gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Trajectory Generation for Aircraft Avoidance Maneuvers (2009)

A direct multiple shooting optimization strategy for real-time trajectory generation is presented in the context of an anti-hijack system for civilian aircraft. Constraint objects, representing buildings or other critical infrastructure, are placed in the predicted flight path of the aircraft and a three degree-of-freedom nonlinear aircraft model is used to generate an avoidance trajectory. The strategy is shown to produce feasible avoidance trajectories with computation times viable for the real time application. A number of simulation cases are presented.
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo development of human oocytes cryopreserved using 1,2-propanediol (1995)

This study reports the subsequent embryo development of cryopreserved mature human oocytes following insemination or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Metaphase II oocytes were cryopreserved using a slow freezing-rapid thawing procedure employing the cryoprotectant 1,2-propanediol. The study was conducted at two centres. The normal insemination of cryopreserved oocytes was undertaken in one centre, and ICSI of cryopreserved oocytes in the other. Both methods resulted in a 50% normal fertilization rate. A low rate of abnormal fertilization was observed in the inseminated group of oocytes (5%) compared with 21% for the ICSI oocytes; this was not significantly different. Embryo development was assessed daily for 7 days. All normal fertilized cryopreserved oocytes in both groups cleaved on day 2, with a similar appearance to in-vitro fertilization and ICSI embryos. In the normal inseminated oocytes, there was a significant decrease in the number of embryos cleaving on day 3 (33%) compared with the development of ICSI oocytes, with a subsequent gradual reduction over days 4 and 5 (22 and 11% respectively) resulting in one early blastocyst on day 7 (11%). In contrast, all ICSI-generated embryos continued to cleave on day 3, with a gradual reduction over subsequent days (day 4, 86%; day 5, 57%; day 6, 43%; day 7, 29%). By day 7, two of the blastocysts had started to hatch, resulting in a 66% hatching rate of blastocysts formed from ICSI of cryopreserved oocytes. This is the first study to show normal development to the hatching blastocyst stage following ICSI of cryopreserved human oocytes.
Clustered home area network: A beacon enabled IEEE 802.15.4 approach (2008)

Driven by emerging standards, increasing energy costs, and advances in Wireless Sensor Networking, the ldquosmart homerdquo is becoming a reality for the mass market. Over a decade, professional installers have been using proprietary systems, with emergence of standards such as Zigbee, cost effective low-data rate, home solutions are now realizable. This paper presents a cluster based home area network in which Zigbee has been used as the underlying technology. Our paper focuses on analysis of power consumption of Zigbee based networks for low data rate applications like simple HANs. Our work is a dedicated effort on network and application layer. The use of beacon mode and hierarchical clustered mechanism is suggested. Power consumption and performance analysis have been done and results have been shown to validate the analysis.
Solder Joint Encapsulant Adhesive – LGA High Reliability And Low Cost Assembly Solution (2013)

More and more Land Grid Array (LGA) components are being used in electronic devices such as smartphones, tablets and computers. In order to enhance LGA mechanical strength and reliability, capillary flow underfill is used to improve reliability. However, due to the small gap, it is difficult for capillary underfill to flow into the LGA at SMT level. Due to cost considerations, there are usually no pre-heating underfill or cleaning flux residue processes at the SMT assembly line. YINCAE solder joint encapsulant SMT 256 has been successfully used with solder paste for LGA assembly. Solder joint encapsulant is used in in-line LGA soldering process with enhanced reliability. It eliminates the underfilling process and provides excellent reworkability. The shear strength of solder joint is stronger than that of underfilled components. The thermal cycling performance using solder joint encapsulant is much better than that using underfill. Bottom IC of POP has been studied for further understanding of LGA assembly process parameters. All details such as assembly process, drop test and thermal cycling test will be discussed in the full paper.
Fragile X syndrome is less common than previously estimated. (1997)

In 1986, a population study of school children in the city of Coventry gave an overall prevalence in males and females for fragile X syndrome of 1/952. The 29 children diagnosed as having fragile X syndrome in this study have been re-evaluated with molecular diagnostic techniques. Eighteen of the original 29 children have been found not to have the expansion of the FMR1 gene associated with fragile X syndrome. Revised prevalence figures have been calculated giving rise to an overall prevalence figure of 1/2720 (range 1/2198-1/3089). If the four children lost to follow up are also assumed not to have the fragile X syndrome, the revised prevalence figure was 1/5714 (range 1/4762-1/6349). Clinical review of boys with severe mental retardation from this and a subsidiary study show that the clinical features of head circumference greater than the 50th centile, testicular volume greater than the 50th centile, and IQ between 35 and 70 remain helpful in distinguishing boys with fragile X syndrome from those who have non-specific mental retardation.
The pharmacokinetics of caffeine and its dimethylxanthine metabolites in patients with chronic liver disease. (1989)

1. Serum and salivary concentrations of caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) and its dimethylxanthine metabolites were measured in 10 healthy control subjects and in 19 patients with cirrhosis, for up to 96 h following a 400 mg oral caffeine load. 2. Serum and salivary caffeine concentrations correlated significantly (r = 0.954; P less than 0.001) and no significant differences were observed in the pharmacokinetic data derived from the respective concentration-time curves. 3. In the control subjects, basal salivary caffeine concentrations did not exceed 0.4 mg l-1. The median (range) basal salivary caffeine concentrations in patients with compensated cirrhosis (n = 10), 0.2 (0-0.7) mg l-1 and decompensated cirrhosis (n = 9), 0.7 (0-5.8) mg l-1, were not significantly different from control values, although three patients with decompensated cirrhosis had basal salivary caffeine values above 2.0 mg l-1. 4. In the patients with compensated cirrhosis, the median peak salivary caffeine concentration, 10.9 (8.2-16.5) mg l-1 was significantly greater than in controls, 7.1 (4.7-11.8) mg l-1 (P less than 0.01) and the median apparent volume of distribution was significantly reduced, 0.38 (0.19-0.49) vs 0.41 (0.23-0.63) l kg-1 (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Understanding Sleep Disorders in a College Student Population (2003)

College students' sleep habits are changing dramatically, and related sleep problems are increasing. The author reviews the current literature on sleep problems, focusing on the college student population. An explanation of the basics of sleep is provided as a base for understanding sleep disorders. The unique challenges of college settings are discussed as they apply to understanding sleep problems, and suggestions are made for professionals who work with college students.
A NEW CHARACTERIZATION METHOD FOR COAL BED METHANE (2004)

Coal bed methane reservoirs are hard to characterize due to their small scale heterogeneities which often vary from seam to seam. Based on recent developments in image analysis techniques and fracture generation software, we propose a methodology aiming at a better quantitative characterization of the macro-cleat system of coal, for better prediction of petro-physical properties. The methodology is based on four main steps:  Image analysis aiming at identifying to the best of the CT scan resolution, the macro-cleat system for large cores.  A statistical analysis of the main features characterizing the network: orientation, length distribution, frequency, density, aperture distributions and average distance between fractures. Different families are then identifi ed and their respective statistics recorded.  Generation of realistic images at a large scale (10m*10m*10m), from the statistics of one core, using a dedicated software developed at IFP.  Calculation of porosity and permeability values for up to 30 block of 1m*1m*1m, selected randomly from the large block. The generation of such a petro-physical data-base allowing the development of K-PHI plots can improve log analysis performed in CBM fi elds leading to fl ow-unit identifi cation, since permeability attributes are considered along with porosity. Problems encountered and use of those statistics for other purposes than characterization are discussed. Ex- amples of applications and of the results leading to this characterization are shown, using coals from France.
Glucagon induces biliary protein excretion in guinea pigs (1993)

This study was done to determine glucagon's effect on protein biliary excretion in anesthetized, bile duct-cannulated guinea pigs. Glucagon (1.4 nmol.min-1.kg-1) induced choleresis and increased protein biliary concentration from 0.12 +/- 0.04 to 0.20 +/- 0.6 mg/ml and protein output from 22.8 +/- 3.8 to 54.5 +/- 16.1 micrograms.kg-1.min-1. Protein biliary excretion increased during the first 10 min of glucagon infusion and progressively declined thereafter. Biochemical analysis of biliary protein revealed that the increase could be accounted for primarily by an increase in the lysosomal enzymes acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase. Biliary excretion of the canalicular membrane enzymes 5'-nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase only modestly increased, whereas that of [14C]sucrose, a marker of paracellular fluid transport, was unaffected. On the other hand, glucagon enhanced biliary entry of horseradish peroxidase in a fashion similar to that observed with total endogenous protein. These effects were mediated by the adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) system, since infusion of dibutyryl-cAMP at 0.5 mumol.kg-1.min-1 increased bile flow and biliary protein excretion in a time-dependent manner, as observed with glucagon. Glucagon's failure to sustain enhanced protein biliary output was not due to declining hepatic concentrations of cAMP or to depletion of hepatocellular lysosomal enzymes. These studies provide evidence that glucagon stimulates biliary excretion of protein in guinea pigs that can be accounted for by biliary discharge of enzyme originating from the canalicular membrane and, primarily, from the lysosomal compartment. Although the precise mechanism(s) underlying these effects remains to be elucidated, it is suggested that the increase in canalicular membrane enzyme excretion is due to glucagon's effect on exocytosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Rebeca Barriga Villanueva, y Josefina García Fajardo (eds.), Reflexiones lingüísticas y literarias. T. 1: Lingüística. El Colegio de México, México, 1992; 283 pp. (2007)

Se reseñó el libro: Reflexiones lingüísticas y literarias. T. 1 Lingüística.
Design, Development and Application of Northeast Asia Resources and Environment Scientific Expedition Data Platform (2012)

Abstract: Northeast Asia is a key area for Earth system studies, global change frontier science research and regional sustainable development research. It has a complex ecological environment, a variety of climatic zones and typical human-Earth relationships. This paper outlines a data resources integration system fulfilling the data accumulation and management requirements of the Northeast Asia Resources and Environment Scientific Expedition. The data resources integration system has three subsystems: (i) data resources collection and management standards and specifications system, (ii) data classification system and (iii) a data management and publication software platform. The data resources collection and management standard and specification system has 23 specifications, divided into three types. They are: (i) data collection and processing specification type, (ii) data analysis and archiving specification and (iii) data management and sharing specification. The data resources classification system has four classes, 25 sub classes and 128 data elements. The data management and publication software platform has five function models: (i) data catalogue search model, (ii) metadata management model, (iii) data publication and virtualization model, (iv) data view model and (v) data download model. Based on the designed data integration system a prototype system has been developed and is supported by computer and Web GIS technologies. So far 144 datasets have been integrated into this data system. As more data are accumulated and integrated, it will play an important role in future scientific expedition data application and analysis.
Astrocyte–neurone communication following oxygen–glucose deprivation (2005)

We looked at the possible interactions between astrocytes and neurones during reperfusion using an in vitro model of ischaemia-reperfusion injury, as a controlled environment that lends itself easily to manipulation of the numerous variables involved in such an insult. We constructed a chamber in which O2 can be lowered to a concentration of 1 microm and developed a primary cortical neuronal culture that is 99% pure and can survive to at least 10 days in vitro. We also established a novel system for the co-culture of astrocytes and neurones in order to study the communication between these cells in a manner that allows the complete separation of one cell type from another. Neurone cultures showed profound cell death following an ischaemic period of only 15 min. We co-cultured neurones that had been subjected to a 15-min ischaemic insult with either non-insulted astrocytes or astrocyte-conditioned medium during the reperfusion stage. Both astrocytes and astrocyte-conditioned medium enhanced neuronal survival. Our data also suggest that astrocyte-sourced neuronal glutathione synthesis may play a role in preventing neuronal death.
The Chitin Connection (2012)

Chitin, a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine, is an essential component of the fungal cell wall. Chitosan, a deacetylated form of chitin, is also important in maintaining cell wall integrity and is essential for Cryptococcus neoformans virulence. In their article, Gilbert et al. [N. M. Gilbert, L. G. Baker, C. A. Specht, and J. K. Lodge, mBio 3(1):e00007-12, 2012] demonstrate that the enzyme responsible for chitosan synthesis, chitin deacetylase (CDA), is differentially attached to the cell membrane and wall. Bioactivity is localized to the cell membrane, where it is covalently linked via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. Findings from this study significantly enhance our understanding of cryptococcal cell wall biology. Besides the role of chitin in supporting structural stability, chitin and host enzymes with chitinase activity have an important role in host defense and modifying the inflammatory response. Thus, chitin appears to provide a link between the fungus and host that involves both innate and adaptive immune responses. Recently, there has been increased attention to the role of chitinases in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation, especially asthma. We review these findings and explore the possible connection between fungal infections, the induction of chitinases, and asthma.
Selenium and Carcinogenesis (1985)

Selenium has been shown to be effective in inhibiting the incidence of chemically and virally induced tumors. Continuous selenium intake by the host appears to be needed to achieve maximal inhibition of both of these models of carcinogenesis. Present information suggests that selenium inhibits both the initiation and promotion phases of chemical carcinogenesis. The anticarcinogenic property of selenium does not appear to be mediated through its association with glutathione peroxidase activity. Selenium is also effective in inhibiting the proliferation of neoplastic cells. Selenium has been shown to inhibit the growth of various neoplastic cells in vitro and in vivo. However, differences in the sensitivity of various tumor cell lines to selenium are evident. The efficacy of selenium as an antitumorigenic agent depends on the form and mode of administration of this trace element. Total tumor mass also appears to effect the efficacy of selenium. Evidence now suggests that selenodiglutathione or some other intermediate in selenium metabolism is responsible for the antitumorigenic properties of this trace element.
Two <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> carotene desaturases, phytoene desaturase and ζ‐carotene desaturase, expressed in <i>Escherichia coli</i>, catalyze a poly‐<i>cis</i> pathway to yield pro‐lycopene (1999)

We have expressed in Escerichia coli the enzymes geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase and phytoene synthase, from the soil bacterium Erwinia stewartii , and the two carotene desaturases phytoene desaturase and carotene ζ‐carotene desaturase from Arabidopsis thaliana . We show that pro‐lycopene (7,9,7′,9′‐tetra‐ cis )‐lycopene is the main end product of the plant desaturation pathway in these cells. In addition, light is required in this system. Whereas in the dark mainly ζ‐carotene, the phytoene desaturase product, accumulates, illumination leads to activation of this intermediate caused by its photoisomerization. ζ‐Carotene then meets the stereospecific requirements of ζ‐carotene desaturase and pro‐lycopene is formed. In contrast, a strain of E. coli carrying geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase, phytoene desaturase and the bacterial carotene desaturase CrtI, which mediates lycopene formation from phytoene, does not require light, nor is a poly‐ cis ‐lycopene species formed. The stereoselectivity of the plant‐type desaturation pathway expressed in E. coli is the same as previously shown with chromoplast membranes. As the phytoene desaturase and ζ‐carotene desaturase used originate from a system not capable of developing chromoplasts, this indicates that the poly‐ cis pathway of carotene desaturation may have a wider occurrence than initially believed.
Bone marrow of patients with active multiple myeloma: Angiogenesis and plasma cell adhesion molecules LFA‐1, VLA‐4, LAM‐1, and CD44 (1995)

Bone marrow plasma cells and stromal cells in multiple myeloma (MM) have been shown to be capable of releasing cytokines with angiogenic properties. Plasma cells can also express adhesion molecules controlling their adhesive interactions with endothelial cells. In the present study, we have evaluated by immunohistochemistry the extent of angiogenesis in the bone marrow of: a) 51 patients with active and non-active MM; b) 25 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Plasma cells were investigated by flow cytometry for the expression of the adhesion molecules LFA-1, VLA-4, LAM-1, and CD44. The results showed that, while angiogenesis was very low or absent in patients with MGUS and non-active MM, it increased markedly in those with active MM. The highest detectability of plasma cell adhesion molecules, except LAM-1, was also found in these patients. The functional significance of these findings is unknown. Their consistent occurrence in the bone marrow of active myeloma patients, however, strongly suggests that more frequent adhesive interactions between plasma cells and their microvasculature underlie tumor dissemination.
Enterprise resource planning: a business approach to systems development (2003)

Systems development methodologies have evolved from technical approaches through to a people/organisational focus and more recently an increased emphasis on business process reengineering (BPR) has been witnessed. This evolution reflects both the increasing maturity of information technology and also the business outlook of firms seeking to use IT for competitive advantage. In this paper we argue that system development is now entering a new phase of maturity with the advent of enterprise resource planning (ERP) software packages. ERP systems are integrated, enterprise wide systems which automate core corporate activities such as manufacturing, human resource, finance and supply chain management. From case study research, it is shown that ERP implementations have different types of problems compared with traditional software development methods. These centre on the alignment of business processes with the standard Software package and the project management of the implementation process. It is argued that ERP is a departure from traditional approaches to system development. It therefore requires a different approach that places less emphasis on the technical aspects of software development and instead seeks to balance the business process design, software configuration and project management aspects of IT implementation with the overall strategy and structure of the firm. Future research opportunities are outlined.
Paecilomyces lilacinus as the cause of chronic maxillary sinusitis (1980)

Paecilomyces lilacinus was isolated on two separate occasions from the left antrum of a patient with chronic maxillary sinusitis. The clinical presentation and characteristics of the fungus and the sinus debris histopathology are discussed.
Characterization and determination of brewer's solid wastes composition (2015)

Agro-industrial wastes are produced in large quantities around the world from the processing and manufacturing of food and beverages. The disposal of these wastes into the environment leads to damage to ecosystems owing to their composition rich in organic matter. In this context it may be noted that the brewing industry, whose production process includes processing steps and fermentation of vegetable raw materials such as barley and/or other grains used as adjuncts and hops, generates various byproducts. The worldwide consumption of these beverages and the current model of breweries, which includes production on a large scale, lead to the generation of large amounts of brewery waste, namely spent grain, hot trub and residual yeast. Owing to its composition, these residues exhibit significant potential for application in bioprocess technologies. In this study the three residues mentioned had their composition determined as a function of moisture, ash, total organic carbon (TOC), total and soluble nitrogen, reducing sugar and soluble free amino nitrogen. Moreover, the residues were characterized for total acidity, pH and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of total and soluble fractions. The three residues evaluated had high moisture content (>80%) and high organic matter content (TOC and COD, ~50% and >1000 mg/g, respectively), which can highlights the significant protein fraction (almost 50% for hot trub and residual yeast), suggesting the possibility of using these wastes for recovery. Copyright © 2015 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling