gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Der Markt für Designleistungen in den EG-Ländern (1992)

Mit der Vollendung des EG-Binnenmarktes sind auch der freie Dienstleistungsverkehr und die Niederlassungsfreiheit verbunden. Das ifo Institut hat die Märkte für Designerleistungen in den Benelux-Staaten, Großbritannien, Italien und Spanien untersucht, um den überwiegend kleinbetrieblich organisierten Designstudios in Deutschland die Beurteilung ihrer Chancen im europäischen Binnenmarkt zu erleichtern. Neben den unterschiedlich strukturierten Märkten (in Großbritannien und teilweise auch in Italien dominieren große Designerstudios, während in den anderen Ländern auch eher kleine Betriebe überwiegen) sind dabei die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen, die gesamtwirtschaftlichen Perspektiven sowie die spezifischen Tendenzen auf den Designmärkten zu berücksichtigen. Insgesamt eröffnen sich den deutschen Designern gute Perspektiven.
Plastid Proteostasis and Heterologous Protein Accumulation in Transplastomic Plants (2012)

In spite of a huge number of reports on successful foreign protein production in plastid, in many cases the expression level of other recombinant proteins in the transplastomic plants appears to be very low or even undetectable. We believe that this is mainly due to our limited knowledge of the mechanisms in plastids influencing the maintenance of protein homeostasis, or proteostasis. Plastids retain a whole series of mechanisms for the preservation of their protein balance, including specific proteases, transcriptional and translational control, as well as molecular chaperones and enzymes useful in protein folding. Therefore, it is important to develop basic studies in factors regulating protein synthesis, stability, folding, targeting, and accumulation in plastids, including the protein quality control which contributes to the functional integrity of proteins. Our intention here is not to provide a comprehensive review of the mechanisms that regulate plastid proteostasis, but to discuss some recent insights into this field which might bring beneficial applications in plastid biotechnology for transgene expression and foreign protein accumulation.
Anti-Unruh phenomena (2016)

We find that a uniformly accelerated particle detector coupled to the vacuum can cool down as its acceleration increases, due to relativistic effects. We show that in (1+1)-dimensions, a detector coupled to the scalar field vacuum for finite timescales (but long enough to satisfy the KMS condition) has a KMS temperature that decreases with acceleration, in certain regimes. This contrasts with the heating that one would expect from the Unruh effect.
The effects of carcinogenic chemicals in newborn mice (1961)

A follow the injection of cell-free filtrates or extracts of tumor tissue into newborn Similar results have been reported using rats and hamsters. ', 8,119 32 Identical procedures used in adult animals have not been found to give rise to a comparable response.l, 3 ,
Ternary Scan Design for VLSI Testability (1986)

In this correspondence, a new scheme is proposed in which ternary clocking signals are used to replace binary clocking signals in VLSI scan-testing designs. This scheme has the same advantage of high testability as the binary scan method [1], but it eliminates the mode- selecting signal line. Since this mode-selecting line must be routed to each flip-flop in the binary scan scheme, the saving is significant in reducing the circuit interconnection complexity and chip area. This correspondence describes the new ternary scheme in detail, and also suggests appropriate circuit designs using CMOS technology. Furthermore, comparisons are made between ternary scan and binary scan [3] and between ternary scan and a scan scheme using binary with a local decoder [2].
Native mode functional self-test generation for Systems-on-Chip (2003)

With the rapid increase in the functionality of a single chip, the generation of high quality manufacturing tests which can be applied at-speed has become a serious issue. The problem is further compounded with an increasing level of integration in the case of Systems-On-Chip (SOCs), for which existing test generation tools are inadequate. Many of the peripherals in a SOC design may not include testability features, which renders conventional design for testability (DFT) approaches ineffective. Functional tests applied at-speed in the native mode of a microprocessor have been shown to be effective in detecting realistic defects. A novel approach to adopt this strategy to generate test patterns for SOCs is presented in this paper. This approach utilizes the core processor's instruction set to test its own functionality and that of the peripheral components. A SOC based on a model of the Intel 8085 processor is used to show the effectiveness of this approach.
Insulin therapy protects the central and peripheral nervous system of intensive care patients (2005)

Preventing even moderate hyperglycemia with insulin during intensive care protected the central and peripheral nervous systems, with clinical consequences such as shortening of intensive care dependency and possibly better long-term rehabilitation.
Decentralized coordination of autonomous AGVs in flexible manufacturing systems (2008)

We present a decentralized approach used to coordinate several flexible automated guided vehicles (AGVs) operating in flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs). The decentralized coordination is based on a control policy for planning the collision-free motion, which takes into account kinematics and safety constrains. Besides this, in order to avoid deadlocks in critical zones, such as doors and corridors, a set of hazardous zones is defined, where mutual exclusion should be ensured. In order to consider the performance of the whole system, transportation tasks are allocated to the more appropriate member of the multi-robot team by a centralized auction. The interaction of AGVs operating under different collision conditions has been tested and evaluated in a real industrial setting. The primary contribution of this paper is to show empirically that the presented decentralized approach is viable, effective and safety for coordinating physical multi-robot systems in industrial environments.
Switchable bicolor (5.5–9.0 μm) infrared detector using asymmetric GaAs/AlGaAs multiquantum well (1992)

Electrical switching of a bispectral infrared photoconductor is demonstrated with GaAs/AlGaAs asymmetric step multiquantum wells, presenting bound-to-bound (tunable 8.5–9.0 μm) and bound-to-extended (≊5.5 μm) intersubband transitions of similar oscillator strengths. The bound-to-bound photoresponse is switched on by applying an electric field of sufficient magnitude to permit the collection of the photoexcited bound electrons by tunneling.
Glucose, insulin, and leptin signaling pathways modulate nitric oxide synthesis in glucose-inhibited neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus (2006)

Glucose-sensing neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) are involved in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Glucose-sensing neurons alter their action potential frequency in response to physiological changes in extracellular glucose, insulin, and leptin. Glucose-excited neurons decrease, whereas glucose-inhibited (GI) neurons increase, their action potential frequency when extracellular glucose is reduced. Central nitric oxide (NO) synthesis is regulated by changes in local fuel availability, as well as insulin and leptin. NO is involved in the regulation of food intake and is altered in obesity and diabetes. Thus this study tests the hypothesis that NO synthesis is a site of convergence for glucose, leptin, and insulin signaling in VMH glucose-sensing neurons. With the use of the NO-sensitive dye 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein in conjunction with the membrane potential-sensitive dye fluorometric imaging plate reader, we found that glucose and leptin suppress, whereas insulin stimulates neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-dependent NO production in cultured VMH GI neurons. The effects of glucose and leptin were mediated by suppression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). The AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR) increased both NO production and neuronal activity in GI neurons. In contrast, the effects of insulin on NO production were blocked by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors wortmannin and LY-294002. Furthermore, decreased glucose, insulin, and AICAR increase the phosphorylation of VMH nNOS, whereas leptin decreases it. Finally, VMH neurons express soluble guanylyl cyclase, a downstream mediator of NO signaling. Thus NO may mediate, in part, glucose, leptin, and insulin signaling in VMH glucose-sensing neurons.
Investigation on the stability and bifurcation of a rod-fastening rotor bearing system (2014)

The stability and bifurcation of a flexible rod-fastening rotor bearing system (RBS) is investigated in this paper. The rod-fastening rotor has two kinds of special structural features – rods and interfaces. The circumferentially distributed rods are modeled as a constant stiffness matrix and an add-on moment vector, which is caused by the unbalanced pre-tightening forces. The stiffness matrix of interface is composed of normal and tangential contact stiffness, which are determined by the pre-tightening forces. After the shaft is discretized by Timoshenko elements, the system is reduced by a component mode synthesis. Periodic motions and stability margins are obtained by using the shooting method and path-following technique, and the local stability of system is obtained by using the Floquet theory. Comparisons indicate that the rod-fastening and complete RBS have a general resemblance in the bifurcation characteristics when mass eccentricity and rotating speed are changed. The unbalanced over-tightening of rods brings initial bending to the rotor, which leads to obvious influence on the nonlinear responses of the system. Moreover, the pre-tightening forces should be sufficiently applied because the small pre-tightening forces make the system more flexible and unstable through the effect of contact interfaces. Generally, this paper presents a method for analyzing the stability and bifurcation of the rod-fastening RBS.
Time‐Invariant Portfolio Insurance Strategies (1988)

ABSTRACT This paper characterizes the complete class of time‐invariant portfolio insurance strategies and derives the corresponding value functions that relate the wealth accumulated under the strategy to the value of the underlying insured portfolio. Time‐invariant strategies are shown to correspond to the long‐run policies for a broad class of portfolio insurance payoff functions.
An Evaluation of the Engineering Design Parameters of Hydrogen Peroxide, Ultra-Violet Oxidation of Refractories in Waste Water. (1976)

The capability of oxidizing refractories in waste water by hydrogen peroxide ultra-violet treatment had been demonstrated by laboratory experiments. The purpose of this project was to determine data which will permit an engineer to design a full-scale hydrogen peroxide-ultra-violet treatment facility. This data was developed for the most difficult refractory, acetic acid/acetate, in waste water and the results show that the engineer may design for minimum time or minimum energy utilization. (Author)
The Place of protease inhibitors in antiretroviral treatment (2009)

With the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy, a number of drugs have been developed. The best choice concerning which antiretroviral analogs to start is always under discussion, especially in the choice between non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors-based therapies and ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors. Both are proven to control viral replication and lead to immunological gain. The choice between a non-nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor and a protease inhibitor as a third antiretroviral drug in the therapy should consider factors related to the individual, as well as the inclusion of the best therapy in the patient's daily activities and potential adherence. The protease inhibitor-based therapies showed similar efficacy among the various inhibitors with characteristics concerning the adverse events from each medicine. For the treatment of protease-resistant patients, darunavir and tipranavir showed good efficacy with higher genetic barrier to resistance.
Complete Genome Sequence of Bacillus paralicheniformis MDJK30, a Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium with Antifungal Activity (2017)

<i>Bacillus paralicheniformis</i> MDJK30 was isolated from the rhizosphere of a peony. It could control the pathogen of peony root rot. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of <i>B. paralicheniformis</i> MDJK30. Eleven secondary metabolism gene clusters were predicted.
Strategies To Assemble Catenanes with Multiple Interlocked Macrocycles (2017)

As a major class of mechanically interlocked molecules, not only are catenanes topologically intriguing targets that challenge the chemical synthesis to the efficient formation of mechanical bonds, but also the mechanical properties arising from the topology offer unique and attractive features for the development of novel functional molecular materials. Despite advancements in templated methods for different types of interlocked architectures, [ n]catenane possessing multiple numbers of interlocked macrocycles still remains a difficult synthetic target with very few reported examples. If the unique mechanical properties of catenanes are to be fully exploited, reliable, controllable, and efficient strategies for accessing [ n]catenanes will be necessary. In this Viewpoint, challenges, considerations, and strategies to [ n]catenanes are discussed.
Using intelligent agents to manage fuzzy business processes (2001)

Businesses are undergoing a major paradigm shift, moving from traditional management into a world of agile organizations and processes. An agile corporation should be able to rapidly respond to market changes. For this reason, corporations have been seeking to develop numerous information technology (IT) systems to assist with the management of their business processes. Many of the coming new business processes may contain embedded intelligent agent-based systems. Agent technology looks set to radically alter not only the way in which computers are interacted, but also the way complex processes, e.g., product development, are conceptualized and built. The paper presents a fuzzy approach based on an intelligent agent framework to develop modular products. This approach aims to address the research issue: "How can modular design be carried out through intelligent agents to meet a customer's fuzzy requirements using modules that come from suppliers that are geographically separated and operate on differing computer platforms?" The proposed methodology is applied to a real-world case that involves module-based synthesis at one of largest distribution centers in the world.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF N‐ALKYL‐10‐HYDROXY‐2,3,4,5,6,7‐HEXAHYDRO‐1,6‐METHANO‐1H‐4‐BENZAZONINE DERIVATIVES (1982)

Abstract Auf dem im Formelschema angegebenen Weg werden die C‐Homobenzomorphane (V) und (VII) hergestellt.
ZnO:Al cathode for highly efficient, semitransparent 4% organic solar cells utilizing TiO<i>x</i> and aluminum interlayers (2012)

We report on the fabrication of highly efficient, semitransparent bulk heterojunction solar cells comprising poly[[9-(1-octylnonyl)-9h-carbazole-2,7-diyl]-2,5-thiophenediyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-diyl-2,5-thiophenediyl] (PCDTBT) blended with [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl (PC71BM) esters as active layer. As semitransparent cathode sputtered aluminum doped ZnO was used in combination with a sputter damage preventing, thin (8 nm) TiOx layer processed from solution and a sputtered aluminum interlayer (ALI). The short circuit current improves for thicker ALIs due to increased reflectance at the cathode leading to average efficiencies of 4.0% for semitransparent solar cells. Comparable results (3.9%) were achieved for devices comprising thick absorbers and thin ALIs.
Nd-YAG Laser Photoablation of Sessile Villous and Tubular Adenomas of the Colorectum (1988)

Neodymium (Nd)-YAG laser photoablation treatment was used to treat 46 patients with broad-based villous and tubular adenomas of the colon or rectum. These adenomas were distributed throughout the large bowel, with the majority (72%) located above the peritoneal reflection. Patients received an average of 2.1 treatments per adenoma, with 22 patients (48%) requiring only one treatment. Overall treatment success was achieved in 89% of cases (mean follow-up of 12 months), with four patients undergoing continued therapy. Of the patients who received a full course of treatment, only two (4%) were not taken to complete photoablation. Complications were minimal, and 92% of all laser treatments were done on an outpatient basis. Four patients had documented polyp recurrence that was controlled with additional laser treatment. Two patients with malignant polyps who were not surgical candidates were also treated with the laser, with no tumor recurrence seen at 11 and 14 months. Nd-YAG laser photoablation of large colonic polyps offers a safe, efficient, and cost-effective alternative to standard surgical resection.
<i>Microscaler</i>: Cost-Effective Scaling for Microservice Applications in the Cloud With an Online Learning Approach (2020)

Recently, the microservice becomes a popular architecture to construct cloud native systems due to its agility. In cloud native systems, autoscaling is a key enabling technique to adapt to workload changes by acquiring or releasing the right amount of computing resources. However, it becomes a challenging problem in microservice applications, since such an application usually comprises a large number of different microservices with complex interactions. When the performance decreases due to an unpredictable workload peak, it is difficult to pinpoint the scaling-needed services which need to scale out and evaluate how many resources they need. In this article, we present a novel system named <i>Microscaler</i> to automatically identify the scaling-needed services and scale them to meet the Service Level Agreement (SLA) with an optimal cost for microservice applications. <i>Microscaler</i> first collects the quality of service (QoS) metrics in the service mesh enabled microservice infrastructure. Then, it determines under-provisioning or over-provisioning service instances along the service dependency graph with a novel scaling-needed service criterion named <i>service power</i>. The service dependency graph could be obtained by correlating each request flow in the service mesh. By combining an online learning approach and a step-by-step heuristic approach, <i>Microscaler</i> can precisely reach the optimal service scale meeting the SLA requirements. The experimental evaluations in a microservice benchmark show that <i>Microscaler</i> achieves an average 93 percent precision in scaling-needed service determination and converges to the optimal service scale faster than several state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, <i>Microscaler</i> is lightweight and flexible enough to work in a large-scale microservice system.
A Review of the Design and Performance of Vertical-flow and Hybrid Reed Bed Treatment Systems (1999)

The paper reviews the different options for the combination of vertical- and horizontal-flow beds used in hybrid reed bed/wetland systems. The design and performance of these systems are briefly described. The importance of the oxygen transfer capacity of the different arrangements to their performance and their size is discussed. Alternative methods for denitrification are briefly described.
Si adatom diffusion on Si (100) surface in selective epitaxial growth of Si (2003)

The growth temperature dependence of Si adatom diffusion on Si (100) surface was systematically investigated in a cold wall ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition system. Si epitaxial layers were selectively grown on local oxidation of silicon patterned Si substrates. By cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy analysis, the increase in Si growth rate on the Si (100) surface near the edge of (311) facet was observed at various growth temperatures. This can be understood as a consequence of the mass transport from the sidewall (311) facet to the top (100) surface. Based on a simple diffusion model, the surface diffusion lengths of Si adatoms along the [110] direction were estimated to be about 70, 140, and 200 nm at 550, 600, and 650 °C, respectively. The calculated activation energy of 1.4 eV for diffusion of Si adatoms from the temperature dependence of the diffusion length was relatively higher than those in previous reports obtained under ultrahigh vacuum environment. This difference was discussed in terms of the discrepancy in the surface states by hydrogen adsorption on the Si surface.
Early stages of infection of rapeseed petals and leaves by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum revealed by scanning electron microscopy (1995)

The primary ascospore inoculum of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum initially infects rapeseed (Brassica napus var oleifera) via petals. Infected petals fall onto leaf surfaces, resulting in infection of those organs. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study of this process was undertaken to elucidate the host‐parasite relationship and to determine the best plant organ for detection by serology of early field infection as an aid to disease forecasting and cost‐effective disease control. The behaviour of ascospores deposited on young petals and on leaves was compared. Ascospores were deposited by inverting a mature apothecium above either a leaf disc, a young petal or young petal placed on a leaf surface. Spore germination, host penetration and colonization were examined by SEM. On young petals, the following steps in pathogenesis were observed: ascospore adhesion and germination, penetration of the host from short germ tubes and collapse of epidermal cells. Petals were then covered with extensive mycelium. From these sites, the mycelium invaded leaf tissues and infection proceeded. In contrast, ascospores landing directly on leaf surfaces failed to germinate. The role of petals as sites of pre‐election in the aetiology of the disease is discussed in relation to the published literature.
Left ventricular measurements with cine and spin-echo MR imaging: a study of reproducibility with variance component analysis. (1993)

The authors studied the reproducibility of repeated measurements of left ventricular volumes, weight, and wall stress as determined with cine and spin-echo magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Two observers analyzed 40 serial MR imaging examinations twice, yielding a total of 160 repeated measurements. Estimates of 95% ranges for change were ejection fraction, 10% and 12%; wall mass, 16% and 21%; and wall stress, 22% and 20%, for measurements derived from cine MR imaging and spin-echo MR imaging, respectively. Reproducibility was not significantly different between cine and spin-echo MR imaging. Intraobserver, interobserver, and interexamination errors were quantitated with variance component analysis. Interexamination variability was the single most important contributor to total variance. Reproducibility of left ventricular chamber volume measurements with MR imaging is superior to that of other imaging modalities. In addition, MR imaging can provide reliable estimates of wall mass and wall stress. Efforts to improve reproducibility should be aimed at lowering interexamination variability.