gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Poly(D,L-lactide/∊-Caprolactone)/Hydroxyapatite Composites as Bone Filler: An in Vivo Study in Rats (2002)

In this study, a novel composite bone substitute was implanted in animal models (rats) and their in vivo characteristics were examined. A D,L-lactide and E-caprolactone copolymer (Mw: 80,000; Mn:40,000, and PI:2.00) was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of the respective dimers using stannous octoate as the catalyst. The final ratio of D,L-lactide to epsilon-caprolactone obtained by 1NMR was 60/40. Hydroxyapatite (HA) powder was loaded in the copolymer. The HA/copolymer ratio was 60/40 (w/w). These composites were easily shaped by hand. Animal tests were performed on mature wistar rats (n=30). Defects were created on the proximal, the thickest part of the femur. The bone defects of the first group were filled with polymer/HA composite, the second group filled with only HA and the third group was left empty. Histologic examination of bone tissues showed new bone formation around the yellow-green polymer/HA composite material in the first group of animals whereas no evidence of new bone growth was observed in other groups.
The Modified Martempering and its Effect on the Impact Toughness of a Cold Work Tool Steel (2011)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The so-called Modified Martempering discussed in this work differs from the standard martempering by that the temperature of the quenching bath is below the Ms point. In spite of the fact the lower temperature increases the severity of quenching, this also usually avoids the bainite formation, and by this reason, it is possible to make a fair comparison between different processes, which result in different microstructures. The present study shows the results in terms of mechanical properties, impact resistance in special of a cold work tool steel class, after being heat treated by the isothermal modified martempering process, as well as a comparison with the conventional quenching and tempering process and the austempering as well. A study to understand the bainitic microstructural transformation evolution has also been accomplished, gradually increasing the time of permanence in the bainitic transformation zone, verifying the gradual increase of the bainite fraction until the total transformation. At the end, microhardness and impact tests have been performed even in the austempering, modified martempering and tempered, and quenching and tempered samples, making possible to check the interaction between microstructure and impact toughness at the same hardness range.</div></div>
Compression of helium to high pressures and temperatures using a ballistic piston apparatus (1971)

Some preliminary experiments are described which were carried out in a high enthalpy laboratory to investigate the compression of helium, a typical shock-tube driver gas, to very high pressures and temperatures by means of a ballistic piston. The purpose of these measurements was to identify any problem areas in the compression process, to determine the importance of real gas effects duDC 47355s process, and to establish the feasibility of using a ballistic piston apparatus to achieve temperatures in helium in excess of 10,000 K.
A Comparative Study of Lactogenic Hormone Binding Sites in the Adrenal Gland, Ovary and Kidney of the Lactating Cow (1987)

The specific binding of 125I-oPRL to microsomal fractions from the adrenal gland, ovary and kidney of the lactating cow was significantly lower than binding of iodinated hGH. In addition, the ability of oPRL to compete with iodinated hGH as compared to hGH, was 50-fold lower in the adrenal gland 35-fold lower in the ovary and 18-fold lower in the kidney. These results are similar to those obtained in the mammary gland and liver, whereas the ability of oPRL to compete with iodinated hGH was 90-fold lower, as compared to hGH. In the kidney the difference between the binding of iodinated hGH and iodinated oPRL was smaller. Results obtained with a solubilized kidney microsomal fraction also show a slightly higher affinity for oPRL than in other tissues. Thus the phenomena of differential affinities of oPRL and hGH to lactogenic hormone binding sites, characterizes most lactogenic hormone target tissues in the lactating cow. The distribution of these sites in different parts of the tissues was also studied. In the adrenal gland, the binding capacity in the cortex was 8-fold higher than in the medulla. In the ovary most of the binding sites were found in the corpus luteum, while in the kidney the binding capacity was higher in the cortex as compared to the medulla.
Server location in mobile computing (2002)

Mobile computing will continue to widen as the world of computing increasingly becomes the world of access to network services and resources. We study the problem of given a network comprised of users (in our case mobile) and a set of servers that provide a service, we are interested in finding an association between users and servers that minimizes the cost to access the servers in the network. We present the mathematical formulation of this problem and a user mobility model that is used to perform some experiments. This is a initial step towards studying this problem that will be very important in a mobile setting.
The metal-binding activity of conalbumin. (1950)

The object of the investigation reported here was to obtain some insight into the mode of specific binding of iron by conalbumin. To this end the protein was modified in a variety of ways by denaturing treatments or chemical reactions, and the iron- binding activities of the intact and modified proteins were studied by chemical and microbiological assays. The activity was found dependent upon the integrity of the protein molecule and involves most of the reactive groups. As has been found with siderophilin, conalbumin was found to bind copper in a similar but more labile manner than iron.
0.1-μm p/sup +/-GaAs gate HJFET's fabricated using two-step dry-etching and selective MOMBE growth techniques (1998)

This paper reports the first successful fabrication of high-performance, 0.1-/spl mu/m p/sup +/-gate pseudomorphic heterojunction-FET's (HJFET's). By introducing the two-step dry-etching technique which compensates for the poor dry-etching resistance of PMMA, 0.1-/spl mu/m or less gate-openings with a high aspect-ratio of 3.5 in SiO/sub 2/ film are achieved. In addition, by using the gate electrode filling technique with selective MOMBE p/sup +/-GaAs growth, 0.1-/spl mu/m voidless p/sup +/-GaAs gate electrodes with a high aspect-ratio are achieved for the first time. The fabrication technology leads to a reduction of external gate fringing capacitance (Ce/sup ext//sub f/) in a T-shaped gate-structure and an improvement in gate turn-on voltage. The fabricated 0.1-/spl mu/m, T-shaped, p/sup +/-gate n-Al/sub 0.2/Ga/sub 0.8/As/In/sub 0.25/Ga/sub 0.75/As HJFET exhibits a high gate turn-on voltage (V/sub f/) of about 0.9 V, and a good gm/sub max/ of 435 mS/mm. Also, an excellent microwave performance of f/sub T/=121 GHz and f/sub max/=144 GHz is achieved due to the C/sup ext//sub f/ reduction. The technology and device show great promise for future high-speed applications, such as in power devices, MMIC's, and digital IC's.
Preoperative assessment of microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma (2017)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide.<sup>1</sup> Resection or liver transplantation may be curative in patients with early-stage HCC but early recurrence is common.<sup>2, 3</sup> Microvascular invasion (MVI) is one of the most important predictors of early recurrence.<sup>3</sup> The identification of MVI prior to surgery would optimally select patients for potentially curative resection or liver transplant. However, MVI can only be diagnosed by microscopic assessment of the resected tumor. The aim of the present study is to apply CT-based texture analysis to identify pre-operative imaging predictors of MVI in patients with HCC. Texture features are derived from CT and analyzed individually as well as in combination, to evaluate their ability to predict MVI. A two-stage classification is employed: HCC tumors are automatically categorized into uniform or heterogenous groups followed by classification into the presence or absence of MVI. We achieve an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.76 and accuracy of 76.7% for uniform lesions and AUC of 0.79 and accuracy of 74.06% for heterogeneous tumors. These results suggest that MVI can be accurately and objectively predicted from preoperative CT scans.
Susceptibility of Anaerobes in Phase 3 Clinical Studies of Piperacillin/Tazobactam (1993)

Journal Article Susceptibility of Anaerobes in Phase 3 Clinical Studies of Piperacillin/Tazobactam Get access N. V. Jacobus, N. V. Jacobus From the Medical Research Division, American Cyanamid Company, Lederle Laboratories, Pearl River, New York Reprints or correspondence: Nilda V. Jacobus, Medical Research Division, American Cyanamid Company, Lederle Laboratories (200/3301A), Pearl River, New York 10965. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar F. W. Immermann, F. W. Immermann From the Medical Research Division, American Cyanamid Company, Lederle Laboratories, Pearl River, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. M. Gupte, J. M. Gupte From the Medical Research Division, American Cyanamid Company, Lederle Laboratories, Pearl River, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. T. Testa R. T. Testa From the Medical Research Division, American Cyanamid Company, Lederle Laboratories, Pearl River, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 16, Issue Supplement_4, June 1993, Pages S344–S348, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/16.Supplement_4.S344 Published: 01 June 1993
On the Electronic Structure of the Carbonyl and the Amide Groups (1952)

Abstract (1) Electronic structures of carbonyl and amide groups were investigated by the use of the molecular orbital method; calculated values of resonance energy and π-electron densities may be regarded as reasonable compared with these which were observed. (2) Near ultraviolet absorption spectra were measured with acetone, acetylchloride, acetic acid, ethyl acetate and N-methylacetamide. As the result of these measurements, it becomes evident that the low intensity absorption band of acetone shifts to the side of shorter wave lengths when the methyl group of acetone is replaced Cl atom or OR and NR2 groups. These results can be explained by the present theoretical consideration if this absorption band is due to the n→π* transition.
Calcium impacts carbon and nitrogen balance in the filamentous cyanobacterium<i>Anabaena</i>sp. PCC 7120 (2016)

Calcium is integral to the perception, communication and adjustment of cellular responses to environmental changes. However, the role of Ca(2+) in fine-tuning cellular responses of wild-type cyanobacteria under favourable growth conditions has not been examined. In this study, extracellular Ca(2+) has been altered, and changes in the whole transcriptome of Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 have been evaluated under conditions replete of carbon and combined nitrogen. Ca(2+) induced differential expression of many genes driving primary cellular metabolism, with transcriptional regulation of carbon- and nitrogen-related processes responding with opposing trends. However, physiological effects of these transcriptional responses on biomass accumulation, biomass composition, and photosynthetic activity over the 24h period following Ca(2+) adjustment were found to be minor. It is well known that intracellular carbon:nitrogen balance is integral to optimal cell growth and that Ca(2+) plays an important role in the response of heterocystous cyanobacteria to combined-nitrogen deprivation. This work adds to the current knowledge by demonstrating a signalling role of Ca(2+) for making sensitive transcriptional adjustments required for optimal growth under non-limiting conditions.
A Numerical Comparison of the Phase Perturbation Technique with the Classical Field Perturbation and Kirchhoff Approximations for Random Rough Surface Scattering (2012)

The classical field perturbation and Kirchhoff approximations can be viewed as low and high frequency solutions to the rough surface scattering problem. The former is accurate for surfaces whose roughness is much smaller than the wavelength of the incident field and the latter for surfaces that have large radii of curvature relative to the incident wavelength. However, there is a need for a solution that applies to surfaces rough on scales comparable to the incident wavelength. Ideally this solution must also reduce to the two classical solutions in the appropriate limits. In this paper we examine the recently-developed phase perturbation technique. We show numerically that for a one-dimensional surface with Gaussian roughness spectrum satisfying Dirichlet boundary conditions the phase perturbation reflection coefficient reduces to that of field perturbation theory for small surface roughness and to that of the Kirchhoff approximation for gently undulating surfaces. It is also numerically shown that the p...
Technology requirements for high-power Lithium Lorentz Force accelerators (1997)

Lithium Lorentz Force Accelerators (LFA’s) are capable of processing very high power levels and are therefore applicable to a wide range of challenging missions. An analysis of a reusable orbit transfer vehicle with a solar or nuclear electric power source was performed to assess the applicability of high-power LFA’s to this mission and to define engine performance and lifetime goals to help guide the technology development program. For this class of missions, the emphasis must be on achieving high efficiency at an Isp of 4000–5000 s at power levels of 200–250 kWe. The engines must demonstrate very reliable operation for a service life of about 3000 hours. These goals appear to be achievable with engine technologies currently under development.
Comparison of two different synthesis methods of perovskites, SrCo0.5FeO3 type, aiming at evaluating their use as membranes for partial oxidation of methane (2004)

In this work two different synthesis methods of perovskites, SrCo0.5FeO3, were compared: combustion synthesis and oxides mixture aiming at evaluating their use as membranes for partial oxidation of methane. The combustion synthesis method explores an exothermic, generally very fast and self-sustaining chemical reaction between the desired metal salts and a suitable organic fuel, which is ignited at a temperature much lower than the actual phase formation temperature. The oxides mixture are based on a physical mixture of the powder oxides followed by calcination to obtain the desired phase. In order to obtain the membranes, we studied the conformation of bodies and the temperatures of sintering in the two powders synthesized. The powders were analyzed by density and grain size distribution and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After conformation, in cylindrical form, the green bodies were analyzed by density. After sintering at 1150 °C, the membranes were analyzed by density and they were characterized by XRD and SEM. The powder obtained by combustion synthesis shows lower density and fine grains than the other obtained by oxides mixture. The membranes obtained present very different morphology depending on the precursor powder synthesis. The sintered membranes obtained by combustion method also present a very uniform morphology without segregation.
Dispersal of plasmid pJP4 in unsaturated and saturated 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid contaminated soil (2002)

Little is known regarding plasmid fate within contaminated soils. Column studies were used to evaluate dissemination of plasmid pJP4 under unsaturated or saturated flow conditions in a 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) contaminated soil. Columns were destructively sampled following 1 week of percolation to assess the vertical distribution of donors, transconjugants, and 2,4-D concentrations within the soil. In unsaturated soil, pJP4 was detected in both culturable donor and transconjugant cells within soil 10.5 cm from the inoculated end of the column. In saturated soil, no transconjugants were detected; however, donors were found throughout the entire length of the column (30.5 cm). These results suggest that donor transport, particularly in conjunction with plasmid transfer to indigenous recipients, allows for significant dispersal of introduced genes through contaminated soil.
Investigating the Effects of Demographics on Shoulder Morphology and Density Using Statistical Shape and Density Modeling (2020)

A better understanding of how the shape and density of the shoulder vary among members of a population can help design more effective population-based orthopedic implants. The main objective of this study was to develop statistical shape models (SSMs) and statistical density models (SDMs) of the shoulder to describe the main modes of variability in the shape and density distributions of shoulder bones within a population in terms of principal components (PCs). These PC scores were analyzed, and significant correlations were observed between the shape and density distributions of the shoulder and demographics of the population, such as sex and age. Our results demonstrated that when the overall body sizes of male and female donors were matched, males still had, on average, larger scapulae and thicker humeral cortical bones. Moreover, we concluded that age has a weak but significant inverse effect on the density within the entire shoulder. Weak and moderate, but significant, correlations were also found between many modes of shape and density variations in the shoulder. Our results suggested that donors with bigger humeri have bigger scapulae and higher bone density of humeri corresponds with higher bone density in the scapulae. Finally, asymmetry, to some extent, was noted in the shape and density distributions of the contralateral bones of the shoulder. These results can be used to help guide the designs of population-based prosthesis components and pre-operative surgical planning.
Enantioselective Synthesis of (+)‐(<i>S</i>)‐Laudanosine and (–)‐(<i>S</i>)‐Xylopinine (2005)

Abstract The study presents a new pathway for the enantioselective synthesis of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. The key steps of the synthesis of (+)‐( S )‐laudanosine ( 1 ) and (–)‐( S )‐xylopinine ( 2 ) are a Sonogashira coupling that builds up the C1–C8a bond of the benzylisoquinoline skeleton, an intramolecular Ti‐catalyzed hydroamination of an alkyne, and a subsequent enantioselective imine reduction according to Noyori’s protocol. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Biochemical and Chemical Supports for a Transnatal Olfactory Continuity through Sow Maternal Fluids (2005)

Recognition of the mother is of major importance for the survival of mammalian neonates. This recognition is based, immediately after birth, on the detection of odours that have been learned by the fetus in utero. If the ethological basis of a transnatal olfactory continuity is well established, little is known on the nature of its olfactory cues, and nothing about the presence of potential carrier proteins in the maternal fluids such as amniotic fluid, colostrum and milk. We have identified the components of the pig putative maternal pheromone in these fluids of the sow. We also used a ligand-oriented approach to functionally characterize carrier proteins for these compounds in the maternal fluids. Six proteins were identified, using binding assay, immunodetection and peptide mapping by mass spectrometry. These proteins are known to transport hydrophobic ligands in biological fluids. Among them, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) and odorant-binding protein (OBP) have been described in the oral sphere of piglets as being involved in the detection of pig putative maternal pheromone components. These are the first chemical and biochemical data supporting a transnatal olfactory continuity between the fetal and the postnatal environments.
Breakdown characteristics of interconnect dielectrics (2005)

The shrinking of line-to-line spacing in interconnect systems for advanced IC technology and the use of new lower dielectric constant materials create the need for tools to evaluate the interconnect dielectric reliability. A multi-temperature, dual ramp-rate voltage-ramp to breakdown methodology is presented and used here to extract important dielectric breakdown parameters accurately for minimum spaced metal-lines. It is demonstrated that correction for the true minimum line-to-line spacing distributions become critically important and that the minimum spacing can be extracted electrically and compares favorably to electron microscopy cross sections. The spacing-corrected breakdown field distributions, at various temperatures, for the organo-silicate materials tested, indicated a very low apparent zero-field activation energy (0.14/spl plusmn/0.02 eV) and an apparent field acceleration parameter /spl gamma/ = 4.1/spl plusmn/0.3 cm/MV that has little or no temperature dependence. Constant-voltage time-dependent-dielectric-breakdown (TDDB) measurements were found to agree well with these observations.
Impact of factors affecting the residual tumor size diagnosed by MRI following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in comparison to pathology (2013)

The accuracy of MRI in evaluating residual tumor size depends on tumor type, morphology, and biomarker status. The information may be considered in surgical planning for NAC patients.