gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modified-prior i-vector estimation for language identification of short duration utterances (2014)

In this paper, we address the problem of Language Identification (LID) on short duration segments. Current state-of-the-art LID systems typically employ total variability i-Vector modeling for obtaining fixed length representation of utterances. However, when the utterances are short, only a small amount of data is available, and the estimated i-Vector representation will consequently exhibit significant variability, making the identification problem challenging. In this paper, we propose novel techniques to modify the standard normal prior distribution of the i-Vectors, to obtain a more discriminative i-Vector extraction given the small amount of available utterance data. Improved performance was observed by using the proposed i-Vector estimation techniques on short segments of the DARPA RATS corpora, with lengths as small as 3 seconds. Index Terms: Language identification, i-Vector, short duration segments, RATS
<title>Silicon microbench heater elements for packaging optoelectronic devices</title> (1996)

Examples are presented of the application of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's expertise in photonics packaging. Several examples of packaged devices are described. Particular attention is given to silicon microbenches incorporating heaters and their use in semiconductor optical amplifier fiber pigtailing and packaging.
Essential role of the molecular chaperone gp96 in regulating melanogenesis (2013)

Through a process known as melanogenesis, melanocyte produces melanin in specialized organelles termed melanosomes, which regulates pigmentation of the skin, eyes, and hair. Gp96 is a constitutively expressed heat shock protein in the endoplasmic reticulum whose expression is further upregulated upon ultraviolet irradiation. However, the roles and mechanisms of this chaperone in pigmentation biology are unknown. In this study, we found that knockdown of gp96 by RNA interference significantly perturbed melanin synthesis and blocked late melanosome maturation. Gp96 knockdown did not impair the expression of tyrosinase, an essential enzyme in melanin synthesis, but compromised its catalytic activity and melanosome translocation. Further, mice with melanocyte-specific deletion of gp96 displayed decreased pigmentation. A mechanistic study revealed that the defect in melanogenesis can be rescued by activation of the canonical Wnt pathway, consistent with the critical roles of gp96 in chaperoning Wnt-coreceptor LRP6. Thus, this work uncovered the essential role of gp96 in regulating melanogenesis.
Exploiting half-wits: smarter storage for low-power devices (2011)

This work analyzes the stochastic behavior of writing to embedded flash memory at voltages lower than recommended by a microcontroller's specifications to reduce energy consumption. Flash memory integrated within a microcontroller typically requires the entire chip to operate on common supply voltage almost double what the CPU portion requires. Our approach tolerates a lower supply voltage so that the CPU may operate in a more energy efficient manner. Energy efficient coding algorithms then cope with flash memory that behaves unpredictably.Our software-only coding algorithms (in-place writes, multiple-place writes, RS-Berger codes) enable reliable storage at low voltages on unmodified hardware by exploiting the electrically cumulative nature of half-written data in write-once bits. For a sensor monitoring application using the MSP430, coding with in-place writes reduces the overall energy consumption by 34%. In-place writes are competitive when the time spent on computation is at least four times greater than the time spent on writes to flash memory. Our evaluation shows that tightly maintaining the digital abstraction for storage in embedded flash memory comes at a significant cost to energy consumption with minimal gain in reliability.
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometric analysis of complexes between peptide‐derived Amadori products and borate ions (2009)

Hexose-modified peptides, products of the enzymatic hydrolysis of glycated proteins, could be used as markers of diabetes mellitus, the aging process and other diseases. The main difficulty in this approach is the detection of glycated peptides in the complex mixtures of compounds. In this study we investigated the formation of borate complexes of the peptide-derived Amadori products by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) experiments. It was found that the formation of a complex with the borate ion stabilizes the sugar moiety, resulting in the simplification of the fragmentation patterns of peptide-derived Amadori products. The level of dehydration, as well as the elimination of formaldehyde from the precursor ions of borate complexes, was lower as compared to the free peptide. On the other hand the intensity of the b- and y-type ions for borate complexes is significantly higher in comparison to the free peptide-derived Amadori product. Moreover, the elimination of a whole hexose moiety was not detected in the examined peptides.
Benzimidazolin-2-ylidene N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of ruthenium as a simple catalyst for the N-alkylation of amines using alcohols and diols (2014)

Simple non-chelating ruthenium benzimidazolin-2-ylidene complexes as efficient <italic>N</italic>-alkylation catalysts using alcohols and diols following a hydrogen borrowing strategy.
Chinese Herbal Medicine (Zi Shen Qing) for Mild-to-Moderate Systematic Lupus Erythematosus: A Pilot Prospective, Single-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Study (2013)

Objective. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness and safety of a Chinese herbal formula Zi Shen Qing (ZSQ) in the treatment of systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Chinese patients. Methods. A randomized controlled trial was conducted over 12 weeks in 84 Chinese patients who reported total scores of SLE Disease Activity Index-2000 (SLEDAI-2000) was from 5 to 14. The primary outcome was the changes of the SLEDAI-2000. The secondary outcomes included score changes of Chinese Medicine Syndromes (CMS), the changes of steroid dosage, the incidence of disease flare-up and biologic markers. Results. ZSQ significantly reduced SLEDAI-2000, the total scores of CMS in the treatment group compared with the controlled group (P < 0.05). Superiority of ZSQ over controlled group was also observed with greater improvement in the withdrawal dosage of corticosteroids and the incidence of disease flare-up (P < 0.05). There were no serious adverse events, and safety indices of whole blood counts, renal and liver functions were normal, both before and after the treatment. Conclusion. ZSQ is safe and effective for decreasing SLE disease activity and withdrawal dosage of corticosteroids in the mild to moderate SLE patients with "Deficiency of Qi and Yin" Pattern.
Photodynamics of nickel-porphyrins in noncoordinating solvents: characterization of d-d excited states using transient Raman spectroscopy (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotodynamics of nickel-porphyrins in noncoordinating solvents: characterization of d-d excited states using transient Raman spectroscopyE. W. Findsen, J. A. Shelnutt, and M. R. OndriasCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 2, 307–314Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100313a014https://doi.org/10.1021/j100313a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views245Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Initiation of Rapid Ethylene Synthesis by Apple and Pear Fruits in Relation to Storage Temperature (1983)

The influence of storage temperature on the onset of rapid ethylene production was investigated for fruits of Conference pear (Pyrus communis L.) and five cultivars of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). The time taken from harvest to rapid ethylene production was shorter and more uniform at 3 °C than at 18–20 °C for Conference pears and Golden Delicious apples. Increases in internal ethylene concentration, 1-amino cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid concentration and ethylene production were simultaneous in Golden Delicious apples at 3 °C. When Golden Delicious apples were held at 3 °C for 48 h and then kept at 20 °C the mean time of onset of ethylene production was similar to that for apples held continuously at 20 °C. However, two periods of 48 h at 3 °C caused earlier ethylene production. Conversely, ethylene production at 3 °C was delayed by transfer to 20 °C for two periods of 48 h. Cox's Orange Pippin and other apple cultivars tended to show more synchronous ethylene production at 3 °C than at higher temperatures but the mean time of onset was either unaffected by temperature or slighdy delayed at lower temperature. Acceleration of the onset of ethylene production by low temperature was never observed in Cox's Orange Pippin apples harvested at weekly intervals from 10 August to 17 September.
Clinical Implications of Procoagulant and Leukoattractant Formation During Intraoperative Blood Salvage (1988)

Experiments using 21 dogs and red cell salvage equipment (Haemonetics Cell Saver, Haemonetics Corp, Braintree, Mass) were employed to study the formation and potency of procoagulant and leukoattractant material during experimental autologous blood salvage. Washed red cell suspensions were found to include toxic degradation products that had been released from a deposit of platelets and white cells adherent to the centrifuge bowl wall. When reinfused, these toxic products resulted in a "salvaged blood syndrome" of intravascular clotting and pulmonary damage. The pulmonary arterioles showed leukocyte margination and tangled fibrin skeins with occlusive thrombi. Intra-alveolar and perivascular hemorrhages, along with extensive pulmonary edema, were also observed. The formation of procoagulant and leukoattractant material could be markedly decreased when the red cell salvage technique incorporated the following precautions: (1) minimal dilution with saline (normal plasma protein levels), (2) a low calcium level, and (3) minimal platelet activation (avoidance of the aspiration of clotted blood just before processing).
Microstructural characteristics of ternary rare earth-iron alloys (1988)

The microstructures of ternary alloy compositions based on the highly magnetostrictive (Tb,Dy)Fe/sub 2/ compounds have been investigated by SEM (scanning electron microscope) metallography. The influence of preparation route and heat treatment on the prevailing microstructure has been examined. As-cast and annealed induction melted material have both been examined as a function of iron composition. Lattice parameter variations with composition and heat treatment have been observed. The detailed microstructures have been characterized by BSE imaging, X-ray microanalysis, and electron microprobe analysis. Interpretation of the results has led to the suggestion of a modified phase diagram in the region of the Laves phase compound.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Braid Order (2000)

In this chapter, we construct a linear ordering of the braids. This linear ordering appears canonical in several respects; in particular, the braids larger than 1 are characterized as those braids admitting an expression where the generator with smaller index appears positively onlyi.e.where some letter σ i occurs, but the letter σ −1 does not, nor does any letter σ ± with k <i. The order is decidablei.e.there exists an effective algorithm that compares any two given braid words, it is compatible with multiplication on one side, and the setB ∞ of all braids is order isomorphic to the rationals.
Synthetic-Aperture Radar Based on Nonsinusoidal Functions: VII-Thumbtack Ambiguity Functions (1980)

In the sixth paper of this series, an approximation was used for certain correlation functions, but its justification was postponed. These correlation functions are investigated in more detail in the present paper. The theory of pulse-position and pulse-shape coding of radio signals is further advanced toward correlation and ambiguity functions with low or no sidelobes, and block diagrams of receivers are derived. It is shown how signals can be constructed that have a large average-to-peak power ratio of the radiated wave, and avoid at the same time large antenna currents. A class of signals and their receivers is derived whose ambiguity functions have theoretically no sidelobe in a selectable section of the range-Doppler domain. Such signals are ideal for the detection of low-flying aircraft and cruise missiles by means of an all-weather, look-down radar, the discrimination of radar decoys from an ICBM, and other uses calling for extreme resolution under any weather conditions.
「アドレナリン」反覆皮下注射ノ腸管運動ニ及ボス影響ニ就テ（第4編） (1940)

Nach eigenen Untersuchungen meinte der Verf. eine wiederholt vorgenommene subkutane Injektion von 0.1-0.3cc Adrenalin (1:1000) bei Kreislaufsschwäche, die infolge einer akuten Peritonitis eintrat, als eine zweckmässige Behandlung bestätigt zu haben. Aber es stellte sich heraus, dass diese Behandlungsweise nicht ganz einwandfrei war, weil das Adrenalin auf Darmbewegungen eine hemmende Wirkung ausübt und dabei die Darmparese, die bei einer akuten Peritonitis fast immer eintritt, beschleunigt. Darum hat der Verf. neuerdings bei Kaninchen die Wirkungen der wiederholt vorgenommenen subkutanen Adrenalininjektion mit verschiedener Dosis auf die Darmbewegungen und den Zusammenhang der Injektion mit den Darmtoniken, wie Atonin, Vagostigmin, ColiAntivirus u. dgl. festzustellen versucht.\nAn den Mittelbauch der Kaninchen hat der Verf. das Koiwaische Bauchfenster (8×11cm) angelegt, wodurch er unter beliebigen Bedingungen die Bewegungen des Dünnund Dickdarmes fein beobachten konnte. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen lassen sich folgendermassen zusammenfassen: 1) Adrenalininjektion von pro Kilo. 0.05-0.15cc: Nach 2 bis 6 maligen Injektionen stellte sich eine deutliche Hemmung der Darmbewegungen ein, die bis zum fast vollständigen Stillstand der Bewegungen voranschritt; diese hemmende Wirkung aber war nur vorübergehend und die Darmbewegungen kehrten nach 30-50 Minuten wieder. 2) Adrenalininjektion von pro Kilo. 0.005-0.025ce: Keine nennenswerten Wirkungen auf die Darmbewegungen konnten erkannt werden, auch nicht sogar nach 20-30 maligen Injektionen. 3) Für den Darm, der nach der Adrenalininjektion paretisch geworden war, wurde eine subkutane Injektion von 0.5cc Atonin resp. Vagostigmin vorgenommen. Nach 5-8 Minuten kehrten die Darmbewegungen rasch wieder. Dabei wurde festgestellt, dass das Atonin viel stärker wirkt als das Vagostigmin. 4) Nach der Vornahme der intraabdominalen Einspritzung von 5.0cc Coli-Antivirus wurde eine langsame Wiederkehr der Darmbewegungen beobachtet, die sich zuerst in dem Darmbezirk zeigte, der vorher ins Coli-Antivirus eingetaucht worden war. Aus diesen Ergebnissen kann man den Schluss ziehen, dass die Adrenalintherapietrotz der vorübergehenden Darmparese-für die Kreislaufsschwäche, die sich infolge einer akuten Peritonitis einstellt, im Vergleich mit den übrigen Therapien keine nachteilige Wirkungen aufzuweisen hat; wenn man sie in Verbindung mit dcr Antivirustherapie anwendet, so kann man einen befriedigenden Erfolg erzielen.
Direct measurements of edge diffraction from soft underwater acoustic panels (1994)

Direct measurements of edge diffraction arising from the interaction of an acoustic wave with an underwater panel that satisfies soft-body boundary conditions are reported. The measurements were obtained by utilizing a specially fabricated ‘‘airbox’’ sample, which is literally a ‘‘box of air,’’ fabricated using thin polycarbonate walls. The airbox theoretically would exhibit a typical insertion loss in excess of 60 dB (in the absence of edge diffraction), thus avoiding interference of the directly transmitted wave with the edge-diffracted wave of interest. The validity of the edge-diffraction measurements was established by demonstrating that the performance of a small sample panel fabricated from a closed-cell foam material can be deduced by adding (frequency-by-frequency) measurements obtained from an airbox to diffraction-free measurements obtained from a large sample of the same closed-cell foam. This procedure simulates (from direct experimental measurements) the combined edge-diffracted plus transmitted wave field that is present in the transmission region of the small sample. The results reported include the edge diffraction caused by the interaction of a spherically symmetric source with a soft sample panel and the edge diffraction caused by the interaction of an acoustic array with a soft sample panel. The frequency interval considered is 1–21 kHz.
RADIATION CHEMICAL EFFECTS OF X-RAYS ON LIQUIDS (2002)

This review describes some of the chemical changes induced by photoelectrons which are released in liquids when X-rays are absorbed. Both experimental studies and theory are discussed. In part 1, the basic processes occurring upon absorption of X-rays are described. Parts 2 and 3 deal with hydrocarbon liquids; in part 2 the ion yields, including effects at K-edges, and in part 3, the yields of excited states. Part 4 discusses chemical effects of X-rays in aqueous solutions. The authors end with a summary of future needs and directions.
Effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibition on renal circulation and excretory function in anaesthetized rats (2000)

The effects of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition (effected using L-NAME, 14 mg (kg body mass (BM))-1, administered intravenously) on systemic and renal circulation and renal excretory function has been investigated in anaesthetized Wistar rats subjected to one of two different degrees of isotonic extracellular (EC) volume expansion (40 and 60 ml kg-1 (240 min)-1). The administration of L-NAME resulted in an increase in mean arterial blood pressure and total peripheral vascular resistance (TPR), and a significant reduction in cardiac output (CO) and the kidney fraction of CO in both experimental groups. The total renal blood flow (RBF) dropped from 557 ± 43.4 to 149 ± 13.1 ml min-1 (100 g BM)-1 and from 592 ± 45.9 to 191 ± 16.3 ml min-1 (100 g BM)-1 in the 40 and 60 ml kg-1 (240 min)-1 experimental volume expansion groups, respectively. A redistribution of the intrarenal circulation from the medulla of the kidney toward the cortex may have occurred. The NOS inhibition induced a significant decrease in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR; from 1.18 ± 0.10 to 0.53 ± 0.08 ml min-1 (100 g BM)-1 and from 1.26 ± 0.07 to 0.73 ± 0.08 ml min-1 (100 g BM)-1 in the 40 and 60 ml kg-1 (240 min)-1 experimental volume expansion groups, respectively), and the filtration fraction increased. The urine excretion dropped in parallel with the GFR, while the reduction in sodium and potassium excretion was more marked than that of the GFR, raising the possibility of a direct effect on the kidney tubules. The difference in EC volume expansion (the calculated increases in the EC volume in the last 90 min were 1.30 and 5.44 % in the two time control groups and 3.66 and 7.45 % in the two L-NAME-treated groups) did not induce any significant modification of the L-NAME effect.
Service life determination of munition during expeditionary missions (2012)

For a more in-depth understanding of the aging processes of munitions in expeditionary operations, research is performed with respect to the influence of transport, storage and use on the safety of ammunition. Within this programme the influences of parameters like temperature, humidity, vibrations, shock and combinations of these conditions which most likely affect the aging or stability of ammunition and pyrotechnic materials, are investigated experimentally. In addition, the experimental results will be used as input for simulations. The results of this programme will allow TNO Defence, Security and Safety to advise the Dutch Armed Forces on the technical issues related to the safe use of ammunition in expeditionary operations. With ongoing expeditionary operations and known extreme conditions, it is a worthwhile exercise to compare realistic loadings (either temperature, humidity, vibrations or shock) with the test conditions of the original Type Classification programmes, since it is very likely that the ammunition is subjected to conditions exceeding those for which the ammunition has originally been tested/classified. In the first phase of the programme, relevant health monitoring parameters have been identified, some of which are of essential importance for the health monitoring of ammunition during expeditionary operations. Models will be used or developed which describe the influence of these parameters on the aging of munition that is subjected to these extreme conditions. For collecting all relevant information regarding the operational stress on ammunition, a number of 40 sensors (temperature, humidity and vibration) have been placed on the different vehicles in Afghanistan. These sensors will give valuable information regarding the real stress during the Expeditionary Operations. The programme will result in architecture for a decision sheet for safe use of munition by the Dutch Armed Forces during expeditionary operations.
Proton‐observed carbon‐edited NMR spectroscopy in strongly coupled second‐order spin systems (2006)

Proton-observed carbon-edited (POCE) NMR spectroscopy is commonly used to measure 13C labeling with higher sensitivity compared to direct 13C NMR spectroscopy, at the expense of spectral resolution. For weakly coupled first-order spin systems, the multiplet signal at a specific proton chemical shift in POCE spectra directly reflects 13C enrichment of the carbon attached to this proton. The present study demonstrates that this is not necessarily the case for strongly coupled second-order spin systems. In such cases NMR signals can be detected in the POCE spectra even at chemical shifts corresponding to protons bound to 12C. This effect is demonstrated theoretically with density matrix calculations and simulations, and experimentally with measured POCE spectra of [3-13C]glutamate.
Recognition of speech under stress and in noise (2005)

Speech recognizers trained in one condition but operating in a different condition degrade in performance. Typical of this situation is when the recognizer is trained under normal conditions but operated in a stressful and noisy environment as in military applications. This paper reports on recognition experiments conducted with a "simulated stress" data base using a baseline algorithm and its modifications. These algorithms perform acceptably well (1 % substitution rate) for a vocabulary of 105 words under normal conditions, but degrade by an order of magnitude under the "stress" conditions. The experiments also show that the speech production variation caused by noise exposure at the ear is far more deleterious than ambient acoustic noise with a noise cancelling microphone.