gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effects of crosslinking byproducts on the electrical properties of low density polyethylene (2011)

Crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) is widely used for high voltage insulation in power transmission systems. However, it has been found that, after crosslinking with Dicumyl Peroxide (DCP), the crosslinking byproducts such as acetophenone, ?-methylstyrene and cumyl alcohol have a significant influence on electrical properties of XLPE power cables. This thesis distinguished the individual contribution of the crosslinking byproducts on space charge formation, dielectric properties, dc conductivity as well as the ac breakdown strength. Percentage weight increases as well as the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrum were used to monitor the chemical level in the soaked samples. Despite high concentration of byproducts in the LDPE film compared to practical, the measurement results have successfully reveal the contribution of each byproduct on the electrical properties. It should be noted that some consideration should be taken when taking the quantitative value from the result obtained. Space charge accumulation was measured using the pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) technique. Homocharges are observed in acetophenone and ?-methylstyrene soaked LDPE. Meanwhile heterocharge formed in cumyl alcohol soaked LDPE. From the charge decay profile in dc condition, these chemicals are observed to assist the transportation of the charges in the sample bulk due to shallow traps from the byproducts. These shallow traps assist the trapping process into deep traps when ac field is applied to the byproduct soaked LDPE. As a result, more charges trapped in deep traps were found in soaked LDPE compared to clean LDPE. In addition, from the space charge measurement in ac condition, it is proved that the amount of charge trapped in deep traps also depends on the population of shallow traps in the polymer which is contradicted to the literature where the byproducts are normally associated to the deep traps. Permittivity values of acetophenone, ?-methylstyrene soaked LDPE and cumyl alcohol are slightly higher than permittivity value of the clean untreated LDPE. Cumyl alcohol soaked LDPE has higher dielectric loss at lower frequency due to Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars polarisation as well as space charge polarisation effect. In contrast, acetophenone does not change the dielectric loss value and ?-methylstyrene gives very little effect. These byproducts have very high dc conductivity values. It is also proposed that the chemicals provide shallow traps that aid the charge movement and this is consistent with the mobility values that calculated from the conduction current result. The ac breakdown results however show no significant difference from the breakdown strength of clean LDPE. Based on ac space charge results and ac breakdown test results, it is concluded that the byproducts have little effects in ac condition
Learning based automatic head detection and measurement from fetal ultrasound images via prior knowledge and imaging parameters (2013)

A novel learning based automatic method is proposed to detect the fetal head for the measurement of head circumference from ultrasound images. We first exploit the AdaBoost learning method to train the classifier on Haar-like features and then, for the first time, we propose to use prior knowledge and online imaging parameters to guide the sliding window based head detection from ultrasound images. This approach can significantly improve both detection rate and speed. The boundary of the head in the localized region is further detected using a local phase based method, which is insensitive to speckle noises and intensity changes in ultrasound images. Finally iterative randomized Hough transform (IRHT) is employed to determine an ellipse on the head contour. Experiments performed on 675 images (500 for classifier training and 175 for measurement) showed that mean-signed difference between automatic and manual measurements is 2.86 mm (1.6%). The statistical analysis further indicated that there was no significant difference between these two measurements. These results demonstrated the proposed fully automatic framework can be used as a consistent and accurate tool in clinical practice.
Poverty and the business cycle: The role of intra-household distribution of unemployment (2011)

Changes in macroeconomic conditions can have a substantial effect on the economic
circumstances of low-income households. Conventional wisdom predicts that changes in
unemployment, inflation and, in more general terms, economic growth can produce significant
changes in a country�s income distribution. In general, economic downturns are associated with
increases in inequality and poverty while periods of strong aggregate growth are supposed to
contribute to reduce the share of poor individuals in the total population. Using panel data on
Spanish regions we estimate a System GMM model in order to estimate these relationships. Our
results show that both unemployment and inflation are significant variables in order to explain the
evolution of poverty in Spain. More precisely, unemployment has a positive and significant impact
on extreme poverty, while inflation has a negative and significant impact on extreme poverty.
Among the three specified unemployment variables, the aggregate rate of unemployment has the
lowest coefficient, while the percentage of households where all active members are unemployed
has the highest coefficient. Moreover, we find that the alternative estimation procedures exhibit
largely biased estimates, which call our attention to the importance of considering a suitable
estimation method.
Presence of the vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter in GABAergic and glycinergic synaptic terminal boutons (1999)

The characterization of the Caenorhabditis elegans unc-47 gene recently allowed the identification of a mammalian (gamma)-amino butyric acid (GABA) transporter, presumed to be located in the synaptic vesicle membrane. In situ hybridization data in rat brain suggested that it might also take up glycine and thus represent a general Vesicular Inhibitory Amino Acid Transporter (VIAAT). In the present study, we have investigated the localization of VIAAT in neurons by using a polyclonal antibody raised against the hydrophilic N-terminal domain of the protein. Light microscopy and immunocytochemistry in primary cultures or tissue sections of the rat spinal cord revealed that VIAAT was localized in a subset (63-65%) of synaptophysin-immunoreactive terminal boutons; among the VIAAT-positive terminals around motoneuronal somata, 32.9% of them were also immunoreactive for GAD65, a marker of GABAergic presynaptic endings. Labelling was also found apposed to clusters positive for the glycine receptor or for its associated protein gephyrin. At the ultrastructural level, VIAAT immunoreactivity was restricted to presynaptic boutons exhibiting classical inhibitory features and, within the boutons, concentrated over synaptic vesicle clusters. Pre-embedding detection of VIAAT followed by post-embedding detection of GABA or glycine on serial sections of the spinal cord or cerebellar cortex indicated that VIAAT was present in glycine-, GABA- or GABA- and glycine-containing boutons. Taken together, these data further support the view of a common vesicular transporter for these two inhibitory transmitters, which would be responsible for their costorage in the same synaptic vesicle and subsequent corelease at mixed GABA-and-glycine synapses.
Conjugate Gradient Method in Hilbert and Banach Spaces to Enhance the Spatial Resolution of Radiometer Data (2015)

In this paper, a new computer-time effective iterative method is proposed to enhance the spatial resolution of microwave radiometer data in both Hilbert and Banach spaces. The reconstruction method is based on the conjugate gradient (CG) method. CG is a well-known method in electromagnetics, where it is commonly used to address inverse problems in Hilbert spaces. However, the method has never been applied to inverse problems related to spatial resolution enhancement of microwave remotely sensed measurements. In this paper, CG is adapted to the microwave radiometer case and exploited to reconstruct the brightness field at enhanced spatial resolution. Then, CG is, for the first time, extended to Banach spaces by means of duality maps and then applied to enhance the radiometer spatial resolution. Experiments undertaken on both simulated and actual radiometer data confirm the soundness of the proposed approach in Banach spaces and demonstrate that CG is able to provide a reconstruction accuracy similar to the conventional Landweber method, but with a significantly reduced processing time.
Hexose phosphate synthase in trimethylamine-grown bacterium 2B2, a facultative methylotroph (1974)

Hexose phosphate synthase and hexulose phosphate isomerase activities were found in trimethylamine-grown bacterium 2B2, a facultative methylotroph. The activities were separated by column chromatography of cell extracts on DEAE-cellulose. Hexulose phosphate isomerase activity was measured spectrophotometrically by using the product of the hexose phosphate synthase reaction as substrate.
Super-resolution image reconstruction with reduced computational complexity (2009)

We have recently developed a model-based adaptive image reconstruction algorithm, called dTONE, which significantly increases both image contrast and resolution by conducting a global optimization based on a model of sparse hypothetical scatterer locations. Due to the large scale and O(n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ) computational complexity, images of clinically significant dimensions would require roughly 140,000 hours to reconstruct on a 3 GHz desktop computer. Here we describe an alternate algorithm - called quick TONE, or qTONE - that provides a significant reduction in computational cost with improved image contrast under the conditions tested. Both methods, along with conventional image reconstruction, were applied to tissue mimicking phantoms and excised animal tissue. For the model used, qTONE provided an 8x reduction in computation time and an 8 dB improvement in cystic contrast over the dTONE image. As the model dimensions increase, this computational advantage increases, bringing the application of this super-resolution algorithm closer to clinical feasibility.
The use of FFT techniques in physical geodesy (1990)

The fast Fourier transform (FFT) technique is a very powerful tool for the efficient evaluation of gravity field convolution integrals. It can handle heterogeneous and noisy data, and thus presents a very attractive alternative to the classical, time consuming approaches, provided gridded data are available. This paper reviews the mathematics of the FFT methods as well as their practical problems, and presents examples from physical geodesy where the application of these methods is especially advantageous. The spectral evaluation of Stokes', Vening Meinesz' and Molodensky's integrals, least-squares collocation in the frequency domain, integrals for terrain reductions and for airborne gravity gradiometry, and the computation of covariance and power spectral density functions are treated in detail. Numerical examples illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the FFT methods.
Uncloaking Terrorist Networks (2002)

This paper looks at mapping covert networks using data available from news sources on the World Wide Web. Specifically, we examine the network surrounding the tragic events of September 11th 2001. Through public data we are able to map a portion of the network centered on the 19 dead hijackers. This map gives us some insight into the terrorist organization, yet it is incomplete. Suggestions for further work and research are offered.
From chromatin to splicing: RNA-processing as a total artwork (2010)

RNA plays a central role in the determination of the phenotype of the cell. The molecular mechanisms involved in primary RNA synthesis and subsequent post-processing are not completely understood, but there is increasing evidence that they are more tightly coupled than previously expected. The analyses by a number of groups of recently published genome wide maps of chromatin structure have further uncovered a role for primary chromatin structure in RNA processing. Indeed, these analyses have revealed that nucleosomes show a characteristic occupancy pattern in exonic regions of metazoan genomes. The pattern is strongly indicative of an implication of nucleosome positioning in exon recognition during pre-mRNA splicing. Characteristic exonic patterns have also been observed for a number of histone modifications, suggesting the possibility that chromatin state plays a direct role in the regulation of splicing.
Heat Transfer (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeat TransferE. R. G. EckertCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1953, 45, 5, 951–956Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50521a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50521a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views237Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Palladium-catalyzed methylene C(sp<sup>3</sup>)–H arylation of the adamantyl scaffold (2015)

A palladium-catalyzed C(sp<sup>3</sup>)–H arylation of adamantane at the methylene position with the assistance of an amide group was developed.
Batch mode active learning and its application to medical image classification (2006)

The goal of active learning is to select the most informative examples for manual labeling. Most of the previous studies in active learning have focused on selecting a single unlabeled example in each iteration. This could be inefficient since the classification model has to be retrained for every labeled example. In this paper, we present a framework for "batch mode active learning" that applies the Fisher information matrix to select a number of informative examples simultaneously. The key computational challenge is how to efficiently identify the subset of unlabeled examples that can result in the largest reduction in the Fisher information. To resolve this challenge, we propose an efficient greedy algorithm that is based on the property of submodular functions. Our empirical studies with five UCI datasets and one real-world medical image classification show that the proposed batch mode active learning algorithm is more effective than the state-of-the-art algorithms for active learning.
Photochemical Grafting and Activation of Organic Layers on Glassy Carbon and Pyrolyzed Photoresist Films (2007)

Organic films have been grafted to polished glassy carbon (GC) and as-prepared pyrolyzed photoresist film (PPF) by photolysis of alkenes and an alkyne. The alkene or alkyne is spin-coated onto the carbon surface and photolyzed in air at 254 nm. Characterization by water contact angle measurements, depth profiling and surface roughness measurements using atomic force microscopy (AFM), and electrochemistry reveal that for most modifiers a loosely packed monolayer is grafted to the surface. Grafted layers of 1-decene were further reacted by drop-coating with oxalyl chloride and photolyzing at 254 nm in air. The procedure adds acid chloride groups to the film. Amines were attached to these films via amide bond formation, and were characterized by electrochemistry and assembly of citrate-capped gold nanoparticles. Amines were also coupled to photografted 1-undecylenic acid layers and to carboxyphenyl layers prepared by electroreduction of the corresponding diazonium salt. Quantitative analysis using electrochemistry established that the highest concentration of amines was attached to the oxalyl chloride treated film, and that a higher concentration of amines was attached via reaction with the photografted 1-undecylenic acid layer than the electrografted carboxyphenyl layer. Thus photografting and photoreaction with oxalyl chloride are simple methods for generating amine-reactive tethers on GC and PPF surfaces.
Blood Pressure, Pulse, and Neurohumoral Responses to Nitroprusside-Induced Hypotension in Normotensive Aging Men (1991)

In order to assess the effects of age on blood pressure, pulse, and neurohumoral responses to hypotensive stress, we infused nitroprusside into healthy young and old men until mean arterial blood pressure was reduced 20% from basal. Elderly subjects were much more sensitive to nitroprusside. Pulse increases in response to this hypotensive stress were markedly reduced in the elderly, but renin, vasopressin, and norepinephrine responses were not different between young and old. We conclude that cardioacceleration, one of the primary defenses against hypotension, is impaired with age. However, neurohumoral responses to hypotension are intact in the elderly.
Rubidium Frequency Standard for the GPS IIF program and modifications for the RAFSMOD Program (2008)

PerkinElmer provides the Rubidium Frequency Standards (RFS) for the Boeing Block IIF GPS navigation satellites. The PerkinElmer RFS-IIF is the latest generation of its high performance rubidium clocks which have performed very successfully on board the Block IIR GPS space vehicles for more than 10 years.
Uncleaved signals for glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchoring cause retention of precursor proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (1993)

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins are generally absent from the surface of cells that are defective in GPI biosynthesis. The current study was undertaken to: (a) examine in detail the intracellular localization and fate of precursors of GPI-anchored proteins in cells that fail to add GPI groups and (b) define structural characteristics of the precursor proteins that determine their intracellular localization. By examining GPI-deficient cells, we show that the uncleaved precursor of the GPI-anchored protein, Q7b, is retained in the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is largely lost intracellularly with a half-time of 2-4 h. Only a small amount (1-10%) of a proteolytically cleaved form of the protein is secreted into the medium. In cells competent for GPI anchor addition, mutation of the putative cleavage/attachment site for GPI addition in Q7b results in a similar phenotype of ER retention of the uncleaved precursor. An aspartic acid residue (Asp316) within the Q7b GPI anchoring signal, previously found to be essential for GPI anchor addition (Waneck, G. L., Stein, M. E., and Flavell, R. A. (1988) Science 241, 697-699), is also shown to be critical for ER retention. Information leading to ER retention is transferable to another protein leading to ER retention is transferable to another protein by fusion of the GPI anchoring signals from either Q7b or the GPI-anchored form of the IgG Fc receptor type III. Analysis by sedimentation on sucrose gradients shows that Q7b species retained in the ER are multimeric, whereas species that exit the ER are monomeric. This correlation suggests that the presence of an uncleaved signal for GPI anchoring induces changes in the aggregation state of the precursor proteins, which may lead to their retention in the ER.
A practical algorithm for exact array dependence analysis (1992)

article Free AccessA practical algorithm for exact array dependence analysis Author: William Pugh Univ. of Maryland, College Park Univ. of Maryland, College ParkView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 35Issue 801 August 1992pp 102–114https://doi.org/10.1145/135226.135233Published:01 August 1992Publication History 525citation1,491DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations525Total Downloads1,491Last 12 Months51Last 6 weeks8 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Older individuals have increased oro-nasal breathing during sleep (2004)

Breathing route during sleep has been studied very little, however, it has potential importance in the pathophysiology of sleep disordered breathing. Using overnight polysomnography, with separate nasal and oral thermocouple probes, data were obtained from 41 subjects (snorers and nonsnorers; 25 male and 16 female; aged 20-66 yrs). Awake, upright, inspiratory nasal resistance (Rn) was measured using posterior rhinomanometry. Each 30-s sleep epoch (not affected by apnoeas/hypopnoeas) was scored for presence of nasal and/or oral breathing. Overnight, seven subjects breathed nasally, one subject oro-nasally and the remainder switched between nasal and oro-nasal breathing. Oral-only breathing rarely occurred. Nasal breathing epochs were 55.79 (69.78) per cent of total sleep epochs (%TSE; median (interquartile range)), a value not significantly different to that for oro-nasal (TSE: 44.21 (68.66)%). Oro-nasal breathing was not related to snoring, sleep stage, posture, body mass index, height, weight, Rn (2.19 (1.77) cm H2O x L(-1) x sec(-1)) or sex, but was positively associated with age. Subjects > or = 40 yrs were approximately six times more likely than younger subjects to spend >50% of sleep epochs utilising oro-nasal breathing. Ageing is associated with an increasing occurrence of oro-nasal breathing during sleep.
J2EE Performance and Scalability - From Measuring to Predicting (2006)

Abstract — J2EE applications are becoming increasingly ubiquitous and with their increasing adoption, performance and scalability issues are gaining in importance. For a J2EE application to perform well and be scalable, both the platform on which it is built and the application design must be efficient and scalable. Industry-standard benchmarks such as the SPECjAppServer set of benchmarks help to evaluate the performance and scalability of alternative platforms for J2EE applications, however, they cannot be used to evaluate the performance and scalability of concrete applications built on the selected platforms. In this paper, we present a systematic approach for evaluating and predicting the performance and scalability of J2EE applications based on modeling and simulation. The approach helps to identify and eliminate bottlenecks in the application design and ensure that systems are designed and sized to meet their quality of service requirements. We introduce our approach by showing how it can be applied to the SPECjAppServer2004 benchmark which is used as a representative J2EE application. A detailed model of a SPECjAppServer2004 deployment is built in a step-by-step fashion and then used to predict the behavior of the system under load. The approach is validated by comparing model predictions against measurements on the real system. Index Terms — Performance modeling and prediction, software verification, performance evaluation, distributed systems