gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visualization of the cytoarchitecture of ex vivo human brain by optical coherence tomography (2015)

Optical coherence tomography visualizes the structure of the human brain, from the cortical laminar structure to the individual neurons.
Generation and Capture of Triphenylborirene in the Di-p-Methane-like Photorearrangement of Diphenyl(phenylethynyl)borane-pyridine (1982)

The photorearrangement of diphenyl(phenylethyny1)borane-pyridine i n benzene
In situ fixation of the spinal cord using microwave radiation (1988)

Due to its investiture with bone, the spinal cord can be difficult to study anatomically and histologically. Tissue degradation during immersion fixation or mechanical trauma during extraction of unfixed tissue often produces confusing artifacts. Perfusion fixation eliminates many of these problems, but it is a slow, tedious, and technically demanding procedure. This report demonstrates that microwave irradiation of the spinal cord before its removal from the spine is a rapid and easy method of tissue fixation with an absence of artifacts comparable to that with perfusion fixation.
Profile tunable laser beam apodizer (1989)

Laser beam apodization has been the goal of solid state laser programs since the early 1970s. It was especially important in designing laser function amplifiers or other high power laser systems. Because the apodization permits beam propagation and amplification with a large fill factor and minimizes the self-focusing effects and edge diffraction effects, it determines to a large extent the ultimate performance of high power laser systems.
Mitogenomics of Blasia pusilla as a tool for agricultural productivity (2019)

Agricultural productivity is a growing concern and several key genomes have been sequenced with the goal of exploring how traits of genomic adaptation could be transferred to cultivated crops, this having been the cornerstone of crop research. Much of the focus has been on crop species that have been directly used to address human needs, considering projected population growth up until 2050 and beyond. However, it is likely that a deeper understanding of mechanisms that could be used to engineer crops will come from the study of early embryophytes (land plants) and closely related freshwater green algae, traits from which could be exploited to boost crop productivity in terms of genomic adaptation with a view towards understanding the basic building blocks of crop engineering. We present the mitogenome of Blasia pusilla (an early embryophyte), assembled using PACBIO SMRT and Illumina sequencing and highlights its role from the phylogenetic perspective.
Plasmid Heterogeneity in Streptococcus cremoris M12R: Effects on Proteolytic Activity and Host-Dependent Phage Replication (1986)

Examination of single colony isolates from a culture of Streptococcus cremoris M12R revealed a high degree of variability in plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid composition. Fifty percent of the M12R population displayed proteolytic activity and harbored a 13-Mdalton plasmid (pLR2013). This plasmid was not present in proteinase-deficient variants isolated from the culture, which provided correlative evidence for linkage of proteinase activity to pLR2013. Four percent of the M12R population demonstrated resistance to phage m12r X M12. This resistance was identified by restriction and modification activities against m12r X M12 phage, which was dependent on the presence of a 20-Md plasmid, pLR1020. Loss of restriction and modification activities was observed upon curing of pLR1020. In conjugal mating studies with Streptococcus lactis ME2, transfer frequency of lactose-fermenting ability to a restriction and modification-deficient variant of M12R was 10(2)-fold higher than to a variant exhibiting restriction and modification activities. The data provided evidence for restriction and modification activities in select S. cremoris M12R variants that are linked to pLR1020 and restrict both the plaquing ability of phage and efficiency of plasmid transfer by conjugation.
Reactive mission and motion planning with deadlock resolution avoiding dynamic obstacles (2017)

In the near future mobile robots, such as personal robots or mobile manipulators, will share the workspace with other robots and humans. We present a method for mission and motion planning that applies to small teams of robots performing a task in an environment with moving obstacles, such as humans. Given a mission specification written in linear temporal logic, such as patrolling a set of rooms, we synthesize an automaton from which the robots can extract valid strategies. This centralized automaton is executed by the robots in the team at runtime, and in conjunction with a distributed motion planner that guarantees avoidance of moving obstacles. Our contribution is a correct-by-construction synthesis approach to multi-robot mission planning that guarantees collision avoidance with respect to moving obstacles, guarantees satisfaction of the mission specification and resolves encountered deadlocks, where a moving obstacle blocks the robot temporally. Our method provides conditions under which deadlock will be avoided by identifying environment behaviors that, when encountered at runtime, may prevent the robot team from achieving its goals. In particular, (1) it identifies deadlock conditions; (2) it is able to check whether they can be resolved; and (3) the robots implement the deadlock resolution policy locally in a distributed manner. The approach is capable of synthesizing and executing plans even with a high density of dynamic obstacles. In contrast to many existing approaches to mission and motion planning, it is scalable with the number of moving obstacles. We demonstrate the approach in physical experiments with walking humanoids moving in 2D environments and in simulation with aerial vehicles (quadrotors) navigating in 2D and 3D environments.
Support Vector Machines with a Reject Option (2008)

We consider the problem of binary classification where the classfier may abstain instead of classifying each observation. The Bayes decision rule for this setup, known as Chow’s rule, is deﬁned by two thresholds on posterior probabilities. From simple desiderata, namely the consistency and the sparsity of the classiﬁer, we derive the double hinge loss function that focuses on estimating conditional probabilities only in the vicinity of the threshold points of the optimal decision rule. We show that, for suitable kernel machines, our approach is universally consistent. We cast the problem of minimizing the double hinge loss as a quadratic program akin to the standard SVM optimization problem and propose an active set method to solve it efﬁciently. We ﬁnally provide preliminary experimental results We consider the problem of binary classiﬁcation where the classiﬁer may abstain instead of classifying each observation. The Bayes decision rule for this setup, known as Chow’s rule, is deﬁned by two thresholds on posterior probabilities. From simple desiderata, namely the consistency and the sparsity of the classiﬁer, we derive the double hinge loss function that focuses on estimating conditional probabilities only in the vicinity of the threshold points of the optimal decision rule. We show that, for suitable kernel machines, our approach is universally consistent. We cast the problem of minimizing the double hinge loss as a quadratic program akin to the standard SVM optimization problem and propose an active set method to solve it efﬁciently. We ﬁnally provide preliminary experimental results illustrating the interest of our constructive approach to devising loss functions.
Predictors of BRCA-positive parents' disclosure of cancer risk and risk reduction options to offspring. (2010)

6074 Background: Many BRCA mutation carriers (BRCA+) report discussing their genetic test results with offspring < 25 YO. Mediators and content of disclosure have potential to inform interventions to facilitate adaptive response to genetic risk for adult onset cancers. Methods: 108 parents (215 parent-offspring pairs) completed survey of communication of genetic risk to offspring (111 female; 104 male). Parents reported disclosure (DIS/NONDIS) of their BRCA1/2 result in a nonspecific, and content specific questions. Regression analyses identified predictors of disclosed content. Results: 79/134 (59%) offspring learning of parents' BRCA+ status (DIS), offspring learned of parental cancer risk (97%), own chance of inheriting BRCA+ cancer risk (82%), parent risk reduction strategies (76%), and own risk reduction options (63%). Among 55 (41%) offspring not learning of parent BRCA+ status (NONDIS), offspring learned of parent BRCA+ cancer risk (31%), offspring BRCA+ cancer risk (9%), parent (36%), and offspring (35%), risk reduction options. Older offspring age (OOA) predicted DIS (p = 0.00). OOA (p = 0.00), female parent gender (FPG p = 0.01), parent cancer diagnosis (CADX p = 0.17) and > education (p = 0.03) predicted disclosure of parental cancer risk. OOA and CADX predicted disclosure of offspring's BRCA+ associated cancer risk. OOA (p = 0.003), female offspring gender (FOG p = 0.01) and FPG (p = 0.007) predicted communication of parent risk reduction strategies; OOA (p = 0.03), FOG (p = 0.06), and CADX (p = 0.06) predicted communication of offspring risk reduction options. Conclusions: Information that BRCA+ parents share with offspring < 25 YO varies considerably. Parents who report sharing BRCA1/2 test results frequently share parent BRCA+ status and child's related cancer risk, but less frequently, risk reduction options. Some parents who report not disclosing their BRCA1/2 results do share parent cancer risk reduction strategies and offspring risk reduction options. Further analyses of parent and offspring mediators/moderators of disclosure content and offspring outcomes will guide development of interventions to facilitate adaptive responses to communication of genetic risk to at-risk offspring. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
PRDC—A software package for personnel radiation dose calculation (2005)

To determine effective dose, we usually need to use a very complicated human body model and a sophisticated computer code to transport radiations in the body model and surrounding medium, which is not very easy to practicing health physicists in the field. This study develops and tests a software package, called PRDC (Personnel Radiation Dose Calculation), which calculates effective dose and radiation doses to various organs/tissues and personal dosemeters based on a series of interpolations.
Introducing Eden Iss - A European Project On Advancing Plant Cultivation Technologies And Operations (2015)

Plant cultivation in large-scale closed environments is challenging and several key technologies necessary for space-based plant production are not yet space-qualified or remain in early stages of development. The EDEN ISS project foresees development and demonstration of higher plant cultivation technologies, suitable for future deployment on the International Space Station and from a long-term perspective, within Moon and Mars habitats. The EDEN ISS consortium will design and test essential plant cultivation technologies using an International Standard Payload Rack form factor cultivation system for potential testing on-board the International Space Station. Furthermore, a Future Exploration Greenhouse will be designed with respect to future planetary bio-regenerative life support system deployments. The technologies will be tested in a laboratory environment as well as at the highly-isolated German Antarctic Neumayer Station III. A small and mobile container-sized test facility will be built in order to provide realistic mass flow relationships. In addition to technology development and validation, food safety and plant handling procedures will be developed. This paper describes the goals and objectives of EDEN ISS and the different project phases and milestones. Furthermore, the project consortium will be introduced and the role of each partner within the project is explained.
A monitoring network of the radioactive releases due to Garigliano nuclear power plant decommissioning (2005)

The present study is the second part of a program of characterization of the site surrounding the SoGIN Garigliano Nuclear Power Plant (Southern Italy), which is currently involved in decommissioning activities. In the first phase of the project the reference groups of the population were established on the basis of a socio-economical study of the site; the radiological doses due to the assumed radioactive releases during the decommissioning phase were calculated by using climatological, hydrological, geomorphological parameters of the studied area; transport and diffusion specific models of some radionuclides in the environment were implemented to calculate the dose using specific evaluation software. The second part of the study focuses on the project of an environmental network designed in order to ensure the continuous monitoring of the radioactive release concentrations. All the criteria for the choice of grid points, by considering specific paths of transfer in the environment, were established for all the environmental compartments. A field campaign was carried out aiming to assess the “zero level" due to the natural radioactivity and past anthropogenic activities.
KiC Assay: A Quantitative Mass Spectrometry-Based Approach (2012)

Protein phosphorylation is one of the most important posttranslational modifications (PTMs) involved in the transduction of cellular signals. The number of kinases in eukaryotic genomes ranges from several hundred to over one thousand. And with rapidly evolving mass spectrometry (MS)-based approaches, thousands to tens of thousands of phosphorylation sites (phosphosites) have been reported from various eukaryotic organisms, from man to plants. In this relative context, few bona fide kinase-client relationships have been identified to date. To merge the gap between these phosphosites and the cognate kinases that beget these events, comparable large-scale methodologies are required. We describe in detail a MS-based method for identifying kinase-client interactions and quantifying kinase activity. We term this novel Kinase-Client assay, the KiC assay. The KiC assay relies upon the fact that substrate specificities of many kinases are largely determined by primary amino acid sequence or phosphorylation motifs, which consist of key amino acids surrounding the phosphorylation sites. The workflow for detecting kinase-substrate interactions includes four major steps: (1) preparation of purified kinases and synthetic peptide library, (2) in vitro kinase peptide library assay, (3) liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem MS (MS/MS) analysis, and (4) data processing and interpretation. Kinase activity is quantified with the KiC assay by monitoring spectral counts of phosphorylated and unphosphorylated peptides as the readout from LC-tandem mass spectrometry. The KiC assay can be applied as a discovery assay to screen kinases against a synthetic peptide library to find kinase-client relationships or as a targeted assay to characterize kinase kinetics.
Memory models for the formal verification of assembler code using bounded model checking (2004)

The formal verification of assembler code using hardware verification tools requires memory components, which e.g. hold the code itself and the processed data. Since the count of variables to be proven usually rises with both data-size and address-space, complexity boundaries of formal tools can be reached quickly. Since bounded model checking (BMC) always involves a certain time window and therefore the count of memory accesses is limited, it is possible to optimize the applied memory as far as the address-space and the size in the count of gates is concerned. In this paper we introduce various memory models, which decrease the complexity of formal proofs by applying such optimizations. We provide examples of models with limitations either of the address-space or the amount of storable data. Our analysis shows that these models remarkably enhance the performance, while verifying the instruction-set of a given processor-unit with our in-house BMC-Tool
Split Calvarial Bone Graft in Cranio-orbital Sphenoid Wing Reconstruction (1996)

Sphenoid wing defects of the posterior orbit and frontal and middle cranial fossae, secondary to tumor ablation, create difficulties in orbital and cranial base reconstruction. Autogenous split calvarial bone grafts harvested at the time of neurosurgical tumor ablation were used to reconstruct sphenoid wing defects in nine patients between July 1983 and January 1993. Meningioma is the most common tumor resected in this series, followed by fibrous dysplasia. Patient follow-up ranged from 1 to 5 years with a mean of 3 years. Calvarial bone grafting was performed to restore continuity of frontal bone, supraorbital ridge, orbital roof, and lateral wall and floor. All patients demonstrating proptosis showed either complete resolution or significant improvement postoperatively by exophthalmometry. Postoperative pulsatile exophthalmos occurred transiently in one patient but resolved spontaneously. Postoperative diplopia occurred in two patients, which subsequently resolved within 6 weeks. There were no incidents of postoperative osteomyelitis or bone graft loss within the reported postoperative period. Conventional and three-dimensional computed axial tomographic scans did not demonstrate bony resorption resulting in structural instability in any of the cases with this reconstructive method.
Hydrogen Peroxide Promoted Hydroxylation of Haloarenes and Heteroarenes. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Hole ionization of Mn-doped GaAs: Photoluminescence versus space-charge techniques (1989)

The thermal quenching of the Mn-related emission in GaAs is studied by measuring both the drop in intensity and the reduction in the luminescence time decay as a function of temperature. It is shown that both these quantities are governed by a temperature-activated process with an activation energy equal to the hole-emission activation energy, which is, in turn, equal to the ground-state energy of the Mn acceptor level at ${E}_{v}$+0.11 eV. However, a large reduction is found in the thermal emission rates of holes in bulk material compared to thermal measurements made with deep-level transient spectroscopy in space-charge layers. This discrepancy is discussed in terms of a recapture mechanism which strongly affects measurements in neutral material. It is also demonstrated that great care has to be taken when the detailed-balance relationship is used for the determination of thermodynamic parameters.
A Dipole Excited Ultrawideband Dielectric Rod Antenna With Reflector (2007)

A novel very compact ultrawideband dielectric rod antenna with metallic reflector is presented. The desired HE11 mode on the rod is excited by a biconical dipole fed by a broadband tapered microstrip line balun. The input reflection remains below -10 dB from 3 up to 20 GHz. The antenna exhibits a flat gain larger than 7 dBi over the whole ultrawideband frequency range from 3 to 10 GHz approved by the Federal Communication Commission. An almost constant transient performance over a wide azimuth angle of plusmn40deg is obtained with small dispersion.
Acoustic radiation force impulse: a new ultrasonographic technology for the widespread noninvasive diagnosis of liver fibrosis (2010)

ARFI is highly feasible and reproducible, and provides diagnostic accuracy similar to Fibroscan. This new device seems noteworthy for the widespread noninvasive diagnosis of liver fibrosis.
Preparation of 3‐stearoyl‐D‐glucose—A bread‐softening agent (1958)

Summary In previous work 3‐stearoyl‐d‐glucose was found to have superior bread softening action. This paper describes its synthesis by reaction of stearoyl chloride with 1,2∶5,6‐diisopropylidene‐d‐glucose and subsequent deacetonation of the intermediate stearoyl diisopropylidene‐d‐glucose. Acetonation of the product, followed by saponification of the acyl group, produced 1,2∶5,6‐diisopropylidene‐d‐glucose and indicated that the substance is 3‐stearoyl‐d‐glucose.
<title>System dynamic modeling of a piezoelectric hydraulic pump</title> (2002)

A system dynamic model has been developed for assessing the performance of a piezoelectric hydraulic pump. The pump system comprises a stack actuator driven pump, four-way valve, hydraulic accumulator, and hydraulic actuator. A system of differential equations was developed that governs the electrical / mechanical / fluid coupled behavior. The system of equations was simultaneously solved using MATLAB. The results were compared to pump data for a stack actuator input of 2 MV/m at operating frequencies between 2.5 Hz and 100 Hz. Previous work comparing the model to experimental results was recently accepted for publication in a future article . The work presented below presents a review of the model and discusses additional experimental results of the pump's flow rate response under hydraulic actuator loads. The model achieved reasonable agreement with flow rate measurements when the hydraulic actuator was loaded with 62 N and 142 N of constant force. Rate effects were observed to limit the high frequency performance. These effects were attributed to fluid compressibility, check valve resistance, and self heating of the stack actuator. The model provides a design tool for evaluating bandwidth limitations and increasing pressure and flow rate.
Graphics one terminal design and user's manual (1976)

A graphics terminal using raster scan on an ordinary TV monitor is described. The scan is done out of a bank of 4K dynamic RAMS which are set or reset asynchronously by an independent microprocessor. Special features are the microprocessor (built out of ordinary 7400 series parts) which does all graphics, text, and communications and the method for storing the raster image in RAMS. 23 figures.
Recent improvements in tensor scale computation and its applications to medical imaging (2009)

Tensor scale (t-scale) is a local morphometric parameter describing local structure shape, orientation and scale. At any image location, t-scale is the parametric representation of the largest ellipse (an ellipsoid in 3D) centered at that location and contained in the same homogeneous region. Recently, we have improved the t-scale computation algorithm by: (1) optimizing digital representations for LoG and DoG kernels for edge detection and (2) ellipse fitting by using minimization of both algebraic and geometric distance errors. Also, t-scale has been applied to computing the deformation vector field with applications to medical image registration. Currently, the method is implemented in twodimension (2D) and the deformation vector field is directly computed from t-scale-derived normal vectors at matching locations in two images to be registered. Also, the method has been used to develop a simple algorithm for computing 2D warping from one shape onto another. Normal vector yields local structure orientation pointing to the closest edge. However, this information is less reliable along the medial axis of a shape as it may be associated with either of the two opposite edges of the local shape. This problem is overcome using a shape-linearity measure estimating relative changes in scale along the orthogonal direction. Preliminary results demonstrate the method's potential in estimating deformation between two images.
The Incidence of Scoliosis Due to Neurofibromatosis (1976)

Cobb in 1950 stated that a high proportion of scolioses, classified as idiopathic, may be due to neurofibromatosis. This paper describes a retrospective study of a series of 3209 scoliosis cases to determine the incidence of neurofibromatosis. It was found to be just over 3 per cent. Two different clinical pictures of scoliosis were seen among the neurofibromatosis cases.