gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strontium‐Substituted Calcium Deficient Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Properties (2012)

Strontium‐substituted apatites have provoked increased interest in recent years for their beneficial effects on osteoporotic bone treatment and replacement. In this study, rod‐ and acicular‐shaped, strontium‐substituted calcium deficient hydroxyapatite ( CDHA ) nanoparticles with ( Ca + Sr )/ P ratio of 1.61 were synthesized via accelerated microwave processing. The X ‐ray powder diffraction analysis indicates the synthesized nanoparticles as apatite phase with diffraction patterns similar to those of hydroxyapatite. The hydrodynamic diameter of the particles were observed to be ~200–500 nm and found to increase with strontium substitution along with an increase in the negative zeta potential by dynamic light scattering method, suggesting the particles to be agglomerates in water. The morphology of the nanoparticles was studied using transmission electron microscopy ( TEM ), where, pure CDHA showed globular and strontium substituted CDHAs showed rod and acicular shape for 5% and 10% Sr substitution, respectively. The average size of the particles in TEM was measured to be 33 nm × 5 nm, 40 nm × 6 nm, and 55 nm × 8 nm (L × W) for pure and strontium‐substituted CDHAs , respectively. Inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy further confirm the substitution of strontium and deficiency of calcium in the synthesized nanoparticles. Thermal stability and in vitro solubility of CDHA nanoparticles were observed to increase with strontium substitution. The MTT [3‐(4, 5‐Dimethylthiazole‐2‐yl)‐2, 5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay indicate that the substituted nanoparticles are non‐toxic to human periodontal ligament fibroblast ( HPDLF ) cells. Cell uptake study by fluorescence microscopy using rhodamine‐123 and actin/ DAPI stained HPDLF cells show cellular localization of the nCDHA , nSr5CDHA , nSr10CDHA nanoparticles without any adverse effects. The strontium‐substituted CDHAs showed significant antimicrobial activity against E scherichia coli and S taphylococcus aureus bacteria by colony count method. The 10% Sr substituted CDHA show the maximum microbial reduction of around 56% for E . coli and 35% for S . aureus with 1 × 10 5 cells/mL of respective bacterial culture.
Investigation of Accelerometry, Mechanomyography, and Nasal Airflow Signals for Abnormal Swallow Detection (2009)

Dysphagia (swallowing disorder) is a common health problem that degrades the quality of life of many people. The videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) is the current gold standard in dysphagia assessment but is associated with high cost, long wait times, and a lack of portability. As a result, there is a pining need for an alternative technique that can serve day-to-day monitoring of dysphagia as well as screening for VFSS referral. The primary objective of this thesis was to investigate three non-invasive signal modalities, namely dual-axis accelerometry, submental mechanomyography (MMG), and nasal airflow, for their potential as alternatives to VFSS. To this end, signals were acquired from 17 healthy individuals and 24 patients with dysphagia, with various stimuli. In a characterization study, the anterior-posterior (A-P) and superior-inferior (S-I) axes in dual-axis accelerometry were found to contain non-overlapping information about swallowing, justifying the extension of single-axis (A-P only) to dual-axis (A-P and S-I) accelerometry. Also, several dual-axis accelerometry signal features were found to be stimulus dependent, and the observed stimulus effects were linked to slower swallowing function with increasing bolus viscosity. Age and stimulus effects on submental MMG were scrutinized, as an analogy to previous electromyography (EMG) studies of similar design. Similarities to EMG confirmed the validity of MMG as a muscle activity measurement tool in swallowing research. Automatic swallow segmentation, which is a crucial precursory step to swallow diagnosis, was investigated with artificial neural networks. Segmentation performance was shown to improve as more signal modalities were included, verifying the value of multi-sensor fusion. When all signal modalities were utilized, an adjusted accuracy of 89.6% was achieved. Automatic discrimination between healthy and abnormal swallows was investigated in two studies. Using previously collected pediatric data, a radial basis classifier based only on A-P accelerometry resulted in an adjusted accuracy of 81.3% in aspiration detection. In an adult study, linear discriminant classifiers resulted in adjusted accuracies of 74.7%, 83.7%, and 84.2% for aspiration, valleculae residue, and pyriform sinus residue detection, respectively. It was concluded that the three signal modalities analyzed in this thesis possess promising potential for abnormal swallow detection.
Effects of retinal image stabilization in acquired nystagmus due to neurologic disease (1988)

We studied the effects of variable amounts of artificial retinal image stabilization (RIS) upon oscillopsia and visual acuity in eight patients with acquired nystagmus due to neurologic disease. We measured horizontal and vertical eye movements with the magnetic search coil technique and used these electronic signals to control the position of a visual stimulus on a screen in front of the patient. We also used an optical device to stabilize images of the real world upon the retina. During electronic stabilization, RIS was progressively increased until oscillopsia was abolished; this was achieved in all eight patients and corresponded to retinal image drift of 5 degrees/sec or less. In five patients with downbeat nystagmus, further increases in RIS caused the oscillopsia to reappear, but in the opposite direction. Electronic stabilization also improved visual acuity in four of five patients; the limitation of improvement could be related to coexistent visual system defects. Using electronic feedback, we could measure the range of RIS that any individual required to abolish oscillopsia; from this measurement, the components of the optical device that were best suited to provide a stable field of vision could be calculated.
Succinic and lactic acids as plant growth promoting compounds produced by rhizospheric <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> (1993)

In greenhouse trials, root growth of Asparagus officinalis L. increased up to 30% when roots of 3-week-old seedlings were dipped in the culture filtrate of Pseudomonas putida RSA9, a strain isolated from rhizosphere soil of asparagus and antagonistic to the crown rot pathogen Fusarium moniliforme. The culture filtrate was extracted with ethyl acetate at pH 3, and the extracts were fractionated on a column of octadesylsilica gel. The active fraction was found to be a 45:55 mixture of succinic and lactic acids. Root mass increased 40% when the roots of the seedlings were treated with a 1:1 mixture of the acids at 10 ppm. The results provide an explanation for the plant growth promoting effects of some rhizobacteria; the bacteria may secrete organic acids, such as succinic and lactic acids, and these acids may increase plant growth under conditions in which the populations of pathogens are reduced.Key words: succinic acid, lactic acid, Pseudomonas putida, plant growth promotion, rhizobacteria, PGPR.
The effectiveness of a take-back policy to avoid the non-optimal exclusion of remanufacturing (2006)

As opposed to recycling, remanufacturing keeps as much value added as possible in
a discarded product, and avoids much of the pollution caused by manufacturing a new good.
However, remanufacturing is hampered by technological barriers caused by original
equipment manufacturers (OEMs). Hence, incentives for OEMs to internalize all the effects of
their technological choices on remanufacturing should be created, such as a take-back policy,
that is, making OEMs responsible for the disposal of their products after consumers discard
them. If made responsible for product disposal, OEMs with market power exclude
remanufactures from the market only when it is socially optimal, but they never remanufacture
in optimal amounts.
Enhanced Nasal Mucosal Delivery and Immunogenicity of Anti-Caries DNA Vaccine through Incorporation of Anionic Liposomes in Chitosan/DNA Complexes (2013)

The design of optimized nanoparticles offers a promising strategy to enable DNA vaccines to cross various physiological barriers for eliciting a specific and protective mucosal immunity via intranasal administration. Here, we reported a new designed nanoparticle system through incorporating anionic liposomes (AL) into chitosan/DNA (CS/DNA) complexes. With enhanced cellular uptake, the constructed AL/CS/DNA nanoparticles can deliver the anti-caries DNA vaccine pGJA-P/VAX into nasal mucosa. TEM results showed the AL/CS/DNA had a spherical structure. High DNA loading ability and effective DNA protection against nuclease were proved by gel electrophoresis. The surface charge of the AL/CS/DNA depended strongly on pH environment, enabling the intracellular release of loaded DNA via a pH-mediated manner. In comparison to the traditional CS/DNA system, our new design rendered a higher transfection efficiency and longer residence time of the AL/CS/DNA at nasal mucosal surface. These outstanding features enable the AL/CS/DNA to induce a significantly (p<0.01) higher level of secretory IgA (SIgA) than the CS/DNA in animal study, and a longer-term mucosal immunity. On the other hand, the AL/CS/DNA exhibited minimal cytotoxicity. These results suggest that the developed nanoparticles offer a potential platform for DNA vaccine packaging and delivery for more efficient elicitation of mucosal immunity.
THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF MITRAL REGURGITATION (1964)

The surgical treatment of mitral valve disease is now more than a quarter of a century old, and valvotomy for mitral stenosis has taken its place as one of the most valuable operations in the whole of surgery. The same cannot be said for the surgical treatment of mitral regurgitation: indeed, because of the complexity of the anatomy of the attachments of the mitral valve, it is unlikely that it ever will be. Nevertheless, because mitral regurgitation may be lethal many different operations have been devised during the past few years in an attempt to alleviate the condition.
Fading Correlation Analysis in MIMO-OFDM Troposcatter Communications: Space, Frequency, Angle and Space-Frequency Diversity (2014)

The capacity gain of MIMO systems significantly depends on the fading correlation between antennas, and there is no analytical study which considers the fading correlation in the troposcatter communications. In this paper, we develop an analytical model, ring scatter model (RSM), to derive the fading correlation in the troposcatter systems as a function of spatial, frequency and angular separations for the first time in the literature. In addition, we compare the effects of the diversity techniques that are suitable for troposcatter communications: space, frequency, angle and space-frequency diversity techniques by deriving the distribution of their achievable data rates with transmit beam-forming. To this end, we extend our previously introduced troposcatter channel model [1] for the implementation of MIMO-OFDM and the diversity techniques.
SUMO-1 Modification Regulates the DNA Binding Activity of Heat Shock Transcription Factor 2, a Promyelocytic Leukemia Nuclear Body Associated Transcription Factor (2001)

Heat shock transcription factor 2 (HSF2) is a transcription factor that regulates heat shock protein gene expression, but the mechanisms regulating the function of this factor are unclear. Here we report that HSF2 is a substrate for modification by the ubiquitin-related protein SUMO-1 and that HSF2 colocalizes in cells with SUMO-1 in nuclear granules. Staining with anti-promyelocytic leukemia antibodies indicates that these HSF2-containing nuclear granules are PML bodies. Our results identify lysine 82 as the major site of SUMO-1 modification in HSF2, which is located in a "wing" within the DNA-binding domain of this protein. Interestingly, SUMO-1 modification of HSF2 results in conversion of this factor to the active DNA binding form. This is the first demonstration that SUMO-1 modification can directly alter the DNA binding ability of a transcription factor and reveals a new mechanism by which SUMO-1 modification can regulate protein function.
A Novel Synthesis of β-Hydroxyvaline (1971)

The synthesis of β-hydroxyvaline from ethyl β,β-dimethylacrylate through 1,2-di(ethoxycarbonyl)-3,3-dimethylaziridine as intermediate shows a new way of preparation of this amino acid.
Matrix Supported Liquid Culture and Machine Vision Analysis of Regenerated Shoots of Gladiolus (2009)

Enhancement of efficiency and efficacy of plant regeneration are primary goals of micropropagation. An efficient method with rapid and improved shoot regeneration of gladiolus based upon matrix supported liquid culture technique has been demonstrated. This technique in addition ensured the quality of the regenerated shoots by effectively alleviating the phenomenon of hyperhydricity. Efficacy in plant regeneration can be brought about by the ability to sort and objectively select plants or group of plants with a desired feature. A reliable, noninvasive, machine vision-neural network based sorting method for clustering photometric variants of regenerated shoots of gladiolus has also been described.
Phosphorus removal by hydrotalcite-like compounds (HTLcs) (1996)

Hydrotalcite-like compounds (HTLCs), which are also called anionic clay minerals or Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs), can be formulated by M(II)1−xM(III)X(OH)2(An−)X/nyH2O. This chemical, which has anoin exchange capacity, could be an alternative chemical for phosphorus removal. The phosphate uptake by HTLcs containing C1− as the interlayer anion was found to be 2.35-2.83 meq of P/g. The most serious obstacle anion against phosphate uptake was bicarbonate because the selectivity of carbonate by LDH is the highest. To investigate the possibility of LDH's recycle employing the “Memory effect”, calcined LDH (CLDH) was repeatedly used for 6 times. From the fifth time, the final phosphate uptake capacity decreased. The consecutive reconstruction mechanism of CLDH is not yet known but it is certain that the possibility of LDH's recycle is promising.
RNA therapeutics: RNAi and antisense mechanisms and clinical applications (2016)

RNA therapeutics refers to the use of oligonucleotides to target primarily ribonucleic acids (RNA) for therapeutic efforts or in research studies to elucidate functions of genes. Oligonucleotides are distinct from other pharmacological modalities, such as small molecules and antibodies that target mainly proteins, due to their mechanisms of action and chemical properties. Nucleic acids come in two forms: deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) and ribonucleic acids (RNA). Although DNA is more stable, RNA offers more structural variety ranging from messenger RNA (mRNA) that codes for protein to non-coding RNAs, microRNA (miRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). As our understanding of the wide variety of RNAs deepens, researchers have sought to target RNA since >80% of the genome is estimated to be transcribed. These transcripts include non-coding RNAs such as miRNAs and siRNAs that function in gene regulation by playing key roles in the transfer of genetic information from DNA to protein, the final product of the central dogma in biology<sup>1</sup>. Currently there are two main approaches used to target RNA: double stranded RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) and antisense oligonucleotides (ASO). Both approaches are currently in clinical trials for targeting of RNAs involved in various diseases, such as cancer and neurodegeneration. In fact, ASOs targeting spinal muscular atrophy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have shown positive results in clinical trials<sup>2</sup>. Advantages of ASOs include higher affinity due to the development of chemical modifications that increase affinity, selectivity while decreasing toxicity due to off-target effects. This review will highlight the major therapeutic approaches of RNA medicine currently being applied with a focus on RNAi and ASOs.
Hypoglycemia Associated with Antibodies to the Insulin Receptor (1982)

Antibodies to the insulin receptor are insulinomimetic in vitro, although they generally induce insulin resistance in vivo. We report the novel case of a patient who presented with fasting hypoglycemia as the sole manifestation of autoantibodies to the insulin receptor. Prednisone therapy (120 mg per day) produced a rise in fasting glucose to more than 100 mg per deciliter (6 mmol per liter) within 48 hours, although there was no detectable change in the titer of antireceptor antibodies. After 10 weeks of therapy, the titer of antireceptor antibodies had fallen approximately 100-fold, and prednisone could be discontinued without recurrence of hypoglycemia. This case demonstrates that antireceptor antibodies must be considered in the differential diagnosis of hypoglycemia, especially in patients with other manifestations of autoimmunity.
Runtime software architecture based software online evolution (2004)

Runtime environment of software are becoming more and more dynamic and changeful, while pervasive computing and Web services further this situation. Software systems are not only becoming larger, more complex, and also more rigid, which make it difficult to evolve software. This paper focuses on online evolution, more exactly, how to make online evolution process convenient and smart, with help of runtime software architecture (RSA). Following issues are discussed in this paper: types of software environment changes, the incarnation of RSA, retrieval and manipulation of RSA, the relation between RSA and the runtime system, and a visual tool to show RSA, and make evolution process more easy and intuitionist.
Combination of Amphotericin B and Terbinafine against Melanized Fungi Associated with Chromoblastomycosis (2018)

Our <i>in vitro</i> studies showed that a combination of amphotericin B and terbinafine had synergistic effects against the majority of melanized fungi associated with chromoblastomycosis (CBM) and similar infections, including those with <i>Cladophialophora carrionii</i>, <i>Cladophialophora arxii</i>, <i>Exophiala</i><i>dermatitidis</i>, <i>Exophiala</i><i>spinifera</i>, <i>Fonsecaea monophora</i>, <i>Fonsecaea nubica</i>, <i>Fonsecaea pedrosoi</i>, and <i>Phialophora verrucosa.</i> This drug combination could provide an option for the treatment of severe or unresponsive cases of CBM, particularly in cases due to species of <i>Fonsecaea</i> and <i>Cladophialophora</i>.
Immunohistochemical Investigation of the Human Inner Ear: Limitations and Prospects (1988)

The application of highly sensitive and specific immunohistochemical methods in routine light microscopy has been rewarded by a great many new observations. The essential underlying antigen-antibody reaction has allowed the recognition and identification of some unknown or unidentified components of the cell. Successful results are best achieved by means of reliable fixation and the use of frozen sections. Frozen sections of the human cochlea are, however, impaired by unavoidable damage to the tissues to be studied. The temporal bone has to be decalcified, resulting in a reduction of the range of suitable methods and an interference with a reliable interpretation of the results. The preservation of the specific antigenicity of the tissues is of paramount importance, allowing the detection of the investigated antigen by the antibody applied. The investigation of different fixatives and various methods of decalcification in tissues possessing some familiar and readily identifiable antigens has confirmed the immunohistochemical suitability of properly fixed and adequately decalcified human temporal bones. The present demonstration deals with some of the principal technical procedures and includes examples of their application for the study of the human inner ear. The goal of our research is the development of reliable immunohistochemical methods of fixation and decalcification to be employed in the study of specimens from patients with Ménière's disease, sudden deafness, progressive loss of hearing, genetic sensorineural syndromes, etc. This will lead to the extension of our knowledge of some unrecognized causes of sensorineural hearing loss.
Effect of High and Low Ultrafiltration Volume during Hemodialysis on Relative Blood Volume (2006)

Achieving an optimal post-hemodialysis hydration status may be difficult because objective criteria for dry weight are lacking. Both relative blood volume changes (DeltaRBV) at the end of hemodialysis and DeltaRBV normalized for ultrafiltration volume (DeltaRBV/UF ratio) have been reported to indicate post-hemodialysis volume status. A parameter for volume status should not be influenced by variations in ultrafiltration volume. However, if the volume that has to be ultrafiltrated to reach dry weight varies as a result of variations in pre-hemodialysis weight, either DeltaRBV or the DeltaRBV/UF ratio (or both) must change. To elucidate the relation between intradialytic ultrafiltration volume versus DeltaRBV and its derivative, the DeltaRBV/UF ratio, we studied the effect of a relatively high (mean+/- SD, 2.7+/- 0.5 l) and low (1.5+/- 0.3 l) intradialytic ultrafiltration volume on these parameters in eight patients. Post-hemodialysis weight was comparable in low and high ultrafiltration volume sessions. The average end-hemodialysis DeltaRBV did not differ between high (-6.7+/- 2.5%) and low ultrafiltration volume sessions (-7.3+/- 1.0%; NS), but the intraindividual variation was considerable. The DeltaRBV/UF ratio differed markedly (p<0.001) between high (-2.4+/- 0.8 %/l) and low (-4.9+/- 1.3 %/l) ultrafiltration volume sessions. In conclusion, the considerable random intraindividual variation of DeltaRBV and the systematic change of the DeltaRBV/UF ratio with variations in intradialytic ultrafiltration volume limit the use of these parameters as an aid to assess hydration status in hemodialysis patients.
SOME EXPERIMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF LOW-ALLOY STEEL BY POWDER METALLURGY (1962)

The properties of alloy steels produced by powder-metallurgy techniques, as compared with those of conventional cast or wrought alloy steels, are reviewed. Factors affecting the production of alloy steels by powder-metallurgy techniques are enumerated, and the importance of adequate mechanical properties coupled with ease of processing is emphasized. The paper covers the preparation and testing of a wide range of low-alloy steels including copper steels, nickel steels, and complex steels; these being made up either from elemental powders or from pre-alloyed or complex powders. The influence of various alloying elements upon the mechanical properties of the steels produced is indicated, and the merits of the various compositions investigated, are discussed.The response of powder-metallurgy alloy steels to quenching is next determined, and the effects of the elements carbon, manganese, nickel, copper, and molybdenum upon the hardcnability of alloy steels is summarized in the form of depth-hardening curves. The use of precipitation-hardening as a means of improving the properties of low-alloy steels is also investigated for a wide range of copper-containing steels. It is demonstrated that by employing this technique it is possible to obtain very significant improvements in properties, together with some processing advantages.