gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The basic hearing abilities of absolute pitch possessors. (2002)

Generally, people tend to think that absolute pitch possessors or musical experts are superior in all of their auditory and musical abilities. However, not much data has been shown to prove whether any differences exist in the basic hearing abilities of absolute pitch possessors or musical experts for general sounds outside the context of music. In this study, we conducted four experiments to investigate if absolute pitch possessors or music experts are superior in their basic hearing abilities with respect to frequency resolution, temporal resolution, and spatial resolution. In Experiments 1 and 2, we measured frequency discrimination thresholds and thresholds to detect a tone in notched noise to examine the characteristics of frequency resolution. In Experiment 3, we conducted a gap detection task to measure the temporal resolution. Finally, in Experiment 4, we measured interaural time difference discrimination thresholds to examine the spatial resolution abilities. The overall results show that there were no significant differences in frequency, temporal and spatial resolutions among groups with different absolute pitch capability. This indicates that absolute-pitch possessors do not have particularly ‘good ears’ in terms of resolution.
Potassium Doping in the Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes at Room Temperature (2008)

The room-temperature chemical doping of potassium (K) in the double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) was achieved. The phenanthrene/K complex in 1,2-dimethylethyl ether solution was used for the K-doping. Doping concentration of K in the DWCNTs was 3.2 at %. The K 2p spectrum comprises two peak components at binding energies of K 2p3/2 (293 eV) and K 2p1/2 (296 eV), which can be ascribed to the K oxides and cations, respectively. This indicates that the K-doping exhibits a strong charge transfer interaction with carbon atoms and the oxygen atoms at the interface of K/phenanthrene and DWCNTs. Many defects were observed on the wall of the K-doped DWCNTs, resulting in rugged graphite sheets. Also, sometimes cutting appeared on the cross of graphite layers. It was found from the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Raman analysis that the crystallinity of DWCNTs decreased due to K-doping. The room-temperature chemical K-doping strongly influenced the crystalline perfection and defect degree of DWCNTs. The K-doped DWCNTs showed the lower turn-on electric field and the higher emission current density compared to the undoped DWCNTs.
Pulsed and CW high temperature operation of InGaAs/GaAs strained layer vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (1992)

The performance of Strained layer InGaAs/GaAs vertical cavity surface emitting lasers defined by ion implantation over a ∼ 75°C temperature range is reported on. Maximum CW output levels for the temperature extremes of 10 and 86°C are 7.5mW and 200μW, respectively, for 20 × 20μm2 devices. The temperature dependence of the CW threshold current exhibits exponential behaviour to 80°C.
Post-harvest spoilage of wheat grains: malodour formation and the infection process. (2006)

A more traditional cause of post-harvest spoilage is that caused by phyllosphere fungi. These can seriously reduce marketable yield. This chapter illustrates how an understanding of the fundamental biology of interactions that start in the phyllosphere and other aerial plant surfaces can lead to improvements in the quality and safety of the food produced. It reports the use of light microscopy and environmental scanning electron microscopy to investigate fungal colonization of wheat grains, and facilitates interpretation of nuclear magnetic resonance micro-imaging of the distribution of water within the grains. These data are interpreted in relation to the formation of malodours, which are a significant reason for rejection of wheat in commercial grain intake laboratories.
Unrestricted T-cell receptor V-region gene repertoire in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from human breast carcinomas (1993)

Background. Several lines of evidence indicate that a more favorable prognosis is correlated with the degree of lymphocyte infiltration within breast carcinomas. The characterization of these T-cell infiltrates appears necessary to explore the possible existence of an in situ immunologic response of the host against neoplastic cells. Previous studies have indeed suggested that the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of tumor-infiltrating T-lymphocytes (TIL) should be restricted if they act specifically against tumor-related antigens. Methods. To address this question, the expression of variable (V) region genes of the TCR-α and β chains in intratumoral lymphocytes from five breast carcinoma biopsy specimens and one normal mammary gland specimen was analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The neoplastic samples included one medullary carcinoma and four ductal infiltrating carcinomas selected on the basis of a rich lymphoid stromal component. Primers specific for 18 different Vα and 21 Vβ families were used for PCR. Results. In every case, TIL showed an unrestricted pattern of TCR V-region gene expression, similar to the repertoire observed in peripheral blood lymphocytes and in the normal breast tissue. Conclusions. According to these nonquantitative PCR experiments, the apparent lack of selection of a limited number of T-cell specificities in the affected tissues does not favor the existence of an in vivo lymphoid recruitment based on TCR recognition of neoplastic antigenic determinants. Further studies, however, leading to an accurate quantification of immunologically relevant T-cell clones and including larger series of cases still are necessary before it will be possible to draw a final conclusion.
Wind Measurements Using Forward-Scatter CW Radar (1973)

The ability of a forward-scatter CW radar to measure cross-path wind speed profiles is demonstrated from the results of a two-week observation period in June 1971. Radar-measured winds are compared with wind speeds measured simultaneously by radiosondes and pibals. It is concluded that forward-scatter CW radar is a sensitive atmospheric probe which can accurately measure atmospheric winds.
A cost-effective technique to reduce HOL blocking in single-stage and multistage switch fabrics (2004)

Head-of-line (HOL) blocking is one of the main problems arising in input-buffered switches. The best-known solution to this problem consists of using virtual output queues (VOQs). However this strategy is not scalable at all. Its implementation cost increases quadratically with the number of ports in the switch. Taking into account current trends, the demand for larger number of ports in high-performance switches is likely to increase very rapidly in the near future. Therefore, a more scalable and cost-effective solution is required. We propose a very efficient and cost-effective technique, referred to as destination-based buffer management (DBBM), to reduce HOL blocking in single-stage and multistage switch. Results show that the use of the DBBM technique with a reduced number of queues at each IA is able to obtain roughly the same throughput as the VOQ mechanism. In particular, the number of queues can be reduced by a factor of up to 8 with the DBBM technique.
Progranulin Transcripts with Short and Long 5′ Untranslated Regions (UTRs) Are Differentially Expressed via Posttranscriptional and Translational Repression (2014)

Frontotemporal lobar degeneration is associated with cytoplasmic or nuclear deposition of the TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43). Haploinsufficiency of progranulin (GRN) is a major genetic risk factor for frontotemporal lobar degeneration associated with TDP-43 deposition. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that control cellular expression of GRN is required not only to understand disease etiology but also for the development of potential therapeutic strategies. We identified different GRN transcripts with short (38-93 nucleotides) or long (219 nucleotides) 5' UTRs and demonstrate a cellular mechanism that represses translation of GRN mRNAs with long 5' UTRs. The long 5' UTR of GRN mRNA contains an upstream open reading frame (uORF) that is absent in all shorter transcripts. Because such UTRs can be involved in translational control as well as in mRNA stability, we compared the expression of GRN in cells expressing cDNAs with and without 5' UTRs. This revealed a selective repression of GRN translation and a reduction of mRNA levels by the 219-nucleotide-long 5' UTR. The specific ability of this GRN 5' UTR to repress protein expression was further confirmed by its transfer to an independent reporter. Deletion analysis identified a short stretch between nucleotides 76 and 125 containing two start codons within one uORF that is required and sufficient for repression of protein expression. Mutagenesis of the two AUG codons within the uORF is sufficient to reduce translational repression. Therefore initiating ribosomes at the AUGs of the uORF fail to efficiently initiate translation at the start codon of GRN. In parallel the 5' UTR also affects mRNA stability; thus two independent mechanisms determine GRN expression via mRNA stability and translational efficiency.
A novel concept for a mid-field microscope (2005)

When light passes through a hole smaller than the wavelength of the light, the transmission is very low and the light is diffracted. This however changes if holes are arranged in a periodic array on metal. In that case the light couples to surface plasmons; this results in enhanced transmission, spectral selection and a small angular diffraction. We develop a novel microscopic method based on a periodic hole-array, which will be used as a multiple-apertures near-field source for illuminating a biological sample while the light is collected in far-field. The measurement speed is high, due to the use of an array instead of a single source. The main advantage of this microscope originates from the low diffraction of light through a relatively thick sample with enhanced transmission. It results in the ability to measure the samples interior and 3D reconstruction can be made by semi-confocal techniques. This overcomes the major limitation of near-field methods for which only a shallow layer of the surface (~20 nm) is detectable. For our measurements we use glass coated devices. The holes are processed with a focused ion beam. The photonplasmon coupling process is characterized as a function of the wavelength. Our experiments aim on gaining a better understanding of the transmission process. We tested the dependence of the transmitted spectrum on angle of incidence was tested as well as far-field spectral imaging measurements of the transmission in both Koehler and collimated light illumination. The results as well as the description of the microscope that we are constructing are presented.
Tumour-bearing animals synthesize a decreased level of mRNA for the inducible 55,000 MW interleukin-2 receptor. (1990)

Spleen cells from mice bearing progressive growing methylcholanthrene-induced syngenic tumours were deeply hyporeactive in response to T-cell mitogens. This hyporeactivity was associated with decreased ability to synthesize mRNA for the inducible 55,000 MW interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R). Since the expression of functional IL-2R represents one of the early and pivotal events in lymphoid-cell activation, it is suggested that the defect in effective IL-2R expression may be one of the primary factors responsible for the immunological hyporeactivity of tumour-bearing hosts.
Substrate scope of a dehydrogenase from <i>Sphingomonas</i> species A1 and its potential application in the synthesis of rare sugars and sugar derivatives (2018)

Rare sugars and sugar derivatives that can be obtained from abundant sugars are of great interest to biochemical and pharmaceutical research. Here, we describe the substrate scope of a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase from Sphingomonas species A1 (SpsADH) in the oxidation of aldonates and polyols. The resulting products are rare uronic acids and rare sugars respectively. We provide insight into the substrate recognition of SpsADH using kinetic analyses, which show that the configuration of the hydroxyl groups adjacent to the oxidized carbon is crucial for substrate recognition. Furthermore, the specificity is demonstrated by the oxidation of d-sorbitol leading to l-gulose as sole product instead of a mixture of d-glucose and l-gulose. Finally, we applied the enzyme to the synthesis of l-gulose from d-sorbitol in an in vitro system using a NADH oxidase for cofactor recycling. This study shows the usefulness of exploring the substrate scope of enzymes to find new enzymatic reaction pathways from renewable resources to value-added compounds.
Fe doped TiO 2 nanofibers on the surface of graphene sheets for photovoltaics applications (2011)

Highly ordered, visible light driven TiO2 nanowire arrays doped with Fe photocatalysts were grown on the surface of
functionalized graphene sheets (FGSs) using a sol-gel method with titanium isopropoxide (TIP) monomer, acetic acid
(HAc) as the polycondensation agent and iron chloride in the green solvent, supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ). The
morphology of the synthesized materials was studied by SEM and TEM, which showed uniform formation of Fe doped
TiO 2 nanofibers on the surface of graphene sheets, which acted as a template for nanowire growth through surface
-COOH functionalities. Increasing Fe content in the nanowires did not change the morphology significantly. Optical
properties of the synthesized composites were examined by UV spectroscopy which showed a significant reduction in
band gap with increasing Fe content, i.e. 2.25 eV at 0.6% Fe. The enhancement of the optical properties of synthesized
materials was confirmed by photocurrent measurement. The optimum sample containing 0.6% Fe doped TiO 2 on the
graphene sheets increased the power conversation efficiency by 6-fold in comparison to TiO 2 alone.
Bimanual bipolar diathermy for recurrent hyphema after anterior segment intraocular surgery (2004)

Phacoemulsification with mechanical pupil dilation was performed on a functionally monocular glaucoma patient with pseudoexfoliation syndrome. The postoperative course was complicated by persistent intraocular hemorrhaging from the pupil margin in multiple locations that ceased temporarily with a marked elevation in intraocular pressure (IOP). Normalization of IOP with medication or paracentesis resulted in recurrent bleeding and a subsequent increase in IOP elevation. Surgical intervention using bipolar diathermy was required to control the bleeding and the elevated IOP. A bimanual approach allowed the corrective procedure to be performed in a simple and efficacious manner.
Convenient Preparations of Imines and Symmetrical Secondary Amines Possessing Primary or Secondary Alkyl Groups (1991)

Hindered alkyl aldehydes react with benzotriazole and ammonia in dry ethanol or methanol to yield the corresponding bis[1-(benzotriazol-1-yl)alkyl]amines 2. The reaction of aryl aldehydes, however, yields 1-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N-alkylidenealkylamines 3. The reactions of adducts 2 and 3 with lithium aluminum hydride furnishes dialkyl- and dibenzylamine derivatives 4. Although the reactions of 2 and 3 with organometallic reagents are not as general, in several cases the reactions of amines 2 with Grignard reagents yield 1-alkyl or aryl substituted N-alkylidenealkylamines 5. Similar reactions of amines 2 with phenyl lithium afford 1,1′-diphenyldialkylamines 7.
Compliance aware cross-organization medical record sharing (2013)

Data sharing about Electronic Health Records (EHRs) across healthcare organizations is still a challenging task due to compliance requirements with regulatory policies that can vary across states and countries, and organizations' internal business requirements. Even when adopting the same regulatory policies, each organization can interpret and implement these policies and requirements differently in its internal IT environments. This paper proposes a compliance-aware data management solution for EHR systems. It allows healthcare organizations to define their own security and regulatory compliance requirements for accessing and sharing healthcare data, and enables policy enforcement while sharing data with other organizations. The policy requirements are expressed in form of business processes that govern the access and sharing of data between people and systems. The business process operations are mapped into low-level operations on internal and remote record stores and policy enforcement points. We have implemented the prototype system that supports the proposed approach and integrated it with an open source electronic medical record system called OpenMRS, using which we have defined and enforced some real-world regulations and organizations' policies for data sharing.
Oxygen Capture by Sulfur in Nickel Thiolates (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxygen Capture by Sulfur in Nickel ThiolatesCraig A. Grapperhaus and Marcetta Y. DarensbourgView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843 Cite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1998, 31, 8, 451–459Publication Date (Web):May 23, 1998Publication History Received2 December 1997Published online23 May 1998Published inissue 1 August 1998https://doi.org/10.1021/ar950048vCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1702Altmetric-Citations278LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (307 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Ligands,Metals,Nickel,Oxygen,Thiolates Get e-Alerts
Phototherapy with physically and molecularly produced light for Alzheimer’s disease (2022)

Abstract Over the past decades, classical drug development approaches for Alzheimer’s disease have yielded limited success, and this futileness has prompted scientists to seek non-classical approaches. In this report, we demonstrated that, with irradiation of LED light or with molecularly generated light (dubbed as “molecular light”) from chemiluminescence probe ADLumin-4, photolabile curcumin analogue CRANAD-147 could change properties, structures (sequences) and neurotoxicity of amyloid beta (Aβ) species in vitro. We further demonstrated that, with the assistance from molecular chemiluminescence imaging, the combination of CRANAD-147/LED or CRANAD-147/ADLumin-4 (molecular light) could slow down the accumulation of Aβs in transgenic 5xFAD mice in vivo. Due to the unlimited capacity of tissue penetration of molecular light in vivo, phototherapy with the combination of photolabile Aβ ligand and molecular light has great potential as an alternative approach for AD drug discovery.
An X-Ray Emitting Supernova Remnant Candidate, M 33 X-4 (2001)

Abstract Based on ASCA observations of the Local-Group spiral galaxy M 33, a report is made on the X-ray properties of luminous X-ray source called X-4, which is located in a giant H ii region in M 33. The 0.8-8.0keV spectrum of X-4 is described by a two-component model, consisting of a thin thermal plasma emission with a temperature of $ \sim 1.0 \,\mathrm{keV}$, and a power law emission with a photon index of $ \sim 2.0$. The two spectral components cross over at $ \sim 3.0 \,\mathrm{keV}$. These spectral properties are similar to those of a young supernova remnant (SNR), except that the 0.8-8.0keV luminosity of M 33 X-4, $ \sim 1.0 \times 10^{38} \,\mathrm{erg} \,\mathrm{s}^{-1}$, is considerably higher than those of the SNRs in the Milky Way. There is also evidence of excess absorption, or an over-abundance of $ \alpha$-elements relative to iron. If this source is an SNR, the hard component is thought to be synchrotron radiation from high-energy particles, produced either by shock acceleration, like in SN 1006, or by a central neutron star, like in the Crab Nebula.
Gm Genes and γG-Globulin Synthesis in the Human Fetus (1965)

Summary By means of highly specific typing systems for genetic γ-globulin factors, evidence has been obtained that the human fetus may synthesize small amounts of γG-globulin. A comparison of the Gm(a) and Gm(b) titers of cord sera with the titers of sera from adults suggests that the two genes, Gma and Gmb, do not synthesize the same relative amounts of γ-globulin at different stages of ontogenetic development. Some, but not all, of the maternal anti-Gm's that sediment as 7 S γ-globulin in density gradient experiments are also detectable in the fetal circulation.
MUC1 Is a Useful Molecular Marker for Malignant Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms in Pancreatic Juice Obtained From Endoscopic Retrograde Pancreatography (2010)

Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using MUC1 is useful for the detection of malignant IPMN in pure pancreatic juice.
Anti-inflammation and Antifibroblastic Actions of Interleukin-1 Blockers (1998)

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) blockers, CK 127 and CK 129, were found to inhibit IL-1-induced posterior uveitis very effectively at 3-10 mg/kg i.p. and were more potent than prednisolone which required at least 20 mg/kg i.p. to achieve the same level of anti-uveitis action. CK 127 and CK 129 were also found to be effective in inhibiting fibroblast-like corneal cells at 30-300 micrograms/ml and conjunctival cells at 0.3-10 micrograms/ml. These results indicate that IL-1 blockers are more potent in inhibiting the cell growth of conjunctival cells than that of corneal cells. From in vitro cell culture experiments, it was found that inhibition of cell growth could be due primarily to the inhibition of DNA. Although the inhibition of cell growth was due mainly to the inhibition of DNA synthesis, mRNA synthesis was also markedly inhibited. In both cells, the protein synthesis was unaffected in a few cases and markedly stimulated in most cases.
Structural snapshots reveal distinct mechanisms of procaspase-3 and -7 activation (2013)

Procaspase-3 (P3) and procaspase-7 (P7) are activated through proteolytic maturation to form caspase-3 (C3) and caspase-7 (C7), respectively, which serve overlapping but nonredundant roles as the executioners of apoptosis in humans. However, it is unclear if differences in P3 and P7 maturation mechanisms underlie their unique biological functions, as the structure of P3 remains unknown. Here, we report structures of P3 in a catalytically inactive conformation, structures of P3 and P7 bound to covalent peptide inhibitors that reveal the active conformation of the zymogens, and the structure of a partially matured C7:P7 heterodimer. Along with a biochemical analysis, we show that P3 is catalytically inactive and matures through a symmetric all-or-nothing process. In contrast, P7 contains latent catalytic activity and matures through an asymmetric and tiered mechanism, suggesting a lower threshold for activation. Finally, we use our structures to design a selection strategy for conformation specific antibody fragments that stimulate procaspase activity, showing that executioner procaspase conformational equilibrium can be rationally modulated. Our studies provide a structural framework that may help to explain the unique roles of these important proapoptotic enzymes, and suggest general strategies for the discovery of proenzyme activators.