gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 and Viral Replication by In Situ Hybridization in Primary Lymphoid Organs From Naturally and Experimentally Infected Pigs (2013)

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection is the cause of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). It has been speculated whether cell types permissive of replication are found in the primary lymphoid organs and whether infection of these tissues has an important role in the pathogenesis of PMWS. The aim of this study was to determine if primary lymphoid organ cells support viral replication during PCV2 infection. This was done by histopathological examination of thymus and bone marrow from pigs experimentally inoculated with PCV2 (n = 24), mock-infected pigs (n = 12), pigs naturally affected by PMWS (n = 33), and age-matched healthy control animals (n = 29). In situ hybridization (ISH) techniques were used to detect PCV2 nucleic acid irrespective of replicative status (complementary probe, CP) or to detect only the replicative form of the virus (replicative form probe, RFP). PCV2 was not detected in the experimentally PCV2-inoculated pigs or the control animals. Among the PMWS-affected pigs, 19 of 20 (95%) thymuses were positive for PCV2 by CP ISH, and 7 of 19 (37%) of these also supported viral replication. By CP ISH, PCV2 was detected in 16 of 33 (48%) bone marrow samples, and 5 of 16 (31%) of these also supported replication. The 2 ISH probes labeled the same cell types, which were histiocytes in both organs and lymphocytes in thymus. The RFP labeled fewer cells than the CP. Thus, PCV2 nucleic acids and replication were found in bone marrow and thymus of PMWS-affected pigs, but there was no evidence that primary lymphoid organ cells are major supporters of PCV2 replication.
Mechanism of the reaction catalyzed by staphylococcal nuclease: Identification of the rate-determining step (1993)

The hydrolysis of single-stranded DNA catalyzed by wild-type staphylococcal nuclease (SNase) and two mutants has been studied as a function of both pH and solvent viscosity. The kcat for wild-type SNase increases with pH; the slope of the plot of log kcat vs pH = 0.45 +/- 0.01. The dependence of kcat/Km on pH for wild-type SNase is biphasic with a break at pH approximately 8: for pH < or = 8, the plot of log kcat vs pH is linear with a slope = 1.20 +/- 0.06; for pH > or = 8, the slope = 0.00 +/- 0.04. The dependencies of both kcat and kcat/Km on solvent viscosity are also pH-dependent: below pH 7.3, both kinetic parameters are independent of solvent viscosity; above pH 7.3, both are inversely proportional to solvent viscosity. Thus, at pH 9.5, where SNase is routinely assayed, the rate-determining steps for both kcat and kcat/Km are external steps (product dissociation for kcat and substrate binding for kcat/Km) and not an internal step (e.g., hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bond). We have also studied the E43D mutant in which the putative active-site general basic catalyst Glu-43 is replaced with Asp. From pH 7.5 to pH 9.5, both log kcat and log (kcat/Km) are directly proportional to pH (slopes = 1.01 +/- 0.03 and 0.95 +/- 0.04, respectively) and independent of solvent viscosity. At pH 9.5, the rate-determining step is an internal step.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Андроген-зависимое влияние М-холинолитика метамизила на биоэлектрическую активность головного мозга (2006)

The results of investigation has shown, that after the gonadectomy frequency spectrum SP and the parameters of evoked potentials the power of Р1 positive component variated. After a unitary injection of Testosteron observed the tendency of regeneration of those changes that has been received after the gonadectomy. Authentic difference in metamizyl effect on parameters of spontaneous and evoked potentials of brain in intact and gonadectomized rabbits has been founded. These changes, possibly, are bound with disturbance of inhibitory and excitatory potentials balance in the steroid-sensitive neuron populations of investi-gated nucleus, as result of androgens deficiency in the brain after gonadectomy. The failure of androgens receptions in brain nuclei after gonadectomy invokes of modulation action of cholinergic system drug on bioelectric activity of steroid-sensitive brain neuronal populations and by that, causes change of their behavioral properties.
POLY 262 Interactions of biomolecules with inorganic materials: principles, applications and future prospects (2007)

In the search for new materials with desired functional properties and their processing technologies, scientists have focused on the sophistication exhibited by biological organisms in building materials structures as an inspirational source. This control is often a result of molecular interactions and recognition between biological molecules such as peptides and proteins and inorganic materials. We present a few examples of our current level of understanding of inorganic materials-biomolecule interactions from the biomineralization perspective and discuss the role that combinatorial approaches such as phage and cell display methods can play in identifying peptides that interact with a wide range of natural and non-natural mineral surfaces. In order to identify the rules that govern biomolecule-inorganic materials interactions at the molecular level, we have studied the effects of the structure and chemistry of inorganic materials on peptide binding. On the other hand, we have correlated the characteristics of inorganic materials generated in vitro in the presence of biomolecules with the chemical, physical and biological features of biomolecules. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations of biomolecules have been used to provide information on their conformations, solvent accessible surfaces and insights into the mechanisms underpinning the interactions with inorganic materials. It is believed that the results obtained will increase our understanding of biomolecule-inorganic mineral interactions and this knowledge will be utilised to develop novel functional materials and new synthetic approaches to such materials.
Microstructure and Property Assessment of Conventionally Cast and Directionally Solidified Buckets Refurbished After Long-Term Service (1998)

Conventionally cast GTD-111EA first stage buckets from GE Frame 5001P-NT engine after 42,000 hours of service, directionally solidified GTD-111DS Frame 5002C buckets after 49,000 hours of service, and conventionally cast IN-738 Frame 5002B buckets after 81,000 hours of service were evaluated before and after refurbishment. These buckets were coated with GT-29, GT-29 plus and RT-22 coatings respectively. Coating condition, microstructural degradation, tensile properties, and creep properties were evaluated in the service aged condition. Microstructure was assessed after the hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and solution heat treatment and again after the full refurbishment and recoating of the buckets. It was found that the GT-29 coating was breached 100% by oxidation in the 5001P engine after service. The GT-29 plus coating on the 5002C engine was breached very slightly and the majority of the coating was still in good condition. The RT-22 coating on the IN-738 bucket was stripped before it was received for evaluation at SwRI. Gamma prime growth, coalescence and agglomeration were found in all of the buckets. Continuous carbide network near the airfoil leading edge was found in the GTD-111EA bucket. Significant improvement in the microstructural condition was observed after the refurbishment for the GTD-111 buckets. However, the gamma prime morphology was not normal for the IN-738 bucket. Both tensile and creep properties of the GTD-111 buckets showed significant improvement after refurbishment. However, for the IN-738 bucket little improvement on the mechanical properties was observed. The reasons for this and the correlation between the microstructure and properties are discussed in this paper.
Rapid high-spatial-resolution imaging of buried landmines using ESPI (2004)

Recent work in acoustic landmine detection has shown that many landmines exhibit a multi-mode vibration pattern. To fully map the vibration pattern of these modes requires spatial resolutions on the order of millimeters. An optical technique that lends itself to such vibration sensing is an electronic speckle pattern interferometer (ESPI). In this work the double-pulse ESPI system has been used for the vibration measurement of the ground surface. The principle of method is based on recording two specklegrams of the object with two laser pulses synchronized with the vibration peak and the vibration valley respectively. The 2D vibration amplitude spatial distribution is obtained by subtracting two specklegrams and processing the received correlation fringe pattern. The experimental setup uses a mechanical shaker to excite vibrations in the ground to significantly increase the vibration amplitudes at the spot of interest and a laser Doppler vibrometer to detect the resonant frequency of the mine. Experimental results are presented from laboratory experiments. The spatial maps of the vibrating ground over buried antitank and antipersonnel landmines are studied. The effect of the vibration of a granular material like sand on the speckle decorrelation is discussed. This material is based upon work supported by the U. S. Army Communications-Electronics Command Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate under Contract DAAB15-02-C-0024.
Computational Studies of Polysiloxanes: Oxidation Potentials and Decomposition Reactions (2011)

Silicon-containing solvents have tremendous potential for application as electrolytes for electrical energy storage devices such as lithium-ion (air) batteries and supercapacitors. Quantum chemical methods were employed to investigate trends in oxidation potentials and decomposition reactions of a series of polysiloxanes. Various electron-donating and -withdrawing substituents can be used to tune the oxidation potential in shorter chain siloxanes but not in longer ones. Decomposition reactions of siloxanes in their oxidized states were investigated and compared against their carbon analogues. These studies suggest that the Si−O group provides added stability for siloxanes over their carbon analogues. Computational studies have also been performed for various disiloxanes and siloxanes with spacer groups to understand their thermochemical stability and oxidation potentials.
Enzymatic Mechanisms in Steroid Biochemistry (1965)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Determination of 3-Alkyl-2-methoxypyrazines in Lady Beetle-Infested Wine by Solid-Phase Microextraction Headspace Sampling (2008)

This study determined the concentration of 3-alkyl-2-methoxypyrazines in Frontenac and Leon Millot wines made from grapes that were naturally or artificially infested with the multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Headspace sampling with solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography (GC) was used for the quantification of 3-isopropyl-2-methoxypyrazine (IPMP), 3- sec-butyl-2-methoxypyrazine (SBMP), and 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine (IBMP). The resulting method parameters included linearity (r2 > 0.98), limit of detection (>0.25 ng/L), relative standard deviation (<20%), and recovery (75-125%). IPMP concentrations in wine were not significantly different among the levels of natural or artificial infestations of H. axyridis. SBMP was found only in wine artificially infested with H. axyridis. IBMP was found in wine artificially infested with H. axyridis and in Frontenac wine, but not in Leon Millot. The consequences of these results for future research in the contamination of wine with H. axyridis are discussed.
Construction of the prototype system for the chromatic image analysis using Color Distribution Entropy (2010)

In these days, a research on quality assessment using the image analysis has been widely carried out. In this study, the purpose is to construct the chromatic image acquisition system which enables us to grasp the accurate color of the targeted object under the standard diffused illuminant, and to carry out the color analysis by the CBIR technique for obtained chromatic image. As the CBIR technique, color image analysis using CDE (Color Distribution Entropy), CDE was applied. In order to verify the experimental image acquisition system, pearl was used as the glossy object. Image acquisition was made also for the objects both with and without gloss, and some agricultural materials. As a result, clear surface image was obtained for the object without gloss, and the surface image without gloss for the object with gloss. Since hue distribution of the peripheral part is different among three pearl images, the possibility of the quantitative rank evaluation was clarified. This phenomenon might be caused by the interference color of pearl. As a result of CBIR analysis using CDE on this image, the difference of the rank was quantitatively verified in the peripheral part.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ МИТОХОНДРИАЛЬНОЙ МЕДИЦИНЫ (2013)

Более 50 лет назад, после обнаружения первой патологии, связанной с дефектами митохондрий, было положено начало митохондриальной медицине. С тех пор число обнаруженных митохондриальных патологий превысило 100. Однако это число может быть существенно больше, если трактовать понятие митохондриальной медицины шире, включая в ряд этих патологий не только определяемые генетическим аппаратом митохондрий и ядра, но и приобретенные дефекты митохондрий негенетической природы. Основными проблемами митохондриологии на сегодняшний день являются методологические, связанные с тем, что превалирует изучение митохондриальной деятельности на моделях, далеких от реального функционирования митохондрий в клетке, органе и организме. Противоречивое поведение митохондрий в клетке («друзья и враги») в какой-то мере, вeроятно, обусловлено предполагаемым бактериальным происхождением митохондрий с возможным сохранением «эгоистических» начал, присущих бактериям. Видимо, для нормального функционирования митохондрий необходимо поддержание гомеостаза ряда митохондриальных элементов, таких как ДНК, мембранный потенциал и система проверки качества митохондрий. Нарушение этих элементов влечет за собой ряд патологий, являющихся предметом митохондриальной медицины. Обсуждается ряд подходов, направленных на терапию митохондриальных патологий.
Cycloadditionen mit <i>o</i>‐Benzochinon‐diiminen, III. Reaktionen von <i>N,N'</i>‐Diaroyl‐<i>o</i>‐benzochinon‐diiminen mit Fulvenen (1978)

Abstract N,N' ‐Diaroyl‐ o ‐benzochinon‐diimine 1 reagieren mit Fulvenen 2 in einer Diels‐Alder‐Reaktion mit inversem Elektronenbedarf unter Bildung von Cyclopenta[ b ]chinoxalinen 3 .
Reperfusion Rather than Ischemia Drives the Formation of Ubiquitin Aggregates After Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (2012)

The data demonstrate that reperfusion rather than ischemia leads to the appearance of ubiquitinated aggregates, which form in the absence of major tissue damage and are not correlated with decreased proteasomal peptidase activity. Ubiquitin aggregates may form in potentially viable brain tissue, which may be later recruited into infarction by factors independent of ubiquitination.
ChemInform Abstract: Approaches to the Assembly of the Antifungal Agent FR‐900848: Studies on Double Asymmetric Cyclopropanation and an X‐Ray Crystallographic Study of (1R,2R)‐1,2‐Bis‐((1S,2S)‐2‐methylcyclopropyl)‐1,2‐ethanediyl 3,5‐Dinitrobenzoate. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Video search engines (2010)

In this tutorial, we focus on the challenges in video search, present methods how to achieve state-of-the-art performance, and indicate how to obtain improvements in the near future. Moreover, we give an overview of the latest developments and future trends in the field on the basis of the TRECVID competition - the leading competition for video search engines run by NIST - where we have achieved consistent top performance over the years, including the 2008 and 2009 editions.
Phase unwrapping for large SAR interferograms: statistical segmentation and generalized network models (2002)

Two-dimensional (2-D) phase unwrapping is a key step in the analysis of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data. While challenging even in the best of circumstances, this problem poses unique difficulties when the dimensions of the interferometric input data exceed the limits of one's computational capabilities. In order to deal with such cases, we propose a technique for applying the statistical-cost, network-flow phase-unwrapping algorithm (SNAPHU) of Chen and Zebker (2001) to large datasets. Specifically, we introduce a methodology whereby a large interferogram is partitioned into a set of several smaller tiles that are unwrapped individually and then divided further into independent, irregularly shaped reliable regions. These regions are subsequently assembled into a full unwrapped solution, with the phase offsets between regions computed in a secondary optimization problem whose objective is to maximize the a posteriori probability of the final solution. As this secondary problem assumes the same statistical models as employed in the initial tile-unwrapping stage, the technique results in a solution that approximates the solution that would have been obtained had the full-size interferogram been unwrapped as a single piece. The secondary problem is framed in terms of network-flow ideas, allowing the use of an existing nonlinear solver. Applying the algorithm to a large topographic interferogram acquired over central Alaska, we find that the technique is less prone to unwrapping artifacts than more simple tiling approaches.
Elucidating potential virulence factors in Fusobacterium nucleatum (2016)

Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) is a strictly anaerobic, Gram negative bacterial species that has been implicated in multiple clinical pathologies including periodontal disease, inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer (CRC). The species is unusual in its phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity, with some strains demonstrating a more virulent phenotype than others; however, the genetic basis for these differences and the association of any particular subspecies of Fn with disease has not yet been proven. With the recent confirmation of the Fusobacterium sequence enrichment in colorectal carcinomas, the characterization of cultured Fn isolates from CRC biopsies was warranted. Fn strains were isolated from human intestinal mucosal biopsies and were phenotypically and genetically analyzed. The invasive, inflammatory potential of Fn in vitro was also assessed. There was extensive variability between the phenotypic, invasive and inflammatory potentials of 8 different CRC-derived Fn strains. Further genetic characterization showed the prevalence of a class of genes of unknown function containing MORN2-domains that were expanded in Fusobacterium spp. known to be highly invasive. Proteins containing MORN2-domains are predicted to be surface-associated and as such may play a role in enabling host cell adherence and invasion by fusobacterial species. In addition, the presence of bacteriophages in Fn strains were also predicted to explain the genomic heterogeneity between Fn strains especially in relation to adherence and invasion. These predictions prompted the exploration of the Fn transcriptome for the purpose of determining the proteins that govern adherence and subsequent invasion of the bacteria into host cells. Going forward, RNA-seq will be used as a tool to help unravel the mechanisms of Fusobacterium pathogenesis. Continuing research in this area will enable the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for the detection and treatment of Fusobacterium-associated diseases.
Hot Flow Model of the Vortex Cold Wall Liquid Rocket (2004)

This study details the reactive flow simulation of the NASA sponsored cold wall bidirectional vortex chamber (CWBVC). The main features of the CWBVC are discussed in a former article in which the flow was treated as incompressible (see Fang, D., Majdalani, J., and Chiaverini, M. J., “Simulation of the Cold Wall Swirl Driven Combustion Chamber,” AIAA Paper 2003-5055, July 2003). The current reactive flow model is based on a two-stage, choked nozzle approach. Knowing that the nozzle is choked at the throat under normal operation, the CWBVC chamber is decomposed into two parts: the first part extends from the head end to the nozzle throat while the second extends from the throat to the nozzle exit plane. In the first simulation stage, the incompressible flow model is applied with the divergent part of the nozzle truncated out. In the second stage, compressibility is superimposed starting with the output from Stage I. This two-stage simulation reduces CPU time and helps to achieve convergence of the compressible, reactive flow model. Our simulations rely on a commercial CFD solver to handle the steady-state, three-dimensional, Navier-Stokes equations. Specifically, we employ a 3D, segregated, implicit, absolute scheme in conjunction with the realizable κ e − turbulence model of Launder and Spalding. Reaction mechanisms are simulated using the non-premixed combustion model with the adiabatic PDF look-up tables. The eight conventional chemical species are used in simulating hydrogen-oxygen combustion; these include: 2 O 2 2 2 2 2 and . At the conclusion of the reactive flow simulation, the existence of a bidirectional flow is demonstrated and the spatial invariance of the so-called mantle (that separates inner and outer vortex regions) is discussed. The cold wall effect is clearly extrapolated from the temperature maps over the combustion chamber wall. At the nozzle exit, shock waves are detected due to over-expansion. , H , H O, HO , H O , O, H OH
TGF‐β Affects Enterocyte Turnover in Correlation With TGF‐β Receptor Expression After Massive Small Bowel Resection (2012)

In a rat model of SBS, the inhibiting effect of TGF-β2 on enterocyte turnover correlates with TGF-β2 receptor expression along the villus-crypt axis.
416. Infrared absorption of substituents in aromatic systems. Part II. Acylamino-compounds (1959)

A. R. Katritzky and R. A. Jones, J. Chem. Soc., 1959, 2067 DOI: 10.1039/JR9590002067
Capital Punishment in Canada: A Sociological Study of Repressive Law (1977)

Chandler has thoroughly researched the Canadian context of the recurring and often emotional discussion of capital punishment.
Regulation of T cell homeostasis by JAKs and STATs (2007)

Regulation of T cell homeostasis is critical for maintaining normal immune function. An imbalance in T cell proliferation can result in disorders ranging from cancer and autoimmunity to immunodeficiencies. Full activation of T cells requires three sequential signals, where signal 3, which is delivered by multiple cytokines, regulates proliferation, differentiation, and survival/death. Signaling from cytokines through their receptors is primarily delivered by two molecular families, namely Janus tyrosine kinases (JAKs) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs). Invaluable knowledge about JAKs and STATs has arisen from studies of mice made genetically deficient in these molecules, analyses of tumor models, and studies of expression patterns by proteomics/genomics, which all have begun to define the role of JAKs and STATs in survival versus apoptosis. These findings also have suggested ways in which JAKs and STATs may be manipulated for therapeutic intervention in lymphoid-derived diseases. This review seeks to focus on the role of JAK tyrosine kinases and STAT transcription factors in mediating the lymphocyte life cycle and how they might be manipulated for therapeutic applications.