gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photon-Radiative Recombination of Electrons and Holes in Germanium (1954)

The spectral distribution of the rate of photon generation for the photon-radiative recombination of electrons and holes in germanium is determined from known optical properties by application of the principle of detailed balance. Quantities characterizing the process are evaluated: The thermal equilibrium recombination rate at 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K is 1.57\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{13}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ ${\mathrm{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, which corresponds to a recombination cross section of 2.9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}21}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ and a decay time for a small disturbance in carrier concentration in intrinsic material of 0.75 sec. The extension to the steady-state case of added current carriers is given, and estimates are included of the dependence of the quantities on temperature.
Drop-size Distribution for Cross Current Breakup of Liquid Jets in Airstreams (1957)

Report presenting drop-size-distribution data obtained for liquid jets atomized by cross-stream injection from simple orifices into high-velocity airstreams. A high-speed camera and a sampling technique were combined to obtain data over ranges of injector, liquid, and airstream variables.
[Study on ingredients of essential oils of Curcuma wenyujin extracted by supercritical-CO2 fluid extraction and steam distillation]. (2006)

Supercritical-CO2 fluid extraction is better than steam distillation in extraction time, power consumption, recovery and purity.
Isolation of Vibrio harveyi acyl carrier protein and the fabG, acpP, and fabF genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis (1996)

We report the isolation of Vibrio harveyi acyl carrier protein (ACP) and cloning of a 3,973-bp region containing the fabG (encoding 3-ketoacyl-ACP reductase, 25.5 kDa), acpP (encoding ACP, 8.7 kDa), fabF (encoding 3-ketoacyl-ACP synthase II, 43.1 kDa), and pabC (encoding aminodeoxychorismate lyase, 29.9 kDa) genes. Predicted amino acid sequences were, respectively, 78, 86, 76, and 35% identical to those of the corresponding Escherichia coli proteins. Five of the 11 sequence differences between V. harveyi and E. coli ACP were nonconservative amino acid differences concentrated in a loop region between helices I and II.
Auto anti-interference sliding mode control based on active front steering (2015)

For vehicle driving process system parameters uncertainty and external disturbance, an active front wheel steering anti-interference sliding mode controller was designed. This paper also set up two degrees of freedom linear reference vehicle model and took the actual vehicles yawing angular velocity and the ideal expected yawing angular velocity deviation as input. In addition, the equivalent control and switching control methods were used to design sliding mode control law. The universal approximation capability of neural network and adaptive control algorithm were used to restrain chattering, and using controller output stacked front wheel angle to compensate for the total uncertainty. Besides, the stability of the system was analyzed based on the Lyapunov stability theory. Then, the dynamic simulation model was built by using Simulink software to verify the designed controller. Results show that the controller has strong robustness toward the system parameter variations and external disturbance and it can not only accurately track the desired state response, also effectively weaken the chattering, and improve the quality of the vehicle stability comprehensive control.
Renal dysplasia in boxers and Finnish harriers (2000)

Puppies from two litters of dogs were found to have severe polyuria and polydipsia. Four of the dogs were investigated by means of clinical examination, haematological and biochemical analysis, and urinalysis. A modified water deprivation response test was also performed in two of the dogs. Renal changes on postmortem examination in three of the dogs were found to be consistent with renal dysplasia. A possible explanation for the finding of hyposthenuria and the extreme polyuria and polydipsia in association with renal dysplasia may be lack of response to antidiuretic hormone owing to anomalous maturation of the renal tubules. Six other puppies from the two litters of dogs did not show any clinical signs of polyuria and polydipsia, although postmortem examination in one of them also revealed renal dysplasia. The clinical features of renal dysplasia may therefore vary greatly between individuals.
Peripheral Arterial Disease: Medical Care and Prevention of Complications (2002)

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common but under-recognized problem affecting older patients. Intermittent claudication is the most frequent symptom of PAD, although the diagnosis of PAD is often overlooked until the patient presents with limb-threatening ischemia. Importantly, PAD is a marker for generalized atherosclerosis and is closely associated with coronary and cerebrovascular disease. The severity of PAD has been correlated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death. The recognition and diagnosis of PAD, combined with its appropriate medical management, may well reduce the overall risk of cardiovascular morbidity. When diagnosed early, both exercise and pharmacotherapy can ameliorate symptoms of claudication, augment functional performance, and improve quality of life.
Telomerase: not just for the elongation of telomeres (2006)

Telomerase RNA component (TERC) and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) function together to elongate telomeres and to protect chromosomal ends. Recent studies have discovered that overexpression of telomerase's TERT subunit promoted epidermal stem-cell mobilization, hair growth and stem-cell proliferation without changes in length of telomeres.1,2 This telomerase functional characteristic is TERC independent and is operated through a mechanism other than telomere elongation. These findings open new doors for future explorations to understand telomerase function and its interaction with other cell components in the regulation of cell senescence and tumorigenesis.
Behavior of Lipoxygenase during Establishment, Senescence, and Rejuvenation of Soybean Cotyledons (1985)

Lipoxygenase protein and activity were examined during establishment, senescence, and rejuvenation of soybean cotyledons. Lipoxygenase protein, as determined on ;Western' immunoblots, and lipoxygenase-1 and -2/3 activities decreased during mobilization of seed reserves 3 to 9 days following planting. Lipoxygenase-1 activity decreased more rapidly than lipoxygenase-2/3 and was not detectable by 11 days after planting. Lipoxygenase protein increased after day 11 while lipoxygenase-2/3 activity continued to decline. During the later stages of cotyledon senescence, both lipoxygenase protein and lipoxygenase-2/3 activity decreased. Upon rejuvenation, lipoxygenase-2/3 activity, but not that of lipoxygenase-1, increased. These results demonstrate that elevated lipoxygenase activity does not represent a universal characteristic of senescent plant tissue.
Structural Flexibility in Activated Carbon Materials Prepared under Harsh Activation Conditions (2019)

Although traditionally high-surface area carbon materials have been considered as rigid structures with a disordered three dimensional (3D) network of graphite microdomains associated with a limited electrical conductivity (highly depending on the porous structure and surface chemistry), here we show <i>for the first time</i> that this is not the case for activated carbon materials prepared using harsh activation conditions (e.g., KOH activation). In these specific samples a clear structural re-orientation can be observed upon adsorption of different organic molecules, the structural changes giving rise to important changes in the electrical resistivity of the material. Whereas short chain hydrocarbons and their derivatives give rise to an increased resistivity, the contrary occurs for longer-chain hydrocarbons and/or alcohols. The high sensitivity of these high-surface area carbon materials towards these organic molecules opens the gate towards their application for sensing devices.
Nucleated red blood cells in the fetus and newborn (2001)

Although nucleated red blood cells (nRBCs) are rarely found circulating in older children, 1 they are commonly seen in the blood of newborns. They are primarily produced in the fetal bone marrow in response to erythropoietin and are stored in the marrow as precursors to reticulocytes and mature erythrocytes. Many acute and chronic stimuli cause increases in the number of circulating nRBCs from either increased erythropoietic activity or a sudden release from the marrow storage pools. This paper reviews the various pathological processes associated with increased production and release of nRBCs. It emphasises the eVects of acute, subacute, and chronic asphyxia on nRBC counts.
Toward Zero Environmental Impact of the Produced Water (2003)

Abstract Reduced environmental impact is the goal when choosing produced water treatment technologies. On the Norwegian sector the method used for quantifying this impact is the Environmental Impact Factor, EIF. This method is computerized in a tool that calculates the environmental impact from each of a number of chemical component groups that are present in produced water. Re-injection of produced water is the preferred option, and mostly used when pressure support is required. This paper, however, describes new treatment technologies aimed at produced water being released to sea. The technologies are suitable for different produced water compositions. The components in the produced water that contribute to the environmental impact are mainly: aliphatic hydrocarbons, heavy aromatic compounds (PAH), alkylated phenols and man added production chemicals. At several Statoil operated fields the corrosion inhibitor and H2S scavenger are giving a significant contribution. Several new technologies will be described. Statoil has had a leading role and actively participated in the development and qualification of most of these technologies. The results from this work will be presented. The technologies will include the CTour process, Epcon CFU, droplet coalescing technologies as well as new technologies to reduce discharge of production chemicals. The main conclusion is that knowledge is needed about which compounds contribute to the environmental impact of produced water before deciding which technology to use.
On the Design of Modulo Arithmetic Units Based on Cyclic Groups (1976)

Many of the modulo arithmetics can be considered as cyclic groups. A generalized method for implementing the cyclic groups is established based on a decomposed mapping approach. In order to obtain efficient implementation of cyclic groups, certain mapping relations and a proper binary encoding method are investigated. Furthermore, a new class of code, called the circulative code, is developed, and two methods for generating such a code are presented. Various modulo arithmetic units can then be easily designed through a unique formula and can also be machine implemented. The modulo arithmetic units using this design approach are usually simpler than those conventional ones.
Modeling a hospital queueing network (2016)

Abstract- Healthcare systems differ intrinsically from manufac-turing systems. As such, they require a distinct modeling ap-proach. In this article, we show how to construct a queueing net-work of a general class of healthcare systems. In order to analyze such networks, we use the parametric decomposition approach. Us-ing this approach the network is decomposed into a set of single queueing systems which can be analyzed separately. Afterwards, results of these single queueing systems can be aggregated and gen-eral performance measures of the queueing network are obtained. In addition, we develop new expressions to assess the impact of ser-vice outages and use the queueing network to approximate patient flow times and to evaluate a number of practical applications. 1
Distributed multimedia information handling and processing (1990)

Requirements for distributed processing of multimedia information are summarized and compared with the latest efforts in standardization. An approach to a communication model that can be viewed as a special form of a model for open distributed applications is outlined. The functions of a system for the handling of multimedia information and a functional model approach, including a supporting environment, are considered. Synchronization aspects of isochronous and anisochronous communication are also outlined. The model is still under development. Detailed work needs to be done in the areas of formal specification of abstract services and modeling of communication protocols.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Analysis and Design of Radome in Millimeter Wave Band (2010)

As the development of millimeter wave technology, the millimeter wave antenna-radome systems have been used more and more popular. In this chapter, we mainly concentrate on the methods for radome analysis and design. The general AI-SI method is modified to
Kinetics of Individual Crocetin Ester Degradation in Aqueous Extracts of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) upon Thermal Treatment in the Dark (2008)

Kinetics of individual crocetin ester degradation in aqueous extracts of saffron upon thermal treatment in the dark has been studied. Special attention has been paid to the comparison between saffron extracts and aqueous solutions of a crocetin ester rich fraction, with a lower stability of the latter observed. The degradation reaction was the same for all crocetin esters whether they were in saffron extracts or whether they were purified, although it was affected by external factors that modified their kinetic and thermodynamic parameters, making some of them less stable than others.
Integrated circuits immunity evaluation by different test procedures (2003)

In this paper some methods to perform integrated circuit (IC) susceptibility tests are described. The Work Bench Faraday Cage method allows the measurements of small PCBs or ICs immunity to common mode conducted RF interference, while the direct injection method makes possible the evaluation of IC immunity to differential mode disturbance. The evaluation of ICs susceptibility to electromagnetic radiated field can be performed by the TEM cell method. Test benches related with methods summarized in this paper, were realized and used in order to verify experimentally the immunity of a microcontroller IC. In this work the different measurement procedures are compared and the test benches weak points are highlighted.
Enantioselective Synthesis of (2<i>S</i>,3<i>R</i>)-3-Hydroxy-3-methylproline, A Novel Amino Acid Found in Polyoxypeptins (2002)

The enantioselective synthesis of (2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-3-methylproline (3) was achieved by the Sharpless AD, regioselective opening of cyclic sulfate by NaN(3) and intramolecular ring-closing reaction. The reported route has the advantage of a high overall yield and good enantiomeric purity, as well as starting from readily available chemical substrates and inexpensive reagents.
Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of a protein from apricot fruit (Accession nø U82760) homologous to LEC14B protein isolated from Lithospermum. Gene expression during fruit ripening (1997)

url=http://www.tarweed.com/pgr/PGR97-161.html
The predictive effect of body mass index on type 2 diabetes in the Norwegian women and cancer study (2014)

The predictive effect of BMI was found to be stronger for T2D incidence than T2D prevalence.
Probing the degradation and homogeneity of embedded perovskite semiconducting layers in photovoltaic devices by Raman spectroscopy (2017)

The key challenges for perovskite solar cells include their poor stability and film homogeneity. Studying the degradation and homogeneity of perovskite layers within device structures can be challenging but critical to the understanding of stability and effect of processing in real life conditions. We show that Raman spectroscopy (RS) is a unique and powerful method (simple and fast) to probe the degradation of the perovskite film within the device structure and image perovskite formation. We demonstrate that RS can be used to directly probe chemical (PbI<sub>2</sub>) and physical (dihydrated phase) degradation of a perovskite film, and estimate the relative amount of the degradation species formed, mapping its distribution with ∼1 μm spatial resolution. This has been applied to mapping a large area perovskite module to characterise the efficacy of PbI<sub>2</sub> to perovskite conversion. We also use RS to study the degradation species and kinetics under diverse accelerated degradation conditions (temperature and humidity) in situ. These capabilities are difficult to achieve with other methods, presenting RS as an important tool to gain understanding of the degradation and effect of processing on perovskite-based photovoltaic devices.
A novelty optical filter with multilayer coating of ZnO-CdTe (1994)

A ZnO-CdTe thin film multilayer structure was shown to attenuate the transmitted light as function of incident light intensity. Sample transmittance measurements suggest that it is the charge separation of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs that contributed to the enhancement of light scattering.
Patent Expiration, Entry, and Competition in the U.S. Pharmaceutical Industry (1991)

THE ETHICAL PHARMACEUTICAL industry is an important one, not so much for its economic size as for the benefits that it delivers to users of its products.The industry has been transformed structurally since the 1940s from a producer of selected chemicals to a research-oriented sector that makes a major contribution to the technology of health care.I Its very success in generating a stream of new drugs with important therapeutic benefits has involved the industry in intense public policy debates over the financing of the cost of its research, the veracity of claims for its products, the prices charged for them (not to mention who pays those charges), and the socially optimal degree of patent protection.The policies and policy debates bearing on competition in the pharmaceutical industry revolve around two interrelated issues of welfare economics.The first is the trade-off between promoting innovative effort and securing competitive market outcomes.The research-oriented We would like to thank Joshua Angrist, Zvi Griliches, Andrea Shepard,
Isolation and identification of ecdysteroid phosphates and acetylecdysteroid phosphates from developing eggs of the locust, <i>Schistocerca gregaria</i> (1984)

Maturing eggs of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, contain a variety of ecdysteroid (insect moulting hormone) conjugates and metabolites, four of which have been previously isolated from polar extracts and identified as ecdysonoic acid, 20-hydroxyecdysonoic acid, 3-acetylecdysone 2-phosphate and ecdysone 2-phosphate. In the present study we have isolated eight additional ecdysteroids from similar late-stage eggs by high-performance liquid chromatography. The 22-phosphate esters of ecdysone, 2-deoxyecdysone, 20-hydroxyecdysone and 2-deoxy-20-hydroxyecdysone, all of which were first identified as ecdysteroid components of newly-laid eggs of S. gregaria, were identified by co-chromatography with authentic compounds and by physicochemical techniques. The remaining compounds were identified as 3-acetyl-20-hydroxyecdysone 2-phosphate, 3-epi-2-deoxyecdysone 3-phosphate, 3-acetylecdysone 22-phosphate and 2-acetylecdysone 22-phosphate by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, p.m.r. spectroscopy and analysis of the steroid moieties after enzymic hydrolysis. The latter two compounds, after isolation, are susceptible to nonenzymic acetyl migration and deacetylation to give mixtures of ecdysone 22-phosphate and its 2- and 3-acetate derivatives. The possible role and significance of these ecdysteroid conjugates with respect to the control of hormone titres in insect eggs is discussed.
[The value of immunofluorescence on frozen sections and immunoperoxidase methods on paraffin sections with different types of glomerulonephritis comparative study]. (1989)

171 kidney biopsies were tested with the peroxidase- antiperoxidase (PAP)-method on paraffin sections. A comparison of the PAP-results with corresponding ones for the immunofluorescence method (IMF) on frozen sections was possible in 131 of the biopsies. When results of the 2 techniques were compared, outcomes showed a very strong accordance for both methods in tissues of postinfectious and perimembraneous GN an a strong accordance in mesangioproliferative GN tissue. In membrano-proliferative GN the immunopathological findings were more readily delinated with the PAP-method than with IMF. Cases involving IgA-nephritis, focal sclerosis and lupus nephritis with smaller deposits did not show consistant reactivity in the PAP-method as compared with IMF. 40 kidney biopsies, not examined by IMF, were diagnosed as GN by light microscopy and could be shown in 29 cases to contain evidence of an immune pathogenesis with the PAP-method.
Leber's congenital amaurosis--a new syndrome with a cardiomyopathy. (1989)

Seven members of four families had nystagmus noted by 4 months of age, poor vision, photophobia, and a markedly reduced or absent electroretinogram. Six of these patients had a life threatening episode of cardiac failure in infancy. There were also two neonatal deaths, and one of the affected children died at 2 years and one at 19 years. The five surviving children are well, remain with nystagmus, and have visual acuities of less than 6/60, with the eldest two having lost perception of light. They have a short obese habitus distinct from that of their unaffected siblings and parents.
Algunas notas sobre la simulación en nuestro Código Civil (1988)

No contiene resumen