gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gyroscope Calibration via Magnetometer (2017)

Magnetometers, gyroscopes, and accelerometers are commonly used sensors in a variety of applications. This paper proposes a novel gyroscope calibration method in the homogeneous magnetic field by the help of magnetometer. It is shown that, with sufficient rotation excitation, the homogeneous magnetic field vector can be exploited to serve as a good reference for calibrating low-cost gyroscopes. The calibration parameters include the gyroscope scale factor, non-orthogonal coefficient and bias for three axes, as well as its misalignment to the magnetometer frame. Simulation and field test results demonstrate the method's effectiveness.
Segmental nature of the choroidal vasculature. (1975)

The various in vivo studies on posterior ciliary arteries and choroidal vasculature reported piecemeal by the author over the past few years have now been collated. A coherent picture of the vasculature emerges which is of considerable clinical significance. The observations show that the posterior ciliary arteries and their branches right down to the terminal choroidal arterioles, the choriocapillaris, and the vortex veins have a segmental distribution in the choroid, and that the posterior ciliary arteries and choroidal arteries function as end-arteries. No special mascular artery supplying the submacular choroid has been found. The posterior ciliary arteries have only supply the choroid but are also the main source of blood supply to the anterior part of the optic nerve, and have an important role in the blood supply of the retina. The clinical significance of this segmental distribution of the uveal vasculature is discussed.
Centrality Measures for Text Clustering (2012)

Text clustering is an unsupervised process of classifying texts and words into different groups. In literature, many algorithms use a bag of words model to represent texts and classify contents. The bag of words model assumes that word order has no signicance. The aim of this article is to propose a new method of text clustering, considering links between terms and documents. We use centrality measures to assess word/text importance in a corpus and to sequentially classify documents.
XRD, SEM/EDX and FTIR Characterization of Brazilian Natural Coral (2005)

In the present work, natural coral from Brazilian reefs were studied according to their crystallography by X-ray diffraction and microstructure by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM/EDX). FTIR spectroscopy was also used to evaluate the chemical functionalities and major components present in the material. The SEM morphology results have shown a tri-dimensional coral structure with porous ranging from 50 to 200 µm. Aragonite was identified as the major crystalline phase through XRD analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. Strontium calcium carbonate, (Sr,Ca)CO3, was also identified by XRD analysis. After sintering at 900º/1h, the conversion from aragonite to CaO and calcite was observed. These results have endorsed the high potential application of natural coral materials as 3D scaffolds for biomedical application, because of calcium carbonate compounds can be converted to HA by hydrothermal and biomimetic coating processes.
Neighborhood Prefetching on Multiprocessors Using Instruction History (2000)

A multiprocessor prefetch scheme is described in which a miss is followed by a prefetch of a group of lines, a neighborhood, surrounding the demand-fetched line. The neighborhood is based on the data address and the past behavior of the instruction that missed the cache. A neighborhood for an instruction is constructed by recording the offsets of addresses that subsequently miss. This neighborhood prefetching can exploit sequential access as can sequential prefetch and can to some extent exploit stride access, as can stride prefetch. Unlike stride and sequential prefetch, it can support irregular access patterns. Neighborhood prefetching was compared to adaptive sequential prefetching using execution-driven simulation. Results show prefetches that are more useful and lower execution time for neighborhood prefetching for six of eight SPLASH-2 benchmarks. On eight SPLASH-2 benchmarks, the average normalized execution time is less than 0.9, for three benchmarks, less than 0.8.
Patterns Prediction of Chemotherapy Sensitivity in Cancer Cell lines Using FTIR Spectrum, Neural Network and Principal Components Analysis. (2012)

Drug resistance enables cancer cells to break away from cytotoxic effect of anticancer drugs. Identification of resistant phenotype is very important because it can lead to effective treatment plan. There is an interest in developing classifying models of resistance phenotype based on the multivariate data. We have investigated a vibrational spectroscopic approach in order to characterize a sensitive human ovarian cell line, A2780, and its cisplatin-resistant derivative, A2780-cp. In this study FTIR method have been evaluated via the use of principal components analysis (PCA), ANN (artificial neuronal network) and LDA (linear discriminate analysis). FTIR spectroscopy on these cells in the range of 400-4000 cm(-1) showed alteration in the secondary structure of proteins and a CH stretching vibration. We have found that the ANN models correctly classified more than 95% of the cell lines, while the LDA models with the same data sets could classify 85% of cases. In the process of different ranges of spectra, the best classification of data set in the range of 1000-2000 cm(-1) was done using ANN model, while the data set between 2500-3000 cm(-1) was more correctly classified with the LDA model. PCA of the spectral data also provide a good separation for representing the variety of cell line spectra. Our work supports the promise of ANN analysis of FTIR spectrum as a supervised powerful approach and PCA as unsupervised modeling for the development of automated methods to determine the resistant phenotype of cancer classification.
Reflex Threshold Shift in Chinchillas Following a Prolonged Exposure to Noise (1979)

The acoustic reflex is considered to reduce transmission across the middle ear and thereby protect the inner ear from intense sounds. The dynamic properties of this reflex seem to be a function of the duration of the eliciting stimulus. Assessment of the protective action afforded by middle-ear muscle contractions for long-term noise exposures requires the knowledge of how these dynamic properties change under such conditions. Round window electrodes were implanted in eight chinchillas. Changes in the threshold of the acoustic reflex were measured during an eight-hour exposure at 95 dB SPL to an octave-band noise centered at 0.5 kHz. The criterion measure of the acoustic reflex was a change in the amplitude of the cochlear microphonic generated by a 0.5 kHz eliciting tone. Thresholds of the acoustic reflex increased systematically throughout the noise exposure up to approximately 14 dB after 8 hours. The time course of the changes in the threshold of the acoustic reflex was nearly identical to the time course of behaviorally measured changes in the auditory sensitivity as reported by Carder and Miller (1972).
Microscopic Evidence of “Necklace and Bead”-Like Morphology of Polymer–Surfactant Complexes: A Comparative Study on Poly(vinylpyrrolidone)–Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)–Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Systems (2014)

Here, we report the microscopic evidence of "necklace and bead"-like morphology, which has long been the most widely accepted model for polymer-surfactant complexes. The lack of microscopic evidence of the initial complexation between surfactant and polymer has resulted in many contradictory reports in the literature. In this paper, we visualized these initial complexes formed between negatively charged surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) with neutral poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and cationic poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) polymer through photoluminescence (PL) microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) using silicon quantum dot (Si QD) as an external PL marker. It is observed that, for the PVP-SDS system, SDS molecules bind at the hydrophobic sites on the random-coiled PVP chain through their hydrocarbon tails, while for the PDADMAC-SDS system, SDS head groups are associated with the positively charged nitrogen centers of the polymer, where the polymer chain wraps around the surfactant head groups.
Random Walks in Stock Market Prices (1995)

This article describes briefly and simply the theory of random walks and some of the important issues it raises concerning the work of market analysts. A discussion of two common approaches to predicting stock prices—the chartist (or technical) theories and the theory of fundamental (or intrinsic) value—allows the reader to put the theory of random walks into perspective. The theory of the market as efficient (at least semistrong efficient) and characterized as a random walk states that successive price changes in individual securities are independent and a series of stock price changes has no memory; thus, the past history of the series cannot be used to predict the future history. Empirical evidence indicates that, although price changes may not be strictly independent, the dependence is so slight that a simple buy-and-hold strategy beats any strategy based on mechanical trading rules. The implications of the market being a random walk are devastating for chartism. For fundamental value analysis, the implications are more complex. If the market is efficient, stock prices at any point in time represent good estimates of intrinsic value, so additional analysis is useless unless the analyst has new (private) information or insights. The challenge for each type of analysis is to show that their methods produce more return than a random sample of securities.
CELLAR: a high level cellular programming language with regions (2002)

This paper describes CELLAR, a language for cellular programming which extends the cellular automata model through the concept of regions. Regions are spatiotemporal objects that define zones of the automaton (set of cells), containing interesting and meaningful data patterns or trends that can be defined as events. Each cell of the automaton can monitor regions for a given period and observe their evolution by global functions (max, min, sum etc.). Furthermore, each cell can have an associated attribute called its perception rating, that indicates how far that cell can 'see'. On the basis of this value and the cell's position in the cellular space, we can define the regions that are visible to the cell. Using these constructs, a cell can define significant events to extract data of interest in one or more regions and perform actions when an event is detected. In the paper, we show that regions simplify programming and allow the building of more complex models. After describing the main constructs of CELLAR, the paper illustrates the region-based programming model by describing the design of a parallel model of animal migration. Performance results of the model implemented on a Meiko CS-2 are also given.
Biotherapeutic Products, Cellular Factories, and Multiomics Integration in Metabolic Engineering (2020)

Since the introduction of the first monoclonal antibody, biopharmaceuticals and biotherapeutic products manufactured in cellular factories are on the rise in modern medicine and therapeutics. Dynamic and real-time innovation strategies for operational implementation of biotherapeutic production are rapidly emerging. The advances in related fields such as genome editing technology, systems biology, and machine learning/artificial intelligence are expected to introduce innovative solutions in every aspect of the mammalian cell culture-based biotherapeutic production. This conceptual review offers a synthesis of the prospects and challenges of integration of multiomics technologies, and an integrative biology vision to cellular factories and biotherapeutic innovation.
Super thin-film transistor with SOI CMOS performance formed by a novel grain enhancement method (2000)

High performance super TFTs with different channel widths and lengths, formed by a novel grain enhancement method, are reported. High temperature annealing has been utilized to enhance the polysilicon grain and improve the quality of silicon crystal after low temperature MILC treatment on amorphous silicon. With device scaling, it is possible to fabricate the entire transistor on a single grain, thus giving the performance of single crystal SOI MOSFET. The effects of grain boundaries on device performance have been studied, indicating the existence of extra leakage current paths caused by the grain boundaries traversing the channel, which induced subthreshold hump and early punchthrough of wide devices. The probability for the channel region of a TFT to cover multiple grains decreases significantly when the device is scaled down, resulting in better device performance and higher uniformity.
Refined mapping of the human dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) gene within the critical dentinogenesis imperfecta type II and dentin dysplasia type II loci (1998)

Dentinogenesis imperfecta type II and dentin dysplasia type II are diseases resulting in abnormal dentin formation, which have been mapped to overlapping regions of human chromosome 4q defined by markers D4S2691 and D4S2692 (6.6 cM) and D4S3291 and SPP1 (14.1 cM), respectively. Recently, two of the major non-collagenous proteins of dentin, dentin sialoprotein (DSP) and dentin phosphoprotein (DPP, phosphophoryn) have been shown to be encoded by a single gene, termed dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), which has been mapped to human chromosome 4. The purpose of this study was to perform refined mapping of DSPP related to these disease loci by gene content mapping, as well as to place the DSPP gene on the physical map of human chromosome 4 by sequence tagged site (STS) content mapping. Human genomic DSPP clones were isolated, and gene content mapping performed with specific primers for dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteopontin (secreted phosphoprotein 1, SPP1). STS content mapping was then performed with flanking STS markers to these dentin/bone gene loci. Our results demonstrate that the DSPP and DMP1 genes are within a maximum distance of 110 kb. Both DSPP and DMP-1 have been placed on the physical map of human chromosome 4 within the interval defined by markers D4S564 and D4S1292. DSPP is thereby strengthened as a candidate gene for both DGI-II and DD-II.
The Formation of U.S. Federal Urban Policies (2002)

In the 1780s, the nature of American agrarian society prohibited the founding fathers from including urban issues in federal systems and the states were given much power to control local affairs. Given such circumstances, cities were trying to manipulate what they had. This resulted in the delay of federal interferences into local problems. Until the 1930s when urban problems were out of local control did federal government begin to involve and related measures implemented marked the formation of the federal urban policies, which also resulted in the change of the relationship between the central and local governments. Local governments hoped to get more money while trying to prevent federal intrusion into local power. Differences in objectives between federal, state and local governments imposed great limit to the effectiveness of the federal policies.
Parallel realizations of digital interpolation filters for increasing the sampling rate (1975)

Digital interpolators can be used to increase the sampling rate of a sampled waveform when the limitations of analog to digital converter circuitry may prevent obtaining directly the increased sampling rate. As Schafer and Rabiner have shown [1], the interpolation process can be viewed as a linear filtering operation which produces output samples at a rate different from the input rate. In this paper, the interest is in the case where the output rate is an integral multiple of the input. The interpolating filter can be realized in a transversal or serial form in which the output samples are obtained in serial form. However, by rearranging the delays, weights, and outputs, the output samples may be obtained in parallel form. The reason for seeking parallel outputs is that parallel arithmetic may be performed without the need for commutators, and at a slower rate than serial arithmetic. If the sampling rate is to be increased by a factor L, L parallel outputs are obtained. By means of specific examples, the various methods for obtaining parallel outputs are shown. The examples are 3-point interpolators (i.e., each interpolated value is a linear combination of three input sample values) used for tripling the sampling rate. Generalizations to higher order interpolators are given and an example shows a 4-point interpolator for quadrupling the sampling rate. The Appendix gives the numerical values of digital impulse responses for various Lagrangian interpolators.
Suspected opioid-related emergency medical services encounters in a rural state, 1997?2002 (2004)

In this rural state, prehospital patients with findings suspicious for opioid overdose disproportionately outpaced the growth of all EMS encounters as well as general overdose encounters during the defined investigation period.
Sequence of the <i>N</i>-terminal half of <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> α-amylase (1980)

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase (1,4-alpha-D-glucan glucanohydrolase. EC 3.2.1.1), which is commercially supplied as 'Bacillus subtilis alpha-amylase' does not cross-react immunologically with B. subtilis alpha-amylase. This enzyme (from B. amyloliquefaciens) was cleaved by treatment with CNBr into seven fragments. Peptide A was selected for sequence determination. It is the longest one, containing 185 amino acids (i.e. approx. 50% of the total molecule) and connects to the hexapeptide of the N-terminus. Its primary structure was aligned by use of various proteolytic enzymes. The sequence of amino acids 181-184 is identical with that of amino acids 14-17 of the alpha-amylase isolated from B. subtilis (except that amino acid 183 is asparagine rather than aspartic acid).
Effects of metadoxine on cellular formation of fatty acid ethyl esters in ethanol treated rats. (1995)

Free fatty acids (FFA) and fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) were extracted from different organs of rats administered ethanol, which was found to have induced FAEE formation, which reached its highest levels in the heart, followed by kidney, brain and liver; the ethanol administration resulted also in a marked increase of total FFA content, particularly in brain, kidney, heart and liver. Pretreatment of animals with Metadoxine one hour before ethanol administration inhibited significantly both FAEE and FFA accumulation in all organs examined. These effects were concomitant with the decreased levels of ethanol in blood found in alcohol-intoxicated rats pretreated with Metadoxine. Our results point to the role of fatty acid ethyl esters as possible mediators in the production of alcohol-dependent syndromes, especially in organs lacking oxidative pathways. Administration of Metadoxine, through an increment in alcohol metabolism and turnover, greatly reduces this metabolic abnormality, warranting its potential usefulness as a pharmacological tool in alcoholism management.
Presenting Chamber Music to Young Children (2010)

The number of professional ensembles and organizations with dedicated outreach concerts has been steadily increasing over the past decade. More recently, educational concerts pairing chamber music with young children have been documented. The work presented in this article is a study in the efficacy and feasibility of this format. Various music activities and ways to engage and involve the audience in performances are presented. The role of the music educator in managing and facilitating the performance is detailed with a subsequent presentation of general guidelines for implementation. Example videos that model music educator—ensemble—audience interaction are included.
Managing Open Innovation: An Exploration of Information Technologies and Open Search Patterns (2017)

External search has played a very critical role in a firm's innovation process.As a cornerstone of open innovations' success, the work of external search has been altered by the advancement in information technologies (ITs).Employees at different organizational levels can source external knowledge and share them with other employees with consummate ease and speed.However, the inclusion of more and different boundary spanners and broadened search domains pose new challenges to firms in managing their open search process.In this study, we attempt to address this under-studied phenomenon by conducting multiple case studies to build a deep understanding of the open search work.Drawing on the perspectives of upper echelon theory and organic/mechanistic organizational forms, we developed a theoretical exposition of open search work by 1) evaluating the impact of each open search pattern on efficient search outcomes; 2) understanding appropriate IT mechanisms for each identified pattern; and 3) unveiling the relationships of three open search patterns by considering the uncertainty as a unique trait of open innovation.Through this study, we seek to contribute to building a middle-range theory of open search by shedding light on the different patterns of open search and their varying impact on search outcomes.Our findings can also provide useful insights to firms' managers to design their innovation units effectively to achieve optimal results.
Advanced Practical Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry (2024)

While the boundaries between the areas of chemistry traditionally labeled as inorganic, organic and physical are gradually diffusing, the practical techniques adopted by workers in each of these areas are often radically different. The breadth and variety of research classed as "inorganic chemistry" is readily apparent from an inspection of some of the leading international journals, and can be quite daunting for newcomers to this domain who are likely to have only limited experience of the methodologies involved. This book has therefore been written to provide guidance for those unfamiliar with the techniques most often encountered in synthetic inorganic / metalorganic chemistry, with an emphasis on procedures for handling air-sensitive compounds. One chapter is devoted to more specialized techniques such as metal vapor synthesis, and a review of preparative methods for a selection of starting materials is included as an aid to those planning research projects.While this book is aimed primarily at postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students involved in inorganic research projects, synthetic organic chemists and industrial chemists will also find much useful information within its pages. Similarly, it serves as a useful reference source for materials and polymer scientists who wish to take advantage of recent progress in precursor synthesis and catalyst development.