gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluorination with Xenon Difluoride. 23. Fluorination of Ortho Substituted Aromatic Molecules (1981)

Abstract The fluorination of 9,10-dihydroanthracene and triptycene with xenon difluoride in the presence of hydrogen fluoride occurred at α and β position with β attack predominating over α attack, while the reaction with acenaphthene resulted in the formation of 2- and 4-fluorosubstituted products, regioselectivity being very little affected by the nature of the catalyst: hydrogen fluoride, boron trifluoride and pentafluorothiophenol. The fluorination of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalene resulted in the formation of 6-fluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalene, 6,7-difluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalene and rearranged product 1-(2,2-difluoroethyl) indan.
Multichannel Kalman Filtering for Speech Ehnancement (2018)

The use of spatial information in multichannel speech enhancement methods is well established but information associated with the temporal evolution of speech is less commonly exploited. Speech signals can be modelled using an autoregressive process in the time-frequency modulation domain, and Kalman filtering based speech enhancement algorithms have been developed for single-channel processing. In this paper, a multichannel Kalman filter (MKF) for speech enhancement is derived that jointly considers the multichannel spatial information and the temporal correlations of speech. We model the temporal evolution of speech in the modulation domain and, by incorporating the spatial information, an optimal MKF gain is derived in the short-time Fourier transform domain. We also show that the proposed MKF becomes a conventional multichannel Wiener filter if the temporal information is discarded. Experiments using the signals generated from a public head-related impulse response database demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in comparison to other techniques.
The use of biodegradable linear alcohol surfactants in textile wet processing (1971)

Abstract Highly biodegradable linear alcohol surfactants have proven to be efficient wetting and scouring agents for use in all phases of textile wet processing. The linear alcohol surface active agents can be directly substituted for the conventional alkylphenol‐based materials, which have previously been shown to be resistant to biodegradation. No loss in performance or handling characteristics are encountered by changing the surfactant hydrophobe from alkylphenol to linear alcohol. Surfactants based on the linear primary alcohols, which are widely used in biodegradable household detergents, are somewhat less desirable for use with textiles due to generally higher solidification points and less efficient wetting ability. Replacement of branched chain alkylphenol nonionics by more biodegradable linear alcohol ethoxylates has proceeded rather slowly in the textile industry. This is due to various factors, one of which is the reverse relationship between low five‐day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) requirements for industrial waste streams and the higher five‐day BOD of the linear alcohol ethoxylates. Continued use of slower degrading alkylphenol ethoxylates is not, however, a satisfactory solution to the problem of the best choice of surfactant. Longer range oxygen demands on receiving waters are shown to exist as a result of such slower biodegradation of these alkylphenol nonionics.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Evaluation of Low Attenuation Lesions on Computed Tomography (1986)

Computed tomography has proven invaluable in the assessment of intracranial mass lesions. Low attenuation lesions can, however, present diagnostic difficulties. We report three cases where magnetic resonance imaging was beneficial in clarifying solid versus cystic intracranial lesions.
Scratch-resistant sol–gel coatings on pristine polycarbonate (2015)

A novel strategy to enhance scratch resistance<italic>via</italic>the incorporation of ZTP onto silica-based sol–gel coating is proposed.
Immunology of Milk and the Neonate (2012)

The proceedings of the symposium, sponsored primarily by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, critically evaluate the current state of knowledge concerning the protective role of immune agents found in milk, provide up-to-date information on milk factors with respect to thei
ACHIEVING CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT WITH THE DUAL APPROACH: A DEMONSTRATION OF THE ROMAN CATAPULT (1994)

Key Words: Dual response approachDesign of ExperimentsResponse surface methodologyTaguchi methodsRegression analysis.
Association of the Viral Oncoprotein STP-C488 with Cellular ras (1995)

The STP-C488 oncogene of herpesvirus saimiri has transforming activity independent of the rest of the viral genome. We now demonstrate that STP-C488 associates with cellular ras in transformed cells. Mutations that disrupted this association with ras disrupted the transforming ability of the STP-C488 oncogene. Binding assays showed that STP-C488 was capable of competing with raf-1 for binding to ras. Expression of STP-C488 activated the ras signaling pathway as evidenced by a two- to fourfold increase in the ratio of ras-GTP to ras-GDP and by the constitutive activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase. Consistent with an activation of signaling through ras, STP-C488 expression induced ras-dependent neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. STP-C488 is the first virus-encoded protein shown to achieve oncogenic transformation via association with cellular ras.
An Urban Energy Balance for the Phoenix, Arizona USA Metropolitan Area (2006)

The pressures of rapid urbanization, including the worsening of the urban heat island (UHI) effect, are causing city leaders and other policymakers to consider how to best allocate resources and develop policies to improve their urban environment. The focus of this paper is on UHI, that is, the long-term trend observed in the metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona region and other cities in which both daytime and nighttime temperatures are increasing. An analytical tool is developed to predict the relative effects of various policy measures, such as increasing the average albedo of a city through highly-reflective pavement coatings, or encouraging the adoption of "green" roofs to improve latent heat transfer. This tool is based on a fundamental "lumped" thermal model of the metropolitan area, where transient energy inputs and outputs are considered to generate a single temperature that is characteristic of the entire metropolitan area. Actual electricity, natural gas, vehicular traffic, and solar radiation data are utilized to predict how the temperature changes on an hourly basis. Of the measures evaluated, decreasing the quantity of paved surfaces to reduce daytime temperatures, and increasing the prevalence of green roofs to reduce nighttime temperatures, are the most effective means to alleviate UHI.
Random Access Analog Memory for Early Vision (1991)

Early-vision problems require huge amounts of computer power. The utilization of analog circuits to cope with this problem has been hampered by the lack of an efficient way to store images for a discrete amount of time. In this communication, we investigate the use of an analog memory as a full-frame buffer. Two different momories have been built using a standard CMOS-ASIC process. Measurements carried out on these circuits and an analysis of their area occupation show the advantage of using analog storage for full-frame buffers.
Intermodal and cross-polarization four-wave mixing in large-core hybrid photonic crystal fibers (2015)

Degenerate four-wave mixing is considered in large mode area hybrid photonic crystal fibers, combining photonic bandgap guidance and index guidance. Co- and orthogonally polarized pump, signal and idler fields are considered numerically by calculating the parametric gain and experimentally by spontaneous degenerate four-wave mixing. Intermodal and birefringence assisted intramodal phase matching is observed. Good agreement between calculations and experimental observations is obtained. Intermodal four-wave mixing is achieved experimentally with a conversion efficiency of 17%.
Three novel functional variants of human U5 small nuclear RNA. (1992)

We have identified and characterized three new variants of U5 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) from HeLa cells, called U5D, U5E, and U5F. Each variant has a 2,2,7-trimethylguanosine cap and is packaged into an Sm-precipitable small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) particle. All retain the evolutionarily invariant 9-base loop at the top of stem 1; however, numerous base changes relative to the abundant forms of U5 snRNA are present in other regions of the RNAs, including a loop that is part of the yeast U5 minimal domain required for viability and has been shown to bind a protein in HeLa extracts. U5E and U5F each constitute 7% of the total U5 population in HeLa cells and are slightly longer than the previously characterized human U5 (A, B, and C) species. U5D, which composes 5% of HeLa cell U5 snRNAs, is present in two forms: a full-length species, U5DL, and a shorter species, U5DS, which is truncated by 15 nucleotides at its 3' end and therefore resembles the short form of U5 (snR7S) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have established conditions that allow specific detection of the individual U5 variants by either Northern blotting (RNA blotting) or primer extension; likewise, U5E and U5F can be specifically and completely degraded in splicing extracts by oligonucleotide-directed RNase H cleavage. All variant U5 snRNAs are assembled into functional particles, as indicated by their immunoprecipitability with anti-(U5) RNP antibodies, their incorporation into the U4/U5/U6 tri-snRNP complex, and their presence in affinity-purified spliceosomes. The higher abundance of these U5 variants in 293 cells compared with that in HeLa cells suggests possible roles in alternative splicing.
Implications of Objective vs Subjective Delirium Assessment in Surgical Intensive Care Patients (2011)

Use of objective criteria helped detect delirium in more patients and also identified patients mistakenly thought to have delirium who actually did not meet objective criteria for diagnosis of the condition.
Microbial Oxidation of Aromatics in Enantiocontrolled Synthesis. 3. Design of Amino Cyclitols (exo-Nitrogenous) and Total Synthesis of (+)-Lycoricidine via Acylnitrosyl Cycloaddition to Polarized 1-Halo-1,3-cyclohexadienes (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicrobial Oxidation of Aromatics in Enantiocontrolled Synthesis. 3. Design of Amino Cyclitols (exo-Nitrogenous) and Total Synthesis of (+)-Lycoricidine via Acylnitrosyl Cycloaddition to Polarized 1-Halo-1,3-cyclohexadienesTomas Hudlicky, Horacio F. Olivo, and Bryan McKibbenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 12, 5108–5115Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00091a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00091a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views650Altmetric-Citations99LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rearrangement of alpha-Aminoketones during Clemmensen Reduction. IX. The Fate of Asymmetry at the alpha-Carbon - Correction (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRearrangement of alpha-Aminoketones during Clemmensen Reduction. IX. The Fate of Asymmetry at the alpha-Carbon - CorrectionNelson Leonard, Robert Sentz, and William MiddletonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 24, 6361Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1953Publication History Published online9 July 2002Published inissue 1 December 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01120a631https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01120a631research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views28Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Determination of ammonium- and nitrate-nitrogen by molecular emission cavity analysis (1981)

Ammonium nitrogen is determined at parts per million to percentage levels by injecting the sample solution on to solid sodium hydroxide in a small vial. The ammonia generated is swept by nitrogen into a molecular emission cavity analysis (MECA) oxy-cavity and the intensity of the NO—O continuum is measured at 500 nm. The method is rapid, precise and free from interferences and has been applied successfully to the determination of ammonium ions in fertilisers, river waters and sewage samples. Nitrate ions can also be determined after reduction to ammonia by Devarda's alloy.
Determination of the nitrogen content of hydrotreated shale oil furnace oil by refractometry (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of the nitrogen content of hydrotreated shale oil furnace oil by refractometryJacques. Saint-Just and Olaf A. LarsonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1979, 51, 7, 1097–1098Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50043a078https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50043a078research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views49Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On Efficient Processing of Complicated Cloaked Region for Location Privacy Aware Nearest-Neighbor Queries (2013)

The development of location-based services has brought not only conveniences to users’ daily life but also great concerns about users’ location privacy. Thus, privacy aware query processing that handles cloaked regions has become an important part in preserving user privacy. However, the state-of-the-art private query processors only focus on handling rectangular cloaked regions, while lacking an efficient and scalable algorithm for other complicated cloaked region shapes, such as polygon and circle. Motivated by that issue, we introduce a new location privacy aware nearest-neighbor query processor that provides efficient processing of complicated polygonal and circular cloaked regions, by proposing the Vertices Reduction Paradigm and the Group Execution Agent. In the Vertices Reduction Paradigm, we also provide a new tuning parameter to achieve trade-off between answer optimality and system scalability. Finally, experimental results show that our new query processing algorithm outperforms previous works in terms of both processing time and system scalability.
Ab initio molecular orbital study of nitrogen-containing polyenes with donor-acceptor substituents: dipole moment and static first hyperpolarizability (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAb initio molecular orbital study of nitrogen-containing polyenes with donor-acceptor substituents: dipole moment and static first hyperpolarizabilityTetsuya Tsunekawa and Kizashi YamaguchiCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 25, 10268–10275Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100204a033https://doi.org/10.1021/j100204a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views110Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Magnetic properties and chemical short-range order in Fe-Pd-based metallic glasses (1984)

High-field magnetization and ac susceptibility measurements are reported on a series of ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{x}{\mathrm{Pd}}_{80\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Si}}_{10}{\mathrm{B}}_{10}$ rapidly quenched alloys for $0<~x<~80$. X-ray diffraction data show that these alloys are amorphous up to at least $x=40$ and that the $x=60 \mathrm{and} 80$ samples are partially crystalline. The ac susceptibility data can be interpreted in terms of ferromagnetic, spin-glass, and double transitions, and a qualitative magnetic phase diagram of the system is obtained. The concentration dependence of the saturation magnetization, as well as the magnetic phase diagram, exhibits sharp anomalies at about $x=13$. These data suggest the presence of chemical short-range order for $x\ensuremath{\gtrsim}13$. X-ray photoelectron and M\"ossbauer results are consistent with this model.
Mechanism of Renovascular Backflow (1969)

PYELOVASCULAR backflow has been observed since the earliest days of urography. Little understood, it has been the basis for much controversy. Little clinical significance has been attributed to it. We have repeated and added to earlier work done in the investigation of pyelovascular backflow. We have been able to quantitate the levels at which pyelovascular vs. pyelotubular backflow occurs, and we have demonstrated that pyelorenal backflow may have considerable clinical significance. The mechanism of pyelovascular backflow has not been determined. We have demonstrated such a mechanism by correlating the histopathology and intrapelvic pressure with microradiology. Review of Literature Hinman and Lee-Brown in 1924 reported a series of studies relating pyelotubular and pyelovascular backflow to pressure (2, 3). They measured the secretory pressure of a dog kidney at 70–90 mm Hg. With Bird and Moist they noted pyelotubular backflow with gradual increase in pressure. Bird and Moist were unable to produce pyelovenous backflow in dogs with pressures up to 120 mm Hg, but Hinman and Lee-Brown did so in cadaver kidneys with pressures as low as 40 mm mercury. Both were able to demonstrate backflow in hydronephrotic kidneys with pressures as low as 15 mm Hg. Elkin et at. reported backflow with intrapelvic pressures varying from 50 to 125 mm Hg following acute ureteral obstruction in humans (15). Some investigators have found the rate of increase in pressure an important factor (5, 7, 8), and others have determined an immediate rise in intrapelintrapelvic pressure followed by a drop at the onset of renovascular backflow (9). Over the years many observers have reported pyelovascular backflow during retrograde urography. Studies have correlated the degree of backflow with pressure. Renovascular backflow was also described in intravenous urography studies during abdominal compression and following acute ureteral obstruction (1, 10–12). Pyelovenous backflow is an important phenomenon since it may be one of the natural mechanisms of pelvic decompression in ureteral obstruction. It also may be an avenue for the bacteremia following ureteral reflux (16). Moist and Bird concluded that pyelovenous backflow was due to rupture of tubules in the straight and arcuate vein. Narath in 1940 noted that pyelovenous backflow occurred in the sinus renalis, the closed space adjacent to and extending from the fornix containing arteries, veins, lymphatics, and nerves (4). He was unable to demonstrate any mucosal perforation in pyelovenous backflow; therefore, he concluded that backflow was due either to absorption from the overdistended pelvis or minute calyceal mucosal tears and ruptures of the fornix with extravasation of the contrast medium into the arcuate vein. Histologic changes in the renal pelvis and fornix of the normal kidney and kidney sub ject to varying periods of ureteral obstruction from hours to weeks have been amply described (13).