gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lentiviruses inefficiently incorporate human parainfluenza type 3 envelope proteins (2007)

We have previously shown that the envelope glycoproteins of human parainfluenza type 3 (HPIV3), F and HN, are able to pseudotype lentiviruses, but the titers of these viruses are too low for use in clinical gene transfer. In this study we investigated the cause of these low titers. We compared the mRNA and protein expression levels of HN and F in transfected cells and in cells infected with wild-type HPIV3. Transfected cells contained similar levels of HN and F cytosolic mRNA, but fewer cell-surface HN and F proteins (3.8- and 1.3-fold less, respectively), than cells infected with wild-type HPIV3. To increase expression of HN in transfected cells, we codon-optimized HN and used it to transfect lentivirus producer cells. Cell surface expression of HN, as well as the amount of HN incorporated into virus particles, increased two- to threefold. Virus titers increased 1.2- to 6.4-fold, and the transduction efficiency of polarized MDCK cells via their apical surfaces increased 1.4-fold. Interestingly, even though codon optimization improved the expression levels of HN and virus titers, we found that HPIV3 pseudotyped viruses contained about 14-fold fewer envelope proteins than lentiviruses pseudotyped with the amphotropic envelope protein. Taken together, our findings suggest that titers are low, not because virus producer cells express levels of HPIV3 envelope proteins that are too low, but because too few of these proteins are incorporated by the lentiviruses for them to be able to efficiently transduce cells.
Analysis of interaction partners of H4 histone by a new proteomics approach (2009)

We describe a modification of the tandem affinity purification method for purification and analysis of multiprotein complexes, termed here DEF-TAP (for differential elution fractionation after tandem affinity purification). Its essential new feature is the use for last purification step of 6xHis-Ni(++) interaction, which is resistant to a variety of harsh washing conditions, including high ionic strength and the presence of organic solvents. This allows us to use various fractionation schemes before the protease digestion, which is expected to improve the coverage of the analyzed protein mixture and also to provide an additional insight into the structure of the purified macromolecular complex and the nature of protein-protein interactions involved. We illustrate our new approach by analysis of soluble nuclear complexes containing histone H4 purified from HeLa cells. In particular, we observed different fractionation patterns of HAT1 and RbAp46 proteins as compared with RbAp48 protein, all identified as interaction partners of H4 histone. In addition, we report all components of the licensing MCM2-7 complex and the apoptosis-related DAXX protein among the interaction partners of the soluble H4. Finally, we show that HAT1 requires N-terminal tail of H4 for its stable association with this histone.
Evaluation of the Fuel Economy Potential of the Low-Heat-Rejection Diesel Engine for Passenger-Car Application (1987)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Elimination of the conventional cooling system of a diesel engine and the incorporation of structural ceramics for the combustion chamber continues to receive attention worldwide. Application of this concept for a light-duty diesel engine installed in an intermediate-size passenger car is analyzed by computer simulation. The fuel economy of a water-cooled turbocharged DI diesel engine installed in a vehicle is compared to the fuel economy of low-heat-rejection (LHR) turbocharged and turbocompounded DI diesel engines. Appropriate consideration is given for the differences in loading imposed by the vehicle with displacement scaled for equal vehicle acceleration performance. On a combined EPA fuel economy basis, the LHR turbocharged engine is estimated to give 6% better fuel economy and the LHR turbocompounded engine is estimated to give 13% better fuel economy in the LHR vehicle in comparison to the water-cooled turbocharged engine in the baseline vehicle. Given consideration of emissions, driveability, and realistic power turbine efficiencies, achievable fuel-economy gains are expected to be somewhat less.</div>
Ion beam modification of materials : proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Ion Beam Modification of Materials, Knoxville, TN, USA, 9-14 September 1990 (1991)

A selection. Sections: 1. Theory and Fundamentals. Range parameters of heavy ions implanted into boron films (M. Behar et al.). Loss of material from liquid metal collector surfaces during sputter deposition of gold (M.R. Weller et al.). 2. Experimental Techniques. Application of luminous ion beams in direct ion optical characteristics measurements (S.F. Belykh et al.). Experimental investigations of helium ion implantation in the first wall of JET (J. Zhu et al.). 3. Ion-enhanced Deposition. Ion bombardment during thin film deposition and its influence on mechanical and chemical surface properties (G.K. Wolf, W. Ensinger). Rf-sputter deposition of boron nitride thin films (S. Kikkawa et al.). 4. Beam-induced Crystallization and Amorphization. Structural relaxation in amorphous silicon and the role of network defects (S. Roorda et al.). Correlation between the elastic shear instability mechanism and empirical criteria for irradiation induced amorphization (J. Koike et al.). 5. Ion Beam Mixing. Ion-mixing-induced fractal growth in thin alloy films (B.X. Liu). High resolution microscopy study of niobium-sapphire interfaces modified by ion beam mixing (L. Romana et al.). 6. High Energy and High Dose Implantation. MeV-ion-induced damage in Si and its annealing (M. Tamura et al.). Mutation breeding by ion implantation (Z. Yu et al.). 7. Metals and Tribology. Interactions of energetic particles and clusters with solids (R.S. Averback et al.). Microstructural changes induced in Zr3A1 and U3Si during irradiation of the crystalline state (R.C. Birtcher, L.M. Wang). 8. Semiconductors. Ion implantation doping and isolation of III-V semiconductors (S.J. Pearton). Evaluation of electrical properties of vanadium silicide silicon Schottky diodes formed by ion implantaiton (V.P. Salvi et al.). 9. Insulators, Ceramics, and Polymers. A comparison between ion implantation into sapphire and polycrystalline alumina (N. Moncoffre). Formation of transition metal carbide thin films by dual ion beam deposition at room temperature (Z. Min et al.). 10. Diamond and Carbides. The chemical state of iron ions implanted into silicon carbide (C.J. McHargue et al.). Electrical conductivity and Raman spectra of C+-ion implanted diamond depending on the target temperature (S. Sato et al.). 11. High Temperature Superconductors. The influence of rapid thermal annealing on oxygen implant profiles in copper (L. Clapham et al.). Superconductivity and structure of ion-irradiated high-temperature superconductor thin films (G. Linker et al.). 12. New Directions for Ion Beam Processing. Advanced ion beam processing projects in Japan (I. Yamada).
A New Synthesi of (±)-Chilenamine, an Isoindolobenzazepine Alkaloid (1990)

Chllenamine (11, an isoindolobenzazepine alkaloid, was efficiently synthesized startlng from 6-bromo-2,3dimethoxybenzaldehyde ( 5 ) and 3,4-methylenedioryphenethylamine (6) 'Wdicated to the memory of Professor Tetsuji Kametani.
Comparison of effects of D2O and X-ray irradiation on lipid composition of tissue culture cells (1964)

Abstract
Imidazole‐SDS‐Zn reverse staining of proteins in gels containing or not SDS and microsequence of individual unmodified electroblotted proteins (1992)

A reverse staining procedure is described for the detection of proteins in acrylamide and agarose gels with and without SDS. Protein detection occurs a few minutes after electrophoresis. The sensitivity on acrylamide gels is higher than that of Coomassie blue staining either on acrylamide gels or on electrotransferred membranes. Sequencing of protein bands only detected by reverse staining on the gel and not by Coomassie blue is demonstrated.
Endogenous Incretin Hormone Augmentation of Acute Insulin Secretion in Normoglycemic Relatives of Type 2 Diabetic Subjects: A 10-Year Retrospective Pathophysiological Study (2014)

IHA on acute insulin release is maintained in normoglycemic REL and CON subjects over 10 years. The apparent deterioration in IHA in RELDGT is consistent with a progressive failure of acute β-cell function over 10 years.
Action of Rifamycin Derivatives on RNA Polymerase of Human Leukemic Lymphocytes (1973)

The mechanism of inhibition of human RNA polymerase by four rifamycin derivatives was investigated. Derivative AF/013 (3-formyl rifamycin SV:O-n-octyloxime) with strong hydrophobic side chains prevents the polymerase from binding to DNA and also affects the size of RNA synthesized. Derivative PR/19 (3'-acetyl-1'-benzyl-2'-methylpyrrolo[3,2-c]-4-desoxy-rifamycin SV) only affects RNA synthesis when RNA polymerase has been previously incubated with the drug or when the reaction was performed at high salt concentration [0.14 M (NH(4))(2)-SO(4)]. Our results suggest that these drugs exert their inhibitory actions by binding to the enzyme instead of DNA.
CT angiography and perfusion CT in cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. (2007)

MSCTA/PCT can assess the location and severity of cerebrovascular vasospasm and its related perfusion abnormalities. It can identify severe vasospasm with risk of delayed ischemia and can thus guide the invasive treatment.
Regioselective Heck Coupling Reactions Focus on Green Chemistry (2003)

Carbon-carbon bond formation reactions are among the most important processes in chemistry, as they represent key steps in the synthesis of more complex molecules from simple precursors. This thesis describes mainly the development of novel regioselective applications of the mild and versatile palladium-catalyzed carbon-carbon coupling method, commonly known as the Heck reaction. In addition, this thesis will focus on environmentally friendly developments of the Heck reaction. Novel ligand-controlled internal Heck vinylations of vinyl ethers and enamides to form branched electron-rich dienes were performed with high regioselectivity. The vinylation of 2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ether permits a chemoselective transformation of a vinylic triflate or bromide into a blocked α,β-unsaturated methyl ketone. Furthermore, a simple separation of the palladium catalyst was achieved with new fluorous-tagged bidentate ligands in combination with fluorous solid phase extraction. The reaction times could be reduced up to 1000 times with controlled microwave heating in the palladium-catalyzed reactions with, in the majority of cases, retained, high selectivity. The development of a “green” regioselective arylation and vinylation method relying on an aqueous DMF-potassium carbonate system and excluding the toxic thallium salt has been accomplished. Ionic liquids as the versatile and environmentally friendly class of solvents have been used in rapid phosphine-free terminal Heck arylations with controlled microwave heating. Recycling of the catalytic medium was achieved after a simple product purification.
ChemInform Abstract: SOFT DRUGS. V: THIAZOLIDINE‐TYPE DERIVATIVES OF PROGESTERONE AND TESTOSTERONE (1982)

Abstract (III) als bioreversible Derivate hergestellt.
Perindopril preserves left ventricular function in X-linked Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2007)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), an X-linked disorder due to a lack of dystrophin, is associated with muscle weakness and myocardial dysfunction. DMD children between the ages of 9.5 and 13 years with normal left ventricular ejection fraction were included in this prospective study. They were randomly assigned for 3 years to perindopril 2–4 mg (group 1) or placebo (group 2) in a double-blind protocol, followed by open-label treatment with perindopril for all patients. Left ventricular function was compared between the two groups at 5 years. A total of 28 patients were assigned to group 1 and 29 patients were assigned to group 2. Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. At the end of the 5-year follow-up period, eight patients had an ejection fraction under 45% in the placebo group vs. one patient in the perindopril group (P < 0.02). All patients were alive in the perindopril group and three had died in the placebo group (P = 0.07). Early initiation of treatment with perindopril is associated with a preservation of left ventricular function in DMD children and with a trend towards a lower mortality.
Clinical and histological analysis of acute tacrolimus (TAC) nephrotoxicity in renal allografts. (1999)

The high trough level of the whole blood TAC and the existence of moderate-to-severe arteriosclerosis in allograft arteries have the potential of causing TAC nephrotoxicities. A reduction of TAC dosage may be effective in improving allograft functions.
Anticipation in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder controlling for an information bias (2000)

Anticipation was investigated in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BP) while addressing several biases in 18 large families (154 subjects) from Eastern Québec densely affected by SZ, BP, or both over three generations. In particular, we controlled for an information bias using a measure of quality and quantity of clinical information (QOI) concerning the subjects' illness. Otherwise, spurious anticipation could have arisen because we found that QOI varied with the generations as well as with the severity of illness. Although anticipation was investigated separately for SZ and BP, both disorders were also included in one analysis that tested anticipation under the unitary hypothesis that the SZ and the BP spectrums represent a continuum of severity of the same disease. Age of onset (AOO) and five indices of severity were tested for anticipation. Two statistics were used: the difference in the mean AOO or severity between two successive generations, and the mean difference in parent-offspring pairs (POP). The study led to four main findings: 1) the choice of the statistics greatly influenced the results, POP yielding systematically greater biased estimates; 2) for SZ and BP, the evidence for anticipation with the five severity indices vanished after controlling for QOI; 3) as regards AOO a decrease of 8.6 years, p = 0.0001, and 5.3 years, p = 0.009 in AOO was found for SZ between Generations 1-2, and 2-3, respectively, despite controlling for QOI and addressing all biases; and 4) conversely for BP, anticipation with AOO may be due to censoring. Findings suggest that future anticipation studies should also control for QOI. Am. J. Med. Genet. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet.) 96:61-68, 2000.
Investigation of Factors Influencing the Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Block Copolymers (2005)

The chemoenzymatic synthesis of block copolymers from a bifunctional initiator using enzymatic ring-opening polymerization (eROP) and ATRP in two consecutive steps was investigated. First, a polycaprolactone (PCL) macroinitiator was obtained via an enzymatic ring-opening polymerization initiated by the bifunctional initiator. By carefully managing the water activity in the system, the amount of PCL not initiated by the bifunctional initiator was reduced to <5%. Moreover, comparison of the results from 1H NMR and MALDI-ToF of PCL obtained from different bifunctional initiators revealed an influence of the initiator structure on the initiation behavior in the enzymatic reaction. Block copolymers were obtained in a subsequent ATRP. The combination of various characterization techniques such as GPC, GPEC, and DSC provided clear evidence of the block structure of the polymers.
Thermal Gradient Determination Inside Vaporizing Droplets by Combining Rainbow and Laser Induced Fluorescence Measurements (2006)

This paper describes the setting of two measuring techniques on a rectilinear monosized droplets stream allowing the validation of droplet vaporizing models for internal spatial temperature distribution. Indeed, the vaporizing rate depends strongly on droplet surface temperature and consequently on physical phenomena inside droplets. However, the measurement of temperature in small droplets whose diameter is about 100μm is not easy. To determine the thermal gradient, two experimental techniques have to be coupled: the first must be sensitive to the thermal gradient and the second to the mean temperature. The two chosen experimental techniques, the rainbow refractometry and the Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) in liquid phase, agree with these criteria. Some experiments have been done on ethyl alcohol and acetone droplet streams with different injection temperatures and in vaporizing or burning conditions. Then, the results have been compared to numerical predictions.
Synthesis of the pyranoisoflavonoid, heminitidulan. Isoflavanoid and rotenoid glycosides from the bark of Dalbergia nitidula Welw. ex Bak. (1980)

Synthesis of racemates of the complex pyranoisoflavan, (3S)-heminitidulan, a metabolite from the bark of Dalbergia nitidula, is accomplished. The isoflavone C-glycoside pairs 8-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl- and 6,8-di-C-βglucopyranosyl-genistein and -orobol and the associated rotenoid glycoside (5′R,6aR,12aR)-8′-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-12a-hydroxyamorphigenin comprise the predominant isoflavonoids in the same source. 13C N.m.r. spectra of the glycosides are recorded.
Bioconversion of woody biomass as a renewable source of energy (1982)

The refractory nature of wood to anaerobic decomposition has been attributed to low moisture content, cellulose crystallinity and the association beteen lignin and cellulose. This study investigated the anaerobic biodegradability of woody biomass under conventional high-rate and long-term batch digester conditions. It was demonstrated in batch bioassay experiments that significant conversion of select hardwood species could be accomplished following reduction to a particle size of approximately 1 mm. These conversion efficiencies are substantially higher than values reported from woody biomass and indicate that the biogasification of wood may be technically feasible.
Human Rights: From Practice to Policy (2011)

This volume documents an extended conversation among nearly a dozen distinguished practitioners of human rights and leading scholars of the human rights movement, retrospectively exploring the impact of major human rights organizations on the construction of international human rights norms and standards.
Design of a Robotic Upper Extremity Repetitive Therapy Device (2005)

Intensive repetitive therapy shows promise to improve motor function and quality of life for stroke patients. Intense therapies provided by individualized interaction between the patient and rehabilitation specialist to overcome upper extremity impairment are beneficial, however, they are expensive and difficult to evaluate quantitatively and objectively. The development of a pneumatic muscle (PM) driven therapeutic device, the RUPERT/spl trade/ has the potential of providing a low cost and safe take-home method of supplementing therapy in addition to in the clinic treatment. The device can also provide real-time, objective assessment of functional improvement from the therapy.
Dynamic Bending Stress Analysis of Power Train (2004)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In this paper, the dynamic movement of a driveshaft with imbalance is calculated from the bending stress of a driveshaft at a vehicle test. The synthesis movement is simulated using vertical and horizontal bending models with the centrifugal force induced by the imbalance. Thus, the mechanism that bending stress arises at a driveshaft of a general power train is clarified.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The analysis using the simulation shows the relationship between vertical and horizontal stiffness of a power train and dynamic movement of a driveshaft. As a result, a method to reduce bending stress of a driveshaft is proposed.</div>
Comparison of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement between Self-Expanding versus Balloon-Expandable Valves in Patients with Small Aortic Annulus (2021)

TAVR with self-expanding valves was associated with superior hemodynamic outcomes compared with balloon-expandable valves in patients with small aortic annulus.
Limb Swelling in Patients Who Have Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (1997)

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva is a rare heritable disorder of connective tissue characterized by progressive heterotopic ossification of soft tissues and by congenital malformation of the great toes. Limb swelling has also been noted, yet little is known about this complication of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. To determine the prevalence of limb swelling in this condition, the authors reviewed detailed medical records on 74 patients (25 males, 49 females; age range, 1-49 years) who had a documented history of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. The study population included more than 90% of all patients known to have fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva in the United States. Acute swelling of the limbs occurred in association with flareups of the condition in nearly all cases. Acute swelling in the upper limbs was focal and nodular in contrast to acute swelling in the lower limbs, which was more diffuse. Acute swelling in the upper limbs occurred in all 74 patients whereas acute swelling in the lower limbs occurred in 47 of the 74 patients (64%). Two of the 74 patients who had acute swelling in the lower limbs (4%) had a documented episode of deep vein thrombophlebitis. Chronic swelling in the upper limbs occurred in 9 of the 74 patients (12%) and was not seen before the age of 12 years. Chronic swelling in the lower limbs occurred in 36 of the 74 patients (49%) and was not seen before the age of 9 years. The intense angiogenesis and edema seen on histopathologic evaluation of preosseous fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva lesions may play a role in the pathogenesis of the limb swelling. The data show an age related prevalence of limb swelling in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva and suggest a model for understanding the complex pathways leading to limb swelling in this disorder.
Gmdh-based modeling and feedforward compensation for nonlinear friction in table drive systems (2003)

This paper presents a novel mathematical model-based feedforward compensator design for the nonlinear friction in table drive systems using the Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH). In the proposed approach, the nonlinear friction can be autonomously modeled as a polynomial expression for appropriate control state variables according to the process of GMDH and, as a result, the complicated structural modeling and its parameterization, indispensable to conventional model-based strategies, can be completely eliminated. In addition, since the proposed GMDH-based model can achieve the generalization ability for table drive conditions, the robust compensation for friction can be attained against the change of drive conditions. Experimental verifications using a table drive system of actual machine tools show the significant performance improvement of the proposed algorithm in the trajectory control with velocity reversal motion.