gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of terrestrial lipid and protein sources and activated carbon-treated fish oil on levels of persistent organic pollutants and fatty acids in the flesh of Atlantic salmon (2013)

Reductions in flesh contaminant concentrations were evaluated in a 36-week feeding trial examining several dietary techniques. Atlantic salmon were fed one of seven dietary treatments for 24 weeks. These diets included a fishmeal, fish oil control diet, an industry control diet, three diets that examined a 75% replacement level of anchovy oil (AO) with flaxseed oil, canola oil and poultry fat, and two diets formulated to be low in contaminants formulated with canola oil, activated carbon-treated anchovy oil and canola protein concentrate or soy protein concentrate. Following this initial 24-week feeding interval, a 12-week finishing diet was utilized to restore the levels of omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFAs). The salmon had marked reductions in their flesh concentrations of total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxin-like PCBs and total toxic equivalents by the end of the grow-out phase, but also exhibited significant depressions in their flesh concentrations of n-3 HUFAs relative to 100AO-fed fish. The 12-week finishing diet period was effective in partially re-instating omega-3 levels to those present in the flesh lipids of fish fed 100AO while concurrently maintaining lower flesh contaminant concentrations.
CTR plasma engineering studies. Progress report, 1 September 1974--31 August 1975 (1975)

under study: charge-exchange losses during neutral beam injection; the dynamics of plasma build-up during start-up; new approaches to mirror systems such as the ''twin-beam'' mirror. (3) Exploratory studies. Several new studies have been initiated during this period. These include: extension of the mirror neutral-beam injection studies to toroidal geometry and preliminary studies of reversed field configurations. Further details about each of these areas are contained in subsequent sections.
OP032 Efficacy and safety of oral tofacitinib as maintenance therapy in patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis: results from a phase 3 randomised controlled trial (2017)

Background: Tofacitinib is an oral, small molecule Janus kinase inhibitor that is being investigated for ulcerative colitis (UC). Efficacy and safety of tofacitinib 10 mg twice daily (BID) were reported in OCTAVE Induction 1 & 2 [1]. Methods: OCTAVE Sustain (NCT01458574) was a Phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo (PBO) -controlled study that enrolled PBO or tofacitinib patients (pts) who completed OCTAVE Induction 1 or 2 with at least clinical response (≥3 points and ≥30% decrease from baseline (BL) Mayo score plus a decrease in rectal bleeding subscore of ≥1 or absolute rectal bleeding subscore ≤1). Pts were re-randomised (1:1:1) to maintenance treatment with PBO (N=198), tofacitinib 5 (N=198) or 10 mg BID (N=197) for 52 weeks (wks). The primary endpoint was remission (total Mayo score ≤2, no subscore >1, rectal bleeding subscore of 0) at Wk 52. Key secondary endpoints were mucosal healing (Mayo endoscopic subscore ≤1) at Wk 52, and sustained steroid-free remission (remission at Wks 24 and 52; no steroid use ≥4 wks prior to each visit) among pts in remission at BL. Results: At Wk 52, tofacitinib 5 and 10 mg BID had significantly greater effect vs PBO for the primary endpoint of remission, and secondary endpoints of mucosal healing, clinical response as well as sustained remission, sustained mucosal healing and sustained clinical response (Table; p<0.001 all comparisons). Among pts in remission at BL, both tofacitinib groups had significantly higher proportions of pts with sustained steroid-free remission vs PBO (p<0.001 all comparisons). Adverse event (AE), serious AE and serious infection rates were similar among all groups. Despite more frequent infections with tofacitinib vs PBO, discontinuations due to AEs were numerically lower for tofacitinib vs PBO. A dose dependent increase in herpes zoster (HZ) rate was observed. There were no deaths, malignancies (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) or intestinal perforation AEs in either tofacitinib group. Changes in lipid and creatine kinase levels were consistent with results from tofacitinib studies in other populations. Conclusions: Tofacitinib 5 and 10 mg BID were significantly more effective vs PBO as maintenance therapy over 52 wks in pts with moderately to severely active UC. Despite a dose-dependent increase in HZ, overall, AE rates were similar among both tofacitinib groups. No new safety findings emerged from those previously reported in studies of rheumatoid arthritis. References: [1] Sandborn WJ et al, (2016), Efficacy and safety of oral tofacitinib as induction therapy in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis: results from 2 phase 3 randomised controlled trials, J Crohns Colitis, 10: S15
Multifactorial Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases in Middle-aged Men (1985)

In a randomized five-year multifactorial primary prevention trial of vascular diseases, hyperlipidemias, hypertension, smoking, obesity, and abnormal glucose tolerance of the high-risk test group (n = 612 men) were treated with dietetic-hygienic measures and hypolipidemic (mainly probucol and clofibrate) and antihypertensive (mainly diuretics and beta-blockers) agents. A matched high-risk control group (n = 610) and a low-risk control group (n = 593) were not treated. The program markedly improved the risk factor status, yet the five-year coronary incidence tended to be higher in the intervention group than in the control group (3.1% vs 1.5%), while the stroke incidence was significantly reduced (1.3% vs 0%). The coronary events tended to be accumulated in subgroups treated with beta-blocking agents or clofibrate, but there were few in those receiving probucol or diuretics. Thus, the intervention program significantly reduced development of stroke, but the occurrence of cardiac events was not prevented. Possible adverse drug effects offsetting the probable benefit of improved risk profile are not excluded.
Subharmonic Squelch Effect (1966)

It was shown [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 39, 1253(A) (1966)] that, between the approximate frequency limits of 750 and 3000 Hz, odd fractional subharmonics can be elicited in chinchilla ears. This type of subharmonic vibration was shown to originate in the inner ear owing to mechanical nonlinearities. Undertones were recordable both in cochlear microphonic and in the sound field radiated by the tympanic membrane. If a secondary tone coexists with the fundamental (which generates the subharmonic), then it can interfere with the subharmonic, and under appropriate conditions it can completely disrupt this nonlinear vibration. This disruption of a subharmonic oscillation by the presence of a secondary tone is termed subharmonic squelch effect. It is shown that the squelch effect is strongly dependent upon the frequency separation between the subharmonic and the secondary tone, as well as upon the intensity of the latter. Comparison is made between the squelch effect and the interference phenomenon [E. Wever, C. Bray, and M. Lawrence, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 12, 268–280 (1940)], and the two are shown to be of completely different nature. [Work supported by the National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.]
Two Complimentary Methods For Aligning Linear Arrays (1986)

Two complimentary methods for aligning a linear array of detectors are described. The alignment procedure effectively projects a set of reference coordinators as defined by the intersection of a laser beam with the interface of a pair of matched cube beamsplitters. The fractional (radiometric) error associated with this alignment procedure should be much less than 0.1%.
Effect of beraprost sodium (TRK-100) on acetic acid-induced skin ulcer. (1989)

Effect of beraprost sodium (TRK-100), a stable PGI2 analog, on experimentally induced skin ulcer was studied in rats. An experimental skin ulcer was developed by intradermal injection of acetic acid. Injection of glacial acetic acid to the skin in the left hind leg instep of rats resulted in the necrosis of the skin, and a skin ulcer developed in 3 days. The ulcer area reached its peak on the 5th day, and recovered to its control level within 4 weeks. The effects of TRK-100 and indomethacin on the ulcer were tested. TRK-100 showed suppressive effects on the development of the ulcer. A dose of 30 micrograms/kg (p.o.) accelerated healing of the ulcer when scored macroscopically on the 9th or 15th day. At a dose of 100 micrograms/kg (p.o.), it reduced the development of the ulcer and accelerated healing with statistical significance from the 5th day and thereafter. Indomethacin also reduced the development of the ulcer and accelerated healing with statistical significance from the 7th day and thereafter. These results suggest TRK-100 may be effective on the inhibition of the development and accelerated the healing of the skin ulcer formed in various pathological states.
‘Star‐like’ defects in Cd‐annealed CdZnTe crystals—an experimental study of their origin and formation mechanism (2013)

Abstract We conducted low‐temperature annealing experiments at temperatures slightly above and below the melting point of Te to clarify the effects of the state of Te inclusions (solid or liquid) upon the formation of ‘star‐like’ defects in Cd‐annealed CdZnTe (CZT). We also carried out post‐growth annealing experiments with and without using Cd vapor to clarify the mechanism of formation of such defects. We demonstrated that these ‘star‐like’ defects are due to the reaction between in‐diffused Cd atoms and the molten Te inclusions, but we found no observable ‘one‐to‐one’ correlation between ‘star‐like’ defects and Te inclusions. The non‐uniform distribution of Te inclusions in the CZT matrix could account for this phenomenon since the punching distance of the dislocations depends on the volume fraction of inclusions within the matrix.
Multiphoton‐Ionization‐Mass Spectrometry (MUPI‐MS) [New Analytical Methods (34)] (1988)

Abstract Mass spectrometry is one of the most important analytical tools in chemistry, biology, medicine and related areas. During the past 30 years, methods have been developed, both for the qualitative as well as the quantitative analysis of a wide variety of substances. The introduction of lasers into chemistry has also profited mass spectrometry, since its nonlinear properties and its tunability open up fundamentally new frontiers. Multiphoton ionization mass spectrometry combines UV‐spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, thus providing a two‐dimensional method that enables substance‐specific and even state‐specific analyses. This progress report presents the fundamentals and possibilities of MUPI mass spectrometry and discusses investigations on amino acids, peptides, chlorophylls and sugars. For each substance, multiphoton ionization can be tuned in such a way that only the molecular ion is formed. An increase of laser intensity induces substance‐specific fragmentations of the molecule, thus contributing to a quick and easy identification of the substance.
Importance of an Early HIV Antibody Differentiation Immunoassay for Detection of Dual Infection with HIV-1 and HIV-2 (2016)

The alternative CDC strategy would have missed the concomitant HIV-2 infection in at least 7, but probably even more, of the 9 dually infected patients, as the detectable HIV-1 RNA would have precluded a supplemental ADI. Early ADI is mandatory for diagnosis of dual HIV-1/HIV-2 infection and guidance of appropriate therapy.
Continuous Measurement and Rapid Kinetics of ATP Synthesis in Rat Liver Mitochondria, Mitoplasts and Inner Membrane Vesicles Determined by Firefly‐Luciferase Luminescence (1976)

Oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria, the mitoplast or inner membrane-matrix fraction, and inverted inner membrane vesicles was studied with firefly luciferase luminescence. All preparations showed relatively high ATP/O ratios under initial reaction conditions in the presence of Mg2+, but only intact mitochondria demonstrated significant respiratory control. Mitochondria and mitoplasts, but not vesicles, catalyzed nearly complete conversion of ADP to ATP. Vesicles converted between 50% and 70% of added ADP to ATP establishing a phosphate potential of 9.8 to 10.5 kcal/mol (43.9 kJ/mol). In "loosely coupled" submitochondrial systems which do not display respiratory control, the phosphate potential appears to be a useful parameter of the integrity of the phosphorylating membrane, while ATP/O ratios may be dependent on the relative concentrations of ADP and ATP in the reaction medium. The rapid kinetics of oxidative synthesis of ATP by inverted inner membrane vesicles was investigated in stopped-flow rapid-mixing experiments. After an oxygen pulse to reduced vesicles, ATP synthesis commenced within 20 ms. In antimycin-inhibited vesicles, ATP synthesis resulting from the rapid oxidation of the terminal portion of the respiratory chain commenced within 20ms and took approximately 100 ms for half completion. Since half oxidation of the terminal portion of the respiratory chain occurs within a few milliseconds, ATP synthesis resulting from such redox reactions must occur over a significantly longer time course than the redox reactions themselves.
3 Tesla and 7 Tesla MRI of Multiple Sclerosis (2010)

Cortical lesions are prevalent in multiple sclerosis but are poorly detected using MRI. The double inversion recovery (DIR) sequence is increasingly used to explore the clinical relevance of cortical demyelination. Here we evaluate the agreement between imaging sequences at 3 Tesla (T) and 7T for the presence and appearance of individual multiple sclerosis cortical lesions. Eleven patients with demyelinating disease and eight healthy volunteers underwent MR imaging at 3T (fluid attenuated inversion recovery [FLAIR], DIR, and T1-weighted magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo [MP-RAGE] sequences) and 7T (T1-weighted MP-RAGE). There was good agreement between images for the presence of mixed cortical lesions (involving both gray and white matter). However, agreement between imaging sequences was less good for purely intracortical lesions. Even after retrospective analysis, 25% of cortical lesions could only be visualized on a single MRI sequence. Several DIR hyperintensities thought to represent cortical lesions were found to correspond to signal arising from extracortical blood vessels. High-resolution 7T imaging appeared useful for confidently classifying the location of lesions in relation to the cortical/subcortical boundary. We conclude that DIR, FLAIR, and MP-RAGE imaging sequences appear to provide complementary information during the detection of multiple sclerosis cortical lesions. High resolution 7T imaging may facilitate anatomical localization of lesions in relation to the cortical boundary.
Fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and antithymocyte globulin for matched related and unrelated allogeneic stem cell transplant in severe aplastic anemia (2010)

Twenty severe aplastic anemia (SAA) patients underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) with fludarabine (FLU), cyclophosphamide and antithymocyte globulin from a matched related (n=7, age ≥ 40) or unrelated donor (n=13, any age). Median age was 34 years (range 1–59). Median time from diagnosis to allo-SCT was 12 months (range 2–244). Seventeen out of 19 evaluable patients engrafted (90%). There were two secondary graft failures (10%). Median time to neutrophil recovery was 15 days (range 8–30). Chimerism studies indicated ≥90% donor-derived engraftment in 16/19 evaluable patients (75%). Four out of 20 patients (20%) developed acute (grade II–IV) GVHD, and 6/16 evaluable patients (37%) developed chronic GVHD. We observed EBV reactivation and viremia in seven patients, which was successfully treated with rituximab in all but one instance (where it was self-limiting). Thirteen patients (62%) are alive (including eight of the last nine treated) with a median follow-up of 30 months (range 3–112). Seven patients expired (graft rejection n=1, GVHD n=1, multiorgan failure n=1, infection n=2, EBV post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder/PTLD n=2). Total body irradiation-free, FLU-based conditioning for matched related and unrelated allo-SCT is feasible with high engraftment rates. EBV PTLD remains a drawback of this approach.
Stable Isotope Labeling of Prodiginines and Serratamolides Produced by <i>Serratia marcescens</i> Directly on Agar and Simultaneous Visualization by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Imaging High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (2018)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging high-resolution mass spectrometry (MALDI-imaging-HRMS) is an important technique for visualizing the spatial distribution of compounds directly on the surface of organisms such as microorganisms, insects, plants, animals, and human tissues. However, MALDI-imaging-HRMS and the stable isotope labeling approach have never been combined for the detection and simultaneous visualization of labeled and unlabeled compounds, their analogues and derivatives, as well as their precursors. Herein, we present a methodology that labels microbial secondary metabolites directly on agar with stable isotopes and allows concurrent spatial distribution analyses by MALDI-imaging-HRMS. Using a thin film of labeled agar supplemented with [1-<sup>13</sup>C]-l-proline, [methyl-D<sub>3</sub>]-l-methionine, <sup>15</sup>NH<sub>4</sub>Cl, or [<sup>15</sup>N]-l-serine overlaid on unlabeled agar, we demonstrate the incorporation of labeled precursors into prodiginines and serratamolides produced by an endophytic bacterium, Serratia marcescens, by MALDI-imaging-HRMS and HPLC-HRMS. Further, we show the incorporation of CD<sub>3</sub> into prodigiosin as well as its characteristic fragments directly by MALDI-imaging-HRMS<sup>2</sup>. Our methodology has several advantages over currently existing techniques. First, both labeled and unlabeled compounds can be visualized simultaneously in high spatial resolution along with their labeled and unlabeled precursors. Second, by using a thin film of labeled agar, we utilize minimum amounts of expensive labeled compounds (1-3 mg) ensuring a cost-effective method for investigating biosynthetic pathways. Finally, our method allows in situ visualization and identification of target and nontarget compounds without the need of isolating the compounds. This is important for compounds that are produced by microorganisms in low, physiologically, or ecologically relevant concentrations.
The Impact of User Mobility Patterns on Opportunistic Content Distribution Network (2007)

Understanding the impact of mobility on opportunistic network is a challenging problem. This paper focuses on analyzing the impact of specific type of mobility characteristic, namely user mobility patterns. We base our analysis on opportunistic temporal-pairing access network (OPAN), an opportunistic content distribution framework that utilizes both pairings between nodes and infrastructure-based wireless network. Focusing our study to explore the impact of peak hour traffic (i.e. due to human mobility patterns involving routines and schedules) and hence node density (clustering) on opportunistic content distribution paradigm, we introduce two models based on a rail public transportation model, namely random train model and peak hour train model. Our simulation results show that peak hour traffic increases the downlink traffic (i.e. uses more downlink capacity) in OPAN however provides faster diffusion time for nodes to download content. Our simulation results further suggests that mobility patterns with high node clustering is more beneficial for content distribution in mobile opportunistic networks due to higher chance of forming direct pairing between nodes.
[Reduction of coronary events: what are the possible mechanisms?]. (1995)

Clinical studies have shown that lipid-lowering therapy reduces the incidence of cardiovascular events. However, lesion regression is relatively minor and does not seem to reflect the clear improvement in clinical events. Normalization of the lipid profile correlates with a reduction in atheromatous plaque complications. The responsible mechanisms for such reduction are diverse and are the subject of extensive research.
S‐Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase Inhibitors As a Source of Anti‐Filovirus Agents (2005)

There is evidence that upon infection, the filoviruses inhibit the natural production of interferon in the host cells. This effect can be reversed by the carbocyclic nucleoside 3-deazaneplanocin A and, possibly, 3-deazaristeromycin, which are inhibitors of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. This effect is further manifested in blocking viral mRNA processing. This chapter outlines the infectious properties of the filoviruses Ebola and Marburg; the current status of therapeutic (vaccine and drug) development; the role that interferon immunotherapy can play in therapy design; the biochemical stages associated with inhibiting viral mRNA and its relationship to anti-filoviral agents; and, the status of the current efforts to avail significant amounts of 3-deasaneplanocin A and 3-deazaristeromycin for further therapeutic investigations.
Ultra-low Volume Aerial Applications of Bacillus thuringiensis Variety kurstaki for Control of Peach Twig Borer in Almonds Trees (1995)

This study describes the first known commercial use of an ultra-low volume (ULV), Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) application on an orchard in California and compares different methods used to sample deposition of Bt within the canopy and orchard floor during prebloom and bloomtime applications.
Cultured Autologous Epithelium in Patients with Burns of Ninety Percent or More of the Body Surface (1995)

The initial enthusiasm for CAE has been tempered by demonstrations of low-initial engraftment rates, graft fragility, delayed graft loss, and cost. Such liabilities become more tolerable as usable donor site decreases below 5% to 10% of the body surface. CAE can materially contribute to wound closure in patients with very extensive burns, but gram-negative sepsis is associated with complete graft loss.
Advanced Heart Failure Treatment Options Among the Elderly (2016)

The aging human population has emerged as a critically important factor in health care, not only due to the unique physiologic and pathologic processes associated with aging but also because of the evolution of medical and surgical therapies that have increased quality and quantity of life. Heart failure is a disease found most commonly among older populations in whom it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Heart failure disproportionately affects the elderly, and it stands to reason that the most terminal stage, known as advanced heart failure (AHF), is more common among the elderly. Despite limited data, treatment options for AHF patients, including heart transplantation and left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy, have demonstrated improved quality and quantity of life. Similarly, a well-structured palliative care program may offer symptom relief and social support without the need for high-risk surgical options. Furthermore, as the therapeutic window (risk/benefit ratio) is narrower among elderly patients, the potential for positive outcomes from AHF options must be carefully evaluated together with patient-specific risks in the context of palliative care discussions. Therefore, the decision to leverage these options must be balanced with not only age, but also frailty, comorbidities, and cognition, functional, social and nutritional status to determine the right candidates for each therapy. This review strives to inform providers on the relevant considerations when leveraging AHF options among elderly patients. We conclude by providing a personalized model for care developed at a large tertiary care hospital that has performed more than 1,600 AHF procedures (870 heart transplants, 745 LVADs).