gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification and Characterization of a <i>Penaeus monodon</i> Lymphoid Cell-Expressed Receptor for the Yellow Head Virus (2005)

The yellow head virus is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that causes significant mortality in farmed penaeid shrimp. This study sought to isolate and characterize the receptor protein used by the virus to gain entry into Penaeus monodon Oka (lymphoid) organ cells, a primary target of yellow head virus infections. Virus overlay protein binding assay on Oka organ membrane preparations identified a 65-kDa protein, and antibodies raised against this protein inhibited virus entry in primary Oka cell cultures by approximately 80%. N-terminal sequence analysis of the 65-kDa protein generated a 17-amino acid peptide fragment which was used to design degenerate primers that amplified a 1.5-kbp product from Oka organ total RNA, which was cloned and sequenced. Northern analysis and PCR were used to confirm a single RNA transcript that was expressed in most tissues. Subsequently, the mature cDNA was recloned and the expressed protein shown to cross-react with the antibody raised against the original virus binding band. Down regulation of the message through double-stranded RNA-mediated RNA interference silencing resulted in the complete inhibition of virus entry. While the identity of the clone remains unknown, it nevertheless represents the first invertebrate Nidovirus receptor isolated to date.
Maternal genistein exposure mimics the effects of estrogen on mammary gland development in female mouse offspring. (1998)

Human and animal data indicate that a high maternal estrogen exposure during pregnancy increases breast cancer risk among daughters. This may reflect an increase in the epithelial structures that are the sites for malignant transformation, i.e., terminal end buds (TEBs), and a reduction in epithelial differentiation in the mammary gland. Some phytoestrogens, such as genistein which is a major component in soy-based foods, and zearalenone, a mycotoxin found in agricultural products, have estrogenic effects on the reproductive system, breast and brain. The present study examined whether in utero exposure to genistein or zearalenone influences mammary gland development. Pregnant mice were injected daily with i) 20 ng estradiol (E2); ii) 20 microg genistein; iii) 2 microg zearalenone; iv) 2 microg tamoxifen (TAM), a partial estrogen receptor agonist; or v) oil-vehicle between days 15 and 20 of gestation. E2, genistein, zearalenone, and tamoxifen all increased the density of TEBs in the mammary glands. Genistein reduced, and zearalenone increased, epithelial differentiation. Zearalenone also increased epithelial density, when compared with the vehicle-controls. None of the treatments had permanent effects on circulating E2 levels. Maternal exposure to E2 accelerated body weight gain, physical maturation (eyelid opening), and puberty onset (vaginal opening) in the female offspring. Genistein and tamoxifen had similar effects on puberty onset than E2. Zearalenone caused persistent cornification of the estrus smears. These findings indicate that maternal exposure to physiological doses of genistein mimics the effects of E2 on the mammary gland and reproductive systems in the offspring. Thus, our results suggest that genistein acts as an estrogen in utero, and may increase the incidence of mammary tumors if given through a pregnant mother. The estrogenic effects of zearalenone on the mammary gland, in contrast, are probably counteracted by the permanent changes in estrus cycling.
Die Rollenmuster des Moderators in Talkshowstreitsequenzen: am Beispiel der Talkshow 'maybrit illner' (2019)

DeutschISprachhandlungsmuster der Moderatorin in den Streitsequenzen der Talkshow untersucht. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit besteht darin, die Rollenmuster der Moderatorin herauszuarbeiten, mit denen sie auf den Konflikt und Streit Einfluss ausubt. Empirisch wird hier eine pragmatische Gesprachsanalyse durchgefuhrt und 17 Streitsequenzen aus 10 Folgen der Sendung »maybrit illner« analysiert. Als Ergebnis werden die streitfordernden (die organisierenden und provozierenden) und streitverhindernden Handlungen der Moderatorin herausgearbeitet. Die Analyse beschrankt sich auf die Sprachebene und erweist sich als ein sinnvoller Anfang fur eine nachfolgende multimodale Erforschung des Korpus. EnglishIn the framework of the media-linguistic research, this paper investigates the patterns of the speech acts of the talk show host during the quarrel. This paper aims to uncover the role patterns of the host, which she uses to influence the conflict and the quarrel. A pragmatic conversation analysis is empirically carried out here and 17 quarreling fragments out of 10 periods of the talk show »maybrit illner« are analyzed. As a result, the quarrel promoting (the organising and the provoking) and obstructing speech acts are worked out. Though restricted to language, this analysis proves to be a meaningful beginning of a multimodal analysis of the corpus.
Gene activation by dCas9-CBP and the SAM system differ in target preference (2019)

Gene overexpression through the targeting of transcription activation domains to regulatory DNA via catalytically defective Cas9 (dCas9) represents a powerful approach to investigate gene function as well as the mechanisms of gene control. To date, the most efficient dCas9-based activator is the Synergistic Activation Mediator (SAM) system whereby transcription activation domains are directly fused to dCas9 as well as tethered through MS2 loops engineered into the gRNA. Here, we show that dCas9 fused to the catalytic domain of the histone acetyltransferase CBP is a more potent activator than the SAM system at some loci, but less efficient at other locations in Drosophila cells. Our results suggest that different rate-limiting steps in the transcription cycle are affected by dCas9-CBP and the SAM system, and that comparing these activators may be useful for mechanistic studies of transcription as well as for increasing the number of hits in genome-wide overexpression screens.
On the Levenberg-Marquardt training method for feed-forward neural networks (2010)

The Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) training method is the most effective method for feed-forward neural networks with respect to the training precision. This method is well-known and popularly described in the neural networks literature. Nevertheless its implementation contains some difficulties because of the specific shape of the cost function and the large amount of variables. Here we give in sufficient details an example of a program implementation of the LM training method. This implementation (as a Matlab application) seems to work well with various examples.
Podophyllum toxicity: case report and literature review. (1979)

A case is reported of apparent podophyllum toxicity. The patient was a 17-year-old female Indian who had received some 3 to 8 cc of a 20 percent mixture of podophyllum resin in compound tincture of benzoin (approximately equal to 0.4 gm of podophylotoxin) as an application to her vulvar condylomata. She returned to the hospital 20 hours after application in a comatose state. On examination she demonstrated severe toxicity including bone marrow, liver, and central nervous system. She required a charcoal hemoperfusion at the University of Colorado, and six months after the event has several neurologic and physiologic sequelae. Podophyllum is a potentially severely toxic drug. Great care must be taken when treating patients with this drug. A large mass of condylomata or the status of pregnancy should be relative contraindications to the use of podophyllum.
Impairment-Aware Offline RWA for Transparent Optical Networks (2009)

We consider the offline version of the routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) problem in transparent all-optical networks. In such networks and in the absence of regenerators, the signal quality of transmission degrades due to physical layer impairments. We initially present an algorithm for solving the static RWA problem based on an LP relaxation formulation that tends to yield integer solutions. To account for signal degradation due to physical impairments, we model the effects of the path length, the path hop count, and the interference among ligthpaths by imposing additional (soft) constraints on RWA. The objective of the resulting optimization problem is not only to serve the connection requests using the available wavelengths, but also to minimize the total accumulated signal degradation on the selected lightpaths. Our simulation studies indicate that the proposed RWA algorithms select the lightpaths for the requested connections so as to avoid impairment generating sources, thus dramatically reducing the overall physical-layer blocking when compared to RWA algorithms that do not account for impairments.
Theoretical and experimental properties of a binary linear beam-splitting element with a large fan angle (2004)

Abstract Diffractive beam-splitting elements with a large fan angle of about 45° were realized as binary phase elements for application in a commercial laser device operating at the wavelength of 635 nm. The fan-out elements designated to split a laser beam into a line of 43 equal power spots were fabricated in silica by means of microstructuring techniques and replicated in acrylate by ultraviolet curing. Two different gratings have been designed using scalar unidirectional iterative methods, based on the iterative discrete on-axis and on the direct binary search algorithms. The optical properties of both gratings obtained by these scalar methods were compared with simulations based on rigorous electromagnetic calculations in order to verify and control the application-relevant specifications. The experimentally measured optical performance of the replicated fan-out elements is in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. The complete procedure for realizing the linear beam splitters, that is the design method, the fabrication of the master, and the replication process, will be presented. The optical properties and characteristic data of the replicas will be compared with scalar simulations as well as rigorous calculations; the results will be discussed.
Carbon urinary conduits. Animal experiments. (1977)

A new type of urinary conduit utilizing pure carbon has been used in dogs. It appears to be inert with respect to urine, acts as an adequate conduit in dogs, and theoretically should work in humans. Twelve vesicostomies and two ileal-bladder using carbon as a conduit were performed in dogs. Evaluation of the biocompatibility of the carbon material, a report on the experimental animal testing procedures showing protocol and results, and detailed description of the surgical technique are shown. Carbon conduits, so designed, functioned well and should be tolerated in humans as long term urinary conduits obviating the need for indwelling catheters and bulky adhesive dressing.
28/39-GHz Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Millimeter Wave Stacked Patch Antenna Array for 5G Applications (2020)

In this paper, a novel high gain dual-band dual-polarized patch antenna array is proposed. This novel stacked capacitive coupled patch antenna array achieves high gain and wide bandwidth with a small size. The design of the antenna takes the problem of cost and processing accuracy into account to a great extent. The results show that the antenna array covers the frequency range of 24-28 GHz and 37-43 GHz, which are promising bands for future 5G based mobile services and it could be with a lot of potential for 5G applications.
A Multisite Analysis of the Fluctuating Course of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (2013)

These data highlight the complex trajectories of PTSD symptoms over time. This study also points to the roles of ongoing stress and MTBI in delayed cases of PTSD and suggests the potential of ongoing stress to compound initial stress reactions and lead to a delayed increase in PTSD symptom severity. This study also provides initial evidence that MTBI increases the risk of delayed PTSD symptoms, particularly in those with no acute symptoms.
Template-based mapping of application data interactive displays (1990)

This paper describes a template-based method for constructing interactive displays with the building-blocks (widgets 1 provided in a user interface toolkit. Templates specify how to break down complex application objects into smaller pieces, specify the graphical components (widgets) to be used for displaying each piece, and specify their layout. Complex interfaces are constructed by recursively applying templates, thus constructing a tree of widgets to display a complex application object. The template-based method is more general than the interactive, WYSIWYG interface builders in that it can specify dynamic displays for application data that changes at run time. The template-based method also leads to more consistent, extendable and modifiable interfaces.
A simple HPLC method for the isolation and quantification of the allergens tuliposide A and tulipalin A in <i>Alstroemena</i> (1995)

A practical, rapid, reliable and sensitive method for the isolation and determination of the allergens tuliposide A and alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone (tulipalin A), by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), has been developed in order to select Alstroemeria species for breeding purposes. From the aqueous extracts of flowers, stems and leaves, of several Alstroemeria species, the contents of 6-tuliposide A and tulipalin A were determined by isocratic RP-HPLC, using distilled water as mobile phase. The compounds were detected by an UV detector at 208 nm. Differences in 6-tuliposide A and tulipalin A content were found among the species investigated, with the highest concentrations in stems and flowers. The absence of other tuliposides (e.g., 1-tuliposide A, 1- and 6-tuliposide B) in extracts was proven by TLC, RP-HPLC, 1H- and 13C-NMR. 6-Tuliposide A and tulipalin A were identified by 1H- and 13C-NMR and comparison with authentic material, respectively. With this HPLC method, it is possible to investigate a large number of plants for their contents of tuliposide A and tulipalin A, within a minimum of time, and to isolate them directly from aqueous extracts.
Constrained coding and soft iterative decoding (2002)

Constrained coding and error-control coding (ECC) are considered in a combined framework. In the context of soft iterative decoding, this allows the ECC decoder (e.g., for a turbo or LDPC code) to gain direct access to the probabilities from the channel decoder. In addition, a soft decoder for the constraint can be introduced to yield additional coding gain. Practical methods for combining the constraint and ECC include a modified concatenation scheme and a bit insertion scheme.
Effect of canopy-air interface roughness on HF-VHF wave propagation in forest (2002)

The problem of electromagnetic wave propagation in a realistic forest environment in the high-frequency and very high-frequency bands is considered. In particular, the effect of the nonplanar interface between the air and the canopy, which has been ignored in previous models, is examined. An analytical formulation is obtained for the mean field when both the transmitter and the receiver are within the foliage. This formulation is based on distorted Born approximation and accounts for the surface roughness that exists between the canopy and air interface. It is shown that the surface roughness attenuates the so-called lateral wave slightly, which is the dominant source of the field at receiver locations far from the transmitter. It is also shown that this attenuation rate increases when the RMS height of the surface roughness is increased.
Lightning observations with the Long Wavelength Array in Sevilleta New Mexico (LWA-SV). (2020)

Abstract not provided.
ELECTRODEPOSITED NiSCo ALLOY USED AS HYDROGEN EVOLUTION REACTION CATHODE IN WATER ELECTROLYSIS (2002)

NiSCo catalytic cathodes were obtained by electrodeposition in a typical Watt cellwith addition of NH2 CSNH2 and CoCl2. Using CoCl2 concentration, current density,temperature and pH value as main factors, an orthogonal experiment was designed todetermine the optimum technological conditions according to HER overpotentials. Theoptimum technological conditions were obtained from the minimum HER overpoten-tial -70m V. The corresponding electrochemical parameters (Tafel slope b, exchangecurrent density to) were determined by steady-state polarization curves. The contentof S, Co and its microstructure were measured by EPMA and XRD.
A feasibility study of using a single Kinect sensor for rehabilitation exercises monitoring: A rule based approach (2014)

In this paper, we present a feasibility study for using a single Microsoft Kinect sensor to assess the quality of rehabilitation exercises. Unlike competing studies that have focused on the validation of the accuracy of Kinect motion sensing data at the level of joint positions, joint angles, and displacement of joints, we take a rule based approach. The advantage of our approach is that it provides a concrete context for judging the feasibility of using a single Kinect sensor for rehabilitation exercise monitoring. Our study aims to answer the following question: if it is found that Kinect's measurement on a metric deviates from the ground truth by some amount, is this an acceptable error? By defining a set of correctness rules for each exercise, the question will be answered definitively with no ambiguity. Defining appropriate context in a validation study is especially important because (1) the deviation of Kinect measurement from the ground truth varies significantly for different exercises, even for the same joint, and (2) different exercises have different tolerance levels for the movement restrictions of body segments. In this study, we also show that large but systematic deviations of the Kinect measurement from the ground truth are not as harmful as it seems because the problem can be overcome by adjusting parameters in the correctness rules.
2010 Soybean Rust Update (2007)

Any daylily or tulip enthusiasts may be bemoaning the recent cold snap that left many early-greening plants very sad across much of Iowa. Well, cold weather can be our friend as well. On April 7 and 8, a cold front pushed as far south as the Florida Panhandle, and kudzu growth was slowed or knocked back from this record-breaking frost. The freezing temperatures on the rapidly growing kudzu in this area could reduce the buildup and potential spread of soybean rust for several weeks. This frost came much later than their March 15 "frost-free" date.
Measuring maintenance performance using a balanced scorecard approach (2006)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a strategic maintenance performance measurement system. Design/methodology/approach In response to this purpose, a balanced scorecard framework was adopted to assess the contribution of support functions (such as maintenance) to strategic business objectives. A case study approach was used to test the suggested framework at a Swedish paper mill. Findings It was found that by using the suggested framework it was possible to measure and identify the cause‐and‐effect relationship of using an effective maintenance strategy, and assess its impact on the company's competitive advantages. For example, it was found that there is potential to, ideally, improve the company's return on investment (ROI) by 9 per cent. This figure represents a projected US$8.4 million in lost profits, which are caused by planned inoperative time and overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) elements. At least 14 per cent of the ROI potential improvements are directly related to the maintenance function as lost profit, which is due to unplanned stoppages and bad quality caused by maintenance‐related problems. Practical implications Using the modified BSC provides a framework whereby the contribution of support functions (for example, maintenance) to the strategic business objectives can be assessed. The modified BSC makes it easier for the maintenance and production staff who are technically oriented to communicate with top management in terms that managers understand, i.e. in terms of money. Furthermore, this approach facilitates the making of cost‐effective decisions. Originality/value The present study contributes to our knowledge of this process by changing the status of the “maintenance function”. This is done by showing that maintenance is no longer a cost centre, but should be regarded as a profit generating function.
Capacity Reductions at Incidents Sites on Motorways (2009)

Incidents cause a large part of the delays in road networks. This is caused by a decrease of the capacity at the incident site. A detailed knowledge of the queue discharge rate can improve for instance the traffic prediction and thereby improve delay information or routing advice. Therefore, this study determines the queue discharge rate for many incident locations during an incident situation and these are compared with the queue discharge rate at the same location in normal conditions. Ninety incidents meet the requirements to apply the proposed methodology. It is found in case a driving lane is blocked, the queue discharge rate for each available lane is reduced by 50%. In case the driving lanes are open but there is a distraction of an incident at the emergency lane or on the roadway for the opposite direction, the queue discharge rate is reduced by 30%.
ENTERAL VERSUS PARENTERAL NUTRITION AFTER SEVERE CLOSED HEAD INJURY (1994)

We measured energy expenditure (MREE) and nitrogen excretion (UUN) in patients with severe head injury randomized to early parenteral (TPN, n = 21) or jejunal (ENT, n = 27) feeding with identical formulations. The MREE rose to 2400 +/- 531 kcal/day in both groups and remained at 135% +/- 26% to 146% +/- 42% of predicted energy expenditure over 4 weeks. Nitrogen excretion peaked the second week at 33.4 +/- 10 (TPN) and 31.2 +/- 7.5 (ENT) g N/day. Both routes were equally effective at meeting nutritional goals (1.2 x MREE, 2.5 g protein/kg/day intake, stabilized albumin and transferrin levels). Infections were equally frequent: 1.86 episodes/TPN patient versus 1.89 episodes/ENT patient. While patient charges were much greater for TPN, the hospital costs were similar for TPN and ENT support regimens. These findings show that patients with head injuries are hypermetabolic for weeks, that only 27% are capable of spontaneously eating nutritional requirements by discharge, and that either TPN or ENT support is equally effective when prescribed according to individual measurements of MREE and nitrogen excretion.
The Meyer Reaction of Phenylnitromethane in Acid. I. The Reactions of Phenyl-<i>aci</i>-nitromethane in Acid (1971)

Phenyl-aci-nitromethane reacts in aqueous sulfuric acid at room temperature to form phenylnitromethane and benzohydroxamic acid. The relative amounts of these two products depend on the concentration of the acid. Benzohydroxamic acid is formed by reaction of the intermediate, benzonitrile oxide, with water.Solvent effects, substituent effects, and isotope effects have been studied to determine mechanisms for these reactions of phenyl-aci-nitromethane.