gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Iterative Reweighted l1 and l2 Methods for Finding Sparse Solution (2016)

A variety of practical methods have recently been introduced for ﬁnding maximally sparse representations from overcomplete dictionaries, a central computational task in compressive sensing applications as well as numerous others. Many of the underlying algorithms rely on iterative reweighting schemes that produce more focal estimates as optimization progresses. Two such variants are iterative reweighted `1 and `2 minimization; however, some properties related to convergence and sparse estimation, as well as possible generalizations, are still not clearly understood or fully exploited. In this paper, we make the distinction between separable and non-separable iterative reweighting algorithms. The vast majority of existing methods are separable, meaning the weighting of a given coefﬁcient at each iteration is only a function of that individual coefﬁcient from the previous iteration (as opposed to dependency on all coefﬁcients). We examine two such separable reweighting schemes: an `2 method from Chartrand and Yin (2008) and an `1 approach from Cande`s et al. (2008), elaborating on convergence results and explicit connections between them. We then explore an interesting non-separable alternative that can be implemented via either `2 or `1 reweighting and maintains several desirable properties relevant to sparse recovery despite a highly non-convex underlying cost function. For example, in the context of canonical sparse estimation problems, we prove uniform superiority of this method over the minimum `1 solution in that, (i) it can never do worse when implemented with reweighted `1, and (ii) for any dictionary and sparsity proﬁle, there will always exist cases where it does better. These results challenge the prevailing reliance on strictly convex (and separable) penalty functions for ﬁnding sparse solutions. We then derive a new non-separable variant with similar properties that exhibits further performance improvements in empirical tests. Finally, we address natural extensions to the group sparsity problems and non-negative sparse coding.
Editorial and Forum (1981)

The Kingslake Awards The Rudolf Kingslake Medal and Prize for the most noteworthy original paper to appear in Optical Engineering Volume 19 (1980) has been awarded to G. Ferran° and G. Hausler of the Physikalisches 'Institut of the Universitat Er-langen, Germany, for their paper, "TV Optical Feedback Systems," which appeared in the July/August 1980 issue, pages 442-451.
Evaluation of traumatic groin arteriovenous fistulas with duplex Doppler sonography. (1989)

Femoral arteriovenous fistula is a rare complication of percutaneous transfemoral catheterization. We report the duplex Doppler findings of three such cases. Continuous positive diastolic arterial flow, as well as an abnormal venous flow pattern, was observed in all cases. When present, these Doppler spectral changes support the diagnosis of arteriovenous fistula.
On the mapping problem using simulated annealing (2003)

Mapping a problem graph of communicating tasks onto a network graph of processing elements so that the communication distance is minimized and the problem graph is evenly distributed over the network, is an NP-complete problem. The authors demonstrate that an approximation technique called simulated annealing can be applied to find acceptable solutions to this problem. For this purpose, they first develop a distance-variance metric to estimate the goodness of a mapping. The authors then present evidence that, with a regular network topology, there are no significant local minima in the space of possible solutions. Hence, a faster form of simulated annealing called quenching becomes appropriate for the mapping problem.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reactions of Alkyl Isothiocyanates with Dianions of Cyclic Thioureas (1986)

Abstract The reactions of methyl (or ethyl) isothiocyanate with dianions (4, 5, and 6), which are readily derived from available cyclic thioureas (1, 2, and 3) with butyllithium, gave ring fused 1,3-disubstituted 1,3,5-triazine-2,4(1H,3H)-dithiones (7) and/or thiocarbamoyl derivative (8) as major products.
Effects of Metal Salophene and Saldach Complexes on Lymphoma and Leukemia Cells (2011)

Schiff base transition metal complexes are an important class of compounds with great potential for therapeutic interventions. However, data on antileukemic and antilymphoma effects of these complexes are limited. The activity of N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-1,2-phenylenediamine (salophene, 1), its iron(II/III) and manganese(II/III) complexes as well as rac-trans-N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine (saldach, 2) and its respective iron(II/III) complexes was evaluated against U-937 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and the HL-60, SUP-B15, and K-562 leukemia cell lines. The free ligands induced in all cell lines, if at all, only marginal, concentration-dependent growth inhibitory effects, and did not trigger Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) release or induce apoptosis. [Fe(II) (salophene)] (3) and [Fe(III) (salophene)Cl] (4) blocked cellular growth, caused a strong release of Cu/Zn SOD and induced apoptosis. In contrast, the manganese analogs [Mn(II) (salophene)] (5) and [Mn(III) (salophene)OAc] (6) inhibited cell growth, caused the programmed cell death only at higher concentrations and did not provoke release of Cu/Zn SOD in any of the four cell lines. Weaker cell death-promoting effects were observed when the salophene moiety of 3 and 4 was replaced with saldach (complexes 7 and 8), indicating the influence exerted by the ligand structure. In conclusion, Schiff base transition metal complexes induce strong inhibitory effects on human lymphoma and leukemia cells.
Influence of Anatomical Location on Arterial Thrombosis (2002)

Atherosclerosis manifests as a systemic disease with near global involvement of the named segments of the arterial tree. Acute thrombotic arterial occlusion, however, is not equally distributed. To evaluate intra-individual regional differences in arterial thrombogenicity, we compared (111)In-platelet deposition in porcine carotid and femoral arteries after a standardized crush injury. Within the unidirectional flow conditions of elastic carotid arteries, platelet deposition was more than 3-fold higher compared with predominantly muscular femoral arteries with triphasic arterial flow. To determine the influence of rheology on platelet deposition after crush injury, carotid arteries were transplanted into the femoral position and compared with the paired native carotid and femoral arteries. Similarly, femoral arteries transposed to the carotid position were compared with the paired native carotid artery. In each of these experiments, arterial transposition to a new anatomic location imparts a predilection for platelet deposition indigenous to the new location. In the controlled environment of two high-shear thrombin-independent and -dependent flow chambers, porcine carotid and femoral arterial substrates were indistinguishable from one another with respect to platelet deposition. Regional differences in arterial hemodynamics may account for substantial differences in thrombosis arising from deep arterial injury.
Asymmetric Synthesis of (<i>R</i>)‐β‐(Alkoxycarbonyl)aspartic Diesters (Derivatives of (<i>R</i>)‐Asa) with a Chiral Cationic Amino Acid Synthon (1985)

The scope of application of the bislactim ether method in the synthesis of amino acids has been broadened by the use of the chloride 1. Compound 1 serves as a cationic synthon, which reacts with nucleophiles. A prime example is the synthesis of 2, which can be hydrolyzed to give the title compounds 3.
Robust, compact, and inexpensive analog controllers for cabin noise control (1999)

Active Noise Control has been an area of research interest in the recent decades with the goal of providing reduced noise levels in automobile and aircraft enclosures. Although digital controllers are adaptable and efficient, they lack the simplicity of analog controllers due to the requirement of a computer, D/A and A/D boards. Analog controllers on the other hand can be designed to be compact using current IC technology and hence are relatively very cheap. The following paper studies the application of an analog robust controller to abate the noise radiated into a non-reverberant wooden enclosure by a clamped aluminum plate. Since only the odd-odd modes radiate efficiently, a SISO robust analog controller was designed and built inexpensively for a piezoelectric actuator and accelerometer sensor placed at the center of the plate. A reduction of 17 dB is observed when the panel is excited at its fundamental frequency, the dominant radiating mode. When the plate is excited with narrowband noise (40 - 316 Hz), the controller reduces the noise levels in the enclosure by 9 dB. The experimental results agree well with the controller simulation carried out using MATLAB.
Abstract P036: Parathyroid Hormone is Associated with All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality: The Hoorn Study (2013)

Introduction Higher parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations have been associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, although data in the general population are scarce. Hypothesis We hypothesize that higher serum PTH concentrations are associated with all-cause and CVD mortality in a prospective, population-based cohort of older men and women. Methods We included 633 participants of the Hoorn Study, a population-based cohort with oversampling of subjects with impaired glucose regulation; mean age 70.1±6.6 years, 50.7% female. Serum intact PTH concentrations were measured using a 2-site immunoassay. Outcomes were all-cause and CVD mortality based on clinical files and coded according to the ICD-9. We used Cox-regression to estimate survival curves and hazard ratios (HR 95% CI) for all-cause and CVD mortality adjusted for potential confounders using season-specific PTH quartiles. Results During a median follow-up of 7.8 years, 112 participants died, of which 26 deaths (23%) were due to CVD. Survival curves showed an impaired survival for all-cause (Log-rank p=0.054) and CVD mortality (Log-rank p=0.022) for people in the highest PTH quartile (Figure 1). In a multivariate model adjusted for age, sex, smoking, education level, BMI, glucose status, systolic blood pressure, anti-hypertensive drug use, the highest PTH quartile was associated with higher all-cause mortality; HR 1.98 (1.08, 3.64). Kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate and micro-albuminuria) attenuated the PTH risk association, but risk persisted; HR 1.93 (95% CI 1.04, 3.58). The results for CVD mortality showed a similar pattern, although the association was only significant in a threshold model (Quartile 4 vs. Quartile 1-3) HR 2.56 (1.11, 5.94). Conclusion In conclusion, among older men and women, higher PTH concentrations are associated with higher mortality risk. We suggest to evaluate whether individuals with high PTH concentrations benefit from therapeutic approaches targeted to decrease PTH concentrations.
Reflection on a Rough Surface from an Acoustic Point Source (1957)

A simple solution is developed for the reflected waves on a rough surface from a simple harmonic point source. It is assumed that the roughness is represented by a distribution of hemispherical bosses whose size and mutual distance are small relative to the wavelength. It is shown that under these conditions the effect of the roughness is equivalent to a boundary condition for the wave equation. This boundary condition embodies the surface polarization and the mutual interaction of the bosses. If the generating source lies above the reflecting surface the reflected wave is found to be equivalent to that originating from concentrated and distributed image sources on a line situated below the specular image with a magnitude decreasing exponentially with depth. The case of vanishingly small roughness is discussed along with the field intensity at large distance and grazing incidence. The effect of fluid viscosity is also evaluated.
Revisit Long Short-Term Memory: An Optimization Perspective (2015)

Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is a deep recurrent neural network archi-tecture with high computational complexity. Contrary to the standard practice to train LSTM online with stochastic gradient descent (SGD) methods, we pro-pose a matrix-based batch learning method for LSTM with full Backpropagation Through Time (BPTT). We further solve the state drifting issues as well as im-proving the overall performance for LSTM using revised activation functions for gates. With these changes, advanced optimization algorithms are applied to LSTM with long time dependency for the first time and show great advantages over SGD methods. We further demonstrate that large-scale LSTM training can be greatly accelerated with parallel computation architectures like CUDA and MapReduce. 1
Acute Balint’s syndrome is not always a stroke (2004)

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Vasospastic Angina and Ca Channel Blockers (2014)

Coronary artery spasm is one of the causes of angina pectoris,acute myocardial infarction and ventricular fibrillation-related sudden death. It has been established that Ca channel blockers are protective against vasospastic angina (VSA) and treatment with Ca channel blockers provides a better prognosis of VSA. However, it is not still clarified what kinds of Ca channel blockers shows the best prognosis of VSA. We performed a meta-analysis in which 4Ca channel blockers amlodipine, nifedipine, benidipine and diltiazem were used for the treatment of VSA patients and found that among 4 Ca channel blockers, benidipine showed a statistically significant better prognostic effect on MACE than amlodipine, nifedipine or diltiazem.
ChemInform Abstract: Charge Storage and Transport in Thermal Ruthenium Oxide Thin Films. In situ Detection of Local pH Changes and Asymmetries in Charge‐Discharge Cycles at the Oxide/Aqueous Electrolyte Interphase. (1989)

Abstract Applying voltammetry and a novel thin‐layer spectroelectrochemical technique to study the kinetic and reversibility of the charge‐discharge cycle in RuOx electrodes, deposited pyrolytically on Ti and Au supports.
Novel Regio- and Stereoselective Dimerization of Terminal Alkynes Catalyzed by Rare-Earth Silylamide (2004)

Rare-earth silylamide complex, Y[N(SiMe3)2]3, was found to exhibit good catalyst activities for regio- and stereoselective dimerization of terminal aliphatic and aromatic alkynes in the presence of amine additives. Thus, using tertiary amine additives, particularly N(SiMe3)3, aliphatic terminal alkynes were efficiently converted to head-to-tail dimers. On the other hand, only Z-head-to-head dimers were obtained in high yields from aromatic alkynes with the catalyst and aromatic primary amines such as 4-ClC6H4NH2.
Large-Scale, Reliable and Robust SERS-Active Nanowire Substrates Prepared Using Porous Alumina Templates (2008)

nanowire arrays for surface-enhanced Raman scattering applications. These nanowire films were synthesized via electrodeposition using porous alumina templates of varying order, thickness and pore diameters. Mechanical polishing has been shown to be a very effective method to prepare nanowire arrays with monodisperse length over comprehensively large dimensions. On the other hand, a convenient synthesis route has been suggested that allows the formation of nanoparticle rrays using very thin and/or large area porous alumina films. It is reckoned that even films with the smallest obtainable pore sizes can be utilized to prepare large area, fine nanoparticle arrays. Such arrays may also find use in other areas, such as solar cells and electrochemistry. Preliminary Raman experiments indicated that the nanowire/nanoparticle arrays are indeed surface-enhanced Raman scattering-active. Finally, the potentials offered by the reported processing methods for fabricating substrates with predictable and high Raman amplifications are discussed.
Laboratory Test Support for Ebola Patients Within a High-Containment Facility (2014)

Two adult United States (US) nationals contracted the Ebola virus while on a humanitarian mission in Africa amidst a large Ebola outbreak there. They were admitted to our medical center (Emory University Hospital in Atlanta, GA) during the first week of August 2014 for treatment. Both survived their illness and were released after approximately 3 weeks of inpatient care. We received approximately 3 days’ advance notice that the first patient would be transported from Africa to our medical center; the second patient arrived 3 days after the first. The diagnosis in each case had been confirmed virologically by detecting Ebola-specific nucleic acid in blood specimens sent to a World Health Organization laboratory in Europe; however, few details of either patient’s condition had been available to us before their arrival. Herein, we summarize the approach we used to plan for and provide laboratory diagnostic testing during their treatment.

Both patients were admitted to a specialized isolation unit that had been established at our hospital 12 years previously, in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), as a resource for safely quarantining, evaluating, and caring for small numbers of patients with unidentified or highly contagious infectious diseases. At the core of this unit are 3 patient rooms that are physically separate from other patient-care areas of the hospital, are maintained under negative air pressure, and have highly restricted access. A small, specially trained team of volunteer caregivers (primarily infectious disease physicians and critical care nurses) who have planned and rehearsed for incidents of this type for more than a decade staffs the facility.

The degree of containment afforded by this facility substantially exceeds CDC guidelines for managing Ebola,1 a nonairborne …
Optical elements based on silicon carbide and coatings for laser systems (2004)

This paper presents the results of process development concerning the creation of laser mirrors based on silicon carbide. Process methods have been developed for shaping large mirrors with a minimum weight of 30-40kg/m^2, and a process has been developed for depositing coatings on laser mirrors with working wavelengths from 193 nm to 10.6 µm. © 2004 Optical Society of America
(abstract) System Performance of the Joint Galileo/Mars Observer/Ulysses 1993 Gravitational Wave Experiment (1993)

From March 21 to April 11, 1993, the Galileo, Mars Observer, and Ulysses spacecraft were tracked almost continuously in a coincidence experiment to search for low-frequency (~millihertz) gravitational radiation. We report here a first statistical assessment of the noise characteristics of the data, with particular attention to the performance of the radio science instrumentation itself.
Heart valve stenosis in laser spotlights: Insights into a complex disease (2014)

Degenerative heart valve disease is a life-threatening disease affecting about 3% of the population over 65 years. Up to date, cardiac surgery with heart valve replacement is the only available therapy. The disease is characterized by degenerative disorganization of the heart valve structure and alterations in the residing cell populations. Causes and mechanisms of disease genesis are still not fully understood and until now pharmacological therapies are not available. Thus there is enormous interest in new technologies that enable a better characterization of structure and composition of diseased valves. Currently most research techniques demand for extensive processing of extracted valve material. We present a novel approach combining coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, endogenous two-photon excited fluorescence and second harmonic generation. Cusp constituents can be examined simultaneously, three-dimensionally and without extensive manipulation of the sample enabling impressive insights into a complex disease.
A fast pulse compression algorithm based on sparse inverse fourier transform (2016)

Pulse compression is a generic technique in radar signal processing which is commonly used to increase the range resolution as well as the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). To achieve a higher range resolution, the transmitted signal with a larger time-bandwidth product is required. However, the computational complexity for the pulse compression of such signals is high. In this context, we propose a novel fast pulse compression algorithm drew on the experience of sparse inverse Fourier transform to reduce the computation load. Furthermore, to ensure correct detection of the weak target signals, we first perform Doppler filtering to improve the output SNR, then apply the proposed fast pulse compression method. Simulation results confirm that the proposed algorithm yields a satisfactory weak targets detection at a significantly lowered computational expense.
Seismic modeling of complex structures in the Reconcavo basin (Brazil) using asymptotic ray theory: A case history (1988)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1988Seismic modeling of complex structures in the Reconcavo basin (Brazil) using asymptotic ray theory: A case historyAuthors: Marco Antonio Barsottelli BotelhoPeter HubralPaul StoffaMarco Antonio Barsottelli BotelhoPPPG/Univ. Federal da Bahia, Brazil, Peter HubralGeophysikalisches Institut/University of Karlsruhe, West Germany, and Paul StoffaInstitute for Geophysics/University of Texas at Austinhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892467 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892467FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1988ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1988 Pages: 1359 publication data© 1988 Copyright © 1988 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Marco Antonio Barsottelli Botelho, Peter Hubral, and Paul Stoffa, (1988), "Seismic modeling of complex structures in the Reconcavo basin (Brazil) using asymptotic ray theory: A case history," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 9-11. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892467 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
[The effects of dutasteride on voiding and storage symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia]. (2010)

We investigated the effects of dutasteride on voiding and storage symptoms by a post-hoc analysis from two randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group studies (Japanese phase II study and phase III study) which assessed the efficacy and safety of dutasteride in Japanese men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Men aged 50 years and older, with a prostate volume of 30 cc or greater, an International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) of 8 or higher and maximal urinary flow rate of 15 ml/sec or lower were randomized to placebo or dutasteride groups. The number of subjects for the placebo and dutasteride groups was respectively 72 and 72 in the phase II study, and 185 and 193 in the phase III study. Questions 1, 3, 5 and 6 of IPSS were related to voiding symptoms, and Questions 2, 4 and 7 were related to storage symptoms. Changes between pre- and post-treatments were evaluated. In the phase II study, dutasteride significantly improved voiding symptoms and numerically improved storage symptoms compared with the placebo at week 24. In the phase III study, dutasteride significantly improved voiding and storage symptoms compared with the placebo after 52 weeks. These consistent results suggest that dutasteride is effective for both voiding and storage symptoms in Japanese men with BPH.