gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human platelet antigen 1 (HPA 1) genotyping with 5′ nuclease assay and sequence‐specific primers reveals a single nucleotide deletion in intron 2 of the HPA 1a allele of platelet glycoprotein IIIa (2002)

We have established a 5' nuclease assay (5' NA) for human platelet antigen (HPA) 1a/b allelic discrimination. The assay is based on the simultaneous amplification and detection of the two targets in a one-tube system. The results are read optically, immediately after termination of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and no post-PCR processing is necessary. This genotyping procedure is less time-consuming and cheaper than our conventional sequence-specific primer PCR (SSP-PCR), which is run as a two-tube test, with verification of the results after electrophoresis in agarose gel. The reduction of analytical steps, simplification of the procedure and potential for automation were important advantages for our choice of system. This test system is more suitable for large-scale testing and fits better for our screening programme for HPA 1bb determination. DNA from 1093 individuals were tested in parallel with the SSP-PCR and the 5' NA. One thousand and ninety-one samples gave identical results in SSP-PCR and 5' NA. Upon repeated testing, two samples consistently came out as HPA 1bb in SSP-PCR and HPA 1ab in 5' NA. DNA sequencing revealed a defect located in an intronic area that corresponds to the consensus primer used for the SSP-PCR HPA 1a typing.
Ellipsoid–hyperboloid x-ray imaging instrument for laser-pellet diagnostics (1975)

Analysis of an x-ray imaging system employing ellipsoid and hyperboloid mirrors that are confocal and coaxial indicates that spatial resolution of 1-3 microm can be obtained. The useful field of view is hundreds of microns, and the collecting solid angle is at least 10(3) times that of a pinhole camera. The instrument has application to the diagnostics of laser-pellet interactions.
Modern Environmentalism (2002)

Modern Environmentalism presents a comprehensive introduction to environmentalism, the origins of its main beliefs and ideas, and how these relate to modern environmental ideologies. Providing a historical overview of the development of attitudes to nature and the environment in society, the book examines key environmentalist ideas, influences and movements. Science's role in mediating our view of nature is emphasised throughout. This entirely new account draws on the explosion of writing on socio-environment relations since Pepper's earlier work, The Roots of Modern Environmentalism.
Nephrotoxicity of Cyclosporin A in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (1990)

Renal function was studied in 18 patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. All were participating in the Canadian-European randomized placebo-controlled cyclosporin trial in newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetic patients, nine being randomized to placebo, and nine to cyclosporin A. During treatment for 12 to 18 months, cyclosporin A caused significant reductions in the glomerular filtration rate (before drug withdrawal, cyclosporin 97 +/- 18 vs placebo 125 +/- 16 ml min-1 1.73-m-2, p less than 0.05), renal plasma flow (454 +/- 83 vs 536 +/- 70 ml min-1 1.73-m-2, p less than 0.05), and lithium clearance (17 +/- 3 vs 28 +/- 5 ml min-1 1.73-m-2, p less than 0.05). The fractional proximal reabsorption was increased (0.82 +/- 0.03 vs 0.78 +/- 0.03, p less than 0.05), and the fractional distal sodium reabsorption reduced (0.88 +/- 0.03 vs 0.94 +/- 0.02, p less than 0.05). These results are in accordance with the hypothesis that the nephrotoxic effect of cyclosporin A results from a preferential constriction of afferent glomerular vessels. One year after withdrawal of the drug, all variables were similar in the two groups, except for blood glucose control which was worse in the cyclosporin A treated group. When corrected for differences in blood glucose control it appeared that in three out of nine patients glomerular filtration rate had not completely returned to the reference range of the placebo group. We conclude that the nephrotoxic side-effects of cyclosporin A treatment for 1 year are reversible. There are, however, signs of minor and perhaps chronic renal injury.
Bildung siliciumorganischer Verbindungen. 94. Die Kristallstruktur des Hexaphenyltrisilacyclohexans Si<sub>3</sub>C<sub>39</sub>H<sub>36</sub> (1983)

Abstract 1,1,3,3,5,5‐Hexaphenyl‐1,3,5‐trisilacyclohexan kristallisiert monoklin in der Raumgruppe P2 1 /n (Nr. 14) mit a = 1718,3 pm, b = 1769,2 pm, c = 1091,4 pm, β = 90,72° und Z = 4 Molekülen pro Elementarzelle. Das Trisilacyclohexangerüst liegt in einer deutlich abgeflachten Twistboot‐Konformation vor mit den mittleren Bindungswinkeln von 110,0° bzw. 117,9° an den Si‐Atomen bzw. den C‐Atomen im Ring. Die mittleren SiC‐Abstände betragen ·187,1 pm im Ring und 187,9 pm zu den Substituenten.
Temperature tuned noncritical phase-matching inLi <sub>2</sub> B <sub>4</sub> O <sub>7</sub> for generation of CW laser radiation at 244 nm (1999)

Using temperature tuning in Li2B4O7 at 90° phase-matching, efficient extracavity second harmonic generation of up to 8 mW CW laser power at 244 nm is reported.
Lack of preventive effect of branched-chain amino acid solution on postoperative hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: a randomized, prospective trial. (1988)

The purpose of this randomized, prospective study was to determine whether the infusion of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA)-enriched solution had a preventive effect for treating postoperative hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis. Among the 56 patients with cirrhosis, 29 were given BCAA-enriched solution, and 27 were given the conventional amino acid solution for 14 days postoperatively. These groups were indistinguishable with regard to clinical and laboratory criteria at entry, except by sex. The molar ratio of BCAA to aromatic amino acids in the BCAA group was increased postoperatively, whereas the ratio in the control group was decreased, the difference being statistically significant. Among the 29 who received BCAA, three (10.3%) had hepatic encephalopathy; two died and one recovered. Of the 27 control patients, hepatic encephalopathy occurred in three (11.1%); one died and two recovered. There was no significant difference in rate of occurrence of hepatic encephalopathy between the groups. Thus the infusion of BCAA-enriched solution apparently had no preventive effect with regard to hepatic encephalopathy for patients with cirrhosis who underwent surgical treatment.
Fast and Robust Ellipse Extraction from Complicated Images (2002)

In this paper, we present a fast and robust ellipse extraction method. The proposed method can extract ellipses with high accuracy and speed from images with complicated backgrounds. It consists of two parts. First, we extract arc segments from an ellipse approximated by short straight lines that are extracted by a fast line extraction algorithm. Second, the arc segments are used to calculate accurate ellipse parameters with a least squares ellipse fitting algorithm. Tests performed on synthetic and real-world images show that the method quickly and accurately extracts circles from complicated images.
Monte Carlo simulation of electron penetration through thin films of PMMA (1978)

The electron penetration through thin films of PMMA has been simulated using two different Monte Carlo approaches. One approach is conventional, in that the energy loss of the electron along its trajectory is computed using the continuous-slowing-down approximation. The statistical nature of inelastic scattering events, as well as the elastic scattering events, is taken into account in the second approach, which is based on an extension of Gryzinski’s semiempirical expression for the excitation of core electrons and also the excitation of valence electrons through the use of an appropriate mean binding energy. The energy distribution of transmitted electrons through PMMA films of various thicknesses obtained by both methods are compared. The second approach is shown to give a more realistic answer for the transmitted electron energy distribution.
ORAL ETIDRONATE HAS NO THERAPEUTIC EFFECT ON PERIPROSTHETIC BONE LOSS AFTER CEMENTED HIP ARTHROPLASTY: A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMISED STUDY (2006)

Periprosthetic bone loss is identified after inserting a hip prosthesis and is many times a result of stress shielding or altered loading of the proximal femur. Depending on the severity, the bone loss may threaten the prosthesis survival. The current study investigated the effect of cyclic etidronate therapy on periprosthetic and contralateral bone mineral density (BMD) in an one-year, prospective, randomized, double-blind study on 46 patients after cemented hip arthroplasty. Etidronate was administered orally in a regimen repeated every 14 weeks and periprosthetic BMD was measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in the total periprosthetic area and in the seven Gruen Zones at 1 week (baseline), 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively. In the etidronate group there were significant temporal BMD decreases measured in Gruen Zones 2, 3, 6, and 7 as well as in the entire proximal femur; the greatest decrease was 11.1% and was measured in Zone 2 at 12 months. Also in the etidronate group, there was a significant 3.4% increase in BMD of the spine at 12 months. In the placebo group there were significant temporal BMD decreases measured in Gruen Zones 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7 as well as in the entire proximal; the greatest decrease was 16.4% and was measured in Zone 7 at 12 months. There were no significant differences between the mean BMD measurements of the etidronate and placebo groups with the exception of the mean percent change in the spine at 6 months and 12 months, and in Gruen Zone 3 at 6 months; in all three cases the etidronate group had significantly greater mean values. These findings suggest that cyclic etidronate therapy has no significant effect in surpressing the periprosthetic bone loss following cemented hip arthroplasty.
Dextromethorphan and caffeine as probes for simultaneous determination of debrisoquin-oxidation and N-acetylation phenotypes in children (1989)

The feasibility and reliability of simultaneously determining debrisoquin oxidation and N-acetylation phenotypes was assessed in children with use of two innocuous substrate probes given by mouth, 30 mg dextromethorphan (Pertussin ES) and 25 to 46 mg caffeine (Coca-Cola beverage). Twenty-six children and adolescents (aged 3 to 21 years) were studied three times, once with each substrate given alone and once with the two substrates given together. Urine was collected for 4 hours, and the molar urinary metabolic ratios for dextromethorphan:dextrorphan and for two caffeine metabolites (AFMU:1X) were determined by HPLC ultraviolet assays. The urinary metabolic ratios for both substrates were not significantly different when the substrates were given alone compared with when they were given together. There also was no difference in either the oxidation or acetylation phenotype assignments when the two substrates were given alone and when they were given together. No adverse effects were observed. We conclude that dextromethorphan and caffeine can be given together to simultaneously determine oxidation and acetylation phenotypes and can thereby provide an innocuous, noninvasive method for the assessment of polymorphic drug metabolism in various pediatric populations.
A novel locus for arterial hypertension on chromosome 1p36 maps to a metabolic syndrome trait cluster in the Sorbs, a Slavic population isolate in Germany* (2009)

Our results suggest that this locus contributes to the metabolic syndrome, and that further attention in this and other populations is warranted.
Aminomalonic acid: Identification i atherosclerotic plaque (acidic amino acids/fi-carboxyaspartic acid/y-carboxyglutamic acid/l (2016)

Aminomalonic acid (Ama) has been isolated from proteins of Escherichia coli and human atherosclerotic plaque. The presence of Ama has important biological implica- tions because the malonic acid moiety potentially imparts cal- cium binding properties to protein. Ama was obtained by an- aerobic alkaline hydrolysis and identified by chromatographic behavior, quantitative acid-mediated decarboxylation to gly- cine, and unambiguous gas chromatographic/mass spectral detection. The chromatographic, chemical, and mass spectral properties of naturally occurring Ama were identical to those of the synthetic compound. Amino acid analysis and GC/mass spectrometry also revealed the presence of f-carboxyaspartic acid and y-carboxyglutamic acid in the base hydrolysate of human atherosclerotic plaque. The ratio of Ama to j-carboxy- aspartic acid to y-carboxyglutamic acid was 20:1:10, and the quantity of Ama per 1,000 glycine residues was 0.2.: Ama is a relatively unstable', minor amino acid in complex structures such as bacteria or tissues. This may explain why it has es- caped detection previously, despite intensive investigation.
Evaluation of Adaptive Computing Concepts for Classical ERP Systems and Enterprise Services (2007)

To ensure the operability and reliability of large scale Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (ERP), a peak-load oriented hardware sizing is often used, which results in low average utilization. Better utilization can be achieved by employing an adaptive infrastructure based on smaller computational units like Blade servers in combination with an intelligent allocation management. The SAP University Competence Center (German SAP Hochschul Competence Center, SAP HCC) at the Technische Universit?at M?unchen provides support for 55 ERP training systems and is based on a scalable architecture of 96 Blade servers. The evaluation of the historical load data revealed that many applications exhibit cyclical resource consumption. The identified load patterns can be used for static and dynamic allocation optimization, leading to wellbalanced load and to reduced future investments in hardware. In this paper we show the extraction of load patterns and present self-organizing controlling concepts in the context of the SAP HCC. This practical evaluation of theoretical adaptive computing concepts is of particular importance for emerging service oriented architectures (SOA), where techniques for a flexible and dynamic resource allocation play a decisive role.
Improving the stability and mechanical resistance of capsules for encapsulation of S. cerevisiae (2010)

Nowadays, fuel ethanol is both used as a substitute and an additive to the conventional fossil fuels and the interest in converting lignocellulose to fuel ethanol has expanded in the last few decades. Lignocellulose is attractive as raw material due to its high abundance and low price.\nHowever, chemical hydrolysis or pre-treatment of lignocelluloses creates several components that are toxic to fermenting organisms and makes cultivation complicated. By using encapsulated yeast, one can overcome this problem. In encapsulation, the yeast cells are confined inside a capsule composed of an outer semi-permeable membrane and an inner liquid core (Fig. 1). Encapsulation is an attractive method since it can improve the cell stability and inhibitor tolerance, increase the biomass concentration, and decrease the cost of cell recovery, recycling, downstream processing, and fermentation time. \nMechanical resistance is a key parameter together with permeability for the success of an encapsulation system. In order to improve the robustness of the capsules we are testing different cross linkers to introduce covalent bonds to the chitosan-alginate matrix. By treating chitosan covered alginate capsules with glutaraldehyde the capsules became harder and less elastic. \nOne big disadvantage in using crosslinking agent is, however, that they are toxic for the yeast. If the encapsulated yeast is treated at too harsh conditions they will die. Although, to improve the capsules mechanical strength the membrane have to be crosslinked to a satisfying degree. We have examined different capsule-treatments and found some encouraging results when applying repetitive treatments with crosslinking agent.
NONDIMENSIONAL CALCULATION OF TURBULENT BOUNDARY-LAYER DEVELOPMENT IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL NOZZLES OF SUPERSONIC WIND TUNNELS (1962)

Abstract : The method developed by Maurice Tucker (Approximate Calculation of Turbulent Boundary Layer Development in Compressible Flow, NACA TN 2337, 1951) for calculating the growth of turbulent boundary layers in two-dimensional compressible flow has been adapted to the computation of a dimensionless boundary-layer parameter. Equations and calculational procedures are presented for correcting two-dimensional supersonic nozzles for boundary-layer growth using only one or two tables, depending on the geometry. The tables are supplied for the Mach number range fro 1.5 to 8.0. Agreement of calculated data with measured data and effect of Mach number distribution are shown.
Roger Yonchien Tsien, 錢永健 2008 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry 2004 Wolf Laureate in Medicine (2019)

American Chinese biochemist Roger Yonchien Tsien has revolutionized the fields of cell biology and neurobiology by formulating ways which allow scientists to use novel fluorescent proteins to track the behavior of intracellular molecules in real time. For this scientific contribution, Roger was awarded the Wolf Prize in Medicine in 2004. Roger also shared the glory of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2008 with two other distinguished scientists: Osamu Shimomura (下村修) from Boston University and Martin Chalfie from Columbia University. These three scientists were selected to receive the award for their works on the green fluorescent protein (綠色螢光蛋白質)…
Truncation of the receptor carboxyl terminus impairs agonist-dependent phosphorylation and desensitization of the alpha 1B-adrenergic receptor. (1994)

The alpha 1B-adrenergic receptor (alpha 1BAR) and its truncated mutant T368 lacking the last 147 amino acids were stably expressed in Rat1 fibroblasts. The wild type alpha 1BAR was rapidly phosphorylated upon exposure to the agonist epinephrine as well as to phorbol ester as assessed by immunoprecipitation of the receptor with antiserum raised against its amino-terminal portion. Exposure of cells expressing the wild type alpha 1BAR to epinephrine resulted also in rapid homologous desensitization of receptor-mediated response on polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis. On the other hand, truncation of the serine- and threonine-rich carboxyl portion of the alpha 1BAR abolished agonist-induced phosphorylation and greatly impaired homologous desensitization of the receptor. The truncated receptor T368 could undergo agonist-induced decrease of cell surface receptors but to a lesser extent, as compared with the wild type alpha 1BAR. These results demonstrate that the carboxyl portion of the alpha 1BAR plays a crucial role in the regulation of receptor function. They also suggest a strong relationship between agonist-induced phosphorylation and desensitization of the alpha 1BAR, which were both insensitive to the inhibitor of protein kinase C RO-318220. Our findings support the emerging hypothesis that the biochemical mechanisms involved in rapid agonist-dependent regulation of G protein-coupled receptors, which activate polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis, do not primarily involve protein kinase C.
Vinyl‐Kationen, 32. Solvolysereaktionen von Cyclononinyl‐ und Cyclooctinylderivaten (1980)

Abstract 5‐Cyclononin‐1‐yl‐(4‐nitrobenzoat) ( 11 ), 4‐Cyclononin‐1‐yl‐(4‐nitrobenzoat) ( 12 ) und 4‐Cyclooctin‐1‐yl‐(4‐nitrobenzoat) ( 13 ) wurden synthetisiert und ihre Solvolysereaktionen in verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln untersucht. 11 lagert bei der Solvolyse in 50proz. wäßrigem Ethanol unter transanularer Beteiligung der Dreifachbindung über die Vinyl‐Kation‐Zwischenstufe 20 praktisch quantitativ in Bicyclo[4.3.0]nonan‐2‐on ( 21 ) um. Dagegen solvolysieren die 4‐Nitrobenzoate 12 und 13 trotz räumlicher Nähe von Dreifachbindung und funktionellem C‐Atom ohne transanulare Reaktion. Dies deutet darauf hin, daß unter Solvolysebedingungen die gespannten bicyclischen Vinyl‐Kationen 29 – 32 nicht als Zwischenstufen gebildet werden.
rTMS for the treatment of auditory phantom perceptions (2005)

The pathophysiological mechanisms of idiopathic tinnitus remain unclear. Recent studies demonstrated focal brain activation in the auditory cortex of patients suffering from chronic tinnitus. Low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is able to reduce cortical hyperexcitability. Patients suffering from severe chronic tinnitus underwent a [18F]deoxyglucose- PET (positron emission tomography) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) measurement. Fusioning of the individual PET scan with the structural MRI-scan (T1, MPRAGE) allowed to exactly identify the area of increased metabolic activity in the auditory cortex, which was selected as the target point for rTMS. In this context, a neuronavigational system adapted for TMS positioning enabled to monitore the exact position of the figure 8-shaped magnetic coil in relation to the target area. rTMS (110% motor threshold; 1 Hz; 2000 stimuli/ day over 10 days) was performed using a placebo controlled design. Patients were blind regarding the stimulus condition. For the sham stimulation a specific sham-coil system was used. Treatment outcome was assessed with a specific tinnitus questionnaire (Goebel and Hiller). Up to date, 30 patients were included. In most of the patients we could localize an increased metabolic activation within the primary auditory cortex. After 10 days of verum rTMS a remarkable improvement of the tinnitus score was found. This effect could not be seen after sham stimulation.
BioSense/SR-BioSpectra demonstrations of wide area/early warning for bioaerosol threats: program description and early test and evaluation results (2011)

Threats associated with bioaerosol weapons have been around for several decades and have been mostly associated with terrorist activities or rogue nations. Up to the turn of the millennium, defence concepts against such menaces relied mainly on point or in-situ detection technologies. Over the last 10 years, significant efforts have been deployed by multiple countries to supplement the limited spatial coverage of a network of one or more point bio-detectors using lidar technology. The addition of such technology makes it possible to detect within seconds suspect aerosol clouds over area of several tens of square kilometers and track their trajectories. These additional capabilities are paramount in directing presumptive ID missions, mapping hazardous areas, establishing efficient counter-measures and supporting subsequent forensic investigations. In order to develop such capabilities, Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) and the Chemical, Biological, Radiological-Nuclear, and Explosives Research and Technology Initiative (CRTI) have supported two major demonstrations based on spectrally resolved Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) lidar: BioSense, aimed at defence military missions in wide open spaces, and SR-BioSpectra, aimed at surveillance of enclosed or semienclosed wide spaces common to defence and public security missions. This article first reviews briefly the modeling behind these demonstration concepts. Second, the lidar-adapted and the benchtop bioaerosol LIF chambers (BSL1), developed to challenge the constructed detection systems and to accelerate the population of the library of spectral LIF properties of bioaerosols and interferents of interest, will be described. Next, the most recent test and evaluation (T&E) results obtained with SR-BioSpectra and BioSense are reported. Finally, a brief discussion stating the way ahead for a complete defence suite is provided.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity of Monothiooxamides of the Aminonitroarenes Series. (2010)

Abstract The synthesis of monothiooxamides containing aminonitrobenzene and aminonitropyridine fragments and their conversion into thioesters, fused imidazole and diazepine derivatives are described.