gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Mathematical Theory of Photo-Viscoelasticity (1949)

A phenomenological law of optical birefringence, induced by small strain in viscoelastic materials, is formulated and applied to an idealized medium. The resulting optical-stress-strain-time-temperature relations are used in finding conditions under which models made of viscoelastic materials may be employed in the photoelastic method of solving boundary value problems in the linear theory of elasticity.
Sedimentation of particles through quiescent suspensions (1990)

Studies of falling-ball rheometry in concentrated suspensions, embodying a combination of analysis experiment, and numerical simulation, are discussed. Experiments involve tracking small balls falling slowly through otherwise quiescent suspensions of neutrally buoyant particles. A theory has been developed relating the average ball velocity to the macroscopic suspension viscosity, and, for dilute suspensions, agreement is obtained with Einstein's sheared suspension viscosity. Detailed trajectories of the balls, obtained either with new experimental techniques or by numerical simulation, are statistically interpreted in terms of the mean settling velocity and the dispersion about that mean. We show that falling-ball rheometry, using small balls relative to the suspended particles, can be a means of measuring the macroscopic zero-shear viscosity without disturbing the original microstructure significantly; therefore, falling-ball rheometry can be a powerful tool to study the effects of microstructure on the macroscopic properties of suspensions. 25 refs.
10T Class Trapped Field Properties of a Large Gd-Ba-Cu-O Bulk Superconductor (2013)

So far there have been few reports on high trapped fields for a large superconducting bulk because of large electromagnetic force and insufficient homogeneity. In this paper, the temperature dependence of trapped field for one large crystal of Gd-Ba-Cu-O 46 mm in diameter was empirically investigated. The sample was not broken even in the 10 T field-cooling, implying that the sample quality is excellent in spite of the large size. The trapped field measured at the sample surface was 9.1 T at 42 K, but it can be estimated approximately 13 T by extrapolating the experimental data over 60 K.
Syphilis surveillance in France, 2000-2003 (2004)

This article describes syphilis trends, characteristics of patients from 2000 to 2003 in France and trends of the benzylpenicillin benzathine 2.4 million UI sales from 2001 to 2003. The ongoing surveillance system for syphilis case reporting since 2001 has been set up in volunteer settings, mostly public settings where STI treatment is offered. Clinical case reporting is complemented by sexual behavioural data based on a self-administered questionnaire. From 2000 to 2003, 1089 syphilis cases were reported in France, increasing from 37 cases in 2000 to 428 in 2003. Overall, 96% of syphilis cases were in men with a mean age of 36.5 years and 70% of whom were born in France. The proportion of syphilis cases with HIV co-infection decreased over time from 60% in 2000 to 33% in 2003. The most affected area by the syphilis epidemic is the Ile-de-France region, mainly the city of Paris. The greatest proportion of syphilis cases diagnosed in men who have sex with men (MSM) were in the Ile-de-France region, where they made up 87% of cases, compared with 75% in other regions. Among the patients who completed the self-administered questionnaire on sexual behaviour, 83% reported having casual sex partners in the 3 months prior to their syphilis diagnosis. Trends in the sales of benzylpenicillin benzathine 2.4 million UI in private pharmacies are similar to those observed in the surveillance system, and increased between 2001 and 2003. In conclusion, syphilis transmission is still ongoing in France in 2003 and the role of unprotected oral sex in the transmission of syphilis should be emphasised.
Hypolimnion Oxygenation and its Effects on the Depth Distribution of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Gizzard Shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) (1977)

Abstract The hypolimnion of a quarry pond at Ottoville, Ohio, was artificially oxygenated by using a side-stream pump. Summer concentrations of dissolved oxygen were increased from almost 0 to 8 mg/liter in 1973 and were held at or above 7 mg/liter (range 7.0–21.5) in 1974; thermal stratification was maintained in both years. In previous years, when the pond was not artificially oxygenated or aerated by other means, rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) did not survive the summer because of high water temperature and oxygen depletion. One thousand rainbow trout were stocked after oxygenation in August 1973 and 800 stocked in May 1974. Anglers creeled several hundred fish each summer and gill net catch per effort remained constant during the study periods indicating that survival was probably high. Gill netting in February 1974 confirmed that trout were still present from the previous summer stocking. Trout were largely confined to the hypolimnion during thermal stratification, and were usually near its upper bo...
Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome ‐ PMWS. The first year with the disease in Sweden (2004)

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) is causally associated with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection of pigs. PCV2 has been present in the Swedish pig population for at least ten years. Despite this, no signs of PMWS were observed in pigs of Sweden until 2003. Since then the disease has spread slowly in Sweden. The pig population of Sweden is geographically isolated, the density of pigs and the pathogen load in the country is low and the trade of animals is organised in a restricted way. To date, there has been little information placed in the peer-reviewed literature on the study of the spread of PMWS in a country during the early phase of the disease outbreak, mainly because diagnosis of PMWS has only occurred after the disease has been recognised on a number of farms. This manuscript documents the studies to date on the PMWS outbreak in Sweden which has been closely monitored since the initial outbreak of diseases on a single farm in 2003 was diagnosed. In Sweden PMWS was officially reported for the first time at a progeny test station during December 2003. One year later sixteen herds have been diagnosed and reported to the authorities: one progeny test station, one nucleus herd, thirteen piglet producers or integrated herds and one specialised fattening herd. Fifteen suspected cases have been deemed negative for PMWS with disease scenarios associated with Lawsonia intracellularis, Brachyspira pilosicoli, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, shortcomings in feed composition etc. To date, one year after the index case was reported ten other herds suspected for PMWS are under observation. The PMWS cases are concentrated into the southern part of Sweden. However, the disease is spreading slowly, and in general there are no obvious physical links between affected herds. The data generated to date in Sweden suggest that introduction of a new contagious microbe into the country that is responsible for the PMWS outbreaks appears unlikely, as does the spread of PMWS via semen.
A Simple Score to Identify Increased Risk of Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction (2022)

A simple 6 variable clinical score may be used to guide use of PYP and increase recognition of ATTR-CM among patients with HFpEF in the community. Further validation in larger and more diverse populations is needed.
Prevalence of central islands after excimer laser refractive surgery (1995)

We conducted a study to determine the prevalence of central islands after refractive excimer laser surgery and the factors associated with their occurrence. A VISX Twenty/Twenty excimer laser was used to perform 157 photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and 263 photorefractive astigmatic keratectomy (PARK) procedures. Corneal topography was assessed in 156 patients three months postoperatively using a topographic analysis system. Central islands were seen in 67% of patients; 26% had islands of 3.0 diopters (D) or more in height. Occurrence was associated with the laser suction nozzle being fixed during the procedure (P < .05). There was no demonstrable effect of central islands on visual acuity or refractive outcome, nor was there any relation to the amount of attempted correction or type of procedure (PARK or PRK). Central islands with a curvature difference of less than 3.0 D were seen more frequently than an absence of islands, suggesting these may be a "normal" postoperative topographic variation. The effect of nozzle position on island formation suggests that plume removal or corneal hydration may be important, as is corneal epithelial healing.
Capillary isoelectric focusing and isoelectric buffers: an evolving scenario. (1998)

The present review offers a new look at capillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF) by centering on the most troublesome aspects of the technique, namely: 1) how to modulate the slope of the pH gradient, for increasing resolution (equivalent to pH gradient engineering, as easily available in immobilized pH gradients); and 2) how to keep proteins in solution at (and in the proximity of) the pl value. A simple solution is offered in the first case: addition, to the standard 2-pH-units interval, of separators or spacers, i.e., of amphoteric molecules (either single or in combination) able to locally flatten the pH and increment resolution. Examples of the separation of fetal and glycated hemoglobins are provided. In the second case, a unique solubilization power (while maintaining full protein integrity and enzyme activity) is obtained if class I solubilizers are used. They consist of mixtures of sugars (e.g., sucrose and sorbitol) at ca. 1 M concentration, with zwitterions (up to 1 M) such as the class of nondetergent sulfobetaines, but also taurine and some of the Good's buffers (e.g., CAPS). In these solvents, the protein exists in a state of superhydration and its solubility is greatly augmented. The review ends with an excursus on the use of isoelectric buffers in zone electrophoretic separations. Such isoelectric buffers offer unique advantages: They permit very-high-voltage gradients (up to 1000 V/cm) and thus minimize analysis times (down to a few min in 30-35 cm long capillaries). This results in a marked increase in resolution, due to minimal diffusion-driven peak spreading. Such buffers are finding unique applications for generating peptide maps of tryptic digests of proteins and also in the analysis of oligonucleotides.
Invariance Principle of Control for Chemical Processes (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInvariance Principle of Control for Chemical ProcessesD. E. Haskins and C. M. SliepcevichCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamen. 1965, 4, 3, 241–248Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i160015a001https://doi.org/10.1021/i160015a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views56Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A steep thermal gradient thermotaxis assay for the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans (2000)

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans with its well-described nervous system is one of the multicellular organisms of choice to study thermotaxis. The neuronal circuitry for thermosensation has been analyzed at the level of individual cells. Two methods have previously been described to study the behavior of C. elegans with respect to temperature: 1) isothermal tracking assays and 2) linear thermal gradients (Hedgecock and Russell, 1975). Here we present a short linear thermal gradient assay which is faster and which allows statistical evaluation of different populations using a thermotaxis index. Thin agar plates are used on which a temperature gradient from about 10 degrees to 30 degrees is induced over the distance of about 5 cm. The short linear thermal gradient uses inexpensive materials so that multiple tests can be performed in parallel in a short period of time.
Polymers Containing Sulfur, Polysulfones (2000)

Abstract This article discusses the synthesis, properties, fabrication, and uses of aromatic polysulfones. These polymers are a class of high performance amorphous thermoplastics characterized by high glass‐transition temperatures, good mechanical strength and stiffness, and excellent thermal and oxidative resistance. They are used in a broad range of engineering applications and continue to find new uses as demands for high temperature plastic materials proliferate. The characteristic structural feature of these polymers is the presence of the para‐linked diphenylsulfone group as part of the backbone repeat unit. Emphasis of the discussion is placed on the three commercially available polysulfones, ie, those based on the polycondensation of 4,4′‐dihalodiphenylsulfone with bisphenol A, 4,4′‐dihydroxydiphenylsulfone, and 4,4′‐dihydroxydiphenyl, respectively. Polymerization techniques discussed include nucleophilic and electrophilic polycondensation routes. Property discussions touch on structure and property relations, thermal, physical, and mechanical properties, as well as other performance characteristics. Blendability of polysulfones with other polymers is also briefly discussed. Applications and uses for polysulfones are described as they pertain to specific resin performance features. Also included is information about commercial sources and costs for these materials.
Description of an unusually large outbreak of nervous system disorders caused by equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV1) in 2009 in Belgium (2011)

Neurological diseases caused by neuropathogenic strains of EHV1 are being reported with increasing frequency.Consequently, concern is being voiced within the US horse industry that the neurologic form of EHV1 may be intensifying in prevalence and/or morbidity and mortality.In Belgium, outbreaks of EHV1induced abortions are an annually recurrent phenomenon, but outbreaks of equine herpes myelitis (EHM) are rare.This report describes an unusually large outbreak of EHV1-induced EHM that involved at least 13 different premises.Seven of them were characterized in more detail and were included in this study.A morbidity of 26% was seen, with an EHM incidence of 43% in the affected horses.The outbreak was characterized by rapid occurrence of ataxia and paralysis immediately after disappearance of the fever.EHV1 was diagnosed by means of virus isolation and/or seroconversion.The isolated virus was classified either as neuropathogenic or as belonging to group 4 after sequencing in the ORF30 and ORF68 regions, respectively.The extent of this outbreak and the high percentage of neurological disease, along with the fact that EHM is only sporadically seen in Belgium, might indicate that the neurological form of EHV1 is possibly also emerging in Belgium.
Effects of Pleiotrophin Overexpression on Mouse Skeletal Muscles in Normal Loading and in Actual and Simulated Microgravity (2013)

Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a widespread cytokine involved in bone formation, neurite outgrowth, and angiogenesis. In skeletal muscle, PTN is upregulated during myogenesis, post-synaptic induction, and regeneration after crushing, but little is known regarding its effects on muscle function. Here, we describe the effects of PTN on the slow-twitch soleus and fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles in mice over-expressing PTN under the control of a bone promoter. The mice were maintained in normal loading or disuse condition, induced by hindlimb unloading (HU) for 14 days. Effects of exposition to near-zero gravity during a 3-months spaceflight (SF) into the Mice Drawer System are also reported. In normal loading, PTN overexpression had no effect on muscle fiber cross-sectional area, but shifted soleus muscle toward a slower phenotype, as shown by an increased number of oxidative type 1 fibers, and increased gene expression of cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV and citrate synthase. The cytokine increased soleus and EDL capillary-to-fiber ratio. PTN overexpression did not prevent soleus muscle atrophy, slow-to-fast transition, and capillary regression induced by SF and HU. Nevertheless, PTN exerted various effects on sarcolemma ion channel expression/function and resting cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration in soleus and EDL muscles, in normal loading and after HU. In conclusion, the results show very similar effects of HU and SF on mouse soleus muscle, including activation of specific gene programs. The EDL muscle is able to counterbalance this latter, probably by activating compensatory mechanisms. The numerous effects of PTN on muscle gene expression and functional parameters demonstrate the sensitivity of muscle fibers to the cytokine. Although little benefit was found in HU muscle disuse, PTN may emerge useful in various muscle diseases, because it exerts synergetic actions on muscle fibers and vessels, which could enforce oxidative metabolism and ameliorate muscle performance.
Evidence for the role of organics in aerosol particle formation under atmospheric conditions (2010)

New particle formation in the atmosphere is an important parameter in governing the radiative forcing of atmospheric aerosols. However, detailed nucleation mechanisms remain ambiguous, as laboratory data have so far not been successful in explaining atmospheric nucleation. We investigated the formation of new particles in a smog chamber simulating the photochemical formation of H(2)SO(4) and organic condensable species. Nucleation occurs at H(2)SO(4) concentrations similar to those found in the ambient atmosphere during nucleation events. The measured particle formation rates are proportional to the product of the concentrations of H(2)SO(4) and an organic molecule. This suggests that only one H(2)SO(4) molecule and one organic molecule are involved in the rate-limiting step of the observed nucleation process. Parameterizing this process in a global aerosol model results in substantially better agreement with ambient observations compared to control runs.
Trapping and manipulation of micro- and nanoparticles on the surfaces of lithium niobate crystals utilizing light-induced electric space charge fields (2006)

Inhomogeneous illumination causes charge separation in a lithium niobate crystal which results in field gradients in proximity to the crystal surface. We recorded diverse patterns and utilized the field gradients to trap micro- and nanoparticles.
Comparison of Prophylactic Oophorectomy Specimens From Carriers and Noncarriers of a BRCA1 or BRCA2 Gene Mutation (1999)

Our data suggest that many of the histologic "abnormalities" described in "normal" ovaries are, in fact, variations of the normal and are not associated with the development of cancer.
Non-overlapping Dual Camera Fall Detection Using the Nao Humanoid Robot (2014)

With an aging population and a greater desire for independence, the dangers of falling incidents in the elderly have become particularly pronounced. In light of this, several technologies have been developed with the aim of preventing or monitoring falls. Failing to strike the balance between several factors including reliability, complexity and invasion of privacy has seen prohibitive in the uptake of these systems. Some systems rely on cameras being mounted in all rooms of a user's home while others require being worn 24 hours a day. This paper explores a system using a humanoid NAO robot with dual vertically mounted cameras to perform the task of fall detection.
Real‐time analysis of dopamine: antagonist interactions at recombinant human D<sub>2long</sub> receptor upon modulation of its activation state (2001)

1. Antipsychotic drugs may mediate their therapeutic effects not only by preventing the binding of dopamine but also by decreasing the propensity of the dopamine receptor to assume an active R* state. Ligand-mediated activation and blockade of the recombinant human D(2long) receptor was investigated in CHO-K1 cells upon modulation of its R* state. 2. Both the Ala(371)Lys (A371K) and Thr(372)Arg (T372R) D2long receptor mutants could be activated in a ligand-dependent manner via a chimeric G(alphaq/o) protein, and more efficaciously so than with the promiscuous G(alpha15) protein. 3. Dopamine and partial agonists (E(max): lisuride >> (+)-UH 232 approximately bromerguride) displayed dissimilar Ca(2+) kinetic properties at wild-type and mutant receptors. A371K and T372R D2long receptor mutants demonstrated an attenuated and enhanced maximal response to these partial agonists, respectively. 4. Dopamine antagonists were unable to block the transient high-magnitude Ca(2+) phase at the wild-type D2long receptor upon simultaneous exposure to antagonist and dopamine, while full blockade of the low-magnitude Ca(2+) phase did occur at a later time (onset-time: haloperidol < bromerguride < (+)-butaclamol). A similar, though more efficacious, antagonist profile was also found at the A371K mutant receptor. Conversely, the blockade of the low-magnitude Ca(2+) phase was attenuated (haloperidol) or almost absent [(+)-butaclamol and bromerguride] at the T372R mutant receptor. 5. In conclusion, mutagenesis of the Ala(371) and Thr(372) positions affects in an opposite way the ligand-dependent activation and blockade of the D2long receptor. The observed attenuation of dopamine-mediated Ca(2+) signal generation with different decay-times may underlie distinct properties of the dopaminergic ligands.
Gender Differences in the Livers of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Chronic Hepatitis C Infection (2012)

Male patients with CHC develop HCC more frequently when they have a non-cirrhotic liver than do female patients. This gender difference could be, at least partially, attributed to a different degree of iron deposition, which contributes to the development of HCC in the absence of liver cirrhosis in men with CHC.
Dephosphorylation Reactions with Deferoxamine, A Potential Chemical Nuclease (2011)

We report a detailed kinetic and mechanistic study of the reaction of a widely used therapeutic agent, deferoxamine (DFO), which contains three nucleophilic hydroxamate groups, with the model phosphate diester bis-2,4-dinitrophenylphosphate BDNPP. We clarify the mechanism by detecting important phosphorylated intermediates in the model reaction and show that the mechanism can be extended to the reaction with DNA. The effectiveness of DFO in cleaving DNA was examined over a range of pH in the absence and presence of a biologically available metal (Zn(2+)). The results inform and complement ongoing studies involving DFO, which can act as a powerful nucleophile toward DNA and other targets susceptible to nucleophilic attack.
Cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma metastasis on the face (2015)

A brn jelentkez malignus tumorok diagnosztikja, kezelse az onkodermatolgiai ellts szerves rsze. Az arcon elfordul neoplasik lehetnek primer brtumorok, belszervi malignus folyamatok cutan metastasisai