gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intestinal short‐chain fatty acids alter <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> invasion gene expression and virulence through BarA/SirA (2002)

Salmonella typhimurium causes enteric and systemic disease by invading the intestinal epithelium of the distal ileum, a process requiring the invasion genes of Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1). BarA, a sensor kinase postulated to interact with the response regulator SirA, is required for the expression of SPI-1 invasion genes. We found, however, that a barA null mutation had little effect on virulence using the mouse model for septicaemia. This confounding result led us to seek environmental signals present in the distal ileum that might supplant the need for BarA. We found that acetate restored the expression of invasion genes in the barA mutant, but had no effect on a sirA mutant. Acetate had its effect only at a pH that allowed its accumulation within the bacterial cytoplasm and not with the deletion of ackA and pta, the two genes required to produce acetyl-phosphate. These results suggest that the rising concentration of acetate in the distal ileum provides a signal for invasion gene expression by the production of acetyl-phosphate in the bacterial cytoplasm, a pathway that bypasses barA. We also found that a Delta(ackA-pta) mutation alone had no effect on virulence but, in combination with Delta(barA), it increased the oral LD50 24-fold. Thus, the combined loss of the BarA- and acetate-dependent pathways is required to reduce virulence. Two other short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), propionate and butyrate, present in high concentrations in the caecum and colon, had effects opposite to those of acetate: neither restored invasion gene expression in the barA mutant, and both, in fact, reduced expression in the wild-type strain. Further, a combination of SCFAs found in the distal ileum restored invasion gene expression in the barA mutant, whereas colonic conditions failed to do so and also reduced expression in the wild-type strain. These results suggest that the concentration and composition of SCFAs in the distal ileum provide a signal for productive infection by Salmonella, whereas those of the large intestine inhibit invasion.
Optimizing Cholesterol Removal in Cream Using β‐Cyclodextrin and Response Surface Methodology (1999)

ABSTRACT Average cholesterol reduction increased as β‐cyclodextrin concentration increased, regardless of other factors. The process was optimized using RSM. When β‐cyclodextrin addition was 10%, the effect of stirring speed was more noticeable than that of stirring time. When stirring speed was at 1,600 rpm, 94.2% of cholesterol was reduced in 30 min. When stirring time was 20 min, the cholesterol was reduced 97.99% using 15%β‐cyclodextrin. When stirring speed was 1,200 rpm, the effect of β‐cyclodextrin addition was greater than that of stirring time. Although the percentage of cholesterol reduction varied with different factors and conditions, about 94% of cholesterol was removed from cream.
2003 Employee Attitude Survey: Analysis of Employee Comments (2005)

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) distributed 48,900 Employee Attitude Surveys to its employees in September 2003; of those, 22,720 completed surveys were returned. About 38% (8,606) of the returned surveys contained typed or hand-written comments. A 33% random sample of commented surveys (2,860 surveys) across FAA lines of business and major organizations was selected for transcription and content coding. Of the total codes assigned, 12,703 (91%) were considered negative in tone, and 1,193 (9%) were positive. Comment categories (i.e., combined topics) and topics were chosen for presentation by rank-ordering codes for positive and negative comment categories/topics. The top 50% of positive comments included four categories/topics: confidence in leadership, satisfaction with job overall, commitment/loyalty to the FAA, and confidence in nonsupervisory employees. The top 50% of negative comments included 20 categories/topics. Of these, the categories/topics representing the highest proportion of negative comments were: confidence in leadership; morale; privatization/future contracting; understaffing; FAA policies, practices, and programs; encouraging hard work; management concern for employees; promotion equity; comments about the survey; and trust. The high number of negative comments included in this report should not compel the reader to conclude that employees were extremely dissatisfied overall. In fact, the quantitative reports of response frequencies to the closed-ended items on the survey revealed a variety of areas where most employees were satisfied. For a balanced view of employee feedback, consider the results from the quantitative reports along with employee comments from the survey.
Incorporating geological data in well log interpretation (1990)

Abstract A multi-step technique is presented that permits a variety of quantitative and qualitative geological data to be incorporated in the log interpretation process to derive a detailed lithological analysis. The geological data are used to develop and refine explicit tool response and interpretation models. The models include synthetic wireline log data generated from input mineralogical and fluid data. These models are used in an interpretation system together with wireline data to provide a geologically reasonable lithological solution appropriate to the stratigraphic framework of a basin. An application of this technique is presented for a lithologically complex reservoir. A full suite of conventional logs was used together with core-derived data to provide an accurate level-by-level lithological analysis. The results contribute to the refined geological interpretation of the well.
Analysis of radio communication towers subjected to wind, ice and seismic loadings (2006)

The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file.
System of Color Wheels for Streptomycete Taxonomy (1963)

In the sundry systems of streptomycete taxonomy, color of the sporulating aerial mycelium is frequently employed as a systematic criterion. Color series, each containing species of similar spore colors, are generally erected; however, the range of colors encompassed within a series is often not clearly delineated by the usual word description. Therefore, a system is proposed in which the color content of each series is more accurately defined by means of color tabs. Seven spore-color series are recognized (i.e., red, gray, yellow, blue, green, violet, and white), each of which is represented by a color wheel that displays the range of colors included therein. By comparing spore colors with the color wheels, unclassified isolates can readily be assigned to appropriate color groups.
The Cockcroft-Walton Voltage Multiplying Circuit (1954)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Edgar Everhart, Paul Lorrain; The Cockcroft‐Walton Voltage Multiplying Circuit. Rev Sci Instrum 1 April 1954; 25 (4): 394. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1771078 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioReview of Scientific Instruments Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Non-minutiae based fingerprint descriptor (2011)

Fingerprint recognition refers to the techniques of identifying or verifying a match between human fingerprints. Fingerprint recognition has been one of the hot research areas in recent years, and it plays an important role in personal identification (Maio et al., 2003). A general fingerprint recognition system consists of some important steps, such as fingerprint preprocessing, feature extraction, matching, and so on. Usually, a descriptor is defined to identify an item with information storage. A fingerprint descriptor is used to descript and represent a fingerprint image for personal identification. Various fingerprint descriptors have been proposed in the literature. Two main categories for fingerprint descriptors can be classified into minutiae based and non-minutiae based. Minutiae based descriptors (Jain et al. 1997a; Jain et al. 1997b; Liu et al. 2000; Ratha et al. 1996; He et al. 2007; Cappelli et al. 2011) are the most popular algorithms for fingerprint recognition and are sophisticatedly used in fingerprint recognition systems. The major minutia features of fingerprint ridges are: ridge ending, ridge bifurcation and so on (Maio et al., 2003). Minutiae based descriptor use a feature vector extracted from fingerprints as sets of points in a multi-dimensional space, which comprise several characteristics of minutiae such as type, position, orientation, etc. The matching is to essentially search for the best alignment between the template and the input minutiae sets. However, due to the poor image quality and complex input conditions, minutiae are not easy to be accurately determined, thus it may result in low matching accuracy. In addition, minutiae based descriptors may not fully utilize the rich discriminatory information available in the fingerprints with high computational complexity. Non-minutiae based descriptors (Amornraksa & Tachaphetpiboon, 2006; Benhammadi, et al. 2007;Jain et al.,2000; Jin et al., 2004; Nanni and Lumini, 2008; Nanni & Lumini, 2009; Ross, et al. 2003; Sha et al. 2003;Tico et al. 2001; Yang et al., 2006; Yang & Park, 2008a; Yang & Park, 2008b), however, overcome the demerits of the minutiae based method. It uses features other than characteristics of minutiae from the fingerprint ridge pattern, such as local orientation and frequency, ridge shape, and texture information. It can extract more rich discriminatory information and abandon the pre-processing process such as binarization and thinning and post minutiae processing. Other merits are listed by using the nonminutiae based methods, such as a high accuracy; a fast processing speed; a fixed length feature vector; easily coupled with other system; being combined with Biohashing and so on.
Element Failure Correction for a Large Monopulse Phased Array Antenna With Active Amplitude Weighting (2007)

Recently a new method is introduced to synthesize low sidelobe patterns for planar array antennas with a periodic element arrangement. The method makes use of the property that for a planar array with periodic spacing of the elements, an inverse Fourier transform relationship exists between the array factor and the element excitations. This property is used in an iterative way to derive the array element excitations from the prescribed array factor. The same method is also able to partially compensate the degradation of the sidelobe and gain performance of array patterns due to element failures. Numerical examples of array-failure correction using this method are given for ultralow sidelobe sum and difference patterns of a 5800-element circular array where the failed elements are randomly dispersed across the aperture. The tapers in this array are created exclusively by active weighting in the transmit/receive (T/R) modules using variable gain control.
La morbi-mortalité de la chirurgie conventionnelle du cancer de l’œsophage : évaluation des pratiques professionnelles (2014)

Introduction : 
A l’epoque des procedures d’accreditation, d’evaluation des pratiques professionnelles et de la generalisation des bases de donnees, l’evaluation de la qualite des soins en chirurgie oncologique est devenue incontournable. Malgre les progres dans la prise en charge des patients et leur selection, la morbi-mortalite de la chirurgie du cancer de l’œsophage reste parmi les plus elevees. Dans ce contexte, il nous est apparu essentiel d’evaluer notre pratique de la chirurgie oncologique œsophagienne. 
Materiel et Methode : 
L’Association Francaise de Chirurgie (AFC) publiait en 2013 un rapport sur l’activite d’œsophagectomie pour cancer en France entre 2000-2010. Ce document constituait un referentiel pouvant servir de base a l’evaluation de notre pratique selon les modalites definies par la HAS. Nous avons realise une analyse retrospective des dossiers de 91 patients consecutifs operes sur une periode identique dans le service de chirurgie thoracique du CHU de Nice. L’objectif principal etait l’evaluation de la morbi-mortalite a 90 jours de notre serie puis de comparer ces resultats a ceux de la cohorte de l’AFC. 
Resultats : 
Nous avons mis en evidence des resultats equivalents en termes de morbidite : 34% dans notre serie et 31% dans celle de l’AFC (p=0,584); pour une mortalite respective de 4 et 7 % (p=0,333). La serie nicoise differait de celle de l’AFC en matiere d’âge, de traitement peri-operatoire et de frequence des complications respiratoires. 
Discussion : 
Ces resultats et une revue de la litterature nous ont permis de mettre en evidence une certaine difference dans les pratiques et de reflechir aux adaptations a apporter a notre prise en charge. Le but est d’ameliorer encore la qualite des soins.
A comparison of constant feeding with bouts of fasting-refeeding at three levels of nutrition in the rat. (1987)

To investigate whether intermittent fasting alters subsequent utilization of ingested energy, we compared, in six groups of 450-g male Wistar rats, two modalities of food delivery: constant (CO) vs fasting for 3 days and refeeding for 7 days (F/RF). Both modalities were investigated at three planes of nutrition (100, 60 and 40 percent of ad libitum). The F/RF groups were offered, during the 7 days of refeeding, the same amount of food as the CO groups were offered in 10 days. With both 60 and 40 percent food restriction, there were no differences in body weight, body composition, or energy utilization between the F/RF and the CO groups after 4 (40 days) or 8 (80 days) cycles of fasting-refeeding. However, at both 40 and 80 days of study, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity was significantly higher in F/RF rats than in CO rats at all three planes of nutrition. Because 100 percent F/RF rats did not eat all food available during each refeeding period, a second experiment was conducted. Rats were fasted for 3 days then refed ad libitum until they reached the weights of 100 percent CO rats. The two groups did not differ in body weight, food intake, body composition or LPL activity after 4 (40 days) fasting-refeeding cycles. Thus, weight cycling produced by repeated bouts of fasting-refeeding did not result in increased efficiency of energy utilization. However, the combination of fasting-refeeding and overall caloric restriction produced greater LPL activity than constant food restriction. It has not been determined whether this elevated LPL activity would affect lipid accumulation upon ad-libitum refeeding.
Time Series Forecasting Energy-efficient Organization of Wireless Sensor Networks (2007)

Due to their wide potential applications, wireless sensor networks have recentlyreceived tremendous attention. The strict energy constraints of sensor nodes result in thegreat challenges for energy efficiency. This paper investigates the energy efficiency problemand proposes an energy-efficient organization method with time series forecasting. Theorganization of wireless sensor networks is formulated for target tracking. Target model,multi-sensor model and energy model are defined accordingly. For the target trackingapplication, target localization is achieved by collaborative sensing with multi-sensor fusion.The historical localization results are utilized for adaptive target trajectory forecasting.Empirical mode decomposition is implemented to extract the inherent variation modes in thetime series of a target trajectory. Future target position is derived from autoregressivemoving average (ARMA) models, which forecast the decomposition components,respectively. Moreover, the energy-efficient organization method is presented to enhance theenergy efficiency of wireless sensor networks. The sensor nodes implement sensing tasksaccording to the probability awakening in a distributed manner. When the sensor nodestransfer their observations to achieve data fusion, the routing scheme is obtained by antcolony optimization. Thus, both the operation and communication energy consumption canbe minimized. Experimental results verify that the combination of the ARMA model andempirical mode decomposition can estimate the target position efficiently and energy savingis achieved by the proposed organization method in wireless sensor networks.
The Microbial Communities in Male First Catch Urine Are Highly Similar to Those in Paired Urethral Swab Specimens (2011)

Urine is the CDC-recommended specimen for STI testing. It was unknown if the bacterial communities (microbiomes) in urine reflected those in the distal male urethra. We compared microbiomes of 32 paired urine and urethral swab specimens obtained from adult men attending an STD clinic, by 16S rRNA PCR and deep pyrosequencing. Microbiomes of urine and swabs were remarkably similar, regardless of STI status of the subjects. Thus, urine can be used to characterize urethral microbiomes when swabs are undesirable, such as in population-based studies of the urethral microbiome or where multiple sampling of participants is required.
Multi-species weed spatial variability and site-specific management maps in cultivated sunflower (2003)

Abstract Geostatistical techniques were used to describe and map weed spatial distribution in two sunflower fields in Cabello and Monclova, southern Spain. Data from the study were used to design intermittent spraying strategies. Weed species, overall infestation severity (IS) index, and spatial distribution varied considerably between the two sites. Weed species displayed differences in spatial dependence regardless of IS. The IS mapping of each single weed and of the overall infestation was achieved by kriging, and site-specific application maps were then drawn based on the multi-species weed map and the estimated economic threshold (ET). Herbicide treatment was assumed to be needed for an overall IS score of 2 or 3, and the infested “area exceeding the economic threshold” was determined. The overall weed-infested area varied considerably between locations. About 99 and 38% of the total area was moderately infested (IS ≥ 2) at Monclova and Cabello, respectively. Therefore, if a given herbicide were applied just to the areas exceeding the ET, a significant herbicide saving would be realized in Cabello but not in Monclova. A multi-species spatial analysis provides an opportunity to make site-specific management recommendations from a map of the distribution of IS of the total infestation. Furthermore, only in fields with hard-to-control weed species (e.g., nodding broomrape and corn caraway) would site-specific herbicide application maps developed from total weed infestations need to be complemented with targeted site-specific herbicide treatments to prevent further spread of these species, although their IS might be low. Nomenclature: Glyphosate; Bristly oxtongue, Picris echioides L. PICEC; catchweed bedstraw, Gallium aparine L. GALAP; common lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. CHEAL; corn caraway, Ridolfia segetum Morris, CRYRI; cowcockle, Vaccaria pyramidata Medik. VAAPY; European heliotrope, Heliotropium europaeum L. HEOEU; field bindweed, Convolvulus arvensis L. CONAR; littleseed canarygrass, Phalaris paradoxa L. PHAPA; nodding broomrape, Orobanche cernua Loefl. ORACE; prostrate knotweed, Polygonum aviculare L. POLAU; rapeseed, Brassica napus L.; sunflower, Helianthus annuus L.; tumble pigweed, Amaranthus albus L. AMAAL; wild mustard, Sinapis arvensis L. SINAR
Monitoring bluegill swimming behavior and the effects of sublethal ammonium chloride gradients (1979)

A video-computer monitoring system was developed for use evaluating the effects of environmental factors and toxicants on fish behavior. The system recorded the X and Y coordinates of individual fish at 4-second intervals in a 50 cm square observation area and subsequently calculated 13 different behavioral parameters from the resulting time series of coordinates. The standard (control) swimming behavior of bluegills, Lepomis macrochirus, Raf., in the system was characterized in terms of activity, turning and spatial selection parameters over periods of 3 to 4 days and at two temperatures, 5 and 22 °C. Activity started at high levels on Day 1 and gradually decreased with time. The rate of this decrease was greater at 5 °C than at 22 °C. Turning behavior did not change in scale with time but did become more variable after an initial exploratory period. Spatial selection trends included a tendency for bluegills to spend more time around the periphery of the observation area than in the central area, and a tendency to spend more time in the downstream end of the observation area than in the upstream end. The behavioral responses of bluegills to abrupt, sub lethal (1 and 10% of the 96-hr LC50) gradients of ammonium chloride at 22 °C were assessed using the same system. The lower concentration gradients produced temporary increased activity and increased use of near-gradient areas. These responses were considered to be related to exploratory behavior. The higher gradients produced avoidance by 3 out of 4 fish; but these results conflicted with those obtained from previous tests conducted at 14 °C. Because of this discrepancy it was hypothesized that low temperatures interfere with the ability of bluegills to either detect ammonia after a certain period of exposure or their ability to behaviorally compensate for physiological stress produced by ammonia- gradients of this strength.