gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Age-related bone loss in women evaluated by the single and dual photon technique. (1988)

Bone mass and density were measured at two forearm sites (proximal and distal BMC/BMD) and in the spine (spinal BMC/BMD) by respectively single and dual photon absorptiometry in 141 healthy women aged 20-80 years. The proximal forearm site contains approximately 15% trabecular bone and the distal site equal amounts of trabecular and cortical bone. At all three sites linear regression analysis on pre- and postmenopausal women separately revealed accelerated decline in bone density after the menopause. Polynomial regressions in BMC and BMD versus menopause-adjusted age fitted the changes better than a linear regression in the peripheral skeleton, but not in the spine. In both the forearms and the spine the age-related reduction in bone could be described by a combined model, assuming a linear decrease before the menopause and an exponential one thereafter. According to this model, the premenopausal annual changes were 0.067% (proximal site), 0.187% (distal site) and 0.098% (spine). The annual changes during the first postmenopausal year were 3.7, 3.7 and 4.6%. No matter which model was applied to the data, the reduction in the oldest women was lowest in the spine. These data indicate that there are some small differences in the age-related changes in cortical and trabecular bone, but that the reduction of both types of bone accelerates after the menopause.
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION OF VASCULAR CELLS INDUCES EXPRESSION OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY ADHESION MOLECULES BY PARACRINE ACTION OF SECRETED INTERLEUKIN-1??1 (2000)

We propose that HCMV infection induces IL-1beta release and subsequent up-regulation of pro-inflammatory adhesion molecules on noninfected neighboring cells through a paracrine mechanism. This may lead to local potentiation of the inflammatory effects of HCMV infection, not amenable to current therapeutic antiviral strategies.
Making A Good Layout (1992)

Here Lori Siebert and Lisa Ballard, both successful graphic designers, take you step-by-step through the process of making a good layout. You'll find five highly illustrated, well-organized (and well laid-out!) chapters.
Histologic evaluation of pulpal response to MTA and capsaicin in cats (2012)

Introduction: In direct pup capping, the exposed pulp is directly capped with a capping material to provoke a dentinal bridge formation to seal the exposed area.The aim of this study was to evaluate the pulpal response to MTA and capsaicin in cats. Methods: The sample for this experimental study consisted of 24 canines of cats, weighed approximately 3-4kg. After sedation, the teeth were cut and exposed at 3mm above cementoenamel junction, then divided into two groups: 1) direct pulp capping with MTA 2) direct pulp capping with Capsaicin. The cavities were filled with glass ionomer cement (Fuji IX). The cats were sacrificed in the first, second, and fourth weeks 4 canine teeth were extracted for the purpose of histologic analysis. 6Serial sections were cut parallel to the longitudinal axis of the canines. The sections were stained with hematoxylin & eosin, and were observed and analyzed using a light microscope. Results: In both groups treated with MTA and capsaicin, the inflammation decreased during weeks1, 2, and 4. Less inflammation was seen in MTA group but there was no statistical difference between the two groups (p=0.22). In the group treated with capsaicin, necrosis was observed in every 12 samples, but in the other group treated with MTA, only 1 pulp necrosis was seen in the first week (p=0.000). There was no significant difference in dentinal barrier formation, inflammatory response, and soft tissue changes between the two groups. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that capsaicin can decrease the severity of inflammation, but it is ineffective in dentinal barrier formation.
Structure of the <i>Escherichia coli</i> Response Regulator NarL<sup>,</sup> (1996)

The crystal structure analysis of the NarL protein provides a first look at interactions between receiver and effector domains of a full-length bacterial response regulator. The N-terminal receiver domain, with 131 amino acids, is folded into a 5-strand beta sheet flanked by 5 alpha helices, as seen in CheY and in the N-terminal domain of NTRC. The C-terminal DNA-binding domain, with 62 amino acids, is a compact bundle of 4 alpha helices, of which the middle 2 form a helix-turn-helix motif closely related to that of Drosophila paired protein and other H-T-H DNA-binding proteins. The 2 domains are connected by an alpha helix of 10 amino acids and a 13-residue flexible tether that is not visible and presumably disordered in the X-ray structure. In this unphosphorylated form of NarL, the C-terminal domain is turned against the receiver domain in a manner that would preclude DNA binding. Activation of NarL via phosphorylation of Asp59 must involve transfer of information to the interdomain interface and either rotation or displacement of the DNA-binding C-terminal domain. Docking of a B-DNA duplex against the isolated C-terminal domain in the manner observed in paired protein and other H-T-H proteins suggests a stereochemical basis for DNA sequence preference: T-R-C-C-Y (high affinity) or T-R-C-T-N (low affinity), which is close to the experimentally observed consensus sequence: T-A-C-Y-N. The NarL structure is a model for other members of the FixJ or LuxR family of bacterial transcriptional activators, and possibly to the more distant OmpR and NtrC families as well.
Low-complexity co-channel interference cancellation and macroscopic diversity for high capacity PCS (2002)

More than a factor of 3 increase in overall PCS capacity can be achieved in small, hand-held communication devices with limited battery power or in small, low-complexity base stations when incorporating simple interference cancellation techniques without training sequences in the channel access algorithm that realizes macroscopic selection diversity based on signal quality measurement. The comparison is done with respect to microscopic selection diversity and macroscopic selection diversity based on channel power measurement. Results were obtained by computer simulations.
An innovative, efficient current-fed push-pull grid connectable inverter for distributed generation systems (2006)

Environmentally friendly power sources such as photovoltaic solar cells, small scale wind turbines and fuel cells are particularly suitable for distributed generation systems, but typically produce a relatively low magnitude DC voltage output that can vary significantly as operating conditions change. Hence a power electronic inverter is required to condition this output into a more conventional constant magnitude AC supply voltage. Such an inverter should be light weight, low cost, efficient, and provide galvanic isolation between the source and the AC output/grid connection. It is also often preferable that the inverter draws constant DC current from the input energy source, which means it must smooth out the double-fundamental-frequency energy flow of a single phase AC load connection. These requirements can be met with a double conversion system incorporating a high frequency DC-DC step up converter to produce a relatively constant high voltage DC output from the varying DC input, and a high voltage DC-AC inverter and filter to produce the final AC output. This paper describes the winning entry inverter developed by the Monash University FEC undergraduate team for the 2005 IEEE Future Energy Challenge to meet these requirements. The specifications for the inverter were quite challenging in terms of input voltage range, efficiency, volume weight and cost. Design details, innovations, and simulation and experimental results are included in the paper.
Electric heaters based on nanomodified paraffin with selfinstalling heat contact for antiicing systems of aerospace crafts (2018)

Improved effectiveness of ice protection systems of aerospace crafts can be achieved with the development of more effective heaters. Self-regulating electric heaters based on positive or negative temperature coefficient have achieved the highest demand. Development of heaters with such properties involves various matrixes based on cement, glass frit, asphalt mastic, and polymers. Conductivity in such matrixes is governed by metallic or carbon filler. Carbon nanostructures possess the greatest effectiveness. The synthesis method of carbon nanostructures and composites to which they are introduced, the basic properties of resulting electric heaters are determined. To study the effectiveness of electric heaters, a non-contact method of temperature field measurement was used. CNT were synthesized using the Ni/MgO catalytic system, using the thermal decomposition method. CNT morphology was studied using the field emission electron microscope Hitachi H-800. During the investigation, it was found that for the electric heater based on paraffin modified with CNT, the basic specific power was 800±10 % W/m2 at an ambient temperature of +10 °C. When the temperature was lowered to -40 °C, specific power increased to 1,600±20 % W/m2. Dynamic change of power at different temperatures indicated the presence of a self-regulating effect. Thermal images of the heat contact have revealed that heat radiation stabilizes at 56 °С. The developed heaters can operate at a voltage up to 200 V and possess rational electrophysical and functional parameters, which allow for effective operation in ice protection systems for aircrafts
LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES: An Expanding Color Palette for Biotechnology (2013)

Think of any multiplexed biological technique. RT-PCR. DNA sequencing. Flow cytometry. Microscopy. All work on different principles. Yet all have one common factor: fluorescence. The ever-expanding variety of fluorescent molecules, nanoparticles, and proteins has expanded the palette, so to speak, of biological experimentation. The pages of research journals may be filled mostly with reds and greens, but today's researchers have literally dozens of hues available from which to choose. Such variety has expanded the spectrum of applications and instrumentation available to the research community. The future of fluorescence multiplexing has never seemed so, ahem, bright.
Multinuclear NMR studies of the Langendorff perfused rat heart (1989)

The quantitation of intracellular sodium ion concentration [Na+]in perfused organs using NMR spectroscopy requires a knowledge of the extent of visibility of the 23Na resonance and of the intracellular volume of the organ. We have used a multinuclear NMR approach, in combination with the extracellular shift reagent dysprosium (III) tripolyphosphate, to determine the NMR visibility of intra- and extracellular 23Na and 35Cl ions, intracellular volume, and [Na+]in in the isolated Langendorff perfused rat heart. Based on a comparison of the extracellular volumes calculated using 2H and 23Na, 35Cl, or 59Co NMR of the perfused heart we conclude that resonances of extracellular sodium and chloride ions (including ions in interstitial spaces) are fully visible, contrary to assumptions in the literature. Furthermore, prolonged hypoxia or ischemia caused a dramatic increase in intracellular Na+ and [Na+] in rose to approach that in the external medium indicating full visibility of the intracellular 23Na resonance. Resonance intensities of intra- and extracellular 23Na ions, along with a knowledge of the extracellular space as a fraction of the total organ water space, yielded an average [Na+] in of about 10 mM (10 +/- 1.5 mM) for the rat heart at 37 degrees C. Double-quantum filtered 23Na NMR of the perfused rat heart in the absence and presence of paramagnetic reagents revealed, contrary to assumptions in the literature, that both intra- and extracellular sodium ions contribute to the detected signal.
Six Sigma methodology applied to minimizing damping lag in hydraulic shock absorbers (2011)

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to identify the root cause of the temporary decrease of the damping force during the early stage of the compression phase of the stroking cycle, the so called damping lag, to describe measures of the phenomenon and to present methods for optimizing the design towards minimizing this (negative) effect. Design/methodology/approach: Theoretical background is presented in a constructive and computable manner with emphasis on measurement data analysis and MATLAB/Simulink modeling. Six Sigma tools were used to validate the model statistically and, more importantly, to propose a method of data-driven optimization of the design. Findings: Root cause of the occurrence of the damping lag was confirmed during model validation to be caused by oil aeration. The dependence of the damping lag on parameters is nonlinear. Six Sigma methodology proved to be useful in achieving design optimality. Research limitations/implications: Statistical model and conclusions drawn from it are only valid in the interior of the investigated region of the parameter space. Additionally, it might not be possible to find a local minimum of the aeration measure (damping lag) inside the selected region of the parameter space; global minimum located at the boundary might be the only possible solution. Practical implications: Optimal value of parameters is not unique and thus additional sub-criteria (cost/ durability) can be imposed. Conducting tests in an organized manner and according to the Six Sigma methodology allows for expediting the design optimization process and eliminating unnecessary costs. Originality/value: : Improvements in understanding and measuring aeration effects constitute a clear foundation for further product optimization. Signal post-processing algorithms are essential for the statistical analysis and are the original contribution of this work.
Utilization of multiple block cipher hashing in authentication and digital signatures (2002)

A new algorithm for authentication and digital signature is introduced. It is based on using four different hash functions classified as very secure against all attacks except the brute force one. The hash function used is selected by computing nf/sub i/=r/sub i/ mod 4 where r/sub i/ is randomly generated and the initial hash sequence H/sub 0/ is publicized by the sender. According to nf/sub i/, he/she prepares every message block M/sub i/ for encryption by applying a special block cipher technique to obtain the cipher block C/sub i/. Then, the corresponding new hash value H/sub i/ is obtained. The value r/sub i/ is encrypted to R/sub i/ using the sender's secret RSA key d/sub s/ and then the receiver's public one e/sub r/ (this could be reversed if n/sub r/>n/sub s/ where n/sub r/ and n/sub s/ are the modulus numbers of the receiver and sender respectively). The code sent by the sender to the receiver is composed of the combination (C/sub i/, H/sub i/, R/sub i/). This could be useful in checking the integrity of the transmitted message as a whole. The receiver reads the public values H/sub 0/, e/sub s/ and n/sub s/. Then he/she decrypts the cipher C/sub i/ and uses his private RSA key d/sub r/ and the senders public one e/sub s/ to decrypt R/sub i/. Decryption of C/sub i/ yields the prepared block before encryption and decryption of R/sub i/ yields the value r/sub i/. Using r/sub i/, the receiver can compute nf/sub i/=r/sub i/ mod 4. Using nf/sub i/ and H/sub i-1/, he/she can compute the message block M/sub i/' and the hash value H/sub i/'. If H/sub i/'=H/sub i/ then M/sub i/'=M/sub i/ and this means that the message block M/sub i/' was sent by the sender. If this condition is not satisfied, then the message is either changed or sent by another sender. This algorithm is easy to implement and hard to attack.
SMART TRANSPORT - A SURVEY OF TRACKING TECHNOLOGIES FOR CARGO CONTAINERS AND THEIR TRANSPORT PLATFORMS (2003)

As the threat of terrorism rises, nations seek solutions to secure their ports and lanes of commerce upon the world's oceans and skies, The transport industry has taken the lead in developing new technologies to track cargo containers and the transport platforms, for billions of dollars are at stake, This thesis examines the present and future communication and tracking systems used by the transport industry, Furthermore, an investigation into the tracking methods for high-value items such as diamonds will be disclosed, By analyzing the communication and tracking systems used by the transport industry, elements of the Homeland Security organization can mitigate terrorism on the lanes of commerce and ultimately prevent weapons of mass destruction from entering the United States,
Classification of Killer and Non-Killer Silicon Carbide Epitaxial Defects and Accurate Prediction of Device Yield (2017)

The identification and classification of all defects present in Silicon Carbide device material is very important for the successful proliferation of SiC power devices. The various classes of defects affect not only yield, but can also cause reliability issues. In this work, we present the identification of silicon carbide epitaxial defects and their classifications into various defect types. Further these are categorized into killer and non killer defects and verified by electrical tests on commercial diode wafers. The sources of these classified defects are identified and a clustering model is built, which is verified by comparing yield on wafers fabricated with different die sizes.
Sequential Matching Model for End-to-end Multi-turn Response Selection (2019)

Multi-turn conversation understanding is an important challenge for building intelligent dialogue systems, and end-to-end multi-turn response selection is one of the major tasks. Previous state-of-the-art models used hierarchy-based (utterance-level and token-level) neural networks to explicitly model the interactions among the different turns' utterances for context modeling. In this paper, we demonstrate that the potentials of sequential matching approaches have not yet been fully exploited in the past for multi-turn response selection. We investigate a sequential matching model based only on chain sequence for multi-turn response selection. The proposed model outperforms all previous models, including previous state-of-the-art hierarchy-based models, and achieves new state-of-the-art performances on two large-scale public multi-turn response selection benchmark datasets.
Technologies and Guidelines for Service Creation in NGN (2003)

Network Operators can see next Generation Networks (NGN) as new revenue stream, thanks to the potential they could have in increasing the service offering. Therefore it&apos;s important to understand how proposed technologies and solutions in NGN market can enable, flexible and easy service creation [4] . This paper presents the result of the investigation of Eurescom P1109 project [1] in the area of advanced technologies that enable the introduction of new services in NGNs [6]. These technologies are evaluated with respect to some key evaluation criteria and then a comparison is provided.
Schottky diodes from asymmetric metal-nanotube contacts (2006)

Carbon nanotube Schottky diodes were fabricated using asymmetric metal-nanotube contacts. These devices were prepared from semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes contacted by one Al or Ti electrode and one Au electrode. Nanotubes formed a low resistance contact with the Au electrode and a Schottky contact with the Al or Ti electrode. Electronic transport through the Schottky barriers was determined by the competition between tunneling and thermionic emission, which could be tuned by a back gate voltage.
Sexual Harassment, Labor Arbitration and National Labor Policy (1994)

This article first reviews the general standards for court review of labor arbitration awards, including the current status of the law concerning review of awards on a public policy basis. The article will then identify the cases in which courts have struggled to balance the importance of upholding labor arbitration awards against a perceived conflict with the strong and acknowledged public policy against sexual harassment. These cases will then be used to demonstrate how a narrow review standard is most consistent with national labor policy and how reviewing courts may not always understand the labor arbitration process or appreciate the interests it protects. The article asserts that most perceptions of a "conflict" between the policies of arbitral finality and prevention of sexual harassment are flawed and that there is generally not a true conflict in policy even where the arbitrator directs reinstatement. The article concludes with a recommendation for a narrow standard of review and with suggestions for advocates and arbitrators which should make it easier for a court to uphold an award.
EOS/ESD analysis of high-density logic chips (2005)

Electrical overstress (EOS) and electrostatic discharge (ESD) are a major cause for field failures in integrated circuits. Effective design of I/O protection circuits is important to achieve overall EOS/ESD reliability. A wide range of CMOS applications is leading to IC chips with different on-chip capacitance values. Using experimental methods combined with device/circuit simulators, we show the important role of chip capacitance on effective I/O protection design.
Efecto del plasma rico en plaquetas sobre el crecimiento óseo y la osteointegración en injertos de seno maxilar en seres humanos: tres informes de casos bilaterales (2002)

El plasma rico en plaquetas es un producto autologo que se obtiene a partir de la sangre entera mediante el proceso de centrifugacion por gradiente de densidad. La supuesta utilidad de este producto en implantologia dental y en los tratamientos de aumento oseo radica en la posibilidad de incorporar a la mezcla injertada concentraciones elevadas de los factores de crecimiento PDGT, TGF-B1, TGF-B2 el IGF, y de fibrina. Los estudios realizados han demostrado un aumento del ritmo de maduracion y la densidad del hueso cuando se anade este producto, o sus factores de crecimiento recombinantes, a defectos oseos reducidos o de mayor tamano en los que se utiliza hueso autogeno como material de injerto. En el presente estudio hemos valorado la eficacia del plasma rico en plaquetas en tres casos de injerto sinusal bilateral con hueso bovino anorganico que apenas contenia hueso autogeno. El analisis histomorfometrico indico que la adicion de plasma rico en plaquetas a los injertos no indujo ninguna diferencia significativa en la produccion de hueso vital o en el contacto oseo interfacial con los implantes estudiados.
Privacy Protection for Life-log System (2007)

Tremendous advances in wearable computing and storage technologies enable us to record not just snapshots of an event but the whole human experience for a long period of time. Such a \life-logandamp;quot; system captures important events as they happen, rather than an after-thought. Such a system has applications in many areas such as law enforcement, personal archives, police questioning, and medicine. Much of the existing eandamp;reg;orts focus on the pattern recognition and information retrieval aspects of the system. On the other hand, the privacy issues raised by such an intrusive system have not received much attention from the research community. The objectives of this research project are two-fold: andamp;macr;rst, to construct a wearable life-log video system, and second, to provide a solution for protecting the identity of the subjects in the video while keeping the video useful. In this thesis work, we designed a portable wearable life-log system that implements audio distortion and face blocking in a real time to protect the privacy of the subjects who are being recorded in life-log video. For audio, our system automatically isolates the subject's speech and distorts it using a pitch- shifting algorithm to conceal the identity. For video, our system uses a real-time face detection, tracking and blocking algorithm to obfuscate the faces of the subjects. Extensive experiments have been conducted on interview videos to demonstrate the ability of our system in protecting the identity of the subject while maintaining the usability of the life-log video.