gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frustrated Lewis Pair Catalyzed Hydroamination of Terminal Alkynes (2013)

Katalytische Mengen der Lewis-Säure B(C6F5)3 ermöglichen die Hydroaminierung endständiger Alkine mit Arylaminen zu Enaminen. Nach den Ergebnissen der stöchiometrischen Reaktionen ist ein frustriertes Lewis-Paar (FLP) am Mechanismus dieser Reaktion beteiligt. Der Hydroaminierung kann eine FLP-katalysierte Hydrierung folgen, entsprechend einer schrittweisen Synthese von Aminderivaten in einem Gefäß.
De Bruijn sequences for Spread Spectrum applications: Analysis and results (2010)

This paper deals with the analysis of the correlation properties, and radar-related properties, of a family of binary sequences known as De Bruijn sequences. They are considered in the framework of Spread Spectrum applications, and compared to other solutions, such as those adopting chaos-based sequences. Due to the complexity of the generation process, the analysis of De Bruijn sequences is limited to sequences with a length of 32 bits. Results show that in some scenarios, and with given assumptions, De Bruijn sequences may provide improved performance with respect to systems adopting chaotic sequences.
Increase in Luminal Mast Cell and Epithelial Damage May Account for Increased Airway Responsiveness after Viral Infection in Dogs (1989)

To elucidate the mechanisms of airway hyperresponsiveness induced by viral infection, we examined histologically and analyzed bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid using dogs infected with influenza C and noninfected control dogs. Airway responsiveness was assessed as inhaled acetylcholine concentration required to increase pulmonary resistance by 5 cm H2O/L/s (ACh PC). Airway responsiveness was determined before and 2 wk after virus or vehicle inoculation in infected and control dogs, and BAL and histologic studies were performed after the final challenge. Differential cell numbers and histamine concentration were determined in the BAL fluids of both groups. The ACh PC of control dogs did not change with the vehicle inoculation. However, that of infected dogs decreased two to five times as much as their initial value with viral infection. Histologic studies revealed diffuse epithelial damage in the central airways of infected dogs, but infiltrated cell counts within the airway tissue of both groups were not significantly different. From BAL analysis, mast cell number and the histamine concentration of infected dogs increased significantly compared with those of control dogs (3.1 +/- 0.4 x 10(5) versus 0.9 +/- 0.3 x 10(5) cells/ml and 7.3 +/- 1.7 versus 1.9 +/- 0.5 ng/ml, respectively). Luminal mast cell number and epithelial damage score in each dog was correlated with the increase in airway responsiveness. These findings indicate that airway inflammation in virus-induced hyperreactive dogs is characterized by epithelial damage and luminal increase in mast cells and related mediators, and these changes may be related to the appearance of virus-induced airway hyperreactivity.
Airway cell changes in tracheal lavage of sheep after ozone exposure (1983)

We were interested in whether ozone (O3) could stimulate the migration of mast cells into the tracheal lumen. To test this we determined the effect of an acute O3 exposure on the types and relative numbers of cells recovered by tracheal lavage. Seven conscious sheep were intubated with an elongated nasotracheal tube. The trachea between the larynx and the cuff of the tracheal tube (15-20 cm) was lavaged repeatedly with 10-15-ml aliquots (total 350 ml) of 0.9% buffered (pH 7.4 saline, which contained the mast cell-stabilizer disodium cromoglycate (10 micrograms/ml). One hour after a baseline lavage, the sheep were exposed on separate occasions to either air (control) or 0.5 ppm O3 for 2 h. Lavages were repeated 24 h later. Cells were recovered from the lavage effluent by centrifugation across a saline/Ficoll Paque gradient. From part of this material we estimated total cells and total viable cells (with Trypan blue). The rest of the material was recentrifuged at 400 X g for 5 min, and cytological slides were made from the cell pellet. Slides were stained with Polichrome and Wright-Giemsa, and were analyzed by light microscopy. The percentages of epithelial cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, and mast cells were determined from a total count of 500 cells/slide. Differences in cell percentages between pre- and postexposure were calculated both for air and O3 exposures, and these differences were compared. Exposure to O3 resulted in an increased number of mast cells and lymphocytes when compared to the changes observed with air. It seems likely that the increase in number of luminal mast cells and lymphocytes following O3 exposure signals an enhanced inflammatory response and that these changes could contribute to O3-induced increased nonspecific airway hyperresponsiveness and susceptibility to allergic IgE-mediated airway reactions.
Chemical Effect and Spatial Effect of New Bimodal Catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis. (2003)

A catalyst support with both small pores and large pores, as well as a distinct bimodal pore structure, has excellent advantages in industrial solid-catalysis reactions because the large pores provide pathways for rapid molecular transportation and the small pores serve a large area of active surface. A simple preparation method of bimodal supports was developed by introducing SiO2 or ZrO2 sol into large pores of an SiO2 gel pellet directly. The pores of the obtained bimodal supports distributed distinctly as two kinds of main pores. On the other hand, the increased BET surface area and decreased pore volume, compared to those of original silica gel, indicated that the obtained bimodal support formed according to the designed route. The obtained bimodal support loaded with cobalt was applied in slurry-phase Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS). The bimodal catalyst presented the best reaction performance in slurry-phase FTS with a high reaction rate and low methane selectivity, because the spatial promotional effect of the bimodal structure and the chemical effect of the porous zirconia were available inside the large pores of original silica gel.
InGaN mini‐laser diode arrays with cw output power of 500 mW (2011)

Abstract One of the required features of nitride‐based laser diodes is the possibility to obtain high output powers from devices, which is essential in e.g. RGB displays, lithography and high speed printing. This can be realized by means of multi emitter structures. We report on fabrication of a mini laser array, integrated on one laser chip and consisting of three emitters of the dimensions of 700 μm x 3 μm. The emitters structures was fabricated by MOVPE on top of the low defect density bulk GaN crystal obtained by ammonothermal method. We tested devices characterized by various pitches from 12 to 80 μm obtaining very similar results. Contrary to our previous study showing strong inter‐emitter coupling we obtained independent emission from each stripe. This fact is a result of better vertical mode confinement and the suppression of substrate mode leakage. These latter effects were the reason for emitters coupling, as we reported previously. The new devices produced up to 500 mW of optical power, this value was limited by the thermal resistance of the whole package. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus replicative protein nsp9 is a single-stranded RNA-binding subunit unique in the RNA virus world (2004)

The recently identified etiological agent of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) belongs to Coronaviridae (CoV), a family of viruses replicating by a poorly understood mechanism. Here, we report the crystal structure at 2.7-A resolution of nsp9, a hitherto uncharacterized subunit of the SARS-CoV replicative polyproteins. We show that SARS-CoV nsp9 is a single-stranded RNA-binding protein displaying a previously unreported, oligosaccharide/oligonucleotide fold-like fold. The presence of this type of protein has not been detected in the replicative complexes of RNA viruses, and its presence may reflect the unique and complex CoV viral replication/transcription machinery.
Development Trends of Inductive Power Transfer Systems Utilizing Electromagnetic Induction with Focus on Transmission Frequency and Transmission Power (2017)

In recent years, inductive power transfer (IPT) systems have been actively studied. This paper describes the development trend of inductive power transfer systems since the 1970s, focusing on the transmission frequency, transmission power, and the coupling coefficient, on the basis of a survey of papers published by IEEJ and IEEE. The transmission power shows close correlation with the transmission frequency. By contrast, the coupling coefficient does not show correlation with either the transmission frequency or the transmission power.
HF-Induced Intramolecular <i>C</i>-Arylation and <i>C</i>-Alkylation/Fluorination of 2-Aminoglycopyranoses (2017)

Internal C-aryl and C-alkyl glycosides derived from 2-aminoglycopyranoses have been synthesized, exploiting a HF-mediated stereoselective intramolecular glycosylation. These conditions are compatible with acetate protecting groups and allow introduction of aromatics with various electronic distributions at the anomeric position. This strategy also provides straightforward entry to original fluorinated sugar-azacycle hybrids via a tandem internal C-glycosylation/fluorination reaction starting from 2-N-allyl/propargyl glycopyranoses. All cyclizations proceed in a 1,2-cis stereocontrolled manner.
Study of Secondary Emission Enhanced Photoinjector (2006)

The secondary emission enhanced photoinjector (SEEP) is a very promising new approach to the generation of high-current, high-brightness electron beams. Primary electrons with a few thousand electron-volts of energy strike a specially prepared diamond window. The large Secondary Electron Yield (SEY) provides a multiplication of the number of electrons by about two orders of magnitude. The secondary electrons drift through the diamond under an electric field and emerge into the accelerating proper of the “gun” through a Negative Electron Affinity (NEA) surface of the diamond (Hydrogen terminated). We present the calculation of heating power sources and the temperature distribution in detail. Some properties of the secondary electron beam related to beam dynamics are also reported. The results demonstrate the feasibility of this kind of cathode.
Resolving the database sequence discrepancies for the <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> bacteriophage <i>ϕ</i> 11 amidase (2008)

There are two conflicting primary nucleotide sequences of the Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage phi 11 amidase gene in Genbank. Nucleotide sequence differences as well as alternative translational start site assignments result in three non-identical protein sequence predictions for this amidase. Therefore, it is prudent to verify the correct phi11 amidase protein sequence, especially since multiple versions of the amidase gene have been subcloned, deletion analysis performed, and their experimental use described. There is also a resurgence of interest in the expression and use of bacteriophage lytic proteins as bactericidal agents and the phi 11 amidase has a high antimicrobial potential. The correct amidase sequence is identified through a combination of DNA sequence analysis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of the recombinant purified phi11 amidase protein.
Heat Transfer and Recovery Temperatures on a Sphere with Laminar, Transitional, and Turbulent Boundary Layers at Mach Numbers of 2.00 and 4.15 (1957)

Report presenting an investigation of the pressure and equilibrium-temperature distributions on a sphere at Mach numbers of 2.00 and 4.15. The local aerodynamic heat transfer was measured on a sphere at Mach number 2.00 and on a hemisphere-cylinder at Mach number 4.15. Results regarding pressure distributions, equilibrium and recovery temperatures, heat-transfer coefficients, and effect of roughness on transition are provided.
Myocardial phenotyping using isotopomer analysis of metabolic fluxes (2005)

Over the past 20 years, stable isotopes combined with isotopomer analysis have proven to be a powerful approach to probe the dynamics of metabolism in various biological systems, including the heart. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how isotopomer analysis of metabolic fluxes can provide novel insights into the myocardial phenotype. Specifically, building on our past experience using NMR spectroscopy and GC–MS as applied to investigations of cardiac energy metabolism, we highlight specific complex metabolic networks that would not be predicted by classical biochemistry or by static measurements of metabolite, protein and mRNA levels.
The molecular dynamics of adsorption and dissociation of O2 on Pt(553) (2015)

Molecular adsorption and dissociation of O2 on the stepped Pt(553) surface have been investigated using supersonic molecular beam techniques and temperature programmed desorption. The initial and coverage-dependent sticking probability was determined with the King and Wells technique for various combinations of incident kinetic energy, surface temperature, incident angle, and surface coverage. A comparison with similar data for Pt(533) and Pt{110}(1 × 2) shows quantitatively the same high step-induced sticking at low incident energies compared to Pt(111). The enhancement is therefore insensitive to the exact arrangement of atoms forming surface corrugation. We consider energy transfer and electronic effects to explain the enhanced sticking. On the other hand, dissociation dynamics at higher incident kinetic energies are strongly dependent on step type. The Pt(553) and Pt(533) surfaces are more reactive than Pt(111), but the (100) step shows higher sticking than the (110) step. We relate this difference to a variation in the effective lowering of the barrier to dissociation from molecularly adsorbed states into atomic states. Our findings are in line with results from experimental desorption studies and theoretical studies of atomic binding energies. We discuss the influence of the different step types on sticking and dissociation dynamics with a one-dimensional potential energy surface.
Liquid-crystalline polyethers based on conformational isomerism. 16. Hexagonal columnar phase (.PHI.h) in a nondiscotic copolyether based on 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane, 1,8-dibromooctane, and 1,12-dibromododecane, and the novel 2-dimensional-3-dimensional .PHI.h-sB transition (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLiquid-crystalline polyethers based on conformational isomerism. 16. Hexagonal columnar phase (.PHI.h) in a nondiscotic copolyether based on 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane, 1,8-dibromooctane, and 1,12-dibromododecane, and the novel 2-dimensional-3-dimensional .PHI.h-sB transitionG. Ungar, J. L. Feijoo, V. Percec, and R. YourdCite this: Macromolecules 1991, 24, 4, 953–957Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00004a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00004a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views219Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An empirical study of regression test selection techniques (2002)

Regression testing is an expensive maintenance process directed at validating modified software. Regression test selection techniques attempt to reduce the cost of regression testing by selecting tests from a program's existing test suite. Many regression test selection techniques have been proposed. Although there have been some analytical and empirical evaluations of individual techniques, to our knowledge only one comparative study, focusing on one aspect of two of these techniques, has been performed. We conducted an experiment to examine the relative costs and benefits of several regression test selection techniques. The experiment examined five techniques for reusing tests, focusing on their relative abilities to reduce regression testing effort and uncover faults in modified programs. Our results highlight several differences between the techniques, and expose essential tradeoffs that should be considered when choosing a technique for practical application.
India Ink-Gelatin Vascular Injection of Skeletal Tissues (1960)

AbstractDogs under sodium pentothal anesthesia were given 100 mg of heparin intravenously and, 15 min later, exsanguinated. A mixture consisting of Higgins India ink #4415, 1 part, and a 14% solution of calfskin gelatin, 1 part, was injected (at 37° C) into the femoral artery of a disarticulated hindlimb. A pump-type 5 ml hypodermic syringe was connected with a gravity-feed reservoir that contained the injection mass, with a filter in the outflow from the reservoir. Veins severed by the disarticulation of the limb permitted a free flow of the injection fluid out of the vascular tree. After injection of about 400 ml of fluid by pumping the syringe, the limb was chilled (—20° C) to solidify the gelatin. Specimens from cleaned bones were sawed out and fixed in Zenker-formalin solution for 24 hr, then decalcified with 6% sulfosalicylic acid. The technique was completed by embedding in celloidin and sectioning. Blood vessels in both cortical and trabecular regions were completely filled by the injection mass.
Feedforward Inhibition Contributes to the Control of Epileptiform Propagation Speed (2007)

It is still poorly understood how epileptiform events can recruit cortical circuits. Moreover, the speed of propagation of epileptiform discharges in vivo and in vitro can vary over several orders of magnitude (0.1-100 mm/s), a range difficult to explain by a single mechanism. We previously showed how epileptiform spread in neocortical slices is opposed by a powerful feedforward inhibition ahead of the ictal wave. When this feedforward inhibition is intact, epileptiform spreads very slowly (approximately 100 microm/s). We now investigate whether changes in this inhibitory restraint can also explain much faster propagation velocities. We made use of a very characteristic pattern of evolution of ictal activity in the zero magnesium (0 Mg2+) model of epilepsy. With each successive ictal event, the number of preictal inhibitory barrages dropped, and in parallel with this change, the propagation velocity increased. There was a highly significant correlation (p < 0.001) between the two measures over a 1000-fold range of velocities, indicating that feedforward inhibition was the prime determinant of the speed of epileptiform propagation. We propose that the speed of propagation is set by the extent of the recruitment steps, which in turn is set by how successfully the feedforward inhibitory restraint contains the excitatory drive. Thus, a single mechanism could account for the wide range of propagation velocities of epileptiform events observed in vitro and in vivo.
Temperature Effect on the Liquid−Liquid Equilibria for Some Aliphatic Alcohols + Water + K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> Systems (2006)

The liquid−liquid equilibrium (LLE) data were measured for the systems ethanol + water + K2CO3, 1-propanol + water + K2CO3,2-propanol + water + K2CO3, and 2-methyl-2-propanol + water + K2CO3 at (298.15, 308.15, and 318.15) K. A two-parameter equation was used for the correlation of the experimental tie-line data. Good agreement was obtained with the experimental tie-line data with this model.
Spatial Mode Discrimination in a Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser by a Fabry-Perot Etalon (1998)

Methods to increase the cw power of VCSELs generally require increases in mode area. To maintain single mode operation, a strong mechanism to discriminate against higher-order modes must be incorporated in the optical resonator structure. Spatial filtering methods have been employed in the far field to selectively enhance the modal reflectivity of the fundamental VCSEL mode [1]. However, for large aperture VCSELs, the far field light distribution is usually produced by a lens, making integration of the lens and filter difficult. In this experiment, we use the angular reflectivity properties of a Fabry-Perot to perform spatial filtering in the near field [2], permitting a modal selection mechanism that can be easily integrated into the VCSEL structure.
Poster Abstract (2015)

Personal Comfort Systems (PCS) are capable of maintaining occupant comfort in buildings despite large deviations from recommended "comfortable" temperatures. We present a novel digital controller for a well-studied (previously analog) PCS, allowing it to report real-time telemetry and respond to programmatic actuation requests. This enables the established capabilities of a PCS to be synergistically combined with occupant-aware building applications, providing new methods of comfort and energy efficiency maximization.
Adaptive nonlinear parametric neural control of nonaffine nonlinear systems (2010)

By using B-spline neural networks, an adaptive nonlinear parametric control scheme for nonlinear systems is proposed in this paper. The control scheme which is utilized to design the control input incorporates the adaptive control design technique with the mean-estimation B-spline neural networks. Compared with other neural networks, the B-spline neural networks possess output behavior the characteristic feature of locally controlling. Therefore, they are very suitable to online estimate system dynamics by tuning both control and knot points. The B-spline neural networks with a mean-estimation technique are used in an attempt to avoid difficulty of differentiating B-spline basis functions. In addition, two robust controllers are used to compensate unmodeling dynamics. Finally, an example is provided to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed scheme, and a comparative study is given by computer simulation.