gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface potential determination in metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors (1994)

Different methods using the relationship between surface potential ΨS and gate bias VG in metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors have been compared. These methods can be applied even if the doping profile is very abrupt and the interface state density very high. The shifts of midgap, flatband, and threshold voltages, observed after Fowler–Nordheim electron injection, and deduced from the various ΨS(VG) relationships obtained by these different methods, are in good agreement. These shifts give the number of effective oxide trapped charges (Nox) per unit area and acceptor-like and donor-like interface states (NSSA and NSSD) which are created during the electron injection. We reveal that the number of positive charges created in the gate oxide, unlike the number of generated interface states, strongly depends on the position of the post-metallization annealing step in the process. After relaxation of the stressed MOS capacitors, most of the generated positive charges can be attributed, in the MOS capacitors studied, to hydrogen-related species. It seems that the interface states are essentially created by the recombination of holes generated by electron impact.
Electrochemical reduction of 3-cyano-1-methylpyridinium iodide, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide model compound (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical reduction of 3-cyano-1-methylpyridinium iodide, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide model compoundItalo Carelli, Marlo E. Cardinali, Antonio Casini, and Alberto ArnoneCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 25, 3967–3969Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00887a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00887a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views81Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Requirement of Fra proteins for communication channels between cells in the filamentous nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium<i>Anabaena</i>sp. PCC 7120 (2015)

The filamentous nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 differentiates specialized cells, heterocysts, that fix atmospheric nitrogen and transfer the fixed nitrogen to adjacent vegetative cells. Reciprocally, vegetative cells transfer fixed carbon to heterocysts. Several routes have been described for metabolite exchange within the filament, one of which involves communicating channels that penetrate the septum between adjacent cells. Several fra gene mutants were isolated 25 y ago on the basis of their phenotypes: inability to fix nitrogen and fragmentation of filaments upon transfer from N+ to N- media. Cryopreservation combined with electron tomography were used to investigate the role of three fra gene products in channel formation. FraC and FraG are clearly involved in channel formation, whereas FraD has a minor part. Additionally, FraG was located close to the cytoplasmic membrane and in the heterocyst neck, using immunogold labeling with antibody raised to the N-terminal domain of the FraG protein.
Method for read width determination at high track densities by imaging the magnetic field emitted by narrow Cu waveguides (2004)

In this paper, we have characterized the magnetic field from waveguides with widths ranging from 1 /spl mu/m to < 100 nm, in both single and dual wire geometrics. Our Cu waveguides are fabricated by a combination of conventional optical lithography and electron beam lithography. The magnetic field of the wire is detected using giant magnetoresistance (GMR) read sensors, and the measurements are performed.
Bias-dependent oscillatory electron transport of monatomic sulfur chains (2012)

The bias-dependent oscillatory electron transport of monatomic sulfur chains sandwiched between gold electrodes is investigated with density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green’s function method. At zero bias, in contrast to the typical odd-even oscillations observed in most metallic chains, we find that the conductance oscillates with a period of four atoms. However, as the bias voltage is increased the current displays a two-atom periodicity. This emerges gradually, first for the longer chains and then, at voltages larger than 0.7 V, for lengths. The oscillatory behaviors are analyzed by the density of states and the energy-dependent and bias-dependent transmission coefficients.
Preparation of oxygen enrichment membrane containing fixed metal complex carriers. (1990)

Oxygen enrichment membranes containing fixed metal complex carriers were prepared. Schiff bases with cobalt as a ligand were used as metal complex carriers of oxygen. In one type of membrane, Schiff base cobalt complex was coated on the surface of polysulfone support. In another type, after mixing of metal complexes with polymers (silicone or cellulose acetate), the membranes were fabricated. In the former case, the membrane having the permeation rate (O2) of 4.70 × 10-6cm3/cm2·s·cm Hg and separation factor (PO2/PN2) of 3.9 at 1 kg/cm2 was obtained. In latter cases, the membranes having so excellent performances were not prepared, but some informations concerning fixed carrier membranes were obtained.
Acetonitrilebis(nitrato-κ<sup>2</sup><i>O</i>,<i>O</i>′)(1,10-phenanthroline)cobalt(II) (2006)

In the title compound, [Co(NO3)2(C2H3N)(C12H8N2)], the cobalt(II) centre adopts a seven-coordinate distorted penta­gonal–bipyramidal geometry, being coordinated by a bidentate 1,10-phenanthroline, two bidentate nitrate anions and an acetonitrile ligand. The two axial sites are occupied by the acetonitrile ligand and one N-atom donor from the phenanthroline. The major distortions from ideal geometry occur within the equatorial plane, and are due to the narrow bite angle of the bidentate nitrate anions.
THE EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC OXYTOCIN UPON SEMINAL CHARACTERISTICS AND SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR IN MALE RABBITS (1968)

In male rabbits the composition of the ejaculate changes, and the willingness to copulate increases upon intravenous injection of purified extract of the posterior lobe of the pituitary (Kihlström & Melin, 1963; Melin & Kihlström, 1963). These effects were ascribed to the oxytocic activity of the extract which, however, may contain small amounts of other hormones as impurities. For this reason the experiments have been repeated, using synthetic oxytocin (Syntocinon, Sandoz). Eight sexually mature rabbits of the Bourgogne breed, none of them more than 2 years old, were studied from 10th February to 27th May. The bucks were kept in individual cages throughout the experimental period and were all given the same kind of food once a day at a given time. The temperature in the animal house varied between + 16 and +18 ° C. Before the start of the
8-Aza-analogues of PMEA and PMEG: Synthesis and<i>In Vitro</i>Anti-HIV Activity (1994)

Abstract 8-Aza-analogues of the potent antiviral nucleotide analogues 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA) and 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)-ethyl]guanine (PMEG) were prepared and evaluated for activity against human immunodeficiency viruses. When compared to the parent compounds, 8-aza-PMEA (1) and -PMEG (2) were less cytotoxic for MT-4 cells, but also less potent against HIV-1 and HIV-2. A new synthesis of PMEG starting from guanine is also reported.
Comparative FISH mapping of 32 loci reveals new homologous regions between donkey and horse karyotypes (2001)

A total of 32 loci comprising specific genes, microsatellites and anonymous BAC clones from horse and cattle were mapped on donkey chromosomes. Of these, 13 markers were also mapped for the first time in the horse. This information, together with that previously available in donkey and horse updates the comparative status of the karyotypes of the two species. The findings of the present study for the first time show correlation between eleven equine acrocentric autosomes and the donkey chromosomes and in part enable detection of rearrangements between them. There are still 7-8 pairs of chromosomes/arms for which no correspondence is known. At least 20 chromosome rearrangements (inversions, fusions and fissions) are already identified that differentiate the two karyotypes. More will be known once complete correspondence is deduced between them. These observations match similar differences observed between human-gibbon and mouse-rat karyotypes that show considerable rearrangements in relation to each other. How donkey and horse karyotypes gathered these differences within a short period of 5-10 Myr since divergence from a common ancestor will be known only after an ancestral equid karyotype is deduced, and the direction of change leading to chromosome rearrangements is clearly understood.
Troponin T is capable of binding dystrophin via a leucine zipper (1994)

Using genetic and physical assays for protein-protein interactions, we identified a fast isoform of troponin T that binds to dystrophin. Troponin T specifically bound to the first of two highly conserved leucine zipper motifs in the carboxy terminus of dystrophin [1,2]. Single amino acid changes in the zipper predicted to disrupt alpha-helix formation or cause steric hindrance abolished this binding. These data support the hypothesis that dystrophin couples the contractile apparatus to the sarcolemma and indicate that leucine zipper mediated protein-protein interactions are functionally important in the cytoskeleton as well as the nucleus.
[Types of kidney calculi. Relationship with urinary biochemistry]. (2001)

From the detailed study of the renal calculus important etiologic factors can be deduced. Such information complements and confirms the urinary biochemical studies. As a consequence, the corresponding treatment can be better established.
A motif rich in charged residues determines product specificity in isomaltulose synthase (2003)

Isomaltulose synthase (PalI) catalyzes hydrolysis of sucrose and formation of alpha-1,6 and alpha-1,1 bonds to produce isomaltulose (alpha-D-glucosylpyranosyl-1,6-D-fructofranose) and small amount of trehalulose (alpha-D-glucosylpyranosyl-1,1-D-fructofranose). A potential isomaltulose synthase-specific motif ((325)RLDRD(329)), that contains a 'DxD' motif conserved in many glycosyltransferases, was identified based on sequence comparison with reference to the secondary structural features of PalI and homologs. Site-directed mutagenesis analysis of the motif showed that the four charged amino acid residues (Arg(325), Arg(328), Asp(327) and Asp(329)) influence the enzyme kinetics and determine the product specificity. Mutation of these four residues increased trehalulose formation by 17-61% and decreased isomaltulose by 26-67%. We conclude that the 'RLDRD' motif controls the product specificity of PalI.
Central Administration of Lipopolysaccharide Induces Depressive-like Behavior in Vivo and Activates Brain Indoleamine 2,3 Dioxygenase In Murine Organotypic Hippocampal Slice Cultures (2010)

These data establish that activation of the innate immune system in the brain is sufficient to activate IDO and induce depressive-like behavior in the absence of detectable IFN gamma. Targeting IDO itself may provide a novel therapy for inflammation-associated depression.
<title>Overview of biomedical applications of neural networks</title> (1995)

Biomedical applications of neural networks are reviewed. Early applications are briefly mentioned. Applications published in the period 1991 - 1994 provide the main focus for a selected bibliography of over 100 references appearing in the paper. References are organized according to medical discipline. Emergent patterns and trends, and predictions for future developments, are briefly discussed.
Muscle-specific transgenic complementation of GLUT4-deficient mice. Effects on glucose but not lipid metabolism. (1997)

We have taken the approach of introducing the muscle-specific myosin light chain (MLC)-GLUT4 transgene into the GLUT4-null background to assess the relative role of muscle and adipose tissue GLUT4 in the etiology of the GLUT4-null phenotype. The resulting MLC-GLUT4-null mice express GLUT4 predominantly in the fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. GLUT4 is nearly absent in female white adipose tissue (WAT) and slow-twitch soleus muscle of both sexes of MLC-GLUT4-null mice. GLUT4 content in male MLC-GLUT4-null WAT is 20% of that in control mice. In transgenically complemented EDL muscle, 2-deoxyglucose (2-DOG) uptake was restored to normal (male) or above normal (female) levels. In contrast, 2-DOG uptake in slow-twitch soleus muscle of MLC-GLUT4-null mice was not normalized. With the normalization of glucose uptake in fast-twitch skeletal muscle, whole body insulin action was restored in MLC-GLUT4-null mice, as shown by the results of the insulin tolerance test. These results demonstrate that skeletal muscle GLUT4 is a major regulator of skeletal muscle and whole body glucose metabolism. Despite normal skeletal muscle glucose uptake and insulin action, the MLC-GLUT4-null mice exhibited decreased adipose tissue deposits, adipocyte size, and fed plasma FFA levels that are characteristic of GLUT4-null mice. Together these results indicate that the defects in skeletal muscle and whole body glucose metabolism and adipose tissue in GLUT4-null mice arise independently.
Antibody Responses in Reindeer (<i>Rangifer tarandus</i>) Infected with<i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> (2005)

Despite having a very low incidence of disease, reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) are subject to tuberculosis (TB) testing requirements for interstate shipment and herd accreditation in the United States. Improved TB tests are desperately needed, as many reindeer are falsely classified as reactors by current testing procedures. Sera collected sequentially from 11 (experimentally) Mycobacterium bovis-infected reindeer and 4 noninfected reindeer were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunoblotting, and multiantigen print immunoassay (MAPIA) for antibody specific to M. bovis antigens. Specific antibody was detected as early as 4 weeks after challenge with M. bovis. By MAPIA, sera were tested with 12 native and recombinant antigens, which were used to coat nitrocellulose. All M. bovis-infected reindeer developed responses to MPB83 and a fusion protein, Acr1/MPB83, and 9/11 had responses to MPB70. Other antigens less commonly recognized included MPB59, ESAT-6, and CFP10. Administration of purified protein derivatives for skin testing boosted serum antibody responses, as detected by each of the assays. Of the noninfected reindeer, 2/4 had responses that were detectable immediately following skin testing, which correlated with pathological findings (i.e., presence of granulomatous lesions yet the absence of acid-fast bacteria). The levels of specific antibody produced by infected reindeer appeared to be associated with disease progression but not with cell-mediated immunity. These findings indicate that M. bovis infection of reindeer elicits an antibody response to multiple antigens that can be boosted by skin testing. Serological tests using carefully selected specific antigens have potential for early detection of infections in reindeer.
Les enjeux du Génie des Procédés pour la réutilisation des eaux usées traitées au sein du réseau REUSE d'INRAE – de la nécessité d'une approche pluridisciplinaire et multi-échelles (2022)

National audience
Adaptive optics from microscopy to nanoscopy (2014)

Adaptive optics have been introduced to compensate the effects of aberrations in high resolution microscopy. Adaptive elements, such as deformable mirrors or spatial light modulators enable the dynamic correction of aberrations in a range of applications. These methods have proved particularly useful in three dimensional imaging of tissue specimens. We review the principles behind these methods and their application to high and super resolution microscopy. © 2014 SPIE.
Variation in the EGFR gene is associated with lung cancer (2005)

3629 The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a critical role in cell growth and differentiation through the EGFR signaling pathway and is believed to be related to development and progression of lung cancer. The EGFR signaling pathway encompasses several steps including ligand binding to the cell surface receptor, receptor dimerization, tyrosine kinase (TK) activation, nuclear translation and transcriptional regulation. Recently, studies have revealed that never smoking lung cancer patients who have somatic mutations in the TK domain of EGFR have a dramatic response to gefitinib, an inhibitor of the EGFR-TK. To elucidate how common EGFR-TK domain mutations are in never smoking lung cancer patients compared to smoking patients, we sequenced the EGFR gene in exons 18-21 (the EGFR-TK domain) from lung tumor tissues of smokers and never smokers. A point mutation in the TK domain of EGFR was found in five of 35 never smokers (frequency of 14.2%), but no mutation was detected in 18 smokers. Mutations found in never smokers included: three heterozygous point mutations at T2573G (L858R) in exon 21, one point mutation at G2320A (V774M) in exon 20, and another point mutation at T2497G (L833V) in exon 21. By sequencing 16 lung cancer cell lines derived from smokers available in our laboratory, one mutant cell line (273T) harboring a EGFR-TK mutation has been identified: A2180G (Y727C) in exon 18, in cells derived from a squamous cell tumor of a female smoker. The in vitro sensitivity to gefitinib by MTT assay of the 273T cell line was slightly lower (IC50 of 17μM) compared to wildtype (WT) cell lines (IC50 of 30μM). This cell line also shows a higher (6-fold) EGFR expression by immunoblot compared to WT cell lines cultured in normal growth medium. During sequencing of the TK domain in blood samples, lung fibroblasts and tumor specimens, a polymorphism in EGFR, G2361A in exon 20, was identified and found to occur at a significantly higher frequency in lung cancer cases (n = 96) than in controls ( n = 32)[OR: 2.86, 95% CI: 1.02 -8.06, P = 0.04], but no difference in the polymorphism frequency was found between smoking (n = 21) and never smoking (n =35) lung cancer cases (OR: 1.78, 95% CI: 0.32 -9.79, P = 0.503). This may suggest that individuals who carry at least one copy of the A allele at nucleotide 2361 in the EGFR-TK domain are more susceptible to lung cancer, independent of smoking status. In addition, homozygote for the A allele at nucleotide 2361 was also most common in lung cancer cases (frequency of 53.7%) vs. controls (frequency of 21.9%). This study confirms the more frequent rate of EGFR-TK domain mutation in never smokers with lung cancer than in smokers, but suggests that EGFR mutation may sometimes occur in smokers, and suggests a novel polymorphism in the EGFR-TK domain may be related to lung cancer risk. Supported by 5R25 CA89507 and P50 CA090440, SPORE in Lung Cancer.
Human papillomavirus serology and the risk of esophageal and gastric cancers: Results from a cohort in a high‐risk region in China (2006)

Each year, esophageal and gastric cancers cause more than 900,000 deaths worldwide. Human papilloma virus (HPV), especially type 16, has been suggested to have a role in the etiology of esophageal cancer, however, the results of previous seroepidemiological studies have not been consistent. We conducted a large prospective study to examine the association between serum antibodies to HPV 16, HPV 18 and HPV 73 and subsequent development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA), and gastric noncardia adenocarcinoma (GNCA) in a high-risk population for these cancers in Linxian, China. Case and control subjects for this study were selected from the 29,584 participants of the Linxian General Population Trial. Prediagnostic serum samples from 99 cases of ESCC, 100 cases of GCA, 70 cases of GNCA, and 381 age- and sex- matched controls were selected for this study. The presence of antibodies to HPV virus-like particles was determined by type-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Fewer than 15% of ESCC, GCA, or GNCA cases were positive for each HPV type, and no significant associations were found. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for HPV 16 seropositivity and ESCC, GCA, and GNCA risk were 1.6 (0.8-3.3), 1.3 (0.6-2.8) and 0.4 (0.1-1.6), respectively. The comparable ORs (95% CIs) for HPV 18 were 1.0 (0.4-2.2), 0.9 (0.4-2.1) and 1.5 (0.6-3.4). For HPV 73, these figures were 1.3 (0.6-2.5), 1.2 (0.6-2.3) and 0.9 (0.4-2.1). The results of this study do not support a major role for HPV 16, HPV 18 and HPV 73 in the etiology of esophageal and gastric cancers in Linxian, China.
Development of a X-UV Michelson interferometer for probing laser produced plasmas with a X-ray laser (2001)

We have developed and used a soft x-ray Michelson interferometer to probe large laser-produced plasmas. The aim investigated is to obtain electron density profiles and thus important informations on the plasma dynamic. This paper describes our design and presents some preliminary results using a nickel-like x-ray laser operating at 13.9 nm. Wewill present numericals results which show the interest of using x-ray laser to probe laser-produced plasma by interferometry.
Perfect Hashing for Data Management Applications (2007)

Perfect hash functions can potentially be used to compress data in connection with a variety of data management tasks. Though there has been considerable work on how to construct good perfect hash functions, there is a gap between theory and practice among all previous methods on minimal perfect hashing. On one side, there are good theoretical results without experimentally proven practicality for large key sets. On the other side, there are the theoretically analyzed time and space usage algorithms that assume that truly random hash functions are available for free, which is an unrealistic assumption. In this paper we attempt to bridge this gap between theory and practice, using a number of techniques from the literature to obtain a novel scheme that is theoretically well-understood and at the same time achieves an order-of-magnitude increase in performance compared to previous ``practical'' methods. This improvement comes from a combination of a novel, theoretically optimal perfect hashing scheme that greatly simplifies previous methods, and the fact that our algorithm is designed to make good use of the memory hierarchy. We demonstrate the scalability of our algorithm by considering a set of over one billion URLs from the World Wide Web of average length 64, for which we construct a minimal perfect hash function on a commodity PC in a little more than 1 hour. Our scheme produces minimal perfect hash functions using slightly more than 3 bits per key. For perfect hash functions in the range $\{0,...,2n-1\}$ the space usage drops to just over 2 bits per key (i.e., one bit more than optimal for representing the key). This is significantly below of what has been achieved previously for very large values of $n$.