gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controlling the dynamics of quantum mechanical systems using meta-atoms (2012)

We provide an overview of our latest activities on using optical meta-atoms to mediate the interaction of light with molecular systems. The first subject concerns the control of the dynamics of quantum mechanical systems featuring dipole-forbidden transitions. There, the meta-atoms provide local fields that exhibit a large electric quadrupole moment. The second issue is related to the enhancement of the upconversion process in erbium-doped glasses. There, the optical meta-atom has to show a resonance at multiple frequencies which matches the term schema of erbium. It will be concluded that optical meta-atoms are promising to enable inaccessible processes in a quantum mechanical system which will allow groundbreaking applications.
Margination of Fluorescent Polylactic Acid–Polyaspartamide based Nanoparticles in Microcapillaries In Vitro: the Effect of Hematocrit and Pressure (2017)

The last decade has seen the emergence of vascular-targeted drug delivery systems as a promising approach for the treatment of many diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. In this field, one of the major challenges is carrier margination propensity (i.e., particle migration from blood flow to vessel walls); indeed, binding of these particles to targeted cells and tissues is only possible if there is direct carrier-wall interaction. Here, a microfluidic system mimicking the hydrodynamic conditions of human microcirculation in vitro is used to investigate the effect of red blood cells (RBCs) on a carrier margination in relation to RBC concentration (hematocrit) and pressure drop. As model drug carriers, fluorescent polymeric nanoparticles (FNPs) were chosen, which were obtained by using as starting material a pegylated polylactic acid-polyaspartamide copolymer. The latter was synthesized by derivatization of α,β-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl)-d,l-aspartamide (PHEA) with Rhodamine (RhB), polylactic acid (PLA) and then poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG) chains. It was found that the carrier concentration near the wall increases with increasing pressure drop, independently of RBC concentration, and that the tendency for FNP margination decreases with increasing hematocrit. This work highlights the importance of taking into account RBC-drug carrier interactions and physiological conditions in microcirculation when planning a drug delivery strategy based on systemically administered carriers.
Measurement of Adenylylcyclase Activity in the AV Nodal Region of the Canine Heart: Evidence for Inhibition by Adenosine and Acetylcholine (1997)

Although it is essential to cardiac conduction, little is known about the biochemistry underlying postreceptor adrenergic, cholinergic and purinergic processes in the AV node. To study these mechanisms, we adapted a new and highly sensitive fluorometric assay for cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to characterize regional adenylylcyclase activity (cyclic AMP production in pmol/min/mg of protein) in membrane preparations made from 20-50 pieces of freeze-dried, 20-microm thick, microdissected samples of tissue from canine right atrium, the AV nodal region, and left ventricle. Basal and NaF-stimulated adenylylcyclase activity (mean +/- SEM, n = 6) were 7.2 +/- 0.4 and 72.4 +/- 7.5 in atrial, 15.6 +/- 1.3 and 58.8 +/- 4.7 in AV nodal, and 6.4 +/- 0.9 and 66.7 +/- 5.0 in ventricular tissues, respectively. Isoproterenol (10(-7)-10(-4) M) increased adenylylcyclase activity in a dose-dependent fashion in three different regions. The isoproterenol (10(-6) M)-stimulated adenylylcyclase activity (n = 6) was 14.4 +/- 1.3 in atrial, 21.9 +/- 1.6 in AV nodal and 13.4 +/- 1.4 in ventricular tissues. Adenosine (10(-3) M) and carbachol (10(-5) M) inhibited isoproterenol (10(-6) M)-stimulated adenylylcyclase activity to 10.1 +/- 1.1, 12.9 +/- 1.3 in atrial, 15.1 +/- 1.6, 15.5 +/- 1.2 in AV nodal, and 7.5 +/- 0.7, 11.9 +/- 1.2 in ventricular tissues, respectively. The results demonstrate that there are regional differences in adenylylcyclase activity under basal conditions and after adrenergic, purinergic, and cholinergic stimulation in the heart. Unlike adenosine, the inhibitory effects of cholinergic stimulation appear to be more specific for the AV node.
Synthesis and properties of new cationic-periphery porphyrins, tetrakis(p-(aminomethyl)phenyl)porphyrin and N-methyltetrakis(p-(aminomethyl)phenyl)porphyrin (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and properties of new cationic-periphery porphyrins, tetrakis(p-(aminomethyl)phenyl)porphyrin and N-methyltetrakis(p-(aminomethyl)phenyl)porphyrinDavid K. Lavallee, Zhengjiu Xu, and Richard PinaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 22, 6000–6008Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00074a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00074a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views546Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of (±)-2-<i>O</i>-[4‘-(<i>N</i>-9‘ ‘-Purinyl)butyl] <i>myo</i>-Inositol 1,4,5-Tris(phosphate), a Potent Full Agonist at the <scp>d</scp>-<i>myo</i>-Inositol 1,4,5-Tris(phosphate) Receptor (2005)

Racemic 2-O-[4'(9''-N-purinyl)butyl] myo-inositol 1,4,5-tris(phosphate) 8 was synthesized starting from myo-inositol. Substitution of position 2 by an alkyl side chain was rendered possible by inversion of the chair conformation of the inositol ring by means of an orthoester. The final compound is a full agonist with the same order of potency as d-myo-inositol 1,4,5-tris(phosphate).
Reaction products of sulbactam with pyrazole, 1,2,4-triazole and imidazole: High-performance liquid chromatographic behavior and structural investigation. (1985)

The reactions of sulbactam (I) with pyrazole, 1, 2, 4-triazole and imidazole in weakly alkaline solutions yielded 1-(5-carboxy-6-methyl-6-sulfino-4-aza-2-heptenoyl)-pyrazole (III), -1, 2, 4-triazole (IV), and -imidazole (V), respectively. The proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) behavior indicate that III, IV and V each exist as a mixture of E- and Z-isomers in a ratio of about 2 : 1 in aqueous solutions at low temperature, and that rapid interconversion between the E- and Z-isomers occurs at high temperature. Compounds III, IV and V were converted to methyl 5-carboxy-6-methyl-6-sulfino-4-aza-2-heptenoate (II) in methanol.
<i>S</i>‐Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency: A second patient, the younger brother of the index patient, and outcomes during therapy (2005)

S-Adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) hydrolase deficiency has been proven in a human only once, in a recently described Croatian boy. Here we report the clinical course and biochemical abnormalities of the younger brother of this proband. This younger brother has the same two mutations in the gene encoding AdoHcy hydrolase, and has been monitored since birth. We report, as well, outcomes during therapy for both patients. The information obtained suggests that the disease starts in utero and is characterized primarily by neuromuscular symptomatology (hypotonia, sluggishness, psychomotor delay, absent tendon reflexes, delayed myelination). The laboratory abnormalities are markedly increased creatine kinase and elevated aminotransferases, as well as specific amino acid aberrations that pinpoint the aetiology. The latter include, most importantly, markedly elevated plasma AdoHcy. Plasma S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) is also elevated, as is methionine (although the hypermethioninaemia may be absent or nonsignificant in the first weeks of life). The disease seems to be at least to some extent treatable, as shown by improved myelination and psychomotor development during dietary methionine restriction and supplementation with creatine and phosphatidylcholine.
Modeling for Conversion of Two-phase Esterification for Biodiesel Production (2013)

ABSTRACT The conversion of two-phase esterification was performed with the employment of two approaches whereby in the first approach, pseudo-homogeneous phase was assumed and deviation from the experimental data was noticeably observed; and to overcome the drawback, in the second approach, vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) was accounted for using ASPEN PLUS and the reaction was allowed to occur in small-time steps using the fatty acid catalyzed kinetics model prior to subsequent VLE calculation. It is assumed in the second approach that transfer between the phases would be faster than the reaction in the separate phases. The outcomes of the second approach show good agreement between the calculated conversion and experimental esterification data in the presence of two phases.
In vitro and in vivo studies with sodium hyaluronate as a carrier for intraocular gentamicin (1991)

We compared the in vitro growth of common intraocular pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in rabbit vitreous and in sodium hyaluronate (SH) with and without gentamicin. The minimal inhibitory concentration for gentamicin/SH was 0.5, 0.062 and 2.0 mcg/ml for these pathogens, respectively. After posterior capsulotomy, P. aeruginosa was inoculated into the anterior vitreous and all 15 untreated eyes developed endophthalmitis. In a similar group, aqueous gentamicin administered in the anterior chamber reduced the incidence of endophthalmitis to 10 of 15 eyes. Under similar circumstances, the SH/gentamicin combination lowered the incidence of endophthalmitis significantly to 4 of 15 eyes. The half-life of aqueous gentamicin was 0.9 h, which was shorter than the 2.2 h for SH/gentamicin combination. These results suggest that SH may be a useful carrier for intraocular drug therapy.
Completion Inspection Method to Check Impermeability of Cover Concrete-Recommendations in Switzerland- (2011)

コンクリート構造物の耐久性能を直接的に確認することを目的とし，スイスでは，竣工時に非破壊の透気試験によって実構造物のかぶりコンクリートの品質（物質移動抵抗性）を検査するために必要となる指針を作成している。プロセス検査ではなく，最終的な製品の耐久性能を直接的に検査する本手法は，耐久性の確保や向上，技術開発につながるものと期待される新たな取組みである。本稿ではその概要を紹介する。
V1830: Complex Radiation Rectourethral Fistula Repair with Buccal Mucosal Patch Graft and Gracilis Muscle Interposition Flap (2007)

You have accessJournal of UrologyVideo Session 7, Wednesday, May 23, 2007, 10:00 am - 12:00 pm1 Apr 2007V1830: Complex Radiation Rectourethral Fistula Repair with Buccal Mucosal Patch Graft and Gracilis Muscle Interposition Flap David Canes, John T. Stoffel, John J. Murray, Peter W. Marcello, and Leonard N. Zinman David CanesDavid Canes More articles by this author , John T. StoffelJohn T. Stoffel More articles by this author , John J. MurrayJohn J. Murray More articles by this author , Peter W. MarcelloPeter W. Marcello More articles by this author , and Leonard N. ZinmanLeonard N. Zinman More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)32220-1AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "V1830: Complex Radiation Rectourethral Fistula Repair with Buccal Mucosal Patch Graft and Gracilis Muscle Interposition Flap." The Journal of Urology, 177(4S), p. 608 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 177Issue 4SApril 2007Page: 608 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information David Canes More articles by this author John T. Stoffel More articles by this author John J. Murray More articles by this author Peter W. Marcello More articles by this author Leonard N. Zinman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Ethnic Variation in Bone Density in Premenopausal and Early Perimenopausal Women: Effects of Anthropometric and Lifestyle Factors (2002)

Bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture rates vary among women of differing ethnicities. Most reports suggest that BMD is highest in African-Americans, lowest in Asians, and intermediate in Caucasians, yet Asians have lower fracture rates than Caucasians. To assess the contributions of anthropometric and lifestyle characteristics to ethnic differences in BMD, we assessed lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in 2277 (for the lumbar spine) and 2330 (for the femoral neck) premenopausal or early perimenopausal women (mean age, 46.2 yr) participating in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. Forty-nine percent of the women were Caucasian, 28% were African-American, 12% were Japanese, and 11% were Chinese. BMDs were compared among ethnic groups before and after adjustment for covariates. Before adjustment, lumbar spine and femoral neck BMDs were highest in African-American women, next highest in Caucasian women, and lowest in Chinese and Japanese women. Unadjusted lumbar spine and femoral neck BMDs were 7-12% and 14-24% higher, respectively, in African-American women than in Caucasians, Japanese, or Chinese women. After adjustment, lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD remained highest in African-American women, and there were no significant differences between the remaining groups. When BMD was assessed in a subset of women weighing less than 70 kg and then adjusted for covariates, lumbar spine BMD became similar in African-American, Chinese, and Japanese women and was lowest in Caucasian women. Adjustment for bone size increased values for Chinese women to levels equal to or above those of Caucasian and Japanese women. Among women of comparable weights, there are no differences in lumbar spine BMD among African-American, Chinese, and Japanese women, all of whom have higher BMDs than Caucasians. Femoral neck BMD is highest in African-Americans and similar in Chinese, Japanese, and Caucasians. These findings may explain why Caucasian women have higher fracture rates than African-Americans and Asians.
Counterpropagating periodic pulses in coupled Ginzburg-Landau equations (1993)

A recently observed stable regime in the form of periodically colliding counterpropagating wave packets (pulses) in an annular convection channel at very small positive overcriticalities is described analytically in terms of coupled Ginzburg-Landau equations. First, the existence of this regime is demonstrated in the framework of the simplest system including only the group-velocity difference, weak gain, and nonlinear dissipative coupling between two modes. In this approximation, the shape of the counterpropagating waves remains indefinite. It is demonstrated that additional dispersive terms, regarded as a small perturbation, provide shaping of the wave packets and also give rise to the deviation of the phase velocity from that for purely linear waves.
Assessments of injectable alginate particle-embedded fibrin hydrogels for soft tissue reconstruction (2013)

Soft tissue reconstruction is often needed after massive traumatic damage or cancer removal. In this study, we developed a novel hybrid hydrogel system consisting of alginate particles and a fibrin matrix that could maintain tissue volume long term. Alginate particles were fabricated by mixing 5% alginate with a 20 mM calcium solution. Cells and these alginate particles were then embedded in fibrin (alginate-fibrin) hydrogels using a dual syringe mixer. Cell-hydrogel constructs were evaluated in terms of cell survival and proliferation in the constructs in vitro. The results indicated that cellular viability, spreading and proliferation in the alginate-fibrin hydrogels were significantly higher compared to constructs fabricated with fibrin or alginate only. In vivo explants showed that cells contained within fibrin-only hydrogels did not contribute to neo-tissue formation, and the fibrin was fully degraded within a 12 week period. In the alginate-fibrin system, higher cellularity and vascular ingrowth were observed in vivo. This resulted in neo-tissue formation in the alginate-fibrin hydrogels. These results demonstrate that fibrin may enhance cell proliferation and accelerate the formation of extracellular matrix proteins in the alginate-fibrin system, while the alginate particles could contribute to volume retention. This injectable hybrid system composed of degradable and non-degradable hydrogels may be a preferable approach to the repair of soft tissue defects.
Tables of Mathieu Integrals for the Internal Rotation Problem (1957)

First Page
Computer vision and graphics in fluorescence microscopy (2002)

The authors analyze medical images which are 3D (or 2D time series) images of individual cells, fluorescently labelled (sometimes dual-labelled) and imaged via a wide-field microscope. The goal is to visualize intracellular structures in these images, and to quantify the spatial relationships among these structures. A local, fast deformable model has been developed which finds the membrane of a cell. DAVE, the visualization tool, is a surface-based algorithm which converts voxel data into surfaces and hence permits the visualization of the cell membrane (as found by the deformable model) in conjunction with the image volume. It also permits the visualization of dual-labelled images and is optimized to emphasize the extent to which the labels colocalize. In addition, a statistical analysis of the significance of the colocalization is performed. The application of the developed tools to several biologically motivated problems is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Augmenting design patterns with design rationale (1997)

Abstract Present-day software applications are increasingly required to be “reuse-conscious” in terms of the operating platforms, topology, and evolutionary requirements. Traditionally, there has been much difficulty in communicating specialized knowledge like design intents, design recommendations, and design justifications in the discipline of software engineering. This paper presents a methodology based on the combination of design rationale and design patterns to design reusable software systems. Design rationale is the representation of the reasoning behind the design of an artifact. Design patterns are descriptions of communicating objects and classes that are customized to solve a general design problem in a particular context. The paper details the use of an explicit software development process to capture and disseminate the specialized knowledge (i.e., intents, recommendations, and justifications) that augments the description of the cases in a library (i.e., design patterns) during the development of software applications by heterogeneous groups. The importance of preserving and using this specialized knowledge has become apparent with the growing trend of combining the software development process with the product (i.e., software code). The importance of codifying corporate memory in this regard is also important considering the changing nature of the workplace, where more people are on contract. The information on how and why a software code was developed becomes essential for efficient and smooth continuity of the present software project as well as for reusing the code in future projects. It has become essential to capture the design rationale to develop and design software systems efficiently and reliably. The software prototype developed using the combined methodology will be used as a part of an integrated design environment for reusable software design. This environment supports collaborative development of software applications by a group of software specialists from a library of building block cases represented by design patterns.
Outcomes and Predictors of Rebleeding After 2-Octyl Cyanoacrylate Injection in Acute Gastric Variceal Hemorrhage (2016)

Injection of 2-OCA was effective at achieving hemostasis in a high proportion of patients (92%) admitted for acute GVH. The risk of glue-related pulmonary embolism approximated 2% in our patient cohort, including 1 fatality.
Traceable Thermodynamic Quantities for Dilute Aqueous NaCl Solutions at Temperatures from (353.15 to 383.15) K and for Dilute Aqueous KCl Solutions from (273.15 to 383.15) K (2018)

We present fully traceable two-parameter Hückel equations with parameters B and b1 for the activity coefficient of sodium chloride and for the osmotic coefficient of water in aqueous NaCl solutions at temperatures from (353.15 to 383.15) K. In our most successful parametrization of these equations, parameter B is treated as a constant whereas b1 is a quadratic function of the temperature. The new calculations extend the tables presented up to 353.15 K in our previous study (Partanen, J. I.; Partanen, L. J.; Vahteristo, K. P. J. Chem. Eng. Data 2017, 62, 2617–2632), showing that our Hückel equations apply up to 383.15 K. We also present fully traceable activity quantities from (273.15 to 383.15) K for dilute KCl solutions. Our equations apply to these solutions at least up to a molality of 0.2 mol·kg–1. This article contains the most important new test results of the Hückel equations, where the literature data have been obtained by direct and isopiestic vapor measurements and boiling-point determinations at various pressures. In forthcoming studies, the test results obtained using these equations from KCl solutions will be published for the existing calorimetric data. On the basis of the extensive testing of our models against the experimental data available, the new tables contain the most reliable values of activity and osmotic coefficients for dilute NaCl and KCl solutions published so far. Finally, we report vapor pressures of water in NaCl and KCl solutions above 383 K up to 473 K. These values are obtained with a new and simplified parametrization of the Hückel equation, and our tests show that the parametrization applies well up to a molality of 6 mol·kg–1 in both cases at the high temperatures.
Dealing with a Model Monster: How to Overcome Challenges to Modeling Complex Nutrient Removal Upgrades (2013)

Dealing with a Model Monster: How to Overcome Challenges to Modeling Complex Nutrient Removal UpgradesFaced with a 1 mg/L Total Phosphorus effluent permit limit and an unusually high influent phosphorus concentration due to industrial discharges, the City of Salem, Ohio was forced to consider various advanced nutrient removal upgrade options for their existing 4 mgd secondary biological treatment plant with the following general process flow schematic (Figure 1).Author(s)Kristin WallerMark GreeneBill MeinertRick ReedMatt HoopesSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Oct, 2013ISSN1938-6478DOI10.2175/193864713813673785Volume / Issue2013 / 16Content sourceWEFTECCopyright2013Word count311