gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modification on the Microstructure of Ultrananocrystalline Diamond Films for Enhancing Their Electron Field Emission Properties via a Two-Step Microwave Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition Process (2011)

The electron field emission (EFE) properties of microcrystalline diamond (MCD) films were markedly improved by using ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) films as the nucleation layer. Thus formed MCD/UNCD composite films possess a low turn-on field ((E0)MCD/UNCD = 10.3 V/μm), which is even smaller than that for the underlying UNCD films ((E0)UNCD = 14.7 V/μm). However, the extent of the enhancement on EFE behavior of the MCD/UNCD films is strongly influenced by the characteristics of the UNCD nucleation layer. The improvement on EFE behavior of MCD/UNCD films is large when the UNCD nucleation layer was grown in H2-free Ar plasma (CH4/Ar/H2 (0%) = 2/98/0) and is small when the UNCD layer was grown in H2-containing Ar plasma (CH4/Ar/H2 (3%) = 2/95/3). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examinations reveal that, while both films contain large-grain and ultrasmall grain duplex microstructure, only the former contain nanographites, locating along the interface of large-grain and ultrasmall grain regions. Presumably, the nanographites form an interconnected path that improved the transport of electrons and markedly enhanced the EFE properties of the MCD/UNCD composite films.
Spoken document understanding and organization (2005)

Spoken documents (or associated multimedia content) are in fact better understood and reorganized in a way that retrieval/browsing can be performed easily. For example, they are now in the form of short paragraphs, properly organized in some hierarchical visual presentation with titles/summaries/topic labels as references for retrieval and browsing. The retrieval can be performed based on the full content, the summaries/titles/topic labels, or both. In this article, this is referred to as spoken document understanding and organization for efficient retrieval/browsing applications. The purpose of this article is to present a concise, comprehensive, and integrated overview of related areas in a unified context of spoken document understanding and organization for efficient retrieval/browsing applications. In addition, we present an initial prototype system we developed at National Taiwan University as a new example of integrating the various technologies and functionalities.
Managing Spaghetti Syndrome in Critical Care With a Novel Device: A Nursing Perspective (2015)

Use of a simple flexible latex-free elastomeric band may help organize therapeutic tubing at patients' bedsides and may promote improvements in nursing care.
Organic white-light-emitting devices based on a multimode resonant microcavity (2006)

Organic white-light-emitting devices (OLEDs) based on a multimode resonant microcavity defined by a pair of dielectric mirrors and metal mirrors were presented. By selective effects of the quarter-wave dielectric stack mirror on mode, white light emission containing three individual narrow peaks of red, green and blue was achieved, and showed weak dependence on the viewing angle. The Commission Internationale De L'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates changed from (0.29, 0.37) at 0° to (0.31, 0.33) at 40°. Furthermore, the brightness and electroluminescence efficiency of the microcavity OLEDs were enhanced compared with noncavity OLEDs. The maximum brightness reached 1940 cd m−2 at a current density of 200 mA cm−2, and the maximum current efficiency and power efficiency are 1.6 cd A−1 at a current density of 12 mA cm−2 and 0.41 lm W−1 at a current density of 1.6 mA cm−2, which are over 1.6 times higher than that of a noncavity OLED.
Down-regulation of an abiotic stress related Nicotiana benthamiana WRKY transcription factor induces physiological abnormalities (2009)

Transcription factors (TFs), the DNA binding proteins, play key role in biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants by regulating the expression of downstream target genes. Many different TFs have been cloned and characterized in model plants and a few of them have been shown to have direct role in abiotic stress tolerance. In the present report, we have cloned a partial cDNA of AtWRKY75 like gene (NbWRKY) from the model plant, Nicotiana benthamiana, and studied its expression under whole plant desiccation (drought) stress. To induce drought stress, soil water status (field capacity, FC) was maintained between 60-65% by controlled irrigation and replacing water transpired twice a day. The extent of drought stress was assessed by monitoring the leaf water status and quantifying photosynthetic pigments. The semi-quantitative RT-PCR revealed constitutive expression of NbWRKY and up-regulation under drought. Down-regulation of NbWRKY by virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) produced chlorosis and senescing phenotype in N. benthamiana. The silenced plants showed reduced photosynthesis, efficiency of open PSII reaction centre, and exhibited the symptoms of photoinhibition. The results indicated the indispensable role of NbWRKY in basic physiological processes.
Video Aversive Satiation: A Hopefully Heuristic Single Case Study (1992)

A single case study is presented utilizing an aversive procedure designed to reduce paraphilic sexual arousal. Pre- and post-treatment plethysmographic data are presented that show marked change in deviant responding in less than 13 hours of client-applied conditioning therapy. Implications for further research are discussed.
Discrete-length repeated sequences in eukaryotic genomes. (1981)

Two of the four repeated DNA sequences near the 5' end of the silk fibroin gene hybridize with discrete-length families of repeated DNA. These two families comprise 0.5% of the animal's genome. A repeated sequence with a conserved length has also been found in the short class of moderately repeated sequences in the sea urchin. The discrete length, interspersion, and sequence fidelity of these moderately repeated sequences suggests that each has been multiplied as a discrete unit. Thus, transposition mechanisms may be responsible for the multiplication and dispersion of a large class of repeated sequences in phylogenetically diverse eukaryotic genomes. The repeat we have studied in most detail differs from previously described eukaryotic transposable elements: it is much shorter (1300 base pairs) and does not have terminal repetitions detectable by DNA hybridization. A simple technique for identifying such discrete-length repeated sequences is described.
Recommended Test Panel for Differentiation of <i>Klebsiella</i> Species on the Basis of a Trilateral Interlaboratory Evaluation of 18 Biochemical Tests (2004)

Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca are the two most frequently encountered Klebsiella species giving rise to infections in humans, but other Klebsiella species can also be found in clinical specimens: Klebsiella ozaenae, Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis, Klebsiella terrigena, Klebsiella planticola, Klebsiella ornithinolytica, and Enterobacter aerogenes (Klebsiella mobilis). However, many of these species are indistinguishable by the conventional methods employed routinely in the clinical microbiological laboratory. Several investigators have suggested various additional tests, but as yet there is no standardized test panel for identifying all Klebsiella species and subspecies. In the present study, performed in three national Klebsiella reference laboratories, we have evaluated a test panel consisting of 18 biochemical tests on 242 strains comprising all Klebsiella species and subspecies. The test panel was designed to identify organisms preliminarily identified as belonging to the genus Klebsiella on the basis of conventional methods or automated identification systems. With the described test panel it is possible to find one or more positive test results differentiating any Klebsiella species, except Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis, from its closest relative.
Saccharomyces boulardii for Clostridium difficile-Associated Enteropathies in Infants (1993)

Based on experimental evidence in animals showing that the oral administration of Saccharomyces boulardii is effective in reducing morbidity and mortality due to Clostridium difficile-induced pseudomembranous colitis, we conducted an open trial to examine the effects of the living yeast, given as primary therapy, in a selected group of infants and children with persistent intestinal symptoms related to toxinogenic C. difficile overgrowth. Over a period of 10 consecutive months, we studied 19 eligible patients (median age 8 months) who presented with enteral symptoms lasting for > 15 days and who had solely C. difficile in stools with positive cytotoxin B assay. Serotyping of the strains and determination in vitro of production of toxins A and B were performed subsequently. The patients presented with persistent or protracted diarrhea, malabsorption, and failure to grow (n = 8), or with repeated attacks of colics, emesis, and hypermeteorism without diarrhea (n = 4), or with both entities (n = 7). Patients with chronic protracted diarrhea (n = 3) had depressed jejunal disaccharidase activities and ultrastructural changes of enterocytes, including sparce and shortened microvilli. None had evidence of colitis. All the strains of C. difficile tested (n = 17) belonged to pathogenic serotypes (A1, A8, C, F, G, H, and K) and produced in vitro high levels of toxins A (n = 16) and B (n = 17). S. boulardii was given orally in a lyophilized form over 15 days (250 mg two to four times per day according to age).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
AN FPGA-BASED IMPLEMENTATION FOR MEDIAN FILTER MEETING THE REAL-TIME REQUIREMENTS OF AUTOMATED VISUAL INSPECTION SYSTEMS (2008)

Image processing is a very important field within factory automation, and more concretely, in the automated visual inspection. The main challenge normally is the requirement of real-time results. On the other hand, in many of these applications, the existence of impulsive noise in the acquired images is one of the most habitual problems. Median filter is a robust method to remove the impulsive noise from an image. It is a computationally intensive operation, so it is hard to implement it in real time. This paper introduces a new architecture and optimizations for its implementation with FPGAs. The practical results show the effectiveness of our improvements allowing real-time processing and a minimum use of resources. 1
Equihash: Asymmetric Proof-of-Work Based on the Generalized Birthday Problem (2016)

The proof-of-work is a central concept in modern cryptocurrencies and denial-of-service protection tools, but the requirement for fast verification so far made it an easy prey for GPU-, ASIC-, and botnet-equipped users. The attempts to rely on memory-intensive computations in order to remedy the disparity between architectures have resulted in slow or broken schemes.
Integration of vision/force robot control for transporting different shaped/colored objects from moving circular conveyor (2014)

This paper will propose algorithms for transporting different objects from moving circular conveyor with the help of vision/force robot control. Poses and speeds of the objects are calculated from sequential images captured by 3D-camera mounted on the hand of the robot. In the conveyor there are 4 slots which contain four differently formed and coloured objects. The cross sections of these objects are the square, the rectangle, the triangle and the circle. The required object will be segmented and then recognized with the help of fast image processing algorithm depending on its colour and shape. Furthermore, this paper will improve algorithm for grasping and pulling-out the required object from slot with tight clearance. For this task two different kinds of simple force control have been developed. The objects will be grasped by a 6-DoF robot with a primitive two-finger-gripper as end-effector. In the first experiment the proposed system will follow the required object until the movement of the conveyor stops. After that it will start to pull-out the object. In more complicated case, the robot will pull-out the object while the conveyor is moving. In other words, the movement of the robot will be synchronized with the movement of the object and it should grasp it at a convenient time and pose without any prior knowledge about its velocity. This paper will be supported with real experiments presenting promising results which illustrate the capability of grasping a stuck moving object with the help of vision/force robot control.
Use of haptenised nucleic acid probes in fluorescent <i>in situ</i> hybridisation (1990)

With the advent in this decade of various nucleic acid labelling techniques which allow a non-radioactive visualisation of hybridisation results, the technique of in situ hybridisation, originally developed by Pardue & Gall (1969) and Jones & coworkers (John et al., 1969) have become increasingly important in many biomedical fields. Next to the environmentally important feature of absence of radiation hazards, favourable properties of the non-radioactive techniques such as the high topological resolution attainable, the stability of the labelled nucleic acid probes and the capability to perform multiple hybridisations simultaneously, have contributed significantly to this development.
Epitaxial growth and microstructural characterization of $YSi_2$ films on (100)Si substrate (1997)

The growth and microstructural characterization of epitaxial yttrium silicide () on the (100)Si substrate are investigated. The film grow epitaxilly through the solid phase reaction during vacuum annealing above . The epitaxial relationships between the hexagonal film and the (100)Si substrate are [0001]//[011]Si and [0001]//[011]Si in the (1100)//(100)Si plane relation. The YSi film consists of the two types of domains which have two different azimuthal orientations making an angle of to each other. The two types of domains in the film are equivalent in volume fraction and crystalline quality, which has been proved from the equivalent integrated intensities of (2201) asymmetric reflection of X-ray diffraction. The formation of a double -domain structure is discussed on the basis of geometrical matching at interface between the (1100) film and the (100)Si substrate, and growth model is proposed.
Mechanism of cytotoxicity of human embryonic kidney cells induced by gliotoxin (2003)

AIM To study the mechanism underlying gliotoxin-induced c yt otoxicity of human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells. METHODS Crystal vi olet assay was used to determine cell viability. DNA fragmentation of HEK cells was measured based on Burton′s method. The activity of caspase-3-like protea se s was measured as increases in hydrolysis of fluorogenic tetrapeptide substrate, Ac-DEVD-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin and caspase-3 protein abundance was obse rved by Western blot. Based on fluorescence probe label method, DNA content and reactive oxygen species (ROS) of HEK cells were detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS Gliotoxin induced HEK cell death in a concentration-dependent manner within 0.4-1.0 mg·L -1 . Under gliotoxin treatment at 1.0 mg·L -1 , cell membrane of HEK cells k e pt intact associated with hypodiploid nuclei and DNA fragmentation which suggest ed gliotoxin killed HEK cells viaapoptosis. Boc-aspartyl (OMe)-fl uoromethylketone (BAF) and z-DEVD.fmk, commonly used as caspase-3-like pro teases inhibitor, significantly abolished gliotoxin-induced cell death at 100 and 200 μmol·L -1 , respectively, suggesting the cytotoxicity induced by g l iotoxin was mediated by caspases. N-acetylcysteine concentration-d ependently attenuated the HEK cells death induced by gliotoxin, significantly in hibited the generation of ROS of HEK cells upon exposure with gliotoxin, which i ndicated that ROS was involved in the cytotoxicity of HEK cells induced by gliot oxin. CONCLUSION Gliotoxin-induced cytotoxicity of HEK cells pro ceeded viaapoptosis, which was mediated by caspases and ROS.
PHYTATE: REMOVAL FROM WHOLE DRY BEANS BY ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS AND DIFFUSION (1977)

ABSTRACT California Small White beans were found to contain about 1% phytate, of which 70% is in water‐soluble form. Incubation of presoaked beans in water at 60°C for 10 hr lowered their phytate content by 90%. Incubation in pH 5.5 buffer at 50°C for 24 hr lowered it by 62%. When leaching was eliminated by incubating in water‐saturated air at 60°C overnight, 33% of the phytate was destroyed by hydrolysis. Similar treatments were effective with mung beans, lima beans, and wheat. The study suggests that destruction of heat‐sensitive celI membranes leads to the potentiation of phytase.
Lossless compression of hydroacoustic image data (1997)

Despite rapid progress in improving mass-storage density and digital communication system performance, compression of hydroacoustic image data is still significant in many engineering and research areas since it can overcome data storage and transmission bandwidth limitations. In this paper, we present a novel and effective approach for lossless compression of hydroacoustic image data which consists of two stages. The first stage reduces the information redundancy. We propose several new techniques to remove redundancy between data samples, data blocks, and data frames. The second stage uses a newly developed cascade coding scheme. This simple scheme can achieve an efficiency of 97%. A decomposition algorithm is presented for finding the optimal cascade coding parameters. The algorithm decomposes a multivariable optimization problem into a series of one-variable optimizations. Our two-stage algorithm offers a compression ratio of 2-3 and provides an exact recovery of the original data. Because of its simplicity, the algorithm can be incorporated into a variety of echo sounder systems. The compression algorithms can also be implemented using low-level assembly language to meet the requirements of real-time applications.
A novel method and workflow for stereotactic surgery with a mobile intraoperative CT imaging device (2015)

xCAT®, (Xoran Technologies, LLC., Ann Arbor, MI) is a CT imaging device that has been used for minimally invasive surgeries. Designed with flat panel and cone-beam imaging technique, it provides a fast, low-dose CT imaging alternative for diagnosis and examination purposes at hospitals. With its unique compact and mobile characteristics, it allows scanning inside crowded operating rooms (OR). The xCAT allows acquisition of images in the OR that show the most recent morphology during the procedure. This can potentially improve outcomes of surgical procedures such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) and other neurosurgeries, since brain displacement and deformation (brain shift) often occur between pre-operative imaging and electrode placement during surgery. However, the small gantry size of the compact scanner obstructs scanning of patients with stereotactic frames or skull clamp. In this study, we explored a novel method, in which we first utilized the xCAT to obtain CT images with fiducial markers, registered the stereotactic frame with those markers, and finally, target measurements were calculated and set up on the frame. The new procedure workflow provides a means to use CT images obtained inside of OR for stereotactic surgery and can be used in current intraoperative settings. Our phantom validation study in lab shows that the procedure workflow with this method is easy to conduct.
Investigation of the effects of 30% hydrogen peroxide on human tooth enamel by Raman scattering and laser-induced fluorescence (2008)

The safety of tooth bleaching, which is based upon hydrogen peroxide (HP) as the active agent, has been questioned. Our aim was to investigate the effects of 30% HP on human tooth enamel. The specimens were divided randomly into three groups and treated with distilled water, HCl, and HP, respectively. Raman scattering and laser-induced fluorescence of enamel were determined before and after treatment. Microhardness testing and scanning electron microscopy were also used. The results of Raman scattering showed that the Raman relative intensity of enamel changed significantly after HP and HCl treatment. These findings were consistent with the results of microhardness testing and morphological observations. In addition, a small band at 876 cm(-1) due to O-O stretching of HP became pronounced during HP treatment, which provided direct evidence that HP has the ability to penetrate enamel. Meanwhile, the results of laser-induced fluorescence revealed that HP caused the greatest fluorescence reduction. This suggested that the organic matter in enamel might be greatly affected by HP, which was also supported by the results of microhardness. It can be concluded, therefore, that the 30% HP may have adverse effects on the mineral and the organic matter of human tooth enamel.
Variation in morphology and performance of predator-sensing system in wild cricket populations (2005)

Even though variation in morphology is known to translate into variation in performance, studies looking at structural variability of a sensor to predict its consequences on the performance of animals are exceedingly rare. We investigated the morphological variability of air-flow-sensing receptors in wild populations of wood crickets (Nemobius sylvestris) sampled in a wide variety of habitats differing in latitude, litter structure, vegetation and predator communities. These hair receptors act as predator sensors. The observed levels of hair morphological variation were then incorporated into a biomechanical model of the hair canopy response to air flow to predict their influence on cricket predator perception. Cricket populations differ from each other, often strongly so, in the total number of hairs and in the number of hairs longer than 1 mm, which are the hairs most sensitive for the perception of approaching predators. The hair canopy response, the output of the biomechanical model, sums up over the entire canopy the angles of deflection at which a neurophysiological response is triggered and represents the sensitivity of the cercal system. It is 35% higher in the most sensitive population, compared with the least sensitive population. These large differences in perception sensitivity for a given predator signal translate into larger distances at which predators could be perceived. Thus, differences in morphology at the sensor level seem to be translated both at the perception level and subsequently at the performance level of crickets.
Lipids of human leukocytes: relation to cell type (1967)

Significant differences in lipid composition have been found between normal human lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (isolated from blood by means of glass-bead columns), abnormal leukocytes from patients with acute and chronic leukemia, and leukocytes from peritoneal exudates. Lipid extracts of isolated leukocytes were analyzed for total lipid, phosphorus, cholesterol, and plasmalogens. Individual phospholipids and neutral lipids were separated by thin-layer chromatography. The major phospholipids were phosphatidyl choline, ethanolamine glycerophosphatides, sphingomyelin, phosphatidyl serine, and phosphatidyl inositol. Plasmalogen was found mainly as phosphatidal ethanolamine. The neutral lipid fractions contained free cholesterol and various amounts of triglyceride, but little esterified cholesterol. Normal lymphocytes contained about half as much total lipid per cell as normal polymorphonuclear leukocytes, with a similar cholesterol:-lipid-P ratio but relatively more lecithin and less ethanolamine glycerophosphatide. Normal mature leukocytes, compared with immature cells of the same morphological series, had a higher total lipid content per cell, more cholesterol, and a higher ratio of cholesterol to lipid-P. Little difference was found in total lipid-P per cell, but mature cells contained relatively less lecithin and more sphingomyelin. These findings may reflect differences in the relative content of various intracellular organelles as well as possible differences in the quantity and composition of the plasma membrane.