gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical reduction of some o-bis(phenylsulphonyl)benzene derivatives. Effect of the substrate structure and of the addition of bases on the product distribution (1987)

A study of the electrochemical behaviour of the o-bis(phenylsulphonyl)benzene derivatives (1a–e) in dimethyl sulphoxide containing 0.1M-tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate has been undertaken. The results from cyclic voltammetry, controlled-potential electrolysis, and coulometry strongly argue in support of a mechanism involving initial formation of the radical anion (1)–;˙ which fragments into the σ radical (2) and PhSO2–. Competing pathways for (2) are: (a) intramolecular homolytic arylation eventually leading to dibenzothiophene (4) together with dihydrodibenzothiophene (5) derivatives and (b) hydrogen-atom transfer leading to monosulphones (6). The fact that compounds (1a, b) undergo mainly cyclization, whereas the hydrogen-atom transfer predominates in the case of compounds (1c, d), indicates that the structure of the starting substrate is a major governing factor for the above competition. An explanation, based on a concomitance of steric effects of the methyl groups ortho to the phenylsulphonyl substituents, is given. Experiments carried out in the presence of different bases show that the intramolecular arylation leading to the cyclized product can occur also through an unprecedented chain mechanism whose efficiency, which increases as the strength and the concentration of the base is increased, is found in turn to be dependent on the substrate structure. Finally, when arenethiolates are used as bases, a third pathway (the nucleophile-radical coupling step of the SRN1 process) is found to compete for the intermediate σ rdical (2) eventually leading to sulphides resulting from the overall substitution of an arylthio for a phenylsulphonyl moiety in (1). When the intramolecular cyclization does not compete efficiently almost quantitative yields of sulphides are obtained via an SRN1 route.
SYNTHESIS OF PHENYLANTHRANILIC ACIDS (1923)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSYNTHESIS OF PHENYLANTHRANILIC ACIDSNeal TuttleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1923, 45, 8, 1906–1916Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1923Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1923https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01661a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01661a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views150Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Safety and Feasibility of Using a Central Venous Catheter for Rapid Contrast Injection Rates (2004)

Rapid contrast injection rates, at 3.0-5.0 mL/sec, through the Arrow-Howes multilumen central venous catheter are feasible and safe in the clinical setting. However, a strict protocol should be followed to avoid possible serious complications.
Iterative methods for solving linear variational inequality (2002)

The aim of the article is to generalize Mangasarian's (1977) iterative method, which was designed for linear complementarity problems on R/sub +//sup n/ to solving linear variational inequalities on any arbitrary closed convex subset of R/sup n/. Moreover, the non-accurate iteration and non-symmetric case are studied in the present paper.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Application for Single Price Auction Model (SPA) in AC Network (2005)

This paper aims to develop a single price auction model with AC transmission network, based on the principle of maximizing social surplus of electricity market. Specifically, we first formulate the auction market as a nonlinear optimization problem, which has almost the same form as the conventional optimal power flow problem, and then propose an algorithm to derive both market clearing price and trade volume of each player even for the case of market-splitting. As indicated in the paper, the proposed approach can be used not only for the price evaluation of auction or bidding market but also for analysis of bidding strategy, congestion effect and other constraints or factors. Several numerical examples are used to demonstrate effectiveness of our method.
Studies on corona in transformer oil by measurement of space charge (1984)

Studies were carried out in needle-plane gaps with a comparatively long separation in transormer oil. Relations of needle voltage with space charge quantities due to coronas by lightning impulse and A. C. voltages were obtained. The charge quantities for AC voltage are larger than that for the impulse voltage. Back discharge phenomena take place, accompanied by sudden space charge reductions at the wave tail of the impulse voltage. The space charge quanytity due to initial cronas at the wave front are reduced considerably by the phenomena.
Are old running shoes detrimental to your feet? A pedobarographic study (2011)

Plantar pressure measurements in general were higher in new running shoes. This could be due to the lack of flexibility in new running shoes. The risk of injury to the foot and ankle would appear to be higher if running shoes are changed frequently. We recommend breaking into new running shoes slowly using them for mild physical activity.
Ruby Laser Action at the R_2 Wavelength (1964)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text C. J. Hubbard and E. W. Fisher, "Ruby Laser Action at the R2 Wavelength," Appl. Opt. 3, 1499-1500 (1964) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Superinfection Exclusion by Incomplete Genomes of Bacteriophage T4 (1973)

The genetic basis of superinfection exclusion by bacteriophage T4 was investigated by using incomplete genomes derived from the gene 66 mutant E920g. Incomplete genomes, which included a region of T4 between genes 42 and 44, were able to exclude superinfecting phage with an efficiency similar to that of complete genomes. Those genomes which did not include this region were unable to exclude superinfecting phage. A mutant with reduced ability to exclude super-infecting phage was isolated after mutagenesis with hydroxylamine. The mutation maps midway between amN122 in gene 42 and amB22 in gene 43. The efficiency of exclusion of superinfecting phage (as measured by the percentage of superinfected cells which failed to release any phage carrying selected markers of the superinfecting phage) by this mutant was 50 to 60%, whereas for wild type it was 85 to 95%. Uptake of (3)H-leucine by cells infected with the mutant was inhibited by superinfection with ghosts and it has therefore been designated imm1, for lack of immunity to superinfecting phage and ghosts. The formation of infective centers by cells infected with imm1 or another imm(-) mutant (imm2) was not inhibited by superinfection with ghosts.
Suppression technique for fiber four-wave mixing using optical multi-/demultiplexers and a delay line (1993)

A technique is proposed for suppressing four-wave mixing (FWM) in optical fiber lines that have multistage optical amplifiers. The phase relationship of the FWM light components is randomized by combinations of optical multi-/demultiplexers and a delay line, so that the total FWM light power is reduced. A preliminary experiment confirming the suppression mechanism is carried out, and the effect of the new suppression technique in multichannel systems is evaluated. The calculations show that the technique reduces the FWM crosstalk in the zero-dispersion wavelength region.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Insulin-like Growth Factor II Induces DNA Synthesis in Fetal Ventricular Myocytes In Vitro (1996)

Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF2) belongs to a family of growth factors that includes insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF1). Although the accumulating evidence indicates that IGF1 is involved in regulating proliferation of ventricular myocytes, the role of IGF2 is less clear. To gain more insight into the functions of IGF2, rat ventricular expression of IGF2 mRNA at four developmental stages was examined by Northern analysis. An abundant IGF2 mRNA of ≈3.8 kb was detected in fetal ventricles. It was dramatically decreased in neonatal ventricles and became undetectable in juvenile and adult ventricles. Similar expression patterns of the mRNA encoding IGF1 receptor and IGF2 receptor were observed. Since the results of Northern analysis strongly suggest the importance of IGF2 in regulating proliferation of fetal rat ventricular myocytes, the effects of an exogenous IGF2 on DNA synthesis in cultured rat ventricular myocytes were determined. DNA synthesis, which was monitored by measuring 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation, was increased by twofold to threefold in IGF2-stimulated fetal ventricular myocytes, whereas no change in BrdU or [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation was observed in neonatal ventricular myocytes. Instead, IGF2 seemed to induce hypertrophy in neonatal ventricular myocytes. An antisense oligonucleotide against rat IGF2 mRNA was able to significantly reduce BrdU incorporation, and this effect was quantitatively reversed by the addition of exogenous IGF2. Reversion by exogenous IGF2 was abolished by a monoclonal antibody against IGF1 receptor. In conclusion, our results suggest that IGF2 directly regulates proliferation of fetal rat ventricular myocytes in a paracrine/autocrine fashion.
Determination of polyphenols compounds of Baccaurea angulata (Belimbing Dayak) (2011)

The invasive ability of tumor cells plays a key role in prostate cancer metastasis and is a major cause of treatment failure. Urokinase plasminogen activator-(uPA) and its receptor (uPAR)-mediated signaling have been implicated in tumor cell invasion, survival, and metastasis in a variety of cancers. This study was undertaken to investigate the biological roles of uPA and uPAR in prostate cancer cell invasion and survival, and the potential of uPA and uPAR as targets for prostate cancer therapy. uPA and uPAR expression correlates with the metastatic potential of prostate cancer cells. Thus, therapies designed to inhibit uPA and uPAR expression would be beneficial. LNCaP, DU145, and PC3 are prostate cancer cell lines with low, moderate, and high metastatic potential, respectively, as demonstrated by their capacity to invade the extracellular matrix. In this study we utilized small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), also referred to as small interfering RNAs, to target human uPA and uPAR. These small interfering RNA constructs significantly inhibited uPA and uPAR expression at both the mRNA and protein levels in the highly metastatic prostate cancer cell line PC3. Our data demonstrated that uPA-uPAR knockdown in PC3 cells resulted in a dramatic reduction of tumor cell invasion as indicated by a Matrigel invasion assay. Furthermore, simultaneous silencing of the genes for uPA and uPAR using a single plasmid construct expressing shRNAs for both uPA and uPAR significantly reduced cell viability and ultimately resulted in the induction of apoptotic cell death. RNA interference for uPA and uPAR also abrogated uPA-uPAR signaling to downstream target molecules such as ERK1/2 and Stat 3. In addition, our results demonstrated that intratumoral injection with the plasmid construct expressing shRNAs for uPA and uPAR almost completely inhibited established tumor growth and survival in an orthotopic mouse prostate cancer model. These findings uncovered evidence of a complex signaling network operating downstream of uPA-uPAR that actively advances tumor cell invasion, proliferation, and survival of prostate cancer cells. Thus, RNA interference-directed targeting of uPA and uPAR is a convenient and novel tool for studying the biological role of the uPA-uPAR system and raises the potential of its application for prostate cancer therapy.
Effect of Storage on the Essential Oil Composition of<i>Piper nigrum</i>L. Fruits of Different Ripening States (2004)

The qualitative and quantitative composition of the essential oil from black, green, and white pepper was determined by using a simultaneous distillation and extraction micromethod for oil isolation and gas chromatography (GC)/flame ionization detection (FID) and GC/mass spectrometry (MS) analysis techniques. The most abundant compounds in pepper oils were (E)-beta-caryophyllene (1.4-70.4%), limonene (2.9-38.4%), beta-pinene (0.7-25.6%), Delta-3-carene (1.7-19.0%), sabinene (0-12.2%), alpha-pinene (0.3-10.4%), eugenol (0.1-41.0%), terpinen-4-ol (0-13.2%), hedycaryol (0-9.1%), beta-eudesmol (0-9.7%), and caryophyllene oxide (0.1-7.2%). Green pepper corn obtained by a sublimation drying method gave more oil (12.1 mg/g) and a much higher content of monoterpenes (84.2%) in the oil than air-dried green pepper corn (0.8 mg/g and 26.8%, respectively). The oil from ground black pepper contained more monoterpenes and less sesquiterprnes and oxygenated terpenoids as compared to green and white pepper oils. After 1 year of storage of pepper samples in a glass vessel at room temperature, the amount of the oils isolated decreased, the content of terpenes decreased, and the amount of oxygenated terpenoids increased. Differently from other pepper samples, 1 year storage of green pepper corn raised the oil amount more than twice of both drying methods.
The Analysis of Complete Fertilizers Containing Cyanamid (1914)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Analysis of Complete Fertilizers Containing CyanamidH. W. Hill and W. S. LandisCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1914, 6, 1, 20–22Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1914Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1914https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50061a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50061a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views13Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A coronavirus-like agent present in faeces of cows with diarrhoea (1975)

"A coronavirus-like agent present in faeces of cows with diarrhoea." , 23(5), p. 98 Previous article View issue table of contents Next article
Muon decays in the Earth's atmosphere, differential aging and the paradox of the twins (2008)

Observation of the decay of muons produced in the Earth's atmosphere by cosmic ray interactions provides a graphic illustration of the counter-intuitive space-time predictions of special relativity theory. Muons at rest in the atmosphere, decaying simultaneously, are subject to a universal time-dilatation effect when viewed from a moving frame and so are also observed to decay simultaneously in all such frames. The analysis of this example reveals the underlying physics of the differential aging effect in Langevin's travelling-twin thought experiment.
Comparison of the effect of the recovery of hematopoiesis of human umbilical cord blood-derived stromal cells with that of human bone marrow stromal cells (2013)

Objective To compare the effect of the recovery of hematopoiesis of human umbilical cord blood-derived stromal cells with that of human bone marrow stromal cells(hBMSCs).Methods A total of 63 BALB/C mice were given 6.0Gy 60Co rays total body irradiation and randomly assigned into irradiation control group(n=21),hBMSCs group(n=21),hUCBDSCs group(n=21).After the transplantation,the changes in peripheral blood,colony count,bone marrow biopsy and pathology were observed on 1 d,3 d,5 d,7 d,10 d,14 d and 21 d,respectively.Results White blood cell,platelet and red blood cell declined on 3~5days after all the transplantation,picked up on the 7th day,the hUCBDSCs group was higher than that in hBMSCs group and control group(P0.05),and was fastest recovery in the 3 groups(P0.05).The CFU-E,BFU-E,CFU-GM,CFU-GMEE counts in hUCBDSCs group on 21days were(113±6),(167±6),(131±6),(14±4),which were also higher than that in hBMSCs group and control group(P0.05),and all the mice were survival.The CFU-E,BFU-E,CFU-GM,CFU-GMEE counts in hBMSCs group on 21days were(46±6),(141±11),(118±18),(10±1) and were(87±3),(122±4),(84±7),(5±1)in control group.The results among the 3 groups were statistically significant different.(P0.05) Conclusion hUCBDSCs is better than hBMSCs on the effect of hemopoiesis repair and thombocytopoiesis.hUCBDSCs transplantation should be looked as a safe and effective way for recovery of hematopoietic microenvironment.
Use of the pulsed infrared diode laser (904 nm) in the treatment of alopecia areata (2006)

The pulsed infrared diode laser is an effective mode of therapy with a high success rate for resistant patches of alopecia areata.
Chemically Modified Carbon Nanotubes: Derivatization and Their Applications (2011)

Nanotechnology and Nanoscience is the fastest emerging and developing field of science, which find technological importance and intense interest to many researchers. The unique chemical, physical, electronic (metallic or semiconducting) and high thermal properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) made them interesting materials for widespread application in the fields such as electrochemical sensors, biosensors, supports for heterogeneous metal catalysts in organic synthesis, fuel cells, semiconductors, batteries, random access memory cells, field effect transistor, field emission display, atomic force microscopy probes, microelectrodes, specific adsorbents to remove organic pollutants from water and waste water and as a potential drug carriers in cancer therapy. The poor solubility of carbon nanotubes in organic solvents restricts them to be used as drug delivery agents into living systems in drug therapy. Hence many modification approaches like physical, chemical or combined have been exploited for their homogeneous dispersion in common solvents to improve their solubility [1-4]. The reports appeared till now in the literature reveals that the modification is required to control the dispersion and such modification introduces specific functionalities as molecular wedges onto the surface of the carbon nanotubes. Thus the functional groups present on the surface control the lateral interactions between the bundles and separate indivisual tubes. Hence homogeneous dispersion can be achieved by breaking the close lateral contact between them which enhances the affinity towards solvents and other related matrices [2]. Due to these specific properties, many research groups explored the development of novel methods for the modification of nanotubes and investigated the mechanistic aspects of these new class of novel materials called chemically modified carbon nanotubes (CMCNTs). Many applications require covalent modification to meet specific requirements i.e. in case of biosensors the biomolecules require electron mediators to promote electron transfer [5]. Similarly electrochemical metal ion sensors require specific functional groups which show potential affinity towards particular metal ion [6]. The chemical modification of a carbon substrate material was first reported by Murray et. al. in 1970s [7]. The modification protocol was generally achieved by attaching specific molecule or entity which imparts chemical specificity to the substrate material [8]. These chemical modifications can be easily achieved in many ways but in this chapter the modification routes are mainly classified into two
A Model for Improving the Quality and Timeliness of Compensation and Pension Examinations in VA Facilities (2003)

In response to external and internal customer dissatisfaction and in anticipation of markedly higher volumes of examination requests, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) produced an eight-month facilitated quality-improvement project designed to improve the quality and timeliness of compensation examination processing. To determine whether participation in the project was associated with better outcomes and to identify team characteristics that were associated with high performance, we obtained centrally collected facility-level performance measures on quality and timeliness of the examinations. To determine factors associated with team success, we compared measures of leadership support reported by teams with high and low performance outcomes. Thirty teams representing 34 VA medical centers and 22 Veterans Benefits Administration's regional offices participated in the project. Monthly volumes were significantly higher for participating teams, and volumes increased significantly over time for both groups. At the beginning of the project, examination timeliness was substantially worse for participating teams (34.1 versus 29.9 days, p = .03); by the end, participants had better performance (28.5 versus 30.3 days, p = .00). Quality measures were maintained. By the end of the project, high performers reported improved leadership, frontline support, resource availability, alignment with strategic goals, and leadership mandate when compared to performance at the beginning of the project; low performers reported the opposite. These results suggest that the principles of clinical improvement can be applied successfully to teach teams how to achieve process improvements within a large healthcare organization. Visible, ongoing support by leadership and alignment of project objectives with strategic goals are associated with improved project outcomes.
Reversible Wettability of a Chemical Vapor Deposition Prepared ZnO Film between Superhydrophobicity and Superhydrophilicity (2004)

A superhydrophobic ZnO thin film was fabricated by the Au-catalyzed chemical vapor deposition method. The surface of the film exhibits hierarchical structure with nanostructures on sub-microstructures. The water contact angle (CA) was 164.3 degrees, turning into a superhydrophilic one (CA < 5 degrees) after UV illumination, which can be recovered through being placed in the dark or being heated. The film was attached tightly to the substrate, showing good stability and durability. The surface structures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy.