gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical and explosives point detection through opaque containers using spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) (2011)

Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy (SORS) is a novel technique used to identify the chemical Raman signature of threat materials within a few seconds through common non-metallic containers, including those containers which may not yield to inspection by conventional backscatter Raman. In particular, some opaque plastic containers and coloured glass bottles can be difficult to analyze using conventional backscatter Raman because the signal from the contents is often overwhelmed by the much stronger Raman signal and/or fluorescence originating from the container itself. SORS overcomes these difficulties and generates clean Raman spectra from both the container and the contents with no prior knowledge of either. This is achieved by making two, or more, Raman measurements at various offsets between the collection and illumination areas, each containing different proportions of the fingerprint signals from the container and content materials. Using scaled subtraction, or multivariate statistical methods, the two orthogonal signals can be separated numerically, thereby providing a clean Raman spectrum of the contents without contamination from the container. Consequently, SORS promises to significantly improve threat detection capability and decrease the falsealarm rate compared with conventional Raman spectroscopy making it considerably more suitable as an alarm resolution methodology (e.g. at airports). In this paper, the technique and method are described and a study of offset value optimization is described illustrating the difference between one and two fixed spatial offsets. It is concluded that two fixed offsets yield an improvement in the SORS measurement which will help maximize the threat detection capability.
Vascular compliance in hypertension (1988)

Pulse contour analysis was used to determine systemic arterial vascular compliance in hypertensive (HT) and normotensive (NT) subjects. In seven hypertensives aged 43-58 yrs (mean age 52.1+or-5.5 yrs) and seven normotensives aged 33-59 yrs (mean age 43.7+or-9.9 yrs) both large artery (C1) and distal arterial (C2) compliance were determined from a peripheral arterial pressure waveform and cardiac output. Age differences were not statistically significant. Mean arterial pressure was 29% higher in HT (p<0.001). Cardiac output was 12% higher and heart rate was 6% lower in HT, but these differences were not significant. Systemic vascular resistance was 17% higher in HT (NS), while proximal and distal arterial compliance were 15% and 70% lower, respectively, in HT compared to NT. Only the difference in C2 was significant (p<0.02). Thus, distal vascular compliance may be a clinically useful parameter for evaluating hypertensive subjects before and during therapeutic intervention.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Correlation of Cks1 and p27<sup>kip1</sup> with tumor biologic aggressiveness and survival in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (2009)

e15549 Background: The biologic behavior of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) based upon morphologic parameters is unpredictable. Cyclin dependent kinase-1 (Cks1) plays an important role in the ubiquitination and proteolysis of p27 kip1 , a negative regulator of protein kinase Cdk2/cyclin E and Cdk2/cyclin A. This study was to ascertain whether Cks1 overexpression and p27 kip1 downregulation were predictive of biologic aggressiveness and overall survival in GIST. Methods: Tissue microarray was built from 61 patients with GIST. Pathology reports as well as clinical follow-up were retrieved. Sections were stained with antibodies to p27 kip1 and Cks1. Staining was scored for quantity of tumor cells (%) and intensity (0, 1+ weak staining, 2+ strong staining), and a score was calculated from the product of intensity and %. Tumors were evaluated for correlation of p27 kip1 and Cks1 expression level with overall survival time and tumor risk stratification. Tumor risk stratification was classified into very low risk, low risk, intermediate risk, and high risk, and is reflective of intrinsic biologic aggressiveness. Actuarial survival curves were estimated using Kaplan Meier method. Results: The tumors show a high frequency of Cks1 expression (92%; 1+, n=39; 2+, n=17). The % expression ranged from 0–90% (mean 37%). The p27 kip1 positive rate is 85% (1+, n=20; 2+, n=32). The % expression ranged from 0–90% (mean 48%). Overall survival ranged from 0.1–10.7 years. By univariate analysis of overall survival using Cox regression model, increased p27 kip1 expression (continuous variable) is significantly correlated with overall survival (p=0.04), but Cks1 expression does not (p=0.84). In a univariate analysis of p27 kip1 and Cks1 (continuous variables) with risk stratification of the tumor using F-test, higher tumor grade has significantly higher Cks1 expression values (p=0.0045). Conclusions: Our study shows that with univariate analysis high expression of Cks1 expression is significantly associated with increased intrinsic biologic aggressiveness, while high expression of p27 kip1 is associated with increased overall survival. The lack of correlation of Cks1 and p27 kip1 suggests additional p27 kip1 independent mechanisms might play a role in the oncogenesis of GIST. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Poly‐<i>α</i>‐amino acids as the simplest protein models: Recollections of a retired state president (1993)

My career in science went into self-imposed remission between 1973 and 1978, during my term of office as the fourth President of the State of Israel. In Israel the leadership expected of the President is moral rather than political; running the country is the problem of the Prime Minister and his cabinet. The reasons for my election probably had much to do with my long-time involvement in the various social, educational, and defense activities that eventually led to the establishment of the State of Israel and its rapid development thereafter. Even while pursuing my own scientific interests over the years, I had always felt a need to contribute to the country's development. In my view, the training and experience we receive as scientists equip and indeed obligate us to play a ten- ~ "
Real-time frequency-domain combined temperature and oxygen sensor using a single optical fiber (2002)

The combined excited state phosphorescence lifetimes of alexandrite and platinum tetraphenylporphyrin Pt(TPP) were used to remotely monitor temperature and oxygen concentration simultaneously using a single-optical-fiber probe. Temperature and oxygen concentration were successfully monitored in the physiological range from 15-45/spl deg/C and 0-50% O/sub 2/ with precisions of 0.24/spl deg/C and 0.15% O/sub 2/, and accuracies of 0.28/spl deg/C, 0.2% O/sub 2/. The dual-parameter sensor comprised a 500 /spl mu/m cubic alexandrite crystal bound to the distal end of a 750 /spl mu/m diameter plastic optical fiber core which was circumferentially coated with a 1 cm length of Pt(TPP). Sensor luminescence was excited using pulsed super bright blue LED light, and a frequency-domain representation of the time-domain phosphorescence decay was obtained by using fast Fourier transform algorithms. At least four log-spaced harmonic phases were averaged before decoding the two lifetimes of the temperature and oxygen phosphorescent sensors. A component of zero lifetime has introduced to account for the excitation backscatter leakage. Linear and second order empirical polynomials were employed to compute the temperatures and oxygen concentrations from the inverse lifetimes. The system drift was 0.24/spl deg/C for the temperature measurement and 0.59% for the oxygen concentration measurement over 30 hours of continuous operation. The instrumentation and methods allow for 6-s update times and 90-s full response times.
Dimethyl and methyl hydrogen sulfate in the atmosphere (1984)

A novel technique of using the sample tube penetration profile of trace reactive gases has been applied to the sampling and indirect identification of candidate species through their diffusion coefficients. Laboratory studies of trace dimethyl and methyl hydrogen sulfate flow and their deposition as sulfate to a nylon wall demonstrated that this system can be described theoretically by the modified Gormley-Kennedy equation. Atmospheric samples taken with the penetration sampler in Elkmont, Tennessee, Riverside, California, and Detroit, Michigan exhibited mass deposition spectra that correspond to those of dimethyl and methyl hydrogen sulfate. The profiles were used to estimate the apparent gaseous diffusion coefficient and ambient mass concentration. The estimated diffusion coefficients agree well with semi-empirical theoretical estimates from gas kinetic theory. The estimates of ambient mass of the trace sulfate gas equal or exceed the measurements of fine particulate sulfate; these two variables are not correlated.
Synthetic and Mechanistic Studies of Strained Heterocycle Opening Reactions Mediated by Zirconium(IV) Imido Complexes (2005)

The reactions of the bis(cyclopentadienyl)(tert-butylimido)zirconium complex (Cp(2)Zr=N-t-Bu)(THF) (1) with epoxides, aziridines, and episulfides were investigated. Heterocycles without accessible beta-hydrogens undergo insertion/protonation of the C-X bond to produce 1,2-amino alcohols (X = O) and 1,2-diamines (X = NR), whereas heterocycles with accessible beta-hydrogens undergo elimination/protonation to produce allylic alcohols (X = O) and allylic sulfides (X = S). Mechanistic investigations support a stepwise pathway with zwitterionic intermediates for the first reaction class and a concerted pathway for the second reaction class. Additionally, the feasibility of chirality transfer from the planar-chiral ebthi (ebthi = ethylenebis(tetrahydroindenyl)) ligand was demonstrated with a chiral analogue, (ebthi)-Zr=NAr(THF) (Ar = 2,6-dimethylphenyl), 2, through the diastereoselective ring opening of meso epoxides.
Strain identification in<i>Rhizobium trifolii</i>using DNA restriction analysis, plasmid DNA profiles and intrinsic antibiotic resistances (1985)

Indigenous strains of R. trifolii, originating from different geographical regions, were compared using total DNA restriction analysis, plasmid DNA profiles and intrinsic antibiotic resistance patterns. The results of strain relatedness using 2 of these techniques (DNA restriction and antibiotic resistance patterns) were similar, and indicated that these strains formed a heterogeneous group. A large variation in plasmid DNA profiles was observed among the R. trifolii isolates investigated, indicating heterogeneity of plasmid DNA pools. This variation occurred even in some strains that were shown to be related on the basis of their antibiotic resistance patterns. The application of these techniques to differentiate indigenous R. trifolii strains is discussed in this report.
Ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation of highly scattering materials using adaptive filtering and detection (1994)

Adaptive filtering and detection has been applied to the problem of detecting ultrasonic echo signals from test targets where the wanted signals are masked by coherent scattering from grain boundaries present in highly scattering materials. The filter is based on the normalized least mean square (LMS) error algorithm, and can be operated with either an independent reference signal or by using the delayed input signal as the reference. Tests made on a collection of 64 ultrasonic A-scans using the same processing parameters show that an up to 10 dB improvement in signal-to-noise ratio can typically be obtained. A cell-averaging constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detector is used to detect the signals automatically. The performance of the method is compared to that of split spectrum processing, both with and without polarity thresholding.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND X‐RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF 5,10‐DIBROMO‐NIDO‐DECABORANE(14) (1977)

Abstract Durch Bromierung von (I) in Schwefelkohlenstoff bei ‐78°C erhält man das Dibromdecaboran(l4) (III) in ca. 70%iger Ausbeute.
168: Neurodevelopmental outcomes of unrelated umbilical cord blood tansplantation for metachromatic leukodystrophy (2007)

Metachromatic leukodystrophy is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by arylsulfatase A deficiency (ARSA). ARSA prevents the breakdown of cerebroside 3-sulfatate. Sulfatides accumulate within lysosomes of myelin forming cells in the central and peripheral nervous system causing demyelination and progressive neurologic deterioration that leads to dementia, seizures, blindness, deafness and subsequent death. It has a wide variability in age of onset and disease severity. We hypothesized that transplantation of umbilical-cord blood from unrelated donors would positively alter clinical outcomes in patients affected with MLD who are minimally symptomatic. Fourteen patients with Metachromatic Leukodystrophy referred to Duke University Medical Center, underwent transplantation with umbilical cord blood from unrelated donors after myeloablative chemotherapy. Age at transplant ranged from 0.17 to 16.4 years with a median of 5.2 years. Engraftment, survival, neurophysiologic measures, and neurodevelopmental function were serially evaluated. Thirteen of 14 patients engrafted after initial transplant. One patient underwent a second transplant, with successful engraftment. Eight patients are surviving, 4 died of viral infections, 1 of respiratory failure and one of EBV lymphoma. BAERS and NCV became abnormal early in the disease course and continued to worsen after transplant. EEG and VEP were only abnormal later in the disease course. Transplantation of umbilical-cord blood from unrelated donors was beneficial to asymptomatic children. Mildly symptomatic children showed deterioration of motor skills, but maintained cognitive function at pre transplant level. Children with moderate to severe disease at the time of transplant showed no improvements in neurodevelopmental function. As in other leukodystrophies, early intervention is necessary for optimal outcome.
Hantavirus in Northern Short-tailed Shrew, United States (2007)

Phylogenetic analyses, based on partial medium- and large-segment sequences, support an ancient evolutionary origin of a genetically distinct hantavirus detected by reverse transcription-PCR in tissues of northern short-tailed shrews (Blarina brevicauda) captured in Minnesota in August 1998. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of hantaviruses harbored by shrews in the Americas.
Theoretical limits for the performance of two-center holographic recording (2002)

The detailed performance of two-center holographic recording is theoretically studied. We present here a systematic method for global optimization of two-center holographic recording, and apply the method to lithium niobate crystals doped with iron and manganese (LiNbO<sub>3</sub>:Fe:Mn). Both the dynamic range (M/#) and sensitivity (S) are considered, and the optimum design parameters for LiNbO<sub>3</sub>:Fe:Mn crystals are predicted. To perform optimization, we use both an analytic approach and a complete numerical approach. The light absorption in the crystal is also considered. We show that the optimum design parameters for maximizing the M/# are different from those for maximizing S.
Cardiovascular beneficial effects of a milk casein hydrolysate after long-term intake in SHR (2010)

Resumen del poster presentado al 32 Congreso de la Sociedad Espanola de Farmacologia celebrado en Leon (Espana) del 15 al 17 de septiembre de 2010 y organizado por la Sociedad Espanola de Farmacologia.
Towards Traceability across Sovereign, Distributed RFID Databases (2006)

Tracking and tracing individual items is a new and emerging trend in many industries. Driven by maturing technologies such as radio-frequency identification (RFID) and upcoming standards such as the electronic product code (EPC), a rapidly increasing number of enterprises are collecting vast amounts of tracking data. To enable traceability over the entire life-cycle of items data has to be shared across independent and possibly competing enterprises. The need to simultaneously compete and cooperate requires a traceability system design that allows companies to share their traceability data while maintaining complete sovereignty over what is shared and with whom. Based on an extensive study of traceability applications, we introduce the formal concept of traceability networks and highlight the technical challenges involved in sharing data in such a network. To address these challenges, we present an innovative combination of query processing techniques from P2P networks and distributed as well as parallel databases with confidentiality enforcement techniques
Rapid generation of maturationally synchronized human dendritic cells: contribution to the clinical efficacy of extracorporeal photochemotherapy (2010)

Extracorporeal photochemotherapy (ECP) is widely used to treat cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, graft-versus-host disease, and allografted organ rejection. Its clinical and experimental efficacy in cancer immunotherapy and autoreactive disorders suggests a novel mechanism. This study reveals that ECP induces a high percentage of processed monocytes to enter the antigen-presenting dendritic cell (DC) differentiation pathway, within a single day, without added cytokines, as determined by enhanced expression of relevant genes. The resulting DCs are capable of processing and presentation of exogenous and endogenous antigen and are largely maturationally synchronized, as assessed by the level of expression of costimulatory surface molecules. Principal component analysis of the ECP-induced monocyte transcriptome reveals that activation or suppression of more than 1100 genes produces a reproducible distinctive molecular signature, common to ECP-processed monocytes from normal subjects, and those from patients. Because ECP induces normal monocytes to enter the DC differentiation pathway, this phenomenon is independent of disease state. The efficiency with which ECP stimulates new functional DCs supports the possibility that these cells participate prominently in the clinical successes of the treatment. Appropriately modified by future advances, ECP may potentially offer a general source of therapeutic DCs.
The diabetic heart: a porcine model evaluated with positron emission tomography using 1-11C-palmitate and 3-11C-pyruvate. (1989)

The potential value of positron emission tomography (PET) in evaluating the myocardial energy metabolism was studied in two previously healthy mini-pigs before, during and after the induction of non-insulin dependent diabetes with alloxan. The distribution and kinetics of radioactivity derived from trace amounts of 11C-pyruvate and 1-11C-palmitate were followed in different sections of the myocardium. The early distribution of both tracers was similar even after the development of diabetes. The elimination of 11C-pyruvate derived radioactivity was slower in the diabetic heart. The rate of beta-oxidation was also decreased as suggested by the elimination curve of 11C-palmitate and the incorporation of 11C-palmitate into the triglyceride and phospholipid pool of the myocardium was increased in the diabetic animals. The results are consistent with previous observations using other techniques. Positron emission tomography offers the opportunity to characterize regional tissue metabolism quantitatively in vivo. This method may become a powerful tool in studying myocardial metabolism and the metabolic basis for the cardiac dysfunction in diabetes mellitus.
Aging of Rigid Polyurethane Foams: Thermal Conductivity of N2 and Cyclopentane Gas Mixtures (2005)

The thermal conductivity of three mixtures of nitrogen and cyclopentane is measured using a transient hot wire method, at temperatures between 315.14 and 395.89 K, and pressures up to 0.53 MPa. These mixtures are important in the evaluation of the evolution of the thermal insulation capacity of closed-cell polyurethane foams considering their aging during the respective applications’ total life time. The experimental thermal conductivity data are correlated with the Wassiljewa mixing rules as modified by Mason and Saxena, and predicted using extended corresponding states theory (ECST), with an average absolute deviation of 1.1 and 8.9%, respectively. The increase of the nitrogen fraction in cyclopentane-nitrogen mixtures leads to higher thermal conductivity values than has been predicted by ECST using only pure component thermal conductivity data for all measurements.
Loudness recalibration as a function of level (1999)

Recent research on loudness has focused on contextual effects on loudness, both assimilation and recalibration. The current experiments examined loudness recalibration [Marks, J. Exp. Psychol. 20, 382-396 (1994)]. In the first experiment, an adaptive tracking procedure was used to measure loudness recalibration as a function of standard- and recalibration-tone level. The standard-tone frequencies were 500 and 2500 Hz and the levels were 80-, 70-, 60-, and 40-dB SPL, and threshold. Seventeen dB of loudness recalibration was obtained (combined over both frequencies) in the 60-dB SPL condition. This amount of loudness recalibration, while substantial, is still less than that obtained by Marks (22 dB), using the method of paired comparisons. The second experiment sought to duplicate Marks' earlier experiment [Marks, J. Exp. Psychol. 20, 382-396 (1994), experiment 2]. The results of this experiment (21 dB) were almost identical to those obtained by Marks. The results of experiment 1 indicate that loudness recalibration is maximum when the recalibration tone is moderately louder than the subsequent standard tones. Relatively little loudness recalibration is exhibited when the standard-tone level equals the recalibration-tone level. In addition, there is no loudness recalibration at threshold. The tracking procedure also identified that the onset of loudness recalibration is very rapid. The difference between the maximum loudness recalibration obtained at each frequency (11 dB at 500 Hz, 6 dB at 2500 Hz) suggests that loudness recalibration is dependent upon the frequency of the standard tone.
An improvement on maximum entropy analysis of photon correlation spectroscopy data (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn improvement on maximum entropy analysis of photon correlation spectroscopy dataChangde Sun, Zhulun Wang, Guangwei Wu, and Benjamin ChuCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 3, 1114–1120Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00029a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00029a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views64Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts