gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Butyrate Increases Intracellular Calcium Levels and Enhances Growth Hormone Release from Rat Anterior Pituitary Cells via the G-Protein-Coupled Receptors GPR41 and 43 (2014)

Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) closely related to the ketone body ß-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), which is considered to be the major energy substrate during prolonged exercise or starvation. During fasting, serum growth hormone (GH) rises concomitantly with the accumulation of BHB and butyrate. Interactions between GH, ketone bodies and SCFA during the metabolic adaptation to fasting have been poorly investigated to date. In this study, we examined the effect of butyrate, an endogenous agonist for the two G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), GPR41 and 43, on non-stimulated and GH-releasing hormone (GHRH)-stimulated hGH secretion. Furthermore, we investigated the potential role of GPR41 and 43 on the generation of butyrate-induced intracellular Ca2+ signal and its ultimate impact on hGH secretion. To study this, wt-hGH was transfected into a rat pituitary tumour cell line stably expressing the human GHRH receptor. Treatment with butyrate promoted hGH synthesis and improved basal and GHRH-induced hGH-secretion. By acting through GPR41 and 43, butyrate enhanced intracellular free cytosolic Ca2+. Gene-specific silencing of these receptors led to a partial inhibition of the butyrate-induced intracellular Ca2+ rise resulting in a decrease of hGH secretion. This study suggests that butyrate is a metabolic intermediary, which contributes to the secretion and, therefore, to the metabolic actions of GH during fasting.
Increasing cement grinding capacity with vertical roller mill technology (2003)

With the many large-scale plant expansions made in the US in recent years, there has been a need to use new and complex burning and emission control technologies to comply with modem emission regulations. However, in many cases these same plants have chosen to use very traditional technology for finish grinding-typically a ball mill and separator. With today's power price issues in the US, and the large experience base that the rest of the world has with the use of new technology in finish grinding, the US market is considering the use of modern vertical roller mill technology for cement grinding. This paper discusses the different options available for upgrading the capacity of an existing plant, provides comparisons of operating costs, simplicity of operation, product quality considerations, etc., based on the OK mill project at Phoenix Cement Company (PCC) as the first vertical mill for cement grinding in the US.
Research on Preparation and Properties of Coal Gangue Hollow Sphere Porous Materials (2015)

Porous ceramic material is prepared by means of chemically foaming process and taking coal gangue hollow sphere and glass powder as the main raw material, using calcium carbonate(Ca CO3) as foaming agent and the properties of porous ceramic materials are investigated. The experimental results show that homogenous microstructures of large pores could be obtained by adding carbonates and the apparent density decreased obviously with increasing the sintering temperature, apparent density values of190 kg/m3 at a low sintering temperature(670 ℃); the diameter of the porous gradually increases with increasing the sintering temperature, the water absorption decreased firstly and then has a small rise.In addition, the apparent density has a great influence on thermal conductivity, with the apparent density change from 520 kg/m3 to 190 kg/m3, the coefficient of thermal conductivity is obvious downtrend from 0.103 W/(m·K) to 0.037 W/(m·K). The results of this study could initiate a new way for utilization of coal gangue to achieve significant environmental, economic and social benefits.
Compact state machines for high performance pattern matching (2007)

Pattern matching is essential to a wide range of applications such as network intrusion detection, virus scanning, etc. Pattern matching algorithms normally rely on state machines to detect predefined patterns. Recently, parallel pattern matching engines, based on ASICs, FPGAs or network processors, perform matching with multiple state machines. The state migration in the matching procedure incurs intensive memory accesses. Thus, it is critical to minimize the storage of state machines such that they can be fit in on-chip or other fast memory modules to achieve high-speed pattern matching. This paper proposes novel optimization techniques, namely state re-labeling and memory partition, to reduce state machine storage. The paper also presents architectural designs based on the optimization strategy. We evaluate our design using realistic pattern sets, and the results show state machine memory reduction up to 80.1%.
Fabrication of Infrared Left‐Handed Metamaterials via Double Template‐Assisted Electrochemical Deposition (2008)

A sandwich structured left-handed metamaterial (LHM) based on a silver dendritic cell array is prepared by using a double template-assisted electrochemical deposition method. This bottom-up approach provides a facile, lower-cost method to fabricate LHMs of larger areas at IR and even visible light frequencies.
[The experimental study of Radix Puerariae inhibiting glycation in rats induced by D-galactose]. (2006)

Puerariae can significantly inhibit glycation reaction in rats induced by D-galactose.
Elongator, a conserved complex required for wobble uridine modifications in Eukaryotes (2014)

Elongator is a 6 subunit protein complex highly conserved in eukaryotes. The role of this complex has been controversial as the pleiotropic phenotypes of Elongator mutants have implicated the complex in several cellular processes. However, in yeast there is convincing evidence that the primary and probably only role of this complex is in formation of the 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl (mcm(5)) and 5-carbamoylmethyl (ncm(5)) side chains on uridines at wobble position in tRNA. In this review we summarize the cellular processes that have been linked to the Elongator complex and discuss its role in tRNA modification and regulation of translation. We also describe additional gene products essential for formation of ncm(5) and mcm(5) side chains at U34 and their influence on Elongator activity.
Distributed optical-fibre sensors for the measurement of pressure, strain and temperature (1988)

An analysis of fully-distributed optical-fibre sensor (DOFS) systems, with particular reference to the measurement of pressure, strain and temperature in industrial environments, is presented. The analysis seeks to establish relationships between primary system parameters such as sensitivity, accuracy, bandwidth, resolution and dynamic range. These relationships allow appropriate trade-offs to be made in order to meet any given set of industrial requirements, and also allow quantitative comparisons to be made amongst the various kinds of DOFS systems.The physical phenomena which may be used in DOFS are considered, leading to the conclusion that, to give a performance likely to be generally attractive for industrial application, systems which use optical phase modulation by the measurand should be used.The present state-of-the-art with regard to component technology in support of DOFS is reviewed, with the conclusion that most of the requirements can be met already, and that present trends should soon take care of the remainder.
Thermally-enhanced remote plasma nitrided ultrathin (1.65 nm) gate oxide with excellent performances in reduction of leakage current and boron diffusion (2001)

Ultrathin thermally enhanced remote plasma nitrided oxides (TE-RPNO) with equivalent oxide thickness down to 1.65 nm are fabricated to investigate their leakage current reduction and boron diffusion barrier performances. A PMOSFET with TE-RPNO, compared to its conventional oxide counter-part, yields almost one order magnitude lower gate leakage current, less flatband voltage changes in high boron implantation dose or activation temperature, and shows broader process windows in the tradeoff between boron penetration and dopant activation.
HaCaT Keratinocytes Response on Antimicrobial Atelocollagen Substrates: Extent of Cytotoxicity, Cell Viability and Proliferation (2014)

The effective and widely tested biocides: Benzalkonium chloride, bronopol, chitosan, chlorhexidine and irgasan were added in different concentrations to atelocollagen matrices. In order to assess how these antibacterial agents influence keratinocytes cell growth, cell viability and proliferation were determined by using MTT assay. Acquired data indicated a low toxicity by employing any of these chemical substances. Furthermore, cell viability and proliferation were comparatively similar to the samples where there were no biocides. It means that regardless of the agent, collagen-cell-attachment properties are not drastically affected by the incorporation of those biocides into the substrate. Therefore, these findings suggest that these atelocollagen substrates enhanced by the addition of one or more of these agents may render effectiveness against bacterial stains and biofilm formation, being the samples referred to herein as "antimicrobial substrates" a promising view in the design of novel antimicrobial biomaterials potentially suitable for tissue engineering applications.
Tunable electronic transport and unidirectional quantum wires in graphene subjected to electric and magnetic fields (2010)

Magnetic barriers in graphene are not easily tunable. Here we show that the application of both electric and magnetic fields provides tunable and far more controllable electronic states in graphene. In particular, a one-dimensional channel (quantum wire) can be created, which supports localized electron-hole states with parameters tunable by the electric field. Such quantum wire offers peculiar conducting properties, such as unidirectional conductivity and robustness to disorder. Two separate quantum wires comprise a waveguide with two types of eigenmodes: one type is similar to traditional waveguides, the other type is formed by coupled surface waves propagating along the boundaries of the waveguide.
INFLUENCE OF PROCESSING CONDITIONS ON THE STRUCTURAL AND FRACTURE BEHAVIOR OF PP PIPE GRADES (2002)

Polypropylene (PP) is being used increasingly as a material for pressure pipes for distribution of hot and cold water. In these applications, the long-term performance and reliability are critical, key properties. The lifetime of PP is influenced by a large number of structural and morphological parameters. The structural changes due to processing conditions were studied by “rapid” SIS/DSC method (stepwise isothermal segregation). The full notch creep test (FNCT) was used to estimate the pipe lifetime. The application of both structural and fracture methods allows to describe these changes. A correlation between time to failure and structural parameters (MFR—melt mass-flow rate, drift molecular parameter τ, and kinetic parameter k) was found.
Study on extraction of insoluble dietary fiber from apple pulp. (2012)

[Objective] To optimize the extraction conditions of insoluble dietary fiber from apple pulp.[Method] The insoluble dietary fiber was extracted from the apple pulp by alkaline,and the optimal extraction conditions were determined by orthogonal experiment.[Result] The influential order of each factor on the extraction of insoluble fiber decreased in the order of solid-liquid ratio alkali concentration temperature extraction time,and the optimal extraction technology was A3B1C2D2,that is,1∶11 g/ml of solid-liquid ratio,0.25 mol/L alkaline concentration,50 ℃ of extraction temperature and 2 h extraction time,under these conditions,the yield of insoluble dietary fiber was 35.45%.[Conclusion] The apple pulp contains rich dietary fiber,and the insoluble dietary fiber extracted from the apple pulp has great development value.
Microgermination of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> Spores (1969)

The biphasic nature of germination curves of individual Bacillus cereus T spores was further characterized by assessing the effects of temperature, concentration of germinants, and some inorganic cations on microgermination. Temperature was shown to affect both phases of microgermination as well as the microlag period, whereas the concentration of l-alanine and supplementation with adenosine exerted a significant effect only on the microlag period. The germination curves of individual spores induced by inosine were also biphasic and resembled those of spores induced by l-alanine. High concentrations (0.1 m or higher) of calcium and other inorganic cations prolonged both phases of microgermination, particularly the second phase, and had a less pronounced effect on the microlag period. The second phase of microgermination was completely inhibited when spores were germinated either in the presence of 0.3 m CaCl(2) or at a temperature of 43 C; this inhibition was reversible. Observations on the germination of spore suspensions (kinetics of the release of dipicolinic acid and mucopeptides, loss of heat resistance, increase in stainability, decrease in turbidity and refractility) were interpreted on the basis of the biphasic nature of microgermination. Dye uptake by individual spores during germination appeared also to be a biphasic process.
Protecting the Wnner: Second-price Versus Oral Auctions (1990)

prices ; information ; economic models
Early gene m18, a novel player in the immune response to murine cytomegalovirus (2002)

The identification of all antigenic peptides encoded by a pathogen, its T cell 'immunome', is a research aim for rational vaccine design. Screening of proteome-spanning peptide libraries or computational prediction is used to identify antigenic peptides recognized by CD8 T cells. Based on their high coding capacity, cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) could specify numerous antigenic peptides. Yet, current evidence indicates that the memory CD8 T cell response in a given haplotype is actually focused on a few viral proteins. CMVs actively interfere with antigen processing and presentation by the expression of immune evasion proteins. In the case of murine CMV (mCMV), these proteins are effectual in the early (E) phase of the virus replication cycle and should thus preclude the presentation of peptides derived from E proteins. Notably, the m18 gene is here added to a growing list of mCMV E genes that encode antigenic peptides in spite of the E phase immune evasion strategies of the virus.
Maturation of the filaria<i>Litomosoides sigmodontis</i>in BALB/c mice; comparative susceptibility of nine other inbred strains (1992)

When inoculated subcutaneously, the infective larvae of L. sigmodontis undergo complete development and produce a patent microfilaraemia in mice of the BALB background (BALB/c, BALB/K and BALB/B, with respectively the H-2d, H-2k et H-2b haplotypes). The most susceptible strain is BALB/c with all mice harbouring adult filariae and 47% of mice presenting with a patent microfilaraemia. Mice with the B10 background (B10, B10Br and B10D2, with respectively the H-2b, H-2k et H-2d haplotypes) are almost completely resistant to infection. Adult filariae were recovered from all mice of the CBA/Ca, CBA/HN, C3H/HeN, DBA/2N strains. However, the site and structural development of the parasite varied in each strain. Absence of microfilaraemia is associated with absent or abnormal spicules, reduced number of female filariae and small size of female filariae. These results show that the Major Histocompatibility Complex only modulates the developmental pattern of filariae within the limits imposed by background genes. Male CBA/HN and C3H/HeN were more susceptible to infection than female mice. Inverse phenomenon was observed with strains BALB/c; and, no host sex effect was seen in DBA/D2N.
Enzymatic epoxidation of polybutadiene (1998)

A. W. P. Jarvie, Chem. Commun., 1998, 177 DOI: 10.1039/A707168J
On implementation of the extended interior penalty function (1976)

Abstract The extended interior penalty function formulation is implemented. A rational method for determining the transition between the interior and extended parts is set forth. The formulation includes a straightforward method for avoiding design points with some negative components, which are physically meaningless in structural analysis. The technique, when extended to problems involving parametric constraints, can facilitate closed form integration of the penalty terms over the most important parts of the parameter interval. The method lends itself well to the use of approximation concepts, such as design variable linking, constraint deletion and Taylor series expansions of response quantities in terms of design variables. Examples demonstrating the algorithm, in the context of planar orthogonal frames subjected to ground motion, are included.
Cycloalkanone Peroxides. I. Preparation of “Cyclohexanone Peroxide” by Oxidation of Cyclohexanol (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCycloalkanone Peroxides. I. Preparation of "Cyclohexanone Peroxide" by Oxidation of CyclohexanolNorthrop Brown, Martval J. Hartig, Milton J. Roedel, Arthur W. Anderson, and Carl E. SchweitzerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 7, 1756–1759Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01612a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01612a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views557Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Heat-labile enterotoxin can be released from Escherichia coli cells by host intestinal factors (1991)

The heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) of Escherichia coli is localized in the periplasm of the bacterial cell. Growth of an LT-producing strain of E. coli in the presence of bile salts, in concentrations within the range found in the human small intestine, caused leakage of LT into the culture medium. This leakage could be augmented by the presence in the medium of trypsin and by minimizing the concentration of free iron.
Optimization of position finding step of PCM-oMaRS algorithm with statistical information (2016)

The PCM- oMaRS algorithm guarantees the maximal reduction steps of the computation of the exact median in distributed datasets and proved that we can compute the exact median effectively with reduction of blocking time and without needing the usage of recursive or iterative methods anymore. This algorithm provided more efficient execution not only in distributed datasets even in local datasets with enormous data. We cannot reduce the steps of PCM- oMaRS algorithm any more but we have found an idea to optimize one step of it. The most important step of this algorithm is the step in which the position of exact median will be determinate. For this step we have development a strategy to achieve more efficiency in determination of position of exact median. Our aim in this paper to maximize the best cases of our algorithm and this was achieved through dividing the calculation of number of all value that smaller than or equal to temporary median in tow groups. The first one contains only the values that smaller than the temporary median and the second group contains the values that equal to the temporary median. In this dividing we achieve other best cases of PCM- oMaRS algorithm and reducing the number of values that are required to compute the exact median. The complexity cost of this algorithm will be discussed more in this article. In addition some statistical information depending on our implementation tests of this algorithm will be given in this paper.
Medical Record Privacy and Security in a Digital Environment (2008)

Quality healthcare increasingly means addressing the security, privacy, and confidentiality of medical records in both wire-line and wireless environments. This article attempts to address these concerns by presenting a comparison of data-flow patterns in an electronic healthcare setting to those in traditional medical offices and demonstrating cost-effective ways that IT consultants can help healthcare providers working in EHRs maintain and administer their own privacy and security policies.
Algae Bioassay Detection of Pesticide Mobility in Soils (1971)

Movement of pesticides on soil thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) plates was detected by a bioassay employing a green alga, Chlorella sorokiniana Shihira and Krauss. After leaching the soil TLC plates with water, a Chlorella suspension in an enriched agar medium was aspirated onto the soil to give ca. 8 × 10 6 cells/cm 2 . Plates were incubated at 100% relative humidity at 30 C, with illumination of ca. 40 klux. Zones of pesticide movement were visible within 24 to 48 hr. Mobility in Hagerstown silty clay loam was assessed for two methylcarbamate insecticides and for nine phenylurea, 11 s -triazine, and 13 miscellaneous herbicides. Among analogous triazines, the mobility order was: -OCH 3 > -Cl > -SCH 3 . Movement of 6,7-dihydrodipyrido[1,2- a :2′,1′- c ]pyrazinediium ion (diquat) and 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion (paraquat), normally immobile in soils, was directly proportional to rate when applied in high doses.
New trends in peptide-based anti-biofilm strategies: a review of recent achievements and bioinformatic approaches (2012)

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have a broad spectrum of activity and unspecific mechanisms of action. Therefore, they are seen as valid alternatives to overcome clinically relevant biofilms and reduce the chance of acquired resistance. This paper reviews AMPs and anti-biofilm AMP-based strategies and discusses ongoing and future work. Recent studies report successful AMP-based prophylactic and therapeutic strategies, several databases catalogue AMP information and analysis tools, and novel bioinformatics tools are supporting AMP discovery and design. However, most AMP studies are performed with planktonic cultures, and most studies on sessile cells test AMPs on growing rather than mature biofilms. Promising preliminary synergistic studies have to be consubstantiated and the study of functionalized coatings with AMPs must be further explored. Standardized operating protocols, to enforce the repeatability and reproducibility of AMP anti-biofilm tests, and automated means of screening and processing the ever-expanding literature are still missing.