gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hyperphosphataemia as a cardiovascular risk factor - how to manage the problem (2002)

Hyperphosphataemia is a frequent and important cardiovascular risk factor in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). High phosphate levels may influence vascular calcifications by two separate mechanisms: by worsening secondary hyperparathyroidism, which in turn facilitates calcification, and by promoting calcium phosphate deposition in pre-formed endothelial plaques and in the arterial wall. Recent studies have shown that hyperphosphataemia induces the proliferation and differentiation of endothelial vascular cells into osteoblast-like cells, promoting vascular calcification. High phosphate levels also increase the risk of mortality in patients with CKD. To reduce the negative impact of high phosphate, serum phosphate levels should be <5 mg/dl and serum calcium <10 mg/dl. This allows the calcium x phosphate product to be maintained at < or =50 mg(2)/dl(2), reducing the risk of vascular, valvular, and extraskeletal calcification. A multiple-factor approach can be used to reduce serum phosphate: (i). decrease bone resorption by maintaining adequate serum parathyroid hormone levels; (ii). reduce phosphorous intake in the diet, (iii). use phosphate binders efficiently; and (iv). avoid under-dialysis. The patient's diet should be high in nutrition but with the lowest possible phosphorous content. Doses of phosphate binders should be tailored to individual dietary habits and must be taken during meals in a dose proportional to the phosphorous content of the meal. Because of the risk of increased extraskeletal calcification, calcium-containing phosphate-binder intake should not exceed 2-3 g/day. Sevelamer hydrochloride, a non-calcium and non-aluminium phosphate binder with a potency similar to that of calcium salts has shown beneficial effects on lipid profiles. Better control of serum phosphate is achieved in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis than in those on haemodialysis. Removal of phosphate is directly correlated with duration and frequency of dialysis sessions. Thus, it is advisable not to reduce the duration of dialysis sessions to <4 h three times per week.
Towards accurate hardware stereo correspondence: a real-time FPGA implementation of a segmentation-based adaptive support weight algorithm (2012)

Disparity estimation in stereoscopic vision is a vital step for the extraction of depth information from stereo images. This paper presents the hardware implementation of a disparity estimation system that enables good performance in both accuracy and speed. The architecture implements an adaptive support weight stereo correspondence algorithm, which integrates information obtained from image segmentation, in an attempt to increase the robustness of the matching process. The proposed system integrates optimization techniques that make the algorithm hardware-friendly and suitable for embedded vision systems. A prototype of the architecture was implemented on an FPGA, achieving 30 fps for 640×480 image sizes. The quality of the disparity maps generated by the proposed system is also better than other existing hardware implementations featuring fixed support local correspondence methods.
Potentiation of inhibitory glycinergic neurotransmission by Zn<sup>2+</sup>: a synergistic interplay between presynaptic P2X<sub>2</sub> and postsynaptic glycine receptors (2002)

The divalent cation zinc is known to modulate chloride currents carried by native and recombinant mammalian glycine receptors (GlyRs). To unravel the effect of Zn2+ on glycinergic neurotransmission, inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSC) of rat spinal neurons grown in culture were analysed in the absence and presence of Zn2+. Low concentrations of Zn2+ (0.5 and 5 micro m) augmented the mean amplitude of miniature IPSCs by approximately 40% over values obtained in the absence of zinc, whereas higher concentrations of Zn2+ (50 micro m) significantly decreased mean amplitude values. Remarkably, low concentrations of Zn2+ also significantly increased the mean frequency of miniature IPSCs. This effect was blocked by the P2X receptor antagonists PPADS and suramin, indicating the presence of Zn2+-sensitive presynaptic P2X receptors on glycinergic terminals. Immunostaining with antibodies against different P2X receptor subtypes revealed that P2X2 receptors partially colocalize with the GlyR. Potentiating concentrations of Zn2+ also affected the kinetics of miniature and evoked IPSCs by significantly prolonging their decay time constants. Electrophysiological analysis of heterologously expressed glycine transporters (GlyT) revealed for GlyT2 zero, and for GlyT1 a modest (< 20%), reduction of glycine uptake in the presence of 5 micro m Zn2+, indicating that prolongation of glycinergic IPSCs by Zn2+ is not due to inhibition of glycine removal from the synaptic cleft. Together, these results suggest that Zn2+ is a potent modulator of glycinergic synaptic transmission which increases in a synergistic manner the agonist affinity of both presynaptic P2X2 receptors and postsynaptic GlyRs.
A four-bank memory design of optimized semi-parallel polar decoder (2017)

Polar code, which is capable of achieving channel capacity, is known as a promising forward error correction (FEC) code in coding theory. In this paper, a four-bank memory architecture is proposed for polar decoder to store the initial and the intermediate processing data. Based on the proposed load-balance data allocation scheme, each memory bank is able to be equipped with only two access ports, while providing enough data bandwidth demand. Besides, the proposed semi-parallel successive cancellation (SC) polar decoder is optimized by employing the efficient p node and the merged computation of f and g nodes to reduce the decoding latency, which can at most get 62.5% speed improvement with enough processing elements (PEs). In addition, the proposed four-bank memory design can reduce the overall size of memory especially with higher level of parallelism.
Five Years Experience with the Quinton Permcath for Vascular Access (1991)

Over a five-year period 64 Quinton Permcaths were inserted into 51 dialysis patients (age range 17-72 years, mean 52.1 SD 12.83). The duration of catheter use ranged from 5 to 1479 days, mean 315.7 SD 337. The actuarial catheter survival rate at 1 year was 74%, at 2 years 43%, at 3 years 25% and at 4 years 12%. The indications for use were: exhausted peripheral access; CAPD contraindicated; abrupt failure or lack of an arteriovenous fistula; acute renal failure; limited life expectancy; patient insistence; conventional access contraindicated. Only minor complications occurred during insertion: haemorrhage requiring exploration in three patients and a temporary left recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy in one patient. The exit site infection and septicaemia rates were 4.95 and 3.36 per 1000 catheter days respectively. Eighteen catheters failed due to infection (range of use 72-1479 days, mean 559 SD 388). Inadequate initial blood flow (less than 150 ml/min) occurred in 10% of dialyses but only six catheters failed due to intractable flow difficulties (range of use 5-49 days, mean 22 SD 17.5). Catheter sepsis was implicated in the death of two patients. One subclavan/innominate vein thrombosis occurred. The Quinton Permcath represents a significant advance providing immediate, durable, and relatively safe access in a variety of difficult circumstances.
Kirlian Photography: A Hands-On Guide (1993)

Electrophotography, commonly called Kirlian photography, remains a subject of speculation and controversy almost 150 years after its discovery. While many scientists call it psychic quackery, many maintain that the study of Kirlian photographs can detect illnesses in plants and animals before any outward symptoms materialize. Whatever its validity, Kirlian phenomena fascinates many in the fields of science and art. This book is designed as the first step for anyone interested in Kirlian photography and its potential impact. John Iovine, author of Homemade Holograms, takes a practical approach, giving readers the hands-on guidance they need to take their own Kirlian photographs. He also examines the history of electrophotography and many of its possible applications in medicine, industry, and the military. Especially illuminating is his discussion of the phantom leaf aura that continues to baffle scientists to this day.
FAD is a further essential cofactor of the NAD(P)H and O<sub>2</sub>‐dependent zeaxanthin‐epoxidase (1995)

In chloroplasts of plants the xanthophyll cycle is suggested to function as a protection mechanism against photodamage. Two enzymes catalyze this cycle. One of them, violaxanthin de-epoxidase, transforms violaxanthin (Vio) to zeaxanthin (Zea) via antheraxanthin (Anth) and is bound to the lumenal surface of the thylakoid vesicles, when being in its active state. The other enzyme, Zea-epoxidase, is responsible for the backward reaction (Zea-->Anth-->Vio) and is active at the stromal side of the thylakoid. For the epoxidation of Zea this enzyme requires NAD(P)H and O2 as cosubstrates. Using isolated thylakoid membranes we found that FAD enhances the epoxidase activity (decrease of apparent Km for NAD(P)H and two-fold increase of Vmax). The flavin functions as a third cofactor which is partially lost during the isolation procedure of thylakoids. Other flavins, such as FMN or riboflavin are without effect. The involvement of FAD in the enzymatic reaction is also demonstrated by the inhibitory action of diphenyleneiodoniumchloride (DPI) (IC50 = 2.3 microM), a compound that blocks the reoxidation of reduced flavins within enzymes. The Zea-epoxidase is a multi-component enzyme system which can be classified as FAD-containing, NAD(P)H- and O2-dependent monooxygenase that is able to epoxidize 3-hydroxy beta-ionone rings of xanthophylls in the 5,6 position.
Une approche variationnelle des orbites quasi-périodiques des systèmes hamiltoniens (1989)

International audience
Simultaneous Target and Multipath Positioning (2013)

This paper addresses the problem of target geo-localization in complex multipath environments such as indoor and urban settings. In both radar applications (where targets are non-cooperative) and navigation in GPS-denied areas using RF signals (where the subject is cooperative), multipath propagation is a well-known cause of large geo-location errors except in rare cases when a very accurate channel model is available. This work addresses more typical situations of uncertain channel properties by jointly estimating target position and multipath parameters. The proposed Simultaneous Target and Multipath Positioning (STAMP) approach involves an application of multi-scan multi-hypothesis data association to approximate recursive Bayesian estimates of both moving target location as well as specular reflector and point scatterer locations. STAMP achieves joint estimation by exploiting the different dynamics of targets (e.g., people moving) versus channel parameters (e.g., fixed wall locations). Algorithm performance is evaluated in simulation for radar localization of a non-cooperative target in an uncertain urban multipath environment. In addition, the successful demonstration of STAMP geolocation using real wideband microwave data collected in an actual building foyer with unknown floor plan is discussed. Finally, the issue of identifiability of both target and multipath parameters is explored via analysis of the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) on joint estimation of target and multipath parameters in both line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight scenarios.
Massive Mining of Publicly Available RNA-seq Data from Human and Mouse (2017)

RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) is currently the leading technology for genome-wide transcript quantification. While the volume of RNA-seq data is rapidly increasing, the currently publicly available RNA-seq data is provided mostly in raw form, with small portions processed non- uniformly. This is mainly because the computational demand, particularly for the alignment step, is a significant barrier for global and integrative retrospective analyses. To address this challenge, we developed all RNA-seq and ChIP-seq sample and signature search (ARCHS4), a web resource that makes the majority of previously published RNA-seq data from human and mouse freely available at the gene count level. Such uniformly processed data enables easy integration for downstream analyses. For developing the ARCHS4 resource, all available FASTQ files from RNA-seq experiments were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and aligned using a cloud-based infrastructure. In total 137,792 samples are accessible through ARCHS4 with 72,363 mouse and 65,429 human samples. Through efficient use of cloud resources and dockerized deployment of the sequencing pipeline, the alignment cost per sample is reduced to less than one cent. ARCHS4 is updated automatically by adding newly published samples to the database as they become available. Additionally, the ARCHS4 web interface provides intuitive exploration of the processed data through querying tools, interactive visualization, and gene landing pages that provide average expression across cell lines and tissues, top co-expressed genes, and predicted biological functions and protein-protein interactions for each gene based on prior knowledge combined with co-expression. Benchmarking the quality of these predictions, co-expression correlation data created from ARCHS4 outperforms co-expression data created from other major gene expression data repositories such as GTEx and CCLE. ARCHS4 is freely accessible at: http://amp.pharm.mssm.edu/archs4
Secure and efficient cryptosystem for smart grid using homomorphic encryption (2012)

A secure and efficient cryptography-based data exchange scheme for the smart grid based on homomorphic encryption is investigated in this work. Public key cryptography has been proposed as the main tool to ensure the security of a smart grid [1]. We first examine the shortcomings of conventional public key cryptography to motivate our current study. For the uplink communication (i.e. from customers to the utility) in the proposed scheme, smart meters homomorphically encrypt privacy-sensitive customer data before sending them over the grid. To prevent message forgery, a simple authentication scheme is designed specifically for uplink communication. For the downlink communication (i.e. from the utility to customers), the utility transmits the signed control messages to customers using digital signatures to ensure that messages from utilities are not tampered. For the data exchange scheme, we propose a practical cryptosystem based on a partially homomorphic encryption algorithm. The proposed solution has several appealing features such as strengthened security, high efficiency and user privacy preservation.
Improved Faster R-CNN Traffic Sign Detection Based on a Second Region of Interest and Highly Possible Regions Proposal Network (2019)

Traffic sign detection systems provide important road control information for unmanned driving systems or auxiliary driving. In this paper, the Faster region with a convolutional neural network (R-CNN) for traffic sign detection in real traffic situations has been systematically improved. First, a first step region proposal algorithm based on simplified Gabor wavelets (SGWs) and maximally stable extremal regions (MSERs) is proposed. In this way, the region proposal a priori information is obtained and will be used for improving the Faster R-CNN. This part of our method is named as the highly possible regions proposal network (HP-RPN). Second, in order to solve the problem that the Faster R-CNN cannot effectively detect small targets, a method that combines the features of the third, fourth, and fifth layers of VGG16 to enrich the features of small targets is proposed. Third, the secondary region of interest method to enhance the feature of detection objects and improve the classification capability of the Faster R-CNN is proposed. Finally, a method of merging the German traffic sign detection benchmark (GTSDB) and Chinese traffic sign dataset (CTSD) databases into one larger database to increase the number of database samples is proposed. Experimental results show that our method improves the detection performance, especially for small targets.
Tonotopic Order in the Adult and Developing Auditory System of the Rat as Shown by <i>c‐fos</i> Immunocytochemistry (1992)

Immediate early genes such as the proto-oncogene c-fos can be expressed in neurons following synaptic excitation by sensory stimulation. C-fos immunocytochemistry has subsequently been shown to be a very sensitive marking technique for neuronal activity. Here, antibodies against the c-fos protein product Fos were used to map the tonotopic organization in the auditory system of adult and developing rats. After stimulating adult rats with pure-tone pulses, bands of Fos-immunoreactive neurons revealed the frequency representation in seven brainstem nuclei: all three subdivisions of the cochlear nucleus, the lateral superior olive, the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body, the ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body, the rostral periolivary nucleus, the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus and the inferior colliculus. With the exception of the dorsal cochlear nucleus and the inferior colliculus, tonotopicity has not been previously demonstrated in the brainstem nuclei of the rat. During development two striking results were obtained. First, beginning at postnatal day 14 (i.e. approximately 2 days after physiological hearing begins in rats), not only low but also high frequencies were able to induce strong Fos immunoreactivity, indicating that gradual recruitment of formerly unresponsive high-frequency sites does not occur in the rat. Second, a gradual age-related shift of the position of isofrequency bands was not seen in any of the nuclei, suggesting that changes in frequency - place code do not occur after 2 weeks postnatally. These results indicate that the rat's auditory brainstem nuclei achieve their adult-like tonotopic organization early on, implying a somewhat different developmental time course than is found in other mammalian species.
A new biliary endoprosthesis (1983)

A new biliary endoprosthesisSK Teplick, PH Haskin, RC Goldstein, LR Goodman, CA Pavlides, JM Corvasce and EB FrankAudio Available | Share
In Vitro Study of the Penetration of Streptococcus sanguis and Prevotella intermedia Strains into Human Dentinal Tubules (2000)

The persistent presence of bacteria in the root canal system often leads to the failure of treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine in vitro penetration of Streptococcus sanguis and Prevotella intermedia into dentinal tubules. Samples obtained from human teeth were inoculated with a strain of S. sanguis (NCTC 7853) and P. intermedia (NCTC 93336) for 20 days. Bacterial penetration into tubules was investigated at scanning electron microscopy and light microscopic level. The results showed that S. sanguis could penetrate into dentinal tubules 382.3 microns, whereas P. intermedia could penetrate 25.9 microns. It was observed that P. intermedia had not penetrated into all dentinal tubules. If penetration occurred the depth was quite limited.
Effect of Fire-Retardant Treatments on Performance Properties of Wood (1977)

The one million fires in buildings in the United States account for about two-thirds of the 12,000 people who die each year in fires. The property loss in building fires is about 85 percent of the total annual $3 billion property loss in fires (1). Building contents are often a primary source of fire and are usually responsible for fire-related deaths before structural members become involved. Nevertheless, wood and wood-base products, extensively used both as structural members and as interior finish in housing and buildings, can be contributors to fire destruction. To reduce the contribution of wood to fire losses, much research through the years has gone into development of fire-retardant treatments for wood. A total of 21.3 million pounds of fire-retardant chemicals were reported used in 1974 to treat 5.7 million cubic feet of wood products (2). The amount of wood treated was about one tenth of 1 percent
Applicability of Homomorphic Encryption and CryptDB in Social and Business Applications: Securing Data Stored on the Third Party Servers while Processing through Applications (2014)

Confidentiality in third party services like cloud computing has become a major concern. IT industry and government organizations are very serious about security factor in cloud computing, because its usage has reached all the way from a common man having a mobile phone to large scale business enterprises. In this paper, we present security threats in social and business applications accessing the data stored in cloud computing scenario. Also, we critically discuss homomorphic encryption and CryptDB schemes which are applicable to protect data from malicious third party service environments (cloud computing) and also from insiders for these applications. We also present empirical results of partial homomorpic encryption algorithms over one lakh 10-digit numbers, using Linux virtual machine on VirtualBox, VMPlayer and KVM. The result for four algorithms (namely Paillier, ElGamal, RSA and Benaloh) as performed on the above four different platforms are computed to show their respective overhead values as compared to plain data operations. In case of Paillier Algorithm the overhead is 17, 15, 22 and 12 times for addition operation and 278, 399,518 and 346 times for multiplication operation respectively. Similarly, in case of Elgamal algorithm 1.72, 1.6, 11.7 and 8.9 times for multiplication operation; in case of RSA algorithm 1.79, 1.5, 3.48 and 1.5 times for multiplication operation and in case of Benaloh algorithm is 5.6, 5.36, 5.48 and 3.5 times for addition operation respectively. These performances clearly indicate that these algorithms are quite feasible enough to be used in context of social and business applications by third party service providers
Implementation of Split-Radix Fast Fourier Transform on FPGA (2010)

Nowadays, portable systems are developed especially for signal processing, where the principal challenge is to find circuits with less area and power consumption. One of the most powerful tools in the area of Signal Processing is the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Many algorithms have been developed to improve its computation time; one of them is the Split Radix Fast Fourier Transform (SRFFT) which reduces the number of complex computation. Therefore, a new architecture is proposed to compute the SRFFT. Although the runtime of this design is high, it has some important profits like a flexible number of inputs N=2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P</sup> ; few resources required such as combinational functions, logic registers and memory.
Nervous System Lupus: Pathogenesis and Rationale for Therapy (1995)

Several different pathogenic mechanisms appear to be involved in CNS lupus. These include: B-cell/autoantibody-mediated nervous system compromise; immune complex deposition and vasculitis; microthrombosis and vasculopathy; aberrant MHC Class II antigen expression with T-cell mediated disease (multiple-sclerosis model); and, cytokine-induced brain inflammation. These processes are not mutually exclusive: there exist in vitro and in vivo models for each of these. A number of autoantibodies, especially those with specificities for shared neuronal/lymphocyte antigens, are associated with certain forms of cognitive dysfunction or overt nervous system manifestations. In MRL/lpr mice, lymphoid infiltrates in the brain parenchyma are related to a neurobehavioural dysfunction which develops very early in the course of autoimmune disease. Recent results, both in animal models and in human studies on the therapeutic effects of corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs or anticoagulants on clinical and subclinical manifestations of CNS lupus are highlighted in an attempt to develop a rationale for intervention based upon presumed pathogenesis.