gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous ablation of kidney tumors in nonsurgical candidates. (2005)

Although resection currently remains the standard of care for renal carcinoma, the search for less invasive treatments has led to alternative surgical approaches. Even less invasive, and appropriate for many groups of patients, is percutaneous radiofrequency ablation, which induces tumor necrosis via lethal hyperthermia. Multiple series of renal tumors treated with percutaneous ablation in vivo and left in situ have been published; these series reveal that for small renal tumors, radiofrequency ablation results in complete necrosis at imaging in 79% to 100% of cases. Because current results come from tumors left in situ with short postablation follow-up, long-term results are necessary to compare outcomes to surgical standards. Complication rates are lower than those following partial nephrectomy. Future reports will shed light on the long-term outcomes of percutaneous ablation and the relative advantages and disadvantages of various technologies for thermal ablation.
Neck Circumference and Difficult Intubation (2008)

In Response: In response to the issues about our study raised by Hassani and Kessell,1 our study included lean as well as obese patients.2 We agree that a limitation of our study was the lack of blinding. However, it is difficult to assess difficult intubation using a validated score (intubation difficulty scale),3 with blinded anesthesiologists. Moreover, the aim of our study was not known to the anesthesiologist who intubated the tracheas of either lean or obese patients. The anesthesiologists were only aware of classical bedside tests and not of neck circumstance (NC). We choose intubation difficulty scale because it is an objective score that is more accurate than “difficult” or “easy.” The preponderance of females in our study represented the sex ratio in our obese surgical population and sex was not a predictive factor of difficult intubation. Finally, when searching for factors predicting difficult intubation, we need to define both specificity as well as sensitivity of the test. Neck circumference alone is a sensitive test (92%) meaning that NC <43 tracheal intubation will probably be uneventful. In combination with Mallampati's score, it becomes more specific (92%) meaning that, if both NC >43 and Mallampati >3, tracheal intubation will probably be difficult. In other words, although not a perfect predictor of difficult intubation, NC is a useful and easily performed bedside test that helps the anesthesiologist in the matter of airway assessment. However, we agree with Hassani and Kessell,1 that this cutoff value has to be assessed prospectively. Vincent Minville, MD Hélène Gonzalez Olivier Fourcade Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care University Hospital of Toulouse Toulouse, France [email protected]
Imaging CXCL12-CXCR4 Signaling and Inhibition in Ovarian Cancer (2012)

Abstract : CXCR4 and its chemokine ligand CXCL12 are potential targets for molecular therapy of ovarian cancer. Receptor CXCR4 is expressed by ovarian cancer cells in approximately 50% of patients. High levels of CXCL12 are present in ascites of patients with ovarian cancer, providing a local source of chemokine ligand in the tumor microenvironment. CXCL12 signaling through CXCR4 activates pathways that could promote tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy. To advance clinical translation of CXCR4 inhibitors for therapy of ovarian cancer, we developed molecular imaging reporters for CXCR4 signaling that can be used for cell-based assays and real-time imaging studies in mouse xenograft models of ovarian cancer. After validating that these reporters correspond with biochemical measures of CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling, we used optical imaging to quantify pharmacodynamics of therapy for CXCR4 targeted inhibitors in mice with ovarian cancer. Treatment studies established that inhibiting CXCR4 prolonged survival of mice with ovarian cancer and potentially could improve treatment efficacy of a standard chemotherapeutic drug, cisplatin.
Oxidative/Nitrosative Brain Damage in Stress: Possible Target for Neuropsychopharmacological Drugs (2004)

It has been reported that the mechanisms more directly implicated in the development and maintenance of stress-induced brain pathology in animals and humans are the high and persistent levels of glucocorticoids and excitatory amino acids. Recent findings indicate a key role for nitric oxide (NO) and the excess of pro-oxidants in various brain structures as responsible of both neuronal functional impairment (decrease in glutamate uptake, mitochondrial damage) and structural damage. Similarly, other known source of oxidants, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) accounts for stress-induced brain damage. The stress-induced activation of both biochemical pathways depends on the activation of the NMDA subtype of glutamate receptor and on the activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NFκB). In the case of iNOS, the release of the cytokine TNFα also accounts for its activity. Different pharmacological strategies acting at different sites in iNOS or COX-2 pathways have been shown to be neuroprotective in stress-induced brain damage: NMDA receptor blockers, inhibitors of TNFα activation and release, inhibitors of NFκB activity, and specific inhibitors of iNOS and COX-2 activities. This article reviews the main contributions addressing a possible new pharmacological target for stress-induced neuropsychiatric disorders. Keywords: cyclooxygenase, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, neuroprotection nitric oxide, stress
Characterization of Two Types of Fetal Hemoglobin: cy2'y2 and cy2*y2 (2013)

ETAL HEMOGLOBIN (HbF) contains two types of y F chain that differ in the amino acid residue at the 136th position: one type has alanine (Ay) as its residue and the other, glycine (‘y).’ There are usually two y-chain genes per chromosome, and the ‘y and Ay chains are the products of nonallelic tandem gene^.^.^ HbF isolated from red blood cells of newborns contains about 70% ‘y chain and 30% Ay chain, a proportion that is constant throughout fetal de~elopment.~.’ In contrast, the small amount of HbF found in adult red blood cells contains about 40% ‘7 chain and 60% chain.5 The transition from the fetal ‘yAy ratio to the “adult” ratio takes place during the first 10 months of Clinical severity in sickle cell disease is quite varied. The concept that elevation of HbF should favorably influence morbidity in persons with sickle cell anemia has been supported by both biochemical and clinical studies. Modification of clinical expression may also relate in part to the chromosomal background of the sickle mutation, in particular to four major haplotypes: Benin, Senegal, Central African Republic (Bantu), and Arab-Indian.’.l2 The clinical course may depend not only on HbF level but perhaps also on the fraction of ‘7 present in HbF.I2 For instance, ArabIndian haplotypes associated with HbF levels ranging from 18% to 25% have a ‘y:totaI y ratio of 0.60. Sickle cell patients with the Senegal haplotype who have 12.3% * 5.3% HbF have a ‘7 fraction of 0.67. Both of these haplotypes are associated with a milder clinical course, less severe anemia, and fewer dense irreversibly-sickled cells than are other hap lo type^.^'''^ In contrast, patients homozygous for Benin
Bleeding lipomas of the upper gastrointestinal tract. A diagnostic challenge. (1985)

Submucosal lipoma of the upper gastrointestinal tract is a rare benign tumor. However, it may present as both a diagnostic problem and as a life threatening lesion due to exsanguinating hemorrhage. The authors report four patients with significant upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to ulcerating lipomas. In two patients the lesions were gastric and in two patients the lesions were duodenal in origin. In no instance could the diagnosis of lipoma be accurately established short of operative intervention because of unusual morphologic features. Surgical extirpation was necessary to stop the bleeding and establish the histologic diagnosis of the tumor.
Effect of temperature on the ethylene-synthesizing systems in apple, tomato and <italic>Penicillium digitatum</italic> (1977)

Arrhenius plots of ethylene-synthesizing systems of apple and tomato showed discontinuities while the plot for Penicillium digitatum was linear. Triton X-100 markedly lowered the activation energies of the apple and tomato systems without altering that of the fungal system. The data presented suggest that the lipid micro-environment of the ethylene-synthesizing enzyme systems in higher plants and P. digitatum are different, and that cell membrane-cell wall complex may be the site of ethylene-synthesizing enzymic systems in higher plants.
On the adoption of WLAN for capacity improvement of 3G networks using the multi-access framework (2006)

With the increasing demand for data services over the cellular networks, their operators are faced with the issue of providing the requested capacities while maintaining the service quality levels. Multi-access networks can be a cost effective way of raising those capacities, as it provides means to aggregate radio resources from the adopted radio access technologies (RAT) involved. This work tries to clarify the capacity gains concerning the usage of the WLAN 802.11a in addition to the UTRAN, while employing the multi-access framework as the enabling technology. This evaluation is based on a dynamic system-level multi-access simulator, comprised of a good and detailed level of the modeling concerning the involved technologies and concepts. Considering the used assumptions and modeling, it is shown that capacity gains of up to approximately 380% can be achieved with the WLAN employment.
Pharmacokinetics of Propofol Infusions in Patients with Cirrhosis (1991)

SERVIN, E.; COCKSHOTT, I. D.; FARINOTTI, R.; HABERER, J. P.; WINCKLER, C.; DESMONTS, J. M. Author Information
Suppression of Cavity Resonant Edge Effects and PDN impedance using absorbing material (2015)

Cavity Resonant Edge Effects (CREE) in printed circuit boards (PCBs) and packages can cause severe power integrity (PI) and electromagnetic interference/compatibility (EMI/EMC) issues. Electromagnetic radiation from PCB edges are major sources of EMI/EMC problems in electronic devices. Power supply noise, in the form of fast changing currents (di/dt), traverses the power-return paths of PCBs and packages using power vias. CREE produces considerable level of noise along the edges of PCB and package power planes due to signal coupling between vias and reflection along PCB edges with transient currents. In this paper, we investigate an approach to minimize cavity resonant noise by placing absorbing material along the edges of a PCB board. The upper peak (anti-resonant) impedance of the power distribution network (PDN) is reduced significantly. In this paper the simulated example shows the absorbing material reduces the upper impedance peaks as much as to 8% comparing to the impedance peaks without absorption material. Conclusively, the results show that adding absorbing material along the PCB edges significantly improves the noise issues by suppressing CREE.
The Role of Second Messengers in Neurodegeneration (2000)

Integration of environmental cues and signals in the central nervous system is dependent on fine-tuning of excitatory and inhibitory nervous activity. The vast majority of excitatory neurotransmission processes are mediated by the excitatory amino acid glutamate and aspartate acting on a variety of excitatory amino acid receptors (1–4). These receptors are either forming ion channels or are coupled to G-proteins and, hence, they are named ionotropic and metabotropic receptors, respectively (see ref. 3).
Rac Regulation of Transformation, Gene Expression, and Actin Organization by Multiple, PAK-Independent Pathways (1997)

Rac1 and RhoA are members of the Rho family of Ras-related proteins and function as regulators of actin cytoskeletal organization, gene expression, and cell cycle progression. Constitutive activation of Rac1 and RhoA causes tumorigenic transformation of NIH 3T3 cells, and their functions may be required for full Ras transformation. The effectors by which Rac1 and RhoA mediate these diverse activities, as well as the interrelationship between these events, remain poorly understood. Rac1 is distinct from RhoA in its ability to bind and activate the p65 PAK serine/threonine kinase, to induce lamellipodia and membrane ruffling, and to activate the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK). To assess the role of PAK in Rac1 function, we identified effector domain mutants of Rac1 and Rac1-RhoA chimeric proteins that no longer bound PAK. Surprisingly, PAK binding was dispensable for Rac1-induced transformation and lamellipodium formation, as well as activation of JNK, p38, and serum response factor (SRF). However, the ability of Rac1 to bind to and activate PAK correlated with its ability to stimulate transcription from the cyclin D1 promoter. Furthermore, Rac1 activation of JNK or SRF, or induction of lamellipodia, was neither necessary nor sufficient for Rac1 transforming activity. Finally, the signaling pathways that mediate Rac1 activation of SRF or JNK were distinct from those that mediate Rac1 induction of lamellipodia. Taken together, these observations suggest that Rac1 regulates at least four distinct effector-mediated functions and that multiple pathways may contribute to Rac1-induced cellular transformation.
Existence of cysteic acid-related compound in the dark muscle of common mackerel. (1988)

In a previous paper it was observed that the high peak of an unidentified substance appeared just before taurine peak on the chromatogram of amino acid analysis from dark muscle of fishes. After hydrolyzing the dark muscle extracts of common mackerel Scomber japonicus, this peak almost disappeared and a new peak was observed in an earlier position on the chromatogram. The peak was not considered to be that of a peptide because other amino compounds were produced only in trace amounts after the hydrolysis, except glycine which was produced from nucleotide and its relat-ed compounds such as inosinic acid in the muscle extracts. Because crystallization could not be performed successfully before the hydrolysis, the substance was isolated from the hydrolyzed dark muscle extracts by the 2-step column chromatography using AG 50 W×8 (H+ form, 200-400 mesh, 2.6×40cm column) and AG 2×8(OH- form, 20-50 mesh, 2.6×40cm column). The molecular weight of the isolated compound was estimated to be 169 from the results of ultimate analysis and 13C-NMR spectra. An IR spectrum indicated peak characteristics of -COOH, -NH2 and -SO3H at 1750cm-1, 1600cm-1 and 1230cm-1, respectively. From these results, the isolated compound was identified as cysteic acid. It was assumed from the chromatographic behaviour of the substance before and after the hydrolysis that cysteic acid-related compound existed in the dark muscle of fish.
Porous Fiber Metal Thermal Barrier Materials (1982)

Fiber metal thermal barriers are used where low thermal conductivity and mechanical integrity are required. Fiber metal materials have good insulating characteristics at low densities; product thermal conductivity is influenced more by numerous air filled pores than by heat flow through the metal fiber skeleton. Fiber metal thermal barriers are produced as randomly oriented fiber sheets in both sintered and unsintered form. Product properties are controlled by choice of alloy, fiber diameter, and porosity (or density). Fiber metal thermal barriers combine insulating properties, mechanical strength and elasticity, oxidation resistance, and temperature capability to 2000°F. Applications include ceramic coating substrates, insulating abradable seals, space shuttle fuel lines and engine components.
Geometric effects in high‐temperature vapour‐phase lubrication using hydrocarbon feed gases (2002)

Abstract The effectiveness of ‘far‐field’ vapour‐phase lubrication, in which areas of a bearing surface that are cycled through the contact are exposed to vapour while outside the contact, has been demonstrated in both sliding and combined roll slide tests using acetylene vapours to deposit pyrolytic graphite. Friction coefficients as low as μ = 0.008 have been measured for steel at 540°C with far‐field acetylene concentrations as low as 5%. Effective vapour‐phase lubrication depends on solid lubricant deposition that exceeds the contact's capacity to remove solid lubricant through wear. While the rate of removal is increased by increasing the sliding velocity, in far‐field vapour‐phase lubrication the rate of lubricant deposition, and therefore the lubrication effectiveness, is augmented by increased areas available for far‐field deposition, such as those provided by performing wear tests with increased wear‐track diameters. These geometric concepts may be considered in rolling‐element bearing and gear set applications where vapour‐phase lubrication is to be employed.
A Method of Automatic Scanning Beam Control of Television Camera Tube (1975)

撮像管の走査ビーム量を被写体の明るさに応じて制御する方法は, 撮像管の光量範囲を広げるうえで効果がある.その方法のひとつに, 信号成分を撮像管のビーム制御電極に帰還させる方式があるが, これには原因不明の発振現象が付随していた.本論文はその発振原因を究明するとともに, 回路が正常に動作するための安定条件を示す.さらに撮像管のターゲット面からの戻りビーム成分を帰還させる新しいビーム量制御方式についても述べる.
<title>Fiber optic gyros for space, marine, and aviation applications</title> (1996)

Fiber-optic gyroscopes (FOGs) are under development at Honeywell as the primary next generation inertial sensor. The open-loop FOG technology has been successfully transitioned to production for attitude heading reference systems and the results of this effort are reported. New developments in closed-loop FOG technology aimed at high performance space applications and at navigation grade aviation applications, are underway. In the former case, results on a high precision FOG are reported. In the latter case, special emphasis is placed on improvements of depolarized FOG technology, which promises to produce a low cost navigation grade sensor.
A Review of the Laser Pyrolysis Technique Used to Synthesize Vanadium and Tungsten Oxide Thin Films (2011)

Laser pyrolysis is one of the most important and emerging techniques used to synthesize thin films, nano-powders and nano-structured materials. The advantages in this technique include: a well defined interaction volume, no interactions with the reactor chamber walls hence less impurities, and the attainment of very fine particles. In this paper we briefly review the development and the current status of laser pyrolysis world wide. However, the main focus is an overview of our efforts to synthesize vanadium and tungsten oxides using this technique since 2006. We discuss the role of the laser pyrolysis parameters: the beam waist, interaction volume, carrier gas flow rates, laser wavelength and power density on the phase, size and shape of the final products obtained.
Dissecting HDAC3-mediated tumor progression (2008)

AbstractCommentary to:HDAC3 impacts multiple oncogenic pathways in colon cancer cells with effects on Wnt and vitamin D signalingCassandra A. Godman, Rashmi Joshi, Brendan R. Tierney, Emily Greenspan, Theodore P. Rasmussen, Hsin-wei Wang, Dong-Guk Shin, Daniel W. Rosenberg, Charles Giardina
Superconducting glass-ceramic rods in BiCaSrCu2O<i>x</i> prepared by crystallization under a temperature gradient (1988)

Superconducting BiCaSrCu2Ox glass rods and coils were successfully prepared by pumping up the melt at 1150 °C into SiO2 or Pyrex glass tubes. After the outer glass tubes were removed, the resultant glass rods up to 30 cm long were crystallized under a temperature gradient of 30 °C/mm without deforming and cracking. The Tc (onset) and Tc (zero) of the resulting glass-ceramic rods were ∼80 and 62 K, respectively.
Photosensitized oxygenation of N-substituted pyrroles (1969)

H. H. Wasserman and A. H. Miller, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1969, 199 DOI: 10.1039/C29690000199
Input Delay Compensation for Neuron Growth by PDE Backstepping (2022)

Neurological studies show that injured neurons can regain their functionality with therapeutics such as Chondroitinase ABC (ChABC). These therapeutics promote axon elongation by manipulating the injured neuron and its intercellular space to modify tubulin protein concentration. This work introduces an input delay compensation with state-feedback control law for axon elongation by regulating tubulin concentration. Axon growth dynamics with input delay is modelled as coupled parabolic diffusion-reaction-advection Partial Differential Equations (PDE) with a boundary governed by a nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE), associated with a transport PDE. A novel feedback law is proposed by using backstepping method for PDE and input-delay compensation. The gain kernels are provided after transforming the interconnected PDE-ODE-PDE system to a target system. The stability analysis is presented by applying Lyapunov analysis to the target system in the spatial H1-norm, thereby the local exponential stability of the original error system is proved.
Dimethyl Sulfoxide Exposure Facilitates Phospholipid Biosynthesis and Cellular Membrane Proliferation in Yeast Cells (2003)

Me2SO is a polar solvent that is widely used in biochemistry, pharmacology, and industry. Although there are several reports in the literature concerning the biological effects of Me2SO, the total cellular response remains unclear. In this paper, DNA microarray technology combined with the hierarchical clustering bioinformatics tool was used to assess the effects of Me2SO on yeast cells. We found that yeast exposed to Me2SO increased phospholipid biosynthesis through up-regulated gene expression. It was confirmed by Northern blotting that the level of INO1 and OPI3 gene transcripts, encoding key enzymes in phospholipid biosynthesis, were significantly elevated following treatment with Me2SO. Furthermore, the phospholipid content of the cells increased during exposure to Me2SO as shown by conspicuous incorporation of a lipophilic fluorescent dye (3,3'-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide) into the cell membranes. From these results we propose that Me2SO treatment induces membrane proliferation in yeast cells to alleviate the adverse affects of this chemical on membrane integrity.
The Development of Antibiotic Resistant Organisms with the Use of Ototopical Medications (2004)

Overall grade B evidence seems to indicate that no significant antibiotic resistance develops from the use of ototopical antibiotic treatment.
Use of Microsatellite Markers to Detect Quantitative Trait Loci in Yorkshire Pigs (2006)

To identify genetic markers associated with economic traits in pigs, 157 microsatellite markers were examined in Yorkshire pigs. Thirty eight female Yorkshire pigs were initially examined and six of them were selected as progenitors; half were more than 1.5 standard deviations (SD) above the mean for average daily gain (ADG) and backfat thickness (BFT), and the remaining half were more than 1.5 SD below the mean. These pigs were then mated to male Duroc pigs, and 200 F2 pig offspring were examined for the association of specific alleles with ADG and BFT. To confirm the specific markers identified in the initial analysis, associations of significant markers with economic traits were further examined in 228 additional performance-tested purebred pigs. Twenty-five microsatellite markers were significantly associated with either ADG or BFT, and among these, 17 were associated with both traits. The markers with the highest association to ADG were also associated with BFT. Our study reveals that specific markers could be used to predict economic significance, and confirms several quantitative trait loci (QTL) identified in previous studies. However, further analysis with more closely-spaced microsatellite markers is required to refine predictive values for economic traits and positions of QTL that are reliable for actual phenotypic prediction.