gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Synthesis and Reactions of Disazodicarboxylates<sup>1</sup> (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis and Reactions of Disazodicarboxylates1Norman RabjohnCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 3, 1181–1183Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01183a089https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01183a089research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views158Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Implementation and Evaluation of a Healthy Communities Process in Central Alberta: Some Implications for Public Health Practice (2000)

This article describes the implementation and evaluation of a Healthy Communities Initiative (HCI) by the David Thompson Health Region in central Alberta, Canada. The HCI model provided for a facilitated, community-based, strategic planning process. Its key steps include development of a shared vision of health, assessment of needs and strengths, selection of key priority areas for action, and implementation of strategies to achieve change. A three-level evaluation model was developed, which incorporates project-level evaluation, cluster-level evaluation, and critical reflection on the David Thompson Health Region's own capacity to engage in community development work.
Beyond Blood Pressure: Pulse Wave Analysis – A Better Way of Assessing Cardiovascular Risk? (2005)

The study of the pulse pressure wave using the technique of applanation tonometry is becoming more popular as a method of studying vascular stiffness. This review aims to present the uses, potential uses, strengths and weaknesses of the technique of applanation tonometry to assess augmentation index and pulse wave velocity. This article shall briefly discuss the practicalities of applanation tonometry, the physiological factors affecting pulse wave velocity and pulse wave analysis, the changes in pulse wave velocity and pulse wave analysis with pharmacological interventions, and the use of applanation tonometry as a prognostic tool. Although the technique of applanation tonometry seems initially promising, several pertinent issues need to be addressed before it can be used reliably as a clinical tool. Importantly, the technique of applanation tonometry to derive the central waveform from noninvasively-acquired peripheral data needs to be prospectively validated. As stated in this review, the transfer function has been extensively validated using invasive data, whilst noninvasive data estimation of the ascending aortic blood pressure is less accurate.
AUC: a misleading measure of the performance of predictive distribution models (2007)

ABSTRACT The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, known as the AUC, is currently considered to be the standard method to assess the accuracy of predictive distribution models. It avoids the supposed subjectivity in the threshold selection process, when continuous probability derived scores are converted to a binary presence–absence variable, by summarizing overall model performance over all possible thresholds. In this manuscript we review some of the features of this measure and bring into question its reliability as a comparative measure of accuracy between model results. We do not recommend using AUC for five reasons: (1) it ignores the predicted probability values and the goodness‐of‐fit of the model; (2) it summarises the test performance over regions of the ROC space in which one would rarely operate; (3) it weights omission and commission errors equally; (4) it does not give information about the spatial distribution of model errors; and, most importantly, (5) the total extent to which models are carried out highly influences the rate of well‐predicted absences and the AUC scores.
Copper-Catalyzed C(sp<sup>3</sup>)–C(sp<sup>3</sup>) Bond Formation Using a Hypervalent Iodine Reagent: An Efficient Allylic Trifluoromethylation (2011)

An efficient copper-catalyzed allylic trifluoromethylation reaction has been developed. This reaction provides a general and straightforward way to synthesize allylic trifluoromethylated compounds under mild conditions.
Impairments in microvascular reactivity are related to organ failure in human sepsis (2007)

Severe sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response to infection resulting in acute organ dysfunction. Vascular perfusion abnormalities are implicated in the pathology of organ failure, but studies of microvascular function in human sepsis are limited. We hypothesized that impaired microvascular responses to reactive hyperemia lead to impaired oxygen delivery relative to the needs of tissue and that these impairments would be associated with organ failure in sepsis. We studied 24 severe sepsis subjects 24 h after recognition of organ dysfunction; 15 healthy subjects served as controls. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to measure tissue 1) microvascular hemoglobin signal strength and 2) oxygen saturation of microvascular hemoglobin (StO2). Both values were measured in thenar skeletal muscle before and after 5 min of forearm stagnant ischemia. At baseline, skeletal muscle microvascular hemoglobin was lower in septic than control subjects. Microvascular hemoglobin increased during reactive hyperemia in both groups, but less so in sepsis. StO2 at baseline and throughout ischemia was similar between the two groups; however, the rate of tissue oxygen consumption was significantly slower in septic subjects than in controls. The rate of increase in StO2 during reactive hyperemia was significantly slower in septic subjects than in controls; this impairment was accentuated in those with more organ failure. We conclude that organ dysfunction in severe sepsis is associated with dysregulation of microvascular oxygen balance. NIRS measurements of skeletal muscle microvascular perfusion and reactivity may provide important information about sepsis and serve as endpoints in future therapeutic interventions aimed at improving the microcirculation.
Research of Electric Motorcycle Power Matching (2004)

Through the analysis of various resistance of electric motorcycle when driving,its key part-the matching parameter of motor,is confirmed and its feasibility is verified.Meanwhile,the related technical parameters,such as rated torque,rated rpm,rated current of the motor and the cruising range of motorcycle and so on are calculated and analyzed.
Pressure dependence of the optic phonon energies in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Al</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ga</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>As (1996)

We have conducted an extensive Raman scattering study of the effects hydrostatic pressure has on ${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As alloy phonons for 0\ensuremath{\leqslant}x\ensuremath{\leqslant}0.70. The mode-Gr\"uneisen parameter \ensuremath{\gamma} is found to depend on x. The variation is monotonic in dilution and increases by 30% over the range of x studied. We find that \ensuremath{\gamma} for GaAs-like and AlAs-like longitudinal-optic (LO) phonons correlates with Born's transverse dynamic effective charge on the respective alloy component. We suggest that this phenomenon is specific to alloys, and interpret it as a consequence of charge transfer on the cation sublattice. Pressure induced resonance Raman scattering is examined for x=0.40. We observe strong enhancement for both LO phonons when in resonance with the direct energy gap. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Accuracy of Ultrasonography, Spiral CT, Magnetic Resonance, and Alpha-Fetoprotein in Diagnosing Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review. CME (2006)

US is highly specific but insufficiently sensitive to detect HCC in many cirrhotics or to support an effective surveillance program. The operative characteristics of CT are comparable, whereas MRI is more sensitive. High-quality prospective studies are needed to define the actual diagnostic role of AFP.
X. Quantitative measurement of preferred orientation in rolled uranium bars (1952)

Synopsis The preferred orientation of uranium bars hot-rolled and cold-rolled in the α range has been determined quantitatively by x-ray diffraction using a Geiger counter. It is shown that hot rolling with a slight reduction causes the 010 planes to become strongly and the 110 planes weakly oriented perpendicular to the rolling direction. Further hot rolling causes the 110 planes to become strongly and the 010 planes weakly oriented perpendicular to the rolling direction. Cold rolling with light reduction causes the 010 planes to become strongly and the 130 planes weakly oriented in the planes perpendicular to the rolling direction.
A systematic study of lutidine salts formed with the pharmaceutically acceptable salt-forming agent, pamoic acid (2005)

A series of six lutidine pamoate salts has been prepared and characterised. The crystal structures of five of these salts are reported. Four of the salts are solvates. These structures are found to have several similar features, particularly with respect to the formation of chains of pamoate ions with pendant lutidine ions.
The application of predictive functional control for permanent magnet synchronous motor servo system (2010)

The speed-regulation problem for permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) servo system is studied in this paper. The predictive functional control (PFC) theory applied to PMSM is concerned. This paper insists on how to implement the PFC method and what kind of performance can be expected from this technology. First, a simplified model of the PMSM servo system is accounted to refine this approach. Then, the controller based on standard PFC method is designed for speed-loop of the system. The optimal control law can be obtained by given a quadratic performance index. And a modified controller, i.e. PFC plus integrator, is also presented to regulate the effects of disturbances. Simulation and experimental comparisons with the PI control method are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Preparation and identification of monoclonal antibodies against human IgE (2012)

Objective To obtain monoclonal antibodies(McAb) against human IgE by recombinant IgE antigen.Methods BLAB/c mice were immunized with recombinant IgE.The spleen cells of immunized mice were used to prepare the McAb by hybridoma techniques.IgE-McAb was selected by indirect ELISA with culture supernatant of hybridoma cells.ELISA blocking assay were employed to identify the function of McAb.Alanine scanning mutagenesis were used to confirm the antigenic epitopes of McAb.Results A monoclonal antibody against IgE(178) was produced.The antigenic epitope of 178 was found to be spatially close to the receptor-binding site.Functional assay revealed that 178 could markedly inhibit IgE binding to receptors.Conclusion A hybridoma cell line secreting IgE-McAb stably was obtained by recombinant IgE antigen,and the IgE-McAb might block IgE binding to receptors via steric hindrance.

Key words: 
Human IgE;  Monoclonal antibody;  Antigenic epitope
Synthetic Studies toward Mono-THF Annonaceous Acetogenins: A Diastereoselective and Convergent Approach to Corossolone and (10RS)-Corossoline (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic Studies toward Mono-THF Annonaceous Acetogenins: A Diastereoselective and Convergent Approach to Corossolone and (10RS)-CorossolineZhu-Jun Yao and Yu-Lin WuCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 5, 1170–1176Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00110a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00110a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views474Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Evolution of Some Arctic Gulls (Larus): An Experimental Study of Isolating Mechanisms (1966)

Neal Griffith Smith, Evolution of Some Arctic Gulls (Larus): An Experimental Study of Isolating Mechanisms, Ornithological Monographs, No. 4, Evolution of Some Arctic Gulls (Larus): An Experimental Study of Isolating Mechanisms (1966), pp. 1-99
Control of <i>rpoS</i> transcription in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Pseudomonas</i>: why so different? (2003)

In Escherichia coli, the stationary phase alternative sigma factor sigmas controls the expression of genes involved cell survival in response to cessation of growth (stationary phase) and provides cross-protection to various stresses. Levels of sigmas increase dramatically at the onset of stationary phase and are regulated at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational level, making this one of the most complex regulatory systems in bacteria. The basic mechanisms for the control of translation and sigmas proteolysis have been understood. However, studies on the transcriptional control in E. coli lag behind and are controversial. The cAMP-CRP complex and the two component BarA/UvrY system have been implicated and, ppGpp and polyphosphate appear to have a signalling role. sigmas has also been reported to be a general stress regulator in the fluorescent pseudomonads (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. fluorescens and P. putida) and recent studies on sigmas regulation highlight that transcriptional regulation in these bacteria apparently plays a major role. Global regulatory systems, the GacA/GacS two component system and quorum sensing all affect rpoS expression, as does the TetR family PsrA regulator that directly binds to- and activates the rpoS promoter in stationary phase. This striking difference in regulation between E. coli and Pseudomonas can be partly attributed to the differences in the functional role of sigmas in the two bacterial species. This report will review mainly recent studies on rpoS transcriptional regulation and will try to rationalize the current knowledge into a working model.
Systematic incremental validation of rule-based reactive systems (2002)

Validating the specification of a reactive system, such as a telephone switching system, traffic controller, or automated network service, is difficult, primarily because it is extremely hard even to state a complete and correct set of requirements, let alone to prove that a specification satisfies them. A previous paper, R.J. Hall(1993), described a new validation proof technique, sound scenario generalization, which computes and proves a general validation lemma from a specific requirement-scenario and a candidate specification. That paper left open how the user should employ the technique to systematically validate a complete system. This paper describes an approach, based on a novel knowledge structure called a library of generalized scenario fragments, that combines the advantages of traditional software testing and automated theorem proving of specifications, avoiding most of their shortcomings. I also describe preliminary experience with ISAT-VA, a prototype of such an assistant.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Constellation Design for Future Communication Systems: A Comprehensive Survey (2021)

The choice of modulation schemes is a fundamental building block of wireless communication systems. As a key component of physical layer design, they critically impact the expected communication capacity and wireless signal robustness. Their design is also critical for the successful roll-out of wireless standards that require a compromise between performance, efficiency, latency, and hardware requirements. This paper presents a survey of constellation design strategies and associated outcomes for wireless communication systems. The survey discusses their performance and complexity to address the need for some desirable properties, including consistency, channel capacity, system performance, required demapping architecture, flexibility, and independence. Existing approaches for constellation designs are investigated using appropriate metrics and categorized based on their theoretical algorithm design. Next, their application to different communication standards is analyzed in context, aiming at distilling general guidelines applicable to the wireless building block design. Finally, the survey provides a discussion on design directions for future communication system standardization processes.
A robust variable step-size LMS-type algorithm: analysis and simulations (1997)

A number of time-varying step-size algorithms have been proposed to enhance the performance of the conventional LMS algorithm. Experimentation with these algorithms indicates that their performance is highly sensitive to the noise disturbance. This paper presents a robust variable step-size LMS-type algorithm providing fast convergence at early stages of adaptation while ensuring small final misadjustment. The performance of the algorithm is not affected by existing uncorrelated noise disturbances. An approximate analysis of convergence and steady-state performance for zero-mean stationary Gaussian inputs and for nonstationary optimal weight vector is provided. Simulation results comparing the proposed algorithm to current variable step-size algorithms clearly indicate its superior performance for cases of stationary environments. For nonstationary environments, our algorithm performs as well as other variable step-size algorithms in providing performance equivalent to that of the regular LMS algorithm.
Osteochondrosis, but not lameness, is more frequent among free-range pigs than confined herd-mates (2015)

The results indicate that free-range housing may have both positive and negative effects on locomotory traits. Free-range pigs may be less clinically affected by osteochondrosis than are confined pigs. One explanation for this effect may be strengthening of joint supportive tissue and pain relief promoted by exercise. Visual gait scoring missed serious joint lesions that probably were harmful to the pigs, and should therefore not be used as a sole indicator of joint/leg health in welfare inspection of pigs. The association between gait scores and joint condemnation appeared to be poor. This study was limited to one herd, and so more and larger studies on the effects of free-range housing on lameness severity and osteochondrosis development in pigs are recommended.
High-Performance Silicon Nanohole Solar Cells (2010)

We demonstrate Si nanohole arrays as a superior sunlight-absorbing nanostructure for photovoltaic solar cell applications. Under 1 sun AM1.5G illumination, a Si nanohole solar cell with p-n junctions via P diffusion exhibited a open-circuit voltage of 566.6 mV, a short-circuit current density of 32.2 mA/cm(2), and a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 9.51%, which is higher than that of its counterparts based on Si nanowires, planar Si, and pyramid-textured Si. The nanohole array geometry presents a novel and viable method fo cost-efficient solar energy conversion.
Studies on rates of nucleosome formation with DNA under stress. (1990)

Rates of nucleosome formation on DNA with various superhelical topologies were determined using an in vitro deposition system. The core histones, H3, H2B, H2A, and H4 were reconstituted with polyglutamic acid (a deposition vehicle) and added to closed-circular DNAs. Aliquots were taken during the incubation, added to excess topoisomerase I, and incubated for 20 s to determine the number of negative coils constrained into nucleosome structure by the histones. When negatively supercoiled DNA was used, nucleosomes were formed virtually instantaneously in a temperature-independent process with all the negative coils being trapped into nucleosome structure. When relaxed DNA (no negative coils) was used, nucleosome formation was severely retarded. If topoisomerase I was maintained in the total incubation of histones with the relaxed DNA, nucleosome formation occurred with a measurable rate in a temperature-dependent process (activation energy of 17 kcal/mol). Similar observations were made when the method of reconstitution of histones with DNA involved salt gradient dialysis. The data indicates that the lack of preformed negative coils is a rate-limiting step in nucleosome formation and that when positive coils are also maintained within the circular DNA, these positive coils prevent nucleosome formation. The effect of DNA topology on nucleosome formation is discussed with regard to its physiological relevance in replication and transcription processes.