gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 down-regulates estrogen receptor abundance and suppresses estrogen actions in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. (2000)

1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], the active metabolite of vitamin D, is a potent inhibitor of breast cancer cell growth. Because the estrogen receptor (ER) plays a key role in breast cancer progression, we have studied the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on the regulation of ER in the estrogen-responsive MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line, which is known to predominantly express ERalpha. 1,25(OH)2D3 causes significant inhibition of MCF-7 cell growth, and it also decreases the growth-stimulatory effect of 17beta-estradiol (E2). Treatment of MCF-7 cells with 1,25(OH)2D3 reduces ER levels in a dose-dependent manner, as shown by ligand binding assays and Western blot analysis. The 1,25(OH)2D3 analogues EB-1089, KH-1060, Ro 27-0574, and Ro 23-7553 are more potent than 1,25(OH)2D3 in both their antiproliferative actions as well as ER down-regulation. There is a striking correlation (R2 = 0.98) between the growth-inhibitory actions of 1,25(OH)2D3 or analogues and their ability to down-regulate ER levels. Treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 shows that the reduction in ER is accompanied by a significant decrease in the steady-state levels of ER mRNA. The decrease in ER mRNA is not abolished by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. Inhibition of mRNA synthesis with actinomycin D reveals no significant differences between ER mRNA half-life in control and 1,25(OH)2D3-treated cells. Nuclear run-on experiments demonstrate significant decreases in ER gene transcription at the end of 17 h of treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3. These findings indicate that 1,25(OH)2D3 exerts a direct negative effect on ER gene transcription. Coincident with the decrease in ER levels there is an attenuation of E2-mediated bioresponses after 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment. Induction of progesterone receptor by E2 is suppressed by 1,25(OH)2D3, and the E2-mediated increase in breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA1) protein is reduced by 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment. Overall, these results suggest that the antiproliferative effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 and its analogues on MCF-7 cells could partially be mediated through their action to down-regulate ER levels and thereby attenuate estrogenic bioresponses, including breast cancer cell growth.
The Silicon Content of Body Fluids (1982)

Samples of bile, pancreatic juice, cerebrospinal, pleural, peritoneal, synovial and amniotic fluid obtained from patients during routine clinical procedures were analysed for their silicon (Si) content by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Similar Si concentrations were found in each fluid, while these in turn were shown to be similar to the concentration of Si in the serum of 50 healthy subjects (mean serum Si 21.5 μmol/l, SD±4.5). The concentration of Si in 24-hour collections of urine from 50 healthy subjects was also determined (mean urinary Si 194 μmol/l, SD±94). A comparative study was made of serum Si levels in nine different species of domesticated animal.
Acrylonitrile/Styrene/Acrylate Structural Rubber Latex Particles as Impact Modifier for SAN Copolymer (2011)

core-shell particles; blend morphology; SAN copolymer; toughness. (*) To whom correspondence to be addressed.
THE ADHESION OF POLY(DIMETHYL SILOXANE) TO SILICA SUBSTRATES (2014)

The adhesion of poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) to silica substrates was measured by 90 degree peel testing of PDMS strips cast on silica substrates. The objective of this work was to investigate the effects of silica surface chemistry on the adhesion between PDMS and silica substrate. Silica substrates with different surface chemistry were prepared by both chemical modification and physical adsorption. Silane coupling agents were used to provide octyl chains and primary amino groups on the silica surfaces. Also silica surfaces were coated with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), polyvinylamine (PVAm) or poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) by physical adsorption. The adhesion samples were prepared by casting Sylgard® 184 silicone elastomers on silica surfaces followed by thermal curing. Water contact angle measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared microscopy (FTIR) were performed to measure the surface properties of the peel test samples. It is believed that hydrogen bonding between siloxane bonds in PDMS and silanol groups on silica substrate contributes to the strong adhesion of PDMS and silica surface. The adhesion forces significantly reduced by the adsorption of PVAm and PNIPAM onto silica surfaces. In addition, the introduction of primary amino groups on silica surface would poison the catalyst during the curing of PDMS, which causes the formation of low crosslinking PDMS in the outer surface and is expected to decline the adhesion force. Lastly, the slightly reduce of adsorbed PVAm (340 kDa) on the silica substrate after peel test is considered to be useful for long-term lubrication.
TZ-KPM:Kernel Protection Mechanism on Embedded Devices on Hardware-Assisted Isolated Environment (2016)

With the rapid development of network technology and the increasingly complexity of system function, the embedded system is facing more and more serious threats. Previous researches on kernel monitoring and protection widely relies on higher privileged system components, such as hardware virtualization extensions, to isolate security tools from potential kernel attacks. These approaches increase both the maintenance effort and the code base size of privileged system components, which consequently increases the risk of having security vulnerabilities. In this paper, we have proposed a kernel protection mechanism called TZ_KPM on TrustZone enabled platform. Our prototype can secure system execution environment and provide kernel code integrity protection and malicious process detection based on hardware-assisted isolated environment. At the same time, we secure the communication by shared memory and provide user identification to ensure that the system switches to the secure world safely. Additionally, we can ensure we call the services in the secure world safely by showing the tag on the interface of the called service based on the trusted GUI (TGUI). Thus, we can distinguish the fake interface made by the malicious attackers in the normal world. We have evaluated our prototype on a simulation environment by using ARM FastModel and presented our implementation on a real development by using ARM CoreTile Express A9x4. Our experiment result and security analysis show that TZ_KPM can be retrofitted to existing monolithic kernels, and provide important security benefits.
Pressor Effects of Portal Venous Oleate Infusion (1995)

Increased visceral fat accumulation is a strong predictor of arterial hypertension. In this study, we explored the hypothesis that increased hepatic portal venous free fatty acid delivery results in increased blood pressure. Such an effect might explain the link between visceral obesity and hypertension. In nine conscious, instrumented rats, we studied the effects of 1-hour infusions of sodium oleate solution into the portal and femoral veins and infusions of sodium caprylate solution into the portal vein on 3 separate days. Basal blood pressure was not significantly different on the 3 study days. Mean arterial pressure increased 29 +/- 4 mm Hg during portal oleate infusion and 13 +/- 2 mm Hg during femoral oleate infusion (both significant increases over basal, P < .001). Mean arterial pressure did not change during portal caprylate infusion. The increase during portal oleate infusion was greater than that during femoral oleate infusion (P = .028). Heart rate rose during all three infusions; the increase was greatest during portal oleate infusion (334 +/- 4 to 412 +/- 2 beats per minute). During portal venous oleate infusion in five rats, plasma norepinephrine rose from 2.17 +/- 0.34 to 3.58 +/- 0.50 nmol/L, epinephrine rose from 0.79 +/- 0.28 to 1.84 +/- 0.44 nmol/L, and corticosterone rose from 147 +/- 55 to 1130 +/- 289 nmol/L. Three rats given portal venous oleate infusions for 1 week had increased blood pressure compared with baseline (mean increase, 16 +/- 4 mm Hg). These studies indicate that increases in portal venous fatty acid concentrations have significant pressor effects, perhaps mediated by increased sympathetic tone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hsp90: a chaperone for protein folding and gene regulation (2005)

Molecular chaperones are essential components of a quality control machinery present in the cell. They can either aid in the folding and maintenance of newly translated proteins, or they can lead to the degradation of misfolded and destabilized proteins. Hsp90 is a key member of this machinery. It is a ubiquitous molecular chaperone that is found in eubacteria and all branches of eukarya. It plays a central role in cellular signaling since it is essential for maintaining the activity of several signaling proteins, including steroid hormone receptors and protein kinases. Hsp90 is currently a novel anticancer drug target since it is overexpressed in some cancer cells. The chaperone typically functions as part of large complexes, which include other chaperones and essential cofactors that regulate its function. It is thought that different cofactors target Hsp90 to different sets of substrates. However, the mechanism of Hsp90 function remains poorly understood. As part of an effort to elucidate the Hsp90 chaperone network, we carried out a large-scale proteomics study to identify physical and genetic interactors of the chaperone. We identified 2 highly conserved novel Hsp90 cofactors, termed Tah1 and Pih1, that bind to the chaperone and that also associate physically and functionally with the essential DNA helicases Rvb1 and Rvb2. These helicases are key components of the chromatin remodeling complexes Ino80 and SWR-C. Tah1 and Pih1 seem to represent a novel class of Hsp90 cofactors that allow the chaperone to indirectly affect gene regulation in the cell in addition to its ability to directly promote protein folding. In this review, we provide an overview of Hsp90 structure and function, and we discuss the literature that links the chaperone activity to gene regulation.
[Segmentation of retinal blood vessels based on centerline extraction]. (2012)

The precise estimation of blood vessel centerline and width is a prerequisite condition for the quantitative and visualized diagnosis of blood vessel disease in fundus images. In this paper, a retinal blood vessel segmentation algorithm based on centerline extraction is proposed. According to the characteristics of the fundus image and retinal blood vessels, the image is convoluted with the masks of discrete Gaussian partial derivative kernels. The centerline is determined by differential geometric properties of the blood vessels and the width is also calculated. The precision of our method can reach sub-pixel level with a fast computation speed. The experiments on several kinds of fundus images showed that the method worked quickly and accurately.
[Objectivation of the effect of antitussive agents using tussometry in patients with chronic cough]. (1985)

The antitussive effect of several antitussive agents has been objectively evaluated in patients with chronic stable cough due to bronchial carcinoma, pulmonary tuberculosis or chronic obstructive lung disease. The patients received the active antitussive drugs or placebo in a double-blind, randomized crossover design. The preparations were administered at 10 p.m. and 2 a.m. on 7 consecutive nights and no antitussive was given for the following 20 hours. Cough frequency and intensity were recorded from 10 p.m. until 6 a.m. The active medications were noscapine (30 mg), dextromethorphan (20 mg), dihydrocodeine (30 mg) and codeine (20, 30 and 60 mg) at 10 p.m. and 2 a.m. Cough frequency and intensity were objectively assessed with a pressure transducer placed over the trachea and recorded on a chartrecorder. Statistical analysis was performed with analysis of variance and multiple range testing. Noscapine, dextromethorphan, dihydrocodeine and codeine (60 mg) significantly (p less than 0.001) reduced the cough frequency compared to placebo. They also produced a greater reduction of cough intensity than placebo, codeine (20 mg) and codeine (30 mg) (p less than 0.001). The duration of action of low-dose codeine (6 hours) was unsatisfactory. Subjective preference for dextromethorphan indicates a psychotropic central nervous action of this drug not assessed by the measuring device. Noscapine was equally well tolerated but more neutral psychologically.
Biological/biomedical applications of liquid chromatography (1979)

Papers presented at the Third International Symposium on the Biological/Biomedical Applications of Liquid Chromatography held at the Park Plaza Hotel in Boston, Massachusetts, October 11 and 12, 1979--Pref.
Comparison of Cultural Methods and DNA Probe Analyses for the Detection of <i>Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans</i>, <i>Bacteroides gingivalis</i>, and <i>Bacteroides intermedius</i> in Subgingival Plaque Samples (1988)

The purpose of this study was to compare DNA probe analyses to cultural methods for detecting three periodontal pathogens, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides gingivalis, and Bacteroides intermedius, in human subgingival plaque. Subgingival sites from patients diagnosed as either healthy or showing evidence of gingivitis or juvenile or adult periodontitis were sampled using two paper points. The number of these pathogens from one paper point was determined using microbiologic media and speciated by biochemical tests. Results were then compared to bacterial numbers obtained from the other paper point using species-specific DNA probes. In 60 samples from the disease group, DNA probe analysis demonstrated 100% effectiveness in detecting A. actinomycetemcomitans and B. intermedius and 91% effectiveness in detecting B. gingivalis at culture positive levels (greater than or equal to 10(3) cells). In addition, probe assays frequently identified these pathogens in samples that were culture negative. Probe analysis revealed a better correlation between presence of a pathogen and clinical evidence of disease on an individual patient basis. In contrast, most samples taken from sites of healthy individuals showed undetectable levels of all three pathogens as determined by both techniques. These results suggest that DNA probe technology is at least equivalent and often superior to cultural methods for detecting A. actinomycetemcomitans, B. gingivalis, and B. intermedius in human subgingival plaque samples.
Development of a CRISPR/Cas9 system for high efficiency multiplexed gene deletion in <i>Rhodosporidium toruloides</i> (2019)

The oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides is considered a promising candidate for production of chemicals and biofuels thanks to its ability to grow on lignocellulosic biomass, and its high production of lipids and carotenoids. However, efforts to engineer this organism are hindered by a lack of suitable genetic tools. Here we report the development of a CRISPR/Cas9 system for genome editing in R. toruloides based on a fusion 5S rRNA-tRNA promoter for guide RNA (gRNA) expression, capable of greater than 95% gene knockout for various genetic targets. Additionally, multiplexed double-gene knockout mutants were obtained using this method with an efficiency of 78%. This tool can be used to accelerate future metabolic engineering work in this yeast.
ELECTRODELESS DISCHARGE MODES IN NEON-NITROGEN MIXTURES WITH APPLICATION TO THE PLASMA DISPLAY PANEL (1970)

Discharge buildup and decay was observed in the space between glass-covered electrodes when a sinusoidal voltage at 50 kHz was applied. Study of the emitted light in a mixture of neon + 10 % nitrogen revealed moving luminous regions, one cathode-directed which becomes a short-lived negative glow, and a second single- or multiply glowing region anode-directed which is similar to moving striations in a positive column. Three modes of discharge are observed, continuous and pulsed modes, as reported for the plasma display panel, and a third quasiglow mode, which gives high luminous output and also shows the memory desired for the plasma panel.
SAFE-RD (secure, adaptive, fault tolerant, and efficient resource discovery) in pervasive computing environments (2005)

To facilitate thousands of hand held device users' lookup for services anywhere anytime, the importance of a resource discovery scheme in pervasive computing environments cannot be overlooked. The incorporation of security, adaptability, fault tolerance, and efficiency features is the quest for long but there is no existing resource discovery scheme that can be claimed as "the solution". In this paper, we propose the design of such a discovery mechanism named SAFE-RD, which is an integral part of our on-going research project MARKS (Adaptive Middleware for Resource discovery, Knowledge usability and Self-healing) with illustrative examples.
Absence of toxicity of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> pollen to black swallowtails under field conditions (2000)

A single laboratory study on monarch butterflies has prompted widespread concern that corn pollen, engineered to express Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) endotoxin, might travel beyond corn fields and cause mortality in nontarget lepidopterans. Among the lepidopterans at high potential risk from this technology is the black swallowtail butterfly, Papilio polyxenes, whose host plants in the midwestern U. S. are located principally in narrow strips between roads and crop fields. A field study was performed to assess whether mortality of early instar black swallowtails was associated either with proximity to a field of Bt corn or by levels of Bt pollen deposition on host plants. Potted host plants were infested with first instar black swallowtails and placed at intervals from the edge of a field of Bt corn (Pioneer 34R07 containing Monsanto event 810) at the beginning of anthesis. We confirmed by ELISA that pollen from these plants contained Cry1Ab endotoxin (2.125 +/- 0.289 ng/g). Although many of the larvae died during the 7 days that the experiments were run, there was no relationship between mortality and proximity to the field or pollen deposition on host plants. Moreover, pollen from these same plants failed to cause mortality in the laboratory at the highest pollen dose tested (10,000 grains/cm(2)), a level that far exceeded the highest pollen density observed in the field (200 grains/cm(2)). We conclude that Bt pollen of the variety tested is unlikely to affect wild populations of black swallowtails. Thus, our results suggest that at least some potential nontarget effects of the use of transgenic plants may be manageable.
The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time (1973)

Einstein's General Theory of Relativity leads to two remarkable predictions: first, that the ultimate destiny of many massive stars is to undergo gravitational collapse and to disappear from view, leaving behind a 'black hole' in space; and secondly, that there will exist singularities in space-time itself. These singularities are places where space-time begins or ends, and the presently known laws of physics break down. They will occur inside black holes, and in the past are what might be construed as the beginning of the universe. To show how these predictions arise, the authors discuss the General Theory of Relativity in the large. Starting with a precise formulation of the theory and an account of the necessary background of differential geometry, the significance of space-time curvature is discussed and the global properties of a number of exact solutions of Einstein's field equations are examined. The theory of the causal structure of a general space-time is developed, and is used to study black holes and to prove a number of theorems establishing the inevitability of singualarities under certain conditions. A discussion of the Cauchy problem for General Relativity is also included in this 1973 book.
Characteristics of accumulation of oral gram‐positive bacteria on mucin‐conditioned glass surfaces in a model system (1994)

Strains of Streptococcus, Actinomyces and Lactobacillus were grown on glass surfaces in semi-defined medium (pH 7.0) with mucin, at a dilution rate of D = 0.1 h-1, in a modified chemostat. The accumulation of cells followed four phases. In phase 1 (0-1 h), cells did not divide on the surfaces and adhesion accounted for rapid accumulation. Phase 2 (1-4 h) comprised adhesion and cell division, and accumulation slowed, cell number doubling times (Cdt) Streptococcus, 2.7 h to 8.6 h, Actinomyces, 2.3 h to 7.5 h and Lactobacillus, 3.6 h to 3.8 h. Cell division on surfaces accounted for accumulation in phase 3 (4 h to 12 h): Cdt Streptococcus, 1.7 h to 5.2 h, Actinomyces, 2.4 h to 7.5 h and Lactobacillus, 2.2 h to 7.2 h. The biofilm stabilized in Phase 4, Cdt 18.5 h to 90.2 h. The numbers (10(6) colony-forming units per cm2) of cells in stable biofilms were Streptococcus, 4.02 to 5.12, Actinomyces, 12.5 and 34.0 and Lactobacillus, 2.77. Accumulation increased (Cdt 0.9 h-2.7 h) when cells were exposed to glucose excess or high dilution rates and phase 2 of accumulation did not occur.
The Peeling Behavior of Thin Films with Finite Bending Stiffness and the Implications on Gecko Adhesion (2011)

Analytical thin film peeling models, such as the Kendall model, are formulated under restricting assumptions concerning the strip geometry, the material behavior, the peeling kinematics, and the contact behavior. Recently, such models have been applied to study the peeling of gecko spatulae, although the gecko spatula is significantly different from an idealized thin film. The bending stiffness of the spatula especially has a strong influence on the peeling force which is neglected in the Kendall model. This is demonstrated here by several detailed finite element computations, based on a geometrically exact deformation model and a refined contact description for van der Waals adhesion. Therefore, the peeling of an elastic strip is considered and the influence of the bending stiffness is studied. It is shown that the adhesion induces a bending moment within the strip that can become very large and must, therefore, be accounted for in the strip formulation and evaluation of the work of adhesion. Further, the implications on the computation of the peeling behavior of gecko spatulae are discussed. It is observed that the spatula geometry lies in the range where the peeling work attains a maximum.
Automatic frequency control: Theory and simulation (2008)

The theory and simulation of a base line automatic frequency control, AFC, are proposed in this paper. The AFC is used to track the voltage controlled temperature compensated crystal oscillator (VCTCXO) drift. It is required to lock on to a valid signal at some frequency offset of a pre-determined range. This method of producing a frequency estimate that is computationally more expensive is introduced which involves the Arctangent. Despite the increased complexity, the Arctangent implementation is more robust. The estimate is independent of amplitude effects and also increases the pull-in range of the AFC. Further, the AFC simulation performance was shown to be good and there was minimal degradation compared to the baseline system without the AFC.
Microbiology and Immunology (2001)

Part of Mosby's Review Series, Rapid Review Microbiology and Immunology provides essential, need-to-know material for both course study and exam preparation. Every book in the Rapid Review Series presents information in an easy-to-read outline format that combines concise content with explanatory illustrations and exam style questions. Clinical information is integrated throughout whenever possible, and a CD-ROM with 500 questions, answers, and rationales is included with each book.