gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On-the-Fly Message Filtering in a Distributed Simulation Application (2005)

Data filtering is one of the techniques that can help achieve real-time linkage in large-scale distributed interactive simulation (DIS). We present the results of our work to design and evaluate data filtering schemes for DIS networks. Detailed algorithms suitable for the implementation of data filtering in the gateways of DIS networks are given. Methods to solve the problem of inaccurate state information caused by message filtering are presented and evaluated. Performance results of the filtering schemes are discussed.
The nature of risk during interactions between the police and intoxicated offenders (2016)

How best to respond to and manage intoxicated offenders is a concern shared by policing agencies across Australia. Intoxicated offenders present additional behavioural and health risks during their interaction with police. These risks may result in harm to the officers, the offender or the community. This research examined how intoxication influences the nature and magnitude of the risk associated with police officer/offender interactions. Using data from the National Deaths in Custody Program, a qualitative sample of 41 cases were analysed. These cases involved offenders who died in police custody and who, according to autopsy results, had alcohol or drugs in their system at the time of death. Results showed that, while intoxication influences an offender’s behaviour and health, the overall level of risk during the interaction was determined by the interplay between these two elements and the police response. This interplay between intoxicated behaviours, health risks and police responses should be considered in the development of policies and practices to minimise harm.
Fast simulation of the leaky bucket algorithm (1994)

We use fast simulation methods, based on importance sampling, to efficiently estimate cell loss probability in queueing models of the Leaky Bucket algorithm. One of these models was introduced by Berger (1991), in which the rare event of a cell loss is related to the rare event of an empty finite buffer in an overloaded queue. In particular, we propose a heuristic change of measure for importance sampling to efficiently estimate the probability of the rare empty-buffer event in an asymptotically unstable GI/GI/1/k queue. This change of measure is, in a way, dual to that proposed by Parekh and Walrand (1989) to estimate the probability of a rare buffer overflow event. We present empirical results to demonstrate the effectiveness of our fast simulation method. Since we have not yet obtained a mathematical proof, we can only conjecture that our heuristic is asymptotically optimal, as k/spl rarr//spl infin/.
Effect of Fecal Occult Blood Testing on Mortality from Colorectal Cancer: A Case–Control Study (1993)

These data suggest that a program of annual or biennial screening using FOBTs might lower population risk for mortality from colorectal cancer sufficiently to have important public health implications. However, the confidence intervals around our odds ratio estimates were wide. We therefore believe that additional data will be needed before making recommendations that FOBT screening be expanded.
Flavonol Profiles of<i>Vitis vinifera</i>Red Grapes and Their Single-Cultivar Wines (2007)

The main flavonols found in seven widespread Vitis vinifera red grape cultivars include the 3-glucosides and 3-glucuronides of myricetin and quercetin and the 3-glucosides of kaempferol and isorhamnetin. In addition, the methoxylated trisubstituted flavonols, laricitrin and syringetin, were predominantly found as 3-glucosides. As minority flavonols, the results suggest the detection of the 3-galactosides of kaempferol and laricitrin, the 3-glucuronide of kaempferol, and the 3-(6' '-acetyl)glucosides of quercetin and syringetin. The flavonol profiles based on the eight above-mentioned flavonols allowed the cultivar differentiation of the grape samples. With regard to flavonol biosynthesis in the berry skin, quercetin 3-glucuronide predominated at véraison, followed by quercetin 3-glucoside, and only trace amounts of trisubstituted flavonols were detected. The proportion of quercetin 3-glucoside remained almost constant during berry ripening, whereas the proportion of quercetin 3-glucuronide decreased and the other flavonols, especially myricetin 3-glucoside, increased their importance. In wines, flavonol 3-glycosides coexisted with their corresponding free aglycones released by hydrolysis. The presence of laricitrin, syringetin, and laricitrin 3-glucoside in red wines is reported here for the first time. The extent of hydrolysis was widely variable among wines made from the same grape cultivar, and the results suggest the influence of the type of aglycone and glycoside on the rate of hydrolysis. Due to hydrolysis, the differentiation of single-cultivar wines gave acceptable results only when aglycone-type flavonol profiles were used.
A MOS capacitor-based discrete-time parametric amplifier with 1.2 V output swing and 3μW power dissipation (2003)

Experimental results are reported for an amplifier based on a little-known effect in MOS capacitors: a voltage sampled on the gate rises when the channel charge is pulled out. It is demonstrated that this phenomenon can be used to provide micro-power, low-gain, and low-noise signal amplification.
Raman spectroscopic detection for liquid and solid targets using a spatial heterodyne spectrometer (2015)

Spatial heterodyne Raman spectroscopy (SHRS) is a new type of effective method for the analysis of structure and composition of liquid and solid targets with the characteristics of no moving parts, high spectral resolution, high optical throughput and large field of view. The technique is very suitable for detecting the targets from long distances or under the conditions with ambient light, which is essential for the exploration of planetary surface. In order to have a better understanding of the ability of SHRS for the detection of liquid and solid targets, a breadboard was designed, built and calibrated. Signal to noise was estimated at different integration time or laser power for carbon tetrachloride. Pure materials or materials contained in bottles were both tested. The mixture of organic liquids or inorganic solids were tested. In order to test the detection ability for natural targets, some composition‐unknown rocks and pebbles were tested. The results have shown that SHRS can meet the requirements for the detection of weak Raman signal scattered from artificial or natural targets. Standoff detection of sulfur from 5‐m or 10‐m distance without using any telescope or collimation optics was also tried to test the high optical throughput of SHRS. The potential feasibility of standoff detection has been proved. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Film deposition with the Sputter Gun (1977)

Film deposition by conventional diode techniques subjects the substrate to vigorous bombardment. The Sputter Gun, a recently developed magnetron sputtering device, contains the anode and cathode for the discharge process in the device itself. Because of this electrode arrangement and the magnetic field in the Sputter Gun the substrate plays a much more passive role in the discharge process, resulting in a lower flux of charged particles to the substrate. The reduced flux at the substrate results in lower substrate temperatures and different film properties. An auxiliary magnet placed below the substrate has been found useful in further modifying the charged‐particle flux to the substrate. Deposition rates were found to be relatively unchanged for the different configurations of the auxiliary magnet. Metallic films such as Cu and Au have been deposited using a dc discharge. Transparent, conductive In2−xSnxO3−y (ITO) has been deposited on a variety of substrates by means of a dc, rf, or a combination of dc and rf discharges. Film resistance of these ITO films has been as low as 4 Ω/⧠, corresponding to bulk resistivity of 2.2×10−4 Ω cm and is nearly equivalent to conventional diode sputtering. On thermally sensitive substrates ITO films have been routinely deposited with sheet resistance of 10 Ω/⧠. In addition, continuous films of ITO with good adherence and useful sheet resistance have been deposited at thicknesses of less than 10 nm.
Runlength-limited sequences (1990)

Runlength-limited (RLL) sequences are formally defined, and the runlength distribution and spectral properties of ideal RLL sequences are analyzed. A detailed description is furnished of the limiting properties of RLL sequences, and a comprehensive review is given of the practical aspects involved in the translation of arbitrary data into RLL sequences. Examples of code implementation are presented to illustrate the variety of possible design tools.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[Use of nonspecific agents and vaccination in bronchopneumonia prevention in cattle]. (1983)

A group of 463 calves, kept under one and the same conditions of tending and feeding, were followed up from the fifteenth day after birth up to one year of age, after treatment by subgroups with a hyperimmune antibovine rabbit serum, biomass of chlorella, a tissue preparation of swine embryos, and vaccines against mucosal diseases and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. The experiment revealed that those of the calves that were treated with a combination of chlorella biomass and a hyperimmune antibovine rabbit serum were most in number (80 per cent) that did not contract and develop diseases. Calves that were individually treated with each single one of these two agents also showed a high percent of intacts --72-73%. Third ranked the subgroup of animals in remaining unaffected with diseases (56 to 60 per cent) that were treated with the MD and IBR vaccines and the swine embryo tissue preparation.
Examination of Neurons in Wild Type and Mutants of Caenorhabditis Elegans Using Antibodies to Horseradish Peroxidase (1991)

Antibodies to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) recognize 27 of 302 neurons and several non-neuronal cells in adult hermaphrodites of the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and can be used to label these cells for cytological analysis in whole animals. The antibodies bind to the anterior members, but not to the posterior members of a set of mechanosensory neurons in wild type animals. Binding to one of the posterior mechanosensory neurons (PVM) occurs when this neuron migrates to an abnormal anterior position in mab-5 mutant animals, suggesting that expression of the epitope recognized by these antibodies is position dependent or that mab-5 mutations transform PVM into AVM intrinsically. The antibodies were used to characterize morphologies of two pairs of lumbar neurons (PHC and PVN) in uncoordinated mutants representing 95 unc genes. PHC and PVN morphologies were normal in most of the unc mutants examined, however, in mutants of 9 unc genes (unc-6, unc-13, unc-33, unc-44, unc-51, unc-61, unc-71, unc-73, and unc-98), misdirected PHC and/or PVN processes were observed at a high frequency. The morphologies of 2 other lumbar neurons, PHA and PHB, were determined previously in these mutants (Hedgecock et al., 1985). Mutations in most, but not all of these 9 unc genes affect the growth of the embryonic lumbar neurons PHA and PHB differently than they affect the growth of the postembryonic lumbar neurons PHC and PVN, indicating that these neurons require different, but overlapping sets of genes for different stages of normal growth and guidance.
A bright outlook on organic photoelectrochemical cells for water splitting (2018)

A review on organic photoelectrochemical water splitting cells giving perspective on promising device architectures and materials.
Abstract C64: Polystyrene scaffolds: A novel tool for <i>in vitro</i> three-dimensional cancer models (2009)

Abstract It is well known that three-dimensional (3D) cultures can more accurately represent physiological cell responses, and that two-dimensional (2D) in vitro cell culture systems fall short in predicting tumor cell behavior in vivo. Major shortcomings of 2D cell culture systems include altered cell morphologies, reduced aggression, and an inaccurate representation of the dynamic 3D cellular environment experienced by cells in vivo. These 2D cell culture obstacles become even more deleterious to research when performing drug screenings or studying disease pathogenesis. Hence, cancer research demands a more biologically relevant in vitro model system that can improve drug discovery success rates to combat rising rates of cancer and other diseases. Moreover, an accurate and reproducible in vitro model will accelerate the drug discovery process and significantly reduce development costs. To this end, we have engineered a novel transparent 3D polystyrene (PS) scaffold to meet the emerging demand. We hypothesize that these 3D PS scaffolds are a superior 3D in vitro model for tumor pathogenesis research and drug discovery and development. To test our hypothesis we cultured and observe the growth of two cancer cell lines, human epithelial MCF-7 cells and HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells, on both 2D PS-tissue culture plates (TCP) and 3D PS scaffolds (3D Insert™-PS). Observation by an inverted light microscope indicated that MCF-7 and HepG2 cells cultured on the 3D PS scaffolds formed cell aggregates along scaffold fibers and within pores, whereas cells cultured on the 2D PS-TCPs adopted a phenotype characteristically seen in cells growing in flat monolayers. Proliferation time-course assays performed with MCF-7 and HepG2 cells demonstrated that growth rates and metabolic activities of cells cultured on 3D scaffolds were significantly enhanced at numerous time points when compared with cells cultured on 2D TCPs, as determined by Alamar blue and MTT assays. These data suggest that 3D Insert™-PS scaffolds provide an improved in vitro culture environment. The susceptibility of both 2D and 3D cultured MCF-7 and HepG2 cells to anticancer drugs was assessed by tamoxifen (TAM) [10-6 M and 10-5 M] and methotrexate (MTX) [25 µM and 100 µM] treatments, respectively. The cellular cytotoxic response to TAM and MTX was measured by MTT and LDH assays and was found to be significantly lower in MCF-7 and HepG2 cultured on 3D scaffolds compared with cells cultured in 2D TCPs. Taken together, these data indicate that cancer cells cultured on 3D Insert™-PS scaffolds are more robust and resistant to anticancer drug treatments than cells cultured on traditional 2D TCPs. Furthermore, 3D Insert™-PS scaffolds do not have the same limitations encountered with traditional 2D cell culture. In conclusion, using 3D Insert™-PS scaffolds as in vitro 3D tumor models will provide a superior 3D cell culture environment for cancer research and the evaluation of new anticancer drugs. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):C64.
Raising Antibodies by Coupling Peptides to PPD and Immunizing BCG‐Sensitized Animals (2007)

The use of PPD (purified protein derivative of tuberculin) as a carrier has several significant advantages. It provides very powerful T cell help and it gives rise to virtually no antibody response against itself. This is particularly useful if it is intended to go on to make monoclonal antibodies, where the presence of a large amount of anti-carrier antibody is a nuisance! Furthermore, unlike most comparably powerful adjuvant systems, it can be used in man. PPD coupling has been used to raise antibodies to haptens and to raise T cell responses to tumour cells. It is here reported that small peptides coupled to PPD will give rise to good titres of anti-peptide antibody. For peptides that contain no cysteine, coupling has been achieved by attaching succinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl) cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (SMCC) to the alpha-amino group of the peptide and N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate (SPDP) to the PPD and allowing an uncleavable bond to form between them. Data on immunization with the leucotactic nonapeptide of the alpha chain of the complement component C3 and with some oncogene-related peptides have been obtained.
Experimental basis of innovative therapies of rheumatoid arthritis. (1989)

Immunopathogenesis and chemotherapies of rheumatoid arthritis. Methotrexate, salazosulfapyridine, ciclosporin, tilomisole, therafectin, imuthiol, and other biologic agents: (thymic hormones, interferons, monoclonal antibodies, omega-3 fatty acids) are evaluated
Non-access-stratum request attack in E-UTRAN (2012)

Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the evolution of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). LTE revises and improves system architecture from UMTS to provide services that are more efficient. Evolved-UTRAN (E-UTRAN) is the air interface of 3GPP and it is on the upgrade path for LTE mobile networks. E-UTRAN specifies better security architecture to protect users' information. However, E-UTRAN is still not perfect. This article studies vulnerabilities of non-access-stratum (NAS) of E-UTRAN. We present illustrative attacks to exploit such vulnerabilities and demonstrate the effectiveness and the impact of such attacks on normal users by using our self-developed simulation tool.
Essential procedures for clinical microbiology (1998)

Preface Acknowledgements Collection, Transport and Manipulation of clinical specimens and initial Laboratory concerns Aerobic Bacteriology Anaerobic Bacteriology Mycobacteriology Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Mycology and Aerobic Actinomycetes Parasitology Viruses, Rickettsiae, Chlamydiae, and Mycoplasmas Immunology Molecular Biology Epidemiologic and Infection Control Microbiology Instrument Maintenance and Quality Control Quality Assessment and Control Safety in the Microbiology Laboratory Appendix A: Selected Commercial Suppliers for Clinical Microbiology Index
Transcription factor Erg regulates angiogenesis and endothelial apoptosis through VE-cadherin (2008)

Tight regulation of the balance between apoptosis and survival is essential in angiogenesis. The ETS transcription factor Erg is required for endothelial tube formation in vitro. Inhibition of Erg expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), using antisense oligonucleotides, resulted in detachment of cell-cell contacts and increased cell death. Inhibition of Erg expression by antisense in HUVECs also lowered expression of the adhesion molecule vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, a key regulator of endothelial intercellular junctions and survival. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we showed that Erg binds to the VE-cadherin promoter. Furthermore, Erg was found to enhance VE-cadherin promoter activity in a transactivation assay. Apoptosis induced by inhibition of Erg was partly rescued by overexpression of VE-cadherin-GFP, suggesting that VE-cadherin is involved in the Erg-dependent survival signals. To show the role of Erg in angiogenesis in vivo, we used siRNA against Erg in a Matrigel plug model. Erg inhibition resulted in a significant decrease in vascularization, with increase in caspase-positive endothelial cells (ECs). These results identify a new pathway regulating angiogenesis and endothelial survival, via the transcription factor Erg and the adhesion molecule VE-cadherin.
Prevalence, Detection, and Management of the Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: Role of an Obesity-Centric Definition (2010)

Background. We sought to determine and compare the prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome (MS) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) utilizing the new International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definition with the older National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) definition. We also examined the clinical utility of MS in this context. Methods. A total of 107 consecutive patients with AMI were prospectively evaluated for MS. Fasting lipids obtained at admission and fasting glucose at discharge were used. A postdischarge folder audit verified rates of discharge coding and implementation of specific management strategies for MS. Results. Baseline patient characteristics included: mean age 59 +/- 13 years; males 80%; diabetes 19%; mean BMI 29.7 +/- 8.4 kg/m(2). MS prevalence was 54% by the IDF definition and 49% by the NCEP definition, with good agreement between definitions: kappa = 0.664, P < .001. Factors predictive of MS after multivariate analysis included: hypertension, fasting glucose, waist circumference, and serum HDL (all P < .05). Despite the high prevalence, MS was recognized at discharge in only 1 patient, and referral for exercise and/or weight-loss programs was undertaken in 5 patients. Conclusion. There is a high prevalence of MS utilizing contemporary definitions in patients with AMI: 54% by the IDF definition and 49% by NCEP criteria. Despite the high prevalence, MS was under-recognized and under-treated in this population.
CLUSTER ION BEAM FACILITIES (2001)

A brief state-of-the-art review in the field of cluster-surface interactions is presented. Ionised cluster beams could become a powerful and versatile tool for the modification and processing of surfaces as an alternative to ion implantation and ion assisted deposition. The main effects of cluster-surface collisions and possible applications of cluster ion bieams are discussed. The outlooks of the Cluster Implantation and Deposition Apparatus (CIDA) being developed in Goteborg University are shown.
Automation of Fact-Checking: State of the Art, Obstacles and Perspectives (2017)

Today, the main problem in data journalism is quality. Indeed, even if the web is a broad data source, it is essential to note that everything is not good to take and that it is always necessary to control good quality, relevance of data and reliability of sources. In this paper, we introduce a state of the art of the automation of the fact-checking as well as a diagnosis of obstacles for its automation in a journalistic context.
Information gain and a general measure of correlation (1983)

Journal Article Information gain and a general measure of correlation Get access JOHN T. KENT JOHN T. KENT Department of Statistics, University of Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Biometrika, Volume 70, Issue 1, April 1983, Pages 163–173, https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/70.1.163 Published: 01 April 1983 Article history Received: 01 March 1982 Revision received: 01 May 1982 Published: 01 April 1983
Performance limits of labriform propulsion and correlates with fin shape and motion (2002)

Labriform locomotion, which is powered by oscillating the paired pectoral fins, varies along a continuum from rowing the fins back and forth to flapping the fins up and down. It has generally been assumed (i) that flapping is more mechanically efficient than rowing, a hypothesis confirmed by a recent simulation experiment, and (ii) that flapping should be associated with wing-shaped fins while rowing should be associated with paddle-shaped fins. To determine whether these hypotheses and the results of the simulation experiment are consistent with natural variation, we compared the steady swimming performance (critical swimming speed) of four species of labrid fish (Cirrhilabrus rubripinnis, Pseudocheilinus octotaenia, Gomphosus varius and Halichoeres bivittatus) selected to form two pairs of closely related species that vary in fin shape and in the direction of fin motion. The results were consistent with expectations. Within each pair, the species with the best swimming performance also had (i) a fin shape characterized by a higher aspect ratio, a longer leading edge relative to the trailing edge fin rays and the center of fin area located closer to the fin base, and (ii) a steeper (more dorsoventral) stroke plane.