gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mutations to <i>R. sphaeroides</i> Reaction Center Perturb Energy Levels and Vibronic Coupling but Not Observed Energy Transfer Rates (2015)

The bacterial reaction center is capable of both efficiently collecting and quickly transferring energy within the complex; therefore, the reaction center serves as a convenient model for both energy transfer and charge separation. To spectroscopically probe the interactions between the electronic excited states on the chromophores and their intricate relationship with vibrational motions in their environment, we examine coherences between the excited states. Here, we investigate this question by introducing a series of point mutations within 12 Å of the special pair of bacteriochlorophylls in the Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction center. Using two-dimensional spectroscopy, we find that the time scales of energy transfer dynamics remain unperturbed by these mutations. However, within these spectra, we detect changes in the mixed vibrational-electronic coherences in these reaction centers. Our results indicate that resonance between bacteriochlorophyll vibrational modes and excitonic energy gaps promote electronic coherences and support current vibronic models of photosynthetic energy transfer.
Comparison of Radius-Estimating Techniques for Horizontal Curves (2005)

Techniques to obtain horizontal curve radii were identified and tested in a controlled experimental study. Ten techniques were identified and pilot tested. Eight of those initial 10 were then used to measure 18 horizontal curves on two-lane rural highways in Texas to evaluate fully their accuracy, precision, cost, ease of use, and safety. Statistically, all eight techniques produced equivalent accuracies, but they displayed a wide range in their precision. The costs varied as a function of the number of times each technique would be used in the field, with those techniques with high initial costs becoming more cost-competitive over the long run with many uses. Ease of use was gauged on the basis of the experience gained during this research. Safety was measured on the basis of whether a technique required personnel on the roadway or roadside or whether it allowed personnel to work from an office or inside a vehicle. The recommendations were based on the expected needs of three different groups that use radii information: transportation agencies, accident investigators, and transportation researchers. Within transportation agencies, engineers and planners in the office will probably benefit most from the plan sheet method, whereas field personnel will probably benefit most from using either the advisory speed or a Global Positioning System (GPS) method. Those who estimate only occasionally, such as accident investigators, will benefit most from the compass method. Finally, researchers or others who may have difficulty accessing plan sheets but still require accurate data will benefit from using a GPS.
CSMA/CCA: A Modified CSMA/CA Protocol Mitigating the Fairness Problem for IEEE 802.11 DCF (2008)

Carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) has been adopted by the IEEE 802.11 standards for wireless local area networks (WLANs). Using a distributed coordination function (DCF), the CSMA/CA protocol reduces collisions and improves the overall throughput. To mitigate fairness issues arising with CSMA/CA, we develop a modified version that we term CSMA with copying collision avoidance (CSMA/CCA). A station in CSMA/CCA contends for the shared wireless medium by employing a binary exponential backoff similar to CSMA/CA. Different from CSMA/CA, CSMA/CCA copies the contention window (CW) size piggybacked in the MAC header of an overheard data frame within its basic service set (BSS) and updates its backoff counter according to the new CW size. Simulations carried out in several WLAN configurations illustrate that CSMA/CCA improves fairness relative to CSMA/CA and offers considerable advantages for deployment in the 802.11-standard-based WLANs. Copyright © 2006 X. Wang and G. B. Giannakis. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 1.
Analyses of Clonal Status in 'Somei-yoshino' and Confirmation of Genealogical Record in Other Cultivars of Prunus * yedoensis by Microsatellite Markers (2007)

‘Somei-yoshino’ (Yoshino cherry, Prunus × yedoensis) is the most popular flowering cherry cultivar in Japan. In order to confirm the clonal status of this cultivar, which is one of the most important issues, genotypes of different individuals were investigated using 21 microsatellite markers. Of the 52 individuals examined, including 47 old trees planted from the late 19th to the early 20th century that had been collected from various locations in Japan, 50 showed an identical genotype. The other two were assumed to be the offspring of this cultivar. These results showed that ‘Somei-yoshino’ is a clone from a single tree. The genealogy of six other cultivars belonging to the same hybrid species was examined using the same method. The results were congruent with the documentation of their genealogy. ‘Mishima-zakura’ and ‘Shouwa-zakura’ were found to be the offspring of ‘Somei-yoshino’, while ‘Amagi-yoshino’, ‘Izu-yoshino’, ‘Mikado-yoshino’ and ‘Perpendens’ were not directly related to ‘Somei-yoshino’.
Loose Fill Slope Stabilization with Soil Nails: Full-Scale Test (2008)

Soil nailing is commonly used for stabilizing cut slopes and retaining structures. The technique is, however, seldom used in stabilizing old loose fill slopes that were not constructed to the current standards. There is a concern that soil-nailed loose fill slopes may not render safety during heavy rainstorms. Little work has been carried out to investigate the behavior of soil-nailed loose fill slopes. This paper presents a comprehensive field test on a loose fill slope that was constructed by end tipping without any compaction—in the same way old fill slopes were formed. The slope was 4.75m high, 9m wide, and 33deg to the horizontal. Two rows of five grouted nails were installed at a grid of 1.5m×1.5m at an inclination of 20deg from the horizontal. A surface grillage was used to connect the six nails in the middle of the grid. Performance of the nailed slope was monitored with various instruments for about six months until the slope was tested to fail by surcharging and wetting. The overall results show that soil nailing with a surface grillage is a potentially effective way to enhance the stability of old fill slopes.
Pharmacology of platelet inhibition in humans: implications of the salicylate-aspirin interaction. (1985)

The current dispute over the effects of "low" vs "high" doses of aspirin should take into consideration the pharmacokinetics of this drug. In fact, different pharmaceutical formulations of aspirin may deliver little or no aspirin to the systemic blood. This was the case, for instance, in healthy volunteers taking 320 mg of compressed aspirin or 800 mg of enteric-coated aspirin. In all instances thromboxane B2 generation in serum was fully inhibited. Platelet cyclooxygenase might therefore be effectively acetylated by exposure to aspirin in the portal circulation, whereas vascular cyclooxygenase could be spared. Thus aspirin formulations ensuring complete first-pass deacetylation should be sought rather than "low" or "high" doses of unspecified aspirin formulations. Regardless of the type and dose of aspirin administered, salicylate is formed and accumulates in the circulation. It may antagonize the effects of aspirin on cyclooxygenase, at least in acute conditions. As an example, after administration of 1 g of salicylate to healthy volunteers, when plasma levels of the drug were about 75 micrograms/ml, the effect of 40 mg iv aspirin (given 40 min later) on platelet cyclooxygenase and aggregation was significantly diminished. In contrast, in patients undergoing saphenectomy, the same dose of salicylate (1 g) gave plasma drug levels of about 25 micrograms/ml; salicylate was unable to prevent the inhibitory effect on platelets of 40 mg iv aspirin (given 1 hr later) but did act on vascular prostacyclin. Thus the combination of salicylate with aspirin at an appropriate dose and blood level ratio may result in almost complete dissociation of the drug's effect on platelets and vessels in man.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Properties of Electrolytic Solutions. XXVII. The Conductance of Several Quaternary Ammonium Salts in Ethylene Chloride at 25°<sup>1</sup> (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProperties of Electrolytic Solutions. XXVII. The Conductance of Several Quaternary Ammonium Salts in Ethylene Chloride at 25°1Walter E. Thompson and Charles A. KrausCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 5, 1016–1020Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01197a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01197a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views131Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An Efficient Phosphine‐Free Palladium Coupling for the Synthesis of New 2‐Arylbenzo[b]thiophenes. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Kinetic modeling of Na<sub>v</sub>1.7 provides insight into erythromelalgia-associated F1449V mutation (2011)

Gain-of-function mutations of the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) Na(v)1.7 have been linked to human pain disorders. The mutation F1449V, located at the intracellular end of transmembrane helix S6 of domain III, induces the inherited pain syndrome erythromelalgia. A kinetic model of wild-type (WT) and F1449V Na(v)1.7 may provide a basis for predicting putative intraprotein interactions. We semiautomatically constrained a Markov model using stochastic search algorithms and whole cell patch-clamp recordings from human embryonic kidney cells transfected with Na(v)1.7 and its F1449V mutation. The best models obtained simulated known differences in action potential thresholds and firing patterns in spinal sensory neurons expressing WT and F1449V. The most suitable Markov model consisted of three closed, one open, and two inactivated states. The model predicted that the F1449V mutation shifts occupancy of the closed states closer to the open state, making it easier for the channel pore to open. It also predicted that F1449V's second inactivated state is more than four times more likely to be occupied than the equivalent state in WT at hyperpolarized potentials, although the mutation still lowered the firing threshold of action potentials. The differences between WT and F1449V were not limited to a single transition. Thus a point mutation in position F1449, while phenotypically most probably affecting the activation gate, may also modify channel functions mediated by structures in more distant areas of the channel protein.
Binding and Docking of Synthetic Heterotrimeric Collagen Type IV Peptides with α1β1 Integrin (2002)

Checking the register: Cell-adhesion processes are mediated by conformation-dependent binding of collagen type IV to integrins. Two heterotrimeric collagen peptides that contain the residue-457–468 sequence of the cell-adhesion epitope of the α1 and α2 chains in collagen type IV were synthesized and the three chains were assembled into the α1α2α1′ and α2α1α1′ registers (see figure). Binding and modeling experiments allowed identification of the latter register as the most plausible alignment of the chains in natural collagen type IV.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURE‐ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS OF PHENYTOIN‐LIKE ANTICONVULSANT DRUGS (1984)

Abstract Untersucht werden Phenytoin (Ia) und die ähnlichen Verbindungen (Ib)‐(IV).
Secure and Private Service Discovery in Pervasive Computing Environments (2011)

With the convergence of embedded computers and wireless communication, pervasive computing has become the inevitable future of computing. Every year, billions of computing devices are built. They are ubiquitously deployed and are gracefully integrated with people and their environments. Service discovery is an essential step for the devices to properly discover, configure, and communicate with each other. Authentication for pervasive service discovery is difficult. In this chapter, we introduce a user-centric service discovery model, called PrudentExposure, which automates authentication processes. It encodes hundreds of authentication messages in a novel code word form. Perhaps the most serious challenge for pervasive service discovery is the integration of computing devices with people. A critical privacy challenge can be expressed as a “chicken-and-egg problem”: both users and service providers want the other parties to expose sensitive information first. We discuss how a progressive and probabilistic model can protect both users’ and service providers’ privacy.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
Extending the t-Design Concept (1993)

Let B be a family of k-subsets of a v-set V , with 1 less-than-or-equal-to k less-than-or-equal-to v/2. Given only the inner distribution of B i.e., the number of pairs of blocks that meet in j points (with j = 0, 1, ... , k), we are able to completely describe the regularity with which B meets an arbitrary t-subset of V , for each order t (with 1 less-than-or-equal-to t less-than-or-equal-to v/2). This description makes use of a linear transform based on a system of dual Hahn polynomials with parameters v, k, t. The main regularity parameter is the dimension of a well-defined subspace of R(t+1), called the t-form space of B. (This subspace coincides with R(t+1) if and only if B is a t-design.) We show that the t-form space has the structure of an ideal, and we explain how to compute its canonical generator.
Holographic Measurement of Wave Propagation in Axi-Symmetric Shells. (1972)

The report deals with the use of pulsed, double-exposure holographic interferometry to record the propagation of transverse waves in thin-walled axi-symmetric shells. The report is subdivided into sections dealing with: (1) wave propagation in circular cylindrical shells, (2) wave propagation past cut-outs and stiffeners, and (3) wave propagation in conical shells. Several interferograms are presented herein which show the waves reflecting from the shell boundaries, from cut-outs, and from stiffening rings. The initial response of the shell was nearly axi-symmetric in all cases, but nonsymmetric modes soon appeared in the radial response. This result suggests that the axi-symmetric response of the shell may be dynamically unstable, and thus may preferentially excite certain circumferential harmonics through parametric excitation. Attempts were made throughout to correlate the experimental data with analysis. For the most part, good agreement between theory and experiment was obtained. Occasional differences were attributed primarily to simplifying assumptions used in the analysis. From the standpoint of engineering applications, it is clear that pulsed laser holography can be used to obtain quantitative engineering data. Areas of dynamic stress concentration, stress concentration factors, local anomalies, etc., can be readily determined by holography.
Multiproxy paleosol evidence for a rain shadow effect linked to Miocene uplift of the North Patagonian Andes (2019)

Abstract Climate changes related to orographic barrier uplift have been in the research spotlight over recent years. Several works have focused on the interactions between climatic and tectonic processes in order to understand the development of a rain shadow. Patagonia is an ideal region in which to analyze such interactions, since a Miocene climate change, from wetter to drier conditions, has mainly been associated with Andean uplift. In this work, we analyzed a succession of stacked paleosols recorded in a Miocene North Patagonian foreland basin in order to understand how the paleosol moisture regime related to the atmospheric humidity changes caused by the uplift of the Patagonian Andes. Based on macromorphological, micromorphological, and geochemical studies, and supported by a high-resolution chronostratigraphic scheme based on U-Pb geochronology and magnetostratigraphy, the paleosols were characterized with corresponding mean annual paleoprecipitation (MAP) and mean annual temperature values. Alfisol-like paleosols were identified at the base of the foreland infill (15–14.6 Ma) with a MAP of 1229 ± 108 mm/yr. The Andisol-like paleosols recognized in the middle section of the sequence (14.6–12.75 Ma) exhibited a MAP of 1053 ± 108 mm/yr, whereas the Aridisol-like paleosols occurring in the upper section of the infill (12.75–11.5 Ma) presented a MAP of 677 ± 108 mm/yr. The determined Miocene mean annual temperatures (∼11 ± 2.1 °C) were similar to the present-day values (11 °C). Based on the complete tectonic record of the Patagonian Andes, the observed decrease in MAP was assigned to the rain shadow effect created by the uplift of the North Patagonian Andes. Results indicate that although the process started around 19 Ma, the rain shadow effect was not effectively recorded before ca. 14.6 Ma.
Volume composition and evaluation using eye-tracking data (2010)

This article presents a method for automating rendering parameter selection to simplify tedious user interaction and improve the usability of visualization systems. Our approach acquires the important/interesting regions of a dataset through simple user interaction with an eye tracker. Based on this importance information, we automatically compute reasonable rendering parameters using a set of heuristic rules, which are adapted from visualization experience and psychophysical experiments. A user study has been conducted to evaluate these rendering parameters, and while the parameter selections for a specific visualization result are subjective, our approach provides good preliminary results for general users while allowing additional control adjustment. Furthermore, our system improves the interactivity of a visualization system by significantly reducing the required amount of parameter selections and providing good initial rendering parameters for newly acquired datasets of similar types.
Design and Test of a Candidate Topping Combustor for Second Generation PFB Applications (1991)

Second Generation Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion Combined Cycles utilize topping combustion to raise the combustion turbine inlet temperature to the state of the art. Principally for this reason, cycle efficiency is improved over first generation PFB systems. Topping combustor design requirements differ from conventional gas turbine combustors since hot, vitiated air from the PFB is used for both cooling and combustion. In addition, the topping combustor fuel, a hot, low-heating value gas produced from coal pyrolysis, contains ammonia. This NOx-forming constituent adds to the combustor’s unique design challenges. The candidate combustor is the multi-annular swirl burner (MASB) based on the design described by J.M. Beér. This concept embodies rich-burn, quick quench, and lean-burn zones formed aerodynamically. The initial test sponsored by the Department of Energy, Morgantown, West Virginia, has been completed and the results of that test are presented.
A Simple Way to Eliminate Diffraction Lobes Emitted by Ultrasonic Transducers (1971)

Diffraction lobes can be eliminated from the ultrasonic wave pattern emitted by an ultrasonic transducer by producing a Gaussian distribution of amplitudes across the transducer surface. A simple way to accomplish this is described.
CENTRIFUGE STUDY ON VOLUME CHANGES AND DYNAMIC STABILITY OF EARTH DAMS. DISCUSSION AND CLOSURE (1995)

A discussion of a paper with the aforementioned title by Arulanandan, Seed, Yogachandran, Muraleetharan, Seed, and Kabilamany, published in this journal (Volume 119, Number 11, November 1993), is presented. Discusser Castro focuses on the authors' conclusion regarding the undrained steady-state strength of the sand based on its preshaking void ratio. The movements of the upstream section of the dam, which the authors claim to be controlled by the sand strength, would be much larger than those of the downstream section, controlled by the clay strength. Discussion is followed by closure from K. Arulanandan.
Severe life stress as a predictor of early disease progression in HIV infection (1997)

This report presents the first evidence from a prospective research study that severe life event stress is associated with an increased rate of early HIV disease progression.
4 Roles of Nuclear Structure in DNA Replication (1996)

The cell nucleus is the defining feature of eukaryotes. It is bounded by a nuclear envelope consisting of two concentric layers of membrane perforated by nuclear pores that serve as channels of communication between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. DNA is not randomly packed into the nucleus but packaged precisely in such a way that all regions are accessible for replication each cell cycle. Partial access and therefore partial replication would result in chromosome breakage or nondisjunction at mitosis, with disastrous consequences. The packing hierarchy involves radial loop organization from an axial scaffold, as well as the compaction resulting from coiling DNA twice around the nucleosome subunits of chromatin (Schedl and Grosveld 1995; Van Holde et al. 1995). A crucial feature of eukaryotic chromosomal DNA replication is that it always occurs within a nucleus. In lower eukaryotes such as fungi or Physarum, the nuclear membrane remains intact throughout the cell cycle, whereas it breaks down during mitosis of higher eukaryotes. Nevertheless, replication is constrained to interphase when the nuclear membrane is intact. We argue that this constraint has important regulatory consequences. Further key features of eukaryotic DNA replication are that multiple initiations occur within a single chromosome and that these initiations are coordinated so that each region of the chromosome replicates, but replicates only once in any cell cycle. We argue that nuclear structure has essential roles to play in coordinating multiple initiations to replicate the chromosome exactly once. NUCLEAR STRUCTURE IS REQUIRED FOR CELLULAR DNA REPLICATION Studies of eukaryotic...