gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peculiarities of phase and supermolecular structure of graft copolymers of polycaproamide with poly(methacrylic acid) (1991)

Abstract The structure of graft copolymers of PCA with PMAA obtained by the methods of chemically initiated liquid‐phase grafting polymerization has been investigated with the use of electron microscopy, electron‐probe microanalysis, and X‐ray radiography. The concentration profiles of the graft copolymer distribution along the fiber cross section and diffusion coefficients of the monomer solutions correlated with the kinetics of the graft layer penetration inside the polymeric matrix have been determined. The concentration profile of the graft polymer distribution has been shown to have drops down to the zero level. Grafting proceeds both in the amorphous regions and on the surface of imperfect crystals. The structure of the graft layer, in which the segregated chains of graft PMAA constitutes the dispersed medium and the PCA inclusions represent the dispersed phase, has been found to be heterogeneous.
In-situ biodegradation of tetrachloroethene and trichloroethene in contaminated aquifers monitored by stable isotope fractionation (2003)

Stable carbon isotope analysis of tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) was applied to evaluatenatural attenuation processes in the upper Quaternary and lower Tertiary aquifer in the area of a former dry-cleaning plant located in Leipzig, Germany. Groundwater samples were taken during one monitoring campaign in 2001. The 13C enrichment in contaminants along the water flow path suggested that both, PCE and TCE were degraded in the Quaternary aquifer. The enrichment of 13C in the residual PCE fraction and an isotope fractionation factor from laboratory experiments were used to calculate the extent of biodegradation in the Quatemary aquifer. These calculations indicated that a major portion of PCE was biodegraded in the course of the plume. In the Tertiary aquifer the carbon isotope ratios of PCE and TCE indicated that the decreasing concentrations of these contaminants were probably not caused by microbial processes.
Hydroboration. XXIV. Directive Effects in the Hydroboration of Some Substituted Styrenes<sup>1</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydroboration. XXIV. Directive Effects in the Hydroboration of Some Substituted Styrenes1Herbert C. Brown and Richard L. SharpCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 24, 5851–5854Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00976a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00976a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1109Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
One-Step Assembly of Polypyrrole-Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Sponges (2014)

We demonstrate a facile one-step route to synthesize polypyrrole (PPy)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite sponges. PPy nanoparticles and GO nanosheets are self-assembled into a welldefined and interconnected three-dimensional porous network through π- π interaction during the static polymerization of pyrrole monomers in the presence of GO nanosheets. PPy nanoparticles with the size range of 30-70 nm are uniformly dispersed on the GO surface in the three-dimensional network. The effect of GO nanosheets concentration on the water absorbency of the PPy/GO nanocomposite sponge was investigated. The results show that PPy/GO nanocomposite sponges possess improved water absorbency in distilled water as well as in saline solution. The as-prepared PPy/GO nanocomposite sponge may be a potential candidate in the fields of tissue engineering, biosensors, and controlled release.
Optical bistability with the waveguide mode (1985)

We present an exact plane-wave treatment of the triple-boundary waveguide geometry for the study of optical bistability. It is found that the switching intensity required to observe the desired switching behavior is lower by at least a factor of 25 from that previously reported, thus making this geometry a prime candidate for experimental investigation. A comparison with the results of an approximate theory is also presented, showing that the approximate theory closely describes the behavior of the system as predicted by the exact theory.
Air Force Site Characterization and Analysis Penetrometer System (AFSCAPS): Laser-Induced Fluorescence Cone Penetrometer - System Development and Evaluation. Volume 1. (1994)

Abstract : A prototype Laser-Induced Fluorescence-Electronic Cone Penetrometer Test (LIF-CPT) system was demonstrated at Tinker Air Force Base Tinker AFB), Oklahoma as an innovative technology for delineating soil contamination resulting from fuel spills. Applied Research Associates, Inc. (ARA) and North Dakota State University conducted the development program for the Air Force using LIF-CPT components developed within the Tri-Service Site Characterization and Analysis Penetrometer System (SCAPS) effort. Major components of the system consisted of ARA's cone penetrometer system coupled with North Dakota State University's tunable laser fluorimeter. To enable rapid, efficient and minimally invasive site characterization, the LIF-CPT probe data output was linked to ARA's realtime analysis system with three dimensional modeling and scientific visualization capabilities. Field testing at Tinker AFB was conducted to evaluate the LIF-CPT probe. During the testing program, 112 soundings at 8 contaminated sites were conducted. At select locations, soil and water samples were obtained with CPT or drilling technologies, and tested using analytical procedures to confirm the presence of fuel contamination, These results allowed the detection limits of the LIF-CPT probe to be evaluated for jet fuels. The Tinker AFB demonstration indicates that the LIF-CPT system can detect TPH concentrations to at least 100 mg(kg. the lower bound detection limit is believed to be lower than 100 mg(kg, but scatter in the analytical and LIF data precluded accurate determination of this bound. Research planned for the summer of 1993 will address determining the LIF-CPT lower bound detection limit.
Multimedia documents description by ordered hierarchies: the ToCAI description scheme (2002)

The authors present the ToCAI (Table of Content Analytical Index) framework, a description scheme (DS) for content description of audio-visual (AV) documents. The idea for such a description scheme comes from the structures used for indexing technical books (table of content and analytical index). This description scheme provides therefore a hierarchical description of the time sequential structure of a multimedia document (ToC), suitable for browsing, together with an "Analytical Index" (AI) of the key items of the document, suitable for retrieval. The AI allows one to represent in a ordered way the items of the AV document which are most relevant from the semantic point of view. The ordering criteria are therefore selected according to the application context. The detailed structure of the DS is presented by means of UML notation and an application example is also shown.
A Pericyte Origin of Spinal Cord Scar Tissue (2011)

There is limited regeneration of lost tissue after central nervous system injury, and the lesion is sealed with a scar. The role of the scar, which often is referred to as the glial scar because of its abundance of astrocytes, is complex and has been discussed for more than a century. Here we show that a specific pericyte subtype gives rise to scar-forming stromal cells, which outnumber astrocytes, in the injured spinal cord. Blocking the generation of progeny by this pericyte subtype results in failure to seal the injured tissue. The formation of connective tissue is common to many injuries and pathologies, and here we demonstrate a cellular origin of fibrosis.
Yolk–shell nanostructured Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@C magnetic nanoparticles with enhanced peroxidase-like activity for label-free colorimetric detection of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>and glucose (2017)

Herein, we have developed a simple and facile method to synthesize yolk-shell nanostructured Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@C nanoparticles (NPs) as a multifunctional biosensing platform for the label-free colorimetric detection of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and glucose. It was demonstrated that Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@C yolk-shell nanostructures (YSNs) retained the magnetic properties that can be used for separation and concentration. Also importantly, the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@C YSNs exhibited an intrinsic peroxidase-like activity that could quickly catalyze the enzyme substrate in the presence of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and produce a blue color. Compared to other similar ferric oxide-based NPs with different structures, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@C YSNs exhibited greatly enhanced catalytic activities due to their unique structural features. Moreover, steady-state kinetics indicated the catalytic behaviors in agreement with the classic Michaelis-Menten models. Taking advantage of the high catalytic activity, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@C YSNs were employed as novel peroxidase mimetics for label-free, rapid, sensitive, and specific colorimetric sensing of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and glucose, suggesting that Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@C YSNs have the potential for construction of portable sensors in the application of point-of-care (POC) diagnosis and on-site tests.
On Measuring Nuclear Magnetic Shielding Anisotropies in Liquid Crystal Solvents (1971)

Up to the present time nuclear magnetic shielding anisotropies (Δσ) have been determined in nematic liquid crystal solutions by comparing the chemical shifts in the isotropic and nematic phases. Unknown changes in solvent-induced shifts arising from the isotropic → nematic phase transition constitute a serious problem in the interpretation of the results. To avoid the ambiguities inherent in these shifts, a method is described for measuring Δσ in the nematic phase alone. This technique has been used to determine Δσ in a variety of <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> H- and <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">19</sup> F-containing molecules and the results are compared with those obtained by the two-phase method.
Tumor Protein p53‐Induced Nuclear Protein (TP53INP1) Expression in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Molecular Guide to the Optimal Extent of Surgery? (2010)

TP53INP1 immunoexpression appears to be a clinical predictor of lymph node metastasis in MTC. The evaluation of TP53INP1 expression may guide the extent of lymph node dissection in the clinically node-negative neck. These findings require prospective validation.
Principles and practice of butter-making; a treatise on the chemical and physical properties of milk and its components, the handling of milk and cream, and the manufacture of butter therefrom (1908)

PAGE 3. Kind of Preservatives to Add 99 4. Arrangement of Composite Samples 102 5. Care of Composite Samples 102 6. Average Samples 104 7. Composite Sampling without the Use of Preservatives 104 CHAPTER IX. Creamery Calculatiox 10 i 1. Finding Average Percentage of Fat 10.5 2. Calculation of Overrun 107 A. Thoroughness of Skimming 108 B. Completeness of Churning 108 C. General Losses in Creameries 108 D. Composition of Butter Manufactured 108 3. Calculation of Churn-yield 109 4. Calculation of Dividends 109 5. Cream-raising Coefficient 113 6. Statement to Patrons 113 7. Paying for Fat in Cream as Compared with Paying for Fat in Milk 116 S. Degree of Justice in Paying Cream Patrons More per Pound of Fat than tlie Milk Patrons 117 (TiAPTER X.
All-optoelectronic terahertz system using low-temperature-grown InGaAs photomixers (2005)

We demonstrate, for the first time, an all-optoelectronic continuous-wave terahertz photomixing system that uses low-temperature grown InGaAs devices both for emitters and coherent homodyne detectors. The system is compatible with fiber-optic excitation wavelengths, and we compare the performance to the more common LT-GaAs photomixers.
Selvobjekt- & Selvsubjekt-forhold (1996)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThe article discusses the concept of selfobjects—which in self psychology is considered the sine qua non for the development of a cohesive and differentiated bipolar self. As a main point, the distinction between immature and mature selfobject-relationships will be reconceptualized in terms of selfobjects (immature relationships) vs. selfsubjects (mature relationships). First it is argued that the concept of selfobjects is a contradictio in adjecto unless it is considered as a realistic term reffering to: (1) a dimension of subjective experiences (selfobject-experiences); (2) some concrete existing dimensions in the relationship between the self and other people (selfobject-dimensions); and (3) concrete existing people in the physical world (selfobjects). Then it is explained why the concept of true objects does not fit in the late Kohut's theoretical understanding of development, and therefore must be excluded from self psychological theory. Next a consideration of the bipolar self as a self-organizing system developing through three levels of maturity is introduced. The three levels of maturational organisation will be conceptualised as: a sense-of-self; a self-of-the-first-degree; and a self-of-the-second-degree. Correspondingly a specification of self-object-relationships in terms of: a sense-of-selfobject-relationships; selfobject-relationships; and selfsubject-relationships is proposed. A theoretical clarification of some crucial differences between immature and mature human relationships will benefit from such distinctions. Because the article is meant as a theoretical work, only a few practical implications are mentioned.
Effects of Serpin Binding on the Target Proteinase:  Global Stabilization, Localized Increased Structural Flexibility, and Conserved Hydrogen Bonding at the Active Site (1997)

The binding of human alpha1-proteinase inhibitor to rat trypsin was shown by NMR spectroscopy to raise the pKa' of His57 in the active site but not to disrupt the hydrogen bond between His57 and Asp102. Similar NMR results were observed for the Asp189 to serine mutant of rat trypsin, which is much more stable than wild-type trypsin against autoproteolysis as the result of mutation of the residue at the base of the specificity pocket. This mutant was used in further studies aimed at determining the extent of the conformational transition in trypsin that accompanies serpin binding and leads to disruption of the catalytic activity of the proteinase such that the inhibitor complex is trapped at the acyl enzyme intermediate stage. The stability of rat trypsin toward thermal denaturation was found to be lower in the free enzyme than in the complex with alpha1-proteinase inhibitor. This suggests that the complex contains extensive protein-protein interactions that stabilize overall folding. On the other hand, previous investigations have shown that the proteinase in serpin-proteinase complexes becomes more susceptible to limited proteolysis, suggesting that the conformational change that accompanies binding leads to the exposure of susceptible loops in the enzyme. The existence of this type of conformational change upon complex formation has been confirmed here by investigation of the rate of cleavage of disulfide linkages by added dithiothreitol. This study revealed that, despite the increased stability of trypsin in the complex, one or more of its disulfide bridges becomes much more easily reduced. We suggest that the process of complex formation with alpha1-proteinase inhibitor converts trypsin D189S into an inactive, loose structure, which serves as a "conformational trap" of the enzyme that prevents catalytic deacylation. It is also proposed that plastic region(s) of the activation domain of trypsin may play a crucial role in this inhibitor-induced structural rearrangement.
Modes of hexamethonium action on acetylcholine receptor channels in frog skeletal muscle (1991)

1. The antagonism between hexamethonium and cholinoceptor agonists was investigated in frog skeletal muscle fibres with voltage-clamp techniques. Hexamethonium caused a voltage-dependent reduction in the amplitude of endplate currents. For neurally evoked endplate currents, the reduction increased e-fold with a 38 mV membrane hyperpolarization. 2. The effect of hexamethonium on the time course of endplate currents was small, and was most apparent as a slight prolongation of the decay phase at hyperpolarized potentials (more negative than -100 mV). A similar small prolongation of single channel lifetime was detected with fluctuation analysis techniques. Hexamethonium produced a voltage-dependent reduction in apparent single channel conductance as the membrane was hyperpolarized. 3. Log (concentration-response) curves for acetylcholine (ACh)-induced currents, determined either from currents accompanying ramp changes in membrane potential or from steady state currents in voltage-jump experiments, were less steep for responses in the presence of hexamethonium. This reduction in slope became more pronounced at more negative membrane potentials. Observations at +50 mV suggested that the equilibrium constant for competitive antagonism was approximately 200 microM. 4. In voltage-jump experiments with a two-microelectrode voltage clamp, the current evoked by ACh in the presence of hexamethonium differed from that recorded with ACh alone. In the presence of hexamethonium, the expected 'instantaneous' ohmic increase in membrane current in response to a hyperpolarizing step was not detected; instead a decrease in current was observed. This problem was further investigated with a vaseline-gap voltage-clamp technique which provides improved temporal resolution. With this method a rapid decrease in the ACh-induced inward current was observed with step hyperpolarizations in the presence of hexamethonium. 5. When the membrane potential was stepped back to its resting level from a more hyperpolarized potential in the presence of hexamethonium, there was a surge of ACh-induced inward current that decayed with a time constant of less than 100 microseconds. 6. The slow relaxation in the ACh-induced current that followed a voltage step recorded in the presence of hexamethonium was slower than that recorded with ACh alone. In the presence of hexamethonium the time constant of this relaxation increased e-fold for a 67 mV hyperpolarization. 7. The results are consistent with a rapid voltage-dependent block of ACh-activated channels by hexamethonium with hyperpolarization, and voltage-dependent unblock with depolarization. The voltagedependent block is combined with competitive antagonism at the ACh receptors. However, not all observations appear to be compatible with a simple sequential block of open ion channels, but rather suggest that occupation of the channel by hexamethonium may not prevent channel closure.
The Effect of Demand Information Sharing in Supply Chain Management (2002)

This paper presents the effect of demand information sharing between a set maker and a component supplier in the electronic device industries. We extend the information sharing (collaboration) from lower level of planning (short- or intermediate-planning) to higher level of planning (long-term planning). Using a computer simulation model, this examines the performance of the supply chain under different information sharing methods. The result shows that information sharing of long-term planning improves the profits of the maker and supplier more than that of short- or intermediate-term planning. Furthermore, we will report on the result of examining the effect of information sharing with different demand patterns faced by the maker and cost structures.
Long-term follow-up after triple treatment of prostate cancer stage pT3 (2009)

Patients with locally advanced prostate cancer have a high risk of progression after RP as single therapy. Postoperative RT has been shown to improve the outcome. Neoadjuvant/adjuvant hormonal therapy has been shown to improve the outcome after RT. Bringing this knowledge together offering a multimodality therapy with neoadjuvant/adjuvant hormonal therapy, RP followed by postoperative immediate RT seems to offer a high chance of biochemical-free survival.
Verfahren zur simulativen Modellierung der Gleichtaktanregung (2016)

Die Anforderungen an die elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit (EMV) leistungselektronischer Systeme erfordern bei deren Design eine detaillierte Modellierung der durch die Schalthandlungen verursachten Störanregung. Dabei wird abhängig vom Kopplungspfad zwischen Gleichund Gegentaktstörung unterschieden. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Modellierung der Anregung des Gleichtaktsystems, der Gleichtaktanregung. Zur Modellierung der Gleichtaktanregung sind aus der Literatur verschiedene Ansätze [1-6] bekannt, welche die Schaltflanke abschnittsweise im Zeitund Frequenzbereich parametrieren. In diesem Beitrag wird ein neuer Ansatz zur Modellierung der Gleichtaktanregung mit PT-Gliedern vorgestellt. Die Vorteile verglichen mit bisherigen Ansätzen sind einerseits die effiziente Berechnung über einen weiten Zeitund Frequenzbereich, wodurch ein abschnittsweises Parametrieren entfällt, und andererseits die intuitive Modellierung von Überschwingern und Spannungsschweif. Zum Vergleich werden verschiedene Ansätze gegenübergestellt und anhand von Messungen an einem kommerziellen IGBT-Modul (Infineon HybridPACK2 mit 800 A Nennstrom) bewertet.
Treatment of dogs infected with Hepatozoon americanum: 53 cases (1989–1998) (2001)

Although no treatment effectively eliminated the tissue stages of H. americanum, treatment with trimethoprim-sulfadiazine, clindamycin, and pyrimethamine followed by long-term administration of decoquinate resulted in extended survival times and excellent quality of life.
Efficient and Regioselective Halogenations of 2-Amino-1,3-thiazoles with Copper Salts (2009)

Monohalo and dihalo 1,3-thiazole derivatives can be efficiently and selectively prepared under mild conditions from 2-amino-1,3-thiazoles. Halogenations proceed easily in the presence of copper(I) or copper(II) chlorides, bromides, or iodides directly in solution or with supported copper halides.