gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Biological Activity Evaluation of 1,2,3-Thiadiazole Derivatives as Potential Elicitors with Highly Systemic Acquired Resistance (2009)

Elicitors provide a broad spectrum of systemic acquired resistance by altering the physical and physiological status of the host plants and, therefore, are among the most successful directions in modern pesticide development for plant protection. To develop a novel elicitor with highly systemic acquired resistance, two series of thiazole- and oxadiazole-containing thiadiazole derivatives were rationally designed and synthesized according to the principle of combination of bioactive substructures in this work. Their structures were characterized by (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), or elemental analysis. Their potential systemic acquired resistance as an elicitor was also evaluated; bioassay results indicated that, among the 23 compounds synthesized, three compounds, 10a, 10d, and 12b, displayed better systemic acquired resistance than the positive control, tiadinil, a commercialized 1,2,3-thiadiazole-based elicitor. In addition, three other compounds, 10f, 12c, and 12j, exhibited a certain degree of fungus growth inhibition in vitro or in vivo. Our results demonstrated that, in combination of bioactive substructures is an interesting exploration for novel pesticide development, thiazole- and oxadiazole-containing thiadiazole derivatives are potential elicitors with good systemic acquired resistance.
The Renin‐Angiotensin System Normal Physiology and Changes in Older Hypertensives (1989)

The long-term effects of angiotensin (ANGII) on arterial pressure regulation appear to be closely linked to volume homeostasis, via the renal-pressure natriuresis mechanism, both in normal humans and in older hypertensives. In response to disturbances such as increased sodium intake, suppression of ANGII and aldosterone formation greatly amplifies the effectiveness of the pressure natriuresis mechanism, thereby preventing large increases in body fluid volumes and minimizing the rise in blood pressure needed to maintain sodium balance. When ANGII levels are inappropriately elevated, the antinatriuretic effects of ANGII cause increased arterial pressure, which then serves to maintain sodium and water balance via the pressure natriuresis mechanism. The primary intrarenal and extrarenal mechanisms by which ANGII controls renal excretion and arterial pressure include: (1) a direct effect of ANGII on tubular sodium transport; (2) a preferential constrictor action of ANGII on efferent arterioles, which increases sodium reabsorption by altering peritubular capillary physical forces (efferent arteriolar constriction also prevents excessive decreases in glomerular filtration rate when renal perfusion is compromised, such as in renal artery stenosis); and (3) extrarenal effects of ANGII, including stimulation of aldosterone secretion. Current evidence suggests that the direct effects of ANGII on the kidney are quantitatively more important than indirect effects mediated by aldosterone. In older hypertensives, plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration are often suppressed, perhaps due to loss of functional nephrons and increased sodium chloride delivery to the macula densa of the remaining nephrons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Extraction of car license plate using motor vehicle regulation and character pattern recognition (2002)

Extraction of car license plate is important for identifying a car. Since there are some problems such as poor ambient lighting problem, bad weather problem and so on, the car images can be distorted and the car license plate difficult to extract. This paper proposes a method of extracting car license plate using motor vehicle regulation. In this method, some features of car license plate according to motor vehicle regulation such as color information and shape are applied to determine the candidates of car license plates. To certify the license plate, the characters, numbers and their patterns are recognized by backpropagation neural networks in windows which are opened in those boundaries of candidates. For the results of recognition by neural networks, the candidate which has characters and numbers patterns according to motor vehicle regulation is certified as license-plate region. Since the results of characters-pattern recognition is used to certify the license plate, the ability of license-plate extracting is enhanced and the car is identified simultaneously. The results of the experiments with 70 samples of real car images show the performance of car license-plate extraction by 84.29%, and the recognition rate is 80.81%.
Photometric Stereo Using CNN-based Feature-Merging Network (2020)

We propose a photometric stereo method using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based method, which is effective for deriving surface normal data from non-lambertian objects. Our method extracts feature maps from a set of images of object using shared feature extraction network, and merge the extracted feature maps using two pooling method: max-pooling and average-pooling. The merged feature maps are concatenated and passed to final CNN layers to derive the surface normal map. We tested our network on the most widely-used benchmark dataset and confirmed that our method performs better than existing deep learning based photometric stereo method.
Direct conversion of human fibroblasts to induced serotonergic neurons (2015)

Serotonergic (5HT) neurons exert diverse and widespread functions in the brain. Dysfunction of the serotonergic system gives rise to a variety of mental illnesses including depression, anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, autism and eating disorders. Here we show that human primary fibroblasts were directly converted to induced serotonergic (i5HT) neurons by the expression of Ascl1, Foxa2, Lmx1b and FEV. The transdifferentiation was enhanced by p53 knockdown and appropriate culture conditions including hypoxia. The i5HT neurons expressed markers for mature serotonergic neurons, had Ca(2+)-dependent 5HT release and selective 5HT uptake, exhibited spontaneous action potentials and spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents. Application of serotonin significantly increased the firing rate of spontaneous action potentials, demonstrating the functional utility of i5HT neurons for studying serotonergic neurotransmission. The availability of human i5HT neurons will be very useful for research and drug discovery on many serotonin-related mental disorders.
Multilayered network for LPC based speech recognition (1998)

This paper presents an efficient artificial neural network based linear predictive coding. Speech recognition is fundamentally a pattern classification task. The objective is to input the speech pattern, and then to classify it as a sequence of patterns. The linear predictive coefficients of the slowly varying speech signals are stored. A feedforward network is determined by the linear predictive coefficients. A three layered feedforward network was used with backpropagation as the training algorithm. The network and learning techniques are proven for their correctness and applied to the problem of speech recognition. The suggested novel scheme yields good results in finite accuracy and recognition performance.
Synthesis of Calix[4]arene Derivatives with Alkyl Guanidinium or Chiral Bicyclic Guanidinium (2001)

A series of p-tetra-tert-butyl calix[4]arene derivatives with alkyl guanidinium or chiral bicyclic guanidinium functionalities were synthesized as the receptors of organic anions. Mono- and di-alkyl guanidinium derivatives were prepared by the reaction of 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-25,27-(2-aminoethoxy)-26,28-dihydroxy calix[4]arene (1) with methyl isothiourea sulphate. While mono- and di-chiral bicyclic guanidinium derivatives were all obtained via an O-alkylation reaction of p-tetra-tert-butyl calix[4]arene with chloromethyl chiral bicyclic guanidinium (6 or 7) in the presence of anhydrous K2CO3 in acetonitrile, good yields were only observed for mono-substituted derivatives.
Synthesis of 5,6‐ and 5,7‐dichloro‐3‐methyl‐4<i>H</i>‐1,4‐benzothiazines and their conversion into sulfones (1993)

Abstract A one pot synthesis of 5,6‐ and 5,7‐dichloro‐3‐methyl‐4 H ,4‐benzothiazines is reported by the condensation and oxidative cyclization of 2‐amino‐3,4‐ and 3,5‐dichlorobenzenethiols with β‐dicarbonyl compounds. The oxidation of 4 H ‐1,4‐benzothiazines by 30% hydrogen peroxide in glacial acetic acid has provided the corresponding sulfones. The effect of the conversion of the sulfide linkage to sulfone is discussed. The structure of all the newly synthesized compounds has been confirmed by elemental analysis and spectral studies.
Experimental evaluation of a beamforming array calibration system (2014)

We have developed an automatic calibration system for arbitrary shaped array. A signal generator drove a horn antenna to provide a signal source and a spectrum analyzer was connected to the output of an 8 - channel beamformer to collect data. The entire interface was automated using LabVIEW, which included a program to upload the weights to the beamformer, control system for the signal generator, spectrum analyzer and a rotator. Our calibration method involved connecting each of the eight channels on the beamformer to an eight to one relay that would select one channel to pass through to the output of the relay. Then we connected one port of a vector network analyzer (VNA) to the output of the 1 to 8 relay and the other port of the VNA to the output of the beamformer. The algorithm for calibration would have the VNA apply a weight to one of the channels at a time, and the VNA would read the output. A LabVIEW program would switch through all eight channels storing the applied weights and the outputted weights. Then it would compare all eight weights and find the channel with the largest error and correct that channel. The program would loop until the total error was within a user set threshold. After calibration we ran beamforming and nullsteering tests in the anechoic chamber at various angles to test the accuracy of the beam or null point angle, the side lobe level and the depth of null. The test results show that the calibrated array has a much improved beam pattern comparing with the one without calibration and it is very close to the simulated pattern. We improved the general accepted approaches by introducing an automatic system with a properly defined calibration procedure, thus freeing people from tedious, time consuming calibration process.
IEEE P1596, a scalable coherent interface for gigabyte/sec multiprocessor applications (1989)

IEEE P1596, the scalable coherent interface (SCI), formerly known as SuperBus is based on experience gained during the development of FASTBUS (IEEE 960), Futurebus (IEEE 896.1) and other modern 32-bit buses. SCI goals include a minimum bandwidth of 1 Gb/s per processor; efficient support of a coherent distributed-cache image of shared memory; and support for segmentation, bus repeaters, and general switched interconnections like Banyan, Omega, or full crossbar networks. To achieve these goals, SCI must sacrifice the immediate handshake characteristics of the present generation of buses in favour of a packetlike split-cycle protocol. Wire-ORs, broadcasts, and even ordinary passive bus structures must be avoided. However, a lower performance (1 Gb/s per backplane instead of per processor) implementation using a register insertion ring architecture on a passive backplane appears to be possible using the same interface as for the more costly switch networks. The author summarizes current directions and reports the status of the work in progress.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Eating Attitudes Test: psychometric features and clinical correlates (1982)

Synopsis Psychometric and clinical correlates of the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) are described for a large sample of female anorexia nervosa ( N = 160) and female comparison ( N = 140) subjects. An abbreviated 26-item version of the EAT (EAT-26) is proposed, based on a factor analysis of the original scale (EAT-40). The EAT-26 is highly correlated with the EAT-40 ( r = 0·98) and three factors form subscales which are meaningfully related to bulimia, weight, body-image variables and psychological symptoms. Whereas there are no differces between bulimic and restricter anorexia nervosa patients on the total EAT-26 and EAT-40 scores, these groups do indicate significant differences on EAT-26 fractors. Norms for the anorexia nervosa and female comparison subjects are presented for the EAT-26, EAT-40 and the EAT-26 factors. It is concluded that the EAT-26 is a reliable, valid and economical instrument which may be useful as an objective measure of the symptoms of anorexia nervosa.
Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Pyrrole/Polycyclic Aromatic Units Hybrid Fluorophores (2010)

A series of pyrrole/polycyclic aromatic unit hybrid fluorophores was developed by a two-stage synthetic strategy. Their central aryl-substituted pyrrole cores were constructed by a Paal-Knorr pyrrole synthesis reaction. The reaction conditions and mechanism are also discussed in detail. End-capping triflate onto the central pyrrole core enables the core to incorporate various polycyclic aromatic units. The Buchwald-Hartwig amination reaction and the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction were adopted to incorporate the triflate end-capping pyrrole with N-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine and various polycyclic aromatic units to form the hybrid fluorophores. The photophysical properties and thermal properties of the fluorophores were characterized. Most of the pyrrole fluorophores emitted blue light and exhibited high quantum efficiency. The fluorescence properties of these pyrrole fluorophores were induced by manipulating the surrounding polycyclic aromatic units. When the central pyrrole core was incorporated with amino or naphthalene moieties, the fluorescence efficiency and thermal stability of fluorophores 1 and 2 were low (phi(f) < 0.35, T(g) <140 degrees C). Rigid and highly fluorescent moieties (such as pyrenyl, 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl, 9,9-diphenylfluorenyl, and spirofluorenyl groups) were grafted onto the pyrrole. Fluorophores 3-6 had high fluorescence efficiency (phi(f) > 0.99) and stable glassy morphology (the T(g) value of the fluorophore 6 was as high as 220 degrees C). Results of this study demonstrate that the sterically induced fluorescence of crowded pyrrole and the fluorescent polycyclic aromatic units significantly affect the emission properties of the hybrid fluorophores.
Science and cultivation of edible fungi : proceedins of the 13th international congress on the science and cultivation of edible fungi, Dublin, 1-6 September 1991 (1991)

Proceedings of the 13th International Congress, held in Dublin, Ireland, September 1991. These two volumes contain the papers that were submitted as oral presentations and posters, and cover nearly all aspects of mushroom science.
The Treatment of Malunion of Tibial Fractures in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury (1996)

Brain injury is commonly associated with multiple trauma and extremity fractures. Often the extremity fractures are inadequately treated resulting in malunions with associated loss of function. We reviewed the cases of five young male patients with brain injury and malunited tibial fractures that required additional reconstructive surgery. Four patients required correction of bony angular deformities. One required extensive soft tissue releases. Two of the patients developed severe deformities of the ankle joint necessitating arthrodesis. One patient was left with 6-cm shortening and required bone lengthening using a ring fixator with bone transport. Musculoskeletal injuries in patients with brain injury should be treated aggressively with the expectation of eventual neurologic recovery.
"Use of Fly Ash, Blast Furnace Slag, and Chemical Gypsum for the Synthesis of Calcium Sulfoaluminate-Based Cements" (1995)

First Name is required invalid characters Last Name is required invalid characters Email Address is required Invalid Email Address Invalid Email Address
A Mechanism for Remote-Triggered DNS Cache Flushes (DNS FLUSH) (2013)

DNS NOTIFY is a mechanism for prompt notification of zone changes
between DNS authority servers that is usually employed to trigger
immediate zone transfers. This document specifies an additional use of
DNS NOTIFY to allow DNS authority servers to trigger cache flushes on
recursive DNS servers. Such signalling is authenticated and is
intended for use between cooperating DNS server operators.
UNIQuE: A User-Centric Framework for Network Identity Management (2006)

Network identity management system, in theory, is conceived as the solution to many identity-related issues burgeoning day-to-day. These issues, which need to be addressed, range from managing the outburst of user identities to protecting user interests as well as business interests. This paper proposes a framework for network identity management on the Internet that addresses these issues from a user-centric point of view. After discussing the challenges and opportunities of a user-centric identity management system, we describe the architecture of our framework called UNIQuE in detail. The architecture comprises components such as a security infrastructure, a trust subsystem, an inter-provider communication system, and a repository system. In essence, the goal of this framework is to specify a comprehensive, user-centric solution to all identity-related issues, which also vouches for effortless maintenance. The fundamental difference to existing systems is its integrating approach to many usually separately considered, identity-related issues
Mechanical design and fabrication of the VHF-gun, the Berkeley normal-conducting continuous-wave high-brightness electron source (2016)

A high repetition rate, MHz-class, high-brightness electron source is a key element in future high-repetition-rate x-ray free electron laser-based light sources. The VHF-gun, a novel low frequency radio-frequency gun, is the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) response to that need. The gun design is based on a normal conducting, single cell cavity resonating at 186 MHz in the VHF band and capable of continuous wave operation while still delivering the high accelerating fields at the cathode required for the high brightness performance. The VHF-gun was fabricated and successfully commissioned in the framework of the Advanced Photo-injector EXperiment, an injector built at LBNL to demonstrate the capability of the gun to deliver the required beam quality. The basis for the selection of the VHF-gun technology, novel design features, and fabrication techniques are described.
Hexamethylphosphoramide (1967)

Abstract Growing interest is being shown in the role of the solvent (particularly polar solvents) in chemical reactions [1–4] . The most remarkable polar aprotic solvent appears to us to be the hexamethylated triamide of orthophosphoric acid, OP(N(CH 3 ) 2 ) 3 , which is known as hexamethylphosphoramide or tris(dimethylamino)phosphine oxide. Hexamethylphosphoramide [5–7] has recently been studied with respect to its solvent properties for gases [5] , for many organic and inorganic salts [7] , and for polymers [5] , as well as its use as a polymerization co‐catalyst. However, these aspects are not considered in the present paper, which deals with the physical and chemical properties of hexamethylphosphoramide, and in particular with its use as a reaction medium. Our own work on hexamethylphosphoramide began in 1961, and until then very little work had been done on this compound. Even in a paper published by Parker [1b] in 1965, very little reference is made to hexamethylphosphoramide.
Hoes For Optical Storage Systems (1988)

In recent years there has been a resurgent of research activities in the area of computer-generated holograms. The results of these activities have been the development of tools and methodologies for making the computer-generated holograms. The tools for making computer-generated holograms have progressed from the CRT displays, computer plotters and computer printers used in the 60's and 70's to more sophisticated systems such as laser scanners and E-beam graphic output devices. Many techniques for encoding the wavefront information into the holograms have been investigated 4. Moreover, the limitations imposed on the performance of the computer-generated holograms by the resolutions of the output systems have also been fully explored. It has also been recognized that computer-generated holograms are more versatile and are more compact than conventional lenses. However, the replacement of lenses by computer-generated holograms has not yet taken place due to difficulties both in material processing and fabrication in achieving high light diffraction efficiency in the holographic optics. It is interesting to note that computer-generated holograms belong to the class of diffractive optical elements. With this point of view, one discovers that computer-generated holograms have already been employed in many practical optical applications. For example, multiple beam gratings generated by computer or other means are used currently in compact disc audio players. More recently, computer-generated holograms are further utilized in compact audio disc players and optical disk drives to replace many of the conventional optical components. In this paper we will discuss a number of different computer-generated holograms which have been used in optical data storage systems. The fabrication process of each of these optical elements are also briefly reviewed.
Semantic-based Technique for the Automation the 3D Reconstruction Process (2010)

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-entific research documents, whether they are pub-lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et a ̀ la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
High-capacity avionics optical fiber information exchange networks (2002)

This paper presents the new design concepts to implement advanced high-capacity avionics optical fiber information exchange networks (AOFIE-networks). Very-high-speed medium access protocols are proposed to support multi-gigabit per second data communications, and the considerations on network design are described to match the requirements for aircraft applications. Optical time-division multiple access networks are shown to be very efficient for on-board TV and audio distribution services, while an optical code-division multiple access network is attractive to high-speed asynchronous packet data transfer. Since wavelength-division multiple access (WDMA) has advantages of channel independence and protocol transparence, it makes WDMA networks very suitable for real-time multiservice communications and on-board network interconnection. Furthermore, WDMA-based hybrid medium access protocols are very attractive to future AOFIE-networks, which can increase both network utilization and communication efficiency.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A 16mW, 2.23-2.45GHz fully integrated ΣΔ PLL with novel prescaler and loop filter in 0.35μm CMOS (2003)

A 3mW inherently glitch-free phase-switching prescaler and a loop filter with a 0.2mW capacitance multiplier are proposed for a /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ PLL synthesizer in 0.35/spl mu/m CMOS. The /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ noise folding is minimized by optimal design of /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator and minimized PLL nonlinearities. The synthesizer has a 9.4% tuning range of 2.23-2.45GHz. The phase noise is -90dBc/Hz at 10kHz, and -128dBc/Hz at 10MHz offset.