gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phosphorylation of Tyrosine 537 on the Human Estrogen Receptor Is Required for Binding to an Estrogen Response Element (1995)

We report here that the phosphorylation of tyrosine 537 on the human estrogen receptor (hER) controls the receptor's dimerization and DNA binding ability. The DNA-binding form of both the hER from human MCF-7 mammary carcinoma cells and the hER overexpressed in Sf9 insect cells was isolated using estrogen response element (ERE) affinity chromatography. Western blot analyses demonstrated that the DNA-binding form of the hER from MCF-7 or Sf9 cells was (i) phosphorylated at tyrosine 537, (ii) localized in the nucleus of estradiol-treated MCF-7 cells with an apparent molecular mass of 67 kDa, and (iii) hyperphosphorylated at serine residue(s). The non-DNA-binding form of the hER was (i) devoid of phosphorylation at tyrosine 537, (ii) cytosolic with an apparent molecular mass of 66 kDa, and (iii) hypophosphorylated at serine residue(s). The dephosphorylation of the purified hER at phosphotyrosine 537 with a tyrosine phosphatase eliminated binding to an ERE in a gel mobility shift assay. The binding of the tyrosine-dephosphorylated hER to an ERE was restored by the rephosphorylation of tyrosine 537 with Src family tyrosine kinases, p60c-src or p56lck. Mutation of tyrosine 537 to phenylalanine confirmed that the phosphorylation of tyrosine 537 is necessary for the hER to bind an ERE. An anti-hER antibody restored the binding of the tyrosine-dephosphorylated hER to an ERE, indicating that the bivalent anti-hER antibody brought together the two inactive hER monomers. A far-Western blot confirmed that phosphotyrosine 537 is required for hER homodimerization. These experiments establish that dimerization of the hER and DNA binding are regulated by phosphorylation at tyrosine 537. This is the first demonstration of the regulation of dimerization of a steroid hormone receptor by phosphorylation. These results are significant since p60c-src is overexpressed in estrogen-dependent breast cancers and may act to enhance the activity of the hER.
Bowl-shaped beam reflectarray antenna for satellite communication (2014)

In this paper a bowl-shaped beam reflectarray antenna is introduced at X band. This kind of radiation pattern is usually desirable for antennas mounted on LEO and MEO satellites to obtain an equal strength signal at any arbitrary location on the earth. In order to achieve this feature, the antenna gain is to enhance at the line-of-site angles to the horizon and diminish at the center. To realize the desired shaped beam, the alternating projection method is implemented to optimize the phase distribution on the reflectarray surface.
Minimum Bayes Risk Training of RNN-Transducer for End-to-End Speech Recognition (2020)

In this work, we propose minimum Bayes risk (MBR) training of RNN-Transducer (RNN-T) for end-to-end speech recognition.Specifically, initialized with a RNN-T trained model, MBR training is conducted via minimizing the expected edit distance between the reference label sequence and on-thefly generated N-best hypothesis.We also introduce a heuristic to incorporate an external neural network language model (NNLM) in RNN-T beam search decoding and explore MBR training with the external NNLM.Experimental results demonstrate an MBR trained model outperforms a RNN-T trained model substantially and further improvements can be achieved if trained with an external NNLM.Our best MBR trained system achieves absolute character error rate (CER) reductions of 1.2% and 0.5% on read and spontaneous Mandarin speech respectively over a strong convolution and transformer based RNN-T baseline trained on ∼21,000 hours of speech.
The Metabolism of Estrogens in Normal Women After Pulse Injections of<sup>3</sup>H-Estradiol and<sup>3</sup>H-Estrone (1974)

3H-estradiol was administered as a single pulse to 7 normal women between days 5–7 of their menstrual cycle. The disappearance from the blood of 3H as free estradiol in all 7 subjects could be best described as a function which was the sum of 3 exponentials. The mean (± se) initial volume of distribution (V1) was 10.9 ±1.1 1. The mean metabolic clearance rate (MCR2) was 740 ± 50 1/day/m2, the mean blood production rate (P2B) was 80 ± 11 μg/day. Estradiol contributed a mean 27 ± 7% to the production rate of estrone. 3H-estrone was administered as a single pulse to 5 normal women between days 5–7 of their cycle. In 3 women the disappearance from the blood of 3H as free estrone could be best described as a function which was the sum of 3 exponentials. In 2 women the disappearance of 3H as free estrone could be best described as a function which was the sum of 2 exponentials. For all 5 women the mean V1 was 32.4 ± 6.5 1. The mean MCR1 was 1120 1/day/m2; the mean (P1B) was 101 ± 13 μg/day. Estrone contributed a mean of 7 ± 2% to the production rate of estradiol. The appearance in the blood of 3H as estrone sulfate was studied in 5 women (2 after estradiol and 3 after estrone). In all 5 by 20–25 min 3H-estrone sulfate was present in higher concentration than either free estrogen and its concentration continued to rise slightly for a further 3–4 hr.
A single current sensor control technique for induction motors (2003)

This paper describes a single current sensor control technique for induction motors that uses only a single DC-link current sensing resistor to obtain the information of three line currents. The principal motivation is to reduce the cost, and improve the reliability of a drive system. However, in certain conditions, the measurement is distorted due to the too narrow current pulse width in the shunt resistor. To solve this problem, a newly-created pulse width modulation strategy is developed and a dedicated observer is applied. The realization of single current sensor control technique is based on the ADMCF341, an embedded DSP with motor control peripherals and special ADC system. Test results are presented.
Occurrence of Glycoside Hydrolases in Plant Pathogenic and Related Bacteria (1977)

One hundred and twenty‐eight isolates representing 37 species and six genera of plant pathogenic and related bacteria were tested for the presence of /3–galactosidase, glucosidase. β‐glucosidase and β‐xylosidase; using nitrophenyl glycopyranosides as substrates. Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens, C. michiganense. Flavobacterium pectinovorum and Pseudomonas maltophilia showed activity on all of the four substrates. Xanthomonas albilineans and three nomenspecies of the X. campestris group had little or no o‐glucosidase activity but all other tests with Xanthomonas spp . were positive. None of the fluorescen; pseudomonads examined possessed β‐galactosidase but P. stizolobii, P. andropogonis and P. rubrisubalbicans , among the non‐fluorescent pseudomonads showed activity.
Targeting VEGF/VEGFR to Modulate Antitumor Immunity (2018)

In addition to the crucial role in promoting the growth of tumor vessels, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is also immunosuppressive. VEGF can inhibit the function of T cells, increase the recruitment of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and hinder the differentiation and activation of dendritic cells (DCs). Recent studies have investigated the role of antiangiogenic agents in antitumor immunity, especially in recent 3 years. Therefore, it is necessary to update the role of targeting VEGF/VEGFR in antitumor immunity. In this review, we focus on the latest clinical and preclinical findings on the modulatory role of antiangiogenic agents targeting VEGF/VEGFR in immune cells, including effector T cells, Tregs, MDSCs, DCs, tumor-associated macrophages, and mast cells. Our review will be potentially helpful for the development of combinations of angiogenesis inhibitors with immunological modulators.
A FRAMEWORK FOR DESIGNING IMAGE SONIFICATION METHODS (2005)

Time is not just a parameter of auditory disply, but is rather the principle dimension within which all other auditory parameters are placed. While this is a feature of time ordered information, it poses a particular challenge to effective sonification of time-independent data, such as images. In this paper we present two concepts of time mapping, scanning and probing to provide a framework for conceptualizing mappings of static data to the time domain. We then consider the geometric characteristics of images to define meaningful references in time. Finally, we proceed to suggest a new approach of modeling human image perception for image sonification, which can be designed upon our framework. 1.
Improvement in gastrointestinal tolerability of the selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor, meloxicam, compared with piroxicam: results of the Safety and Efficacy Large-scale Evaluation of COX- inhibiting Therapies (SELECT) trial in osteoarthritis (1998)

SELECT is a large-scale, prospective, international, multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, parallel-group trial. Patients with exacerbation of osteoarthritis were treated with the recommended dose of meloxicam (7.5 mg) or piroxicam (20 mg) once daily for 28 days; 4320 patients were administered meloxicam and 4336 piroxicam. The incidence of adverse events was significantly lower in the meloxicam group (22.5%) compared with the piroxicam group (27.9%; P < 0.001), mainly due to the significantly lower incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events in the meloxicam than in the piroxicam group (10.3% vs 15.4%,; P < 0.001), while the efficacy of both drugs was equivalent. Individual GI events occurred significantly less often with meloxicam than piroxicam: dyspepsia (3.4% vs 5.8%; P < 0.001), nausea/vomiting (2.5% vs 3.4%; P < 0.05) and abdominal pain (2.1% vs 3.6%; P < 0.001). There were 16 patients with perforations, ulcerations or bleeding (PUBs) of the upper GI tract in the piroxicam group compared with seven in the meloxicam group (relative risk piroxicam:meloxicam = 1.4). Four PUBs were complicated (perforations or bleedings); none of these occurred in the meloxicam group (relative risk piroxicam:meloxicam = 1.9). The outcome of SELECT is consistent with that of the large-scale clinical trial of similar design and size which compared 7.5 mg meloxicam with 100 mg diclofenac in patients with osteoarthritis, and with a previous global analysis of the safety of meloxicam. It adds further data to the proposed relationship between selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 and improved GI tolerability of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
The Photographic Inventions of George Eatman (1955)

In 1954 the centennial of George Eastman was celebrated in America and Europe by tributes to him as an inventor, industrialist and philanthropist. In the following article the Curator of the George Eastman House surveys the first ten years of his photographic career, which culminated in the invention of the Kodak camera.
Accurate closed-form expressions for the frequency-dependent line parameters of on-chip interconnects on lossy silicon substrate (2002)

Accurate closed-form expressions for the frequency-dependent R,L,G,C line parameters of microstrip lines on lossy silicon substrate are presented. The closed-form expressions for the frequency-dependent series impedance parameters are obtained using a complex image method. The frequency-dependent shunt admittance parameters are expressed in closed form in terms of the shunt capacitances obtained in the low and high frequency limits. The proposed closed-form solutions are shown to be in good agreement with the electromagnetic solutions.
Classification-Based Record Linkage With Pseudonymized Data for Epidemiological Cancer Registries (2016)

Cancer is one of the widest spread diseases in human society. Therefore, the need has grown to monitor, evaluate, and predict its development. Cancer registries address this problem by collecting data on cancer cases, striving for high quality, accuracy, and completeness. One of the basic challenges in this context is the linkage of data from multiple sources. In order to link new cancer records with existing ones, the cancer registries typically use an algorithm referred to as record linkage. Although the algorithm has automated a significant amount of the linking process, there still is a certain percentage of records that cannot be linked automatically. This study addresses the problem of reducing the need of manually matching records with machine learning methods. The particular challenge is caused by pseudonymization of the data. The main contribution is thus finding ways to encode the-pseudonymized-data, i.e., feature extraction so that it can be interpreted by a classifier. Three classifiers (neural network, support vector machines, decision tree) manage to achieve at least 93% classification rate on a dataset of 73 000 cancer records extracted from the inventory of a cancer registry. In addition, ensemble techniques boost the performance further to over 95%. We present an in-depth discussion of the experimental results from a perspective of applying the classification-based record linkage in real practice. Two scenarios of translating to practice will be outlined with a potential of reducing the human workload by an order of magnitude of hundreds of hours.
Evidence of microglial activation in autism and its possible role in brain underconnectivity (2011)

Evidence indicates that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suffer from an ongoing neuroinflammatory process in different regions of the brain involving microglial activation. When microglia remain activated for an extended period, the production of mediators is sustained longer than usual and this increase in mediators contributes to loss of synaptic connections and neuronal cell death. Microglial activation can then result in a loss of connections or underconnectivity. Underconnectivity is reported in many studies in autism. One way to control neuroinflammation is to reduce or inhibit microglial activation. It is plausible that by reducing brain inflammation and microglial activation, the neurodestructive effects of chronic inflammation could be reduced and allow for improved developmental outcomes. Future studies that examine treatments that may reduce microglial activation and neuroinflammation, and ultimately help to mitigate symptoms in ASD, are warranted.
Eddy Currents in a Nonperiodic Vacuum Vessel Induced by Axisymmetric Plasma Motion (1987)

A method is described for calculating the two-dimensional trajectory of a vertically or horizontally unstable axisymmetric tokamak plasma in the presence of a resistive vacuum vessel The vessel is not assumed to have toroidal symmetry. The plasma is represented by a current-filament loop that is free to move vertically and to change its major radius. Its position is evolved in time self-consistently with the vacuum vessel eddy currents. The plasma current, internal inductance, and poloidal beta can be specified functions of time so that eddy currents resulting from a disruption can be modeled. The vacuum vessel is represented by a set of current filaments whose positions and orientations are chosen to model the dominant eddy current paths. Although the specific application is to the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor, the present model is of general applicability.
Li Electrochemical Tuning of Metal Oxide for Highly Selective CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction (2017)

Engineering active grain boundaries (GBs) in oxide-derived (OD) electrocatalysts is critical to improve the selectivity in CO<sub>2</sub> reduction reaction (CO<sub>2</sub>RR), which is becoming an increasingly important pathway for renewable energy storage and usage. Different from traditional in situ electrochemical reduction under CO<sub>2</sub>RR conditions, where some metal oxides are converted into active metallic phases but with decreased GB densities, here we introduce the Li electrochemical tuning (LiET) method to controllably reduce the oxide precursors into interconnected ultrasmall metal nanoparticles with enriched GBs. By using ZnO as a case study, we demonstrate that the LiET-Zn with freshly exposed GBs exhibits a CO<sub>2</sub>-to-CO partial current of ∼23 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> at an overpotential of -948 mV, representing a 5-fold improvement from the OD-Zn with GBs eliminated during the in situ electro-reduction process. A maximal CO Faradaic efficiency of ∼91.1% is obtained by LiET-Zn on glassy carbon substrate. The CO<sub>2</sub>-to-CO mechanism and interfacial chemistry are further probed at the molecular level by advanced in situ spectroelectrochemical technique, where the reaction intermediate of carboxyl species adsorbed on LiET-Zn surface is revealed.
A record of the red-footed booby and masked booby from south-eastern Queensland (1977)

On 11 March,1976, I found a beach-washed red-footed booby Sula sula on the ocean beach of North Stradbroke Island approximately eighteen kilometres south of Pt. Lookout.
Fast mode selection based on texture analysis and local motion activity in H.264/JVT (2004)

The H.264/JVT video coding standard can achieve considerably higher coding efficiency than previous standards. Unfortunately, this comes at the cost of greatly increased complexity at the encoder, mainly due to multi-reference frames and multi-block type motion estimation. In order to speed up the process of multi-block type motion estimation, a method is proposed to eliminate some redundant coding modes which contribute very little coding gain; it is based on texture analysis and local motion activity. Simulation results show that the proposed method can eliminate about half of all coding modes while keeping similar coding efficiency, visual quality and bitrates. Furthermore, this method can be used with any fast motion estimation algorithm.
Ground roll coupling to atmospheric compressional waves (1951)

Abstract A theoretical treatment of ground roll originating from air shots and hole shots is given. It is shown that coupling of ground roll to compressional waves in the atmosphere exists for both air shots and hole shots. Experimental data obtained in the field are in excellent agreement with the theoretical results; namely, that the effective coupling exists for surface waves whose phase velocity is equal to the speed of sound in air. In regions where Rayleigh wave velocities vary with period due to layering in such a way that they are less than the speed of sound in air for short periods and exceed this value for longer periods, this coupling gives rise to a unique surface wave pattern on seismic records. It is shown that body wave and surface wave character is almost independent of charge elevation in the range from 0 (on the ground) to 30 feet. In a reciprocal manner ground roll from hole shots was recorded with air microphones as predicted by the theory.
PARA QUÉ MODIFICAR UN PLAN DE ESTUDIOS (2008)

"La presente propuesta es el resultado de un amplio trabajo académico de planeación que ha involucrado, de manera importante, a la comunidad de la Facultad de Química de la UNAM, la modificación del plan de estudios de la Licenciatura de Química, conserva las fortalezas del plan de estudios anterior y de la práctica docente de la Facultad, y propuso modificaciones que ayudaron a corregir sus debilidades. Esta modificación es una reforma gradual y plantea cambios considerables en varios aspectos fundamentales que permiten la mejor formación de los profesionales egresados de la Facultad de Química, tales como la flexibilidad de la formación curricular mediante una oferta amplia de asignaturas optativas; la búsqueda de la formación integral del profesional mediante las asignaturas curriculares socio humanísticas; el establecimiento de dos actividades de investigación que promoverán la titulación de los egresados; el establecimiento de actividades colegiadas en la práctica docente que permita su mejora continua; la racionalización de las actividades curriculares experimentales mediante la ampliación del número de asignaturas prácticas —laboratorios— independientes con objetivos y programas propios."
The Dark Side Is Not Fastidious – Dark Septate Endophytic Fungi of Native and Invasive Plants of Semiarid Sandy Areas (2012)

Dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi represent a frequent root-colonizing fungal group common in environments with strong abiotic stress, such as (semi)arid ecosystems. This work aimed to study the DSE fungi colonizing the plants of semiarid sandy grasslands with wood steppe patches on the Great Hungarian Plain. As we may assume that fungi colonizing both invasive and native species are generalists, root associated fungi (RAF) were isolated from eight native and three invasive plant species. The nrDNA sequences of the isolates were used for identification. To confirm that the fungi were endophytes an artificial inoculation system was used to test the isolates: we considered a fungus as DSE if it colonized the roots without causing a negative effect on the plant and formed microsclerotia in the roots. According to the analyses of the ITS sequence of nrDNA the 296 isolates clustered into 41 groups. We found that 14 of these 41 groups were DSE, representing approximately 60% of the isolates. The main DSE groups were generalist and showed no specificity to area or season and colonized both native and invasive species, demonstrating that exotic plants are capable of using the root endophytic fungi of the invaded areas. The DSE community of the region shows high similarity to those found in arid grasslands of North America. Taking into account a previous hypothesis about the common root colonizers of those grasslands and our results reported here, we hypothesize that plants of (semi)arid grasslands share common dominant members of the DSE fungal community on a global scale.
Feature reduction for neural network based text categorization (2003)

In a text categorization model using an artificial neural network as the text classifier scalability is poor if the neural network is trained using the raw feature space since textural data has a very high-dimension feature space. We proposed and compared four dimensionality reduction techniques to reduce the feature space into an input space of much lower dimension for the neural network classifier. To test the effectiveness of the proposed model, experiments were conducted using a subset of the Reuters-22173 test collection for text categorization. The results showed that the proposed model was able to achieve high categorization effectiveness as measured by precision and recall. Among the four dimensionality reduction techniques proposed, principal component analysis was found to be the most effective in reducing the dimensionality of the feature space.
Tangible User Interfaces: Past, Present, and Future Directions (2009)

In the last two decades, Tangible User Interfaces (TUIs) have emerged as a new interface type that interlinks the digital and physical worlds. Drawing upon users' knowledge and skills of interaction with the real non-digital world, TUIs show a potential to enhance the way in which people interact with and leverage digital information. However, TUI research is still in its infancy and extensive research is required in order to fully understand the implications of tangible user interfaces, to develop technologies that further bridge the digital and the physical, and to guide TUI design with empirical knowledge. This paper examines the existing body of work on Tangible User Interfaces. We start by sketching the history of tangible user interfaces, examining the intellectual origins of this field. We then present TUIs in a broader context, survey application domains, and review frameworks and taxonomies. We also discuss conceptual foundations of TUIs including perspectives from cognitive sciences, psychology, and philosophy. Methods and technologies for designing, building, and evaluating TUIs are also addressed. Finally, we discuss the strengths and limitations of TUIs and chart directions for future research.