gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MODELING THE EFFECTS OF PASTURE EXPANSION ON EMISSIONS FROM LAND-USE CHANGE (2010)

We present a global agricultural greenhouse gas model that assesses emissions from land-use change. In addition to evaluating shifts in and out of crop production, we develop a pasture model to assess extensification and intensification of global livestock production based on herd size and stocking rate. We apply the model to a scenario that introduces a tax on me-thane emissions from cattle in the United States. The resulting expansion of pasture in the rest of the world leads to substantially higher emissions than without the tax. The yearly average emissions from the tax are 260 metric tons of CO2-equivalent.
A simple stress path analog for the triaxial test (1983)

A simple pneumatic stress path triaxial testing device has been designed. The components of the apparatus and the operation of the system is described. Typical results of drained tests on a sand are presented in order to illustrate the capabilities of the device as a stress path analog and to highlight briefly the stress path dependence of soil behaviour. Keywords: triaxial equipment, pneumatic, stress path.
Building diverse careers in clinical and translational research: Evaluation of a certificate program in translational research (2018)

Programs like the CPTR are needed to train investigators to advance biomedical discoveries into population health.
Acquisition of Temporal Order Involves a Reverberating Network in Hippocampal Field CA3 (2019)

Abstract Here we report that hippocampal field CA3 maintains self-sustained activity for remarkable periods following a brief input and that this effect is extremely sensitive to minor perturbations. Using novel behavioral tests, that as with human episodic learning do not involve training or explicit rewards, we show that partial silencing of the network in mice blocks acquisition of temporal order, but not the identity or location, of odors. These results suggest a solution to the question of how hippocampus adds time to episodic memories.
Observation of <i>K</i>α. X-ray satellites from a target heated by an intense ion beam (1990)

We have made the first observation of K α X-ray satellites from a target heated by an intense ion beam. The satellites are produced when thermal ionization due to beam heating is accompanied by inner-shell ionization from beam ion impact. The Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator II was used to irradiate a conical aluminum target with a proton beam. The nominal beam parameters were 50–75 kJ in a 1-cm spot, 15–20-ns pulse length, and 4–5-MeV protons at peak power. An elliptical crystal X-ray spectrograph inside a 1000-kg tungsten shield was used to record the spectra. The peak ion stage reached by the aluminum target was +8. Collisional radiative calculations were performed, which indicate a peak electron temperature of 20–60 eV.
Evaluation of drug-induced neurotoxicity based on metabolomics, proteomics and electrical activity measurements in complementary CNS in vitro models (2015)

The present study was performed in an attempt to develop an in vitro integrated testing strategy (ITS) to evaluate drug-induced neurotoxicity. A number of endpoints were analyzed using two complementary brain cell culture models and an in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) model after single and repeated exposure treatments with selected drugs that covered the major biological, pharmacological and neuro-toxicological responses. Furthermore, four drugs (diazepam, cyclosporine A, chlorpromazine and amiodarone) were tested more in depth as representatives of different classes of neurotoxicants, inducing toxicity through different pathways of toxicity. The developed in vitro BBB model allowed detection of toxic effects at the level of BBB and evaluation of drug transport through the barrier for predicting free brain concentrations of the studied drugs. The measurement of neuronal electrical activity was found to be a sensitive tool to predict the neuroactivity and neurotoxicity of drugs after acute exposure. The histotypic 3D re-aggregating brain cell cultures, containing all brain cell types, were found to be well suited for OMICs analyses after both acute and long term treatment. The obtained data suggest that an in vitro ITS based on the information obtained from BBB studies and combined with metabolomics, proteomics and neuronal electrical activity measurements performed in stable in vitro neuronal cell culture systems, has high potential to improve current in vitro drug-induced neurotoxicity evaluation.
High pressure microwave-assisted flow digestion system using a large volume reactor-feasibility for further analysis by inductively coupled plasma-based techniques (2015)

Food and biological samples were digested automatically in a high pressure (40 bar) flow digestion system with a large volume reactor (13.5 mL heated volume).
Application of a game-theoretic energy management algorithm in a hybrid predictive-adaptive scenario (2011)

Demand response is considered as a technique to address Smart Grid requirements such as reduction of peak electricity production, improving stability and integration of renewable electricity. In this paper an automated DR mechanism is implemented by applying game-theoretic principles to the interaction and dependency of individual consumer requirements. Game theory has been used as an abstraction of consumer behavior to create an optimal load schedule in a day-ahead electricity market for a group of households. This abstraction is then taken further into a real-time scenario where automated home energy managing devices attempt to maintain Nash equilibrium under persistent varying unplanned electricity consumption.
Genetic Variants Associated With Myocardial Infarction Risk Factors in Over 8000 Individuals From Five Ethnic Groups (2009)

Thirteen common SNPs were associated with MI risk factors. Importantly, SNPs associated with Apo B levels were associated with MI, whereas SNPs associated with Apo A1 levels were not. The Apo E isoform, and 2 common low-density lipoprotein receptor variants (rs1433099 and rs6511720) influence MI risk in this multiethnic sample.
A Framework for Microworld-style Construction Kits (2000)

We describe a genre of game-like construction kits and an extensible Java framework that mod-els method and structures for generating them. We include descriptions of the kitsćonceptual bases and design principles, and explain how work with users of the ¨Kit for Kits¨framework in-formed modifications promoting use by people with a broad range of expertise in programming, design, multimedia production, and learning theory. Continued development of the framework is informed by museum-based contexts for kit use.
Phagocyte-Inspired Smart Microcapsules (2019)

Phagocytes protect the organism by ingesting harmful foreign particles and cells. We use mesoscale computer simulations to design a phagocyte-inspired active microcapsule that is capable of selectively capturing nanoparticles dispersed in solvent. Our fully synthetic microdevice is actuated by a temperature-sensitive microgel enclosed inside a perforated spherical shell. The shell pores are decorated with a copolymer brush that regulates the transport of solutes into the capsule interior. When exposed to an external stimulus, the microgel swells, expanding through the shell pores to make contact with the nanoparticle-rich solution surrounding the capsule. Upon removal of the external stimulus, the gel retracts back into the shell, bringing along with it captured nanoparticles. We probe how periodic application of the stimulus combined with nanoparticle-microgel adhesion enable selectivity and enhance capturing efficiency of our nature-inspired microdevice.
The Reduction of Some 9,10-Dihydroxy-9,10-dihydro Derivatives of Phenanthrene and Anthracene (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reduction of Some 9,10-Dihydroxy-9,10-dihydro Derivatives of Phenanthrene and AnthraceneRobert W. Rimmer, Robert G. Christiansen, Robert K. Brown, and Reuben B. SandinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 5, 2298–2299Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01161a525https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01161a525research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views240Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gene expression analysis of microdissected human prostate cancer (2005)

1649 At present, there are few if any molecular markers that can distinguish between moderate-grade and aggressive (high-grade) tumors, and androgen dependent (AD) and androgen independent (AI) tumors. Using microarray analysis of frozen laser capture microdissected (LCM) prostate tissue specimens, we previously identified genes whose expression profiles segregated moderate- and high-grade AD tumors from each other and AI tumors from AD tumors. To complete the validation process, we are developing and utilizing both standard and novel techniques, relying primarily on qRT-PCR, but also employing DIfferential Gene locus MAPping (DIGMAP) comparison, expression microdissection (xMD), and indirect Layered Peptide Arrays (iLPA). Measurement and analysis of 13 high- and moderate-grade human prostate tumors showed an expression profile of 136 genes that differed significantly (p
Modified electronic speckle pattern interferometer employing an off-axis reference beam (1991)

A new arrangment for an electronic speckle pattern interferometer is reported in which an off-axis reference beam is used, thereby eliminating alignment problems.
Characterization of DUV and VUV optical components (2002)

In order to improve the efficiency of optical components for microlithography, metrology for comprehensive characterization of DUV and VUV radiation and the related optics has been developed at Laser-Laboratorium Göttingen. The performance of optical components is assessed by measuring absorptance, scatter losses and damage thresholds during ArF and F<SUB>2</SUB> laser irradiation. Absolute linear and non-linear absorption coefficients are determined by high-resolution laser calorimetry, which provides greatly enhanced accuracy as compared to transmissive measurements. This technique accomplishes also fast monitoring of laser induced degradation phenomena. The absorptance data are compared with the results of accompanying high-resolution laser-induced fluorescence measurements. For an assessment of the optical quality of DUV/VUV optics, a specially designed wavefront analyzer based on the Hartmann-Shack principle is employed. This device, which also allows accurate beam characterization of ArF and F<SUB>2</SUB> laser in the near- and far-field, can be used as an alternative to interferometric measurements for 'at wavelength' testing of optics, e.g. for on-line monitoring of compaction or lens heating in fused silica.
Metallocenylborane, IV. Diborylverbindungen des Ferrocens und Cymantrens. (1976)

Ferrocene reacts with BI 3 and BBr 3 to give 1,1′-bis(dihalogenboryl)ferrocenes; the cyclopentadienylring in cymantrene is twice borylated by BI 3 . By halogen exchange with AsF 3 and AsCl 3 , by methylation with Sn(CH 3 ) 4 , by cleavage of (C 2 H 5 ) 2 O, by redox reaction with (CH 3 S) 2 and by reaction with (C 2 H 5 ) 2 NH the corresponding diborylferrocenes are obtained. The air-sensitive halogenborylferrocenes form donor-acceptor compounds with Lewis bases. 1 H, 11 B and 13 C NMR data reflect increasing π-acceptor properties with increasing Lewis acidity of the boryl groups.
Microfluidic generation of a high volume fraction of bubbles in droplets (2010)

We present a microfluidic approach for the generation of water droplets containing a high volume fraction of gas bubbles and we provide a design principle for microbubble-based pressure sensing inside channels.
Adenosine preconditions against endothelin-induced constriction of coronary arterioles (2000)

Myocardial hypoperfusion is accompanied by concomitant increases in adenosine and endothelin-1 (ET-1) production, but the vasodilatory effect of adenosine prevails over that of ET-1. Therefore, we hypothesized that adenosine-induced or ischemic preconditioning reduces the vasoconstrictive effect of ET-1. Coronary arteriolar diameter in vivo was measured using fluorescence microangiography in anesthetized open-thorax dogs. ET-1 (5 ng. kg(-1). min(-1) administered intracoronary, n = 10) induced progressive constriction over 45 min [25 +/- 6% (SE)]. The constriction was blocked by preconditioning with adenosine (25 microgram. kg(-1). min(-1) administered intracoronary) for 20 min and 10 min of washout (n = 10) or attenuated by ischemic preconditioning (four 5-min periods of ischemia, 9 +/- 5% at 45 min). To investigate the receptor involved in this process, coronary arterioles (50-150 micrometer) were isolated and pressurized at 60 mmHg in vitro. The ET-1 dose-response curve (1 pM-5 nM) was rightward shifted after preconditioning with adenosine (1 microM) for 20 min and 10 min of washout (n = 11). Blockade of A(2) receptors [8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine, 1 microM, n = 9] but not A(1) receptors (8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine, 100 nM, n = 7) prevented this shift. These results suggest that adenosine confers a vascular preconditioning effect, mediated via the A(2) receptor, against endothelin-induced constriction. This effect may offer a new protective function of adenosine in preventing excessive coronary constriction.
Variations in paranasal sinus anatomy: implications for the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis and safety of endoscopic sinus surgery. (2009)

Bony anatomic variants do not increase the risk of sinus mucosal disease. However, anatomic variants with a potential impact on operative safety occur frequently and need to be specifically sought as part of preoperative evaluation.
Characteristics of SnO<sub>x</sub>-ZnO Composite Film on Poly Ethylene Terephalate (PET) Substrate Prepared by ECR-MOCVD (2007)

Zinc oxide and tin oxide (ZnSnOx) films on PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) substrate were prepared by the electron cyclotron resonance-metal organic chemical vapor deposition (ECR-MOCVD) under an hydrogen, oxygen and argon atmosphere. The used tin and zinc precursor are TMT (tetramethyltin) and DEZn(diethylzinc), respectively. The metal (Zinc and Tin) oxidation content plays an important role to control the optical and electrical characteristics of the films. Therefore the optimum DEZn/TMT content can be determined by the counter stability effect between oxidation and zinc-tin deposition. The obtained ZnSnOx (or SnOx-ZnO) of high mobility films exhibited c.a. 7.0×10-3 ohm ·cm of electrical resistivity.
[Scintigraphic estimation of dearterialization after transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization therapy]. (1989)

Radionuclide angiography was performed by bolus injection of 99mTc-phytate in 10 patients with liver neoplasms before and after the transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization therapy. The ratio of the slopes of the upstrokes for the hepatic arterial and abdominal aortic first transit curves constitutes the regional hepatic arterial to aortic blood flow ratio (RHA/A ratio), which represents quantitatively the arterial blood flow of hepatic region of interest as a fraction of aortic blood flow. The degree of embolic dearterialization was estimated by the change of this ratio derives from the same region of interest for each patient before and after the embolization. The values and post-embolic reduction of the ratio correlated well individually with the angiographic features and other patients' data. The arterial blood supply to the tumor could not be reducted using Lipiodol alone as the embolic material in only 1 case. The finding that the splenic arterial to aortic blood flow ratio (S/A ratio), calculated in the same way, was practically unchanged after the hepatic arterial embolization indicates the good reproducibility of these measurements. This noninvasive method may be helpful to evaluate the therapeutic effect of hepatic arterial embolization.
Oestrogen Modulation of Excitatory Al Noradrenergic Input to Rat Medial Preoptic Gamma Aminobutyric Acid Neurones Demonstrated by Microdialysis (1990)

The effect of A1 cell group electrical stimulation on the simultaneous release of endogenous noradrenaline (NA) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) from the medial preoptic area (MPOA) was monitored with microdialysis. In ovariectomised (OVX) rats a 15-min period of A1 stimulation induced an immediate increase in both NA and GABA release in the MPOA. Electrical stimulation lateral to the A1 region did not alter NA or GABA release. The addition of the alpha-adrenergic antagonist phenoxybenzamine to the perfusion medium resulted in a significant increase in basal NA levels, and electrical stimulation during this period further increased NA release while GABA levels were not significantly altered throughout. The effect of oestrogen on this pathway was examined in animals at a time of oestrogen-negative feedback on luteinising hormone (LH) secretion (OVX-EBn) and prior to the expected oestrogen-induced LH surge (OVX-EBp). Activation of A1 neurones in OVX-EBn rats resulted in NA and GABA increases in the MPOA similar to that observed with OVX rats. In OVX-EBp animals, basal GABA levels were found to be significantly higher compared with OVX rats but NA release induced by A1 stimulation had no effect on GABA levels. Depolarisation of the MPOA by increasing the potassium ion concentration of the perfusion medium evoked significantly greater GABA release from OVX-EBp rats compared with the OVX and OVX-EBn animals. Potassium-stimulated NA release was not significantly altered by oestrogen administration. These results demonstrate an excitatory alpha-adrenergic mediated noradrenergic input to GABA neurones in the MPOA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
PROSPECTIVE RANDOMISED COMPARISON OF FEMOROPATELLAR FUNCTION WITH FOUR TYPES OF TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY (2004)

Purpose: This comparative study of femoropatellar function in four types of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was conducted to demonstrate the relation between the form of the femoropatellar articulation and the function outcome achieved with these prostheses. Material and methods: Forty patients who had undergone first-intention TKA for primary degenerative joint disease were selected at random. Minimum follow-up was one year. The functional IKDC score was greater than 85/100. All TKA had been inserted without preservation of the posterior cruciate ligament. Four types of prostheses were used: - posterior stabilised prosthesis with a fixed plateau, toric trochlea, cemented dome patella (n=10); - TKA with a rotating platform, 2-facet trochlae, rotatory congruent patella (n=10); - TKA with a rotating platform, 2-facet trochale, without resurfacing (n=10); - TKA with a rotating platform, hollow anatomic trochlae (n=10). The following parameters were studied prospectively: - pain assessed on a visual analogue scale; - clinical assessment of going up and down stairs (normal, step-by-step, with handrail); - kinematic assessment of active flexion extension (0°–120°) during which the position of the patella was measured in the three planes and the trajectory of the patella was noted in comparison with the healthy side and with the moment of the quadriceps; - efficacy of the quadriceps (Cibex). Results: The kinematic data demonstrated a significant difference between: - TKAs with a dome patella and those with an anatomic patella; - TKAs with an anatomic trochlae and those with a hollow trochlae; This difference basically involved the patellar tilt, lateral subluxation of the patella, and especially, the patellar trajectory between 20° and 90°, the toric trochlae with a dome patella having a more anterior trajectory than the normal knee. The clinical and functional study showed that: - the percentage of totally pain-free femoropatellar articulations was higher for the hollow anatomic trochlae (96%) than for the three other types (75%) (p = 0.04); - the stairs function was better for all the anatomic trochlae compared with the dome trochlae (p = 0.05); - the efficacy of the quadriceps was the same for the four types of TKA. Discussion and conclusion: This study confirms the theoretic work reported by Walker and the clinical work reported by Andriacchi on the anterior curvature of the trochlae and the kinematic work reported by Stichl on the advantage of anatomic trochlae. These findings point out the advantage of the hollow anatomic trochlae where the patella is applied on the trochlear groove situated at the same depth as the normal trochlae, which is not the case with most TKAs. This advantage is seen by the absence of pain and by the propulsion when climbing stairs.
Cognitive Radio Networks as Sensor Networks (2007)

Cognitive radios are wireless communication networks that learn and adapt to variations in interference environment by changing their transmission and reception parameters, and as a result achieve much higher spectral efficiency and reliability. The technology relies on rapid and accurate sensing of interference characteristics such as detection and localization of interferers, concepts that have been studied in other frameworks in sensor networks. Cooperative sensing techniques can be applied to cognitive radio systems to increase reliability and accuracy of sensing of the interference environment.
A plate meter inadequately estimated herbage mass in a semi‐arid grassland (2009)

Abstract A resting plate meter was tested in the laboratory and on a field site to determine its effectiveness for estimating peak herbage mass on semi‐arid grasslands. In laboratory tests, data from the plate meter closely predicted the herbage mass of four perennial bunch grasses (thirteen of sixteen tests with r 2 ≥ 0·90) but the closeness of the prediction varied with the pressure of the plate. Field tests took place on a southern Arizona, USA semi‐arid grassland in 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008. Twenty teams of two or three people sampled the site; five teams in each year measured eight to thirteen plate heights and clipped the vegetation beneath. Consistent with a need for yearly calibration, a significantly different ( P < 0·05) linear relationship was detected between 3 of the 4 years which was associated with differences in average herbage mass of dry matter (DM) (1525 kg ha −1 for 2005, 2093 kg ha −1 for 2006, 1338 kg ha −1 for 2007 and 1370 kg ha −1 for 2008). Plate height poorly predicted herbage mass within years ( r 2 = 0·21, 0·51, 0·49 and 0·41 respectively) with plate heights explaining half or less of the variability in field herbage mass and having a mean prediction error of 466 kg DM ha −1 . The plate meter technique had limited potential for estimating peak herbage mass in semi‐arid grasslands.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF CHARLES CONRAD MILLER, “FEATURAL SURGEON” (1977)

Boston, Mass. From the Division of Plastic Surgery of Peter Bent Brigham Hospital and the Children's Hospital Medical Center, Harvard Medical School.