gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cellules souches embryonnaires et thérapies cellulaires du système nerveux (2003)

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotential cells derived from the pre-implantation embryo. They can proliferate indefinitely in vitro while retaining pluripotency. ES cells can also be made to differentiate into a large variety of cell types in vitro. This has paved the way to research aimed at using ES-derived cells for cell replacement therapies. Hence, mouse ES cells can efficiently differentiate into neural precursors which can further generate functional neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Methods have also been developed to coax mouse ES-derived neural stem cells to differentiate into either dopaminergic neurons or motoneurons. Mouse ES-derived neural stem cells, or their fully differentiated progeny, have been shown to survive, integrate, and to some extent, function following transplantation within appropriate rodent host tissue. Research on human ES cells is still in its infancy. Considerable work has to be done: (1) to master growth and genetic manipulation of human ES cells; (2) to master their differentiation into specific cell types; and (3) to demonstrate that they can provide long term therapeutical benefits upon grafting into damaged tissues in humans. From the ethical point of view, the establishment of appropriate primate model will be an obligatory prerequisite to clinical trials based on ES cells derivatives grafting.
Sodium channel β1 and β2 subunits parallel SNS/PN3 α-subunit changes in injured human sensory neurons (2001)

Voltage-gated sodium channels consist of a pore-containing alpha-subunit and one or more auxiliary beta-subunits, which may modulate channel function. We previously demonstrated that sodium channel SNS/PN3 alpha-subunits were decreased in human sensory cell bodies after spinal root avulsion injury, and accumulated at injured nerve terminals in pain states. Using specific antibodies for immunohistochemistry, we have now detected sodium channel beta1 and beta2 subunits in sensory cell bodies within control human postmortem sensory ganglia (78% of small/medium (< or = 50 microm) and 68% of large (> or = 50 microm) cells); their changes in cervical sensory ganglia after avulsion injury paralleled those described for SNS/PN3 alpha-subunits. Our results suggest that alpha- and beta-subunits share common regulatory mechanisms, but present distinct targets for novel analgesics.
Prostate carcinoma incidence in relation to prediagnostic circulating levels of insulin‐like growth factor I, insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 3, and insulin (2004)

The IGF-I level was not associated positively with the risk of prostate carcinoma; however, an increase in the IGFBP-3 level was associated with a modest decrease in risk.
Bed rest versus activity ad lib in the treatment of small hyphemas. (1988)

The management of small hyphemas remains controversial. Some authors advocate hospitalization, strict bed rest, and medical therapy with aminocaproic acid. Others are less conservative and recommend treatment on an ambulatory basis without the drug. In order to establish the overall rebleed rate for small hyphemas and to assess whether or not strict bed rest improves the prognosis, we studied 73 patients with small hyphemas occupying less than one third of the anterior chamber. Thirty-seven patients, during the first year of the study, were hospitalized and treated with strict bed rest while 36 patients, during the second year, were hospitalized but allowed to ambulate freely. The overall incidence of rebleeds was 15% (11 of 73). The incidence of rebleeds and other complications was not statistically different between the two study groups. Additionally, the final visual acuity in both groups was essentially identical. We conclude that bed rest does not improve the prognosis in cases of small hyphemas.
Smelling a Single Component of Male Sweat Alters Levels of Cortisol in Women (2007)

Rodents use chemosignals to alter endocrine balance in conspecifics. Although responses to human sweat suggest a similar mechanism in humans, no particular component of human sweat capable of altering endocrine balance in conspecifics has yet been isolated and identified. Here, we measured salivary levels of the hormone cortisol in women after smelling pure androstadienone (4,16-androstadien-3-one), a molecule present in the sweat of men that has been suggested as a chemosignal in humans. We found that merely smelling androstadienone maintained significantly higher levels of the hormone cortisol in women. These results suggest that, like rodents, humans can influence the hormonal balance of conspecifics through chemosignals. Critically, this study identified a single component of sweat, androstadienone, as capable of exerting such influence. This result points to a potential role for synthetic human chemosignals in clinical applications.
Laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy for uteri weighing 1000 grams or more. (2009)

We believe that LAVH is a safe and effective approach for uteri larger than 1000 g. It is our opinion that 3 surgical techniques are required; maximum Trendelenburg position, adequate number of ports, and double coagulations of the uterine vessels.
Chymopapain versus conventional surgery for lumbar disc herniation. 10-year results of treatment (1991)

We reviewed two comparable groups of patients who had been treated for lumbar disc herniation by chymopapain chemonucleolysis (145) or conventional surgical discectomy (91). They were reviewed 10 years after treatment by questionnaire, followed by a personal interview by an independent observer. The results of the surgically treated groups were slightly better than those treated with chymopapain. In particular, there was significantly better early relief of leg and low back pain, and fewer patients needed a second procedure. Complications were few in both groups.
Molybdenum Pentachloride-Induced Reaction of Cyclopropyl-Substituted Carbonyl Compounds (1991)

Abstract Molybdenum pentachloride induced the ring-opening reactions of cyclopropyl phenyl ketone or propyl 2-(trimethylsilylmethyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate to give 1-phenyl-1,2,4-trichloro-1-butene or cis-2-chloro-4-pentanolide, respectively.
An Anaerobic Chemostat That Permits the Collection and Measurement of Fermentation Gases (1973)

A chemostat was designed to allow anaerobic growth in the culture vessel in the absence of a continuous stream of O2-free gas. Produced gases were collected within the culture and collection vessels, and pressure build-up was prevented by allowing gases to expand into a collapsed football bladder. The culture overflow was collected in a flask, held at 0 C, that was emptied by applying a positive CO2 pressure to the system. Ruminococcus albus, a H2 and CO2-producing anaerobe, was used to test the operation of the apparatus. H2 production was measured by sampling the various gas spaces of known volume and measuring H2 concentration by gas chromatography. Measurement of accumulated fermentation gases and the effects of the accumulation on fermentations can be studied with the apparatus.
Application of the FE‐Method to the Simulation of Fatigue Crack Growth in real Structures (2003)

In the following paper at first general concepts which have to be considered for the accomplishment of a 3D fatigue crack propagation simulation by the FE‐method in real structures are introduced. In doing so numerical aspects concerning the necessary mesh generation as well as fracture mechanical issues will be discussed. Furthermore the 3D crack simulation program ADAPCRACK3D, which has been developed at the Institute of Applied Mechanics at University of Paderborn, is presented in its general functionality. The simulation example of the crack propagation in a shutter ring of a hydraulic press shows the practical relevance of both the implemented algorithms and fracture mechanical concepts.
3. Functional Brain Imaging Studies on Brain-gut Interactions in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (2013)

機能性消化管障害（FGID）患者の病態として脳腸相関の異常が想定されている．大腸刺激時の局所脳血流量の変化を観察すると，健常者でみられる前帯状回を中心とした脳領域の賦活がFGID患者ではさらに亢進している事実から，内臓知覚過敏の原因の1つとして脳内プロセシングにおける感作と連合学習が示唆される．脳機能イメージングはFGIDの脳腸相関の病態ならびに治療効果を評価する有力な生物学的指標になりうる．
Maternal obesity accelerates rat offspring metabolic ageing in a sex‐dependent manner (2019)

exposure to the developmental challenge of MO accelerates progeny ageing metabolic and endocrine profiles in a sex specific manner, providing evidence for programming-ageing interactions.
Differences between wines fermented with and without sulphur dioxide using various selected yeasts (1989)

Abstract Comparisons were made between wines resulting from the fermentation of a single grape must of the Verdejo cultivar with various yeasts, namely the indigenous must microflora, pure cultures of Kloeckera apiculata , Torulaspora delbrueckii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae , and mixtures of these cultures, all with or without the addition of SO 2 . There were major differences in both volatile and non‐volatile compounds. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed that these differences were due mainly to the effects of the sulphur dioxide upon the yeasts. Analytical data on the wines demonstrate that the nature of a wine depends upon the particular yeasts present during the fermentation in the absence of SO 2 . On the other hand, if the fermentation is carried out in presence of SO 2 , similar wines are produced despite differences in the microflora.
Oligonucleosides with Integrated Backbone and Base: Foldamers with a Novel Architecture (2005)

Dinucleoside and tetranucleoside analogues with integrated backbone and nucleobase represent a novel type of oligonucleotide foldamers. They are characterized by a linker between C(5?) of one nucleoside moiety and C(8) of an adjacent adenosine, or C(6) of an adjacent uridine. Solutions in chloroform or chloroform/DMSO of these partially protected di-, or tetranucleoside analogues associate. The strength of the association depends on the nature of the linker, the presence, or absence of a hydroxymethyl group on the terminal nucleobase, other protecting groups, and intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The thiomethylene-linked dimers were studied in detail; one of them associates strongly enough that a melting temperature can be determined, evidencing base stacking in chloroform solution. Some dimers form organogels. Two 2?,3?-O-isopropylidene protected self-complementary tetramers were prepared. Their duplexes are conformationally homogeneous. One of the tetramers was characterised in detail; it associates via hydrogen bonds of the Watson-Crick type to form a partial A-type helix with all bases in a syn-conformation and a rather large twist angle. Also studied were di- and tetranucleotide analogues possessing an all-carbon linker; they were derived from (hydroxy)propynylene linked dimers by deoxygenation, partial reduction to the (E)- and (Z)-propenylene linked analogues, and further hydrogenation to propanylene-linked analogues. The propargylic hydroxy group forms an intramolecular hydrogen bond to N(3) of the adenine moiety of the same unit; the resulting conformers associate weakly. Deoxygenation leads to foldamers that associate much more strongly. A (Z)-propenylene-linked dimer also associates strongly, its (E) isomer less so, and the propanylene-linked analogues associate weakly. The results show that backbone-base integration defines a novel structural relation between backbone and nucleobases that favours selective pairing and leads to oligonucleotide foldamers.
Single-Step Transepithelial PRK vs Alcohol-Assisted PRK in Myopia and Compound Myopic Astigmatism Correction (2016)

Transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (tPRK), where both the epithelium and stroma are removed in a single-step, is a relatively new procedure of laser refractive error correction. This study compares the 3-month results of myopia and compound myopic astigmatism correction by tPRK or conventional alcohol-assisted PRK (aaPRK).This prospective, nonrandomized, case-control study recruited 148 consecutive patients; 93 underwent tPRK (173 eyes) and 55 aaPRK (103 eyes). Refractive results, predictability, safety, and efficacy were evaluated during the 3-month follow-up. The main outcome measures were uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), and mean refractive spherical equivalent (MRSE).Mean preoperative MRSE was -4.30 ± 1.72 D and -4.33 ± 1.96 D, respectively (P = 0.87). The 3-month follow-up rate was 82.1% in the tPRK group (n = 145) and 86.4% in aaPRK group (n = 90), P = 0.81. Postoperative UDVA was 20/20 or better in 97% and 94% of eyes, respectively (P = 0.45). In the tPRK and aaPRK groups, respectively, 13% and 21% of eyes lost 1 line of CDVA, and 30% and 31% gained 1 or 2 lines (P = 0.48). Mean postoperative MRSE was -0.14 ± 0.26 D in the tPRK group and -0.12 ± 0.20 D in the aaPRK group (P = 0.9). The correlation between attempted versus achieved MRSE was equally high in both groups.Single-step transepithelial PRK and conventional PRK provide very similar results 3 months postoperatively. These procedures are predictable, effective, and safe for correction of myopia and compound myopic astigmatism.
TID Effects in Deep N-Well CMOS Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (2009)

This paper is devoted to the study of total ionizing dose effects in deep N-well (DNW) CMOS monolithic active pixel sensors (MAPS) for particle tracking fabricated in a STMicroelectronics 130 nm process. DNW-MAPS samples were exposed to gamma-rays up to a final dose of 1100 krad(SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) and then subjected to a 100degC annealing cycle. Ionizing radiation tolerance was tested by monitoring the device noise properties and its response to charge injection through an external pulse generator throughout the irradiation and annealing campaign. The origins of performance degradation are discussed based on the results from radiation hardness characterization of single transistors belonging to the same CMOS technology and of test diodes reproducing the MAPS collecting electrode structure. Also circuit simulations have been performed to supply further evidence for the proposed degradation mechanisms.
<title>Advanced Solar Probe Experiment Module (AD SOLEM)</title> (1996)

A small, low-power suite of fields and particles and imaging experiments is required for fulfilling the critical science objectives for a near-sun flyby mission. We discuss how an integrated instrument suite using novel sensors and advanced detector/microelectronics/packaging techniques can be implemented for such a payload. Critical tradeoffs between science requirements, measurement strategies and these resource limits are discussed, and critical enabling components are identified. The instrument site consists of 6 major investigations, some with multiple sensors, power conditioners for both high and low voltages and a common DPU. The concept design is essentially a dress-rehearsal of how a payload could realistically make the measurements needed to answer the critical science questions while operating within a real-world physics, engineering and technology context.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Purinoceptor function in the immune system (1996)

Immune cells express plasma membrane receptors for extracellular adenosine and purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. Overwhelming evidence suggests that these receptors have a pivotal role in the modulation of several immune cell responses, and may therefore be very important in the overall economy of the immune network. Adenosine can be either an activatory or an inhibitory mediator. Nucleotides have a more complex effect, depending not only on the P2 receptor subtype activated but also on doses applied and the length of stimulation. Both metabotropic (G-protein-linked) and ionotropic (intrinsic ion channels) P2 receptors are present in immune cells and their expression is modulated by inflammatory cytokines and differentiation agents. The physiological meaning of the P2 receptors is still obscure; however, converging evidence from different laboratories suggest that they may be involved in a wide variety of responses such proliferation, differentiation, cell death, and cytokine release. Drug Dev. Res. 39:319–329, 1996. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Use of Chromatin Immunoprecipitation To Clone Novel E2F Target Promoters (2001)

We have taken a new approach to the identification of E2F-regulated promoters. After modification of a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we cloned nine chromatin fragments which represent both strong and weak in vivo E2F binding sites. Further characterization of three of the cloned fragments revealed that they are bound in vivo not only by E2Fs but also by members of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein family and by RNA polymerase II, suggesting that these fragments represent promoters regulated by E2F transcription complexes. In fact, database analysis indicates that all three fragments correspond to genomic DNA located just upstream of start sites for previously identified mRNAs. One clone, ChET 4, corresponds to the promoter region for beclin 1, a candidate tumor suppressor protein. We demonstrate that another of the clones, ChET 8, is strongly bound by E2F family members in vivo but does not contain a consensus E2F binding site. However, this fragment functions as a promoter whose activity can be repressed by E2F1. Finally, we demonstrate that the ChET 9 promoter contains a consensus E2F binding site, can be activated by E2F1, and drives expression of an mRNA that is upregulated in colon and liver tumors. Interestingly, the characterized ChET promoters do not display regulation patterns typical of known E2F target genes in a U937 cell differentiation system. In summary, we have provided evidence that chromatin immunoprecipitation can be used to identify E2F-regulated promoters which contain both consensus and nonconsensus binding sites and have shown that not all E2F-regulated promoters show identical expression profiles.
Contact Probability based Routing protocol for Mobile Social Networks (2013)

Mobile Social Networks (MSNs) aim at forming virtual communities with mobile devices and sharing interest within the community, which has attracted extensive attention in both the academia and the industry in recent years. However, the limited radio coverage and the mobility of users in MSN challenge the design of efficient content delivery schemes. Based on the life regulation of users, this paper proposes a Contact Probability Estimating Model (CPEM) to select the carrier nodes and conduct optimal content forwarding in MSN. Moreover, a Contact Probability based Routing (CPR) protocol is devised to update and share information in a mobile community. Simulation experiments indicate that the CPR proposal is able to provide good performance for an ad hoc MSN in terms of delivery efficiency and reception delay.
[WDHA syndrome (watery diarrhea, hypokalemia and achlorhydria) with high VIP contents in the blood and tumor tissue--a case study]. (1978)

An extensive investigation has been performed on inductively coupled plasma etching of InP. Animportant motivation for this work is the fabrication of high-aspect-ratio holes for photonic crystals.The essential chemistry is based on Cl2 with the addition of N2 or O2 for sidewall passivation. Theinfluence of different process parameters such as gas flows, temperature, pressure, ion energy, andinductively coupled plasma power on the hole geometry is presented. It is concluded that photoniccrystals can be etched with Cl2 only; however, temperature and pressure control is critical. Addingpassivation gases largely broadens the window in the parameter space for hole etching. Mostimportantly, etching of narrow holes can be carried out at higher temperatures where the etching ismass limited and spontaneous etching of InP by Cl2 occurs.
Synchronization of Autonomic and Cerebral Rhythms During Listening to Music: Effects of Tempo and Cognition of Songs (2019)

A large number of studies document cardiorespiratory changes occurring while listening to music. Less is known, however, about the interaction between cardiorespiratory and cerebral electrical rhythms during listening to music and how cognition and acoustic structural aspects of songs influence that interaction. We focused on tempo as a structural feature of songs, since tempo is a major determinant of physiological responses to music, and on familiarity and randomization of phase of local spectra of known and unknown songs for cognition. Our results indicated an overall increase in the degree of synchronization among cardiorespiratory variables (Heart rate (RR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), respiration) and between cardiorespiratory and cerebral (EEG) oscillations during all songs. We also observed a marked decrease in respiratory frequency bandwidth and increase in respiratory rate while listening to songs, and slow song produced the most periodic breathing. Compared with slow tempo, during fast song, DBP and cerebral oscillations became less synchronized with high frequency components of RR suggesting that the processes causing the previously known reduction in vagal activity with increase in tempo also may have caused the decrease in these synchronizations. Cognition of songs affected the SBP coherencies the most. DBP was synchronized with respiration more than all other measured variables in response to auditory stimuli. Results indicate an overall increase in the degree of synchronization among a variety of cerebral electrical and autonomically driven cardiovascular rhythms. It is possible that this significant increase in synchronizations underlies the widely reported pleasurable and palliative effects of listening to music.
Dynamics of Phenol Degrading-Iron Reducing Bacteria in Intensive Rice Cropping System (2001)

Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of cropping season, nitrogen fertilizer input and aerated fallow on the dynamics of phenol degradihg-iron reducing bacteria (PD-IRB) in tropical irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) systems. The PD-IRB population density was monitored at different stages of rice growth in two cropping seasons (dry and early wet) in a continuous annual triple rice cropping system under irrigated condition. In this system, the high nitrogen input (195 and 135 kg N ha-1 in dry and wet seasons, respectively) plots and control plots receiving no N fertilizer were compared to investigate the effect of nitrogen rate on population size. The phenol degrading-iron reducing bacteria (PD-IRB) were abundant in soils under cropping systems of tropical irrigated rice. However, density of the bacterial populations varied with rice growth stages. Cropping seasons, rhizosphere, and aerated fallow could affect the dynamics of PD-IRB. In the field trial, viable counts of PD-IRB in the topsoil layer (15 cm) ranged between 102 and 108 cells per gram of dry soil, A steep increase in viable counts during the second half of the cropping season suggested that the population density of PD-IRB increased at advanced crop-growth stages. Population growth of PD-IRB was accelerated during the dry season compared to the wet season. In the greenhouse experiment, the adjacent aerated fallow revealed 1-2 orders of magnitude higher in most probable number (MPN) of PD-IRB than the wet fallow treated plots. As a prominent group Of Fe reducing bacteria, PD-IRB predominated in the rhizosphere of rice, since maximum MPN of PD-IRB (2.62×108 g-1 soil) was found in rhizosphere soil. Mineral N fertilizer rates showed no significant effect on PD-IRB population density.