gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Primary Angioplasty — Enduring the Test of Time (1999)

The role of mechanical reperfusion as compared with thrombolytic therapy for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction has remained controversial since Rentrop et al.1 first reestablished perfusion in patients with myocardial infarction by dislodging the occluding coronary thrombus with a guide wire. Since then, considerable evidence has shown that thrombolytic agents are effective in restoring blood flow, improving left ventricular function, and reducing mortality from acute myocardial infarction. Primary treatment with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty has been shown to have similar benefits, and controversy continues over what method is more effective.Those who favor thrombolytic therapy emphasize its advantages over . . .
Infectious Diarrheal Diseases. Current Concepts and Laboratory Procedures (1984)

This is an excellent short textbook on the subject of parasitic disease in humans. While I would give it an enthusiastic recommendation, at the same time I must admit that the recommendation is also qualified. It strikes me as having been written to fill the need for a textbook that could be used in teaching health providers about diseases caused by parasites. It is organized to fit this goal. If one wishes to find out about parasites causing dermatis, look in Chapter 10, “Local Effects of Parasitism, Skin Disease.” This sort of organization is comfortable for the medical student, both in its similarity to the way other medical texts are structured and in its ability to lead to potential diagnoses without the necessity of knowing the Latin names of parasites at the outset.
Ability of Escherichia coli isolates that cause meningitis in newborns to invade epithelial and endothelial cells (1996)

Escherichia coli isolates that cause meningitis in newborns are able to invade the circulation and subsequently cross the blood-brain barrier. One mechanism for traversing the blood-brain barrier might involve transcytosis through the endothelial cells. The ability of the meningitis isolate E. coli IHE3034, of serotype 018:K1:H7, to invade epithelial (T24) and endothelial (EA-hy926) cells was investigated by the standard gentamicin survival assay and by electron microscopy. Human bladder epithelial and endothelial cells were efficiently invaded by strain IHE3034, whereas epithelial human colon Caco-2 cells, canine kidney MDCK cells, and the opossum [correction of opposum] epithelial kidney cell line OK were not invaded. The ability to invade human epithelial cells of the bladder could also be demonstrated for several other newborn meningitis E. coli strains and one septicemic E. coli strain. Studies utilizing inhibitors which act on eukaryotic cells revealed a dependence on microfilaments as well as on microtubules in the process of E. coli IHE3034 entry into T24 and EA-hy926 cells. These results indicated that cell cytoskeletal rearrangements are involved in bacterial uptake and suggest that there are either two pathways (microtubule dependent and microfilament dependent) or one complex pathway involving both microtubules and microfilaments. The intracellular IHE3034 organisms were contained in a host-membrane-confined compartment mainly as single microorganisms. Intracellular replication of 1HE3034 was not detected, nor did the number of intracellular bacteria decrease significantly during a 48-h period. The ability of E. coli O18:K1 to invade and survive within certain eukaryotic cells may be another virulence factor of meningitis-associated E. coli.
Proteomic Insights into Sulfur Metabolism in the Hydrogen-Producing Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 (2015)

The hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 has been shown to produce H₂ when using CO, formate, or starch as a growth substrate. This strain can also utilize elemental sulfur as a terminal electron acceptor for heterotrophic growth. To gain insight into sulfur metabolism, the proteome of T. onnurineus NA1 cells grown under sulfur culture conditions was quantified and compared with those grown under H₂-evolving substrate culture conditions. Using label-free nano-UPLC-MSE-based comparative proteomic analysis, approximately 38.4% of the total identified proteome (589 proteins) was found to be significantly up-regulated (≥1.5-fold) under sulfur culture conditions. Many of these proteins were functionally associated with carbon fixation, Fe-S cluster biogenesis, ATP synthesis, sulfur reduction, protein glycosylation, protein translocation, and formate oxidation. Based on the abundances of the identified proteins in this and other genomic studies, the pathways associated with reductive sulfur metabolism, H₂-metabolism, and oxidative stress defense were proposed. The results also revealed markedly lower expression levels of enzymes involved in the sulfur assimilation pathway, as well as cysteine desulfurase, under sulfur culture condition. The present results provide the first global atlas of proteome changes triggered by sulfur, and may facilitate an understanding of how hyperthermophilic archaea adapt to sulfur-rich, extreme environments.
Optimisation modelling for thermal fatigue reliability of lead‐free interconnects in fine‐pitch flip‐chip packaging (2009)

Purpose This paper aims to present an integrated optimisation‐modelling computational approach for virtual prototyping that helps design engineers to improve the reliability and performance of electronic components and systems through design optimisation at the early product development stage. The design methodology is used to identify the optimal design of lead‐free (Sn3.9Ag0.6Cu) solder joints in fine‐pitch copper column bumped flip‐chip electronic packages. Design/methodology/approach The design methodology is generic and comprises numerical techniques for computational modelling (finite element analysis) coupled with numerical methods for statistical analysis and optimisation. In this study, the integrated optimisation‐modelling design strategy is adopted to prototype virtually a fine‐pitch flip‐chip package at the solder interconnect level, so that the thermal fatigue reliability of the lead‐free solder joints is improved and important design rules to minimise the creep in the solder material, exposed to thermal cycling regimes, are formulated. The whole prototyping process is executed in an automated way once the initial design task is formulated and the conditions and the settings for the numerical analysis used to evaluate the flip‐chip package behaviour are specified. Different software modules that incorporate the required numerical techniques are used to identify the solution of the design optimisation problem related to solder joints reliability optimisation. Findings For fine‐pitch flip‐chip packages with copper column bumped die, it is found that higher solder joint volume and height of the copper column combined with lower copper column radius and solder wetting around copper column have a positive effect on the thermo‐mechanical reliability. Originality/value The findings of this research provide design rules for more reliable lead‐free solder joints for copper column bumped flip‐chip packages and help to establish further the technology as one of the viable routes for flip‐chip packaging.
Modification of a nonlocal electron energy distribution in a bounded plasma (2005)

It is demonstrated experimentally, in a pulsed discharge, that it is possible to modify the "tail" of a nonlocal electron energy distribution (EED) without significantly changing the electron density and temperature (mean energy). The EED tail is modified by changing the potential of a small portion of the plasma boundary and/or by changing the volume creation rate of electrons with energies in the range of the tail of the EED. The discussed effects are a direct result of the nonlocal nature of the EED and have applications to a number of basic research issues associated with discharges under nonequilibrium conditions. As an example, we discuss the possibility of utilizing these methods to measure electron impact excitation cross sections from the metastable states of atoms, which are difficult to measure by other means. The experiments have been conducted in an argon and argon-nitrogen pulsed rf inductively coupled plasma discharge.
Effect of t-BuS vs. n-BuS on the topology, Cu⋯Cu distances and luminescence properties of 2D Cu4I4/RS(CH2)4SR metal–organic frameworks (2011)

CuI reacts with RS(CH2)4SR (R = n-Bu (L1); t-Bu (L2)) to afford the 2D coordination polymers [Cu4I4{μ-RS(CH2)4SR}2]n (R = n-Bu (1); t-Bu (2)). Their grid networks exhibit nodal Cu4(μ3-I)4 clusters interconnected by dithioethers with mean Cu⋯Cu distances of 2.7265(10) and 2.911(2) Å for 1 and 2, respectively. This difference translates in a blue shift of the solid state emission bands and a decrease in emission lifetimes when trading R = n-Bu to the bulky t-Bu.
Correlation of lipoprotein epoxide content to microvascular function after short‐term walnut intake (831.5) (2014)

We examined the relationship of walnut intake and walnut derived fatty acids on outcome measures of vascular health. Hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women (n=36) were randomized to 4 weeks of 5 or 40g of daily walnut intake. Outcomes were measured after an overnight fast and 4 h after walnut intake, prior to and after the 4 week intervention. Forty g of walnut intake increased polyunsaturated fat intake, including n‐3 and n‐6 fatty acids. After 4 weeks of 40g of walnut intake, microvascular function as assessed by reactive hyperemia index (RHI) was significantly increased, while the augmentation index at a heart rate of 75, a measure of pulse wave reflection and arterial stiffness, was significantly decreased. No significant changes in vascular function were observed with 5g of walnut intake. Four weeks of 40g of walnut intake significantly reduced LDL levels, while increasing the lipoprotein content of alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA). A number of ALA and LA oxylipins were increased within lipoproteins, particularly HDL. The changes in 12(13)‐epoxyoctadecamonoenoic acid (ρ = 0.78) and 15(16)‐epoxyoctadecadienoic acid (ρ=0.70) epoxides of LA and ALA, respectively, within HDL were significantly correlated to improvements in RHI. In conclusion, short‐term walnut intake increased microvascular function, possibly through changes to specific LA and ALA oxylipins within lipoproteins.
Solubility of CaSO<sub>4</sub>Phases in Aqueous HCl + CaCl<sub>2</sub>Solutions from 283 K to 353 K (2005)

Solubilities of calcium sulfate dihydrate, hemihydrate, and anhydrite in concentrated HCl, CaCl2, and their mixed aqueous solutions were measured by using the classic isothermal dissolution method at the temperature range from (283 to 353) K. The concentration investigated for HCl is up to 12 mol·dm-3 and for CaCl2 is up to 3.5 mol·dm-3 at room temperature. The solubility of CaSO4 phases in all cases investigated was found to increase with the temperature increment with the exception of anhydrite in CaCl2 solutions. In pure HCl media, increasing the acid concentration in the range of (0.0 to 3) mol·dm-3 HCl causes the solubility of CaSO4·2H2O or CaSO4 to increase reaching a maximum value and then decrease gradually with further increasing HCl concentration. In the concentrated range of (8 to 12) mol·dm-3 HCl, the solubility of CaSO4·1/2H2O decreases with acid concentration. In HCl + CaCl2 mixed media, the addition of CaCl2 causes the solubility of all three phases to decrease due apparently to common ion effect.
Trouser Tearing of a Model Natural Rubber Tire Belt Vulcanizate. Part 3: Effect of Deformation During Anaerobic Aging (2010)

Abstract The effect of test rate and cure time on the trouser tear strength of a model NR tire belt vulcanizate was discussed previously. Specimens had thick legs and a thin (intended) tear path. Particular attention was paid to the type (steady, stick-slip) and locus of tearing. We now employ trouser tear test pieces that were held at fixed extension ratio λ 0 perpendicular to specimen length while they were anaerobically aged for 48 h at 120 °C. After aging, specimens were released and retracted to λ r before they were torn apart at 23 °C. When aging had taken place without pre-extension (λ r =1) , specimens remained strong and tearing was knotty, but tearing became steady and easy when test pieces had been sufficiently extended during aging.
Applications of modern sensors and wireless technology in effective wound management (2013)

The management of chronic wounds has emerged as a major health care challenge during the 21st century consuming, significant portions of health care budgets. Chronic wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers, leg ulcers, and pressure sores have a significant negative impact on the quality of life of affected individuals. Covering wounds with suitable dressings facilitates the healing process and is common practice in wound management plans. However, standard dressings do not provide insights into the status of the wound underneath. Parameters such as moisture, pressure, temperature and pH inside the dressings are indicative of the healing rate, infection, and wound healing phase. But owing to the lack of information available from within the dressings, these are often changed to inspect the wound, disturbing the normal healing process of wounds in addition to causing pain to the patient. Sensors embedded in the dressing would provide clinicians and nurses with important information that would aid in wound care decision making, improve patient comfort, and reduce the frequency of dressing changes. The potential benefits of this enabling technology would be seen in terms of a reduction in hospitalization time and health care cost. Modern sensing technology along with wireless radio frequency communication technology is poised to make significant advances in wound management. This review discusses issues related to the design and implementation of sensor technology and telemetry systems both incorporated in wound dressings to devise an automated wound monitoring technology, and also surveys the literature available on current sensor and wireless telemetry systems.
The <i>Staphylococcus aureus cidAB</i> Operon: Evaluation of Its Role in Regulation of Murein Hydrolase Activity and Penicillin Tolerance (2003)

Recent studies have shown that expression of the Staphylococcus aureus lrgAB operon inhibits murein hydrolase activity and decreases sensitivity to penicillin-induced killing. It was proposed that the lrgAB gene products function in a manner analogous to an antiholin, inhibiting a putative holin from transporting murein hydrolases out of the cell. In the present study the cidAB operon was identified and characterized based on the similarity of the cidA and cidB gene products to the products of the lrgAB operon. Zymographic and quantitative analyses of murein hydrolase activity revealed that mutation of the cidA gene results in decreased extracellular murein hydrolase activity compared to that of S. aureus RN6390, the parental strain. Complementation of cidA expression restored the wild-type phenotype, indicating that expression of the cidAB operon has a positive influence on extracellular murein hydrolase activity. The cidA mutant also displayed a significant decrease in sensitivity to the killing effects of penicillin. However, complementation of the cidA defect did not restore penicillin sensitivity to wild-type levels. Reverse transcriptase PCR also revealed that cidAB is maximally expressed during early exponential growth, opposite of what was previously observed for lrgAB expression. Based on these results, we propose that the cidAB operon encodes the holin-like counterpart of the lrgAB operon and acts in a manner opposite from that of lrgAB by increasing extracellular murein hydrolase activity and increasing sensitivity to penicillin-induced killing.
Hydrogen-induced-loss increases in erbium-doped amplifier fibers: revised predictions (1994)

It has been recognized that typical Er-doped fibers can experience long-term loss increases and gain degradation due to hydrogen reactions that form OH in germanioaluminosilicate host glasses. 1.2 A worst-case analysis based on initial reaction rates has predicted substantial loss increases, and the use of hermetic coatings has been suggested to prevent hydrogen-induced-loss increases.' In this paper we analyze the OH growth kinetics in more detail and conclude that the observed kinetics for a typical nonhermetic fiber are in excellent agreement with a model in which there is a broad distribution of activation energies for the hydrogen reaction. Predicted losses are significantly lower than those from previous estimates.
Fusion of an Oligopeptide to the N Terminus of an Alkaline α-Amylase from Alkalimonas amylolytica Simultaneously Improves the Enzyme's Catalytic Efficiency, Thermal Stability, and Resistance to Oxidation (2013)

In this study, we constructed and expressed six fusion proteins composed of oligopeptides attached to the N terminus of the alkaline α-amylase (AmyK) from Alkalimonas amylolytica. The oligopeptides had various effects on the functional and structural characteristics of AmyK. AmyK-p1, the fusion protein containing peptide 1 (AEAEAKAKAEAEAKAK), exhibited improved specific activity, catalytic efficiency, alkaline stability, thermal stability, and oxidative stability compared with AmyK. Compared with AmyK, the specific activity and catalytic constant (kcat) of AmyK-p1 were increased by 4.1-fold and 3.5-fold, respectively. The following properties were also improved in AmyK-p1 compared with AmyK: kcat/Km increased from 1.8 liter/(g·min) to 9.7 liter/(g·min), stable pH range was extended from 7.0 to 11.0 to 7.0 to 12.0, optimal temperature increased from 50°C to 55°C, and the half-life at 60°C increased by ∼2-fold. Moreover, AmyK-p1 showed improved resistance to oxidation and retained 54% of its activity after incubation with H2O2, compared with 20% activity retained by AmyK. Finally, AmyK-p1 was more compatible than AmyK with the commercial solid detergents tested. The mechanisms responsible for these changes were analyzed by comparing the three-dimensional (3-D) structural models of AmyK and AmyK-p1. The significantly enhanced catalytic efficiency and stability of AmyK-p1 suggests its potential as a detergent ingredient. In addition, the oligopeptide fusion strategy described here may be useful for improving the catalytic efficiency and stability of other industrial enzymes.
Exchange interaction between three and four coupled quantum dots: Theory and applications to quantum computing (2004)

Several prominent proposals have suggested that spins of localized electrons could serve as quantum computer qubits. The exchange interaction has been invoked as a means of implementing two qubit gates. In this paper, we analyze the strength and form of the exchange interaction under relevant conditions. We find that, when several spins are engaged in mutual interactions, the quantitative strengths or even qualitative forms of the interactions can change. A variety of interaction forms can arise depending on the symmetry of the system. It is shown that the changes can be dramatic within a Heitler-London model. Hund-M\"ulliken calculations are also presented, and support the qualitative conclusions from the Heitler-London model. The effects need to be considered in spin-based quantum computer designs, either as a source of gate error to be overcome or a new interaction to be exploited.
The duck hepatitis B virus pre-C region encodes a signal sequence which is essential for synthesis and secretion of processed core proteins but not for virus formation (1987)

Analysis of the serum of duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV)-infected ducks has revealed the presence of C-terminally truncated viral core proteins (e antigens). These proteins are glycosylated and therefore were not released from infected cells by lysis but rather by active secretion, indicating that the DHBV core protein can be synthesized alternatively as a cytoplasmic or a secretory protein. Transient expression of cloned wild-type DHBV DNA and of a specifically designed viral mutant in a human hepatoma cell line (Hep-G2) showed that the DHBV core gene promoter is active in differentiated human liver cells and that synthesis and secretion of the processed core proteins are dependent on the expression of the pre-C region, a small open reading frame which precedes the core gene. In addition, these experiments showed that the mechanism of core protein processing and secretion is conserved between DHBV and the human hepatitis B virus and therefore might be important for the hepatitis B virus life cycle in general. In spite of this, intrahepatic injection of the pre-C mutant into uninfected ducks resulted in viremia without concomitant e-antigen synthesis, indicating that virus formation is independent of pre-C expression.
Optimized time window for cardiac CT reconstruction based on Doppler tissue imaging (DTI) data (2006)

Optimal time windowing in cardiac CT reconstruction would permit a reduction of motion artifacts. We used Doppler Tissue Imaging (DTI) in order to acquire the speed and displacement of region of interest in one direction with a high temporal resolution. Applied on different segments of coronary arteries, 3D information is recovered in three quasi orthogonal acquisitions (abdominal, parasternal and apical views). Their reproducibility was carried on five healthy subjects. This experiment will allow finding the best time window for reconstruction. A window of half the rotation time (250ms for our CT) was estimated based on minimization of the motion variation in 3D. Since we obtained a high reproducibility between the two sessions (generally < 2mm) DTI could be an interesting approach to evaluate motion in 3D. This yields more information as compared to 2D data. Future work will require additional acquisitions and experiments in order to analyze more in depth the variability and the influence of the heart rate. The collected data will be used also as input for our motion platform and CT simulation.
Interleukin-la Reduces the Severity of the Vascular Leak Syndrome Produced by Interleukin-2 and Interleukin-2 Plus Interferon-a (1994)

Histological and ultrastructural changes were investigated in lung, liver, and heart of mice given interleukin-2 (IL-2), either alone or in combination with other cytokines. IL-2 induced a vascular leak syndrome (VLS) of a moderate degree with infiltration of lymphoid cells, moderate endothelial damage, mild hepatic parenchymal damage, and minimal myocardial alterations. Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) produced infiltration mainly of monocytes/macrophages in liver and heart; endothelial cell damage was absent in lung and heart and minimal in liver. Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) caused an increased number of neutrophils in liver and lung; VLS and parenchymal cell and endothelial damage were not found. The VLS and the cellular damage caused by the combination of IL-2 and IFN were much more severe than those produced by IL-2 alone. In animals treated with IL-2, IFN-alpha, and IL-1 alpha, VLS was minimal and parenchymal and endothelial cell damage were less severe than after IL-2 alone or IL-2 plus IFN-alpha. Taken together, these observations show that IL-1 alpha reduces ultrastructural changes produced by IL-2 and IFN-alpha. This reduction may be clinically useful in the treatment of neoplasms.
Inter-band wavelength conversion of 25 GHz-spaced 1.03 Tbit/s (103/spl times/10 Gbit/s) DWDM signals with small guard band and low crosstalk in PPLN waveguide (2003)

Simultaneous wavelength conversion of 25 GHz-spaced, 1.03 Tbit/s (103/spl times/10 Gbit/s) DWDM signals from C-band to L-band was successfully demonstrated with a small guard band of 8 nm (4 nm/spl times/2) and converted signal Q-factors of more man 15.6 dB.
Arthroscopic knot tying: The role of instrumentation in achieving knot security (2005)

The specific knot tying instrument that is selected for use in arthroscopic shoulder surgery may play an important role in the degree of ultimate knot security achieved in suture repair.