gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Permselectivity of of the glomerular capillary wall. Studies of experimental glomerulonephritis in the rat using neutral dextran. (1976)

Polydisperse [3h] dextran was infused into eight Munich-Wistar rats in the early autologous phase of nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NSN), thereby permitting direct measurements of pressures and flows in surface glomeruli and fractional clearances for dextrans [(U/P) dextran/(U/P) inulin] ranging in radius from 18 to 42 A. Despite glomerular injury, evidenced morphologically and by a marked reduction in the glomerular capillary ultrafiltration coefficient, the glomerular filtration rate remained normal because of a compensating increase in the mean net ultrafiltration pressure. In NSN rats, as in normal controls, inulin was found to permeate the glomerular capillary wall without measurable restriction, and dextrans were shown to be neither secreted nor reabsorbed. For dextran radii of 18, 22, 26, 30, 34, 38, and 42 A, (U/P) dextran/(U/P) inulin in NSN and control rats, respectively, averaged 0.90 vs. 0.99, 0.81 vs. 0.97, 0.63 vs. 0.83, 0.38 vs 0.55, 0.20 vs. 0.30, 0.08 vs. 0.11, and 0.02 vs. 0.03. Using a theory based on macromolecular transport through pores, the results indicate that in NSN rats, effective pore radius is the same as in controls, approximately 50 A. In NSN, however, the ratio of total pore surface area to pore length, a measure of the number of pores, is reduced to approximately 1/3 that of control, probably due to a reduction in capillary surface area. These results suggest that proteinuria in glomerular disease is not due simply to increases in effective pore radius or number of pores, as previously believed. Using a second theoretical approach, based on the Kedem-Katchalsky flux equations, dextran permeability across glomerular capillaries was found to be slightly lower, and reflection coefficient slightly higher in NSN than in control rats.
Inverse membrane problems in elasticity (2008)

The inverse elasticity problem of determining the undeformed, deflated, configuration of a nonlinear elastic membrane, given the deformed configuration enclosing an incompressible fluid under known pressure, is considered. It is shown that, in practical cases, it is enough to determine only the undeformed metric tensor, and it is also shown how the two- and three-dimensional cases are fundamentally different. For the three-dimensional case, we set up and classify the partial differential equations to be solved, prove existence of an undeformed state given an undeformed metric and study the axisymmetric case in detail.
Speed performance of SVPWM direct torque control for five leg inverter served dual three-phase induction motor (2012)

Independent control of multi-machine with single-converter systems is the motivation of this research study. As in the previous literature review, there is no report regarding speed control applying space vector pulse width modulation direct torque control (SVPWM-DTC) method for dual three-phase induction motor (IM) fed by a five leg inverter (FLI). Therefore, in this paper, a new and simple control method based on SVPWM-DTC for dual three-phase induction motors with only one drive of five-leg voltage source inverter is investigated. The method effectively allows independent control of two three-phase IMs. Simulations of different speed commands and variation of load condition tests have been performed. Future work is to do comparative study between vector controls (VC) versus DTC methods to the FLI performance.
Performance evaluation of state-of-the-art discrete symmetry detection algorithms (2008)

Symmetry is one of the important cues for human and machine perception of the world. For over three decades, automatic symmetry detection from images/patterns has been a standing topic in computer vision. We present a timely, systematic, and quantitative performance evaluation of three state of the art discrete symmetry detection algorithms. This evaluation scheme includes a set of carefully chosen synthetic and real images presenting justified, unambiguous single or multiple dominant symmetries, and a pair of well-defined success rates for validation. We make our 176 test images with associated hand-labeled ground truth publicly available with this paper. In addition, we explore the potential contribution of symmetry detection for object recognition by testing the symmetry detection algorithm on three publicly available object recognition image sets (PASCAL VOC'07, MSRC and Caltech-256). Our results indicate that even after several decades of effort, symmetry detection in real-world images remains a challenging, unsolved problem in computer vision. Meanwhile, we illustrate its future potential in object recognition.
3D spatio-temporal graph cuts for video objects segmentation (2011)

In this paper, we present a method to extract moving objects in monocular image sequences. The proposed method is based on graph cuts defined on a spatio-temporal region adjacency graph (RAG). First, we initially over-segment each frame in the video, and take the over-segmented regions as the vertices in the 3D spatio-temporal graph. Second, multiple cues are fused together to extract objects accurately. Finally, accurate foreground/background segmentation are efficiently achieved by binary graph cut. The experimental results showed that the proposed method improved the performance of segmentation with respect to the popular methods.
Twin‐Induced Growth of Palladium–Platinum Alloy Nanocrystals (2009)

Identical or fraternal? Palladium–platinum alloy nanocrystals with well-defined twinned structures (see picture) were synthesized by co-reducing Pd and Pt salts. The evolution of twinned morphologies involves coalescence between initially formed small particles under the slow reduction process. Manipulation of the reduction kinetics allows ready control over crystallinity, and thus shape, of the nanocrystals. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Automatic scene comparison and matching in multimodal cytopathological microscopic images (2005)

The potential of cytopathologic diagnoses to detect cancer of a variety of types non-invasively, cost-efficiently and up to three years ahead of conventional histopathologic diagnoses can be increased by the application of adjuvant methods, i.e. the combination of different stainings. For further improvement of cytopathology we introduced multimodal cell analysis (MMCA) which combines specific information about identical cells in different stainings successively applied to the same microscope slide. This requires a precise relocation and coregistration of individual cells under scrutiny. As a precondition for application in daily routine and screening settings the crucial relocation of cells has to be automated. The paper describes a method for an automatic retrieval of images of cells which have already been selected and recorded in a preceding staining together with their coordinates. Due to inevitable mechanical inaccuracies the geometric match is insufficient. The comparison of nuclear constellations based on segmentations in both stains facilitates an automatic correction of the position even if there is a subscene matching only. The process furthermore generates the initial guess for the succeeding coregistration which thereby gains robustness. The success rate of the method described is about 85%.
THEORY AND METHOD (2007)

In Chapter 1, the scientific method was described as a process that contains theory and the testing of hypotheses or hunches suggested by the theory. Indeed, in all of the various social science disciplines, and no matter what method of data collection is employed, theory is used as a guide in the collection and analysis of data. Moreover, in many studies where the researcher does not begin with a thoroughly defined theory, we can create theory by searching through the data for recurring patterns of behavior.
Coupling of Two Superconductors through a Ferromagnet: Evidence for a<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>π</mml:mi></mml:math>Junction (2001)

We report measurements of the temperature dependence of the critical current, I(c), in Josephson junctions consisting of conventional superconducting banks of Nb and a weakly ferromagnetic interlayer of a CuxNi1-x alloy, with x around 0.5. With decreasing temperature I(c) generally increases, but for specific thicknesses of the ferromagnetic interlayer, a maximum is found followed by a strong decrease down to zero, after which I(c) rises again. Such a sharp cusp can be explained only by assuming that the junction changes from a 0-phase state at high temperatures to a pi phase state at low temperatures.
Quantum Monte Carlo studies of relativistic effects in light nuclei (1999)

Relativistic Hamiltonians are defined as the sum of relativistic one-body kinetic energy, two- and three-body potentials, and their boost corrections. In this work we use the variational Monte Carlo method to study two kinds of relativistic effects in ${}^{3}\mathrm{H}$ and ${}^{4}\mathrm{He},$ using relativistic Hamiltonians. The first is due to the nonlocalities in the relativistic kinetic energy and relativistic one-pion exchange potential (OPEP), and the second is from boost interaction. The OPEP contribution is reduced by $\ensuremath{\sim}15%$ by the relativistic nonlocality, which may also have significant effects on pion exchange currents. However, almost all of this reduction is canceled by changes in the kinetic energy and other interaction terms, and the total effect of the nonlocalities on the binding energy is very small. The boost interactions, on the other hand, give repulsive contributions of $\ensuremath{\sim}0.4$ (1.9) MeV in ${}^{3}\mathrm{H} {(}^{4}\mathrm{He})$ and account for $\ensuremath{\sim}37%$ of the phenomenological part of the three-nucleon interaction needed in the nonrelativistic Hamiltonians. The wave functions of nuclei are not significantly changed by these effects.
Larvae and mastitis (1963)

Abstract Extract Sir,—I wish to report an unusual case of mastitis in a two-year-old Jersey heifer calved three months.
Vertically tapered InGaAsP/InP waveguides for highly efficient coupling to flat-end single-mode fibers (1994)

We report on InGaAsP/InP optical waveguide tapers for efficient coupling to flat-end single-mode fibers. These integrated tapers are realized by an optoelectronic integrated circuit compatible diffusion limited etch process for the vertically tapered core layer and a selective area regrowth for the upper cladding. The smoothly etched vertical tapers and the excellent quality of the regrown layers show low scattering and radiation losses. Polarization insensitive fiber to waveguide coupling losses are below 1 dB and relaxed alignment tolerances are ±2.5 μm in the horizontal and vertical, and 28 μm in longitudinal directions for 1 dB in addition.
Progress in Molecular and Environmental Bioengineering - From Analysis and Modeling to Technology Applications (2011)

This book provides an example of the successful and rapid expansion of bioengineering within the world of the science. It includes a core of studies on bioengineering technology applications so important that their progress is expected to improve both human health and ecosystem. These studies provide an important update on technology and achievements in molecular and cellular engineering as well as in the relatively new field of environmental bioengineering. The book will hopefully attract the interest of not only the bioengineers, researchers or professionals, but also of everyone who appreciates life and environmental sciences.
A comparison of cetylpyridinium chloride, triclosan and chlorhexidine mouthrinse formulations for effects on plaque regrowth (1994)

A relatively small number of agents are used in mouthrinse products, although the possible variability in the final formulations is enormous. The aim of this study was to compare equal concentrations of 3 antimicrobial agents, in simple formulations, for plaque inhibition. This 4-day plaque regrowth study was a 5-cell, randomised, double blind cross-over design, involving 20 healthy human volunteers. The mouthrinse formulations were aqueous 0.05% solutions of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), chlorhexidine and triclosan, together with a 0.1% CPC and a minus active control rinse. On Day 1, from a zero plaque baseline, volunteers ceased normal oral hygiene and rinsed 2x daily for 1 min. with 10-ml volumes of the allocated rinses. On Day 5, plaque was scored by index and area. All rinses produced lower mean plaque values compared to control, but unlike the CPC and chlorhexidine rinses, the differences with triclosan did not always reach significance. The CPC and chlorhexidine rinses were always significantly more effective than the triclosan rinse. The greatest plaque inhibition was with 0.1% CPC although rarely significantly greater than the 0.05% CPC and chlorhexidine rinses which were similar in efficacy. The results indicate that further studies on lower concentration chlorhexidine solutions are warranted.
Neuromorphic speech processing for noisy environments (2002)

Current speech recognition systems perform very poorly in the presence of background noise, particularly for signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) below 10 dB and for certain noise conditions such as cafeteria noise. In this study we investigate the use of acoustic processing based on cochlear models and neural-like processing as a means of arriving at noise robust acoustic representation of speech. However, unlike previous work based on cochlear models that used cochlear filter parameters based on neurophysiological data, we optimize cochlear filter shape and thresholds to reduce the noise contribution in the resulting acoustic representations. Results suggest that average SNR improvements of the order of 5-10 dB can be obtained for noise corrupted signals with SNRs near 0-6 dB for realistic noise such as cafeteria noise. Furthermore, using a neural network to include context and arrive at a lower dimensional representation can lead to further improvements in SNR.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structure-Guided Design of an Engineered Streptavidin with Reusability to Purify Streptavidin-Binding Peptide Tagged Proteins or Biotinylated Proteins (2013)

Development of a high-affinity streptavidin-binding peptide (SBP) tag allows the tagged recombinant proteins to be affinity purified using the streptavidin matrix without the need of biotinylation. The major limitation of this powerful technology is the requirement to use biotin to elute the SBP-tagged proteins from the streptavidin matrix. Tight biotin binding by streptavidin essentially allows the matrix to be used only once. To address this problem, differences in interactions of biotin and SBP with streptavidin were explored. Loop3-4 which serves as a mobile lid for the biotin binding pocket in streptavidin is in the closed state with biotin binding. In contrast, this loop is in the open state with SBP binding. Replacement of glycine-48 with a bulkier residue (threonine) in this loop selectively reduces the biotin binding affinity (Kd) from 4 × 10(-14) M to 4.45 × 10(-10) M without affecting the SBP binding affinity. Introduction of a second mutation (S27A) to the first mutein (G48T) results in the development of a novel engineered streptavidin SAVSBPM18 which could be recombinantly produced in the functional form from Bacillus subtilis via secretion. To form an intact binding pocket for tight binding of SBP, two diagonally oriented subunits in a tetrameric streptavidin are required. It is vital for SAVSBPM18 to be stably in the tetrameric state in solution. This was confirmed using an HPLC/Laser light scattering system. SAVSBPM18 retains high binding affinity to SBP but has reversible biotin binding capability. The SAVSBPM18 matrix can be applied to affinity purify SBP-tagged proteins or biotinylated molecules to homogeneity with high recovery in a reusable manner. A mild washing step is sufficient to regenerate the matrix which can be reused for multiple rounds. Other applications including development of automated protein purification systems, lab-on-a-chip micro-devices, reusable biosensors, bioreactors and microarrays, and strippable detection agents for various blots are possible.
THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES ON LIBYAN RETAIL CONSUMERS' ATTITUDES TOWARDS ISLAMIC METHODS OF FINANCE (2009)

This paper investigates the extent to which Libyan retail consumers’ demographic variables influence their attitudes towards potential use of Islamic methods of finance. A self-administered survey, covering a random sample of 385 consumers was conducted using phone interviews during the months of December 2007 and January-February 2008 to gather their demographic variables and their opinions towards Islamic methods of finance. Descriptive statistics is used to indicate the main characteristics of the sample and potential use of Islamic methods of finance. The results indicate that most of respondents (85.9%) are potential users of Islamic methods of finance. Discriminant analysis is used to indicate which of these demographic variables has much impact on the attitudes of Libyan retail consumers towards Islamic methods of finance. This analysis illustrates that professional status, monthly income, age and level of education are the most important variables in discriminating between the two groups of retail consumers (those who are potential users of Islamic methods of finance and those who are not).
Therapeutic value of bovine saliva in wound healing: a histomorphological study. (1997)

Biopsies were collected from the control (normal saline solution treated) and saliva treated wounds (back and loin region) of calves on 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days post-wounding. A faster connective tissue and epidermal regeneration was observed in saliva treated group. The inflammatory response was subdued as early as on 3rd day. On the 14th day the test wounds were covered with a dense layer of fibroblast and collagen and epidermal growth started. On 21st day the condensation of collagen and vascularization of the scar tissue was further augmented. By 28th day, the wounds were completely filled and nearly 85% of the wound surface was covered with epidermis.
Envy-freeness up to any item with high Nash welfare: The virtue of donating items (2019)

Several fairness concepts have been proposed recently in attempts to approximate envy-freeness in settings with indivisible goods. Among them, the concept of envy-freeness up to any item (EFX) is arguably the closest to envy-freeness. Unfortunately, EFX allocations are not known to exist except in a few special cases. We make significant progress in this direction. We show that for every instance with additive valuations, there is an EFX allocation of a subset of items with a Nash welfare that is at least half of the maximum possible Nash welfare for the original set of items. That is, after donating some items to a charity, one can distribute the remaining items in a fair way with high efficiency. This bound is proved to be best possible. Our proof is constructive and highlights the importance of maximum Nash welfare allocation. Starting with such an allocation, our algorithm decides which items to donate and redistributes the initial bundles to the agents, eventually obtaining an allocation with the claimed efficiency guarantee. The application of our algorithm to large markets, where the valuations of an agent for every item is relatively small, yields EFX with almost optimal Nash welfare. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first use of large market assumptions in the fair division literature. We also show that our algorithm can be modified to compute, in polynomial-time, EFX allocations that approximate optimal Nash welfare within a factor of at most $2ρ$, using a $ρ$-approximate allocation on input instead of the maximum Nash welfare one.
Introduction (2012)

In which the basic argument is laid out: natural history is the set of stories that we tell to explain the diversity that we find in our encounter with the world. History is the set of stories of the people who lived in the “other countries” that we call the past. By studying both we can both learn a lot and have fun.
D.L. and S.J. Hill: Notes on the Narangga Tribe of Yorke Peninsula. Lutheran Publishing House, 205 Halifax Street, Adelaide, S.A. (1976)

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Locked and unlocked behaviour of mutually coupled microwave oscillators (2000)

The interinjection locking of microwave oscillators is investigated using differential equations governing the locking behaviour of two mutually coupled oscillators. The behaviour of the oscillators before and after locking is described, and the common oscillation frequencies, locking range and transient time constant are calculated. The spectra of the oscillators in the unlocked condition are also investigated, with particular attention to the spacing and amplitude variation of the spectral lines. Experimental results in connection with the theoretical investigations are also presented.
The Effect of Temperature, Pressure and Chlorine Concentration of Spray Washing Water on Numbers of Bacteria on Lamb Carcases (1981)

Combined analysis of three experiments showed that when lamb carcases with initial bacterial numbers of between logi 10 3.29 and 4.22/cm 2 were spray washed, statistically significant reductions in bacterial numbers of log 10 O.5 were obtained when the spray wash water temperature was > 57°C, and reductions of log 10 1.0 were obtained when the temperature was ≥ 80°C. Reductions at all temperatures were enhanced by log 10 0.66 when the water contained 30 µg/ml chlorine, but increasing the concentration to 450 µg/ml reduced bacterial numbers only by a further log 10 0–29. At highly contaminated sites increasing the duration of spraying from 30 to 120 s significantly increased the reductions obtained when water containing added chlorine was used. Reductions in bacterial numbers after spray washing with pressures of 3.5, 5.6. 7.7 kg/cm 2 were not significantly different.
"In system" transparent autodiagnostics of RAMs (2002)

In this paper we present an original technique of testing classical RAMs (without BIST) in real system environment. The developed testing methodology allows to cover a large class of faults including pattern sensitivity and dynamic faults. An important feature of the presented approach is test transparency which assures that at the end of the test the contents of the RAM are equal to its initial contents (before testing). This technique is especially useful for periodic autodiagnostic procedures in embedded and multiprocessor systems. It has been also extended for cache and dual port RAMs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>