gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acceleration of Diabetic Wound Healing by Low-Dose Radiation is Associated with Peripheral Mobilization of Bone Marrow Stem Cells (2010)

In this study we investigated the effect of repeated low-dose radiation exposure (75 mGy X ray) on skin wound healing in a rat model of diabetes. A skin wound was made on the backs of diabetic and age-matched control rats 60 days after diabetes was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin. Rats with skin wounds were immediately treated with whole-body radiation daily for 5, 10 or 15 days with a 2-day break every 5 days. Wound size was estimated 5, 10 and 15 days after wound formation. Repeated exposure of diabetic rats to low-dose radiation significantly accelerated skin wound healing compared to the nonirradiated diabetic group. Furthermore, low-dose radiation-induced improvement in healing was associated with increases in bone marrow and circulating CD31(+)/CD34(+) stem cells, vessel regeneration and cell proliferation in the wound tissue, and matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 expression. Therefore, we conclude that the acceleration of wound healing in diabetic rats by repeated exposure to low-dose radiation is associated with stimulation of bone marrow stem cell proliferation and peripheral mobilization.
Barcodes: The persistent topology of data (2007)

This article surveys recent work of Carlsson and collaborators on applications of computational algebraic topology to problems of feature detection and shape recognition in high-dimensional data. The primary mathematical tool considered is a homology theory for point-cloud data sets— <bold>persistent homology</bold> —and a novel representation of this algebraic characterization— <bold>barcodes</bold> . We sketch an application of these techniques to the classification of natural images.
Chocolate and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review (2006)

Multiple lines of evidence from laboratory experiments and randomized trials suggest stearic acid may be neutral, while flavonoids are likely protective against CHD mortality. The highest priority now is to conduct larger randomized trials to definitively investigate the impact of chocolate consumption on long-term cardiovascular outcomes.
Operational and Design Considerations for Electric Distribution Systems with Dispersed Storage and Generation (DSG) (1985)

Three studies have examined the operational and planning problems associated with connecting small power sources to an electric distribution system. In one study [ 6], the harmonic distortion produced by a subdivision of PV arrays connected through line-commutated inverters was simulated. A second study [1,2,3] exami ned the protection and safety problems associated with the operation of small ac generators and dc-to-ac inverters. A third study [11] assessed the the effects of dispersed sources on distribution planning and design. The purpose of the studies was to determine the adequacy of the electric utility industryl traditional practices, hardware, and design for the operation of dispersed power sources on electric distribution systems. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the important results of these studies and related studies, give recommendations for accommodating this new technology, and identify areas needing further research.
VALUE-ADDING FACTORS IN COLD-PRESSED EDIBLE SEED OILS AND FLOURS (2006)

This study examined cold-pressed edible seed oil and flour from fruit and other plant sources for value-adding components and properties. The tested fruit seeds included black raspberry, red raspberry, boysenberry, marionberry, blueberry, cranberry, pinot noir grape, and chardonnay grape. The other seeds included onion, parsley, cardamom, mullein, roasted pumpkin, and milk thistle. The oils were examined for fatty acid profile, carotenoids, tocopherols, total phenolic content (TPC), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), DPPH scavenging activity, oxidative stability index (OSI), peroxide value, refractive index, density, and color. The flours were tested for total fat, fatty acid profile, TPC, total anthocyanin content, chelating capacity, HT-29 cancer cell antiproliferation, ORAC, DPPH, and hydroxyl radical scavenging. All of the fruit seed oils contained significant levels of alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) while none of the other seed oils contained a significant amount. The range of alpha-linolenic acid in the fruit seed oils was 19.6 to 32.4 g/100 g with red raspberry seed oil having the highest concentration. Zeaxanthin was the primary carotenoid in all seed oils and comprised approximately 79% of the combined total. Pumpkin seed oil contained the highest concentration of Beta-carotene at 6.0 mg/kg, and onion contained the most alpha-tocopherol from 498-692 mg/kg. Parsley and cardamom seed oil extracts had very high ORAC values of 1,100 and 942 micromol trolox equivalents (TE) per g oil, respectively, and their OSI were not determinable under experimental conditions. Among the seed flours, cranberry was the only sample that contained significant alpha-linolenic acid having 30.7 g/100 g oil, while the parsley seed flour sample contained 86.2 g/100g oleic acid (18:1n-9) and was significantly higher than all others. Milk thistle and chardonnay seed flour extracts had ORAC values of 1131 and 1076 TE micromol/g flour, respectively, and both significantly inhibited the growth of HT-29 cells at 6 mg/mL media. The chardonnay sample killed all cells following 24 h. The obtained data suggests the potential value-adding use of these seed oils and flours as dietary sources of special fatty acids, carotenoids, tocopherols, antioxidants, and antiproliferative agents, for optimal human health.
Diminished Prostaglandin E2 Contributes to the Apoptosis Paradox in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2010)

The observation that PGE(2) deficiency results in increased AEC but reduced fibroblast sensitivity to apoptosis provides a novel pathogenic insight into the mechanisms driving persistent fibroproliferation in IPF.
Testing and centering of lenses by means of a Hartmann test with four holes (1992)

The Hartmann test is frequently performed with a screen with many holes to test the quality of a mirror or the aberrations of a lens. An application of the simplest form of this test with only four holes is described. This test cannot detect spherical aberration, but it may be useful to align optical systems, to detect and measure focus errors, or to detect lens decenterings and coma.
Innate immune activation in neutrophilic asthma and bronchiectasis (2006)

There is evidence of activation of the innate immune system in asthma which results in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and may contribute to the pathogenesis of neutrophilic asthma.
Host Species-Specific Metabolic Fingerprint Database for Enterococci and <i>Escherichia coli</i> and Its Application To Identify Sources of Fecal Contamination in Surface Waters (2005)

ABSTRACT A metabolic fingerprint database of enterococci and Escherichia coli from 10 host groups of animals was developed to trace the sources of fecal contamination in surface waters. In all, 526 biochemical phenotypes (BPTs) of enterococci and 530 E. coli BPTs were obtained from 4,057 enterococci and 3,728 E. coli isolates tested. Of these, 231 Enterococcus BPTs and 257 E. coli BPTs were found in multiple host groups. The remaining 295 Enterococcus BPTs and 273 E. coli BPTs were unique to individual host groups. The database was used to trace the sources of fecal contamination in a local creek. The mean diversities (Di) of enterococci (Di = 0.76 ± 0.05) and E. coli (Di = 0.88 ± 0.04) were high (maximum 1) in water samples, indicating diverse sources of fecal contamination. Overall, 71% of BPTs of enterococci and 67% of E. coli BPTs from water samples were identified as human and animal sources. Altogether, 248 Enterococcus BPTs and 282 E. coli BPTs were found in water samples. Among enterococci, 26 (10%) BPTs were identical to those of humans and 152 BPTs (61%) were identical to those of animals (animal BPTs). Among E. coli isolates, 36 (13%) BPTs were identical to those of humans and 151 (54%) BPTs were identical to those of animals. Of the animal BPTs, 101 (66%) Enterococcus BPTs and 93 (62%) E. coli BPTs were also unique to individual animal groups. On the basis of these unique Enterococcus BPTs, chickens contributed 14% of contamination, followed by humans (10%), dogs (7%), and horses (6%). For E. coli , humans contributed 13% of contamination, followed by ducks (9%), cattle (7%), and chickens (6%). The developed metabolic fingerprint database was able to distinguish between human and animal sources as well as among animal species in the studied catchment.
Antibody Response to a Polysaccharide Antigen Present in the Schistosome Gut (1978)

Specific IgM and IgG antibody to a polysaccharide present in the epithelial cells of the gut of adult schistosomes was measured in four groups of infected patients: I) patients with documented acute schistosomiasis; II) Americans exposed to schistosomiasis within the preceding 0--4 years; III) chronically and heavily infected patients, mostly from Puerto Rico, without hepatomegaly or hepatosplenomegaly; and IV) heavily infected Brazilian children with hepatic or hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. Specific IgM and IgG titers were both highest in the acute Group I patients and lowest in the chronically infected Groups III and IV. Total IgG and IgM levels were compared to specific antibody titers. Immunoglobulin levels tended to follow specific antibody titers except in the chronically infected Groups III and IV in which total IgG rose to high levels. The decrease in specific antigen titers over the course of time occurred despite continued antigenic stimulation and suggests a modulation of the humoral response. The mechanism remains obscure.
XII.—<i>On some Ectoparasitic Rotatoria of the Bay of Naples</i> (1888)

(1888). XII.—On some Ectoparasitic Rotatoria of the Bay of Naples. Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Vol. 2, No. 7, pp. 86-112.
Wheel Slip Control via Second-Order Sliding-Mode Generation (2009)

During skid braking and spin acceleration, the driving force exerted by the tires is reduced considerably, and the vehicle cannot speed up or brake as desired. It may become very difficult to control the vehicle under these conditions. To solve this problem, a second-order sliding-mode traction controller is presented in this paper. The controller design is coupled with the design of a suitable sliding-mode observer to estimate the tire-road adhesion coefficient. The traction control is achieved by maintaining the wheel slip at a desired value. In particular, by controlling the wheel slip at the optimal value, the proposed traction control enables antiskid braking and antispin acceleration, thus improving safety in difficult weather conditions, as well as stability during high-performance driving. The choice of second-order sliding-mode control methodology is motivated by its robustness feature with respect to parameter uncertainties and disturbances, which are typical of the automotive context. Moreover, the proposed second-order sliding-mode controller, in contrast to conventional sliding-mode controllers, generates continuous control actions, thus being particularly suitable for application to automotive systems.
Tris (Hydroxymethyl) Aminomethane (THAM)—a New Buffer for Therapeutic Use (1962)

For many years, sodium bicarbonate has proved reasonably effective for treatment of acidosis. It is also the preferred treatment of salicylate poisoning in children under the age of 2 years.<sup>1-3</sup>Its use, however, has some disadvantages. In the first place, it is ineffective in the treatment of respiratory acidosis. Second, it must be administered with caution in certain situations, such as acute renal failure, since the amount of sodium which must be administered concomitantly may be prohibitively large.<sup>4</sup>As Gamble has pointed out, bicarbonate is a relatively inefficient buffer at the pH of extracellular fluid, its buffering capacity being only one-fourth as great as at its isoelectric point of 6.1.<sup>5</sup> Organic buffers have been used for in vitro buffering since 1949.<sup>6</sup>Some have proved remarkably stable and of low toxicity, and in 1959 Nahas first reported on the use of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (THAM) in vivo.<sup>7</sup>THAM
Laser Doppler vibrometer with body vibration compensation (2003)

We report the development of a novel dual-beam laser Dop- pler vibrometer (LDV) that can eliminate the perturbation due to the vi- brometer body vibration without any external reference surface. A re- sidual laser beam from the beamsplitter is used to pick up the vibration of the damper, which is mounted in the vibrometer, and is combined with the reference beam at the photodetector. The output signal of this detec- tor and the main signal are processed to extract the object vibration, using a least-mean-squares adaptive algorithm. It is shown experimen- tally that the slowly varying statistics of the body vibration, which are valid in most practical cases, can be effectively removed from the mea- sured signal using digital signal processing (DSP) technology. © 2003
Effects of Metal Ion Type on Ionomer-Assisted Reactive Toughening of Poly(lactic acid) (2013)

In this study, toughening of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) through reactive blending with epoxy-containing elastomer and ionomer was investigated. Four commercial ionomers based on the poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) (EMAA) precursor were evaluated in this study, which contained zinc, magnesium, sodium, an lithium ions, respectively. Effects of metal ion type, elastomer/ionomer weight ratio and blending temperature on impact toughness of PLA ternary blends were studied. The toughening effects of metal ions of the ionomers is in the order of Zn > Mg > Li ≈ Na. High blending temperature and high elastomer/ionomer ratio both promoted the effective toughening of the PLA ternary blends. The reactive compatibilization and cross-linking of the epoxy-containing elastomer were analyzed using FT-IR, SEM, dynamic mechanical analysis, and torque rheology. In addition, the effect of metal ion type on thermal degradation of PLA was also examined.
The visual hull concept for silhouette-based image understanding (1994)

Many algorithms for both identifying and reconstructing a 3-D object are based on the 2-D silhouettes of the object. In general, identifying a nonconvex object using a silhouette-based approach implies neglecting some features of its surface as identification clues. The same features cannot be reconstructed by volume intersection techniques using multiple silhouettes of the object. This paper addresses the problem of finding which parts of a nonconvex object are relevant for silhouette-based image understanding. For this purpose, the geometric concept of visual hull of a 3-D object is introduced. This is the closest approximation of object S that can be obtained with the volume intersection approach; it is the maximal object silhouette-equivalent to S, i.e., which can be substituted for S without affecting any silhouette. Only the parts of the surface of S that also lie on the surface of the visual hull can be reconstructed or identified using silhouette-based algorithms. The visual hull depends not only on the object but also on the region allowed to the viewpoint. Two main viewing regions result in the external and internal visual hull. In the former case the viewing region is related to the convex hull of S, in the latter it is bounded by S. The internal visual hull also admits an interpretation not related to silhouettes. Algorithms for computing visual hulls are presented and their complexity analyzed. In general, the visual hull of a 3-D planar face object turns out to be bounded by planar and curved patches.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
90: Subglottic Spread of Glottic Carcinoma: The Significance of Laryngeal Size as Related to Gender (1995)

Objective: Although it is accepted that there are size differences between female and male larynges, criteria for conservation laryngeal surgery for glottic carcinoma have not specifically addressed this matter. A laryngeal cadaveric anatomic study was undertaken to determine if the current criteria for conservation laryngeal surgery for glottic carcinoma is uniformly applicable to the female larynx. The past several decades have seen an increase in tobacco use among women, accompanied by an increased incidence of laryngeal cancer, thus underlying the relevance of a study of this natureMethods: Anterior midline measurements between key landmarks of the larynges of 10 female and seven male cadavers were carried out and assessed. These measurements included the following: (1) anterior commissure to inferior border of thyroid ala distance; (2) anterior commissure to superior border of cricoid cartilage distance; and (3) anterior commissure to inferior border of cricoid cartilage distanceResults: The mean anterior commissure to inferior border of thyroid ala distance was 8.3 mm (range, 6 to 10 mm) in females and 11.8 mm (range, 10 to 13 mm) in males. The mean anterior commissure to superior border of cricoid cartilage distance was 17.5 mm (range, 15 to 21 mm) in females and 21.4 mm (range, 18 to 25 mm) in males. The mean anterior commissure to inferior border of cricoid cartilage distance was 23.7 mm (range, 20 to 27 mm) in females and 30 mm (range 26 to 35 mm) in malesConclusions: The female cadaveric larynges were, on average, smaller than those of the male counterparts studied with regard to all investigated parameters. Of specific interest was the difference in the mean anterior commissure to inferior border of thyroid ala distance between female and male specimens. Classic teaching indicates that conservation laryngeal surgery for glottic carcinoma with less than 10 mm of anterior subglottic spread is oncologically sound, because tumor would theorectically be contained within the thyroid ala. Our data suggest that use of conservation laryngeal techniques in some female patients having glottic carcinoma with less than 10 mm anterior subglottic spread may be contraindicated, because spread to the level of the cricothyroid membrane (and thus extralaryngeal access) can occur well within this distance
ONLINE SPECIALTY FOOD CONSUMERS IN 2000: WHO THEY ARE AND WHAT THEY BUY (2001)

This report is the result of the fourth in a series of surveys describing the population of Internet users who visit food and drink sites online. It examines their demographic characteristics and online shopping activity and identifies subsets of this population that have made more frequent online transactions. Approximately 26 percent of respondents reported making an average of 4.4 specialty food or beverage purchases online in the previous six months. Nearly 25 percent of respondents' most recent purchases were made from 7 companies. An additional ten companies accounted for 15 percent of their most recent purchases. The remaining 60 percent of purchases were distributed among 602 other companies.
Methylamine reaction and denaturation-dependent fragmentation of complement component 3. Comparison with alpha2-macroglobulin. (1980)

Complement protein C-3 can covalently incoporate [14C]methylamine with a stoichiometry of 0.85 +/- 0.11 mol/mol of protein. The reactive site is located in the larger, Mr = 135,000 peptide subunit of C-3. The methylamine is incorporated as a derivative of glutamic acid, viz. as gamma-glutamylmethylamide, which was identified by high performance liquid chromatography and low resolution mass spectroscopy. C-3 was shown to undergo a specific, denaturation-dependent protein fragmentation in sodium dodecyl sulfate at 90 degrees C. The cleavage results in the partial conversion of the Mr = 135,000 subunit to fragments of Mr = 84,000 and 53,000. The cleavage is completely prevented by reaction of C-3 with methylamine prior to the 90 degrees C incubation. The site of methylamine incorporation (the glutamyl residue) and the peptide fragmentation reaction have been reported for alpha2-macroglobulin (Howard, J.B., Vermeulen, M., and Swenson, R. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 3820-3823). A comparison of the results for the two proteins suggests that they have a common reactive site.
Expression of Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ) Type III Receptor Restores Autocrine TGFβ1 Activity in Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells (1997)

While transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) type III receptor (RIII) is known to increase TGFbeta1 binding to its type II receptor (RII), the significance of this phenomenon is not known. We used human breast cancer MCF-7 cells to study the role of RIII in regulating autocrine TGFbeta1 activity because they express very little RIII and no detectable autocrine TGFbeta activity. A tetracycline-repressible RIII expression vector was stably transfected into this cell line. Expression of RIII increased TGFbeta1 binding to TGFbeta type I receptor (RI) as well as RII. Treatment with tetracycline suppressed RIII expression and abolished TGFbeta1 binding to RI and RII. Growth of RIII-transfected cells was reduced by 40% when plated at low density on plastic. This reduction was reversed by tetracycline treatment and was partially reversed by treatment with a TGFbeta1 neutralizing antibody. The activity of a TGFbeta-responsive promoter construct when transiently transfected was more than 3-fold higher in the RIII-transfected cells than in the control cells. Treating the cells with tetracycline or the TGFbeta1 neutralizing antibody also significantly attenuated the increased promoter activity. These results suggest that expression of RIII restored autocrine TGFbeta1 activity in MCF-7 cells. The RIII-transfected cells were also much less clonogenic in soft agarose than the control cells indicating a reversion of progression. Thus, RIII may be essential for an optimal level of the autocrine TGFbeta activity in some cells, especially in the transformed cells with reduced RII expression.
Inhibition of interleukin-8 reduces human malignant pleural mesothelioma propagation in nude mouse model. (1999)

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), despite current therapeutic strategies, is still an aggressive tumor with a very poor prognosis. Interleukin-8 (IL-8), a proinflammatory and angiogenic cytokine, has an important role in tumor-related neovascularization. IL-8 has also been described to function as an autocrine growth factor. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of IL-8 antibody (IL-8 Ab) on progression of MPM in vivo. Athymic nude mice (n = 65) were injected intrapleurally with human MPM cells (CRL-2081), equally divided into three groups (IL-8 Ab, control Ab, untreated), and received IP injection of IL-8 Ab, control Ab, or no treatment, respectively, every 48 h up to 15 days. Pleural fluid and serum IL-8 levels, and tumor and body weight of mice were measured following 5, 10, and 15 days of tumor injection. We found that both pleural fluid and serum IL-8 levels were significantly (P < 0.0001) lower in mice that received IL-8 Ab when compared to the other groups. In this group, lower IL-8 levels were associated with a decreased rate of tumor growth. There was a significant and direct correlation between pleural fluid IL-8 levels and tumor weight of all animals enrolled in this study (P < 0.0001, r = 0.88). We demonstrate that antibody treatment against IL-8 decreased human MPM progression. Our results suggest that treatments targeting the decrease of MPM-associated IL-8 levels or the effects of this protein may inhibit mesothelioma growth.