gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel role for C3 in antibody-induced red blood cell clearance and antigen modulation (2013)

Hemolytic transfusion reactions (HTRs) due to incompatible red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are a leading cause of transfusion associated death. Although many transfused incompatible RBCs are cleared, some remain in circulation despite the presence of RBC-specific antibodies, potentially due to "antigen modulation." With a goal of better understanding incompatible RBC clearance, we generated a murine model with RBC-specific expression of a clinically significant human antigen (KEL2) known to be involved in antigen modulation as well as in HTRs. Wild-type (WT) recipients transfused with transgenic KEL2 RBCs generated anti-KEL glycoprotein alloantibodies, which fixed complement, led to intravascular hemolysis, and resulted in decreased levels of KEL2 antigen detectable on cells remaining in circulation. Antigen modulation did not appear to solely reflect removal of RBCs with higher antigen expression, because cells continued to display antigen modulation in the absence of significant clearance. Recipients genetically lacking complement exhibited lesser degrees of incompatible RBC clearance and antigen modulation in comparison with WT or FcγR knock-out (KO) animals, suggesting a role for complement in RBC clearance. In summary, this HTR model may serve as a platform to test strategies to downmodulate antigen and inhibit incompatible RBC clearance, thus potentially mitigating transfusion dangers.
A method to detect areas high in sulfhydryl groups in mouse epithelium (1993)

We have recently modified a non-fluorescent, non-radioactive histochemical method to detect sulfhydryl (S-H) groups in tissues. This method was originally intended to detect chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) in transgenic mice. Temporal developmental differences in the keratinization of mouse digits can be seen in the staining pattern of the skin about the toes of neonatal mice. The basal cells of the epidermis exposed to the air show intense staining while the epidermis that is still attached to an adjacent toe shows no staining. The degree of S-H presence can be determined by the tissues' resistance to blocking of the S-H groups by iodoacetic acid. Areas that contain very high numbers of S-H groups still show staining following blocking by iodoacetic acid. We have found that this method shows clear differences in the S-H distribution of various epithelium, including skin, hair, nails, and tongue epithelium.
Morphologic and functional tubular changes in chronic glomerulonephritis. (1983)

In 135 patients with different glomerular diseases but normal glomerular filtration rates (CCr and In = 103 +/- 2ml/min) correlations between morphological tubular lesions (tic) and changes in tubular function were investigated. Between the extent of tubular lesions and the impairment of specific tubular functions (formula; see text) exists a highly significant correlation. The combined diminution in Uosmmax and UNH4 + V reflects in 72 per cent the appearance of a severe tubular lesion and should be used for its clinical recognition.
Design of Porosity Level for Porous Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Ceramics Manufactured by Nitriding and Post-Sintering of Si Powder Compact (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Efficient Generation of Cavitation Bubbles in Gel Phantom by Ultrasound Exposure with Negative-Followed by Positive-Peak-Pressure-Emphasized Waves (2013)

Cavitation bubbles have much potential for emphasizing therapeutic treatments such as high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment, histotripsy, and sonodynamic therapy. Their highly efficient as well as controlled generation is important to utilize them effectively as well as safely. However, producing negative pressure over the cavitation threshold by focused ultrasound is difficult because of the nonlinear propagation combined with the focal phase shift. We have suggested a dual-frequency ultrasound exposure method, in which N- and P-waves emphasizing either the peak negative or positive pressure, respectively, are synthesized by superimposing the second harmonic onto the fundamental frequency. In this study, high-speed camera observation demonstrated that the exposure with N-waves immediately followed by P-waves could generate cavitation bubbles most efficiently in gel phantom. Furthermore, the measured negative and positive pressure distributions of the N- and P-wave fields, respectively, agreed well with the optically observed distributions of cavitation inception and cavitation cloud growth.
Anti-inflammatory 17β-Thioalkyl-16α,17α-ketal and -acetal Androstanes:  A New Class of Airway Selective Steroids for the Treatment of Asthma (1996)

The synthesis and anti-inflammatory potencies of a new class of 17beta-thioalkyl-16alpha,17alpha-ketal and -acetal androstanes are described. This new class of steroids was made by fragmentation of 2-thioxo-1,2-dihydropyrid-1-yl esters of the corresponding 17-acids to the 17-radical. The radical generated was trapped using a variety of radicophilic disulfides, giving a steroidal D-ring having acetal or ketal functionality at C-16 and C-17, together with a sulfide link at C-17. Compounds from this series bind to the glucocorticoid receptor with high potency and are functional agonists as measured by their ability to induce tyrosine aminotransferase activity in a rat hepatic cell line in vitro. These 17beta-thioalkyl androstanes potently inhibit Sephadex-induced rat lung inflammation when administered directly into the airways. The high topical potency, together with a low propensity to induce systemic glucocorticoid-like side effects (rat thymus involution), provides the present compounds with a high degree of airway selectivity compared with currently available inhaled glucocorticoids. The presently described 17beta-thioalkyl-16alpha,17alpha-ketal androstanes may be useful for therapies for inflammatory diseases such as asthma.
Long-term Prognosis following Ventricular Fibrillation in Acute Ischaemic Heart Disease (1970)

Of 160 patients who survived ventricular fibrillation complicating acute ischaemic heart disease, 80 had had a clinically mild coronary attack. Most of the long-term survivors had ventricular fibrillation within 24 hours of the onset of symptoms. The longterm prognosis of the survivors was similar to that of patients whose myocardial infarction was not complicated by ventricular fibrillation. Those patients who survived ventricular fibrillation which occurred within four hours of the onset of symptoms were younger, usually had had a mild coronary attack, and had the most favourable longterm prognosis. The number of episodes of ventricular fibrillation did not affect adversely the long-term prognosis. Of those who at the time of review were eligible to work, 86% were fit to work and 68% were actually at work.
Structure Determination of the Ras-Binding Domain of the Ral-Specific Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor Rlf<sup>,</sup> (1998)

Ral-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors RalGDS, Rgl, and Rlf have been suggested to function as intermediates between Ras and Ral pathways by being able to bind Ras proteins through their C-terminal Ras-binding domains (RBD). The RBDs of RalGDS and of the Ser/Thr kinase c-Raf-1 have been shown to have the same tertiary structure. In contrast to the RBDs of Raf and RalGDS, which bind either Ras or Rap with high affinity, Rlf-RBD has a similar affinity for both GTP-binding proteins. To be able to compare these RBDs on a structural level, we have solved the three-dimensional structure of Rlf-RBD by NMR spectroscopy. The overall tertiary structure of Rlf-RBD shows the betabetaalphabetabetaalphabeta-fold of the ubiquitin superfamily and is very similar to that of RalGDS-RBD. The binding interface of Rlf-RBD to Ras was mapped using chemical shift analysis and indicated a binding mode similar to that in the case of Rap.Raf-RBD. However, comparison of the putatively interacting regions revealed structural differences which are proposed to be responsible for the different substrate affinities of Rlf-, RalGDS-, and Raf-RBD.
Realism, Instrumentalism, and Scientific Symbiosis: Psychological Theory as a Search for Truth and the Discovery of Solutions. (2004)

Scientific realism holds that scientific theories are approximations of universal truths about reality, whereas scientific instrumentalism posits that scientific theories are intellectual structures that provide adequate predictions of what is observed and useful frameworks for answering questions and solving problems in a given domain. These philosophical perspectives have different strengths and weaknesses and have been regarded as incommensurate: Scientific realism fosters theoretical rigor, verifiability, parsimony, and debate, whereas scientific instrumentalism fosters theoretical innovation, synthesis, generativeness, and scope. The authors review the evolution of scientific realism and instrumentalism in psychology and propose that the categorical distinction between the 2 is overstated as a prescription for scientific practice. The authors propose that the iterative deployment of these 2 perspectives, just as the iterative application of inductive and deductive reasoning in science, may promote more rigorous, integrative, cumulative, and useful scientific theories.
Rare relapsed extrapulmonary hydatid disease. (2007)

Hydatid cysts are rarely seen at the extrapulmonary sites. We report relapsed hydatid cysts with abdominal origin in a 25 years old woman. Over 1000 Hydatid cysts were removed through right posterolateral thoracotomy without any complications. Only very few cases are reported in the literature.
Fusion protein analysis reveals the precise regulation between Hsp70 and Hsp100 during protein disaggregation (2017)

ClpB, a bacterial Hsp100, is a ring-shaped AAA+ chaperone that can reactivate aggregated proteins in cooperation with DnaK, a bacterial Hsp70, and its co-factors. ClpB subunits comprise two AAA+ modules with an interstitial rod-shaped M-domain. The M-domain regulates ClpB ATPase activity and interacts directly with the DnaK nucleotide-binding domain (NBD). Here, to clarify how these functions contribute to the disaggregation process, we constructed ClpB, DnaK, and aggregated YFP fusion proteins in various combinations. Notably, i) DnaK activates ClpB only when the DnaK substrate-binding domain (SBD) is in the closed conformation, affording high DnaK-peptide affinity; ii) although NBD alone can activate ClpB, SBD is required for disaggregation; and iii) tethering aggregated proteins to the activated ClpB obviates SBD requirements. These results indicate that DnaK activates ClpB only when the SBD tightly holds aggregated proteins adjacent to ClpB for effective disaggregation.
Characterization of Two New Structural Glycoproteins, GP <sub>3</sub> and GP <sub>4</sub> , of Equine Arteritis Virus (2002)

Equine arteritis virus (EAV) is an enveloped, positive-stranded RNA virus belonging to the family Arteriviridae of the order Nidovirales. Four envelope proteins have hitherto been identified in EAV particles: the predominant membrane proteins M and G(L), the unglycosylated small envelope protein E, and the nonabundant membrane glycoprotein G(S). In this study, we established that the products of EAV open reading frame 3 (ORF3) and ORF4 (designated GP(3) and GP(4), respectively) are also minor structural glycoproteins. The proteins were first characterized by various analyses after in vitro translation of RNA transcripts in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate in the presence and absence of microsomal membranes. We subsequently expressed ORF3 and -4 in baby hamster kidney cells by using the vaccinia virus expression system and, finally, analyzed the GP(3) and GP(4) proteins synthesized in EAV-infected cells. The results showed that GP(4) is a class I integral membrane protein of 28 kDa with three functional N-glycosylation sites and with little, if any, of its carboxy terminus exposed. Both after independent expression and in EAV-infected cells, the protein localizes in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), as demonstrated biochemically by analysis of its oligosaccharide side chains and as visualized directly by immunofluorescence studies. GP(3), on the other hand, is a heavily glycosylated protein whose hydrophobic amino terminus is not cleaved off. It is an integral membrane protein anchored by either or both of its hydrophobic terminal domains and with no parts detectably exposed cytoplasmically. Also, GP(3) localizes in the ER when expressed independently and in the context of an EAV infection. Only a small fraction of the GP(3) and GP(4) proteins synthesized in infected cells ends up in virions. Most, but not all, of the oligosaccharides of these virion glycoproteins are biochemically mature. Our results bring the number of EAV envelope proteins to six.
Multi-Scale Approach for Designing New Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals with Nonlinear Optical Properties (2012)

Macroscopic nonlinear optical (NLO) properties can arise due to the presence of a polar axis in chiral smectic C phases. A specific molecular design, based on a multi-scale approach, is suggested to induce valuable NLO responses. The design actually proceeds through two principal steps. Firstly, at the empirical design stage, one needs to propose a series of molecules with structures which fit the Boulder model. The second step, the rational design, corresponds to the multi-scale approach. ab initio and atomistic simulations are thus used to avoid difficulties in computing the distribution functions required to compare molecular and macroscopic NLO properties.
The meshing of timing belt teeth in pulley grooves (1997)

Abstract The work described here has been carried out to obtain a better understanding of the tooth root cracking failure mode of timing belts. Previous work has demonstrated the close dependence of this on the tooth deflections of fully meshed teeth, generated by torque transmission, but has not considered the additional distortions generated in the partially meshed conditions at entry to and exit from a pulley groove. Approximate compatibility and constitutive equations are combined with a rigorous consideration of tooth equilibrium in partial meshing to show how bending moments are generated at both exit from a driven pulley and entry to a driving pulley. Experimentally determined belt lives correlate very well with a combined measure of fully meshed tooth strain and strain due to bending at entry or exit. The analysis also shows that this strain measure reduces with increasing belt tooth stiffness, confirming the importance of a high tooth stiffness for a long belt life. Tooth force variations through the partial meshing cycle have also been predicted and compared with measurements obtained from a special strain gauge instrumented pulley. A greater pulley rotation than is predicted is required for a belt tooth to seat in a pulley groove. There is room for improvement in the modelling.
Simultaneous optical comb frequency stabilization and super-mode noise suppression of harmonically mode-locked semiconductor ring laser using an intracavity etalon (2004)

Using an intracavity Pound-Drever-Hall technique, simultaneous optical frequency comb stabilization within /spl plusmn/3-MHz range and super-mode phase noise suppression were demonstrated for a 10-GHz harmonically mode-locked semiconductor ring laser. Together with an additional phase-lock loop, timing jitter integrated from 10 Hz to 10 MHz (5 GHz) was 63.5 fs (161 fs).
Recent Technologies Usher in New Era of Coastal Geomorphology Research (2009)

Research in the field of coastal geomorphology has been energized by the development of two new complementary high‐spatial‐resolution technologies: swath bathymetry sonar systems (SBSSs), and process‐based numerical models (PBNMs) of hydrodynamics, sediment transport, and morphodynamics. The combination and integration of the two should lead to rapid expansion of scientific understanding of the genesis and evolution of morphology in coastal regions, the accretion and erosion of coastlines, and the effects of climate change on fluvial systems, estuaries, and coasts. For example, dredging shipping channels and harbors, protecting coastal property from erosion, evaluating risks due to coastal flooding, and other chronic and enduring societal problems can now be approached with new optimism due to the high spatial resolution of SBSSs and PBNMs.
Dispersion of the Electrically Induced Refractive-Index Anisotropy in Nonpolar Liquids as a Probe of Reaction Kinetics (1970)

The theory of the dispersion of the refractive-index anisotropy induced in nonpolar fluids by external electric fields is extended to the case of chemically reacting fluids. Explicit expressions for the induced anisotropy are derived for a model nonpolar fluid with (1) no pair correlations, (2) rotational diffusion dynamics, and (3) a simple two-state (or species) chemical equilibrium. Limiting cases of the results are discussed.
<i>MiR‐182</i> overexpression in tumourigenesis of high‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma (2012)

Molecular pathogenesis of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HG-SOC) is poorly understood. Recent recognition of HG-SOC precursor lesions, defined as serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) in fimbria, provides a new venue for the study of early genetic changes in HG-SOC. Using microRNA profiling analysis, we found that miR-182 expression was significantly higher in STIC than in matched normal Fallopian tube. Further study revealed that miR-182 was significantly overexpressed in most HG-SOC cases. To test whether miR-182 plays a major role in early tumourigenesis of HG-SOC, we overexpressed miR-182 in immortalized ovarian surface, Fallopian tube secretory cells and malignant ovarian cell lines, and found that miR-182 overexpression resulted in increased tumour transformation in vitro, and enhanced tumour invasiveness in vitro and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that the oncogenic properties of miR-182 in ovarian cancer were mediated in part by its impaired repair of DNA double-strand breaks and negative regulation of breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and metastasis suppressor 1 (MTSS1) expression as well as its positive regulation of the oncogene high-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2). Our findings suggest that miR-182 dysregulation confers powerful oncogenic potential in the tumourigenesis of HG-SOC. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IMPROVEMENT OF TRANSPERINEAL IMPLANT DOSIMETRY BY INTRAOPERATIVE CYSTOSCOPIC CONFIRMATION OF PROSTATE ANATOMY (2000)

While the clinical efficacy of improved target coverage on local control and survival awaits further clinical investigation, we encourage others to adopt this easy technique to ensure better, more consistent interstitial implants.
Highlights: Ventures in freshman chemistry (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHighlights: Ventures in freshman chemistryJames M. Farrar , Richard Eisenberg , and J. A. Kampmeier Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 10, 847Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 October 1993Published inissue 1 October 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/ed070p847RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views44Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (898 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
On 2,5-Dichloropyrazine<sup>1</sup> (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleOn 2,5-Dichloropyrazine1Giorgio Palamidessi and Luigi BernardiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 8, 2491–2492Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01031a536https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01031a536research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views442Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of Dopamine Agonists and Antagonists on DOPA Formation in the Substantia Nigra (1982)

The effect of different psychotropic drugs on the rate of DOPA accumulation after administration of a decarboxylase inhibitor (NSD 1015) was compared in the substantia nigra (SN) and caudate nucleus (CN) by a new radioenzymatic method. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase with pargyline or stimulation of dopamine (DA) receptors with apomorphine, N-n-propylnorapomorphine or D-amphetamine reduced DOPA formation in the CN and SN to the same extent. Vice versa, both inhibition of DA receptors with haloperidol or (-)sulpiride and depletion of DA concentration with reserpine enhanced DOPA formation to a greater extent in the CN than in the SN. Apomorphine antagonized not only the effect of haloperidol and (-)sulpiride, but also, and even more effectively, that of reserpine. The results indicate that DA synthesis in the SN is controlled by both end-product inhibition and DA receptor-mediated mechanisms.
Over the Last Good While (2014)

Since winning the 2005 NSK Prize, Brian Doyle has been working to guard and conserve memory for future generations by recording his times in writing.
Modelling and measurement of surface impurity profiles of laterally diffused regions (1978)

Analytic solutions for two-dimensional diffused profiles are obtained for a drive-in in an inert ambient and in an oxidizing ambient. For both cases, the impurity profiles have the same lateral dependence. An experiment which extracts the surface impurity profile near a diffusion mask edge is described. Test structures for this purpose have been fabricated using a CMOS process.