gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NON-DARCIAN SURFACE TENSION EFFECTS ON FREE SURFACE TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA (1997)

The phenomenological analysis of free surface transport through porous media using the Brinkman-Forchheimer-extended Darcy model is presented. A finite difference scheme using the marker-and-cell (MAC) method is employed to investigate the momentum and energy transport in a porous channel involving free surface transport phenomena. The interfacial tension effect at the free surface is incorporated in the analysis. The present investigation constitutes one of the first numerical investigations of the free surface momentum and energy transport through porous media using the MAC method. Fully developed velocity and temperature fields for saturated as well as unsaturated porous channels, for cases with different Darcy numbers, are compared and verified against existing analytical solutions. Temporal free surface distributions for cases with different Darcy numbers and Reynolds numbers are presented. Also explored is the effect of the free surface transport in porous media on the energy transfer. It is found that the boundary and inertial effects have a significant influence on the free surface transport through porous media and that the surface tension effects become insignificant for ReK > 1. The present work constitutes one of the first studies on Non-Darcian effects on free surface transport in porous media.
Liquid metal-wetted niobium fiber brushes and braid close clearance collectors in magnetic fields comparison. Final report (1993)

Niobium fiber brushes wetted with liquid metals offer an alternative to the highly successful braid collector because of the inherent flexibility of the metal fibers. A slipring of niobium fiber brushes wetted with NaK78 was compared directly with an NaK braid collector in a model of a 300-kW homopolar generator. Collector tip velocities varied from zero to 67 m/sec, currents from zero to 4,000 A, and magnetic fields from zero to 1.2 T. Results indicate under all conditions the fiber brush collector was comparable or superior to the braid collector. Current collector, Rectangular channel, Liquid metal flows, Power losses.
Sperm from β1,4-galactosyltransferase I-null mice exhibit precocious capacitation (2003)

Mammalian sperm must undergo a physiological maturation, termed capacitation, before they are able to fertilize eggs. Despite its importance, the molecular mechanisms underlying capacitation are poorly understood. In this paper, we describe the capacitation phenotype of sperm lacking the long isoform of beta1,4-galactosyltransferase I (GalT I), a sperm surface protein that functions as a receptor for the zona pellucida glycoprotein, ZP3, and as an inducer of the acrosome reaction following ZP3-dependent aggregation. As expected, wild-type sperm must undergo capacitation in order to bind the zona pellucida and undergo a Ca(2+) ionophore-induced acrosome reaction. By contrast, GalT I-null sperm behave as though they are precociously capacitated, in that they demonstrate maximal binding to the zona pellucida and greatly increased sensitivity to ionophore-induced acrosome reactions without undergoing capacitation in vitro. The loss of GalT I from sperm results in an inability to bind epididymal glycoconjugates that normally maintain sperm in an 'uncapacitated' state; removing these decapacitating factors from wild-type sperm phenocopies the capacitation behavior of GalT I-null sperm. Interestingly, capacitation of GalT I-null sperm is independent of the presence of albumin, Ca(2+) and HCO(3)(-); three co-factors normally required by wild-type sperm to achieve capacitation. This implies that intracellular targets of albumin, Ca(2+) and/or HCO(3)(-) may be constitutively active in GalT I-null sperm. Consistent with this, GalT I-null sperm have increased levels of cAMP that correlate closely with both the accelerated kinetics and co-factor-independence of GalT I-null sperm capacitation. By contrast, the kinetics of protein tyrosine phosphorylation and sperm motility are unaltered in mutant sperm relative to wild-type. These data suggest that GalT I may function as a negative regulator of capacitation in the sperm head by suppressing intracellular signaling pathways that promote this process.
Detection of Antibodies to Toxin-Coregulated Pili in Sera from Cholera Patients (2004)

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were prepared against toxin-coregulated pili (TCP) isolated from Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor. Despite their limited bactericidal potential, two MAbs were able to mediate biotype-specific protection against experimental cholera in infant mice. These MAbs were used in immunoblotting studies to assess seroconversion to El Tor TCP following cholera. Clear anti-pilus responses were observed in five of nine patients.
Reduced-Order Investigation of Synthetic Jet Cooling for Electronic Applications (2009)

Synthetic jets are meso-scale devices operating at zero-net-mass-flux principle. These devices produce periodic jet-like streams, which have local velocities 10–20 times greater than the average fan velocities. As a result, positioning one or more of these jets close to a heat sink causes high-velocity air currents in tightly spaced fin gaps and enhances the surface heat transfer. A reduced-order modeling (ROM) approach was followed in simulating the heat transfer analysis of commercial heat sink with synthetic jet. Unsteady state results are matched with steady state results as part of the ROM approach. The methodology is implemented on two problems (i.e canonical problem of jet impinging perpendicularly on a flat plate and jet blowing on a commercial heat sink). Results from ROM for two cases are validated against experimental results. It is found that, this approach provides 90% time saving within ±5% accuracy. Modeling via ROM is much faster and cheaper computationally; hence this approach can be used for studying the system-level convective heat transfer enhancement of heat sinks using synthetic jets.
<i>Penicillium digitatum</i> Metabolites on Synthetic Media and Citrus Fruits (2002)

Penicillium digitatum has been cultured on citrus fruits and yeast extract sucrose agar media (YES). Cultivation of fungal cultures on solid medium allowed the isolation of two novel tryptoquivaline-like metabolites, tryptoquialanine A (1) and tryptoquialanine B (2), also biosynthesized on citrus fruits. Their structural elucidation is described on the basis of their spectroscopic data, including those from 2D NMR experiments. The analysis of the biomass sterols led to the identification of 8-12. Fungal infection on the natural substrates induced the release of citrus monoterpenes together with fungal volatiles. The host-pathogen interaction in nature and the possible biological role of citrus volatiles are also discussed.
Cold stability of red palm oleins (1998)

Abstract Cold stability of crude and refined red palm oleins was investigated. Single‐ and double‐fractionated crude as well as refined single‐ and double‐fractionated red palm oleins were stable against crystallization for more than 1 h but less than 2 h, whereas commercial red palm oleins remained stable for more than 5 h at 5°C. At 20°C, refined red palm oleins had better resistance to crystallization than crude palm oleins. Red palm oleins with lower amounts of saturated fatty acids (C 16:0 and C 18:0 ), lower levels of POP and POS triacylglycerols, and lower cloud points have increased resistance to crystallization and result in better cold stability.
Selective Separation of n-Olefins by Extraction with Dimethylformamide Containing Iodine (1984)

The selective extraction of n-olefins from n-olefin/n-paraffin mixture using an iodine-dimethylformamide (DMF) solution was studied. Iodine dissolved in DMF absorbed n-olefin at ambient temperature, forming a DMF-I2-olefin complex (Fig.-1).This complex was decomposed on heating at temperatures above 85°C, liberating the absorved olefin (Fig.-2). However, the I2-DMF solution, after olefin liberation, was no longer able to absorb olefins repeatedly even at ambient temperature.The addition of the excess amounts of other olefins, which can be separated by distillation from the recovered olefin, to the DMF-I2-olefin complex liberated the absorbed olefin by replacement at ambient temperature (Fig.-3). A remarkable effect of light irradiation on this replacement rate was observed (Fig.-4).To study the industrial applications of this selective extraction method, a C10-C13 n-olefin/n-paraffin mixture, a raw material for the production of linear detergent alkylate, was used. Normal-olefin having a purity of 94.6% was recovered from the mixture (Table-3).
Flexible Electronics: Light Weight and Flexible High‐Performance Diagnostic Platform (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 10/2015) (2015)

A flexible light weight diagnostic platform is realized on cost-efficient large-area flexible foils enabling its cost-efficient high-volume delivery to medical institutions worldwide. The devices presented by L. Baraban, D. Makarov, and team on page 1517 allow the timely diagnosis of viral or infectious diseases, for example, the here demonstrated H1N1 subtype of the Avian Influenza Virus.
Automated failure population creation for validating integrated circuit diagnosis methods (2009)

Integrated circuit (IC) diagnosis typically analyzes failed chips by reasoning about their responses to test patterns to deduce what has gone wrong. Current trends use diagnosis as the first step in extracting valuable information from a large population of failing ICs that include, for example, design-feature failure rates and defect-occurrence statistics. However, it is difficult to examine the accuracy of these techniques because of the unavailability of sufficient fail data where such information is known. This paper describes an approach for benchmarking and verifying diagnosis techniques through failure population creation that builds on prior work in this area. Specifically, we describe how a population of realistic IC failures is created through circuit-level simulation of extracted layouts. The most novel feature of the work is that the virtual test responses produced are both a precise function of defect type and the three-dimensional location within the layout. The extended approach is demonstrated using twelve placed-and-routed circuits. An example application of the developed framework is given to illustrate the utility of having a failure population where the location and type of defect are known a priori.
Tinea Capitis Due to M. Audouini and M. Canis (1955)

This report presents the histopathologic findings in serially sectioned biopsy specimens taken from the scalps of experimental subjects inoculated with Microsporum audouini and Microsporum canis. The principles governing the pathogenesis of this type of scalp ringworm have been presented in a previous communication.<sup>1</sup>Forty-one scalp specimens from adults and children subjected to biopsy at various times after inoculation comprise the experimental material. Sixteen specimens were from M. canis cases and the remainder were from cases of M. audouini. Alternate sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and the Hotchkiss-McManus stain. In addition, 11 biopsy specimens from persons naturally infected with M. audouini and 3 from M. canis infections were studied. Kerions and other inflammatory scalp reactions are not herein considered. These latter are specialized variants of the basic disease indicative of a marked reactivity of the host. Among the early
Peripheral Arterial Disease Evaluation in the Saudi Project for Assessment of Coronary Events Registry Reveals a Missed Opportunity in Preventing the Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Pilot Study (SPACE-PAD-I) (2008)

BackgroundPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) is a marker of systemic atherosclerosis with an elevated risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. This study was undertaken to identify the prevalence of PAD in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome and do not have previous history of coronary artery disease in order to identify the missed opportunity in treating these patients and potentially avoiding such cardiovascular events.MethodsWe prospectively collected data from consecutive patients who presented with acute coronary events over 4 months. PAD was diagnosed if the Ankle-Brachial index was less than 0.90 and/or if the patient had signs or symptoms suggestive for PAD. Risk factors and risk reduction therapy were compared between patients with and without PAD.ResultsA total of 51 patients were recruited. The mean age for these patients was 62 years and 27% were women. Prevalence of PAD was 45%, of these, 61% were asymptomatic. Prevalence of PAD in patients with no previous history of CAD was 48%, of these, 64% were asymptomatic. There was no difference in atherosclerotic risk factors between patients with PAD compared to patients without PAD. Utilization of risk reduction was suboptimal in patients with PAD; only 61% were on aspirin, 48% were on statin therapy, 43% were on beta-blockers and 30% were on angiotensin converting enzymes inhibitors.ConclusionThere is a great opportunity in preventing acute coronary events that we are missing. This is can be achieved by recognizing patients with PAD (symptomatic or asymptomatic) and aggressively control their risk factors.
An Ultrasonic Global Inspection Technique for an Offshore K-Joint (1983)

Abstract The catastrophic collapse of several offshore platforms has spurred the development of nondestructive inspection techniques for offshore structures. Presented here are the concepts of an ultrasonic global inspection technique. Also presented are the results of feasibility studies conducted on 119−, 110−, and ⅓-scale model K-joint models using this technique for early detection of damage. The technique takes advantage of the geometry of tubular joints to give global ultrasonic coverage of a joint while employing a similarity-coefficient-based algorithm for actual damage detection. The data from the scaled models indicate a correlation between the value of the similarity coefficient and the extent of induced damage. The results are encouraging for further development of the technique for field use.
How to develop a theory of story points (1983)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Impact of Progression during Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy on Operative Management of Breast Cancer. (2009)

Abstract Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) is the standard of care for locally advanced breast cancer, but remains controversial in early stage disease. Some have raised concerns that disease progression may make breast-conserving therapy (BCT) or even mastectomy impossible. The goal of this study was to determine the impact of disease progression during NCT on operative management. Methods: We reviewed clinicopathologic data on patients receiving NCT for Stage I-III breast cancer at a cancer center between 1994 and 2007. Chemotherapy regimens were anthracycline and/or taxane-based as determined by the medical oncologist. Results: 1928 patients received NCT, of which 1762 (91%) had a response (minor, partial, or complete), 107 (6%) had stable disease (SD), and 59 (3%) progressed (PD) on at least one regimen. Of the 59 patients with progression, 13 (22%) had tumor response and 7 (12%) had SD with their first regimen, but progressed on their second regimen. Thirty-nine (66%) had progression on their first regimen of which 4 (10%) proceeded to surgery, 1 (3%) developed metastasis, and 1 (3%) refused further therapy. Thirty-three (85%) received a second chemotherapy regimen after progression on the first regimen; 18 (55%) had response to the second regimen, 5 (15%) had SD, and 10 (30%) had further progression. Eight (14%) had XRT to control local progression. In the 59 patients with progression at any point during NCT, 40 (68%) underwent mastectomy, 12 BCT (20%), and 7 (12%) had no surgery. In patients who had mastectomies, 3 (8%) were BCT candidates before progression, one (3%) was converted to mastectomy for technical reasons, and 2 (5%) were not evaluable from available data. Overall, disease progression changed the operative plan in 11 (0.5%): 2 developed distant metastasis, 2 developed clinical lymphadenopathy, 3 required mastectomy instead of BCT, 3 became inoperable, and 1 required flap closure. Conclusion: Patients treated with NCT should be evaluated by multi-disciplinary team members for response to therapy. Progression on NCT is infrequent (3%), but the optimal management in these patients needs further study. Overall, progression on NCT changes the operative management in only a small proportion of patients. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 1090.
Prospective Association between Domain-Specific Physical Activity and Risk of Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults (2016)

Physical activity has been recommended to general population for preventing depressive symptoms. However, only few prospective studies focused on the association between the domain-specific physical activity levels and risk of depressive symptoms. PURPOSE: To investigate the prospective association between domain-specific physical activity and depressive symptoms among Japanese older people. METHODS: In this study, participants comprised 365 (169 men) community-dwelling older individuals aged ≥70 years, who were living in the Tsurugaya area of Sendai, Japan. These participants did not have depressive symptoms at baseline. Depressive state was evaluated by a short version of Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), and a GDS-15 score ≥6 was defined as depressive symptoms. Furthermore, a valid questionnaire was used to assess domain-specific physical activity. Leisure-time physical activity levels by estimating metabolic equivalents (METs) hours/day based on frequency and duration of walking, brisk walking, moderate exercise, and strenuous exercise. METs of physical activity in other domains (occupational, domestic, commuting) were calculated based on the numbers of hours spent at different levels of intensity (sitting, standing, walking, strenuous work). Associations between physical activity and depressive symptoms were examined by multiple regression analysis. Covariates included sex, age, body mass index, educational levels, living status, smoking status, drinking status, sleep duration, and cognitive function. Data were expressed as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: Multivariate analysis showed that tertiles of leisure-time physical activity were inversely associated with depressive symptoms during 10-years follow-up period (OR [95% CI]: T2, 0.97 [0.54−1.76]; T3, 0.42 [0.21−0.85]; P for trend = 0.019). Similarly, high levels of physical activity in other domains were also associated with decreased incidence of depressive symptoms (OR [95% CI]: T2, 0.73 [0.40−1.36]; T3, 0.52 [0.27−0.99]; P for trend = 0.045). CONCLUSION: This long-term prospective study demonstrated that the both leisure-time and non-leisure-time (occupational, domestic, commuting) physical activity may be preventive factors for depressive symptoms in older adults.
Conduction-band states and the 5d-4f laser transition of rare-earth ion dopants (1997)

We discuss how the interactions of the 5d orbital with the conduction band of the host medium play a crucial role in determining whether rare earth containing materials can serve as useful laser materials, based on their 5d-4f transition. To explore this issue, we examine the pump-probe spectra of Sm<SUP>2+</SUP>, Eu<SUP>2+</SUP>, and Ce<SUP>3+</SUP> dopants in various fluoride and chloride crystals. In addition we suggest that the luminescence properties are also profoundly impacted by this interaction. The outstanding UV laser performance achieved by the Ce:LiSrAlF<SUB>6</SUB> crystal is rationalized in terms of the reduced overlap of conduction band states with the cerium ions.
Evidence that Cyclic Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate-Dependent Protein Kinase Activation Causes Pig Ovarian Granulosa Cell Differentiation, Including Increases in Two Type II Subclasses of this Kinase1 (1989)

Agents that elevated intracellular cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) caused a 3- to 10-fold increase in the luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor level and in progesterone biosynthesis in primary cultures of pig ovarian granulosa cells. Associated with these effects was a 2- to 4-fold increase in the total activity of the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase in the tissue. From quantitation by [3H]cAMP binding and changes in the specific labeling with the photoaffinity analog [32P]-8-azido-cAMP, these agents were found to cause a concomitant 5- to 15-fold increase in two isoforms of the type II R-subunit (Mr = 54,000 and 56,000) of the protein kinase. Since the two intrasubunit cAMP binding sites of the protein kinase have been found to be positively cooperative, the addition of a combination of an analog selective for site 1 and an analog selective for site 2 causes synergistic increases in protein kinase activation in vitro and synergistic increases in intact cell responses if mediated by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase. In the present study, the addition of such a combination of site 1- and site 2-selective analogs to granulosa cells caused a synergistic increase in LH receptor induction and progesterone production. For both responses, synergism did not occur when two analogs selective for the same site were combined. The results indicated that these responses are mediated by either of the two major isozyme types of cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
Design and demonstration of highly versatile nonlinearly strain-chirped fiber Bragg gratings for tunable dispersion slope compensation (2003)

Summary form only given. Previously, we have demonstrated the first nonlinearly strain-chirped fiber Bragg grating (NSCFBG), which has an adjustable dispersion slope (DS) designed for compensation of waveform distortion caused by the optical fiber. The substrate of the device is linearly tapered in its width and clamped on the narrower end while deflecting its free end, and can convert a mounted uniform FBG into a NSCFBG. In this paper, we extend the study into the analysis of the NSCFBGs and determine limitations of the associate device as a DS compensator. Based on the design, a device with an adjustable DS range of 20 ps/nm/sup 2/ has been fabricated with a 3-dB useful compensation bandwidth >2 nm. In addition, it can be continuously tuned up to -83 ps/nm/sup 2/ for a 3-dB bandwidth in excess of 1.35 nm, which is sufficient to compensate for a 1185-km-long of dispersion-shifted-fiber (DSF) having a DS of 0.07 ps/nm/sup 2//km.
Bioactive lysophospholipids and mesangial cell intracellular signaling pathways: role in the pathobiology of kidney disease. (2005)

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), lyso-phosphatidylcholine (LPC), and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are major biologically active lysophospholipids (LPLs) that are produced by activated platelets, monocyte/macrophages, and many types of mammalian cells. LPLs have been shown to induce a wide array of physiological and pathophysiological properties including cellular differentiation, proliferation, migration, extracellular matrix deposition, change in morphology, and chemotactic responses. The recent cloning and identification of G protein-coupled receptors as specific receptors for LPLs created a great deal of interest in LPLs signaling and diverse biological responses. The pathobiological role of LPLs has been implicated in a number of pathological states and human diseases including atherosclerosis, glomerulosclerosis, post-ischemic renal failure, polycystic kidney disease, and ovarian cancer. Although the research in this area is growing at an enormous rate, this review is specifically focused on the recent understanding of the pathophysiological properties of LPA and LPC with special reference to kidney diseases, and their specific G-protein-coupled receptors and intracellular signaling pathways.