gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Superconducting prepolarization coil for ultra-low-field MRI (2017)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows the structure of matter to be studied by measuring magnetic signals emitted by proton spins in response to applied magnetic fields. Ultra-low-field (ULF) MRI at microtesla-range fields is an emerging technology with promising clinical applications, particularly in brain imaging. To increase the low magnetization of the imaged sample and the strength of the measured signal, sample polarization in a strong (∼ 10−100 mT) magnetic field prior to the ULF-MRI measurements is invariably used in present ULF-MRI instrumentations. \n\nTo perform the sample prepolarization, a strong electromagnet that can be quickly ramped is required. This prepolarization electromagnet is typically realized using resistive copper conductors. Such coils, however, are large, effectively exciting unwanted transient eddy currents, require effective cooling, and possibly increase the system noise level due to thermally agitated electrons. Therefore, a compact superconducting magnet, sharing the helium bath with the SQUID sensors, is an attractive, although less used, alternative. Unfortunately, the superconducting magnets also come with their unique challenges. Superconductors are magnetized in external magnetic fields, which is the root of the greatest difficulties, as ULF MRI is sensitive to distortions in the measurement field. \n\nIn this thesis, I will discuss the challenges in designing a superconducting prepolarization coil for ULF MRI that produces prepolarization pulses exceeding 100 mT, while minimally distorting other fields after the prepolarization. Methods for achieving these goals are proposed, and a small test coil was constructed to test how simulations compare with experimental measurements. The measurements show that achieving these goals should be possible with a full-sized prepolarization coil.
Highly sensitive detection of exosomes by SERS using gold nanostar@Raman reporter@nanoshell structures modified with a bivalent cholesterol-labeled DNA anchor (2018)

Exosomes, as important signal transmitters, play a key role in intercellular communication, especially in cancer metastasis.
Immune Modulatory Effects of Immunoglobulins on Cell‐Mediated Immune Responses <i>In Vitro</i> (1993)

Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) at a concentration of 5 mg/ml, significantly inhibited mitogenic responses to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (conA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) by peripheral blood cells from healthy donors. No difference in inhibition by IVIG was seen when stimulating different T-lymphocyte cell subsets. Inhibition by IVIG was dose-dependent. An increased response was observed when IVIG was added more than 12 h after PHA compared to adding 1 h before [P = 0.05]. Intravenous immunoglobulin added to mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC), reduced the median response by more than 60% (range 14-89%; P = 0.03) and almost completely abrogated the lymphocyte response to Staphylococcus aureus protein A (SPA), whose median inhibition was 94% (range 90-99%; P = 0.02). When comparing 12 different commercial IVIG preparations at a concentration of 2.5 mg/ml, the median inhibition of the PHA stimulation ranged from 4% to 35% and the MLC response from 0% to 66%. In the presence of IVIG the lymphocyte response to different herpes virus antigens was reduced by > 50%. No difference in inhibitory effect was seen when comparing IVIG and cytomegalovirus (CMV) hyper Ig, but CMV negative Ig resulted in lower inhibition [P = 0.05]. Three out of five IgG preparations (2.5 mg/ml) made from single donors inhibited PHA stimulation significantly more than commercial IVIG [P < 0.05]. Mean inhibition was 61% compared to 35%. Inhibition by pooled IgG from five donors was 56%. F(ab')2 fragments of IVIG inhibited the MLC response by more than 50% (range 34-75%), SPA stimulation by 97% (83-104%) and PHA stimulation by more than 30% (26-37%). One of two Fc preparations tested had an inhibitory effect, but the inhibition was less than that obtained with the F(ab')2 fragments [P = 0.04]. These results further strengthen the notion that IVIG exerts its immune modulatory effect by binding to leukocyte surface receptors. A clear inhibition was obtained with concentrations corresponding to the serum levels obtained when IVIG is given 250-500 mg/kg bodyweight. F(ab')2 fragments have the same inhibitory effect as intact IgG molecules but the role of Fc fragments still remains unclear. Differences in the immunosuppressive effect of various IVIG preparations may be associated with the method of preparation.
Micro-instrumentation For Tribological Measurement (2005)

A new lateral (non-rotary) SCS micro-instrument for direct measurment of static and dynamic friction between two surfaces is presented. Comb drive actuators apply the normal force and the tangential force for relative motion. The frictionally interacting contact surfaces are SCREAM fabricated vertical side-walls which can be coated with materials. For silicon-dioxide coated surfaces of area 10/sup/3 /sop mu/m/sup2/, friction is observed with the Coulomb's static coefficient of friction being 0.5.
Efficacy of Different Sanitizing Agents and Their Combination on Microbe Population and Quality of Fresh‐cut Chinese Chives (2012)

Fresh-cut vegetables are known to be susceptible to contamination; and subsequent growth of microorganisms result in quality concerns. Chinese chive leaves are hollow, cylindrical, and are more inclined to accumulate microbes. Currently, there is limited information on the decontamination of Chinese chives. This research focused on the evaluation of sanitation options for fresh-cut Chinese chives; and the information obtained should be applicable and useful in other fresh-cut vegetables.
A Small Wide-Band, Low-Frequency, High-Power Sound Source Utilizing the Flextensional Transducer Concept (1978)

Flextensional transducers have wider bandwidths, lower operating frequencies, and higher power handling capabilities than any other types of transducers of comparable size. They make possible a new class of underwater sound sources having much smaller size while retaining all the other operating characteristics of conventional sound sources. The flextensional concept appeared several years ago. The concept is based on the vibrational modes of an oval cylindrical shell. Mutual coupling between these modes results in potential bandwidths of several octaves. This paper presents the design concept and performance predictions for a small, low-frequency sound source. Test data on an experimental model are presented and compared with predicted values.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF THIAZOLES ACCORDING TO HANTZSCH FROM 11‐BROMO‐10,11‐DIHYDRODIBENZ(B,F)THIEPIN‐10‐ONES (1984)

Abstract p‐Chlorphenyl‐benzyl‐keton (I) wird zum Bromketon (II) bromiert.
Atti del Congresso di Studi Etnografici Itatiani. (R. Pironti e Figli, Napoli, 1953.) 590 pp. (1955)

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The instability of the neural crest phenotypes: Schwann cells can differentiate into myofibroblasts (2005)

In the vertebrate embryo, the neural crest cells (NCCs) that migrate out from the neural primordium yield multiple phenotypes, including melanocytes, peripheral neurones and glia and, in the head, cartilage, bone, connective cells and myofibroblasts / vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). The differentiation of pluripotent NCCs is mainly directed by local growth factors. Even at postmigratory stages, NC-derived cells exhibit some fate plasticity. Thus, we reported earlier that pigment cells and Schwann cells are able in vitro to interconvert in the presence of endothelin 3 (ET3). Here, we further investigated the capacity of Schwann cells to reprogram their phenotype. We show that purified quail Schwann cells in dissociated cultures produce alpha smooth muscle actin ((alpha)SMA)-expressing myofibroblasts through the generation of a pluripotent progeny. This transdifferentiation took place independently of ET3, but was promoted by transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF(beta)1). Moreover, when implanted into chick embryos, the Schwann cells were found to contribute with host cephalic NCCs to perivascular SMCs. These data provided the first evidence for the acquisition of an NC-derived mesenchymal fate by Schwann cells and further demonstrate that the differentiation state of NC-derived cells is unstable and capable of reprogramming. The high plasticity of Schwann cells evidenced here also suggests that, as in the CNS, glial cells of the PNS may function as NC stem cells in particular circumstances such as repair.
<title>Optimization of the electrical and optical properties of ITO layers deposited by magnetron sputtering</title> (1993)

A comprehensive investigation of the deposition parameters of In<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>:Sn films on Corning 7059 glass substrates using r.f. planar magnetron sputtering has lead to the production of films with sheet resistance < 1.5 ohms per square, an integrated luminous transmittance of approximately 77% and an integrated solar transmittance of approximately 54%. Films characterized by measurement of their resistivity and Hall coefficient show a distinct minimum in film resistivity with deposition rate, substrate temperature, oxygen partial pressure, total deposition pressure and target composition. Results are presented showing the variation in carrier concentration and carrier mobility as a function of the deposition parameters together with the optical properties and microstructure of films with a resistivity approaching 10<SUP>-4</SUP> (Omega) cm. Potentially, films with these properties can be used for energy efficient window applications. The results indicate that it should be possible to industrially produce large area ITO for electrochromic windows with sufficiently low sheet resistance coupled with high visible transmittance.
Models of HIV-1 Persistence in the CD4+ T Cell Compartment: Past, Present and Future (2011)

The limitations of current anti-retroviral therapies (ART) and the lack of a valid anti-HIV-1 vaccine candidate underscore the need for new therapeutic concepts aiming at the eradication of HIV-1, which represents at the same time an ideal goal and a major challenge for AIDS research. At present, this aim is unattainable due to the existence of cellular and anatomical reservoirs of persistent infection. Memory CD4(+) T cells comprise the largest pool of cells harboring silent, stably integrated HIV-1, which remains undetected by the immune system and refractory to conventional anti-retroviral drugs. The eradication of latent HIV-1 reservoirs will require new, potent and specific therapeutic strategies, which in turn must rely upon a deeper understanding of HIV-1 latency. To facilitate the advancement of our knowledge in this new area of research, several in vitro models of HIV-1 latency in CD4(+) T cells have been established. Here, we dissect and critically compare the rationale behind each experimental approach. Furthermore, we outline new avenues of research that will benefit from these models, including the push toward the development of new classes of viral eradication drugs.
Curl-noise for procedural fluid flow (2007)

Procedural methods for animating turbulent fluid are often preferred over simulation, both for speed and for the degree of animator control. We offer an extremely simple approach to efficiently generating turbulent velocity fields based on Perlin noise, with a formula that is exactly incompressible (necessary for the characteristic look of everyday fluids), exactly respects solid boundaries (not allowing fluid to flow through arbitrarily-specified surfaces), and whose amplitude can be modulated in space as desired. In addition, we demonstrate how to combine this with procedural primitives for flow around moving rigid objects, vortices, etc.
Optimizing Generative Dialog State Tracker via Cascading Gradient Descent (2014)

For robust spoken dialog management, various dialog state tracking methods have been proposed. Although discriminative models are gaining popularity due to their superior performance, generative models based on the Partially Observable Markov Decision Process model still remain attractive since they provide an integrated framework for dialog state tracking and dialog policy optimization. Although a straightforward way to fit a generative model is to independently train the component probability models, we present a gradient descent algorithm that simultaneously train all the component models. We show that the resulting tracker performs competitively with other top-performing trackers that participated in DSTC2.
An Improved Object Detection Technique for Hazard Avoidance Systems (2018)

Hazard detection and avoidance at construction sites working with heavy equipment and moving vehicles is one of the biggest issues in modern surveillance. Background subtraction using a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) is widely utilized for identification of moving objects with most existing methods leading to improvements but lacking accuracy of object detection. This paper aims to improve accuracy and processing time for object detection. The proposed algorithm consists of a correlation coefficient to reduce the existing geometric error and provide more accurate detection of moving objects by comparing foreground and background pixels in every frame. A Kalman filter is used for keeping track of the object. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing applications in terms of accuracy of object detection. On this basis, it is recommended that object detection with a correlation coefficient of background and foreground pixels of objects can be used for hazard detection in real-time monitoring systems such as traffic monitoring and detection and tracking of humans.
The Pleasure Evoked by Sad Music Is Mediated by Feelings of Being Moved (2017)

Why do we enjoy listening to music that makes us sad? This question has puzzled music psychologists for decades, but the paradox of "pleasurable sadness" remains to be solved. Recent findings from a study investigating the enjoyment of sad films suggest that the positive relationship between felt sadness and enjoyment might be explained by feelings of being moved (Hanich et al., 2014). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether feelings of being moved also mediated the enjoyment of sad music. In Experiment 1, 308 participants listened to five sad music excerpts and rated their liking and felt emotions. A multilevel mediation analysis revealed that the initial positive relationship between liking and felt sadness (<i>r</i> = 0.22) was fully mediated by feelings of being moved. Experiment 2 explored the interconnections of perceived sadness, beauty, and movingness in 27 short music excerpts that represented independently varying levels of sadness and beauty. Two multilevel mediation analyses were carried out to test competing hypotheses: (A) that movingness mediates the effect of perceived sadness on liking, or (B) that perceived beauty mediates the effect of sadness on liking. Stronger support was obtained for Hypothesis A. Our findings suggest that - similarly to the enjoyment of sad films - the aesthetic appreciation of sad music is mediated by being moved. We argue that felt sadness may contribute to the enjoyment of sad music by intensifying feelings of being moved.
Prognostic Significance of the Mitotic Index Using the Mitosis Marker Anti–Phosphohistone H3 in Meningiomas (2007)

Mitotic activity is one of the most reliable prognostic factors in meningiomas. The identification of mitotic figures (MFs) and the areas of highest mitotic activity in H&E-stained slides is a tedious and subjective task. Therefore, we compared the results from immunostaining for the mitosis-specific antibody anti-phosphohistone H3 (PHH3 mitotic index [MI]) with standard MF counts (H&E MI) and the Ki-67 labeling index (LI). The relationship between these proliferation indices and prognosis was investigated in a retrospective series of 265 meningiomas. The PHH3 staining method yielded greater sensitivity in the detection of MFs and facilitated MF counting. Mitotic thresholds of H&E MI of 4 or more per 10 high-power fields (HPF) and PHH3 MI of 6 or more per 10 HPF were found as the most appropriate prognostic cutoff values for the prediction of recurrence-free survival. All 3 proliferation indices were univariately associated with recurrences and deaths. In contrast with the Ki-67 LI, H&E MI and PHH3 MI also remained as independent predictors in the multivariate Cox hazards modeling (P = .0007 and P = .0004, respectively).
Research on Laser Marking Speed Optimization by Using Genetic Algorithm (2015)

Laser Marking Machine is the most common coding equipment on product packaging lines. However, the speed of laser marking has become a bottleneck of production. In order to remove this bottleneck, a new method based on a genetic algorithm is designed. On the basis of this algorithm, a controller was designed and simulations and experiments were performed. The results show that using this algorithm could effectively improve laser marking efficiency by 25%.
Optimisation of neural models for speaker identification (2002)

An approach to speaker recognition based on feedforward neural models is investigated. Each person known to the system has a personalized neural net that is trained to be active for only that person's speech. By including speech from many people in the training data of each net this approach can directly model differences in people's speech. The chosen architecture and amount of training performed is shown to strongly affect the recognition performance. Large models with two hidden layers are shown to be inferior to models with only a single hidden layer and fewer weights. Recognition performance is shown to be comparable to that of a vector quantization approach based on personalized codebooks. The neural approach outperforms the codebook system for small model sizes but does slightly less well for larger models. A multitransputer implementation used in the training phase is described. Near linear speedup is obtained by splitting the training data to given independent subtasks, and a dynamic allocation scheme is used to assign these tasks to processors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bismuthene for highly efficient carbon dioxide electroreduction reaction (2020)

Bismuth (Bi) has been known as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for CO<sub>2</sub> reduction reaction. Stable free-standing two-dimensional Bi monolayer (Bismuthene) structures have been predicted theoretically, but never realized experimentally. Here, we show the first simple large-scale synthesis of free-standing Bismuthene, to our knowledge, and demonstrate its high electrocatalytic efficiency for formate (HCOO<sup>-</sup>) formation from CO<sub>2</sub> reduction reaction. The catalytic performance is evident by the high Faradaic efficiency (99% at -580 mV vs. Reversible Hydrogen Electrode (RHE)), small onset overpotential (<90 mV) and high durability (no performance decay after 75 h and annealing at 400 °C). Density functional theory calculations show the structure-sensitivity of the CO<sub>2</sub> reduction reaction over Bismuthene and thicker nanosheets, suggesting that selective formation of HCOO<sup>-</sup> indeed can proceed easily on Bismuthene (111) facet due to the unique compressive strain. This work paves the way for the extensive experimental investigation of Bismuthene in many different fields.
An optimal tabular parsing algorithm (1994)

In this paper we relate a number of parsing algorithms which have been developed in very different areas of parsing theory, and which include deterministic algorithms, tabular algorithms, and a parallel algorithm. We show that these algorithms are based on the same underlying ideas.By relating existing ideas, we hope to provide an opportunity to improve some algorithms based on features of others. A second purpose of this paper is to answer a question which has come up in the area of tabular parsing, namely how to obtain a parsing algorithm with the property that the table will contain as little entries as possible, but without the possibility that two entries represent the same subderivation.
Hybrid geo-information processing : crowdsourced supervision of geo-spatial machine learning tasks (2015)

This paper introduces an approach to crowdsource the supervision of machine learning classification and regression tasks in order to process geo-social media streams.It builds on a review and comparison of four existing approaches to process geo-social media streams in order to identify specific opportunities and challenges.An original conceptual framework situates the machine learning tasks within a geoinformation processing workflow.The paper presents and discusses concrete techniques and software solutions for implementing it.
Clustering Individual Transactional Data for Masses of Users (2017)

Mining a large number of datasets recording human activities for making sense of individual data is the key enabler of a new wave of personalized knowledge-based services. In this paper we focus on the problem of clustering individual transactional data for a large mass of users. Transactional data is a very pervasive kind of information that is collected by several services, often involving huge pools of users. We propose txmeans, a parameter-free clustering algorithm able to efficiently partitioning transactional data in a completely automatic way. Txmeans is designed for the case where clustering must be applied on a massive number of different datasets, for instance when a large set of users need to be analyzed individually and each of them has generated a long history of transactions. A deep experimentation on both real and synthetic datasets shows the practical effectiveness of txmeans for the mass clustering of different personal datasets, and suggests that txmeans outperforms existing methods in terms of quality and efficiency. Finally, we present a personal cart assistant application based on txmeans
Web servlet-assisted, dial-in flow cytometry data analysis (2001)

This scheme enables telephone modem access to centrally stored data without restricting flexibility of display format or preventing comparisons with locally stored files.
Interface dipole at metal-organic interfaces: Contribution of metal induced interface states (2009)

Despite the importance of interface dipole on the charge carrier injection at metal/organic contacts, there is yet no estimation of the various contributions to the overall dipole. We propose a simple approach to delineate and estimate the contribution of metal-induced interface states (MISs) toward the overall dipole. The relative contribution of the MIS was found to increase as the slope parameter decreases. By using published results, we estimate the relative MIS contributions in organic-silver contacts for various organic semiconductors to be −30%–80% of the overall dipole.