gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dry skin (xerosis) in patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis: the role of decreased sweating of the eccrine sweat gland (1995)

The aetiology and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of dry skin in uraemia are still unclear, but the hydration status of stratum corneum clearly influences the appearance of skin. The xerotic skin texture is often referred to as 'dry skin' and has been suggested as a cause of uraemic pruritus. To understand the aetiology of dry skin in uraemia we measured the status of skin surface hydration of uraemic patients with the corneometer and skin surface hydrometer, the functional capacity and the urea concentration of stratum corneum and the response of eccrine sweat gland to sudorific agent (0.05% pilocarpine HCL) in 18 age-matched haemodialysis patients and 10 healthy volunteers. We also performed the water sorption-desorption test to uraemic and control subjects after application of urea in various concentrations. Uraemic patient's skin showed decreased water content compared to control subjects. However, we found no correlation between dry skin and pruritus. Although the urea concentration of the horny layer in uraemic patients was elevated compared to control subjects (28.2 microgram/cm2 vs 5.04 micrograms/cm2, P < 0.05), its moisturizing effect to relieve pruritus is questionable because its artificial application revealed no improvement of the functional capacity of horny layer in concentration 5 times higher than the physiological concentration. Uraemic patients showed decreased sweating response to sudorific agent. In conclusion, the functional abnormalities of eccrine sweat glands may be account for dry skin in uraemic patients at least in part, but there is no correlation between xerosis and pruritus.
Tri(phosphorano)borazinium-Ionen (1998)

Es wird erstmals über die Synthese, die Strukturen und quantenchemische Rechnungen von Tri(phosphorano)borazinium-Ionen berichtet. [HBNPEt3]33+(I–)3 (6) und [H4B3(NPEt3)3]2+(I–)2 (7) entstehen durch Einwirkung von Iod auf das Boran-Addukt an Trimethylsilyltriethylphosphanimin. Mit Acetonitril reagiert 6 unter Bildung von [{HBNPEt3}3CH3CN]3+(I–)3 · CH3CN (8). Während 6 einen nahezu planaren B3N3-Sechsring mit BN-Abständen von 143 pm bildet, die denen in Borazin-Molekülen entsprechen, ist in 7 und 8 je ein Boratom durch eine zusätzliche Bindung mit einem Hydrid-Liganden bzw. durch die Addukt-Bildung mit Acetonitril sp3-hybridisiert. Die quantenchemischen Rechnungen lassen relativ polare B–N-Bindungen erkennen. Tri(phosphorano)borazinium Ions The synthesis, structures, and quantum-chemical calculations of tri(phosphorano)borazinium ions are reported for the first time. [HBNPEt3]33+(I–)3 (6) and [H4B3(NPEt3)3]2+(I–)2 (7) originate from iodine acting on the borane adduct at trimethylsilyltriethylphosphoraneimine. With acetonitrile 6 reacts under formation of [{HBNPEt3}3CH3CN]3+(I–)3 · CH3CN (8). While 6 forms an almost planar B3N3 six-membered ring with BN distances of 143 pm, which are equivalent to those in borazine molecules, in 7 and 8 one boron atom at a time is sp3 hybridized due to an additional bonding with a hydride ligand and to the adduct formation with acetonitrile, respectively. The quantum-chemical calculations suggest relatively polar B–N bonds.
Synergistic activation of stress-activated protein kinase 1/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK1/JNK) isoforms by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MKK4) and MKK7 (2000)

Stress-activated protein kinase 1 (SAPK1), also called c-Jun Nterminal kinase (JNK), becomes activated in i o in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines or cellular stresses.Its full activation requires the phosphorylation of a threonine and a tyrosine residue in a Thr-Pro-Tyr motif, which can be catalysed by the protein kinases mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MKK)4 and MKK7.Here we report that MKK4 shows a striking preference for the tyrosine residue (Tyr-185), and MKK7 a striking preference for the threonine residue (Thr-183) in three SAPK1\JNK1 isoforms tested (JNK1α1, JNK2α2 and JNK3α1).For this reason, MKK4 and MKK7 together produce a synergistic increase in the activity of each SAPK1\JNK isoform in itro.The MKK7β variant, which is several hundred-fold more efficient in activating all three SAPK1\JNK isoforms than is MKK7αh, is equally specific for Thr-183.MKK7 also phosphorylates JNK2α2 at Thr-404 and Ser-407 in itro, Ser-407 being phosphorylated much more rapidly than Thr-183 in itro.Thr-404\Ser-407 are phosphorylated in unstimulated human KB cells Abbreviations used : ATF2, activating transcription factor 2; CK2, (formerly known as) casein kinase II; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; GST, glutathione S-transferase; IL-1, interleukin-1; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; JNKK, JNK kinase; MALDI-TOF; matrix-assisted laser-desorption
Models for bit-true simulation and high-level synthesis of DSP applications (2003)

Real-time DSP applications require a bit-true synthesis system to generate correct and efficient ASICs. This requires concise simulation and synthesis models, which are presented in this paper and exemplified for a non-restoring division operation. Such models are used in the synthesis library of bit-true Cathedral-II compiler, by which industrial size applications have been synthesised.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Research data supporting 'Exploring piezoelectric properties of III-V nanowires using piezo-response force microscopy' (2017)

1. Fig 1 data: XRD raw data. 2. Fig 3 data: 3 matlab figures for each simulation – and the resulting curves. 3. Fig 4 data: 1 AFM image showing topography and KPFM; 1 HSDC file – the origin of presented data. 4. Fig 5 data: 2 AFM images (tapping and QNM) of the NW array, and the NW examined; 1 HSDC file – the origin of the presented data.
3202 The analysis and evaluation of low-profile micro ultrasonic motors driven by sector shaped piezoelectric vibrators (2008)

A low-profile micro ultrasonic motor has been designed and fabricated. This motor has two sector shaped vibrators. The vibrators generate elliptical motion by the 1st longitudinal mode and the 2nd bending mode. They are supported by planar elastic structure that combined with preload mechanism. Three types of pre-load systems were designed and evaluated. The diameter and thickness of one type was 9.8[mm] and 0.6[mm]. These vibrators have been oscillated around 340 [kHz]. The maximum rotation speed was 1.2 x 10^3 [rpm] and the maximum starting torque was 98.8[μNm] when the applied voltage was 20[V_<p-p>].
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐ UND 2‐SUBSTITUIERTE 1,3‐BUTADIEN‐EISENTRICARBONYLE (1974)

Abstract 1‐Ferrocenyl‐1‐buten‐3‐ol (I) geht in Benzol mit Dieisennonacarbonyl (II) in Gegenwart von Kupfersulfat in die Komplexverbindung (III) über.
Nonlinear characteristics of wheezes as seen in the wavelet higher-order spectra domain (2006)

The aim of this study was to capture and analyze the nonlinear characteristics of asthmatic wheezes, reflected in the quadrature phase coupling of their harmonics, as they evolve over time within the breathing cycle. To achieve this, the continuous wavelet transform was combined with third-order statistics/spectra. Wheezes from diagnosed asthmatic patients were drawn from a lung sound database and analyzed in the time-bi-frequency domain. The analysis results justified the efficient performance of this combinatory approach to reveal and quantify the evolution of wheeze nonlinearities with time
Impact of Fli-1 transcription factor on autoantibody and lupus nephritis in NZM2410 mice (2010)

The transcription factor Fli-1 is implicated in the pathogenesis of both murine and human lupus. Increased levels of Fli-1 mRNA were present in the peripheral blood lymphocytes from lupus patients; furthermore, transgenic overexpression of Fli-1 in normal mice resulted in the development of a lupus-like disease. Lupus nephritis is a major cause of death in both lupus patients as well as in animal models. In this study, we generated Fli-1 heterozygous knockout (Fli-1(+/)⁻ ) NZM2410 mice (of which the wild-type is a widely used lupus murine model) that expressed decreased levels of Fli-1 and investigated the impact of Fli-1 expression on lupus nephritis development and survival. Ninety-three per cent of the Fli-1(+/)⁻ NZM2410 mice survived to the age of 52 weeks compared to only 35% of wild-type NZM2410 mice. Autoantibodies, including anti-dsDNA and anti-glomerular basement antigen, in Fli-1(+/)⁻ NZM2410 mice were statistically significantly lower when compared to wild-type NZM2410 mice at the ages of 30 and 34 weeks. Total B cell and activated B cell populations in the spleens from Fli-1(+/)⁻ NZM2410 mice were decreased significantly compared to wild-type NZM2410 mice. Fli-1(+/)⁻ NZM2410 mice also had remarkably diminished proteinuria and decreased renal pathological scores when compared with wild-type NZM2410 mice. Expression of early growth response 1 (Egr-1) was decreased significantly in the kidneys from Fli-1(+/)⁻ NZM2410 mice when compared to wild-type littermates. Our data indicate that expression of Fli-1 plays an important role in lupus disease development in NZM2410 mice.
Orbit and dynamic origin of the recently recovered Annama's H5 chondrite (2015)

We describe the fall of Annama meteorite occurred in the remote Kola Peninsula (Russia) close to Finnish border on 2014 April 19 (local time). The fireball was instrumentally observed by the Finnish Fireball Network. From these observations the strewnfield was computed and two first meteorites were found only a few hundred metres from the predicted landing site on 2014 May 29 and 30, so that the meteorite (an H5 chondrite) experienced only minimal terrestrial alteration. The accuracy of the observations allowed a precise geocentric radiant to be obtained, and the heliocentric orbit for the progenitor meteoroid to be calculated. Backward integrations of the orbits of selected near-Earth asteroids and the Annama meteoroid showed that they rapidly diverged so that the Annama meteorites are unlikely related to them. The only exception seems to be the recently discovered 2014UR116 that shows a plausible dynamic relationship. Instead, analysis of the heliocentric orbit of the meteoroid suggests that the delivery of Annama onto an Earth-crossing Apollo-type orbit occurred via the 3:1 mean motion resonance with Jupiter or the nu6 secular resonance, dynamic mechanisms that are responsible for delivering to Earth most meteorites studied so far.
SUMOylation of NADPH Oxidases Negatively Regulates Reactive Oxygen Species Production (2011)

Oxidative Stress derived from excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a potent stimulus regulating the attachment of Small Ubiquitin-like MOdifiers (SUMO), a novel posttranslational modification of substrate proteins. Increased SUMOylation has been shown to provide protection from oxidative stress, but the mechanisms involved are unknown. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to determine whether SUMO influences the activity of the NADPH oxidases (Nox), a major source of ROS. We found that SUMO-1 and the SUMO-specific conjugating enzyme, UBC9 potently inhibit the activity of Nox5, whereas SUMO-2 was ineffective. SUMO-1 did not modify the expression of Nox5 and intracellular calcium levels but decreased Nox5 activity in an isolated enzyme activity assay suggesting a direct effect of SUMOylation on Nox enzymes. Indeed, we found that Nox5 was a substrate for SUMO in both in cells and in vitro SUMOylation reaction. SUMO-1 also suppressed ROS generation from Nox1, 3 and 4. A SUMOylated form of Nox5 was detected in isolated human saphenous veins and inhibition of endogenous SUMOylation with siRNA to SUMO-1 or UBC9 or with the inhibitor, anacardic acid potentiates ROS production from HEK cells, human smooth muscle cells and isolated neutrophils. Together, these results suggest that SUMO modification of Nox enzymes is an important regulatory mechanism that limits the production of ROS to diminish cellular stress.
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting of Chronically Occluded Right Coronary Artery Improves Long-Term Survival (2021)

Objectives: The benefit of revascularizing chronically occluded coronary arteries remains debatable and available long-term outcome reports are sparse. Current guidelines recommend revascularization of chronically occluded arteries only in patients with myocardial ischemia and/or symptoms associated with angina. We investigated outcome of patients with total chronic occlusion of the right coronary artery (RCA) receiving CABG surgery with and without revascularization of the RCA.
Intelligently Using Intelligent Completions (2008)

Management Oil and gas producers and service companies have long been committed to recovering more hydrocarbons from fewer wells. This presents a significant challenge, and most in our industry will agree that innovative application of technology is key to addressing it. Today, however, the challenge is even more daunting: to produce more complex hydrocarbon resources economically while continuing to increase ultimate recovery. In the past, a well's longevity could be prolonged by plugging it back and recompleting it in a shallower pay zone, continuing until all zones had watered out and the well was abandoned. However, engineers realized that in spite of their best attempts, recovery factors averaged only 30%, and often their response was to drill more wells. Engineers sought new ways to improve recovery while drilling fewer wells using geophysical and reservoir information to guide well placement. More accurate, higher-resolution data reduced interpretation ambiguities and decision risk, and advances in drilling technology allowed wells to be steered into the most prolific portions of the reservoir. Most significantly, the shift from analog to digital data recording enabled integration of information from separate sources. This integration improved knowledge and allowed full field simulation, which in turn resulted in better reservoir understanding and more efficient field development plans. From Knowing to Doing Over time, several techniques have been employed to maximize early production and optimize financial returns. However, in the current environment, production rates alone do not define a good project. Economically improving recovery is perceived as more difficult to achieve than just increasing production. Recovery is highly dependent on completion technology and reservoir management. Completion technology and reservoir management are more likely to succeed when applied on a fieldwide basis, and they both require substantial upfront engineering and investment. Despite the technical challenges, increasing recovery economically is essential to bringing the industry to a new level of success. As we encounter more complex reservoirs, requiring multiple-zone completions, it is critical to have the capability to modify the downhole completion as production parameters change over the life of the well. The types of completions that can be modified to improve recovery are intelligent completions—combinations of downhole sensors and actuators, plus the software and systems integration to monitor and control individual sections of a well remotely. In the first applications of intelligent completions, the focus was on single-well flow-control valves with limited monitoring. The economics of such technology limited its use to complex, often subsea, wells with high productivity. Over the course of a decade, however, about 1,200 zones now are producing through intelligent completions.
Electrical activity of the diaphragm during neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in pediatric patients (2014)

Optimizing the level of support during NAVA by aiming at a peak Edi between 5 and 15 µV was an applicable strategy in our pediatric population. Relatively high post-extubation Edi signal levels were seen in patients recovering from respiratory distress. Information revealed by the Edi signal could be used to find patients with a potential risk of extubation failure.
Vehicle lateral control with combined use of a laser scanning radar sensor and rear magnetometers (2002)

This paper describes the design procedure of vehicle lateral control algorithms for automated highway systems with combined use of a laser scanning radar sensor (LIDAR) and rear magnetometers. The LIDAR sensor measures the vehicle's lateral position relative to the preceding vehicle, and the magnetometers measure the lane following error relative to magnets buried along the center of the highway lane. It has been concluded from previous research that, in the event of front-magnetometer failure, and thus in the presence of rear magnetometers only, the vehicle lateral control algorithms can only achieve limited performance. This problem can be overcome by combining the use of the rear magnetometers with an on-board LIDAR sensor. A systematic controller design procedure is presented, which minimizes the interactions between the disturbance on one measurement output and the other output. A platoon of four vehicles, with three following vehicles under the proposed control scheme, is used in a simulation study to validate the proposed approach.
Alternative Physical and System Architectures for Membrane Based Advanced Regenerative Space Life Support System Water Processing (2006)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This study introduces new concepts in the function and placement of membrane based water treatment processes in Exploration Life Support (ELS) System design. These differences are in both form and function and have the potential to radically alter the current paradigms of thought within the ELS research community with regards to the limitations of conventional membrane water treatment. More importantly, they have the potential to change the placement of water processing by quite literally moving it “out of the box”, or in the case of ELS, the standard rack volume. Two possible systems, extremely small scale personal urine treatment and recycle (CEV Lightweight Contingency Water Treatment) and a similar but scaled up habitat wall embedded membrane water treatment pouch, are used to demonstrate the concepts involved.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This work presents current membrane technology as an engineered material that can utilize a number of different treatment system architectures to achieve quite different treatment outcomes, when compared to traditional pressure fed membrane element based systems. Also, in treating membranes as an engineered material in integrative habitat and water processing design, other issues can be addressed by the water processor. Of particular interest is integrating water processing into radiation shielding (water wall) and flexible structural (zero pressurized volume mass metric) design. This makes the concepts covered of particular relevance to the radiation shielding designer and space architect, as well as the physical water treatment designer.</div>
Stable Hierarchical Model Predictive Control Using an Inner Loop Reference Model and Lambda-Contractive Terminal Constraint Sets (2013)

This paper proposes a novel hierarchical model predictive control (MPC) strategy that guarantees overall system stability. This method differs significantly from previous approaches to guaranteeing overall stability, which have relied upon a multi-rate framework where the inner loop (low level) is updated at a faster rate than the outer loop (high level), and the inner loop must reach a steady-state within each outer loop time step. In contrast, the method proposed in this paper is aimed at stabilizing the origin of an error system characterized by the difference between the inner loop state and the state specified by a full-order reference model. This makes the method applicable to systems with reduced levels of time scale separation. This paper proposes a framework for guaranteeing stability that leverages the use of the reference model, in conjunction with lambda-contractive constraint sets for both the inner and outer loops. The effectiveness of the proposed reference model-based strategy is shown through simulation on an existing stirred tank reactor problem, where we demonstrate that the MPC optimization problem remains feasible and that the system remains stable and continues to perform well when time scale separation between the inner and outer loops is reduced.
Stability of Cations for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (2007)

The hydrothermal stability of quaternary ammonium hydroxides was evaluated to better understand the degradation of anion exchange membranes used in alkaline fuel cells. Benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide and phenyltrimethylammonium hydroxide were examined as representative cations for membrane materials. The benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxides displayed much better stability than the phenyltrimethylammonium hydroxides under similar conditions. Additionally, as the concentration of the ammonium hydroxides in water increased, the stability of the cation decreased.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Halofluorination of Alkenes with Tetrabutylphosphonium Dihydrogentrifluoride in Combination with N‐Halosuccinimide or 1,3‐ Dibromo‐5,5‐dimethylhydantoin. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Downregulation of tyrosine hydroxylase phenotype after AAV injection above substantia nigra: Caution in experimental models of Parkinson’s disease (2018)

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector-mediated delivery of human α-synuclein (α-syn) gene in rat substantia nigra (SN) results in increased expression of α-syn protein in the SN and striatum which can progressively degenerate dopaminergic neurons. Therefore, this model is thought to recapitulate the neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. Here, using AAV to deliver α-syn above the SN in male and female rats resulted in clear expression of human α-syn in the SN and striatum. The protein was associated with moderate behavioral deficits and some loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the nigrostriatal areas. However, the immunohistochemistry results were highly variable and showed little to no correlation with behavior and the amount of α-syn present. Expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) was used as a control to monitor gene delivery and expression efficacy. AAV-GFP resulted in a similar or greater TH loss compared to AAV-α-syn and therefore an additional vector that does not express a protein was tested. Vectors with double-floxed inverse open reading frame (DIO ORF) encoding fluorescent proteins that generate RNA that is not translated also resulted in TH downregulation in the SN but showed no significant behavioral deficits. These results demonstrate that although expression of wild-type human α-syn can cause neurodegeneration, the variability and lack of correlation with outcome measures are drawbacks with the model. Furthermore, design and control selection should be considered carefully because of conflicting conclusions due to AAV downregulation of TH, and we recommend caution with having highly regulated TH as the only marker for the dopamine system.