gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and some properties of diamine oxidase from pig kidney and human placenta. (1976)

1. A homogeneous preparation of pig kidney diamine oxidase was obtained by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunodiffusion. Its molecular weight was estimated as 170,000 by Sephadex G-200 column chromatography and as 220,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis. After mercaptoethanol cleavage of disulfide bonding, the molecular weight of the subunit was 130,000. 2. Little contamination was observed in the preparation of human placenta by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis and the molecular weight was calculated as 30008000 and 280,000 by the extrapolation from the calibration curve of Sephadex G-200 column chromatography and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively. The subunit was 170,000. 3. By immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis and inhibition test of the enzyme activity using a heterologous antiserum, a good cross-reactivity was observed between the anti-human diamine oxidase serum and pig diamine oxidase. 4. The activities of the two enzymes were not almost inhibited by homologous and heterologous antisera.
Effects of dispersed particulates on the rheology of water ice at planetary conditions (1992)

We have investigated the effects of initial grain size and hard particulate impurities on the transient and steady state flow of water ice I at laboratory conditions selected to provide more quantitative constraints on the thermomechanical evolution of the giant icy moons of the outer solar system. Our samples were molded with particulate volume fractions, ϕ, of 0.001 to 0.56 and particle sizes of 1 to 150 μm. Deformation experiments were conducted at constant shortening rates of 4.4 × 10 −7 to 4.9 × 10 −4 s −1 at pressures of 50 and 100 MPa and temperatures 77 to 223 K. For the pure ice samples, initial grain sizes were 0.2–0.6 mm, 0.75–1.75 mm, and 1.25–2.5 mm. Stress‐strain curves of pure ice I under these conditions display a strength maximum σ u at plastic strains ε ≤ 0.01 after initial yield, followed by strain softening and achievement of steady state levels of stress, σ ss , at ε = 0.1 to 0.2. Finer starting grain size in pure ice generally raises the level of σ u . Petrography indicates that the initial transient flow behavior is associated with the nucleation and growth of recrystallized ice grains and the approach to σ ss evidently corresponds to the development of a steady state grain texture. Effects of particulate concentrations ϕ < 0.1 are slight. At these concentrations, a small but significant reduction in σ u with respect to that for pure water ice occurs. Mixed‐phase ice with ϕ ≥ 0.1 is significantly stronger than pure ice; the strength of samples with ϕ = 0.56 approaches that of dry confined sand. The magnitude of the strengthening effect is far greater than expected from homogeneous strain‐rate enhancement in the ice fraction or from pinning of dislocations (Orowan hardening). This result suggests viscous drag occurs in the ice as it flows around the hard particulates. Mixed‐phase ice is also tougher than pure ice, extending the range of bulk plastic deformation versus faulting to lower temperatures and higher strain rates. The high‐pressure phase ice II formed in ϕ = 0.56 mixed‐phase ice during deformation at high stresses. Bulk planetary compositions of ice + rock (ϕ = 0.4–0.5) are roughly 2 orders of magnitude more viscous than pure ice, promoting the likelihood of thermal instability inside giant icy moons and possibly explaining the retention of crater topography on icy planetary surfaces.
Bayesian Modeling in Virtual High Throughput Screening (2009)

Naïve Bayesian classifiers are a relatively recent addition to the arsenal of tools available to computational chemists. These classifiers fall into a class of algorithms referred to broadly as machine learning algorithms. Bayesian classifiers may be used in conjunction with classical modeling techniques to assist in the rapid virtual screening of large compound libraries in a systematic manner with a minimum of human intervention. This approach allows computational scientists to concentrate their efforts on their core strengths of model building. Bayesian classifiers have an added advantage of being able to handle a variety of numerical or binary data such as physicochemical properties or molecular fingerprints, making the addition of new parameters to existing models a relatively straightforward process. As a result, during a drug discovery project these classifiers can better evolve with the needs of the projects from general models in the lead finding stages to increasingly precise models in the lead optimization stages that are of particular interest to a specific medicinal chemistry team. Although other machine learning algorithms abound, Bayesian classifiers have been shown to compare favorably under most working conditions and have been shown to be tolerant of noisy experimental data.
Synthesis of 1,4,7-triazacyclononane pendant-armed chelators and their metal complexes (2010)

Pendant-armed cyclic polyamines have been demonstrated to be promising ligands for the development of new metal-based radiopharmaceuticals for positron-emission tomography (PET). Macrocyclic polyamines bearing pendant arms can effectively bind specific metals with suitable complexation kinetics and stability while attached to a tumor-targeting vector or peptide. 64Cu-radiolabeled peptides containing the chelator 1,4,7-triazacyclononane 1,4,7-triacetate have been shown to possess superior properties which overcome commonly observed problems such as demetallation and accumulation of the radio-metal in non-targeted tissues. To model these radiolabeled bioconjugates and to gain insight into this observed bio-stability, the synthesis of a copper (II) complex of a new triazacyclononane derivative containing one amide and two acetate groups (NOAM2A) has been performed. Studies of its acid inertness and electrochemistry behavior have been investigated. Complementary, copper (II) complexes of other triazacyclononane intermediates have also been explored.
Quantitative DNA analysis of fresh solid tumors by flow and image cytometric methods: a comparison using the Roche Pathology Workstation Image Analyzer. (1995)

The clinical utility of DNA ploidy and cell cycle parameters as prognostic indicators has been demonstrated for selected malignant tumors. Previous quantitative DNA analysis studies have used various tumor sample preparation methods and analyzers. We undertook a pilot study to compare the results of DNA analysis of fresh solid tumors by flow cytometry with the new Roche Pathology Workstation Image Analyzer. Flow cytometric DNA analysis was done on cell suspensions of fine needle aspirates from fresh tumor specimens and analyzed for ploidy and cell cycle statistics with a Becton-Dickinson FACScan Analyzer, using a rectangular model. Small aliquots from these same aspirates were prepared as direct cytologic smears and Feulgen stained for DNA analysis with the Roche Image Analyzer. Additional smears were stained with Diff-Quik for morphologic correlation with DNA histograms. The study group consisted of 40 malignant neoplasms. There was a high correlation between the flow and image DNA indices (R = 0.93, slope = 1.0036, P < 0.001) but a weaker relationship between the flow and image estimated S-phase fractions (R = 0.57, slope = 0.5401, P < 0.01). DNA ploidy categorization for the two methods was concordant in 30 (75%) cases, discordant in seven (17.5%) cases, and equivocal in three (7.5%) cases. In our experience, quantitative DNA analysis of fresh tumor aspirates by flow and image cytometric methods yielded comparable and/or complementary results, with each method having certain advantages and disadvantages. Proposed reasons for false and true discordances and an approach for evaluation are discussed.
The synthesis of a polydiacetylene to create a novel sensory material (2007)

Sensory materials that respond to chemical and mechanical stimuli are under development in many laboratories. There are many significant uses of polydiacetylene compounds as sensory material. They have been applied to drug delivery, drug design, biomolecule development, cosmetics, and national security. In this study, experiments were carried out toward the development of a novel sensory material based on the established synthetic research on polydiacetylene compounds. Synthetic routes toward sensory materials with different head groups, different carbon chains lengths, and the incorporation of molecular imprints were explored. Diacetylene moieties, which can be used for polymer vesicle formation, were prepared by two main routes. In one route, 1-iodo-1-octyne and 1-iodo-1-dodecyne were prepared as starting materials for the synthesis of two diacetylene compounds (Diacetylene I and Diacetylene II). In the other route, a mesityl alkyne was used to prepare 5-iodo-1-pentyne, which was then used to prepare a triethylamino alkyne. This in turn was used to synthesize a diacetylene (Diacetylene III). Although each diacetylene product was formed, purification by column chromatography was found to be difficult. Experiments in vesicle formation, with and without molecular imprints, were also carried out using commercially available diacetylenes .--Abstract from author supplied metadata.
Spectral moments of correlated Wishart matrices (2005)

We present an analytic method to determine the spectral properties of the covariance matrices constructed of correlated Wishart random matrices. The method gives, in the limit of large matrices, exact analytic relations between the spectral moments and the eigenvalue densities of the covariance matrices and their estimators. The results can be used in practice to extract the information about genuine correlations from the given experimental realization of random matrices.
Channel Estimation in Frequency Domain on IR-UWB TH System (2008)

The proposed estimation algorithm is based on the maximum-likelihood criterion of the sum of sequences and is applied to two different scenarios:either with known symbols(DA estimation)or with unknown symbols(NDA estimation).The effects of the estimation errors on the performance of receiver are assessed by simulation by comparing the receiver bit-error rate with either perfect channel estimates,general frequency domain estimates or imperfect estimates as obtained from the proposed algorithms.The results show that with the proposed algorithm,the performance can approach the same as that by general frequency domain algorithm as long as threshold for frequency estimates is set properly.
Signal Injection With Perceptual Criteria (1998)

In this paper, a novel method for increasing the coding performance and information transmission capacity is presented. This method is mainly based on perceptual modelling of input signal such as speech or audio. Presented approach may be seen as an alternative to transforms which dynamically change analysis window for better energy compaction. A perceptual model is established in order to obtain a global masking threshold in frequency below which sounds become inaudible. Certain criteria are developed for identifying the signal injection bands. A new multiband filter design method which is a generalization of windowing method is used to separate the inaudible spectrum. These spectral partitions are then used to send additional information. Under the condition that signal injection and synthesis after decoding is done appropriately, injected signal is not audible within the original audio signal. This type of signal injection is especially useful in audio coding and Digital Audio Broadcasting, (DAB).
Topological Queries On Graph-Structured Xml Data: Models And Implementations (2008)

In many applications, data is in graph structure, which can be naturally represented as graph-structured XML. Existing queries defined on tree-structured and graph-structured XML data mainly focus on subgraph matching, which can not cover all the requirements of querying on graph. In this paper, a new kind of queries, topological query on graph-structured XML is presented. This kind of queries consider not only the structure of subgraph but also the topological relationship between subgraphs. With existing subgraph query processing algorithms, efficient algorithms for topological query processing are designed. Experimental results show the efficiency of implementation algorithms.
Selective Removal of Cr(VI) Oxyanions with a New Anion Exchanger (1998)

Commercial anion exchangers are unable to selectively remove dissolved chromate or CrO42- at neutral to alkaline pH in the presence of other competing anions, namely, sulfate, chloride, bicarbonate, and nitrate. This study reports the results of a new anion exchanger, referred to as polymeric ligand exchanger or PLE, which shows very high chromate affinity under otherwise identical conditions. Laboratory results indicate that the PLE is also amenable to efficient regeneration and chemically stable in the presence of sorbed chromate species.
Male Sterility and Fertility Restoration in Crops (2013)

In plants, male sterility can be caused either by mitochondrial genes with coupled nuclear genes or by nuclear genes alone; the resulting conditions are known as cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and genic male sterility (GMS), respectively. CMS and GMS facilitate hybrid seed production for many crops and thus allow breeders to harness yield gains associated with hybrid vigor (heterosis). In CMS, layers of interaction between mitochondrial and nuclear genes control its male specificity, occurrence, and restoration of fertility. Environment-sensitive GMS (EGMS) mutants may involve epigenetic control by noncoding RNAs and can revert to fertility under different growth conditions, making them useful breeding materials in the hybrid seed industry. Here, we review recent research on CMS and EGMS systems in crops, summarize general models of male sterility and fertility restoration, and discuss the evolutionary significance of these reproductive systems.
Open insertion of right atrial catheters through the jugular veins. (1993)

A safe and effective method for placement of all types of long term Silastic right atrial catheters into the central veins by open cutdown is described. The certainty that the catheter can be passed in this way through either the external or internal jugular vein, using only one incision, allows the procedure to proceed smoothly and without interruption. Percutaneous attempts that have a higher complication rate and cephalic vein cut-downs that are unsuccessful because of inadequate vein caliber are thereby avoided.
Beneficial effects of Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas mendocina for biocontrol of Meloidogyne incognita with the endospore-forming bacterium Pasteuria penetrans (1999)

Abstract Two rhizosphere bacteria, Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas mendocina, were isolated from the rhizosphere of tomato plants growing in a soil heavily infested with both root-knot nematodes and the parasitoid endospore-forming bacterium Pasteuria penetrans. Bacteria E. cloacae and P. mendocina stimulated plant growth, inhibited the reproduction of the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, and increased the attachment of the endospores of P. penetrans on the nematodes in vitro. E. cloacae significantly increased the reproduction of P. penetrans in plant roots. Consequently, the introduction of such bacteria in soils, or cultural practices aimed to increase the activity of native strains of these bacteria, could greatly contribute to the efficiency of nematode biocontrol with P. penetrans. Stimulation de l'activite antagoniste de Pasteuria penetrans envers Meloidogyne incognita par Enterobacter cloacae et Pseudomonas mendocina - Deux bacteries rhizospheriques, Enterobacter cloacae et Pseudomonas mendocina, ont ete isolees a partir de la rhizosphere de plants de tomate preleves dans un sol tres infeste par des nematodes a galles et l'actinomycete Pasteuria penetrans. Les deux souches bacteriennes ont stimule la croissance de la plante, inhibe le developpement du nematode Meloidogyne incognita et augmente in vitro l'attachement des spores de P. penetrans sur la cuticule des nematodes. E. cloacae a significativement stimule la multiplication de P. penetrans dans les racines. En consequence, l'utilisation de telles bacteries pourrait ameliorer de maniere importante l'efficacite de P. penetrans contre les nematodes du genre Meloidogyne.
A Practical and Convenient Procedure for the N-Formylation of Amines Using Formic Acid (2002)

Despitethe usefulness of these reagents, such as high yields and mildconditions, they are less practical: they are either toxic orexpensive and the preparation and use of these reagentsrequire strictly anhydrous conditions. We now report a practical formylation procedure usingaqueous 85% formic acid. The reaction of amine withformic acid first appeared in 1955.
PASK (Proline-Alanine-rich STE20-related Kinase), a Regulatory Kinase of the Na-K-Cl Cotransporter (NKCC1) (2003)

Although the phosphorylation-dependent activation of the Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC1) has been previously well documented, the identity of the kinase(s) responsible for this regulation has proven elusive. Recently, Piechotta et al. (Piechotta, K., Lu, J., and Delpire, E. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 50812-50819) reported the binding of PASK (also referred as SPAK (STE20/SPS1-related proline-alanine-rich kinase)) and OSR1 (oxidative stress response kinase) to cation-chloride cotransporters KCC3, NKCC1, and NKCC2. In this report, we show that overexpression of a kinase inactive, dominant negative (DN) PASK mutant drastically reduces both shark (60 +/- 5%) and human (80 +/- 3%) NKCC1 activation. Overexpression of wild type PASK causes a small (sNKCC1 22 +/- 8% p < 0.05, hNKCC1 12 +/- 3% p < 0.01) but significant increase in shark and human cotransporter activity in HEK cells. Importantly, DNPASK also inhibits the phosphorylation of two threonines, contained in the previously described N-terminal regulatory domain. We additionally show the near complete restoration of NKCC1 activity in the presence of the protein phosphatase type 1 inhibitor calyculin A, demonstrating that DNPASK inhibition results from an alteration in kinase/phosphatase dynamics rather than from a decrease in functional cotransporter expression. Coimmunoprecipitation assays confirm PASK binding to NKCC1 in transfected HEK cells and further suggest that this binding is not a regulated event; neither PASK nor NKCC1 activity affects the association. In cells preloaded with 32Pi, the phosphorylation of PASK, but not DNPASK, coincides with that of NKCC1 and increases 5.5 +/- 0.36-fold in low [Cl]e. These data conclusively link PASK with the phosphorylation and activation of NKCC1.
Three-dimensional simple cubic woodpile photonic crystals made from chalcogenide glasses (2003)

Construction of three-dimensional photonic crystals for optical wavelengths presents many technological and material science challenges. The submicron-feature-size sculpturing must be performed in high-refractive-index materials. We present the fabrication and optical characterization of ∼750 nm feature-size simple cubic woodpile photonic crystals from As2S3 (n≈2.2). The process is based on interference lithography and the layer-by-layer construction.
Clara Cell Secretory Protein Oxidation and Expression in Premature Infants Who Develop Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (2001)

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease that affects prematurely born infants and appears to evolve in part from early inflammatory responses in the lung. The inflammatory responses have been associated with protein and lipid oxidation in tracheal aspirate fluids. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that in the first week of life specific oxidations and/ or altered expressions of proteins would be observed in tracheal aspirate fluids in infants who would subsequently develop BPD. We obtained tracheal aspirate fluids on Days of life 1, 3, and 6 from infants born at < or = 29 wk gestation, incubated the fluids with 2,4-dinitrophenylhyrazine (DNPH), separated the proteins electrophoretically, and assessed DNPH reactivity by immunonblots. DNPH reactivity of a protein that was identified as Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP) was observed more consistently in tracheal aspirate fluids from infants who later developed BPD than from infants who did not develop BPD. Tracheal aspirate fluid levels of immunoreactive CCSP were also lower on Day of life 1 in infants who developed BPD than in those who did not develop BPD. Increased CCSP oxidation and decreased immunoreactive CCSP expression in infants who subsequently developed BPD suggest that Clara cell function and CCSP expression may be critical for normal bronchoalveolar fluid homeostasis and that maintaining CCSP expression and function may be useful goals for targeted therapies for inhibition of the development of BPD.
Intracavernosal drug‐induced erection therapy versus external vacuum devices in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (1997)

Both the vacuum device and injections are effective treatment modalities for impotence and are associated with good long-term success. Overall, there was a trend favouring injection therapy over the vacuum device which was most significant in younger patients, those with a shorter duration of impotence, and those impotent secondary to radical prostatectomy.
Research development of mercury removal technologies for natural gas and hydrocarbon oils (2010)

The content and endangerment of mercury and speciation of mercury compounds in natural gas and hydrocarbon oils are summarized,and the mercury removal technologies by adsorption are also mentioned.In addition,some disadvantages and advantages of adsorbents,mechanisms and influencing factors of adsorption are analyzed,and the correlative research progress is reviewed.