gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma and interdigitating reticulum cell sarcoma: A review (1998)

Neoplasms of reticular dendritic origin are extremely rare and include the follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) and the interdigitating reticulum (or dendritic) cell sarcoma (IDCS). In this article, we review the literature pertaining to the two diseases and describe clinical observations and salient pathologic features, including information provided by authors of FDCS and IDDCS reports. We performed a computerized database search for published articles regarding FDCS and IDDCS. The articles were evaluated critically by the authors. Simple descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. There are 51 cases of FDCS and 21 cases of IDDCS that are well documented in the literature. The pathologic diagnosis of FDCS and IDDCS is often challenging and requires morphologic, immunophenotypic, cytochemical, and electron-microscopic analysis. Patients with FDCS usually present with cervical or axillary lymphadenopathy, but extranodal disease has been described. In at least some patients, preexisting Castleman's disease has been recognized. Resected localized disease may be prevented from recurrence by consolidative radiotherapy. Chemotherapy regimens have shown nondurable antitumor activity in FDCS. Patients with IDDCS usually present with lymphadenopathy. The clinical course of IDDCS has been variable, but it seems to be more aggressive than that of FDCS. Variable degrees of remission may be achieved with chemotherapy. FDCS and IDDCS are rare neoplasms that may pose difficulty in pathologic diagnosis. IDDCS seems to display a more aggressive behavior than FDCS. Patients with IDDCS and FDCS can eventually die of disease progression. The role of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is not clearly defined. Am. J. Hematol. 59:161–167, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Quantitative Analysis ofInduction MotorPerformance Improvement bySCRVoltage Control (1983)

Minimum input powerandmaximumefficiency opera- tionoccuratcharacteristic slip values whichcanberealized forany induction motoroperating atpartloadbyproperly adjusting the amplitude oftheapplied stator terminal voltages. Thesetwocriteria areshowntoyield perceptibly different results whenthemotoris driven fromasilicon-controlled rectifier (SCR)voltage controller. In addition, itisdemonstrated thataconstant powerfactor controller results inanoperating regime whichissubstantially poorer than operation ateither minimuminput powerormaximumefficiency. Itis further shownthatminimumstator current andminimumpower factor angle criteria yield results whicharecloser totheideal thanthe constant powerfactor controller.
Using Wikipedia for Automatic Word Sense Disambiguation (2007)

This paper describes a method for generating sense-tagged data using Wikipedia as a source of sense annotations. Through word sense disambiguation experiments, we show that the Wikipedia-based sense annotations are reliable and can be used to construct accurate sense classifiers.
The "spindle-shaped" body in fibroblasts: intracellular collagen fibrils. (1981)

The "spindle-shaped" or "fusiform" bodies of fibroblasts are membrane-bound collagen fibrils. These cellular organelles, also described in the literature as rods or cigars, can be induced massively in chick embryo fibroblasts by treatment with colchicine in vinblastine. These alkaloids also induce massively the presence of non-striated fibrils, segment long-spacing (SLS) and fibrous long-spacing (FLS) crystallites in cytoplasmic vacuoles. The intracellular fibrillar structures described within the cytoplasmic vacuoles suggest the occurrence of tropocollagen interconversions, indication that under the experimental conditions used in this work some procollagen is processed intracellularly. Our findings may represent the first step of autophagocytosis of collagenous products when the secretory process is blocked. It is possible that these agents, by blocking secretion, magnify a normal process, and that under normal conditions a population of procollagen molecules may be processed intracellularly, thus contributing to the process of fibrillogenesis.
Configuration entropy of the alanine dipeptide in vacuum and in solution: a molecular dynamics study (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConfiguration entropy of the alanine dipeptide in vacuum and in solution: a molecular dynamics studyJohn Brady and Martin KarplusCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 21, 6103–6105Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00307a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00307a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views272Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Experimental verification of quantum discord in continuous-variable states and operational significance of discord consumption (2014)

We introduce a simple and efficient technique to verify quantum discord in unknown Gaussian states and certain class of non-Gaussian states. We show that any separation in the peaks of the marginal distributions of one subsystem conditioned on two different outcomes of homodyne measurements performed on the other subsystem indicates correlation between the corresponding quadratures and hence nonzero quantum discord. We also demonstrate that under certain measurement constraints, discord between bipartite systems can be consumed to encode information that can only be accessed by coherent quantum interaction.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS WITH LEAD TETRAACETATE. PART 39. TOTAL SYNTHESES OF DL‐MESEMBRINE, DL‐DIHYDROMARITIDINE, AND DL‐EPI‐DIHYDROMARITIDINE VIA REGIOSELECTIVE SODIUM BOROHYDRIDE‐PROTON REDUCTION OF IMIDES (1978)

Abstract Reaktion der Succinimide (Ia) bzw. (Ib) mit dem Iodbutin (II) ergibt die Derivate (IIIa) bzw. (IIIb), deren NaBH 4 /H ‐ Reduktion neben den Epimerengemischen der Alkohole (IVa) bzw. (IVb) regioselektiv′ die Epimerengemische der Alkohole (Va) bzw. (Vb) liefert.
<title>Statistical analyses of nuclear waste level measurements to estimate retained gas volumes</title> (1999)

The Hanford site is home to 177 large, underground nuclear waste storage tanks. Numerous safety and environmental concerns around these tanks and their contents. One such concern is the propensity for the waste in these tanks to generate and retain flammable gases. The surface level of the waste in these tanks is routinely monitored to assess whether the tanks are leaking. For some of the tanks, the waste surface level measurements synchronously fluctuated with atmospheric pressure changes. The current best explanation for these synchronous fluctuations is that the waste contains gas-phase material that changes volume in response to the atmospheric pressure changes. This paper describes: (1) The exploratory data analysis that led to the discovery of the phenomena; (2) A physical mode based on the ideal gas law that explains the phenomena. Additionally, the model allows one to obtain estimates of the retained gas volume in the tank waste; (3) A statistical procedure for detecting retained gas based on the physical model and tank surface level measurements; and (4) A Kalman filter model for analyzing the dynamics of retained gas. It's also shown how the filter can be used to detect abrupt changes in the system.
50-nm self-aligned-gate pseudomorphic AlInAs/GaInAs high electron mobility transistors (1992)

The design and fabrication of a class of 50-nm self-aligned-gate pseudomorphic AlInAs/GaInAs high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with potential for ultra-high-frequency and ultra-low-noise applications are reported. These devices exhibit an extrinsic transconductance of 1740 mS/mm and an extrinsic current-gain cutoff frequency of 340 GHz at room temperature. The small-signal characteristics of a pseudomorphic and a lattice-matched AlInAs/GaInAs HEMT with similar gate length (50 nm) and gate-to-channel separation (17.5 nm) are compared. The former demonstrates a 16% higher transconductance and a 15% higher current-gain cutoff frequency, but exhibits a 38% poorer output conductance. An analysis of the high-field transport properties of ultra-short gate-length AlInAs/GaInAs HEMTs shows that a reduction of gate length from 150 to 50 nm neither enhances nor reduces their average velocity. In contrast, the addition of indium from 53% to 80% improves this parameter by 19%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Molecular Stability of he Philly (α<sub>2</sub>β<sub>2</sub><sup>35 (C1) Tyr → Phe</sup>) (1981)

The molecular stability of Hb Philly (alpha 2 beta 2 35(Cl) Tyr leads to Phe) with different ligand states was compared with that of Hb A and Hb S using mechanical shaking and heat stability tests. The rates of mechanical denaturation of the oxy-forms of these hemoglobins decreased in the order of Hb S, Hb Philly, and Hb A, with relative ratios of 9.5: 5.6: 1.0. Upon oxidation to the met-forms, Hb Philly became mechanically most unstable, with ratios of 13.3: 23.0: 1.8, respectively. The deoxy-forms, of Hb A and Hb S were very stable, while that of Hb Philly was as unstable as the oxy-form. The addition of inositol hexaphosphate (IHP) to deoxy-Hb Philly stabilized the molecules. Since IHP restores the cooperative oxygen binding of Hp Philly, deoxy-Hb Philly appears to combine with IHP to change the quaternary structure required for cooperative oxygen binding and for stabilization of the molecule.
Neutralization of Recombinant Hirudin: Some Practical Considerations (1991)

The developments in the area of glycosaminoglycan derived drugs can be summarized in the following: 1. Currently available glycosaminoglycan-derived drugs represent a first generation of clinically useful agents. At present these agents are not optimized and their basic and clinical pharmacology is poorly understood. 2. Most of these agents represent mixtures of different types of glycosaminoglycans. They can be purified to isolate their active components and perhaps many new drugs may be developed from the existing products. 3. Chemical derivatization and fractionation methods can be used to obtain more defined products. These products will be developed for specific clinical indications. 4. Each glycosaminoglycan derived product should be considered as an individual drug and should be developed separately. 5. Many semisynthetic and synthetic analogs of glycosaminoglycans will be introduced for various clinical indications.
Measurement of the superconducting energy gap in La-Ba-Cu oxide and La-Sr-Cu oxide (1987)

We report on far-infrared (FIR) reflectivity measurements on sintered pressed powder samples of La-Ba-Cu oxide and La-Sr-Cu oxide. The best samples show fairly sharp transitions to zero measurable resistance with a transition midpoint of 28 K for the Ba alloy and 36 K for the Sr alloy. The FIR measurements reveal an energy gap below ${T}_{c}$ with, depending on the measurement criterion used, values of 2\ensuremath{\Delta}/${k}_{B}$${T}_{c}$ of 1.3--1.95 for La-Ba-Cu oxide and 1.6--2.7 for La-Sr-Cu oxide, which are lower than expected for a BCS superconductor.
Modelling of cardiovascular response to graded orthostatic stress: role of capillary filtration (2011)

The feasibility of subject-specific simulations of cardiovascular response to orthostatic stress was demonstrated, providing stronger evidence that capillary filtration is a prominent mechanism in causing orthostatic intolerance. These results may have clinical and spaceflight applications.
Fluid‐driven multiple fracture growth from a permeable bedding plane intersected by an ascending hydraulic fracture (2012)

In bedded sedimentary rocks, the energy for spontaneous growth of multiple vertical fractures from a bedding plane may be provided by an overpressurized sublayer fracture that connects a fluid source to the bedding plane. In this paper, using our coupled deformation and flow model, we study the processes and mechanisms involved in the formation and interaction of closely space fractures from preexisting flaws or starter fractures located along the bedding plane. Fracture growth from multiple flaws can be convergent, parallel or divergent, depending on the factors like contrasts in moduli and far‐field stresses, flaw sizes and locations, and initial bed conductivity, fluid viscosity, and injection rate, as well as time. The results presented here have been obtained for conditions where fluid viscous dissipation is dominant, in contrast to other results available in literature based on uniform pressure assumption equivalent to use of an inviscid fluid. It is demonstrated that the earlier a hydraulic fracture starts to extend, the more likely it is to become the primary fracture in a system of closely spaced fractures. The fracture closest to the fluid source typically grows faster as a result of a higher pressure level because viscous dissipation results in a decrease in pressure with distance from the fluid source. But its development does not completely inhibit the growth of other hydraulic fractures. Simultaneous growth of closely spaced fractures is supported by the local stress and energetic analyses, and the fracture distance can be very small. Their length to spacing ratio is accordingly much larger than that predicted previously. Under certain circumstances, a longer and more permeable fracture may grow to a greater extent than a shorter fracture closer to the fluid source, which may grow toward and merge with the longer fracture to create fracture clusters adjacent to a bedding plane.
Broad-band wavelength conversion based on cross-gain modulation and four-wave mixing in InAs-InP quantum-dash semiconductor optical amplifiers operating at 1550 nm (2003)

Wavelength conversion based on four-wave mixing (FWM) and cross-gain modulation (XGM) is experimentally demonstrated for the first time in a 1550-nm InAs-InP quantum-dash semiconductor optical amplifier. Continuous-wave FWM with a symmetric conversion efficiency dependence on detuning direction and FWM mediated short-pulse wavelength conversion are demonstrated. Using XGM, we have successfully implemented short-pulse wavelength conversion over 10 THz and error-free data conversion of a 2.5-Gb/s data sequence over 7.5 THz. The pulsed XGM experiments suggest that adjacent regions within an inhomogeneously broadened gain spectrum are partially coupled which increases the operational bandwidth, but at the expense of speed.
Ion trap collisional activation: Shake and bake (1994)

The goal of this study is the development of a theoretical model for ion trap collisional activation (CA) which enables the internal temperature and energy distribution of ions undergoing resonance excitation to be evaluated for a given set of experimental conditions.
Gain clamping in double‐pass L‐band EDFA using a ring resonator (2004)

Abstract A gain‐clamped long‐wavelength‐band erbium‐doped fiber amplifier (L‐band EDFA) based on a ring‐laser cavity is demonstrated using two C/L‐band wavelength‐selective couplers. This new design provides improved gain characteristics and high tuneability. The gain is clamped at 11.5 dB with a gain variation of less than 0.1 dB from an input‐signal power of −40 to −6 dBm by setting the variable attenuation setting (VOA) at 8 dB. Also, the clamped‐gain level can be controlled to be in the range from 4.7 to 21.3 dB by varying the VOA settings from 0 to 24 dB. However, the proposed gain‐clamped amplifier suffers from noise‐figure degradation, as compared to the open‐ring amplifier, due to the intense ring‐laser light, which counter‐propagates through the EDF. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 484–486, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20509
Fracture non-union epidemiology and treatment (2015)

Fracture non-union remains a clinical problem despite advances in the understanding of basic science and technology. Each fracture has a unique personality as does the patient suffering the injury. Thus, each case must be treated on an individual basis. This article defines the problem of fracture non-union and reports recent epidemiological studies. We discuss relevant risk factors and methods for assessing patients who have a tendency toward fracture non-union. There are many treatment options for patients with non-union, where a number of these modalities are still under review. We discuss current evidence with the use of bone morphogenic protein, platelet-rich plasma and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound to augment the treatment of fracture non-union.
Negative coercivity in epitaxially grown (110) DyFe2/YFe2 superlattices (2001)

Molecular beam epitaxial methods have been used to grow single crystal Laves phase DyFe2/YFe2 superlattice samples with a (110) growth direction. Detailed magnetization curves have been obtained for YFe2 dominated multilayer samples [wDyFe2/4wYFe2]×16 with w=45, 50, and 55 Å. In particular, it is shown that the formation of magnetic exchange springs in the magnetically soft YFe2 layers, can be used to engineer multilayer samples with a negative coercivity. Further, by using asymmetric field cycling procedures, we have investigated the irreversible parts of the M–B loop, associated with the switching of the DyFe2 multilayers.
Toward a Predictive Theory of Wetting Dynamics (2013)

The molecular kinetic theory (MKT) of dynamic wetting, first proposed nearly 50 years ago, has since been refined to account explicitly for the effects of viscosity and solid-liquid interactions. The MKT asserts that the systematic deviation of the dynamic contact angle from its equilibrium value quantitatively reflects local energy dissipation (friction) at the moving contact line as it traverses sites of solid-liquid interaction. Specifically, it predicts that the coefficient of contact-line friction ζ will be proportional to the viscosity of the liquid ηL and exponentially dependent upon the strength of solid-liquid interactions as measured by the equilibrium work of adhesion Wa(0). Here, we analyze a very large set of dynamic wetting data drawn from more than 20 publications and representative of a very wide range of systems, from molecular-dynamics-simulated Lenard-Jones liquids and substrates, through conventional liquids and solids, to molten glasses and liquid metals on refractory solids. The combined set spans 9 decades of viscosity and 11 decades of contact-line friction. Our analysis confirms the predicted dependence of ζ upon ηL and Wa(0), although the data are scattered. In particular, a plot of ln(ζ/ηL) versus Wa(0)/n (i.e., the work of adhesion per solid-liquid interaction site) is broadly linear, with 85% of the data falling within a triangular envelope defined by Wa(0) and 0.25Wa(0). Various reasons for this divergence are explored, and a semi-empirical approach is proposed to predict ζ. We suggest that the broad agreement between the MKT and such a wide range of data is strong evidence that the local microscopic contact angle is directly dependent upon the velocity of the contact line.
Critical evaluation of 7-ethoxycoumarin<i>O</i>-deethylase activity measurement in intact isolated rat hepatocytes (1986)

In the determination of 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activity in intact isolated rat hepatocytes various factors influence the assay, including: the decay of 7-ethoxycoumarin fluorescence which is temperature and pH dependent; the measured fluorescence which has to be adjusted for the inner filter effect; glucose addition to the medium which influences the activity; all organic solvents which inhibit the enzymic activity, with dimethylformamide provoking the smallest effect (partial competitive inhibition); the enzymic reaction which is inhibited by the product of reaction; and the presence of bovine serum albumin in the medium which affects the enzymic activity. Biphasic kinetics are observed for the O-deethylation of ethoxycoumarin in intact isolated rat hepatocytes. For the high-affinity component, Km and Vmax values are 5 microM and 43 pmol/min X 10(6) cells and for the low-affinity component are 414 microM and 915 pmol/min X 10(6) cells. Addition of the substrate in dimethylformamide or omitting bovine serum albumin from the medium cause important changes in these kinetic parameters.
Welcome to the new Editorial Board (2006)

We are delighted to announce the enlarged Editorial Board of Aging Cell which has been reshaped in response to the considerable recent success of the journal, following its launch three and a half years ago. The journal gained a markedly increased impact factor (IF) of 5.9 for 2004 (issued June 2005) following its first IF of 2.1 for the year before. The current IF rates Aging Cell at 27/155 in its current ‘Cell Biology’ category. We have now successfully included the journal in the ‘Geriatrics and Gerontology’ category, where Aging Cell is likely to be the highest rated journal by a substantial margin when it receives its IF for 2006. Since the improved IF, submissions have doubled, averaging about 15 per month, and are continuing at this level. All sections of the journal's interests are well represented. To respond quickly and carefully to these numbers of submissions has required a substantial expansion at all levels of the Board. We have now appointed a team of four Editors-in-Chief and a Reviews Editor, helped by 13 Section Editors spread over the 8 sections of the journal. Editors have been recruited or re-invited to take part in the work of each of the sections. The full list is on the inside cover of the journal and on the website at http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/ace. I hope you will agree with us that the Board includes many of the very best and most active researchers working on the biology of aging. With the support of the Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland and Blackwell Publishing Ltd we have ambitious plans for the journal, including more frequent commissioned Commentaries (possibly presented through the year as a sequence of reviews of major areas of interest); also more Head to Head articles and reviews. We believe that the new Board will help to implement these proposals, as well as contributing to the regular work of the journal in reviewing, soliciting papers from colleagues and submitting their own work to the journal. We wish to welcome all the new members of the Board as well as thanking those existing members who have played such an important part in the development of the journal. We look forward enthusiastically to working together in the further development of Aging Cell. Finally, we wish to thank Maic Tatar who as Joint Editor in Chief has contributed enormously to the early success of the journal and who is stepping down to Section Editor level, and Simon Melov who has made a major contribution as Reviews Editor.
Substitution Électrophile sur Carbone Saturé IV. Oxydation chromique de tétra‐alkylétains (1964)

Abstract Symmetrical tetra alkyltins react with chromic anhydryde to yield aldehydes and acids. The rates have been measured, and the kinetic results suggest a five‐membered transition state for this bimolecular electrophilic substitution on a saturated carbon atom.