gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Saturation of the NSLS DUV-FEL at BNL (2004)

The Deep Ultra Violet Free Electron Laser (DUV-FEL) experiment has reached a milestone by saturating the Free Electron Laser using High Gain Harmonic Generation (HGHG) method in the Source Development Laboratory (SDL) at NSLS. It utilizes the 10 m long, 3.9 cm period NISUS wiggler. The goal of the project is to produce radiation at a wavelength less than 100 nm, utilizing the HGHG method. HGHG at 266 nm has been accomplished by seeding with the 800 nm Ti:Sapphire laser and observed saturation. The third harmonic at 88 nm accompanying the 266 nm is being used in an ion pair imaging experiment in chemistry. We discuss the measurement of energy, gain, spectrum, and pulse length of the FEL output. We also describe the diagnostics used for operating the FEL.
A higher-order Hele-Shaw approximation with application to gas flows through shallow micro-channels (2009)

The classic hydrodynamic Hele-Shaw problem is revisited in the context of evaluating the viscous resistance to low-Mach compressible viscous gas flows through shallow non-uniform micro-fluidic configurations. Our recent study of gas flows through constricted shallow micro-channels indicates that the failure of the standard Hele-Shaw approximation to satisfy the no-slip boundary condition at the sidewalls severely restricts its applicability. To overcome this we have extended the asymptotic scheme to incorporate an inner solution in the vicinity of the sidewalls (which, in turn, allows for the characterization of the effects of channel cross-section geometry) and its matching to an outer correction. We have compared the results of the present asymptotic analysis to existing exact analytic and numerical results for straight and uniform channels and to finite-element simulations for a 90° turn and a symmetric T-junction, which demonstrate a remarkably improved accuracy relative to the standard Hele-Shaw approximation. This suggests the present scheme as a viable alternative for the rapid performance estimate of micro-fluidic devices.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Ethynyltriphenylphosphonium Salts with Phosphonium Ylides. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Elucidating the Cathodic Electrodeposition Mechanism of Lead/Lead Oxide Formation in Nitrate Solutions (2017)

The production of crystalline lead oxide (PbO) structures, directly on the surface of an electrode in (nitrate) solution, via electrochemical deposition of lead ions (Pb2+), is unequivocally demonstrated and the formation mechanism elucidated. Boron doped diamond electrodes are used as the deposition platform. We show the effect of electrode potential, deposition time, presence of oxygen, and temperature on the formation process. At room temperature, under both deoxygenated and aerated conditions, high-resolution microscopy reveals a predominant nanoparticle (NP) morphology. In contrast, under laser-heated conditions, both NPs and half-hexagon shaped “plates” result. Transmission electron microscopy reveals these “plates” to be crystalline β-PbO. Plate prominence, under heated conditions, increases as the driving potential and deposition time is increased. By deoxygenating the solution and applying a deposition potential such that hydroxide ion (OH–) formation is negligible, only NPs are observed, which, from cyclic voltammetry data, are confirmed to be elemental Pb. We thus propose that Pb NPs and OH– play a crucial role in the PbO formation process. Electrodeposited Pb NPs catalyze OH– generation from either oxygen or nitrate reduction (oxygen reduction occurs at a less negative applied potential than nitrate reduction) driving the formation of lead hydroxide (Pb(OH)2) via a precipitation route. The Pb(OH)2 subsequently dehydrates to PbO, a process significantly accelerated by temperature. Hence, by controlling temperature, potential, and solution conditions, cathodic electrodeposition of Pb2+ can lead to the preferential formation of PbO crystalline structures on the electrode surface.
Characterization of Immunoglobulin A Antibody in Serum of Swine Inoculated with Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (1980)

Sera and contents of the small intestine from swine inoculated with transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus were examined for immunoglobulin (Ig) A antibody responses by the radioimmunoprecipitation test with antiporcine IgA serum. When swine were orally inoculated with virulent virus, IgA antibody activity was detected in the contents of the small intestine and in serum from postinoculation days 7 to 56. However, IgA antibody activity was not detected in the contents of the small intestine or serum in swine inoculated IM with attenuated virus. The Ig class of serum of swine inoculated with TGE virus was examined by gel filtration chromatography. When swine were orally inoculated with virulent virus, neutralizing antibody was always detected from both fractions of IgA and IgG Neutralizing antibody ws detected only from the IgG fraction in the serum of swine inoculated IM with attenuated virus. The molecular size of serum IgA antibody was determined by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The titer of this antibody was the highest at a position between 10.9S- and 7S-marker protein. The antibody consisted almost exclusively of dimers. It appeared that serum IgA antibody always originated from the lymphoid tissue of the intestinal tract. This antibody was regarded as an indicator of active immunity of TGE virus.
A 155-GHz monolithic low-noise amplifier (1998)

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and test results of a three-stage 155-GHz monolithic low-noise amplifier (LNA) fabricated with the 0.1-/spl mu/m pseudomorphic (PM) InAlAs-InGaAs-InP HEMT technology. With this amplifier in a test fixture, a small-signal gain of 12 dB was measured at 155 GHz, and more than 10-dB gain from 151 to 156 GHz. When the amplifier was biased for a low noise figure (NF), an NF of 5.1 dB with an associated gain of 10.1 dB was achieved at 155 GHz. All the results above are referred to the monolithic millimetre-wave integrated circuit (MIMIC) chip with the input and output waveguide-to-microstrip line transition losses corrected.
A selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, NS-398, enhances the effect of radiation in vitro and in vivo preferentially on the cells that express cyclooxygenase-2. (2001)

It has been proposed that Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors may be able to enhance the effects of chemotherapeutic or radiation treatment; however, currently few studies have been reported that define the radiation-enhancing effect of COX-2 inhibitors. We conducted in vitro radiation survival experiments using rat intestinal epithelial cells which were stably transfected with COX-2 cDNA in the sense (RIE-S) and antisense (RIE-AS) orientations to investigate the potential radiosensitizing effect of the selective COX-2 inhibitor, NS-398. Apoptosis was measured using 7-aminoactinomycin-D with flow cytometry to investigate underlying mechanisms for the effect of NS-398 on radiosensitivity. The same experiments were repeated with NCI-H460 human lung cancer cells, which express COX-2 constitutively, and HCT-116 human colon cancer cells, which lack COX-2 expression. In vivo tumor growth delay assays were also performed with tumors formed by H460 and HCT-116 cells. No difference was observed in the intrinsic radiation sensitivity of RIE-S and RIE-AS cells exposed to radiation alone. However, 150-400 microM of NS-398 enhanced radiosensitivity in a concentration-dependent manner in RIE-S cells with dose enhancement ratios of 1.2-1.9 at a surviving fraction of 0.25. However, this effect was not shown in RIE-AS cells. NS-398 enhanced radiosensitivity in H460 cells with a dose enhancement ratio of 1.8 but protected HCT-116 cells from the effects of radiation. Radiation-induced apoptosis was enhanced by NS-398 in RIE-S and H460 cells but not in RIE-AS and HCT-116 cells. Additionally, this radiation-enhancing effect in RIE-S cells seemed to be attributable to some mechanisms other than the reversal of radioresistance induced by COX-2. NS-398 (36 mg/kg) enhanced the effect of radiation on H460 tumors in vivo by an enhancement factor of 2.5; however, it did not enhance the radiosensitivity of HCT-116 tumors (enhancement factor = 1.04). These in vitro and in vivo results suggest that selective COX-2 inhibitors enhance the effect of radiation on tumors that express COX-2 but not on COX-2-lacking tumors. This effect may be attributable to enhancement of radiation-induced apoptosis. Thus, selective COX-2 inhibitors may have potential as radiosensitizers for treatment of human cancers.
Flooding scenarios due to land subsidence and sea‐level rise: a case study for Lipari Island (Italy) (2016)

Abstract Archaeological and instrumental data indicate that the southern sector of the volcanic island of Lipari has been subsiding for the last 2100 years due to isostatic and tectonic factors, at variable rates of up to ~11 mm a −1 . Based on this data, a detailed marine flooding scenario for 2100 AD is provided for the bay of Marina Lunga in the eastern part of the island from (1) an ultra‐high‐resolution Digital Terrain and Marine Model ( DTMM ) generated from multibeam bathymetry ( MB ) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ( UAV ), (2) the rate of land subsidence from Global Positioning System ( GPS ) data and (3) the regional sea‐level projections of the International Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ). When land subsidence is considered, the upper bound of sea‐level rise is estimated at 1.36 m and 1.60 m for RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 climate change scenarios, respectively. Here, we show the expected impact of marine flooding at Lipari for the next 85 years and discuss the hazard implications for the population living along the shore.
Are syngeneic mouse tumor models still valuable experimental models in the field of anti-cancer drug discovery? (2005)

To establish the pharmacological profile of a molecule with anti-cancer potential, it seems essential to add an in vivo approach to the first pharmacological experiments carried out in vitro. The present study aims to characterize the degree of sensitivity of seven syngeneic models (two leukemias and five solid tumors) to eleven molecules which have proven to be clinically reliable. We also used some of these models to investigate whether the molecular effects on the extent of growth in a subcutaneously grafted experimental model correlate with the effects of the same drug on the survival of the animals so grafted. Our data show that all the molecules demonstrated significant anti-tumor activities in two mouse leukemia models (with some discrepancies between the two). Two lymphoma models displayed weaker chemosensitivity profiles than the two leukemia models from which they were developed. Two other models, namely the MXT-HS mammary carcinoma and the B16 melanoma, appeared to be rather chemoresistant. However, a direct relationship was evident between the drug-induced decrease in the tumor growth rate and the increase observed in the survival periods of the MXT tumor-bearing mice. This relationship was also observed in the L1210_LYM lymphoma, though to a lesser extent, and was completely absent from the B16 melanoma model. Finally, our data indicated that we had developed a pair of metastasizing, as opposed to non-metastasizing, lymphoma and mammary carcinoma models. In conclusion, the present study shows that syngeneic mouse tumor models can be used as valuable in vivo experimental models for the screening of potential anti-cancer agents.
A preliminary investigation of wall effects on pressure-inflammability limits of propane-air mixtures (1950)

SUMMARY A preliminary investigation was made of the wall effects on the pressure-inflammability limits for flame propagation in propane-air mixtures. Pressure limits were experimentally determined for: (1) quiescent mixtures in glass tubes of different diameters (51, 38, 32, 25, and 18 mm); and (2) turbulent mixtures in a glass tube of 51-millimeter diameter containing a rotor. The pressure-inflammability limits depended directly on the rela-tive tube-wall area, as expressed by the surface-volume ratio. The minimum pressure for flame propagation increased with diminishing tube diameter (greater relative wall area) and with turbulence of a type that effectively increased the wall area. INTRODUCTION The limiting pressures for combustion of homogeneous gas mixtures, measured under static conditions in glass tubes, are of the order of 30 millimeters of mercury or less. The altitude operational limits of turbojet engines, on the other hand, occur at combustion-chamber pres-sures corresponding to pressures much higher than 30 millimeters of mercury. This penalty on the engine combustion process is evidently due to the differences in the engine and static-tube test conditions, such as the effects of gas-stream velocity and turbulence, geometrical con-figuration, the atomization, vaporization,, and mixing of the liquid fuels. In order to assess the magnitude of the effects of geometrical configuration and one type of turbulence on the pressure-inflammability limits, additional conditions were imposed on the static-tube type of experiment. In one case, pressure limits were determined, for quiescent mixtures in tubes of different diameters; in the other case, limits
Separation and sensitive assay of THC in biological fluids by HPLC and GLC. (1976)

HPLC systems were developed to permit quantitative separation of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol from many of the heptane extractable lipoidal and other endogenous substances in biological fluids. These substances interfered with the quantification by flame ionization GLC of unmodified compound and by electron capture GLC of pentafluorobenzoylated compound. Reverse phase HPLC elution, with 47% acetonitrile in water, and normal phase HPLC with 25% chloroform in heptane, separated tetrahydrocannabinol from 11-hydroxy-delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and other monohydroxylated tetrahydrocannabinols. These systems also purified stock solutions of tetrahydrocannabinol from accompanying contaminants. The various monohydroxylated tetrahydrocannabinols were resolved from each other in normal phase, 80% chloroform in heptane. The delta8 and delta9-tetrahydrocannabinols were separable in normal phase with 5% tetrahydrofuran in hexane. The GLC analysis of pentafluorobenzoylated tetrahydrocannabinol had a sensitivity of 1 ng/ml of plasma with an estimated 5% standard error of an assay with the extraction and GLC procedures given herein. Radiochemical analysis of the HPLC separated fraction had s sensitivity of 0.2 ng/ml of plasma with an estimated 2% standard error of an assay. There was no significant difference between the liquid scintillation and electron capture GLC assays of the HPLC separated delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol obtained from the plasma of dogs administered the drug. Radiolabelled compounds can be added to plasma samples as internal standards to determine the recovery efficiencies of the several procedures in the analysis of unlabelled tetrahydrocannabinol.
Simulation of a transient torque response for engine performance in a spark ignition engine (2001)

In the present study, a mean torque predictive model has been proposed and experimentally validated. It includes an inducted air mass model, a fuel delivery model and a mean torque production model. The inducted air mass model and fuel delivery model, considering the dynamic behaviours of air induction and fuel delivery, were proposed to predict the air-fuel ratio excursions under transient conditions. The mean torque production model reflects thermal efficiency, volumetric efficiency, friction and the effect of spark timing. In the spark timing model, knock limit and acceleration retardation are considered. Experiments were carried out to validate the simulation model for step changes of the throttle at constant engine speed. The results show reasonable agreements between simulation and experiment at fully warmed conditions. Using this model, fuelling strategies were varied with open fast throttle while air-fuel ratio excursion and indicated mean effective pressure were predicted.
Domains II and III of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab toxin remain exposed to the solvent after insertion of part of domain I into the membrane. (2012)

VOLUME 286 (2011) PAGES 19109–19117 PAGE 19111: An error has been detected in the methodology description of “Insertion of Cry1Ab Mutant Toxin into the BBMV.” The samples used in Western blot assays were not boiled. Instead, they were incubated for 5 min at 37 °C before loading into 10% SDS-PAGE. A new supplemental Fig. S1 is presented. Download .pdf (.48 MB) Help with pdf files
Modeling of ultra super critical power plants integrated with the chilled ammonia process (2011)

Abstract As carbon dioxide anthropogenic generation and climate change appear to be correlated, carbon capture becomes necessary, in particular if applied to coal-fired power plants. The Chilled Ammonia Process (CAP) is a promising technology to be proved for the purpose. This work investigates the integration of Ultra Super Critical (USC) power plants with CAP, conducting a parametric investigation on the design parameters to find the optimum and analyzing then on the details of the power block. The commercial code Aspen Plus and the in-house research code GS are employed. With respect to a reference plant, carbon capture reduces the net electrical power by 19% and the net electrical efficiency by 8.5 percent points. The performance index SPECCA is also utilized. The optimum SPECCA is 3.18 MJ/kg CO 2 , which is to be compared to 4.2 MJ/kg CO 2 for conventional amine.
Endophytic Colonization of <i>Vitis vinifera</i> L. by Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium <i>Burkholderia</i> sp. Strain PsJN (2005)

Patterns of colonization of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Chardonnay plantlets by a plant growth-promoting bacterium, Burkholderia sp. strain PsJN, were studied under gnotobiotic conditions. Wild-type strain PsJN and genetically engineered derivatives of this strain tagged with gfp (PsJN::gfp2x) or gusA (PsJN::gusA11) genes were used to enumerate and visualize tissue colonization. The rhizospheres of 4- to 5-week-old plantlets with five developed leaves were inoculated with bacterial suspensions. Epiphytic and endophytic colonization patterns were then monitored by dilution plating assays and microscopic observation of organ sections. Bacteria were chronologically detected first on root surfaces, then in root internal tissues, and finally in the fifth internode and the tissues of the fifth leaf. Analysis of the PsJN colonization patterns showed that this strain colonizes grapevine root surfaces, as well as cell walls and the whole surface of some rhizodermal cells. Cells were also abundant at lateral root emergence sites and root tips. Furthermore, cell wall-degrading endoglucanase and endopolygalacturonase secreted by PsJN explained how the bacterium gains entry into root internal tissues. Host defense reactions were observed in the exodermis and in several cortical cell layers. Bacteria were not observed on stem and leaf surfaces but were found in xylem vessels of the fifth internode and the fifth leaf of plantlets. Moreover, bacteria were more abundant in the fifth leaf than in the fifth internode and were found in substomatal chambers. Thus, it seems that Burkholderia sp. strain PsJN induces a local host defense reaction and systemically spreads to aerial parts through the transpiration stream.
CHICAGO MEDICAL SOCIETY. (1885)

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Urolithins Display both Antioxidant and Pro-oxidant Activities Depending on Assay System and Conditions (2013)

The biological effects of polyphenolic ellagitannins are mediated by their intestinal metabolites, urolithins. This study investigated redox properties of urolithins A and B using ORAC assay, three cell-based assays, copper-initiated pro-oxidant activity (CIPA) assay, and cyclic voltammetry. Urolithins were strong antioxidants in the ORAC assay, but mostly pro-oxidants in cell-based assays, although urolithin A was an antioxidant in cell culture medium. Parent compound ellagic acid was a strong extracellular antioxidant, but showed no response in the intracellular assay. The CIPA assay confirmed the pro-oxidant activity of ellagitannin metabolites. In the cell proliferation assay, urolithins but not ellagic acid decreased growth and metabolism of HepG2 liver cells. In cyclic voltammetry, the oxidation of urolithin A was partly reversible, but that of urolithin B was irreversible. These results illustrate how strongly measured redox properties depend on the employed assay system and conditions and emphasize the importance of studying pro-oxidant and antioxidant activities in parallel.
DNA Interaction and Dimerization of Eukaryotic SMC Hinge Domains (2004)

The eukaryotic SMC1/SMC3 heterodimer is essential for sister chromatid cohesion and acts in DNA repair and recombination. Dimerization depends on the central hinge domain present in all SMC proteins, which is flanked at each side by extended coiled-coil regions that terminate in specific globular domains. Here we report on DNA interactions of the eukaryotic, heterodimeric SMC1/SMC3 hinge regions, using the two known isoforms, SMC1alpha/SMC3 and the meiotic SMC1beta/SMC3. Both dimers bind DNA with a preference for double-stranded DNA and DNA rich in potential secondary structures. Both dimers form large protein-DNA networks and promote reannealing of complementary DNA strands. DNA binding but not dimerization depends on approximately 20 amino acids of transitional sequence into the coiled-coil region. Replacement of three highly conserved glycine residues, thought to be required for dimerization, in one of the two hinge domains still allows formation of a stable dimer, but if two hinge domains are mutated dimerization fails. Single-mutant dimers bind DNA, but hinge monomers do not. Together, we show that eukaryotic hinge dimerization does not require conserved glycines in both hinge domains, that only the transition into the coiled-coil region rather than the entire coiled-coil region is necessary for DNA binding, and that dimerization is required but not sufficient for DNA binding of the eukaryotic hinge heterodimer.