gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Localization of cGMP-dependent protein kinase isoforms in mouse eye. (2000)

To examine the expression of the major isoforms of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase (cGK) in mouse eye.Immunohistochemical localization of cGMP in mouse eye cryosections was performed using an anti-cGMP antibody, followed by visualization with indirect fluorescence microscopy. The presence of types Ialpha, Ibeta, and II cGK mRNAs in mouse eye extracts was determined initially by RNase protection analysis. Further localization of cGK I and II mRNAs on cryosections was accomplished by in situ hybridization using digoxigenin-labeled cRNA probes and an alkaline phosphatase-conjugated anti-digoxigenin antibody. Finally, cGK I protein was localized to subcellular areas within the retina using an anti-cGK I-specific primary antibody.In initial immunohistochemical experiments cGMP was present in numerous regions and layers within the eye and retina. Subsequent RNase protection studies demonstrated that cGK Ialpha, Ibeta, and II mRNAs were present in mouse eye and that type Ibeta mRNA were 6.6 and 30 times more abundant than type Ialpha and type II, respectively. By in situ hybridization, cGK I mRNA was localized to photoreceptor inner segments and the ganglion cell and inner nuclear layers of the retina, and lesser amounts were found in the ciliary epithelium, lens, and cornea. The cGK II mRNA expression pattern was similar but not identical with that of cGK I. Finally, within the retina, cGK I protein was most abundant in the inner plexiform layer, with significant amounts in ganglion cells and photoreceptor inner segments as well.The presence of these cGK isoforms in discrete areas throughout the eye suggests multiple roles for the cGMP-dependent signal transduction system in the regulation of physiologic and pathologic ocular processes.
Synthesis of<i>N</i>-Acetyl-3-fluoro-neuraminic Acids (1988)

Journal Article Synthesis of N-Acetyl-3-fluoro-neuraminic Acids Get access Tatsuo Nakajima, Tatsuo Nakajima Department of Food Chemistry,Faculty of Agriculture, Tohoku University,1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Sendai980,Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hiroshi Hori, Hiroshi Hori Department of Food Chemistry,Faculty of Agriculture, Tohoku University,1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Sendai980,Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hiroshi Ohrui, Hiroshi Ohrui Department of Food Chemistry,Faculty of Agriculture, Tohoku University,1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Sendai980,Japan To whom correspondence should be addressed. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hiroshi Meguro, Hiroshi Meguro Department of Food Chemistry,Faculty of Agriculture, Tohoku University,1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Sendai980,Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Tatsuo Ido Tatsuo Ido Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center,Tohoku University,Aramaki-azo-aoba, Sendai980,Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 52, Issue 5, 1 May 1988, Pages 1209–1215, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1988.10868800 Published: 01 May 1988 Article history Received: 19 November 1987 Published: 01 May 1988
Ultrasonic Examination of Double-Shell Tank 241-AP-107 Examination Completed February 2008. (2008)

AREVA NC Inc. (AREVA), under a contract from CH2M Hill Hanford Group (CH2M Hill), has performed an ultrasonic examination of selected portions of Double-Shell Tank 241-AP-107. PNNL is responsible for preparing a report(s) that describes the results of the AREVA ultrasonic examinations.
The 5-6 December 1991 FIRE IFO 2 jet stream cirrus case study: The influence of volcanic aerosols (1993)

In presenting an overview of the cirrus clouds comprehensively studied by ground-based and airborne sensors from Coffeyville, KS, during the 5-6 Dec. 1992 Project FIRE (First International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project Regional Experiment) IFO II case study period, evidence is provided that volcanic aerosols from the June 1991 Pinatubo eruptions significantly influenced the formation and maintenance of the cirrus. Following the local appearance of a spur of stratospheric volcanic debris from the subtropics, a series of jet streaks subsequently conditioned the troposphere through tropopause foldings with sulfur-based particles that became effective cirrus cloud-forming nuclei. Aerosol and ozone measurements suggest a complicated history of stratospheric-tropospheric exchanges embedded within the upper level flow, and cirrus cloud formation was noted to occur locally at the boundaries of stratospheric aerosol-enriched layers that became humidified through diffusion, precipitation, or advective processes. Apparent cirrus cloud alterations include abnormally high ice crystal concentrations (up to approximately 600 l(sup -1), small but complex radial ice crystal types, and relatively large haze particles in cirrus uncinus cell heads at temperatures between -40 to -50 C. Implications for volcanic-cirrus cloud climate effects, and usual (non-volcanic aerosol) jet stream cirrus cloud formation are discussed.
Fabrication Routes of Microsized Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Consolidation processing parameters and alternative processing methods for powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg-X-X alloys (1987)

The effects of varying the vacuum degassing parameters on the microstructure and properties of Al-4Cu-1Mg-X-X (X-X = 1.5Li-0.2Zr or 1.5Fe-0.75Ce) alloys processed from either prealloyed (PA) or mechanically alloyed (M) powder, and consolidated by either using sealed aluminum containers or containerless vacuum hot pressing were studied. The consolidated billets were hot extruded to evaluate microstructure and properties. The MA Li-containing alloy did not include Zr, and the MA Fe- and Ce-containing alloy was made from both elemental and partially prealloyed powder. The alloys were vacuum degassed both above and below the solution heat treatment temperature. While vacuum degassing lowered the hydrogen content of these alloys, the range over which the vacuum degassing parameters were varied was not large enough to cause significant changes in degassing efficiency, and the observed variations in the mechanical properties of the heat treated alloys were attributed to varying contributions to strengthening by the sub-structure and the dispersoids. Mechanical alloying increased the strength over that of alloys of similar composition made from PA powder. The inferior properties in the transverse orientation, especially in the Li-containing alloys, suggested deficiencies in degassing. Among all of the alloys processed for this study, the Fe- and Ce-containing alloys made from MA powder possessed better combinations of strength and toughness.
Determination of Surface Depletion Thickness of p-doped Silicon Nanowires Synthesized Using Metal Catalyzed CVD Process (2006)

An in-depth understanding of the distribution and impact of doping in nanowires is crucial for the rational design of future nanowire based devices synthesized using bottom-up techniques. We used a very slow wet chemical etchant for progressive reduction of the diameters of boron-doped, metal-catalyzed silicon nanowires with diverse diameters and lengths. The low temperature process helped avert the dopant segregation which is common in high temperature processes such as oxidation for diameter reduction. We ensured identical surface conditions subsequent to diameter reduction with wet-chemical etching and, using DC current-voltage measurements, found the resistance to increase with decreasing diameter. As the diameters were shrunk from a larger diameter to ∼50 nm in diameter, they exhibited a strong non-linear increase of the resistance indicating complete depletion of the cross-section caused by surface charges. The dopant concentration of the nanowires was calculated to be 2.1×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">18</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> and the corresponding surface charge density was around 2.6×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> .
N,N-disubstituted 2-aminothiazole-5-carboxylates: preparation and rotation of functional groups (1983)

A series of new alkyl N,N-disubstituted 2-aminothiazole-5-carboxylates was prepared by condensing α-bromo-β-oxo-esters with N,N-disubstituted thioureas. The products exhibit i.r. carbonyl doublets, the higher and lower wavenumber components arising from the carbonyl O,S-syn-s-trans and anti-s-trans rotamers respectively. Variable temperature 1H n.m.r. examination showed that the barriers to rotation of the 2-amino-groups are in the range 41–47 kJ mol–1. Further evidence for rotational isomerism of the carboxylate group was provided by 13C n.m.r. study, but the size of its rotational barrier could not be assessed.The spectrometric work shows that there is strong mesomeric interaction between the carboxylate and amine groups.
Radiance caching for participating media (2008)

In this article we present a novel radiance caching method for efficiently rendering participating media using Monte Carlo ray tracing. Our method handles all types of light scattering including anisotropic scattering, and it works in both homogeneous and heterogeneous media. A key contribution in the article is a technique for computing gradients of radiance evaluated in participating media. These gradients take the full path of the scattered light into account including the changing properties of the medium in the case of heterogeneous media. The gradients can be computed simultaneously with the inscattered radiance with negligible overhead. We compute gradients for single scattering from lights and surfaces and for multiple scattering, and we use a spherical harmonics representation in media with anisotropic scattering. Our second contribution is a new radiance caching scheme for participating media. This caching scheme uses the information in the radiance gradients to sparsely sample as well as interpolate radiance within the medium utilizing a novel, perceptually based error metric. Our method provides several orders of magnitude speedup compared to path tracing and produces higher quality results than volumetric photon mapping. Furthermore, it is view-driven and well suited for large scenes where methods such as photon mapping become costly.
Synthesis of 5‐(functionalized acyl)‐1,3‐dialkyl‐substituted barbituric and 2‐thiobarbituric acids (2001)

Abstract A sodium derivative of 1,3‐dimefhylbarbituric acid or 1,3‐diethyl‐2‐thiobarbituric acid undergoes an efficient monoacylation at C5 by the reaction with ω‐chloroalkanoyl chloride or diacid dichloride in the presence of pyridine in tetrahydrofuran. A nucleophilic displacement of the chlorine in a 5‐chloroacetyl‐bartiburate can be accomplished by using a one‐pot procedure. By contrast, a similar transformation of a 5‐(chlorobutanoyl)barbituric acid requires intramolecular cyclization in the presence of a nonnucleophilic base followed by treatment with a nucleophile of the resultant 5‐[4,5‐dihydro(3 H )‐2‐furylidene]barbiturate.
Signal processing with near-neighbor-coupled time-varying quantum-dot arrays (2000)

The Nano-Devices Group at the University of Notre Dame proposed a new device that encodes information in the geometrical charge distribution of artificial (or natural) molecules. Functional units are composed by electrostatic coupling. In these units, processing takes place by reshaping the electron density of the molecules, and not by switching currents. Signal processing potential of next-neighbor-coupled cellular nonlinear networks (CNNs) has been recently explored with the conclusion that local-activity of the cells is necessary to exhibit complexity. It will be shown that Coulomb-coupled time-invariant artificial molecules behave like nonlinear locally passive devices, thus signal-power-gain or multiple equilibria cannot be achieved by integrating them. However, the signal input-output relation of strongly nonlinear molecules can be varied in time by adiabatic pumping, called clock control. It will be shown that strongly nonlinear time-varying molecules can transform the necessary amount of clock energy into the signal flow, thereby enabling the network of molecules to perform signal processing.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOPROPANE DERIVATIVES. V. SYNTHESIS OF 1‐AMINO‐2‐ARYLCYCLOPROPANE CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF THEIR INTERACTION WITH DOPADECARBOXYLASE (1979)

Abstract Kondensation der aromatischen Aldehyde (I) in Acetanhydrid mit N‐Benzylmercapto‐ (IIa) bzw. N‐Benzyloxy‐thiocarbonylglycin (IIb) in Na‐acetat bzw. in K 2 CO 3 führt zu den entsprechenden Arylidenthiazolonen (III), die mit CHzNz neben anderen Produkten die Spirocyclopropanthiazolone (IV) geben.
Security-constrained economic dispatch using semidefinite programming (2015)

This paper models the security-constrained economic dispatch problem with post-contingency corrective actions. In the nonlinear AC setting, the model is a large-scale nonconvex problem and is difficult to solve. A novel solution approach is proposed to deal with the scale and nonconvexity issues separately and effectively. The key point is to approximate the nonconvex AC feasibility problem with its semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation and use these SDP models as a convex subproblem within a Benders' decomposition framework. Numerical experiments demonstrate the superior solution quality of this approach and its tractability for IEEE test cases, while suggesting future work for computational improvements on large-scale problems.
Biological activity of a fluorescein human growth hormone derivative prepared by specific covalent labeling of lysine-70 (1991)

Modification of human growth hormone (hGH) with a low equimolar concentration of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) yielded a derivative containing 1 mol of fluorescein/mol of protein. The site of modification was identified as lysine-70. Lysine-70 of hGH is about 3-fold more reactive than a "normal" lysine in a protein, having pseudo-first-order kinetics Kobs = 110 +/- 7 M-1 min-1 at pH 10.5. The pKa of the lysine was estimated to be 10.7, within the normal range of normal epsilon-lysine moieties in proteins. This higher chemical reactivity seems to favor selective labeling of this moiety at low FITC concentrations. To obtain monomodified derivatives, hGH was derivatized with 0.6 equiv of FITC, and the modified derivatives were separated from unreacted hormone by means of HPLC using a Mono Q column. Its biological activity, determined by Nb2 bioassay, decreased to 40%, and its affinity toward lactogen receptors in Nb2 cells and toward somatogen receptors in bovine liver decreased respectively to 30% and 20%. The present study indicates that out of the seven amino groups of human growth hormone, the epsilon-amino group of lysine-70 is excessively reactive toward FITC. Second, this particular amino group contributes to receptor binding and receptor activation. Lysine-70 is located in the loop between the first and second helix and close to the carboxy-terminal end of the first helix. This contribution is most likely the result of the formation of an electrostatic interaction between the hormone and the receptor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Long-acting Insulin: Slow Release of Insulin from a Biodegradable Matrix Implanted in Diabetic Rats (1983)

This report describes the development of a long-acting insulin accomplished by the slow release of hormone from an implantable, biodegradable matrix. Rats made diabetic with streptozotocin received a single subcutaneous implant of insulin-albumin microbeads that released biologically active insulin for periods up to 3 wk. The mean fasting blood glucose level for treated animals was 88 mg/dl as compared with 392 mg/dl for untreated diabetic controls. With a mean starting body weight of 187 g, treated animals gained weight reaching a mean weight of 228 g; in contrast, untreated animals lost weight to a mean of 175 g. When insulin-albumin microbeads were periodically implanted and removed, lower blood glucose levels were only associated with the presence of the implants. The microbead implants biodegraded in 4-8 wk, thus obviating the need for surgical removal. These results suggest that a long-acting insulin may be produced by the entrapment of insulin within a biodegradable matrix.
Preparation of macrocyclic lactones from cyclohexane-1,3-diones (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of macrocyclic lactones from cyclohexane-1,3-dionesPeter W. Scott, Ian T. Harrison, and Shmuel BittnerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 9, 1914–1915Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00322a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00322a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views195Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electrically addressed spatial light modulator that uses a dynamic memory (1991)

The operating characteristics of a 64 x 64 array electrically addressed spatial light modulator that uses a dynamic memory on a very-large-scale-integration chip and a ferroelectric liquid-crystal modulator are discussed.
Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae in aortic lesions of atherosclerosis by immunocytochemical stain. (1993)

Recent evidence has shown the presence of Chlamydia pneumoniae antigens and nucleic acid in coronary artery atheromas from autopsy patients in South Africa. In this study, the immunocytochemical technique was used to demonstrate C pneumoniae antigens in atheromas of the aorta in autopsy patients from retrospective aortic atherosclerosis studies at the University of Washington. The patients were 34 to 58 years old. Immunoperoxidase staining using Chlamydia-specific monoclonal antibodies showed one of four fatty streaks and six of 17 fibrous plaques were positive for C pneumoniae antigens; four control aortic tissues were negative. Two of the positive plaques were from the same patient. Double-label immunocytochemical staining using Chlamydia- and tissue type-specific monoclonal antibodies demonstrated the antigens in the cytoplasm of macrophages and smooth muscle cells in the atheromatous lesion. This study suggested a wider involvement of C pneumoniae organisms in atherosclerotic lesions of the arterial system than has previously been documented.
Spray-Irrigation System Attached to High-Speed Drills for Simultaneous Prevention of Local Heating and Preservation of a Clear Operative Field in Spinal Surgery (2010)

Heat generation due to drilling during spinal surgery is potentially hazardous to nerves. Saline irrigation is often performed to prevent such local heating, but sometimes floods and obscures the operative field. We have developed a spray-irrigation system for attachment to high-speed drills, which sprays saline solution with an air-jet in the direction of the surface cut by the drill. We anticipated that this air jet would create a clearer operative view by displacing excess fluid, and would also provide an added cooling effect greater than that of irrigation with saline. This study was designed to evaluate these predicted effects of the spray-irrigation system compared to conventional irrigation. A thermography study was performed to confirm the cooling effect of the spray-irrigation system. A plaster board coated with adhesives was drilled at 100,000 rpm along a 10-cm line for a duration of 20 seconds. Thermograms were recorded every minute, without cooling, with irrigation, and with the spray-irrigation system. To examine the operative views, continuous drilling for a period of seconds was performed with conventional irrigation and with the spray-irrigation system. Local heating was inhibited by the spray-irrigation system to 14-30% of that with irrigation. A clear operative field was maintained during continuous drilling using the spray-irrigation system through the air-jet action of the system. The spray-irrigation system can simultaneously provide effective cooling and a clear operative field during surgical manipulations with high-speed drills.
Topography effect in half-tone phase-shift mask for window formation (1994)

Three types of half-tone phase-shift masks (shifter overcoated, substrate etched, and monolayer) have been investigated for window pattern formation from the viewpoint of lithographic performance (depth of focus, DOF and window size fidelity). A 0.35 micrometers window pattern was formed by using an NA equals 0.6, (sigma) equals 0.3, i-line stepper onto a bare-Si wafer coated with 1 micrometers thick novolac positive type resist. Mask bias value necessary for 0.35 micrometers window formation depended on shifter structure; 0.05 micrometers in the shifter overcoated, 0.075 micrometers in the substrate etched and 0.025 micrometers in the monolayer. However, the lithographic performance of every half-tone mask was almost the same; 1.6 micrometers wide DOF was obtained in 0.35 micrometers window with these three masks, in comparison with 1.0 micrometers DOF with a conventional mask. This fact indicates that topography effect only works as mask bias; vertical or tapered phase shifter edge reduces pattern size owing to the scattering exposure light. Therefore, mask bias must be adjusted for each mask structure. In conclusion, all mask structures evaluated are available for window formation.