gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using File Grouping to Improve the Disk Performance (Extended Abstract) (2006)

As the speed gap between CPU and the secondary storage device will not be narrowing in the foreseeable future, file grouping can be a promising way to reduce the disk I/O latency. The order of sequential access among files observed during the execution of individual programs is very predictable. Based on this idea, we propose a new file grouping model called program-based grouping (PBG). Through the Reiser file system, we implemented PBG into Linux kernel. The experiments demonstrate that PBG out performs both ReiserFS and Ext3. Compared with ReiserFS, PBG can improve the ReiserFS performance by up to 66%
High-throughput next generation sequencing : methods and applications (2011)

The epithelial cell-derived cytokines thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-33, and IL-25 are central regulators of type 2 immunity, which drives a broad array of allergic responses. Often characterized as "alarmins" that are released by the barrier epithelium in response to external insults, these epithelial cell-derived cytokines were initially thought to act only early in allergic inflammation. Indeed, TSLP can condition dendritic cells to initiate type 2 responses, and IL-33 may influence susceptibility to asthma through its role in establishing the immune environment in the perinatal lungs. However, TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25 all regulate a broad spectrum of innate immune cell populations and are particularly potent in eliciting and activating type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) that may act throughout allergic inflammation. Recent data suggest that a TSLP/ILC axis may mediate steroid resistance in asthma. Recent identification of memory Th2 cell subsets that are characterized by high receptor expression for TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25 further supports a role for these cytokines in allergic exacerbations. There is therefore growing interest in developing biologics that target TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25. This Review provides an overview of TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25 and the development of blocking antibodies that target these epithelial cell-derived cytokines.
Growth of monocrystals of germanium from an undercooled melt (1955)

Abstract Dissipation of latent heat being the main rate-controlling factor in crystal growth from the melt, a novel technique has been developed for the rapid growth of monocrystals of germanium and other materials with the diamond or zincblende structure. By dipping a properly orientated seed crystal into an under-cooled melt and withdrawing it at the same rate as it grows, monocrystals of indefinite length can be obtained with various shapes which are under reasonable control; in particular, crystals can be grown in the form of thin lamellae, demonstrating in a striking fashion that even in an isotropic medium of cubic symmetry, crystal growth can take place by the deposition of individual layers orientated along the close-packed {111} planes. Further evidence for growth by layer formation is deduced from etch experiments. The surfaces of some of these crystals have a high degree of perfection. Crystal surfaces as grown, and also after having been etched, have been examined in detail under the optical, phase-contrast and electron microscopes, as well as with a fine-focus X-ray beam; certain growth features are discussed and a possible mechanism is suggested for dendritic growth.
Olympics a Good Time to Start Wars (2008)

The role of politics in the awarding of the Olympic Games to Bejing and how China will conduct the Games is discussed.
A reexamination of “Optimization of array subscript range checks” (1995)

Jonathan Asuru proposed recently an enhanced method for optimizing array subscript range checks. The proposed method is however unsafe and may generate optimized programs whose behavior is different from the original program. Two main flaws in Asuru's method are described, together with suggested remedies and improvements.
Analysis of Factors Influencing the Growth of Export of Agricultural Products in Yunnan Province: An Empirical Study Based on CMS Model (2013)

Yunnan Province is the bridgehead for the opening of the southwest region in China, and the economic frontier of China-ASEAN economic cooperation, where the export of agricultural products plays an important role in promoting the openness of the southwest region and strengthening China-ASEAN economic cooperation. In this paper, we use CMS model to analyze causes of the increase in the exports of agricultural products in Yunnan Province during the period 2001-2010. It is found that the expanded import scale of agricultural products in the world, improvement in the export competitiveness of products and the adaption of product export structure to the changes in the structure of world import demand, are the main factors responsible for increase in the exports of agricultural products in Yunnan Province. In recent years, the improvement of competitiveness of the export of agricultural products becomes a key factor for the growth of the export of agricultural products in Yunnan Province. In terms of the products classified, strong export competitiveness has promoted the export of plant products, such as beverages and tobacco, while weak export competitiveness and unreasonable export structure has impeded the export of animal products, plant and animal oil and fat products.
Effects of C5a on baboon alveolar macrophage migration. (1981)

The effect of C5a, a fragment of the fifth complement component, on alveolar macrophage migration was studied using a micropore method. Cells were obtained by broncho-pulmonary lavage, in vivo or in vitro, from control baboons and baboons taught to smoke cigarettes. Macrophage migration directly depended on the C5a concentration cells encountered. The highest C5a concentrations studied enhanced migration more than 20-fold. Cells from smokers exhibited greater migration than those from nonsmokers, and cells recovered in vivo exhibited greater migration than in vitro cells, but these differences were not significant. A gradient analysis suggested that C5a-induced migration was chemotactic, i.e., oriented; C5a enhanced migration more than N-formyl-methionyl-phenylalanine, and C5a without the C-terminal arginine lost over two thirds of its capacity to enhance migration. The observation that C5a induces alveolar macrophage chemotaxis established that alveolar macrophages are similar to other mononuclear phagocytes with respect to C5a-enhanced migratory responses, and demonstrated that complement components may participate in lung inflammatory reactions through effects on cells other than neutrophils.
Marrow Transplantation for Nonmalignant Disorders (1985)

IN 1978 Parkman et al.1 reported the complete correction of the Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome in two patients by allogeneic marrow transplantation after preparation with antihuman thymocyte serum and total-body irradiation. The article and the accompanying editorial2 indicated the potential of marrow transplantation for the correction of a wide variety of nonmalignant diseases. Five years and many reports later, it is apparent that much progress has been made but that many problems remain.The modern era of human bone-marrow transplantation began at the end of the 1960s, when techniques of human histocompatibility typing made it possible to select HLA-identical siblings as donors. . . .
Improvements on co-channel speech separation using ADF: low complexity, fast convergence, and generalization (2002)

Three modifications on the adaptive decorrelation filtering (ADF) algorithm are proposed to improve the performance of a co-channel speech separation system. Firstly, a simplified ADF (SADF) is suggested to reduce the computational complexity of ADF from O(N/sup 2/) to O(N) per sample, where N is the filter length used in the channel estimation. Secondly, a transform-domain ADF (TDADF) is developed to accelerate the convergence of the filter estimates while maintaining computational complexity at O(N). Thirdly, a generalized ADF (GADF) is derived to handle the noncausal filter estimation problem often encountered in co-channel speech separation. Experimental results showed that when the average signal-to-interference ratios (SIRs) in the co-channel signals were 6.15 and 5.38 dB, respectively, both the SADF and TDADF improved the SIRs to around 18 to 19 dB, and the GADF further improved the SIRs to around 19 to 24 dB.
Talking deviance history: Sydney sex workers of the past (1993)

Conventional histories of prostitution have usually depended on sources outside the sex industry, such as the media, police records and official government documents. These often give an impression of sex work as the occupation of brazen, lawless women or drug addicts controlled by stand over thugs with vague associations with the mafia or mysterious vice lords. Historians have rarely sought out prostitutes, pimps and brothelkeepers for major source material. This was as much due to the reluctance of these marginalised participants of the sex industry to speak out, as it was due to the historian's usual methodology of documentary research. When sex workers did speak to the media their comments were more often distorted or refocussed to reinforce the dominant culture's misconceptions of prostitution, and police records tend to view sex work as criminal behaviour.
What’s in a Name (2003)

Shortly after the original description of islet cell antibodies (ICAs) as a marker for childhood type 1 diabetes, it was realized that some adult-onset patients are also ICA positive (1). With the discovery of GAD antibodies as another marker of type 1 diabetes, Paul Zimmet et al. (2) introduced the term “latent autoimmune diabetes of adults” (LADA) to describe an important minority of adult-onset patients with diabetes. Typical patients are positive for GAD antibodies, 35 years of age or older, nonobese, and present without ketoacidosis and weight loss. Although many maintain good glycemic control for several years with sulfonylureas, these patients become “insulin dependent” more rapidly than antibody-negative type 2 diabetic patients (2).

Unfortunately, the phenotype of adult-onset diabetic patients, including their presentation, is extremely variable, resulting in confusion with the nomenclature and classification of these patients. Besides LADA, these patients have been named type 1.5 diabetes, “slowly progressive type 1 diabetes,” “latent type 1 diabetes,” “youth-onset diabetes of maturity,” and even LADA-type 1 and LADA-type 2 (3). How should these patients be classified?

A major question facing the diabetes community is whether all autoantibody-positive diabetes is due to the same pathophysiological disease process. Is autoimmune diabetes in adults due to the same underlying disease process as childhood type 1 diabetes? Or do some patients with autoimmune diabetes in adulthood have a distinct form of autoimmune diabetes compared with classic childhood type 1 diabetes? Phenotypically there are at least three separate populations of autoimmune diabetes in adults: LADA, adult-onset type 1 diabetes, and obese phenotypic type 2 diabetes in patients who are antibody positive.

In this issue of Diabetes Care , Hosszufalusi et al. (4) compared patients with LADA with patients presenting with classic type 1 diabetes at older ages. These populations were also compared with a control group …
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE <i>dur</i> LOCI IN <i>S. CEREVISIAE</i>: TWO DOMAINS OF A SINGLE MULTIFUNCTIONAL GENE (1980)

ABSTRACT In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the degradation of urea to carbon dioxide and ammonia is catalyzed byurea carboxylase and albphanate hydrolase. The loci coding for these enzymes (dur1 and dur2) are very tightly linked an the right arm of chromosome II between pet11 and met8. Pleiotropic mutations that fail to complement mutations in either of the dur loci were found to be predominantly located in or near the dur2 locus. We interpret these data as suggesting that the two dur loci might in reality be domains of a single gene that codes fora multifunctional polypeptide. In view OIthis conclusion, we have renamed the dur loci as the durl,2 locus.
Direct Laser Metal Deposition Process Fabricates Near-Net-Shape Components Rapidly (1995)

(1995). Direct Laser Metal Deposition Process Fabricates Near-Net-Shape Components Rapidly. Materials Technology: Vol. 10, No. 3-4, pp. 51-54.
ORTHODONTIC PROCESS SAFETY EVALUATION BASED ON PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT CAPILLARY PRESSURE AND OGDEN MODEL (2018)

Taking the lower maxillary incisors as an example and the orthodontic forces along the near–far middle direction, the orthodontic forces along the crown–root direction and the orthodontic moment around the tongue–cheek direction as loading condition, the biomechanical simulation of the tooth is carried out by the method of finite element simulation in this paper. The CT images of the skull are segmented and denoised by Mimics. The solid models of teeth, periodontal ligament (PDL), alveolar bone and brackets are established by Gomagic and Solidworks. The material characteristics of the PDL are defined by the two-order Ogden hyperelastic model. Taking the PDL capillary pressure as a criterion for orthodontic safety, combined with the stress response of PDL, the safe orthodontic force range of mandibular central incisors is obtained by ANSYS finite element software.
Functional verification coverage vs. physical stuck-at fault coverage (2002)

It is shown that a functional verification coverage model based on functional property model is a super set of nonredundant physical stuck-at faults in this paper. This paper overviews a methodology to validate and verify hardware or software systems where the specification is modeled as a finite functional property model. The methodology proposed can produce a short verification/test with short verification and test application time and high design verification/physical fault coverage.
Cancer Diagnostics via Ultrasensitive Multiplexed Detection of Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptides with a Microfluidic Immunoarray (2016)

Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) is recognized as the major causative agent of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM). The paraneoplastic PTHrP has also been implicated in tumor progression and metastasis of many human cancers. Conventional PTHrP detection methods like immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) lack the sensitivity required to measure target peptide levels prior to the development of hypercalcemia. In general, sensitive, multiplexed peptide measurement by immunoassay represents challenges that we address in this paper. We describe here the first ultrasensitive multiplexed peptide assay to measure intact PTHrP 1-173 as well as circulating N-terminal and C-terminal peptide fragments. This versatile approach should apply to almost any collection of peptides that are long enough to present binding sites for two antibodies. To target PTHrP, we employed a microfluidic immunoarray featuring a chamber for online capture of the peptides from serum onto magnetic beads decorated with massive numbers of peptide-specific antibodies and enzyme labels. Magnetic bead-peptide conjugates were then washed and sent to a detection chamber housing an antibody-modified 8-electrode array fabricated by inkjet printing of gold nanoparticles. Limits of detection (LODs) of 150 aM (∼1000-fold lower than IRMA) in 5 μL of serum were achieved for simultaneous detection of PTHrP isoforms and peptide fragments in 30 min. Good correlation for patient samples was found with IRMA (n = 57); r(2) = 0.99 assaying PTHrP 1-86 equiv fragments. Analysis by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plot gave an area under the curve of 0.96, 80-83% clinical sensitivity, and 96-100% clinical specificity. Results suggest that PTHrP1-173 isoform and its short C-terminal fragments are the predominant circulating forms of PTHrP. This new ultrasensitive, multiplexed assay for PTHrP and fragments is promising for clinical diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic monitoring from early to advanced stage cancer patients and to examine underlying mechanisms of PTHrP overproduction.
Novel drug delivery strategies for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (2005)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses two idiopathic inflammatory diseases of the intestinal tract: Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Existing therapy for IBD consists mainly of orally or rectally administered small drug molecules, such as 5-aminosalicylates and corticosteroids, or potent systemic immune suppressants. IBD presents a challenging target for drug delivery, particularly by the oral route, as, contrary to most therapeutic regimens, minimal systemic absorption and maximal intestinal wall drug levels are desired. Several delivery strategies are employed to achieve this goal, including the chemical modification of the drug molecules, the use of controlled- and delayed-release formulations and the use of bioadhesive particles. The goal of this review is to summarise existing IBD therapy and examine novel approaches in intestinal drug delivery.
Incidence of Nonpersistently Transmitted Viruses in Pepper Sprayed with Whitewash, Oil, and Insecticide, Alone or Combined (1993)

Several methods of protecting pepper (Capsicum annuum) against aphid-borne virus diseases were evaluated in field experiments for 6 yr. Results of weekly sprays of the insecticide pirimicarb (Pirimor) or bifenthrin (Talstar) at 0.1% or of a mixture of pirimicarb at 0.1% and whitewash (Yalbin) at 10% did not differ from those of unsprayed controls. Applications of mineral oil (Virol) at 1% or of whitewash (Yalbin or Loven) at 10% reduced the incidence of virus infection by about 40%. The best control was achieved with Yalbin combined with bifenthrin or mineral oil, which reduced virus infection by about 60%
Magnetostriction of Fe-Al-Si alloy sputtered films (1987)

Magnetostriction measurements were made by the optical cantilever method for Fe-Al-Si (1∼6wt% Al, 5.5∼ 9.5wt% Si, bal. Fe) alloy films prepared by d.c. magnetron sputtering. The magnetostriction, λ, for the films with approx. 90wt% Fe concentration changes its value remarkably with annealing higher than 300°C. This annealing temperature at which sudden decrease of λ takes place corresponds well to the ordering temperature in the films. The line of λ=0 determined by the present experiment in Fe-Al-Si ternaly alloy films agrees fairly well with the λ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</inf> =0 line obtained by calculation in the composition range with Fe content more than 87wt%. Two different film concentration regions, 5.7wt% Al-9.0wt% Si-bal.Fe and 4.2wt% Al-8.0wt% Si-bal. Fe, at which the soft magnetic properties ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Hc\simeq0.4</tex> Oe, μeff >1000 at 5 MHz) are realized, were found to lie at about <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\lambda\simeq2\times10^{-6}</tex> . The difference of concentration dependences of λ=0 for the films fabricated by vacuum evaporation and by sputtering are discussed.
Development and integration of a microcomputer based image analysis system for automatic PCB inspection (2003)

Completely repeatable inspection of printed circuit boards (PCBs) requires that the inspection be automated. The cost of such inspection is beyond most medium to small PCB manufacturers. The authors address this problem with a microcomputer-based image-analysis system. Illumination, filtering, and flaw detection of the IBM-AT-based system are addressed. The authors conclude that when processing costs are reduced, the system will be viable and cost-effective.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Direct measurement of the effect of substrate photoelectrons in x-ray nanolithography (1997)

We measure the dissolution rate of poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) as a function of height above substrates of silicon and thin films suitable as bases for gold electroplating: a “thick-gold” film (10 nm Ti/10 nm Au), and a “thin-gold” film (10 nm Ti/1.8 nm Au). For the thick-gold film, a dramatic increase is seen in the PMMA dissolution rate starting approximately 50 nm above the substrate. This is attributed to increased x-ray absorption and photoelectron generation in the thick gold. An increased dissolution rate is not seen for the other two substrates. Our measurements are compared with simulations and with our experience in replicating sub-50-nm device structures. We point out two consequences of this increased exposure due to substrate-generated electrons. The first is an increased exposure rate near the resist/substrate interface which can lead to development at the interface in the dark areas. The second is an increase in exposure near a resist/substrate interface at the boundary between shadowed and unshadowed regions, leading to an undercut in the resist profile.
Direction-Selective Filters for Sound Localization (2011)

An important problem in sound localization is the determination of the polar and azimuthal angles of far-field acoustic sources. Two fundamental approaches to the solution can be identified: spatial filtering (beamforming) and the parameter estimation approach. Van Veen and Buckley (1988) and Krim and Viberg (1996) give comprehensive reviews of the first and second approaches, respectively. Spatial filtering was carried out by an array of pressure sensors. A serious drawback to the filtering approach is that its performance depends directly on the physical size of the array (aperture), regardless of the data gathering time and signal-to-noise ratio. This aperture dependence together with more demanding applications motivated a good number of researchers to develop parametric estimation techniques. These methods can be separated into two main categories, namely, spectralbased and parametric approaches. The most famous example of the first is MUSIC (MUltiple Signal Classification) algorithm developed by Schmidt (1981) and Bienvenu and Kopp (1980), and of the second is the Maximum Likelihood (ML) method developed by Kumaresan and Shaw (1985) and Bresler and Macovski (1986). In contrast to beamforming techniques, a MUSIC estimate of arbitrary accuracy can be achieved if the data gathering time is sufficiently long, the SNR high enough, and the signal model sufficiently accurate. However, a significant limitation is the inability to resolve closely spaced signals with small sample sizes and low SNR. Further deterioration occurs for highly correlated signals and complete breakdown for coherent signals. The interested reader is referred to Krim and Viberg (1996) for discussions on how these limitations have been addressed. All of the methods for localizing acoustic sources had one thing in common. They used arrays composed of pressure sensors. This continued until Nehorai and Paldi (1994) introduced a new type of sensor called the vector sensor. An acoustic vector sensor measures the acoustic pressure and all three components of the acoustic particle velocity at a single point in space. The extra information provided by the vector sensor opened the door to improved source localization accuracy without increase in array aperture. Vector-sensor models and fundamental processing techniques were developed by Nehorai and Paldi (1994) and Hawkes and Nehorai (2000) for the case of sensors located away from and in the presence of a reflecting boundary, respectively. Parametric techniques that had been designed for arrays of pressure sensors were adapted to vector sensors. For example, Wong
Teaching Applied Anthropology as Humanistic Social Science (1991)

In this paper I describe the evolution of the course Applied Research which I teach in the Department of Anthropology at Hamline University. Hamline is small liberal arts college of about 1400 students, two-thirds of whom take some anthropology. The course is limited to sixteen students. A prerequisite is one previous course in anthropology, and the majority of students who take the course are anthropology majors.