gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epigallocatechin-3-O-Gallate Inhibits the Angiotensin II-Induced Adhesion Molecule Expression in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell Via Inhibition of MAPK Pathways (2007)

Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) is the main catechin, which is derived from Camellia sinensis plant. Vascular cell adhesion molecules (VCAMs) and intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs) mediate the binding of inflammatory cells onto the vascular wall-promoting the early phase of atherosclerosis. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism(s) by which EGCG inhibits angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced elevation of the membrane associated VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Ang II induced a 40% increase of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in the plasma membrane. EGCG (10 to 50 microM) inhibited the effect of Ang II in a concentration-dependent manner. In parallel, the Ang II-induced elevation of the mRNA expressions of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in HUVEC were completely inhibited by 50 microM EGCG. Since mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) families are involved in vascular inflammation in response to stressful stimuli, we investigated the effects of EGCG on the MAPK signal transduction pathway stimulated by Ang II. EGCG (30 to 50 microM) completely inhibited the Ang II-induced phosphorylation of ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) 1/2 and p38 MAPK. PD98059, an inhibitor of ERK1/2 inhibited the Ang II-induced increase of VCAM-1 but not of ICAM-1 in the plasma membranes. In contrast, SB203580, an inhibitor of p38 MAPK inhibited both the Ang II-induced enrichment of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. From these results, it may be concluded that EGCG inhibits the Ang II-induced elevation of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in the HUVEC plasma membranes via inhibition of the p38 MAPK and the ERK1/2 signalling pathways resulting in an inhibition of the VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 transcription.
Towards an accurate AS-level traceroute tool (2003)

Traceroute is widely used to detect routing problems, characterize end-to-end paths, and discover the Internet topology. Providing an accurate list of the Autonomous Systems (ASes) along the forwarding path would make traceroute even more valuable to researchers and network operators. However, conventional approaches to mapping traceroute hops to AS numbers are not accurate enough. Address registries are often incomplete and out-of-date. BGP routing tables provide a better IP-to-AS mapping, though this approach has significant limitations as well. Based on our extensive measurements, about 10% of the traceroute paths have one or more hops that do not map to a unique AS number, and around 15% of the traceroute AS paths have an AS loop. In addition, some traceroute AS paths have extra or missing AS hops due to Internet eXchange Points, sibling ASes managed by the same institution, and ASes that do not advertise routes to their infrastructure. Using the BGP tables as a starting point, we propose techniques for improving the IP-to-AS mapping as an important step toward an AS-level traceroute tool. Our algorithms draw on analysis of traceroute probes, reverse DNS lookups, BGP routing tables, and BGP update messages collected from multiple locations. We also discuss how the improved IP-to-AS mapping allows us to home in on cases where the BGP and traceroute AS paths differ for legitimate reasons.
CATIONIC POLYELECTROLYTES, LIQUOID AND LEUKOCYTE EXTRACT MODULATE THE BINDING OF IgG TO GROUP A STREPTOCOCCAL Fc‐RECEPTORS (1982)

Various polyelectrolytes were investigated regarding their capacity to inhibit the binding of human IgG to Fc-receptors on group A streptococci, type M1. Of cationic substances, protamine and arginine-rich histone inhibited significantly, while lysine-rich histone, concanavalin A, lysozyme, polymyxin B, ribonuclease and tuftsin did not. Of anionic materials, liquoid was inhibitory, in contrast to chondroitin sulphate, dextran sulphate, DNA and heparin. Washing experiments showed that the inhibition was caused by binding of the polyelectrolytes to the streptococci. The finding that heated IgG inhibited the binding of histone to the streptococci also indicated a close relation between the binding sites for these compounds. Diffusion-in-gel experiments with alkaline extract of M1 demonstrated that the substances blocking the IgG Fc-receptor were bound to polyglycerophosphate, suggesting that the inhibition of the IgG uptake was due to interaction with lipoteichoic acid. Leukocyte and platelet extracts could modify the binding of IgG, probably by an enzymatic digestion of the receptors. The arginine-rich histone was also capable of inhibiting the binding of IgG to type M15 group A streptococci and to one group G strain. However, the polyelectrolytes had no effect on the binding of IgG to Staphylococcus aureus or of IgA to type 4 group A streptococci.
ISOLATION OF CRYSTALLINE TAKA-AMYLASE A FROM “TAKADIASTASE SANKYO” (1954)

Journal Article ISOLATION OF CRYSTALLINE TAKA-AMYLASE A FROM "TAKADIASTASE SANKYO" Get access SHIRO AKABORI, SHIRO AKABORI Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Osaka UniversityOsaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar TOKUJI IKENAKA, TOKUJI IKENAKA Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Osaka UniversityOsaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar BUNJI HAGIHARA BUNJI HAGIHARA Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Osaka UniversityOsaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Biochemistry, Volume 41, Issue 5, September 1954, Pages 577–582, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a126475 Published: 01 September 1954 Article history Received: 25 June 1954 Published: 01 September 1954
The Formation, Structure, Electrochemical Properties and Stability of Trivalent Chrome Process (TCP) Coatings on AA2024 (2011)

We report on the formation, structure, electrochemical properties and stability of trichrome process coatings (TCP) on AA2024-T3. The coating is 50–100 nm thick and forms over most of the alloy surface. It consists of hydrated zirconia (ZrO2•2H2O) and its formation under open circuit conditions is driven by an increase in the interfacial pH caused by (i) dissolution of the oxide layer and (ii) oxygen reduction mainly at the Cu-rich intermetallics. The coating appears biphasic with a hydrated zirconia overlayer and a fluoroaluminate interfacial layer (KxAlF3 + x). Cr(III) oxide is coprecipitated with the hydrated zirconia with Cr-rich regions in and around pits. Some anodic and cathodic protection is provided by physically blocking Al-rich sites (oxidation) and Cu-rich IMCs (reduction). This is evidenced by a 10 × greater polarization resistance, Rp, for the TCP-coated alloys, and suppressed anodic and cathodic currents (air saturated 0.5 M Na2SO4, room temperature) in potentiodynamic polarization scans. In the short-term (4-h immersion), the coating is stable, as evidenced by unchanging passivation performance. While no Cr(VI) species were detected in the coating immediately after formation, Raman spectroscopy revealed consistent evidence for transient formation of Cr(VI) species in the coating after immersion in different air-saturated electrolyte solutions from 1–14 days.
ChemInform Abstract: Methanolysis of Phosphoramidates (I) with Boron Trifluoride‐Methanol Complex. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Electro-Chemical Multi-Channel Integrated Neural Interface Technologies (2006)

We present a comparative review of two multichannel integrated neural interface technologies. The first integrated neural interface prototype performs simultaneous current-mode acquisition of 16 independent channels of redox currents ranging five orders of magnitude in dynamic range over four scales down to hundreds of picoamperes. The second neural interface acquires neural field potentials in microvolts to millivolts range on a 16times16-electrode microarray in voltage mode. Each microsystem features programmable gain amplifiers, tunable band filters, configurable sample-and-hold circuits, and is ready for external analog-to-digital conversion. The current-mode and voltage-mode neural interface prototypes have been experimentally validated in chemical and electrical neural activity monitoring respectively. Side-by-side quantitative comparison of the two neural interface technologies is given
ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS AS POTENTIAL FUNGICIDES. PART VI.<sup>1</sup>PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF ANALOGUES AND DERIVATIVES OF 1-AMINOPROPANEPHOSPHONIC ACID (2001)

Abstract α-Aminopropane-phosphonous,-methylphosphinic, and-phenylphosphinic acids do not exhibit comparable antifungal activity to that shown by α-aminopropanephosphonic acid (ampropylfos) against Drechslera teres, when applied as seed dressings. It is concluded that the phosphonic acid function is necessary for this type of activity. Moderate activity against several organisms was nevertheless shown by α-aminopropane-and α-aminoethane-phosphonous acids in foliar spray tests, although longer chain compounds were found to be inactive, α-Ureidopropanephosphonate (ammonium salt) also showed activity in foliar tests at 1000 ppm. A range of new ureylene-and thioureylene-bisphosphonates, prepared as potential profungicides of ampropylfos, proved to be inactive as seed dressings although tetrakis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) thioureylenebis(1-propylphosphonate) gave 75–100% control of Puccinia recondita as a foliar spray (1000 ppm). Characterization of the various compounds by nmr spectroscopy and mass spectrometry is discussed.
Isostructural Pd<sup>II</sup> and Pt<sup>II</sup> Pyrophosphato Complexes: Polymorphism and Unusual Bond Character in d<sup>8</sup>−d<sup>8</sup> Systems (2011)

Isostructural, "clamshell"-like, neutral dimeric pyrophosphato complexes of general formula {[M(bipy)](2)(μ-P(2)O(7))} [M = Pd(II) (1) or Pt(II) (2)] were synthesized and studied through single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR, (31)P NMR spectroscopy, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Compound 1 was synthesized through the reaction of palladium(II) acetate, 2,2'-bipyridine (bipy), and sodium pyrophosphate (Na(4)P(2)O(7)) in water. Compound 2 was prepared through two different routes. The first involved the reaction of the Pt(IV) precursor Na(2)PtCl(6), bipy, and Na(4)P(2)O(7) in water, followed by reduction in DMF. The second involved the reaction of the Pt(II) precursor K(2)PtCl(4), bipy, and Na(4)P(2)O(7) in water. Both complexes crystallize in the monoclinic chiral space group Cc as hexahydrates, 1·6H(2)O (1a, yellow crystals) and 2·6H(2)O (2a, orange crystals), and exhibit a zigzag chain-like supramolecular packing arrangement with short and long intra/intermolecular metal-metal distances [3.0366(3)/4.5401(3) Å in 1a; 3.0522(3)/4.5609(3) Å in 2a]. A second crystalline phase of the Pt species was also isolated, with formula 2·3.5H(2)O (2b, deep green crystals), characterized by a dimer-of-dimers (pseudo-tetramer) structural submotif. Green crystals of 2b could be irreversibly converted to the orange form 2a by exposure to air or water, without retention of crystallinity, while a partial, reversible crystal-to-crystal transformation occurred when 2a was dried in vacuo. (31)P NMR spectra recorded for both 1 and 2 at various pHs revealed the occurrence of a fluxional protonated/deprotonated system in solution, which was interpreted as being composed, in the protonated form, of [HO=PO(3)](+) (P(α)) and O=PO(3) (P(β)) pyrophosphate subunits. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited two successive one-electron oxidations, mostly irreversible in nature; however, a dependence upon pH was observed for 1, with oxidation only occurring in strongly basic conditions. Density functional theory and atoms in molecules analyses showed that a d(8)-d(8) interaction was present in 1 and 2.
Coadministration of IFN-γ Enhances Antibody Responses in Chickens (1998)

The development of new generation vaccines has focused on the use of natural immunologic adjuvants that are capable of enhancing a protective immune response. The use of cytokines as immunomodulators in livestock animals, particularly poultry, is becoming more feasible with the recent cloning of several cytokine genes and the progression of new delivery technologies, such as live vectors and DNA delivery. Given that chickens are reared under intensive conditions that are conducive to infection by opportunistic pathogens, the primary mechanism for disease control in poultry is early and effective vaccination. However, many poultry vaccines offer only short-term protection or give nonuniform responses within flocks. We have developed a model system with which to measure the adjuvant potential of cytokines in chickens. This involves measuring antibody levels following coadministration of chicken interferon-gamma (Ch-IFN-gamma) with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Groups of SPF and commercial broiler birds were injected with two different doses of SRBC with and without coadministration of Ch-IFN-y. Three weeks later, all birds were boosted with SRBC alone. Sera were collected weekly and anti-SRBC antibody titers (total Ig and IgG) were determined by hemagglutination. Priming Ch-IFN-gamma resulted in enhanced primary and secondary (IgG) antibody responses that persisted at higher levels when compared with birds that received SRBC alone. Second, coadministration of Ch-IFN-y allowed a 10-fold lower dose of antigen to be as effective as a high dose of antigen that was given without Ch-IFN-gamma. Third, treatment with Ch-IFN-y resulted in an increase in the proportion of birds responding to antigen challenge. These results suggest the potential use for Ch-IFN-gamma as a vaccine adjuvant.
Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of the Biphenyl Dioxygenase from Pseudomonas sp. Strain B4 (2001)

Biphenyl dioxygenase (BPDO), which catalyzes the first step in the bacterial degradation of biphenyl and polychlorinated biphenyls, was characterized in Pseudomonas sp. B4. The bphA locus containing the four structural genes encoding BPDO were cloned and sequenced. A regulatory gene as well as a putative regulatory sequence were identified upstream of this locus. A transposase-like gene was found within a 1-kb region further upstream, thereby suggesting that the bphA locus may be carried on a transposable element. The three components of the BPDO enzyme have been separately overexpressed and purified from E. coli. The ferredoxin and terminal dioxygenase components showed biochemical properties comparable to those of two previously characterized BPDOs, whereas the ferredoxin reductase exhibited an unusually high lability. The substrate selectivity of BPDO was examined in vivo using resting cell assays performed with mixtures of selected polychlorinated biphenyls. The results indicated that para-substituted congeners were the preferred substrates. In vitro studies were carried out on a BPDO complex where the reductase from strain B4 we replaced by the more stable isoform from Comamonas testosteroni B-356. The BPDO enzyme had a specific activity of $0.26{\pm}0.02 {\mu}mol {min^-1}{mg^-1}\;of\;ISP_{BPH}$ with biphenyl as the substrate. The 2,3-, 4,4'-, and 2,4,4'-chlorobiphenyls were converted to single dihydrodiols, while 2,4'-dichlorobiphenyl gave rise to two dihydrodiols. The current data also indicated that 2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl was a better substrate than the 4,4'-dichlorinated congener.
Evaluation of a SPECT attenuation correction method using CT data registered with automatic registration software (2004)

In recent years, various SPECT attenuation correction systems using CT data have been developed. For attenuation correction of cerebral SPECT data in routine studies, the software method using CT and SPECT data registered with automatic registration software has been used much more than the hardware method using CT data acquired with combined SPECT/CT systems. In this work, the software-based method was compared with a method using TCT data acquired with a sequential SPECT/TCT scan with no subject motion as the golden standard. Attenuation corrected SPECT values using the registered CT data were compared to those using TCT data. Ten sets of normal volunteer data were acquired. The differences in attenuation corrected SPECT values between the SPECT-CT and SPECT-TCT methods were 1.4/spl plusmn/1.9% for the entire brain, and the maximum regional difference was 7.8% for both white and gray matter regions. Other regions within the brain where SPECT values were low (e.g., skull, ventricles) were excluded from evaluation. The results indicate that automatic registration software can register CT to SPECT data quite accurately and that a software-based attenuation correction method using CT data can correct attenuation accurately for cerebral data. Consequently, such a software-based attenuation correction method using CT data that requires no specialized hardware seems feasible for use in routine studies.
University of Toronto Institute for Optical Sciences collaborative program in optics (2015)

We describe the activities of the Institute for Optical Sciences (IOS) at the University of Toronto towards the establishment of a Master’s Program in Optics. The IOS was formed as a collaboration between faculty members interested in optics from the four departments of Physics, Chemistry, Electrical and Computer Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering. One of its goals is to serve as unifying entity for graduate and undergraduate programs in optical sciences. The details of the proposed graduate program will be discussed. It will be set up in the form of a collaborative university program, where students must satisfy the requirements of one of the four home departments, as well as a set of IOS-specific requirements of the program. IOS-specific activities include attending the Distinguished Visiting Scientist Series, participation in a best-research-practice mini-course, where essential research skills are discussed, as well as participation in an annual internal conference. The benefits of this interdisciplinary program, for students, faculty and relevant industries are discussed. The students will benefit from a wider exposure and a more coherent curriculum. The IOS will also serve as local community within the campus to which students could belong and network. Faculty, on the other hand, will benefit from a reduced teaching load, as redundancies among the departments will be removed.
Nursing Homes' Response to the Nursing Home Compare Report Card (2007)

These findings suggest that the Nursing Home Compare report card has the potential to positively affect nursing home quality.
Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) microwave radiometer radio-frequency interference (RFI) mitigation: Algorithm updates and performance assessment (2016)

The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission, launched January 31, 2015, provides global observations of 1.4 GHz Earth thermal emissions from space through its L-band radiometer. Although SMAP's radiometer passband lies within the protected 1.4-1.427 GHz band, both unauthorized in-band transmitters as well as out-of-band emissions from transmitters operating at frequencies adjacent to this allocated spectrum have been documented as sources of radio frequency interference (RFI) to the L-band radiometers on SMOS and Aquarius. Low level RFI (0.1-10 Kelvin) is especially problematic as it can be mistaken for natural variability and if left unmitigated can corrupt radiometer measurements leading to flawed retrievals. SMAP has an aggressive approach to RFI mitigation using an advanced digital microwave radiometer to provide time and frequency measurements as well as a comprehensive ground processing algorithm.
PREPARATION OF UC$sub 2$-ThC$sub 2$-GRAPHITE FUEL BODIES FOR THE GA-308-3 AND GA-308-4 HTGR CAPSULE IRRADIATIONS (1960)

The preparation of the fuel bodies for the GA-308-3 and GA-308-4 capsule irradiations is described. They are annular, dispersion type bodies of the kind being developed for the HTGR and consist of thorium-uranium carbide particles in a graphite matrix. A comparison of the capsule fuel bodies with the HTGR fuel bodies is given. Two sets of fuel bodies were prepared for the capsule irradiations. One set was made starting with solid solution thorium-uranium thorium-uranium- silicon alloy fuel (for GA-308-4). In each case the thorium and uranium were converted to the dicarbides in with during fuel-compact fabrication. In addition to the different types of fuel starting material, three different particle sizes of each fuel material were used to permit comparison of radiation damage and fuel migration as a function of particle size. These sizes were <50 mu , 110 to 250 mu , and 250 to 500 mu . (auth)
A novel autofluorescence-based selection of calli amenable to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in onion (Allium cepa L.) (2011)

Suppression of lachrymatory factor synthase (LFS) activity in onion (Allium cepa L.) is expected not only to reduce lachrymatory factor released from the disrupted tissues, but also to increase thiosulfinate and their derivatives associated with the characteristic flavor and various health effects. To test this hypothesis, we used transgenic methods to obtain non-lachrymatory onions in which the LFS gene was silenced by RNA interference (RNAi). In transformation experiments, we found that onion calli generated after preconditioning of the suspension-cultured calli on a solid medium were amenable to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. These calli were observed without or with low levels of yellowish autofluorescence under the fluorescence microscope, and were easily distinguished from the recalcitrant calli having a characteristic yellowish autofluorescence. The frequency of transient green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression significantly increased when these amenable calli were infected with Agrobacterium harboring the plasmid carrying a GFP expression cassette. Southern blot analysis of adaptor ligation PCR products revealed that 4 independent transgenic lines were obtained. The successful transfer of the RNAi construct was confirmed by using PCR. Analysis of the 4 transgenic lines confirmed that the levels of LFS gene transcript, LFS protein, and LFS enzyme activity were reduced to 3.2–11.0%, 0.09–20.7%, and 0.3–10.1%, respectively, of the wild-type control. The thiosulfinate assay suggested that a significant increase in thiosulfinate formation could be expected in the onion bulb extracts in which LFS enzyme activity was suppressed to approximately 1% or less than that of the wild-type control.