gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insuring Environmental Cleanup: Triggering Coverage for Environmental Property Damage under the Terms of a Comprehensive General Liability Insurance Policy (1992)

This article examines the legal issues involved in the determination of insurer liability for environmental property damage and cleanup costs under the terms of a comprehensive general liability (CGL) policy and focuses on a significant question in environmental coverage disputes: When is coverage for environmental damage triggered under the terms of a CGL policy? To that end, the first section reviews statutory and common law principles under which liability for environmental property damage may be imposed on corporate polluters. The next section discusses the standard comprehensive general liability policy by reviewing the history of that policy and the language of the standard CGL policy. Section III of the article focuses on the meaning of an "occurrence" in the language of a standard policy, and examines the significance of four "triggers" of coverage developed by the courts in order to define the time of an "occurrence" for purposes of policy coverage: "exposure"; "injury in fact"; "manifestation" and the "triple or continuous trigger." The final section of the article discusses the courts' use of traditional techniques of statutory construction to achieve perceived public policy benefits in insurance environmental liability cases and suggests that the consequences of that approach have created an environment of uncertainty that has led to increased litigation and decreased availability of environmental liability insurance. If we are to proceed with the business of cleaning up the nation's hazardous waste sites, incentives to minimize rather than maximize insurer/insured litigation must be developed so that the funds expended on Superfund costs can be applied toward the costs of cleanup rather than on transaction costs associated with litigation.
Learning as partners: realising the potential of work-based learning (2000)

Abstract In the twenty-first century, knowledge-based economies require planned management of knowledge and, therefore, partnerships between the world of work and education will take on qualitatively different emphases. The United Kingdom Government has recognised this through various initiatives including the new Foundation degree. The authors place the concept of educational partnership at the heart of work-based learning, but as both the driver and the definer, rather than as a taken-for-granted assumption. Quality partnerships are seen as an important dimension in the development of learning organisations and of lifelong learning in higher education (HE). The article discusses the concept of quality in partnership, and considers educational principles and criteria that are important in identifying successful work-based learning as opposed to work-based learning per se. Quality work-based partnerships increase ‘value added’ and are therefore important in shifting the predominant culture in business, fr...
A digital neuron-type processor and its VLSI design (1989)

A set of neuron-type circuits elements based on logic gate circuits with multi-input multifan output capability is described. Three types of elements are introduced, one called the cell body with its dendritic inputs and synaptic junction, another representing the axon base, and the axon circuit. These three elements are cascaded to form a neuron-type processing element. The circuit performs input temporal and spatial summation as well as thresholding. The entire neuron circuit is simulated and a design is given using VSLI techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Water–mineral interaction in hygromechanics of clays exposed to environmental loads: a mixture-theory approach (1992)

Water–mineral interaction in narrow interstices (<30 Å (1 Å = 0.1 nm)) in dense, saturated clays is discussed in view of recent experimental findings and molecular dynamics simulations. Consequences to the macroscopic behavior are considered. A mixture theory for two interacting constituents is developed. Effects of temperature and chemicals are discussed. A postulate of mass transfer of adsorbed water from solid to fluid fraction caused by thermal or chemical load is then discussed. Theory of plasticity of clays affected by heat or chemicals is developed to deal with the effects of thermal and chemical consolidation. Key words : hydraulic conductivity, effective stress, environmental loads, thermo-chemo-plasticity.
Isolation of a novel oncogene, NET1, from neuroepithelioma cells by expression cDNA cloning. (1996)

We generated a cDNA expression library from a human neuroepithelioma cell line for detection of novel oncogenes by focus formation assay in NIH3T3 cells. A morphologically unique focus was identified upon transfection and the transforming plasmid was isolated. The transforming gene, designated NET1, encoded a predicted protein species of 54 kDa containing the Dbl-Homology (DH) motif. This motif is also present in other growth regulatory molecules including Bcr, Cdc24, Vav, Ras-Grf, Ect2, Ost, Tim and Tiam1, which have been implicated as regulators of small GTP-binding proteins. NIH3T3 cells transfected with NET1 expression plasmid showed altered growth properties in vitro and were tumorigenic when injected into nude mice. In addition, a 2.5 kb cDNA was isolated from a normal human cDNA library which represented the NET1 proto-oncogene contained a 5' extended open reading frame. The fact that the proto-oncogene failed to induce transformation in NIH3T3 cells suggested that the original NET1 oncogene was activated by 5'-truncation. The 3.0 and 2.4 kilobasepair (kb) transcripts of the NET1 gene was ubiquitously expressed in all tissues examined. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization, we localized the NET1 gene to the short arm of human chromosome 10 at band p15.
Proteomics and lung cancer (2009)

Nowdays,malignant tumor is the most harmful disease for human health and the live in the world. During its neoplastic developing, expression of protein changes. The changes have been detected in the cell or tissue by proteomies technology, and a plenty of tumor-specific proteins have been identified, which may play a vital role in the early detection of lung cancer, anticaneer therapy and drug exploition. 

Key words: 
Proteomics;  Lung neoplasm;  Prognosis;  Therapy
Predistortion as an effective technique for linearisation of basestation amplifiers in a mobile radio cellular system (2002)

Linearisation of a radio basestation amplifier using a third order and a fifth order predistortion scheme is studied. Adaptive predistortion using a third order predistorter improved the amplifiers intermodulation distortion by between 6.5 dB and 30 dB as measured by a two-tone test. The variation in improvement is due to changes in the input power level. The improvement increases as the input power is backed off from the 1 dB compression point. A fifth order predistorter will give an IMD improvement of between 9 dB and 48 dB if properly adjusted. For a nine-tone test (with uniformly distributed random phase), a fifth order predistorter, if properly adapted will give an IMD improvement of between 8.5 dB and 40 dB from the worst IMD level, provided by the raw nonlinear amplifier.
Key frame selection to represent a video (2000)

This paper describes a technique to automatically extract a single key frame from a video sequence. The technique is designed for a system to search video on the World Wide Web. For each video returned by a query, a thumbnail image that illustrates its content is displayed to summarize the results. The proposed technique is composed of three steps. Shot boundaries detection, shot selection, and key frame extraction within the selected shot. The shot and key frame are selected based on measures of motion and spatial activity and the likeliness to include people. The latter is determined by skin-color detection and face detection. Simulation results on a large set of video from the Internet, including movie trailers, sports, news, and animation, show the efficiency of the method. Furthermore, this is achieved at a very low complexity cost.
A state of the art survey - Impact of cyber attacks on SME's (2017)

Corporations and end users are finding it hard to keep their devices safe from the ever evolving and complicated threat of cyber attacks. Currently, with the widespread adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT), cyber threat is becoming an even greater challenge for both technology providers and consumers. This paper presents a review of the recent and significant cyber security issues affecting many areas of digital technology. From IoT devices and smart automobiles to commonly used computers and typical corporate servers, we focus our analysis on current attack trends and the effects of intrusion on Small and Medium sized Enterprises(SMEs). This paper helps to build awareness among non-technical experts, practitioners and researchers about attack and defense strategies in the current digital market. We have created a guide with input from our in-house security researchers and information gathered from the literature to help the reader understand the challenges faced by the IT industry in the future.
Estimation of Saturated Soil Paste Salinity From Soil-Water Extracts (2017)

It is essential to estimate soil salinity with an effective and easy-to-use method. Many laboratories determine soil salinity using a measurement of electrical conductivity (EC) with 1:2.5 or 1:5 soil-water extracts (EC1:2.5, EC1:5) because it is a simpler procedure than the standard saturated paste extract (ECe). Because interpretations of crop tolerance and remediation of salinity are based on values derived from ECe, it is necessary to convert EC1:2.5 or EC1:5 to ECe in order to evaluate plant response and plan management activities. The objectives of this study were to develop and validate models to predict ECe from EC1:2.5 and EC1:5 for important agricultural soils in northern Egypt and to test the transferability of these and similar models developed from other soils. One hundred twenty-six soil samples were collected, of which 105 were used to develop models, and 21 were used to validate the models. Saturated pastes and soil-water extracts were prepared and analyzed for EC. Linear regression models were developed for the two methods. The results demonstrated that ECe was highly correlated (R2 > 0.92, P < 0.001) with EC1:2.5 and EC1:5. An independent validation set of 21 samples showed that the slopes of the regressions between predicted ECe from both EC1:2.5 and EC1:5 measurements and direct ECe measurements were close to 1.0, suggesting that the developed models can reliably assess salinity in soils using either EC1:2.5 or EC1:5 in place of the more expensive and time-consuming saturated paste extraction.
Ionic liquids as reaction media for polymerization processes: atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of acrylates in ionic liquids (2003)

Abstract Application of ionic liquids (organic salts that are liquid at ambient temperatures) as solvents for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of acrylic monomers is described. Ionic liquids dissolve several inorganic and organic compounds, are highly polar and non‐volatile. It has been shown that their application as solvents in ATRP of acrylates allows the reduction of side‐reactions when compared against bulk polymerizations. When chiral ionic liquid was used as a solvent a small but clear effect on polymer tacticity was observed. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
New insight into the application of outer membrane vesicles of Gram-negative bacteria (2015)

This review presents a brief outline of our current knowledge of the structure and chemical composition of the outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), originating from the surface of Gram negative bacteria including their outer membrane proteins and lipopolysaccharides. Moreover, the functional roles and applications of OMVs in medical research such as OMV-based vaccines, OMV adjuvants properties, OMV carriers in conjugated vaccines as well as in drug vehicles and delivery systems are discussed. Finally, new applications of these macromolecules as biotechnological tools are briefly presented.
Assessment and Students with Disabilities: Issues and Challenges with Educational Reform (2006)

The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act seeks to correct achievement gaps that are most prevalent among students in specific subgroups including those with disabilities, linguistic and cultural diversity, and representing economic disadvantage. The reauthorization of federal special education legislation through the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA) has moved to align the accountability for learners with disabilities with the guiding principles of NCLB. This paper examines the challenges of adequately assessing these learners in a manner that preserves the individualized nature of educational supports and services while focusing on the desired learning and results that are expected by education policy through accountability mandates. In this lens of increased scrutiny for results accountability, the issues of eligibility for services, summary of performance, and transition services are analyzed and aligned with these policy expectations with particular consideration given to rural impact. The emerging focus on early intervening services and assessing learners identified as at risk for school failure promotes practices that are aligned with academic and behavioral success for all learners. A summary of recommendations is provided on assessment related factors for rural school teachers and administrators.
Characterization Of Water Quality Criteria for Ozonation Processes. Part II: Lifetime of Added Ozone (1994)

The lifetime value of ozone in a water is one of the key parameter for describing the characteristics of a water considering an ozonation process and for planning, optimizing, and steadily adapting the ozonation process. This lifetime is highly sensitive with respect to the chemical composition of the water. Interferences of different radical-type chain reactions make it difficult to predict it solely from analytical characterizations. The waters with respect to the lifetime of ozone, therefore, have to be characterized by direct laboratory experiments. However, because the half-life times depend on the type of operation used for the measurement, it is appropriate to formulate corresponding standardized guidelines that allow comparison whenever the responses of different waters have to be compared, and whenever characterizations have to be followed during the decades during which a water utility applies a process.
The Mind Map Book: How to Use Radiant Thinking to Maximize Your Brain's Untapped Potential (1994)

Your brain is a super bio-computer that dwarfs any machine on the market. If you understand how it works and how to work with it, you can employ and enjoy astonishing powers of learning, memory, concentration, and creativity in planning and structuring thought on all levels. Now, in The Mind Map Book, Tony and Barry Buzan have provided a comprehensive operating manual for all who want to use their brains to their fullest potential. Mind Mapping and Radiant Thinking, the revolutionary new method of accessing heretofore untapped intelligences, was developed by world-famous brain-power expert Tony Buzan by analyzing original breakthrough scientific insights into the workings of the brain. It is a process currently used with extraordinary success by multinational corporations, leading universities, champion athletes, and outstanding artists. The Mind Map Book is the only book that both explains the fundamental operation of the brain in terms of its thinking processes and explains how to unleash and harness its power. This remarkable book clearly and concisely describes how your brain actually stores and processes all the information that pours into it. Then, with the aid of vivid diagrams and exciting, easy-to-follow exercises, it shows you precisely how to mirror and magnify your brain's pattern of perception and association in the way you learn, think, and create...and have it serve as the tool you need to succeed in business as well as in school, in the studio, in sports, in your love life and other relationships; quickly master the right way to take notes, organize a speech, a writing assignment, a report; and join with others to pool thinking productively, memorize a mammoth amount ofdata, free your ideas to grow and expand constantly in depth and dimension. On another level, you will see how the great thinkers, scientists, and artists of the past and present have utilized the principles of Mind Mapping and Radiant Thinking. Included, too, are fascinating cas
[Review of] Cheryl Lynn Greenberg. "Or Does it Explode?" Black Harlem in the Great Depression (1992)

Or Does it Explode? is a meticulously researched study of the social, economic, and political status of Harlem from the 1920s to the 1940s, with a major emphasis on the Depression years.
Synthesis of benzoxazole-2-ones, benzothiazole-2-ones and their 2-thione derivatives : Efficient conversion of 2-thione to 2-oxo derivatives (2007)

A highly practical procedure for preparing benzoxazole-2-ones, benzothiazole-2-ones and its 2-thione derivatives using ethylchloroformate and carbon disulfide and the corresponding aminophenols and aminothiophenols as the starting materials in one-pot protocol is presented. The yields vary from good to excellent, the conditions are mild, and the use of toxic and harmful chemicals is avoided. An efficient conversion of benzoxazole-2-thione to 2-one derivative in high yield has also been carried out.
Minimum Feedback Arc and Vertex Sets of a Directed Graph (1966)

To determine a minimum set of arcs of an arbitrary directed graph which, if removed, leave the graph without directed circuits, is an outstanding problem in graph theory. A related problem is that of finding a minimum set of vertices which, if removed together with their incident arcs, leave the graph with no directed circuits. A closed form solution of both problems is presented. The determination of those minimum sets for a graph with n vertices involves the expansion of an n-th order permanent and some algebraic manipulations of the resultant expression, subject to the absorption laws of Boolean algebra. The proposed procedure renders all possible solutions simultaneously.
Vegetation-Atmosphere Partitioning of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVegetation-Atmosphere Partitioning of Polycyclic Aromatic HydrocarbonsStaci L. Simonich and Ronald A. HitesCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1994, 28, 5, 939–943Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00054a028https://doi.org/10.1021/es00054a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1105Altmetric-Citations311LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Ribosomal Proteins in the Spotlight (2005)

The assignment of specific ribosomal functions to individual ribosomal proteins is difficult due to the enormous cooperativity of the ribosome; however, important roles for distinct ribosomal proteins are becoming evident. Although rRNA has a major role in certain aspects of ribosomal function, such as decoding and peptidyl-transferase activity, ribosomal proteins are nevertheless essential for the assembly and optimal functioning of the ribosome. This is particularly true in the context of interactions at the entrance pore for mRNA, for the translation-factor binding site and at the tunnel exit, where both chaperones and complexes associated with protein transport through membranes bind.
Design and implementation of high efficiency Wireless Power Transfer system for on-board charger of Electric Vehicle (2016)

In this paper, a high efficiency Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) system for the on-board charger of Electric Vehicle (EV) is proposed and implemented. The analysis of the proposed system based on the Thevenin equivalent circuit model to come up with a suitable design for the battery charge application is presented. The proposed Wireless Power Transfer method has adopted four-coil system with air core and its superior performance is proved by comparing it to the conventional two-coil system. In addition, since the proposed WPT converter is able to operate at an almost constant frequency regardless of the load, CC/CV charge of the battery can be simply implemented. A 6.6kW prototype is implemented with 200 mm air gap to prove the validity of the proposed method. The prototype was built and tested to verify the performance of constant current and constant voltage (CC/CV) charge. The experimental results show that the maximum efficiency of the proposed system is 97.08 % at 3.7 kW output power in the CV mode charge.
Inference of historical migration rates via haplotype sharing (2013)

Abstract Summary: Pairs of individuals from a study cohort will often share long-range haplotypes identical-by-descent. Such haplotypes are transmitted from common ancestors that lived tens to hundreds of generations in the past, and they can now be efficiently detected in high-resolution genomic datasets, providing a novel source of information in several domains of genetic analysis. Recently, haplotype sharing distributions were studied in the context of demographic inference, and they were used to reconstruct recent demographic events in several populations. We here extend the framework to handle demographic models that contain multiple demes interacting through migration. We extensively test our formulation in several demographic scenarios, compare our approach with methods based on ancestry deconvolution and use this method to analyze Masai samples from the HapMap 3 dataset. Availability: DoRIS, a Java implementation of the proposed method, and its source code are freely available at http://www.cs.columbia.edu/∼pier/doris. Contact: itsik@cs.columbia.edu
A programmable turbo decoder for multiple 3G wireless standards (2003)

A programmable turbo decoder is designed for multiple 3G wireless standards, which mainly consists of a configurable SISO decoder and a 16 b SIMD processor equipped with 5 processing elements and custom instructions for incremental block interleavers. The decoder occupies 8.90 mm/sup 2/ in 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS with 5 metal layers, and exhibits a maximum decoding rate of 5.48 Mb/s.
ChemInform Abstract: Five‐Membered 2,3‐Dioxoheterocycles. Part 8. Reaction of 1‐Aryl‐4‐aroyl‐5‐methoxycarbonyl‐2,3‐dihydropyrrole‐2,3‐diones with Secondary Aliphatic Amines. (1989)

Abstract The reaction between the title compounds (I) and the secondary alicyclic or acyclic amines (II) affords mixtures of the ring cleaved products (III) (10 derivatives in the original paper) as the main components and minor amounts of the 5‐dialkylamino derivatives (IV).