gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation of an iso-1-cytochrome c-like species containing a covalently bonded heme group from the apoprotein by a yeast cell-free system in the presence of hemin. (1980)

Incubation of the 125I-labeled apoprotein, prepared from 125I-labeled iso-1-cytochrome c, with a yeast mitochondrial fraction in the presence of hemin, NADPH, and an extract of the postmitochondrial fraction at 32 +/- 1 degree C for 30 min has resulted in formation of cytochrome c-like species in yields of up to 35%. This radioactive synthesized species contains a functional group which responds to reduction with ascorbate and oxidation with K3Fe(CN)6 in that it is resistant in the reduced form and susceptible in the oxidized form to trypsin action in a manner characteristic of native cytochrome c. The functional group cannot be removed from the protein by cold HCl-acetone or 8 M urea treatment. The reduced form of the synthesized species exhibits resistance against autoxidation and the oxidized form can be reduced also by cytochrome b2. The synthesized species exhibits the same compact hydrodynamic volume of native cytochrome c. Treatment with silver sulfate followed by incubation with dithiothreitol converts the synthesized species to the original apoprotein as judged by an increase in the hydrodynamic volume. Thus, the synthesized species is indistinguishable from the original labeled iso-1-cytochrome c by these measurements; i.e. the synthesized species consists of the apoprotein to which heme is covalently attached through the thioether bond(s). The active factor of the mitochondrial fraction is heat-labile. The synthetic activity is strongly dependent on pH with a maximum approximately at pH 7.0. Hemin (or heme) appears to be required for this synthesis. The postmitochondrial fraction is inactive by itself. However, its addition markedly increases the synthetic activity. This factor is heat-stable, soluble in 80% methanol (or 75% ethanol), and insoluble in ethyl ether or ethyl acetate. Addition of NADP(H) (or NAD(H)) also increases the synthetic activity, the reduced form being more effective than the oxidized form. The postmitochondrial factor and the pyridine nucleotides appear to enhance the effect of each other. Thus, it seems that cytochrome c or a cytochrome c-like species is formed from the apoprotein and heme (or hemin) by an enzyme, cytochrome c synthetase, present in mitochondria.
Comparison of IF estimation methods for noise robustness (2008)

Non-stationary signal modeling is a well addressed problem in the literature. Many methods have been proposed to model non-stationary signals such as time varying linear prediction and AM-FM modeling, the later being more popular. Estimation techniques to determine the AM-FM components of narrow-band signal, such as Hilbert transform, DESA1, DESA2, auditory processing approach, ZC approach, etc., are prevalent, but their robustness to noise is not clearly addressed in the literature. This is critical for most practical applications, such as in communications. We explore the robustness of different AM-FM estimators in the presence of white Gaussian noise. Also, we have proposed three new methods for IF estimation based on non-uniform samples of the signal and multi-resolution analysis. Experimental results show that ZC based methods give better results than the popular methods such as DESA in clean condition as well as noisy condition.
ChemInform Abstract: General Approach to the Synthesis of Polyquinenes via the Weiss Reaction. Part 6. Progress Toward the Synthesis of Dicyclopentapentalenes. (1988)

Abstract The Weiss reaction is the key step in the synthesis of the tetraquinanes (IX) ‐ (XI).
A thin film polyimide mesh microelectrode for chronic epidural electrocorticography recording with enhanced contactability (2014)

Our results indicate that the mesh PI electrode was flexible and good contact on the curved surface and can record eECoG activity maintaining close contact to dura, which was proved by in vivo and in vitro test.
Dynamics of Anti‐VAR2CSA Immunoglobulin G Response in a Cohort of Senegalese Pregnant Women (2006)

Anti-VAR2CSA IgGs are involved in clinical protection against pregnancy-associated malaria and strengthens the hope for making a VAR2CSA-based vaccine.
Accurate detection of <i>de novo</i> and transmitted INDELs within exome-capture data using micro-assembly (2013)

We present a new open-source algorithm, Scalpel, for sensitive and specific discovery of INDELs in exome-capture data. By combining the power of mapping and assembly, Scalpel carefully searches the de Bruijn graph for sequence paths that span each exon. A detailed repeat analysis coupled with a self-tuning k -mer strategy allows Scalpel to outperform other state-of-the-art approaches for INDEL discovery. We extensively compared Scalpel with a battery of >10000 simulated and >1000 experimentally validated INDELs against two recent algorithms: GATK HaplotypeCaller and SOAPindel. We report anomalies for these tools to detect INDELs in regions containing near-perfect repeats. We also present a large-scale application of Scalpel for detecting de novo and transmitted INDELs in 593 families from the Simons Simplex Collection. Scalpel demonstrates enhanced power to detect long (≥20bp) transmitted events, and strengthens previous reports of enrichment for de novo likely gene-disrupting INDELs in autistic children with many new candidate genes.
R‐wave Amplitude in Lead II of an Electrocardiograph Correlates with Central Hypovolemia in Human Beings (2006)

These results support our hypothesis that reduction of central blood volume in human beings is associated with increased R-wave amplitude in lead II of an ECG.
<i>Short Vegetative Phase</i>-Like MADS-Box Genes Inhibit Floral Meristem Identity in Barley (2006)

Analysis of the functions of Short Vegetative Phase (SVP)-like MADS-box genes in barley (Hordeum vulgare) indicated a role in determining meristem identity. Three SVP-like genes are expressed in vegetative tissues of barley: Barley MADS1 (BM1), BM10, and Vegetative to Reproductive Transition gene 2. These genes are induced by cold but are repressed during floral development. Ectopic expression of BM1 inhibited spike development and caused floral reversion in barley, with florets at the base of the spike replaced by tillers. Head emergence was delayed in plants that ectopically express BM1, primarily by delayed development after the floral transition, but expression levels of the barley VRN1 gene (HvVRN1) were not affected. Ectopic expression of BM10 inhibited spike development and caused partial floral reversion, where florets at the base of the spike were replaced by inflorescence-like structures, but did not affect heading date. Floral reversion occurred more frequently when BM1 and BM10 ectopic expression lines were grown in short-day conditions. BM1 and BM10 also inhibited floral development and caused floral reversion when expressed in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We conclude that SVP-like genes function to suppress floral meristem identity in winter cereals.
Exploring speech therapy games with children on the autism spectrum (2009)

Individuals on the autism spectrum often have difficulties producing intelligible speech with either high or low speech rate, and atypical pitch and/or amplitude affect.In this study, we present a novel intervention towards customizing speech enabled games to help them produce intelligible speech.In this approach, we clinically and computationally identify the areas of speech production difficulties of our participants.We provide an interactive and customized interface for the participants to meaningfully manipulate the prosodic aspects of their speech.Over the course of 12 months, we have conducted several pilots to set up the experimental design, developed a suite of games and audio processing algorithms for prosodic analysis of speech.Preliminary results demonstrate our intervention being engaging and effective for our participants.
Transcriptome Comparison of Global Distinctive Features Between Pollination and Parthenocarpic Fruit Set Reveals Transcriptional Phytohormone Cross-Talk in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) (2014)

Parthenocarpy is an important trait determining yield and quality of fruit crops. However, the understanding of the mechanisms underlying parthenocarpy induction is limited. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is abundant in parthenocarpic germplasm resources and is an excellent model organism for parthenocarpy studies. In this study, the transcriptome of cucumber fruits was studied using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of set fruits were compared against aborted fruits. Distinctive features of parthenocarpic and pollinated fruits were revealed by combining the analysis of the transcriptome together with cytomorphological and physiological analysis. Cell division and the transcription of cell division genes were found to be more active in parthenocarpic fruit. The study also indicated that parthenocarpic fruit set is a high sugar-consuming process which is achieved via enhanced carbohydrate degradation through transcription of genes that lead to the breakdown of carbohydrates. Furthermore, the evidence provided by this work supports a hypothesis that parthenocarpic fruit set is induced by mimicking the processes of pollination/fertilization at the transcriptional level, i.e. by performing the same transcriptional patterns of genes inducing pollination and gametophyte development as in pollinated fruit. Based on the RNA-Seq and ovary transient expression results, 14 genes were predicted as putative parthenocarpic genes. The transcription analysis of these candidate genes revealed auxin, cytokinin and gibberellin cross-talk at the transcriptional level during parthenocarpic fruit set.
Laboratory Evaluation of Boric Acid-Sugar Solutions as Baits for Management of German Cockroach Infestations (2004)

Boric acid dust has a long history as an insecticide in urban pest management, and it has been shown to be an effective alternative to conventional neurotoxic insecticides. However, dust formulations require specialized equipment and are difficult to apply, whereas gel and paste formulations contain large amounts of boric acid and tend to be less efficacious than other insecticide baits. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of borate solutions as baits against the German cockroach. Several borate-sugar combinations were evaluated in choice and no-choice assays in the laboratory. Mortality was recorded for 15 d and expressed as lethal time90, the time taken to kill 90% of the cockroaches. Results showed that boric acid was more effective than sodium tetraborate or disodium octaborate tetrahydrate and that aqueous solutions containing mixtures of 0.5–2% boric acid and any of several inexpensive sugars, including fructose, glucose, maltose, and sucrose as a phagostimulant, at molar concentrations of 0.05–1.0, can provide rapid and effective kill of German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.).
<title>Cathodoluminescence Studies Of Semiconductor-Oxide Interfaces</title> (1981)

Electron-beam induced emission from insulating oxides on semiconductors can be used to probe the oxide-semiconductor interface both by studying films of different thicknesses and by varying the penetration depth of the electron beam. In two important systems, anodic oxides on GaAs and thermal oxides on Si, major luminescence centers, possibly related to oxygen vacancies, are determined by these methods to be concentrated near the interface. Emission from native oxides can be observed on both these semiconductors and is similar to emission from thicker oxides, although there are modifications in the relative intensities and in the position of some lines. In the anodic oxide spacial inhomogeneities and changes in the sample with time are also demonstrated by cathodoluminescence.
Oximes as Seed Safeners for Grain Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i>) to Herbicides (1982)

Studies in growth chambers indicated that CGA-43089 {α-[(cyanomethoxy)imino] benzeneacetonitrile} applied at a rate of 1.25 g/kg of seed reduced the phytotoxicity of metolachlor [2-chloro- N -(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)- N -(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide], bensulide [ o,o -diisopropyl phosphorodithioate S -ester with N -(2-mercaptoethyl) benzenesulfonamide], EPTC ( S -ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate), UBI-S734 {2-[(1,2,5-dimethylphenyl)ethylsulfonyl] pyridine N- oxide} and MBR-18337 { N -[4-(ethylthio)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] methanesulfonamide} to grain sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] during seed germination and seedling emergence. The protected sorghum tolerated metolachlor over a wider range of rates than it tolerated the other herbicides. CGA-43089 did not protect sorghum from the phytotoxicity of trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro- N,N- dipropyl- p -toluidine). Of seven other oximes tested as seed treatments, dimethylglyoxime, benzophenone oxime, pyridine-2-aldoxime, benzoin-α-oxime, and methyl thioacetohydroxamate showed promise for increasing the tolerance of grain sorghum to metolachlor. In general, higher rates of these oximes than the rate of CGA-43089 were required for equivalent protection of sorghum.
Chromium-catalyzed migratory arylmagnesiation of unactivated alkynes (2017)

The first example of 1,4-chromium migration was observed in the addition of an aryl Grignard reagent to an unactivated alkyne.
Moderate‐intensity treadmill running promotes expansion of the satellite cell pool in young and old mice (2013)

Satellite cells, the myogenic progenitors located at the myofibre surface, are essential for the repair of adult skeletal muscle. There is ample evidence for an age-linked decline in the number of satellite cells and performance in limb muscles. Hence, an effective means of activating and expanding the satellite cell pool may enhance muscle maintenance and reduce the impact of age-associated muscle deterioration (sarcopaenia). Accordingly, in the present study, we explored the beneficial effects of endurance exercise on satellite cells in young and old mice. Animals were subjected to an 8-week moderate-intensity treadmill-running approach that does not inflict apparent muscle damage (0° inclination, 11.5 m·min(-1) for 30 min·day(-1) , 6 days·week(-1) ). Myofibres of extensor digitorum longus muscles were then isolated from exercised and sedentary mice and used for monitoring the number of satellite cells, as well as for harvesting individual satellite cells for clonal growth assays. We specifically focused on satellite cell pools of single myofibres, with the view that daily wear of muscles probably affects individual myofibres rather than causing overall muscle damage. We found an expansion of the satellite cell pool in the exercised groups compared to the sedentary groups, with the same increase (~ 1.6-fold) in both ages. The results of the present study are in agreement with our findings obtained using rat gastrocnemius, indicating the consistent effect of exercise on satellite cell expansion in limb muscles. The experimental paradigm established in the present study is useful for investigating satellite cell dynamics at the myofibre niche, as well as for broader investigations of the impact of physiologically and pathologically relevant factors on adult myogenesis.
Effects of the Dads for Life Intervention on Interparental Conflict and Coparenting in the Two Years After Divorce (2007)

The ability of parents to forge harmonious coparenting relationships following divorce is an important predictor of their children's long-term well-being. However, there is no convincing evidence that this relationship can be modified through intervention. A preventive intervention that we developed, Dads for Life (DFL), which targeted noncustodial parents as participants, has previously been shown in a randomized field trial to favorably impact child well-being. We explore here whether it also has an impact on mothers' and fathers' perceptions of coparenting and interparental conflict in the 2 years following divorce. Results of the latent growth curve models we evaluated showed that both mothers and fathers reported less conflict when the father participated in DFL as compared with controls. For the fathers, perceptions of coparenting did not change over time in either the DFL or control conditions. Alternatively, mothers' perceptions of support declined over time in the control group, whereas those whose ex-husbands participated in the DFL program reported significant positive growth change toward healthier coparenting. The positive findings for mothers' reports are particularly compelling because mothers were not the participants, and thus common alternative explanations are ruled out. The DFL intervention, then, offers courts a promising program to improve families' functioning after divorce.
A Novel Aurora-a Kinase Inhibitor MLN8237 Induces Cytotoxicity and Cell Cycle Arrest in Experimental Multiple Myeloma Models. (2008)

Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable bone marrow derived plasma cell malignancy. Despite significant improvements in treating patients suffering from this disease, MM remains uniformly fatal owing to intrinsic or acquired drug resistance. Thus, additional modalities for treating MM are required. In this study, we examined the anti-tumor activity of MLN8237, a small molecule Aurora-A kinase inhibitor, in experimental models of MM. Aurora-A is a mitotic kinase that localizes to centrosomes and the proximal mitotic spindle and functions in mitotic spindle formation and in regulating chromatid congression and segregation. Aurora-A gene amplification and protein overexpression is a common event in many cancers, and has been experimentally linked to genetic instability and tumorigenesis. In MM, increased Aurora-A gene expression has previously been correlated with centrosome amplification and a worsened disease prognosis. Thus, inhibition of Aurora A in MM may prove to be therapeutically beneficial. Here we show that Aurora-A protein is highly expressed in eight distinct MM cell lines. The affect of Aurora-A inhibition in these cell lines was examined in cytotoxicity (MTT viability) and proliferation (3[H]thymidine incorporation) assays by treating with MLN8237 (0.25 mM −32 mM) for 24, 48 and 72h. Although there was no significant inhibition of cell viability and proliferation at 24h, a marked effect occurred 48 and 72h after compound addition at concentrations as low as 0.25 mM. Interestingly, the melphalan resistant line (LR5) and Doxorubucin resistant line (Dox40) were among the least sensitive to MLN8237 induced cell cytotoxicity. The affect of MLN8237 on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors was also examined at the same concentrations and exposure time used for the MM cell lines. In healthy PBMCs, MLN8237 did not induce cytotoxicity as measured by the MTT assay, but there was a significant inhibition of proliferation at 48 and 72h as measured by the 3[H]thymidine incorporation assay at concentrations above 4uM. To delineate the mechanisms of cytotoxicity and growth inhibitory activity of MLN8237, apoptotic markers and cell cycle profiles were examined in the MM cell lines. Fluorescence conjugated-Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) co-staining of MM cell lines after culturing in the presence or absence of MLN8237 at 1 mM (IC50) for 24, 48 and 72h demonstrated that MLN8237 induces apoptosis in these lines. This finding was corroborated by demonstrating increased capase-9 expression by Western blot analysis. Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry demonstrated that MLN8237 results in an accumulation of tetraploid cells, presumably by abrogating G2/M progression. These results suggest that MLN8237 represents a possible novel agent for treating MM patients. Additional studies are ongoing to assess the anti-tumor effects of MLN8237 alone and in combination with other therapeutic agents in xenograft models of MM.
Molecular mechanism of unloading-mediated muscle atrophy and development of its countermeasures (2012)

Rheumatology has pioneered in the study of autoantibodies by showing that they are not only involved in pathogenesis but are also highly useful as diagnostic biomarkers. The diagnostic biomarker aspect of autoimmunity has gained increasing importance in cancer and many of the insights gained in Rheumatology have contributed to understanding the significance of autoantibodies in cancer. Features of autoantibodies in rheumatic disorders: In rheumatic diseases no individual autoantibody-antigen system has sufficient combination of sensitivity and specificity to serve as a useful diagnostic biomarker. Instead, several antigen-antibody systems constructed as profiles of biomarkers are highly effective in distinguishing one disorder from another. In lupus, anti-double strand DNA and anti-Sm distinguishes it from scleroderma, where the profile is anti-DNA topoisomerase 1 and anti-centromere proteins. The autoantigensare cell components involved in universal and basic gene expression pathways, such as Sm in precursor mRNA splicing and DNA topoisomerase 1 in DNA replication and transcription [1]. Features of autoantibodies in cancer: Autoantibodies in cancer target intracellular molecules referred to as TAAs (tumor-associated antigens). As in rheumatic disorders, no individual autoantibody-antigen system has sensitivity and specificity to serve as a stand-alone diagnostic marker [2]. Most tumors show multiple antibody specificities and with panels of TAAanti-TAAs (analogous toprofiles) the cumulative sensitivity and specificity reaches diagnostic significance. Different tumorigenesis pathways are
Ventricular atrial natriuretic factor in the cardiomyopathic hamster model of congestive heart failure. (1988)

Cardiac atria are thought to be the principle source of plasma atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), a potent natriuretic and diuretic peptide. Whether other ANF production sites are recruited in disease states exhibiting elevated plasma ANF levels is not known. Accordingly, in the cardiomyopathic hamster, an animal model of congestive heart failure with high circulating levels of ANF, contribution of ventricular tissue to total cardiac ANF production and storage was investigated. Measurements were made of immunoreactive ANF in plasma and in atrial and ventricular extracts as well as ANF mRNA levels in the atria and ventricles from normal and cardiomyopathic golden Syrian hamsters. Plasma ANF levels were higher in cardiomyopathic than in control animals. The atrial concentration of ANF (per milligram atrial weight) was 50% and 83% lower in moderate and severe congestive heart failure, respectively, when compared with controls, while atrial ANF mRNA content of cardiomyopathic hamsters was not significantly different from normal hamsters. The ventricular concentration of ANF was 3 times and 7 times higher in animals in moderate and severe heart failure when compared with controls. In severe heart failure, ventricular ANF accounted for 23% of total cardiac stores of ANF. Ventricular ANF mRNA levels were 7 times and 13 times higher in hamsters in moderate and severe heart failure as compared with control animals. Therefore, significant increases in both ANF content and ANF mRNA in ventricles of hamsters in moderate to severe heart failure suggest that the ventricle could be an important source of ANF in congestive heart failure.