gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A FRACTAL ANALYSIS OF PERMEABILITY FOR POWER-LAW FLUIDS IN POROUS MEDIA (2006)

A fractal analysis of permeability for power-law fluids in porous media is presented based on the fractal characters of pore size distributions and tortuous flow paths/streamlines in the media. The proposed permeability model for power-law fluids in porous media is expressed as a function of the fractal dimensions of pore size distributions and tortuous flow paths/streamlines, porosity and microstructural parameters, as well as power exponent, and there is no empirical constant in the proposed model and every parameter in the model has clear physical meaning. The results predicted by the present fractal permeability model show that the model predictions (as the power exponent is 1) are in agreement with the available experimental data, and the predicted permeabilities (as the power exponent is not equal to 1) increase with the power exponent, which is also consistent with the physical situation.
Reversible Fluorescent Probe for Highly Selective and Sensitive Detection of Mercapto Biomolecules (2011)

A coumarin-derived complex, Hg(2)L(2), was reported as a highly sensitive and selective probe for the detection of mercapto biomolecules in aqueous solution. The addition of Cys to a 99% aqueous solution of Hg(2)L(2) resulted in rapid and remarkable fluorescence OFF-ON (emission at 525 nm) due to the ligand-exchange reaction of Cys with L coordinated to Hg(2+). The increased fluorescence can be completely quenched by Hg(2+) and recovered again by the subsequent addition of Cys. Such a fluorescence OFF-ON circle can be repeated at least 10 times by the alterative addition of Cys and Hg(2+) to the solution of Hg(2)L(2), indicating that it can be used as a convertible and reversible probe for the detection of Cys. The interconversion of Hg(2)L(2) and L via the decomplexation/complexation by the modulation of Cys/Hg(2+) was definitely verified from their crystal structures. Other competitive amino acids without a thiol group cannot induce any fluorescence changes, implying that Hg(2)L(2) can selectively determine mercapto biomolecules. Using confocal fluorescence imaging, L/Hg(2)L(2) as a pair of reversible probes can be further applied to track and monitor the self-detoxification process of Hg(2+) ions in SYS5 cells.
High-Purity Crystalline Boron (1958)

Vapor phase reduction of boron trichloride with hydrogen on electrically heated filaments in flow systems was investigated as a potential method for the preparation of high‐purity boron. Experiments were conducted on laboratory and bench‐scale flow reactors. Conversion efficiency was a function of mole ratio of reactants, residence time, mass of deposit, and deposition temperature.
LSST (Hoop/Column) Maypole Antenna Development Program, phase 1, part 1 (1982)

Cable technology is discussed. Manufacturing flow and philosophy are considered. Acceptance, gratification and flight tests are discussed. Fifteen-meter and fifty-meter models are considered. An economic assessment is included.
Critical appraisal of canakinumab in the treatment of adults and children with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) (2010)

The cryopyrin-associated syndromes (CAPS) include three autosomal-dominant syndromes, that are caused by a mutation in the NLRP3 gene on chromosome 1, encoding the cryopyrin protein. These syndromes, familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome, Muckle-Wells syndrome and neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease, are characterized by urticaria-like rash, fever, central nervous system inflammation, an arthropathy and a risk of the development of amyloidosis in a respectively escalating degree of severity between the various syndromes. Recently the role of cryopyrin in the regulation of interleukin (IL)-1 production and activation was described and anti IL-1 therapies were found to be very effective in treating these syndromes. There are several types of anti IL-1 medications based on different mechanisms of antagonizing IL-1. This paper focuses on the efficacy and safety of canakinumab, a long-acting humanized anti IL-1 antibody, in treating these syndromes.
Carbenoxolone Induces Oxidative Stress in Liver Mitochondria, Which Is Responsible for Transition Pore Opening (2005)

Carbenoxolone (Cbx), a derivative of glycyrrhetinic acid, which has been found to affect mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors, induces swelling and membrane potential collapse when added to Ca(2+)-loaded liver mitochondria at 10 microM concentrations. These effects are strictly correlated with hydrogen peroxide generation, increase in oxygen uptake, and sulfhydryl and pyridine nucleotide oxidation. Cyclosporin A, bongkrekic acid, and N-ethylmaleimide completely abolish all the above-described effects, suggesting that Cbx can be considered an inducer of mitochondrial permeability transition by means of oxidative stress. Cbx can also trigger the apoptotic pathway because the above events are also correlated with the loss of cytochrome c. These effects are probably related to the conjugated carbonyl oxygen in C-11, which produces reactive oxygen species by interacting with the mitochondrial respiratory chain, mainly at the level of complex I but, most likely, also with complex III. The oxidative stress induced by Cbx, which is responsible for pore opening, excludes that this is related to a genomic effect of the compound.
ECONOMIZERS IN CHILLER SYSTEMS (2012)

There are many buildings that have cooling demands for different purposes. They can be hospitals, administrative and office buildings, shopping centers, data centers and also industrial buildings. Cooling of processes and products, cool rooms, ice halls, and air-conditioning systems require chiller system application. Chiller system is usually the substantial part of energy consumption of the build-ing. That’s why different ways of increasing of the chiller systems efficiency began to be used more often. Due to the widespread use a lot of schemes to optimize and improve the effectiveness of chiller sys-tems have been developed. One possibility is the installation of an additional low-cost equipment like the economizer systems. They may be applied in the refrigeration cycle of the chiller or in the rest chiller system. In the theoretical part of the thesis measures and methods of the chiller systems efficiency increasing and different types of economizers were described. Influencing on the economizers efficiency factors were noted. Study case contains the simulation of the office building in different modes with IDA Indoor Climate and Energy software. Some results of the simulations are presented in the tables. The benefit from the economizer operation is calculated as compared with traditional chiller system. Also influence of the economizer set-point temperature on its benefits was evaluated. The relationship between equipment cost and benefits from the system operation must be precisely evaluated in every individual case.
“分析型”和“直觉型”管理风格 (2010)

将“分析型”和“直觉型”管理风格进行对比是错误的做法。直觉和判断（至少良好的判断）也都是分析，只不过已被固化成习惯，培养出通过识别熟悉的情境类型迅速做出反应的能力而已。所有管理者都必须能够运用管理科学和人工智能所提供的大量现代分析工具对问题进行系统分析。所有管理者还必须能够对各种情境迅速做出反应，必须通过多年的经验和训练来培养直觉和判断才可能具有这种技能。有效的管理者并不在“分析型”和“直觉型”解决方法之间进行选择。管理者的行为意思就是，要掌握全部的管理技能，并在适当的场合加以应用。
A review of termitophilous and other termite-associated scuttle flies worldwide (Diptera: Phoridae) (2009)

Abstract A review is provided of the morphological and behavioural observations known for the 190 recorded termitophilous and other termite-associated species of Phoridae (scuttle flies) known worldwide. A full list of these termite-associated phorids is provided, together with their recorded termite hosts, as an Appendix. The influence of batch size, egg size, developmental cycle, wing reduction and winglessness, egg-laying and morphological adaptations of a termite-associated lifestyle is discussed, based on differences observed among termite-associated phorids. A high number of termitophilous phorid species with batch sizes of four eggs or less are noted, probably reflecting the stable environment termitophilous phorids experience, and the high percentage of species with parasitoid or predatory larvae. Minimising the free-living larval stage by a reduction of the number of instars, by larval instar curtailment, or by endoparasitism is here hypothesised to be an advantageous life history strategy for many termite-associated phorids. Termite-associated phorids can be divided into four main types, according to their biology and morphology. The exploitive- and generalistic-types include both obligate and non-obligate termite associates that take advantage of the more vulnerable stages of the termites. The protective- and guest-types are obligate associates, spending full larval and pupal stages with their hosts. The guest-type is described as being socially integrated, communicating with the host and being involved in worker/nymph interactions.
Nutrition of the Domestic Cat, a Mammalian Carnivore (1984)

The objective of this review is to provide an overview of intermittent fasting regimens, summarize the evidence on the health benefits of intermittent fasting, and discuss physiological mechanisms by which intermittent fasting might lead to improved ...Read More
Amylase isoenzymes in the acute abdomen: an adjunct in those patients with elevated total amylase. (1985)

The role of routine isoamylase determinations in differentiating acute pancreatitis from other causes of an acute abdomen with hyperamylasemia and/or hyperamylasuria was evaluated. Values were analyzed from a control group of 21 patients with acute pancreatitis (group I) and from 100 consecutive patients diagnosed in our emergency department as having an acute abdomen (group II). In group I, 100% of patients had hyperamylasemia, hyperamylasuria, and a P isoamylase fraction greater than 0.75 of the total amylase value. In group II, 50% of patients had hyperamylasemia and/or hyperamylasuria. Of these patients, 44% had a P isoamylase fraction less than 0.75 of the total amylase value, a finding apparently incompatible with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis as identified by our control group. We conclude that routine isoamylase determinations in patients with an acute abdomen and hyperamylasemia and/or hyperamylasuria allows the differentiation from acute pancreatitis in 44% of cases.
A WYSIWYC (what you see is what you compute) spreadsheet (2002)

Sheet based programming languages (spreadsheet applications) are one of the most popular classes of applications on personal computers. Unfortunately, many spreadsheets created by both inexperienced and experienced users are incorrect. A fundamental reason for this is the independence of the computational structure of a spreadsheet from its visible structure. We define a new sheet-based visual language which attempts to overcome this difficulty by using the visible structure of the spreadsheet as the means of specifying the computational structure-a What You See is What You Compute (WYSIWYC) spreadsheet.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Design, fabrication and testing of a silicon-based air-breathing micro direct methanol fuel cell (2006)

A silicon-based air-breathing micro direct methanol fuel cell (μDMFC) with an active area of 13 mm × 11 mm has been developed for portable application. The prototype features unique cathode structures fabricated by low-cost MEMS technologies and a reliable assembly method by using PDMS and holders. I–V performance curves with different anode flow rates, methanol concentrations and operating temperatures have been obtained. The results show that this μDMFC has generated a maximum power density of 2.31 mW cm−2 using 1 M methanol solution at room temperature, which is comparable with our previous active μDMFCs. It has also been demonstrated that temperature is a critical experimental determinant of μDMFC performance. So thermal management may play a very important role in future μDMFC performance.
Three-MHz Ultrasound Heats Deeper Into the Tissues Than Originally Theorized. (2004)

OBJECTIVE: To measure muscle temperature of ultrasound at 1-MHz and 3-MHz frequencies at a depth of 2.5 cm and to compare treatment durations for vigorous heating (increase of 4 degrees C) and for heating to 40 degrees C. DESIGN AND SETTING: A counterbalanced, repeated-measures design with 1 fixed, independent variable, 1.5-W/cm(2) ultrasound treatment (1 MHz, 3 MHz, or control [sham]) using a Theratouch 7.7 ultrasound device. Dependent variables were end-treatment temperature at 2.5 cm, time to vigorous heating, and time to reach 40 degrees C. SUBJECTS: Eighteen healthy volunteers (age = 24.6 +/- 2.3 years, height = 173.0 +/- 9.7 cm, mass = 72.0 +/- 16.3 kg) without a history of lower leg injury. MEASUREMENTS: The medial triceps surae intramuscular temperature at 2.5 cm was measured every 10 seconds using an implantable thermocouple. Each of the 3 ultrasound frequencies was applied in counterbalanced order at 24-hour intervals. RESULTS: Ultrasound of 3 MHz produced both vigorous heating (at 3.4 minutes) and an absolute temperature of 40 degrees C (at 4 minutes). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that 3-MHz ultrasound heats 0.5 cm deeper than suggested by others. With our machine, 3-MHz ultrasound was more effective in heating muscle at this depth than 1-MHz ultrasound.
DESIGN AND CONTROL OF A CONTINUOUS-FLOW SYSTEM IN ECOTOXICOLOGICAL TEST (1997)

Fluctuations of toxicant concentions in long-term continuous-flow tests are mainly due to malfunction of the toxicant delivery system. Toxican analysis are essential in improving data quality. To reduce toxicant fluctuations, a serial diluter was modified and Masterflex metering pumps which delivered toxicant solution and dilution water were used. The continuous-flow test system with RTMS Which included Masterflex pump, pour-through cell installation, spectrometer and recorder ensured a high accuracy. In a 56-day test, The RTMS provided real-time information on the diluter. The variahon coefficients of toxicant concentration ranged from 2.16% to 6.13%. The successful operation of the system provided technical ensurance for intermediate-term and long-term ecotoxicological test. &nbsp;
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC INHIBITORS OF SERINE PROTEINASES. PART 10‐ STUDIES ON THE INHIBITION OF TRYPSIN, PLASMIN, AND THROMBIN BY 4‐AMIDINOPHENYLARALKANONES (1977)

Abstract Die Untersuchung der Hemmwirkung der Verbindungen (I), (II) und (III) gegenüber Trypsin, Plasmin und Thrombin ergibt, daß die Wirkung beim Ersatz des Phenylrestes durch stärker hydrophobe Gruppen wie Diphenylreste etc. steigt.
Neuronal and behavioural responses in rats during noxious stimulation of the tail (1977)

Abstract In rats anaesthetized with urethane, extracellular unit activity has been recorded from neurones in the central nervous system during noxious stimulation of the tail. Accurately graded and sustained stimulation was achieved by immersing the whole tail in water at controlled temperatures. Neurones were found chiefly in the marginal layers of the dorsal horn near the entry of the dorsal roots supplying the tail and in the ventrobasal nucleus of the thalamus; a few neurones were also found in the somatosensory cortex. Both dorsal horn units and thalamic units showed very similar responses as the tail temperature was gradually raised. At 42°C there was an increase in firing rate which rose sharply with increasing temperatures to reach a maximum at 46°C. At higher temperatures activ­ity declined and at temperatures above 50°C was largely extinguished. The temperature-response curves were bell-shaped. The decline in activity depended on temperature and not on time: sustained firing for many minutes was seen when temperature was at or just below the peak of the bell-shaped curve. The dorsal horn and thalamic cells also responded to noxious mechanical stimulation of the tail. The receptive fields at both levels were similar, being variable in size, often bilateral and sometimes covering the whole tail. None of the central neurones showed any response to noxious stimulation other than on the tail; neither did they respond to movement of the tail nor to light mechanical stimuli applied to the tail or elsewhere. In behavioural experiments conscious rats had their tails exposed to water at various temperatures. The rats lifted their tails from the water at a threshold temperature of 43.7 ± 0.6°C, i. e. just above the threshold for the central nociceptive neurones. The findings are compatible with a specific nociceptive pathway ascending to the ventrobasal thalamus.
ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF WILDLIFE DAMAGE TO ELECTRIC SUBSTATIONS (1995)

This study addresses several aspects of the ecology and control of wildlife damage to electric substations because the amount of existing research is not sufficient to make informed decisions about how best to minimize that damage. Records of 121 incidents of animal-caused faults showed that 78% of the faults were caused by squirrels and raccoons and an average of 2,511 customers lost service during the outage caused by such a fault. Animal damage control measures were evaluated by observing challenges to control measures by raccoons and squirrels at a substation. The control measures were breached twice because they had not been properly applied. In 1994, 301 transmission and distribution substations in Michigan were sampled and categorized based on various structural and habitat characteristics. Significant relationships (p < 0.10) were found between faulted substations and the number of nests in the substation, the distance of water from the substation, and the beam type used in the substation.
Inner Core Differential Motion Confirmed by Earthquake Waveform Doublets (2005)

We analyzed 18 high-quality waveform doublets with time separations of up to 35 years in the South Sandwich Islands region, for which the seismic signals have traversed the inner core as PKP(DF). The doublets show a consistent temporal change of travel times at up to 58 stations in and near Alaska, and they show a dissimilarity of PKP(DF) coda. Using waveform doublets avoids artifacts of earthquake mislocations and contamination from small-scale heterogeneities. Our results confirm that Earth's inner core is rotating faster than the mantle and crust at about 0.3 degrees to 0.5 degrees per year.
Benchmarking the Firm's Critical Success Factors in New Product Development (1995)

Managing new product development (NPD) is, to a great extent, a process of separating the winners from the losers. At the project level, tough go/no‐go decisions must be made throughout each development effort to ensure that resources are being allocated appropriately. At the company level, benchmarking is helpful for identifying the critical success factors that set the most successful firms apart from their competitors. This company‐ or macro‐level analysis also has the potential for uncovering success factors that are not readily apparent through examination of specific projects. To improve our understanding of the company‐level drivers of NPD success, Robert Cooper and Elko Kleinschmidt describe the results of a multi‐firm benchmarking study. They propose that a company's overall new product performance depends on the following elements: the NPD process and the specific activities within this process; the organization of the NPD program; the firm's NPD strategy; the firm's culture and climate for innovation; and senior management commitment to NPD. Given the multidimensional nature of NPD performance, the study involves 10 performance measures of a company's new product program: success rate, percent of sales, profitability relative to spending, technical success rating, sales impact, profit impact, success in meeting sales objectives, success in meeting profit objectives, profitability relative to competitors, and overall success. The 10 performance metrics are reduced to two underlying dimensions: program profitability and program impact. These performance factors become theX‐and Y‐ax.es of a performance map, a visual summary of the relative performance of the 135 companies responding to the survey. The performance map further breaks down the respondents into four groups: solid performers, high‐impact technical winners, low‐impact performers, and dogs. Again, the objective of this analysis is to determine what separates the solid performers from the companies in the other groups. The analysis identifies nine constructs that drive performance. In rank order of their impact on performance, the main performance drivers that separate the solid performers from the dogs are: a high‐quality new product process; a clear, well‐communicated new product strategy for the company; adequate resources for new products; senior management commitment to new products; an entrepreneurial climate for product innovation; senior management accountability; strategic focus and synergy (i.e., new products close to the firm's existing markets and leveraging existing technologies); high‐quality development teams; and cross‐functional teams.
L’influence de la Convention européenne des droits de I’homme sur le droit de propriété (1994)

Abstract. Up to the present time, the European Court of Human Rights has handed down 18 interesting judgments on Article 1 of Additional Protocol 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. As interpreted by the Court, this provision authorises three types of restrictions to the right to property which it lays down, but in contrast to the other provisions which permit restrictions (in particular Articles 8–11 of the Convention) it makes no mention of what is necessary in a democratic society. What is proposed here is a global reading of the case law of the Court in this field in order to demonstrate the logic lying behind the system of control set up by the Court, which is essentially based on the notion of porportionality, with the Court determining the correct balance to be set between considerations of the public interest, as put forward by the States, which might justify interferences (the purpose and utility of the restriction with recognition of a sphere of discretion for the State), and the rights of the individual (the right to property, and also the other rights guaranteed under the system of the Convention). Certain general principles are emerging which make it possible to evaluate the influence of the case law of the Court on the right to property. Although the number of violations which the Court has found appears to be very small, it is significant that those which it has found are essentially based on the failure to respect other rights under the Convention which restrictions upon the right to property affect indirectly, and the reference to the notion of necessity in a democratic society introduced by the Court has tended rather to increase the scope of discretion accorded to the States with regard to the general interest, instead of limiting it which is the case in relation to the other rights which are guaranteed with the exception of restrictions which are necessary in a democratic society.
Hydraulic Modelling of Stormwater Trashracks (1994)

Trashracks are storm water drainage structures designed to intercept litter, debris and other gross pollutants discharging into sensitive receiving waters. This paper describes the results of a series of model tests conducted at Sydney Water Board's hydraulics laboratory at Manly Vale, NSW. From the tests it was possible to identify six trash rack arrangements which were both efficient at removing litter and debris and which were also relatively self-cleaning. The six arrangements cover most site conditions, including gradual and steep channels as well as on-line and off-line trash rack configurations.