gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
QscR-Mediated Transcriptional Activation of Serine Cycle Genes in <i>Methylobacterium extorquens</i> AM1 (2005)

QscR, a LysR-type regulator, is the major regulator of assimilatory C1 metabolism in Methylobacterium extorquens AM1. It has been shown to interact with the promoters of the two operons that encode the majority of the serine cycle enzymes (sga-hpr-mtdA-fch for the qsc1 operon and mtkA-mtkB-ppc-mclA for the qsc2 operon), as well as with the promoter of glyA and its own promoter. To obtain further insights into the mechanisms of this regulation, we mapped transcriptional start sites for the qsc1 and qsc2 operons and for glyA via primer extension analysis. We also identified the specific binding sites for QscR upstream of the qsc1 and qsc2 operons and glyA by DNase I footprinting. The QscR protected areas were located at nucleotides -216 to -165, nucleotides -59 to -26, and nucleotides -72 to -39 within the promoter-regulatory regions upstream of transcriptional starts of, respectively, qsc1, qsc2 and glyA. To examine the nature of the metabolic signal that may influence QscR-mediated regulation of the serine cycle genes, Pqsc1::xylE translational fusions were constructed and expression of XylE monitored in the wild-type strain, as well as in knockout mutants defective in a variety of methylotrophy functions. The data from these experiments pointed toward formyl-H4F being a coinducer of QscR and possibly the major signal in the regulation of the serine cycle in M. extorquens AM1. The ability of formyl-H4F to enhance the binding of QscR to a specific region upstream of one of the serine cycle operons was demonstrated in gel retardation experiments.
Model Description of Contact Angles in Electrowetting on Dielectric Layers (2005)

The electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) technique has considerable potential for microfluidic and biomedical applications. The Lippmann-Young model based on the force balance concept has long been used to predict the contact angles of droplets under electrowetting. However, recent experimental evidence has indicated that this model fails to provide accurate predictions of the lower contact angles associated with saturation conditions at higher electric potentials. Hence, the study simulates the internal flow in an actuated droplet and treats it as stagnation-point flow. This kinetic energy is then taken into consideration while calculating the contact angles using an energy balance model. The energy of an actuated droplet is contributed by the combination of the side surface tension energy, the base tension energy, the dielectric energy, and the kinetic energy when deriving the energy balance model. Consequently, the new energy balance model modifies the Lippmann-Young equation, thereby providing enhanced reasonable predictions of the droplet contact angle across the higher electric potential where the contact angles are close to the saturated condition.
Terahertz generation by difference-frequency mixing of exciton Wannier–Stark ladder states in biased semiconductor superlattices (2004)

We report the generation of terahertz (THz) radiation in a biased semiconductor superlattice by difference-frequency mixing of interband transitions. The Wannier–Stark spectrum of the superlattice was selectively excited by two spectrally narrow laser lines. The emitted THz radiation was measured as a function of the energetic splitting and spectral position of the bichromatic excitation. The generation of tunable THz radiation is verified. The results clearly show enhanced THz emission when either continuum or 1s exciton wave packets are excited. Good agreement is obtained between the experiment and the results of an exciton model of the nonlinear coherent dynamics.
Solid–Liquid Suspensions in Top-Covered Unbaffled Vessels: Influence of Particle Size, Liquid Viscosity, Impeller Size, and Clearance (2014)

Particle suspension in liquids is a unit operation commonly encountered in the process industry. Although it is usually carried out in baffled stirred tanks, there are some specific applications where the presence of baffles may be undesirable. In the present work solid–liquid suspensions are investigated in a radially stirred unbaffled tank provided with a top cover. The minimum impeller speed at which all solid particles get suspended (Njs) and the relevant power requirements (Pjs) are assessed. The dependence of these two parameters on physical properties (liquid viscosity, particle concentration, and size) and system geometrical configurations (impeller diameter and clearance) is investigated, and a correlation for the Njs estimation is proposed. Results mark some notable differences with respect to baffled tanks: Njs appears to be almost independent of particle diameter, a feature that may suggest the adoption of unbaffled tanks when large heavy particles are to be dealt with. Also, Njs was found to decrease as liquid viscosity increases, once again marking a favorable discrepancy with respect to baffled vessels. As concerns the system geometrical configuration, a tank stirred by a D = T/3 six-bladed Rushton turbine offset by T/3 from the tank bottom is found to be the most convenient configuration among those investigated in this work. Present results are finally compared with literature information on solids suspension in baffled or unsteadily agitated unbaffled systems. In both cases, top-covered unbaffled stirred vessels are found to be a convenient choice, provided that mixing times are not a controlling factor.
A DNA-Protein Complex Involved in Bacteriophage ϕX174 Particle Formation (1974)

A varphiX-specific DNA-protein complex has been isolated from varphiX-infected cells. This complex contains infective circular single-stranded DNA, the proteins of the genes F, G, H, and J in the same proportions as in the phage particle, and, in addition, the gene D-protein. The D-protein makes up 12-22% of the protein part of the complex. The sedimentation value of the complex is about 140 S. In vitro, the complex can be converted to the normal 114S phage particle (with a concomitant loss of its D-protein) or to an uninfective 70S particle and a small amount of free single-stranded DNA. The fast sedimenting particle is not associated with membranes.
Impaired sodium excretion and increased blood pressure in mice with targeted deletion of renal epithelial insulin receptor (2008)

Renal tubule epithelial cells express the insulin receptor (IR); however, their value has not been firmly established. We generated mice with renal epithelial cell-specific knockout of the IR by Cre-recombinase-loxP recombination using a kidney-specific (Ksp) cadherin promoter. KO mice expressed significantly lower levels of IR mRNA and protein in kidney cortex (49-56% of the WT) and medulla (32-47%) homogenates. Immunofluorescence showed the greatest relative reduction in the thick ascending limb and collecting duct cell types. Body weight, kidney weight, and food and water intakes were not different from WT littermates. However, KO mice had significantly increased basal systolic blood pressure (BP, 15 mm Hg higher) as measured by radiotelemetry. In response to a volume load by gavage (20 ml/kg of body weight, 0.9% NaCl, 15% dextrose), KO mice had impaired natriuresis (37 +/- 10 versus 99 +/- 9 mmol of Na(+) per 2 h in WT). Furthermore, volume load led to a sustained increase in BP in KO mice only. In contrast, insulin administration i.p. (0.5 units/kg of body weight) resulted in a significant fall in BP in WT, but not in KO mice. To test the role of reduced renal nitric oxide (NO) production in these responses, basal urinary nitrates plus nitrites excretion (UNOx) was measured and found to be 61% lower in KO vs. WT mice. Furthermore, acute insulin increased UNOx by 202% in the WT, relative to a significantly blunted rise (67%) in KO animals. These results illuminate a previously uncharacterized role for renal IR to reduce BP and facilitate sodium and water excretion, possibly via NO production.
Compatibilizing effect of polyarylate‐polystyrene block copolymer in polyarylate/polystyrene blends (1994)

Abstract The compatibilizing effect of polyarylate‐polystyrene (PAR‐PS) block copolymer prepared from macroazo initiator was examined in polyarylate/polystyrene blends from the view‐points of morphology, density, and thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties. PARPS block copolymer enhanced the mutual dissolution of the homopolymers. Reduced dispersed‐domain size and increased density showed the efficiency of the block copolymer as a compatibilizing agent. Results from mechanical and rheological properties could also be explained by the compatibilizing effect of PAR‐PS block copolymer in the blends. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Oral Carbapenems with 1‐Methyl‐5‐oxopyrrolidin‐3‐ylthio Moiety. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Perkutane Radiofrequenzablation von Lebermetastasen: Erfahrungen mit der LeVeen-Elektrode (2005)

Ziele: Untersuchung der Wertigkeit der Radiofrequenzablation (RFA) von Lebermetastasen mit der monopolaren LeVeen Elektrode. Methode: Bei 43 Patienten (17 Männer, Durchschnittsalter 61,4±16,9 Jahre) mit Lebermetastasen colorektaler Karzinome (n=30) oder von Mammakarzinomen (n=13) erfolgte eine CT-gesteuerte perkutane RFA mit einer 7F-LeVeen-Elektrode (Schirmdurchmesser 2–4cm) und einem 200 W Generator. Bei den Patienten wurden jeweils durchschnittlich 1,9 (1–5) Metastasen mit 1,5 (1–4) perkutanen Interventionen behandelt. Das Überleben wurde mittels Kaplan-Meier Kurven bestimmt. Ergebnis: Bei allen Patienten konnte die RFA technisch erfolgreich durchgeführt werden. Bei 2 Patienten traten therapiepflichtige Komplikationen auf – Hämatom (n=1), Colonfistel (n=1). Die durchschnittliche Hospitalisationsdauer betrug 2 Tage. Die Tumorgröße reichte von 2,5 bis 7cm. Bei einer Follow-Up-Dauer von 1–50 Monaten lag das mittlere Überleben bei insgesamt 30 Monaten. In der Subgruppe mit Metastasen colo-rektaler Karzinome betrug die mittlere Überlebensdauer 31 Monate während sie bei Lebermetastasen von Mammakarzinomen 26 Monate betrug. Schlussfolgerung: Die perkutane RFA von Lebermetastasen mit der monopolaren Le-Veen Sonde ist eine sichere und effektive Therapieoption. Nach Ausschöpfen der etablierten onkologischen Therapieverfahren kann die perkutane RFA eine wertvolle Alternative sein.
Effects of MnS on the Heterogeneous Nucleation of Cu Precipitates in Fe-10 and -5mass% Cu Alloys (2003)

Copper in steel has been thought harmful because of the hot shortness at grain boundaries, but Cu precipitates finely distributed inside of each grain increase the strength. If the problem of hot shortness is solved, scrap recycling will become much easier and even Cu can be used as an important alloying element. It is therefore most important to investigate the behavior of Cu precipitation in Fe-Cu alloys at high temperatures. In this study, in-situ observation of the Cu precipitation on cooling in Fe-10mass%Cu and Fe-5mass%Cu alloys was made using a confocal scanning laser microscope. The precipitates were analyzed by SEM-EDX after in-situ observation experiments.As a result the effect of MnS inclusion on the heterogeneous nucleation of Cu precipitate was made clear. In Fe-10 mass%Cu alloy containing MnS inclusions, the starting temperature of Cu precipitation became higher and its distribution became more uniform than the same alloy without MnS inclusions. In case of Fe-5mass%Cu alloy containing MnS inclusions, some of Cu precipitates appeared in γ phase before the γ/α phase transformation. In case of the same alloy without MnS inclusions, many fine Cu precipitates appeared in α phase after the γ/α phase transformation. The complex precipitate of MnS and Cu was also found indicating that Cu precipitated at MnS inclusion. The reason for these facts was explained by the heterogeneous nucleation theory. The undercooling for the Cu precipitation was estimated to be smaller in the alloy with MnS inclusions than in another case. Based on these results, if the nucleation sites such as MnS inclusions are finely distributed beforehand, the heterogeneous nucleation of Cu precipitates will be accelerated and its distribution will be made very fine.
A Framework for Collaborative Design Optimization in Distributed Environments (2003)

As products become progressively more complex, the design of their mechanical systems requires knowledge of an increasingly large number of design disciplines. The design and manufacture of such high performance and high quality products has made it necessary to partition the mechanical design problem into multiple components and distribute design tasks across multiple disciplines that also support concurrent optimization. To provide a globally optimal design requires effective information exchange between the design section that are responsible for each component. Therefore this paper proposes a collaborative design optimization method for distributed environments, where each section's optimization process maintains its autonomy while enabling the constructive exchange of design solutions between sections that ultimately leads to an optimal design. Several information exchange schemes are proposed and applied to the design optimization problem for a platform type of Space Station. A comparison of information exchange schemes is followed by discussion of the effectiveness of various design environments.
Complications of long-term central venous lines and chemotherapy extravasation (2010)

Extract Complications of long-term central venous lines Cancer patients commonly require intravenous therapy over a period of many months. This may be in the form of regular infusions in hospital or as a continuous portable infusion at home. Vascular access may be difficult in this group of patients due to either their primary diagnosis or complications of their treatment, e.g. lymphoedema, previous radiotherapy, etc. An alternative to frequent (and often painful) peripheral cannulation is insertion of a long-term venous catheter terminating in the proximal superior vena cava (SVC). This is most commonly a tunnelled catheter (e.g. Hickman, Groshong) passing via the subclavian vein and exiting the skin at the chest wall, with a Dacron ‘cuff?’ to secure it just inside the exit site. Alternatives include a totally implantable device, also tunnelled beneath the chest skin but with a subcutaneous infusion reservoir accessed by needle puncture (e.g. Port-a-cath) or a peripherally inserted central...
DIFFERENTIAL RADIATION INJURY OF PARENT SETS OF CHROMOSOMES (1965)

We introduced a PET/CT-based novel morphologic and metabolic pipeline for response evaluation in locally advanced PA. The fused <i>M</i> <sub>dist</sub>∣<sub>Fusion</sub> outperformed traditional morphologic, metabolic, and physiological measurements in OS prediction and risk stratification. The novel fusion model may serve as a new imaging-marker to more accurately characterize the heterogeneous tumor RT response.
Functional colocalization of ribozymes and target mRNAs in <i>Drosophila</i> oocytes (2001)

The effectiveness of catalytic RNAs (ribozymes) should be increased when they are colocalized to the same intracellular compartment as their RNA targets. We colocalized ribozymes with their mRNA targets in an animal model by using the discrete RNA localization signals present in the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of Drosophila bicoid and oskar mRNAs. These signals have been fused to a lacZ mRNA target and hammerhead ribozymes targeted against lacZ. Ribozyme efficacy was first assessed by an oligodeoxyribonucleotide-based assay to identify the most accessible sites for ribozyme interaction on native lacZ transcripts in ovary extracts. The most accessible sequence was used for the design and in vivo testing of a hammerhead ribozyme. When the ribozyme and target with synonymous 3' UTRs were expressed in the same ovaries, colocalization could be indirectly demonstrated by in situ hybridization. Colocalized ribozyme and target mRNAs resulted in a two- to threefold enhancement of ribozyme function compared with noncolocalized transcripts. This study provides the first demonstration of functional ribozyme target colocalization in an animal model.
Mode Interplay via Quadratic Cascading in a Lithium Niobate Channel Waveguide (1996)

Several guided-wave devices based on quadratic cascading [1-2] have been proposed,[3-8] and a few of them recently demonstrated in Lithium Niobate (LN).[9-10] In this Communication, we numerically investigate the nonlinear (NL) response of a waveguide, where the two dominant modes at 1.55μm spatially interfere at the output due to the cascading process via SHG.
DMD-based multi-target laser tracking for motion capturing (2010)

The two approaches presented in this paper consist of splitting the tracking action into two sub-systems. The decoupling of local scanning and global scanning functions is an alternative solution to the use of fast-steering, power-consuming galvanometric scanner. Applications targeted are multi-object tracking and 3D perception in safe condition. This paper presents more specifically an approach based on a Risley prism configuration steering a laser pattern dynamically shaped by a DMD allowing a good compromise for the refresh rate and the precision.
Mutations in the precursor region of a Bacillus subtilis sporulation sigma factor (1992)

Transcription from some sporulation-specific promoters of Bacillus subtilis is dependent on synthesis of pro-sigma E and its conversion to sigma E by proteolysis. Certain mutations in the precursor region of sigE, the gene encoding pro-sigma E, apparently allow the mutant sigE products to be active as sigma factors without being proteolysed in the normal way.
Purification of the Renaturable Protein Kinase PK55 by Preparative Isoelectric Focusing and High Performance Electrophoretic Chromatography and the Generation of PK55 Monoclonal Antibodies by <i>In Vitro</i> B Cell Stimulation (1997)

The analysis of T-cell activation and- proliferation previously identified a renaturable protein kinase activity of 55-60 kDa (PK55) that was associated with growth arrest in T cells and other differentiated immune cell types. For further studies of this protein a rapid purification procedure was developed using preparative isoelectric focusing (IEF) and High Performance Electrophoretic Chromatography (HPEC). Near homogeneous purification of PK55 was attained using this two-step approach. Purified PK55 was used for the production of monoclonal antibodies via in vitro antigen presentation to murine splenocytes. The result of this approach yielded a single hybridoma (3B1) with high reactivity toward PK55 by ELISA. Monoclonal antibody 3B1 recognized denatured PK55 on ELISA as well as immunoblot but failed to react with the native protein. Analysis of 3B1 immunoblots of untreated or 72-h PHA-cultured T cells shows reactivity with a single 55-60 kDa (PK55) protein in untreated cells and additional reactivity to a 45 kDa protein as well as PK55 in PHA treated cells. Further analysis using monoclonal 3B1 reveals that PK55 activity is regulated by a mechanism that is distinct from changes in PK55 expression.
Evaluation of the virulence of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae lipooligosaccharide htrB and rfaD mutants in the chinchilla model of otitis media (1997)

Considerable evidence has implicated nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) lipooligosaccharide (LOS) in the pathogenesis of otitis media (OM); however, its exact role has not been conclusively established. Recently, two NTHi LOS-deficient mutants have been created and described. Strain 2019-DK1, an rfaD gene mutant, expresses a truncated LOS consisting of only three deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid residues, a single heptose, and lipid A. Strain 2019-B29, an isogenic htrB mutant, possesses an altered oligosaccharide core and an altered lipid A. Each strain's ability to colonize the nasopharynx and to induce OM subsequent to transbullar inoculation was evaluated in the chinchilla model. Nasopharyngeal colonization data indicate that the parent strain and both mutants are able to colonize the nasopharynx and exhibit comparable clearance kinetics. Compared with the parent and each other, however, the mutants demonstrated marked differences in virulence regarding their relative abilities to induce OM and persist in the middle ear post-transbullar inoculation. Strain B29 required a 3-log-greater dose to induce OM than the parent strain and did not exhibit evidence of sustained multiplication but persisted for the same duration as the parent. Conversely, strain-DK1, even when inoculated at a dose 4 logs greater than the parent dose, was eliminated from the middle ear 72 h after challenge. A comparison of the relative pathogenicities of these isolates provides the opportunity to address fundamental questions regarding the contribution of LOS to pathogenesis issues at the molecular level. Specifically, the impact of these LOS gene disruptions on OM pathogenesis can be defined and may thus provide potential new targets for future protection and intervention strategies.
Geologic map of the Big Delta B-2 quadrangle, east-central Alaska (2003)

New 1:63,360-scale geologic mapping of the Big Delta B-2 quadrangle provides important data on the structural setting and age of geologic units, as well as on the timing of gold mineralization plutonism within the Yukon-Tanana Upland of east-central Alaska. Gold exploration has remained active throughout the region in response to the discovery of the Pogo gold deposit, which lies within the northwestern part of the quadrangle near the south bank of the Goodpaster River. Geologic mapping and associated geochronological and geochemical studies by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division of Mining and Water Management, provide baseline data to help understand the regional geologic framework. Teck Cominco Limited geologists have provided the geologic mapping for the area that overlies the Pogo gold deposit as well as logistical support, which has lead to a much improved and informative product. The Yukon-Tanana Upland lies within the Tintina province in Alaska and consists of Paleozoic and possibly older(?) supracrustal rocks intruded by Paleozoic (Devonian to Mississippian) and Cretaceous plutons. The oldest rocks in the Big Delta B-2 quadrangle are Paleozoic gneisses of both plutonic and sedimentary origin. Paleozoic deformation, potentially associated with plutonism, was obscured by intense Mesozoic deformation and metamorphism. At least some of the rocks in the quadrangle underwent tectonism during the Middle Jurassic (about 188 Ma), and were subsequently deformed in an Early Cretaceous contractional event between about 130 and 116 Ma. New U-Pb SHRIMP data presented here on zircons from the Paleozoic biotite gneisses record inherited cores that range from 363 Ma to about 2,130 Ma and have rims of euhedral Early Cretaceous metamorphic overgrowths (116 +/- 4 Ma), interpreted to record recrystallization during Cretaceous west-northwest-directed thrusting and folding. U-Pb SHRIMP dating of monazite from a Paleozoic gneiss sample yields an age of 112 +/- 2 Ma; the monazite presumably grew during the waning stages of the intense regional Cretaceous ductile deformation. The Cretaceous ductile deformation was followed closely by granite plutonism and gold mineralization. The main pulse of gold mineralization is temporally and spatially associated with the Cretaceous granitic dikes and plutons and occurred during regional uplift and extension.