gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of Enoxaparin After Renal Transplantation in Pediatric Patients (2018)

Enoxaparin is commonly used in the prevention of renal allograft vascular thrombosis but off-label in children, and no consensus exists regarding the optimal dosing and dose adjustment. In this retrospective study, 444 anti-Xa levels were obtained from 30 pediatric renal transplant recipients in order to investigate enoxaparin population pharmacokinetics. The main results were (1) 25% of children achieved the target anti-Xa activity 36 hours after initiation of treatment, (2) anti-Xa time courses were best described by a 1-compartment open model with first-order absorption, (3) body weight but not renal function was the sole covariate influencing clearance and volume of distribution, and (4) large between-subject and between-occasion variabilities in anti-Xa activity were observed. However, creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate in the first post-renal transplantation hours may not reliably reflect the actual renal function of the children. Based on the final population model, a Bayesian-based program was developed in order to estimate the individual pharmacokinetic parameters on a single anti-Xa measurement, allowing determination of the next enoxaparin dose that will quickly achieve an appropriate anti-Xa activity (targeting 0.3-0.5 IU/mL) and anticoagulation. Finally, these results should help standardize practices that remain to date largely heterogeneous in pediatric intensive care units.
Conversion of Hydrocarbons in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2003)

▪ Abstract Recently, a number of papers about direct oxidation of methane and hydrocarbon in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) at relatively low temperatures (about 700°C) have been published. Even though the conversion of almost dry CH 4 at 1000°C on ceramic anodes was demonstrated more than 10 years ago, the reports about high-current densities for methane oxidation at such low temperatures are indeed surprising. Several papers indicate that a catalytic effect (due to the mixed ionic and electronic conductivity) of CeO 2-x is partially responsible for this effect. However, this seems to contradict previous reports, and thus this issue deserves further analysis.
Near-field microwave microscope measurements to characterize bulk material properties (2007)

The authors discuss near-field scanning microwave microscope measurements of the complex permittivity for bulk dielectric (fused silica), semiconductor (silicon), and metal (copper). The authors use these measurements to test existing quasistatic theoretical approach to deembed the bulk material properties from the measured data. The known quasistatic models fit the measured data well with parameters for silicon (εs=11.9, σSi=50S∕m) and fused silica (εs=3.85, tanδ=1.0×10−4). However, for copper (with σCu=5.67×107S∕m), apart from quasistatic coupling, an additional loss of 12Ω is needed to fit the data.
Pteroic Acid Derivatives. I. Pteroyl-α-glutamylglutamic Acid and Pteroyl-α,γ-glutamyldiglutamic Acid (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPteroic Acid Derivatives. I. Pteroyl-α-glutamylglutamic Acid and Pteroyl-α,γ-glutamyldiglutamic AcidJ. H. Mowat, B. L. Hutchings, R. B. Angier, E. L. R. Stokstad, J. H. Boothe, C. W. Waller, J. Semb, and Y. Subba RowCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 3, 1096–1098Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01183a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01183a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of Mono‐ and Sesquiterpenoids, XV Synthesis of (‐)‐Warburganal, an Insect Antifeedant (1989)

Abstract The enantioselective total synthesis of (‐)‐warburganal (1) was achieved in 20 steps (8.1% overall yield) starting from ( S )‐3‐hydroxy‐2,2‐dimethylcyclohexanone.
Design of an Automotive Radar Sensor Firmware Resilient to Cyberattacks (2020)

In this paper, we introduce a novel automotive radar sensor design resilient to cyberattacks. The proposed design can be implemented at the firmware level of the system which provides faster detection of cyberattacks without adding hardware complexity or being computationally expensive. This approach can be combined with any predictive filtering based approach implemented at higher system layers to provide additional security. Frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar is chosen to demonstrate the efficiency of the design in preventing cyberattacks as will be demonstrated by simulation results.
Timing of laser pulses produced by combined passive and active mode-locking† (1978)

The equations of combined active and passive mode-locking are solved approximately in the limit when the saturable absorber determines the width of the pulse, and the active modulator the timing. An equation identical with the Adler equation of oscillator phase locking is obtained for the phase of the pulse with respect to the active modulation. In the case of synchronization between the mode-locked pulse-train and the active modulation (time independent solution), the phase of the pulse with respect to the modulation maximum is determined as a function of detuning and modulation (depth. Beyond a critical detuning of the round-trip time Tn from the modulation period TM, synchronisation ceases and the pulses' slip through ' the active modulation with a phase that has a periodic variation superimposed on the uniform slippage rate. Finally, we investigate the effect of noise on the pulse timing. The spectrum of the pulse phase is the same as the spectrum of the phase of an injection-locked single-mode oscillator in the presence of noise.
Effect of ABO blood group on asymptomatic, uncomplicated and placental Plasmodium falciparum infection: systematic review and meta-analysis (2019)

Malaria clinical outcomes vary by erythrocyte characteristics, including ABO blood group, but the effect of ABO blood group on asymptomatic, uncomplicated and placental Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) infection remains unclear. We explored effects of ABO blood group on asymptomatic, uncomplicated and placental falciparum infection in the published literature. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. Articles in Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL and Cochrane Library published before February 04, 2017 were searched without restriction. Studies were included if they reported P. falciparum infection incidence or prevalence, stratified by ABO blood group. Of 1923 articles obtained from the five databases (Embase = 728, PubMed = 620, Web of Science = 549, CINAHL = 14, Cochrane Library = 12), 42 met criteria for systematic review and 37 for meta-analysis. Most studies (n = 30) were cross-sectional, seven were prospective cohort, and five were case-control studies. Meta-analysis showed similar odds of uncomplicated P. falciparum infection among individuals with blood group A (summary odds ratio [OR] 0.96, 15 studies), B (OR 0.89, 15 studies), AB (OR 0.85, 10 studies) and non-O (OR 0.95, 17 studies) as compared to those with blood group O. Meta-analysis of four cohort studies also showed similar risk of uncomplicated P. falciparum infection among individuals with blood group non-O and those with blood group O (summary relative risk [RR] 1.03). Meta-analysis of six studies showed similar odds of asymptomatic P. falciparum infection among individuals with blood group A (OR 1.05), B (OR 1.03), AB (OR 1.23), and non-O (OR 1.07) when compared to those with blood group O. However, odds of active placental P. falciparum infection was significantly lower in primiparous women with non-O blood groups (OR 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.23 – 0.69, I2 0.0%, three studies), particularly in those with blood group A (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.003 – 0.82, I2 1.4%, four studies) than those with blood group O. This study suggests that ABO blood group may not affect susceptibility to asymptomatic and/or uncomplicated P. falciparum infection. However, blood group O primiparous women appear to be more susceptible to active placental P. falciparum infection.
The Interplanetary Network Supplement to the BATSE Catalogs of Untriggered Cosmic Gamma‐Ray Bursts (2005)

We present Interplanetary Network (IPN) detection and localization information for 211 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) observed as untriggered events by the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) and published in catalogs by Kommers et al. and Stern et al. IPN confirmations have been obtained by analyzing the data from 11 experiments. For any given burst observed by BATSE and one other distant spacecraft, arrival time analysis (or ``triangulation'') results in an annulus of possible arrival directions whose half-width varies between 14" and 5.6d, depending on the intensity, time history, and arrival direction of the burst, as well as the distance between the spacecraft. This annulus generally intersects the BATSE error circle, resulting in a reduction of the area of up to a factor of ~650. When three widely separated spacecraft observed a burst, the result is an error box whose area is as much as 30,000 times smaller than that of the BATSE error circle. Because the IPN instruments are considerably less sensitive than BATSE, they generally did not detect the weakest untriggered bursts but did detect the more intense ones, which failed to trigger BATSE when the trigger was disabled. In a few cases, we have been able to identify the probable origin of bursts as soft gamma repeaters. The vast majority of the IPN-detected events, however, are GRBs, and the confirmation of them validates many of the procedures utilized to detect BATSE untriggered bursts.
Variant Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Val66Met Polymorphism Alters Vulnerability to Stress and Response to Antidepressants (2012)

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays important roles in cell survival, neural plasticity, learning, and stress regulation. However, whether the recently found human BDNF Val66Met (BDNF(Met)) polymorphism could alter stress vulnerability remains controversial. More importantly, the molecular and structural mechanisms underlying the interaction between the BDNF(Met) polymorphism and stress are unclear. We found that heterozygous BDNF(+/Met) mice displayed hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperreactivity, increased depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviors, and impaired working memory compared with WT mice after 7 d restraint stress. Moreover, BDNF(+/Met) mice exhibited more prominent changes in BDNF levels and apical dendritic spine density in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala after stress, which correlated with the impaired working memory and elevated anxiety-like behaviors. Finally, the depressive-like behaviors in BDNF(+/Met) mice could be selectively rescued by acute administration of desipramine but not fluoxetine. These data indicate selective behavioral, molecular, and structural deficits resulting from the interaction between stress and the human genetic BDNF(Met) polymorphism. Importantly, desipramine but not fluoxetine has antidepressant effects on BDNF(+/Met) mice, suggesting that specific classes of antidepressant may be a more effective treatment option for depressive symptoms in humans with this genetic variant BDNF.
The Interaction of Aspiration Pneumonia with Demographic and Cerebrovascular Disease Risk Factors is Predictive of Discharge Level of Care in the Acute Stroke Patient (2011)

Patients with ASPNA and an NIHSS value of 7.44 or greater are more likely to require additional postacute care. ASPNA and an NIHSS value of 10.93 or greater increased the chance of postacute care at a level suggestive of lower functional status (skilled nursing facility or subacute care compared with inpatient rehabilitation). Age greater than 69.30 yrs plus ASPNA increased the likelihood of placement in subacute care vs. a skilled nursing facility.
Magneto-optical investigation of flux penetration in Y1Ba2Cu3O7 thin films (1990)

Using the magneto-optical Faraday effect the magnetic flux penetration into high Tc superconducting Y1Ba2Cu3O7 thin films is investigated. Epitaxially grown high quality films (Tc≳88 K, jc≳106 A/cm2 at 77 K) show a flux penetration in three steps, the formation of a flux front if the acting magnetic field reaches Hc1 at the edge of the specimen, the movement of the flux front towards the center of the sample, and the increase of the flux density after the flux front reaches the center. The remanent state shows trapped magnetic flux in the film, indicating inhomogeneously distributed pinning centers.
Effects of mannanoligosaccharide and sodium chlorate on growth performance of nursery pigs during an acute enteric disease challenge with Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium (2002)

A 28-day experiment was conducted to compare the effects of feeding mannanoligosaccharides (mannan) and sodium chlorate (chlorate) to weanling pigs as a possible substitute for the commonly used antimicrobialcarbadox. Pigs were fed experimental diets for 2 wk, then challenged orally with Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium to establish enteric disease. Average daily gain and ADFI were greater for pigs fed carbadox than all other treatments in the 2 wk following infection. During the first week after infection, pigs fed chlorate had greater G/F than control pigs, and pigs fed mannan tended to have greater G/F than control pigs. There were no differences in feed efficiency among treatments during the second week following infection.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 14, 2002
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Dichotomous role of the macrophage in early Mycobacterium marinum infection of the zebrafish. (2007)

In tuberculosis, infecting mycobacteria are phagocytosed by macrophages, which then migrate into deeper tissue and recruit additional cells to form the granulomas that eventually contain infection. Mycobacteria are exquisitely adapted macrophage pathogens, and observations in the mouse model of tuberculosis have suggested that mycobacterial growth is not inhibited in macrophages until adaptive immunity is induced. Using the optically transparent and genetically tractable zebrafish embryo-Mycobacterium marinum model of tuberculosis, we have directly examined early infection in the presence and absence of macrophages. The absence of macrophages led rapidly to higher bacterial burdens, suggesting that macrophages control infection early and are not an optimal growth niche. However, we show that macrophages play a critical role in tissue dissemination of mycobacteria. We propose that residence within macrophages represents an evolutionary trade-off for pathogenic mycobacteria that slows their early growth but provides a mechanism for tissue dissemination. PMID: 18005715 Funding information This work was supported by: NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 AI054503 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 AI036396 NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 GM074827 PHS HHS, United States Grant ID: K22 F007309 NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: T32 GM007270 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 AI54503 NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: T32 GM07270 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 AI036396-19 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 AI054503-09 More Less keyboard_arrow_down
Effects of physiological factors on the bioavailability of ethyl 2-chloro-3-(4-(2-methyl-2-phenyl-propyloxy) phenyl) propionate in an emulsion in rats. (1990)

The main absorption site of ethyl 2-chloro-3-[4-(2-methyl-2-phenylpropyloxy)phenyl]propionate (AL-294) in rats was the upper portion of the small intestine. Both AL-294 and AL-294 acid (2-chloro-3-[4-(2-methyl-2-phenylpropyloxy)phenyl]propionic acid), a hydrolyzed form of AL-294, were absorbed in a smaller quantity under the bile fistula condition (pancreatic juice and bile were excluded). Compared with the absorption of AL-294 as an emulsion under the sham operation condition, the absorption of AL-294 as the emulsion decreased under the condition where only pancreatic juice was excluded. The bioavailability under this condition was very similar to that under the bile fistula condition, whereas the absorption of AL-294 acid did not decrease when the pancreatic juice was excluded. From these results, the absorption mechanism of AL-294 is considered as follows: AL-294 was hydrolyzed to AL-294 acid by lipase in pancreatic juice, then AL-294 acid was solubilized with bile salts to form mixed micelles in the intestinal lumen. AL-294 acid from this form was easily absorbed into the systemic circulation. Absorption of AL-294 increased when the particle size of the emulsion was smaller. The reason was assumed to be that the smaller particle size offered the greater oil-water interface for lipase activity against AL-294.
Rearrangement Approaches to Cyclic Skeletons. X. Pinacol-Type Rearrangement of 2-Substituted 1-Methoxybicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-en-2-ols into Bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-2-ones. Remarkable Substituent Effects on Predominant Migration of the Unsaturated Bridge (1996)

Abstract Pinacol-type rearrangement of 2-substituted 1-methoxybicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-en-exo-2-ols (1) by treatment with p-toluenesulfonic acid in boiling benzene gave bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-2ones (2) and -3en-2-ones (4) in a ratio of ≥ 10 to 1 along with small amounts of dehydration products. Treatment of the endo isomers (3) under the same conditions gave 2, 4, and the dehydration products. The ratios of 2 to 4, in this case were within a certain range and were influenced by the substituent at the C-2 position. The ratio of the relative disappearance rate constant of 1 to that of the corresponding 3 was less than 10. This observation suggests that the unsaturated bridge does not offer remarkable anchimeric assistance in the reaction of 1. A similar acid treatment of the dehydration products gave 2 and 4 and their ratio was somewhat affected by the substituent. A mechanism is proposed for the pinacol-type rearrangement.
Protein accumulation in the cell nucleus. (1985)

Proteins which have been extracted from nuclei can re-enter and accumulate in the nucleus when deposited in the cytoplasm of the cell. This phenomenon has been investigated in two nuclear proteins having widely different properties. The same experimental strategy has been used in both cases, that is, microinjection of proteolytic fragments of these proteins into Xenopus oocytes and observing which of these fragments can accumulate in the nucleus. In the case of nucleoplasmin, a large, pentameric acidic protein, which is the most abundant protein of the X. laevis oocyte nucleus, a small fragment has been isolated which is both necessary and sufficient for accumulation in the oocyte nucleus. In the case of calf thymus histone H1, a small basic protein, a C-terminal fragment of 87 amino acids can accumulate in the oocyte nucleus. The amino acids lysine, proline and alanine constitute 73 of the 87 amino acids. Since the other 14 amino acids are scattered, not clustered, these three amino acids must presumably predominate in any sequence which specifies accumulation of the fragment in the nucleus. By using the expression vector lambda gt 11, cDNA clones of nucleoplasmin have recently been obtained and their properties are described.
SIMS depth resolution studies in Al <sub> <i>x</i> </sub> Ga <sub> 1− <i>x</i> </sub> As using specially grown MBE samples (1993)

Abstract A quantitative analysis of the effect that the surface roughening due to oxygen ion bombardment has on the depth resolution of SIMS profiles has been carried out for the semiconductor alloys Al x Ga 1− x As ( x = 0, 0.175, 0.384 and 0.69) for a range of bombardment energies from 2 keV to 10.5 keV in two Cameca IMS 3F instruments. The loss of depth resolution is greater (and occurs at greater depths) with higher impact energies but occurs more rapidly with increasing x values. Good correlation is observed with the secondary ion signal intensity changes caused by surface roughening. No change of sample erosion rate is observed. No similar effect could be found with Cs, Ar, Xe, N or N 2 bombardment.
A Theoretical Study of Propagation and Extinction of Nonsteady Spherical Flame Fronts (1989)

Freely propagating expanding spherical flame fronts are studied analytically using the method of activation energy asymptotics. Effects of Lewis number, curvature, heat loss, and thermal expansion, on propagation rates and extinction conditions are examined. The behavior of spherical flame fronts is found to be determined primarily by the values of the Lewis number (Le) and a heat loss parameter. Results are compared to recent experimental observations of spherical flame fronts in mixtures near the flammability limits; for ${\text{Le}} < 1$ it is found that many of the features of these experimental results are described by the analysis presented here but for${\text{Le}} > 1$, unrealistic dynamic behavior is predicted due to the nature of diffusive-thermal instabilities under these conditions.
CULTURAL EFFECTS ON DISTANCE LEARNING APPLICATIONS:A COMPARISON OF LONG TERM ORIENTED AND SHORT TERM ORIENTED CULTURES (2007)

We focus on Global Software Development from the usersâ perspective and find that cultural differences impact IS success. With ever expanding globalization, applications are increasingly being accessed by culturally diverse groups. Many times this was not planned by the developers who designed the applications for an assumed homogeneous population Thus, software developers need to take into account the cultural differences of their potential users. This is especially true for Distance Learning (DL) applications in which geographical boundaries virtually disappear. This study focuses on DL applications to demonstrate that culture matters in software development. In this study we use rarely applied cultural dimension of long-term orientation (Hofstede & Bond, 1988; Hofstede, 2001) to investigate the impact culture has on DL success as measured by perceived interaction difficulty, satisfaction, and self-reported learning. Designers of DL applications need to incorporate features that appeal to both short-term and long-term oriented cultures. Short-term oriented cultures value efficiency; therefore, they will tend to prefer tools that streamline the process such as email, automated quiz taking and grading, the ability to submit work online, and applications that load quickly. We expect Mediterranean countries will lean towards the short-term orientation side of the scale and, thus, will value these efficiencies. Long-term oriented cultures value effectiveness; therefore, they will tend to prefer tools that enrich the process such as discussion boards, chat rooms, and perhaps an âelectronic student loungeâ with the ability to exchange bios, stories, and pictures. We expect some Mediterranean countries will also appreciate these tools.