gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advances in Lipid-Based Subunit Vaccine Formulations (2009)

Advances in vaccine formulation have seen a trend towards the use of subunit antigens, ideally incorporated into particulate carriers. These systems are usually in the nanometer size range to facilitate uptake into antigen-presenting cells and to mimic the nature of pathogens. In addition, adjuvants can be incorporated into the same carrier and therefore result in the simultaneous delivery of antigen and adjuvant to the same antigen-presenting cell. A wide variety of particulate carriers have been investigated for vaccine delivery ranging from biological-based particles such as bacterial ghosts and virus-like particles to more simple polymer- or lipid-based systems. In this review we will focus on lipid-based particulate carriers as these offer great potential as regards immune stimulation and due to the simple formulation techniques involved are likely to be more easily scaled-up for manufacture. Another advantage of such systems is versatility in that in addition to the subcutaneous administration of these vaccine formulations, there is also potential for transdermal or even oral delivery. Examples of such delivery systems include liposomes, ethosomes, transfersomes, bilosomes, and immune stimulating complexes. The physico-chemical properties of such systems will be reviewed as will their potential to stimulate immune responses. In addition, we will summarise the recent developments in lipid-based sustained delivery systems for antigens. Keywords: Vaccine, immune response, lipids, particulate delivery, scale-up
The Clinical Application of Purine Nucleosides As Biomarkers of Tissue Ischemia and Hypoxia in Humans <i>In Vivo</i> (2019)

During periods of ischemia and hypoxia, intracellular adenosine triphosphate stores are rapidly depleted. Its metabolism results in release of purine nucleosides into the systemic circulation. While the potential of purine nucleosides as a biomarker of ischemia has long been recognized, this has been limited by their complex physiological role and inherent instability leading to problematic sampling and prolonged, complex analysis procedures. Purine release has been demonstrated from cerebral tissue in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy and patients presenting to hospital with stroke and transient ischemic attack. Rises in purine nucleosides have also been demonstrated in patients with angina and myocardial infarction, during systemic hypoxia, exercise, in patients with peripheral arterial disease and during surgery. This article reviews purine nucleoside production in ischemia, the development of purine analysis technology and details results of the studies investigating purine nucleosides as a biomarker of ischemia with suggestions for areas of future research.
Perioperative care of the immunocompromised patient (1993)

Immunocompromised patients are increasingly common in modern surgical practice. Challenges related to their care include identifying the determinants of increased risk and selecting the appropriate therapy for individual patients. There are multiple and overlapping causes of immunosuppression in surgical patients that make the interpretation of clinical trials difficult. A clear understanding of these mechanisms guides the physician to choose the immunomodulatory agents that can be used for improving current rates of complication and mortality. The best practical approach to immunocompromised patients involves determining who is at risk, aggressive diagnosis, early therapy, and a high index of suspicion for infectious complications.
Vibration Reduction of a Lightly Damped System Using a Hybrid Input Shaping Method (2005)

Abstract This paper describes three different methods for generating a command profile for a lightly damped second-order system to manoeuvre it from one position to another, eliminating the residual vibrations likely to occur after the completion of the manoeuvre. The first method is a preshaped command input obtained by superimposing a cycloid onto a ramped versine + ramp function, and the second method is a reshaping of the input of any profile by convolving it with a sequence of two impulses. The third method, the ‘hybrid input method’, combines the first two methods to obtain a better robustness. The methods are tested on simulations, and the robustness of each is examined. The results show that the hybrid input shaping method is more robust to uncertainties in system parameters, namely the natural frequencies and damping ratio. The applicability of the methods is shown by experimental results.
The origin of circulating calcitonin gene-related peptide in the rat (1986)

It is known that in addition to the calcitonin precursor the calcitonin gene also encodes a novel peptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). This potent vasodilator has been found in the circulation of man. This present study demonstrates that CGRP is also found in the circulation of the rat and that plasma CGRP comes from two different sources: the thyroid, a major source in old rats, and the perivascular nerves probably at all ages.
Single-Beam Dark Optical Traps for Cold Atoms (1999)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Nir Friedman, Lev Khaykovich, Roee Ozeri, and Nir Davidson, "Single-Beam Dark Optical Traps for Cold Atoms," Optics & Photonics News 10(12), 36-37 (1999) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Design of weld fillers for mitigation of residual stresses in ferritic and austenitic steel welds (2011)

Residual stresses that arise as a result of welding can cause distortion, and also have significant implications for structural integrity. Martensitic filler metals with low transformation temperatures can efficiently reduce the residual stresses generated during welding, because the strains associated with the transformation compensate for thermal contraction strains during cooling. However, it is vital that a low weld transformation temperature is not obtained at the expense of other important material properties. This article outlines the alloy design process used to develop appropriate low transformation temperature filler materials for the mitigation of residual stresses in both low alloy ferritic and austenitic stainless steel welds. Residual stresses in single pass, 6 mm bead in groove welds, on 12 mm thick plates, have been measured and compared against those obtained with commercially available conventional austenitic and ferritic filler materials. The filler metals developed here exceeded requirements in terms of weld mechanical properties, while significantly reducing the maximum residual stress in the weld and heat affected zone.
Coverage probability and spectral efficiency for downlink hexagonal cellular networks with Rayleigh fading (2013)

This paper deals with the performance analysis for the downlink with Rayleigh fading in Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)-based hexagonal cellular networks with static frequency reuse. A statistical analytical framework is developed where inter-cell interference is approximated as being generated by surrogate interfering base stations whose locations are modeled by a spatial Poisson point process and the theory of stochastic geometry is exploited. Analytical expressions for coverage probability and spectral efficiency (including location-dependent and cell area wide) are derived and their numerical results are verified by simulation. In addition to the analytical tractability of the proposed framework, the effect of important parameters such as transmission probability, path loss exponent, and SINR gap from Shannon capacity are captured.
Distributed Opportunistic Scheduling for Cooperative Networking (2011)

This paper considers distributed opportunistic scheduling (DOS) with cooperative relaying in wireless ad hoc networks, with a focus on characterizing the desired tradeoff between the probing cost for establishing cooperative relaying and the higher throughput via opportunistic cooperative networking. Specifically, distributed scheduling and probing for cooperative relaying is treated as an optimal stopping problem with two levels of incomplete information. Cases with or without dedicated relays are considered, and the existence of the optimal strategies for both cases are established. Then, it is shown that for the case with dedicated relays, the optimal strategy exhibits a threshold structure, in which it is optimal to probe the dedicated relay when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the source-relay link exceeds some threshold. For the case without dedicated relays, under more restrictive conditions, the optimal strategy is also threshold-based, in the sense that it is optimal to probe potential relays when the SNR of the source-destination link lies between two thresholds. Furthermore, these strategies can be implemented in a distributed manner.
Collagen Cross-Linking in the Management of Microbial Keratitis (2018)

Increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents has contributed to an elevated risk of complications of infectious keratitis. Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) has been widely adopted for the management of keratoconus and post-refractive surgery corneal ectasia. It has recently been introduced as an option for treating keratitis due to multidrug resistant organisms. The purpose of this review is to discuss the rationale, safety, and evidence for CXL in infectious keratitis and its possible effect on ocular surface inflammation. Published data show that CXL is effective and safe as an adjunct to antibiotic treatment in selected cases of bacterial keratitis. The benefit of CXL probably varies according to the etiology of the infection.
Binary miscible blends of poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly(α-methyl styrene-<i>co</i>-acrylonitrile): I. Rheological behavior (2002)

Viscoelastic properties of poly(α-methylstyrene-co-acrylonitrile) and poly(methyl methacrylate) blends have been systematically investigated below and above the lower critical solution phase-separation temperatures. In the one-phase regime, the viscoelastic characteristic parameters of the blends, such as zero shear viscosity, η 0, and entanglement plateau modulus, G N 0, were found to be composition dependent. A negative deviation of the composition dependence of G N 0 from the linear-mixing rule was detected indicating that the total number of entanglement points per unit volume in the blends is smaller than the sum of those in the two constituent pure components. Similar behavior was also seen in the composition dependence of η 0. The linear-viscoelastic properties of the blends were found to be greatly changed by phase separation in the two-phase regime. The change in the viscoelastic properties was clearly observed in the failing of the Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) superposition principle and sudden changes in the slopes of the temperature ramps of some of viscoelastic material functions as well as an appearance of a second plateau at a small value of frequency in the classical frequency dependence of the complex dynamic viscosity (η *). This large change in the linear-viscoelastic properties might be attributed to an additional contribution of concentration fluctuations to the material functions at the phase-separation temperatures. The phase diagram of the blends was also estimated rheologically and the result was in good agreement with the cloud point measurements obtained visually under quiescent condition at a heating rate of 1°C/min.
A Robust Error-Based Rain Estimation Method for Polarimetric Radar. Part I: Development of a Method (2011)

Abstract The algorithms used to estimate rainfall from polarimetric radar variables show significant variance in error characteristics over the range of naturally occurring rain rates. As a consequence, to improve rainfall estimation accuracy using polarimetric radar, it is necessary to optimally combine a number of different algorithms. In this study, a new composite method is proposed that weights the algorithms by the inverse of their theoretical error. A number of approaches are discussed and are investigated using simulated radar data calculated from disdrometer measurements. The resultant algorithms show modest improvement over composite methods based on decision-tree logic—in particular, at rain rates above 20 mm h −1 .
The Recession As An Opportunity For Curbing Transport Emissions (2011)

The effects of the transport sector on the environment are a well-recognized issue in the European Union and around the world. This area is a subject of much discussion as to how these negative effects could be minimized, especially with regards to impacts contributing to climate change. This paper aims to investigate the results of the economic crisis and how its consequences could be exploited to combat air pollution.
Effect of Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation on Surface Erosion and Scour of Granular Soils: Proof of Concept (2017)

Erosion is relevant to a variety of infrastructure problems such as bridge scour, roadway shoulder erosion, coastal erosion, and riverbank and slope stability. This research investigated the feasibility of using microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP) as an erosion countermeasure. MICP is a natural phenomenon in which calcite precipitation occurs as a consequence of microbial metabolic activity. The precipitated calcite modifies the soil fabric and provides an additional bonding force between soil particles. In this paper, a preliminary experimental study on the erosional behavior of MICP-treated sand is presented. A standard soil, Ottawa graded sand, was treated with a bacterium (Sporosarcina pasteurii) in a full-contact reactor—one in which the soil in a fabric mold was fully immersed in the bacteria and cementation solution. The morphologies and crystalline structures of the precipitated calcite in porous sediments were characterized using microscopic imaging techniques. The treated soil samples...
Foamy Monocytes Form Early and Contribute to Nascent Atherosclerosis in Mice With Hypercholesterolemia (2015)

Foamy monocytes, which form early in blood of mice with hypercholesterolemia, infiltrate into early atherosclerotic lesions in a CD11c-dependent manner and play crucial roles in nascent atherosclerosis development.
Brownian Motion of Dislocations in Thin Films (1997)

The motion of edge dislocations in a single monolayer film of Cu on Ru(0001) was studied by time-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy. The dislocations were observed to make rapid 1D random walks in the film. This dislocation motion is attributed to the equilibrium thermal exchange of atoms between the solid film and the adatom gas covering the film. These results highlight a fundamental difference between the dynamics of dislocations in thin films and the bulk, which is in principle important in understanding the mechanical properties of thin films.
Abcs of os/390 system programming volume 1 (2000)

This redbook is Volume 1 of a five-volume set that is designed to introduce the structure of an OS/390 and S/390 operating environment. The set will help you install, tailor, and configure an OS/390 operating system, and is intended for system programmers who are new to an OS/390 environment. Volume 1 gives a broad understanding of the software and S/390 architecture and how it is used together with the OS/390 operating system. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the products and components that make up an OS/390 system. Chapter 2 describes OS/390 storage concepts. Chapter 3 describes S/390 hardware and I/O management which includes an introduction to HCD. Chapter 4 describes the customization and installation products TSO/E and ISPF and job control language (JCL). Chapter 5 describes the OS/390 delivery options and the download process using ServerPac option.
Applications of Operational Transconductance Amplifier in Power System Analog Emulation (2005)

The application of operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) in analog emulation of power systems in the form of a power system on a chip (PSoC) is explored. Sub-circuits in the PSoC have been developed with OTAs, which make a reconfigurable analog emulator realizable. In addition, simulation results using Spice highlight important characteristics of the OTAs in the sub-circuits.
Heteroepitaxial growth and characterization of InP on Si substrates (1990)

Heteroepitaxy of a highly mismatched system (∼8%), InP/Si, has been studied using low-pressure organometallic vapor phase epitaxy. GaAs buffer layer effects on residual stress and defect density in InP/Si have been clarified. Using a 1-μm-thick GaAs buffer layer, residual stress in the InP layer has been reduced to as low as 2×108 dyn/cm2 compared to ∼4×108 dyn/cm2 for InP directly grown on Si. Moreover, the GaAs buffer layer has also been confirmed to be effective for improving InP/Si quality by evaluation of etch-pit density, x-ray diffraction measurement, and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. Electrical properties of InP layers on GaAs/Si were evaluated with the van der Pauw and deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) methods. The heteroepitaxial layer’s own electron trap has also been observed by DLTS measurements. For an InP/GaAs/Si structure, InP growth temperature effect on surface morphology and etch-pit density is also shown. High quality InP films with an etch-pit density of 8×106 cm−2 have been obtained on Si substrates by using thermal cycle growth and InP/GaAs/Si structure.
Mass Spectrometric Protein Sequencing de Novo: The Full Determination of a 13.7 kDa Camelid Nanobody Sequence by MALDI Top-Down-Sequencing (2010)

RP-91 Top-Down Sequencing (TDS) was used in this work for the first time to establish a complete protein sequence de novo. The sample was made available for participation in a blind study in the course of the Martinsried Conference 2009 on “Micromethods in Protein Chemistry”. A pure ∼14 kDa protein was received, which was not present in any database to prevent sequencing by simple annotation to sequences that can be searched. Samples were received as 120 pmol aliquots. About 10-20 pmol were prepared using sDHB or DAN matrix and run on a MALDI-TOF by in-source decay in reflector mode (reISD). They were directly analyzed by de novo TDS software and the entire protein sequence was manually assembled from 5 reISD and Tз-sequencing spectra. ReISD spectra called N- and C-terminal 70mer sequences up to ∼8 kDa based on isotopically resolved fragments and 10-20 ppm mass accuracy. This provided an overlap of the N- and C-terminal calls and safe sequence determination also in the core part of the protein. The three N-terminal Leu residues were unequivocally assigned by heCID-TOF/TOF analysis of the tryptic N-terminal peptide after the sequence framework was established. The protein was identified based on the established sequence and a protein-BLAST search as a camelid variable heavy chain antibody (V(H)H domain “affibody”). The molecular weight was experimentally confirmed with a mass accuracy of 43 ppb, which permitted the exclusion of any artificial or in vivo protein deamidation and the assignment of the single disulfide bond as 100 % oxidized. It was demonstrated for the first time, that mass spectrometric top-down de novo sequencing of an entire protein in the 14 kDa range is possible. In the conclusion of the study, the top-down sequence assignment turned out being 100 % correct.
Tryptic hydrolysis (in vitro) of crystalline and noncrystalline proteins from Phaseolus beans (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTryptic hydrolysis (in vitro) of crystalline and noncrystalline proteins from Phaseolus beansZhuo Li, Inteaz Alli, and Selim KermashaCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1989, 37, 3, 643–647Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00087a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00087a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Increased Stress-Induced Adrenocorticotropin Response after Long-Term Intracerebroventricular Treatment of Rats with Antisense Mineralocorticoid Receptor Oligodeoxynucleotides (1997)

Brain corticosteroid receptors, the type 1 mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and the type 2 glucocorticoid receptor (GR), are involved in the regulation of neuroendocrine and behavioral responses during ongoing and stressful conditions. To further investigate the role of MR in these responses, we treated male Wistar rats intracerebroventricularly (icv) for 1 week with an 18-base end-capped phosphorothioate-protected antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) directed against MR mRNA (MR-AS). A mixed bases sequence (MR-MB) and vehicle (0.9% saline) served as controls. The ODN solution was administered by continuous infusion (1 microgram/0.5 microliter/h) via an icv cannula connected with polyethylene tubing to a subcutaneously implanted Alzet miniosmotic pump. No nonspecific effects of the ODNs, such as signs of sickness behavior or loss of body weight, were observed at any time during the treatment. The MR-AS treatment produced a 21% decline in hippocampal MR concentrations. Hippocampal GR levels were not affected by the treatment. MR and GR levels after MR-MB treatment were similar to those found after treatment with the vehicle. In situ hybridization experiments using an [35S]-labeled antisense MR probe showed that hippocampal MR mRNA levels were increased in MR-AS-treated rats. No changes were found in basal early morning levels of plasma ACTH and corticosterone which is consistent with the lack of any changes in adrenal and thymus weight. When rats were socially defeated for 10 min by a male and female resident and then placed for 5 min in the elevated plus-maze, no changes in the anxiety-like behavior were observed in MR-AS-treated animals. However, MR-AS-treated rats killed immediately after the behavioral test had markedly higher plasma ACTH, but not corticosterone, levels than the MR-MB and saline controls. In conclusion, down-regulation of the brain MR produces an enhanced responsiveness of ACTH to stressful situations which appears to be accompanied by a reduced sensitivity of the adrenal gland to ACTH.