gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Question answering with the RoboTutor Nao (2017)

This thesis project worked towards extending the interactive capabilities of the RoboTutor Nao, by enabling it to answers natural language questions about topics such as computers, robots and the Nao itself. The main questions we focused on were 1) what a system for answering questions in Dutch and intended for elementary school age children should look like, 2) how the interaction with users should be structured for a smooth interaction and 3) what type of experimental studies and metrics are best for evaluating the quality of the QA system and assess its impact on users. We chose an existing English-language QA system and adapted it to work with Dutch content. An interaction manager was developed for handling the interaction between the system and users. Finally, the system was configured so that it could be interacted with via the Nao robot. The system was then evaluated via two experimental studies. First a quantitative evaluation without users was carried out, evaluating the performance of the system using a collection of test questions. Secondly, a field study with users was done. We took the robot to a day care center where children could ask it questions and assessed the effects of these interactive Q\\&amp;A sessions. Results from the quantitative evaluation highlighted slow answering times as the main shortcoming, while recall (70%) and precision (50%) scores were more competitive. The field study showed that even though the occasional repetitiveness and lack of speed were picked up on by users, this did little to curb their enthusiasm. Interaction was smooth, users were interested in many topics the system supported and they continued interacting with it despite the occasional mishap. Overall, the results indicate that, with some speedup, the delivered QA system would be a suitable choice for answering questions about the mentioned topics.
Risk of Fatal and Nonfatal Lactic Acidosis With Metformin Use in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2003)

There is no evidence to date that metformin therapy is associated with an increased risk of lactic acidosis or with increased levels of lactate compared with other antihyperglycemic treatments if the drugs are prescribed under study conditions, taking into account contraindications.
A unique cell population in the mouse olfactory bulb displays nuclear β‐catenin signaling during development and olfactory sensory neuron regeneration (2008)

Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in the nose form precise connections with neurons in the brain. However, mechanisms that account for the formation of such precise neuronal connections are incompletely understood. Recent studies implicate the function of Wnt growth factors in the formation of neuronal connections. To assess the role of Wnt signaling in the olfactory system, we examined the expression of beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) in the TOPGAL mouse, a transgenic strain in which beta-gal expression reports the activation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. In the olfactory epithelium, no beta-gal expression was observed at any developmental stages. In the olfactory bulb (OB), beta-gal expression was observed in a population of cells located at the interface of the olfactory nerve layer and the glomerular layer. The beta-gal expression was developmentally regulated with the peak expression occurring at late embryonic and early postnatal stages and a greatly reduced expression in adulthood. Further, forced OSN regeneration and subsequent reinnervation of the OB led to a reactivation of beta-gal expression in mature animals. The temporal coincidence between the peak of beta-gal expression and formation of OSN connections, together with the spatial localization of these cells, suggests a potential role of these cells and canonical Wnt signaling in the formation of OSN connections in the OB during development and regeneration.
2-(2-Hydroxy-5-n-hexyphenyl)-8-quinolinol-4-carboxylic acid and its related coumpounds - anticancer and other biological activities. (1975)

2-(2-Hydroxy-5-n-hexylphenyl)-8-quinolinol-4-carboxylic acid (HQ II), as an analogue of 2-(2-hydroxyphenyliminomethyl)-4-n-hexylphenol (HP) which exhibits anticancer activity, was prepared by the method of Doebner synthesis. HQ II, having the ability to form metal complexes with several metallic ions as well as HP, inhibited prominently the growth of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and ascites hepatoma AH 13 in animals. However, it was not effective against L1210, solid tumors of both Sarcoma 180 and Ehrlich carcinoma and Yoshida sarcoma. From the results of preliminary examinations which were carried out to obtain some information concerning the mode of action of HQ II on cancer cells, it was suggested that the cell membrane injury and the inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis might be contributable to the HQ II effect on the susceptive cancer cells.
Dietary vanadyl(IV) sulfate inhibits chemically-induced mammary carcinogenesis (1984)

The induction of murine mammary carcinogenesis by 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea was blocked by the feeding of a purified diet formulation supplemented with 25 p.p.m. vanadium as vanadyl(IV) sulfate during the post initiation stages of the neoplastic process. Treatment with vanadyl(IV) sulfate reduced both cancer incidence and the average number of cancers per rat and prolonged the median cancer-free time without inhibiting the overall growth of the animals. Vanadyl(IV) sulfate appears to be an effective non-toxic agent for the chemoprevention of experimental breast cancer in the rat.
Comparative Performance of SVD and Adaptive Cosine Transform in Coding Images (1979)

An adaptive coding for singular value decomposition (SVD) samples is described in order to reduce the amount of transmitted data for monochrome images. This method is compared to the discrete cosine transform in terms of mean square error. Low bit rates, as 0.8 bits/pixel, are attempted with a good visual quality and low RMS error (0.087%). The visual and mathematical results of the transmission errors are shown and given.
Discordant phenylketonuria phenotypes in one family: the relationship between genotype and clinical outcome is a function of multiple effects. (1995)

Four members spanning three generations of one family have phenylketonuria of varying degrees of severity. Two first cousins were screened in the neonatal period and have had dietary phenylalanine restriction since diagnosis, the older patient having been classified as having more severe PKU and the younger one as having mild PKU. Their mutual grandfather and his older brother also have a significant hyperphenylalaninaemia and are of normal intelligence despite never having had restricted phenylalanine intake. Mutation analysis of the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene has established that there are four different mutations, two in exon 2 (F39L and L48S) and two in exon 3 (R111X and S67P), which give rise to PKU in this family. In order to establish their relative severity, we screened the PKU populations of western Scotland and the south west of England for these mutations. The exon 3 mutations are rare; however, F39L is relatively common in Scotland and L48S in England. A comparison of diagnostic blood phenylalanine concentrations in subjects carrying L48S/null or F39L/null mutations with those carrying two null mutations suggest that these exon 2 mutations are less deleterious. Thus, in this family, the different biochemical phenotypes can be explained, in part, by different genotypes at the PAH locus but our results show that the relationship between genotype and clinical outcome is more complex and is a function of multiple effects.
Statistical Properties of a Sine Wave Plus Random Noise (1948)

In Some technical problems we are concerned with a current which consists of a sinusoidal component plus a random noise component. A number of statistical properties of such a current are given here. The present paper may be regarded as an extension of Section 3.10 of an earlier paper, <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> “Mathematical Analysis of Random Noise”, where some of the simpler properties of a sine wave plus random noise are discussed.
Reducing risk in long deep tunnels by using TBM and drill-and-blast methods in the same project–the hybrid solution (2012)

There are many examples of TBM tunnels through mountains, or in mountainous terrain, which have suffered the ultimate fate of abandonment, due to insufficient pre-investigation. Depth-of-drilling limitations are inevitable when depths approach or even exceed 1 or 2 km. Uncertainties about the geology, hydro-geology, rock stresses and rock strengths go hand-in-hand with deep or ultra-deep tunnels. Unfortunately, unexpected conditions tend to have a much bigger impact on TBM projects than on drill-and-blast projects. There are two obvious reasons. Firstly the circular excavation maximizes the tangential stress, making the relation to rock strength a higher source of potential risk. Secondly, the TBM may have been progressing fast enough to make probe-drilling seem to be unnecessary. If the stress-to-strength ratio becomes too high, or if faulted rock with high water pressure is unexpectedly encountered, the “unexpected events” may have a remarkable delaying effect on TBM. A simple equation explains this phenomenon, via the adverse local Q-value that links directly to utilization. One may witness dramatic reductions in utilization, meaning ultra-steep deceleration-of-the-TBM gradients in a log-log plot of advance rate versus time. Some delays can be avoided or reduced with new TBM designs, where belief in the need for probe-drilling and sometimes also pre-injection, have been fully appreciated. Drill-and-blast tunneling, inevitably involving numerous “probe-holes” prior to each advance, should be used instead, if investigations have been too limited. TBM should be used where there is lower cover and where more is known about the rock and structural conditions. The advantages of the superior speed of TBM may then be fully realized. Choosing TBM because a tunnel is very long increases risk due to the law of deceleration with increased length, especially if there is limited pre-investigation because of tunnel depth.
Real World Software Configuration Management (2003)

Designed for use Visual Studio .NET/6.0, Visual SourceSafe 6.0c, and CVS 1.11, Real World Software Configuration Management provides an extensive overview on software configuration and development, ac
Crystal Structure of Gadolinium Orthoferrite, GdFeO3 (1956)

The crystal structure of gadolinium orthoferrite, GdFeO3, has been determined from single-crystal x-ray data. There are four GdFeO3 distorted perovskite units in the orthorhombic cell with lattice constants a=5.346, b=5.616, c=7.668, all ±0.004 A. The structure is solved on the basis that the most probable space group is D2h(16)— Pbnm. However, although the atomic coordinates lead to very good agreement between calculated and observed reflection amplitudes, there are at least very slight deviations from the centrosymmetric space group because the iron sublattices are imperfectly antiferromagnetic.
Type Systems for the Relational Verification of Higher Order Programs (Invited Talk) (2017)

Relational program verification is a variant of program verification where one focuses on guaranteeing properties about the executions of two programs, and as a special case about two executions of a single program on different inputs. Relational verification becomes particularly interesting when non-functional aspects of a computation, like probabilities or resource cost, are considered. Several approached to relational program verification have been developed, from relational program logics to relational abstract interpretation. In this talk, I will introduce two approaches to relational program verification for higher-order computations based on the use of type systems. The first approach consists in developing powerful type system where a rich language of assertions can be used to express complex relations between two programs. The second approach consists in developing more restrictive type systems enriched with effects expressing in a lightweight way relations between different runs of the same program. I will discuss the pros and cons of these two approaches on a concrete example: relational cost analysis, which aims at giving a bound on the difference in cost of running two programs, and as a special case the difference in cost of two executions of a single program on different inputs.
Knoevenagel reactions with β-oxo acids. Regiospecific enol equivalents for syntheses of α,β-unsaturated ketones and of some β-ketols (1986)

3-Oxobutanoic acid reacts with aliphatic aldehydes in the presence of pyridine to give α,β-unsaturated methyl ketones in good yields. Analogous results were obtained with a series of other β-oxo acids. Synthesis of (E)-7-methyloct-4-en-3-one, a major constituent of the marine sponge Plakortis zygompha, has been carried out using this methodology. Aromatic aldehydes are generally less reactive under these conditions but give β-ketols when the phenyl ring bears an electron-withdrawing substituent. Some observations on the mechanism of the reaction between 3-oxobutanoic acid and benzaldehyde are presented.
<i>In vitro</i> inhibition of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> urease: biochemical and ultrastructural analysis (1991)

Inhibition of H. pylori urease was studied by means of electron-microscopy and electrophoretic methods using different urease inhibitors, such as acetohydroxamic-acid (AHA), L-ascorbic acid (AsA), copper ions, a combination of L-ascorbic acid with copper ions and UV light. AHA in two different concentrations and AsA at a concentration of 0.1 mg ml-1 showed incomplete inhibition of H. pylori urease activity in our electrophoretic experiments. Only membrane-bound activity was inhibited with AHA but not the activity localized within the cytoplasma as demonstrated by electron-microscopy. AsA at a concentration of 0.5 mg ml-1 and the combination of copper ions (1 microgram ml-1) with AsA completely inhibited the urease activity as demonstrated by electron-microscopy and electrophoretic experiments. Cu2+ ions in high concentrations (100 micrograms ml-1) and UV light exposure for more than 4 h induced a complete disintegration of H. pylori. Electrophoresis showed no active protein after UV light exposure of 2 h. Different urease inhibitors tested in this study showed dose-dependent inhibitory effects on H. pylori urease in vitro.
Expression of Growth Factors and Growth Factor Receptors in Normal and Tumorous Human Thyroid Tissues (1995)

A number of growth factors have been implicated as stimuli of thyroid cell proliferation; overexpression of these growth factors and/or their receptors may play a role in the growth of thyroid tumors. To determine if immunohistochemical detection of growth factors and/or their receptors correlates with morphological alterations in proliferative lesions of thyroid, we examined the localization of epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) and their common receptor, EGF-receptor (EGF-R), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF-1-receptor (IGF-R) and IGF binding proteins (IGFBP)-1, -2, -3, and -4, nerve growth factor (NGF), and its receptor NGF-receptor (NGF-R), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), in normal thyroid tissue and various thyroid tumors. We applied the streptavidin-biotin technique to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. We studied 8-16 different cases of each of the following: normal human thyroid, multinodular hyperplasia, follicular adenoma, papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, and anaplastic carcinoma. EGF, TGF-alpha, and their receptor EGF-R were widely expressed in normal thyroid and in all the thyroid lesions examined. IGF-1 and IGFBP-1 were diffusely present in all different thyroid tissues as well. There was no difference in staining intensity or distribution that correlated with the pathological process. IGFBP-4 seemed to have a variable expression. IGFBP-2 and -3 were detected only in medullary carcinomas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Is isomerism of the atrial appendages a real thing? (1995)

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The Effects of Load Control with Port Throttling at Idle- Measurements and Analyses (1989)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">An experimental and analytical study was conducted to investigate the effects of load control with port throttling on stability and fuel consumption at idle. With port throttling, the pressure in the intake port increases during the valve-closed period due to flow past the throttle. If the pressure in the port recovers to ambient before the valve overlap period, back flow into the intake system from the cylinder is eliminated. This allows increased valve overlap to be used without increasing the residual mass fraction in the cylinder.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Results showed that, with high valve overlap and port throttling, idle stability and fuel consumption can be maintained at values associated with low overlap in a conventionally throttled engine. However, implementation of this concept in production is regarded to require precision-fit and balanced port throttles, an external vacuum pump for vacuum systems support, and revision of the PCV system.</div>
Cooperative Spectrum Sensing and Locationing: A Sparse Bayesian Learning Approach (2010)

Based on the concept of sparse Bayesian learning, an expectation and maximization algorithm is proposed for cooperative spectrum sensing and locationing of the primary transmitters in cognitive radio systems. Different from typical approaches, not only the signal strength, but also the number and the radio power profiles of the primary transmitters are estimated, which greatly facilitates resource management in cognitive radio. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can still roughly reconstruct the power propagation map of the primary transmitters even when the measurement rate is below the lower bound for which compressive sensing (CS) can reconstruct signals with the l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -norm optimization method. Compared with the typical CS and Bayesian CS algorithms, simulation results show that average mean squared errors (MSE) of the estimated power propagation map are lower with the proposed algorithm. Besides, the computational complexity is also lower owing to bases pruning. The MSE of the location estimation are also shown to demonstrate the capability of the proposed algorithm.
Efficient intervention of growth and infiltration of primary adult T-cell leukemia cells by an HIV protease inhibitor, ritonavir (2005)

Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), an aggressive malignancy of CD4+ T cells associated with human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) infection, carries a very poor prognosis because of the resistance of leukemic cells to any conventional regimen, including chemotherapy. We examined the effect of ritonavir, an HIV protease inhibitor, on HTLV-I-infected T-cell lines and primary ATL cells and found that it induced apoptosis and inhibited transcriptional activation of NF-kappaB in these cells. Furthermore, ritonavir inhibited expression of Bcl-xL, survivin, c-Myc, and cyclin D2, the targets of NF-kappaB. In nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID)/gammacnull (NOG) mice, ritonavir very efficiently prevented tumor growth and leukemic infiltration in various organs of NOG mice at the same dose used for treatment of patients with AIDS. Our data indicate that ritonavir has potent anti-NF-kappaB and antitumor effects and might be clinically applicable for treatment of ATL. These results would provide a new concept and novel platform for new drug development of leukemia and solid cancer as well.
Inhibition of La Crosse Virus Replication by Monensin, a Monovalent Ionophore (1982)

SUMMARY The effect of monensin, a monovalent ionophore, on La Crosse virus particle formation and polypeptide synthesis was examined. Monensin inhibited the release of virus particles (both infectious and non-infectious) from infected BHK-21 cells. Monensin had no detectable effect on the synthesis of polypeptides G1, G2 and N.
A Hybrid Pixel Detector ASIC with Energy Binning for Real-Time, Spectroscopic Dose Measurements (2012)

Hybrid pixel detectors have been demonstrated to provide excellent quality detection of ionising photon radiation, particularly in X-ray imaging. Recently, there has been interest in developing a hybrid pixel detector specifically for photon dosimetry. This thesis is on the design, implementation, and preliminary characterisation of the Dosepix readout chip. Dosepix has 256 square pixels of 220 mm side-length, constituting 12.4 mm2 of photo-sensitive area per detector. The combination of multiple pixels provides many parallel processors with limited input flux, resulting in a radiation dose monitor which can continuously record data and provide a real-time report on personal dose equivalent. Energy measurements are obtained by measuring the time over threshold of each photon and a state machine in the pixel sorts the detected photon event into appropriate energy bins. Each pixel contains 16 digital thresholds with 16 registers to store the associated energy bins. Preliminary measurements of Dosepix chips bump bonded to silicon sensors show very promising results. The pixel has a frontend noise of 120 e-. In low power mode, each chip consumes 15 mW, permitting its use in a portable, battery-powered system. Direct time over threshold output from the hybrid pixel detector assembly reveal distinctive photo-peaks correctly identifying the nature of incident photons, and verification measurements indicate that the pixel binning state machines accurately categorise charge spectra. Personal dose equivalent reconstruction using this data has a flat response for a large range of photon energies and personal dose equivalent rates.
Individual differences in cross-sectional and 3-year longitudinal memory performance across the adult life span. (1993)

This article reports individual differences analyses of performance on list and prose memory tasks for 250 men and 258 women aged 55-84. Being retested, higher reasoning and vocabulary scores, and female gender predicted better prose recall and list recognition performance. For list recall, retest status, age, years of schooling, and gender, as well as reasoning and vocabulary, were reliable independent predictors. After 3 years, 106 men and 121 women returned for a retest. Analysis of individual differences in 3-year performance indicated that, once Time 1 performance had been partialed, individual change could be predicted by age or reasoning, but neither variable uniquely accounted for change. Analysis of data of individuals who experienced considerable decline or improvement in 3-year scores indicated that decline was consistently associated with advanced age. Ramifications for theoretical models in memory research are discussed.
FLORISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES (1986)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.