gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
T-algorithm-based logic simulation on distributed systems (2003)

Increase in the complexity of VLSI digital circuit design demands faster logic simulation techniques than those currently available. One of the ways of speeding up existing logic simulation algorithms is by exploiting the inherent parallelism in the sequential version. The authors explore the possibility of mapping a T-algorithm based logic simulation algorithm onto a cluster of workstations interconnected by an Ethernet. The set of gates at a particular level is partitioned by the master task (running on the host processor) among the slave tasks (running on the other processors). Each slave task evaluates the set of gates assigned to it, for the complete simulation period independent of other slave tasks and communicates the evaluated outputs to the master task. After receiving the evaluated output from all the slaves, the master task partitions the gates at the next level and communicates this new set of gates to the slave tasks. The above process is repeated for all the levels in the circuit. The details of the partitioning scheme and its performance are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Text Line Segmentation of Historical Arabic Documents (2007)

This paper presents a text line segmentation method for printed or handwritten historical Arabic documents. Documents are first classified into 2 classes using a K-means scheme. These classes correspond to document complexity (easy or not easy to segment). Then, a document which includes overlapping and touching characters, is divided into vertical strips. The extracted text blocks obtained by horizontal projection are classified into three categories: small, average and large text blocks. After segmenting the large text blocks, the lines are obtained by matching adjacent blocks within two successive strips using spatial relationship. The document without overlapping or touching characters is segmented by making abstraction on the segmentation module of the large text blocks. The text line segmentation method has a 96% accuracy on a collection of 100 historical documents
GAS PRESSURE BONDING (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGAS PRESSURE BONDINGE. S. Hodge, C. B. Boyer, and F. D. OrcuttCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1962, 54, 1, 31–35Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50625a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50625a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A new model for thermal channel noise of deep-submicron MOSFETs and its application in RF-CMOS design (2001)

In this paper, we present a simple analytical model for the thermal channel noise of deep-submicron MOS transistors including hot carrier effects. The model is verified by measurements and implemented in the standard BSIM3v3 SPICE model. We show that the consideration of this additional noise caused by hot carrier effects is essential for the correct simulation of the noise performance of a low noise amplifier in the gigahertz range.
Structural and Intracellular Proteins of the Nonoccluded Baculovirus HZ-1 (1983)

A plaque-purified isolate of the baculovirus HZ-1 was used to examine the kinetics of replication of this persistent, nonoccluded virus in TN-368 cells. Twenty-eight virus structural proteins ranging in molecular weight from 153,000 to 14,000 were identified. Fourteen of these proteins were found to be glycosylated. The sequence of appearance of the 37 virus-induced intracellular polypeptides was determined by pulse-labeling with [(35)S]methionine. N-[(3)H]acetylglucosamine, [(3)H]mannose, and the glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin were used to detect virus structural glycoproteins. Post-transcriptional modification of two virus-induced proteins was detected.
Info Navigator: A visualization tool for document searching and browsing (2003)

In this paper we investigate the retrieval performance of monophonic and polyphonic queries made on a polyphonic music database. We extend the n-gram approach for full-music indexing of monophonic music data to polyphonic music using both rhythm and pitch information. We define an experimental framework for a comparative and fault-tolerance study of various n-gramming strategies and encoding levels. For monophonic queries, we focus in particular on query-by-humming systems, and for polyphonic queries on query-by-example. Error models addressed in several studies are surveyed for the fault-tolerance study. Our experiments show that different n-gramming strategies and encoding precision differ widely in their effectiveness. We present the results of our study on a collection of 6366 polyphonic MIDI-encoded music pieces.
Green Approach to the Design of Functionalized Medicinally Privileged 4‐Aryl‐1,4‐dihydropyrano[2,3‐<i>c</i>]‐pyrazole‐5‐carbonitrile Scaffold (2013)

“On water” multicomponent condensation of aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile, and 3‐methyl‐2‐pyrazoline‐5‐one in the presence of sodium hydroxide as catalyst leads to 6‐amino‐3‐methyl‐4‐aryl‐1,4‐dihydropyrano[2,3‐ c ]pyrazole‐5‐carbonitriles in 85–98% yields.
Studies on infant diarrhea. I. A comparison of the effects of milk feeding and intravenous therapy upon the composition and volume of the stool and urine. (1966)

This study reproduced in a group of infants with acute diarrhea the conditions under which systemic acidosis usually ensues in infantile diarrheal disease. These conditions were achieved in order to assess changes in stool composition and the influence of milk intake on the composition of the stools and on the acid-base equilibrium; these changes were compared with similar observations during fasting and intravenous therapy. Also specific challenges with individual sugars were done in some patients and the changes induced in stool composition were studied. 9 infants were studied during consecutive periods of milk feeding and intravenous therapy. During milk administration the stools were abundant and markedly acidic and contained large quantities of lactate and other organic acids of low pKa. With fasting all parameters decreased significantly. When sugar loads were administered orally increased fecal excretion of carbohydrate occurred along with compositional changes qualitatively identical to those observed after milk ingestion. It is concluded that the high lactate content and high content of other inorganic anions in diarrheal stools in infants are related to carbohydrate ingestion. Therefore increased fecal excretion of endogenously produced organic acid anions in their neutralized dissociated form probably has a role in the genesis of the metabolic acidosis found in diarrhea.
MERCAPTANS AND DISULFIDES: SOME PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, AND SPECULATION (1954)

to provide information about what needs to be measured, and which chemistry needs to be clarified. A major application of these thermodynamic data will be for chemical equilibrium modeling and for construction of potential-pH diagrams for aqueous solutions. Unfortunately, the present lack of data precludes such calculations for complexing aqueous media. The situation is much better for noncomplexing aqueous media, but the chemistry and thermodynamics of cationic Tc(V) species and hydrolyzed Tc(III) species are poorly understood. 240 references, 6 tables.
Medulloblastoma: Clinical and biologic aspects (1999)

Neuro-OncologyMedulloblastoma is the most common childhood primary CNS tumor, and treatment approaches have evolved over the past three decades.The biologic underpinnings of medulloblastoma are not fully characterized, but recent work has identi ed new, important directions for research.Strati cation of patients with medulloblastoma into risk groups is the backbone of most ongoing therapeutic studies.Patients are usually characterized as being either average risk or poor risk, although an intermediate risk group may exist.Standard treatment for older children with medulloblastoma consists of radiation and, for most, chemotherapy.Children with nondisseminated disease at the time of diagnosis have been reported to have as high as an 80% ve-year disease-free survival rate after treatment with reduced dose (2340 cGy) craniospinal irradiation, local boost radiation therapy (5500 cGy), and chemotherapy, given during and after radiation therapy.Preradiation chemotherapy has yet to be shown to be of bene t for children with medulloblastoma.Children with disseminated disease are a highly problematic subgroup of patients to treat.A variety of new approaches are being studied, most of which are intensifying chemotherapy either prior to or after radiation.Long-term survivors of medulloblastoma are at signi cant risk for permanent endocrinologic, cognitive, and psychological sequelae.Infants and very young children with medulloblastoma remain a dif cult therapeutic challenge because they have the most virulent form of the disease and are at highest risk for treatment-related sequelae.
Effect of Long-Term Electrical Stimulation of Rabbit Fast Muscles on the Reactivity of Their Supplying Arteries (1992)

Rabbit fast hindlimb muscle (tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus and peroneal muscles) were stimulated for 14 days, 8 h/day using implanted electrodes, with two different frequencies of stimulation (continuous at 10 Hz or 3 bursts/min at 40 Hz) giving the same total number of stimuli. Both patterns of stimulation resulted in a different pattern of flow and perfusion pressure, with lowered perfusion pressure during contractions in muscles stimulated at 10 Hz and intermittent increase during the peak of tetanic contractions in muscle stimulated at 40 Hz. The arteries supplying the stimulated muscle (anterior tibial artery) were then tested for reactivity to noradrenaline in vitro. Maximal tension developed by control arteries (supplying the contralateral nonstimulated muscles) was 18 +/- 1.4 g/mg dry weight in response to 10(-5) M noradrenaline. Arteries supplying muscle stimulated at 10 Hz showed a significant increase of the maximal response (22 +/- 1.5 g/mg) with the same dose. Arteries supplying muscles that had been stimulated at 40 Hz showed decreased response with maximal tension 9.1 +/- 1.2 g/mg. Noradrenaline uptake and clearance showed similar values in control vessels and those stimulated at either frequency. Thus, long-term stimulation of skeletal muscles can modify the reactivity of supplying arteries; the response varied with the pattern of contractions and may be explained by a different pattern of flow changes.
A Witness For/From Life: Writing Feminist Theology as an Act of Resisting Violence–Responses to<i>Proverbs of Ashes: Violence, Redemptive Suffering, and the Search for What Saves Us</i> (2002)

(2002). A Witness For/From Life: Writing Feminist Theology as an Act of Resisting Violence–Responses to Proverbs of Ashes: Violence, Redemptive Suffering, and the Search for What Saves Us. Journal of Religion & Abuse: Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 69-96.
DNA Mismatch Repair in Plants (An Arabidopsis thaliana Gene That Predicts a Protein Belonging to the MSH2 Subfamily of Eukaryotic MutS Homologs) (1997)

Sets of degenerate oligomers corresponding to highly conserved domains of MutS-homolog (MSH) mismatch-repair proteins primed polymerase chain reaction amplification of two Arabidopsis thaliana DNA fragments that are homologous to eukaryotic MSH-like genes. Phylogenetic analysis places one complete gene, designated atMSH2, in the evolutionarily distinct MSH2 subfamily.
Only One Protomer Is Active in the Dimer of SARS 3C-like Proteinase (2006)

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 3C-like protease has been proposed to be a key target for structurally based drug design against SARS. The enzyme exists as a mixture of dimer and monomer, and only the dimer was considered to be active. In this report, we have investigated, using molecular dynamics simulation and mutational studies, the problems as to why only the dimer is active and whether both of the two protomers in the dimer are active. The molecular dynamics simulations show that the monomers are always inactive, that the two protomers in the dimer are asymmetric, and that only one protomer is active at a time. The enzyme activity of the hybrid severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 3C-like protease of the wild-type protein and the inactive mutant proves that the dimerization is important for enzyme activity and only one active protomer in the dimer is enough for the catalysis. Our simulations also show that the right conformation for catalysis in one protomer can be induced upon dimer formation. These results suggest that the enzyme may follow the association, activation, catalysis, and dissociation mechanism for activity control.
A proposal for a computer compiler (1966)

In recent years digital computers have been applied, with great success, to the automation of an increasing variety of tasks in the design of digital systems, from the printing of wiring tables and the drawing of logical diagrams to the optimization, according to certain criteria, of the layout of components and wiring, and even the actual computer-controlled production of subassemblies such as printed circuit boards or integrated circuits. Similarly, the design of circuits, especially those involving nonlinear elements, has been made easier by computer programs (e.g., which perform tolerance analyses). On the system level, the use of digital computers has been limited to tasks which are equally mechanical, such as programs which check for violations of fan-in, fan-out, and cascading rules.
Development of Potentiometric Urea Biosensor based on Canavalia ensiformis Urease (2011)

The increasing number of potentially harmful pollutants in the environment calls for fast and cost-effective analytical techniques to be used in extensive monitoring programs. Additionally, over the last few years, a growing number of initiatives and legislative actions for environmental pollution control have been adopted in parallel with increasing scientific and social concern in this area (Rogers & Gerlach, 1996; Rodriguez-Mozaz et al., 2004; Rodriguez-Mozaz et al., 2005; Rogers, 2006). Nitrogen compounds are pollutant found in several industrial effluents, being its determination of extreme environmental importance. Several methods are used to urea determination, including spectrophotometry, fluorimetry, potentiometry and amperometry. But some of these require a pretreatment or are unsuitable for monitoring in situ. For this reason there has been growing interest in the development of biosensors for these determinations. The requirements for application of most traditional analytical methods to environmental pollutants analysis, often constitute an important impediment for their application on a regular basis. The need for disposable systems or tools for environmental applications, in particular for environmental monitoring, has encouraged the development of new technologies and more suitable methodologies. In this context, biosensors appear as a suitable alternative or as a complementary analytical tool. Biosensors can be considered as a subgroup of chemical sensors in which a biological mechanism is used for analyte detection (Rogers & Gerlach, 1996; Rodriguez-Mozaz et al., 2005; Rogers, 2006). A biosensor (Figure 1) is defined by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) as a self-contained integrated device that is capable of providing specific quantitative or semi-quantitative analytical information using a biological recognition element (biochemical receptor), which is retained in contact direct spatial with a transduction element (Thevenot et al., 1999). Biosensing systems and methods are being developed as suitable tools for different applications, including bioprocess control, food quality control, agriculture, environment, military and in particular, for medical applications. The main classes of bioreceptor elements that are applied in environmental
Influences of δ -doping time and spacer thickness on the mobility and two-dimensional electron gas concentration in δ -doped GaAs/InGaAs/GaAs pseudomorphic heterostructures (1994)

A series of GaAs/In0.25Ga0.75As/GaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) was grown by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The respective influences of δ-doping time and spacer thickness on the two-dimensional electron gas concentrations and the mobilities were studied. The maximum mobilities, μ=5600 and 22 000 cm2/V s at 300 and 77 K, respectively, appeared at a spacer thickness of 100 Å with a δ-doping time of 0.2 min. A δ-doped GaAs/In0.25Ga0.75As/GaAs pseudomorphic HEMT with the above parameters was fabricated. This device revealed high saturation current density of 350 mA/mm, transconductance of 95 mS/mm, and broad maximum transconductance region of 2.5 V with geometry of 2×100 μm2 at room temperature. In addition, very high breakdown voltage (26 V) and low leakage current (≤2 μA at −26 V) were achieved.
Denaturation and renaturation of a beta-1,6;1,3-glucan, lentinan, associated with expression of T-cell-mediated responses. (1988)

Correlation between the higher structure and biological functions of lentinan, a beta-1,6;1,3-glucan capable of potentiating T- and non-T-cell-mediated responses, were investigated by measurements of optical rotation and some biological responses. The addition of urea or dimethyl sulfoxide decreased specific rotation at 589 nm, [alpha]D, of lentinan in a concentration-dependent manner and the removal of these denaturants resulted in the recovery of [alpha]D values. Measurements of optical rotatory dispersion in the spectral region between 600 and 200 nm showed the change in the higher structure of lentinan more clearly. Denaturation and renaturation of lentinan using urea and dimethyl sulfoxide were associated with the decrease and the recovery of antitumor activity against P-815 mastocytoma and vascular dilation and hemorrhage-inducing activity, found to be T-cell-mediated responses. Lentinan was also denatured by NaOH and the transition of [alpha]D values and optical rotatory dispersion curves were seen in the manner of two concentration-dependent phases. Removal of NaOH led to the recovery of optical rotation of lentinan and its antitumor and vascular dilation and hemorrhage-inducing activity. However, recovery of these bioactivities was more difficult in the case of the higher concentrations of NaOH above 2% than the lower ones. During the process of renaturation of lentinan, random aggregation may take place. An increase of serum acute phase proteins, a non-T-cell-mediated response caused by lentinan, was not affected by the change of the higher structure of lentinan.
Influence of Temperature, Inoculation Interval, and Dosage on Biofumigation with<i>Muscodor albus</i>to Control Postharvest Gray Mold on Grapes (2006)

Control of postharvest gray mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea, on Thompson Seedless grape by biofumigation with a rye grain formulation of Muscodor albus, a fungus that produces volatiles lethal to many microorganisms, was evaluated. The influences of temperature, biofumigant dosage, and interval between inoculation and treatment on disease incidence and severity on detached single berries were assessed. When biofumigation began within 24 h after inoculation, higher M. albus dosages (≥50 g of the M. albus grain formulation per kilogram of grapes at 20°C or 100 g/kg at 5°C) stopped infections and control persisted after M. albus removal. Biofumigation was more effective at 20 than 5°C. Among inoculated clusters inside clamshell boxes incubated for 7 days at 15°C, gray mold incidence was reduced from 20.2% among untreated grape fruit to less than 1%, when ≥5 g of the formulation per kilogram of grapes was added. Among grape berries commercially packaged in ventilated polyethylene cluster bags incubated for 7 days at 15°C, gray mold incidence was 40.5% among untreated fruit and 11.1 or 6.7% when the formulation at 5 or 20 g/kg, respectively, had been added. In the same packaging, among grape berries incubated for 28 days at 0.5°C, gray mold incidence was 42.8% among untreated fruit and 4.8 or 4.0% when the formulation at 5 or 10 g/kg, respectively, had been added. Lower dosages (≤20 g/kg) suppressed disease development while M. albus was present; however, after their removal, B. cinerea resumed growth and gray mold incidence increased. Placement of M. albus inside grape packages significantly controlled gray mold and may be a feasible approach to manage postharvest decay of table grape.
Surface recombination current in InGaP/GaAs heterostructure-emitter bipolar transistors (1994)

The behavior of the surface recombination current was examined in InGaP/GaAs heterostructure-emitter bipolar transistors (HEBT's) with both exposed GaAs surface and InGaP passivated surface based on the emitter-size effect on current gain. The results indicate that the GaAs surface recombination current has a 1 kT-like dependence in the high current regime and a 2 kT-like dependence in the low current regime which is similar to published experimental results in AlGaAs/GaAs and InGaP/GaAs HBT's. The surface recombination current in devices with an InGaP passivation layer has an order of magnitude lower value in low current regime and more than two orders lower in high current regime than that in devices with exposed GaAs surface.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Restoration of Photographs Blurred by Image Motion (1967)

The blurring of photographs by image motion during exposure is studied by means of a simple model. Conditions under which it is possible to recover the unblurred image are determined and some methods of restoration are described.
BibMix: Enrichment of Citation Metadata Based on Integration of Bibliographic Data (2010)

A citation in an academic text provides the reader with exact publication information to uniquely identify and locate a scholarly resource for further study. In the domain of academic research, citations are a key part of linking discrete pieces of knowledge. As opposed to the natural language mostly used in academic texts, bibliographic applications are typically based on structured publication information and therefore usually rely on the quality and completeness of automatically extracted citation metadata. However, the results from automatic Citation Metadata Extraction approaches are often unreliable. Moreover, the extracted citation metadata is only a small part of the relevant metadata that is available spread across the internet. In this thesis, we propose an approach and a supporting software component capable of enriching citation metadata with relevant bibliographic data from sources on the web. For the evaluation of the approach, we have designed a quality measure to express the quality of enriched references as a number. Based on this measure we have assessed the quality of the enriched references of BibMix to be 0.72.