gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Case report Hepatocellular carcinoma in association with cirrhosis in a patient with cystic fibrosis (2004)

Background: Cystic fibrosis liver disease (CFLD) occurs in 37% of patients with CF. To date and to the best of our knowledge, there has not been a documented case of hepatocellular carcinoma in association with cirrhosis and CF. Case report: A 32-year-old lady with cystic fibrosis (CF) presented for her annual review. She had been diagnosed with CFLD since early adolescence. A routine ultrasound of her liver revealed lesions consistent with hepatocellular carcinoma. This was confirmed on histology. She had no risk factors for hepatitis, and thorough investigation revealed no other cause for her chronic liver disease. She was also found to be pregnant at the time of diagnosis. Her tumour was considered too large for resection and liver transplantation and she was referred to a national centre for laser ablative therapy. Conclusion: It is our concern that with the increased life expectancy of patients with CF and the chronic nature of CFLD that this may be an increasingly recognised complication amongst the CF adult population. Therefore, we have changed our practice to more intense surveillance of patients with established CFLD to incorporate biannual ultrasound imaging of the hepatic system and yearly serum concentration measurements of alpha-fetoprotein. D 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Cystic Fibrosis Society.
Synthesis of a Peptidomimetic Tricyclic Tetrahydrobenzo[<i>i</i><i>j</i>]quinoline as a VLA-4 Antagonist (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTSynthesis of a Peptidomimetic Tricyclic Tetrahydrobenzo[ij]quinoline as a VLA-4 AntagonistWen-Bin Ho and Chris BrokaView Author Information Roche Bioscience, Palo Alto, California 94304 [email protected]Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65, 20, 6743–6748Publication Date (Web):September 13, 2000Publication History Received21 July 1999Published online13 September 2000Published inissue 1 October 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo991162khttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo991162kbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views664Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Cell physiology,Cyclization,Ethers,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and Application of Peptide Dendrimers As Protein Mimetics (1999)

The use of peptides to mimic a portion of a protein structure is a challenging and powerful tool in the discovery of new drugs. In native proteins, discontinuous bioactive peptide surfaces are held together in a particular conformation by the structural rigidity of the protein. Approaches to mimicking a structural surface center on bringing the potential peptide sequences together by assembling the peptide chains on a template. These templates can be flexible dendrimeric or cyclic peptides as well as more rigid organic molecules. The Multiple Antigen Peptide (MAP) system represents a novel approach to preparing peptide immunogens. The MAP consists of an inner core matrix built up of a large layer of Lys residues and a surface of peptide chains attached to the core matrix. Because of its dendrimeric structure, MAP can be very useful as a template for assembling potential peptide surfaces. A variation of this procedure, the cyclic Multiple Antigen Peptide (cMAP) approach, is also presented here. Having branched multiple closed-chain architectures, the cMAP system is often a superior approach for protein mimetics because the multiple constrained peptides can mimic bioactive conformations. Whether to select this approach over MAP depends on the properties of the peptides, but usually if the peptides are too small to adopt a stable conformation on their own, incorporation of a cyclic structure may be necessary. MAPs have been applied to areas of study such as inhibitors, artificial proteins, affinity purifications, and intracellular transport.
Roles for Arg- and Lys-Gingipains in the Disruption of Cytokine Responses and Loss of Viability of Human Endothelial Cells by Porphyromonas gingivalis Infection (2002)

Accumulating evidence indicates that periodontal disease is associated with human cardiovascular diseases. The periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis was shown to be present in atherosclerotic plaques in addition to periodontal pockets. This bacterium is known to produce two individual cysteine proteinases, Arg-gingipain (Rgp) and Lys-gingipain (Kgp). Here we show that these two enzymes are responsible for either the disruption of cytokine responses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) to the bacterium infection or the loss of cell viability. The expression of interleukin-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA in HUVEC was greatly induced when infected with the wild-type strain, nevertheless, their protein levels in the culture medium were markedly decreased. This decrease was completely abolished in the cells infected with the Rgp/Kgp-null mutant, but not in either the Rgp- or Kgp-null mutants. Loss of the adhesion activity and viability of HUVEC were greatly induced by the culture supernatant of the wild-type strain and strongly inhibited by either a combination of the Rgp- and the Kgp-specific inhibitors or the deficiency of the Rgp- and Kgp-encoding genes. These findings indicate that P. gingivalis modulates the cytokine response in the cells and disrupts the adhesion activity and the viability through the cooperative action of Rgp and Kgp and thereby may contribute to pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases as well as periodontal disease.
Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial peptides an evolving phenomenon (2016)

Bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics is currently a real problem all over the world, making novel antimicrobial compounds a real research priority. Some of the most promising compounds found to date are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The benefits of these drugs include their broad spectrum of activity that affects several microbial processes, making the emergence of resistance less likely. However, bacterial resistance to AMPs is an evolving phenomenon that compromises the therapeutic potential of these compounds. Therefore, it is mandatory to understand bacterial mechanisms of resistance to AMPs in depth, in order to develop more powerful AMPs that overcome the bacterial resistance response.
ChemInform Abstract: Fast‐field‐cycling NMR: Applications and Instrumentation. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Two histidine residues are essential for catalysis by lecithin retinol acyl transferase (2001)

Lecithin retinol acyl transferase (LRAT) is a novel membrane bound enzyme that catalyzes the formation of retinyl esters from vitamin A and lecithin. The enzyme is both essential for vision and for the general mobilization of vitamin A. The sequence of LRAT defines it as a novel enzyme unrelated to any other protein of known function. LRAT possesses a catalytically essential active site cysteine residue. The enzyme also contains six histidine residues. It is shown here that two of these residues (H57 and H163) are essential for catalysis. A mechanistic hypothesis is presented to account for these observations.
WE‐C‐M100F‐05: Methodology and Guidelines in Treatment Planning of IMRT for Lung Cancers (2007)

Purposes: To review the current clinical outcome of lung cancer patients treated with IMRT; to develop a treatment planning methodology and guideline for using IMRT in treating lung cancers. Methods: Lung cancer patients treated with IMRT were reviewed with respect to clinical outcome and treatment plans used. Major toxicity including radiation pneumonitis and esophagitis were analyzed. In the process of IMRT inverse planning, methodologies of selecting appropriate beam angles and planning objectives were developed to limit the spread of beam angles and low‐dose radiation in protecting normal lung and other critical structures. Important IMRT planning parameters and their guidelines were derived, e.g. on the number of beams, beam angles, degree of intensity modulation, and DVH constraints for normal tissues. Results: We reviewed 68 locally advanced lung cancer cases treated with IMRT and with adequate clinical followup time. The rate of grade ⩾ 3 TRP at 12 months was reduced to 8% in IMRT patients in contrast to 32% in 3D‐CRT patients treated historically, despite larger GTV sizes in the IMRT cohort. Mean lung dose and the volume of low‐dose radiation to healthy lung may be important factors affecting the risk of radiation pneumonitis. In achieving quality IMRT plans, 6 beams were used in average, with the optimal beam angles being most frequently along the anterior‐posterior direction of the thorax; the number of MLC segments per beam was confined to be less than 15 with the total MU per fraction approximately 3 times of the prescribed tumor dose. Conclusions: With proper considerations given to treatment planning methodology and other technical issues involved, IMRT may be an effective and safe modality in radiation therapy of locally advanced lung cancers.
Laboratory testing of clothes washers. Final report (1995)

Horizontal axis (H-axis) clothes washers use less water and energy than conventional top-loading vertical axis (V-axis) clothes washers, yet sales in the US are insignificant. In the High Efficiency Laundry Metering and Market Analysis (THELMA) project, EPRI and a group of utilities have pooled their resources to develop the basis for successful DSM programs to accelerate the acceptance of this technology in the US market. This report covers the laboratory test phase of the THELMA project. The objective of this effort was to measure the performance of a representative sample of currently manufactured H-axis washers and to compare this performance to that of a typical V-axis washer. Several aspects of performance were measured, with the emphasis on measures of energy consumption and water consumption: DOE washer capacity; Hot and cold water consumption; Energy consumption by the washer mechanical drive; DOE energy factor; Water extraction effectiveness; Effect of water extraction effectiveness on dryer energy; Soil removal effectiveness; Rinsing effectiveness and Gentleness of action. Six H-axis washers, provided by US or European manufacturers, were tested. Test results varied over a range for these six machines, but on average, the H-axis washers used 40% less energy (normalized to basket volume) and 25% lessmore » water (normalized to basket volume) when measured according to the DOE test procedure.« less
Stress manipulated coating for figure reshape of light weight X-ray telescope mirrors (2015)

We present our idea to correct the surface profile of X-ray telescope mirrors by employing a spatially distributed variable stress coating. Future X-ray telescope missions require light weight optics with an angular resolution ≤. 1" . However, the typical desired thickness of a light weight mirror shell is ≤ 0.4mm, and to date such thin shelled mirrors that have been fabricated cannot meet the required figure accuracy. Therefore most the common approach is to modify the figure of the initially produced mirror shell. In this paper, we describe one such approach. Our approach uses a DC magnetron sputtering process with a variable electrical bias. The end result is a locally variable stress which has the potential to improve the figure of the initially fabricated thin . In this work we report out first results. These include: reproducibility, important technical details of the coating process, and the results of stability tests on several samples monitored. Further, as a proof of concept, we applied a coating with a modulated bias to demonstrate the feasibility to manipulate the surface profile.
Asteroid Exploration with Autonomic Systems A Biologically-Inspired Approach based on the Immunological System (2007)

We outline a potential approach to the development of future autonomic NASA space exploration missions. The approach is quite different from other efforts to date, and is inspired by the human immunological system and exploits agent-based technologies to support autonomic features such as: self-managing, self-configuring, self-healing, self-optimizing, self-protecting, and finally two novel features of future NASA swarm-based missions: self-predicting and self-learning, which may help in extending levels of autonomy in future missions. The approach offers several detection mechanisms for recognizing self and non-self patterns. This sense of "self" of the immunological system is related to the ability to learn to recognize new kinds of threats. The hierarchical architecture based on agents offers a high flexibility for repairing, maintaining, configuring, and optimizing functions of the spacecraft in real time
Evolutionary Optimization of a Morphing Wing with Wind-Tunnel Hardware in the Loop (2009)

Active wing morphing is a fertile technology in the realm of unmanned and micro air vehicles: low flight loads and flexible wing materials allow substantial deformation with relatively low actuation power. Proper shape management of these wings for maximum performance is challenging: numerical optimization methods may struggle to accurately predict the three-dimensional flow separation, transition, and reattachment expected at the low operating Reynolds numbers. Conventional experimental optimization techniques (a response surface fit through a designed experiment) may be unable to represent the discontinuous objective functions commonly seen in aerodynamic applications, and the number of function evaluations can become overwhelming with high-fidelity actuation mechanisms. This paper outlines an effective experimental technique for optimizing a morphing airfoil: a genetic algorithm with wind tunnel hardware (strain gage sting balance) in the loop. Optimal wing shapes are found to maximize the measured lift or efficiency through a sweep of angles of attack, for a wing with a single actuation point (camber control) and two actuation points (camber and reflex control). Aerodynamic and electrical hysteresis limits the repeatability of sting balance measurements, complicating the convergence of the genetic algorithm, but not preventing adequate location of optimal designs.
Present and Future Trends in Research and Clinical Applications of Inodilators (1989)

The rationale of combining vasodilatation with positive inotropic intervention in the treatment of chronic heart failure has found a new implementation in the "inodilator" drugs. Inodilators are characterized by the properties of exerting positive inotropic effect and inducing systemic vasodilatation. The cellular mechanisms involved in the regulation of contractility of cardiac and vascular muscle and the pathophysiological events occurring in heart failure are briefly discussed, and the pharmacological profile as well as the therapeutic use of these drugs are reviewed. On the basis of the mechanism of action, two groups of inodilators are distinguished, the phosphodiesterase inhibitors and the dopaminergic agents. The increase of [cAMP]i induced by the phosphodiesterase inhibitors is responsible for their vasodilating effect and for the positive inotropic action, but many of them have in addition the ability to enhance the Ca2+ sensitivity of cardiac contractile proteins. The complex organization and the cardinal role of the catecholaminergic receptor system in the control of cardiovascular function and its contribution to the pathophysiological events occurring in heart failure are the rational basis of the therapeutic use of dopaminergic agents. These drugs, acting on DA, beta-, and alpha-receptors, exert not only positive inotropic and vasodilating effects, but also a diuretic action, and can reduce aldosterone and renin secretion, blunt an excessive sympathetic activity, and possibly promote the release of atrial natriuretic peptide. The multireceptor mechanism of dopamine-like drugs, which accounts for their favorable hemodynamic, neurohumoral, and diuretic effects, represents the most promising approach to inodilator therapy.
Real-World Safety of Intravitreal Bevacizumab and Ranibizumab Treatments for Retinal Diseases in Thailand: A Prospective Observational Study (2018)

Thai Clinical Trial Registry identifier TCTR20141002001.
Towards green power electronics: software controllers and domain knowledge (2014)

One of the key challenges of green software is that various aspects have an impact to the overall energy consumption over the lifetime of a system operated by software. In particular, in the field of industrial applications, where embedded devices cooperate with many IT systems to make the industrial processes more efficient, to reduce waste or raw materials, and to save the environment, the concept of green software becomes unclear. In this paper, we address the green aspects of software in different phases – software construction, software execution, and software control in both inside an individual component and as a part of a complete industrial application. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the insight into system knowledge, not aspects related to software per se, is the key to create truly green software. Consequently, when considering truly software green, the focus is to be placed on the system level savings for embedded systems at the highest possible level where domain knowledge can be taken into account, not on software development or execution.
Temperate and lytic cyanophages from the Gulf of Mexico (2006)

The unicellular cyanobacterial species Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus are known to be vital components of marine ecosystems, especially in the vast oligotrophic areas. Lytic cyanophages infecting unicellular phytoplankton are prevalent and have been demonstrated to act as important constraints on community composition contributing to the seasonal succession in genotypes. Lysogeny in Synechococcus has been documented experimentally in natural environments by prophage induction. At this time it is completely unknown how prevalent lysogeny is among Synechococcus populations. This study was performed to document important features such as size, morphology and the incidence of the T4-like capsid portal protein gene (g20) in a group of lytic Synechococcus cyanophages (35 isolates) isolated from the Gulf of Mexico. A group of Synechococcus isolates (24 strains) were isolated concurrently to investigate the virulence and cross-infectivity of the lytic cyanophages and to determine the frequency of lysogeny by detection of inducible prophage. The host range of the cyanophages toward these Synechococcus strains ranged from 1 of 25 (host of isolation only) to 17 of 25 (68%). Of the 35 cyanophage isolates the large majority were myoviruses (94%) and only two (6%) were of the podovirus type. The expected polymerase chain reaction product for g20 was detected in 20 of the phages (63%). The presence of a detectable g20 was associated with low-infectivity cyanophages at the 90% confidence interval. The Synechococcus strains varied in their resistance to lytic infection from 11% to resistance to all of the phage isolates utilized in testing. The prevalence of inducible prophage-like particles was determined in the Synechococcus strains using mitomycin C and enumerating viruses by epifluorescence microscopy. A statistically significant increase in viruses was detected in 11 of the strains (46%) in response to mitomycin C. There was no observed relationship between the occurrence of prophage induction in the Synechococcus isolates and their resistance to lytic infection. One putative lysogen was induced by continuous high light and contained a prophage-like particle with a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) genome. Such a prophage-like particle is unlike any prophage described to date, implying that the process of lysogeny is unique in certain marine Synechococcus strains.
Defect generation and suppression during the impurity-induced layer disordering of quantum-sized GaAs/GaInP layers (1994)

We have investigated both analytically and experimentally the mechanisms for defect formation during interdiffusion of GaAs and GaInP. We find that the analytical model predicts a critical thickness below which defects are not produced during this highly strained interdiffusion process. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of diffused buried layers of varying thickness exhibits very good qualitative agreement with the analysis developed.
Efficient nanostructured ‘black’ silicon solar cell by copper‐catalyzed metal‐assisted etching (2014)

Abstract We produce low‐reflectivity nanostructured ‘black’ silicon (bSi) using copper (Cu) nanoparticles as the catalyst for metal‐assisted etching and demonstrate a 17.0%‐efficient Cu‐etched bSi solar cell without any vacuum‐deposited anti‐reflection coating. The concentration ratio of HF to H 2 O 2 in the etch solution provides control of the nanostructure morphology. The solar‐spectrum‐weighted average reflection (R ave ) for bSi is as low as 3.1% on Cu‐etched planar samples; we achieve lower reflectivity by nanostructuring of micron‐scale pyramids. Successful Cu‐based anti‐reflection etching requires a concentration ratio [HF]/[H 2 O 2 ] ≥ 3. Our 17.0%‐efficient Cu‐etched bSi photovoltaic cell with a pyramid‐texture has a R ave of 3% and an open circuit voltage (V oc ) of 616 mV that might be further improved by reducing near‐surface phosphorus (P) densities. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Residual stress measurement by successive extension of a slot: A literature review (1997)

This report reviews the technical literature on techniques that employ successive extension of a slot and the resulting deformations to measure residual stress. Such techniques are known variously in the literature as the compliance or crack compliance method, the successive cracking method, the slotting method, and a fracture mechanics based approach. The report introduces the field and describes the basic aspects of these methods. The report then reviews all literature on the theoretical developments of the method. The theory portion first considers forward method solutions including fracture mechanics, finite element, analytical, and body force methods. Then it examines inverse solutions, including incremental inverses and series expansions. Next, the report reviews all experimental applications of slotting methods. Aspects reviewed include the specimen geometry and material, the details of making the slot, the method used to measure deformation, and the theoretical solutions used to solve for stress. Finally, the report makes a brief qualitative comparison between slotting methods and other residual stress measurement methods.