gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kerr rotations and anisotropy in (Pt/Co/Pt)/X multilayers (1995)

The link between interface sharpness and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (K/sub /spl perp//) in Pt/Co multilayers has been exploited to yield enhanced magnetic anisotropy in related multilayer structures. These new multilayers consist of a (Pt/Co/Pt)/Pd stacking sequence where the Pt thickness is of just one atomic monolayer. The extra interfaces per period are introduced in areas where the spin polarization is still expected to be large thus resulting in extra magnetic anisotropy. K/sub /spl perp// as high as 5/spl times/10/sup 7/ erg/cm/sup 3/ was measured in Xe sputtered films with this new period. This idea was extended to (Pt/Co/Pt)X systems with X=Ag, Cu, Ni. A ten fold increase in K/sub /spl perp// is observed in these films compared to their respective Co/X counterparts. The Kerr rotation (/spl theta/K) as a function of photon wavelength is also greatly enhanced by the presence of the Pt monolayers. A strong dependence of /spl theta/K on the spacer element X in these systems is observed.
Evaluating temporal relations in clinical text: 2012 i2b2 Challenge (2013)

For event detection, statistical machine learning (ML) methods consistently showed superior performance. While ML and rule based methods seemed to detect temporal expressions equally well, the best systems overwhelmingly adopted a rule based approach for value normalization. For temporal relation classification, the systems using hybrid approaches that combined ML and heuristics based methods produced the best results.
A high‐order accurate particle‐in‐cell method (2012)

SUMMARY We propose the use of high‐order weighted essentially non‐oscillatory interpolation and moving‐least‐squares approximation schemes alongside high‐order time integration to enable high‐order accurate particle‐in‐cell methods. The key insight is to view the unstructured set of particles as the underlying representation of the continuous fields; the grid used to evaluate integro–differential coupling terms is purely auxiliary. We also include a novel regularization term to avoid the accumulation of noise in the particle samples without harming the convergence rate. We include numerical examples for several model problems: advection–diffusion, shallow water, and incompressible Navier–Stokes in vorticity formulation. The implementation demonstrates fourth‐order convergence, shows very low numerical dissipation, and is competitive with high‐order Eulerian schemes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Medium-induced soft gluon radiation in DIS. (2013)

We study color coherence effects on the medium-induced soft gluon radiation off an asymptotic quark hit by a virtual photon traversing a hot and dense QCD medium. The transverse momentum spectrum of the emitted gluon is computed at 1st order in opacity expansion. The interference effects between the initial and final state radiation modify the soft gluon spectrum when a finite angle between the incoming and outgoing quarks is considered, presenting a soft divergence. We comment on possible implications on observables in eA collisions which are sensitive to the initial state radiation.
An investigation of the rating process in the IELTS oral interview (2000)

Holistic assessments of oral language proficiency are often made in relation to performance in conversational language proficiency interviews, one such example of which is the IELTS Oral Interview. This study seeks to explore the rating practices of trained and accredited IELTS raters when judging candidates' performance in IELTS interviews. In particular, it aims to address questions such as: - How do raters cope with the task of having to base an assessment of ability on a single performance? - What is the relationship of linguistic and non-linguistic aspects of the performance? - How is the interlocutor's performance dealt with in the assessment of the candidate's ability? - Do raters focus on criteria other than those specifically mentioned in the descriptors? - How salient are the stated criteria? - Does the same performance elicit judgements of the same kind from different raters? This study adds to a small but growing body of qualitative research into the judgements made in assessments of second language speaking proficiency. Using data (taped IELTS interviews) collected in an earlier study (Brown and Hill, 1998), eight IELTS raters each rated four interviews selected from a set of eight using the IELTS bandscales. For each interview they provided a verbal protocol where they first summarised the reasons for the score they had awarded and then reviewed the tape in order to identify those features of the rating procedure which influenced their scoring. This methodology is known as stimulated verbal recall (di Pardo, 1994). In these, the raters were asked talk about the judging process and to identify the salient decision-making points of the interview. The raters were all accredited and practicing IEL TS interviewers. The candidates were all overseas students drawn from a pre-university (Foundation) course. At the time of the interviews they were preparing to take IELTS prior to submitting applications for tertiary study in Australia. The protocols were transcribed and coded. Findings are discussed and implications are drawn regarding the validity of this test format.
The Iraf Data Reduction And Analysis System (1986)

The Image Reduction and Analysis Facility (IRAF) is a general purpose software system for the reduction and analysis of scientific data. The IRAF system provides a good selection of programs for general image processing and graphics applications, plus a large selection of programs for the reduction and analysis of optical astronomy data. The system also provides a complete modern scientific programming environment, making it straightforward for institutions using IRAF to add their own software to the system. Every effort has been made to make the system as portable and device independent as possible, so that the system may be used on a wide variety of host computers and operating systems with a wide variety of graphics and image display devices.
Investigation of a 1/4-Scale Model of the Republic F-105 Airplane in the Langley 19-Foot Pressure Tunnel: Influence of Trailing-Edge Flap Span and Deflection on the Longitudinal Characteristics (1954)

Development tests on a 1/4-scale model of the Republic F-105 airplane are being conducted in the Langley 19-foot pressure tunnel.The second phase, the results of which are presented herein, was made at a Reynolds number of 9.0 x 10^ and a Mach number of 0.20.Exploratory tests were made at Reynolds numbers of 3, 6, 7, and 8 x 10 and corresponding Mach numbers of 0.06, 0.13, O.l6, and 0.18.The purpose of the present tests was to obtain the longitudinal force and moment characteristics of the model equipped with trailingedge flaps of various spans and deflections.In addition, an investigation was made to show the effect of Reynolds number and also the effect of a transonic inlet with the original horizontal tail and with a larger span horizontal tail.In order to expedite the issuance of the data for this airplane, no analysis of the data has been presented. NACA EM SL54H27
Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence from Ru(Bpy)<sub>3</sub><sup>2+</sup> Ion-Exchanged in Carbon Nanotube/Perfluorosulfonated Ionomer Composite Films (2004)

The electrochemistry and electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) of ruthenium(II) tris(bipyridine) (Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)) ion-exchanged in carbon nanotube (CNT)/Nafion composite films were investigated with tripropylamine (TPA) as a coreactant at a glassy carbon (GC) electrode. The major goal of this work was to investigate and develop new materials and immobilization approaches for the fabrication of ECL-based sensors with improved sensitivity, reactivity, and long-term stability. Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) could be strongly incorporated into Nafion film, but the rate of charge transfer was relative slow and its stability was also problematic. The interfusion of CNT in Nafion resulted in a high peak current of Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) and high ECL intensity. The results indicated that the composite film had more open structures and a larger surface area allowing faster diffusion of Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) and that the CNT could adsorb Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) and also acted as conducting pathways to connect Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) sites to the electrode. In the present work, the sensitivity of the ECL system at the CNT/Nafion film-modified electrodes was more than 2 orders of magnitude higher than that observed at a silica/Nafion composite film-modified electrode and 3 orders of magnitude higher than that at pure Nafion films. The CNT/Nafion composite film-modified GC electrodes also exhibited long-term stability.
A Comparison Study on Natural and Head/tail Breaks Involving Digital Elevation Models (2013)

The most widely used classification method for statistical mapping is Jenks’s natural breaks. However, it has been found that natural breaks is not good at classifying data which have scaling property. Scaling property is ubiquitous in many societal and natural phenomena. It can be explained as there are far more smaller things than larger ones. For example, there are far more shorter streets than longer ones, far more smaller street blocks than bigger ones, and far more smaller cities than larger ones. Head/tail breaks is a new classification scheme that is designed for values that exhibit scaling property. In Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), there are far more lower elevation points than higher elevation points. This study performs both head/tail breaks and natural breaks for values from five resolutions of DEMs. The aim of this study is to examine advantages and disadvantages of head/tail breaks classification scheme compared with natural breaks. One of the five resolutions of DEMs is given as an example to illustrate the principle behind the head/tail breaks in the case study.The results of head/tail breaks for five resolutions are slightly different from each other in number of classes or level of details. The similar results of comparisons support the previous finding that head/tail breaks is advantaged over natural breaks in reflecting the hierarchy of data. But the number of classes could be reduced for better statistical mapping. Otherwise the top values, which are very little, would be nearly invisible in the map.A main conclusion to be drawn from this study is that head/tail breaks classification scheme is advantaged over natural breaks in presenting hierarchy or scaling of elevation data, with the top classes gathered into one. Another conclusion is when the resolution gets higher; the scaling property gets more striking.
Extended electronic signature policies (2009)

A signature policy collects the rules to create and validate electronic signatures under which they become binding in a particular transactional context. These policies have been widely adopted to enforce the binding property of signatures in business scenarios. However, current standards only cover the definition of the requirements to be fulfilled by a single signature. As a consequence, business models where more than one signature is required in order to make the transaction effective cannot adhere to the benefits of signature policies. This paper is the first to propose a solution where the dependences and relationships among the signatures generated in the same transaction can be established. In particular, the ASN.1 definition of an extended signature policy is presented along with the procedures to be followed by the transacting parties. This work will be submitted to the IETF PKIX Work Group to be considered as an Experimental Request For Comments document (RFC).
AN APPROACH TO MONITORING DATA QUALTIY - PRODUCT ORIENTED APPROACH - (2010)

The data asset is increasingly becoming one of the top factors in securing organization success. Recognizing the importance of the quality of data, practitioners and researchers have considered for many years ways to improve data quality. Scientists have worked on mathematical and statistical model to introduce constrain based mechanism to prevent data quality problems. Management of the process of data generation has also attracted many researchers. The practical application of most of the proposed approaches is still very limited. Improving data quality with in the development cycle of information system is rarely integrated. Neither process mapping nor data modeling provides sufficient provision to define the required quality that data must conform to. Furthermore, ongoing monitoring of data for quality conformance is not possible without developing cost and time prohibitive data monitoring system. Recognising this limitation and aiming to provide a practical-orient approach, we propose a process centric information system design incorporating data product quality and conformance. In this paper we consider the benefit of a process centric framework for ongoing data quality monitoring.
A Millimeter-Wave Filtering Monopulse Antenna Array Based on Substrate Integrated Waveguide Technology (2015)

A millimeter-wave filtering monopulse antenna array based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology is proposed, manufactured, and tested in this communication. The proposed antenna array consists of a filter, a monopulse comparator, a feed network, and four antennas. A square dual-mode SIW cavity is designed to realize the monopulse comparator, in which internal coupling slots are located at its diagonal lines for the purpose of meeting the internal coupling coefficiencies in both sum and difference channels. Then, a four-output filter including the monopulse comparator is synthesized efficiently by modifying the coupling matrix of a single-ended filter. Finally, each SIW resonator coupled with those four outputs of the filter is replaced by a cavity-backed slot antenna so as to form the proposed filtering antenna array. A prototype is demonstrated at Ka band with a center frequency of 29.25 GHz and fractional bandwidth of 1.2%. Our measurement shows that, for the H-plane, the sidelobe levels of the sum pattern are less than -15 dB and the null depths of the difference pattern are less than -28 dB. The maximum measured gain of the sum beam at the center operating frequency is 8.1 dBi.
Effects of OSA, inhalational anesthesia, and fentanyl on the airway and ventilation of children (2002)

To assess effects of anesthesia and opioids, we studied 13 children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA, age 4.0 +/- 2.2 yr, mean +/- SD) and 24 age-matched control subjects (5.8 +/- 4.0 yr). Apnea indexes of children with OSA were 29.4 +/- 18 h-1, median 30 h-1. Under inhalational anesthetic, closing pressure at the mask was 2.2 +/- 6.9 vs. -14.7 +/- 7.8 cmH2O, OSA vs. control (P < 0.001). After intubation, spontaneous ventilation was 115.5 +/- 56.9 vs. 158.7 +/- 81.6 ml x kg-1 small middle dot min-1, OSA vs. control (P = 0.02), despite elevated PCO2 (49.3 vs. 42.1 Torr, OSA vs. control, P < 0.001). Minute ventilation fell after fentanyl (0.5 microg/kg iv), with central apnea in 6 of 13 OSA cases vs. 1 of 23 control subjects (P < 0.001). Consistent with the finding of reduced spontaneous ventilation, apnea was most likely when end-tidal CO2 exceeded 50 Torr during spontaneous breathing under anesthetic. Thus children with OSA had depressed spontaneous ventilation under anesthesia, and opioids precipitated apnea in almost 50% of children with OSA who were intubated but breathing spontaneously under inhalational anesthesia.
Immune Response in Ovarian Cancer: How Is the Immune SystemInvolved in Prognosis and Therapy: Potential for Treatment Utilization (2010)

Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death among women. Resistance to the disease occurs in more than 70% of the cases even after treated with chemotherapy agents such as paclitaxel- and platinum-based agents. The immune system is increasingly becoming a target for intense research in order to study the host's immune response against ovarian cancer. T cell populations, including NK T cells and Tregs, and cytokines have been associated with disease outcome, indicating their increasing clinical significance, having been associated with prognosis and as markers of disease progress, respectively. Harnessing the immune system capacity in order to induce antitumor response remains a major challenge. This paper examines the recent developments in our understanding of the mechanisms of development of the immune response in ovarian cancer as well as its prognostic significance and the existing experience in clinical studies.
Practical Aspects of Multiple Sequence Alignment (1998)

This chapter contains sections titled: Progressive Alignment Methods Motifs and Patterns Presentation Methods
The use of mifepristone in the treatment of Cushing's syndrome (2012)

Patients with endogenous hypercortisolism, Cushing's syndrome, have significant morbidity and increased mortality when inadequately treated. When surgical therapy has been unsuccessful other treatment modalities are necessary. Previously available therapies have limited effectiveness or significant toxicity. Mifepristone, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, provides a novel approach to the treatment of hypercortisolism. It is rapidly absorbed, highly protein bound and has a long plasma half-life. Since it also serves as a progesterone receptor antagonist, mifepristone has been used in several other medical conditions. A recently published prospective trial of mifepristone therapy for Cushing's syndrome resulted in its recent approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use in Cushing's syndrome.
Mobile devices – the most hostile environment for security? (2012)

Mobile devices enable millions of users to be more productive and interact with their world in more ways than ever before. Today's mobile devices pack quite a punch – multi-core, multi-gigahertz processors, gigabytes of onboard and external storage capabilities coupled with wifi, Bluetooth and GSM or CDMA radios – all packed into a form factor not much larger than a candy bar. Mobile devices are essentially highly miniaturised desktops, and they are also set to become the principle interface between people and business. Chief among the attractions of mobile devices is the use of mobile applications that extend and enhance the capabilities of smartphones in thousands of ways. Mobile devices enable millions of users to be more productive and interact with their world in more ways than ever before. However, mobile applications also expose users and their phones to a multitude of not-so traditional issues, such as a lack of effective security controls, a new information protection landscape, and new security and design paradigms that simply didn't exist a few years ago. Approaches to securing mobile applications build upon many of the techniques used in more traditional software development. However, properly accounting for new threats and attacks requires the use of mobile-specific security assessment processes. Jason Rouse of Cigital explores this threat landscape which, he argues, must be properly understood, especially by those developing software.
The Intelligent Vehicle Coordination of the Cybernetic Transportation System (2009)

Cybernetic Transportation System (CTS) is a new branch of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), which is a solution to the urban transportation problem. The coordination of intelligent vehicles is critical for the operation of the Cybernetic Transportation System. We present a distributed coordination approach for the intelligent vehicles of the Cybernetic Transportation System, which is based on an agent-based framework. Each vehicle agent generates intention independently by considering its and other agents' shared status and intentions in the coordination. Typical coordination scenes, including platoon and overtaking, have been demonstrated in the two-lane, two-way traffic situation and the effectiveness of the proposed coordination approach has been validated.
The Brassica genome (2013)

EDITORIAL article Front. Plant Sci., 30 May 2013Sec. Plant Genetics and Genomics https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2013.00148
Towards understanding the nanofluidic reverse electrodialysis system: well matched charge selectivity and ionic composition (2011)

The widespread use of tiny electrical devices, from microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) to portable personal electronics, provides a new challenge in the miniaturization and integration of power supply systems. Towards this goal, we have recently demonstrated a bio-inspired nanofluidic energy harvesting system that converts salinity gradient energy from the ambient environment into sustainable electricity with single ion-selective nanopores (Adv. Funct. Mater. 2010, 20, 1339). The nanofluidic reverse electrodialysis system (NREDS) significantly improves the performance of conventional membrane-based reverse electrodialysis systems due to a higher ionic flux and a lower fluidic resistance. However, the fundamental working mechanism of the NREDS has been largely unexplored in the literature. In this work we have systematically investigated the performance of the NREDS in relation to the electrolyte type and the charge selectivity of the nanofluidic channel using both experimental and theoretical approaches. Experimental results show that the short-circuit current, the open-circuit voltage, and the resulting electric power of the NREDS are very sensitive to the ionic composition of the electrolyte solution. Through an in-depth theoretical analysis, two dominant factors that govern the charge separation and ion selectivity of the nanochannels were identified. The results prove that, with well-matched electrolyte types and nanopore charge selectivity, the harvested electric power and energy conversion efficiency can be improved by nearly two orders of magnitude.
Antioxidative and Chemopreventive Properties of Vernonia amygdalina and Garcinia biflavonoid (2011)

Recently, considerable attention has been focused on dietary and medicinal phytochemicals that inhibit, reverse or retard diseases caused by oxidative and inflammatory processes. Vernonia amygdalina is a perennial herb belonging to the Asteraceae family. Extracts of the plant have been used in various folk medicines as remedies against helminthic, protozoal and bacterial infections with scientific support for these claims. Phytochemicals such as saponins and alkaloids, terpenes, steroids, coumarins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans, xanthones, anthraquinones, edotides and sesquiterpenes have been extracted and isolated from Vernonia amygdalina. These compounds elicit various biological effects including cancer chemoprevention. Garcinia kola (Guttiferae) seed, known as “bitter kola”, plays an important role in African ethnomedicine and traditional hospitality. It is used locally to treat illnesses like colds, bronchitis, bacterial and viral infections and liver diseases. A number of useful phytochemicals have been isolated from the seed and the most prominent of them is the Garcinia bioflavonoids mixture called kolaviron. It has well-defined structure and an array of biological activities including antioxidant, antidiabetic, antigenotoxic and hepatoprotective properties. The chemopreventive properties of Vernonia amygdalina and Garcinia biflavonoids have been attributed to their abilities to scavenge free radicals, induce detoxification, inhibit stress response proteins and interfere with DNA binding activities of some transcription factors.
Effects of Probiotic Bacteria on Fish Performance (2017)

According to many reports, the beneficial effects of probiotic bacteria on fish have well been documented. Probiotics as an alternative strategy have been suggested to be used as replacement for antimicrobial drugs and growth promoters. In addition, some researchers believe that probiotics have advantages for improving the health of fish in aquaculture and increasing fish performance. Probiotic bacteria can be used in feed and play a beneficial role in the ecosystem of the fish gastrointestinal tract and finally enhance the growth performance and other rearing parameters such as feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, digestibility and body composition.