gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chronic High Vibration in a Draft Fan (2002)

A bently nevada machinery specialist was asked to balance an induced draft (ID) fan at a grain distillery. The fan was located on the sixth floor of a sixty-year-old power house, a very flexible support structure.
JOSEPHSON NDRO MEMORY CELL WITH A DIRECT-COUPLED SENSE GATE. (1984)

Nouveau type de memoire morte a lecture non destructive Josephson, ou le circuit de lecture est couple directement a la partie memoire. La cellule de memoire fonctionne sans la complexite des sequences des signaux et la marge de fonctionnement est d'environ ±20%
Automated defect, inclusion and morphological analysis of Solarex polycrystalline silicon (2002)

Studies in the past have characterized in detail the microstructure of polycrystalline silicon. It has been difficult to acquire a sufficient quantity of information to determine ingot solidification characteristics. For this purpose, a map of grain size and defect and inclusion densities on a complete wafer is required. Producing these maps consumes a large amount of time and effort. To expedite the process, a PC-based image analysis system to acquire and analyze structural information for an entire 11.4 cm*11.4 cm wafer has been constructed. The system indicates grain area and boundary length, defect (etch pit) densities for features 1 mu or larger over an area of 0.01 cm/sup 2/, and inclusion densities for features 1 mu and larger over an area of 0.64 cm/sup 2/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Normal Virus Load in Blood and Normal Immunologic Reactivity in the EBV Regression Assay (1995)

The etiology of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is unknown. Some patients have high antibody titers to viral capsid antigen (VCA) and early antigen (EA) of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), suggesting that reactivation of EBV is involved. We investigated virus load (spontaneous transformation) and immunologic regression of EBV-induced transformation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 10 selected patients with CFS who had high antibody titers to VCA and EA. The outcome was compared with that for nine healthy controls and one patient with severe chronic active EBV infection (SCAEBV). There were no significant differences in viral load between patients and healthy controls. Immunologic regression of in vitro-transformed PBMCs was also equally efficient in patients and controls. The SCAEBV-infected patient and two controls, who were all seronegative for EBV, showed impaired regression. In conclusion, we were unable to demonstrate a role for reactivation of EBV in CFS, even in selected patients with high titers of antibody to VCA and EA of EBV.
TMC Traffic Data Automation For Mn/DOT's Traffic Monitoring Program (2004)

The Minnesota Department of Transportation (Mn/DOT) has been responsible for collecting, analyzing and publishing traffic count from the various roadway systems throughout the state. The traffic reporting system mainly developed by the Traffic Forecasting and Analysis Section (TFAS) of Mn/DOT has been used in several federal programs, internal Mn/DOT applications and many private sectors. The objective of this project was to continue the TFAS' automation efforts by automating the TMC portion of traffic data (ITS generated data) contributed to the Mn/DOT's Traffic Monitoring System. The focus was given to develop an Internet based system that produces computerized reports on continuous and short-duration count data. One of the challenges of utilizing ITS generated traffic data for computing continuous and short-duration count was in dealing with missing and incorrect data produced by faulty conditions of traffic data collection systems including detectors and communication links. This study found that data imputation techniques based on spatial and temporal inferences of traffic flow can overcome the difficulties and produce accurate statistical data. This report describes the details on actual implementation of the algorithms developed, analysis utilities and practical system integration examples. One unresolved issue in this project was dealing with the stations in which nearly no data is available for the entire year, which was observed from 2-3% of the short-duration count stations. This problem is left for future work.
Antitumor activity of (<i>R,R’</i>)‐4‐methoxy‐1‐naphthylfenoterol in a rat C6 glioma xenograft model in the mouse (2013)

(R,R')-4-methoxy-1-naphthylfenoterol (MNF) inhibits cancer cell proliferation in vitro through cell-type specific modulation of β2-adrenergic receptor and/or cannabinoid receptor function. Here, we report an investigation into antitumor activity of MNF in rat C6 glioma cells. The potent antiproliferative action of MNF in these cells (IC50 of ∼1 nmol/L) was refractory to pharmacological inhibition of β2-adrenergic receptor while a synthetic inverse agonist of cannabinoid receptor 1 significantly blocked MNF activity. The antitumor activity of MNF was then assessed in a C6 glioblastoma xenograft model in mice. Three days after subcutaneous implantation of C6 cells into the lower flank of nude mice, these animals were subjected to i.p. injections of saline or MNF (2 mg/kg) for 19 days and tumor volumes were measured over the course of the experiment. Gene expression analysis, quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblot assays were performed on the tumors after treatment. Significant reduction in mean tumor volumes was observed in mice receiving MNF when compared with the saline-treated group. We identified clusters in expression of genes involved in cellular proliferation, as well as molecular markers for glioblastoma that were significantly downregulated in tumors of MNF-treated mice as compared to saline-injected controls. The efficacy of MNF against C6 glioma cell proliferation in vivo and in vitro was accompanied by marked reduction in the expression of cell cycle regulator proteins. This study is the first demonstration of MNF-dependent chemoprevention of a glioblastoma xenograft model and may offer a potential mechanism for its anticancer action in vivo.
Semantic interoperability in a heterogeneous smart lighting system (2010)

Smart spaces typically consist of collaborating heterogeneous nodes with various resource capacities, e.g. processing, memory, storage, energy capabilities. Low capacity nodes can operate using very simple protocols, allowing them to provide and consume only simple services, as opposed to devices with higher capacity, which are not limited by such constraints. Providing seamless connection and collaboration between low and high capacity nodes, i.e. interoperability, remains a challenge. This paper presents an approach for interoperability among nodes of a smart lighting system via a gateway node considering nodes of two platforms: low capacity wireless light sensors and actuators on the one hand and high capacity Smart-M3 nodes on the other hand. The gateway node is able to communicate over heterogeneous networks using different communication protocols, transferring light model information between the smart space nodes.
Automated auditory biofeedback training to enhance postural control and mobility in patients with Parkinson's disease: Preliminary results from SENSACTION-AAL (2009)

Impaired postural control and\ndiminished mobility are common among older\nadults, especially among patients with\nneurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's\ndisease (PD). Unfortunately, traditional therapeutic\napproaches are often not effective at treating these\nmotor deficits [1, 2]. Previous work has\ndemonstrated that auditory biofeedback (ABF) may\nbe used to enhance postural control in patients with\nbilateral vestibular dysfunction [3]. We speculated\nthat ABF could be applied to augment feedback and\ntreat the motor deficits common in aging and PD\nand tested the hypothesis that four weeks of training\nwith automated ABF enhances postural control, gait,\nmobility and health-related quality of life in patients\nwith PD.
Making winners for both education and research: Verification and validation process improvement practice in a software engineering course (2011)

An empirical study is provided on teaching Verification & Validation (V&V) process practice in a real-client graduate level software engineering course which makes students and researchers mutual winners. From our observation and experiences during the course, on the education side, several reflection-in-action techniques are used to educate and train students. These include inspections, architecture review boards, grading criteria, monitoring of their quality management plans, student critiques of their project experiences, and client evaluations. On the research side, students' feedback, evaluation, and critiques provide not only previous empirical evidence for the researchers' research proposal, but also great opportunities to refine their research methods from lessons learned from the course, and in turn to improve the course quality.
Monolithic eye-safer photonic crystal fiber lasers and amplifiers (2012)

We report on the performance of monolithic, polarization maintaining, Er-doped photonic crystal fibers (PCF) and amplifiers operating in the eye-safer wavelength regime from 1.55-1.6 um. As part of this effort, we have developed novel 6x1+1 pump/signal combiners for air-clad photonic crystal fibers with six 0.22 NA, 200/220 um pump input fibers and a 25/250 PM signal fiber that allow efficient pump and signal coupling to the air-clad Er-doped PCF. These etched air taper combiners have been demonstrated at the kilowatt level under 976 nm pumping and perform an efficient brightness transformation from 0.19 NA, 1532 nm fiber coupled diode pumps into the 0.6 NA air-clad Er-doped PCF with a measured pump throughput efficiency of 88-92% and a signal throughput of 65-80% with a PER of <18 dB. These novel combiners have been efficiently spliced to 40 um core, 200 um pump cladding Er-doped PCFs providing high efficiency resonantly pumped, monolithic, eye-safer PCF fiber lasers and amplifiers. Using grating stabilized 1532 nm pump diodes, our current experiments have demonstrated single transverse mode operation of both monolithic eyesafer PCF lasers and amplifiers at the multi-Watt level with slope efficiencies of over 55%.
Design, Construction, Field Testing, and Cost Analysis of An Experimental Electrodialysis Demineralizer for Brackish Waters (1956)

Rpeort describing the electrodialysis process as a possible practical means for demineralizing saline waters. The tests described in the report are used to determine the effects of operating the process under field conditions, to provide estimates of the cost of demineralizing brackish waters on a large scale, and as a means of planning further needed research in this field.
The Use of Artificial Turf as a Foraging Substrate for Individually Housed Rhesus Monkeys (<i>Macaca Mulatta)</i> (1992)

Abstract The provisioning of foraging opportunities to primates has been shown to be an effective means of enriching the laboratory environment. In this study artificial turf was used as the substrate for a particulate food given to the subjects as an environmental enrichment technique. Eight rhesus monkeys exhibited a significant reduction in behavioural pathology when allowed to extend the amount of time they spent in consummatory activities. An increasing trend in time spent foraging with a concomitant decline in aberrant behaviour over a period of six months was particularly noteworthy. No significant difference in preference for particulate monkey chow or more flavourful particulate food treats was expressed by the primates.
Crystallization studies of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) Tat protein and its trans-activation response element (TAR) RNA (1994)

Small single crystals are reported of a complex between a small peptide fragment of the HIV-1 Tat protein and a fragment of the RNA to which it binds. Tat is responsible for enhancing the level of expression of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and is a logical target for AIDS therapy. Tat may function to increase the level of transcription initiation or to prevent premature termination of transcripts. In vitro, Tat binds through its basic domain (two Lys and six Arg in nine residues) to a three-nucleotide bulge of a stem-loop RNA structure called TAR. Complex formation between Tat and TAR is necessary for Tat activity. Peptides which contain the basic region of Tat also bind to TAR RNA. We have carried out crystallization experiments on a 27-nucleotide fragment of TAR RNA and on complexes between two Tat peptides and TAR.
Effect of particle hydrophobicity on the properties of liquid water marbles (2013)

We study both the static properties and dynamic behavior of liquid water marbles coated with silica nanoparticles of varied hydrophobicity. The static properties are characterized by the variation of marble height and diameter with increasing marble volume, such that the effective surface tension γeff of the marble can be obtained. The dynamic behavior of liquid marbles includes their impingement on a solid surface and their compression between two parallel glass plates. Marbles coated with particles of intermediate hydrophobicity exhibit maximum γeff values and enhanced mechanical robustness. Due to particle detachment from or particle rearrangement at the air–water interface caused by the impact, the dynamic surface tensions γd of liquid water marbles are different in magnitude to those of γeff. In fact, γd plays an important role in determining the contact time and oscillation period during the impact and rebound processes. Our results show that both the static effective and dynamic surface tension depend on the hydrophobicity of the particles coating the marble surfaces.
Provably Secure Steganography: Achieving Zero K-L Divergence using Statistical Restoration (2006)

In this paper, we present a framework for the design of steganographic schemes that can provide provable security by achieving zero Kullback-Leibler divergence between the cover and the stego signal distributions, while hiding at high rates. The approach is to reserve a number of host symbols for statistical restoration: host statistics perturbed by data embedding are restored by suitably modifying the symbols from the reserved set. A dynamic embedding approach is proposed, which avoids hiding in low probability regions of the host distribution. The framework is applied to design practical schemes for image steganography, which are evaluated using supervised learning on a set of about 1000 natural images. For the presented JPEG steganography scheme, it is seen that the detector is indeed reduced to random guessing.
Design Of An X-Ray Lithography Beam Line (1989)

The design of a lithographic beamline for use on a synchrotron x-ray source is an interdisciplinary problem. The joint objectives of delivering a well collimated, high intensity beam of x-rays to a photoresist while maintaining high or ultra-high vacuum integrity requires knowledge from a variety of fields. For example, one must apply accelerator physics, materials science, x-ray optics, mechanical engineering, ultra-high vacuum technology and control systems engineering in order to design beamline optical, mechanical, safety and control elements. We provide a description of the design of a beamline for use on the VUV ring at the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, to be used with a commercially available step and repeat x-ray aligner.
Wave Motion in Rockfill (1975)

A mathematical model, coupling an external nonlinear wave and the resulting internal flow in a rockfill embankment with an impervious core is presented. The method of characteristics along with a finite difference scheme are utilized in the numerical solution. The model deals with the non-Darcy flow regimes but can be simplified to treat Darcy flow. Wave experiments on various rectangular rockfill embankments are described. The numerical solutions for typical slow and fast drop cases are compared with the corresponding experimental results. The theoretical and experimental wave transmission curves, reflection coefficients, and run-up values are all in good agreement.
Are brain injuries a significant problem in soccer (1999)

This article examines the types of forces that the brain is subjected to in soccer, secondary to both acute brain injury and repetitive heading of the ball. The incidence of acute brain injury is reviewed, as well as studies documenting the effects of heading the ball. Finally, 10 actions are proposed that would make soccer a safer sport with respect to brain injuries and provide avenues for further study in this area.
FABRICATION OF 3D MICROELECTRODES FOR LITHIUM ION BATTERIES BY ELECTROPHORETIC DEPOSITION (2009)

An integrated array of thick Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 electrodes was fabricated by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). A precisely controlled electric field distribution by the three-electrode EPD system enabled the formation of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 electrodes on the lines selected in the interdigitated microarray Au current collectors. The array of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 electrodes exhibited good rate capability with larger discharge capacities than those of the electrode prepared by the sol–gel method, due to the increment of electrode thickness (0.6 μm → 4.2 μm) and the simultaneous deposition of conducting and binding materials with Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 particles. A cell consisting of the microarray Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , lithium metal anode, and poly(methyl methacrylate) gel electrolyte was successfully operated at 1.55 V and had the discharge capacity of 105.4 μ A h cm -2 .
Design and Numerical Analysis of a Button Heat Pulse Probe for Soil Water Content Measurement (2009)

Evaluation of a newly designed button heat pulse probe (BHPP) demonstrated the potential for improved soil water content measurements. Compared with the conventional heat pulse probe (HPP), the BHPP does not use needles, but instead consists of a ring‐shaped 6‐mm‐radius heating element and a central thermistor, both embedded in the face of a plastic disk (6 mm thick and 16 mm in diameter). After calibration of the effective heater–thermistor spacing from temperature response measurements in agar, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to demonstrate the potential advantages of the BHPP. Measurement accuracy and robustness of the BHPP were significantly improved compared with the conventional HPP. Errors associated with needle deflection were eliminated by the design, whereas the water content measurement sensitivity was increased by the central placement of the thermistor. We used inverse modeling with a finite‐element heat transport model to illustrate the increased sensitivity of the BHPP to soil water content measurements.
Hybrid networks: cellular-relay architecture (2005)

Summary form only given. Peer-to-peer communication networks such as sensor networks, personal area networks and wireless local area networks are characterized by multi-hop wireless communications in which information may be routed from source to destination via multiple wireless links. On the other hand cellular networks are single-hop networks in which wireless communication is between the mobile node and the base station only. Convergence will be a main theme of future networks that provide ubiquitous high rate services seamlessly through converged technologies. Motivated by this we propose cellular network architectures with multihop transmission from the base station to terminals and vice versa through relays. Relays are network elements (fixed or mobile) or other user terminals that have significantly more intelligence than repeaters and are capable of storing and forwarding data and making scheduling and routing decisions. Relay nodes are not connected to the wireline network through a back-haul connection, but have to rely on wireless transmission to communicate to the base station. We discuss a variety of deployment scenarios involving multi-hop transmission through relays. Cellular-relay networks could be such that the relay to terminal links use different spectrum than base to terminal links. For example, the relays could communicate to the terminals through a wireless local area network using the IEEE 802.11 air interface, in which case the relays are like access points and use the unlicensed band, while the base station transmits to the relays using the licensed cellular network spectrum. In this model, mobile terminals are assumed to have both cellular and IEEE 802.11 interfaces, which is becoming increasingly common. An alternative scenario is one in which the two kinds of hops use two different carriers within the spectrum assigned to the cellular network operator. It is also possible to deploy relays in such a way that no additional carrier or spectrum is required and transmissions from base station to relays and relays to user terminals use the same spectrum. Capacity gains are achieved even in such a scenario because of the additional effective spectrum reuse that is obtained due to the spatial separation of the relays and their lower transmit power compared to that of the base station. We present a detailed description of such a system including the signaling scheme and the medium access protocol for high-speed packet data applications. Finally we discuss benefits of relay based cellular network architectures for multicast traffic. In this model, the multicast throughput is not limited by the link quality of the user at the edge of the cell since transmission happens through appropriately selected relays.
Cation-activated phosphatase activities in islet cell plasma membrane preparations. (1980)

Pancreatic islets from rats or ob/ob mice were homogenized and fractionated either by a two-step or one-step sucrose gradient centrifugation. A plasma membrane enriched fraction was obtained at a sucrose density of about 1.10. The distribution of the plasma membrane probe 125I-wheat germ agglutinin was parallel to that of other plasma membrane markers. Hydrolysis of Mg-ATP-gamma-3Pp in rat islet membranes was of high specific activity, but was little affected by K+ and/or Na+. K+-activated, ouabain-sensitive phosphatase activities were, on the other hand, readily demonstrated in both rat and ob/ob mouse islet membranes. The K+-activated hydrolysis of organophosphate indicators were markedly inhibited by ATP. The binding of 45Ca2+ to mouse islet plasma membranes was increased by ATP. Cation transport and the interaction of Ca2+ with the islet cell plasma membrane may be dependent on phosphoryl-transfer reactions with ATP as the physiological substrate.
3,3-Dichloroprop-2-ene Iminium Salts (Vinylogous Viehe Salts): A Study of Their Reactivity Towards Nucleophiles (1997)

The title compounds 3 react regioselectively at either the 1- or 3-position depending on the reaction partner. Chloro substitution affording new propene iminium salts is preferred e.g. in the reaction with mercaptans (to 10, 11), amines (to 7, 14, 15), and some activated arenes and hetarenes (to 26, 27). Nucleophilic attack at the 1-position providing an allyl or allylidene structure is observed e.g. in the reaction with water (to 4), alcohol (to 6), trialkyl phosphite (to 21, 22), trimethylsilyl cyanide (to 30), Grignard reagents (to 31), and acceptor activated methylene compounds (to 33-44). Reaction at both positions with heterocyclization to 13 occurs with thioamide functions. The regiochemistry depends on a complex interplay of several factors in contrast to the FMO predicted orientation. The utility of 3 and some consecutive products as versatile C3-building blocks for further syntheses is foreseeable.
CALCIUM OXALATE CARRIER PRECIPITATION OF Pu (1954)

A plant-scale procedure for concentrating Fu and Am in slag and crucible (metal reduction residues) and other recovery solutions by a calcium oxalate carrier precipitation is described. Conclusions from exploratory laboratory tests on the variables affecting the efficiency are included. (auth)