gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The insulin-like effect of sodium vanadate on adipocyte glucose transport is mediated at a post-insulin-receptor level (1986)

Sodium vanadate has several insulin-like effects. To determine whether vanadate acts via the insulin receptor, I investigated the effect of vanadate on glucose transport (2-deoxyglucose uptake) in adipocytes that had been treated to decrease the number of insulin receptors. Trypsin (100 micrograms/ml) caused greater than 95% loss of 125I-insulin binding and rendered glucose transport resistant to both insulin and an anti-insulin-receptor antibody. However, vanadate caused an 8-fold increase in the transport rate [EC50 (concn. giving 50% of maximum effect) 0.2 mM] in both control and trypsin-treated cells, demonstrating that the insulin receptor does not have to be intact for vanadate to stimulate glucose transport. Insulin receptors were depleted by treatment of adipocytes with insulin (100 ng/ml) in the presence of Tris (which blocks receptor recycling). A 2 h treatment caused 60% loss of receptors, and a shift to the right in the dose-response curve for insulin stimulation of glucose transport (EC50 0.3 ng of insulin/ml in controls, 1.2 ng/ml in treated cells). The response to vanadate was again unaffected. Treatment with insulin for 4 h caused a 67% decrease in insulin binding and, in addition to the rightward shift in the insulin dose-response curve, a decrease in basal and maximal transport rates (which cannot be explained by decreased insulin receptor number). The EC50 of vanadate was again equal in control and treated cells, but glucose transport in the presence of a maximally effective concentration of vanadate (1 mM) was decreased. I conclude that the effect of vanadate on glucose transport is independent of the insulin receptor. Induction of a post-receptor defect (which may be a decrease in the total number of cellular glucose transporters) by prolonged exposure to insulin decreases the potency of a maximally effective concentration of vanadate. The findings demonstrate that vanadate stimulates glucose transport by an effect at a level distal to the insulin receptor.
Optimization of the Multilayer Structures for a High Field-Sensitivity Biochip Sensor Based on the Planar Hall Effect (2009)

We have investigated the planar Hall effect (PHE) in three multilayer structures such as a bilayer, a spin-valve and a weak exchange bias coupling bilayer structure introduced a very thin Cu spacer layer between the antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic layers. These thin films are Ta(3)/NiFe(10)/IrMn(10)/Ta(3) (nm), Ta(3)/NiFe(10)/Cu(1.2)/NiFe(2)/IrMn(10)/Ta(3) (nm), and Ta(3)/NiFe(10)/Cu(0.2)/IrMn(10)/Ta(3) (nm), respectively. The active layers in all three structures were kept constant. The field-sensitivity of the fabricated PHE sensors obtained for the respected structures are about 1.6 muV middot Oe <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> , 5 muV middot Oe <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> , and 12 muV middot Oe <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> , respectively. The results suggest that the sensor based on a weak exchange bias coupling structure has the highest field-sensitivity compared with the others. The proposed weak exchange bias coupling structure emphasizes for the development of the PHE sensor materials.
Litho-flow facies prediction in an alluvial fan/fluvial system, central North Sea (1999)

An existing generic facies scheme consisting of a channel, sheetflood and floodplain facies was available from the cored wells. Bivariate and multivariate analysis of various wireline and core data indicated that each generic facies exhibits wide variations and significant petrophysical overlap with other facies. This scheme cannot therefore reliably be applied using wireline data, negating its application in uncored intervals through discriminant analysis. Due to the large variation in porosity and permeability of each facies, the existing scheme does not permit adequate determination of the probable reservoir performance of the sediments. In order to address these problems a new "litho-flow" facies scheme has been constructed which can clearly be identified from wireline data thereby enabling it to be reliably extended beyond cored intervals. Each facies in the scheme exhibits a discrete range in porosity and permeability by which the probable flow characteristics of the sediments can be assessed and has successfully been used by reservoir engineers as input to a probabilistic reservoir modelling package. Finally, the predicted facies are valid in terms of the environment of deposition, assisting geologists in the correlation of units between wells for the establishment of a depositional model. The new facies scheme was formulated from a careful selection and processing of data to achieve the above. This included core descriptions, core porosity and permeability measurements, mineral volume analysis and porosity estimation from wireline data, permeability predictions and electrofacies from cluster analysis.
Relative bioavailability of the antioxidant flavonoid quercetin from various foods in man (1997)

Quercetin is a strong antioxidant and a major dietary flavonoid. Epidemiological studies suggest that consumption of quercetin protects against cardiovascular disease, but its absorption in man is controversial. We fed nine subjects a single large dose of onions, which contain glucose conjugates of quercetin, apples, which contain both glucose and non-glucose quercetin glycosides, or pure quercetin-3-rutinoside, the major quercetin glycoside in tea. Plasma levels were then measured over 36 h. Bioavailability of quercetin from apples and of pure quercetin rutinoside was both 30% relative to onions. Peak levels were achieved less than 0.7 h after ingestion of onions, 2.5 h after apples and 9 h after the rutinoside. Half-lives of elimination were 28 h for onions and 23 h for apples. We conclude that conjugation with glucose enhances absorption from the small gut. Because of the long half-lives of elimination, repeated consumption of quercetin-containing foods will cause accumulation of quercetin in blood.
Characterization of theL41 gene inCryptococcus neoformans: its application as a selectable transformation marker for cycloheximide resistance (2000)

A transformation system using resistance to the antibiotic cycloheximide as a dominant selectable marker was developed for the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans. A 3.5 kb DNA fragment containing a gene encoding the ribosomal protein L41 was cloned from a wild-type strain of C. neoformans which is sensitive to cycloheximide. The open reading frame of the L41 gene contains five introns and encodes a protein of 107 amino acids, which is similar to those reported for other yeasts. The cycloheximide resistance gene to be used as a marker was constructed by replacing a DNA segment of the wild-type L41 gene, which contained the amino acid proline at its 56th position with a homologous DNA segment from a mutant strain resistant to cycloheximide that contained leucine in that position. Cycloheximide resistant transformants were obtained by electroporation on YEPD plates, supplemented with 10-20 microg/ml cycloheximide, at a maximum efficiency of 300 transformants/microg plasmid DNA. While with other genes, most transformants of serotype D in C. neoformans maintain the transforming DNA as episomes, the cycloheximide-resistant transformants were all the result of ectopic genomic integration events.
New wavelengths of the YAlO&lt;inf&gt;3&lt;/inf&gt;: Er laser (1987)

In addition to the 1.662 μm laser transition, stimulated emission at three new wavelengths at 1.677, 1.706, and 1.729μm have been observed at 300 K in the YAlO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> :Er crystal with an activator concentration of 1.25 weight percent.
Stable <i>N, N</i>′‐Di‐<i>tert</i>‐butyl‐meta‐phenylene‐bisnitroxides—Unexpected Ground‐State Singlets (1992)

In contrast to m-xylylene and related diradicals, bisnitroxide 1 has a singlet ground state according to ESR spectroscopic investigations. Diradical 1 can be isolated as two stable atropoisomers. In both, the free electron is possibly localized on the oxygen atom, because conjugation is prevented by the steric hindrance of the methyl groups. The parent compound with an unsubstituted benzene ring has a triplet ground state.
Atorvastatin has distinct effects on endothelial markers in different mouse models of atherosclerosis. (2006)

Atherosclerosis is a progressive process that initially involves endothelial dysfunction. We investigated the effects of atorvastatin on both lipid parameters, and VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression in apoE-deficient or wild type C57BL/6J mice.The C57BL/6J mice were fed with either chow or an atherogenic diet for 12 weeks. Male apoE-deficient mice were fed with the chow diet for 12 weeks. In 3 atorvastatin treated groups mice were fed the same diet as described above except atorvastatin was added to the diet at the dosage of 10 mg/kg per day for the last 8 weeks before euthanasia.Biochemical analysis showed that atorvastatin significantly decreased total cholesterol levels and VLDL in C57BL/6J mice fed with atherogenic diet but increased serum lipid levels in apoE-deficient mice. Stereological analysis of the immunohistochemical staining revealed that atorvastatin reduced endothelial expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 only in C57BL/6J mice on chow diet.We have demonstrated that endothelial expression of both VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 does not correlate with cholesterol levels in these mice. Moreover, we showed that 8-week administration of atorvastatin decrease endothelial expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in C57BL/6J wild type mice beyond its lipid lowering effect but not in C57BL/6J wild type mice fed by atherogenic diet or in apoE-deficient mice.
Guanfacine in Children with Autism and/or Intellectual Disabilities (2008)

While guanfacine appears to be an alternative to psychostimulants among children with developmental disabilities, clinicians need to remain vigilant to the possibility of side effects.
24 The Physiology of Tropisms (1994)

Since the historic work of Darwin (1896), one of the driving forces in the field of plant physiology has been the study of tropisms. Tropisms are directed growth responses to environmental stimuli such as light, gravity, temperature (heat), and water. Thus, the tropism by the plant is an integrated response to a number of pieces of information concerning the status of the plant’s environment. Tropisms have been widely studied, largely because they are obvious outward evidence of the processing of information by the plant. Despite the great interest in tropisms by plant biologists during the past century, progress in this area has not been rapid. This can be partially attributed to the fact that many studies have been limited to observations of the final growth response of the organism as a consequence of the manipulation of the environmental stimulus. It seems clear that an understanding of the steps between the stimulus and the final growth response will require new approaches to the problem. In recognition of this requirement for new approaches to understanding tropisms, and in recognition of the promise of Arabidopsis thaliana for genetics and molecular genetics, this plant was adapted as a model system for sensory physiology study slightly more than a decade ago. Since that time, research efforts have been directed toward the biophysical definition of tropisms in this model plant system and the development of genetic systems for their study. In this chapter, our goal is to describe the present state of information concerning tropisms in...
Preparation and Characterisation of Mixed (Ca+Ba+Cu) Hydroxylapatites (1984)

Department of Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Applied Chemistry, 0. M. College, Sambalpur-768 004 Department of Chemistry, Panchayat College Bargarh, Sambalpur <em>Manuscript received 16 June 1982, revised 5 March 1984, accepted 20 September 1984</em> Preparation and Characterisation of Mixed (Ca+Ba+Cu) Hydroxylapatites
Rapid Measurements of 222Rn Concentrations in Water With a Commercial Liquid Scintillation Counter (1977)

A technique is described by which concentrations of 222Rn in water as low as 10 pCi/l can be determined by a 40-min count of a 10-ml sample. Preparation time is about 1 min/sample, and no special equipment is required other than access to a commercial liquid scintillation system.
A New Modified Orbitron Pump (1974)

A new modified orbitron pump is described. The pump employs two filaments. One filament is utilised to inject electrons in the radial electrostatic field with an aim to sublime titanium cylinders on the central anode. The other filament injects electrons of large average path length into the orbits so as to ionise the gas effectively. Thus the sublimation and the ionisation functions have been separated. The pump also consists of a grid mounted coaxially between the anode and the pump body. The grid is suitably biased to impart additional energy to the positive ions which are efficiently trapped onto the continuously replenished titanium surface on the wall of the pump, thereby increasing the speeds for inert gases. Measurements on this pump indicate a 47% to 66% increase in the speed for helium over the conventional orbitron pump.
Proxy cache management for fine-grained scalable video streaming (2004)

Caching video objects at proxies close to clients has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. To meet diverse client bandwidth conditions, there have been research efforts to combine proxy caching with video layering or transcoding. Nevertheless, these adaptive systems suffer from either coarse adaptation granularity due to the inflexible structures of existing layered coders or high computation overhead due to the transcoding operations. In this paper, we propose a novel adaptive video caching framework that enables low-cost and fine-grained adaptation. The innovative approach employs the MPEG-4 fine-grained scalable (FGS) video with postencoding rate control. We demonstrate that the proposed framework is both network aware and media adaptive: clients can be of heterogeneous streaming rates, and the backbone bandwidth consumption can be adaptively controlled. We also examine the design and management issues in the framework, in particular, the optimal stream portions to cache and the optimal streaming rate to each client. Simulation results demonstrate that, compared to nonadaptive caching, the proposed framework with optimal cache management not only achieves significant reduction on transmission costs but also enables flexible utility assignment for the heterogeneous clients. Meanwhile, its computational overhead is kept at a low level, implying that it is practically deployable.
How Future Trends in Societal Aging, Air Bag Availability, Seat Belt Use, and Fleet Composition Will Affect Serious Injury Risk and Occurrence in the United States (2003)

The objective of this study was to quantify the importance of societal aging relative to other factors that are known to affect injury risk. An aging population's effect on Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale (MAIS) 3+ injury trends for passenger car drivers in frontal crashes was projected and compared to the effects of projected changes in fleet composition, changes in seat belt usage, and changes in air bag availability. It was determined that increased frailty due to an aging population will result in 19,816 to 43,568 additional injuries to passenger car drivers in frontal crashes from 1996 to 2012. Aging was shown to have an effect similar to the increased presence of light trucks in the fleet (a cumulative increase of approximately 47,428 injuries). Aging and changing fleet composition were shown to have a smaller effect than the projected increases in seat belt use or air bag availability, though the effect of increased belt use is not much greater than the effect of aging. After 2012, however, air bag availability and seat belt use will plateau, while societal aging will continue.
Hodoscope Design to Minimize Photomultiplier Use (1960)

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Patient‐based 4D digital breast phantom for perfusion contrast‐enhanced breast <scp>CT</scp> imaging (2018)

The proposed digital phantom can model the breast tissue perfusion during 4D breast CT image acquisition, displaying the different enhancement dynamics that could be found in a real patient breast. This phantom can be used during the development of dynamic contrast-enhanced dedicated breast CT imaging, for optimization of image acquisition, image reconstruction, and image analysis. This modality could provide functional information of the breast, resulting in detection, diagnosis, and treatment improvements of breast cancer with breast CT.
The T Cell Response To The Malaria Circumsporozoite Protein: An Immunological Approach To Vaccine Development (1988)

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, ...Read More
Anatomic Variation of Sphenoid Sinus and Related Structures in Libyan Population: CT Scan Study (2008)

Background: Sphenoid sinus is the most inaccessible paranasal sinus, enclosed within the sphenoid bone and intimately related to numerous vital neural and vascular structures. Anatomic variation of the sphenoid sinus is well documented and may complicate surgery in such a place. Objective: To outline the surgically risky anatomic variants of the sphenoid sinus as well as the variable relationships between the sinus and related neurovascular structures, for the safe removal of intrasphenoid and pituitary lesions. Materials and Methods: We undertook a prospective review of 300 paranasal sinus CT scans of Libyan patients; coronal CT scans were obtained by special parameter techniques. We assessed pneumatization of pterygoid process (PP), anterior clinoid process (ACP), and greater wing of sphenoid (GWS); we also examined protrusion and dehiscence of internal carotid artery (ICA), optic nerve (ON), maxillary nerve (MN), and vidian nerve (VN) into the sphenoid sinus cavity. Results: Pneumatization of PP, ACP, and GWS were seen in 87 (29%), 46 (15.3%), and 60 patients (20%), respectively. Protrusion of ICA, ON, MN, and VN were noticed in 123 (41%), 107 (35.6%), 73 (24.3%), and 81 patients (27%), respectively; dehiscence of these structures was encountered in 90 (30%), 92 (30.6%), 39 (13%), and 111 patients (37%), respectively. Statistically, there was a highly significant association between ACP pneumatization and ICA protrusion, ACP pneumatization and ON protrusion, PP pneumatization and VN protrusion; and GWS pneumatization and MN protrusion (p-value < 0.001). Conclusion: The sphenoid sinus is highly variable; this variability necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the regional sphenoid sinus anatomy by a detailed CT scan sinus examination before surgery in and around the sinus. This study indicates the possibility of a racial anatomical variation of the sphenoid sinus in the Libyan population.
Resource Allocation in Multi-Antenna MAC Networks: FBMC vs OFDM (2011)

This paper addresses the problem of resource allocation in a multiple access channel where several mobile terminals (MT's) are transmitting simultaneously to a single receiving base station, all of them with multiple antennas and exploiting beamforming. A multi-carrier modulation is assumed, either orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC). The main advantage of FBMC is that the spectrum of the sub-channels is much more concentrated than for OFDM. This property is explicitly exploited in this paper in order to evaluate an asynchronous network where the transmissions from different MT's are not aligned in time. This implies that a frequency guard between groups of carriers assigned to different users has to be included, being larger for OFDM than for FBMC. The improvement in performance due to this fact is evaluated by means of the rate that can be achieved by dynamically allocating carriers to users and by calculating the power and bit loading to be applied.
XML Standards for Ontology Exchange (2001)

. This paper contains a brief introduction to XML and comparison of different languages for ontology exchange - XOL, OIL, RDFS. Many of these languages are just extension or development of others. In order to enable better understanding the historical relations between the languages are outlined. More formally, the languages are compared according to a number of representational primitives: instances, slots, facets, etc. Examples encoding similar knowledge in the different languages are available as well as the Document Type Definitions and XML-schemas of the languages. 1 Introduction The purpose of this document is to describe the basic ideas standing behind XML, its importance, applications and the relation to different ontology representations. First a brief introduction to XML and the related technologies is made. In the second part of the document each of the major aspects of XML are described in details. The reader will be introduced to the rules for creating valid and well-form...
Hydroxyapatite and gelatin composite foams processed via novel freeze‐drying and crosslinking for use as temporary hard tissue scaffolds (2004)

Hydroxyapatite (HA) and gelatin composites were fabricated in a foam type via a novel freeze-drying and crosslinking technique. The morphological and mechanical properties of and in vitro cellular responses to the foams were investigated. The HA powder was added at up to 30 wt % into the gelatin solution, and the mixtures were freeze-dried and further crosslinked. The pure gelatin foam had a well-developed pore configuration with porosity and pore size of approximately 90% and 400-500 microm, respectively. With HA addition, the porosity decreased and pore shape became more irregular. The HA particulates, in sizes of about 2-5 microm, were distributed within the gelatin network homogeneously and made the framework surface rougher. All the foams had high water absorption capacities, showing typical hydrogel characteristics, even though the HA addition decreased the degree of water absorption. The HA addition made the foam much stronger and stiffer (i.e., with increasing HA amount the foams sustained higher compressive stress and had higher elastic modulus in both dry and wet states). The osteoblast-like human osteosarcoma cells spread and grew actively on all the foams. The cell proliferation rate, quantified indirectly on the cells cultured on Ti discs coated with gelatin and gelatin-HA composites using MTT assay, exhibited an up-regulation with gelatin coating compared with bare Ti substrate, but a slight decrease on the composite coatings. However, the alkaline phosphatase activities expressed by the cells cultured on composites foams as well as their coatings on Ti discs were significantly enhanced compared with those on pure gelatin foam and coating. These findings suggest that the gelatin-HA composite foams have great potential for use as hard tissue regeneration scaffolds.
Sterilization of platelet concentrates at production scale by irradiation with short‐wave ultraviolet light (2009)

Irradiation at UVC doses not detrimental to in vitro PLT variables sterilizes PCs contaminated with a wide range of different bacteria species.