gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic localization of curvilinear object in 3D ultrasound images (2005)

Utilization of tools during surgical interventions sets the problem of their accurate localization within biological tissue. The ultrasound imaging represents an inexpensive and a flexible approach for a real-time image acquisition of tissue structure with metal instruments. There are several difficulties involving processing of ultrasound images: Their noisy nature makes the localization task difficult; the objects appear irregular and incomplete. Our task is to determine the position of a curvilinear electrode in biological tissue from a three-dimensional ultrasound image. Initially, the data are segmented by thresholding and processed with the randomized version of the RANSAC (R-RANSAC) algorithm. The curvilinear electrode is modeled by a three-dimensional cubic curve. Its shape is subject to check using a curvature measure in the hypothesis evaluation step of the R-RANSAC algorithm. Subsequently, we perform the least squares curve fitting to the data that have been marked by the R-RANSAC as the ones corresponding to the sought object. The position estimation is optimal with respect to the mean square criterion. Finally, the localization of the electrode tips is carried out by a hypothesis testing on the distances between projections of inliers on the estimated curve. The algorithm has been tested on real three-dimensional ultrasound images of a tissue mimicking phantom with a curvilinear object. From the results, we conclude that the method is very stable even if the data contain high percentage of outliers. The computational cost of the algorithm shows the possibility of real-time data processing.
Preparation of New Fluorine Containing 2-Phenylindole Derivatives as Antifertility Agents (1985)

Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302 004 <em>Manuscript received 9 April 1984, revised 22 January 1985, accepted 29 April 1985</em> New fluorine containing 2-(2<em>'</em>/4<em>'</em>-hydroxyphenyl)indoles (1) have been synthesised by Fischer indole synthesis. (1) reacts with <em>N,N</em>-dialkylaminoethyl chloride hydro­chloride to give baste ether residue in the 2/4-position of the 2-phenyl ring. Representa­tive compounds have been screened for antifertility activity at 10 mg/kg P.C. (oral).
One‐ and Two‐Dimensional Diffusion of Metal Atoms in Graphene (2008)

The migration of individual Au and Pt atoms in graphene layers (see image) is observed by high-resolution TEM. In situ experiments at 600–700 °C show that two-dimensional diffusion within the plane of the layer and the one-dimensional diffusion along the open edges occurs with activation energies of 2.3–2.5 eV. It is shown that metal atoms strongly interact with carbon in graphene.
Towards Advanced-fuel Fusion: Electron, Ion Energy >100 keV in a Dense Plasma (2002)

Controlled fusion with advanced fuels requires average electron and ion energies above 100 keV (equivalent to 1.1 billion K) in a dense plasma. We have met this requirement and demonstrated electron and ion energies over 100 keV in a compact and inexpensive dense plasma focus device. We have achieved this in plasma "hot spots" or plasmoids that, in our best results, had a density-confinement-time-energy product of 5.0 x1015 keVsec/cm3, a record for any fusion experiment. We measured the electron energies with an X-ray detector instrument that demonstrated conclusively that the hard X-rays were generated by the hot spots.
Blood culture bottles are superior to lysis-centrifugation tubes for bacteriological diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (1992)

The conventional method of ascitic fluid culturing was compared with the bedside inoculation of ascites into blood culture bottles and into lysis-centrifugation tubes. The conventional culture method was compared with the blood culture bottle method in 31 episodes of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). Cultures were positive with the conventional culture method in 11 (35%) episodes and with the blood culture bottle method in 26 (84%) episodes (P less than 0.001). The lysis-centrifugation tube method was compared with the blood culture bottle method in 24 episodes of SBP. Cultures were positive with the lysis-centrifugation tube method in 11 (46%) episodes and with the blood culture bottle method in 19 (79%) episodes (P less than 0.05). Moreover, the blood culture bottle method also shortened the time needed for the detection of bacterial growth. In conclusion, bedside inoculation of ascites into blood culture bottles should be used routinely for patients with suspected SBP. Culturing of ascites in lysis-centrifugation tubes is more laborious than and inferior to that in blood culture bottles.
Multiplication of influenza virus in the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. (1957)

When 40 million tumor cells were injected intraperitoneally into susceptible mice, a uniformly fatal outcome ensued in 14 days. The progress of the tumor was accompanied by an increase in the number of tumor cells, which reached a peak of 16 × 108 cells on the 11th day, and by a maximal volume on the 14th day of 19 ml. The number of cells/cu mm reached a peak of 25 × 104 cells on the 5th day and declined thereafter. The mitotic index was highest on the 1st day at 6.2 per cent. The concentration of nontumor cells approached 15 per cent the first 2 days, dropped to 6 per cent, and stayed at this level until the 14th day, when it returned to 15 per cent. The pH of the tumor fluid remained close to 7.0, but just before the animals died it rose to 7.5. The concentration of alpha-inhibitor increased moderately as the tumor developed, reaching a peak on the 9th day.

Concomitant with multiplication of the virus in the tumor there was a marked increase in the number of tumor cells destroyed and a rise in the pH of the tumor. Low levels of virus were found in the lungs and brains of normal as well as tumor-bearing mice, and the normal mice survived the infection. Death of the tumor-bearing mice ensued in 2–5 days after injection of virus. The cause of death was not investigated, but it may be related to the toxicity observed in connection with high concentrations of influenza virus. Alpha-inhibitor, although present in normal tumors, was not detectable in virus-infected tumors.
Haemodynamic heterogeneity and treatment with the calcium channel blocker nicardipine during phaeochromocytoma surgery (1998)

Adequate management of patients operated upon for phaeochromocytoma requires invasive monitoring, since the mechanisms underlying hypertensive crises are heterogeneous with regards to systemic vascular resistance and not predictable from preoperative data. Nicardipine provides a good control of vasoconstriction during phaeochromocytoma surgery with limited risk of serious hypotension after tumour removal.
Workstream, February 1991 (1991)

Newsletter issued by the Texas Governor's Committee for Disabled Persons discussing news, events, statistics, and other relevant information related to the employment, advocacy, and lives of Texans with disabilities.
Advanced-technology roof-bolt drill-bit development. Final report (1983)

Any improvement in coal- and rock-cutting tools which is to be utilized must result in an overall lower production cost per ton of the coal produced. This was of particular concern in this program since substitution of polycrystalline diamond cutters (PDC) for the presently used tungsten carbide incurs an increased cost. This increased cost must be offset by other savings. TRW Energy Systems Planning Division conducted an economic analysis to predict coal-production costs for three base-case mining scenarios. These results indicate that a PDC roof bolt drill bit costing $150.00 must have an expected life of 300 ft (compared to 2 ft for the conventional bit costing $5.00). Several materials were considered for cutters; however, most of the evaluation was conducted using the GE STRATAPAX. Two basic configurations, a wing bit and a center vacuum bit, were designed. Testing was conducted both in the laboratory (under controlled conditions) and in underground mines. After several design iterations, bits were developed which successfully met all objectives. The PDC bits dirlled significantly further, must faster, and with much less thrust. One important fact discovered was that much of the success of the bit was a result of the bit body geometry. Tests ofmore » carbide cutters of the same geometry on Sandia designed bits showed almost as high performance as the PDC. No life tests were done using the carbide cutters, but it is believed that no significant improvement in bit life compared to a conventional bit could be expected. The cost, however, of a carbide cutter bit in the new body geometry should be no more than that of a conventional bit. Thus, for the cost and lifetime characteristics of a conventional bit, a performance (drilling rate, thrust, and torque) similar to that of a PDC bit is possible.« less
Phosphorylation by Neuronal cdc2-like Protein Kinase Promotes Dimerization of Tau Protein in Vitro (1997)

In Alzheimer's disease, the microtubule-associated protein tau forms paired helical filaments (PHFs) that are the major structural component of neurofibrillary tangles. Although tau isolated from PHFs (PHF-tau) is abnormally phosphorylated, the role of this abnormal phosphorylation in PHF assembly is not known. Previously, neuronal cdc2-like protein kinase (NCLK) was shown to phosphorylate tau on sites that are abnormally phosphorylated in PHF-tau (Paudel, H. K., Lew, J., Ali, Z., and Wang, J. H. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 23512-23518). In this study, phosphorylation by NCLK was found to promote dimerization of recombinant human tau (R-tau) and brain tau (B-tau) purified from brain extract. Chemical cross-linking by disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS), a homobifunctional chemical cross-linker that specifically cross-linked R-tau dimers, and a Superose 12 gel filtration chromatography revealed that R-tau preparations contain mixtures of monomeric and dimeric R-tau species. When the structure of NCLK-phosphorylated R-tau was studied by a similar approach, DSS preferentially cross-linked the phosphorylated R-tau over the nonphosphorylated R-tau, and the phosphorylated R-tau eluted as a dimeric species from the gel filtration column. Phosphorylated R-tau became resistant to DSS upon dephosphorylation and was recovered as a monomeric species from the gel filtration column. In the presence of a low concentration of dithiothreitol (1.65 microM), R-tau formed disulfide cross-linked R-tau dimers. When compared, phosphorylated R-tau formed more disulfide cross-linked dimers than the nonphosphorylated R-tau. B-tau also was specifically cross-linked to dimers by DSS. When B-tau and NCLK-phosphorylated B-tau were treated with DSS, phosphorylated B-tau was preferentially cross-linked over nonphosphorylated counterpart. Taken together, these results suggest that phosphorylation by NCLK promotes dimerization and formation of disulfide cross-linked tau dimers, which is suggested to be the key step leading to PHF assembly (Schweers, O., Mandelkow, E.-M., Biernat, J., and Mandelkow, E. (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 92, 8463-8467).
22 dB gain semiconductor optical amplifier module using high numerical aperture aspheric lenses (1992)

A polarisation-insensitive semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) module with a net gain of 22 dB is demonstrated. High numerical aperture, low aberration aspheric glass moulded lenses are efficiently used for optical coupling between the SOA chip and singlemode fibres.
An efficient and reproducible Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method for hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (2019)

We reported here a high-throughput, highly efficient and repeatable transformation system for wheat and this system has been used successfully to introduce genes of interest, for RNAi, over-expression and for CRISPR-Cas9 based genome editing.
Comparison of brain slice chamber designs for investigations of oxygen deprivation in vitro (1998)

We have systematically compared anoxia-induced effects in the CA1 stratum pyramidale of rat hippocampal slices maintained in Haas-type interface, and fully-submerged recording chambers to determine whether heterogeneous responses occur in response to oxygen deprivation, between these brain slice chambers. Extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]e), extracellular d.c. potential, and synaptically-evoked field potentials were measured using a K+-selective microelectrode. In slices maintained in the interface chamber, anoxia resulted in a dramatic disturbance of K homeostasis; during the first approximately 3 min of anoxia, [K+]e increased to ca. 5 mM and synaptic transmission was abolished. Thereafter, [K+]e increased explosively to ca. 35 mM, and a negative shift in the extracellular d.c. potential occurred. In slices maintained fully-submerged, even prolonged anoxia (60 min) caused only a very modest increase in [K+]e to ca. 5 mM and a negative shift in the extracellular potential never occurred. However, when glucose deprivation was combined with anoxia, both a dramatic increase in [K+]e and a negative shift in the d.c. potential were observed. We conclude that major differences exist in the degree of disruption of ionic homeostasis by anoxia in rat hippocampal slices when they are maintained at a gas-liquid interface, compared to when they are completely immersed. Possible factors underlying this difference include heterogeneous rates of glucose diffusion into the tissue slices, and washout from the extracellular space of accumulating substances such as K+ by the perfusing artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF). The changes observed in the interface chamber may more closely replicate the dramatic disturbance of K+ homeostasis that is commonly observed in rodent brain in response to anoxia in vivo.
Photosynthetic energy conversion: natural and artificial (2008)

Photosystem II (PSII) is the water splitting enzyme of photosynthesis. Its appearance during evolution dramatically changed the chemical composition of our planet and set in motion an unprecedented explosion in biological activity. Powered by sunlight, PSII supplies biology with the 'hydrogen' needed to convert carbon dioxide into organic molecules. The questions now are can we continue to exploit this photosynthetic process through increased use of biomass as an energy source and, more importantly, can we address the energy/CO2 problem by developing new photochemical technologies which mimic the natural system? (Critical review, 82 references).
Neuroprotective efficiency of NMDA receptor blockade in the striatum and CA3 hippocampus after various durations of cerebral ischemia in gerbils (2011)

The purpose of this study was to investigate neuroprotective efficiency of N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NMDAR) blockade on the neuronal damage in the less studied and allegedly less affected CA3 hippocampus and striatum in the Mongolian gerbil model of global cerebral ischemia. The common carotid arteries of gerbils were occluded for 5, 10 or 15 minutes. Gerbils were given a low dose of non-competitive NMDA antagonist (MK-801, 3 mg/kg i.p.) or saline immediately after the occlusion in normothermic conditions. Neuronal damage was examined on 4th, 14th and 28th day after reperfusion. The effect of NMDAR blockade was followed in vivo by monitoring the neurological status of whole animals or at the cellular level by standard light- and confocal microscopy on brain slices. Increased duration of cerebral ischemia resulted in a progressive loss of striatal and CA3 hippocampal neurons. The most beneficial NMDAR blockade effect was observed when the neuronal damage was most severe - on the 28th day after 15-min ischemia. As judged by morphological and neurological data, the effect of ischemia is also apparent in the presumed less vulnerable regions (CA3 and striatum) which are functionally important in stroke plasticity. So, NMDAR blockade in normothermic conditions showed neuroprotective efficiency.
Partial-match retrieval using indexed descriptor files (1980)

In this paper we describe a practical method of partial-match retrieval in very large data files. A binary code word, called a descriptor, is associated with each record of the file. These record descriptors are then used to form a derived descriptor for a block of several records, which will serve as an index for the block as a whole; hence, the name “indexed descriptor files.” First the structure of these files is described and a simple, efficient retrieval algorithm is presented. Then its expected behavior, in terms of storage accesses, is analyzed in detail. Two different file creation procedures are sketched, and a number of ways in which the file organization can be “tuned” to a particular application are suggested.
Contemporary Gas-Solid Chromatography (1966)

Journal Article Contemporary Gas-Solid Chromatography Get access C. G. Scott C. G. Scott Lobitos Oilfields Ltd., Cheshire, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Chromatographic Science, Volume 4, Issue 1, January 1966, Pages 4–7, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/4.1.4 Published: 01 January 1966 Article history Received: 17 December 1965 Published: 01 January 1966
System lifetime optimization for heterogeneous sensor networks with a hub-spoke technology (2004)

As a specific area of sensor networks, wireless in-home sensor networks differ from general sensor networks in that the network has nodes with heterogeneous resources and dissimilar mobility attributes. For example, sensor with different radio coverage, energy capacity, and processing capabilities are deployed, and some of the sensors are mobile and others are fixed in position. The architecture and routing protocol for this type of heterogeneous sensor networks must be based on the resources and characteristics of their member nodes. In addition, the sole stress on energy efficiency for performance measurement is not sufficient. System lifetime is more important in this case. We propose a hub-spoke network topology that is adaptively formed according to the resources of its members. A protocol named resource oriented protocol (ROP) was developed to build the network topology. This protocol principally divides the network operation into two phases. In the topology formation phase, nodes report their available resource characteristics, based on which network architecture is optimally built. We stress that due to the existence of nodes with limitless resources, a top-down appointment process can build the architecture with minimum resource consumption of ordinary nodes. In the topology update phase, mobile sensors and isolated sensors are accepted into the network with an optimal balance of resources. To avoid overhead of periodic route updates, we use a reactive strategy to maintain route cache. Simulation results show that the hub-spoke topology built by ROP can achieve much longer system lifetime.
Evaluation of the BRAIN Candidate Mobility Management Protocol (2001)

In the context of the research in the IST project BRAIN, an in-depth study of the problem of IP mobility within the access network was performed. Mobility management was broken down to individual issues, which were separately analysed. Requirements, design goals, and recommendations for an ideal solution were proposed. Various existing proposals were considered against these requirements as a possible solution for the BRAIN access network. The outcome of this research activity was the proposal of a new IP mobility management protocol as a candidate solution for the BRAIN networks. This paper will present the functionalities of this BRAIN Candidate Mobility Protocol (BCMP). Furthermore the protocol was simulated, thus proving the correctness of its operation and its performance is evaluated through simulations. This paper will present qualitative and quantitative results of these simulations.
Improved size and effort estimation models for software maintenance (2010)

This paper provides a brief description of our study proposing improvements to the COCOMO models for estimating maintenance size and effort. The proposed size and effort models take into account characteristics of software maintenance that have not been addressed in the current COCOMO models. We found that the proposed models potentially improve the estimation accuracies of software maintenance projects.
Localization of the Novel Neuropolypeptide h<sub>3</sub> in Subsets of Tissues from Different Species (1988)

Recently we reported the isolation and partial biochemical characterization of a novel polypeptide, h3, from the human brain and liver. Thin-layer isoelectric focusing showed that the polypeptide was ubiquitously distributed throughout the human brain. Immunophosphatase transfer electrophoresis showed that this protein was localized in several mammalian species and different tissues. In addition, h3 or h3-like protein was demonstrated in subsets of tissues from one avian species. Protein h3 was present in epithelial and muscular tissue, as well as in nervous tissue; however, for all species investigated, it was most abundant in CNS and muscle.
Constrained Optimization with Genetic Algorithm: Improving Profitability of Targeted Marketing (2010)

Direct marketing forecasting models have focused on estimating the response probabilities of consumer purchases and neglected the profitability of customers. This study proposes a method of constrained optimization using genetic algorithm to maximize the profitability at the top deciles of a customer list. We apply this method to a direct marketing dataset using tenfold cross validation. The results from this method compare favorably with the unconstrained model and that of the DMAX model. The method of constrained optimization has distinctive advantages in augmenting the profitability of direct marketing campaigns. We explore the implications for targeted marketing problems and for assisting management decision-making and augmenting profitability of direct marketing.
Local solutions to a class of Monge-Ampère equations of mixed type (2007)

In this article, we study a class of Monge-Ampère equations of mixed type which is elliptic in one side of a hypersurface and hyperbolic in another side. The degeneracy along the hypersurface is allowed to be at arbitrary, even infinite, order. The linearized equation is also of mixed type and includes the high-dimensional Tricomi equation as a special case. We establish the existence of sufficiently smooth local solutions to the Monge-Ampère equations via Nash-Moser iteration
Onboard system for flight control of a small UAV (2012)

In this paper, we present the design of an autopilot embedded system applied to control a four rotor mini helicopter, called X4-flyer. The main goal is to achieve a stable flight, controlling the vehicle attitude; this is done using two control strategies: a linear PD control and nonlinear nested saturations control. The onboard system uses a simplified parallel processing architecture and the main processor performs a multitasking program to handle the data acquisition, control law computation, and actuators correction to get the desired set point. Real time experiments show that the autopilot is a platform relievable with low cost components.