gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generalised theory of the brushlessdoubly-fedmachine. Part 1: Analysis (1997)

The authors develop the concept of the brushless doubly-fed machine, from consideration of the frequency and distribution of the EMFs induced in bars of a conventional doubly wound cage motor. These considerations lead to the development of a rigorous mathematical model which is suitable for the analysis of BDFM operating in the synchronous mode. Expressions for all impedances and electrical and mechanical quantities are derived from first principles and the concept of load angle is discussed
Two Rounds of Whole Genome Duplication in the Ancestral Vertebrate (2005)

The hypothesis that the relatively large and complex vertebrate genome was created by two ancient, whole genome duplications has been hotly debated, but remains unresolved. We reconstructed the evolutionary relationships of all gene families from the complete gene sets of a tunicate, fish, mouse, and human, and then determined when each gene duplicated relative to the evolutionary tree of the organisms. We confirmed the results of earlier studies that there remains little signal of these events in numbers of duplicated genes, gene tree topology, or the number of genes per multigene family. However, when we plotted the genomic map positions of only the subset of paralogous genes that were duplicated prior to the fish-tetrapod split, their global physical organization provides unmistakable evidence of two distinct genome duplication events early in vertebrate evolution indicated by clear patterns of four-way paralogous regions covering a large part of the human genome. Our results highlight the potential for these large-scale genomic events to have driven the evolutionary success of the vertebrate lineage.
Post global routing crosstalk risk estimation and reduction (1996)

Previous approaches for crosstalk synthesis often fail to achieve satisfactory results due to limited routing flexibility. Furthermore, the risk tolerance bounds partitioning problem critical for constrained optimization has not been adequately addressed. This paper presents the first approach for crosstalk risk estimation and reduction at the global (instead of detailed) routing level. It quantitatively defines and estimates the risk of each routing region using a graph-based optimization approach and globally adjusts routes of nets for risk reduction. At the end of the entire optimization process, a risk-free global routing solution is obtained together with partitions of nets' risk tolerance bounds which reflect the crosstalk situation of the chip. The proposed approach has been implemented and tested on CBL/NCSU benchmarks and the experimental results are very promising.
Textiles of Ancient Peru and Their Techniques. (1963)

This magnificently illustrated work offers a comprehensive view of the textiles and techniques of pre-Columbian Peru. An introduction discusses yarns, dyes, looms, and raw materials; the first of the two-part text examines weaves, and the second considers such nonwoven materials as braiding, felt, and embroidery.
Quantification and clinical relevance of gene amplification at chromosome 17q12-q21 in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-amplified breast cancers (2011)

HER2 amplification seems to drive genomic instability along chromosome 17q, leading to different patterns of gene amplification. This study confirms the clinical importance of identifying, among patients with HER2-positive breast tumors, the subgroup of patients with hormone receptor-negative and nonamplified TOP2A cancers as they have the worst prognosis.
Template-assisted self-assembly: a versatile approach to complex micro- and nanostructures (2008)

Template-assisted self-assembly (TASA) is a process in which colloidal aggregates with well-controlled sizes, shapes, and structures are fabricated by dewetting aqueous dispersions of building blocks across surfaces patterned with two-dimensional arrays of templates. Since our first demonstration in 2001, the capability and feasibility of this approach has been illustrated with the organization of polymer latex spheres or silica beads into homo-aggregates, including circular rings; polygonal and polyhedral clusters; and linear, zigzag, and spiral chains. It has been demonstrated to produce hetero-aggregates in the configuration of HF and H2O molecules that contained colloidal spheres of different sizes, compositions, densities, optical properties, or a combination of these features. More recently, TASA has also been successfully extended to colloidal building blocks with sizes well below 100 nm, expanding this technique to the nanoscale where it is expected to impact on a broad range of applications such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection.
Basal and postprandial plasma levels of PYY, ghrelin, cholecystokinin, gastrin and insulin in women with moderate and morbid obesity and metabolic syndrome. (2007)

Metabolic syndrome (MS), defined as central obesity, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia and glucose intolerance, has been associated with inflammatory biomarkers and cardiovascular diseases. This study was carried out on three groups of women; lean controls, moderately obese with MS (OB-MS) and morbidly obese with MS (MOB-MS). The main objectives were: 1. to analyze the plasma levels of total and acylated ghrelin, peptide YY(3-36) (PYY(3-36)), cholecystokinin (CCK), gastrin and insulin levels under basal conditions and in response to a standard mixed meal, and 2. to elucidate the relationship between the plasma levels of these gut peptides and metabolic syndrome parameters. Plasma levels of the gut hormones were measured by radioimmunoassays at time 0 just before the meal and at 30, 60 and 120 min after a meal ingestion. Traditional lipid profile and high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP), the strongest biomarker of inflammation were also determined in OB-MS and MOB-MS. When compared to OB-MS, MOB-MS exhibited much higher anthropometric parameters such as waist circumference, higher fat mass and higher plasma levels of low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and hs-CRP. Both these obese groups revealed significantly higher values of body mass index (BMI), fat mass, total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, insulin resistance (IR) calculated from homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) and hs-CRP compared to the values recorded in lean subjects. Fasting PYY(3-36) level was lower, while fasting acylated ghrelin was higher in MOB-MS than in OB-MS. Plasma total and acylated ghrelin levels were significantly lower in OB-MS compared to lean women. In MOB-MS women the fasting PYY(3-36) levels were lower compared to lean controls and OB-MS, whilst postprandially in both OB-MS and MOB-MS, it was much lower than in lean women. The fasting plasma levels of total and acylated ghrelin and their postprandial decrease were significantly smaller in both obese groups compared to lean subjects. Plasma hs-CRP levels correlated positively with BMI, waist circumference, fat mass, fasting glucose, HOMA IR and fasting active ghrelin, whilst it negatively correlated with plasma fasting and total ghrelin. Moreover, plasma fasting acylated ghrelin correlated positively with fat mass. Fasting total ghrelin correlated positively with BMI, HDL-C and negatively with HOMA IR. We conclude that MS features of obesity are closely related to fasting and postprandial alterations of concentrations of PYY(3-36), CCK and ghrelin, suggesting that determination of gut hormones controlling food intake might be considered as a valuable tool to assess the progression of MS to comorbidities of obesity.
P<sub>2</sub>‐purinoceptors regulate surfactant secretion from rat isolated alveolar Type II cells (1986)

Rat isolated alveolar Type II cells were utilized to examine the effect of purine and pyrimidine analogues on secretion of pulmonary surfactant. ATP potently stimulated [3H]-phosphatidylcholine ([3H]-PC) secretion in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The effect of ATP was noted by one hour of exposure and persisted for three hours. The EC50 (concentration producing 1/2 the maximal response) for ATP-induced [3H]-PC secretion was 100 nM. ADP was also a potent secretagogue for surfactant secretion, but AMP and adenosine had no significant effect on surfactant secretion at concentrations less than or equal to 250 microM. The EC50 for ADP-induced [3H]-PC secretion was 250 nM. Other purine and pyrimidine nucleotides (ITP, GTP, CTP, TTP) were examined for their effect on [3H]-PC secretion. All purine and pyrimidine triphosphates examined significantly augmented [3H]-PC secretion, but were much less potent than ATP. The EC50s were ITP = 10 microM; GTP = 100 microM; CTP = 250 microM; TTP = 100 microM. Neither 8-phenyltheophylline (10 microM, a P1-purinoceptor antagonist), propranolol (100 microM, a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist), nor indomethacin (10 microM, a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor) inhibited ATP-induced [3H]-PC secretion from isolated Type II cells. These data provide evidence for regulation of surfactant secretion from alveolar Type II cells by a P2-purinoceptor.
Failure characteristics of all polyethylene cemented glenoid implants in total shoulder arthroplasty (2010)

Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) still suffers today from mid-term and long-term complications such as glenoid implant loosening, wear, humeral head subluxation/dislocation and implant fracture. Unlike the hip and knee joint replacements, the artificial shoulder joint has yet to offer a long-term satisfactory solution to shoulder replacement. With loosening being the number one reason for TSA revision, investigating methods of monitoring the glenoid implant loosening and investigate the effects of various design parameters on the loosening behaviour of the glenoid fixation is necessary to explore the problem. Several studies were carried out using in-vitro cyclic testing and FEA to; investigate failure progression and its correlation to quantitative measures in a 2D study (n = 60), investigating key glenoid design features in a 2D (n = 60) and 3D study (n = 20), investigating the validity of using bone substitute foam for studying glenoid fixation in a cadaveric study and investigating any correlation between failure and CT or in-vitro quantitative measures (n = 10). Visible failure was observed, for the first time, correlating to inferior rim displacement and vertical head displacement measures. CT failure was detected in 70% of specimens before visible failure was observed. Out of the design pairs tested; smooth-back/rough-back (range of roughnesses), peg/keel, curved-back/flat-back and conforming/non-conforming, roughening the back-surface to 3.4 μm or more improved fixation performance (p < 0.05). Roughening the back-surface changed the mode of failure from implant/cement failure inferiorly due to tensile/shear stresses, to cement/bone failure superiorly due to compressive/shear loading. Differences in the other design pairs were marked showing peg to perform better than keel, conforming over non-conforming and no difference in curved-back over flat-back, although these differences are marginal. Improvements in the standard testing method have also been suggested.
40% tunneling magnetoresistance after anneal at 380 °C for tunnel junctions with iron–oxide interface layers (2001)

Spin tunnel junctions fabricated with one interposed Fe–FeOx layer between the Al2O3 barrier and the top CoFe pinned electrode show large tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) (40%) for anneals up to 380 °C. The annealing temperature TTMR*, where maximum TMR occurs, increases with the inserted Fe–FeOx layer thickness. For samples with thicker inserted layer, the pinned layer moment (which usually starts to decay below 300 °C in the normal junctions) increases with annealing temperature up to 380 °C and remains at a maximum until 450 °C. The large TMR at high temperature is related with the diffusion of extra Fe (from the Fe–FeOx layer) into the electrode interfacial region and the as-deposited paramagnetic FeOx decomposition into metallic Fe, and possibly the formation of some Fe3O4, which compensate the interface polarization loss associated with Mn interdiffusion. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry analysis confirms partial Fe diffusion into the top CoFe electrode after anneal. Meanwhile, x-ray photoelectron spectra for the Fe 2p core level show that the FeOx contribution in the upper part of the inserted layer decreases upon annealing, while it increases in the inner part near the barrier, suggesting the FeOx decomposition and the oxygen diffusion toward the inner metallic Fe and Al barrier. The study of R×A values and barrier parameters versus annealing temperature for samples with 7 and 25 Å Fe–FeOx also reflects the above structural changes in the inserted layer.
A 50-KVA Adjustable-Frequency 24-Phase Controlled Rectifier Inverter (1962)

This paper describes a multiphase 50-kva silicon-controlled rectifier inverter that uses phase displacement of the outputs from four 3-phase bridge inverters to generate a 3-phase output waveform with low harmonic content. The output voltage is controlled over a wide range by simply changing the phase position of controlled rectifier gate signals. Low harmonic content is maintained in the unfiltered output wave over the complete voltage range. At one phase position the lowest harmonic of consequence present in the output waveform is the 23rd. Frequency of the inverter output is smoothly adjustable over the range of 50 to 500 cps. The static inverter offers this adjustable frequency, and adjustable voltage power supply with electronic precision. Frequency regulation is independent of supply voltage or load variations and only dependent upon a low power timing oscillator.
The Concept of Crisis: Current Status and Mental Health Implications (1963)

The concept of crisis has served as a useful framework within which to consider the reactions of persons to a wide range of events. Judging by the recent literature, there is a newly awakened interest in this area. The present paper attempts to review the representative literature pertinent to the development of this concept, the current uses in the field and some suggested future directions for research, especially as they pertain to the broad field of mental health.
Time and frequency domain analysis for right angle corners on printed circuit board traces (2002)

For years, rules of thumb were provided in published literature stating 90 degree corners create radiated EMI. In addition, concerns exists regarding signal integrity for high-speed digital signals traveling down a printed circuit board (PCB) trace. High-speed is defined in this paper as a signal with an edge rate much faster than one nanosecond (1 ns), generally in the mid-to-low picosecond range and greater than 100 MHz. These rules of thumb are stated without justification if they are necessary or whether EMI compliance is jeopardized. These concerns are based on word-of-mouth, theoretical models or the mathematics of Maxwell's equations. Computer simulation of PCB traces with various configurations have been presented in published literature based on models that in almost every case does not represent real-life or actual electrical parameters found in PCB designs. These parameters include stackup assignments, creation of common-mode energy, component driver models, distance spacing of a trace referenced to an RF return path, or incorporation within an enclosure. Research generally considers only the time or frequency domain, not both. In order to study how routed traces perform within a PCB, consideration is given to investigating both the time and frequency domain of a circuit.
Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) Based Chemical Sensor (2008)

In this work, reagentless fiber optic-based chemical sensors for water quality testing were fabricated by coating fiber Bragg gratings with the glassy polymer cellulose acetate. With this polymeric matrix capable of localizing or concentrating chemical constituents within its structure, immersion of the coated grating in various chemical solutions causes the rigid polymer to expand and mechanically strain the glass fiber. The corresponding changes in the periodicity of the grating subsequently result in altered Bragg-reflected responses. A high-resolution tunable fiber ring laser interrogator is used to obtain room temperature reflectance spectrograms from two fiber gratings at 1550 nm and 1540 nm wavelengths. Rapidly swept measurements of the full spectral shapes yield real-time chemical detection and identification. With deionized water as a reference, wavelength shifts in the reflectivity transition edge from –82 pm to +43 pm and changes in response bandwidth from –27 pm to +42 pm are used to identify uniquely a diverse selection of chemical analytes.
Signalling cascades integrating light-enhanced nitrate metabolism (2008)

In higher plants, light is crucial for regulation of nitrate uptake, translocation and assimilation into organic compounds. Part of this metabolism is tightly coupled to photosynthesis because the enzymes involved, nitrite reductase and glutamate synthase, are localized to the chloroplasts and receive reducing power from photosynthetic electron transport. However, important enzymes in nitrate acquisition and reduction are localized to cellular compartments other than chloroplasts and are also up-regulated by light, i.e. transporters in cell and organellar membranes and nitrate reductase in the cytosol. This review describes the different light-dependent signalling cascades regulating nitrate metabolism at the transcriptional as well as post-transcriptional level, and how reactions in different compartments of the cell are co-ordinated. Essential players in this network are phytochrome and HY5 (long hypocotyls 5)/HYH (HY5 homologue)-dependent signalling pathways, the energy-related AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) protein kinase homologue SNRK1 (sucrose non-fermenting kinase 1-related kinase), chloroplastic thioredoxins and the prokaryotically originated PII protein. A complex light-dependent network of regulation emerges, which appears to be necessary for optimal nitrogen assimilation and for avoiding the accumulation of toxic intermediates and side products, such as nitrite and reactive oxygen compounds.
Foxp1 maintains hair follicle stem cell quiescence through regulation of Fgf18 (2013)

Hair follicles cyclically degenerate and regenerate throughout adult life and require regular stem cell activation to drive the cycle. In the resting phase of the hair cycle, hair follicle stem cells are maintained in a quiescent state until they receive signals to proliferate. We found that the forkhead transcription factor Foxp1 is crucial for maintaining the quiescence of hair follicle stem cells. Loss of Foxp1 in skin epithelial cells leads to precocious stem cell activation, resulting in drastic shortening of the quiescent phase of the hair cycle. Conversely, overexpression of Foxp1 in keratinocytes prevents cell proliferation by promoting cell cycle arrest. Finally, through both gain- and loss-of-function studies, we identify fibroblast growth factor 18 (Fgf18) as the key downstream target of Foxp1. We show that exogenously supplied FGF18 can prevent the hair follicle stem cells of Foxp1 null mice from being prematurely activated. As Fgf18 controls the length of the quiescent phase and is a key downstream target of Foxp1, our data strongly suggest that Foxp1 regulates the quiescent stem cell state in the hair follicle stem cell niche by controlling Fgf18 expression.
Thermal Gradients Can Boost the Local Concentration of DNA in Solution (2003)

Did thermal diffusion and convection initiate the creation of the first biomolecules 3.5 billion years ago?
Biomarkers in Parkinsonʼs disease (2012)

The search for effective biomarkers for diagnosis and surveillance of Parkinson's disease continues. A battery of biomarkers comprising different modalities might be required to address clinical needs in this complex disorder. Critically, collaborative efforts including centralized tissue repository and clinical research infrastructure that are being organized will advance this field further.
An Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming with Java 2nd Edition (2000)

From the Publisher:
An Introduction To Object-Oriented Programming With Java by C. Thomas Wu takes students with no programming background and gets them programming quickly. Wu's object-oriented approach allows students to build their own programs right from the start. Wu's Javabook Package provides students with predefined objects that they can use to build programs right from the beginning,and eventually they learn to create their own objects Wu uses diagrams extensively in his first edition and has enhanced this aspect of his text in the new edition by use of a second color to improve the pedagogy. Also new to this edition is coverage of vectors in the Arrays chapter A new website complete with On-Line Learning Center supports the second edition. Some of the features include: Animated PowerPoints,Automated Self-Tests,Handouts on How To Use Popular Compilers,Source Code for the javabook Package,and solutions for instructors
Delay analysis of a packet voice multiplexer (2002)

The performance of a statistical multiplexer whose inputs consist of a superposition of voice packets from c trunks is studied. Voice calls are established according to a Poisson process and call holding times have a general distribution. Each voice call, while in progress, generates packets at fixed intervals of Delta . Thus, when n calls are in progress, the packet generation process is a superposition of n renewal processes, each with an interarrival time of exactly Delta . These packets are fed to a transmitter whose service time for all packets is exactly beta . It is assumed that c beta < Delta , i.e. the transmitter queue is stable even when all trunks are busy. The delay for such a system is analyzed by solving the Sigma D/sub i//D/1 queue. An efficient hybrid simulation method for the packet voice multiplexer is proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Discussion on Security in Logistics and Supply Chain (2006)

On the base of analyzing the background of security issues in logistics and supply chain,this paper gives a concept of security issues in logistics and supply chain,puts it into categories and supplies some principles implementing security management of logistics and supply chain.The paper analyses and studies security management of container logistics,human security management in logistics chain and information system action to logistics security management.In this paper,some implementation situation of logistics and supply chain security management abroad are introduced.
Real-time and embedded systems (1996)

MusicalHeart is a biofeedback-based, context-aware, automated music recommendation system for smartphones. We introduce a new wearable sensing platform, Septimu, which consists of a pair of sensor-equipped earphones that communicate to the smartphone via the audio jack. The Septimu platform enables the MusicalHeart application to continuously monitor the heart rate and activity level of the user while listening to music. The physiological information and contextual information are then sent to a remote server, which provides dynamic music suggestions to help the user maintain a target heart rate. We provide empirical evidence that the measured heart rate is 75 % − 85 % correlated to the ground truth with an average error of 7.5 BPM. The accuracy of the person-specific, 3-class activity level detector is on average 96.8%, where these activity levels are separated based on their differing impacts on heart rate. We demonstrate the practicality of MusicalHeart by deploying it in two real world scenarios and show that MusicalHeart helps the user achieve a desired heart rate intensity with an average error of less than 12.2%, and its quality of recommendation improves over time.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for <i>Clostridium difficile</i> Infection (2015)

U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.