gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Synthesis of (η<sup>3</sup>‐C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)Pd{Si[N(<sup>t</sup>Bu)CH]<sub>2</sub>}Cl and the Catalytic Property for Heck Reaction (2008)

Abstract Treatment of N‐heterocyclic silylene Si[N( t Bu)CH] 2 ( 1 ) and [(η 3 ‐C 3 H 5 )PdCl] 2 in toluene led to the formation of the mononuclear complex (η 3 ‐C 3 H 5 )Pd{Si[N( t Bu)CH] 2 }Cl ( 3 ), the silicon analogue to N‐heterocyclic carbene complex (η 3 ‐C 3 H 5 )Pd{C[N( t Bu)CH] 2 }Cl ( 2 ). Complex 3 was characterized with 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR. Investigation shows that (η 3 ‐C 3 H 5 )Pd{Si[N( t Bu)CH] 2 }Cl is an active catalyst for Heck coupling reaction of styrene with aryl bromides.
Fabrication of Biomaterials via Controlled Protein Bubble Generation and Manipulation (2011)

In this work, we utilize a recently developed microbubbling process to generate controlled protein (bovine serum albumin, BSA) coated bubbles and then manipulate these to fabricate a variety of structures suitable for several generic biomedical applications, tissue engineering, and biosensor coatings. Using BSA solutions with varying concentrations (20, 25, and 30 wt %) and cross-linking (terephthaloyl chloride) mechanisms, structures were fabricated including porous thin films with variable pore sizes and thickness (partially cross-linked coupled to bubble breakdown), scaffolds with variable pore morphologies (fully cross-linked), and coated bubbles (no cross-linking), which can be used as stand-alone delivery devices and contrast agents. The movement of typical biosensor chemicals (catechol and hydrogen peroxide) across appropriate film structures was studied. The potential of formed scaffold structures for tissue engineering applications was demonstrated using mouse cell lines (L929). In addition to low cost, providing uniform structure generation and high output, the size of the bubbles can easily be controlled by adjusting simplistic processing parameters. The combination of robust processing and chemical modification to uniform macromolecule bubbles can be utilized as a competing, yet novel, tool with current technologies and processes in advancing the biomaterials and biomedical engineering remits.
On the Characterization of Novel Step-Index Biocompatible and Biodegradable poly(D,L-lactic acid) Based Optical Fiber (2019)

We report on the first step-index biodegradable polymer optical fiber (bioPOF) fabricated using commercially available polyesters, with a core made from poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) and a cladding made from poly(D,L-lactic acid). We prepared the preforms with a rod-in-tube technique and the fibers with a standard heat drawing process. We discuss the chemical and optical properties of the polyesters along the fabrication process from polymer granulates to optical fiber. More specifically, we address the influence of the processing steps on the molecular weight and thermal properties of the polymers. Cutback measurements return an attenuation of 0.26 dB/cm at 950 nm for fibers with an outer diameter of 1000 ± 50 μm, a core of 570 ± 30 μm, and a numerical aperture of 0.163. When immersed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), bioPOFs degrade over a period of 3 months, concurrent with a 91% molecular weight loss. The core decomposes already after three weeks and features 85% molecular weight loss. There is no any additional optical loss caused by immersion in PBS during the first 30-40 min for a bioPOFs with a diameter of about 500 μm. Our result demonstrates that bioPOF can be suitable for applications requiring light delivery, deep into living tissue, such as photodynamic therapy.
ChemInform Abstract: Bentonite K10 Clay, an Efficient Catalyst for the Formation of Nitrogen Derivatives. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Increased mouse minor hemoglobin during erythroid stress: a model for hemoglobin regulation. (1982)

In mice with "diffuse" hemoglobin (Hb), the decrease in the proportion of minor Hb during ontogeny qualitatively resembles the decline observed in human Hb F. Since Hb F reappears during some forms of erythroid stress, we investigated the effect of hematopoietic stress on minor Hb in DBA/2 mice. The stresses were acetlyphenylhydrazine-induced hemolysis, phlebotomy, or infection with Friend erythroleukemia virus. Recovery from anemia was associated with a transient increase in the synthesis of minor Hb similar to the reappearance of Hb F in man. Minor Hb synthesis also increased during the evolution of erythroleukemia induced by both the anemic and the polycythemic strains of virus. Thus, the mouse model can be used to study Hb regulation, since changes in the modulation of minor Hb synthesis occur under conditions which are associated with alterations in Hb F synthesis in humans.
Cationic-vacancy-induced room-temperature ferromagnetism in transparent, conducting anatase Ti <sub> 1− <i>x</i> </sub> Ta <sub> <i>x</i> </sub> O <sub>2</sub> ( <i>x</i> ∼0.05) thin films (2012)

We report room-temperature ferromagnetism (FM) in highly conducting, transparent anatase Ti(1-x)Ta(x)O(2) (x∼0.05) thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition on LaAlO(3) substrates. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), X-ray diffraction, proton-induced X-ray emission, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry indicated negligible magnetic contaminants in the films. The presence of FM with concomitant large carrier densities was determined by a combination of superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry, electrical transport measurements, soft X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (SXMCD), XAS and optical magnetic circular dichroism, and was supported by first-principles calculations. SXMCD and XAS measurements revealed a 90 per cent contribution to FM from the Ti ions, and a 10 per cent contribution from the O ions. RBS/channelling measurements show complete Ta substitution in the Ti sites, though carrier activation was only 50 per cent at 5 per cent Ta concentration, implying compensation by cationic defects. The role of the Ti vacancy (V(Ti)) and Ti(3+) was studied via XAS and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, respectively. It was found that, in films with strong FM, the V(Ti) signal was strong while the Ti(3+) signal was absent. We propose (in the absence of any obvious exchange mechanisms) that the localized magnetic moments, V(Ti) sites, are ferromagnetically ordered by itinerant carriers. Cationic-defect-induced magnetism is an alternative route to FM in wide-band-gap semiconducting oxides without any magnetic elements.
Inhibition of platelet hemostatic plug formation by trigramin, a novel RGD-peptide (1989)

Trigramin, a cysteine rich, RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp)-containing peptide from Trimeresurus gramineus snake venom (Mr 7,500) has been previously reported to inhibit fibrinogen binding to ADP-activated platelets and platelet aggregation (disassociation constant 10(-8) M). The present study demonstrates that the infusion of trigramin (17-212 micrograms/100 g body wt) significantly prolonged the bleeding time of severed mesenteric arteries in hamsters (anesthetized with 65 mg/kg pentobarbital), whereas the infusion of RGDS (Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser, 0.45-1.0 mg/100 g body wt) failed to increase the bleeding time in this model. The bleeding time immediately returned to normal after cessation of trigramin infusion. The pattern of the disappearance of 125I-labeled trigramin from the circulation fit a two-compartment model with the half-life for the fast component between 0.7 and 2.0 min and with the half-life for the slow component between 31 and 105 min. It appeared that the kidney and liver are major routes of elimination of trigramin from the circulation. The ability of trigramin to prolong bleeding time, as well as its rapid disappearance from the circulation, indicates that this peptide may be a useful compound to transiently prevent the ability of platelets to form thromboemboli without impairing their long-term hemostatic function.
Novel Lanthanocene Analogues of “Carbons Apart” Erba- and Dysprosacarboranes:  Synthetic and Structural Investigation (2002)

The reaction of closo-exo-5,6-Na(THF)2-1-Na(THF)2-2,4-(SiMe3)2-2,4-C2B4H4 (1) and anhydrous LnCl3, in a molar ratio of 3:1, in dry benzene at 60 °C produced novel lanthanocene analogues of metallacarborane complexes of the formula [Na3][1,1‘-[5,6-(μ-H)2-nido-2,4-(SiMe3)2-2,4-C2B4H4]-2,2‘,4,4‘-(SiMe3)4-1,1‘-commo-Ln(2,4-C2B4H4)2] (Ln = Er (2), Dy (3)) as yellow crystalline solids in 82% and 78% yields, respectively, thus establishing a new structural pattern for lanthanacarboranes.
Small hepatocellular carcinomas in chronic liver disease: detection with SPECT. (1986)

Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) performed using a rotating gamma camera was compared with alpha 1-fetoprotein (AFP) assay, conventional liver scintigraphy, ultrasound (US) imaging, computed tomography (CT), and selective celiac angiography in 40 patients with a total of 50 small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs; less than 5 cm). The detection rates of US and CT were determined on an initial screening study and on a second, more precisely focused study. The detection rate of small HCCs by the various modalities was as follows: AFP, 13%; liver scintigraphy, 36%; SPECT, 72%; initial screening US, 80%; second, more precise US studies, 94%; initial screening CT, 64%; second, more precise CT study, 82%; angiography, 88%. Although SPECT was inferior to the initial screening US examination in detecting HCCs less than 2 cm in size, its sensitivity was identical to that of the initial screening US study for detecting HCCs of 2-5 cm. The combination of SPECT and US was an excellent method for the early detection of HCCs, yielding a detection rate of 94%.
A coherent positron beam for reflection high-energy positron diffraction (2004)

A 10 keV positron beam has been developed using coaxially symmetric electromagnetic lenses for reflection high-energy positron diffraction (RHEPD) experiments. The beam brightness is ∼107 e+/s/cm2/rad2/V which is comparable to that obtained using brightness enhancement technique. The beam parallel and normal coherence lengths are over 100 and 40 Å, respectively, which are long enough to observe diffraction patterns associated with large surface super-structures. RHEPD patterns from a Si(111)-(7×7) reconstructed surface have been successfully observed with a much better quality than previously reported.
The genetic basis of pediatric renal disease. (1998)

The goals of this brief review are to provide current information on the pathogenesis of important genetic renal diseases that present in childhood and to discuss the impact of these fresh insights on the diagnosis of these conditions. Space limitations preclude detailed consideration of each disorder.
Degrees of freedom of interference channel with rank-deficient transfer matrix (2014)

We consider the interference channel with K transmitters and K receivers all having a single antenna, wherein the K × K transfer matrix representing this channel has rank D (D <; K) . The degrees of freedom (DoF) of such channels are not known as the rank deficiency in the transfer matrix creates algebraic dependencies between the channel coefficients. We present a modified version of the [CJ08] alignment scheme, to handle these dependencies while aligning interference, and state the sufficient conditions for achieving half rate per user using this scheme. The difficulties in proving these sufficient conditions are shown for K = 4 and K = 5. We also show that these sufficient conditions are not satisfied for K ≥ 6.
T cell receptor (TCR) BV gene repertoires and clonal expansions of CD4 cells in patients with HIV infections (1997)

Despite extensive investigation, the pathogenesis of T cell depletions that characterize AIDS has not been elucidated. To study this process further, we evaluated T cell antigen receptor beta-chain variable gene (TCRBV) repertoires in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of 23 HIV-infected patients. Expression levels of 28 TCRBV were determined by multiprobe RNase protection assay after polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifications. Abnormal expansions (> 2 s.d. from mean normal values) were frequent in HIV CD4, accounting for 26% of total measured TCRBV in this population. The number and magnitude of abnormalities among individuals were inversely proportional to their CD4 counts (P < 0.012 and P < 0.01, respectively). While abnormalities were not randomly distributed among TCRBV subfamilies, no particular genes were expanded or contracted among all patients. Only 14% of CD8 TCRBV were proportionally expanded (P < 0.01 compared with CD4), and there were limited concordances between paired CD8 and CD4 repertoires among individuals. CDR3 length analyses and TCRBV sequencing showed that most CD4 expansions comprised clonal or oligoclonal populations. Thus, T cell responses in HIV patients are characterized by severe TCRBV biases and clonal expansions among CD4 subsets, and these processes are exaggerated with disease progression. The heterogeneity and oligoclonality of the TCRBV expansions are consistent with responses to HIV-encoded or other conventional antigens rather than superantigenic effects. The presence of CD4 clonal proliferations in these patients may be important in the pathogenesis of HIV, and the absence or reduction of many T cell specificities due to oligoclonal expansions may increase susceptibility to opportunistic infections.
Blue-shifting of coherent plasmon radiation due to Landau damping (2007)

Restricting the wave vector of coherent plasmons excited by ultrashort laser pulses results in a frequency blue-shift of the emitted THz radiation, consistent with the onset of Landau damping.
Assuring ultra-clean environments in microsystem packages : irreversible and reversible getters. (2003)

A new generation of irreversible, chemically reacting getters specifically targeted toward assuring the integrity of the local environment within microsystem packages were developed and evaluated. These reactive getters incorporate volatile species into a polymer through covalent bonds, thus producing a non-volatile product. These reactive getters will be combined with getters that rely on absorption media (e.g. zeolites and high surface area carbon fibers) to scavenge non-reactive species, like solvents. Our getter systems will rely on device packaging to limit exchange between the microsystem and the global environment. Thus, the internal getters need only provide local environmental control within the microsystem package. A series of experiments were conducted to determine uptake rates and capacities absorption and reactive-based getters. Diffusion rates through the binder used to hold the getter particles together were also investigated. Getters were evaluated in environments with a saturated headspace and with a limited amount of the volatile species of interest. One- and two-dimensional numerical models and analysis techniques have been developed and used to predict the transport of contaminant species within a representative microsystem package consisting of an open gas-filled volume adjacent to a polymer layer containing embedded particles of getter. The two-dimensional model features explicit representation of the individual getter particles while the one-dimensional treatment assumes a homogeneous distribution of getter material within the getterlpolymer layer. Example calculations illustrate the dependence of getter performance on reaction rates, polymer diffusivity, and getter particle volume fraction. In addition, the model is used to deduce surface reaction rates, solid phase diffusivities, and maximum-loading densities by least-squares fitting of model predictions to measured histories of gas-phase contaminant concentration and getter weight gain.
High-Resolution Characterization of KIR Genes in a Large North American Cohort Reveals Novel Details of Structural and Sequence Diversity (2021)

The <i>KIR (killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor</i>) region is characterized by structural variation and high sequence similarity among genes, imposing technical difficulties for analysis. We undertook the most comprehensive study to date of <i>KIR</i> genetic diversity in a large population sample, applying next-generation sequencing in 2,130 United States European-descendant individuals. Data were analyzed using our custom bioinformatics pipeline specifically designed to address technical obstacles in determining <i>KIR</i> genotypes. Precise gene copy number determination allowed us to identify a set of uncommon gene-content <i>KIR</i> haplotypes accounting for 5.2% of structural variation. In this cohort, <i>KIR2DL4</i> is the framework gene that most varies in copy number (6.5% of all individuals). We identified phased high-resolution alleles in large multi-locus insertions and also likely founder haplotypes from which they were deleted. Additionally, we observed 250 alleles at 5-digit resolution, of which 90 have frequencies ≥1%. We found sequence patterns that were consistent with the presence of novel alleles in 398 (18.7%) individuals and contextualized multiple orphan dbSNPs within the <i>KIR</i> complex. We also identified a novel KIR2DL1 variant, Pro151Arg, and demonstrated by molecular dynamics that this substitution is predicted to affect interaction with HLA-C. No previous studies have fully explored the full range of structural and sequence variation of <i>KIR</i> as we present here. We demonstrate that pairing high-throughput sequencing with state-of-art computational tools in a large cohort permits exploration of all aspects of <i>KIR</i> variation including determination of population-level haplotype diversity, improving understanding of the <i>KIR</i> system, and providing an important reference for future studies.
Presence of arachldonic acid-like substance(s) in Thevitia neriifolia (1992)

Conference Article| November 01 1992 Presence of arachldonic acid-like substance(s) in Thevitia neriifolia ANWAR H. GILANI; ANWAR H. GILANI *Department of Pharmacology, The Aga Khan University Medical College, Karchi-74800 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar FARHANA SHAHEEN; FARHANA SHAHEEN *Department of Pharmacology, The Aga Khan University Medical College, Karchi-74800 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar QAYYUM ADIL; QAYYUM ADIL 2HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar SABIRA BEGUM; SABIRA BEGUM 2HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar BINA S. SIDDIQUI; BINA S. SIDDIQUI 2HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar SALIMUZZAMAN SIDDIQUI SALIMUZZAMAN SIDDIQUI 2HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1992) 20 (4): 358S. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst020358s Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation ANWAR H. GILANI, FARHANA SHAHEEN, QAYYUM ADIL, SABIRA BEGUM, BINA S. SIDDIQUI, SALIMUZZAMAN SIDDIQUI; Presence of arachldonic acid-like substance(s) in Thevitia neriifolia. Biochem Soc Trans 1 November 1992; 20 (4): 358S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst020358s Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1992 Biochemical Society1992 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
An Approach to XML Key Management Specification in X-Certificator (2005)

An overview of an XML Key Management Specification (XKMS) service is presented within this paper. In particular the services offered by an XKMS service and it's relationship to XML signature and encryption are addressed. The latter two technologies represent Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) ideals responsible for the security of information at any level of a document. XKMS delivers practicality to the XML security family by delivering an implemental framework of trust which is not present in the others. Inheriting the benefits of a client-server system, the main principle is to delegate complex PKI operations away from the client. Additionally an XML content management prototype is showcased, namely X-Certificator. Developed with object-oriented technologies as provided by NET, the prototype endeavours to link XML security with documents stored in a relational database. It concludes with the importance of trust with regard to XML security and the approach to take for implementing an XKMS service for use with X-Certificator.
Comparison of Child-Pugh (CP) criteria and NCI organ dysfunction working group (NCI-ODWG) criteria for hepatic dysfunction (HD): Implications for chemotherapy dosing (2004)

6051 Background: Patients with HD may require drug dose modification based on the severity of HD. HD is often assessed using CP criteria, the use of which is advocated by the FDA. CP criteria, originally developed for patients with end-stage liver disease, has 5 components -total bilirubin (TB), albumin, prothrombin time, ascites & encephalopathy. NCI-ODWG sponsored trials have used different criteria which utilize two objective and readily measurable laboratory parameters specifically - TB & aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Comparison of these 2 criteria has not been done previously. Methods: Forty-five patients with varying degrees of HD were enrolled in a Phase I clinical trial of imatinib mesylate. Data to assess CP score were collected prospectively, along with AST. Patients were stratified into 4 groups as per the NCI-ODWG criteria based on TB & AST: normal [TB & AST ≤ upper limit of normal (ULN)], mild HD (TB > ULN to 1.5 x ULN or AST > ULN), moderate HD (TB >1.5–3 x ULN, any AST) & severe HD (TB >3 - 10 x ULN, any AST). After calculating the CP score for each patient, the 2 criteria were compared. Results: Conclusions: When assessed with a composite index of TB & AST (NCI-ODWG criteria), normal-to-mild HD correlated with CP group A (where dose modification of chemotherapeutic agents is usually not necessary). Moderate-to-severe HD assessed by TB & AST correlated with CP groups B & C (where dose modification may be necessary). The NCI-ODWG index, using TB & AST, provides a simple & objective way of assessing HD & can be applied in outpatient clinics & clinical trials for dose modification of chemotherapy. In cancer patients, TB is the predominant factor in classifying the severity of HD . (Support: 1UO1-CA099168–01 & NIH/NCCR/GCRC #5M01 RR 00056) No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Integrated Microfluidic-Microoptical Detection Systems Fabricated by Dry Etching of Soda-Lime Glass (2006)

In this paper, a method of fabrication of a microfluidic system, integrated with fluorescence detection optics, is presented. Soda-lime glass is used as a substrate material, in which the waveguiding optics is fabricated by means of an ion exchange process, whereas the microfluidic channel is manufactured utilising reactive ion etching technique. Basic optical characteristics of the device are also reported.
RECENT SYNTHETIC APPLICATIONS OF N-NITROSAMINES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS (1987)

(1987). RECENT SYNTHETIC APPLICATIONS OF N-NITROSAMINES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 19, No. 2-3, pp. 83-159.