gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Indirect resin composites (2010)

Aesthetic dentistry continues to evolve through innovations in bonding agents, restorative materials, and conservative preparation techniques. The use of direct composite restoration in posterior teeth is limited to relatively small cavities due to polymerization stresses. Indirect composites offer an esthetic alternative to ceramics for posterior teeth. This review article focuses on the material aspect of the newer generation of composites. This review was based on a PubMed database search which we limited to peer-reviewed articles in English that were published between 1990 and 2010 in dental journals. The key words used were 'indirect resin composites,' composite inlays,' and 'fiber-reinforced composites.'
MTJ based non-volatile flip-flop in deep submicron technology (2011)

The NVFF (Non-Volatile Flip-flop) using a MTJ is one of the powerful solutions for the low power system. However, the previous NVFF cannot provide a sufficient current to write the data into the MTJ in deep submicron technology. This problem occurs due to the lowered supply voltage (1.1V for core device in 45nm technology) with technology scaling. It can be resolved by increasing the supply voltage. However, the increased supply voltage causes a reliability problem of the core device. In order to overcome this problem, the proposed write circuit adopts an IO device with an IO supply voltage of 1.8V. In addition, the low-skewed NAND (LS-NAND) is used to efficiently interface the two supply voltage levels of 1.1V and 1.8V and to minimize the short circuit current in the write circuit. In this paper, the NVFF with the proposed write circuit is verified by HSPICE simulation using an industry compatible 45nm model parameter. The write current of the proposed write circuit is 60% greater than that of the previous write circuit and is sufficient for the proper write operation.
Multistep tandem mass spectrometry for Sequencing Cyclic Peptides in an Ion-Trap Mass Spectrometer (1999)

Collisionally activated decomposition (CAD) of a protonated cyclic peptide produces a superposition spectrum consisting of fragments produced following random ring opening of the cyclic peptide to give a set of acylium ions (or isomeric equivalents) of the same m/z. Assignment of the correct sequence is often difficult owing to lack of selectivity in the ring opening. A method is presented that utilizes multiple stages of CAD experiments in an electrospray ion-trap mass spectrometer to sequence cyclic peptides. A primary acylium ion is selected from the primary product-ion spectrum and subjected to several stages of CAD. Amino-acid residues are sequentially removed, one at each stage of the CAD, from the C-terminus, until a b2 ion is reached. Results are presented for seven cyclic peptides, ranging in sizes from four to eight amino-acid residues. This method of sequencing cyclic peptides eliminates ambiguities encountered with other MS/MS approaches. The power of the strategy lies in the capability to execute several stages of CAD upon a precursor ion and its decomposition products, allowing the cyclic peptide to be sequenced in an unambiguous, stepwise manner.
Predicting Global Computing Power of Blockchain Using Cryptocurrency Prices (2019)

Blockchain is a disruptive technology that enables disparate users to share their information in blocks trustworthily without a centralized entity. One fundamental problem is how to stable the block interval. To address this problem, our method is: 1. predict the computing power (i.e., hashrate) of a blockchain system by the cryptocurrency price; 2. stable the interval according to the predicted power. This paper focuses on the prediction of the global computing power. In our prediction, we adopt a LSTM-based regression algorithm to handle the hysteresis of computing power changes in response to the price changes. Taking the Bitcoin system as an example, we run extensive experiments that verify that our prediction algorithm is very accurate.
Time-dependent edge notch sensitivity of Inconel 718 sheet in the temperature range 900 to 1400 F (482 to 760 C) (1972)

Time-dependent notch sensitivity of Inconel 718 sheet occurred at 900 to 1200 F when notched specimens were loaded below the yield strength, and tests on smooth specimens showed that small amounts of creep consumed large fractions of creep-rupture life. The severity of the notch sensitivity decreased with decreasing solution treatment temperature and increasing time and/or temperature of the aging treatment. Elimination of the notch sensitivity was correlated with a change in the dislocation mechanism from shearing to by-passing precipitate particles.
Generalized Circuits for Electroanalytical Instrumentation. (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGeneralized Circuits for Electroanalytical Instrumentation.W. M. Schwarz and Irving. ShainCite this: Anal. Chem. 1963, 35, 12, 1770–1778Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60205a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60205a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views272Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
CELLULAR PHONE UTILIZATION AND THE STUDENT ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE (2018)

Cellular phone is very common nowadays. Its utilization varies from every walk of life. Among senior high school students, most of the students own the item and it replaces their subtle moments as observed in the locale intently studied Eventually, this study aimed to assess the association of using cellphone among the senior high school students and their level of academic performance of the 241 respondent invited to answer the survey which includes the level of academic performance of the student and the extent of cellphone utilization among the senior high school students. Both are treated together statistically to determine the association. The result of the study shall give the teachers and parents the idea of becoming permissive or not of their students’ use of cellular phones. Recommendations shall be identified in order to maximize the benefits of the use of cellular phones in and outside the classroom as well as making the item as a tool that aids teaching and learning activities of the students.
Novel design of a totally decoupled flexure-based XYZ parallel micropositioning stage (2010)

This paper presents the design process of a totally decoupled flexure-based XYZ compliant parallel-kinematics micropositioning stage. The uniqueness of the proposed XYZ stage lies in that it consists of three monolithic limbs and has both input and output decoupling properties. The output decoupling is allowed by the employment of a proposed 2-D compound parallelogram flexure, and the input decoupling is implemented by actuation isolation which is enabled by the double compound parallelogram flexures with large transverse stiffness. By modeling each flexure hinge as a 2-DOF compliant joint, analytical models for the amplification ratio and input stiffness of the XYZ stage are established, which are validated by finite element analysis performed with ANSYS. The presented results are useful for the development of a new XYZ micropositioning stage for the micro-/nanomanipulation applications.
Electrical breakdown induced by silicon nitride roughness in thin oxide–nitride–oxide films (1996)

The time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) characteristics of thin oxide–nitride–oxide (ONO) films containing 4 nm of Si3N4 were found to be exclusively determined by statistical thickness fluctuations of the Si3N4 layer. A two-parameter statistical model describes this roughness and explains experimental TDDB data. A simple growth model combined with the statistical model reduces the number of parameters to one. It is consistent with TDDB data and is in quantitative agreement with transmission electron microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data and is able to explain the origin of the roughness. On an ONO with a 4 nm Si3N4 layer and an area of 8 cm2—corresponding to the total storage area of a 256 Mbit dynamic random access memory—the thinnest point in the Si3N4 can be expected to be below 10 Å. So eliminating the Si3N4 roughness would bring a drastic improvement in reliability.
Quality Models Inside Out: Interactive Visualization of Software Metrics by Means of Joint Probabilities (2018)

Assessing software quality, in general, is hard; each metric has a different interpretation, scale, range of values, or measurement method. Combining these metrics automatically is especially difficult, because they measure different aspects of software quality, and creating a single global final quality score limits the evaluation of the specific quality aspects and trade-offs that exist when looking at different metrics. We present a way to visualize multiple aspects of software quality. In general, software quality can be decomposed hierarchically into characteristics, which can be assessed by various direct and indirect metrics. These characteristics are then combined and aggregated to assess the quality of the software system as a whole. We introduce an approach for quality assessment based on joint distributions of metrics values. Visualizations of these distributions allow users to explore and compare the quality metrics of software systems and their artifacts, and to detect patterns, correlations, and anomalies. Furthermore, it is possible to identify common properties and flaws, as our visualization approach provides rich interactions for visual queries to the quality models' multivariate data. We evaluate our approach in two use cases based on: 30 real-world technical documentation projects with 20,000 XML documents, and an open source project written in Java with 1000 classes. Our results show that the proposed approach allows an analyst to detect possible causes of bad or good quality.
Density Functional Study of <i>N-</i>Heterocyclic and Diamino Carbene Complexes:  Comparison with Phosphines (2004)

In this study we have examined 27 Cr(CO)5L complexes, ligands including N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), acyclic diaminocarbenes, Fischer- and Schrock-type carbenes, and phosphines. We found that NHC−metal bonds are significantly stronger than those of phosphines. Imidazol-2-ylidenes (1a−g) and their C−C saturated imidazolin-2-ylidene counterparts (2a−g) demonstrate similar ligand−metal binding and gas-phase proton affinity (PA). CO exchange from Cr(CO)6 by NHCs and carbenes is energetically favorable, while CO exchange for phosphines is unfavorable. NHC ligands facilitate carbonyl dissociation from the complexes to a larger extent than phosphines. It was found that the geometrical parameters and force constants of trans C−O in Cr(CO)5L complexes are closely related to ligand properties such as PA, electronegativity (χ), and charge transfer (ΔN). In general, NHCs and phosphines are nucleophilic and soft ligands, while the nucleophilicity and softness of NHCs are slightly larger. Among them, acyclic diaminocarbenes, imidazolin-2-ylidenes with large substituent groups on nitrogens, and PCy3 and PPh3 are ligands that are the softest and most nucleophilic. The nucleophilicity of ligands decrease in the order: :C(N(i-Pr)2)2 > :C(NMe2)2 > PCy3, :C(Me)(NMe2) > PPh3, 2c−g > 1c−g, :C(Me)(OMe), P(alkyl)3 > PH3, :C(OH)2 > :CH2 > PF3 > :CF2.
The magnetic stoma device (1981)

The magnetic ring device implanted in an attempt at achieving continence in the colonic stoma, consists of a subcutaneous ring and a removable magnetic cap with a charcoal filter. Fourteen patients were selected from a potential number of 58 candidates. Fifty per cent of the patients have had good results. No complications were attributable to the implanted device. There was no incidence of parastomal hernia.
Oxidative degradation approach to p-quinones (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidative degradation approach to p-quinonesJose M. Saa, Jeronimo Morey, and Carmen RubidoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 23, 4471–4473Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00373a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00373a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views561Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[The rate of acetylsalicylic acid non-respondents among patients hospitalized for acute coronary disease, previously undergoing secondary salicylic acid prophylaxis]. (1999)

The authors determined the rate of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) non-responders among patients receiving secondary prevention due to cardiovascular diseases at the appearance of acute coronary events. The non-responders were defined as: patients who have been treated with ASA because of acute coronary syndrome, but the subsequently performed platelet aggregation study did not confirmed an appropriate platelet inhibition. Among the 75 patients being investigated (44 male, 31 female, average age: 61.3 ys) 21 were hospitalized due to acute myocardial infarction and 54 for unstable angina, respectively. The daily doses of ASA were 200-325 mg. The aggregation of platelets was measured within 24 h after the admission. The investigations were performed with different amounts of 4 different inducers (ADP, arachidonic acid, epinephrine and collagen) taking dose-response curves. The antiaggregatory treatment with ASA was considered to be ineffective if the typical aggregation curves were obtained above the following final concentrations of the inducers: ADP: > 5 microM, epinephrine: > 5 microM, arachidonic acid: > 250 microM, collagen: > 2 micrograms/ml. These upper-threshold concentrations of the inducers were determined with the help of the data of healthy drug free volunteers. Twenty-six of the 75 patients (34%) were found to be non-responder to ASA, whereas the antiaggregatory effect of ASA was proven in 49 cases. No differences were found in gender. The compliance was proven with the HPLC-determination of urinary metabolites of ASA performed immediately after the upon admission. Seven patients (10.9%) showed a non-compliance, not showing any traces of ASA-metabolites in their urine. The authors emphasizing the importance of the laboratory control even of the prophylactic ASA treatment in order to continue the effective antiaggregatory therapy with other effective drugs.
CIRCUIT DESIGN TECHNIQUE FOR HIGH AMPLIFIERS WE2C-1 EFFICIENCY CLASS F (2000)

In this paper, lead network circuit technique to design high efficiency class F amplifiers using new types of loading circuits was demonstrated. The loading circuits were realized using both lumped elements and transmission lines. The derived values of each circuit element are given. The simulation procedure and experimental verification were performed on the example of high-voltage LDMOSFET power amplifier. The test measurements show that, for this power amplifier, 76% drain efficiency can be
A compact and flexible transfer cell for surface analysis (1998)

A compact transfer cell for surface analysis which avoids many of the difficulties of earlier designs has been designed and built. The cell may be opened and sealed within the sample entry/preparation chamber of the UHV system and allows transfer to and from glove boxes and other systems. Direct transfer of pre-prepared samples into an in situ reaction cell is also possible. Using this transfer cell, oxide-free iron surfaces have been observed using XPS after removal from organic acid-containing liquids.
THE PERFORMANCE OF ZINC DITHIOPHOSPHATES AS LUBRICATING OIL ADDITIVES (1958)

The use of either sulfur-or phosphorus-containing additives in lubricants had its beginning prior to 1920. However, it was not until the late 1930's that metal dithiophosphates, specifically Zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates, began to receive attention as lubricating oil anti-oxidants and bearing corrosion inhibitors. The anti-wear characteristics which have put them in the forefront in the last few years, while known then was not required in the internal combustion engines of the time. The current high performance V-8 engines used with multi-viscosity graded oils puts great emphasis on all the three functions of anti-oxidant, bearing corrosion inhibitor and particularly anti-wear agent.
Catalysis of the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide by Iron(0) Porphyrins. Synergistic Effect of Lewis Acid Cations (1996)

Addition of Lewis acid cations such as Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Li+ and Na+ considerably improves the catalysis of CO2 reduction by iron(0) tetraphenylporphyrins, in terms of both catalytic efficiency and lifetime of the catalyst. Carbon monoxide is the main product, while formate is formed to a lesser extent (30% with Mg2+ and only 10% with Li+). Cyclic voltammetry indicates that the order of reactivity of these Lewis acid synergists is Mg2+ ≅ Ca2+ > Ba2+ > Li+ > Na+. Systematic analysis of the kinetics allows the proposal of a mechanism for the effect of both the divalent and monovalent cations. In many instances, the assisted catalysis is so strong that the current is affected by product inhibition as observed previously with Brönsted acid synergists. Self-inhibition is more irreversible in the present case and required a different approach to be analyzed. The importance of push−pull mechanisms in the catalysis of CO2 reduction is thus confirmed; electrons are pushed into the CO2 molecule by the electron-rich catalyst and the cleavage of one of the C−O bonds is helped by the presence of an electron deficient synergist.
Nanobond® Assembly – A Rapid, Room Temperature Soldering Process (2009)

ABSTRACT Reactive NanoTechnologies (RNT) has developed a new technology that will revolutionize how manufacturers join components using solder materials. (See Figure 1) The joining process is based on the use of reactive multilayer foils as local heat sources. The foils are a new class of nano-engineered materials, in which self-propagating exothermic reactions can be ignited at room temperature through an ignition process. By inserting a multilayer foil between two solder layers and two components, heat generated by the reaction in the foil melts the solder and consequently bonds the components. The joining process can be completed at room temperature in air, argon or vacuum in approximately one second. The resulting metallic joints exhibit thermal conductivities two orders of magnitude higher, and thermal resistivities an order of magnitude lower, than current commercial TIMs. The use of reactive foils as a local heat source eliminates the need for torches, furnaces, or lasers, speeds the soldering processes, and dramatically reduces the total heat that is needed. Thus, temperature-sensitive or small components can be joined without thermal damage or excessive heating. In addition, mismatches in thermal contraction on cooling can be avoided because components see very small increases in temperature. This is particularly beneficial for joining metals to ceramics. The fabrication and characterization of the reactive foils is described, and the value proposition for NanoBonding is presented. This paper also shows the applicability of this platform technology to many areas of packaging including Thermal Interface Materials, microelectronics, optoelectronics, and Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs).
How managed care organizations develop selective contracting networks for psychiatric inpatient care: a Massachusetts case study. (1999)

Medicaid agencies recently have adopted selective contracting to control use and costs of publicly financed behavioral health care. This case study describes formation of an inpatient network for serving psychiatrically disabled Medicaid beneficiaries in Massachusetts. Network formation is seen as a two-stage process: hospitals first decide to bid for a contract, and form a pool from which the managed care organization chooses hospitals. We used logit models to predict how hospital experience with Medicaid patients, competition, prior reimbursement rates, and geographic distribution affected these two stages. Hospitals are more likely to bid if they have treated more psychiatric inpatients and more disabled Medicaid inpatients receiving Supplemental Security Income. Managed care organizations take into account hospitals' experience with Medicaid patients and geographic dispersion, but not prior reimbursement rates.
Optical properties of graphene (2008)

Reflectance and transmittance of graphene in the optical region are analyzed as a function of frequency, temperature, and carrier density. We show that the optical graphene properties are determined by the direct interband electron transitions. The real part of the dynamic conductivity in doped graphene at low temperatures takes the universal constant value, whereas the imaginary part is logarithmically divergent at the threshold of interband transitions.
Monitoring and surveillance (2004)

Of the lifestyle factors known to be related to reduced fertility, cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and male-specific lifestyle factors are mentioned relatively infrequently in online information sources in Japan, and these factors should be discussed more in information published on websites.
Recent industrial application of speed sensorless vector control in Japan (2002)

This paper reports industrial applications of speed sensorless vector control drive system for induction motor in Japan. The speed sensorless vector control system has been widely studied as an intermediate system between V/f constant control and conventional vector control system. Although, this system can be supplied by several manufacturing company nowadays, it still is a young and developing technique. In fact, various control methods have been proposed to improve the cost performance of the systems. It will be a common purpose of these attempts, to achieve high starting torque and quick speed and torque response, using general purpose induction motor. This paper introduces a typical example of speed sensorless vector control system with its motor parameter turning system, and several industrial applications of these systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>