gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of light wave diffraction in a waveguide plane by optically induced dynamic gratings (1982)

An investigation is made of the feasibility of controlling radiation propagating in a planar waveguide by using dynamic diffraction gratings formed by nonequilibrium charge carriers induced by light inside the waveguide as a result of one- and two-photon absorption of optical power. A diffraction efficiency of 45% is reported for the TM0 mode in a GaAs1–xPx waveguide.
Studies on Enzymatic Liquefaction and Saccharification of Starch (1968)

Liquefaction of corn starch is generally considered to be difficult to achieve. A double enzyme system, a combination of bacterial alpha-amylase and fungal glucoamylase, was tested for the production of dextrose from corn starch. The former liquefies starch and the latter hydrolyzes further into glucose Particularly various conditions for liquefaction of corn starch were examined. As criteria of solubilization of starch molecule, turbidity of filtrate obtained while the solution was hot, iodine coloration value, filterability and turbidity of the saccharified solution after the addition of alcohol were measured. Starch slurry containing bacterial alpha-amylase was poured continuously in fine stream into hot water with vigorous agitation. Liquefaction at 92°C was better than at 87°C for dissolving corn starch. It was indispensable to apply heat treatment under high pressure after liquefaction followed by the second addition of bacterial alpha-amylase at 90°C to render remaining tightly bound starch micelle to be broken down. Heat treatment was continued at 120°C or at higher temperature. Then, solution was cooled rapidly down to about 90°C. Immediately bacterial alpha-amylase was added. In case the second addition of bacterial alpha-amylase was carried out after cooling to 55°C or after holding for 10 min at 80°C, no effect was observed by the second addition. These findings were confirmed in the experiments on commercial production scale.
Recognizing the Degree of Human Attention Using EEG Signals from Mobile Sensors (2013)

During the learning process, whether students remain attentive throughout instruction generally influences their learning efficacy. If teachers can instantly identify whether students are attentive they can be suitably reminded to remain focused, thereby improving their learning effects. Traditional teaching methods generally require that teachers observe students' expressions to determine whether they are attentively learning. However, this method is often inaccurate and increases the burden on teachers. With the development of electroencephalography (EEG) detection tools, mobile brainwave sensors have become mature and affordable equipment. Therefore, in this study, whether students are attentive or inattentive during instruction is determined by observing their EEG signals. Because distinguishing between attentiveness and inattentiveness is challenging, two scenarios were developed for this study to measure the subjects' EEG signals when attentive and inattentive. After collecting EEG data using mobile sensors, various common features were extracted from the raw data. A support vector machine (SVM) classifier was used to calculate and analyze these features to identify the combination of features that best indicates whether students are attentive. Based on the experiment results, the method proposed in this study provides a classification accuracy of up to 76.82%. The study results can be used as a reference for learning system designs in the future.
Scanning Electron Microscopy (2012)

Abstract The chapter first introduces the SEM (scanning electron microscopy) method and the characteristics of different SEM techniques. Then, its applications in investigating supramolecular systems — including supramolecular organogels; liquid crystals and polymers; nanoscaled self‐assembled tubes, rods, ribbons, and spheres; and supramolecular chirality — are provided, which stresses the usefulness of SEM in observing their morphologies and helping to establish the self‐assembling mechanisms.
WAVEGUIDE LIGHT SCATTERING METHOD AS A BEST WAY FOR RESEARCH OF THE STATISTIC IRREGULARITIES OF INTEGRATED- OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES (2010)

The phenomenon of the waveguide light scattering in the irregular planar integrated-optical waveguide is investigated. The s olution of the direct scattering problem is fined with the help of the theory of per turbations. The inverse waveguide scattering problem consists in restoring of spectra l density function and/or autocorrelation function of waveguide's irregularit ies and determination of irregularities' parameters by the measuring data of radiating field in the far zone. The computer simulation and experimental results allow approving, that our method permits to receive an approximate correct solution of the inverse scattering problem with the rms error of restoring of the given autoco rrelation functions no more than 35% in the presence of high real noise (for SNR ≥ 1). The statistic parameters of irregularities in this case are determined with the error less than 15-30 %.
Watersheds and the Integration of U.S. Water Law and Policy: Bridging the Great Divides (2000)

It is difficult to imagine a legal and policy regime as fractured as that used to govern water resources in the United States. Connected issues are addressed without coordination, and authority is divided among federal, state, and local entities that have little incentive to coordinate their interrelated actions.
Kim Oanh Nguyen. Contrat didactique et discours professoral en classe de langue. Le cas des classes de français dans l'enseignement intensif du français et en français au collège vietnamien. Thèse de doctorat soutenue sous la direction de Régine Delamotte, à l'Université de Rouen, le 13 septembre 2002 (2003)

Plane Sylvie. Kim Oanh Nguyen. Contrat didactique et discours professoral en classe de langue. Le cas des classes de français dans l'enseignement intensif du français et en français au collège vietnamien. Thèse de doctorat soutenue sous la direction de Régine Delamotte, à l'Université de Rouen, le 13 septembre 2002. In: La Lettre de l'AIRDF, n°33, 2003/2. pp. 39-40.
B7-H4 promotes tumor growth and metastatic progression in lung cancer by impacting cell proliferation and survival (2017)

Aberrant expression of B7-H4 occurs across a broad spectrum of human cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the key role of B7-H4 during tumorigenesis and metastasis of human lung cancer. Our data showed that the shRNA-mediated disruption of B7-H4 markedly inhibited tumor cell proliferation, invasion and migration, increased cell apoptosis and arrested cell cycle at G0/G1. These changes were accompanied by a marked increase in Bax and caspase-3/caspase-8, but a decrease in Bcl-2, cyclinD1 and activation of AKT. In addition, our shRNA-mediated disruption of B7-H4 led to a marked decrease in tumor growth in the immune-compromised mice. Importantly, B7-H4 was expressed in 53.33% of lung carcinomas from our patient cohort (n = 90), but not in any of adjacent non-cancerous tissues, according to our IHC analyses. In particular, B7-H4 expression appeared to be associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.008) and TNM stage (P = 0.012). Taken together, our study demonstrates a strong promoting role of B7-H4 in lung tumor growth, progression and metastasis, and supports its potential as a therapeutic target for the treatment of the disease.
Nested image steganography scheme using QR-barcode technique (2009)

In this paper, QR bar code and image processing techniques are used to construct a nested steganography scheme. There are two types of secret data (lossless and lossy) embedded into a cover image. The lossless data is text that is first encoded by the QR barcode; its data does not have any distortion when comparing with the extracted data and original data. The lossy data is a kind of image; the face image is suitable for our case. Because the extracted text is lossless, the error correction rate of QR encoding must be carefully designed. We found a 25% error correction rate is suitable for our goal. In image embedding, because it can sustain minor perceptible distortion, we thus adopted the lower nibble byte discard of the face image to reduce the secret data. When the image is extracted, we use a median filter to filter out the noise and obtain a smoother image quality. After simulation, it is evident that our scheme is robust to JPEG attacks. Compared to other steganography schemes, our proposed method has three advantages: (i) the nested scheme is an enhanced security system never previously developed; (ii) our scheme can conceal lossless and lossy secret data into a cover image simultaneously; and (iii) the QR barcode used as secret data can widely extend this method's application fields.
Studying Social Tagging and Folksonomy: A Review and Framework (2009)

This paper reviews research into social tagging and folksonomy (as reflected in about 180 sources published through December 2007).Methods of researching the contribution of social tagging and folksonomy are described, and outstanding research questions are presented.This is a new area of research, where theoretical perspectives and relevant research methods are only now being defined.This paper provides a framework for the study of folksonomy, tagging and social tagging systems.Three broad approaches are identified, focusing first, on the folksonomy itself (and the role of user tags in indexing and retrieval); secondly, on tagging (and the behaviour of users); and thirdly, on the nature of social tagging systems (as socio-technical frameworks).
Rebel's ballets (2010)

These two editions of Les Caractères de la Dance (1715) and Les Elémens (1737) by Jean-Féry Rebel (1666–1747) combine facsimiles of original source material with a modern score. This is a perfect combination: the performer has the advantage of a score clearly set out using clefs current today but can cross-refer to the original sources. Better still, sets of parts from the modern score are available for both editions. Rebel took Paris by storm with his choreographed simphonies. In his avertissement to Les Elémens, he writes of the combined impact made by ‘the different musical genres and the dancers’ costumes and steps’. A large part of his success was due to the fact that he worked closely with the leading dancers of his day, in the first instance Françoise Prévost (1680–1741), of whom Pierre Rameau wrote: ‘all the advice which, after long meditation, we can offer in regard...
Energy efficient online deadline scheduling (2007)

This paper extends the study of online algorithms for energy-efficient deadline scheduling to the overloaded setting. Specifically, we consider a processor that can vary its speed between 0 and a maximum speed T to minimize its energy usage (of which the rate is roughly a cubic function of the speed). As the speed is upper bounded, the system may be overloaded with jobs and no scheduling algorithms can meet the deadlines of all jobs. An optimal schedule is expected to maximize the throughput, and furthermore, its energy usage should be the smallest among all schedules that achieve the maximum throughput. In designing a scheduling algorithm, one has to face the dilemma of selecting more jobs and being conservative in energy usage. Even if we ignore energy usage, the best possible online algorithm is 4-competitive on throughput [12]. On the other hand, existing work on energy-efficient scheduling focuses on minimizing the energy to complete all jobs on a processor with unbounded speed, giving several O(1)-competitive algorithms with respect to the energy usage [2, 20]. This paper presents the first online algorithm for the more realistic setting where processor speed is bounded and the system may be overloaded; the algorithm is O(1)-competitive on both throughput and energy usage. If the maximum speed of the online scheduler is relaxed slightly to (1 + e)T for some e > 0, we can improve the competitive ratio on throughput to arbitrarily close to one, while maintaining O(1)-competitive on energy usage.
A SiGe micromixer for 2.4/5.2/5.7‐GHz multiband WLAN applications (2004)

Abstract A SiGe micromixer for 2.4/5.2/5.7‐GHz multiband WLAN applications is demonstrated for the first time. Our experimental results show that the input return loss | S 11 | is below −18 dB from DC to 20 GHz with voltage gains of 32, 26, and 25 dB at frequencies of 2.4, 5.2, and 5.7 GHz, respectively. The wideband matching characteristic makes the micromixer very suitable for multiband applications. Input P 1dB = −14 dBm and IIP 3 = −6 dBm. Port‐to‐port isolation is also quite satisfactory. In addition, the single‐to‐differential input stage in the Gilbert micromixer eliminates the need for common‐mode rejection. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 343–346, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20136
CASCADE: Cluster-Based Accurate Syntactic Compression of Aggregated Data in VANETs (2008)

We present a method for accurate aggregation of highway traffic information in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). Highway congestion notification applications need to disseminate information about traffic conditions to distant vehicles. In dense traffic, aggregation is needed to allow a single frame to carry information about a large number of vehicles. Our technique, CASCADE, uses compression to provide aggregation without losing accuracy. We show that CASCADE makes efficient use of the wireless channel while providing each vehicle with data that is highly accurate, represents a large area in front of the vehicle, and can be combined with aggregated data from other vehicles to further extend the covered area.
[No-reflow phenomenon in the practice of an endovascular surgeon]. (2014)

No-reflow phenomenon is a complication of percutaneous coronary intervention and is the absence of distal coronary bed filling. The main cause of this phenomenon is distal embolism of the coronary artery by atheromatous and thrombotic masses. The paper gives different classifications for evaluation of myocardial and coronary reperfusion. The use of aspiration catheters, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors and other drugs that affect prognosis in patients with this phenomenon is also touched upon.
Cardiac Arrest (1950)

WITHIN the last decade there has been an increased effort on the part of surgical teams to recognize acute cardiac arrest on the operating table. There are very few emergencies that require such prompt treatment. Few patients can survive the anoxia produced by more than three minutes of cardiac standstill.1 , 2 To re-establish circulation within this brief period the anesthetist must recognize or suspect the condition and immediately notify the surgeon. It is preferable to be mistaken on many occasions than to lose time in a case of true arrest. The surgeon, if working in the abdomen or chest, must quickly . . .
Comparison of encoding techniques for transmission of image data obtained using compressed sensing in wireless sensor networks (2013)

The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has limitations in bandwidth and computational resources as they have limited communication and storage capabilities. WSN consists of cameras, which have some local image processing and one or more central computers, where image data from multiple cameras is further processed and fused. Because of these limitations, the encoding techniques used for transmitting the image data should be efficient in order to make use of the available resources properly. A new sampling method is also introduced in the Image/video encoder of the WSN called Compressed Sensing (CS), which is the process of acquiring and reconstructing a signal that is supposed to be sparse or compressible, thus reducing the computational complexity. The image is divided into dense and sparse components by applying 2 levels of wavelet transform. The dense component uses the standard encoding procedure such as JPEG and the sparse measurements obtained from the sparse components are encoded by the techniques such as Exponential Golomb coding followed by Run-length encoding and arithmetic coding and the performances in terms of compression ratio and bits per pixel are compared. The recovery algorithm may be anyone supporting the compressed sensing technique such as OMP, POCS etc. In this work, the measurements (used in CS) and the predicted sparse components as the initial values, the projection onto convex set (POCS) recovery algorithm is used to get back the original sparse components of two levels and hence the original image by applying the inverse of transform to the dense and recovered sparse components.
Differential Ability of Exogenous Chemotactic Agents to Disrupt Transendothelial Migration of Flowing Neutrophils (2000)

Neutrophils migrate through endothelium using an ordered sequence of adhesive interactions and activating signals. To investigate the consequences of disruption of this sequence, we characterized adhesion and migration of neutrophils perfused over HUVEC that had been treated with TNF-alpha for 4 h and evaluated changes caused by exogenously added chemotactic agents. When HUVEC were treated with 2 U/ml TNF, flowing neutrophils adhered, with the majority rolling and relatively few migrating through the monolayer. If fMLP, IL-8, zymosan-activated plasma (a source of activated complement factor C5a), epithelial cell-derived neutrophil-activating peptide (ENA-78), or growth-regulating oncogene, GRO-alpha, was perfused over these neutrophils, they stopped rolling and rapidly migrated over the monolayer, but did not penetrate it. When HUVEC were treated with 100 U/ml TNF, the majority of adherent neutrophils transmigrated. If neutrophils were treated with fMLP, IL-8, C5a, ENA-78, or GRO-alpha just before perfusion over this HUVEC, transmigration, but not adhesion, was abolished. However, when platelet-activating factor was used to activate neutrophils, migration through HUVEC treated with 100 U/ml TNF was not impaired, and migration through HUVEC treated with 2 U/ml TNF was actually increased. Transmigration required ligation of CXC chemokine receptor-2 on neutrophils, and differential desensitization of this receptor (e.g., by fMLP but not platelet-activating factor) may explain the pattern of disruption of migration. Thus, transmigration may require presentation of the correct activators in the correct sequence, and inappropriate activation (e.g., by systemic activators) could cause pathological accumulation of neutrophils in the vessel lumen.
Social Science: An Imperfect Art (1995)

Politics is almost always, in some measure, an argument about the future. And we cannot escape either the normative debates as to what kind of future we may want, or the empirical assessments as to the kinds of futures that may come. But how do we understand "the future"? One can assume that all outcomes are chance (or there are some magical formulas, like mantras of the rainmakers, to compel the clouds of nature).
Prolonged Respiratory Symptoms in Clean-up Workers of the <i>Prestige</i> Oil Spill (2007)

Participation in clean-up work of oil spills may result in prolonged respiratory symptoms that last 1 to 2 years after exposure.
Fatigue testing of a component lead in a plated through hole (2003)

A study to relate printed-wiring-board life as a function of solder joint fatigue is reported on. The results of the study indicate that the solderability of leads have a significant impact on reliability. All of the test specimens had bright and shiny solder fillets; this is found to be an unreliable inspection criteria for quality control. It is concluded that additional testing needs to be done at the lower deflection levels to determine the shape of the S-N curve. Testing with different levels of known lead solderability would help quantify the effect of solderability on life. It is suggested that joints be formed with more conventional techniques such as vapor-phase soldering or wave soldering.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ISDN standardization (1991)

The history and achievements of ISDN (integrated services digital network) standardization in the CCITT are reviewed. Two of the most important developments, ISDN basic and supplementary services and broadband ISDN, are focused upon. The underlying concepts in the discussions of ISDN standardization are briefly explained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Proton-Translocating Pumps of Oxidative Phosphorylation (1980)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
<title>Agile automated vision</title> (1994)

The microelectronic industry is a protagonist in driving automated vision to new paradigms. Today semiconductor manufacturers use vision systems quite frequently in their fabs in the front-end process. In fact, the process depends on reliable image processing systems. In the back-end process, where ICs are assembled and packaged, today vision systems are only partly used. But in the next years automated vision will become compulsory for the back-end process as well. Vision will be fully integrated into every IC package production machine to increase yields and reduce costs. Modem high-speed material processing requires dedicated and efficient concepts in image processing. But the integration of various equipment in a production plant leads to unifying handling of data flow and interfaces. Only agile vision systems can act with these contradictions: fast, reliable, adaptable, scalable and comprehensive. A powerful hardware platform is a unneglectable requirement for the use of advanced and reliable, but unfortunately computing intensive image processing algorithms. The massively parallel SIMD hardware product LANTERN/VME supplies a powerful platform for existing and new functionality. LANTERN/VME is used with a new optical sensor for IC package lead inspection. This is done in 3D, including horizontal and coplanarity inspection. The appropriate software is designed for lead inspection, alignment and control tasks in IC package production and handling equipment, like Trim&Form, Tape&Reel and Pick&Place machines.
The translation of DNA primary base sequence into three-dimensional structure (1988)

A procedure is outlined to obtain a reliable computer-generated representation of the DNA duplex from its primary sequence of base pairs. The calculations are based on the potential energies of interaction of adjacent side groups. The methods are, however, completely general and can be adapted to any set of base sequence dependent conformational rules. Static representations of the DNA are compared with the distributions of conformations obtained from Monte Carlo simulation studies. Direct matrix generator calculations of the average (equilibrium) extension and orientation of various sequences and numerical estimates of the flexibility of the chains as a whole are also reported. The methods are applied to three short fragments of kinetoplast DNA from Crithidia fasciculata which exhibit dramatically different behavior on non-denaturing polyacrylamide gels.