gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MEMBRANE PACKING PROBLEMS: A SHORT REVIEW ON COMPUTATIONAL MEMBRANE MODELING METHODS AND TOOLS (2013)

The use of model membranes is currently part of the daily workflow for many biochemical and biophysical disciplines. These membranes are used to analyze the behavior of small substances, to simulate transport processes, to study the structure of macromolecules or for illustrative purposes. But, how can these membrane structures be generated? This mini review discusses a number of ways to obtain these structures. First, the problem will be formulated as the Membrane Packing Problem. It will be shown that the theoretical problem of placing proteins and lipids onto a membrane area differ significantly. Thus, two sub-problems will be defined and discussed. Then, different - partly historical - membrane modeling methods will be introduced. And finally, membrane modeling tools will be evaluated which are able to semi-automatically generate these model membranes and thus, drastically accelerate and simplify the membrane generation process. The mini review concludes with advice about which tool is appropriate for which application case.
Organotin Polymers (2005)

There are more organotin compounds used industrially than any other organometallic. There are also more organotin employed industrially than any other organometal-containing polymer. This topic of organotin-containing polymers is reviewed and includes tin incorporated in the polymer backbone, included as side-chains, and within copolymers. The biological activity is reviewed emphasizing their use as antifouling and antibacterial agents. The basics or organotin chemistry is also described.
Electric field-controlled ferroelectric-superconductor structures with memory (1993)

Abstract Ferroelectric-superconductor multilayer structures afford new opportunities for ferroelectric microelectronics applications. In this paper we consider ferroelectric residual polarization effect on 2D conductivity in the cases of planar Josephson junction with semiconductor layer and ultrathin superconductor film under the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition conditions. Two novel ferroelectric FET-type memory devices are proposed, and the possibility of their use into logic circuits is analyzed.
Amorphous CoSm thin films: A new material for high density longitudinal recording (1984)

Amorphous thin films of Sm <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">100-x</inf> Co <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">75 < x < 90</tex> ) were prepared by vacuum deposition in a magnetic field. The preparation conditions and magnetic properties are described. The films exhibit a pronounced uniaxial anisotropy in the film plane with a rectangular shaped hysteresis loop. The magnetization and coercivity are mainly determined by composition. With increasing Sm content the coercivity increases from 30 to 100 kA/m. The magnetization reversal is studied by the angular dependence of the hysteresis properties and by domain observations indicating a nonuniform reversal process. The recording performance measured on 5-in disks shows an improvement in recording density and signal-to-noise ratio compared to traditional longitudinal recording media.
Personal values, business ethics and strategic development (1999)

Defines ethics and examines the controversy surrounding teaching ethics in business schools. Traces the link between personal values and business schools, and discusses strategies for developing and maintaining ethical businesses.
A Clarification of Spectral Characterization Units for Quantum Detectors and Emitters (1968)

Methods of spectrally characterizing radiant energy are intercompared. For quantum devices the advantages of spectral characterizations in terms of quanta per second and energy per quanta are presented. These are expanded into the concepts of optical currents and voltages. A new terminology for a volt per quantum, a planck, is proposed.
Corporate Viewpoints—Interviews with Top Managers: Interview With Herman Krawitz (1971)

Interview with Herman Krawitz. Born in New York and educated at City College (where he majored in philosophy), HERMAN KRAWITZ spent the first five years of his professional career building and managing summer theatres. In the fall of 1958 he came to the Metropolitan with a three-week contract as a consultant on stage production and labor problems and stayed on to become one of Rudolf Bing's most valued assistants. In addition to his duties at the Metropolitan, Mr. Krawitz commutes two days a week to Yale University where, in the Graduate School of Drama, he teaches courses and holds seminars in professional theatre problems.
Effects of Inhaled Furosemide on Exertional Dyspnea in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2004)

Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of inhaled furosemide on the sensation of dyspnea produced during exercise in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In a double-blind, randomized, crossover study we compared the effect of inhaled furosemide on dyspneic sensation during exercise testing with that of placebo. Spirometry and incremental and constant-load exercise testing were performed after inhalation of placebo or furosemide on 2 separate days in 19 patients with moderate or severe COPD. Subjects were asked to rate their sensation of respiratory discomfort using a 100-mm visual analog scale. There was significant improvement in mean FEV1 and FVC after inhalation of furosemide (p = 0.038 and 0.005, respectively) but not after placebo. At standardized exercise time during constant-load exercise testing but not during incremental exercise, the mean dyspneic visual analog scale score was lower after inhalation of furosemide compared with placebo (33.7 ± 25.2 vs. 42.4 ± 24.0 mm, respectively, p = 0.014). We conclude that inhalation of furosemide alleviates the sensation of dyspnea induced by constant-load exercise testing in patients with COPD and that there is significant bronchodilation after inhalation of furosemide compared with placebo in these patients.
Topodermatographic image analysis for melanoma screening and the quantitative assessment of tumor dimension parameters of the skin (1995)

Topodermatographic image analysis helps to optimize screening and follow-up procedures for patients with melanoma and populations at risk for melanoma. In addition, metastatic tumor lesions on the skin can be monitored dynamically, facilitating the accurate evaluation of the impact of systemic therapy on multiple skin deposits from melanoma and nonmelanoma cancers.
Relationship Between Azalea Bud Morphology and Effectiveness of Methyl Decanoate, a Chemical Pinching Agent1 (1970)

Abstract Tests in which tips of outer enclosing leaves of vegetative azalea buds were dipped in 4.2% methyl decanoate emulsion indicated that the pinching agent does not translocate in sufficient quantity to kill the meristem. Direct contact must be achieved. A morphological comparison of the vegetative buds of an azalea cultivar responding poorly, ‘White Gish’, and one responding readily, ‘Coral Bells’, to pinching agents indicated that the former has (1) an abnormally long enclosing sheath of leaves and (2) a greater number of trichomes per unit area of leaf surface within the sheath. Both factors can contribute to a reduction in the movement of pinching agent to the meristematic tissue. A comparative study of vegetative and reproductive buds of the azalea cultivar, ‘Red Wing’, gives an account of the reduced effectiveness of pinching agents in reproductive buds. In the young reproductive bud a greater number of leaf primordia layers and in the older reproductive bud the presence of a thick cuticle on the outer scales as well as the presence of numerous closely overlapping scales reduces penetration of the pinching agent emulsion.
Computer-Vision-Based Fabric Defect Detection: A Survey (2008)

The investment in an automated fabric defect detection system is more than economical when reduction in labor cost and associated benefits are considered. The development of a fully automated web inspection system requires robust and efficient fabric defect detection algorithms. The inspection of real fabric defects is particularly challenging due to the large number of fabric defect classes, which are characterized by their vagueness and ambiguity. Numerous techniques have been developed to detect fabric defects and the purpose of this paper is to categorize and/or describe these algorithms. This paper attempts to present the first survey on fabric defect detection techniques presented in about 160 references. Categorization of fabric defect detection techniques is useful in evaluating the qualities of identified features. The characterization of real fabric surfaces using their structure and primitive set has not yet been successful. Therefore, on the basis of the nature of features from the fabric surfaces, the proposed approaches have been characterized into three categories; statistical, spectral and model-based. In order to evaluate the state-of-the-art, the limitations of several promising techniques are identified and performances are analyzed in the context of their demonstrated results and intended application. The conclusions from this paper also suggest that the combination of statistical, spectral and model-based approaches can give better results than any single approach, and is suggested for further research.
The PDX-1 Activation Domain Provides Specific Functions Necessary for Transcriptional Stimulation in Pancreatic β-Cells (2000)

PDX-1 is a homeodomain transcription factor whose targeted disruption results in a failure of the pancreas to develop. Mutations in the human pdx-1 gene are linked to an early onset form of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. PDX-1 binds to and transactivates the promoters of several physiologically relevant genes within the beta-cell, including insulin, glucose transporter 2, glucokinase, and islet amyloid polypeptide. This study focuses on the mechanisms by which PDX-1 activates insulin gene transcription. To evaluate the role of PDX-1 in transcription of the insulin gene, a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter construct was designed with a single yeast GAL4-DNA binding site in place of the A3/PDX-1 binding element in the rat insulin II enhancer. In the presence of GAL4:PDX chimeras containing N-terminal transactivation domain sequences, this GAL4-substituted insulin construct was active in PDX-1-expressing beta-cells and not non-beta-cells. PDX-1 activation was mediated through three highly conserved segments of the transactivation domain. In addition, when cotransfected together with the GAL4-substituted insulin enhancer reporter gene in glucose-responsive MIN-6 beta-cells, glucose-induced activation is observed with GAL4:PDX-1 but not with fusions of the heterologous activation domains from herpes virus VP16 or adenovirus-5 E1A proteins. Using A3 element-substituted GAL4 insulin enhancer reporter constructs containing mutations in two additional key control elements, E1 and C1, we also show that full activation requires cooperative interactions between other enhancer-bound factors, particularly the E1 element activators. In contrast, the activity of the VP16 activation factor was not dependent on the activators of either the E1 or C1 sites. These results suggest that the PDX-1 transactivation domain is specifically required for appropriate regulation of insulin enhancer function in beta-cells.
Diagnosis and management of catheter‐related bloodstream infections due to <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2005)

Intravenous catheters are essential to modern medical care but frequently cause complications, the most important of which is infection, commonly due to Staphylococcus aureus. It is estimated at least 3000 episodes of catheter-related bloodstream infection occur annually in Australia, and 9% to 25% of patients with such infections die. Infection rates vary depending on the type of device, with the lowest rates associated with peripherally inserted central catheters and highest rates with haemodialysis catheters. In febrile patients, the presence of an intravenous catheter should always prompt consideration of whether the line is the source, even if there is no exit site inflammation. If catheter-related infection appears likely, the line should be removed if possible. Either peripheral and line tip cultures, or timed cultures of blood drawn peripherally and through the line, should be taken. Empirical antibiotics should be aimed at S. aureus and aerobic Gram-negative organisms, and blood cultures should be repeated at 72 h. If S. aureus is grown, cure requires removal of the catheter, at least 14 days of parenteral therapy, and consideration of echocardiography (preferably transoesophageal). If the patient remains febrile for >72 h, blood cultures at 72 h grow S. aureus, or there is a prosthetic heart valve, the risk of endocarditis is high and 6 weeks of parenteral therapy should be given. Prevention requires an organized system of surveillance, with a strict policy on insertion of central lines in controlled conditions and regimented catheter care. The role of impregnated catheters in prevention remains controversial.
Modelling olanzapine-induced weight gain in rats (2013)

The second-generation antipsychotic drug olanzapine has become a widely prescribed drug in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Unfortunately, its therapeutic benefits are partly outweighed by significant weight gain and other metabolic side effects, which increase the risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Because olanzapine remains superior to other antipsychotic drugs that show less weight gain liability, insight into the mechanisms responsible for olanzapine-induced weight gain is crucial if it is to be effectively addressed. Over the past few decades, several groups have investigated the effects of olanzapine on energy balance using rat models. Unfortunately, results from different studies have not always been consistent and it remains to be determined which paradigms should be used in order to model olanzapine-induced weight gain most accurately. This review summarizes the effects of olanzapine on energy balance observed in different rat models and discusses some of the factors that appear to contribute to the inconsistencies in observed effects. In addition it compares the effects reported in rats with clinical findings to determine the predictive validity of different paradigms.
Asymmetric induction in 19-norsteroid total synthesis (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric induction in 19-norsteroid total synthesisNoal CohenCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1976, 9, 11, 412–417Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar50107a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ar50107a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views480Altmetric-Citations85LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Event extraction in a plot advice agent (2006)

In this paper we present how the automatic extraction of events from text can be used to both classify narrative texts according to plot quality and produce advice in an interactive learning environment intended to help students with story writing. We focus on the story rewriting task, in which an exemplar story is read to the students and the students rewrite the story in their own words. The system automatically extracts events from the raw text, formalized as a sequence of temporally ordered predicate-arguments. These events are given to a machine-learner that produces a coarse-grained rating of the story. The results of the machine-learner and the extracted events are then used to generate fine-grained advice for the students.
Identification and Characterization of a Nuclease Specific for the 3′ End of the U6 Small Nuclear RNA (1997)

The U6 small nuclear RNA is post-transcriptionally processed by the addition and removal of nontemplate uridylates (Us) at its 3' end prior to incorporation into the U4 x U6 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex. An enzyme responsible for removing Us from the U6 3' end has not been previously identified. Here we biochemically isolate and characterize an exonuclease activity from HeLa cells that removes template and nontemplate 3'-nucleotides specifically from U6 RNA. We also report the isolation of an inhibitor of this U6 nuclease. U6 nuclease rapidly removes the four terminal 3' Us found in the human U6 coding sequence in a magnesium-dependent manner. Mutagenesis studies on the U6 RNA define regions essential for processing. U6 nuclease recognizes specific sequences on both strands near the base of the major intramolecular stem loop of the U6 RNA. The preprocessed 3' Us form part of the base of the stem loop, but neither specific sequences nor secondary structure at the four terminal nucleotides are required to achieve processing.
Synthesis of Novel Functionalized<i>gem</i>-Bisphosphonates (1991)

Michael-type addition of carbanions to tetraethyl ethylidenebisphosphonate affords functionalized gem-bisphosphonates, which are potentially useful in the therapy of bone tissues.
Multimodal Identity Tracking in a Smartroom (2006)

The automatic detection, tracking, and identification of multiple people in intelligent environments is an important building block on which smart interaction systems can be designed. Those could be, e.g. gesture recognizers, head pose estimators or far field speech recognizers and dialog systems.In this paper, we present a system which is capable of tracking multiple people in a smartroom environment while infering their identities in a completely automatic and unobtrusive way. It relies on a set of fixed and active cameras to track the users and get closeups of their faces for identification, and on several microphone arrays to determine active speakers and steer the attention of the system. Information coming asynchronously from several sources, such as position updates from audio or visual trackers and identification events from identification modules, is fused at higher level to gradually refine the room’s situation model. The system has been trained on a small set of users and showed good performance at acquiring and keeping their identities in a smart room environment.
A double-blind study on the efficacy of oral dapsone in cutaneous leishmaniasis (1991)

One hundred and twenty patients with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis were randomly allocated to receive tablets of dapsone (100 mg) or matching placebo tablets every 12 h for 6 weeks. No topical medication was used. Demonstration of Leishmania from skin lesions by the slit smear technique was mandatory for inclusion. Before, periodically during, and one month after completion of therapy an overall clinical assessment, haemoglobin determination, leucocyte count, and liver function tests were performed. 49 patients (82%) of those receiving dapsone were assessed as cured by clinical and parasitological criteria. Oral dapsone has certain advantages over other current forms of treatment: it is economical and widely available in countries where cutaneous leishmaniasis is common, and it is effective by mouth and well tolerated.
Analysis of Web Access Sequence Based on the Improved Prefix Span Algorithm (2015)

PrefixSpan is an important algorithm for sequential pattern mining algorithm, but it's projected database cost more redundant memory and scan-time, so this paper present an improved PrefixSpan algorithm(IPS) which is based on PrefixSpan. IPS decreases the redundant memory and scan-time by abnegating the non-frequent items and projection database which sequential number is lower than minimum support. This paper applied IPS to web access sequence mining, by mining the web access records database to find frequent access sequence to provide reasonable suggestions for Web building. ' ' 2 ' 1 , , m
Comparison of Normalization Methods for Construction of Large, Multiplex Amplicon Pools for Next-Generation Sequencing (2010)

Constructing mixtures of tagged or bar-coded DNAs for sequencing is an important requirement for the efficient use of next-generation sequencers in applications where limited sequence data are required per sample. There are many applications in which next-generation sequencing can be used effectively to sequence large mixed samples; an example is the characterization of microbial communities where <or=1,000 sequences per samples are adequate to address research questions. Thus, it is possible to examine hundreds to thousands of samples per run on massively parallel next-generation sequencers. However, the cost savings for efficient utilization of sequence capacity is realized only if the production and management costs associated with construction of multiplex pools are also scalable. One critical step in multiplex pool construction is the normalization process, whereby equimolar amounts of each amplicon are mixed. Here we compare three approaches (spectroscopy, size-restricted spectroscopy, and quantitative binding) for normalization of large, multiplex amplicon pools for performance and efficiency. We found that the quantitative binding approach was superior and represents an efficient scalable process for construction of very large, multiplex pools with hundreds and perhaps thousands of individual amplicons included. We demonstrate the increased sequence diversity identified with higher throughput. Massively parallel sequencing can dramatically accelerate microbial ecology studies by allowing appropriate replication of sequence acquisition to account for temporal and spatial variations. Further, population studies to examine genetic variation, which require even lower levels of sequencing, should be possible where thousands of individual bar-coded amplicons are examined in parallel.