gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Innovative methods for optimization and characterization of multilayer coatings (2009)

A numerical method to design multilayer coating (ML) is presented. The mathematical tool is based on an "evolutive strategy" algorithm which provides aperiodic solutions by maximizing input merit functions. It allows the optimization of any kind of structures, comprising interlayers and capping layers, and modelling also inter-diffusion and interface roughness. It has been applied to the design of MLs for different applications, as photolithography, space instrumentation and short pulse preservation/compression. The optimization allows the control of the standing wave distribution inside the ML. When the EUV radiation interacts with the structure, the superposition of the incident and reflected electromagnetic wave generates a standing wave field distribution in the ML. An aperiodic design allows the regulation of the distribution of this field, attributing specific properties to the ML. An experimental technique to recover standing wave intensity on top of the ML is also cited. The technique is based on electron photoemission measurements, which allow to determine both reflectivity as well as phase on top of ML. Thanks to this technique, both tests of the ML performances compliance with expected theoretical ones and of degradation through time can be carried on.
Weight for it… adaptive beamformers in passive acoustic mapping for cavitation imaging (2020)

As the applications of therapeutic ultrasound expand across neurological, oncological and musculoskeletal medicine, monitoring of cavitation activity offers the potential for non-invasive treatment guidance and optimization of safety and efficacy. When implemented with a distributed set of sensors, simple delay and sum beamformers can be effective for cavitation source detection, but localization and quantification capabilities may be hindered when using conventional diagnostic ultrasound arrays. More generally, when observations of the emitted field are limited by the quantity, bandwidth, and geometric distribution of the receivers employed, and/or are subject to uncertainties in array calibration and signal propagation path, â&#x80;&#x98;robust' data-adaptive beamformers can offer considerable improvements in the estimation of emission source properties. This paper reviews the concepts of adaptive beamformers—wherein outputs are calculated using data-dependent receiver weights—and their application to cavitation monitoring. Examples are presented for two such beamformers used in our laboratory, demonstrating their enhanced imaging capabilities, their relative computational cost, and the physical interpretation of their optimized weights. Finally, we discuss clinical translation of these techniques, critical factors in quantitative data interpretation, and how beamformed data can be used to estimate and correct for in vivo propagation effects.
Rapid Recovery from Sevoflurane and Desflurane with Hypercapnia and Hyperventilation (2007)

Concurrent hyperventilation to rapidly remove the anesthetic from the lungs and rebreathing to induce hypercapnia can significantly shorten recovery times and produce the same proportionate decrease for anesthetics that differ in solubility.
Synthesis of Photocleavable Biotinylated Ligands and Application for Affinity Chromatography (1996)

A method for affinity purification based on the high-affinity interaction of biotin-streptavidin and elution by irradiation with UV light was developed. As an example of this approach a biotinylated derivative of the peptide hormone cholecystokinin (CCK-8s) containing a photocleavable o-nitrobenzylester group was synthesized. The analog retained high affinity to both CCK receptors and antiCCK antibodies. It bound to a streptavidin-agarose affinity matrix and was subsequently released by irradiation with UV light of wavelengths >320 nm. For affinity purification of specific antibodies, the modified CCK-8s was incubated with anti-CCK antiserum, and the complex was subsequently passed over a streptavidin-agarose affinity matrix. After washing, the bound antibodies were eluted by photocleavage of the affinity ligand. The eluted antibodies showed essentially unchanged binding characteristics. The approach may prove to be generally useful in the isolation of labile proteins in an intact form.
Optical properties of semiconductor-core fibers for mid-IR transmission (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Mid-infrared (IR) fibers have been extensively investigated due to their applicability in chemical sensing and remote laser delivery, among others. Materials such as chalcogenides and fluoride glasses transmit mid-IR wavelengths with low practical losses. However, their low glass transition temperatures make them chemically unstable, even at room temperatures, resulting in performance degradation over time. Semiconductors, such as germanium, have a wide transmission window in the mid-IR region, and offer significantly improved chemical stability. In this research, germanium-core, borosilicate-cladded fibers were drawn by a ‘rod in tube’ method using a mini draw tower assembled in-house at 1000°C, which is significantly lower than the drawing temperatures of 2000-2200°C for conventional silica fibers. Typical drawn fibers had a 40 μm core diameter and 177 μm cladding diameter. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies showed that diffusion of oxygen and silicon from the cladding to the core during the drawing process was minimal, with diffusion distances of the order of 10s of nm. This is encouraging for mid-IR transmission, since the presence of oxygen in the fiber core is known to increase transmission losses in the mid-IR spectrum. This low diffusivity is presumably due to the relatively low drawing temperature. Transmission losses through the fibers were measured with a quantum cascade laser (QCL) and the losses were found to be in the 3-9 dB/cm range in the spectral range of 5.75-6.3 μm.
Further similarities between astrocytes and perisinusoidal stellate cells of liver (Ito cells): Colocalization of desmin and glial fibrillary acidic protein in astroglial primary cultures (1997)

The colocalization of desmin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in astrocytes was inferred from previous studies demonstrating a unique antigenic composition comprising GFAP, desmin and vimentin in perisinusoidal stellate cells (PSC) of liver which share several features with astrocytes. In the present study the colocalization of GFAP and desmin was investigated by double-immunolabeling experiments in 12-day-old rat astroglial primary cultures with antiserum against GFAP and two commercial monoclonal antibodies against desmin, antibodies of clone DEU-10 and clone DEB-5. These antibodies selectively decorated the perisinusoidal stellate cells (PSC) of liver for which desmin is known to be a marker. The results obtained with astroglial cells demonstrate that both GFAP and desmin are coexpressed in morphologically different types, process-bearing and process-lacking astrocytes. The expression of desmin was apparently more pronounced in process-lacking astrocytes and was considerably lower in process-bearing ones. In process-lacking astrocytes, in contrast to filamentous cytoplasmic staining for GFAP, the immunoreactivity for desmin was non-filamentous and was irregularly spread in the perinuclear cytoplasm of the cells, while in process-bearing astrocytes the pattern of staining for desmin was similar to that of GFAP. The variability in the intensity and pattern of staining for desmin in astrocytes might be due to transitional stages of differentiation for part of the cells. This interpretation was supported by the presence of GFAP in the cells weakly expressing smooth muscle alpha-actin and the absence of GFAP in the cells enriched with microfilaments.
Microscopic illustrations of living objects : their natural history &c. &c. with researches concerning the most eligible methods of constructing microscopes, and instructions for using them (1840)

This is an exceedingly curious and interesting work ; the plates are marvellous.*' Spectator. " We earnestly recommend the Microscopic Cabinet both to the general and the scientific reader, as an original, a valuable, and an ingenious work."
Long-Term Outcome of Individuals Treated With Oral Insulin (2011)

Overall, the oral insulin treatment effect in individuals with confirmed IAA≥80 nU/mL appeared to be maintained with additional follow-up; however, once therapy stopped, the rate of developing diabetes in the oral insulin group increased to a rate similar to that in the placebo group.
Disulfide bonds 7-31 and 59-87 of the alpha-subunit play a different role in assembly of human chorionic gonadotropin and lutropin (1996)

CG, LH, FSH, and TSH are a family of heterodimeric glycoprotein hormones that contain a common alpha-subunit but differ in their hormone-specific beta-subunits. Both subunits have five and six disulfide bonds, respectively, which consists of cystine knot structure. We previously eliminated the disulfide bonds 7-31 and 59-87 in alpha-subunit without significantly affecting assembly with human CG beta-subunit. To study the role of these disulfide bonds in dimerization with other beta-subunits, the wild-type or mutated alpha gene was contransfected with the wild-type human LH beta or FSH beta gene into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells or GH3 cells, and assembly was assessed by continuous labeling with [35S]methionine/cysteine, immunoprecipitation with anti-alpha or-beta serum, and SDS-PAGE. Our data revealed that disruption of either disulfide bond 7-31 or 59-87 in the alpha-subunit markedly reduced the dimer formation with LH beta-subunit in both CHO and GH3 cells, whereas it did not significantly affect the assembly of FSH. This suggests that the regions in the alpha-subunit recognized by beta-subunits for assembly are different among gonadotropins.
ChemInform Abstract: ATP Site‐Directed Competitive and Irreversible Inhibitors of Protein Kinases (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Searching for Rice Allelochemicals (2001)

A bioactivity‐guided isolation method was developed with the objective of isolating the allelochemicals in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Roots of the allelopathic rice cultivar Taichung Native 1, grown hydroponically, were extracted and fractionated, with the activity of the fractions followed using a 24‐well culture plate microbioassay. Some of the fractions obtained consisted of pure compounds, but none inhibited the growth of barnyardgrass [ Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.] at the lower concentration at which they were tested. Identified compounds were azelaic acid; ρ‐coumaric acid; 1 H ‐indole‐3‐carboxaldehyde; 1 H ‐indole‐3‐carboxylic acid; 1 H ‐indole‐5‐carboxylic acid; and 1,2‐benzenedicarboxylic acid bis(2‐ethylhexyl)ester. ρ‐Coumaric acid, a known allelochemical, inhibited the germination of lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings at 1 m M However, ρ‐coumaric acid was active against barnyardgrass only at concentrations higher than 3 m M The two most active fractions obtained from the bioassay‐guided isolation were still a mixture of compounds as analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). Further fractionation is being done to isolate and identify the allelochemical(s) in these active fractions. This work has demonstrated the use of bioassay‐guided isolation in identifying allelochemicals in rice and has correlated observed field activity with laboratory experiments.
Sludge management in highly urbanized areas (1996)

The management of sewage sludge is becoming of even greater concern since the generated volumes are increasing as a result of extended sewerage and advanced wastewater treatments. Agricultural use and landfilling face growing difficulties due to sludge increased contamination observed and stricter disposal criteria introduced, while incineration continues to be undesirable by the public, although technology is available today to meet extremely stringent air quality standards and guarantee a safe and convenient operation. Sludge management is particularly problematic in highly urbanized areas because of the large volumes in one location and the lack of suitable sites at convenient distance. In this paper, management options applicable to large urban centers are outlined and several case histories in Western and Eastern Europe, N. America and Asia described.
Inhibitory effect of sulphur-containing purine nucleoside analogues on replication of RNA viruses: selective antiviral activity against influenza viruses. (1988)

Four sulphur-containing purine nucleoside analogues: 6MP, 6-thioinosine, 6-methylthioinosine and 6-ethylthioinosine, were examined for antiviral activity against some RNA viruses. All compounds extensively inhibited the replication of influenza viruses but had no inhibitory effect on other RNA viruses: Sendai, RS, vesicular stomatitis and western equine encephalitis viruses.
Topical and Oral Toxicity of Sulfluramid, a Delayed-Action Insecticide, Against the German Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) (1990)

The LD50 of sulfluramid topically applied to 2-d-old, fifth instars of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), was estimated at 14.5 micrograms/g (95% FL = 13.7-15.4 micrograms/g). Sulfluramid was significantly more toxic than topically applied hydramethylnon (LD50 = 29.2 [19.0-46.5] micrograms/g). Sulfluramid had delayed toxicity but caused mortality significantly faster than hydramethylnon after topical application. The oral LD50 against newly enclosed, fifth instars was estimated to be 4.1 (3.9-4.4) micrograms/g; this toxicity was significantly greater than when sulfluramid was topically applied. Mortality caused by sulfluramid occurred significantly more slowly in the dietary exposures than in the topical applications. Sulfluramid at 1,000 ppm in diets was not a feeding deterrent to nymphal B. germanica.
Hyper-Rayleigh scattering in Gd-containing Langmuir–Blodgett superstructures (2000)

Incoherent optical second harmonic (SH) generation, or hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS), is used to study the structure and properties of Gd/C18H36O2 multilayer Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films. SH reflection spectra (in combination with linear absorption spectra), HRS indicatrices, thickness dependence, and wave polarization diagrams are measured for s-polarized fundamental radiation. The SH radiation is entirely diffuse but predominantly s polarized, with the maximum of the HRS indicatrix shifted by 8° relative to the specular direction, which is interpreted as being due to the contribution of a fluctuating quadrupole to the nonlinear-optical response of the films. The estimated correlation length of spatial fluctuations of the nonlinear-optical polarization in the film is ∼400 nm. These properties are associated with an islandlike structure formed by Gd ions inside LB structural units.
THE USE OF PROSTAGLANDIN E<sub>2</sub> FOR THERAPEUTIC ABORTION (1972)

Summary Prostaglandin E 2 was infused in 139 women recommended for therapeutic trmination of pregnancy. Abortion occurred in 130 women and was complete in 105. Uterine activity was measured in 67 patients before, during and after prostagiandin infusion. In selected cases haematological, biochemical, hormonal and renal function studies were performed. No serious adverse effects were noted.
HMM delay prediction technique for VoIP (2003)

This paper proposes a new algorithm for predicting audio packet playout delay for voice conferencing applications that use silence suppression. The proposed algorithm uses a hidden Markov model (HMM) to predict the playout delay. Several existing algorithms are reviewed to show that the HMM technique is based on a combination of various desirable features of other algorithms. Voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) applications produce packets at a deterministic rate but various queuing delays are added to the packets by the network causing packet interarrival jitter. Playout delay prediction techniques schedule audio packets for playout and attempt to make a reasonable compromise between the number of lost packets, the one-way delay and the delay variation since these criteria cannot be optimized simultaneously. In particular, this paper will show that the proposed HMM technique makes a good compromise between the mean end-to-end delay, end-to-end delay standard deviation and average packet loss rate.
A COMMENT ON THE INADEQUACY OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN PHYLLO-TYPE SPECTRUM AND <i>meso</i>-SUBSTITUTION IN THE PORPHYRIN SERIES (1966)

The empirical correlation between meso-substitution and the phyllo-type spectrum in the porphyrin series is shown to be much less general than had previously been supposed. The variation of the spectrum with the electronic nature of the substituent is discussed.
Image restoration for indirectly far-field image using microlenses array integrated with LCD (2010)

Image restoration for constructing high-spatial-resolution images in an imaging system which realizes indirectly far-filed imaging by integrating the microlenses array with LCD is reported. We have investigated the indirectly far-field imaging condition where adjacent sampling points contribute the detected signal. Experimental setup with microlens of 500 μm diameter and 8 mm focal length is built to prove this condition by studying performance of image restoration using modified point spread function (PSF). Since any one iterative method is not optimal for all image deblurring problems, some deblurring algorithms including direct deconvolution and iterative deconvolution are applied to our imaging system and we compared the effectiveness of these iterative procedures to choose right one for our use.
Tannins and related compounds. L Structures of proanthocyanidin A-1 and related compounds. (1987)

The structures of proanthocyanidin A-1 (2) and two related proanthocyanidins, tentatively named A-4 (3) and A-5' (4), have been established unambiguously on the basis of spectroscopic evidence and chemical correlations with the structurally known proanthocyanidin A-2 (1). Chemical transformation of singly linked proanthocyanidin B-1 (6) into 2 also confirmed the stereostructure of 2.
Cardiotoxic effects, or lack thereof, of anti-ErbB2 immunoagents. (2010)

e11054 Background: Herceptin (H), an anti-ErbB2 humanized antibody prescribed for treatment of ErbB2-positive breast cancer, has proved to be an essential tool in immunotherapy. However, large-scale clinical studies with H have shown that it engenders cardiomyopathy, particularly in patients treated either concurrently or previously with anthracyclines. Two novel human antitumor immunoconjugates were engineered in our laboratory by fusion of a human anti-ErbB2 scFv, Erbicin, with either a human RNase or the Fc region of a human IgG1, and thus called Erb- hRNase and Erb-hcAb (human anti-ErbB2-compact antibody), respectively. Both immunoagents are selectively cytotoxic for ErbB2-positive cancer cells in vitro and vivo. The Erbicin-derived immunoagents (EDIA) target on breast cancer cells an ErbB2 epitope different from that of H. We report that EDIA did not show in vitro cardiotoxic effects on rat and human cardiomyocytes, whereas H was strongly toxic. Methods: Methods for measuring cardiac function in M-mode with shortening fraction (FA) and in B-mode with ejection fraction are not very sensitive in detecting early myocardial damage. In this study we evaluated myocardial strain by speckle tracking technique (ST) by Color Doppler echocardiography (Visual sonic Vevo 2100) to identify early left ventricular dysfunction in mice treated with EDIA, doxorubicin (D), H, their associations and in a sham group. We measured ST and FA by assessing M-mode short axis projection in C57BL/6 mice at time 0, 2 and 6 days of daily administration. Results: EDIA did not impair cardiac function in vivo in a mouse model whereas H significantly reduced radial strain at 3 days of treatment and fractional shortening (% FS) at 6 days of treatment compared to the sham group in a fashion similar to D. Similarly, cardiac fibrosis, an index of collagen accumulation following cardiac muscle deterioration, was significantly attenuated in mice treated with either Erb-hcAb or Erb-hRNase as compared to those treated with H or D. Conclusions: These results suggest that the Erb-hcAb and the immuno RNase are immunoagents which can fulfil the therapeutic need of patients ineligible to H treatment due to cardiac dysfunction. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
An efficient method for DOA estimation using linear array (2002)

An eigenbeam method for estimating the DOAs of multiple plane wave sources using linear array is presented. This method exploits the skew-symmetric property of the eigenvectors corresponding to the even eigenvalues of a symmetric Toeplitz matrix, Q which is basically formed by the steering vector of a linear array. The transformation matrix consists of all the even eigenvectors and reduces the adaptive size of the correlation matrix to half the full size before decomposition. A phase-shifting matrix is also incorporated in the structure for breaking up the skew-symmetric property of the even eigenvectors. This has the effect of eliminating the image nulls formed in the spatial spectrum and hence it offers a more efficient way of estimating the DOAs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Single-stage electronic ballast with class-E rectifier as power-factor corrector (2006)

A single-stage high-power-factor electronic ballast with a Class-E rectifier as a power-factor corrector is proposed. A Class-E rectifier is inserted between the front-end bridge rectifier and the bulk filter capacitor to increase the conduction angle of the bridge-rectifier diode current for obtaining low line-current harmonics. The Class-E rectifier is driven by a high-frequency sinusoidal current source, which is obtained from the square-wave output voltage of the Class-D inverter through an LC series resonant circuit. A high-frequency transformer is used for impedance matching. The experimental results for a 32-W prototype ballast are given. The switching frequency was 61.3 kHz. At full power, the power factor was 0.992 and the total ballast efficiency was 88.3%. The lamp-current crest factor was about 1.36. The simulated and experimental results were in very good agreement.
Highly Diastereoselective and Enantioselective Olefin Cyclopropanation Using Engineered Myoglobin‐Based Catalysts (2014)

Using rational design, an engineered myoglobin-based catalyst capable of catalyzing the cyclopropanation of aryl-substituted olefins with catalytic proficiency (up to 46,800 turnovers) and excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivity (98-99.9%) was developed. This transformation could be carried out in the presence of up to 20 g L(-1) olefin substrate with no loss in diastereo- and/or enantioselectivity. Mutagenesis and mechanistic studies support a cyclopropanation mechanism mediated by an electrophilic, heme-bound carbene species and a model is provided to rationalize the stereopreference of the protein catalyst. This work shows that myoglobin constitutes a promising and robust scaffold for the development of biocatalysts with carbene-transfer reactivity.
In Vitro Mechanical Evaluation of a Novel Pin-Sleeve System for External Fixation of Distal Limb Fractures in Horses: A Proof of Concept Study (2010)

The PSC system has the potential to reduce the risk of pin loosening in horses.