gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of a specific inhibitor for DNA ligase I in human cells. (1992)

A protein inhibitor for human DNA ligase I has recently been identified. It was copurified with a fraction of the enzymes from HeLa cells through several steps of chromatography. The inhibitor was first identified by the absence of ligation activity of the associated enzyme, while it retained the ability to form the ligase-[32P]AMP adducts. The inhibitor was eluted as a single peak at approximately 0.25-0.30 M NaCl from a Mono S column. It inhibited the ligation of both double-stranded and single-stranded breaks by purified DNA ligase I but not by T4 DNA ligase and DNA ligase II. Subsequent gel-filtration chromatography indicated that this inhibitor, with a molecular mass of 55-75 kDa, could form a complex with DNA ligase I and inhibited the DNA ligation activity. Rechromatography of the ligase I-inhibitor complex in high-salt conditions resulted in the dissociation of the complex and the restoration of enzyme activity, indicating that the physical interaction of inhibitor with DNA ligase I is one of the mechanisms of inhibition. These data indicate that this protein inhibitor for DNA ligase I may play a specific role in regulating DNA ligation during replication, repair, or recombination.
A model of the interaction of a fluid with multiple deformable bodies (1998)

A numerical model of the interaction between a slightly compressible liquid and multiple deformable solids is presented. It is the extension of a similar model in which one deformable solid could be modeled. The fluid is modeled using a stabilized space-time formulation of the governing equations, the solids are modeled as linearly elastic, and a mesh moving scheme is used to update the fluid mesh during each time step. A two-dimensional (2-D) version and a threedimensional (3-D) version of the model are discussed. The 2-D version is implemented on a CRAY T90. The 3-D version is run on a CRAY T3E, using the message passing interface for the interprocessor communication. The test problem used in this report involves the vibration of a flat, circular plate in contact with a liquid on one side. Two different sets of boundary conditions for the plate are used. Cases involving one plate and two plates are studied, demonstrating the accuracy of the multiple-solid model.
Scirpus validus and S. acutus: A Question of Distinctness (1972)

An analysis of 32 populations of bulrushes in the Scirpus validus-acutus complex growing in Itasca State Park and prairie ponds to the west indicates that most of the populations are referable to neither S. validus nor S. acutus but, rather, are intermediate in morphology. Further, the supposedly characteristic features by which the two nomenclatural species have been identified are erratically correlated.
Air Leaking Through the Mouth During Nocturnal Nasal Ventilation: Effect on Sleep Quality (1997)

Air leaking through the mouth has been reported in kyphoscoliotic patients receiving nasal ventilation via volume-limited ventilators. This study accessed the frequency of occurrence and effect on sleep quality of air leaking through the mouth during nocturnal nasal ventilation in patients with chest wall and neuromuscular disease using pressure-limited ventilation. Overnight and daytime polysomnography was performed in six stable experienced users of nocturnal nasal noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV) who had chronic respiratory failure due to neuromuscular disease or chest wall deformity. All patients used the BiPAP S/T-D ventilatory support system (Respironics, Inc., Murrysville, PA). Measures included sleep scoring, leak quantitation, diaphragm and submental electromyograms (EMGs), and tidal and leak volumes. All patients had air leaking through the mouth for the majority of sleep. Sleep quality was diminished because of poor sleep efficiency and reduced percentages of slow-wave and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Air leaking through the mouth was associated with frequent arousals during stages 1 and 2 and REM sleep that contributed to sleep fragmentation, but arousals were infrequent during slow-wave sleep. Despite prevalent leaking, oxygenation was well maintained in all but one patient. Patients used a-combination of passive and active mechanisms to control air leaking. Although nasal ventilation improves nocturnal hypoventilation and symptoms in patients with restrictive thoracic disorders, air leaking through the mouth is very common during use. The leaking is associated with frequent arousals during lighter stages of sleep that interfere with progression to deeper stages, compromising sleep quality. Portable pressure-limited ventilators compensate for leaks, maintaining ventilation and oxygenation, but further studies are needed to determine which interfaces and ventilator techniques best control air leaking and optimize sleep quality.
Ultra-long phase-sensitive OTDR with hybrid distributed amplification (2014)

A phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) with 175 km sensing range and 25 m spatial resolution is demonstrated, using the combination of co-pumping second-order Raman amplification based on random fiber lasing, counter-pumping first-order Raman amplification, and counter-pumping Brillouin amplification. With elaborate arrangements, each pumping scheme is responsible for the signal amplification in one particular segment of all three. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that distributed vibration sensing is realized over such a long distance without inserting repeaters. The novel hybrid amplification scheme in this work can also be incorporated in other fiber-optic sensing systems for extension of sensing distance.
VISUAL AND IMAGE SYSTEM MEASUREMENT OF SPRAY DEPOSITS USING WATERâSENSITIVE PAPER (2003)

Watersensitive papers (WSP) were attached to leaves in nursery trees and sprayed with airblast sprayers.Deposit patterns on the WSP were rated visually for coverage, from 0 (no spots) to 10 (completely blue). Visual counts of spotdensity (spots/cm2) were made for cards representing coverage ratings from 1 to 6. WSPs were analyzed with an imagingsystem; several spot size parameters, number of spots, and area coverage percentage were measured. Visual ratings of 6, 7,and 8 had considerable variability in area coverage percentage. Sample WSPs with visual coverage ratings of 3, 5, 6, and8 and minimum, median, and maximum coverage percentages are presented. Visually measured spot density was greater thanimagesystem measured spot density for all rating numbers, especially for higher spot densities. Spot density began todecrease at visual rating numbers greater than 7.
Ent-Kaurane Diterpenoids from Isodon rubescens var. rubescens (2004)

Five new ent-kaurane diterpenoids xindongnins H-L (1-5), together with five known ones, xindongnins A and B (6, 7), melissoidesins G (8), dawoensin A (9), and glabcensin V (10) were isolated from Isodon rubescens var. rubescens. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including extensive 2D NMR techniques.
Advances in Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics (2000)

Large differences among normal human subjects in the efficacy and safety of many therapeutic agents are caused by genetically controlled polymorphisms of drug-metabolizing enzymes, drug transporters, and drug receptors. Development of pharmacogenomics as a new field has accelerated progress in pharmacogenetics by elucidating at the level of the human genome the inherited basis for those large interindividual variations. Examples discussed in this review illustrate how this approach can be used not only to guide new drug discovery but also to individualize therapy. Adverse drug reactions, often attributable to large differences among subjects in drug response, constitute a leading cause of death in the USA. Such high morbidity and mortality could be reduced by application of the principles of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics, defined broadly as the study of genetically caused variability in drug response.
The sorption of hydrogen and deuterium by copper and palladium I-The behaviour of copper and copper oxides (1935)

Abstract The investigation of homogeneous reactions of deuterium and of deuterides has shown that the heavy isotopic molecules react in general less readily than the light, owing to the greater energy of activation required in the deuterium reactions. This result is qualitatively in accordance with theoretical expectations, the reason for the difference being mainly due to the larger zero point energy of the hydrogen compounds. Quantitative analysis of reactions whose mechanism is well established has, however, shown that the ratio of the velocities is often considerably less than that expected if all the zero point energy is con­tributed to the energy pool in the activating collision. The smaIler ratio of velocity is due to the fact that the zero point energy of the activated state cannot be neglected, the difference for H and for D re­action often being considerable. For example, in the reaction Br + H2 → HBr [DBr] + H [D] the difference in the energy of activation is 1·50 kg cal, and therefore the difference in zero point energies in the activated state is 0·3 kg cal; similarly for Cl + H2 (D2) → HCI (DCI) + H (D) the respective figures are 1·23 and 0·55 kg cal, while for the reaction H + H2 (para) = H2 (ortho) + H and D + D2 (ortho) = D2 (para) + D, the difference in the activated state is no less than 1·20 kg cal. The position with regard to heterogeneous reactions of hydrogen is much less satisfactory and therefore any further means of obtaining information in tin branch of kinetics is of value. Deuterium at first sight promised to be a useful tool in helping to discriminate between various hypotheses. Unfortunately, it is difficult to predict theoretically exactly what will happen in any well-defined instance even with a complete experimental knowledge of the mechanism of the reaction. The state of affairs is analogous to that obtaining with homogeneous reactions, it being necessary to determine experimentally the behaviour of the two isotopes in a variety of heterogeneous processes.
Treatment of hot flushes in breast and prostate cancer (2005)

Hot flushes, the most common health problem reported by menopausal-age women, can lead to significant morbidity and affect the social life, ability to work and sleep pattern of the sufferer. Women treated for breast cancer and men receiving androgen ablation for prostate cancer experience hot flushes that are more frequent, severe and longer lasting than those experienced by the general menopausal population. In women with breast cancer, hot flushes can result from chemotherapy-induced menopause, hormonal therapy, or ovarian suppression. In men with prostate cancer, hot flushes occur after surgical or medical castration. Hormone replacement therapy with oestrogen-based compounds has been a mainstay of treatment for hot flushes during the perimenopausal period. However, recent studies have shown that, in healthy menopausal women, hormone replacement therapy is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, myocardial infarction, thrombo-embolic events and stroke. Thus, identifying nonhormonal agents that can control hot-flush symptoms is essential to the quality of life of a growing population of cancer survivors. The most promising agents act on the CNS and include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, as well as venlafaxine and gabapentin.
Depressive Symptoms, Health Promotion, and Health Risk Behaviors (2000)

Individuals with histories of depressive symptoms engage in more positive and negative health behaviors. Additionally, their increased service use provides opportunities to achieve positive health changes and improve treatment outcomes.
Growth of hexagonal GaN on Si(111) coated with a thin flat SiC buffer layer (2000)

Hexagonal GaN films were grown on Si(111) covered with a thin flat SiC buffer layer under both N- and Ga-rich growth conditions. A flat 2.5-nm-thick SiC layer was an effective buffer layer for GaN growth. The growth mode and microstructure of GaN depended strongly on the Ga/N flux ratios. Under N-rich growth conditions, the growth mode was three dimensional; GaN showed statistical roughening of the surface and a characteristic columnar structure. Under Ga-rich conditions, the GaN growth mode was two dimensional; GaN films with a flat surface and an almost stacking-fault-free microstructure were obtained. The two-dimensional growth mode was facilitated by strong wetting between Ga and SiC(111) at the first Ga-layer deposition on SiC.
Comparación de la efectividad de la dosis única frente a la dosis triple de cefazolina como proilaxis antibiótica en cesáreas (2014)

OBJETIVODescribir la dinámica epidemiológica de las hospitalizaciones por enfermedad obstructiva crónica (EPOC) en un hospital militar.MATERIAL Y MÉTODOEstudio observacional retrospectivo de las hospitalizaciones por EPOC en un Hospital Militar nivel III-1 de Lima-Perú. El periodo analizado fue desde enero de 1991 a diciembre de 2013. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el software de STATA V12.1 y ms Excel 2013.RESULTADOSSe registraron 1350 egresos con EPOC lo que representa el 1.14% del total de egresos IC95% (0.10% - 1.20%); el 58.15% de los pacientes pertenecían al sexo masculino (p=0.001), el promedio de edad fue de 74 años IC95% (73 - 75 años), (P=0.001), el promedio de estancia hospitalaria fue de 11.3 días IC95% (10.6 - 11.9 días), (P=0.001). En relación al tipo de pacientes según su condición en el hospital, el 31.41% fueron pacientes militares (424/1350) y representaron el 1.32% de todas las hospitalizaciones en esta población. La letalidad por EPOC fue 3.93% IC95% (2.95% - 5.10%) siendo superior a nuestra tasa de mortalidad hospitalaria por todas las causas (2.81%) siendo estadísticamente significativo (p=0.012) odds ratio (OR) 1.4 IC95% (1.05 - 1.87).CONCLUSIONESEl perfil epidemiológico de las hospitalizaciones por EPOC en nuestro hospital es la de un paciente del sexo varón con un promedio de edad superior a los 65 años, quién permanecerá en promedio 11 días hospitalizados y donde el 3.93% de los mismo fallecerá en dicha proceso de hospitalización. Observamos también que existe una laguna del conocimiento sobre la Epidemiologia hospitalaria del EPOC en nuestro país; nuestro estudio contribuirá a la generación de este conocimiento. (Horiz Med 2014; 14(3): 33-36)
Russian VX: Inhibition and Reactivation of Acetylcholinesterase Compared with VX Agent (2006)

Organophosphorus compounds such as nerve agents inhibit, practically irreversibly, cholinesterases by their phosphorylation in the active site of these enzymes. Current antidotal treatment used in the case of acute nerve agent intoxications consists of combined administration of anticholinergic drug (usually atropine) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) reactivator (HI-6, obidoxime, pralidoxime), which from a chemical view is a derivative from the group of pyridinium or bispyridinium aldoximes (commonly called "oxime"). Oximes counteract acetylcholine increase, resulting from AChE inhibition. In the human body environment these compounds are powerful nucleophiles and are able to break down the bond between AChE and nerve agent molecule. This process leads to renewal of enzyme functionality -- to its reactivation. The usefulness of oxime in the reactivation process depends on its chemical structure and on the nerve agent whereby AChE is inhibited. Due to this fact, selection of suitable reactivator in the treatment of intoxications is very important. In our work, we have compared differences in the in vitro inhibition potency of VX and Russian VX on rat, pig and human brain, and subsequently we have tested reactivation of rat brain cholinesterase inhibited by these agents using oxime HI-6, obidoxime, pralidoxime, trimedoxime and methoxime. The results showed that no major differences in the reactivation process of both VX and Russian VX-inhibited cholinesterase. The similarity in reactivation was caused by analogous chemical structure of either nerve agent; and that oxime HI-6 seems to be the most effective reactivator tested, which confirms that HI-6 is currently the most potent reactivator of AChE inhibited by nerve agents. The results obtained in our study should be considered in the future development of new AChE reactivators.
MRI findings of cyclops lesions of the knee (2012)

Cyclops lesions develop in the anterior aspect of the intercondylar notch typically after anterior cruciate ligament\n(ACL) reconstruction or injury. It is a lesion consisting of fibrous tissue with or without cartilage and bony components.\nA cyclops lesion is one of the causes for reduced extension and, in the cases reported here, also knee pain\nor discomfort after ACL reconstruction. We present the MRI features, particularly the features on proton density\nweighted turbo spin echo (PDW TSE) and proton density weighted turbo spin echo fat saturation (PDW TSE FS)\nsequences of four cases of cyclops lesions, and distinguish between the MRI findings of large and small lesions. We\nalso describe a cyclops lesion after a posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, not described in literature before.
A Decision-Error-Tolerant 45 nm CMOS 7b 1 GS/s Nonbinary 2b/Cycle SAR ADC (2014)

A compact decision-error-tolerant 2b/cycle SAR ADC architecture is presented. Two DACs with different designated functions, SIG-DAC and REF-DAC, are implemented to make the structure compact and to eliminate the sampling skew issue. Use of a nonbinary decision scheme with decision redundancies not only increases the ADC speed with a relaxed DAC settling requirement but also makes the performance robust to reference fluctuations and comparator offset variations. The proposed dynamic register and direct DAC control scheme enhance the conversion speed by minimizing logic delay in the SAR decision loop. The proposed comparator-error detection with digital error correction scheme enhances high-speed ADC performance. A prototype 7b ADC fabricated in a 45 nm CMOS process operates at a sampling rate of 1 GS/s under a 1.25 V supply while achieving a peak SNDR of 41.6 dB and maintaining an ENOB higher than 6 up to 1.3 GHz signal frequency. The FoM under a 1.25 V supply is an 80 fJ/conversion-step with a power consumption of 7.2 mW.
Protective effect of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats. (1998)

The protective effect of tumeric extract (TE) in diet on CCl4-treated rats was studied. Rats were divided into 5 groups: (1) untreated, (2) CCl4 treated, (3) pre-TE for 2 weeks followed by CCl4, (4) TE + CCl4 given concurrently and (5) 5% TE as positive control. The serum levels of bilirubin, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, (AST), alanine amino transferase (AST), (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase were estimated after 1, 2 and 3 months. CCl4 caused a maximum increase (2-3-fold in all the above parameters. As compared to CCl4 group, a short pre-treatment of TE showed reduction in cholesterol, bilirubin, AST, ALT and alkaline phosphatase activity whereas concurrent treatment of TE + CCl4 reduced to a greater extent the levels of all parameters except ALT. To conclude, concurrent treatment of TE gave significant protection against CCl4 though the values did not reach the normal levels.
Error-resilient transcoding using adaptive intra refresh for video streaming (2004)

Transmitting video data over wireless networks can be very unreliable due to packet loss, leading to serious video quality degradation which is annoying to human perception. The error due to lost packets not only affects the quality of current frame, but also propagates to subsequent frames due to the motion compensation technique used in standard video codecs. Adding error-resilience to video bitstream for robust video delivery to users thus becomes a very important issue. In this work, we propose a two-pass transcoding scheme for enhancing the capability of error-resilience in the media gateway of a three-tier streaming system. The transcoder can adapt intra-refresh rate according to a channel's packet loss rate, hence protect the most important MBs subjected to packet loss. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively mitigate the error propagation due to packet loss and improve the video quality significantly.
Introduction (2001)

Abstract This introductory chapter presents an overview of macro-level influences on health. Topics discussed include birth, life, death, and the environment; historical perspective; basic requirements of a healthy environment; measuring environmental quality, human exposure, and health impact; patterns of illness throughout the world; impact of environmental factors on health; obstacles to and opportunities for resolving environmental health problems; and the role of the environmental health professional.
Isolation of Sexual Strains of Chlamydomonas (1951)

Summary: The zygospores of several species of Chlamydomonas present in dry soil are very resistant to dehydrating agents. Based on this resistance a method for the isolation of sexual strains has been developed, and two homothallic and three heterothallic species of Chlamydomonas have been obtained in pure culture.
Chemistry and Biological Activities of Flavonoids: An Overview (2013)

There has been increasing interest in the research on flavonoids from plant sources because of their versatile health benefits reported in various epidemiological studies. Since flavonoids are directly associated with human dietary ingredients and health, there is need to evaluate structure and function relationship. The bioavailability, metabolism, and biological activity of flavonoids depend upon the configuration, total number of hydroxyl groups, and substitution of functional groups about their nuclear structure. Fruits and vegetables are the main dietary sources of flavonoids for humans, along with tea and wine. Most recent researches have focused on the health aspects of flavonoids for humans. Many flavonoids are shown to have antioxidative activity, free radical scavenging capacity, coronary heart disease prevention, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities, while some flavonoids exhibit potential antiviral activities. In plant systems, flavonoids help in combating oxidative stress and act as growth regulators. For pharmaceutical purposes cost-effective bulk production of different types of flavonoids has been made possible with the help of microbial biotechnology. This review highlights the structural features of flavonoids, their beneficial roles in human health, and significance in plants as well as their microbial production.
Pressing Flex and Rigid‐flex in a Vacuum Press (1987)

The vacuum press when used for lamination of flex and rigid‐flex printed wiring boards produces boards which exhibit better dimensional stability and better fill characteristics at lower pressures than when a conventional hydraulic platen press is used. This paper presents how lamination with a vacuum press differs from lamination with a hydraulic press and what results can be achieved with this new type of equipment technology.