gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EE2-2 Analysis of CO Emission Sources in Diesel Combustion with Multiple Injections(EE: Exhaust Emissions and Measurement,General Session Papers) (2012)

CO emission sources in diesel combustion with multiple injections are analyzed by using in-cylinder CO imaging and 3-D numerical simulation. For the in-cylinder CO imaging, a two-photon excitation LIF was applied. While overlapping of the blue color component of the luminous flame (emitted by the soot particles) over the weak CO fluorescence became as a serious problem, it was solved by optimizing the viewing direction. A comparison of the CO distribution results as obtained by CO-LIF imaging and CFD simulation shows good agreement on the location of the dense CO gas clouds. The major source of CO emissions under low-load conditions is the over-diffusion of the pilot sprays. A large amount of CO, formed from the pilot flame, is emitted without being oxidized by the high temperature main flame. In contrast, under high-load conditions, the major source is the fuel rich region of the flame front because of the low O_2 concentration.
Remote Laser-Induced Fluorescence Monitoring of Groundwater Contaminants: Prototype Field Instrument (1987)

ABSTRACT Direct, in situ monitoring of many groundwater contaminants is possible using the Remote Laser-Induced Fluorescence (RLIF) technique. We have designed, laboratory-tested, and field-tested a prototype mobile instrument capable of performing such monitoring. It consists of a portable, computer-controlled fluorimeter with a frequency-quadrupled Nd:YAG laser as a UV excitation source, detachable fiber optic sensor, and a detection module employing two photomultiplier tubes and a dual-channel boxcar averager for signal recovery. In this report, we give a complete description of the hardware and software utilized in the instrument, along with a summary of our field testing procedures and experiences, and an assessment of the technique's current and potential capabilities.
A Second Example of the Blood Type “rh<sup>G</sup>” (1959)

Summary A second example is reported of a blood that is rh′ (C) negative and Rh o (D) negative while reacting strongly with anti‐Rh o ′ (CD) serum. The blocking of both rh′ (C) and Rh o (D) by an eluate prepared from this unique blood suggests that the Rh factors Rh o (D), rh′ (C), and G are in reality antigenic components of a single Rh molecule. Résumé Les auteurs décrivent un second exemple de sang négatif quant aux facteurs rh′ (C) et Rh o (D) mais qui réagit fortement avec les sérumstest anti‐Rh′, (anti‐CD). Le bloquage aussi bien de rh′ (C) que de Rh o (D) par un éluat préparé à partir de ce sang unique suggère que les facteurs Rh o (D), rh′ (C), et rh G ne sont en réalité que des composants antigéniques d'une seule et même molécule Rh. Zusammenfassung Mnläßlich von Routineuntersuchungen wurde eine rh′ (C)‐ und Rh o (D)‐negative Blutprobe gefunden, welche mit Anti‐Rh o ′‐(CD)‐seren kräftig positiv reagierte. Es handelt sich um den zweiten Fall einer Blutprobe mit dem Rhesusantigen rh G . Da Antikörpereluate dieser Blutprobe die Rhesusantigene rh′ (C) und Rh o (D) blockierten, ist die Annahme naheliegend, daß die Antigene rh′ (C), Rh o (D) und rh G Antigenkomponenten eines einzelnen Rh‐moleküls darstellen.
Single or fractionated irradiations of mice with low doses of X-rays stimulate innate immune mechanisms (2009)

Single and fractionated Whole-Body Irradiation (WBI) of the BALB/c mice with total doses of 0.1 or 0.2 Gy X-rays led to reductions in the number of pulmonary tumour colonies. Single and fractionated WBI with 0.1 or 0.2 Gy, as well as the fractionated exposure to 1.0 Gy X-rays, significantly stimulated: the cytotoxicity of macrophages (Mϕ) and Natural Killer (NK) cells mediated mainly by nitric oxide (NO) (Mϕ) and perforin and Fas ligand (FasL) (NK cells); and production of IL-1β, IL-12 and TNF-α by Mϕ, as well as the synthesis of IFN-γ by NK cells and IL-2 by splenocytes. Single exposures of the isolated NK cells and Mϕ to X-rays did not boost the cytotoxic activities of these cell populations. The results indicate that the suppression of the development of pulmonary tumour colonies by single and fractionated WBI may be due to the stimulation of natural defence reactions mediated by NK lymphocytes and/or cytotoxic Mϕ.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Addition of Organo‐manganese Reagents to Chiral Acylsilanes and Aldehydes. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Differential recognition of a BCR/ABL peptide by lymphocytes from normal donors and chronic myeloid leukemia patients. (2000)

The BCR/ABL oncogenic fusion protein transforms normal bone marrow stem cells into neoplastic cells. It has been shown that peptides derived from the junctional region of this oncogenic fusion protein can be recognized by human T-lymphocytes obtained from normal donors. In this study, we investigated the immunogenicity in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) of a 17 mer b3/a2 Bcr/abl peptide (B/A1), which was shown to induce proliferative responses in lymphocytes from normal donors. A total of 56 CML patients in chronic phase were studied. Twenty-two patients were studied at diagnosis without any treatment (group I). Fourteen patients were receiving IFN (group II), 14 patients were being treated with hydroxyurea (group III), and 6 patients were on different regimens (group IV). Patients were initially assessed for general immunological competence using both in vivo and in vitro assays. Patients were also selected for the expression of HLA-DR0401, the HLA specificity known to present peptide B/A1 to CD4 lymphocytes. With the exception of the six patients in group IV, the results of all these assays (in vitro phytohemagglutinin/tetanus toxoid responses, in vivo skin reaction to ubiquitous antigens) in CML patients did not significantly differ from those obtained in normal donors, thus excluding the presence of generalized immunosuppression. Eight patients with HLA-DR0401 and a b3/a2 type of fusion were identified and further studied. In these eight patients dendritic cells were obtained from adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells and used to stimulate CD4 lymphocytes. No patient developed a specific response to the bcr/abl peptide, although patients' lymphocytes proliferated in response to a promiscuous tetanus toxoid peptide in all but one case. In contrast, response to the bcr/abl peptide was observed in seven of eight HLA-DR0401 healthy donors tested. These data suggest that immunocompetent, HLA-DR0401+ CML patients are unable to respond to peptide B/A1, at difference from healthy donors. The implication of these results for the immunotherapy of CML is discussed.
The impact of FADS genetic variants on ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in African Americans (2011)

We conclude that the impact of FADS genetic variants on PUFA metabolism, specifically AA levels, is likely more pronounced in African Americans due to the larger proportion of individuals carrying the genotype associated with increased FADS1 enzymatic conversion of DGLA to AA.
Influence of rotational and vertical motions on fluid force on a floating body in collision (1993)

To study a collision problem between a floating body and an offshore structure, the influence of the fluid force acting on the floating body must be considered. The change in the characteristics of the collision phenomenon with the relative speed of collision was investigated by the authors. However, the floating body was assumed to move only in the horizontal direction and the pitching and heaving motions were neglected. To consider their effects, a new method of analysis using the boundary element method is developed. The influence of these motions on the collision phenomenon for both elastic and elastic-plastic responses is examined by comparison with cases assuming only horizontal motion.
Proteomics-on-a-chip: the challenge to couple lab-on-a-chip unit operations (2004)

This review describes a vision of a proteomics-on-a-chip device to separate, detect and identify the proteome. It guides the reader towards a development strategy, avoiding some of the pitfalls. It also describes the current state-of-the-art developments in proteomic analysis including available technologies, current market issues, the elements of an envisaged proteomics-on-a-chip device, the required microfabrication processes and the integration of the elements into one device. Address-flow microfluidics is a tool for connecting separation and detection platforms. The final section contains an expert opinion on the recommended development strategies, benefits of proteomics-on-a-chip in the life sciences and the anticipated market.
Pressurizing test of CFRP model tank in cryogenic temperature (2001)

The authors present in this study an approach demonstrating the performance of a toughened epoxy CFRP concept tank under internal pressure at a cryogenic temperature. Three tanks were prepared with eight-ply unidirectional (UD) quasi-isotropic lay-ups of two different patterns and cloth lay-up. Each tank was cylindrical with a diameter of 600mm and length of 1200mm, covered with an aluminum flange at one end and a 600mm hemispherical CFRP dome at the other. The gauge length used was the central 300mm of the cylindrical section with a wall thickness of I.imm and made from IM600/#133 toughened epoxy CFRP. Each of the tanks was installed into a metallic chamber with the outside being under vacuum in order to preserve the cryogenic condition. The inside of the tank was pressurized with liquid nitrogen (LN2) together with gaseous helium (GHe) with the aim of detecting the onset of damage from the GHe leakage. The experiments were performed as follows. Firstly, helium gas leakage was measured and indicated no damage resulting from a water pressure of 1 MPa at room temperature (R.T.). Secondly, LN2 storage was performed without pressurization in order to evaluate any damage onsets due to the cryogenic condition. Following LN2 storage, no damage was detected within the gauge section of the tank. Thirdly, the tank was pressurized with LN2 and GHe to 0.98 MPa at gauge pressure (MPaG) and indicated the gauge section to has kept intact. Therefore, it was concluded that the materials and concept CFRP tank structure were successfully demonstrated under pressurization in cryogenic conditions. Although technical steps remain regarding engineering structures, CFRP appears to be a promising candidate for the realization of lightweight pressure vessels such as launch vehicle cryogenic tanks.
System design for accurately estimating the spectral reflectance of art paintings (2000)

Accurately estimating the spectral reflectance of art paintings from low-dimensional multichannel images requires that both image-acquisition hardware with appropriate spectral characteristics and appropriate estimation software be applied to the captured multichannel image. In this study, a system that incorporates both factors is designed and developed on the basis of the minimum-mean-square error criterion. The accuracy of spectral estimation by use of this system is evaluated, and the system's high performance is demonstrated.
Probabilistic Analysis of a Generalized Bin Packing Problem and Applications (1997)

We give a unified probabilistic analysis for a general class of bin packing problems by directly analyzing corresponding mathematical programs. In this general class of packing problems, objects are described by a given number of attribute values. (Some attributes may be discrete; others may be continuous.) Bins are sets of objects, and the collection of feasible bins is merely required to satisfy some general consistency properties. We characterize the asymptotic optimal value as the value of an easily specified linear program whose size is independent of the number of objects to be packed, or as the limit of a sequence of such linear program values. We also provide bounds for the rate of convergence of the average cost to its asymptotic value. The analysis suggests an (a.s.) asymptotically ϵ-optimal heuristic that runs in linear time. The heuristics can be designed to be asymptotically optimal while still running in polynomial time. We also show that in several important cases, the algorithm has both polynomially fast convergence and polynomial running time. This heuristic consists of solving a linear program and rounding its solution up to the nearest integer vector. We show how our results can be used to analyze a general vehicle routing model with capacity and time window constraints.
Central and Peripheral Nervous System Complications (1982)

Symptomatic neuropathy is a common manifestation of diabetes mellitus, and sensory, motor, or autonomic symptoms occur in approximately 10% of all diabetic patients. Animal models may be useful to study the metabolic and electrophysiologic abnormalities peculiar to diabetic neuropathy. Genetic animal models, including the Chinese hamster, ob/ob mouse, db/db mouse, BB-wistar rat, and SSDR rat or chemically induced or nutritional models of diabetes mellitus provide the potential to use animals to study human neuropathy; however, to date, few characteristics of human diabetic neuropathy have been clearly demonstrated in any of these animal models. Better characterization of the neuropathy of existing animal models with emphasis on evaluation over long periods of time is recommended. These studies should include a cross-disciplinary approach using biochemical, electrophysiologic and morphologic techniques. Specific future approaches to study diabetic neuropathy using chemical models is outlined in this chapter.
Progesterone and estradiol stimulate release of epidermal growth factor/transforming growth factor alpha by ovarian tumours in vitro. (1995)

Previous studies have demonstrated locally increased steroid production and release of EGF/TGF-alpha in ovarian carcinomas. The influence of added steroid hormones on EGF-like activity in ovarian tumours in vitro was investigated. Using radioreceptor assay, EGF-like activity was measured in media from incubations of postmenopausal ovaries, benign and malignant epithelial ovarian tumours from 27 patients. The 3-hour incubations were performed with and without addition of progesterone, testosterone or estradiol. Addition of progesterone and estradiol significantly increased the release of EGF/TGF-a from benign tumour tissue but did not stimulate release from control ovaries. A stimulating effect was also noted for malignant tumour tissue but the increase was not significant. Addition of EGF or IGF-1 did not affect the release of steroid hormones from ovarian tumours. A positive correlation between progesterone and EGF-like activity was found in incubation media of peritoneal fluid cells from cancer patients.
Efficient Field Emission from Vertically Aligned Cu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>1‐<i>δ</i></sub>(111) Nanostructure Influenced by Oxygen Vacancy (2014)

In the architecture described, cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O) is tamed to be highly (111) plane oriented nanostructure through adjusting the deposition postulate by glancing angle deposition technique. In the controlled atmosphere oxygen vacancy is introduced into the Cu 2 O crystal subsequently fostering an impurity energy state ( E im ) close to the conduction band. Our model of Cu 2 O electronic structure using density functional theory suggests that oxygen vacancies enhance the electron donating ability because of unshared d ‐electrons of Cu atoms (nearest to the vacancy site), allowing to pin the work function energy level around 0.28 eV compared to the bulk. This result is also complemented by Kelvin probe force microscopy analysis and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy method. Oxygen vacancy in Cu 2 O (Cu 2 O 1‐ δ ) exhibits promising field emission properties with interesting field electron tunneling behavior at different applied fields. The films show very low turn‐on and threshold voltages of value 0.8 and 2.4 V μm −1 respectively which is influenced by the oxygen vacancy. Here, a correlation between the work function modulation due to the oxygen vacancy and enhancement of field emission of Cu 2 O 1– δ nanostructure is demonstrated. This work reveals a promising new vision for Cu 2 O as a low power field emitter device.
Embryo cell membranes reconstruction by tensor voting (2014)

Image-based studies of developing organs or embryos produce a huge quantity of data. To handle such high-throughput experimental protocols, automated computer-assisted methods are highly desirable. This article aims at designing an efficient cell segmentation method from microscopic images. The proposed approach is twofold: first, cell membranes are enhanced or extracted by the means of structure-based filters, and then perceptual grouping (i.e. tensor voting) allows to correct for segmentation gaps. To decrease the computational cost of this last step, we propose different methodologies to reduce the number of voters. Assessment on real data allows us to deduce the most efficient approach.
Interferon Induction in Mice by Lipopolysaccharide from <i>Brucella abortus</i> (1974)

Endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide isolated from Brucella abortus (strain 456) produced a typical endotoxin-type interferon response in mice with peak levels of the inhibitor occurring 2 h after intravenous injection of the stimuli. Brucella lipopolysaccharide was a much less effective interferon stimulus than the lipopolysaccharide isolated from Salmonella typhimurium (strain LT-2).
Isolation of influenza A viruses from migratory waterfowls in San-in District, Western Japan, in the winter of 1982-1983. (1987)

From November 1982 to March 1983, winter migratory waterfowls of some species staying in San-in District, Western Japan, were surveyed for influenza virus at five stations. A total of eight influenza A viruses were isolated from 354 faeces samples of whistling swans; in contrast, no virus was isolated from any sample of 261 black-tailed gulls, of 113 pintails and of 10 mallards. Five of eight isolates belonged to human pandemic subtype H2N2, two isolates belonged to fowl plague subtype H7N7, and the remaining one to subtype H4N6.
Emerging Intelligence for Next-Generation Intelligent Systems and Control (2000)

This paper presents a general survey on ""intelligence"" from broad perspectives of living organisms including insects, animals, and humans. After current paradigm shifts commonly occurring in interdisciplinary academic areas are reviewed, we show that the commonly focused interest therein is reconsideration about mutual and inseparable relationships between the external environment and the internal of the agent, that is an actor, an observer, a cognizer, and an interpreter. We emphasize the fact that autonomous systems can be characterized by their self-organizing capabilities driven mainly by internal coherence produced by internal mutual relations among components, rather than described by inputs from an external environment. Then, we introduce the subject of semiotics, a new interdisciplinary branch of science, and its potential contribution to bridging between biological intelligence and machine intelligence. We also describe its relationships with current hot topics of embodiment and symbol grounding often discussed by robotics researchers. Finally, we present our ongoing series of work related to the above topics.
Hybridation entre<i>Saga campbelli</i>Kaltenbach 1965 et<i>Saga hellenica</i>Kaltenbach 1967 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) (2011)

Résumé Dans le cadre de ses recherches sur le genre Saga, le G.E.E.M. enregistre en mai 2009 la naissance en élevage, d’un male et d’une femelle issus du croisement d’une femelle de Saga campbelli Kaltenbach 1965 avec un mâle de Saga hellenica Kaltenbach 1967. L’analyse cytogénétique de la femelle hybride confirme son origine hybride et qu’une seule translocation robertsonienne sépare les caryotypes de S. hellenica de S. campbelli. L’habitus du mâle montre une affinité plus forte avec S. hellenica qu’avec S. campbelli.
Preparation and properties of multi-branched poly(D-lactide) derived from polyglycidol and its stereocomplex blends (2014)

Multi-branched poly(D-lactide)s (mbPDLAs) with various structures are synthesized via ring-opening polymerization by using polyglycidol (PG) macro-initiators. Their chemical structures and thermal properties are controlled by adjusting feed ratios of D-lactide (DLA) and PG. The materials are blended with commercial linear poly(L-lactide) (l-PLLA) to form a stereocomplex structure. Effects of mbPDLAs structures and l-PLLA/mbPDLA ratios on the blends' thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties are evaluated. Mechanical properties of the stereocomplex blends, especially elongation at break and toughness, are dependent on the blend compositions, in which a 90:10 ratio exhibits the most desirable properties. The material also exhibits the lowest complex viscosity, which provides easy processing conditions. This is achieved by the incorporation of copolymers with multi-branched structures and an ability to form a much stronger stereocomplex structure.
Insulin down-regulates insulin receptor substrate-2 expression through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway (2003)

Insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and IRS-2 are the major substrates that mediate insulin action. Insulin itself regulates the expression of the IRS protein in the liver, but the underlying mechanisms of IRS-1 and IRS-2 regulation are not fully understood. Here we report that insulin suppressed the expression of both IRS-1 and IRS-2 proteins in Fao hepatoma cells. The decrease in IRS-1 protein occurred via proteasomal degradation without any change in IRS-1 mRNA, whereas the insulin-induced suppression of IRS-2 protein was associated with a parallel decrease in IRS-2 mRNA without changing IRS-2 mRNA half-life. The insulin-induced suppression of IRS-2 mRNA and protein was blocked by the phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase inhibitor, LY294002, but not by the MAP kinase-ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitor, PD098059. Inhibition of Akt by overexpression of dominant-negative Akt also caused complete attenuation of the insulin-induced decrease in IRS-2 protein and partial attenuation of its mRNA down-regulation. Some nuclear proteins bound to the insulin response element (IRE) sequence on the IRS-2 gene in an insulin-dependent manner in vitro, and the binding was also blocked by the PI 3-kinase inhibitor. Reporter gene assay showed that insulin suppressed the activity of both human and rat IRS-2 gene promoters through the IRE in a PI 3-kinase-dependent manner. Our results indicate that insulin regulates IRS-1 and IRS-2 through different mechanisms and that insulin represses IRS-2 gene expression via a PI 3-kinase/Akt pathway.