gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extremely low levels of genetic polymorphism in endosymbionts (<i>Buchnera</i>) of aphids (<i>Pemphigus</i>) (2002)

Molecular evolutionary studies have suggested that vertically transmitted endosymbionts are subject to accumulation of deleterious mutations through genetic drift. Predictions of this hypothesis for patterns of intraspecific polymorphism were borne out in the single relevant study available, on the symbiont Buchnera aphidicola of Uroleucon ambrosiae. In order to examine the generality of this result, we surveyed DNA sequence variation in Buchnera of the distantly related aphid, Pemphigus obesinymphae. In contrast to Uroleucon species, Pemphigus species have complex life cycles with few dispersal stages. Despite these differences, P. obesinymphae showed patterns of variation at two Buchnera loci and one mitochondrial locus that were remarkably similar to those reported previously for Buchnera of U. ambrosiae. In the western US, Buchnera was nearly monomorphic, and in the eastern US, synonymous divergence ranged from 0.08 to 0.16%. Most polymorphisms involved rare alleles, consistent with a recent range of ancestral polymorphism, probably due to demographic fluctuations in aphid populations. These results support the generality of small effective population size in Buchnera and their aphid hosts.
The stability between two HIV-1 RNA measurements one year apart and the relationship with HIV subtype in rural Uganda (2001)

We compared HIV-1 RNA levels using the nucleic acid sequenced based amplification (NASBA) test kit in 2 samples taken one year apart from participants infected with env subtype A or D in a population-based cohort in Uganda. Fifty participants were infected with subtype A and 70 with subtype D. HIV-1 RNA levels were significantly higher in subtype D unadjusted (P=0.001), and after adjusting for age, gender, and CD4 count (P<0.001). Eighty-six participants had HIV-1 RNA measurements in both years and 67 (78%) were within one log10 of their result a year before. There was no relationship between the difference in log viral load and proportion of CD4 change. Individuals infected with subtype D had a higher average increase in viral load and this was statistically significant if adjusted for baseline levels and CD4 count (P=0.015).
A thermostable tRNA (guanosine-2')-methyltransferase from Thermus thermophilus HB27 and the effect of ribose methylation on the conformational stability of tRNA. (1982)

An S-adenosylmethionine-=dependent tRNA (guanosine-2'-)-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.34) was purified to the homogeneous state (2,400-fold) from a cell-free extract of an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB27. The enzyme was highly resistant to heat as reported for other enzymes from thermophilic organism. The enzyme is monomeric and its molecular weight was estimated to be about 20,000. The Km values for S-adenosylmethionine and for Escherichia coli tRNAPhe were determined to be 0.47 microM and 10 nM, respectively, while the Ki for a competitive inhibitor S-adenosylhomocysteine, was 1.67 microM. When yeast tRNAPhe was methylated with the purified Gm-methyltransferase, a stoichiometric amount of methyl group was incorporated into the invariant guanosine at position 18 in the D-loop. Yeast tRNAPhe and E. coli tRNAMet, which were quantitatively methylated with the enzyme, were very similar to the native tRNAs with regard to amino acid acceptor activity and melting temperature, but were more resistant to RNase T1 and RNase A digestions than the corresponding native tRNAs.
Towards Provably-Secure Timed E-Commerce: The Trusted Delivery Layer. (2002)

hPost://amir.herzberg.name Certified exchange of messages is an essential mechanism for e-commerce; the timing aspects (timeouts and timestamps) are very important for practical applications. However existing formal methods for security analysis assume simplified completely synchronous or completely asynchronous models, and cannot deal with the timing aspects of these (and other e-commerce) protocols. We present model for realistic,-synchronized adversarial settings. We then present a simple, efficient and provably-secure protocol for certified, time-stamped message delivery, providing precise guarantees of delay and timestamps. Our model and analysis use concrete (rather than asymptotic) notions of security.
VH Gene Expression in CD5 Positive and CD5 Negative B Cell Chronic Lymphoid Malignancies (1997)

In this review, we report analyses of VH genes in mature B cell malignancies generally or occasionally bearing CD5 antigen such as B CLL, MCL, SLVL and PLL. In the majority of cases, B CLL and MCL use VH genes in germline configuration. However in some cases a higher rate of random mutations is observed. These differences are not related to CD5 expression but are accounted by Ig phenotype, since less mutations are observed in CLL cases expressing membrane mu delta, when compared to forms exclusively expressing membrane mu. PLL and SLVL cases display mutated V genes independently of CD5 expression. Although there is some evidence that CD5+ B cells constitute a separate lineage, the possibility that CD5 constitutes an activation marker cannot be ruled out. Indeed, CD5- B cells can be induced to differentiate into CD5+ B cells and VH gene analyses showed no significative differences between CD5+ and CD5- B cell lymphoproliferative disorders. In this review we have tried to examine B cell chronic malignancies on the basis of phenotype and VH gene usage. Thus we propose a tentative classification where these disorders are allocated according to these characteristics.
Upregulation of β<sub>3</sub>-Adrenoceptors and Altered Contractile Response to Inotropic Amines in Human Failing Myocardium (2001)

Opposite changes occur in beta(1)- and beta(3)-adrenoceptor abundance in the failing left ventricle, with an imbalance between their inotropic influences that may underlie the functional degradation of the human failing heart.
Usable Multi-factor Authentication and Risk-based Authorization (2015)

Abstract : This effort developed a set of usable authentication and authorization technologies that create a strong tie between transactional identity and physical identity. Specifically, the effort conducted psychometric studies on the end user perception of risk and used this to drive mechanisms to align end-user perception of risk with the actual value at-risk in transactions. Used sensors available on mobile phones to design multi-factor authentication based on a fusion of biometric sensors chosen for optimal performance. Explored how risk indicators and authentication interfaces will be securely implemented on mobile platforms. Investigated protocols to maintain the integrity and liveness of biometric data, enhance d user trust in the authentication process, and balanced the security requirements of the user and the service provider.
Changes in the Structure of the Microbial Community Associated with Nannochloropsis salina following Treatments with Antibiotics and Bioactive Compounds (2016)

Open microalgae cultures host a myriad of bacteria, creating a complex system of interacting species that influence algal growth and health. Many algal microbiota studies have been conducted to determine the relative importance of bacterial taxa to algal culture health and physiological states, but these studies have not characterized the interspecies relationships in the microbial communities. We subjected Nanochroloropsis salina cultures to multiple chemical treatments (antibiotics and quorum sensing compounds) and obtained dense time-series data on changes to the microbial community using 16S gene amplicon metagenomic sequencing (21,029,577 reads for 23 samples) to measure microbial taxa-taxa abundance correlations. Short-term treatment with antibiotics resulted in substantially larger shifts in the microbiota structure compared to changes observed following treatment with signaling compounds and glucose. We also calculated operational taxonomic unit (OTU) associations and generated OTU correlation networks to provide an overview of possible bacterial OTU interactions. This analysis identified five major cohesive modules of microbiota with similar co-abundance profiles across different chemical treatments. The Eigengenes of OTU modules were examined for correlation with different external treatment factors. This correlation-based analysis revealed that culture age (time) and treatment types have primary effects on forming network modules and shaping the community structure. Additional network analysis detected Alteromonadeles and Alphaproteobacteria as having the highest centrality, suggesting these species are "keystone" OTUs in the microbial community. Furthermore, we illustrated that the chemical tropodithietic acid, which is secreted by several species in the Alphaproteobacteria taxon, is able to drastically change the structure of the microbiota within 3 h. Taken together, these results provide valuable insights into the structure of the microbiota associated with N. salina cultures and how these structures change in response to chemical perturbations.
Subject-related risk factors for sports injuries: a 1-yr prospective study in young adults (1996)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the importance of subject-related risk factors for sports injuries, taking exposure time into account. At baseline in 182 healthy males and females (27 yr) the following subject-related risk factors were assessed: body mass index (BMI), maximal oxygen uptake (direct treadmill measurement), seven aspects of neuromotor fitness (MOPER fitness test), strength of the hamstring and quadriceps muscles (CYBEX), having sustained a sports injury in the 12 months preceding the baseline measurement ("previous injury"), and 16 psychological and psychosocial factors (measured with 8 standard, valid, and reliable questionnaires). For 1 yr, subjects were asked to make daily entries on a monthly log concerning all sports activities exceeding an intensity of 4 MET and all sustained sport injuries. Completed logs were returned by 139 subjects (75 males and 64 females). Fifty-one injuries were registered in 41 subjects. The overall incidence rate (IR) was 3.7 sports injuries per 1000 h of sports participation (95% confidence interval 2.8-4.9). For various subcategories, the following IR per 1000 h of sports participation were calculated: contact sports IR = 11.0 (95% CI 7.4-16.3); noncontact sports IR = 2.3% (95% CI 1.6-3.3); competition IR = 13.4 (95% CI 8.7-20.6); and training IR = 2.8 (95% CI 1.6-5.1). Data were analyzed by stepwise multiple logistic regression. The following five variables were independent and significant (P < 0.05) predictors of risk in sustaining a sport injury: dominance (odds ratio (OR) = 1.71; 95% CI = 1.44-2.03), vital exhaustion (OR = 1.85; CI = 1.22-2.86), stressful life events (OR = 1.84; 95% CI = 1.10-311); these ORs were calculated for an increase of 10% of the range of obtained scores, starting at minimum value. For total sporting time, the OR was calculated by taking the group with a total sporting time below the median (4050 h) as a reference (OR = 6.87; 95% CI = 2.09-22.55). For previous injury, subjects that had not sustained a sports injury in the 12 months preceding the baseline measurements served as a reference for the calculation of the OR (OR = 9.41; 95% CI = 2.80-31.58). These findings confirm that both exposure time and previous injury are more important predictors of sports injuries than psychological, psychosocial, physiological, and anthropometrical factors.
A Distinction Technology for Harmful Web Documents by Rates (2006)

웹의 개방성은 사람들로 하여금 언제, 어디서든 손쉽게 유용한 정보를 획득할 수 있게끔 하였다. 하지만 인터넷은 유용한 정보의 손쉬운 활용이라는 순기능과 더불어 사회적으로 통제를 필요로 하는 유해한 정보 역시 인터넷을 이용하는 이용자들에게 무차별적으로 제공함으로써 역기능을 발생시키고 있다. 성인 컨텐츠 같은 정보들은 모든 사용자들, 특히 청소년들에게 악영향을 미칠 수 있다. 또한, 변태적인 성인 사이트들이 담고 있는 컨텐츠들은 성인들의 정신 건강에도 해를 미치게 된다. 한편, 인터넷은 전 세계적으로 연결된 개방망이므로 유해정보 제공자를 각국의 법적, 제도적 장치를 이용하여 규제하는데 한계가 있다. 또한, 유해 사이트, 유해성 스팸 메일, P2P 등 다양한 경로를 통해 유해 정보를 접할 수 있기 때문에, 어떤 시스템에 특화된 유해정보 분류기술을 개발하는 것은 바람직하지 않다. 따라서, 유해정보의 내용 자체에 기반하여 유해 여부를 자동으로 판별할 수 있는 유해정보 판별 핵심 기술의 연구 및 개발의 중요성이 점차 부각되고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 내용 기반 기술을 이용한 효율적인 유해 웹 문서 텍스트 판별 시스템을 제시한다. The openness of the Web allows any user to access almost any type of information easily at any time and anywhere. However, with function of easy access for useful information, internet has dysfunctions of providing users with harmful contents indiscriminately. Some information, such as adult content, is not appropriate for all users, notably children. Additionally for adults, some contents included in abnormal porn sites can do ordinary people's mental health harm. In the meantime, since Internet is a worldwide open network it has a limit to regulate users providing harmful contents through each countrie's national laws or systems. Additionally it is not a desirable way of developing a certain system-specific classification technology for harmful contents, because internet users can contact with them in diverse way, for example, porn sites, harmful spams, or peer-to-peer networks, etc. Therefore, it is being emphasized to research and develop context-based core technologies for classifying harmful contents. In this paper, we propose an efficient text filter for blocking harmful texts of web documents using context-based technologies.
Measurement advances for micro-refractive fabrication (2005)

Micro-refractive lenses are an important example of components and subsystems that are being used increasingly in optical sensors, communications, data storage, and other diverse applications. These lenses have a continuous relief surface such that details of their dimensional shape, refractive index, and homogeneity all influence performance. Measurement capabilities for micro-refractives fall short of current and future needs and are complicated by the need to fabricate non-spherical refractive surfaces. To control the fabrication process, the target measurement uncertainties are approximately 3 parts in 10<sup>-4</sup> for radius and on the nanometer scale for figure measurements. Carrying out metrology at this level is very challenging and especially so for micro-scale components. Micro-interferometry is the most promising tool and can be used to measure radius of curvature, focal length, dimensional surface errors, and transmitted wavefront. Common practice is to calibrate with a single high quality artifact for measurements of a range of different radii, and we see that this is only approximately valid. Figure measurement calibration, for example, will be improved if the radius of the calibration artifact closely matches the radii of the test lenses, but acquiring such a range of artifacts is not practical. We have demonstrated the application of a self-calibration procedure for figure measurement and transmitted wavefront measurement calibration, called the random ball test. Radius measurements on the micro-scale are also challenging. Our research focuses on measurement advances for refractive components and new data analysis strategies to optimize the impact of measurement results.
The Bacteriology of Pleural Infection by Genetic and Standard Methods and Its Mortality Significance (2006)

Pleural infection differs bacteriologically from pneumonia and requires different treatment. Antibiotics for community-acquired infection should treat aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Hospital-acquired, gram-negative S. aureus and mixed aerobic infections have a high mortality rate.
Outcomes of Two Trials of Oxygen-Saturation Targets in Preterm Infants (2016)

Use of an oxygen-saturation target range of 85 to 89% versus 91 to 95% resulted in nonsignificantly higher rates of death or disability at 2 years in each trial but in significantly increased risks of this combined outcome and of death alone in post hoc combined analyses. (Funded by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council and others; BOOST-II Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN00842661, and Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number, ACTRN12605000055606.).
Magnetic Priming of a Relativistic Magnetron Utilizing Ferromagnetic Wires in the Cathode and Anode (2007)

Magnetic priming experiments on the UM/ L-3-Titan relativistic magnetron (100 MW in L-band, -300 kV, ~3 kGauss), have shown suppression of unwanted modes and major reduction in starting currents for the pi-mode. Data from continuing experiments on magnetic priming at the cathode will be presented, as well as preliminary data on magnetic priming at the cathode and anode. Azimuthally-varying, axial-magnetic-perturbations are generated by three, 4 cm or 6 cm-long Mu-metal wires located just below the surface of 0.86 mm wall-thickness stainless steel tubing. The electron-emitting surface of the stainless steel is laser machined for field emission. Magnetic perturbations applied only at the cathode decay with increasing radius, hi order to maintain magnetic perturbations across the entire A-K gap, we also install three, magnetic-priming, Mu-metal wires inside holes drilled in the anode structure. Magnetostatics calculations have been performed for the case of magnetic wires embedded in the cathode and in the anode. Simulation results show strong perturbations at the cathode surface, which fall off slightly at small radii, but grow in intensity as the anode surface is approached. Data demonstrate that magnetic priming at the cathode significantly lowers (average factor of 2.5) the range of starting currents for pi-mode generation. The percentage of pi-mode shots was also increased by magnetic priming at the cathode by as much as 60% over unprimed shots. Experiments are reported concerning the effects of magnetic priming at both cathode and anode.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Reaction Catalyzed by Chiral Metal Complexes. Part 61. Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Amination Using Novel Types of Chiral Bisphosphine Ligands (BHMPs). (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Static conflict analysis for multi-threaded object-oriented programs (2003)

A compiler for multi-threaded object-oriented programs needs information about the sharing of objects for a variety of reasons: to implement optimizations, to issue warnings, to add instrumentation to detect access violations that occur at runtime. An Object Use Graph (OUG) statically captures accesses from different threads to objects. An OUG extends the Heap Shape Graph (HSG), which is a compile-time abstraction for runtime objects (nodes) and their reference relations (edges). An OUG specifies for a specific node in the HSG a partial order of events relevant to the corresponding runtime object(s). Relevant events include read and write access, object escape, thread start and join.OUGs have been implemented in a Java compiler. Initial experience shows that OUGs are effective to identify object accesses that potentially conflict at runtime and isolate accesses that never cause a problem at runtime. The capabilities of OUGs are compared with an advanced program analysis that has been used for lock elimination. For the set of benchmarks investigated here, OUGs report only a fraction of shared objects as conflicting and reduce the number of compile-time reports in terms of allocation sites of conflicting objects by 28--92% (average 64%). For benchmarks of up to 30 KLOC, the time taken to construct OUGs is, with one exception, in the order of seconds.The information collected in the OUG has been used to instrument Java programs with checks for object races. OUGs provide precise information about object sharing and static protection, so runtime instrumentation that checks those cases that cannot be disambiguated at compile-time is sparse, and the total runtime overhead of checking for object races is only 3--86% (average 47%).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Hydrotalcite‐Like Compound Containing V3+ Ions in the Layers. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<i>o</i>-Quinone Methides via Oxone-Mediated Benzofuran Oxidative Dearomatization and Their Intramolecular Cycloaddition with Carbonyl Groups: An Expeditious Construction of the Central Tetracyclic Core of Integrastatins, Epicoccolide A, and Epicocconigrone A (2016)

The intramolecular cycloaddition of o-quinone methides (o-QMs) with a carbonyl group has been envisaged and executed successfully in the context of constructing the complex and rare [6,6,6,6]-tetracyclic core found in the integrastatins, epicoccolide A, and epicocconigrone A. These transient o-QMs were generated easily from the oxidative dearomatization of the corresponding C2-(aryl)benzofuran by employing Oxone in acetone–water at rt. The subsequent cycloaddition with the carbonyl (or conjugated olefin) present on the C2-aryl group was spontaneous.
Effects of ${\hbox{CNT/BaTiO}}_{3}$ Composite Particles Prepared by Mechanical Process on Dielectric Properties of Epoxy Hybrid Films (2008)

A new type of composite filler mechanically treated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and (BT) particles was prepared to produce higher dielectric properties in the composite. The hybrid film fabricated by incorporating these composite fillers in an epoxy matrix had a high dielectric constant and similar dielectric loss as compared to the composite which contained neat BT particles. The dielectric properties of these hybrid films were found to be dependent on both the content of MWNTs and mechanical processing time. Results suggest that this novel hybrid film composed of the composite filler and the epoxy matrix can be used for embedded capacitor material.
Stress‐Induced Voiding (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Theory and Model Role of the Overlying Dielectric Summary of Voiding in Al Metallizations Stress Voiding in Cu Interconnects Concluding Remarks References
The influence of energy content and its outputs on the impact sensitivity of high-nitrogen energetic materials (2020)

On 15 high nitrogen and three polynitrated polyazaarenes (including six azido-derivatives), the paper demonstrates the relations between their impact sensitivities (Edr) on the one hand and the volume heats (ρQmax) or a representative of detonation pressure (ρD2) of their explosion or their enthalpies of formation (ΔHform) on the other. The semi-logarithmic subrelations between the Edr and ρQmax values are limited by the mechanism of primary fission. While the mentioned relations between Edr and ρQmax values for azido derivatives predominantly show the expected course, in the case of the remaining high-nitrogen EMs, the opposite is the case, i.e., an increase in ρQmax values corresponds to a decrease in impact sensitivity. The same is valid for ρD2 values as an independent variable. Taking the energy content of the studied EM molecules, represented by ΔHform values, instead of the heat of explosion, yields unambiguous semilogarithmic relations, according to which the growth of the ΔHform values increases impact sensitivity. The results obtained indicate that it is necessary to distinguish between the influences of the performance and the energetic content of high-nitrogen energetic materials on their initiation reactivity.
Eye-head coordination: new data in trained cats (1984)

The characteristics of gaze displacement in alert head free cats are still not well documented. We have therefore analysed coordinated eye-head movements in cats trained to acquire and fixate small spots of light rear-projected upon a tangent screen.