gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised Transcription of Piano Music (2014)

We present a new probabilistic model for transcribing piano music from audio to a symbolic form. Our model reflects the process by which discrete musical events give rise to acoustic signals that are then superimposed to produce the observed data. As a result, the inference procedure for our model naturally resolves the source separation problem introduced by the the piano’s polyphony. In order to adapt to the properties of a new instrument or acoustic environment being tran-scribed, we learn recording-specific spectral profiles and temporal envelopes in an unsupervised fashion. Our system outperforms the best published approaches on a standard piano transcription task, achieving a 10.6 % relative gain in note onset F1 on real piano audio. 1
US DOE Pipeline Unplugging Requirements Development -9361 (2009)

Department of Energy (DOE) sites around the country have an ongoing effort to transport and process several tons of radioactive waste in the form of slurry (liquids and solids) from storage tanks to processing facilities. The system of pipes used for the transportation of this waste needs technology for maintenance and for the prevention (and correction) of pipeline plugging. The unplugging technologies that have been tested and evaluated at Florida International University include ones from NuVision Engineering, AIMM and AquaMiser. NuVision’s technology acts as an ocean wave does on beach erosion. It can operate on a long pipeline that has drained down below a blockage. AIMM Technology’s Hydrokinetic™ process uses a sonic resonance with a cleaning water stream. This sonic resonance travels through the water stream and transfers vibration to both the pipe and the blockage. The AquaMiser line of water blasting equipment combines 15,000- to 40,000-psi water injection technology to unplug pipelines. Some sites cannot allow this level of pressure in their pipes. After reviewing the results of every test, including the benefits, advantages and disadvantages of each technology, requirements were developed for pressure, personnel training, environmental concerns, safety, and compatibility with current systems, operability, reliability, maintainability and cost.
Planar Porous THz Waveguides for Low-Loss Guidance and Sensing Applications (2013)

Planar porous dielectric waveguides featuring periodic sequence of deeply subwavelength air/dielectric bi-layers are proposed, fabricated and characterized in view of their potential applications as low-loss waveguides and sensors in the THz spectral range. The waveguide design maximizes the fraction of power guided in the air to reduce waveguide loss due to material absorption, as well as to provide a conveniently accessible microfluidic channels for sensor measurements.
Serum Melatonin and 6‐Sulfatoxymelatonin in End‐Stage Renal Disease: Effect of Hemodialysis (1993)

The pineal hormone melatonin plays a role in the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary axis, target gland function, sleep pattern, mood changes, cellular immunity, antibody response, and skin pigmentation, nearly all of which are also affected by renal insufficiency. We measured serum melatonin and its main urinary metabolite, 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (6-SM), by radioimmunoassay in 11 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) between the hours of 6 and 9 a.m. during hemodialysis and again on an off-dialysis day. The results were compared with those obtained in a group of normal control subjects. Predialysis serum melatonin and 6-SM levels obtained at 6 a.m. in the ESRD patients were comparable with those obtained in the normal control group. Serum melatonin concentration in the ESRD group fell approximately 25% during dialysis while 6-SM remained virtually unchanged. The changes observed on the off-dialysis day during the same time period were of nearly the same magnitude as those seen during dialysis (-32% and 1.4%, respectively). No significant difference was found in the concentration of either analyte in the blood entering and leaving the dialyzer. These observations suggest a lack of discernible removal of either compound by hemodialysis. In contrast to the ESRD patients, who showed a slow fall in serum melatonin and no significant change in serum 6-SM on both on- and off-dialysis days, the normal control subjects showed an expected reduction in serum melatonin (-43%) and a sharp fall in serum 6-SM (-53%) between 6 and 9 a.m.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A 3-D assisted generative model for facial texture super-resolution (2009)

This paper describes an example-based Bayesian method for 3D-assisted pose-independent facial texture super-resolution. The method utilizes a 3D morphable model to map facial texture from a 2D face image to a pose- and shape-normalized texture map and vice versa. The center piece of this method is a generative model to describe the process of forming an image from a pose- and shape-normalized texture map. The goal is to reconstruct a high-resolution texture map given an low-resolution face image. The prior knowledge about the sought high-resolution texture is incorporated into the Bayesian framework by using a recognition-based prior that encourages the gradient values of the texture map to be close to some predicted values. We develop the generative model and formulate the problem as MAP estimation. The results show that this framework is capable of performing pose-independent face recognition even when the sample set only contains exemplar face images with frontal pose. We present results in frontal and non-frontal poses. We also demonstrate that the technique can be utilized to improve face recognition results when the probe images have a lower resolution compared to the gallery images.
Crawling Wave Sonoelastography of Benign and Malignant Thyroid Nodules (2011)

Objective The purpose of this study is to determine if Crawling Wave (CrW) Elastography, a novel sonoelastography technique, can be utilized to provide quantitative measurements of thyroid tissue shear velocity (a measure of tissue stiffness) and distinguish between benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Method Fresh thyroid specimens (N = 21) with 44 regions of interest were imaged over a 9‐month period in 2010 at a single institution. CrW sonoelastography was performed and shear velocity (SV) estimations with contrast to noise ratios (CNR) were calculated. Histologic diagnosis was correlated with SV and CNR values. Results The SV and CNR of Papillary Thyroid Ca (PTC) (N = 11, CNR = 4.04, SV = 2.39 m/s) was significantly higher than benign nodules (N = 22, CNR = ‐0.988, SV = 1.90 m/s) (for CNR pp = 0.003, [95% CI 0.199 ‐ 0.801]). CNR values have a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 90.9%, respectively, for differentiating PTC from benign nodules. Additionally, SV has a sensitivity and specificity of 81.8% and 68.2%, respectively. Insufficient samples were obtained for SV and CNR comparison of other histologic types. Conclusion Crawling wave sonoelastography can provide quantitative estimations of shear velocity (SV) depicting the elastic properties of thyroid nodules. The SV with CNR can differentiate between benign thyroid nodules and papillary thyroid carcinoma. However, prospective in‐vivo studies are needed to verify the accuracy and utility of CrW elastography.
Antitumor agents. 25. Synthesis and antitumor activity of uracil and thymine .alpha.-methylene-.gamma.-lactones and related derivatives (1977)

<p>In this research the performance of a fluidized bed membrane reactor for high temperature water gas shift and its long term stability was investigated to provide a proof-of-concept of the new system at lab scale. A demonstration unit with a capacity of 1 Nm<sup>3</sup>/h of ultra-pure H<sub>2</sub> was designed, built and operated over 900 h of continuous work. Firstly, the performance of the membranes were investigated at different inlet gas compositions and at different temperatures and H<sub>2</sub> partial pressure differences. The membranes showed very high H<sub>2</sub> fluxes (3.89 × 10<sup>-6</sup> mol·m<sup>-2</sup>· Pa<sup>-1</sup>·s<sup>-1</sup> at 400 °C and 1 atm pressure difference) with a H<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> ideal perm-selectivity (up to 21,000 when integrating five membranes in the module) beyond the DOE 2015 targets. Monitoring the performance of the membranes and the reactor confirmed a very stable performance of the unit for continuous high temperature water gas shift under bubbling fluidization conditions. Several experiments were carried out at different temperatures, pressures and various inlet compositions to determine the optimum operating window for the reactor. The obtained results showed high hydrogen recovery factors, and very low CO concentrations at the permeate side (in average </p>
High-Energy Ball Milling and Sintering of Ti-2Ta-22Si-11B and Ti-6Ta-22Si-11B Powders Mixtures (2014)

The milling process of elemental Ti-2Ta-22Si-11B and Ti-6Ta-22Si-11B (at-%) powder mixtures were performed in a planetary Fritsch P-5 ball mill using stainless steel vials (225 mL) and hardened steel balls (19 mm diameter). Ball-to-powder weight ratio of 10:1 and a rotary speed of 300 rpm were adopted, varying the milling time. Wet milling (isopropyl alcohol) for 20 more minutes was used to increase the yield powder in to the vial. Following the Ti-Ta-Si-B powders milled for 600 min were heat-treated at 1100°C for 1 h in order to obtain the equilibrium structures. The milled powders and heat-treated samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometry. Supersaturated Ti solid solutions were formed during ball milling of Ti-Ta-Si-B powders while that the Ti 5 Si 3 phase was formed after milling for 620 min of the Ta-richer powder mixture only. The particles sizes were initially increased during the initial milling times, and the wet milling provided the yield powder into the vials. A large amount of pores was found in both the sintered samples which presented the formation of the Ti SS ,(ss-solid solution) Ti 6 Si 2 B and TiB.
Two separate continually online trained neurocontrollers for a unified power flow controller (2004)

The crucial factor affecting the modern power systems today is load flow control. The Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) provides an effective means for controlling the power flow and improving the transient stability in a power network. The UPFC has fast complex dynamics and its conventional control is based on a linearized model of the power system. This paper presents the design of neurocontrollers that control the power flow and regulates voltage along a transmission line. Two separate neurocontrollers are used for controlling the UPFC, one neurocontroller for the shunt inverter and the other for the series inverter. Simulation studies carried out in the PSCAD/EMTDC environment is described and results show the successful control of the UPFC and the power system with the two neurocontrollers. Performances of the neurocontrollers are compared with the conventional PI controllers for system oscillation damping.
A Ser29Leu Substitution in the Cytosine Deaminase Fca1p Is Responsible for Clade-Specific Flucytosine Resistance in <i>Candida dubliniensis</i> (2009)

The population structure of the opportunistic yeast pathogen Candida dubliniensis is composed of three main multilocus sequence typing clades (clades C1 to C3), and clade C3 predominantly consists of isolates from the Middle East that exhibit high-level resistance (MIC(50) > or = 128 microg/ml) to the fungicidal agent flucytosine (5FC). The close relative of C. dubliniensis, C. albicans, also exhibits clade-specific resistance to 5FC, and resistance is most commonly mediated by an Arg101Cys substitution in the FUR1 gene encoding uracil phosphoribosyltransferase. Broth microdilution assays with fluorouracil (5FU), the toxic deaminated form of 5FC, showed that both 5FC-resistant and 5FC-susceptible C. dubliniensis isolates exhibited similar 5FU MICs, suggesting that the C. dubliniensis cytosine deaminase (Fca1p) encoded by C. dubliniensis FCA1 (CdFCA1) may play a role in mediating C. dubliniensis clade-specific 5FC resistance. Amino acid sequence analysis of the CdFCA1 open reading frame (ORF) identified a homozygous Ser29Leu substitution in all 12 5FC-resistant isolates investigated which was not present in any of the 9 5FC-susceptible isolates examined. The tetracycline-inducible expression of the CdFCA1 ORF from a 5FC-susceptible C. dubliniensis isolate in two separate 5FC-resistant clade C3 isolates restored susceptibility to 5FC, demonstrating that the Ser29Leu substitution was responsible for the clade-specific 5FC resistance and that the 5FC resistance encoded by FCA1 genes with the Ser29Leu transition is recessive. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed no significant difference in CdFCA1 expression between 5FC-susceptible and 5FC-resistant isolates in either the presence or the absence of subinhibitory concentrations of 5FC, suggesting that the Ser29Leu substitution in the CdFCA1 ORF is the sole cause of 5FC resistance in clade C3 C. dubliniensis isolates.
Modelling energy system using three-dimensional input-output analysis (2000)

Input–output (I–O) analysis is frequently applied to the energy–environmental area, because not only the direct but also the indirect environmental repercussions of different patterns of final demand can be explored. I–O analysis has a structural deficiency in evaluating the system, including the production of by–products, since joint production is not assumed to appear in the theory of I–O analysis. Although several methods were developed so as to overcome this drawback, this problem has not been fundamentally solved. In this study, a three–dimensional input–output table (3DIO) is suggested in order to deal with joint production. 3DIO is an extension of the I–O table. It shows the interrelations between all of the activities and consists of I–O tables which are made for each commodity. The structure is described in the simple equations corresponding to the conventional I–O equations. The amount of produced commodities is correctly counted in 3DIO although the amount of by–products is not accurately counted in conventional methods. As an application of 3DIO analysis, we developed an energy–economic model and evaluated CO2 emissions as well as economic growth, taking several measures for CO2 abatement into account. One of the main characteristics of the model is that the measures involving joint production can be evaluated in the framework of I–O analysis. Computed results indicate that fuel switching in the power generation sector is the most cost–effective in the measures evaluated in this study. Then, fuel switching in industry heat, utilization of exhaust heat and CO2 recycling follow in order of cost–effectiveness.
A Mechanical Design Principle for Tissue Structure and Function in the Airway Tree (2013)

With every breath, the dynamically changing mechanical pressures must work in unison with the cells and soft tissue structures of the lung to permit air to efficiently traverse the airway tree and undergo gas exchange in the alveoli. The influence of mechanics on cell and tissue function is becoming apparent, raising the question: how does the airway tree co-exist within its mechanical environment to maintain normal cell function throughout its branching structure of diminishing dimensions? We introduce a new mechanical design principle for the conducting airway tree in which mechanotransduction at the level of cells is driven to orchestrate airway wall structural changes that can best maintain a preferred mechanical microenvironment. To support this principle, we report in vitro radius-transmural pressure relations for a range of airway radii obtained from healthy bovine lungs and model the data using a strain energy function together with a thick-walled cylinder description. From this framework, we estimate circumferential stresses and incremental Young's moduli throughout the airway tree. Our results indicate that the conducting airways consistently operate within a preferred mechanical homeostatic state, termed mechanical homeostasis, that is characterized by a narrow range of circumferential stresses and Young's moduli. This mechanical homeostatic state is maintained for all airways throughout the tree via airway wall dimensional and mechanical relationships. As a consequence, cells within the airway walls throughout the airway tree experience similar oscillatory strains during breathing that are much smaller than previously thought. Finally, we discuss the potential implications of how the maintenance of mechanical homeostasis, while facilitating healthy tissue-level alterations necessary for maturation, may lead to airway wall structural changes capable of chronic asthma.
Evidence for a mass dependent forward-backward asymmetry in top quark pair production (2011)

We present a new measurement of the inclusive forward-backward tt̄ production asymmetry and its rapidity and mass dependence. The measurements are performed with data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.3fb -1 of pp̄ collisions at √s=1.96TeV, recorded with the CDF-II Detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. Significant inclusive asymmetries are observed in both the laboratory frame and the tt̄ rest frame, and in both cases are found to be consistent with CP conservation under interchange of t and t̄. In the tt̄ rest frame, the asymmetry is observed to increase with the tt̄ rapidity difference, Δy, and with the invariant mass M tt̄ of the tt̄ system. Fully corrected parton-level asymmetries are derived in two regions of each variable, and the asymmetry is found to be most significant at large Δy and Mtt̄. For Mtt̄?450GeV/c2, the parton-level asymmetry in the tt̄ rest frame is Att̄=0.475±0.114 compared to a next-to-leading order QCD prediction of 0.088±0.013. © 2011 American Physical Society.
FIFO Service with Differentiated Queueing (2011)

This paper presents a novel approach to minimally invasive service differentiation in packet-switched networks. Instead of actively managing service allocation, a simple differentiated queueing algorithm provides traffic classes with essentially the same best-effort service that would result from plain FIFO service using a single queue for all traffic. However, each class is served from a separate virtual queue, which is configured with an individual deterministic delay bound that is enforced in the presence of dynamically varying packet arrival rates. The main advantage of such a scheme for service differentiation is administrative simplicity, because it only needs minimal configuration by a network operator and does not necessarily require control plane functionality. Further, it does not inherently prefer some traffic classes over others and thus satisfies even the most radical definitions of network neutrality. In the paper, the basic approach is motivated with the help of various use case scenarios. A fairly simple and efficient algorithm is presented to implement the differentiated queueing scheme. Finally, a number of simulation experiments and results are shown that confirm the intuitive functionality of the algorithm.
Embodied user interfaces for <i>really</i> direct manipulation (2000)

A major event in the history of human-computer interaction was the advent of the graphical user interface at Xerox PARC in the 1970s. The GUI was based on a bitmapped display, making the interface to the computer primarily a visual medium, along with a pointing device (typically a mouse), enabling the user to point to parts of the display. The GUI transformed HCI from communication in an arcane textual language to a visual and manipulative activity.
Acatisia nocturna de comienzo diferido debido a risperidona y levomepromacina: un informe clínico (2003)

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6-[18F]Fluoro-L-DOPA by radiofluorodestannylation: a short and simple synthesis of a new labelling precursor (1998)

This paper describes a short and simple synthesis of a new fully protected stannylated precursor, namely N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3,4-di(tert-butoxycarbonyloxy)-6-trimethylstannyl-L-phenylalanine ethyl ester, for the preparation of 6-[18F]fluoro-L-DOPA, used routinely in our Positron Emission Tomography program on neurodegenerative diseases as a tracer of the cerebral dopamine metabolism. The chemical pathway described for the total synthesis of our labelling precursor uses a straightforward protection sequence. This 4-step chemical synthesis allows the rapid preparation of several grammes of pure material in good overall yield. Regioselective radiofluorodestannylation using [18F]fluorine ([18F]F2, cyclotron-produced isotope, half-life:110 min) gave pure 6-[18F]fluoro-L-DOPA (8) in good radiochemical yield (26% decay-corrected, based on starting [18F]fluorine recovered from the target) in 45–50 min after the End of Bombardment. The product was found to be >99% chemically, radiochemically and enantiomerically pure. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct interaction of filamin (ABP-280) with the <i>beta</i> 2-integrin subunit CD18. (1995)

beta 2-Integrins mediate leukocyte extravasation into inflamed tissues, phagocytosis, and target cell killing, functions that require an intact actin cytoskeleton. Previous studies have focused on elucidating interactions of the cytoplasmic tails of integrins with the cytoskeleton at focal contacts in stationary cells. As integrins are also located at other types of cell-substratum junctions, such as the leading edge of migrating cells, additional cytosolic proteins abundant at these sites may also interact with integrins. In this study, we have identified the actin-binding protein, filamin (ABP-280), as a major cytoskeletal protein that binds to the cytoplasmic tail of the beta 2-integrin subunit CD18. Filamin bound to cytoplasmic CD18 directly and specifically, co-immunoprecipitated with beta 2-integrins in detergent cell lysate and co-immunolocalized with cross-linked beta 2-integrins in intact cells. The filamin binding site in CD18 was localized to the N-terminal (amino acids (aa) 724 to 747) but not to the C-terminal (aa 743 to 769) half of cytoplasmic CD18. Filamin did not bind to the major alpha-actinin binding site (aa 733 to 742), however, suggesting that these two cytoskeletal proteins bind to distinct but overlapping sites. Given the conservation of the filamin binding region among beta-integrin subunits, these findings suggest the presence of similar associations between filamin and other integrins. These associations may be important in the spreading and extension of lamellipodia at the leading edge during cell movement and, if interrupted, may contribute to the dramatic decrease in cell locomotion observed in genetic deletions involving filamin or integrins.