gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BIOLOGICAL UV‐DOSES AND THE EFFECT OF AN OZONE LAYER DEPLETION (1989)

Effective UV-doses were calculated based on the integrated product of the biological action spectrum (the one proposed by IEC, which extends to 400 nm, was adopted) and the spectral irradiance. The calculations include absorption and scattering of UV-radiation in the atmosphere, both for normal ozone conditions as well as for a depleted ozone layer. For Scandinavian latitudes the effective annual UV-dose increases by approximately 4% per degrees of latitude towards the Equator. An ozone depletion of one percent increases the annual UV-dose by approximately 1% at 60 degrees N (increases slightly at lower latitudes). A large depletion of 50% over Scandinavia (60 degrees N) would give these countries an effective UV-dose similar to that obtained, with normal ozone conditions, at a latitude of 40 degrees N (California or the Mediterranean countries). The Antarctic ozone hole increases the annual UV-dose by 20 to 25% which is a similar increase as that attained by moving 5 to 6 degrees of latitude nearer the Equator. The annual UV-dose at higher latitudes is mainly determined by the summer values of ozone. Both the ozone values and the effective UV-doses vary from one year to another (within +/- 4%). No positive or negative trend is observed for Scandinavia from 1978 to 1988.
Adhesion behavior of rat lymphocytes on poly(γ‐benzyl <scp>L</scp>‐glutamate) derivatives having hydroxyl groups or poly(ethylene glycol) chains (1984)

Abstract Poly[γ‐benzyl L ‐glutamate (BLG)‐ co ‐ N 5 ‐(3‐hydroxypropyl)‐ L ‐glutamine (HLG)] ( 3 ) and polyBLG/poly(ethylene glycol) (PBLG/PEG) block copolymers ( 6 ) were synthesized, and the adhesion behavior of rat lymphnode lymphocytes on these polymers was examined by the column method. An increase in the HLG content of polymer 3 caused a slight decrease in lymphocyte adhesivity. Lymphocyte subpopulation B cells were found to be more adhesive to polymers 3 than T cells, by a factor of 1,4 – 1,6. On the other hand, an increase in the PEG content of PBLG/PEG block copolymer caused a remarkable decrease inlymphocyte adhesivity and an increase in selectivity in the adhesivity between B cells and T cells up to a factor of 2,3.
Adenosine receptor agonists (2002)

Adenosine, a naturally-occurring nucleoside, modulates a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes. The effects of adenosine are mediated via a family of cell surface G-protein-coupled receptors designated into four subtypes, A1, A2A, A2B and A3. The adenosine receptors have widespread tissue distribution and are often co-expressed in the same cell type. Research on adenosine receptors over the past few decades has resulted in the molecular cloning of the four subtypes from multiple species, significant progress in identifying selective agonists and antagonists and an increased understanding of the particular roles adenosine receptor subtypes play in physiological processes. This knowledge has continued to fuel considerable interest in pursuing adenosine receptors as therapeutic targets. For example, adenosine receptor agonists have been proposed for the treatment of heart arrhythmias, inflammatory diseases and in diagnosing coronary artery disease. In general, adenosine receptor agonists are derivatives of the physiological agonist, adenosine. The development of adenosine receptor agonists has been limited by an essential requirement for retention of the ribose moiety for agonist activity. Despite this restriction, significant progress has been made in the identification of potent and selective adenosine receptor agonists, some of which have entered clinical trials.
Laminar distribution and sources of catecholaminergic input to the optic tectum of the pigeon (<i>Columba livia</i>) (1995)

A combined immunohistochemical and retrograde tracing approach was used to characterize the catecholaminergic innervation of the optic tectum (TeO), the major target of retinal projections in many avian species. Giemsa counterstaining was employed to determine precisely the laminar localization of immunoreactive fibers and presumptive terminals. The TeO of the pigeon is densely innervated by fibers immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), which are most heavily distributed to the superficial layers of its dorsal and anterior portions. Within the dorsal-anterior tectum, TH-immunoreactive processes are particularly dense in retinorecipient layers 4 and 7 and in layer 5a. As in the mammalian superior colliculus, the bulk of the catecholaminergic innervation of the pigeon TeO reflects inputs, presumably noradrenergic, originating in the locus coeruleus and nucleus subcoeruleus. However, the catecholaminergic innervation of the pigeon TeO shows several features distinct from those reported for the mammalian superior colliculus. These include an input from a pretectal TH-positive cell group unknown in mammals and the presence of residual TH immunoreactivity after administration of the noradrenergic neurotoxin DSP-4. Moreover, the pattern of TH-immunoreactive fibers in pigeon TeO indicates more laminar and regional specialization within this structure than has been reported for the catecholaminergic innervation of the superior colliculus in mammals.
Dynamics of collective performance in collaboration networks (2018)

Today, many complex tasks are assigned to teams, rather than individuals. One reason for teaming up is expansion of the skill coverage of each individual to the joint team skill set. However, numerous empirical studies of human groups suggest that the performance of equally skilled teams can widely differ. Two natural question arise: What are the factors defining team performance? and How can we best predict the performance of a given team on a specific task? While the team members' task-related capabilities constrain the potential for the team's success, the key to understanding team performance is in the analysis of the team process, encompassing the behaviors of the team members during task completion. In this study, we extend the existing body of research on team process and prediction models of team performance. Specifically, we analyze the dynamics of historical team performance over a series of tasks as well as the fine-grained patterns of collaboration between team members, and formally connect these dynamics to the team performance in the predictive models. Our major qualitative finding is that higher performing teams have well-connected collaboration networks-as indicated by the topological and spectral properties of the latter-which are more robust to perturbations, and where network processes spread more efficiently. Our major quantitative finding is that our predictive models deliver accurate team performance predictions-with a prediction error of 15-25%-on a variety of simple tasks, outperforming baseline models that do not capture the micro-level dynamics of team member behaviors. We also show how to use our models in an application, for optimal online planning of workload distribution in an organization. Our findings emphasize the importance of studying the dynamics of team collaboration as the major driver of high performance in teams.
Auditory issues in handheld land mine detectors (1999)

Most handled landmine detection systems use tones or other simple acoustic signals to provide detector information to the operator. Such signals are not necessarily the best carriers of information about the characteristics of hidden objects. To be effective, the auditory signals must present the information in a manner that the operator can comfortably and efficiently, the auditory signals must present the information in a manner that the operator can comfortably and efficiently interpret under stress and high mental load. The signals must also preserve their audibility and specific properties in various adverse acoustic environments. This paper will present several issues on optimizing the audio display interface between the operator and machine.
All-Electron Density Functional Study on Electronic Structure, Stability, and Ni−Ni Bonding in Polynuclear Nickel Complexes with Bridging Alkyne Ligands (1999)

The method of density functional theory (DFT) has been used to study chain propagation reactions of zerovalent nickel complexes containing acetylene and σ-donor ligands. The calculations were carried out with all-electron basis sets of triple-ξ quality for the valence region and augmented with polarization functions. Gradient-optimized structures are compared with known experimental data. Stationary points on the potential energy surfaces are characterized by means of calculated vibrational analyses. Computed energetics of the aggregation reaction L2Ni(C2H2) + L‘2Ni(C2H2) → L2Ni(C2H2)NiL‘2 + C2H2 (2L = C2H2, L‘ = NH3 (2a); 2L = Ni(C2H2)2, 2L‘ = C2H2 (3a); 2L = 2L‘ = C2H2 (7); 2L = C2H2, 2L‘ = none (10); L = L‘ = PH3 (11), CO (12), none (13)) together with results of natural bond orbital (NBO) population analyses are used in the discussion of metal−metal bonding and the thermodynamic stability of acetylene-bridged polynuclear Ni(0) compounds. Ni−Ni interactions in 2a, 3a, 7, and 11−13 are compared with those in the hypothetical molecule [NiL2]2 (L = PH3 (9), 2L = C2H2 (10)) as well as with the d9−d9 system of the existing (μ-C2H2)[Ni(C5H5)]2 (8).
Towards surround stereo vision: Analysis of a new surround view camera configuration for driving assistance applications (2014)

We propose a new camera configuration for automotive surround view systems where the criteria for which the camera mountings are optimized is derived not from visualization, but optimal depth measurements. We show that based on special algorithmic processing [1] it is feasible to achieve 3D reconstruction in almost the complete surrounding of the car. In order to accomplish this, more than 4 cameras are required and the positions have to be carefully selected. An analysis of the proposed configuration is performed with regard to the field of view overlaps and we show that the estimated depth is good compared to reference measurements conducted with a lidar sensor.
Theoretical low-frequency transmission loss over an attenuating sediment-rock bottom (1978)

Computations of transmission loss were made for a shallow source (10 m) and a receiver at 550-m depth in 3600 m of water using the Kutschale Fast Field Program algorithm. The transmission medium consisted of the water column with typical Atlantic sound speed profile; a 200-m-thick sediment layer (d = 200 M) with average sound speed, density and attenuation profiles according to Hamilton; and an elastic half-space with physical properties of rock, including shear attenuation of 5 dB/wavelength as suggested by historical dale [Attewell et al., Geophysics 31, 1049–1056 (1966)] and recent measurements by the authors. For a rock bottom only, shear wave attenuation increased transmission loss dramatically (40 dB at 10 Hz and 500 km). Together with the sediment layer the loss decreased at frequencies where the wavelength λ &lt; d (20 dB at 10 Hz). At sufficiently small wavelengths the process may be viewed as turning rays that avoid interaction with the high-loss rock interface but suffer attenuation losses along refracting paths within the sediment. Sediment enhanced transmission is thus limited at low frequencies by the layer thickness and high frequencies by the frequency-dependent sediment attenuation.
36-GHz 140-Mb/s radio-over-fiber transmission using an optical injection phase-lock loop source (2001)

We report the first millimeter-wave radio-over-fiber transmission demonstration using optical phase-lock loop techniques. A 36-GHz 140-Mb/s ASK modulated carrier was transmitted through 65 km of standard single-mode fiber with a bit-error rate (BER) of <10/sup -9/, using an optical injection phase-lock loop based on fiber-pigtailed commercially available components.
A novel surfactant-based immobilization method for varying substrate-bound fibronectin (2000)

Most biomaterials can be rendered adhesive for anchorage-dependent cells by adsorption of serum, isolated extracellular matrix proteins, or immobilization of peptide sequences. However, difficulties are frequently encountered in characterizing the adsorbed layer due to conformational changes in the molecules following adsorption and interference from nonspecifically adsorbed molecules. In this study, we have investigated a technique for covalently immobilizing fibronectin to the PEO-containing triblock copolymer Pluronic F108 ("F108"). We have compared this technique to solution adsorption of fibronectin for its ability to provide controlled variation of bound fibronectin and regulation of fibroblast behavior. Both simple adsorption and covalent immobilization were effective for varying substrate-bound fibronectin. However, adsorption of fibronectin did not effectively regulate fibroblast attachment or spreading in either serum-free or serum-containing media. Fibroblast attachment, spreading, cytoskeletal organization, and proliferation were effectively regulated in response to fibronectin immobilized to F108. Furthermore, F108-treated surfaces without immobilized fibronectin did not support nonspecific fibroblast attachment, even in the presence of serum-containing medium. Fibroblasts were observed to only proliferate on surfaces with high levels of immobilized fibronectin that supported extensive cell spreading and cytoskeletal organization. In summary, covalent immobilization of fibronectin to F108 provided controlled regulation of fibroblast behavior without interference from nonspecific protein adsorption, even in the presence of serum-containing medium.
Abstract 3522: A Phase 0 microdosing trial to identify chemoresistance: From bench to bedside (2010)

Abstract BACKGROUND: DNA damage is the critical step in cancer cell response to platinum (Pt) chemotherapy. We hypothesize that low levels of Pt-induced DNA damage are predictive of chemoresistance. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is an ultrasensitive method for measuring radiocarbon. By measuring 14C bound to DNA, AMS can detect carboplatin-induced DNA damage after patients receive one subtoxic microdose of 14C-labeled carboplatin. METHODS: Cancer cells and mice bearing tumor xenografts were treated with one microdose (1/100th of the therapeutic dose) or one therapeutic dose of [14C]carboplatin. Carboplatin-DNA adducts and other relevant parameters such as drug influx/efflux, intracellular drug inactivation, and repair of DNA damage, were measured and correlated with response to chemotherapy. RESULTS: AMS detected Pt-DNA damage when cancer cells and mice with tumor xenografts were exposed to one subtoxic microdose of [14C]carboplatin. The levels of microdose-induced DNA damage were linearly proportional to the DNA damage caused by the therapeutic drug dose (R2=0.92, p&lt;0.001); and these levels of DNA damage correlated with chemoresistance. Low DNA damage predicts chemoresistance. Measuring drug uptake/efflux, intracellular inactivation and DNA repair allowed insight into some resistance mechanisms. A Phase 0 microdosing trial has been designed to study patients with non-small cell lung cancer or bladder cancer who are scheduled to receive Pt-based chemotherapy. One subtoxic microdose of 14C-carboplatin will be administered to these patients before biopsy. Pt-induced DNA damage and repair in left-over tumor biopsy specimens and other relevant parameters will be measured and correlated with the response and toxicity of chemotherapy. Molecular analysis of genes such as ERCC1 and RRM1 will be analyzed and compared with this Phase 0 results. CONCLUSION: The levels of DNA damage induced by nontoxic microdosing carboplatin can potentially predict chemoresistance in patients. A phase 0 microdosing trial is under the IRB review to identify chemoresistance and determine the underlying resistant mechanisms for personalized therapy before patients receive toxic Pt chemotherapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3522.
The reliability of adhesive joints under piezomechanical loading (2000)

Abstract : Models were developed, validated by experiments for the cyclic loading and fatigue failure of adhesives between piezo-ceramic adherends. An analytical shear lag model and a numerically-implemented cohesive zone model were developed. The equivalence of the loading state in piezo-mechanical loading to thermomechanical actuation was established Experiments were conducted on Lead Zirconium Titanate (PZT) substrates bonded by Lead-Tin eutectic solders. Some experiments were also conducted with a polymer adhesive. A novel test specimen, test fixture and associated power electronics were designed and fabricated. Digital image correlation was used to obtain in situ strain distributions during actuation. Damage growth and stress-life data was obtained and compared with model predictions. Once calibrated, good agreement was achieved between strain levels and fatigue life times predicted by the models and experimental data. The modeling and experimental results are significant as they provide a means to estimate the fatigue lifetime of surface-mounted piezo-actuators.
Frontispiz: Methoxydiphenylamin‐substituiertes Carbazol‐Zwillingsderivat: ein effizienter organischer Lochleiter für Perowskit‐Solarzellen (2015)

Solarzellen. Ein neuartiges Lochtransportmaterial für Perowskit-Solarzellen präsentieren M. K. Nazeeruddin et al. in der Zuschrift auf S. 11571 ff. Methoxydiphenylamin-substituiertes Carbazol liefert einen Wirkungsgrad von 17 %.
3D rigorous simulation using Modal Method by Fourier Expansion: application to EUV lithography and scatterometry (2005)

International audience
Introduction: Transfusion-transmitted infections, then and now (2008)

At the beginning of this book the characteristics of microbial agents that might predispose them to the potential for transmission by transfusion were explored. Some of the characteristics identified included:
APHYDS: the Academic Physical Design Skeleton (2004)

Physical Design is a complex CAD topic, which is difficult to teach to electrical and computer engineers. I have developed a complete skeleton for teaching basic algorithms such as Fiduccia-Mattheyses partitioning, variable node size sliceable floorplanning, simulated annealing placement, maze router based global routing, and left-edge algorithm channel routing. The Java-based toolset is portable, flexible, and provides a powerful interactive graphics interface.
Concepts and Terminology of Validation for Computational Solid Mechanics Models (2004)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">During the past couple of years, a committee under the auspices of the ASME Codes and Standards division has been formed and are meeting regularly. The purpose of the committee is to develop and publish a set of documents that describe a common process for verification and validation of computational solid mechanics models. There are many issues under discussion and many concepts under debate. In this paper we will present some the major concepts and the differing viewpoints focusing on the concept of validation and relate this to the automotive industry in particular.</div>
The role of the thymus in the ontogeny of the immune system (1966)

The proper development of the organs of the immune system is dependent on at least three factors: (1) the development of anlagen with the capacity to trap antigens and support the proliferation of lymphoid and plasma cell precursors; (2) the production by the bone marrow of lymphoid and plasma cell precursors which seed in the lymphoid organs; and (3) the thymus, which seeds reactive cells to the lymphoid organs and produces a humoral factor stimulating antigen-triggered proliferation of primitive lymphoid and plasma cells. Studies on cell population changes in the lymph nodes following thymectomy in mice confirm earlier evidence that most cells produced in the thymus do not seed to the lymphoid organs, but die locally in the thymus.
Helix pomatia agglutinin binding activity is a predictor of survival time for patients with gastric carcinoma (1991)

The authors used helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) staining to examine 163 primary gastric carcinoma isolates, using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. The positive HPA staining rate was 59% (96/163) for the primary tumors, and the positive staining correlated well (with statistical significance) with tumor enlargement, penetration, lymphatic invasion, and metastasis (P less than 0.01), and with infiltrative spread (P less than 0.05). Patients with gastric cancer showing positive HPA staining had a lower survival rate (P less than 0.001), particularly when the cancer cells were present on the serosal surface. Careful follow-up and intensive postoperative therapy are required for patients with an HPA-positive advanced gastric carcinoma.
Abstract TP420: Sphingolipid Profile Changes In The Cerebrospinal Fluid Of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients (2013)

Background: The pathogenesis of brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is multifactorial and not completely understood. We recently described that profound changes in the ceramide (Cer) profile occur after SAH. Cer is an endogenous sphingolipid associated with brain-cell death. Dihydroceramide (DH-Cer) is an inactive sphingolipid that is metabolized into Cer by desaturases. In this study we sought to investigate if a differential metabolism of Cer into DH-Cer occurs in SAH and if this is related to vasospasm (VS) and outcome. Methods: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Cer and DH-Cer levels were determined by mass spectrometry in control subjects and patients with Fisher 3 grade SAH within 48 hours of the bleed. Patients were prospectively followed and subcategorized based on the presence or absence of symptomatic VS (sVS versus no-sVS) and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge. Results: A total of 8 controls and 23 SAH patients were enrolled in the study. Compared to controls, patients with SAH had higher CSF levels of total Cer (12.41±8.84 versus 54.65±49.30 pmol/mL, p=0.001) and DH-Cer (1.44±1.05 versus 4.73±3.43 pmol/mL, p<0.0001). Cer/DH-Cer ratios in both groups were comparable (p>0.05). Within the SAH group, sVS had higher Cer and DH-Cer levels than no-sVS (104.23±56.97 versus 28.60±16.91 pmol/mL, p=0.001 for Cer; 7.87±4.03 versus 3.12±1.88 pmol/mL, p=0.005 for DH-Cer). In addition, the sVS group had lower Cer/DH-Cer ratios than no-sVS (0.11±0.03 versus 0.08±0.02; p=0.009). Compared to individuals with good outcome (mRS≤3), SAH patients with poor outcome (mRS≥4) had lower Cer/DH-Cer ratios (0.12±0.04 versus 0.09±0.02; p=0.04) Conclusions: CSF levels of Cer and DH-Cer increase after SAH, particularly in individuals with sVS and poor neurological outcome at discharge. The distinctive Cer/DH-Cer ratios observed in sVS and no-sVS groups suggest that differences in sphingolipid metabolism exist in these subgroups.
Convenient Synthesis of 3,4-methano-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic Acid and Its Derivatives as Doubly Constrained Nonproteinogenic Amino Acid Derivatives (2000)

Three strategies for the synthesis of the novel, doubly constrained, 3,4-methano-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid and its derivatives were evaluated. Only cyclocondensation of the mono(triphenyl)phosphonium salt derived from 1, 2-bis(bromomethyl)benzene with N-alkoxycarbonyloxamates in 1, 2-dimethoxyethane in the presence of potassium carbonate and subsequent cyclopropanation with dimethylsulfoxonium methylide in dimethyl sulfoxide furnished suitable O- and N-protected derivatives of 3,4-methano-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in a convenient way. A detailed 2D DQF-COSY and 2D NOESY NMR analysis of the rotational isomerism of the latter bicyclic amino acid derivatives was performed. Various O- and N-protection protocols were worked out to afford access to a whole range of new derivatives of the title amino acid, suitable for peptide synthesis.