gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lack of association of the angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism with essential hypertension in a chinese population (1997)

To examine the association between insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene and essential hypertension in a Chinese population, a case-control study was conducted using 157 hypertensive and 115 normotensive subjects. The I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene was identified by polymerase chain reaction. Plasma ACE activity was determined using spectrophotometry. The difference of allele frequencies between normotensives and hypertensives was statistically significant (X2 = 4.467, P = .035), while the gentotype distribution was not different between normotensive and hypertensive subjects (X2 = 3.954, P = .138). Plasma ACE activity was highest in the DD genotype, followed by the ID genotype, and the lowest in the II genotype (P = .0001 in normotensives and P = .163 in hypertensives, respectively). Thus, we conclude that the ACE gene polymorphism is not associated with essential hypertension in this Chinese population, but plasma ACE activity is genetically determined in the normotensive Chinese. © 1997 American Journal of Hypertension, Ltd. Am J Hypertens 1997;10:197–201
Erythrocytes store and release sphingosine 1‐phosphate in blood (2007)

The blood constituent sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a specific ligand for five G-protein-coupled receptors designated S1P(1-5). Expression of the S1P1 receptor on lymphocytes is required for their exit from secondary lymphoid organs, suggesting that S1P serves as a stimulus for maintaining lymphocyte circulation in blood. Despite its potential role in immune surveillance, the regulatory system that controls blood S1P levels is not well understood. This report reveals that erythrocytes constitute a buffer system for S1P in blood. They efficiently incorporated and stored S1P, and protected it from cellular degradation. They also released S1P into plasma, but not into other serum-free media, indicating that S1P release was controlled by a plasma factor. Erythrocytes did not generate S1P since an increase in plasma S1P levels was always accompanied by a decrease in cellular S1P levels. Thrombocytes that were reported to generate and release S1P after activation did not contribute to the observed S1P release in blood. The amount of erythrocytes as well as the proportion of plasma in the medium determined the magnitude of S1P release. Adoptively transferred S1P-loaded and unloaded mouse erythrocytes displayed a normal life span and similar S1P levels 24 h after recovery, indicating that S1P incorporation and release are dynamically regulated in vivo.
CRYSTALLINE d-GLYCERALDEHYDE-3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE FROM RABBIT MUSCLE (1948)

1 This provides a sensitive method for the quantitative determination of hexose diphosphate and
An Exploratory Study Of User Involvement In IS Development In Saudi Organizations: End User Perspective (2014)

The private sector in Saudi Arabia faces many challenges which constrain its capability of achieving the ultimate benefits of Information Systems (IS) including its success in appropriate development and implementation of IS projects. User involvement is essential for successful development of computer-based information systems (Ives and Olson, 1984). This factor is discussed and frequently highlighted in early studies (Dickson and Simmons, 1970; Power and Dickson, 1973; Lucas, 1978) and new ones but few studies have been conducted in Saudi Arabia organisations. If user involvement is performed correctly during all the phases of IS development, many benefits will be achieved, such as more satisfaction and understanding of the new system by the end users (Kujala, 2003). Absence of user involvement in IS development prevents the organisations from achieving and delivering the desired benefits, even though the regular functions and daily tasks are accomplished. In addition, it will cause many changes in requirements and resistance to change. This study aims to explore the situation of user involvement throughout IS development stages in Saudi companies, focusing on two systems the Human Resource System and Financial System in the companies included in the study. Data were collected through the interviews with twenty-three managers and staff within four companies. The data were analyzed by using an interpretive approach to draw conclusions about the situation of user involvement in IS development in these companies.
SCHWEFELVERBINDUNGEN DES ERDÖLS XI<sup>1</sup> EINE EINTOPFSYNTHESE FÜR 2,5-DIPHENYLTHIOPHENE UND b,d-ANELLIERTE THIOPHENE AUS METHYLENKETONEN (1988)

Abstract Starting with methylene ketones 2,5-diphenylthiophenes and b,d-anellated thiophenes are prepared. Aus Methylenketonen werden 2,5-disubstituierte und b,d-anellierte Thiophene hergestellt.
When should we stop screening? (2000)

Even assuming that the mortality reduction with screening persists in the elderly, 80% of the benefit is achieved before 75 years of age for breast cancer, 80 years for colon cancer, and 65 years for cervical cancer. The small benefit of screening in the elderly may be outweighed by the harms: anxiety, additional testing, and unnecessary treatment.
Seismic pressure-prediction method solves problem common in deepwater Gulf of Mexico (1998)

A novel method of predicting pore pressure gradients from seismic velocities has overcome a problem common in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico. The method, based on a model of geopressures that uses available formation temperature measurements, does not require the normal shale compaction trend. This is crucial in deep water, where geopressures often start shallow below mud line and make establishing the normal trend difficult. Pore pressure prediction methods that use the shelf`s depositional model are not accurate enough for the deep water. The shelf model consists of a significantly thick, hydrostatically pressured section, which is used to establish the normal pressure interval travel time (ITT)-shale compaction trend as a reference. This article describes the method, discusses preparation of the velocity data, and shows results from one shelf and three deepwater wells in which the method is successful.
Susceptibility induced gray–white matter MRI contrast in the human brain (2011)

MR phase images have shown significantly improved contrast between cortical gray and white matter regions compared to magnitude images obtained with gradient echo sequences. A variety of underlying biophysical mechanisms (including iron, blood, myelin content, macromolecular chemical exchange, and fiber orientation) have been suggested to account for this observation but assessing the individual contribution of these factors is limited in vivo. For a closer investigation of iron and myelin induced susceptibility changes, postmortem MRI of six human corpses (age range at death: 56-80 years) was acquired in situ. Following autopsy, the iron concentrations in the frontal and occipital cortex as well as in white matter regions were chemically determined. The magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) was used as an indirect measure for myelin content. Susceptibility effects were assessed separately by determining R2* relaxation rates and quantitative phase shifts. Contributions of myelin and iron to local variations of the susceptibility were assessed by univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis. Mean iron concentration was lower in the frontal cortex than in frontal white matter (26 ± 6 vs. 45 ± 6 mg/kg wet tissue) while an inverse relation was found in the occipital lobe (cortical gray matter: 41 ± 10 vs. white matter: 34 ± 10mg/kg wet tissue). Multiple regression analysis revealed iron and MTR as independent predictors of the effective transverse relaxation rate R2 but solely MTR was identified as source of MR phase contrast. R2 was correlated with iron concentrations in cortical gray matter only (r=0.42, p<0.05). In conclusion, MR phase contrast between cortical gray and white matter can be mainly attributed to variations in myelin content, but not to iron concentration. Both, myelin and iron impact the effective transverse relaxation rate R2 significantly. Magnitude contrast is limited because it only reflects the extent but not the direction of the susceptibility shift.
Are drug-resistant and drug-sensitive patients the same? (2010)

Around 30% of adults with epilepsy remain refractory to antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy despite having similar seizure semiologies and syndromes to drug responsive individuals. How, when and why do they become pharmacoresistant? Observations from the Glasgow database of newly diagnosed patients receiving their first ever AED at the Epilepsy Unit have provided fascinating insights into the natural history of treated epilepsy. Prospective analyses of this expanding cohort were undertaken in 1997 (n=470), 2003 (n=780) and, most recently, in 2008 (n=1098). Overall, around 50% of patients became seizure free on their first ever AED with diminishing numbers responding to subsequent regimens either as monotherapy or in low dose combinations. The overall prognosis has modestly improved over recent years as newer drugs with novel mechanisms of action have become available. However, from the most recent analysis, around 25% of the population never had useful period of seizure freedom despite receiving many AEDS singly and in combination. Interestingly, a similar number never had another seizure after starting treatment. Differences between these clinical phenotypes included higher seizure densities prior to initiation of therapy and concurrent psychiatric comorbidities suggesting greater brain dysfunction. The presence of a family history of epilepsy and⁄or febrile convulsions also predicted refractory epilepsy, implicating a genetic component in drug response. These observations tend to support the suggestion that drug-resistant and drug-sensitive patients are not necessarily the same.
Bari Rain Cults and Fur Rain Cults and Ceremonies (1939)

Germination can be used as a bio-processing practice to enhance the digestibility of nutrient and improve the bioactive compounds and rheological properties of food grains. In the present study, effect of germination time 12, 24, 36 and 48 h and temperature 25, 30 and 35 °C on carbohydrate profile, enzyme activity, in vitro nutrient digestibility, antioxidant activity, bioactive components and rheological characteristics of sorghum was examined. As time and temperature for germination progressed, it considerably enhance the activity of diastase enzyme and also the sugar content by hydrolysis of starch and further enhance the in vitro digestibility of starch by 10.50-36.25%. Germinated sorghum had high in vitro protein digestibility and it ranges from 57.50 to 77.91% as compared to native sorghum (54.09%). Germination of sorghum for longer time period at elevated conditions appreciably improve the antioxidant activity by 4.24-52.96%, total phenolic content and flavonoid content by 1.60-4.09 mgGAE/g and 60.30-94.03 mgQE/100 g, respectively Similarly reducing power increased from 29.27 to 47.19 µg AAE/g and metal chelating activity enhanced 19.48-52.09% as period for germination goes from 12 to 48 h and temperature from 25 to 35 °C. Increased enzyme activity during germination degrades the starch and thus lowers down the peak and final viscosity of sorghum. Increased enzymatic activity and higher antioxidant activity also lower down the lightness value by 12.48% while a* was increased by 6.78%. Germination of sorghum thus offers a tool to increase the nutrient digestibility and bioactive potential of sorghum without any chemical or genetic engineering.
Vapor−Liquid Equilibria for the Systems Difluoromethane + Hydrogen Fluoride, Dichlorodifluoromethane + Hydrogen Fluoride, and Chlorine + Hydrogen Fluoride (1998)

Isothermal vapor−liquid equilibria for difluoromethane + hydrogen fluoride, dichlorodifluoromethane + hydrogen fluoride, and chlorine + hydrogen fluoride have been measured. The experimental data for the binary systems are correlated with the NRTL equation with the vapor-phase association model for the mixtures containing hydrogen fluoride, and the relevant parameters are presented. The binary system difluoromethane + hydrogen fluoride forms a homogeneous liquid phase, and the others form minimum boiling heterogeneous azeotropes at the experimental conditions.
Ueber die Darstellung von Protocatechualdehyd aus Brenzcatechin, sowie einige Derivate des Guajacols und Kreosols (1881)

Die bei der Einwirkung von Chloroform auf alkalische Liisungen von
Sol-Gel Synthesis and Characterization of Mesoporous TiO2 Modified with Transition Metal Ions (Co, Ni, Mn, Cu) (2015)

Mesoporous nanosized titania films and powders modified with Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Mn 3+ and Cu 2+ ions have been produced by templated sol-gel method and characterized by optical spectroscopy, XRD, and BET surface area measurment. After calcinations at 400°C, XRD patterns showed the anatase nanocrystalline phase formation (8–20 nm). The characteristic bands of Co 2+ and Co 3+ in octahedral and tetrahedral oxygen environment registered in diffusion reflectance spectra indicated the formation of Co 3 O 4 spinel phase; crystallization of M/TiO 2 powders after heat treatment at 650°C led to an appearance of absorption bands belonging to Ni 2+ or Mn 3+ ions in an octahedral environment. Band gap energy and the position of flat band potentials were estimated by photoelectrochemical measurements. The films doped with transition metals possessed higher photocurrent quantum yield than that for undoped samples.
Rapid Fc glycosylation analysis of Fc fusions with IdeS and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (2013)

We developed a rapid method to analyze Fc glycosylation of Fc fusion proteins, especially those with mutated Fc hinge regions. Fc fusion proteins were digested with IdeS, an IgG specific protease with exosites for substrate recognition and cleavage. The resultant fragments were directly analyzed through liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The structures and relative quantities of Fc glycans were deduced from their masses and intensities. The separated substrate recognition and cleavage property of IdeS makes this method applicable to a broad range of Fc fusion proteins having either standard or non-canonical hinge regions.
Plasma Lipoproteins in Brain Inflammatory and Neurodegenerative Diseases (2012)

Functions of the central nervous system (CNS) are mainly performed by neurons and glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia). Microglia or microcytes have macrophage-like immune related functions; oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells in the CNS; and astrocytes have diverse roles in synaptogenesis, neurotransmission, myelination and reactive mechanisms to injury. CNS tissue is separated from blood circulation by specialized cell barriers, the most extensive being the endothelium of the socalled blood-brain barrier (BBB).
Analysis and improvement of tipping calibration for ground-based microwave radiometers (2000)

The tipping-curve calibration method has been an important calibration technique for ground-based microwave radiometers that measure atmospheric emission at low optical depth. The method calibrates a radiometer system using data taken by the radiometer at two or more viewing angles in the atmosphere. In this method, the relationship between atmospheric opacity and viewing angle is used as a constraint for deriving the system calibration response. Because this method couples the system with radiative transfer theory and atmospheric conditions, evaluations of its performance have been difficult. In this paper, first a data-simulation approach is taken to isolate and analyze those influential factors in the calibration process and effective techniques are developed to reduce calibration uncertainties. Then, these techniques are applied to experimental data. The influential factors include radiometer antenna beam width, radiometer pointing error, mean radiating temperature error, and horizontal inhomogeneity in the atmosphere, as well as some other factors of minor importance. It is demonstrated that calibration uncertainties from these error sources can be large and unacceptable. Fortunately, it was found that by using the techniques reported, the calibration uncertainties can be largely reduced or avoided. With the suggested corrections, the tipping calibration method can provide absolute accuracy of about or better than 0.5 K.
A geometric constraint, the head-to-tail exclusion rule, may be the basis for the isolated-pentagon rule in fullerenes with more than 60 vertices (2008)

Carbon atoms self-assemble into the famous soccer-ball shaped Buckminsterfullerene (C(60)), the smallest fullerene cage that obeys the isolated-pentagon rule (IPR). Carbon atoms self-assemble into larger (n > 60 vertices) empty cages as well-but only the few that obey the IPR-and at least 1 small fullerene (n <or= 60) with adjacent pentagons. Clathrin protein also self-assembles into small fullerene cages with adjacent pentagons, but just a few of those. We asked why carbon atoms and clathrin proteins self-assembled into just those IPR and small cage isomers. In answer, we described a geometric constraint-the head-to-tail exclusion rule-that permits self-assembly of just the following fullerene cages: among the 5,769 possible small cages (n <or= 60 vertices) with adjacent pentagons, only 15; the soccer ball (n = 60); and among the 216,739 large cages with 60 < n <or= 84 vertices, only the 50 IPR ones. The last finding was a complete surprise. Here, by showing that the largest permitted fullerene with adjacent pentagons is one with 60 vertices and a ring of interleaved hexagons and pentagon pairs, we prove that for all n > 60, the head-to-tail exclusion rule permits only (and all) fullerene cages and nanotubes that obey the IPR. We therefore suggest that self-assembly that obeys the IPR may be explained by the head-to-tail exclusion rule, a geometric constraint.
REVIEWS OF BOOKS (1990)

Journal Article REVIEWS OF BOOKS Get access CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY. The Shoulder Joint. Edited by B. Hazleman and P. Dieppe. Pp. 696. £22.50. London: Bailliere Tindall. 1989. M. S. WATSON M. S. WATSON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Rheumatology, Volume 29, Issue 5, October 1990, Page 411, https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/29.5.411-b Published: 01 October 1990
Cylindrical resonator with an internal astigmatic medium (1984)

A theoretical analysis is made of a resonator formed by two cylindrical mirrors with mutually orthogonal generators and containing an astigmatic medium. It is shown that elliptic Gaussian beams represent natural oscillation modes of such a cavity resonator. Expressions are obtained for the dimensions of the caustic along characteristic sections of the resonator and these make it possible to solve the problem of synthesis of resonators with the required filling of the active element by the radiation field.
A DEVICE FOR THE PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF ATTENUATED TOTAL REFLECTION TO INFRARED ANALYSIS (1961)

The principles of attenuated total reflection, whereby apparent absorption spectra can be obtained on substances in optical contact with a totally reflecting surface, have been explained by J. $Furhenfon.^{1}$ These principles have been applied in a simple device which fits into any commercial infrared spectrophotometer. Apparent absorption spectra have been obtained on a number of different materials. A unique feature of ATR spectra is that the absorbance values are independent of sample thickness It is anticipated that the method will have wide application in the infrared analysis a of films and other solid materials as well as in the determination of absolute absorptivity values.
[Identification of peptide mimotopes of an abroad-spectrum neutralizing epitope of highly pathogenic avian influenza hemagglutinin]. (2008)

A monoclonal antibody (8H5), which showed strong neutralization activity against 33 strains of H5N1 viruses isolated from hosts at various regions from 2002 to 2006, was characterized in our lab recently. This result indicated the presence of highly conserved neutralizing site on hemagglutinin (HA) of various H5N1 subtypes. In the present study, the peptide phage display technique was applied to generate mimotope of the conserved neutralizing epitope recognized by 8H5 mAb. Five peptides displayed on phage were identified to specifically bind to 8H5 mAb. One of the five peptides, 123, was further displayed on the virus-like particle assembled from aa 1-149 fragment of HBcAg. The chimeric particle HBc-T123 conserved the specific binding to 8H5 mAb, and competed with H5N1 viruses for 8H5 mAb. The antiserum induced by HBc-T123 intensively stained on SF21 cells infected by recombinant baculovirus containing HA gene of YU22 virus, indicating the production of cross-reactive antibody to H5N1 HA.
AKI Complications in Critically Ill Patients (2014)

A majority of the excess risk of mortality associated with AKI was attenuated by its fluid volume and metabolic complications, particularly in severe AKI. In addition, this study demonstrated that RRT is associated with a better outcome in patients with AKI-related complications.
Biomechanical and Histologic Evaluation of Fenestrated and Nonfenestrated Biologic Mesh in a Porcine Model of Ventral Hernia Repair (2011)

Histologic findings revealed increased tissue incorporation at fenestration sites compared with nonfenestrated grafts regardless of implant location or time in vivo. However, preperitoneal placement resulted in greater incorporation strength, less adhesed area, and lower adhesion scores compared with intraperitoneal placement for both fenestrated and nonfenestrated CPDM.
Rod photoreceptors dissociated from the adult rabbit retina (1988)

Rod photoreceptors have been isolated from the adult rabbit retina using enzymatic and mechanical dissociation procedures; their fine structure, synaptic activity, and long-term viability were examined using conventional electron-microscopic, quick-freezing, and cell culture techniques. Freshly dissociated photoreceptors were well-preserved compared to their counterparts in the intact retina. About half of the cells, however, exhibited broad continuity between inner and outer segments. Quick-frozen, freeze-substituted rods differed from chemically fixed cells in 3 respects: (1) there was an increased amount of granular matrix in the cytoplasm, mitochondria, and rough endoplasmic reticulum; (2) branching and anastomosing profiles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum had disappeared from the inner segment; and (3) the number of synaptic vesicles within the spherule was highly variable, in some cases leaving synaptic ribbons completely denuded of their halo of vesicles. Light-adapted, solitary rod cells continued to be synaptically active: their endings were capable of endocytosis when placed in the dark in the presence of extracellular ferritin and tracer was incorporated into vesicles and vacuoles; this uptake was much reduced when the cells were incubated with the tracer in the light. Thus, synaptic vesicle regeneration was stimulated in the dark, suggesting that vesicles underwent exocytosis in the dark. Isolated rod cells adhered poorly to most standard substrates; without proper adhesion, cells deteriorated in 2-4 hr. However, photoreceptors did adhere to glutaraldehyde-fixed Vitrogen gels and could be maintained for over 48 hr on this substrate if kept in a complete medium at 22 degrees C. In contrast, Müller cells adhered quickly to a laminin substrate with their endfoot processes. The differential adhesion properties of Müller and photoreceptor cells may be useful in obtaining pure populations of glial cells or neurons from the adult mammalian retina.