gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chronic disease prevention and control mode based on the national big data platform for medical and healthcare management (2017)

Non-communicable chronic diseases are important public health problems. Most chronic diseases can be avoided through preventive care and effectively controlled through early detection, and the therapeutic effect can be improved by active communication. The existing chronic disease management is based on public health management which cannot meet the needs of prevention and control of chronic disease in China. On the basis of healthcare data collection and monitoring on chronic disease patients, high risk population of chronic diseases and healthy individuals, a new chronic disease management mode can be achieved using data mining, cloud computing and other technologies. In this mode, the model of chronic disease prediction and analysis is established, and leading to risk factors for chronic disease is positioned. The healthy people can receive guidance on health management, the high-risk groups can get health risk assessment and early warning so as to guide their effective intervention, and the chronic disease patients can take personalized treatment and prognosis tracking by using this model. In this paper, the meaning, problems and methods of chronic disease management based on the big data platform for medical and healthcare management were introduced and analyzed.


Key words: 
Healthcare big data; Chronic diseases prevention and control; Health management; Health intervention
Support vector machines, Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients and the Discrete Cosine Transform applied on voice based biometric authentication (2015)

In this paper, the implementation of a Support Vector Machine (SVM) is proposed based on automatic system for voice biometric authentication, recognizing the speaker using Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients and the Discrete Cosine Transform. The voice recognition problem can be modeled as a classification problem, where the objective is to obtain the best degree of separability between the classes which represent the voice. Building an automated speech recognition system capable of identifying the speaker, has many techniques using artificial intelligence and general classification at disposal, Support Vector Machines being the one used in this work. The voice samples used are in the Brazilian Portuguese language and had its features extracted through the Discrete Cosine Transform. Extracted features are applied on the Mel-frequency Cepstral Coefficients to create a two-dimensional matrix used as input to the SVM algorithm. This algorithm generates the pattern to be recognized, leading to a reliable speaker identification using few parameters and a small dataset.
Degradation of a silver point in association with endodontic infection (1998)

This paper describes an unusual clinical report of degradation of an endodontic silver point within the root canal of a lower right first premolar. Its apical portion was found to be degrading and at one stage a small portion became separated from its main body and was displaced apically. The tooth, despite past apical surgery, displayed signs of endodontic failure. Conventional retreatment and removal of the silver point improved the endodontic problems associated with this tooth. The silver point was analysed using both scanning electron microscopy and x-ray microanalyses. These tests revealed that the silver point had deteriorated significantly with a surface coating of a silver-chloride salt. Microleakage with infection and galvanic reaction are possible hypotheses as to the reason for the degradation of the silver point. Although other reports have demonstrated corrosion of silver points, this method of presentation appears unique.
Generating an Online Bottom Line (1998)

This work is brought to you for free and open access by FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hospitality Review by an
Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy in adolescents: current perspectives (2018)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) are life-limiting and progressive neuromuscular conditions with significant comorbidities, many of which manifest during adolescence. BMD is a milder presentation of the condition and much less prevalent than DMD, making it less represented in the literature, or more severely affected individuals with BMD may be subsumed into the DMD population using clinical cutoffs. Numerous consensus documents have been published on the clinical management of DMD, the most recent of which was released in 2010. The advent of these clinical management consensus papers, particularly respiratory care, has significantly increased the life span for these individuals, and the adolescent years are now a point of transition into adult lives, rather than a period of end of life. This review outlines the literature on DMD and BMD during adolescence, focusing on clinical presentation during adolescence, impact of living with a chronic illness on adolescents, and the effect that adolescents have on their chronic illness. In addition, we describe the role that palliative-care specialists could have in improving outcomes for these individuals. The increasing proportion of individuals with DMD and BMD living into adulthood underscores the need for more research into interventions and intracacies of adolescence that can improve the social aspects of their lives.
Fast algorithm of coding unit depth decision for HEVC intra coding (2014)

The emerging high efficiency video coding standard (HEVC) achieves significantly better coding efficiency than all existing video coding standards. The quad tree structured coding unit (CU) is adopted in HEVC to improve the compression efficiency, but this causes a very high computational complexity because it exhausts all the combinations of the prediction unit (PU) and transform unit (TU) in every CU attempt. In order to alleviate the computational burden in HEVC intra coding, a fast CU depth decision algorithm is proposed in this paper. The CU texture complexity and the correlation between the current CU and neighbouring CUs are adaptively taken into consideration for the decision of the CU split and the CU depth search range. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme provides 39.3% encoder time savings on average compared to the default encoding scheme in HM-RExt-13.0 with only 0.6% BDBR penalty in coding performance.
A mixed‐encoding genetic algorithm with beam constraint for conformal radiotherapy treatment planning (2000)

In this paper we propose a new hierarchical evolutionary algorithm that combines binary encoding and floating-point encoding to automatically select the beam directions and determine the weights of the selected beams. With traditional optimization methods the beam directions are fixed a priori by the operator in recognition of the fact that computer selection of beam directions is a difficult problem. In this investigation, we used a hybrid-encoding scheme. The binary encoding part of each chromosome was used to select the beam directions, and its corresponding floating-point encoding part of the same chromosome was used to determine the weights of those selected beams. Before beginning the optimization process, we set a constraint on the number of the beam directions we wanted in the final solution. We present three examples to verify this method. These examples differ with each other in tumor sites, problem sizes, and optimization parameters. Three-dimensional optimization results and statistical data showed that this method is feasible. We think this method can be easily extended to solve more complex target problems (such as nonconvex target problems).
Examination of the F<SUB>2</SUB> Screen for Rare Resistance Alleles to <I>Bacillus thuringiensis</I> Toxins in the Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) (2002)

A synthetic laboratory population of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), was used to test the F2 screen developed for detecting the frequency of rare resistance alleles to Cry1Ac and Cry1C toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Of the 120 single-pair matings set up, 106 produced enough F2 families for screening of Cry1Ac or Cry1C resistance alleles using both transgenic broccoli and an artificial diet overlay assay with a diagnostic dose. When using Bt broccoli plants as the F2 screen method, only one F2 family was detected for Cry1Ac resistance and no family was detected for Cry1C resistance. Six families were detected for either Cry1Ac or Cry1C resistance using the diet assay. The survivors in the diagnostic diet assay were crossed with the resistant individuals to confirm their resistance genotypes. Four F2 families were confirmed to contain one copy of an allele resistant to Cry1Ac in the original single-pairs and four other F2 families contained an allele resistant to Cry1C. Our results suggest that using transgenic plants expressing a high level of a Bt toxin in an F2 screen may underestimate the frequency of resistance alleles with high false negatives, or fail to detect true resistance alleles. The diagnostic diet assay was a better F2 screen method to detect alleles, especially for the Cry1Ac resistance with monogenic inheritance in the diamondback moth. The estimated probabilities of false positives and false negatives were 33 and 1%, respectively, for detecting Cry1Ac resistance at the allele frequency of 0.012 using the diagnostic diet assay. Careful validation of the screening method for each insect-crop system is necessary before the F2 screen can be used to detect rare Bt resistance alleles in field populations.
Relation of Properties to Molecular Structure for Petroleum Hydrocarbons (1951)

Two methods of approach are used in considering the relationship of properties to molecular structure for hydrocarbons: to observe the changes produced as one moves from point to point (1) along the subseries curve in the direction of increasing chain length, and (2) along a cross-sectional line at any given carbon atom level. The actually measured values of the property under investigation or the magnitude of the deviation from corresponding point on the curve for the normal isomer may be observed. Chain length, chain branching, methyl groups, double bonds, and aromatic nuclei play a dominant role in determining the properties of a hydrocarbon. A careful analysis of the changes brought about by varying these elements of molecular structure leads to the conclusion that the properties, both physical and chemical, are a function of the electron distribution within the hydrocarbon molecule. Much has been accomplished in the synthesis, separation, purification, and careful determination of both physical properties and engine characteristics. Much still remains to be done, but the work is progressing. There still lie ahead a more careful correlation of chemical properties with structure, and a study of the relative rates of reactivity for the hydrogen atoms on the different parts of the hydrocarbon molecule and the effects which these differences impose upon the velocity of combustion.
Embryonic Stem Cells for Neural Replacement Therapy: Prospects and Challenges (2003)

Injury or degeneration of the vertebrate central nervous system often disrupts neuronal circuitry that is built by projection neurons during early embryonic life. Repair of neural network through regeneration of these early-born projection neurons in adult life often fails since stem cells residing in the adult brain are generally programmed to give rise to late-born interneurons. Thus, exogenous cells are needed to rebuild the neural circuitry. Nevertheless, cell replacement in the brain remains a challenging goal because of the lack of safe and effective donor cells, as well as difficulty in remodeling the nonneurogenic adult CNS environment. Here I will concentrate on the donor side and discuss how recent advancement in stem cell technology offers hope for transplant therapy, with a focus on the potentials and hurdles of human embryonic stem cells as a sustainable source.
Structure-activity relationships observed on screening a series of pyrazolopyrimidines against experimental neoplasms. (1957)

Summary A large number of pyrazolopyrimidines have been screened for anticancer activity against neoplasms susceptible to inhibition by purine antagonists (Adenocarcinoma 755 and Leukemia 5178). Of the compounds studied, consistent and significant activity appears to be limited to the 4-amino-, the 4-monoalkylamino-, and 4-dialkylaminopyrazolo(3,4- d )pyrimidines, and the 1-alkyl derivatives of these compounds. With respect to the analogs of 4-aminopyrazolo(3,4- d )pyrimidine, an adenine isomer, a clearly defined structure-activity relationship has been observed. The inhibition of L. arabinosus by 4-APP can be prevented by purines and purine derivatives. Strains of L. arabinosus resistant to A-methopterin or to certain purine antagonists were not significantly cross-resistant to 4-APP. A 6-mercaptopurine-resistant line of Adenocarcinoma 755 has been selected. This resistant tumor does not appear to be cross-resistant to 4-APP.
Establishing an XML metadata klnowledge base to assist integration of structured and semi-structured databases (2006)

This paper describes the establishment of an XML Metadata Knowledge Base (XMKB) to assist integration of distributed heterogeneous structured data residing in relational databases and semi-structured data held in well-formed XML documents (XML documents that conform to the XML syntax rules but have no referenced DTD or XML schema) produced by internet applications. We propose an approach to combine and query the data sources through a mediation layer. Such a layer is intended to establish and evolve an XMKB incrementally to assist the Query Processor to mediate between user queries posed over the master view and the distributed heterogeneous data sources. The XMKB is built in bottom-up fashion by extracting and merging incrementally the metadata of the data sources. The XMKB is introduced to maintain the data source information (names, types and locations), meta-information about relationships of paths among data sources, and function names for handling semantic and structural discrepancies. A System to Integrate Structured and Semi-structured Databases (SISSD) has been built that generates a tool for a meta-user (who does the metadata integration) to describe mappings between the master view and local data sources by assigning index numbers and specifying conversion function names. This system is flexible: users can get any master view from the same set of data sources depending on their interest. It also preserves local autonomy of the local data sources. The SISSD uses the local-as-view approach to map between the master view and the local schema structures. This approach is well-suited to supporting a dynamic environment, where data sources can be added to or removed from the system without the need to restructure the master view and to regenerate the XMKB from scratch.
Winston R. Maxted and the type specificity of group A streptococci (2001)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
Neuroevolution and complexifying genetic architectures for memory and control tasks (2008)

The way genes are interpreted biases an artificial evolutionary system towards some phenotypes. When evolving artificial neural networks, methods using direct encoding have genes representing neurons and synapses, while methods employing artificial ontogeny interpret genomes as recipes for the construction of phenotypes. Here, a neuroevolution system (neuroevolution with ontogeny or NEON) is presented that can emulate a well-known neuroevolution method using direct encoding (neuroevolution of augmenting topologies or NEAT), and therefore, can solve the same kinds of tasks. Performance on challenging control and memory benchmark tasks is reported. However, the encoding used by NEON is indirect, and it is shown how characteristics of artificial ontogeny can be introduced incrementally in different phases of evolutionary search.
Isovolumetric regulation mechanisms in cultured cerebellar granule neurons (2001)

Cultured cerebellar granule neurons exposed to gradual reductions in osmolarity (-1.8 mOsm/min) maintained constant volume up to -50% external osmolarity (pi(o)), showing the occurrence of isovolumetric regulation (IVR). Amino acids, Cl-, and K+ contributed at different phases of IVR, with early efflux threshold for [3H]taurine, D-[3H]aspartate (as marker for glutamate) of pi(o) -2% and -19%, respectively, and more delayed thresholds of -30% for [3H]glycine and -25% and -29%, respectively, for Cl- (125I) and K+ (86Rb). Taurine seems preferentially involved in IVR, showing the lowest threshold, the highest efflux rate (five-fold over other amino acids) and the largest cell content decrease. Taurine and Cl- efflux were abolished by niflumic acid and 86Rb by 15 mM Ba2+. Niflumic acid essentially prevented IVR in all ranges of pi(o). Cl--free medium impaired IVR when pi(o) decreased to -24% and Ba2+ blocked it only at a late phase of -30% pi(o). These results indicate that in cerebellar granule neurons: (i) IVR is an active process of volume regulation accomplished by efflux of intracellular osmolytes; (ii) the volume regulation operating at small changes of pi(o) is fully accounted for by mechanisms sensitive to niflumic acid, with contributions of both Cl- and amino acids, particularly taurine; (iii) Cl- contribution to IVR is delayed with respect to other niflumic acid-sensitive osmolyte fluxes (osmolarity threshold of -25% pi(o)); and (iv), K+ fluxes do not contribute to IVR until a late phase (< -30% pi(o)).
Context Aware Instant Messenger with Integrated Scheduling Planner (2011)

The purpose of this paper is to do a research on context awareness concept in instant
messaging applications. The widely used instant messaging systems usually incorporate
the same context awareness function that displays the current status of other users. There
are many prototypes of context aware instant messenger program that already being
developed and being tested in order to ensure the applications are able to display the
users' status in a more reliable and accurate manner. However, the availability indicators
provided by instant messenger only useful for users who are planning to have
communication with other users. This kind of context aware does not help users to use
the instant messaging systems for another purpose such as to schedule an appointment
with one of their contact list.
By realizing this issue, the design of a Context-Aware Instant Messenger with Integrated
Scheduling Planner system is proposed to cater the problems. The solution application is
designed for all computer users especially for the staffs in organizations and universities
students which will enable them to do any appointment through instant messaging
system. Throughout this document, the existing prototype of instant messaging systems
is discussed regarding their context awareness concept and at the same time is compared
to identifY their strong and weaknesses.
From the finding of the research, new project plan is discussed in order to develop a new
brand prototype of instant messaging application starting from planning, analysis,
design, prototype development until prototype system testing. Prototyping methodology
is chosen for the development of this application because of the time constraint. There
are three prototypes with different level of functionality has been produced by this
project to exhibit the scheduling planner function.
Based on the research done, the Context-Aware Instant Messenger with Integrated
Scheduling Planner system was found to transcend current instant messaging products
by having new feature which enable the users to schedule any event with their contact
list.
Chiral NCN Pincer Pt(II) and Pd(II) Complexes with 1,3-Bis(2′-imidazolinyl)benzene: Synthesis via Direct Metalation, Characterization, and Catalytic Activity in the Friedel−Crafts Alkylation Reaction (2009)

The synthesis and characterization of a series of platinum(II) and palladium(II) pincer complexes with chiral NCN ligands based on 1,3-bis(2′-imidazolinyl)benzene are reported. The new NCN ligand precursors 3a−m were easily prepared from inexpensive, readily available isophthalyl chloride or 5-substituted isophthalyl chloride and chiral amino alcohols in two steps. Direct C2 metalation of 3 with K2PtCl4 provided convenient access to the corresponding platinum pincer complexes 4 in 51−84% isolated yields. On the basis of the same methodology, seven palladium pincer complexes 5 were synthesized in 12−54% yields by heating 3 with Pd(OAc)2 in refluxing HOAc under a nitrogen atmosphere, followed by the addition of LiCl. All the ligand precursors and pincer complexes are air- and moisture-stable both in the solid state and in solution. They were fully characterized by HRMS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT, HSQC, HMBC, IR, and ESI-MS. The molecular structures of platinum complexes 4c and 4i and palladium complex 5b have been determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Treatment of Pt complex 4l with AgOTf or AgSbF6 in wet acetone gave effective catalysts with moderate stereoselectivity for the enantioselective Friedel−Crafts alkylation reaction between indole and trans-β-nitrostyrene.
Burden of Community-Acquired Pneumonia and Unmet Clinical Needs (2020)

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the leading cause of death among infectious diseases and an important health problem, having considerable implications for healthcare systems worldwide. Despite important advances in prevention through vaccines, new rapid diagnostic tests and antibiotics, CAP management still has significant drawbacks. Mortality remains very high in severely ill patients presenting with respiratory failure or shock but is also high in the elderly. Even after a CAP episode, higher risk of death remains during a long period, a risk mainly driven by inflammation and patient-related co-morbidities. CAP microbiology has been altered by new molecular diagnostic tests that have turned viruses into the most identified pathogens, notwithstanding uncertainties about the specific role of each virus in CAP pathogenesis. Pneumococcal vaccines also impacted CAP etiology and thus had changed Streptococcus pneumoniae circulating serotypes. Pathogens from specific regions should also be kept in mind when treating CAP. New antibiotics for CAP treatment were not tested in severely ill patients and focused on multidrug-resistant pathogens that are unrelated to CAP, limiting their general use and indications for intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Similarly, CAP management could be personalized through the use of adjunctive therapies that showed outcome improvements in particular patient groups. Although pneumococcal vaccination was only convincingly shown to reduce invasive pneumococcal disease, with a less significant effect in pneumococcal CAP, it remains the best therapeutic intervention to prevent bacterial CAP. Further research in CAP is needed to reduce its population impact and improve individual outcomes.