gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intermittent sequential pneumatic compression of the legs and thromboembolism-deterrent stockings in the prevention of postoperative deep venous thrombosis. (1983)

One hundred fifty patients over the age of 30 who had undergone major abdominal operations were stratified according to the risk of deep venous thrombosis and randomized into three groups to receive different prophylactic regimens: group A, electrical calf stimulation; group B, low-dose subcutaneous heparin; group C, intermittent sequential compression and thromboembolism-deterrent (TED) stockings. All the patients were scanned with the 125I-fibrinogen test for the whole stay in hospital. The incidence of 125I-fibrinogen detected deep venous thrombi was 18% in group A, 9% in group B, and 4% in group C. The results indicate that the regimen of intermittent sequential compression and TED stockings is as effective as low-dose subcutaneous heparin. Electrical calf stimulation is less effective.
A Framework of Using Mobile Agent to Achieve Efficient Load Balancing in Cluster (2005)

In a cluster of computers, if the system load in each of computers is nearly equal, it indicates good resource utilization. It is well-known that load balancing is a key factor in developing parallel and distributed applications. In our paper, a mobile agent based load balancing technique is presented. Instead of balancing the load in cluster by process migration, or by moving an entire process to a less loaded computer, we make an attempt to balance load by splitting up processes into separated jobs and then balance them to nodes by our novel load balancing method. In order to get our target, we use mobile agent to distribute load among nodes in a cluster. We have created five kinds of agents in namely Directory Agent, Account Agent, Threshold Agent, Monitor Agent and Client Agent. These agents follow the required policies for load balancing. Our proposed system focuses on problems that are inherently parallel or problems that can be worked with reasonable amount of synchronization. Our load balancing protocol is being implemented using Aglet™, a Java_ compliant mobile agent platform from IBM. Although we cannot claim that a mobile agent enable approach will always outperform message passing based load balancing, such an alternative approach to designing load balancing protocols has several advantages. Preliminary experimental results demonstrated that the proposed technique is effective.
Preferential site-dependent cleavage by restriction endonuclease PstI (1982)

The four identical recognition sites for the restriction endonuclease PstI in purified plasmid pSM1 DNA I are cleaved at markedly different rates. The order and relative frequencies of cleavage at these four PstI sites have been determined from the order of appearance of partial cleavage products and from an analysis of production of specific unit length linear molecules. The same pattern of preferential cleavage is also found when linear, nicked circular, or relaxed closed circular forms of the same plasmid DNa are used as substrates for PstI. Inspection of the nucleotide sequences immediately adjoining each of the PstI sites suggests that the presence of adjacent runs of G-C base pairs confers significant resistance to cleavage.
... A Flight... Flight... (1984)

The sculptor, Constantin Brancusi, reflected the concern of every creative artist-the struggle to implement a cohesive formal plan, to construct a memorable set of relationships, to create an art that works. His words were uttered with the experience of the Maiastra and Golden series along with forty-five years of work and more than thirty versions of his Bird in Space.2 Two solos, Not a duet-
Coding method for vector representation of engineering drawings (1980)

Many engineering drawings exist today that are still subject to change yet do not have the benefit of computer-aided design and drafting because of the cost and difficulties associated with placing them into automated graphics systems. This paper describes a new efficient vector coding method which extracts vector information in real time from raster data acquired by optically scanning and digitizing. The resultant representation of the engineering drawing can be displayed on a CRT terminal or on a plotter as a hard copy, can be rapidly edited or revised to reflect future changes and facilitates fast transfer of drawings over telephone lines to other locations enabling remote viewing and changing. Experimental results in terms of data compaction are presented for a variety of engineering drawings, including one of the CCITT standard test documents.
The Geometry of Constrained Mixture Experiments (1986)

In mixture experiments, the proportions of the components are often constrained by upper and lower bounds. The resulting experimental region is usually an irregular polyhedron. The experimental region, however, can be obtained from a regular simplex by truncation. This technique allows derivation of formulas for the number of boundaries, and the volume, of the experimental region. The formulas for the number of boundaries provide guidance for designing mixture experiments. The formula for volume may be used to determine if small changes in the constraints have a small effect on the experimental region. The volume formula is also used, along with the truncation procedure, to calculate center-of-mass centroids. A new algorithm is given for generation of the vertices of mixture regions constrained by upper and lower bounds.
Rheological behavior of plasticized polyaniline (1996)

In this article, rheological properties of polyaniline (PANI) doped with diisooctyl phosphate (DIOHP) are described. Rheological properties of this material depend strongly on the content of the dopant. For low concentrations, the material is rather stiff but becomes a Bingham or St. Venant body for higher contents of the dopant. Rheological parameters for samples containing various molar ratios of PANI to DIOHP were determined. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analysis of 118 second-generation metal-on-metal retrieved hip implants (1999)

Osteolysis is due to particulate wear debris and is responsible for the long-term failure of total hip replacements. It has stimulated the development of alternative joint surfaces such as metal-on-metal or ceramic-on-ceramic implants. Since 1988 the second-generation metal-on-metal implant Metasul has been used in over 60 000 hips. Analysis of 118 retrieved specimens of the head or cup showed rates of wear of approximately 25 microm for the whole articulation per year in the first year, decreasing to about 5 microm per year after the third. Metal surfaces have a 'self-polishing' capacity. Scratches are worn out by further joint movement. Volumetric wear was decreased some 60-fold compared with that of metal-on-polyethylene implants, suggesting that second-generation metal-on-metal prostheses may considerably reduce osteolysis.
Earth-to-deep-space optical communications system with adaptive tilt and scintillation correction by use of near-Earth relay mirrors (1998)

Performance of an Earth-to-deep-space optical telecommunications system is degraded by distortion of the beam as it propagates through the turbulent atmosphere. Conventional approaches to correcting distortions, based on natural or artificial guide stars, have practical difficulties or are not adequate for correction of distortions, which are important for Earth-to-deep-space optical links. A beam-relay approach that overcomes these difficulties is discussed. A downward-directed laser near an orbiting relay mirror provides a reference for atmospheric correction. Adaptive optics at the ground station compensate the uplink beam so that after it passes through the atmosphere uplink propagation effects are removed. The orbiting mirror then directs the corrected beam to the distant spacecraft.
Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Micro-Shell Structures Using Two-Photon Polymerization (2005)

A nano-stereolithography (NSL) process has been developed for fabrication of 3D shell structures which can be applied to various nano/micro-fluidic devices. By the process, a complicated 3D shell structure on a scale of several microns can be fabricated using lamination of layers with a resolution of 150 nm in size, so it does not require the use of any sacrificial layer or any supporting structure. A layer was fabricated by means of solidifying liquid-state monomers using two-photon absorption (TPA) induced using a femtosecond laser processing. When the polymerization process is finished, unsolidified liquid state resins can be removed easily by dropping several droplets of ethanol for developing the fabricated structure. Through this work, some 3D shell structures, which can be applied to various applications such as nano/micro-fluidic devices and MEMS system, were fabricated using the developed process.
Pulsatile core-in-cup valsartan tablet formulations: In vitro evaluation (2013)

The aim of the present study was to design and evaluate single pulse and floating double pulse valsartan core-in-cup tablets. Core tablets were prepared by direct compression of a homogenous mixture of valsartan, Avicel PH-101, Croscarmellose sodium (CCNa), magnesium stearate & Aerosil. Weight variation, Hardness and Disintegration time were measured for the core tablets. Core-in-cup tablets were formulated using different polymers as a plug layer, including sodium alginate (SA), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC). The floating behavior, water uptake and drug release from the prepared formulations were evaluated. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was also performed to detect the possible drug excipient interaction. Stability study of the selected formula was performed at 25 °C & 60% RH and at 40 °C & 75% RH for 3 months. Finally, the existence of the selected formula in the stomach after oral administration to human volunteers was verified via x-ray radiography. The results showed that the release lag time of the tablets increased when the quantity of the plug layer increased thus decreasing the drug release. Plug layer polymers showed a lag time with rank order: SA < NaCMC < HPMC. Selected formulations are F5 & F6. F5 (having SA as the plug polymer) released valsartan after a lag time of 2 h while F6 released the drug in two successive pulses with a reasonable lag time in between due to its floating behavior. Formulations were stable for at least 3 months under standard long-term and accelerated storage conditions. In conclusion, pulsatile single pulse and floating double pulse stable valsartan core-in-cup tablets were successfully formulated which provided a desirable lag time followed by a rapid drug release.
Robust PID Control with Sliding Mode and Adaptive Rules for Uncertain Systems (2008)

Abstract—This paper presents a neural network global PID-sliding mode control method for the tracking control of robot manipulators with bounded uncertainties. A certain sliding mode controller with PID sliding function is developed. Mathematical proof of the stability and convergence of the control system is given. Simulation results demonstrate that the chattering and the steady state errors are eliminated and satisfactory trajectory tracking is achieved. Index Terms—PID controller, Robust adaptive control, Sliding mode control, Stability.
Affine Projection Algorithm Based Direct Adaptations for Adaptive Nonlinear Predistorters (2006)

It has been proven that adaptive nonlinear predistorters based on direct adaptation have many advantages over ones based on indirect adaptation. In this work, we develop two affine projection based direct adaptation algorithms for adaptive nonlinear predistorter: nonlinear filtered-x affine projection algorithm and nonlinear adjoint affine projection algorithm. Compared with available least mean square (LMS) based direct adaptation predistorters, predistorters based the new developed algorithms have the advantages fast convergence and efficient computational complexity. The nonlinear adjoint affine projection algorithm is computationally more efficient than the nonlinear filtered-x affine projection algorithm. Simulation results confirm the better performance of our developed algorithms.
Hybridization of Photogrammetry and Laser Scanning Technology for As-Built 3D CAD Models (2008)

Digital Mockups (Virtual Prototypes) significantly reduce risk and cost on large aerospace programs, but their accuracy hinges on the creation of 3D models of existing facilities, based on "as-built" field conditions instead of less-accurate design blueprints. Methods for creating as-built models vary from tedious hand-measurements, to photograph-rectification-survey techniques (collectively known as photogrammetry), to the evolving technology of terrestrial laser scanning. Lockheed Martin has proven through robust field testing that the accuracy of each technology is variable to specific applications. Therefore, we have developed a hybrid method that leverages the strengths of each technology, including edge recognition, targeting accuracy, and complex-surface collection. This hybridization has helped to identify key technical deficiencies in the current state-of- practice for as-built CAD modeling, such as automatic modeling and feature extraction. In addition, Lockheed Martin has refined a statistical evaluation technique to objectively measure the accuracy of the final model against the field conditions, regardless of the technology utilized. The advantages and disadvantages of each technology are presented here, as well as methodologies for effectively combining the technologies into a more-accurate and efficient hybrid process. This overall capability is crucial to Lockheed Martin for reducing reliance on physical prototypes, and optimizing project return on cost, schedule, and risk.
Polylog-time and near-linear work approximation scheme for undirected shortest paths (2000)

Shortest paths computations constitute one of the most fundamental network problems. Nonetheless, known parallel shortest-paths algorithms are generally inefficient: they perform significantly more work (product of time and processors) than their sequential counterparts. This gap, known in the literature as the “transitive closure bottleneck,” poses a long-standing open problem. Our main result is an O(mn ϵ 0 +s( m+n 1+ϵ 0 )) work polylog-time randomized algorithm that computes paths within (1 + O (1/polylog n ) of shortest from s source nodes to all other nodesin weighted undirected networks with n nodes and m edges (for any fixed ϵ 0 >0). This work bound nearly matches the Õ(sm) sequential time. In contrast, previous polylog-time algorithms required min {Õ(n 3 ), Õ(m 2 )} work (even when s =1), and previous near-linear work algorithms required near- O ( n ) time. We also present faster sequential algorithms that provide good approximate distances only between “distant” vertices: We obtain an O((m + sn)n ϵ0 time algorithm that computes paths of weight (1+ O (1/polylog n ) dist + O ( w max polylog n ), where dist is the corresponding distance and w max is the maximum edge weight. Our chief instrument, which is of independent interest, are efficient constructions of sparse hop sets . A ( d ,ϵ)-hop set of a network G =( V,E ) is a set E * of new weighted edges such that mimimum-weight d -edge paths in ( V, E, ∪ E* ) have weight within (1+ϵ) of the respective distances in G . We construct hop sets of size O (n 1+ϵ0 ) where ϵ= O (1/polylog n ) and d = O (polylog n ).
Enzymatic Conversion of Odorants in Nasal Mucus Affects Olfactory Glomerular Activation Patterns and Odor Perception (2010)

Odor information is decoded by a combination of odorant receptors, and thus transformed into discrete spatial patterns of olfactory glomerular activity. It has been found, however, that for some odorants, there are differences between the ligand specificity of an odorant receptor in vitro and its corresponding glomerulus in vivo. These observations led us to hypothesize that there exist prereceptor events that affect the local concentration of a given odorant in the nasal mucus, thus causing the apparent specificity differences. Here we show that odorants with functional groups such as aldehydes and esters are targets of metabolic enzymes secreted in the mouse mucus, resulting in their conversion to the corresponding acids and alcohols. The glomerular activation patterns elicited by an enzyme-targeted odorant in the olfactory bulb was different in the presence of an enzyme inhibitor in the mucosa, suggesting that the enzymatic conversion occurs fast enough to affect recognition of the odorant at the levels of olfactory sensory neurons. Importantly, olfactory discrimination tests revealed that mice behaviorally trained to associate an enzyme-targeted odorant to sugar rewards could not discriminate the odorant after treatment with the enzyme inhibitor. These results reveal that the enzymatic conversion of odorants in the nasal mucus appears be fast enough to affect olfactory perception, which sheds light on the previously unappreciated role of nasal mucosal enzymes in odor sensation.
Coated-Platelets Improve Prediction of Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack in Asymptomatic Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis (2014)

Coated-platelet levels identify asymptomatic carotid stenosis patients at high risk for stroke or TIA, which suggests a role for coated-platelets in risk stratification before revascularization.
Antibiotics and upper respiratory infection: do some folks think there is a cure for the common cold. (1996)

A majority of persons receiving medical care for the common cold are given prescriptions for an unnecessary antibiotic. Unchecked, this practice may lead to greater antibiotic resistance and unnecessary use of health care resources. Future research should focus on the ability to institute behavioral changes for treatment of the common cold in both closed systems (eg, managed care) and open systems (eg, general community of physicians).
Application of Phylogenetic Networks in Evolutionary Studies (2005)

The evolutionary history of a set of taxa is usually represented by a phylogenetic tree, and this model has greatly facilitated the discussion and testing of hypotheses. However, it is well known that more complex evolutionary scenarios are poorly described by such models. Further, even when evolution proceeds in a tree-like manner, analysis of the data may not be best served by using methods that enforce a tree structure but rather by a richer visualization of the data to evaluate its properties, at least as an essential first step. Thus, phylogenetic networks should be employed when reticulate events such as hybridization, horizontal gene transfer, recombination, or gene duplication and loss are believed to be involved, and, even in the absence of such events, phylogenetic networks have a useful role to play. This article reviews the terminology used for phylogenetic networks and covers both split networks and reticulate networks, how they are defined, and how they can be interpreted. Additionally, the article outlines the beginnings of a comprehensive statistical framework for applying split network methods. We show how split networks can represent confidence sets of trees and introduce a conservative statistical test for whether the conflicting signal in a network is treelike. Finally, this article describes a new program, SplitsTree4, an interactive and comprehensive tool for inferring different types of phylogenetic networks from sequences, distances, and trees.
Modal Analysis and Application Based on Finite Element Method (2013)

Mode is the natural vibration characteristics of the mechanical structure. Each mode has the specific natural frequency, damping ratio and modal shape. These modal parameters can be obtained by the calculation and experimental analysis. A calculation or test analysis process is called modal analysis. The analysis process is achieved if calculated by the finite element method, is called the analysis of calculating mode. The spindle mode of driving roll was analyzed in this paper. If clear structure in one easy frequency affected range of each order main modal characteristics through modal analysis method, it can predict the vibration response of this band structure of external or internal variety under the action of vibration. Therefore, the modal analysis is an important method for fault diagnosis of structure dynamic design. Comparing theory results with finite element results indicated that the error was less than 10 percent. The accuracy on the shaft modal analysis finite element method was improved.
문경지역 폐탄광지 주변 산림토양의 화학적 성질 및 중금속 함량 (2005)

본 연구에서는 폐탄광 주변 산림의 복원을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 경북 문경지역에 위치한 폐탄광 중 4개의 광산을 대상으로 산림토양의 화학적 특성과 중금속 오염현황을 조사한 결과를 보고한다. 폐탄광지 산림토양의 pH는 5.30~6.76의 범위에 있었으며, 대조구 지역의 토양 pH는 5.23이었다. 폐탄광지역의 산림토양 중 유기물과 전질소 함량은 각각 4.46~7.19%, 0.07~0.15%의 범위에 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 평균 유효인산 함량은 삼창탄광 6.54, 봉명탄광 6.52, 갑정탄광 3.94, 단봉탄광 5.45 그리고 대조구 5.25㎎/㎏으로 토양 pH와 정의 상관을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 폐탄광지역의 치환성양이온 평균 함량은 Ca 196.1, Mg 88.7, K 88.2 그리고 Na 10.2 cmol(+)/㎏로 나타났으며, 그 범위는 Ca 132.1~242.1, Mg 24.2~138.6, K 64.9~120.8 그리고 Na 8~12.2 cmol(+)/kg에 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 대조구 지역의 Ca, Mg, K, Na의 평균 함량은 각각 192.8, 95.8, 104 and 21.2 cmol(+)/㎏로 조사되었다. 폐탄광지 산림토양의 중금속(Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) 함량은 대조구 산림토양보다 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 특히, Al, Mn 그리고 Pb의 함량은 대조구에 비해 폐탄광지가 아주 높은 것으로 나타났다. 폐탄광지 산림토양의 Al 함량은 397~917 ppm으로 나타나 식물생육에 영향을 미칠 수 있을 것으로 추정된다. 그러므로 과거 석탄채굴이 활발하게 이루어졌던 폐탄광지에 대해서는 환경문제를 최소화하기 위하여 산림토양을 대상으로 한 적절한 관리가 필요할 것으로 추정된다.
Investigation on optical performance of transparent displays (2014)

Transparent displays have been expected to widen the scope of display application utilizing see-through function. There are, however, few studies on transmitted image quality of transparent display until now. This paper, therefore, describes the optical performance of transparent displays. In order to evaluate transmitted see-through performance, novel evaluation method, named purity, was developed by measuring the amount of light which can form a transmitted distinct image. The new proposed method could tell how clear the see-through image can be seen, and is consistent with viewer's perception. Our study would give suggestions on the development of transparent displays.
Dentin: microstructure and characterization. (1993)

Dentin consists of several identifiable structures: tubules with cell processes and fluid; highly mineralized peritubular dentin; and intertubular dentin consisting mainly of collagen and deposited apatite. The structural organization and microstructural variations reflect formative influences, such as tooth size and shape, and alterations caused by age, insult, and disease. However, details of structure-chemistry-property relationships for this anisotropic biologic composite are limited. Materials scientists are focusing on an array of new spectroscopic, analytical, and imaging techniques that are yielding improved understanding of structural variations and their dependence on specimen preparation, tooth type, location, storage conditions, and chemical and physical modifications. Such studies should lead to the major refinements in structure-properties models for dentin that are required for continued advances in dental composite resins and adhesives.
Introduction (2019)

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Diagnosis of postoperative pancreatic fistula (2012)

Lipase concentration in the abdominal drain correlated with PF. A threshold of 1000 units/l yielded a high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of clinical PF.
GEOquery: a bridge between the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and BioConductor (2007)

GEOquery is available as part of the BioConductor project.