gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of <i>rpoB</i> Mutations Associated with Rifampin Resistance in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Using Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (2005)

Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was used to probe for mutations associated with rifampin (RIF) resistance in the rpoB gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. DGGE scans for mutations across large regions of DNA and is comparable to DNA sequencing in detecting DNA alterations. Specific mutations are often recognized by their characteristic denaturation pattern, which serves as a molecular fingerprint. Five DGGE primer sets that scanned for DNA alterations across 775 bp of rpoB were developed. These primer sets were used to scan rpoB for DNA alterations in 296 M. tuberculosis patient isolates from the United States-Mexico border states of Texas and Tamaulipas. The most useful primer set scanned for mutations in the rifampin resistance-determining region (RRDR) and detected mutations in 95% of the RIF-resistant isolates compared to 2% of RIF-susceptible isolates. Thirty-four different alterations were observed within the RRDR by DGGE. In addition, isolates harboring mixtures of DNA within rpoB were readily detected by DGGE. A second PCR primer set was used to detect the V146A mutation in 5 to 7% of RIF-resistant isolates. A third primer set was used to detect mutations in 3% of RIF-resistant isolates, some of which also harbored mutations in the RRDR. Only 1 of 153 RIF-resistant isolates did not have a detectable rpoB mutation as determined by DGGE and DNA sequencing. These results demonstrate the power and usefulness of DGGE in detecting mutations associated with drug resistance in M. tuberculosis.
Core Modifiedmeso-Aryl Corrole: First Examples of CuII, NiII, CoII and RhI Complexes (2000)

A variety of metal complexes of 5,10,15-triphenyl-21-monooxa-corrole 4 have been investigated. This monooxa corrole, where one of the pyrrole ring is replaced by a furan moiety, is synthesized by the alpha-alpha coupling reaction of 16-oxa tripyrrane and dipyrromethane. The single crystal X-ray structure of 4 indicates only small deviation of the inner-core heteroatoms from planarity and this macrocycle arrange themselves into a columnar structure. Insertion of metals further flattens the corrole framework. Specifically, oxacorrole 4 binds to Nil(II), Cu(II), and Co(II) with the participation of all heteroatoms in the coordination. However, Rh(I) ion binds to only one imino and one amino nitrogen of the macrocycle. The bond angles at the metal center in the Ni(II) and Rh(I) complexes reveal square planar geometry completed by two CO molecules for Rh(I). The EPR spectra of the paramagnetic that Cu(II) and Col(II) complexes display significant decreases in the metal hyperfine couplings compared with the corresponding porphyrin complexes. The presence of superhyperfine coupling in the Cu(II) complex suggests delocalization of unpaired electron density into the ligand orbitals. Electrochemical studies reveal easier oxidations and harder reductions relative to the corresponding porphyrin derivatives while, the metallated derivatives did not show their characteristic metal reductions due to the high energy of their LUMO.
MECHANISM OF SPECIFIC CUTTING RESISTANCE AND STEADY EXCAVATING FORCE FOR WEAK ROCK MASS (1990)

The mechanisms of two-dimensional specific cutting resistance and steady excavating force for weak rock mass have been analysed by means of the failure criterion of rock materials. As the results, the specific cutting resistance could be estimated by Eqs. (11), (12) from the unconfined compressive strength, radial compressive strength, assuming that the shear failure develops on the whole linear slippage line on which the normal stress distributes to the power of 0.30 and the steady excavating force could be estimated by Eq. (28) from the unconfined and radial compressive strength, assuming that the shear failure develops on the logarithmic spiral and linear line on which the normal stress distributes to the power of 1.79. The steady cutting force could be expressed by the function of specific cutting resistance, depth of excavation and rake angle of the blade.
Pyruvate Released by Astrocytes Protects Neurons from Copper-Catalyzed Cysteine Neurotoxicity (2001)

We have found previously that astrocytes can provide cysteine to neurons. However, cysteine has been reported to be neurotoxic although it plays a pivotal role in regulating intracellular levels of glutathione, the major cellular antioxidant. Here, we show that cysteine toxicity is a result of hydroxyl radicals generated during cysteine autoxidation. Transition metal ions are candidates to catalyze this process. Copper substantially accelerates the autoxidation rate of cysteine even at submicromolar levels, whereas iron and other transition metal ions, including manganese, chromium, and zinc, are less efficient. The autoxidation rate of cysteine in rat CSF is equal to that observed in the presence of approximately 0.2 microm copper. In tissue culture tests, we found that cysteine toxicity depends highly on its autoxidation rate and on the total amount of cysteine being oxidized, suggesting that the toxicity can be attributed to the free radicals produced from cysteine autoxidation, but not to cysteine itself. We have also explored the in vivo mechanisms that protect against cysteine toxicity. Catalase and pyruvate were each found to inhibit the production of hydroxyl radicals generated by cysteine autoxidation. In tissue culture, they both protected primary neurons against cysteine toxicity catalyzed by copper. This protection is attributed to their ability to react with hydrogen peroxide, preventing the formation of hydroxyl radicals. Pyruvate, but not catalase or glutathione peroxidase, was detected in astrocyte-conditioned medium and CSF. Our data therefore suggest that astrocytes can prevent cysteine toxicity by releasing pyruvate.
Stable carbocations. 230. 2,5-Diphenyl-2,5-norbornyl dications (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStable carbocations. 230. 2,5-Diphenyl-2,5-norbornyl dicationsGeorge A. Olah, G. K. Surya Prakash, and Tarik N. RawdahCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 19, 6127–6130Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00539a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00539a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electric conduction phenomena and carrier mobility behavior in dielectric fluid with dissolved impurities (1978)

Electric conduction phenomena and carrier mobility behavior in mineral base electrical insulating oil and various synthetic base dielectric fluids have been investigated in the low voltage region and compared with the data for these fluids containing such impurities as antioxidant, W/0 type surface active agent, etc. It was shown that the carrier mobility of fluids with industrial purity seems to obey Walden's rule while the fluids with artificial impurities show some ionic conduction behavior and their carrier mobilities seem not necessarily governed by Walden's rule, depending on the type of the fluids and the impurities. Thus, it would appear advisable that the electrical behavior of the artificial impurities in the dielectric fluids should be dealt with apart from that of the natural impuritiy.
Self Portrait After Francis Bacon (2017)

The poem is a memento mori that uses imagery from the contents of the speaker’s refrigerator to confront the physical body and the self.
Tissue Triage and Freezing for Models of Skeletal Muscle Disease (2014)

Skeletal muscle is a unique tissue because of its structure and function, which requires specific protocols for tissue collection to obtain optimal results from functional, cellular, molecular, and pathological evaluations. Due to the subtlety of some pathological abnormalities seen in congenital muscle disorders and the potential for fixation to interfere with the recognition of these features, pathological evaluation of frozen muscle is preferable to fixed muscle when evaluating skeletal muscle for congenital muscle disease. Additionally, the potential to produce severe freezing artifacts in muscle requires specific precautions when freezing skeletal muscle for histological examination that are not commonly used when freezing other tissues. This manuscript describes a protocol for rapid freezing of skeletal muscle using isopentane (2-methylbutane) cooled with liquid nitrogen to preserve optimal skeletal muscle morphology. This procedure is also effective for freezing tissue intended for genetic or protein expression studies. Furthermore, we have integrated our freezing protocol into a broader procedure that also describes preferred methods for the short term triage of tissue for (1) single fiber functional studies and (2) myoblast cell culture, with a focus on the minimum effort necessary to collect tissue and transport it to specialized research or reference labs to complete these studies. Overall, this manuscript provides an outline of how fresh tissue can be effectively distributed for a variety of phenotypic studies and thereby provides standard operating procedures (SOPs) for pathological studies related to congenital muscle disease.
Mechanistic Investigation of the Domino Oxy-Cope/Ene/Claisen Reaction and Its Application to the Synthesis of Desdimethyl Ambliol B (2012)

We report an efficient and highly diastereoselective oxy-Cope/ene/Claisen reaction for the synthesis of decalin frameworks possessing four contiguous stereogenic centers. A detailed mechanistic investigation and its application to a short and protecting group free synthesis of desdimethyl ambliol B are presented.
ROMP-Derived Oligomeric Phosphates for Application in Facile Benzylation (2010)

The development of new ROMP-based oligomeric benzyl phosphates (OBP(n)) is reported for use as soluble, stable benzylating reagents. These oligomeric reagents are readily synthesized from commercially available materials and conveniently polymerized and purified in a one-pot process, affording bench-stable, pure white, free-flowing solids on multigram scale. Utilization in benzylation reactions with a variety of nucleophiles is reported.
N,N‐Dialkyl (N′‐Chlorosulfonyl)chloroformamidines in Heterocyclic Synthesis. Part 1. The Preparation of [1,2,3,5]Thiatriazole and [1,3,2,4]Oxathiadiazole Derivatives. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Aerosol Vaccination with a Sendai Virus Temperature-Sensitive Mutant (HVJ-pB) Derived from Persistently Infected Cells (1990)

Experimental infections of mice with a Sendai virus temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant (HVJ-pB) were studied. Infection with the ts mutant induced the priming effect of interferon production and both humoral and cellular immune responses, although the ts mutant virus neither multiplied satisfactorily in the respiratory tracts of mice nor caused appreciable histopathologic lesions. Inoculation with the ts mutant protected mice from subsequent challenge with a parental wild-type virus. The efficacy of this protection began as little as 1 day after vaccination and continued for at least 12 weeks. It is suggested that serum antibodies were efficacious in the nasal turbinates, while specific immune spleen cells act more protectively in the lungs.
Bearings-only sensor scheduling using circular statistics (2013)

In this paper, we introduce a novel approach for scheduled tracking of a moving target based on bearings-only sensors. Unlike classical approaches that are typically based on the extended or unscented Kalman filter, we rely on circular statistics to describe probability distributions for angular measurements more accurately. As the energy available to sensors is limited in many scenarios, we introduce a scheduling algorithm that selects a subset of two sensors to be active at any given time step while minimizing the uncertainty of the state estimate. This is done by anticipating possible future measurements. We evaluate the proposed method in simulations and compare it to an UKF-based solution. Our evaluation demonstrates the superiority of the presented approach, particularly when high measurement uncertainty makes consideration of the circular geometry necessary.
Physical modifications of propylene/ethylene–propylen–diene–monomer rubber surfaces. I. Determination of surface composition and surface order by fourier transform infrared–attenuated total reflectance (1993)

Abstract The aim of this study was to introduce a new method for determining the surface composition and surface order of PP/EPDM (propylene/ethylene–diene–monomer rubber) blends, based on surface‐enhanced infrared spectroscopy. PP/EPDM blends were characterized by Fourier transfer IR–attentuated total reflectance (FTIR‐ATR) using two different internal reflection elements, Ge and KRS‐5. These elements provide information at different depths and show differences in relative band intensities. A linear relationship between the ratio of the bands at 2850 and 2920 cm −1 EPDM content was obtained when well‐defined compositions of PP and EPDM mixtures were used. Changes in crystallinity were measured by the ratio of the bands at 2959 and 2951 cm −1 . For comparison, bands in the lower region of the spectrum and DSC and WAXS measurments were used. It was shown by two calibration methods that FTIR‐ATR can provide information on surface composition and surface crystallinity at very low penetration depths. This new method indicates that injection‐molded sample show a lower surface order and lower EPDM content at the surface than is seen in bulk. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Using Composite Materials in a Cryogenic Pump (2008)

Several modifications have been made to the design and operation of an extended-shaft cryogenic pump to increase the efficiency of pumping. In general, the efficiency of pumping a cryogenic fluid is limited by thermal losses which is itself caused by pump inefficiency and leakage of heat through the pump structure. A typical cryogenic pump includes a drive shaft and two main concentric static components (an outer pressure containment tube and an intermediate static support tube) made from stainless steel. The modifications made include replacement of the stainless-steel drive shaft and the concentric static stainless-steel components with components made of a glass/epoxy composite. The leakage of heat is thus reduced because the thermal conductivity of the composite is an order of magnitude below that of stainless steel. Taking advantage of the margin afforded by the decrease in thermal conductivity, the drive shaft could be shortened to increase its effective stiffness, thereby increasing the rotordynamic critical speeds, thereby further making it possible to operate the pump at a higher speed to increase pumping efficiency. During the modification effort, an analysis revealed that substitution of the shorter glass/epoxy shaft for the longer stainless-steel shaft was not, by itself, sufficient to satisfy the rotordynamic requirements at the desired increased speed. Hence, it became necessary to increase the stiffness of the composite shaft. This stiffening was accomplished by means of a carbon-fiber-composite overwrap along most of the length of the shaft. Concomitantly with the modifications described thus far, it was necessary to provide for joining the composite-material components with metallic components required by different aspects of the pump design. An adhesive material formulated specially to bond the composite and metal components was chosen as a means to satisfy these requirements.
The Race for Visibility and Value (2013)

We the members of the Editorial team of Indian Journal of Microbiology (INJM) are extremely thankful to all those who believe in the values of this journal. This is evident from the fact that quite a few of you have published your quality work with us. In the present scenario, the value of the work is judged from the citations it receives, which happens with time only. However, at the time of publication, people judge the quality of the work from the impact factor (IF) of the journal, where your precious work has been published. Now, this race to get recognized through IF is getting fierce. We are left with hardly any option but to participate in it and run, that too very fast lest we are left behind among the muck. It is important to move forward and get recognized. It’s time to have a few wins among your precious possessions. IF of INJM for 2012 will be declared very soon in June/July 2013. Since it will be based on the papers published in 2010 and 2011 but cited in 2012, there is little which we can do now. We will be facing the reality and hoping for the best to achieve a respectable IF. Our hopes are quite high in view of the fact that there are quite a few papers which have been cited in Journals of high IF, such as—Nature Reviews Microbiology, Biotechnology Advances, Current Opinion in Biotechnology, Critical Reviews in Environmental Science, FEMS Microbiology, Infection and Immunity, ISME Journal, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Bioresource Technology, PLoS One, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, etc. We must acknowledge the authors of these contributions, which have taken INJM to a higher platform and improved it visibility among the researchers worldwide. It also gives confidence to those who hesitate to publish their prestigious and important works in INJM, fearing that these may go unnoticed. With around 6,500 subscribers and 3,400 Life members of AMI going through these articles, INJM is as good as an “Open Access” journal. Since we have already seen Vol. 53(1) of INJM in March 2013, so in our own interest, we need to act in a focused manner. To enhance the visibility of our work we need to cite our present work (published in INJM) in our subsequent publications (in journals other than INJM) but to get it recognized (enhanced IF of INJM) we need to cite papers (of other authors, self citation will not prove effective) preferably from INJM published in 2011, 2012, 2013 and from Online First papers as well. INJM Vol. 53(2) is in your hands and you can expect the rest to follow soon. We very strongly believe that you will be submitting your innovative and novel works in future as well and the citations of your work will help us improve the status and image of INJM.
Flow cytometric evaluation of Fas expression in relation to response and resistance to anthracyclines in leukemic cells (2000)

BACKGROUND Cell chemosensitivity to cytotoxic drugs has been attributed to their ability to trigger apoptosis. The emergence of resistance in drug-exposed cells is often characterized by the appearance of drug efflux mechanisms including P-gp transport. Nevertheless, mdr1 expression may coexist with other resistance features, in particular those interfering with apoptotic signaling pathways. METHODS Leukemic cell lines cultured in a progressively toxic environment were analyzed for Fas and P-gp expression by immunostaining and flow cytometry. Their mdr1 mRNA expression level was determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and their apoptotic response was microscopically evaluated. Activation of the Fas pathway was obtained by cross-linking the Fas receptor with the 7C11 anti-Fas agonist. RESULTS We demonstrate a dose-dependent Fas overexpression after short-term (18 h) incubation with daunorubicin. The subsequent sensitization to Fas activators led to a significant increase in the apoptotic response induced by 7C11. After long-term exposure to daunorubicin and acquisition of drug resistance, expression of P-gp was accompanied by a decrease in the number of Fas sites at the cell surface with a correlated desensitization to Fas-induced apoptosis. Additional alterations in the Fas signaling pathway can also be hypothesized in the most resistant Jurkat cell line. CONCLUSIONS The induction of Fas expression could be one of the mechanisms of action of chemotoxic drugs and thus might enhance the cell susceptibility to Fas-mediated apoptosis. On the contrary, the emergence of the multidrug resistance phenotype is associated with a down-regulation of Fas expression and possible defects in the Fas signaling pathway. Cytometry 39:195–202, 2000 © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Magnetic Photocatalyst for Natural Organic Matter Oxidation (2008)

Titanium dioxide (TiO{2}) mediated photocatalytic oxidation is very effective in removing various organic pollutants from water. Magnetic photo catalyst, in particular, has the advantage of fast and easy recovery by the application of an external magnetic field, while retaining a high surface area to volume ratio for enhanced mixing. Engineered design of magnetic photo catalyst with the aim of lowering the production cost, and application of the photo catalyst to real water pollutant is demonstrated herein. Magnetite cores with high magnetic susceptibility were obtained from a commercial supplier and coated with an ultra thin silica insulation layer (5 nm) prepared from sodium silicate precursor, followed by a coating of crystalline TiO{2}. The composite nanoparticles were characterised by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, zeta potential measurements, specific surface area analysis, and chemical stability test. The asprepared photo catalyst shows activity in the oxidation of Natural Organic Matter, a complex water pollutant associated with biofouling and the formation of disinfection by-products in chlorinated water.
L’Hôpital espagnol en 1703 (1913)

Klein Henri. L’Hôpital espagnol en 1703. In: Les Feuillets d'El-Djezaïr, volume 6, 1913. Les rues de l'ancien et du nouvel Alger – L'esclavage européen. p. 88.
TOWARDS A GLOBAL, ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION OF PAVEMENT MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES IN FRANCE (2003)

This work takes places in the context of the creation of a new research team at LCPC, performing studies in the field of sustainable development applied to roads. The present on-going projects - a recycling road works using hot-mix reclaimed asphalt pavement and a data base on material recycling in roads - are leading to the collection of significant environmental data. These projects also include the application of LCA methodology to roads, and display a territorial approach. Finally the research work is focused on a modular analysis of road infrastructures, which should be extended in the future to both economical and social spheres. For the covering abstract see ITRD E135448.