gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interaction with nucleic acids and stimulation of the viral DNA polymerase by the herpes simplex virus type 1 major DNA-binding protein (1984)

The interaction of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) major DNA-binding protein, infected-cell polypeptide 8 (ICP8), with nucleic acids has been examined by a filter-binding assay and electron microscopy. Filter-binding assays done over a broad pH range indicated that the optimum pH for the protein-DNA interaction is approximately 7.6. Heat inactivation studies showed that ICP8 is stable at temperatures up to 40 degrees C with a rapid loss of binding activity on incubation at 45 degrees C and above. Competition binding experiments have established the following relative affinities of ICP8 for the following nucleic acids: single-stranded HSV-1 DNA congruent to bacteriophage fd DNA greater than polyriboadenylate much greater than double-stranded HSV-1 DNA congruent to d(pCpT)5. Observation of negatively stained ICP8-single-stranded DNA complexes indicated that ICP8 binds along the length of the DNA in a regular repeating fashion. The average width of these complexes is 9.3 +/- 0.8 nms. Finally. Finally, addition of purified ICP8 to HSV-1 DNA polymerase reactions resulted in a stimulation of the viral polymerase activity.
Lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 is associated with risk of dementia (2005)

This is the first study to our knowledge that shows that Lp-PLA2 is associated with the risk of dementia independent of cardiovascular and inflammatory factors and provides evidence for a potential role of Lp-PLA2 in identifying subjects at risk for dementia.
Correlation between quadratic magnetic field induced circular birefringence and the natural optical activity of chiral media (1999)

There is a correlation between the natural and the quadratic magnetic field induced circular birefringence of chiral molecules. The circular birefringence created by a chiral molecule is a superposition of the natural and B, B 2, B 3, magnetic field induced rotations of the optical polarization plane of the light beam passing through the chiral medium. The B and B 3 dependent rotations are the linear and nonlinear Faraday effects while, as experimentally observed, the B 2 dependent rotation is clockwise for dextrorotatory enantiomers (+) and counterclockwise for laevorotatory enantiomers (-). The natural and B, B 2, B 3 induced rotations given by a single chiral molecule analysed neat and in water solution are discussed.
Intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions with thiocarbonyl ylides (1986)

anhydro-2-(2-Allyloxyphenyl)-3,5-diphenyl-4-hydroxythiazolium hydroxide and related alkenic systems, together with the corresponding prop-2-ynyloxy and cyanomethyloxy derivatives, undergo ready thermal intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions giving stable 1 : 1-cycloadducts, substituted 4H-thieno[3,2-c]-, and 4H-thiazolo[4,5-c]-chromenes, respectively; the structure of one of these has been determined by X-ray crystallography.
Production of <scp>CO</scp><sub>2</sub>‐free hydrogen from methane dissociation: A review (2013)

Thermocatalytic dissociation of methane is a promising route to produce CO 2 ‐free hydrogen and pure carbon. In this article, comparisons are made between thermocatalytic dissociation and steam reforming of methane, which currently is the dominant process for producing hydrogen. Use of catalysts offers great potential to achieve thermal dissociation of methane at moderate temperatures. Development and use of both metal‐based and carbon‐based catalysts are summarized, and three types of reactors used for thermocatalytic dissociation of methane are described. Significant CO 2 emissions result from production of process heat and catalystregeneration. However, these emissions can be greatly reduced by use of new, robust, and high‐performance catalysts combined with innovative reactors and processes. Economic assessments are presented to confirm the feasibility of thermocatalytic dissociation technology for large‐scale production of hydrogen. Such an approach offers a possible route to a fossil‐based “H 2 ‐C” infrastructure, whereby bothhydrogen and carbon are used in high‐value applications. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 33: 213–219, 2014
Neuronal network analysis of serum electrophoresis. (1992)

Neuronal networks could be useful for certain medical uses. Unlike rule based systems, neuronal networks do not have to be programmed but have the capacity to "learn" quickly.
The USA Federal Debt-to-GDP Ratio and The Unified Budget Act’s Lack of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (2021)

Here in the beginning of 2021, two of the truly relevant federal public finance issues are presented in this article. One is the Debt-to GDP Ratio. The second topic is the true nature of deficits, surpluses and future liabilities treated in budgets constructed via the Unified Budget Act. Two graphs on these issues are included. This article shows that the present Debt-to-GDP ratio is relatively high, as if the nation similar to when the United States was in a period of a major war. This graph is shown in this article’s Figure 1. There has been evidence in the macroeconomic literature that indicates a high Debt-to-GDP ratio can possibly result in some degree of slowed economic growth. Though the literature is varied on that point. The reason for the possible crowding out effect has to do with the competition for loanable funds. There is competition from both the public and private demanders of those loanable funds. Furthermore, there is the reality that all federal trust fund balances of the United States must be used to hold U.S. Treasury bonds. For figure 2, two categories on U.S trust funds are shown. One category is the combined total of Social Security. Medicare, Disability and related funds. This is shown in a red line. All the other federal trust funds are indicated in a blue line. There is a graph that shows these two lines. The graph is of the percentage share between the two categories. As a result, the red and blue lines are inverse functions of each other. Over the eighty-year period (1940-2020), there has been variation if both the red and blue lines. The goal of this articles is for leaders and government analysts to be more aware of the issues of the USA Federal Debt to GDP Ratio and the Unified Budget Act’s lack of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.
Seismic Performance Assessment of Steel Frames Upgraded with Self-Centering Viscous Dampers (2015)

This study aims to evaluate the seismic performance of steel frames upgraded with shape memory alloy (SMA)-based self-centering viscous dampers. The proposed Superelastic Viscous Damper (SVD) relies on SMA elements for re-centering capability and employs viscoelastic (VE) damper that consists of two layers of a high damped (HD) blended butyl elastomer compound to augment its energy dissipation capacity. First, experimental tests are conducted to characterize behavior of SMA elements and VE damper and to assess the influence of various parameters such as displacement amplitude and loading frequency on their mechanical response. A prototype of the SVD is designed and fabricated. Then, an analytical model of a four-story steel special moment frame building with the installed SVDs is developed to determine the dynamic response of the structure. The incremental dynamic analysis is used to evaluate the behavior of controlled and uncontrolled buildings under 18 different ground motion records. The analytical results indicate that the buildings upgraded with the proposed passive control device effectively mitigate the peak interstory drifts and residual story drifts.
Resuscitation with polymerized human placenta hemoglobin attenuated hemorrhagic shock-induced lung injury (2012)

This study was designed to investigate whether polymerized human placenta hemoglobin (PolyPHb) attenuated hemorrhagic shock-induced lung injury. A mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 30mmHg was maintained for 60 min. Then, all the rats were randomly resuscitated with hetastarch, whole blood, or PolyPHb. The result indicated that PolyPHb greatly improved the MAP and pulmonary function, and significantly reduced the release of inflammatory cytokines, histopathological changes, and pulmonary edema. Therefore, our findings suggest that PolyPHb could reduce pulmonary injury after hemorrhagic shock, and this effect was probably associated with the depressed inflammatory response.
The origin of ultra high energy cosmic rays: where we are now and what the future holds (2001)

The observational picture for cosmic rays above 10(19) eV is described and the enigma that these results pose is discussed. The existence of particles above 10(20) eV may have an impact on our understanding of magnetic fields in intergalactic space and in possible sources.
Integration of diverse physical-property models: Subsurface zonation and petrophysical parameter estimation based on fuzzy <i>c</i> -means cluster analyses (2006)

Abstract Inversions of an individual geophysical data set can be highly nonunique, and it is generally difficult to determine petrophysical parameters from geophysical data. We show that both issues can be addressed by adopting a statistical multiparameter approach that requires the acquisition, processing, and separate inversion of two or more types of geophysical data. To combine information contained in the physical-property models that result from inverting the individual data sets and to estimate the spatial distribution of petrophysical parameters in regions where they are known at only a few locations, we demonstrate the potential of the fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering technique. After testing this new approach on synthetic data, we apply it to limited crosshole georadar, crosshole seismic, gamma-log, and slug-test data acquired within a shallow alluvial aquifer. The derived multiparameter model effectively outlines the major sedimentary units observed in numerous boreholes and provides plausible estimates for the spatial distributions of gamma-ray emitters and hydraulic conductivity.
3 V Vπ GaAs/AlGaAs Substrate Removed Nanowire Mach-Zehnder Intensity Modulators (2007)

Mach-Zehnder intensity modulators with 0.3V Vπ were realized using substrate removed GaAs/AlGaAs nanowires. The modulator electrode is 7 mm long. The modulation is due to linear electro-optic and carrier depletion effects and has high speed potential.
Design of a Linked Data-enabled Microservice Platform for the Industrial Internet of Things (2016)

Während der aktuelle Trend in Richtung hochgradig digitalisierter Smart Factories für die Fertigungsindustrie beträchtliches Potential zur Steigerung von Leistungsfähigkeit, Flexibilität und Produktivität birgt, tun sich Unternehmen im Allgemeinen noch immer schwer, entsprechende Technologie einzuführen. Ein Kernproblem ist der Mangel an einheitlichen, standardisierten Lösungen, die auf dem Hallenboden ohne spezifisches Expertenwissen und einen hohen Zeit- und Kostenaufwand integriert werden können. Im Hinblick darauf präsentiert diese Arbeit sowohl Architektur, als auch konkrete Implementierung einer Internet of Things Softwareplattform mit Fokus auf technologische Einheitlichkeit und unkomplizierte Integration und Benutzung. Als Richtlinie hierfür wird in Kooperation mit Industriepartnern ein praxisnaher Anwendungsfall erarbeitet. DesWeiteren wird präsentiert, wie universelleWebtechnologie gewinnbringend mit neusten Software-Design Trends, mächtigen Techniken der Maschine-zu-Maschine Interaktion und allgemein verständlichen Konzepten im Bereich User Experience kombiniert werden kann. Dabei wird ausführlich auf Struktur der Software, Möglichkeiten zur Echtzeitkommunikation und Machine-zu-Maschine Interaktion, sowie auf einheitliche Datenintegration und Benutzerfreundlichkeit eingegangen. Am Ende des Prozesses steht eine fertige Softwarelösung als Proof-of-Concept, sowie eine Sammlung von Vorschlägen und Best Practices zur Integration von smarter Technologie auf dem Hallenboden. In einer abschließenden Evaluierung wird die Leistungsfähigkeit und Tauglichkeit der Softwareplattform für bestimmte praktische Anwendungsfälle untersucht. Zudem werden abschließend noch offene Fragen und weiterhin benötigte Entwicklungsschritte bis hin zu einem fertigen Produkt aufgezeigt.
Theoretical optimization of EBS targets (1974)

The analysis of the external circuit response and internal behavior of an electron-bombarded semiconductor diode (EBS target) has been extended using static and dynamic computer simulation techniques. This work complements the previous simplest case analytical treatment of target operation and makes possible the accurate evaluation of high-level target response with any or all of the following effects: arbitrary input current waveform; arbitrary pair-creation profile corresponding to arbitrary values of incident electron energy and drift-region width; operation where both electrons and holes contribute significantly to the target current; electric-field-dependent carrier drift velocities; arbitrary profile of drift-region doping; and effects due to carrier diffusion and recombination. Operation of the computer programs is briefly described for the static and time-dependent cases. Output waveforms and time-varying internaI electric field profiles are shown for two representative cases that violate the assumptions of the simplest case analytical treatment. The first target design shows that 500 A of output current can be switched into a 0.5-Ω load with 0.5-ns risetime. The second target design illustrates the effects that occur when the beam-generated electron-hole pair creation extends completely across the drift region. The analysis of this target also shows that current pulses of 30 A can be switched with a 40-ps risetime into a 1.4-Ω load. A comparison with experimental results shows good agreement under static and dynamic conditions.
Linear control of inverter output voltage in overmodulation (1997)

A novel overmodulation strategy for space-vector pulsewidth modulated (PWM) inverters is proposed. The method, which increases the range of linear control of the output voltage by 10%, is based on Fourier series representation of the reference voltage.
Distribution of mucus producing elements in the respiratory tract. Differences between upper and lower airway. (1983)

Based on quantitative studies of glands and goblet cells in the nose, sinuses, trachea and bronchi a short survey on distribution of mucus producing elements is presented and the density of glands and goblet cells compared between upper and lower respiratory pathways. The gland density is highest in the nose 8.3 glands/mm2 low in the trachea, bronchi and nasopharynx, but the gland mass per gland is 3-4 times larger in these regions than in the nose. In the paranasal sinuses the gland density is extremely low and the mucus producing capacity almost negligible. In the nose the goblet cell density is highest in the inferior turbinate, lowest in nasal septum.
Salas Barbadillo's <i>Don Diego de Noche</i> (1949)

Alonso Gerónimo de Salas Barbadillo, keen wit and talented writer, began his literary career in the early years of the seventeenth century and pursued it until his death in 1635. Personal friend of Cervantes and Lope de Vega, he was an esteemed associate of the many writers residing in Madrid. Staunchly individualistic, he was at the same time very much a part of his social and literary milieu. Posterity relegates him to the lesser ranks of those who wrought creatively in the seventeenth century; nevertheless, he has been receiving his due increasingly in the last half-century in studies and editions.
Hierarchical ensemble learning for multimedia categorization and autoannotation (2005)

This paper presents a hierarchical ensemble learning method applied in the context of multimedia autoannotation. In contrast to the standard multiple-category classification setting that assumes independent, non-overlapping and exhaustive set of categories, the proposed approach models explicitly the hierarchical relationships among target classes and estimates their relevance to a query as a trade-off between the goodness of fit to a given category description and its inherent uncertainty. The promising results of the empirical evaluation confirm the viability of the proposed approach, validated in comparison to several techniques of ensemble learning, as well as with different type of baseline classifiers
Optimizing multi-graph learning (2007)

Learning based semantic video annotation is a promising approach for enabling content-based video search. However, severe difficulties, such as insufficiency of training data and curse of dimensionality, are frequently encountered. This paper proposes a novel unified scheme, Optimized Multi-Graph-based Semi-Supervised Learning (OMG-SSL), to simultaneously attack these difficulties. Instead of only using a single graph, OMG-SSL integrates multiple graphs into a regularization and optimization framework to sufficiently explore their complementary nature. We then show that various crucial factors in video annotation, including multiple modalities, multiple distance metrics, and temporal consistency, in fact all correspond to different correlations among samples, and hence they can be represented by different graphs. Therefore, OMG-SSL is able to simultaneously deal with these factors within a unified framework. Experiments on the TRECVID benchmark demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.
High-Level Overproduction of His-Tagged <i>Tth</i> DNA Polymerase in <i>Thermus thermophilus</i> (2005)

A new plasmid for the overexpression of His-tagged thermozymes in Thermus thermophilus was developed. With this plasmid, soluble and active histidine-tagged DNA polymerase from T. thermophilus was overproduced in larger amounts in the thermophile than in Escherichia coli. The protein purified from the thermophile was active in PCR.
Selective Saturation NMR Imaging (1984)

The application of selective saturation (or solvent suppression) techniques in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging offers the opportunity to significantly expand the range of NMR studies. Data acquired at 1.44 T are presented using a two-dimensional spin-echo sequence preceded by a selective (saturating) radiofrequency pulse. Individual water or lipid proton resonances were eliminated (greater than 90% reduction in signal intensity) resulting in images of H2O or -CH2- distribution with resolution and imaging time equivalent to conventional proton images. Data are also presented demonstrating the feasibility of using selective saturation to image proton metabolites at low concentrations with a three-dimensional chemical shift imaging approach. Lactate was investigated because of its importance in the pathophysiology of ischemic insult. Phantom studies without solvent suppression failed to detect lactate at 80 mM; however, with solvent suppression, lactate at 40 mM was imaged in a reasonable time (approximately 50 min). With the favorable NMR characteristics of the methyl protons of lactate and with improvements in imaging systems, this technique may play an important role in the noninvasive evaluation of tissue ischemia using 1H NMR.
[Metabolic transformation of (-)-clausenamide in rat liver microsomes]. (1998)

The metabolic transformation of (-)-clausenamide, isolated from the leaves of Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels, was studied in vitro with phenobarbital-induced rat liver microsomal incubate containing the NADPH-generating system. The constitution of the incubation system was optimized and a RP-HPLC-DAD method was developed for the on-line analysis of (-)-clausenamide and its metabolites. The major metabolites were isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, preparative TLC and HPLC and their structures were determined as 6-OH clausenamide (CM1) and 5-OH clausenamide (CM2) by 1HNMR and MS.
Immunoglobulin subclass levels in patients with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (2008)

Allergy/atopy has been suggested to protect against non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and specific IgE levels are decreased in patients with NHL. We speculated that all immunoglobulin subclass levels might be downregulated in NHL and examined levels of IgM, IgD, IgA, IgE, IgG and IgG(4) in 200 NHL patients and 200 age- and sex-matched controls. Patients with B-cell NHL of many types had consistently lower median immunoglobulin subclass levels than controls. In every subclass except IgD, about 10-15% of B-cell NHL patients had absolute levels below the 2.5 percentile of controls. Subclass levels correlated with each other and many patients had more than one significantly low level. Levels were lowest for IgG(4) and IgE. Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma had especially low total IgE levels. In other B-cell NHL types, total IgE levels were decreased to a similar extent as other immunoglobulin subclasses. In conclusion, low IgE levels are only part of a more generalized loss of immunoglobulins of all subtypes in a wide variety of B-cell NHL types. Low immunoglobulin levels appear to be a consequence of B-cell NHL presence, and we speculate about molecular mechanisms that could reduce all immunoglobulin subclasses in B-cell NHL.
Factors Affecting Susceptibility of Calves to Disease (1980)

Enteric and respiratory disorders are the main hazards to successful calf rearing. The many interrelated factors in the etiology of these disorders are reviewed, and an attempt has been to classify the factors into those of a microbiological, immunological, nutritional, genetic, physical, or psychological nature. No one would dispute that enteric and respiratory disorders are the two main hazards to calf health, but many would argue about the relative importance of specific pathogens and other predisposing factors in the etiology of these disorders.
Immobilization of papain on epoxy-polymers for papain-catalyzed peptide synthesis. (1991)

In this paper we describe the immobilization of papain on two commercially available carriers, VA Biosynth and Eupergit C, both in their epoxidized form. Papain can be immobilized on both polymers and shows high activity. The stability (lyophilization, storage) of the papain-VA Biosynth is very good. Even after prolonged storage (-20 degrees C) it can be reactivated to its full activity.
Microwave antennas derived from the cassegrain telescope (1961)

A microwave antenna can be designed in the form of two reflecting dishes and a feed, based on the principle of the Cassegrain optical telescope. There are a variety of shapes and sizes available, all described by the same set of equations. The essential performance of a Cassegrain double-reflector system may be easily analyzed by means of the equivalent-parabola single-reflector concept. Techniques are available for reducing the aperture blocking by the sub dish of the Cassegraln system: one method minimizes the blocking by optimizing the geometry of the feed and sub dish; other methods avoid the blocking by means of polarization-twisting schemes. The former method yields good performance in a simple Cassegrain antenna when the beamwidth is about <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1\deg</tex> or less. The latter methods are available for any application not requiring polarization diversity, and an optimized set of polarization-operative surfaces has been developed for these twisting Cassegrain antennas. Experimental results, presented for practical antennas of both types, illustrate the feasibility of these principles. A number of unusual benefits have been obtained in the various Cassegrain antenna designs, and additional interesting features remain to be exploited.