gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF CALCIUM-LOADING ON MUSCLE FIBER SIZE AND COMPOSITION FOLLOWING SPACEFLIGHT (1999)

977 Cross-sectional area and composition of muscle fiber were assessed in 9 week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with calcium-loading following an 18 day shuttle flight on STS-80. Twenty eight rats were assigned randomly to four groups based on calcium content of their feed (2.24% and 0.03%) and spaceflight. Following spaceflight, the soleus and EDL muscles were removed, snap frozen and used to determine histochemical properties of muscle fiber types. In the cross-sectional area of soleus muscle of the SHR-Flight rats on high Ca the SO fiber area decreased by 55% and 28% in the FOG fibers than those of matched, non-flight controls. The SHR-Flight low Ca rats had a similar pattern of cross-sectional fiber area changes of the high Ca group. Size of fibers of the EDL muscle were slightly increased for the spaceflight rats regardless of calcium intake (p > 0.05). Both groups of spaceflight rats increased FOG type fibers in the soleus muscle more than those of the ground control rats. However, the EDL muscle in both the high calcium intake rats had an increased % of FG fibers regardless of flight. These findings suggest that spaceflight induced a slow-to-fast twitch transition in the slow oxidative muscles, while calcium supplementation decreased the number of the FOG fibers and also appeared to affect the glycolytic capacity of the muscle. (Figure)FigureSupported in part by Fund for EXP. Space Utilization U-37.
GaN laser diodes for quantum sensors and optical atomic clocks (2019)

Quantum technologies containing key GaN laser components will enable a new generation of precision sensors, optical atomic clocks and secure communication systems for many applications such as next generation navigation, gravity mapping and timing since the AlGaInN material system allows for laser diodes to be fabricated over a wide range of wavelengths from the u.v. to the visible. We report our latest results on a range of AlGaInN diode-lasers targeted to meet the linewidth, wavelength and power requirements suitable for optical clocks and cold-atom interferometry systems. This includes the [5s<sup>2</sup>S<sub>1/2</sub>-5p<sup>2</sup>P<sub>1/2</sub>] cooling transition in strontium+ ion optical clocks at 422 nm, the [5s<sub>2</sub> <sup>1</sup>S<sub>0</sub>-5p<sup>1</sup>P<sub>1</sub>] cooling transition in neutral strontium clocks at 461 nm and the [5s<sup>2</sup> s<sub>1/2</sub> – 6p<sup>2</sup>P<sub>3/2</sub>] transition in rubidium at 420 nm. Several approaches are taken to achieve the required linewidth, wavelength and power, including an extended cavity laser diode (ECLD) system and an on-chip grating, distributed feedback (DFB) GaN laser diode.
Band-Edge Potentials of n-Type and p-Type GaN (2003)

The band-edge potentials of p-GaN in aqueous solutions were examined with photocurrent measurements, and those of n-GaN were examined with both photocurrent measurements and impedance spectroscopy. The measured band-edge potentials were different for both the different materials and the different measurement techniques. These differences are attributed to differences in the interface charging due to slow charge-transfer kinetics at the interface between the semiconductor and the solution. Using photocurrent measurements, the conduction band-edge potential was V vs. a standard calomel electrode (SCE) for p-GaN and V SCE for n-GaN. Using impedance spectroscopy, the conduction band-edge potential for n-GaN was V SCE. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Specific response to herbivore-induced<i>de novo</i>synthesized plant volatiles provide reliable information for host plant selection in a moth (2013)

Animals depend on reliable sensory information for accurate behavioural decisions. For herbivorous insects it is crucial to find host plants for feeding and reproduction, and these insects must be able to differentiate suitable from unsuitable plants. Volatiles are important cues for insect herbivores to assess host plant quality. It has previously been shown that female moths of the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), avoid oviposition on damaged cotton Gossypium hirsutum, which may mediated by herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs). Among the HIPVs, some volatiles are released following any type of damage while others are synthesized de novo and released by the plants only in response to herbivore damage. In behavioural experiments we here show that oviposition by S. littoralis on undamaged cotton plants was reduced by adding volatiles collected from plants with ongoing herbivory. Gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) recordings revealed that antennae of mated S. littoralis females responded to 18 compounds from a collection of headspace volatiles of damaged cotton plants. Among these compounds, a blend of the seven de novo synthesized volatile compounds was found to reduce oviposition in S. littoralis on undamaged plants under both laboratory and ambient (field) conditions in Egypt. Volatile compounds that are not produced de novo by the plants did not affect oviposition. Our results show that ovipositing females respond specifically to the de novo synthesized volatiles released from plants under herbivore attack. We suggest that these volatiles provide reliable cues for ovipositing females to detect plants that could provide reduced quality food for their offspring and an increased risk of competition and predation.
Detailed Kinetic Analysis and Identification of the Nucleophile in α-l-Arabinofuranosidase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus T-6, a Family 51 Glycoside Hydrolase (2002)

alpha-l-Arabinofuranosidases cleave the l-arabinofuranoside side chains of different hemicelluloses and are key enzymes in the complete degradation of the plant cell wall. The alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus T-6, a family 51 glycoside hydrolase, was subjected to a detailed mechanistic study. Aryl-alpha-l-arabinofuranosides with various leaving groups were synthesized and used to verify the catalytic mechanism and catalytic residues of the enzyme. The steady-state constants and the resulting Brønsted plots for the E175A mutant are consistent with the role of Glu-175 as the acid-base catalytic residue. The proposed nucleophile residue, Glu-294, was replaced to Ala by a double-base pairs substitution. The resulting E294A mutant, with 4-nitrophenyl alpha-l-arabinofuranoside as the substrate, exhibited eight orders of magnitude lower activity and a 10-fold higher K(m) value compared with the wild type enzyme. Sodium azide accelerated by more than 40-fold the rate of the hydrolysis of 2',4',6'-trichlorophenyl alpha-l-arabinofuranoside by the E294A mutant. The glycosyl-azide product formed during this reaction was isolated and characterized as beta-l-arabinofuranosyl-azide by (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, mass spectrometry, and Fourier transform infrared analysis. The anomeric configuration of this product supports the assignment of Glu-294 as the catalytic nucleophile residue of the alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase T-6 and allows for the first time the unequivocal identification of this residue in glycoside hydrolases family 51.
Conducting Polymer Films as EM Substrates (1990)

The developing field of electroactive polymers, when the polymers are manipulated into thin film forms, offers potentially ideal materials for EM substrates. Mechanically, they are strong, flat, thin, and stable in the electron beam. For biological specimens, they are hydrophilic and their chemistry can be adapted to the particular specimen so the attachment can be gentle with no denaturation. They have the excellent electron optical properties of low Z, little grain, good electrical conductivity, and no observable radiation damage in the electron beam. Such films can be made fresh just prior to use to avoid contamination. Up to now, thin C films have been the best EM substrates for direct deposition of biological materials. With high vacuum evaporation of C, 20A thick films with >90% coverage of 4u windows in a holey film can be obtained. However, these films rapidly become hydrophobic by absorbing contaminants from the air and so need something like the wet-film technique or glow discharge to keep them hydrophilic. Even so, there are often hot spots of irreversible attachment of biological molecules causing distortion and even denaturation. Also, C films show a significant phase grain, presumably from C 60 microcrystals.
Scattering from an off-axis inhomogeneity in step-index optical fibers: radiation loss (1980)

An exact analysis using the Green’s function formulation of an arbitrarily oriented off-axis dipole in a three-layer cylindrical dielectric waveguide is carried out. The practical significance of such a formulation is illustrated by its immediate application to the problem of radiation due to scattering from an arbitrarily located discrete inhomogeneity in step-index fibers in which the dominant HE11 mode propagates. For small dielectric differences between the adjacent layers, the analysis yields radiation loss that agrees well with that evaluated from the infinite-medium approximation. However, the spatial distribution of the radiation loss differs markedly from that predicted by the infinite-medium approximation.
II. The genome of<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i> (1998)

The best understood special form of P. carinii, P. carinii formae specialis (f.sp.) carinii, appears to be haploid and contains about 8 million base pairs of DNA (8.5 fg) per nucleus. The genome of P. carinii f.sp. carinii is divided into 13-15 linear chromosomes that range from 300 to 700 kb in size. Eight different P. carinii f.sp. carinii karyotypes have been observed. The karyotypes of P. carinii f.sp. carinii differ due to slight variations in the lengths of chromosomes, but the 8 karyotype-forms of P. carinii f.sp. carinii exhibit very little variation in DNA sequence. By contrast, the genome of P. carinii f.sp. carinii differs markedly in sequence from the genomes of P. carinii from other hosts, such as mouse, ferret and human. In addition, chromosomes and DNA sequences from P. carinii from mouse, ferret, and human also differ greatly from each other. The genome of a ferret P. carinii appears to be up to 1.7 times larger than those of P. carinii from other hosts. Nearly two dozen P. carinii genes have been cloned and sequenced. The typical P. carinii gene sequence is 60-65% A+T. P. carinii genes usually contain introns, which are typically less than 50 bp in length, but can be as numerous as 9 per gene. A system for naming P. carinii genes is proposed in which each gene would be designated by an italic three-letter lower case symbol. The first allele (i.e. sequence) that is found would have a superscript 1, such as xyz1(1). Any subsequent alleles would be designated as xyz1(2), etc. A protein would have the same symbol as the gene that produced it, but written in roman print with the first letter an uppercase, such as Msg1. Some of the P. carinii genome is comprised of DNA sequences that are present dozens of times. Three families of such repeated DNA sequences have been described. Two of these families (MSG and PRT) encode proteins. The third family is the telomere repeat, which is found at the ends of each chromosome, and sometimes at internal chromosomal sites, in which case it has been called the alpha repeat. Determination of the complete sequence of the P. carinii genome is both practicable and of primary importance to the understanding of this organism. The small size of the P. carinii genome and its packaging into chromosomes that are resolvable by PFGE will facilitate sequence analysis.
Escourgeon et Orge d'hiver fourragers (1998)

Les resultats proviennent des essais regionaux du Departement Production Vegetale du Centre de Recherches Agronomiques de Gembloux et des essais implantes a Lonzee par l’Unite de Phytotechnie des regions temperees de la Faculte Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques de Gembloux, le Groupe de Production integree des cereales en Region Wallonne et l’asbl Promotion de l’orge de brasserie (subsidies dans le cadre du CePiCOP par la DGA du Ministere de la Region Wallonne, Direction du developpement et de la vulgarisation).
Generation of Alkyl Hypochlorites in Oxidation of Alcohols with Carbon Tetrachloride Catalyzed by Vanadium and Manganese Compounds. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Equipment for an advanced electron beam lithography system (1987)

Abstract : Equipment has been purchased under this grant to develop and build a research electron beam lithography (EBL) system at Stony Brook for the support of research projects on superconducting electronics. The system is based on an Array scanning electron microscope (SEM) which has been modified to accept a laser interferometer to monitor stage position. High precision nonmagnetic stages have been added, and interface electronics have been designed and built to permit control of the beam position and beam blanking by an external computer. The completed system is designed to write over a four inch wafer with a resolution of 30nm and a positional accuracy of 100nm.
Re-engineering drug discovery and development. (2011)

The rate of new drug approvals in the US has remained essentially constant since 1950, while the costs of drug development have soared. Many commentators question the sustainability of the current model of drug development, in which large pharmaceutical companies incur markedly escalating costs to deliver the same number of products to market. This Issue Brief summarizes the problem, describes ongoing governmental efforts to influence the process, and suggests changes in regulatory science and translational medicine that may promote more successful development of safe and effective therapeutics
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF CHLORINATED BIPHENYLS IN ISO‐OCTANE SOLUTION (1978)

Abstract Die Photolyse der Titelverbindungen (I) zu den Produkten (II) verläuft über einen reaktiven Triplettzustand.
Inactivation of bacterial spores and viruses in biological material using supercritical carbon dioxide with sterilant (2009)

The purpose of this study was to validate supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO(2)) as a terminal sterilization method for biological materials, specifically acellular dermal matrix. In this study, bacterial spores, Bacillus atrophaeus, were inoculated onto porcine acellular dermal matrix to serve as a "worst case" challenge device. The inactivation of the spores by SC-CO(2) with peracetic acid (PAA) sterilant was analyzed as a function of exposure times ranging from 1 to 30 min. A linear inactivation profile for the Bacillus atrophaeus spores was observed, and a SC-CO(2) exposure time of 27 min was determined to achieve a sterility assurance level of 10(-6). The inactivation of viruses was also studied using Encephalomyocarditis (EMC) viruses. After 15 min of exposure to SC-CO(2) with PAA sterilant, more than a 6 log(10) reduction was observed for EMC viruses. Biochemical and biomechanical evaluations showed that the SC-CO(2) treatment with PAA sterilant did not cause significant changes in porcine acellular matrix's susceptibility to collagenase digestion, tensile or tear strength, indicating limited alteration of the tissue structure following SC-CO(2) sterilization.
Development of thermoresponsive co-polymers as medical devices (2000)

TEST 02 - Elsevier's Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Search and access research from the science, technology, medicine, social sciences and arts and humanities fields.
OVIDIUS : An on-line video retrieval platform for multi-terminal access (2010)

International audience
Quantum error correction for continuously detected errors (2003)

We show that quantum feedback control can be used as a quantum-error-correction process for errors induced by a weak continuous measurement. In particular, when the error model is restricted to one, perfectly measured, error channel per physical qubit, quantum feedback can act to perfectly protect a stabilizer codespace. Using the stabilizer formalism we derive an explicit scheme, involving feedback and an additional constant Hamiltonian, to protect an $(n\ensuremath{-}1)$-qubit logical state encoded in n physical qubits. This works for both Poisson (jump) and white-noise (diffusion) measurement processes. Universal quantum computation is also possible in this scheme. As an example, we show that detected-spontaneous emission error correction with a driving Hamiltonian can greatly reduce the amount of redundancy required to protect a state from that which has been previously postulated [e.g., Alber et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 4402 (2001)].
Inversely Graded Scaffold for Osteochondral Tissue Regeneration (2017)

Articular cartilage is an extremely complex and hierarchical tissue whose simplicity acts as its greatest weakness in terms of regeneration. Upon damage, the four major zones of articular cartilage (the superficial, middle, deep and calcified cartilage) are incapable of regenerating properly due to its avascular nature and inactive cell population.\nThrough this work, a unique scaffold system for cartilage-bone interface regeneration has been proposed and developed. It is hypothesized that only through proper regeneration of the cartilage-bone, osteochondral (OC) region, as unit, will the regeneration of intact cartilage and bone tissue occur. The scaffold system developed consists of a biodegradable gradient scaffold that is later combined with a hyaluronan-based hydrogel to develop an inversely graded matrix scaffold. The ability of the hydrogel portion to support robust chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) is shown and later means by which the co-differentiation of both the cartilaginous and bony portions could be supported in vitro was determined. Through the modification of the scaffold to incorporate hydroxyapatite as well as O2 plasma treatment, the scaffold was loaded with osteogenic and chondrogenic growth factors. When these results are applied in vivo, in a rabbit medial femoral condyle defect model, and compared to untreated defects it is concluded that the designed scaffold, containing regions ideal for distal cartilage regeneration as well as proximal bone regeneration seamlessly bound by a gradual transition of the component materials, along with the proper cellular and biochemical cues can in fact support the regeneration of osteochondral-like tissue.
Lockup-free instruction fetch/prefetch cache organization (1998)

In the past decade. there has been much literature describing various cache organizatrons that exploit general programming idiosyncrasies to obtain maxrmum hit rate (the probability that a requested datum is now resident in the cache). Little. if any, has been presented to exploit: (1) the inherent dual input nature of the cache and (2) the many-datum reference type central processor instructions.
Identification of N-methylsaccharin as a peak at the retention time of methylated (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid in human urinary exposure samples (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIdentification of N-methylsaccharin as a peak at the retention time of methylated (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid in human urinary exposure samplesKenneth W. Kirby, Herbert L. Hetzler, Edwin F. Slach, David F. Wiemer, and Michael J. AaronsonCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1982, 30, 6, 1256–1258Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00114a065https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00114a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views46Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Surface High-Energy Laser (2005)

We describe a design strategy for high-power solid-state laser oscillators using local correction of thermally induced optical distortion. This offers a potential for scaling lowest order Gaussian mode solid-state laser oscillators directly to high average power, e.g. >100 kW, while using a relatively simple near confocal ring resonator. The waste heat is necessarily produced in the gain region; however, the design strategy facilitates scaling by allowing the laser oscillator to function as though the waste heat was produced in a surface region external to the gain medium.
Foundational principles for large scale inference: Illustrations through\n correlation mining (2015)

When can reliable inference be drawn in the "Big Data" context? This paper\npresents a framework for answering this fundamental question in the context of\ncorrelation mining, with implications for general large scale inference. In\nlarge scale data applications like genomics, connectomics, and eco-informatics\nthe dataset is often variable-rich but sample-starved: a regime where the\nnumber $n$ of acquired samples (statistical replicates) is far fewer than the\nnumber $p$ of observed variables (genes, neurons, voxels, or chemical\nconstituents). Much of recent work has focused on understanding the\ncomputational complexity of proposed methods for "Big Data." Sample complexity\nhowever has received relatively less attention, especially in the setting when\nthe sample size $n$ is fixed, and the dimension $p$ grows without bound. To\naddress this gap, we develop a unified statistical framework that explicitly\nquantifies the sample complexity of various inferential tasks. Sampling regimes\ncan be divided into several categories: 1) the classical asymptotic regime\nwhere the variable dimension is fixed and the sample size goes to infinity; 2)\nthe mixed asymptotic regime where both variable dimension and sample size go to\ninfinity at comparable rates; 3) the purely high dimensional asymptotic regime\nwhere the variable dimension goes to infinity and the sample size is fixed.\nEach regime has its niche but only the latter regime applies to exa-scale data\ndimension. We illustrate this high dimensional framework for the problem of\ncorrelation mining, where it is the matrix of pairwise and partial correlations\namong the variables that are of interest. We demonstrate various regimes of\ncorrelation mining based on the unifying perspective of high dimensional\nlearning rates and sample complexity for different structured covariance models\nand different inference tasks.\n