gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The <i>Arabidopsis</i> homeobox gene <i>ATHB‐7</i> is induced by water deficit and by abscisic acid (1996)

Homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) proteins are putative transcription factors encoded by a class of recently discovered homeobox genes as yet found only in plants. This paper reports on the characterization of one of these genes, ATHB-7, in Arabidopsis thaliana. ATHB-7 transcripts were present in all organs of the plant at low levels, but expression was induced several-fold by water deficit, osmotic stress as well as by exogenous treatment with abscisic acid (ABA), a response being detectable at 10(-8) M and reaching a maximum at 10(-6) M ABA. The ATHB-7 transcript was detected within 30 min after treatment with ABA and the transcript level was rapidly reduced after removal of the hormone. The induction of ATHB-7 was shown to be mediated strictly via ABA, since no induction of ATHB-7 was detectable in the ABA-deficient mutant aba-3 subjected to drought treatment. Induction levels in two ABA-insensitive mutants abi2 and abi3 were similar to the wild-type response. In the abi1 mutant, however, induction was impaired as 100-fold higher concentrations of ABA were required for a maximum induction as compared with wild-type. In this mutant the ATHB-7 response was reduced also after drought and osmotic stress treatments. These results indicate that ATHB-7 is transcriptionally regulated in an ABA-dependent manner and may act in a signal transduction pathway which mediates a drought response and also includes ABI1.
Surface related degradation of sensitivity in lateral transistor magnetic sensors (2003)

It is shown that the sensitivity of silicon lateral P-N-P magneto-transistors can have a significant dependency on the operating conditions of their surface. The sensitivity of experimental devices built were observed to change by as much as an order of magnitude, depending on the design, as the surface conditions were swept from accumulation to inversion. The surface conditions between the emitter and the collector of such devices need to be stabilized with a constant biased gate for reproducible magnetic field measurements in addition to employing a fabrication process that yields consistent surface conditions and minimum surface state and charge density.
Parametric yield formulation of MOS IC's affected by mismatch effect (1999)

A rigorous formulation of the parametric yield for very large scale integration (VLSI) designs including the mismatch effect is proposed. The theory has been carried out starting from a general statistical model relating random variations of device parameters to the stochastic behavior of process parameters. The model predicts a dependence of correlation, between devices fabricated in the same die, on their dimensions and mutual distances so that mismatch between equally designed devices can be considered as a particular case of such a model. As an application example, a new model for the autocorrelation function is proposed from which the covariance matrix of the parameters is derived. By assuming a linear approximation, a suitable formulation of the parametric yield for VLSI circuit design is obtained in terms of the covariance matrix of parameters.
Hemilabile Pincer-Type Hydride Complexes of Iridium (2007)

The ligand tBu2PC2H4NHC2H4NEt2 (PNHN) was synthesized starting from 2-(diethylamino)ethyl chloride hydrochloride and ethanolamine. Reaction of PNHN with [IrCl(COE)2]2 under H2 afforded the dihydride cis-IrH2Cl(κ3-PNHN) (1) in excellent yield. Treatment of 1 with tBuOK led to clean formation of the 16-electron amido complex IrH2(κ3-PNN) (2). Hydrogenation of 2 in toluene or ethyl acetate produced the trihydride mer-IrH3(κ3-PNHN) (3). This complex was unstable and dimerized to give [IrH2(κ2-PNHN)]2(μ-H)2 (4) with uncoordinated NEt2 groups. The structures of 1 and 4 were established by X-ray crystallography. Complex 2 demonstrated good catalytic activity for transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone, cyclohexanone, and butanone.
3D-DART: a DNA structure modelling server (2009)

There is a growing interest in structural studies of DNA by both experimental and computational approaches. Often, 3D-structural models of DNA are required, for instance, to serve as templates for homology modeling, as starting structures for macro-molecular docking or as scaffold for NMR structure calculations. The conformational adaptability of DNA when binding to a protein is often an important factor and at the same time a limitation in such studies. As a response to the demand for 3D-structural models reflecting the intrinsic plasticity of DNA we present the 3D-DART server (3DNA-Driven DNA Analysis and Rebuilding Tool). The server provides an easy interface to a powerful collection of tools for the generation of DNA-structural models in custom conformations. The computational engine beyond the server makes use of the 3DNA software suite together with a collection of home-written python scripts. The server is freely available at http://haddock.chem.uu.nl/dna without any login requirement.
Muzzle shunt augmentation of conventional railguns (1991)

Augmentation is a well-known technique for reducing the armature current, and hence the armature power dissipation, in a plasma armature railgun. In spite of the advantages, no large augmented railguns have been built, primarily due to the mechanical and electrical complexity introduced by the extra conductors required. It is possible to achieve some of the benefits of augmentation in a conventional railgun by diverting a fraction phi of the input current through a shunt path at the muzzle of the railgun. In particular, the relation between force and armature current is the same as that obtained in an n-turn, series-connected augmented railgun with n=1/(1- phi ). The price of this simplification is a reduction in electrical efficiency and some additional complexity in the external electrical system. Additions to the electrical system are required to establish the shunt current and to control its magnitude during projectile acceleration. The relationship between muzzle shunt augmentation and conventional series augmentation is developed, and various techniques for establishing and controlling the shunt current are illustrated with a practical example.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[Splenectomy in epithelial ovarian cancer: analysis of 32 cases]. (2008)

In epithelial ovarian cancer patients with splenic metastasis, low grade serous adenocarcinoma is most common. Splenectomy as part of cytoreductive surgery is associated with modest morbidity and mortality. Residual tumor and courses of chemotherapy are independent factors associated with the prognosis of the patients.
Mining Association Rules From Unstructured Documents (2008)

This paper presents a system for discovering association rules from collections of unstructured documents called EART (Extract Association Rules from Text). The EART system treats texts only not images or figures. EART discovers association rules amongst keywords labeling the collection of textual documents. The main characteristic of EART is that the system integrates XML technology (to transform unstructured documents into structured documents) with Information Retrieval scheme (TF-IDF) and Data Mining technique for association rules extraction. EART depends on word feature to extract association rules. It consists of four phases: structure phase, index phase, text mining phase and visualization phase. Our work depends on the analysis of the keywords in the extracted association rules through the co-occurrence of the keywords in one sentence in the original text and the existing of the keywords in one sentence without co-occurrence. Experiments applied on a collection of scientific documents selected from MEDLINE that are related to the outbreak of H5N1 avian influenza virus.
Comparison of extraction techniques for quantitative determination of rutin from morus alba linn. By reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. (2011)

A simple, more efficient, less time consuming extraction technique has been developed for extraction of rutin, a flavonoid, from dry leaf powder of Morus alba Linn. Rutin was extracted from dried leaf powder of Morus alba Linn., using aqueous methanol as extracting solvent, using shaking extraction technique and ultrasonic extraction technique. The aqueous methanolic extracts obtained from these two techniques, were analysed by reverse phase HPLC method for quantitation of rutin. Chromatographic analysis was carried out on Cosmosil C18 column (150mm X 4.6mm, 5μm). The mobile phase used was a mixture of distilled water, methanol and triethylamine, in the volume ratio of 60:40:0.1, adjusted to pH 3.10, with orthophosphoric acid, at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The UV detection was carried out at 256 nm.
A Simplified Wittig Synthesis of Substituted Styrenes (1976)

Abstract The Wittig reaction has been used originally by Hauser1 e.a. for the preparation of styrene using formaldehyde in non-aquous solutions and butyl lithium as the base. Aquous formaldehyde solutions, that are preparatively more attractive, have recently been introduced by Butcher2 e.a. during the preparation of para nitrostyrene. The method consisted in a previous isolation of p-nitrobenzyl triphenylphosphorane obtained by treatment of the onium salt with 10% aquous sodium carbonate after which it was condensed as a suspension with 40% aquous formaldehyde. Frequently however phosphoranes are not stable enough in alkaline solutions (giving rapidly rise to substituted toluenes) as to generalize this procedure (cfr. ref. 3).
Proposal of Neotype for Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum and the Merging of Clostridium tartarivorum with Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum (1978)

The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) relationships among strains of the thermophilic species Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum, C. thermosaccharolyticum, and C. tartarivorum, other saccharolytic, proteolytic, and acetate-producing clostridia, and some sulfate-reducing bacteria were studied by DNA-DNA hybridization experiments. Strains of the species C. thermohydrosulfuricum were found to constitute a genotypically homogeneous group clearly unrelated to the strains of the species C. thermosaccharolyticum and other competitor strains used. Strains of the species C. tartarivorum showed a high level of homology with the reference strain C. thermosaccharolyticum ATCC 7956. The guanine-plus-cytosine contents of the acetate-forming clostridia C. formicoaceticum and C. thermoaceticum were 34.0 and 54.0 mol%, respectively.
COMPARISON OF INSECTICIDE STRATEGIES IN SPRING CANOLA, 1998 (1999)

CANOLA, 1998: An on-farm trial was established in a RBD of four replicates of 50 x 500 feet each on cooperator owned land 12 miles NE of Pomeroy, WA. A treatment consisting of 10.0 oz (AI) cwt Gaucho 75 ST applied as a seed treatment, was established at planting. An untreated check was also established at planting. A third treatment consisted of a combination of 8.0 oz (AI) cwt Gaucho 75 ST applied as a seed treatment at planting, with a subsequent application of Capture 2 E at full bloom. Counts of CA colonies per m 2 were taken before treatment (PrCt)(53 DAE), 3 DAT(56 DAE), and 7 DAT(60 DAE). Application of Capture was made by airplane at 20psi/5gpa. CSPW exit holes per 100 pods were counted at harvest, and yield data was collected.
High-pressure injection injury of the hand: an often underestimated trauma: case report with study of the literature (2008)

The real extent of damage in high-pressure injection injuries (grease gun injuries, paint gun injuries, pressure gun in juries) is hidden behind a small and frequently painless punctiform skin lesion on the finger or the hand. These kinds of injuries require prompt surgical intervention with surgical debridement of all ischemic tissue. Possibility of a general intoxication by the fluid must always be ruled out. Postoperative intensive physiotherapy is essential for the final hand function. The initial benign aspect is frequently causing a delay for an adequate treatment while in the mean time the possibility for subcutaneous damage continuously increases. Because of this delay the chance of permanent reduced functionality in the hand or finger amputation raises. Not only the latency time to adequate treatment but also the injected fluid's nature, the pressure, the volume and the location of injection, has influence on the seriousness and extensiveness of subcutaneous damage. All these factors influence the functional outcome of the patient.
Patologiya endometriya pri nalichii miomy matki (2006)

Гиперпластические процессы эндо - и миометрия до настоящего времени продолжают представлять собой сложную и многогранную проблему теоретической и клинической медицины.Многие вопросы, касающиеся миомы матки и гиперпластических процессов эндометрия, остаются спорными и нерешенными. Как образуются опухолевые процессы в матке - одновременно или поочередно? Развиваются самостоятельно или зависимо друг от друга? Какие факторы влияют на длительность заболевания и пролиферативную активность клеток? Особенности клинического течения миомы матки и прогноз заболевания определяется прежде всего вариантом ее развития (простая и пролиферирующая миома), локализацией миоматозных узлов, их размерами и ростом. Но, принимая во внимание тот факт, что в 76% случаев миома матки сочетается с гиперпластическими процессами эндометрия, можно предположить, что клинические проявления миомы во многом зависят и определяются формой гиперплазии эндометрия.
Epidemiology of primary Sjogren's syndrome in north-west Greece, 1982–2003 (2005)

The estimated incidence and prevalence of pSS in this study were slightly higher in comparison with data from other studies based on physician-diagnosed cases. The prevalence was significantly lower when compared with the findings of studies based on the examination of a sample of the general population. Mortality rates did not differ significantly between pSS patients and the general population.
Thermal and Optical Enhancements to Liquid Crystal Hot Spot Detection Methods (1997)

Abstract Three enhancements to Liquid Crystal hot spot detection improve thermal and optical sensitivity while substantially maintaining simplicity, safety and relative low cost. These enhancements have permitted detection of hot spots unidentifiable by traditional LC methods. Details, capabilities and limitations of the enhancements are discussed, results of rudimentary defect thermal modeling are presented, and an improved metric for evaluating LC technique sensitivity is proposed.
Dynamically accelerating client-side web applications through decoupled execution (2011)

The emergence and wide adoption of Web applications have moved the client-side component, often written in JavaScript, to the forefront of computing on the Web. Web application developers try to move more computation to the client side to avoid unnecessary network traffic and make the applications more responsive. Therefore, JavaScript applications are becoming larger and more computation intensive. Trace-based just-in-time compilation have been proposed to address the performance bottleneck in these applications. In this paper, we exploit the extra processing power in multicore systems to further improve the performance of trace-based execution of JavaScript programs. In trace-based engines, a considerable portion of execution time is spent on running guards which are operations inserted in the native code to check if the properties assumed by the compiled code actually hold during execution. We introduce ParaGuard to off-load these guards to another thread, while speculatively executing the main trace. In a manner similar to what happens in current trace-based JITs, if a check fails, ParaGuard aborts the native trace execution and reverts back to interpreting the JavaScript bytecode. We also propose several optimizations including guard branch aggregation and profile-based snapshot elimination to further improve the performance of our technique. We show that ParaGuard can achieve an average of 15% performance improvement over current trace-based compilers using an extra processor on commodity multicore processors.
Identifying terminals in terminal-oriented systems (1971)

Today's proliferation of terminal types with their various features, speeds, line disciplines, and idiosyncrasies is harassing the computer system implementer who would like to serve a variety of terminals. In addition to the ability to interface to a particular terminal type, it is necessary to identify that terminal among those able to use the same hardware interface.
Implementation of route optimization mechanism supporting IPv4/IPv6 traversal in Proxy Mobile IPv6 (2009)

This paper describes implementation details of route optimization support for Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6). The implementation details presented in the paper leverages route optimization mechanism defined in [5], which is based on Mobile IPv6 and extends the procedures in order to apply for PMIPv6. Our implementation supports route optimization for both IPv6 mobile nodes and IPv4 mobile nodes.
Self-Affine Fractals and Fractal Dimension (1985)

Evaluating a fractal curve's "approximate length" by walking a compass defines a "compass exponent." Long ago, I showed that for a self-similar curve (e.g., a model of coastline), the compass exponent coincides with all the other forms of the fractal dimension, e.g., the similarity, box or mass dimensions. Now walk a compass along a self-affine curve, such as a scalar Brownian record B(t). It will be shown that a full description in terms of fractal dimension is complex. Each version of dimension has a local and a global value, separated by a crossover. First finding: the basic methods of evaluating the global fractal dimension yield 1: globally, a self-affine fractal behaves as it if were not fractal. Second finding: the box and mass dimensions are 1.5, but the compass dimension is D = 2. More generally, for a fractional Bownian record BH(t), (e.g., a model of vertical cuts of relief), the global fractal dimensions are 1, several local fractal dimensions are 2-H, and the compass dimension is 1/H. This 1/H is the fractal dimension of a self-similar fractal trail, whose definition was already implicit in the definition of the record of BH(t).
Hyperhomocysteinaemia: a newly recognized risk factor for vascular disease. (1994)

In the past decade significant progress has been made in understanding of hyperhomocysteinaemia and its association with the proneness to premature development of vascular disease. Pooled data from a large number of studies demonstrate that mild hyperhomocysteinaemia after standardized methionine loading is present in 21% of patients with coronary artery disease, in 24% of patients with cerebrovascular disease, and in 32% of patients with peripheral vascular disease. A relative risk of 13.0 (95% confidence interval 5.9-28.1) of vascular disease at relatively young age can be calculated in subjects with such abnormal response to methionine loading. Pathological homocysteine levels are affected by genetic defects in homocysteine metabolism which have still not been completely clarified and which are more complex than originally supposed. Furthermore, a variety of non-genetic determinants such as deficiency of folate or vitamin B12 has to be taken into account. Mild hyperhomocysteinaemia can be reduced to normal in virtually all cases by simple and safe treatment with vitamin B6, folic acid, and betaine, each of which is involved in methionine metabolism. A clinically beneficial effect of such an intervention, which is currently under investigation, could make large-scale screening mandatory for this risk factor.
Efficient Disk I/O Characteristics Analysis Method Based on Virtual Machine Technology (2010)

于磁盘系统的机械运动本质,磁盘系统I/O往往会成为计算机系统的性能瓶颈.为了有效地提高系统性能,收集和分析应用系统的磁盘I/O特征信息将成为性能优化工作的重要基础.与以往I/O特征分析方法不同,给出了一种基于Xen 3.0虚拟机系统的磁盘I/O特征在线分析方法.在虚拟机环境下,该磁盘I/O特征采集方法可以透明地应用于任意无须修改的操作系统.该方法可以高效地在线采集多种基本I/O特征数据,其中包括:磁盘I/O块大小、I/O延迟、I/O时间间隔、I/O空间局部性、时间局部性以及磁盘I/O操作热点分布.通过测试和分析,该在线I/O分析方法有着较小的系统开销,并且对应用系统I/O性能的影响很小.此外,还给出了在大文件拷贝、基于Filebench的filemirco和varmail等工作负载下的I/O特征分析结果.;Disk I/O may be the bottleneck in computer systems because of the mechanism characters in disk system. In order to tune the system performance effectively, the collection of the disk I/O workload characteristics will be the essential step for the performance optimization. Compared with other I/O characteristics collection methods, this paper presents an on-line I/O characteristics analysis method based on Xen 3.0 virtual machine system. In virtual machine environments, this method can be transparent to the unmodified operating system. With this method, several essential I/O characteristics metrics can be collected, such as disk I/O block size, I/O latency, I/O arrival interval, I/O spatial locality statistics, I/O time locality statistics and the I/O operation hotspot distribution. Through the testing and analysis, this method is found to have little system overhead and impact on the application system I/O performance. In addition, the I/O characteristics analysis results are demonstrated on the large file copy workload and the Filebench benchmark workload generated by the filemicro and varmail personalities.
Objective Intelligibility Measures Based on Mutual Information for Speech Subjected to Speech Enhancement Processing (2013)

We propose a novel method for objective speech intelligibility prediction which can be useful in many application domains such as hearing instruments and forensics. Most objective intelligibility measures available in the literature employ some kind of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or a correlation-based comparison between the spectro-temporal representations of clean and processed speech. In this paper, we investigate the speech intelligibility prediction from the viewpoint of information theory and introduce novel objective intelligibility measures based on the estimated mutual information between the temporal envelopes of clean speech and processed speech in the subband domain. Mutual information allows to account for higher order statistics and hence to consider dependencies beyond the conventional second order statistics. Using data from three different listening tests it is shown that the proposed objective intelligibility measures provide promising results for speech intelligibility prediction in different scenarios of speech enhancement where speech is processed by non-linear modification strategies.
GELATINIZATION AND IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF STARCH IN BAKED PRODUCTS (1980)

ABSTRACT The extent of gelatinization and in vitro digestibility of starch in shortbread, hard sweet cookies, soda crackers, a crispbread type product based on wheat, sugar wafer base, fruit cake and bread were determined. The first three products differed little in either starch gelatinization or digestibility from raw wheat starch. Among the other products, these two properties increased in the order of crisp‐bread, wafer base, fruit cake, and bread. These variations were explained in terms of prebaking water content, baking time at high moisture level which favored higher values and the presence of other ingredients such as sugar and fat which decreased both parameters.
Design of an ASIC architecture for high speed fractal image compression (2002)

We report the results of the design and performance evaluation of an ASIC dedicated to fractal image compression. The ASIC is to be hosted on a PC platform by means of an interface board connected to the PCI bus. The obtained speed-up is 300 times with respect to the direct execution of the compression algorithm on a 100 MHz Pentium platform. The ASIC has been synthesized from VHDL and totals 150000 transistors.
Evaluation of Two Blood Microsampling Approaches for Drug Discovery PK Studies in Rats (2015)

Blood CMS using 15-µl glass capillary microsamples works well for serial blood sampling in rat PK studies. The Mitra microsampling device provides an alternative method for collecting 10 µl of blood as a dried blood sample.