gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A fast response 155-mb/s burst-mode optical receiver for PON (2005)

The design of a 155-Mb/s burst-mode receiver for asynchronous transfer mode passive optical network is described. The receiver employs differentiation with dynamic threshold adjustment to achieve fast response without the need of a reset signal. Fabricated in a 45-GHz f/sub t/ SiGe process, the chip achieves 26-dB dynamic range, -31-dBm sensitivity, consumes 310 mW from a 3.3-V supply, and occupies 1/spl times/1 mm/sup 2/.
Prediction of In Vivo Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production in Hindgut Fermenting Mammals: Problems and Pitfalls (2010)

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are considered to have important physiological functions. However, to prove this, SCFA must be determined, which is rather difficult as a lot of factors interfere with their production. This review focuses on the factors that influence the prediction of short-chain fatty acid formation in the large intestine of monogastric mammals. To mimic the in vivo situation, when predicting the amount of short-chain fatty acids produced from a certain substrate based on in vitro models, one has to estimate the amount of this substrate entering the large intestine, the retention time in the different parts of the large intestine, and the substrate fermentability. Instead of in vitro models, direct and indirect techniques may be used to measure short-chain fatty acid production in vivo. Direct techniques include the measurement of input and output or measuring differences in SCFA between portal and venous blood whereas indirect techniques measure the end products of fermentation. In this case, other factors have to be taken into account, including technical limitations and ethical considerations. In this review it is concluded that the choice for a method will rely on the purpose of the study taking into account the (dis)advantages of every method.
3D virtual clothing (2003)

One of the major challenges in Computer Graphics concerns the 3D representation and physically-based simulation of garments. In our research, we are working closely with the textile industry, investigating three different classes of problems. First, we aim at developing techniques and methods for cloth simulation specifically aimed at the Web3D context. Second, we are defining a cross-application data exchange format among the different CAD systems and applications used in the textile industry, including the additional information needed to support 3D simulations. Third, we are implementing a tool that complements traditional textile CAD systems (which are based on 2D graphics), allowing the user to automatically obtain VRML-based 3D previews of the garment (for evaluating garment designs and also easily publishing them on the Web). This paper illustrates the results we have achieved in these three directions.
Screening and Identification of Low density Polyethylene (LDPE) Degrading Soil Fungi Isolated from Polythene Polluted Sites around Gwalior city (M.P.) (2014)

A B S T R A C T Plastic and polythene waste, including low and high density polyethylene, is accumulating continuously in the environment. It is posing an ever increasing ecological threat. The low density polyethylene is comparatively more vital environmental pollutant and its biodegradation was the focus of the present of study. This study reveals the biodegradation with the help of fungal sps. isolated from polythene polluted soil around Gwalior city,(M.P) India. The fungal sps. were identified by plating and staining techniques. 6 fungal sps. were isolated,3 were identified as Aspergillus sps. and other 3 were Fusarium sp, Mucor sp and Penicillium sp. The screening of isolates was based on their ability to utilize LDPE as a primary carbon source. Fungal sps. were cultured in synthetic media, containing LDPE, as the sole carbon source. The increase in fungal weight and weight loss of LDPE in the medium,were recorded at regular time intervals. The degradation ability was analyzed by clear zone technique, weight reduction of LDPE along with the increase in weight of fungal isolates. These degrading fungal sps. can be used for bioremediation of polyethylene.
Review of the Isolation, Characterization, Biological Function, and Multifarious Therapeutic Approaches of Exosomes (2019)

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that contain a specific composition of proteins, lipids, RNA, and DNA. They are derived from endocytic membranes and can transfer signals to recipient cells, thus mediating a novel mechanism of cell-to-cell communication. They are also thought to be involved in cellular waste disposal. Exosomes play significant roles in various biological functions, including the transfer of biomolecules such as RNA, proteins, enzymes, and lipids and the regulation of numerous physiological and pathological processes in various diseases. Because of these properties, they are considered to be promising biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases and may contribute to the development of minimally invasive diagnostics and next generation therapies. The biocompatible nature of exosomes could enhance the stability and efficacy of imaging probes and therapeutics. Due to their potential use in clinical applications, exosomes have attracted much research attention on their roles in health and disease. To explore the use of exosomes in the biomedical arena, it is essential that the basic molecular mechanisms behind the transport and function of these vesicles are well-understood. Herein, we discuss the history, biogenesis, release, isolation, characterization, and biological functions of exosomes, as well as the factors influencing their biogenesis and their technical and biological challenges. We conclude this review with a discussion on the future perspectives of exosomes.
Waveguide laser for the far infrared (FIR) pumped by a CO2 laser (1973)

Using a hollow waveguide resonator, laser operation in the far infrared (FIR) has been observed on several transitions between 40 and 200 μm from methyl alcohol excited by the resonant absorption of CO2 pump laser lines. The preliminary performance characteristics of FIR waveguide lasers constructed from both metallic and dielectric tubes are discussed. For CO2 pump powers of a few watts, cw output power at the milliwatt level in the FIR was observed from waveguide laser structures only a small fraction of the size of conventional FIR laser resonators.
The Audience (1959)

We have still to consider a group of people who give the drama its meaning, and without whom poet, producer and actors would be useless — the audience. Ancient literature gives many fascinating snippets of information about them, and anyone who has sat among a modern Greek audience will realize how little they have altered over the centuries. The Greeks of to-day go to the theatre with an enthusiasm and lack of reserve that the English keep for football matches. Far less theatrically sophisticated than their Western counterparts, they create an atmosphere of intense excitement, of willing response, which makes the performance a living thing and not a dull repetition. Emotions lie near the surface in Mediterranean countries, and the audience is not afraid to show when it is touched or amused. Sudden turns of plot are greeted with excited gasps; fine speeches and bravura pieces of acting arouse bursts of applause. The theatre is never ashamed to be theatrical. In the intervals the merits of the play, acting and setting are keenly discussed in a spirit of high critical appreciation.KeywordsWestern CounterpartLower TierFootball MatchAncient LiteratureIncense SmokeThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
REVIEWS (1954)

REVIEWS Get access The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift. Vol. VIII. Political Tracts 1713–19. Edited by HERBERT DAVIS and IRVIN EHRENPRESIS. Pp. xl+243. Oxford: Blackwell, 1953. 215. net. HAROLD WILLIAMS HAROLD WILLIAMS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of English Studies, Volume V, Issue 19, 1954, Pages 300–301, https://doi.org/10.1093/res/V.19.300 Published: 01 October 1954
IFN-gamma reverses IL-4 inhibition of fetal thymus growth in organ culture (1991)

IL-4 is known to inhibit the growth and differentiation of 14-day-old fetal mouse thymus in organ culture. Here we report that IFN-gamma reverses this IL-4-mediated growth inhibition. Thymus lobes from 14-day-old fetuses were cultured for 12 days in medium containing 100 IU/ml rIL-4 either in the absence or presence of rIFN-gamma (100 to 1000 IU/ml). After culture, the cell yields and the absolute numbers and frequencies of the major subpopulations according the coordinate expression of CD4 and CD8 were estimated. IL-4 treatment alone was found to result in a seven-fold decrease in cell yield and an almost complete absence of the CD4+CD8+ subpopulation. Addition of IFN-gamma reversed IL-4-mediated inhibition in a dose-dependent fashion, with an optimal dose ranging from 200 to 500 IU/ml. IFN-gamma exerted this effect only when added within the first 48 h of initiating the culture. The specificity of the reversal effect was ascertained by neutralization of the effect by a neutralizing anti-IFN-gamma mAb and by lack of activity of human IFN-gamma. In the absence of IL-4, IFN-gamma had a growth-promoting effect as evident from a threefold increase in cell numbers.
Design and Modeling of Field-Emitter Arrays for a High Brilliance Electron Source (2006)

Electrons emitted via field emission from micron sized metallic tips have an intrinsically low emittance. Using a doubled gated emitter geometry, parallel beamlets are produced from these tips, which can be combined with minor losses in emittance into a two dimensional field emitter array to reach the required beam current. The main performance degradation of the double gated structures is due to the presence of nonlinear transverse forces, which can be minimized by a suitable non planar gate geometry. The surface roughness of the tip can give an additional field enhancement of 2-3 and strongly influence the emission properties. This problem is modeled by a new semi-classical algorithm, which obtains the current densities and momentum distribution by computing the size and shape of the quantum mechanical potential barrier on the surface. For synthetically generated surfaces, one sees an increase in the energy spread to 0.5-1.7 eV. High performance field emitter cathodes require giving rise to nonlinear space charge forces. to avoid deterioration by space charge forces. The influence of inhomogeneities in the emission is specially pronounced, if they are spatially correlated, giving rise to nonlinear space charge forces.
Analysis of fluid film lubrication in artificial hip joint replacements with surfaces of high elastic modulus (1997)

Lubrication mechanisms and contact mechanics have been analysed for total hip joint replacements made from hard bearing surfaces such as metal-on-metal and ceramic-on-ceramic. A similar analysis for ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) against a hard bearing surface has also been carried out and used as a reference. The most important factor influencing the predicted lubrication film thickness has been found to be the radial clearance between the ball and the socket. Full fluid film lubrication may be achieved in these hard/hard bearings provided that the surface finish of the bearing surface and the radial clearance are chosen correctly and maintained. Furthermore, there is a close relation between the predicted contact half width and the predicted lubrication film thickness. Therefore, it is important to analyse the contact mechanics in artificial hip joint replacements. Practical considerations of manufacturing these bearing surfaces have also been discussed.
HOSPITAL RESOURCE PLANNING: CONCEPTS, FEASIBILITY, AND FRAMEWORK (1995)

The mantra of health care reform in hospitals in the United States and elsewhere, the spiralling costs of health care, and the development of diagnostic‐related groups (DRGS) that define health services as “products” are influencing the strategic role of operations planning and control in hospital delivery systems. We developed a new operations planning and control system that we call “Hospital Resource Planning” (HRP). This system is based on the concept of DRGS and the familiar concept of manufacturing resources planning (MRP‐II). TO determine the potential feasibility of HRP, we gathered longitudinal data from two hospitals, one 300‐bed community hospital and one 1,100‐bed teaching hospital. Our exploratory study indicated that while the concept of MRP‐II can be transferred to hospitals, the traditional MRP logic has shortcomings. HRP advances prior research in three ways: (1) consideration of DRGS as products with a bill of resources structure that simultaneously incorporates both capacity and materials resources, (2) implementation of a hospital‐wide (versus a functional) planning and control'system, and (3) gross‐to‐net requirements logic based on notions of treatment staging. Other feasibility issues that we addressed pertain to a stochastic bill of resources, trends toward hospital product standardization, and the coordination of a central planning system with decentralized decision making. The paper concludes with a description of areas for future research.
A Power Division Reuse Partitioning Scheme with Half Frequency Reuse Factor for OFDMA Downlink Systems (2008)

In multicell OFDMA systems, throughput is severely degraded by other cell interference (OCI), especially at cell edge. To satisfy the performance requirement, OCI must be mitigated effectively. Several schemes have been proposed to handle this problem by coordinating the way to allocate spectrum resource to each cell. Since the allocation of spectrum has effects on OCI mitigation and the spectral efficiency, an wise strategy to consider those two factors is required. In this paper, we propose a new scheme named as power division reuse partitioning scheme (PDRPS). PDRPS balances OCI mitigation and spectral efficiency by adopting interference cancellation (IC) scheme. The simulation results show that PDRPS has more throughput and lower outage probability than the conventional schemes.
Family assessment: Systems theory and the genogram (1982)

General systems theory principles are used as a basis for assessment of a family system. The genogram is developed as a clear diagrammatic method of obtaining relevant information. Family genograms are demonstrated from case histories and the systems theoretical approach is utilized to interpret information. It is suggested that adoption of this assessment method will promote holistic health care for a child and his/her family.
Comparison of speckle reduction techniques on the identification of human activities in laser range-gated SWIR imaging (2010)

Active imaging systems, including laser range-gated short wave infrared (LRG SWIR) systems, are currently being developed to increase the identification range performance of ground-to-ground electro-optical targeting systems. These systems have several distinct technological and practical advantages over passive systems, but they also suffer from peculiar phenomena, including laser speckle. This paper reports on a study in which the benefits of speckle reduction techniques on the ability of observers to identify human activities were determined empirically. Since no suitable LRG SWIR imagery existed, it was necessary to first develop a simulation of speckle formation in a typical LRG SWIR imager, which also included the chosen speckle reduction techniques. The simulation was then applied to a human activities target set and the resulting imagery evaluated in a perception experiment.
Design Optimization of Needle Geometry for Wafer-Level Probing Test (2009)

The probing test is a typical quality control method for individual chips on a wafer. With a proper design, the service life of probing needles in the probe card can be sufficiently elongated and hence reduces the testing cost. In this paper, we followed the Taguchi method with the L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">18</sub> (2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> times 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> ) orthogonal array to obtain an optimal geometrical design of the probing needle based on the minimization of the scrub length the probe tip travels during a wafer-level probing test procedure. Geometrical factors of the needle included tip shape, needle diameter, beam length, taper length, knee diameter, shooting angle, tip length, and tip diameter. Importance of theses factors on the scrub length was also ranked.
Effects of Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction on the Heart (2002)

The heart responds to the minimal but persistent changes in circulating thyroid hormone levels typical of subclinical thyroid dysfunction. Thus, the condition is not a compensated biochemical change sensu strictu, and timely treatment should be considered in an attempt to avoid adverse cardiovascular effects.
Paleobiology and Behavior (2017)

Paleobiology, the study of ancient life, gives us a window onto the habits, biology, and behavior of individuals and species that are now extinct. Although extinct species cannot be observed directly, their paleobiology and behavior can be inferred from study of the fossil and geological records in combination with knowledge about modern organisms and processes. Paleobiological reconstructions thus help to shed light on many aspects of ancient lives, including ecology, diet, locomotion, life history, mating systems, biogeography, speciation, extinction, and abundance.
Ten years of progress and promise of induced pluripotent stem cells: historical origins, characteristics, mechanisms, limitations, and potential applications (2017)

The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by Shinya Yamanaka in 2006 was heralded as a major breakthrough of the decade in stem cell research. The ability to reprogrammed human somatic cells to a pluripotent embryonic stem cell-like state through the ectopic expression of a combination of embryonic transcription factors was greeted with great excitement by scientists and bioethicists. The reprogramming technology offers the opportunity to generate patient-specific stem cells for modeling human diseases, drug development and screening, and individualized regenerative cell therapy. However, fundamental questions have been raised regarding the molecular mechanism of iPSCs generation, a process still poorly understood by scientists. The efficiency of reprogramming of iPSCs remains low due to the effect of various barriers of reprogramming. There is also the risk of chromosomal instability and oncogenic transformation associated with the use of viral vectors, such as retrovirus and lentivirus, which deliver the reprogramming transcription factors by integration in the host cell genome. These challenges can hinder the therapeutic prospects and promise of iPSCs and their clinical applications. Consequently, extensive studies have been done to elucidate the molecular mechanism of reprogramming and novel strategies have been identified which help to improve the efficiency of reprogramming methods and overcome the safety concerns linked with iPSCs generation. Distinct barriers and enhancers of reprogramming have been elucidated and non-integrating reprogramming methods have been reported. Here, we summarize the progress and the recent advances that have been made over the last 10 years in the iPSCs field, with emphasis on the molecular mechanism of reprogramming, strategies to improve the efficiency of reprogramming, characteristics and limitations of iPSCs, and the progress made in the applications of iPSCs in the field of disease modelling, drug discovery and regenerative medicine. Additionally, this study appraised the role of genomic editing technology in the generation of healthy iPSCs.
Dietary Fat and Prostate Cancer: Current Status (1999)

Efforts to elucidate the causes of prostate cancer have met with little success to date. All that is known with certainty is that the incidence increases exponentially with age, varies by geography and by race or ethnicity, and is higher among men whose father or brother had the disease. Because the incidence changes in migrants and their offspring, exogenous factors certainly contribute to the risk of prostate cancer. Early epidemiologic studies implicated dietary fat as a likely causal factor for this cancer. However, scientific support for such an association has diminished in recent years as more epidemiologic evidence has accrued. Accordingly, we reviewed the relevant English language literature on this topic, including epidemiologic and animal studies, as well as current concepts regarding the involvement of fat in carcinogenesis to re-examine the fat-prostate cancer hypothesis. We conclude that dietary fat may indeed be related to prostate cancer risk, although the specific fat components that are responsible are not yet clear. Given the diverse effects of fatty acids on cellular biology and chemistry, it seems likely that the relationship is complex, involving the interplay of fat with other dietary factors, such as antioxidant vitamins and minerals, or with genetic factors that influence susceptibility. Some suggestions for further research are offered.
Maintenance Policies for Stochastically Failing Equipment: A Survey (1965)

This paper is a survey of scheduling policies for stochastically failing equipment. The development of these policies has relied on a variety of mathematical techniques. This reliance together with the diversity of the applications has sometimes obscured the underlying structure that is common to all these policies. The primary purpose of this survey is to identify this common structure and thereby clarify the relationships existing among the various maintenance policies. With this clarification in mind, it is hoped that the survey will provide a convenient introduction to the problems of scheduling maintenance for equipment subject to stochastic failure. The second purpose of the paper is to identify both the boundary separating scheduling problems that have been solved from interesting scheduling problems awaiting solution and the boundary separating theoretical solutions already available from applications of these solutions to practical problems. The progress of future theoretical and applied research in this field will be affected by the present positions of these boundaries. Even a crude measurement of these positions should enable us to predict the direction of future research.