gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phospholamban-mediated stimulation of Ca2+ uptake in sarcoplasmic reticulum from normal and failing hearts. (1990)

Studies in animal models have suggested that alterations affecting phospholamban-mediated stimulation of Ca2+ uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum are involved in the pathophysiology of heart disease. A monoclonal antibody that binds to phospholamban and stimulates Ca2+ uptake was used to characterize phospholamban-mediated effects in human cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum and to compare these effects in tissue from normal and failing hearts. Stimulation of Ca2+ uptake by anti-phospholamban monoclonal antibody simulated the effect of phosphorylation of phospholamban by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Binding of anti-phospholamban antibody reduced the K0.5 of the Ca2(+)-transporting ATPase from 0.53 microM [( Ca2+]) to 0.29 microM [( Ca2+]), without affecting Vmax or nHill. At 0.2 microM Ca2+, stimulation was 1.93-fold in sarcoplasmic reticulum prepared from normal human left ventricular myocardium and 1.94-fold in sarcoplasmic reticulum prepared from the left ventricular myocardium of patients with heart failure resulting from idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Stimulation of Ca2+ uptake in canine cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum under identical conditions was 1.89-fold. Phospholamban-mediated stimulation of Ca2+ uptake in human cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum is thus comparable in magnitude to that observed in other species and results from an increase in the apparent affinity of the Ca2(+)-transporting ATPase for Ca2+. The pathogenesis of heart failure in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy does not, however, appear to involve intrinsic alterations of this mechanism.
Das magnetische Feld (1998)

ZusammenfassungDie von Eisenerzen und Eisenteilen ausgehenden Kraftwirkungen waren bereits im Altertum bekannt. Die Griechen bezeichneten sie nach der Stadt Magnesia in Kleinasien als Magnete. In China ist die Wechselwirkung mit dem grossen Magneten Erde entdeckt worden. Der Magnetismus wurde als äusserst rätselhaft empfunden und gab bis ins 18. Jahrhundert zu den seltsamsten Spekulationen Anlass. Mit der Entdeckung des Zusammenhangs von Magnetismus und elektrischem Strom 1819 durch OERSTED1 begann die physikalisch-wissenschaftliche Behandlung magnetischer Erscheinungen.
Growth, Livability, and Feed Conversion of 1957 vs 1991 Broilers When Fed “Typical” 1957 and 1991 Broiler Diets (1994)

The relative contributions of genetic selection and dietary regimen on the performance of broilers was assessed. Body weight, feed consumption, mortality (M), and the degree of tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) were measured in the 1957 Athens-Canadian Randombred Control (ACRBC) strain of broilers and in the 1991 Arbor Acres (AA) feather-sexable strain when fed "typical" 1957 and 1991 diets. Energy and protein levels, vitamin and mineral packs, and the coccidiostats used in the two dietary regimens were chosen to be representative of those in use by the industry for the two time periods. Eight treatment groups, i.e., two strains, two sexes, and two dietary regimens, were assigned into four blocks of eight litter floor pens for grow out. The 1957 diets were fed as mash, and the 1991 starter and grower diets were fed as crumbles and pellets, respectively. Feed consumption and BW were recorded at 21, 42, 56, 70, and 84 d of age, a period covering the normal marketing ages for the two broilers. Mortality and the cause of death was recorded daily. The incidence and severity of TD was assessed using a Lixiscope at 42 d of age. Average BW were 190, 508, 790, 1,087, and 1,400 g for the ACRBC on the 1957 diets vs 700, 2,132, 3,108, 3,812, and 4,498 g for the AA on the 1991 diets at 21, 42, 56, 70, and 84 d of age, respectively. The 1991 diets increased the BW of the AA by an average of 14% (20% at 42 d, but only 8% at 84 d) and of the ACRBC by 22%. The BW advantage for the 1991 diet over the 1957 diet for the AA was less for males than for females after 42 d of age, and the advantage decreased with age, probably due to the increasing incidence of leg problems. The M for AA was 9.1% vs 3.3% for the ACRBC at 42 d. Most of the ACRBC M occurred before 21 d, whereas M occurred throughout for the AA, with most after 21 d due to flip-overs and ascites. The feed conversion at 42 d for the ACRBC on the 1957 diet was 3.00 vs 2.04 for the AA on the 1991 diet. The AA on the 1991 diet had a 48.6% incidence of TD vs 25.6% on the 1957 diet. The ACRBC had approximately 1.2% TD on both diets. The TD was more severe with the 1991 diet.
Cell Wall-Related Proteins of Unknown Function: Missing Links in Plant Cell Wall Development (2014)

Lignocellulosic biomass is an important feedstock for the pulp and paper industry as well as emerging biofuel and biomaterial industries. However, the recalcitrance of the secondary cell wall to chemical or enzymatic degradation remains a major hurdle for efficient extraction of economically important biopolymers such as cellulose. It has been estimated that approximately 10-15% of about 27,000 protein-coding genes in the Arabidopsis genome are dedicated to cell wall development; however, only about 130 Arabidopsis genes thus far have experimental evidence validating cell wall function. While many genes have been implicated through co-expression analysis with known genes, a large number are broadly classified as proteins of unknown function (PUFs). Recently the functionality of some of these unknown proteins in cell wall development has been revealed using reverse genetic approaches. Given the large number of cell wall-related PUFs, how do we approach and subsequently prioritize the investigation of such unknown genes that may be essential to or influence plant cell wall development and structure? Here, we address the aforementioned question in two parts; we first identify the different kinds of PUFs based on known and predicted features such as protein domains. Knowledge of inherent features of PUFs may allow for functional inference and a concomitant link to biological context. Secondly, we discuss omics-based technologies and approaches that are helping identify and prioritize cell wall-related PUFs by functional association. In this way, hypothesis-driven experiments can be designed for functional elucidation of many proteins that remain missing links in our understanding of plant cell wall biosynthesis.
Familial and sporadic schizophrenia (1989)

The importance of genetic factors in schizophrenia is clear but the mechanism involved remains obscure. Etiological heterogeneity may be responsible. Recently there has been interest in a putative distinction between genetic and environmental forms of the illness based on a positive or negative family history of the disorder. Those with a positive family history are classified as 'familial' and are considered to be more likely to have the genetic form of the illness. Those with a negative family history are classified as 'sporadic' and considered more likely to have an environmental form of the illness. This paper reports the results of a Monte Carlo simulation study with varying rates of misclassification to determine the statistical power of comparisons between familial and sporadic groups. For a large sample (n = 175) statistical power was moderate to good for effect sizes greater than or equal to 1.0 standard deviation unit and positive predictive value of 0.3 or greater.
False‐Negative Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Head and Neck Melanoma (2011)

False-negative SLNB is more likely to occur when a single sentinel lymph node is harvested. There is significant treatment delay in patients with false-negative SLNB. False-negative SLNB is associated with poor outcome in patients with melanoma of the head and neck.
Ultrafast InGaAs/InGaAlAs multiple-quantum-well electro-absorption modulator for wavelength conversion at high bit rates (2004)

We report on InGaAs/InGaAlAs electro-absorption modulators for ultrafast all-optical signal processing. The structure design is based on the use of small conduction and valence band offsets. Switching windows as short as 5 ps for a 2 V applied reverse bias have been obtained by cross-absorption modulation.
AMTEC radioisotope power system for the Pluto Express mission (1995)

The Alkali Metal Thermal to Electric Converter (AMTEC) technology has made substantial advances in the last 3 years through design improvements and technical innovations. In 1993 programs began to produce an AMTEC cell specifically for the NASA Pluto Express Mission. A set of efficiency goals was established for this series of cells to be developed. According to this plan, cell {number_sign}8 would be 17% efficient but was actually 18% efficient. Achieving this goal, as well as design advances that allow the cell to be compact, has resulted in pushing the cell from an unexciting 2 W/kg and 2% efficiency to very attractive 40 W/kg and 18% measured efficiency. This paper will describe the design and predict the performance of a radioisotope powered AMTEC system for the Pluto Express mission.
Réviser la définition de la recherche-développement à la lumière des spécificités des services (2001)

International audience
Glove Permeation by Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether Acetate — A Photoresist Solvent Used in Semiconductor Device Processing (1992)

Abstract Propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA) has been introduced as a replacement solvent for ethylene glycol ethers and ether acetates in photoresist formulations used in semiconductor processing. While PGMEA does not exhibit the adverse reproductive health effects found with the structurally related ethylene glycol derivatives, it is nevertheless readily absorbed through the skin, and proper protection against dermal absorption is warranted. This article describes the results of permeation tests of several glove materials commonly used in semiconductor fabrication facilities when challenged with PGMEA. Glove permeation was tested at 25 and 37°C according to the ASTM F739-85 permeation test method. The effects of repeated exposure and postexposure thermal decontamination on permeation resistance were also examined for one type of glove. Of the gloves tested, those composed of butyl rubber afforded the highest level of protection against PGMEA, with no breakthrough being observed after more than 4 hours of continuous exposure at 25°C. Nitrile rubber gloves also provided good protection against initial exposure (breakthrough time > 2.4 hr at 25°C). Gloves composed of natural rubber or blends of natural rubber with other polymers provided significantly less protection (breakthrough times < 22 min at 25°C). Increasing the exposure temperature from 25 to 37°C did not affect the performance of the butyl rubber gloves. For the other gloves, however, decreases in breakthrough times by factors of 2 to 3 and increases in steady-state permeation rates by factors of 2 to 4 were observed. Repeated exposure of nitrile rubber samples indicated that the PGMEA is retained in, and diffuses through, the gloves long after exposure has ceased. Following an initial exposure for about one-half the nominal breakthrough time and air drying overnight at room temperature, vapors of PGMEA at concentrations greater than the breakthrough-time detection limit were detected permeating through glove samples. Much higher steady-state permeation rates were measured for the previously exposed samples as well. Heating previously exposed nitrile rubber samples at 70 or 100°C for 24 hours prior to retesting failed to restore the initial permeation resistance.
Expression of different glucansucrases in potato tubers: implications for starch biosynthesis (2005)

This thesis describes the production of dextran (polymers with -(1→6)-linked glucosyl residues), mutan (polymers with -(1→3)-linked glucosyl residues) and alternan (polymers with alternating -(1→3)/ -(1→6)-linked glucosyl residues) in potato tubers. Modifications of the physicochemical properties of potato starch were  investigated as well as the possibilities to introduce novel linkage types in starch. The most pronounced alterations at the tuber and starch levels were obtained in the mutan-accumulating potato plants. The tuber phenotype exhibited brownish regions, granule morphology was dramatically affected and the expression level of the sucrose-regulated AGPase and GBSSI genes was down-regulated. Furthermore, the starches showed more pronounced retrogradation after gelatinization, and had a 1.7-fold higher viscosity after cooling than untransformed starches. In general, introduction of novel linkage types in starch was not evidenced. More research is needed to investigate the possibilities of engineering a second generation of glucansucrases with improved capacities to introduce novel linkage types in starch.
Fuel Film Evaporation and Heat Transfer in the Intake Port of an S.I. Engine (1996)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Surface heat transfer measurements have been taken in the intake port of a single cylinder four valve SI engine running on isooctane fuel. The objective has been to establish how fuel characteristics affect trends in surface heat transfer rates for a range of engine operating conditions. The heat transfer measurements were made using heat flux gauges bonded to the intake port surface in the region where highest rates of fuel deposition occur. The influence on heat transfer rates of the deposited fuel and its subsequent behaviour has been examined by comparing fuel-wetted and dry-surface heat transfer measurements. Heat transfer changes are consistent with trends predicted by convective mass transfer over much of the range of surface temperatures from 20°C to 100°C. Towards the upper temperature limit heat transfer reaches a maximum limited by the rate and distribution of fuel deposition. The inferences drawn from the isooctane results are discussed and related to characteristics observed when gasoline is used.</div>
CROSSDOMAIN SEARCHING USING HANDWRITTEN QUERIES (2004)

In this paper, we show how cross­domain approximate string matching can be applied to searching a database of scanned typeset documents using handwritten queries without requiring the correction of recognition errors. We present preliminary experimental results that suggest this approach can significantly improve retrieval effectiveness.
Detection of Greedy Individual and Colluding MAC Layer Attackers (2006)

Selfish behavior at the Medium Access (MAC) Layer can have devastating side effects on the performance of wireless networks, with effects similar to those of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. In this paper we consider the problem of detection and prevention of node misbehavior at the MAC layer, focusing on the back-off manipulation by selfish nodes. We propose an algorithm that ensures honest behavior of non-colluding participants. Furthermore, we analyze the problem of colluding selfish nodes, casting the problem within a minimax robust detection framework, providing a detection rule of optimum performance for the worst-case attack. Finally, we compare the effects of colluding attackers with a single attacker in terms of the detection delay. Although our approach is general and can serve as a guideline for the design of any probabilistic distributed MAC protocol, we focus our analysis on the IEEE 802.11 MAC.
ChemInform Abstract: PHEROMONE 7. MITT. SYNTHESE 1‐SUBSTITUIERTER (Z)‐9‐ALKENE (1975)

Abstract Durch Ozonolyse der Olefine (I) unter Verwendung von Triphenylphosphin zur Spaltung der Ozonide werden die Aldehyde (II) erhalten.
A 60 GHz VCO with 6GHz tuning range in 130 nm bulk CMOS (2008)

The IEEE 802.15.3c standards committee is working towards developing a standard that operates in the 57–66GHz range and delivers data rates in the many gigabits per second range for devices communicating over a few meters. A 60 GHz cross-coupled differential voltage controlled oscillator is designed in 130 nm CMOS technology. The tuning range is from 64GHz to 70GHz, with a measured phase noise of −90.7 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset. The oscillator employs fundamental 30 GHz VCO with push-push output followed by buffers
Life in the slip lane: the effect of molecular level friction on algal adhesion (2006)

The settlement and adhesion of iNavicula perminuta/i and iUlva linza/i to methyl-terminated alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of increasing chain length has been investigated. Organisms were allowed to settle onto the monolayers and were subsequently exposed to hydrodynamic shear stress in order to determine their adhesion strength. Results show that as the SAM structure changes from amorphous to crystalline (Csub14/sub), there is a marked change in the adhesion of iN. perminuta/i and iU. linza/i. Given that the SAMs in the series all exhibit similar contact angle behaviour and surface energy, it is hypothesized that the lubricity of the surface plays a role in determining the surface adhesion.
On the Computational Complexity of Combinatorial Problems (1975)

A large class of classical combinatorial problems, including most of the difficult problems in the literature of network flows and computational graph theory, are shown to be equivalent, in the sense that either all or none of them can be solved in polynomial time. Moreover, they are solvable in polynomial time if and only if every problem solvable by a polynomial‐depth backtrack search is also solvable by a polynomial‐time algorithm. The technique of deriving these results through problem transformations is explained, and some comments are made as to the probable effect of these results on research in the field of combinatorial algorithms.
Synthesis and spinning of a thermotropic liquid crystal copolyester containing a semirigid cycloaliphatic spacer (1998)

A thermotropic, liquid crystalline copolyester, based on 2-chlorohydroquinone, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol and terephthaloyl chloride, has been synthesized and melt spun. The cyclohexanedimethylene moiety acts as a semirigid spacer, introducing flexibility while preserving the thermotropic nature of the polymer. Melt-spun fibers were observed to have a high degree of molecular alignment owing to the nematic nature of the melt. Both polymer and fiber properties have been characterized. Characterization techniques used to this end include elemental analysis, hot-stage polarized light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, dilute solution viscometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 1473–1480, 1998
Induction of apoptosis through reactive oxygen species mediated inhibition of topoisomerase II by plumbagin from Drosera (2007)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been recognized as key molecules, which can selectively modify proteins and therefore regulate cellular signalling including apoptosis. Plumbagin, a naphthoquinone present in the Drosera genus, is known to generate ROS and has been found to inhibit the activity of topoisomerase II (Topo II) through the stabilization of the Topo II-DNA cleavable complex. The objective of this research was to clarify the role of ROS and Topo II inhibition in the induction of apoptosis mediated by plumbagin. As determined by the comet assay, plumbagin induced DNA cleavage in HL-60 cells, whereas in a cell line with reduced Topo II activity (HL-60/MX2), the level of DNA damage was significantly decreased. The onset of DNA strand break formation in HL-60 cells was delayed in comparison with the generation of intracellular ROS. In HL-60/MX2 cells, ROS were generated at a similar rate, whereas a significant reduction in the level of DNA damage was detected. The pretreatment of cells with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) attenuated plumbagin-induced DNA damage, pointing out to the involvement of ROS generation in cleavable complex formation. The induction of apoptosis was significantly delayed in HL-60/MX2 cells indicating the involvement of Topo II inhibition in plumbagin-mediated apoptosis. Direct interactions between plumbagin and DNA were excluded based on spectroscopic analysis. Thus, these results suggest that ROS generated by plumbagin at low concentrations (3µM) act as signalling molecules mediating apoptosis through Topo II inactivation rather than through direct DNA damage.
High-flux beam source of fast neutral helium (1978)

A high-flux beam source of fast neutral helium has been constructed by extending the designs of previous authors. The source is a dc or pulsed electric discharge in an expanding gas nozzle. The beam produced has a flux on the order of 10(15) atoms/s sr and a mean velocity on the order of 10(7) cm/s. The composition of the beam has been determined by the use of particle detectors and by the observation of the excitation of certain target gases. An upper bound of 3.7 x 10(-5) has been estimated for the He(2(3)S(1))/He((1)S(0))beam density ratio and a value of 0.2 found for the He(+)/He(1(1)S(0)) beam density ratio.
Dynamic constraint weighting in the context of articulatory parameter estimation (1997)

This paper describes a cross-validation method to determine the appropriate weight with which dynamic constraints should be applied when estimating vocal tract shapes from speech. This data-dependent method can estimate the weighting without the need for separate prior knowledge of the source and noise statistics. The principles are first demonstrated on a simple onedimensional system analogous to speech production. As the data here is synthetic, the statistics are known, and so the success of the method can be objectively assessed. Next, the same principles are extended to real speech to improve the estimation of vocal tract shape trajectories.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of 1,1′‐Binaphthyl and 2,2′‐Bi‐o‐tolyl‐2,2′‐bis(oxazoline)s and Preliminary Use for the Catalytic Asymmetric Allylic Oxidation of Cyclohexene. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.