gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Harmfulness of Blowholes in PTH Soldered Assemblies (1990)

One family of defects in soldered electronic assemblies that is almost invariably re‐worked is that due to outgassing, manifested as visible blowholes and solder blow‐out. It is known that re‐working can be very detrimental to the service life of an electronic assembly and should be avoided whenever possible. This paper describes work aimed to determine whether outgassing faults such as blowholes are harmful to service performance or whether more harm will be done by re‐working such faults. Standard test plated‐through‐hole (PTH) assemblies with controlled degrees of outgassing faults have been subjected to mechanical testing, thermal shock testing, mechanical fatigue, low cycle thermal fatigue and corrosion testing. Measurements in all these régimes have been carried out quantitatively with baseline controls. No evidence of significant loss of solder joint performance has been found, even for severe cases of solder loss. On the contrary, in cyclic fatigue testing, solder fillets with outgassing faults exhibit statistically significant performance enhancement. The conspicuous nature of blowholing and solder blow‐out undoubtedly over‐emphasises the problem during visual quality control inspection. Provided the copper barrel has been wet by the solder, outgassing faults should not be re‐worked. These faults should be used as process indicators and to draw attention to processes and the need for process control.
Fast and non-catalytic growth of transparent and conductive graphene-like carbon films on glass at low temperature (2013)

This article presents the synthesis and systematic study of graphene-like carbon thin films directly grown on commercial glass by using remote electron cyclotron resonance plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition. The fabrication process is extremely rapid and performed on 2 inch scale dielectric substrate at relatively low temperature (<550 °C) without using metal catalyst. This method avoids damaging and expensive transfer processes of graphene based films and improves compatibility with current fabrication technologies. Nanostructural characterization by transmission electron microscopy indicates the formation of layered graphene-like carbon material. Raman spectroscopy shows that the film consists of nanocrystals with a mean domain size close to 2 nm, probably interconnected by amorphous material. These graphene-like carbon based films are transparent and conductive. Functional optoelectric characterization of these films confirms their high transparency over 95% and relative high conductivity around 5 kΩ, exceeding the properties of non-doped small domain graphene based films grown at low temperatures reported so far. © 2014 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 2004: Editorial (2004)

Aus dem Inhalt:Neue BeitrÃ¤ge Francesco C. Billari and Dimiter Philipov, WomenÂs education and entry into a first union: A simultaneous-hazard comparative analysis of Central and Eastern Europe; Norman Braun and Henriette Engelhardt, Diffusion Processes and Event History Analysis; Gudrun Exner, Rudolf Goldscheid (1870-1931) and the Economy of Human Beings: a new point of view on the decline of fertility in the time of the first demographic transition; Tomas Frejka and Jean-Paul Sardon, Fertility in Austria: Past, Present and the Near Future; Hans-Peter Kohler and Jose Antonio Ortega, Old Insights and New Approaches: Fertility Analysis and Tempo Adjustment in the Age-Parity Model; Ralf Kronberger, Welche Bedeutung hat eine alternde BevÃ¶lkerung fÃ¼r das Ã¶sterreichische Steueraufkommen?; Wolfgang Loibl, Simulation of suburban migration: driving forces, socio-economic classes, migration behaviour, and resulting land use patterns; Alexia Prskawetz, Jiang Leiwen, and Brian C. O'Neill, Demographic composition and projections of car use in Austria; Peter Schimany and Katja Zigova, Attitudes to Policy on Ageing. Results of the Population Policy Acceptance Survey in Austria; Vegard Skirbekk, Age and Individual Productivity: A Literature Survey, Martin Spielauer, Intergenerational Educational Transmission within Families: Analysis and Microsimulation Projection for Austria; Maria Winkler-Dworak, Food Security, Fertility Differentials and Land Degradation in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Dynamic Framework; Reprints Gunnar Andersson, Children's experience of family disruption and family formation: Evidence from 16 FFS countries; Wolfgang Lutz, Brian C. O'Neill, and Sergei Scherbov, Europe's Population at a Turning Point
Symbolic-interval cooperation in constraint programming (2001)

This paper surveys the field of cooperative constraint solving for a constraint programming perspective with an emphasis on combinations of symbolic and interval methods. On the one hand, symbolic methods provide adapted representations of the constraint expressions. On the other hand, interval methods compute verified enclosures of solution sets. Using cooperation of solvers, one can take advantage of both techniques in a unified framework: symbolic algorithms generally need to be combined with root extraction methods, and the efficiency of interval algorithms strongly depends on constraint expressions.
DNA elution and amplification by polymerase chain reaction from dried blood spots. (1992)

A quick, sensitive and easily automatizable method for PCR amplification of genomic DNA eluted from dried blood spots is described. DNA is eluted from a 3-mm spot routinely used for neonatal screening of inherited diseases either by boiling or by sonication. A preliminary and brief spot-autoclaving step is mandatory to ensure optimal and reproducible PCR amplifications. Only 1% of the eluted DNA is required for PCR analysis allowing the execution of multiple genetic tests on the same blood spot. The method has been successfully applied to the detection of a known phenylketonuria-causing mutation and will facilitate the analysis of the genetic repository provided by Guthrie's cards stored in neonatal screening laboratories.
Effect of Different Heat Treatments on Mechanical Properties of Laser Sintered Additive Manufactured Parts (2017)

One of the most popular additive manufacturing processes is laser based direct metal laser sintering process which enables us to make complex three dimensional parts directly from CAD models. Due to layer by layer formation, parts built in this process tend to be anisotropic in nature. Suitable heat treatment can reduce this anisotropic behaviour by changing the microstructure. Depending upon the applications, a wide range of mechanical properties can be achieved between 482–621° C temperature for precipitation-hardened stainless steels. In the present study effect of different heat treatment processes, namely solution annealing, ageing and overaging, on tensile strength, hardness and wear properties has been studied in detail. Suitable metallurgical and mechanical characterization techniques have been applied wherever required, to support the experimental observations. Results show H900 condition gives highest yield strength and lowest tensile strain at break whereas solution annealing gives lowest yield strength and as-built condition gives highest tensile strain at break. SEM images show that H900 and H1150 condition produces brittle and ductile morphology respectively which in turn gives highest and lowest hardness value respectively.XRD analysis shows presence of austenite phases which can increase hardness at the cost of ductility. Average wear loss for H900 condition is highest whereas it is lowest for solution annealed condition. Further optical and SEM images have been taken to understand the basic wear mechanism involved.
Extending TLS to secure multihost applications exchanges (2012)

Many security protocols have been developed to handle security problems in various circumstances. However, these protocols are often limited to client/server architectures and cannot answer special application and network's needs such as securing audio/video applications or transactions between several nodes in wireless mesh networks. In this paper, we propose extending the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol to securely exchange data between multiple nodes through a single TLS session and to provide third-party auditing capability. We propose a formal validation of our extension with the EVA language using Hermes.
Antioxidant activity of amino acids bound to trolox‐C (1981)

Abstract Various amino acids, selected for their potential antioxidant activity, were, covalently attached to 6‐hydroxy‐2,5,7,8‐tetramethylchroman‐2‐carboxylic acid (Trolox‐C), a lower homolog of vitamin E that has great antioxidant effectiveness. The resulting Troloxylamino acids (T‐AA) had greater antioxidant effectiveness than Trolox‐C in a linoleate emulsion system oxidized by hemoglobin. Troloxyl‐tryptophan‐methyl ester and Troloxyl‐methionine‐methyl ester were the most effective T‐AA evaluated in the linoleate emulsion. However, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and α‐tocopherol were more antioxidant than any T‐AA in the emulsion system. In a Schaal oven test at 45 C. Trolox‐C was by by far the most effective antioxidant evaluated in corn oil. BHT and Troloxylcysteine had significant antioxidant activity in corn oil, but no other T‐AA was antioxidant in corn oil. In butter oil, Trolox‐C again had the highest antioxidant activity, and BHA and BHT were also highly antioxidant. All t‐AA had antioxidant activity in butter oil, with Troloxyl‐methioninc and Troloxyl‐cysteine having the grcatest antioxidant effectiveness. The T‐AA of highest antioxidant activity were hydrolyzed by chymotrypsin and/or trypsin, in vitro.
TEM Observation of Thin and Thick Tissue Sections and Comparison of Respective Images of the Golgi Structure (1995)

The structure and functional activity of the Golgi complex in cells of the chicken pituitary gland were studied by preparing specimens in plastic sections with a thickness of 70 nm and of 1.0 um. The thin sections were observed with TEM operated at 120 kV while thick sections were observed at 200 kV.  Complimentary information regarding ofthe Golgi complex is obtained when images of thin and thick tissue sections were observed. Images of thin sections show that developing granules are limited to inside the Golgi cisternae while mature granules are free in the cytoplasm. Stereo images of thick sections show that in those cells which are active in synthesis, the Golgi complex extends throughout the cytoplasm, hormonal granules of different sizes are being formed and stored in different parts of Golgi complex. Few granules are free in the cytoplasm, being principal 1 y inside Golgi cisternae. The structural comparsion between stereo images obtained from thin and thick tissue sections is valuable for better interpretation of intracellularorganelle configuration.
Introduction: Noncovalent Interactions (2016)

Introduction to a thematic issue of Chemical Reviews devoted to non-covalent interactions. The contents of the issue are outlined and put into the context of previous thematic collections of reviews of the field. The current issue covers both experiment and theory, and in the latter, it covers a broad range of computational methods ranging from molecular mechanics to the most accurate correlated calculations.
An image retrieval model based on classical logic (1995)

Article Free Access Share on An image retrieval model based on classical logic Author: Carlo Meghini Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Elaborazione dell'Informazione, Via, S. Maria, 46- I-56126 Pisa, Italy Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Elaborazione dell'Informazione, Via, S. Maria, 46- I-56126 Pisa, ItalyView Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGIR '95: Proceedings of the 18th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrievalJuly 1995 Pages 300–308https://doi.org/10.1145/215206.215375Published:01 July 1995Publication History 7citation384DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations7Total Downloads384Last 12 Months10Last 6 weeks3 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Influence of Pain Distribution on Gait Characteristics in Patients With Low Back Pain (2007)

Pain distribution of people with low back problems differentially influences the vertical GRF they experience during walking. When walking at preferred speed, those with referred leg pain seem to use additional strategies besides walking slowly to attenuate the amount of force imposed on their painful leg. When challenged to walk at their fastest speed, people with back pain only walk as fast and withstand comparable amount of force as their pain-free counterparts.
Effects of Age and Nationality on Auditory/Visual Sequential Memory of English and American Children. (1987)

The nature of musical ability has been a focus of attention for a number of years. In order to facilitate learning, those who teach music have been concerned with investigating factors involved with music aptitude from infancy on. Aptitude factors have been hypothesized through the development of talent tests and empirical observations in the music classroom and private studio. Most investigations have suggested that the factor responsible for musical ability and skill that children learn first is melodic or tonal memory (Bower, 1945; Burroughs & Morris, 1962; Drake, 1939; Drexler, 1938; Jersild & Bienstock, 1934; Karlin, 1941, 1942; Seashore, 1938). According to Piagetian thinking, tonal ability develops rapidly from age six to eight (Warrener, 1985) .
Tiled Shading (2011)

Abstract In this article we describe and investigate tiled shading. The tiled techniques, though simple, enable substantial improvements to both deferred and forward shading. Tiled Shading has been previously discussed only in terms of deferred shading (tiled deferred shading). We contribute a more detailed description of the technique, introduce tiled forward shading (a generalization of tiled deferred shading to also apply to forward shading), and a thorough performance evaluation. Tiled Forward Shading has many of the advantages of deferred shading, for example, scene management and light management are decoupled. At the same time, unlike traditional deferred and tiled deferred shading, full screen antialiasing and transparency are trivially supported. We also present a thorough comparison of the performance of tiled deferred, tiled forward, and traditional deferred shading. Our evaluation shows that tiled deferred shading has the least variable worst-case performance, and scales the best with faster GPUs. Tiled deferred shading is especially suitable when there are many light sources. Tiled forward shading is shown to be competitive for scenes with fewer lights, and is much simpler than traditional forward shading techniques. Tiled shading also enables simple transitioning between deferred and forward shading. We demonstrate how this can be used to handle transparent geometry, frequently a problem when using deferred shading. Demo source code is available online at the address provided at the end of this paper.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION IN WORK SETTINGS (1998)

Recent research from 1993 on performance evaluations in work settings is reviewed and integrated with the prior reset and historical bases. Contemporary research reflects several themes: General models of job performance are being developed, the job performance domain is being expanded, research continues to explore the psychometric characteristics of performance ratings, research is developing on potential bias in ratings, rater training is examined, and research continues in terms of efforts to attach utility values to rated performance. We conclude that research is progressing in traditional content areas as well in the exploration of new ground. Researchers are recognizing that job performance is more than just the execution of specific tasks and that it involves a wider array of important organizational activities. There is also an increased optimism regarding the use of supervisory ratings and recognition that such "subjective" appraisal instruments do not automatically translate into rater error or bias.
HIV prevention trial design in an era of effective pre-exposure prophylaxis (2017)

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has demonstrated remarkable effectiveness protecting at-risk individuals from HIV-1 infection. Despite this record of effectiveness, concerns persist about the diminished protective effect observed in women compared with men and the influence of adherence and risk behaviors on effectiveness in targeted subpopulations. Furthermore, the high prophylactic efficacy of the first PrEP agent, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC), presents challenges for demonstrating the efficacy of new candidates. Trials of new agents would typically require use of non-inferiority (NI) designs in which acceptable efficacy for an experimental agent is determined using pre-defined margins based on the efficacy of the proven active comparator (i.e. TDF/FTC) in placebo-controlled trials. Setting NI margins is a critical step in designing registrational studies. Under- or over-estimation of the margin can call into question the utility of the study in the registration package. The dependence on previous placebo-controlled trials introduces the same issues as external/historical controls. These issues will need to be addressed using trial design features such as re-estimated NI margins, enrichment strategies, run-in periods, crossover between study arms, and adaptive re-estimation of sample sizes. These measures and other innovations can help to ensure that new PrEP agents are made available to the public using stringent standards of evidence.
Estimate of minimum measurable voltage in the SEM (1978)

The minimum measurable voltage in the SEM is estimated for a voltage contrast linearization scheme with restricted- and unrestricted-aperture analysers, using approximations for the shapes of the energy distribution curves and assuming that the only significant source of noise is on the collected electrons. A similar estimate is also made for Auger electron voltage measurement schemes. A numerical example shows that the hemispherical retarding-potential analyser system (unrestricted aperture) provides the lowest measurable voltage.
Explained in 60 Seconds: Why is Pluto not a Planet? (2015)

A brief explanation of Pluto's planetary status.
Iminophosphorane-Mediated Annulation of 1,3,5-Triazine to Benzimidazole: Synthesis of 1,3,5-Triazino[1,2-<i>a</i>]benzimidazoles (1992)

A number of 1,3,5-triazino[1,2-a]benzimidazoles 5 and 7 have been prepared by aza-Wittig-type reaction of 2-(triphenylphosphoranylideneamino)benzimidazoles 2 and 6, which were derived from 2-aminobenzimidazoles, with isocyanates under neutral conditions.
Embryogenesis of an insect nervous system:I. A map of the thoracic and abdominal neuroblasts in<i>Locusta migratoria</i> (1976)

Maps of the thoracic and abdominal neuroblasts have been prepared by reconstruction from serial sections of timed Locusta migratoria embryos. The maps are bilaterally symmetrical, periodic and consistent for embryos of the same age, with a fundamental arrangement of 7 rows of 4-10 cells plus 1 median neuroblast per segment. A map of 60 + 1 cells is repeated in each of the three thoracic segments, with an additional median cell developing late at the anterior end of the prothorax. The arrangement in the abdomen is similar, with 56 + 1 cells per segment. Neuroblasts differentiate and subsequently degenerate in an antero-posterior sequence, but construction of the thoracic ganglia involves a delayed degeneration of part of the original set in these segments. The maps show that the neuroblasts are as reliable in their number and arrangement as the adult cells they produce. The number of neuroblasts used in constructing the relatively complex thoracic ganglia is similar to that which produces the simpler abdominal ganglia. Some motorneurons have the same parent neuroblast. The maps are intended as a first step in an analysis of the relation between the progeny of different neuroblasts and the family of neurons which each neuroblast produces.
Synthetic polyampholytes. 2. Sequence distribution in methacrylic acid-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate copolymers by carbon-13-NMR spectroscopy (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic polyampholytes. 2. Sequence distribution in methacrylic acid-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate copolymers by carbon-13-NMR spectroscopyLiliane Merle and Yves MerleCite this: Macromolecules 1982, 15, 2, 360–366Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00230a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00230a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views199Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Proteomic analysis of human plasma: Failure of centrifugal ultrafiltration to remove albumin and other high molecular weight proteins (2001)

Determination of specific low abundance proteins, usually by radiolabelled or enzyme-linked immunoassays in serum or plasma is widely used in diagnostic medicine. Substitution of these assays by a proteomic approach has been suggested, but this methodology has far from realised its potential as a diagnostic tool. The main protein fractions of plasma represent more than 80% of total protein, making the hundreds or even thousands of other proteins difficult to detect by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). Thus, loading sufficient sample to detect trace proteins invariably means excessive loading of albumin and other high abundance proteins. The aim of this study was to determine whether centrifugal ultrafiltration of whole plasma could be used to eliminate proteins exceeding a desired molecular weight cut-off. Cellulose filters with a 30 kDa molecular weight cut-off were used with whole plasma, and total protein was determined before and after ultrafiltration. Samples were processed by routine methods for 2-DE using 18 cm, pH 3-10 isoelectric focusing strips for the first dimension and 7-15% gradient gels for the second dimension followed by silver staining. Gel analysis of the retentate fraction (> 30 kDa) revealed a typical 2-DE plasma profile with most of the major landmark proteins in place and as expected, the gels lacked many of the smaller (< 30 kDa) proteins. Comparison with gels of the filtrate fraction (> 30 kDa) revealed very little difference. Not only were many of the higher molecular weight proteins still present, but some of the smaller < 30 kDa landmark proteins were absent. Overall, gels of both the retentate and filtrate fractions were less informative than gels of whole plasma.