gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Unusual Neonatal Presentation of Anomalous Origin of the Left Coronary Artery Arising from the Pulmonary Artery (2007)

We describe a previously unreported neonatal presentation of an anomalous origin of the left coronary artery arising from the pulmonary artery. This is a full-term female infant after normal pregnancy and delivery. The baby was diagnosed at 2 days of age due to weak femoral pulses noted on the routine nursery discharge examination. The cardiac examination revealed weak pulses everywhere and mild tachypnea and tachycardia. An electrocardiogram showed clear signs of ischemia. Echocardiography demonstrated an anomalous origin of the left coronary artery arising from the pulmonary artery with bidirectional blood flow. There was a severely depressed left ventricular function and mild mitral valve regurgitation. At 4 days of age, the infant underwent complete successful surgical repair with reimplantation of the anomalous coronary artery to the aorta. She recovered slowly but well. Fifteen months later she is doing well with no cardiac residua. A neonatal presentation is very unusual due to protective high pulmonary resistance after birth, with gradual decline in pressure and gradual onset of heart failure. This case may be related to an unusually rapid drop in pulmonary vascular resistance causing very early cardiac ischemia.
Association Behavior of PDMA-<i>g</i>-PMMA in Mixed Solvents and Its Application as a DNA Separation Medium (2005)

PDMA-g-PMMA (poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide)-graft-poly(methyl methacrylate)) graft copolymers were synthesized by radical copolymerization of DMA (N,N-dimethylacrylamide) and vinyl-PMMA macromonomers with AIBN (2,2‘-azobis(isobutyronitrile)) as an initiator. The association behavior of high molecular weight graft copolymers of PDMA-g-PMMA with low graft density in methanol−TBE (tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane−boric acid−EDTA) buffer solvent mixtures has been investigated by laser light scattering. With changing solvent quality, the PMMA side chains could be associated. The association points acted as cross-linking points which effectively increased the molecular weight of the associated graft copolymers and also prevented the entangled backbone chains from sliding away against one another. This association behavior could be used to improve the quasi-network formation of such copolymers as better separation media in DNA capillary electrophoresis. pBR322/Hae III digest was successfully separated within 10 min in a 10 cm long capillary with one base pair (bp) resolution (123/124 bp). The methanol component in the solvent mixture affected not only the polymer conformation in solution but also the DNA conformation. The average hydrodynamic radius of DNA decreased from 76.2 nm in 1×TBE buffer to 43.7 nm in 30% methanol + 70% 1×TBE (volume fraction) mixed solvent, resulting in a corresponding change in electrophoretic mobility.
Versuchseinrichtungen und Prüfbedingung (1979)

Hierfür wurde in den Lastbereichen bis 5 und 50 kN eine Zugprüfmaschine (Typ Testatron der Firma Wolpert) mit Spindelantrieb verwendet. Um eine zentrische Krafteinleitung in die Proben sicherzustellen, waren beide Einspannvorrichtungen kardanisch ausgeführt. Für die Kraftmessung verstärkte ein Trägerfrequenzmeßverstärker (Typ KWS 3072 der Firma HBM) das Meßsignal der eingebauten Kraftmeßdose. Die Dehnung wurde mit einer elektrischen Meßkette (beidseitiger Anklemmdehnungsaufnehmer, Typ DD 1; Trägerfrequenzmeßverstärker, Typ KWS 3072 der der Firma HBM) aufgenommen. Beide Meßgrößen zeichnete ein x,61,y2,t-Schreiber (Typ PM 8132 der Firma Philips) auf.
New Benzyl(β‐oxido)phosphorus and ‐arsenic Ylides: Reactivity and Stereoselectivity in the Wittig Reaction (1990)

Writing reactions with semistabilized ylides are generally stereo-unselective. Carefully taking into account previous data, the benzyl-ylides 1a and 1b were prepared and allowed to react with aldehydes. Upon reaction with piperonal and hexanal the arsenic ylide 1b afforded in each case 100% of the (E)-olefin (GC analysis).
Atomic Layer Deposition of HfO2 on (100) and (110) Oriented Silicon Surfaces (2007)

FinFET devices require excellent coverage of the high-k dielectric as is provided by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD). Because the HfO2 deposition using HfCl4/H2O is controlled by the OH surface density, we studied the impact of crystallographic orientation of the silicon substrate on both its oxidation and HfO2 nucleation. Whereas the (110) orientated substrate oxidizes faster than the (100) silicon, both substrate orientations display the same correlation between the initial HfO2 growth and the thickness of the SiO2 layer. This correlation is characterized by a linear increase, followed by saturation of the HfO2 deposition once the SiO2 thickness reaches approximately 0.4 nm.
Surgical Management of Auricular Infantile Hemangiomas (2012)

Most infantile hemangiomas do not require treatment. Surgical excision of auricular infantile hemangiomas at any phase is effective in preventing fibrofatty scarring, reducing cartilage deformities, and treating complicated cases or patients who have failed medical management. Surgical excision with Z-plasty reconstruction is a viable option that should be considered to limit postoperative deformities.
Bis(1,10-phenanthrolin-1-ium) hexabromidoplatinate(IV) dihydrate (2010)

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, (C(12)H(9)N(2))(2)[PtBr(6)]·2H(2)O, contains a protonated 1,10-phenanthroline cation (H-phen), one half of a [PtBr(6)](2-) anionic complex and a solvent water mol-ecule. The Pt(IV) ion is located on an inversion centre and is coordinated in an octa-hedral environment by six Br atoms. The crystal structure displays numerous inter-molecular π-π inter-actions between six-membered rings of H-phen, with a shortest centroid-centroid distance of 3.670 (5) Å, and inter-molecular N-H⋯O, O-H⋯Br and O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds.
Neuropeptide Y Y<sub>2</sub> receptor‐mediated attenuation of neurogenic plasma extravasation acting through pertussis toxin‐sensitive mechanisms (1996)

1. The effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptor agonists (administered intravenously) were examined on plasma protein ([125I]-bovine serum albumin) leakage within dura mater evoked by unilateral trigeminal ganglion stimulation (0.6 mA, 5 ms, 5 Hz, 5 min), capsaicin (1 mumol kg-1, i.v.) or substance P (1 nmol kg-1, i.v.) in anaesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. 2. NPY (EC50: 5.6 nmol kg-1) and NPY fragment 13-36 [NPY (13-36)] (ED50: 4.3 nmol kg-1), an NPY Y2 receptor agonist, dose-dependently attenuated [125I]-bovine serum albumin extravasation from meningeal vessels when administered 10 min prior to electrical stimulation. [Leu31, Pro34]-NPY, an NPY Y1 and Y3 receptor agonist, inhibited the response at a higher dose only (23 nmol kg-1) (P < 0.05). 3. NPY also significantly decreased plasma protein extravasation induced by capsaicin (1 mumol kg-1) but not by substance P (1 nmol kg-1). 4. Pertussis toxin (20 micrograms kg-1, administered intracisternally 48 h prior to stimulation) blocked completely the inhibitory effect of NPY and NPY (13-36) but did not inhibit extravasation alone. 5. We conclude that NPY inhibits neurogenically-mediated plasma protein extravasation acting through presynaptic pertussis toxin-sensitive NPY Y2 receptors, possibly by inhibition of neuropeptide release from perivascular trigeminovascular afferents.
Fabrication and Characterization of Silicon Micro-Funnels and Tapered Micro-Channels for Stochastic Sensing Applications (2008)

We present a simplified, highly reproducible process to fabricate arrays of tapered silicon micro-funnels and micro-channels using a single lithographic step with a silicon oxide (SiO2) hard mask on at a wafer scale. Two approaches were used for the fabrication. The first one involves a single wet anisotropic etch step in concentrated potassium hydroxide (KOH) and the second one is a combined approach comprising Deep Reactive Ion Etch (DRIE) followed by wet anisotropic etching. The etching is performed through a 500 mm thick silicon wafer, and the resulting structures are characterized by sharp tapered ends with a sub-micron cross-sectional area at the tip. We discuss the influence of various parameters involved in the fabrication such as the size and thickness variability of the substrate, dry and wet anisotropic etching conditions, the etchant composition, temperature, diffusion and micro-masking effects, the quality of the hard mask in the uniformity and reproducibility of the structures, and the importance of a complete removal of debris and precipitates. The presence of apertures at the tip of the structures is corroborated through current voltage measurements and by the translocation of DNA through the apertures. The relevance of the results obtained in this report is discussed in terms of the potential use of these structures for stochastic sensing.
Dynamic reconfiguration of human brain functional networks through neurofeedback (2013)

Recent fMRI studies demonstrated that functional connectivity is altered following cognitive tasks (e.g., learning) or due to various neurological disorders. We tested whether real-time fMRI-based neurofeedback can be a tool to voluntarily reconfigure brain network interactions. To disentangle learning-related from regulation-related effects, we first trained participants to voluntarily regulate activity in the auditory cortex (training phase) and subsequently asked participants to exert learned voluntary self-regulation in the absence of feedback (transfer phase without learning). Using independent component analysis (ICA), we found network reconfigurations (increases in functional network connectivity) during the neurofeedback training phase between the auditory target region and (1) the auditory pathway; (2) visual regions related to visual feedback processing; (3) insula related to introspection and self-regulation and (4) working memory and high-level visual attention areas related to cognitive effort. Interestingly, the auditory target region was identified as the hub of the reconfigured functional networks without a-priori assumptions. During the transfer phase, we again found specific functional connectivity reconfiguration between auditory and attention network confirming the specific effect of self-regulation on functional connectivity. Functional connectivity to working memory related networks was no longer altered consistent with the absent demand on working memory. We demonstrate that neurofeedback learning is mediated by widespread changes in functional connectivity. In contrast, applying learned self-regulation involves more limited and specific network changes in an auditory setup intended as a model for tinnitus. Hence, neurofeedback training might be used to promote recovery from neurological disorders that are linked to abnormal patterns of brain connectivity.
Chapter 11: Getting a GRIP on pharmacy services (2015)

This chapter encourages the use of evidence across the whole of hospital pharmacy practice. It introduces the concept of knowledge brokering and argues that all activities including pharmacy management should be evidence based.

The acronym GRIP was coined some 20 years ago in order to ‘Get Research into Practice’. In the previous chapters of Evidence-based Pharmacy we have discussed a variety of issues which inevitably have a leaning towards clinical activities. We see these principles being applicable across the whole range of activities from where pharmacists may be entirely department based at one end of the spectrum to the role of consultant pharmacists who are working almost entirely away from the pharmacy department.

We believe that evidence is important in all aspects of providing a pharmacy service and have stated that we are attempting to change attitudes so that practitioners attitudinally and intentionally set out to use evidence in their practice. So, can evidence be applied to all aspects of hospital pharmacy? We believe it can whether this is involved with procurement, provision of information or any other aspect of the complexity of hospital pharmacy management.

For many of us, decisions are made based on opinion. Pharmacy managers run departments based on what in their view works or what was done by their predecessor. One of us (PW) remembers moving into a new job quite a few years ago. It was quickly apparent that the programming of the day’s work meant that staff were not covering their clinical pharmacy activities until late in the day such that most staff were working well beyond the closing time. When asked why this was so, the response was ‘we have always done it this way’. In addition, good working practice was hampered by the physical layout of the department. In this and similar cases, …
Endothelial cells isolated from caveolin-2 knockout mice display higher proliferation rate and cell cycle progression relative to their wild-type counterparts (2009)

The goal of this study was to determine whether caveolin-2 (Cav-2) is capable of controlling endothelial cell (EC) proliferation in vitro. To realize this goal, we have directly compared proliferation rates and cell cycle-associated signaling proteins between lung ECs isolated from wild-type (WT) and Cav-2 knockout (KO) mice. Using three independent proliferation assays, we have determined that Cav-2 KO ECs proliferate by ca. 2-fold faster than their WT counterparts. Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry of propidium iodide-stained cells showed a relatively higher percentage of Cav-2 KO ECs in S and G(2)/M and lower percentage in G(o)/G(1) phases of cell cycle relative to their WT counterparts. Furthermore, an over 2-fold increase in the percentage of S phase-associated Cav-2 KO relative to WT ECs was independently determined with bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assay. Mechanistically, the increase in proliferation/cell cycle progression of Cav-2 KO ECs correlated well with elevated expression levels of predominantly S phase- and G(2)/M phase-associated cyclin A and B1, respectively. Further mechanistic analysis of molecular events controlling cell cycle progression revealed increased level of hyperphosphorylated (inactive) form of G(1) to S phase transition inhibitor, the retinoblastoma protein in hyperproliferating Cav-2 KO ECs. Conversely, the expression level of the two cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p16(INK4) and p27(Kip1) was reduced in Cav-2 KO ECs. Finally, increased phosphorylation (activation) of proproliferative extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 was observed in hyperproliferating Cav-2 KO ECs. Overall, our data suggest that Cav-2 negatively regulates lung EC proliferation and cell cycle progression.
Perfluorooctyl bromide emulsion contrast agent for tumors. (1985)

ペルフルオロオクチルブロミド(PFOB)は臭素原子を1個もつペルフルオロ化合物であり,X線遮蔽能をもつことから,造影剤としての応用が期待されている。Longらは,PFOB乳剤を担がん動物に投与し,腫瘍部位の造影に成功したと報告した。今回,著者らはAH130細胞とVX2 carcinomaの2種類の実験がんを用い,腫瘍造影剤としてのPFOB乳剤の可能性について検討した。AH130細胞を大腿部筋肉内に移植したラットにPFOB乳剤を投与し,投与後24時間目にX線撮影したところ,腫瘍の明瞭な造影籐が観察された。また,VX2 carcinomaを肝に移植した家兎に25w/v%PFOB乳剤を10ml/kg投与し,CT scanを行なった。肝正常組織にくらべ,腫瘍周辺部が高いdensityとして造影された。PFOB含量を測定した結果,周辺部に高濃度のPFOBが検出された。電子顕微鏡による組織学的検討からも,腫瘍周辺部に多数のマクロファージが存在し,そのマクロファージの中にPFOB粒子と思われる穎粒が多数散見され,特徴的な腫瘍のCT像がPFOB粒子の集積によることが明らかにされた。腫瘍造影剤としてのPFOBの有用性が確められた。
Evaluation of a rapid headspace analysis method for analysis of volatile constituents in soils and sediments (1991)

Contamination of the subsurface by volatile organic solvents is a common and significant environmental problem. A critical component of developing an accurate assessment of a site contaminated by these solvents is the acquisition of closely spaced, high quality contaminant concentration data. Many volatile organics are relatively mobile in the subsurface, requiring characterization of both horizontal and vertical contaminant migration. The volatile nature of these analyses, combined with the cost and effort typically required to perform quantitative analysis, has often compromised the number of quality of analyses used in characterization studies. A headspace analysis method was developed by Savannah River Laboratory to facilitate accurate and rapid delineation of the vertical and horizontal extent of volatile organic contamination in the subsurface. The method was designed to reduce sample handling, laboratory preparation, and analytical complexity. Detection and delineation of volatile organic solvent contamination at a hazardous waste site can be a complex problem. The number of quality of analyses used in characterization studies has often been compromised by the difficulties and costs associated with quantitative analysis of these volatile analytes. A headspace analysis method was developed by the Westinghouse Savannah River Laboratory to facilitate the accurate and rapid delineation of the vertical and horizontal extent of volatile organic contamination in the subsurface, and to reduce the sample handling, laboratory preparation, and analytical complexity generally associated with the use of several United States Environmental Protection Agency Analysis Methods.
THE BIMODAL GALAXY STELLAR MASS FUNCTION IN THE COSMOS SURVEY TO<i>z</i>∼ 1: A STEEP FAINT END AND A NEW GALAXY DICHOTOMY (2009)

We present a new analysis of stellar mass functions in the COSMOS field to fainter limits than has been previously probed at z ≤ 1. The increase in dynamic range reveals features in the shape of the stellar mass function that deviate from a single Schechter function. Neither the total nor the red (passive) or blue (star-forming) galaxy stellar mass functions can be well fitted with a single Schechter function once the mass completeness limit of the sample probes below ~3 × 10^9 M_⊙. We observe a dip or plateau at masses ~10^(10) M_⊙, just below the traditional M^*, and an upturn toward a steep faint-end slope of α ~ –1.7 at lower mass at all redshifts ≤ 1. This bimodal nature of the mass function is not solely a result of the blue/red dichotomy. Indeed, the blue mass function is by itself bimodal at z ~ 1. This suggests a new dichotomy in galaxy formation that predates the appearance of the red sequence. We propose two interpretations for this bimodal distribution. If the gas fraction increases toward lower mass, galaxies with M_ (baryon) ~ 10^(10) M_⊙ would shift to lower stellar masses, creating the observed dip. This would indicate a change in star formation efficiency, perhaps linked to supernovae feedback becoming much more efficient below ~10^(10) M_⊙. Therefore, we investigate whether the dip is present in the baryonic (stars+gas) mass function. Alternatively, the dip could be created by an enhancement of the galaxy assembly rate at ~10^(11) M_⊙, a phenomenon that naturally arises if the baryon fraction peaks at M_(halo) ~ 10^(12) M_⊙. In this scenario, galaxies occupying the bump around M_* would be identified with central galaxies and the second fainter component of the mass function having a steep faint-end slope with satellite galaxies. The low-mass end of the blue and total mass functions exhibit a steeper slope than has been detected in previous work that may increasingly approach the halo mass function value of –2. While the dip feature is apparent in the total mass function at all redshifts, it appears to shift from the blue to the red population, likely as a result of transforming high-mass blue galaxies into red ones. At the same time, we detect a drastic upturn in the number of low-mass red galaxies. Their increase with time seems to reflect a decrease in the number of blue systems and so we tentatively associate them with satellite dwarf (spheroidal) galaxies that have undergone quenching due to environmental processes.\n
Absolute temperature imaging using intermolecular multiple quantum MRI (2010)

The data presented in the papers reviewed highlights the promise of iMQC-based temperature imaging in fatty tissues such as the breast. The change in susceptibility of fat with temperature makes standard proton frequency shift methods (even with fat suppression) challenging and iMQC-based imaging offers an alternative approach.
Direct fluorination of the polyimide Matrimid® 5218: The formation kinetics and physicochemical properties of the fluorinated layers (2004)

The corresponding author's email address was printed incorrectly at the bottom of p. 6 when this article was published. Dr. A. P. Kharitonov's correct email address is: khariton@binep.ac.ru We regret the error.
Localization of Collagenase in Chronically Inflamed Guinea Pig Temporal Bone (1978)

Bone destruction, commonly associated with chronic otitis media, requires collagen degradation. Collagenase, a neutral protease, appears to be an essential component in the process of collagen breakdown. Collagenase was identified within chronically inflamed and normal guinea pig temporal bones using an immunohistochemical technique with fluorescein isothyocyanate and peroxidase-antiperoxidase labels. Localization of the enzyme identifies sites of matrix resorption. Collagenase was found in osteoclasts, osteocytes, mononuclear inflammatory cells, and at resorbing margins. Inflammation increased the intracellular collagenase content of inflammatory bone osteocytes when compared to normal osteocytes using a microspectrofluorometer. It appears that the inflammatory process directly influences bone destruction through the action of mononuclear inflammatory cells and indirectly by stimulating bone cells to increase their proteolytic enzyme production.
Genomic profiling of breast cancer in African-American women. (2013)

11054 Background: Molecular profiling of breast cancer (BC) identifies intrinsic subtypes with distinct gene expression and clinical characteristics. In the US, BC is less frequent in African-American females (AAF); however mortality is higher, particularly among younger women. Unfavorable subtypes of BC seem to be more frequent in premenopausal AAF. Methods: Tumor gene expression in AAF presenting with early stage or locally advanced BC was performed using the Symphony platform on fresh and paraffin-embedded tissue (Agendia inc), a microarray-based method which classifies tumors according to prognosis (MammaPrint, MP), molecular subtype (BluePrint, BP) and estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) mRNA levels (TargetPrint, TP). Genomic information is correlated with clinical and pathologic characteristics and Oncotype DX recurrence score (RS) when available. We plan to enroll 100 patients. Results: Results available in 46 patients. Median age 62 years (range 24-100), 20 stage I, 15 stage II, 11 stage III disease. There was no significant association between MP risk and stage, but MP risk was significantly associated with grade 3 disease (p=.006). 9 cancers were triple negative by IHC; using BP, 8 of these were Basal-type and 1 HER2-type. Basal-type was the most common subtype in patients ≤ 40 years old (p < .001). In the 6 cases ER positive by IHC but negative by TP, 3 were Basal-type and 3 were HER2-type.14 patients had Oncotype RS results available: 2 were High Risk by Oncotype and MP; 3 had intermediate RS, 2 of which were High Risk by MP; 9 had a low RS, 4 of which were High Risk by MP. Conclusions: African-American women with stage I to III BC often present with High-Risk disease irrespective of stage. BP classified all young patients (≤40) as Basal-type. Molecular subtyping confirmed the biologic heterogeneity in triple negative and hormone positive tumors. Oncotype RS and MP offered different prognostic information. Follow up will be needed to determine correlation with outcome. Funding: MP, BP and TP test provided by Agendia. Biostatistical support by GHUTTCS-CTSA. [Table: see text]