gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Factores de riesgo asociados con asma alérgica en niños de 4 a 16 años de Santa Marta, Colombia. (2008)

El asma es una enfermedad pediatrica ampliamente distribuida en el mundo. En la actualidad hay mas de 130millones de personas asmaticas y las proyecciones en salud indican que este numero ira en aumento. En Colombiala morbilidad y mortalidad por asma es elevada, a pesar de esto en Santa Marta se desconoce la prevalencia de asmay los factores de riesgo. Con el proposito de determinar los factores de riesgo ambiental y poblacional asociados conel asma alergica en ninos de 4 a 16 anos de Santa Marta, se realizo un estudio descriptivo transversal. Los factoresde riesgo y la severidad del asma se establecieron mediante un cuestionario estandarizado. El diagnostico clinicode asma fue confirmado por espirometria. De un total de 227 ninos estudiados, 97 presentaron uno o mas episodiosde sibilancias o estridor recurrente en los ultimos 12 meses, 55 fueron confirmados por espirometria. Se encontroasociacion significativa entre la sintomatologia de asma, la exposicion al polvo casero, el humo del cigarillo, laherencia y el parasitismo intestinal. Ninguna asociacion estadistica se encontro entre el asma y la desnutricionaguda o cronica. Estos resultados confirman la importancia de los alergenos intradomiciliarios en la sintomatologiade asma en el Caribe Colombiano. (Duazary 2008; 1: 9 - 14)
POLYNUCLEOTIDES CONTAINING 5‐MERCAPTO‐SUBSTITUTED PYRIMIDINES: INHIBITION OF VIRAL DNA POLYMERASES AND THE BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATION<sup>*</sup> (1975)

Partially thiolated polycytidylic acids MPC I-III, containing 1.7%, 3.5% and 8.6% 5-mercaptocytidylate units, respectively) inhibited the DNA polymerase of Friend leukemia virus (FLV) in the endogenic reaction as well as in the presence of poly(A)-(dT)14 or poly[d(a-T)] templates; the inhibitory activities were directly related to the percent of thiolation. Various partially thiolated RNA and DNA isolates from Ehrlich ascites cells (containing one 5-mercaptopyrimidine nucleotide/50-100 nucleotide units) also inhibited the DNA polymerases of FLV in the endogenic reaction, and also in the presence of the synthetic templates. The thiolated DNA was the most active, but the thiolated tRNA also showed substantial inhibitory effects, while the thiolated ribosomal RNA was less effective. In a bacterial DNA polymerase (E. coli-K12, using denatured DNA as template), MPC I-III showed no activity. By contrast, MPC III and several partially thiolated nucleic acid isolates significantly inhibited a regenerating rat liver DNA polymerase (I) system; among those tested, the thiolated DNA from Ehrlich ascites cells showed the highest activity. Kinetic analysis of the inhibitory action of this thiolated DNA in the rat liver enzyme system, using as template the corresponding unmodified DNA, demonstrated that the thiolated DNA acts as a competitive inhibitor of the template, with a Ki/Km ratio of 0.5.
Specular Reflection From The Surface Of The Retina (1989)

Specular reflections from the inner limiting membrane of the retina of ,llonkeys and from the posterior surface of intraocular silicone oil in patients were studied by the non-invasive technique of imaging fundus reflectometry. Small area of each reflex were measured and the compo ent of reflectance due to the reflex alone was isolated by subtracting the reflectance of a nearby reflex-free area. The reflexes are interpreted as specular reflections at a sillooth boundary between two dielectric media of differing refractive indexes. The reflectances obtained are consistent with the generally accepted refractive indexes of 1.336 for vitreous and 1.36 for retina.
The Design of Tubing and Casing Premium Connections for HTHP Wells (2005)

Abstract The design of premium connections for casing and tubing applications in HT/HP wells, especially in sour environment, require the consideration of extreme design conditions not present in common applications. The high pressures to stand and seal-both internal and external, and the limitations on steel yield strength due to sour environment provokes an increase of wall thicknesses, adding challenges to obtain simultaneously enough structural resistance, good seal response and low resistance to galling. The design of specific and very tight stress relief procedures is a key element to keep the material resistance to sour environment, when swaging or expansion required. Regarding design performance verification, it is based on the use of a combination of very refined non-linear Elastic-Plastic Finite Element Analysis, together with the testing concepts of new standard ISO 13679 / API 5C5, which expose the connection to a very demanding evaluation in terms of resistance to galling, extreme combined loading conditions –tension, compression, internal pressure, external pressure, bending, thermal cycling, and limit load. This paper describes, through actual examples, the design process and the key elements that need to be considered in the design of a high performance premium connection for HP/HT Sour wells, from the paper to the manufacturing process, including the ways to balance the design features for optimum performance, and the different tools and evaluation methods required to validate the designs.
Laser Specular Reflectance and the Optical rms Roughness of Alumina (1993)

Using laser specular reflectance, the optical rms roughnesses (σ 0 'S) of 42 polycrystalline aluminas (PCA's) were determined. From these conventional experimental results, a nomogram was constructed so that single grazing angle (α) measurements could be used to predict σ 0 . Subsequently, the nomogram was reassessed using five commercially important PCA's and one single‐crystal sapphire (SC). The outcomes were twofold: that this nomogram was valid for PCA's over the range of 0.28 σ 0 0.10 μm, but that the nomogram was invalid for SC sapphire. When the conventional experimental method was compared with the nomogram method at three different single‐angle values, a 1:1 correspondence was observed for α= 78°, 80°, and 82°. The present noncontact method is advocated for speed and cleanliness, particularly when a quality assurance method is desired.
A Characterisation of First-Order Constraint Satisfaction Problems (2007)

We describe simple algebraic and combinatorial characterisations of finite relational core structures admitting finitely many obstructions. As a consequence, we show that it is decidable to determine whether a constraint satisfaction problem is first-order definable: we show the general problem to be NP-complete, and give a polynomial-time algorithm in the case of cores. A slight modification of this algorithm provides, for first-order definable CSP's, a simple poly-time algorithm to produce a solution when one exists. As an application of our algebraic characterisation of first order CSP's, we describe a large family of L-complete CSP's.
Hypercube based distributed shared memory multiprocessors (1996)

Due to ever increasing demand on computation power and having reached the physical speed up limitations of uniprocessor based computers, all the major computer vendors have started designing multiprocessors. Multiprocessors can be broadly classified into shared memory and message passing. Shared memory ones are more popular due to the ease of programming and the availability of parallelizing compilers. For small scale systems a bus has been used successfully for connecting the processors together. For the system to be scalable, other networks such as MIN, Mesh, Hypercube etc. have to be used.
Among these hypercube has been used for many multiprocessor designs. When a point to point network is used for shared memory the memory access time is reduced by using caches near each processor. In such a situation directories are used for maintaining cache coherence. Several limited schemes have been proposed, which limit the directory storage overhead but result in increased memory access latencies.
In this dissertation we develop a hypercube based shared memory multiprocessor with caches close to each processor. Efficient cache coherence mechanisms are developed, which decrease the storage overhead as well as the memory access latencies. For small size system a single ring is embedded into the hypercube and is used for broadcasting the invalidation messages. And to make the proposed architecture scalable, multiple rings connected in an hierarchical fashion are used. A detailed cache coherence scheme is developed for the two configurations.
Communication in the network is made efficient by using the ring as well as e-cube routing. Wormhole routing along with messages traveling on a logically embedded ring provide a snoopy behavior to the proposed schemes. A synthetic trace driven simulation package is developed for evaluating the complete operating range. This package is further extended to real applications by using an existing parallel compiler and porting several applications to our system. We show with the help of the simulation results that our techniques perform as well as, if not better than full map directory scheme.
Dynamic nuclear polarization assisted spin diffusion for the solid effect case (2011)

The dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) process in solids depends on the magnitudes of hyperfine interactions between unpaired electrons and their neighboring (core) nuclei, and on the dipole-dipole interactions between all nuclei in the sample. The polarization enhancement of the bulk nuclei has been typically described in terms of a hyperfine-assisted polarization of a core nucleus by microwave irradiation followed by a dipolar-assisted spin diffusion process in the core-bulk nuclear system. This work presents a theoretical approach for the study of this combined process using a density matrix formalism. In particular, solid effect DNP on a single electron coupled to a nuclear spin system is considered, taking into account the interactions between the spins as well as the main relaxation mechanisms introduced via the electron, nuclear, and cross-relaxation rates. The basic principles of the DNP-assisted spin diffusion mechanism, polarizing the bulk nuclei, are presented, and it is shown that the polarization of the core nuclei and the spin diffusion process should not be treated separately. To emphasize this observation the coherent mechanism driving the pure spin diffusion process is also discussed. In order to demonstrate the effects of the interactions and relaxation mechanisms on the enhancement of the nuclear polarization, model systems of up to ten spins are considered and polarization buildup curves are simulated. A linear chain of spins consisting of a single electron coupled to a core nucleus, which in turn is dipolar coupled to a chain of bulk nuclei, is considered. The interaction and relaxation parameters of this model system were chosen in a way to enable a critical analysis of the polarization enhancement of all nuclei, and are not far from the values of (13)C nuclei in frozen (glassy) organic solutions containing radicals, typically used in DNP at high fields. Results from the simulations are shown, demonstrating the complex dependences of the DNP-assisted spin diffusion process on variations of the relevant parameters. In particular, the effect of the spin lattice relaxation times on the polarization buildup times and the resulting end polarization are discussed, and the quenching of the polarizations by the hyperfine interaction is demonstrated.
<i>hecd-1</i>Modulates<i>Notch</i>Activity in<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (2015)

Notch is a receptor that mediates cell-cell interactions that specify binary cell fate decisions in development and tissue homeostasis. Inappropriate Notch signaling is associated with cancer, and mutations in Notch pathway components have been associated with developmental diseases and syndromes. In Caenorhabditis elegans, suppressors of phenotypes associated with constitutively active LIN-12/Notch have identified many conserved core components and direct or indirect modulators. Here, we molecularly identify sel(ar584), originally isolated as a suppressor of a constitutively active allele of lin-12. We show that sel(ar584) is an allele of hecd-1, the ortholog of human HECDT1, a ubiquitin ligase that has been implicated in several different mammalian developmental events. We studied interactions of hecd-1 with lin-12 in the somatic gonad and with the other C. elegans Notch gene, glp-1, in the germ line. We found that hecd-1 acts as a positive modulator of lin-12/Notch activity in a somatic gonad context--the original basis for its isolation--but acts autonomously as a negative modulator of glp-1/Notch activity in the germ line. As the yeast ortholog of HECD-1, Ufd4p, has been shown to function in quality control, and C. elegans HECD-1 has been shown to affect mitochondrial maintenance, we propose that the different genetic interactions between hecd-1 and Notch genes we observed in different cell contexts may reflect differences in quality control regulatory mechanisms or in cellular metabolism.
Cationic polymerization of α,β‐disubstituted olefins. VI. Steric structure of poly(methyl propenyl ether) obtained by cationic catalysts (1968)

Abstract The steric structure of poly(methyl propenyl ether) obtained by cationic polymerization was studied by NMR spectra. From the analysis of β‐methyl and α‐methoxyal spectra, it was found that the tacticities of the α‐carbon were different from those of the β‐carbon in all polymers obtained. In the crystalline polymers obtained from the trans isomer by homogeneous catalysts, BF 3 ·O(C 2 H 5 ) 2 or Al(C 2 H 5 )Cl 2 , and from the cis isomer by a heterogeneous catalyst, Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 –H 2 SO 4 complex, the structure of polymers was threo‐di‐isotactic. Though the configurations of all α‐carbons were isotactic, a small amount of syndiotactic structure was observed in the β‐carbon. On the other hand, in the amorphous polymer obtained from cis isomer by the homogeneous catalyst, the configuration of the α‐carbon was isotactic, but that of the β‐carbon was atactic. These facts suggest that the type of opening of a monomeric double bond is complicated, or that carbon–carbon double bond in an incoming monomer rotates in the transition state. From these experimental results, a probability treatment was proposed from the diad tacticity of α,β‐disubstituted polymers. It shows that the tacticity is decided by a polymerization mechanism different from that proposed by Bovey.
Tunable acoustic energy dissipation by fluid-structure interaction in elastomeric, resonant metamaterials (2018)

Helmholtz resonators are a classic means to absorb low frequency acoustic waves with great effectiveness and straightforward implementation. Yet, traditional Helmholtz resonators are tuned to absorb a specific frequency of wave energy and are unable to adaptively tailor damping capability. On the other hand, recent research on elastomeric metamaterials offers concepts for large and tunable damping properties using internal constituents that buckle to trap large elastic energy when subjected to geometric or load constraints. The research reported here draws from the principles of Helmholtz resonance and constrained metamaterials to device a resonant metamaterial with tunable acoustic energy dissipation. Using the fluid-structure interaction of an internal beam-like member with the resonator chamber, the metamaterial absorbs acoustic waves at a target frequency and tailors energy dissipation by changing external constraints that relatively magnify or suppress the interaction between acoustic pressure and damped beam member. An analytical model is developed to qualitatively characterize the behavior of the metamaterial observed in the laboratory. From the combined experimental and analytical studies, it is found that the metamaterial may significantly reduce the sound pressure level at the targeted frequency range while modulating the broadness of the absorption effect by way of external load control.
Quantitative Nanoparticle Organ Disposition by Gel Permeation Chromatography (2012)

Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) also known as size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is a highly valuable tool for the purification, separation, and characterization of synthetic and natural polymers. In this technique, the analyte (usually a polymer) is dissolved in a suitable solvent and is injected into columns made of porous inert material. The columns separate the analyte based on its hydrodynamic size rather than the molecular weight. GPC systems typically have an RI detector, UV detector, or light scattering unit attached to the columns. With advanced detection systems coupled to the GPC, we can obtain important information about polymers including their molecular weight distribution, average molecular mass, degree of branching in the polymers, etc. In addition to the separation of polymers, GPC allows for the separation of enzymes, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, and hormones. With regards to nanotoxicity, GPC can be used for the quantitative determination of tissue deposition of polymer nanoparticles after in vivo exposure. Understanding the organ specific exposure to a nanomaterial is helpful in choosing appropriate toxicity assays, interpreting data from other toxicity assessments, and in determining potential risk.
Circulating Cell-Free DNA Levels Could Predict Oncological Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Esophagectomy for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2016)

Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a potential biomarker for cancer progression but its role is unclear in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) after esophagectomy. We investigated relationships between plasma cfDNA levels and clinicopathological parameters in ESCC patients. Eighty-one ESCC patients who received esophagectomy were enrolled. Plasma samples from these patients and 95 normal controls were collected. DNA copy numbers were measured by real-time quantitative PCR. Subjects were divided into two groups by cfDNA level. Clinicopathological data were collected retrospectively and relationships between cfDNA levels and clinical parameters were evaluated. The cfDNA level in normal controls ranged from 0-4157 copies/mL. The cfDNA level of 96.3% ESCC patients was higher than the cutoff value (2447.26 copies/mL) with a specificity of 94.1%. The mean cfDNA concentration was 5918 copies/mL in lower and 53,311 copies/mL in higher cfDNA groups. No correlations were found between clinicopathological factors and cfDNA levels except for lymphovascular invasion. Higher cfDNA levels were associated with tumor relapse (<i>p</i> = 0.018). Five-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 34.7% and 33.8%, respectively. Patients with higher cfDNA levels had poorer DFS (<i>p</i> = 0.013). Patients with higher cfDNA levels had poorer OS, but not significantly (<i>p</i> = 0.164). Circulating cfDNA could be a biomarker for tumor relapse of ESCC with high sensitivity and specificity. Higher cfDNA levels were associated with tumor relapse and shorter DFS after esophagectomy in ESCC patients.
Free tissue transfer and local flap complications in anterior and anterolateral skull base surgery (2002)

The surgical reconstruction of skull base defects should be planned on the basis of the ability of the technique to attain safe closure and maintain integrity after radiation therapy.
Experimental study of the relaxation cycle of a decaying spheromak in an external magnetic field (1991)

For high electron temperature plasma discharges in the S-1 spheromak device [Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, 1984 (IAEA, Vienna, 1985), Vol. 2, p. 535], ‘‘sawtooth’’- like oscillations appear on signals of magnetic field, flux, q value, and electron temperature. Based on the internal magnetic field profiles measured by magnetic probe scans, the mechanisms and causes of these oscillations are revealed. The cycle of one oscillation consists of a toroidal current peaking phase and a subsequent relaxation phase. In the peaking phase, resistive current decay at the edge causes the spheromak to deviate from the initial minimum-energy Taylor state. The deviation was revealed experimentally by the preferential decay of toroidal flux over poloidal flux. A simple calculation shows that a peaking of the electron temperature profile is the most probable cause for the preferential decay of toroidal flux over poloidal flux. During the peaking phase, q decreases so low as to make the configuration unstable to low-n magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modes (mainly n=2 mode). In the relaxation phase, these modes invoke current redistribution (relaxation), restoring the Taylor state. A significant finding in the relaxation phase is that a reversed toroidal field similar to that of the reversed-field pinch (RFP) configuration is sometimes measured at the edge of the plasma for a brief period. The disappearance or resistive decay of the reversed toroidal flux is attributed to a flux conversion through the magnetic reconnections caused by the low-n modes.
Some Impedance Measurements on Normal and Pathological Ears (1957)

The acoustic method of impedance measurement at the eardrum, described in the preceding paper, has been improved and applied to the investigation of the effect of some pathological changes in the middle ear on the measured impedance. The investigation shows that the otosclerosis and the interruption of the ossicular chain can be easily detected by means of the impedance measurement. An electrical and mathematical model of the dynamics of the middle ear is developed.
Seismic Performance of Degraded Shear Walls for Long-Term Compliance Periods (2012)

Seismic performance evaluations of nuclear facilities are usually based on seismic probabilistic risk analyses that do not include the effects of concrete aging, which may decrease the capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) components with time. This study relates the physical mechanisms that take place during aging of concrete (e.g., cracking, and rebar corrosion) and the deterioration of mechanical properties that affect the system capacity under seismic events. The seismic performance evaluation uses available experimental data of steel reinforcement corrosion and variability of concrete parameters as a function of time. To obtain the variation in the system capacity caused by concrete aging, detailed numerical models of RC components and models of the selected structural systems are developed. The probability of unacceptable performance, or seismic failure, is computed by convolving the fragility data and selected hazard curves. The calculation includes the gain of concrete compressive strength with time. However, this gain in strength does not overcome the degradation of seismic performance caused by concrete cracking and corrosion of steel rebars. The results indicate that aging effects on RC components are largely influenced by seismic hazard at the site.
Reaction of Thioacids with Isocyanates and Isothiocyanates: A Convenient Amide Ligation Process (2009)

Thiocarboxylates, prepared conveniently by cleavage of 9-fluorenylmethyl or trimethoxybenzyl thioesters, react at room temperature with isocyanates and isothiocyanates to give amide bonds in good to excellent yield. A carboxylate salt is also shown to react with an electron-deficient isocyanate to give the corresponding amide in excellent yield at room temperature.
Isolation and Characterization of a Second Isolate of Streptococcus iniae (1978)

A second strain of Streptococcus iniae has been recovered from an Amazon freshwater dolphin (Inia geoffrensis). This isolate differs from the first-described isolate in its ability to produce acid from lactose but not salicin and its inability to hydrolyze esculin. The two isolates share a common cell wall antigen that appears to represent the C polysaccharide grouping antigen of this species. In addition, there are strain-specific antigens associated with each isolate. The second strain has been designated strain BU (= ATCC 29177).