gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thiol/disulfide exchange between rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase and glutathione. Kinetics and thermodynamics of enzyme oxidation. (1986)

Reversible thiol/disulfide exchange equilibria between rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase and glutathione redox buffers results in a dependence of the activity of the enzyme on the thiol to disulfide ratio of the redox buffer (Gilbert, H. F. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 12086-12091). The transition between fully reduced (active) and fully oxidized (inactive) enzyme is half complete at a [GSH]/[GSSG] ratio of 6.5 +/- 1 at pH 8.0 and 5.6 +/- 0.9 at pH 7.2. In the presence of excess GSSG approximately 40-50% of the activity is lost in a rapid process (k = 110 M-1 min-1), while the remaining activity is lost more slowly (k = 1.9 M-1 min-1). Two equivalents of radiolabeled glutathione are incorporated covalently, one coincident with each phase of inactivation. The most rapidly oxidized sulfhydryl group is also the most rapidly reduced by GSH in the reverse reaction (k = 150 M-1 min-1). Reduction of a more slowly reacting protein-glutathione mixed disulfide is required to regenerate the original activity (k = 0.33 M-1 min-1). The thiol/disulfide oxidation equilibrium constant (Kox) for the most rapidly oxidized sulfhydryl group is estimated to be 0.7 while that for the more slowly oxidized group is 6.1. The sulfhydryl group which is more easily oxidized kinetically is the more thermodynamically resistant to oxidation. The magnitude of the equilibrium constants for these reversible oxidations would suggest that the oxidation state (and activity) of phosphofructokinase would not be significantly affected by typical metabolic changes in the glutathione oxidation state in vivo.
Inhibition of integrin αvβ3 reduces blood–brain barrier breakdown in focal ischemia in rats (2006)

Ischemic stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized nations. We tested the effect of postischemic treatment of cyclo-RGDfV (cRGDfV), a selective inhibitor of integrin alphavbeta3, in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of ischemic stroke in rats. Rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation (n = 13), MCAO with no treatment (n = 18), and MCAO with cRGDfV treatment (n = 28). Focal ischemia was induced with the suture occlusion method for 2 hr, and treatment was given 1 hr after reperfusion (3 hr after ischemia). All animals were sacrificed 24 hr after reperfusion. Assessment included neurological scores, infarction volumes, brain water content, Evans blue exudation, IgG exudation, histology, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. Treatment with cRGDfV ameliorated neurological deficits, reduced brain edema, and reduced exudation of Evans blue dye and IgG, but failed to reduce infarction volumes. Western blotting showed a reduction in phosphorylation of one subset of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors in the cRGDfV treatment group. Western blotting also demonstrated a significant reduction of fibrinogen in the cRGDfV treatment group. We conclude that poststroke treatment with cRGDfV reduces blood-brain barrier breakdown in focal ischemia, possibly through inhibition of VEGF-mediated vascular breakdown.
Extracellular Water/Intracellular Water Is a Strong Predictor of Patient Survival in Incident Peritoneal Dialysis Patients (2007)

E/I is a strong independent predictor of mortality in incident PD patients.
Demonstrating<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>W</mml:mi></mml:math>-type entanglement of Dicke states in resonant cavity quantum electrodynamics (2012)

Nonlinearity and entanglement are two important properties by which physical systems can be identified as nonclassical. We study the dynamics of the resonant interaction of up to $N=3$ two-level systems and a single mode of the electromagnetic field sharing a single excitation dynamically. We observe coherent vacuum Rabi oscillations and their nonlinear $\sqrt{N}$ speedup by tracking the populations of all qubits and the resonator in time. We use quantum state tomography to show explicitly that the dynamics generates maximally entangled states of the $W$ class in a time limited only by the collective interaction rate. We use an entanglement witness and the 3-tangle to characterize the state whose fidelity $F=78%$ is limited in our experiments by crosstalk arising during the simultaneous qubit manipulations which is absent in a sequential approach with $F=91%$.
Induction and Exacerbation of Emphysema in Hamsters with Human Neutrophil Elastase Inactivated Reversibly by a Peptide Boronic Acid (1990)

In solution, MeO-Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-D,L-boro-Val pinacol ester (Boroval) is a highly effective but reversible inhibitor of both porcine pancreatic elastase and human neutrophil elastase (HNE) (50% inhibition with a 1.5 M ratio of Boroval to elastase). Boroval has been shown to prevent porcine-pancreatic-elastase-induced emphysema in hamsters. But with HNE-induced emphysema in hamsters, pretreatment with as much as a 170-fold M excess of Boroval, given intratracheally 1 h before 0.3 mg HNE, did not prevent emphysema. Indeed, lung volumes were larger after Boroval pretreatment than after HNE alone. Emphysema was also induced by instilling HNE that had been mixed with and inactivated by a 41-fold M excess of Boroval (a molar ratio of 42). When 0.25 or 0.5 mg of HNE were given mixed with a 41-fold M excess of Boroval, the emphysema was much more severe with the 0.5 mg dose. Two hours after instillation of 0.3 mg HNE inactivated with a 34-fold M excess of Boroval, bronchoalveolar lavage contained elastolytic activity but no evidence of hemorrhage. In contrast, hemorrhage was severe in hamsters that had been instilled with 0.3 mg HNE alone. We conclude that Boroval can enhance HNE-induced emphysema. We postulate that Boroval suppresses HNE-induced hemorrhage and the resultant influx of plasma protease inhibitors; the HNE-Boroval complex is transported into the alveolar interstitium, followed by dissociation of the inhibitor from the active site of HNE. Because of its small size, free Boroval is rapidly cleared, and the reactivated HNE attacks elastic fibers, giving rise to emphysema.
The Efficacy of a Hyaluronate/Carboxymethylcellulose Membrane in Prevention of Postoperative Adhesion in a Rat Uterine Horn Model (2004)

The current study was designed to investigate the efficacy of a hyaluronate/carboxymethylcellulose membrane for the prevention of post-operative adhesion in a rat uterine horn model. This is a prospective double-blinded controlled study. Nineteen injured uterine horns were treated with a hyaluronate/carboxymethylcellulose membrane as a barrier and 19 injured uterine horns without any treatment served as a control group. Two weeks later, second look laparotomies were performed in order to assess the degree of the adhesion. Total adhesion scores, histopathological analysis of inflammation process and vascularization of adhesions were compared with control group. P values of 5% or less were considered statistically significant. Animals treated with a hyaluronate/carboxymethylcellulose membrane had significantly reduced post-surgical adhesion scores when compared with control group. In histopathological examination, there was less vascularization in the treatment group. The types and extent of inflammation were similar in two groups. Clinically and histopathologically, a hyaluronate/carboxymethylcellulose membrane is effective in reducing postoperative adhesion formation in the rat uterine horn model.
A Randomized Study of On-Line Plasma Perfusion over Protein A-Sepharose and 5-Fluorouracil Chemotherapy in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma (1991)

To evaluate the safety of on-line plasma perfusion over protein-A sepharose and the therapeutic advantage of combining plasma perfusion (PP) over protein-A sepharose with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma (MCRC), thirty patients were randomized after surgery of primary CRC to receive a combination of 5-FU and PP over protein-A sepharose (group A), or a combination of 5-FU and PP over sepharose (group B), or 5-FU alone (group C). Bi-weekly on-line PP over 200 ml protein-A sepharose gel (group A) or 200 ml sepharose gel (group B) were performed with a Cobe 2997 blood cell separator for a maximum of 19 treatments per patient. 5-FU was given at 1000 mg/m2/d on days 1-5 of a 4-weekly cycle until progression. PP was well tolerated and no severe or life-threatening toxicity was observed. Mild clinical side-effects consisted of fever and chills (36% in group A, 23% in group B). The most common biological effects of PP over protein-A sepharose were significant drops in IgG (66% of pre-PP values), CH50 and C3 (73% of pre-PP values) and a significant generation of C3a and C5a anaphylatoxins. Tumor response rates were 40% for group A, 0% for group B and 20% for group C. The median survival times tended to be longer in group A (17 months) than in group B (10 months) and in group C (9 months). This is the first randomized trial showing some therapeutic advantage in combining PP over protein-A sepharose with conventional chemotherapy in MCRC.
Antioxidant Activity of the Flavonoid Hesperidin in Chemical and Biological Systems (2005)

The antioxidant hesperidin, a major flavonoid in sweet orange and lemon, was evaluated using chemical and biological systems. The chemical assay evaluates the hesperidin capacity to sequester 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH*). Biological studies were done using the eukaryotic cells of superoxide-dismutase proficient and deficient strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae treated with hesperidin and the stressing agents hydrogen peroxide or paraquat (methylviologen; 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride). Hesperidin was able to reduce significantly the level of the free radical DPPH* with similar efficacy of trolox (positive control). When the yeast cells were exposed to the flavonoid hesperidin before the stressing agents, there was a significant increase in the survival of all strains. Paraquat induced higher catalase and superoxide dismutase than did hydrogen peroxide, which only increased catalase activity. Previous addition of hesperidin to these treatments was able to reduce significantly both enzymatic levels. These observations clearly demonstrate that hesperidin provides strong cellular antioxidant protection against the damaging effects induced by paraquat and peroxide hydrogen.
Kinetics of the oxidation of molten zinc (1961)

J. O. Cope, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1961, 57, 493 DOI: 10.1039/TF9615700493
[The comparison of the three anti-dsDNA antibody detecting test]. (2009)

Detection the Anti-dsDNA antibody with two method in the same time, especially with IIF and ELISA, will heighten the positive rate than with single method and will be helpful for the diagnosis of SLE.
Loss of Hippocampal Theta Rhythm Results in Spatial Memory Deficit in the Rat (1978)

Rats learned, using distal room cues, to run to a goal on an elevated, circular track starting from any position on the track. The goal was one of eight equidistant, recessed cups set around the track, the goal cup being distinguished from the others solely by its position in the room. After learning, electrolytic lesions were made in the medial septal nucleus eliminating hippocampal theta rhythm in some animals but not in others. Rats without theta rhythm were no longer able to perform the spatial task, whereas rats with undisturbed theta rhythm retrained normal performance. Although rats without theta rhythm could not find their way directly to the goal, they recognized its location when they came upon it by chance. This type of spatial deficit appears similar to that shown by hippocampally lesioned patient H.M. Subsequent tests demonstrated that rats deprived of theta rhythm before training could nevertheless learn the task.
Buck converter modeling in SystemVerilog for verification and virtual test applications (2015)

Functional verification and Virtual Test, which is verification of a test procedure, of mixed-signal circuits share the need for efficient simulation capabilities. Switching DC/DC converters are a particularly hard problem, because traditional SPICE-type simulation approaches incur simulation efforts which prevent one from covering all conceivable use-cases. The new IEEE 1800-2012 standard for SystemVerilog (SV) introduces the concepts of user-defined data types (UDT) and user defined resolution functions (UDR) which allows for easier modeling of the loading effects. Such improvementes together with the high performance of an event-driven simulator increase the capability of SystemVerilog in supporting efficient, fast to simulate and yet accurate models of mixed-signal circuits. In this contribution, we propose a block-level modeling strategy which considers the loading effects caused by either subsequent blocks in the signal path or by faults assumed in the circuit.
Novel Use of Extracellular Matrix Graft for Creation of Pulmonary Valved Conduit (2011)

We report the use of a commercially available graft material to create a trileaflet pulmonary valved conduit, which was implanted in a 12-year-old girl with mixed aortic valve disease as part of a Ross procedure. The patient presented with severe aortic insufficiency and left ventricular dilatation following balloon valvuloplasty. The patient lives in Ecuador, where most commonly used replacements for the pulmonary valve are either unavailable or unaffordable. Our technique involves the use of porcine small intestinal submucosal extracellular matrix (SIS-ECM), commercially available as CorMatrix ECM (CorMatrix Cardiovascular, Inc, Tallahassee, Florida) to create a trileaflet-valved conduit.
Poly(vinylbenzo macrocyclic polyethers). Synthesis and cation binding properties of 12-crown-4 derivatives (1991)

The synthesis of 4′-vinylbenzo-12-crown-4 ether is reported. Polymerization to relatively low molecular weight polymers can be accomplished with a free radical initiator. A copolymer with styrene can be prepared and the Li + , Na + , and K + binding properties of these polymers are compared to those of their monomeric analogs using salt distribution equilibria in water – methylene chloride. For all cations the homopolymer is found to extract the salts from the aqueous phase most effectively. The copolymer is slightly less effective than the homopolymer but more effective than either of the monomers by a factor of approximately 7, indicating that cooperative binding is likely. Na + is the most efficiently extracted cation, followed by K + and Li + . Key words: crown ether polymers, complexation properties.
Perineal skin injury: extrinsic environmental risk factors. (1996)

Little research has been performed to evaluate factors that may exacerbate perineal skin injury in the adult population. But extensive research has been done and knowledge has been gained from studies with diaper dermatitis in infants. Our objectives in writing this article are to define the anatomical area affected, the terms used, and to review the available literature for diaper dermatitis in infants, elucidating the similarities and differences between diaper dermatitis in infants and perineal dermatitis in adults. The six extrinsic environmental factors that have been identified and extensively studied in diaper dermatitis are skin wetness, urine, ammonia, feces, local skin pH and microorganisms. Although the complex interactions of the six factors are still not totally defined, we do know that to prevent perineal skin injury, it is helpful to prevent excessive skin hydration, minimize the interaction of urine and feces, minimize local microorganisms, and maintain skin near its physiologic pH. In general, the six extrinsic factors can be extrapolated and applied to the care of adults. Further research in adult fecal enzymes and pH is still necessary.
Integrating Imaging Data into Predictive Biomathematical and Biophysical Models of Cancer (2012)

While there is a mature literature on biomathematical and biophysical modeling in cancer, many of the existing approaches are not of clinical utility, as they require input data that are extremely difficult to obtain in an intact organism, and/or require a large number of assumptions on the free parameters included in the models. Thus, there has only been very limited application of such models to solve problems of clinical import. More recently, however, there has been increased activity at the interface of quantitative, noninvasive imaging data, and tumor mathematical modeling. In addition to reporting on bulk tumor morphology and volume, emerging imaging techniques can quantitatively report on for example tumor vascularity, glucose metabolism, cell density and proliferation, and hypoxia. In this paper, we first motivate the problem of predicting therapy response by highlighting some (acknowledged) shortcomings in existing methods. We then provide introductions to a number of representative quantitative imaging methods and describe how they are currently (and potentially can be) used to initialize and constrain patient specific mathematical and biophysical models of tumor growth and treatment response, thereby increasing the clinical utility of such approaches. We conclude by highlighting some of the exciting research directions when one integrates quantitative imaging and tumor modeling.
Heat assisted magnetic recording media based on exchange bias (2016)

A study of a new paradigm for a heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) media based on the use of exchange bias is presented. Exchange bias occurs when an antiferromagnetic (AF) layer such as IrMn is grown in contact with a ferromagnetic (F) layer and the system if field cooled resulting in a hysteresis loop shifted along the field axis. In this concept the temperature dependent anisotropy is provided by IrMn. Therefore the information is stored in the AF layer and the recording layer is actually part of the read/write structure when field cooled. The F layer when magnetised, serves to align the F layer in the direction required to store the information and then provides a read out signal indicating in which direction the AF layer is oriented. Hence in a complex way the “recording layer” is actually part of the read/write head. The key to achieve a structure of this kind is the control of the orientation of the Mn ions of the IrMn such that they are aligned perpendicular to the plane of the film. In this way a perpendicular exchange bias required for information storage in the AF layer has been achieved. Over 300 samples have been prepared and evaluated to determine the optimised structure.\nA segregated sample CoCrPt-SiO2 was sputtered using a pressed powder target in a HiTUS deposition system. Dual Ru seed layers of 8nm and 12nm were deposited using 3mTorr and 30mTorr process pressure, respectively. The median grain size of D_m = (6.2 ± 0.2)nm was achieved using these sputtering conditions. High resolution cross section TEM imaging has been used to show that the CoCrPt grains remains segregated by SiO2 after the deposition of IrMn. \nThe key feature of this media is that the recorded information is impossible to be erased by a demagnetising field. In order to achieve this requirement the hysteresis loop has to be completely shifted to a negative field. The highest shift or exchange bias of H_ex = (240 ± 5)Oe was measured at room temperature. This was achieved by depositing an ultrathin (0.8nm) Co interlayer above a Pt seed layer.\n
Critical review – Outsourcing: a paradigm shift (2000)

Outsourcing of services has been receiving increasing attention in management literature and praxis. It is considered that greatest attention has been given to the enhanced efficiency of transaction costs through outsourcing. In contrast, this paper explores what is being outsourced, the drivers for outsourcing and the IT commodification influence on outsourcing. Particular attention is given to examining supplier‐client relationships and the consequently new emerging outsourcing arrangements and organisational forms. The benefits and costs of outsourcing and client satisfaction are discussed as well as outsourcing in the public sector. The paper highlights that a fundamental paradigm shift is underway from strictly provider/supplier relationships to an emerging array of partner based relationships comparable with the Japanese kieretsu relationship model. The paper concludes by identifying areas for further research for increasing understanding of the paradigm shift that is highlighted.
Inter-Pin Skew Compensation Scheme for 3.2-Gb/s/pin Parallel Interface (2010)

An inter-pin skew compensation scheme is proposed, which minimizes the inter-pin skew of parallel interface induced by unequal trace length and loading of printed circuit board (PCB). The proposed scheme measures the inter-pin skew and compensates during power-up with simple hardware. The proposed scheme is applied to 3.2-Gb/s/pin DDR4 SDRAM and implemented in a 0.18 m CMOS process. The inter-pin skew is compensated in 324-cycles of 400-㎒ clock and the skew is compensated to be less than 24-ps.
Effect of high temperature during grain filling on starch synthesis in the developing barley grain (1998)

Plants of malting barley variety Schooner were exposed to 5 days of high temperatures (up to 35°C) during mid grain filling under controlled environment conditions. Grains from heat treated plants accumulated c . 30% less starch than grains from control plants (21/16°C; 14 h day). Reduced starch deposition was not limited by assimilate levels in heat treated grains, but high temperature reduced the conversion of sucrose to starch. The reduction in starch synthesis appeared to result from the effects of diminished catalytic activity of a number of enzymes in the committed pathway of starch synthesis, and/or delayed recovery of enzyme activity in the cooler recovery conditions. Reductions of 11–75% in the activity of the enzymes under investigation followed high temperature exposure. In addition, ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase, branching enzyme and granule bound starch synthase showed increased activity during exposure to moderate temperatures (28–32°C), but reduced activity at high temperatures, while soluble starch synthase showed an immediate loss of activity, even at moderate temperatures. Sucrose synthase and UDPglucose pyrophosphorylase showed the greatest reduction in catalytic activity after plants were returned to cooler conditions. Individual enzymes showed variation in the level of recovery under the cooler temperature conditions which followed the heating period.
Prevention and treatment strategies of postoperative tumor recurrence after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma (2019)

Liver transplantation is the most effective treatment for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, postoperative tumor recurrence severely hampers its efficacy. With the development of medicine and liquid biopsy, the diagnosis and treatment of patients undergoing liver transplantation for liver cancer might be updated. On the basis of safety, effectiveness and precision , investigating the novel recurrence-related prognostic factors, improving the current indications of liver transplantation for patients with HCC, selecting optimal local regional treatments preoperatively and providing effective interventions for recurrent liver cancer after liver transplantation, may improve the long-term survival and therapeutic results of liver transplantation in patients with HCC.


Key words: 
Liver neoplasms; Liver transplantation; Recurrence; Therapy