gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supercritical fluid chromatography—finding a place in the chromatographers' arsenal? (1994)

Abstract In the mid‐ to late 1980s, supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) was ‘reborn’ as a technique for the 1990s. Supercritical fluids have physical properties (viscosity, diffusivity and density) intermediate between those of licuids and gases. Analyte solubilities are similar to those in some liquid chromatography solvents and the gas‐like properties of supercritical fluids make higher resolution or shorter analysis times possible. Applications and experience with a home‐built SFC system, as well as methods developed elsewhere, are described. The successes and limitations of the technique are reviewed together with details of the instrumentation. Areas in which SFC may become the procedure of choice include multi‐residue methods, non‐polar analyses, micro‐preparative uses and for difficult extractions. The advances in GC and HPLC technology, however, lead us to believe that SFC will remain a specialist technique, appealing only to a minority of analysts.
Thiosemicarbazones and hydrazones of alpha-methylchalkone as potential chemotherapeutic agents. (1975)

The effectiveness of chalkones and derivatives as antibacterial and antifungal agents stimulated our interest in the possibility of coupling this type of compound with certain hydrazines and thiosemicarbazides to determine the potential chemotherapeutic activity of these combinations as anticancer and antimalarial agents. Accordingly, 18 hydrazine and thiosemicarbazide derivatives of alpha-methylchalkone (dypnone) have been synthesized for study as potential antitumor agents in animal tumor systems against Walker 256 carcinosarcoma (intramuscular) and leukemia L-1210 and for antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei in experimentally infected mice. Of the series of chalkone derivatives, significant inhibition in preliminary tests against the Walker 256 carcinosarcoma (intramuscular) rat tumor system was exhibited by alpha-methylchalkone-1,4-phthalazinediyldihydrazone and showed activity in the leukemia 1210 mouse tumor system. The guanylhydrazone of alpha-methylchalkone showed good inhibition with confirmed activity against Plasmodium berghei in experimentally infected mice.
Epidemiology and management of diarrheal disease in HIV infected patients (1999)

Diarrhea is the most common gastrointestinal symptom in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. It affects up to 90% of patients, becoming more frequent and severe as the immune system deteriorates. It often is associated with significant morbidity and mortality particularly in the developing countries. Gastrointestinal infections, some of which are attributable to inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene are the predominant cause of diarrhea, although multiple medications, including traditional herbs, also may be causes. The basic principles of management include detection of treatable causes, relief of symptoms, prevention of malnutrition, and psychosocial support. In up to 60% of cases, no cause can be identified, partly because of inadequate investigative facilities. Symptomatic treatment is the mainstay of management particularly when no cause can be identified. Unfortunately this can be extremely difficult when the patient is severely immune-suppressed. There is poor response to motility control drugs, such as loperamide, and others, such as octreotide, are too expensive. Fluid replacement should be started early to prevent excessive dehydration. This should be combined with nutritional support to prevent malnutrition. Psychosocial support, including counselling, for both the patient and the caring relatives, is required to alleviate anxiety, particularly when the diarrhea becomes intractable.
Some Aspects of Circulant Preconditioners (1993)

This paper studies circulant approximations of Hermitian Toeplitz matrices that are solutions of certain minimization problems relative to the Frobenius norm, the $lub_1 $, or the $lub_\infty $ norms. The examinations supplement the family of the so-called optimal and superoptimal preconditioners that have been proposed for the preconditioned conjugate gradient method for solving Toeplitz systems $T_n x = b$. For the new Frobenius norm approximations it is shown that they can be computed in $O(n\log (n))$ arithmetic operations, and that the eigenvalues of the preconditioned linear equations are asymptotically clustered around 1 if $T_n $ is a leading principal submatrix of an infinite Toeplitz matrix connected with a positive function of the Wiener class.
Studying the Ductility Factor for Middle Gusset Connections in Chevron Braced Frame Configurations (2019)

Chevron bracing is a common configuration for concentrically braced frames. Typically gusset plates are used to connect the braces to the frame in such braced frames. One of the common issues in brace connections is the uneven stress distribution across the welded gusset edge. The development of a peak stress induced at some point across the welded connection might cause the weld to fail at the point where the stress is concentrated causing an unzipping of the weld and a progressive failure of the welded connection. A weld ductility factor has been used to account for the uneven connection stress distribution. However, the limited experimental work on which the ductility factor is based was performed considering only corner gussets. This study evaluates the ductility factor value for chevron (middle) gusset plate connections. In order to do so, a group of twenty assemblies, each consisting of a beam, rectangular gusset(s) with chavron V- and X-type bracing configuration, and the beam to gusset(s) weld connections are designed, and then modeled in a finite element software to check the stress distribution along the weld line. Based on the obtained results, the common weld ductility factor value should be increased to a larger amount for the case of chevron gusset plate.
Enabling Technologies for People with Dementia (2004)

Acknowledgements: We would like to thank Sanna Parviainen, Christina Manderbacka, Kristiina , Forsberg, and Carita Virkola for their great help with the interviews and Carita for doing the MMSE tests. We are very thankful for local dementia associations in Tampere, Helsinki and Vantaa and especially Maijaliisa Vanninmaja and Pertti Riihlela for co-operation in recruitment. The willingness of the families to participate such an unexceptional study are also warmly thanked for; we were pleased to be able to share this experience with them.
Behavior, nutrition and lifestyle in a comprehensive health and disease paradigm: skills and knowledge for a predictive, preventive and personalized medicine (2012)

Health and disease of individuals and of populations are the result of three groups of risk factors: genetics, environment and behavior. Assessment, interventions and tailored changes are possible with integrated approaches more effective if respectful of individuals and different cultures. Assessment tools and integrated interventional strategies are available, but widespread knowledge, skills and competence of well trained individual Medical Doctors still lack. Mediterranean diet is an appropriate reference paradigm because encompasses consistent research background, affordable sustainability, widespread comprehensibility and attractiveness inside a cultural framework of competences and skills in which the Medical Doctors can personally manage the need of prediction (early diagnosis), prevention (intervention on healthy persons) and tailored therapy and follow-up for patients. This profile is flexible and adjustable according to specific needs and preferences due to different economic and ethno-cultural milieus. It can enhanced through on-site/e-learning Continuous Medical Education (CME), by training and using friendly and affordable equipments.
SEMG feature extraction methods for pattern recognition of upper limbs (2011)

In this paper, a new feature of surface electromyo-graphy (sEMG) by using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is proposed for motion recognition of upper limbs, and this method can be eventually used for rehabilitation robot control. Seven traditional features of sEMG are also extracted for comparative study, they are integral of absolute value (IAV), difference absolute mean value (DAMV), zero crossing (ZC), variance (VAR), mean power spectral density (MPSD), mean frequency (MF) and median frequency (MDF) respectively. For comparing the recognition rate of the different motions of the upper limb, each feature or their combination are used to construct the feature vectors, and the BP neural network with variable learning rate back propagation with momentum (GDX) algorithm is used to classify these motion modes. The experimental results summarize that the new feature extracted by using DWT presents a higher recognition rate (98.9%) than all of the traditional features, and the traditional features combination can also greatly improve the recognition rate (99%).
[Pharmacological properties and therapeutic profile of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.)]. (1999)

The results of several clinical investigations showed the efficacy and safety of artichoke extracts (Cynara scolymus L.) in the treatment of hepato-biliary dysfunction and digestive complaints, such as sensation of fullness, loss of appetite, nausea and abdominal pain. Moreover earlier findings on a lipidlowering and hepatoprotective effect may be confirmed. In-vitro and in-vivo it has been possible to evaluate the underlying pharmacological mechanisms. Flavonoids and caffeoylquinic acids are mainly responsible for the observed actions.
Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Spatial Variability Affected by Drip Irrigation Methods in a Pomegranate Orchard (2020)

Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions is essential to combat climate change, and also for sustainable agriculture. Agriculture is facing a growing number of challenges including water shortage and environmental degradation that threaten crop production. In this research, field monitoring was carried out to evaluate the effects of drip irrigation methods and nitrogen (N) fertilization level on carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions in a 5-year old pomegranate orchard. Surface drip irrigation (DI) and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) were tested as main treatments. Three N application rates (50%, 100%, and 150% in reference to current practices) were applied as sub-treatments. CO 2 emission data were collected during the growing season. The CO 2 flux near the irrigation line was significantly higher from DI (ave. 2.67 mol m -2 s -1 ) than SDI (ave. 1.74 mol m -2 s -1 ). There were significant spatial variations surrounding a tree from DI but much less from SDI. However, no significant differences in cumulative CO 2 emissions were determined between DI (7.5-9.5 Mg ha -1 ) and SDI (7.7-9.0 Mg ha -1 ) due to small wetting areas under DI. These values may subject to error due to the limited number of sampling times in spatial variations. The higher DOC and water content in surface soil from DI contributed to the higher CO 2 emissions in comparison to SDI. The spatial variation should be considered to accurately estimate CO 2 emissions in orchard settings especially with irrigation systems. The SDI provides overall benefits of water savings, improvement on nutrient use efficiency, and reduction in total greenhouse gas emissions.
Relative potency of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in preventing atrophy and apoptosis in the prostate of the castrated rat. (1996)

Although dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is the principal androgen in the prostate, testosterone can also act as an androgen in this tissue. To determine the relative potencies of testosterone and DHT in preventing prostate regression, castrated rats were implanted for 4 d with varying doses of testosterone in the presence or absence of the 5alpha-reductase inhibitor finasteride. In the absence of finasteride, testosterone in the prostate is converted to DHT, creating an intraprostatic DHT dose response. In the presence of finasteride, this conversion is blocked, and an intraprostatic testosterone dose response is achieved. DHT was 2.4 times more potent than testosterone at maintaining normal prostate weight and duct lumen mass, a measure of epithelial cell function. The two androgens were equipotent at preventing DNA fragementation and expression of testosterone-repressed prostate message, two measures of apoptosis (cell death). The intraprostatic testosterone concentration that results from finasteride treatment in rats is sufficient to inhibit apoptosis but will not maintain normal epithelial cell activity. In conclusion, whereas DHT is more potent than testosterone at stimulating prostate epithelial cell function as measured by ductal mass, the two androgens are equipotent at preventing prostate cell death after castration. These results explain why finasteride causes prostate involution in the rat with minimal evidence of prostate cell death.
Immune System Modeling and Analysis (2014)

EDITORIAL article Front. Immunol., 19 December 2014Sec. B Cell Biology Volume 5 - 2014 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00644
Analysis of a multi-part spares inventory system subject to ambiguous fault isolation (2001)

This paper considers a multi-part spares inventory model for a maintenance system composed of a spares-stocking centre and a repair centre. In the maintenance system, multi-part spares are jointly needed to repair faulty end items determined by ambiguous fault isolation done by the built-in-test-equipment (BITE). If any operating end item breaks down, then all associated parts should be replaced either iteratively (one at a time) or altogether. In the case of iterative replacement, failed parts are detected in the field after fixing the broken end item. However, in the case of group (altogether) replacement, all removed parts are sent to the repair centre where the failed part is detected and fixed. The repaired or non-failed parts are then restocked at the spares-stocking centre. For the system, this paper is to derive the exact expressions for the distribution function and the expected numbers of the backlogged end items under the cannibalization policy. These expressions are then used in the optimization of the associated spares' inventory level. Illustrative numerical examples are also presented.
Let the Girls Play, Too (1958)

(1958). Let the Girls Play, Too. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 29, No. 5, pp. 22-22.
A new method for the assessment of suturing ability. (1997)

A new method for the formal assessment of surgical ability in simple wound closure is presented. Suture tension and accuracy of placement are measured indirectly in a standardized rig using Lyofoam as a skin substitute. This method has been used to assess a group of seven junior hospital doctors before and after instruction in a workshop setting. Formal instruction reduced suture tension by an average of 30.3% for the group as a whole (P < 0.01). Standard deviation in inter-suture distance was reduced by an average of 39.4% (P < 0.05), suggesting increased accuracy of suture placement following teaching. On the basis of this study, it appears that those involved in suturing wounds would benefit from postgraduate instruction in workshop setting early in their career.
Segmentation of medical ultrasound image based on local histogram range image (2010)

Image segmentation plays an important role in both qualitative and quantitative analysis of medical ultrasound images but it is known to be a difficult task due to the relatively low resolution and reduced contrast of the images, as well as due to the discontinuity and uncertainty of segmentation boundaries caused by speckle noise. Under such conditions, useful segmentation results seem to be only achievable by means of relatively complex algorithms, which are usually computationally involved and/or require a prior learning. In this paper, we proposed a new segmental method combined local histogram range image (LHRI) model with morphological image processing. In the first step, LHRI is used to obtain a primary segmentation and morphological image processing makes the region-of-interest (ROI) complete to get a complete tissue. Experimental result on medical ultrasound images show that our proposed algorithm can correctly segment the tissue's on ultrasound images.
Design of a scan format converter using the bisigmoidal interpolation (1998)

This paper describes a circuit that converts a wide range of personal computer video formats to a target format. The conversion is based on the bisigmoidal interpolation, and look-up tables are used for efficient hardware implementation of that interpolation. The scan converter was modeled in VHDL and implemented as a single chip in a 0.6 /spl mu/m CMOS semiconductor process.
Synthesis of inline filters with arbitrarily placed attenuation poles by using nonresonating nodes (2005)

A general and direct synthesis technique of pseudoelliptic inline filters with arbitrarily placed attenuation poles (APs) (transmission zeros) at real frequencies is presented. The APs are brought about and independently controlled by dedicated resonators, which are coupled to nonresonating nodes. Simple rules to properly determine the phases of the reflection coefficients at the input and output are given. To reduce the effect of roundoff errors, especially for higher order filters, the extraction of the elements of the network is performed from the input and output simultaneously. Multiplicity and scaling properties of the solutions are discussed. Synthesis examples are presented to demonstrate the soundness of the procedure. Theoretical results are compared with measurement to demonstrate the validity of the presented theory.
Collective Hindsight: A Review Of The Grass Roots Primer (1975)

What do you do when the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers announces that its solution to the hurricane "problem" in New York (four major hurricanes in 200 years) is to build a wall around Coney Island? How do you fight it when a local landowner secures a zoning variance so he can open a game farm whose main access (for its projected 300,000 visitors in 100,000 cars) is the only street in your tiny village? In the days before the citizen's suit provisions of the present environmental laws there was very little recourse for people outraged by plans like those described. One could appeal a zoning variance or seek an injunction against a nuisance, but these are highly expensive tactics and almost hopeless in the face of such a formidable foe as the Corps.\nToday there are a variety of federal, state, and local laws under which concerned citizens can challenge projects they find unreasonable. For example, under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA), the Corps would have had to file an environmental impact statement, whose adequacy could have been challenged by any individual or organization which could demonstrate that the wall would cause them "injury in fact". Similarly, under Vermont's Land Use and Development Law (Act 250), before the game farm could be built, the developer would have to prove that his "Wildlife Wonderland" would be damaging neither to the environment nor to the community for which it was planned. But not every environmentally unsound project comes within the legislative purview, and those that do still require legal and scientific expertise to meet the various burdens imposed on those challenging the project. Yet many of these projects are successfully challenged; many environmental laws are nullities until grass roots environmental groups assert their rights under them. How was it done, and how can it be done more effectively in the future? James Robertson and John Lewallen have put together the environmental do-it- yourself Grass Roots Primer. They describe it as "a practical book for people whose world is threatened, and who want to do something effective to prevent the piecemeal destruction of Earth's natural environment." (p. 7) And that is exactly what The Grass Roots Primer is: a practical key to effective action.
Les pouvoirs du Sénat américain en matière de traités. (1950)

Pinto Roger. Les pouvoirs du Sénat américain en matière de traités.. In: Revue internationale de droit comparé. Vol. 2 N°1, Janvier-mars 1950. pp. 5-26.
Node negative breast cancer. (1990)

It is true that the Priory Hospitals Group is the largest provider of private psychiatric care in Britain. The authors fail to make it clear, however, that this group is the "encouraging exception"2 that they refer to. Thus the exception becomes the rule. Following the example set by the Priory group there is reason to be optimistic that private psychiatric hospitals in the United Kingdom will take a different approach to their American counterparts. Responsibilities to research and training are taken seriously. A recently held Priory Fellows Day, devoted entirely to projects associated with this hospital and attended by 120 psychiatrists, provides further evidence.
Inclusion of NICE guidance into local formularies (2013)

Abstract Recent guidance from NICE requires that NICE‐approved medicines must be automatically included into local formularies.
Channel waveguides in glass via silver-sodium field-assisted ion exchange (1986)

Multimode channel waveguides were formed by field-assisted diffusion of Ag+ ion from vacuum-evaporated Ag films, into a sodium aluminosilicate glass reported to yield high diffusion rates for alkali ions. Two-dimensional index profiles of channel waveguides formed by diffusion from a strip aperture were controlled by means of diffusion time, temperature, and electric field. The diffusion equation for diffusion through a strip aperture in the presence of a one-dimensional electric field was solved. Its solution was in agreement with measured concentration profiles: <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\frac{C(x,y,t)}{C_{0}} = \frac{1}{2} \{ erf (\frac{a - x}{2\sqrt{Dt}}) + erf (\frac{a + x}{2\sqrt{Dt}})\}</tex> <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">.\frac{1}{2} \{ erfc (\frac{y - \muE_{y}t}{2\sqrt{Dt}}) + e^{(yE_{y}/D)} erfc (\frac{y + \muE_{y}t}{2\sqrt{Dt}})\}</tex> Diffusion coefficients in this aluminosilicate glass were determined to be <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D =(2.41 \times 10^{-13}) (\frac{m^{2}}{s}))</tex> <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">.\exp (\frac{-3.1 \times 10^{4}\frac{J}{mol}}{RT})</tex> Diffusion coefficients were higher (between 150°C and 300°C) than those of a low-iron soda-lime silicate glass "standard" also studied, for which diffusion coefficients were <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D =(3.28 \times 10^{-13} (\frac{m^{2}}{s}))</tex> <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">.\exp (\frac{-3.6 \times 10^{4}}{RT} (\frac{J}{mol}))</tex> This difference in diffusion coefficients is due to the higher activation energy of diffusion in the soda-lime silicate glass. The Gladstone-Dale relation was used to calculate the maximum possible refractive index change via Ag+-Na+ ion-exchange for each type of glass. The maximum index change in the sodium aluminosilicate glass is found to be about 65 percent of that in the soda-lime silicate glass.
EMIT tests for drugs of abuse: interference by liquid soap preparations. (1985)

Journal Article EMIT tests for drugs of abuse: interference by liquid soap preparations. Get access T Vu Duc T Vu Duc Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 31, Issue 4, 1 April 1985, Pages 658–659, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/31.4.658 Published: 01 April 1985