gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Sensitivity of the Digital Coherent Receiver (2008)

In this paper, we investigate the sensitivity of the digital coherent receiver both theoretically and experimentally. The receiver sensitivity close to the shot-noise limit is demonstrated in the 10-Gbit/s binary phase-shift keying system with the help of a low-noise optical preamplifier. We also introduce polarization diversity into our receiver. Maximal-ratio polarization combining in the digital domain makes the receiver sensitivity independent of the state of polarization of the incoming signal without power penalty.
Modeling manufacturing yield and reliability (1999)

In this paper, we introduce the concept of reliability defect, present the time-dependent defect growth model during operations based on a defect-related gate oxide breakdown mechanism, and build the yield-reliability relation model. Discussions presented here can also be applicable to other device failures when different physics-of-failure mechanisms are found. Through the relation model, it is possible to find a minimum level of latent defect screening to assure the required level of reliability and predict reliability for new products when it is combined with a yield prediction model.
Resistive, magnetic, and structural studies of Tl0.5Pb0.5(Ca1−<i>x</i> <i>M</i> <i>x</i>)Sr2Cu2O<i>y</i> compounds with <i>M</i> equal to the natural mixture of rare-earth elements (1989)

We report the resistivity, structural, and magnetic susceptibility measurements for Tl0.5Pb0.5(Ca1−xMx)Sr2Cu2Oy superconductors with M equal to the natural mixture of rare-earth elements and x=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3, respectively. The powder x-ray diffraction profile indicates a single-phase, P4/mmm tetragonal crystal structure with a=0.380±0.002 nm and c=1.205±0.002 nm for a Tl0.5Pb0.5(Ca0.9M0.1)Sr2Cu2Oy superconductor. Tc (zero)’s were found to be 79, 91, 101, 97, and 87 K for x=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3, respectively. Hc1 of Tl0.5Pb0.5(Ca0.9M0.1)Sr2Cu2Oy was estimated to be around 1.8 kG at 5 K, and Jc about 1.35×103 A/cm2 with a 20 kG applied field at 5 K. The Meissner signal of this sample indicates the Tc onset ∼100 K, and the mass diamagnetic susceptibility −χg at 5 K is 2.52×10−3 cm3/g (field cooled at 100 G).
Application of Fiber Brillouin Amplifiers on Coherent Optical Wavelength Divisionand Subcarrier-Multiplexing (WDM-SCM) System (1992)

Article Application of Fiber Brillouin Amplifiers on Coherent Optical Wavelength Divisionand Subcarrier-Multiplexing (WDM-SCM) System was published on September 1, 1992 in the journal Journal of Optical Communications (volume 13, issue 3).
FLIP (fluid-implicit-particle): A low-dissipation, particle-in-cell method for fluid flow (1987)

Since convective transport is the largest source of computational diffusion, FLIP (fluid-implicit-particle) eliminates convection, and uses instead a Lagrangian formulation. In FLIP, as in PIC, particles represent the fluid: a grid is used only to calculate interactions among particles. FLIP is an adaptation to fluid flows of the implicit moment method for plasma simulation. The particles carry coordinates, momentum, mass and energy; everything necessary to describe the fluid. Using the particle data, Lagrangian moment equations solved on a grid advance the particle variables from time step to time step. An adaptive grid and implicit time differencing extend the method to singular and low-speed flows. Aspects of FLIP's properties are illustrated by calculations of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability, an unstable, subsonic stream, and a supersonic jet. The results demonstrate FLIP's applicability to the many problems where low dissipation is crucial to correct modeling. 21 refs.
Design and Synthesis of a Tag‐Free Chemical Probe for Photoaffinity Labeling (2007)

Abstract The novel aromatic diazirine‐containing benzoic acid 22 was prepared via the diazirine 11 as the key intermediate. After formylation of the aryl ring and cleavage of the methyl ether function of aldehyde 12 , the phenolic hydroxy group was converted into the ether 21 terminating in an alkyne function. Oxidation of the aldehyde to the carboxylic acid provided the chemical probe 22 designed for tag‐free photoaffinity labeling. In a proof‐of‐concept study it could be shown that irradiation of the simple ester 23 indeed yields the methanol insertion product 24 . A subsequent click reaction with benzyl azide 20 led to the triazole 25 . A more complicated example was realized with the esterification of bafilomycin A 1 ( 27 ) with acid 22 . (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Oral health indicators in the Interfederative Pacts of the Unified Health System: development in the 1998-2016 period (2018)

Abstract Introduction In recent decades, the Ministry of Health has been recommending the use of indicators for the assessment and monitoring of health care. Over the years, it has instituted interfederative pacts dealing with health indicators, including oral health indicators, with the purpose of encouraging health system managers to incorporate the monitoring and assessment of actions in their practice, as well as enabling the follow-up of the performance of services. Objective To analyze the development of oral health indicators propounded in the interfederative pacts of the Unified Health System (SUS) in Brazil between 1998 and 2016. Material and method Documentary research based on government guidelines issued during the analyzed period. The variables studied were the characteristics of publications and indicators (denomination, method of calculation, source and purposes). Result In the period of 1998-2016, oral health indicators were proposed in the pact on primary care indicators (1998-2006), in the Pacts for Health (2007-2011), and in the resolutions of the tripartite intermanagerial committee (2012, 2013 and 2016). Changes were identified over this period, characterized by the inclusion and exclusion of indicators, and by a drastic reduction in the number of indicators, eventually leading to only one retained indicator: “Proportion of tooth extractions in relation to procedures.” Conclusion There were changes in oral health indicators over the analyzed period, characterized by periods of advancement and regression, eventually resulting in a single indicator related to mutilating actions (tooth extractions), effective in 2016.
Formation of strained Si/SiGe on insulator structure with a [110] surface (2003)

In this paper, two SGOI fabrication techniques; SIMOX technique and Ge condensation method by oxidation were employed and the successful fabrication of [110] oriented SGOI and strained SOI substrates was demonstrated.
Mechanism of NO Photocatalytic Oxidation on g-C3N4 Was Changed by Pd-QDs Modification (2015)

Quantum dot (QD) sensitization can increase the light absorption and electronic transmission of photocatalysts. However, limited studies have been conducted on the photocatalytic activity of photocatalysts after modification by noble metal QDs. In this study, we developed a simple method for fabricating Pd-QD-modified g-C₃N₄. Results showed that the modification of Pd-QDs can improve the NO photocatalytic oxidation activity of g-C₃N₄. Moreover, Pd-QD modification changed the NO oxidation mechanism from the synergistic action of h⁺ and O₂(-) to the single action of ·OH. We found that the main reason for the mechanism change was that Pd-QD modification changed the molecular oxygen activation pathway from single-electron reduction to two-electron reduction. This study can not only develop a novel strategy for modifying Pd-QDs on the surface of photocatalysts, but also provides insight into the relationship between Pd-QD modification and the NO photocatalytic oxidation activity of semiconductor photocatalysts.
A Research on High Availability Mechanism of Virtual Machine Based on Ceph (2013)

There are some problems in virtual machine deployment scheme, such as the consumption of network resources costs too much when machine migration occurs, the requirements of shared storage needed by virtualization and so on.
Emilio Duhau, Angela Giglia, Las reglas del desorden : habitar la metrópoli (2012)

Un livre important vient de paraître à (et sur) Mexico. Important non seulement par le nombre de pages (570 p. denses), mais par l’ambition des auteurs. Emilio Duhau et Angela Giglia nous offre ici la première approche compréhensive de cette métropole. A la différence de nombreux travaux proposant une étude globale de Mexico, il ne s’agit pas d’un essai ou d’une synthèse mais d’un véritable travail de recherche ancré sur des terrains. Celui-ci se fixe l’objectif difficile de partir de l’expér...
A Novel Foreground/Background Decision using in Unsupervised Segmentation of Moving Objects in Video Sequences (2006)

This paper presents an unsupervised segmentation technique for separating moving objects from background in image sequences. This technique utilizes the spatial and temporal information. For localization of moving objects in the video sequence, two consecutive image frames in the temporal direction are examined and a significance test is performed from two consecutive difference images. Spatial segmentation is performed to divide each image into semantic regions and find precise object boundaries of moving objects. In order to achieve high performance in segmentation, a foreground/background decision technique is proposed. Our technique includes two methods for different situations. Method one is applied based on two distinct thresholds for foreground/background decision. Method two is used by a sorting of changed-pixels ratio to get a more precise decision. The results show a good segmentation performance becomes achievable in generic images, and enrich the MPEG-4 and MPEG-7 for content-based indexing and retrieval of multimedia applications.
Grating-mode-type wide-band SAW resonators for VCOs (2002)

Grating-mode-type surface acoustic waves (SAWs) that are particularly suitable for wide-band SAW resonators were found. Their bandwidths are larger than 13%. Their spurious responses originating from Rayleigh waves are almost negligible when the Al-grating thickness is optimized for the cut angle of substrate. For example, the ratio of the Al-grating thickness to the SAW wavelength must be required within 0.125/spl plusmn/0.007 for 15/spl deg/-rotated Y-cut X-propagating lithium niobate. These SAW resonators were applied to UHF-band voltage-controlled oscillators. They achieved a high control-voltage sensitivity of 13.5 MHz/V (3.2%/V) and a high phase-noise performance of <-115 dBc/Hz offset 25 kHz from the carrier.
Exact Evaluation of Batch-Ordering Inventory Policies in Two-Echelon Supply Chains with Periodic Review (2001)

This paper studies a two-echelon supply chain with stochastic and discrete consumer demand, batch order quantities, periodic inventory review, and deterministic transportation times. Reorder point policies manage inventories at every location. Average inventory, backorders and fill rates are evaluated exactly for each location. Safety stock is evaluated exactly at the lower echelon and a good approximation is detailed for the upper echelon. Numerical data are presented to demonstrate the model's utility. It is found that system costs generally increase substantially if the upper echelon is restricted to carry no inventory, of if the upper echelon is required to provide a high fill rate. In many cases it is optimal to set the upper echelon's reorder point to yield near zero safety stock, yet in some cases this simple heuristic can significantly increase supply chain operating costs. Finally, policies selected under the assumption of continuous inventory review can perform poorly if implemented in an environment with periodic review.
Building America House Simulation Protocols (2010)

The House Simulation Protocol document was developed to track and manage progress toward Building America's multi-year, average whole-building energy reduction research goals for new construction and existing homes, using a consistent analytical reference point. This report summarizes the guidelines for developing and reporting these analytical results in a consistent and meaningful manner for all home energy uses using standard operating conditions.
Practical aspects of PARAFAC modeling of fluorescence excitation‐emission data (2003)

Abstract This paper presents a dedicated investigation and practical description of how to apply PARAFAC modeling to complicated fluorescence excitation–emission measurements. The steps involved in finding the optimal PARAFAC model are described in detail based on the characteristics of fluorescence data. These steps include choosing the right number of components, handling problems with missing values and scatter, detecting variables influenced by noise and identifying outliers. Various validation methods are applied in order to ensure that the optimal model has been found and several common data‐specific problems and their solutions are explained. Finally, interpretations of the specific models are given. The paper can be used as a tutorial for investigating fluorescence landscapes with multi‐way analysis. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molusco ContagiosoRevisión y opciones de tratamiento (2011)

RESUMEN El molusco contagioso es una infeccion viral ocasionada por un pox virus, que ha ido en aumento en personas con vida sexual activa y en pacientes con virus de inmunodeficiencia humana. Aunque el molusco contagioso es generalmente una enfermedad autolimitada puede tomar desde 6 meses hasta 5 anos su desaparicion, especialmente en pacientes inmunocomprometidos. El tratamiento debe realizarse para disminuir el riesgo de contagio por transmision sexual, de auto inoculacion, asi como para mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente. Las opciones de tratamiento pueden ser administrados por el medico o por el paciente mismo, tomando en cuenta lo mas conveniente, mejor tolerado y de facil administracion.
INHIBITOR-INJECTION PROGRAM SHOWING EARLY PROMISE (1991)

This paper reports on the treatment system implemented last year at Trans-Alaska Pipeline's pump stations which employed chemical inhibitors in a large-scale, corrosion-mitigation program. Ultrasonic inspection in 1988 revealed internal corrosion predominantly in low-velocity piping. There, emulsified water had precipitated out of the crude oil and supported microbial corrosion. TAPS developed a systems of manual batch treatment to treat the numerous dead legs in the pump-station facilities along with procedures for monitoring inhibitor effectiveness.
Polymerization in Supercritical CO2 To Improve CO2/Oil Mobility Ratios (1987)

ABSTRACT The efficiency of carbon dioxide flooding is hindered by mobility problems resulting from the unfavorable mobility ratio, λCO2/λoil. Several approaches were tested in the past to improve CO2 flooding efficiency (1–6). One approach attempted direct thickening of CO2 by dissolving a commercially available polymer in the CO2. In this paper a novel idea to increase the CO2 viscosity is presented. The increasing of CO2 viscosity is attempted by insitu polymerization of monomers miscible with CO2. The polymerization is done while the monomer (solute) is in the CO2 supercritical phase (solvent). CO? viscosity changes are evaluated by direct measurement using a high pressure Ruska rolling ball viscometer. Several runs have been made and polymerization has been successfully achieved – in the presence of CO2 supercritical phase – as evidenced by NMR and infrared spectrophotometry. Both gas and liquid phase monomers, measured at standard conditions, were tried and both were polymerized. Polymerization initiators that were used consist of commercially available peroxides with a weak O-O bond. Polymerization was carried out at approximately 160°F and 1800 psi. The values of temperature and pressure are typical for oil reservoirs in which CO2 is applied as a miscible fluid. Further evaluation of viscosity changes are done by flowing the mixture of CO2 and polymer in a high pressure sandpack.
AIDS as immune system activation. II. The panergic imnesia hypothesis. (1990)

A hypothesis is presented in which HIV infection leads to immunodeficiency through indirect subversion of critical T cell regulatory mechanisms. Acting at the T cell receptor complex (TCR), viral components (gp120) mimic the natural ligands of CD4, molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and deliver physiologically active, inappropriate signals resulting in generalized, uncontrolled lymphocyte activation, or "panergy." Clinical manifestations of panergy include autoimmune phenomena, lymphadenopathy, hyperglobulinemia, and symptoms mediated by lymphokines. Immunologic unresponsiveness occurs early in HIV infection prior to T cell depletion because activated cells do not respond to further stimulation. Ultimately, activation disrupts T cell homeostasis by interference with the generation of memory cells ("imnesia") and leads to net T cell loss, clonal deletion, and the development of AIDS. The clinical and immunologic features of HIV disease and AIDS are reviewed from this perspective. This hypothesis is consistent with the paucity of infected T cells, the clinical findings of both AIDS-related complex (ARC) and frank AIDS, the prolonged "incubation period," and a role for antigen-specific cofactors. Based on this view of HIV pathophysiology, therapeutic modalities should avoid immune stimulation and seek to block aberrant gp120 signals at CD4 and eliminate HIV-infected cells.
PSRO impact: are the statements valid? (1979)

The generation of PSRO impact statements cannot simply be a "fill in the formula" routine. A health care system is not a simple environment, and narrow approaches to documenting change usually will not suffice. Instead, one would hope that future PSRO impact studies will take into consideration at least the concerns discussed here, as well as many others. As demonstrated in the New Mexico PSRO experiment, PSROs may not be able to demonstrate cost savings given the enormity and fragmentation of the health care environment. Such a conclusion should not result in a declaration of the PSRO program's failure but, instead, should serve to redirect the program's emphasis toward quality assurance, for which even the OPEL study noted impact.
Replication of Rubella Virus in a Continuous Line of African Green Monkey Kidney Cells (Vero). (1967)

Rubella virus has been found to grow to high titer in a continuous line of green monkey kidney cells (Vero), with the production of CPE and plaques. Infectivity titrations can be read within 2 weeks and are somewhat higher than comparable titers measured by echovirus 11 interference in pGMK. Primary isolation rates of 56% were obtained in Vero cultures as compared to 12% with the same specimens tested in pGMK cultures. Complement fixing antigen can be produced in satisfactory titer in Vero cultures, and the system is suitable for the direct measurement of neutralizing antibody.
Ciencia ficción o realismo mágico: la obra de Philip K. Dick (2005)

El autor de este articulo hace un repaso general a las principales obras y biografia de Philip K. Dick, considerado uno de los autores de ciencia ficcion de mas prestigio; haciendo especial enfasis en su estilo y los simbolos mas frecuentes de su literatura.
RNAi-mediated silencing of the Bmi-1 gene causes growth inhibition and enhances doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells (2009)

The oncogene Bmi-1 is a member of the Polycomb group gene family. Its expression is found to be greatly increased in a number of malignant tumors including breast cancer. This could suggest Bmi-1 as a potent therapeutic target. In this study, RNAi was introduced to down-regulate the expression of Bmi-1 in a highly malignant breast adenocarcinoma cell line, MCF-7. A thorough study of the biological behavior and chemosensitivity changes of the MCF-7 cells was carried out in context to the therapeutic potential of Bmi-1. The results obtained indicated that siRNA targeting of Bmi-1 could lead to an efficient and specific inhibition of endogenous Bmi-1 activity. The mRNA and protein expression of Bmi-1 were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Furthermore, silencing of Bmi-1 resulted in a drastic inhibition of the growth of MCF-7 cells as well as G(1) /S phase transition. The number of target cells was found to increase in phase G (0) /G (1) and decrease in the S phase, but no increase in the basal level of apoptosis was noticed. On the other hand, a reduction in the expression of cyclin D1 and an increase in the expression of p21 were also noticed. Silencing of Bmi-1 made the MCF-7 cells more sensitive to the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin and induced a significantly higher percentage of apoptotic cells. Here, we report on a study regarding the RNAi-mediated silencing of the Bmi-1 gene in breast cancer.
The Windows NT kernel architecture (1998)

Windows NT 5.0 is a massive release, with significant new operating system and network functionality being added to many areas of the system. It is not, however, a rewrite-many aspects of the kernel system architecture remain the same or are being extended. In other words, the fundamental operating system architecture is not changing in Windows NT 5.0. The article is intended as a brief introduction to the NT architecture, including those features-notably plug and play, the job object, and 64 bit large memory support-that necessitated extensions to the executive and the kernel. The author briefly describes major new features in NT 5.0, such as the Active Directory and the Distributed Security Services. The companion articles describe major new extentions to the NT file system and the Microsoft Clustering Service.
Tacrolimus: a new immunosuppressive agent (1995)

The mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, clinical efficacy, and adverse effects of tacrolimus, a newly approved immunosuppressant drug for use in the prophylaxis of organ rejection after transplantation, are reviewed. Tacrolimus prevents rejection of the transplanted organ by inhibiting the expression of interleukin-2 in T cells and inhibiting T-cell growth and proliferation. Bioavailability after oral administration is 5-67%, and the half-life is 4-41 hours. Tacrolimus is extensively metabolized by cytochrome P-450 3A4 isoenzyme, resulting in several known drug interactions. Most experience with tacrolimus has been at one institution, where clinical trials have been conducted in liver, kidney, heart, lung, and intestinal transplantation. Clinical trials have shown that tacrolimus is an effective alternative to cyclosporine for both primary immunosuppression and rescue therapy in liver transplant patients. Fewer reports have been published regarding tacrolimus use in other types of transplantation, but the results show that tacrolimus may be a useful alternative to cyclosporine. The major adverse effects of tacrolimus therapy are nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Tacrolimus is an effective alternative to cyclosporine as a primary immunosuppressant in the prevention of organ rejection and may reduce the incidence of rejection after organ transplantation.
Source reconstruction from the modulus of the correlation function: a practical approach to the phase problem of optical coherence theory* (1973)

The problem of reconstructing an unknown light source from measurements of the modulus of the correlation function of the optical field has been investigated experimentally. The practical feasibility of two different techniques is compared. The first method involves the introduction of a reference point source to the side of the unknown source. The second method depends upon the use of filters with exponential response functions in front of the source. Both methods permit the source to be reconstructed from measurements of the modulus alone. The latter technique involves more-sophisticated numerical procedures. Both methods have the advantage that the recovered phase is largely independent of the instrumental transfer function.