gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single Image Layer Separation Using Relative Smoothness (2014)

This paper addresses extracting two layers from an image where one layer is smoother than the other. This problem arises most notably in intrinsic image decomposition and reflection interference removal. Layer decomposition from a single-image is inherently ill-posed and solutions require additional constraints to be enforced. We introduce a novel strategy that regularizes the gradients of the two layers such that one has a long tail distribution and the other a short tail distribution. While imposing the long tail distribution is a common practice, our introduction of the short tail distribution on the second layer is unique. We formulate our problem in a probabilistic framework and describe an optimization scheme to solve this regularization with only a few iterations. We apply our approach to the intrinsic image and reflection removal problems and demonstrate high quality layer separation on par with other techniques but being significantly faster than prevailing methods.
Elevated levels of plasma VEGF in patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever (2004)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) can be produced by monocytes and endothelial cells. It plays important role in angiogenesis and vascular permeability. The phenomenon of extensive plasma leakage into various serous cavities of the body is a cardinal symptom of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). This study was performed to investigate the role of VEGF in patients with DHF. Plasma samples collected from the 53 dengue fever (DF) patients (including 14 patients with DHF), and 5 additional subjects with non-dengue febrile illness as controls were tested for VEGF levels using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The results showed that median plasma levels of VEGF in the patients with DHF (54.6 pg ml(-1)) were significantly higher than those of DF (14.6 pg ml(-1)) and control group (27.1 pg ml(-1)) (P<0.05). In addition, VEGF levels in DF patients were not significantly different from those of control patients with non-dengue febrile illness (P=0.17). Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the clinical variables independently associated with VEGF levels. The data showed that D-dimer levels were significantly associated with VEGF levels. In this study, plasma VEGF levels in patients with DHF were significantly higher than values from DF patients. The association between increased plasma VEGF levels and increased plasma D-dimer levels in the patients with dengue illness suggests that activation of the fibrinolytic system may play a role in VEGF production in the patients with DF.
<title>Hitachi e-beam lithography tools for advanced applications</title> (1991)

E-beam lithography has for some years been the leading edge lithography tool in many advanced technology programs and in research and development. More recently it has found its place in the production of mask and reticles for a wide variety of products, both at 1X and for magnification applications. The traditional systems have utilized spot beam optics with relatively low current density and, whether raster scan or vector scan systems, have resulted in many cases in long job times for some of the most advanced device requirements. The inherent cost benefits of direct write lithography have seldom been met with such tools due to the 'cost per level' factor resulting from a low throughput approach. During the last few years variable shaped beam systems have become commercially available and these systems have substantially improved system throughputs for most applications and have, for the first time, enabled E-beam lithography tools to be considered viable production approaches for the future. This paper will discuss the features and benefits of Hitachi's E-beam lithograph systems and will demonstrate performance by reference to application work from a number of references as well as from Hitachi's own internal use of the tools. Attention will be given to many of the key issues facing present and future lithography, including the manufacture of X-ray masks, reticles and direct write of advanced DRAM devices, proximity effects and new technologies in mask making including phase shifted masks.
Dielectrically isolated lateral high voltage P-i-N rectifiers for power ICs (1992)

Lateral DI and JI P-i-N rectifiers with breakdown voltages up to 600 V have been fabricated by using the RESURF principle. The reverse recovery times for the DI rectifiers were measured to be much smaller than those in JI devices, which two-dimensional numerical simulation shows to be due to elimination of injection into the substrate. This injection is also responsible for a parasitic steady state substrate current in JI devices, which is absent in DI devices. The DI rectifiers were observed to have a positive temperature coefficient for the on-state voltage drop as compared with a negative temperature coefficient observed for JI devices. The variation in breakdown voltage with substrate bias in DI devices was found to depend upon whether the breakdown was determined by the vertical or lateral electric field.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
How molecules defy the demon (1999)

It was in 1867, in a letter to his friend and colleague Peter Tait, that James Clerk Maxwell first stated his renowned paradox. He imagined a vessel with two compartments, separated by a controllable door, with a demon that allowed hot molecules to accumulate on one side, and cold molecules on the other. The resulting temperature difference could then be used to drive a thermal engine. Thus, the demon could convert the thermal energy of molecules at equilibrium into useful work and violate the second law of thermodynamics. It is remarkable testimony to Maxwell's insight that this question – raised at a time when molecules were still a conceptual crutch and poorly characterized – took us over a century to resolve. Only within recent years have we been able to show that it is impossible to sort molecules without expending more energy than the work that can be extracted from the sorted molecules. The second law of thermodynamics does indeed hold true.
Estimation of the transmitter and receiver differential biases and the ionospheric total electron content from Global Positioning System observations (1994)

In the estimation of the ionospheric total electron content from the Global Positioning System (GPS) observables, various instrumental systematic effects such as the biases in the GPS satellites and receivers must be modeled. This paper describes a procedure, based on a Kalman filtering approach, for estimating these instrumental biases as well as the total electron content at each GPS station, using dual GPS data. The method is applied to six data sets, of 48 hours each, spanning one year, from the Deep Space Network with GPS stations in Australia, Spain, and the United States. The formal errors for the estimated satellite biases and for the total electron content at each station are about 0.07 ns and 0.2×10 16 el/m 2 , respectively. The variation in time of the satellite biases (relative to the mean of all of them) estimated in different epochs during 1‐year period, is below 1 ns.
Investigation of multi-bit upsets in a 150 nm technology SRAM device (2005)

Multi-bit upset (MBU) events collected from accelerated soft error rate (SER) measurements performed with a quasi-monoenergetic neutron beam were analyzed with a threefold purpose. The first goal was to qualitatively assess the applicability and effectiveness of single-bit Error Detection And Correction algorithms and circuits (EDAC). The second goal was to investigate the relationship with the memory core P-well tapping scheme. And the third goal was to identify "preferred" MBU shapes. The results showed that the memory architecture is critical in affecting the single-bit EDAC effectiveness. Also, it was put in evidence that the tapping scheme is very effective in reducing the MBU rate. And finally it was noted that the predominant MBU shape is strongly influenced by the vertical and horizontal distance of the active nodes of the memory cells.
The evaluation of Young's modulus and residual stress of nickel films by microbridge testings (2004)

The variation of deflection and maximum stress of a nickel film microbridge with load was investigated over a wide range of length, thickness, elastic modulus and residual stress by both large and small deflection theories of microbridge testings. The limits of deflection and load for a microbridge to be deformed elastically were determined by the assumption that the maximum stress could not be more than the yield strength. Furthermore, the deflection and load limits of small deflection theory were decided by setting a threshold beforehand for the normalized deflection and maximum stress difference between large and small deflection theories. Based on the results above, the dimensions of the nickel microbridge samples were chosen and the deflection range suitable for the small deflection theory was calculated. The nickel film microbridge samples electroplated on a Si(100) substrate were fabricated by MEMS and the microbridge testings were conducted with a load and displacement sensing nanoindenter system. From small deflection theory, the Young's modulus and residual stress for the electroplated nickel films were calculated and the results were 190.5 GPa and 86.6 MPa, respectively.
Collapsed nasal-valve widening by composite grafting to the nasal floor. (1996)

With minimal scarring and no excisions of supporting structures involved, this method has proved to be effective in the repair of nasal-valve narrowing.
Efficiency Optimization of Variable Speed Induction Motor Drive Using Online Backpropagation (2006)

Development of an efficiency optimization control for variable speed drive system is important not only from the viewpoints of energy saving but also from the broad perspective of greenhouse emission. In this paper the designs of a back propagation based efficiency optimization control (BPEOC) for variable speed compressor induction motor drive is described. The controller is designed to generate signal voltage and frequency references simultaneously. This technique allows for control of both the speed and efficiency. In order to achieve a robust BPEOC from variation of motor parameters, an online learning algorithm is employed. Simulation of the BPEOC and laboratory experimental set up has been developed using TMS320C60 digital signal processor. The result demonstrated a significant increase in efficiency and an improvement in speed performance.
Uplink Coordinated Multi-Point ARQ in MIMO Cellular Systems (2011)

Coordinated multi-point processing at multiple base stations can improve coverage, system throughput, and cell-edge throughput for future cellular systems. In this paper, we study the coordinated reception of transmitted signals at multiple MIMO base stations to exploit cooperative diversity. In particular, we propose to employ cooperative multicell automatic repeat request (ARQ) protocol via backhaul links. The attractiveness of this protocol is that processing between coordinated base stations can be made completely transparent to the mobile user, and it improves the mobile user's link reliability and throughput significantly compared to noncooperative ARQ protocol. In our proposed protocol, we consider the scenario where the multicell processing involves one of the following three schemes: decode-and-forward, amplify-and-forward, and compress-and-forward schemes. We derive the average packet error rate and throughput for these cooperative multicell ARQ protocols. Numerical results show that the cooperative multicell ARQ protocols are promising in terms of average packet error rate and throughput. Furthermore, we show that the degree of improvement depends on the type of cooperative multicell ARQ protocol employed and the operating average signal-to-noise ratio of the main and backhaul links.
I. <i>On the electricity excited by the mere contact of conducting substances of different kinds</i> (1800)

(1800). I. On the electricity excited by the mere contact of conducting substances of different kinds. The Philosophical Magazine: Vol. 7, No. 28, pp. 289-311.
Time‐related increases in cardiac concentrations of doxorubicinol could interact with doxorubicin to depress myocardial contractile function (1993)

1. The present study evaluated the time-dependency of acute anthracycline cardiotoxicity by varying the duration of exposure of rabbit isolated atria to doxorubicin and determining changes (1) in contraction and relaxation and (2) in atrial concentrations of doxorubicin and its C-13 hydroxy metabolite, doxorubicinol. 2. Following addition of doxorubicin (175 microM) to atria, contractility (dF/dt), muscle stiffness (resting force, RF) and relaxation (90% relaxation time, 90% RT) were monitored for a 3.5 h period. 3. Doxorubicin (175 microM) progressively diminished mechanical function (decreased dF/dt, increased RF and prolonged 90% RT) over 3 h. Doxorubicinol (1.8 microM), however, failed to produce time-related cardiac dysfunction; it depressed contractile function and increased muscle stiffness during the first 30 min without causing additional cardiac dysfunction during the remaining 3 h of observation. Doxorubicinol had no effect on 90% RT. 4. During treatment with doxorubicin, atria contained considerably more doxorubicin than doxorubicinol (ratio of doxorubicin to doxorubicinol ranged from 778 to 74 at 0.5 and 3 h, respectively). Elevations of doxorubicin and doxorubicinol in atria paralleled the degree of dysfunction of both contraction and relaxation; increases in muscle stiffness, however, were more closely associated with increases of doxorubicinol than doxorubicin. 5. To probe the relation between cardiac doxorubicinol and myocardial dysfunction further, without confounding effects of cardiac doxorubicin, concentration-response experiments with doxorubicinol (0.9-7.2 microM) were conducted. 6. Plots of doxorubicinol concentrations in atria vs contractility indicated that the cardiac concentration of doxorubicinol, at which contractility is reduced by 50%, is five fold lower in doxorubicin-treated than in doxorubicinol-treated preparations. Thus, doxorubicin and doxorubicinol appear to interact to depress contractile function.7. Cardiac concentrations of both doxorubicin and doxorubicinol, as observed in these studies, were found to stimulate markedly Ca2+ release from isolated SR vesicles, but 3 microM doxorubicinol promoted a 15 fold greater release rate than 3 microM doxorubicin.8. Our observations coupled with the previously reported finding that doxorubicinol inhibits Ca2+loading of SR, suggests that doxorubicinol accumulation in heart contributes to the time-dependent component of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity, through a mechanism that could involve perturbations of Ca2+ homeostasis.
Filamentation and light bullet formation dynamics in solid-state dielectric media with weak, moderate and strong anomalous group velocity dispersion (2015)

International audience
The Mating Behavior of Peucetia viridans (Araneida: Oxyopidae) (1965)

Mating of the European Oxyopes heterophthalmus (Latr.) was reported by Gerhardt (1933), who observed that this species mates in the air, with both male and female suspended on threads and facing in the same direction. Our observations on the American Peucetita viridans show that its mating habits are quite similar to those of this European Oxyopes. Most of our observations were made in the laboratory on spiders that had matured in captivity. A freshly-cut cotton plant with its base in a small jar of water was placed on a table near the edge. Mature male and female green lynx spiders were released on the plant. They made no attempt to escape. With the view unobstructed by a cage, they were easily observed from all angles. While not under observation, males and females were kept in individual pint ice cream containers covered with plastic petri dishes. The complete mating procedure was recorded on 16 mm. motion-picture film exposed at a rate of 64 feet per minute. The mating of 40 pairs in the laboratory and of two pairs in the field was observed. Mating behavior in the field was similar to that observed in the laboratory. In a typical mating sequence, the male and female, when placed on the cotton plant, ran lightly across the tops of the leaves, pausing frequently. The male's recognition of the presence of a female was almost immediate, apparently by sight, and often at a distance of 12 to 14 cm. He demonstrated his awareness by vibrating his abdomen for periods of 8 to 10 seconds at two or three vibrations per second. While still vibrating his abdomen, he alternately moved his first and second pairs of legs up and down and concurrently drummed his palpi. Meanwhile, he gradually approached the female until he touched her forelegs with his first and second pairs of legs. In both cases, his tarsi touched the upper part of the female's legs, sometimes the femora, sometimes the patellae, and sometimes the tibiae. If the female was not receptive, she rushed at the male, and he hastily
"Are You Born Again?": A Doctrine of Regeneration (2000)

Today is my birthday.My fifth birthday.Five years ago today (as I begin this essay), after growing up a preachers kid in a loving Christian home, after eighteen years of Christian education, after ten years when I didnt attend church and lived the secular lifestyle, after ten years of marriage when I attended church faithfully, prayed and preached, talked a lot about religion and church affairs, but struggled with anger, fear, hatred, lust, ambition, greed, doubt, and depres-sionfive years ago today, at the age of forty, I finally surrendered.I surrendered to God, surrendered both everything bad about me and everything good.I put everything into His hands and asked to receive everything from His hands.I renounced my citizenship in this world.I surrendered all.I accepted salvation.I accepted Christ as my substitute.I asked Him to live out His life within me.I joined Gods resistance movement, taking up spiritual arms against both Satans occupying forces and those in rebellion who are collaborators with the enemy.At that moment I was born again. 1 Or at least thats the way it seems to me.My anger and fear, my hatred and lust and ambition, my greed and doubt and 1 March 1993.Ellen G. White uses virtually the same definition.When we submit ourselves to Christ, the heart is united with His heart, the will is merged in His will, the mind becomes one with His mind, the thoughts are brought into captivity to Him; we live His life.This is what it means to be clothed with the garment of His righteousness. . . .It is not enough for us to believe that Jesus is not an impostor, and that the religion of the Bible is no cunningly devised fable.We may believe that the name of Jesus is the only name under heaven whereby man may be saved, and yet we may not through faith make Him our personal Saviour.It is not enough to believe the theory of truth.It is not enough to make a profession of faith in Christ and have our names registered on the church roll.He that keepeth His commandments dwelleth in Him, and He in him.And hereby we know that He abideth in us, by the Spirit which He hath given us. Hereby we do know that we know Him if we keep His commandments. I John 3:24; 2:3.This is the genuine evidence of conversion.Whatever our profession, it amounts to nothing unless Christ is revealed in works of
An Ecological Paradigm (1987)

Abstract Consultation is defined as a preventive service, the goal of which is to create a variety of social, economic, and psychological resources for the continued development of the consultee organization. Ten principles are presented for the assessment and development of the consultee organization. These principles focus upon ways to generate social support and self-direction for the individual members and for the total organization. The framework for the presentation of the principles is an ecological perspective which emphasizes the concepts of persons, settings, and events as resources for the individual members of the organization and the total organization. Ecological concepts are presented, such as interdependence and adaptation, to direct the work of the consultation. Working from an ecological perspective, the consultant focuses upon assessing the natural social processes that bind persons and social settings together, while also assessing the prospects for how new social processes can be generated. Consultation succeeds as a preventive service when the organization is able to identify and create its own resources internally and then link to other external resources. This chapter provides the orienting framework for four case examples in the following chapters.
Hyperthermia enhances tumor uptake and antitumor efficacy of thermostable liposomal daunorubicin in a rat solid tumor. (1996)

The combination of local hyperthermia (HT) with thermostable liposomal daunorubicin (DaunoXome, DX) was investigated to assess targeted drug delivery to experimental tumors. Female Wag/Rij rats bearing solid R-1 rhabdomyosarcomas received i.v. injections of 10 or 15 mg/kg of DX or free-Daunorubicin (f-Dau). After a 1-h interval, HT (60 min at 43 degrees C) was applied. Pharmacokinetics were studied in relation to tumor growth time (TGT), i.e., the time for tumors to reach their original volumes. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that DX accumulation in tumor tissue was similar to f-Dau. A 5.4-fold increase (P = 0.0084) in tumor drug delivery was observed when DX was combined with HT, whereas liposomes remained stable. For f-Dau, HT had an additional effect on TGT at both drug doses tested (9.6 and 6.2 days, respectively, for 10 mg/kg, P = 0.0092; 17.7 and 13.7, respectively, for 15 mg/kg, P = 0.0431). For DX, HT significantly enhanced TGT of DX in the lower dose (17.1 and 6.4 days, respectively, P = 0.0005), whereas tumors did not regrow at day 25 after DX + HT in the higher dose. Unfortunately, after this time interval, the animals died of late toxicity, probably not related to HT. These results indicate that HT promotes extravasation of DX into tumor tissue and enhances its effectiveness. The finding that HT-induced drug release from the liposomes was not responsible for enhanced antitumor activity provides a rationale for further investigation of thermostable liposomes in conjunction with HT.