gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Herstellung von Hybrid-Aerogelen mit nichtlinearen optischen Eigenschaften (2005)

Das Ziel des Projektes ist es Hybrid-Aerogele mit nicht linearen optischen Eigenschaften herzustellen. Dazu dotiert man ferroelektrische Partikel (z.B. BaTiO3), welche eine mittlere Partikelgrösse von einigen Nano- bis Mikrometer besitzen, in Silica Aerogele. \n\nAerogele bestehen aus einem Netzwerk von Poren, welche einen Durchmesser von wenigen Nanometern besitzen. Sie werden Mittels eines Sol-Gel Verfahrens hergestellt. \nAerogele sind in einem Wellenlängenbereich von 400-2200 nm transparent. Sie haben die Eigenschaft sehr gute Wärmeisolatoren zu sein.\nDie Herstellung besteht aus zwei Schritten. Der erste Schritt ist es nasse Gele herzustellen. Im zweiten Schritt werden diese Gele überkritisch getrocknet, da ansonsten die Poren Struktur auf Grund der Kapillarkräfte zerstört wird.\n\nFerroelektrische Partikel sind eine wichtige und interessante Klasse von Materialien, welche auch ohne elektrisches Feld ein elektrisches Dipolmoment aufweisen. Diese Materialien sind stark von frequenzabhängigen elektrischen Feldern beeinflusst.\n\nMessungen haben ergeben, dass man mit den hergestellten Materialien (Aerogele dotiert mit ferroelektrischen Partikeln) Frequenzverdopplung (Second Harmonic Generation, SHG) erzeugen kann. Der Wirkungsgrad des Effektes hängt stark von der Partikel Grösse, sowie von der eindotierten Menge des Pulvers ab, ist aber grösser als bei herkömmlichen Einkristallen, welche bisher Anwendungen gefunden haben.\n
Composition of fossil manganese nodules from Costa Rica (1992)

Horizons of several types of Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous manganese nodules occur locally in sequences of radiolarian cherts within the Nicoya Ophiolite Complex (NW Costa Rica). Field studies, X-ray diffraction analysis, petrographic, chemical and experimental studies give evidence of a sedimentary, early diagenetic origin of the nodules, in contrast to earlier suggestions. Smooth, discoidal, compact and very dense nodules with diameters of some mm to 9 cm dominate. They are characterized by braunite, hollandite, pyrolusite and quartz as well as 39-61% Mn, 0.9-1.6% Fe, 5-26% SiO2, 1.3-1.9% Al2O3, 1.5-3.0% Ba, 460-5400 ppm Cu, 85-340 ppm Ni and 40-130 ppm Co, among others. It is suggested that the original mineralogy (todorokite?) was altered during thermometamorphic (braunite) and hydrothermal (hollandite. pyrolusite) events. Petrographic similarities between the fossil nodules and modern deep-sea nodules are striking. Using standard hydrothermal techniques in an experimental study it is shown that under special conditions, braunite can be produced from modern nodule material.
Behaviour of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with basalt textile reinforced concrete (2014)

Experimental investigations were carried out to determine the flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with basalt textile-reinforced concrete under monotonic and low-cycle fatigue load. Reinforced concrete beams strengthened with basalt textile-reinforced concrete were tested under four-point bending. The behaviour of the strengthened beam was compared with that of un-strengthened reinforced concrete beam. It is observed that there is an enhancement in energy absorption for reinforced concrete beams strengthened with basalt reinforced concrete even though there is no considerable increase in load carrying capacity. It is observed that when the strengthened beams are subjected to monotonic loading, the increase in ultimate load carrying capacity is marginal but the increase in ductility is 84.5% and the increase in energy absorption is 162% compared with un-strengthened beam. Reinforced concrete beams strengthened with basalt reinforced concrete were also tested under low-cycle fatigue load. It is observed that there is about 20% reduction in ultimate load carrying capacity and 27% reduction in ductility compared to monotonic case. But the cracking and failure patterns are similar in both the cases.
Bloch Modes Coupling in Photonic Crystal Waveguides (2005)

We investigate the properties of Bloch modes inside a photonic crystal waveguide. By using simultaneously a near field optical microscope and a transmittance setup, we demonstrate that Bloch modes having different parity are coupled.
Correlation between microstructures and mechanical properties in Ni-rich Ni–Mn–Ga high-temperature shape-memory alloys (2017)

Microstructures and mechanical properties of polycrystalline and single-crystalline Ni 55+ x Mn 25 Ga 20− x ( x = 1, 2, 3) alloys are investigated. The alloys exhibit a single martensite phase for x = 1, and two phases containing tetragonal martensite phase and face-centered γ phase for x = 2 and 3. The appearance of γ phase can apparently raise the strength and plasticity of the alloys. Moreover, single crystals show better mechanical properties compared with the polycrystals with the same composition. Furthermore, a kind of net-like γ phase is observed in directionally solidified Ni 58 Mn 25 Ga 17 single crystal. This alloy exhibits excellent plasticity due to that the crack propagation is seriously hindered by the plastic net-like γ phase.
Central Auditory Processing of Durational Changes in Complex Speech Patterns by Newborns: An Event-Related Brain Potential Study (2001)

In this study, newborns' ability to discriminate durational changes in the fricative /s/ within a nonsense word was investigated. The results showed that infrequent increments and decrements of a speech sound duration elicit a mismatch negativity kind of response in sleeping human newborns. In the auditory event-related potential to these deviant stimuli two negative waves of this response were revealed. The first negative wave peaked at about 150 msec and the second at about 350 msec after the change onset. At least one negative deflection, which was interpreted as evidence for stimulus change-detection, was observed in every infant.
PZT-Induced Lamb Waves and Pattern Recognition for On-Line Health Monitoring of Jointed Steel Plates (2006)

This paper presents a non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technique for detecting damages on a jointed steel plate on the basis of the time of flight and wavelet coefficient, obtained from wavelet transforms of Lamb wave signals. Probabilistic neural networks (PNNs) and support vector machines (SVMs) were applied for pattern classification. In this study, the applicability of the PNNs and SVMs was investigated for the damages in and out of the Lamb wave path. It has been found that the present methods are very efficient in detecting the damages simulated by the loose bolts on the jointed steel plate.
Piezoelectric sensor for acoustic wave detection in anisotropic systems (2009)

This paper describes a seismic wave sensor, its readout electronics and data acquisition system. The seismic sensor is based on piezoelectric materials, which show the ability of transforming mechanical into electrical signals. In particular, the present sensor is based on a piezoelectric polymer, poly(vinilidene fluoride) as its main characteristics made it suitable for detecting the amplitude and frequencies involved in seismic events. After a general background on seismic events, waves and piezoelectric materials, the main steps on the sensor design and fabrication, the data acquisition system and the first test results are presented.
<b>16-Methylated Steroids. IV. 6,16α-Dimethyl-▵<sup>6</sup>-Hydrocortisone and Related Compounds</b> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT16-Methylated Steroids. IV. 6,16α-Dimethyl-▵6-Hydrocortisone and Related CompoundsJ. H. Fried, H. Mrozik, G. E. Arth, T. S. Bry, N. G. Steinberg, M. Tishler, Ralph. Hirschmann, and S. L. SteelmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 2, 236–238Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00885a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00885a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views240Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fractures of the Digits and Metacarpals (2014)

Fractures of the digits and the metacarpals are common injuries in athletes. The majority of these can be treated nonoperatively with careful attention to alignment, rotation, and shortening. Those requiring operative fixation are usually amenable to either K-wire, interfragmentary screw, or plate fixation. Whichever treatment pathway is chosen, the goal should be to provide adequate stability for healing while attempting to maintain mobility of the joints and digits. Dedicated rehabilitation is essential to optimizing functional outcomes, patient satisfaction, and return to sport.
Exercise Overcomes Aging Associated Inhibition in Sympatholysis (2011)

Contracting skeletal muscle can overcome sympathetic vasoconstriction during sub-maximal exercise. In contrast, maximal whole-body exercise appears to cause selective sympathetic vasoconstriction as muscle blood flow is restricted despite an increase in blood pressure. Previous work has suggested that aging results in an inhibition of sympatholysis in response to pharmacologic agents, but it remains unknown if exercise can overcome this reported inhibition of sympatholysis and if physical activity can offset the reported age related loss in sympatholysis. Methods On two separate experimental days, we measured: 1) Leg hemodynamics during knee-extensor exercise and arterial infusion of ATP and ACH with and without co-infusion of Tyramine, and 2) leg and systemic hemodynamics during incremental one-legged cycling, two-legged cycling and combined arm and two-legged cycling in seven older trained (62±2 years, 73±3 kg, 42±3 ml/min/kg) and 8 older untrained (65±3 years, 80±4 kg, 24±1 ml/min/kg) subjects. Tyramine blunted the vasodilatory response to exercise and ATP in the untrained subjects, whereas it was maintained in the trained subjects. During exercise, leg blood flow was lower during two-legged cycling compared to one-legged cycling in both groups and the addition of arm-exercise inhibited the leg blood flow response further. However, the rate of rise in leg blood flow pr watt was lower in the untrained subjects in all trials. These studies demonstrate that exercise training overcomes the reported age-related attenuation in sympatholysis in response to both acute exercise and pharmacologic agents. They also demonstrate the impact of exercise training on the aging phenotype. Supported by the Augustinus foundation and by NIH RM-07-007
Accelerated ultraviolet radiation-induced carcinogenesis in hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor transgenic mice. (2000)

The dramatic rise in incidence of malignant melanoma experienced by populations both within the United States and throughout the world over the last several decades has been attributed to enhanced exposure to the UV spectrum of sunlight radiation. This hypothesis can now be tested using genetically engineered mouse models predisposed to malignant melanoma. Here we use melanoma-prone transgenic mice inappropriately expressing hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) in the skin as an experimental model system to ascertain the consequences of a chronic regimen of suberythemal UV radiation on melanoma genesis. HGF/SF is a multifunctional regulator capable of stimulating growth, motility, invasiveness, and morphogenetic transformation in cells, including melanocytes, expressing its receptor tyrosine kinase Met. HGF/SF transgenic mice demonstrate ectopic interfollicular localization and accumulation of melanocytes within the truncal dermis, epidermis, and junction and if untreated develop primary cutaneous melanoma with a mean onset age of approximately 21 months. Transgenic mice and their wild-type littermates subjected to UV radiation three times weekly using FS40 sunlamps (60% UVB and 40% UVA), with daily UV doses graded from 2.25 to 6.0 kJ/m2, developed skin tumors with a mean onset age of 26 and 37 weeks, respectively (P < 0.001, Kaplan-Meier log rank test). However, the repeated doses of suberythemal UV radiation used in this study failed to accelerate melanoma genesis, instead inducing the development of nonmelanoma tumors that included squamous cell carcinomas, squamous papillomas, and sarcomas. The conspicuous absence of melanocytic tumors occurred despite the immunohistochemical detection of a significant stimulation (P < 0.001) in melanocyte-specific bromodeoxyuridine incorporation in response to only 2 weeks of UV irradiation (total UV dose of 13.5 kJ/m2), resulting in 2.6- and 4.6-fold increases in the number of melanocytes in the dermis and epidermis, respectively. These data indicate that chronic suberythemal UV radiation preferentially favors the development of nonmelanocytic over melanocytic neoplasms in this transgenic animal, consistent with the pathogenesis proposed for sun exposure-associated skin cancer based on retrospective studies in the human population. Our findings suggest that the HGF/SF transgenic mouse will be useful as an experimental model for determining the consequences of exposure to various regimens of UV radiation and for elucidating the mechanisms by which such consequences are realized.
Immunologic Determination of Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin in Serum (1963)

An immunologic method of assay of HCG in serum has been developed using the hemagglutination inhibition reaction. Serum was treated with acetone and the HCG containing fraction was washed with absolute alcohol and ether. Immunologic assay of HCG in serum of 311 normal pregnant women revealed results comparable with those obtained by the various biological methods of assay both in the shape of the normal curve and in the actual concentration of the hormone measured in international units. In addition, the concentration of HCG in serum as compared with morning urine, both being assayed immunologically, has been found to be very similar. Finally, the rate of disappearance of the hormone from the serum as well as its presence in amniotic fluid in significant amounts has been determined.
GRASPING ACTUAL CONDITIONS OF WORKS EFFICIENTLY BY THE FIELD-WORK TECHNIQUE (2009)

We tried to grasp the actual conditions of ward nursing works perceived as much complicated ones among medical works using our proposed field-work technique which is a compactified qualitative research approach. In order to improve the efficiency of the investigation on the specialized works of ward nursing, the concerned professional knowledge was introduced by adding a nurse in the investigators. Comparing the task categorization constructed from the viewpoint of the group with a nurse to that of the engineer group without the experience of medical engagement, we could evaluate the difference in the work process of assigning the task-labels for the collected data. As a result, there found clear distinction both on the number and the content of extracted tasks between the two groups against all works for staff, coordinator, and head nurse. Introducing the concerned professional knowledge into the sequence of the field-work made it possible to save time and labor efficiently and to guarantee the quality of the result. From these findings, the proposed field-work technique by the compactified qualitative research approach is conceived as an effective method corresponding with “human centered design process” by ISO for the sake of improving the usability of large, complex and diverse systems.
Dynamics Behavior of Tether Retrieval in Tether Sampling for Deep Space Minor-body Exploration Mission (2007)

In this paper, dynamics behavior of tether ejecting and tether retrieving with a reel mechanism in a tethered sampling method is discussed. The tethered sampling method has been proposed by the authors as a candidate soil sample collection method of minorbody. The method consists of three phases: (1) shooting a corer together with a tether, (2) inserting the corer into a surface and collecting soil in the corer, (3) pulling back and retrieving the corer with the tether. This paper mainly deals with dynamics of the tether and corer in the ejecting and the recovery phases, and numerical simulations and fundamental experiments of the tether dynamics are conducted using a tether control mechanism. The tether mechanism can control the tether tension and measure the tether length and velocity. The results show the feasibility of the proposed tethered sampling method.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Ethyl 7‐Methoxy‐4‐oxocinnoline‐3‐carboxylate. (1986)

Abstract Die im Titel genannte Verbindung (III) wird ausgehend vom Aminoacetophenon (I) über das Triazen (II) hergestellt.
Comparison of Sufentanil-O2 and Fentanyl-O2 for Coronary Artery Surgery (1982)

Departments of Anesthesiology, University of Utah School of Medicine and University of Leiden, Salt Lake City, Utah and Leiden, Holland
Study on micro-patterning process of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) (2015)

Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) have drawn significant attention by the researchers because of their nanometric size and favorable material properties. Patterning of CNT forests in the micrometric domain is very important for their application in the area of microelectromechanical system (MEMS). For the first time this paper reports, detailed experimental investigation on a post growth μ-patterning process of VACNT forests. The micromechanical bending (M2B) process was locally applied at the targeted area in order to change the alignment of VACNT forests. Interestingly, the VACNT forest was transformed from typical black body absorber to reflective mirror as the M2B process was applied. Several parameters were identified that govern the resultant patterns such as rotational spindle speed, lateral bending speed, step size, tool morphology, and total depth of bend. Optimization of the parameters was carried out experimentally to obtain the best surface roughness and integrity of the microstructure. A minimum average surface roughness of Ra = 15 nm was achieved with 2000 rpm spindle speed, 1 mm/min bending speed and 1 µm step size.
Are ectomycorrhizal fungi alleviating or aggravating nitrogen limitation of tree growth in boreal forests? (2013)

Symbioses between plant roots and mycorrhizal fungi are thought to enhance plant uptake of nutrients through a favourable exchange for photosynthates. Ectomycorrhizal fungi are considered to play this vital role for trees in nitrogen (N)-limited boreal forests. We followed symbiotic carbon (C)-N exchange in a large-scale boreal pine forest experiment by tracing (13) CO(2) absorbed through tree photosynthesis and (15) N injected into a soil layer in which ectomycorrhizal fungi dominate the microbial community. We detected little (15) N in tree canopies, but high levels in soil microbes and in mycorrhizal root tips, illustrating effective soil N immobilization, especially in late summer, when tree belowground C allocation was high. Additions of N fertilizer to the soil before labelling shifted the incorporation of (15) N from soil microbes and root tips to tree foliage. These results were tested in a model for C-N exchange between trees and mycorrhizal fungi, suggesting that ectomycorrhizal fungi transfer small fractions of absorbed N to trees under N-limited conditions, but larger fractions if more N is available. We suggest that greater allocation of C from trees to ectomycorrhizal fungi increases N retention in soil mycelium, driving boreal forests towards more severe N limitation at low N supply.
AMPA/kainate and group-I metabotropic receptor antagonists infused into different brain areas impair memory formation of inhibitory avoidance in rats (2003)

Several lines of evidence suggest that glutamate receptors are involved in memory processing. To examine the role of non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (non-NMDA) glutamate receptors on memory consolidation, rats were bilaterally implanted with cannulae aimed at the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus (CA1), entorhinal cortex (ENTO), posterior parietal cortex (PPC) or the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA), and trained in a one-trial step-down inhibitory avoidance task. At different times after training, the alpha-amino 3-hydroxy-5 methyl 4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptor blocker, 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) (1.0 microg/side), or the metabotropic type-I receptor antagonist, 2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid (AP3) (1.0 microg/side), were infused into the above-mentioned structures. CNQX produced retrograde amnesia when infused into BLA or CA1 0, 30, 90 or 180 min post-training but not at later times. AP3 blocked memory consolidation when administered into CA1 0, 30 or 180 min post-training, while in BLA, it was amnestic only when given 0 or 30 min after the training session. CNQX and AP3 had no effect on memory when administered into ENTO or PPC at any time. Our data suggest that the consolidation of the avoidance memory requires intact non-NMDA receptor function in the hippocampus and the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala, but not necessarily in the entorhinal and parietal cortex, for long periods after training.