gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a Thermostable and Acidic‐Tolerable β‐Glucanase from Aerobic Fungi <i>Trichoderma koningii</i> ZJU‐T (2007)

An extreme thermostable and acidic tolerable beta-glucanase was isolated and characterized from aerobic fungi Trichoderma koningii ZJU-T. The optimal reaction temperature and pH for the beta-glucanase were 100 degrees C and pH 2.0, respectively. The beta-glucanase showed increased stability at higher temperatures and lower pH values when compared to other beta-glucanases. The optimum conditions for the beta-glucanase stability were found to be pH 4.0 and 80 degrees C. Even subjected to 100 degrees C for 3 h, beta-glucanase activity did not show significant reduction. Moreover, K(+) significantly enhanced beta-glucanase activity at the concentration of 1 mM, while EDTA and other metal ions such as Mg(2+), Mn(2+), Zn(2+), Ca(2+), Fe(2+), Pb(2+), and Fe(3+) inhibited beta-glucanase activity. Denaturants, including sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and mercaptoethanol, also inhibited beta-glucanase activity at a concentration of 5%. However, in the presence of 7 M urea, residual activity of the beta-glucanase still remained 14.5%.
Domino Synthesis of Bridged Bicyclic Tetrahydro-1,2-oxazines: Access to Stereodefined 4-Aminocyclohexanols (2009)

The intramolecular variant of the homo-[3 + 2]-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrones (generated in situ from an aldehyde and a hydroxylamine) with donor-acceptor cyclopropanes allows for the efficient synthesis of bridged tetrahydro-1,2-oxazines. This domino sequence produces adducts amenable to reductive N-O bond cleavage producing cis-1,4-aminocyclohexanols in excellent yields.
The Physicist in the Electronic Engineering Industry (1954)

The demand for more scientists and engineers in government research establishments, industry and the teaching profession, and the need for better facilities for higher technological training in this country, are both subjects which make headline news to-day. The evidence published from time to time by the Technical and Scientific Register of the Ministry of Labour and National Service and also by the various University Appointments Boards, clearly shows that the demand for physicists is still very great. It is not perhaps widely realized that part of the present day demand for physicists is due to the growing recognition of their value in work not directly concerned with physics research.
Nonenzymatic Glycosylation of Lepidopteran-Active <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Protein Crystals (1993)

We used high-pH anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection to quantify the monosaccharides covalently attached to Bacillus thuringiensis HD-1 (Dipel) crystals. The crystals contained 0.54% sugars, including, in decreasing order of prevalence, glucose, fucose, arabinose/rhamnose, galactose, galactosamine, glucosamine, xylose, and mannose. Three lines of evidence indicated that these sugars arose from nonenzymatic glycosylation: (i) the sugars could not be removed by N- or O-glycanases; (ii) the sugars attached were influenced both by the medium in which the bacteria had been grown and by the time at which the crystals were harvested; and (iii) the chemical identity and stoichiometry of the sugars detected did not fit any known glycoprotein models. Thus, the sugars detected were the product of fermentation conditions rather than bacterial genetics. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of crystal chemistry, fermentation technology, and the efficacy of B. thuringiensis as a microbial insecticide.
A Lower Bound for Dynamic Approximate Membership Data Structures (2010)

An approximate membership data structure is a randomized data structure for representing a set which supports membership queries. It allows for a small false positive error rate but has no false negative errors. Such data structures were first introduced by Bloom in the 1970's, and have since had numerous applications, mainly in distributed systems, database systems, and networks. The algorithm of Bloom is quite effective: it can store a set S of size n by using only ≈1.44nlog <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (1/ε) bits while having false positive error ε. This is within a constant factor of the entropy lower bound of nlog <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (1/ε) for storing such sets. Closing this gap is an important open problem, as Bloom filters are widely used is situations were storage is at a premium. Bloom filters have another property: they are dynamic. That is, they support the iterative insertions of up to n elements. In fact, if one removes this requirement, there exist static data structures which receive the entire set at once and can almost achieve the entropy lower bound; they require only nlog <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (1/ε)(1 + o(1)) bits. Our main result is a new lower bound for the memory requirements of any dynamic approximate membership data structure. We show that for any constant ε > 0, any such data structure which achieves false positive error rate of ε must use at least C(ε) · nlog <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (1/ε) memory bits, where C(ε) > 1 depends only on ε. This shows that the entropy lower bound cannot be achieved by dynamic data structures for any constant error rate. In fact, our lower bound holds even in the setting where the insertion and query algorithms may use shared randomness, and where they are only required to perform well on average.
Resonance Reverberation Method for Sound Absorption Measurements (1954)

A resonance-reverberation method for measuring sound absorption in liquids from about 20 kc to above 600 kc has been developed. A single spherical glass container holds the liquid under test. The spherical system is excited with an intermittent train of continuous sound waves generated by a piezoelectric element. A second piezoelectric element detects the manner in which the sound energy dies away after the excitation stops. The time constant of this decay is inversely proportional to the sound absorption of the system. The liquid container was calibrated with liquids of known absorption to enable the separation of the wall losses from the liquid absorption. The sound absorption coefficients of 44 liquids are tabulated. Acoustic relaxations which were observed in some of the compounds studied are attributed to the perturbation by the sound wave of equilibria between rotational isomers. The application of the resonance-reverberation technique to sound absorption measurements in solids is presented.
Randomised controlled trial of ketorolac in the management of korneal abrasions (2001)

Use of topical ketorolac may be a useful adjunct in the management of corneal abrasions.
Uniform Random Generation of Balanced Parenthesis Strings (1980)

The empirical testing of error repair schemes for skeletons of source programs in a block-structured language leads to the problem of generating balanced parenthesis strings in a uniform random manner. An efficient generator which works from left to right must compute the correct probability for the next symbol at each stage of the generation. The associated enumeration problem may be solved by adopting a geometric interpretation usually associated with random walk problems. This solution leads immediately to an O ( n ) algorithm for the generator.
New copolymers with heterocyclic pendant groups obtained from PVC using microwave‐assisted process (2011)

Abstract We report the synthesis of new copolymers from poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with 1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐yl‐sulfanyl pendant groups (PVCT) by nucleophilic substitution using microwave energetic sources. By comparing the synthesis of PVCT between microwave and thermal conditions, it was found that the use of microwave‐assisted process led to higher conversion levels than that of the thermal synthesis. Moreover, significant decrease in reaction times was obtained for the microwave assisted synthesis, which avoided secondary reactions. Conversion yields were calculated from elemental analysis and the molecular weighs were analyzed by means of SEC. The molecular structures of the new copolymers were confirmed by FTIR, 13 C NMR and 1 H NMR spectroscopies. The morphology of the new copolymers was analyzed by SEM. Thermal properties were studied by TGA and DSC techniques. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Some tensile properties of tooth structure and several restorative materials: (1961)

Values for strength and modulus of elasticity were obtained in tension for various dental materials* The specimens were stored in distilled water at for seven days* The specimens were loaded at 0*02 Inches per minute head speed. Dentin and enamel speci- mens were prepared by cutting with rotating diamond tools using continuous water spray. They were formed into rectangular cross-section rods with a narrowed middle isthmus portion and notched ends. The middle portion was wound with a strip of heavy tinfoil until it fitted snugly into the stainless steel mold. The notched ends were Imbedded in direct filling resin.
Rationale for the development of noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (1998)

Elucidation of the mechanism of action of antidepressants led to the hypothesis that depression is caused by dysfunction in either the noradrenergic or serotonergic neurotransmitter systems. As inconsistencies in studies designed to confirm this hypothesis arose, the consensus on the biological basis of depression is being refined. The need for better tolerated and effective antidepressants has resulted in the development of agents with more specific receptor binding profiles than the tricyclic antidepressants. These newer antidepressants selectively inhibit the reuptake of noradrenaline (selective NARIs), serotonin (SSRIs) or both (SNRIs). They are useful tools for describing changes in neuroreceptors and intracellular events that occur during antidepressant pharmacotherapy. Reboxetine, a selective NARI, down-regulates β-adrenergic receptors and desensitises noradrenaline-coupled adenylate cyclase. It also affects cAMP- and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation systems in a different manner to tricyclic antidepressants and SSRIs. This implies that although different classes of antidepressants may affect common central pathways, the ways in which they do this are distinctive. In conclusion, reboxetine, a selective NARI which is well tolerated and effective in the treatment of depression, has provided us with a new insight into the action of antidepressants and thus will help us to refine our theory of the biological basis of depression. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synergistic versus antagonistic actions of glutamate and glutathione: the role of excitotoxicity and oxidative stress in neuronal disease. (2002)

The etiology of various age-related neurological diseases remains unknown. Sporadic forms ofAlzheimer's, Parkinson's and Lou Gehrig's disease have been linked to environmental factors that cause neuronal cell death either by excitotoxicity or by inducing oxidative stress. Our recent studies have demonstrated that various compounds not previously associated with these diseases, i.e. methionine sulfoximine (MSO), originally isolated from 'agenized' flour, and sitosterol glucoside (BSSG), isolated from the seed of the cycad, appear to be neurotoxins, likely acting by excitotoxic mechanisms. For these compounds, the primary excitotoxic effect appears to involve glutamate release followed by NMDA receptor activation. Lactate dehydrogenase assays demonstrate that both compounds cause rapid cell death in vitro. In addition, both compounds appear to alter antioxidant defense mechanisms, acting particularly on levels of reduced glutathione (GSH). In vivo application of MSO has historically been linked to behavioral abnormalities, including seizures, in various species. Our recent experiments have demonstrated that mice fed cycad flour containing sitosterol glucoside have severe behavioral abnormalities of motor and cognitive function, as well as significant levels of neurodegeneration in cortex, hippocampus, spinal cord and other CNS regions measured post mortem. The combined weight of excitotoxic action, in concert to a decline in antioxidant defenses, induced by molecules such as methionine sulfoximine and sitosterol glucoside is hypothesized to be causal to neuronal degeneration in various neurological diseases. Understanding the mechanisms of action of these and functionally related molecules may serve to focus attention on potential neurotoxins present in the human environment. Only once such molecules have been identified, can we begin to design appropriate pharmaceutical strategies to prevent or halt the progression of the age-related neurological diseases.
The perfect medicine for virtually all users (2003)

Flexibility is the key to creating a VLE that benefits students, lecturers and universities, says Gilly Salmon.
Co-Transformation to Cloud-Native Applications - Development Experiences and Experimental Evaluation (2018)

Modern software applications following cloud-native design principles and architecture guidelines have inherent advantages in fulfilling current user requirements when executed in complex scheduled environments. Engineers responsible for software applications therefore have an intrinsic interest to migrate to cloud-native architectures. Existing methodologies for transforming legacy applications do not yet consider migration from partly cloud-enabled and cloud-aware applications under continuous development. This work thus introduces a co-transformation methodology and validates it through the migration of a prototypical music identification and royalty collection application. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed methodology is capable to effectively guide a transformation process, resulting in elastic and resilient cloud-native applications. Findings include the necessity to maintain application self-management even on modern cloud platforms.
Androgen receptors in operable breast cancer: relation to other steroid hormone receptors, correlations to prognostic factors and predictive value for effect of adjuvant tamoxifen treatment. (1992)

Steroid hormone receptors have been evaluated as independent prognostic factors as well as predictive factors for endocrine manipulation in the clinical management of breast cancer. The contribution of each receptor or combinations of different receptors remains controversial. In cytosols from 224 patients with operable breast cancer (stages I & II), estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR) and androgen receptor (AR) content have been measured. An improved AR-assay has been used in order to circumvent some of the problems inherent in other methods. In this study, 91.1% of the patients were classified as AR 'positive' (i.e. greater than or equal to 10 pmol/g). The steroid hormone receptors were significantly correlated (P less than 0.001). Taking the median value of AR as cut-off (50.5 pmol/g), a significantly higher incidence (P = 0.004) of node negative patients was found in the group with a lower AR content. In a multivariate analysis the AR category (median value used as cut-off) was shown to be an independent predictor of the likelihood of axillary metastases (P = 0.001). AR category, however, did not reveal any significant prognostic information concerning relapse free survival. A subpopulation of node positive patients with ER positive tumors, have been included in a randomized trial on the role of tamoxifen as an adjuvant treatment compared with no endocrine treatment. In a multivariate analysis, PgR status was shown to be a single independent prognostic factor (P = 0.016) for relapse free survival in patients with a lower AR content (less than median value). The improved AR assay used in the present study may provide a basis for more correct estimation of the AR content in an individual tumor. The present study suggests that AR analysis and the use of a well-chosen cut-off level may add information about tumor biology to increase our understanding of breast cancer biology and treatment.
Crystal structure refinement : a crystallographer's guide to SHELXL (2006)

1. SHELXL 2. Crystal Structure Refinement 3. Hydrogen Atoms 4. Atom Type Assignment 5. Disorder 6. Pseudo Symmetry 7. Twinning 8. Artefacts 9. Structure Validation 10. Protein Refinement with SHELXL 11. Protein Structure (Cross) Validation 12. General Remarks
A collection of 1814 human chromosome 7-specific STSs. (1997)

An established goal of the ongoing Human Genome Project is the development and mapping of sequence-tagged sites (STSs) every 100 kb, on average, across all human chromosomes. En route to constructing such a physical map of human chromosome 7, we have generated 1814 chromosome 7-specific STSs. The corresponding PCR assays were designed by the use of DNA sequence determined in our laboratory (79%) or generated elsewhere (21%) and were demonstrated to be suitable for screening yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) libraries. This collection provides the requisite landmarks for constructing a physical map of chromosome 7 at < 100-kb average spacing of STSs.
High-power multiwavelength Er/sup 3+/-Yb/sup 3+/ codoped double-cladding fiber ring laser (2005)

A high-power simultaneous multiwavelength lasing in an Er/sup 3+/-Yb/sup 3+/ codoped double-cladding fiber (EYCDF) ring laser is demonstrated based on a wavelength-dependent filter through spatial mode beating within the multimode fiber section. We have investigated the relationship between the lasing wavelengths and the length of the EYCDFs. The experimental results indicate that both the number of lasing wavelength lines and the spacing between two adjacent lasing lines can be controlled by the changes of the lasing light polarization states.
McMahon families (1878)

McMahon families Get access John W. Bone, F.S.A. John W. Bone, F.S.A. 126, Bedford Place, Russell Square Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s5-IX, Issue 210, 5 January 1878, Page 7, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s5-IX.210.7b Published: 05 January 1878
Approach of adaptive control for a class of nonlinear systems using fuzzy approximator (2005)

Abstract: – Based on the Lyapunov synthesis approach and regarding the fuzzy system as approximator to approx-imate unknown functions in the system to be controlled, several adaptive control schemes have been developed during the last decade or more. Actually, (i) most of them just consider SISO systems (which can avoid the challenge of the coupling between control inputs); (ii) the system state have been involved in the fuzzy controller directly (in this way, there is no need to consider the problem of state observer). This paper develops a design methodology for a class of MIMO nonlinear systems with state observer. The overall adaptive scheme is shown to guarantee the tracking error, between the outputs of system and the desired values, to be asymptotical in decay, while maintaining all singles involved stable and forcing the estimated state to follow the real state rapidly. Key-Words: – Stability, State observer, Fuzzy approximator, Adaptive law. 1
Building High-Performance and Reconfigurable Bandwidth Controllers with Adaptive Clustering (2006)

As quality of service gains more and more attention, bandwidth controllers gradually become one of the most important network systems used in modern Internet environment. The demand for high-performance in-line bandwidth controllers is driven by the growing bandwidth available in the last mile WAN links as well as the sophisticated packet processing functions that become essential in current computer networks. In this paper, we propose an adaptive clustering scheme to scale the throughput of in-line devices and implement the bandwidth control functions over a cluster of in-line devices. The proposed scheme aggregates the processing power of multiple in-line devices in the cluster by making incoming traffic self-dispatched in a transparent fashion, and incorporates a flow migration mechanism that keeps the load of each device balanced. The resulted cluster is also able to tolerate device failures and hence is run-time reconfigurable. Based on the proposed scheme, we successfully design a distributed policy adjustment algorithm, the proportional bandwidth allocation algorithm, and implement a clustered bandwidth controller over embedded Linux. The results of performance evaluation suggest that the proposed traffic redistribution mechanism and distributed policy adjustment algorithm can be used together to realize high-performance and reconfigurable bandwidth controllers.
Reactive oxygen species and redox compartmentalization (2014)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and signaling are of major importance and regulate a number of processes in physiological conditions. A disruption in redox status regulation, however, has been associated with numerous pathological conditions. In recent years it has become increasingly clear that oxidative and reductive modifications are confined in a spatio-temporal manner. This makes ROS signaling similar to that of Ca(2+) or other second messengers. Some subcellular compartments are more oxidizing (such as lysosomes or peroxisomes) whereas others are more reducing (mitochondria, nuclei). Moreover, although more reducing, mitochondria are especially susceptible to oxidation, most likely due to the high number of exposed thiols present in that compartment. Recent advances in the development of redox probes allow specific measurement of defined ROS in different cellular compartments in intact living cells or organisms. The availability of these tools now allows simultaneous spatio-temporal measurements and correlation between ROS generation and organelle and/or cellular function. The study of ROS compartmentalization and microdomains will help elucidate their role in physiology and disease. Here we will examine redox probes currently available and how ROS generation may vary between subcellular compartments. Furthermore, we will discuss ROS compartmentalization in physiological and pathological conditions focusing our attention on mitochondria, since their vulnerability to oxidative stress is likely at the basis of several diseases.
Insulin Clearance During Hypoglycemia in Patients with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (1991)

Eight male patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) without residual beta-cell function were studied on two occasions in random order. In one experiment hypoglycemia was induced by a constant rate iv infusion of insulin (0.034 U/kg/h) during 150 minutes. At the other occasion an identical infusion of insulin was given, but this time euglycemia was maintained by a variable iv infusion of glucose. Plasma levels of free insulin were almost identical during the two experiments indicating that insulin clearance is not influenced by hypoglycemia in patients with IDDM.