gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relationship of STAT3-mediated treatment resistance on activated MAPK signaling in pancreatic cancer. (2012)

181 Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most difficult human malignancies to treat due to its intrinsic (de novo) and extrinsic (acquired) chemoresistance. We have previously identified constitutively activated STAT3 as a mediator of treatment resistance. Src or EGFR activate STAT3 and promote STAT3 mediated tumor progression and mediate communication within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The purpose of this study was to further understand the molecular mechanisms of stromal-mediated chemoresistance in PDAC to generate new and promising targeted therapies. Methods: We characterized the expression of total and activated STAT3 and MAPK proteins in human pancreatic tissues (n=106), PDAC cell lines (n=9) and in PanIn lesions, primary PDAC and liver metastasis cell lines generated from tumors established in genetically engineered mice. Effects of STAT3 and MAPK inhibition (drug or siRNA) were assessed for phosphorylation of STAT3, Src, MAPK, EGFR and GSK3β and expression of cyclin-D1, SPARC, VEGF, fibronectin, CD31 and tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo. Results: STAT3 activation is necessary for the malignant phenotype and affects survival in PDAC. In both human and mouse PDAC cell lines and tissues, there is an inverse correlation between activation of STAT3 on MAPK and GSK3β signaling. Inhibition of STAT3 reciprocally activated MAPK, GSK3β, Src and EGFR which led to subsequent reactivation of STAT3. Targeting both STAT3 and MAPK inhibited activation of STAT3, MAPK, GSK3β, Src, EGFR and cyclin-D1. Combined inhibition of STAT3 and MAPK overcame STAT3 mediated resistance and resulted in synergistic inhibition of tumorigenicity as well as inhibition of the tumor stroma, angiogenesis and hypoxia within the TME. Conclusions: The mechanism of STAT3-mediated treatment resistance is dependent on activation of MAPK signaling which in turn leads to reactivation of multiple oncogenic signaling pathways. Combined inhibition of STAT3 and MAPK overcomes therapeutic resistance, targets the TME and reduces tumorigenicity in PDAC. Targeting STAT3 and MAPK is a potent treatment regimen and may be a novel approach to enhance drug delivery and improve therapeutic response in PDAC.
Goodpasture Autoantibodies Unmask Cryptic Epitopes by Selectively Dissociating Autoantigen Complexes Lacking Structural Reinforcement (2005)

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis in Goodpasture disease is mediated by autoantibodies binding to the non-collagenous NC1 domain of alpha3(IV) collagen in the glomerular basement membrane. Goodpasture epitopes in the native autoantigen are cryptic (sequestered) within the NC1 hexamers of the alpha3alpha4alpha5(IV) collagen network. The biochemical mechanism for crypticity and exposure for autoantibody binding is not known. We now report that crypticity is a feature of the quaternary structure of two distinct subsets of alpha3alpha4alpha5(IV) NC1 hexamers: autoantibody-reactive M-hexamers containing only monomer subunits and autoantibody-impenetrable D-hexamers composed of both dimer and monomer subunits. Goodpasture antibodies only breach the quaternary structure of M-hexamers, unmasking the cryptic epitopes, whereas D-hexamers are resistant to autoantibodies under native conditions. The epitopes of D-hexamers are structurally sequestered by dimer reinforcement of the quaternary complex, which represents a new molecular solution for conferring immunologic privilege to a potential autoantigen. Dissociation of non-reinforced M-alpha3alpha4alpha5(IV) hexamers by Goodpasture antibodies is a novel mechanism whereby pathogenic autoantibodies gain access to cryptic B cell epitopes. These findings provide fundamental new insights into immune privilege and the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of human autoimmune Goodpasture disease.
Development of Erosion Hotspots for a Watershed (2013)

The loss of topsoil in the United States has resulted in low crop yield, reduction of reservoir capacity, cost increase of water treatment, and detrimental effects on aquatic life and wildlife habitats. An initial step for taking conservation measures in any watershed is to identify locations where erosion protection measures are needed. Applying the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and a geographic information system (GIS), this study attempts to locate the most erodible locations, namely erosion hotspots, for a watershed. Using GIS, the watershed is divided into 25×25-m grids and the RUSLE, including rainfall-runoff erosivity factor, soil erodibility factor, combined slope length and slope steepness factor, cover management factor, and support practice factor, is applied for the estimation of soil erosion potential for each grid cell. By ranking these grid values of erosion potential in a descending order, the top 1% and corresponding locations are defined as the erosion hot spots, which can be expressed in an erosion hotspot map. Applying this method to the Charles Mill Lake Watershed in Ohio, it is found that the erosion hotspots for the watershed under investigation are generally located in the areas of strip mine and cropland/pasture.
Electron scattering and related phenomena in SCALPEL/sup TM/ (2002)

Summary form only given. Various scattering phenomena involved with the energetic (100 keV) electrons carrying the mask pattern information to the wafer through the projection optics are discussed. These phenomena can be grouped into three major categories. (i) Elastic electron scattering in the mask responsible for aerial image intensity and contrast, (ii) Inelastic electron scattering in the mask-membrane and its possible negative effects; energy spread (chromatic aberrations), membrane charging, and mask heating. (iii) Coulomb interactions of electrons in the beam (space charge) generating beam blur that links the system throughput and resolution. Analytical models, developed to describe the variety of electron interaction effects, are described briefly while their implication for the development and optimization of the electron projection lithography systems is discussed in detail.
HIGH RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY OF THE $OsO_{4}$ FUNDAMENTAL AT $961\, cm^{-1}$ (1978)

The $\\nu_{3}$ bands of $^{187} OSO_{4}, ^{189}OSP_{4},$ and $^{192}OSO_{4}$ have been recorded using both a Michelson Interferometer (resolution $0.06\\, cm^{-1}$) and a tunable semiconductor diode laser (resolution Doppler-limited to $0.0007\\, cm^{-1}$). A total of 112 individual vibration-rotation lines in the P and R branches of the three isotopic species were calibrated against emission lines from a high-voltage $CO_{2}$ gain cell, and were used to determine three scalar and two tensor spectroscopic constants for each species: an additional scalar constant was obtained from an analysis of the $^{192}OSO_{4}$ Q branch. We have also determined the vibrational transition moment for the band from line strength measurements, and have determined the general quadratic symmetry and valence force constants. The application of these results to the interpretation of saturation spectroscopy experiments will be discussed.
SPECIFIC INHIBITION OF TUMOR CELL DNA SYNTHESIS <i>In Vitro</i> BY LYMPHOCYTES FROM PERITONEAL EXUDATE OF IMMUNIZED SYNGENEIC GUINEA PIGS (1970)

Tumor immunity to a transplantable diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatoma in inbred guinea pigs has been found to be immunologically specific and cell mediated. We have investigated this cellular immunity using a quantitative, reproducible, and simple assay based on the ability of leucocytes to inhibit the incorporation of tritiated thymidine (TdR(3)H) by tumor cells. Tumor cell suspensions were obtained from the ascites form or tissue culture monolayers of the hepatoma. Cells from the peritoneal exudate of immunized guinea pigs inhibited tritiated thymidine uptake by tumor target cells to a significantly greater degree than cells from the peritoneal exudate of unimmunized animals. Immune lymph node, peripheral blood, and spleen leucocytes were not inhibitory. The assay was sufficiently sensitive to detect relatively weak tumor immunity. The in vitro inhibition was correlated directly with the presence of delayed hypersensitivity and/or inhibition of tumor cell growth in local passive transfer studies. Irradiation of peritoneal exudate cells (3000 R) blocked their inhibitory effects on tumor cells. Fractionation of the peritoneal exudate cells by centrifugation in zones of bovine serum albumin of different density also revealed the lymphocytes to be responsible for the specific inhibitory effects whereas macrophages inhibited in an immunologically nonspecific fashion.
Characterization of a New Metallo-β-Lactamase Gene, <i>bla</i> <sub>NDM-1</sub> , and a Novel Erythromycin Esterase Gene Carried on a Unique Genetic Structure in <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Sequence Type 14 from India (2009)

A Swedish patient of Indian origin traveled to New Delhi, India, and acquired a urinary tract infection caused by a carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain that typed to the sequence type 14 complex. The isolate, Klebsiella pneumoniae 05-506, was shown to possess a metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) but was negative for previously known MBL genes. Gene libraries and amplification of class 1 integrons revealed three resistance-conferring regions; the first contained bla(CMY-4) flanked by ISEcP1 and blc. The second region of 4.8 kb contained a complex class 1 integron with the gene cassettes arr-2, a new erythromycin esterase gene; ereC; aadA1; and cmlA7. An intact ISCR1 element was shown to be downstream from the qac/sul genes. The third region consisted of a new MBL gene, designated bla(NDM-1), flanked on one side by K. pneumoniae DNA and a truncated IS26 element on its other side. The last two regions lie adjacent to one another, and all three regions are found on a 180-kb region that is easily transferable to recipient strains and that confers resistance to all antibiotics except fluoroquinolones and colistin. NDM-1 shares very little identity with other MBLs, with the most similar MBLs being VIM-1/VIM-2, with which it has only 32.4% identity. As well as possessing unique residues near the active site, NDM-1 also has an additional insert between positions 162 and 166 not present in other MBLs. NDM-1 has a molecular mass of 28 kDa, is monomeric, and can hydrolyze all beta-lactams except aztreonam. Compared to VIM-2, NDM-1 displays tighter binding to most cephalosporins, in particular, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, and cephalothin (cefalotin), and also to the penicillins. NDM-1 does not bind to the carbapenems as tightly as IMP-1 or VIM-2 and turns over the carbapenems at a rate similar to that of VIM-2. In addition to K. pneumoniae 05-506, bla(NDM-1) was found on a 140-kb plasmid in an Escherichia coli strain isolated from the patient's feces, inferring the possibility of in vivo conjugation. The broad resistance carried on these plasmids is a further worrying development for India, which already has high levels of antibiotic resistance.
Esters of Iopanoic Acid as Liver-Specific CT Contrast Agents (1984)

The synthesis and preliminary biodistribution data for a series of sterol-like esters of iopanoic acid having potential value as liver-specific CT contrast agents are described. Structural modification of the sterol portion of the iopanoate ester afforded a group of compounds that displayed tissue specificity similar to cholesteryl iopanoate, the prototype ester of this series, but were rapidly cleared from the target tissues after hydrolysis. From the biodistribution data, the most promising of these agents, pregnenolone iopanoate (PI), was evaluated by CT in rabbits receiving a radiologic dose equivalent to 30 mg I/kg. The hepatic parenchyma was enhanced within 2 h of infusion to a maximal level of 31 HU above precontrast values. Hepatic CT attenuation returned to normal within 24 h. However, CT performed after PI infusion into Vx2 tumor-bearing rabbits failed to provide superior images compared with those acquired following bolus administration of urographic contrast.
Optical PAyload for Lasercomm Science (OPALS) link validation (2015)

Recently several day and nighttime links under diverse atmospheric conditions were completed using the Optical Payload for Lasercomm Science (OPALS) flight system on-board the International Space Station (ISS). In this paper we compare measured optical power and its variance at either end of the link with predictions that include atmospheric propagation models. For the 976 nm laser beacon mean power transmitted from the ground to the ISS the predicted mean irradiance of 10's of microwatts per square meter close to zenith and its decrease with range and increased air mass shows good agreement with predictions. The irradiance fluctuations sampled at 100 Hz also follow the expected increase in scintillation with air mass representative of atmospheric coherence lengths at zenith at 500 nm in the 3-8 cm range. The downlink predicted power of 100's of nanowatts was also reconciled within the uncertainty of the atmospheric losses. Expected link performance with uncoded bit-error rates less than 1E-4 required for the Reed-Solomon code to correct errors for video, text and file transmission was verified. The results of predicted and measured powers and fluctuations suggest the need for further study and refinement.
Fabrication of Textured BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Ceramics by Electrophoretic Deposition in A High Magnetic Field using Single-domain Particles (2013)

BaTiO3 (BT) ceramics were prepared by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) or slip casting (SC) in a high magnetic field (HM) of 12 T using single-domain or multi-domain BT particles. The {110}-oriented BT ceramics with a Lotgering factor of 25% were prepared by HM-EPD of the single-domain BT particles, while no texture was observed for the BT ceramics prepared by HM-SC of the single-domain BT particles and for the BT ceramics prepared using the multi-domain BT particles regardless of the preparation methods. These results were discussed with factors that reduced the magnetic anisotropy of the BT particles.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Properties, and Bishomoaromaticity of the First Tetrahalogenated Derivative of a 1,5‐Diphosphadithiatetrazocine: A Combined Experimental and Computational Investigation. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Coherent Interaction of Three-Dimensionally Confined Electron–Hole Pairs with LO-Phonons (1997)

The spectrally resolved FWM signal of CdSe quantum dots with sizes below the bulk excitonic Bohr radius has been studied as a function of temperature and excitation intensity and compared with bulk CdSe. A clear oscillation with a period of 163 fs (≈︂ 25 meV) is found in the transient FWM signal and attributed to a coherent coupling of confined electron–hole pairs with LO-phonons. Two side bands are observed in the spectrum 25 meV below and above the excitonic resonance. The strong coupling to LO-phonons is observed even at excitation densities around 1×1016 cm—3 which is close to the bulk value of the Mott density.
Self-similarity of passive scalar flow in grid turbulence with a mean cross-stream gradient (2015)

Scaling of grid turbulence with a constant mean cross-stream temperature gradient is investigated using a combination of theoretical predictions and experimental data. A novel nanoscale temperature probe (T-NSTAP) was used to acquire temperature data. Conditions for self-similarity of the governing equations and the scalar spectrum are investigated, which reveals necessary conditions for the existence of a self-similar solution. These conditions provide a theoretical framework for scaling of the temperature spectrum as well as the temperature flux spectrum. One necessary condition, predicted by the theory, is that the characteristic length scale describing the scalar spectrum must vary as $\sqrt{t}$ in the case of a zero virtual origin for a self-similar solution to exist. As predicted by the similarity analysis, the data show the variance growing as a power law with streamwise position. When scaled with the similarity variable, as found through the theoretical analysis, the temperature spectra show a good collapse over all wavenumbers. A new method to determine the quality of the scaling was developed, comparing the coefficient of variation. The minimum coefficient of variation, and thus the best scaling, for the measured spectra agrees well with the similarity requirements. The theoretical work also reveals an additional requirement related to the scaling of the scalar flux spectrum.
Repair and Replication of X-irradiated HeLa Cell DNA (1971)

SummaryNon-semi-conservative DNA synthesis assayed by CsCl density gradient analysis has been detected in synchronous G1-phase HeLa cells irradiated with less than 1000 rads x-rays. The dose response is linearly proportional up to 5000 rads. A time course study shows the ‘repair’ is completed during 1–2 hours after irradiation. 80 per cent of the ‘repaired’ DNA is subsequently replicated.
Prostaglandin E Synthesis and Release by Murine Macrophages and Human Monocytes After in Vitro Treatment with Biological Response Modifiers (1983)

Prostaglandins of the E series (PGE), produced by mononuclear phagocytes, have many biological activities and are involved in the regulation of myelopoiesis and of the cytotoxic activities of macrophage (M phi) and natural killer (NK) cells. Since one of the possible effects of biological response modifiers (BRMs) on immune regulation might be modulation of PGE production, resident peritoneal murine M phi (mM phi) and elutriated human blood monocytes (hM) were incubated with BRMs and the supernatants were then assayed for PGE. Control mM phi produced about 4.9 ng PGE/10(5) mM phi over a 24 hr period. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1-5 micrograms/ml), polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid complexed with poly-L-lysine (Poly ICLC, 0.1-10 micrograms/ml) and murine alpha, beta-interferon, (IFN, 10-1000 U/ml) all caused a highly significant increase in PGE-secretion. BM41.332, a 2-cyanoaziridine (25-50 micrograms/ml), was found to be less stimulatory, whereas the pyran copolymer MVE-2 (25-50 micrograms/ml), and Azimexone (25-50 micrograms/ml) had marginal effects on PGE-production. Kinetic studies showed that the plateau of PGE-production by mM phi occurred during the first 24 hr of incubation, and mM phi which were washed after a 24 hr incubation period could not be restimulated to produce more PGE. PGE release by hM was increased after stimulation with LPS, Poly IGLC and BM41.332, whereas human IFNs (alpha and beta) induced a slight decrease in PGE production. As in the murine studies, Azimexone and MVE-2 had no detectable effect. The ability of some BRMs to augment PGE-secretion by mM phi and hM may contribute to their negative effects on host responses, such as suppression of NK cell activity.
An automatic, systematic and user-friendly computer-aided planner for robotized assembly (2002)

An automatic, systematic, and user-friendly approach to computer-aided assembly planning is presented. The automatic aspect of the methodology involved a reduction of the interactions with a human operator. In order to avoid the omission of one or several interesting sequences, this systematic method can generate all the valid sequences of a product. This approach is user-friendly because the intermediate and final results presented are easily understandable by the user despite the combinational explosion of results. Several results of the methodology are presented and discussed on the basis of a concrete case study.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A family of distortion measures base upon projection operation for robust speech recognition (2003)

The authors aim at the formulation of similarity measures for robust speech recognition. Their consideration focuses on the speech cepstrum derived from linear prediction coefficients (the LPC cepstrum). By using common models for noisy speech, they analytically and empirically show how the ambient noise can affect some important attributes of the LPC cepstrum such as the vector norm, coefficient order, and the direction perturbation. The new findings led them to propose a family of distortion measures based on the projection between two cepstral vectors. Performance evaluation of these measures has been conducted in both speaker-dependent and speaker-independent isolated word recognition tasks. Experimental results show that the new measures cause no degradation in recognition accuracy at high SNR, but perform significantly better when tested under noisy conditions using only clean reference templates. At an SNR of 5 dB, the new measures are shown to be able to achieve a recognition rate equivalent to that obtained by the filtered cepstral measure at 20 dB SNR, demonstrating a gain of 15 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modified intranuclear organization of regulatory factors in human acute leukemias: Reversal after treatment (2000)

Acute leukemias arise secondary to chromosomal aberrations that cause dysfunctions in gene regulation and regulatory factors. Significant differences in morphology between acute leukemic and nonleukemic hematopoietic cells are readily observed. How morphologic changes of the nuclei of acute leukemic cells relate to the underlying functional alterations of gene expression is minimally understood. Spatial modifications in the representation and/or organization of regulatory factors may be functionally linked to perturbations of gene expression in acute leukemic cells. Using in situ immunofluorescence microscopy, we addressed the interrelationships of modifications in nuclear morphology with the intranuclear distribution of leukemia-related regulatory factors (including ALL-1, PML, and AF-9) in cells from patients with acute leukemia. We compared the localization of leukemia-associated proteins with various factors involved in gene transcription and RNA processing (e.g., RNA polymerase II and SC-35). Our findings suggest that there are leukemia-associated aberrations in mechanisms that direct regulatory factors to sites within the nucleus. This misplacement of key cognate factors may contribute to perturbations in gene expression characteristic of leukemias.
Prediction of edge failure of dual phase 780 steel subjected to hole expansion (2013)

The edge failure of a dual phase steel, DP780, under hole expansion (stretch flange) deformation conditions is examined. In order to assess the effect of damage processes without the presence of notches due to shearing, machined holes with a smooth edge condition were expanded with a conical punch. Images of the expansion as well as punch load-displacement were recorded during the tests. The GISSMO damage based failure criteria was implemented in a finite element model to predict the load-displacement of the punch and the initial crack formation. This failure criteria was calibrated using the effective plastic failure strain versus triaxiality data obtained from a set of uniaxial and notched tensile samples. The predicted punch load-displacement curve was found to be in agreement with observations including the load drop at the onset of failure. The predicted peak load of 23.4kN compared favorably to the observed peak of 24.4kN. The model predicted a hole expansion ratio of 53.4% and compared well to the experimentally observed ratio of 51.0% ± 10.0%.