gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Initial characterization of a lymphokine pathway for the immunologic induction of tumor necrosis factor-<i>alpha</i> release from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (1988)

Under endotoxin-free conditions, unstimulated human PBMC do not release TNF-alpha, as measured in a sensitive assay with 51Cr release in 6 h from actinomycin D-treated WEHI 164 cells. IFN-gamma alone at less than or equal to 10,000 U/ml is insufficient to elicit TNF-alpha release. Similarly, the lymphokine-rich supernatant of PBMC stimulated by allogeneic cells is also insufficient to induce TNF-alpha release in a short term assay. However, when PBMC are first primed with IFN-gamma for 48 h and then exposed to lymphokine supernatant for 6 h, effector cells within the PBMC population are triggered to express TNF-alpha-mediated cytotoxicity. All of the measured cytotoxicity is attributable to TNF-alpha because it could be abolished by a specific anti-TNF-alpha neutralizing mAb. Although IFN-gamma serves to prime PBMC in this assay system, it fails to trigger the release of TNF-alpha. Instead, a second lymphokine (provisionally termed "cytotoxicity triggering factor" (CTF) is required to induce TNF-alpha release from IFN-gamma-primed human PBMC. In kinetic studies, IFN-gamma priming was optimal when PBMC were exposed to IFN-gamma (150 U/ml) for 48 h. In contrast to the prolonged interval for priming, CTF need be present for 6 h or less for maximal induction of TNF-alpha-mediated cytotoxicity. In dose-response studies, IFN-gamma priming (48 h) required at least 4 U/ml and was complete with 20 to 100 U/ml. By using fully primed PBMC, the response to CTF followed a sigmoidal dose-response curve, which allowed the quantitation of CTF in half-maximal units. Activated Th lymphocytes constitute one cellular source for CTF. CTF is produced by cloned allorective T3+T4+T8-M1- Th cells after alloantigen stimulation, and also by nylon wool-purified T cells after stimulation with PMA and A23187 calcium ionophore. Unstimulated T cells do not release CTF. In physicochemical studies, CTF activity elutes from Sephadex G-100 as a major discrete peak of Mr 55 kDa and minor peaks of 14 kDa and greater than 150 kDa. On the basis of multiple criteria, CTF is distinguishable from several other cytokines: IFN-gamma, IL-1, IL-2, GM-CSF, MIF, CSF-1, TNF-alpha, and lymphotoxin (TNF-beta). We conclude that, by acting together, IFN-gamma and CTF provide a lymphokine pathway whereby Ag-responsive human Th cells induce the immunologic release of TNF-alpha from effector cells present in PBMC.
Approaching Bulk Carrier Dynamics in Organo-Halide Perovskite Nanocrystalline Films by Surface Passivation (2016)

The electronic properties of organo-halide perovskite absorbers described in the literature have been closely associated with their morphologies and processing conditions. However, the underlying origins of this dependence remain unclear. A combination of inorganic synthesis, surface chemistry, and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy was used to show that charge recombination centers in organo-halide perovskites are almost exclusively localized on the surfaces of the crystals rather than in the bulk. Passivation of these surface defects causes average charge carrier lifetimes in nanocrystalline thin films to approach the bulk limit reported for single-crystal organo-halide perovskites. These findings indicate that the charge carrier lifetimes of perovskites are correlated with their thin-film processing conditions and morphologies through the influence these have on the surface chemistry of the nanocrystals. Therefore, surface passivation may provide a means to decouple the electronic properties of organo-halide perovskites from their thin-film processing conditions and corresponding morphologies.
Chromatographie des protéines du lactoserum de brebis (1966)

mtrie en UV et la recherche des anticorps agglutinants et antitoxiques, a permis l'identification des pics correspondant la lactoperoxydase, aux immuno-globulines, la [3-lactoglobuline et la srum-albumine. La sparation de constituants hase d'uridine et de guanine, non dialysables, a t obtenue par, filtration sur Sephadex G 100.
Tangibly simple, architecturally complex (2002)

In this paper, we describe an evaluation of the Palette, a presentation tool that was reported at CHI '99. The Palette allows presenters to quickly access digital presentations using physical cards that have unique barcodes printed on them. The Palette has been in use in our lab for over three years, and has been released as a product in Japan. Our evaluation consists of an analysis of usage logs, an expert walkthrough review, and observations and interviews with users, non-users and the system administrator. The findings reveal benefits and drawbacks of the technology, and offers design ideas for further work on tangible tools of this kind.
The Mechanistic Basis of hERG Blockade and the Proarrhythmic Effects Thereof (2015)

Blockade of the human Ether-à-go-go-related gene potassium channel (hERG) alters the time-dependent properties of the ventricular action potential (AP), leading to prolongation of the QT interval in the ECG (LQT), and in some cases, early after depolarizations (EADs), torsade de pointes arrhythmia (TdP), and ventricular fibrillation (VF). Opinions differ as to the specific cause–effect relationship between hERG blockade and proarrhythmia, the role and weighting of non-hERG contributions, definitive clinical and preclinical metrics of proarrhythmic potential (serving to avoid both false negatives and positives), and safe upper limit of blockade. Definitive risk assessment criteria await improved understanding of hERG blockade mechanisms pertinent to the in vivo setting. Here, we have used in silico methods to characterize the effects of channel gating and binding kinetics on blocker occupancy and the effects of the blockade on the time-dependent properties of the human cardiac AP. The lifetimes of bound blockers are capped at the gating cycle length and open channel time for trappable blockers (unexpelled during channel closing) and nontrappable blockers, respectively. Trappable blockers accumulate to equilibrium occupancy levels, whereas nontrappable blocker occupancy is necessarily refreshed during every AP cycle. Occupancy levels associated with EADs were reached abruptly in our simulations at ∼83% (∼5Kd) versus ∼63% (∼1.6Kd) for nontrappable and trappable blockers, respectively. A significantly wider exposure proarrhythmic occupancy margin may therefore exist for nontrappable blockers relative to the current safety standard (which we show is likely weighted toward the trappable phenotype).
Selection of spectro-temporal patterns in multichannel MEG with support vector machines for schizophrenia classification (2008)

We present a new framework for the diagnosis of schizophrenia based on the spectro-temporal patterns selected by a support vector machine from multichannel magnetoencephalogram (MEG) recordings in a verbal working memory task. In the experimental paradigm, five letters appearing sequentially on a screen were memorized by subjects. The letters constituted a word in one condition and a pronounceable nonword in the other. Power changes were extracted as features in frequency subbands of 248 channel MEG data to form a rich feature dictionary. A support vector machine has been used to select a small subset of features with recursive feature elimination technique (SVM-RFE) and the reduced subset was used for classification. We note that the discrimination between patients and controls in the word condition was higher than in the non-word condition (91.8% vs 83.8%). Furthermore, in the word condition, the most discriminant patterns were extracted in delta (1-4 Hz), theta (4-8Hz) and alpha (12-16 Hz) frequency bands. We note that these features were located around the left frontal, left temporal and occipital areas, respectively. Our results indicate that the proposed approach can quantify discriminative neural patterns associated to a functional task in spatial, spectral and temporal domain. Moreover these features provide interpretable information to the medical expert about physiological basis of the illness and can be effectively used as a biometric marker to recognize schizophrenia in clinical practice.
Linear stability of a growing or collapsing bubble in a slightly viscous liquid (1978)

A simplified form of the stability equation appropriate for liquids of small viscosity undergoing nearly spherically symmetric flow is derived on the basis of earlier results. This equation is then applied to the analysis of the stability characteristics of the spherical shape for growing and collapsing cavitation bubbles. It is found that viscosity does not remove the well-known instability associated wihth the collapse process, although it does delay the growth of higher order modes. This feature explains the relatively small number of microbubbles to which a cavitation bubble gives rise upon fragmentation.
National Labour Market Institutions and the European Economic and Monetary Integration Process (1995)

Abstract This article investigates the role of national labour market institutions for the chances of successful transition to Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) in Europe, as well as for its viability. The conclusions are rather pessimistic. Although overlooked by the Maastricht Treaty, the need for real convergence (convergence of unemployment rates) is emphasized as a major condition for success. However, current labour market institutions in the EU make it quite unlikely that this condition will be fulfilled. We show that the implementation of the Maastricht programme may instead turn into an obstacle to monetary unification.
Vision-based positioning and terrain mapping by global alignment for UAVs (2004)

Construction of 3D topographic maps from stereo or monocular video, over coverage areas of kilometer scale, taken by low-altitude airborne platforms is addressed. Two computational frameworks for these two cases are considered, accommodating the online processing of video along the path. In these formulations, stereo disparity information enables the computation of 3D motions and depth maps to be done more readily, however, monocular motion cues provide similar accuracy with more computational steps. The critical issue is to overcome the drift error, which is inherent of the causal frame-to frame motion estimation, as the video frames are acquired. A novel global alignment scheme is proposed, aimed at determining the 3D trajectory most consistent with the estimated 3D motions between pairs of nearby positions. Performance is demonstrated based on experiment with a sequence of 5000 stereo pairs, simulating aerial photographic data from an airborne platform flying at 110 m above (the reference plane of) a 1 km /spl times/ 1 km terrain with 5-65m elevation. Maximum geo-referenced positioning accuracy is roughly 2 m, with elevation error of 1 m or less over 95% of the terrain.
Molecular photosensitisers for two-photon photodynamic therapy (2017)

Two-photon excitation has attracted the attention of biologists, especially after the development of two-photon excited microscopy in the nineties. Since then, new applications have rapidly emerged such as the release of biologically active molecules and photodynamic therapy (PDT) using two-photon excitation. PDT, which requires a light-activated drug (photosensitiser), is a clinically approved and minimally invasive treatment for cancer and for non-malignant diseases. This feature article focuses on the engineering of molecular two-photon photosensitisers for PDT, which should bring important benefits to the treatment, increase the treatment penetration depth with near-infrared light excitation, improve the spatial selectivity and reduce the photodamage to healthy tissues. After an overview of the two-photon absorption phenomenon and the methods to evaluate two-photon induced phototoxicity on cell cultures, the different classes of photosensitisers described in the literature are discussed. The two-photon PDT performed with historical one-photon sensitisers are briefly presented, followed by specifically engineered cyclic tetrapyrrole photosensitisers, purely organic photosensitisers and transition metal complexes. Finally, targeted two-photon photosensitisers and theranostic agents that should enhance the selectivity and efficiency of the treatment are discussed.
A high-gain self-steering microwave array (1968)

A microwave self-steering repeater for earth-satellite communications is described. This system operates at 7.3 to 8.0 GHz and consists of two independent 125-MHz FM channels. Each channel forms and steers a receiving and transmitting beam 3 degrees wide over a 30-degree cone of coverage. The minimum gain is 30 dB with an effective radiated power per channel of 28 dBW. The four beams are steered independently within the cone of coverage. The details of design and performance are outlined. The results of color television transmissions are shown. A projection to flight hardware is given.
Fate of P32-Labeled Malathion Sprayed on Jersey Heifer Calves1 (1956)

Journal Article Fate of P32-Labeled Malathion Sprayed on Jersey Heifer Calves Get access R. B. March, R. B. March University of California Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. L. Metcalf, R. L. Metcalf University of California Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T. R. Fukuto, T. R. Fukuto University of California Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar F. A. Gunther F. A. Gunther University of California Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 49, Issue 5, 1 October 1956, Pages 679–682, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/49.5.679 Published: 01 October 1956
Diagnostic techniques for clinical investigation of laboratory zebrafish. (2002)

Unexpected morbidity and mortality of aquatic animal models represent a significant problem for researchers. The authors outline the basic procedures used to diagnose disease outbreaks in laboratory zebrafish colonies, and provide a basic framework for initiating clinical investigations.
Approche Top-Down de perception multisensorielle : application à la localisation de véhicules (2014)

National audience
First‐principles Studies of Band Gap Engineering in Ferroelectric Oxides (2020)

Abstract In the last decade there has been a resurgence of activity in the field of photoferroelectrics with a focus on the studies of oxides. Ferroelectric (FE) materials have a spontaneous switchable polarization that can lead to interesting light‐matter interactions such as the bulk photovoltaic effect. While a wide range of compositions has been explored for ferroelectrics, until recently, FE oxides were considered to be capable of absorbing UV light only. Playing a key role in the advance of the field, first‐principles calculations have guided the experimental materials discovery efforts that have identified a wide variety of visible‐light‐absorbing oxides. First‐principles research efforts have also achieved considerable progress in revealing the interplay between the composition, structure and light absorption properties in these materials, and it is now understood that even small changes in the local environment can lead to large changes in band gap character and magnitude. Here, we survey the first‐principles efforts following different band‐gap engineering strategies and the advances in the computational methods that have been driven by these studies.
Engineering the Input Impedance of Electric Planar Metamaterials Analogue of Dipole Array (2014)

Since the demand of metamaterial (MM) based devices for practical applications is increased, the method with input impedance of dipole aims to produce fast results with reasonable accuracy for its design proposed. In this work, the unit of MM is equivalent to a dipole and then MM could be treated as a dipole array. An analysis is performed based on classical microwave dipole and numerical simulation by using the finite-difference time-domain for different MM configurations in the form of dipoles array. Additionally, a quality factor (Q-factor) based analysis is shown to yield simulation results which are in good agreement with the experiment. In essence, this shows that we could use antenna theory and numerical method to analyze MM thus opening the doors for a more efficient parameter optimization method.
Development of a RANS Premixed Turbulent Combustion Model Based on the Algebraic Flame Surface Density Concept (2018)

Recently, a fractal-based algebraic flame surface density (FSD) premixed combustion model has been derived and validated in the context of large eddy simulation (LES). The fractal parameters in the model, namely the cut-off scales and the fractal dimension were derived using theoretical models, experimental and direct numerical simulation (DNS) databases. The model showed good performance in predicting the premixed turbulent flame propagation for low to high Reynold numbers (Re) in ambient as well as elevated pressure conditions. Several LES combustion models have a direct counterpart in the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) context. In this work, a RANS version of the aforementioned LES subgrid scale FSD combustion model is developed. The performance of the RANS model is compared with that of the original LES model and validated with the experimental data. It is found that the RANS version of the model shows similarly good agreement with the experimental data.
Magneto-mechanical properties of micron Fe_3O_4/polyvinyl alcohol magnetic hydrogels prepared by freezing-thawing method (2008)

Magnetic hydrogels based on PVA and magnetite Fe3O4 micron-particles are prepared by the repeated freezing-thawing(F-T) method.Elongation behaviors,magnetic field threshold and other magnetic properties of ferrogels with different Fe3O4 concentrations and freezing-thawing cycle times are systematically investigated,and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) technique are used to study the cross-sectional micro-morphology and crystal structures of the Fe3O4/PVA magnetic hydrogels,respectively.The results show that elongation behaviors and magneto-mechanical properties of the Fe3O4/PVA hydrogels are dependent on the Fe3O4 concentrations and freezing-thawing cycles.Magnetic particles are found to be dispersed in hydrogels homogeneously.The degree of crystallization of PVA hydrogels can be improved by increasing the number of freezing-thawing cycles.
Improving mitochondrial bioenergetics under ischemic conditions increases warm ischemia tolerance in the kidney (2014)

Ischemia time during partial nephrectomy is strongly associated with acute and chronic renal injury. ATP depletion during warm ischemia inhibits ATP-dependent processes, resulting in cell swelling, cytoskeletal breakdown, and cell death. The duration of ischemia tolerated by the kidney depends on the amount of ATP that can be produced with residual substrates and oxygen in the tissue to sustain cell function. We previously reported that the rat can tolerate 30-min ischemia quite well but 45-min ischemia results in acute kidney injury and progressive interstitial fibrosis. Here, we report that pretreatment with SS-20 30 min before warm ischemia in the rat increased ischemia tolerance from 30 to 45 min. Histological examination of kidney tissues revealed that SS-20 reduced cytoskeletal breakdown and cell swelling after 45-min ischemia. Electron microscopy showed that SS-20 reduced mitochondrial matrix swelling and preserved cristae membranes, suggesting that SS-20 enhanced mitochondrial ATP synthesis under ischemic conditions. Studies with isolated kidney mitochondria showed dramatic reduction in state 3 respiration and respiratory control ratio after 45-min ischemia, and this was significantly improved by SS-20 treatment. These results suggest that SS-20 increases efficiency of the electron transport chain and improves coupling of oxidative phosphorylation. SS-20 treatment after ischemia also significantly reduced interstitial fibrosis. These new findings reveal that enhancing mitochondrial bioenergetics may be an important target for improving ischemia tolerance, and SS-20 may serve well for minimizing acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease following surgical procedures such as partial nephrectomy and transplantation.
Nanostructured FePt:B2O3 thin films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (2000)

FePt/B 2 O 3 multilayers were deposited by magnetron sputtering onto 7059 glass substrates. By annealing the as-deposited films at 550 °C, nanostructured FePt:B2O3 films consisting of FePt grains with L10 structure, embedded in a glassy B2O3 matrix, were obtained. The c axes of the FePt grains can be made to align with the film normal direction, which results in a perpendicular anisotropy constant of 3.5×107 erg/cc. The films remain layered structures after annealing when the B2O3 layer thickness exceeds 16 Å. The nanostructure of the films was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The coercivities and the average grain sizes of the films are dependent on the B2O3 concentrations, with coercivities varying from 4 to 12 kOe, while average grain sizes vary from 4 to 17 nm. Strong perpendicular anisotropy, adjustable coercivity, and fine grain size suggest this nanocomposite system might have significant potential as recording media at extremely high areal density.
Effectiveness of apraclonidine in preventing the rise in intraocular pressure after neodymium:YAG posterior capsulotomy. (1988)

Apraclonidine (para-aminoclonidine) is an alpha agonist that was studied for its effect on the IOP rise following YPC. In a prospective multicentered double-masked study 63 eyes were pretreated with one drop of either 1% apraclonidine or placebo 1 hour prior to performing YAG and again after the laser treatment. The greatest IOP rise in the placebo-treated eyes occurred in the third hour after YPC when the mean IOP rose from a baseline pressure of 16.4 +/- 3.7 mm Hg to 20.8 +/- 6.8 mm Hg (P less than .01). In apraclonidine-treated eyes the IOP fell from a mean of 15.6 +/- 3.8 mm Hg to 12.8 +/- 6.0 mm Hg 3 hours postoperatively (P less than .001). There were five times as many eyes that had a pressure rise greater than 10 mm Hg in the placebo-treated group compared to those treated with apraclonidine. Apraclonidine proved to be highly effective in preventing the rise in IOP following YPC.
Discussion sur les amendements au projet de décret sur la prolongation des pouvoirs des députés, lors de la séance du 19 avril 1790 (1882)

Le Chapelier Isaac René Guy, Garat Aîné Dominique. Discussion sur les amendements au projet de décret sur la prolongation des pouvoirs des députés, lors de la séance du 19 avril 1790. In: Tome XIII - Du 14 avril au 21 avril 1790. p. 115.
PERITONEAL DIALYSIS IN THE NEWBORN-Reply (1968)

<i>To the Editor</i>.—We chose peritoneal dialysis as the treatment for this patient because we considered it safer, simpler, and more efficacious than exchange transfusion as a treatment for acute renal failure. The mortality rate associated with exchange transfusion is known, but much less information is available on the morbidity and mortality of peritoneal dialysis. A recent article (<i>Lancet</i><b>1</b>: 64 [Jan 13] 1968) summarizes the complications when 443 intraperitoneal catheters were inserted. An abdominal viscus was perforated six times and intra-abdominal hemorrhage occurred twice. There were three deaths. The authors recommend, and we agree, that the technique of filling the abdomen via a large-bore needle prior to catheter insertion should reduce these complications.