gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analytical algorithm for 3D cone-beam SPECT reconstruction with uniform attenuation correction (2002)

The authors present a new approach to three-dimensional (3D) image reconstruction, extending their results for the exponential Radon transform to inversion of the exponential cone-beam transform, which can serve as a mathematical model for 3D SPECT imaging. The authors apply a circular cone-beam scan and assume constant attenuation inside a convex area with a known boundary, which is satisfactory in brain imaging. Their method requires two computation steps: backprojection and filtering. The filter is implemented in the frequency domain and requires 2D Fourier transform of transverse slices. In order to obtain a shift invariant cone-beam projection-backprojection operator, the authors resort to an approximation, assuming that the collimator has a relatively large focal length. Nevertheless, numerical experiments demonstrate surprisingly good results for detectors with relatively short focal lengths. The use of a wavelet-based filtering algorithm greatly improves the stability to Poisson noise.
Encoding of modified X-Y trees for document classification (2002)

Describes a method for classifying document images on the basis of their physical layout. The layout is described by means of a hierarchical description, the modified X-Y tree, that is derived from the classical X-Y tree segmentation algorithm taking into account cuts along lines in addition to cuts along white spaces between blocks. In order to reduce problems due to noise and the skew of the input image, the modified X-Y tree is built on top of regions extracted by a commercial OCR package. The tree is afterwards coded into a fixed-size representation that takes into account occurrences of tree patterns in the tree representing the page. Lastly, this feature vector is fed to an artificial neural network that is trained to classify document images. The system is applied to the classification of documents belonging to digital libraries. Examples of classes taken into account are "title page", "index" and "regular page". Many tests have been carried out on a data set of more than 600 pages from an online digital library. These tests allowed us to conclude that the use of modified X-Y trees is advantageous with respect to the classical X-Y decomposition for this classification task.
Feline model for the study of frozen osteoarticular hemijoint transplantation: qualitative and quantitative assessment of bone healing. (1985)

Twenty-four outbred cats underwent massive osteoarticular allograft and control autograft transplantation, using the right distal femur with its articular cartilage, capsule, and medial collateral ligament intact. The cats were monitored clinically and radiographically for 1 year. Groups of cats (4 allografts and 2 control autografts) were euthanatized at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month intervals. At necropsy, the grafts were photographed and assessed for bone healing and replacement by standard radiography, quantitative 99mTc bone scans, microradiography, and histologic examination of decalcified and nondecalcified specimens. The osteosynthesis site of the allografts usually healed by 5 months, compared with the autografts that healed by 3 months. As illustrated by quantitative bone scans, creeping appositional new bone slowly invaded and replaced the allograft bone. Seemingly, the cat can be used as an acceptable and clinically comparable model for the massive osteoarticular allografts currently being used for the reconstruction of joints damaged or destroyed by neoplasm surgery in limb-sparing procedures in human beings. This model may also be used to assess the rate and method of bone healing.
The Protein Digestibility-Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS)—A Concept for Describing Protein Quality in Foods and Food Ingredients: A Critical Review (2005)

Protein Digestibility-Corrected Amino Score (PDCAAS) is discussed. PDCAAS is now widely used as a routine assay for protein quality evaluation, replacing the more traditional biological methods [e.g., measurement of the Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) in rats]. PDCAAS is based on comparison of the essential amino acid content of a test protein with that of a reference essential amino acid pattern and a correction for differences in protein digestibility as determined using a rat assay. Although PDCAAS is a rapid and useful method, it often shows discrepancies when compared to PER values. These discrepancies relate to the following issues: uncertainty about the validity of reference patterns, invalidity of correction for fecal (versus ileal) digestibility, truncation of PDCAAS values to 100%, failure to obtain full biological response after supplementation of the limiting essential amino acid, discrepancies between protein and amino acid digestibility, effects of processing on protein quality, and effects of the presence of antinutritional factors in the matrix containing the protein. Part of the discrepancy between PDCAAS and PER can be overcome by modifications of PDCAAS. This article describes some proposed modifications and puts forward the suggestion that the rat protein fecal digestibility assay be replaced by an in vitro ileal amino acid digestibility assay based on a computer-controlled gastrointestinal model.
Study on the Model for Horizontal Escape Maneuvers in TCAS (2010)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A new generation of traffic alert and collision-avoidance systems based on the Global Positioning System (GPS) and Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) is studied in this paper. Two horizontal escape maneuvers are proposed: One is to change speed but not flying direction, and the other is to change flying direction but not speed. The algorithms for conflict detection and collision avoidance are also presented. The relationships between turn angle, horizontal miss distance (HMD), and reserving time, as well as the relationships between speed, HMD, and reserving time, are calculated and analyzed. To effectively avoid collisions by horizontal escape maneuvers, the research results indicate that the speed of the host aircraft required to increase or decrease must be bounded within a speed range, and the angle of the host aircraft required to turn right or left must also be bounded within an angle range. </para>
On a conjecture of Conrad, Diamond, and Taylor (2005)

We prove a conjecture of Conrad, Diamond, and Taylor on the size of certain deformation rings parametrizing potentially Barsotti-Tate Galois representations. To achieve this, we extend results of Breuil and Mézard (classifying Galois lattices in semistable representations in terms of "strongly divisible modules") to the potentially crystalline case in Hodge-Tate weights (0, 1). We then use these strongly divisible modules to compute the desired deformation rings. As a corollary, we obtain new results on the modularity of potentially Barsotti-Tate representations.
A Degradable Blink-Tree with Periodic Data Reorganization (1995)

This paper develops a periodic data reorganization algorithm for the B link -tree data structure in concurrent environments, and identifies conditions under which the data reorganization should be performed in order to minimize the response time per access operation
Bacitracin: A New Antibiotic Produced by a Member of the <i>B. subtilis</i> Group (1945)

A new antibiotic "bacitracin" has been recovered from a strain of the B. subtilis group of organisms. It is neutral, water-soluble, non-toxic and relatively heat stable. In vitro it is active chiefly against Grampositive organisms, but the gonococcus and meningococcus are susceptible to its action. It is also active in vivo against experimentally produced hemolytic streptococcal infections in mice and gas gangrene infections in guinea pigs. Clinical use in hemolytic streptococcal and staphylococcal infections in man have given encouraging results.
Detection of People With Camouflage Pattern Via Dense Deconvolution Network (2018)

In this letter, we explore the detection of people with camouflage pattern in cluttered natural scenes. First, considering the lack of open evaluation and training data on camouflaged people detection, a specific dataset of camouflaged people in natural scenes is constructed by us for the first time to the best of our knowledge. Secon, due to the serious corruption of the discrimination of low-level features by the camouflage patterns and cluttered background, we extract the high-level semantic features in deep convolution network and introduce short connections in deconvolution phase, to construct the dense deconvolution network. In training procedure, we augment and shift the images of camouflaged people to generate the proper training data. Attributing to the usage and fusion of semantic information, the proposed network effectively labels the camouflaged people regions as a whole. Finally, we use the superpixel segmentation and spatial smoothness constraint for further improvement of the detection result. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the classical camouflaged object detection method and typical CNN-based detection methods.
Elevated nuclear YB1 expression is associated with poor survival of patients with early breast cancer. (2012)

We demonstrated that high nuclear expression of YB1 is associated with poor survival of patients with early-stage breast cancer.
Clayton, S., & Opotow, S. (Eds.). (2003). Identity and the Natural Environment: The Psychological Significance of Nature. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, ISBN 0-262-53206-9, 353 pp., $29.00 (paper). (2006)

"Clayton, S., & Opotow, S. (Eds.). (2003). Identity and the Natural Environment: The Psychological Significance of Nature. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, ISBN 0-262-53206-9, 353 pp., $29.00 (paper)." published on 03 Oct 2006 by Brill.
An Experimental Study on the Effect of Contaminated Lubricants on Wear Characteristics (1990)

To study deleterious effects of contaminants contained in lubricating systems, the effects of fine alumina particle concentration and size on the critical failure load, friction and wear characteristic were examined on boundary lubrication condition using the four ball machine. The following conclusions are deduced: The abrasive is found to cause a transition from mild wear to severe wear at less severe conditions than with clean oil. In mild wear region the friction and wear increase with particle size and concentration, but in severe wear region do not exhibit any definite trend. In relation to film thinckness there is a threshold of particle size beyond which the failure load no longer decreases with particle size.
Programming languages and dimensions (2021)

Scientists and engineers must ensure that the equations and formulae which they use are dimensionally consistent, but existing programming languages treat all numeric values as dimensionless. This thesis investigates the extension of programming languages to support the notion of physical dimension. A type system is presented similar to that of the programming language ML but extended with polymorphic dimension types. An algorithm which infers most general dimension types automatically is then described and proved correct. The semantics of the language is given by a translation into an explicitlytyped language in which dimensions are passed as arguments to functions. The operational semantics of this language is specified in the usual way by an evaluation relation defined by a set of rules. This is used to show that if a program is well-typed then no dimension errors can occur during its evaluation. More abstract properties of the language are investigated using a denotational semantics: these include a notion of invariance under changes in the units of measure used, analogous to parametricity in the polymorphic lambda calculus. Finally the dissertation is summarised and many possible directions for future research in dimension types and related type systems are described.
[Determination of tetrandrine in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography]. (2000)

The paper reports the determination of tetrandrine by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A C18 column was used and the mobile phase was methanol-water(80:20) containing 0.03% triethylamine, detective wave was at 282 nm, the internal standard was diazepam, the sample was extracted with ether. The linear range was from 0.289 microgram.ml-1 to 4.618 micrograms.ml-1, the average recovery rate was 95.8%. The coefficients of variation of within-day and day-to-day were less than 5%. This method is simple, rapid and accurate. It can be used in biomedical sample analysis of tetrandrine.
Digitalization Adoption among Malaysian SMEs: The Drivers and its’ Industry Based Heterogeneity (2021)

Digital technologies advancement has immersed in many aspects of our lives, be it an individual or a business. The fast moving technologies has fostered the growth of digital economy. Businesses which fail to adopt will eventually lose their competitive advantage. The pressing phenomena motivates the study of digitalization adoption among small and medium enterprises (SMEs), which account for the majority of the businesses worldwide. Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework was utilized to guide this study. The plausible difference between service based and non-service based industries was also examined. Quantitative approach via purposive sampling was performed to collect data from the SMEs. The data was analyzed using the concept of Hierarchical Component Model (HCM) for TOE constructs and Multi-Group Analysis (MGA) under the purview of Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). For more insightful findings, Importance Performance Matrix Analysis (IPMA) was conducted. The findings informed that Technology and Organization record significant positive influence on Digitalization Adoption among SMEs while there is heterogeneity between service based and non-service based industries.
1 Deliberative democracy and legitimacy (2006)

Abstract This chapter outlines the theory of deliberative democracy and deliberative institutions, highlighting the legitimacy problems — to do with the scale of the deliberations and the motivation to participate — as experienced by the organizers of a citizens’ jury in Leicester, England, in 2000. It explains the approach and methods, outlines the argument, and summarizes five cases of deliberation in the UK’s National Health Service.
ChemInform Abstract: THE HYDROGENATION OF HYDROCARBONS ON CATALYSTS ON THE SYSTEM POROUS GLASS‐METAL (1977)

Abstract Die katalytischen Aktivitäten und die Selektivität von Katalysatoren, die durch Imprägnieren von porösen Gläsern und Zeosorb‐Molekularsieben mit Pt‐, Pdoder Ni‐Salz‐Lösungen hergestellt wurden, wurden für die Hydrierung von Benzol, Cyclohexen undStyrol untersucht.
Native code compilation of Erlang's bit syntax (2002)

Erlang's bit syntax caters for flexible pattern matching on bit streams (objects known as binaries). Binaries are nowadays heavily used in typical Erlang applications such as protocol programming, which in turn has created a need for efficient support of the basic operations on binaries.To this effect, we describe a scheme for efficient native code compilation of Erlang's bit syntax. The scheme relies on partial translation for avoiding code explosion, and improves the performance of programs manipulating binaries by translating frequently occurring instances of BEAM instructions into native code via an intermediate translation to instructions of a register transfer language. Our performance evaluation shows that in a HiPE-enabled Erlang/OTP system, the obtained speedups are often significant.
Investigation on genetic traits and selection of interspecific somatic hybrid progenies in tobacco. (1989)

The interspecific somatic hybrid plants were produced in 1980 by protoplast fusions between N. tabacum and N. rustica, and N. tabacum and N. glauca. The results of this study on the genetic traits and selection of the hybrid progenies for seven years showed that the performances of the somatic hybrids (SH) were typical intermediate forms of the two species involved in each somatic hybridization, and that segregation began in SH3 and (SH)BC2 generations (the SH1 backcrossed to N. tabacum twice). However, stable lines and male sterile lines from SH1 until the present, were also obtained. The fertilities of the hybrid progenies were generally poor. The characteristics of the recurrent parent were accumulated, and the chromosome numbers of the hybrid plants were gradually decreased as the number of backcrossing generations increased. Some new types of tobacco with certain commercial values have been selected for used in the present study. The conclusion reached, based on our results, is that the somatic hybridization technology has now been successfully utilized to create unique breeding lines of tobacco, and represents a powerful, new tool for crop improvement.
Particle swarm optimization-based solution updating strategy for biogeography-based optimization (2016)

Biogeography-based optimization (BBO) is a powerful evolutionary algorithm inspired from the science of biogeography. It mainly uses the biogeography-based migration operator to share the information among individuals. In canonical BBO, according to the principle of immigration and emigration, poor solutions are like to be completely replaced by better ones. Consequently, this will lead to reduction of the population diversity. On the other hand, for Particle Swarm Optimization, a particle will learn from the global best solution and its own history best solution, which also deteriorate population diversity. In this paper, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) employs the selection mechanism of BBO and provides its solution updating strategy for BBO. A good particle has a large probability to be learned, while a poor particle has a small probability to be learned. In this way, the whole swarm can eliminate the affects from only one solution. The simulation is done using fourteen benchmark functions, and the results demonstrate that this hybrid BBO-PSO algorithm works efficiently.
XLII. <i>Experimental researches into the physiology of the human voice</i> (1836)

l~esearches into the Phgsiology of the Human Voice.201 those of the corresponding parts of a buffalo.The dimensions compared with those of the buffalo and camel are thus : Sivatherium.BuflMo.Camel.Depth of the jaw from the alveolus last molar 4"95 in.0"65 in.0"70 in.Greatest thickness of do .....
Generating fast logic circuits for m-select n-port Round Robin Arbitration (2013)

This paper generalizes the problem of Round Robin Arbitration (RRA) from 1-select to m-select (mRRA) and offers new circuit architectures for it. RRAs are found in networking equipment and computer systems with high throughput buses. We first propose fast/novel circuits for the fundamental problem of finding the first m 1's in an n-bit vector (from the left or right), i.e., generalized m-select Priority Encoder (mPE). The obvious solution to mPE is cascading m regular (1-select) PEs. Our solutions, however, are based on parallel prefix networks, where the nodes are replaced by “saturated adder”s. We use mPE as a building block to construct an mRRA, which has single cycle latency and can arbitrate up to m requests per clock cycle. We took two arbiters from the literature, TC-PPA (1-select) and 3DP2S (2-select), and generalized them into mRRAs, which we call mTC-PPA and 3DPmS-RRA. We wrote fully parameterized HDL code generators. Logic synthesis results show that mTC-PPA and 3DPmS-RRA are up to 100% faster than the cascade solution and have up to 65% smaller Area-Timing Products (ATP). Comparing mTC-PPA and 3DPmS-RRA, 3DPmS-RRA circuits are slightly faster than mTC-PPA on the average. In terms of ATP, mTC-PPA is superior by far and can be as small as 30% of 3DPmS-RRA.
Riluzole pharmacokinetics in young patients with spinal muscular atrophy (2010)

The dose of 50mg once a day was chosen for the clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of riluzole in SMA patients.
Efficient finite element method for aircraft deicing problems (1993)

In this article a finite element formulation based on an assumed states method is proposed for the solution of heat conduction problems with phase change at a fixed temperature. Attention is directed towards reduction of computer cost through the use of an efficient formulation, solver, and algorithm. The procedure is applied to the analysis of an electrothermally deiced aircraft surface. Nomenclature C* = apparent heat capacity CT = coefficient in Kirchhoff temperature function, dimensionless c = specific heat capacity H = enthalpy per unit volume h = heat-transfer coefficient k = thermal conductivity L = latent heat of fusion for ice n = unit normal vector q = rate of heat generation per unit volume T = temperature Tx = ambient temperature t = time AT = a small temperature interval 6 - Kirchhoff variable p = density Subscripts L - liquid m = melting point or element node number R = reference value 5 = solid w = two phase substance
Permanent implantation of the Jarvik-7 total artificial heart: a clinical perspective. (1988)

In this issue ofTHE JOURNAL, DeVries 1 reports the clinical courses of four patients in whom Jarvik-7 total artificial heart (TAH) prostheses were implanted as permanent cardiac substitutes. All four patients subsequently suffered serious complications; despite these, three patients achieved survival with the TAH for intervals of 112, 488, and 620 days. The Jarvik-7 prosthesis is a direct descendant of the early series of pneumatically driven TAH prostheses developed by Willem Kolff, MD, and colleagues working first at The Cleveland Clinic and later at the University of Utah. 2 In February 1963, Michael E. DeBakey, MD, proposed that the federal government support an organized program to develop a TAH. 3 Established at the National Institutes of Health in 1964, the Artificial Heart Program had as its goals the development of a broad spectrum of devices for short-term circulatory and longterm ventricular assistance as well as the development of TAH
[The oxidative DNA damage of monocytes and its in vitro repair by melatonin in patients with tuberculous pleurisy]. (2007)

There are oxidative DNA damage and oxidation/antioxidation imbalance in patients with tuberculous pleurisy, particularly in the diseased pleural cavity. Melatonin can facilitate, probably by its antioxidative effects, the in vitro repair of the damaged DNA of mononuclear cells from pleural effusion of patients with tuberculous pleurisy.
Impedimetric Label-Free Immunosensor on Disposable Modified Screen-Printed Electrodes for Ochratoxin A (2016)

An impedimetric label-free immunosensor on disposable screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) for quantitative determination of Ochratoxin A (OTA) has been developed. After modification of the SPCE surface with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), the anti-OTA was immobilized on the working electrode through a cysteamine layer. After each coating step, the modified surfaces were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The capacitance was chosen as the best parameter that describes the reproducible change in electrical properties of the electrode surface at different OTA concentrations and it was used to investigate the analytical parameters of the developed immunosensor. Under optimized conditions, the immunosensor showed a linear relationship between 0.3 and 20 ng/mL with a low detection limit of 0.25 ng/mL, making it suitable to control OTA content in many common food products. Lastly, the immunosensor was used to measure OTA in red wine samples and the results were compared with those registered with a competitive ELISA kit. The immunosensor was sensitive to OTA lower than 2 μg/kg, which represents the lower acceptable limit of OTA established by European legislation for common food products.