gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Enzyme Replacement Therapy on Bone Mineral Density in Type 1 Gaucher Disease. (2005)

Abstract Objective: To determine the effect of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT; Cerezyme®, imiglucerase for injection) on bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with type 1 Gaucher disease (GD). Methods: The GD population included all adults (males 18–70y, females 18–50y) with type 1 GD enrolled in the International Collaborative Gaucher Group (ICGG) Gaucher Registry for whom serial spine BMD measurements were submitted. BMD data with up to 12 years of follow-up were analyzed for 111 patients not on ERT, 218 patients on ERT only and 34 patients on ERT plus bisphosphonates. BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) Z-scores (age and sex-adjusted) in the lumbar spine of each patient. All measurements were compared to a reference population (Hologic reference standard). Results: DXA Z-scores for GD patients not on ERT were significantly lower than the reference population and remained approximately one standard deviation below the reference population over time (y intercept = −1.01, p&lt;0.001; slope= +0.012, p=0.63). The DXA Z-scores for GD patients receiving ERT-only were also significantly lower than the reference population at baseline, but improved significantly over time, and the model suggests that on average patients do achieve the same values as the reference population after approximately 12 years of ERT (y-intercept = −1.21, p&lt;0.001; slope= +0.092, p&lt;0.001). The DXA Z-scores for GD patients receiving ERT plus bisphosphonates had an even more rapid increase, on average approaching the reference population after approximately 6 years of treatment (y-intercept = −1.23, p&lt;0.001; slope = +0.202, p=.0003). Discussion and Conclusion: Osteopenia and osteoporosis are common manifestations of type 1 GD. ERT with Cerezyme® significantly improves BMD in patients with GD. Response to treatment with ERT for BMD may be slower than other aspects of GD. On average, GD patients achieve age- and sex-adjusted normal BMD after approximately 12 years of ERT. The addition of bisphosphonates to ERT may produce an additive effect, with patients achieving a normal BMD more rapidly. A normal (age- and sex-adjusted) BMD should be a therapeutic goal for patients with type 1 GD.
Statistical problems caused by missing data resulting from neodymium:YAG laser capsulotomies in long-term posterior capsule opacification studies (2008)

This study showed it is possible to perform statistical analyses without excluding incomplete cases. This approach is recommended for all studies with Nd:YAG dropouts as it increases the statistical power. Excluding incomplete cases may lead to biased or wrong study conclusions.
Scalable Fabrication of Nanowire Photonic and Electronic Circuits Using Spin-on Glass (2008)

We present a method which can be used for the mass-fabrication of nanowire photonic and electronic devices based on spin-on glass technology and on the photolithographic definition of independent electrical contacts to the top and the bottom of a nanowire. This method allows for the fabrication of nanowire devices in a reliable, fast, and low cost way, and it can be applied to nanowires with arbitrary cross section and doping type (p and n). We demonstrate this technique by fabricating single-nanowire p-Si(substrate)-n-ZnO(nanowire) heterojunction diodes, which show good rectification properties and, furthermore, which function as ultraviolet light-emitting diodes.
Zur Theorie des Haftstellenmechanismus in Halbleitern (1959)

Der Einfluß von Haftstellen auf die Photoleitfähigkeit von Halbleitern wird sowohl für den Fall einer konstanten Anregung als auch für die An- und Abklingvorgänge berechnet. Die experimentell zugänglichen Meßwerte (unter Einschluß des Temperaturganges) genügen zur Bestimmung aller charakteristischen Konstanten, d. h. Haftstellendichte, Termlage und Wirkungsquerschnitt für Elektronen und Löcher. Zu früheren Arbeiten wird Stellung genommen.
Mechanical agitation of hybridoma suspension cultures: Metabolic effects of serum, pluronic F68, and albumin supplements (1992)

Metabolic effects of the medium supplements, fetal bovine serum (FBS), Pluronic F68, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were compared for agitated bioreactor cultures of hybridoma cells. Agitation speeds up to 600 rpm, without entrainment of gas bubbles by sparging or vortex formation, allowed examination of cell interactions with turbulent fluid forces. For cultures in FBS-supplemented RPMI media, there was no significant effect of intense turbulent fluid shear on cell growth, metabolism, or antibody, production. Serum-free cultures (Pluronic F68 or BSA supplements) at 600 rpm demonstrated greatly increased glycolysis rates during exponential growth relative to controls. Nutrient limitations caused increased rates of decline of the viable cell concentrations and a reduction in final antibody titers by around 70%. The Pluronic F68 and BSA supplements did not lead to cell protection by modifying metabolism under conditions of intense turbulent fluid shear. Supplementing the protein-free medium with FBS reduced glycolysis rates in exponential growth phase, but this did not prevent a high rate of viable cell decline and low antibody titers. We concluded that FBS does not have a metabolic effect on cells subjected to intense turbulent fluid shear. Although the agitation conditions employed in this study were more intense than generally required for agitated bioreactor culture of hybridomas, we have demonstrated the importance of considering metabolic effects of turbulent fluid forces on cultures using nutrient-rich basal media, in addition to the considerations of gas bubble effects described by other workers.
Final Antigenic Melan-A Peptides Produced Directly by the Proteasomes Are Preferentially Selected for Presentation by HLA-A*0201 in Melanoma Cells (2004)

The melanoma-associated protein Melan-A contains the immunodominant CTL epitope Melan-A(26/27-35)/HLA-A*0201 against which a high frequency of T lymphocytes has been detected in many melanoma patients. In this study we show that the in vitro degradation of a polypeptide encompassing Melan-A(26/27-35) by proteasomes produces both the final antigenic peptide and N-terminally extended intermediates. When human melanoma cells expressing the corresponding fragments were exposed to specific CTL, those expressing the minimal antigenic sequence were recognized more efficiently than those expressing the N-terminally extended intermediates. Using a tumor-reactive CTL clone, we confirmed that the recognition of melanoma cells expressing an N-terminally extended intermediate of Melan-A is inefficient. We demonstrated that the inefficient cytosolic trimming of N-terminally extended intermediates could offer a selective advantage for the preferred presentation of Melan-A peptides directly produced by the proteasomes. These results imply that both the proteasomes and postproteasomal peptidases limit the availability of antigenic peptides and that the efficiency of presentation may be affected by conditions that alter the ratio between fully and partially processed proteasomal products.
Regulatory functions of the Mediator kinases CDK8 and CDK19 (2018)

The Mediator-associated kinases CDK8 and CDK19 function in the context of three additional proteins: CCNC and MED12, which activate CDK8/CDK19 kinase function, and MED13, which enables their association with the Mediator complex. The Mediator kinases affect RNA polymerase II (pol II) transcription indirectly, through phosphorylation of transcription factors and by controlling Mediator structure and function. In this review, we discuss cellular roles of the Mediator kinases and mechanisms that enable their biological functions. We focus on sequence-specific, DNA-binding transcription factors and other Mediator kinase substrates, and how CDK8 or CDK19 may enable metabolic and transcriptional reprogramming through enhancers and chromatin looping. We also summarize Mediator kinase inhibitors and their therapeutic potential. Throughout, we note conserved and divergent functions between yeast and mammalian CDK8, and highlight many aspects of kinase module function that remain enigmatic, ranging from potential roles in pol II promoter-proximal pausing to liquid-liquid phase separation.
A transversely excited copper halide laser with large active volume (1978)

Operation of a pulsed copper halide laser excited by transverse discharge and with an active volume of 250 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> is reported. Total laser output pulse energies (at λ5106 and 5782 Å combined) of 2.5 mJ per pulse and peak powers exceeding 100 kW have been achieved in the double-pulse mode with CuBr as the lasant.
Function approximation in the framework of evidence theory: a connectionist approach (2002)

We propose a novel approach to functional regression based on the transferable belief model, a variant of the Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence. This method uses reference vectors for computing a belief structure that quantifies the uncertainty attached to the prediction of the target data, given the input data. The procedure may be implemented in a neural network with specific architecture and adaptive weights. It allows to compute an imprecise assessment of the target data in the form of lower and upper expectations. The width of this interval reflects the partial indeterminacy of the prediction resulting from the relative scarcity of training data.
Multipath Component Distance-Based Fingerprinting Technique for Non-Cooperative Outdoor Localization in NLOS Scenarios (2014)

Accurate localization of mobile phone users is needed for search and rescue applications or for electronic surveillance in urban or suburban areas. Assuming that the mobile station (MS) has been roughly localized by the cellular network or by any other means, we propose an approach using dedicated base stations (BSs), deployed in the zone where the MS is situated and forcing the MS to transmit. In this work, a fingerprinting framework is proposed to localize the MS in this non-cooperative mode and outdoor non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions. First, the wireless channels between the MS and one or several BSs are measured to estimate the angular and delay characteristics of the most powerful rays. In a second step, the multipath component distance metric is used to compare the channel characteristics to those predicted by a ray-launching model for all possible MS positions within the area of interest. After describing in detail the principle of the method, a statistical analysis of the location errors is presented based on the simulation of both the MS-BS and the BS-MS links.
NECROSIS OF THE RAT KIDNEY TISSUE CAUSED BY A POLYDEPSIPEPTIDE FORMULATION CONTAINING CIS-PLATINUM (1988)

A needle-type polydepsipeptide ([AlaAlaGlu (OEt) Lac]) formulation contaning cis-platinum was implanted into the nomal kidney of a male Wistar rat. The kidney tissue surrounding the formulation could be divided into three layers : necrotic, necrobiotic, and normal. The maximum thickness of necrotic tissue was observed on the seventh day after implantation and was found to be 2800μm. Cis-platinum released from the formulation was retained in the surrounding tissue and was visualized by soft X-ray. A polydepsipeptide polymer formulation without cis-platinum implanted into the kidney was degraded completely within 7 weeks. However, the biodegradability of the polymer formulation containing cisplatinum was markedly suppressed because of the necrotic tissue barrier. It was 37% after 7 weeks of implantation. Electron microscopically, small holes were found in the formulation after drug release. The number of such small holes increased with time. These findings indicated that the release of cisplatinum proceeds from the surface to the center of the needle-type formulation.
DNAzyme motor systems and logic gates facilitated by toehold exchange translators (2022)

DNAzyme motor systems using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as scaffolds are useful for biosensing and in situ amplification because these systems are free of protein enzymes, isothermal, homogeneous, and sensitive. However, detecting different targets using the available DNAzyme motor techniques requires redesigns of the DNAzyme motor. We report here a toehold-exchange translator and the translator-mediated DNAzyme motor systems, which enable sensitive responses to various nucleic acid targets using the same DNAzyme motor without requiring redesign. The translator is able to efficiently convert different nucleic acid targets into a specific output DNA that further activates the pre-silenced DNAzyme motor and consequently initiates the autonomous walking of the DNAzyme motor. Simply adjusting the target-binding region of the translator enables the same DNAzyme motor system to respond to various nucleic acid targets. The translator-mediated DNAzyme motor system is able to detect as low as 2.5 pM microRNA-10b and microRNA-21 under room temperature without the need of separation or washing. We further demonstrate the versatility of the translator and the DNAzyme motor by successful construction and operation of four logic gates, including OR, AND, NOR, and NAND logic gates. These logic gates use two microRNA targets as inputs and generate amplified fluorescence signals from the operation of the same DNAzyme motor. Incorporation of the toehold-exchange translator into the DNAzyme motor technology improves the biosensing applications of DNA motors to diverse nucleic acid targets.
Mono-oxygenase activities of coho salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus kisutch</i>) liver microsomes using three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon substrates (1980)

1. Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene, and naphthalene were used as substrates for a coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) liver microsomal preparation. 2. The apparent Michaelis constants (Km) were as follows: benzo[a]pyrene, 2.1 microM; 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene, 15.3 microM; and naphthalene, 300 microM. 3. The results indicate that the microsomal preparation had a high affinity for 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene. Thus, 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene, an important constituent of petroleum products, is a useful substrate for research on the disposition in vivo and in vitro of xenobiotics introduced into marine environments by petroleum pollution.
The effects of impurities in corrosive media causing stress corrosion cracking in aisi 304 stainless steel (1962)

The influence of impurities in magnesium chloride upon the rate of attack of stress corrosion cracking in AISI 304 stainless steel has been investigated. Previous investigations in this laboratory indicated that different batches of technical grade magnesium chloride produced poor reproducibility of results. These inconsistencies were attributed to the presence of varying amounts of impurities which are commonly found in technical grade magnesium chloride. In this investigation, certified grade magnesium chloride was used with impurities intentionally added in order to determine how each affected the constants M and C in the following equation, which relates the maximum crack depth D, to the time of exposure to the corrosive medium, t: log t • D/M + log C The constant C represents the time of exposure to the corrosive media to nucleate cracking, and M is a function of the rate at which cracks propagate. It was determined that the impurity ions most commonly found in magnesium chloride were nitrate, sulfate, and calcium. A significant difference in the constants V and M was found to exist with the presence of each impurity. It was not determined, however, if a change in pH resulted from the addition of the impurity compounds. Hence, a further study is required in order to determine the pH of the corrosive media and the effects of its changes.
A facile synthesis of single crystal TiO2 nanorods with reactive {100} facets and their enhanced photocatalytic activity (2014)

High-energy {100} faceted single crystal TiO2 nanorods were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. An interesting phase transition from the orthorhombic hydrogen titanate to anatase TiO2 was observed during the reaction process. A structural formation model of the TiO2 nanorods was proposed based on experimental evidence. The resultant {100} faceted TiO2 nanorods exhibited considerably enhanced photocatalytic activity towards degradation of organic pollutants and removal of heavy metal ions owing to the special one-dimensional structure with the reactive {100} facets, thus showing a great potential in the field of water treatment. At the same time, the synthetic route provided guidance for the synthesis of high-energy {100} facets using EDTA and urea as effective modifiers. This approach may be extended to synthesize other functional oxide crystals with well-defined morphologies and to increase the percentages of certain exposed facets.
HIGH SPEED INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVE WITH ACTIVE MAGNETIC BEARINGS AND SLIDING MODE DECENTRALIZED CONTROL (1990)

ABSTRACT Active magnetic bearings are credited with high performance in terms of low energy consumption, high speeds, increased reliability and low maintenance costs. This paper discusses a high-speed induction motor with active magnetic bearings: both radial and axial. The decentralized control system of active magnetic bearings is based on sliding mode variable structure principle to provide robustness to parameter detuning and perturbations. Test results on a laboratory model of 300 W and 25000 rpm motor designed and built for the scope are very promising for applications to high speed machine tools, vacuum pumps etc.
Surface Roughness Enhanced Current in Defectively Stressing Poly-Oxide-Poly Capacitors (2006)

Surface roughness enhanced current stressing is shown to enhance the dielectric breakdown in poly-oxide-poly capacitors. Moreover, it is demonstrated for the first time that the changes of sophisticated polysilicon surface features as depicted by AFM-PSD (power spectral density) synthesis can globally become the dominant "defects" in deteriorating the dielectric reliability under a high electric field
Adaptive Source Localization Based Station Keeping of Autonomous Vehicles (2016)

We study the problem of driving a mobile sensory agent to a target whose location is specified only in terms of the distances to a set of sensor stations or beacons. The beacon positions are unknown, but the agent can continuously measure its distances to them as well as its own position. This problem has two particular applications: (1) capturing a target signal source whose distances to the beacons are measured by these beacons and broadcasted to a surveillance agent, (2) merging a single agent to an autonomous multi-agent system so that the new agent is positioned at desired distances from the existing agents. The problem is solved using an adaptive control framework integrating a parameter estimator producing beacon location estimates, and an adaptive motion control law fed by these estimates to steer the agent toward the target. For location estimation, a least-squares adaptive law is used. The motion control law aims to minimize a convex cost function with unique minimizer at the target location, and is further augmented for persistence of excitation. Stability and convergence analysis is provided, as well as simulation results demonstrating performance and transient behavior.
Bit reduction of DCT basis for transform coding (1997)

Extensive research has been carried out on transform coding using the discrete cosine transform (DCT) for compression of digital video data. Improvement of the video quality has been brought about by an increased number of pixels, such that a reduction of the time required for coding per pixel is highly desirable. When the multiplier coefficients in the coding operation or the values of the basis coefficients of the DCT are expressed as binary numbers, it is possible to reduce the operating time and simplify the process by using as few bits as possible. It is necessary to consider the constraint that the picture quality of the reconstructed video image should not be degraded by the reduction of the number of bits. In this paper, it is shown that the number of bits of the basis coefficients can be reduced under this constraint if quantization of the transform coefficients is taken into account. Also, the limiting value of the decrease of the number of bits in specific coding examples such as JPEG is determined. Finally, it is confirmed that the quality of the reconstructed video image changes very little even if the basis coefficients are represented by fewer bits than in previous schemes, provided that the reduction is within the limit presented in this paper. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 80(8): 81–91, 1997
Molecular Specificity of Human Heterophile Antibodies (HHA) in Normal Human Serum (NHS) Reacting with Xenogeneic Cells. (2012)

No abstract available
Rapid, Nonmechanical, Damage-Free Figuring Of Optical Surfaces Using Plasma-Assisted Chemical Etching (PACE): Part I Experimental Results (1989)

We present experimental results of an ongoing investigation demonstrating that Plasma Assisted Chemical Etching (PACE) can rapidly and controllably figure and smooth optical surfaces without mechanical contact; thus, removing the constraints on the design of optical elements imposed by mechanical processes, and, allowing higher quality optical surfaces. This process employs a plasma etch process originally developed to pattern micro-electronic circuits by etching through a relatively non-erodable lithographically patterned mask. The PACE process shapes the optical surface by removing material in a small area under a confined reactive gas plasma moved over the surface. Rates of removal as high as 10 m per minute are obtainable with accurate control. The removal footprint can be varied during the process. PACE inherently smooths or polishes while removing material, exposing a virgin surface free of process generated contamination and subsurface damage. Although other materials can also be figured by a PACE process, for this study, apparatus and processes were developed to explore the figuring of fused silica. Results will be shown demonstrating: repeatability and control of removal rate and footprint; predictability of material removal with plasma "tool" motion; and smoothing.
Serial Monitoring of the Physiological Effects of the Standard Pico-Salax® Regimen for Colon Cleansing in Healthy Volunteers (2012)

The proportion of individuals with hypokalemia, hypocalcemia and hypermagnesemia following two sachets of Pico-Salax is significant, but the magnitude of the changes was not clinically relevant in this relatively small group, and both calcium and potassium levels normalized at 24 h. Nonetheless, this could have implications in patients with pre-existing electrolyte abnormalities and the safety of dosing with more than two sachets.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of optically Active Insect Pheromones (1982)

Several syntheses of insect pheromones are discussed so as to illustrate three different approaches for the synthesis of chiral compounds : i) derivation from natural products, ii) optical resolution and iii) asymmetric synthesis. Our recent syntheses of the following pheromones are included in this review : the yellow scale pheromone, lineatin, serricornin, and the pheromone of the saltmarsh caterpillar moth. Relationship between stereochemistry and pheromone activity is briefly summarized to show the complicated nature of pheromone perception.
Genome‐wide polygenic scoring for a 14‐year long‐term average depression phenotype (2014)

Integrating multiple phenotype assessments spanning 14 years and applying different polygenic scoring approaches did not substantially improve genetic prediction of depression. Quantile regressions suggested the effects of PS may be largest at high quantiles of depressive symptom scores, presumably among people with additional, unobserved sources of vulnerability to depression.