gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biological studies on amiclenomycin. (1975)

The action of amiclenomycin (AM) in inhibiting growth of microorganisms is specific against mycobacteria in vitro, but the antibiotic does not show a therapeutic effect against tubercle bacilli in vivo. The action of AM is reversed by biotin, desthiobiotin (DTB) and 7,8-diaminopelargonic acid (DAPA), but not by 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid (KAPA), pimelic acid and glutaric acid. In the presence of AM, cultures of Mycobacterium smegmatis and Bacillus sphaericus accumulated KAPA, whereas the formation of DTB decreased. Therefore, AM is thought to inhibit KAPA-DAPA transamination in biotin biosynthesis. In M. smegmatic and B. sphaericus the conversions of KAPA to DAPA and of DTB to biotin were rate limiting in biotin synthesis. Accordingly, the synergistic antibiotic activity of AM, inhibiting the former, and actithiazic acid, inhibiting the latter reaction, would be simply explained.
Direct identification of class II histocompatibility DR proteins in preparations of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (1987)

Class II histocompatibility DR antigen alpha and beta chains were isolated from preparations of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III grown in human H-9 cells. The proteins were purified by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography and identified by direct N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of each chain. The purified DR alpha chain had an N-terminal amino acid sequence identical to the known sequence of human DR alpha chain through the first 37 residues. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified DR beta chain was identical to that of human DR4 beta chain. The DR alpha and beta chains appeared to be identical to the p34-36K and p30-32K proteins, respectively, concentrated in immunostimulatory complexes prepared from unfractionated virus and were the major immunogens in these complexes. These proteins represent a ready source of antigens which can cause false-positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reactions in individuals previously exposed to allogenic histocompatibility antigens. The removal of the DR chains from virus preparations by use of available monoclonal antibodies or other means should result in a lower rate of initial false-positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reactions.
Altered Insulin Distribution and Metabolism in Type I Diabetics Assessed by [<sup>123</sup>I]Insulin Scanning* (1987)

Scintigraphic scanning with [123I]insulin provides a direct and quantitative assessment of insulin uptake and disappearance at specific organ sites. Using this technique, the biodistribution and metabolism of insulin were studied in type 1 diabetic patients and normal subjects. The major organ of [123I]insulin uptake in both diabetic and normal subjects was the liver. After iv injection in normal subjects, the uptake of [123I]insulin by the liver was rapid, with peak activity at 7 min. Activity declined rapidly thereafter, consistent with rapid insulin degradation and clearance. Rapid uptake of [123I]insulin also occurred in the kidneys, although the uptake of insulin by the kidneys was about 80% of that by liver. In type 1 diabetic patients, uptake of [123I]insulin in these organ sites was lower than that in normal subjects; peak insulin uptakes in liver and kidneys were 21% and 40% lower than those in normal subjects, respectively. The kinetics of insulin clearance from the liver was comparable in diabetic and normal subjects, whereas clearance from the kidneys was decreased in diabetics. The plasma clearance of [123I]insulin was decreased in diabetic patients, as was insulin degradation, assessed by trichloroacetic acid precipitability. Thirty minutes after injection, 70.9 +/- 3.8% (+/- SEM) of [123I]insulin in the plasma of diabetics was trichloroacetic acid precipitable vs. only 53.9 +/- 4.0% in normal subjects. A positive correlation was present between the organ uptake of [123I]insulin in the liver or kidneys and insulin degradation (r = 0.74; P less than 0.001). Both decreased insulin uptake in the liver and kidneys and decreased insulin degradation were inversely correlated to the binding capacity of antiinsulin antibodies in plasma of diabetics (r = -0.87 to -0.92; P less than 0.001). In summary, type 1 diabetic patients have altered patterns of insulin biodistribution and metabolism, with decreased organ uptake and slow degradation of [123I]insulin, which correlated with the insulin antibody-binding capacity of their serum. Thus, antiinsulin antibodies, even at subclinical concentrations, may modulate the metabolic effects of insulin in the diabetic by prolonging the biological half-life of the hormone as well as by altering its distribution and uptake at specific organ sites.
Antenna Impact on the Gauging Accuracy of Industrial Radar Level Measurements (2011)

This paper deals with a systematic evaluation of the antenna impact on the gauging accuracy of industrial radar level measurements for process automation. By this means, a framework is provided by which the antenna parameters of major influence on the gauging accuracy can be identified. Guidelines are given to what extent an improvement of these parameters results in a measurable accuracy increase. Firstly, the radar system theory for monostatic level gauging and the emulation of such radar systems by software and hardware are briefly reviewed. Secondly, an analytical model of traveling-wave endfire antennas is introduced, allowing to separately study the influence of individual antenna parameters on the distance measurement accuracy. Thus, a direct relationship between characteristic antenna properties, such as the level of the pattern attenuation in the direction of a parasitic scatterer, and the gauging performance is obtained. The investigations are conducted for one specific pulse-based barycentric signal-processing scheme, which is predestined for industrial level gauging due to its low complexity and reliability. Finally, the results are verified by measurements within a compact radar test range.
Hemoglobin switching in sheep and goats. VI. Commitment of erythroid colony-forming cells to the synthesis of betaC globin. (1976)

Bone marrow from mature goats and sheep was cultured in plasma clots, and three erythropoietin (ESF)-dependent responses-growth (colony formation), differentiation (globin production), and initiation of hemoglobin C (alpha2beta2C) synthesis--were quantitated. ESF concentrations below 0.01 U/ml supported colony growth and adult hemoglobin production in cultures of goat marrow, while maximal hemoglobin C synthesis (70%), as measured between 72 and 96 h in culture, required a 100-fold higher ESF concentration. Sheep marrow was cultured in a medium enriched to enhance growth and to permit complete maturation of colonies. These colonies active in hemoglobin synthesis between 24 and 96 h produced mainly adult hemoglobin, and only between 96 and 120 h did sheep colonies develop which produced mainly hemoglobin C (up to 70%). A similar heterogeneity may exist among goat colonies. Thus, when goat bone marrow was fractionated by unit gravity sedimentation, more hemoglobin C synthesis was observed in colonies derived from cells of intermediate sedimentation velocity than in colonies derived from the most rapidly sedimenting cells. Brief exposure of sheep (in vivo) and goat (in vitro) bone marrow to a high ESF concentration committed precursor cells to the generation of colonies which, even at low ESF concentration, produced hemoglobin C. Committment to hemoglobin phenotype appears to be an early and probably irreversible event in the development of an erythroid cell.
[Evaluation of long-term immunotherapy in patients with lupus nephritis]. (1989)

In 177 patients with lupus nephritis in the course of three decades three methods of immunotherapy were used the effect of which was evaluated retrospectively. When the criterium of the survival period was used, it was revealed that from a group of 66 patients treated only with glucocorticoids (mainly prednisone by the oral route) less than 60% survived five years the onset of lupus nephritis, only 33% survived 10 years. From a group of 81 patients treated with glucocorticoids and cytostatics (mostly cyclophosphamide by the oral route) 80% survived five years and 50% ten years, while in a group of 30 patients treated with glucocorticoids, cyclophosphamide and levamisole 90% survive five years and as many as 70% ten years from the onset of lupus nephritis. From the onset of SLE however as many as 80% survived ten years in all three analyzed groups, which provides evidence that lupus nephritis accounts for the greatest mortality in patients with SLE, as renal failure was the cause of death in one third of the patients. As to complications, secondary infections were recorded in almost 30% of the patients, incl. 9% lethal ones, non-infections complications less than 5%. The authors discuss assumed mechanism of the action of combined immunotherapy, which holds a priority position, as compared with glucocorticoid monotherapy.
Oscillations with TCP-Like Flow Control in Networks of Queues (2006)

We consider a set of flows passing through a set of servers. The injection rate into each flow is governed by a flow control that increases the injection rate when all the servers on the flow’s path are empty and decreases the injection rate when some server is congested. We show that if each server’s congestion is governed by the arriving traffic at the server then the system can *oscillate*. This is in contrast to previous work on flow control where congestion was modeled as a function of the flow injection rates and the system was shown to converge to a steady state that maximizes an overall network utility.
Mask tuning for process window improvement (2011)

For the next years optical lithography stays at 193nm with a numerical aperture of 1.35. Mask design becomes more complex, mask and lithography specifications tighten. The k1 factor comes close to 0.25 which leads to a tremendously increased Mask Error Enhancement Factor (MEEF). This means that CD errors on mask are getting highly amplified on wafer. Process control becomes more important than ever. Accurate process control is a key factor to success to maintain a high yield in chip production. One key parameter to ensure a high and reliable functionality for any integrated circuit is the critical dimension uniformity (CDU). There are different contributors which impact the intra-field CD performance at wafer such as mask CD uniformity, scanner fingerprint, resist process etc. In the present work we focus on improvement of mask CD signature which is one of the main contributors to intra-field CD uniformity. The mask CD uniformity has been measured by WLCD32 which measures the CD based on proven aerial image technology. Based on this CD input the CD uniformity was corrected by CDC200<sup>TM</sup> and afterwards verified by WLCD32 measurement. The CDC200<sup>TM</sup> tool utilizes an ultrafast femto-second laser to write intra-volume shading elements (Shade-In Elements<sup>TM</sup>) inside the bulk material of the mask. By adjusting the density of the shading elements, the light transmission through the mask is locally changed in a manner that improves wafer CDU when the corrected mask is printed. Additionally, the impact of the improved CD uniformity on the lithography process window was investigated. Goal of the work is to establish a process flow for mask CD uniformity improvement based on mask CD metrology by WLCD32 and mask CD uniformity control by CDC200<sup>TM</sup> and to verify its impact on the lithography process window. The proposed process flow will be validated by wafer prints. It was shown that the WLCD32 has an excellent correlation to wafer data and an outstanding CD repeatability. It provides a reliable input for CD uniformity correction and is the tool of choice to verify the CD uniformity improvement after CDC200<sup>TM</sup> treatment.
Diamond semiconductor JFETs by selectively grown n<sup>&#x002B;</sup>-diamond side gates for next generation power devices (2012)

Diamond semiconductor is an attractive material for next-generation power devices due to its wide band-gap, high breakdown field, and high thermal conductivity. By selective n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -type diamond growth, diamond junction field effect transistors (JFETs) were fabricated and operated from 223 to 573 K. JFETs show very low leakage currents in the 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−15</sup> A range and a steep subthreshold slope (SS) of 81 mV/decade at room temperature. We confirm that the devices possess steep SS and low leakage current in the 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−14</sup> -10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−15</sup> A r a n ge s up to 423 K.
<scp>Fe</scp>‐<scp>S</scp>‐Based<scp>l</scp>‐Serine Dehydratases (2016)

Abstract l ‐Serine dehydratases are nonredox iron‐sulfur proteins that convert l ‐serine to pyruvate and ammonia. They are found only in bacteria and contain a diamagnetic [4Fe‐4S] 2+ center that acts as a Lewis acid. In addition to a catalytic domain that contains the Fe‐S cluster, they also possess at least one other structural domain that may be involved in the regulation of catalytic activity. At least four types are known that are differentiated based on their domain arrangements and number of polypeptide chains. The available crystal structure is that from Legionella pneumophila , which shows a bilobal molecule with the active site at the interface of two domains. In this structure, a C‐terminal cysteine residue forms a fourth coordination site with the Fe‐S cluster that appears to act as an intrinsic competitive inhibitor as it interacts with the cluster in a manner very similar to that which would be required by the substrate. Kinetic evidence supports a model where l ‐serine binds to a second noncatalytic site to activate the enzyme and induce the opening of the active site to substrate.
A Case of Bilateral Optic Nerve Head Drusen-Induced Inferior Altitudinal Hemianopsia (2015)

The current case involved a 59-year-old woman who was referred to our hospital with bilateral optic nerve abnormality and gradually progressive bilateral inferior visual field defects. An ophthalmological examination revealed superficial optic nerve head drusen (ONHD) and bilateral inferior altitudinal hemianopsia, but no intracranial lesions. The results of an angiogram revealed no evidence of retinal vascular occlusion or anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (AION). Prior reports suggested that drusen-induced hemianopsia was slowly progressive but that ONHD-induced AION caused acute altitudinal hemianopsia, which led us to the diagnosis of bilateral drusen-induced altitudinal hemianopsia.
Morphological adaptation of <b> <i>Pseudomonas nautica</i> </b> strain 617 to growth on eicosane and modes of eicosane uptake (1997)

Journal Article Morphological adaptation of Pseudomonas nautica strain 617 to growth on eicosane and modes of eicosane uptake Get access D. R. Husain, D. R. Husain Centre d'Océanologie de Marseille URA 41, Marseille, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Goutx, M. Goutx Centre d'Océanologie de Marseille URA 41, Marseille, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Bezac, C. Bezac Centre d'Océanologie de Marseille URA 41, Marseille, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Gilewicz, M. Gilewicz Centre d'Océanologie de Marseille URA 41, Marseille, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.‐C. Bertrand J.‐C. Bertrand Centre d'Océanologie de Marseille URA 41, Marseille, France Professor Jean‐Claude Bertrand Centre d'Océanologie de Marseille URA 41, F‐13288 Marseille, Cedex 9, France (e‐mail : bertrand@com.univ‐mrs.fr). Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Letters in Applied Microbiology, Volume 24, Issue 1, 1 January 1997, Pages 55–58, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765X.1997.00345.x Published: 01 January 1997 Article history Received: 05 April 1996 Accepted: 19 June 1996 Published: 01 January 1997
Nonlinear dynamics in flow through unsaturated fractured-porous media: Status and perspectives (2002)

The need has long been recognized to improve predictions of flow and transport in partially saturated heterogeneous soils and fractured rock of the vadose zone for many practical applications, such as remediation of contaminated sites, nuclear waste disposal in geological formations, and climate predictions. Until recently, flow and transport processes in heterogeneous subsurface media with oscillating irregularities were assumed to be random and were not analyzed using methods of nonlinear dynamics. The goals of this paper are to review the theoretical concepts, present the results, and provide perspectives on investigations of flow and transport in unsaturated heterogeneous soils and fractured rock, using the methods of nonlinear dynamics and deterministic chaos. The results of laboratory and field investigations indicate that the nonlinear dynamics of flow and transport processes in unsaturated soils and fractured rocks arise from the dynamic feedback and competition between various nonlinear physical processes along with complex geometry of flow paths. Although direct measurements of variables characterizing the individual flow processes are not technically feasible, their cumulative effect can be characterized by analyzing time series data using the models and methods of nonlinear dynamics and chaos. Identifying flow through soil or rock as a nonlinear dynamical system is important for developing appropriate short- and long-time predictive models, evaluating prediction uncertainty, assessing the spatial distribution of flow characteristics from time series data, and improving chemical transport simulations. Inferring the nature of flow processes through the methods of nonlinear dynamics could become widely used in different areas of the earth sciences.
Relationships among central crack length, crack velocity and fracture surface marks in a center-cracked specimen of PMMA under tension. (1989)

We previously reported that the experimental crack velocity in a center-cracked specimen of unsaturated polyester resin is well expressed by one of the three different velocity equations of a constant stress, a mixed condition and a constant strain due to the central crack length C01 under tension. Here, we show that the three different velocity equations are well fitted to express the velocity of fast fracture in PMMA sheet specimens having different crack lengths. The experimental crack velocity generally decreases as the crack length increases, and its change with the relative crack length C1/C01. The velocity expressions, combined with the existing relation between crack velocity and a dynamic stress-intensity factor, give the variations of the dynamic stress-intensity factor and a dynamic strain-energy release rate with C1/C01 for the specimens, both of which are in qualitative agreement with the experimental variations of the number of fracture surface marks and their density in the specimens.
Genetic analysis of the role of G protein–coupled receptor signaling in electrotaxis (2002)

Cells display chemotaxis and electrotaxis by migrating directionally in gradients of specific chemicals or electrical potential. Chemotaxis in Dictyostelium discoideum is mediated by G protein-coupled receptors. The unique Gbeta is essential for all chemotactic responses, although different chemoattractants use different receptors and Galpha subunits. Dictyostelium amoebae show striking electrotaxis in an applied direct current electric field. Perhaps electrotaxis and chemotaxis share similar signaling mechanisms? Null mutation of Gbeta and cAMP receptor 1 and Galpha2 did not abolish electrotaxis, although Gbeta-null mutations showed suppressed electrotaxis. By contrast, G protein signaling plays an essential role in chemotaxis. G protein-coupled receptor signaling was monitored with PHcrac-green fluorescent protein, which translocates to inositol phospholipids at the leading edge of cells during chemotaxis. There was no intracellular gradient of this protein during electrotaxis. However, F-actin was polymerized at the leading edge of cells during electrotaxis. We conclude that reception and transduction of the electrotaxis signal are largely independent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling and that the pathways driving chemotaxis and electrotaxis intersect downstream of heterotrimeric G proteins to invoke cytoskeletal elements.
Stable Core Gut Microbiota across the Freshwater-to-Saltwater Transition for Farmed Atlantic Salmon (2017)

Gut microbiota associations through habitat transitions are fundamentally important yet poorly understood. One such habitat transition is the migration from freshwater to saltwater for anadromous fish, such as salmon. The aim of the current work was therefore to determine the freshwater-to-saltwater transition impact on the gut microbiota in farmed Atlantic salmon, with dietary interventions resembling freshwater and saltwater diets with respect to fatty acid composition. Using deep 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantitative PCR, we found that the freshwater-to-saltwater transition had a major association with the microbiota composition and quantity, while diet did not show significant associations with the microbiota. In saltwater there was a 100-fold increase in bacterial quantity, with a relative increase of <i>Firmicutes</i> and a relative decrease of both <i>Actinobacteria</i> and <i>Proteobacteria</i> Irrespective of an overall shift in microbiota composition from freshwater to saltwater, we identified three core clostridia and one <i>Lactobacillus</i>-affiliated phylotype with wide geographic distribution that were highly prevalent and co-occurring. Taken together, our results support the importance of the dominating bacteria in the salmon gut, with the freshwater microbiota being immature. Due to the low number of potentially host-associated bacterial species in the salmon gut, we believe that farmed salmon can represent an important model for future understanding of host-bacterium interactions in aquatic environments.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Little is known about factors affecting the interindividual distribution of gut bacteria in aquatic environments. We have shown that there is a core of four highly prevalent and co-occurring bacteria irrespective of feed and freshwater-to-saltwater transition. The potential host interactions of the core bacteria, however, need to be elucidated further.
Dopamine/Serotonin Receptor Ligands. Part 4. Synthesis and Pharmacology of Novel 3‐Benzazecines and 3‐Benzazonines as Potential 5‐HT<sub>2A</sub> and Dopamine Receptor Ligands. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
CLOS and C++: A Comparison (1993)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction, Classes and Instances, Inheritance, Generic Functions and Methods, Method Combination, Encapsulation, System Evolution and Customization, Conclusions, Bibliography, Notes