gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inside Photoshop CS (2004)

Gary Bouton has made Inside Photoshop CS a perennial best-seller due to the loyalty of his audience. A lot of people simply love the way Gary explains what Photoshop is all about. In this revised edition, Gary truly puts the outsider inside, demystifying such intangibles as pixels, color wheel, resolution, line screens, and more of vital information for the hobbyists and professional. He covers all the new features and adds expert tips and tricks for the digital photographer. Critics and readers alike have noted that Bouton's writing style makes difficult, technical topics easy to understand -- as if they were being guided by a close friend or mentor.
Variable frequency crystal oscillator using variable negative inductance or capacitance (1970)

This letter refers to one by Capparelli and Verrazzani [1]. Its aim is to present new techniques for building a variable frequency crystal oscillator based on the use of a negative inductor or capacitor. The interval available for the frequency deviation is larger than the one existing between the natural frequencies f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</inf> and f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</inf> of the crystal. The spurious frequencies uncontrolled by the crystal are absent.
Can neonatal treatment with a related hormone adapt the receptor for itself? (1986)

Treatment of rats with endotoxin immediately after birth caused destruction of the cell membrane, resulting in depression of the thyroxin level and of the response to thyrotropin in adulthood. The thyroid gland of the rats treated neonatally with endotoxin failed to differentiate TSH from gonadotropin. Neonatal treatment (imprinting) with thyrotropin or gonadotropin after preexposure to the endotoxin improved the adult response to the exogenous hormone presented for imprinting after endotoxin. It appears that during the reconstruction stage following upon membrane perturbation in the critical period of receptor maturation, the adequate hormone or a related molecule can equally adapt the receptor for itself, but neither can fully compensate the perinatal membrane injury, nor the consequent diminution of receptor activity.
<i>EGFR</i>Gene Overexpression Retained in an Invasive Xenograft Model by Solid Orthotopic Transplantation of Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Into Nude Mice (2011)

Orthotopic xenograft animal model from human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell lines often do not recapitulate an extremely important aspect of invasive growth and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene overexpression of human GBM. We developed an orthotopic xenograft model by solid transplantation of human GBM into the brain of nude mouse. The orthotopic xenografts sharing the same histopathological features with their original human GBMs were highly invasive and retained the overexpression of EGFR gene. The murine orthotopic GBM models constitute a valuable in vivo system for preclinical studies to test novel therapies for human GBM.
HYPEROXALURIA : AN UNDERESTIMATED CAUSE OF RAPIDLY PROGRESSIVE RENAL FAILURE (2001)

Hyperoxaluria is rarely considered as a cause of rapidly progressive renal failure. A case is reported of a patient in whom rapidly renal failure developed after subtotal small bowel resection. A diagnosis of calcium oxalate deposits nephropathy was confirmed by renal biopsy.This cause of renal failure may be underestimated and should be systematically searched for in all patients with malabsorption.
Microlens for efficient coupling between LED and optical fiber (1999)

A new fabrication method of a microlens is proposed that can be easily applied to optical devices and microlens systems. The proposed microlens is formed by self-surface tension and cohesion of UV curing material. Since the microlens is hardened by short time UV exposure, the fabrication process is very simple. Integration with surface emitting-light emitting diode (SE-LED) results in enhanced coupling to optical fiber with coupling efficiency larger than the conventional case by 1.5 times. We also made a hemispheric microlensed fiber using this method. Compared with a typical arc-lensed fiber and a flat-end fiber, the coupling efficiency is improved to 18% and 40%, respectively.
The Structural and Photoelectrical Properties of Gallium Oxide Thin Film Grown by Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering (2019)

Gallium oxide thin films were deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique. Structural, optical and photoelectrical properties of Ga2O3 thin films were investigated in detail. The as-grown Ga2O3 thin films were amorphous, while those annealed film were polycrystalline with monoclinic structure. Amorphous and polycrystalline gallium oxide metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors were fabricated. However, annealed polycrystalline films have no photoresponse for deep ultraviolet light. The responsivity of the photodetector based on as-grown amorphous film is 122.7 μA/W at 256 nm and the ultraviolet (UV)-to-visible rejection ratios were 100, which indicates that the amorphous Ga2O3 thin films have potential application for solar-blind photodetector. High concentration of oxygen vacancies of amorphous film are considered to be responsible for photoresponse in amorphous gallium oxide thin films.
Present and future paradigms in the automatized translation of natural languages (1980)

Useful automatized translation must be considered in a problem-solving setting, composed of a linguistic environment and a computer environment. We examine the facets of the problem which we believe to be essential, and try to give some paradigms along each of them. Those facets are the linguistic strategy, the programming tools, the treatment of semantics, the computer environment and the types of implementation.
CT of the Gallbladder (1990)

Dr Baker is Associate Professor of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Durham, NC 27710.
Biological Dosimetry Using the Micronucleus Assay for Lymphocytes (1991)

The dose response of the number of micronuclei in cytokinesis-blocked lymphocytes after in-vitro irradiation of whole blood with x rays in the dose range 0-4 Gy was studied for a heterogeneous population of 10 donors. One thousand binucleated cells were systematically scored for micronuclei. A linear-quadratic dose dependency of the micronucleus yields was observed. The data were used to derive the accuracy of the dose assessment with the technique in case of a radiation accident. It was shown that for doses of 2 Gy and higher, the uncertainty of the dose was predominantly due to interindividual differences in the x-ray-induced micronucleus yields. At the 95% confidence level, doses lower than 0.3 Gy could not be unequivocally detected with the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay due to the variability of the baseline micronucleus frequency within the donor population and the poor statistical accuracy when scoring 1,000 cells. The precision and sensitivity of the method in the low-dose range could be improved by the knowledge of individual pre-irradiation baseline values and an increase of the number of cells scored by automation of the technique.
Fault detection using hints from the socket layer (2002)

Describes a fault detection mechanism that uses the error codes returned by stream sockets to locate process failures. Since these errors are generated automatically when there is communication with a failed process, the mechanism does not incur in any failure-free overheads. However, for some types of faults, detection can only be attained if the surviving processes use certain communication operations. To assess the coverage and latency of the proposed mechanism, faults were injected during the execution of parallel applications. Our results show that in most cases, faults could be found using only the errors from the socket layer. Depending on the type of fault that was injected, detection occurred in an interval ranging from a few milliseconds to less than nine minutes.
Membrane-associated carbonic anhydrase purified from bovine lung. (1982)

We found carbonic anhydrase activity associated with particulate fractions of homogenates of rat, rabbit, human, and bovine lungs. These membrane-associated carbonic anhydrases were remarkably stable in solutions containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The bovine enzyme was dissolved with SDS and purified by affinity chromatography and gel filtration. The purified enzyme contains glucosamine, galactose, and sialic acid; it is at least 20% carbohydrate. The apparent molecular weight by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (52,000) may be higher than the actual molecular weight due to the presence of carbohydrate. The enzyme contains cystine, an amino acid that is absent in bovine erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase. Dithiothreitol greatly accelerated the rate of inactivation of the membrane-associated enzyme in SDS, so disulfide bonds appear to stabilize this enzyme. The specific CO2-hydrating activity was about half that of the erythrocyte enzyme. Acetazolamide inhibits the membrane-associated enzyme (Ki = 10 nM) nearly as well as the erythrocyte enzyme (Ki = 3 nM). Antibody to bovine erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase did not inhibit the membrane-associated enzyme. Other investigators have accumulated a good deal of evidence for carbonic anhydrase on the luminal surface of pulmonary capillaries. The enzyme described here appears to be a new isozyme whose properties are consistent with such a localization.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia : scientific advances and clinical developments (1993)

Presents the current knowledge of the biology and immunology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and how it relates to the pathogenesis, diagnosis and oratory and therapy of this common form of leukemia - focusing on laboratory and clinical research and the state-of-the-art approach to patients with CLL. The book describes the pathogenesis of immunodeficiency and disordered immunity in CLL, evaluates the immunologic and therapeutic implications of cross-reactive idiotypes in CLL and provides evidence for clonal evolution and its clinical relevance. Referenced with nearly 1650 bibliographic citations, this book should prove a valuable resource for oncologists, hematologists, immunologists, pathologists, infectious disease specialists, internists and molecular biologists.
Ultrastructural characterization of the border zone surrounding early experimental myocardial infarcts in dogs. (1981)

The existence of a border zone composed of reversibly injured myocardium surrounding an evolving infarct has been the subject of controversy. In experiments designed to search for such a border zone by electron microscopy, 12 mongrel dogs underwent permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Two to 6.5 (average = 4.2) hours later, the hearts were excised, the area at risk (myocardium perfused by the LAD) was outlined by injection of fluorescent microspheres, and the myocardial infarct was demonstrated by the nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) gross histochemical method. Myocardial samples for electron-microscopic study were obtained from the periphery of the infarct (tissues unstained by NBT) and serially from the immediately adjacent myocardium, which was stained deep blue by NBT. Grossly, the infarcts always involved the subendocardial myocardium, extended for a variable distance in the epicardial direction, and closely approximated the lateral margins of the area at risk. When examined by electron microscopy, the infarct periphery showed evidence of irreversible damage, thus confirming the ability of NBT to detect early myocardial necrosis. Multiple samples of the NBT-stained myocardium immediately adjacent to the infarct showed varying degrees of reversible ischemia, thus demonstrating, at the ultrastructural level, the existence of a border zone of intermediate myocardial injury. This border zone was substantial (3--4 mm in width) along the subepicardial aspect of the infarct and very thin (1--2 mm) laterally. In conclusion, a significant border zone was demonstrable by electron microscopy in the subepicardial myocardium of 8 out or 12 canine hearts with recent coronary artery occlusion. In the remaining 4 hearts, the infarcts had already reached the epicardium at the time of study, and only a thin lateral border zone was present.
POSSIBILITY OF GRAFT-VS-LEUKEMIA DETERMINANTS INDEPENDENT OF THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX IN ALLOGENEIC MARROW TRANSPLANTATION (1983)

The role of major histocompatibility (MHC) versus non-MHC determinants in the antileukemic effect exerted by engrafted normal marrow (graft-vs-leukemia, GvL) was studied in Rauscher leukemic SJL/J mice. The marrow donor strains included normal syngeneic SJL/J (H-2s), allogeneic C57BL/10 and 129/J (H-2b), congenic B10.S (H-2s, but otherwise genetically identical to the C57BL/10), and also F1 hybrid mice of the SJL/J and B10.S or C57BL/10 strains. Prior to transplant the recipients were exposed to a dose of total body irradiation that was large, but lower than that required to eliminate all hematopoietic precursors, such that GvL activity of the donor marrow would be necessary to avoid leukemic relapse. Total relapse within 60 days was observed when the syngeneic SJL/J donors were used. Transplantation either of the H-2b C57BL/10 or the H-2s B10.S marrow resulted in approximately 50% unrelapsed survival at 4 months. In contrast, only 26% unrelapsed survival was obtained with H-2b 129/J marrow. Marrow from (SJL/J X B10.S)F1 hybrids yielded a survival curve that was intermediate between those for the two parental strains; a similar but somewhat improved pattern was seen with (SJL/J X C57BL/10)F1-hybrid donors. The results suggest that although MHC genetic differences between the donor and recipient may produce a GvL effect in marrow transplantation therapy, other non-MHC determinants may also be capable of exerting an independent GvL effect of at least equivalent strength.
Proposition 8: California Law after In re Lance W. and People v. Castro (1985)

Until recently, California provided a relatively high level of constitutional protection to criminal defendants. With the passage of Proposition 8 in 1982, the California voters expressed their desire to decrease this level of protection in order to remove impediments to the effective prosecution of criminally accuseds. This comment will examine two of the major provisions of Proposition 8 and their effect on California law in light of major cases decided by the California Supreme Court in 1985.
Recent advances in elucidation of biological corrinoid functions (1993)

Eleven adenosylcorrinoid-dependent rearrangements and elimination reactions have been described during the last four decades of vitamin B12 research. In contrast, only the cobamide-dependent methionine synthase was well established as a corrinoid-dependent methyl transfer reaction. yet, investigations during the last few years revealed nine additional corrinoid-dependent methyltransferases. Many of these reactions are catalyzed by bacteria which possess a distinct C1 metabolism. Notably acetogenic and methanogenic bacteria carry out such methyl transfers in their anabolism and catabolism. Tetrahydrofolate or a similar pterine derivative is a key intermediate in these reactions. It functions as methyl acceptor and the methylated tetrahydrofolate serves as a methyl donor.
Investigator‐masked comparison of tazarotene gel q.d. plus mometasone furoate cream q.d. vs. mometasone furoate cream b.i.d. in the treatment of plaque psoriasis (2001)

Seventy‐three patients with stable plaque psoriasis entered an investigator‐masked trial comparing once‐daily tazarotene 0.1% gel plus once‐daily mometasone furoate 0.1% cream with twice‐daily mometasone furoate 0.1% cream. The aim of the study was to determine whether tazarotene and mometasone furoate act synergistically –‐ a previous study showed that tazarotene plus mometasone furoate offered greater efficacy than tazarotene alone, and this study investigated whether tazarotene plus mometasone furoate also offered greater efficacy than mometasone furoate alone. The patients had psoriasis affecting up to 20% of their total body surface area, with at least moderate plaque elevation. Washout periods were: 2 weeks for UVB phototherapy or topical antipsoriatic therapies; 4 weeks for psoralen plus UVA (PUVA) therapy or systemic antipsoriatic drugs other than retinoids; and 8 weeks for oral retinoids. All patients gave written informed consent and the study was conducted in compliance with the ethical standards of the governing institutional review boards and the Declaration of Helsinki. Patients were treated for up to 12 weeks. If they achieved clearance by week 4, or at least 50% global improvement by week 12, they were entered into the 12‐week no‐treatment follow‐up phase. Patients were evaluated every 4 weeks in terms of percentage global improvement, plaque elevation, scaling, erythema, and pruritus. They also rated the efficacy of their own treatment (as very effective, effective, neutral, ineffective, or less effective) and the duration of improvement in their psoriasis (as much better, better, somewhat better, indifferent, or worse than that achieved with other topical medications they had used in the past). The two regimens were compared by analysis of variance, with the last recorded score for any patient who discontinued prematurely (due to lack of efficacy, adverse events, or disease flare) being carried forward to all subsequent visits.
The Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist (2000)

"The Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist." The Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist, 17(1), p. 2
Estimating project and activity duration: a risk management approach using network analysis (1998)

Variations in the durations of activities are commonplace in the construction industry. This is due to the fact that the construction industry is influenced greatly by variations in weather, productivity of labour and plant, and quality of materials. Stochastic network analysis has been used by previous researchers to model variations in activities and produce more effective and reliable project duration estimates. A number of techniques have been developed in previous literature to solve the uncertain nature of networks, these are: PERT (program evaluation and review techniques), PNET (probabilistic network evaluation technique), NRB, (narrow reliability bounds methods) and MCS (Monte Carlo simulation). Although these techniques have proved to be useful in modelling variations in activities, dependence of activity duration is not considered. This can have a severe impact on realistically modelling projects. In this context, the objective of the present research is to develop a methodology that can accurately model activity dependence and realistically predict project duration using a risk management approach. A simulation model has been developed to encapsulate the methodology and run experimental work. In order to achieve this, the following tasks are tackled: identify risk factors that cause activity variations using literature reviews and conducting interviews with contractors; model risk factors and their influence on activity variations through conducting case studies and identifying any dependence between them; develop a computer based simulation model that uses a modified Monte Carlo technique to model activity duration and dependence of risk factors; and run experimental work to validate and verify the model.
Discharge pumped mercuric halide dissociation lasers (1978)

Lasers on the (B-X) transitions in HgCl, HgBr, and HgI at 558, 502, and 443 nm, respectively, have been excited in a uv-preionized transverse electric discharge. Marked increases in laser efficiency and output power were obtained when nitrogen was added to the laser discharge.
A Protein-Free Medium for Primary Isolation of the Gonococcus and Meningococcus (1941)

It is desired to report the development of a transparent, reproducible medium, containing no heat-labile material such as serum, which is sufficiently stable to withstand autoclave sterilization and storage, and which will support satisfactory primary growth of either meningococci or gonococci. The latter were used as the test organisms during the experimental work, since a constant source of primary cultures of the meningococcus is ordinarily not available. The similarity between the two organisms, and the reputedly greater difficulty expected in the cultivation of the gonococcus, indicated that a medium suitable for this organism should prove equally satisfactory for the meningococcus. As a basis for comparison, the Difco “Proteose No. 3 Chocolate Agar” has been used. This medium has been adopted as a standard in certain laboratories for the diagnosis of gonorrhoea and one of us (J.H.) was thoroughly familiar with its use. The plan as formulated in beginning the experiments was essentially that followed with considerable success with other organisms, namely, to select the most suitable empirical medium available and attempt to break it down to its essential component parts. The experience of the senior author in 1918 with the Gordon and Hine pea meal extract agar for meningococcus carrier detection had shown that this medium, when carefully prepared, was eminently satisfactory. It proved, upon trial, to be equally so for primary cultivation of the gonococcus, and it was therefore chosen as the starting point in the investigation. It consists essentially of a tryptic digest of meat, agar, and a 5% NaCl extract of pea flour, the latter presumably supplying some essential protein material. The fractionation of the pea extract proved surprisingly simple, since it could be accomplished by mechanical means.
Rapid purification fo deoxyribonuclease I using fast protein liquid chromatography (1984)

Deoxyribonuclease I finds extensive application in the fields of both nucleic acid and cell motility research. This paper describes the use of the cationic exchange column MonoQ, marketed by Pharmacia as part of their Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography system, for further purification of the enzyme from commercially available material. Up to 7 mg DNase I of high purity can be obtained in a single separation step taking about 20 min to perform. The quality of the product is documented using 3 independent assay criteria.
Lymphatic targeting of zidovudine using surface-engineered liposomes (2008)

The present investigation was aimed at lymphatic targeting of zidovudine (ZDV)-loaded surface-engineered liposomes (SE liposomes). Surface of liposomes was engineered by incorporation of charges (positive or negative) and site-specific ligand (mannose) in order to enhance localization to lymphatics, specifically to lymph node and spleen. Positively and negatively charged nanosized SE liposomes (120 +/- 10 nm) were prepared using stearylamine (SA) and dicetyl phosphate (DCP), respectively, while ligand-coated SE liposomes were prepared using mannose-terminated SA (mannose conjugate). The SE liposomes were characterized for shape and surface morphology, size, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro drug release. All the SE liposomes formulations showed biphasic ZDV release, whereas mannose-coated liposomes (MAN-Lip) significantly reduced (p < 0.05) drug release compared with conventional liposome (Lip). The organ distribution pattern of the SE liposomes exhibited significant reduction in free ZDV concentration in serum, whereas significantly increased quantity was detected in the spleen and lymph nodes (p < 0.05). Fluorescent microscopy suggested enhanced uptake and localization of the SE liposomes in the lymph nodes and spleen, which were in the order: mannose coated > negatively charged > positively charged > Lip. Thus, the SE liposomes appeared to be promising novel vesicular system for enhanced targeting of ZDV to lymphatics, in AIDS chemotherapy.