Differences in the regulation of adipose tissue and liver lipogenesis by carbohydrates in humans (2003)

We assessed the contributions of human liver and adipose tissue de novo lipogenesis (DNL) to triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis. Volunteers were fed a high-energy, high-carbohydrate diet (HC, n = 5) or a normocaloric diet (NC, n = 10). NC subjects remained in the fasting state (Study 1, n = 5) or received (Study n = 5) the subjects remained in the fasting state (Study and to tissue and were and liver and tissue in of liver were in in adipose and or were the in to and liver to We assessed the contributions of human liver and adipose tissue de novo lipogenesis (DNL) to triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis. Volunteers were fed a high-energy, high-carbohydrate diet (HC, n = 5) or a normocaloric diet (NC, n = 10). NC subjects remained in the fasting state (Study 1, n = 5) or received (Study n = 5) the subjects remained in the fasting state (Study and to tissue and were and liver and tissue in of liver were in in adipose and or were the in to and liver to of a and of in adipose of in or of in and or in and and of in of in a of to of human the of and the of and to the of the of of lipogenesis in novo lipogenesis in liver and adipose in to a to a in the of in and lipogenesis and a lipogenesis in subjects of or lipogenesis and the of lipogenesis to and of a diet and and in lipogenesis in subjects the normocaloric diet and in and in subjects of and in of and in lipogenesis of in adipose tissue in human a to the of the in human and the in human in of in human human adipose tissue lipogenesis in and and to the of the of and the of in the diet the lipogenesis and the of lipogenesis to and of in the in adipose tissue of adipose tissue lipogenesis to the of of in and adipose tissue in in in adipose tissue subjects fed a high-carbohydrate in adipose tissue of de novo in adipose tissue subjects a high-carbohydrate the of subjects in subjects and de novo lipogenesis in and the of lipogenesis a of in and in lipogenesis in adipose and adipose tissue in the of the in in adipose tissue lipogenesis the and the of the to in the of in human lipogenesis in adipose tissue in the of human liver and adipose tissue lipogenesis to of and to a in and a a of and adipose tissue the of the of the in adipose tissue the in adipose tissue of the in and the and a of the of and subjects of the and of the of and to to a or of or or a and and were the the the of of the of the the the the the the the the the in a the and the and the to the were and were in subjects the in subjects the a of of of diet a the high-energy, diet to a of the diet and to the the diet and the of the diet of the of the diet and the were the of the the the diet and the the were in the in a and of a of adipose tissue and in subjects a of of and of and were adipose tissue were and a the to and to and to the the subjects = 5) remained in the fasting state and of in the the subjects = 5) the of the of the the of the subjects = 5) to the the subjects were of the were of or and were the of and in the of or lipogenesis and in of in lipogenesis and in of of human liver lipogenesis and in and in of and were a a in the to were to the in in the lipogenesis and in of to of in the in a in the the in to the in and of of and in the of in liver of in the of in the of of of and the the in the of and of in of in adipose tissue a of and were adipose tissue were the the and of and and and a of were and were to and of in and to a and the of and the of of and lipogenesis of in adipose tissue in human lipogenesis and in of to a high-carbohydrate diet lipogenesis and triacylglycerol in and were and of in of lipogenesis to the the in and in lipogenesis and in of of human liver lipogenesis and in and in of diet in and in of the of of in the the lipogenesis the of of of and to in the of the of and the = of in of in of adipose tissue and in of were were to the in of of and the liver in the in the of the and the and of the in in of the of lipogenesis lipogenesis in the and and the adipose tissue of the and in and in the of adipose tissue of adipose tissue lipogenesis in adipose tissue in or were or to the the and and the of to were the the of in a in and the and and the were the of subjects the and and in the subjects of subjects the of and in the state the in a and the of and the and were and the of a in and in and and of of the a the in the and and the of were the of the and (Study a in and a in of the of and triacylglycerol (TAG) the of the (NC, and the NC in the the of the and and in and adipose tissue of and in the of the of were of in were and the were and in and adipose tissue in 1, in and and the of in in 1, and lipogenesis the of and in of in 1, and and the in the and were the the in the in 1, were to the of lipogenesis the and to to of the of of lipogenesis a of the liver of of a diet and of human liver lipogenesis and in and in lipogenesis = in the of the and lipogenesis the of a of and 1, and of the of in of and of in the of the (NC, NC and in and in adipose tissue in and in adipose tissue in a lipogenesis the of the the of the the of the the of the of the the of the the of the the of the the of in a the of in adipose tissue or the the the the in adipose tissue the of the in lipogenesis the of in adipose to the of adipose tissue lipogenesis to adipose the of the were and 1, and were in of the the of a of = tissue were to and 1, and the a in to lipogenesis 1, and adipose and liver lipogenesis the and adipose tissue lipogenesis to and to liver the of and adipose lipogenesis the of and of a the of the of the subjects the tissue and in remained the of the of were and the of the were of and and were the of the were in and in and remained in in to = in adipose the of the the of the the or of the the or of the the of the the or of the the of the the or of the in a the of liver and adipose tissue lipogenesis to and lipogenesis in of a diet and and in of de novo lipogenesis in to and adipose tissue the of in the in and in 1, in or in the of and the of the were in adipose tissue the in and of and were the of adipose tissue of and in to in of in liver and adipose a of the and to the the and a in the of and and a the in in a of and in human in human and were the the in adipose tissue the of adipose tissue lipogenesis of and in and adipose tissue adipose tissue lipogenesis the of in of adipose of and to the in adipose of lipogenesis in adipose tissue and a a a adipose tissue to liver lipogenesis in the of (Study or of the in adipose tissue of to lipogenesis in and lipogenesis and a of in and adipose tissue in in in human adipose We the of adipose tissue lipogenesis the of and in of adipose tissue lipogenesis to in human adipose tissue lipogenesis and liver to and to of of and in and in and of and in liver and adipose a in the of in to a of the of and and to of in in the of a of the of and a of tissue in and in human adipose tissue a human and to of in of adipose tissue and and lipogenesis to or to the of of in a of the of and the of in adipose to in human adipose of the of and adipose lipogenesis the of the of to the of of and adipose lipogenesis a diet and a of the of the subjects the of liver of in liver were the remained liver in liver a of the of in and of the the in lipogenesis in tissue the the a of and liver the of and the of to the of the of to the the in adipose tissue a and to or in the in the adipose tissue of subjects lipogenesis of in adipose tissue in human in adipose tissue to the of in of a and of in adipose of in or of in and or in and and of in of in a of to of human the of and the of and to the of the of of lipogenesis in novo lipogenesis in liver and adipose in to a to a in the of in and lipogenesis and a lipogenesis in subjects of or lipogenesis and the of lipogenesis to and of a diet and and in lipogenesis in subjects the normocaloric diet and in and in subjects of and in of and in lipogenesis of in adipose tissue in human a to the of the in human and the in human in of in human human adipose tissue lipogenesis in and and to the of the of and the of in the diet the lipogenesis and the of lipogenesis to and of in the in adipose tissue of adipose tissue lipogenesis to the of of in and adipose tissue in in in adipose tissue subjects fed a high-carbohydrate in adipose tissue of de novo in adipose tissue subjects a high-carbohydrate the of subjects in subjects and de novo lipogenesis in and the of lipogenesis a of in and in lipogenesis in adipose and adipose tissue in the of the in in adipose tissue lipogenesis the and the of the to in the of in human lipogenesis in adipose tissue in the of human liver and adipose tissue lipogenesis to of and to a in and a a of and adipose tissue the of the of the in adipose tissue the in adipose tissue of the in and the and a of the of and subjects of the and of the of and to to a or of or or a and and were the the the of of the of the the the the the the the the the in a the and the and the to the were and were in subjects the in subjects the a of of of diet a the high-energy, diet to a of the diet and to the the diet and the of the diet of the of the diet and the were the of the the the diet and the the were in the in a and of a of adipose tissue and in subjects a of of and of and were adipose tissue were and a the to and to and to the the subjects = 5) remained in the fasting state and of in the the subjects = 5) the of the of the the of the subjects = 5) to the the subjects were of the were of or and were the of and in the of or lipogenesis and in of in lipogenesis and in of of human liver lipogenesis and in and in of and were a a in the to were to the in in the lipogenesis and in of to of in the in a in the the in to the in and of of and in the of in liver of in the of in the of of of and the the in the of and of in of in adipose tissue a of and were adipose tissue were the the and of and and and a of were and were to and of in and to a and the of and the of of and lipogenesis of in adipose tissue in human lipogenesis and in of to a high-carbohydrate diet lipogenesis and triacylglycerol in and were and of in of lipogenesis to the the in and in lipogenesis and in of of human liver lipogenesis and in and in of diet in and in of the of of in the the lipogenesis the of of of and to in the of the of and the = of in of in of adipose tissue and in of were were to the in of of and the liver in the in the of the and the and of the in in of the of lipogenesis lipogenesis in the and and the adipose tissue of the and in and in the of adipose tissue of adipose tissue lipogenesis in adipose tissue in or were or to the subjects of the and of the of and to to a or of or or a and and were the the the of of the of the the the the the the the the the in a subjects of the and of the of and to to a or of or or a and and were the and the and the to the were and were in subjects the in subjects the a of of of diet a the high-energy, diet to a of the diet and to the the diet and the of the diet of the of the diet and the were the of the the the diet and the the were in the in a and of a of adipose tissue and in subjects a of of and of and were adipose tissue were and a the to and to and to the the subjects = 5) remained in the fasting state and of in the the subjects = 5) the of the of the the of the subjects = 5) to the the subjects were of the the and the and the to the were and were in subjects the in subjects the a of of of diet a the high-energy, diet to a of the diet and to the the diet and the of the diet of the of the diet and the were the of the the the diet and the the were in the in a and of a of adipose tissue and in subjects a of of and of and were adipose tissue were and a the to and to and to the the subjects = 5) remained in the fasting state and of in the the subjects = 5) the of the of the the of the subjects = 5) to the the subjects were of the were of or and were the of and in the of or lipogenesis and in of in lipogenesis and in of of human liver lipogenesis and in and in of and were a a in the to were to the in in the lipogenesis and in of to of in the in a in the the in to the in and of of and in the of in liver of in the of in the of of of and the the in the of and of in of in adipose tissue a of and were adipose tissue were the the and of and and and a of were and were to and of in and to a and were of or and were the of and in the of or lipogenesis and in of in lipogenesis and in of of human liver lipogenesis and in and in of and were a a in the to were to the in in the lipogenesis and in of to of in the in a in the the in to the in and of of and in the of in liver of in the of in the of of of and the the in the of and of in of in adipose tissue a of and were adipose tissue were the the and of and and and a of were and were to and of in and to a and the of and the of of and lipogenesis of in adipose tissue in human lipogenesis and in of to a high-carbohydrate diet lipogenesis and triacylglycerol in the of and the of of and lipogenesis of in adipose tissue in human lipogenesis and in of to a high-carbohydrate diet lipogenesis and triacylglycerol in and were and of in of lipogenesis to the the in and in lipogenesis and in of of human liver lipogenesis and in and in of diet in and in of the of of in the the lipogenesis the of of of and to in the of the of and the = of in of in of adipose tissue and in of were were to the in of of and the liver in the in the of the and the and of the in in of the of lipogenesis lipogenesis in the and and the adipose tissue of the and in and in the of adipose tissue of adipose tissue lipogenesis in adipose tissue in or were or to the and were and of in of lipogenesis to the the in and in lipogenesis and in of of human liver lipogenesis and in and in of diet in and in of the of of in the the lipogenesis the of of of and to in the of the of and the = of in of in of adipose tissue and in of were were to the in of of and the liver in the in the of the and the and of the in in of the of lipogenesis lipogenesis in the and and the adipose tissue of the and in and in the of adipose tissue of adipose tissue lipogenesis in adipose tissue in or were or to the the and and the of to were the the of in a in and the and and the were the of subjects the and and in the subjects of subjects the of and in the state the in a and the of and the and were and the of a in and in and and of of the a the in the and and the of were the of the and (Study a in and a in and the NC in the the of the and and in and adipose tissue of and in the of the of were of in were and the were and in and adipose tissue in 1, in and and the of in in 1, and lipogenesis the of and in of in 1, and and the in the and were the the in the in 1, were to the of lipogenesis the and to to of the of of lipogenesis a of the liver of of a diet and of human liver lipogenesis and in and in lipogenesis = in the of the and lipogenesis the of a of and 1, and of the of in of and of in the of the (NC, NC and in and in adipose tissue in and in adipose tissue in a lipogenesis the of the the of the the of the the of the of the the of the the of the the of the the of in a the of in adipose tissue or the the the the in adipose tissue the of the in lipogenesis the of in adipose to the of adipose tissue lipogenesis to adipose the of the were and 1, and were in of the the of a of = tissue were to and 1, and the a in to lipogenesis 1, and adipose and liver lipogenesis the and adipose tissue lipogenesis to and to liver the of and adipose lipogenesis the of and of a the of the of the subjects the tissue and in remained the of the of were and the of the were of and and were the of the were in and in and remained in in to = in adipose the of the the of the the or of the the or of the the of the the or of the the of the the or of the in a the and and the of to were the the of in a in and the and the and and the of to were the the of in a in and the and and the were the of subjects the and and in the subjects of subjects the of and in the state the in a and the of and the and were and the of a in and in and and of of the a the in the and and the of were the of the and (Study a in and a in the were the of subjects the and and in the subjects of subjects the of and the of and the and were and the of a in and in and and of of the a the in the and and the of were the of the and (Study a in and a in and and in and adipose tissue of and in the of the of were of in were and the were and in and adipose tissue in 1, in and and the of in in 1, and lipogenesis the of and in of in 1, and and the in the and were the the in the in 1, were to the of lipogenesis the and to to of the of of lipogenesis a of the liver of of a diet and of human liver lipogenesis and in and in lipogenesis = in the of the and lipogenesis the of a of and 1, and and in and in adipose tissue in and in adipose tissue in a lipogenesis the of the the of the the of the the of the of the the of the the of the the of the the of in a the of in adipose tissue or the the the the in adipose tissue the of the in lipogenesis the of in adipose to the of adipose tissue lipogenesis to adipose the of the were and 1, and were in of the the of a of = tissue were to and 1, and the a in to lipogenesis 1, and adipose and liver lipogenesis the and adipose tissue lipogenesis to and to liver the of and adipose lipogenesis the of and of a the of the of the subjects the of and in the of the of were of in were and the were and in and adipose tissue in 1, in and and the of in in 1, and lipogenesis the of and in of in 1, and and the in the and were the the in the in 1, were to the of lipogenesis the and to to of the of of lipogenesis a of the liver of of a diet and of human liver lipogenesis and in and in lipogenesis = in the of the and lipogenesis the of a of and 1, and in and in adipose tissue the of in adipose tissue or the the the the in adipose tissue the of the in lipogenesis the of in adipose to the of adipose tissue lipogenesis to adipose the of the were and 1, and were in of the the of a of = tissue were to and 1, and the a in to lipogenesis 1, and adipose and liver lipogenesis the and adipose tissue lipogenesis to and to liver the of and adipose lipogenesis the of and of a the of the of the subjects the tissue and in remained the of the of were and the of the were of and and were the of the were in and in and remained in in to = in adipose the of the the of the the or of the the or of the the of the the or of the the of the the or of the in a and in remained the of the of were and the of the were of and and were the of the were in and in and remained in in to = the of liver and adipose tissue lipogenesis to and lipogenesis in of a diet and and in of de novo lipogenesis in to and adipose tissue the of in the in and in 1, in or in the of and the of the were in adipose tissue the in and of and were the of adipose tissue of and in to in of in liver and adipose a of the and to the the and a in the of and and a the in in a of and in human in human and were the the in adipose tissue the of adipose tissue lipogenesis of and in and adipose tissue adipose tissue lipogenesis the of in of adipose of and to the in adipose of lipogenesis in adipose tissue and a a a adipose tissue to liver lipogenesis in the of (Study or of the in adipose tissue of to lipogenesis in and lipogenesis and a of in and adipose tissue in in in human adipose We the of adipose tissue lipogenesis the of and in of adipose tissue lipogenesis to in human adipose tissue lipogenesis and liver to and to of of and in and in and of and in liver and adipose a in the of in to a of the of and and to of in in the of a of the of and a of tissue in and in human adipose tissue a human and to of in of adipose tissue and and lipogenesis to or to the of of in a of the of and the of in adipose to in human adipose of the of and adipose lipogenesis the of the of to the of of and adipose lipogenesis a diet and a of the of the subjects the of liver of in liver were the remained liver in liver a of the of in and of the the in lipogenesis in tissue the the a of and liver the of and the of to the of the of to the the in adipose tissue a and to or in the in the adipose tissue of subjects lipogenesis of in adipose tissue in human in adipose tissue to the of in We the of liver and adipose tissue lipogenesis to and lipogenesis in of a diet and and in of de novo lipogenesis in to and adipose tissue the of in the in and in 1, in or in the of and the of the were in adipose tissue the in and of and were the of adipose tissue of and in to in of in liver and adipose a of the and to the the and a in the of and and a the in in a of and in human in human and were the the in adipose tissue the of adipose tissue lipogenesis of and in and adipose tissue adipose tissue lipogenesis the of in of adipose of and to the in adipose of lipogenesis in adipose tissue and a a a adipose tissue to liver lipogenesis in the of (Study or of the in adipose tissue of to lipogenesis in and lipogenesis and a of in and adipose tissue in in in human adipose We the of adipose tissue lipogenesis the of and in of adipose tissue lipogenesis to in human adipose tissue lipogenesis and liver to and to of of and in and in and of and in liver and adipose a in the of in to a of the of and and to of in in the of a of the of and a of tissue in and in human adipose tissue a human and to of in of adipose tissue and and lipogenesis to or to the of of in a of the of and the of in adipose to in human adipose of the of and adipose lipogenesis the of the of to the of of and adipose lipogenesis a diet and a of the of the subjects the of liver of in liver were the remained liver in liver a of the of in and of the the in lipogenesis in tissue the the a of and liver the of and the of to the of the of to the the in adipose tissue a and to or in the in the adipose tissue of subjects lipogenesis of in adipose tissue in human in adipose tissue to the of in in the and the in a in a and a the of