gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Persistent Changes in Spontaneous Firing of Purkinje Neurons Triggered by the Nitric Oxide Signaling Cascade (2003)

Many types of neurons fire spontaneously because of the activity of pacemaking ion channels. Although endogenous firing can serve as a persistent signal to downstream targets, little attention has been paid to factors that might modulate such intrinsic electrical activity. We tested for modulation of spontaneous firing of Purkinje neurons in cerebellar slices under conditions in which principal synaptic inputs were blocked. Loose-patch recordings from single neurons show that sustained (>40 min) increases in the spontaneous firing rate can be triggered by activation of the nitric oxide-cGMP signaling pathway. Inhibitors of soluble guanylate cyclase and protein kinase G block this modulation. Increases in firing rate are also observed after stimulation of parallel fibers but not in response to basket cell activity. These findings elucidate a novel role for the nitric oxide-cGMP signaling cascade in the brain. This mechanism could permit long-term adjustments in the baseline firing rate of endogenously active neurons in response to changes in afferent activity.
A row-based cell placement method that utilizes circuit structural properties (1995)

We propose a cell placement method for row-based integrated circuit layout. The proposed method cleverly utilizes the structural properties of the circuits. It first extracts strongly connected subcircuits, called cones, from the circuit and then groups small cones, called fragments, to reduce the number of cones. The algorithm then performs a macro-cell placement, treating each cone as a soft macro. Next, it maps the resulting macro-cell placement into a row-based placement. Finally, it applies a simulated-annealing procedure to refine the row-based placement. It is able to produce, in a shorter period of CPU time, a higher quality placement compared to classical simulated-annealing-based placement methods as demonstrated by some experimental results on the MCNC benchmarks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
RM methods for multiple fare structure environments (2008)

The rapid growth of Low Cost Carriers (LCC) and their simplified fare structures has created "semi-restricted" fare structures where lower classes are undifferentiated except for price, while higher fare classes are still differentiated by various advance purchase and booking restrictions. The problem this causes is two-fold: (1) traditional revenue management systems, which operate based on the assumption of demand independence, will see demand "spiral down" into the lowest booking classes as passengers buy the lowest available fare in the absence of fare restrictions; (2) airlines must maximize network revenues across two different fare structures, a more-restricted structure used on markets without an LCC presence, and the semi-restricted structure for markets where LCC competition exists. This thesis describes methods of dealing with these two problems: Hybrid Forecasting (HF), which forecasts "product-oriented" demand using traditional forecasting methods while simultaneously forecasting "price-oriented" demand for those passengers who will buy the lowest available fare; and Fare Adjustment (FA), which is used at the booking limit optimizer level to account for the sell-up potential of passengers. FA allows the airline to deal with multiple fare structures separately. The goal of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive summary of results when an airline uses HF and FA simultaneously in two different multiple fare structure, competitive networks. An alternate FA formulation also will be introduced and tested in these competitive environments. Results from the Passenger Origin-Destination Simulator (PODS) demonstrate that in a more restrictive network, HF and FA used in conjunction with one another achieve revenue increases of approximately 2-4% above traditional forecasting methods. In an environment with a fully unrestricted fare structure for LCC markets, HF and FA together generate revenue gains of over 20% above traditional methods.
Modeling and Identifying the Parameters of a Fabric Drape Model (2001)

This paper presents a draped fabric model and identification methods for obtaining unknown parameters of the model. In the first part of this paper, we present a summary of previous works that have contributed to scientific advances in this topic. We then detail the mathematical model developed to simulate the dynamic behavior of a draped fabric. The second part is entirely devoted to identifying the parameters of this model, and its principal objective is to show that it is possible to obtain these parameters by means of tests that are currently used in the textile field. Finally, we present several simulations of a draped fabric, taking into account the model and the parameters obtained in practice.
A compact flush-mounting antenna with direction finding and steerable cardioid pattern capability (1984)

A flush-mounting antenna is described which could be used, in lieu of present antennas, to provide direction finding and steerable directional pattern capability in airborne beacon transponder systems. The antenna is comparable in size to the existing, omni-directional antennas presently used for air-traffic control and military identification, friend or foe (IFF) functions. The design and performance of an experimental model of the antenna are discussed.
Suatu Tinjauan Mengenai Pelaporan Akuntansi Sosial (2014)

Selama ini perusahaan menyajikan laporan keuangan yang lebih bersifat komersial, yang tentunya banyak hal yang tidak terakomodasikan, seperti halnya tanggung jawab sosial pemsahaan terhadap lingkungan internal dan eksternal perusahaan. Hal tersebut bukan hanya merugikan bagi lingkungan internal dan eksternal perusahaan saja tetapi merugikan bagi perusahaan itu sendiri, karena apabila perusahaan mengabaikan tanggung jawab sosialnya maka akan dapat mengganggu going concern perusahaan yang berupa tuntutan dari lingkungan internal dan eksternal perusahaan, khususnya masyarakat. Tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan melalui akuntansi sosial dapat memberikan output Pelaporan Akuntansi Sosial yang berupa tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan. Pernyataan ini sangat relevan dengan yang disampaikan oleh Estes (1976;1), bahwa akuntansi sosial merupakan pengukuran dan pelaporan internal maupun eksternal yang mengungkapkan tentang pengaruh suatu entitas (perusahaan) dan aktivitas-aktivitasnya terhadap masyarakat. Sueb (2001;3 8), memberikan deñnisi atas akuntansi sosial sebagai berikut: “Akuntansi Sosial adalah penilaian dampak sosial aktivitas organisasi perusahaan, pengukuran efektifitas program-program sosial perusahaan, pelaporan pertanggungjawaban sosial perusahaan dan sistem informasi untuk menilai kinerja sosial dan ekonomi perusahaan secara menyeluruh”. Pada dasarnya pelaporan akuntansi sosial ini dipersiapkan oleh pihak manajemen perusahaan, yang dijadikan pelaporan untuk stakeholder (masyarakat). Pelaporan memuat informasi yang menyangkut dampak positif atau negatif yang ditimbulkan oleh aktivitas perusahaan yang meliputi: (a) Penilaian dampak sosial aktivitas organisasi perusahaan, (b) Pengukuran efektifitas program-program sosial perusahaan, (c) Pelaporan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan, (d) Sistem informasi untuk menilai kinerja dan ekonomi perusahaan secara menyeluruh. Kata kunci: tanggung jawab sosial, going concern, pelaporan Akuntansi Sosial.
<title>Fast block motion estimation algorithm based on combined subsamplings on pixels and search candidates</title> (2000)

Block motion estimation is one of the key technologies in video compression and has been widely adopted by several existing video coding international standards. Many popular block motion estimation methods, including three-step search (TSS), new three-step search (NTSS), and four-step search (4SS), have assumed that the error surface is unimodal over the search area or the motion vector is center-biased. However, these assumptions do not hold for most MPEG-1,2 video frames. As a result, the schemes with these assumptions will exhibit degraded performance as they applied to MPEG-1,2 video frames. In this paper, we propose a fast block matching motion estimation scheme based on an integration of pixel subsampling and search candidate subsampling. Comparing with the well- known TSS algorithm, the proposed scheme visits more candidates so that it can significantly avoid trapping into the local minima and therefore is more robust. Experimental results using typical MPEG-1 video frames show that the proposed algorithm can achieve better PSNR as well as higher speed-up ratios than the well-known TSS. In addition, the combined subsampling scheme has a regular structure that facilitates easy hardware implementation.
Electrical characterization of polymer thick film resistor (1999)

Miniaturization and full functional electronic devices are increasingly common in daily life. To place more ICs (functions) onto a limit surface of a printed wired board, embedding passive components into the printed wire board has become a conventional means of achieving this. Manufactured by thin films and ceramic thick film technologies, passive components not easily put into layers of the polymer-base circuit board. Correspondingly, a polymer thick film, is not only compatible with various substrates but also reduces manufacturing costs by decreasing the total numbers of via. This article presents a novel approach to a solventless polymer-based resistor material instant of traditional solvent type carbon-filled polymer thick film resistor material. This material has an excellent reproducibility on resistivity and thermal coefficient of resistor (TCR). Generally, the TCR of carbon black filled polymer resistor is negative. However, by combining silver filler, the TCR can be changed from negative to positive and shows a low TCR value (<300 ppm/°C) as performed in our PTF pastes. Experimental results indicate that the level of frequency noise of polymer thick film resistor strongly depends on the properties of polymer thick film material. Moreover, the resistor material, has a resistor value variation that did not change access 5 % at high frequency.
StreetSmart : modeling vehicle fuel consumption with mobile phone sensor data through a participatory sensing framework (2011)

Vehicle energy efficiency has become a priority of governments, researchers, and consumers in the wake of rising fuels costs over the last decade.Traditional Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles are particularly inefficient on high traffic or urban roadways characterized by stop-andgo driving patters.We have developed a novel regression model named StreetSmart that can serve as a transfer function between 4 traffic classification parameters we call "Energy Indices" and the fuel consumption of specific vehicle makes.In formulating the model, we show that average speed, which is the most common metric used to report traffic, is actually inadequate to quantify the impact of traffic conditions on bulk energy consumption.Rather, we use an analysis of traffic microstructure, which is the detailed acceleration profile of individual vehicles on a road segment.Using data logged on OBD-II and smartphone devices from over 600 miles of driving, we have shown that the model is capable of predicting fuel consumption with an average accuracy of over 96% using regression coefficients obtained from the same vehicle make and similar road types.Mean prediction error for all cases ranged from -2.43% to 0.06% while the max prediction error was 7.85%.We have also developed a framework for the broader StreetSmart System, a participatory sensing network that will be used to crowdsource mass quantities of smartphone accelerometer and GPS data from drivers.We propose a system architecture and discuss problems of distribution, reliability, privacy, and other concerns.Finally, we introduce future applications of StreetSmart, including hybrid vehicle drivetrain power management, electric vehicle range estimation, congestion pricing, and traffic data services.
The Impact of Microtechnologies on Chemical and Pharmaceutical Production Processes (2007)

Abstract Microreaction technology has been developed as a new chemical tool for process intensification. The technology is still at its early stage but has started to succeed its implementation in R&D labs of fine and specialty chemicals companies. This technology has many advantages to drive innovation. It leads to new and high quality products. Fine and speciality chemicals represent a niche market for this technology that could reach about EUR 140 million for microstructured parts but only in 15 to 20 years while implemented for production purpose. The improvement of the technology leading to increased technical and economical benefits will open the way to larger markets like commodity chemicals and energy applications.
Generalizations of the trust region problem (1993)

The trust region problem requires the global minimum of a general quadratic function subject to an ellipsoidal constraint. The development of algorithms for the solution of this problem has found applications in nonlinear and combinatorial optimization. In this paper we generalize the trust region problem by allowing a general quadratic constraint. The main results are a characterization of the global minimizer of the generalized trust region problem, and the development of an algorithm that finds an approximate global minimizer in a finite number of iterations.
Laser chemical processing for microelectronics (1989)

This book describes the application of laser processing techniques in the fabrication of semiconductor materials and devices for the microelectronics industry. It comprises a collection of reviews of interest to those involved with a semiconductor fabrication facility.
Characterizing BEV Powertrain Energy Consumption, Efficiency, and Range During Official and Drive Cycles From Gothenburg, Sweden (2015)

In this paper, the energy consumption per distance of a battery electric vehicle (BEV) is comprehensively investigated for various official and gathered real-world drive cycles, including the powertrain's cycle average efficiency. The powertrain component losses are modeled with a high level of detail, and they are functions of both speed and load. It is shown that the difference in calculated drive-cycle energy consumption may be up to 16% when using two different acceleration approximation methods and one speed sample per second, which is an interval commonly used among drive cycles. In contrast to combustion engine vehicles (CEVs), BEV energy consumption per distance generally increases with increasing cycle speed levels, and time spent at high speed levels have the largest influence on the consumption. The effect of acceleration on energy consumption is seen to be considerably reduced due to regenerative braking as it reduces the consumption by up to 49% on an acceleration intense cycle. Even when the regenerative area is limited to about half, the decrease in driving range is less than 1% for most cycles. By introducing the concept of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">overconsumption</i> , it is shown that much time spent at high levels of acceleration is one of the largest contributors to excess energy consumption for BEVs. Furthermore, the found cycle average powertrain efficiencies are quite similar between the different cycles, with 82%–90% during propulsion and only slightly lower during braking, i.e., much less speed dependent than for CEVs.
Evaluation of hepatitis C virus kits (1991)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies were detected in 85.9% of the samples by commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kits. Most EIA-positive samples were reactive (80%) by the RIBA HCV test (Ortho Diagnostics). Samples with optical density values greater than or equal to 2.0 were mostly reactive (87%) by RIBA HCV test, in contrast to those with values less than or equal to 1.0 (6.6%). Samples which were indeterminate by the RIBA HCV test were positive (88.4%) by HCV neutralization EIA (Abbott Laboratories), along with 29.4% of samples which were nonreactive by the RIBA HCV test.
Maleimide as a Dienophile (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMaleimide as a DienophileStewart C. HarveyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 3, 1121–1122Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01171a513https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01171a513research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views381Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Laser-enhanced patterning using photothermal effects: maskless plating and etching (1987)

We review our work on laser-enhanced plating and etching with emphasis on the chemical, electrochemical, and thermal mechanisms giving rise to the experimental observations. The metallurgical properties of the deposits and their applications, particularly in the field of microelectronics, are also discussed. The work on laser-enhanced electroplating and electrodeless plating includes high-speed deposition of copper, gold, and nickel by using the argon-ion laser as the source of localized energy. Deposition rates up to 3 orders of magnitude higher have been observed for laser-irradiated regions compared with nonirradiated ones. Mechanisms responsible for the plating enhancement are (1) enhanced chemical and electrochemical kinetics with increased temperature, (2) shifts in the local rest potential with temperature, and (3) local agitation of the solution as a result of large temperature gradients. Applications of these techniques to circuit design and repair as well as to high-speed plating of precious metals onto electrical contact areas of microelectronic circuits are considered. Experiments on high-speed laser-enhanced etching of several dielectrics are also reviewed. Volume removal rates as high as 106μm3/sec for an alumina/TiC ceramic and 105μm3/sec for 〈111〉 silicon using KOH as the etchant have been obtained.
A simple method for the detection of formaldehyde (1984)

The commonly used chromotropic acid method for the determination of formaldehyde sometimes produces a masking discolouration. We have therefore evaluated a complementary method in which acetylacetone is used as the reagent. By a combination of the 2 methods, formaldehyde can be traced in most products.
Quantification of the Internal Resistance Distribution of Microbial Fuel Cells (2008)

Identifying the limiting factors in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) system requires qualifying the contribution of each component of an MFC to internal resistance. In this study, a new method was developed to calculate the internal resistance distribution of an MFC. Experiments were conducted to identify the limiting factors in single-chamber MFCs by varying the anode surface areas, cathode surface areas, and phosphate buffer concentrations. For the MFCs with equally sized electrodes (7 cm2) and 200 mM phosphate buffer, the anode contributed just 5.4% of the internal resistance, while the cathode and the electrolyte each contributed 47.3%, indicating that the anode was not the limiting factor in power generation. The limitation of the cathode was further revealed by the 780% higher area-specific resistance (284.4 omega cm2) than the 32.3 omega cm2 of the anode. The electrolyte limitation was also evidenced by the greatly increased contribution of electrolyte in internal resistance from 47.3 to 78.2% when the concentration of phosphate buffer was decreased from 200 to 50 mM. An anodic power density of 6860 mW/m2 was achieved at a current density of 2.62 mA/cm2 using the MFCs with an anode/cathode area ratio of 1/14 and 200 mM phosphate buffer. The method was also successfully applied to analyze the internal resistance distribution of the two chamber MFCs from a previously reported study. The comparison of the internal resistances of the two air cathode systems indicates that the much lower resistances, including anode, cathode, and membrane resistances, contributed to the much better performance of the single-chamber MFCs than the two-chamber system.
Carbonyl reductase identification and development of whole-cell biotransformation for highly efficient synthesis of (R)-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethanol (2016)

Recombinant E. coli/pET-BsGDH-ER/K(10 nm)-LkCR was developed for the bioreduction of 3,5-BTAP to (R)-3,5-BTPE, offered the best results in terms of high product concentration and productivity, demonstrating its great potential in industrial manufacturing of (R)-3,5-BTPE.
Vascular responses during acute neutrophilic inflammation. Their relationship to in vivo neutrophil emigration. (1981)

Hyperemia, an increase in vascular permeability, and the emigration of leukocytes are the basic manifestations of the acute inflammatory reaction. Many previous studies have employed phagocytosable material to induce inflammation and neutrophil infiltration. In this study, we induced neutrophil infiltration into rabbit skin by injecting the soluble chemotactic stimuli, zymosan-activated plasma, C5adesArg, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, and factors released by Escherichia coli. During the evolution of the response, 51Cr-labeled leukocytes were used to quantitate neutrophil influx, 125I-labeled albumin was used to quantitate permeability, and 86Rb was used to quantitate blood flow. Simultaneous measurements showed a close correlation in time between the degree and peak rate of neutrophil influx and the degree of hyperpermeability and hyperemia. Dose-response experiments performed with 2 to 90 per cent (v/v) zymosan-activated plasma showed a direct correlation between the rate of neutrophil influx and the degree of vascular permeability in blood flow. No vascular responses were induced after injection of these chemotactic stimuli with neutrophil infiltration were inhibited by indomethacin or aspirin. It is concluded that the vascular hyperpermeability and hypermia accompanying neutrophilic inflammatory reactions may be induced by neutrophils during their migration across the microvascular walls and that prostaglandins may in part mediate these responses. Furthermore, phagocytosis by the neutrophils is not required to induce these vascular changes.
Current and future pharmacologic treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (2017)

There are currently several agents in the drug pipeline for NASH. Within the next few years, the availability of therapeutic options for NAFLD will hopefully curb the rising trend of NAFLD-related end stage liver disease.
An Investigation of Community College Students’ Perceptions of Elements Necessary for Success in Online Study (2007)

Manganese(III) acetate mediated oxidative radical cyclizations have been used to synthesize a range of densely functionalized and sterically congested cyclopentane-lactones. A number of the resulting lactones contain vicinal all-carbon quaternary stereocenters adjacent to a tertiary benzylic stereocenter and are formed with high levels of stereocontrol.