gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Revisionism and Re-Visioning (2004)

Editorial| August 01 2004 Revisionism and Re-Visioning Ann Marie Plane Ann Marie Plane University of California, Santa Barbara Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The Public Historian (2004) 26 (3): 5–6. https://doi.org/10.1525/tph.2004.26.3.5 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Ann Marie Plane; Revisionism and Re-Visioning. The Public Historian 1 August 2004; 26 (3): 5–6. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/tph.2004.26.3.5 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Public Historian Search This content is only available via PDF. ©2004 by the Regents of the University of California and the National Council on Public History. All rights reserved. Please direct all requests for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press's Rights and Permissions website, at www.ucpress.edu/journals/rights.htm You do not currently have access to this content.
Vacuum cooling for the fruit and vegetable industry (2005)

Purpose of review: Thi s review focuses on the state-of-the-art of vacuum cooling in the fruit and vegetable industry, with the o bjective of highlighting areas that require further research. Findings : R ecently, there has been renewed research interest into vacuum cooling. Research on the vacuum cooling process for fru its and vegetables can be divided into three subcategories: optimisation of vacuum cooling, product quality and mathematical m odelling of the process. There has been some research into the optimisation of the vacuum cooling process to minimise mass lo ss as well as to determine the peak refrigeration loads. Although th e bulk of the research papers focus on the effects of vacuu m cooling on product quality, several unanswere d questions remain. Additionally, only recently have articles on mathematical m odelling of the vacuum cooling process emerged. Directions for future research: Each of the three subcategories mentioned above requires further research. The industry would bene fit from articles on improved engineering, detailing the optimal design of each of the components of a vacuum cooler; wh ich may help to reduce capital costs and increase energy efficiency. There are also several areas of product quality that need furth er exploration. One of these is the effect of the vacuum o n plant tissue, and how this affects the keeping quality of the pr oduct .
Rheological Hybrid Effect and its Conditions in Filled Polymer Melts (2009)

Abstract In contrast to usually increased viscosity of filled polymer melts with increasing filler content, some filled polymer melts showed decreased melt viscosity in the presence of thermotropic (main chain) liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) with increasing filler content. This phenomenon was termed as rheological hybrid effect and found correlated well with the fibrillation of LCP melt droplets. Investigation of this LCP fibrillation in matrix polymers, with fillers of various shapes at micro‐ and nano‐meter scales, showed that LCP fibrillation was promoted by the filler addition, depending upon thermodynamic and hydrodynamic driving forces involved.
Surface Chromium on Chromate Treated Tin Plate (1970)

The surface chromium composition of tin plate treated cathodically in sodium dichromate solution was analyzed by three methods: (a) alkali stripping, (b) acid stripping, and (c) treatment with bromine methanol solution. It is suggested that the surface chromium insoluble in alkali is anhydrous chromic oxide, while that soluble in alkali is hydrated chromic oxide. The potential time curves from galvanostatic anodic treatment of tin plate cannot be interpreted in the simplistic manner commonly accepted for tin‐free steels with a chromium‐chromium oxide coating.
Optical Engineering of Modal Gain in a III-Nitride Laser with Nanoporous GaN (2016)

By using a novel conductivity-based selective electrochemical etching, we have introduced nanometer-sized pores into GaN to significantly decrease its refractive index while maintaining its crystallinity. Such advantages of nanoporous (NP) GaN can thus overcome the epitaxial (strain) and optical (index) limitations of AlGaN, which has been used as the cladding layers in InGaN laser diodes for two decades. Compared to Al0.1Ga0.9GaN cladding, which has a refractive index contrast (Δn) of 0.04 to GaN, the Δn of NP-GaN to GaN can be engineered to be over 0.4 without inducing any tensile strain. The high Δn not only increases the optical confinement factor (Γ) from lower than 3% in the state-of-the-art (SOTA) InGaN laser diodes to 9% but also offers a broad tunability of the Γ and the modal gain as well. We have observed a clear correlation between the Γ and the modal gain by using the variable stripe length method and have demonstrated an over 100% increase of the modal gain by engineering the Γ of the waveguides. The increase of the Γ also leads to a more than 2-fold reduction of the lasing threshold under optical pumping. A threshold material gain (gth) of 401.1 cm–1, which is more than 50% lower than the threshold of the SOTA LDs (gth > 1000 cm–1), suggests opportunities in lowering the lasing threshold and increasing the efficiencies of future III-nitride laser diodes.
Free Radicals Produced by Ionizing Radiation in Bone and Its Constituents (1971)

SummaryTo study the distribution of free radicals produced by ionizing radiations in bone, the influence of different parameters (Ca/P ratio, crystalline structure, influence of impurities, molecular weight) on the production and stabilization of free radicals in synthetic apatitic crystals and collagens is investigated at room temperature and − 180°K.Whole bone and fractions of different densities were irradiated in air and in vacuum. The yields of the different types of radicals have been studied. We have shown that(1) the nature of the free radicals in the organic phase depends on the density;(2) the yield in apatite-like radicals increases with the density;(3) bone presents an increase of the radiosensitivity of the collagen and of the radioresistance of the mineral phase as compared with its isolated components;(4) toluene produces radicals in unirradiated bone; the nature and the concentration of these radicals depend on the density.Annealing after irradiation in liquid nitrogen has also been studied.Possible identifications of the nature of the free radicals observed are presented.
Interleukin-17 (IL-17)-induced MicroRNA 873 (miR-873) Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Targeting A20 Ubiquitin-editing Enzyme (2014)

Interleukin 17 (IL-17), produced mainly by T helper 17 (Th17) cells, is increasingly recognized as a key regulator in various autoimmune diseases, including human multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Although several microRNAs (miRNAs) with aberrant expression have been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of MS and EAE, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of abnormal miRNA expression in astrocytes upon IL-17 stimulation remain unclear. In the present study, we detected the changes of miRNA expression profiles both in the brain tissue of EAE mice and in cultured mouse primary astrocytes stimulated with IL-17 and identified miR-873 as one of the co-up-regulated miRNAs in vivo and in vitro. The overexpression of miR-873, demonstrated by targeting A20 (TNFα-induced protein 3, TNFAIP3), remarkably reduced the A20 level and promoted NF-κB activation in vivo and in vitro as well as increasing the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (i.e. IL-6, TNF-α, MIP-2, and MCP-1/5). More importantly, silencing the endogenous miR-873 or A20 gene with lentiviral vector of miR-873 sponge (LV-miR-873 sponge) or short hairpin RNA (shRNA) of A20 (LV-A20 shRNA) in vivo significantly lessened or aggravated inflammation and demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) of EAE mice, respectively. Taken together, these findings indicate that miR-873 induced by IL-17 stimulation promotes the production of inflammatory cytokines and aggravates the pathological process of EAE mice through the A20/NF-κB pathway, which provides a new insight into the mechanism of inflammatory damage in MS.
A Miniaturized Dual-Band FSS With Stable Resonance Frequencies of 2.4 GHz/5 GHz for WLAN Applications (2014)

In this letter, we propose an anchor-shaped loop unit-cell structure for compact frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) with dual-bandstop behavior in two wireless local area network (WLAN) frequencies 2.4 and 5.0 GHz. The proposed FSS possesses 230- and 300-MHz bandwidths with insertion loss less than -20 dB around the two central operating frequencies 2.4 and 5.0 GHz, respectively. In addition, the FSS exhibits excellent miniaturization with 0.065 λ × 0.076 λ unit cells, where λ represents the free-space wavelength. Furthermore, the unit-cell structure provides a stable performance for both TE- and TM- polarizations under incident angles 0°-60°. A prototype of the proposed FSS is fabricated and measured. Good agreement between the simulated and measured results is obtained.
Mitochondria do not contain lipid rafts, and lipid rafts do not contain mitochondrial proteins (2009)

Lipid rafts are membrane microdomains involved in many cellular functions, including transduction of cellular signals and cell entry by pathogens. Lipid rafts can be enriched biochemically by extraction in a nonionic detergent at low temperature, followed by floatation on a sucrose density gradient. Previous proteomic studies of such detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs) are in disagreement about the presence of mitochondrial proteins in raft components. Here, we approach the status of mitochondrial proteins in DRM preparations by employing stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture to evaluate the composition of differentially purified subcellular fractions as well as high-resolution linear density gradients. Our data demonstrate that F(1)/F(0) ATPase subunits, voltage-dependent anion selective channels, and other mitochondrial proteins are at best partially copurifying contaminants of raft preparations.
Transfer Annealing in Chromic-Doped Potassium Chromate (1964)

Summary Thermal treatment on chromic ( 51 Cr)-doped potassium Chromate results in the incorporation of 51 Cr activity into the Chromate form. Measurements of the isothermal kinetics of this incorporation give "annealing" curves similar to those obtained in Szilard-Chalmers studies on potassium Chromate. It is concluded that transfer annealing may play an important role in Szilard-Chalmers annealing processes in potassium Chromate.
A new solid-state HVDC circuit breaker topology for offshore wind farms (2014)

This paper presents a new topology for solid-state HVDC circuit breakers which does not require MOV for fault energy absorption. Due to its simple yet robust design, it offers a reliable and cost effective solution for isolating faults in HVDC lines connecting remote generating stations to the grid. Since the proposed design does not contain a mechanical breaker or a metal-oxide varistor (MOV), problems resulting from wear and tear of moving parts, arc faults, and degradation or catastrophic failure of surge arrestors are entirely eliminated. This design has inherently a very fast response and is particularly suitable for voltage source converters that are vulnerable against dc faults. To verify the performance and dependability of the proposed circuit breaker, a computer simulation has been developed to handle faults occurring at a 300 kV submarine transmission line that connects a typical 250 MW offshore wind farm to the grid.
Coccidioidomycosis (1995)

Coccidioidomycosis has been recognized as a distinct disease since 1892 and as a fungal infection since 1900. A recent epidemic of coccidioidomycosis in California1 and the possibility of this infection's occurrence in association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection2 have renewed interest in the disease.The fungus Coccidioides immitis lives in soil (Figure 1). The infectious particle is the arthroconidium (arthrospore). When arthroconidia become airborne, they can establish new sites in the soil. The fungus undergoes an alternative form of development when inhaled by a potential host. In the United States, accidental inhalation of airborne arthroconidia causes an estimated 100,000 . . .
Quantum teleportation using three-particle entanglement (1998)

We investigate the ``teleportation'' of a quantum state using three-particle entanglement to either one of two receivers in such a way that, generally, either one of the two, but only one, can fully reconstruct the quantum state conditioned on the measurement outcome of the other. We furthermore delineate the similarities between this process and a quantum nondemolition measurement.
Post Silicon Clock Tuning System To Mitigate The Impact Of Process Variation On Performance (2023)

Optical shrink for process migration, manufacturing process variation and dynamic voltage control leads to clock skew as well as path delay variation in a manufactured chip. Since such variations are difficult to predict in pre-silicon phase, tunable clock buffers have been used in several microprocessor designs. The buffer delays are tuned to improve maximum operating clock frequency of a design. This however shifts the burden of finding tuning settings for individual clock buffers to the test process. In this project, we describe a process of using tester measurements to determine the settings of the tunable buffers for recovery of performance lost due to process variations. Then we study the impact of positioning of tunable buffers in the clock tree. In course of our study it was observed that the greatest benefit from tunable buffer placement can be derived, when the clock tree is synthesized with future tuning considerations. Accordingly, we present a clock tree synthesis procedure which offers very good mitigation against process variation, as borne out by the results. The results show that without any design intervention, an average improvement of 9% is achieved by our tuning system. However, when the clock tree is synthesized based on static timing information with tuning buffer placement considerations, much larger performance improvement is possible. In one example, performance improved by as much as 18%.
Plagiarism detection using stopword n-grams (2011)

In this paper a novel method for detecting plagiarized passages in document collections is presented. In contrast to previous work in this field that uses content terms to represent documents, the proposed method is based on a small list of stopwords (i.e., very frequent words). We show that stopword n-grams reveal important information for plagiarism detection since they are able to capture syntactic similarities between suspicious and original documents and they can be used to detect the exact plagiarized passage boundaries. Experimental results on a publicly available corpus demonstrate that the performance of the proposed approach is competitive when compared with the best reported results. More importantly, it achieves significantly better results when dealing with difficult plagiarism cases where the plagiarized passages are highly modified and most of the words or phrases have been replaced with synonyms.
Music in the exercise domain: a review and synthesis (Part II) (2011)

Since a 1997 review by Karageorghis and Terry, which highlighted the state of knowledge and methodological weaknesses, the number of studies investigating musical reactivity in relation to exercise has swelled considerably. In this two-part review paper, the development of conceptual approaches and mechanisms underlying the effects of music are explicated (Part I), followed by a critical review and synthesis of empirical work (spread over Parts I and II). Pre-task music has been shown to optimise arousal, facilitate task-relevant imagery and improve performance in simple motoric tasks. During repetitive, endurance-type activities, self-selected, motivational and stimulative music has been shown to enhance affect, reduce ratings of perceived exertion, improve energy efficiency and lead to increased work output. There is evidence to suggest that carefully selected music can promote ergogenic and psychological benefits during high-intensity exercise, although it appears to be ineffective in reducing perceptions of exertion beyond the anaerobic threshold. The effects of music appear to be at their most potent when it is used to accompany self-paced exercise or in externally valid conditions. When selected according to its motivational qualities, the positive impact of music on both psychological state and performance is magnified. Guidelines are provided for future research and exercise practitioners.
Developments in the Application of Dyes to Cellulose Acetate Rayon (1951)

The disperse dyes are likely to remain the principal dyes for acetate rayon, particularly for piece dyeing. The “duosol” dyes are unlikely to supersede them for general purposes, but are likely to increase in importance with expanding use of acetate staple fibre. The azoic dyes, applied by the “concurrent” method, supplement the above groups for specific shade requirements such as fiery scarlets and deep rich wines, and in addition are fast to wet processing. Solvent dyeing as an economic step has achieved some measure of success, chiefly in America, but the application of vat dyes by such techniques still remains a problem which is very much for the expert. For printing acetate rayon goods the disperse dyes, though much used, suffer from inherent processing and fastness defects, and it is desirable to replace them by the “duosol” and acid dyes for normal requirements. Selected vat dyes may also be applied very satisfactorily. The use of swelling agents, e.g. the thiocyanates and water‐soluble polar solvents such as ethyl lactate, offers great scope for prints of improved beauty and fastness, and in certain cases permits elimination of the steaming operation.
XOP: recent developments (1998)

XOP (X-ray OPtics utilities) is a graphical user interface (GUI) to run computer programs that calculate basic information needed by synchrotron radiation beamline scientists and engineers. It can also be used as a front end for specific codes or packages for data analysis and data reduction (XAFS, surface crystallography, etc.). XOP contains a customized database for optical and atomic constants. It has a flexible design and new applications may be added. The capabilities of XOP, including those related to simulations of crystal diffraction profiles and multilayer reflectivities, are summarized. We discuss the most recent developments to be included in XOP version 2.0. A few other examples of typical calculations are: insertion device (undulator and wiggler) spectra and angular distributions, mirror and multilayer reflectivities, and crystal diffraction profiles. The computer programs are executed and the results are analyzed within the GUI, which makes them fast and easy to use. The XOP interface is written in the Interactive Data Language (IDL) from Research Systems Inc., and it runs on the Unix (HP, Sun, Linux, DEC-Alpha, and Silicon Graphics), and on the Windows 95/NT operating systems. It has been built with an IDL license embedded and is available under some limited conditions free of charge from the authors.
Application Of Ghost Proximity Effect Correction Method To Conventional And Nonswelling Negative E-Beam Resists (1986)

The proximity effect in electron-beam lithography can be corrected by the "GHOST" method, in which an additional field exposure with defocused beam at lower dose is used to compensate proximity effect. This technique was applied to CMS-EX(R) and RD-2000N negative resist successfully. Excellent linewidth control was confirmed by an electrical test method. A parameter of development rate ratio was used to characterize the performance of nonswelling negative resist.
A Compact Switched-Capacitor Regulated Charge Pump Power Supply (2006)

A CMOS switched-capacitor reference is combined with a switched-capacitor voltage doubling charge pump to produce a compact regulated 3.2-V power supply from an input that ranges from 1.8 to 3.5 V. It can supply up to 6 mA at minimum input. The switched-capacitor topology uses a single PN junction and could allow for inputs and outputs less than 1 V. The concept of constant frequency charge pump regulation is discussed, as is the theory behind stability, load regulation, and efficiency. Measured results from a 0.5-mum CMOS process are given
Sub 10-nm contact holes with aspect ratio over sixty formed by e-beam resist shrinkage techniques (2007)

E-beam chain scission resist ZEP520A with 400 nm thickness was studied for sub-10 nm contact holes with high aspect ratio formed by CD shrinkage techniques of thermal reflow and SAFIER. CD shrinkage temperatures and repeating times were process parameters to be studied. Design parameters of initial CD of 40-100 nm and line/space ratio of contact hole with 1/3 and >1/20 before shrinkage were also studied. Process window of thermal reflow for the aforementioned initial CDs is 155-165 °C while that of SAFIER is 150-165 °C. There is no shrinkage for both methods for temperatures below 140 °C. CD shrinkage rates of both methods decrease for more than one time of heating. Thermal reflow has a larger CD shrinkage rate than SAFIER. The dependence of shrinkage rate on initial CD size and spatial frequency is not apparent. CD nearly ceases shrinking for further heatings as the CD reaches an ultimate CD size. The ultimate CD for a larger initial CD is also larger. The smallest shrunk CD is found to be 5.8 nm with aspect ratio over sixty for 50 nm initial designed CD. CD uniformity also studied for both processes with 3-sigma smaller than +/-10%. The contact holes shrunk by thermal reflow process generally show funnel-shape profiles while those shrunk by SAFIER process show similar profiles with wider undercut. In summary, the thermal reflow process results in better profile while the SAFIER with slower CD shrinkage rate has a better control on CD and uniformity.
Rigorous Comparative Study of Energy-Integrated Distillation Schemes (1996)

This paper presents results of a rigorous study and comparison of conventional and energy-integrated distillation schemes for the separation of ternary mixtures. The major part of this work is devoted to the design and simulation of the fully thermally coupled distillation column (Petlyuk or Kaibel column) with particular emphasis on the question of the fractional recovery of the middle component in the prefractionator and as a consequence the internal recycle streams. A comparative economic parametric study is carried out for three different distillation schemes: conventional sequences, heat-integrated columns, and the fully thermally coupled distillation column. The heat-integrated columns show the best economic features over the other two schemes except the few cases when the concentration of the middle component in the feed is high and the A/B split is more difficult than the B/C split. In such rare cases the fully thermally coupled distillation column proves to be the cheapest solution. In the cases of sharp separations the heat-integrated scheme is always the most economical solution.