gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3D volume registration: experiments on tissue phantom and liver (2002)

The fusion of multiple ultrasound scans, taken from different orientations and different times, can enhance interventional procedures and can quantify response to therapy. However, fusion of ultrasound scans requires precision alignment of recognizable fiducial markers. We present the results of volume registration of liver tissue and phantom material to test the accuracy of a semi-automated registration algorithm. Both linear tracking and magnetic "Flock of Birds" (FOE) position sensing are employed to register sequential frames of 2D ultrasound into 3D space. Major vessels and/or interventional probes are utilized as internal fiducial markers for a correlation registration algorithm. US scans were obtained from a volunteer with a known hemangioma, a benign, stable, echogenic liver tumor. Complementary, non-parallel scans were then fused to determine hemangioma co-registration displacement error. The average central displacement error was 4.1 mm. To further test our algorithm, we obtained perpendicular scans of a radio-frequency (RF) ablation probe within a tissue phantom. The volumes were registered and fused successfully, with an average displacement error of 1.1 mm. In conclusion, internal structures such as vessels and interventional probes provide adequate markers for volume fusion, producing misregistration errors less than 7.4 mm.
EFFECT OF JP-5 SULFUR CONTENT ON HOT CORROSION OF SUPERALLOYS IN MARINE ENVIRONMENT (1964)

An exploratory program was undertaken to indicate the effect of test variables on the hot corrosion of turbine blade and turbine nozzle guide vane materials. This information will be used to establish the test procedures for a subsequent statistical study to evaluate the effect of JP-5 sulfur content. This program included an evaluation of the effect of low (0.0002), and high (0. 40 weight per cent) fuel sulfur content at six gas temperatures (1200, 1400, 1600, 1800, 2000, and 2200 F) on metal loss of six superalloys (Udimet 700, Stellite 31, Hastelloy R-235, Haynes Alloy 25, Sierra Metal 200 and Udimet 500) in the presence of 10 ppm 'sea salt' in the combustor air. A cascade test specimen holder was designed and fabricated which permitted simultaneous evaluation of the effect of sulfur on six superalloys. The results obtained showed that (1) fuel sulfur inhibited metal loss at gas temperatures of 1800 F and above and (2) fuel sulfur increased metal loss for some superalloys at 1600 F and below. This reversal may be associated with the presence or absence of solid sodium sulfate (freezing point of 1623 F) and a future program should include one temperature below this point.
ChemInform Abstract: Conjugate Addition of Alcohols (II), (V) to Alkynylalkoxycarbene Metal (Cr, W) Complexes (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Sol‐gel polycondensation kinetic modeling: Methylethoxysilanes (1998)

Abstract Quantitative kinetic modeling of the condensation of methylethoxysilanes {(CH 3 ) 4‐ f Si(OC 2 H 5 ) f } of varying functionality ( f ) is needed to engineer inorganic polymers, resins, and ceramics. To that end, a kinetic model that accounts for hydrolysis pseudoequilibrium, nearest‐neighbor substitution effects, and unimolecular cyclization reactions in homogeneous ethoxysilane polycondensation is presented. Condensation rate parameters are determined by fitting to 29 Si NMR transients. Several important features become evident: (1) the success of the hydrolysis pseudoequilibrium approximation; (2) strong negative substitution effects with unusual dependence on connectivity; (3) a strong kinetic tendency for ring formation, growing with methyl substitution; (4) acceleration of condensation upon methyl substitution; and (5) destabilization of three silicon rings by methyl substitution. The first three observations are consistent with previous findings for ethylethoxysilanes, but the last two are strikingly different.
OF.CPP (2013)

This paper demonstrates a new class of bugs that is likely to occur in enterprise OpenFlow deployments. In particular, step-by-step, reactive establishment of paths can cause network-wide inconsistencies or performance- and space-related inefficiencies. The cause for this behavior is inconsistent packet processing: as the packets travel through the network they do not encounter consistent state at the OpenFlow controller. To mitigate this problem, we propose to use transactional semantics at the controller to achieve consistent packet processing. We detail the challenges in achieving this goal (including the inability to directly apply database techniques), as well as a potentially promising approach. In particular, we envision the use of multi-commit transactions that could provide the necessary serialization and isolation properties without excessively reducing network performance.
Hardness Results on Local Multiple Alignment of Biological Sequences (2007)

This paper studies the local multiple alignment problem, which is, given protein or DNA sequences, to locate a region (i.e., a substring) of fixed length from each sequence so that the score determined from the set of regions is optimized. We consider the following scoring schemes: the relative entropy score (i.e., average information content), the sum-of-pairs score and a relative entropy-like score introduced by Li, et al. We prove that multiple local alignment is NP-hard under each of these scoring schemes. In particular, we prove that multiple local alignment is APX-hard under relative entropy scoring. It implies that unless P =NP there is no polynomial time algorithm whose worst case approximation error can be arbitrarily specified(precisely, a polynomial time approximation scheme). Several related theoretical results are also provided.
Development of a low cost 3D optical compliant tactile force sensor (2011)

This paper presents a new and low cost 3D optical compliant tactile sensor that is capable of measuring a three-axial directional force component as well as an incipient slip. The tactile sensor is composed of a hollow compliant convex surface made of silicon rubber placed on a three photodiode and an infra LED based sensor array arranged in a reflective configuration. Any force applied onto the convex surface will cause a deformation that will change the reflected amount of light to the photodiodes causing their output to change according to the applied force vector. Due to the optical method of measurement, the proposed sensor offers a highly dynamic sensory range, low noise, and high speed operation (kHz range). Experimental results demonstrate accurate contact point, force magnitude and force incidence angle detection.
Assessment of the aging level of rejuvenated hot mixed asphalt concrete pavements (2016)

The efficacy of asphalt rejuvenator on restoring the properties of oxidatively aged asphalt was tested via a non-collinear ultrasonic subsurface wave mixing technique modified for field use. Longitudinal transducers were mounted on angle wedges to generate subsurface dilatational waves to allow for pavement evaluation when there is only access to one side. Because in the field the asphalt concrete (AC) pavement properties (i.e., ultrasonic velocities and attenuations) are unknown, a pre-determined fixed incident angle (based on the AC mixture type) was used, which allows for practical implementation in the field. Oxidative aged AC specimens were coated with rejuvenator (10% by weight of the binder) and left to dwell for varying amounts of time. Once the dwell time reached the desired amount, the specimen was immediately ultrasonically tested. The frequency ratio, f<sub>2</sub>/f<sub>1</sub>, at which the interaction took place and the normalized nonlinear wave generation parameter, β/β<sub>0</sub>, were recorded and compared against a reference plot. It was observed that the rejuvenator had the effect of restoring the nonlinear properties to those corresponding to a virgin sample after a sufficient amount of dwell time. The ability of the rejuvenator to fully penetrate and act on the binder was observed to be dependent on the porosity and aggregate structure, and thus varied for each specimen. As a result, some portions of the binder were restored to a greater extent than others. This non-uniform nature was captured via the nonlinear ultrasonic technique.
Haemophilus influenzae Type b Lipooligosaccharide Induces Meningeal Inflammation (1988)

We evaluated the ability of two Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) components, lipooligosaccharide (LOS) and capsular polysaccharide, to provoke meningeal inflammation in rabbits. Intracisternal inoculation of 2 fg-200 ng of LOS produced a dose-dependent increase in concentrations of white blood cells and protein in cerebrospinal fluid, whereas 4 micrograms of Hib capsular polysaccharide did not provoke meningeal inflammation. Preincubation of LOS with a murine monoclonal antibody to Hib LOS did not reduce the potency of the LOS. Incubation of LOS with polymyxin B (which neutralizes LOS by binding to its lipid A region) and deacylation of the LOS with acyloxyacyl hydrolase (a neutrophil enzyme that removes nonhydroxylated fatty acyl chains from lipid A) reduced meningeal inflammation. We demonstrated that purified Hib LOS induced meningeal inflammation in this model and suggest that the lipid A moiety of Hib LOS is principally responsible for this host response.
Pharmacokinetic properties of indinavir in rat: some limitations of noncompartmental analysis (2009)

The differences in parameter estimations, while being a result of the extended plasma sampling period, which is recommended in noncompartmental analysis, support the priority of applying the compartmental analysis approach in the similar cases with some pre-assumptions, mainly ignoring the final apparent terminal elimination phase(s), very deep tissue, which involves very low drug concentrations.
COAT/Target-Signature Interactions (1975)

Abstract : Target speckle modulation effects have been investigated experimentally using a number of scaled realistic targets with different shapes and surface textures, and analytically using theoretical target signature models (some generated by General Research Corporation (GRC)) in a computer simulation model of a multidither COAT system. The experimental results have shown that maximum contrast ratios of 0.79 can occasionally be obtained, but that the average is much lower. Significant receiver aperture integration effects cause reduction of the contrast ratio. Temporal frequency spectra obtained by rotation of the targets agree with spatial frequency data obtained by fast Fourier transform processing of the target signature data. Preliminary computer simulation results using high contrast ratio speckle data from GRC show degraded COAT system performance. The severity of the degradation has been attributed in part to: (1) unrealistically harsh assumptions in the GRC speckle model including assumption of a point receiver, and an inadequate sampling of the speckle waveform; (2) several discrepancies between the real COAT system and the computer simulation model, especially in the automatic gain control portion of the system. A preliminary adjustment of the COAT simulation model has led to reduced susceptibility to high contrast speckle modulation. In addition, theoretical arguments, corroborated by our experimental results, indicate that such high contrast ratios are not realistic at visible wavelengths.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactions of 1,1‐Diamino‐2,2‐dinitroethylene. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Growth and flowering responses of Easter lily, Lilium longiflorum Thunb., to bulb storage (1967)

The harvest mouse (<i>Micromys minutus</i>) is a small rodent species with a wide range of vertical distribution in Taiwan, extending from the sea level to 3100 m altitude. This species has recently suffered from habitat loss in high-altitude areas due to orchard cultivation, which may have resulted in mouse migration from high to low altitude. To investigate whether there is any physiological mechanism involved in altitude acclimation, rat cDNA microarray was used to compare transcriptomic patterns of the skeletal muscle tissues taken from individuals native to the high-altitude environment and those transferred to the low-altitude captive site. Of the 23,188 genes being analyzed, 47 (33 up-regulated and 14 down-regulated) were found to have differential expression (fold change > 4 or < -4, ANOVA <i>p</i> < 0.05). However, after multiple testing correction with a false discovery rate (FDR), only the result for <i>Tnfrsf12a</i> was found to be statistically significant (fold change = 13, FDR <i>p</i> < 0.05). The result was confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR). The expression of <i>Tnfrsf12a</i> possibly relates to the skeletal muscle biology and thus can be correlated with altitude acclimation. However, finding only one gene transcript with significant alteration suggests that transcriptomic response may not play a major role in high- to low-altitude acclimation in harvest mouse.
Microstructure evolution of Cr2AlC ceramic before and after oxidation induced crack healing (2013)

Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the world. In Argentina, in 2000, 16% of deaths were attributable to tobacco in over 35 years. In Tucuman it exis data on prevalence of, snuff consumption but not on mortality related to smoking. Our objective was to estimate the number of deaths attributable to tobacco smoking, the percentage attributable fraction, the rate of age-adjusted mortality and disability-adjusted life years. A cross-sectional descriptive study of mortality associated with smoking in adults over 35 years in Tucuman was conducted between 2001 and 2010; 19 causes provided by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were grouped in cardiovascular diseases, malignancies and respiratory diseases. In the last decade, from a total of 77 220 deaths documented in Tucuman, 3131 [4.1% (CI 95%: 3.9-4.2)] were attributed to snuff, 77% in men with the highest attributable fraction percentage in the range of 35 to 64 years. Rate age-adjusted mortality ranged from 87.5 in 2001 to 52.1 in 2008. In the first half period cardiovascular diseases predominated, followed by malignancies. On average 3203 years of potential life lost were quantified; where cardiovascular diseases accounted for 55.3%. The percentage of deaths attributable to snuff in Tucuman was lower than that recorded for Argentina. Even though there is anti-tobacco legislation in Tucuman, it is necessary to strengthen it.
Fabrication and Characterization of Silicon FEAs with Focusing Electrode by CMP Process (1997)

We have fabricated silicon FEAs with focusing electrodes by Chemical-MechanicalPolishing (CMP) process. Afer the formation of very sharp tips, the gate electrodes were formed by CMP process. A very high etching selectivity (> lO0:l) between the gate electrode and the gate dielectric was used for preventing the tip $-om etching off during the CMP. The dishing problem during the CMP process of the gate electrode was solved by forming an oxide masking layer on the gate electrode. Afer the formation of the extracting @st) gate electrode, the second electrode for focusing the electron beam was formed. By the CMP process, a clearly cut gate electrode that exactly aligned to the tip was easily obtained. Also, the equipotential contours and electron trajectories for a single emitter that has extracting gate and focusing electrodes were simulated with a two dimensional Jinite element method.
The in Vitro Effect of Various Antibiotics on Trichomonas Vaginalis (1953)

Summary and ConclusionIn vitro culture studies indicate that Thiolutin and its Propionamido-deacetyl derivative inhibit Trichomonas vaginalis in a concentration of 0.2 µg./ml. Netropsin inhibits in 12½ µg./ml., and streptothricin, Rimocidin and fumagillin in a concentration of 25 µg./ml. Terramycin, Neomycin, polymyxin, carbomycin (Magnamycin), polymyxin-terramycin mixture inhibit in a concentration of 125 to 250 µg./ml., while bacitracin and Viomycin are relatively ineffective.
Infrared Spectrum of Pure Fluid Carbon Monoxide (1987)

The infrared fundamental of pure CO is measured at supercritical temperatures between 298 K and 450 K up to a maximum pressure of 267 bar. The experimental IR bandshapes are adequately represented by summing up over the individual lines of the gaseous rotation-vibration spectrum assuming half-widths to be proportional to density. The molar integrated absorptivity is found to be independent of temperature and density which enables direct and precise measurements of CO concentrations in fluid phase equilibria and reactions.
The sound of silence: guessing games for saving energy in mobile environment (1999)

This paper explores efficient discrete coding techniques that are motivated by the time/energy tradeoff in message transmission between mobile hosts and mobile support stations. Three algorithms are suggested two of which use guessing games in which the mobile support station guesses the message to be transmitted by the mobile host and receives approving signal for successful guess from the mobile host. The first algorithm is designed to achieve the smallest expected amount of energy while obeying a time bound for message transmissions. The second algorithm achieves the shortest expected transmission time while obeying a bound on the energy. This algorithm uses dynamic programming to construct an optimal tree for the guessing game. The third algorithm uses a different approach, approach that is based on the Lempel-Ziv (1978) compression algorithm. The time energy tradeoff is controlled by the choice of the length of the codes used to encode strings in the dictionary. The theoretical results obtained are not tied to mobile computing and are of independent interest.
Crystal structure of diisonicotinatotetraaquamanganese(II), [Mn(C5H4NCOO)2(H2O)4] (2000)

Ci2Hi6MnN 2 0 8 , triclinic, PI (No. 2), a = 6.3973(6) , b = 6.941(1) , = 9.336(1) , = 95.527(6),
C-Terminal deletions in antagonistic analogs of vasopressin that improve their specificities for antidiuretic (V2) and vasopressor (V1) receptors (1987)

We report the solid-phase synthesis of 12 desGly and 12 desGly(NH2) analogues of arginine-vasopressin (AVP), two highly selective antidiuretic (V2) agonists, four vasopressor (V1) antagonists, and five V2/V1 antagonists. The parent AVP agonists are (1) AVP, (2) 1-deamino[8-D-arginine]vasopressin (dDAVP), and (3) its 4-valine analogue, dVDAVP. The parent V1 antagonists are (4) [1-(beta-mercapto-beta,beta-pentamethylenepropionic acid)] arginine-vasopressin (d(CH2)5AVP), (5) d(CH2)5VDAVP, (6) [1-deaminopenicillamine,4-valine,8-D-arginine]vasopressin (dPVDAVP), and (7) d(CH2)5[Tyr(Me)]AVP. The parent V2/V1 antagonists are (8) d(CH2)5[D-Phe2,Ile4]AVP, (9) d(CH2)5[D-Phe2]VAVP, (10) d(CH2)5[D-Tyr(Et)2]VAVP, (11) d(CH2)5[Tyr(Et2]VAVP, and (12) d(CH2)5[D-Ile2,Ile4]AVP. All 24 analogues were tested for agonistic and antagonistic activities in in vivo rat vasopressor and rat antidiuretic assays. The desGly and desGly(NH2) analogues of 1-3 are either weak partial agonists or weak antagonists of the V1 responses to AVP. Except for desGly(NH2)AVP, which is a weak V2 agonist, the remaining desGly and desGly(NH2) analogues of 1-3 exhibit substantial V2 agonism and are thus highly selective V2 agonists. With antidiuretic activity of 321 units/mg, a resynthesized desGly(NH2)dVDAVP is equipotent with AVP as a V2 agonist. Thus our previously stated conclusion about the need for C-terminal CONH2 for V2 agonism is no longer valid. The four pairs of desGly/desGly(NH2) analogues of the V1 antagonists (4-7) all retained varying degrees of V1 antagonism and some exhibited striking enhancements in anti-V1/V2 selectivity. Thus the desGly/desGly(NH2) analogues of d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP are highly potent V1 antagonists/weak V2 antagonists with anti-V1/V2 selectivities of 200 and 1200, respectively. The four pairs of desGly/desGly(NH2) analogues of the V2/V1 antagonists (8-11) exhibited enhancements, full retention, or slight diminishment of both V1 and V2 antagonism, with the desGly analogue being usually the more potent of each pair. The desGly and desGly(NH2) analogues of d(CH2)5[D-Ile2,Ile4]AVP (12) exhibited anti-V2/V1 selectivities of 46 and about 440, respectively. These are the most selective V2 antagonists reported to date. Many of these analogues could serve as useful pharmacological tools in studies on the roles of AVP in normal and pathophysiological circumstances.
Functional polymorphisms of macrophage migration inhibitory factor as predictors of morbidity and mortality of pneumococcal meningitis (2016)

Pneumococcal meningitis is the most frequent and critical type of bacterial meningitis. Because cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis, we examined whether functional polymorphisms of the proinflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) were associated with morbidity and mortality of pneumococcal meningitis. Two functional MIF promoter polymorphisms, a microsatellite (-794 CATT5-8; rs5844572) and a single-nucleotide polymorphism (-173 G/C; rs755622) were genotyped in a prospective, nationwide cohort of 405 patients with pneumococcal meningitis and in 329 controls matched for age, gender, and ethnicity. Carriages of the CATT7 and -173 C high-expression MIF alleles were associated with unfavorable outcome (P= 0.005 and 0.003) and death (P= 0.03 and 0.01). In a multivariate logistic regression model, shock [odds ratio (OR) 26.0, P= 0.02] and carriage of the CATT7 allele (OR 5.12,P= 0.04) were the main predictors of mortality. MIF levels in the cerebrospinal fluid were associated with systemic complications and death (P= 0.0002). Streptococcus pneumoniae strongly up-regulated MIF production in whole blood and transcription activity of high-expression MIF promoter Luciferase reporter constructs in THP-1 monocytes. Consistent with these findings, treatment with anti-MIF immunoglogulin G (IgG) antibodies reduced bacterial loads and improved survival in a mouse model of pneumococcal pneumonia and sepsis. The present study provides strong evidence that carriage of high-expression MIF alleles is a genetic marker of morbidity and mortality of pneumococcal meningitis and also suggests a potential role for MIF as a target of immune-modulating adjunctive therapy.