gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ionic Liquids as Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (2011)

Ionic liquids (ILs) are ionic compounds that possess a melting temperature below 100 °C. Their physical and chemical properties are attractive for various applications. Several organic materials that are now classified as ionic liquids were described as far back as the mid-19th century. The search for new and different ILs has led to the progressive development and application of three generations of ILs: 1) The focus of the first generation was mainly on their unique intrinsic physical and chemical properties, such as density, viscosity, conductivity, solubility, and high thermal and chemical stability. 2) The second generation of ILs offered the potential to tune some of these physical and chemical properties, allowing the formation of "task-specific ionic liquids" which can have application as lubricants, energetic materials (in the case of selective separation and extraction processes), and as more environmentally friendly (greener) reaction solvents, among others. 3) The third and most recent generation of ILs involve active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), which are being used to produce ILs with biological activity. Herein we summarize recent developments in the area of third-generation ionic liquids that are being used as APIs, with a particular focus on efforts to overcome current hurdles encountered by APIs. We also offer some innovative solutions in new medical treatment and delivery options.
Bacterial colonization of the nasopharynx predicts very early onset and persistence of otitis media in Australian Aboriginal infants (1994)

Otitis media (OM) develops in the first months of life and persists throughout childhood in many rural Aboriginal children. We have followed Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal infants from birth to determine the relationship of the early onset of OM to nasopharyngeal colonization with respiratory pathogens. Aboriginal infants were colonized with multiple species of respiratory bacteria (Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae) at a rate of 5% per day and the timing of colonization predicted the onset of persistent OM in individual Aboriginal infants. Non-Aboriginal infants became colonized by M. catarrhalis alone at the slower rate of 1% per day and experienced transient episodes of OM in the absence of colonization. We attribute early bacterial colonization in most Aboriginal infants to high rates of cross-infection due to overcrowding, poor hygiene and high rates of bacterial carriage. Early age of infection and the multiplicity of bacterial types may contribute to prolonged carriage and to eustachian tube damage leading to persistent OM. Thus Aboriginal infants are "otitis-prone" and might qualify for prophylactic antibiotics.
THE PUBLICATION OF HELVÉTIUS'S <i>DE L'ESPRIT (1758–9)</i> (1964)

THE PUBLICATION OF HELVÉTIUS'S DE L'ESPRIT (1758–9) Get access D. W. SMITH D. W. SMITH TORONTO Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French Studies, Volume XVIII, Issue 4, October 1964, Pages 332–344, https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/XVIII.4.332 Published: 01 October 1964
Detection and characterization of emerging psychoactive substances by ion mobility spectrometry (2014)

Rapid detection and identification of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) continues to present significant analytical challenges to forensic and analytical chemists. Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has been traditionally considered as the analytical technique of choice to detect illicit drugs in security points in airports, borderlines and customs. Databases of the reduced mobility (K0 ) values of illicit drugs are available in the scientific literature and they should be completed with data of emerging designer drugs. In this paper, we have evaluated the effect of different measurement conditions and determined the K0 values of an important number of NPS including different families; such as phenethylamines, cathinones, synthetic cannabinoids and tryptamines among others to be incorporated to the existing data to provide a rapid detection and identification of this emerging threat.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF EVAPORATORS FOR ADVANCE-BASE THERMOCOMPRESSION SEA-WATER STILLS (1957)

This report presents a summary on the development of advance-base thermocompression sea-water stills.
2. Psychology (1907)

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Knowledge Management and Collaboration. (2000)

We report on a study of the relationship between collaboration and knowledge management. Successful knowledge management projects encourage and enhance collaboration between employees. The presence of `collaborative&apos; technologies might help that process but does not automatically increase collaboration. Empirical evidence is taken from a broad range of organisations: Anglian Water plc, BG Technology, BP Amoco plc, Ernst and Young and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). Four of these organisations focus their knowledge management policy on the development of their corporate intranet. The empirical evidence shows that knowledge management is a collaborative activity, which depends on the creation of `shared context&apos; between the participants. This is more likely to occur with a combination of face-toface meetings and machine-mediated communications. __________________ The copyright of this paper belongs to the paper&apos;s authors. Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provide that copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage Proc. of the Third Int. Conf. On Practical Aspects of Knowledge Management (PAKM2000) Basel, Switzerland , 30 -- 31 Oct. 2000, (U Reimer, ed.) http://sunsite.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/SEUR-WS/Vol-34/ 1
Effects of Castration and Androgen Replacement on the Hemodynamics of Penile Erection in the Rat1 (1994)

Previous studies from this laboratory have demonstrated that penile erection in the rat is androgen dependent: 1 wk after castration, there was a significant decline in the magnitude of the intracavernosal pressure (CCP) response during erection induced by stimulation of the autonomic ganglion controlling penile blood flow. The response was altered by vasoactive drugs and appeared to involve nitric oxide synthesis. These earlier studies, however, did not identify the site of androgenic action or the mechanism by which the androgens act. The findings reported here show that even in long-term-castrated animals (up to 7 wk), there remains a rise in CCP in response to ganglionic stimulation, demonstrating that there is an androgen-independent as well as an androgen-dependent portion of the erectile response. Other results show a linear relationship between systemic blood pressure and CCP during erection, although in castrated animals without androgen replacement, the CCP responds less to changes in the systemic pressure than in intact or testosterone-treated animals. This finding could signify a reduced blood inflow and/or an increased blood outflow during erection in the castrated rats. Further studies partially explained the lower erectile pressure by demonstrating that the rate of outflow from the cavernosal spaces was greater in castrated rats than in animals with normal androgen levels. Taken together, these findings show that androgens act to maintain both the inflow and the outflow of blood from the cavernous spaces during erection.
In vivo recovery of muscle contraction after alpha-bungarotoxin binding. (1975)

Acetylcholine receptors were inactivated in vivo at the mouse neuromuscular junction using alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BTX). It was found that neurally produced muscle contraction recovered within 4-8 days (halftime similar to 3 days). Actinomycin D interfered with this recovery, but did not affect normal nerve-stimulated muscle contraction. If the response was initially eliminated by [125-I]alpha-BTX and the end plates examined by EM autoradiography, no evidence of mass internalization of bound radioactivity during recovery was seen. The fine structure of the end plates and muscle was unaltered during the post-alpha-BTX recovery period.
Induction of a Preferred Twist in a Biphenyl Core by Stereogenic Centers: A Novel Approach to the Absolute Configuration of 1,2- and 1,3-Diols (2001)

A quick, simple, and reliable method to assign the absolute configuration of 1,2- and 1,3-diols: all that is needed is to measure the CD sign of the A band (250 nm) of their biphenyldioxolanes 1 (n=0, 1). The chirality of the diol induces a preferred sense of twist in the biphenyl moiety (R,R→M and S,S→P), and a positive A band (a probe of M twist) reveals an R or R,R configuration of the diol.
Limits of enhancement of the Faraday effect in ultra-thin magnetic layers by one-dimensional magnetophotonic crystals (2006)

The optimization of the linear, first-order, Faraday effect in absorbing, ultra-thin, magnetic films is considered both analytically and by numerical simulations. Enhancement using one-dimensional magnetophotonic crystals is considered in parallel with a discussion of the principles of enhancement through an appreciation of the optical resonances that occur in the Fabry–Perot etalon. Simple formulae are presented for the approximate upper limits of enhancement and the associated photometric parameters of the system that accompany optimal conditions. For a 1 nm thick cobalt layer the degree of enhancement is approximately a factor of 4 greater than can be achieved with a single layer. The validity of the formulations is confirmed by numerical simulations based on the use of cobalt as the magnetic medium.
PROSTAGLANDIN E AND F CONCENTRATIONS IN PLACENTAE OF NORMAL, HYPERTENSIVE AND PRE‐ECLAMPTIC PATIENTS (1981)

The prostaglandins E and F were measured by radioimmunoassay in placentae from 23 normotensive, 25 hypertensive and 13 pre-eclamptic patients. The prostaglandin E levels were respectively (pg/mg +/- SEM) 16.34 +/- 2.06, 16.75 +/- 2.52 and 12.10 +/- 3.63. The prostaglandin F levels were 2.43 +/- 0.41, 2.70 +/- 0.42 and 2.06 +/- 0.31. These prostaglandin concentrations did not differ significantly. Local ischaemia may, therefore, be explained by altered responsiveness to these prostaglandins or to changes in other prostaglandins (such as the vasodilator PGI2) or other vasoactive agents.
Contactless Measurements of Resistivity of Semiconductor Wafers Employing Single-Post and Split-Post Dielectric-Resonator Techniques (2007)

Complementary single- and split-post dielectric- resonator techniques were used for contactless absolute resistivity measurements of semiconductor wafers and for onwafer resistivity mapping in the range of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> Omega ldr cm. Uncertainties of the resistivity measurements employing both techniques are in the range of 2%-4%. Permittivities of high-resistivity semiconductors were measured with uncertainties of approximately 0.5%. Several Silicon, GaAs, and SiC wafers were tested at room and at elevating temperatures, showing excellent repeatability of measurements.
관련연구 : 부모의 완벽주의, 우울, 양육행동과 아동의 부적응 행동 (2004)

본 연구는 문헌 고찰을 바탕으로 세운 이론적 연구 모델을 검증을 통하여 부모의 완벽주의가 우울 그리고 양육행동과 어떻게 상호 작용하여 아동의 부적응 행동에 영향을 미치는가를 통합적으로 규명하여 부모 교육프로그램이나 상담현장에서 실제적으로 활용할 수 있는 기초자료를 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 대상은 대전시에 있는 유치원과 어린이집 각각 2곳에서 선정한 만 3~5세의 취학 전 유아를 가진 부모 141쌍이었고 자료는 질문지법으로 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 제안된 이론적 모델을 검증하기 위하여 LISREL Ⅷ을 이용하여 경로분석을 하였다. 결론적으로 어머니는 자기 완벽주의가 높을 때 아동에게 통제적인 양육행동을 보이고, 타인완벽주의가 높을 때 자신의 우울이 높아지는 반면 아버지는 타인완벽주의가 높을 때만 자신의 우울이 높아질 뿐 아니라 아동에게 통제적 양육행동을 보여주었다. 이에 따라 부모의 완벽주의는 자기완벽주의 보다 타인완벽주의가 우울과 양육행동에 영향을 미쳐 아동의 외면적·내면적 부적응 행동에 영향력이 더 큼을 보여주었다.
Distance Measuring using Accelerometer and Gyroscope Sensors (2012)

Abstract — Distance measurement is necessary in various areas and applications. This project is an alternative to GPS and is able to measure the distance traveled by a person inside a building. An algorithm was implemented for the purpose of distance measuring. The measuring is done by integrating twice the acceleration, but the results are not satisfactory because the errors are accumulating much faster than expected. The second method implemented was an algorithm that measures the distance traveled by counting the number of steps. The step distance determination was made by an algorithm that takes the angle between legs made by the accelerometer and gyroscope. To eliminate errors a complementary filter was used. The advantages in using this method are low cost and portability sensor circuit. I.
Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager On-Orbit Geometric Calibration and Performance (2014)

The Landsat 8 spacecraft was launched on 11 February 2013 carrying the Operational Land Imager (OLI) payload for moderate resolution imaging in the visible, near infrared (NIR), and short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectral bands. During the 90-day commissioning period following launch, several on-orbit geometric calibration activities were performed to refine the prelaunch calibration parameters. The results of these calibration activities were subsequently used to measure geometric performance characteristics in order to verify the OLI geometric requirements. Three types of geometric calibrations were performed including: (1) updating the OLI-to-spacecraft alignment knowledge; (2) refining the alignment of the sub-images from the multiple OLI sensor chips; and (3) refining the alignment of the OLI spectral bands. The aspects of geometric performance that were measured and verified included: (1) geolocation accuracy with terrain correction, but without ground control (L1Gt); (2) Level 1 product accuracy with terrain correction and ground control (L1T); (3) band-to-band registration accuracy; and (4) multi-temporal image-to-image registration accuracy. Using the results of the on-orbit calibration update, all aspects of geometric performance were shown to meet or exceed system requirements.
A New Majority Carrier Diode–The Camel Diode (1980)

A majority carrier diode is described in which current flow is controlled by a potential hump in the bulk of a semiconductor. In order to make a diode of good quality on an n-type substrate a highly doped p + region is used to form a potential barrier between a degenerate n-type region and the substrate. Silicon diodes with ideality factors <2 have been made using ion implantation at low energies. The current voltage characteristics of these diodes and their switching behaviour were found to be consistent with majority carrier transport over a potential barrier.
Recursive state estimation for uncertain systems with an integral quadratic constraint (1995)

This paper considers a robust state estimation problem for a class of uncertain systems where the noise and uncertainty are modeled deterministically via an integral quadratic constraint. The robust state estimation problem involves constructing the set of all possible states at the current time consistent with given output measurements and the integral quadratic constraint.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Simultaneous Layout Style and Logical Entity Recognition in a Heterogeneous Collection of Documents (2007)

Logical entity recognition in heterogeneous collections of document page images remains a challenging problem since the performance of traditional supervised methods degrades dramatically in case of many distinct layout styles. In this paper we present an unsupervised method where layout style information is explicitly used in both training and recognition phases. We represent the layout style, local features, and logical labels of physical regions of a document compactly by an ordered labeled X-Y tree. Style dissimilarity of two document pages is represented by the distance between their respective trees. During the training phase, document pages with true logical labels in training set are classified into distinct layout styles by unsupervised clustering. During the recognition phase, the layout style and logical entities of an input document are recognized simultaneously by matching the input tree to the trees in closest- matched layout style cluster of training set. Experimental results show that our algorithm is robust with both balanced and unbalanced style cluster sizes, zone over-segmentation, zone length variation, and variation in tree representations of the same layout style.
Threat Analysis and Risk Assessment in Automotive Cyber Security (2013)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The process of hazard analysis and risk assessment (H&amp;R or HARA) is well-established in standards and methods for functional safety, such as the automotive functional safety standard ISO 26262. Considering the parallel discipline of cyber security, it is necessary to establish an analogous process of threat analysis and risk assessment (T&amp;R) in order to identify potential security attacks and the risk associated with these attacks if they were successful.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">While functional safety H&amp;R processes could be used for threat analysis, these methods need extension and adaptation to the cyber security domain. This paper describes how such a method has been developed based on the approach described in ISO 26262 and the related MISRA Safety Analysis Guidelines. In particular key differences are described in the understanding of the severity of a security attack, and the factors that contribute to the probability of a successful attack. However it also acknowledges that some threats may contribute to a safety-relevant hazard.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The paper will also explore some potential future directions, such as how the T&amp;R can be used to support an assurance case for cyber security.</div></div>
Synthesis of Natural <i>α </i>‐6‐Dehydroxy‐6‐aminoglucoglycerolipids (2008)

Abstract Two natural 6‐dehydroxy‐6‐aminoglucoglycerolipids were first synthesized in a convenient approach. The key step was the selective α ‐glycosylation of 6‐dehydroxy‐2,3,4‐tri‐ O ‐benzyl‐6‐amino‐ D ‐glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate donor 10 with ( S )‐isopropyleneglycerol using diethyl ether as glycosylation solvent to give 3‐ O ‐(2,3,4‐tri‐ O ‐benzyl‐6‐dehydroxy‐6‐benzyloxycarbonylamino‐ α ‐ D ‐glucopyranoyl)‐1,2‐ O ‐isopropylene‐ sn ‐glycerol 7 . Removal of acetonide group of 7 and acylation with various fatty acids, then deprotection of benzyl and Cbz groups and selective acylation of the amino group afforded the marine natural glycoglycerolopids of sn ‐1,2‐dipalmitoyl‐3‐( N ‐palmitoyl‐6‐dehydroxy‐6‐amino‐ α ‐glucosyl)glycerol 3 and sn ‐1‐palmitoyl‐2‐myristoyl‐3‐( N ‐stearoyl‐6‐dehydroxy‐6‐amino‐ α ‐glucosyl)glycerol 4 . The structures of the synthetic samples were identified by 1 H, 1 3 C NMR, and HRESIMS.
Epidural Analgesia: Prospective Audit of 1062 Patients (1998)

A prospective survey of one thousand and sixty-two patients receiving epidural analgesia in surgical wards was undertaken over a two-year period. The duration of infusion ranged from one to fourteen days, with a mode of three days. There were 1131 episodes where a local anaesthetic and opioid mixture was used and 160 where opioids were used alone. Local anaesthetic was not used without opioids. 23% of catheters were removed prematurely because of catheter related problems including accidental dislodgement (13%) and skin site inflammation (5.3%). No epidural abscess or haematoma was identified. In 14% of the total number of episodes there was either no demonstrable block or complications occurred requiring a change of solution: 30% of this group were salvaged following intervention by the Acute Pain Service (APS). The incidence of respiratory depression was 0.24%. There was no case of delayed respiratory depression. Epidural analgesia can be used safely in surgical wards provided that regular review of the patients is undertaken. It must be anticipated however, that up to 20% of patients will not receive adequate analgesia for the first 48 hours postoperatively. The failure rate could be halved if accidental dislodgement of epidural catheters could be eliminated.
The Synthesis and Analysis of Variable-Valve-Timing Mechanisms for Internal-Combustion Engines (1988)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In recent times, the emphasis on increased vehicle fuel economy has spurred considerable interest in the development of variable-valve-timing (VVT) mechanisms for internal-combustion engines. This investigation focuses on the determination of the kinematic structure and the creative design of VVT mechanisms.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Following a review of some representative existing VVT mechanisms, several potentially useful, proposed VVT configurations are described; one of these is proportioned and analyzed in some detail.</div>
Optically sectioned imaging by oblique plane microscopy (2011)

Oblique Plane Microscopy (OPM) is a light sheet microscopy technique that combines oblique illumination with correction optics that tilt the focal plane of the collection system. OPM can be used to image conventionally mounted specimens on coverslips or tissue culture dishes and has low out-of-plane photobleaching and phototoxicity. No moving parts are required to achieve an optically sectioned image and so high speed optically sectioned imaging is possible. The first OPM results obtained using a high NA water immersion lens on a commercially available inverted microscope frame are presented, together with a measurement of the achievable optical resolution.
Report: The mystery lies in the Scirpus (2007)

This report concerns <em>Scirpus</em>, forests and a quest to find a method for documenting rainfall changes in the ancient past. I begin with the middle.
Structural Features of Alkylphenolic Chemicals Associated with Estrogenic Activity (1997)

The ability of certain man-made chemicals to mimic the effects of natural steroid hormones and their potential to disrupt the delicate balance of the endocrine system in animals are of increasing concern. The growing list of reported hormone-mimics includes the alkylphenolic (AP) compounds, a small number of which have been reported to be weakly estrogenic. In their most basic form, APs are composed of an alkyl group, which can vary in size, branching, and position, joined to a phenolic ring. The aim of this project was to identify the important structural features responsible for the estrogenic activity of AP chemicals. This was achieved by incubating APs with different structural features in a medium containing a previously described estrogen-inducible strain of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) expressing the human estrogen receptor and comparing their activity spectrophotometrically by the resulting color change of the medium. The results were compared to the effects of the main natural estrogen 17beta-estradiol. The data indicate that both the position (para > meta > ortho) and branching (tertiary > secondary = normal) of the alkyl group affect estrogenicity. Optimal estrogenic activity requires a single tertiary branched alkyl group composed of between 6 and 8 carbons located at the para position on an otherwise unhindered phenol ring. The results are discussed in relation to the purity and composition of the chemicals tested.
Contribution à l'étude des relations interindividuelles chez les mâles de Blabera craniifer (Dictyoptères) (1971)

Afin de replacer la reaction d'immobilisation, analysee anterieurement, dans les relations interindividuelles chez Blabera craniifer nous avons :
- recense les actes moteurs exprimes par les mâles au cours de rencontres ; - tente de caracteriser l'etat reactionnel des mâles ; - precise les rapports de dominance qui s'etablissent entre les mâles d'une paire et l'evolution de ces rapports.