gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Explicit relation between all lower bound techniques for quantum query complexity (2012)

The polynomial method and the adversary method are the two main techniques to prove lower bounds on quantum query complexity, and they have so far been considered as unrelated approaches. Here, we show an explicit reduction from the polynomial method to the multiplicative adversary method. The proof goes by extending the polynomial method from Boolean functions to quantum state generation problems. In the process, the bound is even strengthened. We then show that this extended polynomial method is a special case of the multiplicative adversary method with an adversary matrix that is independent of the function. This new result therefore provides insight on the reason why in some cases the adversary method is stronger than the polynomial method. It also reveals a clear picture of the relation between the different lower bound techniques, as it implies that all known techniques reduce to the multiplicative adversary method.
Quantum Control of Many-body Localized States (2015)

We propose and analyze a new approach to the coherent control and manipulation of quantum degrees of freedom in disordered, interacting systems in the many-body localized phase. Our approach leverages a number of unique features of many-body localization: a lack of thermalization, a locally gapped spectrum, and slow dephasing. Using the technique of quantum phase estimation, we demonstrate a protocol that enables the local preparation of a many-body system into an effective eigenstate. This leads to the ability to encode information and control interactions without full microscopic knowledge of the underlying Hamiltonian. Finally, we analyze the effects of weak coupling to an external bath and provide an estimate for the fidelity of our protocol.
Evaluation of removal of prion infectivity from red blood cells with prion reduction filters using a new rapid and highly sensitive cell culture–based infectivity assay (2009)

These results demonstrate the utility of a highly sensitive cell culture-based infectivity assay for screening prion reduction filters. The use of this type of in vitro infectivity assay will substantially help expedite the screening and discovery of devices aimed at reducing the risk of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease transmission through blood transfusion.
Notes on Movie Theater Acoustics in Scandinavia (1951)

In the Scandinavian countries no fundamental or systematic research on acoustics in movie theaters has been done, as far as I know, and, as a non-authority in the field, I am able to give only a brief informal report of some facts about our theaters and what I think is the general opinion on theater design at the moment in Scandinavia.
Theoretical and experimental investigation of near-infrared light propagation in a model of the adult head (1997)

Near-infrared light propagation in various models of the adult head is analyzed by both time-of-flight measurements and mathematical prediction. The models consist of three- or four-layered slabs, the latter incorporating a clear cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) layer. The most sophisticated model also incorporates slots that imitate sulci on the brain surface. For each model, the experimentally measured mean optical path length as a function of source-detector spacing agrees well with predictions from either a Monte Carlo model or a finite-element method based on diffusion theory or a hybrid radiosity-diffusion theory. Light propagation in the adult head is shown to be highly affected by the presence of the clear CSF layer, and both the optical path length and the spatial sensitivity profile of the models with a CSF layer are quite different from those without the CSF layer. However, the geometry of the sulci and the boundary between the gray and the white matter have little effect on the detected light distribution.
Zyflamend Sensitizes Tumor Cells to TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis Through Up-Regulation of Death Receptors and Down-Regulation of Survival Proteins: Role of ROS-Dependent CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein-Homologous Protein Pathway (2011)

Zyflamend potentiates TRAIL-induced apoptosis through the ROS-CHOP-mediated up-regulation of DRs, increase in pro-apoptotic protein and down-regulation of cell survival proteins.
Fibrin deposition in tissues from endotoxin-treated mice correlates with decreases in the expression of urokinase-type but not tissue-type plasminogen activator. (1996)

The primary hypothesis of this report is that the formation and subsequent removal of fibrin in specific tissues during pathologic processes reflects temporal changes in the local expression of key procoagulant and fibrinolytic genes. To begin to test this hypothesis, we have used quantitative PCR assays and in situ hybridization analysis to examine the effects of endotoxin on the expression of specific genes in murine tissues, and to relate these changes to fibrin deposition/dissolution using immunohistochemical approaches. Endotoxin caused large increases in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 mRNA and modest increases in tissue factor mRNA in most tissues examined. However, fibrin was only detected in the kidneys and adrenals of endotoxin-treated mice, and it was transient. Unexpectedly, changes in urokinase-type plasminogen activator mRNA but not tissue-type plasminogen activator mRNA correlated with fibrin deposition/dissolution in these tissues. Pretreatment of mice with the fibrinolytic inhibitor epsilon-aminocaproic acid before endotoxin increased both the number of fibrin-positive tissues and the duration of fibrin deposition in the kidneys and adrenals. These results suggest that the absence of fibrin in some tissues reflects ongoing local fibrinolysis, and that increases in plasminogen activator inhibitory and tissue fac- tor gene expression and decreases in urokinase-type plasminogen activator expression are necessary for tissue-specific fibrin deposition. Changes in tissue-type plasminogen activator gene expression do not appear to be essential for fibrin deposition/dissolution in this murine model of sepsis.
Report on 3,5-Dinitrobenzamide in Feeds (1959)

Journal Article Report on 3,5-Dinitrobenzamide in Feeds Get access J W Cavett, J W Cavett Associate Referee Research Division, Dr. Salsbury’s Laboratories, Charles City, Iowa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J P Heotis J P Heotis Research Division, Dr. Salsbury’s Laboratories, Charles City, Iowa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Volume 42, Issue 2, 1 November 1959, Pages 239–240, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/42.2.239 Published: 03 February 2020
ChemInform Abstract: ANTIVIRAL COMPOUNDS. X. SYNTHESIS AND ANTI‐INFLUENZA VIRUS ACTIVITY OF 2‐SUBSTITUTED 5‐ALKYL‐6‐HYDROXY‐4‐METHYLPYRIMIDINES (1976)

Abstract Die Darstellung der Verbindungen (I)‐(IV) wird beschrieben.
Determination of NMR relaxation times (T1 and T2) from multislice, multiecho MR imaging (1985)

In proton MR imaging the determination of fundamental MR constants such as spin lattice (T1) and spin spin (T2) relaxation times is essential for an understanding of image contrast and for insight into the question of optimal field vis a vis disease state. Multislice, multiecho imaging is attractive because imaging time per slice is reduced; however, slice selecting radiofrequency (RF) pulses may cause interference from adjacent slices to the slice being imaged. This interference will cause incorrect relaxation time measurements and ''false'' image contrast between tissues which could result in improper diagnosis. To observe the effect of slice separation on T1 and T2 the authors imaged bottles of various concentrations of MnCl/sub 2/, with T1 values ranging from 215 to 1003 msec and T2 values from 39 to 240 msec. For T1 determinations two sets of multi-slice images (5 slices with nominal thickness of 1 cm) were taken both with an echo time (TE) of 30 msec and repetition times (TR) of 500 and 2000 msec. Slice separation was varied from 0 to 1 cm in 0.25 cm intervals. Reliable T1 values were obtained only when the slice separation was 0.75 or 1 cm. When slice separation was less thanmore » this, the TR500 images showed severe reversals in expected contrast when outside slices were compared with central slices. The effect of slice separation on T2 relaxation was investigated using a 5 slice multiecho technique (8 echoes per slice) with TR of 1400 msec and TE varying from 30 to 240 msec in intervals of 30 msec and nominal thickness set at 1 cm. Acquisitions were taken for slice separations from 0 to 1 cm and accurate T2 values for all 5 slices were only obtained when slice separation was 1 cm.« less
X-ray power increase from symmetrized wire-array z-pinch implosions (1996)

A systematic experimental study of annular aluminum-wire z-pinches on the Saturn accelerator shows that, for the first time, the measured spatial characteristics and x-ray powers can approach those of two-dimensional, radiation-magneto-hydrodynamic simulations when large numbers of wires are used. Calculations show that the implosion begins to transition from that of individual plasma wires to that of a continuous plasma shell, when the circumferential gap between wires in the array is reduced below 1.4+1.3/-0.7 mm. This calculated gap coincides with the measured transition of 1.4 {+-}0.4 mm between the observed regimes of slow and rapid improvement in power output with decreasing gap. In the plasma shell regime, x-ray powers in excess of a factor of three over that generated in the plasma-wire region are measured.
Chlorpromazine Inhibition of Muscarinic-Cholinergic Responses in the Rat Parotid Gland (1986)

The ability of chlorpromazine (CPZ) to inhibit muscarinic-cholinergic secretory events was studied in vitro in rat parotid acinar cells. CPZ inhibited carbachol-induced amylase release in a dose-dependent fashion but had no effect on that elicited by isoproterenol. The inhibition of parotid protein synthesis induced by carbachol, but not that induced by A23187, was blocked by CPZ. CPZ exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of [3H] quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) binding to muscarinic receptors, and altered the KD of the receptor for the ligand. These results are consistent with an ability of CPZ to inhibit muscarinic-cholinergic-induced salivary secretion by complex interference with receptor binding. In addition, CPZ may block parotid-muscarinic responses by impeding a post-receptor signaling step which is proximal to Ca2+ mobilization.
Chemical and kinetic evidence for an essential histidine in the phosphotriesterase from Pseudomonas diminuta. (1990)

The pH rate profile for the hydrolysis of diethyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate catalyzed by the phosphotriesterase from Pseudomonas diminuta shows a requirement for the deprotonation of an ionizable group for full catalytic activity. This functional group has an apparent pKa of 6.1 +/- 0.1 at 25 degrees C, delta Hion of 7.9 kcal/mol, and delta Sion of -1.4 cal/K.mol. The enzyme is not inactivated in the presence of the chemical modification reagents dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoate), methyl methane thiosulfonate, carbodiimide, pyridoxal, butanedione, or iodoacetic acid and thus cysteine, asparate, glutamate, lysine, and arginine do not appear to be critical for catalytic activity. However, the phosphotriesterase is inactivated completely with methylene blue, Rose Bengal, or diethyl pyrocarbonate. The enzyme is not inactivated by diethyl pyrocarbonate in the presence of bound substrate analogs, and inactivation with diethyl pyrocarbonate is reversible upon addition of neutralized hydroxylamine. The modification of a single histidine residue by diethyl pyrocarbonate, as shown by spectrophotometric analysis, is responsible for the loss of catalytic activity. The pKinact for diethyl pyrocarbonate modification is 6.1 +/- 0.1 at 25 degrees C. These results have been interpreted to suggest that a histidine residue at the active site of phosphotriesterase is facilitating the reaction by general base catalysis.
Acid Promoted Cinnamyl Ion Mobility within Peptide Derived Macrocycles (2008)

We are developing methods that restrict the conformational mobility of peptides and related heteropolymers while simultaneously altering their properties. Our experiments occur as processes wherein a conserved, lipophilic reagent is activated in stages to form composite products with unprotected polyamides in parallel. For each starting oligomer, the goal is to create not one, but rather a collection of products. The intent is for those materials to retain molecular recognition elements of the biopolymer, yet display that functionality as part of stable, cyclic structures having defined shapes and enhanced membrane solubility/permeability. Here we describe reagent 2 and its two-step integration into peptides to afford macrocyclic ethers (e.g., 4 when starting with W-W-Y). When those materials are treated with protic acid in anhydrous solvent, the cinnamyl unit migrates from the oxygen of tyrosine to distribute throughout the structure, forming new products via carbon/carbon bonding. These changes occur concomitantly with acid-promoted rearrangements/cyclizations of the dienyne appendage to generate mixtures containing unique macrocycles such as 15. Similar amalgamations of 2 with more diverse peptides is a means to begin accessing complex peptidomimetics systematically. From a library of screening fractions generated in this way, we have identified a small molecule that selectively promotes hippocampal neurogenesis in the adult mouse brain.
Structure and intermixing of GaSb∕GaAs quantum dots (2004)

We present cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy results of GaSb quantum dots in GaAs, grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The size of the optically active quantum dots with base lengths of 4–8 nm and heights of about 2 nm is considerably smaller than previously published data obtained by other characterization methods. The local stoichiometry, obtained from atomically resolved images, shows a strong intermixing in the partly discontinuous wetting layer with an average GaSb content below 50%, while the GaSb content of the partly intermixed quantum dots is between 60% and 100%.
Droop-free team-oriented control for AC distribution systems (2015)

Droop control is conventionally used for load sharing in AC distribution systems. Despite decentralized nature of the droop technique, it requires centralized secondary control to provide voltage and frequency regulation across the system. Distributed control, as an alternative to the centralized controller, offers improved reliability and scalability. Accordingly, a droop-free distributed framework is proposed that fine-tunes the voltage and frequency at each source to handle (1) Voltage regulation, (2) Reactive power sharing, (3) Frequency synchronization, and (4) Active power sharing. The controller includes three modules, namely, voltage regulator, reactive power regulator, and active power regulator. The voltage regulator boosts the voltage across the distribution system to satisfy the global voltage regulation. Proportional load sharing is adopted, where the total load is shared among sources in proportion to their rated powers. The active power regulator addresses frequency synchronization without using any frequency feedback/measurement, which improves the system dynamic. Simulation results are provided to verify the performance of the proposed control methodology.
A Quantitative Model for Silicon Yield Stress Calculations at Thin Film Edges (1988)

The results are presented of a theoretical study on the yield stress of dislocation‐lean silicon. The obtained yield formula, which expresses the dependence of the external yield force on the intrinsic point defect concentration, is applied to the case of film edge induced dislocation generation in silicon substrates. A generally valid expression for the critical film thickness resulting in homogeneous defect nucleation is derived. The case of an inert anneal of dislocation‐lean, oxygen‐rich Czochralski silicon is studied more in detail. The theoretical results explain both the qualitative and the quantitative experimental results found in the literature.
Performance Characteristics and Oxygen Debt in a Nonfailing, Metabolically Supported, Isolated Heart Preparation (1957)

Performance characteristics, stability and ventricular function curves were studied in an isolated heart preparation in which the metabolic state of the perfusing blood was kept at or near normal by continued exchange with a supporting dog. In contrast to the progressive failure exhibited by the classical isolated heart or heart-lung preparations, the isolated supported heart's performance did not differ from the performance of the heart in an open-chest, anesthetized dog with a complete circulation. Myocardial O 2 consumption could be determined with a high degree of precision. O 2 debt comparable to that which occurs in skeletal muscle was not observed.
An ISO/IEC 15118 conformance testing system architecture (2014)

A major goal for the ISO/IEC15118 standard for controlling the charging process for electric vehicles is the simplicity and reliability of use. Severe threats for a simple use are implementations of the standard which are not interoperable to each other. A traditional approach to reduce this threat is the setup of testivals between all implementations to explicit test interoperability. However this approach is complex and expensive as it requires extensive test and the coordination between all implementers. The project eNterop takes a different approach to enable a broad acceptance of the ISO/IEC 15118 and IEC 61851 specification on the market and to facilitate a large number of implementations. It defines conformance tests which can be fully automated. This is a quite new approach for machine to machine interface specifications which not only cover communication but also power interfaces. With that implementers can independently test their protocols including the power flow control and increase the likelihood of interoperable implementations without expensive testivals. This paper presents the approach of conformance tests for combined communication and power interfaces.
Evidence of VLS growth in CdTe film preparation by NH<sub>4</sub>Cl closed‐tube CVD (1985)

Abstract By thermodynamical calculations of the vapour phase composition expected to occur in the closed — tube CVD of CdTe films on CdTe substrates, it is shown that a VLS growth mechanism should be active in the growth process when use is made of the thermal decomposition of NH 4 Cl for producing the proper amount of HCl as a transport agent. Responsible of this VLS mechanism is the liquid tellurium, which is always present when the NH 4 Cl concentration reaches values sufficiently high for the epitaxial deposition of CdTe films.
Yale School of Public Health Symposium on tissue imaging mass spectrometry: illuminating phenotypic heterogeneity and drug disposition at the molecular level (2018)

‘A picture is worth a thousand words’ is an idiom from the English language (‘borrowed’ from on old Chinese proverb) that conveys the notion that a complex idea can be succinctly and fully described by a single image. Never has this expression been truer than in the clinical and pharmaceutical arenas. Enormous strides have been made by the scientific community in the evolving field of biomedical imaging with the aim of representing and/or quantifying aspects of disease and drug action by using tools such as radiography, MRI, PET, and ultrasound. Yet linking the phenotypical data generated by these systems to the genome is a challenging task. Identifying the link between the mechanism of disease or failed drug response to the genome of an individual is difficult, because central pieces of information are missing. However, imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) can overcome this issue. IMS aims to detect the molecular constituents of the tissue; these can then be correlated with genome-related characteristics, such as gene expression patterns and possible mutations, and ultimately provide a phenotypic molecular link to the complex disease biology. The big data technology of IMS can generate spatial information of thousands of metabolites and proteins from within a tissue, facilitating a deeper understanding of the connections between the genome, phenotypic characteristics and the biological response. It is a technology that has the potential to serve as a segue between gene expression and observed biological signal.
Longitudinal Trends in Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among US Military Veterans During the COVID-19 Pandemic (2023)

Contrary to expectations, the prevalence of STBs did not increase for most US veterans during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, veterans with preexisting loneliness, psychiatric distress, and lower purpose in life were at heightened risk of developing new-onset suicidal ideation and suicide planning during the pandemic. Evidence-based prevention and intervention efforts that target these factors may help mitigate suicide risk in this population.
Casein Kinase 2 Regulates Both Apoptosis and the Cell Cycle Following DNA Damage Induced by 6-Thioguanine (2005)

CK2 is essential for apoptosis inhibition following DNA damage induced by 6-TG, controlling caspase activity.
A Mutationally Altered Alkaline Phosphatase from Escherichia coli (1972)

Abstract The activated form of the mutationally altered alkaline phosphatase from Escherichia coli S-19 was found to be identical with the wild type enzyme with respect to the following properties: sedimentation coefficient, circular dichroic and optical rotatory dispersion spectra, heat stability, broad substrate specificity, Km for 4-nitrophenyl phosphate, and Ki for inorganic phosphate. But the turnover number of the mutant enzyme at pH 8.0 was only one-tenth of that of the wild type enzyme. Analysis of the mechanism of catalytic action by transient kinetics showed that the amino acid substitution causes a specific alteration in the rate of the conformation change during the turnover of the enzyme without apparently affecting any other process in the multistep pathway. The comparison of the kinetics of substrate hydrolysis by mutant and wild type enzymes permits one to distinguish between various proposals for the mechanism of alkaline phosphatase.
Shape based digital image similarity retrieval (2004)

Shape based image matching has been approached from different aspects. In our research, we developed end-to-end processes and algorithms that achieved very promising results for the MPEG-7 Shape Core Experiment. We have developed three algorithms that address curvature extraction, shape representation and shape similarity retrieval. Our Adaptive Contour Tracing Algorithm is able to trace open, closed and distorted shapes and output an ordered set of boundary points that can be used for any polygonal approximation method. Our multi-resolution curvature-based shape representation is efficient in terms of time and space complexity and flexible with minimum mathematical processing for fast real-time processing. Our 2-stage shape matching method is built over our shape representation method and consists of a data-driven search algorithm to exclude dissimilar shapes followed by a linear match algorithm that matches features and their neighbors. We have introduced a new fuzzy similarity measure that grades the similarity between shapes percentage wise and that is, unlike distance measures, closer to human understanding. Our shape representation is distinctive per object, similar for similar shapes, compact and efficient to compute, store and retrieve, and invariant to transformations such as rotation, uniform scaling and translation.