gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tribology and Microstructure of PS212 with a Cr2O3 Seal Coat (1994)

PS212 is a plasma sprayed metal bonding chrome carbide coating with solid lubricant additives which has lubricating properties at temperatures up to about 900 deg C. The coating is diamond ground to achieve an acceptable tribological surface. But, as with many plasma spray coatings, PS212 is not fully-dense. In this study, a chromium oxide base seal coating is used in an attempt to seal any porosity that is open to the surface of the PS212 coating, and to study the effect of the sealant on the tribological properties of PS212. The results indicate that the seal coating reduces friction and wear when it is applied and then diamond ground leaving a thin layer of seal coating which fills in the surface pits of the PS212 coating.
Interferon induction and action in transformed poikilothermic cells. (1975)

The production and effect of interferon in the virus-transformed cell line TGk1, originating from kidney cells of Testudo gracea were studied and compared to those in the primary cell culture. West Nile virus and Newcastle disease virus were used as inducers. Interferon production in TGk1 cells began 6 hr later than in the primary cell culture and reached the maximum 64 IU, 18 hr after virus inoculation. In the primary culture, interferon production increased till the 48th hr reaching a fourfold level (256 IU). A significant reduction of the antiviral effect of interferon against vesicular stomatitis virus but not against vaccinia virus was observed in the transformed cells. The decreased interferon production and effect in TGk1 cells is regarded as a consequence of the disturbance of the interferon regulatory mechanism taking place as a result of the virus-induced transformation.
Interaction, uncertainty, and the evolution of complexity (1997)

The evolution of complexity is investigated in the context of an `iterated prisoner&apos;s dilemma&apos; (IPD) co-evolutionary/game-theoretic ecology, populated by strategies determined by variable length genotypes. New evidence is found to support the dual hypotheses that both uncertainty, and interaction (by way of population stability), foster the evolution of progressively more complex entities. It is also argued that during periods of major evolutionary upheaval, complex entities suffer disproportionately and become less abundant in the population. The research is presented as an elaboration of the general principle that there is complexity in an organism by virtue of complexity in the environment, and has implications both for deepening understanding of the nature of biological evolution and for guiding the progress of artificial evolution. 1 Introduction As Stephen Jay Gould [6] has consistently pointed out, the age of bacteria is not about to end anytime soon. Yet it can hardly be deni...
The role of raffinose in the cold acclimation response of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2004)

In many plants raffinose family oligosaccharides are accumulated during cold acclimation. The contribution of raffinose accumulation to freezing tolerance is not clear. Here, we investigated whether synthesis of raffinose is an essential component for acquiring frost tolerance. We created transgenic lines of Arabidopsis thaliana accessions Columbia-0 and Cape Verde Islands constitutively overexpressing a galactinol synthase (GS) gene from cucumber. GS overexpressing lines contained up to 20 times as much raffinose as the respective wild-type under non-acclimated conditions and up to 2.3 times more after 14 days of cold acclimation at 4 degrees C. Furthermore, we used a mutant carrying a knockout of the endogenous raffinose synthase (RS) gene. Raffinose was completely absent in this mutant. However, neither the freezing tolerance of non-acclimated leaves, nor their ability to cold acclimate were influenced in the RS mutant or in the GS overexpressing lines. We conclude that raffinose is not essential for basic freezing tolerance or for cold acclimation of A. thaliana.
Correlation between Diffusion- and Perfusion-Weighted MRI and Neurological Deficit Measured by the Scandinavian Stroke Scale and Barthel Index in Hyperacute Subcortical Stroke (≤6 Hours) (2001)

Subcortical infarctions may represent a sizeable subgroup of acute stroke patients. Also subcortical infarctions may have a PWI/DWI mismatch and therefore may respond to neuroprotective/thrombolytic therapy. Hyperacute DWI may reflect the acute clinical status and predict the outcome in patients with subcortical infarction.
Evaluation of a Functional Interconnect System for SOFC's (2011)

The overall objective of this project was to validate the concept and application of a functional interconnect, based on a ferritic stainless steel, for a solid oxide fuel cell through manufacturing trials, laboratory testing, and field experience. The materials of construction and their surfaces were to be optimized for the particular service conditions and include low-cost ferritic stainless steels, novel postprocess treatments, and third-party coatings. This work aimed to optimize specific aspects of substrate alloy chemistry and to study the effects of long-term exposures on resistive oxide film structure and chemistry, interaction with applied surface coatings, and effectiveness of novel surface treatments.
Anion Influence on the Structures of a Series of Copper(II) Metal−Organic Frameworks (2006)

The main aim of the work herein presented is to investigate the influence of different anions on the overall structure of a series of metal-organic frameworks. The reactions between CuCl2, Cu(OAc)2, and CuSO4 and the two bipyridylurea ligands L1 and L2 [L1 = 1,3-bis(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)urea; L2 = 1,3-bis(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)urea; see Scheme 1 in paper] have been carried out and the crystal structure of five of the resulting metal-organic assemblies determined. These crystal structures have shown that the geometry and size of the corresponding anions together with their coordinating and hydrogen-bonding properties are essential in determining the final structures of the assemblies. Particularly interesting, because of their potential as nanoporous materials, are the assemblies obtained from the reaction between each of the two ligands (L1 and L2) and CuCl2, which yield noninterpenetrating 2D metal-organic layers made of squares of ca. 15 x 15 Angstroms. These layers stack on top of each other, producing infinite 3D channels filled with solvent molecules. The thermal stabilities of the five metal-organic frameworks prepared have been studied by means of thermogravimetric analysis. Preliminary X-ray powder diffraction studies of one of these metal-organic frameworks indicate that upon heating the assembly changes to a different crystalline structure. Interestingly, the original structure reforms upon exposure of this sample to traces of water.
34 Comparison of PCI vs CABG in insulin treated and non-insulin treated diabetic patients in the cardia trial (2011)

Aims The CARDia trial randomised diabetic patients to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and concluded that PCI is a potentially safe and feasible alternative to CABG in selected patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and multivessel coronary artery disease. The impact of insulin treatment on clinical outcomes after revascularisation is unclear. The present study is a sub group analysis of the CARDia trial comparing the cardiovascular outcomes at 12 months following revascularisation between the insulin treated (IT) and non-insulin treated (NIT) group. Methods 508 patients with an established diagnosis of DM and de novo coronary artery disease were identified and randomised to CABG or PCI. Of those, 316 patients were treated with oral antidiabetic medication and the rest were treated with additional subcutaneous insulin injections. Demographics, clinical presentation, history, haemodynamic parameters, anti diabetic therapy, concomitant medications, duration of DM and HBA1C were documented. Death, stroke and myocardial infarction were classified as the primary outcome events. The secondary outcome events included death, MI, Stroke, repeat revascularisation and TIMI major bleed. The clinical results of patients in the IT and NIT groups were compared. Results There were 192 patients in the IT group (37.8%). Asian patients constituted one fifth of the total population with a slightly higher representation (24.5% vs 21.6%) in the NIT. The clinical severity of dyspnoea, heart rate, systolic and diastolic BP, body mass index, risk factors for coronary artery disease appeared similar in the IT and NIT groups, but more patients in the IT group had a prior MI (30.7% vs 19.6%, p=0.004) and duration of diabetes was longer in the IT group (14 vs 6 yrs, p<0.001). For the comparison of CABG vs PCI for the primary outcome events the HR and 95% CI in the IT and NIT groups respectively were 1.66 (0.76 to 3.76) and 1.01 (0.51 to 2.01). For death, MI, stroke, repeat revascularisation they were 2.47 (1.18 to 5.20) in the IT and 1.41 (0.71 to 2.57) in the NIT group. The results suggest that IT patients may have a worse outcome with PCI compared to CABG, whereas no difference was found for NIT patients. Conclusion Our data suggest that insulin treatment is a marker for higher risk for PCI when compared with CABG. Treatment with insulin rather than diabetic status alone should be considered when choosing the mode of revascularisation.
Di‐<i>tert</i>‐Butyl Acetylenedicarboxylate and Its Cyclotrimerization (1979)

Di‐ tert —butylacetylenedicarboxylate (1) —surprisingly not synthesized before—is remarkable from a chemical standpoint. Its cyclotrimerization shows that the tert ‐butyl groups do not exert strong steric hindrance. Ready cleavage (without base) of the esters obtained from (1) is of advantage. equation image
Three Novel Spin‐Labeled Substrates for Enzymatic Incorporation into Nucleic Acid Lattices (1986)

Abstract The synthesis of one C(4)‐spin‐labeled uridine‐5′‐diphosphate (C(4)‐UDP) and two nitroxide‐containing 2′‐deoxyuridine‐5′‐triphosphate (dUTP) analogs are reported. The C(4)‐UDP derivative was incorporated into copolymers by polynucleotide phosphoxylase (PNPase); one of the two dUTP analogs, substituted at position C(4), was a good substrate for TdT, whereas the other one, substituted at position C(5), served as substrate for E. coli DNA polymerase (Pol I).
Pharmacologic Application of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: The <i>in vivo</i> Toxic Effect of Carrageenan (2001)

Microsomal fractions from rat brain, testes, and liver were examined by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to study the in vivo toxic effect of carrageenan administered by intraperitoneal injection. Comparison between spectra of control and treated samples clearly demonstrated important cellular damages induced by carrageenan. Lipid content was significantly enhanced in the testes and brain. The length of the acyl chains largely increased, and cholesterol ester accumulation occurred as a consequence of lipid peroxidation, particularly in the brain. Absorption intensity in the amide I and II regions was increased in the brain and testes. Conformational structure of membrane proteins was changed as shown by the large decrease in liver β-sheet structures. The phospholipid level was more significantly enhanced in the brain than in the testes. We observed in liver both an important loss in glucidic structures and a noticeable glycogen depletion. Thus, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy appears to be a useful tool to rapidly monitor the chemical alterations induced by carrageenan on different organs. Moreover, a correlation between the spectroscopic method and the biochemical data was discussed. Further experiments should be conducted to investigate the spectral features characteristic of the various tissue types within each organ and to explore new markers for oxidation and/or inflammation.
Coxiella burnetii superoxide dismutase gene: cloning, sequencing, and expression in Escherichia coli (1992)

A superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene from the obligate intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetii has been cloned, and its DNA sequence has been determined and expressed in Escherichia coli. The gene was identified on pSJR50, a pHC79-derived genomic clone, by using the polymerase chain reaction with degenerate oligonucleotide primers corresponding to conserved regions of known SODs. Sequences resembling conventional E. coli ribosomal and RNA polymerase-binding sites preceded the C. burnetii 579-bp SOD open reading frame. An E. coli SOD-deficient double mutant (sodA sodB) that carried pSJR50 had growth and survival responses similar to those of the wild type when the transformant was challenged with 0.05 mM paraquat and 5 mM hydrogen peroxide, respectively. These observations indicated that the C. burnetii gene was functionally expressed in E. coli. Staining of native polyacrylamide gels for SOD activity demonstrated that pSJR50 insert DNA codes for an SOD that comigrates with an SOD found in C. burnetii cell lysates. The enzyme was inactivated by 5 mM hydrogen peroxide, which is indicative of an iron-containing SOD. Additionally, the predicted amino acid sequence was significantly more homologous to known iron-containing SODs than to manganese-containing SODs. Isolation of the C. burnetii SOD gene may provide an opportunity to examine its role in the intracellular survival of this rickettsia.
A microgripper using smart piezoelectric actuators (2002)

The manipulation of very small objects is one of the most important tasks in microrobotics. Micromanipulators are required in all fields where precise manipulation of very small objects must be performed like microsurgery or assembly of MEMS. It is well known that downsizing the tools used in the macroworld is not appropriate to achieve tasks in the microworld. In this paper we present a prototype of a microgripper made up of piezoelectric bending unimorphs. A dynamic model of the piezoelectric unimorphs is developed. Various identification methods have been applied in order to verify the validity of the model. An observer has been built in order to estimate the forces applied at the tip of the fingers. Knowing these forces is very important to avoid destruction of objects during manipulation. The microgripper is able to handle microobjects in a wide range of size by changing the initial distance between the fingers. The resolution of positioning obtained is better than 10 nm for each finger. Every finger can be actuated individually so that dexterous handling can be achieved. This system allows us to perform precise micromanipulation tasks.
<title>Experimental and numerical evaluation of model steel structure using the stiffness-decoupler seismic-isolation system</title> (2000)

The concept and the functionality of the Stiffness Decoupler for Base Isolation of Structures, (SDFBIS, U.S. patent No. 5,660,007, August 1997, and No. 5,386,671, February 1995), and the methodology for the numerical simulation of the dynamic responses of structures, the computer simulated accelerogram and the recorded time histories of the response accelerations of the 14' by 9' by 18' tall model steel structure under the application of an 88% of the ground motion of the Northridge 1994 Earthquake, (shaken by the KSU shaking table), will be presented for comparison. The performance of the SDFBIS system, the efficiency of the numerical algorithm and the sensitivity of accelerometer s Model 799M and 731A model of Wilcoxon Research will be presented in the concluding remarks.
PHOTOCHROMIC AND FLUORESCENCE STUDIES OF SPIROPYRAN INDOLINE DERIVATIVES IN THE PRESENCE OF ACIDS (2003)

We synthesized 3′,3′-dimethyl-1′-octadecyl-6-nitrospiro-[2H-1-benzopyran-2,2′-indoline] (SP-18) and examined its photochromic behavior and fluorescence in the presence of acid. When strong acids such as HCl and dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) were present, the merocyanine (MC) form generated via heterolytic cleavage of oxygen-carbon bond of the spiropyran (SP) by the irradiation of UV light was protonated to produce the complex MCH+. The MCH+ had a yellow color with the absorption maxima at between 410∼430 nm. Since ring-closing reaction of the MC form to produce the SP form was retarded by the protonation of the phenolate in the MC form, MCH+ had better stability than the MC. Emission peak of the MCH+form was observed at 645 nm with HCl and 600 nm with DBSA, respectively. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) films containing the MCH+ retained about 75% of its original absorbance even after 48 h.
0.7–2.7-GHz 12-W Power-Amplifier MMIC Developed Using MLP Technology (2007)

A design approach and test data for a broadband high-power amplifier monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) developed using MSAG MESFETs with multilevel-plating technology are presented. A low-loss matching design technique was used in the development of a two-stage amplifier. The UHF/L/S-band amplifier has exhibited greater than 12-W power output and better than 22% power-added efficiency over the 0.7-2.7-GHz frequency range. To our knowledge, these power results represent the state-of-the-art in multioctave high-power MMIC amplifiers
Solution Structure of Bovine Angiogenin by <sup>1</sup>H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy<sup>,</sup> (1996)

The three-dimensional structure of bovine angiogenin has been determined using two- and three-dimensional proton NMR spectroscopy. The solution structure is very close to that recently determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. This structure appears well defined, even if five loops and one helix exhibit greater flexibility. Analysis of the active site geometry confirms the position of the Glu-118 residue which obstructs the pyrimidine binding site. There is no experimental evidence of an unobstructed conformation of angiogenin in solution. In addition, it appears that the Glu-118 and Ser-119 residues and the cell receptor binding loop may play an important role in the differences of C-terminal fragment organization and ribonucleolytic activity observed between angiogenins and ribonuclease A.
PEGylation Does Not Impair Insulin Efficacy in Three-Dimensional Cartilage Culture: An Investigation toward Biomimetic Polymers (2004)

A major goal in tissue engineering is the controlled application of growth factors. As a novel application system, we are currently developing biomimetic polymers that are processed into three-dimensional scaffolds. Bioactive proteins will be covalently bound to the polymers via a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) linker. Of paramount importance is the maintenance of the biological activity of the protein after PEGylation and covalent binding to the polymer. Therefore, within this study, insulin used as a model protein was PEGylated with an active succinimidyl ester of poly(ethylene glycol) (SS-NH-PEG) (MW ~2000) and biological effects of the protein-PEG conjugate were monitored in comparison with unmodified insulin. No significant differences in chondrocyte proliferation were observed in a conventional proliferation assay after treatment with insulin or PEGylated insulin. In a complex three-dimensional cartilage-engineering model the effects of insulin and PEGylated insulin were investigated over a wide concentration range (0.025-25 microg/mL). Insulin and PEGylated insulin at equivalent concentrations resulted in cartilaginous tissue constructs exhibiting identical wet weight, cell number, biochemical composition of the extracellular matrix, and histological appearance, both compounds significantly improving tissue quality as compared with control constructs. In conclusion, the presented study demonstrates that PEGylation of insulin using SS-NH-PEG did not change the activity of the protein in a complex biological environment and is regarded as a step toward the development of biomimetic polymers.
Russuphelins B, C, D, E and F, New Cytotoxic Substances from the Mushroom Russula subnigricans HONGO. (1993)

Five new chlorinated phenyl ethers, russuphelins B (2), C (3), D (4), E (5) and F (6) have been isolated from the mushroom Russula subnigricans Hongo, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical means. Russuphelins B (2), C (3) and D (4) exhibited cytotoxic activity in vitro against P388 leukemia cells.
Cryogenic Orbital Test Bed 3 (CRYOTE3) Overview and Status (2015)

CRYOTE3 is a grassroots CFM test effort with contributing government and industry partners focused on developing and testing hardware to produce needed data for model validation and implementation into flight systems.
Turbulence wall-shear stress sensor for the atmospheric surface layer (2005)

Copyright 2005 IOP Publishing. Publisher PDF version is restricted access in accordance with the IOP Publishing policy.
Structural and Dynamic Basis of Phospholamban and Sarcolipin Inhibition of Ca<sup>2+</sup>-ATPase (2007)

Phospholamban (PLN) and sarcolipin (SLN) are two single-pass membrane proteins that regulate Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA), an ATP-driven pump that translocates calcium ions into the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, initiating muscle relaxation. Both proteins bind SERCA through intramembrane interactions, impeding calcium translocation. While phosphorylation of PLN at Ser-16 and/or Thr-17 reestablishes calcium flux, the regulatory mechanism of SLN remains elusive. SERCA has been crystallized in several different states along the enzymatic reaction coordinates, providing remarkable mechanistic information; however, the lack of high-resolution crystals in the presence of PLN and SLN limits the current understanding of the regulatory mechanism. This brief review offers a survey of our hybrid structural approach using solution and solid-state NMR methodologies to understand SERCA regulation from the point of view of PLN and SLN. These results have improved our understanding of the calcium translocation process and are the basis for designing new therapeutic approaches to ameliorate muscle malfunctions.
Long-term treatment with the dopamine agonist quinagolide of patients with clinically non-functioning pituitary adenoma (2000)

Long-term treatment of patients with CNPA with high doses of the dopamine agonist quinagolide could not prevent progressive increase in tumor size in most patients. It remains unproven whether quinagolide retards CNPA growth. Additional studies are needed to investigate whether subgroups of patients, e.g. those with positive dopamine receptor scintigraphy or those with marked hypersecretion of intact gonadotropins or subunits, will respond more favorably to treatment with dopamine agonists.
Uveal Mast Cells Are Not Required for Rodent Uveitis (1998)

Uveal mast cells have previously been considered to be vital mediators of experimental uveitis. We extended the study of these cells to experimental melanin-induced uveitis (EMIU), a recently described clinically relevant model, and re-examined their role in endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) using genetically mast cell-depleted mice on a single background. EMIU was induced in Fischer 344 rats by immunisation with bovine ocular melanin (250 microgram. Animals were killed immediately, and on days 1 and 3 of clinical disease. Numbers of uveal mast cells and the percentage of degranulated cells were counted in whole-mount preparations. There was no significant change in either measure across the selected time points. To induce EIU, normal and mast cell-depleted DBA/2 mice were injected with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (400 microgram). Cells infiltrating the eye 24 h after injection were quantified in 5 micrometer ocular cross-sections. Disease was not significantly reduced in the mast cell-depleted mutants. We conclude that uveal mast cells are not required for the development of EMIU or, in contrast to earlier work, EIU.
Metal(IV) phosphate catalysed retro-Prins reaction involving an oxetane intermediate (1999)

F. A. H. Al-Qallaf, R. A. W. Johnstone, J. Liu, L. Lu and D. Whittaker, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 1999, 1421 DOI: 10.1039/A901122F