gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sample Quality Prediction with Integrated Oil and Water-based Mud Invasion Modeling. (2002)

Abstract Wireline formation sample contamination and quality control depend on formation parameters and mud characteristics. The invasion process is a complex multi-phase problem particularly when mixed miscible and immiscible fluids are present. The scenario is complex when either oil-based mud (OBM) or water-based mud (WBM) invades a reservoir with initial oil-water concentration. Either oil or water may be the principal contaminating fluid depending on mud type. This paper presents the results of analyses based on the first wellbore invasion simulator that models the complete problem. The governing differential equations for miscible and immiscible fluids, with fluid compressibility, rock heterogeneity and anisotropy, and gravity are developed from first principles and implemented in a finite difference code. In addition, general boundary conditions allow dynamically coupled mudcake growth, which do not assume that mudcake completely controls invasion into the formation. The simulator developed also allows bed boundary modeling as well as assessment of multi-probed pumping. Previous invasion simulations in the literature are based on two-phase immiscible fluids where WBM invades an oil zone. Of greatest interest, however, in sampling quality is the OBM invasion problem. OBM contains a mixture of oil and water, where the oil is the continuous phase and encapsulates the water. The continuous mud filtrate phase dominates the invasion and, according to molecular diffusion dynamics, mixes miscibly with formation fluids. The effects of anisotropy, mudcake growth, gravity, and two-phase flow properties on this problem can thus be assessed. While invasion has a strong influence on potential sample quality, the pumpout wireline formation tester (PWFT) sampling procedures can be designed to have an equal influence on sample quality. The new simulator can evaluate the concentration of the fluid phases and types during the sampling process. Although it is a fact that sampling rate as well as the placement of a probe within a zone can have an impact on sample quality, in practice the oil's bubble point pressure limits the sampling pumpout rate. However, if a tester is equipped with more than one probe, as the new tester is, pumping through both probes can increase sampling rates. Additionally, if the sampling probe is placed near a permeability barrier, a further improvement on sample quality can be expected. All of these options can potentially improve sample quality and reduce pumpout time. To study these effects a sensitivity analysis has been performed using the simulator to determine the impact sampling procedures have on sample quality. PWFT log examples are used to compare with the simulated results.
An approach for modeling the valve train system to control the homogeneous combustion in a compression ignition engine (2011)

This paper presents an approach for modeling the valve train system to obtain a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine from a gasoline engine. The HCCI engines use different indirect strategies to control the start of the combustion. The exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is one of the most used methods. To obtain the internal EGR the valve train has to be modified to trap a part of the burned gases at the end of the exhaust stroke. The paper presents the results obtained simulating the processes from inside the engines using different valve timings to obtain different EGR rates.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Quinolone Antibiotics Utilizing Azetidine Derivatives Obtained from 1‐Azabicyclo[1.1.0]butane. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Structure Activity Relationship of Dynorphin A(2-13) Analogs at the Bradykinin-2 Receptor (2013)

We extend to you a warm and sunny Aloha in celebration of the 23 rd American Peptide Symposium and the 6 th International Symposium. The meeting theme, Peptides Across the Pacific, embraced the spirit of the scientific and social program. Peptides Across the Pacific encompassed the important role that peptide science currently plays in so many disciplines and explored the potential impact peptides can make in scientific fields that have yet to realize the utility of these wonderful molecules.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiazole: A Promising Heterocycle for the Development of Potent CNS Active Agents (2015)

Abstract Review: 175 refs.
Prostaglandin E2 evokes intracellular calcium rise in mouse osteoblastic cell line, MC3T3E-1. (1990)

The effect of prostaglandin (PG) E2 on the intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in mouse osteoblastic clone, MC3T3E-1 cells, was investigated with the fluorescent probe fura-2. In the growing phase of MC3T3E-1, PGE2 evoked a transient rise of [Ca2+]i in a dose-dependent manner in the range from 0.28 microM to 5.6 microM of PGE2. The elevation of [Ca2+]i induced by PGE2 was not affected by the presence of EGTA. Moreover, PGE2 (5.6 microM) evoked an acute accumulation of intracellular inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3). The absolute content of InsP3 increased from 5.8 pmole/10(6) cells to 19.2 pmole/10(6) cells within 30 sec after the PGE2 treatment. The degree of [Ca2+]i elevation induced by PGE2 was dependent on the day after subculturing. At day 3, the response to PGE2 was the most pronounced during the 8-day experimental periods. These data suggest that PGE2 evoked a [Ca2+]i rise via a phospholipase C-InsP3 pathway in osteoblasts, particularly in the growing phase.
STUDIES ON THE ANTIBODIES IN RABBIT ANTISERA RESPONSIBLE FOR SENSITIZATION OF HUMAN SKIN (1953)

The capacity of rabbit anti-egg albumin sera to sensitize human skin has been studied. It has been shown that passive transfer by these sera is completely unrelated to the egg albumin-anti-egg albumin system, as demonstrated by a failure of passive transfer by some antisera containing ample anti-egg albumin and persistence of passive transfer in other antisera from which all anti-egg albumin had been removed by precipitation with homologous antigen. Three preparations of non-precipitating anti-egg albumin have been shown to have sensitizing capacities which bear no relation to their non-precipitating anti-egg albumin contents. From a portion of one of these the non-precipitating anti-egg albumin was removed without impairing its sensitizing ability, while in another portion obliteration of the sensitizing capacity was accomplished without reducing the anti-egg albumin. Evidence is presented to show that there are at least two possible antibodies in anti-egg albumin sera which are capable of inducing skin sensitivity and that they are antibodies against egg white impurities in crystalline egg albumin other than anti-conalbumin, anti-ovomucoid, and anti-lysozyme. The usefulness of a suitable quantitative precipitin technic for the analysis for antibodies against antigen impurities and for their selective absorption from sera is illustrated. The principle governing the procedure is described. The technic allows for the determination of a given trace antibody by working with such small concentrations of its purified specific antigen that whatever other antigen-antibody compounds are formed simultaneously with that to be determined will be below their solubility levels and consequently will not contribute appreciably to the precipitate.
Regulation of ATP-dependent surfactant secretion and activation of second-messenger systems in alveolar type II cells (1991)

Several different classes of agonists are known to stimulate exocytosis in type II cells. These agonists cause increases in second messengers, such as adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) or cytosolic Ca2+, and/or stimulate protein kinase C. We studied generation of cAMP and phosphoinositide (PI) turnover in monolayer cultures of type II cells and measured [Ca2+]i in single cultured cells. ATP [10(-4) M], which stimulates secretion of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and increases cellular cAMP, also stimulated PI turnover and increased [Ca2+]i. 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), which stimulates PC secretion and activates protein kinase C, did not increase [Ca2+]i. Pretreatment of type II cells with the calmodulin antagonist N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7) inhibited the PC secretion induced by ATP and TPA and blocked the increase in PI turnover caused by ATP. ATP-dependent surfactant secretion and stimulation of PI turnover could also be inhibited by pretreatment of the cells with pertussis toxin. We used the fluorescent probe indo-1 to measure [Ca2+]i in single cultured type II cells. ATP produced rapid transient increases in [Ca2+]i, which could be prevented by pretreatment of the cells with either TPA or W-7. Our data suggest that pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein(s) are involved in ATP-dependent activation of PI turnover and in secretion of surfactant in type II cells. Activation of protein kinase C blocks the ATP-stimulated increase in [Ca2+]i. Finally, calmodulin may be involved in the regulation of ATP-dependent increase in [Ca2+]i, the activation of PI turnover, and the secretion of surfactant in type II cells.
Identification of Patients at Risk for Periprocedural Neurological Deficits Associated With Carotid Angioplasty and Stenting (2000)

A combination of clinical and angiographic variables can be used to identify patients at risk for periprocedural neurological deficits after CAS. Such identification may help in selection of patients who may benefit from novel pharmacological and mechanical preventive approaches.
Recovery of oil‐pollutant from shipwrecks: DIFIS project (2012)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe a method for the prompt intervention and remediation of tanker wrecks, for recovering the fuel trapped in their tanks. Design/methodology/approach The environmental conditions, the functional specifications, the conceptual and preliminary design, the computational methods (fluid/structure interaction, computational fluid dynamics analysis and finite element analysis), the hydrodynamic scale model tests and the dynamic response analysis are included in this research paper. Findings The paper provides analytical and numerical tools for the response of subsea structures. These tools were calibrated by hydrodynamic scale model tests and extrapolated for different depths (shallow, deep water and ultra deep water). Research limitations/implications The method is applicable as long as the trapped pollutant does not dissolve and is of lower density than the sea water. Originality/value This paper presents a new structure for the oil recovery from shipwrecks, which is simple and quickly deployed.
An empirical study on SAJQ (Sorting Algorithm for Join Queries) (2010)

Most queries that applied on database management systems (DBMS) depend heavily on the performance of the used sorting algorithm. In addition to have an efficient sorting algorithm, as a primary feature, stability of such algorithms is a major feature that is needed in performing DBMS queries. In this paper, we study a new Sorting Algorithm for Join Queries (SAJQ) that has both advantages of being efficient and stable. The proposed algorithm takes the advantage of using the m-way-merge algorithm in enhancing its time complexity. SAJQ performs the sorting operation in a time complexity of O(n log m), where n is the length of the input array and m is number of sub-arrays used in sorting. An unsorted input array of length n is arranged into m sorted sub-arrays. The m-way-merge algorithm merges the sorted m sub-arrays into the final output sorted array. The proposed algorithm keeps the stability of the keys intact. An analytical proof has been conducted to prove that, in the worst case, the proposed algorithm has a complexity of O(n log m). Also, a set of experiments has been performed to investigate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The experimental results have shown that the proposed algorithm outperforms other Stable–Sorting algorithms that are designed for join-based queries.
They Can’t Fix What They Can’t Hear (2013)

The Grammar Case touches on aspects of instructional design that go beyond scope and sequence of content, including: 1) communicating with a client, 2) representing a learning problem from the perspectives of different learning theories and human performance improvement, 3) working with institutional stake holders, and 4) considering non-instructional as well as instructional interventions. The instructional designers in the case must address a sensitive learning problem with limited financial resources and an institutional culture that may be resistant to change. The case depends, more than anything, on problem finding. A key instructional technology issue in the case is how the designers can ethically and feasibly use video recorded in public school classrooms to assess student teachers’ grammar mistakes and also as stimulus material for instruction.
The reproducibility of A40/K40 age determinations (1957)

Techniques used in A 40 /K 40 age determinations are discussed. The reproducibility of the method as studied by replicate determinations on the same sample and on different samples from a rock unit is within five per cent of the age of the rock. A 40 /K 40 age determinations are given for a group of samples, and the results are compared with ages obtained in other laboratories using the same samples.
Multi-institutional noninvasive in vivo characterization of <i>IDH</i>, 1p/19q, and EGFRvIII in glioma using neuro-Cancer Imaging Phenomics Toolkit (neuro-CaPTk) (2020)

Using machine learning algorithms, high accuracy was achieved in the prediction of <i>IDH</i>, 1p/19q, and EGFRvIII mutation. Neuro-CaPTk encompasses all the pipelines required to replicate these analyses in multi-institutional settings and could also be used for other radio(geno)mic analyses.
Longitudinal study of skeletal muscle adaptations during immobilization and rehabilitation (1998)

This study describes the metabolic, morphologic, neurologic, and functional adaptations observed in the plantar flexors during 8 weeks of lower leg immobilization and 10 weeks of physical therapy following ankle surgery. A combination of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy, isokinetic and isometric muscle testing, and simple functional tests revealed many adaptive changes due to immobilization, including atrophy, loss of muscle strength, reduced central activation, increase in fatigue resistance, and an increase in inorganic phosphate content. After 10 weeks of physical therapy all alterations were reversed, with the exception of a remaining 5.5% deficit in total muscle cross-sectional area.
Metabolomic analysis of siderophore cheater mutants reveals metabolic costs of expression in uropathogenic Escherichia coli. (2014)

Bacterial siderophores are a group of chemically diverse, virulence-associated secondary metabolites whose expression exerts metabolic costs. A combined bacterial genetic and metabolomic approach revealed differential metabolomic impacts associated with biosynthesis of different siderophore structural families. Despite myriad genetic differences, the metabolome of a cheater mutant lacking a single set of siderophore biosynthetic genes more closely approximate that of a non-pathogenic K12 strain than its isogenic, uropathogen parent strain. Siderophore types associated with greater metabolomic perturbations are less common among human isolates, suggesting that metabolic costs influence success in a human population. Although different siderophores share a common iron acquisition function, our analysis shows how a metabolomic approach can distinguish their relative metabolic impacts in E. coli.
Musical descriptors : An assessment of psychoacoustical models in the presence of lossy compression (2007)

A simple system for recognizing music is presented, based on various musical descriptors, numbers that describe some aspect of the music. Various descriptors are discussed; in particular, a novel descriptor, the floor-1 cepstral coefficient (F1CC) measure, a refinement of MFCCs based on the Vorbis psychoacoustical model is presented and evaluated. Also, various forms of statistical dimensionality reduction, among them PCA and LDA, are considered in the present context. Finally, a few directions for future work are discussed.
The mode of cardiac action of cardiotonic steroids isolated from Toad Cake in perfused working guinea-pig heart and effect of cinobufagin on experimental heart failure. (1986)

センソより抽出したbufadienolides(bufalin, bufotalin, cinobufagin, cinobufotalin, gamabufotalin, resibufogenin)のモルモットworking heart preparationの心機能に対する作用をcardenolides(digitoxin, ouabain)と比較検討した．心拍出量と左心室内圧は全てのステロイドにより用量依存的に増加し，最少有効濃度はbufalin，cinobufagin，gamabufotalin，digitoxinが10-8Mでbufotalin，cinobufotalin，ouabainが10-7Mであった．更に，心仕事量増加作用の強さはcinobufagin=ouabain>gamabufotalin=digitoxin(1×10-7M)>cinobufotalin>bufotalin(1×10-7M)の順であったが，bufalinは10-7Mで，bufotalin，digitoxinは3×10-7Mで，cinobufagin，gamabufotalin，ouabainは10-6Mで持続性の不整脈を誘発した．又，冠動脈左前下行枝を結紮し作成した実験的虚血性心不全に対するcinobufaginの強心作用を検討した．cinobufagin(3×10-7M)とdigitoxin(10-7M)は冠血管流量をそれぞれ虚血前の値の90%，98%まで回復させたが，心拍数は増加させなかった．cinobufagin(3×10-7M)，digitoxin(10-7M)は心拍出量及び左心室内圧を増加させ，心仕事量をそれぞれ虚血前の値の108%，106%まで増加させた．これらの結果よりcinobufaginはdigitoxinと同様に実験的虚血性心不全に対しても強心作用を示すことが分った．
High-dose chemotherapy with hematopoietic stem cell support in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer: analysis of 67 patients treated in a single institution. (1999)

Toxicity of HDC with HSCS is acceptable for poor-prognosis patients. In the long term, this therapy is not beneficial for chemotherapy refractory patients, despite objective response rates better than the conventional treatment, confirming the dose-effect for alkylating agents in ovarian cancer. On the other hand, the results seem better than classical therapy in case of chemosensitive disease and should be confirmed prospectively in a larger cohort of patients.
Retinoic Acid Receptor α Suppresses Transformation by v-<i>myb</i> (1995)

Retinoic acid (RA) is capable of inducing the differentiation of various myelomonocytic cell lines. During this differentiation process, the levels of c-myb expression decline, suggesting that the RA receptor (RAR) may act in part by down-regulating this proto-oncogene. We have now investigated whether the RAR can also inhibit the function of Myb proteins themselves. We have found that transcriptional activation of a Myb-responsive reporter gene can be inhibited by RA in a human monocytic cell line. This inhibition could not be overcome by the expression of exogenous Myb. The RAR did not interfere with DNA binding by Myb proteins in vitro, suggesting that the functional inhibition occurs at the level of transcriptional activation. To determine the biological relevance of the inhibition of Myb proteins by the RAR, we have used v-myb-transformed monoblasts. These cells differentiate into macrophages in the presence of phorbol ester (tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate [TPA]) but are normally unresponsive to RA treatment. The introduction of an inducible, exogenous RAR alpha into v-myb-transformed monoblasts permitted an RA-dependent differentiation into macrophage-like cells similar to those induced by TPA. These results demonstrate that transformation by v-myb is recessive to RAR alpha and imply that many types of non-RA-responsive leukemia cells may become responsive following the introduction of the RAR.
The Intermetallic Compound ZnPd and Its Role in Methanol Steam Reforming (2013)

The rich literature about the intermetallic compound ZnPd as well as several ZnPd near-surface intermetallic phases is reviewed. ZnPd is frequently observed in different catalytic reactions triggering this review in order to collect the knowledge about the compound. The review addresses the chemical and physical properties of the compound and relates these comprehensively to the catalytic properties of ZnPd in methanol steam reforming—an interesting reaction to release hydrogen for a future hydrogen-based energy infrastructure from water/methanol mixtures. The broad scope of the review covers experimental work as well as quantum chemical calculations on a variety of Pd-Zn materials, aiming at covering all relevant literature to derive a sound state-of-the-art picture of the understanding gained so far.
[Clinical and radiological (PET, MRI) correlations depending on disease progression in patients with multiple sclerosis]. (2006)

The aim of the study was to investigate the structural-functional changes in the cerebral gray matter (cortical and subcortical areas) of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) depending on the disease severity. One hundred and seven patients (107) with definite diagnosis of MS (Mc Donald's criteria), aged 16-60 years, illness duration 1-30 years, and 21 healthy age-matched controls have been studied. Neurological assessment including Kurtzke and EDSS scales (range 0-8) was performed in all the patients. The patients and controls underwent MRI with a 1,5 imager and PET using 18F-flurodeoxyglucose (FDG). A type of the disease course was determined as remitting in 63 patients, primarily-progressive in 8, remitting progressive in 6 and secondary-progressive in 30. To analyze pathogenesis of the disease progression, the patients were divided into 3 clinical groups: (1) remitting (RRMS, n=63); (2) progressive (PRMS) with EDSS < or =6 (n=34); 3) PRMS with EDSS >6 (n=11). Along with the progression of MS from RRMS to PRMS and increasing of EDSS, the rCMRglu reduction of the cerebral gray matter developed from the supplementary motor cortex of a dominant hemisphere to the marked global reduction of cerebral metabolic rate in the PRMS group (EDSS >6). In the PRMS group with EDSS56, there was functional reorganization of cortical and subcortical areas compensatorily developing with the disease progression. In the PRMS group with EDSS >6, the data obtained did not support the evidence for the regional compensatory increase of rCMRglu in the same brain areas. Decompensation of the functional cortical reorganization in the PRMS group with EDSS >6 correlated with diffuse brain atrophy as well as with atrophy of the gray matter of the regional basal ganglia, first of all of the thalamus.
Hyaluronic Acid and Hyaluronidase in Prostate Cancer: Evaluation of Their Therapeutic and Prognostic Potential (2004)

Abstract : The limited knowledge about which clinically localized prostate cancer (CaP) would progress, and when it will recur severely impedes individualization of therapy and prediction of outcome. Several molecules that function in cancer growth and progression can serve as prognostic indicators. Treatment modalities that target the functions of these molecules could effectively control CaP progression. We have studied two such molecules, hyaluronic acid (HA) and HYALI type hyaluronidase (HAase). HA is a glycosaminoglycan and HAase is an enzyme that degrades HA into angiogenic fragments. Immunohistochemical analysis using archival radical prostatectomy CaP specimens, from patients on whom there is minimum 5-year follow-up, show that HYALI and combined HA-HYALI staining are independent predictors for biochemical recurrence. Patients with high HA-HYALI staining in their CaP tissues have an 18-fold increased risk of biochemical recurrence within 5-years, regardless of other clinical and pathologic parameters. Studies on functional analysis of HYALI using 3 HAase inhibitors show that inhibition of HAase activity also inhibits CaP cell proliferation. The degree of inhibition of cell proliferation is dependent on the degree of inhibition of HAase activity. Ongoing studies are examining the effect of HAase inhibition (i.e., using antisense cDNA transfection or HAase inhibitors) on CaP growth and progression in vivo.