gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of N-Acetyl-9-0-acetylneuraminic Acid α-<i>p</i>-amino-phenylthioketoside and Its Application as Ligand in the Affinity Chromatography of a Lectin with Preferential Affinity to<i>O</i>-Acetylated Sialic Acids (1992)

The N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid-alpha-p-aminophenylthioketoside 7 was synthesized as a sialidase-stable ligand for the affinity chromatography of a lectin with preferential affinity to O-acetylated sialic acids. The thioketoside was prepared by phase-transfer-catalysed glycosidation followed by Zemplen deacetylation. Regioselective acetylation of the completely de-O-acetylated derivative was practised by two different methods. The acetylation with trimethylorthoacetate did not show the desired selectivity for hydroxyl groups; in addition to the acetylation in position 9 extensive formation of an acetimidate ester derivative with the amino-group in the aminophenyl-moiety was observed. However the esterification with N,N-dimethylacetamide dimethyl acetal resulted in an exclusive acetylation of the hydroxyl-group in position 9. After catalytic hydrogenation this ligand was immobilized both directly and by a six-carbon long spacer group to the agarose matrix. The adsorbents were applied in the affinity chromatography of the lectin and their binding capacity and selectivity compared to those of the formerly used mucin matrix. In both respects the thioketoside coupled by the spacer turned out to be a better ligand for the isolation of the lectin than the mucin.
Modelling of sediment transport and morphological evolution under the combined action of waves and currents (2017)

Abstract. Coastal defence structures are often constructed to prevent beach erosion. However, poorly designed structures may cause serious erosion problems in the downdrift direction. Morphological models are useful tools to predict such impacts and assess the efficiency of defence structures for different scenarios. Nevertheless, morphological modelling is still a topic under intense research effort. The processes simulated by a morphological model depend on model complexity. For instance, undertow currents are neglected in coastal area models (2DH), which is a limitation for simulating the evolution of beach profiles for long periods. Model limitations are generally overcome by predefining invariant equilibrium profiles that are allowed to shift offshore or onshore. A more flexible approach is described in this paper, which can be generalised to 3D models. The present work is based on the coupling of the MOHID modelling system and SWAN wave model. The impacts of different designs of detached breakwaters and groynes were simulated in a schematic beach configuration following a 2DH approach. The results of bathymetry evolution are in agreement with the patterns found in the literature for several existing structures. The model was also tested in a 3D test case to simulate the formation of sandbars by undertow currents. The findings of this work confirmed the applicability of the MOHID modelling system to study sediment transport and morphological changes in coastal zones under the combined action of waves and currents. The same modelling methodology was applied to a coastal zone (Costa da Caparica) located at the mouth of a mesotidal estuary (Tagus Estuary, Portugal) to evaluate the hydrodynamics and sediment transport in calm water conditions and during events of highly energetic waves.
<title>Similarity retrieval of NOAA satellite imagery by graph matching</title> (1993)

An attributed relational graph (ARG) is introduced into our NOAA satellite image database system. The node and the branch of an ARG denotes a classified region and a spatial relationship between adjacent regions, respectively. Furthermore, a few attributes of a node/branch help to express numerical shape features of regions. Similarity retrieval thereby turns out to be equivalent to graph matching. The similarity retrieval process of the system is as follows: (1) select a visual example image as a query and generate its graph structure, (2) calculate an optimal graph matching cost between a query graph and an archived graph in the database, utilizing algorithm A<SUP>*</SUP> with heuristic information, (3) choose archived images in the ascending order of a corresponding matching cost.
New multiple-camera calibration method for a large number of cameras (2005)

In a multiple camera system that consists of a large number of cameras, each camera has to be calibrated in order to use the image information obtained from them effectively. When a target scene is large, the conventional calibration methods using 3D or 2D object are difficult to apply because setting these objects is an elaborate task. Although another approach called self-calibration using only image point correspondences seems to be suitable in such a situation, this method is often susceptible to noise. In this paper, we propose a new camera calibration method for such systems using 1D object, which has three points on a line with known distances of each other. The main reason for using 1D object as a calibration object is because it is more flexible than 3D or 2D object in a large scene. By using the free-moving 1D object without knowledge about its position and only one calibrated camera, we can calibrate multiple cameras simultaneously, so the proposed method presents an easy and practical solution. Experimental results of computer-simulated data are shown in this paper. In the presentation, experimental results of real image data will be presented.
Putting It All Together: Tips for Conducting a Successful Adobe Connect Meeting (2009)

The way in which patients judge their personal need for MT relative to their concerns about MT can be a significant barrier to adherence. Interventions to facilitate optimal adherence to MT for IBD should address such perceptual barriers.
A Metabolic Substrate-Based Approach to Engineering New Chemical Reactivity into Cellular Sialoglycoconjugates (2006)

Current examples of cellular engineering, the “purposeful modification of intermediary metabolism” (Cameron and Tong, 1993) or the “improvement of cellular activities” (Bailey, 1991), share two common features. First is the reliance on recombinant DNA technology to modulate the proteome of the cell. Advances in protein design and engineering, genomics, and proteomics (Hatzimanikatis et al., 1999; Kao, 1999; Schilling et al., 1999), coupled with sophisticated mathematical algorithms and computer modeling (Gombert and Nielsen, 2000; Schuster et al., 2000), promise to provide the cellular engineer of the future with exquisite recombinant DNA-based tools for manipulation of the metabolic machinery and architecture of a cell. The sheer complexity of biological macromolecules, however, has encouraged the exploration of alternate technologies. One such alternative is an emerging substrate-based approach where small-molecule metabolites, instead of the enzymes that process these compounds, are manipulated to effect changes in cellular properties. More specifically, substrate-based cellular engineering exploits the naturally occurring biosynthetic pathways of the cell to incorporate unnatural metabolic intermediates into cellular components (Figure 1). The emerging field of substrate-based cellular engineering differs from established approaches not only in methodology, but also in applications and aims. In addition to a reliance on recombinant DNA techniques, most current examples of cellular engineering share the common goal of enhancing the ability of a cell to produce metabolic products, ranging from small-molecule metabolites to recombinant proteins, deemed useful to humankind. This objective, the production of a useful biomolecule, typically reduces secondary effects on the cellular metabolism to a matter of minor concern. By contrast, the primary goal of substrate-based cellular engineering, so far, has been to alter the composition of the cellular architecture in a precise manner for a defined purpose. An attractive feature of substrate-based cellular engineering is the ability to mediate exact metabolic changes amidst an overwhelmingly complex cellular environment. By selecting the properties of the unnatural metabolic intermediate carefully, it is possible to target a particular biosynthetic pathway to the exclusion of all other thereby specifically engineering the designated cellular component.
Studies on the Transmission of Hemolytic Streptococcus Infections: III. Hemolytic Streptococci in the Air, Floor Dust, and Bedclothing of Hospital Wards and their Relation to Cross Infection (1944)

Journal Article Studies on the Transmission of Hemolytic Streptococcus Infections: III. Hemolytic Streptococci in the Air, Floor Dust, and Bedclothing of Hospital Wards and their Relation to Cross Infection Get access Morton Hamburger, Jr., Morton Hamburger, Jr. From the Commission on Air-Borne Infections, Board for the Investigation and Control of Influenza and Other Epidemic Diseases in the United States Army, Preventive Medicine Service, Office of the Surgeon General, U. S. Army Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Theodore T. Puck, Theodore T. Puck From the Commission on Air-Borne Infections, Board for the Investigation and Control of Influenza and Other Epidemic Diseases in the United States Army, Preventive Medicine Service, Office of the Surgeon General, U. S. Army Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Virginia G. Hamburger, Virginia G. Hamburger From the Commission on Air-Borne Infections, Board for the Investigation and Control of Influenza and Other Epidemic Diseases in the United States Army, Preventive Medicine Service, Office of the Surgeon General, U. S. Army Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Margaret A. Johnson Margaret A. Johnson From the Commission on Air-Borne Infections, Board for the Investigation and Control of Influenza and Other Epidemic Diseases in the United States Army, Preventive Medicine Service, Office of the Surgeon General, U. S. Army Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 75, Issue 1, July 1944, Pages 79–94, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/75.1.79 Published: 01 July 1944 Article history Received: 03 April 1944 Published: 01 July 1944
A 6 T refrigerator-cooled NbTi superconducting magnet with 180 mm room temperature bore (1995)

A 6 T NbTi superconducting magnet, cooled by a 4 K GM (Gifford-McMahon) refrigerator has been developed. Magnetic material, Er/sub 3/Ni, is used as the regenerator to cool the coil to liquid helium temperature. The central field strength in the 180 mm room temperature bore is designed to be 6 T. NbTi coil dimensions are, 215 mm in inner diameter, 279 mm in outer diameter, and 240 mm in axial length. The coil winding is an epoxy-impregnated structure without a bore tube, thereby reducing mechanical disturbances. The coil heat is removed through the outer metal cylinder. A pair of Bi(2212) current leads has been developed to reduce heat leakage into the 4 K level. A cold diode is used to protect the coil even if the oxide lead is burned out. The magnet attained 6.45 T central field at 3.61 K coil-winding temperature.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Magnetostrictive Composite-Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor (2010)

This paper presents a light and compact optical fiber Bragg Grating sensor for DC and AC magnetic field measurements. The fiber is coated by a thick layer of a magnetostrictive composite consisting of particles of Terfenol-D dispersed in a polymeric matrix. Among the different compositions for the coating that were tested, the best magnetostrictive response was obtained using an epoxy resin as binder and a 30% volume fraction of Terfenol-D particles with sizes ranging from 212 to 300 μm. The effect of a compressive preload in the sensor was also investigated. The achieved resolution was 0.4 mT without a preload or 0.3 mT with a compressive pre-stress of 8.6 MPa. The sensor was tested at magnetic fields of up to 750 mT under static conditions. Dynamic measurements were conducted with a magnetic unbalanced four-pole rotor.
Coverage and Rate Analysis for Limited Information Cell Association in Stochastic-Layout Cellular Networks (2015)

The complexity and uncertainty inherent in large cellular networks make the acquisition of location and channel information of all but perhaps a few neighboring network nodes (base stations (BSs)) difficult for a given user. Therefore, a cell association policy must operate with sparse information. Thus, the serving BS is proposed to be the one that provides the highest instantaneous signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) from among all BSs providing average received signal power exceeding a predetermined minimum. This policy is evaluated for the downlink of single-tier (homogeneous) and two-tier (heterogeneous) networks, and for the latter, the key advantage of the proposed policy is its capability to enable traffic offloading. Two methods to determine the minimum average signal power are given. Coverage probabilities and average rates of mobile stations in coverage are derived, accounting for path loss, multipath fading, and random locations of BSs in each tier. Analysis is verified by Monte Carlo simulations. We observe that the instantaneous SIR and average received signal power of a few BSs are sufficient to achieve the coverage corresponding to the highest SIR association, which in general requires instantaneous SIR information of a larger subset of a network. We also observe that in a two-tier network, the effect of strong interference from high-power BSs, such as macro BSs, can be limited by proper choice of minimum average received signal power for low-power BSs.
[The influence of lifestyle and night-shift work on sleep problems among female hospital nurses in Japan]. (2001)

The results of this study suggest that sleep problems among nurses are associated not only with night-shift work but also with lifestyle. They also suggest that nurses who work night shifts, especially in Tokyo, should try to get sufficient hours of sleep to ensure good quality of sleep.
Annual cycle of global distributions of aerosol optical depth from integration of MODIS retrievals and GOCART model simulations (2003)

The Moderate‐Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument onboard the Earth Observing System (EOS) satellites provides an unprecedented opportunity to study aerosols from space with high accuracy and on a nearly global scale. However, difficulty with highly reflective arid and snow‐covered lands introduces significant gaps in global or regional coverage that must be filled by some other means. This study provides a complete global coverage of an annual cycle of aerosol optical depth by combining the MODIS retrievals and Georgia Tech/Goddard Global Ozone Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) simulations weighted with the uncertainties in each product. The assimilated aerosol optical depths over land are better correlated with the ground‐based Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) measurements than are either the MODIS retrievals or the GOCART simulations alone. The gaps in the MODIS retrievals are filled with values that are generally consistent with the AERONET aerosol climatology. The assimilated aerosol optical depths are in good agreement with the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) aerosol climatology over the Atlantic and North Indian Oceans. In spring, large discrepancies between the MODIS retrievals in 2001 and the AVHRR climatology over the North Pacific are likely a result of extremely active transcontinental transport of Asian dust/pollutants to North America in the year 2001. Large model–satellite differences in the South Pacific and South Indian Oceans may be attributable to missing or underestimated sources in the model and/or cloud, whitecap, and glint contamination in satellite retrievals.
Co-infections par les virus de l’hépatite C et de l’immunodéficience humaine (1999)

Les virus de l’immunodeficience humaine (VIH) et de l’hepatite C (VHC) partagent les memes voies de transmission (principalement parenterale, sexuelle et verticale). Cette superposition des groupes a risque rend compte d’une frequence elevee de co-infections [1]. Les interactions reciproques de ces infections sur les plans clinique, biologique, histologique, virologique et therapeutique ont ete bien etudiees avant l’introduction des multitherapies dont l’impact sur l’infection virale C et sur les indications et resultats des traitements antiviraux C reste a preciser. La question principale aujourd’hui posee aux infectiologues, aux internistes et aux hepato-gastroenterologues est de savoir si l’on doit et comment prendre en charge les patients co-infectes par le VIH et le VHC. La prevalence globale de l’infection par le VHC chez les patients infectes par le VIH croit actuellement d’environ 9 a 20 %. La co-infection est habituellement associee a une hepatite chronique avec une viremie elevee. Les lesions hepatiques plus severes et l’evolution plus rapide vers la cirrhose posent la question des traitements antiviraux dont l’efficacite reste mediocre en termes de reponse a long terme, au moins pour l’INF-alpha en monotherapie, et dont l’efficacite et la tolerance sont incertaines pour la combinaison de la ribavirine et de l’INF-alpha. Si l’impact de l’infection virale C en termes de mortalite reste au second plan par rapport a d’autres problemes, il est important, dans le futur, avec les espoirs emanant de l’efficacite de la tritherapie, de mieux definir, d’une part, les patients devant beneficier d’un traitement antiviral (et les modalites d’un tel traitement) pour obtenir une diminution de la mortalite et de la morbidite liees a leur hepatite chronique C et, d’autre part, le retentissement des nouvelles therapeutiques antiretrovirales sur l’infection virale C.
Antimycobacterial Activity of 5‐Arylidene Derivatives of Hydantoin. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reactivity, Mechanism, and Assembly of the Alternative Nitrogenases (2020)

Biological nitrogen fixation is catalyzed by the enzyme nitrogenase, which facilitates the cleavage of the relatively inert triple bond of N<sub>2</sub>. Nitrogenase is most commonly associated with the molybdenum-iron cofactor called FeMoco or the M-cluster, and it has been the subject of extensive structural and spectroscopic characterization over the past 60 years. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, two "alternative nitrogenase" systems were discovered, isolated, and found to incorporate V or Fe in place of Mo. These systems are regulated by separate gene clusters; however, there is a high degree of structural and functional similarity between each nitrogenase. Limited studies with the V- and Fe-nitrogenases initially demonstrated that these enzymes were analogously active as the Mo-nitrogenase, but more recent investigations have found capabilities that are unique to the alternative systems. In this review, we will discuss the reactivity, biosynthetic, and mechanistic proposals for the alternative nitrogenases as well as their electronic and structural properties in comparison to the well-characterized Mo-dependent system. Studies over the past 10 years have been particularly fruitful, though key aspects about V- and Fe-nitrogenases remain unexplored.
Self-Extubation in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit and Restraint Policy Change: A Retrospective Study (2014)

Background: Self-extubation is a serious complication of mechanical ventilation. The incidence of self-extubation in a university hospital may be altered by a recent policy change, which requires daily written and face-to-face patient re-evaluations regarding the need for restraints in the intensive care units. There are many concerns and suspicions that this might result in less use of restraints and thereby increase the risk of self-extubation. Methods: The goal of this study was to describe the incidence of self-extubation (SE) over time and report any observed change with the change in restraint policy (RP). Results: The rate of self-extubation during the control year was 1.62% which increased to 2.33% during the initial study period and decreased to 1.30% in the following year. The distant follow-up period eight years after the initial change in restraint policy showed a rate of 1.14%. Apache scores did not differ significantly between the years compared. Conclusion: A new restraint policy, which requires frequent reordering by physicians, has the potential to be associated with increased self-extubation, at least temporarily. Staff education may help reduce this risk. Further research will be useful in clarifying which interventions can most reduce this potentially life-threatening complication.
Synthesis of Homoproline Analogues Containing Heterocyclic Rings and Their Activity as Organocatalysts for Michael Reaction (2009)

Two homoproline derivatives containing either the 5-thioxo-1,2,4-oxadiazole or the 2-oxo-1,2,3,5-oxathiodiazole bioisosteric groups, in replacement of the carboxyl group, were synthesized and their catalytic activities in Michael reactions were evaluated.The derivative containing the 5-thioxo-1,2,4-oxadiazole ring outperforms proline in the context of enantioselectivity in the reactions between β-nitrostyrene and acetone or cyclohexanone, indicating that the conversion of the carboxylic group of homoproline to a bioisosteric heterocyclic ring leads to a superior organocatalyst.
The dogs of Great Britain, America, and other countries. Their breeding, training, and management in health and disease, comprising all the essential parts of the two standard works on the dog, by Stonehenge [pseud.] Together with chapters by American writers. With over one hundred illustrations. (1879)

Domesticated Dogs, finding game by scent, but not killing it, being chiefly used in aid of the gun; The Modern English Pointer; The Portuguese Pointer; The French Pointer; The
Performance evaluation of three control strategies for three-level neutral point clamped PWM rectifier (2008)

This paper presents the performance evaluation and comparisons of three typical control strategies for three-level neutral point clamped (NPC) rectifier with pulse width modulation (PWM). These are voltage oriented control (VOC), direct power control (DPC) and direct power control based on space vector modulation (DPC-SVM). The theoretical background is described, and the advantages and disadvantages of each scheme are studied through analyses and a series of experiments. A comprehensive comparison and evaluation are implemented for the three methods from several aspects such as algorithm complexity, steady state and dynamic performances, current THD with unbalanced power source voltage, and startup current which is important for the high power applications. The results show that all the three schemes can provide good abilities; and VOC and DPC-SVM possess better steady state performance while DPC is provided with best dynamic performance.
<i>Trans</i>‐bis(saccharinato)cadmium(II) Complexes with 2‐Pyridylethanol: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Spectral and Thermal Characterization of [Cd(sac)<sub>2</sub>(pyet)<sub>2</sub>] and [Cd(sac)<sub>2</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)(dmso)(pyet)] (2003)

Abstract Two trans saccharinate (sac) complexes of cadmium(II) with 2‐pyridylethanol (pyet) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, FT—IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis and single crystal X‐ray diffractometry. The [Cd(sac) 2 (pyet) 2 ] ( 1 ) and [Cd(sac) 2 (H 2 O)(dmso)(pyet)] ( 2 ) complexes crystallize in the monoclinic (P2 1 /c) and orthorhombic [P2 1 2 1 2 1 ] crystal systems, respectively. The sac ligands in both complexes are N‐coordinated and located in trans positions, while the pyet molecules act as a bidentate N‐ and O‐donor ligand forming two six‐membered chelate rings. Thermal decomposition of the complexes in air results in elimination of aqua, dmso and pyet ligands, respectively, forming cadmium saccharinate as a stable intermediate, which also decomposes at higher temperatures to give cadmium oxide.