gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor decreases tumor necrosis factor production in whole blood: role of interleukin-10 and prostaglandin E(2). (2005)

Previous reports have indicated that the administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) decreases ex vivo tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production in humans. In this study, we report that daily pretreatment of mice with G-CSF for three days decreases ex vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF production in whole blood. Conversely, production of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) is increased. The inhibitory effect of G-CSF pretreatment on TNF production is partially reversed by addition of an anti-IL-10 antibody, and completely reversed by combined addition of anti-IL-10 antibody and the cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, ketoprofen. These results suggest that G-CSF decreases TNF production in this experimental model by increasing production of IL-10 and PGE(2), which are both known inhibitors of TNF production.
A comparison of electrochemical capacitance-voltage measurements with numerical simulations for pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor structures (1995)

Electrochemical capacitance-voltage (EC-V) profiling is simulated numerically and the results compared with EC-V measurements for AlxGa1−xAs/InyGa1−yAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (p-HEMT) structures. The electrostatic potential is calculated at each etch step by solving the Poisson equation subject to surface pinning. The mobile charge is calculated within the Thomas-Fermi approximation. The calculated potential then forms the basis for the numerical EC-V, enabling the capacitance and apparent electron concentration to be computed. The reconstructed electron distribution has been compared with actual EC-V measurements on actual p–HEMT structures. The results affirm the ability of experimental EC-V to separate detailed features in the electron distribution, such as electrons localized in the δ layer and channel of p–HEMTs. Essentially, the reconstructed electron distribution is a warped version of the true distribution as determined from a self-consistent k⋅p calculation. In δ-doped p–HEMTs, for example, the separation between the charges in the δ layer and channel is less than the actual separation. This trend appears to agree with measured EC-V results. Subject to control over the etching uniformity, experimental EC-V should be capable of delineating detailed features in the electron distribution. Numerical EC-V has also been compared with standard capacitance-voltage (C-V) profiling. The reconstructed numerical C-V electron distribution agrees well with the numerical EC-V distribution.
Zum Einfluß einer glutenfreien Diät auf den Glucosetransport der Triparanolgeschädigten Dünndarmschleimhaut (1969)

Bei der einheimischen Sprue, der gluteninduzierten Enteropathie, sind seit Einführung der Dünndarmbiopsie charakteristische morphologische und cytochemische Veränderungen der Dünndarmschleimhaut bekannt. Hauptmerkmal dieser Veränderungen ist der totale oder partielle Zottenschwund in Verbindung mit einer gesteigerten Regeneration in der Germinativzone. Das Muster dieser Schleimhautläsion galt zunächst als spezifisch für die einheimische Sprue. In den letzten Jahren sind jedoch ähnliche histologische Veränderungen auch bei anderen Dünndarmerkrankungen beschrieben worden [2, 5]. Hinzu kommt, daß auch das diagnostische Kriterium der Ansprechbarkeit auf eine glutenfreie Kost nach Mitteilung einiger Autoren nicht immer verläßlich zu sein scheint [1, 2]. Andererseits können enterale Malabsorptionssyndrome, bei denen es sich nicht um eine einheimische Sprue handelt, unter glutenfreier Diät eine Besserung zeigen [2].
Study of alkyl radicals fragmentation from 2-alkyl-2-propoxyl radicals (2002)

The reaction of a series of 2-alkyl-2-propoxyl radicals 2 in cumene has been studied. Alkoxyl radicals 2 were generated from the thermolysis of the corresponding tert-alkyl peroxypivalates, and underwent several modes of unimolecular reactions, that is, β-scission to give methyl radical, β-scission to give alkyl radicals and 1,5-H shift, which competed with hydrogen abstraction from cumene. The ratios of the rate constant for alkyl radicals elimination to that for methyl radical elimination, kβ(R)/kβ(Me), were determined by using the radical trapping method employing TEMIO as the scavenger. The logarithm of the relative rate was satisfactorily correlated with the heat of formation of the leaving alkyl radicals containing the steric parameters of neopentyl radical 2d. Then the plot of ln [kβ(R)/kβ(Me)] vs. the SOMO energies of the corresponding alkyl radicals showed a linear relationship with a slope of −7.6 eV−1, which is comparable to that of formolysis of alkyl bromides. The mechanism involving a fairly polar transition state of the alkyl radicals fragmentation from tert-alkoxyl radicals 2 is discussed in terms of the MO diagrams and the solvent effects.
Assessment of nutritive value, quality, and stability of cruciferous vegetables during storage and subsequent to processing (1973)

Today the world is confronted with the need for additional food sources which should be easily available, cheap in cost, and high in nutritive value. This article is focused on these interests and critically reviews literature relating to cruciferous vegetables which are able to fulfill the needs. Among the horticultural considerations, the effects of variables such as cultivars, light intensity, growing season, climate and locations, soil fertility, and irrigation, on the nutritive value of these crops are examined. Statistical data from governmental and institutional studies are collected and analyzed to consider the production and performance aspects. Concerning the toxicological considerations, roles that the progoitrogenic thioglucosides play inside the body and the possible correlation between flavor and toxic components are elucidated. Emphasis has been placed on the effects of various handling, processing and storage processes on the nutritional retention of the product. Different processing methods and conditions are compared and discussed for their compatibility of optimum nutritional retention. By studying the compositional data ‐ including protein, magnesium, vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin C ‐ of the 42 varieties of vegetables and fruits, most of the 12 cruciferous vegetables are found to be excellent sources of protein, minerals and vitamins. However, with no nutritional justification, these vegetables are facing a declined consumption. The absence of consumer awareness and the presence of off‐odor producing, sulfur‐containing volatiles are concluded as two major reasons for the declined consumption. The possible needs are suggested for further research in this unexplored, but surely rewarding, field.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Functionalization of an Alkenylcopper Reagent Formed by the syn Addition of (Dialkoxyphosphinyl)difluoromethylcopper to Hexafluoro‐2‐butyne. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Socialist Tradition, Moses to Lenin. (1946)

Journal Article The Socialist Tradition, Moses to Lenin Get access The Socialist Tradition, Moses to Lenin. By ALEXANDER GRAY. (London : Longmans, Green & Co., 1946. Pp. x + 523. 21s.) G. F. Shove G. F. Shove King's College, Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 56, Issue 223, 1 September 1946, Pages 443–446, https://doi.org/10.2307/2226051 Published: 01 September 1946
Apolipoprotein E ε4 Allele Frequency and Age at Onset of Alzheimer’s Disease (2006)

The age distribution of the epsilon4 allelic form of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) was investigated in 630 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) with onset age ranging from 35 to 90 years. Overall, mean age at onset in APOE epsilon4 allele bearers was significantly later than that in nonbearers. However, when stratified into early onset AD (EOAD) and late onset (LOAD) groups, mean age at onset in EOAD cases bearing APOE epsilon4 allele was later than that in those EOAD cases without epsilon4 allele, whereas in LOAD mean age at onset in cases bearing APOE epsilon4 allele was earlier than in those without epsilon4 allele. When analysed by decade, it was observed that 37% of the total number of APOE epsilon4 allele bearers, and 43% of total number of cases with APOE epsilon4/epsilon4 genotype fell into the 60-69 years age class. Hence, APOE epsilon4 allele frequency, at 0.44, was highest in the 60-69 years age class, progressively decreasing either side of this age group. APOE epsilon4 allele therefore has its maximum impact between onset ages of between 60 and 70 years.
EFFECT OF PITUITARY EXTRACTS UPON THE WORK PERFORMANCE OF ADRENALECTOMIZED-HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS: IDENTIFICATION OF VASOPRESSIN AS A PRINCIPLE AFFECTING WORK<sup>1</sup> (1955)

THE rat loses its capacity to work in response to faradic stimulation within a few hours following either adrenalectomy or hypophysectomy. Adrenalectomized rats will work normally when given continuous intravenous injections of adrenal cortical extract (ACE) whereas the performance of hypophysectomized and adrenalectomized-hypophysectomized rats is improved but not restored to normal by ACE. The performance of either hypophysectomized or adrenalectomized-hypophysectomized rats is restored to normal by the continuous intravenous injection of ACE plus certain preparations of corticotropin (Ingle, Nezamis and Morley, 1953; Ingle et al., 1953). The data of the present study show that various fractions of pituitary extracts contain this principle affecting work; that a fraction containing this principle is separable from corticotropin; this principle is not identical with any known anterior lobe hormone; and finally that minute amounts of vasopressin added to ACE will normalize the work of adrenalectomizedhypophysectomized rats in acute experiments.
Dynamic Computational Model of Symptomatic Bacteremia to Inform Bacterial Separation Treatment Requirements (2016)

The rise of multi-drug resistance has decreased the effectiveness of antibiotics, which has led to increased mortality rates associated with symptomatic bacteremia, or bacterial sepsis. To combat decreasing antibiotic effectiveness, extracorporeal bacterial separation approaches have been proposed to capture and separate bacteria from blood. However, bacteremia is dynamic and involves host-pathogen interactions across various anatomical sites. We developed a mathematical model that quantitatively describes the kinetics of pathogenesis and progression of symptomatic bacteremia under various conditions, including bacterial separation therapy, to better understand disease mechanisms and quantitatively assess the biological impact of bacterial separation therapy. Model validity was tested against experimental data from published studies. This is the first multi-compartment model of symptomatic bacteremia in mammals that includes extracorporeal bacterial separation and antibiotic treatment, separately and in combination. The addition of an extracorporeal bacterial separation circuit reduced the predicted time of total bacteria clearance from the blood of an immunocompromised rodent by 49%, compared to antibiotic treatment alone. Implementation of bacterial separation therapy resulted in predicted multi-drug resistant bacterial clearance from the blood of a human in 97% less time than antibiotic treatment alone. The model also proposes a quantitative correlation between time-dependent bacterial load among tissues and bacteremia severity, analogous to the well-known 'area under the curve' for characterization of drug efficacy. The engineering-based mathematical model developed may be useful for informing the design of extracorporeal bacterial separation devices. This work enables the quantitative identification of the characteristics required of an extracorporeal bacteria separation device to provide biological benefit. These devices will potentially decrease the bacterial load in blood. Additionally, the devices may achieve bacterial separation rates that allow consequent acceleration of bacterial clearance in other tissues, inhibiting the progression of symptomatic bacteremia, including multi-drug resistant variations.
1 W (pulsed) vertical cavity surface emitting laser (1993)

The Letter reports for the first time over 1 W pulsed optical power emission obtained at room temperature from an electrically-excited grid-contact vertical cavity top surface emitting laser array. This laser exhibited a low threshold current density of only 600 A/cm2 and over 60% single-ended differential quantum efficiency.
No Matter Where You Are: Flexible Graph-Guided Multi-task Learning for Multi-view Head Pose Classification under Target Motion (2013)

We propose a novel Multi-Task Learning framework (FEGA-MTL) for classifying the head pose of a person who moves freely in an environment monitored by multiple, large field-of-view surveillance cameras. As the target (person) moves, distortions in facial appearance owing to camera perspective and scale severely impede performance of traditional head pose classification methods. FEGA-MTL operates on a dense uniform spatial grid and learns appearance relationships across partitions as well as partition-specific appearance variations for a given head pose to build region-specific classifiers. Guided by two graphs which a-priori model appearance similarity among (i) grid partitions based on camera geometry and (ii) head pose classes, the learner efficiently clusters appearance wise related grid partitions to derive the optimal partitioning. For pose classification, upon determining the target's position using a person tracker, the appropriate region specific classifier is invoked. Experiments confirm that FEGA-MTL achieves state-of-the-art classification with few training data.
Fabrication of n-Type GaN Layers by the Pulse Injection Method at 950°C for Intersubband Devices (2011)

n-type GaN layers were grown at 950°C by metallorganic vapor-phase epitaxy using a pulse injection (PI) method. Carrier densities of 1.6 × 1019 cm−3 and atomically flat surfaces were realized at 950°C by decreasing the partial pressure of trimethylgallium (TMGa) to enhance the surface migration of Ga-species and reduce carbon incorporation. The intersubband transition (ISBT) in AlN/GaN multiquantum wells was first appeared using the PI method, and the ISBT properties were much improved compared to those of MQWs grown by the conventional method. This improvement was due to the improved interface abruptness and layer uniformity.
COMPLEX PROPAGATION CONSTANT OF E-PLANE (1977)

power susceptibility, but it also is a function of the volume damping term is power sensitive, it is necessary to evaluate it in every part of the ferrite structure before forming the dispersion relation. This is done in this paper by dividing the wavegnide assembly in small elements transverse and parallel to the direction of propagation and calcuhting it in each region. The dispersion relation in each section along the direction of propagation is then formed in conjunction with the appropriate Suhl damping constant by establishing the transverse resonance condition. The total output power is obtained by forming the input/ output relation for each section one at a time along the structure. The theory has been found usefid in describing both the onset of limiting and the dynamic range of a ferrite limiter mounted on one of the narrow walls of the waveguhle.
ChemInform Abstract: Transmetalation of Tetranuclear Copper Complexes. Part 6. Transmetalation of L<sub>4</sub>Cu<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Complexes (L: 6‐Methyl‐2‐hydroxypyridinate) by M(NS)2 Reagents. (1986)

Abstract The neutral tetranuclear copper (I) complex (I) is oxidized by excess dioxygen to (II).
MONAD: Self-Adaptive Micro-Service Infrastructure for Heterogeneous Scientific Workflows (2017)

Scientific workflows have become a popular computational model in a variety of application domains, such as astronomy, material science, physics, and biology. As scientific applications are moving to the cloud to take advantage of the elasticity and service level agreement of resources, there has been a number of recent research efforts on cloud-based workflow systems that support various types of performance guarantees under resource cost constraints. However, most of the related work often requires advanced knowledge about workflow structures to perform scheduling and resource optimization. In addition, existing workflow systems usually employ a monolithic approach in workflow implementation and execution, which makes them inefficient in dealing with heterogeneous types of workflows. In this paper, we present MONAD, a self-adaptive micro-service infrastructure for heterogeneous scientific workflows. Specifically, our micro-service architecture helps improve the flexibility of workflow composition and execution, and enables fine-grained scheduling at task level, considering task sharing across different workflows. In addition, we employ a feedback control approach with artificial neural network-based system identification to provide resource adaptation without any advanced knowledge of workflow structures. Our evaluation on multiple realistic heterogeneous workflows demonstrates that our system is robust and efficient in dealing with dynamic scientific workloads.
Infrared Absorption Bands of Enamel and Dentin Tissues from Human and Bovine Teeth (2003)

Abstract The chemical components present in the hard tissue such as water, phosphate, carbonate and organic material strongly absorb infrared radiation. The research in dentistry area has a fundamental interest in identifying the chemical origin of all the bands present in the infrared region to study the chemical and thermal action on the hard dental tissues. To improve this technique it is important to identify chemical alterations in the tissues and characterize their properties in a more natural form. Transmission and reflection spectra in the infrared range from 2.5 µm to 25 µm of the enamel and dentin tissues from human and bovine teeth were acquired. Sliced samples were used for the transmission spectra, polished blocks and natural surfaces for the reflection spectra. Tissue spectra were registered between 4000 and 400 cm−1 in a FTIR Spectrometer. No differences were found between the mineral matrix of human and bovine tissues, only differences in intensity among bands were observed. Regarding the organic matrix, the bands observed in the dentin were not observed in the enamel tissue and, as the same, the bands observed in the enamel tissue were not observed in the dentin tissue with a significant intensity. Using infrared spectroscopy of sliced samples or blocks forms it is possible to characterize the chemical and optical alterations produced in the dental hard tissues by either thermal or chemical treatment, or an association of the two treatments, Therefore this technique can be used in dental research that study the effect of laser irradiation on hard tissues and the acid attack produced by intraoral bacteria.
PVDF sensor and its applications in delamination response detection (1997)

Questions are frequently raised from industries concerning removable and reusable sensors for composite products damage detection and health monitoring. A major requirement is that the tested product should not be altered during the process of bonding and removing the sensor. In this paper, a method using thin PVDF sensors and double-sided tapes to detect delaminations and other damages in composite structures with emphasis on composite beams is presented. Sensor equations are derived for thin PVDF materials. Delamination detection examples, by using the nonlinear characteristics of the delaminated structures and PVDF sensor sensing properties, are also presented. though actuation applications can also be found in literature.'8'91 Campbell et a/.' used PVDF films in conditioning and strain measurement in composite materials. Lee and Moon'3' used flexibility and easy user-tailed properties of the PVDF films and designed modal sensor for given structures. Hanagud et a/.'7' used PVDF films to carry out experimental modal analysis. In this paper, we present the applications of using PVDF sensors in composite structure delamination detections and nonlinear vibration monitoring. Analysis of the thin PVDF films indicates that the sensor output is proportional to the structural local curvature; therefore it is more sensitive to the structural abnormality than those setups using displacement or accelerometer sensors.
Attend and Diagnose: Clinical Time Series Analysis Using Attention Models (2018)

With widespread adoption of electronic health records, there is an increased emphasis for predictive models that can effectively deal with clinical time-series data. Powered by Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) architectures with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) units, deep neural networks have achieved state-of-the-art results in several clinical prediction tasks. Despite the success of RNN, its sequential nature prohibits parallelized computing, thus making it inefficient particularly when processing long sequences. Recently, architectures which are based solely on attention mechanisms have shown remarkable success in transduction tasks in NLP, while being computationally superior. In this paper, for the first time, we utilize attention models for clinical time-series modeling, thereby dispensing recurrence entirely. We develop the SAnD (Simply Attend and Diagnose) architecture, which employs a masked, self-attention mechanism, and uses positional encoding and dense interpolation strategies for incorporating temporal order. Furthermore, we develop a multi-task variant of SAnD to jointly infer models with multiple diagnosis tasks. Using the recent MIMIC-III benchmark datasets, we demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art performance in all tasks, outperforming LSTM models and classical baselines with hand-engineered features.
The spinal biology in humans and animals of pain states generated by persistent small afferent input (1999)

Behavioral models indicate that persistent small afferent input, as generated by tissue injury, results in a hyperalgesia at the site of injury and a tactile allodynia in areas adjacent to the injury site. Hyperalgesia reflects a sensitization of the peripheral terminal and a central facilitation evoked by the persistent small afferent input. The allodynia reflects a central sensitization. The spinal pharmacology of these pain states has been defined in the unanesthetized rat prepared with spinal catheters for injection and dialysis. After tissue injury, excitatory transmitters (e.g., glutamate and substance P) acting though N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and neurokinin 1 receptors initiate a cascade that evokes release of (i) NO, (ii) cyclooxygenase products, and (iii) activation of several kinases. Spinal dialysis show amino acid and prostanoid release after cutaneous injury. Spinal neurokinin 1, NMDA, and non-NMDA receptors enhance spinal prostaglandin E2 release. Spinal prostaglandins facilitate release of spinal amino acids and peptides. Activation by intrathecal injection of receptors on spinal C fiber terminals (mu,/delta opiate, alpha2 adrenergic, neuropeptide Y) prevents release of primary afferent peptides and spinal amino acids and blocks acute and facilitated pain states. Conversely, consistent with their role in facilitated processing, NMDA, cyclooxygenase 2, and NO synthase inhibitors act to diminish only hyperalgesia. Importantly, spinal delivery of several of these agents diminishes human injury pain states. This efficacy emphasizes (i) the role of facilitated states in humans, (ii) shows the importance of spinal systems in human pain processing, and (iii) indicates that these preclinical mechanisms reflect processes that regulate the human pain experience.