gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced microdialysis recovery of some tricyclic antidepressants and structurally related drugs by cyclodextrin- mediated transport (1999)

The enhanced microdialysis relative recovery (RR) of some hydrophobic tricyclic drugs (imipramine, desipramine, amitriptyline, carbamazepine and promethazine) is discussed. Enhanced RR was achieved by including a binding agent [beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) or 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD)] in the microdialysis perfusion fluid to form inclusion complexes with the drugs, which increases the analyte flux through the membrane material. The maximum effect of the RR increase for all the drugs studied was observed using a commercially available polycarbonate-polyether (PC) membrane. With a 4 mm PC membrane and 4.41 mmol l-1 (0.5% w/v) beta-CD included in the microdialysis perfusion fluid (0.9% saline, pH 7.4) at a flow rate of 0.5 microliter min-1, RR enhancements over controls were as follows: carbamazepine 136, imipramine 268, desipramine 298, amitriptyline 634, and promethazine 987%. Increasing beta-CD [up to 17.63 mmol l-1 (2% w/v)] or HP-beta-CD [up to 32.5 mmol l-1 (5% w/v)] concentration in the microdialysis perfusion fluid enhanced carbamazepine RR three (beta-CD) to four (HP-beta-CD) times compared to controls through PC microdialysis membranes. The PC membrane gave enhanced RR values that were twice those for cuprophan or AN-69 membranes. Enhanced RR with cyclodextrins was successfully applied to sampling from a protein solution containing desipramine in a 4% w/v bovine serum albumin solution. These results suggest that addition of cyclodextrins to microdialysis perfusion fluids may be used to increase microdialysis RR during blood sampling.
The molecular conformation of cyclotri-β-alanyl (1982)

The title compound has been studied by molecular mechanics calculations. There is no single, well defined global minimum energy conformation and the low energy conformations are unrelated to the conformation of the analogous alkene, trans,trans,trans-cyclodeca-1,5,9-triene. Electrostatic interactions between the amide groups are shown to be an important conformational determinant in the cyclic tripeptide. Not unexpectedly attempts to characterize a single conformation of cyclo-[β-ala]3 by X-ray crystal structure analysis and 1H n.m.r. were unsuccessful.
Hunting Relics: A Persuasive Exergame to Promote Collective Exercise in Young Children (2016)

Child obesity and being overweight is a health problem of increasing occurrence. Sedentary lifestyles and lack of exercise affect young children’s motor skills development, hence their quality of life. This study presents the design and evaluation of Hunting Relics, a collaborative exergame to promote collective exertion in young children. The system runs on an interactive floor and was designed using an iterative user-centered methodology in combination with the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation to generate Behavior (COM-B) model. To evaluate the impact of our design choices, two deployment studies were conducted. Results show that Hunting Relics augments existing exercise routines, keeps young children engaged for the long term, and persuades them to discover new collaborative practices to support exercising. A discussion follows about how the COM-B model is a useful framework to design exergames for young children and the impact of Hunting Relics from an educational, technical, and clinical perspective.
Polarization of λ=1.55 µm InGaAsP Ridge-Waveguide Lasers (1988)

The influence of waveguide parameters on the polarization of the lasing mode is investigated for λ=1.55 µm InGaAsP-InP ridge-waveguide lasers. It is found experimentally that for weak index guiding the lasers are polarized TM, whereas for gain guided or strongly index guided devices the polarization is TE. This behaviour is in excellent agreement with calculations based on a recently developed ridge-waveguide laser model. It is demonstrated that stable TE or TM polarization can arbitrarily be established by means of an appropriate choice of the laser parameters.
Characterization of the enzymic capacity for cysteine desulphhydration in liver and kidney of the rat (1982)

The contribution of cystathionine gamma-lyase, cystathionine beta-synthase and cysteine aminotransferase coupled to 3-mercaptopyruvate sulphurtransferase to cysteine desulphhydration in rat liver and kidney was assessed with four different assay systems. Cystathionine gamma-lyase and cystathionine beta-synthase were active when homogenates were incubated with 280 mM-L-cysteine and 3 mM-pyridoxal 5'-phosphate at pH 7.8. Cysteine aminotransferase in combination with 3-mercaptopyruvate sulphurtransferase catalysed essentially all of the H2S production from cysteine at pH 9.7 with 160 mM-L-cysteine, 2 mM-pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, 3 mM-2-oxoglutarate and 3 mM-dithiothreitol. At more-physiological concentrations of cysteine (2 mM) cystathionine gamma-lyase and cystathionine beta-synthase both appeared to be active in cysteine desulphhydration, whereas the aminotransferase pathway did not. The effect of inhibition of cystathionine gamma-lyase by a suicide inactivator, propargylglycine, in the intact rat was also investigated; there was no significant effect of propargylglycine administration on the urinary excretion of total 35S, 35SO4(2-) or [35S]taurine formed from labelled dietary cysteine.
Review (1995)

One of the salient features of the mammalian genome is the vast excess of DNA without obvious function, such as repetitive DNAs, spacers, and introns. In recent years, microsatellites, which include short triplet repeats (mostly CAGn and CGGn) and dinucleotide repeats (notably CAn) have gained widespread attention, along with minisatellites which consist of somewhat longer repeat units. Micro- and minisatellites, collectively called variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs), can be highly unstable and display an amazing degree of polymorphism. This property is exploited for gene mapping, for tumor diagnosis, and in forensic medicine. Undue expansion of gene-associated microsatellites is also responsible for some severe genetic diseases, such as fragile X syndrome. Most or all of these diseases are caused by expansion of CAG and CGG triplets. Within protein-coding regions these triplets usually code for polymers of glutamine, serine, alanine or proline. Physiologically, such amino acid repeats are often found in transcription factors and can increase or decrease their activity, depending on the repeat number. Alone or in conjunction with DNA methylation, such repeats may offer a unique opportunity for subtle, semi-stable modulation of gene activity. Also, at least in some plants and perhaps other organisms, a quasi-Lamarckian inheritance is mediated by repetitive DNA. Generally, repetitive DNA sequences, whether represented by short or by long DNA segments, may be beneficial for the evolution of a species.
Goodness-of-Fit Model-Dependent Approach for Release Kinetics of Levofloxacin Hemihydrates Floating Tablet (2009)

The objective of this work was to develop floating levofloxacin tablets and to understand the kinetics of drug release by applying mathematical and model-dependent approaches. Nine formulations of floating tablets were prepared by the direct compression method using Gelucire 43/01 (hydrophobic) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (hydrophilic) as matrix-forming excipients. The in vitro drug release was studied in pH 1.2 HCl using USP dissolution Apparatus 2 at 50 rpm. Zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, Hixson-Crowell, and Korsmeyer et al. models were used to estimate the kinetics of drug release. The criteria for selecting the most appropriate model were based on the goodness-of-fit test and lowest sum of squares residual. Drug release from the optimal batch was explained by the Higuchi model. A simple mathematical approach was applied to determine the deviation in area under the curve (AUC) between predicated and observed dissolution data. The difference in percent deviation of AUC at each point was lowest for the optimum batch. Drug release was a function of the ratio of hydrophobic to hydrophilic matrixing agent.
Review: some interventions are effective in reducing medical errors (2001)

(2001) J Gen Intern Med 16, 325. Ioannidis JP, Lau J. . Evidence on interventions to reduce medical errors. An overview and recommendations for future research. . May; . : . –34 . [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] QUESTION: What is the effectiveness of interventions specifically aimed at reducing medical errors? Studies in any language were identified by searching Medline (1966 to 2000) and EMBASE with the terms medical errors, prescription errors, diagnostic errors, and medication errors, and terms associated with randomised controlled trials. Additional studies were identified by screening the Cochrane Clinical Trials Registry and bibliographies of relevant studies and by communicating with experts and colleagues. Studies were selected if they were randomised controlled trials, compared an intervention with placebo or no intervention, and specified the aim of reducing medical errors as a primary or secondary outcome. Studies were excluded if they emphasised patient compliance, they evaluated omission of orders or actions suggested by preventive medicine, the only outcome was interrater variability in the absence of a gold standard, the intervention was a different imaging or laboratory test to improve … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJournal%2Bof%2Bgeneral%2Binternal%2Bmedicine%2B%253A%2B%2Bofficial%2Bjournal%2Bof%2Bthe%2BSociety%2Bfor%2BResearch%2Band%2BEducation%2Bin%2BPrimary%2BCare%2BInternal%2BMedicine%26rft.stitle%253DJ%2BGen%2BIntern%2BMed%26rft.aulast%253DIoannidis%26rft.auinit1%253DJ.%2BP.%26rft.volume%253D16%26rft.issue%253D5%26rft.spage%253D325%26rft.epage%253D334%26rft.atitle%253DEvidence%2Bon%2Binterventions%2Bto%2Breduce%2Bmedical%2Berrors%253A%2Ban%2Boverview%2Band%2Brecommendations%2Bfor%2Bfuture%2Bresearch.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1046%252Fj.1525-1497.2001.00714.x%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F11359552%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.00714.x&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=11359552&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F6%2F6%2F190.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000168978000008&link_type=ISI
Evaluation of TDOA Techniques for Position Location in CDMA Systems (1997)

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has adopted regulations requiring wireless communication service providers to provide position location (PL) information for a user requesting E-911 service. The Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) technique is one of the most promising position location techniques for cellular-type wireless communication systems. The IS-95 Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system is a popular choice for the companies deploying new cellular and PCS systems in North America. Hence, the feasibility of TDOA techniques in CDMA systems is an important issue for position location in the wireless systems of the future. \nThis thesis analyzes the performance of TDOA techniques in the CDMA systems. A comparison and assessment of different algorithms for finding the time difference estimates and for solving the hyperbolic equations generated by those estimates has been made. This research also considers a measure of accuracy for TDOA position location method which is shown to be more suitable for CDMA systems and more closely matches to the FCC requirements. Among the other contributions is a proposed method to perform cross-correlations to identify only the desired user's TDOA in a multiuser environment. \nThis thesis also evaluates the feasibility and accuracy of TDOA techniques under varying system conditions that might be encountered in real situations. This includes varying conditions of Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN), Multiple Access Interference (MAI), power control and loading. The effect of the mobile position and of different arrangement of base stations on TDOA accuracy is also studied. Performance comparison in AWGN and Rayleigh fading channels is made. The feasibility of using increased power levels for the 911 user in combination with interference cancellation is also studied. The effect of using a single stage of parallel interference cancellation at neighboring cell sites has also been explored. Non-ideal situations such as imperfect power control in CDMA operation has also been investigated in the context of position location. This thesis also suggests amethod to correct TDOA estimation errors in CDMA. It is shown that this improvement can give greatly improved performance even under worst-case situations. Performance comparison of results with and without that modification has also been made under various conditions.
Patterns of anti-phospholipid antibody specificities. (1991)

To determine the importance of assaying for anti-phospholipid (PL) antibodies other than anti-cardiolipin antibodies in patients with putative anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome (APA), 1,513 serum samples from over 399 patients with the potential for thromboembolic disease were tested for IgM, IgG or IgA class antibodies to the following phospholipids: cardiolipin, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidic acid. Non-specific binding was subtracted from total binding of antibodies to each PL to eliminate false positive ELISA results. Only patients whose sera contained antibody levels which were greater than three standard deviations above the means were considered positive. Patients who were positive for anti-PL antibody had antibodies to at least one of six phospholipids tested. Approximately 60% of the positive samples contained antibodies to a phospholipid other than cardiolipin. For IgG class, antibodies to phosphatidylserine were the most prevalent followed by antibodies to phosphatidylethanolamine and cardiolipin. These findings indicate that anti-phospholipid antibody analysis should be performed for more than anti-cardiolipin antibody to detect patients with APA.
Optimization of Antimicrobial Combined Effect of Organic Acids and Temperature on Foodborne <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Cattle Feed by Response Surface Methodology (2013)

Despite the importance of feedstuffs and feed ingredients in the food chain, few studies have analyzed the effectiveness of usual methods for the microbial decontamination of feeds. This work aimed to study the combined effect of temperature and organic acids (formic or lactic) on the inactivation of 10 isolates of Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli obtained from vegetable feed ingredients, including cereals and other processed materials, in cattle feed. A central composite design was used with acid concentrations ranging from 0 to 0.2% (vol/wt) and temperatures from 50°C to 70°C. Second-order models were obtained to predict the survival inhibitions. The results reported in the present study indicate that temperature affects the survivability more significantly than acid concentration, whose effect was isolate dependent. However, after 2 min of treatment, optimal microbial inhibitions were generally achieved at temperatures above 65°C, using 0.1% formic acid or 0.2% lactic acid for Salmonella isolates and around 0.1% lactic acid or 0.2% formic acid for E. coli isolates, respectively. This work provides a set of guidelines helpful to reduce microbial contamination of feeds and highlights the importance of feed-ingredient monitoring to reduce pathogen contamination risk during feed processing.
Prevention of air embolism during sitting neurosurgery (1984)

An inflatable neck tourniquet has been developed for compression of the jugular veins during neurosurgery in the sitting position. Neck compression abolishes the subatmospheric pressure within the neck veins and therefore minimises the risk of air embolism. Compression can be applied throughout the initial part of the operation, a major period of risk during these surgical procedures, and released once full surgical exposure has been achieved. Venous congestion is then released and normal operating conditions are restored.
IAuth: An authentication system for Internet applications (2002)

With the advent of the Internet, an era of distributed computing is rapidly taking hold. The potential offered by distributed computing increases opportunities for security breaches. This emphasizes the importance of security practices, such as authentication. We have designed a system, IAuth, which provides secure distribution of cryptographic keys while establishing authenticity between a user and a Web-based application. The strength of IAuth in the context of the Internet is that there is no need for a user to possess a cryptographic key if the application requires data encryption or digital signing. Once verified authentic, the user can securely obtain his cryptographic key from the Web application server for data encryption or digital signing.
The reliability of navigation-guided gap technique in total knee arthroplasty. (2008)

The OrthoPilot TKA navigation system (B. Braun Aesculap, Tuttlingen, Germany) offers software to optimize soft tissue balance using gap balance techniques. However, there are no studies on the reliability of the navigation-guided gap technique. The goal of this study is to establish the reliability of the navigation-guided gap technique. The investigators measured flexion and extension gap in the medial and lateral sides of the knee joint after bone resection to evaluate the reliability of navigation-guided soft tissue balancing. Gap data from 100 cases of navigation-guided total knee arthroplasty were analyzed. We defined trapezoidal gap (unsatisfactory soft tissue balance) as a gap difference < 3 mm between the medial and lateral sides in extension and a 5 mm difference in 90 degrees of flexion. Furthermore, gap difference between flexion and extension greater than 3 mm on the medial side and 5 mm on the lateral side was also considered a trapezoidal gap. Among 100 cases, 84 showed rectangular (acceptable) gap, and 16 showed trapezoidal gap. We also evaluated the correlation between clinical results including range of motion and soft tissue balance as well as characteristics of trapezoidal gap. This study suggests that the navigationguided gap technique is a reliable method for optimizing soft tissue balance.
Wrestling over robotic surgery (2011)

One of Ronald Kuppersmith's thyroid cancer patients once delayed surgery for 2 years because she didn't want a visible neck scar. A surgical robot initially designed for battlefield injuries has helped avoid similar scenarios by allowing him to perform a thyroid lobectomy that accesses the gland from a patient's armpit instead of through the lower neck. But even DL Kuppersmith, a thyroid surgeon at the Texas Institute for Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery in College Station, says he's still wrestling over the question of whether the benefits of the minimally apparent approach outweigh the costs. The daVinci Surgical System adorns billboards and Internet banner ads and is a mainstay on YouTube. It costs between $1 and $2.5 million, depending on the model and add-ons selected, according to its manufacturer, Intuitive Surgical. It is becoming the centerpiece of recruitment efforts for a growing range of cancer surgeries, particularly radical prostatectomies and some gynecological surgeries, such as hysterectomy. Over the past year and a half, Dr. Kuppersmith has performed about 55 thyroid lobectomies with the da Vinci, a far newer use pioneered in South Korea. “It's so early in this experience in the United States that we're still trying to figure out a) what is the best criteria for determining who is a candidate, and b) what can we accomplish with this?” he says. Despite their head start, other robot-aided cancer surgeries have not settled those questions either. In February 2010, several dozen patients commented on a story in The New York Times that cast doubt on the added benefit of using the da Vinci robot for prostate surgery.1 Most of these patients reported undetectable prostate-specific antigen levels and minimal problems with incontinence and impotence. What cannot be said with any certainty, argues Arthur Levin, MPH, director of the Center for Medical Consumers in New York, is how many of those patients would have written glowing reviews if they had undergone traditional surgery. “If you have no evidence that it benefits the patients in some meaningful way as compared to other less expensive and better understood modalities, why do this?” Levin contends that the United States lacks a neutral arena in which to hold a real scientific discussion of the benefits and risks of new technologies and has done too little comparative effectiveness research to provide an objective view of their value. Medical organizations are starting to take notice, however. To answer questions on how the technology should be evaluated and safely implemented, Dr. Kuppersmith recently led a group of experts who published a framework for assessing robotic thyroidectomies.1 Using the robot gives Dr. Kuppersmith improved observation and better dexterity, although the procedure is more invasive than traditional methods, takes longer, and costs more. “It's a nice arrow to have in your quiver,” he says, “but it's not for every patient, and it's not for every surgeon either.” Video of a da Vinci thyroid surgery performed by Dr. Kuppersmith: www.youtube.com/watch?v=4oHz7NI7UgO
10.51847/4XhQUFq (2000)

To evaluate the effectiveness of T-DNA insertion in knocking out a gene, 1084 published Arabidopsis thaliana insertion mutants representing 755 genes in 648 publications were reviewed. Insertion in the protein-coding region of a gene generates a knockout at least 90% of the time or 25% of the time if it is before the start codon which also produces a knockdown 67% of the time. Insertion after the stop codon had no effect on transcription of the upstream gene 17% of the time compared to 8% in ins
Rates of Growth of Pulmonary Metastases and Host Survival (1964)

Department of Surgery, Ellis Fischel State Cancer Hospital, Columbia, Missouri **Mathematician, Sun Oil Company, Production Research Laboratory, Dallas, Texas.
Friedel-Crafts cyclialkylations of some epoxides. 2. Stereospecificity, substituent, product, and kinetic studies (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFriedel-Crafts cyclialkylations of some epoxides. 2. Stereospecificity, substituent, product, and kinetic studiesStephen K. Taylor, Mark E. Davisson, B. Rolf Hissom Jr., Sandra L. Brown, Holle A. Pristach, Scott B. Schramm, and Suzanne M. HarveyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 3, 425–429Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00379a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00379a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views451Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts