted infrared metal waveguides (1979)

Low-loss propagation of 10.6-μm light has been demonstrated in hollow metal waveguides of rectangular cross section that undergo axial twists. These twisted waveguides can serve as efficient infrared polarization rotators, where greater than 90% transmission has been achieved at 10.6 μm for a 90° rotation. In addition, transmission of more than 200 W cw through flexible waveguides is reported here, confirming that these waveguides are potentially useful for steering high-power infrared light beams.
Structure of strontium barium niobate Sr<sub> <i>x</i> </sub>Ba<sub>1 − <i>x</i> </sub>Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub> (SBN) in the composition range 0.32 ≤ <i>x</i> ≤ 0.82 (2006)

The structure of strontium barium niobate crystals SrxBa1-xNb2O6 is comprehensively studied in the whole range of the tetragonal tungsten bronze phase (x=0.32-0.82) using both powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements. Unit-cell parameters, density, site-occupancy factors and interionic distances show an explicit composition dependence which can be consistently explained using simple model calculations. The temperature dependence of the unit-cell parameters exhibits a remarkable anisotropy in a broad temperature region below the phase transition temperature. This proves that the electrostrictive contribution to the thermal expansion plays an important role in strontium barium niobate.
Функционально-ролевая модель управления доступом в социотехнических системах (2009)

The paper gives the functional-role based access control model that realizes permission dynamic management. Task is core in this model, task associates role and per mission. This paper also gives the formal description of this model, and gives application example.
Biological Roles for Cerato-Ulmin, a Hydrophobin Secreted by the Elm Pathogens, Ophiostoma ulmi and O. novo-ulmi (2000)

The causal agents of Dutch elm disease, species of Ophiostoma, are among the most destructive plant pathogens studied in the 20th century. Extensive research programs have provided insights into the biology of these interesting fungi. Approximately 25 years ago, cerato-ulmin, a secreted protein, was isolated and partially characterized. Cerato-ulmin production was directly correlated to aggressive forms of Ophiostoma. The hydrophobic protein possessed characteristics that would suggest that it was a wilt toxin. Injection of, or exposure of elm cuttings to purified CU, resulted in wilting and other symptoms associated with inoculation of the pathogen into trees. In this review, we present an analysis of the physiological and biochemical studies on cerato-ulmin, and discuss the more recent molecular genetic studies related to the protein and its role in Dutch elm disease. The complete sequence (100 amino acids) of this protein was ascertained. This led to the identification of cerato-ulmin as a hydrophobin and to the characterization of the gene for cerato-ulmin. Null mutants (cu−) of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi were generated through gene disruption and utilized in greenhouse trials. Results from these trials demonstrated that cerato-ulmin was not directly involved in the virulence of the pathogen. All of the epidemiological data, however, indicated a correlation between cerato-ulmin and the pathology of Dutch elm disease. Working with wild isolates of aggressive and nonaggressive strains, as well as the cu- mutant, and a transgenic over expression mutant, experimental results provided a correlation between cerato-ulmin production and fitness of the pathogen in natural populations. We suggest that the critical evaluation and consideration of these recent data offer opportunities in developing biological control strategies for Dutch elm disease.
用实地和实验室小空间释放法（FLEC）测甲醛释放量——复得率及与大气候箱法的相关性 (2003)

木质建筑材料的甲醛释放量通常用设定温度、湿度及换气率的大气候箱法测定.本文描述了一种较为简单的用实地和实验室小空间释放法(FLEC)测定甲醛释放量的方法,并与传统的气候箱法进行比较.FLEC法出来的甲醛用涂布有2,4-二硝基苯肼(DNPH)的硅胶筒式捕集管收集,而后用HPLC(液相色谱)分析.FLEC更易于操作,试样更小,分析更少而且比气候箱法灵活.可用于测定同一个试样的不同部位.另一优点是此设备可同时测试有机挥发物(VOC).FLEC法和气候箱法有良好的相关性.复得率也很高,对0.06～0.7mg/m2h范围内的甲醛释放源,两个不同FLEC室的复得率平均值达到98%.
20‐1: <i>Invited Paper</i>: Solution Processable Luminescent Nanomaterials for Display, Lighting and Beyond (2017)

Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) and organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) represent two key solution processable luminescent nanomaterials. We will report a recent discovery that led to green OIHP ‐ polymer composite films with high photoluminescence efficiency, color purity and unprecedented water and heat stability for LCD backlight and some current developments of ultrabright red QLEDs for lighting, sensing and photomedical applications.
Effects of molding temperature and pressure on properties of soy protein polymers (1999)

Because of the worldwide environmental pollution problem with petroleum polymers, soy protein polymers have been considered as alternatives for biodegradable plastics. The objective of this research was to study the curing behavior of soy protein isolates (SPIs) for that application. The molding variables of temperature, pressure, and time and curing quality factors of tensile strength, strain, and water resistance were evaluated. The maximum stress of 42.9 MPa and maximum strain of 4.61% of the specimen were obtained when SPI was molded at 150°C and 20 MPa for 5 min. The water absorption of the specimen decreased as molding temperature and time increased. Glycerol greatly improved the flexibility of the specimen but decreased its strength. For SPI with 25% glycerol added, the maximum stress and strain of about 12 MPa and 140%, respectively, were achieved when the specimen was molded at 140°C for 5 min. Molding temperature, pressure, and time are major parameters influencing the curing quality of soy protein polymers. At fixed pressure, the molding temperature and time had significant interactive effects on curing quality. At high temperature (e.g., at 150°C) it took about 3 min to reach optimum curing quality; however, at low temperature (120°C) it took about 10 min to reach optimum curing quality. The maximum strength and strain of the cured protein polymer occurred at the molding temperature close to its phase transition temperature or about 40°C below its exothermic temperature. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 73: 2595–2602, 1999
Infectious laryngotracheitis: Etiology, epidemiology, pathobiology, and advances in diagnosis and control – a comprehensive review (2020)

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a highly contagious upper respiratory tract disease of chicken caused by a Gallid herpesvirus 1 (GaHV-1) belonging to the genus <i>Iltovirus,</i> and subfamily <i>Alphaherpesvirinae</i> within <i>Herpesviridae</i> family. The disease is characterized by conjunctivitis, sinusitis, oculo-nasal discharge, respiratory distress, bloody mucus, swollen orbital sinuses, high morbidity, considerable mortality and decreased egg production. It is well established in highly dense poultry producing areas of the world due to characteristic latency and carrier status of the virus. Co-infections with other respiratory pathogens and environmental factors adversely affect the respiratory system and prolong the course of the disease. Latently infected chickens are the primary source of ILT virus (ILTV) outbreaks irrespective of vaccination. Apart from conventional diagnostic methods including isolation and identification of ILTV, serological detection, advanced biotechnological tools such as PCR, quantitative real-time PCR, next generation sequencing, and others are being used in accurate diagnosis and epidemiological studies of ILTV. Vaccination is followed with the use of conventional vaccines including modified live attenuated ILTV vaccines, and advanced recombinant vector vaccines expressing different ILTV glycoproteins, but still these candidates frequently fail to reduce challenge virus shedding. Some herbal components have proved to be beneficial in reducing the severity of the clinical disease. The present review discusses ILT with respect to its current status, virus characteristics, epidemiology, transmission, pathobiology, and advances in diagnosis, vaccination and control strategies to counter this important disease of poultry.
Composite of Carboxyl‐Modified Multi‐walled Carbon Nanotubes and TiO<sub>2</sub>Nanoparticles: Preparation and Photocatalytic Activity (2007)

Abstract The composite of carboxyl‐modified multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT‐COOHs) and TiO2 nanoparticles was prepared by improved solvothermal process. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and UV‐Vis spectra were used to characterize the products. The results show that MWNT‐COOHs were “welded” by the TiO2 nanoparticles attached to the open ends of MWNT‐COOHs. Compared with pure TiO2 nanoparticles, the composite displays higher photocatalytic activity with 99.9% of degradation ratio of copper sulfophthalocyanine after 3 h irradiation.
Oral anticoagulation during atrial fibrillation ablation: Facts and controversies (2012)

Vzhledem ke stĂĄrnutĂ­ populace dosĂĄhla ve vyspÄlĂ˝ch zemĂ­ch svÄta incidence fibrilace sĂ­nĂ­ (FS) rozmÄrĹŻ epidemie. Toto onemocnÄnĂ­ je spojeno s vĂ˝znamnou kardiovaskulĂĄrnĂ­ morbiditou a mortalitou, hlavnÄ v dĹŻsledku nĂĄslednĂ˝ch tromboembolickĂ˝ch komplikacĂ­ a komplikacĂ­ v souvislosti se srdeÄnĂ­m selhĂĄnĂ­m. Vhodnou alternativou podĂĄvĂĄnĂ­ antiarytmik pro udrĹženĂ­ sinusovĂŠho rytmu alespoĹ pĹi paroxysmĂĄlnĂ­ FS v pĹĂ­padech bez dilatace LS nebo pouze s mĂ­rnou dilatacĂ­ se stala katetrizaÄnĂ­ ablace v levĂŠ sĂ­ni (LS). ChronickĂĄ perorĂĄlnĂ­ antikoagulace (PAK) pomĂĄhĂĄ u vysoce rizikovĂ˝ch pacientĹŻ zabrĂĄnit tromboembolickĂ˝m komplikacĂ­m FS. U pacientĹŻ indikovanĂ˝ch i neindikovanĂ˝ch k dlouhodobĂŠ lĂŠÄbÄ pomocĂ­ PAK tato lĂŠÄba rovnÄĹž poskytuje ochranu v obdobĂ­ kolem ablaÄnĂ­ch vĂ˝konĹŻ, coĹž mĂ­rnÄ zvyĹĄuje periprocedurĂĄlnĂ­ riziko rozvoje cĂŠvnĂ­ mozkovĂŠ pĹĂ­hody. Vzhledem k potenciĂĄlnÄ katastrofĂĄlnĂ­m krvĂĄcivĂ˝m komplikacĂ­m bÄhem transseptĂĄlnĂ­ ablace v levĂŠ sĂ­ni se pĹi tradiÄnĂ­m zpĹŻsobu provĂĄdÄnĂ­ ablacĂ­ v levĂŠ sĂ­ni pĹeruĹĄovala lĂŠÄba warfarinem a periprocedurĂĄlnĂ­ obdobĂ­ se pĹeklenovalo podĂĄvĂĄnĂ­m heparinu. Ădaje z observaÄnĂ­ch studiĂ­ z poslednĂ­ doby naznaÄujĂ­, Ĺže periprocedurĂĄlnĂ­ riziko komplikacĂ­, hlavnÄ tromboembolickĂ˝ch pĹĂ­hod (pĹĂ­padnÄ vÄetnÄ nÄmĂ˝ch cĂŠvnĂ­ch mozkovĂ˝ch pĹĂ­hod) by mohla snĂ­Ĺžit radiofrekvenÄnĂ­ (RF) katetrizaÄnĂ­ ablace FS pĹi souÄasnĂŠm pouĹžitĂ­ PAK (hlavnÄ antagonistĹŻ vitaminu K [VKA]). NedĂĄvno publikovanĂ˝ konsensuĂĄlnĂ­ dokument a aktualizovanĂŠ doporuÄenĂŠ postupy pro ablaci FS uznĂĄvajĂ­ nepĹeruĹĄovanou PAK jako alternativu k podĂĄvĂĄnĂ­ heparinu pro pĹeklenutĂ­ vĂ˝ĹĄe uvedenĂŠho obdobĂ­. V souÄasnosti je doporuÄenĂĄ hodnota PAK bÄhem ablace nĂ­zkĂĄ (jako napĹ. INR 2-2,5). PĹi lĂŠÄbÄ bÄĹžnĂ˝ch pĹĂ­padĹŻ FS se ukĂĄzalo, Ĺže novĂŠ formy PAK (NPAK) nejsou o nic mĂŠnÄ ĂşÄinnĂŠ neĹž VKA, pĹitom jsou bezpeÄnÄjĹĄĂ­. Rychle ĂşÄinkujĂ­cĂ­ NPAK pĹedstavujĂ­ lĂĄkavou alternativu VKA, pĹinejmenĹĄĂ­m u pacientĹŻ s vysazenĂ­m PAK pĹed ablacĂ­; pravdÄpodobnÄ by se tak odstranila nutnost podĂĄvĂĄnĂ­ heparinu po vĂ˝konu. Podle zatĂ­m omezenĂŠho mnoĹžstvĂ­ zkuĹĄenostĂ­ s periprocedurĂĄlnĂ­m pouĹžitĂ­m NPAK (hlavnÄ dabigatranu) se vĹĄak lze domnĂ­vat, Ĺže se tak oproti VKA zvyĹĄuje riziko krvĂĄcivĂ˝ch nebo tromboembolickĂ˝ch komplikacĂ­.
Packages go vertical (2001)

Stacking different chips in a package tucks a complete system into implantable devices like hearing aids. In this paper, the author describes how cell phones and wearable computers could be next.
Spore-coat laccase CotA from<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>: crystallization and preliminary X-ray characterization by the MAD method (2002)

Bacterial endospores are highly resistant structures that allow survival for long periods of time in adverse environments. The spore-forming Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis synthesizes a coat around the endospore during development composed of several assembled polypeptides. The role of these components of the spore coat remains unclear; however, some of them appear to be enzymes possibly involved in the assembly process or in the final properties of the spore. The outer spore-coat protein CotA is a 65 kDa polypeptide showing a high degree of sequence similarity with copper-dependent oxidases, including fungal and plant laccases, ascorbate oxidase and CueO from Esherichia coli. CotA has been recently characterized as a copper-dependent laccase. Unlike previously reported laccases, CotA shows increased thermostability. Here, the crystallization of a recombinant CotA protein produced in E. coli and the preliminary characterization of the crystals is reported. Structure solution by the MAD method at the copper K edge is also reported.
[Epidemiology and sensitivity to antibiotics in paediatric respiratory infections over a 4-year period. Retrospective study of 460 H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis strains] (2000)

H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis are the most common bacterial pathogens causing respiratory infections in children. Resistance to antibiotics may vary according to the geographical area. It is therefore important that the resistance pattern of such pathogens is determined by surveillance studies carried out both on a national scale and by individual laboratories. In this study, we determined retrospectively the prevalence of H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis in upper respiratory tract infections involving subjects of paediatric age, with reference to the type of clinical sample (pharingeal swab and nasal swab), symptomatology and age group. Moreover, for the above micro-organisms the pattern of sensitivity to antibiotics was assessed. In the observation period (January 1996-December 1999), at the day hospital of the Paediatric Pneumology Division of the Gaslini Institute in Genova, in 476 patients between 0 and 15 years of age a total of 460 respiratory pathogens were isolated: 164 S. pneumoniae strains, 163 of H. influenzae (96 belonging to type B and 67 non-attributable to any type) and 133 of M. catarrhalis. As regards sensitivity to antibiotics, ceftriaxone and amoxycillin/clavulanic acid proved to be the most active molecules in all the studied strains.
Adducts of Glyoxal and Amides as Finishing Agents for Cotton1 (1981)

Adducts of glyoxal with urea, 1,3-dimethylurea, and methyl carbamate can be used as formaldehyde-free finishing agents for wrinkle-resistant, shrinkage-resistant, or durable-press cotton. These adducts are less effective than the usual methylolamide nnisbing agents and often cause discoloration. However, only small amounts of formaldehyde need be added with the glyoxal to increase the effectiveness and reduce the discoloration noticeably. The agents are more likely to be of value on cotton- polyester blends where less crosslinking is required.
Leblebi: a Roasted Chickpea Product as a Traditional Turkish Snack Food (2004)

Abstract Grain legumes occupy an important place in the world food supply. Legumes go through several primary processes (e.g., dehulling, boiling, roasting, splitting, and grinding, etc.) before they are used in different food preparations. Roasting or puffing of legumes by subjecting them to high temperatures for a short time has been practiced in Asia, the Middle East, and South America for many years. The roasted chickpea product, called leblebi, a word that originated from Persian is widely consumed as a traditional snack food in Turkey, the Mediterranean region, and the Middle East. Although, leblebi originated in Turkey, exact details of leblebi are not well known. There are two different kinds of leblebi, dehulled leblebi (Sari Leblebi and Girit Leblebi) and nondehulled leblebi (Beyaz Leblebi and Sakız Leblebi) produced in Turkey. The processing stages for all different kinds of leblebi include cleaning and grading, soaking, tempering (preheating and resting), boiling, resting, roasting, and dehulling. At the end of the production process, the chickpeas swell, soften, and after roasting, become crisp. Leblebi is a healthy snack food due to its nutritional content. Furthermore, leblebi has a long shelf life due to its low moisture content. Although, leblebi consumption goes back to ancient history, very little research on its production has been carried out.
One SPE (January 2003) (2003)

President's column - No abstract available.
Krippendorff, Klaus, Content Analysis: An Introduction to its Methodology . Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1980. (1980)

Presents a detailed description of content analysis methodology.
HSpeedEx: a high-speed extractor for substrate noise analysis in complex mixed-signal SOC (2002)

The unprecedented impact of noise coupling on mixed-signal systems-on-a-chip (MS-SOC) functionality, brings a new set of challenges for electronic design automation (EDA) tool developers. In this paper, we propose a new approach which combines a thorough physical comprehension of the noise coupling effects with an improved boundary-element-method (BEM) to accelerate the substrate model extraction and to avoid the dense matrix storage. The low computational efforts required, as well as speed and accuracy reached, makes this method a highly promising alternative to verify complex MS-SOCs.
Modeling and predicting personal information dissemination behavior (2005)

In this paper, we propose a new way to automatically model and predict human behavior of receiving and disseminating information by analyzing the contact and content of personal communications. A personal profile, called CommunityNet, is established for each individual based on a novel algorithm incorporating contact, content, and time information simultaneously. It can be used for personal social capital management. Clusters of CommunityNets provide a view of informal networks for organization management. Our new algorithm is developed based on the combination of dynamic algorithms in the social network field and the semantic content classification methods in the natural language processing and machine learning literatures. We tested CommunityNets on the Enron Email corpus and report experimental results including filtering, prediction, and recommendation capabilities. We show that the personal behavior and intention are somewhat predictable based on these models. For instance, "to whom a person is going to send a specific email" can be predicted by one's personal social network and content analysis. Experimental results show the prediction accuracy of the proposed adaptive algorithm is 58% better than the social network-based predictions, and is 75% better than an aggregated model based on Latent Dirichlet Allocation with social network enhancement. Two online demo systems we developed that allow interactive exploration of CommunityNet are also discussed.
Cyclophosphamide resistance in medulloblastoma. (1992)

Mechanisms of tumor resistance to 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC) were studied by using a panel of human medulloblastoma cell lines either passaged in the laboratory for resistance to 4-HC or established from tumors showing clinical resistance to cyclophosphamide. Multiple distinct mechanisms of resistance were demonstrated. Daoy (4-HCR), a line that was 6-fold more resistant than Daoy, contained elevated levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Most of the difference in sensitivity between the Daoy (4-HCR) and Daoy cell lines was abolished when 4-HC was replaced with phenylketocyclophosphamide, a 4-HC analogue that cannot be detoxified by ALDH. Thus, elevated levels of ALDH appear to play a role in the resistance of Daoy (4-HCR). Several of the cell lines [D283 Med (4-HCR), D341 Med (4-HCR), Daoy (4-HCR), D458 Med] contained elevated levels of glutathione (GSH). No changes in glutathione-S-transferase activity or isozyme pattern were observed, but in two of these three lines, the elevation in GSH was accompanied by elevated levels of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. To confirm the role of elevated GSH content in 4-HC resistance, the sensitivity of the cell lines to 4-HC was repeated after depletion of GSH by treatment with L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine. In medulloblastoma cell lines without other mechanisms of resistance, a linear relationship was seen between GSH content and resistance to 4-HC. Moreover, cells with GSH content greater than 5 nmol/mg protein and no other overriding mechanism of resistance could be sensitized to 4-HC treatment with L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine. Finally, D283 Med (4-HCR) cells had mild elevations in both ALDH and GSH content, but were resistant to phenylketocyclophosphamide and were not significantly sensitized by L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine. This cell line appears to demonstrate a third mechanism of resistance to 4-HC. These results suggest that 4-HC resistance in medulloblastoma can be multifactorial.