gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Structure of Cucurbitin: Subunit Symmetry and Organization <i>in situ</i> (1980)

The low-resolution (2 nm) subunit symmetry of cucurbitin, the crystalline seed storage globulin of cucurbits, has been determined by X-ray diffraction. The wet crystals belong to the cubic space group F23 and there are 4 molecules per unit cell. The molecules therefore possess point-group symmetry 23 and contain 12 structural units which at this resolution are indistinguishable. On drying, the crystal lattice dimension shrinks from 13.6 nm to 12.4 nm with no apparent change in symmetry. Diffraction patterns of small crystals spun into a pellet, and sections of dry and wet native seed indicate that in situ the protein is organised in microcrystals of the same unit cell and symmetry. Edestin, the crystalline storage globulin from cannabis, and a crystalline globulin from tobacco seed both have the same crystal lattice as cucurbitin and, very likely, the same subunit symmetry.
#13: ISOKINETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL PLAYERS: I. NORMATIVE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN QUADRICEPS AND HAMSTRING MUSCLE GROUPS AND RELATIVE TO BODY WEIGHT (1981)

Davies, G. J.; Kirkendall, D. T.; Leigh, D. H.; Lui, M. L.; Reinbold, T. R.; Wilson, P. K. Author Information
Continuous-wave oscillation of a monomode ytterbium-doped fibre laser (1988)

Laser emission has been observed in a monomode fibre doped with ytterbium. A wide tuning range has been observed, 1.015μm to 1.140μm, when pumped by a dye laser at 840 nm. Diode pumped operation has also been achieved in a cooled fibre.
Radar wake vortex measurements at F and I band (1994)

All aircraft generate vortices in their wakes, which are created by the wings as the aircraft produces lift. The wakes consist of two counter-rotating masses of air that are cylindrical in shape and are a potential hazard to a following aircraft. When encountering a vortex a severe roll that may not be possible to control, can be induced, with the possible catastrophic results. The most hazardous situation is when a small aircraft is following a larger one on landing approach. Aviation regulations specify minimum separations between different types of aircraft when they are receiving an Air Traffic Control service, so as to ensure that a vortex does not present a hazard to following aircraft. There are two weather conditions that particularly concern ATC authorities. First, those where the vortices persist, and second those which lead to a rapid dispersion of the vortices which could enable the minimum separation between aircraft to be significantly reduced. The successful reduction in separations could improve runway capacity and contribute to the growth in air transport. As yet there is no reliable all weather method in operation that can determine whether the vortices generated by an aircraft have dispersed, and so, there is an important requirement for a technique or techniques to be developed that can be reliably employed to detect the presence of vortices in the vicinity of airports. This paper describes work undertaken at the GEC-Marconi Research Centre to investigate the feasibility of detecting aircraft wake vortices using a microwave radar.
Photoemission Study on the Surface Components of the 4f Levels in Yb Metal (1982)

It has become evident that the four-components structure in Yb metal 4f levels is due to surface effect of intrinsic nature.
SNR versus resolution in 3D <sup>1</sup>H MRS of the human brain at high magnetic fields (2001)

It is commonly accepted that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR = peak-signal/RMS-noise) per-unit-time of proton MR spectroscopy (1H-MRS) is linearly proportional to the voxel volume. Consequently, with a headcoil and 30-min acquisition, 1 cm3 is considered the SNR-limited spatial resolution barrier in the human brain. However, since local linewidths, Delta(upsilon*) = (piT2*)(-1), at high magnetic fields (B0), are dominated by regional inhomogeneities (DeltaB0), i.e., T2* << T2, reducing the voxel dimensions may increase T2*. This could compensate, in part, for signal loss with volume decrease. It is shown that for two cubic voxels of sides l1 and l2, l1 > l2, as the volume decreases by (l1/l2)3, their SNR ratio is reduced by only (l1/l2)2 due to a commensurate T2* increase of l1/l2. This is demonstrated in a phantom and the brains of volunteers, with 3D 1H-MRS in a headcoil at 4 T. It is shown that while the cubic voxels' dimensions were all halved, reducing their volume eightfold, their metabolites' SNR decreased only fourfold, due to their Delta(upsilon*s') twofold decrease. In other words, both spatial and spectral resolutions were doubled at a significantly, x2, smaller-than-expected SNR loss. This advantage was exploited to produce quality high spatial resolution, 0.75 x 0.75 x 0.75 cm3, metabolic maps in a 27-min acquisition.
Abundant expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein in primary rat aortic smooth muscle cells accompanies serum-induced proliferation. (1991)

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), which is responsible for producing hypercalcemia in patients with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy, has recently been identified in several normal tissues. Because PTHrP, like parathyroid hormone (PTH), is known to exhibit vasodilatory properties, we investigated the expression and regulation of PTHrP mRNA in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC). We report here that PTHrP mRNA is expressed in SMC and is markedly induced by serum in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion. Addition of 10% fetal calf serum to serum-deprived, confluent cells, resulted in a marked induction of PTHrP mRNA by 2 h with a peak at 4-6 h. PTHrP was detected in SMC by immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassay of conditioned medium, and was shown to be up-regulated within 24 h after the addition of serum. The serum induction of PTHrP mRNA was blocked by actinomycin D and by cycloheximide indicating the need for protein synthesis to evoke the serum effect on PTHrP gene transcription. In addition, treatment with dexamethasone, which has been previously shown to reduce the constitutive expression of PTHrP in human cancer cells, also blunted the serum induction of PTHrP mRNA in SMC. Treatment of quiescent cells with the serum mitogens platelet-derived growth factor or insulin-like growth factor-I had no effect on PTHrP, whereas the vasoactive peptides endothelin, norepinephrine and thrombin stimulated PTHrP expression. Exogenous addition of recombinant PTHrP-(1-141) had no significant effect on SMC DNA synthesis as measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation. In summary, the abundance of PTHrP mRNA and the characteristics of its regulation in SMC suggest a major role for PTHrP as a local modulator in vascular smooth muscle.
Assessing Calibration Stability Using the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI) Noise Diodes (2015)

With rising demand for smaller, lower mass microwave instruments, internal calibration using noise diodes is becoming increasingly more attractive for space-borne radiometer applications. Since noise diodes can exhibit on-orbit excess temperature drift, internally calibrated systems typically require vicarious on-orbit recharacterization. The GMI is the first instrument of its kind to include both internal (noise diodes) and external (hot load/cold sky) calibration systems. The dual-calibration system provides the unprecedented capability to directly measure transient behaviors in the hot load, cold sky view, and receiver nonlinearity. Furthermore, the behavior of the noise diodes can be directly evaluated, which may shed light on improvements to internal calibration for future missions. This paper directly examines the behavior of the GMI noise diodes using the hot load and cold sky views for the first 6 months of operations. Two of the seven channels with noise diodes have exhibited on-orbit noise diode excess temperature drift of about 1 K. The other noise diodes have remained exceptionally stable. The noise diodes are used to evaluate transient behaviors in the GMI hot load, cold sky view, and nonlinearity. The hot-load brightness temperature variation due to gradients is re-evaluated and shown to be smaller at the lower frequencies than at preflight calibration. Radio frequency interference (RFI) in the cold view is evaluated using the noise diode backup calibration. The on-orbit nonlinearity is trended over the first 6 months and shown to be stable over that time period.
High temperature fast response pressure probe for use in liquid metal droplet dispensers (2012)

A miniature fast response high temperature pressure probe, with demonstrated use in liquid metals up to 255 °C (528 K), has been developed. Innovative packaging technologies have been applied to integrate a conventional piezoresistive silicon pressure sensor into the probe, without the need of an auxiliary water-cooling system. In situ static calibrations are used to verify the linearity of the pressure signal and the stability of the pressure sensitivity (0.5% standard deviation over 70 min at 255 °C). Dynamic calibration, completed in an air shock tube facility, yields the probe's natural frequency. This frequency, when corrected for probe operation in liquid tin, is found to be 100 kHz. The reliability and accuracy of the probe is assessed by mounting it in a tin droplet dispenser for use in an extreme ultraviolet light source. Droplet dispensers typically include an excitation mechanism, which can be based on the generation of acoustic pressure waves to impose a desired droplet frequency. The probe accuracy is verified by the comparison of pressure measurements with laser Doppler vibrometry measurements of the pressure generating structure. A reference pressure measurement, conducted at representative conditions, shows a complex frequency response, with peaks distributed over three orders of magnitude and maximum amplitude of 440 mbar. Time variance of the excitation mechanism due to thermal transients is studied by monitoring the pressure response during operation. Finally, the linearity of the excitation system, with respect to the excitation amplitude, is verified by response measurements. In conclusion, the developed probe is capable of characterizing the excitation mechanism of a liquid metal droplet dispenser. Additionally, real-time monitoring of the performance of the excitation system during long-term operation is possible.
Active site titration of bovine β‐trypsin by N<sup>α</sup>‐(<i>N,N</i>‐dimethylcarbamoyl)‐α‐aza‐lysine <i>p</i>‐nitrophenyl ester: kinetic and crystallographic analysis (1995)

Kinetics of bovine beta-trypsin (trypsin) with the N alpha-(N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl)-alpha-aza-lysine p-nitrophenyl ester (Dmc-azaLys-ONp) was obtained at pH 6.2 and 21.0 degrees C. Dmc-azaLys-ONp shows the characteristics of an optimal active site titrant in that it (i) gives titrations in a short time, (ii) is a stable and soluble compound with a stoichiometric reaction that is easily and directly detectable, and (iii) allows titrations over a wide range of enzyme concentration. Moreover, the three-dimensional structure of the trypsin.N alpha-(N,N-dimet hylcarbamoyl)-alpha-aza-lysine acyl.enzyme adduct has been solved by X-ray crystallography at 2.0 A resolution (R = 0.145). The Dmc-azaLys moiety of the active site titrant is sited in the serine proteinase reaction center, and is covalently linked to the OG atom of the Ser195 catalytic residue.
Metamaterial Electric-LC Resonators on Electro-Optic Modulator for Wireless THz-Lightwave Signal Conversion (2015)

Metamaterial electric-LC resonators on an electro-optic modulators are proposed for wireless THz-lightwave signal conversion. Strong electric field can be induced on the resonators by wireless THz irradiation and converted to lightwave signals through electro-optic modulation.
Elimination–addition. Part VIII. Structures of acetylene–amine adducts (1966)

Addition of primary and secondary amines to acetylenes activated by the groups PhCO–, PhCH2N(Me)·CO–, MeO·CO–, PhCH2·SO–, and PhCH2·SO2– has been investigated. In all cases, 1 : 1-adducts are formed and these have the enamine structure.Secondary amines give the thermodynamically more stable trans-enamines only; the exceptional behaviour of ethyleneimine, reported by other workers, is discussed.Primary amines give equilibrium mixtures of cis- and trans-enamines whose compositions have been determined by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The proportions of cis- and trans-isomers depend on the solvent used for p.m.r. measurements, and upon the structures both of the activating group and the amine.Change of solvent from chloroform to dimethyl sulphoxide shifts the equilibrium in favour of the trans-isomer; this observation is accounted for in terms of the balance between inter- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonding.For adducts with benzylamine, the proportion of cis-isomer falls along the series of activating groups as follows: Ph·CO– < PhCH2·N(Me)CO– < MeO·CO– and PhCH2·SO– < PhCH2·SO2–. The adducts obtained from the acetylenic ester and ketone with t-butylamine contain a greater proportion of cis-isomer than those obtained with benzylamine. By contrast, the cis–trans ratios depend little upon either the basicity of the amine or the polarity of the N-alkyl group. These observations are discussed.
The Neighborhood Where You Live Is a Risk Factor for Stroke (2013)

Our study shows that primordial risk factors such as poverty and education drive disparities in stroke mortality among neighborhoods in Arkansas.
Structure of 4-methylpyridinium bromide (1993)

γ-Picolinium bromide, [C 6 H 7 NH]Br, M r =174.05, monoclinic, Cm, a=8.785 (4), b=8.318 (3), c=4.920 (1) A, β=103.62 (3) o , V=349.4 (4) A 3 , Z=2, D x =1.654 g cm -3 , λ(Mo Kα)=0.71073 A, μ=57.23 cm -1 , F(000)=172, T=293 K, R=0.033 for 415 reflections with F 0 2 >3σ(F 0 2 ) and 41 vari ables. The compound consists of C 6 H 7 NH + cations and Br - anions
Electromechanical emulation of active vibratory systems (2006)

The design of a simple electromechanical system which is dynamically equivalent to an active vibratory system is studied in this paper. A two-step process is presented in which a passive vibratory system is first obtained, which is then modified in the second step to achieve active equivalence. Implementation of the active emulation step is achieved by closed-loop control of electromechanical shakers attached to the passive system and driven so as to generate the appropriate vibrations at the mounting locations of the active vibratory system. Experimental examples are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of this design process.
An Interactive Color Image Quantization Method with Flexible and Subjective Color Selection Capability (1991)

8色または16色程度を同時表示可能な, 簡易型のルックアップテーブル形式のディスプレイを対象とした限定色カラー画像の作成法について述べる.本方式の特徴は, 画像上で多くの色を割当てたり, 色の割当てを少なくする部分を会話的に指定し, 作成者の好みに合致した画像を作成可能な点にある.処理は次の3つのステップで行われる.まず, (1) システムは標準的な限定色画像を自動的に生成し, それを提示する. (2) 作成者は好みに合わせ, 画像上で割当てる色の数を制御する部分を矩形領域で指定し, 併せてその部分の重視の程度と色割当てのタイプを指定する. (3) システムは指示に合わせて, 指定部分に多くの色を割当てたり, 少ない色を割当てるなどの制御を行う.この (2), (3) のステップを繰り返して好みに近い画像を得ようとするものである.これを実現するため, 色空間中で同一色を割当てる範囲の大きさ (D) をパラメータとし, 多くの色を割当てる部分には小さなD値, 少ない色を割当てる部分には大きなD値を設定するという手法を提案している.
Base Catalysis of the Reaction of Secondary Amines with p-Nitrophenyl Phosphate. Kinetic Evidence for an Addition Intermediate in Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution<sup>1</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBase Catalysis of the Reaction of Secondary Amines with p-Nitrophenyl Phosphate. Kinetic Evidence for an Addition Intermediate in Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution1A. J. Kirby and W. P. JencksCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 14, 3217–3224Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01092a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01092a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views421Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Interhemispheric and Intrahemispheric Connectivity From the Left Pars Opercularis Within the Language Network Is Modulated by Transcranial Stimulation in Healthy Subjects (2020)

Neural activity related to language can be modulated within widespread networks following learning or in response to disruption-including the experimental application of noninvasive brain stimulation. However, the spatiotemporal characteristics of such modulation remain insufficiently explored. The present study combined transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG) to explore the modulation of activity across the language network following continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) of the left pars opercularis. In 10 healthy subjects (21 ± 2 years old, four females), neuronavigated cTBS was delivered over the left pars opercularis of the frontal operculum (part of the traditional Broca's area) at 80% of active motor threshold (AMT) stimulation intensity. Real cTBS and sham cTBS were performed in two different visits separated by at least 48 h. Before, immediately, and 10 min after cTBS, 30 single pulses of TMS were delivered to the left pars opercularis at 80% of the resting motor threshold (RMT), whereas EEG was simultaneously recorded. We examined the cTBS-induced modulation of phase locking values (PLVs) between the TMS-evoked potentials (TEPs) recorded over the pars opercularis and those recorded over its right-hemispheric homolog area, the left supramarginal area, and the left superior temporal area in different EEG frequency bands and different time windows following cTBS. cTBS to the left pars opercularis induced within the gamma band: (1) a significant increase in TEP phase synchronization between the left and right pars opercularis at an early time window (250-350 ms) following cTBS; and (2) significantly increased PLV with the left supramarginal area and the left superior temporal area at a later time window (600-700 ms). In the theta and delta band, cTBS to the left pars opercularis induced significantly increased phase synchronization of TEPs between the left pars opercularis and the posterior left hemispheric language areas at a late time window. In sham condition, there was a significant decrease in TEP phase synchronization of the high beta band between left pars opercularis and left superior temporal area at 200-300 ms. These results contribute to characterize the dynamics of the language network and may have implications in the development of noninvasive stimulation protocols to promote the language rehabilitation in aphasia patients.
A Selective Review of Biological Markers in Schizophrenia (1991)

Through previous research, promising biological markers for schizophrenia have been identified. Abnormalities in eye movement, electrodermal activity, event-related brain potentials, attention and informational processing, and brain imaging have been reported. Studies of potential trait markers suffer from the lack of a standardized methodology, which makes comparisons of their results difficult. No one possible marker appears specific for schizophrenia. Additional studies in high-risk children and adults are needed using multiple measurements to define biologic similarities and differences between psychiatric syndromes in order to develop definitive trait markers for schizophrenia. Sufficient evidence does not exist to support the inclusion of biological markers among the DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia, although some are sufficiently robust to merit mention among the associated features discussed in the text.
Diseases of Geraniums (1985)

Geraniums are one of the most versatile and widely used flowering plants in the floriculture industry. The diseases discussed in this bulletin are primarily those that affect the florist, garden, or zonal geranium, Pelargonium x hortorum. 20 specific diseases are addressed, organized by type of disease, i.e. bacterial, fungal, viral, and non-parasitic. Each disease is described in terms of importance, symptoms, the pathogen that causes the disease, environmental relations, and control. Use of fungicides, and soil treatments are discussed in separate sections. 33 black and white photographs and 5 tables supplement the text.
Identification of a Fusobacterium nucleatum PK1594 galactose-binding adhesin which mediates coaggregation with periopathogenic bacteria and hemagglutination (1997)

Attachment of Fusobacterium nucleatum to various oral surfaces is mediated by several adhesins anchored on its outer surface. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were prepared and used to identify the putative galactose-binding adhesin of F. nucleatum PK1594. Four unique MAbs, 8G7, 26B9, 28G11, and 29D4, were isolated on the basis of their ability to inhibit coaggregation of F. nucleatum PK1594 with Porphyromonas gingivalis PK1924. All four MAbs were also capable of inhibiting galactose-inhibitable interactions of F. nucleatum PK1594 with other oral gram-negative bacteria and with erythrocytes. Preincubation of F. nucleatum PK1594 with MAb 26B9 or its Fab fragments at concentrations lower than 1 microg/ml resulted in complete inhibition of coaggregation with P. gingivalis PK1924 or hemagglutination. F. nucleatum PK1594 surface components prepared by mild sonication or by extracting whole cells with detergents were subjected to Western blot analysis. None of the MAbs were able to recognize any polypeptide in these experiments. Therefore, detergent extracts of F. nucleatum PK1594 surface components were subjected to three experimental procedures: (i) separation by ion-exchange chromatography and testing of fractions for reaction with MAb 26B9 in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), (ii) lactose-Sepharose affinity chromatography and testing of the lactose eluate in ELISA with MAb 26B9, and (iii) immunoseparation with either MAb 26B9 or 8G7. Collectively, the results suggest that the putative adhesin is a 30-kDa outer membrane polypeptide which mediates the coaggregation with P. gingivalis PK1924 as well as other galactose-sensitive interactions of F. nucleatum PK1594.
Cylindrical coordinate representations for modeling surfaces of the cornea and contact lenses (1999)

The paper develops four alternatives for modeling surfaces of the cornea and contact lenses. The cornea and contact lenses are generally smooth surfaces with possible discontinuities in circumferential or radial patterns. We define surfaces derived from semi-regular tensor product B-spline surfaces over a polar coordinate domain. The semi-regular partition allows finer control over the patch size, which is desirable for adaptive refinement. In geometric space, several patches meet at the origin, potentially resulting in a discontinuity. This is addressed by either imposing a system of constraints or blending the center region into a continuous function. The representations are fit to sampled data from a range of shapes and compared in terms of overall fit and fidelity at the origin. In the cases where constraint equations are used, their effectiveness and consequences on the resulting accuracy are assessed.