gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bio-Inspired Laminates of Different Material Systems (2019)

Abstract Helicoidal laminates mimicking the laminar structure of the exoskeleton of crustaceans have been reported to resist higher out-of-plane loads than the common cross-ply and quasi-isotropic fiber-reinforced laminates. Some have reported that smaller inter-ply angle improves strength of helicoidal laminates but others have reported the opposite. A few important material parameters that dictate the failure mechanism of helicoidal laminates have recently been proposed based on proof-of-concept carbon fiber-reinforced laminates, which is not the best material system to benefit from a helicoidal configuration. This study investigates the out-of-plane loading performance of helicoidal laminates with various inter-ply angles, ply thicknesses, and materials. Result shows that the failure mechanism is dictated by the competition between spiraling matrix split and delamination followed by fiber breakage regardless of the laminate material system. Spiraling matrix split resistance decreases as pitch (ratio of inter-ply angle to ply thickness) and matrix toughness decreases. This study provides guidelines for the optimization of helicoidal laminates. Coexistence of spiraling matrix split and fiber damage is often seen on the failed laminate with the highest peak load. The optimal inter-ply angle provides the optimal spiraling matrix split resistance; so, neither spiraling matrix split nor fiber/delamination damage becomes dominant. Since resistance to spiraling matrix split decreases as pitch or matrix toughness decreases, the optimal inter-ply angle will increase for laminates with weaker matrix or thicker plies and vice versa.
416. Synthesis of divicine (2 : 4-diamino-5 : 6-dihydroxypyrimidine) and other derivatives of 4 : 5(5 : 6)-dihydroxypyrimidine (1956)

J. Davoll and D. H. Laney, J. Chem. Soc., 1956, 2124 DOI: 10.1039/JR9560002124
Enhanced solder wettability of oxidized‐copper with lead‐free solder via Ar‐H2 plasmas for flip‐chip bumping: the effects of H2 flow rates (2012)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of H2 flow rate on improving the solder wettability of oxidized‐copper with liquid lead‐free solder (96.5Sn‐3Ag‐0.5Cu) by Ar‐H2 plasmas. The aim was to improve the solder wettability of oxidized copper from 0 per cent wetting of copper oxidized in air at 260 o C for 1 hour to 100 per cent wetting of oxidized‐copper modified by Ar‐H2 plasmas at certain H2 flow rates and to find correlations between the surface characteristics of copper and the solder wettability with liquid lead‐free solder. Design/methodology/approach To reduce the copper oxides on the surfaces of oxidized‐copper for improving solder wettability with liquid lead‐free solder, this study attempted to apply Ar‐H2 plasmas to ablate the copper oxides from the surfaces of oxidized‐copper by the physical bombardment of the Ar plasmas and to reduce the surfaces of oxidized‐copper by the chemical reaction of H2 plasmas with the surfaces of oxidized‐copper. Findings The solder wettability of oxidized‐copper was found to be highly dependent on the surface characteristics of the copper. The values of polar surface free energy and dispersive surface free energy on the surfaces of oxidized‐copper modified by Ar‐H2 plasmas were close to those values of solid lead‐free solder, which resulted in improved solder wettability with liquid lead‐free solder. Auger spectra indicated that the Ar‐H2 plasma modification was used to remove the copper oxides from the surfaces of oxidized‐copper. Originality/value The surface characterization of copper surfaces is typically determined by expensive surface analysis tool such as Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES). This paper reports the results of a study of a promising technique called the sessile drop test method, for examining the surface free energies such as total surface free energy, polar surface free energy and dispersive surface free energy on the surfaces of copper to clarify how the solder wettability of oxidized‐copper with liquid lead‐free solder was enhanced by Ar‐H2 plasmas.
Upregulation of the transcription factor TFEB in t(6;11)(p21;q13)-positive renal cell carcinomas due to promoter substitution (2003)

The MITF/TFE subfamily of basic helix-loop-helix leucine-zipper (bHLH-LZ) transcription factors consists of four closely related members, TFE3, TFEB, TFEC and MITF, which can form both homo- and heterodimers. Previously, we demonstrated that in t(X;1)(p11;q21)-positive renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), the TFE3 gene on the X chromosome is disrupted and fused to the PRCC gene on chromosome 1. Here we show that in t(6;11)(p21;q13)-positive RCCs the TFEB gene on chromosome 6 is fused to the Alpha gene on chromosome 11. The AlphaTFEB fusion gene appears to contain all coding exons of the TFEB gene linked to 5' upstream regulatory sequences of the Alpha gene. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that AlphaTFEB mRNA levels are up to 60-fold upregulated in primary tumor cells as compared with wild-type TFEB mRNA levels in normal kidney samples, resulting in a dramatic upregulation of TFEB protein levels. Additional transfection studies revealed that the TFEB protein encoded by the AlphaTFEB fusion gene is efficiently targeted to the nucleus. Based on these results we conclude that the RCC-associated t(6;11)(p21;q13) translocation leads to a dramatic transcriptional and translational upregulation of TFEB due to promoter substitution, thereby severely unbalancing the nuclear ratios of the MITF/TFE subfamily members. We speculate that this imbalance may lead to changes in the expression of downstream target genes, ultimately resulting in the development of RCC. Moreover, since this is the second MITF/TFE transcription factor that is involved in RCC development, our findings point towards a concept in which this bHLH-LZ subfamily may play a critical role in the regulation of (aberrant) renal cellular growth.
The diplomacy of resistance: power, hegemony and nuclear disarmament (2018)

The humanitarian initiative for nuclear disarmament has challenged and transformed global nuclear politics. Aimed at delegitimising nuclear weapons as acceptable instruments of statecraft, the initiative has been backed by many civil society organisations and most non-nuclear-weapon states. The nuclear-weapon states, however, have opposed the initiative, accusing it of undermining the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and destabilising nuclear politics. Conceptualising a ‘diplomacy of resistance’, this article positions the humanitarian initiative as a transnational social movement and traces its development through practices of resistance and counter-resistance. Drawing on Robert Cox’s conception of resistance as counter-hegemonic and Michael Barnett and Raymond Duvall’s taxonomy of power, the article explores the nexus of power and resistance in global nuclear politics. We explain the humanitarian movement’s specific aims and practices as a function of its champion’s relative political weakness vis-à-vis the nuclear-weapon states. The movement’s coherence and effectiveness, in turn, was fostered by a coalitional logic that allowed different identities of resistance to be steered towards a nuclear ban treaty within the UN’s institutional framework.
Forward and back energy transfer between Cu2+ and Yb3+ in Ca1−xCuSi4O10:Ybx crystals (2012)

We report on near-infrared photoluminescence studies in Ca1−xCuSi4O10: Ybx (x = 0.00 − 0.10) polycrystals by means of diffuse reflection, photoluminescence, excitation spectra and luminescence decay analysis. The samples show intense absorption bands at 540, 630, 800 nm due to Cu2+: 2B1g→2A1g, 2Eg, 2B2g transitions. Under the excitation, the samples show efficient photoluminescence at 920 nm from Cu2+ and 1007 nm from Yb3+, respectively. With increasing of Yb concentration, the PL intensity of Yb3+ increases obviously, while that of the Cu2+ decreases slightly. A probable energy transfer mechanism can be proposed on the basis of decay curves and temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectra.
Studying Bacterial Metabolic States Using Raman Spectroscopy (2006)

Natural metabolic variability expected during characteristic growth phases in batch cultures of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis were studied by Raman spectroscopy. Spectral changes induced by metabolic changes found in the growth phases (i.e., lag, exponential, stationary, and decay) were identified. Maximum intensity of bands assigned to DNA and RNA bases are seen at the beginning of the exponential phase, when cells are metabolically active, and minimum intensities are seen when cells are decaying. High agreement in spectral variation due to growth phases was seen for all the trials that were performed, four growth cycles for E. coli and two for S. epidermidis. Batch cultures were monitored by standard plate counts to identify all growth phases, including decay. Spectral data were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis to identify similarities and differences and to estimate a classification performance based on growth phases. For the species evaluated, spectra during decay are grouped closer to each other and separated from lag, exponential, and stationary cells. These results suggest that Raman spectroscopy can be used to study metabolic states in bacteria and in particular cell viability.
REVISITING THE DOPPLER FILTER OF LEO SATELLITE GNSS RECEIVERS FOR PRECISE VELOCITY ESTIMATION (2013)

The theoretical aspects of the precise velocity determination of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites’on board Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers are derived. It shows that the receiver’s Phase Lock Loop (PLL) is required to feature extremely small group delay within its low frequency band, which is in contrast to existing work that proposed wide band linear phase filters. Following this theory, a Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter is proposed. To corroborate, the proposed FIR filter and an Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filter lately proposed in literals are implemented in a LEO satellite onboard GNSS receiver. Tests are conducted using a third party commercial GPS signal generator. The results show that the GNSS receiver with the proposed FIR achieves 11 mm/s R.M.S precision, while the GNSS receiver with the IIR filter has a filter-caused velocity error that can not be ignored for space borne GNSS receivers.
Traitement d'images astronomiques dégradées par des fluctuations atmosphériques (1976)

Après avoir passé en revue les théories actuelles sur la formation des images astronomiques à travers la turbulence atmosphérique, on décrit diverses méthodes employées pour restaurer l'information : interférométrie, speckle-interférométrie, déconvolution. Une restauration complète de l'information est théoriquement possible par analyse statistique d'un grand nombre d'images instantanées.
Robust algorithms for direction-finding in the presence of model errors (1990)

The application of high-resolution, subspace-based methods to narrowband direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation relies on several critical assumptions. Two of these are that the response of the antenna array is known in all directions of interest, and that the spatial covariance of the background noise is known. Neither of these assumptions is satisfied in practice, often resulting in a serious degradation of algorithm performance. A model error sensitivity analysis is carried out for some popular high-resolution subspace-based algorithms. Theoretical expressions for the covariance of the DOA estimation error are developed and compared with that obtained by simulation. The analysis is also used to develop optimally weighted versions of the algorithms that are robust to the types of model errors considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lab-on-CMOS: Integrating microfluidics and electrochemical sensor on CMOS (2011)

This paper introduces an integration process capable of merging an electrochemical CMOS chip with a microfluidic structure to bring the performance benefits of on-CMOS sensors to lab-on-chip platforms. This new approach embeds a CMOS die into a carrier chip and provides a planar surface that supports complex microfluidic channels beyond the dimensions of a tiny CMOS die. The process provides a smooth surface suitable for patterning interconnects to reliably route chip pads to the edge of the carrier and for forming microfluidic mixers with detection channels that cross over the CMOS chip. This lab-on-CMOS process achieves high packing density and is suitable for batch production, opening new opportunities for next generation lab-on-chip devices.
Humidity sensor utilizing multiwalled carbon nanotubes coated quartz crystal microbalance (2008)

Carbon nanotube (CNT) is a promising material for humidity sensing due to its high specific surface area and large water absorption. In this work, multiwall CNTs are coated on quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) for humidity sensing at room temperature. The MWCNTs were then synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with iron catalyst powders. The deposition is conducted under hydrogen, acetylene and argon gases at atmospheric pressure and deposition temperature of 700degC. The obtained CNTs were ground to obtain small CNT fragments and purified by etching with nitric acid. The purified MWCNTs were then separated by sonication in methanol. Finally, the CNTs are coated on QCM by drop coating of CNTs in 5% polyethyleneimine-methanol solution. From scanning electron microscope (SEM) characterization, small clusters of MWCNTs were found to uniformly scatter over QCM electrode. The size and density of CNT clusters on QCM can be varied by adjusting the CNT concentration. With optimum CNT concentration, the humidity sensitivity of CNT coated QCM sensor is increased by more than two orders of magnitude compared to uncoated QCM sensor. In addition, the CNT based QCM sensor has fast humidity detection with short response and recovery times. Thus, the proposed CNTs deposition on the QCM electrode is an effective way to improve humidity-sensing characteristic of QCM sensor.
Mobile visual access to legacy voice-based applications (2009)

Vocal systems are a well-established reality. Examples of popular voice-based applications include helpdesk services, reservation systems, and vocal mailboxes. These services, that are accessible by mobile or fixed phones, suffer from some drawbacks: they cannot be used by people with hearing impairments, and they are not user-friendly for recurring customers who are forced into a bother-some interaction model. Thanks to the current availability of mobile devices with high processing capability and large memory, it is now possible to augment vocal systems with a graphical presentation. We designed an interpreter that converts the interaction between the user and the applications from vocal to visual, improving the usability of services as well as their accessibility. This has been achieved without requiring any substantial modification to the original voice-based systems. In this way, the service providers are not forced to re-write the applications or even abandon the technology in which they had invested.
A medium PRF UV preionised TEA CO<sub>2</sub>laser (1981)

From a 17 cm 3 active volume, output peak powers in excess of 1.8 MW have been obtained and pulse-rate frequencies up to 100 Hz with the laser described.
Real Applications of Markov Decision Processes (1985)

In the first few years of an ongoing survey of applications of Markov decision processes where the results have been implemented or have had some influence on decisions, few applications have been identified where the results have been implemented but there appears to be an increasing effort to model many phenomena as Markov decision processes.
Hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of erosive osteoarthritis. (1995)

The use of hydroxychloroquine in patients with erosive OA unresponsive to NSAID appears promising. Prospective studies are needed to confirm our observations.
Analysis And Optimization Of A Crashworthy Helicopter Seat (2008)

The objective of a crashworthy seat is to improve the survivability of occupants (cockpit and cabin) in helicopter crashes. All modern helicopter seats are equipped with an energy absorber to reduce lumbar spine load during crash landing. The main objective of this research is to carry out the structural analysis and optimization of a helicopter crashworthy troop seat assembly using finite element methods. The transient dynamic nonlinear finite element analysis helps in identifying whether the seat structure will survive in a crash landing situation, and optimization helps in reducing the weight of the crashworthy seat. \nThe seat is analyzed using a combination of MATLAB & the Flexible dynamic module of ANSYS Workbench 11.0, while the optimization is carried out using Design of Experiments from inbuilt ANSYS DesignXplorer.\nThe analysis points out the weakest links in the crashworthy seat structure and optimization is then carried to make it failsafe as well as reduce the weight of the assembly.
Effect of laser wavelengths and HpD on diffuse reflectance of tumor surface in mice (1996)

We report the effect of laser wavelengths and HpD on diffuse reflectance of tumor surface in mice. Three kinds of lasers of six different wavelengths and hemetoporphyrin derivative as photosensitizer were used in the experiment. Tumor- bearing mice were divided into two groups. The mice of one group were given an i.p. injection of HpD 10 mg/kg. 24 hours later, the laser diffuse reflectance of tumor surface of the mice of two groups were measured by a single integrating sphere system with laser in six wavelengths. The results of measurement showed that significant difference of diffuse reflectance on tumor surface between the visible laser light and infrared laser light were observed. There was no significant difference in diffuse reflectance on tumor surface with and without i.p. injection of HpD. So it is unnecessary to consider the effect of HpD when calculating the actual laser dose irradiated into the tumor. The diffuse reflectance of tumor surface reaches its maximum at 1060nm wavelength, as twice as at 514.5 nm wavelength. It is hence concluded that diffuse reflectance should be taken into consideration when calculating the actual laser density for irradiation on tumors.
Electrochemical performance and reaction mechanism of all-solid-state lithium–air batteries composed of lithium, Li1+xAlyGe2−y(PO4)3 solid electrolyte and carbon nanotube air electrode (2012)

The all-solid-state lithium–air cells using lithium anode, the Li1+xAlyGe2−y(PO4)3 inorganic solid electrolyte and the air electrode composed of carbon nanotubes and inorganic solid electrolyte were constructed. The electrochemical performance and reaction mechanism of the cells were investigated in the air atmosphere. The all-solid-state lithium–air cells were successful in discharging and charging. The first discharge and charge capacities were about 1700 mA h g−1 and 900 mA h g−1, respectively, at a current density of 500 mA g−1 in the voltage range of 2.0–4.2 V (vs. Li/Li+). The observed electrochemical redox potential of around 3.1 V (vs. Li) indicated that the electrochemical reaction in the cells is the formation and decomposition of Li2O2. Additionally, the total polarization of 0.2 V, between charge and discharge curves under a low current density, proved that the use of stable solid electrolytes can improve the large polarization observed in the cell using organic liquid electrolytes. However, the presence of both electrochemical and chemical side reactions, in which gases such as water and carbon dioxide in the ambient air were involved, was also suggested and discussed according to experimental results.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Scopolamine after Subcutaneous Administration (1998)

The effects of subcutaneously administered scopolamine on quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) and cognitive performance were evaluated and correlated with pharmacokinetic parameters in a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study of 10 healthy male volunteers. Changes in qEEG and cognition were determined for 8 hours after drug administration. Scopolamine produced dose- and time-dependent impairments of attention and memory and a time-dependent increase in delta power (1.25-4.50 Hz) and a decrease in fast alpha power (9.75-12.50 Hz) on qEEG compared with placebo. Maximum serum concentrations of scopolamine occurred 10 to 30 minutes after drug administration. Mean peak serum concentrations (free base) were 3.27, 8.99, and 18.81 ng/mL after administration of 0.4, 0.6 mg, and 0.8 mg scopolamine, respectively. Elimination half-life was approximately 220 minutes. The findings indicate temporary changes in qEEG and psychometric tests, and support the possible use of such a testing model for impaired cognitive functions such as age-related memory disturbances.
Genetic Architecture of Intrinsic Antibiotic Susceptibility (2009)

Our results illustrate that a wide-range of mutations can modulate the activity of many cellular resistance processes and demonstrate that E. coli has a large mutational target size for increasing antibiotic tolerance. Furthermore, the work suggests that clinical levels of antibiotic resistance might develop through the sequential accumulation of chromosomal mutations of small individual effect.
New functional polymers for alternative energy applications (2008)

The 2008 UNLV Renewable Energy Symposium was presented by the Office of Strategic Energy Programs and co-sponsored by the Division of Research and Graduate Studies on August 20, 2008 on the UNLV campus.\nThe event focused on renewable energy production in Nevada, the US Southwest, and renewable research projects nationwide. It was a great opportunity for anyone working on renewable projects to collaborate with others in this field and exchange information. Over 230 individuals attended the event this year.
Free-Flight Investigation of Radio Controlled Models with Parawings (1961)

A free-flight investigation of two radio-controlled models with parawings, a glider configuration and an airplane (powered) configuration, was made to evaluate the performance, stability, and methods of controlling parawing vehicles. The flight tests showed that the models were stable and could be controlled either by shifting the center of gravity or by using conventional elevator and rudder control surfaces. Static wind-tunnel force-test data were also obtained.
Moxonidin als Initialtherapie und in Kombination bei der Behandlung der essentiellen Hypertonie: Ergebnisse der Topic-Studie (Trial of Physiotens in Combination) (2000)

Die Wirksamkeit von Moxonidin in der Behandlung der essentiellen Hypertonie wurde in einer Studie in 138 Allgemeinarztpraxen in Großbritannien untersucht. Bei etwas mehr als der Hälfte der Patienten, die die 8-wöchige Open-label-Therapie mit Moxonidin (294 von 566) abschlossen, wurde eine gute Kontrolle des Blutdruckes (definiert als diastolischer Blutdruck im Sitzen 90 mmHg oder die Blutdrucksenkung im Vergleich zum Ausgangswert von mindestens 10 mmHg) mit der einmal täglichen Gabe von 200 oder 400 mcg Moxonidin erreicht. Die übrigen 272 Patienten wurden nach dem Zufallsprinzip der 4-wöchigen Doppelblindtherapie zugeteilt, während der sie zusätzlich zu Moxonidin (400 mcg einmal täglich) Amlodipin 5 mg (n = 87), Enalapril 10 mg (n = 88) oder Hydrochlorothiazid 12,5 mg (n = 97) erhielten. Hierbei zeigte sich, daß bei 46,9 % der mit Moxonidin+Amlodipin, 26,8 % der mit Moxonidin+Enalapril und 21,1 % der mit Moxonidin+Hydrochlorothiazid behandelten Patienten ein zufriedenstellender diastolischer Blutdruck erreicht werden konnte. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie lassen erkennen, daß Moxonidin wirksam ist, wenn es entweder alleine oder in Kombination für die Behandlung der essentiellen Hypertonie bei Patienten in Allgemeinarztpraxen verwendet wird. Weiterführende Untersuchungen der Kombination von Moxonidin mit Amlodipin, die wirksam und auch gut verträglich war, ist wünschenswert.