gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Aprotinin, a Kallikrein Inhibitor, on Renin Release and Urinary Sodium Excretion in Mild Essential Hypertensives (1987)

The effects of aprotinin on renin release and renal function were evaluated in 24 male essential hypertensive patients, on unrestricted (n = 17) and on chronic low as well as on high sodium intake. Aprotinin (1 X 10(6) kallikrein inhibitor units) or saline (200 ml) were infused in all patients for 6 h. Blood samples were taken for plasma renin activity (PRA) and 6-h urine collections were obtained for active and inactive kallikrein, sodium and potassium excretion measurement. In patients on unrestricted sodium diet, aprotinin had no effect on blood pressure (BP), glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, urinary sodium and potassium excretion. However, an inverse relationship was found between pretreatment urinary sodium excretion and the per cent reduction of the latter after aprotinin. A significant reduction in urinary sodium excretion was induced by aprotinin in patients on high sodium intake, whereas no change was observed in the same patients when on a low sodium diet. Aprotinin reduced the urinary excretion of active kallikrein by 81% and the active to total kallikrein ratio from 24 to 6%. Infusion of aprotinin induced a significant decline in active renin but did not modify inactive renin levels in patients on unrestricted sodium diet as well as in patients on low or high sodium intake. Our data suggest that the inhibition of kallikrein and/or other serine proteases by aprotinin can interfere with renal release of active renin and also support the hypothesis that the renal kallikrein system exerts a regulatory control on sodium excretion in salt replete hypertensives.
Paramagnetic products formed in the reactions of organometallic compounds. XII ESR study of oxido anion substituted diaryl ketyl radicals (1981)

Abstract In the reactions of alkyl‐substituted‐benzenecarboxylic and ‐2‐hydroxybenzenecarboxylic acids (ArCOOH) with alkyl‐substituted phenyl Grignard reagents (RMgX) in the presence of nickel, ketyl radicals ArCO − R are formed. The para substituents (H, Me, Et, Isopr and t ‐Bu) of R increase the non‐equivalence of its ortho protons (a change of a 2 H = 0.43 mT, a 6 H = 0.422 mT to 0.435 mT, 0.395mT respectively, on substituting t ‐butyl for H at position 4). The oxido anion group originating from 2‐hydroxybenzenecarboxylic acid has a strong push effect and nearly doubles the unpaired spin density on the phenyl ring R.
Bandgap renormalization: GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells (1998)

Bandgap energy renormalization by many-body interactions has been studied in a series of n-type 8-nm-wide GaAs/AlGaAs single quantum wells using magnetoluminescence spectroscopy at 1.4 K and for magnetic fields up to 30 T. The 2D-carrier densities varied between 1 and 12 X 10<SUP>11</SUP> cm<SUP>-2</SUP>. At the maximum 2D-carrier density, the bandgap energy difference between the doped and undoped samples was about 34 meV.
Stimulated Emission, Electro- and Photoluminescence of InGaN/GaN EL-Test and SQW Heterostructures Grown by MOVPE (2000)

Electroluminescence test and SQW InGaN/GaN heterostructures were characterised with electroluminescence, photoluminescence, photoluminescence excitation and stimulated emission spectroscopy. It was found that the electroluminescence emission from the heterostructure edge reveals leaking modes. Laser action under optical excitation was achieved up to room temperature in the SQW heterostructures which showed sharp photoluminescence excitation bands and, thus, a sufficiently homogeneous distribution of the In atoms in the quantum well. We suppose that one of the possible mechanisms of the yellow luminescence excitation in the QW structures is the energy transfer by tunneling of carriers from the electron states in the InGaN layers into the excited states responsible for the yellow luminescence in the GaN barriers.
Closterovirus bipolar virion: Evidence for initiation of assembly by minor coat protein and its restriction to the genomic RNA 5′ region (2004)

The long flexuous virions of the Closteroviridae have a unique bipolar architecture incorporating two coat proteins, with most of the helical nucleocapsid encapsidated by the major coat protein (CP) and a small portion of one end encapsidated by the minor coat protein (CPm). It is not known whether CPm encapsidates the genomic RNA and, if so, which end and what effects transition between the two coat proteins. Two other virus-encoded proteins, an HSP70 homolog (HSP70h) and an approximately 61-kDa protein, are required to augment virion assembly. In this work, we examine the in vivo encapsidation of Citrus tristeza virus by its CPm in the absence of CP. In the absence of other assembly-related proteins, CPm protected a family of 5' coterminal RNAs, apparently because of pausing at different locations along the genomic RNA. Most of the nucleocapsids formed by CPm were short, but a few were full-length and infectious. Mutations within the 5' nontranslated region demonstrated that the CPm origin of assembly overlaps the previously described conserved stem-and-loop structures that function as a cis-acting element required for RNA synthesis. Thus, in the absence of CP, the CPm encapsidation is initiated from the 5' end of the genomic RNA. Coexpression of HSP70h and the p61 protein with CPm in protoplasts restricted encapsidation to the 5' approximately 630 nucleotides, which is close to the normal boundary of the bipolar virion, whereas the presence of either HSP70h or the p61 protein alone did not limit encapsidation by CPm.
A Comparative Trial of Psychotherapies for Ambulatory Cocaine Abusers: Relapse Prevention and Interpersonal Psychotherapy (1991)

Despite the widespread use of psychotherapy as treatment for cocaine abuse, the effectiveness of psychotherapy has not been explored through clinical trials. Forty-two outpatients who met DSM-III criteria for cocaine abuse were randomly assigned to one of two forms of purely psychotherapeutic treatments of cocaine abuse, either relapse prevention (RPT) or interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT). Subjects assigned to relapse prevention were more likely than subjects in IPT to attain three or more continuous weeks of abstinence (57 versus 33%), be classified as recovered at the point of treatment termination (43 versus 19%), and complete treatment (67 versus 38%). Whereas these differences did not reach statistical significance, significant differences by treatment group did emerge when subjects were stratified by severity of substance use: Among the subgroup of more severe users, subjects who received RPT were significantly more likely to achieve abstinence (54 versus 9%) and be classified as recovered (54 versus 0%). Among the subgroups of subjects with lower severity of substance abuse, outcome was comparable for both treatment types. Comparison of results from this investigation with historical controls from a structurally similar pharmacotherapy trial suggests that purely psychotherapeutic treatments may be both viable and effective approaches for many ambulatory cocaine abusers.
Note on the proton-donating ability of water in hydrogen-bonding reactions (1977)

A vapour pressure method has been used to determine the partial pressure of water as a function of the concentrations of dissolved water and quinoline in the solvents diphenylmethane, n-hexadecane and several mixtures of diphenylmethane and hexadecane. Inferred values of the equilibrium constant for formation of quinoline · H2O and the effects of solvents on this constant are analogous to those determined previously for pyridine · H2O. In disagreement with a recent report, it is concluded that water is a much poorer proton donor than phenol, but similar in proton-donating ability to aliphatic alcohols.
Practical Scalability of Wavelength Routing Switches (2009)

Packet switches with optical fabrics can potentially scale to higher capacities. It is also potentially possible to improve their reliability, and reduce both their footprint and power consumption. A well-known alternative for implementing hardwired switches is Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG). Ideally, AWG insertion losses do not depend on the number of input-output ports, meaning that scalability is theoretically infinite. However, accurate second-order assessment has demonstrated that in-band crosstalk exponentially increases the power penalty, limiting the realistic useful size of AWG commercial devices to about 10-15 ports (13-18 dB). On the other hand, the in-band crosstalk at AWG outputs depends on the connection pattern set by the scheduling algorithm and this port count limitation is calculated for worst-case scenarios. In this paper, we show that distributed schedulers with predetermined connection patterns can be used to avoid these harmful arrangements. We also show that the probability of worst-case patterns is very low, allowing us to set a more realistic port limit for general centralized schedulers and very small losses. With these results, we calculate more realistic port count limits for both scheduler types.
Aligning Single Crystals for X-Ray Diffraction (1952)

First Page
Enzymatic reduction of alloxan by thioredoxin and NADPH-thioredoxin reductase. (1980)

Alloxan reacts with certain sulfhydryl groups either by chemical modification or reduction to dialuric acid. The effects of the drug on NADPH-thioredoxin oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.4.5] and thioredoxin-(SH)2, a ubiquitous thiol-dependent disulfide reductase system, are described. Alloxan was a direct substrate for a nearly homogenous preparation of calf thymus NADPH-thioredoxin reductase with an apparent Km of 330 microM and a Kcat of 1000 min-1 at pH 7.0 and 25 degrees C. Alloxan was not a substrate for the corresponding Escherichia coli NADPH-thioredoxin reductase. However, E. coli and calf thymus thioredoxin-(SH)2 both efficiently reduced alloxan. Thus, alloxan showed an apparent Km of 70 microM in the presence of 3.4 microM E. coli thioredoxin, 0.2 microM thioredoxin reductase, and 0.4 mM NADPH. The insulin disulfide reductase activity of the complete calf thymus thioredoxin system was inhibited by alloxan, as predicted from the reaction of the drug with both thioredoxin-(SH)2 and thioredoxin reductase. The toxic action of alloxan on animal cells, particularly the beta cells of pancreas, may be caused by rapid oxidation of cellular NADPH and generation of cytotoxic dialuric acid catalyzed by the thioredoxin system.
Reducing resistance to diabetes treatment using short narrative interventions (2009)

Short narrative interventions demonstrated in this study can be used by health care professionals as a working tool that provides the possibility reducing the patient's reasons for resistance to treatment.
Recent Trends in the Performance of Tungsten-Halogen and HID Low-Beam Headlamps in the U.S. (2005)

We present photometric data for a sample of high-intensity discharge (HID) low-beam headlamps for model year 2004 vehicles in the U.S. and for the corresponding tungsten-halogen low-beam headlamps manufactured for use on the same vehicles. We also analyze the technological and photometric trends for low-beam headlighting in the U.S. from 1997 to 2004. There are two main findings. First, from 1997 to 2004 there was a general photometric improvement of both tungsten-halogen and HID low beams. Second, the photometric performance of the current HID low beams is superior to that of the current tungsten-halogen low beams.
Vitamin E and stress (1967)

1. The nature of the relationship between vitamins A and E has been studied in the rat and the chick. 2. Stress induced by diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was found to have no effect on the liver vitamin A reserves of vitamin E-deficient rats given dietary vitamin A or repeated small oral doses of vitamin A. 3. Dietary PUFA did not affect the liver vitamin A reserves of young rats given necrogenic diets deficient in vitamin E and selenium, nor were these reserves affected by the onset of liver necrosis or its prevention by Se. 4. The effect of dietary PUFA on the rate of depletion of liver vitamin A reserves in weanling rats or rats depleted initially of vitamins A and E and then given a single large dose of vitamin A was studied over periods from 2 to 12½ weeks. In three experiments the dietary PUFA did not significantly accelerate vitamin A depletion. In one experiment the depletion rate was increased, but this was not reversed by dietary vitamin E and thus could not be attributed to an enhancement of peroxidation in vivo but rather to a toxic effect. The effect of vitamin E in these experiments was not consistent but, in general, it slightly decreased the rate of depletion. 5. Large doses of vitamin A did not affect the metabolism of small amounts of [ 14 C]D-α-tocopherol in the vitamin E-deficient rat or chick, when interaction of the two vitamins in the gastro-intestinal tract was avoided. 6. Large doses of vitamin A (40000 i.u. in total) given to vitamin E-deficient chicks receiving a diet containing 1% linoleic acid (as maize oil esters) did not accelerate the onset of encephalomalacia and therefore failed to exert a pro-oxidative effect on tissue tocopherol. 7. The conclusion drawn from these experiments was that any relationship that may exist in vivo between vitamins A and E is not concerned with an effect of vitamin E in preventing oxidation of vitamin A. A critical review of the literature on the nature of the relationship in general supports this view.
Studies with Androsterone-3-<sup>3</sup>H,4-<sup>14</sup>C (1967)

The metabolic disposition of androsterone-3-3H,4-14C in 2 subjects has been studied. Dehydrogenation of the C-3 hydroxyl group with resynthesis of androsterone was quite extensive. Part of the androsterone that was retained in the body for a longer term lost as much as 80% of the isotope initially at C-3. Much of this tritium appeared promptly in the body water and the isotope continued to accumulate throughout the study. Recovery of the carbon skeleton was less complete and virtually all the 14C was present as androsterone. Elimination was almost exclusively by way of the urine; feces contained only small amounts of the administered 14C. Declining 3H/14C ratio of androsterone with time suggested a continuous process of oxidation of the 3α-hydroxyl group and resynthesis by reduction with protium. There was a difference in isotope ratio between androsterone conjugated as “glucosiduronate” and “sulfate.” The study demonstrates the surprising extent to which an important biologically active hormone metabolite is further utilized in vivo in man. The extent of oxidation and reduction of the C-3 hydroxyl group suggests that androsterone could serve an important cellular function in man.
Addition Compounds of Alkali Metal Hydrides. II. Sodium Trimethoxyborohydride as a Reducing Agent for Organic Compounds<sup>1,2</sup> (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAddition Compounds of Alkali Metal Hydrides. II. Sodium Trimethoxyborohydride as a Reducing Agent for Organic Compounds1,2Herbert C. Brown and Edward J. MeadCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 24, 6263–6265Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01120a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01120a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views531Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chelation of Calcium by Lactose: Its Role in Transport Mechanisms (1963)

Lactose, like other sugars and polyols, prevents or delays the precipitation of calcium ion in the presence of bicarbonate buffer. That an uncharged calcium-lactose complex is formed was demonstrated by the use of paper electrophoresis and of calcium-45 as a label for the complex. Enhancement of the intestinal absorption of calcium ion by sugars could result from a complex of low molecular weight.
Kombination aus TACE unter Verwendung von „drug eluting beads“ und nachgeschalteter perkutaner Radiofrequenz-Ablation in der Therapie des Hepatozellulären Karzinoms: Erste klinische Ergebnisse (2008)

Ziele: Evaluation der Kombination aus transarterieller Chemoembolisation (TACE) unter Verwendung von Chemotherapeutikum freisetzender Partikel („drug eluting beads“) und nachgeschalteter perkutaner Radiofrequenz (RF)-Ablation in der Therapie des Hepatozellulären Karzinoms (HCC). Methode: Bei 8männlichen Patienten (mittleres Alter: 69,5 Jahre) wurden 12 HCC Herde mit einer Tumorgröße von 2,5–5,0cm (Mittelwert: 3,4cm) mittels einer Kombination aus TACE und perkutaner RF-Ablation behandelt. Die TACE wurde unter Verwendung von Chemotherapeutikum freisetzender Partikel 6–12 Tage (Mittelwert: 8,3d) vor geplanter RF-Ablation durchgeführt. Die Partikel waren mit einer Dosis von 40–50mg Epirubicin beladen. Die perkutane RF-Ablation wurde MRT-gestützt in einem 1,5 Tesla MR-Tomographen (Magnetom Espree, Siemens) durchgeführt. Es wurden MR-kompatible intern-gekühlte monopolare oder bi-/multipolare RF-Elektroden verwendet. Die Therapiekontrolle wurde an einem 1,5 Tesla MR-Tomographen (Magnetom Avanto, Siemens) durchgeführt. Das mittlere Follow-up betrug 8,1 Monate (1–13 Monate). Ergebnis: Die TACE unter Verwendung von „drug eluting beads“ war in 8/8 (100%) Fällen technisch erfolgreich. Die nachgeschaltete MRT-gestützte RF-Ablation war ebenfalls in 8/8 (100%) Fällen technisch erfolgreich, jeweils beurteilt am Ende der Intervention. Im Rahmen des weiteren Follow-up zeigte sich eine vollständige Koagulation bei 11/12 (91,7%) HCC Herden, dabei war jeweils eine Sitzung ausreichend. Ein HCC Herd mit einem Diameter von 5cm zeigte nach 7 Monaten ein Lokalrezidiv, welches erfolgreich reseziert wurde. Bei zwei Patienten (25%) wurden im weiteren Verlauf heterotope intrahepatische HCC Herde detektiert. Im Rahmen der Kombinationstherapie aus TACE und RF-Ablation traten eine Minor-Komplikation (subkapsuläres Hämatom) und keine Major-Komplikation auf. Schlussfolgerung: Die Kombinationstherapie aus TACE unter Verwendung von „drug eluting beads“ und nachgeschalteter perkutaner RF-Ablation bietet eine sich ergänzende und lokal effektive Therapieoption in der Behandlung des Hepatozellulären Karzinoms.
Calculation of Migration and Binding Energies of Mono-, Di-, and Trivacancies in Copper with the Use of a Morse Function (1959)

A machine calculation has been made of the migration and binding energy of a trivacancy in copper with the use of a Morse function. It was found that a very large relaxation occurs for one atom into the trivacancy. This relaxation causes the trivacancy to be shared equally by four atomic sites and results in a large contribution (about 2.3 ev) to the binding energy. The migration of a trivacancy requires a partial dissociation of this configuration. The energy of migration is calculated to be 1.9 ev. Thus, a trivacancy is highly stable, quite immobile, and is, therefore, probably the nucleus for void formation. For purposes of comparison the migration energies of mono- and divacancies were also computed by the same method without relaxation. These energies are 1.3 and 0.2 ev, respectively.
Das System Gd/Co/B: Darstellung und röntgenographische Charakterisierung von GdCo<sub>4</sub>B, Gd<sub>3</sub>Co<sub>11</sub>B<sub>4</sub>, GdCoB<sub>4</sub> und GdCo<sub>12</sub>B<sub>6</sub> (2007)

Abstract The System Gd/Co/B: Preparation and Characterization by X‐ray Diffraction of GdCo 4 B, Gd 3 Co 11 B 4 , GdCoB 4 , and GdCo 12 B 6 The compounds GdCo 4 B, Gd 3 Co 11 B 4 , GdCoB 4 , and GdCo 12 B 6 were characterized by X‐ray investigations of single crystals. GdCo 4 B ( P 6/ mmm , a = 505.9(1) pm, c = 690.1(1) pm) crystallizes with the CeCo 4 B structure type; Gd 3 Co 11 B 4 ( P 6/ mmm , a = 508.7(1) pm, c = 982.9(9) pm) with the Ce 3 Co 11 B 4 stucture type; GdCo 12 B 6 ( $R{\bar 3}m$ , a = 949.5(1) pm, c = 747.4(1) pm) with the SrNi 12 B 6 structure type and GdCoB 4 ( P bam , a = 591.3(9) pm, b = 1145.1(6) pm, c = 346.2(3) pm) with the YbCoB 4 structure type.
“Use-once” variables and linear objects (1995)

Programming languages should have 'use-once' variables in addition to the usual 'multiple-use' variables. 'Use-once' variables are bound to linear ( unshared, unaliased, or singly-referenced ) objects. Linear objects are cheap to access and manage, because they require no synchronization or tracing garbage collection. Linear objects can elegantly and efficiently solve otherwise difficult problems of functional/mostly-functional systems---e.g., in-place updating and the efficient initialization of functional objects. Use-once variables are ideal for directly manipulating resources which are inherently linear such as freelists and 'engine ticks' in reflective languages.A 'use-once' variable must be dynamically referenced exactly once within its scope. Unreferenced use-once variables must be explicitly killed, and multiply-referenced use-once variables must be explicitly copied; this duplication and deletion is subject to the constraint that some linear datatypes do not support duplication and deletion methods. Use-once variables are bound only to linear objects, which may reference other linear or non-linear objects. Non-linear objects can reference other non-linear objects, but can reference a linear object only in a way that ensures mutual exclusion.Although implementations have long had implicit use-once variables and linear objects, most languages do not provide the programmer any help for their utilization. For example, use-once variables allow for the safe/controlled use of reified language implementation objects like single-use continuations.Linear objects and use-once variables map elegantly into dataflow models of concurrent computation, and the graphical representations of dataflow models make an appealing visual linear programming language .
Impact of VCO Topology on SET Induced Frequency Response (2007)

Laser experiments performed on two SiGe voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) circuit topologies show different output spectrums. Analytical models demonstrate that spectral response is determined by design features that impact modulated amplitude or frequency characteristic of transient signals. Further analysis of the two circuits shows the DC bias condition dependence on the topology during laser strikes, which is the main cause of the frequency and amplitude modulation of the transient output signal.
Dialysis technique for containment of microbial populations inoculated into food systems (1977)

A technique utilizing dialysis tubing was developed for the containment of microbial populations introduced into a food system. The entrapment of the inoculum was accomplished while reducing interference with interactions between the sample and the surrounding environment.
In vivo evaluation of Z-(R,R)-IQNP as a candidate for the study of M{sub 2} muscarinic receptors by SPECT (1997)

The ability to image alternations of M{sub 2} muscarinic receptors is of importance in the study of dementias and heart failure. We have developed a QNB analogue, Z-(R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yl (R)-alpha-hydroxy-alpha-(1-iodo-1-propen-3-yl)-alpha-phenylacetate (Z-(R,R)-IQNP), which demonstrates high in vitro binding affinity for both the M{sub 1} and M{sub 2} muscarinic receptor subtypes.