gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High speed data bus design validation (2002)

The SAE Linear Implementation Task Group has developed the SAE Linear Token Passing Multiplex Data Bus Standard (AS4074.1). A validation plan which will define the test requirements for determining that an implementation of the standard meets the requirements of SAE AS4074.1 is discussed. Once completed, the test requirements contained in this plan will be executed on bus interface units (BIUs) for validation purposes. The author describes the use of a validation model that incorporates many of the capabilities of the validation test plan. This model can also be thought of as a VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language) behavioral representation of the SAE Linear Token Passing Multiplex Data Bus Standard. It is tightly coupled to the standard and provides a model that can be used during the BIU development to validate the design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Doubled lifespan and patient‐like pathologies in progeria mice fed high‐fat diet (2018)

Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is a devastating premature aging disease. Mouse models have been instrumental for understanding HGPS mechanisms and for testing therapies, which to date have had only marginal benefits in mice and patients. Barriers to developing effective therapies include the unknown etiology of progeria mice early death, seemingly unrelated to the reported atherosclerosis contributing to HGPS patient mortality, and mice not recapitulating the severity of human disease. Here, we show that progeria mice die from starvation and cachexia. Switching progeria mice approaching death from regular diet to high-fat diet (HFD) rescues early lethality and ameliorates morbidity. Critically, feeding the mice only HFD delays aging and nearly doubles lifespan, which is the greatest lifespan extension recorded in progeria mice. The extended lifespan allows for progeria mice to develop degenerative aging pathologies of a severity that emulates the human disease. We propose that starvation and cachexia greatly influence progeria phenotypes and that nutritional/nutraceutical strategies might help modulate disease progression. Importantly, progeria mice on HFD provide a more clinically relevant animal model to study mechanisms of HGPS pathology and to test therapies.
α-SUBSTITUTED PHOSPHONATES 68.<sup>1</sup>α-AMINOPHOSPHONATES AND PHOSPHONO-SUBSTITUTED HETEROCYCLES FROM DIETHYL [2,2,2-TRICHLORO-1-ISOCYANATO-ETHYL]PHOSPHONATE (1993)

Abstract The easily accessible [2,2,2-trichloro-1-isocyanato-ethyl]phosphonate 1 reacts with aliphatic or aromatic amines to give the ureas 2,8. The reaction of these ureas with morpholine has been studied. Quite different reaction products have been isolated or observed depending on reaction time and the amine used for the urea formation. Oxazoles 4,10 are obtained if the ureas 2,8 were prepared from 1 and aliphatic amines or secondary amines. Surprisingly, ureas derived from 1 and aromatic primary amines furnish mixtures of oxazoles 4, guanidines 5, and imidazoles 6 via ring opening—closure sequences which have not been known so far. However, the urca 2i prepared from o-hydroxyaniline gives heterocyclic substituted α-aminophosphonate 7. Under acidic conditions the oxazoles 4,10 are hydrolysed to α-aminophosphonates 11.
Progress on a cryogenic linear trap for /sup 199/Hg/sup +/ ions (2002)

We have observed linear "crystals" of up to tens of laser-cooled /sup 199/Hg/sup +/ ions in a new cryogenic linear rf ion trap that operates at liquid helium temperature and is designed for use as a prototype 40.5 GHz frequency standard with high accuracy and stability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Source level limits for submerged thermoacoustic sound sources (1989)

One application for thermoacoustic engines is the generation of sound underwater. In theory, the engine resonator could either be flooded with water and radiate directly into the surrounding water, or the resonator could be gas-filled. The radiation performance of a liquid-filled resonator (taken to be an open-ended tube) radiating into the same liquid is well known; however, the open end of a submerged, gas-filled tube is almost a velocity node, so a smaller fraction of the stored energy “leaks” out as radiation. For the same pressure amplitude in both the liquid-filled and gas-filled tubes, the particle speed is much higher in the gas-filled tube, and this more than compensates for the smaller transmission coefficient into the surrounding liquid. In either case, limits to the acoustic power output can be calculated from the resonator radiation efficiency and from the peculiar requirements of the thermoacoustic engine.
Finding duplicates in a data stream (2009)

Given a data stream of length n over an alphabet [m] where n > m, we consider the problem of finding a duplicate in a single pass. We give a randomized algorithm for this problem that uses O((log m)3) space. This answers a question of Muthukrishnan [Mut05] and Tarui [Tar07], who asked if this problem could be solved using sub-linear space and one pass over the input. Our algorithm solves the more general problem of finding a positive frequency element in a stream given by frequency updates where the sum of all frequencies is positive. Our main tool is an Isolation Lemma that reduces this problem to the task of detecting and identifying a Dictatorial variable in a Boolean halfspace. We present various relaxations of the condition n > m, under which one can find duplicates efficiently.
Mouse oligospheres: From pre‐progenitors to functional oligodendrocytes (1999)

To study the biology and repair capacities of mouse oligodendroglial cells, we established cultures of cells purified from neonatal wild-type and 9.6-kb MBP-LacZ transgenic newborn mice cerebral hemispheres as free-floating aggregates in the continuous presence of neurblastoma conditioned medium (N1-B104). In vitro analysis indicated that the initial cell preparations were enriched in oligodendrocyte pre-progenitors that expressed PSA-NCAM and GAP-43 but not GD3, O4, NF68 or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) markers. These pre-progenitors required increased concentrations of insulin and progesterone to allow their survival in vitro. With time in culture, spheres composed of oligodendrocyte pre-progenitors became oligospheres enriched in oligodendrocyte progenitors expressing GAP-43 and GD3. As well as conserving bipotentiality in vitro, these spheres were able to form myelin in vivo after transplantation into the neonatal shiverer mouse brain. Thus, the oligosphere strategy is a powerful method for generating large populations of mouse oligodendrocyte pre-progenitors and progenitors. The ability to generate oligospheres from transgenic mice will be instrumental in the further dissection of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of myelination and remyelination of the central nervous system. J. Neurosci. Res. 58:735–751, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Changes in protein association with intracellular membranes of<i>Xenopus laevis</i>oocytes during maturation and activation (1993)

Intracellular membranes isolated from fully grown immature oocytes, mature oocytes (eggs) and activated eggs of Xenopus laevis were fractionated through a discontinuous sucrose density gradient into light, intermediate and heavy fractions. Electron microscopy showed that the light and intermediate fractions consisted mainly of smooth membranes, while the heavy fraction consisted mainly of rough membranes and mitochondria. Variations in the proteins associate with samples taken at different stages were observed by SDS-PAGE. The following differences were consistently observed: a 200 kDa protein was present only in the intermediate fraction of activated eggs, 29 and 44 kDa proteins were present only in the intermediate fractions of immature oocytes and activated eggs, and 120 and 145 kDa proteins were present only in the heavy fractions of mature oocytes and activated eggs. Examination of Western blots showed that cyclins A and B2 did not associate with membrane fractions at any stage of meiosis. Instead, cyclin A was present in the cytosols of mature oocytes and cyclin B2 was present in the cytosols of immature and mature oocytes. c-mos protein was detected in the cytosols and occasionally in the light fractions of mature oocytes and activated eggs. While alpha- and beta-tubulins were detected in the light and intermediate fractions at all the stages of meiosis examined, only beta-tubulin was present in the heavy fraction. beta-tubulin present in the heavy fraction was detected only at interphase, i.e. in immature oocytes and activated eggs, and not in mature oocytes. Using immunogold labelling we confirmed these results and found evidence to suggest that beta-tubulin associates with the rough endoplasmic reticulum of interphase cells by a linking protein.
Chlorinated and brominated dioxins and dibenzofurans in human tissue following exposure. (1994)

With substantial improvements in analytic techniques over the past decade, it has become possible to measure polychlorinated dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in human tissue in a congener-specific fashion down to the low parts per trillion level. This paper reviews findings using these new techniques from a number of recent medical and environmental case studies. These studies include those of workers exposed to a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) transformer fire in the United States, German chemical workers exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) while cleaning up after an explosion, workers at a municipal incinerator in New York City, a chemist exposed to brominated and chlorinated dioxins, U.S. veterans and also Vietnamese civilians exposed to Agent Orange contaminated with TCDD in Vietnam, and victims of the polychlorinated dibenzofuran and PCB contaminated rice oil (Yusho) incident in Japan.
Antagonism of Lactic Acid Bacteria against Phytopathogenic Bacteria (1986)

A variety of lactic acid bacteria, isolated from plant surfaces and plant-associated products, were found to be antagonistic to test strains of the phytopathogens Xanthomonas campestris, Erwinia carotovora, and Pseudomonas syringae. Effective "in vitro" inhibition was found both on agar plates and in broth cultures. In pot trials, treatment of bean plants with a Lactobacillus plantarum strain before inoculation with P. syringae caused a significant reduction of the disease incidence.
RAYTHEON STIRLING∕PULSE TUBE CRYOCOOLER DEVELOPMENT (2008)

The first generation flight-design Stirling/pulse tube “hybrid” two-stage cryocooler has entered initial performance and environmental testing. The status and early results of the testing are presented. Numerous improvements have been implemented as compared to the preceding brassboard versions to improve performance, extend life, and enhance launch survivability. This has largely been accomplished by incorporating successful flight-design features from the Raytheon Stirling one-stage cryocooler product line. These design improvements are described. In parallel with these mechanical cryocooler development efforts, a third generation electronics module is being developed that will support hybrid Stirling/pulse tube and Stirling cryocoolers. Improvements relative to the second generation design relate to improved radiation hardness, reduced parts count, and improved vibration cancellation capability. Progress on the electronics is also presented.
The metallome of the human placenta in gestational diabetes mellitus (2015)

Obtaining the knowledge of the "omics" and therefore of the metallomics of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) appears to be a necessary task to obtain information about the molecular causes of this disease. In this study, the metallome of GDM and of other types of diabetes mellitus was first reviewed. The comparative analysis of the published data revealed that no GDM elemental markers could be identified with sufficient reliability in blood or in the other considered samples, with the partial exception of selenium. The placenta was chosen as an alternative target organ for the analysis of the GDM metallome. The full elemental average composition of 19 healthy placentas was obtained by ICP-MS. Analyses were then performed on 28 placentas from women affected by GDM. The statistical tests and the principal component analysis evidenced that cadmium was found in lower concentrations and selenium was found in higher concentrations in GDM placentas than in those of the control group. These results were interpreted in light of literature data, and they attract attention on two key elements for understanding the molecular pathways of GDM.
Predicting response to breast cancer neoadjuvant chemotherapy using diffuse optical spectroscopy (2007)

Diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) and imaging are emerging diagnostic techniques that quantitatively measure the concentration of deoxy-hemoglobin (ctHHb), oxy-hemoglobin (ctO(2)Hb), water (ctH(2)O), and lipid in cm-thick tissues. In early-stage clinical studies, diffuse optical imaging and DOS have been used to characterize breast tumor biochemical composition and monitor therapeutic response in stage II/III neoadjuvant chemotherapy patients. We investigated whether DOS measurements obtained before and 1 week into a 3-month adriamycin/cytoxan neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen can predict final, postsurgical pathological response. Baseline DOS measurements of 11 patients before therapy revealed significant increases in tumor ctHHb, ctO(2)Hb, ctH(2)O, and spectral scattering slope, and decreases in bulk lipids, relative to normal breast tissue. Tumor concentrations of ctHHb, ctO(2)Hb, and ctH(2)O dropped 27 +/- 15%, 33 +/- 7%, and 11 +/- 15%, respectively, within 1 week (6.5 +/- 1.4 days) of the first treatment for pathology-confirmed responders (n = 6), whereas nonresponders (n = 5) and normal side controls showed no significant changes in these parameters. The best single predictor of therapeutic response 1 week posttreatment was ctHHb (83% sensitivity, 100% specificity), while discrimination analysis based on combined ctHHb and ctH(2)O changes classified responders vs. nonresponders with 100% sensitivity and specificity. In addition, the pretreatment tumor-to-normal ctO(2)Hb ratio was significantly higher in responders (2.82 +/- 0.44) vs. nonresponders (1.82 +/- 0.49). These results highlight DOS sensitivity to tumor cellular metabolism and biochemical composition and demonstrate its potential for predicting and monitoring an individual's response to treatment.
Synthesis of a new binucleating ligand LH<sub>4</sub>: synthesis and X-ray structures of anti-[Co<sub>2</sub>(LH<sub>4</sub>)(OH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>](NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>·5H<sub>2</sub>O, anti-[Ni<sub>2</sub>(LH<sub>4</sub>)(NCMe)<sub>2</sub>](PF<sub>6</sub>)<sub>4</sub>·4H<sub>2</sub>O, anti-[Zn<sub>2</sub>(LH<sub>4</sub>)(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>](NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>and syn-[Cu<sub>2</sub>(LH<sub>2</sub>)](BPh<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> (1994)

The binuclear octahedral MII complexes [Co2(LH4)(H2O)2]4+, [Ni2(LH4)(NCMe)2]4+ and [Zn2(LH4)(NO3)2]2+, incorporating the new 10 coordinate pendant arm ligand LH4, all show an anti-configuration; in contrast the CuII complex [Cu2(LH2)]2+ adopts a syn-configuration incorporating intramolecular H-bonding.
Nonaxisymmetrical Fuselage Shape Modification for Drag Reduction of Low-Sonic-Boom Airplane (2003)

The effects of nonaxisymmetrical fuselage design for reducing the drag of a low-sonic-boom airplane are investigated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses and verified in wind-tunnel tests. The nonaxisymmetrical fuselage design, in which the upper side of a fuselage is designed for low drag whereas the lower side is designed for low sonic boom, is applied to the design of a Mach 1.7 scaled supersonic experimental airplane. The designed airplane is compared with a low-drag airplane and a low-sonic-boom airplane with an axisymmetrical fuselage
A prospective randomised comparison of two insertion methods for i‐gel <sup>™</sup> placement in anaesthetised paralysed patients: standard vs rotational technique (2014)

In this prospective randomised study, we compared two techniques for i-gel(™) insertion. One hundred and eighty-one anaesthetised, paralysed adult patients were randomly allocated into one of two groups. In the standard group (n = 91), the i-gel was inserted using the standard technique. In the rotation group (n = 90), the i-gel was rotated 90° anticlockwise in the mouth and re-rotated in the hypopharynx to the original alignment. The success rate, insertion time, air leak pressure and complications were assessed. The success rate for insertion at the first attempt was lower for the standard technique, 78 (86%) vs. 87 (97%; p = 0.016). The mean (SD) insertion time was longer (26.9 (14.5) s vs. 22.4 (10.2) s; p = 0.016) and air leak pressure was lower (22.5 (10.4) cm H2O vs. 27.1 (9.4) cm H2O; p = 0.002) in the standard group. The incidence of bloodstaining was higher with the standard technique (8 (9%) vs. 1 (1%); p = 0.034). This study suggests that the rotational technique is superior to the standard technique for i-gel insertion.
Photothermal stability of encapsulated silicon solar cells and encapsulation materials upon accelerated exposures. II (2002)

The authors studied the electrical and optical performance stability of crystalline silicon solar cells that were encapsulated with different types of EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) between a borosilicate glass superstrate and a glass or white TPT (Tedlar/polyester/Tedlar) substrate. Total internal light reflection from the white TPT layer enhanced the measured cell photocurrent by /spl sim/20.4% to 23.9% and the efficiency by /spl sim/17.4% to 20.8%, with a cell-to-sample area ratio of 23,3%. In comparison, the enhancements on the cell photocurrent were from /spl sim/5.0% to 7.0% when the cells were laminated between two borosilicate plates. The samples were exposed under to /spl sim/6.5 UV suns at 65/spl deg/C or heated in an oven at 105/spl deg/C and periodically characterized for electrical and optical losses. The results show that, when the samples were measured without black-masking over the non-cell areas, the cell efficiency decreased by /spl sim/0.3% to 8.9% and the fill factor changed by /spl sim/0% to 6.6% after 1133-h exposures. When the non-cell areas were masked, the measured cell efficiency losses became 4.1% to 9.0% and the fill factor losses from 0.5% to 5.2%, respectively. The electrical changes are irregular for the sample cells tested and are not proportional to the optical losses of EVA/TPT bi-layer. As an example, a cell's efficiency decreased by 8.9%, whereas is NREL-V11 EVA remained clear; and another cell lost 7.1% efficiency, whereas its slow-cure A9918 EVA browned with a 12.2% loss in integrated transmittance and an increase of 31.85 in yellowness index.
NEAR-FIELD OPTICAL VORTEXES AT NANOSTRUCTURED METALLIC FILMS (2007)

The scattering of linearly polarized monochromatic light by a small protrusion on a metal surface is analyzed within the framework of perturbation theory. It is shown that even at normal incidence of light slight deviations of the protrusion shape from a circularly symmetric one can lead to formation of optical vortexes in the near-field region. The effect is due to resonant excitation of cylindrical surface plasmon waves. This agrees with the fact that the in-plane near-field intensity distribution experimentally observed by scanning near-field optical microscopy has distinct spiral patterns near metallized nanostructured polymer substrates.
Specific Binding and Separation of Dinucleotides by Ferrocene-Modified Artificial Receptors (2001)

Die selektive Isolierung von Dinucleotiden aus Mischungen von Mono- und Oligonucleotiden ist in großem Maßstab möglich mit mehrfach wasserstoffverbrückten Komplexen des Typs 1. Diese bilden sich rasch aus einem künstlichen Rezeptor auf Ferrocenbasis (R=Alkanoyl) und einem Dinucleotid.
HTLV‐I‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with HTLV‐I‐associated neurological disease (1992)

Recently, it has been shown that in patients with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated neurological disease, high levels of HTLV-I-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) could be detected in the peripheral blood. These CTLs predominantly recognized products of the pX region of HTLV-I, had a CD8+ phenotype, and were human leukocyte class I restricted. Moreover, these responses were not detected in asymptomatic, HTLV-I-seropositive individuals. This implied a role for these CTLs in the pathogenesis of the neurological disorder associated with HTLV-I. We have extended these observations by demonstrating HTLV-I-specific CTLs directly from lymphocytes obtained from the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. Uncultured cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytes were used directly as effectors on a variety of targets expressing HTLV-I. These cells were lysed in a virus-specific and HLA class I-restricted manner. Moreover, the cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytes were sorted into purified CD8+ populations, cloned by limiting dilution, and assayed for CTL activity. An exceedingly high proportion of these resultant lines were shown to be cytolytic and precursor frequency analysis indicated that as many as 1 in 500 cells were HTLV-I-specific CTLs. The majority of these CTL lines recognized HTLV-I gene products encoded within the pX region of HTLV-I. The significance of these HTLV-I-specific CTLs in the central nervous system of patients with HTLV-I-associated neurological disease is discussed with regard to the potential role of CTLs in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Inhibition of malignant phenotypes of human osteosarcoma cells by a gene silencer, a pyrrole–imidazole polyamide, which targets an E‐box motif (2014)

Gene amplification and/or overexpression of the transcription factor c-MYC, which binds to the E-box sequence (5'-CACGTG-3'), has been observed in many human tumors. In this study, we have designed 5 pyrrole-imidazole (PI) polyamides recognizing E-box, and found that, among them, Myc-6 significantly suppresses malignant phenotypes of human osteosarcoma MG63 cells both in vitro and in vivo. Intriguingly, knockdown of the putative Myc-6 target MALAT1 encoding long noncoding RNA remarkably impaired cell growth of MG63 cells. Collectively, our present findings strongly suggest that Myc-6 exerts its tumor-suppressive ability at least in part through the specific down-regulation of MALAT1.
Africa / dibujo J.P. Morales, grabado Otto Neussel (1877)

En la parte superior aparece una alegoría sobre Africa en blanco y negro : imágenes de beduinos, camellos, el Valle de los Reyes y las Pirámides de Egipto, y en el centro Moisés salvado de las aguas. Un mapa en color de todo el continente africano
The tubular loop fermentor: Oxygen transfer, growth kinetics and design (1977)

Abstract Oxygen transfer measurements using a dynamic method and evaluated with an appropriate mathematical model have been made on a tubular loop bioreactor. Correlations of the type used in tank systems are used to describe the influence of power and aeration rate on the mass transfer coefficient. Yeast cultures grown on hydrocarbon and glucose substrates show growth characteristics similar to conventional tank results. Model considerations for large‐scale tubular fermentors allow for the prediction of the steady‐state oxygen profiles and maximum reactor length. Combination with two‐phase flow and oxygen transfer correlations yields a design procedure for commercial scale tubular loop fermentors.