gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frequency-Importance and Transfer Functions for Recorded CID W-22 Word Lists (1991)

Frequency-importance and transfer functions for the Technisonic Studios' recordings of the CID W-22 word test are reported. These functions may be used to calculate Articulation Index (AI) values or to predict scores on the W-22 test. The functions were derived from the word recognition scores of 8 normal-hearing listeners who were tested under 308 conditions of filtering and masking. The importance function for the W-22 test has a broader frequency range and a different shape than the importance function used in the current ANSI standard on the Articulation Index (ANSI, 1969). The transfer function is similar in slope to the ANSI transfer function for 256 PB-words, but is shifted to the right of that function by 0.05 AI.
Genetic approaches to adoptive cellular therapy of malignancy. (1996)

The rapid strides made in recombinant gene technology have been the impetus for equally dramatic developments in our understanding of various aspects of cancer biology. These areas include genetic events leading to carcinogenesis, growth factors, cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and metastasis. Novel therapeutic approaches that take advantage of this new knowledge involve biological alteration of the host target cell at a genetic level. Many of these approaches are discussed in greater detail in other sections of this issue. This article focuses on genetic approaches to the adoptive immunotherapy of malignancy. This form of cellular therapy refers to the infusion of tumor reactive immune cells to mediate regression of established tumor. This review is divided into several areas, each one involving different methods of genetic manipulation to generate immune cells for subsequent adoptive transfer and include: (1) the use of gene-modified tumors to serve as immunogens to generate antitumor T cells, (2) genetic manipulation of effector cells to enhance antitumor reactivity; and (3) genetic construction of immunocompetent effector cells from naive cells.
[Prevention and treatment of urinary infection in patients with an indwelling catheter: continuous vesical irrigation with a mixed antibiotic solution of neomycin and polymyxin B]. (1979)

A method of continuous lavage of the bladder using a solution containing a mixture of Neomycine and Polymyxine-B was tried out in 32 patients with indwelling urinary catheters. To do this, a three-channel catheter was used, lubricated with an antibacterial cream and connected to a plastic container which could be emptied without removing the catheter. This method of treatment, which was effective, well tolerated and simple to use, would appear to be a useful addition to the prevention and treatment of urinary infections in patients with in-dwelling catheters.
The complete genome sequence of the plant pathogen <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> (2000)

Conference Abstract| October 01 2000 The complete genome sequence of the plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa A. J. G. Simpson A. J. G. Simpson 1Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Sao Paulo, Brazil Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (2000) 28 (5): A102. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst028a102b Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation A. J. G. Simpson; The complete genome sequence of the plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa. Biochem Soc Trans 1 October 2000; 28 (5): A102. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst028a102b Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2000 Biochemical Society2000 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Environment and Spray Additive Effects on Picloram Absorption and Translocation in Leafy Spurge (<i>Euphorbia esula</i>) (1989)

Relative humidity after application, spray additives, and solution pH affected both foliar absorption and translocation of 14 C-picloram to leafy spurge roots. 14 C-picloram absorption increased from 11 to 34% and translocation increased from 5 to 21% as time at posttreatment humidity increased from 0 to 48 h. Absorption and translocation were not different when pre- or posttreatment temperatures were 30/18 or 18/10 C (day/night). 14 C-picloram absorption and translocation to the roots were 18 and 6%, respectively, when applied alone, and increased to 46 and 12%, respectively, when applied with ammonium sulfate at 2.5 kg/ha. Absorption and translocation were unaffected by ammonium nitrate. Foliar absorption and translocation of 14 C-picloram in leafy spurge were unaffected by pH of unbuffered spray solution but increased at least 50% when applied in a solution buffered at pH 4.8 with trisodium citrate. Foliar absorption in detached leafy spurge leaves increased from 26 to 51% of applied 14 C as the citrate buffer concentration increased from 0.01 to 0.1 mM, respectively.
Theoretical analysis of cylindrical hybrid modes in a corrugated horn (1969)

The propagation behaviour of a corrugated cylinder is considered with particular reference to the application of such structures to hybrid-mode feeds for large reflector antennas. Results are presented which relate to the design of narrow-flare-angle horns of circular cross-section. These include the parametric dependence of a number of special points on the propagation curves. A procedure for achieving a balanced hybrid condition in the horn aperture is discussed following the proposal made by Bryant.
Frequency Selective Surfaces: A Review (2018)

The intent of this paper is to provide an overview of basic concepts, types, techniques, and experimental studies of the current state-of-the-art Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSSs). FSS is a periodic surface with identical two-dimensional arrays of elements arranged on a dielectric substrate. An incoming plane wave will either be transmitted (passband) or reflected back (stopband), completely or partially, depending on the nature of array element. This occurs when the frequency of electromagnetic (EM) wave matches with the resonant frequency of the FSS elements. Therefore, an FSS is capable of passing or blocking the EM waves of certain range of frequencies in the free space; consequently, identified as spatial filters. Nowadays, FSSs have been studied comprehensively and huge growth is perceived in the field of its designing and implementation for different practical applications at frequency ranges of microwave to optical. In this review article, we illustrate the recent researches on different categories of FSSs based on structure design, array element used, and applications. We also focus on theoretical breakthroughs with fabrication techniques, experimental verifications of design examples as well as prospects and challenges, especially in the microwave regime. We emphasize their significant performance parameters, particularly focusing on how advancement in this field could facilitate innovation in advanced electromagnetics.
Zinc dust treatment—an effective method for the control of bronze disease on excavated objects (1995)

Silver oxide is currently used to treat isolated spats of bronze disease, forming a seal of silver chloride. The technique is not infallible: an analytical study showed that the conductive properties of the silver chloride seal, together with the comparatively poor moisture barrier formed, are the factors responsible for failure. In the new zinc dust treatment proposed, tough, adherent and relatively stable zinc compounds form an improved barrier, effectively sealing the area of bronze disease. Objects treated with zinc dust were subjected to high humidity for several months and afterwards exposed to a tropical humid environment for four to five years. These objects showed no re-emergence of bronze disease whereas repeated use of silver oxide failed to stabilize the objects. The method developed is simple, less time-consuming, and relatively easy to employ.
Development and evaluation of plasma-sprayed MgO-ZrO/sub 2/ and ZrO/sub 2/-Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/ thermal-barrier coatings (1982)

The goals of this thermal barrier improvement program were achieved. A new thermal barrier coating was developed which had much superior thermal fatigue resistance than previous base-line thermal barrier coatings. The high density plus microcracked ZrO/sub 2/-6.6Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/ lasted about three times longer in a 2260/sup 0/F thermal fatique test and more than five times longer in the 2100/sup 0/F test than the current standard, medium density MgO.ZrO/sub 2/. Both the MgO.ZrO/sub 2/ and ZrO/sub 2/-6.6Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/ families of coatings passed the cyclic corrosion test without failure. The same corrosion test caused massive spallation in a porous ZrO/sub 2/-2OY/sub 2/O/sub 3/ coating. This work also demonstrated the usefulness of a controlled microcrack population and an internally strong oxide microstructure.
Quantitation of Hydrogen Peroxide Fluctuations and Their Modulation of Dopamine Dynamics in the Rat Dorsal Striatum Using Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry (2013)

The dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) projection from the substantia nigra to the dorsal striatum become dysfunctional and slowly degenerate in Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder that afflicts more than one million Americans. There is no specific known cause for idiopathic Parkinson's disease; however, multiple lines of evidence implicate oxidative stress as an underlying factor in both the initiation and progression of the disease. This involves the enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), whose role in complex biological processes is not well understood. Using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry at bare carbon-fiber microelectrodes, we have simultaneously monitored and quantified H2O2 and DA fluctuations in intact striatal tissue under basal conditions and in response to the initiation of oxidative stress. Furthermore, we have assessed the effect of acute increases in local H2O2 concentration on both electrically evoked DA release and basal DA levels. Increases in endogenous H2O2 in the dorsal striatum attenuated electrically evoked DA release, and also decreased basal DA levels in this brain region. These novel results will help to disambiguate the chemical mechanisms underlying the progression of neurodegenerative disease states, such as Parkinson's disease, that involve oxidative stress.
A Rapid Method for Inoculating Soybean Seedlings with<i>Heterodera glycines</i> (1991)

A mouth-pipetting method and a newly described method of inoculation of soybean (Glycine max) seedlings with resistance to the soybean cyst nematode (SCN) Heterodera glycines race 3 were evaluated. Neither method resulted in a change for the index of parasitism in soybean genotypes Peking, Pickett-71, PI 90763, or PI 88788. The auto-dispenser method resulted in a narrow range of cysts (160-184 per plant) produced on the susceptible cultivar Essex and gave a lower standard of deviation than the mouth-pipetting method. The new method is approximately 18 times faster than the mouth-pipetting method and requires only a single individual to conduct the inoculation (...)
The Lung Is The Major Site That Produces Nitric Oxide To Induce Acute Pulmonary Oedema In Endotoxin Shock (2001)

1. The present study was undertaken to determine the locus of nitric oxide (NO) production that is toxic to the lung and produces acute pulmonary oedema in endotoxin shock, to examine and compare the effects of changes in lung perfusate on endotoxin-induced pulmonary oedema (EPE) and to evaluate the involvement of constitutive and inducible NO synthase (cNOS and iNOS, respectively). 2. Experiments were designed to induce septic shock in anaesthetized rats with the administration of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Exhaled NO, lung weight (LW)/bodyweight (BW) ratio, LW gain (LWG) and lung histology were measured and observed to determine the degree of EPE 4 h following LPS. The EPE was compared between groups in which LPS had been injected either into the systemic circulation or into the isolated perfused lung. The lung perfusate was altered from whole blood to physiological saline solution (PSS) with 6% albumin to test whether different lung perfusions affected EPE. Pretreatment with various NOS inhibitors was undertaken 10 min before LPS to investigate the contribution of cNOS and iNOS to the observed effects. 3. Endotoxin caused profound systemic hypotension, but little change in pulmonary arterial pressure. The extent of EPE was not different between that induced by systemic injection and that following administration to isolated lungs preparations. Replacement of whole blood with PSS greatly attenuated (P < 0.05) EPE. In blood-perfused lungs, pretreatment with NOS inhibitors, such as Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, aminoguanidine and dexamethasone, significantly prevented EPE (P < 0.05). 4. The major site of NO production through the whole blood is in the lung. The NO production mediated by the iNOS system is toxic to the endothelium in the pulmonary microvasculature. Inhalation of NO for patients with sepsis may be used with clinical caution. Therapeutic consideration of lung extracorporeal perfusion with PSS and pharmacological pretreatment with iNOS inhibitors may be warranted.
Reversible Hydrophobic to Hydrophilic Transition in Graphene via Water Splitting Induced by UV Irradiation (2014)

Although the reversible wettability transition between hydrophobic and hydrophilic graphene under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation has been observed, the mechanism for this phenomenon remains unclear. In this work, experimental and theoretical investigations demonstrate that the H2O molecules are split into hydrogen and hydroxyl radicals, which are then captured by the graphene surface through chemical binding in an ambient environment under UV irradiation. The dissociative adsorption of H2O molecules induces the wettability transition in graphene from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. Our discovery may hold promise for the potential application of graphene in water splitting.
Seamless assembly of recombinant adenoviral genomes from high-copy plasmids (2018)

The adenoviruses are essential tools for basic research and therapeutic development. Robust methods for the generation of mutant and recombinant viruses are crucial for these diverse applications. Here we describe a simple plasmid-based method that permits highly efficient modification of the adenoviral genome and rapid production of high-titer virus stocks. The 36-kilobase genome of adenovirus serotype 5 was divided into seven tractable blocks that could be individually modified in a single step and reassembled in vitro. Because the system is composed of compact modules, modifications at different loci can be readily recombined. Viral assemblies were delivered to packaging cells by electroporation, a strategy that consistently resulted in the de novo production of 108 infectious units in 3-5 days. In principle, a similar strategy could be applied to any other adenovirus serotype or to other double-strand DNA viruses.
Reduced expression levels of the cell-cycle inhibitor p27Kip1 in human pituitary adenomas (1999)

The molecular mechanisms leading to increased cellular proliferation rates and, thus, tumor formation in the anterior pituitary gland are poorly understood. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 is a key molecule regulating the G1 phase of the cell cycle in many cell types. Furthermore, it was shown that p27 knock-out mice develop pro-opiomelanocortin-positive pituitary tumors. In an effort to clarify the role of p27 in the normal and tumorous human pituitary, we studied the expression of p27 by immunohistochemistry, using a highly specific mouse monoclonal anti-human p27 antibody. Normal pituitaries and 54 pituitary adenomas (twelve somatotrope adenomas, nine prolactinomas, twelve corticotrope adenomas, three TSH-producing tumors, six gonadotrope adenomas, six null cell adenomas, and six oncocytomas) were analyzed. p27 expression was determined semiquantitatively with regard to both the percentage of positive cells and the intensity of the staining. Normal human pituitaries showed strong expression of p27 in most nuclei. In contrast, the levels of p27 were reduced in the majority of the tumors analyzed. Twenty-two tumors (six somatotrope adenomas, five prolactinomas, four corticotrope adenomas, two TSH-producing tumors, two gonadotrope adenomas, and three null cell adenomas) were completely p27-negative. In 18 tumors, p27 expression was found in < or = 10% of the cells. In the other ten tumors, 11-80% of the cells were p27-positive. In summary, we were able to demonstrate reduced expression levels of the cell-cycle inhibitor p27 in tumors derived from all pituitary cell types. Our data indicate that p27 may be an important regulator of cellular proliferation in the anterior pituitary, the underexpression of which could play a role in pituitary tumorigenesis.
Broadcast data organizations and client side cache (2004)

Broadcasting provides an efficient means for disseminating information in both wired and wireless setting. In this paper, we study different client side cache organizations for various types of multiversion data broadcast, i.e., data broadcast in which more than one value is broadcast per data item. Besides increasing the concurrency of client transactions, multiversion broadcast provides clients with the possibility of accessing multiple server states. For example, such a functionality is essential to support applications that require access to data sequences and have limited local memory to store the previous versions, such as in the case of sensor networks.
Other targeted drugs in melanoma. (2015)

Targeted therapy drugs are developed against specific molecular alterations on cancer cells. Because they are "targeted" to the tumor, these therapies are more effective and better tolerated than conventional therapies such as chemotherapy. In the last decade, great advances have been made in understanding of melanoma biology and identification of molecular mechanisms involved in malignant transformation of cells. The identification of oncogenic mutated kinases involved in this process provides an opportunity for development of new target therapies. The dependence of melanoma on BRAF-mutant kinase has provided an opportunity for development of mutation-specific inhibitors with high activity and excellent tolerance that are now being used in clinical practice. This marked a new era in the treatment of metastatic melanoma and much research is now ongoing to identify other "druggable" kinases and transduction signaling networking. It is expected that in the near future the spectrum of target drugs for melanoma treatment will increase. Herein, we review the most relevant potential novel drugs for melanoma treatment based on preclinical data and the results of early clinical trials.
A carbon nanotube cortical neuron with excitatory and inhibitory dendritic computations (2009)

A cortical neuron with carbon nanotube circuit elements that performs nonlinear dendritic computations with excitatory and inhibitory post-synaptic potentials is presented. An inhibitory synapse with controllable parameters that implement plasticity is described. The circuit design was simulated using carbon nanotube spice models, showing that the neuron fires as long as the inhibitory post-synaptic potential is weak or absent. Strong inhibitory potentials prevent the neuron from firing.
An update of neuroprotectants in clinical development for acute stroke. (2001)

Neuroprotectants are drugs designed to treat stroke by preserving ischemic neurons in the penumbra. Despite numerous studies over the past ten years, no such drug has yet shown clinical efficacy. This article reviews those trials completed since 1999, including assessments of drugs that modify receptors or ion flow, block leukocyte adhesion receptors or stabilize membranes. In addition, ongoing trials and early trials using novel mechanisms of action, such as hypothermia and antioxidants, are discussed.
Degradation of Organic Pollutants in a Photoelectrocatalytic System Enhanced by a Microbial Fuel Cell (2010)

Photocatalytic oxidation mediated by TiO(2) is a promising oxidation process for degradation of organic pollutants, but suffers from the decreased photocatalytic efficiency attributed to the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes. Thus, a cost-effective supply of external electrons is an effective way to elevate the photocatalytic efficiency. Here we report a novel bioelectrochemical system to effectively reduce p-nitrophenol as a model organic pollutant with utilization of the energy derived from a microbial fuel cell. In such a system, there is a synergetic effect between the electrochemical and photocatalytic oxidation processes. Kinetic analysis shows that the system exhibits a more rapid p-nitrophenol degradation at a rate two times the sum of rates by the individual photocatalytic and electrochemical methods. The system performance is influenced by both external resistor and electrolyte concentration. Either a lower external resistor or a lower electrolyte concentration results in a higher p-nitrophenol degradation rate. This system has a potential for the effective degradation of refractory organic pollutants and provides a new way for utilization of the energy generated from conversion of organic wastes by microbial fuel cells.
Heaterless ignition of inert gas ion thruster hollow cathodes (1985)

Heaterless inert gas ion thruster hollow cathodes were investigated with the aim of reducing ion thruster complexity and increasing ion thruster reliability. Cathodes heated by glow discharges are evaluated for power requirements, flowrate requirements, and life limiting mechanisms. An accelerated cyclic life test is presented.
Enantioselective synthesis of tertiary thiols by intramolecular arylation of lithiated thiocarbamates (2011)

Lithiation of N-aryl S-α-alkylbenzyl thiocarbamates leads to rearrangement with migration of the N-aryl ring to the anionic centre α to S, a process which generally proceeds with ca. 98% retention of stereochemistry and returns chiral benzylic tertiary thiols in high enantiomeric ratios.
Heparin-Antithrombin III Binding <i>In vitro </i>and <i>in vivo </i>Studies (1979)

Heparin antithrombin III binding was studied by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. In plasma and purified antithrombin III standard, multicomponent patterns were obtained with low concentrations of mucosal heparin. There is evidence that antithrombin III may bind more than one heparin molecule. At high heparin concentration (greater than 16 U/ml), single symmetrical peaks were obtained. Serum samples showed two antithrombin III peaks due to a decreased heparin binding of the slower peak (2.1-3.9 times), which was probably antithrombin III-activated procoagulant complexes. Heparin analogue (A 73025) also bound antithrombin III in vitro but the mobility of the peak was slower than with mucosal heparin and only a single peak was obtained in serum samples. Radioimmunoassay showed a decreased binding of antithrombin III antibody to heparin-antithrombin III complex. Venous occlusion to the forearm resulted in a slow second peak in the plasma. Heparin therapy gave rise to a double peak in the plasma antithrombin III profile and with continuous infusion, quantitative decreases were noted in all subjects studied, two of whom rethrombosed at the end of 7 days therapy.