gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Using a Lightweight Proppant in Treatment of a Low-Permeability, Dry Gas Reservoir: A Case Study (2005)

Abstract The Mesaverde formation is a low permeability gas sandstone reservoir and a primary completion target in the San Juan Basin of northwest New Mexico and southwest Colorado. In over 50 years of Mesaverde development activity, varying completion and stimulation techniques have been tried in an effort to find the optimum method for enhancing long-term production. Initially, production and economic analysis indicated that high rate slickwater jobs using 20/40 mesh sand (specific gravity = 2.65) proved most effective. One attribute of the slick water approach is that the relatively heavy fracturing sand falls rapidly through the low-viscosity water and forms a bank of proppant over a very limited percentage of the total fracture area created with the hydraulic fluid (water.) As the field matured, reservoir pressure depleted and drilling cost escalated, the need arose for a different stimulation approach creating more extensive area open for fracture flow and reservoir drainage enhancement. To address this need, a lightweight proppant (specific gravity = 1.25) was substituted in lieu of fracturing sand with the idea of placing a partial mono-layer of proppant across a very large percentage of the total fracture area. This paper is a case study of six recent offset Mesaverde completions comparing the productivity of wells stimulated with all 20/40 mesh sand, all lightweight proppant and a hybrid approach utilizing a stage of lightweight proppant followed by a stage of 20/40 mesh sand. Post-fracture hourly flow rates and wellhead pressures were analyzed in all cases to access effectiveness. Wells treated with all lightweight proppant were found to have the most sustained well productivity and stimulation effectiveness.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of X70 Pipeline Steel with High Deformability (2014)

Three kinds of welding processes were adopted in the welding test for X70 pipeline steels with high deformability,and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded joints were analyzed by microstructure observation,tensile test and impact test.The results show that the weld metal of the welded joints by GMAW was composed of acicular ferrites and little quasi-polygonal ferrites,while the HAZ consisted of coarse granular bainites and quasi-polygonal ferrites.And the welded joints had good strength and toughness but low ductility.The weld metal of welded joints by GMAW+FCAW was mainly comprised of acicular ferrites and little quasi-polygonal ferrites,the HAZ was composed of coarse granular bainites and lath bainites,and the welded joint had a very high yield ratio.Coarse polygonal ferrites and little bainites composed the weld metal of the welded joints by SMAW+FCAW,and quasi-polygonal ferrites and bainites composed the HAZ,which led to the hardness of weld metal lower than those of the HAZ and the base metal.Furthermore,the welded joint by SMAW+FCAW had good strength,toughness and ductility and high resistance to deformation ability.
Coordinating a multi-retailer decentralized distribution system with random demand based on buyback and compensation contracts (2015)

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to set up the coordinating mechanism for a decentralized distribution system consisting of a manufacturer and multiple independent retailers by means of contracts. It is in the two-stage supply chain system that all retailers sell an identical product made by the manufacturer and determine their order quantities which directly affect the expected profit of the supply chain with random demand. Design/methodology/approach: First comparison of the optimal order quantities in the centralized and decentralized system shows that the supply chain needs coordination. Then the coordination model is given based on buyback cost and compensation benefit. Finally the coordination mechanism is set up in which the manufacturer as the leader uses a buyback policy to incentive these retailers and the retailers pay profit returns to compensate the manufacturer. Findings: The results of a numerical example show that the perfect supply chain coordination and the flexible allocation of the profit can be achieved in the multi-retailer supply chain by the buyback and compensation contracts. Research limitations: The results based on assumptions might not completely hold in practice and the paper only focuses on studying a single product in two-stage supply chain. Practical implications: The coordination mechanism is applicable to a realistic supply chain under a private information setting and the research results is the foundation of further developing the coordination mechanism for a realistic multi-stage supply chain system with more products. Originality/value: This paper focused on studying the coordination mechanism for a decentralized multi-retailer supply chain by the joint application of the buyback and compensation contracts. Furthermore the perfect supply chain coordination and the flexible allocation of the profit are achieved.
Evaluation of NucliSens easyMAG for Automated Nucleic Acid Extraction from Various Clinical Specimens (2006)

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of the NucliSens easyMAG platform for nucleic acid extraction from different clinical specimens compared to NucliSens miniMAG platform and manual QIAGEN extraction. The NucliSens easyMAG and the NucliSens miniMAG showed equal performance on 215 throat swabs since real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification scored the same samples positive for Mycoplasma pneumoniae (n=9) and Chlamydia pneumoniae (n=5) RNAs, although internal control RNA was slightly better detected with the NucliSens easyMAG (99.3% versus 96.8%). NucliSens easyMAG extracted nucleic acids more efficiently (higher recovery and/or fewer inhibitors) compared to QIAGEN extraction by showing, on average, lower Ct values in real-time LightCycler PCR, although 4 individual specimen out of 45 were found positive only with QIAGEN. For nine M. pneumoniae-positive throat swabs, the mean difference in Ct values between NucliSens easyMAG extraction and QIAGEN extraction was -2.26 (range, -5.77 to +0.60); for the detection of five C. pneumoniae-positive throat swabs, the average difference in Ct values between the two methods was -3.38 (range, -6.62 to -2.02); and for the detection of cytomegalovirus in 24 blood samples, the mean difference in Ct values between the two methods was -0.95 (range, -5.51 to +1.68). The NucliSens easyMAG is considerably easier to perform, efficiently extracts nucleic acids from throat swabs and whole blood, is automated, and has high throughput.
A tabu method to find the Pareto solutions of multiobjective optimal design problems in electromagnetics (2002)

A tabu search algorithm is proposed for finding the Pareto solutions of multiobjective optimal design problems. In this paper, the contact theorem is used to evaluate the Pareto solutions. The ranking selecting approach and the fitness sharing function are also introduced to identify new current points to begin every iteration cycle. Detailed numerical results are reported in this paper to demonstrate the power of the proposed algorithm in ensuring uniform sampling and obtaining the Pareto optimal front of the multiobjective design problems. The most efficient method of implementing the proposed algorithm is also discussed.
Efficacy of a Biological Response Modifier in Preventing Staphylococcus aureus Intramammary Infections After Calving (1999)

A change in the epidemiology of mastitis in recent years has emphasized the role of the udder immune system in the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, if the bovine or udder immune capability could be enhanced, susceptibility to Staph. aureus could be reduced and antibiotic efficacy could be increased. Immune system defense mechanisms could be enhanced by vaccination and by biological response modifiers. Within this latter group, a biological response modifier obtained from Parapox ovis that was attenuated over 200 tissue culture passages was recently developed and commercialized in some European countries. This study reports the results of a field trial on the efficacy of this biological response modifier in reducing Staph. aureus intramammary infection (IMI) after calving in primiparous and pluriparous cows. The trial included 106 cows sampled six times (55 cows from herd A and 51 from herd B) for a total of 2544 quarter milk samples. The analysis of IMI prevalence showed that 25.09% of samples were bacteriologically positive in the placebo group, and 23.17% of the positive samples were observed in the biological response modifier group. Staphylococcus aureus IMI had a frequency of 11.44% in the placebo group and 6.00% in the biological response modifier group. The dynamic of the hazards showed significantly lower rates in the biological response modifier group than in the placebo group (risk ratio = 0.47). Treatment with the parapox-containing biological response modifier showed significant reduction of Staph. aureus IMI around calving, and this reduction was attributed to an increase in immune defenses.
Enrichment of Phenolic Compounds from Olive Mill Wastewater and <i>In Vitro</i> Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial Activities (2017)

The production of olive oil generates massive quantities of by-product called olive mill wastewater (OMWW). The uncontrolled disposal of OMWW poses serious environmental problems. The OMWW effluent is rich in several polyphenolic compounds. Liquid-liquid extraction of OMWW using ethyl acetate solvent was used to enrich phenolic compounds under investigation. Total phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of the extract were determined. HPLC coupled to photodiode array (PDA) detector was used to analyze the main three phenolic compounds of OMWW, namely, hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, and oleuropein. The antimicrobial activity of the extract was also investigated. Additionally, the OMWW extract was used as natural preservative and antioxidants for olive oil. Results showed that OMWW is very rich in phenolic compounds and has strong antioxidant activity. HPLC analysis showed that the extract contains mainly hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol but no oleuropein. The OMWW extract showed also positive activities as antibacterial (gram positive and gram negative) and antifungal as well as activities against yeast. The addition of OMWW extract to olive oil samples has an effect on the stability of olive oil as reflected by its acid value, peroxide value, <i>K</i><sub>232</sub> and <i>K</i><sub>270</sub>, and total phenolic content.
From Sunday School to Day School (1982)

I am honored to give the opening address on the conference theme which deals with 100 years of Jewish education in North America. The topic of this session, “From Sunday School to Day School,” suggests that Jewish education has moved from a one-day-a-week enterprise to a full-time system of education. While there has been significant movement in this direction during the last half of the past 100-year period, this trend has to be placed in proper historical, religious, cultural and social perspective.
Diagnosis and clinical significance of parainfluenza virus infections in children (1974)

The diagnosis and clinical features of parainfluenza virus infections are described in 151 children admitted to hospital over a 2-year period. Immunofluorescence was the most sensitive method of laboratory diagnosis, while virus isolation in tissue culture was more often achieved from nasopharyngeal secretions than from cough/nasal swabs. Parainfluenza viruses were responsible for approximately 9% of 1603 acute respiratory admissions. Croup was the commonest of the wide range of respiratory illnesses associated with these infections; in a series of 132 children with croup, a parainfluenza virus was identified in 42%. 24 of the 151 children presented with febrile convulsions, and in a series of 209 children admitted with febrile convulsions, parainfluenza viruses were responsible for 11%. 3 of the children died in hospital with their parainfluenza virus infections, and in addition there was one instance of a close association between parainfluenza virus type 3 infection and the sudden unexpected death of an infant at home. Parainfluenza virus types 4a and 4b, which have so far rarely been identified, were isolated from 16 children. The age distribution and seasonal patterns of the infections are described. Attention is drawn to the risks of cross-infection by parainfluenza viruses in children9s wards, and the finding that virus is commonly excreted for at least a week after the onset of the illness.
Alteration of cellular mediated cytotoxicity, T cell receptor zeta (TcR zeta) and apoptosis related gene expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients: possible clinical relevance. (2000)

We have investigated apoptosis related gene expression in tumour cells, phenotype and function of blood mononuclear cells at diagnosis in relation to clinical response in three patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We have focused our study on the Epstein Barr virus latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) and Bcl-2 expression in the tumour cells, the essential signal-transducing zeta molecule of T cell receptor (TcR zeta) and cellular mediated cytolysis of the blood mononuclear cells. The carcinoma cells of the patients were Bcl-2 negative. They were heterogeneous with regard to the expression of LMP-1 and the number of proliferating or apoptotic cells. Decrease in the expression of mature T cells (CD3, CD4, and CD8), TcR zeta and cellular mediated cytotoxicity was detected in blood mononuclear cells of the patients. IL-2 up-regulated these phenotypes and the cytolytic capacity of the blood mononuclear cells. The patient with LMP-1 negative carcinoma cells, down-regulated TcR zeta expression and impaired IL-2 mediated cytolysis, had the worst clinical outcome. Another patient with low apoptotic, highly proliferating and LMP-1 positive carcinoma cells had recurrent disease only in the irradiated area. Interestingly, NPC with high apoptotic and few LMP-1 expressing cells was detected in the patient with a normal level of TcR zeta expression and cytolytic functions in blood mononuclear cells at the time of diagnosis. After combination treatment with chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy, this patient is still alive with complete remission and disease-free at 36 months. Suppression of the immunological functions may occur in NPC patients. Our study suggests that the immunological functions and apoptosis related gene expression in the carcinoma cells may be used as prognostic factors and help in the decision of therapy of patients with nasopharyngeal cancer.
Xenia Effects in Maize with Normal Endosperm: I. Importance and Stability (1998)

Xenia is the effect of pollen on the development and characteristics of the fruits. To reexplore its importance and consequences for grain production in maize ( Zea mays L.), the effect of pollen genotype on kernel weight was studied with five white kernel lines as females and several yellow kernel lines as males in a factorial (5 × 20) and in a diallel (5 × 5) mating design. White single‐cross hybrids were also used as females. Cross‐fertilization advantage was studied in 1993, 1994, and 1995 by mixing pollen from a male and pollen from a female (i.e., autopollen). When inbred lines were used as females the average increase in kernel weight at maturity, because of cross fertilization, was 13% in 1993, 11% in 1994, and 11.5% in 1995. Female effects were the strongest; however, male and female × male interaction effects were also significant although at the limit of significance because of large environmental variation. These effects were also significant for white kernels, showing that there was a stimulation effect on the filling of kernels from self fertilization by the more active filling of kernels from cross fertilization. With single‐cross females, crossfertilization advantage was about halved. Despite genotype × year interaction, the phenomenon seems sufficiently repeatable with significant correlation among years. Results are interpreted as an early manifestation of heterosis which increases sink strength of kernels from cross fertilization.
Control of carbon disulfide emissions from viscose processes (2002)

Abstract The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has issued a proposed rule for control of hazardous air pollutants from cellulose manufacturing operations. Both the hydrogen sulfide and carbon disulfide emissions must be controlled. An activated carbon‐based process has been developed which effectively removes both of these hazardous compounds with high efficiency. An impregnated activated carbon is used to remove hydrogen sulfide by converting it to sulfur on the interior surface of the activated carbon. The resulting waste is minimal and can be land filled at relatively low cost. A unique type of activated carbon is used to remove the carbon disulfide from the air stream, and periodic regeneration of the carbon, using hot inert gas, recovers the carbon disulfide for reuse. This type of system has operated for several years with no safety problems associated with the low auto‐ignition temperature of carbon disulfide. Extensive laboratory tests have been conducted to optimize this process and the results are presented. A large system has been designed and installed, and typical operating information is provided. Capital costs for systems of various sizes and configurations are given.
The Amino Acid Sequences of the Tryptic, Chymotryptic and Peptic Peptides from the L-2 Light Chain of Rabbit Skeletal Muscle Myosin (1978)

Article The Amino Acid Sequences of the Tryptic, Chymotryptic and Peptic Peptides from the L-2 Light Chain of Rabbit Skeletal Muscle Myosin was published on January 1, 1978 in the journal Biological Chemistry (volume 359, issue 1).
Cutaneous melanoma. (1994)

Between the early 1960s and the late 1980s, the incidence of melanoma increased at a rate of 3-7% per year in populations of mainly European origin. Corresponding trends were observed in mortality. Higher rates of increase in incidence were observed in a few populations (eg 8.9% per year in Hawaii whites). With the exception of Japan and possibly Puerto Rico, incidence rates of melanoma have remained stable in the few populations of mainly non-European origin for which reliable incidence data were available. A comparison of age specific trends in incidence and mortality in populations of mainly European origin showed two general patterns: a continuous increase in incidence in all age groups but with moderation or cessation of the previous rising trend in mortality in younger people in more recent time periods (eg Canada, continental USA, Denmark and the UK) and recent moderation or cessation of both incidence and mortality trends in younger people (eg New Zealand and, possibly, Hawaii whites). The first of these two patterns appeared to be the most common. Studies of site specific trends in incidence in 13 populations indicate that the highest rates of increase have generally been for melanomas on the trunk and the lowest for those on the head and neck. There is weak evidence to suggest that the rate of increase on the lower limbs has been greater in women than in men. Studies of incidence trends in the 1980s by thickness of melanoma in seven populations show that relative and absolute incidence has increased most for the thinnest melanomas and least for the thickest lesions. Increasing detection, earlier diagnosis and a real rise may together explain the increase in incidence of melanoma. The increases in mortality suggest that incidence has really increased, and the recent moderation in mortality trends may be explained by improved survival from melanoma due, most likely, to increasingly early diagnosis. In some populations, it may also indicate that the incidence increases are coming to an end. The disproportionately increasing incidence of thin melanoma, the divergence between incidence and mortality trends and the recent sharp increases in incidence in some populations suggest that earlier diagnosis or greater detection of less aggressive melanomas may have contributed to the incidence trends. A progressive change from predominantly occupational to predominantly recreational patterns of sun exposure is the most likely cause of increasing real incidence of melanoma in populations of mainly European origin.
원저 : 한국에 서식하고 있는 독일바퀴 , 새우 , 게 항원의 교차반응에 관한 면역학적 연구 (1992)

To evaluate the antigenic cross reactivity, we underwent double diffusion gel precipitation, ELISA inhibition test and en- zyme immunoblotting using rabbit antisera and Yonsei extracts of german cockroach, raw shrimp, steamed shrimp and steamed crab. Double diffusion gel precipitation(DDGP) shows partial or complete identity between antigens of steamed shrimp and crab, but no cross-reaction between cockroach, shrimp or crab antigens. Using the ELISA inhibition test, there are a great cross reactivity between shrimp and crab antingens and some degree of cross reactivity was noted betwe n cockroach and crusstacea(shrimp, crab). The result of immunoblotting of shrimp and crab extracts against rabbit anit-cockroach IgG shows several cross reacting bands of shrimp and crab extracts, and immunoblotting of crab extract against anti-shrimp rabbit IgG shows more than six reacting bands.
Energy Yield Simulations of Interconnected Solar PV Arrays (2002)

The electrical characteristics of array interconnection schemes are investigated, using simulation models to find a configuration that is comparatively less susceptible to shadow problems and power degradation resulting from the aging of solar cells. Three configurations have been selected for comparison: simple series-parallel (SP) array, which has zero interconnection redundancy; total-cross-tied (TCT) array, which is obtained from the simple SP array by connecting ties across each row ofjunctions and which may be characterized as the scheme with the highest possible redundancy; and bridge-linked (BL) array, in which all cells are interconnected in bridge rectifier fashion. The explicit computer simulations for the energy yield and current-voltage distributions in the array are presented, which seem to favor cross-tied configurations (TCT and BL) in coping with the effects of mismatch losses.