gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of roll temperature on formation of refined grains of warm-rolled 7475 based aluminum alloy sheets. (2002)

The effect of temperature of the rolls from 2°C to 110°C in the warm roll process at 350°C was investigated in an attempt to refine the structure of the 7475 based aluminum alloy sheets including Zr which were heated after each roll pass. It was found that a lower temperature of the rolls led the alloy sheets to coarser grain structure after solution heat treatment. The {100} <011> Diagonal Cube component appeared in the surface layer, which suggested that strong shear bands had been formed during rolling in the layer. It was thought that these shear bands acted as nucleation sites for the recrystallized grains in solution heat treatment and contributed to the development of the coarse grain structure in the surface layer. Regarding the center region of the rolled plates, low temperature of the roll did not cause sufficient plastic deformation because of the cyclic occurrence of hardening and softening at the surface layer in the warm rolling process. Consequently, the center region also became coarse grain structure after solution heat treatment. On the contrary, in the case of a higher temperature of the rolls, the subgrain structure less than 3 μm was formed uniformly through the thickness of the plates after solution heat treatment with the strong Brass texture component.
Calibration of a proton beam energy monitora) (2007)

Delivery of therapeutic proton beams requires an absolute energy accuracy of +/-0.64 to 0.27 MeV for patch fields and a relative energy accuracy of +/-0.10 to 0.25 MeV for tailoring the depth dose distribution using the energy stacking technique. Achromatic switchyard tunes, which lead to better stability of the beam incident onto the patient, unfortunately limit the ability of switchyard magnet tesla meters to verify the correct beam energy within the tolerances listed above. A new monitor to measure the proton energy before each pulse is transported through the switchyard has been installed into a proton synchrotron. The purpose of this monitor is to correct and/or inhibit beam delivery when the measured beam energy is outside of the tolerances for treatment. The monitor calculates the beam energy using data from two frequency and eight beam position monitors that measure the revolution frequency of the proton bunches and the effective offset of the orbit from the nominal radius of the synchrotron. The new energy monitor has been calibrated by measuring the range of the beam through water and comparing with published range-energy tables for various energies. A relationship between depth dose curves and range-energy tables was first determined using Monte Carlo simulations of particle transport and energy deposition. To reduce the uncertainties associated with typical scanning water phantoms, a new technique was devised in which the beam energy was scanned while fixed thickness water tanks were sandwiched between two fixed parallel plate ionization chambers. Using a multitude of tank sizes, several energies were tested to determine the nominal accelerator orbit radius. After calibration, the energy reported by the control system matched the energy derived by range measurements to better than 0.72 MeV for all nine energies tested between 40 and 255 MeV with an average difference of -0.33 MeV. A study of different combinations of revolution frequency and radial offsets to test the envelope of algorithm accuracy demonstrated a relative accuracy of +/-0.11 MeV for small energy changes between 126 and 250 MeV. These new measurements may serve as a data set for benchmarking range-energy relationships.
Dermatan sulfate exerts an enhanced growth factor response on skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation and migration (2003)

Skeletal muscle regeneration is a complex process in which many agents are involved. When skeletal muscle suffers an injury, quiescent resident myoblasts called satellite cells are activated to proliferate, migrate, and finally differentiate. This whole process occurs in the presence of growth factors, the extracellular matrix (ECM), and infiltrating macrophages. We have shown previously that different proteoglycans, either present at the plasma membrane or the ECM, are involved in the differentiation process by regulating growth factor activity. In this article, we evaluated the role of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in myoblast proliferation and migration, using C2C12, a satellite cell-derived cell line. A synergic stimulatory effect on myoblast proliferation was observed with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and fibroblast growth factor type 2 (FGF-2), which was dependent on cell sulfation. The GAG dermatan sulfate (DS) enhanced HGF/FGF-2-dependent proliferation at 1-10 ng/ml. However, decorin, a proteoglycan containing DS, was unable to reproduce this enhanced proliferative effect. On the other hand, HGF strongly increased myoblast migration. The HGF-dependent migratory process required the presence of sulfated proteoglycans/GAGs present on the myoblast surface, as inhibition of both cell sulfation, and heparitinase (Hase) and chondroitinase ABC (Ch(abc)) treatment of myoblasts, resulted in a very strong inhibition of cell migration. Among the GAGs analyzed, DS most increased HGF-dependent myoblast migration. Taken together, these findings showed that DS is an enhancer of growth factor-dependent proliferation and migration, two critical processes involved in skeletal muscle formation.
ITER Central Solenoid Module fabrication program (2015)

General Atomics (GA) is currently under contract to fabricate the ITER Central Solenoid Modules (CSM). The contract is managed by the US ITER at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, under the sponsorship of the Department of Energy Office of Science. The contract includes the design and qualification of manufacturing processes and tooling necessary to fabricate seven superconducting CSM (6 + 1 spare) that constitute the ITER Central Solenoid. The modules will be produced and delivered to the ITER site during 2017-2019. GA has established a fabrication facility that combines 1,500 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of offices with 6,000 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of fabrication space. Extensive building modifications were made in anticipation of the first tooling station which arrived in February of 2014. The facility utilizes several cranes with up to 35 ton capability to handle and move delivered conductor and wound hex and quad pancakes during the winding, joint and lead fabrication, and stacking operations. The 110-tonne coil is moved from station to station via a self-propelled air-bearing cart designed for this application. Critical systems have been designed, built and initial testing completed for use in fabricating the CSM. The winding stations were designed, built and successfully tested at the Tauring S.p.A factory in Turin Italy. The reaction heat treatment furnace has been designed, built and tested at Seco-Warwick facility in Sweibodzin, Poland. Insulating wrapping heads were completed by Ridgway Machines Ltd of Leicester, England and shipped to GA. GA has designed and built several other key tooling stations for joining the coil segments, insulating the turns and vacuum pressure impregnation. Qualification of the equipment is accomplished with Factory Acceptance Tests at the supplier's facility, Site Acceptance Tests and commissioning at GA, and is completed with the production of the mockup coil prior to using the station for the fabrication of the first CS module.
Routes to Chaos in External Cavity Semiconductor Lasers (1990)

Semiconductor injection lasers are frequently operated in external cavities for purposes such as spectral narrowing and mode stabilization. However, the external cavity laser is capable of exhibiting a wide range of dynamical behavior, including self-pulsing instabilities and chaos. Currently there is limited understanding of these phenomena, particularly with respect to the crucial question of whether the behavior is stochastic (noise-driven), deterministic or a combination of both. Here we describe experimentally and theoretically the evolution of coherence collapse at low levels, and the onset of another form of coherence collapse as well as self-pulsations and chaos at high levels of feedback (> 1%). Our experiments have used GaAs/GaAlAs index-guided lasers coupled to long (10-60 cm) linear external cavities, without frequency-selective elements such as gratings or etalons. The theoretical analyses of these experiments are based on the usual rate equations for the carrier density and complex optical electric field, the latter equation having an additional time-delayed feedback term for weak external cavities and several such terms for strongly coupled cavities. Good agreement between experiment and theory has been obtained when considering low-feedback coherence collapse, as well as self-pulsations, quasiperiodicity and period doubling in strong feedback situations with tilt asymmetries. Double external cavity lasers can exhibit extreme stability but are susceptible to the same complex dynamical behavior as asymmetric single external cavity systems.
Editorial genesis (2015)

In literary genetics, “editorial genetics” deals with the “public life” of texts, whereas the writing process is affected by edition and diffusion. Editorial genetics frequently has to deal with cases of “editorial rewriting”: in the literary domain for example, authors frequently modify previously published works, so that several versions may co-exist. We are especially interested in Balzac’s La Bourse (translated in English as The Purse ) since we know three authorized versions of this specific work.By comparing different texts associated with a single work, the literary geneticist is facing different products that are themselves the result of a writing process. However, different specificities should be outlined: (1) the writing process does not leave any trace: we just have access to different products/texts and (2) since the texts we compare seem to be achieved, differences must be referred, not to programmatic or temporary linguistic structures, but to the reconfiguration of a pre-existing textuality.Do such products still reflect the processes that have given birth to them? Does the comparison between two texts considered as variations of a same text give access to this transformation’s processes? After describing the objects of this particular textual comparison and the terminology that permits to give an account of such phenomenon, this contribution suggests to express these questions differently, as a matter of poetics of transitions between texts , or, further digging, an hermeneutics of the transition between texts .
Composants logiques et opérateurs matériels, Fondements (1994)

Le chapitre Composants logiques et operateurs materiels. Fondements presente les differents operateurs de calcul et de memorisation que l'on trouve dans les systemes electroniques complexes, et notamment dans les ordinateurs. La caracteristique essentielle de ces operateurs est de travailler sur des donnees quantifiees (appelees numeriques ou digitales) n'utilisant que les valeurs 0 ou 1, par opposition aux circuits et operateurs analogiques qui travaillent sur des donnees continues. Les elements d'algebre de Boole que nous presentons constituent les fondements mathematiques necessaires au traitement des informations quantifiees et a la realisation des differents operateurs materiels qui realisent ce traitement. Les portes logiques (composants logiques de base) sont associees aux differents operateurs de l'algebre de Boole. Les methodes de synthese de fonctions combinatoires permettent de realiser des operateurs de traitement plus complexes, comme les decodeurs, les multiplexeurs, les additionneurs, les unites arithmetiques et logiques, les multiplieurs... a partir des operateurs materiels fondamentaux, qui vont des portes logiques aux operateurs universels comme les ROM, les reseaux logiques programmables (PLA, PAL...). Les bascules, realisees a partir des portes logiques elementaires, sont les elements fondamentaux permettant de memoriser et de modifier l'information. Elles permettent de constituer les registres d'une part, et de realiser les automates necessaires au controle des processeurs et d'un grand nombre de structures materielles d'autre part. Les compteurs ne sont qu'un cas particulier de ces automates.
Characterization of Phosphine Complexes of Technetium(III) as Transport Substrates of the Multidrug Resistance P-Glycoprotein and Functional Markers of P-Glycoprotein at the Blood−Brain Barrier (1997)

The multidrug resistance (MDR1) P-glycoprotein functions as a broad specificity efflux transporter of structurally diverse natural product and xenobiotic compounds. P-glycoprotein also is an important component of the functional blood-brain barrier. To enable further studies of function and modulation of MDR1 P-glycoprotein in vitro and in vivo, two novel phosphine technetium(III) complexes were designed and characterized: trans-[2,2'-(1, 2-ethanediyldiimino)bis(1, 5-methoxy-5-methyl-4-oxo-hexenyl)]bis[methylbis(3-methoxy-1- propyl)ph osphine]Tc(III) (Tc-Q58) and trans-[5,5'-(1,2-ethanediyl diimino)bis(2-ethoxy-2-methyl-3-oxo-4-pentenyl)]bis[dimethyl(3- methox y-1-propyl)phosphine)]Tc(III) (Tc-Q63). In human drug-sensitive KB 3-1 cells and multidrug-resistant KB 8-5 and 8-5-11 derivative cell lines, expressing nonimmunodetectable, low, and high levels of MDR1 P-glycoprotein, respectively, accumulation of Tc-Q58 and Tc-Q63 was inverse to expression of the transporter. Differences between drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant cells, while detectable at picomolar concentrations of each radiopharmaceutical, were independent of tracer concentration. Ratios of tracer accumulation in KB 3-1 and 8-5 cells were 62.3 and 48.1 for Tc-Q58 and Tc-Q63, respectively. Cell contents of Tc-Q58 and Tc-Q63 were enhanced up to 60-fold in MDR cells by known modulators of MDR1 P-glycoprotein, while drugs not in the multidrug-resistant phenotype had no effect on their accumulation. In KB 8-5 cells, potency of modulators was GF120918 >> cyclosporin A > verapamil. Accumulation of Tc-Q58 and Tc-Q63 in Sf9 insect cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus containing human MDR1 P-glycoprotein was reduced in a GF120918-reversible manner (EC50 </= 70 nM) compared with cells infected with a wild-type baculovirus. By contrast, cell contents of Tc-Q58 or Tc-Q63 in Sf9 cells expressing the homologous MDR3 P-glycoprotein did not differ from wild-type virus. Demonstrating molecular targeting of these complexes in vivo, distribution and retention of Tc-Q58 in brain tissue of FVB mice treated with a saturating dose of GF120918 and mice deficient in the mdr1a gene [mdr1a (-/-)] were enhanced 180% and 520% over control, respectively. Exploiting the gamma-emission spectrum of 99mTc, increased uptake of Tc-Q58 in brain tissue of mdr1a (-/-) mice was readily detected noninvasively by scintigraphic imaging. Thus, both Tc-Q58 and Tc-Q63 are demonstrated to be substrates for transport by MDR1 P-glycoprotein, broadening the specificity of this transporter to include phosphine-containing metal complexes. As shown with Tc-Q58, these Q complexes can be used to detect transport activity and modulation of MDR1 P-glycoprotein in vitro and to directly monitor the functional status of P-glycoprotein at the blood-brain barrier in vivo.
The Philosophical Relevance of a “Behavioristic Semiotic” (1948)

As everyone who has looked into almost any philosophical journal within the last year is aware, Charles Morris has written a book on signs. ( Signs, Language and Behavior , Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1946, hereafter abbreviated “SLB”) More precisely, he has elaborated a strain of thought found in his very earliest writings. A first, partial culmination of these ideas is his monograph Foundations of the Theory of Signs (FTS). Since the publication of FTS, Morris has conducted experiments relative to human sign behavior. SLB, I believe, is a revision and expansion of FTS to take into account new material supplied by these experiments and increased insight into the nature of behavior psychology. For Morris now asserts explicitly, what before he only hinted: that “Semiotic thus becomes a part of the empirical science of behavior, and can utilize whatever principles and predictions the general theory of behavior has attained or can attain.” (SLB p. 19)
The in vitro interaction of RA-233 and several interferons on human cell lines. (1984)

The antiproliferative effects of six different human interferons were examined in two human cell lines: HM7 (human melanoma cell line) and MDA-MB-231 (human breast carcinoma cell line). A dose-response curve was developed for each interferon in which the maximum dose applied gave at least 30% growth inhibition of control values after 96-128 hours of continuous exposure. An amount of RA-233 which caused 25% growth inhibition (0.05 mg for both HM7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines) was added to the cultures with various doses of each interferon. The inhibitory effects of RA-233 and each interferon were additive at low concentrations. In no case was a synergistic effect observed. Unlike with human fibroblast interferon, we could not show a synergistic inhibitory effect between RA 233 and any of the six different interferons on these two human epithelial tumor cell lines.
Introduction to Cast Removable Partial Dentures and Surveying (2010)

Abstract Clear visualization of dental materials and technical procedures demonstrated in real time through videos adds another dimension to student learning that is not available from written/verbal descriptions or still images/teaching aids alone. This module includes a series of 11 short video clips that provide an introduction to the parts of a cast removable partial denture (RPD) and the steps involved in the surveying process. Surveying is an essential skill that dental students need to develop to evaluate and design cast RPDs. Verbal descriptions of surveying in lectures and written descriptions in RPD text books and laboratory manuals are insufficient to prepare second-year dental students learning how to survey a partially edentulous cast for the first time. These videos were produced to fill this gap and have received positive feedback from students and course instructors over the past three years. When students have viewed the videos before the first lab and can follow the videos while completing their first surveying exercise in the lab, they are able to quickly master the criteria used to measure competency in surveying. The videos can also be used to review concepts for students currently in the course and courses for the more advanced dental student.
Chaotic Natural Convection in a Toroidal Thermosyphon with Heat Flux Boundaries (2013)

Abstract This computational study investigates nonlinear dynamics of unstable convection in a 3 D toroidal shaped thermal convection loop (i.e., thermosyphon) with heat flux boundary conditions; results are compared to prior 2 D simulations. The lower half of the thermosyphon is subjected to a positive heat flux into the system while the upper half is cooled by an equal-but-opposite heat flux out of the system. Water is employed as the working fluid with fully temperature dependent thermophysical properties and the system of governing equations is solved using a finite volume method. Numerical simulations are performed for varying magnitudes of heat flux ( 1.0 W / m 2 ⩽ q ″ ⩽ 1.0 × 10 4 W / m 2 ) to yield Rayleigh numbers (i.e., buoyant forcing) ranging from 2.83 × 10 4 ⩽ Ra ⩽ 2.83 × 10 8 . Delineation of multiple convective flow regimes is achieved through evolution of the bulk-mass-flow time-series and the trajectory of the mass flow attractor. Simulation results demonstrate that multiple regimes are possible and include: (1) conduction, (2) damped, stable convection that asymptotes to steady-state, (3) unstable, Lorenz-like chaotic convection with flow reversals, and (4) high Rayleigh, aperiodic stable convection without flow reversals. For the Rayleigh numbers considered, it is observed that certain flow regimes are not accessible in toroidal simulations owing to the constraints of additional surface boundaries in a 3 D system. The RMS of mass flow rate, power spectra of oscillatory behavior, dominant oscillatory frequency, and residence time are also described as a function of the buoyant forcing in the system.
Einstellung der Gleichgewichtsform metallischer Nanopartikel durch Dotierung des Oxidträgers (2011)

Kleinste Mengen von Mo-Fremdatomen in einer CaO-Schicht beeinflussen das Wachstumsverhalten von Gold: Während sich auf dem unveränderten Film dreidimensionale Teilchen bilden (oberes STM-Bild), wachsen auf dem dotierten Oxid nur flache Inseln (unten). Die Veränderung der Partikelform wird auf einen Ladungstransfer aus den Mo-Fremdatomen in die Goldinseln zurückgeführt. STM-Messungen in Verbindung mit DFT-Rechnungen geben Einblicke in den Mechanismus.
Novo indicador de dose em CT (SSDE) determinado por meio de parâmetro geométrico extraído do cabeçalho DICOM (2019)

O índice de dose em tomografia computadoriza (CTDI) é empregado como indicador da dose de radiação recebida pelos pacientes submetidos a exames nessa modalidade de diagnóstico por imagem. Recentemente, organizações internacionais têm recomendado a adequação desse índice considerando o biótipo do paciente (estimativa de dose especificada pelo tamanho – SSDE) para fins de gerenciamento das doses. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a determinação desse novo indicador de dose baseado no tamanho do paciente (SSDE), calculando a espessura antero-posterior (AP) do paciente por meio de parâmetro geométrico (altura da mesa) extraído do cabeçalho DICOM dos arquivos de imagem do exame. Foram selecionados 101 exames de CT de abdome de pacientes adultos realizados em um equipamento Philips modelo Ingenuity CT com 64 canais, instalado no setor de radiologia de um hospital especializado de grande porte. Além do parâmetro de altura da mesa, foram extraídos do cabeçalho DICOM: data de nascimento e peso do paciente, tensão (kVp) e corrente (mA) aplicados no tubo, valor de CTDIvole localização do corte tomográfico. Os dados foram coletados por programa dedicado, desenvolvido em linguagem C. A espessura AP do paciente também foi determinada diretamente a partir da imagem correspondente a um corte tomográfico na região do abdome. Os resultados de SSDE encontrados indicam que 98% dos valores de CTDI estão subestimados. Considerando o tamanho dos pacientes analisados, a dose associada a esse indicador aumentou em ate 60%. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre o valor estimado pela altura da mesa e pela espessura AP medida diretamente na imagem. Os resultados demonstram que os atuais valores de CTDI estão subestimados, sugerindo que a implementação prática dos valores de SSDE pode ser efetuada utilizando o valor da altura da mesa para uma estimativa mais realista da dose recebida pelos pacientes.