gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Third Conference on Hematopoietic Stem Cell Gene Therapy: Biology and Technology (2002)

The ability of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) to repopulate the hematopoietic and possibly other systems, combined with the opportunity to introduce exogenous genes into HSC, provides a unique opportunity for the treatment of hematological and non-hematological diseases. Recently, the first successful application of gene therapy in a clinical setting involved the transfer of the γ-chain of the interleukin (IL)-2 receptor gene (IL2RG) into HSC of patients with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency-X1 (SCID-X1) [1].
Targeted Speech Adversarial Example Generation With Generative Adversarial Network (2020)

Although neural network-based speech recognition models have enjoyed significant success in many acoustic systems, they are susceptible to be attacked by the adversarial examples. In this work, we make first step towards using generative adversarial network (GAN) for constructing the targeted speech adversarial examples. Specifically, we integrate the target speech recognition network with GAN framework, which can then be formulated as a three-party game. The generator in GAN aims at generating perturbation that could make the target network misclassified to a specific target, while simultaneously fooling the discriminator treating the adversarial example as a beguine one. The discriminator is to distinguish the crafted examples from the geniue samples. The classification error of the target network is back-propagated via gradient flow to the generator for updating. The target network is responsible for back-propagating the classification error via gradients to the generator for updating, but the target network itself is freezed. With the carefully designed network architecture, loss function and training strategy, we successfully train a generator that could generate the adversarial perturbation for a given speech clip and a target label. Experiential results show that the generated adversarial examples could effectively fool the state-of-the-art speech classification networks, while attaining an acceptable auditory perception quality. In addition, our proposed method runs much faster than the prevalent optimization-based schemes. To facilitate reproducible research, codes, models and data are publicly available at https://github.com/winterwindwang/SpeechAdvGan.
Capital Investment Effects of Dividend Imputation (2000)

We examine the effects of dividend imputation on corporate capital investment in New Zealand and Australia. The empirical findings indicate that: (1) dividend imputation stimulated corporate capital investment in both countries; (2) the positive impact of dividend imputation on capital investment overshadowed any negative effects arising from the new capital gains tax imposed in Australia; and (3) the dividend imputation effects on capital investment are most pronounced for highdividend-paying firms. In summary, we demonstrate the positive impact of dividend imputation on corporate capital investment. Our findings support the conclusions of the U.S. Treasury that the “traditional” double tax on corporate distributions increases the cost of equity capital to the corporate sector and creates a bias against investment by the corporate sector.
The effect of mid-cycle insemination on subsequent conception rates of cattle (1970)

Abstract Extract Sir,—The proportion of return intervals after first insemination of less than 18 days' duration is between 16 and 20% in New Zealand dairy cattle (Macmillan, 1970 Macmillan, K. L. 1970. Return intervals to first insemination and conception rates to second insemination in New Zealand cattle. N.Z. Jl agric. Res., 43 in press [Google Scholar]) whereas the comparable figure in American herds is 3.5% (Moeller and VanDemark, 1951 Moeller, A. N. and Van Demark, N. L. 1951. The relationship of the interval between inseminations to bovine fertility. J. Anim. Sci., 10: 988–992. [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]; Flerchinger and Erb, 1954 Flerchinger, F. H. and Erb, R. E. 1954. Influence of treatment and fertility level of semen on distribution and non-return decline of repeat service intervals. J. Dairy Sci., 37: 949–949. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). Since the incidence of these short cycles tends to increase with increasing: herd size, these short return intervals after first insemination may be the result of errors made by the farmer identifying or diagnosing oestrous cows. Such errors will arise because (1) the farmer correctly submits a cow in the first instance but then unnecessarily resubmits the same cow because of incorrect identification or diagnosis; (2) the initial incorrect submission is followed by correct diagnosis and submission; or (3) errors in detection and diagnosis are made on consecutive occasions.
Fast and robust b-spline terrain estimation for off-road navigation with stereo vision (2014)

Estimating the ground surface in order to distinguish between obstacles and free space is a requirement for most autonomous navigation tasks. Assuming a flat world is often sufficient in urban scenarios. In rural areas and for off-road navigation, however, this assumption doesn't hold and estimating a dedicated model of the terrain is necessary. We propose to use an advanced 2.5D occupancy grid to accumulate surface heights over time. The ground is analytically described by a rational b-spline surface. In a fast 2-pass approach the ground is first modeled very coarsely to obtain the overall shape and to distinguish surface and obstacle cells. In the second step, a higher resolution model is estimated using only the surface cells. To further improve the robustness of the estimated ground surface, information from previous time steps is reused. Finally, navigation relevant data such as free space, obstacles and terrain slope can be computed based on the estimated ground surface.
ChemInform Abstract: DERIVATIVES OF 4‐OXO‐3,4‐DIHYDROPYRIDO(2,3‐D)PYRIMIDINE (1980)

Abstract Aus Nicotinsäure (I) wird über die Zwischenstufen (II) und (III) die 2‐Acetylaminonicotinsäure (IV) hergestellt und diese mit verschiedenen primären Aminen in Gegenwart von Phosphoroxychlorid zu Chinazolinonen (VI) cyclisiert.
Ribosomal Protection Proteins and Their Mechanism ofTetracyclineResistance (2003)

Ribosomal protection represents an important tactic for promoting tetracycline resistance in both gram-positive and -negative species. Tet(O) and Tet(M) are the best studied of these determinants and were originally isolated from Campylobacter jejuni and Streptococcus spp., respectively, although both are widely distributed (10). These are the only two ribosomal protection proteins (RPPs) that have been studied in detail, and therefore, they have been dealt with extensively in this review. It is assumed, however, that the other members of this class of RPPs [Tet(S), Tet(T), Tet(Q), TetB(P), Tet(W), and OtrA] function through similar mechanisms. The distribution of these determinants in the eubacteria has been extensively reviewed by Chopra and Roberts (10) and more recent information can also be found at http://faculty.washington.edu/marilynr/.

Although this review focuses primarily on RPPs, it should be noted that a great variety of tetracycline resistance mechanisms exist (for a review, see reference 10). These determinants include (i) the efflux-based mechanisms found in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (10), (ii) the enzymatic degradation of tetracyclines found in Bacteroides (46), (iii) the rRNA mutations found in Propionibacterium acnes and Helicobacter pylori (19, 40, 55), and (iv) a host of undetermined mechanisms which bear little resemblance to the well-documented determinants mentioned above (10).

In this review, we will survey recent advances in the study of the ribosome, tetracycline, and the RPPs that further the understanding of RPP activity. Earlier work dealing with Tet(M) and Tet(O) as well as the other RPPs has been reviewed previously (51, 52).
Adaptive excitation control (1979)

An adaptive control scheme, with low computational requirements, applied to controlling the excitation of a synchronous generator is described in this paper. The adaption scheme adjusts the feedback gains of a linear controller to minimise the errors between the terminal voltage of the machine and its reference value. Minimising these errors over the time period corresponding to one cycle of normal machine oscillations results in highly desirable damping characteristics. Computer simulations are used to compare the response of the adaptive controller with that of a conventionally controlled machine.
Azure B‐eosin Y stain as the standard Romanowsky‐Giemsa stain* (1982)

S ummary . An azure B‐eosin Y stain is described which is intended to fulfil the requirements of a standard Romanowsky‐Giemsa stain. It consists of pure azure B and eosin Y only and gives strictly reproducible staining results.
Mass Customization (2007)

„It is the customer who determines what a business is.“ Diese Aussage Druckers (1954, S. 37) ist heute aktueller denn je. Immer mehr Anbieter erkennen, dass in vielen Märkten nur noch eine radikale Abkehr von Massenmarketing und -produktion zu dauerhaften Wettbewerbsvorteilen führen kann. Schon in den 1970er Jahren sieht Daniel Bell in seiner berühmten Konzeption der postindustriellen Gesellschaft als „fateful question“, „wether the promise will be realized that instrumental technology will open the way to alternative modes of achieving individuality and variety within a vastly increased output of goods“ (Bell 1980, S. 545). Tatsächlich ist in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten eine zunehmende Segmentierung der Absatzmärkte zu beobachten. Ursache ist der Trend einer zunehmenden Individualisierung der Nachfrage in allen Lebensbereichen. Gründe für diese Entwicklung sind z.B. die steigende Zahl an Single-Haushalten und andere bevölkerungsdemographische Entwicklungen, eine zunehmende Designorientierung, veränderte Wertvorstellungen und vor allem ein neues Qualitäts- und Funktionalitätsbewusstsein, das langlebige und verlässliche Produkte fordert, die genau den spezifischen Vorstellungen eines Abnehmers entsprechen (siehe ausführlich Ludwig 2000; Piller 2006; Schnäbele 1997; Zuboff/Maxin 2002). Gerade kaufkräftige Konsumenten versuchen immer mehr, ihre Persönlichkeit durch eine individuelle Produktwahl zu demonstrieren. Hinzu kommt, dass sich viele Branchen von Verkäufer- zu Käufermärkten mit ausgeprägter abnehmerseitiger Verhandlungsmacht gewandelt haben. Die Abnehmer stellen nicht nur relativ hohe Ansprüche an Individualität, Qualität, Service oder Funktionalität eines Produkts oder einer Leistung (hohe Differenzierung), sondern auch gewisse Mindestanforderungen an dessen Preisgestaltung. Viele Firmen stehen heute vor der schwierigen Aufgabe, vier Wettbewerbstrends miteinander zu verbinden, die klassischerweise kontroverse Maßnahmen erfordern würden (siehe Abb. 1; vgl. Belz 1997): Während der zunehmende internationale Wettbewerb neue Differenzierungsmöglichkeiten fordert, folgen die Abnehmer heute einem erweiterten Qualitätsverständnis und verlangen genau passende Produkte und Leistungen. Eine solche kundenspezifische Leistungserstellung stellt aus Anbietersicht zwar eine wichtige Differenzierungsmöglichkeit dar, darf aber aufgrund des zunehmenden Wettbewerbs nicht zu höheren Absatzpreisen führen, sondern sollte im Gegenteil einen Preisspielraum schaffen, um auf den zunehmenden Preisdruck reagieren zu können.
A survey of the influence of binders in zeolite catalysis (2013)

By means of selected examples taken from the zeolite and zeotype academic literature, the influence of binders and matrix components upon the performance of heterogeneous catalysts is illustrated. Such effects can be significant, showing that the binders and matrices are far from inert components in many systems and that, accordingly, their role is worthy of greater consideration than has hitherto been the case.
Prolonged GnRH agonist and add-back therapy for symptomatic endometriosis: long-term follow-up*1 (2002)

GnRH agonist and norethindrone acetate alone or combined with low-dose conjugated equine estrogens administered to symptomatic endometriosis patients for 12 months provides extended pain relief and bone mineral density preservation after completion of therapy.
A two-dimensional nonisothermal finite element simulation of laser diodes (1993)

A fully self-consistent nonisothermal, two-dimensional model of a semiconductor laser device is presented. The model consists of the simultaneous solution of the electrical equations (Poisson's and electron and hole continuity equations), along with the wave equation, photon rate equation, and thermal conduction equation. An analysis is presented for an AlGaAs-GaAs ridge laser diode structure using this model as a representative example. The results agree well with available experimental data. A comparison of the results between isothermal and nonisothermal simulations shows that the nonisothermal case has a higher threshold current and lower quantum efficiency than the idealized isothermal model. The result was found to depend critically on the thermal exchange boundary condition of the simulated device, demonstrating the importance of considering thermal exchange in the design of laser diodes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A constant power consumption CMOS LC oscillator using improved high-Q active inductor with wide tuning-range (2004)

An improved CMOS high-Q active inductor and a constant power consumption oscillator with wide tuning-range are presented. The inductor using one feedback resistor results in a gain to improve the Q-value of the inductor and tune the inductance (L). Based on this inductor, a negative resistance LC-tuned oscillator with constant power consumption and wide tuning-range has been designed. The simulation results show that the improved active inductor can achieve the maximum Q-value of 3500. The power consumption of a constant value around 10 mW exists in the oscillator. This oscillator also depicts a reasonable phase noise performance of -91 dBc/Hz at 600 kHz from 0.8 GHz to 3 GHz range. Furthermore, the deviation of the phase noise is as small as 6 dBc/Hz during this tuning-range.
Influence of environmental factors on facial ageing (2006)

Our study confirms previous findings of a negative influence of sun exposure, smoking and a low BMI on facial ageing. Furthermore, our study indicates that high social status, low depression score and being married are associated with a younger look, but the strength of the associations varies between genders.
Chronic activation of 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase increases GLUT-4, hexokinase, and glycogen in muscle (1999)

This study was designed to determine whether chronic chemical activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) would increase glucose transporter GLUT-4 and hexokinase in muscles similarly to periodic elevation of AMPK that accompanies endurance exercise training. The adenosine analog, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), has previously been shown to be taken up by cells and phosphorylated to form a compound (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide) that mimics the effect of AMP on AMPK. A single injection of AICAR resulted in a marked increase in AMPK in epitrochlearis and gastrocnemius/plantaris muscles 60 min later. When rats were injected with AICAR (1 mg/g body wt) for 5 days in succession and were killed 1 day after the last injection, GLUT-4 was increased by 100% in epitrochlearis muscle and by 60% in gastrocnemius muscle in response to AICAR. Hexokinase was also increased approximately 2. 5-fold in the gastrocnemius/plantaris. Gastrocnemius glycogen content was twofold higher in AICAR-treated rats than in controls. Chronic chemical activation of AMPK, therefore, results in increases in GLUT-4 protein, hexokinase activity, and glycogen, similarly to those induced by endurance training.
Methods for Evaluating the Stimuli-Responsive Delivery of Nucleic Acid and Gene Medicines (2017)

In this review, we have summarized evaluation methods for the analysis of external stimuli-mediated nucleic acid and gene delivery. Prior to reviewing these evaluation methods, we describe various delivery processes of nucleic acid and gene medicines (small interfering RNA (siRNA), micro RNA, mRNA, plasmid DNA, etc.), which include interaction with blood components, bio-distribution, disposition in the target tissue, cell entry, intracellular trafficking, nuclear localization, and dissociation from the carriers. Next, we discuss the advantages of external stimuli-mediated nucleic acid and gene delivery. External stimuli enable us to effectively deliver nucleic acids and genes to targeted regions. Evaluation methods are required to elucidate the behaviors of nucleic acid and gene medicines in the body. Quantitative analyses of the bio-distribution and in situ disposition in perfused organs, as well as visualization of bio-distribution, transgene expression in the body, and intracellular trafficking of nucleic acid and gene medicines, are all useful in evaluating not only the efficacy and safety of delivery, but also serve as guidelines for the further development of nucleic acid and gene medicines by elucidating delivery problems. Progress in evaluation methods, including tissue optical clearing and super resolution microscopy, will help to better elucidate the in vivo fate of nucleic acid and gene medicines.
The Structure of Bioactive Silicate Glasses:  New Insight from Molecular Dynamics Simulations (2006)

The structural properties of three compositions of phosphosilicate glasses are investigated by means of molecular dynamics computer simulations using a new potential model incorporating polarization effects. Structural features of the three compositions are compared in order to highlight the effect of the composition on the different known bioactivities of these materials. Changes in the coordination environment, network connectivity, and ion aggregation with the silica content are discussed, as they enable us to draw a microscopic model of the glasses, which supports the interpretation of experimental data and provides new insight into the special physicochemical behavior of these materials. The transition from highly bioactive to bioinactive compositions is characterized by a marked increase in the connectivity of the silicate network and by an increasing fraction of phosphate groups involved in P−O−Si cross-links. Our analysis also highlights a possible correlation between the loss of bioactivity and a significant aggregation between Ca2+ and PO43- ions, which leads to calcium-phosphate-rich regions for a bioinactive composition containing 65% SiO2.
Crowdsourcing-Based Fingerprinting for Indoor Location in Multi-Storey Buildings (2021)

The number of available indoor location solutions has been growing, however with insufficient precision, high implementation costs or scalability limitations. As fingerprinting-based methods rely on ubiquitous information in buildings, the need for additional infrastructure is discarded. Still, the time-consuming manual process to acquire fingerprints limits their applicability in most scenarios. This paper proposes an algorithm for the automatic construction of environmental fingerprints on multi-storey buildings, leveraging the information sources available in each scenario. It relies on unlabelled crowdsourced data from users' smartphones. With only the floor plans as input, a demand for most applications, we apply a multimodal approach that joins inertial data, local magnetic field and Wi-Fi signals to construct highly accurate fingerprints. Precise movement estimation is achieved regardless of smartphone usage through Deep Neural Networks, and the transition between floors detected from barometric data. Users' trajectories obtained with Pedestrian Dead Reckoning techniques are partitioned into clusters with Wi-Fi measurements. Straight sections from the same cluster are then compared with subsequence Dynamic Time Warping to search for similarities. From the identified overlapping sections, a particle filter fits each trajectory into the building's floor plans. From all successfully mapped routes, fingerprints labelled with physical locations are finally obtained. Experimental results from an office and a university building show that this solution constructs comparable fingerprints to those acquired manually, thus providing a useful tool for fingerprinting-based solutions automatic setup.
Matrix effects in argon plasma on elemental analysis of archaeological glazes by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (1995)

The elemental composition of historical glazes was determined with use of a sequential PU 7000 (Unicam Analytical Systems) inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer. The lead emission line at 280.199 nm was used to find the optimum viewing position in the plasma for the determination of Si, Pb, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Cu, Mn and Zn. The boron emission line at 249.678 nm was used for the determination of B. The matrix effects of easily ionizable elements such as Li and Na were studied. The influence of a matrix of Fe, Si, Pb, Al, Ca, Mn and Cu in the determination of B was also studied. The samples were fused with Li2B4O7 and for the determination of B, samples were melted with sodium carbonate. The US Geological Survey reference materials GXR-2 and GXR-3 were used to test the method. The detection limits for ten elements and the precision of the method were evaluated.
Nanostructured surfaces for dramatic reduction of flow resistance in droplet-based microfluidics (2003)

This paper reports a dramatic reduction of liquid droplet flow resistance by engineering the surfaces into nanomechanical hydrophobic structures that show a contact angle over 175/spl deg/. Flow resistances of droplets on open surfaces as well as in confined microchannels (between surfaces) have been measured with significant reduction of flow resistance (over 99% and over 95%, respectively) compared with a surface of the same material.
Estimates of the loss of main-chain conformational entropy of different residues on protein folding (1999)

The average contribution of conformational entropy for individual amino acid residues towards the free energy of protein folding is not well understood. We have developed empirical scales for the loss of the main-chain (torsion angles, phi and psi) conformational entropy by taking its side-chain into account. The analysis shows that the main-chain component of the total conformational entropy loss for a residue is significant and reflects intrinsic characteristics associated with individual residues. The values have direct correlation with the hydrophobicity values and this has important bearing on the folding process. Proteins 1999;36:332-339.
VAPORIZATION PARAMETERS OF PRIMARY PYROLYSIS OIL FROM KUKERSITE OIL SHALE; pp. 124–133 (2015)

The objective of this study was to obtain vapor pressure and heat of vaporization values of the less volatile heavy end of the Kukersite oil shale primary pyrolysis oil and therefore to have a quantitative insight into the vaporization ability of the oil during the pyrolysis process. The shale oil was produced via rapid pyrolysis in a laboratory scale reactor and collected in a solvent filled cold trap. The solvent together with lighter oil constituents were evaporated in a vacuum oven. The prepared low-volatile oil fraction for vapor pressure measurements was estimated to be about 60% by weight of the total oil of pyrolysis. A non-isothermal modification of the conventional Knudsen effusion technique was applied to track vapor pressure as a function of the evaporative loss of progressively heavier oil constituents, starting at a several percent mass loss. From the data, atmospheric boiling point values of progressively less volatile oil were derived, indicating that the boiling point increases above 550 Â°C (above the retorting temperature) only when about 75 wt% of the oil has vaporized.