gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CTLA-4 Gene Polymorphism at Position 49 in Exon 1 Reduces the Inhibitory Function of CTLA-4 and Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Graves’ Disease (2000)

Activation of T cells requires at least two signals transduced by the Ag-specific TCR and a costimulatory ligand such as CD28. CTLA-4, expressed on activated T cells, binds to B7 present on APCs and functions as a negative regulator of T cell activation. Our laboratory previously reported the association of Graves' disease (GD) with a specific CTLA-4 gene polymorphism. In theory, reduced expression or function of CTLA-4 might augment autoimmunity. In the present study, we categorized autoimmune thyroid disease patients and normal controls (NC) by genotyping a CTLA-4 exon 1 polymorphism and investigated the function of CTLA-4 in all subjects. PBMCs and DNA were prepared from GD (n = 45), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) (n = 18), and NC (n = 43). There were more GD patients with the G/G or A/G alleles (82.2% vs 65.1% in NC), and significantly fewer patients with the A/A allele (17.8% vs 34.9% in NC). In the presence of soluble blocking anti-human CTLA-4 mAb, T cell proliferation following incubation with allogeneic EBV-transformed B cells was augmented in a dose-dependent manner. Augmentation induced by CTLA-4 mAb was similar in GD and NC (GD, HT, NC = 156%, 164%, 175%, respectively). We related CTLA-4 polymorphism to mAb augmentation of T cell proliferation in each subgroup (GD, HT, NC). Although PBMC from individuals with the G/G alleles showed 132% augmentation, those with the A/A alleles showed 193% augmentation (p = 0.019). CTLA-4 polymorphism affects the inhibitory function of CTLA-4. The G allele is associated with reduced control of T cell proliferation and thus contributes to the pathogenesis of GD and presumably of other autoimmune diseases.
Enhanced thermal-effect resilience in distributed modal filtering large mode area photonic crystal fibers (2013)

In this work, a thorough numerical analysis of the impact of thermally-induced waveguide changes on the Single-Mode (SM) regime of the distributed modal filtering (DMF) photonic crystal fiber (PCF) has been performed by employing a full-vector modal solver based on the finite-element method, capable of taking into account the refractive index change on the fiber cross-section due to thermo-optic effect. Simulation results have been compared with those obtained for other rod-type fibers with a similar mode field diameter of about 65 μm.
ChemInform Abstract: Transformations of Alkyl 2‐(2,2‐Disubstituted‐ethenyl)amino‐3‐dimethylaminoprop‐2‐enoates: Synthesis of Alkyl 3,4‐Disubstituted‐ and Alkyl 1‐Acyl‐3,4‐disubstituted Pyrrole‐2‐carboxylates. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Clonal Selection of Metastasis within the Life History of a Tumor (2007)

Tumor metastasis is a clonally selective process that occurs as part of tumor progression, a hypothesis supported by experimental and clinical research. Data supporting this hypothesis were first introduced by Fidler and Kripke in the late 1970s ( [1][1]), providing a powerful model to gain insight
Electrical performance of a liquid helium-cooled transformer (1974)

The noise performance of an audio-frequency transformer cooled in liquid helium and combined with a low-noise amplifier is reported. It is found that the transformer, modified for operation at low temperatures, behaves nearly as a noiseless transformer for low source impedances. The minimum noise temperature of the transformer-amplifier combination is 1.8 K for a 3 Ω source resistance. The bandwidth of the cooled transformer is similar to that obtained at room temperature.
N<sub>2</sub>-fixing vibrios isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of sea urchins (1981)

Facultatively anaerobic bacteria, capable of fixing N2 anaerobically or at low O2 concentrations, were isolated from the gastrointestinal tracts of temperate (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) and tropical (Tripneustes ventricosus) sea urchins. Morphological and biochemical characteristics, as well as the guanine plus cytosine content of their DNA (45.9 and 48.4 mol%), place these isolates in the genus Vibrio Pacini 1865 in the family Vibrionaceae. Members of this family have not previously been shown to fix N2. These isolates are not identical to any described species in the Vibrio genus and can be distinguished by a combination of biochemical and physiological traits.
Analytical Footprints: Compact Representation of Elementary Singularities in Wavelet Bases (2010)

We introduce a family of elementary singularities that are point-Hölder α-regular. These singularities are self-similar and are the Green functions of fractional derivative operators; i.e., by suitable fractional differentiation, one retrieves a Dirac δ function at the exact location of the singularity. We propose to use fractional operator-like wavelets that act as a multiscale version of the derivative in order to characterize and localize singularities in the wavelet domain. We show that the characteristic signature when the wavelet interacts with an elementary singularity has an asymptotic closed-form expression, termed the analytical footprint. Practically, this means that the dictionary of wavelet footprints is embodied in a single analytical form. We show that the wavelet coefficients of the (nonredundant) decomposition can be fitted in a multiscale fashion to retrieve the parameters of the underlying singularity. We propose an algorithm based on stepwise parametric fitting and the feasibility of the approach to recover singular signal representations.
Remission of Chronic Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura after Treatment with Cyclophosphamide and Rituximab (2003)

Intensive immunosuppressive therapy can lead to sustained clinical remission in patients with refractory autoimmune TTP.
Persistence of immunological memory to soluble protein antigens. (1966)

The ability of rabbits to make a secondary response to certain protein antigens declines either not at all or very slowly with increase in time. The amount of precipitating antibody produced following a second injection of haemocyanin is the same whether the injection is given 2, 7 or 20 months after the primary injection. With BSA, the amount of precipitating antibody produced was the same when the second injection was given either 2 or 7 months after the primary injection, but rabbits given the second injection 20 months after the first produced 40 per cent less precipitating antibody. The level of binding anti-BSA (measured by ammonium sulphate precipitation) produced was not markedly different when the second injection was given, 2, 7 or 20 months after the first injection. Synthesis of antibody persisted in many of the rabbits for as long as 20 months after a single intravenous injection of either haemocyanin or BSA. The antibody to haemocyanin could be detected by precipitation whereas the ammonium sulphate technique had to be used to detect the antibody to BSA.
On the rectification of vibratory motion (2003)

The author establishes a theoretical framework for analyzing and classifying actuators which generate their output by rectifying small-amplitude mechanical vibrations such as might be generated by piezoelectric elements. These ideas are of interest when designing for microfabrication because motors based on these principles: (1) can generate translational output directly without use of rotary bearings; (2) appear to be scalable over several orders of magnitude of the length scale; and (3) appear to be capable of generating mechanical power proportional to driving frequency over several orders of magnitude of frequency. Achieving this performance is dependent on being able to fabricate features, or at least control surface irregularities, on the scale v/w where v is the velocity of the actuator and w is the operating frequency.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A case of occupational allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis unique to Japan (1990)

A 15-year-old female was diagnosed in 1980 as having allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) due to Aspergillus fumigatus based on Rosenberg and Patterson's criteria for the disease. The patient is the eldest daughter of a family of domestic brewers of soy sauce and bean paste in a small village, an occupation unique to Japan. The brewing process involved the use of Aspergillus oryzae as a fermenting agent. The patient had experienced episodic wheezing and pulmonary infiltrates during the same seasons in the previous three years, corresponding to the time of the highest A oryzae spore concentrations in the living area, suggesting high exposure to the Aspergillus spores in the aetiology of her exacerbations. She had a prominent family history of atopy and was demonstrated to be sensitive to a variety of aeroallergens in addition to A fumigatus. She was treated effectively by bronchial toiletting via broncho-fibrescope and theophylline medication until April 1981, when she moved to another city. During her life there, chest X-rays repeatedly showed abnormal shadows, and she was treated with inhalations of amphotericin B and bronchial toiletting several times at a hospital. She returned to her home town after seven years in April 1988 and visited the hospital to check her condition. Although she had been away from heavy exposure to A oryzae spores for seven years, precipitins to the culture medium of A oryzae were demonstrated to be far more prominent than those to A fumigatus antigen. Although her family had been exposed to A oryzae spores continuously, the patient was the only family member with ABPA due to A fumigatus and possibly due to A oryzae.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Coronary artery disease risk among obese metabolically healthy young men (2015)

Obesity may continue to contribute to increased risk for incident CAD in young men even in the presence of a healthy metabolic profile.
The quality and accuracy of a sample of public and commercial weather forecasts in the UK (1996)

Abstract At a time when the commercialisation of weather forecasting is proceeding at an alarming rate around the world, it is essential to review the quality and accuracy of weather forecasts to ensure that current standards are at least maintained. The privatisation of meteorological services in some countries (e.g. New Zealand) and the vigorous commercialisation of established Met. Offices such as in the United Kingdom, France and Sweden suggests that customer satisfaction, increased income and reduced expenditure will dominate the weather forecasting scene over the next decade. It is important that the quality of weather forecasts is closely monitored before and after commercialisation to ensure that the accuracy of weather forecasts continues to improve and that public weather forecasting does not suffer. The improved technologies for data collection such as weather satellites, weather radar, wind profilers, road weather information systems, sferics, etc. should make it easier to assess forecast accuracy ‐ but with the exception of road weather forecasts there is little sign that the new technology has been used for this purpose. The current accuracy of a sample of weather forecasts in the UK is discussed and a framework for publishing future weather forecast verification statistics is presented.
Circulating Primitive Stem Cells in Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) Are Predominantly Normal in Phenotype But Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Treatment Mobilizes Mainly PNH Stem Cells (1998)

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired hemolytic anemia resulting from a somatic mutation in a hemopoietic stem cell. In most cases of hemolytic PNH, the majority of the marrow cells are derived from the PNH clone. Recent evidence has indicated, however, that the majority of the most primitive peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) in PNH appear to be of normal phenotype. This has led to tentative suggestions that normal PBSCs could be collected and used for autologous transplantation. We have investigated this possibility in four PNH patients by treating them with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in an attempt to mobilize normal progenitors. The expression of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked proteins was analyzed by flow cytometry on mature neutrophils, late stem cells (CD34+/CD38+), and primitive stem cells (CD34+/CD38−). The phenotyping and stem cell quantitation was performed in steady-state blood and post–G-CSF administration. The most primitive PBSCs (CD34+/CD38−) were almost all normal before G-CSF treatment, even when the patients' neutrophils were mainly PNH. However, after G-CSF, the cells that were mobilized into the peripheral blood were of a similar phenotype to the mature neutrophils, ie, mainly PNH. It is possible that PNH-stem cells are preferentially destroyed by complement in the peripheral blood leaving only normal cells in the circulation. After G-CSF, the PNH cells in the marrow are released into the blood. Our findings suggest that it would be difficult to collect sufficient numbers of normal stem cells for autologous transplantation.
CNN with non-integer order cells (2002)

A new kind of cellular neural network (CNN) is introduced. Its feature consists of a state representation using q-order derivatives, with q being a non-integer quantity. This approach can be considered as a generalisation of the traditional CNN model, which is obtained from the one presented in the paper as a particular case setting q=1. It is shown that this more general CNN structure exhibits suitable performance in terms of processing speed. Various examples are reported to show the suitability of non-integer order CNNs.
Developmental regulation of spine and filopodial motility in primary visual cortex: Reduced effects of activity and sensory deprivation (2004)

Dendritic protrusions are highly motile during postnatal development. Although spine morphological plasticity could be associated with synaptic plasticity, the function of rapid spine/filopodial motility is still unknown. To investigate the role of spine motility in the development of the visual cortex and its relation with critical periods, we used two-photon imaging of neurons from layers receiving visual input in developing mouse primary visual cortex and compared motility between control and visually deprived animals. Spine and filopodia motility was prominent during early synaptogenesis (P11-P13) but greatly decreased after P15. This "switch" was coincident with a 2.5-fold increase in protrusion density and spine formation. Spine motility was not regulated during the critical period for monocular deprivation (P19-P34). Moreover, delaying the critical period by dark rearing did not delay the normal developmental decrease of spine motility, but caused a modest further reduction in motility at P28-P35. Dark rearing and enucleation also mildly reduced spine motility before eye opening and dark rearing reduced the proportion of filopodia. We conclude that (1) rapid spine motility is not related to critical period plasticity, but is likely to play a role in early synaptogenesis, and (2) neuronal activity stimulates spine motility during synaptogenesis and promotes the appearance of dendritic filopodia.
Cellular effectors mediating Th17-dependent clearance of pneumococcal colonization in mice (2009)

Microbial colonization of mucosal surfaces may be an initial event in the progression to disease, and it is often a transient process. For the extracellular pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae studied in a mouse model, nasopharyngeal carriage is eliminated over a period of weeks and requires cellular rather than humoral immunity. Here, we demonstrate that primary infection led to TLR2-dependent recruitment of monocyte/macrophages into the upper airway lumen, where they engulfed pneumococci. Pharmacologic depletion of luminal monocyte/macrophages by intranasal instillation of liposomal clodronate diminished pneumococcal clearance. Efficient clearance of colonization required TLR2 signaling to generate a population of pneumococcal-specific IL-17-expressing CD4+ T cells. Depletion of either IL-17A or CD4+ T cells was sufficient to block the recruitment of monocyte/macrophages that allowed for effective late pneumococcal clearance. In contrast with naive mice, previously colonized mice showed enhanced early clearance that correlated with a more robust influx of luminal neutrophils. As for primary colonization, these cellular responses required Th17 immunity. Our findings demonstrate that monocyte/macrophages and neutrophils recruited to the mucosal surface are key effectors in clearing primary and secondary bacterial colonization, respectively.
Optimal Design of Polishing Trace for Link-Type Optical Fiber Polisher (2011)

Mike Buzzetti proposes an optical fiber polisher which is a link-type mechanism with double flats in 1999. Buzzetti’s optical fiber polisher produce 8-shaped grinding traces to polish the end face of optical fiber connector. The purpose of this paper is to design the optimal polishing traces of single-plate optical fiber polisher to avoid the patent of Buzzetti’s mechanism. First, a link-type single-plate optical fiber polisher, which is consist 7 links and 8 joints, is proposed. Then, analyze the polishing trace, velocity, and acceleration of Buzzetti’s mechanism and new mechanism. Finally, we take the curvature scope percentage ( sp ) and the velocity deviation percentage (V dp ) as the objective functions, and use global search to achieve optimized design so that the double- crank single-plate optical fiber polisher will produce the optimum polishing trace which is like the digit “8”. The results of this paper are: (1) The velocity deviation percentage of double-crank single-flat optical fiber polisher (V dp = 61.8241%) is lower then the original mechanism (V dp = 76.8652%). And, (2) The maximum acceleration of double-crank single-flat optical fiber polisher ( a max = 1231 cm/s 2 ) is lower then the original mechanism ( a max = 2323.0 cm /sec 2 ). The result indicates that the polishing effect of the double-crank single-flat optical fiber polisher is better then original mechanism.
Effects of Physical Parameters of Fulguration on Electrophysiological and Anatomical Properties of Canine Myocardium (1986)

In order to determine the respective roles of catheter (Ct) physical properties and of energy levels in myocardial effects of fulguration, we delivered an electrical shock between the tip electrode of a Ct placed at the apex of the right ventricle and a large cutaneous cathodal electrode in 12 dogs. Two energy levels were used: Group A = 25 J (n = 6) and group B = 100 J (n = 6), and three Cts were studied. These Cts had different resistances (R) and active surface electrodes (S): Ct 1 (R = 0.3 omega, S = 12 mm2), Ct 2 (R = 0.3 omega, S = 2 mm2), Ct 3 (R = 2 omega, S = 13 mm2). Complex ventricular arrhythmias were observed in 5/6 cases at 100 J but only in 1/6 cases at 25 J and were independent of the Ct type. Following the shock, the effective ventricular refractory period (S1 S1 = 300 msec) increased significantly only at 100 J (11%, p = 0.03). Anatomical lesions were wider (10.6 vs. 5.2 mm, p less than 0.05) and deeper (100 vs. 55%, p less than 0.05) in the 100 J group. In contrast, there was no significant difference in the electrophysiological and anatomical changes between the three Cts. In conclusion, arrhythmogenic adverse effects of ventricular Ct fulguration are related to the delivered energy; on the contrary, they seem only slightly dependent on Ct physical properties at these energy levels; a 2 J/kg shock is not only effective but also seems to be safe.
Alveolar Macrophage Release of Tumor Necrosis Factor during Murine <i>Pneumocystis carinii</i> Pneumonia (1993)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a proinflammatory cytokine produced principally by mononuclear cells, is released in response to a variety of pulmonary pathogens. We hypothesized that release of TNF in the lung is a normal part of the host response to intratracheal challenge with Pneumocystis carinii. To test this hypothesis, we measured TNF in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in normal and CD4-depleted mice at various intervals in acute and chronically infected animals. To assess the cell of origin and the control of TNF release in the lung, we measured mRNA for TNF by a competitive polymerase chain reaction and assessed the capacity of adherence-enriched cells to produce TNF in vitro in response to lipopolysaccharide. Our data demonstrate that TNF peaks at 3 h in both control and CD4-depleted mice after acute challenge with P. carinii and this increase in TNF precedes the influx of inflammatory cells into the lung. TNF levels in BALF return to undetectable levels by day 3. In chronically infected animals, there is a 5-fold increase in mRNA for TNF in adherent cells which is associated with an increased capacity to release TNF in vitro. These data suggest that TNF is a normal host response to P. carinii infection; however, there is no difference in acute TNF release between control animals that clear their infection and CD4-depleted animals that develop chronic infection. TNF is upregulated in chronically infected animals, but CD4 depletion results in the loss of additional host factors essential for resolution of this infection.
SCIENTIFIC PARALLEL COMPUTING WITH TRANSPUTER NETWORKS (1989)

This paper describes research conducted at ONERA using the Transputer as building block for experimentation in the field of scientific multiprocessing. The first part describes our experimental systems based on T800–20 Transputers and gives performance measurements of some kernel operations. The second part is devoted to the implementation of two simulation codes on a network of forty Transputers. The first concerns a finite element dynamic analysis of a large scale structural problem. The aim is to compute the dynamic response of a clamped cylindrical beam subjected to a time dependent force. The second code simulates the behaviour of particles in an accelerator. This chromaticity correction code, called PATRICIA [17], has been adapted to our multi-Transputer system. All these experiments were conducted using OCCAM2, the parallel programming language of the Transputer.
Identification of Novel Regulators Associated With Early-Phase Osteoblast Differentiation (2004)

A total of 184 genes and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were differentially expressed in the first 24 h after BMP2 treatment and grouped in subsets of immediate early, intermediate early, and late early response genes. Signal transduction regulatory factors mainly represented the subset of immediate early genes. Regulation of expression of these genes was direct, independent of de novo protein synthesis and independent of the cell type studied. The intermediate early and late early genes consisted primarily of genes related to processes that modulate morphology, basement membrane formation, and synthesis of extracellular calcified matrix. The late early genes require de novo protein synthesis and show osteoblast specificity. In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that the transcription factors Hey1 and Tcf7 exhibited expression characteristics and cell type specificity very similar to those of the osteoblast specific transcription factor Cbfa1, and constitutive expression of Tcf7 in C2C12 cells differentially regulated osteoblast differentiation marker genes.