gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Females Are Less Likely Invited Speakers to the International Stroke Conference (2020)

F emale physicians are becoming neurologists at an increas- ing rate. In fact, 44.7% of active neurology residents and fellows in accredited programs were female in 2017 compared with only 29.4% of practicing neurologists. Despite this trend, sex disparities are evident with increasing academic rank. For full-time faculty in neurology at all US medical schools, the proportions of female assistant professors, associate professors, and full professors were 47%, 38%, and 21%, respectively. This trend closely mirrors averaged numbers of all specialties when combined. 3 This disparity has been dubbed the leaky pipeline with decreasing percentages of females with increasing rank in academia. There is also a lower proportion of females in certain subspecialty fields. In 2017, only 31.3% of vascular neurology fellows were female. In 2015, only 6% of nursing school faculty were male, and only 8% of registered nurses were male. In 2013, physical therapy program directors were 41% male, whereas physical therapy students were only 34% male, suggesting an overrepresentation of males in physical therapy leadership. 9 Research accomplishments and national and international peer esteem support promotion in academia, therefore, opportunities to present at scientific conferences are important for career advancement. Several studies have published trends of sex differences among speakers at major scientific events and medical conferences across specialties. ] In just 2 years after publishing sex imbalance in its invited speakers, the American Society of Microbiology was able to achieve a nearly complete balance of featured presenters at its general meeting in 2015. ew studies have analyzed demographic variables of nonphysician speakers, such as physician assistants, registered nurses, and allied health professionals, at major scientific meetings. No published English language studies to date have analyzed these trends in speakers at major conferences in the field of neurology. Using data published by the American Heart Association, we sought to determine trends in the demographics of speakers by sex among those invited to speak at the International Stroke Conference (ISC) over a 5-year period (2014-2018). We hypothesize that significant sex differences exist for invited speakers at the ISC.
Reynolds and Strouhal numbers in woodwind musical instruments (1982)

It is convenient to use dimensional analysis in investigating nonlinear effects in woodwind instrument air columns. One dimensionless quantity characterizing the flow is the Reynolds number. There is both a time-varying particle velocity as well as a time-independent streaming velocity within the woodwind, and the Reynolds number R defined in terms of the streaming velocity may be written as R ≃ d2/δ2. The time-varying particle displacement is d and the viscous boundary layer thickness is δ. R ≪ 1 corresponds to the type of streaming first considered by Rayleigh, whereas the streaming at larger values of R is more complicated. The Strouhal number S associated with the oscillating flow and characteristic length L is S = L/d. The criterion that the nonlinear convective acceleration term (v∇v) in the Navier-Stokes equation be small relative to the linearized acceleration is that S ≫ 1. The particle displacement has been estimated at a fortissimo dynamic level on a flute, clarinet, and alto saxophone by means of pressure level measurements at the first open tone hole and the known radiation impedance of the hole. The streaming Reynolds number is approximately 0.2 for the flute and in the range 9–20 for the clarinet and sax for low register tones at the frequency of the repetition rate. Both R and d rapidly decrease for higher frequency components. The particle displacement ranges from 0.1 mm for the flute to 1 mm for the clarinet and saxophone. The Strouhal number of interest is defined for a characteristic length L on the order of the radius of curvature of the sharp corners within the woodwind bore; for definiteness, I take L = 0.5 mm. The resulting Strouhal number is of order 5 for the flute and 0.5 for the clarinet and saxophone. Since the Strouhal number is not large compared to unity, then the nonlinear effects are important near sharp corners within the bore and particularly so for the clarinet and sax.
Low-molecular-weight heparin versus compression stockings for thromboprophylaxis after knee arthroscopy: a randomized trial. (2008)

In patients undergoing knee arthroscopy, prophylactic LMWH for 1 week reduced a composite end point of asymptomatic proximal deep venous thrombosis, symptomatic venous thromboembolism, and all-cause mortality more than did graduated compression stockings.
Effect of Chlorite-Oxidized Oxyamylose on Influenza Virus Infection in Mice (1971)

Intraperitoneally administered chlorite-oxidized oxyamylose (COAM) provided protection of mice against intranasal infection with several influenza virus strains. Treated animals invariably showed a reduced consolidation of the lungs and, in the case of infection with lethal strains of virus, also a delay in mortality. With a small dose of influenza A/PR8 virus, an increase in final survival rate could be observed. The effect of COAM on influenza virus infection lasted for at least 4 to 8 days. Inhibition of lung consolidation was not paralleled by a decrease in virus multiplication in the lung. The significance of this finding in relation to the mechanism of the antiviral action of COAM is discussed.
Heart Failure Eqtls Companion To "Pathologic Gene Network Rewiring Implicates Ppp1R3A As A Central Cardioprotective Factor In Pressure Overload Heart Failure" (2018)

These are the results of a QTL analysis companion to "Pathologic gene network rewiring implicates PPP1R3A as a central cardioprotective factor in pressure overload heart failure". We performed RNA expression measurements and obtained genotype information in genome-wide markers for 313 patients (177 failing hearts , 136 donor, non-failing [control] hearts) using Affymetrix expression and Affymetrix Human 6.0 respectively.<strong> </strong>Prior to eQTL discovery, we used PEER to find hidden covariates that could confound signals in our data as well as filtering any genotypes with major allele frequencies less than 5%. To test associations between gene expression in each cohort separately, we used QTLTools with an additive model accounting for gender, age, sample site, and the PEER factors as covariates. We corrected for eQTL multiple association testing using a 10000 permutations per locus in a 2 megabase window and a false discovery rate cutoff of 5%. To select the number of PEER factors, we performed the full analysis multiple times from 1 to 15 PEER factors and observed a saturation of new QTLs being discovered when using 10 factors. Four files are provided, two for each cohort (cases and controls): - peer_[cases|controls]_all.txt: All associations detected. - peer_[cases|controls]_permutations_all.significant.txt: All significant associations detected after the QTLtools permutation test. The column names are those from QTLtools, in order: <br> 1. The phenotype ID<br> 2. The chromosome ID of the phenotype<br> 3. The start position of the phenotype<br> 4. The end position of the phenotype<br> 5. The strand orientation of the phenotype<br> 6. The total number of variants tested in cis<br> 7. The distance between the phenotype and the tested variant (accounting for strand orientation)<br> 8. The ID of the tested variant ( in Affy 6.0 SNP ids)<br> 9. The chromosome ID of the variant<br> 10. The start position of the variant<br> 11. The end position of the variant<br> 12. The nominal P-value of association between the variant and the phenotype<br> 13. The corresponding regression slope<br> 14. A binary flag equal to 1 is the variant is the top variant in cis
Genetic and Molecular Insights Into the Role of <i>PROX1</i> in Glucose Metabolism (2012)

Genome-wide association studies have shown that the rs340874 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in PROX1 is a genetic susceptibility factor for type 2 diabetes. We conducted genetic and molecular studies to better understand the role of PROX1 in type 2 diabetes. We assessed the impact of the whole common genetic variability of PROX1 (80 SNPs) on type 2 diabetes-related biochemical traits in the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) study (n = 1,155). Three SNPs (rs340838, rs340837, and rs340836) were significantly associated with fasting plasma insulin levels (P ≤ 0.00295). We evaluated the impact of nine PROX1 SNPs (the three insulin-associated SNPs plus six SNPs in strong linkage disequilibrium) on luciferase reporter gene expression. The insulin-lowering alleles of rs340874, rs340873, and rs340835 were associated with lower luciferase activity in MIN6 and HepG2 cells (except for rs340874, which was in HepG2 cells only). Electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that specific nuclear protein bindings occur at the three SNPs in HepG2 cells, with allele-binding differences for rs340874. We also showed that the knockdown of Prox1 expression by small interfering RNAs in INS-1E cells resulted in a 1.7-fold reduction in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. All together, we propose that reduced expression of PROX1 by cis-regulatory variants results in altered β-cell insulin secretion and thereby confers susceptibility to type 2 diabetes.
Aircraft Thermal Management (2011)

Abstract Aircraft thermal management is increasingly important to the safe and efficient design and operation of commercial and military aircraft due to the continually increasing heat loads from expanded avionic functionality, more electrical systems architectures, and the greater temperature sensitivity of composite material systems relative to traditional metallic designs. Military aircraft designers face the additional challenges of removing the waste heat from advanced weapon systems. This article provides an overview of the multiple thermal design issues faced in maintaining an acceptable temperature environment for the flight crew, passengers, cargo, and airplane structure and systems on a modern commercial aircraft.
A Comparative study of the input parameter de-embedding techniques for integral equation methods (2000)

Keywords: LTS5 Reference EPFL-CONF-86761 Record created on 2006-06-14, modified on 2017-05-10
28 Intraoperative Administration of Antifibrinolytic Drug Tranexamic Acid Is Not Associated with Decreased Intraoperative Blood Loss During Major Cardiac Surgery (2018)

Antifibrinolytic drugs such as tranexamic acid are used to prevent blood loss in many clinical situations, including trauma patients and during cardiac surgery. The goal of this study is to examine the effectiveness of tranexamic acid in preventing intraoperative blood loss during major cardiac surgery. Out of an initial 81 patients undergoing major cardiac surgery (both coronary artery bypass and valve repair procedures) at our teaching hospital, 67 patients were selected for this study. Patients receiving significant intraoperative transfusion and or K-centra were excluded. In the first study, we selected patients who received no blood product and compared estimated blood loss, decrease in percent hemoglobin and hematocrit following surgery between two groups of patients, one group receiving no tranexamic acid (n = 17) and another group receiving tranexamic acid (n = 25). In the second study, we combined these patients with patients receiving modest amounts of blood products (1–2 units) and compared these parameters between two groups of patients (25 patients received no tranexamic acid, 42 patients received tranexamic acid). Statistical analyses were performed using independent t-test, two-tailed, and a difference was considered statistically significant at 95% confidence interval or higher (P ≤ .05). In patients who received no blood products during surgery, those who received no tranexamic acid showed statistically significant reduced estimated blood loss (mean: 713.5 mL, SD: 351.6, n = 17) compared to those who received tranexamic acid (mean 987.2 mL, SD 459.9, n = 25). However, no statistically significant difference was observed in percent reduced hemoglobin concentration or percent reduced hematocrit associated with surgery between these two groups of patients. We observed similar results when patients receiving no blood products and patients receiving modest amount of blood products were combined based on use of tranexamic acid or not, as only estimated blood loss between these two groups was statistically significant (estimated blood loss in patients not receiving tranexamic acid: mean 814.0 mL, SD 501.6, n = 25; and estimated blood loss in patients receiving tranexamic acid: mean 1,207.1 mL, SD 488.6, n = 42). We conclude that intraoperative antifibrinolytic therapy with tranexamic acid does not reduce intraoperative blood loss during major cardiac surgery, which contradicts popular belief.
Parametric mechanism of subharmonic generation by the microbubble contrast agents (2003)

Contrast agents, consisting of gas-filled microbubbles, are widely used in biomedical ultrasound for enhancing the capabilities of ultrasound imaging. The behavior of contrast agents has been shown to lead to the generation of harmonic and subharmonic components in the backscattered signal. The mechanism of subharmonic generation is not quite understood. It is known that the oscillation of gas-filled bubbles is described by nonlinear equations. In this work, the parametric approach to solving this problem is introduced, where the nonlinear equation is substituted by the linear equation with time-varying parameters, such as flexibility of the bubble. The equation describing the oscillation of the bubble is reduced to the Mathieu equation, and conditions for unstable solutions are presented. It has been demonstrated that the regions of instability occur in the vicinity of the frequencies w=1/2 wo, w=3/2 wo, etc., which correspond to generation of the first and higher subharmonics. Criteria for determining the relationship between the acoustic pressure, required for subharmonic generation, and the radius of the air-filled bubble are also determined.
<i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies of the anticancer action of terbinafine in human cancer cell lines: G0/G1 <i>p53</i>‐associated cell cycle arrest (2003)

Terbinafine (TB) (Lamisil), a promising oral antifungal agent used worldwide, has been used in the treatment of superficial mycosis. In our study, we demonstrated that TB dose-dependently decreased cell number in various cultured human malignant cells. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that TB interrupts the cell cycle at the G0/G1 transition. The TB-induced cell cycle arrest in colon cancer cell line (COLO 205) occurred when the cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) system was inhibited just as the levels of p53, p21/Cip1 and p27/Kip1 proteins were augmented. In the TB-treated COLO 205, the binding between p53 protein and p53 consensus binding site in p21/Cip1 promoter DNA probe was increased. Pretreatment of COLO 205 with p53-specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotide decreased the TB-induced elevations of p53 and p21/Cip1 proteins, which in turn led to arrest in the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase. Moreover, in the p53 null cells, HL60, TB treatment did not induce cell cycle arrest. Taken together, these results suggest an involvement of the p53-associated signaling pathway in the TB-induced antiproliferation in COLO 205. We further examined whether administration of TB could affect the growth of tumors derived from human colon cancer cells in an in vivo setting. COLO 205 cells implanted subcutaneously in nude mice formed solid tumor; subsequent intraperitoneal injections of TB (50 mg/kg) led to obvious decline in tumor size, up to 50-60%. In these tumors, increases in the p21/Cip1, p27/Kip1 and p53 proteins and the occurrence of apoptosis were observed. Combined treatment with TB and nocodazole (ND), a clinically used anticancer agent, potentiated the apoptotic effect in COLO 205. These findings demonstrate for the first time that TB can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo.
The Relative Transparency of Minerals to Microwave Radiation (1984)

AbstractAbstractMicrowave radiation has potential applications in the metallurgical industry although little has been published on the reaction of microwaves with minerals. In this paper, 40 minerals have been exposed individually to microwave radiation in air to ascertain their general behaviour. Most silicates, carbonates and sulfates, some oxides and some sulfides are transparent to microwave energy but other oxides are readily heated. Both natural and synthetic jarosite-type compounds are unaffected by microwave irradiation. Most sulfides, arsenides, sulfosalts and sulfarsenides are readily heated and consequently, fuse or dissociate prior to eventual oxidation. Microwave effects are compositionally dependent, and elemental substitutions affect the mineral behaviour. Résumé Les radiations d'onde ultra-courte ont un potential d'application dans l'industrie métallurgique bien que peu ont été publié sur la réaction d'onde ultra-courte sur les minéraux. Dans ce rapport, 40 minéraux ont été exposés individuellement aux radiations d'onde ultra-courte dans l'air pour constater leurs comportements généraux. La majorité des silicates, carbonates et sulfates, quelques oxydes ainsi que quelques sulfures sont aisément chauffés. A la fois le jarosite naturel et le synthétique sont insensibles aux irradiations d'onde ultra-courtes. La majorité des sulfures, arséniures, et les sulfosels et sulfarséniures sont aisément chauffés et par conséquent fondent ou se dissocient antérieurement à d'eventuel oxidation. Les effets d'onde ultra-courte sont dépendants de la composition et les éléments de substitutions affectent le comportement des minerais.
Isolation of an iron-nitrene complex from the dioxygen- and iron porphyrin-dependent oxidation of a hydrazine (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation of an iron-nitrene complex from the dioxygen- and iron porphyrin-dependent oxidation of a hydrazineD. Mansuy, P. Battioni, and J. P. MahyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 16, 4487–4489Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00380a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00380a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views586Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cytogenetic and early-response characteristics of adolescents and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): A Children's Oncology Group (COG) study. (2010)

9509 Background: Outcomes foradolescents and young adults (AYA) with ALL are inferior to those for younger children, raising the question of whether there are differences in the underlying biology of the disease or host. Methods: Blast cytogenetic features, clinical and early disease response characteristics for two cohorts of patients (ages 1-15 vs. 16-30 years) enrolled on the current COG AALL0232 therapeutic trial for NCI high risk B-precursor ALL were compared. All patients were required to have blast cytogenetic studies for prognostically significant chromosome translocations and ploidy as well as measurements of marrow minimal residual disease (MRD) by flow cytometry at end-induction in COG Reference Laboratories. The AALL0232 trial includes a standard 4-drug induction with a randomization to dexamethasone (10 mg/m2/day) for 14 days or prednisone (60 mg/m2/day) for 28 days. These analyses are confined to patients randomized to receive prednisone during induction therapy, as the results for the steroid randomization remain blinded. Results: 1379 eligible/evaluable patients were analyzed; 1113 patients ages 1-15 and 266 patients ages 16-30 years (AYA). AYA ALL was characterized by a male predominance (69% vs. 54%, p<0.0001) and a lower initial median white blood cell count (9 vs. 33 × 109/L, p<0.0001). Fewer AYA patients had the ETV6-RUNX1 fusion (3.7% vs. 14.4%, p<0.0001); however, simultaneous trisomies of chromosomes 4, 10, 17 were more common in AYA ALL (16.0% vs. 10.2%, p=0.02). There were no significant differences in the presence of very high risk features including the BCR-ABL1 fusion, MLL translocations, or hypodiploidy among the two age cohorts. End-induction MRD was negative (<0.01%) in 59% of AYA patients compared to 74% of younger patients (p<0.0001) and only 67% of AYA vs. 80% of younger patients (p=0.0015) achieved an M1 marrow (< 5% blasts) on day 15 of induction. Conclusions: AYA patients with ALL have similar very high risk cytogenetic profiles when compared to younger patients, but display slower initial responses to induction therapy, suggesting that additional biologic features in AYA ALL have yet to be discovered. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Thymic expression of peripheral tissue antigens in humans: a remarkable variability among individuals (2005)

The majority of maturing T lymphocytes that recognize self-antigens is eliminated in the thymus upon exposure to their target antigens. This physiological process of negative selection requires that tissue-specific antigens be expressed by thymic cells, a phenomenon that has been well studied in experimental animals. Here, we have examined the expression in human thymi of four retinal antigens, that are capable of inducing autoimmune ocular disease retinal S-antigen (S-Ag), recoverin, RPE65 and inter-photoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP)], as well as four melanocyte-specific antigens, two of which are used as targets for melanoma immunotherapy [gp100, melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1 and TRP-2]. Using reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, we found that all thymic samples from the 18 donors expressed mRNA transcripts of most or all the eight tested tissue antigens. Yet, the expression of the transcripts varied remarkably among the individual thymic samples. In addition, S-Ag, RPE65 and IRBP were detected by immunostaining in rare cells in sections of human thymi by antibodies against these proteins. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that the retinal antigen transcripts in the human thymus are present at trace levels, that are lower by approximately five orders of magnitude than those in the retina. Our observations thus support the notions that thymic expression is a common feature for all tissue-specific antigens and that the levels of expression play a role in determining the susceptibility to autoimmunity against these molecules.