gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mutations and alternative splicing of the BRCA1 gene in UK breast/ovarian cancer families. (1997)

BRCA1 is a tumour suppressor gene located on chromosome band 17q21. It is estimated that mutations in the BRCA1 gene account for approximately 45% of the breast cancer families and almost all of the breast/ovarian cancer families. We have used single strand conformation polymorphism analysis, direct sequencing, allele specific oligonucleotide hybridisation, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to look for mutations in the BRCA1 gene in 49 breast or breast/ovarian cancer families. Five distinct mutations, three novel and two previously observed, were detected in seven families. Each novel mutation was identified in one family: 3896delT in exon 11, a splicing mutation in the intron 9-exon 10 junction, and an inferred regulatory mutation. The 185delAG in exon 2 was found in three families sharing the same haplotype, but this haplotype is different from that shared by the Ashkenazi Jewish families, suggesting that the 185delAG in our families may have arisen independently. Another previously reported mutation, the 3875del4 in exon 11, was identified in one family. Of the 49 families examined, linkage analyses for both the BRCA1 and the BRCA2 regions were performed on 33 families, and mutations in the BRCA1 gene were identified in all but one family that have a lod score above 0.8 for BRCA1. All of the mutations cause either a truncated BRCA1, or loss of a BRCA1 transcript, thus are likely to be functionally disruptive. In addition, we found that alternative splicing is a common phenomenon in the processing of the BRCA1 gene. Seven variant BRCA1 transcripts were identified by RT-PCR; all but one maintained the BRCA1 open reading frame. We believe that alternative splicing may play a significant role in modulating the physiological function of BRCA1.
CORROSION PROPERTIES OF THE SKIN AND BULK OF SEMISOLID PROCESSED AND HIGH PRESSURE DIE CAST AZ91 ALLOY (2005)

The corrosion properties of the skin and the bulk of semi-solid processed and high pressure die cast AZ91 alloy were studied in 5% NaCl solution by a) analyzing the corrosion morphology, b) measuring electrochemical polarization curves, c) performing electrochemical impedance spectroscopic measurements, and d) immersion tests at constant pH values. Using X-ray diffraction (XRD), light microscope (LM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) to evaluate the microstructure of skin and bulk specimens, the corrosion results were related to their respective microstructures of the particular alloys. However, microstructure and corrosion performance of the alloy were found to be similar for both production processes and only slight but distinct differences were found. Generally, the skin corrosion properties are inferior to those of the bulk with the exception of the high pressure die cast AZ91 alloy, where the finer microstructure of the skin layer exhibits a better performance as shown by impedance studies and confirmed in long term immersion tests.Les propriétés en corrosion de la peau et du centre de pièces moulées sous pression en phase semi-solide et en phase liquide de l'alliage AZ91 ont été étudiées dans une solution 5% NaCl : a) en analysant la morphologie de la corrosion, b) en mesurant les courbes de polarisation électrochimique, c) en effectuant des mesures spectroscopiques d’impédance électrochimique, et d) par des essais prolongés d’immersion à des valeurs constantes de pH. Utilisant la diffraction des rayons X (DRX), le microscope optique (MO), le microscope électronique à balayage (MEB) et les rayons X à dispersion d’énergie (XDE) pour évaluer la microstructure de la peau et du centre des échantillons, les résultats d'analyse de la corrosion ont été reliés à leur microstructure respective. Toutefois, il a été montré que la microstructure et les performances en corrosion de l'alliage étaient sensiblement similaires pour les deux procédés de production avec seulement de légères distinctions. Généralement, les propriétés en corrosion de la peau sont inférieures à celles du centre des pièces sauf que pour l’alliage AZ91 moulé à partir de l'état liquide, la microstructure plus fine de la couche superficielle des pièces exhibe une meilleure résistance à la corrosion, comme l’ont montré les études d’impédance et l'ont confirmé les essais prolongés d’immersion.
Interfacial electronic trap lifetimes studied by the photomodulation of second-harmonic generation processes (1993)

Second-harmonic generation and linear photomodulation are combined to study free-charge trapping mechanisms at ZnSe–GaAs(001) heterointerfaces. The variation of second-harmonic intensity as a function of charged-trap density at the buried junction is analyzed quantitatively and used with time-dependent measurements to determine interfacial charge-trap lifetimes.
Shared map for multiple teleoperated robot system with RSNP to perform a collaborative task : An exploration experiment by two mobile robots (2015)

We have proposed a control method of multiple teleoperated robots with robot service network protocol (RSNP). A shared map has been developed to perform a collaborative task efficiently. Owing to the map that shows the positions of robots and planned path, the operators controlled the robots efficiently in an exploration experiment. We describe the teleoperated robot system using a shared map.
Steroidal Sapogenins. XIV.<sup>1</sup> Δ<sup>4, 6</sup>-22-Isospirostadien-3β-Ol and Δ<sup>2, 4, 6</sup>-Isospirostatriene (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSteroidal Sapogenins. XIV.1 Δ4, 6-22-Isospirostadien-3β-Ol and Δ2, 4, 6-IsospirostatrieneJ. Romo, Howard J. Ringold, G. Rosenkranz, and Carl DjerassiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1951, 16, 12, 1873–1878Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1951https://doi.org/10.1021/jo50006a009Request reuse permissionsArticle Views62Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (440 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Heterogeneity of lipopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas aeruginosa: analysis of lipopolysaccharide chain length (1988)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from smooth strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 503, PAZ1, PAO1715, PAO1716, and Z61 was fractionated by gel filtration chromatography. LPS samples from the first four strains, all PAO1 derivatives, separated into three major size populations, whereas LPS from strain Z61, a Pac K799/WT mutant strain, separated into two size populations. When column fractions were applied to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels in their order of elution, molecules of decreasing size were resolved, and the ladder of molecules with different-length O antigens formed a diagonal across the gel. The LPS from the PAO1 derivatives contained two distinct sets of bands, distinguished on the gels as two sets of diagonals. The set of bands with the faster mobility, the B bands, was found in column fractions comprising the three major amino sugar-containing peaks. In the sample from strain 503, a fourth minor peak which contained B bands was resolved. The slower-moving set of bands, the A bands, were recovered in a minor peak. LPS from strain Z61 contained only one set of bands, with the higher-molecular-weight molecules eluting from the column in a volume similar to that of the B bands of the PAO1 strains. Analysis of the fractions of LPS from all strains indicated that less than 8% of the LPS molecules had a long, attached O antigen. Analysis of the peak that contained mainly A bands indicated a lack of reactive amino sugar and phosphate, although heptose and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid were detected. Reaction of isolated fractions with monoclonal antibody specific for the PAO1 O-antigen side chain indicated that only the B bands from the PAO1 strains were antigenically reactive. The bands from strain Z61 showed no reactivity. The data suggest that the A and B bands from the PAO1 strains are antigenically distinct. We propose that PAO1 strains synthesize two types of molecules that are antigenically different.
Development of Dry Powder Inhalers (2007)

Development of dry powder inhalers involves powder recrystallization, formulation, dispersion, delivery, and deposition of the therapeutic agent in different regions of the airways in prophylaxis/ treatment/ diagnosis of pulmonary and systemic disorders. Conventional powder production by crystallization and milling has many limitations resulting into development of alternative techniques to overcome the problems. In the last decade many patents have been filed claiming improvement in aerosol performance of dry powder inhalers through the use of (i) incorporation of fines of carrier particles to occupy active sites on the surface and use of hydrophobic carriers to facilitate deaggregation through reduced surface energy and particle interaction (ii) reducing aerodynamic diameters through particle engineering and incorporating drug into porous or low particle density, and/or (iii) preparing less cohesive and adhesive particles through corrugated surfaces, low bulk density, reduced surface energy and particle interaction and hydrophobic additives. Moisture within dry powder inhaler (DPI) products has also been shown to influence aerosol performance via capillary force and electrostatic interaction. Better understanding of particle forces and surface energy has been achieved by the use of sophisticated analytical techniques. Understanding the intricacies of particle shape and surface properties influencing specific lung deposition has been further facilitated by the availability of newer and advanced softwares. A critical review of recent patents claiming different approaches to improve lung deposition of dry powder inhalers will help in deciding the focus of the research in the area of technological gaps.
Optical design and intensity interferometry simulations in support of the Kilometer Space Telescope (2021)

Very large telescopes will be needed for the future of space science, space laser-com, and other interstellar or interplanetary applications. However, as telescopes' diameters increase, their weight and cost increase dramatically. An approximation for ground-based observatories is that their cost increases to the power of 2.7 of its diameter [SAO, Special Report #385 (1979), p. 9]. Large space-based telescopes become limited by the rocket size and power. Multiple telescopes are also needed for very long baseline interferometry (VLBI), which further increases cost. A solution to overcome these issues is the use of inflatable telescopes. A thin mirror material clearly has much lower mass; however, controlling its surface error or wavefront can be a challenge. Intensity interferometry is an imaging method that has a much looser sensitivity to wavefront error (WFE), and thus is an ideal match for very large inflatable telescopes. A spherical inflatable mirror is the most practical; however, it suffers from spherical aberration. This paper presents new optical designs and simulations for intensity interferometry in support of large inflatable spherical telescopes. The optical system design includes a novel five-mirror off-axis, free-form, spherical aberration corrector. The system design shown is a 10 m diameter f/1 spherical primary mirror with 1.2 arcmin (0.02°) field of view (FOV). MATLAB simulations of intensity interferometry combine signal with noise and WFE. Visibility-based VLBI image simulations are shown based on various telescope arrays. Simulations show that with a 1 GHz detector, a 1 cm RMS WFE is tolerable. So the challenge of the optical design is then more about gathering and concentrating the light down to a reasonable size detector. Further simulations of signal combined with noise indicate that the signal rate must be about 100 times higher than the noise rate for an adequate intensity interferometry measurement. Visibility-based image simulations reveal that many telescopes (5-20 per axis) are needed in a 2D array out to the first visibility minimum to adequately resolve unknown features of a distant object.
Nonlinear and Intermodulation Characteristics of Millimeter-Wave IMPATT Amplifiers (1976)

An analysis and experimental results of intermodulation distortion characteristics of millimeter-wave IMPATT amplifiers are presented. Design considerations for linear IMPATT amplifiers and tradeoffs between the small-signal gain and intermodulation distortion are discussed.
Isomeric difference in the crystalline-state chemiluminescence property of an adamantylideneadamantane 1,2-dioxetane with a phthalimide chromophore (2020)

Syn- and anti-isomers of an adamantylideneadamantane 1,2-dioxetane having a phthalimide side chain were prepared and investigated their crystalline-state chemiluminescence (CL) properties. The isomers showed contrastive CL properties depending on their crystal-structural characteristics, indicating that CL provides an attractive target for real-time monitoring of a chemical reaction in the crystal.
Acetylsalicylic acid compared with acetylsalicylic acid plus codeine as postoperative analgesics after removal of impacted mandibular third molars. (1985)

In a multicenter, double blind clinical trial a combination of acetylsalicylic acid 500 mg + codeine phosphate 30 mg has been compared with acetylsalicylic acid 500 mg as postoperative analgesics in patients with pain after surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. Evaluation of the results from 129 patients showed that the combination of acetylsalicylic acid and codeine provided better pain relief and also the number of tablets used was smaller and the time intervals between repeated doses were longer than with acetylsalicylic acid only. Adverse effects were few and similar for both drugs. It may be concluded that the combination of 500 mg acetylsalicylic acid and 30 mg codeine phosphate provides a useful analgesic for more severe pain conditions in oral surgery.
ChemInform Abstract: The Photosensitized Oxygenation of Furanoeremophilanes. Part 3. The Transformations to the Skeletally Isomeric Lactones from Furanofukinol. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Biocompatibility of Tungsten Disulfide Inorganic Nanotubes and Fullerene-Like Nanoparticles with Salivary Gland Cells (2014)

Impaired salivary gland (SG) function leading to oral diseases is relatively common with no adequate solution. Previously, tissue engineering of SG had been proposed to overcome this morbidity, however, not yet clinically available. Multiwall inorganic (tungsten disulfide [WS2]) nanotubes (INT-WS2) and fullerene-like nanoparticles (IF-WS2) have many potential medical applications. A yet unexplored venue application is their interaction with SG, and therefore, our aim was to test the biocompatibility of INT/IF-WS2 with the A5 and rat submandibular cells (RSC) SG cells. The cells were cultured and subjected after 1 day to different concentrations of INT-WS2 and were compared to control groups. Growth curves, trypan blue viability test, and carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) proliferation assay were obtained. Furthermore, cells morphology and interaction with the nanoparticles were observed by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results showed no significant differences in growth curves, proliferation kinetics, and viability between the groups compared. Moreover, no alterations were observed in the cell morphology. Interestingly, TEM images indicated that the nanoparticles are uptaken by the cells and accumulate in cytoplasmic vesicles. These results suggest promising future medical applications for these nanoparticles.
Dissolution and passivation of nickel. An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study (1977)

The presence and nature of surface species formed on a nickel electrode after polarisation in 0.5 mol dm–3 sulphuric acid and 0.5 mol dm–3 sulphuric acid + 0.005 mol dm–3 nickel sulphate has been investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The film produced in the active, prepassive, passive and transpassive regions was studied. Nine different species were detected including two sulphur species. In all cases the electrode was transferred to the spectrometer under nitrogen to minimise air oxidation of the metal or film.The binding energies and intensities of the photoelectron peaks were analysed and showed the presence of NiO and Ni(OH)2. The thickness of the film in the passive and transpassive regions was calculated, assuming a continuous layer, as 10–20 Å.
Knee Joint Kinetics in Relation to Commonly Prescribed Squat Loads and Depths (2012)

Controversy exists regarding the safety and performance benefits of performing the squat exercise to depths beyond 90° of knee flexion. Our aim was to compare the net peak external knee flexion moments (pEKFM) experienced over typical ranges of squat loads and depths. Sixteen recreationally trained men (n = 16; age, 22.7 ± 1.1 years; body mass, 85.4 ± 2.1 kg; height, 177.6 ± 0.96 cm; mean ± SEM) with no previous lower-limb surgeries or other orthopedic issues and at least 1 year of consistent resistance training experience while using the squat exercise performed single-repetition squat trials in a random order at squat depths of above parallel, parallel, and below parallel. Less than 1 week before testing, 1RM values were found for each squat depth. Subsequent testing required the subjects to perform squats at the 3 depths with 3 different loads: unloaded, 50% 1RM, and 85% 1RM (9 total trials). Force platform and kinematic data were collected to calculate pEKFM. To assess the differences among loads and depths, a 2-factor (load and depth) repeated measures analysis of variance with significance set at the p < 0.05 level was used. Squat 1RM significantly decreased 13.6% from the above-parallel to the parallel squat and another 3.6% from the parallel to the below-parallel squat (p < 0.05). Net peak external knee flexion moments significantly increased as both squat depth and load were increased (p ≤ 0.02). Slopes of pEKFM were greater from unloaded to 50% 1RM than when progressing from 50% to 85% 1RM (p < 0.001). The results suggest that typical decreases in squat loads used with increasing depths are not enough to offset increases in pEKFM.
Entropy-coded quantization of periodic nonuniform samples (2012)

We consider the quantization-noise amplification problem, in nonuniform sampling of bandlimited signals at Nyquist rate or higher. We first show that it is possible to avoid noise amplification in periodic nonuniform sampling, by oversampling (above Nyquist) by a factor of the period length. We prove that entropy-coded dithered quantization (ECDQ), with such periodic oversampling, can achieve the rate-distortion function (RDF) of a white Gaussian source. In the Nyquist (average) rate case, we show that while nonuniform sampling amplifies the reconstruction error, it lowers the ECDQ coding rate (though not enough to achieve the Gaussian RDF). We then show that if the ECDQ shapes the spectrum of the quantization noise via a feedback loop (which depends on the sampling pattern), then it can eliminate the noise amplification and achieve the Gaussian RDF.
Energy valuation methods for biofuels in South Florida: Introduction to life cycle assessment and emergy approaches (2013)

Here, recent changes in the United States requiring the use of ethanol in gasoline for most vehicular transportation have created discussion about important issues, such as shifting the use of certain plants from food production to energy supply, related federal subsidies, effects on soil, water and atmosphere resources, tradeoffs between food production and energy production, speculation about biofuels as a possible means for energy security, potential reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions or development and expansion of biofuels industry. A sustainable approach to biofuel production requires understanding inputs (i.e., energy required to carry out a process, both natural and anthropogenic) and outputs (i.e., energy produced by that process) and cover the entire process, as well as environmental considerations that can be overlooked in a more traditional approach. This publication gives an overview of two methods for evaluating energy transformations in biofuels production: (1) Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and (2) Emergy Assessment (EA). The LCA approach involves measurements affecting greenhouse gases (GHG), which can be linked to the energy considerations used in the EA. Although these two methods have their basis in energy or GHG evaluations, their approaches can lead to a reliable judgment regarding a biofuel process. Using these two methods can ensure that the energy components are well understood and can help to evaluate the economic environmental component of a biofuel process. In turn, using these two evaluative tools will allow for decisions about biofuel processes that favor sustainability
Prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children with cancer. (1994)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1994.12.7.1522 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 8068112 Prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children with cancer. C H PuixC H PuiSearch for articles by this author , W T HughesxW T HughesSearch for articles by this author , W E EvansxW E EvansSearch for articles by this author , W M CristxW M CristSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1994.12.7.1522 PDF "Prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children with cancer.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 12(7), pp. 1522–1523© 1994 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Probing gene activity in <i>Drosophila</i> embryos (1986)

The segmentation pattern of the Drosophila wild-type embryo is characterized by a number of easily identifiable cuticular structures. They include skeletal elements of the involuted head and ventral denticle belts that define by size, pattern and orientation the anterior part of the three thoracic and eight abdominal segments. Further landmarks such as sensory organs and the posterior tracheal endings (‘Filzkorper’), in combination with the denticle belts, allow one to un-equivocally determine the polarity and quality of each segment in preparations of the larval cuticle (see Fig. 1D).
ChemInform Abstract: The Triclinic Crystal Structure of Ag<sub>2</sub>Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>: Pseudo‐Symmetry and Twinning. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.