gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A family of small nucleoplasmic RNAs with common structural features (1984)

The four small nucleoplasmic RNAs designated as U1, U2, U4 and U5 RNA have a common structural domain or domain A. It is characterized by the presence of consensus sequence Pu-A-(U)5-G-Pup in a free single-stranded region and of the sequence Py-N-Py-Gp in the top loop of a hairpin located at the 3' end of the free region. Domain A is likely to be involved in a function common to the four small RNAs. Other domains possibly involved in the specific function of U1 and U5 RNAs are also presented. Several molecular forms of a same U RNA may be found in a same cellular type. These variant U RNAs are particularly numerous for U5 RNA. The possible origin of such new molecular forms is discussed in relation to multigene families for U RNAs. U1, U2, U4 and U5 RNAs are capped (with trimethylguanosine) and the consensus sequence for their 6 first nucleotides is A-(Py)5p. Thus, their 5' end resembles that of premessenger RNA, also capped (with monomethylguanosine) and bearing A-(Py)5p. Both classes of RNA are synthesized by RNA polymerase B, but the presence of a "TATA box" upstream of the capsite has not yet been demonstrated for U RNA genes. U1, U2, U4 and U5 RNAs bear a sequence C-Py-Pu at their 3' end or very close to it. This trinucleotide might be part of a site of post-transcriptional cleavage of U RNA precursors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dissociation of cardiac hypertrophy, myosin heavy chain isoform expression, and natriuretic peptide production in DOCA-salt rats (1995)

We examined the relationship between cardiac hypertrophy, myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform expression, and production of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) before and after the development of DOCA-salt hypertension. DOCA-salt rats exhibited significant left ventricular hypertrophy at the prehypertensive stage (1 week of treatment), without MHC isoform switch or change in natriuretic peptide gene expression. In the hypertensive stage (5 weeks of treatment), pronounced left ventricular hypertrophy was observed, and this was characterized by an increase in beta-MHC protein, resulting in a switch from 90% alpha-MHC to 51% alpha-MHC and 49% beta-MHC. ANF and BNP mRNA levels and peptide content were significantly increased at this stage. Unexpectedly, the MHC isoform switch was evident in the non-hypertrophied right ventricle to the same degree as in the left ventricle. Natriuretic peptide production was also increased in the right ventricle at 5 weeks of treatment, but to a lesser degree than in the left ventricle. In contrast, in the hypertrophied left atrium there was no MHC isoform switch, while ANF and BNP mRNA levels were augmented. Plasma ANF was significantly increased in the prehypertensive stage; this was accompanied by a partial depletion of atrial ANF stores. Plasma BNP was increased only in the hypertensive stage, reflecting an increase in ventricular BNP synthesis and secretion. These results suggest that 1) cardiac hypertrophy, MHC isoform expression, and stimulation of natriuretic peptide production are processes that may be dissociated from each other; 2) increases in plasma ANF without a concomitant increase in plasma BNP reflect atrial hemodynamic overload, while increases in both ANF and BNP in plasma are associated with ventricular hypertrophy; and 3) there exist differences in the storage, secretion, and processing patterns of ANF and BNP in the atria.
The Effects of Gamma Radiation on Cotton (1958)

Two series of samples of purified cotton were irradiated in oxygen and nitrogen atmospheres with gamma rays at six dosage levels ranging from 100.000 to 100.000.000 roentgens. Some of the chemical and physical properties of the irradiated cellulose were determined by means of various widely used techniques of cellulose chemistry. It was found that high energy gamma irradiation of cotton resulted in carbonyl group formation, carboxyl group formation, and chain cleavage in the approximate ratio of 20 : 1 : 1 ; increased solubility in water and in dilute alkali ; decrease in tensile strength of the fibers ; small but unusual changes in moisture regain: relatively unchanged infrared absorption spectra ; and the same type of degradation in a nitrogen atmosphere as in an oxygen atmosphere, with oxygen producing only slight enhancement of the reaction.
Voodoo Fusion Energy (2018)

During the last 15 years a host of fusion energy “startups” have declared that their systems will put net electrical power on the grid or serve as a portable electric power generator within a decade. But only 10% of these myriad ventures have given evidence of any fusion-neutron production whatever. This paper defines “voodoo fusion energy” as those plasma systems that have never produced any fusion neutrons, but whose promoters make the claim of near-term electric power generation. With representations analogous to those of the notorious Theranos blood-diagnosis sham, the voodoo-fusion practitioners have cast a spell over credulous journalists, investors and politicians.
90.6% efficient 11MHz 22W LED driver using GaN FETs and burst-mode controller with 0.96 power factor (2013)

With the advent of reliable, high brightness and high efficacy LEDs, the lighting industry is expected to see a significant growth in the near future. However, for LEDs to completely replace the traditional incandescent and CFL bulbs, the power converters within the LED drivers need to be miniaturized. Superior figure of merit (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds,ON</sub> xQ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> ) of Gallium Nitride (GaN) FETs over Silicon FETs [1] can enable both high efficiency and high frequency operation, thereby making power converters smaller, more efficient and reliable. By using integrated controllers and drivers, the number of components on the driver PCB can be reduced, further miniaturizing the driver. This work focuses on demonstrating a small form factor, high efficiency offline LED driver using GaN FETs with an integrated gate driver and controller circuit implemented on a 0.35μm CMOS process with 3.3V/15V voltage handling capability.
Application of an explicit procedure for model building in the visual cortex (1985)

Tobacco use has reached epidemic levels around the World, resulting in a world-wide increase in tobacco-related deaths and disabilities. Hospitalization presents an opportunity for nurses to encourage inpatients to quit smoking. This qualitative descriptive study was aimed to explore nurse-counsellors' perspectives of facilitators and barriers in the implementation of effective smoking cessation counselling services for inpatients. In-depth interviews were conducted with 16 nurses who were qualified smoking cessation counsellors and who were recruited from eleven health promotion hospitals that were smoke-free and located in the Greater Taipei City Area. Data were collected from May 2012 to October 2012, and then analysed using content analysis based on the grounded theory approach. From nurse-counsellors' perspectives, an effective smoking cessation program should be patient-centred and provide a supportive environment. Another finding is that effective smoking cessation counselling involves encouraging patients to modify their lifestyles. Time constraints and inadequate resources are barriers that inhibit the effectiveness of smoking cessation counselling programs in acute-care hospitals. We suggest that hospitals should set up a smoking counselling follow-up program, including funds, facilities, and trained personnel to deliver counselling services by telephone, and build a network with community smoking cessation resources.
CDC37 is required for p60v-src activity in yeast. (1996)

Mutations in genes encoding the molecular chaperones Hsp90 and Ydj1p suppress the toxicity of the protein tyrosine kinase p60v-src in yeast by reducing its levels or its kinase activity. We describe isolation and characterization of novel p60v-src-resistant, temperature-sensitive cdc37 mutants, cdc37-34 and cdc37-17, which produce less p60v-src than the parental wild-type strain at 23 degrees C. However, p60v-src levels are not low enough to account for the resistance of these strains. Asynchronously growing cdc37-34 and cdc37-17 mutants arrest in G1 and G2/M when shifted from permissive temperatures (23 degrees C) to the restrictive temperature (37 degrees C), but hydroxyurea-synchronized cdc37-34 and cdc37-17 mutants arrest in G2/M when released from the hydroxyurea block and shifted from 23 to 37 degrees C. The previously described temperature-sensitive cdc37-1 mutant is p60v-src-sensitive and produces wild-type amounts of p60v-src at permissive temperatures but becomes p60v-src-resistant at its restrictive temperature, 38 degrees C. In all three cdc37 mutants, inactivation of Cdc37p by incubation at 38 degrees C reduces p60v-src-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of yeast proteins to low or undetectable levels. Also, p60v-src levels are enriched in urea-solubilized extracts and depleted in detergent-solubilized extracts of all three cdc37 mutants prepared from cells incubated at the restrictive temperature. These results suggest that Cdc37p is required for maintenance of p60v-src in a soluble, biologically active form.
Glycosaminoglycans and their proteoglycans: host‐associated molecular patterns for initiation and modulation of inflammation (2006)

Glycosaminoglycans, linear carbohydrates such as heparan sulfate and hyaluronan, participate in a variety of biological processes including cell-matrix interactions and activation of chemokines, enzymes and growth factors. This review will discuss progress in immunology and the science of wound repair that has revealed the importance of glycosaminoglycans, and their proteoglycans, in the inflammatory process. Heparan sulfate enables growth factor function and modifies enzyme/inhibitor functions, such as antithrombin III and heparin cofactor II. Heparan sulfate also interacts with cytokines/chemokines and participates in leukocyte selectin binding to promote the recruitment of leukocytes. Chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate regulates growth factor activity and is an alternate modulator of heparin cofactor II. In addition, dermatan sulfate induces ICAM-1 expression on endothelial cells and also recruits leukocytes via selectin interactions. Hyaluronan alternatively participates in leukocyte recruitment via interaction with CD44, while activating various inflammatory cells, such as macrophages, through CD44-dependent signaling. Hyaluronan also signals through Toll-like receptor 4 to induce dendritic cell maturation and promote cytokine release by dendritic cells and endothelial cells. Taken together, the field of glycosaminoglycan biology provides new clues and explanations of the process of inflammation and suggests new therapeutic approaches to human disease.
The Effects of Nucleating Agents on Phase Transition of a Salt Hydrate Phase-Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage Heat Exchangers (2019)

Abstract Salt hydrate based Phase-Change Materials (PCM) typically store and discharge large quantities of heat during their phase transition process. However, the repeated use of these PCM, especially when they are completely dehydrated and superheated in a cyclic process, is impeded by certain irreversible behavior. These include (1) phase segregation: where the PCM degrades to forms a lower hydrate during phase transition while losing its storage capacity, and (2) subcooling: when crystallization and rehydration from the liquid PCM state occurs at a temperature lower than their phase transition point. Higher degrees of subcooling (ΔTs), which is how much the PCM has to be super cooled below its phase transition temperature for crystallization to begin, adversely affects its performance and in some cases renders it ineffective. Lithium Nitrate Trihydrate [(LNT) LiNO3.3H2O] is one of the more promising candidate among these inorganic salt hydrate PCMs because of its rather stable phase change behavior and relatively very high latent heat capacity (282kJ/kg). Nevertheless, when completely in superheated liquid phase, it requires a high degree of subcooling (ΔTs &gt; 20°C), which limits its utility. This study reports a novel nucleating agent — Zinc Nitrate Hexahydrate (ZNH) that reduces the subcooling to below 5°C (1000 Cycles). However, the latent heat capacity reduced to half the initial value after the cycling.
Proceedings of the 2002 workshop on New security paradigms (2002)

Welcome to the Proceedings of the New Security Paradigms Workshop 2002. This was the eleventh year of our very special workshop. The truly great ideas resulting from this year's workshop are fight here for your consideration and enjoyment.If you find the work presented here interesting and provocative and would like to share your own ideas at a future NSPW, please watch for the Call For Papers for our next NSPW on our web site at http://www.nspw.orgNSPW is distinguished by the fact that every selected paper is discussed in a collegial setting at the time of its presentation and often afterwards. The number of papers selected is small enough to allow a comfortable time period for the intensive examination of new concepts. Authors are instructed to prepare for a 20 to 25 minute presentation and then given an hour of actual presentation-cure-discussion time which shows the high degree of interaction with the other workshop participants.NSPW must remain small to provide the high quality interaction between authors and attendees. However, this year's attendance was an all-time high of 38 (significantly over our historically-determined optimum size of 30 attendees), and quality was very high as well!One of the most noteworthy features of NSPW is the psychological contract by which all workshop participants abide. Because authors are asked to present ideas that might be considered risky in some other venues, all participants are charged with providing feedback in a constructive and gracious manner. And it works! The resulting brainstorming environment has proven to be excellent for furthering the development of these ideas. Authors typically receive a considerable amount of feedback about their presentations and incorporate it into the final version of their paper. The results are reflected in these proceedings, published after the workshop.
Mass resolution of linear quadrupole ion traps with round rods (2014)

Adding weak nonlinear fields to a quadrupole field can improve the resolution with mass-selective ejection of ions by up to a factor of 2.7. The optimum ratio r/r0 is 1.14 to 1.16, which differs from the optimum ratio for a mass filter of 1.128-1.130.
Beyond the 19th World Conference on Health Promotion and Education (2008)

Background A hopeful journey into health was celebrated during the 19th World Conference of the International Union of Health Promotion and Education (IUHPE) initiated together with the Canadian Consortium for Health Promotion Research (CCHPR) from 10 to 15 June 2007 in Vancouver, Canada. Aims One of the main goals of this conference was to assess and determine the relevance of the Ottawa Charta-the historical document that was adopted in 1986 by an international World Health Organisation (WHO) conference-in the 21st century. These aims are reflected in the present work.
A revolução nanotecnológica e o potencial para o agronegócio (2005)

A nanotecnologia é atualmente um negócio mundial de 100 bilhões de dólares, que atrai, a cada dia, mais investimentos devido ao seu enorme potencial de aplicação tecnológica nos mais variados setores industriais. O agronegócio é sem dúvida uma das áreas onde o nosso país pode ter a maior competitividade em nanotecnologia, graças às especificidades e oportunidades de questões vinculadas ao nosso clima e agricultura tropical. Este artigo apresenta a origem e os fundamentos básicos da nanociência e nanotecnologia e descreve exemplos de algumas áreas, nas quais a nanotecnologia pode alavancar o agronegócio, dentre elas estão a indústria de insumos (fertilizantes, pesticidas) e medicamentos para uso veterinário, agricultura de precisão, rastreabilidade, indústria de alimentos, certificação e qualidade de produtos agrícolas, segurança alimentar, biotecnologia, agroenergia, monitoramento ambiental, novos usos de produtos agropecuários e vários outros setores da agroindústria.
High-performance temperature-programmed microfabricated gas chromatography columns (2005)

This paper reports the first development of high-performance, silicon-glass micro-gas chromatography (/spl mu/GC) columns having integrated heaters and temperature sensors for temperature programming, and integrated pressure sensors for flow control. These 3-m long, 150-/spl mu/m wide and 250-/spl mu/m deep columns, integrated on a 3.3 cm square die, were fabricated using a silicon-on-glass dissolved wafer process. Demonstrating the contributions to heat dissipation from conduction, convection, and radiation with and without packaging, it is shown that using a 7.5-mm high atmospheric pressure package reduces power consumption to about 650 mW at 100/spl deg/C, while vacuum packaging reduces the steady-state power requirements to less than 100 mW. Under vacuum conditions, 600 mW is needed for a temperature-programming rate of 40/spl deg/C/min. The 2300 ppm//spl deg/C TCR of the temperature sensors and the 50 fF/kPa sensitivity of the pressure sensors satisfy the requirements needed to achieve reproducible separations in a /spl mu/GC system. Using these columns, highly resolved 20-component separations were obtained with analysis times that are a factor of two faster than isothermal responses.
Total Synthesis, Mass Spectrometric Sequencing, and Stabilities of Oligonucleotide Duplexes with Single<i>trans-anti</i>-BPDE-<i>N</i><sup>6</sup>-dA Lesions in the<i>N-ras</i>codon 61 and Other Sequence Contexts (1999)

Abstract Three different oligonucleotides (one of them comprising a portion of the N-ras protooncogene) with single bay region anti-BPDE-modified adenine residues (anti-BPDE = 7r,8t-dihydroxy-t9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene) were prepared by total synthesis methods, characterized, and sequenced by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry techniques. While all of the BPDE-modified duplexes are destabilized relative to the unmodified double-stranded oligonucleotides, the thermodynamic stabilities of duplexes containing 10S (+)-trans-lesions are consistently lower than those of duplexes containing the stereoisomeric 10R (-)-trans adducts. In contrast, similar duplexes, but with fjord region BcPhDE-N 6-dA adducts are not thermodynamically destabilized by these bulky lesions (anti-BcPhDE: 4r,3t-dihydroxy-t1, 2-epoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[c]phenanthrene). Key Words: Benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxidebenzo[c]phenanthrene diol epoxideDNA adductsdeoxyadenosine lesionsthermodynamic stabilitystereochemistry
An integrative analysis of non-coding regulatory DNA variations associated with autism spectrum disorder (2018)

A number of genetic studies have identified rare protein-coding DNA variations associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental disorder with significant genetic etiology and heterogeneity. In contrast, the contributions of functional, regulatory genetic variations that occur in the extensive non-protein-coding regions of the genome remain poorly understood. Here we developed a genome-wide analysis to identify the rare single nucleotide variants (SNVs) that occur in non-coding regions and determined the regulatory function and evolutionary conservation of these variants. Using publicly available datasets and computational predictions, we identified SNVs within putative regulatory regions in promoters, transcription factor binding sites, and microRNA genes and their target sites. Overall, we found that the regulatory variants in ASD cases were enriched in ASD-risk genes and genes involved in fetal neurodevelopment. As with previously reported coding mutations, we found an enrichment of the regulatory variants associated with dysregulation of neurodevelopmental and synaptic signaling pathways. Among these were several rare inherited SNVs found in the mature sequence of microRNAs predicted to affect the regulation of ASD-risk genes. We show a paternally inherited miR-873-5p variant with altered binding affinity for several risk-genes including NRXN2 and CNTNAP2 putatively overlay maternally inherited loss-of-function coding variations in NRXN1 and CNTNAP2 to likely increase the genetic liability in an idiopathic ASD case. Our analysis pipeline provides a new resource for identifying loss-of-function regulatory DNA variations that may contribute to the genetic etiology of complex disorders.
Graphene-enhanced, internal-magnetic-field-generated Rabi oscillations in metal-coated Si-SiO2 photoconductive detectors (2013)

We report our demonstration of Rabi oscillations in Si-SiO2-Al photoconductive devices with nanosecond laser pulses of a few nJ at room temperature without external magnetic fields. Zeeman splitting of spin quantum states of dopants in silicon is achieved with internal magnetic fields produced by the Al film under excitation of laser pulses. Rabi oscillation frequency is 15 MHz and 25 MHz when photocurrent direction is perpendicular and parallel, respectively, to the propagation direction of linearly-polarized, 532-nm, 7-ns laser pulses. Insertion of graphene buffer layer between Al and SiO2 provides a three-fold enhancement in Rabi oscillation amplitude. This simple-structured, low-cost device operated at room temperature should open a new avenue for future spin-based electronics and optoelectronics.
Reviews (1924)

A. F. Kitching, W. Partridge, M. Nierenstein, H. E. Cox and A. F. Kitching, Analyst, 1924, 49, 455 DOI: 10.1039/AN9244900455
3D printed disposable optics and lab-on-a-chip devices for chemical sensing with cell phones (2017)

Digital manufacturing (DM) offers fast prototyping capabilities and great versatility to configure countless architectures at affordable development costs. Autonomous lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices, conceived as only disposable accessory to interface chemical sensing to cell phones, require specific features that can be achieved using DM techniques. Here we describe stereo-lithography 3D printing (SLA) of optical components and unibody-LOC (ULOC) devices using consumer grade printers. ULOC devices integrate actuation in the form of check-valves and finger pumps, as well as the calibration range required for quantitative detection. Coupling to phone camera readout depends on the detection approach, and includes different types of optical components. Optical surfaces can be locally configured with a simple polishing-free post-processing step, and the representative costs are 0.5 US$/device, same as ULOC devices, both involving fabrication times of about 20 min.
Modulateur LiNbO3 à faible chirp par inversion de domaine ferro–électrique (2003)

Nous proposons un nouveau modulateur d'intensite LiNbO3 a chirp nul integre sur coupe Z. Un tel modulateur presente les memes avantages que les modulateurs classiques integres sur coupe Z, i. E. Une faible tension demi-onde, et une large bande passante. La particularite du modulateur propose reside dans son parametre de chirp qui peut etre ajuste a zero a l'aide d'une seule tension pilote. Le principe de fonctionnement du modulateur repose sur l'association de l'inversion de domaine ferro-electrique avec des electrodes a inversion de phase. La premiere partie du manuscrit decrit le contexte des telecommunications haut-debits. Le principe de fonctionnement des modulateurs a faible chirp par inversion de domaine ferro-electrique est ensuite decrit. L'optimisation des lignes de transmission est traitee en troisieme partie. La description des methodes de caracterisation precede la cinquieme partie, qui est dediee a la fabrication et a la caracterisation des modulateurs a faible chirp.