gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluidity/Viscosity of Biological Membranes (2018)

The current concept of biological membranes is a dynamic molecular assembly characterized by the coexistence of structures with highly restricted mobility and components having great rotational freedom. Microviscosity should be regarded as an operational term which was introduced for the application of classical hydrodynamic expressions to microscopic fluid regions, like the lipid bilayer of biological membranes. The first quantitative method for the determination of membrane fluidity in live cells on a single cell level was developed by M. Inbar. In addition, the effect of photobleaching is much less in flow cytometry than in spectrofluorimetry, since the cells reside in the laser beam only for microseconds. Application of the latest developments in experimental techniques for generating new data and their detailed and thorough analysis may result in better understanding of the correlation between membrane structure and dynamics and the metastasis. Cell differentiation and maturation entail a series of membrane events, which are modulated by the dynamic structure of the plasma membrane.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mechanistic Look at Some Methods of Metal‐Ion‐Catalyzed Chemical and Enzymic Isomerization of Free Sugars (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Local View's dissemination for a network wide optimization to improve QoS in ad hoc networks (2007)

Cross-layering is an innovative concept in ad hoc networks for efficient multimedia transmissions in terms of providing better QoS (Quality of Service) support over a capacity-limited wireless channel. Many cross-layer proposals are already developed. They diverge in the way the sharing cross-layer concept is implemented and the type of performance gain they recommend. We propose a new cross-layer architecture, called XLEngine, for protocol QoS extensions in ad hoc networks. XLEngine is characterized by its generic nature and by its ability to support network-wide optimizations. This means that every node can have an overview of the network-wide state. To achieve this network-wide view, we propose the Local View Management Scheme (LVMS).
Endothelin B receptor deficiency potentiates ET-1 and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (2001)

Endothelin (ET)-1 contributes to the regulation of pulmonary vascular tone by stimulation of the ET(A) and ET(B) receptors. Although activation of the ET(A) receptor causes vasoconstriction, stimulation of the ET(B) receptors can elicit either vasodilation or vasoconstriction. To examine the physiological role of the ET(B) receptor in the pulmonary circulation, we studied a genetic rat model of ET(B) receptor deficiency [transgenic(sl/sl)]. We hypothesized that deficiency of the ET(B) receptor would predispose the transgenic(sl/sl) rat lung circulation to enhanced pulmonary vasoconstriction. We found that the lungs of transgenic(sl/sl) rats are ET(B) deficient because they lack ET(B) mRNA in the pulmonary vasculature, have minimal ET(B) receptors as determined with an ET-1 radioligand binding assay, and lack ET-1-mediated pulmonary vasodilation. The transgenic(sl/sl) rats have higher basal pulmonary arterial pressure and vasopressor responses to brief hypoxia or ET-1 infusion. Plasma ET-1 levels are elevated and endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein content and nitric oxide production are diminished in the transgenic(sl/sl) rat lung. These findings suggest that the ET(B) receptor plays a major physiological role in modulating resting pulmonary vascular tone and reactivity to acute hypoxia. We speculate that impaired ET(B) receptor activity can contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension.
Pathophysiology of Cystic Fibrosis with Emphasis on Salivary Gland Involvement (1987)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a fatal autosomal recessive disorder which affects all exocrine glands, or perhaps all epithelial surfaces. The three organs most consistently affected are the eccrine sweat gland, which produces excessively salty sweat; the lung, in which chronic obstructive pulmonary disease invariably develops and is usually the cause of mortality; and the pancreas, which fails to produce adequate bicarbonate ion and water in nearly all patients, and produces inadequate digestive enzymes in most, giving rise to pancreatic insufficiency. However, the liver, reproductive tracts, intestine, sinuses, and salivary glands are also regularly affected. In the sweat gland and in the airways, passive chloride permeability is reduced, accounting for the salty sweat and probably contributing to the dehydrated mucus in the airways. In organs apart from the sweat gland, a common feature of the disease is the plugging of glandular acini and ductules by precipitated secretions. Salivary glands have been extensively studied in CF because of both the accessibility of the glands and their products, and the mix of mucous and serous components in the salivary glands. However, there is no unanimity in the results from parotid and submandibular glands. In the labial (mucous) glands, the sodium content of secreted product and in the secretory granules is markedly elevated, and histologically the acini are plugged with eosinophilic material. Functional studies of CF salivary glands have also yielded inconsistent data. Cultured cell systems combined with molecular biologic approaches offer promise in tracing the fundamental CF defect in salivary and other epithelial systems.
A new form of controlled growth free radical polymerization (1996)

Abstract A new form of controlled growth free radical polymerization leading to narrow polydispersity polymers and/or block copolymers is described. The process is based on the polymerization of monomers in the presence of macromonomers of general structure CH 2 =C(Z)CH 2 (A) n [(A) n = radical leaving group, Z = activating group] and displays many of the characteristics of living polymerizations. The process is most suited to methacrylic monomers but with the appropriate choice of reaction conditions (high temperatures and/or low conversions) it can also be applied to acrylic and styrenic monomers. The macromonomers are conveniently prepared by catalytic chain transfer to alkyl cobalt(III) complexes or by addition‐fragmentation chain transfer. The factors which determine the efficiency of cobalt complexes for molecular weight reduction in free radical emulsion and solution polymerization of methyl methacrylate are also discussed.
[A Case of Initially Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Curatively Resected after Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy with Gemcitabine]. (2020)

Carbon-ion radiotherapy with chemotherapy for LAPC may improve curative resection rate.
Canine distemper outbreak modeled in an animal shelter (2016)

Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious virus that can cause outbreaks, specifically in crowding situations, such as an animal shelter, in which a large number of susceptible dogs are brought together. Introduction of this virus into a shelter can have devastating effects, potentially resulting in shelter canine depopulation. Motivated by recent outbreaks in Tennessee, a mathematical model was constructed to find relevant factors that could assist in preventing or reducing outbreaks. A system of ordinary differential equations was derived to represent the spread of CDV through susceptible, exposed, infected and recovered (S–E–I–R) classes as well as a vaccinated (V) class. Our model was adapted to represent a local Knoxville shelter. The effects of various control methods, both preventative and corrective, on disease spread were investigated.
Rate of employment after liver transplantation in France (2015)

The rate of return to work after LT in France was 43.1%, which was higher than that reported in the US study. However, this rate remains low and policies supporting return to work are needed to help liver recipients who wish to work after LT.
Male‐Fertility Restoration in Crosses of R5 with Soft Red Winter Wheats<sup>1</sup> (1980)

The inheritance of male‐fertility restoration was studied in crosses of the spring wheat restorer germplasm line R5 with cms ‘Monon’ and cms ‘Redcoat’ soft red winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars with T. timopheevii Zhuk . cytoplasm. Two greenhouse cycles of F l 's, F 2 's, BC 1 's, along with the restored parent, and malesterile parents, were grown to provide two sets of data. Genetic hypotheses were postulated as expected ratios of fertile: semi‐sterile: sterile plants and data were tested for goodness of fit by chi‐square analyses. The BC 1 F 2 populations and F 3 populations were grown in the field to determine the proportion of families segregating for sterility. Results from the cms Monon/R5 crosses indicated the presence of two partially dominant complimentary restorer factors in the greenhouse and field environments. Complete fertility restoration was expressed only when both dominant factors were present to either the homozygous or heterozygous condition. Results from the cms Redcoat/R5 crosses suggested the presence of three dominant factors in the greenhouse environment, but segregation in the field environment suggested that only two factors were involved. The complete restoration of fertility of F 1 plants in the environments tested suggests that R5 is a valuable source of restorer factors for developing R‐lines for hybrid soft red winter wheats.
Neutrophil Receptor Response to Bacterial N‐formyl Peptides is Similar in Term Newborn Infants and Adults in Contrast to <scp>IL</scp>‐8 (2016)

We have previously observed that neutrophils from neonates exhibit different migratory responses to intermediate and end-target chemoattractants compared to adults. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the chemoattractants IL-8 (intermediate) and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP; end-target) on cell surface receptor expression involved in adhesion, migration and granule release of neutrophils from term newborn infants and adults. Heparinized cord blood from 16 healthy term newborn infants delivered by caesarean section and peripheral blood from 17 healthy adults were incubated with 1 μm IL-8 or 0.1 μm fMLP, previously defined as optimal inducers of neutrophil migration. The leukocytes were labelled with antibodies to cell surface receptors (CD11b, CD15S, CD18, CD35, CD44, CD64, CD65, CD88, CD162, CD181 and CD182). Receptor expression was quantified by flow cytometry analysis. Upregulation of CD11b and downregulation of CD88 and CD182 after stimulation with IL-8 were more pronounced in adults than in neonates (P < 0.05, P < 0.05 and P ≤ 0.001, respectively), whereas fMLP induced changes in receptor expression that were of the same magnitude in neutrophils from neonates as from adults. We observed similar expression of receptors that mediate adhesion, migration, granule activation and phagocytosis induced by fMLP in neutrophils from neonates and adults. In contrast, differences between neonates and adults, induced by IL-8, suggest that the neutrophil response to intermediate chemoattractants might lead to a compromised infectious response in newborn infants.
I/o-efficient data-intensive computing (2013)

There is a growing need for scalable, data-intensive processing platforms to analyze and filter large volumes of data. The effectiveness of these systems is measured by the quantity and quality of data that they can process in a reasonable amount of time; thus, these systems have very high I/O and storage requirements. 
Existing systems are very effective at scaling to large cluster sizes. Unfortunately, there exists a significant gap between the performance these systems provide and the underlying capacity of the hardware infrastructure on which they are deployed. 
In this dissertation, we endeavor to bridge this performance gap by focusing on efficient I/O as a first-class architectural concern. In particular, we present two systems, TritonSort and Themis. TritonSort is a high-performance large-scale sorting system capable of sorting 100TB of data on a modestly-sized cluster at about 82% of that cluster's peak hardware performance. Themis is a successor system to TritonSort that supports the popular MapReduce programming paradigm and can run a wide spectrum of MapReduce jobs at nearly the speed at which TritonSort can sort. We conclude with the implementation of a fault tolerance scheme for Themis that provides proportional fault tolerance without imposing additional rounds of I/O during common-case operation.
Differential reinforcing effects of cocaine and GBR-12909: biochemical evidence for divergent neuroadaptive changes in the mesolimbic dopaminergic system. (1996)

The dopamine (DA) transporter is thought to be the primary mediator of reinforcing effects of cocaine. In the present study, an intravenous drug self-administration procedure, in vitro autoradiography, and HPLC methods were used to investigate possible differences in reinforcing and neuroadaptive responses to cocaine versus GBR-12909, a selective inhibitor of the DA transporter with a postulated therapeutic use in cocaine abuse. Drug-naive rats readily acquired and subsequently maintained cocaine self-administration behavior during 2 hr daily sessions over a prolonged period. In contrast, although GBR-12909 was initially self-administered, both cocaine-naive and cocaine-trained rats failed to maintain self-administration behavior for GBR-12909 over prolonged periods of time. After self-administration responding decreased with GBR-12909, rats showed a delay of 6.6 +/- 1.3 sessions in reacquiring consistent cocaine self-administration. Moreover, when GBR-12909 was again substituted for cocaine, they failed to self-administer GBR-12909, even during the initial days of testing. In contrast, after extinction of self-administration responding by water substitution, rats readily self-administered both cocaine and GBR-12909. Cocaine self-administration upregulated DA transporters, whereas water-substituted cocaine withdrawal upregulated both DA transporters and D1 receptors. Unlike cocaine, GBR-12909 self-administration by itself altered neither DA transporters nor D1 or D2 receptors. Nevertheless, substitution of GBR-12909 for cocaine reversed the cocaine-induced upregulation of DA transporters and reduced DA and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid levels in the mesolimbic system. These data suggest that cocaine and GBR-12909 differentially affect dopaminergic systems and also cause different reinforcing and neuroadaptive effects. GBR-12909-like compounds may be useful pharmacotherapeutic agents for cocaine addiction. Upregulation of DA transporters and D1 receptors might play important roles in the neuroadaptive cascade that leads to cocaine addiction and withdrawal.
Reaction of<i>para</i>-hydroxybenzoic acid esters with singlet oxygen in the presence of glutathione produces glutathione conjugates of hydroquinone, potent inducers of oxidative stress (2006)

The determination and toxicological characterization of products of the reaction between p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters (parabens) and singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) are very important because of the frequent use of parabens in cosmetics and possible generation of (1)O(2) in the skin. We observed (1)O(2)-dependent production of mono-, di-, and tri-substituted glutathione (GSH) conjugates of hydroquinone (HQ) during visible light-irradiation of a mixture of methyl or ethyl paraben and GSH in the presence of rose bengal (RB). 1,4-Benzoquinone (BQ) and HQ were produced during the irradiation in the absence of GSH. While a mixture of BQ and GSH produced only mono-substituted conjugate, irradiation of the mixture with RB produced mono-, di-, and tri-substituted conjugates. These observations indicate that (1)O(2) is involved both in the production of BQ and HQ from parabens and in the formation of multi-substituted GSH conjugates from mono-substituted conjugate. Tri-substituted conjugate generated larger amounts of hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous solution than mono-substituted conjugates or HQ did. Detection of semiquinone radical suggests that the autoxidation of conjugates is related to the generation of hydrogen peroxide. The results obtained in this study indicate that parabens may induce oxidative stress in the skin after conversion to GSH conjugates of HQ by reacting with (1)O(2) and GSH.
Eating Our Own Cooking: Toward a More Rigorous Design Science of Research Methods (2012)

This paper argues that Design Science is an appropriate paradigm for research into Research Methods. Research Methods (along with their tools and techniques) are purposeful artefacts, designed and created by people to achieve a specific purpose – i.e. to create new, truthful knowledge. Like other artefacts, research methods vary in their fitness to purpose, i.e. in their utility, depending on their fit and appropriate application to the particular purpose, contexts, and contingencies for which they were developed. Design Science Research aims at developing new purposeful artefacts with evidence of their utility. Applying a DSR perspective to research methods should yield increased utility in the application of research methods, better guidance in applying them and greater confidence in achieving the desired outcomes of applying them. Based on these premises, this paper reviews the basic concerns and issues in Design Science Research (using the balanced scorecard as an example purposeful artefact), then analyses the logical consequences of taking a Design Science perspective on research methods (using the Partial Least Square approach as an example research method purposeful artefact). First, it analyses the various purposes of research methods to clarify the alternative and competing design goals of research methods. Second, it analyses and characterises the types of purposeful (design) artefacts that comprise research methods. Third, it considers issues of the evaluation of research methods. Fourth and finally, it considered the development of design theories of research methods.
Evaluation of the 5'spliced form of human cathepsin B mRNA in colorectal mucosa and tumors (1998)

International audience
Opportunities in Physics Education: Low-Cost Position Tracking for Use in Kinematics Labs (2018)

Traditional introductory physics kinematics laboratories utilized a few different instruments for locating objects in motion, all of which have shortcomings. Some provide only timing data, which heavily restricts trajectories and data collection. Some instruments provide more measurements but restrict object shapes, orientations, and textures. Still others require extensive pre-processing. None of these traditional instruments provide two- or three-dimensional position data. New, low-cost, local positioning technology, based on radio frequency wireless communications, is available that enables novel redesigns of physics laboratories. This technology provides two- and three-dimensional position measurements, continuously, at data rates of 10 Hz or faster, from any object to which it can be affixed. Our research group at Portland State University is exploring how this technology can be applied to reconstruct and improve introductory laboratories, making them easier to perform while increasing the amount of usable data gathered. Additionally, we seek to enhance model-based learning experience in labs by confronting students with more diverse models than traditionally encountered. For example, we are pursuing applications in free-fall experiments, aerodynamic friction, two-dimensional motion, two-dimensional collisions, tug-of-war competitions, as well as Astronomy applications such as retrograde motion.
Various cytosine/adenine permease homologues are involved in the toxicity of 5‐fluorocytosine in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2006)

5-Fluorocytosine (5-FC), a medically applied antifungal agent (Ancotil), is also active against the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 5-FC uptake in S. cerevisiae was considered to be mediated by the FCY2-encoded cytosine/adenine permease. By applying a highly sensitive assay, a low-level but dose-dependent toxicity of 5-FC in fcy2 mutants was detected, whereas cells deficient in the cytosine deaminase (encoded by FCY1), which is essential for intracellular conversion of 5-FC to 5-fluorouracil, display strong dose-independent resistance. Thus, an alternative, Fcy2-independent access pathway for 5-FC exists in S. cerevisiae. A genome-wide search for cytosine permease homologues identified two uncharacterized candidate genes, designated FCY21 and FCY22, both of which exhibit highest similarity to FCY2. Disruption of either FCY21 or FCY22 resulted in strains displaying low-level resistance, indicating the functional involvement of both gene products in 5-FC toxicity. When mutations in FCY21 or FCY22 were combined with the FCY2 disruption, both double mutants displayed stronger resistance when compared to the FCY2 mutant alone. Disruptions in all three permease genes consequently conferred the highest degree of resistance, not only towards 5-FC but also to the toxic adenine analogon 8-azaadenine. As residual 5-FC sensitivity was, however, even detectable in the fcy2 fcy21 fcy22 mutant, we analysed the relevance of other FCY2 homologues, i.e. TPN1, FUR4, DAL4, FUI1 and yOR071c, for 5-FC toxicity. Among these, Tpn1, Fur4 and the one encoded by yOR071c were found to contribute significantly to 5-FC toxicity, thus revealing alternative entry routes for 5-FC via other cytosine/adenine permease homologues.
Cumulant expansion approach to stimulated emission in semiconductor lasers (2000)

We present a simple model of absorption and gain spectra in highly excited semiconductor systems that incorporates interactions between electrons and holes. The scattering of the recombining electron-hole pair by charge fluctuations in the plasma is treated to infinite perturbation order by summing the corresponding cumulant series. We further show that the lowest cumulant in our expansion is simply related to the self-energy operator in the GW approximation. Our results therefore predict correctly the energy gap renormalization and the proper line shape of the emission spectra, including the exponential behavior of the spectral edge in the low-energy limit. Numerical results obtained within the plasmon pole approximation match experimental data in heterojunction lasers without adjustable parameters. Our procedure is sufficiently accurate and simple that it can be used in practical models of linear and nonlinear gain.
Magnetoresistance of Nanoscale Molecular Devices (2005)

Affecting the current through a molecular or nanoscale junction is usually done by a combination of bias and gate voltages. Magnetic fields are less studied because nanodevices can capture only low values of the magnetic flux. We review recent work done with the aim of finding the conditions for magnetic fields to significantly affect the conductance of such junctions. The basic idea is to create narrow tunneling resonances through a molecular ring-like structure that are highly sensitive to the magnetic field. We describe a computational method that allows us to examine atomistic models of such systems and discuss several specific examples of plausible systems, such as the quantum corral, carbon nanotubes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules. A unique property of the magnetic field, namely, its ability to split degenerate levels on the ring, is shown to allow prototypes of interesting new nanoscale devices, such as the three-terminal parallel logic gate.
Intraperitoneal Administration of Adenosine Inhibits Formation of Abdominal Adhesions (2004)

Peritoneal administration of 1 mM adenosine safely and effectively reduces adhesion formation.