gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supersonic Motion of Vacuum Spark Plasmas along Magnetic Fields (1958)

Studies of plasmas produced by sparks in vacuum are reported. The observations of principal interest concern the speed with which such plasmas leave the spark. The conclusions about plasma speeds are that they are approximately ten times greater than the thermal speeds associated with spark temperature, varying between 2 × 106 and 2 × 107 cm/sec, and in the range observed, the velocities are approximately independent of the spark parameters. It is suggested that the pinch effect may be the mechanism of plasma acceleration.
A neurophysiological study of DDT‐pyrethroid isosteres on the labellar hair receptor of <i>Lucilia cuprina</i> (1984)

Abstract A novel group of oxime O‐ether insecticides was tested on the labellar taste receptors of the blowfly Lucilia cuprina. Some of the compounds failed to elicit any response at the receptor, while the neurophysiologically active compounds generated multiple nerve spikes similar to DDT. The insect toxicities of all the oxime O‐ethers were tested by topical application on the same strain of blowfly. The relationships between structure, index of multiplicity and LD 50 values are discussed.
HOV IMPROVEMENTS ON SIGNALIZED ARTERIALS IN THE SEATTLE AREA. FINAL REPORT. VOLUME III: N.E. 85TH HOV STUDY (1993)

This paper discusses the problems that are inherent with adding a higher speed HOV lane to an arterial with its unlimited access points. Investigation of current literature shows that although freeway HOV applications have been researched and understood to an adequate degree, almost no data of any kind are available to predict the of an arterial HOV project. Further, it is proposed that not only does the research not exist, but that the measures of effectiveness to evaluate existing arterial HOV lanes are severely lacking. In addition to the literature search, a motorist survey was handed out to collect data describing commute trip behavior. Questions about trip origin, destination, and purpose were asked to determine what residential and commercial zones were being served by NE 58th/Redmond Way, and for what purpose. The questionnaire also requested information on the duration of the trip and the occupancy of the vehicle. These data were used as input for a mathematical model to predict the volumes on the facility one year after the implementation of an HOV lane. Since the model was based on past freeway applications across the nation, the threats to validity which that causes were also presented. The final questions on the survey concerned the motorists' own predictions about how likely they were to carpool and what they thought were some of the problems preventing them. These views were compared with the results from the model. The predictions and resulting of the project were evaluated versus the stated objectives of the Eastside Transportation Program (ETP) policy statement.
The effect of elongation of a peptide substituent with ArgSer motif on the antimicrobial properties of hemin derivatives (2018)

The natural metalloporphyrin hemin possesses a number of properties that determine its attractiveness as a basis for creating potential medicines. The development of research in this area is restrained by hemin’s pronounced toxicity, mainly in relation to normal red blood cells, and also by its water insolubility. We previously synthesized amino acid and peptide hemin derivatives with sufficient water solubility and in some cases high antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal) potency [1, 2]. In order to establish the relationship between structure and function, this paper studies the peptide substituent in hemin derivatives (HD) elongated by multiplying the -ArgSer- motif and its effect on the biological and physicochemical properties of their aqueous solutions. A nonlinear nonmonotonic dependence of their physicochemical properties and biological potency on the HD concentration and the length of peptide substituent was revealed based on calculations of hydrophilic properties of substituents in HD and a study by electron and laser correlation spectroscopy of their properties in aqueous solutions.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,4‐Dinitrophenol: A Novel Activating Reagent in Nucleotide Synthesis via the Phosphoramidite Route. Design of New Effective Phosphitylating Reagents. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Comparison of the Accuracy and Speed of Transient Mobile A/C System Simulation Models (2014)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The operation of air conditioning (A/C) systems is a significant contributor to the total amount of fuel used by light-and heavy-duty vehicles. Therefore, continued improvement of the efficiency of these mobile A/C systems is important. Numerical simulation has been used to reduce the system development time and to improve the electronic controls, but numerical models that include highly detailed physics run slower than desired for carrying out vehicle-focused drive cycle-based system optimization. Therefore, faster models are needed even if some accuracy is sacrificed.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In this study, a validated model with highly detailed physics, the “Fully-Detailed” model, and two models with different levels of simplification, the “Quasi-Transient” and the “Mapped-Component” models, are compared. The Quasi-Transient model applies some simplifications compared to the Fully-Detailed model to allow faster model execution speeds. The Mapped-Component model is similar to the Quasi-Transient model except instead of detailed flow and heat transfer calculations in the heat exchangers, it uses lookup tables created with the Quasi-Transient model. All three models are set up to represent the same physical A/C system and the same electronic controls. Speed and results of the three model versions are compared for steady state and transient operation. Steady state simulated data are also compared to measured data.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The results show that the Quasi-Transient and Mapped-Component models ran much faster than the Fully-Detailed model, on the order of 10- and 100-fold, respectively. They also adequately approach the results of the Fully-Detailed model for steady-state operation, and for drive cycle-based efficiency predictions</div></div>
Realtime Planning for High-DOF Deformable Bodies Using Two-Stage Learning (2018)

We present a method for planning the motion of arbitrarily-shaped volumetric deformable bodies or robots through complex environments. Such robots have very high-dimensional configuration spaces and we compute trajectories that satisfy the dynamics constraints using a two-stage learning method. First, we train a multitask controller parameterized using dynamic movement primitives (DMP), which encodes various locomotion or movement skills. Next, we train a neural-network controller to select the DMP task to navigate the robot through environments while avoiding obstacles. By combining the finite element method (FEM), model reduction, and contact invariant optimization (CIO), the DMP controller's parameters can be optimized efficiently using a gradient-based method, while the neural-network's parameters are optimized using Deep Q-Learning (DQL). This two-stage learning algorithm also allows us to reuse the trained DMP controller for different navigation tasks, such as moving through different environmental types and to different goal positions. Our results show that the learned motion planner can navigate swimming and walking deformable robots with thousands of DOFs at realtime.
Virological and serological aspects of hepatitis B and the delta agent. (1993)

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) belongs to a group of viruses termed hepadnaviruses. The 3.2 kb genome encodes for a variety of proteins involved in viral replication (p-gene), transactivation (x-gene), or encodes for structural proteins (c- and s-genes). Several viral and non-viral functions determine the clinical course of HBV infection. The hepatitis D virus resembles a viroid and requires the HBV as a helper virus. The interaction between the viruses is not well understood. More information on the interaction between the human host and viruses is needed to help improve the treatment.
Erratum: Substrate-induced Band Gap Renormalization in Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes (2014)

The quasiparticle band gaps of semiconducting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) supported on a weakly-interacting hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) substrate are computed using density functional theory and the GW Approximation. We find that the direct band gaps of the (7,0), (8,0) and (10,0) carbon nanotubes are renormalized to smaller values in the presence of the dielectric h-BN substrate. The decrease in the band gap is the result of a polarization-induced screening effect, which alters the correlation energy of the frontier CNT orbitals and stabilizes valence band maximum and conduction band minimum. The value of the band gap renormalization is on the order of 0.25 to 0.5 eV in each case. Accounting for polarization-induced band gap changes is crucial in comparing computed values with experiment, since nanotubes are almost always grown on substrates.
Extended characterization of MCP110, an inhibitor of Ras-dependent signaling: Mode of action and preclinical analysis (2004)

3992 The Ras signaling pathway is activated either by direct mutation of Ras or its effector B-Raf, or by constitutive signaling from upstream Ras-regulatory factors, in a broad variety of human cancers. Numerous studies have documented that the growth and survival of these cancer cells requires uninterrupted Ras signaling, nominating the Ras pathway as an extremely important target for development new anticancer therapies. We have recently identified a new class of small molecular weight inhibitors of the interaction between the Ras and Raf proteins, and confirmed that these agents are effective in reversing numerous hallmarks of Ras-dependent transformation (Khazak et al., AACR 2002, Kato-Stankiewicz et al., PNAS, 2002). We have further explored the target specificity using one family member, MCP110, as prototype. MCP110 effectively reduces epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced transcriptional activation of the Ras-MEK-ERK-dependent Elk1 promoter. In contrast, MCP110 only minimally affects the transcriptional activation of a large set of nonspecific controls. Furthermore, MCP110 reverses transformed morphology and inhibits both anchorage-dependent and –independent growth of NIH3T3 fibroblasts stably transformed with mutationally activated Ras (K- (12V), N- (12D), or H- (12V)), but not with B-Raf (V599E), or Raf-1 (Raf22W or c-Raf-CAAX). Also, MCP110 has notable potency in NIH3T3 cells transformed with a G-protein-coupled receptor derived from Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus, an upstream regulator of the Ras signaling cascade. Taken together, these results support the idea that MCP110 acts specifically to inhibit transformation at a point between Ras and Raf. In preclinical analysis, we have collaborated with the NCI DTP group to determine GI50 values for MCP110 in inhibiting proliferation at the 60 human tumor cell panel representing 9 different types of cancer. MCP110 effectively inhibits proliferation in a significant fraction of these cells, including lines derived from leukemias, non-small cell lung, breast, and colon carcinomas with known activation of Ras-pathway signaling. We have further explored the ability of MCP110 to potentiate the anti-tumor activity of other established signaling pathway inhibitors and chemotherapeutic agents. In test of MCP110 activity in combination with the MEK inhibitor U0126, the PLC 2 inhibitor AACOCF 3 , the PKC inhibitor Staurosporine, and the microtubule-targeting agent taxol, the most potent and striking potentiation of cell killing is seen in the combination of MCP110 and taxol. We will discuss the mechanistic basis of these combination effects. Finally, we have begun to evaluate the MCP inhibitor class in vivo. Data will be presented demonstrating that MCP110 and related compounds are well tolerated in vivo in mice, as will be preliminary experiments indicating MCP110 anti-tumor efficacy in a mouse xenograft model.
Use of an in Vitro Assay for Determination of Biofilm-Forming Capacity of Bacteria in Chronic Rhinosinusitis (2006)

This in vitro assessment method is capable of detecting biofilm-forming capacity in bacteria recovered from individuals with CRS. This simple assay may be a useful complement to existing techniques for clinical research.
Cytological features of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of the salivary gland-relationship of intercalated duct-like cells and clear myoepithelial cells- (2006)

筋上皮系細胞が関与する唾液腺腫瘍は, 多形腺腫や腺様嚢胞癌がよく知られているが, 上皮筋上皮癌に対する細胞学的所見やその考え方などは必ずしも一致していない.したがって, 本稿では本腫瘍の構成成分である導管上皮細胞と淡明筋上皮細胞の出現形態およびその関係を明らかにした.さらに, 鑑別診断および淡明細胞を伴う悪性唾液腺腫瘍の診断的留意点についてまとめた.淡明細胞優位の上皮筋上皮癌の質的診断を行う際には, 他の唾液腺腫瘍との違いを理解しておくことが重要であり, α-smooth muscle actinあるいはP63抗体を用いた免疫細胞化学を併用するほうがよい.
Allometric scaling of wall shear stress from mice to humans: quantification using cine phase-contrast MRI and computational fluid dynamics (2006)

Allometric scaling laws relate structure or function between species of vastly different sizes. They have rarely been derived for hemodynamic parameters known to affect the cardiovascular system, e.g., wall shear stress (WSS). This work describes noninvasive methods to quantify and determine a scaling law for WSS. Geometry and blood flow velocities in the infrarenal aorta of mice and rats under isoflurane anesthesia were quantified using two-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography and phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging at 4.7 tesla. Three-dimensional models constructed from anatomic data were discretized and used for computational fluid dynamic simulations using phase-contrast velocity imaging data as inlet boundary conditions. WSS was calculated along the infrarenal aorta and compared between species to formulate an allometric equation for WSS. Mean WSS along the infrarenal aorta was significantly greater in mice and rats compared with humans (87.6, 70.5, and 4.8 dyn/cm(2), P < 0.01), and a scaling exponent of -0.38 (R(2) = 0.92) was determined. Manipulation of the murine genome has made small animal models standard surrogates for better understanding the healthy and diseased human cardiovascular system. It has therefore become increasingly important to understand how results scale from mouse to human. This noninvasive methodology provides the opportunity to serially quantify changes in WSS during disease progression and/or therapeutic intervention.
Propagation characteristics of an optical waveguide with a diffused core boundary (1970)

When a unimode glass-fibre optical waveguide is produced by the double-crucible process, diffusion between core and cladding glasses is known to occur. The refractive-index profiles are determined theoretically in the letter for different rates of diffusion, under the assumption of infinite cladding radius. Subsequently the propagation characteristics of the dominant HE11 mode have been computed by means of a stratification approximation to the continuous refractive-index profile. Only at high diffusion rates is the predicted increase in electromagnetic dispersion unacceptable.
J0610103 Study on Heat Management and Optimal Flow Channel Structure in Portable PEFC with Open Cathode and Blower Fan (2014)

As a smaller and lighter hydrogen PEFC, we adopted "Dead-end mode" and "Open-cathode" systems. Previous study showed that dry-out and anode flooding deteriorate the cell performance under drier air and higher current density conditions. In this paper, the effective methods to prevent dry-out and anode flooding were investigated experimentally using a single cell simulating the temperature distribution in a PEFC stack. It was shown that, in the condition that dry-out is caused easily by large increase in the cell temperature, the higher flow rate of the cathode air with low humidity improves cooling capacity, but also makes the MEA drier, resulting in dry-out. This means that it is difficult to suppress the dry-out by the control of the cathode air and other cooling method is needed. The results of experiment introducing a cooling channel showed that the control of the cooling air through the cooling channel is effective for suppressing the dry-out, and the control of the cathode air is also effective for suppressing the anode flooding.
Lattices for light sources (2006)

This paper is intended to provide a guideline on how to design the lattice (i.e., the magnet arrangement) of a high brightness light source. In the introductory section we will consider the general framework to the design, clearify the steps of the design process and the interfaces to technical engineering, the lattice designer has to take into account. In the second section we will examine the lattice building blocks, i.e., the magnets. A short detour to magnet design will help to understand the limitations of magnet strength. An introduction to beam dynamics is not the subject of this paper, instead all relevant formula to understand subsequent sections are summarized in section three without any derivation. Section four focusses on emittance and how to build a lattice for obtaining low emittance. This is rst explained in a most intuitive way, then the theoretical minimum emittance and deviations from the minimum conditions are calculated in some details. The nal section dealing with the problem of acceptance considers the requirements for beam life time and injection ef ciency. Physical acceptances will be discussed in some details, whereas the large subject of dynamic acceptance optimization is subject of another lecture [25] and only brie y summarized here.
Endovascular scissoring in the management of complicated acute aortic dissection involving the infradiaphragmatic aorta (2018)

Complicated infrarenal aortic dissection conveys higher morbidity and mortality than proximal dissection. Septum maturation has a significant impact on false lumen modulation. We present two cases of infrarenal aortic aneurysm occurrence after acute dissection. Both cases had a DISSECT score of Sa, Ab, Di, C, PT Ab. Both were managed medically for 14 days, followed by endovascular scissoring, creating a fenestration window that was enhanced with stenting.
Soporific Effect of the Neurosteroid Pregnanolone in Relation to the Substance’s Plasma Level: A Pilot Study (1996)

The soporific effect of the neuroactive steroid pregnanolone, a metabolite of progesterone, and its relationship with plasma concentrations was assessed in 18 young, healthy, male volunteers for 2 h after administration of a single dose of pregnanolone prepared in two different formulations. Sedation was measured as sleep propensity and power increase in the low frequency delta band of the quantified EEG, based on 5-min polygraphic (EEG, EOG, EMG) recordings under resting conditions, which were performed immediately before, and 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after intake of the study drug. With both formulations, there was a time-dependent increase in plasma concentration of pregnanolone with highest values 1-2 h postdosing. The model of short polygraphic recordings under resting conditions demonstrated soporific effects of pregnanolone. Compared to predosing baseline the number of sleep attempts and the time asleep increased after treatment with a peak 60 min postdosing. Quantitative EEG analysis revealed an increase of absolute amplitude in the delta frequency range with a comparable temporal pattern. Correlations between the soporific effect and plasma concentrations of pregnanolone suggest that the effects were drug-related, although this has to be replicated with placebo control.
Reply to Goldenberg (2011)

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Enhancing TCP Performance in AMC Based Broadband Wireless Access Networks (2008)

In this paper, we study wireless links that are enhanced using adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) techniques. In particular, we consider a cross-layer protocol approach that modifies the behavior of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) using AMC techniques. An application of the proposed system for an IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) based Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN) is presented. The performance of the system has been studied using discrete event simulation models in ns2 and compared to TCP-Reno and TCP-Tahoe schemes. The results indicate that in our system, queueing delay and packet drops that result due to buffer overrun are minimized. We also show that our system achieves better throughput fairness when multiple flows share a bottle-necked access link.
The role of retrobulbar and retinal circulation on optic nerve head and retinal nerve fibre layer structure in patients with open-angle glaucoma over an 18-month period (2014)

Reductions in retrobulbar and retinal blood flow over time were associated with structural glaucomatous progression, as indicated by retinal and optic nerve changes.
Nitinol surface finishing by magnetoelectropolishing (2008)

AbstractAbstractA new advanced technology is proposed to obtain bare metal surfaces for peripheral stents, endodontic files and another medical devices. The effect of an externally applied magnetic field during electropolishing (magnetoelectropolishing) of Nitinol on its surface properties was investigated. The results are compared with standard electropolished Nitinol in the same electrolyte under the same process conditions. To evaluate surface properties, the following techniques were used: SEM and EDX, AFM, contact angle measurement, Auger electron spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and fatigue resistance testing. All of the above analyses showed significant differences between magnetoelectropolished and conventional electropolished Nitinol surfaces. The two most prominent differences, which are likely to have the most profound implications on increased use of this intermetallic material in medical application are improved wettability and fatigue resistance.Keywords: NITINOLSURFACE PROPERTIESPASSIVE LAYERSTANDARD ELECTROPOLISHINGMAGNETOELECTROPOLISHINGWETTABILITY