gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pathophysiology, pleotrophy and paradigm shifts: genetic lessons from Parkinson's disease (2005)

PD (Parkinson's disease) is an aetiologically heterogeneous disorder characterized by a clinical phenotype consisting of resting tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia. Motor symptoms are associated with a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, with Lewy body inclusions within surviving neurons. Although heritability studies have shown evidence of familial aggregation, twin studies have provided limited support for a genetic aetiology. Nevertheless, classical linkage methods have nominated 11 regions of the genome and pathogenic mutations have been identified in several genes, including alpha-synuclein, parkin, ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1, oncogene DJ-1, PTEN-induced protein kinase 1 and microtubule-associated protein tau. Most recently, heterozygous mutations in LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2) were found to cause late-onset, autosomal-dominant PD. Despite their consistent clinical phenotype, family members with LRRK2 mutations can have variable alpha-synuclein and tau pathologies. Lrrk2 is a member of the Roc (Ras of complex proteins) family, with Ras GTPase and MAPKKK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase) catalytic domains. Thus its discovery highlights vesicle dynamics and secondary-messenger signalling in disease pathophysiology. To diagnose a disease accurately and effectively treat it, requires an understanding of its molecular pathogenesis. Herein, we provide an overview of the genetics of PD, how these discoveries are revolutionizing long-held beliefs and more importantly how this knowledge may be translated into patient therapy.
Observations on the practical use of adaptive critics (2002)

By studying adaptive critic designs (ACD) from the standpoint of practical use in training neural networks, we expect to establish the types of problems for which ACD might be preferable to more established methods. To restrict the scope, we have chosen to concentrate on applying ACD, specifically derivative critics, to the training of recurrent networks (L.A. FeldKamp et al., 1997). This is actually less restrictive than it may appear; many problems, including controller training, can be posed as optimizing some or all of the weights of a recurrent network. An immediate benefit of this focus has been to clarify the relationship between the derivatives that result from backpropagation through time (BPTT) and the quantities that derivative critics are expected to deliver. At the same time, many questions have been raised, such as that of the critic representation that best balances accuracy against the number of time steps required for adaptation. Because our formulation permits BPTT and derivative critics to be used together or separately, we expect that experience with a variety of problems will further clarify the various tradeoffs and suggest situations in which critics may be used to particular advantage.
A fully meshed backbone network for data-intensive sciences and SDN services (2016)

This paper gives a brief report on a new 100-Gbps academic backbone network, called SINET5, which started full-scale operations in April 2016. SINET5 has more than 50 backbone routers and forms a fully meshed topology by using MPLS-TP systems to provide researchers in every Japanese prefecture with 100-Gbps access, minimized-latency, and SDN-friendly environments. SINET5 gives a multi-layer, dynamically configurable, and performance-tunable platform for a wide range of network applications including inter-cloud services. The multi-layer network design, new functions including SDN and cloud-oriented functions, and field test results on performance and reliability are reported.
[Measurement of intracellular pH]. (1992)

Since various cellular processes depend on changes in pH, the regulation of intracellular pH (pHi) is important both for the individual cell and for the organism. The mechanisms of the regulation of pHi can be investigated by monitoring pHi. In this report, we discuss the four major techniques available for measuring pHi, which are 1) Distribution of weak acids and bases, 2) pH-sensitive microelectrodes, 3) pH-sensitive dyes, and 4) Nuclear magnetic resonance. Among four techniques, the advantage of the microelectrode approach is that it can monitor membrane potential at the same time and be applied to a single cell. The dye technique is a relative new developing technique, which has lots of advantages. It is easy to use, and is capable of monitoring rapid pHi changes, and being applied to a smaller cell, or a single cell.
Natural Ventilation Control to Enhance the Performance of Building Envelope with Integrated Phase Change Material for Passive Applications in Summer (2020)

The potential of phase change materials (PCMs) as passive strategy for building energy efficiency is wellacknowledged. This work explores the enhancement of PCMs passive cooling performance by an effective control of natural ventilation in residential buildings. Numerical analysis via coupled dynamic simulation and optimization analysis is carried out for different climate zones in Italy. Results show that the sole PCM integrations in the internal building envelope provides negligible performance improvement. However, the control of natural ventilation based on free-cooling availability is able to enhance the efficiency of PCMs thermal energy storage charge-discharge cycle. Accordingly, significant building cooling need reduction is achievable through the optimum coupling of PCMs and natural ventilation control, especially in the coldest climates.
A review of efficient FE modeling techniques with applications to PM AC machines (2011)

In this work, a literature review of recent developments in the area of efficient finite element (FE) based modeling, analysis, and model-based optimization of PM AC machines is presented. Efficient FE analysis techniques reviewed in this paper aim to minimize the computational effort required to obtain the maximum possible information about the performance of the device being modeled, through the least number of FE solutions. Techniques described in the literature and developed by the authors are presented and compared in terms of assumptions/simplifications used in the analysis, execution times, and computational performance parameters that can be extracted with reasonable accuracy.
Optimization transfer approach to joint registration / reconstruction for motion-compensated image reconstruction (2010)

Motion artifacts in image reconstruction problems can be reduced by performing image motion estimation and image reconstruction jointly using a penalized-likelihood cost function. However, updating the motion parameters by conventional gradient-based iterations can be computationally demanding due to the system model required in inverse problems. This paper describes an optimization transfer approach that leads to minimization steps for the motion parameters that have comparable complexity to those needed in image registration problems. This approach can simplify the implementation of motion-compensated image reconstruction (MCIR) methods when the motion parameters are estimated jointly with the reconstructed image.
4‐Fluoroproline derivative peptides: effect on PPII conformation and SH3 affinity (2006)

Eukaryotic signal transduction involves the assembly of transient protein-protein complexes mediated by modular interaction domains. Specific Pro-rich sequences with the consensus core motif PxxP adopt the PPII helix conformation upon binding to SH3 domains. For short Pro-rich peptides, little or no ordered secondary structure is usually observed before binding interactions. The association of a Pro-rich peptide with the SH3 domain involves unfavorable binding entropy due to the loss of rotational freedom on forming the PPII helix. With the aim of stabilizing the PPII helix conformation in the Pro-rich HPK1 decapeptide PPPLPPKPKF (P2), a series of P2 analogues was prepared, in which specific Pro positions were alternatively occupied by 4(S)- or 4(R)-4-fluoro-L-proline. The interactions of these peptides with the SH3 domain of the HPK1-binding partner HS1 were quantitatively analyzed by the NILIA-CD approach. A CD thermal analysis of the P2 analogues was performed to assess their propensity to adopt the PPII helix conformation. Contrary to our expectations, the K(d) values of the analogues were lower than that of the parent peptide P2. These results clearly show that the induction of a stable PPII helix conformation in short Pro-rich peptides is not sufficient to increase their affinity toward the SH3 domain and that the effect of 4-fluoroproline strongly depends on the position of this residue in the sequence and the chirality of the substituent in the pyrrolidine ring.
Binding, ingestion, and growth of <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> (L<sub>2</sub> serovar) analyzed by flow cytometry (1986)

We have developed a method for quantitatively assessing binding, ingestion, and growth of Chlamydia trachomatis (L2 serovar) in several mammalian cell lines using fluorescence staining and flow cytometry. Cells were incubated with chlamydia at 4 degrees C to monitor binding; ingestion was determined by raising the temperature to 37 degrees C for 1-4 h and removing extracellular bacteria with pronase. Growth of bacteria was measured by assessing brightly stained intracellular inclusions. Fixation with methanol prior to fluorescent staining provided the most intense specific staining with minimal background, as well as preserving cell morphology. Our data reveal relatively slow ingestion of L2 by McCoy fibroblasts (maximum ingestion by 4 h) and a sizeable population of McCoy cells (30-40% of total cells) that ingest L2 but do not permit its growth under certain infectious conditions. It was possible to correlate specific histogram patterns on the flow cytometer with fluorescent microscope observations. This system provides a means of analyzing quantitative interactions between chlamydia and individual host cells.
A Structural Constitutive Model for the Native Pulmonary Valve (2005)

Replacement of the native pulmonary valve (PV) with tissue engineered valves requires a thorough understanding of the function of the PV. We undertook the following study to quantify the biaxial mechanical behavior of the porcine PV and develop a structural constitutive model. To our knowledge, this is the first such model for the PV.
New Dendrimers Containing a Single Cobaltocenium Unit Covalently Attached to the Apical Position of Newkome Dendrons:  Electrochemistry and Guest Binding Interactions with Cucurbit[7]uril (2006)

Two new dendrimer series were prepared and characterized. These dendrimers contain a single bis(cyclopentadienyl)cobalt(III) (cobaltocenium, Cob+) unit covalently attached to the apical (focal) position of Newkome-type dendrons, ranging in size from first to third generation. The dendrimers in the first series (1ECob+-3ECob+) are hydrophobic and have 3, 9, and 27 tert-butyl esters on their peripheries, whereas the dendrimers in the second series (1Cob+-3Cob+) are hydrophilic with 3, 9, and 27 carboxylic acid groups on their surfaces, respectively. In voltammetric experiments, all dendrimers showed the expected one-electron reversible reduction of the cobaltocenium center, and the heterogeneous rate of electron transfer decreased with generation in both dendrimer series. The host-guest binding interactions between water-soluble dendrimers 1Cob+-3Cob+ and the cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) host were investigated using 1H NMR spectroscopy, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and electrochemical techniques. The association equilibrium constants (K) for all dendrimer guests were significantly lower than that measured for the inclusion complex between underivatized Cob+ and CB7 (K = 5.7 x 10(9) M(-1)). Nonetheless, among the three dendrimers surveyed, the second-generation dendrimer, 2Cob+, afforded optimum stabilization for the CB7 inclusion complex.
On the Control of the Secondary Cooling in the Continuous Casting Process (1987)

Continuous casting is today replacing ingot casting as the major process for the production of steel in the form of slabs, blooms, billets etc. The complexity of this process is such that until recently innovations to machine design could only be tested by full scale runs on the production machine. This is extremely costly and in many cases production cannot be delayed for such tests to occur. For offering alternative means of testing new designs, numerical simulation models of the continuous casting process have been developed, especially during the last decade. We refer to conference proceedings [3], [5], [6] [16]. Furthermore we mention articles [4], [9], [13], [23], [24] concerning heat transfer models and FE-method, [12], [29] on numerical modelling of material properties in mushy zone, [10], [30] on boundary element method, [11], [24] on FE-modelling of thermal stresses, [2], [9], [13], [17]–[20], [25]–[28] on control of secondary cooling and [1], [7], [8], [31] concerning real-time control problems.
Therapie mit expandierten autologen Knochenmark-Stammzellen bei Ischämie-bedingtem chronischen diabetischen Fußsyndom – Follow up Daten einer kontrollierten Studie (2008)

Fragestellung: Die periphere arterielle Verschlusskrankheit (pAVK) spielt eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Pathogenese des diabetischen Fußsyndroms (DFS) und bestimmt in hohem Maße die Morbidität und Mortalität. Die pAVK ist häufige Usache von Majoramputationen. Die Inzidenz von Majoramputationen beträgt 0.5–5.0 pro 1000 Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus. Bei frustraner konventioneller Revaskularisation oder der fehlenden chirugischen Möglichkeit zur Verbesserung der Perfusion stellt die Applikation expandierter autologer Knochenmark-Stammzellen möglicherweise eine neue Therapieoption dar.
3‐D numerical analysis on the mixing performance for assemblies with filled zone of right‐handed and left‐handed double‐flighted screws and kneading blocks in twin‐screw extruders (2002)

Abstract We have calculated and visualized numerically the mixing performances of four kinds of assemblies in twin‐screw extruders that were composed of right‐handed or left‐handed double‐flighted full flight screws and neutral or left‐handed stagger angle kneading blocks, taking into consideration industrial usage. We have found that the mixing performance of a kneading block interposed between full flighted screws is strongly influenced by the flow of full flighted screws, in particular that of a neutral kneading block. Furthermore, we have proposed the simple mixing indices, which could describe both uniform mixing and heterogeneous mixing, and also applied them to our marker tracking results of four kinds of assemblies. We found that more uniform mixing is obtained for the assembly that has a neutral kneading block before the right‐handed full flight screw, and a more enhanced heterogeneous mixing is obtained for the assembly that has a left‐handed kneading block before the left‐handed full flight screw. The reason for the latter mixing ability will relate to the quasi‐channels of the left‐handed kneading block, through which marker clusters flow while elongating.
Eccrine Sweat Contains IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-31 and Activates Epidermal Keratinocytes as a Danger Signal (2013)

Eccrine sweat is secreted onto the skin's surface and is not harmful to normal skin, but can exacerbate eczematous lesions in atopic dermatitis. Although eccrine sweat contains a number of minerals, proteins, and proteolytic enzymes, how it causes skin inflammation is not clear. We hypothesized that it stimulates keratinocytes directly, as a danger signal. Eccrine sweat was collected from the arms of healthy volunteers after exercise, and levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the sweat were quantified by ELISA. We detected the presence of IL-1a, IL-1b, and high levels of IL-31 in sweat samples. To investigate whether sweat activates keratinocytes, normal human keratinocytes were stimulated with concentrated sweat. Western blot analysis demonstrated the activation of NF-kB, ERK, and JNK signaling in sweat-stimulated keratinocytes. Real-time PCR using total RNA and ELISA analysis of supernatants showed the upregulation of IL-8 and IL-1b by sweat. Furthermore, pretreatment with IL-1R antagonist blocked sweat-stimulated cytokine production and signal activation, indicating that bioactive IL-1 is a major factor in the activation of keratinocytes by sweat. Moreover, IL-31 seems to be another sweat stimulator that activates keratinocytes to produce inflammatory cytokine, CCL2. Sweat is secreted onto the skin's surface and does not come into contact with keratinocytes in normal skin. However, in skin with a defective cutaneous barrier, such as atopic dermatitis-affected skin, sweat cytokines can directly act on epidermal keratinocytes, resulting in their activation. In conclusion, eccrine sweat contains proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1 and IL-31, and activates epidermal keratinocytes as a danger signal.
MACHS: An authoring tool to create serious games for machine-tool operator training (2011)

In this paper, we present the project MACHS, a platform for the generation of serious games, i.e. courses in 3D environments for machine-tool training. The platform consists of two applications: an easy-to-use authoring tool for editing the courses and a 3D simulator for running them. In this paper, we describe the features and the functionalities of each part of the platform. We also describe the structure of the XML files designed for the storage of the information about courses, machines, cameras, interaction, etc. and how we use them to link the editor and the simulator.
Femtosecond lasers based on dispersion compensation with hybrid fiber (2017)

The key point in fabrication of all-fiber ultra-fast lasers operating near 1 μm is utilization of fibers with anomalous dispersion. A number of works were devoted to design of specialty fibers for this aim (Photonic Crystal fibers, Photonic Bandgap fibers, hollow core fibers, high order mode fiber and etc). However none of these fiber types have found wide commercial use due to its inherent disadvantages (high nonlinearity, high loss, few-modes operation regime and etc). Recently we have developed a novel promising fiber design, so called hybrid fiber [1]. Operating hybrid mode has anomalous dispersion of 10-100 ps/(nm-km), and could be excited by simple splicing with a standard step-index fiber. Asymptotically singlemode operation regime of hybrid fiber can be obtained by introduction in the structure of absorbing layer that suppresses all unwanted modes [2].In the current communication we utilize the developed asymptotically single-mode hybrid fiber for dispersion compensation in different laser schemes. Refractive index profile (RIP) of the fiber is shown in Fig.1a. The fiber has anomalous dispersion of about 60 ps/(nm km) at 1064 nm and a negative dispersion slope. Use of the hybrid fiber with length of 10.5 m allowed us to compress chirped pulse from duration of 7 ps to 440 fs with a perfect quality (without pedestal). In addition master oscillator scheme based on intra-cavity dispersion compensation with a help of the developed hybrid fiber was realized (Fig.2a). Typical high-order soliton spectrum was detected at the output of the laser (Fig.2b). The pulse duration was as short as 700 fs. Output power was 8.6 mW, the repetition rate was 15.75 MHz, the pulse energy was 0.55 nJ.
Embolic Protection and Platelet Inhibition During Renal Artery Stenting (2008)

Renal artery stenting alone, stenting with embolic protection, and stenting with abciximab were associated with a decline in glomerular filtration rate. An unanticipated interaction between Angioguard and abciximab was seen, with combination therapy better than no treatment or either treatment alone.
2,7‐disubstituted 1,3,6,8‐tetraazopyrene and related polymers (1964)

Abstract 2,7‐Disubstituted derivatives of 1,3,6,8‐tetraazopyrene were synthesized as model compounds for some polymers of similar structure. Conjugated and high molecular weight polymers were obtained by polycondensation of 1,4,5,8‐tetraaminophthalene with various diphenyl esters of bifunctional aromatic acids. The inherent viscosities of a number of polymers ranged from approximately 0.15 to 0.70. Most of the polymers are infusible and some of them are insoluble in the usual organic solvents. The thermal stability properties of the polymers were very good.
Decay and canker formation by <i>Phellinus</i><i>pini</i> in white and balsam fir (1982)

Phellinuspini (Thore ex Fr.) A. Ames var. cancriformans Larsen, Lombard, Aho and P. pini (Thore ex Fr.) A. Ames var. pini on white fir (Abiesconcolor (Gord. and Glend.) Lind. and balsam fir (A. balsamea Mill.), respectively, initiated a nonspecific host response in phloem and xylem. Light and scanning electron microscopy were used to elucidate canker formation and morphological characteristics of decayed wood. In phloem, cells occluded around infected areas but the fungus was not confined. Barrier zones in xylem consisted of numerous tangential series of resin ducts, parenchyma cells, and twisted tracheids. Although many barrier zones are formed, often several within one annual ring, the fungus was not effectively compartmentalized. The successful penetration or evasion of barrier zones resulted in canker enlargement by both fungi. Phellinuspini var. cancriformans caused a typical white rot decay of heartwood in white fir whereas P. pini var. pini in balsam fir caused a selective delignification of wood.
Acoustic Echo Cancellation with Reduced-Rank Adaptive Interpolated Filter Based on Parallel-Branch Diversity Decimation (2007)

This paper presents an efficient acoustic echo cancellation (AEC) scheme based on reduced-rank interpolated adaptive filtering with parallel decimation, motivated by diversity techniques developed in wireless communications. The proposed scheme jointly optimizes an interpolation filter, a decimator unit and a reduced-rank filter in such a way that the output error is minimized, leading to very substantial improvements of the mean squared error performance. With a practical choice of parameters in AEC, the total computational complexity of the proposed scheme is approximately half of the one of the NLMS algorithm. The numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed algorithm offers very significant reduction in mean squared error performance.
Large-scale gene discovery in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum(Hemiptera) (2006)

Aphids are the leading pests in agricultural crops. A large-scale sequencing of 40,904 ESTs from the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum was carried out to define a catalog of 12,082 unique transcripts. A strong AT bias was found, indicating a compositional shift between Drosophila melanogaster and A. pisum. An in silico profiling analysis characterized 135 transcripts specific to pea-aphid tissues (relating to bacteriocytes and parthenogenetic embryos). This project is the first to address the genetics of the Hemiptera and of a hemimetabolous insect.
Daisy Chaining Based Visual Servo Control Part II: Extensions, Applications and Open Problems (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.