gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Auxiliary Pathways of Galactose Metabolism (1969)

Abstract Hexose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, a microsomal enzyme form rat liver, has been shown to reduce NAD+ or NADP+ in the presence of galactose-6-P or glucose-6-P. The reaction product of hexose 6-phosphate and galactose-6-P, uniformly labeled with 14C was isolated by Dowex 1-chloride column chromatography. It readily formed lactone on boiling with 1 n HCl and was identified as 6-phosphogalactonic acid by paper chromatography. Incubation of liver fractions with 6-phosphogalactonic acid-1-14C resulted in formation of only minimal amounts of 14CO2, quantities that could readily have come from trace contaminants of 6-phosphogalactonic acid-1-14C. The product of glucose-6-P oxidation by hexose 6-phosphate and NAD+ provided substrate for the reduction of NADP+ in the presence of 6-phosphogluconic acid dehydrogenase, and was hence identified as 6-phosphogluconic acid. Incubation of uniformly labeled galactose-14C with rat liver supernatant fractions failed to disclose the formation of detectable quantities of galactonic acid. Thus, the existence of a galactose dehydrogenase in rat liver could not be confirmed.
A coupled controls/structures optimization procedure for the design of rotating composite box beams with piezoelectric actuators (1995)

An optimization procedure is developed for controls/structures interaction using a multiobjective formulation. A rotating composite cantilever box beam model is presented which includes piezoelectric strain actuators for vibration control. The model is implemented using the finite-element method. Multiple design objectives are efficiently combined using the Kreisselmeier-Steinhauser function approach. Actuator locations and ply stacking sequences are represented by discrete (0,1) variables while structural/control parameters such as box beam dimensions are continuous design variables. A transformation technique is used to formulate the combined continuous/discrete problem as a purely discrete problem. This allows both optimal actuator locations and structural/control parameters to be determined inside a closed loop procedure. A technique based on simulated annealing is used for optimization in conjunction with an approximate analysis procedure to reduce computational effort.
Fast synthesis of nanocrystalline Mg2Si by microwave heating: a new route to nano-structured thermoelectric materials (2010)

The ultra fast synthesis of nanocrystalline Mg(2)Si was carried out using microwave radiation. The elemental precursors were first milled together under dry conditions to get fine particles. The resulting mixture of powders of Mg and Si was cold pressed before being heated by microwave irradiation. Precursors and products were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The high energy ball milling parameters utilized to prepare the reactive powders have quite an influence on the behavior of the mixture under irradiation. Moreover, SEM imaging demonstrates that the power and time of irradiation are crucial for the grain growth of the Mg(2)Si and must be adequately controlled in order to avoid the decomposition of the phase. Our results show that we successfully managed to easily and quickly synthesize homogeneous nanocrystalline Mg(2)Si with particle size smaller than 100 nm using a microwave power of only 175 W for two minutes on powders ball milled for two hours.
EFFECTS OF ENDURANCE EXERCISE TRAINING ON POSTPRANDIAL FREE FATTY ACID LEVELS (2003)

PURPOSE Plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) are involved in physiological processes such as glucose and fat metabolism hemostasis, and vasomotor control. We assessed the effects of endurance exercise training on plasma FFA response to high-fat meal. METHODS Non-diabetic, 50–75 year old subjects (n = 9) underwent a postprandial lipemia test (PPLT) before and after 6 months of supervised exercise training (∼ 40 minutes of endurance exercise at ∼ 70% VO2 max for 3–4 sessions per week). During the PPLT, venous blood for plasma FFA analysis was collected before, and every 30 minutes for 4 hours after, ingestion of 387 g/m2 body surface area (1362 kcal/m2) of a whipping cream-based, high fat meal. Whole body energy expenditure from fat oxidation during the PPLT was assessed at 0, 2, and 4 hours via indirect calorimetry. RESULTS Area under the FFA concentration curve was decreased as a result of training (71.9 ± 7.8 vs. 51.6 ± 4.5 mEq/dL/4 hours, mean ± SEM, for baseline and final PPLTs, respectively; p = 0.014). Energy expenditure from fat oxidation during the PPLT was increased after the exercise intervention (86.2 ± 11.1 vs. 126.2 ± 15.4 kcal/4 hours for baseline and final PPLTs, respectively; p = 0.007). Total PPLT energy expenditure did not change significantly following exercise training (274.9 ± 8.7 vs. 280.7 ± 15.8 kcal/4 hours for baseline and final PPLTs, respectively; p = .379). The increase in energy expenditure from fat oxidation was not associated with the decrease in plasma FFAs (r = 0.26, p = 0.51). CONCLUSION Exercise training appears to have an effect on postprandial FFA concentration and resting energy expenditure from fat oxidation. These adaptations may be part of the mechanism by which exercise training alters processes such as glucose and fat metabolism, hemostasis, and vasomotor control.
An experimental investigation of the measurability of auditory sensation (1934)

Abstract The conception of a "scale of sensation" has been the centre of a considerable amount of discussion in psychological literature. Confining attention to the question of intensity it has been admitted that the formulation of a scale relating sensation-intensity to stimulus-intensity may be a matter of difficulty and doubt even for one particular sense, and for different senses different relations may hold; but it has been commonly supposed that theoretically there must be some such relations. In other words a particular strength of sensation must be uniquely associated with a particular stimulus, and this sensation may be measured, that is, assigned a quantitaive value on a scale, which may be empirical, but is none the less a scale of magnitude of sensation. This assumption has been questioned (Myers, 1931) usually from the theoretical side; it is pointed out that more or less unverifiable or at best unverified, assumptions are made in the formulation of such supposed scales. Thus in the case of sound the decibel is often regarded as a measure of loudness-sensation, but this has been criticized not only on the experimental ground that the scale of decibels may not in fact run parallel with the true scale of loudnesses, but that it is actually only a scale of stimuli and not a measure of sensation at all.
A Self-Starting Method for Obtaining Analytic Potential-Energy Surfaces from ab Initio Electronic Structure Calculations (2009)

Previous methods proposed for obtaining analytic potential-energy surfaces (PES) from ab initio electronic structure calculations are not self-starting. They generally require that the sampling of configuration space important in the reaction dynamics of the process being investigated be initiated by using chemical intuition or a previously developed semiempirical potential-energy surface. When the system under investigation contains four or more atoms undergoing three- and four-center reactions in addition to bond scission processes, obtaining a sufficiently converged initial sampling can be very difficult due to the extremely large volume of configuration space that is important in the reaction dynamics. It is shown that by combining direct dynamics (DD) with previously reported molecular dynamics (MD), novelty sampling (NS), and neural network (NN) methods, an analytical surface suitable for MD computations for large systems may be obtained. Application of the method to the investigation of N-O bond scission and cis-trans isomerization reactions of HONO followed by comparison of the resulting neural network potential-energy surface to one obtained by using a semiempirical potential to initiate the sampling shows that the two potential surfaces are the same within the fitting accuracy of the surfaces. It is concluded that the combination of direct dynamics, molecular dynamics, novelty sampling, and neural network fitting provides a self-starting, robust, and accurate DD/MD/NS/NN method for the execution of first-principles, ab initio, molecular dynamics studies in systems containing four or more atoms which are undergoing simultaneous two-, three-, and four-center reactions.
Metal accumulation capacity in indigenous Alaska vegetation growing on military training lands (2019)

Permafrost thawing could increase soil contaminant mobilization in the environment. Our objective was to quantify metal accumulation capacities for plant species and functional groups common to Alaskan military training ranges where elevated soil metal concentrations were likely to occur. Plant species across multiple military training range sites were collected. Metal content in shoots and roots was compared to soil metal concentrations to calculate bioconcentration and translocation factors. On average, grasses accumulated greater concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, and Zn relative to forbs or shrubs, and bioconcentrated greater concentrations of Ni and Pb. Shrubs bioconcentrated greater concentrations of Sb. Translocation to shoots was greatest among the forbs. Three native plants were identified as candidate species for use in metal phytostabilization applications. <i>Elymus macrourus,</i> a grass, bioconcentrated substantial concentrations of Cu, Pb, and Zn in roots with low translocation to shoots. <i>Elaeagnus commutata,</i> a shrub, bioconcentrated the greatest amounts of Sb, Ni, and Cr, with a low translocation factor. <i>Solidago decumbens</i> bioconcentrated the greatest amount of Sb among the forbs and translocated the least amount of metals. A combination of forb, shrub, and grass will likely enhance phytostabilization of heavy metals in interior Alaska soils through increased functional group diversity.
Macromolecular impurities and disorder in protein crystals (1999)

The mechanisms by which macromolecular impurities degrade the diffraction properties of protein crystals have been investigated using X-ray topography, high-resolution diffraction line shape measurements, crystallographic data collection, chemical analysis, and two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy. Hen egg-white lysozyme crystals grown from solutions containing a structurally unrelated protein (ovotransferrin) and a related protein (turkey egg-white lysozyme) can exhibit significantly broadened mosaicity due to formation of cracks and dislocations but have overall B factors and diffraction resolutions comparable to those of crystals grown from uncontaminated lysozyme. Direct fluorescence imaging of the three-dimensional impurity distribution shows that impurities incorporate with different densities in sectors formed by growth on different crystal faces, and that impurity densities in the crystal core and along boundaries between growth sectors can be much larger than in other parts of the crystal. These nonuniformities create stresses that drive formation of the defects responsible for the mosaic broadening. Our results provide a rationale for the use of seeding to obtain high-quality crystals from heavily contaminated solutions and have implications for the use of crystallization for protein purification. Proteins 1999;36:270-281.
Éditorial (2012)

Éditorial. Un article de la revue Développement Humain, Handicap et Changement Social / Human Development, Disability, and Social Change (Emploi et approches inclusives : le droit des personnes ayant des incapacités à participer, par un travail décent, au développement économique) diffusée par la plateforme Érudit.
Abstract 3478: A multi-orthogonal strategy for targeting EGFRvIII expressing glioblastomas (2015)

Abstract Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) is a recurrent oncogenic EGFR isoform found in 25-64% of glioblastomas, the most common form of primary brain cancer. While EGFRvIII expressing glioblastomas are initially sensitive to EGFR inhibition, emergence of resistance clones is universal. We previously demonstrated that EGFRvIII expressing glioblastoma can be ablated through inhibition of compensatory mechanisms that allow cancer cells to adapt to EGFRvIII induced oncogenic stress. Here we propose that this strategy can be combined with direct inhibition of EGFR signaling. A synthetic lethal RNAi screen revealed synthetic lethality between Polo-Like Kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibition and EGFRvIII expression in glioblastoma cells. PLK1 mediated glioblastoma adaptation to excessive DNA damage associated with EGFRvIII expression through activation of Rad51, a protein essential for homologous recombination (HR). PLK1 inhibition (by BI2536) enhanced the cytotoxic effects of the DNA damaging agent, temozolomide (TMZ), a DNA alkylating agent and the standard-of-care chemotherapy for glioblastoma. This TMZ-sensitizing effect is 3-5 fold more pronounced in a formed Ink4a/Arf(-/-) EGFRvIII GEMM (genetically engineerd murine model)-derived glioblastoma model relative to an Ink4a/Arf(-/-) PDGF-β GEMM-derived glioblastoma model and correlated to the endogenous level of DNA damage accumulation in these models. Importantly, the tumoricidal and TMZ-sensitizing effects of BI2536 were uniformly observed across Ink4a/Arf(-/-) EGFRvIII glioblastoma clones that acquired independent resistance mechanisms to EGFR inhibitors, Gefitinib and Erlotinib, suggesting these resistant clones retain oncogenic stress that required PLK1 compensation. Although BI2536 significantly augmented the anti-neoplastic effect of EGFR inhibitors in the Ink4a/Arf(-/-) EGFRvIII model, complete ablation was not achieved until TMZ was added. Such synergistic effect was not observed in the Ink4a/Arf(-/-) PDGF-β model. Our study revealed a novel synthetic lethal interaction between PLK1 inhibition and EGFRvIII expression. Our results suggest that optimal therapeutic effect against EGFRvIII expressing glioblastomas requires “multi-orthogonal” integration of oncogenic inhibition, oncogenic stress, and conventional chemotherapy, tailored to the molecular physiology associated with the target cancer genome. Citation Format: Ying Shen, Jie Li, Frank B Furnari, Arshad Desai, Hong-Zhuan Chen, Clark Chen. A multi-orthogonal strategy for targeting EGFRvIII expressing glioblastomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3478. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3478
A Serum Response Factor homolog is required for spore differentiation in <i>Dictyostelium</i> (1998)

A homolog of the Serum Response Factor (SRF) has been isolated from Dictyostelium discoideum and its function studied by analyzing the consequences of its gene disruption. The MADS-box region of Dictyostelium SRF (DdSRF) is highly conserved with those of the human, Drosophila and yeast homologs. srfA is a developmentally regulated gene expressed in prespore and spore cells. This gene plays an essential role in sporulation as its disruption leads to abnormal spore morphology and loss of viability. The mutant spores were round and cellulose deposition seemed to be partially affected. Initial prestalk and prespore cell differentiation did not seem to be compromised in the mutant since the expression of several cell-type-specific markers were found to be unaffected. However, the mRNA level of the spore marker spiA was greatly reduced. Activation of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) by 8-Br-cAMP was not able to fully bypass the morphological defects of srfA- mutant spores, although this treatment induced spiA mRNA expression. Our results suggest that DdSRF is required for full maturation of spores and participates in the regulation of the expression of the spore-coat marker spiA and probably other maturation genes necessary for proper spore cell differentiation.
Biochemical and dynamic responses to single and repeated doses of methyldopa and propranolol during dynamic physical activity (1982)

Our purpose was to describe changes in potassium disposition with antirenin antihypertensives during dynamic physical activity in normal subjects receiving methyldopa and propranolol. Before the study, 2 hr after dosing and coincident with immediate preexercise on treadmill (at graded increases of exercise), and 2 hr after exercise, blood was sampled for determination of potassium, renin, aldosterone, and catecholamine levels. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured. The results demonstrate no greater increase in potassium after single or multiple doses of methyldopa than after placebo. After the first dose of propranolol there was a greater rise in potassium over that with placebo, but it was not observed after multiple doses, which may be related to the low doses. There were minor, but significant, changes in norepinephrine, renin, and systolic pressure with multiple-dose methyldopa and in renin, heart rate, and systolic and diastolic pressure with propranolol. Overall, the adrenergic responses to exercise win methyldopa and propranolol were biochemically altered rather than functionally impaired. The latter is related to dose and the underlying age and state of health of our subjects. Methyldopa (or clonidine) may be useful in patients with hypertension who exercise and are predisposed to pertubations in potassium disposition.
[60]Fullerene as a Versatile Four-Electron Donor Ligand (2002)

A new 1,2-σ-type C60 compound, Os3(CO)7(CNR)(μ3-CNR)(PPh3)(μ3-η1:η1:η2-C60) (2; R = CH2Ph), is formed from Os3(CO)8(CNR)(μ3-CNR)(μ3-η1:η2:η1-C60) (1) upon substitution of CO with PPh3 on a triosmium cluster framework. Compounds 1 and 2 are reversibly interconvertible. Further reaction of 2 with PPh3 results in a π-type C60 complex, Os3(CO)6(CNR)(μ3-CNCH2C6H4)(PPh3)(μ-PPh2)(μ-η2:η2-C60) (3), with an Os−Os bond cleavage.
xCT deficiency accelerates chemically induced tumorigenesis (2010)

During the course of inflammation and its resolution, macrophages are exposed to various cytotoxic materials, including reactive oxygen species. Thus, macrophages require a protective machinery against oxidative stress to survive at the inflammatory site. Here, we showed that xCT, a component of transport system x(c)(-), was significantly up-regulated in activated infiltrating cells, including macrophages and neutrophils at the inflammatory site. System x(c)(-) mediates the uptake of extracellular L-cystine and is consequently responsible for maintenance of intracellular glutathione levels. We established a loss-of-function mouse mutant line of xCT by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis. Macrophages from xCT(mu/mu) mice showed cell death in association with the excessive release of high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 upon stimulation with LPS, suggesting that xCT deficiency causes unremitting inflammation because of the impaired survival of activated macrophages at the inflammatory site. Subcutaneous injection of 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MCA) induced the generation of fibrosarcoma in association with inflammation. When 3-MCA was injected s.c. into mice, xCT mRNA was up-regulated in situ. In xCT(mu/mu) mice, inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-1beta and TNFalpha) were overexpressed, and the generation of 3-MCA-induced fibrosarcoma was accelerated. These results clearly indicate that the defect of the protective system against oxidative stress impaired survival of activated macrophages and subsequently enhanced tumorigenecity.
Aggregation of Surfactant Squaraine Dyes in Aqueous Solution and Microheterogeneous Media:  Correlation of Aggregation Behavior with Molecular Structure (1996)

The synthesis of several amphiphilic squaraine dyes and a study of their aggregation behavior and photophysics are reported. The several different squaraines are found to give spectrally blue-shifted aggregates in aqueous and mixed aqueous-organic solution and in microheterogeneous media (bilayer vesicles). While in some cases an intermediate dimer can be detected in the monomer to aggregate conversion process, in others direct conversion of monomer to aggregate is observed. The aggregation number can be determined together with the equilibrium constant and thermodynamic parameters for some of the squaraines in different environments. In several cases the aggregation number is found to be ca. 4. The finding of a strong induced circular dichroism signal when the aggregate (but not dimer or monomer) is generated in the presence of a chiral host (or counterion) suggests that the aggregate is chiral. From these results and molecular simulations indicating that an extended monolayer of some of the squaraines adopts a glide or herringbone lattice we propose a chiral “pinwheel” structure for the unit aggregate and suggest that extended aggregate structures or crystals may be a mosaic of these unit aggregates. In contrast to the monomers, which are strongly fluorescent, the squaraine dimers and aggregates are nonfluorescent and have extremely short exciton lifetimes, as indicated by transient spectroscopy.
Variants of <i>STAT6</i> (signal transducer and activator of transcription 6) in atopic asthma (2000)

Editor—Atopy is characterised by raised IgE levels and it underlies the clinical disorder bronchial asthma.1-3 IL-4 and IL-13 play a key role in the development of asthma acting through the IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) and IL-13R, respectively.1-3 Since these two receptors share the IL-4Rα chain, this subunit is the crucial component required for IL-4 and IL-13 signalling.1-3 Recently, three coding variants in the human IL4R gene have been identified and these showed genetic and functional association with atopic asthma in different ethnic groups. The Ile50 variant was associated with atopic asthma in a Japanese population4 5and Arg551 or Pro478 were associated with IgE levels in American6 and German populations,7respectively, but perhaps through different mechanisms. Ile50 specifically and strongly upregulates cellular IgE synthesis through stat6 when tested by cDNA transfection into human and murine B cell lines.4 5 Functional assay of Arg551Gln IL-4Rα showed impaired binding of the negative regulatory molecule, protein tyrosine phosphatase, SHP-1, and increased expression of CD23 was found in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after challenge with human IL-4.6 However, this finding was not replicated by another group.8 In contrast, Pro478 is in tight linkage disequilibrium with Arg551 in a German population and may change the structure of the receptor, leading to altered phosphorylation patterns of signal molecules and hence lower IgE levels.7 These findings emphasise the genetic heterogeneity of atopy and question whether the molecular interaction between variants of IL-4Rα and its associated signal transduction molecules, such as stat6, may be important.1-3 

The Stats are a family of transcription factors evolutionarily conserved from Drosophila to humans.9 To date seven different STAT genes have been identified in humans.9 Stat6 activation correlates with functional …