gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxicity of Rabbit Blood for <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> (1971)

Our studies reveal that normal rabbit blood contains a potent bactericidin active against Listeria monocytogenes. The factor is present in greatest amounts in fresh undiluted serum but is absent in platelet extracts. A correlation was observed between the virulence of Listeria strains and their relative ability to survive in serum. The bactericidal titers obtained for plasma and plasma serum indicate that clotting must occur for optimum expression of antilisterial activity. The lethal action is not elevated after immunization with viable Listeria nor does it appear to depend on heat-labile components of complement. The active factor was removed from serum by filtration through a cellulose asbestos filter pad and further purified by carboxymethyl cellulose chromatography. Iron significantly diminishes serum lethality and completely abolishes the action of the purified component. The listericidal factor resembles beta-lysin but may be a distinct part of a multiple system of similar bactericidins.
Trichothecene mycotoxin interconversions: partial syntheses of calonectrin and deoxynivalenol, and of a trichothecene epi-epoxide, 3α,4β,15-triacetoxy-12, 13-epi-epoxytrichothec-9-ene (1989)

The partial syntheses of two trichothecenes, calonectrin (1)(4β,15-diacetoxy-12, 13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene) and deoxynivalenol (2)(3α,7α,15-trihydroxy-12, 13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene), from a readily available trichothecene, anguidine (3)(4β,15-diacetoxy-3α-hydroxy-12, 13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene) are described. In addition, and in order to provide further insight into the mode of action of the trichothecene mycotoxins, 3α,4β,15-triacetoxy-12, 13-epi-epoxytrichothec-9-ene (31), of the first semisynthetic trichothecene epi-epoxides, has been prepared and its X-ray crystal structure determined. In significant contrast to its natural isomer (10), epi-epoxide (31) proved to be biologically inactive.
Characterization and Utilization of Ocean Quahog ( <i>Arctica islandica</i> ) Clam Juice as a Liquid and Dehydrated Flavoring Agent (1983)

ABSTRACT Ocean quahog ( Arctica islandica ) juice produced from mechanical shucking operations was vacuum evaporated, freeze‐dried, or spray‐dried for use as a natural clam flavoring agent. The flavorings were judged‘equal or superior to several commercially available flavors when used in prepared dishes. Gas chromatographic profiles indicated high volatile concentrations in the effluent from the heat shocking and first washing process. Almost no volatiles were present in successive washings. The use of dextrins was not required since the natural chloride salts of potassium and sodium aided in obtaining powders of acceptable quality.
Magnetic plasmon resonance (2006)

It is demonstrated that metallic horseshoe-shaped (also referred to as u-shaped) nanostructures can exhibit a magnetic resonance in the optical spectral range. This magnetic plasmon resonance is distinct from the purely geometric LC resonance occurring in perfectly conducting split rings because the plasmonic nature of the metal plays the dominant role. Similarly to the electrical surface plasmon resonance, the magnetic plasmon resonance is determined primarily by the metal properties and nanostructure geometry rather than by the ratio of the wavelength and the structure's size. Magnetic plasmon resonance occurs in nanostructures much smaller in size than the optical wavelength. Electromagnetic properties of periodically assembled horseshoe-shaped nanostructures are investigated, and the close proximity of the electrical and magnetic plasmon resonances is exploited in designing a negative index metamaterial. Close to the magnetic plasmon resonance frequency both magnetic permeability mu and electric permittivity epsilon can become negative, paving the way for the development of subwavelength negative index materials in the optical range.
Role of contact heterogeneities on macroscopic elastic properties of granular media (2010)

Granular dynamics simulations help to quantify the effect of microscopic contact heterogeneities on the macroscopic elastic properties of granular media. The simulation creates frictional granular packs which show the existence of heterogeneities in coordination number (number of contacts/grain) and contact overlap. These heterogeneities result in force imbalance which is mostly ignored in effective medium theories (EMTs). Elastic properties computed after the relaxation or equilibration of unbalanced forces are lower than those at unrelaxed states and are much closer to laboratory measurements than existing theoretical predictions (specially for shear moduli). We discuss the evolution of heterogeneities and the resulting relaxation with pressure and find them to be the most critical factors ignored in existing EMTs. Moreover, the elastic property calculations in our simulations use infinite friction at the contacts and hence suggest that tweaking friction is not necessarily the right approach for a “refined” EMT. We also present pressure‐ dependent corrections due to relaxations which can be used with existing EMT to reasonably predict elastic properties.
Capitation reimbursement for pediatric primary care. (1986)

A feasibility analysis of capitation reimbursement for a primarily Medicaid population in The Johns Hopkins Pediatric Primary Care Clinic was conducted. The utilization of all inpatient and outpatient care of 2,261 patients was monitored for a 6-month period. As a result, per capita rates based on charges were determined for each group of patients according to type of insurance. Blue Cross and private insurance patients had capitation rates three times that of the Medicaid patients and over ten times that of self-pay patients This variation in utilization was attributed to the selection of enrollees, the morbidity of the population, and the varying services covered by payor group. Administrative issues regarding establishing a pediatric health maintenance organization are also discussed. Close supervision of house staff in treating patients, including admissions, length of stay, and specialty referral is of utmost importance in containing costs in this clinic setting.
Involvement of nitric oxide in the non‐adrenergic non‐cholinergic neurotransmission of horse deep penile arteries: role of charybdotoxin‐sensitive K<sup>+</sup>‐channels (1995)

1. The involvement of nitric oxide (NO) and the signal transduction mechanisms mediating neurogenic relaxations were investigated in deep intracavernous penile arteries with an internal lumen diameter of 600-900 microns, isolated from the corpus cavernosum of young horses. 2. The presence of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-positive nerves was examined in cross and longitudinal sections of isolated penile arteries processed for NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry. NADPH-d-positive nerve fibres were observed in the adventitia-media junction of deep penile arteries and in relation to the trabecular smooth muscle. 3. Electrical field stimulation (EFS) evoked frequency-dependent relaxations of both endothelium-intact and denuded arterial preparations treated with guanethidine (10(-5) M) and atropine (10(-7) M), and contracted with 10(-6) M phenylephrine. These EFS-induced relaxations were tetrodotoxin-sensitive indicating their non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) neurogenic origin. 4. EFS-evoked relaxations were abolished at the lowest frequency (0.5-2 Hz) and attenuated at higher frequencies (4-32 Hz) by the NOS inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG, 3 x 10(-3) M). This inhibitory effect was antagonized by the NO precursor, L-arginine (3 x 10(-3) M). NG-nitro-D-arginine (10(-4) M) did not affect the relaxations to EFS. 5. Incubation with either the NO scavenger, oxyhaemoglobin (10(-5) M), or methylene blue (10(-5) M), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase activation by NO, caused significant inhibitions of the EFS-evoked relaxations, and while oxyhaemoglobin abolished the relaxations to exogenously added NO (acidified sodium nitrite, 10(-6) - 10(-3) M), there still persisted a relaxation to NO of 24.4 +/- 5.1% (n = 6) in the presence of methylene blue. 6. Glibenclamide (3 x 10(-6) M), an inhibitor of ATP-activated K(+)-channels, did not alter the relaxations to either EFS-stimulation or NO, while the blocker of Ca(2+)-activated K(+)-channels, charybdotoxin (3 x 10(-8) M), caused a significant inhibition of both the electrically-induced relaxations and the relaxations to exogenously added NO. Furthermore, charybdotoxin blocked relaxations induced by the cell permeable analogue of cyclic GMP, 8-bromo cyclic GMP (8 Br-cyclic GMP). 7. These results suggest that relaxations of horse deep penile arteries induced by NANC nerve stimulation involve mainly NO or a NO-like substance from nitrergic nerves. NO would stimulate the accumulation of cyclic GMP followed by increases in the open probability of Ca(2+)-activated K(+)-channels and hyperpolarization leading to relaxation of horse penile arteries.
The cancer prevention and control research network. (2005)

The Cancer Prevention and Control Research Network is a national network recently established to focus on developing new interventions and disseminating and translating proven interventions into practice to reduce cancer burden and disparities, especially among minority and medically underserved populations. Jointly funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Cancer Institute, the Cancer Prevention and Control Research Network consists of sites administered through Prevention Research Centers funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The five sites are located in Kentucky, Massachusetts, South Carolina, Texas, Washington State, and West Virginia. The Cancer Prevention and Control Research Network's intervention areas include primary prevention of cancer through healthy eating, physical activity, sun avoidance, tobacco control, and early detection of cancer through screening. The Cancer Prevention and Control Research Network uses the methods of community-based participatory research and seeks to build on the cancer-relevant systematic reviews of the Guide to Community Preventive Services. Initial foci for the Cancer Prevention and Control Research Network's research work groups include projects to increase screening for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers; to promote informed decision making for prostate cancer screening; and to validate educational materials developed for low-literacy populations.
TβRIII Expression in Human Breast Cancer Stroma and the Role of Soluble TβRIII in Breast Cancer Associated Fibroblasts (2016)

The TGF-β pathway plays a major role in tumor progression through regulation of epithelial and stromal cell signaling. Dysfunction of the pathway can lead to carcinoma progression and metastasis. To gain insight into the stromal role of the TGF-β pathway in breast cancer, we performed laser capture microdissection (LCM) from breast cancer patients and reduction mammoplasty patients. Microdissected tumor stroma and normal breast stroma were examined for gene expression. Expression of the TGF-β type III receptor (<i>TGFBR3</i>) was greatly decreased in the tumor stroma compared to control healthy breast tissue. These results demonstrated a 44-fold decrease in <i>TGFBR3</i> mRNA in tumor stroma in comparison to control tissue. We investigated publicly available databases, and have identified that <i>TGFBR3</i> mRNA levels are decreased in tumor stroma. We next investigated fibroblast cell lines derived from cancerous and normal breast tissue and found that in addition to mRNA levels, TβRIII protein levels were significantly reduced. Having previously identified that cancer-associated fibroblasts secrete greater levels of tumor promoting cytokines, we investigated the consequences of soluble-TβRIII (sTβRIII) on fibroblasts. Fibroblast conditioned medium was analyzed for 102 human secreted cytokines and distinct changes in response to sTβRIII were observed. Next, we used the fibroblast-conditioned medium to stimulate human monocyte cell line THP-1. These results indicate a distinct transcriptional response depending on sTβRIII treatment and whether it was derived from normal or cancerous breast tissue. We conclude that the effect of TβRIII has distinct roles not only in cancer-associated fibroblasts but that sTβRIII has distinct paracrine functions in the tumor microenvironment.
Road Surface Monitoring Using Smartphone Sensors: A Review (2018)

Road surface monitoring is a key factor to providing smooth and safe road infrastructure to road users. The key to road surface condition monitoring is to detect road surface anomalies, such as potholes, cracks, and bumps, which affect driving comfort and on-road safety. Road surface anomaly detection is a widely studied problem. Recently, smartphone-based sensing has become increasingly popular with the increased amount of available embedded smartphone sensors. Using smartphones to detect road surface anomalies could change the way government agencies monitor and plan for road maintenance. However, current smartphone sensors operate at a low frequency, and undersampled sensor signals cause low detection accuracy. In this study, current approaches for using smartphones for road surface anomaly detection are reviewed and compared. In addition, further opportunities for research using smartphones in road surface anomaly detection are highlighted.
Design considerations for a range image sensor containing a PSD-array and an on-chip multiplexer (2002)

In the present paper we introduce a range image sensor, the PSD-chip, designed for sheet of light range imaging. The image sensor consists of an array of 128 Position Sensitive Detector (PSD)-strips with a 20 mm length and a 28 /spl mu/m pitch. Design considerations for the image sensor are discussed, as well as the on-chip electronics. The on-chip electronics consists of an analog part and a digital part. The analog preamplifiers deal with the low-pass filtering of the sensor-signals in order to reduce the noise bandwidth. The digital part consists of an analog current multiplexer, implemented in ECL technology. Our goal is to achieve a 2 MHz range/frequency at 12 bits resolution.
Probing the functional role of the N-terminal region of cystatins by equilibrium and kinetic studies of the binding of Gly-11 variants of recombinant human cystatin C to target proteinases (1995)

The interaction between cystatin C variants, in which the evolutionarily conserved Gly-11 residue was substituted by Ala, Glu or Trp, and the cysteine proteinases, papain, ficin, actinidin and cathepsin B, was characterized. The substitutions reduced the affinity of binding in a manner consistent with the Gly residue of the wild-type inhibitor, allowing the N-terminal region to adopt a conformation that was optimal for interaction with target proteinases. Replacement of Gly-11 by Ala resulted in only a 5- to 100-fold reduction in binding affinity. Comparison with the affinities of wild-type cystatin C lacking the N-terminal region indicated that even this small structural change affects the conformation of this region sufficiently to largely abolish its interaction with the weakly binding proteinases, actinidin and cathepsin B. However, the substitution allows interactions of appreciable strength between the N-terminal region and the tightly binding enzymes, papain or ficin. Replacement of Gly-11 with the larger Glu and Trp residues substantially decreased the affinity of binding to all enzymes, from 10(3)- to 10(5)-fold. These substitutions further affect the conformation of the N-terminal region, so that interactions of this region with papain and ficin are also essentially eliminated. The decreased affinities of the three cystatin C variants for papain, ficin and actinidin were due exclusively to increased dissociation rate constants. In contrast, the decreased affinity between cathepsin B and the Ala-11 variant, the only one for which rate constants could be determined with this enzyme, was due almost entirely to a decreased association rate constant. This behaviour is analogous to that observed for forms of cystatin C lacking the N-terminal region and supports the conclusion that the mode of interaction of this region with target proteinases varies with the enzyme as a result of structural differences in the active-site region of the latter.
Photoreaktion von Biacetyl mit 1,3‐Dioxol‐Derivaten: Modifizierung des Mechanismus der Photoreaktion von Carbonylverbindungen mit elektronenreichen Olefinen (1984)

Das Ausmaß des Ladungstransfers (CT) bei Photoreaktionen von Biacetyl 1 mit Dioxolen 2 bestimmt den Reaktionsverlauf: Bei geringem CT‐Anteil (z. B. R = H) überwiegt die Addition, bei hohem (z. B. R = Me) die Reduktion. Die letztgenannten Systeme dissoziieren in polaren Lösungsmitteln zu freien Radikalionen (ESR‐Nachweis). magnified image
The Reaction of Sulfonyl Isocyanates with Vinyl Ethers (1963)

Sulfonyl isocyanates (I) [I] 1, e.g. p-toluenesulfonyl isocyanate, react very rapidly and quantitatively with vinyl ethers giving N-substituted 4-alkoxyacetidin-2-ones (2) or N-substituted β-alkoxyacrylamides (3).
Multimode nonlinear fiber optics, a spatiotemporal avenue (2019)

We provide a perspective overview of the emerging field of nonlinear optics in multimode optical fibers. These fibers enable new methods for the ultrafast light-activated control of temporal, spatial, and spectral degrees of freedom of intense, pulsed beams of light, for a range of different technological applications.
Impact of Alcaligin Siderophore Utilization on In Vivo Growth of <i>Bordetella pertussis</i> (2007)

Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of human whooping cough, or pertussis, is an obligate human pathogen with diverse high-affinity transport systems for the assimilation of iron, a biometal that is essential for growth. Under iron starvation stress conditions, B. pertussis produces the siderophore alcaligin. The alcaligin siderophore gene cluster, consisting of the alcABCDERS and fauA genes, encodes activities required for alcaligin biosynthesis, the export of the siderophore from the cell, the uptake of the ferric alcaligin complex across the outer membrane, and the transcriptional activation of alcaligin system genes by an autogenous mechanism involving alcaligin sensing. The fauA gene encodes a 79-kDa TonB-dependent outer membrane receptor protein required for the uptake and utilization of ferric alcaligin as an iron source. In this study, using mixed-infection competition experiments in a mouse respiratory model, inactivation of the B. pertussis ferric alcaligin receptor protein was found to have a profound impact on in vivo growth and survival of a fauA mutant compared with a coinfecting wild-type strain. The attenuating effect of fauA inactivation was evident early in the course of the infection, suggesting that the contribution of ferric alcaligin transport to the ecological fitness of B. pertussis may be important for adaptation to iron-restricted host conditions that exist at the initial stages of infection. Alcaligin-mediated iron acquisition by B. pertussis may be critical for successful host colonization and establishment of infection.
Global Placement for Quantum-dot Cellular Automata Based Circuits (2003)

Quantum Cellular Automata (QCA) has been proposed as an alternative architecture to CMOS and in principle should permit the implementation of ultra lower-power, nano-scale logic circuitry working at teraflop frequency. QCA is based on a new paradigm for encoding binary logic into electronic circuitry, where binary 1s and 0s are mapped to spatial configurations of electrons rather than magnitudes of electronic currents. The layout rules for QCA based circuits are radically different from those of CMOS based circuits, and design automation tools for QCA circuit layout are hard to find. This paper discusses the first automatic global placement algorithm for QCA-based circuits. We divide the QCA global placement process into zone partitioning and zone placement, and identify the constraints and objectives that are unique to QCA-based circuits as opposed to the conventional CMOS VLSI. 1.
<b>The Nature of the Electrophilic Deuterium Exchange Reaction of Decaborane with Deuterium Chloride</b> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Nature of the Electrophilic Deuterium Exchange Reaction of Decaborane with Deuterium ChlorideJohn A. Dupont and M. Frederick. HawthorneCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 10, 1804–1808Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1962https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00869a006RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views74Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (614 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Multilevel vertical-channel SONOS nonvolatile memory on SOI (2002)

A first multilevel vertical-channel silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (MLVC-SONOS) memory cell is proposed and fabricated using 0.12-μm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) standard logic process for Flash memory cell with ultrahigh density. If NAND array structure is used, the unit cell size of MLVC-SONOS is 4F <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Further reduction of cell size is possible by using the multilevel concept which is originated from the steady states by two carrier transports from both the substrate and the gate. The program threshold voltages and their windows are uniform and controllable depending on the negative gate bias conditions. In addition, we propose a new endurance measurement method for multilevels and report the retention characteristics for multilevel memory operation.
Ventricular Aneurysm Following Myocardial Infarction (1959)

COOLEY, DENTON A. M.D.; HENLY, WALTER S. M.D.; AMAD, KAMEL H. M.D.; CHAPMAN, DON W. M.D. Author Information
Enumerating Stem Cell Frequency: Neural Colony Forming Cell Assay (2013)

Recent reports have highlighted several parameters of the neurosphere culture or assay system which render it unreliable as a quantitative in vitro assay for measuring neural stem cell (NSC) frequency. The single-step semi-solid based assay, the Neural Colony Forming Cell (NCFC) assay is an assay which was developed to overcome some of the limitations of the neurospheres assay in terms of accurately measuring NSC numbers. The NCFC assay allows the discrimination between NSCs and progenitors by the size of colonies they produce (i.e. their proliferative potential). The NCFC assay and other improved tissue culture tools offer further advances in the promising application of NSCs for therapeutic use.