gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-G accelerometer for earth-penetrator weapons applications. LDRD final report (1998)

Micromachining technologies, or Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), enable the develop of low-cost devices capable of sensing motion in a reliable and accurate manner. Sandia has developed a MEMS fabrication process for integrating both the micromechanical structures and microelectronics circuitry of surface micromachined sensors, such as silicon accelerometers, on the same chip. Integration of the micromechanical sensor elements with microelectronics provides substantial performance and reliability advantages for MEMS accelerometers. A design team at Sandia was assembled to develop a micromachined silicon accelerometer capable of surviving and measuring very high accelerations (up to 50,000 times the acceleration due to gravity). The Sandia integrated surface micromachining process was selected for fabrication of the sensor due to the extreme measurement sensitivity potential associated with integrated microelectronics. Very fine measurement sensitivity was required due to the very small accelerometer proof mass (< 200 {times} 10{sup {minus}9} gram) obtainable with this surface micromachining process. The small proof mass corresponded to small sensor deflections which required very sensitive electronics to enable accurate acceleration measurement over a range of 1,000 to 50,000 times the acceleration due to gravity. Several prototype sensors, based on a suspended plate mass configuration, were developed and the details of the design, modeling, fabrication and validation of the device will be presented in this paper. The device was analyzed using both conventional lumped parameter modeling techniques and finite element analysis tools. The device was tested and performed well over its design range (the device was tested over a range of a few thousand G to 46,000 G, where 1 G equals the acceleration due to gravity).
Increased anaerobic metabolism is a distinctive signature in a colorectal cancer cellular model of resistance to antiepidermal growth factor receptor antibody (2012)

Cetuximab is a chimeric antibody approved for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer that selectively targets epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. Treatment efficacy with this drug is often impaired by acquired resistance and poor information has been accumulated on the mechanisms underlying such a phenomenon. By taking advantage of a syngenic cellular system of sensitivity and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR therapy in the colorectal carcinoma GEO cell line, we profiled protein expression differences between Cetuximab-sensitive and -resistant cells. Combined 2D DIGE and MS analyses revealed a main proteomic signature resulting from selective deregulation of various metabolic enzymes, including glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, transketolase, lactate dehydrogenase B, and pyruvate dehydrogenase E1, which was also confirmed by Western blotting experiments. Lactate dehydrogenase B downregulation has been already related to an increased anaerobic utilization of glucose by tumor cells; accordingly, we verified that Cetuximab-resistant cells have a significantly higher production of lactate. Resistant cells also showed decreased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) levels. Observed protein deregulations were not related to functional alterations of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1-associated pathways. Our data demonstrate that increased anaerobic metabolism is a prominent feature observed in the GEO syngenic model of acquired resistance to anti-EGFR therapy in colorectal cancer.
A NEW LOW-COST AND PORTABLE ELISA READER BY USING A PHOTODIODE MATRIX AND ELECTROLUMINISCENT (EL) LAMPS (2009)

The tool of immunological diagnosis denominated ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay) it is probably the most used colorimetric test and it evaluates the compatibility antigen-antibody. The development of a portable device and low cost that it is allows analyzing the ELISA plate (in situ). It will suppose one immediately identification of the disease and therefore a faster performance to palliate this disease. In addition to the being to low cost it will be more accessible for the population, especially of the underdeveloped countries population, where they have a depressed immunological systems as a result of the bad general condition of life; and this diseases will cause them serious injuries or even the death. Another reason, but not less important it is that the presence of this disease cause great lost economic, with respect to a primary production sector like it is the farming sector, that produce a great social impact. This paper presents a new portable instrument for read ELISA plates, based of the colour level (this measurement will take place in photodiodes) and using low-cost components. Currently, plates are measured either photometrically which is costly and no portable or manually which is unacceptably subjective and dependent on training and illumination. This work shows a technique to improve the efficiency of clinical interpretation ELISA diagnostic plates.
1A2-F05 Development of Navigation System for Pile Driving Machine in Construction : Part 1; Position Measurement and Real Time Expression Using Laser Range Finder(Robotics and Mechatronics in Construction and Demolition) (2012)

This paper describes the development of the high accuracy and low cost position measurement system using Laser Range Finder (LRF) and its application to the navigation system of pile driving machine in construction. To detect the machine position and rotation angle, the center of four cylindrical objects that were installed around machine was measured by LRF and the posture of machine was geometrically calculated from the relationships of distance between the objects. The centers of object were estimated by the maximum likelihood estimation method. In this paper, the algorithm of position measurement method for navigation system and its calculation process with cylindrical objects and LRF, and the application results of its navigation system were verified in constriction site.
Measurements of the two-frequency mutual coherence function for sound propagation through a turbulent atmosphere (1998)

An array of 32 microphones spanning 675 m of range was used to measure the frequency coherence for pulse signals propagating through atmospheric turbulence near the ground. Frequency coherence is the correlation between the fluctuations in received signals of different frequencies as expressed through the two frequency mutual coherence function evaluated at the same point in space and time. The experiments were conducted for frequencies between 200 and 1000 Hz under both downward and upward refracting propagation conditions. Measurements and theory are shown to be in good agreement for line-of-sight propagation. In the acoustic shadow region the frequency coherence bandwidth shows a strong dependence on mean frequency. The effects of refraction and diffraction, which cause wandering in the pulse arrival time and broadening of the pulse width, respectively, are clearly distinguished. The measurements provide experimental characterization of signal fluctuations for sound fields propagating outdoors. They are important for acoustic remote sensing and detection applications and for the validation of theoretical and numerical developments in sound propagation modeling.
New methods and techniques for sensing the wave aberrations of human eyes (2009)

During the past decade, there has been a remarkable expansion of the application of wavefront-related technologies to the human eye. The ability to measure the wavefront aberrations (WA) of an individual eye has greatly improved our understanding on the optical properties of the human eye. The development of wavefront sensors has further generated an intensive effort to revise methods to correct vision. Wavefront sensors have offered the promise of a new generation of visual correction methods that can correct high order aberrations beyond defocus and astigmatism, that is, the wavefront-guided excimer laser platforms and adaptive optics, thus improving visual performance or fundus imaging at unprecedented spatial resolution. On the other hand, current wavefront technologies suffer from some inaccuracies that may limit a wider expansion in the clinical environment. Several innovative approaches have been developed to overcome the limits of standard wavefront sensing techniques. Curvature sensing, pyramid sensing and interferometry currently represent the most reliable methods to revise and improve the measurement and reconstruction of the WA of human eyes. This review describes advantages and disadvantages of current wavefront sensing technologies and provides recent knowledge on innovative methods for sensing the WA of human eyes. In the near future, we expect to benefit from these new wavefront sensor elements, including their application in the personalised correction of optical aberrations and adaptive optics imaging of the eye.
Direct evidence of chemical and crystallographic phase separation in K<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.65</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math>Fe<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1.74</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math>Se<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> (2012)

In the present work, we report on a chemical phase separation in crystalline superconducting K${}_{0.65}$Fe${}_{1.74}$Se${}_{2}$, investigated by means of magnetization experiments, scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometry. It is shown that the crystal consists of platelets oriented in $\ensuremath{\langle}100\ensuremath{\rangle}$ with an approximated volume fraction of about 30$%$ in the surrounding $\ensuremath{\langle}001\ensuremath{\rangle}$ oriented matrix. The platelets (the matrix) are depleted in K (Fe) and enriched in Fe (K). Chemical phase separation is demonstrated by a stable, antiferromagnetic K${}_{0.8}$Fe${}_{1.6}$Se${}_{2}$ matrix, and K${}_{x}$Fe${}_{2\ensuremath{-}y}$Se${}_{2}$ platelets inducing superconductivity. This time-driven, chemical phase separation is therefore responsible for various coexistent magnetic and electrical properties measured in K${}_{x}$Fe${}_{y}$Se${}_{2}$ samples.
The structure of the cuticular plate, an in vivo actin gel. (1989)

The cuticular plate is a network of actin filaments found in hair cells of the cochlea. In the alligator lizard, it consists of rootlets, emanating from the stereocilia, and of cross-connecting actin filaments that anchor these rootlets. In thin sections, this network displays striking patches of 650 +/- 110-A striae. By quantitative analyses of the images, the mystery of the striae can be explained. They are due in part to the rootlets which are sets of flat ribbons of actin filaments. The ribbons in each set are separated by approximately 650 A. Numerous whiskers 30 A in diameter extend from each ribbon's face, interconnecting adjacent ribbons. The nonrootlet filaments, except at the margins of the cell, occur primarily as single filaments. Like the ribbons, they are bristling with whiskers. The patches of striae are explained by ribbons and filaments held at a 650-A separation by the whiskers that project from them. A simple model for regions of bewhiskered filaments is a box crammed full of randomly oriented test-tube brushes. A thin slice through the box will show regions of dark lines or striae due to the wire backbones of the brushes separated from one another by the bristle length. Using the computer instead of test-tube brushes, we have been able to model quantitatively the filament distribution and pattern of striae seen in the cuticular plate of the lizard. The organization of actin filaments we have deduced from our simulations differs from that found in macrophages or in the terminal web of intestinal epithelial cells.
Human uterine endometrial adenocarcinoma: characteristic acquirement of synthetic potentials for II3SO3-LacCer and ganglio series sulfoglycosphingolipids after transfer of the cancer cells to culture. (1992)

The acidic glycosphingolipid composition of human uterine endometrial adenocarcinoma was compared with those of normal uterine endometrium at the proliferative and the secretory phases. Upon chemical composition analysis, no significant transformation-associated change of these glycolipids was observed. However, when cancer cells from the patients with human uterine endometrial adenocarcinoma were transferred to culture, the composition of glycosphingolipids, particularly sulfoglycosphingolipids, was significantly altered after the 70th doubling time. I3SO3-GalCer, which was contained in the original tissues of uterine endometrial adenocarcinomas, disappeared completely from the cultured cells at the 70th doubling time, whereas II3SO3-LacCer and ganglio series sulfoglycosphingolipids, which were originally contained in a trace amount or not present at all in the cancer tissues, became the major components in the total acidic glycosphingolipids in the cultured cells. Also, among cell lines established from several gynecological cancers, which include uterine cervical squamous carcinoma, uterine endometrial adenocarcinoma, ovarian clear cell carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, uterine sarcoma, ovarian sarcoma, and vulvar melanoma, only those cells derived from uterine endometrial adenocarcinoma expressed II3SO3-LacCer and ganglio series sulfoglycosphingolipids and the synthetic activities of these sulfoglycolipids, indicating that uterine endometrial adenocarcinoma cells characteristically lose the sulfotransferase to GalCer and acquire the sulfotransferase to LacCer after being transferred to culture in vitro. Thus, the unique sulfoglycosphingolipids and sulfotransferase are useful markers for the characterization of uterine endometrial adenocarcinoma among human gynecological cancers.
Single scattering approximations: the domains of validity for structural analysis of protein crystals by electron diffraction (1978)

Single scattering approximations (the kinematic and the weak phase object approx- imation), because of their simplicity, are perhaps the most attractive formulations for structure analysis by electron diffraction. In these approximations, the diffracted wave function is linearly related to the object potential. The validities of these approximations are, however, limited to very thin crystals at low resolution. In materials science the failure of the single scattering approximations and the impor- tance of the dynamical scattering effect have been well accepted. In biological science, the large unit cell size and the low atomic number (e.g. protein crystals) have lead some to believe that the dynamical scattering effect is insignificant for crystallographic analysis. Contrary to this belief, the number of dynamically interacting beams increases with the crystal unit cell size. It is important to note here that the dynamical scattering effect depends on the values of the excitation errors and on the magnitudes of the Fourier coefficients of the crystal potential.
L'accord franco-italien et les problèmes de la Somalie (1935)

Célérier Jean. L'accord franco-italien et les problèmes de la Somalie. In: Annales de Géographie, t. 44, n°249, 1935. Buenos Aires - Étude de géographie urbaine. pp. 332-334.
Synthesis of tetrahydroxy perhydroaza-azulenes: tandem Johnson–Claisen rearrangement of<scp>d</scp>-glucose-derived allylic alcohols (2006)

The Johnson-Claisen rearrangement of D-glucose-derived allylic alcohols 5a,b, afforded sugar-substituted gamma,delta-unsaturated ester in high yield. Conversion of the ester group to an azidomethyl group, epoxidation of the double bond and hydrogenation gave pyrrolidine ring skeletons 13a and 13b, which were transformed to tetrahydroxy perhydroaza-azulenes 1a and 1b, respectively. Glycosidase inhibitory activity was also evaluated.
Dynamics of the outflow and its effect on the hydraulics of two-layer exchange flows in a channel (2011)

This paper reports that an experimental study is conducted to examine the dynamics of the outflow in two-layer exchange flows in a channel connecting between two water bodies with a small density difference. The experiments reveal the generation of Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) instabilities within the hydraulically sub-critical flow region of the channel. During maximal exchange, those KH instabilities develops into large-amplitude KH waves as they escape the channel exit into the reservoir. The propagation speed of those waves, their generation frequency and their amplitudes are studied. The dynamics of the outflow and these waves are directly linked to the hydraulic conditions of the exchange flow within the channel.
Lattice vacancies in silicon film exposed to external electric field (2013)

Density functional calculations based on wavelet basis set are performed to investigate the structure, internal electric-charge distribution, and formation energy of lattice vacancies in silicon film under electric fields. It was found that the formation energies of vacancies both in JT⊥ (Jahn-Teller distortion orthogonal to electric field) and JT‖ (Jahn-Teller distortion parallel to electric field) distortions are decreased with the increasing of field strength, due to the charge polarization in the whole space of silicon film. For the split vacancy, it can lower its energy by moving further away from the split space to form a tetragonal JT⊥ vacancy under electric field. Our results also demonstrate the importance of the potential fluctuations induced by the electric fields on the charge redistribution within the vacancy defects.
Reformatsky and Blaise reactions in flow as a tool for drug discovery. One pot diversity oriented synthesis of valuable intermediates and heterocycles (2016)

The application of Reformatsky and Blaise reactions for the preparation of a diverse set of valuable intermediates and heterocycles in a one-pot protocol is described.
Nonholonomic Motion Planning Using Diffusion of Workspace Density Functions (2003)

This paper introduces a trajectory planning algorithm for nonholonomic mobile robots which operate in an environment with obstacles. An important feature of our approach is that the planning domain is the workspace of the mobile robot rather than its configuration space. The basic idea is to imagine the robot being subjected to Brownian motion forcing, and to generate evolving probability density functions (PDF) that describe all attainable positions and orientations of the robot at a given value of time. By planning a path that optimizes the value of this PDF at each instant in time, we generate a feasible trajectory. The PDF of robot pose can be constructed by solving the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation using the Fourier transform for SE(N). A closed-form approximation of the resulting time-dependent PDF is then used to plan a trajectory based on the observation that the evolution of this “workspace density” is a diffusion process. Examples are provided to illustrate the algorithm.
Triterpenoids. Part XLIII. The constitution of some compounds obtained by the dehydration of α-amyrin and related alcohols (1955)

G. G. Allan, F. S. Spring, R. Stevenson and W. S. Strachan, J. Chem. Soc., 1955, 3371 DOI: 10.1039/JR9550003371
Use of a Doppler guide wire for intravascular blood flow measurements: a validation study for potential neurologic endovascular applications. (1994)

The excellent correlation between average peak velocity and volumetric blood flow over a wide range of blood flow conditions and the additional qualitative information of the Doppler guide wire spectra establish a foundation for clinical implementation. The unpredictable variations of flow profile corrections remain obstacles for calculating volumetric blood flow based on Doppler guide wire average peak velocity.
NDM-Based Cognitive Agents for Supporting Decision-Making Teams (2010)

Naturalistic decision making (NDM) focuses on how people actually make decisions in realistic settings that typically involve ill-structured problems. Taking an experimental approach, we investigate the impacts of using an NDM-based software agent (R-CAST) on the performance of human decision-making teams in a simulated C3I (Communications, Command, Control and Intelligence) environment. We examined four types of decision-making teams with mixed human and agent members playing the roles of intelligence collection and command selection. The experiment also involved two within-group control variables: task complexity and context switching frequency. The result indicates that the use of an R-CAST agent in intelligence collection allows its team member to consider the latest situational information in decision making but might increase the team member's cognitive load. It also indicates that a human member playing the role of command selection should not rely too much on the agent serving as his or her decisi...
Design of a 60-GHz Quasi-Yagi Antenna With Novel Ladder-Like Directors for Gain and Bandwidth Enhancements (2015)

In this letter, the novel ladder-like directors are proposed and investigated for antenna gain and bandwidth enhancement. First, single-stage director is introduced to the quasi-Yagi antenna design to improve directivity in the endfire direction. Then, to further enhance the performance, multistages of directors form ladder-like structures that are co-designed with the antenna, with careful considerations of mutual coupling effects. To validate the concept, a 60-GHz antenna using proposed directors is designed and fabricated. The simulation results reveal an antenna gain improvement of 2.2–3.4 dB and bandwidth improvement of 30% by using the proposed directors. The measured antenna achieves a gain of 11.7 dB at 60 GHz and in-band cross polarization of less than <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$-$</tex></formula> 15 dB. The antenna occupies a compact size of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$9.2 \times 10~\hbox{mm}^2$</tex></formula> .
Developing HME-Based Drug Products Using Emerging Science: a Fast-Track Roadmap from Concept to Clinical Batch (2020)

This paper presents a rational workflow for developing enabling formulations, such as amorphous solid dispersions, via hot-melt extrusion in less than a year. First, our approach to an integrated product and process development framework is described, including state-of-the-art theoretical concepts, modeling, and experimental characterization described in the literature and developed by us. Next, lab-scale extruder setups are designed (processing conditions and screw design) based on a rational, model-based framework that takes into account the thermal load required, the mixing capabilities, and the thermo-mechanical degradation. The predicted optimal process setup can be validated quickly in the pilot plant. Lastly, a transfer of the process to any GMP-certified manufacturing site can be performed in silico for any extruder based on our validated computational framework. In summary, the proposed workflow massively reduces the risk in product and process development and shortens the drug-to-market time for enabling formulations.
Observation of Excitonic Surface States on MgO—Stark-Model Interpretation (1976)

Using the energy and angle-of-incidence dependence of the electron-energy-loss spectra of MgO, we have separated the excitonic transitions from the Mg core levels to the excited states into those of bulk and surface origin. The bulk transitions are very nearly those of the free ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{2+}$ ion. The surface-state transitions can be described by Stark splitting of the energy levels of the surface ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{2+}$ ions in the intense Madelung electric fields at the crystal surface.