gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
UAV Fault-Tolerant Control by Combined Sliding-mode Control and Fault-dependent Actuator Allocation (2014)

This paper presents an approach to obtain fault tolerance in the nonlinear longitudinal motion of an aircraft. The approach uses a Sliding Mode Controller and Control Allocation to obtain fault tolerance. In the nominal fault free case only a primary control will be active. A Sliding Mode Controller provides some robustness to the system and this property is utilized for fault accommodation if a partial fault has occurred. Control Allocation is added to redistribute control to available healthy actuators to make the system fault tolerant against more severe faults and even to total loss of a control surface. Simulations have been conducted on a model of a Cessna 182 and have shown good results for both the nominal and faulty scenarios.
Synchrony in serum antibody response to conserved proteins of<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>in young children (2015)

Conserved Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) proteins are currently under investigation as vaccine candidates. We recently identified a subset of children prone to frequent acute otitis media (AOM) that we refer to as stringently-defined otitis prone (sOP). We investigated the synchrony of serum antibody responses against 5 Spn protein vaccine antigens, PhtD, LytB, PcpA, PhtE, and PlyD1 resulting from nasopharyngeal colonization and AOM in sOP children (49 observations) and non-otitis prone (NOP) children (771 observations). Changes in serum IgG and IgM were quantitated with ELISA. IgG antibody concentrations against PhtD, PcpA, and PlyD1 rose in synchrony in sOP and NOP children; that is, the proteins appeared equally and highly immunogenic in children at age 6 to 15 months and then leveled off in their rise at 15 to 25 months. In contrast, rises in concentrations to PhtE and LytB were significantly slower and had not peaked in children even at 25 months of age, consistent with lower immunogenicity. Serum IgM responses against PhtD and PlyD1 were in synchrony in children at age 6-25 months old. PcpA did not induce a significant increase of serum IgM response in children, suggesting that primary responses to PcpA occurred prior to children attaining age 6 months old. PhtD, PcpA, and Ply elicit a synchronous natural acquisition of serum antibody in young children suggesting that a trivalent Spn protein vaccine combining PhtD, PcpA, and PlyD1 would be less likely to display antigen competition when administered as a combination vaccine in young children.
Neural Development of the Neuregulin Receptor ErbB4 in the Cerebral Cortex and the Hippocampus: Preferential Expression by Interneurons Tangentially Migrating from the Ganglionic Eminences (2003)

The receptor tyrosine kinases represent an important class of signal transduction molecules that have been shown to play critical roles in neural development. We report in the present study that the neuregulin receptor ErbB4 is preferentially expressed by interneurons that are migrating tangentially from the ventral to the dorsal rat telencephalon. ErbB4 immunoreactivity was detected in the medial ganglionic eminence as early as embryonic day (E) 13 at the inception of tangential migration. Prominent ErbB4-positive migratory streams consisting of cells double-labeled with ErbB4 and Dlx, a marker of tangentially migrating cells, were found to advance along the lower intermediate zone and the marginal zone from the ventrolateral to the dorsomedial cortex at E16-E18. After E20, the ErbB4-positive stream in the lower intermediate zone shifted towards the germinal zone and further extended via the cortex into the hippocampal primordium. ErbB4 was not expressed by Tbr1-positive glutamatergic projection neurons during development. ErbB4 was preferentially expressed by the majority of parvalbumin-positive interneurons and subsets of other GABAergic interneurons in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus in adulthood. The early onset and preferential expression of ErbB4 in tangentially migrating interneurons suggests that neuregulin/ErbB4 signaling may regulate the development and function of telencephalic interneurons.
Theobromine suppresses adipocyte differentiation through the MAPK pathway in 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes (1037.11) (2014)

Theobromine (TB) is an alkaloid belonging to the methylxanthines. It is mainly found in cocoa beans. In this study, we show that the inhibitory effect of TB on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3‐L1 cells by reducing adipogenic gene expression. To investigate the effects of TB on adipocyte differentiation, 3T3‐L1 cells were induced to differentiate using 3‐isobutyl‐1‐methylzanthine, dexamethasone, and insulin (MDI) for 8 days in the presence of 50, 100, and 150 μg/ml TB. TB attenuated the accumulation of lipid droplets stained with Oil Red O in dose‐dependent manner. We also found the effect of TB on the inhibition of adipocyte differentiation occurred during early stage of adipogenesis. To elucidate the anti‐adipogenic mechanism of TB, adipogenic transcription factors, the phosphorylation levels of MAPK, and adipogenic gene expression were analyzed by Western blotting. Treatment of cells with TB resulted in a decrease in the protein level of (Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma) PPARγ, (CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta) C/EBPβ, and phosphorylation of ERK and JNK. These results demonstrate that TB inhibits adipogenic differentiation via suppression of the ERK and JNK signaling pathway during the early stages of adipogenesis.
Cytotoxic Effects of N‐Hydroxyparacetamol in Suspensions of Isolated Rat Hepatocytes (1982)

The cytotoxicity of N-hydroxyparacetamol (N-OH-pHAA), a postulated proximate metabolite of the hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic analgesic paracetamol, was studied in suspensions of hepatocytes isolated by collagen-perfusion of livers of male rats. Incubation of cells with 0.25-2.0 mM N-OH-pHAA led after 3-5 hours to increased cell permeability measured by increased trypan blue uptake, increased NADH penetration or leakage of prelabelled 51Cr. N-OH-pHAA rapidly depleted cellular glutathione, 16% of initial levels were seen after 30 min. incubation. 3H-N-OH-pHAA bound covalently to cellular proteins in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, considerably higher binding rates were seen with boiled cells compared to intact cells. Pretreatment of animals with the cytochrome P-450 inducer phenobarbital did not affect N-OH-pHAA cytotoxicity or covalent binding, whereas the cytochrome P-450 inhibitor metyrapone inhibited both cytotoxicity and binding. Lipid peroxidation in hepatocytes could be seen as a limited range of N-OH-pHAA concentrations. In contrast, lipid peroxidation was an early event in cells exposed to carbon tetrachloride. A minimal exposure time of 30 min. of the hepatocytes to N-OH-pHAA was sufficient to elicit cellular damage occurring after 3-5 hours.
ABH Isoantigens in Stage O Papillary Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder: Correlation with Biological Behavior (1982)

Forty patients with stage O papillary transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder were tested for the presence or absence of ABH blood group substances. Of 25 tumors with antigens 21 (84 per cent) remained stage O, with a mean followup of 13.3 years. Of 15 tumors devoid of blood group substances 11 (73.3 per cent) progressed to stage B or greater in a mean of 4.3 years. Patients without antigens whose tumor remained stage O were followed for a mean of 10 years. Two patients with initially positive tumors subsequently showed loss of antigens and invasion. In 7 of 8 patients the benign epithelium showed a greater concentration of blood group substances than did the corresponding tumor. The presence or absence of blood group substances can be used to predict the biological behavior of stage O transitional cell carcinoma.
Using consumer IC packages in harsh high reliability applications (1994)

The improvements in purity of molding materials, the IC wafer passivation layers, and manufacturing quality have resulted over the last decade in extremely high reliability in commercial IC packages. In contrast the ceramic/hermetic package world is suffering from limited availability of the newest IC chips, higher cost, larger size, and decreasing quality and fewer manufacturing lines. Traditional manufacturing line qualification tests are a good start for conversion to commercial plastic parts. However, the use of standard sensitive test chips instead of product die is necessary to perform affordable, quantitative evaluations. These test chips have many integrated sensors measuring chemical, mechanical, thermal, and electrical degradation caused by manufacturing and the package environment. Besides visual, electrical test, and burn-in little has been documented on 100% nondestructive screening of plastic molded parts. Based on realistic process control and system engineer cultural expectations, user screening is necessary. Nondestructive tests of moisture and temperature excursion susceptibility are described.
Graphics-based modeling and analysis of gait abnormalities. (1998)

Persons with gait abnormalities frequently undergo surgical procedures to improve alignment of their limbs and prevent the progression of bone deformities [2,13]. For example, persons with cerebral palsy who walk with excessive flexion of the knees often have their hamstrings lengthened to increase knee extension and improve the crouched posture. Excessive plantarflexion of the ankle during walking is frequently treated by surgical lengthening of the Achilles tendon. Stiff-knee gait, which may arise from abnormal activity of the rectus femoris muscle, is treated by transfer of this muscle to the posterior side of the knee. Rotational deformities are corrected by derotational osteotomies, procedures in which bones are divided and re-aligned to restore more normal limb rotation. Although musculoskeletal surgeries can improve posture and walking, the outcomes are unpredictable and sometimes unsuccessful. Theoretically, the mechanics of walking may be improved by first identifying the muscles that are responsible for disrupting normal movement and then altering muscle forces (via tendon lengthenings) and moment arms (via osteotomies and tendon transfers) to achieve a proper balance of joint moments. However, current diagnostic and treatment methods do not allow the offending muscles to be identified easily, nor do they enable the functional consequences of treatments to be predicted prior to surgical intervention. We believe that the design of improved treatments will proceed more effectively if musculoskeletal models are developed that help explain the underlying causes of movement abnormalities and the functional consequences of surgical interventions. A wide variety of musculoskeletal models have been developed to study clinical problems. Some simple models focus on musculoskeletal geometry and enable the lengths and moment arms of muscles to be estimated before and after surgery (e.g., [3]). More complex models have been created that characterize muscle force generation, limb dynamics, and CNS control (e.g., [26,40]). In the development of a musculoskeletal model for a specific clinical application, it is important to consider the level of complexity needed for the analysis. Based on our investigations, we have identified three types of models that can be used to answer a variety of clinically-relevant questions. A kinematic model can be used in conjunction with experimental measurements of movement kinematics to examine muscle lengths during normal and pathologic movements. Knowledge of muscle lengths
The Small-Scale Maps of the Ordnance Survey: Discussion (1932)

William Goodenough, Charles Close, M. N. MacLeod, H. E. Dale, Mr. Hinks, E. M. Bull, Mr. Reeves, C. B. Fawcett, H. S. L. Winterbotham, The Small-Scale Maps of the Ordnance Survey: Discussion, The Geographical Journal, Vol. 79, No. 1 (Jan., 1932), pp. 24-31
The antifouling activity of some juvenoids on three species of acorn barnacle, <i>Balanus</i> (2006)

Analogues of insect juvenile hormones (juvenoids) have been tested for settling inhibition of cyprids from three species of barnacle, Balanus balanoides (L.), Balanus improvisus Darwin and Balanus amphitrite Darwin. Some 3-alkoxypyridine derivatives exhibited strong activity at mg litre(-1) concentrations; 3,7-dimethyloctyl 2-methyl-5-pyridyl ether (8) gave an EC(50) of 0.006 mg litre(-1) when tested on B. balanoides. When compound 8 and similar juvenoids were incorporated into paints, test panels kept in seawater for 8 months were free of barnacles.
Silicon micromachining using in situ DC microplasmas (2001)

This paper reports on the generation of spatially confined plasmas and their application to silicon etching. The etching is performed using SF/sub 6/ gas and dc power applied between thin-film electrodes patterned on the silicon wafer to be etched. The electrodes also serve as a mask for the etching. The typical operating pressure and power density are in the range of 1-20 Torr and 1-10 W/cm/sup 2/, respectively. The plasma confinement can be varied from <100 /spl mu/m to >1 cm by varying the electrode area, operating pressure, and power. High power densities can be achieved at moderate currents because the electrode areas are small. Etch rates of 4-17 /spl mu/m/min., which enable through-wafer etching and varying degrees of anisotropy, have been achieved. The etch rate increases with power density, whereas the etch rate per unit power density increases with operating pressure. Scaling effects are explored for varying sized mask openings. Plasma resistance measurements and electric field modeling are used to provide an initial assessment of the microplasmas.
Fabrication of a GaN p/n lateral polarity junction by polar doping selectivity (2008)

Abstract The difference in surface energy between the Ga‐polar orientation and the N‐polar orientation of GaN translates into a completely different behavior for the incorporation of intentional and unintentional impurities. Oxygen is found to be an impurity with higher concentration in N‐polar films than in Ga‐polar films and is the cause for the high carrier concentration observed in N‐polar films. We fabricated a lateral p/n junction in GaN by the simultaneous growth of p‐ and n‐type regions, utilizing the doping selectivity of the two different polar domains, which resulted in an n‐type carrier concentration of 1.7x10 19 cm –3 with an electron hall mobility of 99 cm 2 /Vs in the N‐polar domains, and a p‐type carrier concentration of 1.1x10 17 cm –3 with a hole hall mobility of 12 cm 2 /Vs in the Ga‐polar domains. These junctions showed the characteristics that define a p/n junction: current rectification, electroluminescence, and photo‐effect. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Titanium Aluminide Scramjet Inlet Flap Subelement Benchmark Tested (2005)

A subelement-level ultimate strength test was completed successfully at the NASA Glenn Research Center (http://www.nasa.gov/glenn/) on a large gamma titanium aluminide (TiAl) inlet flap demonstration piece. The test subjected the part to prototypical stress conditions by using unique fixtures that allowed both loading and support points to be located remote to the part itself (see the photograph). The resulting configuration produced shear, moment, and the consequent stress topology proportional to the design point. The test was conducted at room temperature, a harsh condition for the material because of reduced available ductility. Still, the peak experimental load-carrying capability exceeded original predictions.
Balance Confidence and Functional Balance in Relation to Falls in Older Persons with Hip Fracture History (2007)

Self-assessed balance confidence and functional balance are related to prevalence of recurrent and indoor falls in older hip fracture patients. Therefore use of Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale and Berg Balance Scale might be reasoned to expand in evaluating the probability for falls among at-risk elders.
HEPARAN SULFATE INCREASES SURVIVAL DURING GUT-DERIVED SEPSIS BY DECREASING BACTERIAL TRANSLOCATION AND ENHANCING HOST DEFENSE (1994)

The effect of heparan sulfate (HS) on survival rate, bacterial translocation, and host defense was studied in a model of gut-derived sepsis that included transfusion-induced immunosuppression. Balb/c mice were treated pre- and postburn injury and bacterial challenge with HS, 5 mg/kg/day, or sterile phosphate-buffered saline. The HS pre- and postburn treated animals showed a significant improvement in survival compared to control animals (80 vs. 30%, p = .004, and 60 vs. 20%, p = .02, respectively). A lower amount of translocation was observed in the spleen (p < or = .001) of the HS group compared to control group. Quantitative colony counts and the calculated percentage of viable bacteria showed that the ability to kill translocated organisms was enhanced in all tissues of the animals receiving HS. These data suggest that treatment with HS positively affects the outcome in gut-derived sepsis. The beneficial effect was related both to an improved gut barrier function and to an enhanced host defense.
Production, Secretion, and Stability of Human Secreted Alkaline Phosphatase in Tobacco NT1 Cell Suspension Cultures (2006)

Tobacco NT1 cell suspension cultures secreting active human secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) were generated for the first time as a model system to study recombinant protein production, secretion, and stability in plant cell cultures. The SEAP gene encodes a secreted form of the human placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP). During batch culture, the highest level of active SEAP in the culture medium (0.4 U/mL, corresponding to approximately 27 mg/L) was observed at the end of the exponential growth phase. Although the level of active SEAP decreased during the stationary phase, the activity loss did not appear to be due to SEAP degradation (based on Western blots) but due to SEAP denaturation. The protein-stabilizing agents polyvinylpirrolidone (PVP) and bacitracin were added extracellularly to test for their ability to reduce the loss of SEAP activity during the stationary phase. Bacitracin (100 mg/L) was the most effective treatment at sustaining activity levels for up to 17 days post-subculture. Commercially available human placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) was used to probe the mechanism of SEAP deactivation. Experiments with PLAP in sterile and conditioned medium corroborated the denaturation of SEAP by factors generated by cell growth and not due to simple proteolysis. We also show for the first time that the factors promoting activity loss are heat labile at 95 degrees C but not at 70 degrees C, and they are not inactivated after a 5 day incubation period under normal culture conditions (27 degrees C). In addition, there were no significant changes in pH or redox potential when comparing sterile and cell-free conditioned medium during PLAP incubation, indicating that these factors were unimportant.
Étude expérimentale et numérique de l’allumage des turboréacteurs en conditions de haute altitude (2012)

Lorsque je repense aux trois annes qui viennent de s'couler, je peux affirmer que le travail d'un doctorant et la course de fond prsentent de nombreux traits communs.Dans les deux cas, il s'agit d'un effort long et soutenu, parfois difficile, mais galement gratifiant et rservant beaucoup de plaisir.Lorsque l'on franchit la ligne d'arrive, il est important de se rappeler tous ceux qui vous ont accompagn, aid et encourag au long du parcours.Je remercie tout d'abord l'quipe du groupe combustion de Turbomeca, qui m'a encadr pendant ces trois ans et permis ainsi de dcouvrir un sujet passionnant.Je pense plus particulirement Hubert Verdier, Stphane Pascaud, Thomas Lederlin, Nicolas Savary, Christophe Viguier, ainsi que Claude Brat.Je tiens galement remercier l'ensemble des membres du DMAE, qui m'ont accueilli et permis de travailler dans une ambiance saine et dcontracte.Mes penses vont en premier Grard Lavergne, qui avec ses conseils, sa patience, m'aura appris aimer le travail de recherche, et toujours extraire la substantifique moelle.Je remercie galement Renaud Lecourt, guide pour mes dbuts en tant qu'exprimentateur.Je n'oublierais pas non plus Philippe Villedieu, source intarissable concernant la modlisation numrique, ainsi que Olivier Rouzaud et Nicolas Bertier.Je tiens galement remercier Claire Laurent, dynamique jeune maman qui m'a beaucoup aid travers les vicissitudes de Synergy et du dveloppement en environnement partag.tude exprimentale et numrique de l'allumage des turboracteurs en conditions de haute altitude TABLE DES MATI RES
Studies on the Gastrointestinal Hormones. IV. : Isolation and Physiological Effect of Glycoprotein in Whale Gastric Mucosa (1970)

A glycoprotein (E-fraction) was extracted from the mucosa of the third stomach of a finback whale (Balaenoptera pysalus L.). E-fraction was isolated successively by extraction with water, precipitation with benzoic acid, fractionation with ammonium sulfate, and trypsin digestion. The E-fraction thus obtained contains protein or polypeptide, hexose, hexosamine, and sulfate, but no lipids or phosphorus. The glycoprotein fraction showed an inhibitory effect on gastric acid output of the Shay rat and in the Heidenhain pouch dog, and an increase of mucus secretion in the Heidenhain pouch dog. It was also found that the E-fraction had an obvious antagonistic effect on the action of synthetic gastrin-like polypeptide (tetragastrin) in the Schild's rat.
Frequency of False Positive Rapid HIV Serologic Tests in African Men and Women Receiving PrEP for HIV Prevention: Implications for Programmatic Roll-Out of Biomedical Interventions (2015)

Rapid HIV assays are the mainstay of HIV testing globally. Delivery of effective biomedical HIV prevention strategies such as antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) requires periodic HIV testing. Because rapid tests have high (>95%) but imperfect specificity, they are expected to generate some false positive results.
Microtubule organization during the development of the mitotic apparatus in cultured mesophyll protoplasts of higher plants – an immunofluorescence microscopic study (1988)

Microtubule organization in the course of the interphase‐mitosis transition, karyokinesis and cytokinesis in cultured mesophyll protoplasts of Medicago sativa L. cv. Regen S and Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Wisconsin 38 was investigated during the early culture stages. A prominent circular band of microtubules, the prophase band of microtubules (PB) was seen in the cell cortex during prophase in most cells. The band appeared during very early prophase and disappeared during late prophase. Other prophase microtubule arrays were nuclear‐envelope associated microtubule fluorescence (perinuclear fluorescence, PNF) and groups of microtubules radiating from the nuclear envelope into the cytoplasm. These radiating microtubutes (perinuclear radiating microtubules, PNR) were particularly long and prominent in the PB plane appearing to link the PNF with the PB network. The possible functions of the PNR are discussed. The role of the PB is discussed in the light of the unorganized nature of these cells.
Numerical Modeling of a Triple Porosity Reservoir (1999)

Abstract The triple porosity reservoir investigated is unique with its highly heterogeneous carbonate characteristics. The largest hydrocarbon bearing formations are not only naturally fractured, but also highly vuggy. Special relative permeability, capillary pressure, and compressibility relationships were developed to simulated multi-phase flow in this triple porosity system. Well and interference tests were re-analyzed at several stages in the project to provide input to geology on fracture properties and later to condition the fracture properties coming from the geologic model. The calibrated model acceptably matched the historical pressure and the production of oil, water, and gas for the reservoir complex.