gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the deorthogonalization of ODS-CDMA 4-PSK in frequency-nonselective shadowed Rician fading (2002)

Using a conventional demodulator, a sufficient condition to maintain orthogonal direct sequence-code-division multiple access (ODS-CDMA) codeword orthogonality is constant relative channel amplitude over the codeword duration. Fading produces a fluctuating amplitude that deorthogonalizes the codewords, resulting in an additional noise similar to the multiaccess interference (MAI) found in asynchronous DS-CDMA. For ODS-CDMA 4-PSK in a frequency-nonselective, shadowed Rician fading channel, we derive and evaluate: (i) an exact expression for the uncoded bit error probability, and (ii) an upper bound for the convolutionally-coded bit error probability. We find that the degradation to BER depends on both the fading parameters and the ODS-CDMA channel loading.
Insect Population Control by Homing Endonuclease-Based Gene Drive: An Evaluation in<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (2011)

Insects play a major role as vectors of human disease as well as causing significant agricultural losses. Harnessing the activity of customized homing endonuclease genes (HEGs) has been proposed as a method for spreading deleterious mutations through populations with a view to controlling disease vectors. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of this method in Drosophila melanogaster, utilizing the well-characterized HEG, I-SceI. In particular, we show that high rates of homing can be achieved within spermatogonia and in the female germline. We show that homed constructs continue to exhibit HEG activity in the subsequent generation and that the ectopic homing events required for initiating the strategy occur at an acceptable rate. We conclude that the requirements for successful deployment of a HEG-based gene drive strategy can be satisfied in a model dipteran and that there is a reasonable prospect of the method working in other dipterans. In characterizing the system we measured repair outcomes at the spermatogonial, spermatocyte, and spermatid stages of spermatogenesis. We show that homologous recombination is restricted to spermatogonia and that it immediately ceases when they become primary spermatocytes, indicating that the choice of DNA repair pathway in the Drosophila testis can switch abruptly during differentiation.
Ertapenem, the first of a new group of carbapenems (2003)

β-Lactam antimicrobials have been widely prescribed to treat serious infections for nearly 60 years owing to their excellent efficacy, safety and tolerability profiles. Among the many different structurally dis- tinct classes of β-lactams, the carbapenem class, while sharing these general β-lactam features, is regarded as the class that is most potent and that has the widest spectrum of antimicrobial activity. At the time that the carbapenems were last reviewed in this journal, 1 imipenem and meropenem were the only carbapenems that were available in the majority of the world. Since then ertapenem (formerly MK-0826), a new long-acting, parenteral carbapenem (Figure 1), has received regulatory approval in the United States (November 2001) and the European Union (April 2002). The introduction of ertapenem should make us reconsider how we think of the carbapenems. Ertapenem is sufficiently different in some key attributes from imipenem and meropenem that we can no longer consider all available carbapenems as if they were a homogeneous class. In order to consider the appropriate role of ertapenem in the current antimicrobial armamentarium, this article reviews the key attributes of ertapenem and the other carbapenems and proposes a classification scheme for the carbapenem class; imipenem and mero- penem will be discussed first. 1,2
Salinomycin induces cell death via inactivation of Stat3 and downregulation of Skp2 (2013)

Salinomycin has been shown to control breast cancer stem cells, although the mechanisms underlying its anticancer effects are not clear. Deregulation of cell cycle regulators play critical roles in tumorigenesis, and they have been considered as anticancer targets. In this study, we investigated salinomycin effect on cell cycle progression using OVCAR-8 ovarian cancer cell line and multidrug-resistant NCI/ADR-RES and DXR cell lines that are derived from OVCAR-8. Parental OVCAR-8 cells are sensitive to several anticancer drugs, but NCI/ADR-RES and DXR cells are resistant to several anticancer drugs. However, salinomycin caused cell growth inhibition and apoptosis via cell cycle arrest at G1 in all three cell lines. Salinomycin inhibited signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) activity and thus decreased expression of Stat3-target genes, including cyclin D1, Skp2, and survivin. Salinomycin induced degradation of Skp2 and thus accumulated p27Kip1. Knockdown of Skp2 further increased salinomycin-induced G1 arrest, but knockdown of p27Kip1 attenuated salinomycin effect on G1 arrest. Cdh1, an E3 ligase for Skp2, was shifted to nuclear fractions upon salinomycin treatment. Cdh1 knockdown by siRNA reversed salinomycin-induced Skp2 downregulation and p27Kip1 upregulation, indicating that salinomycin activates the APC(Cdh1)-Skp2-p27Kip1 pathway. Concomitantly, si-Cdh1 inhibited salinomycin-induced G1 arrest. Taken together, our data indicate that salinomycin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via downregulation or inactivation of cell cycle-associated oncogenes, such as Stat3, cyclin D1, and Skp2, regardless of multidrug resistance.
Triplet excited state of diiodoBOPHY derivatives: preparation, study of photophysical properties and application in triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion (2016)

A pyrrole-BF<sub>2</sub>-based chromophore (BOPHY) was used for the preparation of triplet photosensitizers and the photophysical properties were studied using transient absorption spectroscopy.
Folgen der Bindung des mitgliedstaatlichen strafgesetzgebers an die europäischen regelungen und das verhältnismäßigkeitsprinzip (2008)

The article deals with several observations concerning the phenomenon of the Europeanisation of criminal law in the EU Member
States. It particularly examines the implications that result from the national legislator's commitment to respect both the
European regulations and the principle of proportionality as well as further fundamental principles of criminal law. First of all,
this paper describes the normative instruments that allow the European Community and the European Union to influence the
criminal law of its Member States. Afterwards, the modifications of the §§ 232, 233 of the German Penal Code, which implement
the Council Framework Decision of 19 July 2002 on combating trafficking in human beings, are analysed. In this case, although
the German legislator has fulfilled its European compromises, the principle of proportionality was not respected and therefore
inconsistencies were established in the German criminal law: this case is an example of unsatisfactory implementation of
European regulations. On the basis of the results of this analysis, the paper formulates proposals for a reasonable „Europeanisation”
of criminal law in the EU Member States and in particular for an adequate methodology of legislation. In this context,
the article emphasises the co-responsibility of the European Community / European Union on the one hand and the Member
States on the other hand for this “Europeanisation process”. The work concludes with observations regarding the coordination
of European and national criminal law policy.
The Role of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux as a Risk Factor in Laryngeal Cancer: A Preliminary Report (2011)

The pathologic LPR might be a possible risk factor in the development of laryngeal cancer. A further study should be necessary to verify the exact role of LPR in laryngeal cancer.
A secure authentication system based on variable-length codes (2010)

This paper proposes an authentication protocol between two parties. The protocol uses a shared secret key, representing a large variable-length code and a lookup table representing a permutation. The authenticating parties exchange randomly generated messages. Both challenge and response messages consist of multiple codewords from the code, and these messages are each truncated to a fixed number of symbols. The actual information to be recovered by the respondent are the codeword lengths used in the challenge message. These lengths are re-encoded to different lengths via the lookup table, and randomly chosen codewords with these re-encoded lengths are used in the response.
PLM: fast convergence for cumulative layered multicast transmission schemes (extended version) (2000)

A major challenge in the Internet is to deliver live audio/video content with a good quality and to transfer files to large number of heterogeneous receivers. Multicast and cumulative layered transmission are two mechanisms of interest to accomplish this task efficiently. However, protocols using these mechanisms suffer from slow convergence time, lack of inter-protocol fairness or TCP-fairness, and loss induced by the join experiments. In this paper we define and investigate the properties of a new multicast congestion control protocol (called PLM) for audio/video and file transfer applications based on a cumulative layered multicast transmission. A fundamental contribution of this paper is the introduction and evaluation of a new and efficient technique based on packet pair to infer which layers to join. We evaluated PLM for a large variety of scenarios and show that it converges fast to the optimal link utilization, induces no loss to track the available bandwidth, has inter-protocol fairness and TCPfairness, and scales with the number of receivers and the number of sessions. Moreover, all these properties hold in self similar and multifractal environment.
NONSTOICHIOMETRIC COMPOUNDS (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNONSTOICHIOMETRIC COMPOUNDSCite this: Anal. Chem. 1964, 36, 11, 42APublication Date (Print):October 1, 1964Publication History Published online18 May 2012Published inissue 1 October 1964https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60217a739RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views16Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (80 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Direct recordings of the temperatures in the tracheobronchial tree in normal man. (1982)

In an effect to determine how far inspired air could penetrate into the respiratory tract before being brought to body conditions, we measured the temperature in the airways of the anterior basilar segment of the right lower lobe in five normal subjects while they breathed air at subfreezing and ambient conditions. During quiet breathing, most of the heating of the incoming gas took place in the upper airways as expected. However, as the thermal burden was increased by rapid inspirations, frigid air, and hyperventilation, the temperature of the distal airways progressively fell and the point at which the incoming air reached body conditions moved deep into the periphery of the lung. These findings demonstrate that heat and water transfer is not localized to one region, but rather is a continuous process that begins the moment the air enters the body and involves as much of the respiratory tract as necessary to complete the task.
Static vision based Hand Gesture recognition using principal component analysis (2015)

Gesture recognition turns up to be important field in the recent years. Communication through gestures has been used since early ages not only by physically challenged persons hut nowadays for many other applications. Interacting with physical world using expressive body movements is much easier and effective than just speaking As most predominantly hand is used to perform gestures. Hand Gesture Recognition have been widely accepted for numerous applications such as human computer interactions, robotics, sign language recognition, etc Hand Gesture recognition techniques are basically divided into vision based and sensor based techniques. This paper focuses on vision based hand gesture recognition system by proposing a scheme using a database-driven hand gesture recognition based upon skin color model approach and thresholding approach along with an effective template matching using PCA. Initially, hand region is segmented by applying skin color model in YCbCr color space. In the next stage otsuthresholding is applied to separate foreground and background. Finally, template based matching technique is developed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for recognition. The system is tested with 4 gestures with 5 different poses per gesture from 4 subjects making 20 images per gesture and shows 91.25% average accuracy and 0.098251 seconds average recognition time and finally confusion matrix is drawn.
Paving the information superhighway's last mile (1998)

Internet access speeds have increased dramatically. Carriers have been upgrading the Internet backbone so it can handle Gbits-per-second data transmission rates, and users have seen their computer processing speeds grow exponentially. However, the process of paving the information superhighway's last mile, between the ISP and the home or office, has proceeded much more slowly. The author considers how faster ways to access the Internet are under development, thanks to intense user interest in improving Internet connectivity and technology. This is leading to the deployment of modems that send data at high speeds over cable TV networks or over regular phone lines outfitted with asynchronous digital subscriber line equipment.
Phenylalanine Hydroxylase,Tyrosine Hydroxylase,Tryptophan Hydroxylase (2003)

There are four enzymes that utilize reduced pteridine as an electron donor and incorporate one atom of oxygen into their substrates. They are phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase (phenylalanine hydroxylase, PAH, EC 1.14.16.l), tyrosine 3-monooxygenase (tyrosine hydroxylase, TH, EC 1.14.16.2), anthranilate 3-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.16.3), and tryptophan 5-monooxygenase (tryptophan hydroxylase, TPH, EC 1.14.16.4). All four enzymes are also known as iron-proteins since they require iron for enzymatic actrvity. With the exception of anthranilate hydroxylase, these enzymes have been extensively studied. The present chapter concentrates on PAH, TH, and TPH, stressing recent work on biochemical and molecular biological properties, regulation, purification procedures, and methods for determination of enzyme activity. Since a number of excellent reviews for these enzymes have been published recently (; ; ;), the present chapter avoids unnecessary repetition of data already presented. Classical reaction mechanisms, kinetic properties, anatomical and histochemical analyses, and pharmacological studies on the reaction products, e.g., DOPA, dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptophan, and serotonin, are not included in this chapter.
[The giant ulcer of the stomach. Notes concerning 30 cases (author's transl)]. (1979)

The giant stomach ulcer can be defined as a crater measuring more than 30 mm in diameter. This variety of stomach ulcer represents 10-15% of the whole range of gastric ulcers, but they are not quite different from the nosologic point of view. It appears effectively that no etiopathogenic clinical or evolving particular factors can distinguish this kind of ulcer from the niches of normal size. To be taken into consideration is the risk of transforming into cancer which is multiplied by 3 or 5 times when compared with normal stomach ulcers, whence the importance of the endoscopy with many biopsies. In spite of the endoscopy the percentage of error is 5%, this is the reason for which, when in doubt, the more or less extensive gastric resection of the total gastrectomy is required with even more necessity then in normal cases of ulcers.
Microwave Irradiation as an Effective Means of Synthesizing Unsubstituted N-Linked 1,2,3-Triazoles from Vinyl Acetate and Azides (2009)

N-Linked 1,2,3-triazoles have been prepared by a reaction of azides with vinyl acetate under microwave irradiation. Additionally, a microwave-assisted, two-step, one-pot procedure from halides involving azide substitution in diethyl ether, followed by ­reaction with vinyl acetate, has effectively been employed.
Development and application research of light weight heat treated B-grade bulletproof steel (2014)

The light weight heat treated B-grade bulletproof steel was developed through composition design and optimization based on multiplex alloying,multiplex micro-alloying design ideas and complex phase structure strengthening theory.The puzzle how to avoid the quenching deformation problem of super high strength thin sheet was solved through heat treatment in a die with a set of cooling system.Such B-grade bulletproof steel plate has fine tempered lath martensite structure.The shooting and certification test results showed that the shoot resistance of B-grade bulletproof steel plate can meet the protection demand of Protection specification for cash carrying vehicles(GA 164—2005).In comparison with B-grade bulletproof steel plate made by one of the companies in Sweden,the weight of the developed B-grade bulletproof steel plate can be decreased by 8 %under the same shoot resistance condition.It will be meaningful for cash truck and anti-hijacking vehicle to realize light weight,energy conservation and emission reduction.
Gender Differences in Hip Joint Kinematics and Kinetics During Side-Step Cutting Maneuver (2007)

Overall, it appeared that female athletes moved into greater hip internal rotation and used less sagittal plane hip motion during the early deceleration phase of the cutting maneuver. The findings of this investigation support the premise that altered hip kinematics and kinetics may influence loading at the knee. Future studies are needed to further explore the impact of these differences on knee loading and to ascertain the underlying causes.
Effects of Tumble and Swirl Flows on the Turbulence Scale Near the TDC in a 4-Valve S.I. Engine (2001)

Abstract It has known that the in-cylinder flow field has a significant effect on the engine combustion. Especially, the turbulence scale at the ignition toning plays an important role in enhancing propagation speed of initial flame. Thus, in this study, various flow fields such as tumble and swirl flows were generated by intake flow control valves. The effects of tumble and swirl flows on the turbulence scale were experimentally investigated in a 4-valve S.I. engine. For the investigation of the flow field, the single frame PTV and the two color PIV techniques were developed to clarify in-cylinder flow pattern during intake stroke and turbulence intensity near the spark plug during compression stroke, respectively. The flame propagation was visualized by an ICCD camera and its images were analyzed to compare the flow field.
Diagnostic Significance of Antibodies to the Epstein-Barr Virus-Specific Membrane Antigen gp250 (1985)

Journal Article Diagnostic Significance of Antibodies to the Epstein-Barr Virus-Specific Membrane Antigen gp250 Get access Wolfgang Jilg, Wolfgang Jilg Max von Pettenkofer Institute, University of Munich, Federal Republic of Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hans Wolf Hans Wolf Max von Pettenkofer Institute, University of Munich, Federal Republic of Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 152, Issue 1, July 1985, Pages 222–225, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/152.1.222 Published: 01 July 1985 Article history Received: 17 August 1984 Revision received: 26 December 1984 Published: 01 July 1985
Factors determining Poisson's ratio (2005)

ABSTRACT Poisson’s ratio is determined by two independent factors, i.e., the solid rock and dry or wet cracks. The former is influenced by the constituent mineral composition. The higher Poisson’s ratio of the rock solid is, the higher is Poisson’s ratio of the rock. Poisson’s ratio of the solid rock may be roughly estimated from clay contents for clastic rocks. Cracks defined as flat pores of low aspect ratios lower in the dry case or heighten, in the wet case, Poisson’s ratio of the rock. The magnitude of change depends on the volume concentration and aspect ratio of cracks. The higher the pore volume concentration and the lower the aspect ratio, the larger is the amount of change in Poisson’s ratio. Cracks are also chiefly responsible for the difference between static and dynamic elastic constants and the ratio of static versus dynamic Poisson ratios approaches one when cracks occupy a smaller amount of the total volume. INTRODUCTION Poisson’s ratio is an important mechanical property and can be used to predict the geomechanical behavior during the drilling of wells and the following recovery processes. Well instability, sand production and hydraulic fracturing are greatly affected by strength parameters, which may relate to its magnitude (Kumar, 1976). Reservoir volume changes due to injection or production and subsequent surface uplift or subsidence can be substantial (Stancliffe and Kooij, 2001). Numerical modelling requires this parameter as input to forecast their influence on wells and surface installations. It is therefore necessary to make reasonable predictions for the purpose of successful oilfield operations. Conventionally there are two methods to determine this parameter. The first is a uniaxial loading test to compute the ratio of radial strain and axial strain
Base-mediated Reaction of Quaternary Ammonium Salts with Nitroarenes - Their Useful Functionalization via Vicarious Nucleophilic Substitution (VNS) (2002)

Ammonium ylides generated from ammonium salt 1a-e with a base react with derivatives of 3-nitropyridine 2a-c and 2-nitrothiophene (3) to form products of vicarious nucleophilic substitution (VNS) 7, 8, or 9 respectively. The products of VNS 10, 11, or 12 are also produced from the corresponding ammonium salts, a base and 4-chloro-nitrobenzene (4), nitrobenzene (5), or 1-nitronaphthalene (6), respectively. In a few products, an exchange of alkoxy group 7c or substitution of chlorine by alkoxyl 8a,b occured.