gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunological Effects of Ciclosporin in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis: Suppression of Activated T Cells and Autoantibody Levels (1987)

The effects of ciclosporin (CS) on liver immunohistology and peripheral blood T lymphocyte distribution were studied in 5 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) receiving CS treatment for 6 months. Several significant immunological changes were seen during the course of treatment: the numbers of infiltrating T cells (Leu4<sup>+</sup>) and HLA-DR<sup>+</sup> cells (mainly macrophage/dendritic-like) within the lobule parenchyma decreased; the total circulating T cell numbers increased and the percentage of activated, HLA-DR-expressing Leu2a<sup>+</sup> (‘suppressor/cytotoxic’) T cells and Leu3a<sup>+</sup> (‘helper/inducer’) T cells decreased. Moreover, using a highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay for antimitochondrial antibody (AMA), a selective decrease of IgM-type (but not IgG-type) AMA levels was observed in 4 patients. A reversal towards pretreatment values was observed for all these immunological parameters 3–6 months after withdrawal of therapy. We conclude that CS may inhibit both cell-mediated and antibody-mediated autoimmune mechanisms operating in PBC.
Annotating and Learning Event Durations in Text (2011)

This article presents our work on constructing a corpus of news articles in which events are annotated for estimated bounds on their duration, and automatically learning from this corpus. We describe the annotation guidelines, the event classes we categorized to reduce gross discrepancies in inter-annotator judgments, and our use of normal distributions to model vague and implicit temporal information and to measure inter-annotator agreement for these event duration distributions. We then show that machine learning techniques applied to this data can produce coarse-grained event duration information automatically, considerably outperforming a baseline and approaching human performance. The methods described here should be applicable to other kinds of vague but substantive information in texts.
Power Management Device Characteristics for Semiconductor Test Instrumentation (2007)

Common-mode and magnetic emission performance of isolated dc-dc converter modules are identified as parameters critical to the success of next-generation semiconductor test architecture. Specification and application data from commercial suppliers does not include these parameters - making characterization necessary. This paper provides a brief analysis of system architecture leading to a proposalfor a set of dc-dc converter measurements that enable system design - including a new approach to common mode current measurement. Data from commercially available devices is provided to demonstrate the need for characterization in test instrumentation applications.
Efficacy of zoledronic acid versus placebo on biochemical markers of bone metabolism in patients with breast cancer metastatic to bone (2006)

10559 Background: Zoledronic acid reduces the levels of bone markers and the risk of skeletal complications in patients with bone metastases. Recently, a correlation between the levels of biochemical markers of bone metabolism and the risk of clinical complications (ie, skeletal complications, disease progression, and death) in patients with bone metastases has been reported. The effect of zoledronic acid on bone marker levels was assessed in patients with bone metastases from breast cancer in a multicenter randomized trial conducted in Japan. Methods: Women with bone metastases secondary to breast cancer (N = 228) were randomized to 4 mg zoledronic acid (n = 114) or placebo (n = 114) every 4 weeks for 1 year. Levels of urinary N-telopeptide (NTX), a sensitive marker of bone resorption, were measured at baseline and regularly throughout the study. Results: The table shows that zoledronic acid reduced NTX levels in patients compared with placebo. Patients treated with zoledronic acid had a mean decrease of 61% from baseline NTX levels at week 2. This decrease was maintained throughout the study in this treatment group and was 54% at week 52. In contrast, patients in the placebo group had a mean increase of 27% from baseline NTX levels at week 2, and levels of NTX continued to increase during the study, reaching 146% above baseline at week 52. Conclusions: This analysis shows that treatment with zoledronic acid reduced NTX levels in patients with bone metastases from breast cancer compared with placebo. These results are consistent with published reports in patients with prostate or lung cancer and are consistent with the significant reduction in skeletal morbidity observed in this trial in breast cancer patients. Zoledronic acid demonstrated a 39% reduction in skeletal morbidity in this patient population. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
PP/ABS blends with carbon black: Morphology and electrical properties (2009)

Abstract Phase morphology of melt‐mixed polypropylene (PP)/acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) blends was found to be blend ratio dependent, viz., matrix‐particle dispersed type of morphology which was observed up to 30 wt % of ABS level beyond which the morphology showed co‐continuous type. The domain size of 80/20 PP/ABS blends was found to decrease significantly at 10 wt % carbon black (CB) level, and in case of 70/30 blends morphology was transformed into co‐continuous type in the presence of CB, which was retained up to 60 wt % ABS. The finer morphological features were associated with the compatibilizing action of CB particles. Continuous network was achieved through aggregated CB particles predominantly in the PP phase wherein one could find CB‐rich PP phase and CB‐less PP phase. Solution experiments further supported the existence of CB particles preferentially in the PP phase. AC electrical conductivity measurements indicated a 3D network‐like structure of CB aggregates in the co‐continuous compositions which showed enhanced electrical conductivity as compared to the matrix‐dispersed type of morphology in 80/20 PP/ABS blends which exhibited insulating behavior. On increasing ABS content in the blends the electrical conductivity decreased progressively due to a difficulty in retaining 3D continuous network of CB aggregates especially at 40/60 composition. Increased processing temperature led to a higher electrical conductivity in the respective blends. Dielectric measurements revealed the existence of metallic type of conduction in the co‐continuous compositions. However, 80/20 blends showed low ε′ value. Overall, structure property relationship studies were conducted in PP/ABS blends with CB. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Risk and surveillance of individuals with colorectal polyps. Who Collaborating Centre for the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer. (1990)

Since colorectal adenomas are very probably the precursors of colorectal cancer, their detection and removal should result in a decrease in the incidence and mortality from colorectal cancer. Individuals who harbour an adenoma have a 30-50% probability of having additional adenomas at that time, and a 30% probability of having additional adenomas later. Adenomas are prevalent in countries where colorectal cancer is prevalent, about two-thirds of them being tubular and the rest tubulovillous or villous. The initial management of patients with an adenoma consists in searching by colonoscopy the entire colon and removing all additional polyps. Surgical resection is required wherever there is invasive cancer with adverse histological factors. Follow-up in most patients can be after 2-4 years, earlier follow-up being reserved for patients with numerous polyps or with a polyp that had been removed piecemeal. The results of ongoing trials should provide firm guidelines for follow-up and could also be used in mathematical modelling to examine alternative strategies and to help understand the evolving patterns of appearance of new polyps. Finally, a deeper understanding of the biology and inherited and acquired genetics will help identify individuals at risk for adenomas initially and at follow-up. Nutritional factors may also provide a basis for prevention of adenomas in high-risk countries. Many of these issues are being addressed in current research.
Coordination of DNA–PK Activation and Nuclease Processing of DNA Termini in NHEJ (2010)

DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), particularly those induced by ionizing radiation (IR), are complex lesions that can be cytotoxic if not properly repaired. IR-induced DSB often have DNA termini modifications, including thymine glycols, ring fragmentation, 3'-phosphoglycolates, 5'-hydroxyl groups, and abasic sites. Nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) is a major pathway responsible for the repair of these complex breaks. Proteins involved in NHEJ include the Ku 70/80 heterodimer, DNA-PKcs, processing proteins including Artemis and DNA polymerases μ and λ, XRCC4, DNA ligase IV, and XLF. We will discuss the role of the physical and functional interactions of DNA-PK as a result of activation, with an emphasis on DNA structure, chemistry, and sequence. With the diversity of IR induced DSB, it is becoming increasingly clear that multiple DNA processing enzymes are likely necessary for effective repair of a break. We will explore the roles of several important processing enzymes, with a focus on the nuclease Artemis and its role in processing diverse DSB. The effect of DNA termini on both DNA-PK and Artemis activity will be analyzed from a structural and biochemical view.
Biologic therapy of melanoma with cytokines and lymphocytes (1996)

Melanoma has a somewhat unpredictable behavior, and spontaneous regressions do occasionally occur. Many have surmised that these are the result of immunologic attack by the host. Immunologic treatment has been more successful for melanoma than for most other neoplasms, even with relatively crude therapies, such as bacterial products. With the availability of recombinant cytokines, immunotherapy for melanoma has entered a new era. Interleukin-2 (IL-2), which acts entirely through immunologic mechanisms, has been tested extensively, either alone, in combination with other cytokines, or with adoptive cellular therapy. Alone, it has only modest antitumor activity, even at high doses. Its utility may be greater when combined with immunocompetent cells, especially tumor-sensitized T lymphocytes, in adoptive immunotherapy. On the other hand, nonspecific lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells do not appear to add significantly to the efficacy of IL-2 alone. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) also has had fairly limited activity in the advanced disease setting, but, on the basis of a recently completed randomized trial, has arguably become the “standard of care” in the adjuvant setting for patients with high-risk melanoma, particularly node-positive patients. A number of regimens combining IL-2, IFN-γ, and chemotherapeutic agents have yielded striking response rates in small trials and await confirmation in larger studies. With better delineation of the host immune response and definition of relevant tumor antigens, we can look forward to exciting results with combinations of vaccines, cytokines, and adoptive cellular approaches, particularly in patients with micrometastatic disease. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
ESR Study on the Structure and Hydroxyl Radical-Scavenging Activity Relationships of Ginsenosides Isolated from Panax ginseng C. A. MEYER (2007)

Ginsenosides have been regarded as the main active components of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, and the antioxidant activity of ginsenosides in vivo is well described. However, there has been virtually no report describing the direct free radical-scavenging activities of ginsenosides through the long history of ginseng research. The hydroxyl radical (*OH)-scavenging activity test using an electron spin resonance spectrometer (ESR) is suggested to be the most appropriate to measure the antioxidant activities of ginsenosides. Therefore, we investigated the *OH-scavenging and ferrous metal ion-chelating activities of several ginsenosides of Panax ginseng using ESR for the identification of active ginsenosides and its structure and activity relationships. As a result, 20(S)-Rg(3) showed the strongest activity, and the next were in the decreasing order of Rb(1), Rg(1), Rc, Rb(2), and Rd when dissolved with water. The *OH-scavenging activities of ginsenosides were related to the ferrous metal ion-chelating activities of their aglycone, 20(S)-protopanaxadiol. In addition, the ferrous metal ion-chelating activities of ginsenosides were thought to be influenced by their types of hydrophilic sugar moieties.
Damping of Cantilevered Traffic Signal Structures (2001)

Fatigue failure of cantilever (mast arm) supports for traffic signs and signals due to wind-induced vibrations has occurred in several states. A preferred method of reducing and perhaps eliminating these failures is to decrease the number and magnitude of load cycles by installing a damping device. Several types of damping devices were developed and tested on a mast arm at the University of Florida Structures Laboratory and field mast arm structures in Gainesville and Tampa, Florida. Both free-vibration and forced-vibration techniques were used to evaluate the responses of the structures. In addition, response under actual wind conditions was determined for the preferred damping device on the Tampa installation. Damping devices tested included tuned mass dampers, liquid dampers, friction dampers, damping devices installed at the arm-pole connection, and impact dampers. The preferred device was a tapered impact damper that functions in both the horizontal and vertical directions. This device was selected based on overall performance, applicability of a single device to a full range of field conditions, and economy of construction.
Chemistry of porous coordination polymers (2007)

Abstract Remarkable advances in the recent development of porous compounds based upon coordination polymers have paved the way toward functional chemistry having potential applications such as gas storage, separation, and catalysis. From the synthetic point of view, the advantage is a designable framework, which can readily be constructed from building blocks, the so-called bottom-up assembly. Compared with conventional porous materials such as zeolites and activated carbons, porous inorganic-organic hybrid frameworks have higher potential for adsorption of small molecules because of their designability with respect to the coordination geometry around the central metal ion as well as size and probable multifunctionality of bridging organic ligands. Although rigidity and robustness of porous framework with different degree of adsorption are the most studied properties of metal-organic coordination frameworks, there are few studies on dynamic porous frameworks, which could open up a new dimension in materials chemistry.
The reaction of aromatic nitroso-compounds with enamines. Part I. The reaction of nitrosobenzene with 1-morpholin-1-ylcyclohexene (1972)

The reaction of nitrosobenzene with 1-morpholin-1-ylcyclohexene gives the hydroxylamine (1; R = H) as the initial product. On standing (1; R = H) rearranges into N-(2-hydroxy-2-morpholin-1-ylcyclohexylidene)aniline (2). The reactions of (1; R = H) and (2) are discussed.
SUMO (small‐ubiquitin‐like modifier) in Tetrahymena thermophila (2010)

Cilia and flagella organelles serve important roles in a wide variety of organisms. Outside of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii flagella, there is limited understanding of ciliary protein composition and regulation. We investigate SUMO ( S mall u biquitin‐like mo difier) protein modification in the cilia of the single celled protozoan, Tetrahymena thermophila . SUMO is a member of the family of ubiquitin‐like polypeptides that become covalently attached to intracellular target proteins in eukaryotic organisms. Bioinformatics have shown a single SUMO gene in the genome of this organism. Real‐time RT‐PCR of T. thermophila samples has confirmed the expression of this SUMO gene. Additionally, western‐blot analysis of ciliary extracts has shown three SUMOylated proteins of approximately 35kD, 50kD and 135kD. The 135kD SUMOylated protein is preferentially found in ciliary extracts and not in cell body extracts. This implies there are specific SUMOylated target proteins in the cilia. Fractionations of ciliary extracts have been submitted for mass‐spectrometry analysis and reveal proteins not previously found in the T. thermophila ciliary proteome. Supported by NSF and the Nebraska Research Council.
Una lectura del nacimiento de la tragedia a partir de sus escritos preparatorios y fragmentos póstumos (1999)

La tesis doctoral presenta un estudio de la evolucion de la estetica de lo apolineo -dionisiaco de El nacimiento de la tragedia, desde sus primeros pasos en el otono de 1869 hasta el momento en el que Nietzsche realiza la redaccion del texto definitivo para el libro. El objeto de la investigacion ha sido el poner a la luz el nucleo de esa estetica, consistente en ser una teoria de la creacion de la poesia lirica, y no de la tragedia como espectaculo teatral. A partir de una atencion especial a la conceptualidad musical, el trabajo ofrece esa vision mostrando las influencias de Wagner y Schopenhauer en textos ineditos y materiales a los que la investigacion no habia prestado atencion hasta ahora. Puntos fundamentales en esa vision son sobre todo el reconocimiento del concepto de inconsciente como significado de la expresion musical, la recepcion de la teoria wagneriana del drama y la determinacion exacta de las influencias schopenhauerianas en la cuestion del pesimismo.
Experimental and numerical study of thermal transport in 24-beam ultraviolet irradiation of spherical targets (1989)

A series of thermal transport experiments using spectral-line signature and ion expansion measurements has been performed in spherical geometry using the 24 UV-converted beams of the Omega laser system at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics of the University of Rochester. Comparison with previous experiments employing only six beams shows a much better agreement in the mass ablation rate, when using 24 beams, between experimental results obtained from charge collectors and code simulations using a flux limiter of 0.1. The influence of nonuniformities in the irradiation, x-ray line reabsorption, and ionization time lag (non-LTE effects) were studied with the help of a collisional-radiative model. These processes were found to alter the falloff rates (determined mainly by the radical profile of the temperature) of the relative x-ray line intensity with overcoat thickness. With these effects included, agreement between calculated and measured burnthrough curves is greatly improved.
A Validated Physical Model For Real-Time Simulation of Soft Robotic Snakes (2019)

In this work we present a framework that is capable of accurately representing soft robotic actuators in a multiphysics environment in real-time. We propose a constraint-based dynamics model of a 1-dimensional pneumatic soft actuator that accounts for internal pressure forces, as well as the effect of actuator latency and damping under inflation and deflation and demonstrate its accuracy a full soft robotic snake with the composition of multiple 1D actuators. We verify our model's accuracy in static deformation and dynamic locomotion open-loop control experiments. To achieve real-time performance we leverage the parallel computation power of GPUs to allow interactive control and feedback.
Asymmetric Permeators—A Conceptual Study (1980)

Abstract The asymmetric permeator concept of Ohno et. al. utilizing two different membranes for rare gas separation has been explored in general. Various geometrical arrangements and possible applications to gas separations other than rare gas-nitrogen mixtures have been discussed. The utility of an asymmetric permeator for multicomponent gas separations has been investigated. The separation factor of a ternary system in a perfectly mixed asymmetric permeator has been obtained. The amount of separation obtained with a ternary feed in a perfect crossflow stage having no axial mixing has been analytically determined for some limiting cases with an asymmetric permeator. The asymmetric permeator concept has been extended also to a high separation factor liquid solution separation process like reverse osmosis desalination. Preliminary calculations have been carried out to show that an asymmetric desalinator with reverse osmosis (RO) and piezodialysis (PD) membranes has a lower increase in brine concentration along the module length for a given water recovery resulting in a lower operating pressure. With hollow fiber asymmetric desalinators having RO and PD membranes, the concentration polarization, if any, may be significantly reduced. Practical applications of asymmetric permeator's for phenol-water separation etc. have been discussed.
Engineering stereoselectivity of ThDP-dependent enzymes (2013)

Thiamine diphosphate-dependent enzymes are broadly distributed in all organisms, and they catalyse a broad range of C-C bond forming and breaking reactions. Enzymes belonging to the structural families of decarboxylases and transketolases have been particularly well investigated concerning their substrate range, mechanism of stereoselective carboligation and carbolyase reaction. Both structurally different enzyme families differ also in stereoselectivity: enzymes from the decarboxylase family are predominantly R-selective, whereas those from the transketolase family are S-selective. In recent years a key focus of our studies has been on stereoselective benzoin condensation-like 1,2-additions. Meanwhile, several S-selective variants of pyruvate decarboxylase, benzoylformate decarboxylase and 2-succinyl-5-enolpyruvyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (SEPHCHC) synthase as well as R-selective transketolase variants were created that allow access to a broad range of enantiocomplementary α-hydroxyketones and α,α'-dihydroxyketones. This review covers recent studies and the mechanistic understanding of stereoselective C-C bond forming thiamine diphosphate-dependent enzymes, which has been guided by structure-function analyses based on mutagenesis studies and from influences of different substrates and organic co-solvents on stereoselectivity.
Pediatric Providers’ Self-Reported Knowledge, Practices, and Attitudes About Concussion (2012)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the self-reported practices and attitudes surrounding concussion diagnosis and management in a single, large pediatric care network. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was distributed to pediatric primary care and emergency medicine providers in a single, large pediatric care network. For all survey participants, practices and attitudes about concussion diagnosis and treatment were queried. RESULTS: There were 145 responses from 276 eligible providers, resulting in a 53% response rate, of which 91% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 86%–95%) had cared for at least 1 concussion patient in the previous 3 months. A Likert scale from 1 “not a barrier” to 5 “significant barrier” was used to assess providers’ barriers to educating families about the diagnosis of concussion. Providers selected 4 or 5 on the scale for the following barriers and frequencies: inadequate training to educate 16% (95% CI: 11%–23%), inadequate time to educate 15% (95% CI: 12%–24%), and not my role to educate 1% (95% CI: 0.4%–5%). Ninety-six percent (95% CI: 91%–98%) of providers without a provider decision support tool (such as a clinical pathway or protocol) specific to concussion, and 100% (95% CI: 94%–100%) of providers without discharge instructions specific to concussion believed these resources would be helpful. CONCLUSIONS: Although pediatric primary care and emergency medicine providers regularly care for concussion patients, they may not have adequate training or infrastructure to systematically diagnose and manage these patients. Specific provider education, decision support tools, and patient information could help enhance and standardize concussion management.