gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extraction of surrogate respiratory activity from pulse oximeter signals using SSA (2016)

Patient's condition in operation theaters (OTs), postoperative ICUs and critical care units (CCUs) is continuously monitored for the vital parameters such as pulse rate, oxygen saturation, breathing rate, blood pressure and others. For monitoring patients, not only in these units as well as in special situations such as cardiopulmonary and sleep disorder investigations, the breath related activity of the patient can be extracted from other physiological signals having respiratory influence such as pulse oximeter's photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals. In such situations accurate extraction of respiratory information from the PPG signal is essential to make it an alternative to all the cumbersome direct recording methods and viable under clinical settings. In this paper, we present a simple yet effective method, based on singular spectrum analysis (SSA), for extraction of respiratory activity from PPG signals. The method is applied on, PPG data collected from 12 different subjects in the laboratory with the help of an indigenously constructed prototype circuit. Each such data set consists, simultaneously recorded PPG and reference respiratory signals. The extracted respiratory signals are compared with the reference respiratory signals. Statistical parameters such as relative correlation co-efficient (RCC) in time domain as well as magnitude squared coherence (MSC) in frequency domain are used for performance evaluation along with error analysis using the accuracy rate (AcR) and normalized mean square error (NRMSE). Experimental results have shown a good acceptance for the extracted signal when compared to the originally recorded respiratory signal. The proposed technique could become an efficient approach for extraction of respiratory activity from PPG signals, avoiding usage of additional specialized sensor for recording of respiratory activity of the patient.
Head Motion Tracking Through in-Ear Wearables (2019)

Head tracking is a fundamental component in visual attention detection, which, in turn, can improve the state of the art of hearing aid devices. A multitude of wearable devices for the ear (so called earables) exist. Current devices lack a magnetometer which, as we will show, represents a big challenge when one tries to use them for accurate head tracking.
Integrated RC cell for time-invariant shaping amplifiers (2004)

Time-invariant shaping amplifiers, like semi-Gaussian shapers, are widely used to provide the best noise performances in detection systems based on high-resolution X-ray or /spl gamma/-ray detectors. A new "RC" cell which can be used for the realization of integrated semi-Gaussian shapers either with real or with complex poles has been designed. The proposed solution, which allows to implement RC time constants in the order of few /spl mu/s, is based on the well known technique of demagnification of the current flowing in a resistor R by means of the use of current mirrors. The architecture here adopted allows a more flexible coupling of the cell with the pole-zero network following the preamplifier and a precise and stable implementation of the desired time constant, for given values of R and C. Moreover, it can be biased with low currents, in order to minimize the shaper contribution to the overall parallel electronic noise, without affecting the precision of the time constant. A shaping amplifier based on this cell has been designed in the 0.35 /spl mu/m AMS technology. The main features of the circuit, the simulations of noise performances, and the preliminary experimental results of the first prototype are presented in this paper.
A massively parallel processing system based on a hyper-crossbar network (2003)

On the basis of VLSI and high-density interconnection technologies, a parallel-processing system consisting of 1024 processors is proposed. A special feature of this system is the reconfigurability of data communication channels between processors, achieved by using a hyper-crossbar interconnection network to facilitate the operation of multiple data systems. Each processor possesses two communication channels, separately connected to a local crossbar network and to a global crossbar network (which are subnetworks of the hyper-crossbar network) for local communication and global communication, respectively. Processors connected to the same local network form a processor cluster for the execution of systolic-array-type algorithms. Primarily implemented by Livermore interactive network communication (LINC) chips, the global networks are able to programmably hold or delay operation data to synchronize the data flow for generic applications. With the operation speed of 20 MHz, the system can reach a peak performance of 40 billion operations per second.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Low power combinational circuit synthesis targeting multiplexer based FPGAs (2004)

Low power circuits are emerging as an important application domain, and synthesis for low power is demanding attention. Technology decomposition schemes often ignore the fact that certain circuit elements can be mapped more efficiently by treating them separately during decomposition. Multiplexers are one such category of circuit elements. Mapping them using multiplexers in technology libraries has many advantages. The aim of this work is to exploit the potential of the multiplexers and decompose a combinational circuit targeting a reduction in the power consumption by the circuit. A technology mapping of this decomposed circuit onto the Actel's FPGA architecture, further reducing the power consumption, is also presented. The experimental results show on an average of over 55% reduction in power consumption over the SIS approach.
Developments in the Imaging of Brown Adipose Tissue and its Associations with Muscle, Puberty, and Health in Children (2011)

Fusion positron emission and computed tomography (PET/CT) remains the gold-standard imaging modality to non-invasively study metabolically active brown adipose tissue (BAT). It has been widely applied to studies in adult cohorts. In contrast, the number of BAT studies in children has been few. This is largely limited by the elevated risk of ionizing radiation and radionuclide tracer usage by PET/CT and the ethical restriction of performing such exams on healthy children. However, metabolically active BAT has a significantly higher prevalence in pediatric patients, according to recent literature. Young cohorts thus represent an ideal population to examine the potential relationships of BAT to muscle development, puberty, disease state, and the accumulation of white adipose tissue. In turn, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represents the most promising modality to overcome the limitations of PET/CT. The development of rapid, repeatable MRI techniques to identify and quantify both metabolically active and inactive BAT non-invasively and without the use of exogenous contrast agents or the need for sedation in pediatric patients are critically needed to advance our knowledge of this tissue's physiology.
Brown v. Iowa Legislative Council: Struggling with the Application of the Freedom of Information Act to Computerized Government Records, 13 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 123 (1994) (1994)

In 1996, Congress passed the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) to promote public access of information held by the federal government. Consequently, fifty states followed the lead by passing similar statutes providing public access to information held by state governments. While FOIA statutes facilitates the dissemination of information, the use of "records" in the statutes proves to be problematic in this computer age. Part of the accessible records is the information of redistricting of the states, a federal constitutional requirement on the states every ten years. In the Brown v. Iowa Legislative Council, plaintiff sought to gain access to the legislative redistricting data prepared by a private vendor. The issue for the Iowa Supreme Court is whether the computer data, as developed by the vendor, was a trade secret, and, therefore, exempt from disclosure under Iowa's public records law. The high court held that the data and software developed by the private vendor is trade secret and thus is exempt from disclosure. This decision, if interpreted broadly, affects similar data that is prepared by computer software and thus would ultimately defeat the purpose of FOIA statutes. Hence, the author recommends that, first governments must consider the goals of freedom of sharing of information when developing and implementing new computerized information systems. Second, government agencies and courts must learn to distinguish types of computerized information. Third, government agencies could initiate implementation of programs that would allow complete disclosure of government records, while protecting the interests of private vendors. A final option, suggested by the author, is for Congress to amend, or supplement the FOIA to specifically address access to electronic information and implement uniform standard for state and local governments and agencies. It is only with such efforts that the objective of open governments envisioned by the FOIA could be achieved.
Introduction to Rare-Event Predictive Modeling for Inferential Statisticians -- A Hands-On Application in the Prediction of Breakthrough Patents (2020)

Recent years have seen a substantial development of quantitative methods, mostly led by the computer science community with the goal of developing better machine learning applications, mainly focused on predictive modeling. However, economic, management, and technology forecasting research has so far been hesitant to apply predictive modeling techniques and workflows. In this paper, we introduce a machine learning (ML) approach to quantitative analysis geared towards optimizing the predictive performance, contrasting it with standard practices inferential statistics, which focus on producing good parameter estimates. We discuss the potential synergies between the two fields against the backdrop of this, at first glance, target-incompatibility. We discuss fundamental concepts in predictive modeling, such as out-of-sample model validation, variable and model selection, generalization, and hyperparameter tuning procedures. We are providing a hands-on predictive modeling introduction for a quantitative social science audience while aiming at demystifying computer science jargon. We use the illustrative example of patent quality estimation - which should be a familiar topic of interest in the Scientometrics community - guiding the reader through various model classes and procedures for data pre-processing, modeling, and validation. We start off with more familiar easy to interpret model classes (Logit and Elastic Nets), continues with less familiar non-parametric approaches (Classification Trees, Random Forest, Gradient Boosted Trees), and finally presents artificial neural network architectures, first a simple feed-forward and then a deep autoencoder geared towards rare-event prediction.
Calculation of temperature rises due to conductor losses in a radially-cooled turbogenerator rotor (1989)

The rotor windings of large generators are usually cooled by hydrogen flowing through ducts within the winding. A detailed computer model, ROTH, has been developed to predict asymmetric temperature distributions. The original version was limited to rotors with axial cooling, but now it has been extended to handle radially-cooled rotors. The approximate method for estimating thermal bend has also been greatly improved. The author describes these enhancements, and validates them by comparing them with a simplified analytical solution, with an independently developed computer program and with limited experimental data.
Smoking and pregnancy (1998)

The facts that confront midwives about the effects that smoking has on society is without question. The risk of lung cancer and coronary heart disease are just two of the serious conditions related to cigarette smoking. The evidence on harmful effects smoking and indeed passive smoking has on the health of mothers and babies is continually being produced. Golding's research (Health Education Authority, 1997a) provided evidence that pregnant women who smoke are also more likely to suffer from less serious conditions — such as nausea and vomiting – compared to women who do not smoke. Risks to the unborn baby such as low birthweight and stillbirth are well documented. Sudden infant death and respiratory problems in the newborn are also associated with smoking (Confidential Enquiry into Stillbirths and Deaths in Infancy, 1998).
Extensions to FTP (2007)

This document specifies new FTP commands to obtain listings of remote directories in a defined format, and to permit restarts of interrupted data transfers in STREAM mode. It allows character sets other than US-ASCII, and also defines an optional virtual file storage structure.
Tergo-sternal muscles in the Thysanoptera (1932)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the United States during the 2015–2016 Season (2017)

Influenza vaccines reduced the risk of influenza illness in 2015-2016. However, the live attenuated vaccine was found to be ineffective among children in a year with substantial inactivated vaccine effectiveness. Because the 2016-2017 A(H1N1)pdm09 strain used in the live attenuated vaccine was unchanged from 2015-2016, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices made an interim recommendation not to use the live attenuated influenza vaccine for the 2016-2017 influenza season. (Funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institutes of Health.).
Surface Characteristics of Direct Fluorinated Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes (2009)

The single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) produced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) were directly fluorinated with fluorine (<TEX>$F_2$</TEX>) gas in a temperature range 20 ~ 400 <TEX>${^{\circ}C}$</TEX>. The surface properties and morphology of the SWCNTs were investigated in terms of fluorination temperature. As a result, Raman spectra showed a pair of bands at 1340 and 1590 <TEX>$cm^{-1}$</TEX> peculiar to disordered <TEX>$sp^2$</TEX>-carbons. These results indicated that C-F bonds were formed on the rear surfaces of the nanotubes by fluorination, while the external surfaces as well as the layers between the internal and external surfaces retained their <TEX>$sp^2$</TEX>-hybridization. XPS analysis exhibited that fluorine atoms were bonded to carbon atoms on internal surfaces (rear surfaces) of the nanotubes and the amount of fluorine attached on the nanotubes was increased with increasing the fluorination temperature. Consequently, the direct fluorination of carbon nanotubes led to functionalization and modification of pristine nanotubes with respect to surface and morphological properties.
Diasteroselective Preparation of Cyclopropanols Using Methylene Bis(iodozinc) (2011)

A diastereoselective synthesis of trans-2-substituted cyclopropanols is outlined. Bimetallic CH(2)(ZnI)(2) was found to react with α-chloroaldehydes to give cyclopropanols in yields of 64-89% and dr's ≥ 10:1. The high trans-selectivity resulted from equilibration of the cyclopropoxide intermediates.
HPLC–Tandem Mass Spectrometric Method for Rapid Quantification of Dimethylarginines in Human Plasma (2004)

Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) are derived from posttranslational methylation of arginine residues in proteins and after proteolytic release. Whereas protein methylation appears to be important in RNA binding and protein sorting, ADMA evolved as a competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase at the arginine-binding site (1)(2). At a constant arginine supply, increased ADMA concentrations decrease NO formation and impair vascular homeostasis by multiple mechanisms (3). Consequently, arginine supplementation improves small-vessel function (4). Inactivation of ADMA occurs via dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase, and it has been hypothesized that this enzyme might be inhibited by homocysteine. The role of SDMA is less clear; it probably is an inhibitor of arginine transport across the cell membrane (5).

From the clinical perspective, ADMA has been established as a possible risk factor for the development of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease (6). Its plasma concentrations also predict the probability of restenosis after stent implantation. The possible contribution of high-resistance placental circulation, endothelial dysfunction, and increased ADMA concentrations to the development of preeclampsia has been investigated (7). Recently, a significant decrease in circulating ADMA was reported during hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women (8). Plasma concentrations of ADMA are also influenced by insulin sensitizers such as rosiglitazone, indicating a possible link of NOS activity to the metabolic syndrome (9). Thus, there is considerable demand for specific, sensitive, and rapid methods for ADMA determination in biological fluids.

Previously, several methods for ADMA and SDMA determination have been described, including gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) (10), liquid chromatography …
Identification of Salmonella somatic and flagellar antigens by modified serological methods (1990)

This report describes two modified methods for the identification of Salmonella somatic (O) and flagellar (H) antigens. Over a period of 2 years, both modified methods were found to be approximately three times less labor intensive than the standard methods while requiring no more technical skill. The modified methods were as accurate as the standard methods in identifying the O and H antigens of 350 Salmonella isolates. Furthermore, 43 O antisera reacted exclusively with organisms possessing homologous O antigens when the modified and two standard methods were used. At the antiserum dilutions used for H antigen identification, H antisera did not react with O antigens or heterologous H antigens by either the modified or the standard method. Compared with the standard method for H antigen identification, the modified method was approximately 20 times more economical with respect to antisera and usually generated a 1.5- to 4-fold higher titer. Since the antisera stored for use in the modified method for H antigen identification were usually 100-fold more dilute than the antisera stored for the standard method, an antibody-stabilizing buffer was incorporated in the diluted antisera, allowing these reagents to be used for at least 9 to 16 months.
Phylogenetic heterogeneity of the species Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (2003)

Polyphasic genotypic analysis of 25 Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strains isolated from ores and ore concentrates collected in different regions of the world showed considerable strain heterogeneity. Restriction patterns of the chromosomal DNA of these strains obtained by PFGE were specific for each strain. According to the degree of DNA relatedness, 17 of the 23 strains studied were divided into four genomovars. Six independent, considerably divergent strains could not be assigned to any of the genomovars. A comparison of nearly complete nucleotide sequences of the 16S rDNA of five representatives of the genomovars (including the type strain of A. ferrooxidans, ATCC 23270T) with those of species of the genus Acidithiobacillus available from GenBank showed that most of the A. ferrooxidans strains, together with the type strain and some other strains of the species Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, comprised a monophyletic cluster. Within this major cluster, A. ferrooxidans strains fell into four phylogenetic groups that were equidistant from the phylogenetic group of A. thiooxidans strains. In general, the distribution of strains among the phylogenetic groups correlated with their distribution among the genomovars, except that the representatives of two different genomovars fell into one phylogenetic group. Thus, at least two levels of phylogenetic heterogeneity for A. ferrooxidans have been found. The phylogenetic heterogeneity of A. ferrooxidans strains, which are phenotypically indistinguishable, suggests the occurrence of microevolutionary processes in different econiches. This should be taken into account in the biohydrometallurgical applications of A. ferrooxidans strains.
Complementary and Alternative Therapies in Perinatal Populations: A Selected Review of the Current Literature (1998)

Complementary and alternative therapies have been accepted and used in perinatal nursing and midwifery practice for decades. Many authors describe a need for scientific scrutiny of these modalities to determine their efficacy and usefulness in patient care and to create some comparability among studies. The article presents a selective review of the current and readily available English literature about complementary and alternative therapies in perinatal care. Although there is a substantial amount of information published about these modalities in perinatal care, much of it is anecdotal. With the advent of definitions, descriptions, and funding in the United States and abroad, it is likely that additional research of improved design and comparability will be forthcoming.
Microwave processing of radioactive materials-I (1989)

This paper is the first of two papers that reviews the major past and present applications of microwave energy for processing radioactive materials, with particular emphasis on processing radioactive wastes. Microwave heating occurs through the internal friction produced inside a dielectric material when its molecules vibrate in response to an oscillating microwave field. For this presentation, we shall focus on the two FCC-approved microwave frequencies for industrial, scientific, and medical use, 915 and 2450 MHz. Also, because of space limitations, we shall postpone addressing plasma processing of hazardous wastes using microwave energy until a later date. 13 refs., 4 figs.
Spectral analysis of human saliva for detection of lung cancer using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (2012)

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been shown to be able to detect low-concentration biofluids. Saliva SERS readings of 21 lung cancer patients and 20 normal people were measured and differentiated. Most of the Raman peak intensities decrease for lung cancer patients compared with that of normal people. Those peaks were assigned to proteins and nucleic acids, which indicate a corresponding decrease of those substances in saliva. Principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were used to reduce and discriminate between the two groups of data, and the study resulted in accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity being 80%, 78%, and 83%, respectively. In conclusion, SERS of saliva showed the ability to predict lung cancer in our experiment.