gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Region‐specific loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 19 is related to the morphologic type of human glioma (1995)

Allelic mutation on chromosome 19 has previously been reported as a frequent genetic event in human glial tumors. In an effort to localize specific regions of importance on this chromosome better, 13 highly polymorphic genetic markers distributed along the length of chromosome 19 were used for evaluation of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and microsatellite instability in a total of 100 brain tumors, including 75 astrocytomas (55 grade 4; 7 grade 3; 5 grade 2; 6 grade 1; and 2 other), 17 oligodendrogliomas (1 grade 4; 5 grade 3; 10 grade 2; and 1 grade 1), and 8 mixed oligoastrocytomas (MOA) (3 grade 4; 2 grade 3; and 3 grade 2). No microsatellite expansion was observed in these glial tumors for any of the chromosome 19 loci examined. LOH for loci on chromosome 19 was detected in 23/74 informative astrocytomas (31%), 11/17 oligodendrogliomas (65%), and 3/8 MOA (38%). Partial deletion of chromosome 19 occurred more frequently (31/37 cases) than did loss of one whole copy of the chromosome, and a morphology-specific pattern of LOH was observed. In 12/14 (86%) instances of chromosome 19 deletion in oligodendrogliomas and MOA, the 19q arm showed LOH, whereas the 19p arm showed no loss for all informative loci. Conversely, in 17/23 (74%) instances of chromosome 19 deletion in astrocytomas, the 19p arm showed LOH, whereas the 19q arm showed no loss for one or more loci. Thus, loss of 19q and retention of 19p are strongly associated with oligodendroglioma and MOA, whereas loss of 19p and retention of distal 19q is associated with astrocytoma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation of Bcl2 (2010)

Bcl2 is an important pro-survival protein that has an essential function in normal immunity and whose constitutive expression leads to the development of lymphomas. Although transcriptional control of Bcl2 has been reported, increasing evidence suggests an important component of Bcl2 regulation is post-transcriptional. Phosphorylation of Bcl2 has been shown to enhance activity to allow response to extracellular growth-factor-mediated signals. Bcl2 mRNA contains regulatory elements in both its 5'- and 3'-UTRs (untranslated regions). An IRES (internal ribosome entry sequence) in the 5'-UTR permits continued translation in the presence of cellular stresses that reduce cap-dependent translation. The 3'-UTR of Bcl2 mRNA is 5.2 kb in length and contains multiple predicted miRNA (microRNA) and RNA-BP (RNA-binding protein)-binding sites. miR-15a and miR-16-1 have been found to inhibit Bcl2 expression in B-cells, whereas the RNA-BP nucleolin has been shown to increase Bcl2 expression by binding to the 3'-UTR and enhancing mRNA stability. Both decreased expression of miR-15a and miR-16-1 and increased nucleolin have been shown to be associated with increased Bcl2 expression and resistance to apoptosis in the common human disease, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. miRNA-based therapeutic approaches to treat cancer are emerging. Bcl2 is highly regulated by miRNAs and is therefore an excellent candidate for such approaches.
Mathematical Model of Non-Coherent-DLL Discriminator Output and Multipath Envelope Error for BOC (α, β) Modulated Signals (2013)

In this paper we propose the derivation of the expressions for the non-coherent Delay Locked Loop (DLL) Discriminator Curve (DC) in the absence and presence of Multipath (MP). Also derived, are the expressions of MP tracking errors in non-coherent configuration. The proposed models are valid for all Binary Offset Carrier (BOC) modulated signals in Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) such as Global Positioning System (GPS) and Future Galileo. The non-coherent configuration is used whenever the phase of the received signal cannot be estimated and thus cannot be demodulated. Therefore, the signal must be treated in a transposed band by the non-coherent DLL. The computer implementations show that the proposed models coincide with the numerical ones.
Low‐frequency heart rate variability is related to the breath‐to‐breath variability in the respiratory pattern (2013)

Changes in heart rate variability (HRV) at "respiratory" frequencies (0.15-0.5 Hz) may result from changes in respiration rather than autonomic control. We now investigate if the differences in HRV power in the low-frequency (LF) band (0.05-0.15 Hz, HRV(LF)) can also be predicted by respiration variability, quantified by the fraction of tidal volume power in the LF (V(LF,n)). Three experimental protocols were considered: paced breathing, mental effort tasks, and a repeated attentional task. Significant intra- and interindividual correlations were found between changes in HRV(LF) and V(LF,n) despite all subjects having a respiratory frequency above the LF band. Respiratory parameters (respiratory period, tidal volume, and V(LF,n)) could predict up to 79% of HRV(LF) differences in some cases. This suggests that respiratory variability is another mechanism of HRV(LF) generation, which should be always monitored, assessed, and considered in the interpretation of HRV changes.
Weighted Empirical Adaptive Variance Estimators for Correlated Data Regression (1999)

Summary Estimating equations based on marginal generalized linear models are useful for regression modelling of correlated data, but inference and testing require reliable estimates of standard errors. We introduce a class of variance estimators based on the weighted empirical variance of the estimating functions and show that an adaptive choice of weights allows reliable estimation both asymptotically and by simulation in finite samples. Connections with previous bootstrap and jackknife methods are explored. The effect of reliable variance estimation is illustrated in data on health effects of air pollution in King County, Washington.
Hand-Gesture Based Text Input for Wearable Computers (2006)

This paper proposes a novel text input method based on hand gestures for wearable computers. A character is firstly written by a fingertip and then recognized through a B-splines based character recognition method. The writing procedure is controlled by hand gestures including hand tracking, gesture recognition and fingertip positioning which are performed by an extended CONDENSATION algorithm. We have integrated the proposed text input method into a wearable vision system developed in our lab and tested the resulting text input system on Graffiti 2 alphabet. The experimental result shows that our method is promising for natural text input in wearable computers.
The Ground Station High-Power Traveling-Wave Tube (1963)

The M4040 is a 2-kw CW traveling-wave tube developed specifically for communications applications. It was used as the power amplifier in the Project Telstar ground transmitter. Analytic methods employed in the design of the electron gun, the beam collector, the RF circuit and the output match are presented. Typical performance characteristics and drawings of the tube subassemblies serve to describe the electrical and physical features of the M4040 traveling-wave tube. Methods used to inhibit oscillation and the effects of ion drainage and collector depression on tube performance are also discussed
Efecto del nivel de cerdaza deshidratada y del cultivo de levadura (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) sobre el comportamiento productivo y calidad de canales de ovinos destinados para abasto (1999)

An experimental that covers studies was carried out: the objective of the former was to evaluate the performance of sheep fed with 0,20 and 40% dry matter (DM) of culture swine manure supplemented with 0.25% DM of culture yeast.  The results were analyzed with the SAS software program. The second study analyzed carcass of 24 male sheep used in the first experiment.  There were 4 sheep in each one of the 6 treatments including different levels of swine manure. At the moment slaughtering those were classified with the living weight criteria.  A visual comparison, based on the scheme proposed by the MLC (Meat and Livestock Commission), to select the structure of sheep carcass, was done in order to classify them. The results of genuine and commercial output of carcass, warm and cold carcass weight, fat on the back and in the chop area showed no significant differences with regard to the different diets used.  There was no significant effect of the culture yeast on any of lite variables; but a significant effect of the living weight at the moment of slaughtering was observed on the variables of commercial output, warm and cold carcass weight as well as in the chop area.
3-D video compositing: towards a compact representation for video sequences (2002)

In order to achieve good quality very low bit rate video coding, new techniques leading to highly compact representations for video sequences must be investigated. We present a novel video codec framework, where video sequences are represented in terms of stochastic nonparametric 3-D object models and motion script estimates. Multi-property object models, carrying both shape and color information, are incrementally built from video and range sequences. Motion estimates are obtained by depth map registration. We refer to this framework as 3-D video compositing, or 3DVC for short. In this paper, we will describe 3DVC in detail, and present experimental results where interframe compression ratios in the range of 10/sup 2/ to 10/sup 3/ have been achieved.
Purification and Partial Characterization of the Protein Component of Squid Rhodopsin (1973)

Abstract Preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has been used to purify digitonin extracts of rod outer segments of squid retinas. Besides rhodopsin the extracts contained small amounts of seven or eight contaminating proteins plus a light-stable pink-purple pigment identified as ommin. Reproducible amino acid analyses were obtained from separate purified preparations of opsin, the protein component of the rhodopsin molecule. One NH2-terminal glycine per mole of retinaldehyde chromophores was detected. Relative mobility of the opsin on analytical sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels indicated a single peptide unit with a molecular weight of approximately 49,000.
Synthesis and biological screening of some new 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles (2011)

The emergence of bactericide resistance and fungicide resistance towards existing antimicrobial agents is one of the major motives for research and development of new mols. to defend them. Substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles are of considerable pharmaceutical and material interest, which is documented by a steadily increasing no. of publications and patents. 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles show various biol. activities and have been synthesized from different compds. Research on 1,3,4-oxadiazole and their synthetic analogs have revealed a variety of pharmacol. activities including anti-microbial, anti-tubercular and insecticidal agents. Some of these compds. also display activity as analgesics, antiinflammatory agents, anticancer agents, anti-HIV agents, anti-Parkinson agents and anti-proliferate agents. The authors report novel derivs. of the title compds. and their evaluation as antibacterial agents and antifungal agents. Several 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivs. were prepd. which contain pyridine or piperidine rings. The structure of synthesized compds. were confirmed by spectroscopic data, elemental anal. and the target compds. thus formed included 2-[5-(3-piperidinyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-1H-indole, 2-(3-piperidinyl)-5-(4-pyridinyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole, 2-methoxy-4-[5-(4-pyridinyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]phenol, etc. All compds. were screened for their antimicrobial activity. [on SciFinder(R)]
Triazoles. Part XII. Structure of 1,2,4-triazolinethiones (1971)

Spectroscopic differences between N2-substituted 1,2,4-triazolinethiones and isomers substituted on N1 or N4 establish the 1H-1,2,4-triazoline-5-thione structure for N-unsubstituted 1,2,4-triazolinethiones. The spectroscopic differences are due to zwitterion contributions of longer and shorter charge separation respectively. The anomalous spectrum of 4-(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazoline-5-thione may be explained in the same manner.
Lipase‐catalysed enrichment of DHA and EPA in acylglycerols resulting from squid oil ethanolysis (2007)

Abstract The fatty acid specificity of four lipases towards eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was evaluated when performing ethanolysis of squid oil. During the first part of ethanolysis, no DHA ethyl esters were detected when using the lipases from Thermomyces lanuginosus , Pseudomonas cepacia or Pseudomonas fluorescens (in the case of the second and third lipases, no EPA ethyl esters were detected either). This indicates that these three lipases could not catalyse the conversion of DHA located in a triacylglycerol to ethyl ester, and that the Pseudomonas lipases could not catalyse the conversion of EPA either. This pattern was not found for the lipase from Rhizomucor miehei . The lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus showed the lowest specificity towards DHA and the highest DHA recovery during DHA enrichment in the acylglycerol fraction. It was thus used to catalyse the ethanolysis of squid oil on a larger scale. The ethyl esters formed were removed using short‐path distillation, resulting in a product containing mainly mono‐ and diacylglycerols. The product contained 34 mol‐% DHA and 17 mol‐% EPA, compared with 19 mol‐% DHA and 12 mol‐% EPA in the original squid oil.
Aspectos socioculturales de la estructura de la familia y el niño en comunidades urbanas de paises subdesarrollados : la familia dominicana (1981)

Objective Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage remains the most common and serious complication following posterior fossa surgery. Persistent subcutaneous CSF collections can cause wound dehiscence and predispose patients to intracranial infection. Management with conservative treatment fails in up to 40% of patients, and revision surgery remains the last resort. We hereby introduce a novel surgical technique using muscle graft or pedicled trapezius muscle flaps to repair dura and skull base defect for the treatment of subcutaneous CSF collections refractory to conservative management. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted for six patients who presented to our institution from 2012 to 2020, with subcutaneous CSF collections following posterior fossa surgeries and had undergone revision surgeries after unsuccessful management with conservative treatments. Patient demographics, etiologies, culture results, revision procedures, follow-ups, and recurrences of fluid collections were collected. Results Of these six patients, two underwent repair of dura and skull base defect with pedicled trapezius muscle flaps, and four had arachnoid fistula repaired with autologous muscle graft. All six patients fully recovered. CSF leakage and subcutaneous fluid collections were resolved. No recurrences occurred upon the last follow-ups. Conclusion A revision surgery using muscle graft or pedicled trapezius muscle flaps to repair the dura and skull base defect is effective at treating persistent cerebrospinal fluid leakage and subcutaneous fluid collection refractory to conservative treatment.
Protein Clearance Mechanisms of Alpha-Synuclein and Amyloid-Beta in Lewy Body Disorders (2012)

Protein clearance is critical for the maintenance of the integrity of neuronal cells, and there is accumulating evidence that in most-if not all-neurodegenerative disorders, impaired protein clearance fundamentally contributes to functional and structural alterations eventually leading to clinical symptoms. Dysfunction of protein clearance leads to intra- and extraneuronal accumulation of misfolded proteins and aggregates. The pathological hallmark of Lewy body disorders (LBDs) is the abnormal accumulation of misfolded proteins such as alpha-synuclein (Asyn) and amyloid-beta (Abeta) in a specific subset of neurons, which in turn has been related to deficits in protein clearance. In this paper we will highlight common intraneuronal (including autophagy and unfolded protein stress response) and extraneuronal (including interaction of neurons with astrocytes and microglia, phagocytic clearance, autoimmunity, cerebrospinal fluid transport, and transport across the blood-brain barrier) protein clearance mechanisms, which may be altered across the spectrum of LBDs. A better understanding of the pathways underlying protein clearance-in particular of Asyn and Abeta-in LBDs may result in the identification of novel biomarkers for disease onset and progression and of new therapeutic targets.
Hierarchical protein structure superposition using both secondary structure and atomic representations. (1997)

The structural comparison of proteins has become increasingly important as a means to identify protein motifs and fold families. In this paper we present a new algorithm for the comparison of proteins based on a hierarchy of structural representations, from the secondary structure level to the atomic level. Our technique represents alpha-helices and beta-strands as vectors and uses a set of seven scoring functions to compare pairs of vectors from different proteins. The scores obtained are used in a dynamic programming algorithm that finds the best local alignment of the two sets of vectors. The second step in our algorithm is based on the atomic coordinates of the protein structures and improves the initial vector alignment by iteratively minimizing the RMSD between pairs of nearest atoms from the two proteins. We refine the final alignment by determining a core of well aligned atoms and minimizing the RMSD of this core. In a comparison of our method to Holm and Sander's DALI algorithm, our program was able to detect structural similarity at the same level as DALI. We also performed searches of a representative set of the Protein Data Bank (PDB) using our program and detected structurally similarity between several distantly related proteins.
A dictionary retrieval algorithm using two trie structures (1995)

Abstract The trie has the feature that the retrieval can be executed with the character symbols composing the key as the unit, and a high‐speed retrieval is realized independently of the total number of keys. Consequently, it used frequently in the search of the natural language dictionary and in other problems. A problem, however, is that the number of trie states increases with the enlargement of the key set, which necessitates a larger memory capacity. To remedy this point, DAWG (Directed Acyclic Word‐Graph) is proposed, where the common suffix of the tries is compressed. Then, a new problem arises in that the record information cannot be determined uniquely for the key. For this problem, this paper introduces a new structure, where the number of states is reduced by merging the common suffixes of the tries, while determining uniquely the record information for the key. The algorithm for retrieval, insertion and deletion of the key is proposed for the structure. In the proposed method, the set of keys is represented using two tries. One of the tries memorizes the prefix of the minimum length that can discriminate uniquely between the key from other keys. The other trie stores the suffixes of the remaining keys in order to merge the common suffix. A simulation is executed for various sets of keys such as Chinese character called Kanji, alphabets and Japanese Katakana characters, and it is seen that the number of states is reduced by approximately 30 to 65 percent for the key set of 50,000 words, compared to the ordinary trie.
Wave-field extrapolation by the linearly transformed wave equation (1986)

Abstract Many approximations to different order of the one-way scalar wave equation have been suggested in seismic imaging or modeling. Of these approximations, the first-order approximation, usually called the 15-degree equation, is most commonly used in industry because of its high efficiency. However, one common constraint of all these approximations is that they cannot handle large-angle events exactly. Through a linear transformation of the wave equation, the LInearly Transformed Wave EQuation (LITWEQ) is obtainable, without approximation. The LITWEQ has the form of the 15-degree equation. The solution to the LITWEQ is still a two-way wave solution. By imposing the boundary condition for upcoming (or downgoing) waves, the LITWEQ can be applied to seismic imaging (or modeling). Implementing the LITWEQ with a finite-differencing algorithm gives a 180-degree, or all-dip, finite-difference wave-extrapolation operator, which solves the angle limitation problem of conventional finite-difference methods.
Sketch-based image retrieval using angular partitioning (2004)

This paper presents a novel approach for sketch-based image retrieval based on low-level features. The approach enables measuring the similarity between a full color image and a simple black and white sketched query and needs no cost intensive image segmentation. The proposed method can cope with images containing several complex objects in an inhomogeneous background. Abstract images are obtained using strong edges of the model image and thinned outline of the sketched image. Angular-spatial distribution of pixels in the abstract images is then employed to extract new compact and effective features using Fourier transform. The extracted features are scale and rotation invariant and robust against translation. A collection of paintings and sketches (ART BANK) is used for testing the proposed method. The results are compared with three other well-known approaches within the literature. Experimental results show significant improvement in the recall ratio using the new features.
Effective Bandwidths for Stationary Sources (1995)

At a buffered switch in an ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) network it is important to know what combinations of different types of traffic can be carried simultaneously without risking more than a very small probability of overflowing the buffer. We show that a simple and serviceable measure of effective bandwidths may be computed for stationary traffic sources. For large buffers the effective bandwidth of a source is a function only of its mean rate, index of dispersion, and the size of the buffer.
Developing and implementing an appropriate surveillance system and organisation (2014)

The securities trading industry has evolved rapidly since the implementation of MiFID in 2007. With a growing regulatory framework and increased surveillance obligations for firms and venues, it is not an easy thing to come out on top. Implementing an appropriate, well-functioning surveillance system requires a firm to adapt the setup to specific conditions, and to find the right answer to all the questions related to the task. The objective of this article is to present to the reader a number of relevant principles and key areas that need to be taken into consideration when implementing and developing a system with sufficient technical capacity and well-trained, experienced staff able to protect your own organisation — as well as the rest of the market — from different types of market abuse and other trading malpractices. The article also traces the changes in the trading landscape since MiFID was implemented, with emphasis on automation, fragmentation and high frequency trading.