gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An on-line unsupervised learning machine for adaptive feature extraction (1994)

Adaptive feature extraction is useful in many information processing systems. This paper proposes a learning machine implemented via a neural network to perform such a task using the tool principal component analysis. This machine (1) is adaptive to nonstationary input, (2) is based on an unsupervised learning concept and requires no knowledge of if, or when, the input changes statistically, and (3) performs online computation that requires little memory or data storage. Associated with this machine, the authors propose a learning algorithm (LEAP), whose convergence properties are theoretically analyzed and whose performance is evaluated via computer simulations. Two major contributions of this paper are: (1) Under appropriate conditions, the authors prove that the algorithm will extract multiple principal components, when the learning rate is constant; and (2) they identify a near optimal domain of attraction.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
WILD, WILD WORLD (1999)

SUBTITLE: INTERNATIONAL BANK LETTER OF CREDIT IS SHIPPER'S BEST LOSS PROTECTION IN EMERGING MARKETS.
Bewertung der Evertebraten-Biodiversität landwirtschaftlicher Nutzflächen – Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Nutzung biotischer Elemente als Indikatoren für Biodiversität der Agrarlandschaft (2013)

In many cases the term „biodiversity“ is used in a very simplistic way: a “more” of species or genetical variations is undifferentiatedly judged as positive. In consequence, in the political conversion a topping of the landscape with as much structural elements as possible is regarded as the way for a most efficient enhancement of biodiversity. This paper shows that beside quantity (maximum no. of species) also the quality (enhancement of habitat specialists) is of significant importance, that in certain regions even agricultural areas poor in structural elements are able to promote qualitative biodiversity and that even areas under plough deliver their contribution to save biodiversity of rural landscapes. Biotic indicators on the basis of invertebrates to evaluate the quality of arable land are demonstrated and perspectives and limitations of their application shown including examples for the application of surrogate indicators. Finally, it is demonstrated that even in the well investigated agro-ecosystems remain significant deficiencies regarding the assessment and knowledge of certain zoological which have to be solved in order to enable us for a sound and profound evaluation of “biodiversity”.
ChemInform Abstract: CATALYSIS BY PHTHALOCYANINES, XXI. HYDROGENATION AND DEHYDROFORMYLATION OF HYDRATROPIC ALDEHYDES ON NICKEL PHTHALOCYANINE (1976)

Abstract Die Hydratropaaldehyde (I) werden an Ni‐pc bei 120‐,300°C zu Hydratropaalkoholen hydriert und zu Styrolen dehydroformyliert, die ihrerseits zu den entsprechenden Äthylbenzolen hydriert werden.
United States Department of Agriculture Egg Promotion Spots (1959)

Short radio announcements encouraging listeners to add tasty, nutritious eggs to their menus at bargain prices.
Sphingosine inhibits the activity of rat liver CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase. (1990)

We report CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CT) as another target enzyme of sphingosine actions in addition to the well-characterized protein kinase C. Effects of sphingosine and lysophingolipids were studied on the activity of purified cytidylyltransferase prepared by the method of Weinhold et al. (Weinhold, P. A., Rounsifer, M.E., and Feldman, D.A. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 5104-5110). The sphingolipids were tested as components of egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) vesicles, 25 mol% sphingosine inhibited the CT activity by about 50%. The inhibition of CT by sphingosine and lysosphingolipids was reversible. Sphingosine was found to be a reversible inhibitor of CT with respect to the activating lipids such as phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, and fatty acid:phosphatidylcholine vesicles. Egg PC vesicles containing sphingosine, psychosine (galactosylsphingosine), glucopsychosine (glucosylsphingosine), and lysosphingomyelin (sphingosylphosphorylcholine) suppressed the activation by PC/oleic acid vesicles, whereas the parent sphingolipids did not. Egg PC vesicles containing oleylamine and hexadecyltrimethylamine inhibited CT activity, whereas egg PC-octylamine vesicles did not alter the enzyme activity. This indicates the importance of an amino group and long alkyl chain. LysoPC, a known detergent, did not inhibit the enzyme activity under the same assay conditions in which sphingosine inhibited. These results are the first report of a lipid inhibitor of purified CT.
Rolling shutter correction for video with large depth of field (2013)

Rolling shutter correction has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Several algorithms have been proposed to correct the distortion. Previous methods on rolling shutter correction did not consider depth variations in the scene. In this work, we overcome the limitation of the previous works that the depth of field in the scene is small. We present a correction model for rectifying the rolling shutter video based on the depth maps estimated from the rolling shutter video. In addition, we propose a two-stage optimization algorithm to estimate the temporal camera motion and the associated depth maps. Experimental results show the improvement of the proposed rolling shutter correction algorithm that takes the depth information into account.
Support of cooperating and distributed business processes (2002)

Workflow management systems/business process management systems (BPMS) provide for an integral support of computer-based information processing, personal activities, business procedures and their relationships to organizational structures. They support the modeling and analysis of so-called business processes and offer means for the application-near design and implementation of computer-based business process assistance. Mainly, the BPMSs concentrate on the support of enterprise-internal processes. Our approach extends the scope of business process management. Enterprise-internal processes are viewed as sub-processes of global inter-enterprise processes. Additional global process assistance is based on the definition of global activity models and global information models. Features of dynamic naming and binding can be provided by business process brokers, which extend the concepts of object trading to the trading of opportunities to participate in global processes.
Poultry grading: State grading system for meat poultry could improve marketing (1953)

Sound marketing practices for meat poultry would be promoted by the standardization of grading at the processing point and in the retail trade.
Gaussian Mixture Model-Based Subspace Modeling for Semantic Concept Retrieval (2015)

Data mining and machine learning methods have been playing an important role in searching and retrieving multimedia information from all kinds of multimedia repositories. Although some of these methods have been proven to be useful, it is still an interesting and active research area to effectively and efficiently retrieve multimedia information under difficult scenarios, i.e., detecting rare events or learning from imbalanced datasets. In this paper, we propose a novel subspace modeling framework that is able to effectively retrieve semantic concepts from highly imbalanced datasets. The proposed framework builds positive subspace models on a set of positive training sets, each of which is generated by a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) that partitions the data instances of a target concept (i.e., the original positive set of the target concept) into several subsets and later merges each subset with the original positive data instances. Afterwards, a joint-scoring method is proposed to fuse the final ranking scores from all such positive subspace models and the negative subspace model. Experimental results evaluated on a public-available benchmark dataset show that the proposed subspace modeling framework is able to outperform peer methods commonly used for semantic concept retrieval.
A Fully Digital Phase Modulator With a Highly Linear Phase Calibration Loop for Wideband Polar Transmitters (2018)

This brief presents a digital phase modulator for wideband polar transmitters. It adopts a digital-to-time converter (DTC) and a highly linear phase calibration loop that improves phase resolution for high data-rate systems. The proposed 10-bit DTC consists of a coarse 5-bit cascaded delay line and a fine 5-bit digitally controlled delay line. This DTC achieves a fine delay resolution with digitally controlled varactors and is capable of introducing incremental delays as small as 2.49 ps. A phase calibration loop based on an advanced successive approximation register (SAR) time-to-digital converter (TDC) is nested inside the phase modulator and sets the DTC output phase accurately across the range of input digital codes. The SAR TDC also compensates for any process, voltage, and temperature variations. By using the proposed SAR TDC-based calibration loop, the phase modulator can achieve a high sampling rate and a fine phase resolution. This was possible because the number of phase comparisons of the SAR TDC has been significantly reduced. The phase modulator achieves 0.61 degrees root-mean-square phase error and a 30 MS/s sampling rate at the carrier frequency of 600 MHz while consuming 9.4 mW. This phase modulator is implemented in a 180-nm CMOS technology and occupies 0.19 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Structural, spectroscopic and angular-overlap studies of tripodal pyridine ligands with nickel(II) and zinc(II) (1996)

Zinc(II) and nickel(II) complexes [M{(X(C5H4N)3}2]2+], where X(C5H4N)3 are symmetrical tripodal nitrogendonor ligands with X = CH, N or P, have been prepared and examined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and single-crystal electronic spectroscopy. The structural studies, and the application of the angular overlap model to the spectroscopic results, confirm previous results on the bonding characteristics of pyridine and provide a unique way of establishing the effect of the bridgehead atom, X. The cations are all centrosymmetric with the ligand ‘bite’ angles N–M–N 85.2(1)–88.5(2)°, resulting in a slight trigonal distortion from octahedral geometry. The ligand fields in the three nickel compounds are very similar and the large ligand-field splitting is consistent with the rather short metal-nitrogen bond lengths. The pyridine groups act as moderately strong σ-donor and weak π-donor ligands, with no evidence of conjugation of the π system across the bridgehead atom. The crystal structure of [Ni{CH(C5H4N)3}2][NO3]2 shows the complex cation to have crystallographic symmetry such that there is one independent Ni–N interaction of 2.069(2)Å. The corresponding zinc complex, isolated as its dibromide nonahydrate salt, has crystallographic 2/m symmetry with two Zn–N contacts of 2.123(5)Å being shorter than the others, i.e. 2.141(3)Å. In the phosphine analogue, [Zn{P(C5H4N)3}2]2+, isolated as its diperchlorate monohydrate salt, the Zn2+ cation is situated on a site of symmetry with one Zn–N distance [2.145(4)Å] being shorter than the other two, 2.162(4) and 2.173(4)Å. Small trigonal distortions from the ideal octahedral geometry are due to the restricted bite distances of the tripodal ligands.
Fuzzy logic for depth control of unmanned undersea vehicles (2002)

Fuzzy logic is a viable control strategy for depth control of undersea vehicles. It has been applied to the low speed ballast control problem for ARPA's unmanned undersea vehicle (UUV), designed and built by Draper. A fuzzy logic controller has been designed and tested in simulation that issues pump commands to effect changes in the UUV depth, while also regulating the pitch angle of the vehicle. The fuzzy logic controller performs comparably to the current ballast control design. The controller is also less sensitive to variations in the vehicle configuration and dynamics. The benefits of the fuzzy logic approach for this problem are: 1) simplicity, by not requiring a dynamic model, thus allowing for rapid development of a working design and less sensitivity to plant variations; 2) better matching of the control strategy and complexity with performance objectives and limitations; 3) the insight provided and easy modification of the controller, through the use of linguistic rules.
An investigation and conceptual model of SMS marketing (2004)

Mobile marketing, also known as wireless marketing, promises vast opportunities. Still in an experimental phase, businesses have little experience using this new marketing tool. Mobile services offer companies powerful marketing potential via direct communication with consumers, anytime and anywhere, but little research on this subject exists. This paper discusses Short Message Services (SMS), which belong to the first and most successful forms of mobile data transmission. Based on a literature review and exploratory qualitative research, this paper defines mobile marketing, describes its most popular application, text messaging, introduces a conceptual model of success factors for implementing mobile marketing, and proposes future research avenues.
Mix flexibility and volume flexibility in a build‐to‐order environment (2007)

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the factors enabling or hindering the simultaneous pursuit of volume flexibility and mix flexibility within a supply chain through the lens of a manufacturing plant seeking to implement a build‐to‐order (BTO) strategy. Design/methodology/approach To accomplish this empirical investigation, an in‐depth case study involving a manufacturing plant and its supply chain was designed. Prior to primary and secondary data collection, this research setting had already decided to implement a BTO strategy and had, moreover, carefully assessed several practices for BTO strategy implementation, as well as their interactions. Findings The studied case suggests that a number of approaches typically used to increase volume flexibility, actually negatively affect mix flexibility and vice versa. The existence of such trade‐offs may ultimately inhibit the implementation of a BTO strategy and this was the case in the studied company. Nevertheless, empirical evidence also suggests that, to some extent, volume flexibility and mix flexibility may be achieved synergistically, as initiatives such as component standardization or component‐process interface standardization would improve both volume flexibility and mix flexibility. Research limitations/implications The pursuit of volume flexibility and mix flexibility in implementing a BTO strategy in a specific setting and from primarily an operations management perspective was investigated. As such, the findings can be complemented by viewing the case study results through the lens of other established general management theories or by replicating the study in different research settings. Originality/value While past research informs us about how manufacturing firms can successfully achieve mix flexibility or volume flexibility, there are few insights for understanding how volume flexibility and mix flexibility can both be simultaneously achieved within a manufacturing plant and its supply chain. This research fills this gap in the literature and contributes to the development of a theory of BTO strategy implementation, especially in terms of volume flexibility, mix flexibility and their interactions.
Ácidos grasos de cadena corta (ácido butírico) y patologías intestinales (2017)

The use of oral supplementation with butyric acid is a promising strategy in pathologies such as inflammatory bowel diseases and irritable bowel syndrome. Bio-available butyric acid formulations with acceptable organoleptic characteristics are being advanced.
Rehabilitation and Return to Sport After Scaphoid Fractures (2012)

SUMMARY SCAPHOID FRACTURES ARE VERY DISRUPTING FOR THE ATHLETIC POPULATION. THE PURPOSE OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO DESCRIBE A GENERAL REHABILITATION PROGRAM THAT INCLUDES A VARIETY OF RANGE OF MOTION AND STRENGTHENING EXERCISES TO ASSIST IN THE REHABILITATION OF SCAPHOID INJURY AND RETURN TO PLAY.
Self-assembled gradient nanoparticle-polymer multilayers investigated by an advanced characterization method: microbeam grazing incidence x-ray scattering (2003)

We investigated a gradient of nanometer-sized, self-assembled gold clusters on top of a thin polymer film. Using an advanced characterization method for gradient surfaces and thin films, the characteristic change in cluster height is detected. Our unprecedented approach combining a powerful thin-film characterization method with a micrometer-sized x-ray beam enhances the spatial resolution used thus far by two orders of magnitude. We show that this advanced concept allows for a nondestructive and contact-free reconstruction of the three-dimensional structure and morphology of the nanocluster gradient layer. Despite its change in thickness, the individual clusters’ in-plane shape and distance remains constant.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties of 4′‐Substituted Rosamine Fluorophores and Naphthyl Analogues (2012)

Abstract A series of rosamine fluorophores was obtained by reaction of the appropriate benzaldehyde and 3‐(diethylamino)phenol followed by an oxidation step. Both conventional heating and microwave irradiation methods were utilized, and higher yields in a remarkably shorter period of time (10 min) were achieved by using the microwave irradiation protocol under closed vessel conditions (80 °C). The nitro‐substituted rosamine was further converted into the corresponding amino derivative through Pd/C‐catalysed hydrogenation. The synthetic protocol used for rosamines was also successfully employed to synthesise naphthyl analogues by using 1‐ and 2‐naphthaldehyde. In the latter case, a novel hydroxy analogue was also obtained as a minor product. The photophysical behaviour of all the rosamines was studied in different solvents to rationalize the influence of the substituent groups on the electronic distribution, the effect of steric hindrance caused by the naphthyl ring, and the effect of the solvent. The results demonstrate that the introduction of different substituents in the periphery of the rosamine framework (in particular NO 2 and NH 2 groups) alters the fluorescence properties of the molecule such as emission wavelength and fluorescence quantum yield. All the rosamines are shown to be more fluorescent in dichloromethane than in more polar solvents such as ethanol. The spectroscopic properties of the 4′‐carboxy‐substituted rosamine, which is particularly attractive for labelling purposes, was also studied at physiological pH.
Bistable optical switching using electrochemically generated bubbles (1990)

We demonstrate a novel bistable optical waveguide switch, which may be suitable for incorporation in large-dimension optical cross connects. The switching is based on the electrolytic creation and catalytic destruction of bubbles and is both wavelength and polarization independent. Calculations indicate that low losses and cross talk, which are crucial for large switching arrays, can be achieved with the combination of materials used in the prototype. The intrinsic bistability of the switch eliminates the need for a holding voltage and permits matrix addressing.
Utilizing Favorites Lists for Better Recommendations (2014)

We present two new models that take into account the information available in user-created "favorites" lists for enhancing the quality of item recommendation. The first model uses the popularity and ratings of items in the lists to predict ratings for new items to users that have rated some items on the lists. The second model is a matrix factorization model that incorporates lists as implicit feedback in ratings prediction. We compare our two approaches against another work for utilizing favorites lists, as well as the popular Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) ontwo large Amazon datasets and show that utilizing favorites lists gives significant improvements, especially in cold-start cases.
Excitatory amino acids, free radicals and the pathogenesis of motor neuron disease (1994)

The cause of motor neuron disease (MND) remains unknown, but the pathogenic involvement of excitatory amino acid (EAA) neurotransmitters and related exogenous compounds has been proposed. We discuss current concepts of the mechanisms of action of EAAs and the evidence for links between these neurotransmitters and free radical hypotheses of neuronal damage. These concepts are especially pertinent following reports of mutations in the gene encoding the free radical scavenging enzyme, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, in familial MND. New approaches to treatment are suggested by advances in understanding of the disease.
Evidence that embryonic kidney cells expressing flk-1 are intrinsic, vasculogenic angioblasts (1996)

Renal glomerular capillary tufts have been believed to arise from angiogenic ingrowth of extrinsic vessels. We found, however, that when embryonic day 12 (E12) mouse kidneys were maintained in culture for 6 days and then grafted into anterior eye chambers of adult transgenic ROSA26 host mice (which carry the beta-galactosidase transgene), glomerular endothelial cells within the grafts were predominantly of intrinsic, kidney origin. To identify potential endothelial precursors, we immunolabled kidneys with antibodies against the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, flk-1. Numerous discrete cells expressing flk-1 were scattered throughout the nephrogenic mesenchyme of both E12 and newborn kidneys, and with development these cells became concentrated in microvessels, glomerular vascular clefts, and glomerular tufts. In adults, flk-1 was weakly expressed in glomeruli but absent elsewhere. To examine abilities of flk-1-positive cells to establish glomeruli, E12 kidneys were grafted into kidney cortices of adult and newborn ROSA26 hosts. Grafts into adults resulted in few glomeruli containing host-derived endothelium, whereas a majority of glomeruli grafted into newborns contained host cells. Cells of graft origin were found in vessels forming in renal cortices of newborn hosts, but not in adults. Our findings indicate that embryonic kidney cells expressing flk-1 are angioblasts that create microvessels and glomeruli by vasculogenesis.
High deposition rate laser direct writing of Al on Si (1991)

We report, for the first time, the direct write laser patterning of highly conductive Al from a liquid precursor, triisobutylaluminum (TIBA). Al wires were written on Si with a scanned Ar+ laser from liquid TIBA at speeds of up to several mm/s. Wires 3 μm wide by 1 μm high with a resistivity of 5.6 μΩ cm were routinely achievable.
Fundamental Bandwidth Limitation for Small Antennas on a Platform (2006)

Classical theory on fundamental gain bandwidth limitation for antennas constrained by their electrical size has been extensively examined, and is collectively referred to here as the Chu theory [1]. However, there are major shortcomings and ambiguities in the Chu theory when applied to real world problems, as pointed out recently by this author [2]. One problem is the case of an antenna on a platform, as depicted in Fig. 1, where the antenna is generally inseparable from the transceiver/platform. In fact, in some designs the main radiator is the platform or transceiver, not the antenna per se. Thus, the extent and size of the antenna become ambiguous. Also, the Chu theory is valid only for high Q (Quality factor). With the platform becoming part of it, the antennas effective size is increased and its Q can be lowered beyond the realm of the Chu theory.