gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model filled polymers. I. Synthesis of crosslinked monodisperse polystyrene beads (1990)

Abstract Monodisperse crosslinked polystyrene beads of varied size and crosslink density are prepared by emulsion copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene in the absence of emulsifier. Tumbling and internally stirred reactors were used for synthesis, with minimal agglomeration at at least 0.22 wt % potassium persulfate and up to 10% by weight of styrene in aqueous emulsion in the absence of oxygen. Particle sizes decreased from 800 to 200 nm on raising the polymerization temperature from 60 to 95°C. The glass transition temperature of the beads increased from 104.4 to 133°C by the inclusion of up to 10% by weight of divinylbenzene. The thermal stability of the beads was higher for peroxide than for persulfate initiation. The crosslink density estimated from the degree of swelling was about one third that expected from stoichiometry. The polystyrene beads are used as filler particles in polymer composites.
ChemInform Abstract: NEUE SYNTH., DIE ANNELLIERUNG VON LACTONEN (1973)

Abstract Cyclohexanon (I) reagiert mit Diphenylsulfoniumcyclopropylid zu dem Oxaspiro‐Derivat (II), das sich sauer zum Cyclobutanon (III) umlagert, welches dann mit alkalischem Wasserstoffperoxid zum annellierten Lacton (IV) reagiert.
A root of less evil [digital signal processing (2005)

This work discusses several methods for estimating the square root of a number, with particular focus on high-speed techniques for approximating the square root of a single value as well as the square root of a sum of squares for quadrature (I/Q) vector magnitude estimation. The paper presents the Newton-Raphson inverse method and the nonlinear IIR filter method for estimating the square root of a single value using iterative methods. It also presents the binary-shift magnitude estimation method and the equiripple-error magnitude estimation method for estimating the magnitude of a complex number.
Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome in an 18‐week fetus with hydrops (1984)

We present the case of an 18-week abortus with lethal multiple pterygium syndrome and hydrops. Radiographic and anatomic study showed none of the bony abnormalities reported in live-born children with multiple pterygium syndrome. The pathogenesis of the hydrops was not apparent. The findings of cleft palate, pulmonary hypoplasia, muscular atrophy, gracile thoracic bones, and fetal death are typical of the lethal variant.
Comments on coggeshall et al., PAIN , 52 (1992) 233–242 (1993)

Department of Experimental Neurology Department of Neuropathology Gasthuisberg, University of Leuven B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
Composite Mandibulectomy (2012)

This novel animal model reliably replicates the en bloc segmental mandibular defects seen in our patient population and can be manipulated to achieve a wide variety of research objectives.
A new method for experimental characterisation of scattered radiation in 64-slice CT scanner (2010)

The method developed within this study is applicable to any measurement and is direct with minimal complexity.
Testing a non-lethal DNA isolation technique for freshwater mussels that is compatible with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based studies (2007)

In this study, a non-lethal DNA isolation technique was developed for freshwater mussels. A total of 45 Quadrula quadrula, 21 Q. metanevra, and 19 Q. pustulosa were collected from the Neosho and Verdigris Rivers in eastern Kansas. DNA was successfully isolated from 82 mussels using the non-lethal technique developed in this study. Spectrophotometer analysis of the 82 DNA samples resulted in an average DNA concentration of 488 ng/μl. Agarose gel electrophoresis of polymerase chain reaction products obtained using the purified mussel DNA demonstrated high quality, reproducible amplification products. All mussels remained alive for several months after tissue biopsy in the laboratory. A mark and recapture study was also performed to confirm survivability, thereby ensuring our procedure was non-lethal. Recapture efforts resulted in a 56% live recovery of mussels from the Neosho River and a 78% live recovery from mussels in the Verdigris River approximately four and one-half months after their release.
Evidence for Progestogen Secretion by ACTH-Stimulated Adrenals. (1953)

1. Daily doses of 30 γ of an ACTH suspension in beeswax and peanut oil injected for a week stimulated the adrenals of immature hypophysectomized and oophorectomized rats to form progestogen(s) as shown by the deciduoma test. 2. MH in daily doses as low as 50 γ accomplished this effect in immature hypophysectomized-adrenalectomized rats, the ovaries of which had previously been luteinized with PMSG. 3. Progesterone and DOCA in 7 daily doses of one mg induced deciduoma formation in immature hypophysectomized rats; hydrocortisone in 7 daily doses of 5 mg did not. 4. Since both MH and ACTH induce progestogen secretion, an assayist should study the respective target tissue of each (corpus luteum or adrenal cortex) for histologic evidence of activation rather than use biologic or chemical evidence of progestogen formation. An alternative would be to test for MH progestogen in hypophysectomized-adrenalectomized animals, and for ACTH-progestogen after hypophysectomy and oophorectomy.
Macromolecular reactions in polymer blends: interchain effects (2006)

Interchain interactions affect both reactivity and mobility of macromolecules and hence influence such processes as interdiffusion and phase separation. Three types of reactions in polymer blends proceeding without participation of low molecular reagents and leading to different kinds of copolymers are considered. For polymeranalogous reaction leading to statistical copolymers, the evolution of the blend structure under concerted action of the reaction and interdiffusion is described. For end-coupling reaction leading to a diblock copolymer formation, the competition between the reaction and spinodal decomposition is considered. For interchain exchange reaction in a homogeneous melt leading to multi-block and eventually to random copolymers, an analytical description of the molecular weight and block length transient distributions of the reaction product is developed. For the interchain exchange in a quasi-homogeneous blend, the competition between the reaction and spinodal decomposition is considered. Some important unsolved problems are mentioned.
Regulatory T Cell Responses Develop in Parallel to Th Responses and Control the Magnitude and Phenotype of the Th Effector Populatio (2006)

Host survival during schistosomiasis requires the development of a tightly regulated and Th2-polarized immune response against parasite egg Ags. In this system, Th1 response suppression has been thought to be enforced through the production of IL-10 by Th2 cells and natural T regulatory (Treg) cells. By comparing Th responses in schistosome egg-injected mice that lack IL-10, IL-4, and/or Treg cells, we have been able to build a detailed picture of the relative contributions of Treg cells, Th2 cells, and IL-10 to regulation of the egg-induced response. Our data indicate that eggs induce a marked Treg cell response, evident as the extensive proliferation of Foxp3(+) cells that is proportionally as great as the response occurring within the Th compartment. Furthermore, we show that Treg cells prevent Th1 response development and limit the magnitude of the Th2 response. Although Treg cells are able to produce IL-10 after egg injection, we found no evidence for a role for IL-10 in Treg-mediated suppression of Th cell responses, nor did we find evidence for an inhibitory effect of Th2 cells on Th1 response development. Thus, the magnitude and phenotype of the egg-induced effector Th response are controlled by a parallel response within the Treg population.
Significant and Unexpected Solvent Influence on the Selectivity of Laccase‐Catalyzed Coupling of Tetrahydro‐2‐naphthol Derivatives (2005)

Abstract The relative ratio of the dimers obtained by laccase‐catalyzed oxidation of tetrahydronaphthyl derivatives was profoundly influenced by the nature of the organic solvent used. For instance, in the oxidation of 5,6,7,8‐tetrahydronaphtalen‐2‐ol ( 1 ), the formation of the symmetrical 1,1′ product 1a with respect to the 1,3′ dimer 1b was highly favored in the aromatic solvents benzene and toluene.
Molecular Motion of Polyethylene Chain-End Radicals Tethered on the Surface of Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) in Vacuo at Extremely Low Temperatures (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular Motion of Polyethylene Chain-End Radicals Tethered on the Surface of Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) in Vacuo at Extremely Low TemperaturesMasato Sakaguchi, Shigetaka Shimada, Yasuro Hori, Akihito Suzuki, Fumio Kawaizumi, Masahiro Sakai, and Shunji BandowCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 24, 8450–8452Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00128a072https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00128a072research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views46Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reconstruction of Photon Number Distribution without Relying on Photon Number-Resolving Detector (2005)

The photon number distribution is reconstructed from the measured statistics of vacuum states in single-photon detection. Numerical results are presented for the coherent, thermal, number and squeezed-vacuum states. The quantum efficiency of single-photon detection should be high for the successful evaluation of the number state. The quantum efficiency provides the marginal influence for the evaluation of the coherent, thermal and squeezed-vacuum states. However, the accuracy of the reconstructed photon number distribution of the squeezed-vacuum state is low even though the quantum efficiency is unity. For a more accurate reconstruction, we must obtain a priori information on the photon number distribution of the squeezed-vacuum state.
Rare Earth Metal Tris(borohydride) Complexes as Initiators for ε-Caprolactone Polymerization:  General Features and IR Investigations of the Process (2005)

Trivalent rare earth metal borohydride complexes Ln(BH4)3(THF)3 (Ln = La, Nd, Sm) initiate the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) to give, in quantitative yields and in a few minutes, α,ω-dihydroxytelechelic poly(ε-caprolactone) displaying a relatively narrow molar mass distribution (≤1.3). The polymer features depend on both the metal and the solvent. A good agreement between M̄n(theo) and M̄n(exp) is observed for low [monomer]0/[initiator]0 values whereas a deviation (M̄n(exp) < M̄n(theo)) is obtained at higher ratios; this behavior has been rationalized by the occurrence of some transfer reactions. The gel formed during the polymerization arises from the involvement of the −(OBH2) end groups of the active polymer chains in several inter- and intramolecular van der Waals interactions, as revealed by in-depth infrared investigations of the various intermediates implicated in the whole polymerization mechanism. Finally, the polymers synthesized display only traces of residual nontoxic rare earth metals, thus making them suitable for biomedical applications.
Highlight: European BioEnergetics Conference 2012 in Freiburg (2013)

No abstract available.
Vertical Distance from the Crest of Bone to the Height of the Interproximal Papilla Between Adjacent Implants (2003)

Clinicians should proceed with great caution when placing two implants adjacent to each other in the esthetic zone. In most cases, only 2, 3, or 4 mm of soft tissue height (average 3.4 mm) can be expected to form over the interimplant crest of bone. These results showed that modification of treatment plans may be necessary when esthetics are critical for success.
Effect of lactose hydrolysis on calcium absorption during duodenal milk perfusion (1988)

A multi-lumen intubation system was used to study the absorption of calcium, glucose and galactose in 13 human subjects. The intubation was placed between the duodenum abdomen and proximal jejunum and the subjects were perfused with milk and lactase-supplemented milk. Lactose disappearance over a 20 cm length of intestine was used as the index of lactase activity. The subjects were assigned to one of two groups, lactase-normal and lactase-deficient. There was linear correlation between the absorption of calcium and lactose: lactase-deficient subjects absorbed less calcium than lactase-normal subjects. Perfusion with lactase-supplemented milk enhanced calcium absorption in lactase-deficient subjects but had no effect on that of normal lactase subjects. All subjects absorbed approximately the same percentage of perfused calcium (24%) when perfused with hydrolysed milk. These data indicate that the enhancement of calcium absorption is not a function of lactase per se, but of its hydrolytic products, glucose and galactose.
Photovoltages in Silicon and Germanium Layers (1961)

Photovoltages up to a few hundred volts at room temperature and up to a few thousand at liquid nitrogen temperatures were observed under strong illumination in silicon and germanium layers with a distance of about 1 cm between electrodes. Only samples with a thickness gradient of evaporated material exhibited these photovoltages. In both the Ge and the Si layers the photovoltage showed an almost linear relationship with illuminating intensity. Both the magnitude and sign of the voltage depended on which side of the film was irradiated, the wave length of incident light, and the temperature. The dark resistance of these layers varied between 1011 and 1014 ohms. A theoretical interpretation of the origin of these voltages is given.
A phase I trial of doxorubicin and flavopiridol in soft tissue sarcoma (2006)

9523 Background: Flavopiridol, a potent cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor, has been shown in vitro to enhance doxorubicin induced apoptosis. Using the BWH dediffentiated liposarcoma xenograft model we have shown that sequential therapy with doxorubicin (D) followed 1 hour later by flavopiridol (F) is superior to doxorubicin alone (p=0.006). Single agent flavopiridol was also active in this xenograft model, but less so than the combination. Methods: We have commenced an ongoing phase I study of the combination of D and F on the basis of this preclinical data in soft tissue sarcoma with fixed dose D (60 mg/m 2 ), followed 1 hour later by escalating doses of F (40–70 mg/m 2 ) administered over one hour, every 3 weeks. Standard phase I eligibility criteria apply. No prior anthracycline therapy is allowed. At 300 mg/m 2 D, dexrazoxane is added to D F. Patients with responsive or stable disease after cumulative D dose of 600mg/m 2 can receive single agent flavopiridol. Results: Median characteristics of 7 evaluable patients: age 52 (31–65), KPS 80% (70–90), 3 males / 4 females, 0 prior regimens (range 0–2). The combination has been well-tolerated, with no dose limiting toxicity (DLT) yet. There has been 1 grade 3 bleed in the setting of progressive disease and 1 grade 4 neutropenia without fever. Grade 1 and 2 diarrhea, related to flavopiridol have been observed. Pharmacokinetic (PK) studies are ongoing. We have observed no partial responses (PR). Prolonged stable disease (SD) has been seen in 3 patients for 6, 6 and 11 months. Two patients with SD have liposarcoma. One patient with liposarcoma continues on single agent flavopiridol with stable disease after having reached the prescribed limit of D of 600 mg/m 2 . Conclusions: The combination of doxorubicin and flavopiridol is safe, with no unexpected toxicities. Disease stabilization in STS has been observed. This appears to be an encouraging combination in liposarcoma and is consistent with our preclinical model. Flavopiridol dose escalation is continuing. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Monte Carlo Investigation Of Carrier-Carrier Interaction And Ultrafast Cooling Of Hot Photoexcited Carriers In GaAs (1987)

The role of the electron-electron (e-e), hole-hole (h-h), and electron-hole (e-h) interaction on ultrafast cooling of carriers in GaAs is examined for excess excitation energies of 40, 200, and 300 meV using an Ensemble Monte Carlo (EMC) approach. It is found that when the initial energy of the carrier is below the phonon emission threshold carrier-carrier (c-c) interactions stimulate either the optical phonon emission or absorption process depending on whether the initial energy of the carrier is above or below the thermal energy, respectively. The e-h interaction role is strong when excitation energy is below the LO phonon emission threshold.
Design of resistive inserts for the NHMFL 45-T hybrid magnet (1994)

Presents conceptual designs for 24-27 MW hybrid magnet inserts generating more than 31 T in a warm bore of 32 mm to be installed at the new National High Magnetic Field Laboratory. The insert housing is designed to accommodate both axially and radially cooled magnets although here we only present axially cooled designs. The magnet coils are radially partitioned (poly-Bitter) to provide high fields at moderate stress and cooling levels. GlidCop, Cu-Be and Cu-Ag conductors are considered providing resistive fields as high as 34 T in a background field of 14 T.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterization of Offgas Generated During Calcination of Incinerator Ash Surrogates (1999)

The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), in cooperation with the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and Safe Sites of Colorado (SSOC), developed a recommended flowsheet for the processing of plutonium-bearing incinerator ash stored at the Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site (RFETS) (Lucy et al. 1998). This flowsheet involves a calcination pretreatment step, the purpose of which is to remove carbonaceous material from the incinerator ash. Removal of this material reduced the probability of process upsets, improved product quality, and increases ash waste loading. As part of the continued development of the recommended flowsheet, PNNL performed a series of tests to characterize the offgas generated during the calcination process.
Dearomatisation of 2-naphthol by oxidative nucleophilic substitution: an efficient two-step process (1984)

An efficient synthesis of 1,1-dimethoxynaphthalen-2(1H)-one (13) has been achieved. Oxidation of 2-naphthol with bis-p-nitrobenzoyl peroxide gave the known derivative (5). Methylation with diazomethane and hydrolysis afforded 1-methoxy-2-naphthol which was oxidised in methanol to the enone (13) in high yield. The synthesis could also be carried out with benzoyl peroxide, but with lower yields.
The effect of changes in the conductive medium on the fetal ECG throughout gestation (1989)

The electrical conduction of the ECG from the fetal heart to the maternal abdomen has been modelled by using volume conductor models based on the measured actual geometry. The models have been verified by means of multi-lead recordings of the fetal ECG. The results show that early in pregnancy (less than 28 weeks) the conduction can successfully be described by an electrically homogeneous model. Based on this model, a description of the fetal ECG that is independent of the position of the fetus is derived. In late pregnancies, the conduction is dominated by the isolating effect of the vernix caseosa. As the distribution of the vernix over the fetal body is unknown, the shape of the fetal ECG is disturbed in an unintelligible way. As a consequence, caution has to be applied when using the shape of the fetal ECG for diagnostic means.
Direct measurement of neuronal current by MRI (2010)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
Combine and Conquer: Surfactants, Solvents, and Chaotropes for Robust Mass Spectrometry Based Analyses of Membrane Proteins (2014)

Mass spectrometry (MS) based proteomic technologies enable the identification and quantification of membrane proteins as well as their post-translational modifications. A prerequisite for their quantitative and reliable MS-based bottom-up analysis is the efficient digestion into peptides by proteases, though digestion of membrane proteins is typically challenging due to their inherent properties such as hydrophobicity. Here, we investigated the effect of eight commercially available MS-compatible surfactants, two organic solvents, and two chaotropes on the enzymatic digestion efficiency of membrane protein-enriched complex mixtures in a multiphase study using a gelfree approach. Multiple parameters, including the number of peptides and proteins identified, total protein sequence coverage, and digestion specificity were used to evaluate transmembrane protein digestion performance. A new open-source software tool was developed to allow for the specific assessment of transmembrane domain sequence coverage. Results demonstrate that while Progenta anionic surfactants outperform other surfactants when tested alone, combinations of guanidine and acetonitrile improve performance of all surfactants to near similar levels as well as enhance trypsin specificity to >90%, which has critical implications for future quantitative and qualitative proteomic studies.
Percutaneous tissue engineered pulmonary valved stent implantation (2009)

Aims: Transfemoral application of pulmonary heart valves has been recently introduced clinically. An autologous tissue-engineering approach was pursued to overcome the current limitations of degeneration, calcification, and limited longevity of bovine jugular vein valves.
The Genes Responsible for Human Progeroid Syndromes. (2000)

In 1 978, Martin screened genetic diseases described in "Mendelian Inheritance In Man" which was edited by McKusick, in order to find genetic syndromes with potential relevance to the pathobiology of aging. He selected 162 progeroid syndromes out of 2,336 genetic diseases according to the phenotypic criteria shown in Table Table Downsyndrome is the top progeroid
Statistical machine translation by parsing (2004)

In an ordinary syntactic parser, the input is a string, and the grammar ranges over strings. This paper explores generalizations of ordinary parsing algorithms that allow the input to consist of string tuples and/or the grammar to range over string tuples. Such algorithms can infer the synchronous structures hidden in parallel texts. It turns out that these generalized parsers can do most of the work required to train and apply a syntax-aware statistical machine translation system.