gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relationships Between Chemical Structure and Biological Activity (1966)

By ALFRED BURGER AND ANILKUMAR P. PARULKAR Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia The readers of these Annual Reviews have been presented with several articles on relations of chemical structure to biological activity in the last few years. Among them were the superb and comprehensive review by Bloom & Laubach (1) and the interesting synopsis by Fastier (2) . Neither the biochemically based nor the heuristic approach to explana­ tions of such relationships has advanced startlingly in the last two years, although many problems have been focused more sharply. The present survey is therefore an expansion and reconsideration of some of the same topics from a medicinal-chemical point of view. A number of analyses of structure-activity relation s have appeared elsewhere. Some of them concern broad principles and are based on care­ ful physicochemical measurements (2-7) . Other reviews of the same subject restrict themselves to one series of structurally related compounds (8) or of compounds exerting similar biological activities (9, 10). Al­ most all of the authors of these reviews, and many others before them, have expressed the hope that a clear understanding of bioreceptors would go a long way in eliminating the high percentage of failures in drug de­ sign. These failures are due to our empirical approach to medicinal sci­ ence. Even in situations in which relations of compounds of apparently identical biological activity, measured in the same test system, are sup­ ported by similar relations of one or two physical properties, the question remains whether these particular physical properties have anything to do with the biological performance of the compounds. Yet nobody can deny that it would be of great value to be able to describe exactly what goes on in the interaction of a drug with a reactive cellular constituent. It appears appropriate, therefore, to comment briefly on the present state of our knowledge in this area. Theories and explanations prove their worth only if they permit pre­ dictions and extrapolations. The medicinal scientist is confronted with the unabating need for new drugs for unsolved therapeutic problems; their discovery, evaluation, and useful development compete for his at­ tention to fundamental principles of drug action. There is no point in dwelling on methods of chance discovery of therapeutic agents by ran­ dom screening or by the accidental observation of a biological effect, al­ though our knowledge of structure-activity relationships is enriched by
Flower and fruit abortion in sweet pepper in relation to source and sink strength (2004)

Source strength (assimilate supply) and sink strength (assimilate demand) of the plant were varied in different ways to investigate to what extent flower/fruit abortion in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is determined by the availability of assimilates. Source strength was varied by changing the light level, plant density, and leaf pruning. Sink strength was varied by changing the temperature and the number and position of earlier formed fruits. Shading as well as heating for short periods showed that flowers/fruits were the most susceptible to abortion during the first week after anthesis. The different experiments where source strength was varied all showed that when source strength decreased, the rate of abortion increased linearly, whether source strength was decreased by shading, high plant density, or leaf pruning. That flower and fruit abortion not only depends on the source strength but also on the sink strength of competing organs is shown by varying the number or the position of earlier formed fruits. With the same source strength, the rate of abortion showed a close relationship with the growth rate of the earlier formed competing fruits, suggesting that the induction of abortion by earlier formed fruits is due to their sink strength. Most of the variation in abortion could be related to differences in vegetative growth rate, the latter being an indicator of the source-sink ratio. However, with the same vegetative growth rate, the rate of abortion was lower for the leaf pruning treatments where no competing fruits were retained than for the fruit load treatments. This indicates that although most of the variation in abortion can be related to the source and sink strength of the plant, some effects of competing fruits can only be explained by a combination of competition and dominance.
Developing a chiral toolbox for asymmetric catalytic reactions. (1999)

During the last several decades, chemists have made major progress in discovering man-made catalysts to perform challenging asymmetric transformations. The research in our group addresses fundamental and practical problems in this field by developing a diverse set of chiral ligands that combine with transition metals to form highly enantioselective catalysts. Families of tridentate ligands have been developed for the enantioselective hydrogenation of unfunctionalized substrates. In addition, we have developed several new bidentate phosphine ligands for asymmetric catalysis. The common feature of these ligands are that they contain rigid aromatic backbones or ring structures which restrict conformational flexibility of the ligands. Several asymmetric reactions have been studied: asymmetric hydrogenation of functionalized substrates such as N-acylaminoacrylic acids, enamides and enol acetates; asymmetric hydrogenation of simple ketones, and imines; and asymmetric carbon-carbon bond forming reactions. In addition, we have designed and synthesized several novel chiral monophosphines for asymmetric catalytic reactions. Transition metal complexes with these monophosphines have also been developed for asymmetric transformations.
Distributed application development with Inferno (1999)

Article Free Access Share on Distributed application development with Inferno Author: Ravi Sharma Inferno Network Software Solutions, Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Suite 400, 2 Paragon Way, Freehold, NJ Inferno Network Software Solutions, Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Suite 400, 2 Paragon Way, Freehold, NJView Profile Authors Info & Claims DAC '99: Proceedings of the 36th annual ACM/IEEE Design Automation ConferenceJune 1999 Pages 146–150https://doi.org/10.1145/309847.309904Online:01 June 1999Publication History 1citation382DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1Total Downloads382Last 12 Months4Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Prolegomena on biography modern and ancient (2012)

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Therapeutic Approaches Using Host Defence Peptides to Tackle Herpes Virus Infections (2009)

One of the most common viral infections in humans is caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV). It can easily be treated with nucleoside analogues (e.g., acyclovir), but resistant strains are on the rise. Naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides have been demonstrated to possess antiviral activity against HSV. New evidence has also indicated that these host defence peptides are able to selectively stimulate the innate immune system to fight of infections. This review will focus on the anti-HSV activity of such peptides (both natural and synthetic), describe their mode of action and their clinical potential.
Diplopia- An Overview - (2012)

What is Diplopia? “Diplopia, commonly known as double vision, is the simultaneous perception of two images of a single object. These images may be displaced horizontally, vertically, or diagonally (i.e. both vertically and horizontally) in relation to each other. It is monocular if it persists on covering one eye. For example refractive errors, cataract, macular problems etc. It is binocular if it appears without covering either eye.
Electrochemical Impedance Study of Tl<sup>+</sup> Reduction through Gramicidin Channels in Self-Assembled Gramicidin-Modified Dioleoylphosphatidylcholine Monolayers on Mercury Electrodes (1999)

Impedance measurements for the reduction of Tl+ on gramicidin-modified dioleoylphosphatidylcholine-coated mercury electrodes have been performed. The frequency dependence of the admittance data fits well to a Randles circuit, and the Warburg coefficient, σ, and the irreversibility coefficient, p‘, can be obtained at every dc potential from the frequency analysis conforming to this circuit. However, the potential dependence of the Warburg coefficient is different from the one expected for a simple electron transfer. Instead, the σ−E data can be analyzed conforming to a mechanism including preceding and following homogeneous chemical steps to the electron transfer (CEC mechanism). In addition, from the irreversibility coefficient, p‘, a value of the standard rate constant for the electron transfer of 0.035 cm s-1 and a potential independent value for the transfer coefficient, α, of close to 0.5 are obtained. The possibility that the CEC mechanism originates partly from nonlinear diffusion is considered, and the results are discussed in comparison with those given in the literature for Tl+ reduction on pure mercury.
Regulation of Intracellular pH in the Stomach (1987)

The following picture emerges from the relatively small literature concerned with pHi regulation in the stomach. Oxyntic cells have a H,K-ATPase at the luminal membrane and both Na+-H+ and Cl(-)-HCO3 exchangers at the serosal membrane. The intrinsic buffer capacity is 40-50 mM/pH. In the resting state, when the H, K-ATPase is inactive, pHi is 7.1. The Na+-H+ exchanger prevents acidic shifts of pHi, and the Cl(-)-HCO3 exchanger prevents alkaline shifts. The combined operation of the two appears to contribute directly to the net Cl- secretion (and short-circuit current) generated by resting OC. In the stimulated state, H+ secretion into the gland lumen via the H,K-ATPase increases, and Cl- movement across the serosal membrane via exchange for HCO3 doubles or triples; however, pHi remains roughly constant (delta pHi less than or equal to 0.1 units). The large increase in Cl- and HCO3 movement across the serosal membrane requires one (or all) of the following events: The anion exchanger changes its characteristics (Km or Vmax); [Cl-]i decreases; or other membrane mechanisms must be activated. Chief cells also have a pHi of 7.1 and a Bi of 40-50 mM/pH. They exhibit Na+-dependent and Cl(-)-dependent changes of pHi that are consistent with the presence of both Na+-H+ and Cl(-)-HCO3 exchangers. The Na+-dependent changes of pHi are larger and the Cl(-)-dependent changes are smaller in CC than in OC. Surface cells exhibit changes of AO fluorescence that indicate that there is a Na+-H+ exchanger and a HCO3 conductance. The H+ permeability of the luminal membranes of all cells is very low, while that of the serosal membrane (via the cation and anion exchangers) is high.
Markers of Cardiac Collagen Turnover Are Similar in Patients With Mild and More Severe Symptoms of Heart Failure (2007)

Cardiac fibrosis plays an important role in the pathophysiology of heart failure. The authors sought to determine whether biomarkers of cardiac fibrosis for milder clinical degrees of heart failure are comparable to those of more advanced disease. Procollagen types I and III amino-terminal peptides (PINP and PIIINP) and type I collagen telopeptide (ICTP) were compared between aldosterone-antagonistnaive patients with heart failure and New York Heart Association class I or II (n=22/23) and class III or IV (n=42/3) symptoms. Median (interquartile) range concentrations of PINP (63.3 [44.2-88.8] vs 48.6 [37.8-74.9] microg/L), ICTP (7.0 [5.4-16.8] vs 6.5 [4.7-12.7] microg/L), and PIIINP (4.7 [3.2-7.0] vs 4.7 [2.9-7.3] microg/L) were comparable between patients with mild and moderate to severe disease, respectively. These data suggest that patients with mild heart failure may have similar degrees of cardiac fibrosis to patients with more severe disease and support the examination of antifibrotic therapy, including aldosterone antagonists, in milder degrees of heart failure.
[The mitral valve apparatus: an anatomo-echocardiographic approach]. (1989)

The shape of the mitral valve ring, the position of its chordae and of its leaflets were studied in 34 normal hearts fixed through intra-ventricular injection of tamponate formalin. As the authors have assumed that the post-rigor left ventricle has an architecture very similar to that seen at to the end of ventricular systole, comparisons were made between the anatomical and the echocardiographic features usually seen at the end of the phase of the cardiac cycle. The mitral ring has the shape of a hyperbolic paraboloid, and this peculiar geometry explains why the "apical-four chambers" view, which explores the most superficial ring segments, is the more appropriate view for detecting mitral valve prolapses. In that incidence the valvar diameter is longer (2.43 +/- 0.45 cm) that in the "parasternal view" (1.99 +/- 0.45 cm) and the angle made by the leaflets is comparatively less acute ("four chambers" = 127.41 +/- 16.45 degrees; "parasternal" = 102.05 +/- 0.17 degrees). In the "four chamber" view the point of coaptation (which represents the vertex of the referred angle) is 0.45 +/- 0.17 cm far from the echographic line usually taken as the valvar plane (EVPL-echocardiographic valvar plane line) whereas in the other view, it is more distant from this line (0.59 +/- 0.16 cm). These two last factors make both leaflets closer to the left atrium and explains why mitral valve prolapse, when present, is more easily seen in that incidence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Behavior exchange theory and marital decision making. (1976)

Distressed and nondistressed couples in two studies made decisions on highland low-conflict tasks. They continuously coded both the intended impact of their own behavior and the impact of their spouse's behavior. In Study 1 distressed couples did not differ from nondistressed couples on how they intended their behavior to be received. However, the behavior of distressed spouses was actually received more negatively by their partners than the behavior of their nondistressed counterparts. The couples in Study 2 also behaved in a way consistent with a communication deficit explanation of distressed marriages; that is, distressed couples' behavior was likely to be coded as more negative than they intended. Task effects and a reciprocity hypothesis were also tested Data from Study 1 showed no conflict effect, but the results of Study 2 suggested that high-conflict tasks may be a better means for discriminating distressed from nondistressed couples than low-conflict tasks. The data on reciprocity indicate only minimal support for the view that distressed marriage is characterized by less positive or more negative reciprocity than nondistressed marriage.
Shock-induced polarization of a ferroelectric ceramic (1977)

Electric fields existing in shock-wave-compressed specimens of poled ferroelectric ceramics are caused by both the piezoelectric effect and a randomization of the domains aligned in the poling process. The contribution of these effects to the electric field is governed by the dielectric equation of state of the material. In general, even the form of this equation of state is uncertain for the large electric field and stress values encountered in the shock-compression process. In this work a form is assumed for the equation giving the shock-induced polarization. It includes terms representing, respectively, a linear dielectric, a ferroelectric including the stress and field dependence of the remanent polarization, and a piezoelectric whose coefficients are proportional to the remanent polarization. An important prediction of this relation is that shock waves can increase the remanent polarization of a partially poled specimen. This effect has been observed, and the conditions under which it occurs are used to evaluate the equation of state of a representative material, PZT 65/35.
Design of InxGa1−xAs1−yNy∕AlAs quantum cascade structures for 3.4μm intersubband emission (2007)

We report the design of an active region of InxGa1−xAs1−yNy∕AlAs quantum cascade laser structure emitting in the near infrared wavelength range based on an eight-band k∙p model. The InxGa1−xAs1−yNy∕AlAs heterostructure system is of significant interest for the development of short wavelength quantum cascade lasers due to its large conduction band discontinuity (∼1.5eV) and compatibility with the mature GaAs fabrication process. A detailed analysis of the intersubband transition energy within the conduction band as a function of layer thickness, composition, electric field, and temperature has been carried out. Finally, an optimized combination of In0.2Ga0.8As0.97N0.03∕AlAs three-coupled-well structure has been obtained. Under an applied field of 100kV∕cm and at room temperature, a shortest wavelength of 3.4μm has been achieved by making use of this system without introducing an upper lasing level beyond the X minima of the AlAs barrier.
From Monolithic to Microservices: An Experience Report from the Banking Domain (2018)

Microservices have seen their popularity blossoming with an explosion of concrete applications in real-life software. Several companies are currently involved in a major refactoring of their back-end systems in order to improve scalability. This article presents an experience report of a real-world case study, from the banking domain, in order to demonstrate how scalability is positively affected by reimplementing a monolithic architecture into microservices. The case study is based on the FX Core system for converting from one currency to another. FX Core is a mission-critical system of Danske Bank, the largest bank in Denmark and one of the leading financial institutions in Northern Europe.
On the Security and Privacy of Internet of Things Architectures and Systems (2015)

The Internet of Things (IoT) brings together a multitude of technologies, with a vision of creating an interconnected world. This will benefit both corporations as well as the end-users. However, a plethora of security and privacy challenges need to be addressed for the IoT to be fully realized. In this paper, we identify and discuss the properties that constitute the uniqueness of the IoT in terms of the upcoming security and privacy challenges. Furthermore, we construct requirements induced by the aforementioned properties. We survey the four most dominant IoT architectures and analyze their security and privacy components with respect to the requirements. Our analysis shows a mediocre coverage of security and privacy requirements. Finally, through our survey we identify a number of research gaps that constitute the steps ahead for future research.
Model-based control of a robot manipulator (1988)

Model-Based Control of a Robot Manipulator presents the first integrated treatment of many of the most important recent developments in using detailed dynamic models of robots to improve their control. The authors' work on automatic identification of kinematic and dynamic parameters, feedforward position control, stability in force control, and trajectory learning has significant implications for improving performance in future robot systems. All of the main ideas discussed in this book have been validated by experiments on a direct-drive robot arm.The book addresses the issues of building accurate robot models and of applying them for high performance control. It first describes how three sets of models - the kinematic model of the links and the inertial models of the links and of rigid-body loads - can be obtained automatically using experimental data. These models are then incorporated into position control, single trajectory learning, and force control. The MIT Serial Link Direct Drive Arm, on which these models were developed and applied to control, is one of the few manipulators currently suitable for testing such concepts.Contents: Introduction. Direct Drive Arms. Kinematic Calibration. Estimation of Load Inertial Parameters. Estimation of Link Inertial Parameters. Feedforward and Computed Torque Control. Model-Based Robot Learning. Dynamic Stability Issues in Force Control. Kinematic Stability Issues in Force Control. Conclusion.Chae An is Research Staff Member, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Christopher Atkeson is an Assistant Professor and John Hollerbach is an Associate Professor in the MIT Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. Model-Based Control of a Robot Manipulator is included in the Artificial Intelligence Series edited by Patrick Winston and Michael Brady.
Lednev’s model: Theory and experiment (2010)

The results of theoretical and experimental investigations of V.V. Lednev on interactions of weak and extremely weak magnetic fields with biosystems have been reviewed. The period since 1989, when the first version of the interference model has been suggested, until now has been considered. Some mathematical expressions, are presented, which have been published earlier in the papers that are now bibliographic rarity. The results of experimental investigations are also summarized that have been performed in this period under the supervision of V.V. Lednev in the laboratory of biophysics of intracellular regulation in the Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Deterministic high-speed root-hashing automaton matching coprocessor for embedded network processor (2007)

While string matching plays an important role in deep packet inspection applications, its software algorithms are insufficient to meet the demands of high-speed performance. Accordingly, we were motivated to propose fast and deterministic performance root-hashing automaton matching (RHAM) coprocessor for embedded network processor. Although automaton algorithms are robust with deterministic matching time, there is still plenty of room for improvement of their average-case performance. The proposed RHAM employs novel root-hashing technique to accelerate automaton matching. In our experiment, RHAM is implemented in a prevalent automaton algorithm, Aho-Corasick (AC) which is often used in many packet inspection applications. Compared to the original AC, RHAM only requires extra vector size in 48 Kbytes for root-hashing, and has about 900% and 420% outperformance for 20,000 URLs and 10,000 virus patterns respectively. Implementaion of RHAM FPGA can perform at the rate of 12.6 Gbps with the pattern amount in 34,215 bytes. This is superior to all previous matching hardware in terms of throughput and pattern set.
Sound Quality and Striking Position of a Conga Drum (2014)

The relationship between the location at which a drum membrane was struck and the quality of sound produced was investigated by striking the drum at several distances between the center and the rim. Through analyzing the harmonics of the wave produced from the impact, it was shown that as the striking location changes, the relative amplitudes of different modes of vibration also changes. It was found that sound of a higher pitch is produced at the rim of the drum than anywhere else on the drum head due to higher modes of vibration becoming dominant.
HISTORY AND LITERATURE OF GARDENING (2012)

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