gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of a future H <sub>2</sub> -based road transportation sector on the composition and chemistry of the atmosphere – Part 1: Tropospheric composition and air quality (2013)

Abstract. Vehicles burning fossil fuel emit a number of substances that change the composition and chemistry of the atmosphere, and contribute to global air and water pollution and climate change. For example, nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted as byproducts of fossil fuel combustion are key precursors to ground-level ozone and aerosol formation. In addition, on-road vehicles are major CO2 emitters. In order to tackle these problems, molecular hydrogen (H2) has been proposed as an energy carrier to substitute for fossil fuels in the future. However, before implementing any such strategy it is crucial to evaluate its potential impacts on air quality and climate. Here, we evaluate the impact of a future (2050) H2-based road transportation sector on tropospheric chemistry and air quality for several possible growth and technology adoption scenarios. The growth scenarios are based on the high and low emissions Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emissions Scenarios, A1FI and B1, respectively. The technological adoption scenarios include H2 fuel cell and H2 internal combustion engine options. The impacts are evaluated with the Community Atmospheric Model Chemistry global chemistry transport model (CAM-Chem). Higher resolution simulations focusing on the contiguous United States are also carried out with the Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System (CMAQ) regional chemistry transport model. For all scenarios future air quality improves with the adoption of a H2-based road transportation sector; however, the magnitude and type of improvement depend on the scenario. Model results show that the adoption of H2 fuel cells would decrease tropospheric burdens of ozone (7%), CO (14%), NOx (16%), soot (17%), sulfate aerosol (4%), and ammonium nitrate aerosol (12%) in the A1FI scenario, and would decrease those of ozone (5%), CO (4%), NOx (11%), soot (7%), sulfate aerosol (4%), and ammonium nitrate aerosol (9%) in the B1 scenario. The adoption of H2 internal combustion engines would decrease tropospheric burdens of ozone (1%), CO (18%), soot (17%), and sulfate aerosol (3%) in the A1FI scenario, and would decrease those of ozone (1%), CO (7%), soot (7%), and sulfate aerosol (3%) in the B1 scenario. In the future, people residing in the contiguous United States could expect to experience significantly fewer days of elevated levels of pollution if a H2 fuel cell road transportation sector were to be adopted. Health benefits of transitioning to a H2 economy for citizens in developing nations, like China and India, will be much more dramatic, particularly in megacities with severe, intensifying air-quality problems.
Benzyne formation by desulfamylation (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBenzyne formation by desulfamylationJoseph Weinstock and Nelson C. F. YimCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 6, 2547–2548Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01270a096https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01270a096research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views112Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Agarless Medium for Mass Rearing the Red-Banded Leaf Roller12 (1967)

Journal Article Agarless Medium for Mass Rearing the Red-Banded Leaf Roller Get access Wendell L. Roelofs Wendell L. Roelofs New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 60, Issue 5, 1 October 1967, Pages 1477–1478, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/60.5.1477 Published: 01 October 1967 Article history Accepted: 22 May 1967 Published: 01 October 1967
Millimeter-Wave Silicon IMPATT Sources and Combiners for the 110-260-GHz Range (1981)

This paper reports recent progress in CVV and pulsed silicon IMPATT sources in the 110-260-GHz frequency range. Pulsed output power levels of 3, 1.3, and 0.7 W, and CW output power levels of 110, 60, and 25 mW have been consistently achieved from single-drift IMPATT diodes at 140, 170, and 217 GHz, respectively. A Read-type IMPATT diode that generated good output power over a wide frequency range was fabricated. A bridged double-quartz standoff package was developed and successfully used for the entire frequency range. Power combiners at center frequencies of 140 and 217 GHz were developed with peak output power of 9.2 and 1 W, respectively.
Navy applications for terrestrial photovoltaic solar power (1976)

The U.S. Army Mobility Equipment Research and Development Center (MERDC), Fort Belvoir has been tasked by the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Installations and Logistics) with Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) funds to prepare a Department of Defense proposal for installing terrestrial solar photovoltaic power in DoD operational systems. This report describes a survey made by the Radiation Effects Branch of the Radiation Technology Division to identify specific terrestrial solar photovoltaic power applications appropriate to DoD operational systems and facilities.
Contextual high-resolution image classification by Markovian data fusion, adaptive texture extraction, and multiscale segmentation (2011)

Spatial-contextual classification methods based either on stochastic Markov random field (MRF) models, on texture analysis, or on region-based processing are important tools for high-resolution multispectral image analysis. In this paper, a novel supervised classification technique is proposed, that integrates the MRF, texture-based, and region-based approaches to contextual image classification in a unique multiscale framework. A previous method, based on the combination of MRFs with multiscale segmentation, is generalized and integrated with the multivariate semivariogram approach to texture analysis. In order to minimize the impact of texture-extraction artifacts at the spatial edges between different classes, an adaptive semivariogram-estimation technique is also developed and iteratively incorporated in the proposed classifier. Experiments are presented with IKONOS images.
New Antifertility Agents. 2,3-Diphenylbenzofurans<sup>1a</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew Antifertility Agents. 2,3-Diphenylbenzofurans1aP. K. Grover, H. P. S. Chawla, Nitya Anand, V. P. Kamboj, and Amiya B. KarCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1965, 8, 5, 720–721Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00329a045https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00329a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views75Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Roboser - An Autonomous Interactive Musical Composition System (2000)

This paper describes Roboser (http://www.roboser.com), an autonomous interactive music composition system. The core of the system comprises two components: a program for simulating large-scale neural networks, and an algorithmic composition system. Both components operate in real-time. Data from e.g. cameras, microphones and pressure sensors enter the simulated neural system, which is also used to actively control motor devices such as pantilt cameras and robots. The neural system relays data representing its current operational state on to the algorithmic composition system. The composition system in turn generates musical expressions of these neural states within an a priori stylistic framework. The result is a real-time system controlled by a brain-like structure that behaves and interacts within a given environment and expresses its internal states through music.
A biosensor fabricated by incorporation of a redox mediator into a carbon nanotube/nafion composite for tyrosinase immobilization: detection of matairesinol, an endocrine disruptor (2012)

An electrochemical matairesinol biosensor was fabricated by immobilizing tyrosinase on a poly(thionine)/nafion/multi-walled carbon nanotube composite film. A polymeric film of the redox dye thionine enables the stable immobilization of tyrosinase while acting as a mediator for the enzymatic process has been incorporated into the carbon nanotube/nafion composite film. The immobilization method is based on crosslinking of the tyrosinase layer with an electropolymerized film of poly(thionine). The good homogenization of the electron conductor CNTs in the integrated films provides the possibility of a three-dimensional electron conductive network. The biosensor was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electrochemical characterization. The composite electrode exhibits catalytic activity, high sensitivity, stability and is applicable over a wide range of concentrations from 180 nM to 4.33 μM with a detection limit (LOD) of 37 nM. The obtained results suggest that the developed sensor can be successfully used for the determination of phenolic endocrine disruptors over a concentration range covering their environmental levels.
Physical Properties of Encapsulated Spray‐Dried Milkfat (1994)

ABSTRACT Spray‐dried encapsulated milk fat powders were prepared from stable emulsions containing 40‐60% milk fat and carbohydrate matrices. Moisture content of the spray‐dried powders varied from 1‐4%. Lowest free fat content (<10%) was found in powders with 40% fat, encapsulated in sucrose. Angles of repose ranged from 37 to 46°, and correlated with powder flow (p = 0.01). Bulk density was dependent on the encapsulant and declined with increasing fat content. Product density did not influence powder recovery through the cyclone of the dryer. Particle size distribution ranged from 20 to 120 μm with 80% of the particles < 100 μm. Powders with best physical properties were made with 40‐50% butteroil encapsulated in sucrose.
Electron Cryotomography of Bacterial Cells (2010)

While much is already known about the basic metabolism of bacterial cells, many fundamental questions are still surprisingly unanswered, including for instance how they generate and maintain specific cell shapes, establish polarity, segregate their genomes, and divide. In order to understand these phenomena, imaging technologies are needed that bridge the resolution gap between fluorescence light microscopy and higher-resolution methods such as X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy. Electron cryotomography (ECT) is an emerging technology that does just this, allowing the ultrastructure of cells to be visualized in a near-native state, in three dimensions (3D), with "macromolecular" resolution (~4nm).1, 2 In ECT, cells are imaged in a vitreous, "frozen-hydrated" state in a cryo transmission electron microscope (cryoTEM) at low temperature (< -180°C). For slender cells (up to ~500 nm in thickness3), intact cells are plunge-frozen within media across EM grids in cryogens such as ethane or ethane/propane mixtures. Thicker cells and biofilms can also be imaged in a vitreous state by first "high-pressure freezing" and then, "cryo-sectioning" them. A series of two-dimensional projection images are then collected through the sample as it is incrementally tilted along one or two axes. A three-dimensional reconstruction, or "tomogram" can then be calculated from the images. While ECT requires expensive instrumentation, in recent years, it has been used in a few labs to reveal the structures of various external appendages, the structures of different cell envelopes, the positions and structures of cytoskeletal filaments, and the locations and architectures of large macromolecular assemblies such as flagellar motors, internal compartments and chemoreceptor arrays.1, 2 In this video article we illustrate how to image cells with ECT, including the processes of sample preparation, data collection, tomogram reconstruction, and interpretation of the results through segmentation and in some cases correlation with light microscopy.
Flaxseed and Cardiovascular Health (2009)

Flaxseed and its components may improve cardiovascular health because of their numerous attributes. Flaxseed contains 35% of its mass as oil, of which 55% is alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). Flax meal, which is devoid of oil, contains the lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG). Flaxseed, flaxseed with very low ALA, flaxseed oil, flax lignan complex (FLC), and SDG reduce the development of hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis by 46%, 69%, 0%, 73%, and 34%, respectively, in the rabbit model. FLC and SDG slow the progression of atherosclerosis but have no effect in regression of atherosclerosis. Suppression of atherosclerosis by flaxseed is the result of its lignan content and not the result of ALA content. Suppression of atherosclerosis is associated with lowering of serum lipids and antioxidant activity. Effects of flaxseed on serum lipids in experimental animals are variable from no change to slight reduction. Flaxseed oil does not affect serum lipids, except for a slight reduction in serum triglycerides. Lignan in general reduces serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and raises serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. SDG and its metabolites have antioxidant activity. Flaxseed and flaxseed oil do not have antioxidant activity except they suppress oxygen radical production by white blood cells. Flaxseed oil/ALA has variable effects on inflammatory mediators/markers (interleukin [IL]-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, C-reactive protein, and serum amyloid A). Doses of ALA less than 14 g/d do not affect inflammatory mediators/markers, but 14 g/d or greater reduce inflammatory mediators/markers. Flaxseed oil decreases soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 but has no effect on soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1, soluble E-selectin, and monocyte colony-stimulating factor. Flaxseed has variable effects on IL-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. FLC reduces plasma levels of C-reactive protein but has no effects on IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, or monocyte chemoattractant protein. Flaxseed has a very small hypotensive effect, but flaxseed oil does not lower blood pressure. However, SDG is a very potent hypotensive agent. Flaxseed oil decreases platelet aggregation and increases platelet activating inhibitor-1 and bleeding time. Flaxseed and FLC have no effect on the hemopoietic system. SDG is a potent angiogenic and antiapoptotic agent that may have a role in cardioprotection in ischemic heart disease. In conclusion, flaxseed, FLC, and SDG, but not flaxseed oil, suppress atherosclerosis, and FLC and SDG slow progression of atherosclerosis but have no effect on regression. Flaxseed oil suppresses oxygen radical production by white blood cells, prolongs bleeding time, and in higher doses suppresses serum levels of inflammatory mediators and does not lower serum lipids.
Modeling of coalescence in polymer blends (2002)

Abstract Coalescence in polymer blends was modeled by combining population dynamics with three coalescence theories: Smoluchowski, trajectory, and film drainage. Modeling results are compared with our previous coalescence experiments on polystyrene/high density polyethylene blends. Comparison of the Smoluchowski theory (no hydrodynamic interactions) with our experiments reveals that ideal collisions are the main mechanism of coalescence. Coalescence efficiency, however, decreases with increasing shear rate and particle‐size difference. Most interestingly, increasing the ratio of particle to matrix viscosity causes coalescence efficiency first to increase and then to decrease. The effects of particle‐size difference on coalescence efficiency can be modeled by considering changes in trajectory due to hydrodynamic interactions between particles. By considering particle deformation, film drainage theory predicts that coalescence efficiency decreases with increasing shear rate. Comparison with the experiments was only qualitatively correct. However, the prediction that coalescence efficiency decreases with increasing the viscosity ratio by both the trajectory theory and film drainage theory is not consistent with the experimental results. The reasons for the disagreements are discussed in terms of large deformation of colliding particles.
ChemInform Abstract: An Enantioselective Synthesis of Isoquinuclidines from 3‐Substituted Chiral Pyridinium Salts. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Occupational Ergonomics (2003)

Ergonomics. The Ergonomics of System Design. A Guide to Scientific Sources of Ergonomics Knowledge. A Guide to Certification in Professional Ergonomics. Effective Use of the World Wide Web. Professional Ergonomics Issues. Development of Ergonomics Programs. Design of Information Devices and Controls. Engineering Anthropometry. Occupational Biomechanics. Human Strength Evaluation. Methods Based on Maximum Holding Time for Evaluation of Working Postures. Low-Level Static Exertions. Job Demands and Physical Fitness. Psychosocial Work Factors. Cognitive Factors. Task Analysis. Computer-Based Tool for Practical Ergonomic Job Analysis. Job or Task Analysis for Risk Factors of Musculoskeletal Disorders. The AET Method of Job Evaluation. Worker Strength Evaluation. Dynamic Workplace Factors in Manual Lifting. Push-Pull Force Limits. Force Exertion in User-Product Interaction. Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). OWAS Methods. Ergonomics of Hand Tools. Computer-Aided Design and Human Models. A Guide to Computer Software for Ergonomics. Guide for Videotaping and Gathering Data on Jobs for Analysis for Risks of Musculoskeletal Disorders. Physiological Instrumentation. Video-Based Measurements of Human Movement. Force Dynamometers and Accelerometers. How Complex Human-Machine Systems Fail. Human and System Reliabilty Analysis. Some Developments in Human Reliabilty Assessment. DIALOG. Managing the Speed-Accuracy Trade-Off. Receiver Characteristics in Safety Communications. Design of Industrial Warnings. Ergonomics Methods in the Design of Consumer Products.
Interaction of Environmental Chemicals with the Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors from the Oviduct of the American Alligator (1996)

Reports of reproductive abnormalities in the American alligator from Lake Apopka, Florida, have been linked to a spill of DDT and other pesticides suspected of having hormonelike activity. To determine whether environmental chemicals had the potential to function as exogenous hormones in the American alligator, we examined the ability of chemicals to bind the estrogen receptor (aER) and progesterone receptor (aPR) in a protein extract prepared from the oviduct of the alligator. In competition binding assays with [3H]17 beta-estradiol, some DDT metabolites showed inhibition of [3H]17 beta-estradiol binding to aER. A combination of DDTs demonstrated an additive decrease in [3H]17 beta-estradiol binding to aER. Modern-use chemicals such as alachlor, trans-nonachlor, endosulfan, and atrazine also competed with [3H]17 beta-estradiol for binding to the aER. To test the effect of chemicals identified in alligator eggs from Lake Apopka on [3H]17 beta-estradiol binding, we mixed these chemicals at concentrations measured in eggs in the competition binding assay. 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide (p,p'-DDD) and trans-nonachlor, both found in Lake Apopka, interacted with aER, whereas others such as chlordane and toxaphene did not. Surprisingly, combinations of these chemicals decreased [3H]17 beta-estradiol binding in a greater than additive manner. To assess the ability of chemicals to interact with aPR, we performed commpetition binding assays with the synthetic progestin [3H]R5020. Most of the chemicals tested did not reduce [3H]R5020 binding to aPR, whereas endosulfan, alachlor, and kepone inhibited binding. These results provide the first evidence that environmental chemicals bind the aER and aPR from the American alligator, supporting the hypothesis that the reported reproductive abnormalities may be related to the modulation of endocrine-related responses. The findings that combinations of chemicals demonstrated a greater than additive interaction with the aER and some chemicals bind to the aPR in the competition binding assay are novel. This suggests that interactions of these chemicals with the endocrine system are complex.