gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Auto-Calibrating DC Link Current Sensing Technique for Transformerless, Grid Connected, H-Bridge Inverter Systems (2006)

Power electronic inverters are commonly used for the interfacing of distributed generation systems to the electrical power network. These electronic inverters operate in a current controlled mode to inject unity power factor sinusoidal current into the network. To prevent possible dc current injection, a mains frequency isolation transformer is often employed at the inverter output. This isolation transformer is a costly component. An alternative approach is to use current sensing and control techniques to eliminate the dc current component. One method is to use a current controller to force the output dc current to zero. Current controllers are prone to errors associated with nonlinearity and offsets in the current transducers. This paper considers a novel auto-calibrating dc link current sensing technique that eliminates the errors associated with the current transducer, and helps avoid dc current injection into the grid when using a transformerless grid connect inverter system
Long-span optical FSK heterodyne single-filter detection transmission experiment using a phase-tunable DFB laser diode (1986)

High receiver sensitivity (−51.9 dBm) and long span (243 km) transmission expriments have been achieved with a 140 Mbit/s optical FSK heterodyne single-filter detection system, using a phase-tunable DFB laser diode as a transmitter. This has enabled direct FSK modulation without waveform distortion. Also, a 280 Mbit/s 204 km transmission experiment has been carried out successfully.
Dissociative Excitation of Vacuum Ultraviolet Emission Features by Electron Impact on Molecular Gases. I. H2 and O2 (1971)

The Hi(2p1 2P → 1s1 2S) 1215.67 Å-Lyman-alpha line and the Oi(3s1 3S0 → 2p4 3P) 1302.17, 1304.87, 1306.04-Å multiplet have been excited by electrons impacting on H2 and O2, respectively. Their excitation cross sections have been measured over the energy range from threshold to 350 eV. The cross section for dissociative excitation of Lyman alpha has a peak value of 1.23 × 10−17 cm2 ± 11%, while the cross section for the Oi 1300-Å multiplet has a maximum value of 3.8 × 10−18 cm2 ± 17%. The cross section for dissociative excitation of the Oi(3s1 1P0 → 2p4 1S) 1217.6-Å line is 1.5 × 10−19 cm2 ± 24% at 100 eV.
Post-antibiotic and post- -lactamase inhibitor effects of ceftazidime plus sulbactam on extended-spectrum  -lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria (2004)

To the best of our knowledge, we describe here for the first time an in vitro PLIE for a ceftazidime-sulbactam combination on different bacteria producing different ESBLs. These findings indicate that suicide inhibitors may be used in combination with third-generation cephalosporins.
Etnología o folclor. Fray Bernardino de Sahagún y el registro de la palabra indígena (2000)

Resumen es: En este art’culo se analizan las formas utilizadas por fray Bernardino de Sahagœn para transcribir la palabra ind’gena. A travŽs d...
Gene of the month: PTEN (2012)

We describe the effect of interleukin 6 (IL-6) blockade using tocilizumab (TCZ) for inducing and maintaining remission of refractory polyarteritis nodosa (PAN). Three patients with refractory PAN defined according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria were treated with TCZ infusions (8 mg/kg) on a monthly basis. All of them had severe cutaneous and articular involvement with elevated biological inflammatory markers. One suffered from a neuritis multiplex and one from renal and digestive damage. All three patients were dependent on high doses of glucocorticoids (above 0.5 mg/kg) and two of them were resistant to immunosuppressive drugs. All patients achieved and maintained clinical response and normalisation of the inflammation acute-phase proteins after a few weeks of treatment with TCZ. Prednisolone could be reduced by an average of 41–13 mg/day. These first case reports suggest that IL-6 blockade using TCZ could be a therapeutic alternative to induce remission in patients with polyarteritis nodosa resistant or intolerant to the reference treatment.
Kinetics of Entry of Virulent and Avirulent Strains of Leishmania donovani into Macrophages: A Possible Role of Virulence Molecules (gp63 and LPG) (1996)

Specific receptors may be involved in the process of attachment of Leishmania donovani promastigotes to macrophage surfaces and their subsequent internalization. Two virulent strains of Indian L. donovani (AG83 and GE-I) were found to enter into macrophages much faster than the avirulent ones (UR6). These virulent promastigotes express surface glycoprotein (gp63) and lipophosphoglycan (LPG) to a greater extent than avirulent strains. We examined their interaction with macrophages as a function of time by preblocking the macrophage receptors with the exogenous addition of gp33 or LPG. In experiments where gp63 was used as the blocking agent, the entry of one virulent strain (GE-I) was affected. In other experiments where LPG was used, the entry of another virulent strain (AG83) was affected. Entry of the avirulent strain (UR6) was unaffected by either of these treatments. Exposed LPG or gp63 on the surface of promastigotes thus appear to expedite their recognition and entry into the host cell. To assess the role of gp63 further in the entry of Leishmania into the macrophages, an avirulent UR6 strain was transfected with the gp63 gene cloned from L. amazonensis. The transfected UR6 as expected expressed more GP63 at a faster rate and entered into the macrophages like the virulent strain when compared to the nontransfected UR6 or UR6 transfected with vector alone. Thus, the expression of the gp63 gene is involved in the recognition and intracellular entry of visceral Leishmania into the macrophages in addition to the cutaneous species demonstrated previously.
Self-centering seismic retrofit scheme for reinforced concrete frame structures:SDOF system study (2010)

This paper presents the results of a parametric study of self-centering seismic retrofit schemes for reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings. The self-centering retrofit system features flag-shaped hysteresis and minimal residual deformation. For comparison purpose,an alternate seismic retrofit scheme that uses a bilinear-hysteresis retrofit system such as buckling-restrained braces (BRB) is also considered in this paper. The parametric study was carried out in a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system framework since a multi-story building structure may be idealized as an equivalent SDOF system and investigation of the performance of this equivalent SDOF system can provide insight into the seismic response of the multi-story building. A peak-oriented hysteresis model which can consider the strength and stiffness degradation is used to describe the hysteretic behavior of RC structures. The parametric study involves two key parameters -the strength ratio and elastic stiffness ratio between the seismic retrofit system and the original RC frame. An ensemble of 172 earthquake ground motion records scaled to the design basis earthquake in California with a probability of exceedance of 10% in 50 years was constructed for the simulation-based parametric study. The effectiveness of the two seismic retrofit schemes considered in this study is evaluated in terms of peak displacement ratio,peak acceleration ratio,energy dissipation demand ratio and residual displacement ratio between the SDOF systems with and without retrofit. It is found from this parametric study that RC structures retrofitted with the self-centering retrofit scheme (SCRS) can achieve a seismic performance level comparable to the bilinear-hysteresis retrofit scheme (BHRS) in terms of peak displacement and energy dissipation demand ratio while having negligible residual displacement after earthquake.
Migrating to role-based access control (1999)

This project seeks to provide a single, GUI based security management interjiie for an existing, highly complex inform&on systems environment. Among the iaknt$ed requirements and goals for this project are, the use of Commercial O&Qhe-Shelfso*re, and the impkmentation of a foundation for an RBAC based approach to security management. 7his paper presents an overview of the RBAC salient issues that have been sur&ced by initial efsoorts. i%is paper also highlights some of challenges faced in migratian from an existing environment that has been developed over time and is largely segmented in both user communities and support groups to a centralized RBAC environment.
Pineal Function in Burns: Melatonin Is Not a Marker for General Sympathetic Activity (1985)

Burn injury in humans or rats is a model of marked elevation of general sympathetic activity for weeks, manifested in part by increased heart rate, metabolic rate, core temperature, and plasma and urinary catecholamines. Plasma melatonin was sampled at 2-h intervals for 24 h in 9 control subjects and 11 patients with severe burn injury. Daytime melatonin was not different between the groups, but nighttime values were significantly lower in the burn patients. A nocturnal surge was still significant in the patients. Resting heart rate and rectal temperature were elevated in the burn patients. In male Sprague-Dawley rats, pineal melatonin content did not differ between controls and those with an experimental burn at 4 h into the light phase nor during the nocturnal surge. Male Syrian hamsters with burns had lower daytime pineal melatonin content than did controls, but the nocturnal surge in pineal melatonin was not significantly different between groups, nor was daytime morning serum melatonin. Sympathetic activity appears partitioned, with that controlling melatonin (nocturnal surge) regulated independently. In agreement with our previous findings in other models, melatonin is not a marker for general sympathetic activity, even following severe burn injury.
Development and standardization of an indirect ELISA for the serological diagnosis of classical swine fever (1999)

An indirect enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA-I) was developed and standardized for the serological diagnosis of classical swine fever (CSF). For the comparison, nine hundred and thirty-seven swine serum samples were tested by serum neutralization followed by immunoperoxidase staining (NPLA), considered as the standard. Of these, 223 were positive and 714 negative for neutralizing antibodies to classical swine fever virus (CSFV). In relation to the NPLA, the ELISA-I presented a 98.2% sensitivity; 92.86% specificity, 81.11% positive predictive value, 99.4% negative predictive value and a 94.1% precision. Statistical analysis showed a very strong correlation (r=0,94) between both tests. When compared to a commercially available ELISA kit, the performance of both, in relation to the NPLA, was similar. It was concluded that the ELISA-I is suitable for large scale screening of antibodies to classical swine fever virus, although it does not distinguish antibodies to classical swine fever virus from those induced by other pestiviruses.
The effect of a leading-edge slat on the dynamic stall of an oscillating airfoil (1983)

The dynamic stall characteristics of a slatted airfoil were investigated experimentally on a 2-ft-chord airfoil oscillating in pitch at M = 0.2 for a range of reduced frequency and mean angle of oscillation. The slat produced a flow that remained attached to the airfoil for angles well above those normally attained by the retreating blade of a helicopter during high speed flight. The dynamic stall vortex usually associated with these flight conditions was completely eliminated for all angles under 30 deg. Instantaneous surface pressure, lift, and pitching moment data are presented as a function of incidence throughout the oscillation cycle; a detailed analysis of instantaneous boundary-layer flow behavior for the various test conditions is included.
A new integer linear programming formulation for the scheduling problem in data path synthesis (2003)

A novel approach is presented to the operation scheduling problem in a data path synthesis. After obtaining the start time and the require time of each operation by the ASAP (as soon as possible) and ALAP (as late as possible) methods, respectively, an integer linear programming (ILP) formulation is formed to solve the scheduling problem. The objective is to fully utilize the hardware resources, i.e. to minimize the requirement of function units under a given timing constraint. The formulation can be generalized to support multicycle operations, multiple operations per cycle, pipelined data paths, mutually exclusive operations, and variables' lifetime consideration in a data path. A fifth-order filter containing 26 addition and 8 multiplication operations can be scheduled optimally for the cases from 17 cycles to 21 cycles per minute on a VAX-11/8800.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Differential regulation of Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup>exchange isoform activities by enteropathogenic<i>E. coli</i>in human intestinal epithelial cells (2004)

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is an important human intestinal foodborne pathogen associated with diarrhea, especially in infants and young children. Although EPEC produces characteristic attaching and effacing lesions and loss of microvilli, the pathophysiology of EPEC-associated diarrhea, particularly during early infection, remains elusive. The present studies were designed to examine the direct effects of EPEC infection on intestinal absorption via Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE) isoforms. Caco-2 cells were infected with EPEC strain E2348/69 or nonpathogenic E. coli HB101 for a period of 60 to 120 min. Total NHE activity was significantly increased at 60 min, reaching approximately threefold increase after 90 min of EPEC infection. Similar findings were seen in HT-29 cells and T84 cells indicating that the response was not cell-line specific. Most surprising was the differential regulation of NHE2 and NHE3 by EPEC. Marked activation of NHE2 (300%) occurred, whereas significant inhibition ( approximately 50%) of NHE3 activity was induced. The activity of basolateral isoform NHE1 was also significantly increased in response to EPEC infection. Mutations that disrupted the type III secretion system (TTSS) ablated the effect of EPEC on the activity of both NHE2 and NHE3. These results suggest that EPEC, through a TTSS-dependent mechanism, exerts differential effects on NHE isoform activity in intestinal epithelial cells. Additionally, NHEs do not appear to play any role in EPEC-mediated inflammation, because the NHE inhibitors amiloride and 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)amiloride did not prevent EPEC-mediated IkappaBalpha degradation.
Effects of Preparation on the Catalytic Properties of Ni−P−B Ultrafine Materials (2001)

A series of ultrafine Ni−P−B amorphous alloy catalysts were prepared by a chemical reduction method under various conditions. Two different nickel salts (nickel chloride and nickel acetate) and two solvents systems (water and ethanol in water) were used in preparation. The catalysts were characterized with elemental analysis, XRD, nitrogen sorption, TEM, and XPS. Liquid phase hydrogenation of furfural was used to compare the hydrogenation capabilities of these catalysts. The different preparation conditions significantly influence morphology, particle size, and surface area of the catalyst, subsequently affecting the hydrogenation properties. The catalyst prepared with aqueous ethanol solvent has a flossy morphology and results in higher surface area and higher activity of the catalyst. The type of nickel salt did not show significant influence on the properties of the catalyst. Different preparation conditions did not influence the electronic state of nickel.
Radiation Therapy and the Geriatric Oncology Patient (2007)

Delivering radiotherapy to the geriatric cancer patient raises several questions: Are there objective reasons to consider the elderly population as potentially more vulnerable to radiation therapy than younger people? In practice, how are geriatric patients treated when radiotherapy is indicated? Recent data from French tumor registries on rectal cancers are reviewed to illustrate the evolution of the practices during a 20-year period up to 2000. Is there a changing landscape in radiotherapy research protocols in the elderly? Thirty-one European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (Brussels, Belgium) radiotherapy protocols are analyzed regarding compliance to the 1996 recommendation of having no upper age limit when other eligibility factors are fulfilled. To conclude, specific recommendations for optimal radiotherapeutic management of geriatric patients are made for some common cancers in the elderly.
Energy distribution in Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicle power trains (2011)

Summary form only given. Since 2000 the price of oil has increased more than two times. Air pollution also has increased. In particular, the increasing emission of CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> has had a negative influence on the composition of the earth's atmosphere, and it has presumably contributed to the climate changes. Now about 25% of total industrial CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> emission is produced by vehicles. The world reservoirs of oil are exploited extremely. The oil exploitation peak was about one year ago. Recent prediction assumes oil in known today shape will be exhausted in approximately the next forty years. There are reasons the road transport electrification necessity. The growing market success of hybrid vehicles is achieved as important part of green electric transportation system. In 2020 about 15% of cars total number hybrid and electric vehicles on world roads is expected. This means hybrid engineering and technology permanent improvement is necessary to start now. This presentation concerns two items: Firstly; electric and plug in hybrid vehicles power train energy requirements respectively electricity production and necessity proper infrastructure building. As a temporary solution Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV)and Battery Powered Electric Vehicles (EV) application adopted to selected urban traffic conditions is depicted. The development of alternative electric energy sources as a element of global PHEV and EV transportation system is emphasized. Secondary; design by modeling and simulations PHEV power trains is considering. The supporting by new solutions automatic transmission traction electric motor operation, permits increasing the entire power train efficiency, causing minimizing energy - fuel and electricity - consumption. Different control strategies are analyzed and compared.
Effect of drying on conidial viability of<i>Penicillium frequentans</i>, a biological control agent against peach brown rot disease caused by<i>Monilinia</i>spp (2006)

Abstract The effects of drying methods (freeze-, spray-, and fluid bed-drying) on viability of Penicillium frequentans conidia were compared. Viability, estimated by germination of fluid bed- and freeze-dried conidia, was similar to that of fresh conidia. Skimmed milk alone, or in combination with other protectants, was added to conidia before freeze-drying. After the freeze-drying process, all protectants used, except glycerol improved conidial viability. Freeze-dried P. frequentans conidia did not maintain viability after 30 days of storage at room temperature, while conidia dried by fluid bed-drying showed 28% viability following 180 days after drying. This work also demonstrated a relationship between conidial viability after 1 year of storage at room temperature, moisture content after fluid bed-drying and initial weight of sample. Conidial moisture contents must be reduced to 5–15% for optimal storage at room temperature. P. frequentans conidia dried by fluid bed-drying were as effective as fresh conidia in controlling brown rot of peaches.
Perceived language complexity in GitHub issue discussions and their effect on issue resolution (2017)

Modern software development is increasingly collaborative. Open Source Software (OSS) are the bellwether; they support dynamic teams, with tools for code sharing, communication, and issue tracking. The success of an OSS project is reliant on team communication. E.g., in issue discussions, individuals rely on rhetoric to argue their position, but also maintain technical relevancy. Rhetoric and technical language are on opposite ends of a language complexity spectrum: the former is stylistically natural; the latter is terse and concise. Issue discussions embody this duality, as developers use rhetoric to describe technical issues. The style mix in any discussion can define group culture and affect performance, e.g., issue resolution times may be longer if discussion is imprecise. Using GitHub, we studied issue discussions to understand whether project-specific language differences exist, and to what extent users conform to a language norm. We built project-specific and overall GitHub language models to study the effect of perceived language complexity on multiple responses. We find that experienced users conform to project-specific language norms, popular individuals use overall GitHub language rather than project-specific language, and conformance to project-specific language norms reduces issue resolution times. We also provide a tool to calculate project-specific perceived language complexity.
The Action of Antiozonants in Rubber (1985)

Abstract Rubbers with olefinic double bonds, and rubber goods based on them, are destroyed by ozone. Crack formation can be retarded by adding antiozonants. The mechanism of the antiozonant effect has not yet been fully explained. The mechanism by which bis-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydrobenzaldehyde)-pentaerythrityl acetal (AFS), a nonstaining antiozonant, hinders the ozonation of polychloroprene has been described. AFS competes with the double bonds in the polymer for the available ozone. Additionally, the resulting ozonization products prevent the ozone from penetrating into the polymer matrix. This mechanism was corroborated by carrying out kinetic measurements of the competing reactions in solution and in the rubber. The findings were confirmed by studying model substances with basic structures identical to AFS but with modified active groups.
Sensitive and Specific Quantification of Human Genomic Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) in Forensic Science Specimens: Casework Examples (1991)

Abstract We describe the forensic science application of a method for quantification of human genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The two cases cited in this report involve DNA samples extracted from skin tissue and bloodstained clothing recovered from different crime scenes. High-molecular-weight DNA was recovered from both specimens, and the concentrations of these DNAs were estimated to be ∼0.5 µg/µL by ethidium bromide/agarose gel electrophoresis. Using the human-specific DNA probe p17H8 (locus D17Z1) to quantify the amount of human genomic DNA in these samples, it is shown that less than 1% of the DNA isolated from the skin tissue is of human origin and that the DNA isolated from the bloodstained clothing is effectively devoid of human DNA sequences. These case examples illustrate the need to quantify not only the total amount of DNA recovered from forensic casework material, but also the proportion of the DNA that is of human origin.