gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computer modeling and analysis of cross-sectional bone density studies with respect to age and the menopause (1987)

Controversy exists about rates of bone mineral loss from the lumbar spine at the menopause. Cross-sectional studies of lumbar bone mineral against age have been interpreted as evidence for or against a menopause-related change in lumbar bone loss, depending on their goodness of fit to either linear or nonlinear equations. To investigate the ability of cross-sectional studies to detect accelerated lumbar bone loss at the menopause, we constructed models of different patterns of loss and evaluated the findings in cross-sectional analyses of computer-simulated populations of normal women. A sample size of greater than 300 was needed to distinguish between linear and nonlinear patterns of bone loss with a power of 90% when the data was analyzed throughout life. Examining for differences between the slopes of the regressions of pre- and postmenopausal women was more useful for detecting nonlinear bone loss under some circumstances. A difference between slopes was apparent in studies containing 100 subjects if lumbar bone density (BMD) was assumed to be unchanged prior to the menopause, but a larger study size was needed (greater than 1000) if BMD was assumed to fall before the menopause. We also measured lumbar BMD by dual photon absorptiometry in 141 normal females. When the data was analyzed against age throughout life, a nonlinear pattern of bone loss was found, and comparison of pre- and postmenopausal subjects showed a significant difference in the slopes of the linear regressions. Our patient data support the concept of a relatively stable lumbar BMD prior to the menopause with a rapid but transient decline postmenopausally.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Anionic Inhibitors of Pancreatic and Leukocyte Elastase. Alkylamides of 3-Carboxypropionyl- and 4-Carboxybutyrylalanine Peptides (1985)

Low-molecular inhibitors of pancreatic and leukocyte elastase were synthesized of the general formula X-[Ala]n-A [X = Suc and Glt, A = ethylamide, n = 1, 2, 3 and 4; for n = 2 X = H and A = (2-phenylethyl)amide] and of the formula X-[Ala]3-A (X = H, Suc and Glt, A = methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, isopropyl-, butyl-, isobutyl-, (2-phenylethyl)- and diethylamide; for A = ethylamide, X = maleyl or acetyl). Inhibition constants Ki of these pancreatic and leukocyte elastase inhibitors were determined using the chromogenic substrates Suc-[Ala]4-Nan or Glt-[Ala]4-Nan and Glt-[Ala]3-Val-Nan, respectively. The series of anionic inhibitors containing three alanine residues has the best inhibitory properties. Of the acyl groups, 4-carboxybutyryl appears most advantageous, propylamide is the most suitable of alkylamides for pancreatic elastase, and isobutylamide for leukocyte elastase. Peptides containing a free amino group show an inhibition for pancreatic elastase lower by one order than that of the corresponding acylated derivatives. Glt-[Ala]3-NH-Pr is the best inhibitor of pancreatic elastase with Ki = 0.003mM and Suc-[Ala]3-NH-iBu is the best inhibitor of leukocyte elastase with Ki = 0.7mM.
Exploration Mission Benefits From Logistics Reduction Technologies (2016)

Technologies that reduce logistical mass, volume, and the crew time dedicated to logistics management become more important as exploration missions extend further from the Earth. Even modest reductions in logical mass can have a significant impact because it also reduces the packing burden. NASA's Advanced Exploration Systems' Logistics Reduction Project is developing technologies that can directly reduce the mass and volume of crew clothing and metabolic waste collection. Also, cargo bags have been developed that can be reconfigured for crew outfitting and trash processing technologies to increase habitable volume and improve protection against solar storm events are under development. Additionally, Mars class missions are sufficiently distant that even logistics management without resupply can be problematic due to the communication time delay with Earth. Although exploration vehicles are launched with all consumables and logistics in a defined configuration, the configuration continually changes as the mission progresses. Traditionally significant ground and crew time has been required to understand the evolving configuration and locate misplaced items. For key mission events and unplanned contingencies, the crew will not be able to rely on the ground for logistics localization assistance. NASA has been developing a radio frequency identification autonomous logistics management system to reduce crew time for general inventory and enable greater crew self-response to unplanned events when a wide range of items may need to be located in a very short time period. This paper provides a status of the technologies being developed and there mission benefits for exploration missions.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzotriazole‐Mediated (2,3)‐Wittig Rearrangement. General and Stereocontrolled Syntheses of Homoallyl Alcohols and β,γ‐ Unsaturated Ketones. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Light-dependent phosphorylation of rhodopsin. Purification and properties of rhodopsin kinase. (1978)

Rhodopsin kinase was extracted from bovine rod outer segments with 1 M ammonium chloride and purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and chromatography on Sephacryl S-200 and Blue Sepharose CLGB.The purified kinase was essentially homogeneous in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.The molecular weight of kinase was estimated to be 50,000 to 53,000 from the electrophoretic mobility and by gel filtration.There is no evidence that the enzyme is composed of subunits.The enzyme was specific for rhodopsin; phosvitin, casein, histone, and protamine were not phosphorylated.ATP (Km = 8 PM, V,,,, = 40 nmol/ mg/min) was the preferred substrate to GTP (Km = 400 PM, vrmx = 2 nmol/mg/min).The activity was inhibited 90% by 1 mn Zn'+, 50% by 1 nm AMP, and 50% by 1 nm adenosine but not by cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP.Na+ (100 mn) was a potent inhibitor (90% inhibition) of the enzyme, while K+ (100 111~) was without effect.After phosphorylation and regeneration, phosphorylated pigment was separated from unphosphorylated pigment on epichlorohydrin triethanolamine cellulose.Phosphorylated pigment accounted for about 16% of the total pigment and contained about 5 mol of phosphate/mol of pigment.It was thus concluded that the substrate for the light-dependent phosphorylation of rod membranes is a small fraction of rhodopsin that possesses multiphosphorylation sites.To investigate the cellular location of the phosphorylation reaction, rod segments were prepared from living frogs in which newly formed discs had been labeled with [3HJleucine and phosphorylated.The 3H radioactivity per pigment was significantly higher in phosphorylated pigment than in unphosphorylated pigment.The result led us to conclude that newly formed discs (hence, the plasma membrane, as well, that is continuous with the disc infoldings) are preferentially phosphorylated.Light-dependent phosphorylation by ATP of a rod membrane protein, presumably rhodopsin, was discovered independently in three laboratories (l-3).Characteristics of the phosphorylation reaction elucidated with the whole retina, rod outer segments (ROS),' and crude aqueous extracts of rod outer segments include: (i) the reaction occurs only after rhodopsin is bleached by light, (ii) the action spectrum of the light effect coincides well with the absorption spectrum of rhodopsin (2), (iii) light does not activate protein kinase but * The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges.
Androgen up-regulates epidermal growth factor receptor expression and binding affinity in PC3 cell lines expressing the human androgen receptor. (1995)

Androgens are required for the optimal growth and development of both the normal prostate and steroid-sensitive prostate cancer. PC3 prostate cancer cell lines stably expressing the human androgen receptor (AR) and possessing an androgen-sensitive phenotype (PC3-hAR) were used to examine the role of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in androgen-stimulated prostate cancer cell growth. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) independently induced the growth of PC3-hAR cells. Moreover, EGF and DHT in combination exerted a synergistic effect on PC3-hAR cell growth. DHT-exposed PC3-hAR cells expressed a greater than 2-fold increase in EGFR mRNA and 50% more EGFR protein than controls. Time course radioligand-binding assays confirmed these findings by showing an elevation in EGF binding in the DHT-exposed PC3-hAR cells. In addition, radioligand competition-binding studies revealed a 2-fold increase in EGFR-EGF binding affinity in the PC3-hAR cells after DHT treatment. However, no enhancement of transforming growth factor alpha or EGF expression was detected because DHT did not affect the levels of these cytokines in the PC3-hAR cell lysate or conditioned media. Our observations suggest that DHT increases both EGFR number and receptor-ligand affinity in androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells and that these effects correlate with increased EGF binding and an enhanced mitogenic response to EGF.
Parents`experiences when their children are tended at hospitals (2006)

Background: In Sweden the healthcare has moved from the homes to the hospitals, as the system has developed. Parents were not allowed to visit their children when they were hospitalised in the past. It was noticed in the beginning of the 20th century that it might be harmful for the children to be left without parents at the hospital. Today it is considered a fact that the parents should stay with their hospitalised children and the healthcare is based on a family-centered care. Aim: The aim of this literature study was to elucidate parents experience when having hospitalised children. Method: Eleven scientific articles were analysed on the basis of qualitative content analysis. Units of meaning were selected and divided in main and sub categories. Results: The result shows that it is stressing to have hospitalised children. Parents experience need of information and support. The parents experience a need to be close to their children and to attend the healthcare on own conditions in order to be able to cope with the situation. Discussion: It is not a common situation for parents to have their child hospitalised. Nurses should therefore get information about each specific family in order to support the family in their situation.
In vitro motility evaluation of aggregated cancer cells by means of automatic image processing (1999)

The proposed equipment enables in vitro aggregated cell motility to be studied. This method can, therefore, be used in pharmacological studies in order to select anti-motility related compounds. The compounds selected by the equipment described could then be tested in vivo as potential anti-metastatic.
Quality spscification for Huatanpingchuan tablets (2010)

Objective To establish a qualitative and quantitative method for Huatanpingchuan tablets.Methods Pheretima and Radix scutellariae in recipes were identified by TLC.The content of syringin in Cortex syrigae was determined by HPLC.The chromatographic column was phenomenex ODS C18(200 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm).The mobile phase consisted of methanol-water(25∶75),the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1,and the detective wavelength was 265 nm.The column temperature was 25 ℃.Results The TLC identification was highly specific.The amount of syringin had a good linearity within 0.209～2.09 μg.The average recovery of syringin was 97.3% and RSD was 0.5%(n=5)Conclusion The method is reliable,simple,accurate and reproducible,and can be used for the quality control of Huatanpingchuan tablets.
Applying 'Second Life' to a CAVE™-like system for the elaboration of interaction methods with programmable interfaces (2007)

No abstract available.
Venlafaxine for Treatment-Resistant Unipolar Depression (1994)

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the novel antidepressant venlafaxine for the management of treatment-resistant unipolar depression. We gave unblinded venlafaxine to 84 consecutive outpatients and inpatients who met DSM-III-R criteria for major depression and who had failed to respond to at least three adequate trials of antidepressants from at least two different antidepressant classes or electroconvulsive therapy, plus at least one attempt at augmentation. Patients were evaluated after a drug free period at baseline and regular intervals with the 21-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D-21), Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and the Clinical Global Impressions Scale Improvement item (CGI). Full response for each scale was defined as follows: HAM-D-21 score of 8 or lower, a MADRS score of 12 or lower, and CGI score of 1; partial responses was defined as a 50% decrease in the HAM-D and MADRS, with final scores greater than 8 and 12, respectively, and for the CGI, a score equal to 2. About a third of patients were considered to be either full or partial responders (32.9% by HAM-D-21, 30.0% by MADRS, and 40% by CGI) after 12 weeks of venlafaxine treatment. To date, about 46% of responders have sustained their response for at least 3 months after the acute response. Venlafaxine is effective for a significant, but small, minority of patients with rigorously defined triple-resistant depression; the improvement was maintained for about half of the responders for the first 3 months of maintenance therapy.
The Surface Protein SdrF Mediates Staphylococcus epidermidis Adherence to Keratin (2017)

These studies demonstrate that SdrF mediates adherence to human keratin and suggest that SdrF may facilitate S. epidermidis colonization of the skin.
Inverse Optimal Control for Identification in Non-Cooperative Differential Games (2017)

This paper presents research on inverse optimal control in non-cooperative differential games. An inverse optimization framework for the identification of an unknown objective function of a game’s participant is introduced. The identified objective function yields the same trajectories as the ground truth objective function. We apply the presented methods in a human-machine cooperation scenario, where identification of human behavior is indispensable for automation design. The framework’s methods are evaluated through simulation of a driver cooperating with a driving assistance system based on a realistic vehicle dynamics model. The identification results are highly accurate and calculation performances motivate real-time applications.
Local states in one-dimensional CDW (charge density wave) materials: Spectral signatures for polarons and bipolarons in MX chains (1990)

We have undertaken a combined theoretical and experimental effort directed toward the examination of both the ground and defect states in halide-bridged mixed-valence metal linear chains materials as they are tuned within and between broken symmetry phases. Novel low-dimensional highly correlated electronic materials offer a difficult theoretical challenge as we must span from a description of electronic structure on a molecular scale to the meso scale structure that is intrinsic to these solids. Our theoretical effort at Los Alamos combines quantum chemistry, band structure calculations, and many body modeling using Peierls-Hubbard Hamiltonians in order to model ground and local states. The experimental effort combines synthesis and a variety of microscopic structural and spectroscopic probes and macroscopic measurements in an effort to fully characterize both ground and local states as these materials are tuned in the phase boundary regions between broken symmetry states. The present article summarizes some of our recent research using optical spectroscopy to obtain signatures of photoexcited and intrinsic local states and compares these experimental results with Peierls-Hubbard calculations of the optical properties of these materials. Details concerning the theoretical and experimental approaches can be found elsewhere.
Multiple mechanisms driving detachment folding as deduced from 3D reconstruction and geomechanical restoration: the <scp>P</scp>ico del <scp>Á</scp>guila anticline (<scp>E</scp>xternal <scp>S</scp>ierras, <scp>S</scp>outhern <scp>P</scp>yrenees) (2011)

Abstract Three‐dimensional (3D) modelling allows observation of geological features that may not be evident by classical two‐dimensional approaches. This is particularly important in the P ico del Á guila anticline ( C entral E xternal S ierras, S outhern P yrenees, S pain), a structure characterized by important geometrical variability in 3D. The P ico del Á guila is a N–S‐trending fold, transverse to the E–W‐trending S outh‐ P yrenean thrust front, with well‐exposed growth strata that record the evolution of the structure and the influence of the S outh‐ P yrenean thrust front. Fold kinematics is complex and not precisely quantified. It is characterized by multiple folding mechanisms acting simultaneously in a heterogeneous stratigraphic sequence. To better understand the fold's structural evolution, 3D reconstruction and geomechanical restoration of the structure were performed. The restoration takes into account rock mechanical properties without assuming a specific kinematic model. Our work suggests that the growth of the structure was characterized by variable uplift/sedimentation rates through time and between fold limbs. The restoration also reveals that a combination of multiple folding mechanisms operated simultaneously in different units and structural domains during anti‐clinal growth. This has major implications in the understanding of detachment folds with associated growth strata, as such structures are described in many settings as potential traps for hydrocarbons and natural resources.
An innovative modular coupler design for sunlight illumination (2014)

This paper presents a coupler which increases the efficiency for the NLIS (Natural light illumination system). The NLIS is a novel illumination system that can provide the eco-friendly illumination for the smart building for protecting the global environment.
Free-Radical Polymerization and Ring-Expansion of a Cubane Acrylate: a Unique Low-Shrink Polymer (2009)

A pendant cubane substituent has been incorporated into an acrylate polymer side chain to give poly[methyl 4-(acryloyloxymethyl)cubane carboxylate]. Treating this polymer with a rhodium(i) salt triggers a catalytic, ring-opening rearrangement of the cubane substructure to cyclooctatetraene, with a concomitant expansion in molecular volume. This system offers a unique opportunity to reverse the shrinkage associated with polymerization.
Participation in contact or collision sports in athletes with epilepsy, genetic risk factors, structural brain lesions, or history of craniotomy (2006)

Despite a plethora of guidelines for return to play following mild head injury, a discussion of when and if an athlete should be allowed to participate in contact or collision sports if he or she sustains a structural brain lesion or after a head injury requiring craniotomy is lacking. The structural lesions discussed include arachnoid cyst, Chiari malformation Type I, cavum septum pellucidum, and the presence of ventriculoperitoneal shunts. Issues unique to this population with respect to the possibility of increased risk of head injury are addressed. The population of athletes with epilepsy and certain genetic risk factors is also discussed. Finally, the ability of athletes to participate in contact or collision sports after undergoing craniotomies for traumatic or congenital abnormalities is evaluated. Several known instances of athletes returning to contact sports following craniotomy are also reviewed.
Soft Lithographic Fabrication of High <i>Q</i> Polymer Microcavity Arrays (2007)

As new synthetic, low-loss polymers are developed, polymer optical cavities are experiencing a revolution, in both fabrication design and functionality. Recently, a fabrication technique was developed that enabled planar arrays of polymeric resonators to achieve cavity Q factors greater than 1 million. In the present letter, this molding technique is expanded to fabricate resonators from polymers that have either thermal or UV curing mechanisms. The quality factors and broad band spectrum of these devices are determined at 680, 1300, and 1550 nm. These resonant cavities demonstrate quality factors which are competitive with photonic crystals and microdisk resonators.
Techniques for performing quantitative measurements of high intensity focused ultrasound intensity distributions noninvasively. (2011)

Estimation of the HIFU intensity field at clinically relevant power levels can be difficult due to the possibility of hydrophone damage or of sensor interference with the focused beam. To address this issue, we have developed two non-invasive methods for determining the intensity in free field and in tissue-mimicking material. In the first method, streaming field generated by the absorption of acoustic energy in liquid is measured using particle image velocimetry. The intensity distribution giving rise to the velocity field is computed by performing the operations of the Navier–Stokes equations upon the experimentally measured streaming field. The second technique (IR thermography) involves the use of an infrared camera to measure the temperature within a tissue-phantom. An air interface is required at the phantom boundary in order for the IR camera to observe the temperature rise. Quantitative determination of the intensity can be difficult due to the presence of the air interface (at which the intensity is zero), heat conduction within the phantom, and convection currents arising in the air. Mathematical relations that address these complications and allow for intensity measurements have been derived. Intensity fields obtained using both methods will be shown, along with comparisons with hydrophone measurements.
Asthma control in pediatric patients treated with once-daily or twice-daily nebulized budesonide inhalation suspension (Pulmicort Respules) (2008)

Composite end points may represent more meaningful assessments of asthma control compared with traditional discrete measures. The effects of budesonide inhalation suspension (BIS) on composite measures of asthma control have not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to assess changes from baseline in percentages of asthma control days (ACDs; days without asthma symptoms and rescue medication use; primary outcome), symptom-free days (SFDs), and rescue medication-free days (RFDs) with BIS treatment. We retrospectively analyzed separately data from three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 12-week studies (N = 1018) of BIS. Study I patients (4-8 years) were dependent on daily inhaled corticosteroids (ICS; n = 178). Study II patients (6 months to 8 years) were using one or more asthma medications (n = 481). Study III patients (6 months to 8 years) were using daily non-ICS asthma medication (n = 359). Patients treated with BIS showed substantial improvements from baseline in all composite variables (ACDs, 21-31% versus placebo [PBO], 10-18%; SFDs, 20-29% versus PBO, 11-18%; RFDs, 24-47% versus PBO, 12-28%). In study I, each BIS regimen statistically significantly improved all three asthma control measures versus PBO. In study II, BIS 0.5 mg twice daily (b.i.d.) improved ACDs, BIS 0.25 mg b.i.d. and 0.5 mg b.i.d. improved SFDs, and all BIS regimens improved RFDs statistically significantly. In study III, BIS 0.25 mg once daily (q.d.) improved all three measures, BIS 0.5 mg q.d. improved SFDs, and 1.0 mg q.d. improved RFDs statistically significantly. In conclusion, BIS improved composite measures of asthma control in children.