gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Stormwater Management Structures in Maryland Proportioned by SCS TR-55 (1987)

Various state and local agencies in Maryland are requiring that the Soil Conservation Service Technical Release 55 be used to evaluate impact of urbanization on peak rates of discharge. In 1981, these agencies began to wonder if the procedures in TR-55 (SCS, 1975) were oversizing the outlet of stormwater management structures. Thus, the desired regulation of frequent events was not happening. In 1983, SCS in Maryland began a study to evaluate the concern of these agencies. The results of this study are presented.
Recent developments of iron pincer complexes for catalytic applications (2016)

Iron pincer complexes exhibit excellent activity in homogeneous catalysis.
Carbon brush collector maintenance on turbine-generators (2007)

Carbon-brush collectors have historically been an operations/maintenance concern on turbine-generators. This is understandable in that this relatively small component is one of the most frequent causes of generator forced outages. The root cause of collector service problems is lack of performing the required on-going inspection and maintenance. While this inspection/maintenance effort is relatively minor, it is sometimes overlooked or done inadequately. This paper will discuss collector performance and root causes of collector forced outages, and will provide guidance on identifying and correcting collector operating conditions before serious problems develop. In addition, information is included on retrofit of fixed brush holders with removable brush holders. Performing of the items in the maintenance checklist at the end of the paper, Table 1, should greatly reduce or eliminate exposure to carbon-brush collector service problems.
Orchestrating the Internet of Things Dynamically (2016)

In traditional IoT system simple edge devices collect data to specialized server. However, hardware has already evolved enabling intelligence and programmability of IoT devices.
Flight Simulators (1954)

The 893rd Lecture to be given before the Royal Aeronautical Society was held under the auspices of the Belfast Branch on 10th December 1953. Rear Admiral M. S. Slattery, C.B., President of the Belfast Branch, presided, and welcomed the visitors. He expressed the regrets of the Branch that the President of the Society, Sir William Farren, C.B., M.B.E., M.A., F.R.S., F.R.Ae.S., was unable to be present, but welcomed the Secretary, Dr. A. M. Ballantyne. The Branch President, introducing the lecturers, said: —Mr. Ringham is the Manager and Chief Engineer of the Flight Similator Division of Redifon Ltd. He has been connected with the design and development of communication and electronic equipment for over 25 years. He joined Rediffusion (now Redifon Ltd.) in 1939, and worked extensively on the development of navigational training aids during the war years. His co-lecturer is Dr. Cutler, Chief Designer of the Flight Simulator Division of Redifon Ltd. He worked on naval navigational aids with the Admiralty Signal Establishment during the war, returning to the development laboratories in Haslemere at the close of the war in Europe. He re-entered Nottingham University later and obtained his B.Sc, Special Physics, and then did research work and was granted his Ph.D. in 1952. Following the Lecture Rear Admiral Slattery said that it was the practice in the Belfast Branch to present a small memento to lecturers who did them the honour of coming to Belfast and he had much pleasure in presenting the lecturers with a small memento each of Irish linen. The Lecturers presented their paper and then showed a film depicting sections of a simulated flight from Rome to London.
Uncertainty analysis for the integration of seismic and CSEM data (2009)

Geophysical inverse problems consist of three stages: the forward problem, optimization, and appraisal. We study the appraisal problem for the joint inversion of seismic and controlled source electro‐magnetic (CSEM) data and utilize rock‐physics models to integrate these two disparate data sets. The appraisal problem is solved by adopting a Bayesian model, and we incorporate four representative sources of uncertainty. These are uncertainties in (1) seismic wave velocity, (2) electric conductivity, (3) seismic data, and (4) CSEM data. Uncertainties in porosity and water saturation are quantified by a posterior random sampling in the model space of porosity and water saturation of a marine one‐dimensional structure. We study the relative contributions from four individual sources of uncertainty by performing several statistical experiments. Uncertainties in the seismic wave velocity and electric conductivity play a more significant role on the variation of posterior uncertainty than do uncertainties in the seismic and CSEM data noise. Numerical simulations also show that the assessment of porosity is most affected by uncertainty in seismic wave velocity and the assessment of water saturation is most influenced by uncertainty in electric conductivity. The framework of the uncertainty analysis presented in this study can be utilized to effectively reduce uncertainty of porosity and water saturation derived from integration of seismic and CSEM data.
Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation (2011)

This Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report (IPCC-SRREN) assesses the potential role of renewable energy in the mitigation of climate change. It covers the six most important renewable energy sources – bioenergy, solar, geothermal, hydropower, ocean and wind energy – as well as their integration into present and future energy systems. It considers the environmental and social consequences associated with the deployment of these technologies and presents strategies to overcome technical as well as non-technical obstacles to their application and diffusion. SRREN brings a broad spectrum of technology-specific experts together with scientists studying energy systems as a whole. Prepared following strict IPCC procedures, it presents an impartial assessment of the current state of knowledge: it is policy relevant but not policy prescriptive. SRREN is an invaluable assessment of the potential role of renewable energy for the mitigation of climate change for policymakers, the private sector and academic researchers.
Wavelength switching components for future photonic networks (2002)

This article provides a review of integrated laser and semiconductor optical amplifier components that have been configured to provide a variety of all-optical functions such as wavelength conversion, routing, signal regeneration, and add-drop multiplexing. The components have been devised so that they can be reliably and simply used within a multiwavelength network. The article introduces the components by outlining the current leading techniques for wavelength conversion using SOAs, namely by way of cross-gain modulation, cross-phase modulation, and four-wave mixing. The integrated SOA distributed feedback laser is then shown to provide excellent regeneration properties, not only overcoming fiber dispersion limitations but also polarization mode dispersion. Finally, the devices are shown to make possible a regenerative wavelength switching node where routing is achieved using a tunable laser to provide regenerative wavelength conversion followed by an arrayed waveguide router. This switch shows promise for use in future photonic packet switching architectures.
[Possibilities for remineralization in the incipient decay of the enamel]. (1991)

Admitting the fact that dental decay is the result of an imbalance between the process of demineralization and that of remineralization, one of the main problems of odontology remains the increase of mineralization in the dental enamel in the post-eruptive maturation stage, and the remineralization of the incipient dental decay lesions. The author reviews the main aspects related to remineralization of the incipient decay which occurs in the dental enamel, as well as the possibilities of stimulation of remineralization with the aid of various agents, or by the use of certain obturation materials, of which certain types of glass ionomeric cements are very promising.
Performance of IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol over a wireless LAN with distributed radio bridges (2009)

In this thesis, the performance, in terms of throughput and access delay, of the proposed distributed Wireless Local Area Network employing the IEEE 802.11 Medium Access Control protocol is analyzed extensively by computer simulations. The proposed network is based on using the same frequency for the entire coverage area with multiple receivers or radio bridges (RBs), with or without capture effect at each receiver. Different channel environments, including the Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel, log-normal shadowing channel, Rayleigh fading channel, and log-normal shadowing plus Rayleigh fading channel, are considered in the simulations. The effects of various parameters are also studied. The results show that the performance can be improved significantly by using more RBs except for A W G N channel. The performance improvement of multiple RBs over one R B depends on the system parameters. In the log-normal shadowing plus Rayleigh fading channel, the throughput with 4 RBs and no capture can be improved by at least 120% over one RB. It is found that multiple RBs are more effective in a system with large number of stations and for channels severely degraded by shadowing or fading. With the use of capture, the performance can be improved by multiple RBs. But the performance improvement of multiple RBs is about the same as no capture cases. The effect of capture ratio is studied. It is found that the performance increases with decreasing the capture ratio. The performance of one and two dimensional models are found to be slightly different. The throughput does not change with packet size; however, the access delay degrades with packet size. Finally, it is found that the performance is not significantly affected by the length of the acknowledgment time-out.
Self-management education: History, definition, outcomes, and mechanisms (2003)

Self-management has become a popular term for behavioral interventions as well as for healthful behaviors. This is especially true for the management of chronic conditions. This article offers a short history of self-management. It presents three self-management tasks--medical management, role management, and emotional management--and six self-management skills--problem solving, decision making, resource utilization, the formation of a patient-provider partnership, action planning, and self-tailoring. In addition, the article presents evidence of the effectiveness of self-management interventions and posits a possible mechanism, self-efficacy, through which these interventions work. In conclusion the article discusses problems and solutions for integrating self-management education into the mainstream health care systems.
Coagulation Responses of Human Plasma After Hemodilution with Hemoglobin Solution In-Vitro (1994)

To assess the potential for interference of Hb with the normal coagulation mechanism, we performed in-vitro hemodilution tests. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) was prepared from citrated blood samples of 5 normal volunteers diluted 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3 volume ratio with human stroma-free hemoglobin solution (SFH) or human albumin (HSA). Coagulation kinetics and clot strength were assessed with a thrombelastograph (TEG). Extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation factors were assessed measuring prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) with an optical coagulation timer. Statistical significance was assessed using ANOVA and Neuman-Keuls tests at p < 0.05. At all dilutions, SFH diluted plasma showed significantly prolonged initial rate of clot formation compared to undiluted control or HSA (p < 0.05). However, there was no difference in formed clot strength between SFH and HSA. At high Hb concentrations Hb seems to interfere with the optical measurements of coagulation times (particularly aPTT). SFH appears to interfere with the initial phase coagulation mechanism in human plasma in-vitro; further study is needed to clarify the cause. In measuring coagulation times of plasma containing Hb a non-optical instrument should be considered.
Effect of SLM Processing Parameters on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Al0.5CoCrFeNi High Entropy Alloys (2020)

Selective laser melting (SLM) to fabricate Al0.5CoCrFeNi high entropy alloys with pre-mixed powders was studied in this paper. The influences of process parameters including laser power, scanning speed, and hatch spacing on the relative density of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) were investigated. A relative density of 99.92% can be achieved by optimizing the SLM process parameters with laser power 320 W, scanning speed 800 mm/s, and hatch spacing of 60 μm, respectively. Moreover, the microstructure of the HEAs was also studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). It was found that the microstructure of the HEAs was only composed of face-centered cubic and body-centered cubic phases, without complex intermetallic compounds. The mechanical properties of the HEAs were also characterized. At ambient temperature, the alloys had a high yield strength of about 609 MPa, tensile strength about 878 MPa, and hardness about 270 HV. Through a comparison with the corresponding alloys fabricated by vacuum induction melting, it can be concluded that the high entropy alloys fabricated by SLM had fine microstructures and improved mechanical properties.
Accumulation and Toxicity of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Cells and Experimental Animals (2016)

The uptake and distribution of negatively charged superparamagnetic iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles (SPIONs) in mouse embryonic fibroblasts NIH3T3, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal influenced by SPIONs injected into experimental animals, were visualized and investigated. Cellular uptake and distribution of the SPIONs in NIH3T3 after staining with Prussian Blue were investigated by a bright-field microscope equipped with digital color camera. SPIONs were localized in vesicles, mostly placed near the nucleus. Toxicity of SPION nanoparticles tested with cell viability assay (XTT) was estimated. The viability of NIH3T3 cells remains approximately 95% within 3-24 h of incubation, and only a slight decrease of viability was observed after 48 h of incubation. MRI studies on Wistar rats using a clinical 1.5 T MRI scanner were showing that SPIONs give a negative contrast in the MRI. The dynamic MRI measurements of the SPION clearance from the injection site shows that SPIONs slowly disappear from injection sites and only a low concentration of nanoparticles was completely eliminated within three weeks. No functionalized SPIONs accumulate in cells by endocytic mechanism, none accumulate in the nucleus, and none are toxic at a desirable concentration. Therefore, they could be used as a dual imaging agent: as contrast agents for MRI and for traditional optical biopsy by using Prussian Blue staining.
Substitution of TAG oil with diacylglycerol oil in food items improves the predicted 10 years cardiovascular risk score in healthy, overweight subjects (2012)

Dietary fat is normally in TAG form, but diacylglycerol (DAG) is a natural component of edible oils. Studies have shown that consumption of DAG results in metabolic characteristics that are distinct from those of TAG, which may be beneficial in preventing and managing obesity. The objective of the present study was to investigate if food items in which part of the TAG oil is replaced with DAG oil combined with high α-linolenic acid (ALA) content would influence metabolic markers. A 12-week double-blinded randomised controlled parallel-design study was conducted. The participants (n 23) were healthy, overweight men and women, aged 37-67 years, BMI 27-35 kg/m(2), with waist circumference >94 cm (men) and >88 cm (women). The two groups received 20 g margarine, 11 g mayonnaise and 12 g oil per d, containing either high ALA and sn-1,3-DAG or high ALA and TAG. Substitution of TAG oil with DAG oil in food items for 12 weeks led to an improvement of the predicted 10 years cardiovascular risk score in overweight subjects by non-significantly improving markers of health such as total body fat percentage, trunk fat mass, alanine aminotransferase, systolic blood pressure, γ-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase and total fat-free mass. This may suggest that replacing TAG oil with DAG oil in healthy, overweight individuals may have beneficial metabolic effects.
The Effect of Cafetiere coffee on biomarkers for colonic cancer in healthy volunteers (1999)

Grubben, M. J.A.L.; vd Braak, C. C.M.; Broekhuizen, R.; de long, R; van Rijt, L.; de Ruitjer, E.; v Schaik, A.; Boers, G. H.J.; Blom, H. J.; Tangerman, A.; Peters, W. H.M.; Nagengast, F. M.; Katan, M. B. Author Information
Penetration of the laser light into the skin in vitro (1999)

The results demonstrate the percentage of incident light penetrating the individual skin layers in different localizations on the skin surface, which is a decisive factor for the selection of the radiation dose.
The effects of feeding conjugated linoleic acid on subsequent pork quality (1999)

Feeding conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has recently been shown to repartition fat to lean in pigs. The present study was undertaken to determine if feeding CLA affects pork quality. Pigs were fed a cereal-based diet containing either 2% CLA or 2% sunflower oil. Fifty-four pigs (27 gilts and 27 barrows) were fed per diet, and diets were fed from 61.5 to 106 kg liveweight. Diet did not affect postmortem longissimus thoracis (LT) glycogen utilization, lactate accumulation, or pH decline. Conjugated linoleic acid fed pigs had slightly higher LT temperatures at 3 h postmortem (+1.15 °C; P < 0.05), but subsequent LT shear force, drip loss and soluble protein levels were unaffected. Diet did not affect subjective LT scores for structure or color, but objective color measurements indicated LT from CLA-fed pigs had slightly higher chroma (color saturation) values (+0.84; P < 0.05). Longissimus thoracis from CLA-fed pigs also had increased subjective marbling scores (P < 0.01) and increased petroleum-ether-extractable intramuscular fat (+22%; P < 0.01). Diet did not affect any measured palatability characteristic (initial and overall tenderness, juiciness, flavor desirability, flavor intensity, connective tissue amount, overall palatability; P > 0.05). Feeding 2% dietary CLA to pigs, therefore, shows some potential for improving pork composition by increasing intramuscular fat, while having no detrimental effect on pork quality. Key words: Swine, conjugated linoleic acid, pork quality
Information and Metabolism in Bacterial Chemotaxis (2013)

One of the most important issues in theoretical biology is to understand how control mechanisms are deployed by organisms to maintain their homeostasis and ensure their survival. A crucial issue is how organisms deal with environmental information in a way that ensures appropriate exchanges with the environment — even in the most basic of life forms (namely, bacteria). In this paper, I present an information theoretic formulation of how Escherichia coli responds to environmental information during chemotaxis and, more generally, a cybernetic model of the relationship between information and biophysical (metabolic) dynamics.
Cellular Heterogeneity of the Luteinizing Hormone Receptor and Its Significance for Cyclic GMP Signaling in Mouse Preovulatory Follicles (2020)

Meiotic arrest and resumption in mammalian oocytes are regulated by 2 opposing signaling proteins in the cells of the surrounding follicle: the guanylyl cyclase natriuretic peptide receptor 2 (NPR2), and the luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR). NPR2 maintains a meiosis-inhibitory level of cyclic guanosine 5'-monophosphate (cGMP) until LHR signaling causes dephosphorylation of NPR2, reducing NPR2 activity, lowering cGMP to a level that releases meiotic arrest. However, the signaling pathway between LHR activation and NPR2 dephosphorylation remains incompletely understood, due in part to imprecise information about the cellular localization of these 2 proteins. To investigate their localization, we generated mouse lines in which hemagglutinin epitope tags were added to the endogenous LHR and NPR2 proteins, and used immunofluorescence and immunogold microscopy to localize these proteins with high resolution. The results showed that the LHR protein is absent from the cumulus cells and inner mural granulosa cells, and is present in only 13% to 48% of the outer mural granulosa cells. In contrast, NPR2 is present throughout the follicle, and is more concentrated in the cumulus cells. Less than 20% of the NPR2 is in the same cells that express the LHR. These results suggest that to account for the LH-induced inactivation of NPR2, LHR-expressing cells send a signal that inactivates NPR2 in neighboring cells that do not express the LHR. An inhibitor of gap junction permeability attenuates the LH-induced cGMP decrease in the outer mural granulosa cells, consistent with this mechanism contributing to how NPR2 is inactivated in cells that do not express the LHR.
Algenteeltsystemen voor de tuinbouw: Integratie (2012)

de productie van algen biedt perspectief voor Nederlandse tuinbouwondernemers. Uit algen kunnen hoogwaardige producten worden gemaakt zoals voer voor vissen en mosselen, of stoffen als voedingssupplementen, eiwitten, vetzuren, pigmenten en antioxidanten. Algen kunnen worden geteeld in combinatie met traditionele tuinbouwgewassen, maar kunnen wellicht ook een alternatief gewas zijn voor telers. De overeenkomsten van algen teeltsystemen met teeltsystemen voor tuinbouwgewassen zijn vanuit een ontwerpoogpunt groot: algen hebben licht, water en nutrienten, CO2 en een optimaal klimaat nodig om te kunnen groeien met een goede kwaliteit. Tuinbouwondernemers hebben veel ervaring om de teeltcondities van hun huidige gewassen optimaal te sturen, ze hebben ervaring met klimaatregeling, CO2 dosering, water- en nutrientenvoorziening en waterbehandelingssystemen. Het ligt voor de hand om deze ervaring te benutten voor de teelt van algen. Ze weten op een duurzame manier gewassen te telen. Hun bedrijf beschikt bovendien over de infrastructuur voor energievoorziening, waterbehandeling en CO2 voorziening. Er zijn synergie-effecten tussen gewas- en algenproductie op een tuinbouwbedrijf. In dit project wordt met behulp van modelberekeningen, metingen in algensystemen en op tuinbouwbedrijven en het opzetten van een nieuwe proeffaciliteit voor algen in de tuinbouw strategisch inzicht verkregen naar een geschikt teeltsysteem voor de teelt van hoogwaardige algen in combinatie met tuinbouwproductie in de toekomst.
Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Depression: Follow-Up After 3 to 6 Years (2011)

These data suggest that in the long term, DBS remains a safe and effective treatment for treatment-resistant depression. Additional trials with larger samples are needed to confirm these findings.