gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biofilm formation in geometries with different surface curvature and oxygen availability (2015)

Bacteria in the natural environment exist as interface-associated colonies known as biofilms . Complex mechanisms are often involved in biofilm formation and development. Despite the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in biofilm formation, it remains unclear how physical effects in standing cultures influence biofilm development. The topology of the solid interface has been suggested as one of the physical cues influencing bacteria-surface interactions and biofilm development. Using the model organism Bacillus subtilis , we study the transformation of swimming bacteria in liquid culture into robust biofilms in a range of confinement geometries (planar, spherical and toroidal) and interfaces (air/water, silicone/water, and silicone elastomer/water). We find that B. subtilis form submerged biofilms at both solid and liquid interfaces in addition to air-water pellicles. When confined, bacteria grow on curved surfaces of both positive and negative Gaussian curvature. However, the confinement geometry does affect the resulting biofilm roughness and relative coverage. We also find that the biofilm location is governed by oxygen availability as well as by gravitational effects; these compete with each other in some situations. Overall, our results demonstrate that confinement geometry is an effective way to control oxygen availability and subsequently biofilm growth.
Influence of the Simulation Model on the Spatial Arc Resistance Distribution of an Axially Blown Switching Arc (2011)

Circuit breakers are important elements of the electric power supply system. Due to the contact separation during the switch-off process an electric arc is ignited within the circuit breaker. A forced flow of the insulating quenching gas medium is used to cool the arc influencing its conductivity. Only if the power dissipation due to cooling exceeds the electrical power input by ohmic heating, the arc is extinguished and the current is successfully interrupted in its natural zero crossing (CZ). As the impact of the cooling by the quenching gas on the resistance of the arc is considered crucial for the success of the switch-off process, the spatial distribution of the resistance is of high importance for the assessment of a circuit breakers performance. Research and development projects related to circuit breakers more and more often use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The implemented simulation models have to be be verified by adequate experiments. This paper deals with the influence of the simulation model on the simulated spatial arc resistance distribution near current zero. Different approaches for modelling the chaotic and turbulent phenomena of the arc are introduced and their results are compared with values measured in experiments. Here the turbulence model is of main interest. On the one hand the investigations show a good agreement between simulative and experimental results for the total arcing voltage when using adequate models. On the other hand these turbulence models lead to differences in the calculated spatial arc resistance distributions – which cannot be verified by experiments so far.
Effects of Electromagnetic Energy on the Environment - A Summary Report (1974)

Man-uses of Electromagnetic Energy to cause beneficial effects, and to avoid potentially hazardous effects by controlling the electric and magnetic fields in his Environment are discussed. Included is a discussion of natural and man-made electromagnetic generators; the electrical nature of man; effects produced in exposed objects; the scope of the uses of Electromagnetic Technology; and their regulation by Public Laws.
Screening of Transformed Insect Cell Lines for Recombinant Protein Production (1999)

Nine insect cell lines were evaluated for their potential as host systems for recombinant protein production using a new expression vector permitting the continuous high-level expression of secreted glycoproteins by transformed insect cells (Farrell et al., 1998). As a means of preliminary screening, all nine insect cell lines were transfected with the green fluorescence protein. Growth in static and suspension culture was then examined as a further method of screening. On the basis of their transfection efficiencies and cell growth characteristics, five insect cell lines, Bm5, High Five, IPLB-LdFB, IZD-MB-0503, and Sf-21, were selected for stable transformation to produce granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). These five cell lines were stably transformed using an antibiotic resistance scheme and evaluated as a polyclonal population. Increasing the antibiotic concentration was found to cause not only a decrease in the specific growth rate but also an increase in the specific protein production rate and final GM-CSF concentration. The transformed High Five cells exhibited by far the greatest specific protein production rate of 5.1 x 10(-)(6) microgram/(cell.h), resulting in the highest final GM-CSF concentration of 22.8 mg/L when grown in static culture. One cloned High Five cell line produced a GM-CSF concentration of 46 mg/L in static culture and 27 mg/L in suspension culture.
S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine levels in the aging brain of APP/PS1 Alzheimer mice (2009)

Hyperhomocysteinemia and factors of homocysteine metabolism, S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) and S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), may play a role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). With liquid-chromatography-tandem-mass-spectrometry AdoMet and AdoHcy were determined in brains of 8- and 15-month-old APP/PS1 Alzheimer mice, and their possible roles in AD brains investigated. The finding that AdoMet levels do not differ between the genotypes in (young) 8-month-old mice, but are different in (older) 15-month-old APP/PS1 mice compared to their wild-type littermates, suggests that alterations in AdoMet are a consequence of AD pathology rather than a cause. During aging, AdoMet levels decreased in the brains of wild-type mice, whereas AdoHcy levels diminished in both wild type and APP/PS1 mice. The finding that AdoMet levels in APP/PS1 mice are not decreased during aging (in contrast to wild-type mice), is probably related to less demand due to neurodegeneration. No effect of the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or cholesterol-enriched diets on AdoMet or AdoHcy levels were found.
Identification of small peptides mimicking the R2 <i>C</i>‐terminus of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> ribonucleotide reductase (2010)

Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) is a viable target for new drugs against the causative agent of tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Previous work has shown that an N-acetylated heptapeptide based on the C-terminal sequence of the smaller RNR subunit can disrupt the formation of the holoenzyme sufficiently to inhibit its function. Here the synthesis and binding affinity, evaluated by competitive fluorescence polarization, of several truncated and N-protected peptides are described. The protected single-amino acid Fmoc-Trp shows binding affinity comparable to the N-acetylated heptapeptide, making it an attractive candidate for further development of non-peptidic RNR inhibitors.
<i>tert</i>-Butyl 2,3-dihydro-1<i>H</i>-cyclopenta[<i>b</i>]indole-4-carboxylate (2016)

In the title molecule, C 16 H 19 NO 2 , all the non-hydrogen atoms except two of the C atoms of the tert -butyl group lie on a crystallographic mirror plane. No classical hydrogen bonds are observed. The crystal packing is influenced by weak π–π and C—H...π interactions.
Laparoscopic Splenectomy for a Huge Splenic Cyst Without Preoperative Drainage (2003)

Laparoscopic splenectomy currently is a safe procedure and offers better cosmetic results, less pain, and a shorter hospital stay than the traditional open procedure. However, there have been only a few reports of laparoscopic removal of giant splenic cysts. An 18-year-old woman was admitted with abdominal fullness. CT scans and MRI images of the upper abdomen revealed a cystic mass having a diameter of 19 cm. Preoperative diagnosis was a large splenic cyst, and laparoscopic splenectomy with intraoperative cyst drainage (amount of drained fluid: 3,000 mL) was performed. Histologically, almost the entire cyst wall was lined with fibrous tissue, but a small portion was covered with stratified squamous epithelium. The final diagnosis was epidermoid cyst. The postoperative course was uneventful. Laparoscopic splenectomy should be tried first even in patients with a huge cyst, and intraoperative drainage under laparoscopic guidance facilitates laparoscopic splenectomy.
Evolving understanding on the aetiology of thermally provoked itch (2015)

This mini-review describes recent results of both basic and clinical research related to thermally provoked itch.
Inorganic qualitative analysis: Semimicro technique with estimation of concentrations (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook and Media Revie...Book and Media ReviewNEXTInorganic qualitative analysis: Semimicro technique with estimation of concentrationsRay Woodriff Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1954, 31, 5, 279Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1954Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 May 1954Published inissue 1 May 1954https://doi.org/10.1021/ed031p279.1RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views109Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (994 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
High temperature two stage combustion concept for ammonia contained syngas fuel utilization (2018)

This paper provides results of numerical study of synthesis gas combustion with special emphasis on fuel contained ammonia utilization. Ammonia is reference component of nitrogen contained particle and its influence on nitric oxides emission during combustion was investigated. The combustion process was performed with use of modern concept of High Temperature Air Combustion (HiTAC) technology called High Temperature Two Stage Combustion (HTTSC). The research was focused on numerical simulation of NO formation during this process. Numerical analysis of nitric oxides formation along the combustion chamber was conducted. Three numerical models were investigated using Cantera reaction kinetics environment; GRI 3.0, Tian and Konnov. The lowest emission rates were obtained for local air excess ratios = 0.45 and 0.6 on the first combustion stage. Absolute NO emission for GRI 3.0 was 24% higher than other mechanisms and trend for = 0.45 indicated greater emission than for 0.6. For all cases the final oxygen content in flue gases was kept at level of 7.9%. The results of numerical analysis indicated high compliance with experimental outcomes for high contents of ammonia in gas fuel.
Improved Position Estimation for Mobile Robots on Rough Terrain Using Attitude Information (2001)

Most mobile robots use a combination of absolute and relative sensing techniques for position estimation. Relative positioning techniques are generally known as dead-reckoning. Many systems use odometry as their only dead-reckoning means. However, in recent years fiber optic gyroscopes have become more affordable and are being used on many platforms to supplement odometry, especially in indoor applications. Still, if the terrain is not level (i.e., rugged or rolling terrain), the tilt of the vehicle introduces errors into the conversion of gyro readings to vehicle heading. In order to overcome this problem vehicle tilt must be measured and factored into the heading computation. This technical report introduces a new fuzzy logic expert rule-based method for fusing data from multiple low- to medium-cost gyroscopes and accelerometers in order to estimate accurately the attitude (i.e., heading and tilt) of a mobile robot. The attitude information is then further fused with wheel encoder data to estimate the three-dimensional position of the mobile robot. Experimental results of mobile robot runs over rugged terrain are presented, showing the effectiveness of our fuzzy logic rule-based sensor fusion method.
Fatal Septic Thrombosis of the Superior Sagittal Sinus After Face-lift Surgery Caused by Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2009)

The overriding goal of chemoimmobilization of cutaneous wounds is to eliminate dynamic tension on the healing tissues. Paralysis of the muscle groups adjacent and subjacent to the wound should therefore be as complete as possible.
Preparations for deuterium–tritium experiments on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor* (1994)

The final hardware modifications for tritium operation have been completed for the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) [Fusion Technol. 21, 1324 (1992)]. These activities include preparation of the tritium gas handling system, installation of additional neutron shielding, conversion of the toroidal field coil cooling system from water to a FluorinertTM system, modification of the vacuum system to handle tritium, preparation, and testing of the neutral beam system for tritium operation and a final deuterium–deuterium (D–D) run to simulate expected deuterium–tritium (D–T) operation. Testing of the tritium system with low concentration tritium has successfully begun. Simulation of trace and high power D–T experiments using D–D have been performed. The physics objectives of D–T operation are production of ≊10 MW of fusion power, evaluation of confinement, and heating in deuterium–tritium plasmas, evaluation of α-particle heating of electrons, and collective effects driven by alpha particles and testing of diagnostics for confined α particles. Experimental results and theoretical modeling in support of the D–T experiments are reviewed.
Bacterial Monoamine Oxidases (1967)

A procedure for obtaining crystalline preparations of tyramine oxidase of Sarcina lutea has been developed. The procedure included fractionation with ammonium sulfate, treat-ment with protamine sulfate and separation by column chromatographies on DEAE-cellulose, hydroxylapatite and sephadex G-150. The specific activity of enzyme was increased 5, 700_??_6, 000-fold through the procedure, over the crude cell extract. Crystals were prepared from solutions of the purified enzyme by adding solid ammonium sulfate. The crystals appeared as minute, highly refractive needles, with a bright yellow color.
Electrically Oscillating Plasmonic Nanoparticles for Enhanced DNA Vaccination against Hepatitis C Virus (2016)

The promise of DNA vaccines is far-reaching. However, the development of potent immunization methods remains a key challenge for its use in clinical applications. Here, an approach for in vivo DNA vaccination by electrically activated plasmonic Au nanoparticles is reported. The electrical excitation of plasmonic nanoparticles can drive vibrational and dipole-like oscillations that are able to disrupt nearby cell membranes. In combination with their intrinsic ability to focus and magnify the electric field on the surface of cells, Au nanoparticles allow enhanced cell poration and facilitate the uptake of DNA vaccine. Mice immunized with this approach showed up to 100-fold higher gene expression compared to control treatments (without nanoparticles) and exhibited significantly increased levels of both antibody and cellular immune responses against a model hepatitis C virus DNA vaccine. This approach can be tuned to establish controlled and targeted delivery of different types of therapeutic molecules into cells and live animals as well.
Semantically Segmented Clustering Based on Possibilistic and Rough Set Theories (2015)

This paper reports the application of a possibility and rough set based clustering to semantically segmented real-world databases. The approach is an improved version of the well-known k-modes algorithm. It is a soft clustering method that clusters instances with uncertain categorical values to different clusters using their membership degrees. The possibility theory is used for dealing with uncertainty in the values of attributes and in the memberships of clusters. Rough sets are used to detect clusters with rough boundaries. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach with the help of two real-world databases: a retail store or transactions data set and a mobile phone data set. The numeric values of attributes are segmented into semantically meaningful linguistic values using a novel discretization method. These linguistic values can lead to more natural interpretation of knowledge using possibilistic degrees. The possibilistic degrees describe our knowledge relative to the values of attributes (fully plausible to occur, may occur, or rejected) and identify the level of uncertainty in memberships to different clusters. In addition, our method deduces peripheral objects by calculating the approximate sets as defined in the rough set theory. The k-modes enhanced with rough set and possibility theories can provide semantically meaningful information for decision making to the store owners (retails data set) and telecommunication companies (mobile phone data set).
Queue-Aware Subchannel and Power Allocation for Downlink OFDM-Based Cognitive Radio Networks (2009)

We investigate downlink resource allocation for OFDM-based cognitive radio networks. It is assumed that secondary users are allowed to transmit on all subchannels as long as the interference they create for primary users remains below a critical threshold. We consider a practical setting where secondary users have finite queue backlogs and a total power constraint at the base station and we perform resource allocation either over one or multiple time slots. Specifically, secondary users with small queue backlogs are only allocated sufficient rates to support their traffic demands and the remaining radio resources are shared among highly backlogged users. Under this setting, we formulate the joint subchannel and power problem with max-min fairness for highly backlogged users. Then, we propose an iterative procedure to find an optimal resource allocation solution using an integer program solver. For online implementation, we develop several heuristics of increasing complexity and performance. Numerical results show that the proposed heuristics achieve very good performance compared to the optimal solutions and that taking queue backlogs into account does not make the heuristics much slower while making the system more responsive to users' need.
Effectiveness of the adriamycin-DNA complex in kidney allograft immunosuppression. (1981)

The chemotherapeutic effectiveness of the lysosomotropic Adriamycin-DNA complex has been demonstrated experimentally. This study evaluated the immunosuppressive activity of the complex on renal allografts in rats of the Buffalo-Lewis strain. Six rats receiving no treatment served as a control. Five rats received DNA along (at a dose equivalent to that in the complex), seven received the Adriamycin-DNA complex (molar ratio of DNA mononucleotide to Adriamycin, 20:1) and five were given free Adriamycin. Adriamycin, free or linked to DNA, was injected as follows: 2 mg/kg on days 2, 6 and 9 and 1 mg/kg on day 13 after transplantation. The Adriamycin-DNA complex prevented renal allograft rejection in the early postoperative period, by delaying for more than a week, the increase in serum creatinine levels in animals receiving transplants. Histologic examination of renal grafts in these rats confirmed the reduced severity of acute cellular rejection. There was also functional and morphologic evidence of reduced toxicity of Adriamycin when linked to DNA. The beneficial effect of such a drug should be attributed to its lysosomotropic mechanism of activity.
[Phencyclidine abuse, dependence, intoxication, and psychosis]. (2010)

Phencyclidine (PCP), the potent psychotomimetic drug, is an illicit street drug which is used widely among youth in the United States. The popularity of PCP abuser gradually decreased in recent years. However, the PCP abuse is still serious social problem due to its severe intoxication. In the present review, recent progress in our understanding about PCP abuse, dependence, intoxication, psychosis and the diagnosis and treatment was summarized. A long time has passed since the epidemic of PCP abuse, while there are few medical advances for PCP-induced disorder. It is strongly desirable to develop medical approaches to PCP abuse, dependence, intoxication, and psychosis.
ChemInform Abstract: The Palladium‐Catalyzed “Vinylogous Acetylenic Claisen Rearrangement”: A New Vitamin A Synthesis and a Short Path to Allenic Unsaturated Carbonyls. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
IEEE 802.21-enabled ALIVE-HO for media streaming in heterogeneous wireless networks (2010)

The convergence of heterogeneous wireless access technologies is an intrinsic part of the long term evolution of wireless networks. This convergence creates network overlays in which achieving seamless and efficient roaming between different technologies, commonly known as vertical handoff (VHO), introduces several challenging design issues. The media independent handover standard (IEEE 802.21) enables information exchange across different layers to improve VHO performance. In this work, we present a framework for integrating an adaptive lifetime-based vertical handoff (ALIVE-HO) algorithm with IEEE 802.21. The proposed framework is implemented and the optimal design value of the application parameter of ALIVE-HO is experimentally determined for video streaming applications under different operating scenarios.
Current and Potential Applications of Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography in Contact Lens Fitting (2012)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive, high-resolution and high-speed imaging modality that has enjoyed rapid growth in ophthalmology since its development 20 years ago. Contact lens fitting is traditionally based on trial lenses, which is expensive and time-consuming. Modern anterior segment OCT is capable of generating three-dimensional ocular surface maps of the cornea and sclera with potential application in contact lens fitting. This paper reviewed the history, the ophthalmic applications, and the most recent advancement in three-dimensional anterior segment OCT. There is very limited literature of OCT in contact lens fitting to date. This review anticipates an increase in this application in the near future.
Enhanced Image Processing beyond Baseband: CPU/GPU Process Model Unlocks Performance Possibilities (2013)

The speed and quality of traditional baseband approaches to image enhancement is now being eclipsed by commodity enterprise computing technology, with emerging file-based solutions focused on frame-rate conversions, de-noising, resolution-scaling, and other techniques for improving image quality. This paper will examine how continually increasing CPU power combined with increasingly sophisticated GPU-based algorithms enables ever-greater performance and output quality, with the significant operational and cost benefits found only in highly automated and massively parallelized grid-based processing workflows.