gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HETEROCYCLES. 9.* REACTIONS OF 1,2-DITHIOLAN-3-ONES WITH .a.MINES (1982)

.In the preceding article [I], we showed that phosphines attack the sulfur atom in position 1 of 1,2-dithiolan-3-ones with subsequent cleavage of the disulfide bond and formation of ~-thiolactones. The reaction of 1,2-dithio!anes with amines has not yet been studied. We found that unlike phosphines~ amines attack only the carbonyl carbon atom of 1,2-dithio!an-3-ones (I) with opening of the S-acyl bond and formation of the corresponding hydrodisulfides (IIa-e)
Impact of head thermal movement to adjacent track encroachment measurement (2002)

The impact of the head thermal movement to adjacent track encroachment (ATE) measurement with spin stand is studied. At head-gimbal assembly (HGA) and head-stack assembly (HSA) levels, the current technique measures the track amplitude reduction after continuously writing the adjacent tracks in the nominal write current and full write gate condition. However, the head thermal movement could result in a big problem for ATE value and stability with the spin stand. From the one-side adjacent track encroachment experiment, head thermal movement is the major reason for quick rising ATE when the adjacent track writing iteration increases. The experimental data also show strong correlation between ATE and adjacent track write gate and write current. Further work shows that the writer trace is the major reason for this thermal movement. However, ATE is much more stable when the write gate total open rate is less than 25%. A technique, which inserts the idle revolutions among adjacent track writing, is proposed to reduce the head thermal movement during ATE test. This methodology has been applied to a spin stand software module for HGA/HSA level ATE measurement.
FACT OR FICTION (2012)

LEARNING OBJECTIVE • The reader can expect to learn about updates regarding the dietary supplement regulations established by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and how to professionally discuss the use of supplements with his or her clients.
Use of dietary indices to control for diet in human gut microbiota studies (2018)

We find that the HEI explains the most variance in, and has the strongest association with, gut microbiota composition in a western (UK) population, suggesting that it may be the best summary measure to capture gut microbiota variance attributable to habitual diet in comparable populations.
Deposition of aluminum nitride thin films by MOCVD from the trimethylaluminum–ammonia adduct (1996)

Growth of epitaxial AIN from a directly bonded compound in the absence of any NH 3 , as described here, is an important technological advance. It is reported that the use of the adduct Me 3 AINH 3 as a single‐source precursor has allowed the epitaxial growth on sapphire of AIN films of a quality suitable for buffer layers in the growth of device layers avoiding the disadvantages of traditional MOCVD of AIN. Details are given of deposition schemes, the carbon and oxygen contamination is discussed, and a probable deposition mechanism is proposed.
AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylates transcription factors of the CREB family (2007)

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been identified as a regulator of gene transcription, increasing mitochondrial proteins of oxidative metabolism as well as hexokinase expression in skeletal muscle. In mice, muscle-specific knockout of LKB1, a component of the upstream kinase of AMPK, prevents contraction- and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR)-induced activation of AMPK in skeletal muscle, and the increase in hexokinase II protein that is normally observed with chronic AICAR activation of AMPK. Since previous reports show a cAMP response element in the promoter region of the hexokinase II gene, we hypothesized that the cAMP-response element (CRE) binding protein (CREB) family of transcription factors could be targets of AMPK. Using radioisotopic kinase assays, we found that recombinant and rat liver and muscle AMPK phosphorylated CREB1 at the same site as cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). AMPK was also found to phosphorylate activating transcription factor 1 (ATF1), CRE modulator (CREM), and CREB-like 2 (CREBL2), but not ATF2. Treatment of HEK-293 cells stably transfected with a CREB-driven luciferase reporter with AICAR increased luciferase activity approximately threefold over a 24-h time course. This increase was blocked with compound C, an AMPK inhibitor. In addition, AICAR-induced activation of AMPK in incubated rat epitrochlearis muscles resulted in an increase in both phospho-acetyl-CoA carboxylase and phospho-CREB. We conclude that CREB and related proteins are direct downstream targets for AMPK and are therefore likely involved in mediating some effects of AMPK on expression of genes having a CRE in their promoters.
Training managers to handle a crisis (1995)

The best way to prepare an organization for a crisis is to start with the training and work backwards to the development of a manual, because crisis management calls for an instinctive understanding of the psychologies involved and a high degree of flexibility. Outlines a typical development programme to prepare an organization for a major crisis. Describes how to sell such a course to a management already committed to first preparing a plan and the author′s approach as trainer.
A fourth-order, audio-bandwidth, 87.5-dB SNDR &#x03A3;&#x0394; modulator for MEMS microphones (2009)

This paper presents a complete interface circuit for capacitive MEMS microphones, consisting of the cascade of a preamplifier, a second-order, multi-bit analog SigmaDelta modulator, and a fourth-order, single-bit digital SigmaDelta modulator. The complete interface circuit features a current consumption of 574 muA from a 3.3-V power supply, achieving a signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) of 87.5 dB. The feed-forward technique has been used in the analog SigmaDelta modulator, to relax the requirements of the operational amplifiers. The proposed MEMS microphone interface circuit is designed in a 0.35-mum CMOS technology. Post-layout and Montecarlo simulation results of the overall circuit are reported to validate the performance.
DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF CONTROLLER AREA NETWORK CUT- THROUGH BRIDGES (2002)

Controller Area Network (CAN) is a serial communication bus used in distributed real-time control applications. Although it was first introduced for automotive applications, it has also been widely accepted in industrial distributed control environments as a fieldbus standard. CAN has a very robust error recovery mechanism and the protocol uses a non-destructive bit-wise arbitration mechanism as the medium access method. Although this method provides collision-free medium access, it also limits the bus distance and CAN systems have to operate at limited bus lengths. This paper explains basic solutions to extend a CAN system and introduces a new approach with cut-through bridging. This solution helps a CAN system to exceed the physical distance barrier imposed by the protocol. Simulation results show that the CAN system distance can be doubled by a cut-through bridge without losing the original features of the system
Ultra-thin Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>films grown by atomic layer deposition for corrosion protection of copper (2014)

Ultra-thin Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>films with thickness in the range of 4.5–29.4 nm were prepared on a copper substrate by atomic layer deposition (ALD) at the temperature of 150 °C to protect the substrate from corrosion.
Clinical Studies of the Cholinergic Deficit in Alzheimer's Disease (1985)

Autopsy studies indicating that cholinergic neurons are selectively lost in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) suggest that peripheral markers for central cholinergic activity would be useful in diagnosis. The present studies found that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of acetylcholine (ACh) correlated with the degree of cognitive impairment (r = .70) in a sample of carefully diagnosed patients with AD/SDAT, but metabolites of other neurotransmitters were not related to cognitive state; this suggests that CSF ACh may be a valid measure of cholinergic degeneration. Cortisol and growth hormone were measured in plasma samples drawn from patients and controls every 30 minutes from 2100 to 1100 hours the next day. Mean plasma cortisol concentrations were higher in patients with AD/SDAT than in controls and correlated inversely with CSF methoxy-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) (r = .61) and positively with degree of cognitive impairment (r = +.53); as anticholinergic drugs suppress cortisol this finding indicates that cortisol dysregulation may be a marker for abnormalities in other neurotransmitter systems, particularly the noradrenergic system. Growth hormone secretion was not different in patients and controls but was positively correlated with CSF MHPG (r = +.63).
IL-6 enhances plasma IL-1ra, IL-10, and cortisol in humans (2003)

The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that a transient increase in plasma IL-6 induces an anti-inflammatory environment in humans. Therefore, young healthy volunteers received a low dose of recombinant human (rh)IL-6 or saline for 3 h. Plasma IL-6 levels during rhIL-6 infusion were approximately 140 pg/ml, corresponding to the levels obtained during strenuous exercise. The infusion of rhIL-6 did not induce enhanced levels of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha but enhanced the plasma levels of the two anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 receptor agonist (IL-1ra) and IL-10 compared with saline infusion. In addition, C-reactive protein increased 3 h post-rhIL-6 infusion and was further elevated 16 h later compared with saline infusion. rhIL-6 induced increased levels of plasma cortisol and, consequently, an increase in circulating neutrophils and a decrease in the lymphocyte number without effects on plasma epinephrine, body temperature, mean arterial pressure, or heart rate. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that physiological concentrations of IL-6 induce an anti-inflammatory rather than an inflammatory response in humans and that IL-6, independently of TNF-alpha, enhances the levels not only of IL-1ra but also of IL-10. Furthermore, IL-6 induces an increase in cortisol and, consequently, in neutrocytosis and late lymphopenia to the same magnitude and with the same kinetics as during exercise, suggesting that muscle-derived IL-6 has a central role in exercise-induced leukocyte trafficking.
The Preparation and Properties of Ketene Diethylacetal (1936)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation and Properties of Ketene DiethylacetalFrederick Beyerstedt and S. M. McElvainCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1936, 58, 3, 529–531Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1936Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1936https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01294a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01294a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views523Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fan Blade Deflection Measurement and Analyses Correlation (1997)

Steady deflection measurements were taken of two identical NASA/Pratt & Whitney-designed fan blades while they were rotating in a vacuum in NASA Lewis Research Center's Dynamic Spin Facility. The one-fifth-scale fan blades, which have a tip diameter of 22 in. and a pinroot retention, are of sparshell construction and were unducted for this test. The purpose of the test was to measure the change of the radial deflection of the blade tip and blade angle at selected radial stations along the blade span with respect to rotational speed. The procedure for radial deflection measurement had no precedent and was newly developed for this test. Radial deflection measurements were made to assure adequate tip clearance existed between the fan blades and the duct for a follow-on wind tunnel test. Also, blade angle deflection measurements were desired before pitchsetting parts for the wind tunnel test were finish machined. During the test, laser beams were aimed across the blade path into photodiodes to give signals that were used to determine blade angle change or tip radial deflection. These laser beams were set parallel to the spin axis at selected radial stations.
Endothelial cells and pulmonary arterial hypertension: apoptosis, proliferation, interaction and transdifferentiation (2009)

Severe pulmonary arterial hypertension, whether idiopathic or secondary, is characterized by structural alterations of microscopically small pulmonary arterioles. The vascular lesions in this group of pulmonary hypertensive diseases show actively proliferating endothelial cells without evidence of apoptosis. In this article, we review pathogenetic concepts of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension and explain the term "complex vascular lesion ", commonly named "plexiform lesion", with endothelial cell dysfunction, i.e., apoptosis, proliferation, interaction with smooth muscle cells and transdifferentiation.
Interferences in solid-phase extraction using C-18 bonded porous silica cartridges (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInterferences in solid-phase extraction using C-18 bonded porous silica cartridgesGregor A. Junk, Michael J. Avery, and John J. RichardCite this: Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 13, 1347–1350Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00164a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00164a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views347Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Diversity of Polyphenol Action in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>: Between Toxicity and Longevity (2011)

The model organism Caenorhabditis elegans was utilized to determine, in vivo, the mode(s) of action of four plant polyphenols, namely, tannic acid (TA), gallic acid (GA), ellagic acid (EA), and catechin (CT). The determination of lifespan, stress resistance, growth, reproduction, eating-related behaviors, antioxidative capacities, and lifespan assays with the mev-1 and the eat-2 mutants as well as in the presence of dead bacteria provided new insights into their action. All four compounds prolonged lifespan, but only TA and CT mediated distinct stress protection. Longevity is unlikely the result of antioxidant capacities but rather due to calorie restriction imitating and hormetic properties in the case of TA and EA or antimicrobial capacities of GA and EA. Furthermore, the prominent "disposable soma theory" is only partly reflected by these polyphenols. In summary, this study underlines the diversity of polyphenolic phytochemicals and their mechanistic background.
Working with a teaching assistant (2000)

The labels that have been given to support staff working in classrooms have been many and various - classroom assistants, ancillaries, classroom helpers, NTAs and so on, so I welcome the DfEE's move to use the title teaching assistants. I will use it to include nursery nurses and staff with equivalent qualifications as well as unqualified assistants.
Extraction of linear anisotropic parameters using optical coherence tomography and hybrid Mueller matrix formalism (2015)

A method is proposed for extracting the linear birefringence (LB) and linear dichroism (LD) properties of an anisotropic optical sample using reflection-mode optical coherence tomography (OCT) and a hybrid Mueller matrix formalism. To ensure the accuracy of the extracted parameter values, a method is proposed for calibrating and compensating the polarization distortion effect induced by the beam splitters in the OCT system using a composite quarter-waveplate / half-waveplate / quarter-waveplate structure. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed by extracting the LB and LD properties of a quarter-wave plate and a defective polarizer. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the method proposed in this study represents the first reported attempt to utilize an inverse Mueller matrix formalism and a reflection-mode OCT structure to extract the LB and LD parameters of optically anisotropic samples.
Effect of Air Ion Supply on Quality of Lettuce during Storage (2008)

This study was conducted to determine the effects of air ion supply on the quality of commercial lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) during storage. Using positive and negative air ion generators, experiments were designated as high, medium, and low air ion dosage treatments corresponding to 1.0×106, 1.5×105, and 8.0×103 ions cm−3, respectively. At the low dosage of negative air ions, the water loss rate was significantly lower, and the chlorophyll content was significantly higher. No significant differences were observed in the ascorbic acid, saccharide, and organic acid contents among the air ion treatments. Exposure to different concentrations of positive and negative air ions did not appreciably affect the respiration rates in the leaves. Exposure to the low dosage of negative air ions seemed to have a positive effect on food preservation.
DMR networks for health emergency management: A case study (2011)

This paper illustrates the Digital Mobile Radio (DMR) technology for mission critical applications, and evaluates its performance against other professional mobile radio (PMR) standards, with a special focus on TETRA. We also describe the design of a practical DMR network, i.e. the radio system for the health emergency service in Sardinia (Italy), and we illustrate the advantages of migrating from analog to digital technology. Finally, we discuss the capabilities of DMR technology to provide the best solution for a wide regional emergency network with cost saving constraints.
Loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog expression correlates with clinicopathological features of non‐small cell lung cancer patients and its impact on survival: <scp>A</scp> systematic review and meta‐analysis (2017)

Loss of PTEN might play an unfavorable prognostic role for overall survival of non-small cell lung cancer patients, especially Asian or ADC patients.
Calculation of the Radial and Axial Diffusion Coefficient for a Hexagonal Lattice of a High-Temperature Reactor with Block Elements (1981)

A numerical method for the calculation of the radial and axial diffusion coefficient for the hexagonal lattice of a high-temperature reactor with block elements is developed. Results for a typical lattice are given and a comparison with the formulas of Behrens and Benoist is made. A modification of Benoist’s formulas for a tightly packed lattice that gives a better agreement with the numerical results is proposed.
Proposal for an Optical Laser Producing Light at Half the Josephson Frequency (2011)

We describe a superconducting device capable of producing laser light in the visible range at half of the Josephson generation frequency with the optical phase of the light locked to the superconducting phase difference. It consists of two single-level quantum dots embedded in a p-n semiconducting heterostructure and surrounded by a cavity supporting a resonant optical mode. We study decoherence and spontaneous switching in the device.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Silyl Enol Ethers with Activated Sulfoxides. (1988)

Abstract The silyl enol ethers (I) react with the sulfoxides (II) to give α‐sulfonio carbonyl compounds, which are isolated as their perchlorates (IV).
Applied hyperspectral LIDAR for monitoring fauna dispersal in aquatic environments (2016)

This thesis work has been focused on evaluation and further development of a hyperspectral LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) system made by Ljungholm et. al. [1] for monitoring of aquatic fauna, and in particular zooplankton. The project, which was a ”proof-of-concept”, showed the possibility to create a relatively compact and low-cost LIDAR with both spectral, temporal and range resolution. Experiments were developed with the help of the Department of Limnology, Lund University and performed with the LIDAR system. The dispersal rate of the zooplankton genus Daphnia in a water tank was measured, and was found to be largely dependent on background light and laser duty cycle of the LIDAR. The intrusive degree of the laser was determined to be large, since the zooplankton genus Daphnia was attracted to the laser light source, but reduced by employing a low duty cycle. The laser intensity stabilisation was ensured by a ramp time before each duty cycle. Range resolution measurements showed that the modelled resolution was not achieved, and this was determined to be due to defocusing and misalignment of the LIDAR system. The defocusing problem also lead to a weakening of the signal by approximately a factor 102, and artifacts were introduced on the detector. Measurements on the interaction kinetics between the Daphnia and the midge larvae Chaoborus were performed, and species distinction was made by labelling the diﬀerent species with diﬀerent dyes and recording the wavelength spectrum. No interaction statistics could be deduced from the results, mainly due to the inactivity of Chaoborus. However, the dyeing of the aquatic fauna using marker pens were shown to be an easy way to label diﬀerent species for spectral distinction. Lastly, 3D-scanning of a terrestrial plant was performed, with the aid of a simple robot acting as a whiskbroom LIDAR. The results were promising and the chlorophyll was readily distinguished from the branch, although the range resolution and uneven movement of the robot resulted in a relatively low image resolution.