gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maintenance of functional activity of human pulmonary arteries after cryopreservation (1991)

1. Human intrapulmonary arteries have been investigated in vitro in fresh tissue or after storage at -190 degrees C in foetal calf serum containing 1.8 M dimethyl sulphoxide. 2. After cryopreservation of the arteries, maximal contractile force was reduced to 76%. This was assessed by the responses (in g) to 10 nM of the thromboxane analogue, U 46619. 3. Constricting agonists such as noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine, histamine and U 46619 stimulated fresh and frozen/thawed arteries producing pD2 values similar to the respective values determined on fresh tissues. 4. Endothelium-independent relaxant responses of U 46619-precontracted arteries to prostacyclin (PGI2), aminophylline and papaverine were generally unchanged after storage. The same was true for relaxant response to the potassium channel activator P-1075 whereas the pD2 values for SDZ PCO 400, RP 49356 and cromakalim were somewhat diminished. 5. Nevertheless, a significant correlation was obtained when the apparent pD2 values for all agonists on fresh and frozen/thawed tissues were compared (P less than 0.001). 6. The evidence suggests that after cryopreservation of human intrapulmonary arteries at -190 degrees C, mechanisms of both contraction and relaxation are well-maintained.
Multicore EDFA for Space Division Multiplexing (2014)

We propose multi-core erbium-doped fiber amplifiers for next-generation optical amplifiers utilized by space-division multiplexing technologies. Multi-core erbium-doped fiber amplifiers were studied widely as a means for overcoming exponential growth of internet traffic in the backbone network. We consider two approaches to excitation of erbium irons; One is core-pumping scheme, the other is cladding-pumping scheme. For a core-pumping configuration, we evaluate its applicability to future ultra long-haul network. In addition, we demonstrate that cladding-pumping configuration will enable reduction of power consumption, size, and cost because one multimode pumping laser diode can excite several cores simultaneously embedded in a common cladding and amplify several signals passed through the multi-core erbium-doped fiber cores.
Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Biases Langerhans Cells toward Th2-Type Immunity (2008)

Langerhans cells (LC) are epidermal dendritic cells capable, in several experimental systems, of Ag-presentation for stimulation of cell-mediated immunity. LC have been considered to play a key role in initiation of cutaneous immune responses. Additionally, administration of donor T cells to bone marrow chimeric mice with persistent host LC, but not mice whose LC have been replaced by donor cells, exhibit marked skin graft-vs-host disease, demonstrating that LC can trigger graft-vs-host disease. However, experiments with transgenic mice in which regulatory elements from human langerin were used to drive expression of diphtheria toxin, resulting in absence of LC, suggest that LC may serve to down-regulate cutaneous immunity. LC are associated with nerves containing the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and CGRP inhibits LC Ag-presentation in several models including presentation to a Th1 clone. We now report that CGRP enhances LC function for stimulation of Th2 responses. CGRP exposure enhanced LC Ag presentation to a Th2 clone. Upon presentation of chicken OVA by LC to T cells from DO11.10 chicken OVA TCR transgenic mice, pretreatment with CGRP resulted in increased IL-4 production and decreased IFN-gamma production. CGRP also inhibited stimulated production of the Th1 chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 but induced production of the Th2 chemokines CCL17 and CCL22 by a dendritic cell line and by freshly obtained LC. Changes in production of these chemokines correlated with the effect of CGRP on mRNA levels for these factors. Exposure of LC to nerve-derived CGRP in situ may polarize them toward favoring Th2-type immunity.
Development of a High-Performance Polyester Fiber Carpet Pad (1998)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Interior quietness has been improved over the years until it has now become an important fundamental performance requirement of vehicles. Simple approaches to assuring quietness include the addition of sound isolation materials or the provision of sound-deadening space. These approaches, however, have the undesirable effects of increasing the vehicle weight or sacrificing interior space. Previously, we investigated the effect of the fiber composition on sound isolation performance, focusing on polyester fiber material (nonwoven fabric), and researched sound-isolating materials that would not involve a weight increase. That work led to the development of a polyester fiber material with an optimized fiber composition. The material has been applied to a dash silencer that simultaneously achieves improved sound isolation performance and a lighter weight compared with previous materials. That technology provided the basis for developing a polyester fiber carpet pad. Besides sound isolation, a carpet pad must also provide reactive force and durability against loading as well as good formability and form adaptability because of its complicated shape. These requirements pose a higher technical hurdle than in the case of the dash silencer. The new carpet pad features an optimized fiber composition consisting of side-by-side conjugate polyester matrix fiber and crystal-line polyester binder fiber. The composition satisfies the requirements mentioned above with only half the density of previous materials. Compared with the previous carpet pad made of foamed urethane, the newly developed carpet pad improves the sound isolation performance of the floor and also achieves a weight saving of 15-40%. Furthermore, the new carpet pad can be returned to polyester staple fiber by a fiber opener (that is a recycle machine from nonwoven to staple fiber). This recycled polyester staple fiber can be used again for a carpet pad or other pad use.</div>
A parametric finite element environment tuned for numerical optimization (1998)

Nowadays, numerical optimization in combination with finite element (FE) analysis plays an important role in the design of electromagnetic devices. To apply any kind of optimization algorithm, a parametric description of the FE problem is required and the optimization task must be formulated. Most optimization tasks described in the literature, feature either specially developed algorithms for a specific optimization task, or extensions to standard finite element packages. Here, a 2D parametric FE environment is presented, which is designed to be best suited for numerical optimization while maintaining its general applicability. Particular attention is paid to the symbolic description of the model, minimized computation time and the user friendly definition of the optimization task.
[Treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis: possibilities, problems, and new approaches]. (2003)

Acanthamoeba keratitis is a corneal disease associated predominantly with contact lens wear. The occurrence of Acanthamoeba keratitis has been rising since 1990 in correlation to the growing number of contact lens wearers. To date approximately 2000 cases have been published around the world. Due to the complicated diagnostics, the elaborate treatment and the usually bad compliance of the patients, Acanthamoeba keratitis unfortunately very often takes a serious progression, which may lead to serious visual loss and perforating keratoplasty. Today, local treatment with a combination of polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) and propamidine isethionate (Brolene) is considered the first line therapy for Acanthamoeba keratitis. Alternatively also a combination of propamidine and chlorhexidine or neomycine achieves good therapeutic results. However, the complicated mode of application consistently remains a problem. The intensive local treatment, i.e. hourly application of therapeutics during the first three days day and night makes hospitalization inevitable. Moreover, sufficient efficacy can not always be achieved, and also resistance against propamidine has already been observed. Recently propamidine has sometimes been replaced by hexamidine, which seems to have a greater cysticidal activity. A new path might be struck by the application of alkylphosphocholines. These are phosphocholines esterified to aliphatic alcohols. They exhibit in vitro and in vivo antineoplastic activity and have been shown to be cytotoxic against Leishmania donovani, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Entamoeba histolytica. A recent study has demonstrated that particularly hexadecylphosphocholine is highly effective also against various strains of Acanthamoeba.
On the coordination of two-handed movements. (1979)

In a set of three experiments, we show that after an auditory "go" signal, subjects simultaneously initiate and terminate two-handed movements to targets of widely disparate difficulty. This is the case when the movements required are (a) lateral and away from the midline of the body (Experiment 1), (b) toward the midline of the body (Experiment 2), and (c) in the forward direction away from the body midline (Experiment 3). Kinematic data obtained from high-speed cinematography (200 frames/sec) point to a tight coordinative coupling between the two hands. Although the hands move at entirely different speeds to different points in space, times to peak velocity and acceleration are almost perfectly synchronous. We believe that the brain produces simultaneity of action as the optimal solution for the two-handed task by organizing functional groupings of muscles (coordinative structures) that are constrained to act as a single unit.
Challenges of Mechanochemistry: Is In Situ Real‐Time Quantitative Phase Analysis Always Reliable? A Case Study of Organic Salt Formation (2017)

Mechanochemical methods offer unprecedented academic and industrial opportunities for solvent‐free synthesis of novel materials. The need to study mechanochemical mechanisms is growing, and has led to the development of real‐time in situ X‐ray powder diffraction techniques (RI‐XRPD). However, despite the power of RI‐XRPD methods, there remain immense challenges. In the present contribution, many of these challenges are highlighted, and their effect on the interpretation of RI‐XRPD data considered. A novel data processing technique is introduced for RI‐XRPD, through which the solvent‐free mechanochemical synthesis of an organic salt is followed as a case study. These are compared to ex situ studies, where notable differences are observed. The process is monitored over a range of milling frequencies, and a nonlinear correlation between milling parameters and reaction rate is observed. Kinetic analysis of RI‐XRPD allows, for the first time, observation of a mechanistic shift over the course of mechanical treatment, resulting from time evolving conditions within the mechanoreactor.
A High Efficiency Synchronous Buck VRM with Current Source Gate Driver (2007)

In this paper, a new current source gate drive circuit is proposed for high efficiency synchronous buck VRMs. The proposed circuit achieves quick turn-on and turn-off transition times to reduce switching loss and conduction loss in power MOSFETS. The driver circuit consists of two sets of four control switches and two very small inductors (typically 50nH-300nH each at 1MHz). It drives both the control MOSFET and synchronous MOSFET in synchronous buck VRMs. An analysis, design procedure, optimization procedure and experimental results are presented for the proposed circuit. Experimental results demonstrate an efficiency of 86.6% at 15A load and 81.9% at 30A load for 12V input and 1.3V output at 1MHz.
Coordination‐Polymeric Nanofibers and their Field‐Emission Properties (2009)

The large-scale fabrication of nanofibers of coordination polymers (CPs) is reported for the first time from CP gel precursors by the electrospinning method. In the absence of organic polymeric additives, viscous solutions suitable for drawing fibers have been made by diluting the gel precursors, which are obtained by mixing Ni(OAc)(2) and 4-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid with 4,4'-bis(pyridyl)ethylene (bpe) or 4,4'-bipyridine (bpy) linear spacer ligands in organic solvents. One-dimensional polymeric structures have been proposed for these gels and nanofibers based on the crystal structures of the compounds isolated. These fibers show some interesting field-emission properties. The results described here may well be extended to other one-dimensional polymers, thus opening the door for processing of the coordination polymers.
Effect of ganglionic blockade on endogenous circulating pancreatic polypeptide, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, substance P, neurotensin and noradrenaline in healthy controls and long-term insulin-dependent diabetic patients (1986)

Plasma pancreatic polypeptide (PP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), substance P (SP), neurotensin (NT) and noradrenaline (NA) were measured in eight healthy subjects and 12 long-term insulin-dependent diabetic patients with and without autonomic neuropathy, before and after intravenous infusion of the ganglionic blocking agent trimethaphan camsylate, in order to determine the influence of the autonomic nervous system on the baseline values of the substances. The basal levels of the measured substances were not significantly different in healthy subjects and patients with or without diabetic autonomic neuropathy. In healthy subjects, the ganglionic blockade induced a significant decrease in PP (80%) (P less than 0.02), NA (58%) (P less than 0.05), NT (27%) (P less than 0.05) and a significant increase in SP (30%) (P less than 0.05), while the VIP concentration remained unchanged. The diabetic patients had nearly the same significant decrease in PP (68%) (P less than 0.01), NA (50%) (P less than 0.01), NT (22%) (P less than 0.02), VIP (21%) (P less than 0.05) and increase in SP (73%) (P less than 0.01). No relationship was found between the autonomic neuropathy and changes of the substances during ganglionic blockade. The results indicate that the postganglionic part of the autonomic nervous system participates in the maintenance of a normal baseline level of PP, NT and NA, but not of VIP. The regulation of VIP may be disturbed in long-term diabetic subjects.
C/EBPbeta-2 confers EGF-independent growth and disrupts the normal acinar architecture of human mammary epithelial cells (2005)

Given the ability of C/EBPbeta-2 to confer EGF-independent growth to mammary epithelial cells as well as its capability for disrupting normal epithelial architecture and causing EMT, it is worth considering whether inhibitors which target ErbB family signaling pathways could be less effective in mammary epithelial cells with elevated nuclear C/EBPbeta-2 expression.
Exchange Coupling of Spin-Crossover Molecules to Ferromagnetic Co Islands (2016)

The properties of Fe(1,10-phenanthroline)2(NCS)2 (Fe-phen) molecules deposited on Co/Cu(111) are studied with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) operated in ultrahigh vacuum at low temperature (4 K) and ab initio calculations. Both the experimental and theoretical results are used to identify the high-spin (HS) state of Fe-phen. Additionally, the calculations reveal a strong spin-polarization of the density of states (DOS) and is validated experimentally using the spin sensitivity of spin-polarized STM. Finally, it is shown that the magnetic moment of the Fe-ion within HS Fe-phen is strongly magnetically coupled to the underlying magnetic Co through the NCS groups. These findings enable promising spintronic perspectives.
Alignment of the UKM Undergraduate Nuclear Science Programme to Malaysia National Nuclear Policy (2012)

One of the most important aspects of Human Resource and Manpower Development is in Education and Training. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), being the only University in Asia offering an undergraduate programme on Nuclear Science has been singled out in the Malaysia National Nuclear Policy in the Human Capital Development. The policy was used in comparison to the current UKM undergraduate Nuclear Science Programme to determine whether the programme is align with the aims and strategies adopted in the realisation of Malaysia first Nuclear Power Plant by the 2021. A qualitative data analysis with NVivo Technique was used in the study. The results indicate that the Programme is aligned with all of the thrusts with varying percentage covered and corresponds with in Malaysia National Nuclear Policy strategies.
ChemInform Abstract: UV‐SPEKTREN VON SULFONIUM‐SALZEN SOWIE DIE WECHSELWIRKUNG ZWISCHEN SULFONIUMSALZEN UND MOLEKULAREM SAUERSTOFF (1972)

Abstract Für zahlreiche Trialkyl‐, Alkyldiaryl‐ und Triaryl‐sulfoniumsalze (I)‐(IV) werden aufgrund von UV‐Spektren die Anregungsstufen diskutiert.
Aqueous-Phase Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions of Free Halopurine Bases (2006)

The Suzuki-Miyaura reaction of 9-unsubstituted 2-, 6-, and 8-halopurine bases with diverse aryl- and alkenylboronic acids in water-acetonitrile mixtures under microwave irradiation was used for the single-step synthesis of arylpurines. In most cases the product crystallized directly from the reaction mixture in high yields and good purity. The scope and limitations of these reactions were studied.
Asymmetric redistribution of GABA receptors during GABA gradient sensing by nerve growth cones analyzed by single quantum dot imaging (2007)

During development of the nervous system, the tip of a growing axon, the growth cone (GC), must respond accurately to stimuli that direct its growth. This axonal navigation depends on extracellular concentration gradients of numerous guidance cues, including GABA. GCs can detect even weak directional signals, yet the mechanisms underlying this sensitivity remain unclear. Past studies in other eukaryotic chemotactic systems have pointed to the role of the spatial reorganization of the transduction pathway in their sensitive response. Here we have developed a single-molecule assay to observe individual GABA(A) receptors (GABA(A)Rs) in the plasma membrane of nerve GCs subjected to directional stimuli. We report that in the presence of an external GABA gradient GABA(A)Rs redistribute asymmetrically across the GC toward the gradient source. Single-particle tracking of GABA(A)Rs shows that the redistribution results from transient interactions between the receptors and the microtubules. Moreover, the relocalization is accompanied by an enhancement in the asymmetry of intracellular calcium concentration. Altogether, our results reveal a microtubule-dependent polarized reorganization of chemoreceptors at the cell surface and suggest that this polarization serves as an amplification step in GABA gradient sensing by nerve GCs.
Resonance sound transmission into arbitrarily loaded submerged cylindrical shells (1985)

We develop the fundamental exact analytical and computational model required to study the transmission of incident plane sound waves into submerged elastic cylindrical shells subjected to arbitrary forcing functions on their outer surface. We use the superposition principle in this linear problem to separate the contributions to the internally transmitted field caused by the incident wave from that of the surface excitation. This basic model uses the exact (2-D) formulation of elastodynamics to describe the shell motions, and that of general linear acoustics to describe the wave motion in the inner and outer fluids. We display the isobaric contours of the internally transmitted pressure fields, exhibiting their caustics and their progressive development as the frequency is increased within the band 0≤k3a≤10. The contour plots are generated for all possible combinations of forcing functions and insonification conditions with a view toward computing an advantage ratio PR which measures the gains that would result from sensing the internally transmitted field, rather than the field external to the shell at its surface. This advantage ratio is shown always to be greater than unity, and in many cases, much greater than unity. The effects of two basically different types of loads are analyzed via internal isobaric plots, and also by means of spectral plots computed at selected fixed points inside the shell. We observe an encouraging overall permanence of the caustic locations, at fixed frequencies, as the types of surface loads are varied. The present investigation of sound transmission into arbitrarily surface-loaded shells clearly demonstrates the filtering behavior of the shell in the frequency domain, and its focusing action in space. Hence, for moderate surface loads, the air-filled submerged shell analyzed here acts as a very effective sound concentrator, particularly near the resonances of its monopole mode.
Improvement of durability of an organic photocatalyst in p-xylene oxygenation by addition of a Cu(ii) complex (2012)

The catalytic durability of an organic photocatalyst, 9-mesityl-10-methyl acridinium ion (Acr(+)-Mes), has been dramatically improved by the addition of [{tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine}Cu(II)](ClO(4))(2) ([(tmpa)Cu(II)](2+)) in the photocatalytic oxygenation of p-xylene by molecular oxygen in acetonitrile. Such an improvement is not observed by the addition of Cu(ClO(4))(2) in the absence of organic ligands. The addition of [(tmpa)Cu](2+) in the reaction solution resulted in more than an 11 times higher turnover number (TON) compared with the TON obtained without [(tmpa)Cu(II)](2+). In the photocatalytic oxygenation, a stoichiometric amount of H(2)O(2) formation was observed in the absence of [(tmpa)Cu(II)](2+), however, much less H(2)O(2) formation was observed in the presence of [(tmpa)Cu(II)](2+). The photocatalytic mechanism was investigated by laser flash photolysis measurements in order to detect intermediates. The reaction of O(2)˙(-) with [(tmpa)Cu(II)](2+) monitored by UV-vis spectroscopy in propionitrile at 203 K suggested formation of [{(tmpa)Cu(II)}(2)O(2)](2+), a transformation which is crucial for the overall 4-electron reduction of molecular O(2) to water, and a key in the observed improvement in the catalytic durability of Acr(+)-Mes.
Effects of substance P antagonists on synaptic transmission in the guinea-pig sympathetic ganglia (1983)

Evidence is accumulating that substance P(SP) released from axon collaterals of primary afférents acts as a transmitter for non-cholinergic slow EPSP in the guinea-pig prevertebral ganglia. In this study,we examined the effects of SP antagonists on synaptic transmission in the ganglia and chemical sensitivities of the ganglion cells.
Fundamental Limits to Mode-Locked Lasers: Toward Terawatt Peak Powers (2014)

Most mode-locked solid-state lasers are based on soliton solutions of the cubic Ginzburg-Landau equation. Their performance is close to theoretical limits, and new design paradigms will be needed if solid-state systems are to continue to improve at their historically aggressive rates. Through comprehensive analysis of the interplay of group-velocity dispersion, nonlinear refraction, spectral filtering, and saturable absorption, we identify the factors that fundamentally limit the achievable peak power of solid-state lasers. Numerical calculations that accurately model existing solid-state lasers are used to assess new designs. In particular, we focus on normal-dispersion cavities, which support dissipative solitons. The calculations reveal that the gain bandwidth, modulation depth of the saturable absorber, and nonlinear phase accumulation present the primary limitations to the peak power. We assess these limitations in Ti:sapphire, Yb:KGW, and thin-disk oscillators. Guidelines for the optimum designs are presented, and we show that dissipative soliton pulse-shaping in cavities with net normal dispersion can fundamentally allow performance improvements of several orders of magnitude. High-performance oscillators should offer low-noise, low-cost alternatives to some current amplifier-based systems.
Trademarks (2000)

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