gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FIRST QUARTERLY REPORT ON THE EFFECT OF RADIATION ON THE DUCTILE-BRITTLE TRANSITION IN PRESSURE VESSEL STEELS (1961)

lron and binary alloys of iron containing a few% silicon, nickel, chromium, and manganese are to be studied initially; the reasons for this choice are discussed. The applications of the main techniques of investigation, tensile testing and electron microscopy, are described together with a brief outline of the subsidiary techniques of electrical resistivity, x-ray diffraction, and internal friction studies. Preliminary experiments to produce controlled grain sizes and methods of determining grain sizes are described and discussed. The progress made so far in the design and construction of special apparatus (furnaces and a low temperature cryostat) is recorded, and some results concerning the preparation techniques for electron microscope samples are given. The irradiation requirements are discussed and it is shown that the alloys chosen are satisfactory from the point of view of induced activity after irradiation and that the doses required will not lead to significant composition changes due to transmutation. lt is also shown that the dimensions of the samples to be irradiated are such that no significant self-shielding eIfects are encountered. Finally, questions relating to dosimetry and control and manipulation in the reactor are considered. (auth)
Laser wind sensing: the effects of saturation of scintillation (1976)

We have developed a physically based extension of the first-order perturbation theory of optical scintillation that accounts for the observed variance and covariance of the amplitude fluctuations in strong integrated turbulence. We use this model to analyze the experimentally observed changes in the operation of our laser wind sensor. The theory suggests a transmitter-receiver configuration that can nearly eliminate the performance-degrading effects of strong turbulence. Based on this analysis, we have developed a saturation-resistant optical wind sensor that maintains its calibration and wind-weighting function throughout the observed range of integrated-turbulence values.
Atomic and Electronic Structure of V–Rh(110) Near-Surface Alloy (2013)

Vanadia-promoted Rh catalysts and Rh–V alloys have shown enhanced reactivity in several heterogeneous catalytic processes. However, little is known about the role of electronic and geometrical effects of the alloy phase on the chemical reactivity. In this article, we present experimental study on geometric and electronic structure of near-surface ordered alloys prepared by depositing V on Rh(110) surface and by subsequent annealing. STM, LEED, and XPD measurements were combined to determine the atomic structure. The electronic influence of the subsurface vanadium on the Rh(110) surface was elucidated by means of core-level and angle-resolved valence band photoemission spectroscopy. The influence of the alloying on the interaction with gas molecules was probed by CO adsorption. It was found that annealing at 973 K results in a (2 × 1) surface reconstruction of Rh surface atoms along [1̅10] rows induced by subsurface vanadium. Annealing at higher temperatures induces diffusion of vanadium into deeper layers and formation of a (1 × 2) missing-row reconstruction, which is metastable at the bare Rh surface. Photoemission spectroscopy revealed a rather small shift of the Rh valence band centroid upon alloying, which indicates only a small influence of the electronic effect on the reactivity. On the other hand, the (1 × 2) missing-row reconstruction brings about new adsorption sites and low-coordinated Rh atoms which are expected to significantly contribute to the enhanced reactivity of the Rh–V alloy.
Simultaneous stimulated Brillouin and Raman scattering in gases (1966)

Summary form only, as given. An experimental study of stimulated Raman scattering in H2 has been conducted with the purpose of determining the lifetime of the molecular vibration. The stimulated Raman scattering of an intense laser pulse produces a substantial increase of the population of the first vibrational excited state. This population then relaxes to its thermal equilibrium value with a characteristic time determined by molecular collisions. By studying the time dependence of spontaneous anti-Stokes Raman scattering from the excited medium we have been able to observe this population decay.
Isolation and Characterization of Heparin from Human Mastocytoma Tissue (1980)

Polysaccharide was isolated from human spleen mastocytoma by proteolytic digestion, precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride, digestion with chondroitinase ABC, and ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The final product (0.7 mg per g of starting material, MW 8000) behaved like standard heparin on ion-exchange chromatography and on electrophoresis, and contained D-glucuronic acid, L-iduronic acid, D-glucosamine and sulfate in the proportions expected for heparin. Affinity chromatography on antithrombin-Sepharose separated a distinct high-affinity fraction (4-5% of the total material). Structural analysis of this fraction showed that about 10% of the D-glucosamine residues were N-acetylated, the remainder N-sulfated. The anticoagulant activity of the isolated heparin was 71 B.P. units per mg (whole-blood system), or 30 units per mg (anti-thrombin and chromogenic substrate). 205 and 10-15 units per mg (chromogenic assay) were found for high and low affinity fractions, respectively. These results demonstrate conclusively the occurrence of heparin in a human tissue.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Synthesis of (+)‐Discodermolide and Analogues: Fragment Union by Complex Aldol Reactions. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Map-based cloning of Ps1, a gene for pollen abortion in rice. (2003)

Vos P, Hogers R, Bleeker M, Reijans M, van de Lee T, Hornes M, Fritjers A, Pot J, Peleman J, Kulper M, Zabeau M. 1995. AFLP: a new technique for DNA fingerprinting. Nucl. Acids Res. 3:4407-4414. Wu Yuliang, He Zuhua, Dong Jixin, Li Debao, Lin Hongxuan, Zhuang Jieyun, Lu Jun, Zheng Kangle. 1998. The RFLP of tagging of eui gene in rice. Chin. J. Rice Sci. 12(2):119-120. (In Chinese.) Yang RC, Yang SL, Huang RH, Zang QP. 1999. A new gene for elongated uppermost internode. Rice Genet. Newsl. 16:4143. Notes
Development of overhead equipment for British Railways 50Hz a.c. electrification since 1960 (1971)

An account is given of the development of overhead equipment for use on British Railways electrification schemes during the period 1960–1970. These developments have led to equipment having improved dynamic performance and lower cost. Concurrently, the efficiency of installation has been increased. Economies have followed the disappearance of steam locomotives, allowing the use of less expensive materials for metal fittings and insulators. Other improvements have arisen from steady development and the application of new techniques. Dynamic performance has been improved by the use of sagged simple-catenary equipment, damping of the pantographs and optimisation of span profiles, dropper spacings etc. Cadmium-copper conductors have in nearly all cases, been replaced by hard-drawn copper or by steel-reinforced aluminium. Supporting structures have been simplified, and sometimes replaced by headspans, and tensioning and anchoring arrangements have been improved. Resin-bonded glass-fibre arms combining the functions of spring support and insulator have been used to improve tunnel equipment, and many other improved insulators using glass fibre and other materials have been developed. By careful attention to detail, the multiplicity of individual components has been reduced to a much smaller number of interchangeable components. Bonding techniques have been improved, and bonding has been simplified. Economics have been achieved by detailed planning and co-ordination of constuction and operating activities.
干拓地土壤に関する研究 (第13報)電気伝導度法による土壤塩分の測定法とその意義について (1958)

福田干拓地土壌及び塩害地の水田土壌を供試して,含塩度の判定法としての電気伝導度の測定法及びその意義につき研究した.伝導度測定用の土壌浸出液を調製するには,先づ風乾細土に飽水状態に達する迄水を加えて攪拌,捏和し,20-24時間放置した.次にブフナー漏斗を用いて濾過し,この飽和浸出液を用いて伝導度を測定した.又湛水下の水田土壌についての迅速測定には,新鮮土を直接供試して飽和浸出液を調製できることを知つた.塩化物と硫酸塩の含量を異にする福田干拓地土壌の飽和浸出液の伝導度をmillimhos/cm単位で示した値(mhos×103)と1:5浸出液についての化学分析成績を比較した結果,両測定値の間には有意な関係のあること,及び本試料においてはむしろ伝導度の方が土壌の含塩度と植生の関係を考察する上に合理的であることを認めた.飽和浸出液の伝導度は1:5浸出液の夫に此べて5～11倍を示し,且つ飽和容水量はHILGARD法の最大容水量に近似することを知つた.塩害地水田土壌150点につき,伝導度及び土壌反応と水稲の反当収量の関係を求めた結果,伝導度と收量及び土壌反応と收量との間に一定の相関々係の成立すること,とくに伝導度と收量との間に密接な関係の存在することを明にした。
Ab initio molecular orbital study of boron, aluminum, gallium .mu.-hydrido-bridged hexahydrides (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAb initio molecular orbital study of boron, aluminum, gallium .mu.-hydrido-bridged hexahydridesCharles W. Bock, Mendel Trachtman, Cindy Murphy, Bob Muschert, and Gilbert J. MainsCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 6, 2339–2344Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100159a041https://doi.org/10.1021/j100159a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
ATRA-Induced Cellular Differentiation and CD38 Expression Inhibits Acquisition of BCR-ABL Mutations for CML Acquired Resistance (2014)

Acquired resistance through genetic mutations is a major obstacle in targeted cancer therapy, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we studied mechanisms of acquired resistance of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) by examining genome-wide gene expression changes in KCL-22 CML cells versus their resistant KCL-22M cells that acquire T315I BCR-ABL mutation following TKI exposure. Although T315I BCR-ABL is sufficient to confer resistance to TKIs in CML cells, surprisingly we found that multiple drug resistance pathways were activated in KCL-22M cells along with reduced expression of a set of myeloid differentiation genes. Forced myeloid differentiation by all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) effectively blocked acquisition of BCR-ABL mutations and resistance to the TKIs imatinib, nilotinib or dasatinib in our previously described in vitro models of acquired TKI resistance. ATRA induced robust expression of CD38, a cell surface marker and cellular NADase. High levels of CD38 reduced intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels and blocked acquired resistance by inhibiting the activity of the NAD+-dependent SIRT1 deacetylase that we have previously shown to promote resistance in CML cells by facilitating error-prone DNA damage repair. Consequently, ATRA treatment decreased DNA damage repair and suppressed acquisition of BCR-ABL mutations. This study sheds novel insight into mechanisms underlying acquired resistance in CML, and suggests potential benefit of combining ATRA with TKIs in treating CML, particularly in advanced phases.
<sup>13</sup>C MAS NMR and Photo-CIDNP Reveal a Pronounced Asymmetry in the Electronic Ground State of the Special Pair of <i>Rhodobacter sphaeroides</i> Reaction Centers (2002)

Reaction centers of wild-type Rhodobacter sphaeroides were selectively (13)C-isotope labeled in bacteriochlorophyll and bacteriopheophytin. (13)C solid-state CP/MAS NMR and photo-CIDNP were used to provide insight into the electronic structure of the primary electron donor and acceptor on the atomic scale. The first 2-dimensional photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (photo-CIDNP) (13)C-(13)C solid-state MAS NMR spectra reveal that negative charging of the two BChl rings of the primary donor is involved in ground-state tuning of the oxidation potential of these cofactors in the protein via local electrostatic interactions. In particular, the (13)C shifts show moderate differences in the electronic structure between the two BChl molecules of the special pair in the electronic ground state, which can be attributed to hydrogen bonding of one of the BChl molecules. The major fraction of the electron spin density is strongly delocalized over the two BChl molecules of the special pair and the photochemically active BPhe. A small fraction of the pi-spin density is distributed over a fourth component, which is assigned to the accessory BChl. Comparison of the photo-CIDNP data with "dark" NMR spectra obtained in ultra high field indicates a rigid special pair environment upon photoreaction and suggests that structural changes of the aromatic macrocycles of the two BChl molecules of the special pair do not significantly contribute to the reorganization energy associated with the charge-transfer process.
Future Urban Mobility Survey: A Next Generation Travel Diary Technology (2013)

The Future Mobility Survey (FMS) is a smartphone based, prompted-recall, technology developed by MIT, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), the University of Coimbra, Portugal and Intellysis, NTU that enables large scale high spatial and temporal resolution data collection for individual travel data collection. This paper gives an overview of this technology and provides a summary of preliminary results of our current field test, Future Mobility Survey 2013. The Future Mobility Survey 2013 is a collaborative project between the Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) and the Land Transport Authority of Singapore (LTA). In this survey, we apply our recent technology (FMS) to collect activity and travel behavior information from a recruited sample of 1000 respondents from Singapore.
A robust video text extraction method for character recognition (2005)

Abstract This paper proposes a method for extracting text portions occurring in video images with high accuracy for reading by OCR. Past studies have produced methods of extracting text in a video image from its background by binarization based on a threshold, utilizing the fact that the intensity of the text is higher than that of the background. One method for determining the threshold is Shio's application of Otsu's method, assuming the distribution of two intensities of the background and characters in local blocks. However, methods based on various intensities of the background such as those of video images have the problem of not yielding a good threshold due to assumptions that are not necessarily valid. In addition, in reality, they cannot extract characters with accuracy sufficient for OCR readability because the intensity around the characters is not necessarily high due to the effects of shadowing, edge elimination, and signal conversion processing. Thus, this paper proposes a method of extracting only the text portions by robustly estimating the intensity distribution of the text portions, initially extracting high‐reliability areas as text portions, and extending the areas based on the estimated distribution. Experimental results show that the proposed method extracts text portions with higher accuracy and better OCR readability than the conventional methods. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 36(9): 87–96, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/scj.10148
Prediction of Power Equipment Failures Based on Chronological Failure Records (2006)

When power utility asset managers are facing the task of resource planning for future deployment, often times, only partial information is available: installation dates and amounts, as well as failure and replacement rates. By combining records on yearly populations of the components, estimation of failure model parameters may be possible. Parametric models may then be used for forecasting of the system's short term future failure rates and for formulation of replacement strategies. We employ the Weibull distribution and show how we estimate its parameters from past failure data. With the obtained estimates, we forecast future failures and keep on improving the estimates as new data become available
Reliable and efficient generator systems for offshore wind farms with DC farm grid and DC cable connection to the shore (2001)

Modified arytenoid muscle EMG recording method was considered to be safe, feasible and reliable. The latency of right vagus EMG signals were shorter than the left ones, and the amplitude of EMG signals might be related to different sides.
Cupric oxide nanowires on three-dimensional copper foam for application in click reaction (2017)

CuO nanowires can be synthesized by facile thermal oxidation of 3D Cu foam in air, which were found to be effective heterogeneous catalysts for the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions without using any additional support and bases.
Nonhuman Primates and other Animal Models in Diabetes Research (2012)

Animal models are important for determining the pathogenesis of and potential treatments for obesity and diabetes. Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are particularly useful for studying these disorders. As in humans, type 2 diabetes mellitus is the most common form of diabetes in NHPs and occurs more often in older obese animals, with a metabolic progression from insulin resistance (IR) and impaired glucose tolerance to overt diabetes. Histopathologic changes in pancreatic islets are also similar to those seen in humans with diabetes. Initially, there is islet hyperplasia with abundant insulin production to compensate for IR, followed by insufficient insulin production with replacement of islets with islet-associated amyloid. Diabetic NHPs also have adverse changes in plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations, biomarkers of obesity, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and protein glycation that contribute to the numerous complications of the disease. Furthermore, sex hormones, pregnancy, and environmental factors (e.g., diet and stress) affect IR and can also contribute to diabetes progression in NHPs. Additionally, due to their similar clinical and pathologic characteristics, NHPs have been used in many pharmacological studies to assess new therapeutic agents. For these reasons, NHPs are particularly valuable animal models of obesity and diabetes for studying disease pathogenesis, risk factors, comorbidities, and therapeutic interventions.
ChemInform Abstract: Diels‐Alder Reactions of Trichlorophosphaethene. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Total Synthesis of Natural (−)- and <i>e</i><i>nt</i>-(+)-4-Desacetoxy-6,7-dihydrovindorosine and Natural and <i>e</i><i>nt</i>-Minovine:  Oxadiazole Tandem Intramolecular Diels−Alder/1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction (2005)

Efficient and unusually concise total syntheses of both enantiomers of the Aspidosperma alkaloids 4-desacetoxy-6,7-dihydrovindorosine (12) and minovine (1) are detailed. A tandem intramolecular Diels-Alder/1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of the 1,3,4-oxadiazole 8, in which three new rings, four new C-C bonds, and five stereocenters are formed, is a key step in the sequence. The availability of optically active material permitted an assessment of the enantiomeric integrity of minovine and the source of its reported unusual optical rotation. [Reaction: see text]
DISSOLVED FREE AMINO ACIDS IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA COASTAL WATER1 (1972)

The dissolved free amino acids (DFAA) in seawater samples from an inshore area near a large submarine sewage outfall and from an inshore area relatively remote from any major outfall were compared. At both sites, surface waters contained DFAA levels of about 115 µ g/liter (ca. 1 µ mole/liter), about twice the value found in surface samples from other parts of the world. Bottom waters contained more DFAA than surface waters at both sites, with significantly more (290 µ g or ca. 2.4 µ moles/liter) near an outfall than away from one (170 µ g or ca. 1.6 µ moles/liter). Interstitial waters near the outfall contained about 350 µ g or ca. 3.0 µ moles DFAA/liter. The composition of the DFAA in all samples was similar to that obtained by other workers elsewhere.
Cardiotrophin-1 stimulates lipolysis through the regulation of main adipose tissue lipases (2014)

Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) is a cytokine with antiobesity properties and with a role in lipid metabolism regulation and adipose tissue function. The aim of this study was to analyze the molecular mechanisms involved in the lipolytic actions of CT-1 in adipocytes. Recombinant CT-1 (rCT-1) effects on the main proteins and signaling pathways involved in the regulation of lipolysis were evaluated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in mice. rCT-1 treatment stimulated basal glycerol release in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. rCT-1 (20 ng/ml for 24 h) raised cAMP levels, and in parallel increased protein kinase (PK)A-mediated phosphorylation of perilipin and hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) at Ser660. siRNA knock-down of HSL or PKA, as well as pretreatment with the PKA inhibitor H89, blunted the CT-1-induced lipolysis, suggesting that the lipolytic action of CT-1 in adipocytes is mainly mediated by activation of HSL through the PKA pathway. In ob/ob mice, acute rCT-1 treatment also promoted PKA-mediated phosphorylation of perilipin and HSL at Ser660 and Ser563, and increased adipose triglyceride lipase (desnutrin) content in adipose tissue. These results showed that the ability of CT-1 to regulate the activity of the main lipases underlies the lipolytic action of this cytokine in vitro and in vivo, and could contribute to CT-1 antiobesity effects.