gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radiation sensitization of chinese hamster V79 cells by paclitaxel (1993)

Abstract Because paclitaxel has been reported to disrupt microtubules and block cells in G2/M of the cell cycle, the radiation response of Chinese hamster V79 cells exposed to various paclitaxel concentrations and durations of exposure was evaluated. Parallel to clonogenic cell survival studies, paclitaxel‐mediated perturbations on the cell cycle were also assessed by flow cytometry. While short‐term incubation (0–6 hr) with 0.1, 1, or 10 μM paclitaxel caused a gradual accumulation of cells into G2/M, no radiosensitization was observed. Incubation with 0.05—1 μM paclitaxel for 12 hr followed by X‐ray treatment resulted in radiosensitization (enhancement ratio at the 10% survival level = 1.7). Paclitaxel concentrations above 1 μM had similar effects on the cell cycle at lower concentrations, yet radiosensitization decreased such that at 10 μM no radiosensitization was observed. Likewise, no radiosensitization was observed for cells incubated for 24 hr with 0.1, 1 or 10 μM paclitaxel and irradiated. Cell cycle analysis indicated that cells receiving less than 0.25 μM paclitaxel for 12 hr were only transiently blocked in mitosis and then went on to complete mitosis; cells receiving greater than 0.25 μM paclitaxel for 12 hr or more became polyploid, i.e., cells moved into a semisynchronous tetraploid G1 state. (Cells irradiated at 24 hr had progressed to a tetraploid G2 state.) Taken as a whole, these results indicate that paclitaxel‐mediated radiosensitization and cell cycle perturbation are both time and concentration dependent. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. .
Clinical and pre-clinical pain assessment: Are we measuring the same thing? (2008)

aDepartment of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pain Research, University of Florida, 200 Newell Drive, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA bDepartment of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Comprehensive Center for Pain Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA cDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section of Clinical Pain Research, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Neurosurgery, Pain Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden *Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +1 352 371 2378. E-mail: [email protected] Submitted December 4, 2007; received in revised form December 14, 2007; accepted December 18, 2007.
Association of Serum γ-Glutamyltransferase Level and Incident Prehypertension in Korean Men (2013)

Several lines of evidence indicate that prehypertension is more atherogenic than normal blood pressure. Serum γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is known to be positively associated with prehypertensive status and the progression of hypertension. However, there have been no prospective studies of serum GGT level as a predictor of prehypertension. Apparently 13,435 healthy men (mean age 42.0 ± 6.6 yr) with normal blood pressure were included in a prospective cohort study in 2005 and were followed up to 2010 with the endpoint being incident of prehypertension. During the follow up period (median 2.80 ± 1.44 yr; actual follow-up 37,679.1 person-year), prehypertension was developed in 7,867 (58.6%) participants. Risk estimations for incident prehypertension were analyzed based on quartiles of serum GGT levels using multivariate adjusted Cox proportional hazards model. In unadjusted model, the hazard ratio for incident prehypertension for the highest 3 quartiles of baseline serum GGT level was 1.21 (1.13-1.29), 1.29 (1.21-1.38), and 1.57 (1.47-1.67) compared the lowest quartile of serum GGT level, respectively (P for trend < 0.001). These associations still remained statistically significant, even after adjusting for multiple covariates. These findings indicate that increased serum GGT level is independently associated with incident prehypertension in Korean men.
Noisy Ventilation Improves Lung Function (2003)

It has been shown that mechanical ventilation in the setting of acute lung injury may propagate additional injury within the lung and numerous studies have been carried out to determine the optimal method of minimizing ventilator induced lung injury while still maintaining life‐sustaining gas exchange. We have found that noise added to tidal volume and frequency, called noisy ventilation, during mechanical ventilation improves both lung mechanics and oxygenation in a rodent model of acute lung injury. Additionally, the standard deviation of the noise appears to be directly related to the magnitude of improvements seen with this ventilation modality in a manner similar to stochastic resonance. Furthermore, healthy guinea pigs that underwent with noisy ventilation exhibited increased surfactant content and reduced plasma proteins than their conventionally ventilated counterparts within the alveolar space of the lung. This suggests that not only did noisy ventilation induce endogenous surfactant release, but also served to reduce ventilator induced lung injury in this animal model. In conclusion, noisy ventilation improves blood oxygenation during acute lung injury and also serves to enhance lung function and reduce ventilator induced lung injury in healthy lungs.
MobiCom poster (2003)

In order to ensure proper quality of service for real-time communication in a mobile wireless Internet environment, it is essential to minimize the transient packet loss when the mobile host (MH) is moving between different cells (subnets) within a domain. This paper introduces application layer techniques to achieve fast handoff for real-time (RTP/UDP) multimedia traffic in a SIP-based signaling environment. These techniques are based on standard SIP components such as user agents and proxies and provide a network-independent solution suitable for application service providers.
Thermal and histological effects of bipolar and monopolar electrosurgical resection of the prostate in a canine model (2007)

Bipolar transurethral resection (TUR) is an alternative to monopolar TUR in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and offers the major advantage of utilizing 0.9% sodium chloride for irrigation. Claims have been made that bipolar electrosurgery in clinical use causes less thermal damage to adjacent tissues. We sought to assess tissue thermometry and histopathologic thermal effects of a bipolar system in comparison to standard monopolar TUR in an animal model. Eight male beagles were studied. A lower midline incision was used to access the prostate. Fiber-optic thermosensors were placed within the prostate. A midline cystotomy was used to perform antegrade resection of the prostate using a bipolar TUR system (VISTA CTR) with normal saline or a monopolar device using glycine. Resection of a 1cm cavity was performed in each lateral lobe. Animals were sacrificed acutely and the prostates excised for histopathological assessment of thermal damage. In both groups, prostatic temperature rises were transient and fell with increasing distance from the resection site. The greatest temperature increase occurred in the monopolar group (24.2 ± 3.9°C) compared to the bipolar group (6.8 ± 1.8°C, p<0.0001). The depth of thermal damage was greatest in the monopolar group (0.59 ± 0.27mm vs 0.15 ±0.02mm in the bipolar arm, p<0.0001). Bipolar TUR generated significantly less heat and produced less histopathological thermal damage compared to monopolar prostatic resection in a canine model. The clinical benefits of these findings remain to be determined.
The Homopolymerization of Monoisocyanates (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Homopolymerization of MonoisocyanatesVictor E. Shashoua, Wilfred Sweeny, and Raymond F. TietzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 4, 866–873Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1960https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01489a026RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views651Altmetric-Citations187LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (865 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
10.1016/0967-0653(93)95052-8 (2000)

The need for better monitoring and modeling of the marine environment has increased dramatically in recent years, in particular, along coastal boundaries and shelf regions where human activities are extensive and pollution has a significant impact. This has been documented in a number of unpredicted events along the coast of Norway, such as storm surges, harmful algal blooms, and oil spills. Systematic integration of remote sensing observations, field observations, and numerical model results is critical for such improvement. We will demonstrate this by presenting examples of (1) model validation by spaceborne infrared (IR) and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) remote sensing observations; and (2) water quality monitoring and simulation using airborne spectrometry and models.
“SKILLS TO SHARE” (1984)

This paper looks at the preparation of direct care staff who, after an initial three‐week orientation period, went on to work in the community with young people who are severely mentally handicapped, all of whom had previously been residents of Northgate Hospital. In order to move children and young people who are severely mentally handicapped back into the community, it is essential to devise a staff training programme which recognises the need for them to be seen in a positive way. This paper briefly describes the underlying values of the training period, its planning and content, and the project itself.
Broadcast and Low Induction Number EM Surveys to Provide Depth to Shallow Saline Waters (2005)

G019 Broadcast and low induction number EM surveys to provide depth to shallow saline waters Abstract 1 The mapping of the presence and depth to saline waters is of importance in Australian agriculture where historical land clearing has led to a slow and economically troublesome rise in saline water tables. Low induction number EM instruments such as the Geonics EM31 are in common use for mapping the spatial extent of shallow salinity but do not provide reliable depth to salt. A theoretical study has shown that the measurement of E and H fields at carrier wave frequencies from broadcast AM
Der Einfluß von Schwermetallhalogeniden auf die Umsetzung zwischen <i>Grignard</i>‐Verbindungen und Schiffschen Basen 11. Mitt. über Reaktionen Schiffscher Basen (1965)

Abstract Die Reaktion zwischen Schiffschen Basen und Grignard‐Verbindungen können durch Metallhalogenide modifizierend beeinflußt werden, indem neben oder an Stelle der normalen Grignard‐Additionsreaktion eine monomere und eine dimerisierende Reduktion der Basen in Erscheinung treten. Wirksam sind Halogenide der Übergangsmetalle aus der 6., 7. und 8. Nebengruppe des Periodensystems. Insbesondere vermögen Kobalt(II)‐ und Eisen(III)‐chlorid die monomere Reduktion zu fördern, während Mangan(II)‐chlorid die dimerisierende Reduktion und Chrom(III)‐chlorid beide Reduktionsweisen begünstigen.
Serotonin Transporter Occupancy of Five Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors at Different Doses: An [<sup>11</sup>C]DASB Positron Emission Tomography Study (2004)

At tolerable doses, SSRIs have increasing occupancy with increasing plasma concentration or dose. Occupancy of 80% across five SSRIs occurs at minimum therapeutic doses. This suggests that 80% 5-HTT blockade is important for therapeutic effect. Occupancy should be measured during development of antidepressant compounds targeting the 5-HTT.
Assembly of an Activated Rhodopsin–Transducin Complex in Nanoscale Lipid Bilayers (2013)

The formation and characterization of an activated complex of the visual pigment rhodopsin and its downstream signaling partner transducin have been the subject of intense focus by several research groups. While the subunit composition of the activated complex is still the subject of some controversy, our laboratory [Xie, G., D'Antona, A. M., Edwards, P. C., Fransen, M., Standfuss, J., Schertler, G. F. X., and Oprian, D. D. (2011) Biochemistry 50, 10399-10407] and that of Ernst et al. [Ernst, O. P., Gramse, V., Kolbe, M., Hofmann, K. P., and Heck, M. (2007) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104, 10859-10864] find that the two proteins are present in a 1/1 molar ratio. Unfortunately, these data could not distinguish a ratio of 1/1 from ratios of 2/2, 3/3, etc. For this reason, we reinvestigated the issue of stoichiometry of the activated complex, exploiting the ability of Nanodisc lipid bilayers to isolate single molecules of rhodopsin. We show here that the purified complex in Nanodiscs contains an activated rhodopsin with a covalently bound all-trans-retinal chromophore, that transducin has an empty nucleotide-binding pocket, that the isolated complex is active and dissociates upon addition of guanine nucleotide, and that the stoichiometry corresponds to exactly one molecule of rhodopsin and one molecule of transducin.
Effect of target biological tissue and choice of light source on penetration depth and resolution in optical coherence tomography (2004)

The effectiveness of an optical coherence tomography (OCT) system depends largely on the light source chosen. Published data on the optical properties of tissues are used to quantify the exponential attenuation of broadband light on transport through tissue. The effective attenuation coefficient is taken to be the sum of the absorption and scattering coefficients. This is used to demonstrate the effect on the spectra of a wide range of published OCT sources and the change in system resolution induced, and hence to comment on the suitability of different sources for OCT. The tissues studied include skin dermis, liver, and gallbladder. Sources at higher wavelengths are shown to be capable of high-resolution OCT imaging at greater depths. Titanium:sapphire lasers would be most suited for high-resolution OCT over comparatively shallow depths into tissue. For lower-resolution applications of OCT, a semiconductor optical amplifier and ytterbium fiber sources have better powers and bandwidths than superluminescent diodes. The resolution of OCT systems is not reduced significantly with imaging depth.
Long-range radiometer measurements with a close-range reference (1993)

A correction procedure is described for the use of a radiometer for transmission measurements. In this application a blackbody is presented to the radiometer at close range as a field calibration. The radiometer is then used to measure atmospheric attenuation by looking at a blackbody source at a much longer range. Three factors that limit the accuracy of this approach to transmission measurements are identified, and a correction factor is derived. The theoretical correction factor is verified by measurements. Excellent agreement between the measurements and the theory suggests that the major factors limiting this technique have been identified and properly accounted for.
Ion Trap Quantum Computing with Warm Ions (2000)

We describe two schemes to manipulate the electronic qubit states of trapped ions independent of the collective vibrational state of the ions. The first scheme uses an adiabatic method, and thus is intrinsically slow. The second scheme takes the opposite approach and uses fast pulses to produce an effective direct coupling between the electronic qubits. This last scheme enables the simulation of a number of nonlinear quantum systems including systems that exhibit phase transitions, and other semiclassical bifurcations. Quantum tunnelling and entangled states occur in such systems. PACS: 42.50.Vk,03.67.Lx, 05.50.+q
Java 5.0 Program Design (2003)

August Release--5.0 Update. 
Java 5.-0 Program Design is about the fundamentals of programming and software development using Java. It is targeted for a first programming course and has been designed to be appropriate for people from all disciplines. The authors assume no prior programming skills and use mathematics and science at a level appropriate to first-year college students. The breadth of coverage and the arrangement of the chapters provide flexibility for the instructor in what and when topics are introduced.

Key to Java 5.0 Program Design is an introduction to problem solving. The basics of problem-solving techniques are introduced in chapter one and then reinforced during the explanations of Java programming and design. In addition, software engineering design concepts are introduced via problem studies and software projects.

This updated version of Java Program Design takes advantage of the improvements to the language introduced with Java 5.0. The additions are especially important for beginning programmers because they help make program design and development a clearer and more straightforward process.
Key Handles: • Good Problem Solving Techniques • Wide Variety of Examples • Placement of Objects first—Aids students in Problem Solving • 5.0 update is included in this revision 
Table of contents

1 Background
2 Java Basics
3 Using Objects
4 Being Classy
5 Decisions
6 Iteration
Graphics Interlude 1: GUI-Based Programming
7 Programming with Methods and Classes
8 Arrays and Collections
9 Inheritance and Polymorphism
Graphics Interlude 2: GUI-Based Programming
10 Exceptions
11 Recursive Problem Solving
12 Threads
13 Testing and Debugging
Appendix A: Tables and Operators
Appendix B: Number Representation
Appendix C: Formatted I/O
Appendix D: Applets
Appendix E: Standard Java Packages
Chelation Therapy for Ischemic Heart Disease (2002)

ContextChelation therapy using EDTA is an unproven but widely used alternative therapy for ischemic heart disease.ObjectiveTo determine if current EDTA protocols have a favorable impact on exercise ischemia threshold and quality of life measures in patients with stable ischemic heart disease.DesignDouble-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial conducted between January 1996 and January 2000.SettingParticipants were recruited from a cohort of cardiac catheterization patients and the practices of cardiologists in Calgary, Alberta.ParticipantsWe screened 3140 patients, performed a qualifying treadmill test in 171, and enrolled 84. Entry criteria included age at least 21 years with coronary artery disease proven by angiography or a documented myocardial infarction and stable angina while receiving optimal medical therapy. The required treadmill test used a gradual ramping protocol and patients had to demonstrate at least 1-mm ST depression.InterventionsPatients were randomly assigned to receive infusion with either weight-adjusted (40 mg/kg) EDTA chelation therapy (n = 41) or placebo (n = 43) for 3 hours per treatment, twice weekly for 15 weeks and once per month for an additional 3 months. Patients in both groups took oral multivitamin therapy as well.Main Outcome MeasureChange from baseline to 27-week follow-up in time to ischemia (1-mm ST depression).ResultsThirty-nine patients in each group completed the 27-week protocol. One chelation patient had therapy discontinued for a transient rise in serum creatinine. The mean (SD) baseline exercise time to ischemia was 572 (172) and 589 (176) seconds in the placebo and chelation groups, respectively. The corresponding mean changes in time to ischemia at 27 weeks were 54 seconds (95% confidence interval [CI], 23-84 seconds; P<.001) and 63 seconds (95% CI, 29-95 seconds; P<.001), for a difference of 9 seconds (95% CI, −36 to 53 seconds; P = .69). Exercise capacity and quality of life scores improved by similar degrees in both groups.ConclusionBased on exercise time to ischemia, exercise capacity, and quality of life measurements, there is no evidence to support a beneficial effect of chelation therapy in patients with ischemic heart disease, stable angina, and a positive treadmill test for ischemia.
Location of human face-selective cortex with respect to retinotopic areas (1999)

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) was used to identify a small area in the human posterior fusiform gyrus that responds selectively to faces (PF). In the same subjects, phase-encoded rotating and expanding checkerboards were used with fMRI to identify the retinotopic visual areas V1, V2, V3, V3A, VP and V4v. PF was found to lie anterior to area V4v, with a small gap present between them. Further recordings in some of the same subjects used moving low-contrast rings to identify the visual motion area MT. PF was found to lie ventral to MT. In addition, preliminary evidence was found using fMRI for a small area that responded to inanimate objects but not to faces in the collateral sulcus medial to PF. The retinotopic visual areas and MT responded equally to faces, control randomized stimuli, and objects. Weakly face-selective responses were also found in ventrolateral occipitotemporal cortex anterior to V4v, as well as in the middle temporal gyrus anterior to MT. We conclude that the fusiform face area in humans lies in non-retinotopic visual association cortex of the ventral form-processing stream, in an area that may be roughly homologous in location to area TF or CITv in monkeys.
Neonatal Detection of Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone (1990)

Generalized resistance to thyroid hormone (GRTH) is an inherited disease that is usually suspected when elevated serum thyroid hormone levels are associated with nonsuppressed thyrotropin. Often these test results are obtained because of short stature, decreased intelligence, and/or hyperactivity with learning disability noted in childhood and adolescence, or because of goiter in adulthood. We detected GRTH at birth by analysis of blood obtained during routine neonatal screening. The proposita, born to a mother with GRTH, had a thyrotropin level of 26 mU/L and a corresponding thyroxine concentration of 656 nmol/L (normal, 84 to 232 nmol/L). Administration of thyroid hormone in doses eightfold to 10-fold above replacement levels (liothyronine sodium, 21 micrograms/kg per day, and levothyroxine sodium, 44 micrograms/kg per day) were required to reduce serum thyrotropin to normal levels without induction of hypermetabolism. This case, and the retrospective finding of high thyroxine levels in five newborns subsequently diagnosed as having GRTH, suggest that measurement of thyroxine at birth, in conjunction with thyrotropin, could allow the early detection of GRTH.
Overview of the Initiative for the Evaluation of XML retrieval (INEX) 2002. (2002)

The INitiative for the Evaluation of XML retrieval (INEX) aims at providing an infrastructure for evaluating the effectiveness of content-oriented XML retrieval. In the first round of INEX, in 2002, a test collection of real world XML documents along with standard topics and respective relevance assessments has been created. Research groups from 36 different organisations participated in this collaborative effort. In this article we describe the test collection and how it was constructed. An overview of the metrics used to evaluate the effectiveness of XML retrieval approaches and of the evaluation results of 51 submissions from the INEX 2002 participants is also provided.