gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
165. Nucleotides. Part XL. O<sup>2</sup>: 5′-cyclouridine and a synthesis of isocytidine (1957)

D. M. Brown, A. R. Todd and S. Varadarajan, J. Chem. Soc., 1957, 868 DOI: 10.1039/JR9570000868
<scp>T</scp>c17 cells are associated with cigarette smoke‐induced lung inflammation and emphysema (2015)

Long-term cigarette smoke exposure induced Tc17 cell expansion both locally and distally, which was associated with emphysema and deoxyribonucleic acid damage. As an important source of IL-17A, this T cell subset may be a potential target for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease therapy.
Selenocysteine derivative overcomes TRAIL resistance in melanoma cells: evidence for ROS-dependent synergism and signaling crosstalk (2014)

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), as one of the most promising targeted drug for new cancer therapeutics, is limited in clinical application by the evolution of resistance in many cancer cell lines, especially in malignant melanoma. Thus, it is urgently needed to identify chemosensitizers to enhance the apoptotic inducing efﬁcacy of TRAIL and overcome resistance of malignant melanoma cells. Herein, we reported that 3,3'-diselenodipropionic acid (DSeA), a Selenocysteine derivative, could synergistically enhance the growth inhibitory effect of TRAIL on A375 melanoma cells though induction of ROS-dependent apoptosis with involvement of PTEN-mediated Akt inactivation and DNA damage-mediated p53 phosphorylation, which subsequently activated mitochondrial and death receptor apoptotic pathways. Moreover, silencing of p53 down-regulated the expression levels of p53-inducible genes, and effectively blocked the cell apoptosis. Suppression of PI3K signiﬁcantly increased the apoptotic cell death. In contrast, antioxidants effectively reversed the cell apoptosis through regulation of Akt and p53 signaling pathways. Taken together, the combination of DSeA and TRAIL could be a novel strategy to overcome TRAIL resistance in malignant melanoma, and DSeA may be candidates for further evaluation as a chemosensitizer in clinical trails.
Pernicious placenta previa complicated with placenta percreta: analysis of 3 cases and literature renew (2011)

Objective To investigate the treatment and surgical appoach of pernicious placenta previa complicated with placenta percreta so as to enhance the prognosis of the pregnancy women and their babies.Methods The clinical datas were reviewed and analyzed of three women with pernicious placenta previa complicated with placenta percreta in our hospital in the past two years.Results A total of 5002 pregnancy women were admitted to deliver in our hospital in past two years.Three cases were suspected with placenta percreta.One of them had history of cesarean section and abortion once respectively ; Another one had history of cesarean section and abortion twice respectively ; The third one had history of spontaneous delivery,cesarean section and abortion once respectively.With B-ultrasound,two of them were suspected with placenta percreta,all of them were in the diagnosis of postoperative pathologic diagnosis.The gestational age of the 3 patients were 34 +5,32 +5,34 +5 weeks respectively.One case had cesarean section and complete hysterectomy,one case had cesarean section and supracervical hysterectomy,one case had cesarean section,abdominal aorta compression and ligation of uterine artery.Conclusions Time of pregnancy termination can be advanced to 32-34 weeks for the women with pernicious placenta previa.If the placenta percreta is suspected at the scar of previous cesarean section,sufficient preparation and surgical plans are needed preoperatively; Abdominal aorta compression and ligation of uterine artery are needed before placenta expulsion.

Key words: 
Pernicious placenta previa;  Placenta percreta;  Operation
Gestational Diabetes and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes (2002)

Conversion of GDM to type 2 diabetes varies with the length of follow-up and cohort retention. Adjustment for these differences reveals rapid increases in the cumulative incidence occurring in the first 5 years after delivery for different racial groups. Targeting women with elevated fasting glucose levels during pregnancy may prove to have the greatest effect for the effort required.
Indirect Macrophage Responses to Ionizing Radiation: Implications for Genotype-Dependent Bystander Signaling (2008)

In addition to the directly mutagenic effects of energy deposition in DNA, ionizing radiation is associated with a variety of untargeted and delayed effects that result in ongoing bone marrow damage. Delayed effects are genotype dependent with CBA/Ca mice, but not C57BL/6 mice, susceptible to the induction of damage and also radiation-induced acute myeloid leukemia. Because macrophages are a potential source of ongoing damaging signals, we have determined their gene expression profiles and we show that bone marrow-derived macrophages show widely different intrinsic expression patterns. The profiles classify macrophages derived from CBA/Ca mice as M1-like (pro-inflammatory) and those from C57BL/6 mice as M2-like (anti-inflammatory); measurements of NOS2 and arginase activity in normal bone marrow macrophages confirm these findings. After irradiation in vivo, but not in vitro, C57BL/6 macrophages show a reduction in NOS2 and an increase in arginase activities, indicating a further M2 response, whereas CBA/Ca macrophages retain an M1 phenotype. Activation of specific signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathways in irradiated hemopoietic tissues supports these observations. The data indicate that macrophage activation is not a direct effect of radiation but a tissue response, secondary to the initial radiation exposure, and have important implications for understanding genotype-dependent responses and the mechanisms of the hemotoxic and leukemogenic consequences of radiation exposure.
Specular Andreev reflection and magnetoresistance in graphene-based ferromagnet–superconductor hybrid systems (2008)

Spin-polarized transport of relativistic electrons through graphene-based ferromagnet/insulator/superconductor single and double junctions has been investigated on the basis of the Dirac–Bogoliubov–de Gennes equation. We have presented a comparative study on two kinds of cases: in the presence and in the absence of specular Andreev reflection. Although both the magnetoresistance (MR) and conductance are oscillating functions of the effective barrier potential and the thickness of the superconductive graphene (SG) layer for the two kinds of cases, some differences in features have also been found. In the presence of specular Andreev reflection, the MR decreases quickly with an increase of the thickness of the SG layer, and negative MR can be observed, which is in contrast to the case for the absence of specular Andreev reflection. It is interesting that the resonance peak of the MR can appear at a certain bias voltage due to the retroreflection crossing over to specular Andreev reflection. This means that the MR can be tuned by an external bias voltage, which benefits spin-polarized electron devices based on graphene materials.
FOUR{{LEGGED ACTIVE POWER FILTER COMPENSATION FOR A UTILITY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (2004)

This paper presents a four-leg static converter to balance a three-phase four wire utility distribution system. The balancing strategy is based on a four-legged power converter used to provide a path for the neutral current due to an unbalanced load. The compensating technique uses a three-dimensional space vector modulation in the - - coordinate system. To validate the proposed approach, simulation results are presented and discussed. K e y w o r d s: three-phase-four wire, active lter, harmonics, three dimension, space vector modulation
RELAPS choked flow model and application to a large scale flow test. [BWR; PWR] (1980)

The RELAP5 code was used to simulate a large scale choked flow test. The fluid system used in the test was modeled in RELAP5 using a uniform, but coarse, nodalization. The choked mass discharge rate was calculated using the RELAP5 choked flow model. The calulations were in good agreement with the test data, and the flow was calculated to be near thermal equilibrium.
Tetrahydrocannabinol for tremor in multiple sclerosis (1983)

Based on one patient's enthusiastic report, eight patients with multiple sclerosis, seriously disabled with tremor and ataxia, were given oral tetrahydrocannabinol. Two demonstrated improved motor coordination.
On the Theory of Antenna Beam Shaping (1952)

The diffraction pattern of an aperture with amplitude distribution A(x) and phase function ψ(x) is examined for two cases: (1) controlled variation of the amplitude distribution with known uniform phase; (2) controlled variation of phase with known amplitude distribution. For Case 1, it is shown that a symmetrically tapered amplitude distribution produces a diffraction pattern with reduced secondary lobes, while an asymmetric amplitude distribution produces a shaped pattern. Thus, antenna beam shaping may be achieved by controlled variation of amplitude distribution in an aperture in which there is uniform phase. For Case 2, it is shown that a specified beam shape may be approximated by controlled variation of phase in the aperture when the amplitude distribution is known. The method of calculation is an extension of the method originally formulated by Chu for calculating cylindrical reflectors to transform a given primary radiation pattern to a specified shaped pattern. A general formulation of Chu's method for an amplitude distribution on a curved surface is developed. The theoretical results are applied to the design of progressive-phase antennas and experimental results given.
Petri net representations in metabolic pathways. (1993)

The present methods for representing metabolic pathways are limited in their ability to handle complex systems, incorporate new information, and to provide for drawing qualitative conclusions from the structure of pathways. The theory of Petri nets is introduced as a tool for computer-implementable representation of pathways. Petri nets have the potential to overcome the present limitations, and through a multitude of properties, enable the preliminary qualitative analysis of pathways.
Integration of Drive-by-Wire with Navigation Control for a Driverless Electric Race Car (2014)

This article presents the design and implementation of a drive-by-wire system and a navigation control system for an autonomous Formula SAE race car. The result is the development of a platform for research into autonomous driving which can be easily replicated. Drive-by-wire actuators for acceleration, braking and steering of the vehicle are discussed, as well as the embedded low-level control system. The high-level navigation system features sensor fusion of a 6-dof IMU with a standard GPS and the integration of an automotive LIDAR. Operation of the vehicle is via a multi-threaded program with asynchronous IO and is based upon recording and driving waypoints. In addition to independent safety interlocks, active safety systems are an integral part to both the drive-by-wire and navigation systems.
A comparative study of failure criteria in sheet metal forming analysis (2011)

Development of predictive capabilities of forming failure can help not only to reduce the experimental effort of formability characterization but also to accelerate the development of new or improved sheet metal alloys. This paper presents a comparative study on prediction of failures in sheet metals which leads to undesirable localized straining and/or fracture during the stamping process. The theoretical diffuse and localized necking models were applied. Several classical fracture criteria were also studied in the finite element analysis. All these models were used to predict the onset of failure and compare with the experimental cases. Comparison and validity of different failure criteria was discussed.
Harold Pinter: A conversation (1993)

Insecticides play a crucial role in controlling the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases and the development and spread of insecticide resistance is a major threat to sustainable control. Guidelines developed by the WHO to monitor for insecticide resistance recommend using 1-3 day old, non blood fed female mosquitoes. This standardisation facilitates comparison between different tests, which is important when monitoring for spatial or longitudinal variations in resistance in the field. However, mosquitoes of this age cannot transmit human pathogens. In order to transmit disease, the mosquito must live long enough to pick up the pathogen via a blood meal, survive the extrinsic incubation period and then pass on the pathogen during a subsequent blood meal. Previous studies have reported declines in insecticide resistance with mosquito age. If widely applicable this would have important implications for predictions of the impact of resistance that are based on results from WHO bioassays. This study investigated the impact of senescence and blood feeding on insecticide induced mortality in six different mosquito populations and found higher mortality after insecticide exposure in older mosquitoes in three populations of Aedes aegypti and two Anopheles gambiae populations. Age dependent changes in the expression of a known insecticide detoxification gene, GSTe2, and in the frequency of a target site mutation (kdr 1014F) were investigated in an attempt to explain the results.
Oxidation of PAHs in water solutions by ultraviolet radiation combined with hydrogen peroxide (1999)

The destruction of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): benzo[a]pyrene, chrysene and fluorene in aqueous solution using advanced oxidation process H 2 O 2 /UV was investigated. The influence of pH, initial hydrogen peroxide and radical scavenger concentrations on the reaction rate was studied. The oxidation reactions most rapidly run in neutral and acidic solution at optimal hydrogen peroxide concentration (ca. 0.01 M). The degradation of benzo[a]pyrene and chrysene follows radical reaction, for fluorene the mechanism is not clear. The rate constants of the hydroxyl radicals and selected PAHs reaction were found to be 2.53 × 10 10 , 9.82 × 10 9 and 2.77 × 10 9 M −1 S −1 for benzo[a]pyrene, chrysene and fluorene, respectively
Reduction of Artifacts Arising From Non-Ideal Gradients in Fast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2012)

This project focuses on the development and validation of techniques to reduce two image artifacts arising from gradient system imperfections in fast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These artifacts can severely compromise image quality and adversely affect clinical diagnoses.\n\n\nThe first artifact is a wrap-around artifact called the cusp artifact in a pulse sequence called fast spin echo (FSE). This artifact arises from gradient non-linearity away from the magnet isocenter, and appears as a line or ‘feather’ on non-axial FSE images of the spine or knee. To reduce this artifact, an FSE pulse sequence was modified to slightly tilt the slice selected by the radiofrequency (RF) excitation pulse away from the slice selected by the RF refocusing pulses. As a result, the signals from the artifact-prone region are reduced, while the signals from within the field of view are largely retained. This technique reduced the artifact intensity by 50~90% on phantom and volunteer images, and can be implemented on most MRI scanners without hardware modification, complicated calibration, sophisticated image reconstruction, or patient-handling alteration.\n\n\nThe second artifact is the Nyquist ghost, specifically as seen on images acquired using a class of pulse sequences called echo planar imaging (EPI)-based PROPELLER (EPI-PROPELLER). An EPI-PROPELLER image is acquired through multiple acquisitions, called 'blades', where every blade is acquired by using a distinct combination of the physical gradients. The Nyquist ghost, arising from three types of phase errors, occurs due to eddy currents in the gradients combined with anisotropy between gradient axes, and is modulated by the acquisition gradients, necessitating correction on a per-blade basis in EPI-PROPELLER. A time-efficient correction technique was developed to simultaneously reduce the ghost in EPI-PROPELLER sequences. Phase errors calculated from two or three reference scans, acquired along orthogonal physical gradient axes, were used to predict and correct phase errors for all blades. The phase correction technique reduced the Nyquist ghost to 0.5~5.0% on phantom and volunteer images. The ability to simultaneously and time-efficiently reduce the Nyquist ghost arising from different phase errors is expected to improve the robustness of EPI-PROPELLER sequences, particularly on MRI scanners with residual eddy currents and gradient anisotropy.
The Property Development Process (1996)

Property development is the process by which buildings are erected for occupation or for sale/investment. Owners may build premises for their own occupation, for example major retailers may erect supermarkets; alternatively, property developers may construct the same type of buildings for lease or sale. The process may be the same although some aspects of the financial appraisal may be different. A building offered for sale or investment is driven by a profit motive, a building for owner-occupation may be related to the profitability of the enterprise within the building and thus profit motivation may be redirected or constrained.
Reaction mechanisms for the photocatalytic isomerization and hydrogenation of cis-2-butene over titania (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction mechanisms for the photocatalytic isomerization and hydrogenation of cis-2-butene over titaniaSukeya Kodama and Shinji YagiCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 11, 4556–4561Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100348a033https://doi.org/10.1021/j100348a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views137Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A new approach to vector median filtering based on space filling curves (1997)

The availability of a wide set of multidimensional information sources in different application fields (e.g., color cameras, multispectral remote sensing imagery devices, etc.) is the basis for the interest of image processing research on extensions of scalar nonlinear filtering approaches to multidimensional data filtering. A new approach to multidimensional median filtering is presented. The method is structured into two steps. Absolute sorting of the vectorial space based on Peano space filling curves is proposed as a preliminary step in order to map vectorial data onto an appropriate one-dimensional (1-D) space. Then, a scalar median filtering operation is applied. The main advantage of the proposed approach is the computational efficiency of the absolute sorting step, which makes the method globally faster than existing median filtering techniques. This is particularly important when dealing with a large amount of data (e.g., image sequences). Presented results also show that the filtering performances of the proposed approach are comparable with those of vector median filters presented in the literature.
Synthesis and properties of copolypyromellitimides (1986)

Abstract Copolyamic acids with different proportions of diamine component were prepared by polymerizing different molar ratios of diamines—benzidine (B)/4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl ether (E) and p ‐phenylene diamine (P)/4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl methane (M)—with pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) in dimethylacetamide (DMAc) at room temperature. Diamine component can be arranged in regular sequence through various reaction processes, such as alternating, block, and partial block copolymers. In addition, it can also be arranged in random sequence to obtain random copolymers. Thermal cyclodehydration of polyamic acids results in the corresponding polyimides. Polymers are characterized by viscosity, thermal stability, crystallinity, and mechanical strength. It was found that an increase in the proportion of more flexible diamine component (such as E and M) incorporated in polymer chain results in copolyimides with better mechanical strength and causes a fall in viscosity of copolyamic acids and a decrease in thermal stability and crystallinity of copolyimides. Within the copolymers of the same composition, the thermal stability, crystallinity, and mechanical strength of ordered polymers are superior to those of random polymers. The results of viscosity measurements imply that the anhydride‐terminated prepolymer is easily destroyed by water in the solution, so that the ultimate viscosities of alternating and block copolyamic acids are inferior to those of random ones, but this phenomenon can be improved through the preparation of the partial block copolymers.
Prosodic Word Prediction Using the Lexical Information (2006)

As a basic prosodic unit, the prosodic word influences the naturalness and the intelligibility greatly. Although the relation between the lexicon word and the prosodic word has been widely discussed, the prosodic word prediction still cannot reach a high precision and recall. In this paper, the study shows the lexical features are more efficient in prosodic word prediction. Based on careful analysis on the mapping relationship and the difference between the lexicon words and the prosodic words, this paper proposes two methods to predict prosodic words from the lexicon words sequence. The first is a statistic probability model, which efficiently combines the local POS and word length information. Experiments show that by choosing appropriate threshold this statistic model can reach a high precision and high recall ratio. Another is an SVM-based method. In this SVM classifier, an efficient feature is introduced. Besides the POS and the word length features, the in-word-probability (IWP) is used. IWP means the probability of a lexicon word to be in a prosodic word. The precision and the recall ratio are improved greatly after using SVM classifier and the IWP feature.