gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interference scaling laws in cognitive networks (2008)

In cognitive radio networks, two classes of devices exist: primary and secondary. Primary devices are granted privileged access to the spectrum while secondary devices must limit their transmissions so as not to generate harmful interference. In this paper we investigate the minimum size that a low duty cycle secondary network must possess if it is to be deemed useful, i.e., at least one node can transmit without causing significant simultaneous interference to the primary network. We initially consider two cases. First the size of the primary network is fixed to m users, and we ask the question how quickly can the interference to the primary network be reduced as a function of the size k of the secondary network. In this case, there is a tradeoff between the rate at which interference can be reduced and the probability that such interference is achieved, which we denote as secondary outage. The tradeoff in this case is completely characterized for Raleigh fading. In the second case, we allow the size of the primary and secondary network grow simultaneously. Here the tradeoff between the growth rate of the networks, the rate at which the interference is decreased and the rate at which the outage probability vanishes is determined in the regime that the interference decreases sufficiently fast for Raleigh fading. Finally, we consider arbitrary networks for which the outage probability has a non-vanishing limit. We show that the probability that at least l nodes can transmit also has a non- vanishing limit that does not depend on the asymptotic behaviour of the interference threshold, the rate at which the networks grow or even the distribution of the fading. Therefore, there are no tradeoffs for the system designer in this regime.
Integrated Cross-Coupling Strategy for an α-Carboline-Based Aurora B Kinase Inhibitor (2015)

An efficient and practical synthetic process for an α-carboline-based Aurora B kinase inhibitor was achieved using an integrated Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling strategy. The process features a mild and efficient method for construction of the α-carboline core by employing a Pd-catalyzed sequence of Buchwald-Hartwig amination and intramolecular direct C-H arylation at the ortho position of an unsubstituted aniline moiety, which is a key functionality for further derivatization with a Suzuki coupling via Sandmeyer iodination. The process has eliminated expensive starting materials and column chromatography purifications and enabled considerable enhancement of the total yield from 11% to 48%.
Synthetic application of cyanoaminosilanes as azomethine ylide equivalents (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic application of cyanoaminosilanes as azomethine ylide equivalentsAlbert Padwa, Yon Yih Chen, William Dent, and Hildegard NimmesgernCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 21, 4006–4014Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00221a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00221a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1485Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nocturnal enuresis: associations between gender, impact, maternal intolerance and behavior problems (2015)

The aim of the study was to identify correlations between the following variables: gender, behavior problems and impact suffered by children/adolescents and the intolerance of their mothers to enuresis. Assessment was made through: impact scale, responded by the child/adolescent, child behavior checklist and tolerance scale, both answered by the mothers. Participated 31 children and adolescents with enuresis aged between 6 and 15 years (M = 8.84 and SD = 2.08) and their mothers. Statistically significant correlations between intolerance and impact were identified, and also between age and impact. The mean rate of behavior problems reached a clinical level, presenting mostly internalizing problems. No associations between behavior problems and impact or intolerance, or gender differences for all variables analyzed were found. In this sample, the more intolerant mothers have most impacted children, and their mothers’ intolerance level seems to increase as the child or adolescent get older.Keywords: enuresis; behavior problems; intolerance; impact; children.
Preferred conformations of protected homo‐oligo‐<scp>L</scp>‐glutamate peptides in CDCl<sub>3</sub> and CDCl<sub>3</sub>/TFA mixtures (1980)

Abstract A conformational analysis of protected glutamate homo‐oligopeptides Z ‐[Glu(OEt)] n ‐OEt ( n = 2–7) was carried out in chloroform solution using high‐resolution 1 H‐nmr spectroscopy. At dilute peptide concentrations, the backbone NH and α‐CH resonances are well resolved and can be assigned by combining extensive homonuclear decoupling experiments with data for co‐oligopeptide derivatives. The structure of these peptides in solution was then assessed using information from chemical shifts, coupling constants, temperature coefficients, and titration of each oligomer with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). The di‐ and tripeptides are found to be in disordered forms in deuterochloroform (CDCl 3 ) and CDCl 3 /TFA mixtures. The tetrapeptide exhibits a folded structure with intramolecular hydrogen bonding at Glu 2 in CDCl 3 and undergoes a transition to increasingly disordered forms as TFA is added. The pentamer to heptamer show a folded structure with a strong intramolecular hydrogen bond at Glu 2 and a weaker hydrogen bond at Glu 3 , which are disrupted as these peptides go to random coils at high TFA/CDCl 3 ratios. In addition, the N‐terminal portions of these glutamate peptides appear to be involved in side chain–main chain interactions. The results support the hypothesis that protected linear homo‐oligopeptides may possess two or more segments of conformation with intramolecular folding preferred near the N‐terminal portion.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ABSOLUTE CONFIGURATION OF 3‐ETHYL‐ AND 3‐PROPYLPYRROLIDINE (1980)

Abstract Aus den substituierten Bernsteinsäuren (Ia)‐(Ic) können die Imide (IIa) und (IIb) unter Erhalt der Konformation gebildet werden, während (Ic) das Antipodengemisch (IIc) gibt.
Chronopotentiometric Study of Phenylmercuric Ion Adsorption on a Mercury Electrode. (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChronopotentiometric Study of Phenylmercuric Ion Adsorption on a Mercury Electrode.R. F. Broman and R. W. MurrayCite this: Anal. Chem. 1965, 37, 11, 1408–1414Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60230a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60230a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views29Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Microflora and periodontal disease. (2012)

Results demonstrated that the test is a valuable tool to improve diagnosis of periodontal disease.
Message from the symposium chairs (2012)

Welcome to Vancouver and the 2012 IEEE Haptic Symposium! Celebrating 20 years since its inception in 1992, the Haptics Symposium now features a longer format than in years past: a full day of tutorials and workshops, followed by three full days for the main conference in a single track. Among other benefits, this allowed us to increase the time available for posters and demonstrations, to nearly seven hours. This is the first year that the Haptics Symposium is being held as an independent, stand-alone conference, part of the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society portfolio of conferences. The benefits of such a move to independence include greater autonomy and flexibility in selecting our timing, duration and program, setting, and, we believe, in providing a truly invigorating atmosphere for sharing the latest development in the field of haptics.
Effects of synthetic congeners of the natural product phytotoxins maculosins-1 and -2 on growth of wheat coleoptile (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Wakeland). (2000)

Of two natural product phytotoxins, maculosins-1 and -2, produced by Alternaria alternata on spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa), only maculosin-2 appeared active against intact knapweed plants. Furthermore, unlike host specific maculosin-1, maculosin-2 exhibited phytotoxicity to a wide range of weedy plants including Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense), hound’s tongue (Cynoglossum officinale), yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis), Russian knapweed (Centaurea repens), rush skeletonweed (Chondrilla juncea), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), broad-leaved plantain (Plantago major), lamb’s-quarters (Chenopodium album), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), whitetop or hoary cress (Cardaria draba), common mallow (Malva neglecta), sulfur (erect) cinquefoil (Potentilla recta), and leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula). As such, maculosin-2 and its synthetic analogs are good candidates for development as target specific post-emergence herbicides. One measure of herbicidal activity is detection in the etiolated wheat coleoptile (Triticum aestivum L. cv Wakeland) bioassay. In common with greenhouse tests on whole knapweed plants, maculosin-1 (cyclo-TyrPro) and pyriculamide (cyclo-3-NO2-TyrPro) were inactive. Similarly, analogs with protected hydroxyl groups: cyclo-Tyr(Me)Pro; cyclo-Tyr(Et)Pro; cyclo-Tyr(Pr)Pro, and cyclo Tyr(Bu)Pro, significantly inhibited (P < 0.01) wheat coleoptiles. The heavy atom derivatives: cyclo-4-Cl-PhePro; cyclo-4-Br-PhePro and cyclo-4-I-PhePro were also inhibitory. The maculosin-2 (cyclo-PhePro); cyclo-TICPro, cyclo-1-NALPro and cyclo-2-NALPro were significantly active (P < 0.01) against coleoptiles. The wheat coleoptile bioassay is a fast, reliable, convenient method for screening herbicidal activity of maculosin analogs.
Keratinocyte growth factor and coeliac disease (2001)

KGF is overexpressed in coeliac biopsies and in tissues with non-coeliac enteropathy. No evidence was found for KGF production by intraepithelial lymphocytes or lamina propria T cells.
A comparative study of speech in the call center (2002)

This paper presents a field study that compares natural language call routing with standard touch-tone menus. Call routing is the task of getting callers to the right place in the call center, which could be the appropriate live agent or automated service. Natural language call routing lets callers describe the reason for their call in their own words, instead of presenting them with a list of menu options to select from using the telephone touch-tone keypad. The field study was conducted in a call center of a large telecommunication service provider. Results show that with natural language call routing, more callers respond to the main routing prompt, more callers are routed to a specific destination (instead of defaulting to a general operator who may have to transfer them), and more callers are routed to the correct agent. Our survey data show that callers overwhelmingly prefer natural language call routing over standard touch-tone menus. Furthermore, natural language call routing can also deliver significant cost savings to call centers
Über die gemeinsame Einwirkung von elementarem Schwefel und gasförmigem Ammoniak auf Ketone, XVIII Zur Kenntnis des α‐Mercapto‐diisopropylketons (1958)

Abstract α‐Mercapto‐diisopropylketon (I) wird aus α‐Chlor‐diisopropylketon und NaSH hergestellt. Die Einwirkung von NH 3 auf ein Gemisch von I mit Aldehyden (außer Formaldehyd) oder cyclischen Ketonen führt zu Thiazolinen‐Δ 3 . Aliphatische Ketone reagieren mit I und NH 3 nicht. Formaldehyd gibt mit I und NH 3 Tri‐[(2.4‐dimethyl‐pentan‐3‐on‐2‐yl)‐mercaptomethyl]‐amin (III). Durch Dehydrierung von I mit Jod entsteht das Disulfid V; dagegen wird aus I und mit Amin aktiviertem Schwefel unter H 2 S‐Entwicklung das Trisulfid IV gebildet. Analoge Verhältnisse liegen beim Methyl‐(α‐mercapto‐isopropyl)‐keton vor. Es wird gezeigt, daß die Trisulfidbildung mit H 2 S unter geeigneten Bedingungen umkehrbar ist.
ENERGY PARTITIONING, ENERGY COUPLING (EPEC) EXPERIMENTS AT THE NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY (2012)

The energy-partitioning, energy-coupling (EPEC) experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) will simultaneously measure the coupling of energy into both ground shock and air-blast overpressure from a laser-driven target. The source target for the experiment is positioned at a known height above the ground-surface simulant and is heated by four beams from NIF. The resulting target energy density and specific energy are equal to those of a low-yield nuclear device. The ground-shock stress waves and atmospheric overpressure waveforms that result in our test system are hydrodynamically scaled analogs of seismic and air-blast phenomena caused by a nuclear weapon. In what follows, we discuss the motivation for our investigation and briefly describe NIF. Then, we introduce the EPEC experiments, including diagnostics, in more detail.
Graphene Coating of Silicon Nanoparticles with CO<sub>2</sub>‐Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (2015)

Understanding the growth of graphene over Si species is becoming ever more important as the huge potential for the combination of these two materials becomes more apparent, not only for device fabrication but also in energy applications, particularly in Li-ion batteries. Thus, the drive for the direct fabrication of graphene over Si is crucial because indirect approaches, by their very nature, require processing steps that, in general, contaminate, damage, and are costly. In this work, the direct chemical vapor deposition growth of few-layer graphene over Si nanoparticles is systematically explored through experiment and theory with the use of a reducer, H2 or the use of a mild oxidant, CO2 combined with CH4 . Unlike the case of CH4 , with the use of CO2 as a mild oxidant in the reaction, the graphene layers form neatly over the surface and encapsulate the Si particles. SiC formation is also prevented. These structures show exceptionally good electrochemical performance as high capacity anodes for lithium-ion batteries. Density functional theory studies show the presence of CO2 not only prevents SiC formation but helps enhance the catalytic activity of the particles by maintaining an SiOx surface. In addition, CO2 can enhance graphitization.
Resistance of canine lymphoma cells to adenoviral infection due to reduced cell surface RGD binding integrins (2011)

Recombinant adenovirus vectors (Ad) have been recognized as effective in vivo gene delivery vehicles and utilized as gene therapy agents for a number of cancers. The elucidation of viral entry mechanisms has allowed the development of recombinant vectors that exploit existing cell surface receptors to achieve entry into the cell. B lymphocytes are normally resistant to infection by adenovirus 5, likely due to the lack of the Coxsackie and Adenovirus receptor (CAR). Using reverse-transcriptase PCR and flow cytometry, the CD40 receptor has been shown to be expressed on many lymphoma cells. We exploited this finding to develop a gene therapy strategy for treatment of canine B cell lymphoma. Ad5 was targeted to cells expressing CD40 via CD40 ligand (CD40L) and was effective in infecting CD40-expressing control cells; however, both primary canine lymphoma cells and cell lines demonstrated limited evidence of transduction. Following receptor binding, adenovirus entry into cells may require interaction with α(v)β(3/5) integrins; we demonstrate that canine lymphoma cells are deficient in these integrins. Reduced α(v)β(3) integrin expression may render these cells incapable of internalizing Ad vectors. Thus, any viral targeting approaches for treatment of canine lymphoma must also take into account the potential lack of internalization signals.
Femtosecond Soliton Collapse by Frequency Modulation Instability in Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (1991)

Recent experiments [1-3] have reported the amplification of femtosecond solitons in erbium doped optical fibers. Whenever the spectral width of the soliton is as wide as the linewidth of the amplifier, the gain that is seen by the pulse is reduced with respect to that of a weak continuous wave signal. However, it has been observed that the pulse width remains virtually unchanged, at least over some initial stage of the amplification process. Physically, this is due to the fact that the pulse shape is determined by two competing effects. From one side, the amplified pulse tends to remain a soliton and therefore to compress its time width. On the other hand, the finite spectral width of the gain leads to preferential amplification of the central part of the pulse spectrum and this would lead to pulse broadening. If these two effects balance each other, the output pulse width may remain almost undistorted. This compensation is however an unstable phenomenon.
Quantitative comparison of spot detection methods in live-cell fluorescence microscopy imaging (2009)

In live-cell fluorescence microscopy imaging, quantitative analysis of biological image data generally involves the detection of many subresolution objects, appearing as diffraction-limited spots. Due to acquisition limitations, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be extremely low, making automated spot detection a very challenging task. In this paper, we quantitatively evaluate the performance of the most frequently used supervised and unsupervised detection methods for this purpose. Experiments on synthetic images of three different types, for which ground truth was available, as well as on real image data sets acquired for two different biological studies, for which we obtained expert manual annotations for comparison, revealed that for very low SNRs (ap2), the supervised (machine learning) methods perform best overall, closely followed by the detectors based on the so-called h-dome transform from mathematical morphology and the multiscale variance-stabilizing transform, which do not require a learning stage. At high SNRs (>5), the difference in performance of all considered detectors becomes negligible.
Full-chip to device level 3D thermal analysis of RF integrated circuits (2008)

A multi-scale modeling approach is proposed and employed to investigate thermal issues and to enable "thermally aware" design of radio-frequency (RF) integrated circuits (ICs). Thermal analysis from full-chip scale down to the single transistor level was made possible with the development of this approach using the finite volume three-dimensional (3D) numerical technique. We have developed new tools that import GDSII layout of entire IC and, for the purpose of generating full-chip 3D thermal model, automatically eliminate the minuscule layout elements that do not affect thermal results. We present here our approach and examples of using equivalent thermal conductivity blocks in place of "forest of vias" typical in modern ICs. Our method and tools are demonstrated on a couple of RF ICs based on a high performance SiGe BiCMOS technology. The tool provides a 3D temperature map that can show thermal gradients across a chip, as well as local temperature distribution (hot spots) down to single transistor level. This allows introducing temperature back into design process. The multi-scale modeling is verified with infrared temperature measurements.
Assembly of the γ-Secretase Complex Involves Early Formation of an Intermediate Subcomplex of Aph-1 and Nicastrin (2003)

The gamma-secretase complex is an unusual multimeric protease responsible for the intramembrane cleavage of a variety of type 1 transmembrane proteins, including the beta-amyloid precursor protein and Notch. Genetic and biochemical data have revealed that this protease consists of the presenilin heterodimer, a highly glycosylated form of nicastrin, and the recently identified gene products, Aph-1 and Pen-2. Whereas current evidence supports the notion that presenilin comprises the active site of the protease and that the other three components are members of the active complex required for proteolytic activity, the individual roles of the three co-factors remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that endogenous Aph-1 interacts with an immature species of nicastrin, forming a stable intermediate early in the assembly of the gamma-secretase complex, prior to the addition of presenilin and Pen-2. Our data suggest 1) that Aph-1 is involved in the early stages of gamma-secretase assembly through the stabilization and perhaps glycosylation of nicastrin and by scaffolding nicastrin to the immature gamma-secretase complex, and 2) that presenilin, and later Pen-2, bind to this intermediate during the formation of the mature protease.
The current state of risk stratification and EuroSCORE in cardiac surgery (2010)

The current state of risk stratification and EuroSCORE in cardiac surgeryReaders of the Saudi Heart Journal of will be familiar with the European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) as the world's most widely used cardiac surgical risk model (Nashef et al., 1999).Recent papers have cast doubt on the validity of this model, now more than 10 years old, for risk assessment in the second decade of the third millennium.It is worthwhile to pause and reflect a little on where we are now in relation to risk assessment.