gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndromes: pre-Golgi and Golgi disorders? (1993)

The carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndromes are a recently delineated group of genetic, multisystemic diseases with major nervous system involvement. Three distinct variants have been recognized and there are probably many more. They are characterized by a deficiency of the carbohydrate moiety of secretory glycoproteins, lysosomal enzymes and probably also membranous glycoproteins. The biochemical changes are most readily observed in serum transferrin and the diagnosis is usually made by isoelectric focusing of this glycoprotein. The deficiency of sialic acid, in particular, results in a cathodal shift and hence the presence of abnormal isoforms of transferrin with higher isoelectric points than normal. The basic defects are probably in the processing and synthesis of the carbohydrate moiety of glycoproteins; there is indirect evidence for a deficiency of asparagine-N-linked oligosaccharide transfer in type I (endoplasmic reticulum defect) and for a deficiency of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II in type II (Golgi defect). From the large number of patients detected in only a few years, it is expected that these diseases will become as important as, for example, the lysosomal, peroxisomal or mitochondrial disorders. Their study will undoubtedly yield a wealth of new information on the function of glycoproteins and of their carbohydrate moiety.
Heterocyclization of vic‐Substituted Hydroxamic Acid Salts of Acetylenylpyrazoles: A New Procedure for the Preparation of Pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridin‐7‐ones. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Silica Black (1934)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSilica BlackC. A. JacobsonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1934, 26, 7, 798–800Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1934Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1934https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50295a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50295a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views33Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Integration of moth-eye structures into a poly(dimethylsiloxane) stamp for the replication of functionalized microlenses using UV-nanoimprint lithography (2011)

The increasing demand for low cost camera modules for mobile devices requires technological solutions for the manufacturing process. One of the most promising fabrication processes for microlenses for camera modules is UV-nanoimprint lithography. In a typical fabrication process, an elastomer stamp is used to replicate microlenses. In this work, a method is presented to integrate moth-eye structures as an antireflective layer into a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) stamp containing a microlens array. The integration of these structures is done by a thermoforming process. Due to the integration of the moth-eye structures into the PDMS stamp, the optical performance of the replicated microlenses can be improved and no additional processing steps are necessary after the replication process.
The presenilin protein family member SPE-4 localizes to an ER/Golgi derived organelle and is required for proper cytoplasmic partitioning during <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> spermatogenesis (1998)

During Caenorhabditis elegans spermatogenesis, asymmetric partitioning of cellular components principally occurs via ER/Golgi-derived organelles, named fibrous body-membranous organelles. In C. elegans spe-4 mutants, morphogenesis of fibrous body-membranous organelle complexes is defective and spermatogenesis arrests at an unusual cellular stage with four haploid nuclei within a common cytoplasm. The spe-4 encoded integral membrane protein is a diverged member of the presenilin family implicated in early onset Alzheimer's disease. Specific antisera were used to show that SPE-4 resides within the fibrous body-membranous organelles membranes during wild-type spermatogenesis. Several spe-4 recessive mutants were examined for SPE-4 immunoreactivity and a deletion mutant lacks detectable SPE-4 while either of two missense mutants synthesize and localize immunoreactive SPE-4 within their fibrous body-membranous organelles. One of these missense mutations is located within a motif that is common to all presenilins. spe-4 mutants were also examined for other partitioning defects and tubulin was found to accumulate in unusual deposits close to the plasma membrane. These results suggest that wild-type SPE-4 is required for proper localization of macromolecules that are subject to asymmetric partitioning during spermatogenesis.
Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Learning Disabilities: A Focus on NF1 (2010)

Neurofibromatosis Type I (NF1) is a single-gene disorder characterized by a high incidence of complex cognitive symptoms, including learning disabilities, attention deficit disorder, executive function deficits, and motor coordination problems. Because the underlying genetic cause of this disorder is known, study of NF1 from a molecular, cellular, and systems perspective has provided mechanistic insights into the etiology of higher-order cognitive symptoms associated with the disease. In particular, studies of animal models of NF1 indicated that disruption of Ras regulation of inhibitory networks is critical to the etiology of cognitive deficits associated with NF1. Animal models of Nf1 identified mechanisms and pathways that are required for cognition, and represent an important complement to the complex neuropsychological literature on learning disabilities associated with this condition. Here, we review findings from NF1 animal models and human populations affected by NF1, highlighting areas of potential translation and discussing the implications and limitations of generalizing findings from this single-gene disease to idiopathic learning disabilities.
The Relationship Between Firm Growth, Size, and Age: Estimates for 100 Manufacturing Industries (1987)

This study uses a sample of all firms operating in 100 manufacturing industries to examine some aspects of firm dynamics. It finds that firm growth, the variability of firm growth, and the probability that a firm will fail decrease with firm age. It also finds that firm growth decreases at a diminishing rate with firm size even after controlling for the exit of slow-growing firms from the sample. Gibrat's Law therefore fails, although the severity of the failure decreases with firm size. Copyright 1987 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Face verification using Local Graph Stucture (LGS) (2014)

Verification of human face plays an important role in social interaction, such as recognition and security. In this paper, a novel generative approach for face verification based on Local Graph Structure (LGS) description is proposed. A generic face model is considered as a collection of LGS-histograms. Local Graph Structure (LGS) operator is defined as a gray-scale invariant texture measure, derived from a general definition of texture in a local neighborhood. The histograms of the LGS were used for verification, various distance/similarity measures classifiers, namely, the Euclidian distance, the City block distance, the cosine similarity measure and the mahalanobis cosine. The experiments results on standard ORL face database images demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Methodological issues in the assessment of satiety (2000)

Satiety is notoriously difficult to assess because of the considerable overlap between physiological and cognitive factors in its development. Short-term studies of satiety are typically based on a variation of the classic preload paradigm while medium-term studies involve observations of food intake, where some or all of the foods may be covertly manipulated. However, both short- and medium-term studies have generated highly variable outcomes, depending on the exact methodology used. Methodological issues that need to be considered when designing and interpreting satiety studies include 1) the use of free-living or laboratory studies, 2) the sensitivity and statistical power of the study, 3) subject selection, 4) antecedent diet of the subjects, 5) the formulation of the preload, 6) the use of subjective ratings of satiety, 7) the time interval between preload and subsequent test meal(s), 8) the formulation of the test meal(s) and 9) use of ad libitum vs fixed diet regimens in medium-term studies. Keywords: Appetite, food intake, hunger, satiation, satiety
A Proficient Technique to Communicate and to Detect Emotions of a Differently - Abled Persons Using Sensor Devices and Electroencephalogram Signals (2013)

This paper presents an effective communication method for differently-Abled persons. Emotion is an important aspect in the interaction between humans. It is fundamental to human experience and rational decision-making. Generally, normal people can easily interact with one another but Sign language is the only means of communication for those who are dumb and deaf. This paper describes the design and working of a system which is used to communicate and to detect emotions of dumb and deaf. Hence by this methodology differently-abled people can able to interact with each other and also with the normal people. The dumb people use their standard sign language which is not recognizable by common people. For This purpose we are converting the sign language into voice which is easily understandable by normal people. Sensors and electrodes are used to detect the sign language and emotions that are processed by microcontroller (ATMEGA) where the in-built ADC converts the given analog signals into digital form. Then this digital signal is transmitted to PC via zig-bee. The PC produces the voice output for sign language (Differently abled to Normal people) and voice is translated into text form(normal people to Differently-Abled) and their corresponding EEG signal determines the state of mind(Happy, Sad, Frustrated, etc.)
Synthesis and characterization of copolyesters containing the phosphorus linking pendent groups (1999)

Poly(ethylene terephthalate)-co-poly(ethylene DDP)s [PET-co-poly(ethylene DDP)s], were synthesized by charging 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOP), itaconic acid, terephthalic acid, and ethylene glycol in one reactor to conduct the microaddition reaction (using H2PtCl6 as catalyst), esterification reaction, and polycondensation reaction. H2PtCl6 has demonstrated to be a highly efficient microaddition catalyst to improve the DDP conversion. The microaddition reaction of the phosphorus compound (DOP) with the itaconic acid can be proceeded at a significantly lower temperature (110°C) and results in higher conversion (> 98%). The use of the H2PtCl6 catalyst makes it possible to charge all the reactants in one reactor to produce high molecular weight phosphorus-containing copolyesters without requiring the presynthesis of the DDP. These resulting copolyesters are identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H-NMR, and differential scanning calorimetric analysis. Thermal characteristics, thermal stability, intrinsic viscosity, acid value, and rheological and mechanical properties of these copolyesters were also characterized. The presence of the bulky pendent phosphorus side groups in the copolyester tends to decrease the structural regularity and retards its crystallization. The formation of a protected char layer for the phosphorus-containing copolyester raises the decomposition temperature of the copolyester under an oxygen atmosphere higher than that of PET. The limiting oxygen index values of all phosphorus-containing copolyesters are all higher than 33. Higher phosphorus content results in decreasing crystallinity, lower melting temperature, lower decomposition temperature, as well as lower tensile strength, but increasing residual char after thermal degradation and higher limiting oxygen index value. The rheological behaviors of copolyesters remain similar to that of PET. The glass temperatures of copolyesters are all ∼ 77°C (76.8°–77.2°C). Incorporation of phosphorus moieties into its molecular chain has a significant effect on thermal and flame retardancy behavior. However, the crystal lattice of all copolyesters do not change with incorporation of the pendent phosphorus side group in the backbone of the copolyester. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 72: 109–122, 1999
Application of Phase Shifting Transformers for Daniel-McKnight 500kV Interconnection (1986)

Large phase-shifting transformers (PST's) are not common in the United States, consequently, little has been published concerning these unique transformers. This paper will discuss the application, design, testing, and protection of two parallel 1000 MVA 230kV PST's which were installed at the Plant Daniel substation of Mississippi Power Company (MPC) on the McKnight 50OkV interconnection with Gulf States Utilities (GSU). These units have been in operation since May, 1984 and have experienced no problems.
Enhancement of light extraction of GaN light-emitting diode using opals layer (2007)

Light emitting diodes (LEDs) based on indium gallium nitride (InGaN) have been used widely in lighting applications and have shown great potential with high wall-plug efficiency and low manufacturing cost. However, one of the roadblocks in achieving higher light-extraction efficiency is total internal reflection, which prevents a majority of the photons from being extracted from the LEDs. The objective of this paper is to investigate measures for improving LED chip efficiency. Here, a high efficiency LED structure has been theoretically demonstrated using an infiltrated opal layer. A layer of indium-tin oxide (ITO) infiltrated opals was deposited on the surface of the LED chips as the light extraction layer in order to enhance the light extraction efficiency. Opals of similar radius periodically arranged on the structure will work as a rough surface. By enhancing the light extraction angle, the spontaneous emission from the active region can be emitted vertically. At the same time, opals with different radius and different refractive indexes are also studied. ITO, as the infiltration, is used to provide good lateral current spreading. The plane wave expansion (PWE), finite difference time domain (FDTD), and rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) methods are used to calculate the energy band structures and the extraction efficiency of the infiltrated opals layer. The scanning method and the Monte Carlo method are employed to optimize the structural parameters of the infiltrated opal layer. The infiltrated opals layer on the LED shows a high light extraction efficiency of over 60%.
EFFECTS OF CHROMIUM PICOLINATE AND RESISTANCE TRAINING ON BODY COMPOSITION OF OLDER MEN 1573 (1997)

This study tested the hypothesis that high-dose chromium picolinate(Cr-pic) supplementation would augment resistance training (RT)-induced changes in body composition of older men. Eighteen sedentary men, age range 56-69 y, BMI 30.2 ± 2.9 kg/m2 (mean ± SD), were randomly assigned (double-blind) to groups (n=9) that consumed either 17.8 μmol Cr/d(924 μg Cr/d) as Cr-pic or a low-Cr placebo (<0.1 μg Cr/d) during a 12-wk RT program (2 d/wk, 3 sets/exercise/d, 80% of one repetition maximum). With RT in these weight-stable men, percent body fat decreased, fat-free mass(FFM) increased, protein plus mineral mass (PMM) increased, and muscle mass(MM, from urinary creatinine excretion) increased. Cr-pic did not influence any of these RT-related body composition changes.Table These data demonstrate that high-dose chromium picolinate supplementation had no effect on body composition during a high intensity resistance training program which had significant, independent effects on measures of body composition, including increased muscle mass.
Regular exposure to rabies virus and lack of symptomatic disease in Serengeti spotted hyenas (2001)

We report a previously unrecognized complexity to the ecology of rabies in wildlife. Rabies-specific virus-neutralizing antibodies in spotted hyenas, the most numerous large carnivore in the Serengeti ecosystem (Tanzania, East Africa), revealed a high frequency of exposure of 37.0% to rabies virus, and reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR demonstrated rabies RNA in 13.0% of hyenas. Despite this high frequency, exposure neither caused symptomatic rabies nor decreased survival among members of hyena social groups monitored for 9 to 13 years. Repeated, intermittent presence of virus in saliva of 45.5% of seropositive hyenas indicated a "carrier" state. Rabies isolates from Serengeti hyenas differed significantly (8.5% sequence divergence) from those isolated from other Serengeti carnivores, suggesting that at least two separate strains circulate within the Serengeti carnivore community. This finding is consistent with the fact that exposure in hyenas increased with age and social status, following a pattern predicted by intraspecific age and social-status-dependent oral and bite contact rates. High seroprevalence of rabies, low basic reproductive rate of the virus (R(0)) of 1.9, a carrier state, and the absence of symptomatic rabies in a carnivore in an ecosystem with multihost and multistrain maintenance has not been previously demonstrated for rabies. Because of the substantial differences between the hyena viral isolates and those from canids and viverrids in the Serengeti, it is unlikely that spotted hyenas were the source of rabies virus that killed several African wild dog packs in the Serengeti ecosystem in the 1990s.
스토아학파의 영혼의 인식론적 훈련과 철학적 치유 (2012)

This treatise is purposed to examine spiritual exercises and principles of philosophical healing which is extracted from the principal arguments of epistemology by analyzing stoic texts in Hellenistic period. First, it has to research how to be explained phantasia in Greek philosophy, and received it`s variation in stoic epistemology. Second, it is analyzed the important role and function of kataleptike phantasia in stoicism, and inquired how to be established it`s status confronting with critics of ancient pyrrhonism. There is a difference between stoicism and pyrrhonism on kataleptike phantasia. Pyrrhonist sceptics is abolished it`s role in epistemology. But stoicism make to work phantasia by introducing ``assesment``(synkatathesis) relative to reasonal judgement. Kataleptike phantasia is utilized as the proper principle of action by assesment. Third, stoicism prescribed some principles as philosophical training and therapy. They are the cognition of ``thing itself`` and ``the exercise of discernment``, the point of view of the cosmos, and ``the exercise of self-expanding``, the view from above and ``the exercise of transcendental or unworldly attitude``.
The Relationship Between Task Performance And Perceived Quality Of Life Of Families With Adopted Special-Needs Children (1994)

A correlational approach was utilized in this study to investigate the relationship between adoption related task performance and perceived quality of life of families with an adopted special-needs child. Additionally, a set of contextual variables suggested by the literature to influence family functioning with an adopted special-needs child were also studied. Purposive and availability sampling approaches were employed to identify the sample of special-needs adoptive families (N = 289) to whom a survey questionnaire was sent. Both mothers and fathers were asked to complete the Survey. Eighty-six mothers and 53 fathers completed and returned the survey questionnaire ( N: 91 families). The sample was approximately 60% Caucasian and 40% minority, primarily middle class, protestant, and with one adopted special-needs child currently living in the home. On average, the child had been in the adoptive home for 5.9 years since placement. It was found that contextual variables, rather than variables associated with task performance, were stronger predictors of perceived quality of life for both mothers and fathers. The contextual variable, stress related to parenting, emerged as the strongest predictor of lower measures of satisfaction for both mothers and fathers. In addition, for mothers, spousal support was a significant predictor of higher satisfaction with life, family life, relationship with child, and marriage. For fathers, the adoption related task, participating in adoptive family reunions, was a significant predictor of higher family life satisfaction. It was suggested that social workers can take a role in implementing services that help adoptive parents cope with stress, and enhance their opportunities for increased socialization with other adopters. Policies and services which ultimately enhance the adoptive family's sense of competence through such activities as these should be developed, funded, and implemented.
Chemical Composition and Hypoglycemic and Pancreas-Protective Effect of Leaf Essential Oil from Indigenous Cinnamon (Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kanehira) (2013)

The antidiabetic effect of cinnamon has generated broad interest during the past decade. We investigated the hypoglycemic activity and pancreas-protective effect of leaf essential oil from indigenous cinnamon (CO) in diabetic rats induced with streptozotocin (STZ, iv, 65 mg/(kg bw)) and found linalool to be the major component representing 40.24% of the CO composition. In diabetics, all tested doses of CO significantly lowered fasting blood glucose and fructosamine and are concomitant with elevated plasma and pancreatic insulin levels under a fasting condition. However, during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) period the effect of 25 and 50 mg/(kg bw) of CO was shown to be less effective than that of 12.5 mg/(kg bw) in ameliorating the accumulation of plasma insulin. In addition, at 12.5 mg/(kg bw), CO significantly ameliorated pancreatic values of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase in diabetics to an extent greater than that of higher CO doses. At doses 12.5 and 25 but not 50 mg/(kg bw), CO significantly ameliorated pancreatic levels of interleukin-1β and nitric oxide. In conclusion, appropriate doses of CO of the linalool chemotype exhibited therapeutic potential in glycemic control in diabetes that was at least partially resulted from improved insulin secretion. The ameliorated oxidative stress and proinflammatory environment in the pancreas by CO may provide a protective effect on pancreatic β cells and warrant further investigation.