gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of <i>Phytophthora capsici</i> Causing Foliar and Pod Blight of Snap Bean in Michigan (2008)

Green and yellow snap bean plants with water-soaked foliar lesions, stem necrosis, pod blight, and overall plant decline were observed in four commercial fields in three Michigan counties during 2003 to 2005. All fields were cropped to cucurbits that exhibited symptoms of Phytophthora capsici infection in recent years. In all, 680 isolates of P. capsici were obtained from bean stems, petioles, leaves, and pods; the pathogen was not recovered from roots. Koch's postulates were completed with representative isolates, confirming P. capsici as the causal organism. Select isolates also were pathogenic on cucumber fruit, causing symptoms consistent with P. capsici infection. The majority of the P. capsici isolates collected were sensitive to the fungicide mefenoxam and were of the A1 mating type. Under laboratory conditions, six P. capsici isolates from snap bean (2003) were pathogenic on 12 different commercial bean cultivars, including soybean. Infected bean plants exhibited water-soaked lesions, foliar necrosis, and wilting. We subjected 131 isolates collected from 2003 and 2004 to amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis to investigate diversity among isolates and geographical populations and to determine whether bean P. capsici isolates were similar to isolates from a cucurbit host. This is the first in-depth study of P. capsici on snap bean in Michigan. Although bean cultivars previously were considered a suitable rotation for crops susceptible to P. capsici, this is no longer a recommended practice.
Who Votes For What? A Visual Query Language for Opinion Data (2008)

Surveys and opinion polls are extremely popular in the media, especially in the months preceding a general election. However, the available tools for analyzing poll results often require specialized training. Hence, data analysis remains out of reach for many casual computer users. Moreover, the visualizations used to communicate the results of surveys are typically limited to traditional statistical graphics like bar graphs and pie charts, both of which are fundamentally noninteractive. We present a simple interactive visualization that allows users to construct queries on large tabular data sets, and view the results in real time. The results of two separate user studies suggest that our interface lowers the learning curve for naive users, while still providing enough analytical power to discover interesting correlations in the data.
Improving the performance of power-aware multi-rate IEEE 802.11 in multihop wireless networks (2011)

In multihop, multi-rate wireless networks, simultaneous transmissions can interfere with one another to impair the transmission quality and prevent correct frame reception. Achieving high network performance (e.g. throughout and energy consumption) in such networks therefore requires a balance between the spectrum spatial reuse and the transmission quality. To achieve this trade-off, a decentralised control algorithm is proposed that allows a sender–receiver pair, using the IEEE 802.11 four-way access method, to dynamically adjust the transmit power and rate for their frames according to the level of interference in the network. Specifically, the scheme is based on the interplay between two approaches: physical carrier sensing and virtual carrier sensing approach to achieve this optimal trade-off. The algorithm outlines the rules for performing power and rate assignment so that higher performance is obtained. A realistic analytical model is presented to study the performance of the proposed heuristic; analytical results show that the algorithm proposed by the authors, indeed, finds the balance between spatial reuse and transmission quality through its appropriate search for the suitable transmission parameters. Simulation results for different topologies are used to demonstrate the significant throughput and energy gains that can be obtained by the proposed scheme.
Physiological and developmental effects of colchicine (1971)

Colchicine has been a very useful diagnostic tool to determine if a particular developmental process requires cell division or microtubules; however, it produces certain side effects which may limit its usefulness. Low concentrations depolarize cell enlargement and higher concentrations actually inhibit cell enlargement; the threshold concentration varies depending on the tissue. 0.2% (w/w) inhibits solute uptake and respiration in corn seedling roots. Higher concentrations also inhibit DNA and ethylene synthesis. Although ethylene and colchicine cause a similar swelling in the elongation zone of roots, colchicine does not promote ediylene synthesis and may even inhibit. In addition, the ethylene antagonist, CO2, does not prevent the depolarization of cell enlargement in corn roots. Thus colchicine induction of swelling in corn roots is not mediated by ethylene.
Novel Dengue Virus NS2B/NS3 Protease Inhibitors (2014)

Dengue fever is a severe, widespread, and neglected disease with more than 2 million diagnosed infections per year. The dengue virus NS2B/NS3 protease (PR) represents a prime target for rational drug design. At the moment, there are no clinical PR inhibitors (PIs) available. We have identified diaryl (thio)ethers as candidates for a novel class of PIs. Here, we report the selective and noncompetitive inhibition of the serotype 2 and 3 dengue virus PR in vitro and in cells by benzothiazole derivatives exhibiting 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) in the low-micromolar range. Inhibition of replication of DENV serotypes 1 to 3 was specific, since all substances influenced neither hepatitis C virus (HCV) nor HIV-1 replication. Molecular docking suggests binding at a specific allosteric binding site. In addition to the in vitro assays, a cell-based PR assay was developed to test these substances in a replication-independent way. The new compounds inhibited the DENV PR with IC50s in the low-micromolar or submicromolar range in cells. Furthermore, these novel PIs inhibit viral replication at submicromolar concentrations.
Stopped-Flow Rapid-Scan Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (1999)

A stopped-flow rapid-mixing device interfaced with a rapid-scan FT-IR spectrometer and a diode-array UV-visible spectrophotometer permits the observation of reaction transient intermediates over a broad range of wavelengths at minimal cost. The system has been evaluated for both spectral regions with the use of two different chemical reaction systems. The presence of a transient intermediate is clearly indicated in one case. Unexpected reactivity was observed in the other case. This approach will allow the study of chemical reactions even when no spectral changes occur in the UV-visible region.
Erhöhung der T1-Relaxationszeit bei kardialer Amyloidose – Erweiterung des Spektrums morphologischer und funktioneller Kriterien bei der MRT des Herzens (2006)

Ziele: Bedeutung der T1- und T2 Relaxationszeit sowie weiterer morphologischer und funktioneller Merkmale der MRT des Herzens zur Evaluation einer kardialen Beteiligung bei systemischer Amyloidose. Methode: Wir untersuchten 34 konsekutive Patienten (11w/23m, im Durchschnitt 56 Jahre) im Hinblick auf eine kardiale Beteiligung bei histologisch gesicherter systemischer Amyloidose (8 Patienten hereditäre, 25 Patienten Leichtkettenamyloidose). Aufgrundlage der Echokardiographie (Septumdicke, Myokardtextur, diastolische Funktion) und myokardialen Biopsie wurden 25 Patienten in eine Gruppe mit kardialer Beteiligung zugeordnet. 9 Patienten mit systemischer Amyloidose aber ohne Zeichen einer Herzbeteiligung dienten als klinische Kontrolle. Bei allen Patienten wurden an einem 1,5 T MRT (Symphony, Siemens) morphologische (T1w, T2w, Late Enhancement), funktionelle sowie relaxometrische (T1- und T2- Relaxationszeit (RT)) Daten aquiriert. Die Baseline T1- und T2-RT entstammen einer Probandengruppe aus 10 gesunden Freiwilligen. Ergebnis: Patienten mit kardialer Beteiligung bei systemischer Amyloidose zeigten eine Erhöhung der T1-RT im Vergleich zur klinischen Kontrolle und zur Probandengruppe (1340±79ms vs. 1207±63ms vs. 1120ms±62, p<0.0001). Die T2-RT war zwar erhöht, zeigte jedoch keine statistische Signifikanz (80ms±11 vs. 73ms±10 vs. 68±7ms, n.s.).
Erratum: Phase II study of sequential hormonal therapy with anastrozole/exemestane in advanced and metastatic breast cancer (2005)

RV Iaffaioli1, R Formato1, A Tortoriello2, S Del Prete3, M Caraglia3, G Pappagallo4, A Pisano2, F Fanelli5, G Ianniello6, S Cigolari7, C Pizza8, O Marano8, G Pezzella5, T Pedicini9, A Febbraro9, P Incoronato2, L Manzione10, E Ferrari1, N Marzano11, S Quattrin2, S Pisconti5, G Nasti1, G Giotta12, G Colucci12 and other Goim authors
Monoamine oxidase-catalyzed oxidative decarboxylation of cis- and trans-5-aminomethyl-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one. Evidence for the intermediacy of an .alpha.-radical (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMonoamine oxidase-catalyzed oxidative decarboxylation of cis- and trans-5-aminomethyl-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one. Evidence for the intermediacy of an .alpha.-radicalRichard B. Silverman, Joseph J. P. Zhou, Charles Z. Ding, and Xingliang LuCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 51, 12895–12896Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00156a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00156a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views121Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Organic Rankine cycles in waste heat recovery: a comparative study (2013)

A theoretical study of organic Rankine cycles (ORCs) powered by three different waste heat sources is presented. The heat sources, all found in industrial processes, span a range of energy scales capable of powering ORCs from ∼10 kW to 10 MW. A novel method of pinch point analysis is presented, allowing variable heat input to the ORC. This study models the ORC over a range of operating conditions and with different working fluids for each heat source. Results from each source are compared to assess the influence of different heat source characteristics on optimal ORC design.
Mirror reflectometer based on optical cavity decay time (1984)

Described is a reflectometer capable of making reflectivity measurements of low-loss highly reflecting mirror coatings and transmission measurements of low-loss antireflection coatings. The technique directly measures the intensity decay time of an optical cavity comprised of low-loss elements. We develop the theoretical framework for the device and discuss in what conditions and to what extent the decay time represents a true measure of mirror reflectivity. Current apparatus provides a decay time resolution of 10 nsec and has demonstrated a cavity total loss resolution of 5 ppm.
A Passive Heterodyne Hot Electron Bolometer Imager Operating at 850 GHz (2008)

We report on the development and characterization of a passive heterodyne hot electron bolometer (HEB) imager operating at 850 GHz. HEB detectors provide unprecedented sensitivity and spectral resolution at terahertz frequencies covering the frequency range of 0.5-5 THz. Terahertz imagers based on HEB technology have sufficient sensitivity to operate in a passive imaging mode, thus eliminating the need for active illumination. We demonstrated a fully automated passive imaging system based on our HEB technology. The front-end heterodyne detector includes a quasi-optically coupled HEB device in close proximity to a monolithic microwave integrated circuit low-noise IF amplifier. We integrated a compact commercial harmonic multiplier local oscillator (LO) source to provide the LO biasing for the HEB detector. Our high spectral resolution terahertz imager has a noise equivalent temperature difference value of 0.4 K and a spatial resolution of approximately 4 mm.
UWB multi-static SAR with image stackng for land mine detection (2003)

We investigate techniques for improving the signal to clutter ratio of an ultra wide-band SAR designed to detect small mine-like objects in the surface of the ground. In particular we collected images using different bistatic antenna configurations in an attempt to decorrelate the clutter with respect to the targets. The images were converted to a reference depression angle, summed, and then converted to ground coordinates. The resulting target strengths were then compared with the amplitude distribution of the ground clutter to show the improvement obtained. Use of the bipolar response to further enhance target to clutter ratios was also considered. Whilst some improvement was demonstrated, this was for the relatively easy scenario of targets on the surface partially obscured by grass.
Nanostructured Carbon Arrays from Block Copolymers of Polyacrylonitrile (2002)

Arrays of graphitic carbon nanoclusters were obtained by pyrolysis of nanoscale phase-separated block copolymers of polyacrylonitrile and poly(n-butyl acrylate). Upon heating in an inert atmosphere to temperatures ranging from approximately 400 to 1200 degrees C, polyacrylonitrile domains were converted into carbon nanoclusters, maintaining the overall shape and spacing, whereas the poly(n-butyl acrylate) phase was sacrificed. Preservation of the original nanoscale morphology of a block copolymer was possible only if pyrolysis was preceded by oxidation at temperatures of approximately 230 degrees C, in analogy with thermal stabilization of polyacrylonitrile precursor in the process used in the manufacturing of carbon fibers. Preorganization of the carbon precursor through self-assembly in block copolymers of polyacrylonitrile appears to be an attractive and robust strategy for templated synthesis of well-defined nanostructured carbon materials.
Intense Pulsed Light for the Treatment of Dry Eye Owing to Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (2019)

Dry eye disease (DED) is an increasingly common condition and one of the most common complaints of patients. The vast majority of DED is caused by the so-called "evaporative" subtype, that is mainly caused by meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Intense pulsed light (IPL) devices employ high intensity pulses of polychromatic lights with a broad range of wavelength (515-1200 nm). IPL treatment has been utilized for years in the field of dermatology, and then its use was applied to ophthalmology for the treatment of MGD. Recently, a new device employing IPL was specifically designed for the periocular application. This procedure determines the thermal selective coagulation and ablation of superficial blood vessels and telangiectasias of the eyelids skin, reducing the release of inflammatory mediators and tear cytokines levels, and improving meibomian glands outflow. IPL treatment is noninvasive and easy to perform, lasts for only a few minutes and can be conducted in an office setting. In the present study, 19 patients underwent 3 sessions of IPL treatment. After treatment, both mean noninvasive break-up time and lipid layer thickness grade significantly increased, as a result of an improvement of tear film stability and quality, respectively. Conversely, no statistically significant changes were found for meibomian gland loss and tear osmolarity. Furthermore, the vast majority of the treated patients (17/19; 89.5% of the total) perceived an improvement of their ocular discomfort symptoms after IPL treatment. Although IPL treatment provides an improvement of both ocular surface parameters and ocular discomfort symptoms after one cycle of three sessions, regular repeated treatments are usually required to maintain the persistence over the time of its beneficial effects.
Zinc-seamed pyrogallol[4]arene dimers as structural components in a two-dimensional MOF (2014)

Computational methods were used as a proof of principle in the synthesis of a two-dimensional coordination polymer constructed from zinc-seamed pyrogallol[4]arene dimeric nanocapsules and 4,4′-bipyridine.
Relative 3D positioning and 3D convex hull computation from a weakly calibrated stereo pair (2002)

The authors show some very recent results using the weak-calibration idea. Assuming that only the epipolar geometry is known of a pair of stereo images, encoded in the so-called fundamental matrix, it is shown that some useful three-dimensional information such as relative positions of points and planes and 3-D convex hulls can be computed. The notion of visibility is introduced, which allows deriving those properties. Results of both synthetic and real data are shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis of positively and negatively charged silver nanoparticles and their deposition on the surface of titanium (2016)

Bacterial infections related to dental implants are currently a significant complication. A good way to overcome this challenge is functionalization of implant surface with Ag nanoparticles (NPs) as antibacterial agent. This article aims at review the synthesis routes, size and electrical properties of AgNPs. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) were used as stabilizers. Dynamic Light Scattering, Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) have been used to characterize the prepared AgNPs. Two types of NPs were synthesized in aqueous solutions: PVP-stabilized NPs with a diameter of the metallic core of 70 ± 20 nm, and negative charge of -20 mV, PEI-stabilized NPs with the size of the metallic core of 50 ± 20 nm and positive charge of +55 mV. According to SEM results, all the NPs have a spherical shape. Functionalization of the titanium substrate surface with PVP and PEI-stabilized AgNPs was carried out by dropping method. XRD patterns revealed that the AgNPs are crystalline with the crystallite size of 14 nm.
THz emission Microscopy with sub-wavelength broadband source (2008)

A versatile THz/IR near field microscope is demonstrated. Collecting the scattered light from a THz in-situ subwavelength source, this microscope provides images with resolution better than lambda/10. The physical origin of the contrast is explained by a Mie scattering diffraction model. Owing to the classical nature of this microscope working in the near field, resolution of THz/IR images is improved using deconvolution process.
A technique for combining equalization with generalized differential detection (2002)

A generalized differential coherent detection technique combined with equalization for data transmission over intersymbol interference (ISI) channels is considered when carrier phase tracking is difficult. In the absence of ISI, the SNR performance of this generalized differential coherent structure is very close to the coherent detection bound. The authors present the integration of this generalized differential detection method with channel equalization, and therefore extend the applications of this detection technique to channels with ISI. It is shown that for high SNR, the performance degradation of this structure with respect to coherent detection and equalization is negligible. Analysis and computer simulation results show that this combined detection/equalization technique is an effective solution to the ISI problem when carrier phase tracking is difficult.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
OPLS methods for the analysis of hyperspectral images—comparison with MCR‐ALS (2014)

Two new, orthogonal projections to latent structures (OPLS) based methods were proposed to analyze hyperspectral images, enabling the visualization of multiple chemical compounds in one matrix without the need of extensive preprocessing. Both proposed methods delivered images representing the chemical distribution in the ribbon similar to the more traditional multivariate curve resolution–alternating least squares (MCR‐ALS) method, but their image background was less dynamic resulting in a stronger chemical contrast. This indicated that the methods successfully removed structured variation orthogonal to the chemical information (pure spectra of individual compounds), which was confirmed by the fact that physical scattering effects caused by grooves and edges were captured in the images visualizing the orthogonal components of the model. Hereby, the OPLS‐based method employing the pure spectra as weights in the OPLS algorithm was more successful in distinguishing compounds with a similar spectral signal than the transposed OPLS algorithm (pure spectra of individual compounds were used as response in OPLS model). It should be noted that for the main compounds, the MCR‐ALS method enabled easier visual interpretation compared to the OPLS‐based methods by setting all values below zero to zero, resulting in a higher contrast between pixels containing the studied compound and pixels not containing that compound. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: ZWEIKERNIGE UEBERGANGSMETALL‐KOMPLEXE MIT EINEM GEWOEHNLICHEN UNGESAETTIGTEN LIGANDEN (1973)

Abstract Da sich an Übergangsmetallatome koordinierte in ihrem chemischen Ver wesentlich von freien Liganden unterscheiden und dieser Unterschied du gleichzeitige Koordination an zwei Metallatome noch verstärkt wird, lass zweikernige Komplexe mit Metall‐Metall‐Bindung überraschende Reaktio erhoffen.