gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrokinetic Transport in Nanochannels. 2. Experiments (2005)

We present an experimental study of nanoscale electrokinetic transport in custom-fabricated quartz nanochannels using quantitative epifluorescence imaging and current monitoring techniques. One aim is to yield insight into electrical double layer physics and study the applicability of continuum theory to nanoscale electrokinetic systems. A second aim is to explore a new separation modality offered by nanoscale electrophoretic separations. We perform parametric variations of applied electric field, channel depth, background buffer concentration, and species valence to impose variations on zeta potential, effective mobility, and Debye length among other parameters. These measurements were used to validate a continuum theory-based analytical model presented in the first of this two-paper series. Our results confirm the usefulness of continuum theory in predicting electrokinetic transport and electrophoretic separations in nanochannels. Our model leverages independent measurements of zeta potential performed in a microchannel system at electrolyte concentrations of interest. These data yield a zeta potential versus concentration relation that is used as a boundary condition for the nanochannel electrokinetic transport model. The data and model comparisons together show that the effective mobility governing electrophoretic transport of charged species in nanochannels depends not only on ion mobility values but also on the shape of the electric double layer and analyte ion valence. We demonstrate a method we term electrokinetic separation by ion valence, whereby both ion valence and mobility may be determined independently from a comparison of micro- and nanoscale transport measurements.
Waveguide components. A survey of methods of manufacture and inspection (1961)

This survey describes techniques which are at present used in the manufacture of microwave components of waveguide form, and gives some guidance and discussion on methods of inspection of these components. No specific mention is made of waveguide forms other than the cylindrical and rectangular types in general use, although many of the methods discussed will be equally applicable to other waveguide sections.
A Survey on 5G Networks for the Internet of Things: Communication Technologies and Challenges (2017)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a promising technology which tends to revolutionize and connect the global world via heterogeneous smart devices through seamless connectivity. The current demand for machine-type communications (MTC) has resulted in a variety of communication technologies with diverse service requirements to achieve the modern IoT vision. More recent cellular standards like long-term evolution (LTE) have been introduced for mobile devices but are not well suited for low-power and low data rate devices such as the IoT devices. To address this, there is a number of emerging IoT standards. Fifth generation (5G) mobile network, in particular, aims to address the limitations of previous cellular standards and be a potential key enabler for future IoT. In this paper, the state-of-the-art of the IoT application requirements along with their associated communication technologies are surveyed. In addition, the third generation partnership project cellular-based low-power wide area solutions to support and enable the new service requirements for Massive to Critical IoT use cases are discussed in detail, including extended coverage global system for mobile communications for the Internet of Things, enhanced machine-type communications, and narrowband-Internet of Things. Furthermore, 5G new radio enhancements for new service requirements and enabling technologies for the IoT are introduced. This paper presents a comprehensive review related to emerging and enabling technologies with main focus on 5G mobile networks that is envisaged to support the exponential traffic growth for enabling the IoT. The challenges and open research directions pertinent to the deployment of massive to critical IoT applications are also presented in coming up with an efficient context-aware congestion control mechanism.
Goal-Directed Hierarchical Dynamic Scripting for RTS Games (2006)

Learning how to defeat human players is a challenging task in today's commercial computer games. This paper suggests a goal-directed hierarchical dynamic scripting approach for incorporating learning into real-time strategy games. Two alternatives for shortening the re-adaptation time when using dynamic scripting are also presented. Finally, this paper presents an effective way of throttling the performance of the adaptive artificial intelligence system. Put together, the approach entails the possibility of an artificial intelligence opponent to be challenging for a human player, but not too challenging.
Commentary: a traumatic tale (1996)

Those traumatised commonly cannot believe what has happened to them, what's been done to them and that they will never be the same again. Therapists can be susceptible to becoming infected by this quality of incredulity. Terrible trauma is painful, maybe unbearable, even for its witnesses. Therapy or counselling is at risk of missing what is sometimes an unrepeatable opportunity for healing if what ensues is a collusion of unreality and denial. (non-author abstract)
[Study of gene expression profile of chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic and blastic phases]. (2004)

Obvious difference of gene expression profile existed between chronic and blastic phases of CML. Up-regulation of gene expression is one of the characteristics of CML in blastic phase. The genes related to G protein may play an important role in the blastic transformation of CML.
Research Note: A Dynamic Programming Approach to Customer Relationship Pricing (2005)

The practice of offering discounts to prospective customers represents a rudimentary form of using transaction history measures to customize the marketing mix. Furthermore, the proliferation of powerful customer relationship management (CRM) systems is providing the data and the communications channels necessary to extend this type of pricing strategy into true dynamic marketing policies that adjust pricing as customer relationships evolve. In this paper, we describe a dynamic programming–based approach to creating optimal relationship pricing policies. The methodology has two main components. The first component is a latent class logit model that is used to model customer buying behavior. The second component is a dynamic optimization procedure that computes profit-maximizing price paths. The methodology is illustrated using subscriber data provided by a large metropolitan newspaper. The empirical results provide support for the common managerial practice of offering discounts to new customers. However, in contrast to current practice, the results suggest the use of a series of decreasing discounts based on the length of customer tenure rather than a single steep discount for first-time purchasers. The dynamic programming (DP) methodology also represents an important approach to calculating customer value (CV). Specifically, the DP framework allows the calculation of CV to be an explicit function of marketing policies and customer status. As such, this method for calculating CV accounts for the value of managerial flexibility and improves upon existing methods that do not model revenue and attrition rates as functions of marketing variables.
Leipzig Corpus Miner - A Text Mining Infrastructure for Qualitative Data Analysis (2017)

This paper presents the "Leipzig Corpus Miner", a technical infrastructure for supporting qualitative and quantitative content analysis. The infrastructure aims at the integration of 'close reading' procedures on individual documents with procedures of 'distant reading', e.g. lexical characteristics of large document collections. Therefore information retrieval systems, lexicometric statistics and machine learning procedures are combined in a coherent framework which enables qualitative data analysts to make use of state-of-the-art Natural Language Processing techniques on very large document collections. Applicability of the framework ranges from social sciences to media studies and market research. As an example we introduce the usage of the framework in a political science study on post-democracy and neoliberalism.
Fault diagnosis for a delta-sigma converter by a neural network (2004)

The diagnosis of faults in a first order /spl Delta/-/spl sigma/converter is described. The circuit behaviour of fault-free circuits and circuits containing single faults were simulated and characterized by the output bitstream patterns. The latter were compared with that of the ideal fault-free circuit. A Simplified fuzzy ARTMAP was trained with metrics derived from the bitstreams and their assigned class. A diagnostic accuracy of 93% was achieved using just two of the metrics. The technique might be useful for the diagnosis of other circuits.
Distributions with fuzziness and randomness (2002)

Both cognitive and noncognitive uncertainties can be present in the same variable. The non-cognitive uncertainty of a variable can be described by its own probability density function (PDF); whereas the cognitive uncertainty of a random variable can be described by the membership function for its fuzziness and its /spl alpha/-cuts. A PDF called fuzzy-random PDF is proposed in this paper based on considering the combined effects of both cognitive and non-cognitive uncertainties for the variable. The variable is assumed to have a fuzzy mean and a non-fuzzy standard deviation. The fuzzy-random PDF is defined as the marginal density function of the multiplication of its normalized membership function and its random distribution. Relationships for the means and variances among the fuzzy-random distribution, normalized membership function, and random distribution were developed. The moments method and discrete method were proposed for dealing with the fuzzy-random PDF.
Cavity Flow Assessment Using Advanced Turbulence Modeling (2010)

The vortex shedding caused by compressible subsonic ow along a wall cavity has been investigated using a Large-Eddy Simulation (LES)-based turbulence modeling technique that is embedded within a legacy Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) solver to assess the improvement in the prediction of the ow eld and acoustic of cavity ows beyond the application of classic RANS turbulence models. Numerical simulations applying twoequation Kinetic-Energy Simulation (KES), sub-grid scale hybrid-RANS LES (HRLES-sgs), and Menter k w shear-stress transport (SST) turbulence methods have been carried out and compared with experiment and LES results. Important frequencies of the ow are determined, illustrating the abilities of advanced turbulence modeling to improve these predictions when compared to RANS models. Evaluation of the in uence of the grid, time step and simulation period shows the sensitivity of the predictions to these parameters.
A New Type of Two-dimensional Anti-counterfeit Code for Document Authentication Using Neural Networks (2020)

With the development of technology, the precision of scanning and printing is on the increase. Nowadays, People can easily forge prints with the facility. We need an effective anti-counterfeiting method. Graphical codes are an inexpensive method in the production of anti-counterfeiting. It is generally composed of random-like binary images and printed with high precision. After scanning and reprinting, the information on the pattern will irreversibly be damaged. Thus we can verify the authenticity of the print based on the loss rate of the information of the graphical codes. In this paper, we present a new anti-counterfeiting code, called Two-Level Dot Code (2LD-code), by replacing each dot in the 2D dot code with a particular anti-counterfeiting pattern. This 2LD-code realizes the anti-counterfeiting function while storing extra information. A deep neural network is applied to verify the authorization by extracting the anti-counterfeiting pattern and distinguish original prints and duplicate ones. Experimental results demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed method.
Fragment-free approach to protein folding using conditional neural fields (2010)

We present a new fragment-free approach to protein folding using a recently invented probabilistic graphical model conditional neural fields (CNF). This new CNF method is much more powerful than CRF in modeling the sophisticated protein sequence-structure relationship and thus, enables us to generate native-like conformations more easily. We show that when coupled with a simple energy function and replica exchange Monte Carlo simulation, our CNF method can generate decoys much better than CRF on a variety of test proteins including the CASP8 free-modeling targets. In particular, our CNF method can predict a correct fold for T0496_D1, one of the two CASP8 targets with truly new fold. Our predicted model for T0496 is significantly better than all the CASP8 models.
Exon structure of a mannose-binding protein gene reflects its evolutionary relationship to the asialoglycoprotein receptor and nonfibrillar collagens. (1987)

Cloned cDNAs encoding mannose-binding proteins isolated from rat liver have been used to isolate one of the genes encoding this group of proteins. This gene, which encodes the minor form of binding protein (designated MBP-A), has been characterized by sequence analysis. The protein-coding portion of the mRNA for the MBP-A is encoded by four exons separated by three introns. The NH2-terminal, collagen-like portion of the protein is encoded by the first two exons. These exons resemble the exons found in the genes for nonfibrillar collagens in that the intron which divides them is inserted between the first two bases of a glycine codon and the exons do not have the 54- or 108-base pair lengths characteristic of fibrillar collagen genes. The carbohydrate-binding portion of MBP-A is encoded by the remaining two exons. This portion of the protein is homologous to the carbohydrate-recognition domain of the hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor, which is encoded by four exons. It appears that the three COOH-terminal exons of the asialoglycoprotein receptor gene have been fused into a single exon in the MBP-A gene. The organization of the MBP-A gene is very similar to the arrangement of the gene encoding the highly homologous pulmonary surfactant apoprotein, although one of the intron positions is shifted by a single amino acid. The 3' end of a mannose-binding protein pseudogene has also been characterized.
Evaluation of a data communication model for switched fibre channel (1995)

The ANSI standard fibre channel is emerging as the networking protocol of choice for high bandwidth applications. Fibre channel is an enabling technology because of the tremendous advantages in speed and latency it provides over existing networking technologies. Applications that weren't feasible before are now possible, and more applications that demand similar performance will follow. Fibre channel is the high performance alternative to existing networking technologies such as FDDI, Fast Ethernet, and ATM. Fibre channel (FC) provides for two different data communication models: connection (class 1 service) and connectionless (class 2 or 3 service). Although interoperable, some of these implementations may not result in optimal performance. There is some disagreement in the FC community as to which is more appropriate. Both have their advantages and disadvantages, and so it's necessary to look at each application individually. The article addresses some of these issues by simulating these two communication models over different switch architectures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ecological effects of oral antibiotics on the microflora of human skin (1971)

The capacity of orally administered antibiotics to alter the resident microbial flora of the skin was evaluated after three weeks of treatment with tetracyclines, penicillins, erythromycin, and a lincomycin derivative. An increase in the percentage of resistant organisms was the most sensitive indicator that an antibiotic had reached the surface; conversion from a dominantly diphtheroid to coccal flora was another evidence of substantial surface levels. It was concluded that this mainly happened as a result of holocrine excretion via epidermal or sebaceous cells. Tetracyclines and erythromycin were instances of the latter effect. Penicillins did not materially alter the microflora, except for a slight increase in resistant cells. Significant reductions in the density of<i>Cornebacterium acnes</i>on the forehead were produced by three of four tetracyclines and the lincomycin derivative.
Air Cooling of Turbine Blades and Vanes (1967)

THE demand of the aircraft designer has been, and presumably always will be, for his engines to operate better in three basic respects. To give more thrust, to have less weight, and to require less fuel.
Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Certain Optical Crystalline Materials* (1951)

Measurements have been made of various physical properties of certain optical materials of interest in infrared instrumentation. Tables are included which list values of Young’s modulus, apparent elastic limit, modulus of rupture, modulus of rigidity, hardness, and linear coefficient of thermal expansion. Major data are reported on the following crystals: silver chloride, thallium bromide-iodide, thallium bromide-chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium bromide, lithium fluoride, and calcium fluoride. Some data are also given for a dozen-odd other optical materials. Literature values of elastic coefficients are stated for comparison, as well as the values of Young’s modulus and modulus of rigidity calculated from these coefficients. A brief discussion is given of the variation of the elastic moduli with direction in the crystal, for cubic crystals.
The Effect of Partial Replacement of Paper Sludge by Commercial Fillers on Natural Rubber Composites (2008)

The effects of partial or complete replacement of two commercial fillers, carbon black (CB) and silica on cure characteristics, tensile properties, fatigue life, morphological properties, and rubber—filler interaction of paper sludge (PS) filled natural rubber composites were elucidated. Compounding was carried out on a two-roll mill with total filler loading of 30 phr. Results indicate that maximum torque, tensile strength, elongation at break, tensile modulus, and fatigue life increased the cure time while the scorch time decrease with increasing carbon black loading ratio of PS/CB filled natural rubber composites. On the other hand, increased loading of silica in PS/silica weight ratio resulted in an increment in cure time, scorch time, maximum torque, elongation at break, and fatigue life but not significantly altering tensile strength and tensile modulus of the natural rubber composites. In addition, PS/silica filled natural rubber composites exhibit lower maximum torque, tensile properties, and fatigue life compared to the PS/CB filled natural rubber composites. Rubber—filler interaction and SEM micrograph studies proved that the higher interaction between carbon black and natural rubber occurred in PS/CB filled natural rubber composites rather than PS/silica filled natural rubber composites.
Notch Signaling Mediates TNF-<b><i>α</i></b>-Induced IL-6 Production in Cultured Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes from Rheumatoid Arthritis (2011)

It has been reported that Notch family proteins are expressed in synovium tissue and involved in the proliferation of synoviocyte from rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this paper was to investigate whether Notch signaling mediated TNF-α-induced cytokine production of cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) from RA. Exposure of RA FLSs to TNF-α (10 ng/ml) led to increase of Hes-1, a target gene of Notch signaling, and a marked upregulation of Notch 2, Delta-like 1, and Delta-like 3 mRNA levels. Blockage of Notch signaling by a γ-secretase inhibitor (DAPT) inhibited IL-6 secretion of RA FLSs in response to TNF-α while treatment with recombinant fusion protein of Notch ligand Delta-like 1 promoted such response. TNF-α stimulation also induced IL-6 secretion in OA FLSs; however, the Hes-1 level remained unaffected. Our data confirm the functional involvement of Notch pathway in the pathophysiology of RA FLSs which may provide a new target for RA therapy.
Further observations on the spectrum of the spontaneous luminous radiation of radium at ordinary temperatures (1904)

Abstract In the plate accompanying our paper on the spectrum of the glow of radium bromide, at least seven lines are seen to agree, both in position and in intensity, with corresponding lines in the band spectrum of nitrogen. We called attention to other lines, of which some traces may be detected on the plate, and we suggested that with a longer exposure a more complete spectrum would be obtained.
Molecular Beacon Aptamers for Direct and Universal Quantitation of Recombinant Proteins from Cell Lysates (2012)

Western blot, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and fluorescent fusion proteins are currently the most common methods for detecting recombinant proteins. However, the former two are cumbersome and time-consuming, and the latter method may interfere with the trafficking and function of the fused recombinant proteins. We report here a rapid, inexpensive, and simple approach to detect and quantify recombinant proteins using an anti-His-tag molecular beacon aptamer (HMBA). We demonstrated the technique by detection and quantitation of expressed recombinant proteins directly from E. coli cell lysate. The amount of expressed P78-His was determined to be 1.49 μg from the 20 μg cell lysate proteins. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example directly measuring the concentration and expression yield of recombinant proteins from cell lysate, and the entire procedure required only 5 min.
Treatment of Headache by Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation (1985)

SYNOPSIS Transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TENS) has been used extensively for many types of pain but only rarely for headache. The object of this study was to judge the efficacy of TENS against placebo. Contrary to popular use, TENS (and placebo) were applied in a rigid manner, probably prejudicial to maximum effectiveness. 62 patients with migraine or muscle contraction headache, or both, were studied using TENS equipment of low amperage and high frequency. One of three modalities was chosen at random for each patient: TENS just above the patient's ability to perceive the stimuli (perceived stimuli), TENS just below the perception threshold (subliminal stimuli), and electrodes applied without electrical stimulation (placebo). Degree of improvement was judged by the patient using a scale of pain from 1 to 10. Following treatment with TENS perceived by the patient, 55% of patients noted improvement as compared to 18% after application of placebo; a significant difference (p < .025 chi‐square test). Subliminal TENS was not statistically better than placebo.