gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ontogenesis of Intestinal Nutrient Transport in Domestic Chickens (Gallus gallus) and Its Relation to Growth (1992)

ABSTRACr.-We measured intestinal (brush-border) uptake of the sugars glucose and fructose, and of the amino acid proline, each week from one day posthatching to 12 weeks of age in a rapidly growing strain of domestic chicken (Gallus gallus, White Cornish x Rock). Small-intestine mass increased as the 0.74 power of body mass, the same power as resting metabolic rate of the whole bird. Even on a constant diet, nutrient uptake varied with age, according to ontogenetic patterns that differed among nutrients. From the beginning to end of the 12-week period, glucose uptake per milligram of intestinal tissue remained on the average approximately constant, fructose uptake increased in the distal intestine, and proline uptake per milligram declined across all intestinal regions. Uptake capacity integrated over the whole length of the intestine generally increased for all three solutes, mostly as a consequence of increases in intestinal mass. A steep, brief, many-fold increase in glucose uptake appeared in two-week-old chicks, coinciding with increasing thermal independence and the exhaustion of yolk reserves. A similarly steep, brief, many-fold increase in proline uptake at week 6 coincided with the onset of molt and high relative growth rates. Comparisons of integrated nutrient-uptake capacities with estimated nutrient intakes suggest that intestinal nutrient uptake capacity is closely matched to dietary nutrient intake during growth. This supports the hypothesis that the intestine's capacity to assimilate nutrients may pose a proximal constraint on the rate of growth in precocial species. Received 1 November 1990, accepted 6 February 1992.
Vegetable brassicas and related crucifers (2006)

<title>Abstract</title> This book identifies the scientific principles underpinning crop production in Western (Occidental) brassicas derived from <italic>Brassica oleracea</italic> and Oriental types derived from <italic>B. rapa</italic> [<italic>B. campestris</italic>], Chinese cabbage and its relatives. It examines: plant breeding; the potential for genetic manipulation; model forms in <italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</italic> and Wisconsin Fast Plants®, seeds and seedlings; developmental physiology and yield prediction; crop agronomy; sustainable, ecologically integrated approaches to controlling competition for resources from pathogens, pests and weeds; crop quality; physiological disorders; and contributions to human health and welfare. It is of value to professionals, producers and students in horticulture, plant science, plant breeding, physiology, pathology and entomology, ecology, sustainable cropping systems and food quality.
Impact of a Recapping Device on Venepuncture-Related Needlestick Injury (1989)

Abstract In a 33-month prospective analysis of needlestick injuries, venepuncturists working under Centers for Disease Control (CDC) guidelines for handling used needles were shown to incur a needlestick injury for every 3,175 to 4,006 needle-handling procedures. On the other hand, users of a simple device designed to reduce the risk of injury when recapping used needles were shown to incur a needlestick only once in every 16,100 venepunctures performed ( P &lt;0.00l). This represents a fourfold reduction in the rate of needlestick injuries. We thus question the effectiveness of the CDC nonrecapping policy.
Cloud Computing Utilization For E-Learning Pharmaceutical System (2014)

Cloud computing is rising speedily with applications in approximately any area, together with pharmaceutical education. E-learning systems generally need several hardware and software resources. There are a lot of educational institutions that cannot have the funds for such investments and cloud computing is the most excellent answer for this. This paper provides the optimistic impact of using cloud computing architectures based on e- learning system development. It spotlights on the payback of cloud computing for e-learning solutions and the e-learning development organization confronts when this architecture is utilized. At present, most of the conventional education forms are becoming not being suitable for requirements of social progress and educational development and not being able to catch up with the changes of learning demand in time, thus computer networks have brought opportunities for it. In (2) are offered the major advantages of using cloud computing in schools. The subsequent sections target on cloud computing thoughts and the profit of cloud computing for e-learning solutions. The impact on e-learning solutions based on cloud computing project managing is also examined. This is extremely significant for the development of e-learning solutions based on cloud computing.
Poly(amide‐imides): Wire Enamels with Excellent Thermal and Chemical Properties (2008)

Abstract Poly(amide‐imide) resins are versatile high‐performance polymers used as primary electrical insulation. They can be synthesized by three well‐established methods, of which only two are commercially exploited. Outstanding characteristics include high thermal performance, chemical and abrasion resistance, and low coefficient of friction. Other industries also rely on these same properties for use as coatings, extrusion resins and films. Recent developments are discussed and future trends/product offerings are reviewed. Developments include corona‐resistant enamels, self‐lubricated and high‐abrasion‐resistance coatings. The hybrid automobile industry offers opportunities for further innovations in primary electrical coatings. magnified image
Application of dynamic braking to mine hoisting systems (1988)

Accidents occurred on counterweighted mine hoisting systems when the mechanical brake failed while the cage was empty. This allowed the counterweight to fall to the bottom of the shaft, causing the cage to overspeed and crash into the headframe. Direct-current hoist motors have the potential for preventing this type of accident by incorporating a passive electrical braking system known as dynamic braking. Installation of dynamic braking requires minimal control system modifications and modest expense. The various circuit designs that can be configured to implement dynamic braking on a DC mine hoisting system are discussed. Selection of the load resistance for the desired dynamic braking system performance is addressed. Data from tests of a mine hoisting system that was modified in the field to incorporate dynamic braking are analyzed, to provide technical credibility to the dynamic braking concept.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Laser processing of microelectronic devices (1982)

Laser sources have recently been investigated for use in a number of diverse processing applications for microelectronics.
TB125: Fertilization of Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus L.) in Maine Shows Economic Potential (1987)

Plots in seven eastern white pine sawlog stands were treated with nitrogen at rates of 0, 56, 112, and 224 kg/ha. After four years the largest increase in basal area growth, 0.31 dm2 /tree, and volume growth, 13.0 m3 /ha, occurred in plots that received 112 kg/ha. It appears that an application rate of 112 kg/ha may provide a real return of 15% or more in some stands.
[Electrical properties of the horny layer of human epidermis and its water transport]. (1986)

Experimental evidence was obtained concerning the connection between the electric parameters of epidermis horny layer of the man's skin and water transport in the course of imperceptible perspiration. Two-layer diffusion model of water transport was considered.
A Partial Host Range of the High Plains Virus of Corn and Wheat (1998)

Barley (Hordeum vulgare), cheat (Bromus secalinus), corn (Zea mays), oat (Avena sativa), rye (Secale cereale), and wheat (Triticum aestivum) were infected by a Kansas isolate of the High Plains virus (HPV) in greenhouse experiments, but several other grass species were not. Infection of a host was dependent upon wheat curl mite numbers. Although both green foxtail (Setaria viridis) and yellow foxtail (S. glauca) are found naturally infected by HPV, only yellow foxtail could be infected in greenhouse experiments. Field sampling (1994 to 1996) of symptomatic yellow foxtail showed that it is a good indicator of the presence of HPV, with 252 of 278 symptomatic plants testing positive in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for HPV, 2 of 278 for American wheat striate mosaic virus, and 1 of 278 for johnson grass mosaic virus, whereas 23 of 278 symptomatic plants were negative for all viruses tested by ELISA and were not infectious in back-assays.
Facile Synthesis of Silicon Nanoparticles Embedded in 3D N-doped Graphene as Anode Materials for High-Performance Lithium Ion Batteries (2017)

The Si nanoparticle embedded in three dimensional nitrogen-doped graphene (Si-NG) composite was synthesized by a facile one-step hydrothermal method using urea as nitrogen source and vitamin C as reducing agent of graphene oxide. The composites were investigated with regard to the composition and structure by various instrumental methods and the electrochemical performances as the freestanding anode of LIBs. The results show that the Si-NG composite anode affords high storage energy and rate capability. A high discharge capacity of 1373 mAhg-1 over 100 cycles is obtained at 400 mA g-1, with coulombic efficiency of 98.3%. The excellent electrochemical performance is associated with high electrical conductivity of N-doped 3D graphene, short transportation path for both lithium-ions and electrons due to nanocrystallization of Si, and elastomeric space to accommodate volume changes during alloying /dealloying.
A scent of therapy: pharmacological implications of natural products containing redox-active sulfur atoms (2006)

A range of sulfur-containing natural products from plants, fungi, bacteria and animals have recently been investigated to determine their therapeutic potential. Preliminary in vitro and in vivo studies of compounds such as ergothioneine, ovothiols, allicin, leinamycin, varacin, lenthionine and diallyltetrasulfide have provided evidence for antioxidant, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifungal and anticancer properties. The biological activity of these compounds is the result of specific chemical properties which converge in chemotypes such as thiols, disulfides, sulfenic and sulfinic acids,thiosulfinates, sulfoxides, sulfones and polysulfides. Redox-activity, catalysis, metal binding, enzyme inhibition and radical generation allow reactive sulfur species to interact with oxidative stressors, to affect the function of redox-sensitive cysteine proteins and to disrupt the integrity of DNA and cellular membranes. In some cases, the biological activity of sulfur-containing plant products depends on initial enzymatic activation, which allows thiosulfinates and isothiocyanates to be generated with high target selectivity. Not surprisingly, research into the biochemical and pharmacological properties of the lesser known sulfur chemotypes is rapidly gathering momentum.
Neutralization of Lewis Antibodies<i>in Vivo</i>and Transfusion of Lewis Incompatible Blood (1972)

The anti-Lewis antibodies of two patients were temporarily but completely suppressed by the administration of plasma from Lewis-positive individuals. This was done in order to circumvent the problem of finding a large number of Le(a-b-) donors in an emergency. Thirteen units of originally incompatible blood were transfused into one of these patients. Following the transfusion, there was a rapid and striking immune response, culminating in a peak by about the fourth week. There were no signs of a hemolytic transfusion reaction, either immediate or delayed. It is suggested that this was clue to elution of the Lewis substances from the surface of infused cells before the occurrence of the immune response. The second patient received only plasma. The posttransfusion courses of both patients were without complication, attesting to the safety of the procedure.
Can Religious Influence Ever Be "Undue" Influence? (2008)

In writing
Graded pseudomorphic channel AlInP/AlInAs/GaInAsHEMTs with high channel breakdown voltage (1994)

The Letter reports effects of the composition grading of the channel on the device characteristics of Al0.48In0.52As/Ga1-xInxAs pseudomorphic HEMTs. Systematic studies reveal that the modification of the quantum-well channel by grading the composition considerably changes the channel breakdown (BVds) and output conductance (G o) characteristics. HEMTs with graded Ga1-xInxAs channel (from x = 0.7 to x = 0.6) exhibited significantly improved BVds (11 V) and go (40 mS/mm) compared with HEMTs with uniform composition (x = 0.7) in the channel (BVds = 4 V and g o = 80 mS/mm).
All-solid-state reference electrodes based on conducting polymers (2005)

A novel construction of solution free (pseudo)reference electrodes, compatible with all-solid-state potentiometric indicator electrodes, has been proposed. These electrodes use conducting polymers (CP): polypyrrole (PPy) or poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). Two different arrangements have been tested: solely based on CP and those where the CP phase is covered with a poly(vinyl chloride) based outer membrane of tailored composition. The former arrangement was designed to suppress or compensate cation- and anion-exchange, using mobile perchlorate ions and poly(4-styrenesulfonate) or dodecylbenzenesulfonate anions as immobilized dopants. The following systems were used: (i) polypyrrole layers doped simultaneously by two kinds of anions, both mobile and immobilized in the polymer layer; (ii) bilayers of polypyrrole with anion exchanging inner layer and cation-exchanging outer layer; (iii) polypyrrole doped by surfactant dodecylbenzenesulfonate ions, which inhibit ion exchange on the polymer/solution interface. For the above systems, recorded potentials have been found to be practically independent of electrolyte concentration. The best results, profound stability of potentials, have been obtained for poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) or polypyrrole doped by poly(4-styrenesulfonate) anions covered by a poly(vinyl chloride) based membrane, containing both anion- and cation-exchangers as well as solid potassium chloride and silver chloride with metallic silver. Differently to the cases (i)-(iii) these electrodes are much less sensitive to the influence of redox and pH interferences. This arrangement has been also characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and chronopotentiometry.
Spindle Cell Hemangioendothelioma (1996)

Seventy-eight cases of spindle cell hemangioendothelioma (SCH) were studied to reevaluate its pathogenesis and determine its long-term behavior. Most of the original findings were confirmed by this study. The tumor occurred at all ages (8-78 years; median, 32 years; mean, 34 years). Males and females were equally affected. The tumor developed as a superficially located mass of the distal extremities (upper, 32 cases; lower, 30 cases). Four patients (5%) also had Maffucci's syndrome. The lesions were circumscribed red-brown masses occasionally containing phleboliths that consisted of cavernous blood spaces alternating with cellular areas consisting of collapsed vascular spaces separated by spindled fibroblastic cells. Often the endothelium lining the collapsed blood spaces appeared epithelioid with cytoplasmic vacuolization. The spindled fibroblastic cells lacked significant atypia and had at most a low level of mitotic activity. As a significant departure from what was originally reported, more than half of these cases (58%) were partially or completely intravascular. The vein containing the tumor often had an irregularly attenuated wall with small intimal herniations and intimal papillae traversing the lumen. Similar intimal changes in adjacent vessels suggest that SCH grows as a multifocal or contiguous process within vessels. Follow-up information was obtained in 40 cases, ranging from 1 month to 40 years (mean, 5.4 years). Despite conservative excisions in most patients (simple excision, 83%; wide local excision, 13%; amputation, 2%), prognosis was excellent. Fifty-eight percent experienced recurrences, but no patient developed metastasis and no patient died of the direct effects of the tumor, although one patient with Maffucci's syndrome developed a concurrent angiosarcoma. We conclude that SCH is a primary benign vascular neoplasm or malformation similar to angiomatosis in which alterations in blood flow might explain some of the secondary features. Areas of diminished blood flow result in vascular collapse with formation of the "cellular" zones, and areas of vascular engorgement with stasis promote thrombosis and organization. Local "recurrences" probably represent contiguous spread along or multifocal involvement of a vessel. Because there is no evidence that this lesion has metastatic potential, we suggest that the lesion be designated spindle cell hemangioma for solitary lesions and spindle cell hemangiomatosis for multifocal lesions.
Oxidative stress as an initiator of cytokine release and cell damage (2003)

This article characterised the role of oxidative stress in mediating pathological reactions in the lung and the unique antioxidant defences that the lung possesses. The impact of redox balance in regulating inflammatory and immune reactions were discussed, and the impact of enhancing lung antioxidant capacity in animal models of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were characterised.
Conceptual approach to the application of neural network for short-term load forecasting (2002)

The feasibility of using a simple neural network for short-term load forecasting is investigated. A combined linear and nonlinear neural network is developed. The forecasts are computed using weights which are reestimated using only very recent observations. The model operation is tested by using load data obtained from a winter-peaking utility in the Northeastern USA. The results show that the error in most weeks is small, less than 4-5%. This validation test proves that the method is feasible and able to produce accurate forecasts under normal conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The RAFOS System (1986)

The RAFOS float is a small neutrally buoyant subsurface order, which, like its big brother the SOFAR float, uses the deep sound (or SOFAR) channel to determine its position as a function of time. Whereas the SOFAR float transmits to moored receivers, the ∼12 kg glass pipe RAFOS float listens for accurately timed signals from moored sound sources to determine its position. The acoustic signal detection and norm of data are all handled by a CMOS microprocessor in the float. The data are recovered at the end of its mission when the float surface and telemeters its memory contents to Systeme Argos, a satellite-borne platform location and data collection system. Just a few sound sources provide navigation for an arbitrary number of floats.
Toxicity of the Cyanoacrylates (1970)

Evaluation of toxicity in the cyanoacrylate adhesives and their homologs was undertaken in conventional and germ free guinea pigs. Adhesive was applied to the denuded cornea centrally and peripherally and injected intrastromally; all experimental models demonstrated in vivo toxicity. Intrastromal injection and surface application to the central cornea produced the severe inflammatory response in both species.
Using GATE as an environment for teaching NLP (2002)

In this paper we argue that the GATE architecture and visual development environment can be used as an effective tool for teaching language engineering and computational linguistics. Since GATE comes with a customisable and extendable set of components, it allows students to get hands-on experience with building NLP applications. GATE also has tools for corpus annotation and performance evaluation, so students can go through the entire application development process within its graphical development environment. Finally, it offers comprehensive Unicode-compliant multilingual support, thus allowing students to create components for languages other than English. Unlike other NLP teaching tools which were designed specifically and only for this purpose, GATE is a system developed for and used actively in language engineering research. This unique duality allows students to contribute to research projects and gain skills in embedding HLT in practical applications.
Lung Parenchymal Mechanics in Health and Disease (2009)

The mechanical properties of lung tissue are important determinants of lung physiological functions. The connective tissue is composed mainly of cells and extracellular matrix, where collagen and elastic fibers are the main determinants of lung tissue mechanical properties. These fibers have essentially different elastic properties, form a continuous network along the lungs, and are responsible for passive expiration. In the last decade, many studies analyzed the relationship between tissue composition, microstructure, and macrophysiology, showing that the lung physiological behavior reflects both the mechanical properties of tissue individual components and its complex structural organization. Different lung pathologies such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, fibrosis, inflammation, and emphysema can affect the extracellular matrix. This review focuses on the mechanical properties of lung tissue and how the stress-bearing elements of lung parenchyma can influence its behavior.
Novel Adenovirus Component System That Transfects Cultured Cardiac Cells With High Efficiency (1996)

Although it is clear that gene transfection is a potentially valuable approach in the study of cardiac cell function and differentiation, classic transfection methods are limited by their poor efficiencies in cardiac cells. Recent studies show that recombinant replication-defective human adenovirus can transfect primary cardiac cultures with near 100% efficiency. Since such recombinants are time consuming to prepare, the goal of this study was to develop a plasmid/viral transfection system that would capitalize on the advantages of adenovirus. We have found that a "component system" formed by preincubation of Ad5dl312 adenovirus, poly-L-lysine, and an expression plasmid (lacZ reporter gene under control of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) major immediate early promoter) can transfect cultured cardiac cells. Optimal conditions were determined by quantifying beta-galactosidase expression. Histochemical analysis of cultures revealed that the component system transfected 70% of the cells under these conditions. LacZ-positive myocytes could be identified in intact myocytes with the fluorescent substrate C12-fluorescein di-beta-galactopyranoside. Functional studies with such cells indicated that contractile behavior was maintained in transfected cardiocytes. Furthermore, the component system was used to transfect a DNA vector expressing a physiologically relevant protein, protein kinase C delta. In summary, this powerful and simple approach can promote the expression of heterologous genes that can be studied at the biochemical and cellular level in cardiac cells.
A transect of metamorphic rocks along the Copper River, Cordova and Valdez Quadrangles, Alaska: A section in <i>The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: Accomplishments during 1982</i> (1984)

The possible significance of diagenetic remobilization
Comparison of Stressors Among Female vs. Male Inmates (1993)

This article examines Rose Giallombardo's (1966, p. 13) claim that unless "evidence to the contrary is found, we have no a priori reason to suppose that the pains of imprisonment will be felt less keenly by female prisoners than by males." The research reported in this study suggests that female inmates experience lower levels of stressors on seven of eight adjustment needs identified by Toch. The article discusses these stressors as well as the additional stress created by the separation from children experienced by the majority of female inmates.