gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Osmoprotective Transcription Factor NFAT5/TonEBP Modulates Nuclear Factor-κB Activity (2010)

Tonicity-responsive binding-protein (TonEBP or NFAT5) is a widely expressed transcription factor whose activity is regulated by extracellular tonicity. TonEBP plays a key role in osmoprotection by binding to osmotic response element/TonE elements of genes that counteract the deleterious effects of cell shrinkage. Here, we show that in addition to this "classical" stimulation, TonEBP protects cells against hypertonicity by enhancing nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity. We show that hypertonicity enhances NF-κB stimulation by lipopolysaccharide but not tumor necrosis factor-α, and we demonstrate overlapping protein kinase B (Akt)-dependent signal transduction pathways elicited by hypertonicity and transforming growth factor-α. Activation of p38 kinase by hypertonicity and downstream activation of Akt play key roles in TonEBP activity, IκBα degradation, and p65 nuclear translocation. TonEBP affects neither of these latter events and is itself insensitive to NF-κB signaling. Rather, we reveal a tonicity-dependent interaction between TonEBP and p65 and show that NF-κB activity is considerably enhanced after binding of NF-κB-TonEBP complexes to κB elements of NF-κB-responsive genes. We demonstrate the key roles of TonEBP and Akt in renal collecting duct epithelial cells and in macrophages. These findings reveal a novel role for TonEBP and Akt in NF-κB activation on the onset of hypertonic challenge.
THE TREATMENT OF DELIBERATE SELF-HARM IN BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER USING DIALECTICAL BEHAVIOUR THERAPY: A PILOT STUDY IN A HIGH SECURITY HOSPITAL (2001)

Deliberate self-harm (DSH) presents a significant health problem, especially as treatments have not been particularly successful in reducing repetition. Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT; Linehan, 1993) is one approach that has reported some success in reducing self-harm rates in borderline personality disorder patients, who self-harm frequently, though it remains largely untested outside its original setting. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of DBT in self-harming women in an institutional setting in the United Kingdom where self-harm is common. Female patients at Rampton Hospital who were displaying self-harming behaviour and met criteria for borderline personality disorder ( N = 10) participated in the full one-year treatment package of DBT. Patients were assessed on self-harm rates and on a number of psychological variables, pre-, during- and post-therapy, including a 6-month follow-up. There was a significant reduction in DSH during therapy, which was maintained at 6-month follow-up. This was paralleled by a reduction in dissociative experiences and an increase in survival and coping beliefs, alongside improvements in depression, suicide ideation, and impulsiveness. The findings are preliminary but the results suggest that DBT might provide an effective treatment for severe self-harm in institutional settings, and also highlight some of the psychological mechanisms that might mediate these improvements in self-harming behaviour.
Factor affecting employee retention at Omega Scientific Instruments Pvt. Ltd (2016)

Employees of today are very different. They tend not to miss good opportunities. If they are dissatisfied with their present job, they tend to change it to the next job which has better prospect and future. Thus, it is the responsibility of the management to retain the potential employees. A good management should know how to encourage, attract and retain good employees in their organization. The study was conducted at Omega Scientific Instruments Pvt. Ltd. Along with the objective of analyzing the factors that affects the employee retention at the workplace and also suggesting some strategies that can help the employees to retain. Descriptive research has been adopted with questionnaire as the instruments and simple random sampling it is found that the employees are satisfied with rewards, working hours, the leaves provided to the employees are significant factors for the retention of employees at Omega Scientific Instruments Pvt. Ltd.
H<sup>+</sup>‐sugar antiport as the mechanism of sugar uptake by sugarcane vacuoles (1984)

The uptake of 3‐ O ‐methylglucose (3‐OMG) by vacuoles isolated from sugarcane cells caused a depolarization of the internally positive membrane potential and a decrease of the pH gradient. The uptake of sugar was accompanied by a corresponding efflux of protons out of vacuoles with a stoichiometry of 1:1. The data support a model whereby sugar is transported via an H + ‐antiport system.
The structure of modular program (1980)

Choosing the right program structures can lead to better programs, says Joshua Turner. He advocates modular design to make large programs more manageable. Turner reviews the possible structural relationships between the modules of a program and generates a tentative morphology of program structure types. He concludes that, with some exceptions, the hypothetical pure tree structure is the best choice for most data processing applications.
A new fast constraint graph generation algorithm for VLSI layout compaction (1991)

A new fast constraint graph generation algorithm called the parallel plane sweep shadowing (PPSS) algorithm is presented for VLSI layout compaction. The algorithm is significant in two aspects. First, instead of analyzing each element shadow individually, PPSS estimates all element shadows simultaneously, which makes it more efficient to generate irredundant constraints. Second, instead of the conventional perpendicular plane sweep method, a parallel plane sweep scheme is developed. This reduces the number of events by half. The experimental results show that PPSS is linear in space and time complexity, and requires about one minute to build a graph from 10000 rectangles on a Sun 3/60 workstation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Practical Analysis of Encrypted Network Traffic (2019)

The growing use of encryption in network communications is an undoubted boon for user privacy. However, the limitations of real-world encryption schemes are still not well understood, and new side-channel attacks against encrypted communications are disclosed every year. Furthermore, encrypted network communications, by preventing inspection of packet contents, represent a significant challenge from a network security perspective: our existing infrastructure relies on such inspection for threat detection. Both problems are exacerbated by the increasing prevalence of encrypted traffic: recent estimates suggest that 65% or more of downstream Internet traffic will be encrypted by the end of 2016. This work addresses these problems by expanding our understanding of the properties and characteristics of encrypted network traffic and exploring new, specialized techniques for the handling of encrypted traffic by network monitoring systems. We first demonstrate that opaque traffic, of which encrypted traffic is a subset, can be identified in real-time and how this ability can be leveraged to improve the capabilities of existing IDS systems. To do so, we evaluate and compare multiple methods for rapid identification of opaque packets, ultimately pinpointing a simple hypothesis test (which can be implemented on an FPGA) as an efficient and effective detector of such traffic. In our experiments, using this technique to “winnow”, or filter, opaque packets from the traffic load presented to an IDS system significantly increased the throughput of the system, allowing the identification of many more potential threats than the same system without winnowing. Second, we show that side channels in encrypted VoIP traffic enable the reconstruction of approximate transcripts of conversations. Our approach leverages techniques from linguistics, machine learning, natural language processing, and machine translation to accomplish this task despite the limited information leaked by such side channels. Our ability to do so underscores both the potential threat to user privacy which such side channels represent and the degree to which this threat has been underestimated. Finally, we propose and demonstrate the effectiveness of a new paradigm for identifying HTTP resources retrieved over encrypted connections. Our experiments demonstrate how the predominant paradigm from prior work fails to accurately represent real-world situations and how our proposed approach offers significant advantages, including the ability to infer partial information, in comparison. We believe these results represent both an enhanced threat to user privacy and an opportunity for network monitors and analysts to improve their own capabilities with respect to encrypted traffic.
Numerical aperture for graded-index tapered planar waveguides with a hyperbolic secant refractive index profile (1998)

Abstract A study of the numerical aperture for graded-index tapered planar waveguides with a hyperbolic secant refractive index profile is presented. Results are particularized for divergent conical and convergent parabolic types of the taper function.
Learn Metrics Now, Lead the Way Later (1994)

Converting to the metric system of measurement is much like becoming bilingual. Like translators who understand a foreign language, those who are familiar with both systems will lead the way during the years of conversion. Changing from one metric unit to another is a simple matter of moving a decimal point from one place to another. This month, we will look primarily at metric‐to‐metric conversions.
A fast algorithm for optimal via-shifting in channel compaction (1991)

The authors consider the problem of shifting vias to obtain more compactable channel routing, solutions. Given a grid-based two-layer channel routing solution S, one can obtain a new routing solution S' by simply shifting the vias in S. In this case, S' is said to be derivable from S. The authors address the problem ,of how to obtain a routing solution S, from S by shifting vias so that S' would achieve minimum channel height after compaction. They present some necessary preliminary material and give the Boolean procedure which forms the backbone of the algorithm. They present the optimal algorithm for shifting for the channel routing solution. The worst-case time complexity of the algorithm is considered. The algorithm uses a technique which is similar to the greedy algorithm for computing a maximum matching for a special class of bipartite graphs called convex bipartite graphs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stomatal patchiness of field-grown sultana leaves: Diurnal changes and light effects (2015)

Unirrigated, field-grown Sultana vines were used to study diurnal changes of stomatal patchiness under the natural ambient conditions of South Australia. Non-homogenous aperture of stomata (patchiness) was determined by an infiltration technique and by counting infiltrated patches. Stomatal conductance was linearly related to the number of patches with open stomata (r2 = 0.622). Both parameters increased in the early morning (maxima at 8 a.m.) and decreased thereafter. In the afternoon stomatal conductance and the number of patches with open stomata remained at a low level. When dark adapted leaves were exposed to sun light (900 -1000 mu mol quanta . m-2 . s-1) the number of patches with open stomata increased from 23 to 143 cm-2 within 15 min, indicating that besides several stress factors light induces non-homogenous stomatal opening. It is assumed that stomatal action of single patches is autonomous, i.e. stomata of single patches will regulate water loss and CO2 uptake according to local changes of ambient and endogenous conditions.
Electrostrictive response of an ideal polar rubber (2002)

This article considers the electrostrictive response of an ideal polar rubber in which each random link carries a dipole which is constrained to remain perpendicular to the link but is free to rotate about it. It thus mimics typical polar polymers with dipoles essentially perpendicular to the chain backbone and which rotate preferentially about the local chain axis (Stockmayer type B). In such materials, there is a genuine interplay between mechanical deformation and the electrical permittivity since an applied strain can produce preferential segmental orientation, align dipole rotation axes, and thus cause a change in permittivity. Though this is a plausible mechanism of electrostriction in polar rubbers, the quantitative analysis presented in this article suggests that the effect makes only a small contribution to the observed deformation of actuators based on typical polar rubber films with compliant electrodes.
Building life-like 'conscious' software agents (2000)

Here we will briefly describe action selection and language generation mechanisms in two ‘life-like ’ software agents, CMattie and IDA, and discuss issues that bear on the topics of architectures for behavior control, interdependencies be-tween emotions and goal-based behaviors, and coordination of scripted and improvised behaviors. These agents are life-like in the sense of interacting with humans via email in nat-ural language. They are ‘conscious ’ only in the sense of im-plementing a psychological theory of consciousness [3,4]. At this writing we are exploring the transition from scripted lan-guage production to more improvised speech generation. We are also investigating deliberative behavior selection mecha-nisms whereby alternative scenarios are produced and evalu-ated, and one of them chosen and acted upon. 1. Agents: autonomous, cognitive and ‘conscious’ The rise of the web has spawned a use of the word ‘agent ’ in other than its more common meaning as in ‘travel agent ’ or ‘insurance agent ’ or ‘real-estate agent’. In this new context an agent is a piece of soft-ware, a computer program, that in some sense acts on its own, typically in the service of its user, a per-son. Here I’ve chosen to define the technical term ‘au-tonomous agent’, at least partly to avoid the seemingly endless debates over exactly what is an agent. An au-tonomous agent, in this paper, is a system situated in, and part of, an environment, which senses that envi-ronment, and acts on it, over time, in pursuit of its own agenda. It also acts in such a way as to possibly in-fluence what it senses at a later time [14]. These au-
Regulatory functions of limbic Y1 receptors in body weight and anxiety uncovered by conditional knockout and maternal care (2011)

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) plays an important role in stress, anxiety, obesity, and energy homeostasis via activation of NPY-Y1 receptors (Y1Rs) in the brain. However, global knockout of the Npy1r gene has low or no impact on anxiety and body weight. To uncover the role of limbic Y1Rs, we generated conditional knockout mice in which the inactivation of the Npy1r gene was restricted to excitatory neurons of the forebrain, starting from juvenile stages (Npy1r(rfb)). Npy1r(rfb) mice exhibited increased anxiety and reduced body weight, less adipose tissue, and lower serum leptin levels. Npy1r(rfb) mutants also had a hyperactive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, as indicated by higher peripheral corticosterone and higher density of NPY immunoreactive fibers and corticotropin releasing hormone immunoreactive cell bodies in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus. Importantly, through fostering experiments, we determined that differences in phenotype between Npy1r(rfb) and Npy1r(2lox) mice became apparent when both genotypes were raised by FVB/J but not by C57BL/6J dams, suggesting that limbic Y1Rs are key targets of maternal care-induced programming of anxiety and energy homeostasis.
Development of Dynamic Models for DFIG Wind Farms and HVDC in Jeju Power System Using PSS/E (2011)

Since main portion of the required electric power in Jeju Island is provided from the mainland through two HVDC lines, Jeju HVDC has a most significant impact on Jeju power system. Average wind speed of Jeju Island is the highest among several candidates in South Korea. So, Jeju Island has been a suitable site for the construction of wind farms where several wind farms are now operating and several others to be sited. Since the large-scale wind generation could have adverse impacts on the stable operation of Jeju power system, wind power is also important for the stability of Jeju power system. Therefore, accurate modeling of Jeju HVDC and wind farms is required for stability analysis of Jeju power system. In this paper, PSS/E-based dynamic modeling of Jeju HVDC and DFIG wind farms is proposed. Model-writing technique of PSS/E is used to develop USRAUX model and USRMDL model for controlling the frequency of HVDC and imposing an operation limit of wind power, respectively. Dynamic characteristics of Jeju HVDC and DFIG wind farms are analyzed through the dynamic simulations. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the developed models for Jeju power system.
Activity of telomerase and extracellular regulated protein kinases in parental and drug resistant cells of leukemia and ovarian cancer. (2004)

In order to study the role of telomerase and extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) in drug-resistance of leukemia and ovarian cancer cells, telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay and bioluminescence analysis were used for qualitative analysis or quantitative detection of telomerase activity respectively, and Western blot was used to detect the expression level of phosphorylatedly activated ERK(1) and ERK(2) protein in the parental and drug resistant cells of leukemia and ovarian cancer. In addition, chemotherapy sensitivity to HRT or DDP was evaluated by MTT assay. The difference of cell cycle distribution between parental cell and drug-resistant cell was analyzed by flow cytometry. The results showed that the drug resistant cells were of higher percentage in G(0)/G(1) phase compared with the parental cell lines. Telomerase activity and phosphorylatedly activated ERK(1) and ERK(2) protein expression level were higher in drug-resistant cells than in parental cell. It is suggested that the increasing number of the drug resistant cells in G(0)/G(1) phase may be considered as a sign of drug resistance. The up-regulation of telomerase activity and phosphorylatedly activated ERK(1) and ERK(2) protein expression level may play an important role in drug resistance of leukemia and ovarian cancer cell lines.
An Introduction to Matrices (2007)

This section presents an introduction to the concept and history of matrices, and various inter-related theories. It also presents an overview of matrices in the senior secondary mathematics curriculum.
Investigating the Use of Semi-Supervised Convolutional Neural Network Models for Speech/Music Classification and Segmentation (2017)

A convolutional neural network architecture, trained with a semi-supervised strategy, is proposed for speech/music classification (SMC) and segmentation (SMS). It is compared to baseline machine learning algorithms on three SMC corpora and demonstrates superior performances, associated to perfect media-level speech recall scores. Evaluation corpora include speech-over-music segments with durations varying between 3 and 30 seconds. Early SMS results are presented. Segmentation errors are associated to musical genres not covered in the training database, and/or with close to speech acoustic properties. These experiments are aimed to help the design of novel speech/music annotated resources and evaluation protocols, suited to TV and radio stream indexation.
A Mathematical Principle of Quantum Mechanism (2020)

A mathematical cliff consists of scalar, vector and spinor, while scalar, vector and spinor are cliff components. It is found that the static exchange product of cliff components produces quantum, such as exchange multiplication of scalar and vector [X, Y]=XY–YX = A¢Â„Â/i, and that the complex dynamic distribution of i(z) as logarithm of negative numbers is just probability density, yielding quantum statistical mechanism. The mathematical principle reveals physical implications characterized by static “one cliff, one state” and dynamic “i(z) generates probability”, where the complex conjugation of the cliff indicates entangled one, resembling a concise mathematical principle of quantum mechanism. While the inner relations among scalars, vectors and spinors reveal local laws, the outer relations between cliffs describe global laws, leading to harmonic mathematical physics.
Motion Sickness: Effect of the Magnitude of Roll and Pitch Oscillation (2008)

With rotational oscillation about an Earth-horizontal axis, there is a trend for motion sickness to increase with increasing motion magnitude. For the conditions investigated, similar motion sickness was caused by roll and pitch oscillation.
Nucleotide binding to human uncoupling protein-2 refolded from bacterial inclusion bodies (2002)

Experiments were performed to test the hypothesis that recombinant human uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) ectopically expressed in bacterial inclusion bodies binds nucleotides in a manner identical with the nucleotide-inhibited uncoupling that is observed in kidney mitochondria. For this, sarkosyl-solubilized UCP2 inclusion bodies were treated with the polyoxyethylene ether detergent C12E9 and hydroxyapatite. Protein recovered from hydroxyapatite chromatography was approx. 90% pure UCP2, as judged by Coomassie Blue and silver staining of polyacrylamide gels. Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer, N-methylanthraniloyl-tagged purine nucleoside di- and tri-phosphates exhibited enhanced fluorescence with purified UCP2. Dissociation constants determined by least-squares non-linear regression indicated that the affinity of UCP2 for these fluorescently tagged nucleotides was 3-5 microM or perhaps an order of magnitude stronger, depending on the model used. Competition experiments with [8-14C]ATP demonstrated that UCP2 binds unmodified purine and pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphates with 2-5 microM affinity. Affinities for ADP and GDP were approx. 10-fold lower. These data indicate that: UCP2 (a) is at least partially refolded from sarkosyl-solubilized bacterial inclusion bodies by a two-step treatment with C12E9 detergent and hydroxyapatite; (b) binds purine and pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphates with low micromolar affinity; (c) binds GDP with the same affinity as GDP inhibits superoxide-stimulated uncoupling by kidney mitochondria; and (d) exhibits a different nucleotide preference than kidney mitochondria.
Serodiagnosis of Trichinella spiralis infections in pigs by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. (1974)

Antibodies to Trichinella spiralis are detectable by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays even in the earliest days after infection. A modification of the test, which is suitable for application in the slaughter-house, is described with horseradish peroxidase as the marker enzyme.
AN APPLE A DAY HELPS TO KEEP THE DOCTOR AWAY (1987)

Many committees have commented on the role of diet and health, but in the last 15 years there has been an upsurge of these publications. One of the first reports in 1974 from the committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy (COMA) made very little reference to fruits and vegetables and did not have any specific recommendations to increase their consumption. Yet the World Health Organisation Expert Committee in 1982 published a report Prevention of CHD that recommended increasing ‘appropriately combined foods of plant origin’. The discussion paper Proposals for Nutritional Guidelines for Health Education in Britain' prepared by a working party of the National Advisory Committee of Nutrition Education (NACNE) stated, ‘… health educators should encourage the consumption of fruits and vegetables as well as cereals …’