gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vibrational spectroscopy of water at the vapor/water interface (1993)

Using infrared-visible sum-frequency generation we have obtained the OH stretch vibrational spectra of water at the vapor/water interface. From the spectra, we deduce that more than 20% of the surface water molecules have one free OH projecting into the vapor. The spectrum is weakly temperature dependent from 10 to 80 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. A monolayer of fatty alcohol on water surface terminates the free OH groups and induces an icelike structure in the spectrum.
A Temperature-Dependent Two-Dimensional Condensation Transition during Langmuir−Blodgett Deposition (1997)

Langmuir−Blodgett monolayers, deposited from a Langmuir monolayer (on the water surface) in a two-dimensional liquid (LE) state, were examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and contact angle goniometry. Pentadecanoic and hexadecanoic acid films condensed into densely-packed islands on the mica substrate. IR spectra and contact angle data for these films suggested that molecules within islands are well-orderedsimilar to those within a monolayer deposited from a condensed monolayer phase (LC). Tetradecanoic acid monolayers, however, were uniformly (no condensation) covered by a monolayer of disordered molecules if deposited below 17 °C and displayed increasing numbers of dense, compact islands between 17 and 20 °C (resembling those in the longer chain acids). At slightly higher temperatures, lower porous islands were observed in addition to these dense, high islands. By about 22 °C, the surface was completely covered by the porous aggregates. We believe this represents a sequence of two transitions of the surface phase after transfer. We also present AFM images of 12-NBD octadecanoic acid monolayers deposited from the LE phase or the LE/LC coexistence region. Orientational alignment of the needle-shaped LC domains in the direction of growing islands lends support to the hypothesis of a surface tension gradient driven island growth mechanism.
ChemInform Abstract: Oligosaccharides Related to Tumor‐Associate Antigens. Part 5. Synthesis, Modeling and Binding Affinity of an Ester Analogue of the Terminal Trisaccharide of the Tumor‐Associated Antigen Globo‐H. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF PROMPTING SELF‐REGULATION IN TECHNOLOGY‐DELIVERED INSTRUCTION (2009)

Two studies were conducted to examine the effect of prompting self‐regulation, an intervention designed to improve learning from technology‐delivered instruction. In Study 1, trainees who were prompted to self‐regulate gradually improved their declarative and procedural knowledge over time, relative to the other conditions, whereas test scores declined over time for trainees who were not prompted to self‐regulate. In Study 2, basic performance remained stable over time and strategic performance improved over time for trainees who were prompted to self‐regulate, relative to the other conditions, whereas performance declined over time for trainees who were not prompted to self‐regulate. Trainees’ cognitive ability moderated the effect of the prompts on basic performance and task‐specific self‐efficacy moderated the effect of the prompts on strategic performance. Prompting self‐regulation resulted in stronger performance gains over time for trainees with higher ability or higher self‐efficacy. These results demonstrate prompting self‐regulation improved performance over time, relative to the other conditions, in both online, work‐related training and laboratory settings. The results are consistent with theory suggesting self‐regulation is a dynamic process that has a gradual effect on performance and highlight the importance of using a within‐subjects design in self‐regulation research.
A genome-wide RNAi screen identifies potential drug targets in a C. elegans model of α1-antitrypsin deficiency (2014)

α1-Antitrypsin deficiency (ATD) is a common genetic disorder that can lead to end-stage liver and lung disease. Although liver transplantation remains the only therapy currently available, manipulation of the proteostasis network (PN) by small molecule therapeutics offers great promise. To accelerate the drug-discovery process for this disease, we first developed a semi-automated high-throughput/content-genome-wide RNAi screen to identify PN modifiers affecting the accumulation of the α1-antitrypsin Z mutant (ATZ) in a Caenorhabditis elegans model of ATD. We identified 104 PN modifiers, and these genes were used in a computational strategy to identify human ortholog-ligand pairs. Based on rigorous selection criteria, we identified four FDA-approved drugs directed against four different PN targets that decreased the accumulation of ATZ in C. elegans. We also tested one of the compounds in a mammalian cell line with similar results. This methodology also proved useful in confirming drug targets in vivo, and predicting the success of combination therapy. We propose that small animal models of genetic disorders combined with genome-wide RNAi screening and computational methods can be used to rapidly, economically and strategically prime the preclinical discovery pipeline for rare and neglected diseases with limited therapeutic options.
New Spinel Cobalt Oxides, Potential Conductive Additives for the Positive Electrode of Ni−MH Batteries (2006)

Temperature plays a key role in the formation of the cobalt-based conductive network at the positive electrode of alkaline batteries during the first charge. Electrodes pasted with CoO were oxidized in various concentrated alkaline media, in order to understand the phenomena involved. In these conditions, the experiments show the formation of a Co3O4 type phase with defects. The presence of lithium in the electrolyte is proven to play an important role in the conductivity of the synthesized phases. Especially in 2.5 M LiOH, a pure phase is isolated that has a spinel structure close to Co3O4 but containing H and Li. This phase is shown to be a good conductor and is also observed in (KOH, NaOH, LiOH) ternary industrial electrolyte. It could hence take part to the improvement of the properties of nickel electrodes observed when the beginning of the first charge is performed at high temperature.
Contribution of synchronized GABAergic neurons to dopaminergic neuron firing and bursting (2016)

In the ventral tegmental area (VTA), interactions between dopamine (DA) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons are critical for regulating DA neuron activity and thus DA efflux. To provide a mechanistic explanation of how GABA neurons influence DA neuron firing, we developed a circuit model of the VTA. The model is based on feed-forward inhibition and recreates canonical features of the VTA neurons. Simulations revealed that γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor (GABAR) stimulation can differentially influence the firing pattern of the DA neuron, depending on the level of synchronization among GABA neurons. Asynchronous activity of GABA neurons provides a constant level of inhibition to the DA neuron and, when removed, produces a classical disinhibition burst. In contrast, when GABA neurons are synchronized by common synaptic input, their influence evokes additional spikes in the DA neuron, resulting in increased measures of firing and bursting. Distinct from previous mechanisms, the increases were not based on lowered firing rate of the GABA neurons or weaker hyperpolarization by the GABAR synaptic current. This phenomenon was induced by GABA-mediated hyperpolarization of the DA neuron that leads to decreases in intracellular calcium (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) concentration, thus reducing the Ca<sup>2+</sup>-dependent potassium (K<sup>+</sup>) current. In this way, the GABA-mediated hyperpolarization replaces Ca<sup>2+</sup>-dependent K<sup>+</sup> current; however, this inhibition is pulsatile, which allows the DA neuron to fire during the rhythmic pauses in inhibition. Our results emphasize the importance of inhibition in the VTA, which has been discussed in many studies, and suggest a novel mechanism whereby computations can occur locally.
Bovine platelets contain a 280 kDa microtubule-associated protein antigenically related to brain MAP 2. (1991)

Resting bovine platelets contain a microtubule coil which reorganizes into linear arrays upon thrombin activation. Microtubule arrays in both resting and activated platelets are extensively cross-linked. In an effort to determine the proteins responsible for this cross-linking, we have developed a method to isolate taxol-stabilized microtubule coils directly from platelet-rich plasma. Negatively stained coils are still cross-linked, and fine filamentous projections are seen between adjacent microtubules. Critical-point-dried rotary shadowed replicas of these coils most clearly demonstrate the projections radiating from individual microtubules as well as along the microtubule coil. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis of isolated coils shows many microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) present in addition to tubulin. One of these proteins, a 280 kDa MAP, cross-reacts with an antibody to bovine brain MAP 2 by immunoblot analysis. Immunofluorescence localization of this protein with both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies demonstrates that it is associated with the microtubule coil in resting platelets and with the linear microtubule array present after thrombin activation. Immunoelectron microscopic localization demonstrates that projections from individual microtubules are labeled by the antibodies. We suggest that this MAP, along with several other potential MAPs, is responsible for the cross-linking and stability of bovine platelet microtubules.
Metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors (2001)

MSM photodiodes attracted attention due to their high-speed performance and ease of integration, but this interest has waned recently. This paper endeavors to explore why this occurred and tries to address these issues. MSM photodiodes have a much lower capacitance per unit area than p-i-n photodiodes, and are often transit time limited. MSM photodiodes are comprised of back-to-back Schottky diodes using an interdigitated electrode configuration on top of an active light collection region. The transit time is related to the spacing between these interdigitated electrodes. MSM photodiodes are more easily integrated with pre-amplifier circuitry than p-i-n photodiodes. One reason is that MSM photodiodes do not require doping which eliminates any parasitic capacitive coupling between the photodiode and doped regions within the active transistors. Another reason is that the Schottky electrodes of the MSM photodiodes are essentially identical to the gate metallization of field effect transistors (FET), which might eliminate one photolithography step. But, MSM photodiodes suffer from very low external quantum efficiency (EQE) and high leakage currents. MSM photodiodes exhibit low EQE because the metallization for the electrodes shadows the active light-collecting region. Shadowing can limit the incident light from reaching the active region of the MSM detector and prevent an ideal MSM from achieving high EQE. Transparent conductors have been shown to nearly double responsivity. Leakage currents are determined primarily by the Schottky barrier heights. These can be unreliable. However, thin wide bandgap cap layers can be inserted below the Schottky and different metals used for the anode and cathode to break symmetry and to circumnavigate these concerns.
Experimental Study on Shape Parameters of MIMO Bioprocess (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Two Visually Meaningful Correlation Measures for Comparing Calculated and Measured Response Histories (1994)

Two visually meaningful correlation measures are proposed for comparing calculated and measured response histories. One is an error index which is a simplification of RSS (root-sum-square) error factor, and the other is an inequality index that is a simplification of Theil’s inequality coefficient. The first compares the difference between the calculated and the measured histories to the measured history. The second compares the difference between the two histories to the sum of the two. The proposed correlation measures are compared to other existing measures, namely, Geers’ Error Factors, RSS Error Factor, and Theil's Inequality Coefficient for ease of interpretation and visualization.
End-Pumped Laser Emission from Cadmium Sulfide Selenide Bombarded by an Electron Beam (1967)

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Characterisation of Fast, Slow and Cardiac Muscle Tropomyosins from Salmonid Fish (1995)

Separate cDNA libraries were constructed from cardiac muscle and slow myotomal muscle of mature brown trout (Salmo trutta). The complete sequence of tropomyosin (TM) that is specific to these muscles was determined from full-length transcripts isolated from the corresponding library. The identity of the sequences was supported by protein data. When compared to the sequence of Atlantic salmon fast myotomal TM [Heeley, D. H., Bieger, T., Waddleton, D. M., Hong, C., Jackman, D. M., McGowan, C., Davidson, W. S. & Beavis, R. C. (1995) Characterisation of fast, slow and cardiac muscle tropomyosins from salmonid fish, Eur. J. Biochem. 232, 226-234], the main difference in the N- and C-terminal sequences comprising the site of end-to-end overlap occurs at residue 276 where an asparagine in fast TM is replaced by a histidine in both cardiac and slow TM. Trout cardiac TM exhibited greatest similarity to chicken cardiac TM while trout slow TM exhibited greatest similarity to skeletal alpha-TMs. Thus, none of the three salmonid TM sequences corresponds to a beta-type TM. In calorimetry experiments (0.1 M salt, pH 7.00, t = 10-60 degrees C), in the presence of dithiothreitol, differences were observed in the thermal unfolding profiles of the purified isoforms. A single endotherm (tm = 39.5 degrees C) was noted for cardiac TM. Two endotherms were observed for fast TM [tm = 26.5 degrees C and 39.8 degrees C (main)] and slow TM [tm = 37.4 degrees C and 46.9 degrees C (main)]. Fast TM was cloned and over expressed in the bacterial cell lines JM105 and BL21. Upon cell lysis, recombinant TM (rc TM) made in JM105 was rapidly and quantitatively cleaved between residues 6 and 7. Intact rc TM was produced by using BL21, as shown by Edman-based sequencing, carboxypeptidase digestion and mass analysis. In viscometry assays, performed at low ionic strength (pH 7.00, t = 5 degrees C) the full-length rc TM exhibited markedly lower relative viscosity values than the corresponding wild type.
Duration of the Fluoride-Induced Urinary Concentrating Defect in Rats (1978)

The changes in rat renal function produced by acute exposed to graded doses of fluoride were measured over 2 days. During the 2-hr iv infusion, urine flow rate increased moderately in the fluoride groups, while urinary osmolality, inner medullary sodium and chloride concentrations, glomerular filtration rate, and the excretion rates of sodium, chloride, and potassium decreased in a dose-response manner, Four hours after terminating the fluoride infusion, plasma fluoride concentrations had fallen 75% (peak value, 211 μM). This decline was not accompanied by recovery in either urinary osmolality or medullary sodium and chloride concentrations, while at 24 and 40 hr, these values showed a gradual return toward control values. Solute excretion rates, especially of sodium and chloride, were depressed even at 40 hr. Glomerular filtration rate continued to fall throughout the first day after stopping the fluoride infusion. These results suggest that the delayed recovery in urinary osmolality and medullary solute concentrations, as well as the continued depression in solute excretion, are related to the prolonged fluoride-induced decrease in glomerular filtration rate.
Sustaining software interoperability via shared, evolving object repositories: system optimization and evaluation (1996)

Powerful interoperability-enabling solutions for software application integration must allow applications to evolve and data requirements to change, while minimizing such changes on other integrated applications. Thus, we have developed the transparent schema evolution (TSE) system that accomplishes evolution by generating a new objectoriented view schema to capture the changes desired by the user, while preserving existing view schemas for old applications. This generation of a potentially large number of schema versions over time results in an excessive build-up of classes and underlying object instances - some of which may no longer be in use. The presence of no-longer-utilized view schemas will result in storage overhead costs and a degradation of system performance due to the update propagation of our materialized view foundation. In this paper, we address this problem using consistent schema removal techniques. Our solution is based on a formal model of capturing all dependencies...
Measurement of right ventricular mass and volume by three-dimensional echocardiography by freehand scanning (2002)

RV mass and volume can be measured accurately from 3D echocardiograms acquired using freehand scanning and reconstruction by the piecewise smooth subdivision method.
Quantum magnetotransport in periodic V-grooved heterojunctions (2001)

We report quantum magnetotransport experiments in novel $3\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$-period V-grooved GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunctions. In such structures a periodic spatial variation of the normal component of magnetic field is realized. We observe anomalous features in both weak and strong magnetic fields. The quantum Hall-effect steplike Hall resistance is replaced by an oscillatory variation when the current is applied parallel to the grooves. The longitudinal resistance peaks attain unusually high values $\ensuremath{\gg}{h/e}^{2}$ when the current is applied perpendicular to the grooves. We propose a model that explains certain features of the observed behavior, however, some puzzling anomalies remain.
On The Quantizer Design For Base Station Cooperation Systems With Sc-Fde Techniques (2013)

By employing BS (Base Station) cooperation we can<br> increase substantially the spectral efficiency and capacity of cellular<br> systems. The signals received at each BS are sent to a central unit that<br> performs the separation of the different MT (Mobile Terminal) using<br> the same physical channel. However, we need accurate sampling and<br> quantization of those signals so as to reduce the backhaul<br> communication requirements.<br> In this paper we consider the optimization of the quantizers for BS<br> cooperation systems. Four different quantizer types are analyzed and<br> optimized to allow better SQNR (Signal-to-Quantization Noise<br> Ratio) and BER (Bit Error Rate) performance.
Waste to Energy to Market (2016)

Lecture delivered at Humboldt State University on October 13, 2016 by Alexander Eaton. Part of the Sustainable futures speaker series sponsored by the Schatz Energy Research Center and the Environment and Community Program.
HSU's Sustainable Futures Speaker Series presents a free public lecture by Alex Eaton: Waste to Energy to Market. Alexander Eaton the co-founder and CEO of Sistema Biobolsa, a company that fabricates, distributes, finances and services small-scale biogas systems in Latin America. Based in Mexico, the company is currently growing into new markets. Alex is also the co-founder of the Latin America Biogas Network and the Mexico Biogas Program of the International Renewable Resources Institute. He has been supported in his work as an Ashoka Fellow and Switzer Environmental Leadership Fellow and through the USDA, US EPA, and the Mexican government. Alex has a B.A. in journalism from Western State College of Colorado and an M.S. from the Energy Technology and Policy master's program at Humboldt State University, where his master's thesis focused on the development of the Sistema Biobolsa concept.
Analysis of the effect of estrogen/androgen perturbation on penile development in transgenic and diethylstilbestrol‐Treated mice (2013)

Because both androgens and estrogens have been implicated in penile morphogenesis, we evaluated penile morphology in transgenic mice with known imbalance of androgen and estrogen signaling using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), histology, and immunohistochemistry of androgen and estrogen receptors α/β. Penises of adult wild-type, estrogen receptor-α knockout (αERKO), estrogen receptor-β knockout (βERKO), aromatase knockout (Arom-KO), and aromatase overexpression (Arom+) mice were evaluated, as well as adult mice treated with diethylstilbestrol (DES) from birth to day 10. Adult penises were examined because the adult pattern is the endpoint of development. The urethral orifice is formed by fusion of the MUMP (male urogenital mating protuberance) with the MUMP ridge, which consists of several processes fused to each other and to the MUMP. Similarly, the internal prepuce is completed ventrally by fusion of a ventral cleft. In adult murine penises the stromal processes that form the MUMP ridge are separated from their neighbors by clefts. αERKO, βERKO, and Arom-KO mice have penises with a MUMP ridge clefting pattern similar to that of wild-type mice. In contrast, Arom+ mice and neonatally DES-treated mice exhibit profound malformations of the MUMP, MUMP ridge clefting pattern, and internal prepuce. Abnormalities observed in Arom+ and neonatally DES-treated mice correlate with the expression of estrogen receptor-beta (ERβ) in the affected structures. This study demonstrates that formation of the urethal orifice and internal prepuce is due to fusion of separate epithelial-surfaced mesenchymal elements, a process dependent upon both androgen and estrogen signaling, in which ERβ signaling is strongly implicated.