gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanosecond threshold logic gates for 16 X 16 bit, 80 ns LSI multiplier (1969)

Previous research and development efforts in digital monolithic integrated circuits and arrays were almost exclusively concerned with Boolean logic. However, by introducing threshold logic, considerable savings in gate count as well as in subsystem processing speed are evident. When logic subsystems, such as registers, adders, counters or combinational control logic, designed with common NOR logic, were replaced by subsystems employing threshold logic, average savings in gate count of three to one have been demonstrated. Furthermore, the number of consecutive logic levels necessary to implement a given switching function, and thus the relative processing delay, is also generally reduced by the same ratio.
Solvent‐Dependent Pseudopolymorphism of Tripyridoxycalix[4]arene: <i>cone</i> versus <i>partial‐cone</i> Conformation (2005)

Abstract The preferred conformation of the tripyridoxycalixarene 1 in the crystalline state strongly depends on the applied solvents: The interaction with the clathrated solvent molecules influences the equilibrium between intra‐ and intermolecular hydrogen bonds and therefore the conformation of 1 . The paco ‐ 1 molecules form methanol‐containing channels; cone ‐ 1 crystallizes as a clathrate with ethyl acetate fixed in the lattice voids. The conformations and their interconversion were studied by X‐ray crystal structure analysis and DSC measurements. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Penetration and Deflection of Jets Oblique to a General Stream (1953)

The dynamics of the entry of jets of fluid into a general stream at an oblique angle from slots and orifices is studied by means of a simplified two-dimensional potential flow analysis. The wake is approximated by an extensive area of dead fluid separated from the jet by a vortex sheet at uniform pressure. The jet is separated from the main stream by a stream line, and the jet velocity is restricted to one particular value so that there is no discontinuity across this stream line. Analysis using the conventional Helmholtz-Kirchhoff method leads to computations of the various relationships between the geometrical and velocity parameters. Calculations are also made of the shapes of jets in some common geometries. An equivalent analysis is made of the situation in which the trailing edge of the jet does not separate from the downstream wall, and the results are compared to the analysis with separation. The solution for the flow from a two-dimensional orifice is compared to experimental data for the roughly comparable case of flow from a circular orifice, and a qualitative agreement is shown. The results have a possible utility in serving as a skeletal structure of a more complete analysis of the mixing process in combustion chambers and cooling films. co = 4> + ix}/
Immunomodulatory Effects of Serotype B Glucuronoxylomannan from <i>Cryptococcus gattii</i> Correlate with Polysaccharide Diameter (2010)

Glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), the major capsular component in the Cryptococcus complex, interacts with the immune system in multiple ways, which include the activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the modulation of nitric oxide (NO) production by phagocytes. In this study, we analyzed several structural parameters of GXM samples from Cryptococcus neoformans (serotypes A and D) and Cryptococcus gattii (serotypes B and C) and correlated them with the production of NO by phagocytes and the activation of TLRs. GXM fractions were differentially recognized by TLR2/TLR1 (TLR2/1) and TLR2/6 heterodimers expressed on TLR-transfected HEK293A cells. Higher NF-kappaB luciferase reporter activity induced by GXM was observed in cells expressing TLR2/1 than in cells transfected with TLR2/6 constructs. A serotype B GXM from C. gattii was the most effective polysaccharide fraction activating the TLR-mediated response. This serotype B polysaccharide, which was also highly efficient at eliciting the production of NO by macrophages, was similar to the other GXM samples in monosaccharide composition, zeta potential, and electrophoretic mobility. However, immunofluorescence with four different monoclonal antibodies and dynamic light-scattering analysis revealed that the serotype B GXM showed particularities in serological reactivity and had the smallest effective diameter among the GXM samples analyzed in this study. Fractionation of additional serotype B GXMs, followed by exposure of these fractions to macrophages, revealed a correlation between NO production and reduced effective diameters. Our results demonstrate a great functional diversity in GXM samples from different isolates and establish their abilities to differentially activate cellular responses. We propose that serological properties as well as physical chemical parameters, such as the diameter of polysaccharide molecules, may potentially influence the inflammatory response against Cryptococcus spp. and may contribute to the differences in granulomatous inflammation between cryptococcal species.
L'activité de la fondation nationale suisse “Pour la vieillesse” (1925)

L'intérêt grandissant qu'on accorde depuis quelques années à la vieillesse — analogue à celui dont bénéficie la jeunesse depuis quelques décades — est dû principalement aux difficultés matérielles et morales en présence desquelles se trouvent nos vieillards.
Fractional Calculus Guidance Law for Intercepting Hypersonic Weapons (2013)

Aiming at intercepting hypersonic weapons in near space, a novel guidance law was designed to avoid the flaws of the conventional extended proportional guidance law. The definitions of fractional calculus were outlined, difference definition of the fractional differential was introduced in the line with conventional definitions of integer order derivatives of continuous function. On the basis of non-linear proportional and differential guidance law, the fractional calculus guidance law was proposed. According to the motion characteristics of hypersonic weapons and the interception requirements, the quantitative values were proposed for the parameters and the system stability was analyzed. Experimental results demonstrate that the novel guidance law effectively reduces the miss distance. A stronger robustness is displayed comparing to the nonlinear proportional and differential guidance law through experiments under noise condition.
Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin, etoposide, and pirarubicin for endometrial carcinoma patients with lymph node metastasis: A pilot study. (2000)

We evaluated the effects of a combined chemotherapy regimen on endometrial carcinoma in 14 patients with lymph node metastasis. After surgery, the patients were treated with 3 cycles of chemotherapy (PVP regimen) every 4 weeks. The PVP regimen consisted of 75 mg/m2 cisplatin on day 1, 40 mg/m2 pirarubicin (P) on day 1, and 75 mg/m2 etoposide (VP-16: V) on days 2, 3 and 4. The effect of adjuvant chemotherapy was evaluated based on progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse effects. The 5-year PFS rate was 52% [95% confidence interval (CI), 10-94%], and the 5-year OS rate was 50% (95% CI, 16-84%). The major toxicity was myelosuppression. One hundred percent of patients had neutropenia above grade 3, but all recovered from myelosuppression. PVP therapy may be an effective adjuvant therapy for endometrial carcinoma patients with lymph node metastasis used as an alternative to radiation therapy.
Transcriptome of Cultured Lung Fibroblasts in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Meta-Analysis of Publically Available Microarray Datasets Reveals Repression of Inflammation and Immunity Pathways (2016)

Heritable profibrotic differentiation of lung fibroblasts is a key mechanism of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Its mechanisms are yet to be fully understood. In this study, individual data from four independent microarray studies comparing the transcriptome of fibroblasts cultured in vitro from normal (total <i>n</i> = 20) and IPF (total <i>n</i> = 20) human lung were compiled for meta-analysis following normalization to z-scores. One hundred and thirteen transcripts were upregulated and 115 were downregulated in IPF fibroblasts using the Significance Analysis of Microrrays algorithm with a false discovery rate of 5%. Downregulated genes were highly enriched for Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional classes related to inflammation and immunity such as Defense response to virus, Influenza A, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) mediated signaling pathway, interferon-inducible absent in melanoma2 (AIM2) inflammasome as well as Apoptosis. Although upregulated genes were not enriched for any functional class, select factors known to play key roles in lung fibrogenesis were overexpressed in IPF fibroblasts, most notably <i>connective tissue growth factor</i> (<i>CTGF</i>) and <i>serum response factor</i> (<i>SRF</i>), supporting their role as drivers of IPF. The full data table is available as a supplement.
Study of cationic ring‐opening photopolymerizations using optical pyrometry (2004)

Abstract Studies of the photoinitiated cationic ring‐opening polymerizations of epoxide and oxetane monomers were conducted using optical pyrometry. Using this technique, the temperature of these photopolymerizations was monitored as a function of time. The effects of photoinitiator type and monomer structure on the rates of photopolymerization were investigated. Optical pyrometry was also used to investigate the acceleration of the photopolymerizations of various epoxide and oxetane monomers. Certain mixtures of monomers displayed synergistic effects that markedly increased their overall rates of polymerizations. In all cases in which acceleration of polymerization rate was noted, it could be attributed to an increase in the speed of ring opening of the initially formed protonated cyclic ether. The effects of relative humidity on the rate of cationic ring‐opening photopolymerizations of cyclic ether monomers were also investigated. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 3303–3319, 2004
1,4‐Dihydropyridine derivatives without Ca2+‐antagonist activity up‐regulate <i>Psma6</i> mRNA expression in kidneys of intact and diabetic rats (2015)

Impaired degradation of proteins by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is observed in numerous pathologies including diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. Dysregulation of proteasomal degradation might be because of altered expression of genes and proteins involved in the UPS. The search for novel compounds able to normalize expression of the UPS appears to be a topical problem. A novel group of 1,4-dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) derivatives lacking Ca2+-antagonists activities, but capable to produce antidiabetic, antioxidant and DNA repair enhancing effects, were tested for ability to modify Psma6 mRNA expression levels in rat kidneys and blood in healthy animals and in rats with streptozotocin (STZ) induced DM. Psma6 gene was chosen for the study, as polymorphisms of its human analogue are associated with DM and cardiovascular diseases. 1,4-DHP derivatives (metcarbatone, etcarbatone, glutapyrone, J-9-125 and AV-153-Na) were administered per os for three days (0.05 mg/kg and/or 0.5 mg/kg). Psma6 gene expression levels were evaluated by quantitative PCR. Psma6 expression was higher in kidneys compared to blood. Induction of diabetes caused increase of Psma6 expression in kidneys, although it was not changed in blood. Several 1,4-DHP derivatives increased expression of the gene both in kidneys and blood of control and model animals, but greater impact was observed in kidneys. The observed effect might reflect coupling of antioxidant and proteolysis-promoting activities of the compounds.
Radical Cyclization and Fragmentation of Azoxy Compounds (1999)

Photolysis of azoazoxyalkane 9 and thermolysis of β-azoxyperester 13 afford β-azoxy radicals 1 and 14, respectively. One reaction pathway of these radicals is cyclization to azoxy oxygen to form cyclic hydrazyl radicals 2 and 16 that fragment to a ketone or aldehyde plus hydrazonyl radical 3. The analogous hydrazyl radical 6 need not be invoked in the case of γ-azoxy radical 5, which instead undergoes a rare solution phase β-scission to lose ethylene. Surprisingly, the same β-scission was found in the 3,3-dimethyl-4-pentenyl radical (34), a hydrocarbon analogue of 5.
Atopic Dermatitis (1957)

ALLERGISTS tend to suspect that the dermatitic skin of patients with atopic dermatitis may be a specific allergic manifestation of the atopic state. Yet it must be admitted that specific therapy directed against an allergic cause (hyposensitization and avoidance of exposure) is usually unrewarding. In favor of an allergic etiology, however, is the definite flare-up that exposure to the specific allergen produces in a few persons.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Although such flare-ups may be provoked by hyposensitizing injections, inhalation or ingestion, one point stands out in all such reports — namely, that the exacerbations are localized to pre-existing lesions or healed sites, not . . .
The thalidomide analogue CC-3052 inhibits HIV-1 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) expression in acutely and chronically infected cells<i>in vitro</i> (2000)

We investigated the in vitro effect of the water-soluble, highly stable thalidomide analogue CC-3052 on HIV-1 expression and TNF-alpha production in latently infected promonocytic U1 cells, acutely infected T cells and monocyte-derived human macrophages (MDM), and in mitogen-stimulated ex vivo cultures from patients with primary acute HIV-1 infection. HIV-1 expression was assessed by Northern blot analysis of RNAs, and ELISA for p24 antigen release and reverse transcriptase (RT) activity. TNF-alpha expression was evaluated by RT-polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-ELISA for mRNA and ELISA for protein secretion. We demonstrated that CC-3052 is able to inhibit HIV-1 expression, as evaluated by mRNA, p24 release and RT activity, in phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)- and cytokine-stimulated U1 cells. Furthermore, CC-3052 inhibited HIV-1 expression, as evaluated by p24 and RT activity, in acutely infected MDM and T cells. As far as TNF-alpha is concerned, CC-3052 significantly reduced TNF-alpha mRNA and protein secretion in PMA-stimulated U937 and U1 cells, and in PMA-stimulated uninfected and acutely infected MDM. Consistently, the addition of CC-3052 reduced TNF-alpha production in phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated whole blood cultures from patients during the primary acute phase of HIV-1 infection. Since TNF-alpha is among the most potent enhancers of HIV-1 expression, the effect of CC-3052 on TNF-alpha may account for its inhibitory activity on HIV-1 expression. Given the well documented immunopathological role of TNF-alpha and its correlation with viral load, advanced disease and poor prognosis, CC-3052 could be an interesting drug for the design of therapeutic strategies in association with anti-retroviral agents.
Code for Java Libraries for Accessing the Princeton Wordnet: Comparison and Evaluation (2013)

This archive contains the code and data for running the evaluations described in: Finlayson, Mark Alan (2014) "Java Libraries for Accessing the Princeton Wordnet: comparison and Evaluation" in Proceedings of the 7th Global Wordnet Conference (GWC 2014). Tartu, Estonia, 25-29 January 2014. The archive contains five Eclipse projects (compatible with Eclipse 3.8.0) that may be imported directly into an Eclipse workspace. You will need a Java 1.4, 1.5, and 1.6 JRE to run all the code in the archive. Paper abstract: Java is a popular programming language for natural language processing. I compare and evaluate 12 Java libraries designed to access the information in the original Princeton Wordnet databases. From this comparison emerges a set of decision criteria that will enable a user to pick the library most suited to their purposes. I identify five deciding features: (1) availability of similarity metrics; (2) support for editing; (3) availability via Maven; (4) compatibility with retired Java versions; and (5) support for Enterprise Java. I also provide a comparison of other features of each library, the information exposed by each API, and the versions of Wordnet each library supports, and I evaluate each library for the speed of various retrieval operations. In the case that the user's application does not require one of the deciding features, I show that my library, JWI, the MIT Java Wordnet Interface, is the highest-performance, widest-coverage, easiest-to-use library available.
Cloning and cDNA sequence of a bovine submaxillary gland mucin-like protein containing two distinct domains. (1990)

A lambda gt11 cDNA library prepared from bovine submaxillary gland mRNA was screened with polyclonal anti-apo-bovine submaxillary mucin antibodies with the aim of obtaining the deduced amino acid sequence of the mucin core protein. One of the positive clones had a 1.8 kilobase (kb) cDNA insert and coded for an incomplete protein. A 2.0-kb cDNA clone was isolated by rescreening the library with the 1.8-kb cDNA. Nucleotide sequencing of the full-length 2.0-kb cDNA revealed an open reading frame that coded for a 563-amino acid protein. A striking feature of the cloned protein is the skewed distribution of the amino acids, most notably that of the hydroxy amino acids and cysteine. The amino-terminal domain of 339 residues is very rich in threonine, serine, and glycine and poor in cysteine, aspartic acid, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan. In contrast, the carboxyl-terminal domain of 224 residues is rich in cysteine, aspartic acid, tyrosine, lysine, and asparagine and relatively poor in threonine, serine, and glycine. A search of the protein data bank for homologies to the deduced amino acid sequence revealed statistically significant matches to several proteins, including the porcine submaxillary apomucin fragment. The cysteine-rich domain by itself was not statistically homologous with any of the registered polypeptide sequences. RNA blot analysis using DNA probes corresponding to the mucin-like and cysteine-rich regions detected a nearly identical pattern of transcripts, demonstrating that the characterized clones are not artifacts of cDNA library construction. The blots also showed the presence of polydisperse transcripts in bovine submaxillary gland but no detectable hybridization signals in liver or brain RNA.
Operational Characteristics of a Wide-Aperture X-Ray Preionized Capacitor-Transfer-Type XeCl laser. (1994)

A wide-aperture x-ray preionized XeCl laser with a capcitor-transfer-type excitation circuit is described. The characteristics of an x-ray generator is investigated through the measurements of x-ray dose, x-ray pulse shape, electron-beam current and acceleration voltage. It is found that the x-ray dose, the peak electron-beam current and the peak acceleration voltage are proportional to the 3.1 power, the 2.1 power and the 0.6 power of charging voltage, respectively. The maximum output energy of 2.7 J is extracted with an electrical efficiency of 1.4% from an active volume of 3cm× 5 cm×80 cm. The highest electrical efficiency of 2.3 % is achieved with an output energy of 2.2 J by the optimization of the primary and secodary capacitances.
The Relative Acidity of H<sub>2</sub>O<sup>18</sup> and H<sub>2</sub>O<sup>16</sup>Coördinated to a Tripositive Ion (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Relative Acidity of H2O18 and H2O16Coördinated to a Tripositive IonH. R. Hunt and H. TaubeCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1959, 63, 1, 124–125Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150571a033https://doi.org/10.1021/j150571a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views48Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
1 (2009)

‘<sc>Olive</sc> will come down in about ten minutes; she told me to tell you that. About ten; that is exactly like Olive. Neither five nor fifteen, and yet not ten exactly, but either nine or eleven. She didn’t tell me to say she...
Macrophage activation by bacterial cell walls and related synthetic compounds (1979)

Activation of peritoneal macrophages from guinea pigs by various bacterial cell walls, M-1 endo-N-acetylmuramidase enzymatically digested bacterial cell walls and synthetic muramyl dipeptides was studied in terms of stimulation of [14C] glucosamine incorporation. All test bacterial cell wall preparations significantly increased a [14C]glucosamine uptake by the macrophages. Some of the water-soluble M-1 enzyme digests also exerted stimulating effects on macrophages, although the activity of the digests was found to be weaker than those of original cell walls. Furthermore, an adjuvant-active synthetic MurNAc-L-Ala-D-isoGln (MDP) showed a weak but significant activity, whereas an adjuvant-inactive analog, MurNAc-L-Ala-L-iso-Gln, did not show a significant activity, at least with the dose of 100 microgram. Additional studies with 6-O-acyl derivatives of MDP revealed that 6-O-(2-tetradecylhexadecanoyl)-MDP and 6-O-(3-hydroxy-2-tetradecyl-octadecanoyl)-MDP exhibit stronger macrophage-stimulating effects than MDP. It can be concluded from the above findings that MDP is the essential structure responsible for stimulating the activity of cell walls on guinea pig peritoneal macrophages, but it requires a particle state, which results from an additive character of lipophilicity, to exert the activity fully and effectively.
Application and Features of Titanium for the Aerospace Industry (2014)

In the field of aerospace, titanium has been applied for many years. Commercially pure ti tanium and titanium alloy as represented by Ti-6Al-4V are mainly used for the airframe and the engine parts respectively. The demand expansion of titanium has been expected due to realize low fuel consumption of aircraft. On the other hand, various qualifications and high quality management are required in order to entry in the aerospace industry. This paper describes the application situation of present state, titanium materials for the aerospace applications and our efforts in regard to the issues for expanding the use of titanium in this field.