gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly efficient flexible cathodes for dye sensitized solar cells to complement Pt@TCO coatings (2013)

Solution-processed, semi-transparent, conductive electrodes based on PEDOT:PSS [poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)] using silver grids were developed on a plastic support. The flexible electrode (flextrode) was employed as a cathode in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and acts in two-fold manner: the PEDOT layer will yield a high surface area for effective electrocatalysis, while the silver grid will decrease the series resistance to rival transparent conducting oxide (TCO) coatings. DSSCs fabricated with Y123 dye and the developed cathodes show power conversion efficiencies of 7%, which are comparable to the reference device (6.9%) using Pt@FTO (F-doped SnO2) coatings on glass under the same conditions. A flexible and cost effective electrode will help to penetrate the market for DSSCs and hybrid-organic–inorganic photovoltaics. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and modelling results confirm similar values of the series resistance and charge transfer resistance of the cathodes both in Pt-based and PEDOT-based cells, as well as the limited impact on the I–V curve from the modification of the charge transfer parameters in the PEDOT-based cells.
A systematic review of the evidence of reduced allergenicity and clinical benefit of food hydrolysates in dogs with cutaneous adverse food reactions (2009)

Several hydrolysate-based diets have been commercialized for helping diagnose or treat dogs with cutaneous adverse food reactions (CAFR). This systematic review was performed to examine the evidence in favour of reduced immunological and clinical allergenicity of hydrolysates in dogs with CAFR. Citation databases, meeting abstracts and article bibliographies were scanned for relevant citations, and companies were contacted to provide unpublished reports. Eleven studies relevant to this study were identified. Some evidence of reduced serum IgE binding to a soy hydrolysate (1 study) and decreased intradermal test reactivity to hydrolysed proteins (three studies) was found. In four reports, the feeding of dogs suspected of having CAFR with hydrolysate-based diets reduced or eliminated clinical signs in a variable proportion of subjects. The percentage of dogs with CAFR that still reacted to these hydrolysate-based diets could not be assessed, however. Importantly, up to 50% of dogs with CAFR enrolled in three controlled studies exhibited increases in clinical signs after ingesting partial hydrolysates derived from foods to which they were hypersensitive. In conclusion, the limited number of studies undertaken point to reduced - but not eliminated - immunological and clinical allergenicity of hydrolysate-based commercial diets. A variable proportion of dogs with CAFR will exhibit a worsening of clinical signs when fed partial hydrolysates. Clinicians must weigh the clinical benefit of these diets versus their high cost and low risk of reduced appetence or gastrointestinal sign development. At this time, hydrolysate-containing diets are probably best used in dogs suspected not to be hypersensitive to their individual components.
Új antibiotikum-származékok szintézise = Synthesis of new antibiotic derivatives (2008)

A leinamicin nevű, DNS-hasító daganatellenes antibiotikum hatásáért felelős molekularészletét szintetikusan beültettük nukleozidokba, s így a daunomicin biológai aktivitásához hasonló értékű citotoxikus származékokat nyertünk. Acetilénkötést tartalmazó leinamicinanalógunk szintén hatásosnak bizonyult, s hozzájárult az antibiotikum hatásmechanizmusának felderítéséhez. Megvalósítottuk antibakteriális, a vankomicin-családhoz tartozó glikopeptid-antibiotikumok és daganatellenes antraciklin-antibiotikumok négyögsavdiamid molekularészlet segítségével kialakított konjugátumainak, illetve dimerjeinek szintézisét, s több esetben igen kedvező biológiai hatású származékokat kaptunk. Tanulmányoztuk szénhidrátok, antibiotikumok, nukleozidok telekelikus dimerjeinek biológiai hatását, illetve különleges aggregációs tulajdonságukat,. Metilgallátból kiindulva oxidatív dezaromatizációval, s cikloaddíciós reakciót felhasználva a perikozin nevű, citotoxikus antibiotikum áthidalt gyűrűs analógját szintetizáltuk. | The active structural portion of the DNA-cleaving anticancer antibiotic leinamycin was synthetically built into nucleosides. In this way new leinamycin analogs were obtained with citotoxicity comparable to that of daunomycin. A new type of leinamycin analog containing carbon-carbon triple bond was synthesized and it gave an important information for elucidation of mechanism of action of leinamycin. Using the squaric amide linker new conjugates and dimers of antibacterial glycopeptide antibiotics of the vancomycin group and of anticancer anthracyclines have been synthesized. Some of the conjugates possess very promising biological activity. The aggregation properties and antibacterial activity of telechelic dimers of antibiotics, carbohydrates and nucleosides have been studied. Bicyclic analogs of the cytotoxic antibiotic pericosin was synthesized from methyl gallate.
Proteins in Aqueous Humor from Cataract Patients with and without Pseudoexfoliationsyndrome (2012)

The aim of this study was to investigate the protein content in aqueous humor in eyes with and without pseudoexfoliations (PEX) and to evaluate the quantitative proteomics method, isobaric tagging for relative and absolute protein quantification (iTRAQ), in combination with two separation methods followed by matrix-assisted Laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). During cataract surgery, samples of aqueous humor were collected from 20 eyes with PEX and from 18 control eyes. The relative concentrations of proteins in the pooled samples of ten PEX eyes and eight controls were evaluated after trypsin digestion and Labeling of the peptides with (iTRAQ) reagent. Two separation methods, Liquid chromatography (LC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) were used, followed by MALDI mass spectrometry and MS/MS. Furthermore, 1D gel electrophoresis was performed on the remaining ten pooled PEX samples and ten control samples. The gel material was separated by nano-liquid chromatography (nano-LC) followed by Linear-ion-trap quadrupole Fourier transformation ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR). Fifty four proteins were identified in the LC runs and 24 with CE. The relative concentrations of beta-crystallines B2 and S were raised and those of angiotensinogen and osteopontin Lowered in the PEX sample compared to the control. The trends regarding beta-crystallines B2, angiotensinogen and osteopontin were confirmed by the 1D gel electrophoresis.
Prediction of Stress Relaxation in Laminated Leather Layers (2003)

Laminated leather, obtained by the bonding of the microporous polyurethane film to split leather surface, was used for investigation. Such hybrid leather is resistant to water penetration, but shows high breathable properties. The effect of different nature layers on mechanical properties and viscoelastic behaviour of laminated leather was examined. It was shown that leather backing mainly determines the strength of laminated leather, while polyurethane film – deformability. The combinative strengthening is characteristic for hybrid system due to the repairing of leather surface defects by adhesive layers and dissipation of kinetic energy, which releases during the elementary act of the failure. Generalized Maxwell model, possessing a regular spectrum of relaxation times, successfully describes stress relaxation behaviour of the leather in non-linear regions. The polyurethane film increases the stress relaxation rate in the laminated leather, because rearrangement at the interface of two layers arises. It was obtained that the viscoelastic nature of polyurethane film dominates on the long-term properties of laminated leather.
Effects of the 2-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-proprionic acid/kainate antagonist LY293558 on spontaneous and evoked postoperative pain (2000)

This is the first evidence that an AMPA/kainate antagonist reduces clinical pain. Tests of evoked pain may be more sensitive to certain analgesics than those of spontaneous pain. The evaluation of evoked pain as an outcome measure in analgesic trials may identify potentially useful compounds otherwise missed if only spontaneous pain is evaluated.
Synthesis of fluorine analogues of vitamin E. (1988)

As part of a search for biologically active analogues of vitamin E, fluorine derivatives of tocotrienol and related compounds were synthesized by the ring-closure of trifluoroprenols with trimethylhydroquinone. For this purpose, the trifluoroprenols were synthesized by the Wittitg-Horner reaction of trifluoroacetone or its prenyl homologues with triethylphosphonoacetate followed by reduction of the trifluoromethylated acrylic ester derivatives. Although 4, 4, 4-trifluoroprenol itself did not react with the hydroquinone, 7, 7, 7-trifluorodiprenol and higher prenols gave 6-chromanols with a trifluofomethylated side-chan.
Objectives and Overview (2009)

The RTO Task Group AVT-113 Understanding and Modeling Vortical Flows to Improve the Technology Readiness Level for Military Aircraft was established in April 2003. Two facets of the group, Cranked Arrow Wing Aerodynamic Project International (CAWAPI) and Vortex Flow Experiment-2 (VFE-2), worked closely together. However, because of the different requirements of each part, the CAWAPI facet concluded its work earlier (December 2006) than the VFE-2 facet (December 2007). In this first chapter of the Final Report of the Task Group an overview on its work is given, and the objectives for the Task Group are described.
Synthesis of New Photocrosslinkable Polymers Derived from Cinnamic Acid (1976)

Dimerization of trans-cinnamic acid under ultraviolet radiations is a well known phenomenon since it has been studied a long time ago by Bertram and Kürsten (1). Presence of cinnamic structures in macromolecules leads, after irradiation, to crosslinking polymers which have found applications in modern lithographic techniques and electronic microminiaturization (1). Photodimerization of cinnamic acid only occurs in the solid state and irradiation of its melt or solutions does not give dimer. One control factor in such reaction is the geometry of the crystal structure of the species (2). Photocrosslinking of polymers carrying cinnamic structures cannot be explained by the only cyclobutanic structures formations. Nakamura and Kikuchi have proposed according to EPR data the intervention of two different kindsof radical intermediates, one of them being produced by hydrogen abstraction from the main chain of the polymer (1). The photocrosslinking of cinnamic polymers is accelerated by introduction of organic compounds. The absence
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrazones Derived from Thiooxamohydrazides and 3‐Formyl‐4‐hydroxycoumarin: Synthesis, Structures, and Fragmentation. (2014)

Abstract Seven hydrazones of type (III) are prepared.
First phantom and in vivo MPI images with an extended field of view (2011)

Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is a high-potential new medical imaging modality that has been introduced in 2005. MPI uses the non-linear magnetization behavior of iron-oxide based nano-particles, named tracer, to perform quantitative measurements of their local concentration. Previous publications demonstrated the feasibility of real-time in vivo 3D imaging with clinical concentration of Resovist®. Given MPI's fast and sensitive imaging as well as its overall versatility, it has potential to support various medical applications spanning from diagnostics to therapy. As an example, ongoing research investigates the use of MPI in cardiovascular diagnostics for myocardial perfusion measurement. While previous publications reported results from experimental systems with limited bore size (3cm), this contribution presents first phantom and in vivo images acquired on the next hardware generation, an experimental system with an effective bore size of 12cm. The system is designed for pre-clinical studies and can capture image data from an extended field of view compared to the previous, experimental system. The contribution introduces concepts for the encoding of a larger field of view by means of additional magnetic fields, named focus-fields, and outlines the path to stitching of images from multiple focus field settings, called "multi-station reconstruction". To prove the feasibility of imaging of an extended field of view, volumetric images of a moving phantom as well as of a living rat were acquired.
MECHANICAL CIRCULATORY SUPPORT - A HISTORICAL REVIEW (2004)

This review highlights major milestones of the last 50 years related to the evolution of a mechanical device to support the human circulation. Since the inception of the Artificial Heart Program in 1964, numerous obstacles have been overcome with respect to pump design, optimal blood surfaces, manufacturing capabilities, regulatory requirements, and financing. The trend toward miniaturization is discussed, comparing the first LVAD implanted in a human in 1966 by Dr. Michael DeBakey with the present DeBakey VAD (MicroMed). The rationale for evolving from a left ventricular assist device to a total artificial heart and back again is also addressed, with comparisons between the Jarvik 7 and Jarvik 2000 devices serving to illustrate the unique challenges of pulsatile vs. continuous flow. Clinical outcomes are correlated with the acquired knowledge of human physiology as it relates to rotary blood pumps. Variations in flow characteristics, motor control systems and monitoring techniques are outlined for each pump in order to demonstrate the advancements made in this field. Comparisons are gleaned from scientific data taken from published manuscripts as well as first hand reflections from experience in the laboratory and operating room during the period of development and implantation phases of these devices. As shown in this discussion, the devices that were originally designed to assist in weaning patients from cardiopulmonary bypass have been modified and improved for successful use as a bridge to transplant, a bridge to recovery, or as permanent destination therapy.
Serial Cost Sharing (1992)

The authors consider the problem of cost sharing in the case of a fixed group of agents sharing a one input, one output technology with decreasing returns. They introduce and analyze the serial cost sharing method. Among agents endowed with convex and monotonic preferences, serial cost sharing is dominance solvable and its unique Nash equilibrium is also robust to coalitional deviations. The authors show that no other smooth cost sharing mechanism yields a unique Nash equilibrium at all preference profiles. Copyright 1992 by The Econometric Society.
Electron Transfer Reactions in Toluene at High Pressure (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron Transfer Reactions in Toluene at High PressureRichard A. Holroyd, Elizabeth Stradowska, and Kengo ItohCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 51, 13524–13527Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100102a016https://doi.org/10.1021/j100102a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views44Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Formation of chemical species and their effects on microorganisms using a pulsed high voltage discharge in water (2002)

The primary mechanism for sterilization of microorganisms by high-voltage pulses has been considered to be an electrical breakdown of the cell membrane. However, it is expected that many kinds of chemically active species would be generated by an electrical discharge in a needle-plate or rod-rod electrode system. Therefore it is necessary to identify the chemical species produced by the discharge and to investigate lethal effects of the active species on microorganisms. In the present study, the formation of active species in water (without O/sub 2/ flow) and their effects on yeast cells were investigated using needle-plate electrodes. In the presence of the streamer discharge, H and OH radicals were detected by means of emission spectroscopic analysis of the discharge light. Hydrogen peroxide (H/sub 2/O/sub 2/) was also detected by absorption spectrophotometry using a reaction of peroxidase and catalase. The effect of the electrical conductivity of the water on the formation of the active species was investigated. Maximum /spl middot/OH and H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ concentrations were obtained at a water conductivity of about 10/sup -5/ S/cm. The H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ formation mechanism was considered to be a recombination reaction of /spl middot/OH. The lethal effects on beer yeast of /spl middot/OH and H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ generated by the pulsed electrical discharge in water were also investigated. It was found that /spl middot/OH had almost no effect in reducing the survivors. However, the H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ did kill the yeast cells: the logarithm of the survival ratio decreased linearly with increasing H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ concentration.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
APPLICATION OF AN INFORMATION THEORY MODEL FOR CHARACTER ANALYSIS IN THE GENUS <i>ARCEUTHOBIUM</i> (VISCACEAE) (1968)

Summary A character for a group under study embodies the notion of “similar with respect to a basis for comparison” by inducing a partition of the group into classes called character states. Objects which are members of the same state are considered similar. The information in a character can be measured. This enables us to determine that Some characters share information with other characters. Some properties may be predicted from knowledge of other properties. Conventional notions of character “equality” and “weighting” are often misleading. In a very real sense, a classification is a character and may be measured for its information preserving capacity. The information in selected characters of the genus Arceuthobium was analysed in this manner; the results of this analysis are presented.
Quantitative Assessment Of Anatomical Change In The Human Dentition (2005)

This paper describes a computer method for aligning digitized images of teeth. Because teeth can not be accurately digitized directly in the oral cavity and because successive replicas of a surface can not be mounted in the digitizer with the same orientation, it is necessary to develop an algorithm which can move one surface relative to the other to optimize their alignment. The alignment is accomplished by forming a response surface based on the root mean squared distance between the two images as a function of the six transformation parameters. The Simplex algorithm is used to find the minimum of the response surface. New surface coordinates are determined using linear interpolation. A graphical interface and a personal computer provide easy interaction for the input and output of data.
STRESS MEASUREMENT IN CONTACT POINTS OF ROCK PARTICLES IN UNBOUND GRANULAR LAYERS OF PAVEMENT (2004)

Horizontal and vertical distribution of stress, in different layers of unbound materials of pavements, as well as stress in contact points between rock particles of these layers, have been studied. Ring Chamber was used to study horizontal and vertical stresses under static vertical load. Stresses in contact points were measured using pressure films, placed in Ring Chamber. To investigate the influence of grain size on stress distribution, five size ranges of aggregates were tested. Analyses of the tested pressure films show very high stresses developed in some contact points due to the applied load. Variation in grain size of samples influence the stress distribution and fine aggregates distribute stress more evenly than coarse aggregates. It has also been found that coarse aggregates have more roles in stress distribution and higher stresses developed in contact points between coarser aggregates.
End-to-end performance in ATM networks (2002)

We are concerned with the end-to-end performance of an ATM network. The focus is on the characterization of the smoothing effect on the individual traffic streams as they traverse the network nodes. We develop an analytical model and a method of analysis for a generic node. For Markov modulated on-off streams, it is found that the on period gets lengthened as the stream passes through each node. The characterization of the lengthening effect allows a departure stream to be approximated by another Markov modulated on-off stream with modified parameters. The method permits a recursive computation of performance at all the nodes in a tandem network representing an end-to-end connection. The accuracy of the approximate analysis is validated by comparing it with simulation results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Staging Pelvic Lymphadenectomy for Localized Carcinoma of the Prostate: A Comparison of 3 Surgical Techniques (1997)

Comparison of laparoscopic and minilaparotomy procedures to modified open pelvic lymph node dissection revealed similar staging efficacy, and decreased total hospital stay and complications. Laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection required increased operative time. Minilaparotomy should become the open surgical procedure of choice for pelvic lymph node dissection, particularly at institutions where the laparoscopy learning curve, equipment expense and time disadvantages cannot be overcome.
Novel Cooperative Schemes on Spectrum Sensing in Multi-Primary-User Cognitive Radio Network (2010)

It is widely accepted that the emergence of cognitive radio (CR) will lead to a wireless communication revolution. Spectrum sensing is one key process of CR, which makes effective use of scarce spectrum. Two novel schemes, clustering and locating schemes, are presented for spectrum sensing based on energy detection on the condition that there are multiple primary users in the cognitive radio network. Clustering scheme is used for estimating the number of primary users and dividing the secondary users into several groups based on their geographical position as well as received energy by my proposed iterative max-min theory, and then locates the position of primary user by locating scheme based on the center of gravity algorithm. These schemes work well when only geographic information and the amount of energy can be obtained. Finally, numerical analysis and simulation results of these schemes are provided. It is proved that the proposed criteria are practical and efficient in the absence of the type of primary signal and the amount of noise which are necessary for previous methods.