gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
869. Infectious Titer Assay for Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors Using Direct Cell Lysis and Endpoint Taqman PCR (2005)

TCID50-based test methods are widely used to determine infectious titers for viral test articles such as recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV). These in vitro cell culture based methods use replicates of an endpoint dilution series in order to back calculate the infectious titer (50% tissue culture infectious doses/mL) of the original test article. Previously, these test methods used dot blot and real-time PCR readout methods in order to determine if viral replication had occurred in the infected cells. However effective these techniques were, issues such as lack of sensitivity, background caused by non-specific probe binding, requirements for DNA processing, and the need for costly reagents and equipment (e.g., a real-time thermal cycler) limited their universal applicability. In order to resolve such issues, an endpoint Taqman PCR-based readout was developed for use with a rAAV TCID50 infectivity method. The highly sensitive endpoint PCR readout eliminates the need for costly real-time PCR equipment, but still takes advantage of a Taqman probe to allow for the specific targeting of the rAAV vector product being tested. The method also incorporates the use of a direct cell lysis technique and an endogenous cellular DNA control. The direct lysis method eliminates the need for extensive sample processing (e.g., DNA isolation), while the endogenous control protects against the possibility of scoring false negatives. The rAAV TCID50 infectivity method described not only increases the sensitivity and robustness of the technique, but also increases its versatility in the titering of many different recombinant viral vectors.
A Multicenter Study of the Efficacy of the Ketogenic Diet (1998)

The ketogenic diet is effective in substantially decreasing difficult-to-control seizures and can successfully be administered in a wide variety of settings.
Design of a solid-state neuron circuit for use in self-organizing systems (1960)

The artificial neuron or information-processing cell was designed primarily as a component for experimental neuron-network studies. With minor additions, it could be used for perceptron-type experiments. Each cell has ten exciting and ten inhibiting inputs, and each input has a separate weight associated with it. The operation of the cell depends upon the difference, between the weighted sums of the exciting and the inhibiting input signals.
A Hybrid RF/Baseband Precoding Processor Based on Parallel-Index-Selection Matrix-Inversion-Bypass Simultaneous Orthogonal Matching Pursuit for Millimeter Wave MIMO Systems (2014)

A millimeter wave (mm-wave) communication system provides multi-Gb/s data rates in short-distance transmission. Because millimeter waves have short wavelength, transceivers can be composed of large antenna arrays to alleviate severe signal attenuation. Furthermore, the link performance can be improved by adopting precoding technology in multiple data stream transmission. However, the complexity of radio frequency (RF) chains increases when large antenna arrays are used in mm-wave systems. To reduce the hardware cost, the precoding circuit can be jointly designed in both analog and digital domains to reduce the required number of RF chains. This paper proposes a new method of building the joint RF and baseband precoder that reduces the computation complexity of the original precoder reconstruction algorithm and enables highly parallel hardware architecture. Moreover, the proposed precoder reconstruction algorithm was designed and implemented using TSMC 90-nm UTM CMOS technology. The proposed precoder reconstruction processor supports the transmissions of one to four data streams for 8 × 8 mm-wave multiple-input multiple-output systems. The operating frequency of this chip was 167 MHz, and the power consumption was 243.2 mW when the supply voltage was 1 V. The core area of the postlayout result was about 3.94 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The proposed processor achieved 4, 4.9, 6.7, and 6.7 M channel matrices per second in four-, three-, two-, and one-stream modes, respectively.
Pyrazinamide Inhibits Trans-Translation in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (2011)

Pyrazinamide (PZA) is a first-line tuberculosis drug that plays a unique role in shortening the duration of tuberculosis chemotherapy. PZA is hydrolyzed intracellularly to pyrazinoic acid (POA) by pyrazinamidase (PZase, encoded by pncA), an enzyme frequently lost in PZA-resistant strains, but the target of POA in Mycobacterium tuberculosis has remained elusive. Here, we identify a previously unknown target of POA as the ribosomal protein S1 (RpsA), a vital protein involved in protein translation and the ribosome-sparing process of trans-translation. Three PZA-resistant clinical isolates without pncA mutation harbored RpsA mutations. RpsA overexpression conferred increased PZA resistance, and we confirmed that POA bound to RpsA (but not a clinically identified ΔAla mutant) and subsequently inhibited trans-translation rather than canonical translation. Trans-translation is essential for freeing scarce ribosomes in nonreplicating organisms, and its inhibition may explain the ability of PZA to eradicate persisting organisms.
Turning keywords into URIs (2009)

The Semantic Web strives to add structure and meaning to the Web, thereby providing better results and easier interfaces for its users. One important foundation of the Semantic Web is Linked Data, the concept of interconnected data, describing resources by use of RDF and URIs. Linked Data (LOD) provides the opportunity to explore and combine datasets on a global scale -- something which has never been possible before. However, at its current stage, the Linked Data cloud yields little benefit for end users who know nothing of ontologies, triples and SPARQL. This paper presents an intelligent technique for locating desired URIs from the huge repository of Linked Data. Search keywords provided by users are utilized intelligently for locating the intended URI. The proposed technique has been applied in a simplified end user interface for LOD. The system evaluation shows that the proposed technique has reduced user's cognitive load in finding relevant information.
NOISY HEART (1995)

A New York federal judge dismissed a $10 million lawsuit by Aaron Bravman of Kingston, Pa., who complained his artificial heart valve made "inordinately loud" clicking that can be heard 30 feet away. He said it keeps him awake and destroys concentration.
On the relationship between yield and cycle time in semiconductor wafer fabrication (1992)

The author derives a relationship between the mean amount of time wafers spend in the fab and the mean production rate of nondefective die, assuming the number of defects per die is a Poisson random variable whose mean varies linearly with the amount of time the wafer spends in the fab.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lattice Based Language Models (2018)

This paper introduces lattice based language models, a new language modeling paradigm. These models construct multi-dimensional hierarchies of partitions and select the most promising partitions to generate the estimated distributions. We discussed a specific two dimensional lattice and propose two primary features to measure the usefulness of each node: the training-set history count and the smoothed entropy of its prediction. Smoothing techniques are reviewed and a generalization of the conventional backoff strategy to multiple dimensions is proposed. Preliminary experimental results are obtained on the SWITCHBOARD corpus which lead to a 6.5 % perplexity reduction over a word trigram model.
Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in urine samples from men and women by ligase chain reaction (1995)

The suitability of urine specimens from women and men for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis infection by a ligase chain reaction (LCR)-based assay with plasmid primers was examined with a group of patients attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Cervical specimens from 15 of 237 (6.3%) women tested positive for C. trachomatis by cell culture. Of the 25 (10.5%) female urine samples that tested positive by the plasmid-LCR assay, 13 were obtained from cervical culture-positive women. Nine of the 12 plasmid-LCR-positive urine samples from cervical culture-negative women were confirmed to be positive by a second LCR assay with primers based on chromosomal DNA. Urethral specimens from 24 of 258 (9.3%) men were positive for C. trachomatis infection by cell culture. Of the 25 (9.7%) urine samples that tested positive by plasmid-LCR, 20 were from culture-positive men. All five of the LCR-positive urine samples from culture-negative men were confirmed to be positive by the LCR with chromosomal DNA primers. Relative to cell culture, testing by plasmid-LCR analysis of male urine samples had a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 97.9%; after resolution of discordant samples, these values were 86.2 and 100%, respectively. In the study with women, the sensitivities of plasmid-LCR analysis of cervical and urine specimens in comparison with cervical cell culture were 93.3 and 86.7%, respectively. After resolution of discrepant samples, the sensitivities of the plasmid-LCR test for cervical swabs and female urine samples were 96.3 and 92.6%, respectively. These results indicate that the plasmid-LCR-based assay is a very reliable, sensitive, convenient test for the detection of C. trachomatis infection in female and male urine specimens.
Urinary Albumin Excretion and its Relationship to C-reactive Protein and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Patients with Cancer and Febrile Neutropenia (2003)

The aim of the study was to evaluate urinary albumin excretion (UAE) in cancer patients with neutropenic fever and to correlate UAE with the acute-phase response and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. UAE and serum values of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were measured in 32 consecutive cancer patients during episodes of neutropenic fever. UAE increased during fever reaching a peak level 36 h after the onset of fever. CRP, IL-6 and TNF-alpha had peak levels within the first 24 h. UAE correlated significantly with CRP, IL-6 and TNF-alpha. UAE was higher in patients with microbiologically documented infections than in patients with unexplained fever at the time of fever development, whereas UAE was similar in patients with either microbiologically or clinically documented infections. The results suggest a glomerular leakage of albumin secondary to an activated inflammatory response in neutropenic patients with fever. UAE may be a simple and sensitive test in monitoring the acute response to infection in the neutropenic patient.
Green fluorescent protein as a reporter for the spatial and temporal expression of actIII in Streptomyces coelicolor (2017)

Polyketides constitute a large group of structurally diverse natural products with useful biological activities. Insights into their biosynthetic mechanisms are crucial for developing new structures. One of the most studied model polyketide is the blue-pigmented antibiotic actinorhodin, produced by Streptomyces coelicolor. This aromatic polyketide is synthesized by minimal type II polyketide synthases and tailoring enzymes. The ActIII actinorhodin ketoreductase is a key tailoring enzyme in actinorhodin biosynthesis. Previous papers have reported contradictory findings for localization of the protein in the cytoplasmic fraction or associated with the cell wall. We have now used green fluorescent protein as a reporter to analyse the spatial and temporal expression of actIII (SCO5086) in S. coelicolor under actinorhodin producing and non-producing conditions. We provide evidence in support of ActIII being a cytosolic protein, with limited if any association with the membrane or cell wall.
연구논문 ; 한국증권시장의 비선형성 검증 (1993)

본 연구는 랜덤워크 가설에 근거하여 도출되는 자본시장 약효율성을 비선형성 검증방식으로 재검토하려는 국제흐름에 맞추어, 우리나라 증권시장의 약효율성을 재평가하였다. 특히, 비선형성 검증방식 중 기초가 되는 Taylor의 비선형 분산변동모형을 이용하였다. 연구결과 우리나라 주식시장의 일별주가 수익률은 장기적으로는 확률 트랜스적 변동을 하는 것으로, 즉 이윤추구의 가능성이 있는 시장으로 판명되었다. 본 연구 결과는 선형확률동학 메카니즘에 근거하여 발전되어온 자본시장 시스템이론을 비선형 확률모형 또는 선형 결정모형으로 대체하는데 유익할 것이다.
[Study of charge separation in the reaction centers of photosystem 2 of higher plants using fluorescence magnetic modulation]. (1982)

Modulation of fluorescence in higher plants leaves by the external magnetic field was studied. It has been found that fluorescence yield increases under the effect of the magnetic field up to 0.3% with the induction B congruent to 10-20 mT. The magnetic effect is related with the spin phenomena during charge separation in the Photosystem 2. Patterns of magnetic effect on fluorescence in different regions of the induction curve were studied. Two types of magnetic effect corresponding to open and closed reaction centres were shown to exist. In the first ones the half-saturation field of the effect B 1/2 = 20 mT, in the second ones B 1/2 = 1.6 mT. Life times of the charge pairs in open and closed centres (250 ps and greater than 6 ns) were determined.
Lymphocyte recognition of lymph node high endothelium. II. Characterization of an <i>in vitro</i> inhibitory factor isolated by antibody affinity chromatography. (1980)

Thoracic duct lymph contains a factor that inhibits in vitro adhesion between lymphocytes and high endothelial cells. Crude inhibitory factor was isolated from lymph by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation and partially purified by using an immunoabsorbant column of rabbit anti peak I Ig coupled to Sepharose 4B. Antibody affinity chromatography separated the HEV binding inhibitory factor from the bulk of protein in the crude preparation; activity was enriched 50-fold. The results show that the effect of the factor was exerted on high endothelial cells; both glutaraldehyde-fixed HEV and unfixed mouse HEV were susceptible to the action of this material. In contrast, the HEV binding properties of lymphocytes were unaffected by the factor. Inhibitory activity was destroyed by treatment with trypsin or exposure to 100 degrees C but was unaffected by incubation at 56 or 70 degrees C for 30 min. In addition, the factor bound to lentil lectin and was eluted with alpha-methyl-D-mannoside. Together these findings indicate that the HEV binding inhibitory factor is a glycoprotein.
Design, implementation and control of a sparse aperture imaging satellite (2002)

†In order to better understand the technological difficulties involved in designing and building a sparse aperture array, the challenge of building a white light Golay-3 telescope was undertaken. The MIT Adaptive Reconnaissance Golay-3 Optical Satellite (ARGOS) project exploits wide-angle Fizeau interferometer technology with an emphasis on modularity in the optics and spacecraft subsystems. Unique design procedures encompassing the nature of coherent wavefront sensing, control and combining as well as various system engineering aspects to achieve cost effectiveness, are developed. To demonstrate a complete spacecraft in a 1-g environment, the ARGOS system is mounted on a frictionless air-bearing, and has the ability to track fast orbiting satellites like the ISS or the planets. Wavefront sensing techniques are explored to mitigate initial misalignment and to feed back real-time aberrations into the optical control loop. This paper presents the results and the lessons learned from the conceive, design, implement and operate phases of ARGOS. A preliminary assessment shows that the beam combining problem is the most challenging aspect of sparse optical arrays. The need for optical control is paramount due to tight beam combining tolerances. The wavefront sensing/control requirements appear to be a major technology and cost driver.
Relation between molecular weight and intrinsic viscosity for polymethyl methacrylate (1946)

Abstract The chain lengths of polymethyl methacrylates prepared with ferrous ion–hydrogen peroxide as the initiating system are consistent with the scheme advanced for the mechanism of the polymerization. The relation between intrinsic viscosity in benzene and molecular weight for fractionated polymethyl methacrylate has been determined and leads to the equation: n = 2.81 × 10 3 [η] C 6 H 6 1.32 . This equation agrees very well with the data of Schulz, provided that the correct method of extrapolating the osmotic pressures to zero concentration is used. Using the relationship between [η]C 6 H 6 and [η] CHCl 3 obtained experimentally, the relation between n and [η]CHCl 3 (at 20°C.) is: n = 1.81 l 3 × 10 3 [η] CHCl3 1.22 .
Genetic analysis of intraspecies recombinant formation by protoplast fusion with three species of Streptomyces (1986)

Protoplast fusion was shown to produce high frequencies of recombinant progeny in intraspecies crosses with auxotrophic mutants of Streptomyces canescens, Streptomyces griseus and Streptomyces limosus. The fused protoplasts were regenerated on non-selective media and the progeny spores subsequently analysed on selective media to allow detection of all possible genotypes. Prototrophic recombinants arose with frequencies of between 1% and 8%. All 4 possible genotypes were recovered in a series of 2-factor crosses and 6 of the 8 possible genotypes were detected in a 3-factor cross. In spite of attempts to equalise the ratios of parental protoplasts in the fusion mixture, there were noticeable deviations from unity in the ratios of parental genotypes in the progeny.
Development of an in situ underwater particle image velocimetry (UWPIV) system (2009)

A low‐cost self‐contained underwater particle image velocimetry (UWPIV) system has been developed to measure small‐scale turbulent flow structures in situ. The UWPIV employs a compact continuous‐wave laser and an optical scanner to deliver a light sheet that illuminates naturally occurring particles. Particle images are taken by a CCD camera along with an ultra‐compact PC. The nontethered and compact design can be fit in two small underwater housings with all components powered by batteries: an ideal design for a variety of in situ deployments. The system has been field‐tested in the coastal zone of Lake Michigan. Turbulent flow structures of the wave‐current bottom boundary layer are measured right above the nearshore lakebed, which is densely covered by quagga mussels ( Dreissena bugensis ). Vertical profiles of mean velocity, Reynolds stresses, dissipation rate of the turbulent kinetic energy, turbulent viscosity, plankton particle concentration, and the turbulent flux of particles are presented and discussed.
The EDA design of CPRI interface specification in digital optic-fiber repeater and RRU (2009)

CPRI interface specification in optic-fiber repeater and RRU is introduced briefly in this paper, the FPGA implementation of CPRI has been designed in detail, and the focus is the design of encoding framer and decoding framer, and every function module of encoding framer and decoding framer is also explained detailedly.Finally, the test results of whole CPRI hardware implementation system also is given in this paper.
Generation, design and tuning of OTA-C high-frequency sinusoidal oscillators (1992)

A systematic approach to derive practical CMOS sinusoidal oscillators is presented. A general topology is given to implement sinusoidal oscillators by using operational transconductance amplifier capacitor (OTA-C) techniques. To illustrate the proposed approach five different structures are presented from this general topology and analysed, taking into account the CMOS OTAs dominant non-idealities. Building blocks are presented for amplitude control, both by automatic gain control (AGC) schemes and by limitation schemes. Experimental results from 3 μm and 2 μm CMOS (MOSIS) prototypes showing oscillation frequencies up to 69 MHz are included. The amplitudes can be adjusted between 1 V peak-to-peak and 100 mV peak-to-peak. Total harmonic distortions (THD) from 2.8% down to 0.2% have been experimentally measured in the laboratory. A frequency tuning loop for these structures is introduced that provides a precise, temperature and parasitic independent frequency-to-voltage relationship. Experimental results for the tuning loop are presented.
Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry of Phospholipids using Electrospray Ionization (1994)

An improved technique for phospholipid molecular species analysis was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with the electrospray interface. Using the 0.5% ammonium hydroxide in a water-methanol-hexane mixture and a C-18 column, complex mixtures of phospholipid molecular species were separated and detected mainly as protonated or natriated molecular species. The response was linear over 2 orders of magnitude, allowing quantification of each molecular species. In comparison to the existing LC/MS techniques, marked improvement in sensitivity was observed. The present quantification limit is approximately 0.5 pmol before split (5 fmol after 1/100 split). The relative responses were more dependent on the head group identity rather than fatty acyl composition within a phospholipid class. In general, phosphatidylcholine (PC) species are most sensitively detected followed by phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) species. The sensitivity of phosphatidylserine (PS) in the positive ion mode is approximately 20 times less in comparison to PC under our condition.
Tissue distribution of bitespiramycin and spiramycin in rats. (2004)

Both BSPM and SPM penetrate into rat tissues well and BSPM has higher tissue affinity than SPM.
Layered collagen fabric of cerebral aneurysms quantitatively assessed by the universal stage and polarized light microscopy (1991)

We evaluated the effectiveness of the Universal stage, an instrument for measuring three-dimensional orientation of birefringent materials, for studying the collagen fabric in the wall of brain aneurysms. Vessels from autopsy were fixed at normal arterial distending pressure with 10% formalin, and prepared for polarized light microscopy, with paraffin embedding and staining with picrosirius red for birefringent enhancement. Quantitative data were obtained from tangential and oblique sections (7 microns thickness) of an intact 8 mm aneurysm, a 1.5 mm aneurysm, and a tangential section (3 microns thickness) of a cerebral artery. Sections of full-size aneurysms seen through the microscope, adjusted either for plane or circularly polarized light, revealed distinctive layers of collagen across the aneurysmal wall, which at higher magnification were further subdivided. Three-dimensional measurements, numbering 1,082, were made by use of the Universal stage attachment to the polarizing microscope. They were plotted by computer-controlled graphics on Lambert projections and analyzed by circular statistics. When assessed layer by layer, the collagen spanned a full range of orientations relative to the tangential plane. The circular standard deviation, a measure of the spread of alignment about the mean, was as low as 10 degrees for coherently organized collagen and as high as 40 degrees for the least coherently organized collagen, values characteristic of either the organized tunica media, or the least organized tunica adventitia of cerebral arteries. Although there was a marked thinning of the wall of one aneurysm, there was no evidence of structural weakness based only on the directional organization assessed by our measurements.
Effects of Imipramine on Individuals Varying in Level of Depression (1968)

In the belief that studies with normal subjects are relevant to the assessment of psychotropic drugs for clinical use, the authors examined the antidepressant and anti-anxiety effects of imipramine in a group of nonhospitalized, asymptomatic subjects selected to differ in level of (nonclinical) depression. Although some of the results might be termed paradoxical, it was demonstrated that the antidepressant property of the drug, for which it is clinically utilized, is also evident in normal subjects.