gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Moisture parameters and fungal communities associated with gypsum drywall in buildings (2015)

Uncontrolled excess moisture in buildings is a common problem that can lead to changes in fungal communities. In buildings, moisture parameters can be classified by location and include assessments of moisture in the air, at a surface, or within a material. These parameters are not equivalent in dynamic indoor environments, which makes moisture-induced fungal growth in buildings a complex occurrence. In order to determine the circumstances that lead to such growth, it is essential to have a thorough understanding of in situ moisture measurement, the influence of building factors on moisture parameters, and the levels of these moisture parameters that lead to indoor fungal growth. Currently, there are disagreements in the literature on this topic. A literature review was conducted specifically on moisture-induced fungal growth on gypsum drywall. This review revealed that there is no consistent measurement approach used to characterize moisture in laboratory and field studies, with relative humidity measurements being most common. Additionally, many studies identify a critical moisture value, below which fungal growth will not occur. The values defined by relative humidity encompassed the largest range, while those defined by moisture content exhibited the highest variation. Critical values defined by equilibrium relative humidity were most consistent, and this is likely due to equilibrium relative humidity being the most relevant moisture parameter to microbial growth, since it is a reasonable measure of moisture available at surfaces, where fungi often proliferate. Several sources concur that surface moisture, particularly liquid water, is the prominent factor influencing microbial changes and that moisture in the air and within a material are of lesser importance. However, even if surface moisture is assessed, a single critical moisture level to prevent fungal growth cannot be defined, due to a number of factors, including variations in fungal genera and/or species, temperature, and nutrient availability. Despite these complexities, meaningful measurements can still be made to inform fungal growth by making localised, long-term, and continuous measurements of surface moisture. Such an approach will capture variations in a material's surface moisture, which could provide insight on a number of conditions that could lead to fungal proliferation.
Analysis of regression in game theory approach (2001)

Abstract Working with multiple regression analysis a researcher usually wants to know a comparative importance of predictors in the model. However, the analysis can be made difficult because of multicollinearity among regressors, which produces biased coefficients and negative inputs to multiple determination from presum ably useful regressors. To solve this problem we apply a tool from the co‐operative games theory, the Shapley Value imputation. We demonstrate the theoretical and practical advantages of the Shapley Value and show that it provides consistent results in the presence of multicollinearity. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
UV light induced photoreduction in phosphate and fluoridephosphate glasses doped with Ni2+, Ta5+, Pb2+, and Ag+ compounds (2004)

The photoreduction of polyvalent ions was studied in high purity fluoride-phosphate and metaphosphate glasses doped with Ni2+ (3d8), Ta5+ (5d0), Pb2+ (6d2), and Ag+ (3d10). Compared to the undoped base glasses all doped samples display different electronic transitions in the UV at the irradiation wavelength. Glass samples containing 50 to 5000 ppm dopants were irradiated with excimer lasers at 193 and 248 nm, respectively. The subsequent defect centers, formed at ppm levels, were characterized by EPR and optical UV-VIS spectroscopy. The observed laser induced transmission losses in the UV and visible range increased in the order Ni, Ta, Pb to Ag. Extrinsic electron centers are formed by photoreduction of the dopants. (Ni2+)- is characterized by an optical transition with a maximum at 355 nm and an EPR signal around g ≈ 2.07. The maxima of the optical transitions of the (Pb2+)- -EC are positioned at 395 and 500 nm, of the (Ta5+)- -EC at 465 nm. The photoionization products of silver depend strongly on the silver concentration. At a silver content of 50 ppm only the (Ag+)- -EC is formed, visible in the optical spectra with a maximum around 450 nm. A second silver species, (Ag+)2 -, which absorbs at 305 nm, is additionally observed in the sample doped with a silver concentration of 500 ppm. In the sample doped with 5000 ppm silver a third defect, the photooxidized (Ag+)+ -HC, with an optical band maximum at 405 nm and an EPR signal around g ≈ 2.3 is observed as well. The formation of extrinsic electron centers causes in all glasses an increase in the formation of intrinsic hole centers and often a decrease in the formation of intrinsic electron centers. Defect generation curves show that a very rapid darkening in the glasses is initiated by the addition of any of these dopants. The recovery rates of the defeets formed depend strongly on the dopant, not on the glass matrix.
Evolution of a Light Scattering Photometer (1971)

Development of a new light scattering photometer is traced from an idea for the identification of bacteria through early experiments and prototype instruments to a commercial product. The design was shaped by laboratory use. Precision of scattering measurements surpassed the optical microscope and led to discovery of new microbiological techniques.
Akt pathway as a target for therapeutic intervention in HNSCC. (2008)

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common form of cancer worldwide. One frequent alteration found in this type of cancer is overactivation of the PI3K/PTEN/mTOR pathway, of which protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt is a central key element, controlling important cellular processes such as metabolism, cell size, proliferation and apoptosis, ultimately regulating cell growth and survival. Thus, drugs that target Akt directly or elements of the pathway are plausible candidates for cancer treatment. Accordingly, numerous clinical trials in various phases are being performed for these drugs. In this review, we discuss the tumorigenic capacity of Akt and focus on its role in HNSCC, paying special attention to the current efforts in treating this cancer in a more specific, Akt-targeted way, based on its primordial role in this type of cancer.
Bridging the Divide? Theories For Integrating Competition Law and Consumer Protection (2010)

(2010). Bridging the Divide? Theories For Integrating Competition Law and Consumer Protection. European Competition Journal: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 7-45.
Multipath interference cancellation and modified RAKE receiver (2002)

A pilot-based serial multipath interference cancellation method and the corresponding RAKE receiver are proposed. Theoretical analysis and computer simulations are carried out, and a comparison with a conventional RAKE receiver is performed. It is shown that RAKE receiver performance can be improved using this method with simple structure and easy implementation.
Modeling of substrate coupling noise in lightly doped mixed-signal ICs (2012)

A model of a lightly doped substrate is proposed to estimate the substrate coupling noise in the mixed-signal ICs. Compared with previous work, the proposed models both include 3-D substrate network and power/ground network. Developed models of commonly used for isolate noise such as a guard ring and a deep n-well are also proposed. The affectivities of these suppression technologies are compared and quantitatively analyzed to draw a general conclusion.
Primary structures of two ribonucleases from ginseng calluses (1997)

The amino acid sequences of two ribonucleases from a callus cell culture of Panax ginseng were determined. The two sequences differ at 26% of the amino acid positions. Homology was found with a large family of intracellular pathogenesis-related proteins, food allergens and tree pollen allergens from both dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plant species. There is about 30% sequence difference with proteins from species belonging to the same plant order (Apiales: parsley and celery), 60% with those from four other dicotyledonous plant orders and about 70% from that of the monocotyledonous asparagus. More thorough evolutionary analyses of sequences lead to the conclusion that the general biological function of members of this protein family may be closely related to the ability to cleave intracellular RNA and that they have an important role in cell metabolism. As the three-dimensional structure of one of the members of this protein family has been determined recently [Gajhede et al., Nature Struct Biol 3 (1996) 1040-1045], it may be possible to assign active-site residues in the enzyme molecule and make hypotheses about its mode of action. Structural features in addition to the cellular site of biosynthesis indicate that this family of ribonucleases is very different from previously investigated ones.
Segmenting Brain Tissues from Chinese Visible Human Dataset by Deep-Learned Features with Stacked Autoencoder (2016)

Cryosection brain images in Chinese Visible Human (CVH) dataset contain rich anatomical structure information of tissues because of its high resolution (e.g., 0.167 mm per pixel). Fast and accurate segmentation of these images into white matter, gray matter, and cerebrospinal fluid plays a critical role in analyzing and measuring the anatomical structures of human brain. However, most existing automated segmentation methods are designed for computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging data, and they may not be applicable for cryosection images due to the imaging difference. In this paper, we propose a supervised learning-based CVH brain tissues segmentation method that uses stacked autoencoder (SAE) to automatically learn the deep feature representations. Specifically, our model includes two successive parts where two three-layer SAEs take image patches as input to learn the complex anatomical feature representation, and then these features are sent to Softmax classifier for inferring the labels. Experimental results validated the effectiveness of our method and showed that it outperformed four other classical brain tissue detection strategies. Furthermore, we reconstructed three-dimensional surfaces of these tissues, which show their potential in exploring the high-resolution anatomical structures of human brain.
Current Period Performance of OECD Composite Leading Indicators (CLIs) (2007)

Directorate -is designed to make available in a timely fashion and to a wider readership selected studies prepared by staff in the Secretariat or by outside consultants working on OECD projects. The papers included are of a technical, methodological or statistical policy nature and relate to statistical work relevant to the organisation.
The PKRC's Value as a Professional Development Model Validated (2013)

After a brief review of the 4-H professional development standards, a new model for determining the value of continuing professional development is introduced and applied to the 4-H standards. The validity of the 4-H standards is affirmed. 4-H Extension professionals are encouraged to celebrate the strength of their standards and to engage the wider field of professional development in dialogue.
Design-for-Iddq-testing for embedded cores based system-on-a-chip (2002)

System-on-a-chip (SoC) ICs in deep submicron technologies present major challenges in the implementation of Iddq testing. The problems are increased leakage current due to increasing number of gates as well as due to increased sub-threshold leakage of the individual transistors. While methods such as substrate-bias and low temperature are adequate to reduce sub-threshold leakage in deep submicron technologies, almost no solution is available to address the issue of increased leakage due to enormous size of the SoC design. In this paper, we first present a design-for-test concept to address the issue of high leakage due to the large size of SoC design. Secondly, we provide some design rules that are necessary to make SoC design suitable for Iddq testing. The design methodology presented in this paper facilitates Iddq testing by controlling power-supply of the individual cores through JTAG boundary scan and allows Iddq testing on one core at a time. The design does not require any dedicated pin for this control and area overhead is negligible.
Impact of TROP2 expression on prognosis in solid tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2016)

Over-expression of TROP2 (the trophoblast cell surface antigen 2) was reported to predict poor prognosis in various solid tumors in number of studies. However, the results remained not comprehensive. Therefore, we here carried out this meta-analysis of relevant studies published on this topic to quantitatively evaluate the clinicopathological significance of TROP2 in solid tumors. Relevant articles were identified through searching the PubMed, Web of Science and Embase database. The primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). In this meta-analysis, 16 studies involving 2,569 participants were included, and we drew the conclusion that TROP2 overexpression was significantly associated with poor OS (pooled HR = 1.896, 95% CI = 1.599-2.247, P < 0.001) and short DFS (pooled HR = 2.336, 95% CI = 1.596-3.419, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the subgroup analysis revealed that the associations between TROP2 overexpression and the outcome endpoints (OS or DFS) were significant in in patients with female genital system neoplasms, as well in gastrointestine neoplasms. In addition, subgroup analysis found no difference HR across populations of different descent.Taken together, TROP2 overexpression was associated with poor survival in human solid tumors. TROP2 may be a valuable prognosis predictive biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in human solid tumors.
Synthesis and degradation of polyhydroxyalkanoates in Alcaligenes eutrophus (1992)

The kinetics and mechanism of the synthesis and degradation of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) in Alcaligenes eutrophus have been studied. PHA polymers were accumulated in the cells in nitrogen-free mineral media containing various carbon substrates, and the accumulated PHA polymers were subsequently degraded after the carbon sources were exhausted. The number of PHA polymerase molecules per cell was determined to be 18,000. The kinetic data of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P(3HB)) synthesis indicated that about two molecules of d(−)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA are added within 1 s into a propagating chain of P(3HB) on the active site of polymerase, and that the average lifetime of a propagating P(3HB) chain is about 1 h. The intracellular PHA depolymerase was suggested to be exo-type hydrolase. The pathway and regulation of PHA synthesis were studied using [5-13C]pentanoic acid as the sole carbon source.
Update: new guidelines for the treatment of infants with sickle cell disease. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. (1994)

These clinical practice guidelines set forth a comprehensive program for identifying, diagnosing, and treating newborns and infants with sickle cell disease and recommend education and counseling strategies for their parents. Sickle cell disease comprises a group of genetic disorders characterized by the production of hemoglobin S, anemia, and acute and chronic tissue damage secondary to the blockage of blood flow by abnormally shaped red cells. Sickle cell anemia is the most common form of the disease, and it affects approximately 1 in 375 African-American infants. Although in the United States sickle cell disease is most commonly found in persons of African ancestry, it also affects other populations. The panel recommends screening of all newborns for sickle cell disease, since targeting specific groups will miss some infected infants. Samples of dried blood on filter paper or liquid blood samples should be used for hemoglobinopathy screening. Hemoglobin electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and high performance liquid chromatography are acceptable, reliable, and accurate testing methods. Infants identified on initial screening must be retested to establish a definitive diagnosis. Affected infants must be given twice-daily oral penicillin beginning at 2 months of age to reduce pneumococcal, conjugated Haemophilus influenzae, and hepatitis B vaccines. Infants with sickle cell disease require the same well-child care as infants without the disease. Education and nondirective genetic counseling should be offered to all parents of infants with sickle cell disease. The guidelines stress the need for a comprehensive and fully integrated approach to reduce morbidity and mortality from sickle cell disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Organic Synthesis:  The Science Behind the Art By W. A. Smit (Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia), A. F. Bochkov (Institute of Biochemical Physics, Moscow, Russia), and R. Caple (University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN) The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK. 1998. xix + 477 pp. 15.5 × 23 cm. $52.95. ISBN:  0-85404-544-9. (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook ReviewNEXTOrganic Synthesis: The Science Behind the Art By W. A. Smit (Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia), A. F. Bochkov (Institute of Biochemical Physics, Moscow, Russia), and R. Caple (University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN) The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK. 1998. xix + 477 pp. 15.5 × 23 cm. $52.95. ISBN: 0-85404-544-9.Michael B. SmithView Author Information Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 55 N. Eagleville Road, U-60 Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060Cite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1999, 62, 6, 938–939Publication Date (Web):May 13, 1999Publication History Published online13 May 1999Published inissue 1 June 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np9907477https://doi.org/10.1021/np9907477book-reviewACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical Society and American Society of PharmacognosyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views100Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aldol reactions,Chemical reactions,Functional groups,Order,Organic synthesis Get e-Alerts
Attachment, marital interaction, and relationship satisfaction: A diary study (2002)

The relations among measures of attachment, spouse behavior, and marital satisfaction were assessed in a broad sample of 193 married couples, using both questionnaire and diary methods. Insecure attachment was associated with less favorable reports of spouse behavior, as assessed by diary checklists. Marital satisfaction was predicted by attachment measures and reports of spouse behavior. The relation between attachment security and marital satisfaction was moderated, but not mediated, by reported spouse behavior. Specifically, insecure individuals’ evaluations of their relationships were more reactive to recent spouse behavior, an effect that was especially marked for fearful participants and for those in longer‐term marriages. Some gender differences in patterns of prediction were obtained. The results are discussed in terms of the working models associated with attachment styles, and the processes by which relationship satisfaction may be eroded over time.
[Polyneuropathies with IgM monoclonal gammopathy. 12 cases]. (1987)

12 cases of polyneuropathy with IgM monoclonal gammapathy are reported. An analysis of the clinical, electrophysiological, histological and immunological features of these cases and of those reported in the literature allows to distinguish 2 groups. In the first group (8./12 cases), the neuropathy showed clinical and electrophysiological features of a mainly demyelinating mechanism involving large fibers. Electromicroscopy disclosed a widening of the spaces between the lamellae of the myelin in half of these cases. A monoclonal deposit of IgM was demonstrated by direct immunofluorescence, on the remaining myelinated fibers in most cases. In this first group, the M-component always reacted with the myelin sheaths of a monkey's peripheral nerve. The results of indirect immunofluorescence were closely correlated with those of immunoblotting, which revealed an anti-M.A.G. (Myelin Associated Glycoprotein) activity. The second group is more heterogeneous: there was an predominantly motor neuropathy (1 case), an asymmetrical and painful neuropathy with an endoneural deposit of IgM (1 case). In 2 other cases which in no other ways differed from those of the first group, the M-component seemed devoid of antimyelinic activity. Nevertheless, the presence of IgM on the myelin sheaths of these 2 cases suggested a relationship between the neuropathy and the gammapathy. In both groups, results from the association of apheresis and chlorambucil were difficult to assess and vary greatly. Therapy appeared beneficent in half of the cases, but only one patient was markedly improved.
Axial Behavior and Modeling of Confined Small-, Medium-, and Large-Scale Circular Sections with Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Jackets (2005)

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Demodulation of phase-modulated light using birefringent crystals (1964)

The application of birefringent crystals to accomplish the demodulation of phase-modulated light is considered. A particular combination of crystals and a polarization insensitive photodetector is termed a birefringent demodulator, and shown to have the properties that it will 1) convert a phase-modulated light signal into an amplitude-modulated light signal and subsequently detect it in a nearly lossless manner, and 2) simultaneously suppress or balance out an incident amplitude-modulated light signal. A time domain version of the "Jones Calculus" is formulated and used to analyze the demodulator. Conversion efficiency, suppression efficiency, and bandwidth are considered. Experimental results demonstrating PM to AM conversion and AM suppression at microwave modulation frequencies between 2 and 12 Gc are given.
Fuzzy PID Control of a Solar Tracking System (2009)

Because of the nonlinearity of the solar system,the accuracy of the tracking system is not high by using the traditional PID control or Fuzzy control.A new approach for the solar tracking system is presented,which is based on the PID controller combined with the Fuzzy logic designs the Fuzzy PID controller.The simulation result is also given.