gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Parallel Approach of Radix Sort with Bucket Partition Preprocess (2012)

Radix sort is an important sorting algorithm which is widely used in applications such as binary search and database. The most important advantage of radix sort is its time complexity is O(n), lower than other sorting algorithms based on comparison operation. However, a factor that hampers its application is long execution time of its loop body. In this paper, based on data level parallelism idea, we present a new parallel radix sort algorithm. In this algorithm, each iteration of loop can be fully parallelized via thounds of concurrent threads, eliminating the original performance bottleneck. Furthermore, it is a scalable algorithm, which means the performance of algorithm can be linearly improved with the increase of core number of modern many-core processors. Experiment results show the efficiency of the algorithm.
Decimation of <i>m</i> -sequences leading to any desired phase shift (1977)

If every kth bit of an m-sequence A of periodicity 2n − 1 is sampled, where (k, 2n − 1) = 1, the resultant sequence A(k) is also an m-sequence with the same periodicity. The dependence between the first n bits of A and those of A(k) is shown here. For k = 2m, A(k) is a shifted version of A. It si also shown how the n-tuple is to be determined with which A should start in order that the phase shift between A and A(k) should be q,0 ≤ q ≤ 2n – 2.
Evaluation of Permeabilities Determined From Repeat Formation Tester Measurements Made in the Prudhoe Bay Field (1985)

ABSTRACT Methods previously presented in the literature for determining permeabilities from RFT* pretests were applied to an extensive amount of data recorded in 14 cored wells in the Prudhoe Bay Field. Arithmetically averaged core permeabilities in the zones of interest were validated by comparison with pressure build-up data. The foot by foot core data was then used to achieve an adequate vertical resolution for meaningful comparisons with RFT results. Comparisons indicate that corrected RFT data are consistently lower than corresponding core data. RFT- and core-derived permeabilities agree more closely when data is obtained from low-permeability sands. Trends between the two types of derived permeabilities exist for a few wells. However, these trends are different from well to well, and it is not possible to develop a usable field-wide correlation between RFT and core permeabilities. The study cites reasons for the differences between RFT- and core-derived permeabilities. These differences are attributed to relative permeability effects, uncertainties in fluid saturations, well-specific skin damage, reservoir anisotropy, and uncertainties in drawdown fluid flow equations for the RFT measurements. In conclusion, RFT permeabilities cannot be used to determine true reservoir permeabilities.
Computing Optimal (<i>s, S</i>) Inventory Policies (1965)

A complete computational approach for finding optimal (s, S) inventory policies is developed. The method is an efficient and unified approach for all values of the model parameters, including a non-negative set-up cost, a discount factor 0 ≦ α ≦ 1, and a lead time. The method is derived from renewal theory and stationary analysis, generalized to permit the unit interval range of values for α. Careful attention is given to the problem associated with specifying a starting condition (when α < 1); a resolution is found that guarantees an (s, S) policy optimal for all starting conditions is produced by the computations. New upper and lower bounds on the optimal values of both s and S are established. The special case of linear holding and penalty costs is treated in detail. In the final section, a model in which there is a minimum guaranteed demand in each period is studied, and a simplified method of solution is developed.
The Strategic Process in Large, Complex Organizations. (1974)

This paper aims to present the findings of an empirical study of the policy-making process, based on detailed observation and study of new business development in: (1) a professional service company and (2) a diversified industrial corporation. A central concern of Policy has been the process whereby corporations make strategic decisions. The strategic decision has been defined as
Natural Language Processing and Language Learning (2021)

Natural language processing (NLP) is concerned with the automated processing of human language. It addresses the analysis and generation of written and spoken language, though speech processing is often regarded as a separate subfield. NLP can be seen as the applied side of computational linguistics, the interdisciplinary field concerned with formal analysis and computational modeling of language at the intersection of linguistics, computer science, and psychology. In terms of the aspects analyzed by NLP, traditionally lexical, morphological, and syntactic aspects of language were the center of attention, but aspects of meaning, discourse, and the relation to the extralinguistic context have become increasingly prominent in the last decade. This entry focuses on showing the relevance, characterizing the techniques, and delineating the uses of NLP for second language learning. It distinguishes two broad uses of NLP related to language learning. On the one hand, NLP can be used to analyze learner language, that is, words, sentences, or texts produced by language learners. This includes the development of NLP techniques for the analysis of learner language by tutoring systems in intelligent computer‐assisted language learning (ICALL), automated scoring in language testing, as well as the analysis and annotation of learner corpora. On the other hand, NLP for the analysis of native language can also play an important role in the language learning context. Applications in this second domain support the search for and the enhanced presentation of reading material for language learners as well as the generation of exercises and tests based on authentic materials.
From COM to Common (2006)

Ten years ago, the term component software meant something relatively specific and concrete. A small number of software component frameworks more or less defined the concept for most people. Today, few terms in the software industry are less precise than component software. There are now many different forms of software componentry for many different purposes. The technologies and methodologies of 10 years ago have evolved in fundamental ways and have been joined by an explosion of new technologies and approaches that have redefined our previously held notions of component software.
Sapphire-removed induced the deformation of high power InGaN light emitting diodes (2008)

Thick copper films on vertically structures InGaN LEDs play a critical role after sapphire removed. The most commonly used GaN thin film growth technique is metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), which provides a high growth temperature, as a result, high intrinsic stress takes place between sapphire and InGaN surface. If the aforementioned metal supporter experiences a large warpage induced from intrinsic stress after sapphire removed, the subsequent processes would be very difficult to carried out. To solve the above issue, a finite element (FE) numerical simulation was employed for stress-strain behavior analysis of the LED device, the results reveal that, increasing the thickness of metal layer or implementing a pre-metal deposition buffer layer can apparently reduce the device warpage after sapphire removal. Based on the above design concepts, the experimental result depicts that, the warpage of LED wafer can be effectively reduced by 25% when metal layer increased from 62.5 um to 82.5 um, which shows good agreements with FE result, hence validates the established research methodology. And more importantly, based on the process modelling and sapphire-removal simulation-technique developed in this study, an optimal novel LED structure is designed for the reduction of process induced warpage. To conclude, a LED chip structural design-process modeling-fabrication methodology was successfully developed, and can be further contributed to the LED industry.
Die Spaltung des C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>SiH<sub>3</sub> mit jod und HJ (Eine einfache Darstellung von SiH<sub>3</sub>J) (1960)

Abstract Es wurde die Umsetzung des C 6 H 5 SiH 3 mit J 2 und HJ unter verschiedenen Bedingungen untersucht. C 6 H 5 SiH 3 wird bei Zugabe von J 2 ohne Lösungsmittel nach gespalten. Die gebildeten Verbindungen wurden analytisch, gaschromatographisch und mit Hilfe des IR‐Spektrums identifiziert. Jodbenzol und SiH 2 J 2 werden nicht gebildet. In CCl 4 erfolgt keine Reaktion, in C 2 H 5 J bevorzugt eine Jodierung zum C 6 H 5 SiH 2 J. Die Spaltung des C 6 H 5 SiH 3 setzt mit der Jodierung der SiH‐Gruppe unter Bildung von HJ ein. HJ spaltet die Si‐Phenylgruppe nach equation image HJ reagiert beim Einleiten in siedendes C 6 H 5 SiH 3 (Sdp. 120°C) nach (3). Daneben erfolgt eine Jodierung nach Verflüssigtes HJ reagiert mit C 6 H 5 SiH 3 quantitativ nach (3). Diese Reaktionen gestatten eine bequeme präparative Darstellung von SiH 3 J und des bisher nicht beschriebenen C 6 H 5 SiH 2 J.
Model-driven development and evolution of customized user interfaces (2013)

One of the main benefits of model-driven development of User Interfaces (UIs) is the increase in efficiency and consistency when developing multiple variants of a UI. For instance, multiple UIs for different target users, platforms, devices, or for whole product families can be generated from the same abstract models. However, purely generated UIs are not always sufficient as there is often need for customizing the individual UI variants, e.g., due to usability issues or specific customer requirements.
Finite-element models for cage induction motor analysis (2003)

The authors describe two methods for predicting the performance of cage induction motors using finite elements. The first, which is suitable for steady-state analysis, uses a phaseband model for the stator together with a single-slot model for the rotor. These are used in an iterative procedure to determine the components of the familiar per-phase equivalent circuit. The second method, which is suitable for transient analysis, uses a time-stepped coupled circuit model for the machine, together with magnetostatic finite-element field solutions which are used to update the circuit parameters. Both methods are illustrated by comparison between experimental and computed characteristics for a four-pole 4.5 kW motor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structural and optical investigation of InAsxP1−x/InP strained superlattices (1998)

We report a complete characterization of InAsxP1−x/InP (0.05&lt;x&lt;0.59) superlattices epitaxially grown by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition and by chemical beam epitaxy. Samples were obtained by both conventional growth procedures and by periodically exposing the just-grown InP surface to an AsH3 flux. Using the latter procedure, very thin InAsxP1−x/InP layers (10–20 Å) are obtained by P↔As substitutions effects. Arsenic composition of the so obtained layers depends both on AsH3 flux intensity and exposure times. Samples have been characterized by means of high resolution x-ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, 4 K photoluminescence, and extended x ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. The combined use of high resolution x-ray diffraction and of 4 K photoluminescence, with related simulations, allows us to predict both InAsP composition and width, which are qualitatively confirmed by electron microscopy. Our study indicates that the effect of the formation of thin InAsP layers is due to the As incorporation onto the InP surface exposed to the As flux during the AsH3 exposure, rather than the residual As pressure in the growth chamber during InP growth. Arsenic K-edge extended x-ray absorption fine structure analysis shows that the first shell environment of As at these interfaces is similar to that found in bulk InAsxP1−x alloys of similar composition. In particular we measure an almost constant As–In bond length (within 0.02 Å), independent of As concentration; this confirms that epitaxy with InP is accompanied by local structural distortions, such as bond angle variations, which accommodate the nearly constant As–In bond length. In our investigation we characterize not only very high quality heterostructures but also samples showing serious interface problems such as nonplanarity and/or a consistent chemical spread along the growth axis. In the study presented here we thus propose a general method, based on several independent techniques, for the characterization of the interface quality of semiconductor superlattices.
Strength and Ductility of HPS-100W I-Girders in Negative Flexure (2001)

In current AASHTO LRFD bridge design specifications, the nominal flexural strength of I-girders made from steel with a yield stress >345 MPa (>50 ksi) is limited to the yield moment rather than the plastic moment and inelastic design procedures are not permitted. With the recent development of high performance steel (HPS) for highway bridges, the need for these restrictions should be revisited. This paper focuses on I-girders made from HPS-100W steel. Two I-girders were designed with HPS-100W steel according to the AASHTO LRFD specifications, neglecting current restrictions related to the use of high strength steels. The I-girders were tested to failure under three-point loading, which simulated the condition of negative flexure at the pier of a continuous-span bridge. The flexural strength and ductility of the HPS-100W I-girders are compared with the strength and ductility anticipated by the AASHTO LRFD specifications for conventional steel I-girders. In addition, the results of relevant previous tests of conventional steel I-girders are summarized and compared with the HPS-100W I-girder test results.
Multiple views map on Nintendo DS (2008)

Information societies today are flooded with massive amounts of data. Moreover, with new technology being developed every day, machines can perform faster than they used to at an exponential rate. New processors which are faster and smaller result in a higher capability to produce more data and in a reduction of the size of the device. Even our capabilities to absorb information are still the same. The representation of data or information can still be improved through information visualization, that is to say, the knowledge of how to represent data or information by using interactive 2D or 3D color graphics and animations. By using this knowledge, many new methods for displaying information have been discovered especially for mobile device where screen space is very limited. This thesis contains a study of a multiple-view visual transformation technique on a mobile device, namely, Nintendo DS, by constructing a 2D navigational map program. I first compare several studies about different methods of visual transformation and explain why I chose multiple-view as my preference. To design the prototype map program I used the knowledge from the information visualization field especially information visualization framework. The implementation was done by using homebrew software development kits. The user study on how the technique works showed that the effectiveness and satisfaction score of the program is at medium to good level, while users’ preference for this visualization technique on this machine is very good.\n\nKey words and terms: Information visualization, Nintendo DS, Multiple-view
Structural genes for nitrate-inducible formate dehydrogenase in Escherichia coli K-12. (1990)

Formate oxidation coupled to nitrate reduction constitutes a major anaerobic respiratory pathway in Escherichia coli. This respiratory chain consists of formate dehydrogenase-N, quinone, and nitrate reductase. We have isolated a recombinant DNA clone that likely contains the structural genes, fdnGHI, for the three subunits of formate dehydrogenase-N. The fdnGHI clone produced proteins of 110, 32 and 20 kDa which correspond to the subunit sizes of purified formate dehydrogenase-N. Our analysis indicates that fdnGHI is organized as an operon. We mapped the fdn operon to 32 min on the E. coli genetic map, close to the genes for cryptic nitrate reductase (encoded by the narZ operon). Expression of phi(fdnG-lacZ) operon fusions was induced by anaerobiosis and nitrate. This induction required fnr+ and narL+, two regulatory genes whose products are also required for the anaerobic, nitrate-inducible activation of the nitrate reductase structural gene operon, narGHJI. We conclude that regulation of fdnGHI and narGHJI expression is mediated through common pathways.
The Design of Low-power DDS Circuit (2009)

Direct digital frequency synthesizer(DDS)is an apparatus to generate wave on the required frequency.It provides high frequency resolution,rapid frequency transformation and other superiority.DDS has come a long way since the days when implementations were limited to complex,costly designs that consumed large amounts of power.The elements to affect the power of CMOS integrated circuit are summarized in this paper.According to the actual situation of the DDS,The algorithm level and system level improvement is done to reduce the power.A developed Coordinate Rotation Digital Compute(rCORDIC)algorithm and parallel system operation are designed.It has been proved that the power can be reduced about 20 percent by using these improvements.
Interactively Decomposing Composite Changes to Support Code Review and Regression Testing (2017)

Developers often address multiple development issues to make composite code changes, as opposed to atomic changes that address one single issue. Investigating and testing such code changes is a tedious and error-prone process for developers. To address the problem, this paper presents a technique, called CHGCUTTER, for (1) interactively decomposing composite changes into atomic changes, (2) building related change subsets using program dependence relationships without syntactic violation, and (3) safely selecting only related test cases from the test suite to reduce the time to conduct regression testing. In the evaluation, CHGCUTTER analyzes 28 composite changes in four open source projects. It identifies related change subsets with 95.7% accuracy, and it selects test cases affected by these changes with 89.0% accuracy. Our results show that CHGCUTTER should help developers effectively inspect changes and validate modified applications during development.
Liquid-chromatographic determination of hemoglobin A2. (1986)

In this liquid-chromatographic assay for hemoglobin A2 (Hb A2) in human blood, the blood samples are hemolyzed by dilution and the hemolysates are chromatographed on a weak cation-exchanger with a solvent gradient of a buffer with two different ionic strengths. The absorbance of the effluent is monitored at 405 nm. The retention time of Hb A2 is less than 10 min. The mean within-assay CV was 1.6%, the between-assay CV 4.9%. I describe the effects of various column dimensions and sample preparation methods on the separation of Hb A2. The normal reference interval (for 54 healthy adults) was 1.3 to 3.0%. A comparison between results by a minicolumn method and by the present method is performed. Rapid and reproducible, this method is suitable for use in routine determination of Hb A2.
Development and Optimization of a Carbon Dioxide-Aided Cold Microfiltration Process for the Physical Removal of Microorganisms and Somatic Cells from Skim Milk (2008)

Physical removal of microorganisms from skim milk by microfiltration (MF) is becoming increasingly attractive to the dairy industry. Typically, this process is performed at temperatures of approximately 50 degrees C. Additional shelf-life and quality benefits might be gained by conducting the MF process at low temperatures. Cold MF could also minimize microbial fouling of the membrane and prevent the germination of thermophilic spores. The objective of this study was to optimize a cold MF process for the effective removal of microbial and somatic cells from skim milk. An experimental MF setup containing a tubular Tami ceramic membrane with a nominal pore size of 1.4 microm was used for MF of raw skim milk at a temperature of 6 +/- 1 degrees C. The processing conditions used were cross-flow velocities of 5 to 7 m/s, and transmembrane pressures of 52 to 131 kPa. All MF experiments were performed in triplicate. The permeate flux was determined gravimetrically. Microbiological, chemical, and somatic cell analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of MF on the composition of skim milk. The permeate flux increased drastically when velocity was increased from 5 to 7 m/s. The critical transmembrane pressure range conducive to maximum fluxes was 60 to 85 kPa. When MF was conducted under optimal conditions, very efficient removal of vegetative bacteria, spores, and somatic cells, as well as near complete transmission of proteins into the MF milk, was achieved. To further enhance the flux, a CO(2) backpulsing system was developed. This technique is able both to increase the flux and to maintain it steadily for an extended period of time. The CO(2)-aided cold MF process has the potential to become economically attractive to the dairy industry, with direct benefits for the quality and shelf life of dairy products.
Gasification Technologies: A Primer for Engineers and Scientists (2005)

Preface About the Authors PRINCIPLES OF GASIFICATION Introduction Historical Perspective and Commercialization Trends Gasification Principles Gasification vs. Combustion Stoichiometries and Thermodynamics Gasification Kinetics Biomass Gasification Petroleum Coke Gasification COAL GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES Introduction Coal Gasification Gasifier Configurations Entrained Flow Technologies Fluidized Bed Technologies Moving Bed Technologies Technology Suppliers Syngas Characteristics Gas Clean-Up Systems Technology Suppliers for Particulate Removal Comparison Between Technologies Guide to Commercial Experience BIOGASIFICATION Introduction Overview Technology Advantages General Applications Commercial Systems Contaminants Formation of Tars Ammonia Formation NOx Formation Sulfur Hydrogen Production from Biomass Recommended Resources PYROLYSIS Introduction Pyrolysis Principles Applications GAS CLEANUP TECHNOLOGIES Introduction Overview of Particulate Removal Technologies Particulate Collection Technologies Gas Conditioning Technologies Activated Carbon and Other Adsorber Systems Thermal Destructive Technologies Recommended Resources INTEGRATION OF GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES Introduction Role of Coal Gasification Gas Turbine Technologies Fuel Cell Technology Development Status Hybrid Systems Fuel Cell Technology and System Integration Gasification Technology Deployment and System Integration Issues Fuel Cell Technology Deployment Recommended Resources INDEX