gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geometrically uniform TCM codes over groups based on L×MPSK constellations (1994)

The theory of geometrically uniform signal sets and codes over groups is applied to the case of LxMPSK constellations. Conditions for rotational invariance of group codes are discussed. The tables of geometrically uniform partitions recently found in [l] are used to construct good geometrically uniform trellis codes over nonbinary Abelian groups. We consider Lx4PSK and Lx8PSK constellations used to transmit information rates of 1 and 2 bitltwo dimensions, res ectively, and present tables of good codes. In most cases, they improve the tables of codes known so far. Moreover, the geometrical uniformity of codes allows a very easy performance evaluation, so that we also present a complete set of curves of error event probability for the obtained codes.
Phase-sensitive OTDR system based on digital coherent detection (2011)

The digital coherent detection method is employed into the φ-OTDR. The heterodyne detection offers very high optical gain while the digital signal processing serves as an effective tool to rebuild the instantaneous electric field of Rayleigh scattering light by analyzing the beating signal. Both amplitude and phase signal are obtained in our experiment. PZT vibration measurement verifies that the phase difference signal well represents the external perturbation signal and also with higher SNR. The proposed newφ-OTDR system shows a good application foreground in the area of distributed vibration measurement.
Design and Simulation of AlN-based MEMS Acoustic Sensor for High SPL Measurement (2014)

The paper presents the design and simulation of both AlN-based and ZnO-based MEMS acoustic sensor for high SPL (120–180 dB) over a wide frequency range (30 Hz to 8 KHz) using COMSOL multiphysics. The sensor structure consists of a 25 μm-thick Silicon diaphragm loaded with a piezoelectric layer (of 3 μm thickness) sandwiched between two Al electrodes. The comparison of both piezoelectric materials based sensor was performed. The simulated result shows the wide bandwidth and high resonant frequency for AlN-based acoustic sensor (43 KHz) in comparison to ZnO-based MEMS acoustic sensor (39 KHz). The sensitivity of the designed AlN-based acoustic sensor was found to be 293μV/Pa.
Densification Characteristics of Corn Cobs (2008)

Corn cobs are potential feedstocks for producing heat, power, fuels, and chemicals. Densification of corn cobs into briquettes/pellets would improve their bulk handling, transportation, and storage properties. In this study, densification characteristics of corn cobs were studied using a uniaxial piston-cylinder densification apparatus. With a maximum compression pressure of 150 MPa, effects of moisture content (10 and 20% w.b.), particle size (0.85 and 2.81 mm), and preheating temperature (25 and 85C) on the density and durability of the corn cob briquettes were studied. The diameter of the corn cob briquettes was about 19.0 mm. It was found that the durability (measured using ASABE tumbling can method) of corn cob briquettes made at 25C was zero percent. At both particle sizes, preheating of corn cob grinds with about 10% (w.b.) moisture content to 85C produced high density (unit briquette density of >1100 kg m-3) and durable (about 90%) briquettes from corn cobs. Improved binding of corn cob particles due to preheating to 85C was due to the activation (softening) of natural binders such as lignin, starch, and protein in the corn cobs at the elevated temperature of 85C.
An improved V-BLAST receiver based on reliability normalization (2005)

We present an improved V-BLAST receiver that cancels co-channel interference (CCI), based on reliability normalization over frequency-selective channels, in the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) sense. The performance has been evaluated in the exponential decay channel model with various normalized rms delay spreads and different filter taps. It is also compared with the ordered successive interference cancellation-decision feedback equalizer (OSIC-DFE). Simulation results show that the proposed receiver outperforms the OSIC-DFE, especially when the filter taps are short.
Hyperscums and the population dynamics of <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i> (1990)

Conceptual models, based on 7 years of data, are constructed to simulate the annual cycle and population dynamics of Microcystis aeruginosa in hypertrophic, warm monomictic Hartbees-poort Dam, South Africa in order to assess the role of hyperscum formation. In Hartbeespoort Dam the large summer planktonic population (mean epilimnion biovolumes of 20–50 mm 3 I −1 ) and the low wind speed resulted in the formation of hyperscums (thick, crusted accumulations of floating cyanobacteria at wind-protected sites) containing up to 50% of the total standing crop for 2–3 months in 4 out of 5 years. In years in which hyperscums formed the post-maximal summer population maintained itself throughout autumn and into late winter before declining to the annual nadir (>1000 cells ml −1 ). When hyperscums did not form, or were artificially removed, the population fell to similarly low levels as early as May (autumn) and remained small until the spring growth phase began. Microcystis cells decompose in the upper layers of a hyperscum, but this is not a major loss to the planktonic population. Hyperscums are refuges which help maintain large planktonic standing crops during winter when growth is not possible but have no effect on the long-term (perennial) survival of Microcystis .
N-glycosylation status of β-haptoglobin in sera of patients with prostate cancer vs. benign prostate diseases (2009)

N-glycosylation status of purified beta-haptoglobin separated from sera of patients with prostate cancer was studied in comparison to that of sera from patients with benign prostate diseases, or normal subjects. Two different approaches, as summarized below, one based on binding of lectins and antibodies to beta-haptoglobin, the other on mass spectrometry of released N-linked glycans from beta-haptoglobin, were performed. Some of the results were useful for distinction of prostate cancer vs. benign prostate diseases. i) Binding of Phaseolus vulgaris-L lectin (PHA-L), defining the GlcNAcbeta6Manalpha6Man side chain present in tri- or tetra-antennary N-linked glycans, to beta-haptoglobin was higher for cases of prostate cancer and high-grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia than for benign diseases. Binding of Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL) defining Fucalpha3-, alpha4-, or alpha6-GlcNAc, or monoclonal antibody directed to sialyl-Le(x), to beta-haptoglobin was also higher for some of the cancer cases than for benign diseases. Many other lectins and antibodies showed no binding to beta-haptoglobin, or showed no significant difference between cancer vs. benign diseases. ii) Mass spectrometric analysis of N-linked glycans of beta-haptoglobin released by Peptide N-glycosidase-F showed enhanced expression of monosialyl tri-antennary structures in prostate cancer cases. Thus, binding of PHA-L to affinity-purified beta-haptoglobin from sera of patients could lead to development of useful tools for differential diagnosis of prostate cancer vs. benign prostate diseases.
Radial and axial water transport in the sugar beet storage root (1999)

To evaluate the contribution of transcellular, apoplastic and symplastic pathways to water movements, horizontal (axial pathway) and vertical (radial pathway) sugar beet root (Beta vulgaris L.) slices were studied. Volume flows (Jv) were measured under hydrostatic and/or osmotic gradients, using a computer-based data-acquisition system. When tissues were tested under hydrostatic gradients (0.3 MPa m−1) a much more important permeability was observed in the axial pathway, as compared with the radial one. Negative pressure gradients (tensions) were as effective as positive ones in inducing a net water movement. After the establishment of a concentration gradient in the radial pathway (obtained by adding 300 M m−3 mannitol to the employed solution) an osmotic flux, sensitive to HgCl2, was observed. The inhibitory effect of mercurial compounds was reversed by β-mercaptoethanol while [14C] mannitol unidirectional fluxes were not affected by mercurial agents. In the axial pathway, the presence of a mannitol gradient did not develop a sustained osmotic flux. After an initial Jv in the expected direction, the Jv reversed and moved in the opposite way. It is concluded that, in the sugar beet root, water channels play a significant role in water transfers in the radial pathway. On the other side, water and solutes are transported by a hydrostatic gradient in the xylem vessels. In general, these results extend and adapt to a storage root the 'composite transport model' first proposed by Steudle et al.
Increased heart rate and energy expenditure in frontotemporal dementia (2016)

This scientific commentary refers to ‘Energy expenditure in frontotemporal dementia: a behavioural and imaging study’ by Ahmed et al . (doi:10.1093/aww263) .

The obesity paradox, whereby being overweight or obese during mid-life is associated with higher rates of dementia in later life, while low body mass index (BMI) in older populations is associated with a higher risk of dementia, has been demonstrated in multiple studies of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (Fitzpatrick et al. , 2009). In another neurodegenerative disorder, frontotemporal dementia (FTD), classic descriptions suggest a different pattern, specifically weight gain with disease onset due to hyperphagia and increased sweet intake. However, BMI has not been found to correlate with food intake in FTD, raising the possibility of altered metabolism in patients with FTD (Ahmed et al. , 2016). In this issue of Brain , Ahmed et al. test this hypothesis by measuring activity levels and heart rate to characterize energy expenditure in patients with FTD (Ahmed et al. , 2016). They conclude that resting and total energy expenditure are increased in FTD, suggesting that the basal metabolic rate in patients with FTD may be altered as a part of the disease.

A relationship between BMI, metabolism and several neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is now generally established, though the complex pathways mediating these associations …
Low Temperature Oxidation of Solid Ferrous Sulfate Heptahydrate with Oxygen in the Presence of Solid Calcium Hydroxide (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLow Temperature Oxidation of Solid Ferrous Sulfate Heptahydrate with Oxygen in the Presence of Solid Calcium HydroxideEdwin Roig, J. Fred Hazel, and Wallace M. McNabbCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 8, 1874–1876Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01541a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01541a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views105Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Surface studies of tetraalkylammonium bromides and iodides using atomic force microscopy (1994)

Abstract The surface structures of two series of tetra‐ n ‐alkylammonium halides, N( C x H 2×+1)4 I and N(C x H 2x+1)4 Br have been investigated with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and compared to hexatriacontane (C 36 H 74 ). The surfaces could be imaged with atomic resolution. The observed primitive, square surface‐patterns of tetra‐ n ‐butyl chloride and bromide are in good accord with x‐ray single‐crystal structure. For n > 4, x‐ray powder diffraction showed that increasing the alkyl chain‐length leads mainly to an appropriate increase of the unit cell along the c ‐axis, which suggests similar layer structures for all long‐chain salts beyond the butyl homologue. Within the centers of the molecular layers of these crystals reside the halide anions and the quaternary nitrogens. The surfaces accessible for AFM consist of methyl end‐groups. As the number of carbon atoms increases beyond four, the surface symmetry changes to the face‐centered square patterns characteristic of many paraffins. The chains of the tetraalkyl ammonium salts pack, however, less dense than paraffins. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Development of a New Downsized Airbag System for Use in Passenger Vehicles (1994)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">An issue placing significant pressure on airbag systems development at the current time is the need to downsize the entire airbag module in order to reduce weight and cost, offer better styling options for automotive original-equipment manufacturer (OEM) design engineers, and improve occupant safety. However, because components of the module are interrelated - both functionally and physically - size and weight reductions necessitate a total systems approach to engineering.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper will discuss an integrated approach to airbag systems design and will describe new airbag systems that offer significant weight and size reductions over current configurations.</div>
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of (Z)‐3‐Arylidene‐2,3‐dihydro‐5H‐1,4‐benzodioxepin‐5‐ones and (Z)‐3‐Arylidene‐1,2,3,5‐tetrahydro‐4,1‐benzoxazepin‐5‐ones Through Palladium—Copper Catalysis. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Review of 18F-FDG synthesis and quality control (2006)

This review article covers a concise account on fludeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) synthesis and quality control procedures with emphasis on practical synthesis Currently, (18)F-FDG is the most successful PET radiopharmaceutical so far. The advancement in synthesis and quality control of (18)F-FDG, together with its approval by the US FDA and the availability of reimbursement, are probably the main reasons for the flourish of clinical PET over the last 20 years. (18)F-FDG can be synthesised by either electrophilic fluorination or nucleophilic fluorination reaction. Nucleophilic fluorination using mannose triflate as precursor and Kryptofix or tetrabutylammonium salts (TBA) is widely used because of higher yield and shorter reaction time. The quality control requirements of (18)F-FDG can be found in United States Pharmacopeia (USP), British Pharmacopeia (BP), European Pharmacopeia (EP) and the Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls (CMC) section from United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) PET draft guidance documents. Basic requirements include radionuclidic identity, radiochemical purity, chemical purity, pH, residual solvent, sterility, and bacterial endotoxin level. Some of these tests (sterility, endotoxins and radionuclidic purity) can be finished after the (18)F-FDG has been released. Although USP, BP and EP do not require filter membrane integrity test, many laboratories perform this test as an indirect evident of the product sterility. It is also interesting to note that there are major differences in (18)F-FDG quality requirements among USP, BP, and CMC.
Application of dynamic time warping and cepstrograms to text-dependent speaker verification (2009)

This work provides a description of an automatic speaker verification (ASV) system. In particular, it documents the evolution of all individual stages of the proposed ASV system design from the phase of preprocessing to an operational decision making system. The aim of this research was to achieve the system of the best safety and ease of use in view of users. The objective estimation of this target has been accomplished by assessing the probability that the presented system will make erroneous decisions. Few different sentences spoken in Polish by several persons have been used as acoustic material. The research resulted in specifying precise parameters for algorithms used in the system and in defining the directions of future research in this field.
Induction of wild-type p53, Bax, and acidic endonuclease during somatostatin-signaled apoptosis in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells (1998)

Somatostatin (SST) analogs inhibit tumor cell growth by exerting direct anti-proliferative effects with cytostatic (growth arrest) or cytotoxic (apoptosis) consequences. The SST analog SMS 201-995 (octreotide, OCT) inhibits growth of MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma cells, which express multiple SSTRs. Its action has been reported to result in either apoptosis or growth arrest, but the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated in this tumor cell model. Here, we report that OCT elicits cytotoxic response in these cells, leading to apoptosis, which is associated with a rapid, time-dependent induction of wild-type p53 and an increase in Bax. There was no G1 cell-cycle arrest in these cells during OCT treatment as suggested by the decrease in G1/S ratio and the lack of induction of pRb and p21. Additionally, we demonstrate that OCT-induced DNA fragmentation in this cell line is due to selective activation of a cation-insensitive acidic endonuclease. Our data provide a rationale for utilizing SST analogs to treat SSTR-positive breast cancer cells expressing wild-type p53.
Experimental techniques in fracture (1993)

The third volume of a series on experimental techniques applied to the study of fracture mechanics in materials. It includes state-of-the-art contributions in experimental fracture mechanics and presents existing techniques used in the field. It is aimed at engineers, professors and students.
Initial clinical trials of maytansine, an antitumor plant alkaloid. (1978)

We have conducted a phase I clinical trial of maytansine, a plant alkaloid with potent tubulin-binding activity. For evaluation of toxicity, the schedule of drug administration consisted of a single iv infusion given every 3 weeks. Dose-limiting toxicity was observed at 2 mg/m2, and was manifested as profound weakness, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Symptoms persisted for 3--14 days after drug administration. No consistent myelosuppression occurred at any dose level. Responses were observed in two patients (one each with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and ovarian cancer) who were treated on the every-3-week schedule, as well as in two patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia treated with single weekly doses. Three of the four responding patients had received extensive prior treatment with vincristine, and two were clearly resistant to vincristine.
A 4-F coaxial catheter system for pediatric vascular occlusion with detachable balloons. (1989)

Detachable latex balloons, preloaded coaxially in 4-F angiographic catheters, were used in eight patients, aged 6 weeks to 12 years. Successful placement of the balloon was achieved in six patients, in whom the feeding arteries arose in an oblique fashion from the aorta or main conducting arteries. Placement was not possible in two patients. No femoral or axillary arterial occlusions occurred as a result of these procedures. The balloon can be inflated up to 8 mm in diameter, passes readily through a 4-F introducer sheath, and can be retrieved, without detachment from the catheter, through the same sheath. A hemostatic side-arm adapter attached to the catheter permits angiography to be performed before balloon detachment. The disadvantages of the system include preparation time to hand tie the balloons, the operator experience required, and difficulty in navigating the balloon.
Domain edge formation and jitter characteristics in thermomagnetic recording with magnetic field modulation (1990)

The role of the dynamics of the magnetic bias field in field modulation thermomagnetic recording has been studied experimentally and through computer simulation. Using a continuous-wave, focused laser to heat a magnetooptic recording medium, the magnitude and the spatial gradient of the modulated bias field were varied, and the behavior of medium noise and jitter in magnetooptic recording was measured. The experimental measurements yielded a universal curve for the relation between signal pulse jitter and the spatial gradient of the recording bias field. Micromagnetics simulations provided insight into the connection between bias field magnitude and its spatial gradient and the degree of domain wall irregularity in recorded marks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Gross Errors in Height Indication from Pulsed Radar Altimeters Operating over Thick Ice or Snow (1962)

Errors reported in 1946 by aircraft pilots using pulsed radar altimeters over Antarctic ice, coupled wih results of radio-wave propagation studies in both polar areas (1946-1955), led to measurements of the electrical characteristics of thick ice at high and ultra-high frequencies. These measurements produced information relative to dielectric constants, loss factors, scattering, and interface reflection data that subsequently permitted successful radio-wave penetration measurements in continental ice to depth of several hundred feet in both the Antarctic and the Arctic (1958-1960). Results indicated clearly that low-flying pilots relying on pulsed 440-Mc altimeters in poor visibility over thick ice can be fatally misled by errors inherent in these instruments. The paper presents recent data obtained by the Signal Corps pertinent to radio-wave transparency of thick ice and snow.
Human Tolerance and Histopathologic Effects of Long-Term Administration of Intranasal Interferon- 2 (1983)

Fifty-two healthy adults were randomly assigned interferon-alpha 2 (HuIFN-alpha 2), 8.4 X 10(6) U/day, or placebo by intranasal spray for 28 days. Symptoms, nasal examinations, and histologic analysis of nasal biopsy specimens obtained three days before and one day after exposure were evaluated under blind conditions. HuIFN-alpha 2 was associated with signs of mucosal irritation (dry mucous membranes, crusts, and friability) and/or symptoms (blood-tinged mucus) in 23% of recipients. Moderate or marked epithelial acute inflammation with ulceration occurred in 19% of HuIFN-alpha 2 recipients. Pronounced submucosal lymphocytic and mononuclear cell infiltrates developed in 58%. These histopathologic abnormalities resolved within eight weeks of stopping exposure. These results indicate that long-term or indefinite intranasal administration of HuIFN-alpha 2 at the dosages used in this study is not feasible strategy for prophylaxis of respiratory viral infections.
Characterization of fecal microbial communities in patients with liver cirrhosis (2011)

Fecal microbial communities are distinct in patients with cirrhosis compared with healthy individuals. The prevalence of potentially pathogenic bacteria, such as Enterobacteriaceae and Streptococcaceae, with the reduction of beneficial populations such as Lachnospiraceae in patients with cirrhosis may affect prognosis.
Performance of annular plug and expansion-deflection nozzles including external flow effects at transonic Mach numbers (1968)

Performance evaluation of annular plug and expansion-deflection nozzles including external flow effects at transonic Mach numbers