gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of cancer-associated fibroblasts, solid stress and other microenvironmental factors in tumor progression and therapy resistance (2014)

Tumors are not merely masses of neoplastic cells but complex tissues composed of cellular and noncellular elements. This review provides recent data on the main components of a dynamic system, such as carcinoma associated fibroblasts that change the extracellular matrix (ECM) topology, induce stemness and promote metastasis-initiating cells. Altered production and characteristics of collagen, hyaluronan and other ECM proteins induce increased matrix stiffness. Stiffness along with tumor growth-induced solid stress and increased interstitial fluid pressure contribute to tumor progression and therapy resistance. Second, the role of immune cells, cytokines and chemokines is outlined. We discuss other noncellular characteristics of the tumor microenvironment such as hypoxia and extracellular pH in relation to neoangiogenesis. Overall, full understanding of the events driving the interactions between tumor cells and their environment is of crucial importance in overcoming treatment resistance and improving patient outcome.
Non-stitch triple patterning-aware routing based on conflict graph pre-coloring (2015)

Considering decomposition constraints earlier during routing becomes critical for realizing triple patterning lithography. In addition, stitches typically cause significant yield loss because of the overlay errors among different masks. As a result, leading foundries even get rid of the use of stitches in their design methodology. In order to completely avoid stitch-induced yield loss, we address the non-stitch triple patterning-aware routing problem. We observe that directly extending a state-of-the-art triple patterning-aware routing work to non-stitch routing might generate improper self-crossing nets and degrade routing quality due to sequential coloring for mask selection. To resolve these problems, we propose a new graph model to prevent self-crossing nets during routing and use a weighted conflict graph to globally consider net coloring. We then propose the first non-stitch triple patterning-aware routing scheme, which consists of two main stages: (1) conflict graph pre-coloring followed by (2) pre-coloring-based non-stitch routing. Experimental results show the effectiveness and efficiency of our routing scheme.
Effect of Fermented Milk (Yogurt) Containing<i>Lactobacillus Acidophilus</i>L1 on Serum Cholesterol in Hypercholesterolemic Humans (1999)

Since every 1% reduction in serum cholesterol concentration is associated with an estimated 2% to 3% reduction in risk for coronary heart disease, regular intake of FM containing an appropriate strain of L. acidophilus has the potential of reducing risk for coronary heart disease by 6 to 10%.
Control of Texas Panicum (<i>Panicum texanum</i>) and Southern Crabgrass (<i>Digitaria ciliaris</i>) in Peanuts (<i>Arachis hypogaea</i>) with Postemergence Herbicides1 (1991)

Abstract Clethodim, cycloxydim, haloxyfop, fluazifop-P, fenoxaprop, and quizalofop were applied early or late postemergence to Texas panicum (Panicum texanum Buckl.) and southern crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel.) in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.). Clethodim at 0.11 and 0.14 kg/ha, cycloxydim at 0.11 and 0.17, and fluazifop-P at 0.17 and 0.21 kg/ha provided excellent Texas panicum control. Fluazifop-P provided erratic southern crabgrass control, while clethodim, cycloxydim, haloxyfop, fenoxaprop at 0.22 kg/ha, and quizalofop at 0.14 kg/ha provided excellent southern crabgrass control. Yields of peanuts were usually higher following early postemergence application, thus indicating the timing of application is important in improving yields.
Fast Fingerprint Verification Using Subregions of Fingerprint Images (2004)

We propose a fast fingerprint matching methodology based on localizing the matching regions in captured fingerprint images. The determination of the locations of such regions relies on the accurate detection of reference points in the images together with a priori knowledge of the complete fingerprint obtained during the fingerprint enrollment procedure. The relationship between authentication reliability and region size is studied experimentally. Results show that sufficiently accurate fingerprint matching can be achieved using very small bitmaps, making it possible to implement very fast fingerprint authentication systems using relatively slow embedding processors.
Clinical evaluation of ColdSpor, a glutaraldehyde-phenolic disinfectant. (1991)

The concentration of components of the glutaraldehyde-phenolic solution maintained bactericidal activity for as long as 30 days. The solution produced no apparent physical change in equipment and was subjectively acceptable to those processing equipment.
Respect the unstable (2003)

Control engineers often design feedback control systems for inherently unstable systems, to keep them operating safely. In such cases, there are fundamental limitations on the achievable sensitivity function. The article discusses the potentially serious consequences of sensitivity constraints, input saturation, and instability. Inadequacies of control systems in such cases have led to deaths.
Genetic Transformation of Rifampicin Resistance in Lactobacillus acidophilus (1986)

Lactobacillus acidophilus strain 100-33, originally isolated from swine faeces, was transformed to rifampicin resistance with DNA from spontaneous rifampicin-resistant mutants derived from it. Cells of the recipient strain were treated with lysozyme and mutanolysin, mixed with donor DNA and polyethylene glycol and grown on a regeneration medium overnight. After 48 h incubation, the numbers of rifampicin-resistant cells in the populations of regenerated cells were estimated from numbers of colonies. Efficiency of the lysozyme/mutanolysin treatment (the ratio of the number of osmotically fragile cells after the enzyme treatment to the initial cell number) was about 99%. The regeneration frequency of the enzyme-treated cells varied from 5 to 67%. The transformation frequency varied from about 0.2 X 10(-8) to 8.0 X 10(-8) transformants per regenerated cell per microgram DNA. To our knowledge, this method for genetic transformation is the first to be reported for a Lactobacillus strain.
A histological processing technique that preserves the integrity of calcified tissues (bone, enamel), yolky amphibian embryos, and growth factor antigens in skeletal tissue. (1993)

We have devised a processing technique to embed calcified tissues, such as bone and tooth enamel, in paraffin, to preserve the delicate antigenic sites of molecules such as growth factors. The same technique, omitting the decalcification step, allows delicate tissues, such as axolotl embryos (Ambystoma mexicanum) containing large yolk masses, to be easily handled during tissue processing and to be serially sectioned. Specimens were all fixed in periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde (PLP) fixative at 5 degrees C. Bone and teeth were decalcified in an EDTA-G solution at -4 degrees C. Maintaining a temperature of 5 degrees C, the decalcified samples were then washed (with PBS, pH 7.2, under vacuum) to remove glycerol. Both the decalcified tissues and the yolky embryos were dehydrated through an ascending series of isopropanol and embedded in low melting-point paraffin under vacuum. Acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) was located in cells of the expanded cambial layer in the early fracture calluses of male CD-1 mice, demonstrating retention of antigenic sites. The results reported here have not previously been obtained with existing processing and embedding techniques.
YBCO thin-films current-carrying elements on metallic substrates (1995)

Electron-microscopic investigations about growing YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-/spl delta// films on monocrystalline Ni substrates with buffer layers of MgO have been carried out. The condition, under which the forming epitaxial YBCO films with T/sub c/(R=0)=85 K, and j/sub c/(H=0.77 K)/spl ap/ 2/spl times/10/sup 5/A/cm/sup 2/ are proceeding, has been determined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cyclic AMP and Cyclic GMP Production in Normal and Psoriatic Epidermis (1982)

cAMP and cGMP production was determined in normal and psoriatic (involved or uninvolved) epidermis. After homogenization, epidermal strips were incubated with saturating concentrations of ATP or GTP, respectively, for cAMP and cGMP production. Cyclic nucleotides were measured by radioimmunoassay before and after 5, 10, 20 min of incubation. The kinetics of cAMP and cGMP production were linear during the 20 min of incubation. Comparison of normal skin, uninvolved and involved psoriatic skin, prior to and after 20 min of incubation showed the following results: cAMP levels were significantly higher in normal skin than in psoriatic skin at zero time (p less than 0.01) and after incubation (p less than 0.05). cGMP levels were not significantly different in the three tissues at zero time. After incubation, psoriatic involved epidermis exhibited a higher production of cGMP than normal skin (p less than 0.05). Thus, the ratio cAMP/cGMP was higher in normal skin than in psoriatic skin at the basic level (p less than 0.05) and after incubation (p less than 0.01). These results indicate an imbalance in cyclic nucleotides metabolism in psoriatic skin without a significant difference between uninvolved and involved epidermis.
Décret concernant la reprise des fonctions de président et accusateur public du tribunal criminel de la Mayenne, par les citoyens Bazille et Midy, lors de la séance du 6 brumaire an III (27 octobre 1794) (2000)

Bar Jean-Etienne. Décret concernant la reprise des fonctions de président et accusateur public du tribunal criminel de la Mayenne, par les citoyens Bazille et Midy, lors de la séance du 6 brumaire an III (27 octobre 1794). In: Tome C - Du 3 au 18 brumaire an III (24 octobre au 8 novembre 1794) p. 125.
EMS-vision: gaze control in autonomous vehicles (2002)

The paper describes an approach to an optimal gaze control system for autonomous vehicles. This gaze control system should not only determine the viewing direction ad hoc for the present moment, but also plan and optimize the viewing behavior in advance for a certain period of time. For planning the viewing behavior the situation must be predicted. The expression 'situation' includes not only the physical situation, but also the so-called perceptive situation and subjective situation. The perceptive situation takes the present perception status, the present knowledge and the perception capabilities of the autonomous vehicle into consideration. The subjective situation contains locomotion tasks, status of vehicle sensors and actuators and subjective meanings of external objects resulting from the own point of view. For simulating the situation, the states and variances of all objects must be predicted. In the system for EMS-Vision, parts of the gaze control unit are already implemented and tested in both UBM test vehicles VaMoRs and VaMP. The embedding of the gaze control unit in the EMS-Vision architecture is discussed.
Near-infrared spectra of the NaK molecule (1985)

In this paper we present near-infrared absorption, thermal emission, and laser-induced fluorescence spectra obtained in high density sodium–potassium mixtures. These spectra are compared to spectra calculated from recently published NaK potentials and dipole moments and the agreement is seen to be quite good. We have also observed significant laser-induced fluorescence to the red of the 2 1∑+ → 1 1∑+ NaK band (A band). From laser power and density dependences of this long-wavelength fluorescence, as well as from comparison to calculated spectra, we have tentatively identified this emission as the lowest NaK triplet band 1 3∏ → 1 3∑+ which has not previously been reported. We have also observed a shoulder or satellite feature in potassium vapor under similar conditions. It is possible that this is a potassium trimer emission band.
Surface Uptake and Intercalation of Fluorescein Anions into Zn−Al−Hydrotalcite. Photophysical Characterization of Materials Obtained (2000)

The xanthene dye fluorescein was immobilized, via anion-exchange reactions, in the interlayer region and/or on the surface of a synthetic Zn−Al hydrotalcite, prepared by the thermal hydrolysis of urea. Surface uptake was investigated by equilibrating [Zn0.67Al0.33(OH)2] [CO3]0.165 0.4 H2O with diluted solutions of fluorescein disodium salt. Only carbonates present on the surface of microcrystals were exchanged by fluoresceinate anions to reach a maximum uptake of 50 μmol/g. Intercalation compounds were obtained by equilibrating the perchlorate form of hydrotalcite [Zn0.67Al0.33(OH)2] [ClO4]0.33 0.6 H2O (interlayer distance 11.0 Å) with 10-2 mol/dm3 fluorescein disodium salt solution. Intercalation of fluoresceinate anions occurs with a first-order phase transition from the ClO4- phase to a phase containing 0.11 mol of fluoresceinate per mol of the host and an interlayer distance of 16.5 Å. The materials were characterized by chemical and thermal analysis and by X-ray powder diffraction and FT-IR techniques. Computer models based on the structure of the host, the composition and interlayer distance of the intercalation compound, and the van der Waals dimensions of the guest showed that fluorescein anions are incorporated in the interlayer region as a bilayer of species, with the main axis parallel to the layer plane. We performed the photophysical characterization by determining the absorption, excitation, and fluorescence spectra and the fluorescence lifetimes of the dye in different experimental conditions. The emission properties of the guest adsorbed or intercalated in the inorganic host were compared to those of the dye as a pure solid or in solution. Diffuse reflectance laser flash photolysis experiments allowed us to determine the absorption spectra and decay lifetimes of the triplet state of the dye bound to the inorganic matrix. A description of the guest arrangement and the type of interaction with the hydrotalcite is based on the structural and photophysical characteristics of these materials. This description is in agreement with the computer model based on the structure of the host and the dimensions of the guest.
Dual band phased array antenna design for radar applications (2001)

Details are given of the important aspects that need to be addressed during the design of dual band phased array antennas. Possible array and element configurations are offered. A novel interleaved dipole array is introduced with measured results given for a small test array.
Chemosterilization of Screwworm Flies:1 Modification of Action by Temperature (1973)

Adult male Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) were immersed 5 seconds in either watcr or 0.5% N,N'-tetramethylenebis(1-aziridine carboxamide), held at 15°, 27°, or 35°C until half the flies died; the survivors were then mated with untreated virgin females. Exposure to 15° or 35°C reduced the fertility of chemosterilant-treated males more than exposure to 27°C; exposure to 15°C also reduced the fertility of water-treated males.
Design of a Pulsed Eddy-Current Test Equipment with Digital Signal Analysis (1981)

Test equipment was designed for investigations on the application of the pulsed eddy-current method on the detection of subsurface defects in thicker components or layers. The evaluation of the signals delivered by the coil system is performed in four single channels with different sampling delays or by plotting the signal time shape. The measured values are digitized and stored within the memory of a minicomputer for data processing. The coil systems are dimensioned in such a manner that the desired sensitivity was obtained for a defect depth range of about 10 mm in austenitic materials. The determination of the time of the signal zero crossing gives information concerning the defect distance from the surface.
Using Different Cost Functions to Train Stacked Auto-Encoders (2013)

Deep neural networks comprise several hidden layers of units, which can be pre-trained one at a time via an unsupervised greedy approach. A whole network can then be trained (fine-tuned) in a supervised fashion. One possible pre-training strategy is to regard each hidden layer in the network as the input layer of an auto-encoder. Since auto-encoders aim to reconstruct their own input, their training must be based on some cost function capable of measuring reconstruction performance. Similarly, the supervised fine-tuning of a deep network needs to be based on some cost function that reflects prediction performance. In this work we compare different combinations of cost functions in terms of their impact on layer-wise reconstruction performance and on supervised classification performance of deep networks. We employed two classic functions, namely the cross-entropy (CE) cost and the sum of squared errors (SSE), as well as the exponential (EXP) cost, inspired by the error entropy concept. Our results were based on a number of artificial and real-world data sets.
Cu(<scp>ii</scp>)/Cu(0)@UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub>: base metal@MOFs as heterogeneous catalysts for olefin oxidation and reduction (2016)

Two copper-loaded MOF materials, namely Cu(ii)@Ui-O-66-NH<sub>2</sub> (1) and Cu(0)@UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub> (2), are reported. They can, respectively, serve as highly efficient heterogeneous catalysts for olefin oxidation and hydrogenation under mild conditions. Complete styrene hydrogenation occurs in 15 min at ambient temperature with quantitative yield.
Identifying Contradictory and Contrastive Relations between Statements to Outline Web Information on a Given Topic (2010)

We present a method for producing a bird’s-eye view of statements that are ex-pressed on Web pages on a given topic. This method aggregates statements that are relevant to the topic, and shows con-tradictory and contrastive relations among them. This view of contradictions and contrasts helps users acquire a top-down understanding of the topic. To realize this, we extract such statements and re-lations, including cross-document implicit contrastive relations between statements, in an unsupervised manner. Our experi-mental results indicate the effectiveness of our approach. 1
Absorptive properties of synovium harvested from the carpal tunnel (2002)

Ischemia-induced reperfusion injury seems to play an important role in the pathophysiology of "idiopathic" carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The common final pathway in this developmental sequence is thought to be an intermittent increase in interstitial pressure, leading to degenerative changes in the flexor tenosynovium and fibrotic changes in the perineural tissue. We hypothesize that this concurrently leads to alteration in the physical properties of the synovium, leading to its rapid and persistent swelling. A prospective study was conducted on synovial tissue obtained from 27 CTS patients. The in vitro synovial absorption rate of CTS patients was significantly higher in the first hour compared to controls (n = 7). This difference was maintained up to 5-6 h, albeit at a slower rate. Rapid absorption and retention of fluid by the synovium led to increased interstitial pressure and nerve compression, resulting in early and persistent manifestation of symptoms in sensitized patients.
A Uniform Resource Name (URN) Namespace for the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) (2008)

This document describes a Uniform Resource Name Namespace
Identification (URN NID) for the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO). This URN NID is intended for use for the
identification of persistent resources published by the ISO standards
body (including documents, document metadata, extracted resources such
as standard schemata and standard value sets, and other resources).
This memo provides information for the Internet community.
A Noradrenergic and Serotonergic Hypothesis of the Linkage Between Epilepsy and Affective Disorders (1999)

Noradrenergic and/or serotonergic deficits, as well as other abnormalities, may contribute to predisposition to some epilepsies and depressions. Evidence for this hypothesis stems from several sources. Epidemiological investigations are intriguing but incomplete. Pharmacological studies show that noradrenergic and/or serotonergic transmission are both anticonvulsant and antidepressant. Therapeutically pertinent investigations show that antidepressant drugs have anticonvulsant properties, whereas antiepileptic drugs are effective in the management of affective disorders. Additional investigations demonstrate that seizures, whether spontaneously occurring or therapeutically induced, protect against depression. Through studies of innate pathophysiology, noradrenergic and serotonergic deficits have been identified in individuals with depression and in animal models of epilepsy, as well as in some humans with epilepsy. Vagal nerve stimulation, a treatment already known to be effective in the epilepsies, is presently under investigation for effectiveness in affective disorder. New evidence suggests that vagal nerve stimulation exerts at least some of its therapeutic effects through its capacity to increase noradrenergic and serotonergic transmission. Finally, emerging evidence supports the concept that some genetic mammalian models of the human epilepsies exhibit analogous manifestations of depression.
A neural network shortest path algorithm for optimum routing in packet-switched communications networks (2002)

The authors consider the application of neural networks to the optimum routing problem in packet-switched communications networks, where the goal is to minimize the network-wide average time delay. Under appropriate assumptions it is shown that the optimum routing algorithm relies heavily on shortest path computations, which have to be carried out in real time. For this purpose an efficient neural network shortest path algorithm based on the Hopfield model is proposed, which is an improved version of previously suggested neural algorithms. The general principles involved in the design of the proposed neural network are discussed. The computational power of the proposed neural model is demonstrated through computer simulations. It is noted that the neural network approach will enable the communications engineer to benefit from the inherent features of neural networks, namely a potential for high computation power and speed, a high degree of robustness and fault tolerance, low power consumption, and real-time operation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics: Developed with Especial Reference to the Rational Foundation of Thermodynamics (1960)

Josiah Willard Gibbs (1839–1903) was the greatest American mathematician and physicist of the nineteenth century. He played a key role in the development of vector analysis (his book on this topic is also reissued in this series), but his deepest work was in the development of thermodynamics and statistical physics. This book, Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics, first published in 1902, gives his mature vision of these subjects. Mathematicians, physicists and engineers familiar with such things as Gibbs entropy, Gibbs inequality and the Gibbs distribution will find them here discussed in Gibbs' own words
In Vitro and In Vivo Antitumor Activity of a Novel pH-Activated Polymeric Drug Delivery System for Doxorubicin (2012)

Results from these in vivo experiments were consistent with our in vitro results; suggested this pH-triggered PEG-hyd-DOX conjugate could target DOX to tumor tissues and release free drugs by acidic tumor environment, which would be potent in antitumor drug delivery.