gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accessing the Inaccessible: Molecular Tools for Bifidobacteria (2012)

Bifidobacteria are an important group of the human intestinal microbiota that have been shown to exert a number of beneficial probiotic effects on the health status of their host. Due to these effects, bifidobacteria have attracted strong interest in health care and food industries for probiotic applications and several species are listed as so-called "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) microorganisms. Moreover, recent studies have pointed out their potential as an alternative or supplementary strategy in tumor therapy or as live vaccines. In order to study the mechanisms by which these organisms exert their beneficial effects and to generate recombinant strains that can be used as drug delivery vectors or live vaccines, appropriate molecular tools are indispensable. This review provides an overview of the currently available methods and tools to generate recombinant strains of bifidobacteria. The currently used protocols for transformation of bifidobacteria, as well as replicons, selection markers, and determinants of expression, will be summarized. We will further discuss promoters, terminators, and localization signals that have been used for successful generation of expression vectors.
Generic DFT approach for pattern sensitive faults in word-oriented memories (1996)

The testability problem of word-oriented memories (WOMs) for pattern sensitive faults is addressed. A novel design for testability (DFT) strategy allows efficient built-in self-testing (BIST) of WOMs. By proper selection of the memory array tiling scheme, it is possible to implement O(√n) BIST algorithms which test WOMs for various types of neighbourhood pattern sensitive faults (NPSFs). The inputs of the column decoders are modified to allow parallel writing into multiple words, and coincidence comparators are added to allow parallel verification of row data with minimal effect on chip area and performance.
Tuning Surface Properties of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Film Using Poly(perfluoromethyl methacrylate)s with Short Perfluorinated Side Chains (2016)

To control the surface properties of a commonly used polymer, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(perfluoromethyl methacrylate)s (PFMMAs) with short perfluorinated side groups (i.e., -CF3, -CF2CF3, -(CF3)2, -CF2CF2CF3) were used as blend components because of their good solubility in organic solvents, low surface energies, and high optical transmittance. The surface energies of the blend films of PFMMA with the -CF3 group and PMMA increased continuously with increasing PMMA contents from 17.6 to 26.0 mN/m, whereas those of the other polymer blend films remained at very low levels (10.2-12.6 mN/m), similar to those of pure PFMMAs, even when the blends contained 90 wt %PMMA. Surface morphology and composition measurements revealed that this result originated from the different blend structures, such as lateral and vertical phase separations. We expect that these PFMMAs will be useful in widening the applicable window of PMMA.
The Extraction of Indium from Complex Lead‐Tin Alloys (1944)

A procedure is described by which indium may readily be extracted from molten complex lead‐tin alloys by treatment at moderate temperatures under a fused mixture of lead and zinc chlorides. A qualitative survey is presented of other methods, including electrolysis, by which similar results may be accomplished.
Symposium: The Consequences of Actions (1956)

Symposium: The Consequences of Actions Get access A. N. Prior, A. N. Prior Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. D. Raphael D. D. Raphael Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume, Volume 30, Issue 1, 8 July 1956, Pages 91–119, https://doi.org/10.1093/aristoteliansupp/30.1.91 Published: 30 July 2015
Towards privacy in personal data management (2009)

Purpose In order to enhance privacy protection during electronic transactions, the purpose of this paper is to propose, develop, and evaluate a personal data management framework called Polis that abides by the following principle: every individual has absolute control over his/her personal data that reside only at his/her own side. Design/methodology/approach This paper identifies representative electronic transactions that involve personal data and proposes Polis‐based protocols for them. The approach is evaluated on a Polis prototype both as a stand‐alone application and as part of a commercial database management system. Findings The results of this paper indicate that electronic transactions can remain both feasible and straightforward, while personal data remain only at the owner's side. Research limitations/implications This paper describes a Polis‐approach implementing prototype, which is easy to deploy and friendly to current information management technologies. However, the usability of the prototype has to be enhanced with supporting tools for editing personal data and policies and a more intuitive user interface. Finally, the Polis‐platform enables a new class of user‐centered distributed applications, which it intends to investigate. Practical implications Even though the conditions for a personal data management approach like Polis are mature, and Polis can be progressively adopted, it still entails a major change in current business practices. Originality/value This paper proposes a new paradigm for the management of personal data, which admits individuals to have their personal data stored only at their own side. The new approach can be of mutual benefit to both individuals and companies.
Efficiency of Embedded On-Chip EMI Protections to Continuous Harmonic and Fast Transient Pulses with Respect to Substrate Injection (2007)

This paper presents a comparative study of the efficiency of several embedded EMI protections for integrated circuits (ICs) with respect to direct power injection (DPI) and very fast transmission-line pulsing (VF-TLP) into the substrate of the IC. This study involves three functionally identical cores, differing only by their EMI protection strategies (RC protection, isolated substrate, meshed power supply network) which were initially designed for low-emission design guidelines. Through extensive measurements, a classification between these strategies is established for both injection methods, leading to the introduction of design guidelines for the minimization of conducted susceptibility to substrate injection.
Phase retrieval from the power spectrum of a periodic object (1992)

The phase-retrieval problem in crystallography is analyzed for the purpose of studying the application of phase-retrieval algorithms to crystallographic data of power spectra to obtain directly the electronic density distribution in the crystal. The theoretical importance of considering that the periodic object is formed by a finite or by an infinite number of unit cells is shown. A phase-retrieval method that is frequently used in optics, the iterative Fourier transform (IFT) algorithm, has been adapted for this application. To test this method I have performed computer simulations of power spectra that correspond to infinite periodic objects and have obtained satisfactory reconstructions in some interesting cases. From these results I have established some approximate conclusions about the probability of having a unique solution or multiple solutions. The importance of the existence of noncrystallographic symmetry in the unit cell for the resolution of this phase-retrieval problem has been proved, as has the ability of the IFT to incorporate and use this additional information successfully.
Design of a Soft Robotic Elbow Sleeve with Passive and Intent-Controlled Actuation (2017)

The provision of continuous passive, and intent-based assisted movements for neuromuscular training can be incorporated into a robotic elbow sleeve. The objective of this study is to propose the design and test the functionality of a soft robotic elbow sleeve in assisting flexion and extension of the elbow, both passively and using intent-based motion reinforcement. First, the elbow sleeve was developed, using elastomeric and fabric-based pneumatic actuators, which are soft and lightweight, in order to address issues of non-portability and poor alignment with joints that conventional robotic rehabilitation devices are faced with. Second, the control system was developed to allow for: (i) continuous passive actuation, in which the actuators will be activated in cycles, alternating between flexion and extension; and (ii) an intent-based actuation, in which user intent is detected by surface electromyography (sEMG) sensors attached to the biceps and triceps, and passed through a logic sequence to allow for flexion or extension of the elbow. Using this setup, the elbow sleeve was tested on six healthy subjects to assess the functionality of the device, in terms of the range of motion afforded by the device while in the continuous passive actuation. The results showed that the elbow sleeve is capable of achieving approximately 50% of the full range of motion of the elbow joint among all subjects. Next, further experiments were conducted to test the efficacy of the intent-based actuation on these healthy subjects. The results showed that all subjects were capable of achieving electromyography (EMG) control of the elbow sleeve. These preliminary results show that the elbow sleeve is capable of carrying out continuous passive and intent-based assisted movements. Further investigation of the clinical implementation of the elbow sleeve for the neuromuscular training of neurologically-impaired persons, such as stroke survivors, is needed.
Performance of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry for Identification of Bacterial Strains Routinely Isolated in a Clinical Microbiology Laboratory (2010)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has recently been introduced in diagnostic microbiology laboratories for the identification of bacterial and yeast strains isolated from clinical samples. In the present study, we prospectively compared MALDI-TOF MS to the conventional phenotypic method for the identification of routine isolates. Colonies were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS either by direct deposition on the target plate or after a formic acid-acetonitrile extraction step if no valid result was initially obtained. Among 1,371 isolates identified by conventional methods, 1,278 (93.2%) were putatively identified to the species level by MALDI-TOF MS and 73 (5.3%) were identified to the genus level, but no reliable identification was obtained for 20 (1.5%). Among the 1,278 isolates identified to the species level by MALDI-TOF MS, 63 (4.9%) discordant results were initially identified. Most discordant results (42/63) were due to systematic database-related taxonomical differences, 14 were explained by poor discrimination of the MALDI-TOF MS spectra obtained, and 7 were due to errors in the initial conventional identification. An extraction step was required to obtain a valid MALDI-TOF MS identification for 25.6% of the 1,278 valid isolates. In conclusion, our results show that MALDI-TOF MS is a fast and reliable technique which has the potential to replace conventional phenotypic identification for most bacterial strains routinely isolated in clinical microbiology laboratories.
An optical configuration for vertical alignment liquid crystal cell with wide viewing angle (2008)

Abstract We propose an optical configuration of a vertical alignment (VA) liquid crystal (LC) cell to eliminate the light leakage in the diagonal direction. VA LC cell has an excellent contrast ratio in the normal direction due to the no phase‐retardation. However, change of the phase‐retardation occurs in all directions, which causes the light leakage and deteriorates the characteristics of the dark state. We designed the LC cell structure composed of multiple combinations with two A‐plates and two C‐plates in order to achieve wide viewing property on the Poincaré sphere. From calculations, we show that the proposed structure can improve the viewing angle characteristics by compensating for the light leakage in all directions.
연구논문 : 보길도 세연정(洗然庭)의 공간구조 형식에 내재한 전통색채 분석 (2014)

본 연구는 세연정의 공간구조 및 형식과 공감각적, 상징적?인지적 요소에 내재하는 전통색채를 분석함으로써 첫째, 세연정 작정에 내재한 전통 색채를 찾아내고 동시에 그 의미를 해석함으로써 세연정 작정의 또 다른 해석 방법을 제시하고 둘째, 기존에 제시된 별서정원의 전통색채 분석 방법론의 신뢰성과 타당성을 검증함을 부목적으로 하였다. 연구방법으로는 전통색채 및 세연정의 작정 배경과 이론, 전통색채 분석 방법 등에 대해서는 문헌연구를 통해 수행하였으며, 전통색채 분석방법을 세연정 별서에 실증적으로 적용하여 연구 결과를 도출하는 방법을 사용하였다. 특히, 전통색채 분석 방법으로는 세연정에서 나타나는 공간적 요소를 크게 시각적, 공감각적, 상징적 인식적 공간 요소로 구분하여 시각적 공간으로 공간 및 경물의 위치와 방위, 공감각적 공간으로 계절과 시간 및 오관, 상징적 인식적 공간으로 칠정과 사단 등으로 구분하고 각각의 공간요소에 대한 오정색 체계 분석하여 그 의미를 해석하도록 하였다. 연구 결과를 정리 하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 세연정에서 나타난 공간구조 및 형식은 세연정(洗然亭)을 중심으로 하여 세연정의 사각형 누각의 평면 형태에 따라 동남, 서북의 두 개의 방위 축으로 구분될 수 있었다. 둘째, 세연정에 나타나는 전통색채는 ``백색``, ``청색``, ``흑색``, ``적색``, ``황색 ``순으로 나타났다. 셋째. 전통색채 분석에서 청렴과 순결을 상징하는 ``백색``이 가장 많이 출현하는 것은 작정자인 윤선도가 맑고 깨끗하게 정치적 미련 없이 세속에 묻혀 살아가는 것을 즐기고자 작정하였다는 해석의 여지를 남겼다. 또한 자연의 생명력을 상징하는 청색의 출현이 우세를 보이는 가운데 지혜를 상징하는 ``흑색``, 신성하고 숭고한 생명력을 상징하는 ``적색``이 유사한 비율로 출현하고 높고 고귀한 지위를 상징하는 ``황색``이 제일 낮은 빈도로 출현하는 것은 윤선도가 세연정을 통해 벼슬 등 지위보다는 자연을 즐기며, 그를 통해 지혜를 쌓고, 춤과 시 짓기 등 놀이를 통해 윤선도 스스로 신성하고 고귀한 존재로 여생의 삶을 영위하고자 하는 의도로 작정되었다는 것과 일치되거나 적어도 연관되어 해석될 여지를 보였다. 넷째, 이상의 연구 결과는 본 연구에 선행된 소쇄원의 전통색채 분석과 의미 해석과 비교?고찰해 보았을 때 소쇄원에 처음으로 적용된 전통색채 분석 방법론에 대한 신뢰성과 타당성을 검증할 수 있었다.
Reversion From Type 2 Diabetes to Nondiabetic Status: Influence of the 1997 American Diabetes Association criteria (1998)

There was no significant difference in the incidence or the reversion rates for diabetic subjects using either 1980 WHO or 1997 ADA criteria. In addition, the risk factors for reversion were very similar using either set of criteria. The revision of the ADA criteria did not have a significant influence on reversion in this study.
Hybrid Ceramic Bearing Development for Gas Turbine Engines (1994)

Over the past seven years, an extensive hybrid bearing development program has been conducted at Textron Lycoming. This paper will report the details of testing and the extraordinary results which can be obtained with silicon nitride balls as applied in hybrid bearings on gas turbine engines. This paper describes the analytically predicted advantages which low mass silicon nitride balls offer at speeds over 2.0MDN. Rig testing comparing hybrid bearings to standard bearings is reported. Testing included heat generation evaluation which showed that hybrid bearings generate an average of 40% less heat than standard bearings. Rig simulation of the AGT1500 mission duty cycle demonstrated that the hybrid silicon nitride bearing system is robust enough to handle the most severe operating conditions. Testing under severe slipping/skidding conditions demonstrated good resistance to skid failure. Under conditions selected to produce high wear, no wear was induced in a hybrid bearing while severe wear was induced in the M50 steel bearing. These preliminary successes lead to active engine testing on the AGT1500 and a new test program to demonstrate operation at 4.0 MDN. As a result of these programs Textron Lycoming now considers hybrid ceramic bearings as a viable design to be used in high speed development applications. This paper provides design detail and test data covering the work outlined above.
Evolution of stars (2003)

This paper gives a brief account of the stars' birth,evolution and death,and shows their existent process.It also gives a general picture of their origin in the interplanetary dust of gas,their stable evolution in the stage of main-sequence and their end with White Dwarf,Neution Star and Black Hole.
A Bi-Virus Competing Spreading Model with Generic Infection Rates (2017)

Due to widespread applications, the multi-virus competing spreading dynamics has recently aroused considerable interests. To our knowledge, all previous competing spreading models assume infection rates that are each linear in the virus occupancy probabilities of the individuals in a population. As linear infection rates are overestimation of real infection rates, in some situations these models cannot accurately predict the spreading process of multiple competing viruses. This work takes the first step toward enhancing the accuracy of multi-virus competing spreading models. A continuous-time bilayer-network-based bi-virus competing spreading model with generic infection rates is proposed. Criteria for the extinction of both viruses and for the survival of only one virus are presented, respectively. Numerical examples show that (1) if the generic bi-virus spreading model with linear infection rates predicts that the fraction of nodes infected with some virus would approach zero, the prediction of the fraction is accurate, and (2) if the scenario-relevant generic infection rates could be estimated accurately, the resulting model would be able to accurately forecast the evolutionary process of a pair of competing viruses.
Smith-Purcell radiation from metallic and dielectric photonic crystals (2002)

Smith-Purcell (SP) radiation from a charge running near a periodically grooved solid-state surface has a long history of investigation. It is a kind of Cerenkov radiation, in which an evanescent photon emitted by the running charge turns to an observable one by the umklapp scattering by the periodic array of grooves; an evanescent photon originally present in the phase space outside the light line gets into the light cone when an umklapp shift of its momentum component takes place. This paper treats a theoretical study of the SP spectrum from a photonic crystal, which is used in place of a grating as a source of the umklapp light scattering. We use as a model photonic crystal a periodic array of dielectric and metallic spheres. We are interested in (a) the difference of the SP spectrum between dielectric and metallic photonic crystals, (b) the effect of the umklapp scattering in the direction normal to the trajectory of charge and (c) the dependence of the spectrum with the charge velocity.
A 500-to-1000 MHz Magnetically Tunable Bandpass Filter Using Two YIG-Disk Resonators (1967)

A magnetically tunable UHF bandpass filter designed in strip transmission line and with two disk-shaped resonators of yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) is described. Single crystals of both pure YIG and gallium-substituted YIG were used. The properties of the disk resonators were first investigated by testing them in a bandstop filter configuration. Linewidths were measured as a function of both frequency and temperature over the band 500 to 1000 MHz and sometimes beyond. The effect of metal boundaries near the ferrimagnetic resonator on its linewidth and resonant magnetic field was determined. Magnetostatic modes were examined. Methods for adjusting the resonant frequency of a disk are discussed. A description is given of the filter coupling structure, which includes two 50-to-5-ohm transformers in strip line. The experimental tuning procedure is outlined. Tests of the filter with gallium-YIG disks revealed a midband insertion loss of less than 3.3 dB from 500 to 1200 MHz and less than 2 dB from 600 to 1100 MHz; the filter with pure YIG disks had a midband insertion loss of less than 3.2 dB from 450 to 1100 MHz and had fewer spurious responses than the gallium-YIG falter. Response curves, limiting characteristics, and other experimental results are also presented.
Using behavior modeling for supervisory development in health care settings. (1983)

Behavior modeling is one training method found effective in helping health care managers deal with their day-to-day management problems. This article defines and explains the five basic steps of behavior modeling training, suggests the workshop format as its most effective mode of instruction, and presents examples of successful use of the method.
Aero-Hydrodynamics of Sailing (1987)

Incorporating many years of research, this book contains the author's theories on the design and handling of sailing craft and is a follow-up to his Sailing Theory and Practice. Clear explanations and calculations help to quantify the many factors which determine a sailboat's performance. This edition incorporates new research on hull and sail behaviour, the performance and efficiency of aerofoils and hydrofoils, the principles underlying high speed sailing and recent developments in keel shapes, with particular reference to 12 metre yacht designs. The author Professor Tony Marchaj, is a former Polish Finn champion and is now an independent aerodynamic and research scientist.
Microdrop Generation (2002)

The applications and use of inkjet-like microfluidic drop ejectors have grown rapidly in many fields, including biotechnology, drug discovery, combinatorial chemistry, and microfabrication. Yet to date, end users and even designers of microdrop systems for scientific applications have had no books to reference on the subject. Microdrop Generation meets the needs of all those who need to understand the physics and engineering behind microdrop technology. It also contains detailed, how-to information on the practical construction, operation, troubleshooting, and fluid formulation for microdrop ejection systems. Written by a highly experienced practitioner of the art, the book is organized as a self-contained tutorial of microdrop technology ideal for those new to the field.
Residual vein thrombosis to establish duration of anticoagulation after a first episode of deep vein thrombosis: the Duration of Anticoagulation based on Compression UltraSonography (DACUS) study (2008)

Residual vein thrombosis (RVT) indicates a prothrombotic state and is useful for evaluating the optimal duration of oral anticoagulant treatment (OAT). Patients with a first episode of deep vein thrombosis, treated with OAT for 3 months, were managed according to RVT findings. Those with RVT were randomized to either stop or continue anticoagulants for 9 additional months, whereas in those without RVT, OAT was stopped. Outcomes were recurrent venous thromboembolism and/or major bleeding. Residual thrombosis was detected in 180 (69.8%) of 258 patients; recurrent events occurred in 27.2% of those who discontinued (25/92; 15.2% person-years) and 19.3% of those who continued OAT (17/88; 10.1% person-years). The relative adjusted hazard ratio (HR) was 1.58 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85-2.93; P = .145). Of the 78 (30.2%) patients without RVT, only 1 (1.3%; 0.63% person-years) had a recurrence. The adjusted HR of patients with RVT versus those without was 24.9 (95% CI, 3.4-183.6; P = .002). One major bleeding event (1.1%; 0.53% person-years) occurred in patients who stopped and 2 occurred (2.3%; 1.1% person-years) in those who continued OAT. Absence of RVT identifies a group of patients at very low risk for recurrent thrombosis who can safely stop OAT. This trial was registered at http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov as no. NCT00438230.
Whey proteins and their antimicrobial properties in donkey milk: a brief review (2015)

Milk is a source of bioactive compounds essential for health and growth of newborns. Donkey milk, rich in lactose and whey proteins, has been proven to be a good breast milk substitute during infancy and adequate nourishment for patients with cow milk protein allergy. Beside, this milk is gaining a growing interest for human nutrition because of some other alleged health benefit. It shows antibacterial activity toward a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, stimulates immune system in convalescence, regulates gastrointestinal flora, and prevents inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. As regards its antimicrobial properties, although all the milk components might contribute to this activity, the whey protein fraction of donkey milk is generally believed to play the main role. The aim of this review is to highlight the antimicrobial properties of donkey milk with a special focus on the whey protein fraction. The effects of preservation and processing treatments on whey protein content and antimicrobial activity are also discussed.