gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cascades in Networks and Aggregate Volatility (2010)

We provide a general framework for the study of cascade effects created by interconnections between sectors, firms or financial institutions. Focusing on a multi sector economy linked through a supply network, we show how structural properties of the supply network determine both whether aggregate volatility disappears as the number of sectors increases (i.e., whether the law of large numbers holds) and when it does, the rate at which this happens. Our main results characterize the relationship between first order interconnections (captured by the weighted degree sequence in the graph induced by the input-output relations) and aggregate volatility, and more importantly, the relationship between higher-order interconnections and aggregate volatility. These higher-order interconnections capture the cascade effects, whereby low productivity or the failure of a set of suppliers propagates through the rest of the economy as their downstream sectors/firms also suffer and transmit the negative shock to their downstream sectors/firms. We also link the probabilities of tail events (large negative deviations of aggregate output from its mean) to sector-specific volatility and to the structural properties of the supply network.
Neural cardiovascular function after cervical spinal cord injury (2009)

Maintenance of a stable blood pressure (BP) requires dynamic balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic outflow to the cardiovascular effectors including the heart and the vasculature system. Beside a loss of motor and sensory functioning, hemodynamic instability is a common problem among individuals with SCI especially those occurring in the cervical region. Cardiovascular disorders associated with SCI limit individuals participation in rehabilitation therapy and negatively impact other aspects of their lives. The aim of this study is to assess the capacity of neural control of BP regulation in individuals with cervical SCI at rest and in response to orthostatic stress. We used spectral power technique to quantify the neural regulation of cardiovascular function in 8 individual with cervical SCI, and 10 non-injured (NI) individuals. Low resting BP and a further decrease in BP with orthostatic stress were common in cervical SCI while heart rate (HR) was in normal range at rest, and significantly increased with stress. Low frequency spectral power of systolic BP was significantly low at rest, and increased with orthostatic stress in individual with motor incomplete SCI. Spectral power of HR, measure of parasympathetic activity, was also low in SCI indicating down regulation of parasympathetic activity, even though its pathways to the heart remain intact. Individuals with SCI are prone to have irregular breathing. Respiratory related oscillations may be augmented in BP and HR variability due to both irregularity and autonomic dysfunction.
Epigenetic Downregulation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase MKP-2 Relieves Its Growth Suppressive Activity in Glioma Cells (2010)

Critical tumor suppression pathways in brain tumors have yet to be fully defined. Along with mutational analyses, genome-wide epigenetic investigations may reveal novel suppressor elements. Using differential methylation hybridization, we identified a CpG-rich region of the promoter of the dual-specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-2 gene (DUSP4/MKP-2) that is hypermethylated in gliomas. In 83 astrocytic gliomas and 5 glioma cell lines examined, hypermethylation of the MKP-2 promoter was found to occur relatively more frequently in diffuse or anaplastic astrocytomas and secondary glioblastomas relative to primary glioblastomas. MKP-2 hypermethylation was associated with mutations in TP53 and IDH1, exclusive of EGFR amplification, and with prolonged survival of patients with primary glioblastoma. Expression analysis established that promoter hypermethylation correlated with reduced expression of MKP-2 mRNA and protein. Consistent with a regulatory role, reversing promoter hypermethylation by treating cells with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine increased MKP-2 mRNA levels. Furthermore, we found that glioblastoma cell growth was inhibited by overexpression of exogenous MKP-2. Our findings reveal MKP-2 as a common epigenetically silenced gene in glioma, the inactivation of which may play a significant role in glioma development.
ChemInform Abstract: A NOVEL C7H11+ CATION (1984)

Abstract Da die Diazotierung des endo‐Amins (Ia) eine deutlich andere Produktverteilung ergibt als die des exo‐Isomers (VI) und das Methylderivat (Ib) den Alkohol (Vb) (Ausb. 660/0) als Hauptprodukt liefert, wird eine zumindest teilweise unterschiedliche Produktbildung aus (Ia) und (VI) angenommen.
Control of biped walking robot for human living environment (2009)

Abstract This paper introduces biped robot adaptation to human living environment from viewpoints of battery operation time extension and environmental recognition. These issues are important when robots actually work at home. First, in order to extend battery operation time, we propose energy‐saving bipedal locomotion gait. The problem is formulated as an optimal control problem, which is conventionally hard to solve when a target system is complicated. In this paper, partial derivatives appeared in optimal control problem are implicitly represented by using automatic differentiation technique. This approach enables complicated optimal control problem solvable. In combination with receding horizon control, its computation cost is also reduced. Second, we introduce the biped walk tracking based on the camera image mounted on the walking robot, and the visual servoing by the posture change for the purpose of the target image tracking in the camera frame. We propose a new control law to track the rotated target object using the characteristic of the walking, which considered the interference between translational motion and rotational motion. The decoupling is realized by simulations and experiments. As a result, the walking robot tracked the translated and rotated target object without a practical issue. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Assimilation of sulphur into the cell-wall polysaccharide of the red microalga<i>Porphyridium</i>sp. (Rhodophyta) (2006)

AbstractM. Keidan, H. Broshy, D. van Moppes and S. (Malis) Arad. 2006. Assimilation of sulphur into the cell-wall polysaccharide of the red microalga Porphyridium sp. (Rhodophyta). Phycologia 45: 505–511. DOI: 10.2216/05-57.1The cell walls of red algae contain sulphated polysaccharides. It is believed that the bioactivity of such natural sulphated polysaccharides may be attributed to the sulphate groups. Knowledge of the mode of sulphation of these polysaccharides is, however, very limited. The current study forms part of our efforts to elucidate the mode of sulphation of the cell-wall polysaccharide of the red microalga Porphyridium sp. Although this microalga is an obligatory photoautotroph, under conditions of sulphate starvation it can assimilate the sulphur-containing amino acid cysteine (but not methionine) and incorporate sulphur from [35S]cysteine into the cell-wall polysaccharide. The ratio between 35S uptake to the soluble polysaccharide complex and to the cells was threefold higher from [35S]cysteine than that from Na235SO4, although the uptake of 35S to the cells was higher when Na235SO4 was used as the sulphur source. Pulse–chase experiments demonstrated that differences in the incorporation of 35S from the two sulphur sources were greater for the soluble polysaccharide complex (45.1% from [35S]cysteine vs. 13.9% from Na235SO4) than for the cellular fractions (bound polysaccharide, protein and low-molecular-weight fraction). SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the 35S label resided predominantly in the polysaccharide of the soluble complex and not in the glycoprotein. The effect of sodium chlorate, a sulphation inhibitor, on 35S incorporation into the soluble polysaccharide complex and the different cellular fractions depended on the 35S source: significant inhibition of sulphation of the soluble polysaccharide complex was found for [35S]cysteine as the source of sulphate, i.e. 87% vs.36.4% for Na235SO4. This study suggests that in addition to the commonly accepted sulphate pathway, there is another sulphation pathway in which cysteine serves as the sulphur source.Key words:: Porphyridium sp.Red microalgaSodium chlorateSulphated polysaccharideSulphur assimilation pathways ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe authors wish to thank Prof. T. Leustek, Rutgers University, for very valuable comments and Ms. I. Mureinik for styling the manuscript.
A Minimum Data Set of Water Quality Parameters to Assess and Compare Treatment Efficiency of Stormwater Facilities (2011)

Urban stormwater runoff is often of poor quality, impacting aquatic ecosystems and limiting the use of stormwater runoff for recreational purposes. Several stormwater treatment facilities (STFs) are in operation or at the pilot testing stage, but their efficiencies are neither well documented nor easily compared due to the complex contaminant profile of stormwater and the highly variable runoff hydrograph. On the basis of a review of available data sets on urban stormwater quality and environmental contaminant behavior, we suggest a few carefully selected contaminant parameters (the minimum data set) to be obligatory when assessing and comparing the efficiency of STFs. Consistent use of the minimum data set in all future monitoring schemes for STFs will ensure broad‐spectrum testing at low costs and strengthen comparability among facilities. The proposed minimum data set includes: (i) fine fraction of suspended solids (<63 μm), (ii) total concentrations of zinc and copper, (iii) total concentrations of phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and benzo(b,k)fluoranthene, and (iv) total concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen. Indicator pathogens and other specific contaminants (i.e., chromium, pesticides, phenols) may be added if recreational or certain catchment‐scale objectives are to be met. Issues that need further investigation have been identified during the iterative process of developing the minimum data set.
Problem Music and Self‐Harming (2006)

Academics and protest groups have claimed that "problem music" (hard rock, hip hop/rap, & punk) causes self-injurious thoughts/behaviors among fans. In this study we investigated whether the relationship is mediated by self-esteem, delinquency, and conservatism; and whether first exposure to problem music preceded self-injurious thoughts. A liking for problem music was associated with four of the five self-injurious measures, although these significant relationships were weakened (into nonsignificance in the case of two self-injurious measures) when the mediating variables were included. Listening to problem music did not precede self-injurious thoughts. Problem music is associated with self-injurious thoughts and behaviors, but this relationship is mediated by other factors and the former does not seem to cause the latter.
Continuous Subcutaneous Delivery of a Glucagon Analog, ICA6150349, to Rats and Nonhuman Primates Demonstrates Safety and Tolerability in a 14-Day Toxicity Study (2018)

ICA6150349, a 38-amino-acid peptide, is a glucagon analog that is highly selective for the human glucagon receptor. In a 14-day toxicity study, rats and cynomolgus monkeys received ICA6150349 at doses of 0, 0.875, 8.75, 87.5 mcg/day and 0, 17.92, 179.2, 3584 mcg/day, respectively. Animals were evaluated for reversibility of findings for an additional 14 days. The TK characteristics of ICA6150349 were also determined. In rats, there was a pharmacologically expected dose-dependent decrease in body weight (BW) gains and food consumption, which demonstrated a recovery trend. Clinical pathology and anatomic pathological changes, largely restricted to the exaggerated pharmacological effect of glucagon at high exposures, had mostly recovered during the dose-free period. ICA6150349 exposures (AUC0-24) increased dose-proportionally in male and female rats on D2. On D14, exposure was 40-60% lower than on D2 in the 0.875 and 8.75 mcg/day dose groups and similar to D2 in the 87.5 mcg/day dose group after adjustment for changes in BW. ADAs were observed in rats from all dose groups, but did not impact the TK of ICA6150349. In cynomolgus monkeys, the effects of ICA6150349 were limited to minimally decreased RBC mass (hemoglobin, red blood cell count, and hematocrit) at 3584 mcg/day with recovery. ICA6150349 exposure (AUC0-24) increased dose-proportionally on D2. On Day 14, exposures were 14-65% lower than on D2 in all groups except the 3584 mcg/day females. ADA were observed in 46.7% of treated monkeys; however, ADA status only affected TK at the 3584 mcg/day dose level. Overall, ICA6150349 was well tolerated. Nonclinical safety studies identified no adverse effects (based on the minimal magnitude of change, severity grading and reversibility) at any dose level tested with a NOAEL of 87.5 mcg/day in rats and 3584 mcg/day in monkeys. All observed effects have been non-adverse, reversible, and consistent with known actions of glucagon. Disclosure D. Zane: None. R. Singh: None. J. Shelton: None. S. Roller: Employee; Self; Intarcia Therapeutics, Inc. M. Paulik: Employee; Self; Intarcia Therapeutics, Inc. J. Way: Employee; Self; Intarcia Therapeutics, Inc. W.C. Blackwell: Employee; Self; Intarcia Therapeutics, Inc. V. Srivastava: Employee; Self; Intarcia Therapeutics, Inc. R. Hodge: Employee; Self; Intarcia Therapeutics, Inc.. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Intarcia Therapeutics, Inc. P.L. Feldman: Employee; Self; Intarcia Therapeutics, Inc. T.R. Alessi: Employee; Self; Intarcia Therapeutics, Inc..
Modeling with multiresolution subdivision surfaces (2006)

Subdivision surfaces and their multiresolution extensions are a powerful representation for surface modeling and design. In this chapter we survey a variety of subdivision-based modeling methods including multiresolution deformations, boolean operations, cut-and-paste editing of surfaces, defining free-form sharp features and adding topologically complex detail. These notes are based on the articles "A Survey of Subdivision-Based Tools for Surface Modeling" by I. Boier-Martin, D. Zorin and F. Bernardini, and "Interactive modeling of topologically complex geometric detail" by J. Peng, D. Kristjansson and D. Zorin.
Active ingress monitoring (AIM): an intrusion isolation scheme in active networks (2002)

Denial of Service (DoS) attacks have proven to be a challenging issue for the Internet community. We present a novel approach, active ingress monitoring (AIM), to effectively isolate DoS attacks that use randomly forged source IP addresses. Unlike the existing approaches, AIM reduces the computational overloads by executing the monitoring and filtering operations on selected packet streams only when needed. In addition, our scheme does not require complicated requirements or mandatory participation from every individual network in the Internet. AIM is based on the active networks environment and operates in the network layer based on passive traffic monitoring.
Multiple scales in streamer discharges, with an emphasis on moving boundary approximations (2010)

Streamer discharges determine the very first stage of sparks or lightning, and they govern the evolution of huge sprite discharges above thunderclouds as well as the operation of corona reactors in plasma technology. Streamers are nonlinear structures with multiple inner scales. After briefly reviewing basic observations, experiments and the microphysics, we start from density models for streamers, i.e. from reaction-drift-diffusion equations for charged-particle densities coupled to the Poisson equation of electrostatics, and focus on derivation and solution of moving boundary approximations for the density models. We recall that so-called negative streamers are linearly stable against branching (and we conjecture this for positive streamers as well), and that streamer groups in two dimensions are well approximated by the classical Saffman-Taylor finger of two fluid flow. We draw conclusions on streamer physics, and we identify open problems in the moving boundary approximations.
Nitrogen dioxide gas-sensing studies on dip-coated films of novel chromophoric siloxane copolymers employing azo derivatives as side-chains (1998)

Siloxane copolymers having as side-chains azobenzene derivatives bearing different electron-withdrawing and donating substituents were deposited as thin films by dip coating, and their behaviour upon exposure to 100 pm NO2 was studied by UV/visible spectroscopy. Electron-donating substituents at the ortho positions on the aromatic rings in the azo unit have significant influence on the absorbance changes produced by exposure to NO2, and this is explained by modelling, which suggests that interaction between the electrophilic nitrogen atom in NO2 and the electron clouds of the azobenzene skeleton is responsible for the sensing process, rather than the formation of a Wheland intermediate or other product of chemical reaction. Especially effective substituents are methoxy groups in either aromatic ring ortho or the azo linkage, which also produce a significant increase in intensity of the long-wavelength n–π* transition. This moves the optical interrogation signal to a wavelength range of particular benefit for potential applications. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generation of expressed sequence tags and sequence-tagged sites as physical landmarks in the mosquito, <i>Aedes aegypti</i>, genome (1996)

Twenty-three clones were developed as expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and sequence-tagged sites (STSs) that provide broad coverage of the mosquito, Aedes aegypti, genome at an average spacing of about 7.2 cM. Each of these clones had been mapped previously as a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) marker. Nineteen of these clones represent anonymous cDNAs and 4 clones represent known genes. Forty-seven percent of the anonymous cDNAs showed significant deduced amino acid sequence similarity to previously described sequences from a wide variety of organisms. STSs developed from RFLPs will provide effective tools for rapid screening of YAC and cosmid libraries, and will therefore, provide anchor points for contig construction for any region in the A. aegypti genome. Also, they facilitate the simultaneous integration of physical and genetic mapping data for A. aegypti.
Experimental consequences of $p_z$-wave spin triplet superconductivity in A$_2$Cr$_3$As$_3$ (2015)

The experimental observable properties of the triplet $p_z$-wave pairing state, proposed by Wu {\em et al.} [arXiv:1503.06707] in quasi-one dimensional A$_2$Cr$_3$As$_3$ materials, are theoretically investigated. This pairing state is characterized by the line nodes on the $k_z=0$ plane on the Fermi surfaces. Based on the three-band tight binding model, we obtain the specific heat, superfluid density, Knight shift and spin relaxation rate and find that all these properties at low temperature ($T\ll T_c$) show powerlaw behaviors and are consistent available experiments. Particularly, the superfluid density determined by the $p_z$-wave pairing state in this quasi-one dimensional system is anisotropic: the in-plane superfluid density varies as $Δρ_{\parallel}\sim T$ but the out-plane one varies as $Δρ_{\perp}\sim T^3$ at low temperature. The anisotropic upper critical field reported in experiment is consistent with the $S_z=0$ (i.e., $(\uparrow\downarrow+\downarrow\uparrow)$) $p_z$-wave pairing state. We also suggest the phase-sensitive dc-SQUID measurements to pin down the triplet $p_z$-wave pairing state.
Peptides in Low Molecular Weight Fraction of Serum Associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2010)

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the United States is increasing and the increase is projected to continue for several decades. The overall survival of HCC patients is poor and treatments are not effective in part because most of the diagnoses come at a late stage. The development of new markers for detection of HCC would significantly improve patient prognosis. This paper describes identification of candidate markers previously reported in our serologic study of an Egyptian population by quantitative comparison of matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra. To identify these marker candidates, we performed LC-MS/MS sequencing that identified nine native peptides associated with HCC, including two reported previously. Four truncations of N terminus of complement C3f and a fibrinopeptide increased in control sera; two complement C4α peptides, a zyxin peptide, and a coagulation factor XIII peptide increased in cancer patient sera. We have also identified increased biliverdin diglucuronide in the sera of cancer patients. These peptides could potentially serve as markers of HCC following additional validation studies; however, association of similar peptides with other diseases and cancers dictates a very cautious approach.
Myocardial blood flow measurement with a conventional dual-head SPECT/CT with spatiotemporal iterative reconstructions - a clinical feasibility study. (2013)

Cardiac single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) cameras typically rotate too slowly around a patient to capture changes in the blood pool activity distribution and provide accurate kinetic parameters. A spatiotemporal iterative reconstruction method to overcome these limitations was investigated. Dynamic rest/stress (99m)Tc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile ((99m)Tc-MIBI) SPECT/CT was performed along with reference standard rest/stress dynamic positron emission tomography (PET/CT) (13)N-NH3 in five patients. The SPECT data were reconstructed using conventional and spatiotemporal iterative reconstruction methods. The spatiotemporal reconstruction yielded improved image quality, defined here as a statistically significant (p<0.01) 50% contrast enhancement. We did not observe a statistically significant difference between the correlations of the conventional and spatiotemporal SPECT myocardial uptake K 1 values with PET K 1 values (r=0.25, 0.88, respectively) (p<0.17). These results indicate the clinical feasibility of quantitative, dynamic SPECT/CT using (99m)Tc-MIBI and warrant further investigation. Spatiotemporal reconstruction clearly provides an advantage over a conventional reconstruction in computing K 1.
Chapter 10 Vulnerability of reef-building corals on the Great Barrier Reef to climate change (2007)

This is Chapter 10 of Climate change and the Great Barrier Reef: a vulnerability assessment. The entire book can be found at http://hdl.handle.net/11017/137
Screening and Selection of High Carotenoid Producing in Vitro Tomato Cell Culture Lines for [<sup>13</sup>C]-Carotenoid Production (2010)

Isotopically labeled tomato carotenoids, phytoene, phytofluene, and lycopene, are needed for mammalian bioavailability and metabolism research but are currently commercially unavailable. The goals of this work were to establish and screen multiple in vitro tomato cell lines for carotenoid production, test the best producers with or without the bleaching herbicides, norflurazon and 2-(4-chlorophenyl-thio)triethylamine (CPTA), and to use the greatest carotenoid accumulator for in vitro 13C-labeling. Different Solanum lycopersicum allelic variants for high lycopene and varying herbicide treatments were compared for carotenoid accumulation in callus and suspension culture, and cell suspension cultures of the hp-1 line were chosen for isotopic labeling. When grown with [U]-13C-glucose and treated with CPTA, hp-1 suspensions yielded highly enriched 13C-lycopene with 45% of lycopene in the M+40 form and 88% in the M+35 to M+40 isotopomer range. To the authors' knowledge this is the first report of highly enriched 13C-carotenoid production from in vitro plant cell culture.