gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imaging mass spectrometry with silver naeoparticles reveals the distribution of fatty acids in mouse retinal sections (2010)

A new approach to the visualization of fatty acids in mouse liver and retinal samples has been developed using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in nanoparticle-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (nano-PALDI-IMS) in negative ion mode. So far, IMS analysis has concentrated on main cell components, such as cell membrane phospholipids and cytoskeletal peptides. AgNPs modified with alkylcarboxylate and alkylamine were used for nano-PALDI-IMS to identify fatty acids, such as stearic, oleic, linoleic, arachidonic, and eicosapentaenoic acids, as well as palmitic acid, in mouse liver sections; these fatty acids are not detected using 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) as a matrix. The limit of detection for the determination of palmitic acid was 50 pmol using nano-PALDI-IMS. The nano-PALDI-IMS method is successfully applied to the reconstruction of the ion images of fatty acids in mouse liver sections. We verified the detection of fatty acids in liver tissue sections of mice by analyzing standard lipid samples, which showed that fatty acids were from free fatty acids and dissociated fatty acids from lipids when irradiated with a laser. Additionally, we applied the proposed method to the identification of fatty acids in mouse retinal tissue sections, which enabled us to learn the six-zonal distribution of fatty acids in different layers of the retina. We believe that the current approach using AgNPs in nano-PALDI-IMS could lead to a new strategy to analyze basic biological mechanisms and several diseases through the distribution of fatty acids.
Fuzzy and parametric method for self-configuration configuration of home energy manager system (2012)

This document presents the work done in the ReactivHome project for the development of algorithms for automatic identification of electrical equipment and their parameters by using the electricity consumption signal. Several employees of the CEA-INES were asked to perform measurements on their own electrical appliances. The library of measure will be used as reference for identification phase. Several indicators will be determined by expert as cycle, duration, power consumption. In this phase, the fuzzy logic is used for applying these indicators calculated on the electrical measurements. In order to build a simple power consumption of household appliance, a parametric modelling is used. This identification mechanism was integrated in ReactivHome system and functionally.
Host-pathogen interactions in plants. Plants, when exposed to oligosaccharides of fungal origin, defend themselves by accumulating antibiotics. (1978)

The ability to synthesize phytoalexins is a mechanism by which plants are able to stop the growth of microorganisms which have not become pathogenic on the phytoalexin-producing plant. Although not sufficient for its complete resistence to pathogens, an ability to synthesize phytoalexins is likely to be one essential criterion for a plant to be resistant to pathogens. Plants recognize the presence of many nonpathogenic fungi by recognizing a structural component of the mycelial walls of the fungi. Other microorganisms do not have structural glucans in their walls. There is, likely, some other components of bacteria, for instance, which act as elicitors in plants since it is known that they do elicit phytoalexin production in plants. The authors are attempting to identify a bacterial elicitor. It is known that the soybean pathogen Phytophthora magasperma is an oligosaccharide composed only of glucose. This is of general biological interest since it shows that oligosaccharides can act as regulatory molecules.
The detection of myocardial ischemia in end-stage renal disease. (2007)

The outcome of acute coronary syndromes is usually poor in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and the early detection of myocardial ischemia is therefore essential in this group. However, the diagnosis of ischemina is often problematic in patients with ESRD, as cardiac symptoms and electrocardiography are not reliable predictors in this context. Silent ischemia is common and resting ECG is often abnormal in patients with ESRD. Therefore, alternatives to these predictors have been sought, and this review explores the role of myocardial perfusion imaging, dobutamine stress echocardiography and biochemical markers for use in the diagnosis of ischemia and risk stratification in patients with ESRD.
Dielectric functions of bulk 4H and 6H SiC and spectroscopic ellipsometry studies of thin SiC films on Si (1999)

Spectroscopic rotating-analyzer ellipsometry employing a compensator and optical transmission were used to measure the dielectric functions of bulk 4H and 6H SiC from 0.72 to 6.6 eV for light propagating nearly parallel to the hexagonal axis. The measurements below the band gap show the presence of a thin surface layer, which was modeled as SiO2. The data are similar to results for cubic (3C) and 6H SiC from the literature, but differences are notable, particularly above 4 eV. At 5.56 eV, we observe a critical point in 4H SiC, which is assigned to direct interband transitions along the U=M−L axis in the hexagonal Brillouin zone after comparison with band structure calculations. No evidence for direct transitions below 6.5 eV was found in 6H SiC. We apply our results to the analysis of a 4H SiC film on insulator (SiCOI) produced by high-dose hydrogen implantation and direct wafer bonding on Si. For comparison, we also studied a 1 μm thick epitaxial layer of 3C SiC on Si, where the interference oscillations are influenced by surface and interface roughness.
Bioactivation of Fluorinated 2-Aryl-benzothiazole Antitumor Molecules by Human Cytochrome P450s 1A1 and 2W1 and Deactivation by Cytochrome P450 2S1 (2012)

Both 2-(4-amino-3-methylphenyl)-5-fluorobenzothiazole (5F 203) and 5-fluoro-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-benzothiazole (GW 610) contain the benzothiazole pharmacophore and possess potent and selective in vitro antitumor properties. Prior studies suggested the involvement of cytochrome P450 (P450) 1A1 and 2W1-mediated bioactivation in the antitumor activities and P450 2S1-mediated deactivation of 5F 203 and GW 610. In the present study, the biotransformation pathways of 5F 203 and GW 610 by P450s 1A1, 2W1, and 2S1 were investigated, and the catalytic parameters of P450 1A1- and 2W1-catalyzed oxidation were determined in steady-state kinetic studies. The oxidations of 5F 203 catalyzed by P450s 1A1 and 2W1 yielded different products, and the formation of a hydroxylamine was observed for the first time in the latter process. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis with the synthetic hydroxylamine and also a P450 2W1/5F 203 incubation mixture indicated the formation of dGuo adduct via a putative nitrenium intermediate. P450 2W1-catalyzed oxidation of GW 610 was 5-fold more efficient than the P450 1A1-catalyzed reaction. GW 610 underwent a two-step oxidation process catalyzed by P450 1A1 or 2W1: a regiospecific O-demethylation and a further hydroxylation. Glutathione (GSH) conjugates of 5F 203 and GW 610, presumably through a quninoneimine and a 1,2-quinone intermediate, respectively, were detected. These results demonstrate that human P450s 1A1 and 2W1 mediate 5F 203 and GW 610 bioactivation to reactive intermediates and lead to GSH conjugates and a dGuo adduct, which may account for the antitumor activities of 5F 203 and GW 610 and also be involved in cell toxicity. P450 2S1 can catalyze the reduction of the hydroxylamine to the amine 5F 203 under anaerobic conditions and, to a lesser extent, under aerobic conditions, thus attenuating the anticancer activity.
Contributions of Pneumolysin, Pneumococcal Surface Protein A (PspA), and PspC to Pathogenicity of<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>D39 in a Mouse Model (2007)

Successful colonization of the upper respiratory tract by Streptococcus pneumoniae is an essential first step in the pathogenesis of pneumococcal disease. However, the bacterial and host factors that provoke the progression from asymptomatic colonization to invasive disease are yet to be fully defined. In this study, we investigated the effects of single and combined mutations in genes encoding pneumolysin (Ply), pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA), and pneumococcal surface protein C (PspC, also known as choline-binding protein A) on the pathogenicity of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 2 (D39) in mice. Following intranasal challenge with D39, stable colonization of the nasopharynx was maintained over a 7-day period at a level of approximately 10(5) bacteria per mouse. The abilities of the mutant deficient in PspA to colonize the nasopharynx and to cause lung infection and bacteremia were significantly reduced. Likewise, the PspC mutant and, to a lesser extent, the Ply mutant also had reduced abilities to colonize the nasopharynx. As expected, the double mutants colonized less well than the parent to various degrees and had difficulty translocating to the lungs and blood. A significant additive attenuation was observed for the double and triple mutants in pneumonia and systemic disease models. Surprisingly, the colonization profile of the derivative lacking all three proteins was similar to that of the wild type, indicating virulence gene compensation. These findings further demonstrate that the mechanism of pneumococcal pathogenesis is highly complex and multifactorial but ascribes a role for each of these virulence proteins, alone or in combination, in the process.
An Electron Microscopic Study of the Liver Parenchyma and Schistosome Pigment in Murine Hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis Mansoni (1967)

"An Electron Microscopic Study of the Liver Parenchyma and Schistosome Pigment in Murine Hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis Mansoni" published on Jul 1967 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
Adaptive Lambda Least-Squares Temporal Difference Learning (2016)

Temporal Difference learning or TD($λ$) is a fundamental algorithm in the field of reinforcement learning. However, setting TD's $λ$ parameter, which controls the timescale of TD updates, is generally left up to the practitioner. We formalize the $λ$ selection problem as a bias-variance trade-off where the solution is the value of $λ$ that leads to the smallest Mean Squared Value Error (MSVE). To solve this trade-off we suggest applying Leave-One-Trajectory-Out Cross-Validation (LOTO-CV) to search the space of $λ$ values. Unfortunately, this approach is too computationally expensive for most practical applications. For Least Squares TD (LSTD) we show that LOTO-CV can be implemented efficiently to automatically tune $λ$ and apply function optimization methods to efficiently search the space of $λ$ values. The resulting algorithm, ALLSTD, is parameter free and our experiments demonstrate that ALLSTD is significantly computationally faster than the naïve LOTO-CV implementation while achieving similar performance.
Novel rearrangement of 1,4-ylidic thiaanthracenes (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel rearrangement of 1,4-ylidic thiaanthracenesSachio Ohno, Hiroshi Shimizu, Tadashi Kataoka, and Mikio HoriCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 13, 2472–2478Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00187a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00187a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views293Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Phosphorus-Containing Hybrid Calixphyrins:  Promising Mixed-Donor Ligands for Visible and Efficient Palladium Catalysts (2006)

Phosphorus-sulfur-containing hybrid calixphyrins were prepared by the BF3-promoted dehydrative condensation between sigma4-2,5-bis[(pyrrol-2-yl)methyl]phosphole and 2,5-bis[hydroxy(phenyl)methyl]thiophene. X-ray crystallographic analysis of the Pd-P,N2,S-hybrid calixphyrin complex revealed that the Pd center was coordinated by the four heteroatoms to adopt a distorted square planar geometry. The Pd complex, displaying a characteristic reddish purple color in solution, catalyzed the Heck reaction of bromoarenes with n-butyl acrylate with high efficiency at elevated temperatures.
An Epidemic of Leeches on Fishes in Rock River (1927)

In the course of field work in aquatic biology on Rock River it was noticed in the winter of 1925-1926 that almost every red-mouth buffalo (Ictiobus cyprinella Cuv. & Val.) was heavily infested withthe leech, Piscicola punctata Verrill.
Cavitation in Co-Rotating Tip Vortices (2019)

Abstract This work documents flow characterization and cavitation inception of a co-rotating vortex pair shed from a single fin with a rounded tip at zero angle of attack. The fin was outfitted with a removable tip fabricated using a rapid prototype method. The co-rotating vortices result from surface discontinuities on the removable tip, near a hard wax fairing used to cover the tip attachment bolt. The vortices are shed at different locations along the chord. Flow visualization by oil paint and developed cavitation, and SPIV of the near-wake, indicate that a strong vortex is shed at the trailing edge, while a weaker vortex is shed at 82% chord. Horizontal wandering of the vortices is uncorrelated. Vertical wandering of the vortices is characterized by opposing oscillations about their mutual center. Acoustic cavitation inception in the water tunnel environment is discerned at an index 13% greater than visual detection of cavitation, and occurs within one chord of the trailing edge. The influence of the co-rotating vortex system on cavitation inception must be determined from comparison with measurements of a solitary vortex generated by analogous geometry.
Domains in single crystals of poly-4-methyl-pentene-1 (1987)

Polymer single crystals are generally considered to be structurally homogeneous. In this paper it is shown that in a given single crystal of poly-4-methyl-pentene-1 (P4MP1) there exist narrowly delimited domains that give rise to different electron diffraction (ED) patterns. The shape and location of these domains is characterized by diffraction contrast imaging in the dark field (DF) mode. Monolayer single crystals of P4MP1 polymorphs I and III were prepared in dilute solution (concentration ranging from 0.01 to 0.05%). Form I was obtained by slow cooling of a hexadecane solution whereas form III was prepared by isothermal crystallisation in xylene at 60°C. Crystals were deposited on carbon coated grids and observed with a Philips EM 400 T electron microscope operated at 120 kV. The crystals are very radiation sensitive and the total end point dose, measured by the fading of the ED pattern is 27 C m -2 .
Simulation of Remodelling in Vascular Scaffolds Using Agent Based Models (2010)

Houman Zahedmanesh, Caitriona Lallytriona.lally@dcu.ieDepartment of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin, IrelandIntroductionAgent based modelling is a robust method thatcan elucidate the interaction of individual eventsat the cellular level which combine to producethe complex responses at the tissue level.Remodelling of vascular tissue engineeringscaffolds is driven by a complex cascade ofchemical, mechanical and biological events atcellular level. The aim of this study was todevelop a numerical modelling approach usingagent based models which could provide insightsinto the remodelling process in vascular tissueengineered scaffolds.Materials and MethodsA mechanobiological model was developed bycoupling a finite element model of an artery-scaffold end-to-end anastomosis to an agentbased model which controls the behaviour of keycell populations in vascular remodelling, i.e.vascular smooth muscle cells (V SMCs) andendothelial cells (ECs). The model wasinitialised with VSMCs lining the lumen of thescaffold and the VSMCs could also migrate fromthe adjacent artery. The value of cyclic stretchthat the cells were exposed to due to an appliedluminal pressure was calculated using the finiteelement model and was used to regulate cellularactivities such as proliferation, extracellularmatrix (ECM) synthesis and cytokine expressionby the cells. VSMCs and ECs could move in arandom walk manner throughout the scaffoldand were biased towards higher concentrationsof platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) tomodel cellular chemotactic migration. VSMCssynthesised ECM, PDGF and transforminggrowth factor (T GF-β) with their expressionupregulated by increases in cyclic stretch. ECsexpressed PDGF, TGF-β, and Nitric Oxide(NO), with PDGF expression also upregulatedby increases in cyclic stretch [1-3]. Theproliferation rate of VSMCs was defined as afunction of the local concentration of growthfactors, NO, nutrients and the value of cyclicstretch. While PDGF and nutrients increasedVSMC proliferation rate, NO, TGF-β andincreasing cyclic stretch all had an anti-proliferative effect [1,2,4]. In addition, TGF-βprohibited PDGF driven chemotactic migration[4].ResultsThe mechanobiological model predicted ECMsynthesis by VSMCs in the scaffold and also theluminal ingrowth of VSMCs leading to thedevelopment of intimal hyperplasia. The highestluminal ingrowth and ECM synthesis occurred atthe anastomotic site due to migration of VSMCsfrom the adjacent artery, see Fig 1.Fig. 1. ECM synthesis following 12 weeks ofexposure to pulsatile pressure (120/80 mmHg).Discussion and ConclusionsCombining agent based and finite elementmodels as a novel mechanobiological modellingapproach shows significant potential for vasculartissue engineering applications.References1. Kona S, Chellamuthu P. (2009) The OpenBiomed J. 3, 28.2. Pierce SM, Van Gieson EJ. (2004) TheFASEB J. 18, 731.
Stimulus Selection for Intranasal Sensory Isolation: Eugenol Is an Irritant (2012)

Both the olfactory and the trigeminal systems are able to respond to intranasal presentations of chemical vapor. Accordingly, when the nose detects a volatile chemical, it is often unclear whether we smell it, feel it, or both. The distinction may often be unimportant in our everyday perception of fragrances or aromas, but it can matter in experiments that purport to isolate olfactory processes or study the interaction between olfaction and chemesthesis. Researchers turn to a small pool of compounds that are believed to be "pure olfactory" stimuli with little or no trigeminal impact. The current report reexamines one such commonly used compound, namely eugenol, a flavor and fragrance ingredient that has anesthetic properties under some conditions. Using a standard method involving many trials during an experimental session (Experiment 1), subjects were unable to reliably lateralize eugenol, consistent with claims that this compound is detected primarily through olfaction. However, with more limited exposure (Experiments 2 and 3), subjects were able to lateralize eugenol. We speculate that anesthetic properties of eugenol could blunt its trigeminal impact in some paradigms. Regardless, the current experiments suggest that eugenol can in fact stimulate the trigeminal nerve but in a complex concentration-dependent manner. Implications and strategies for selection of model odorants are discussed.
Asymmetric oxidation of phenols. Atropisomerism and optical activity (1978)

In dit proefschrift worden stereochemische aspecten van oxidatieve en reductieve koppelingsreacties behandeld. Centraal hierbij staat het onderzoek naar de mogelijkheden om asymmetrische inductie in de fenolkoppelingsreactie te bewerkstelligen.<br/>In verschillende biologische processen nemen oxidatieve koppelingsreacties van fenolische verbindingen een belangrijke plaats in.<br/>Zo worden oxidaties van fenolen beschouwd als de basis voor de biosynthese van een diversiteit aan natuurstoffen, oa, alkaloiden, antibiotica en pigmenten, terwijl ze ook een belangrijke rol spelen bij het houtvormingsproces. <br/>Een groot deel van de natuurlijke fenoloxidaties, gekatalyseerd door enzymen, leidt tot slechts één van de mogelijke stereoisomeren. Deze producten worden in de natuur dan in optisch-actieve vorm aangetroffen.
Cover Picture: Eur. J. Org. Chem. 18/2002 (2002)

The cover picture shows the effect of the bacterium Pseudomonas cichorii on lettuce (brownish spots). Pseudomonas cichorii is a Gram-negative bacterium which on lettuce causes a disease known as “varnish spot”. The disease is characterised by large necrotic brown-blackish areas that occur on the blades and petioles of leaves. Overimposed is the peculiar lipid A structure of the lipopolysaccharide from P. cichorii. Lipid A constitutes the endotoxic principle expressing all the pathophysiological effects known to be induced by lipopolysaccharide molecule. Details are discussed in the article by A. Molinaro on p. 3119 ff.
A Small Ship Running Test with Laser Propulsion. (1992)

A fundamental test of running a very small wooden ship model with laser propulsion was performed. The pulsed Nd·YAG laser beam (λ=532nm) through a lens placed on a ship was focused to cause a laser-gas breakdown above it. The blast wave of hot air involving a shock wave and gas expansion by a plasma was used for propellant. Experimental results of the thrust and the efficiency of laser energy converted to propulsion force were F=4.0 [dyn] and η=7.4×10-5[%], respectively.
Simultaneous recognition of distant talking speech of multiple sound sources based on 3-D N-best search algorithm (2005)

This paper deals with the simultaneous recognition of distant-talking speech of multiple talkers using the 3D N-best search algorithm. We describe the basic idea of the 3D N-best search and we address two additional techniques implemented into the baseline system. Namely, a path distance-based clustering and a likelihood normalization technique appeared to be necessary in order to build an efficient system for our purpose. In previous works we introduced the results of experiments carried out on simulated data. In this paper we introduce the results of the experiments carried out using reverberated data. The reverberated data are those simulated by the image method and recorded in a real room. The image method was used to find out the accuracy-reverberation time relationship, and the real data was used to evaluate the real performance of our algorithm. The obtained Top 3 results of the simultaneous word accuracy was 73.02% under 162 ms reverberation time and using the image method.
Invited - ultrawideband - the next step in short-range wireless (2003)

~Forces of economics and laws of physics have been driving the growth of short-range wireless technologies such as IEEE 802.11bla, Bluetoothm, and most recently, ultrawideband. Developed initially for defenserelated communications, ultrawideband offers data rates of 100-SO0 Mbps at distances of 2-10 meters, using an average radiated power of about 200 microwatts. With its low cost, low power, and small size, ultrawidehand looks attractive for inter-connecting portable data-driven devices without wires as well as maximizing wireless spufial capacig measured in terms of bitslseclsquare-meter.