gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced anaerobic bioremediation of chlorinated solvents: environmental factors influencing microbial activity and their relevance under field conditions (2006)

Abstract Enhanced in situ anaerobic bioremediation of chlorinated solvents is a cost‐effective, expanding technology for the clean‐up of chlorinated solvent‐contaminated sites. However, this technology is knowledge‐intensive and its application requires a thorough understanding of the microbiology, ecology, hydrology and geochemistry of chlorinated solvent‐contaminated aquifers. This review summarises current knowledge and future perspectives in the area of microbial anaerobic dechlorination of chlorinated solvents, particularly chloroethenes. Main attention is paid to the discussion of environmental factors and conditions that influence microbial activity under field conditions. Approaches to stimulate and manipulate the activity of native dechlorinating populations in order to meet target remediation goals for both plume management and source treatment are reviewed in detail. Possible research efforts needed to increase the likelihood of success of this technology are finally presented. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Some Chemistry in the Li / SOCl2 Cell (1980)

Cyclic voltammetry and constant current electrolysis studies of solutions showed that , , , , and are produced as oxidation products. Mechanisms of oxidation reactions are proposed to explain the formation of these products. Forced overdischarge of cathode limited cells produces which reacts with present in the cell to form . Materials formed in anode limited cells during forced overdischarge include , , , , , and a substance with infrared absorption at 1070 cm−1. "Charging" of cells involves regenerative processes so that only small amounts of products accumulate in the cell.
Nano-Tribology of Discrete Track Recording Media (2014)

Experimental and numerical methods were used to investigate the flyability of magnetic recording sliders on discrete track recording media. Experiment techniques were developed to study the hysteresis of "touch-down" and "take-off" of magnetic recording sliders on discrete track recording media. The slider dynamics on discrete track recording media was compared with that on conventional smooth (flat) media. Various experimental methods were used to study the contact behavior, wear characteristics and tribological characteristics of discrete recording media. Advantages and disadvantages of discrete track recording media were investigated and compared with conventional smooth media. To improve flyability and mechanical properties of discrete track recording media, planarization of discrete track media was employed
<i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> : Colonial Morphology of Rectal Isolates (1972)

Four principal colony types of gonococci have been previously described, and it has been shown that primary isolates from the urethra and cervix are primarily of colony types 1 and 2. In the present work, gonococcal isolates from the rectum were also shown to be predominantly colony types 1 and 2. Visualization and typing of gonococcal colonies in primary rectal isolates were facilitated by the use of medium containing vancomycin, colistin, nystatin, and, in some cases, trimethoprim lactate. Control experiments showed that these agents sometimes caused minor alterations in colonial morphology; but with knowledge of these alterations satisfactory colonial typing could be made.
Pharmacokinetics and dose proportionality of beclomethasone from three strengths of a CFC-free beclomethasone dipropionate metered-dose inhaler (1997)

As part of a development program to offer alternatives to chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) containing metered-dose inhalers, beclomethasone dipropionate has been formulated in a CFC-free system at three strengths: 50, 100, and 200 micrograms/actuation ex valve. To measure serum levels and dose proportionality of the beclomethasone derived from beclomethasone dipropionate, 13 mild to moderate asthmatic patients received a single dose of eight inhalations from each strength according to a double-blind crossover design. Seven patients were studied over 4 h and six patients over 12 h. For the total doses of 400, 800, and 1600 micrograms studied over 12 h, Cmax and AUC increased in a ratio of 1:1.8:3.1. A good correlation was seen between the fine-particle mass delivered and the in vivo performance of the three strengths. From a clinical point of view, the predictable increases in serum levels with an increase in dose will permit the clinician to effectively titrate a patient with this product.
The effect of dihydroxypropyl theophylline on the solubility and stability of menadione (vitamin K3). (1977)

The effect of dihydroxypropyl theophylline on the solubility and stability of menadione was investigated. An increase of about 4-fold in the solubility of menadione with 0.1 m dihydroxypropyl theophylline was observed at 30 degrees C. Thermodynamic paremeters were calculated by conducting the experiments at different temperatures. The rate of base-catalyzed degradation of menadione in the presence and absence of dihydroxypropyl theophylline was found to be first order with respect to the vitamin at all conditions of pH, temperature and concentration. Dihydroxypropyl theophylline leads to an accelerated rate of decomposition of the drug at relatively high pH values. This adverse effect decreases considerably as the pH of the solution approaches neutrality. At pH = 7.5, dihydroxypropyl theophylline exerts a rather stabilizing effect on menadione solution. The enhancement of the rate of base-catalyzed degradation is directly proportional to the concentration of dehydroxypropyl theophylline at pH = 9.2. The base-catalyzed degradation of menadione in the absence and presence of dihydroxypropyl theophylline follows Arrhenius' equation for the thermal activation of molecules. No noticeable variation in the energy of activation of both systems was detected. The addition of 4% dihydroxypropyl theophylline to menadione solution nearly completely suppressed the aerobic photodegradation of menadione.
I. Mitt.: Optisch aktives 4.5.6.7-Dibenzo-1.2-dithiacyclooctadien (1967)

Die Darstellung des im Titel genannten cyclischen Disulfids (V), die PMR-spektroskopische Abschätzung der Konformationsstabilität, die partielle Racematspaltung an der „Cellulose-2 1 / 2 -acetat“-Säule und die Gewinnung der optisch reinen Enantiomeren werden beschrieben. V ist das erste optisch stabile unsubstituierte Biphenylderivat mit 4-gliedriger nichtolefinischer 2.2′-Brücke.
Semi-supervised bootstrapping approach for neural network feature extractor training (2013)

This paper presents bootstrapping approach for neural network training. The neural networks serve as bottle-neck feature extractor for subsequent GMM-HMM recognizer. The recognizer is also used for transcription and confidence assignment of untranscribed data. Based on the confidence, segments are selected and mixed with supervised data and new NNs are trained. With this approach, it is possible to recover 40–55% of the difference between partially and fully transcribed data (3 to 5% absolute improvement over NN trained on supervised data only). Using 70–85% of automatically transcribed segments with the highest confidence was found optimal to achieve this result.
Prevalence and characteristics of opioid use in the US adult population (2008)

This report describes the prevalence of opioid use in the US adult population, overall and in subgroups, the characteristics of opioid use, and concomitant medication use among opioid users. Data were obtained from the Slone Survey, a population-based random-digit dialing survey. One household member was randomly selected to answer a series of questions regarding all medications taken during the previous week. There were 19,150 subjects aged > or = 18 interviewed from 1998 to 2006. Opioids were used 'regularly' ( > or = 5 days per week for > or = 4 weeks) by 2.0%; an additional 2.9% used opioids less frequently. Regular opioid use increased with age, decreased with education level, and was more common in females and in non-Hispanic whites. The prevalence of regular opioid use increased over time and was highest in the South Central region. Nearly one-fifth of regular users had been taking opioids for > or = 5 years. Concomitant use of > or = 10 non-opioid medications was reported by 21% of regular opioid users compared to 4.5% of subjects who did not use opioids. Regular opioid users were more likely to use stool softeners/laxatives (9% vs. 2%), proton pump inhibitors (25% vs. 8%), and antidepressants (35% vs. 10%). From this nationally-representative telephone survey, we estimate that over 4.3 million US adults are taking opioids regularly in any given week. Information on the prevalence and characteristics of use is important as opioids are one of the most widely prescribed classes of drugs in the US.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 2‐ARYL‐3‐ARYLSULFONYL‐6‐METHYLCHROMONES AS PCA INHIBITORS (1983)

Abstract Aus den Phenacylehloriden (I) und den Thiophenolen (II) werden die Thioether (IIIa) hergestellt, die zu den Sulfonen (IIIb) oxidiert werden.
A conceptual change approach to staff development: A model for programme design (2000)

With the rapid expansion in tertiary education in the past decade, coupled with the rising emphasis on accountability, teaching quality has become an important issue in higher education worldwide. The increasing emphasis on quality has placed new demands on staff development, in particular to find promising models and methodologies that will guide development approaches. The paper describes an innovative approach to staff development that was synthesized from four theories about conceptual change or change in general. This conceptual change approach is based on the hypothesis that changing teachers' conceptions of teaching towards more elaborated levels will bring about improvement in their teaching practices. A short course derived from this model is outlined.
Screening for trisomy 21 in twins using first trimester ultrasound and maternal serum biochemistry in a one‐stop clinic: a review of three years experience (2003)

First trimester screening for trisomy 21 in twin pregnancies is both theoretically possible and practically achievable using a combination of nuchal translucency thickness and maternal serum biochemistry. However, dilemmas for the mother and health professionals when both nuchal translucency thickness measurements are normal might suggest that greater reliance be placed on the nuchal translucency thickness risk alone when counselling women about invasive testing.
Isolation of rat liver lysosomes by isopycnic centrifugation in a metrizamide gradient. (1978)

A preparation, similar to the light mitochondrial fraction of rat liver (L fraction of de Duve et al, (1955, Biochem. J. 60: 604-617), was subfractionated by isopycnic centrifugation in a metrizamide gradient and the distribution of several marker enzymes was established. The granules were layered at the top or bottom of the gradient. In both cases, as ascertained by the enzyme distributions, the lysosomes are well separated from the peroxisomes. A good separation from mitochondria is obtained only when the L fraction if set down underneath the gradient. Taking into account the analytical centrifugation results, a procedure was devised to purify lysosomes from several grams of liver by centrifugation of an L fraction in a discontinuous metrizamide gradient. By this method, a fraction containing 10--12% of the whole liver lysosomes can be prepared. As inferred from the relative specific activity of marker enzymes, it can be estimated that lysosomes are purified between 66 and 80 times in this fraction. As ascertained by plasma membrane marker enzyme activity, the main contaminant could be the plasma membrane components. However, cytochemical tests for 5'AMPase and for acid phosphatase suggest that a large part of the plasma membrane marker enzyme activity present in the purified lysosome preparation could be associated with the lysosomal membrane. The procedure for the isolation of rat liver lysosomes described in this paper is compared with the already existing methods.
Serologic studies of naturally occurring feline infectious peritonitis. (1976)

Serum antibodies to the feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus were measured in cats, using an indirect fluorescent antibody procedure. Antibody titers of 1:400 to 1:25,600 were seen in cats with both effusive and noneffusive forms of FIP. About 87% of the normal cats in FIP problem catteries and 20% of the cats in the Davis, Ca, area also had antibody titers to the FIP virus, ranging from 1:25 to 1:400. Although the infection rate is high among cats, relatively few of the cats infected with the FIP virus ever develop clinically apparent FIP.
Principles & Practices for Assigning Grades in Physical Education (1964)

(1964). Principles & Practices for Assigning Grades in Physical Education. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 24-25.
Weighted Rank-One Binary Matrix Factorization (2011)

Mining discrete patterns in binary data is important for many data analysis tasks, such as data sampling, compression, and clustering. An example is that replacing individual records with their patterns would greatly reduce data size and simplify subsequent data analysis tasks. As a straightforward approach, rank-one binary matrix approximation has been actively studied recently for mining discrete patterns from binary data. It factorizes a binary matrix into the multiplication of one binary pattern vector and one binary presence vector, while minimizing mismatching entries. However, this approach suffers from two serious problems. First, if all records are replaced with their respective patterns, the noise could make as much as 50% in the resulting approximate data. This is because the approach simply assumes that a pattern is present in a record as long as their matching entries are more than their mismatching entries. Second, two error types, 1-becoming-0 and 0-becoming-1, are treated evenly, while in many application domains they are discriminated. To address the two issues, we propose weighted rank-one binary matrix approximation. It enables the tradeoff between the accuracy and succinctness in approximate data and allows users to impose their personal preferences on the importance of different error types. The decision problem, however, as proved in the paper is NP-complete. To solve it, several different mathematical programming formulations are provided, from which 2-approximation algorithms are derived for some special cases. An adaptive tabu search heuristic is presented for solving the general problem, and our experimental study shows the effectiveness of the heuristic.
Some bacteriological and chemical effects of Calcium and Magnesium limestones on certain acid Iowa soils (2017)

An investigation was made of the comparative effects of calcium and magnesium limestones applied to Carrington loam, Tama silt loam and Grundy silt loam. These soils are all acid in reaction and have a lime requirement of about 3 tons per acre. They occur extensively in Iowa and are among the better agricultural soils of the state.\nStudies were made of the effects of the limestones on the hydrogen-ion concentration, the lime requirement, the exchangeable hydrogen, calcium and magnesium and on the degree of saturation of the exchange complex with bases. Studies were also made of the nitrate content and the nitrifying power of these soils as influenced by the two limestones, and of the yields of wheat and red clover on the Carrington loam and the Tama silt loam treated with the two limestones.\nThe data obtained indicate that the calcium limestone reacted somewhat more rapidly with the soil acids than the magnesium limestone. It reduced the acidity more and stimulated a greater production of nitrates in the soil during the first few weeks after the limestones were applied. This advantage of the calcium limestone was apparently overcome by the magnesium limestone rather quickly and after 8 to 12 weeks there was no apparent difference in the effects of the two limestones on any of the chemical or bacteriological characteristics of the soils studied. Neither limestone was superior in its effects on the yields of wheat and clover.\nIt is concluded from these experiments that in agricultural practice either limestone may be used to advantage to correct the acidity of soils, their long-time effects being practically identical.
Probabilistic fire risk analysis / Probabilistische Brandschutzanalyse (1995)

The evaluation of the risk associated with fires in nuclear power plants has attracted considerable attention in the last few years. Detailed safety assessments have shown that the consequences of fires can be significant. Methodologies considering fire in probabilistic safety analyses have been developed such that a probabilistic fire risk analysis can serve as an additional tool for the safety assessment of a nuclear power plant. An approach which is being developed for the nuclear power plants in Germany is presented in some detail. Major steps of this approach are the qualitative screening process to identify critical fire zones and the quantitative event tree analysis to assess fire caused frequencies of initiating events and core damage states
Sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate and sodium nitrite as silage additives (2009)

Abstract BACKGROUND: The hygienic quality of silage is important for animal health, animal production and food quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of five silage additive mixtures on yeast, mould, and clostridia growth and other silage quality criteria. The additives, composed of sodium nitrite, sodium benzoate and/or potassium sorbate, were used to treat a grass forage crop before ensiling. The silages were compared with untreated silage and silages treated with two commercial additives: Promyr NF (PNF), which is based on formic and propionic acid, and Kofasil Ultra (KU), a mixture of sodium nitrite, sodium benzoate, sodium propionate and hexamine. RESULTS: All tested additives significantly ( P < 0.001) reduced butyric acid and ammonia‐N formation in low‐dry‐matter (DM) silages compared to the control. Only KU and the mixtures of 600 g sodium nitrite, 250 g sodium propionate, 750 g sodium benzoate (A1) and 250 g sodium nitrite with 1000 g sodium benzoate and 500 g potassium sorbate (A5) ton −1 of fresh forage were found to reduce ( P < 0.001) the presence of clostridia spores in low‐DM silages. In high‐DM silages, treatments A1, A5 and A2 (250 g sodium nitrite and 1000 g sodium benzoate) contained less ( P < 0.02) yeast than the control and PNF, but not KU. All treated silages were aerobically stable. The concentrations of nitrate‐N in all silages and nitrite‐N in low‐DM were below the threshold level for feed at the end of storage. CONCLUSIONS: The additive mixtures A1 and particularly A5 improved silage quality at least to the same extent as commercial products, even though they contained no hexamine and less nitrite. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Hypercortisolemia Is Associated with Severity of Bone Loss and Depression in Hypothalamic Amenorrhea and Anorexia Nervosa (2009)

Hypercortisolemia is a potential mediator of bone loss and mood disturbance in these disorders.
Evaluation of a novel commercial ground beef production system using a chlorinated nanobubble antimicrobial technology to control Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. surrogates (2016)

This project is supported by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Grant No. 2012-68003-30155 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Prevention, Detection and Control of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) from Pre-Harvest Through Consumption of Beef Products Program – A4101.
• Charles Edward Horsley (2003)

Abstract Although Felix Mendelssohn was not an enthusiastic teacher, he appeared to be successful in stimulating and guiding the composition and performance studies of his pupils. He always encouraged talented musicians to strive for self-development and derived satisfaction from their progress. It is not clear when Mendelssohn first began to teach private students in either composition or piano playing, but there is evidence that he was willing and able to offer critical guidance in composition even at a very young age. Whether he was criticizing a symphony that the twenty-year-old Wilhelm von Boguslawski had sent him or giving a weekly piano lesson to his cousin Arnold Mendelssohn, Mendelssohn had the ability to inspire confidence. Another student was Charles Edward Horsley, a young English musician who studied with Moritz Hauptmann in Kassel before going to Leipzig early in 1841 to join Mendelssohn's circle.
Lead free solder joint reliability characterization for PBGA, PQFP and TSSOP assemblies (2005)

In this study, thermal cycling test from -40/spl deg/C to 125/spl deg/C with 1 hour per cycle for Sn/sub -3.8/Ag/sub -0.7/Cu solder joint electronic assemblies was conducted for PBGA316, PQFP208, PQFP176, and TSSOP48 components. Two PCB surface finish conditions were investigated for ENIG and OSP. Daisy chain, in-situ resistance monitoring with data logger, was used for failure detection when the resistance value is larger than 300/spl Omega/. A two-parameter Weibull distribution model was used to determine the mean time to failure (MTTF) for different components. The Weibull parameters such as characteristic life and slope are compared for PBGA assembly with Ni/Au and OSP surface finishes. Microscopy was used to determine the crack path and failure mode. It was shown that components with Ni/Au surface finish have higher thermal fatigue life than those with OSP surface finish. PBGA solder joints are more sensitive to thermal fatigue failure than solder joints in PQFP and TSSOP components. More failures occur at the package side than board side for PBGA assembly. Fatigue life prediction was conducted using fatigue life prediction model and FEA analysis results for different component types. Quarter model with submodeling technique was used in FEA simulation due to symmetric geometry and uniform loading for PBGA, PQFP and TSSOP assemblies. Effect of solder joint location on fatigue life was studied based on FEA result for different assemblies. It was shown that test and predicted fatigue life results have a good agreement for different component types.
Zebrafish as a Model Vertebrate for Investigating Chemical Toxicity (2005)

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been a prominent model vertebrate in a variety of biological disciplines. Substantial information gathered from developmental and genetic research, together with near-completion of the zebrafish genome project, has placed zebrafish in an attractive position for use as a toxicological model. Although still in its infancy, there is a clear potential for zebrafish to provide valuable new insights into chemical toxicity, drug discovery, and human disease using recent advances in forward and reverse genetic techniques coupled with large-scale, high-throughput screening. Here we present an overview of the rapidly increasing use of zebrafish in toxicology. Advantages of the zebrafish both in identifying endpoints of toxicity and in elucidating mechanisms of toxicity are highlighted.