gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Novel integrated optical I/O couplers on MCMs using MEMS techniques</title> (1996)

Optoelectronic interconnection can provide a practical solution for the ever increasing communication bottleneck problems among a multitude of information processing units. As research activities progress in the field of serial or parallel board-to-board and module-to- module interconnection, some of the research focus has shifted to smaller physical dimensions, like intra-module interconnection, which combines optoelectronic interconnection, multichip module packaging, and microelectromechanical system technologies at the module level. This paper describes novel integrated optical input/output couplers on multichip modules using micro-machined silicon mirrors to be used for optoelectronic multichip modules. The proposed microstructure integrates optical waveguide networks, multilayer electrical transmission line networks, micro-machined silicon mirrors, and flip-chip bonded photonic devices into a single structure. Using both sides of the silicon wafers, multiple metal layers and optical waveguide layers can be successfully fabricated for all metals or optical waveguides. The proposed input/output coupling method utilizes an innovative combination of through-holes across OE- MCM and micro-machined silicon mirrors integrated together into a single package.
Elucidation of complexity and prediction of interactions in microbial communities (2017)

Microorganisms engage in complex interactions with other members of the microbial community, higher organisms as well as their environment. However, determining the exact nature of these interactions can be challenging due to the large number of members in these communities and the manifold of interactions they can engage in. Various omic data, such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing, shotgun metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics and metabolomics, have been deployed to unravel the community structure, interactions and resulting community dynamics in situ. Interpretation of these multi-omic data often requires advanced computational methods. Modelling approaches are powerful tools to integrate, contextualize and interpret experimental data, thus shedding light on the underlying processes shaping the microbiome. Here, we review current methods and approaches, both experimental and computational, to elucidate interactions in microbial communities and to predict their responses to perturbations.
Plant growth promoting potential of free‐living diazotrophs and other rhizobacteria isolated from Northern Indian soil (2006)

Abstract The viable count of free‐living diazotrophic bacteria in different crop rhizospheres varied from 1.11 × 10 4 to 8.5 × 10 5 CFU/g of soil. The majority of the diazotrophs phenotypically belong to either Azotobacter chroococcum , non‐ A. chroococcum type and to a heterogenous group tentatively named putative nitrogen‐fixing (PNF) bacteria. In this study, 25 isolates of the PNF group were screened for their multiple plant growth‐promoting (PGP) traits and grouped into 5 PGP types. An isolate, PNF 11 showed promising PGP potential in vitro and was characterized as a species of Achromobacter by 16S rRNA analysis. The isolate PNF 11 along with three other previously isolated PGP bacteria, Azotobacter sp . (AZS 3 ), fluorescent pseudomonas (Ps 5 ), Bacillus sp. (Bc 1 ) were selected for crop inoculation response in green house experiment on Vigna radiata var.T44. Plants from inoculated and control pots were sampled and analyzed at 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing for various vegetative, nodule‐related data and yield parameters. The findings indicated that selected isolate of PNF bacteria, and other PGP isolates with multiple activities significantly improve the plant growth parameters, yield parameters of Vigna radiata T44 over control and also show good compatibility with Bradyrhizobium inoculation.
Boron neutron capture therapy design calculation of a 3H(p,n) reaction based BSA for brain cancer setup (2015)

Purpose: Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a promising technique for the treatment of malignant disease targeting organs of the human body. Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to calculate optimum design parameters of an accelerator based beam shaping assembly (BSA) for BNCT of brain cancer setup. Methods: Epithermal beam of neutrons were obtained through moderation of fast neutrons from 3 H(p,n) reaction in a high density polyethylene moderator and a graphite reflector. The dimensions of the moderator and the reflector were optimized through optimization of epithermal / fast neutron intensity ratio as a function of geometric parameters of the setup. Results: The results of our calculation showed the capability of our setup to treat the tumor within 4 cm of the head surface. The calculated peak therapeutic ratio for the setup was found to be 2.15. Conclusion: With further improvement in the polyethylene moderator design and brain phantom irradiation arrangement, the setup capabilities can be improved to reach further deep-seated tumor.
A formal total synthesis of (.+-.)-vernolepin and (.+-.)-vernomenin (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA formal total synthesis of (.+-.)-vernolepin and (.+-.)-vernomeninTakeshi Wakamatsu, Hiromu Hara, and Yoshio BanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 1, 108–112Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00201a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00201a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views639Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Enthalpy Effect on Forming Diluted Solid Solutions of Two 4d and 5d Transition Metals (1983)

Abstract Predictions of the enthalpies of solution in the solid state will be presented for arbitrary combinations of 4d and 5d transition metals. The approach is similar to the one used in a previous paper on combinations of two 4d metals. In addition to the contribution stemming from the chemical interaction, which is equal to the enthalpy of solution in the liquid state, the enthalpy of solution in the solid state contains two other terms. The first of these accounts for the elastic energy arising from the atomic size mismatch, where this size mismatch has been corrected for volume changes that accompany the alloy formation. The second term takes into account the variation of the structure dependent energy in relation to the number of d‐electrons per atom. – The predictions are generally in good agreement with the solubilities found in the respective phase diagrams. For two systems, Zr in Pt and Pt in Nb, that on first sight present exceptions, preliminary experiments indicate that parts of the respective phase diagrams have to be revised. The structure‐dependent contribution manifests itself not only in the limiting solubilities in the main crystal structures of the pure metals, but also in the existence of disordered intermediate phases and may also be responsible for the anomalously large entropy of fusion recently observed for some transition metals.
Ultra-deep desulfurization of transportation fuels via charge-transfer complexes under ambient conditions (2005)

Very stringent regulations on the maximum sulfur content of gas oil have led to intense research into all aspects of desulfurization. Deep desulfurization of diesel fuels is particularly challenging due to the difficulty of removing refractory sulfur compounds, particularly 4,6-dialkyldibenzothiophenes, using conventional hydrodesulfurization processes (HDS). A novel approach to the potential desulfurization of fuels such as diesel is proposed. It relies on the ability of 4,6-dialkyldibenzothiophene to form charge-transfer complexes (CTC) with π-acceptor molecules. We present the synthesis of a new π-acceptor molecule, 4,5-dicyano-2,7-dinitrofluorenone, solution redox behaviour and the crystal structure of the charge-transfer complex with the refractory 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene. This π-acceptor compound was then immobilized on a hydrophobic support (poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene)). The selectivity of the CTC process was confirmed by the analysis of the sulfur compounds trapped from straight run Arabian Light (SR) containing 13600 ppm S. The functionalized polymer can be used in multiple cycles for the removal of refractory S-containing compounds from hydrotreated SR. It can also be regenerated with toluene. The high selectivity of this material permits diesel fuel to be desulfurized to a level that meets future regulatory requirements, i.e. less than 10 ppm S, at ambient temperature and without hydrogen consumption.
Analysis of Butadiene, Butadiene Monoxide, and Butadiene Dioxide in Blood by Gas Chromatography/Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy (1995)

A new method was developed to quantify the levels of 1,3-butadiene (BD), butadiene monoxide (BDO), and butadiene diepoxide (BDO2) in blood. The method was based on vacuum distillation of tissues followed by analysis of the distillates using multidimensional GC/MS. Metabolites isolated from blood by vacuum distillation were condensed into a cold trap. After warming the traps to room temperature, BD and BDO were sampled from the trap vapor phase. BDO2 was extracted from the codistilled water phase using ethyl acetate. Samples were analyzed using a multidimensional GC system equipped with a custom-built interface. The method was validated by analysis of 0.75-mL aliquots of mouse blood spiked with 5.0, 3.4, and 0.55 nmol of BD, BDO, and BDO2, respectively. The recoveries of analytes were 96 +/- 18%, 125 +/- 15%, and 98 +/- 12%, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). Kinetic studies indicated no loss of BDO and BDO2 in blood held at room temperature in closed containers for up to 1 h. The method was applied to blood samples from B6C3F1 mice and Sprague-Dawley rats exposed by inhalation (nose-only) to 100 ppm BD for 4 h. Blood levels of BD and BDO in exposed rats were 4.1 +/- 1.0 and 0.10 +/- 0.06 microM, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6). Levels of BDO2 were below the limits of detection (0.01 nmol/mL). Blood levels of BD, BDO, and BDO2 in mice exposed to 100 ppm BD for 4 h were 2.9 +/- 1.3, 0.38 +/- 0.14, and 0.33 +/- 0.19 microM, respectively (mean +/- SD, n = 6).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
[Angina due to anatomical anomalies and to functional changes in the epicardial coronary vessels]. (1991)

Myocardial ischemia with normal coronary arteries can be due to anatomic or functional reasons. The more severe congenital coronary anomalies in the adulthood are the origin of the left main of the left coronary artery from the right aortic sinus, with a course between the aorta and the pulmonary trunk, and the origin of the left main from the pulmonary trunk. Both these anomalies can cause sudden death, usually associated with physical exertion. The coronary vasomotion of epicardial vessels depends on the interaction of several neurohumoral substances. We report the hemodynamic, angiographic and stress test data of 30 patients affected by chest pain, with myocardial ischemia and normal coronary arteries. In 8 patients the response of epicardial coronary arteries to intracoronary infusion of acetylcholine was evaluated.
Radiation effects on heavily doped n-GaAs* (2002)

Studies the photoluminescence spectrum of silicon doped gallium arsenide with n=1.02*10/sup 16/, 1.7*10/sup 18/ and 2.7*10/sup 18//cm/sup 3/. The band-to-band transition was detected in the last two samples and was found to be insensitive to electron (7 MeV) or neutron (1 MeV equivalent damage in silicon) irradiation up to fluences of 10/sup 15//cm/sup 2/. The authors used this band-to-band transition as an intensity calibrator for other emissions. They measured the relative intensity of the excitonic peaks centered in the region 12225 cm/sup -1/ as a function of electron and neutron irradiation. The electron irradiation is about 10 times more effective than neutron in reducing the photoluminescence intensity in the excitonic region. The deep defect levels could be different in electron and neutron irradiated samples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ALD Synthesis of Tube-in-Tube Nanostructures of Transition Metal Oxides by Template Replication (2009)

Multiple co-axial nanotube structures of various transition metal oxides were successfully synthesized by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) techniques utilizing nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) as templates. In order to fabricate free-standing tube-in-tube nanostructures successive ALD nanotubes were grown on the interior walls of the AAO nanochannels. The co-axial nanotubes were alternated by sacrificial spacers of ALD Al2O3, to be chemically removed to release the nanotubes from the AAO template. This synthesis may be extended to fabricate n-times tube-in-tube nanostructures of different materials with applications in multi sensors, broad band detectors, nanocapacitors and photovoltaic cells by growing specific sequences of insulating, semiconducting and conducting ALD layers.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Exploratory Photophysical Investigation of Donor‐Bridge‐ Acceptor Systems Derived from N‐Substituted 4‐Piperidones. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
One-step preparation of flower-like poly(styrene-<i>co</i>-zwitterionic ionic liquid) microspheres with hierarchical structures for supported acidic heterogeneous catalysts (2015)

Novel flower-like poly(styrene-<italic>co</italic>-zwitterionic ionic liquid) microspheres with hierarchical structures for supported acidic heterogeneous catalysts show excellent catalytic activities for the esterifications, acetalizations and transesterifications.
Itch-Associated Peptides: RNA-Seq and Bioinformatic Analysis of Natriuretic Precursor Peptide B and Gastrin Releasing Peptide in Dorsal Root and Trigeminal Ganglia, and the Spinal Cord (2014)

RNA-Seq corroborates a primary itch afferent role for NPPB in mouse and potentially NPPB and NPPA in rats and humans, but does not support GRP as a primary itch neurotransmitter in mouse, rat, or humans. As such, our results are at odds with the initial proposal of Sun and Chen (2007) that GRP is expressed in DRG. By contrast, our data strongly support an itch pathway where the itch-inducing actions of GRP are exerted through its release from spinal cord neurons.
Synthesis and crystal structure of zirconium chloromethylphosphonate (1995)

The crystal structure of zirconium chloromethylphosphonate, Zr(O3PCH2Cl)2, has been solved and refined using powder diffraction data. The crystals belong to the space group P21/c with a= 9.3402(7)Å, b= 5.3926(3)Å, c= 21.374(2)Å and β= 107.892 (5)°. The reliability factors are Rwp= 0.155, Rp= 0.115, RF= 0.04 and expected Rwp= 0.035. The layer arrangement in the structure resembles very closely that in α-zirconium phosphate. The chlorine atoms on both the methyl groups are disordered, in such a way that the disordered positions are displaced along the b axis of the crystal.
Antitumor activity of some quaternary ammonium compounds. Structure-activity relation (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntitumor activity of some quaternary ammonium compounds. Structure-activity relationFotios M. Plakogiannis, Eric J. C. Lien, and John A. BilesCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1971, 14, 5, 430–432Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00287a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00287a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On-Line Learning Gossip Algorithm in Multi-Agent Systems with Local Decision Rules (2013)

IEEE International Conference on BigData 2013
Diffraction-capable microfluidic crystallization chips for screening and structure determination (2008)

Ca 2+ -ATPase of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum (SERCA1a) is an integral membrane protein of 110K and the best characterised member of the P-type (or E1/E2-type) ion translocating ATPases. It transports 2 Ca 2+ and counter-transports 2~3 H + per ATP hydrolysed. SERCA1a consists of 10 transmembrane helices, 3 cytoplasmic domains (A, actuator; N, nucleotide binding; P, phosphorylation) and small lumenal loops [1]. We have determined the crystal structures of this enzyme in 8 different states, in which the ATPase shows drastically different domain arrangements [1]. All the crystals are of type I (i.e. stacks of membraneous crystals) and required phospholipids, which form bilayers in the crystals. The crystals diffracted to fairly high resolution (better than 2.5 resolution for most of them) at BL41XU, SPring-8. As we use the dialysis method for crystallisation, we can accurately control important parameters, such as protein : lipid : detergent ratio. In this presentation, I will briefly describe our experience in crystallisation of SERCA1a.
Controlled SLN Delivery by Thermoresponsive In-situ Forming Erodible Gels; A Whole-body and Organ Imaging Study (2018)

Our results indicate that NP-incorporated gel can be used to control the release of SLNs from application site and prolong their action in a sustained manner.
How to Live Long and Prosper: Autophagy, Mitochondria, and Aging (2008)

Autophagy is a process of cellular self-degradation in which portions of the cytoplasm are sequestered within cytosolic double-membrane vesicles and delivered to the lysosome/vacuole. This process occurs in all eukaryotic cells and is partly a stress response; autophagy is induced during starvation and hypoxia. However, autophagy also plays a role during development and is associated with a range of diseases. Accumulating data also suggest the involvement of autophagy in aging. For example, the role of various hormones and nutrient sensing pathways in life span extension may involve autophagy. Similarly, autophagy is the primary mechanism for removing damaged organelles, such as mitochondria, which may have a direct impact on aging. Here, we review the role of autophagy, with an emphasis on the signaling pathways that are involved in regulation, and the consequences of autophagy induction with regard to aging.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of pH on the Regioselectivity of Pictet‐Spengler Reactions of 3‐Hydroxyphenethylamines with Formaldehyde and Acetaldehyde. (1987)

Abstract The phenethylamines (I) are coupled with the aldehydes (II), producing the regioisomeric isoquinoline derivatives (III) and (IV).
Periodic focusing of beams from partially shielded cathodes (1955)

Using both an analog computer and an approximate analytical method, the equation describing the beam shapes which result from a uniform pencil beam of electrons entering a periodic magnetic field has been studied. The investigation has been primarily directed toward beams emergent from ideal cathodes only partially shielded from the magnetic field. Cases of both small and large scalloping have been considered. Curves relating the magnetic field coefficient α and the space-charge coefficient β are presented. A previously proposed relationship between α and β for small scalloping is shown to be inaccurate for large scalloping. Stable solutions for the motion of an electron beam having no thermal velocities are obtained for values of α less than 0.66 and in addition they are also found for some values of α greater than 0.66.
Problems associated with the isolation of auxotrophic mutants from plant cell tissue culture (1978)

The problems of auxotrophic mutant selection and preservation in cell tissue culture of Nicotiana sylvestris have been investigated and some progress towards their solution made. Variation in cytological stability between cultures depends on the genotype and culture conditions. Repeated cloning led to a cell line which was more stable than the parental line, although still susceptible to polyploidisation. Comparison within sets of clones showed that mean cell diameter was proportional to mean DNA content, and that the level of dispersion was related to cell size. The more polyploid cells were the least aggregated, and this relationship held even within a culture. The minimum inoculum density in suspension culture was reduced to 100 cells per ml. whereas in agar this was higher, being 3,000 cells per ml. for very small aggregates. Repeated photomicrography allowed the fate of individual cells and aggregates to be followed. The lethality of the mutagen, ethyl methane sulphonate, was determined by vital staining and plating. The suicide enrichment technique employing 5-bromodeoxyuridine 2'deoxyriboside was found to be highly effective in the preferential killing of growing over arrested cells in model culture systems of N. sylvestris and Acer pseudoplatanus. An attempt was made at the isolation of auxotrophic mutants, employing a protocol including mutagenic and enrichment steps. None of the colonies recovered were auxotrophic. Cultures of N. sylvestris are difficult to freeze preserve due to their large cell size and high degree of vacuolation. The best recovery was achieved by pre-growth in mannitol-containing medium, use of glycerol as cryoprotectant, freezing at 1/2&deg;C per minute to -35&deg;C and plunging into liquid nitrogen, followed by rapid thawing. Post-thaw loss of viability upon resuspension, although high, could be reduced by the use of medium iso-osmotic to that in which the cells were frozen.