gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The lateral‐flow sand‐filter system for septic‐tank effluent treatment (1994)

ABSTRACT: The lateral‐flow sand filter (LFSF) is an alternative system for household septic‐tank effluent treatment that utilizes periodic or continuous surface discharge. The purpose of this study was to document the LFSF system, evaluate its treatment capabilities in laboratory models, and optimize design parameters. Three 5.0‐meter‐long laboratory models, each with a different permeability sand fill, were dosed with septic‐tank effluent for six months. After an initial development period, percentage removals for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total organic carbon (TOC), suspended solids, and coliform bacteria from all the models were excellent. Orthophosphate initially was attenuated but showed increasing values after a few months. Recommendations are made as to a suitable permeability range of sand fills to use in the LFSF system, adequate depth of sand fill and overall system dimensions. Laboratory modeling shows that the LFSF system is capable of providing a high level of treatment to household wastewater and that it should be suitable as a remedial or alternative system for household wastewater disposal.
From Identification to Signatures via the Fiat-Shamir Transform: Minimizing Assumptions for Security and Forward-Security. (2002)

The Fiat-Shamir paradigm for transforming identification schemes into signature schemes has been popular since its introduction because it yields efficient signature schemes, and has been receiving renewed interest of late as the main tool in deriving forward-secure signature schemes. In this paper, minimal (meaning necessary and sufficient) conditions on the identification scheme to ensure security of the signature scheme in the random oracle model are determined, both in the usual and in the forward-secure cases. Specifically, it is shown that the signature scheme is secure (resp. forward-secure) against chosen-message attacks in the random oracle model if and only if the underlying identification scheme is secure (resp. forward-secure) against impersonation under passive (i.e., eavesdropping only) attacks, and has its commitments drawn at random from a large space. An extension is proven incorporating a random seed into the Fiat-Shamir transform so that the commitment space assumption may be removed.
Activation of Camptothecin Derivatives by Conjugation to Triple Helix-Forming Oligonucleotides (2005)

Topoisomerase I (topo I) is a ubiquitous DNA-cleaving enzyme and an important therapeutic target in cancer chemotherapy. Camptothecins (CPTs) reversibly trap topo I in covalent complex with DNA but exhibit limited sequence preference. The utilization of conjugates such as triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) to target a medicinal agent (like CPT) to a specific genetic sequence and orientation within the DNA has been accomplished successfully. In this study, different attachment points of the TFO to CPT (including positions 7, 9, 10, and 12) were investigated and our findings confirmed and extended previous conclusions. Interestingly, the conjugates induced specific DNA cleavage by topo I at the triplex site even when poorly active or inactive CPT derivatives were used. This suggests that the positioning of the drug in the cleavage complex by the sequence-specific DNA ligand is able to stabilize the ternary complex, even when important interactions between topo I and CPT are disrupted. Finally, certain TFO-CPT conjugates were able to induce sequence-specific DNA cleavage with the topo I mutants R364H and N722S that are resistant to camptothecin. The TFO-CPT conjugates are thus valuable tools to study the interactions involved in the formation of the ternary complex and also to enlarge the family of compounds that poison topo I. The fact that an inactive CPT analogue can act as a topo I poison when appropriately coupled to a TFO provides a new perspective at the level of drug design.
Total synthesis of velbanamine (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of velbanamineGeorge Buechi, Peter Kulsa, and Robert L. RosatiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 9, 2448–2449Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01011a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01011a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views365Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
IL-11 synergizes with IL-3 in promoting the recovery of the immune system after irradiation (1996)

In our previous studies aiming at the design of appropriate strategies to accelerate the recovery of the immune system after irradiation, we found that recombinant murine (rmu) IL-3 treatment induces differentiation and growth of thymocytes and splenic T and B lymphocytes in mice exposed to X-rays (200-500 cGy). These studies were extended to investigate the effects of recombinant human (rhu) IL-11. Results indicate that rhuIL-11 is able to restore thymus and spleen cell numbers as well as T and B cell mitotic responsiveness in mice exposed to 200 cGy but not to 300 cGy. However, recovery of thymus and spleen cell numbers and functions could be accelerated also in mice exposed to higher dose if rhuIL-11 was given with rmuIL-3. Recovery was complete as soon as 7 days after irradiation. A large dose of both cytokines was explored and the synergistic effect of the two cytokines was evident when a relatively small dose of rhuIL-11 was injected with graded doses of rmuIL-3. The recovery of the immune system in irradiated mice injected with these cytokines was independent from Bcl-2 expression, suggesting that elimination of damaged cells by apoptosis is unaffected by hematopoietic cytokines.
Obesity Genes and Gene–Environment–Behavior Interactions: Recommendations for a Way Forward (2008)

Obesity is a classical complex trait, influenced by both genetic and lifestyle factors. The number of obesity gene variants is currently unknown but, based on sound evolutionary principles, likely to be many, each with a modest effect on the phenotype. Recent advances in our knowledge of variation in the human genome and high throughput genotyping technologies have made possible genome-wide association (GWA) analysis and the identification of bona fide susceptibility genes for many complex diseases and phenotypes, including obesity and its comorbid conditions. GWA analysis in even larger numbers of individuals through collaborative efforts of many investigators will likely identify those polygenes of moderate and modest effect size that manifest in our typical environment. Once the subset of real-world-relevant obesity susceptibility variants is identified, follow-up studies, including detailed molecular analysis of the loci, stratified analyses, prospective and interventional studies in humans, and mechanistic studies in cells and animals will allow us to define the genetic architecture of the locus and dissect how these genes interact with specific environmental and other factors. The molecular and analytical tools to accomplish these goals are now in hand, but cooperation among investigators will be necessary to amass the requisite numbers of phenotyped and genotyped individuals. Identification of susceptibility genes for obesity and determining how they interact with each other and the environment will lead to new insights into the molecular, cellular, and physiological basis of energy homeostasis, and novel strategies for prevention and treatment.
Forced expression of Sox21 inhibits Sox2 and induces apoptosis in human glioma cells (2010)

Numerous studies support a role for Sox2 to keep stem cells and progenitor cells in an immature and proliferative state. Coexpression of Sox2 and GFAP has been found in regions of the adult brain where neural stem cells are present and in human glioma cells. In our study, we have investigated the roles of Sox2 and its counteracting partner Sox21 in human glioma cells. We show for the first time that Sox21 is expressed in both primary glioblastoma and in human glioma cell lines. We found that coexpression of Sox2, GFAP and Sox21 was mutually exclusive with expression of fibronectin. Our result suggests that glioma consists of at least two different cell populations: Sox2(+) /GFAP(+) /Sox21(+) /FN(-) and Sox2(-) /GFAP(-) /Sox21(-) /FN(+) . Reduction of Sox2 expression by using siRNA against Sox2 or by overexpressing Sox21 using a tetracycline-regulated expression system (Tet-on) caused decreased GFAP expression and a reduction in cell number due to induction of apoptosis. We suggest that Sox21 can negatively regulate Sox2 in glioma. Our findings imply that Sox2 and Sox21 may be interesting targets for the development of novel glioma therapy.
<title>A 1.4 Meter Fourier Transform Spectrometer For Astronomical Observations</title> (1979)

The observational capability and instrumental details of a Fourier spectrometer intended for moderate to very high resolution (20 cm<sup>-1</sup> to 0.005 cm<sup>-1</sup>) observations of astronomical sources in the visible and infrared (700-2800 cm<sup>-1</sup> i.e., 0.36μm to l4μm) are described and a few initial spectra are shown to illustrate performance achieved to date. The instrument is unusual in that it can be maintained by a moderate level of non-specialist technical support and does not require the observer to be an instrumentalist familiar with the details of the spectrometer.
Role of prostaglandins in intestinal epithelial restitution stimulated by growth factors (1996)

Mucosal integrity is reestablished after superficial injuries by a rapid resealing process, termed epithelial restitution, that is regulated by several growth factors and cytokines. Growth factors are also known to stimulate the synthesis of endogenous prostaglandins that mediate important functions in intestinal epithelial cells. Therefore, we examined the effect of endogenous eicosanoid production modulators, piroxicam, dexamethasone, and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) on intestinal epithelial restitution using two cultured cell wound-resealing models, IEC-6 and Caco-2 cells. Epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta, hepatocyte growth factor, and fetal calf serum (FCS) accelerated intestinal epithelial restitution, and piroxicam significantly suppressed these stimulatory effects. Dexamethasone mimicked the action of piroxicam. No additive effect of piroxicam and dexamethasone was observed. NDGA did not affect epithelial restitution. Piroxicam abolished the increase in 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha (PGF1 alpha) release induced by FCS. Furthermore, addition of a stable PGI2 analogue, OP-41483 [5(E)-6,9-deoxa-6,9-methylene-15-cyclopentyl-16,17,18,19,20-pen tanor-PGI2], reversed the slowing of epithelial restitution induced by piroxicam. These results suggest that endogenous prostaglandins play an important role in regulating intestinal epithelial restitution.
Drilling Down: The Gulf Oil Debacle and Our Energy Dilemma (2011)

For more than a century, oil has been the engine of growth for a society that delivers an unprecedented standard of living to many. We now take for granted that economic growth is good, necessary, and even inevitable, but also feel a sense of unease about the simultaneous growth of complexity in the processes and institutions that generate and manage that growth. As societies grow more complex through the bounty of cheap energy, they also confront problems that seem to increase in number and severity. In this era of fossil fuels, cheap energy and increasing complexity have been in a mutually-reinforcing spiral. The more energy we have and the more problems our societies confront, the more we grow complex and require still more energy. How did our demand for energy, our technological prowess, the resulting need for complex problem solving, and the end of easy oil conspire to make the Deepwater Horizon oil spill increasingly likely, if not inevitable? This book explains the real causal factors leading up to the worst environmental catastrophe in U.S. history, a disaster from which it will take decades to recover.
Detection of Acute Myocardial Infarction from serial ECG using multilayer support vector machine (2012)

Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) remains a leading cause of mortality in the United States. Finding accurate and cost effective solutions for AMI diagnosis in Emergency Departments (ED) is vital. Consecutive, or serial, ECGs, taken minutes apart, have the potential to improve detection of AMI in patients presented to ED with symptoms of chest pain. By transforming the ECG into 3 dimensions (3D), computing 3D ECG markers, and processing marker variations, as extracted from serial ECG, more information can be gleaned about cardiac electrical activity. We aimed at improving AMI diagnostic accuracy relative to that of expert cardiologists. We utilized support vector machines in a multilayer network, optimized via a genetic algorithm search. We report a mean sensitivity of 86.82%±4.23% and specificity of 91.05%±2.10% on randomized subsets from a master set of 201 patients. Serial ECG processing using the proposed algorithm shows promise in improving AMI diagnosis in Emergency Department settings.
New type of varactor diode having strongly nonlinear <i>C/V</i> characteristics (1977)

Experimental studies of a new type of varactor diode consisting of a semiconductor multilayer structure have been performed. It is shown that such a varactor diode has much stronger nonlinearity in capacitance variation with applied bias voltage than does the conventional varactor, which will enable efficient generation of millimetre waves by direct frequency multiplication of high order.
Low-frequency transmission of the chest in an outpatient population: implications for the AMBER imaging system (1990)

The human chest is a demanding object for conventional radiography. There is a large difference in X-ray lransmittance between the lung and the mediastinal areas. In order to create an image which can be judged in a single view one has resorted to high kVp exposures and the use of wide latitude receptors. In a study on an out-patient population the X-ray transmittance of the chest was measured. From these data a sample response for the AMBER imaging system is derived.
Different methods to synthesize sodalite, as a matrix for conditioning chloride spent salts from pyroprocesses (2008)

The pyrometallurgical processing of spent nuclear fuel generates a chloride salt waste containing alkali-metal, alkaline-earth, and some rare-earth fission products. Sodalite, a naturally occurring mineral containing chlorine, has been investigated as an immobilization matrix for this salt waste. To this end different routes for the synthesis of sodalite have been followed: on one hand, direct synthesis from kaolinite, metakaolinite, or from silica and sodium aluminate have been carried out; on the other hand, a synthesis from Zeolite 4A used for preliminary decontamination of the salt by ion-exchange has been performed. The former allows to condition the waste salt as a whole, whenever discarding an entire process salt batch becomes necessary; this is the case when an electrorefiner plant has to be decommissioned, or in the event of a severe process upset; the latter is more suitable for routine operations, which better require the clean-up of the salt and its recycle to the electrorefiner, thus avoiding the production of huge quantities of solidified wastes to be disposed of.
Mid‐term clinical outcomes of collagen‐phosphorylcholine cornea substitutes for therapeutic anterior lamellar keratoplasty (2016)

Purpose To assess safety and efficacy of biosynthetic collagen‐phosphorylcholine implants as corneal substitutes in patients with severe pathologies for whom human donor cornea transplantation carries a high risk of rejection. Methods Recombinant human collagen type III and 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl‐phosphorylcholine were fabricated into collagen‐MPC corneal substitutes (CMCS). CMCS were implanted into the corneas of 8 patients (3 Phase 0, 5 Phase 1 patients) by anterior lamellar keratoplasty (ALK). The pathologic areas were excised and replaced with CMCS grafts. Benchmark patients were grafted by conventional ALK and human amniotic membrane (HAM). Follow‐up ranged from 12 to 36 months. Results Pre‐operatively, CMCS patients had persistent ulcers or recurrent erosions from chemical or thermal burns, keratitis or failed penetrating grafts. All patients were relieved of pain and photophobia post‐operation. 7/8 CMCS grafted corneas epithelialized within 4–50 weeks leading to improved visual acuity in 4/8 patients. Neovascularisation developed in 2/8 patents. Ten patients with similar conditions grafted by conventional ALK took 2–12 weeks to epithelialize. Neovascularisation developed in 9/10 patients, and visual acuity improved in 3/10 patients. In HAM patients, corneas epithelialized within 2–3 weeks, neovascularization developed in 7/10 patients, vision improved in 4/10 patients. Conclusions These results suggest that CMCS are safe in patients. In addition, they appeared to withstand the adverse microenvironment within corneas with severe pathology, and restored corneal integrity in high risk keratoplasty patients. Further clinical testing is needed to verify these early results.
Diffraction control in periodically curved two-dimensional waveguide arrays (2007)

We study propagation of light beams in two-dimensional photonic lattices created by periodically curved waveguide arrays. We demonstrate that by designing the waveguide bending, one can control not only the strength and sign of the beam diffraction, but also to engineer the effective geometry and even dimensionality of the two-dimensional photonic lattice. We reveal that diffraction of different spectral components of polychromatic light can display completely different patterns in the same periodically modulated structure, e.g. one-dimensional, hexagonal, or rectangular. Our results suggest novel opportunities for efficient self-collimation, focusing, and reshaping of light beams in two-dimensional photonic structures.
ELECTROPHORESIS OF ANTIHORMONE SERA1 (1941)

ANTIHORMONES in animal sera are believed to be immune bodies of an unusual variety (1). This conclusion is based upon indirect evidence, chiefly their physiological actions, about which more is known than their chemical and physical characteristics. These substances appear to be contained in the pseudoglobulin fraction of sera, are thermolabile, and are precipitated from serum by 80% acetone or by half-saturation with sodium sulfate (1). Further observations on the physicochemical nature of the antihormones is offered in this communication, which reports the results of an electrophoretic study of gonadotropic antisera. To obtain the electrophoretic diagrams the sera were examined in a modified Tiselius apparatus which was equipped with the schlieren scanning device of Longsworth (2). In the present apparatus a slit 1 mm. in width was used (3, 4) in place of a single edge which in the scanning device moves vertically while the film at the same time moves horizontally
Arrayed Imaging Reflectometry for Rapid Label-free Clinical Diagnostics (2006)

We have developed a rapid label-free protein biosensor based on null laser reflectance principles. Our imaging technique is capable of identifying and quantifying protein targets in <100pg/mL concentration while measuring >500 arrayed detection spots simultaneously.
Resistance to fluconazole in<i>Candida albicans</i>from AIDS patients correlated with reduced intracellular accumulation of drug (1995)

Mucosal candidosis is an almost inevitable consequence of AIDS. Resistance to fluconazole therapy associated with enhanced tolerance, detectable in microbiological estimation of sensitivity, occurs in up to 10% of cases with late-stage AIDS. We report here our biochemical analysis of the basis of resistance in a study of two susceptible and two resistant isolates. Resistance was not associated with a change in the target enzyme sterol 14 alpha-demethylase, as indicated by equivalent levels of fluconazole inhibition of activity in extracts from all four isolates, or by mutations in sterol delta desaturase as previously observed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Ustilago maydis. Reduced cellular content of fluconazole in the resistant isolates of between six to ten-fold was observed which could account for their resistant phenotype.
ChemInform Abstract: GAMMA CONDENSATION OF AN ALLYLIC PHOSPHONIUM YLIDE (1974)

Abstract Aus dem Hydroxy‐butenester (Ia) erhält man über die Bromverbindung (Ib) die Phosphoniumsalze (Ic), deren isomere Formen diskutiert werden.
OMIC-03. TRANSLATIONAL CONTROL IN MYC AND MYCN MEDULLOBLASTOMA (2021)

Abstract Medulloblastoma has been extensively characterized at the genomic and transcriptional levels, but little is known about how alterations in translational control underlie tumor development. Myc and Mycn are often deregulated in medulloblastoma and play important roles in tumor initiation, maintenance and progression. Although both proteins have similar structures and are functionally redundant in hindbrain development, their amplification in cerebellar granule neural precursor cells leads to different medulloblastoma subtypes. In this project we are employing ribosome profiling on mouse medulloblastoma tumors generated from granule neural precursor cells with enforced expression of Myc or Mycn. Ribosome-protected mRNA sequencing allows us to quantitatively assess the specific transcripts regulated at the level of translation, identify translation regulatory sequences within the mammalian transcriptome, and understand genotype-to-phenotype processes. We discovered that Myc- and Mycn-driven tumors exhibit many more changes at the translational rather than at the transcriptional level. In particular, we found that Mycn-driven medulloblastoma upregulates the translation of Myc target genes, while mRNA levels of those genes show no difference between Myc- and Mycn-driven tumors. Furthermore, we find that the most significant translationally upregulated Myc target genes in the Mycn tumors are transcripts that encode ribosome biogenesis factors. We will further study the role of Myc and Mycn on translational regulation of the medulloblastoma transcriptome using our xenograft model of human iPSC-derived neuroepithelial stem cells overexpressing Myc or Mycn. Our goal is to understand the regulatory function of the translational landscape in Myc- and Mycn-driven medulloblastoma and to decipher the oncogenic signaling cascades leading to different medulloblastoma subtypes.