gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Algorithm and architecture for logarithm, exponential, and powering computation (2004)

An architecture for the computation of logarithm, exponential, and powering operations is presented in this paper, based on a high-radix composite algorithm for the computation of the powering function (X/sup Y/). The algorithm consists of a sequence of overlapped operations: 1) digit-recurrence logarithm, 2) left-to-right carry-free (LRCF) multiplication, and 3) online exponential. A redundant number system is used and the selection in 1) and 3) is done by rounding except from the first iteration, when selection by table look-up is necessary to guarantee the convergence of the recurrences. A sequential implementation of the algorithm, with a control unit which allows the independent computation of logarithm and exponential, is proposed and the execution times and hardware requirements are estimated for single and double-precision floating-point computations. These estimates are obtained for radices from r=8 to r=1,024, according to an approximate model for the delay and area of the main logic blocks and help determining the radix values which lead to the most efficient implementations: r=32 and r=128.
Thermogenesis and thermoregulatory function of iron-deficient women without anemia. (1990)

Physiological responses at 16 degrees C were studied in 11 women, age 28 +/- 2(mean +/- S.E.) years and 26 +/- 2% fat, after their body iron stores were depleted by diet (5.0 mg iron x 2,000 kcal-1 x d-1), phlebotomy and menstruation for about 80 d and were repleted by diet (13.7 mg iron x 2,000 kcal-1 x d-1) for about 100 d, including daily iron supplementation (50 mg of iron as ferrous sulfate) for the last 14 d of repletion. Iron depletion was characterized by a decline (p less than 0.05) in hemoglobin (12.0 +/- 0.2 g x dl-1), ferritin (5.5 +/- 0.5 ng x ml-1) and body iron balance (-9.1 +/- 2.6 mg x 6 d-1). Iron repletion, including supplementation, increased (p less than 0.05) hemoglobin (12.6 +/- 0.1 g x dl-1), ferritin (9.5 +/- 0.4 ng x ml-1) and iron balance (+67 +/- 6.7 mg x 6 d-1). Iron depletion reduced (p less than 0.05) metabolic heat production (49.6 +/- 1.1 vs 53.6 +/- 1.2 W x m-2) during acute cold exposure. The rates of cooling of the core and periphery were greater (p less than 0.05) during iron depletion than repletion. A shift in the lower core temperature threshold for shivering was paralleled by an earlier onset of shivering (p less than 0.05) in iron depletion indicating an adaptation in cold tolerance in an attempt to maintain core temperature. Iron depletion was associated with blunted post-exposure increases in plasma thyroid hormone concentrations and greater (p less than 0.05) increases in plasma norepinephrine concentrations as compared to iron repletion. In a subsample of the women, no significant effect of calcium or ascorbic acid supplementation was found on responses to cold exposure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Modeling and Real-Time Scheduling of Large-Scale Batteries for Maximizing Performance (2015)

Modern electric vehicles are equipped with an advanced battery management system, responsible for providing the necessary power efficiently from batteries to electric motors while maintaining the batteries within an operational condition. Because discharge-rate and temperature of batteries affect their health and efficiency significantly, batteries are managed to mitigate their discharge and thermal stresses. In this paper, we develop a real-time, efficient integrated management system for discharge-rate and temperature of batteries. To achieve this objective, we first construct a prognosis system predicting the likely states of batteries' capacity and capability. Based on prognostic estimates of the impact of temperature and discharge-rate on the performance, we solve an optimization problem to search for efficient discharging and cooling scheduling. Our experimentation and simulation demonstrate that the proposed management enhances system performance up to 85.3%.
The In Vivo Effects of Oral Anticoagulants in Man: Comparison Between Liver and Non-Hepatic Tissues (1988)

The in vivo effects of oral anticoagulant therapy with 4-hydroxycoumarins on various vitamin K-dependent enzyme systems in man were compared. In hepatic microsomes obtained from donors who has been treated with 4-hydroxycoumarins for more than 6 months, the vitamin K 2,3 epoxide reductase activity and the DTT-dependent vitamin K quinone reductase activity were diminished to 35% and 20% of the corresponding normal values. In the non-hepatic tissues, only a small decrease in vitamin K 2,3 epoxide reductase activity could be demonstrated, while no differences were found in the vitamin K quinone reductase activities. In none of the tissues a significant increase of noncarboxylated precursor proteins was observed, whereas also vitamin K hydroquinone-dependent carboxylase activities seemed to be unaffected by the anticoagulant treatment.
sar Genetic determinants necessary for transcription of RNAII and RNAIII in the agr locus of Staphylococcus aureus (1997)

The temporal expression of most virulence factors in Staphylococcus aureus is regulated by pleiotropic loci such as agr and sar. We have previously shown that the sar locus affects hemolysin production because it is required for agr transcription. To delineate the sar genetic determinant required for agr transcription, single copies of fragments from the sar locus, encompassing the individual sar transcripts (sarA, sarC, and sarB), were introduced into a sar mutant via the integration vector pCL84. Although a DNA fragment encompassing the sarA transcript plus a 189-bp upstream region was sufficient for agr expression, complementation analysis revealed that the sarB transcript was the most effective in augmenting agr transcription as determined by RNAII and RNAIII transcription and gel retardation assays with the P2 and P3 promoters of agr. As the region upstream of the sarA transcript encodes a 39-amino-acid open reading frame, ORF3, it is possible that posttranslational cooperation between the sarA gene product and ORF3 may be necessary for optimal agr expression. Deletion studies demonstrated that an intact sarA gene is essential for agr transcription. However, mutagenesis and in vitro translation studies revealed that unlike the agr locus, the required element is the SarA protein and not the RNA molecule. Taken together, these results indicate that the sarA-encoded protein, possibly in conjunction with peptides encoded in the upstream region, regulates hemolysin production by controlling agr P2 and P3 transcription.
d11B and metal/Ca ratios versus size fractions in the Surface and deep dwelling species, ODP Holes 130-806B and 108-664C (2007)

We have assessed the reliability of several foraminifer-hosted proxies of the ocean carbonate system (d11B, B/Ca, and U/Ca) using Holocene samples from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. We examined chemical variability over a range of test sizes for two surface-dwelling foraminifers (Globigerinoides sacculifer and Globigerinoides ruber). Measurements of d11B in G. ruber show no significant relationship with test size in either Atlantic or Pacific sites and appear to provide a robust proxy of surface seawater pH. Likewise there is no significant variability in the d11B of our Atlantic core top G. sacculifer, but we find that d11B increases with increasing test size for G. sacculifer in the Pacific. These systematic differences in d11B are inferred to be a consequence of isotopically light gametogenic calcite in G. sacculifer and its preferential preservation during postdepositional dissolution. The trace element ratio proxies of ocean carbonate equilibria, U/Ca and B/Ca, show systematic increases in both G. ruber and G. sacculifer with increasing test size, possibly as a result of changing growth rates. This behavior complicates their use in paleoceanographic reconstructions. In keeping with several previous studies we find that Mg/Ca ratios increase with increasing size fraction in our well-preserved Atlantic G. sacculifer but not in G. ruber. In contrast to previous interpretations we suggest that these observations reflect a proportionally larger influence of compositionally distinct gametogenic calcite in small individuals compared to larger ones. As with d11B this influences G. sacculifer but not G. ruber, which has negligible gametogenic calcite.
Simple syntheses of (S)-2- and 4-amino-5-hydroxypentanoic acids (1987)

K. Barlos, P. Mamos, D. Papaioannou and S. Patrianakou, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1987, 1583 DOI: 10.1039/C39870001583
A Large Variety of Alternatively Spliced and Differentially Expressed mRNAs Are Encoded by the Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Gene AML1 (1996)

The human chromosome 21 acute myeloid leukemia gene AML1 is frequently rearranged in the leukemia-associated translocations t(8;21) and t(3;21), generating fused proteins containing the amino-terminal part of AML1. In normal blood cells, five size classes (2-8 kb) of AML1 mRNAs have been previously observed. We isolated seven cDNAs corresponding to various AML1 mRNAs. Sequencing revealed that their size differences were mainly due to alternatively spliced 5' and 3' untranslated regions, some of which were vast, exceeding 1.5 kb (5') and 4.3 kb (3'). These untranslated regions contain sequences known to control mRNA translation and stability and seem to modulate AML1 mRNA stability. Further heterogeneity was found in the coding region due to the presence of alternatively spliced stop codon-containing exons. The latter led to production of polypeptides that were smaller than the full-length AML1 protein; they lacked the trans-activation domains but maintained DNA binding and heterodimerization ability. The size of these truncated products was similar to the AML1 segment in the fused t(8;21) and t(3;21) proteins. In thymus, only one mRNA species of 6 kb was detected. Using in situ hybridization, we showed that its expression was confined to the cortical region of the organ. The 6-kb mRNA was also prominent in cultured peripheral blood T cells, and its expression was markedly reduced upon mitogenic activation by phorbol myristate acetate (TPA) plus concanavalin A (ConA). These results and the presence of multiple coding regions flanked by long complex untranslated regions, suggest that AML1 expression is regulated at different levels by several control mechanisms generating the large variety of mRNAs and protein products.
Semimicro Qualitative Analysis (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook and Media Revie...Book and Media ReviewNEXTSemimicro Qualitative AnalysisHenry Freiser Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 4, 214Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1953Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 April 1953Published inissue 1 April 1953https://doi.org/10.1021/ed030p214.1RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views122Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (965 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Structure solution and refinement of tetracaine hydrochloride from X-ray powder diffraction data (2002)

The previously unknown crystal structure of the local anaesthetic tetracaine hydrochloride (C15H25N2O2+Cl−) has been solved from synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data using a direct-space global optimisation method in which the position and conformation of a structural model is adjusted. The C15H25N2O2+ moiety and the chloride counterion were treated as independent units during the structure solution process. This complex structure has been solved despite the nine torsional degrees of freedom in the cation. A restrained Rietveld refinement of the initial solution gives an excellent fit to the data, with Rwp = 0.0956 and RF2 = 0.1638, and reveals the presence of a significant degree of preferred crystallite orientation in the sample. The crystal structure shows efficient packing involving parallel sheets made up of molecules lying parallel to one another, head-to-tail, in chains. Hydrogen bonds are observed between adjacent molecules and an extensive pattern of N+–Cl− contacts is apparent.
Abstract 4183: Overexpression of PTPN2 promotes lung cancer cell proliferation through ERK activation (2012)

Abstract Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer deaths in the world, and the incidence is increasing each year. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) and their associated signaling pathways are crucial for the regulation of numerous cell functions including growth, motility, mitogenesis and metabolism. PTPN2, also known as TCPTP, is an intracellular protein tyrosine phosphatase, which is ubiquitously expressed. There are two splice variants of TCPTP in human cells, TC45 and TC48, which vary at their C-terminal ends. The TC48 isoform is present in the endoplasmic reticulum and also in the nuclear membrane. However, its role and function on human non-small cell lung cancers remain unknown. In this study, we induced ectopic expression of PTPN2 (TC48) in CL1-0 and H1299 cells to investigate its effect on cell migration, invasion, and colony formation. The interacting proteins of PTPN2 are identified by yeast two-hybrid assay. The results showed that PTPN2 inhibited lung cancer cell proliferation, anchorage-dependent and -independent growth, but not migration and invasion. Yeast two-hybrid assay revealed that PTPN2 interacted with CD74 (major histocompatibility complex class II invariant chain) and PRDX6 (Peroxiredoxin 6) which could promote cell proliferation in previous studies. We also found that overexpression of PTPN2 increased the phosphorylation of ERK. Moreover, activation of ERK was enhanced by co-expression of PTPN2 and CD74 or PRDX6. Taken together, we speculated that PTPN2 might modulate ERK activity through interaction with CD74 and PRDX6 and further promoted lung cancer cell proliferation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4183. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4183
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of an Unexpected Product, a Functionalized Dioxane, under Aprotic Acetalization Conditions. (1986)

Abstract Das aus D‐Galactose zugängliche γ‐Lacton (I) liefert nach Debromierung den Methoxymethylether (II), der zu dem γ‐Ketoester (III) oxidiert wird.
On the multicast capacity of wireless ad hoc networks with network coding (2011)

In this paper, we study the contribution of network coding (NC) in improving the multicast capacity of random wireless ad hoc networks when nodes are endowed with multi-packet transmission (MPT) and multi-packet reception (MPR) capabilities. We show that a per session throughput capacity of Θ(nT <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> (n)) can be achieved as a tight bound when each session contains a constant number of sinks where n is the total number of nodes and T(n) is the transmission range <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> . Surprisingly, an identical order capacity can be achieved when nodes have only MPR and MPT capabilities. This result proves that NC does not contribute to the order capacity of multicast traffic in wireless ad hoc networks when MPR and MPT are used in the network. The result is in sharp contrast to the general belief (conjecture) that NC improves the order capacity of multicast. Furthermore, if the communication range is selected to guarantee the connectivity in the network, i.e., Ω (√(log n/n)) = T(n) = O(log log n/log n), then the combination of MPR and MPT achieves a throughput capacity of Θ(log 3/2 n/√n) which provides an order capacity gain of Θ(log <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> n) compared to the point- to-point multicast capacity with the same number of destinations.
Skin Biopsy Value and Leukoaraiosis (2000)

In the field of leukoaraiosis, the identification of CADASIL and its link to Notch 3 mutation has shed light on the pathogenesis of white matter (WM) abnormalities related to small-vessel disease. Since 1993, its systemic vascular involvement allows skin biopsy diagnosis and research on tissues before postmortem examination. We received 160 skin biopsies from patients presenting subcortical dementia, recurrent strokes, behavioral disturbances or migraines, and suspected CADASIL. Almost all the patients lacked the well-known vascular risk factors. The ultrastructural study was systematically carried out looking at the vessel walls and the other components found in skin. In a third, we found endothelial changes, destruction of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and characteristic granular osmiophilic material (GOM). In these cases, the genetic analysis confirmed the Notch 3 mutation. Curiously, the skin biopsies from the other two thirds presented marked alterations within the vessel walls. Such changes included destruction of VSMCs, lack of GOM, and replacement of these cells by an extracellular matrix. Frequently, we noticed endothelial pathological changes as well as other tissue impairments. By now, we are able to describe eight different groups of lesions according to either the prevalence of a lesion or the association of different lesions. The skin biopsy ultrastructural study seems to be highly informative given that we can observe vessel lesions and association of impairments in various tissues that might, in part, explain the brain vessel involvement and then the leukoaraiosis and probably some clinical symptoms. Moreover, these vessel lesions often belonged to young people (30-50 years old), and many of them seemed to run in families. These new data associated with early onset of clinical symptoms and leukoaraiosis would be extremely valuable in clarifying the wide field of leucoencephalopathy and might provide genetic research with new issues.
The Colouring of Anodized Aluminium by Means of Optical Interference Effects (1980)

SummaryThis paper describes a novel method of electrolytic colouring of anodized aluminium, whereby a wide range of coloured finishes can be produced. The method makes use of optical interference effects taking place between light scattered from the surfaces of the electrolytically deposited metal and the aluminium oxide/aluminium interface. In order to achieve significant colours, production of larger pores, at least in the region close to the barrier layer, is necessary. These larger pores can be produced both chemically or electrochemically, but the most convenient method is a short anodizing treatment in an electrolyte such as phosphoric acid. The electrolytic colouring conditions following pore modification are not critical and many metals and colouring conditions can be used. Ranges of rather muted interference colours, including attractive blue-grey, green-grey and yellow-bronze finishes, are produced by conventional deposition of metal into a film with suitably enlarged pores, but much brighter effects can be produced if deposition takes place under conditions in which growth of new anodic film beneath the metal deposits is also possible. In some cases this new film can be grown in a final anodizing stage following the electrolytic colouring process.
Multi-way partitioning via spacefilling curves and dynamic programming (1994)

Spectral geometric embeddings of a circuit netlist can lead to fast, high quality m ulti-way partitioning solutions. Furthermore, it has been shown that d-dimensional spectral embeddings (d > 1) are a more powerful tool than single-eigenvector embeddings (d = 1) for multi-way partitioning [2] [4]. However, previous methods cannot fully utilize information from the spectral embedding while optimizing netlist-dependent objectives. This work introduces a new multi-way circuit partitioning algorithm called DP-RP. W e begin with a d-dimensional spectral embedding from which a 1-dimensional ordering of the modules is obtained using a spacelling curve. The 1dimensional ordering retains useful information from the multi-dimensional embedding while allowing application of ecient algorithms. W e show that for a new Restricted Partitioning formulation, dynamic programming eciently nds optimal solutions in terms of Scaled Cost [4] and can transparently handle userspecied cluster size constraints. For 2-way ratio cut partitioning, DP-RP yields an average of 45% improvement o v er KP [4] and EIG1 [6] and 48% improvement o v er KC
Computational analysis of mouse piRNA sequence and biogenesis (2005)

The recent discovery of a new class of 30-nucleotide long RNAs in mammalian testes, called PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA), with similarities to microRNAs and repeat-associated small interfering RNAs (rasiRNAs), has raised puzzling questions regarding their biogenesis and function. We report a comparative analysis of currently available piRNA sequence data from the pachytene stage of mouse spermatogenesis that sheds light on their sequence diversity and mechanism of biogenesis. We conclude that (i) there are at least four times as many piRNAs in mouse testes than currently known; (ii) piRNAs, which originate from long precursor transcripts, are generated by quasi-random enzymatic processing that is guided by a weak sequence signature at the piRNA 59ends resulting in a large number of distinct sequences; and (iii) many of the piRNA clusters contain inverted repeats segments capable of forming doublestrand RNA fold-back segments that may initiate piRNA processing analogous to transposon silencing.