gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rectification at nGaAs - n Ga.7Al.3As Heterojunctions Grown by L.P.E., (1979)

Heterojunctions between n-type GaAs, and high purity n-type Ga.7Al.3As have been grown by LPE at 700 C, and significant current rectification has been observed across them at room temperature. At low temperatures, the current drops and the degree of rectification increases considerably. The reverse current characteristic shows reasonable semi-quantitative agreement with theoretical I-V curves, calculated by using a thermionic emission model. The N-W profile measured across the interface indicates qualitatively the presence of a dipolar space-charge region, as expected.
Acousto-Optical Evaluation Of Fiber Size In Wood Pulp (1986)

In the pulp and paper industry, the problem of regular and fast evaluation of wood fiber characteristics such as length and specific area is an important one. With this in view, we have been studying an acousto-optical technique based on the acoustic agglomeration of fibers in a water suspension, where a stationary ultrasonic field is created at about 150 kHz. Under the influence of radiation forces, fibers re-orient themselves parallel to the nodal planes of acoustic pressure, and regroup or agglomerate in these planes in different characteristic times. These are mesured by means of the light scattered at small angles. We have found that these times depend on the size distribution of fibers, particularly length. We present results obtained with an assortment of fiber types, under various experimental conditions which indicate eventual applications in the automatic control of pulp production.
The Nature of the Catalytic Sites for H<sub>2</sub> Dissociation (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Active Mutants of the Human p38α Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (2004)

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases compose a family of serine/threonine kinases that function in many signal transduction pathways and affect various cellular phenotypes. Despite the abundance of available data, the exact role of each MAP kinase is not completely defined, in part because of the inability to activate MAP kinase molecules individually and specifically. Based on activating mutations found in the yeast MAP kinase p38/Hog1 (Bell, M., Capone, R., Pashtan, I., Levitzki, A., and Engelberg, D. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 25351-25358), we designed and constructed single and multiple mutants of human MAP kinase p38alpha. Single (p38D176A, p38F327L, and p38F327S) and subsequent double (p38D176A/F327L and p38D176A/F327S) mutants acquired high intrinsic activity independent of any upstream regulation and reached levels of 10 and 25%, respectively, in reference to the dually phosphorylated wild type p38alpha. The active p38 mutants have retained high specificity toward p38 substrates and were inhibited by the specific p38 inhibitors SB-203580 and PD-169316. We also show that similar mutations can render p38gamma active as well. Based on the available structures of p38 and ERK2, we have analyzed the p38 mutants and identified a hydrophobic core stabilized by three aromatic residues, Tyr-69, Phe-327, and Trp-337, in the vicinity of the L16 loop region. Upon activation, a segment of the L16 loop, including Phe-327, becomes disordered. Structural analysis suggests that the active p38 mutants emulate the conformational changes imposed naturally by dual phosphorylation, namely, destabilization of the hydrophobic core. Essentially, the hydrophobic core is an inherent stabilizer that maintains low basal activity level in unphosphorylated p38.
Comparison of Long Term Low Dose Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole and Nitrofurantoin Macrocrystals in the Treatment of Children with Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections-Results and Effect on Serum Hematologic-Hepatic-Renal Evaluation (1987)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jun 1987Comparison of Long Term Low Dose Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole and Nitrofurantoin Macrocrystals in the Treatment of Children with Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections-Results and Effect on Serum Hematologic-Hepatic-Renal Evaluation Jeffery Wacksman, David Stewart, Paul McEnery, C. Frederic Strife, and Clark West Jeffery WacksmanJeffery Wacksman More articles by this author , David StewartDavid Stewart More articles by this author , Paul McEneryPaul McEnery More articles by this author , C. Frederic StrifeC. Frederic Strife More articles by this author , and Clark WestClark West More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)76118-6AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Comparison of Long Term Low Dose Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole and Nitrofurantoin Macrocrystals in the Treatment of Children with Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections-Results and Effect on Serum Hematologic-Hepatic-Renal Evaluation." The Journal of Urology, 137(6), p. 346A © 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 137Issue 6June 1987Page: 346A Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Jeffery Wacksman More articles by this author David Stewart More articles by this author Paul McEnery More articles by this author C. Frederic Strife More articles by this author Clark West More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Smoke Deposition Velocity in Industrial Fire Environments (2011)

Smoke deposition velocities, measured in a 1.0-m3 smoke exposure chamber, have been related to the decay in local smoke exposure concentrations as well as the smoke particle characteristics. These velocities, on the order of 10-4 m/s, are consistent with previous experimental work in a large-scale 1200 m3 enclosure. Calculated deposition velocities are in reasonable agreement with measured values, but tend to be under-predicted, most likely due cloud settling effects associated with the smoke layer movement.
The Canady Helios Cold Plasma Scalpel Significantly Decreases Viability in Malignant Solid Tumor Cells in a Dose-Dependent Manner (2018)

To determine appropriate treatment doses of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), the Canady Helios Cold Plasma Scalpel was tested across numerous cancer cell types including renal adenocarcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, ovarian adenocarcinoma, and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Various CAP doses were tested consisting of both high (3 L/min) and low (1 L/min) helium flow rates, several power settings, and a range of treatment times up to 5 min. The impact of cold plasma on the reduction of viability was consistently dose-dependent; however, the anti-cancer capability varied significantly between cell lines. While the lowest effective dose varied from cell line to cell line, in each case an 80–99% reduction in viability was achievable 48 h after CAP treatment. Therefore, it is critical to select the appropriate CAP dose necessary for treating a specific cancer cell type.
Similarity of Acetylcholine Receptors of Denervated, Innervated and Embryonic Chicken Muscles (1982)

Acetylcholine receptors were purified to homogeneity from chicken embryonic, adult innervated and denervated muscles, by bio‐specific chromatographies using immobilised α‐neurotoxin and lentil lectin. A minimum specific activity for the pure receptor was estimated to be 6000 nmol α‐toxin binding sites/g protein. For analysis, the receptors were radio‐iodinated or tritiated to high specific radioactivity with succinimidyl‐[2,3‐ 3 H]propionate. All of the iodinated protein present in the purified receptor preparation reacted with antibody against the pure acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo marmorata electric organ. In the case of all three muscle types used the same oligomeric forms were obtained. The principal form has a sedimentation coefficient of about 9 S, while a minor species (∼ 5 S) was also appreciable in crude preparations of embryonic and denervated muscles. Immunization of rabbits with the homogenous receptor from chick denervated muscle produced muscle weakness characteristic of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. These antisera were equally reactive towards the receptor– 125 I‐α‐bungarotoxin complexes from chick innervated and denervated muscles. Likewise, the electrophoretic mobilities of the receptors (9‐S form) from all three muscle types were identical, as were the isoelectric points of their complexes with 125 I‐α‐bungarotoxin. Collectively, these findings and associated ones on subunit structure denote that the 9‐S receptor molecules from junctional and extra‐junctional area and embryonic stage of chicken muscle are indistinguishable by all criteria yet applied to them.
Growth hormone releasing substances – basic aspects (2000)

The pulsatile nature of growth hormone (GH) secretion results from the complex interplay between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary (Tannenbaum, 1991; Robinson, 1997; Smith et al., 1997) (Figure 20.1). The potent and specific stimulatory factor of GH release, growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH, GRF) (Bertherat, Bluet-Pajot & Epelbaum, 1995), is a 44 amino acid C-amidated peptide that was isolated by four separate groups in 1982 from human pancreatic tumours (Thorner, 1993). It is a member of the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) family (Watson & Arkinstall, 1994) and primarily produced in the arcuate and ventromedial nuclei neurons (Sawchenko & Swanson, 1990; Martin & Millard, 1986). Beside the hypothalamus, GHRH is expressed in the duodenum, gastric antrum, placenta, testes, sensory ganglion cells and pancreas. Following binding to its G-protein coupled receptor (GPC-R) (Mayo, 1992), GHRH was shown to elevate GH levels specifically via an adenylate cyclase cAMP-dependent pathway (Frohman, Downs & Chomczynski, 1992). Furthermore, an elevation in intracellular Ca2+ through L-type Ca2+ channels as well as an inward protein kinase A sensitive Na+ channel were shown to be induced by GHRH (Kato & Sukuma, 1997). Functional analysis of GHRH analogs determined that the N-terminus (amino acids 1–29) of the GHRH peptide contained the minimum structure for full agonist activity (Felix, Heimer & Mowles, 1985). Acetylated and des-amino derivatives were proven to be more potent compounds than GHRH presumably through proteolysis resistance (Coy et al., 1985; Frohman et al., 1989). Optimization of GHRH's α-helical and amphiphilic character via a Gly→Ala15 change, lead to a fourfold increase in GH-releasing activity (Felix et al., 1988).
Appareil pour la mesure du pouvoir réflecteur dans l'ultraviolet à vide (1952)

Pas de Résumé disponible
Intersubband absorption by electrons in InSb quantum wells with an in-plane magnetic field (2010)

Magneto‐transmission experiments were performed at 4.2 K on n‐type InSb multiple quantum wells in the Voigt geometry. Intersubband transitions within the conduction band were observed at magnetic fields up to 17 T and photon energies up to 100 meV. A single intersubband transition is observed at low magnetic field and branches into two well‐resolved transitions at high field. The lower‐energy and higher‐energy branches are attributed to spin‐conserving and spin‐flip transitions, respectively, between neighboring subbands. The large g‐factor and small effective mass for electrons in InSb quantum wells enables the study of both spin‐conserving and spin‐flip intersubband transitions.
Efficient sentence disambiguation by preferred constituent order (1999)

The paper describes a corpus-based approach applied in the evolution of ELOQUENS, the CSELT text-to-speech synthesis system for Italian, towards multi-voice, multilanguage, high-naturalness concatenative synthesis. The acoustic modules have been redesigned, according to the idea of reducing the number of junctions and the need of prosodic modification. Appropriate phonetic coverage methods were applied in the acoustic database design. Automatic processing tools performed phone and diphone segmentation, pitch marking, prosodic feature detection. The synthesis algorithm exploits the speech material at its best, searching for the longest suitable sequences in the database, according to weighted distance measures on phonetic/prosodic parameters. Signal modification techniques are applied only if necessary, to smooth residual prosodic jumps at unit boundaries. The resulting voice is quite human-sounding. Keyword: corpus-based concatenative synthesis
Metabolic stability of 3-Epi-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub>over 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub>: Metabolism and molecular docking studies using rat CYP24A1 (2013)

3-epi-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (3-epi-1α,25(OH)2D3), a natural metabolite of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2D3), exhibits potent vitamin D receptor (VDR)-mediated actions such as inhibition of keratinocyte growth or suppression of parathyroid hormone secretion. These VDR-mediated actions of 3-epi-1α,25(OH)2D3 needed an explanation as 3-epi-1α,25(OH)2D3, unlike 1α,25(OH)2D3, exhibits low affinity towards VDR. Metabolic stability of 3-epi-1α,25(OH)2D3 over 1α,25(OH)2D3 has been hypothesized as a possible explanation. To provide further support for this hypothesis, we now performed comparative metabolism studies between 3-epi-1α,25(OH)2D3 and 1α,25(OH)2D3 using both the technique of isolated rat kidney perfusion and purified rat CYP24A1 in a cell-free reconstituted system. For the first time, these studies resulted in the isolation and identification of 3-epi-calcitroic acid as the final inactive metabolite of 3-epi-1α,25(OH)2D3 produced by rat CYP24A1. Furthermore, under identical experimental conditions, it was noted that the amount of 3-epi-calcitroic acid produced from 3-epi-1α,25(OH)2D3 is threefold less than that of calcitroic acid, the analogous final inactive metabolite produced from 1α,25(OH)2D3 . This key observation finally led us to conclude that the rate of overall side-chain oxidation of 3-epi-1α,25(OH)2D3 by rat CYP24A1 leading to its final inactivation is slower than that of 1α,25(OH)2D3. To elucidate the mechanism responsible for this important finding, we performed a molecular docking analysis using the crystal structure of rat CYP24A1. Docking results suggest that 3-epi-1α,25(OH)2D3, unlike 1α,25(OH)2D3, binds to CYP24A1 in an alternate configuration that destabilizes the formation of the enzyme-substrate complex sufficiently to slow the rate at which 3-epi-1α,25(OH)2D3 is inactivated by CYP24A1 through its metabolism into 3-epi-calcitroic acid.
Relative Meaning and Pronunciation Difficulties of the Thorndike 20,000 Words (1938)

(1938). Relative Meaning and Pronunciation Difficulties of the Thorndike 20,000 Words. The Journal of Educational Research: Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 161-167.
Massive elevation of systemic procalcitonin levels in kidney transplant patients treated with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (OKT3) (1999)

316 Recently, procalcitonin plasma concentrations have been shown to be massively elevated in patients with systemic bacterial/fungal infections making it a much more reliable marker for sepsis than other common parameters like CRP or leukocyte count. In transplant patients it is introduced in daily clinical routine as a helpful tool for distinguishing bacterial infection from acute allograft rejection and virus infection. Here, we demonstrate massive systemic procalcitonin elevations in kidney transplant patients treated with the monoclonal anti-T-cell antibody OKT3 for steroid-resistent acute rejection (BANFF grading from 0.5 to 2.5) for 5 days. Procalcitonin plasma concentrations showed a sharp rise and peak levels at the first day of therapy and returned to normal values within the following days independently from further OKT3 application. As valued by clinical and paraclinical parameters procalcitonin elevation went in parallel with the systemic inflammatory response induced by OKT3 treatment. Maximal procalcitonin plasma concentrations reached values up to 100 ng/ml (reference ≤ 0.5 ng/ml) which are comparable with those seen in severe sepsis. Blood cultures taken during therapy were negative, however, nor did any of the patients show bacterial focuses. Thus, bacterial infection could not be the cause for this massive procalcitonin elevation. In vitro studies with whole blood samples incubated with OKT3 failed to induce procalcitonin secretion implicating other mechanisms than simply a procalcitonin release of blood cells in response to OKT3. In summary, in kidney transplant patients, OKT3 treatment induces a strong elevation of systemic procalcitonin levels which does not go in parallel with bacterial infection. Thus, procalcitonin monitoring in terms of evaluating bacterial infection is not useful during the first day of OKT3 therapy and has to be valued very carefully during the following days.
Transfer Factor from Guinea Pigs Sensitive to Dinitrochlorobenzene: Absence of Superantigen Properties (1972)

Transfer factor from guinea pigs sensitive to dinitrochlorobenzene was not bound to an immunoadsorbent column that is specific for the dinitrophenyl determinant. The absence of the dinitrophenyl determinant on transfer factor suggested that the factor does not function as superantigen. The duration of the adoptive sensitivity, the small molecular weight, and the polypeptide or polynucleotide (or a combination) composition of the transfer factor are consistent with a derepressor function of the molecule.
TYPES OF REFUGEES - CROATIAN AND BOSNIAN·HERZEGOVINIAN EXPERIENCES (1995)

Some researchers have warn ed that in the field of refugee study and research the dichotomic categorization "refugees vs. non-refugees", used in legal and administrative procedures, is not considered satisfactory in sociological analysis.The author of this article has come to the same conclusion in his research about the prospects of return of Croatian displaced persons and refugees, as well as Bosnian-Herzegovinian refugees.The first series of inquiries was conducted at-the height of the refugee crisis, at the beginning of 1992.We surveyed 726 examinees, Croatian dispIacees in Croatia and Croatian refugees in Germany and some one hundred interviews about the reasons of fleeing were recorded.Another one hundred interviews were recorded on cassettes during a more recent survey of Croatian and Bosnian-Herzegovinian refugees, conducted from the summer of 1993 to the spring of 1994 in Croatia, Hungary and Germany.At the same time, 1247 respondents from both groups of refugees answered questionnaires.The results of both surveys and especially of the interviews have led the author to construct several typologies of refugees with regard to reasons of fleeing, the reaction of the examinees to the situation of refuge and the issue of return.In this article the author expounds the typology or categorization of refugees and displaced persons based on differences in pre-refugee experiences.Thus, the main categorization criterion of refugees into certain types was the degree of danger for their physical and psychological integrity they were exposed to prior to fleeing.Therefore, six categories of refugees and displaced persons were discerned: I) anticipating refugees/displacees; II) semi--refugees/displacees; III) impelled refugees/displacees; IV) refugees/displacees of war; v) expellees; VI) ex-camp inmates refugees/displacees. ln elaborating his typology, the author put forward two broad er conclusions.First, refugee groups are commonly composed of socio-psychologically heterogeneous subgroups with greatly differing pre-refugee experiences.Second, the political and societal dynamics of a refugee crisis produces fluctuation within and among refugee groups or types.
The Promise, Practicalities, and Perils of Virtually Auditing Neighborhoods Using Google Street View (2016)

In-person audits to collect data on neighborhood characteristics offer opportunities to study the mechanisms that link neighborhood conditions to unequal outcomes for individuals and communities, but the expense and logistical difficulties associated with conducting neighborhood audits have limited their use. The images collected by Google Street View provide a promising alternative for researchers to measure neighborhood environments across cities and to examine how neighborhood conditions vary across a wider geographic scope. We describe the benefits of using “virtual” neighborhood audits and discuss the practicalities of collecting data from virtual audits. We provide an example of individual- and neighborhood-level inequality in the distribution of disorder for older adults across four cities: New York, San Jose, Philadelphia, and Detroit. Despite the promise of virtual audits, they also introduce perils that must be addressed as research progresses; we introduce and discuss those perils here.
Paisajes de leyenda: Ruta a Samarkanda (1997)

Tras la Ruta de las Cordobas, que atraveso el continente americano de Norte a Sur, y la de los Exploradores, que recorrio 50.000 kilometros en Africa, Gerardo Olivares dirige una expedicion espanola que cruzara durante 14 meses la frontera de 22 paises y seguira el camino emprendido por Ruy Gonzalez de Clavijo, cuando en 1403 recibio el encargo del rey Enrique III de viajar hasta Samarkanda como embajador. La ruta ha partido de Espana y siguiendo la costa mediterranea por Francia, Italia y Grecia, entrara en el continente asiatico desde Turquia hasta Indonesia.
Solvent Dependence on the Intramolecular Excited-State Proton or Hydrogen Atom Transfer in Hypocrellin (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSolvent Dependence on the Intramolecular Excited-State Proton or Hydrogen Atom Transfer in HypocrellinK. Das, D. S. English, and J. W. PetrichView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 50011 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 11, 2763–2764Publication Date (Web):March 19, 1997Publication History Received19 August 1996Published online19 March 1997Published inissue 1 March 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja962923thttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja962923trapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views265Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Polarity,Reaction mechanisms,Solvents,Viscosity Get e-Alerts