gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Graphene oxide as a photocatalytic material (2011)

The photocatalytic characteristics of graphene oxide (GO) nanostructures synthesized by modified Hummer’s method were investigated by measuring reduction rate of resazurin (RZ) into resorufin (RF) as a function of UV irradiation time. The progress of the photocatalytic reaction was monitored by change in color from blue (RZ) into pink (RF) followed by absorption spectra. It exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity, leading to the reduction of RZ in UV irradiation. The fitting of absorbance maximum versus time suggests that the reduction of RZ follow the pseudo first-order reaction kinetics. These results indicate that GO have great potential for use as a photocatalyst.
Calcium-dependent development of secondary cytostatic factor (2°CSF) from<i>Xenopus laevis</i>oocytes and zygotes (1996)

Fresh cytosols extracted from unfertilised eggs of Xenopus laevis contain a cytostatic factor (CSF) which arrests the cell cycle at metaphase when microinjected into cleaving blastomeres. This CSF is sensitive to Ca2+ and is designated primary CSF (1 degrees CSF). During storage of Ca2(+)-containing cytosols at 2 degrees C, a stable CSF activity appears which is designated secondary CSF (2 degrees CSF). In the present study, we report that 2 degrees CSF activity can be induced in cytosols extracted from stage VI oocytes, unfertilised eggs, electrically activated eggs or blastulae, in the presence of Ca2+. Both the intensity and the rate of 2 degrees CSF development are dependent on the concentration of Ca2+ ions added to the cytosol. At Ca2+ concentrations of 5-10 mM, 2 degrees CSF activity reaches a maximum in about 7 days. Secondary CSF is relatively resistant to heat but loses all activity after 5 min at 70 degrees C. When stored at-80 degrees C, 2 degrees CSF activity remains detectable for about 6 weeks. Cytological observations show that blastomeres arrested by microinjection of 2 degrees CSF developed in cytosols of unfertilised eggs, activated eggs or blastulae contain metaphase chromosomes embedded in a bipolar spindle that has no asters developed at its poles. In contrast, blastomeres arrested by 2 degrees CSF in cytosols of stage VI oocytes contain condensed chromosomes but no spindle is formed. The mechanisms of the development of 2 degrees CSF in Ca2(+)-containing cytosols and its mode of action are discussed.
专题四：理性、实践理性与非理性——十二、戴维森式理性与不同文化间的伦理分歧 (2004)

长期以来，对西方人而言，中国伦理思想已经成为一种思维方式的范式，从任何一种合理的进步尺度来衡量，它都是一种精致复杂的、高度发展的、先进的范式，但它在许多方面又十分不同于西方伦理思想。根据戴维森式伦理学解释，这种分歧并没有表明
A Novel Cooperative Multi-Cell MIMO Scheme for the Downlink of LTE-Advanced System (2009)

LTE-advanced system which based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) can eliminate intra-cell interference but still can not mitigate inter-cell interference (ICI). In this paper, we propose a novel cooperative multi-cell multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) scheme for LTE-advanced system to reduce ICI and improve the cell capacity. By sharing information such as data and channel state information (CSI) across multiple evolved NodeBs (eNB) and configuring joint preceding at cooperative transmitters, the ICI may be mitigated or even beneficial. Multi-cell block diagonalization (BD) algorithm is used to coordinate the transmissions across multiple eNBs for downlink. To guarantee fairness of the cell-edge users, round robin (RR) scheduling is applied. Simulation results for downlink show that the proposed multi-cell MIMO scheme can significantly improve the average cell throughput and reduce ICI for the cell-edge users.
Computational screening of porous carbons, zeolites, and metal organic frameworks for desulfurization and decarburization of biogas, natural gas, and flue gas (2013)

Eighteen kinds of porous materials from carbons, zeolites, and metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have been extensively investigated for desulfurization and decarburization of the biogas, natural gas, and flue gas by using a molecular modeling approach. By considering not only the selectivity but also capacity, Na‐5A, zeolite‐like MOF (zMOF), and Na‐13X, MIL‐47 are screened as the most promising candidates for removal of sulfide in the CH 4 CO 2 H 2 S and N 2 CO 2 SO 2 systems, respectively. However, for simultaneous removal of sulfide and CO 2 , the best candidates are zMOF for the natural gas and biogas (i.e., CH 4 CO 2 H 2 S system) and MOF‐74‐Zn for the flue gas (i.e., N 2 CO 2 SO 2 system). Moreover, the regeneration ability of the recommended adsorbents is further assessed by studying the effect of temperature on adsorption. It is found that compared to the zMOF and MIL‐47 MOFs, the Na‐5A and Na‐13X zeolites are not easily regenerated due to the difficulty in desorption of sulfide at high temperature, which results from the stronger adsorbent–adsorbate interactions in zeolites. The effect of sulfide concentration on the adsorption properties of the recommended adsorbents is also explored. We observe that the zMOF and MIL‐47 are also superior to the Na‐5A and Na‐13X for desulfurization of gas mixtures containing high sulfide concentration. This is because MOFs with larger pore volume lead to a greater sulfide uptake. The effects of porosity, framework density, pore volume, and accessible surface area on the separation performance are analyzed. The optimum porosity is about 0.5–0.6, to meet the requirements of both high selectivity and uptake. It is expected this work provides a useful guidance for the practical applications of desulfurization and decarburization. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 59: 2928–2942, 2013
Transient microscopy for measuring heat transfer in single cells (2019)

Heat transfer and dissipation exists in almost any physical, chemical or biological systems. Cells, as the basic unit of life, undergo continuous heat transfer and dissipation during their metabolism. The heat transfer and dissipation within cells related to not only fundamental cellular functions and biochemical reactions, but also several important applications including heat-induced control of biological processes and treatment of diseases. Unfortunately, thus far, we still know very little about the heat transfer and dissipation properties at cellular or subcellular level. Here, we demonstrated a methodology of transient microscopy to map the heat transfer coefficients in single cells, with a temporal resolution of ~5 us and a spatial resolution of ~250 nm (close to diffraction limit). The heat transfer coefficients of different location within single cells were obtained for the first time, the inner part of cells exhibited nonuniform heat transfer properties, and it suggested a self-consistent heat transfer regulation that responds to environmental temperature.
Review article: anthranoid laxatives and their potential carcinogenic effects (1999)

Anthranoid laxatives are widely used laxatives of natural origin. Because of their chemical structure they are carried unabsorbed to the large bowel, where metabolism to the active aglycones takes place. These aglycones exert their laxative effect by damaging epithelial cells, which leads directly and indirectly to changes in absorption, secretion and motility. Damaged epithelial cells can be found as apoptotic bodies in the pigmented colonic mucosa, characteristic for pseudomelanosis coli. Pseudomelanosis coli is a condition caused by chronic (ab)use of anthranoid laxatives and has recently been associated with an increased risk of colorectal carcinoma. In vitro and animal studies have shown a potential role of anthranoid laxatives in both the initiation and promotion of tumorigenesis. Studies in humans have also suggested tumour promoting activities for these laxatives. Although the short-term use of these substances is generally safe, long-term use cannot be recommended.
Spurwinkia: Morphology, Systematics, and Ecology of a New Genus of North American Marshland Hydrobiidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) (1982)

-Spurwinkia is described as a new genus of Hydrobiidae (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia: Rissoacea). The type species, S. salsa (Pilsbry), inhabits high marsh pools from Maine to Connecticut and possibly to the DELMARVA Peninsula with salinities of 0-29%o and is frequently sympatric with Hydrobia truncata Vanatta. The definition of the Hydrobiidae was expanded to include this genus. New character-states are: (1) an anterior lobe of the digestive gland; (2) a prostate posterior to the posterior end of the mantle cavity; (3) a spermathecal duct separated from the closed pallial oviduct; (4) an oviduct that opens into the albumen gland; and (5) a connection of the oviduct to the bursa complex by a sperm duct opening into the duct of the seminal receptacle. Spurwinkia is placed in the subfamily Littoridininae because of close morphological resemblance to South American taxa here considered Heleobia but known in the literature as Littoridina. Cladistic relationships are presented but tentative due to lack of data for Heleobia and related taxa. [anatomy, cladistics, ecology, Hydrobia, Hydrobiidae, Hydrobiinae, Littoridininae, North America, Spurwinkia, systematics] The Hydrobiidae comprise a major group of deposit feeding invertebrates of estuaries and salt marshes along the east coast of the United States (Hershler and Davis 1980). There is considerable current interest in hydrobiid snails by ecologists interested in population biology, reproduction, resource use, sympatric interactions, character displacement, behavior, and niche partitioning (Russell-Hunter and Russell-Hunter 1962; Newell 1964, 1965; Fenchel 1975; Anderson 1971; Hylleberg 1975; Fenchel, Kofoed, and Lappolainen 1975; Fenchel and Kofoed 1976; Levinton and Lopez 1977; Lopez and Levinton 1978; Wells 1978; Barnes and Greenwood 1978; Lassen 1979; Levinton 1979; Barnes 1981a, b). Ecological studies depend upon reliable species identifications and reliable systematic analyses. A reliable systematic foundation for North American hydrobioid saltmarsh snails has yet to be established. Only Hydrobia truncata Vanatta has had the indepth morphological analysis (Hershler and Davis 1980) necessary for systematic comparisons with other regional North American hydrobioid taxa. Only a partial analysis has been provided for H. totteni Morrison (Davis 1966). There are, as far as is known, three spe-
Properties of the prosthetic groups of rabbit liver aldehyde oxidase: a comparison of molybdenum hydroxylase enzymes (1982)

Rabbit liver aldehyde oxidase (AO), like milk xanthine oxidase (XO) and chicken liver xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), possesses the following prosthetic groups: FAD, a functional Mo center, and two spectroscopically distinct iron-sulfur centers, one with gav less than 2.0 (termed Fe/S I) and the other with gav greater than 2.0 (termed Fe/S II) in the reduced enzyme. EPR spectra for the Mov species were found to be nearly identical in AO and XO for a number of enzyme complexes, and the midpoint reduction potentials for functional MoVI/MoV (-359 mV) and MoV/MoVI (-351 mV) were nearly the same in all three enzymes (50 mM phosphate, pH 7.8). A strong magnetic interaction between MoV and reduced Fe/S I, previously detected in XO and XDH, was also found in AO. No MoV-Fe/S II interaction could be detected in AO (nor in XO). In contrast, the order of reduction of Fe/S I and Fe/S II, as measured from their midpoint potentials, is reversed in AO (Em = -207 and -310 mV, respectively) as compared to XO (Em = -280 and -245 mV, respectively) in phosphate buffer at pH 7.8. The oxidized-reduced extinction coefficients at 450 and 550 nm for the two centers are also apparently reversed in AO and XO. Although magnetic interaction between FAD and one or both reduced Fe/S centers has been detected in both AO and XO, no magnetic interaction between the two reduced Fe/S centers themselves was found in AO (although such interaction has been seen in XO). The average FAD reduction potential is substantially more positive in AO (Em for FAD/FADH., -258 mV; FADH./FADH2, -212 mV at pH 7.8) than in XO or XDH. It can be concluded that although the properties and immediate environment of the functional Mo center are conserved in the three Mo hydroxylase enzymes, and all three enzymes possess the same set of prosthetic groups, the properties of the groups which transfer electrons from the Mo to the ultimate electron acceptor can vary substantially in AO, XO, and XDH.
Submerged antenna performance (2005)

This paper gives the results of a theoretical and experimental study of the characteristics of antennas in lossy environments, such as wires buried in the earth or sea. A criterion for the evaluation of such antennas (for surface waves or any other single mode of propagation), called relative communication efficiency, is defined and a mathematical formula for its calculation is derived. A number of specific evaluations are presented, with emphasis on horizontal wire antennas. The results of experiments to determine the input impedance and current distribution on wires of different sizes and different insulation thicknesses are summarized and compared to a simple theory. The results of measurements of the field strength of horizontal wires and arrays are presented and compared to the theoretical results. The signal to noise ratios observed with submerged receiving antenna structures are discussed.
Maintaining Government Accountability: Calls for a "Public Use" Beyond Eminent Domain (2008)

No man's life, liberty, or property are safe while the legislature is in session."'
Crossbar arbitration in interconnection networks for multiprocessors and multicomputers (1994)

Small crossbars are key components of communication switches used in interconnection networks for multiprocessors and multicomputers. The traffic through the switches is often delayed due to conflicting demands for resources, such as buffer space or output ports. Hence, switches must include arbiters that resolve conflicting resource demands. Efficient design and implementation of these arbiters is critical for maximizing network performance.
In order to maximize performance, recent communication switch designs allow packets at an input port, destined to different output ports, to be transmitted through the switch in any order. In this dissertation several symmetric crossbar arbiters which can be used in this type of switches are proposed. These arbiter designs are compared based on simulations of a multistage interconnection network, VLSI implementation, and circuit simulation. Two efficient arbiter implementations are described.
For a fixed number of nodes, larger crossbars result in reduced probability of conflicts and allows packets to traverse the network in fewer hops. However, the increased arbitration delay can lead to overall poor network performance. A technique is proposed for the arbiter design in asynchronous networks, which can mitigate the impact of the increased arbitration delay by decomposing the arbitration process into multiple steps.
While our symmetric crossbar arbiters lead to excellent performance in terms of throughput and average latency, they do not guarantee fairness. Hence, it is possible for an unlucky packet to be left in a switch buffer for a long time, potentially forever, while other packets are forwarded quickly through the switch. We introduce and evaluate a technique for preventing such starvation situations.
Finally, we describe how our proposed arbiters can be used to support adaptive routing and high-priority traffic in interconnection networks. Efficient arbiter designs for these two applications are described.
Epigenetic regulation of chromatin structure and gene function by biotin: are biotin requirements being met? (2008)

Histones H2A, H3, and H4 are modified by covalent binding of the vitamin biotin to distinct lysine residues. Binding of biotin to histones is mediated by holocarboxylase synthetase (HCS) and perhaps biotinidase. Biotinylation of lysine- 12 in histone H4 (K12BioH4) plays roles in gene repression, stability of repeat regions and transposable elements, and regulation of biotin transporter expression in eukaryotes. Decreased biotinylation of histones in biotin-deficient and HCS-deficient human cells and Drosophila melanogaster impairs stress resistance, life span, and biotin homeostasis.
Learning and Reviewing a Language From Historical Sources (1995)

There are no fluent speakers of the Kaurna language remaining. In fact, the few Kaurna words known were, until recently, identified without exception by their speakers as Narrunga from nearby Yorke Peninsula. The number of such known words is not large, but includes tidna 'foot: kalta 'sleepy lizard', angki 'woman'. Fortunately, reasonably good quality written documentation of the Kaurna language remains.
Wagon-Wheel Illusion under Steady Illumination: Real or Illusory? (2003)

Wheels turning in the movies sometimes appear to rotate backwards. This is called the wagon-wheel illusion (WWI). The mechanism of this illusion is based on the intermittent nature of light in films and other stroboscopic presentations, which renders them as a series of snapshots rather than a continuous visual data stream. However, there have been claims that this illusion is seen even in continuous light, which would suggest that the visual system itself may sample a continuous visual data stream. We examined the rate of this putative sampling and its variations across individuals while in different psychological states. We obtained two results: (i) WWI occurred in stroboscopic lights as expected, (ii) WWI was never reported by our subjects under continuous lights, such as sunlight and lamps with DC power source. Thus, WWI cannot be taken as evidence for discreteness of conscious visual perception.
Conclusion (2009)

This book avoids the categories that beset a certain type of historical theology written since Theodore de Régnon at the end of the 19th century, doing so in order to reveal the mistakes in the historiography of doctrine that Newman introduced and that some Anglophone scholars inherited. The conclusion suggests what influence these mistakes had on the writings of subsequent Oxford scholars on Athanasius's view of the Trinity and on the importance of Origen.
Signal Detection via Phase-Locked Sampling in a Magnetic Search Coil Eye Movement Monitor (1979)

Two inexpensive techniques are introduced for use in Robinson's (1) magnetic search coil method of measuring eye rotations. Included is a method of detection which yields a dc voltage level proportional to eye position via phase-locked sampling.
FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS AND BETA AND SIZE EFFECT (2003)

This study examines the ability of fundamental summary measure Pr to predict earnings change for the subsequent year, the association of Pr and stock returns, and the relationship between Pr and risk factors beta and size. Pr is a probability index generated by logistic model and financial statement data. Beta effect is minimized by grouping firms into beta portfolios while size is controlled through incorporating size as an independent variable in the regression models. Evidence from the study indicates that Pr has a strong ability to predict future earnings change and has a positive and significant association with adjusted market returns, after controlling for beta. Pr's association with adjusted market returns is mitigated when beta and size are controlled simultaneously.
Experiences of hearing aid use among patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease dementia: A qualitative study (2020)

Participants perceived a significant impact of cognitive impairment on the experience of using hearing aids. This population may benefit from targeted strategies to support use of hearing aids. The findings from this study can inform future research to optimise use of hearing aids in this population.
Thick-film hybrid technology for low output voltage DC/DC converter (2003)

The new requirements in portable and telecommunication equipment also affects the supply systems. The current tendency to reduce the output voltage (3.3, 2.7 V DC) together with the necessity of an important size reduction is modifying the strategies for DC/DC converter implementation. Low-voltage, high-power-density applications present two important factors that must be analysed: thermal problems due to high power density, and the high currents to be handled. This paper presents a 10-W DC/DC buck converter with passive integration using hybrid technology. As a result of the mentioned integration technique, a power density of 6.25 W/cm/sup 3/ was obtained with high efficiency (90% approx.).
Threat and Fraud Intelligence, Las Vegas Style (2006)

This article presents the general problem domain of matching and relating identities, examines traditional approaches to the problem, and introduces identity resolution and relationship awareness. This combination offers improved accuracy, scalability, and sustainability over traditional methods
Degradation of regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) is mediated by both chaperone‐mediated autophagy and ubiquitin proteasome pathways (2009)

Regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1), a gene identified from the critical region of Down syndrome, has been implied in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). RCAN1 expression was shown to be increased in AD brains; however, the mechanism of RCAN1 gene regulation is not well defined. The present study was designed to investigate the molecular mechanism of RCAN1 protein degradation. In addition to being degraded through the ubiquitin proteasome pathway, we found that lysosomal inhibition markedly increased RCAN1 protein expression in a time- and dosage-dependent manner. Inhibition of macroautophagy reduced RCAN1 expression, indicating that RCAN1 degradation is not through a macroautophagy pathway. However, disruption of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) increased RCAN1 expression. Two CMA recognition motifs were identified in RCAN1 protein to mediate its degradation through a CMA-lysosome pathway. A promoter assay further demonstrated that inhibition of RCAN1 degradation in cells reduced calcineurin-NFAT activity. Dysfunctions of ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome pathways have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, elucidation of RCAN1 degradation by a ubiquitin proteasome pathway and CMA-lysosome pathway in the present study may greatly advance our understanding of AD pathogenesis.
OMOS-an object server for program execution (2003)

The benefits of object-oriented programming are well known, but popular operating systems provide very few object-oriented features to users, and few are implemented using object-oriented techniques themselves. The authors discuss a mechanism for applying object-oriented programming concepts to program binding (linking) and execution. They describe OMOS, an object/meta-object server that embodies a flexible object framework. The OMOS framework projects an object-oriented structure onto programs and shared libraries that may not have been originally developed for use within an object-oriented environment. This framework provides natural facilities for inheritance, interposition, and overloading of operations, as well as development of classes with dynamically evolving behavior.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>