gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Convolutional Neural Networks-Based MRI Image Analysis for the Alzheimer’s Disease Prediction From Mild Cognitive Impairment (2018)

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Identifying MCI subjects who are at high risk of converting to AD is crucial for effective treatments. In this study, a deep learning approach based on convolutional neural networks (CNN), is designed to accurately predict MCI-to-AD conversion with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. First, MRI images are prepared with age-correction and other processing. Second, local patches, which are assembled into 2.5 dimensions, are extracted from these images. Then, the patches from AD and normal controls (NC) are used to train a CNN to identify deep learning features of MCI subjects. After that, structural brain image features are mined with FreeSurfer to assist CNN. Finally, both types of features are fed into an extreme learning machine classifier to predict the AD conversion. The proposed approach is validated on the standardized MRI datasets from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) project. This approach achieves an accuracy of 79.9% and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 86.1% in leave-one-out cross validations. Compared with other state-of-the-art methods, the proposed one outperforms others with higher accuracy and AUC, while keeping a good balance between the sensitivity and specificity. Results demonstrate great potentials of the proposed CNN-based approach for the prediction of MCI-to-AD conversion with solely MRI data. Age correction and assisted structural brain image features can boost the prediction performance of CNN.
How to safely apply the LVTSCR for CMOS whole-chip ESD protection without being accidentally triggered on (2002)

In this paper, the lateral SCR devices used in CMOS on-chip ESD protection circuits are reviewed. Such SCR devices had been found to be accidentally triggered on by noise pulses when the ICs are in the normal operating condition. A cascode design is therefore proposed to safely apply the low voltage triggered SCR (LVTSCR) devices for whole-chip ESD protection in CMOS ICs without causing unexpected operation errors or latch-up danger. Such cascoded LVTSCRs with a holding voltage greater than V/sub DD/ of an IC can provide CMOS ICs with effective component-level ESD protection but without being accidentally triggered by system-level overshooting or undershooting noise pulses.
The localization of the motoneurons supplying the hindlimb muscles of the mouse (1981)

Abstract The method of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has been used to localize the motoneurons that innervate the mouse hindlimb musculature. Motoneurons were labelled following either intramuscular injection of an HRP solution or application of HRP to the cut end of a muscle nerve. When intramuscular injection was used the nerves to adjacent muscles were cut and deflected from the injection site to prevent motoneurons projecting to these muscles being labelled with HRP. For some muscles this procedure was inadequate since the nerves to adjacent muscles were too short to enable adequate deflexion. The motoneurons projecting to these muscles were labelled by the method of cut nerve exposure. The motoneurons that project to a single muscle or a group of muscles were organized as longitudinal columns. The positions of such motonuclei within the lateral motor column were similar in different animals for any given muscle or muscle group. Motoneurons innervating the anterior and medial femoral muscles were located in spinal segments L1 and L2. Motoneurons innervating the remaining hindlimb muscles were found in segments L3-L5. Topographic relationships between muscle motonuclei were in general found to be similar to those described for the cat. The principal differences to be noted between the two species were that the adductors motonucleus did not overlap with the hamstrings motonucleus in the mouse. Also the motonuclei supplying the deep flexors of the crural musculature and intrinsic musculature of the foot were located more ventrally relative to the posterior crural motonucleus in the mouse as compared to the cat. Consideration of muscle homologies between vertebrate classes enabled comparisons of the localization of motonuclei between the mouse and the other species studied. It was found that topographical relations between motonuclei were similar in all the species so far studied. There was no absolute correlation between the rostrocaudal position of a motonucleus and the position in the hindlimb of the muscle that it innervated. In general, motonuclei innervating muscles derived from the dorsal muscle mass were located lateral to motonuclei innervating muscles derived from the ventral muscle mass. Furthermore, within each muscle mass there is a relationship between rostrocaudal position of a motonucleus and the anteroposterior position of the muscle it supplies. Thus there is a relation between position of a motonucleus within the spinal cord and the derivation from the embryonic muscle mass of the muscle that it supplies.
Synthese und eigenschaften copolymer polyharnstoffe mit linearer struktur (1967)

Abstract Es wird über die Syntheses hochmolekularer, thermoplastischer, glasklarer und vorwiegend amorpher Copolyharnstoffe mit periodisch wiederkehrender Harnstoffbindung in der Hauptvalenzkette berichtet. Unverzweigte aliphatische Diamine wurden mit steigenden Mengen von Diaminen cokondensiert, die Ätherbrücken oder verschiedene Seitengruppen besitzen, z.B. Methyl‐, Nonyl‐ oder Fluorengruppen. Der Einfluß dieser Substituenten auf Schmelz‐ und Einfriertemperatur, Kristallisationsverhalten, Wasseraufnahme, Fließ‐spannung, Bruchdehnung, Kerbschlagzähigkeit und E‐Modul wurde untersucht. Die Verarbeitungsmöglichkeiten der neuen Copolyharnstoffe werden kurz angegeben.
Die zweckmäßige Vertragsgestaltung (1993)

Es wurde mehrfach verdeutlicht: Die gesetzliche Regelung für Vertragsschließende ist oft lückenhaft und ruft daher teilweise Unsicherheiten hervor. Deshalb hat die Vertragsgestaltung im internationalen Rechtsgeschäft einen hohen Stellenwert. Hierbei ist zu berücksichtigen, daß jedes Land andere Vertragsklauseln zuläßt. Daher sollte bei der Vertragsgestaltung von internationalen Kaufverträgen zunächst untersucht werden, welche Vertragsklauseln in welchem Land zulässig und rechtswirksam sind. Dabei sollte die vertragliche Regelung nachfolgende Punkte berücksichtigen: die Liefer- und Zahlungsbedingungen, die Beschaffung der Dokumente, den Transport der Ware, die Transportversicherung, die Wahl des anzuwendenden Rechts und des Gerichtsstands.
A 16 GHz GaAs FET Frequency Divider (2005)

A GaAs FET regenerative frequency divider operating at K/sub u/-band is described, employing a 0.5 µm gate length device biased in the vicinity of pinch-off so as to provide both the gain and the nonlinear properties required for achieving frequency division. The study includes measured circuit responses as functions of drive level for single-tone CW, single-tone pulsed, and two-tone CW excitations.
The Synthesis of 1-Benzazepine Derivatives as Model Compounds Related to Apo-β-Erythroidine<sup>1,2</sup> (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of 1-Benzazepine Derivatives as Model Compounds Related to Apo-β-Erythroidine1,2B. D. Astill and V. BoekelheideCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 15, 4079–4084Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1955https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01620a034RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views396Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (811 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The dust-free space surrounding hot bodies (1957)

It is generally accepted that the dust-free space around hot bodies is due to the combined action of a radiometer force and an aerodynamic force caused by convection currents but no attempt has yet been made to derive a quantitative theory. Starting from the published work on the derivation of these forces a method has been evolved for equating them and the theory is worked out quantitatively for a vertical plate and for a horizontal cylinder in terms of temperature difference and the properties of the surrounding medium. The resulting relations are in good agreement with published experimental data.
Numerical Modeling of Advection and Diffusion of Urban Area Source Pollutants (1972)

A numerical, grid-element model has been developed for the study of air pollution transport from urban area-type sources. This advection-diffusion model is especially useful for the estimation of air pollution concentrations under conditions of spatial and time varying emissions, velocities and diffusion rates. The “pseudo-diffusive” errors associated with conventional finite-difference approximations to advective transport are eliminated by a material-conserving computation procedure involving the zeroth, first and second moments of the concentration distribution within each grid element. Extensions of the procedure are suggested for retention of sub-grid-scale resolution of concentration values necessary in the study of transport of chemically reactive materials, or for the incorporation of emissions from point and line sources. A novel procedure is presented for the numerical simulation of horizontal diffusion from area sources which can be used to model empirically observed dispersive growth rates.
Construction of methylation linkage map based on MSAP and SSR markers in <i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (L.) (2009)

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is one of the most important crops in the semiarid regions of the world. A methylation genetic linkage map of sorghum was constructed using a F2 population derived from a cross of B(2)V(4) x 1383-2 based on methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism (MSAP) and simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. The map including 11 linkage groups was constructed with 151 loci covering 483.6 cM, 122 of them were MSAP markers, of which 89 loci were produced from EcoRI/MspI enzyme digestion, and 33 loci were produced from EcoRI/HpaII enzyme digestion. The average and maximal distances between adjacent two individual markers were 3.2 and 22.7 cM, respectively. Twenty-nine previously mapped SSR markers in sorghum were used as anchors, most of the SSR markers in this map ordered collinearly to the published sorghum genetic map, and the distances of common markers intervals similarly. The mapping results also showed that no methylation marker was found on the chromosome SBI-08; methylation markers from both EcoRI/MspI and EcoRI/HpaII enzyme digestions were detected on SBI-02-a and SBI-05; methylation markers from only EcoRI/HpaII enzyme digestion were detected on SBI-02-b; and methylation markers from only EcoRI/MspI enzyme digestion were detected on the other seven chromosomes. High-density methylation regions were revealed near Xtxp 296 on SBI-02-a, Xtxp 69 on SBI-03, and Xtxp 160 on SBI-07. Importantly, MSAP method was first used in the construction of a genetic linkage map. MSAP can be used efficiently to detect DNA methylation polymorphisms, and it is also an efficient technique in constructing genetic linkage map. Furthermore, by finding the methylation sites linking with elite genes, cloning target genes may be facilitated. It is also possible to further study epigenetic phenomena of organisms and explain the mechanism of target gene silencing in genetic transformation by analyzing the regions of high-density methylation sites.
Breast cancer and pregnancy. (2000)

A diagnosis of breast cancer during pregnancy or the postpartum period is an unfortunate occurrence. Hormonal factors appear to play an important role early on in the development of breast cancer; however, pregnancy itself does not clearly influence the outcome of an established breast cancer. Diagnosis can be challenging in a pregnant woman and delays in diagnosis are common. Treatment decisions must take into consideration not only toxicity to the mother, but short- and long-term consequences for the fetus as well. Other special considerations with pregnancy-associated breast cancer include the timing of delivery, the potential for nursing, and concerns for future fertility. In general, management of pregnancy associated breast cancer follows the same principals as in non-pregnant patients of similar age. With thoughtful application of available therapies, outcome can be optimized for both the mother and her child.
ESR spectra of matrix-isolated lithium superoxide (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTESR spectra of matrix-isolated lithium superoxideD. M. Lindsay and D. A. GarlandCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 24, 6158–6161Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100308a020https://doi.org/10.1021/j100308a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views215Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Visualization of Gli Activity in Craniofacial Tissues of Hedgehog-Pathway Reporter Transgenic Zebrafish (2010)

We have determined that early Hh-signaling requirements in craniofacial development are indirect. We further demonstrate the Tg(Gli-d:mCherry) fish are a highly useful tool for studying Hh-signaling dependent processes during embryogenesis and larval stages.
Oxybutynin Therapy for Generalized Hyperhidrosis (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Treatment of upper airway resistance syndrome in adults: Where do we stand? (2015)

Randomized controlled trials with larger numbers of patients and long-term follow-up are important to establish UARS treatment options.
Maintenance of Interbody Space in One- and Two-Level Anterior Cervical Interbody Fusion (2005)

Therapeutic study, Level III-2 (retrospective cohort study).
Does Foliar‐applied Glycine Betaine Affect Endogenous Betaine Levels and Yield In Cotton? (2003)

Glycine betaine is a quaternary ammonium compound that is naturally accumulated in many higher plants, including cotton. Field studies suggested that glycine betaine might enhance cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) yields under water deficient conditions, even though cotton is known to accumulate glycine betaine naturally. To test this, three field experiments in 1998 and 1999 were conducted in Arkansas to determine the effects of glycine betaine on cotton in response to water‐deficit stress. In general, no significant differences were found in yield components, physiological processes, or endogenous levels in glycine betaine treated cotton. Significant differences were found in endogenous levels of glycine betaine in response to water‐deficit stress. While it is possible that cotton's drought resistance is enhanced by endogenous glycine betaine accumulation, foliar applications of the compound do not appear to improve yield.
Haemotoxic snake venoms: their functional activity, impact on snakebite victims and pharmaceutical promise (2017)

Snake venoms are mixtures of numerous proteinacious components that exert diverse functional activities on a variety of physiological targets. Because the toxic constituents found in venom vary from species to species, snakebite victims can present with a variety of life-threatening pathologies related to the neurotoxic, cytotoxic and haemotoxic effects of venom. Of the 1·8 million people envenomed by snakes every year, up to 125 000 die, while hundreds of thousands survive only to suffer with life-changing long-term morbidity. Consequently, snakebite is one of the world's most severe neglected tropical diseases. Many snake venoms exhibit strong haemotoxic properties by interfering with blood pressure, clotting factors and platelets, and by directly causing haemorrhage. In this review we provide an overview of the functional activities of haemotoxic venom proteins, the pathologies they cause in snakebite victims and how their exquisite selectivity and potency make them amenable for use as therapeutic and diagnostic tools relevant for human medicine.
Gas hydrates in natural gas pipe lines (1937)

The technical advances in endoscopic ultrasonograpy (EUS) and accessories have enabled performing EUS-guided intervention in the pancreas and biliary tract. Many research centers have been performing or investigating EUS-guided drainage, EUS-guided celiac plexus neurolysis and block, EUS-guided anastomosis that includes choledocho-enterostomy and choledocho-gastrostomy, EUS-guided ablation and injection therapy mainly for pancreatic neoplasm, EUS-guided photodynamic therapy and EUS-guided brachytherapy. Some of these are currently clinical applications and others are under investigations in clinical studies or animal models. Further detailed randomized controlled clinical trials and the development of materials will bring us into a new era of therapeutic EUS.
Frontal Cortical and Left Temporal Glutamatergic Dysfunction in Schizophrenia (1989)

Glutamatergic mechanisms have been investigated in postmortem brain samples from schizophrenics and controls. D-[3H]Aspartate binding to glutamate uptake sites was used as a marker for glutamatergic neurones, and [3H]kainate binding for a subclass of postsynaptic glutamate receptors. There were highly significant increases in the binding of both ligands to membranes from orbital frontal cortex on both the left and right sides of schizophrenic brains. The changes are unlikely to be due to antemortem neuroleptic drug treatment, because no similar changes were recorded in other areas. A predicted left-sided reduction in D-[3H]aspartate binding was refuted at 5% probability, but not at 10%. Previously reported high concentrations of dopamine in left amygdala were strongly associated with low concentrations of D-[3H]aspartate binding in left polar temporal cortex in the schizophrenics. The findings are compatible with an overabundant glutamatergic innervation of orbital frontal cortex in schizophrenia. The results also suggest that schizophrenia may involve left-sided abnormalities in the relationship between temporal glutamatergic and dopaminergic projections to amygdala.
Characterization of Egyptian Fluorescent Rhizosphere Pseudomonad Isolates with High Nematicidal Activity against the Plant Parasitic Nematode Meloidogyne Incognita (2010)

A total of 52 Egyptian rhizosphere fluorescent pseudomonad isolates (ERFP) were screened for their nematicidal activity in vitro. The screening results showed an inhibitory effect on hatching of Meloidogyne incognita eggs ranging from 57 % to 100 %. Similar to the chemical nematicide Videt in vitro experiment, cultures or cell-free supernatants (CFS) of the ERFP isolates showed complete inhibition of egg hatching and killed 100 % of the J2. In glasshouse pot experiments, cultures of these isolates, CFS and the chemical nematicide showed reduction in root galling ranging from 81.0-95.4, 61.3-84.5, 97.3%, respectively. Also, the reduction in nematode multiplication in soil was 91.9-95.7, 83.5-84.5 and 96.5% for cultures, CFS and the chemical nematicide, respectively, compared to the positive control (nematode only). Furthermore, these isolates showed significant increases in plant growth characters, phenolic content and activities of the plant defense-related enzymes. Based on 16S rDNA sequences and API NE kits, two major clusters were observed; strains Ps 36 and Ps 54 appeared to fall within the variability range of P. putida, while Ps 21, Ps 22 and Ps 14 are likely to be strains of P. aeruginosa. The distinctness of Ps 36 and Ps 54 from Ps 14, Ps 21 and Ps 22 was supported by their physiological characteristics, such as the ability of Ps 14 and Ps 21 and Ps 22 to utilize mannitol, N-acetyl-glucose amine and adipate.
Automatic Samplers for Gas Chromatography (1980)

The advantages of automatic samplers for gas chromatography are cited. Three commercially available automatic samplers are described and discussed. Their precision of injection is compared and found equivalent.