gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Toolbox of Optimized Silicon Photonics Devices (2014)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2014
Two Phase 3 Trials of Dupilumab versus Placebo in Atopic Dermatitis (2017)

Two Phase 3 Trials of Dupilumab versus Placebo in Atopic DermatitisTo the Editor: The conclusions of Simpson and colleagues (Dec.15 issue) 1 regarding the effectiveness and quality-of-life-enhancing capacity of dupilumab in patients with atopic dermatitis open new perspectives in the strategies of treatment of allergic diseases, because interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 are "type 2 inflammatory cytokines that may be important drivers of atopic or allergic diseases."Given the good results in patients with asthma 2 or nasal polyposis, 3 we as pediatricians look with interest to the possibilities arising from these studies involving adults.However, the higher rate of allergic conjunctivitis in the dupilumab-treated population than in the placebo group in this trial runs against these wishes.Although we agree with the authors that "further studies on the causes of conjunctivitis are warranted," could these be cases of atopic keratoconjunctivitis rather than simple allergic conjunctivitis?This condition is often linked to atopic dermatitis. 4If so, could it be hypothesized that the blockage of interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 increases the activity of the specific ligands involved in atopic keratoconjunctivitis (e.g., the OX40 ligand) in the eye, an immunologically privileged area? 5 This would limit the potential uses of dupilumab in the allergy field.
Reactivity of fluoride dentifrices with artificial caries. III. Quantitative aspects of acquired acid resistance (AAR): F uptake, retention, surface hardening and remineralization. (1991)

A pH cycling remineralization/dimineralization model has been used to compare remineralization and acid resistance benefits provided by commercial MFP and NaF dentifrices. Test results show that fluoride dentifrice systems were effective in enhancing lesion remineralization and providing acquired acid resistance (AAR) to carious lesions, with AAR benefits considerably greater in magnitude. Fluoride uptake into the carious lesions was associated with remineralization and AAR benefits. Dentifrices containing the highest levels of soluble ionic fluoride were found most effective in this protocol with MFP dentifrices showing significantly less activity. MFP dentifrice efficacy was enhanced slightly in calcium abrasives. The enhanced activity could be explained by increased levels of background ionic fluoride in the formulations. In contrast to the latter effects, a dual-active NaF+MFP dentifrice in a calcium abrasive system exhibited decreased efficacy relative to a silica abrasive formulation due to incompatibility of free fluoride ion. Comparison of analytical techniques for measurement of AAR in shallow lesions demonstrates that surface microhardness methods match radiographic measures and are thus adequate for ICT measurement of cariogenicity and F remineralization.
Sleep Position, Fetal Growth Restriction, and Late-Pregnancy Stillbirth (2015)

This study suggests that supine sleep position may be an additional risk for late-pregnancy stillbirth in an already compromised fetus. The clinical management of suspected fetal growth restriction should be investigated further as a means of reducing late stillbirth.
Automatic SAR Image Registration via Tsallis Entropy and Iterative Search Process (2020)

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image registration is a process of geometrically aligning two or more remote sensing images, acquired at different times, from different viewpoints or from different sensors. To solve the problem that determines which transformation provides the most accurate match between two images, we propose a novel Tsallis entropy-based approach combined with a sequential search strategy to significantly reduce the computational complexity compared to the existing methods, while retaining excellent SAR registration performance. The Tsallis entropy can be considered as a kind of general version of similarity metric, depending on the order of Tsallis entropy. Thus, we use Tsallis entropy as a cost function to measure the degree of the focus of an average intensity projection profile of SAR image. The global optimum of the similarity metric should be reached if the reference and sensed images are correctly registered. The proposed method consists of coarse and fine registration steps, and each step is divided into two parts: range and azimuth domain processing. From the experimental results, we verify that the proposed method outperforms conventional methods in terms of computational complexity of the algorithm owing to the sensitivity of the cost function and efficiency of sequential search strategy.
Optimizing tool availiability and lead time with procurement options (2005)

"Procurement options" provide manufacturers with guaranteed, reduced tool lead times in exchange for the assumption of liability for a portion of the capacity and material costs a tool supplier must incur to support this commitment. Appropriately constructed and managed portfolios of procurement options allow manufacturers to control capacity availability, cost, lead time and liability, making possible predictable operating and financial performance tailored to management's objectives. By managing customer relationships with procurement options, suppliers are similarly able to significantly improve both cost and efficiency of planning and execution, and reduce their operating and financial risk
An Optical Set-Up for Measurement of Bubble-Window Thickness (1939)

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Automatic reading of the white pages in a telephone directory (1996)

An optical character recognition (OCR) system for the reading of the white pages of Sydney’s telephone directories is described. The system is used to process each scanned page automatically. First, column segmentation, special symbol segmentation, text line segmentation, and character segmentation are performed. Second, a new structural method is developed to recognize each segmented character based on its skeleton decomposition and coding. Third, a postprocessing module is used to verify the confusing letters based on the text layout information and the contextual information. Experiments with test pages show an average recognition rate of 99.5% with a reliability rate of 99.85%.
A Method for Evaluating the Corrosion Potential of a Tablet Press Turret by Drug Substances, Graniulations or Powder Blends (1986)

A preformulation test was developed in which the corrosion potential of drug substances, granulations or powder blends could be evaluated. Abrasion by the powder on a metal plate simulating the abrasion occurring during the rotation of a rotary tablet press turret was found to be critical. The method demonstrated the influence of high and moderate relative humidities upon a particular granulation which was known to corrode a turret during tablet manufacture.
Posttranslational Regulation of Nitrate Reductase Strongly Affects the Levels of Free Amino Acids and Nitrate, whereas Transcriptional Regulation Has Only Minor Influence (2006)

Diurnal variations in nitrate reductase (NR) activity and nitrogen metabolites were examined in wild-type Nicotiana plumbaginifolia and transformants with various degrees of NR deregulation. In the C1 line, NR was only deregulated at the transcriptional level by placing the NR gene under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S RNA promoter. In the Del8 and S521D lines, NR was additionally deregulated at the posttranslational level either by a deletion mutation in the N-terminal domain or by a mutation of the regulatory phosphorylation site (serine-521). Posttranslational regulation was essential for pronounced diurnal variations in NR activity. Low nitrate content was related to deregulation of NR, whereas the level of total free amino acids was much higher in plants with fully deregulated NR. Abolishing transcriptional and posttranslational regulation (S521D plants) resulted in an increase of glutamine and asparagine by a factor of 9 and 14, respectively, compared with wild type, whereas abolishing transcriptional regulation (C1 plants) only resulted in increases of glutamine and asparagine by factors <2. Among the minor amino acids, isoleucine and threonine, in particular, showed enhanced levels in S521D. Nitrate uptake rates were the same in S521D and wild type as determined with (15)N feeding. Deregulation of NR appears to set the level of certain amino acids, whereas diurnal variations were still determined by light/dark. Generally, deregulation of NR at the transcriptional level did not have much influence on metabolite levels, but additional deregulation at the posttranslational level resulted in profound changes of nitrogen metabolite levels.
The Effect of a Peripheral Glare Source upon the Apparent Brightness of an Object (1953)

The decrease in perceived brightness of a foveal test object produced by a peripheral glare source can be accounted for in terms of a veiling luminance produced by stray light falling on the fovea. The same effect can be produced by an artificial patch of veiling luminance superimposed on the test object. The effect of increasing the angle between the glare source and the test object is equivalent to reducing the brightness of the glare source in accordance with the stray light hypothesis. The measured amount of veiling luminance conforms to that found by previous investigators. The changes in brightness that occur immediately following the onset of a peripheral glare source as well as the changes which occur following removal of the glare source can all be accounted for in terms of the veiling luminance produced by stray light falling on the fovea.
Synthesis of Nanometer-Sized Silica by Controlled Hydrolysis in Reverse Micellar Systems (1994)

The synthesis of nanometer-sized silica particles by the base-catalyzed, controlled hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in a nonionic reverse micellar system is described. Spectrofluorometric techniques were used to characterize the reverse micellar solutions. Particle characterization was conducted by transmission electron microscopy. The effect of the water-to-surfactant molar ratio (R) on particle size and size distribution was investigated over a wide range of R values (0.50 to 3.54). Stable dispersions of amorphous silica with mean particle diameters in the range of 46 to 68 nm were produced. Small (46 nm) and extremely monodisperse particles (polydispersity below 4%) were obtained at intermediate R values (1.4), whereas both particle size and polydispersity increased at lower and higher R values. The effects of R on particle size and size distribution are discussed in terms of water "reactivity" (i.e., proportion of bound to free water), concentration of reverse surfactant aggregates, distribution of hydrolyzed TEOS molecules among aggregates, and dynamics of intermicellar matter exchange. A mechanistic model for particle nucleation and growth in these systems is proposed.
Central Actions of Ovarian Steroids in the Feedback Regulation of Pulsatile Secretion of Luteinizing Hormone (1987)

I have considered the neural organization of the system responsible for pulsatile LH and GnRH secretion and have described the feedback actions of two ovarian steroids, estradiol and progesterone. These steroidal feedbacks are complex: They are time and dose dependent; they include both inductive and inhibitory effects; they reflect actions at multiple sites within the hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis. In this review we emphasized two ovarian steroids especially important to this regulatory system and observations in females of two species that have been particularly well studied in this regard. This emphasis required exclusion of excellent studies in other species, with other steroids, and in the other sex. This focus, however, permitted a more detailed evaluation of current concepts in an area of fundamental importance to the neuroendocrine regulation of reproduction.
A New Unsupervised Neural Network for Pattern Recognition with Spiking Neurons (2006)

In this paper we propose a three-layered neural network for binary pattern recognition and memorization. Unlike the classic approach to pattern recognition, our net works organizing itself in an unsupervised way, to distinguish beetween different patterns or to recognize similar ones. If we present a binary input to the first layer, after some time steps we could read the output of the net in the third layer, as one and only one neuron activating with high firing rate; the middle layer will act as a generalization layer, i.e. similar pattern will have similar (or the same) representation in the middle layer. We used learning algorithms inspired from other works or from biological data to achieve network stability and a correct pattern memorization. The network can be used for pattern recognition or generalization by selecting output signals from the selection layer or the generalization layer.
[Health status of physicians]. (1991)

According to the results of a comprehensive socio-hygienic survey, a characteristic of the health status of physicians in Tatarstan is provided. The health status was studied by computation using the specially designed statistical cards of primary sick lists, death certificates, primary disability. The materials were processed on AT personal computers according to the programme developed by us. The findings would permit one to scientifically substantiate measures aimed at promoting health of physicians.
A commentary on the "New Approach to LP" (1974)

Probably the most eventful occurrence at the recent Mathematical Programming Symposium at Stanford was Dr. Hugo Scolnik's presentation of his New Approach to Linear Programming. This approach rapidly became the subject of much discussion, and a somewhat hastily written version (and later an addendum) of the presentation was distributed in response to the general clamor (this material was reproduced in the last issue of this Newsletter). By the end of the symposium the odds seemed to have shifted to the viewpoint that Scolnik may indeed have a major new result.
The Influence of Glycosaminoglycans on the Formation of Fibers from Monomeric Tropocollagen <i>in vitro</i> (1973)

Well‐characterized, monomeric, lathyritic tropocollagen and a variety of well‐characterized glycosaminoglycan preparations have been used in turbidimetric studies on collagen fiber formation in vitro. The experiments have been performed under physiological ionic conditions and at 37°C. It has been shown by others that the fibrillogenetic process consists of two stages, a nucleation phase and a fiber growth phase. By addition of polysaccharides before and after the nucleation phase it was possible to differentiate between the effects of the polysaccharides on the nucleation and on the fiber‐growth, respectively. Chondroitin sulphate, dermatan sulphate, heparan sulphate, heparin and proteoglycans of chondroitin sulphate and dermatan sulphate, which at 4°C form complexes with tropocollagen, in most cases accelerated the fiber formation, when they were added before the nucleation phase. This phenomenon was ascribed to an effect on the nucleation process. When added after the nucleation phase chondroitin sulphate, a heparan sulphate fraction and especially the proteoglycans delayed the fiber formation. This observation was ascribed to an inhibition of fiber growth from the nuclei. Hyaluronic acid, which increases the activity of the tropocollagen molecules by steric exclusion, accelerated both the nucleation and the fiber growth processes. Keratan sulphate, which does not form complexes with collagen, had no or a slightly decelerating effect, either when added before or after the nucleation. It could be demonstrated by light‐scattering technique that certain glycosaminoglycans influenced the properties of the collagen fibrils formed during the early fiber formation process. The observation that certain polysaccharides had different effects on collagen fiber formation, when added before or after the nucleation, shows that the state of aggregation (nucleation) of collagen is of prime importance in determining the effects exerted by the polysaccharides. This finding may explain some of the contradictory data in the literature. Chemical and physical heterogeneity of the glycosaminoglycans also influenced their mode of interaction with collagen during fiber formation.
Atomic Force Microscope Based Nanolithography of Self-Assembled Organosilane Monolayer Resists (1998)

Atomic force microscope (AFM) has been used to investigate organosilane self-assembled monolayer films (SAMs) for nanometer-scale lithography. The octadecyldimethylmethoxysilane monolayer as a resist was prepared on a Si substrate by using the immersion method. Patterning was accomplished through the localized degradation of the monolayer as a result of anodic reaction induced by an AFM tip. When the negative bias voltage was 10–30 V, the protruding lines appeared in the exposed regions and the minimum linewidth was 70 nm. The pattern fabricated on the monolayer was transferred to the Si substrate by chemical etching in buffered oxide etch (BOE) solution. The etching proceeded area selectively in the regions where the probe had passed, while the surrounding area remained unetched due to the resistivity of the undegraded monolayer to the etching.
Chair-barrier varactors on GaAs for frequency triplers (2002)

Earlier single-barrier varactors (SBV) had low Q because of leaky barriers. By placing a thin AlAs layer in the center of an Al/sub 0.4/Ga/sub 0.8/As barrier and using In/sub 0.2/Ga/sub 0.8/As spacers we increase the effective barrier height, thereby achieving SBVs with both high Q and good capacitance-modulation characteristics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effectiveness of Anticancer Drugs Determined in Nude Mice Inoculated With [<sup>125</sup>I]5-Iodo-2′-deoxyuridine-Prelabeled Human Melanoma Cells<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1">2</xref> (1985)

Anticancer drugs were tested on NIH-2 nude mice inoculated ip with BRO human melanoma cells, which are rapidly lethal for these hosts. Criteria for drug activity were a) increased host survival and b) an increased rate of radioactivity loss from mice bearing BRO cells prelabeled with [125I]5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine. Diphtheria toxin, which is selectively toxic to human cells compared to mouse cells, prolonged host survival and accelerated 125I elimination in a dose-dependent manner. Drugs that increased the rate of 125I loss compared to the rate of untreated mice also prolonged the lives of treated mice. With one exception, drugs that did not accelerate 125I elimination had little or no effect on the length of survival.
General Theorems Applying to All the Groups of Order 32 (1936)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
In orbit manufacture of solar reflector satellites (1978)

The implementation of an idea reported by Oberth (1929) is discussed. This idea is concerned with the reflection of sunlight to the ground by means of orbiting metal mirrors. The approach used for implementing Oberth's idea makes use of aluminized Mylar as a reflecting material which is supported with the aid of a structure which includes six booms and a peripheral mirror cable. Four low resistance one turn coils are formed by the structure. Magnetic forces for attitude maneuvers are obtained by energizing the coils. A bipropellant propulsion system is to be used to raise the initial 330 km circular parking orbit to a 330 by 1000 km elliptic orbit. Two thrusters are employed. They are oriented parallel to each other and the mirror surface. The mirror satellite can be completely folded so as to maximize the launch capability of the Shuttle.
[Chronic alcoholic intoxication in animals as a model for the study of the safety of new anti-alcohol agents]. (1983)

Experiments on 200 noninbred male rats have demonstrated that daily administration of ethanol per os in a dose of 8 g/kg (2/3 LD50) for a month produced pathological changes in organs and systems of the body, which were similar to the manifestations of chronic alcoholic intoxication in man. It is concluded that the model under consideration may be used during preclinical study of the safety of new antialcoholic agents.
Towards a metrics based verification and validation maturity model (2004)

Verification and validation (V&V) is only marginally addressed in software process improvement models like CMM and CMMI. A roadmap for the establishment of a sound verification and validation process in software development organizations is badly needed. This paper presents a basis for a roadmap; it describes a framework for improvement of the V&V process, based on the Testing Maturity Model (TMM), but with considerable enhancements. The model, tentatively named MB-V/sup 2/M/sup 2/ (Metrics Based Verification and Validation Maturity Model), has been initiated by a consortium of industrial companies, consultancy & service agencies and an academic institute, operating and residing in the Netherlands. MB-V/sup 2/M/sup 2/ is designed to be universally applicable, to unite the strengths of known (verification and validation) improvement models and to reflect proven work practices. It recommends a metrics base to select process improvements and to track and control implementation of improvement actions. This paper outlines the model and addresses the current status.
The binary quantizer (1949)

The binary quantizer is a new device for translating a time-varying voltage into a binary number. Although primarily designed for computing work, this apparatus may find use where quantization of a continuously varying function is desired, as in pulse code modulators, automatic metering devices, and recording machines employing typed or printed numbers.
Relationship of Various Behaviors in the Open-Field Test of Emotionality (1964)

Using Hall's open-field test of emotionality, measures of latency, ambulation, rearing, defecation, urination, and squealing were obtained from 126 male Sprague-Dawley rats for 4 daily sessions. Defecation correlated significantly only with urination. The hypothesis that defecation and ambulation are inversely related was not confirmed. Emotionality, in the rat, is best defined by amount of defecation in the open field.
Investing : tax should not be the only consideration : income tax (2015)

hate tax! These were the words spoken by a director of one of the clients of the audit firm with whom I served articles. Whilst many would agree with this sentiment towards the taxman, this particular individual's zeal in devising schemes to pay as little tax as possible was legendary in our firm.