gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strain enhanced FUSI/HfSiON Technology with optimized CMOS Process Window (2007)

We report, for the first time, a comprehensive study on the compatibility of state-of-the-art performance boosters with FUSI/HfSiON technology, resulting in record high-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> NMOS and PMOS devices with 725/370 mμ/μm (at V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> =1.1 , I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> =20pA/μm and J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> = 100/1 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). We demonstrate that adding embedded Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.75</sub> Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.25</sub> in S/D regions resulted in 45% performance improvement over the FUSI/HfSiON reference, and that the V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> distribution is tight and comparable to baseline. For process simplicity purposes, dual phase Ni-FUSI (NiSi NMOS; Ni <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">31</sub> Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sub> or Ni <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Si PMOS) is formed simultaneously in our integration scheme, each phase having its own process window (PW). In this work, we successfully maximized the common CMOS PW by 2 crucial process improvements: -shifting up the NMOS RTP1 temperature (T) PW by nitrogen implantation in NMOS poly gates prior to Ni deposition for FUSI; -extending the PMOS PW to lower RTP1 temperatures by improved surface preparation after novel poly etch-back process.
Depletion of Blood Cardioplegia Attenuates Reperfusion Injury (1996)

Background. Leukocytes are associated with myocardial injury during reperfusion after ischemia. Short periods of leukocyte depletion during reperfusion result in persistent attenuation of postischemic myocardial dysfunction. Methods. Leukocyte depIetion was examined in a canine model of regional myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. The extracorporeal circuit and cardioplegia circuits underwent leukocyte depletion by mechanical filtration. Animals were instrumented for baseline global function before 90-minute occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Global function during ischemia and at 5, 30, 60, and 90 minutes after a 60-minute cardioplegic arrest using continuous blood cardioplegia was assessed in leukocyte-depleted (n = 9) and control (n = 10) groups.
Predicting query performance (2002)

We develop a method for predicting query performance by computing the relative entropy between a query language model and the corresponding collection language model. The resulting clarity score measures the coherence of the language usage in documents whose models are likely to generate the query. We suggest that clarity scores measure the ambiguity of a query with respect to a collection of documents and show that they correlate positively with average precision in a variety of TREC test sets. Thus, the clarity score may be used to identify ineffective queries, on average, without relevance information. We develop an algorithm for automatically setting the clarity score threshold between predicted poorly-performing queries and acceptable queries and validate it using TREC data. In particular, we compare the automatic thresholds to optimum thresholds and also check how frequently results as good are achieved in sampling experiments that randomly assign queries to the two classes.
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN EFFECTS OF &ldquo;POWER-UP TYPE&rdquo; AND &ldquo;BULK-UP TYPE&rdquo; STRENGTH TRAINING EXERCISES (1998)

In this study, the difference between the effects of “power-up type” and “bulk-up type” strength training exercise was investigated by analyzing parameters such as structural and functional adaptations in the neuromuscular system. Eleven subjects were divided into power-up and bulk-up groups. The power-up group comprised five male subjects who performed 5 sets at 90% of one repetition maximum (1 RM) with a 3-min rest between sets (repetition method) . The bulk-up group comprised six male subjects who performed 9sets at 80-60-50%, 70-50-40%, and 60-50-40% of 1 RM with rest intervals between sets of either 30 s or 3 min (interval method) . Both groups performed isotonic knee extension exercise twice a week for 8 weeks. The power-up group showed a lower rate of improvement than the bulk-up group in terms of cross-sectional area (CSA) of the quadriceps femoris at levels 30%, 50% and 70% from the top of the femur, and also in average isokinetic strength (Isok. ave. ; 180 deg/s, 50 consecutive repetitions) . However, the power-up group showed a greater rate of improvement in 1 RM, maximal isometric strength (Isom. max), and maximal isokinetic strength (Isok. max ; 60, 180, 300 deg/s) . Furthermore, the rate of reduction in strength over 50 consecutive isokinetic repetitions decreased in the bulk-up group. On the other hand, the power-up group showed no significant changes in the above throughout the entire training program. These results indicate that the characteristics of the two types of training exercise are as follows : (1) power-up exercise is effective mainly for improving muscular strength and anaerobic power, and (2) bulk-up exercise is effective mainly for improving hypertrophy and anaerobic endurance. These findings support the idea that “power-up type” and “bulk-up type” strength training exercises should be applied appropriately according to the training aim.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Both the Enantiomers of 2,5‐Dimethyl‐2‐isopropyl‐2,3‐dihydrofurane, the Sex Pheromone of Hylecoetus dermestoides L. (1984)

Abstract Auf der Basis des durch Sharpless‐Oxidation von (I) zugänglichen, optisch aktiven Epoxids (II) lassen sich beide Enantiomere des Dihydrofurans (III) gezielt herstellen.
Use of pipelines as aerobic biological reactors. (1973)

Sewerage systems of many cities com p ise both pressure and gravit lines. It has been suggested that these lines may be used as aerobic biological reactors to re duce the biochemical oxygen demand (bod) on treatment facilities.1,2 The utilization of the pipeline as a treatment facility to stabilize the organic portion of solid waste while it is being conveyed in slurry form has also been proposed.2,3 Stabilization of com bined solid waste and wastewater is another possibility. If the converted conduits are relatively long, the bod reduction may be considerable. The purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of pressure pipeline reactors, sometimes called tubular reactors, with the view of utilizing pressure pipelines as aerobic biological treatment facilities. Ap plication of this analysis to a specific case is also presented. Background
Distance-based whole-program data locality hierarchy (2005)

As the speed gap between CPU and memory keeps widening, cache performance increasingly determines system performance, cost, and power consumption of computers. The efficiency of caching depends on program locality, or the pattern of program data reuse. It is, therefore important to understand the locality behavior of programs. Locality at the program level describes data reuse pattern of complete programs instead of partial fragments as basic blocks and loop nests. But whole-program locality is difficult to capture, due to high processing overhead and dynamic program behavior. The increasing levels and dynamic adaptations of hardware caches impose even higher requirements on the accuracy and efficiency of locality analysis. 
We propose a distance-based locality model for whole programs. The essential concept is reuse distance, which measures the volume of intervening data between a pair of reuses. We construct a reuse distance monitoring framework that efficiently analyzes memory references of the whole program execution. By profiling a few program inputs, we extract regular locality patterns and predict their changes in other data inputs. This predictability has been verified on a wide range of programs and extended to an accurate estimation of cache miss rate across program inputs on all cache sizes. 
The distance-based model is also effective in capturing reference affinity between memory locations. It groups data or code into hierarchical partitions for large complex programs. The theoretical model has led to a novel and practical mechanism for array regrouping in Fortran programs and structure reorganization in C/C++ programs. Data placements generated by the new technique consistently outperform data placements given by other methods, including manual programming, compiler analysis, frequency profiling, and statistical clustering.
TREATMENT OF VENTILATORY INSUFFICIENCY WITH THREE TYPES OF RESPIRATORS (1964)

SUMMARY During 1954–1963, three‐types of respirators were used at this unit, viz. the Engström, Gothia and Lundia respirators. These were used in 54 postoperative and 15 medical cases. An attempt was made to relate the rates of ventilatory deaths to pre‐treatment ventilatory capacity and to the type of respirator. For the surgical cases with obstructive‐type ventilatory impairment, the ventilatory death rate was lower with the Engström respirator (0/8) than with the other respirators (4/6).—As regards effect on blood gases, the respirators differed only in the obstructive cases; here, too, the Engström respirator was superior. Respiratory depressant drugs and/or muscle relaxants were given in larger amounts to patients treated with the Gothia and Lundia respirators than to those treated with the Engström respirator. This difference was very great in the obstructive group of patients. In patients without airway obstruction, the three respirators were equivalent with regard to effect on ventilatory death rate and blood gases, and nearly equivalent in the ease of management and requirement of respiratory depressant drugs. In the obstructive patients, the Engström respirator was superior in all these respects. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Während der Jahre 1954 bis 1963 wurden an der Abteilung drei verschiedene Typen von Respiratoren angewandt, nämlich der Engström, der Lundia und der Gothiarespirator. Die Apparate wurden bei 54 postoperativen und 15 medizinischen Fällen eingesetzt. Es wurde der Versuch gemacht, die Anzahl der Ventilationstodesfälle in Relation zur Vorbehandlung, zur Atemkapazität und zur Respiratortype zu setzen. Die Anzahl der Ventilationstodesfälle bei chirurgischen Patienten mit Ventilationshindernissen obstruktiver Art war bei Anwendung des Engströmrespirators niedriger (0/8) als bei anderen Respiratoren (4/6). Was die Wirkung auf die Blutgaswerte betrifft, unterschieden sich die Respiratoren nur in den Fällen mit Obstruktionen. Auch hier war der Engström respirator überlegen. Sowohl respirationsdepremierende Medicamente als auch Muskelrelaxantia wurden in grösseren Mengen an diejenigen Patienten verabreicht, die mit oder Gothiarespiratoren als an solche, die mit dem Engströmrespirator behandelt wurden. Der Unterschied war bei der obstruktiven Gruppe sehr erheblich. Bei Patienten ohne Luftwegsobstruktionen waren die Respiratoren gleichwertig in Bezug auf die Anzahl der Ventilationstodesfälle und die Blutgaswerte und nahezu gleichwertig in Bezug auf die Einfachheit der Bedienung und die Notwendigkeit der Verabreichung respirationsdeprimierender Stoffe. Bei den Patienten mit Obstruktionen war der Engstromrespirator in diesen Beziehungen überlegen.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Pyrones via Palladium‐Catalyzed Annulation of Internal Alkynes. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A NEARBY M STAR WITH THREE TRANSITING SUPER-EARTHS DISCOVERED BY K2 (2015)

Small, cool planets represent the typical end-products of planetary formation. Studying the architectures of these systems, measuring planet masses and radii, and observing these planets' atmospheres during transit directly informs theories of planet assembly, migration, and evolution. Here we report the discovery of three small planets orbiting a bright (K s = 8.6 mag) M0 dwarf using data collected as part of K2, the new ecliptic survey using the repurposed Kepler spacecraft. Stellar spectroscopy and K2 photometry indicate that the system hosts three transiting planets with radii 1.5-2.1 R , straddling the transition region between rocky and increasingly volatile-dominated compositions. With orbital periods of 10-45 days the planets receive just 1.5-10 the flux incident on Earth, making these some of the coolest small planets known orbiting a nearby star; planet d is located near the inner edge of the system's habitable zone. The bright, low-mass star makes this system an excellent laboratory to determine the planets' masses via Doppler spectroscopy and to constrain their atmospheric compositions via transit spectroscopy. This discovery demonstrates the ability of K2 and future space-based transit searches to find many fascinating objects of interest.
MPEG-H 3D Audio - The Next Generation Audio System (2014)

The next step in TV broadcasting is already on the horizon. UHDTV promises higher visual fidelity with 4K picture resolution, higher frame rates, wider colour gamut and higher dynamic range. While the video aspect is attracting a lot of attention with MPEG-H HEVC covering the title pages of journals and magazines, the latest evolutions in audio seem to be taking place in the back room. However, these developments will introduce some fundamental changes in the way audio is produced and may well revolutionize the user experience. The new MPEG-H 3D audio standard offers not only immersive 3D audio, it also introduces the concept of audio objects and has support for scene based audio. These audio objects can be used to personalize the user experience by providing the consumer with the capability to manipulate single elements of the sound. A simple example is the dialog, which can be level adjusted relative to background music and effects to suit the individual preference. It could also be an additional optional commentary track, which the user can select. The paper gives an overview over the MPEG-H 3D audio standard and its most prominent features, such as immersive and flexible loudspeaker layout support, interactivity and inherent loudness and dynamic range control. The concept of audio objects is discussed in more detail. The possible use of audio objects in broadcasting is explained in use cases.
Comprehensive single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals heterogeneity in endometrioid adenocarcinoma tissues (2017)

Single cell transcriptome analysis of a cancer tissue can provide objective assessment of subtype population or the activation of each of various microenvironment component cells. In this study, we applied our newly developed technique of single cell analysis to the myometrial infiltration side (M-side) and the endometrial side (E-side) of a human endometrioid adenocarcinoma with squamous differentiation tissues. We also analyzed spherogenic cultures derived from the same tissue to identify putative regulators of stemness in vivo. Cancer cells in the E-side were highly malignant compared with those in the M-side. Many cells on the E-side were positive for spheroid-specific tumorigenesis-related markers including SOX2. In addition, there were higher numbers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) cells in the E-side compared with the M-side. This study identified a site containing cells with high malignant potential such as EMT and cancer stem-like cells in cancer tissues. Finally, we demonstrate that established endometrioid adenocarcinoma subtype classifiers were variably expressed across individual cells within a tumor. Thus, such intratumoral heterogeneity may be related to prognostic implications.
A Framework for Evaluation of the Higher-Risk Infant After a Brief Resolved Unexplained Event (2019)

In 2016, the American Academy of Pediatrics published a clinical practice guideline that more specifically defined apparent life-threatening events as brief resolved unexplained events (BRUEs) and provided evidence-based recommendations for the evaluation of infants who meet lower-risk criteria for a subsequent event or serious underlying disorder. The clinical practice guideline did not provide recommendations for infants meeting higher-risk criteria, an important and common population of patients. Therefore, we propose a tiered approach for clinical evaluation and management of higher-risk infants who have experienced a BRUE. Because of a vast array of potential causes, the initial evaluation prioritizes the diagnosis of time-sensitive conditions for which delayed diagnosis or treatment could impact outcomes, such as child maltreatment, feeding problems, cardiac arrhythmias, infections, and congenital abnormalities. The secondary evaluation addresses problems that are less sensitive to delayed diagnosis or treatment, such as dysphagia, intermittent partial airway obstruction, and epilepsy. The authors recommend a tailored, family-centered, multidisciplinary approach to evaluation and management of all higher-risk infants with a BRUE, whether accomplished during hospital admission or through coordinated outpatient care. The proposed framework was developed by using available evidence and expert consensus.
Quantitative trait loci identified for foliar phylloxera resistance in a hybrid grape population (2018)

Background and Aims A hybrid grapevine biparental mapping population was evaluated for resistance to grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch) in the greenhouse and in the field. The family (n = 125) was derived from a cross of two University of Minnesota breeding selections from a complex pedigree with multiple Vitis species. Methods and Results The vines were evaluated for foliar phylloxera severity using visual rating in the field for multiple years. In the greenhouse, a replicated experimental design was used to quantify phylloxera severity using different traits including number of galls per plant, area under the disease progress curve, proportion of leaves with galls, average number of galls per leaf and visual rating. The plants used in the greenhouse experiment were also visually rated for root infestation. Conclusions Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping for the foliar resistance traits (reduced severity) routinely identified the region spanning ~10 to 30 cM on linkage group (LG) 14 to be associated with resistance, and inherited from the mother parent MN1264. The plants used in the greenhouse experiment were also visually rated for root infestation, and subsequent QTL mapping identified regions on LG 5 of the maternal map and LG 10 of the paternal map (MN1246) associated with root resistance. Significance of the Study The new QTLs identified in this report are potential novel sources of resistance and the first report of QTL for foliar phylloxera resistance in a hybrid grapegrowing region of North America. Molecular markers linked to resistance can be utilised in marker-assisted breeding.
Nucleotide sequence and estrogen induction of Xenopus laevis 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase. (1990)

We have isolated and sequenced overlapping cDNA clones encompassing the entire protein coding region of Xenopus laevis 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase). This 3-kilobase cDNA codes for an 883-amino acid protein, which exhibits extensive amino acid sequence homology to mammalian HMG-CoA reductases. The highly conserved 341-amino acid membrane spanning domain exhibits 89% amino acid sequence identity with hamster HMG-CoA reductase. In contrast to the high degree of homology in the coding regions of the mRNAs, the nucleotide sequences of the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions of Xenopus and mammalian HMG-CoA reductase mRNAs exhibit negligible homology. Primer extension data suggests that Xenopus HMG-CoA reductase mRNA is transcribed from multiple initiation sites. The Xenopus HMG-CoA reductase cDNA clones were used as hybridization probes to examine estrogen regulation of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase mRNA levels. Northern blot analysis demonstrates that estradiol-17 beta induced HMG-CoA reductase mRNA in livers of male X. laevis 10-fold within 24 h. Reductase mRNA levels reach a plateau 23-fold higher than basal levels between 5 and 8 days after initial estrogen administration. In contrast to the vitellogenin and retinol binding protein genes whose transcription is induced by estrogen in Xenopus liver, the runoff transcription rate of HMG-CoA reductase does not increase significantly on administration of estradiol-17 beta. These data suggest that the estrogen induction of HMG-CoA reductase mRNA may be achieved through posttranscriptional mechanisms.
Long-Term Benefit Perception, Complications, and Device Malfunction Rate of Bone-Anchored Hearing Aid Implantation for Profound Unilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss (2010)

BAHA implantation seems to provide a high level of short- and long-term perceived benefit and satisfaction in subjects with PUSHL and high rate of long-term device usage. Implant site adverse local skin reactions and repairs of the external sound processor were quite common.
Bone morphogenetic proteins-2 and -4: negative growth regulators in adult retinal pigmented epithelium. (2000)

BMP-2 and BMP-4 may serve as negative growth regulators in the retina and RPE that are downregulated by injury, to allow tissue repair. Modulation of expression of the BMPs may provide a means to control the exaggerated wound repair that occurs in proliferative retinopathies.
OXIDATION–REDUCTION POLYMERS: I. SYNTHESIS OF MONOMERS (1961)

The preparation of two new monomers, 2,5-bis-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)-4′-vinyldiphenyl sulphone and 2-tetrahydropyranyl-4′-vinylphenyl thioether, for the synthesis of redox polymers is described.
Pathologic Correlation of Posterior Ligamentous Injury With MRI (2010)

This article describes 2 cases of spinal trauma in which diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was correlated with histopathology for diagnosis of a posterior ligamentous complex injury. Spine fractures are common and represent up to 16% of traumatic fractures. Diagnostic imaging currently involves plain films and computerized tomography, but MRI is being used with increasing frequency. The definition of neurologic tissue injury has had substantial documentation in the spinal literature. Clinically, posterior ligamentous complex injury has been associated with facet disruption, gapping of the spinous processes, and significant kyphosis. Assessment of spinal stability in the spine trauma population is based significantly on the assumed disruption or integrity of the posterior ligamentous complex. High signal intensity in the area of the ligamentum flavum and interspinous ligament on fat-saturated T2 MRIs has been associated with the clinical finding of interspinous ligament disruption noted at surgical exploration. Magnetic resonance imaging in spine trauma is widely accepted despite a paucity of data addressing its histopathologic accuracy. To our knowledge, histopathologic correlation of MRI of ligamentous injuries has not been reported.