gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gut-Brain Communication in the Regulation of System Metabolism (2013)

Overweight and obesity are major health threats in modern societies. The regulation of energy metabolism, and thus also hunger and satiety, is a complex process that depends on a constant cross talk of peripheral and central signal mechanisms. To sustain a stable body weight over time, this network must not only take into account the fuel signals from digestive organs but also long-term signals about the energy stored as fat in the body. The aim of this chapter is to summarize the current knowledge of how the gut-brain axis regulates system metabolism.
Electrical Properties of Mn-Co-Ni Oxides Prepared at Low Temperatures (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Coherently Grown GaAsN/Ge: Effects of Different Gaseous Sources (2013)

Thermodynamic analysis of coherently grown GaAs 1- x N x on Ge with low N content was performed to determine the relationship between solid composition and growth conditions. In this study, a new algorithm for the simulation code, which is applicable to wider combinations of gaseous sources than the traditional algorithm, was developed to determine the influence of different gaseous sources on N incorporation. Using this code, here we successfully compared two cases: one is a system using trimethylgallium (TMG), AsH 3 , and NH 3 , and the other uses dimethylhydrazine (DMHy) instead of NH 3 . It was found that the optimal N/As ratio of input gas in the system using DMHy was much lower than that using NH 3 . This shows that the newly developed algorithm could be a useful tool for analyzing the N incorporation during the vapor growth of GaAs 1- x N x .
Floquet analysis of guided waves in periodically layered composites (1995)

In this paper analytical and numerical calculations, together with experimental measurements, are presented on the propagation of elastic guided waves in a composite plate composed of periodic layers. The guided waves are constructed by superposing obliquely traveling Floquet partial wave solutions in such a way that they satisfy a standing-wave resonance condition through the thickness of the periodic composite. It is demonstrated that transverse resonance can be established only in the Floquet passbands of the periodic composite. The predicted reflection spectra are compared with experimental observations in the Lamb wave case for an aluminum/aramid-epoxy composite and demonstrate excellent detailed agreement. This study offers an opportunity to gain new insight into the technologically important problem of plates with periodic structures.
Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols in Carbon Dioxide with Silica‐Supported Ionic Liquids Doped with Perruthenate (2006)

The replacement of toxic Cr(VI) for O2 and of chlorinated solvents for supercritical carbon dioxide (or ionic liquids) in the oxidation of alcohols remains hindered by the low selectivity and activity of the current heterogeneous catalysts. Using an integrated approach that combines sol-gel entrapped perruthenate as aerobic catalyst, an encapsulated ionic liquid as solubility promoter, and scCO2 as the reaction solvent, we have developed a system capable of rapidly converting different alcohols into carbonyl compounds with complete selectivity, including substrates which are otherwise difficult to oxidise. The methodology is generally applicable and may easily be extended to other waste-free, catalytic syntheses of fine chemicals.
In Vivo Characterization of the Peptide Deformylase Inhibitor LBM415 in Murine Infection Models (2009)

LBM415 is an antibacterial agent belonging to the peptide deformylase inhibitor class of compounds. It has previously been shown to demonstrate good activity in vitro against a range of pathogens. In this study, the in vivo efficacy of LBM415 was evaluated in various mouse infection models. We investigated activity against a systemic infection model caused by intraperitoneal inoculation of Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin [meticillin] susceptible [MSSA] and methicillin resistant [MRSA]) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (penicillin susceptible [PSSP] and multidrug resistant [MDRSP]), a thigh infection model caused by intramuscular injection of MRSA, and a lung infection produced by intranasal inoculation of PSSP. In the systemic MSSA and MRSA infections, LBM415 was equivalent to linezolid and vancomycin. In the systemic PSSP infection, LBM415 was equivalent to linezolid, whereas against systemic MDRSP infection, the LBM415 50% effective dose (ED50) was 4.8 mg/kg (dosed subcutaneously) and 36.6 mg/kg (dosed orally), compared to 13.2 mg/kg for telithromycin and >60 mg/kg for penicillin V and clarithromycin. In the MRSA thigh infection, LBM415 significantly reduced thigh bacterial levels compared to those of untreated mice, with levels similar to those after treatment with linezolid at the same dose levels. In the pneumonia model, the ED50 to reduce the bacterial lung burden by >4 log10 in 50% of treated animals was 23.3 mg/kg for LBM415, whereas moxifloxacin showed an ED50 of 14.3 mg/kg. In summary, LBM415 showed in vivo efficacy in sepsis and specific organ infection models irrespective of resistance to other antibiotics. Results suggest the potential of peptide deformylase inhibitors as a novel class of therapeutic agents against antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
Preparation of fatty acid methyl esters and dimethylacetals from lipids with boron fluoride–methanol (1964)

Fatty acid methyl esters and dimethylacetals suitable for gas chromatographic analysis were prepared by treatment of lipids with boron fluoride–methanol (140 g BF3 per liter of methanol). This reagent is stable and easy to handle. Reaction conditions were investigated for triglycerides, diglycerides, monoglycerides, free fatty acids, sterol esters, phosphatidyl ethanolamines, phosphatidyl serines, phosphatidyl cholines, monophosphoinositides, monogalactosyl glycerides, phosphatidal cholines (choline plasmalogens), digalactosyl glycerides, and sphingomyelins. The methyl esters and dimethylacetals were readily purified by thin-layer chromatography, and yields were quantitative. There were few undesirable side reactions, and they did not affect the validity of the method. The procedure developed is simple, rapid, and generally applicable to lipids.
Superoxide Dismutases (1977)

Shoots, roots, and seeds of corn (Zea mays L., cv. Michigan 500), oats (Avena sativa L., cv. Au Sable), and peas (Pisum sativum L., cv. Wando) were analyzed for their superoxide dismutase content using a photochemical assay system consisting of methionine, riboflavin, and p-nitro blue tetrazolium. The enzyme is present in the shoots, roots, and seeds of the three species. On a dry weight basis, shoots contain more enzyme than roots. In seeds, the enzyme is present in both the embryo and the storage tissue. Electrophoresis indicated a total of 10 distinct forms of the enzyme. Corn contained seven of these forms and oats three. Peas contained one of the corn and two of the oat enzymes. Nine of the enzyme activities were eliminated with cyanide treatment suggesting that they may be cupro-zinc enzymes, whereas one was cyanide-resistant and may be a manganese enzyme. Some of the leaf superoxide dismutases were found primarily in mitochondria or chloroplasts. Peroxidases at high concentrations interfere with the assay. In test tube assays of crude extracts from seedlings, the interference was negligible. On gels, however, peroxidases may account for two of the 10 superoxide dismutase forms.
The role of force measurements in advanced vibration test methods (1994)

The role of force measurements in vibration testing is discussed. The rational for a vibration test based on the extremal control of force and acceleration is developed. The differences between force measurements in vibration testing and modal testing is discussed. Several methods for estimating the input force in a vibration test are outlined.
Development of an <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> ‐based bioassay for investigating seed colonization by mycotoxigenic <i>Aspergillus</i> species (2007)

Seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana are hosts for three mycotoxin‐producing Aspergillus species, A. flavus , A. nidulans and A. parasiticus, enabling an Aspergillus ‐ Arabidopsis infection (AAI) assay to be developed. The AAI assay involved inoculation of 10‐ to 12‐mg aliquots of uniformly cultivated, surface‐sterilized A. thaliana seeds in microcentrifuge tubes. Use of microcentrifuge tubes facilitated qualitative and quantitative analyses of post‐infection characteristics such as sporulation and mycotoxin production. Cultivation of A. thaliana seeds under uniform environmental conditions is necessary to limit genotype‐independent seed‐lot variability. Using the A. nidulans oxylipin mutant, Δ ppoABC , and two well‐characterized A. thaliana pathogen‐defence mutants, ein2‐1 and pad4‐1 , the AAI assay permitted genetic analysis of seed infection and mycotoxin production. Sporulation, but not mycotoxin production, was impaired in A. nidulans ΔppoABC , while A. thaliana ein2‐1 and pad4‐1 had a small but detectable influence on A. nidulans sporulation that appeared to be dependent on seed age.
Fibroblasts Support Functional Integration of Purified Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes into Avital Myocardial Tissue (2010)

Transplantation of purified pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes into damaged myocardium might become a therapy to improve contractile function after myocardial infarction. However, engraftment remains problematic. Aim of this study was to investigate whether murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) support the functional integration of purified embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (ES-CMs). Neonatal murine ventricular tissue slices were subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation to simulate irreversible ischemia. Vital tissue slices served as control. Vital and avital tissue slices were cultured with or without MEFs before coculturing with clusters of puromycin-selected ES-CMs. Integration of ES-CM clusters was assessed morphologically, motility by long-term microscopy, and functional integration by isometric force measurements. We observed a good morphological integration into vital but a poor integration into avital slices. Adding MEFs improved morphological integration into irreversibly damaged slices and enabled purified ES-CMs to migrate and to confer force. We conclude that noncardiomyocytes like MEFs support morphological integration and force transmission of purified ES-CMs by enabling adhesion and migration.
ChemInform Abstract: Three Approaches to the Synthesis of L‐Leucine Selectively Labelled with Carbon‐13 or Deuterium in Either Diastereotopic Methyl Group. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A generic video adaptation FPGA implementation towards content- and context-awareness in future networks (2012)

International audience
Model uncertainty in identification of the static characteristics of the hydraulic damper (2010)

The research presented in the current paper focuses on the analysis of the model uncertainty in the static part of hydraulic damper models. Recently established experimental and identification methodology provides non-parametric estimates of the overall static characteristics of velocity-sensitive hydraulic dampers. Previously identified non-parametric static characteristics of a helicopter hydraulic damper are investigated in this paper. A model uncertainty is presented in the form of two alternative pressure-flow models that are considered herein. The main goal of this paper is to assess the feasibility of a non-parametric static representation of the damper in its ability to indicate the actual fluid flow topology and the flow regimes established by the experimental conditions.
Single fibre repeaterless transmission over 490km at 2.488 Gbit/s using a remote preamplifier and dispersion compensation (1996)

A cost effective repeaterless system with remote pumping in a single fibre is reported. Omitting dedicated pump fibres, 490 km transmission is demonstrated at 2.488 Gbit/s with a fibre loss of 87.4 dB. The system employs a remote preamplifler and dispersion compensating fibre, but no remote post-amplifier.
Enhanced Biodegradation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Soil by Analog Enrichment and Bacterial Inoculation (1985)

Abstract Carbon‐14‐labeled polychlorinated biphenyls (PBC) representing the commercial Aroclor 1242 mixture (a mixture of chlorinated biphenyls) were incubated in soil over a 210‐d period to determine if biodegradation could be enhanced by additions of straw and sludge, aerobic and anaerobic incubations, or combinations thereof. Although PCB (100 mg/kg) had no effect on microbial respiratory processes in soil, mineralization did not exceed 3% of the total added. Also, neither 14 CO 2 nor 14 CH 4 was produced from anaerobic incubations, although both gases were produced from organic matter additions. Further experimentation was undertaken to investigate the possibility that the soil lacked either an indigenous microflora capable of metabolizing PCB or a suitable substrate analog which promoted their activity or growth. Inoculation with Acinetobacter P6 (Furukawa) alone did not enhance mineralization of 14 C‐PCB. However, when enriched with substrate analog biphenyl, 20 to 27% of the label was recovered as 14 CO 2 over a 63‐d period compared to < 1% 14 CO 2 for the unenriched controls. Uninoculated and enriched treatments also greatly enhanced mineralization yielding 15 to 20% as 14 CO 2 , yet the extent of primary degradation of PCB (i.e., disappearance) was greater when both Acinetobacter and biphenyl were added. Analog enrichment with biphenyl is the most important factor effecting PCB degradation in soil, but additional enhancement is brought about by inoculation with Acinetobacter , which is superior to the indigenous microflora with respect to diversity towards metabolism of the isomers present in Aroclor 1242.
Proteomic profile of the plant‐pathogenic oomycete <i>Phytophthora capsici</i> in response to the fungicide pyrimorph (2015)

Pyrimorph is a novel fungicide from the carboxylic acid amide (CAA) family used to control plant-pathogenic oomycetes such as Phytophthora capsici. The proteomic response of P. capsici to pyrimorph was investigated using the iTRAQ technology to determine the target site of the fungicide and potential biomarker candidates of drug efficacy. A total of 1336 unique proteins were identified from the mycelium of wild-type P. capsici isolate (Hd3) and two pyrimorph-resistant mutants (R3-1 and R3-2) grown in the presence or absence of pyrimorph. Comparative analysis revealed that the three P. capsici isolates Hd3, R3-1, and R3-2 produced 163, 77, and 13 unique proteins, respectively, which exhibited altered levels of abundance in response to the pyrimorph treatment. Further investigations, using Cluster of Orthologous Groups of Proteins (COG) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis identified 35 proteins related to the mode of action of pyrimorph against P. capsici and 62 proteins involved in the stress response of P. capsici to pyrimorph. Many of the proteins with altered expression were associated with glucose and energy metabolism. Biochemical analysis using d-[U-(14) C]glucose verified the proteomics data, suggesting that the major mode of action of pyrimorph in P. capsici is the inhibition of cell wall biosynthesis. These results also illustrate that proteomics approaches are useful tools for determining the pathways targeted by novel fungicides as well as for evaluating the tolerance of plant pathogens to environmental challenges, such as the presence of fungicides.
Time-Correlation Functions, Memory Functions, and Molecular Dynamics (1970)

The memory functions for the velocity, angular-momentum, and dipolar autocorrelation functions from a series of molecular-dynamics studies of liquid carbon monoxide are examined. The velocity and angular-momentum memory functions decay initially almost to zero in a Gaussian fashion. However, their long-time behavior has a much slower time dependence. The dipolar memory function from a simulation using a strong noncentral potential is approximately this system's angular-momentum autocorrelation function. Approximate velocity and angular-momentum correlation functions are generated from approximate memory functions and the results are compared to experiment. Gaussian memories based on the second and fourth moments of the corresponding autocorrelation functions give the best agreement with experiment. However, none of the approximate memories examined adequately represents the long-time behavior of the experimental memories. The static atomic radial distribution functions are given and are shown to depend upon the strength of the orientational parts of the pair potential used in the dynamics calculations. The non-Gaussian characteristics of the Van Hove self-correlation functions are examined and shown to depend on the potential and number of particles used in the dynamics calculations. The intermediate scattering function and its memory are also examined.
Formation of the TiSi2 C40 as an intermediate phase during the reaction of the Si/Ta/Ti system (2001)

The effect of a thin Ta layer at the Si/Ti interface on the intermediate phase formation has been studied in detail by in situ sheet resistance, x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy of partially reacted samples. When a Ta layer is deposited at the Si/Ti interface, a new intermediate phase has been detected, i.e. the hexagonal TiSi2 C40. This phase grows on the C40–TaSi2 that is formed at the interface with silicon. The lattice parameters of the C40–TiSi2 obtained by ab initio calculations agree quite well with the experimental ones.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURE‐ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP IN PAF‐ACETHER. 2. RAC‐1‐O‐OCTADECYL‐2‐O‐ACETYL‐3‐O‐(Γ‐(DIMETHYLAMINO)PROPYL)GLYCEROL (1985)

Abstract Gemäß Formelsehema erhält man die Glycerinderivate (V) und (V1), die im Vergleich mit dem analog gebauten 3‐Phosphocholin‐haltigen PAF‐acether (platelet activating factor) keine Aktivität und keine antagonistischen Effekte zeigen.
Discrimination of dopamine and ascorbic acid using carbon nanotube fiber microelectrodes (2010)

The detection of dopamine is a scientific challenge of great importance for the understanding of neurobiological dysfunctions. However the presence of ascorbic acid at concentrations several times higher than that of dopamine and its oxidation at a very similar potential make a selective electrochemical detection difficult. Here we report the original and intrinsic selectivity of carbon nanotube (CNT) fiber microelectrodes (CNTFM) towards dopamine oxidation without significant interaction from ascorbic acid.
Using <i>In-Vivo</i> Fluorescence Imaging in Personalized Cancer Diagnostics and Therapy, an Image and Treat Paradigm (2011)

The major goal in developing drugs targeting specific tumor receptors, such as Monoclonal AntiBodies (MAB), is to make a drug compound that targets selectively the cancer-causing biomarkers, inhibits their functionality, and/or delivers the toxin specifically to the malignant cells. Recent advances in MABs show that their efficacy depends strongly on characterization of tumor biomarkers. Therefore, one of the main tasks in cancer diagnostics and treatment is to develop non-invasive in-vivo imaging techniques for detection of cancer biomarkers and monitoring their down regulation during the treatment. Such methods can potentially result in a new imaging and treatment paradigm for cancer therapy. In this article we have reviewed fluorescence imaging approaches, including those developed in our group, to detect and monitor Human Epidermal Growth Factor 2 (HER2) receptors before and during therapy. Transition of these techniques from the bench to bedside is the ultimate goal of our project. Similar approaches can be used potentially for characterization of other cancer related cell biomarkers.
Extended Planning and Infrastructure (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Software Development Plan Defining Project Objectives Defining Project Artifacts and Deliverables Selecting a Software Development Process Model Defining Defect Prevention Process Managing Risk Managing Change Defining Work Breakdown Structureâ€”An Iterative Approach Best Practices for Estimating Project Effort Best Practices for Preparing the Schedule Measurement and Tracking for Estimation Identifying Additional Resource Requirements Examples Acronyms Glossary References Exercises
ChemInform Abstract: Investigation of Photochemical Reaction Capability of Complexes of Some Dienes with β‐Cyclodextrin. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Thin Film Rheology and Tribology of Chocolate (1997)

ABSTRACT We investigated relations between food texture and thin film properties rather than bulk properties. Such thin film rheological or‘tribological’effects may characterize physical behavior and physical perceptions of food products. Experiments were done on three chocolate samples. The Surface Forces Apparatus (SFA) proved to be effective for studying the very complex chocolate system. Very complex thin film behavior was found to be quite different for the three samples. Fat constitution and average particle size were important in determining the type of friction forces generated between shearing/sliding surfaces separated by thin films of chocolate. Such studies can help characterize specific physical qualities of chocolate.
Evaporation of Heavy Metals during the Heat Treatment of Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Fly Ash (1995)

Thermal treatment is a promising way for the decontamination and inertization of residues from waste incineration. The evaporation of heavy metals thereby is of great significance. It is the goal of this work to investigate the fundamental aspects of the evaporation of heavy metals in the heat treatment process and to determine the process parameters leading to complete evaporation of the relevant heavy metals. Evaporation experiments in different atmospheres were carried out with filter ash from municipal solid waste incineration. The quantities of the heavy metals Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cu evaporated as a function of time were measured at temperatures between 670 and 1300 °C; evaporation turned out to be most effective at temperatures just below the melting range of the residue (i.e., at 1000–1100 °C) and decreased drastically above this temperature range. The amounts of evaporation (relative to the contents in untreated filter ash) at about 1100 °C were 98–100% of Pb, Cd, and Cu and 50% of Zn in air and 98–100% of Pb, Cd, and Zn and 10% of Cu in argon atmosphere, respectively. Results of experiments using model systems indicate that the decrease in the Zn evaporation at high temperatures is caused by the formation of compounds like Zn<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub> and ZnAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> The results of the experiments in argon atmosphere are explained thermodynamically by the reductive potential of the carbon, contained in the residue.