gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Synergistic Effect of a Daily Supplement for 1 Month of 200 mg Magnesium plus 50 mg Vitamin B <sub>6</sub> for the Relief of Anxiety-Related Premenstrual Symptoms: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Study (2000)

To investigate single and combined effects of daily dietary supplementation with 50 mg of vitamin B6 and 200 mg magnesium (as MgO) for one cycle for the relief of mild premenstrual symptoms, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design was used. Forty-four women with an average age of 32 years took part in the study. Each woman was randomly assigned, according to a Latin square design, to take consecutively all four of the following treatments daily for one menstrual cycle: (1) 200 mg Mg, (2) 50 mg vitamin B6, (3) 200 mg Mg + 50 mg vitamin B6 and (4) placebo. Throughout the study, each volunteer kept a daily record of symptoms using a 5-point ordinal scale in a menstrual diary of 30 symptoms. Symptoms were grouped into six categories: anxiety, craving, depression, hydration, other, and total. Urinary magnesium output for 24 hours was estimated using the Mg/creatinine concentration ratio. ANOVA showed no overall difference between individual treatments, but predefined treatment comparisons using factorial contrasts in ANOVA showed a significant effect of 200 mg/day Mg + 50 mg/day vitamin B6 on reducing anxiety-related premenstrual symptoms (nervous tension, mood swings, irritability, or anxiety) (p = 0.040). Urinary Mg output was not affected by treatment. A small synergistic effect of a daily dietary supplementation with a combination of Mg + vitamin B6 in the reduction of mild premenstrual anxiety-related symptoms was demonstrated during treatment of 44 women for one menstrual cycle. In view of the modest effect found, further studies are needed before making general recommendations for the treatment of premenstrual symptoms. The study indicated that absorption from MgO was poor and daily supplementation for longer than 1 month is necessary for tissue repletion.
ENSO as an Integrating Concept in Earth Science (2006)

The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle of alternating warm El Niño and cold La Niña events is the dominant year-to-year climate signal on Earth. ENSO originates in the tropical Pacific through interactions between the ocean and the atmosphere, but its environmental and socioeconomic impacts are felt worldwide. Spurred on by the powerful 1997-1998 El Niño, efforts to understand the causes and consequences of ENSO have greatly expanded in the past few years. These efforts reveal the breadth of ENSO's influence on the Earth system and the potential to exploit its predictability for societal benefit. However, many intertwined issues regarding ENSO dynamics, impacts, forecasting, and applications remain unresolved. Research to address these issues will not only lead to progress across a broad range of scientific disciplines but also provide an opportunity to educate the public and policy makers about the importance of climate variability and change in the modern world.
Sub-<tex>$10^{-9}\ \Omega-\text{cm}^{2}$</tex> Specific Contact Resistivity on P-type Ge and GeSn: In-situ Ga Doping with Ga Ion Implantation at 300 °C, 25 °C, and −100 °C (2018)

For the first time, Ga ion implantation (Ga I/I) on in-situ Ga-doped Ge (Ge:Ga) and GeSn (GeSn:Ga) films at various temperatures (300 °C, 25 °C, and -100 °C) was investigated. It is found that cryogenic (-100 °C) and room temperature (RT, 25°C) Ga I/I retains strain and the high quality of the GeSn layer after Ga activation while hot Ga I/I (300 °C) degrades the crystalline quality due to the implantation-induced defects. An ultra-low specific contact resistivity ρc of 8×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-10</sup> Ω-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> is achieved for Ti/p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -GeSn contact by in-situ Ga doping followed by cryogenic or RT Ga I/I while ρc increases to 2.3×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> Ω-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> using hot Ga I/I. An ultra-low ρc of 9×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-10</sup> Ω-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> is also demonstrated for in-situ Ga-doped Ge followed by RT Ga I/I. This is the first realization of sub- 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> Ω-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ρc on non-laser-annealed p-type Ge. The sub· 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> Ω-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ρc is thermally stable up to an annealing temperature of 500 °C.
Cross-phase modulation in a semiconductor laser amplifier determined by a dispersive technique (1992)

Cross-phase modulation in a semiconductor laser diode amplifier is reported. A simple expression for the chirp imparted on a weak signal pulse by the action of a strong pump pulse is derived. A novel dispersive technique for characterizing the resulting nonlinear chirp is introduced and used in the present experiment. A maximum frequency excursion of 16 GHz, due to the cross-phase modulation, was measured. A value of 6 was found for alpha /sub xpm/, which is a factor for characterizing the cross-phase modulation in a similar manner to the conventional linewidth enhancement factor alpha .< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Surge Irrigation Reduces Irrigation Requirements for Soybean on Smectitic Clay‐Textured Soils (2017)

Core Ideas Surge irrigation reduced the amount of water applied per irrigation event by 22% Surge irrigation reduced the total amount of seasonal irrigation water application by 24% Surge irrigation increased irrigation water use efficiency by 29% The Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer is declining precipitously due to irrigation withdrawal for row crop production. Currently, 25% of the soybean ( Glycine max L.) acres in the Mid‐South are planted on clay‐textured soils and furrow‐irrigated using conventional continuous flow (CONV), the least efficient irrigation delivery system. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of surge irrigation (SURGE) on amount of water applied, soybean grain yield, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), and net return above irrigation costs when implemented on clay‐textured soils. The research was conducted during the 2013 through 2015 growing seasons in Stoneville, MS and consisted of paired fields, with the same cultivar, soil texture, planting date, and management practices used on both sites. Paired fields were randomly assigned as SURGE or CONV. Water applied to each field was monitored with flowmeters, and irrigations were initiated based on soil moisture sensor thresholds. Relative to CONV, SURGE reduced the amount of water applied per irrigation event by 22% and total water applied in season by 24% ( P ≤ 0.0349). Soybean grain yield averaged 66 bu/acre and was not different between delivery systems ( P = 0.7711), but SURGE increased IWUE by 29% compared with CONV ( P = 0.0076). Net return above irrigation cost was not different between CONV and SURGE, regardless of diesel price or pumping depth ( P ≥ 0.1149). Results from this research indicate that soybean producers in the Mid‐South and other regions that irrigate using lay‐flat polyethylene tubing can adopt SURGE for soybean on clay‐textured soils without adversely affecting yield or on‐farm profitability while concurrently decreasing the demand on depleted groundwater resources.
The single reflection method in dielectric time domain spectroscopy (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe single reflection method in dielectric time domain spectroscopyB. Gestblom and E. NorelandCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1984, 88, 4, 664–666Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150648a008https://doi.org/10.1021/j150648a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views46Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Serological characterisation of Ureaplasma urealyticum strains by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). (1982)

A modification of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the serological characterisation and identification of strains of Ureaplasma urealyticum. The eight recognised human serotypes of U urealyticum and antisera produced against them were used as reference for the evaluation and standardisation of the method. The serological profile illustrating reactions of antigen with homologous and heterologous antisera was specific and reproducible for each serotype. The homologous reaction was always very prominent but some cross-reactivity was seen, most clearly between serotypes 2 and 5. The method was found to be suitable for serological typing of clinical isolates of U urealyticum because of rapid and simple technical procedure, good reproducibility of the results and economical consumption of antisera and other reagents.
Immunohistochemical Study on Apoptosis and Cell Proliferation in the Lining Epithelium of Thyroglossal Duct Cysts. (1999)

Thyroglossal duct cyst is an unusual developmental cyst of the neck, arising anywhere from the base of the tongue to the thyroid gland. It may develop from epithelial remnants of the thyroglossal duct. To determine whether apoptotic cell death or cell proliferation has a role in the formation of this cyst, apoptosis-related factors and cell proliferation markers were immunohistochemically examined in the thyroglossal ducts and thyroglossal duct cysts. Expression of Lewisy antigen was detected in the lining epithelium of all thyroglossal duct cysts and in the luminal epithelium of all thyroglossal ducts. Immunoreactivity for p53 protein was detected only in the lining epithelium with squamous metaplasia in thyroglossal duct cysts and was not detected in the thyroglossal ducts. Expression of bcl-2 protein was detected in several thyroglossal duct cysts as well as in the thyroglossal ducts, and the proportion of cases positive for bcl-2 protein was significantly higher in thyroglossal duct cysts than in the thyroglossal ducts (p<0.05). The ratio of Ki-67-positive cells (Ki-67-LI) in thyroglossal duct cysts was significantly higher than that in the thyroglossal ducts (p<0.05). These immunohistochemical features suggest that apoptosis-related factors and cell proliferation markers might play specific roles in cyst formation in the thyroglossal ducts.
A critical epitope for substrate recognition by the nucleosome remodeling ATPase ISWI (2002)

The ATPase ISWI is the catalytic core of several nucleosome remodeling complexes, which are able to alter histone-DNA interactions within nucleosomes such that the sliding of histone octamers on DNA is facilitated. Dynamic nucleosome repositioning may be involved in the assembly of chromatin with regularly spaced nucleosomes and accessible regulatory sequence elements. The mechanism that underlies nucleosome sliding is largely unresolved. We recently discovered that the N-terminal 'tail' of histone H4 is critical for nucleosome remodeling by ISWI. If deleted, nucleosomes are no longer recognized as substrates and do not stimulate the ATPase activity of ISWI. We show here that the H4 tail is part of a more complex recognition epitope which is destroyed by grafting the H4 N-terminus onto other histones. We mapped the H4 tail requirement to a hydrophilic patch consisting of the amino acids R17H18R19 localized at the base of the tail. These residues have been shown earlier to contact nucleosomal DNA, suggesting that ISWI recognizes an 'epitope' consisting of the DNA-bound H4 tail. Consistent with this hypothesis, the ISWI ATPase is stimulated by isolated H4 tail peptides ISWI only in the presence of DNA. Acetylation of the adjacent K12 and K16 residues impairs substrate recognition by ISWI.
Tibial lengthening apparatus with distractive force measurement system (1980)

A tibial lengthening apparatus has been developed which incorporates a distractive force measurement system. Lengthening is carried out generally in accordance with the 2-stage Anderson method. After closed percutaneous osteoclosis (clinically performed fracture), the tibial fragments are held in place by Steinmann pins and novel Steinmann pin-clamping blocks to ensure rigid fixation and accurate alignment. The blocks provide electrical insulation between the patient and the apparatus and are able to accommodate different sizes of Steinmann pins and misalignment of the pins as a result of their insertion in the tibia by drilling. A metric distraction mechanism provides controlled lengthening and the distractive force is sensed by two transducers, each consisting of an aluminium ring to which are bonded electrical resistance strain gauges in a full bridge configuration. Electronic instrumentation is used to process the transducer signals and the resulting force readings are displayed on a digital panel meter as well as being recorded on a digital printer.
Effects of Heat Treatment on the Structure, Corrosion Resistance and Stripping of Electroless Nickel Coatings (1983)

SummaryEffects of heat treatment on the structure and corrosion resistance of a conventional electroless nickel deposit containing 8.4 wt% phosphorus and high integrity electroless nickel alloy containing 12.2 wt% phosphorus were studied. Differential thermal analysis indicated an exothermic effect at 330°C for both types of deposits. Changes in corrosion resistance after heat treatment at 150–800°C were correlated with structural changes shown by X-ray diffraction and with those revealed in optical and scanning electron micrographs. Significant changes in the structure, hardness and stripping rate of as-plated alloys were observed for coatings heat treated within the range 200–400°C.
Effect of ceramic-impregnated "thermoflow" gloves on patients with Raynaud's syndrome: randomized, placebo-controlled study. (2002)

The ceramic-impregnated "thermoflow" gloves have a clinically important effect in Raynaud's syndrome.
Combined use of high-reflective index vitrectomy meniscus contact lens and a noncontact wide-angle viewing system in vitreous surgery (2011)

Combined use of a HHV meniscus contact lens and a noncontact wide-angle viewing system is useful for vitreous surgery. It has the advantages of both contact and noncontact wide-angle viewing systems.
Agent Architecture Considerations for Real-Time Planning in Games (2005)

Planning in real-time offers several benefits over the more typical techniques of implementing Non-Player Character (NPC) behavior with scripts or finite state machines. NPCs that plan their actions dynamically are better equipped to handle unexpected situations. The modular nature of the goals and actions that make up the plan facilitates re-use, sharing, and maintenance of behavioral building blocks. These benefits, however, come at the cost of CPU cycles. In order to simultaneously plan for several NPCs in real-time, while continuing to share the processor with the physics, animation, and rendering systems, careful consideration must taken with the supporting architecture. The architecture must support distributed processing and caching of costly calculations. These considerations have impacts that stretch beyond the architecture of the planner, and affect the agent architecture as a whole. This paper describes lessons learned while implementing real-time planning for NPCs for F.E.A.R., a AAA first person shooter shipping for PC in 2005.
Purification and Characterization of a Specific 3-Deoxy- <scp>d</scp> - <i>manno</i> -Octulosonate 8-Phosphate Phosphatase from <i>Escherichia coli</i> B (1980)

A phosphatase specific for the hydrolysis of 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonate (KDO)-8-phosphate was purified approximately 400-fold from crude extracts of Escherichia coli B. The hydrolysis of KDO-8-phosphate to KDO and inorganic phosphate in crude extracts of E. coli B, grown in phosphate-containing minimal medium, could be accounted for by the enzymatic activity of this specific phosphatase. No other sugar phosphate tested was an alternate substrate or inhibitor of the purified enzyme. KDO-8-phosphate phosphatase was stimulated three- to fourfold by the addition of 1.0 mM Co(+) or Mg(2+) and to a lesser extent by 1.0 mM Ba(2+), Zn(2+), and Mn(2+). The activity was inhibited by the addition of 1.0 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, Cu(2+), Ca(2+), Cd(2+), Hg(2+), and chloride ions (50% at 0.1 M). The pH optimum was determined to be 5.5 to 6.5 in both tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-acetate and HEPES (N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid) buffer. This specific phosphatase had an isoelectric point of 4.7 to 4.8 and a molecular weight of 80,000 +/- 6,000 as determined by molecular sieving and Ferguson analysis. The enzyme appeared to be composed of two identical subunits of 40,000 to 43,000 molecular weight. The apparent K(m) for KDO-8-phosphate was determined to be 5.8 +/- 0.9 x 10(-5) M in the presence of 1.0 mM Co(2+), 9.1 +/- 1 x 10(-5) M in the presence of 1.0 mM Mg(2+), and 1.0 +/- 0.2 x 10(-4) M in the absence of added Co(2+) or Mg(2+).
Defect tolerance in homogeneous manycore processors using core-level redundancy with unified topology (2008)

Homogeneous manycore processors are emerging for tera-scale computation. Effective defect tolerance techniques are essential to improve the yield of such complex integrated circuits. In this paper, we propose to achieve fault tolerance by employing redundancy at the core-level instead of at the microarchitecture-level. When faulty cores existing on-chip in this architecture, how to reconfigure the processor with the most effective topology is a relevant research problem. We present novel solutions for this problem, which not only maximize the performance of the manycore processor, but also provide a unified topology to operating system and application software running on the processor. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed techniques.
Character cluster based Thai information retrieval (2000)

Some languages including Thai, Japanese and Chinese do not have explicit word boundary. This causes the problem of word boundary ambiguity that results in decreasing the accuracy of information retrieval. This paper proposes a new technique so-called character clustering to reduce the ambiguity of word boundary in Thai documents and hence improve searching efficiency. To investigate the efficiency, a set of experiments using Thai newspapers is conducted in both non-indexing and indexing searching approaches. The experimental results show our method outperform the traditional methods in both non-indexing and indexing approaches in all measures.
In vitro leishmanicidal activity of imidazole- or pyrazole-based benzo[g]phthalazine derivatives against Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis species (2011)

All the compounds assayed were active in vitro against the two Leishmania species and were less toxic against mammalian cells than the reference drug, but the monosubstituted compounds were significantly more effective and less toxic than their disubstituted counterparts.
Adaptive Loading Algorithms for IMDD Optical OFDM PON Systems Using Directly Modulated Lasers (2012)

A detailed study on the effectiveness of three proposed optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OOFDM) adaptive loading algorithms (ALAs) is conducted, addressing, for the first time, a number of crucial issues related to OOFDM directly modulated laser-based intensity-modulated and direct-detected passive optical networks (PONs). The ALAs include the power loading (PL), bit loading, and bit-and-power loading (BPL) algorithms. It is shown that in comparison with the most sophisticated BPL algorithm, the simplest PL algorithm is effective in escalating a single-channel OOFDM PON performance to its maximum potential. On the other hand, for multi-channel OOFDM PON and when employing a large number of subcarriers and high digital-to-analog/analog-to-digital converter sampling speed, the BPL algorithm should be adopted. The utilization of the three ALAs can also extend the optimum clipping ratio range up to at least 3 dB compared to a conventional identical modulation scheme.
Blue light generation using a high power tapered amplifier mode-locked laser (1994)

Light at 430 nm is generated by frequency doubling the high peak power output of a mode-locked compound cavity laser based on a tapered GaAlAs amplifier. The laser generated a peak 860 nm power of 12.7 W and pulse energy of 450 pJ. Using a 7.1 mm KNbO3 crystal, 45 mW of average blue light power was produced with a peak power of 1.6 W, minimum pulse length of 8.5 ps, and pulse energy of 30 pJ.
Surface characterization of the chitosan membrane after oxygen plasma treatment and its aging effect (2009)

Chitosan has received considerable attention for biomedical applications in recent years because of its biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this paper, angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS) was carried out to investigate the chemical groups' spatial orientation on the chitosan membrane surface. Oxygen plasma treatment was also employed to improve the surface hydrophilicity of the chitosan membrane. The results of ARXPS revealed the distribution of surface polar groups, such as-OH and O=CNH(2) toward the membrane bulk, which was the origin of the chitosan membrane surface hydrophobicity. The contact angle measurements and XPS results indicated that oxygen plasma treatment can markedly improve the surface hydrophilicity and surface energy of the chitosan membrane by incorporating oxygen-containing polar groups. With the existence of the aging process, the influence of plasma treatment was not permanent, it faded with storage time. The ARXPS result discovered that the reorientation of polar functional groups generated by plasma treatment toward the membrane bulk was primarily responsible for the aging effect.