gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of Cabin Suspension Characteristics of Heavy Commercial Vehicle (2008)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In the commercial vehicle business, Tractor-trailer combination vehicles are mostly used for carrying heavy loads for longer distances. To improve operating economy of the vehicle by reducing turn around time, it becomes a necessity to have a better driving comfort level for the vehicles.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In a Tractor-trailer combination vehicle, due to point load acting on the tractor, pitching effect on the cab is very dominant. To overcome this pitching effect, a fully suspended cabin (suspended at four points) has been designed in order to have better ride comfort as compared to the fixed cabin.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper discusses some of the measures taken to reduce the overall cabin pitching effect on Tractor -trailer combination vehicles.</div>
The analysis of 79 cases of adverse drug reaction reports (2010)

Objective Retrospective analysis the adverse drug reactions(ADR) occurred in our hospital to provide reference of rational drug usage.Methods ADRcase reports collected from our hospital in 2006-2008 were analyzed.Results ADR in our hospital were mainly caused by Anti-microbial agents(43.2%)and traditional Chinese medicines( 17.1%).ADRs were characterized chiefly by damages of skin and its appendages (39.8%)then damages of the circulatory system(27.1%)and the immune system.Conclusion Cultivation of professional quality and service quality of the professional staff should be strengthened and the Omnibearing ADR monitoring work should be deployed so as to lessen and avoid the occurrence of ADR,and to protect the safety of patients with drug.

Key words: 
Adverse drug reactions; Retrospective analysis; Rational drug usage
Effects of Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Alumina Filler on the Mechanical Properties of Polymer Composites (2015)

The focus of this paper is to explore the effects of MWCNTs/Alumina as filler on mechanical properties of polymer composite. Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) and Aluminum Nitrate (Al (NO3)3·9H2 O) wer e us ed as filler materia ls in MWCNT s-glass fib er reinforced epoxy composite. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) results showed homogenous dispersion of the Alumina fillers in MWCNTs. However, Aluminum Nitrate/MWCNTs based sample suffered from aggregation problem during the fabrication of composite. In addition, the uniaxial tensile tests, flexural and impact tests were employed to characterize mechanical properties of MWCNTs-based glass composite.The addition of 0.5 wt. % MWCNTs/Alumina fillers showed a significant improvement in tensile strength and flexural modulus of composite as compared to baseline virgin glass composite sample. The Aluminum Nitrate/MWCNTs-based composite showed higher tensile strength than Aluminum Oxide/MWCNTs-based composite. The flexural strength and modulus of Aluminum Oxide/MWCNTs-based composite was enhanced by 23% higher than other fillers composite. In particular, Aluminum Oxide addition seems to increase the impact strength approximately by 7% compare to non-heat treated and other fillers.
Grating Couplers on Silicon Photonics: Design Principles, Emerging Trends and Practical Issues (2020)

Silicon photonics is an enabling technology that provides integrated photonic devices and systems with low-cost mass manufacturing capability. It has attracted increasing attention in both academia and industry in recent years, not only for its applications in communications, but also in sensing. One important issue of silicon photonics that comes with its high integration density is an interface between its high-performance integrated waveguide devices and optical fibers or free-space optics. Surface grating coupler is a preferred candidate that provides flexibility for circuit design and reduces effort for both fabrication and alignment. In the past decades, considerable research efforts have been made on in-plane grating couplers to address their insufficiency in coupling efficiency, wavelength sensitivity and polarization sensitivity compared with out-of-plane edge-coupling. Apart from improved performances, new functionalities are also on the horizon for grating couplers. In this paper, we review the current research progresses made on grating couplers, starting from their fundamental theories and concepts. Then, we conclude various methods to improve their performance, including coupling efficiency, polarization and wavelength sensitivity. Finally, we discuss some emerging research topics on grating couplers, as well as practical issues such as testing, packaging and promising applications.
Roles of mitochondrial transcription factor A and microRNA-590-3p in the development of bladder cancer (2013)

Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) is required for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication and transcription. microRNAs (miRNAs) act as key factors in the regulation of gene expression. However, the roles of TFAM and certain miRNAs and their association in cancer development remain unclear. The present study reported that the expression of TFAM was significantly increased in bladder cancer, while the expression of miRNA-590-3p was downregulated. The luciferase assay showed that TFAM was the direct target of miRNA-590-3p. Furthermore, the forced overexpression of miRNA-590-3p significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and colony-forming ability of 5637 cells, which was in contrast with the results from the forced overexpression of TFAM in the 5637 cells. Furthermore, cell proliferation- and migration-related genes, including phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP9, were significantly downregulated in the miRNA-590-3p-overex-pressing 5637 cells, but upregulated in the TFAM-overexpressing cells. In conclusion, the present study suggested that TFAM, a direct target of miRNA-590-3p, may play a significant role in the tumorigenesis of bladder cancer and thus may be a promising target for cancer therapeutics.
Intelligence and Development: A Cognitive Theory (1992)

Acknowledgements. 1. The Scope of the Theory. 2. The Psychometrics of Intelligence: Fact or Fantasy? 3. The Intelligent Synapse. 4. Multiple Minds and Multiple Confusions. 5. Knowledge, Specific Abilities, and General Intelligence. 6. The Development of Intelligence. 7. Processing Speed and Development: Some Experiments. 8. Patterns of Abilities: Regularities or Chaos? 9. Conclusion. Bibliography. Index of Names. Index of Subjects.
Disparities in the Prevalence of Diagnosed Diabetes — United States, 1999–2002 and 2011–2014 (2016)

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus has increased rapidly in the United States since the mid-1990s. By 2014, an estimated 29.1 million persons, or 9.3% of the total population, had received a diagnosis of diabetes (1). Recent evidence indicates that the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes among non-Hispanic black (black), Hispanic, and poorly educated adults continues to increase but has leveled off among non-Hispanic whites (whites) and persons with higher education (2). During 2004-2010, CDC reported marked racial/ethnic and socioeconomic position disparities in diabetes prevalence and increases in the magnitude of these disparities over time (3). However, the magnitude and extent of temporal change in socioeconomic position disparities in diagnosed diabetes among racial/ethnic populations are unknown. CDC used data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) for the periods 1999-2002 and 2011-2014 to assess the magnitude of and change in socioeconomic position disparities in the age-standardized prevalence of diagnosed diabetes in the overall population and among blacks, whites, and Hispanics. During each period, significant socioeconomic position disparities existed in the overall population and among the assessed racial/ethnic populations. Disparities in prevalence increased with increasing socioeconomic disadvantage and widened over time among Hispanics and whites but not among blacks. The persistent widening of the socioeconomic position gap in prevalence suggests that interventions to reduce the risk for diabetes might have a different impact according to socioeconomic position.
Detection of Anisotropic Pulsating Flow and Its Velocity-Fluctuation Rate in Fertilized Bird Eggs by NMR Microimaging (1996)

Coherent and incoherent flows in fertilized quail and bantam eggs have been studied with the aid of NMR microimaging techniques in the course of incubation until the end of the sixth day. The methods employed were multiplane tagging NMR imaging and a NMR gradient-echo imaging pulse sequence supplemented by bipolar gradient pulses in the coherence-evolution interval. The latter technique is suited for recording of velocity maps as well as for localizing of regions with enhanced echo attenuation by incoherent motions. Slight coherent displacements in the middle of the upper part of the egg white were found after the fourth day of incubation with the aid of both pulse schemes. The maximum velocity was estimated to be 1 mmsoliduss. More pronounced effects revealed themselves in the examination of incoherent motions. After the same time of incubation and in a somewhat more restricted area of the upper part of the egg white, distinct motions could be localized consistently with either technique. It is shown that these motions are directed to and from the yolk. Furthermore, the analysis of the time fluctuations of the local signals with the aid of a Fourier transformation showed that the flow is largely of a pulsating nature. The pulsation frequency was found to be 0.4 Hz.
Neurology of the eyelids (1997)

The role of eyelids is to provide maximal protection to the eyeball without interfering with vision. To accomplish this purpose, an intricate neural network coordinates the lid and eye movements. The lid-eye synkinesis is ultimately based on common innervation of the levator palpebrae superioris (LPS) and the superior rectus muscles. The LPS is variously affected in numerous neurologic disorders. Because the eyelids are readily accessible for inspection, and because they conform to the fundamental laws of neurophysiology, different syndromes of eyelid dysfunction are of great value in topologic diagnosis.
Antitumor effects of cationic synthetic peptides derived from Lys49 phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> homologues of snake venoms (2006)

The effects of two cationic synthetic peptides, derived from the C-terminal region of Lys49 phospholipase A2 homologues from snake venoms, upon various murine tumor cell lines (B16 melanoma, EMT6 mammary carcinoma, S-180 sarcoma, P3X myeloma, tEnd endothelial cells) were evaluated. The peptides are 13-mers derived from Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus Lys49 PLA2 (p-AppK: KKYKAYFKLKCKK) and Bothrops asper Lys49 myotoxin II (pEM-2[D]: KKWRWWLKALAKK), respectively, in the latter case with slight modifications and with all-D amino acids. All tumor cells tested were susceptible to the lytic action of the peptides. The susceptibility of tumor cell lines was not higher than that of C2C12 skeletal muscle myoblasts, utilized as a non-transformed cell line control. However, in a murine model of subcutaneous solid tumor growth of EMT6 mammary carcinoma, the intraperitoneal administration of pEM-2[D] caused a tumor mass reduction of 36% (p<0.05), which was of similar magnitude to that achieved by the administration of paclitaxel, an antitumor drug in clinical use. Thus, the C-terminal peptides of Lys49 phospholipase A2 homologues present antitumor effects that might be of interest in developing therapeutic strategies against cancer.
NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY: APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN DIAGNOSIS, DRUG DISCOVERY AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT (2011)

Nanobiotechnology is a recently coined term describing the junction of the two existing but isolated worlds of engineering and molecular biology. It is a combination of three words: “nano” tiny, “bio” is living things, and “technology” is about tools. It refers to the ability to create and manipulate biological and biochemical materials, devices, and systems at atomic and molecular levels. Thus, it is an integration of physical sciences, molecular engineering, biology, chemistry, and biotechnology, and holds considerable promise of advances in pharmaceuticals and health care. Nanomaterials are at the leading edge of the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology. Their unique size-dependent properties make these materials superior, crucial in many areas of human activity, and above all a tiny tool to learn about living things. Consequently it applies the tools and processes of nanofabrication to build devices for studying biosystems. In this review we discussed the role of nanobiotechnology in molecular diagnosis, drug discovery, and development of nanomedicine and personalized medicine. The FDA approval is essential for clinical applications of nanotechnology and substantial regulatory problems could be encountered in the approval of nanotechnology-based products therefore we also discussed about the limitations of use of nanobiotechnology in drug discovery.
SmartSHELL : measuring and motivating human performance in an outdoor rowing environment (2011)

A system was built that has the capability to determine the state of a person's performance level and then uses this information to help encourage the person.The underlying hypothesis being that motivation is critical for performance, and that if it is administered properly, it can boost performance.Thanks to my dad, mom, and brother Jesse, who always supported me on all the difficult decisions made throughout my life.
<i>FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology</i>: dedicated to publishing high-quality research in medically and immunologically orientated fields of microbiology (2007)

Five microbiology journals are currently published under the auspices of the Federation of European Microbiological Societies (FEMS): FEMS Reviews , FEMS Yeast Research , FEMS Microbiology Letters , FEMS Microbiology Ecology and FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology (FEMSIM). From early 2006 onwards, production of these journals was transferred from Elsevier to Blackwell Publishing, and this constituted an optimal moment for reconsideration of the aims and scopes, position in the microbiological research community and specific foci of our journals. I would like here to share some of these changes with our readership. Obviously, the layout of FEMSIM changed and so did the editorial policies. Editor positions and editorial boards underwent various changes: the journal said farewell to long-standing editors Professors Stefan Kaufmann, Donald Weir and Trinad Chakraborty, who are …
An Introduction to the Atomic and Radiation Physics of Plasmas (2018)

Plasmas comprise more than 99% of the observable universe. They are important in many technologies and are key potential sources for fusion power. Atomic and radiation physics is critical for the diagnosis, observation and simulation of astrophysical and laboratory plasmas, and plasma physicists working in a range of areas from astrophysics, magnetic fusion, and inertial fusion utilise atomic and radiation physics to interpret measurements. This text develops the physics of emission, absorption and interaction of light in astrophysics and in laboratory plasmas from first principles using the physics of various fields of study including quantum mechanics, electricity and magnetism, and statistical physics. Linking undergraduate level atomic and radiation physics with the advanced material required for postgraduate study and research, this text adopts a highly pedagogical approach and includes numerous exercises within each chapter for students to reinforce their understanding of the key concepts.
SDN Controller Robustness and Distribution Framework (2017)

SDN improves network flexibility which is constrained by network protocol in a conventional network by decoupling the control plane and the data plane of the network. This is the reason why many companies and universities migrate their network to SDN, there will be more SDN network in the future. Yet SDN network mainly depends on the controller in the control plane. Hence, SDN controller robustness becomes an important issue, because a controller failure will result to a network outage.<br/><br/>OpenFlow is arguably the standard protocol for SDN network. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the robustness of the OpenFlow control plane. Several open source controllers such as OpenMul, Floodlight, Opendaylight, and ONOS have multiple controllers framework to tackle a controller failure. They provide failover mechanism, when there is a controller failure, a backup controller can take over to control the network. In this thesis a benchmark is conducted to measure how long the failover time of those open source controllers. Unfortunately their failover time is in order of seconds, which is way higher than 50ms, the acceptable standard of carrier-grade recovery time.<br/><br/>This thesis presents a solution that can improve SDN robustness: A Controller Robustness and Distribution Framework (ACRoDiF). ACRoDiF is compatible with several open source OpenFlow controllers such as Ryu, OpenMul, Floodlight, Opendaylight, and ONOS. ACRoDiF provides failover mechanism that has lower failover time than in the open source controllers: 76ms. It can also eliminate failover time completely if using two active primary controllers.
THE ROLE OF PUBLIC OPINION IN THE DESEGREGATION CONTROVERSY (1957)

Journal Article THE ROLE OF PUBLIC OPINION IN THE DESEGREGATION CONTROVERSY Get access Robert T. Bower, Robert T. Bower Chairman Bureau of Social Science Research Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Preston Valien, Preston Valien Speaker Fisk University“Desegregation as a Social Process in the South” Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Harry J. Walker, Harry J. Walker Speaker Howard University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Harold Mendelsohn, Harold Mendelsohn Speaker McCann-Erickson, Inc., “Theoretical and Methodological Considerations in a Case Study of Pupil Adjustment in Desegregation” Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Otto Klineberg, Otto Klineberg Discussants Columbia University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Oscar Cohen, Oscar Cohen Discussants Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith Samuel Stouffer, Harvard University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Samuel Stouffer, Samuel Stouffer Discussants Howard University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Denis F. Johnston Denis F. Johnston Reporter Howard University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Public Opinion Quarterly, Volume 21, Issue 3, FALL 1957, Pages 406–409, https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/21.3.406 Published: 01 January 1957
Rhetoric and the State—Aristotle and His Predecessors (2015)

Abstract When Aristotle, in the Rhetoric, sets out his own understanding of rhetoric, he does so by distinguishing it from the rival views of his predecessors, and argues for its merits in relation to theirs. This chapter seeks to identify the particular theorists that Aristotle has in view in the Rhetoric, and to set out their understanding of the expertise. Particular attention is paid on the one hand to Thrasymachus and Gorgias as representatives of the tradition of teaching rhetoric and writing handbooks on the ‘Art of Speaking’, and, on the other, to the more austere and high-minded view of rhetoric found in Plato’s dialogues, particularly Gorgias and Phaedrus, with its forceful criticisms of the Thrasymachean and Gorgianic tradition.
Micro Financing of NGOs and Government: Collaborative Impact on Poverty Eradication (2011)

Poverty reduction has been declared as the most important millennium development goal not only by the world level organizations and institutions, but also by the government of Pakistan. Micro-credit is considered as a prime tool to fight back poverty. After the success of Grameen Bank of Bangladesh multiple other banks and micro finance institutions (MFIâ€™s) like Banko Soladerio of Latin America, Indonesiaâ€™s BRI-UD, BAAC in Thailand, BRAC in Bangladesh and VBSP in Vietnam have been working on almost the similar pattern. In Pakistan different NGOs like AKRSP, Orangi pilot project, Kashf foundation and others have started working for the past few years basically to eradicate poverty and for women empowerment. The government institutions are also seriously making an effort to eradicate poverty through micro financing schemes. Government of Pakistan has selected the RSP (rural support program) model for micro-financing. The success of both government institutions and NGOs is not very outstanding to meet the basic objective of poverty eradication. The aim of this paper is to see the possibility of collaboration between the NGOs and the government to achieve the desired common goal. It is hypothesized that if government and NGOs work together and collaborate each other, the effectiveness of micro financing schemes could be strengthened.
Highly Sensitive and Quality Self-Testable Electrochemiluminescence Assay of DNA Methyltransferase Activity Using Multifunctional Sandwich-Assembled Carbon Nitride Nanosheets (2018)

DNA methylation catalyzed by methylase plays a key role in many biological activities. However, developing a highly sensitive, simple, and reliable way for evaluation of DNA methyltransferase (MTase) activity is still a challenge. Here, we report a sandwich-assembled electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor using multifunctional carbon nitride nanosheets (CNNS) to evaluate the Dam MTase activity. The CNNS could not only be used as an excellent substrate to conjugate a large amount of hairpin probe DNA to improve the sensitivity but also be utilized as an internal reliability checker and an analyte reporter in the bottom and top layers of the biosensor, respectively. Such a unique sandwich configuration of CNNS well coupled the advantages of ECL luminophor that were generally assembled in the bottom or top layer in a conventional manner. As a result, the biosensor exhibited an ultralow detection limit down to 0.043 U/mL and a linear range between 0.05 and 80 U/mL, superior to the MTase activity assay in most previous reports. We highlighted the great potential of emerging CNNS luminophor in developing highly sensitive and smart quality self-testable ECL sensing systems using a sandwiched configuration for early disease diagnosis, treatment, and management.
PD 0332991, a selective cyclin D kinase 4/6 inhibitor, sensitizes lung cancer cells to treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (2016)

Acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) is a major challenge to targeted therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated whether a cyclin D kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor, PD 0332991, could reverse EGFR-TKI resistance in human lung cancer cells and explored the underlying mechanisms. We found that PD 0332991 potentiated gefitinib-induced growth inhibition in both EGFR-TKI-sensitive (PC-9) and EGFR-TKI-resistant (PC-9/AB2) cells by down-regulating proliferation and inducing apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Tumor xenografts were then used to verify the effects of PD 0332991 in vivo. Mice treated with a combination of PD 0332991 and gefitinib had the fastest tumor regression and delayed relapse. Tumors from mice receiving the combination treatment exhibited down-regulated proliferation, up-regulated apoptosis, and less angiogenesis. Finally, lung adenocarcinoma patients with acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs were given an exploratory treatment of PD 0332991. One patient with gefitinib resistance exhibited clinical remission after treatment with PD 0332991. These findings suggest PD 0332991 reverses acquired EGFR-TKI-resistance in NSCLC cells, and may provide a novel treatment strategy for NSLSC patients with EGFR-TKI resistance.