gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new Bonner-sphere set for high energy neutron measurements: Monte Carlo simulation (1994)

The usual Bonner sphere set consists of six to eight high density polyethylene spheres with diameters varying from 3 to 12 inches. Either a BF/sub 3/ counter, LiI scintillator, or /sup 3/He detector is located at the center of each sphere to detect the moderated neutrons. The responses of these spheres for high energy neutrons are very low even for the largest 12 inch sphere. To increase the response for high energy neutrons, high Z material such as Pb, W, TI, or Au can be added to the sphere to utilize the (n,xn) reaction of these materials. Monte Carlo simulations for the Pb-added case with a /sup 3/He detector as an example will be presented. The response at high energy for this case is enhanced by a factor of 5 to 8 depending upon the sphere diameter.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Grundlagen stochastischer Prozesse (2000)

Aufgaben der Regelungs- und Nachrichtentechnik erfordern im allgemeinen Lösungen, die nicht nur für einzelne Signale, sondern für eine große Anzahl möglicher Signale mit gewissen gemeinsamen Eigenschaften gelten. Ein mathematisches Modell für eine solche Schar von Signalen ist ein stochastischer Prozeß.
Modelling of Sputter Erosion Rate Enhancement from Ceramic Targets (2004)

Sputter deposition of ceramic films (oxides, nitrides, etc.) can either be carried out by sputtering from a metallic target with an addition of a reactive gas, or by sputtering from a ceramic target. In the latter case it is common to add some reactive gas to ensure the formation of stoichiometric films. There are several reports about deposition with a surprisingly high rate from ceramic targets as compared to traditional reactive sputtering from a metallic target in the poisoned mode. The reason for this is not fully understood. However, we present a model that describes the observed behavior. In this model, one of the assumptions in the original Berg's model has been changed. Previously, we assumed that the compound formed at the target surface is sputtered in the form of molecules. However, it is commonly accepted that most sputtered particles are elemental atoms. Therefore, we assume that the different elements constituting the compound are sputtered as single atom s with different yields. The new model closely describes reported system behavior and may also be used for further studies of this kind of process.
Proteomic Analysis of an Extreme Halophilic Archaeon, Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 (2003)

Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 insoluble membrane and soluble cytoplasmic proteins were isolated by ultracentrifugation of whole cell lysate. Using an ion trap mass spectrometer equipped with a C18 trap electrospray ionization emitter/micro-liquid chromatography column, a number of trypsin-generated peptide tags from 426 unique proteins were identified. This represents approximately one-fifth of the theoretical proteome of Halobacterium. Of these, 232 proteins were found only in the soluble fraction, 165 were only in the insoluble membrane fraction, and 29 were in both fractions. There were 72 and 61% previously annotated proteins identified in the soluble and membrane protein fractions, respectively. Interestingly, 57 of previously unannotated proteins found only in Halobacterium NRC-1 were identified. Such proteins could be interesting targets for understanding unique physiology of Halobacterium NRC-1. A group of proteins involved in various metabolic pathways were identified among the expressed proteins, suggesting these pathways were active at the time the cells were collected. This data containing a list of expressed proteins, their cellular locations, and biological functions could be used in future studies to investigate the interaction of the genes and proteins in relation to genetic or environmental perturbations.
Analysis of human hand posture to estimate mouse-operation (2004)

This paper deals with the modeling of the human hand posture of object operation. Preliminary observation experiment has been conducted on mouse operation by 5 subjects. The contact area of both on hands and on mice shows us that there are some patterns in the strategy of how to locate the basis of the hand with respect to the mouse. In addition, the preference of joint angle acuteness has been observed. The hand model and the method to acquire and organize the quantitative data are shown.
Advanced Bipolar Plate for a Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cell (2008)

An advanced composite bipolar plate is described for a unitized regenerative fuel cell and electrolyzer system that operates on pure feed streams (H2/O2 and water, respectively). The composite bipolar plate can greatly simplify "closed-loop" unitized fuel cell/electrolyzer power systems, as it eliminates the need for saturators, a second stack, and water/gas phase separation equipment. It provides a substantial system improvement over presently used alkaline systems in that it allows for simple high pressure electrolyzer operation with a high differential pressure. Additionally, it allows for dead-ended H2 and O2 feed during fuel cell operation, eliminating parasitic pumping losses required for water removal in a conventional fuel cell. Results from a 50 cm2 bench design are presented. Additionally, the composite bipolar plate has been used to deliver methanol vapor to a direct methanol fuel cell, resulting in a lower methanol concentration at the catalyst/membrane interface and reduced methanol cross-over.
Characterization of Poly(epsilon-Caprolactone) and Poly(epsilon-Caprolactone-b-Isobutylene-B-Epsilon-Caprolactone) by MALDI-TOF MS (2000)

The genome sequence of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) has revealed the presence of about 40 protein serine/threonine or tyrosine kinases. AfsK, which is able to phosphorylate AfsR, a transcriptional activator with ATPase activity, represents the first instance in which a bacterial Hanks-type protein kinase phosphorylates a specific protein and exerts biologically important functions. The AfsK-AfsR system in S. coelicolor A3(2) globally controls secondary metabolism. The signal transduction pathway so far demonstrated or suggested is as follows: AfsK loosely attached to the membrane autophosphorylates threonine and serine residues, perhaps on sensing some external stimulus, and enhances its kinase activity. The kinase activity is modulated by KbpA, an AfsK-binding protein, by means of protein-protein interactions. The activated AfsK phosphorylates threonine and serine residues of AfsR in the cytoplasm, by which the DNA-binding activity of AfsR is greatly enhanced. In addition to AfsK, other kinases-including PkaG and AfsL-also phosphorylate AfsR, suggesting that AfsR serves as an integrator of multiple signals sensed by these kinases. The phosphorylated AfsR binds the promoter of afsS, which encodes a protein of 63 amino acids, and forms a closed complex with RNA polymerase. The closed complex is then converted to a transcriptionally active open complex by the energy available from ATP hydrolysis by AfsR. AfsS induced in this way activates transcription of pathway-specific transcriptional activators, such as actII-ORF4 for actinorhodin production and redD for undecylprodigiosin, in an as yet unknown manner.
Spatial distribution of mitosis, apoptosis and small blood vessels in malignant diffuse follicular‐center‐cell lymphomas: A nearest‐neighbor analysis (1994)

To better comprehend the relationships between cell birth and cell death in neoplastic disorders, the topography of these events needs to be considered. We applied a computerized nearest-neighbor analysis to malignant, diffuse follicular-center-cell lymphomas in order to examine the spatial distribution of pyknotic (apoptotic) cells/bodies (A) and mitotic figures (M) in relation to capillaries (C) and venules (V). The results revealed a complex dispersion pattern, with significant aggregations of A and M, in addition to an even greater random distribution component. The greatest clustering displayed by A was around capillaries (A-C, 42% reduction of object frequency between the first and second distance class), followed by A-A (33%), A-V (24%) and A-M (12%). Additional values for mitotic figures were: M-M (45%), M-V (33%) and M-C (22%). These findings may reflect the relative importance of inherent properties of the neoplastic and host factors, respectively, in the regulation of cell birth and cell death rates.
Raman spectroscopy as a tool for monitoring mesoscale continuous-flow organic synthesis: Equipment interface and assessment in four medicinally-relevant reactions (2013)

An apparatus is reported for real-time Raman monitoring of reactions performed using continuous-flow processing. Its capability is assessed by studying four reactions, all involving formation of products bearing α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moieties; synthesis of 3-acetylcoumarin, Knoevenagel and Claisen-Schmidt condensations, and a Biginelli reaction. In each case it is possible to monitor the reactions and also in one case, by means of a calibration curve, determine product conversion from Raman spectral data as corroborated by data obtained using NMR spectroscopy.
Migraña y MIDAS (MIDASELA) en trabajadores hospitalarios colombianos (2003)

A sub register in the prevalence of migraine could be reported in places where the WHO protocol is used. This pathology will have to be taken well into account in Colombian hospital workers due to its individual, occupational, family, social and economic impact. It is necessary to introduce health policies and programmes aimed at evaluating, controlling and treating this type of pathology in an appropriate manner, in order to improve the quality of life of those whose job it is to look after and improve that of the other Colombians.
Adaptive stimulus artifact cancellation in gastric myoelectrical signals (2002)

Previous studies have shown that electrical stimulation of the stomach with appropriate parameters is a promising approach for treatment of gastroparetic patients. The recording of gastric myoelectrical activity by serosal electrodes is often used to evaluate the effect of stimulation. However, the major problem with the measurements of gastric myoelectrical activity during gastric pacing is the stimulus artifacts which are often superimposed on the recorded signal and make spectral analysis unreliable. The transform domain adaptive filter has been used to reduce the stimulus artifacts but only with limited success. This paper presents an adaptive stimulus artifacts reduction method based on fast convergence frequency domain adaptive filtering, without requiring recorded "stimulus-only" reference signal. The results from both simulations and real signals show that the frequency domain adaptive filtering is able to cancel stimulus artifacts with fast convergence speed.
Underlag för en kommande rivning av J-huset på Akademiska sjukhuset i Uppsala : Generell planeringshjälp vid utförande av rivning (2008)

This report is about planning a demolition. The purpose of this report is that it should become a base for a demolition of house J at the Academic hospital in Uppsala, and also to make general help for planning a demolition. This report also contains a part about how a change in the work environment affects general people. The work started with studies of literature and design of the general part of the report and then continued with a practical study of house J. From the experience of the first two parts of the report a general help for planning a demolition was shaped. Today in the demolition industry the most common and effective way to demolish a building is to do it selective and that means, taking the building down part by part depending on the grade of separation. The recommendation for the demolition of house J is to do it selective. “Thinking” about the demolition in the building phase of a house helps to reduce the environmental effects of the demolition and makes it easier to carry out. Planning a building should be done in a long term perspective to make it easier to cope with activity changes, rebuilding and complementary building. When a building is due for demolition it’s important to know everything about the construction of the building and it’s materials to make a good demolition plan both economic and environmental.
Evolution of ventricular myocyte electrophysiology (2008)

The relative importance of regulatory versus structural evolution for the evolution of different biological systems is a subject of controversy. The primacy of regulatory evolution in the diversification of morphological traits has been promoted by many evolutionary developmental biologists. For physiological traits, however, the role of regulatory evolution has received less attention or has been considered to be relatively unimportant. To address this issue for electrophysiological systems, we examined the importance of regulatory and structural evolution in the evolution of the electrophysiological function of cardiac myocytes in mammals. In particular, two related phenomena were studied: the change in action potential morphology in small mammals and the scaling of action potential duration across mammalian phylogeny. In general, the functional properties of the ion channels involved in ventricular action potential repolarization were found to be relatively invariant. In contrast, there were large changes in the expression levels of multiple ion channel and transporter genes. For the Kv2.1 and Kv4.2 potassium channel genes, which are primary determinants of the action potential morphology in small mammals, the functional properties of the proximal promoter regions were found to vary in concordance with species-dependent differences in mRNA expression, suggesting that evolution of cis-regulatory elements is the primary determinant of this trait. Scaling of action potential duration was found to be a complex phenomenon, involving changes in the expression of a large number of channels and transporters. In this case, it is concluded that regulatory evolution is the predominant mechanism by which the scaling is achieved.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMIE DER ′KETOCYCLONE′ 1. MITT. PHOTOCHEMISCHE HERSTELLUNG EINER SUBSTITUIERTEN PHENYLESSIGSAEURE (1970)

Abstract Die aus (I) durch Hydrierung über Raney‐Nickel in Essigsäureäthylester 6F haltene Verbindung (II) wird beim achtstündigen Belichten ihrer benzolischen Lösung mit einer Quecksilberhochdrucklampe unter nur schwacher Kohlenmonoxid‐Entwicklung in ein Gemisch von 5 Verbindungen verwandelt, von denen (IV) mit 38,5% das Hauptprodukt darstellt und über das Keten (III), das mit cis‐Azobenzol (V) als (VI) abgefangen werden konnte, entstanden ist.
Laserspray ionization using an atmospheric solids analysis probe for sample introduction (2010)

A newly introduced high sensitivity laserspray (LSI) mass spectrometry (MS) method that uses laser ablation of a matrix/analyte mixture at atmospheric pressure (AP) to obtain multiply charged ions from nonvolatile as well as high-mass compounds is now implemented using a simple probe device. The probe used in the LSI approach was originally designed for sample introduction into an AP ionization source using the atmospheric solids analysis probe (ASAP) method. Multiply charged mass spectra of peptides and proteins in 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid matrix were readily obtained on two mass spectrometers from different manufacturers with sample introduction using melting point tubes. Here we demonstrate rapid analysis by placing four peptide and protein samples on a single melting point tube. Mass spectra were obtained at high-resolution and using ion mobility spectrometry/MS.
Residue-Level Interrogation of Macromolecular Crowding Effects on Protein Stability (2008)

Theory predicts that macromolecular crowding affects protein behavior, but experimental confirmation is scant. Herein, we report the first residue-level interrogation of the effects of macromolecular crowding on protein stability. We observe up to a 100-fold increase in the stability, as measured by the equilibrium constant for folding, for the globular protein chymotrypsin inhibitor 2 (CI2) in concentrations of the cosolute poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) that mimic the protein concentration in cells. We show that the increased stability is caused by the polymeric nature of PVP and that the degree of stabilization depends on both the location of the individual residue in the protein structure and the PVP concentration. Our data reinforce the assertion that macromolecular crowding stabilizes the protein by destabilizing its unfolded states.
Communication: Neutral atom imaging using a pulsed electromagnetic lens (2017)

We report on progress towards a neutral atom imaging device that will be used for chemically sensitive surface microscopy and nanofabrication. Our novel technique for improving refractive power and correcting chromatic aberration in atom lenses is based on a fundamental paradigm shift from continuous-beam focusing to a pulsed, three-dimensional approach. Simulations of this system suggest that it will pave the way toward the long-sought goal of true atom imaging on the nanoscale. Using a prototype lens with a supersonic beam of metastable neon, we have imaged complex patterns with lower distortion and higher resolution than has been shown in any previous experiment. Comparison with simulations corroborates the underlying theory and encourages further refinement of the process.
Use of coordinated online graphics simulator in collaborative multi-robot teleoperation with time delay (2002)

Coordinated control technologies have been developed for multi-robot collaboration in a common environment remotely controlled from multiple operators physically at a distance from each other. To verify the validity of the proposed approaches, we built a test bed and conducted a series of experiments, where we learned the effect of communication delay over the network on the performance of telerobots. This paper discusses the use of an online predictive simulator in the multi-operator-multi-robot (MOMR) tele-collaborative system to cope with the operator's delay visual perception over the network with time delay. In the test bed, each operator controls his/her master device to control two slave robots to cooperate in a task and detect a priori the possibility of collision in the graphics simulator that runs in near real-time. We demonstrate various tasks performed by two slave robots and two operators through LAN subjected to the simulated delays, and evaluate the use of the predictive simulator in MOMR tele-collaboration.
Water and Electrolytes of Rat Lung: Effects of Fluid-Filling, Perfusion, and Metabolic Inhibitor Treatment (1980)

The left lobe of the rat lung was filled through the bronchus with Krebs Bicarbonate Ring-er solution (KBR) with 70,000 mol wt 14C-dextran. Electrolytes and water in slices of the lobe were measured. The volume of liquid trapped in the airspace estimated from the volume of distribution of dextran was equivalent to the gravimetrically determined difference in water content (1.2 1/kg dry wt or 21% of slice water) between slices of gas and KBR-filled lobes. Additional Na+ and Cl− in slices of liquid-filled lobes were accounted for by the NaCl in a volume of KBR equal to the volume of residual airspace fluid. Perfusion of liquid-filled lobes with KBR with 6% colloid for 1 hr did not affect tissue water (4.4 1/kg dry wt), electrolytes (Na+ = 406, K+ = 336, Cl− = 388 mEq/kg dry wt) or Q02 (7 μl/mg dry wt., hr). The permeability coefficient for dextran movement between the airspace and perfusion fluid was 6 × 10−10 cm/sec. The tissue compartment of slices from lobes perfused with 1% colloid in KBR was 22% larger. Na+ and Cl− increased but K+ and Pdextran were unchanged. These results suggest the formation of interstitial edema. Addition of ouabain (10−3M) or NaCN and iodoacetamide (10−3M each) to the perfusion fluid resulted in the loss of about 150 mEq/kg dry wt of tissue K+ and a gain of an equal amount of Na+. Tissue Cl− and water did not change. Exchange of Na+ for cell K+ is suggested. We conclude that the slice technique can be used to monitor changes in the composition and volume of liquid compartments of the parenchyma of liquid-filled lungs.
Some Characteristics of F-Layer Irregularities Deduced from Backscatter Soundings Made with a Slewable Antenna Having a Two-Degree Azimuthal Beamwidth (1961)

Abstract : A study of the F-layer of the ionosphere made with an HF backscatter radar using a narrow-beam antenna has revealed a large number of irregularities in the size range from 50 to 500 km in north-south extent. It was possible to divide these irregularities into 5 types which were named spot, line, split, step, and range variable. On the basis of 60 one-hour records, the probability of the occurrence of each type was estimated (spot: 60%; split: 90%; others: less than 20% of the time). North-south motion of the irregularities was observed, but it occurs less than 10% of the time and always with movement from north to south. When observed, the average velocity of movement is of the order to 1000 km/hr. On occasion, growth and fade of the irregularities was noticed, with the time from start of growth of time of fade-out being of the order of 10 to 15 minutes.
High electron mobility transistors (1991)

The High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) has achieved its predicted performance goals, operating at high frequencies (>60 GHz) and high speeds (>10 Gbit/s). As a consequence, it is becoming the transistor of choice for millimetre wave and high speed applications; stimulating the development of new monolithic integrated electronic and optoelectronic analogue and digital circuits. These circuits will be utilised in radar, satellite communications and computing applications.
Synergistic Attraction of<i>Aedes aegypti</i>(L.) to Binary Blends of L-Lactic Acid and Acetone, Dichloromethane, or Dimethyl Disulfide (2003)

Kairomones produced by humans provide female anthropophilic mosquitoes with vital cues used in host-seeking for a blood meal. These chemicals are emanated primarily by the skin and provide the mosquitoes a means to orient themselves to humans at a relatively close range. Chemical studies of these emanations have provided new ideas for the formulation of attractant blends. We report mosquito attraction responses for three binary blends and their separate components. The blends are comprised of L-lactic acid plus either acetone, dichloromethane, or dimethyl disulfide. At the emission rates used in our bioassays, these blends synergistically attract laboratory-reared female Aedes aegypti. Carbon dioxide is not a necessary component to yield high levels of attraction with these blends. It is postulated that at least one of these synergistic blends (L-lactic acid and acetone) produces mosquito attraction behavior similar to L-lactic acid and CO2.
Time-Resolved Ligand Exchange Reactions: Kinetic Models for Competitive Inhibitors with Recombinant Human Renin (1995)

The on and off rate constants (kon and koff) were determined for a series of peptidomimetic, competitive inhibitors of human renin using a novel binding assay. The method entails analyzing a pair of ligand exchange reactions in which a dansylated inhibitor serves as the fluorescent probe. The first in the pair of reactions involves preincubating renin with the probe and initiating the reaction by addition of a sample inhibitor; the second reaction involves preincubating renin with the sample inhibitor and initiating the reaction by addition of probe. Both reactions yield progress curves which contain complementary information concerning the kon and koff of each ligand. The two curves are fitted simultaneously using models derived from the differential rate equations describing the ligand exchange process. The kon and koff rate constants for the probe were 6.85 x 10(6) M-1 s-1 and 2.96 x 10(-4) s-1, respectively, giving a calculated Kd of 43.2 pM. The Kd values for the inhibitor series varied over 2 orders of magnitude (27-2320 pM), while the individual kon (10(6)-10(7) M-1 s-1) and koff (10(-4)-10(-3) s-1) constants varied only over 1 order of magnitude.