gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Quantitative Evaluation of Contrast-Enhanced Endoscopic Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Diseases (2011)

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) with time-intensity curve (TIC) in differentiating pancreatic diseases. Methods: Patients who underwent contrast-enhanced EUS between January 2007 and June 2009 were analyzed retrospectively, including 48 with pancreatic ductal cancer (PC), 14 with autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), 13 with mass-forming pancreatitis (MFP), and 16 with pancreatic endocrine tumor (PET). After intravenous injection of contrast agent, contrast imaging pattern, TIC-based quantitative evaluation, and diagnostic ability of EUS in combination with TIC to diagnose benignancy or malignancy were assessed. Results: Hypovascular and heterogeneous pattern (42/48) in PC, isovascular and homogenous (21/27) in AIP and MFP, and hypervascular and rapid stained (16/16) in PET were observed. The echo intensity reduction rate from the peak at 1 minute was the greatest in PC followed by MFP, AIP, and PET (P < 0.05). The diagnostic accuracies based on contrast imaging pattern (84.0%) and TIC (88.0%) were higher than those based on B-mode imaging (82.6%) and dynamic computed tomography (81.3%). In EUS in combination with TIC, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rose up to 95.8%, 92.6%, and 94.7%, respectively. Conclusions: Contrast-enhanced EUS with the dynamic quantitative analysis preparing TIC increased the diagnostic accuracy for pancreatic diseases.
Long-term efficacy of pregabalin in generalized anxiety disorder (2008)

A multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of pregabalin in preventing relapse of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) after response to short-term treatment. Outpatients (n=624) with GAD for > or =1 year received open-label pregabalin (450 mg/day) for 8 weeks and, if a clinical response was observed, were randomized to receive either pregabalin (450 mg/day; n=168) or placebo (n=170) for 24 weeks. The primary efficacy parameter was time to relapse. Among responders to open-label acute treatment with pregabalin, time to relapse of GAD was significantly longer for patients treated with pregabalin compared with placebo (P<0.0001). Fifty per cent of the placebo group had relapsed by day 23, and at study endpoint, 65% had relapsed. In the pregabalin group, only 42% had relapsed by study end. Total attrition during double-blind treatment was somewhat higher on pregabalin compared with placebo (21.4 vs. 15.3%); attrition owing to adverse events (AEs) was also somewhat higher on pregabalin (6.0 vs. 2.4%). AEs were relatively low in the double-blind phase; only three AEs occurred with an incidence of more than 5% on pregabalin and placebo, respectively: infection (14.9 vs. 11.2%), headache (10.1 vs. 11.2%), and somnolence (6.0 vs. 0%). No safety concerns were identified with long-term treatment. The study indicates that pregabalin is an effective treatment for the prevention of relapse in patients with GAD.
Effect of Pressure and Timing of Contraction on Human Rib Cage Muscle Fatigue (1993)

Breathing against inspiratory loads can be accomplished with different degrees of coupling between the diaphragm and the other muscles attached to the rib cage (RCM). Thus, the electromyographic signs of fatigue develop separately in each muscle group. While breathing with diaphragm emphasis, the occurrence of diaphragmatic fatigue was found to be related to the tension-time index TTdi (= Pdi/Pdimax x Ti/Ttot). Above the critical range of 0.15 to 0.18, the endurance of the diaphragm is less than 1 h and it is inversely related to the TTdi value. However, in most loaded breathing conditions, the spontaneous pattern of breathing is characterized by predominant activation of RCM. The tension-time conditions at which fatigue develops during breathing with RCM emphasis are not known. We assessed the critical tension-time value in four normal subjects breathing with RCM emphasis against inspiratory threshold loads. RCM predominance was achieved by developing negative abdominal pressure swings during inspiration, and it was characterized by the tension-time index TTrc (Ppl/Pplmax x Tl/Ttot), where Ppl is pleural pressure developed under this condition. Above a critical TTrc value of 0.30, endurance time was inversely related to TTrc, and it resulted from failure of the RCM rather than of the diaphragm. We conclude that the critical threshold, as assessed by TTrc, is higher for breathing patterns with RCM emphasis than previously described by TTdi for diaphragm emphasis. However, when predominantly recruited, as in breathing patterns commonly adopted in loaded conditions, the RCM fatigue earlier than the diaphragm.
Construction of a vein-pouch aneurysm at a surgically created carotid bifurcation in the rat (1996)

Currently available animal models for the study of treatment of aneurysms are either expensive or yield unreliable results. An animal series was devised to address both of these problems by creating a new animal model. Twelve Sprague-Dawley rats were used to demonstrate that a vein-pouch aneurysm could be constructed at a surgically created carotid bifurcation. Patency rates, growth dynamics, and histologic morphology were studied at three time intervals. A 100% patency rate at the aneurysm orifice was achieved with one-third of the aneurysms showing varying degrees of partial apical thrombosis. A growth pattern was established over the study period. Magnetic resonance angiography and digital subtraction angiography were successfully employed to study a small number of additional aneurysms. Our conclusion is that a bifurcation aneurysm can be constructed in the rat with high patency rates and predictable saccular morphology which resembles most human intracranial aneurysms. This inexpensive animal model can be used to study novel modalities for the treatment of aneurysms.
A new self-consistent cluster approach to substitutional alloys with long- and short-range order (1981)

A new self-consistent cluster theory for studying the electronic structure of substitutional alloys exhibiting both long- and short-range order is developed and examined in detail. The formalism is based on an extension of the self-consistent boundary-site approximation (SCBSA) introduced by Butler (1973) for a linear chain. General off-diagonal disorder in the tight-binding picture is also included within the framework of the renormalisation propagator formalism (RPF) proposed by Niizeki (1975). The effectiveness of this method is evaluated from numerical studies of NaCl structure fictitious alloys as well as CsCl structure order-disorder alloys. A recent paper by Kumar and Joshi (1978) reported that the application of the SCBSA to the three-dimensional simple cubic systems yielded some unphysical features. It is, however, shown that the authors do not encounter any such difficulty throughout the present investigation if they pay attention to computational accuracy.
Cobot implementation of virtual paths and 3-D virtual surfaces (2003)

Cobots are devices for human/robot interaction, in which axes of motion are coupled to one another by computer-controlled continuously variable transmissions rather than individually driven by servomotors. We have recently built a cobot with a three-dimensional workspace and a 3-revolute parallelogram-type mechanism. Here we present the control methods for the display of virtual surfaces and for free mode in which the cobot endpoint moves as if it were unconstrained. We provide experimental results on the performance of the free, virtual path, and virtual surface controllers.
Utilisation raisonnable des gonadotrophines exogènes dans le contrôle de la reproduction (2005)

peer reviewed
Distortion analysis during power transfer using correlation techniques (1989)

The analysis of power systems, under conditions of contaminated loading and excitation functions, cannot be unambiguously characterized or categorized with current analysis techniques, usually based on Fourier analysis techniques. Correlation techniques are proposed to be effective in the analysis of power transfer in systems where the relationship between loading and excitation functions is non-linear. This analysis technique is proposed in different energy systems, as for example electric and mechanical systems. Typical examples of distortion in power transfer are described, showing practical results and simulations of analysis in electric power networks.
Highly conserved influenza A sequences as T cell epitopes-based vaccine targets to address the viral variability (2011)

Vaccines are the only proven effective method for prevention of human infectious diseases. Almost all traditional vaccines require activating immunological memory B cells to secrete neutralizing antibodies against invading pathogens. The complication with influenza viruses is the high viral mutation rate that results in immune escape through modification of the B cell epitopes. Studies of T-cell immunity to influenza infection provide an alternative vaccine strategy based on highly conserved T-cell epitopes. In this review, we discuss the importance of T cell-mediated immunity in influenza infection and the need for a targeted vaccine approach focused on highly conserved T-cell epitopes to mitigate immune escape. We propose 15 highly conserved pan-influenza sequences as possible T cell epitopes-based vaccine targets for broad protection and lasting immunity against variant influenza strains.
Observations on the Propagation of <em>Taxus globosa</em> Schltdl. (2003)

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Oil Recovery Using Micellar Solutions (1968)

A new oil-recovery method utilizes micellar solutions to displace oil by a miscible-type mechanism. This feature, combined with the capability of controlling the mobility of fluids subsequently injected, results in high recovery efficiencies. This recovery technique is applicable to reservoirs in either secondary or tertiary condition. A slug of micellar solution is injected into a reservoir, followed by a bank of thickened water to prevent premature breakthrough of the final drive water. These micellar solutions are surfactant-stabilized dispersions of oil and water, and may also contain small quantities of other additives. Laboratory flooding results have shown that small pore volume slugs of micellar solutions are very efficient in recovering oil. Field testing has proved technical feasibility. Additional testing is under way to determine economic parameters and suitable types of reservoirs. (31 refs.)
Toppling failure (2017)

This chapter discusses a different failure mode—that of toppling, which involves rotation of columns or blocks of rock about a fixed base. R. E. Goodman and J. Bray have described a number of different types of toppling failures that may be encountered in the field. The computer model illustrates a typical feature of toppling failures in which the tension cracks are wider at the top than at the base. Similar to the plane and wedge failures, the stability analysis of toppling failures involves, first, carrying out a kinematic analysis of the structural geology to identify potential toppling conditions, and then, if the condition exists, performing a stability analysis specific to toppling failures. The chapter describes the potential for toppling can be assessed from two kinematic tests. These tests examine first the shape of the block, and second the relationship between the dip of the planes forming the slabs and the face angle.
Thermomechanical Finite Element Analysis of Problems in Electronic Packaging Using the Disturbed State Concept: Part 1—Theory and Formulation (1998)

Accurate prediction of the thermomechanical cyclic behavior of joints and interfaces in semiconductor devices is essential for their reliable design. In order to understand and predict the behavior of such interfaces there is a need for improved and unified constitutive models that can include elastic, inelastic, viscous, and temperature dependent microstructural behavior. Furthermore, such unified material models should be implemented in finite element procedures so as to yield accurate and reliable predictions of stresses, strains, deformations, microcracking, damage, and number of cycles to failure due to thermomechanical loading. The main objective of this paper is to present implementation of such an unified constitutive model in a finite element procedure and its application to typical problems in electronic packaging; details of the constitutive model are given by Desai et al. (1995). Details of the theoretical formulation is presented in this Part 1, while its applications and validations are presented in Part 2, Basaran et al. (1998).
Impact of pump depletion on the determination of the Brillouin gain frequency in distributed fiber sensors (2011)

The energy transfer between the two interacting optical waves in a distributed sensor based on stimulated Brillouin scattering can lead to a non-uniform spectral distribution of the pumping power after a long propagation. This results in a spectrally distorted gain that biases the determination of the maximum gain frequency. A quantitative analytical model gives an expression for the tolerable pump power change keeping the maximum bias within a given accuracy.
An analysis and optimization of elliptical RF probes used in magnetic resonance imaging (1996)

In magnetic resonance imaging of the entire body, it is often desirable to use an elliptical RF probe, rather than a circular one. As an ellipse more closely conforms to the anatomical cross section of the human thorax and head, better filling factors and therefore improved signal-to-noise ratios may be achieved by the use of elliptical RF coils. The probe is usually of bird-cage type, but the rungs are of finite width due to the high-frequency signals involved. This paper presents a method for computing the magnetic fields produced inside elliptical probes, and the current distributions on the rungs. A slotted shield is assumed to surround the probe, and its influence on field homogeneity is studied. In particular, the currents in a 16-runged unshielded elliptical coil of practical interest were determined optimally in one case, using simulated annealing to optimize the homogeneity of the magnetic field within the probe. The effects of a segmented shield of both elliptical and circular cross section on this coil are discussed, and the results are confirmed by experiment.
Dorsal Striatal Size, Shape, and Metabolic Rate in Never-Medicated and Previously Medicated Schizophrenics Performing a Verbal Learning Task (1998)

The findings are consistent with reports of striatal enlargement in previously medicated patients and size increases after neuroleptic treatment. Never-medicated patients, in contrast, had ventral striatal structures that were smaller and less active than those observed in controls and previously medicated patients.
SU‐GG‐T‐323: Verification of the Accuracy of the Proton Range Compensator Scatter Factor and Dose within Inhomogeneity Calculations Using the Eclipse Treatment Planning System (2010)

Purpose : To determine the accuracy of the proton range compensator scatter factor (CSF) and dose near inhomogeneity calculations in the Eclipse Treatment Planning System version 8.1 (TPS). Method and Materials : A head phantom was constructed that contains bone‐equivalent structures as well as several channels designed for ion chamber placement. A plan was created in Eclipse using the CT scan of the phantom that calculated dose at several selected reference points. Ion chamber measurements were made with a .125 cc cylindrical Farmer chamber at the same locations in the Eclipse plan. Measurements and calculations in water‐equivalent phantoms were made with and without compensator for clinical patient plans to determine CSF. Results : The measured doses at the selected points in a low dose gradient region were found to be within 1 to 6% of those from TPS. Dose comparisons between measured and Eclipse estimated dose for points lying closer than 1cm from the bone‐equivalent material/water interface, gave dose estimates that were 11% to 14% lower than measured values. The distance to agreement were within the range uncertainties associated with CT number stopping power calibration. In addition, in a homogeneous phantom we calculated the compensator scatter factors (CSF) by taking the ratio of the verification plan dose without the compensator at the samewater to the verification plan dose without the compensator at the same water equivalent depth for 4 clinical patients. We calculated CSF values for these patients between 0.965 and 1.062; compensator and patient scatter factors (CPSF) values from 0.983 to 1.068 and patient scatter factors (PSF) ranging from 0.97 to 1.019. Conclusions : Our measurements indicate that Eclipse reasonably estimates dose within 6% of measurements at regions near the CAX approximately 1cm or further from sharp inhomogeneities.
The Reaction of the Cyclooctatetraenyl Dianion with <i>gem</i>-Dihalides. The Addition of Alkyl Carbenes to Cyclooctatetraene (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of the Cyclooctatetraenyl Dianion with gem-Dihalides. The Addition of Alkyl Carbenes to CyclooctatetraeneThomas J. Katz and Peter J. GarrattCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 22, 4876–4879Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01076a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01076a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views191Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Effect of Mucosal and Serosal Solution Cations on Bioelectric Properties of the Isolated Toad Bladder (1965)

The spontaneous transtissue potential and the DC conductance of the isolated toad bladder were measured when the tissue was exposed to sulfate Ringer's solutions of modified ionic composition. Na(+) was replaced to varying extents by (C(2)H(5))(3)NH(+), (C(2)H(5))(4)N(+), Li(+), Cs(+), K(+), or Rb(+). Reversible and irreversible changes were observed. The reversible changes were consistent with equations derived from the Nernst-Planck diffusion equation, and gave the following functional description of the bladder: (a) the potential measurements were compatible with two membranes in series; (b) the mucosal surface was more permeable to Na(+) than to other monovalent cations; (c) the serosal surface was permeable to both K(+) and Na(+) but preferentially to K(+); (d) the rate of Na(+) diffusion across the mucosal membrane appeared to approach a maximum but two alternative interpretations are discussed; (e) the conductance data were consistent with the assumption of a constant concentration gradient for the penetrating ions within the membrane (Henderson's assumption) provided suitable hypotheses are made concerning the Na(+) distribution between the membrane surfaces and the bulk phases of the adjacent solutions; (f) the conductance and spontaneous potential data suggested that the mucosal membranes of a small fraction of the epithelial cells were more permeable than the mucosal membranes of the majority of these cells. The irreversible changes were almost entirely associated with cation substitution in the serosal solution. However, Li(+) produced an irreversible fall in voltage when added to either side of the tissue.
Tilting of trucks: a driver education system and warning system (1996)

To reduce the risk of tilting, TNO has developed a tilt warning system for commercial vehicles. This system is able to monitor vehicle weight, lateral acceleration and velocity during normal operation. The system CPU is constantly comparing the measured lateral acceleration to a calculated limit value. It can be connected to a PC, providing the opportunity to on-line or off-line analyze trip data. The system has proven itself as a useful educational and off-line warning tool for commercial vehicle drivers. TNO has patented the system.
Fractional Brownian motion of an Al nanosphere in liquid Al–Si alloy under electron-beam irradiation (2004)

Fractional forces and Brownian motion are expected to govern the behavior of nanoscale metallic solids in liquids, but such systems have not been studied. We investigated the motion of a crystalline Al nanosphere inside a partially molten Al–Si alloy particle, using an electron beam to both stimulate and observe the motion of the nanosphere. The irregular motion observed was quantified as antipersistant fractional Brownian motion. Analysis of possible phenomena contributing to the motion demonstrates that the incident electrons provide the fractional force that moves the Al nanosphere and that gravity and the oxide shell on the partially molten particle cause the antipersistant behavior.
Suppression of Cobalt Silicide Agglomeration Using Nitrogen (N ) Implantation (1998)

In this paper, the effects of nitrogen coimplantation with boron into p -poly gate in PMOSFET's on the agglom- eration effects of CoSi are studied. The thermal stability of CoSi /poly-Si stacked layers can be significantly improved by using nitrogen implantation. Samples with 40-nm Cobalt Silicide (CoSi ) on 210-nm poly-Si implanted by /cm N are thermally stable above 950 C for 30 s in N ambient. If the dose of nitrogen is increased up to /cm , the sheet resistance of CoSi film is not increased at all, and TEM photographs show that the agglomeration of CoSi film is completely suppressed.
Models for Disease Progression: New Approaches and Uses (2012)

Disease-progression models are useful tools in drug development. They increase the information obtained from clinical trials, improve study designs, and allow in silico evaluations of new treatment combinations and dose regimens. Disease-progression modeling can save time and strengthen "go/no-go" criteria. The use of meta-based modeling and the linking of disease progression to discrete clinical end points have improved the utility of this valuable approach. This article provides an overview of disease-progression evaluations using these new approaches.
Noninvasive Investigations in Vascular Disease (1998)

Tests for peripheral vascular diseases tests for cerebrovascular diseases renal artery stenosis intestinal ischaemia aneurysms venous diseases other vascular problems, malformations and tumours surveillance vascular screening other applications of noninvasive vascular investigations other nonvascular applications points to consider in noninvasive investigations.