gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crack‐Resistance Curves of Surface Cracks in Alumina (1988)

The resistance of coarse‐grained alumina to stable crack growth, initiated from “naturally’occurring surface flaws, was studied in strength tests with a bend‐bar technique. The surface cracks experienced R‐curve behavior over the first few hundred micrometers; i.e., the applied crack driving force had to be increased with crack extension. Compared to R curves generated from long cracks in standard single‐edge‐notched‐bend specimens, the surface‐crack curves have lower initial values. The possible influence of localized residual stresses, counteracting the applied crack driving force, is discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF SOME METHOXY DERIVATIVES OF 9‐(ALKYLAMINOALKYLAMINO)ACRIDINES (1983)

Abstract Zur Untersuchung der Substituenteneinflüsse auf die F1uoreszenzeigenschaften von Acridinen werden die Titelverbindungen (VIII), wie im Formelschema angegeben, synthetisiert.
Expression and function of CXCL16 in a novel model of gout (2010)

Overall, the results of this study outline the effectiveness of the human-SCID mouse chimera system as a viable animal model of gout, serving to identify the primary function of CXCL16 as a significant mediator of in vivo recruitment of PMNs to gouty SF.
Aggregation state of spin-labeled cecropin AD in solution (1993)

A spin-labeled derivative of the ion channel peptide cecropin AD (Fink et al., 1988) was synthesized and used to investigate its aggregation state in water and in the presence of a helix-promoting solvent. A cysteine was introduced at position 33 and spin-labeled using the methanethiosulfonate spin label. In low ionic strength aqueous solution, the peptide is monomeric, and the ESR spectrum indicates a high degree of segmental flexibility at the nitroxide attachment point, consistent with a predominantly random coil conformation. Upon addition of 5-10% (v/v) hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFP), the peptide is induced to aggregate as evidenced by significant motional restriction of the spin label and spin-spin broadening of the ESR lines. At higher concentrations of HFP, the peptide reverts to a monomeric state but retains its folded conformation. Our data suggest that between 5 and 10% HFP the peptide undergoes two structural transitions. The first transition starts at 5% and is very cooperative. Its dependence on ionic strength, temperature, and pH indicates that it involves the interconversion between a random coil and an ordered state stabilized by interpeptide electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. The second transition, which occurs at 11% v/v HFP, is between the self-associated form and an ordered monomeric form. The analysis of our experimental results demonstrates aggregate formation at 5-10% HFP. This may be relevant to the mechanism of channel formation by cecropins in membranes.
A Theoretical Exploration of the Potential of ICAR ATRP for One‐ and Two‐Pot Synthesis of Well‐Defined Diblock Copolymers (2013)

Abstract Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations are performed to investigate the capability of ICAR ATRP for the synthesis of well‐defined poly(isobornyl acrylate‐ b ‐styrene) block(‐like) copolymers using one‐pot semi‐batch and two‐pot batch procedures. The block copolymer quality is quantified via a block deviation (〈BD〉) value. For 〈BD〉 values lower than 0.30, the quality is defined as good and for well‐chosen polymerization conditions the formation of homopolymer chains upon addition of the second monomer can be suppressed. A better block quality is obtained when isobornyl acrylate is polymerized first. For lower Cu levels a one‐pot semi‐batch procedure allows a much faster ATRP and better control over the polymer properties than a two‐pot batch procedure. magnified image
Intraspecific Variation in Seed Packaging (1990)

Mary F. Willson, Helen J. Michaels, Robert I. Bertin, B. Benner, S. Rice, T. D. Lee, A. P. Hartgerink, Intraspecific Variation in Seed Packaging, The American Midland Naturalist, Vol. 123, No. 1 (Jan., 1990), pp. 179-185
Si−Ge-based Oxynitrides: From Molecules to Solids (2010)

Density functional theory simulations are used to predict ground state crystal structures, electronic properties, and thermodynamic stability of a new class of Si1−xGexN2O oxynitride materials with potential applications as tunable dielectrics. Thermochemical simulations are also used to explore their possible synthetic routes via reactions of ammonia with (a) mixtures of (SiH3)2O and (GeH3)2O, and (b) a single-source heteronuclear analogue SiH3OGeH3. To obtain quantitative values for the above reaction energies we implement a consistent computational methodology to simulate the structural and thermochemical properties of both molecular and solid state reactants and products at finite-temperature. In the case of the well-known (SiH3)2O and (GeH3)2O compounds our calculated molecular structures and vibrational spectra are in excellent agreement with experiment. The hypothetical SiH3OGeH3 molecule is predicted to possess an intermediate molecular structure and energy, with stability differences on the order of 1−2 kcal/mol between SiH3OGeH3 and mixtures of (SiH3)2O/(GeH3)2O. For the solids we predict two new ordered structures: (i) an α-SiGeN2O phase composed of a uniform distribution of SiN3O and GeN3O tetrahedra, and (ii) a “pseudo-lamellar” form β-SiGeN2O in which the SiN3O and GeN3O units occupy alternating layers. The structural, electronic, and thermoelastic properties of the latter are then systematically compared to those of Si2N2O and Ge2N2O. Here again, small energy differences comparable to those in the molecular case are found between the SiGeN2O polytypes and their Si2N2O/Ge2N2O analogues. The enthalpy of formation of α-SiGeN2O, β-SiGeN2O, and a random SiGeN2O alloy are predicted to be comparable, indicating that mixing entropy should favor the disordered solid at high temperatures. Collectively, a remarkable consistency is found for the bond-lengths and bond-angles across molecular and solid-state forms. From an experimental perspective, the recent development of industrial scale synthesis for (SiH3)2O suggests that the Ge-based analogues proposed here might be accessed using similar approaches, opening the door to new chemically compatible Si−Ge−O−N high-k gate materials for high mobility Si−Ge based applications.
Limits to compatibility in poly(x-methylstyrene)/poly(2,6-dimethylphenylene oxide) blends by NMR (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLimits to compatibility in poly(x-methylstyrene)/poly(2,6-dimethylphenylene oxide) blends by NMRL. C. Dickinson, H. Yang, C. W. Chu, R. S. Stein, and J. C. W. ChienCite this: Macromolecules 1987, 20, 8, 1757–1760Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00174a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00174a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views141Altmetric-Citations96LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Abstract 2090: Mutational analysis in circulating tumor cells (CTC):ScreenCell MB Filtration Unit and ICE COLD-PCR (2012)

Abstract The aim of this study was to validate the use of the ScreenCell® MB Filtration Unit for detection of mutations in Circulating Tumor Cells. This device allows physicians to easily isolate any CTCs using a simple blood draw which can be performed at a local doctor's office. This is especially important when trying to analyze CTCs in elderly patient populations and in regions where the large medical centers are far away. Once isolated, the filter containing the CTCs can be sent to a laboratory for DNA isolation and the mutation analysis. Mutational analysis using ICE COLD-PCR can then be performed without the use of expensive or specialized equipment. The mutation was characterized using standard Sanger DNA sequencing with a detection limit of 0.5 - 0.1% mutant sequence in the wild-type background. Results will be presented from a mock experiment where PC9 cells (EGFR exon 19 deletion: p.E746_A750del) or H1975 cells (EGFR exon 21: p.L858R) were spiked into blood and then these mock CTCs were collected on the ScreenCell Molecular Filter Device. Following DNA isolation, the mutations were easily detected at the lowest number of cells spiked in to the blood samples (10 cells). Additional data from CTCs collected from NSCLC patients detected the L858R point mutation, an exon 19 E746_A750del mutation, and an exon 19 E746_S752delinsV. Mutations in these same samples could not be detected in DNA sequencing following standard PCR amplification. These data show that the ScreenCell MB Filtration Unit coupled to mutational analysis using ICE COLD-PCR can be an easy, cost-effective method for collection and analysis of CTCs in patient blood samples. Moreover, the device is simple enough to be used in any doctor's office. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2090. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2090
EDP application mix selection using zero-one programming (1978)

The problem of selecting a data processing system and determining the set of applications to be performed by the chosen system is one which confronts more as well as smaller firms every year. The use of management science techniques in making these crucial decisions has been very limited. Some firms which can afford the relatively high cost of doing so have implemented simulation packages {10, 25} or written a custom simulation model to assist in the selection or modification of hardware and software systems. Occasionally, simulation is used to evaluate alternative data management schemes after the equipment has been chosen. In all such situations the application mix is taken as given. The firm which cannot or will not undertake such a heavy commitment of funds is left with traditional system evaluation aids such as benchmarks or subjective assessments. These methods are unrigourous and imprecise and, again, the application set is assumed fixed.
<i>Foxl2</i> gene and the development of the ovary: a story about goat, mouse, fish and woman (2005)

In this review, we describe recent results concerning the genetics of sex determination in mammals. Particularly, we developed the study of the FOXL2 gene and its implication in genetic anomalies in goats (PIS mutation) and humans (BPES). We present the expression of FOXL2 in the ovaries of different species.
A resonated coil driver for rapid scan EPR (2012)

Abstract A resonated coil driver designed for rapid scan electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is described. Rapid scan EPR requires larger magnetic field coils and a more powerful magnetic field modulation than those designed for conventional continuous wave EPR. There are two advantages of a resonated coil driver: i) by resonating the scan coils the reactive components are removed, which allows the coils to be driven with much lower voltages, and ii) by resonating the coils a near‐perfect sinusoidal scan is ensured. Performance of the coil driver is improved when Litz wire coils are used. With coil diameters between 3 and 3.5 inches, sweeps can be generated with widths up to about 80 G peak‐to‐peak and frequencies up to about 150 kHz, which permits sweep rates of more than 8 MG/s. The magnetic field is uniform over the sample length of a Bruker dielectric resonator. Enough detail has been presented for other laboratories toimplement this design to perform rapid scan EPR. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 41B: 95–110, 2012
Intermolecular β-Hydrogen Abstraction in Ytterbium, Calcium, and Potassium Tris(dimethylsilyl)methyl Compounds (2013)

A series of organometallic compounds containing the tris(dimethylsilyl)methyl ligand are described. The potassium carbanions KC(SiHMe2)3 and {KC(SiHMe2)3TMEDA}2 are synthesized by deprotonation of the hydrocarbon HC(SiHMe2)3 with potassium benzyl. {KC(SiHMe2)3TMEDA}2 crystallizes as a dimer with two types of three-center–two-electron K–H–Si interactions: side-on coordination of SiH (∠K–H–Si = 102(2)°) and more obtuse K–H–Si structures (∠K–H–Si ≈ 150°). The divalent calcium and ytterbium compounds M{C(SiHMe2)3}2L (M = Ca, Yb; L = 2THF, TMEDA) are prepared from MI2 and 2 equiv of KC(SiHMe2)3. Low 1JSiH coupling constants in the NMR spectra, low-energy νSiH bands in the IR spectra, and short M–Si distances and small M–C–Si angles in the crystal structures suggest β-agostic interactions on each C(SiHMe2)3 ligand. The IR assignments of M{C(SiHMe2)3}2L (L = 2THF, TMEDA) are supported by DFT calculations. The compounds M{C(SiHMe2)3}2L react with 1 or 2 equiv of B(C6F5)3 to give the 1,3-disilacyclobutane {Me2SiC(SiHMe2)2}2 and MC(SiHMe2)3HB(C6F5)3L or M{HB(C6F5)3}2L, respectively. In addition, M{C(SiHMe2)3}2L compounds react with BPh3 to give β-H abstracted products. The compounds M{C(SiHMe2)3}2THF2 react with SiMe3I to yield Me3SiH and disilacyclobutane as the products of β-H abstraction, while M{C(SiHMe2)3}2TMEDA and Me3SiI form a mixture of Me3SiH and the alkylation product Me3SiC(SiHMe2)3 in a 1:3 ratio.
Microbial transformations of natural antitumor agents. 13. Conversions of 13-blocked anthracyclinones. (1980)

Microbial transformation experiments were performed using 13-ketone-blocked daunomycinone derivatives which were converted into the corresponding carminomycinone derivatives by microbial O-demethylation.
September consultation #2 (2010)

Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 36(9):p 1613, September 2010. | DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2010.06.036
(Table 1) Relative contribution of main species into zooplankton biomass in White Sea surface waters (2002)

(Table 1) Relative contribution of main species into zooplankton biomass in White Sea surface waters
Nonlinear timing jitter in an installed fiber network with balanced dispersion compensation (2005)

We present field measurements of timing jitter induced by intrachannel cross-phase modulation on an installed terrestrial fiber link. The measured jitter is strongly dependent on the arrangement of dispersion-compensating fiber, in excellent qualitative agreement with numerical simulations. We find that balancing the dispersion compensation yields significant benefits, even for an inhomogeneous fiber path. We show that numerical simulation combined with experimental results is a practical way to develop a link model, even when the system loss cannot be completely characterized experimentally.
Identification of novel pathogenic variants and features in patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism and acrodysostosis, subtypes of the newly classified inactivating PTH/PTHrP signaling disorders (2019)

Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) is a complex disorder defined by the presence of a short adult stature relative to the height of an unaffected parent and brachydactyly type E, as well as a stocky build, round face, and ectopic calcifications. AHO and pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) have been used interchangeably in the past. The term PHP describes end-organ resistance to parathyroid hormone (PTH), occurring with or without the physical features of AHO. Conversely, pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (PPHP) describes individuals with AHO features in the absence of PTH resistance. PHP and PPHP are etiologically linked and caused by genetic and/or epigenetic alterations in the guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha-stimulating (G<sub>s</sub> α) locus (GNAS) in chromosome 20q13. Another less-recognized group of skeletal dysplasias, termed acrodysostosis, partially overlap with skeletal, endocrine, and neurodevelopmental features of AHO/PHP and can be overlooked in clinical practice, causing confusion in the literature. Acrodysostosis is caused by defects in two genes, PRKAR1A and PDE4D, both encoding important components of the G<sub>s</sub> α-cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A signaling pathway. We describe the clinical course and genotype of two adult patients with overlapping AHO features who harbored novel pathogenic variants in GNAS (c.2273C > G, p.Pro758Arg, NM_080425.2) and PRKAR1A (c.803C > T, p.Ala268Val, NM_002734.4), respectively. We highlight the value of expert radiological opinion and molecular testing in establishing correct diagnoses and discuss phenotypic features of our patients, including the first description of subcutaneous ossification and spina bifida occulta in PRKAR1A-related acrodysostosis, in the context of the novel inactivating PTH/PTH related peptide signaling disorder classification system.
Flow vector mapping through stream function from two-dimensional Doppler imaging (1988)

The distribution of Doppler velocity in the heart or large vessels can be observed in real time by a sector-scan or linear-scan Doppler ultrasound system. This Doppler velocity means one velocity component detected by the Doppler effect of reflected ultrasound from a moving target. Coding the magnitude of the Doppler velocity to a color, the distribution is displayed in Doppler color imaging. On the other hand, the distribution of a flow vector component on an observing plane gives more information than the Doppler color imaging. In order to derive flow vectors on a plane from Doppler color imaging, a technique to calculate stream functions on a plane was developed. The contour lines of this function are stream lines. The calculation of a stream function consists of the integration of weighted Doppler information. The distribution of a two-dimensional flow vector component can be calculated from this stream function. This technique was applied to the blood flow in the heart.
A Study of the toe Function for Human Walking (2003)

人間らしい歩行には足指が大いに関与していると考えられる。そこで, 足指を様々な状態に免荷し, 足指にかかる圧力, 歩容および酸素消費量を計測し, 歩行における足指の機能を検討した。
Approximate dynamic programming: solving the curses of dimensionality (2008)

By Warren B. Powell, Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics, Hoboken, NJ, J. Wiley & Sons, 2007, 488 pp., US$83.60 (hardcover), ISBN 978-0-470-17155-4 Dynamic programming introduced by Bellman ...
Evidence for the $B^0 \to \rho^0\rho^0$ Decay and Implications for the CKM Angle $\alpha$ (2006)

15 pages, 3 postscript figures, submitted to ICHEP2006
<title>Improved automatic adjustment of density and contrast in FCR system using neural network</title> (1994)

FCR system has an automatic adjustment of image density and contrast by analyzing the histogram of image data in the radiation field. Advanced image recognition methods proposed in this paper can improve the automatic adjustment performance, in which neural network technology is used. There are two methods. Both methods are basically used 3-layer neural network with back propagation. The image data are directly input to the input-layer in one method and the histogram data is input in the other method. The former is effective to the imaging menu such as shoulder joint in which the position of interest region occupied on the histogram changes by difference of positioning and the latter is effective to the imaging menu such as chest-pediatrics in which the histogram shape changes by difference of positioning. We experimentally confirm the validity of these methods (about the automatic adjustment performance) as compared with the conventional histogram analysis methods.
Solar probe technology challenges (1996)

A mission close to the sun is only possible if new spacecraft technologies can be developed and incorporated into a state‐of‐the‐art spacecraft concept. The perihelion goal of 4 solar radii requires a shielded spacecraft that can tolerate the almost 3000 suns solar flux while maintaining the electronics components at room temperature. In addition, the shield surface should sublimate at a rate of less than 3mg/s at perihelion. Many shield configuration designs have been studied and the most promising is a parabolic shape that functions as both a shield and a large high gain antenna. The shield material chosen for this design is a carbon‐carbon material with highly emissive surface properties. A mission requirement for a high telecommunications power stems from the expected interference when attempting to transmit data through the solar corona. It is expected that the large carbon‐carbon shield/antenna will have a high power gain even at high temperatures and will return adequate telemetry at the X‐band radio frequency chosen for the Solar Probe mission. Other key technology needs include a non‐nuclear power subsystem that can function in the extreme environments of the mission from Earth to Jupiter and onward to a 4 solar radii perihelion.
Evidence for multiple distinctly localized adenylyl cyclase isoforms in mammalian spermatozoa (2003)

In addition to a bicarbonate-regulated soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC), mammalian spermatozoa, like somatic cells, appear to contain receptor/G protein-regulated AC activity that contributes to the modulation of specialized cell processes. This study provides evidence that agents, known to influence somatic membrane-associated AC (mAC) but apparently not germ cell sAC, can modulate cAMP production and functional state in mouse spermatozoa. Specifically, forskolin significantly enhanced cAMP production and capacitation, while inclusion of 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine significantly blocked these responses. Furthermore, GTPgammaS and NaF stimulated cAMP, but GDPbetaS and mastoparan had no apparent effect, consistent with recent evidence that G(s), but not G(i), contributes to AC/cAMP regulation in uncapacitated cells. In addition, intact mouse spermatozoa were screened for all known mAC isoforms by immunolocalization, using commercially available specific antibodies. The most abundant isoforms appeared to be AC2, AC3, and AC8, each with distinct distributions in the acrosomal and flagellar regions; AC1 and AC4 also appeared to be present, although less abundantly, in the midpiece and acrosomal cap regions, respectively. Intriguingly, however, Western blotting revealed that the major immunoreactive proteins in mouse sperm lysates were considerably smaller (approximately 50-60 kDa) than their somatic cell counterparts, suggesting that mature spermatozoa contain multiple mACs which may function in a shortened form. Of particular interest were AC3 and AC8, located in the same regions as, and hence possibly directly associated with, specific cell surface receptors and G proteins that are able to regulate the spermatozoon's acquisition and maintenance of fertilizing ability via changes in AC/cAMP.
ChemInform Abstract: POTENTIAL PSYCHOTOMIMETICS, 2‐AMINO‐1,2,3,4‐TETRAHYDRONAPHTHALENE ANALOGS (1973)

Abstract p‐Dimethoxy‐benzol (I) reagiert mit dem Carbonsäurechlorid (II) zu dem Substitutionsprodukt (IIIa), das über (IIIb) in die Carbonsäure (IV) übergeführt wird.