gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Separation of four flavonol glycosides from <i>Solanum rostratum</i> Dunal using aqueous two‐phase flotation followed by preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography (2016)

Aqueous two-phase flotation followed by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography was used to separate four flavonol glycosides from Solanum rostratum Dunal. In the aqueous two-phase flotation section, the effects of sublation solvent, solution pH, (NH<sub>4</sub> )<sub>2</sub> SO<sub>4</sub> concentration in aqueous solution, cosolvent, N<sub>2</sub> flow rate, flotation time, and volumes of the polyethylene glycol phase on the recovery were investigated in detail, and the optimal conditions were selected: 50 wt% polyethylene glycol 1000 ethanol solvent as the flotation solvent, pH 4, 350 g/L of (NH<sub>4</sub> )<sub>2</sub> SO<sub>4</sub> concentration in aqueous phase, 40 mL/min of N<sub>2</sub> flow rate, 30 min of flotation time, 10.0 mL of flotation solvent volume, and two times. After aqueous two-phase flotation concentration, the flotation products were purified by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. The purities of the final products A and B were 98.1 and 99.0%. Product B was the mixture of three compounds based on the analysis of high-performance liquid chromatography at the temperature of 10°C, while product A was hyperoside after the identification by nuclear magnetic resonance. Astragalin, 3'-O-methylquercetin 3-O-β-d-galactopyranoside, and 3'-O-methylquercetin 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside were obtained with the purity of 93.8, 97.1, and 99.2%, respectively, after the further separation of product B using preparative high-performance liquid chromatography.
An analysis of maximum mandibular movements, craniofacial relationships and temporomandibular joint awareness in children. (1991)

This paper evaluates the relationship between maximum mandibular vertical opening and the following variables: chronological age, craniomandibular relationships, and temporomandibular joint awareness in children. The range of mandibular movement was evaluated in 189 children between the ages of 4 and 14 years, using the method of Agerberg. Measurements were found to be accurate and reliable only in the vertical plane. Cephalometric tracings were made on 131 of the subjects. Significant relationships were noted for maximum vertical opening with age, anterior facial height, and mandibular length. A temporomandibular joint awareness questionnaire was verbally given to all subjects with no parental input. Responses to the questionnaire were found to be unreliable, based upon a retest of 25 subjects one month later. It is noteworthy that all of the changes in responses on the retest were to the same question, "Does your jaw ever feel tired?"
Assessment of an Aural Infrared Sensor for Body Temperature Measurement in Children (1990)

A newly marketed device measures body temperature using an ear probe that detects infrared radiation from the tympanic membrane. It is simple to use and gives a reading in 1-2 seconds. Its accuracy was evaluated in a group of children, aged 1 month through 10 years, by comparing it with either rectal (n = 65), or oral (n = 48) temperatures obtained with a standard electronic thermometer, IVAC (San Diego, CA). The average elapsed time between readings was 11 minutes. Overall, 60 rectal and 40 oral temperatures (88.5%) were higher with IVAC than with the aural sensor. The difference ranged from -0.7 degrees C to +2.5 degrees C. The correlations between the infrared ear-probe values and the rectal and oral temperature readings were 0.77 and 0.75, respectively. Because the average reading using the aural sensor was lower than that using the IVAC, the sensitivity of the aural sensor for detecting clinically important levels of fever was low. None of seven patients with a rectal temperature of 39 degrees C or more and only 7 of 27 with a rectal temperature of 38 degrees C or more were identified by the aural sensor as having temperatures above these cutoff levels. Similarly, none of three patients with an oral temperature of 39 degrees C or more and only three of eight with an oral temperature of 38 degrees C or more were identified correctly by the aural sensor. The authors conclude that the aural sensor is unsatisfactory for detecting clinically significant fevers in a pediatric outpatient setting.
Arteriovenous Fistula Obstruction and Expression of Platelet Receptors for Von Willebrand Factor and for Fibrinogen (Glycoproteins GPIb and GPIIb/llla) in Hemodialysis Patients (1996)

Platelet surface receptors for von Willebrand factor and for fibrinogen (glycoproteins GPIb and GPIIb/IIIa) were studied with monoclonal antibodies CD42 and CD41 and cytofluorometry in 31 healthy subjects, 10 hemodialysis patients with no A-V fistula obstruction (patent original fistula), 10 hemodialysis patients with frequent A-V fistula obstruction (more than twice), 12 patients with mild chronic renal failure (creatinine 1.75 +/- 0.40 mg/100 ml), 11 patients with advanced chronic renal failure (creatinine 5.62 +/- 1.22 mg/100 ml), and 10 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) treated with peritoneal dialysis. There was a significant increase of platelet surface glycoproteins GPIb and GPIIb/IIIa in the population of hemodialysis patients with frequent A-V fistula obstruction. The expression of these platelet receptors might be related to the prothrombotic tendency of a group of patients with ESRD, who suffer more occlusive and thrombotic events of the A-V fistula. This group of patients may also have a higher frequency of systemic thrombotic and atherosclerotic complications.
Introduction (1991)

Over the past few years a number of well-publicised frauds have contributed to a sense of unease in the financial sector about the security of the information on which most of us rely. Most of these frauds have made use of a computer. However the vast majority were computer-assisted rather than direct attacks on a computer system, and were essentially old-fashioned frauds which could have been perpetrated with a similar effect in a noncomputer environment. The result of these activities—a questioning of the effectiveness of existing security procedures—can only be seen from a longterm perspective as beneficial.KeywordsFinancial ServiceSecurity RequirementSecurity MeasureSecurity BreachBuilding SocietyThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Biochemical pathways for the production of flavour compounds in cheeses during ripening: A review (2000)

The principal pathways for the formation of flavour compounds in cheese (glycolysis, lipolysis and proteolysis) are reviewed. Depending on variety, microflora and ripening conditions, lactate may be metabolized by a number of pathways to various compounds which contribute to cheese flavour or off-flavours. Citrate metabolism by citrate-positive lactococci or Leuconostoc spp. is important in certain varieties (e.g., Dutch cheeses). Lipolysis results directly in the formation of flavour compounds by liberating free fatty acids (FFA). FFA may also be metabolized to alkan-2-ones and fatty acid lactones. Proteolysis of the caseins to a range of small-and intermediate-sized peptides and free amino acids (FAA) probably only contributes to the background flavour of most cheese varieties, but FAA are important precursors for a range of poorly-understood catabolic reactions which produce volatile compounds essential for flavour.
Effect of Encapsulating Materials on Water Sorption, Glass Transition and Stability of Juice From Immature Acerola (2005)

Immature acerola juice was dehydrated by spray drying, using as encapsulating material maltodextrin DE25, arabic gum, or a mixture of both in different proportions. A constant ratio of 1:1 was kept between juice solids and encapsulating material. The effect of encapsulation materials on water sorption, glass transition, and physical properties of encapsulated immature acerola juice was investigated. The monolayer moisture of the encapsulated juices, calculated according to the GAB theory, varied from 5.11 to 5.73g H2O/100g of solids (25°C). The glass transition temperature (Tg) of maltodextrin and gum arabic varied from 60 (aw 0.33) to 38°C (aw 0.54), and from 62 (aw 0.33) to 42.6°C (aw 0.54), respectively. The addition of juice to the encapsulating materials decreased the Tg of the juice powder to 39.5–41.3°C (aw 0.33) and 1.84–8.05°C (aw 0.54), but no marked differences were found among the juice powders. The critical aw, i.e., the point of onset of physical alterations in the encapsulated materials, was higher than the corresponding monolayer values. Stickiness was observed at temperatures close to Tg, and collapse occurred at temperatures of 20°C or more above the Tg. Maltodextrin DE25 and gum arabic offered equivalent contributions to the stability of the system.
Los acuerdos extrajudiciales en fase preconcursal (2010)

Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer that gives flexibility to various polyvinyl chloride products. It is a pollutant easily released into the environment and can cause many adverse effects to living organisms including hepatotoxicity. The thioredoxin system is a determining factor in the redox balance maintaining in the liver, which is a vulnerable tissue of reactive oxygen species overproduction because of its high energy needs. In order to determine if the thioredoxin system is a target in the development of DEHP hepatotoxicity, Balb/c mice were administered with DEHP intraperitoneally daily for 30 days. Results demonstrated that after DEHP exposure, biochemical profile changes were observed. This phthalate causes oxidative damage through the induction of lipid peroxydation as well as the increase of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. As new evidence provided in this study, we demonstrated that the DEHP affected the thioredoxin system by altering the expression and the activity of thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin Reductase (TrxR1). The two enzyme activities of the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were also affected by this phthalate. This leads to a decrease in the level of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate used by the TrxR1 to maintain the regeneration of the reduced Trx. We also demonstrated that such effects can be responsible of DEHP-induced DNA damage.
Body Mass Index and Serum Proteomic Profile in Breast Cancer and Healthy Women: A Prospective Study (2012)

Epidemiological studies suggest a possible association between BMI, diagnosis and clinical-pathological breast cancer characteristics but biological bases for this relationship still remain to be ascertained. Several biological mechanisms play a role in the genesis and progression of breast cancer. This study aimed to investigate relationships between BMI and breast cancer diagnosis/progression in a Southern Italian population and to try to interpret results according to the serum proteomic profile of healthy and breast cancer patients. BMI, presence or absence of breast cancer and its clinical-pathological characteristics were analyzed in a series of 300 breast cancer women and compared with those of 300 healthy women prospectively. To investigate whether obesity is associated with alterations in serum protein profile, SELDI-ToF approach was applied.Alcohol consumption (22.7% vs 11.3%; p<0.001) and postmenopausal status (65.7% vs 52%; p<0.001) but not BMI resulted significantly different in patients vs controls. Conversely, BMI was significantly associated with a larger-tumour size (BMI> = 30 respect to normal weight: OR = 2.49, 95% CI 1.25-4.99, p = 0.0098) and a higher probability of having positive axillary lymph node (OR = 3.67, CI 95% 2.16-6.23, p<0.0001). Multivariate analysis confirmed the association of breast cancer diagnosis with alcohol consumption (OR = 2.28;CI 1.36-3.83; p<0.0018). Serum protein profile revealed the presence of significant (p-value <0,01) differentially expressed peaks m/z 6934, m/z 5066 in high BMI breast cancer patients vs healthy subjects and m/z 6934, m/z 3346 in high vs low BMI breast cancer patients.The analysis of pathological features of cancer indicates that normal weight women have a significantly higher probability of having a smaller breast cancer at time of diagnosis and negative axillary lymph nodes while increased BMI is associated with an altered protein profile in breast cancer patients. Further studies to identify specific proteins found in the serum and their role in breast cancerogenesis and progression are in progress.
Atrioventricular nodal activation during periodic premature stimulation of the atrium (1987)

To study the intranodal origin of the functional properties of the atrioventricular node, progressive changes in nodal cell activation time and cycle length occurring during complete sequences of periodic premature stimulation of the atrium were determined for 419 nodal cells recorded in 11 isolated rabbit heart preparations. The conduction time in proximal nodal cells including the N cells increased only at very short coupling intervals. Conduction time in the distal node (NH and H cells) first increased and then decreased with increasing prematurity. The major fraction of the basic and premature delays developed between N and NH cell activation, a period devoid of upstrokes. The effective and functional refractory periods were related to the minimum intervals between successive upstrokes at the node entrance and outlet, respectively. These results suggest that the cycle-length dependency of nodal conduction is the result of complex changes in propagation time occurring at three levels in the node, whereas the effective and functional refractory periods reflect reactivation limits of cells located at the node entrance and outlet, respectively.
Lead difluoride and related systems (2004)

Properties of lead difluoride are considered. Phase equilibria in PbF2–MFn systems (n = 1–5) and data on compounds and solid solutions formed in these systems are analysed. The characteristic features of phase diagrams of systems involving lead difluoride are discussed. Composites of PbF2 with other inorganic compounds hold promise as a basis for the design of new functional materials. The bibliography includes 331 references.
Activation of P2‐purinoreceptors triggered Ca2+ release from InsP3‐sensitive internal stores in mammalian oligodendrocytes. (1995)

1. The subcellular characteristics of an ATP-induced elevation of the cytoplasmic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) were studied in cultured cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage obtained from mouse cortex and rabbit retina, as well as in oligodendrocytes from mouse corpus callosum slices, using laser scanning confocal microfluorometry. 2. With the stage- and lineage-specific antibodies O4 and O10, three developmental stages within the oligodendrocyte lineage were distinguished prior to Ca2+ recording. 3. Bath application of 1-100 microM ATP induced a transient increase of [Ca2+]i in late precursors and oligodendrocytes but not in early glial precursor cells from retinal and cortical cultures and from corpus callosum slices. This effect of ATP was observed in Ca(2+)-free extracellular solution, suggesting that the ATP-mediated elevation of [Ca2+]i is due to a Ca2+ liberation from intracellular stores. 4. In both late precursors and oligodendrocytes from retina, the amplitude of ATP-induced [Ca2+]i transients was significantly higher in processes as compared with the soma; in cortical cultures such an uneven response was only observed in oligodendrocytes, while in immature cells responses in soma and processes were of similar amplitude. 5. The rank order of potency for the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides was UTP > or = ATP > ADP >> AMP = adenosine = Me-ATP for retinal oligodendrocytes, and ADP > or = ATP >> UTP = AMP = adenosine = Me-ATP for cortical oligodendrocytes. The response to ATP and related nucleotides was blocked by suramin, indicating the involvement of a P2-purinoreceptor in the ATP-mediated [Ca2+]i response. 6. ATP-induced elevation of the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration was inhibited by incubating cells with thapsigargin (10 microM) and by intracellular administration of heparin (1 microM). These findings indicate that ATP triggers a release of Ca2+ ions from InsP3-sensitive internal stores. 7. The ATP receptors may play a role in neuron-glial signal transfer; ATP is released as neurotransmitter, but also under pathological conditions from damaged cells.
Measuring the movement of a research paradigm (2005)

A research paradigm is a dynamical system of scientific works, including their perceived values by peer scientists, and governed by intrinsic intellectual values and associated citation endurance and decay. Identifying an emerging research paradigm and monitoring changes in an existing paradigm have been a challenging task due to the scale and complexity involved. In this article, we describe an exploratory data analysis method for identifying a research paradigm based on clustering scientific articles by their citation half life and betweenness centrality as well as citation frequencies. The Expectation Maximization algorithm is used to cluster articles based on these attributes. It is hypothesized that the resultant clusters correspond to dynamic groupings of articles manifested by a research paradigm. The method is tested with three example datasets: <i>Social Network Analysis</i> (1992-2004), <i>Mass Extinction</i> (1981-2004), and <i>Terrorism</i> (1989-2004). All these subject domains have known emergent paradigms identified independently. The resultant clusters are interpreted and assessed with reference to clusters identified by co-citation links. The consistency and discrepancy between the EM clusters and the link-based co-citation clusters are also discussed.
The comparative tea staining potential of phenolic, chlorhexidine and anti‐adhesive mouthrinses (1995)

Staining of teeth and mucous membranes is a well-known side-effect with chlorhexidine mouthrinses in which dietary chromogens play an important rôle. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a co-polymer anti-adhesive agent would prevent staining by a low concentration chlorhexidine solution. Additionally, the possibility that an essential oil/phenolic rinse product may cause staining was investigated. The rinses studied were the anti-adhesive alone and combined with 0.02% chlorhexidine and the essential oil/phenolic rinse. These were positioned against a positive control rise, 0.2% chlorhexidine, and a negative control rinse, water. The study was a single blind 5-treatment, randomised Latin square cross-over design, incorporating balance for carry-over effects. 15 volunteers participated and on Day 1 of each study period were rendered stain free by scaling and polishing of the teeth. Oral hygiene was suspended and 8 x per day subjects rinsed under supervision, firstly with the allocated formulation and then with 10 ml of warm black tea. On Day 4, tooth and tongue staining was scored by area and intensity (colour). A washout period of at least 3 1/2 days was permitted between treatment periods when oral hygiene was resumed. Before the study and during washouts, volunteers practised tongue brushing. Tooth and tongue staining was significantly increased with 0.2% chlorhexidine compared to the essential oil/phenolic rinse which in turn was significantly increased compared to the other 3 rinses. The antiadhesive/chlorhexidine rinse produced no more staining than the anti-adhesive or water rise. However, the parallel plaque regrowth study suggests this inhibition of staining resulted from the vitiation of the chlorhexidine activity by the antiadhesive. The methodology would appear a simple and quick way of assessing the propensity of mouthrinses to cause extrinsic staining.
Scanning probe microscopy investigation of gold clusters deposited on atomically flat substrates (2003)

We systematically studied the influence of the substrate on the shape, mobility, and stability of deposited gold clusters. The Aun clusters were produced in a laser vaporization source and deposited with low kinetic energy (~0.4 eV/atom) on atomically flat substrates (graphite, mica, and gold and silver films on mica) under UHV conditions. Their size distribution is probed with time-of-flight mass spectrometry and ranges from dimers to several hundreds of atoms. Scanning probe microscopy is used to characterize the deposited clusters and the formation of islands by cluster aggregation. On all substrates, Aun islands can be clearly distinguished and the islands are flattened despite the small impact energy. The shape and size of the island configurations are strongly system dependent. Gold clusters deposited on Au(111) and Ag(111) films grown on mica do not aggregate, but deform due to strong cluster–substrate interactions. The clusters tend to grow epitaxially on these surfaces. On graphite and on mica, deposited clusters do diffuse and aggregate. On the graphite surface, large ramified islands are formed by juxtaposition of small islands and trapping of the clusters at the step edges. On the other hand, the diffusion of the clusters on mica results in a total coalescence of the Aun clusters into compact islands.
Induction motor eccentricity diagnosis using impedance spectrum and shaft voltage (2010)

The paper is devoted to experimental investigations of the induction motor rotor eccentricity problem by the use of displacement of the rotor centerline in the stator bore. The changes in the impedance spectrum and the shaft voltage have been analyzed.
Soviet Agrarian Reform And The Food Crisis: Neither Can Be Ignored (1991)

he Soviet people are becoming more impatient for change and improved economic conditions.For example, the idea of a market economy is broadly supported.However, the reforms necessary for the transition to a market economy are threatened by a possible short-term food crisis and the political and economic realignment of the republics with the Union.These concerns and the sheer momentum of the old system have diverted public attention and the resolve for effectively dealing with the agrarian reform.But, the time has come for a transition is no longer possible.The agrarian sector is not an economic island.The center does not have the political power or economic capacity to closely orchestrate the reforms. The Soviet Union in TransitionFrom fiscal and financial perspectives, the Soviet Union is in a tailspin.The state budget deficit was about 8 percent of GDP in 1990, and continues to grow.This budget deficit is being financed largely by printing rub les.In 1991 , for fundamental change in the economic system that can stimulate economic growth and provide tangible evidence of success.Agriculture and the food production and distribution system, long-standing problems for the Soviet Union, are logical starting points.Many initiatives are needed to achieve the agrarian reform.All must be timed and implemented consistently with one another and with a macroeconomic policy that assures more balanced fiscal and financial management.Food and farm subsidies need to be reduced, prices rationalized, property and contract law and administration restructured, a competition policy initiated, economic and financial sectors opened, markets established , and the role of government changed and reduced.
Building Editable Free-form Models from Unstructured Point Clouds (2013)

Computer-Aided Design and Applications is an international journal on the applications of CAD and CAM. It publishes papers in the general domain of CAD plus in emerging fields like bio-CAD, nano-CAD, soft-CAD, garment-CAD, PLM, PDM, CAD data mining, CAD and the internet, CAD education, genetic algorithms and CAD engines. The journal is aimed at all developers and users of CAD technology to ptovide CAD solutions for various stages of design and manufacturing. The journal publishes all about Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided technologies.