gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polar structures in binary mixtures of bent-core liquid crystals showing ferroelectric and antiferroelectric<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>B</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math>phases (2007)

We have studied the polar structures in the binary mixtures of bent-core liquid crystals P-n-O-PIMB(n-2)*-(n-4)O showing the ferroelectric smectic- CAPF (Sm-CAPF) (n=8 and 10) and antiferroelectric Sm-CSPA (n=9) B2 phase. Although the polar structure of the one-to-one mixture is governed by the compound with longer end chains, it is much more complicated in the mixtures with slightly less fraction of compounds with longer end chains. Even if the mixtures show the antiferroelectric phase before field application, the ferroelectric domains remain once the field is applied and coexist with the antiferroelectric domains. The coexistence structure was modeled by comparing the microscope real image with that of second-harmonic generation. The fraction of the ferroelectric domains is larger at higher temperature region of the B2 phase and decreases with decreasing temperature. The stable phase structures were discussed based on the phenomenological theory. We suggest that the coupling energy of the layer chirality is higher than the energies of the orientation correlations of tilts and polarizations between adjacent layers.
Optimization of infrared two-color multicycle field synthesis for intense-isolated-attosecond-pulse generation (2010)

We present the optimization of the two-color synthesis method for generating an intense isolated attosecond pulse (IAP) in the multicycle regime. By mixing an infrared assistant pulse with a Ti:sapphire main pulse, we show that an IAP can be produced using a multicycle two-color pulse with a duration longer than 30 fs. We also discuss the influence of the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) and the relative intensity on the generation of IAPs. By optimizing the wavelength of the assistant field, IAP generation becomes insensitive to the CEP slip. Therefore, the optimized two-color method enables us to relax the requirements of pulse duration and easily produce the IAP with a conventional multicycle laser pulse. In addition, it enables us to markedly suppress the ionization of the harmonic medium. This is a major advantage for efficiently generating intense IAPs from a neutral medium by applying the appropriate phase-matching and energy-scaling techniques.
Brain IL-1-induced immunosuppression occurs through activation of both pituitary-adrenal axis and sympathetic nervous system by corticotropin- releasing factor (1990)

Intracerebroventricular infusion of femtomolar quantities of interleukin-1 (IL-1) or stimulated release of endogenous IL-1 in the brain suppresses various cellular immune responses, decreasing natural killer cell (NK) activity, response to mitogen, and interleukin-2 production of splenic and blood lymphocytes (an effect hereafter called "brain IL-1-induced immunosuppression"). The present study examines mechanisms by which IL-1 produces this effect. First, because IL-1 in the brain activates the pituitary-adrenal axis by stimulating release of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), the role of CRF was investigated. To block CRF, affinity-purified antibody to CRF was infused into the lateral ventricle 30 min before introduction of IL-1. When this was done, suppression of cellular immune responses that normally follow IL-1 infusion was completely prevented. Infusion with an equal quantity of non-CRF IgG prior to IL-1 was without effect. Second, the role of sympathetic nervous activity was examined. To block neural transmission at sympathetic ganglia, chlorisondamine (3.0 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 60 min before IL-1 infusion. When this was done, suppression of immune responses by IL-1 was partially blocked. These results indicate that IL-1 in the brain suppresses various cellular immune responses by activating both the pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system, and that these systems are both activated through the influence of IL-1 on CRF.
MPI photoelectron spectroscopy of <i>u</i> <i>n</i> <i>g</i> <i>e</i> <i>r</i> <i>a</i> <i>d</i> <i>e</i> excited states of acetylene: Intermediate state mixing and ion state selection (1987)

Three photon resonant, four photon (3+1) ionization spectroscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy have been used to study the ungerade excited states of acetylene in the energy range from 74 500 to 90 000 cm−1. Sharp bands from the nR (π3u nsσg) and 1Φu (π3u ndδg) Rydberg series dominate the MPI spectrum. A large number of Rydberg and valence states which are prominent in VUV absorption spectra are absent or weak in MPI studies. These weak bands are only observable under high power conditions, which suggests that nonradiative decay is rapid enough to depopulate these states before ionization occurs. The photoelectron results provide further insight into the nature of the excited states. Ionization through the sharp bands occurs via Δν=0 Franck–Condon transitions, resulting in ions in a single vibrational state. Ionization through bands which are mixed results in complicated ion vibrational distributions including excitation of both cis and trans bends.
ChemInform Abstract: HYDRIERUNG EINIGER UNGESAETTIGTER PHOSPHINE IN FORM IHRER NICKELCHLORID‐KOMPLEXE (1970)

Abstract Die Phosphine (Ia)‐(Ic) wurden in die Nickelchlorid‐Komplexe übergeführt, die glatt in Gegenwart von Pd‐C zu (II) hydriert werden können.
Brain Monitoring Using Optical Imaging and Optical Spectroscopy (2019)

This chapter explores state-of-the-art methods, hardware, and applications, beginning with an overview of the needs addressed by such optical techniques. It also explores the technical basis of Medical optical imaging and spectroscopy; for those readers with a primary interest in clinical applications and describes with medical applications and a set of collected optical images. For brain monitoring, it may be that a combination of structural imaging, functional oxygenation, blood volume and blood flow imaging, and scattering monitoring will all be important in determining tissue health and risk of injury. The initial measurements of path in tissue used a time-based method and were made using large, immobile ultrashort laser systems and detection optics in model systems. Fine structure of noise in the scattering image can be seen when the scattering scale is expanded. Some of this structure is repeatable from scan to scan, while other features appear randomly.
The human obese (OB) gene: RNA expression pattern and mapping on the physical, cytogenetic, and genetic maps of chromosome 7. (1995)

The recently identified mouse obese (ob) gene apparently encodes a secreted protein that may function in the signaling pathway of adipose tissue. Mutations in the mouse ob gene are associated with the early development of gross obesity. A detailed knowledge concerning the RNA expression pattern and precise genomic location of the human homolog, the OB gene, would facilitate examination of the role of this gene in the inheritance of human obesity. Northern blot analysis revealed that OB RNA is present at a high level in adipose tissue but at much lower levels in placenta and heart. OB RNA is undetectable in a wide range of other tissues. Comparative mapping of mouse and human DNA indicated that the ob gene is located within a region of mouse chromosome 6 that is homologous to a portion of human chromosome 7q. We mapped the human OB gene on a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) contig from chromosome 7q31.3 that contains 43 clones and 19 sequence-tagged sites (STSs). Among the 19 STSs are eight corresponding to microsatellite-type genetic markers, including seven (CA)n repeat-type Genethon markers. Because of their close physical proximity to the human OB gene, these eight genetic markers represent valuable tools for analyzing families with evidence of hereditary obesity and for investigating the possible association between OB mutations and human obesity.
Production of interleukin‐18 and interleukin‐12 in patients suffering from chronic hepatitis C virus infection before antiviral therapy (2003)

Interleukin-12 and -18 (IL-12 and IL-18) are known to enhance the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response synergistically, but their precise involvement in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is not well known, especially for IL-18. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to study the production of these cytokines in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of patients infected chronically with HCV before initiation of antiviral therapy. Fifty-six patients and 40 healthy controls were evaluated. Patients infected with genotype 1 or with genotype other than genotype 1 HCV had significantly a high production of plasma IL-12 compared with controls (P < 0.05). However, patients infected with genotype 1 HCV had lower levels of PBMC IL-18 than were founded in the controls (P < 0.05); plasma IL-18 also tended to be lower in this group of patients than in the controls, although nonsignificantly. Plasma IL-18 was related to hepatic histological activity (P < 0.05). The data suggest a relationship between these two cytokines and some features of HCV infection, so that their respective production in relation to the outcome of the infection deserves further study.
Additive‐Free Dispersion of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Its Application for Transparent Conductive Films (2011)

Abstract A good dispersion of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in liquid media is a prerequisite to fulfill many of their applications. This contribution reports an efficient approach to additive‐free dispersion of SWCNTs with the aid of functionalized carbonaceous byproducts (CBs, e.g., amorphous carbon, carbon nanoparticles, and carbonaceous fragments) in SWCNT products. SWCNT bundles are treated by oleum intercalation and nitric acid oxidation in sequence, which leads to the selective functionalization of the CBs while the structure and properties of the SWCNTs are well preserved. These functionalized CBs can improve the subsequent dispersion of SWCNTs and the majority of SWCNTs in the suspension are present in small bundles or individually. Moreover, SWCNT transparent conductive films (TCFs) are fabricated by using these suspensions. The SWCNT TCFs obtained can achieve a low sheet resistance of 76 and 133 Ω sq −1 , with optical transmittance of 82% and 90% at 550 nm, respectively.
14β-Arylpropiolylamino-17-cyclopropylmethyl-7,8-dihydronormorphinones and Related Opioids. Further Examples of Pseudoirreversible μ Opioid Receptor Antagonists (2009)

14beta-4'-Chlorocinnamoylaminodihydronormorphinone (2a), and analogues, are selective pseudoirreversible antagonists of the mu opioid receptor (MOR). The preparation of analogues with ethynic bonds, replacing the ethenic bond of 2a, is described. The new ligands, in mouse antinociceptive assays, had pseudoirreversible MOR antagonist activity, which, in the case of 8b was of longer duration than that of 2a. The related codeinone (9b) had only antagonist activity in vivo, in contrast to 2a's codeinone equivalent 3a, which had potent antinociceptive activity.
Metabolic Control Analysis of Eucaryotic Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Multienzyme Complex (2002)

Metabolic control analysis (MCA) of pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme (PDH) complex of eucaryotic cells has been carried out using both in vitro and in vivo mechanistic models. Flux control coefficients (FCC) for the sensitivity of pyruvate decarboxylation rate to activities of various PDH complex reactions are determined. FCCs are shown to be strong functions of both pyruvate levels and various components of PDH complex. With the in vitro model, FCCs are shown to be sensitive to only the E1 component of the PDH complex at low pyruvate concentrations. At high pyruvate concentrations, the control is shared by all of the components, with E1 having a negative influence while the other three components, E2, X, and K, exert a positive control over the pyruvate decarboxylation rate. An unusual behavior of deactivation of the E1 component leading to higher net PDH activity is shown to be linked to the combined effect of protein X acylation and E1 deactivation. The steady-state analysis of the in vivo model reveals multiple steady state behavior of pyruvate metabolism with two stable and one unstable steady-states branches. FCCs also display multiplicity, showing completely different control distribution exerted by pyruvate and PDH components on three branches. At low pyruvate concentrations, pyruvate supply dominates the decarboxylation rate and PDH components do not exert any significant control. Reverse control distribution is observed at high pyruvate concentration. The effect of dilution due to cell growth on pyruvate metabolism is investigated in detail. While pyruvate dilution effects are shown to be negligible under all conditions, significant PDH complex dilution effects are observed under certain conditions. Comparison of in vitro and in vivo models shows that PDH components exert different degrees of control outside and inside the cells. At high pyruvate levels, PDH components are shown to exert a higher degree of control when reactions are taking place inside the cells as compared to the in vitro situation.
"Grovemett" (1923)

"Grovemett" Get access Joseph Walton Joseph Walton Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s13-I, Issue 19, 10 November 1923, Page 371, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s13-I.19.371h Published: 10 November 1923
Cultivation and characterization of cells derived from mouse skin papillomas induced by an initiation-promotion protocol (1986)

Methods to culture cells from papillomas induced by an initiation-promotion protocol in SENCAR mice were developed, and the resultant cell lines have been characterized. Using Eagle's medium with 0.05 mM Ca2+ conditioned by dermal fibroblasts and supplemented with 1 ng/ml epidermal growth factor (EGF) in culture dishes coated with collagen and fibronectin, six cell lines (PA, PB, PC, PD, PE and PF) were established from separate pools of papillomas. When tested for tumorigenicity in nude mice by injection of a cell suspension or implantation of cells growing on a plastic liner, two of the lines (PC and PF) produced no tumors at any passage. In contrast, cells of the lines PA and PE produced highly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas from the earliest passage tested. The results with PB and PD were variable on tumorigenicity testing with some passages positive and others negative. When tested for responsiveness to Ca2+ (greater than 0.1 mM) as a differentiation stimulus, all lines responded. In the higher Ca2+ medium there was a 50-95% decrease in colony-forming efficiency, a slight decrease in [3H]thymidine incorporation (except for PA) and an increase in the number of cornified cells (except for early passage PF). Epidermal transglutaminase activity, a marker for terminal differentiation, was increased in the presence of medium with Ca2+ greater than 0.1 mM. However, unlike normal cells, only a fraction of the cells from each of the papilloma-derived cell lines terminally differentiated in response to Ca2+ while the remaining cells continued to proliferate, although at a slower rate. Responsiveness to phorbol ester tumor promoters was also examined in papilloma cell lines. 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) treatment increased colony forming efficiency, DNA synthesis and colony size in all lines in medium with either 0.05 mM Ca2+ or 1.2 mM Ca2+. TPA treatment also increased ornithine decarboxylase activity in all lines, even at the higher Ca2+ concentration, although normal keratinocytes respond only when grown in medium with low Ca2+. TPA treatment caused only a slight increase in the number of cornified cells and no increase in epidermal transglutaminase activity in papilloma cells while it causes 10-fold or greater increases in these differentiation markers in normal keratinocytes. Thus papilloma cells appear to differ from normal keratinocytes in their ability to maintain a proliferating population under conditions favoring terminal differentiation, their consistent proliferative response to phorbol esters under these same conditions, and their reduced sensitivity to phorbol ester-induced terminal differentiation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Analysis of dynamic characteristics of twin-tower moving-bed adsorber. (1990)

本研究は石炭灰, 消石灰および石膏から製造した吸着剤を用いた移動層型の乾式脱硫装置の動特性について数値解析したものである.動特性シミュレータは, 吸着剤の亜硫酸ガス吸着速度式と物質収支式からなり, 計算結果は燃焼排ガス処理量50000Nm3/hの石炭灰利用乾式脱硫装置の二塔式移動層型吸着塔の試験結果と対比し妥当性を確認した.このシミュレータによりボイラ日間負荷により起こる最大負荷量から1/4負荷量に対する二塔式移動層型吸着塔の脱硫性能, 消石灰利用率の挙動を検討した.ボイラの負荷変化に応じ吸着塔への吸着剤供給量を調整するCa/Sモル比一定制御法により脱硫率, 消石灰利用率は良好に負荷追従することを明らかにした.
Genetic Diversity and Spoilage Potentials among <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. Isolated from Fluid Milk Products and Dairy Processing Plants (2003)

Degradation of milk components through various enzymatic activities associated with the contamination of dairy products by Pseudomonas spp. can reduce the shelf life of processed milk. Reliable methods for differentiating among Pseudomonas spp. strains are necessary to identify and eliminate specific sources of bacterial contamination from dairy processing systems. To that end, we assessed the genetic diversity and dairy product spoilage potentials among a total of 338 Pseudomonas spp. isolates from raw and pasteurized milk and from environmental samples collected from four dairy processing plants. The majority of isolates were identified as P. fluorescens and P. putida by API 20 NE. A total of 42 different ribotype patterns were identified among a subset of 81 isolates. The presence of many different ribotypes within this collection indicates high genetic diversity among the isolates and suggests multiple origins of contamination within the processing plant and in dairy products. The extracellular enzyme activity patterns among Pseudomonas isolates appeared to be associated with ribotypes. Isolates with the same ribotype frequently had the same extracellular protease, lecithinase, and lipase activities. For example, isolates grouped in ribotype 55-S-6 had the highest extracellular protease activity, while those in ribotypes 50-S-8 and 72-S-3 had the highest extracellular lipase activities. We conclude that ribotyping provides a reliable method for differentiating Pseudomonas strains with dairy food spoilage potential.
<title>Combined video and audio watermarking: embedding content information in multimedia data</title> (2000)

Audio and video watermarking enable the copyright protection with owner or customer authentication and the detection of media manipulations. The available watermarking technology concentrates on single media like audio or video. But the typical multimedia stream consists of both video and audio data. Our goal is to provide a solution with robust and fragile aspects to guarantee authentication and integrity by using watermarks in combination with content information. We show two solutions for the protection of audio and video data with a combined robust and fragile watermarking approach. The first solution is to insert a time code into the data: We embed a signal as a watermark to detect gaps or changes in the flow of time. The basic idea uses numbers increasing by one. If in the verification process the next number is smaller than the last one or the step is greater than one, the time flow has been changed. This is realized without the combination of video and audio data. But we can synchronize the two data streams. A time signal is only valid if the combination of audio and video signals satisfy a certain attribute. To keep the basic example: if we embed an increasing a number in the audio and a decreasing number in the video, we could test if the combination of both always equals zero. The second solution is more complex: We use watermarks to embed information in each media about the content of the other media. With the help of speech recognition technology it is possible to embed the spoken text, the content, of an audio file in the video. With an algorithm previously developed in [1] we extract video content representation which is embedded in the audio stream. In our paper we present the problem of copyright protection and integrity checks for combined video and audio data. We show our two solutions and discuss our results.
Wellbore Stability Prediction and Anisotropic Modeling in Highly Tectonic Basin, Eastern India (2008)

Wellbore stability analysis has been carried out for wells to be drilled in a highly tectonic area, involving overpressured sands,<br>laminated shales and steeply inclined beds, in Eastern India. Data acquired on wells abandoned in the past with 52 to 73%<br>NPT, have been utilized to generate static mechanical properties and in-situ stress information.
Systemic Tocopherols and F2-Isoprostanes and the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia: A Prospective Population-Based Study (2009)

Oxidative stress in the brain is suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, serum alpha- and gamma-tocopherol, the two major systemic antioxidants, were analyzed at two examinations of the ULSAM-study, a longitudinal, community-based study of elderly men (age 70, n = 616 and age 77, n = 761). In addition, urinary F2-isoprostane levels, as markers of systemic oxidative stress, were analyzed at the age of 77 in this cohort (n = 679). Cox regression analyses were used to examine associations between serum alpha-, gamma-tocopherol and urinary F2-isoprostane levels and AD, any type of dementia (all-cause dementia) and non-AD dementia. On follow-up (median, 12.3 years), 40 subjects developed AD and 86 subjects developed all-cause dementia. Serum alpha- and gamma-tocopherol or urinary F2-isoprostane levels were not associated with the future risk of AD or dementia. In conclusion, systemic serum alpha- and gamma-tocopherol and urinary F2-isoprostane levels are not associated with the future risk of AD or dementia and do not seem to be useful predictors of clinical AD or dementia.
Aerofoil self-noise radiations subjected to serration flap angles (2021)

Abstract Besides the investigation of the aeroacoustics responses of an asymmetric aerofoil subjected to serrated trailing edge flap angles from negative (flap-down) to positive (flap-up), this paper also provides a new perspective on the physical mechanisms of broadband noise reduction by a serrated trailing edge. The blade-loading effect, which is a function of the length and flap angle for a straight/non-serrated trailing edge flat plate, plays a considerable role in the self-noise radiation that is hitherto less recognised. When the same trailing edge flat plate is cut into a sawtooth serration shape, the self-noise reduction will be underpinned simultaneously by both the serration effect (dominant) and the blade-loading effect. The results demonstrate that the far-field radiation of a serrated aerofoil can be manipulated significantly depending on the direction of the flap angle. In the flap-down configuration, the blade-loading will become a negative factor that causes a deterioration of the noise reduction performance across the entire frequency range. In the flap-up configuration, three spectral frequencies zones can be defined. At the low-frequency zone, the diminished cross-flow at the sawtooth gaps will impede the noise reduction capability. At the central-frequency zone, the re-distribution of the turbulence sources and reduction in the turbulence spanwise length scales will enhance the noise reduction performance. Improvement in the noise performance can also be achieved at the high-frequency zone owing to the lack of interaction between the cross-flow and sawtooth structure. A new concept is positively demonstrated by varying the serration flap angle as a periodic function across the spanwise direction (spanwise wavy serration). When compared to a non-flap serrated trailing edge, the spanwise wavy serration is found to further increase the noise reduction level between the central and high-frequency regions. Graphic abstract