gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ionic Conductivity and Glass Transition of Phosphoric Acids (2013)

Here we report the low-temperature dielectric and viscoelastic properties of phosphoric acids in the range of H2O:P2O5 1.5-5. Both dielectric and viscosity measurements allow us to determine the glass-transition temperatures of phosphoric acids. The obtained glass-transition temperatures are in good agreement with previous differential scanning calorimetric measurements. Moreover, our analysis reveals moderate decoupling of ionic conductivity from structural relaxation in the vicinity of the glass transition.
In-situ Measurement of Grinding Wheel Surface Topography (2nd Report) -Cutting Edges under Various Dressing Conditions- (1999)

The aim of this study is to evaluate the cutting edges on a grinding wheel surface under various dressing conditions. Therefore, the surface topography of the entire periphery of the grinding wheel is measured in three dimensions using a laser stylus unit on the machine table. In the present report, we investigated positions, numbers and profiles of the cutting edges on the grinding wheel from measurement results under various dressing conditions. As a result, it is clear that there are few cutting edges near the outermost periphery ( the depth of 3 μm from the maximum height among the cutting edges ) of the grinding wheel. In particular, the lead in dressing the wheel has influence on the surface topography of the grinding wheel. As the dressing leads decrease, the number and the vertical angles of the cutting edges increase.
Demonstration of the g · b x u = 0 edge dislocation invisibility criterion for electron channelling contrast imaging (2001)

Dislocations with a large edge component do not exhibit a full loss of diffraction contrast in the transmission electron microscope unless the conditions g b = 0 and g b x u = 0 are simultaneously met. Because of a similarity between transmission electron microscopy (TEM) diffraction contrast and electron channelling contrast in the scanning electron microscope, the same contrast rules would be expected to apply for electron channelling contrast imaging (ECCI). Using the characteristic edge dislocations formed in annealed FeAl, it is demonstrated that the same extinction conditions apply for TEM diffraction contrast and ECCI.
Using a state cancer registry to recruit young breast cancer survivors and high-risk relatives: protocol of a randomized trial testing the efficacy of a targeted versus a tailored intervention to increase breast cancer screening (2013)

The study will enhance efforts of the state of Michigan surrounding cancer prevention, control, and public health genomics.
Cationic polymerization of vinyl ether with a benzoate pendant: The formation of long-lived polymers and the identification of side reactions (2000)

The cationic polymerization of 2-[4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenoxy] ethyl vinyl ether, a vinyl ether with a benzoate pendant, was carried out with an HCl/ZnCl2 initiating system in methylene chloride at −15 °C. The polymerization proceeded with living/long-lived propagating species to produce polymers with controlled molecular weights and relatively narrow molecular weight distributions (weight-average molecular weight/number-average molecular weight ≤ ∼1.4), despite the formation of a small amount of oligomeric products during the polymerization. The structural analysis showed that the lowest molecular weight oligomer had the structure CH3CH(OCH2CH2OC6H4COOCH3)OCH2CH2OC6H4COOCH3. The oligomer was formed by the reaction of the monomeric propagating species with the alcohol produced by the side reaction of the active species with water as an impurity during the early stage of polymerization. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 4362–4372, 2000
Efficient query processing in geographic web search engines (2006)

Geographic web search engines allow users to constrain and order search results in an intuitive manner by focusing a query on a particular geographic region. Geographic search technology, also called local search, has recently received significant interest from major search engine companies. Academic research in this area has focused primarily on techniques for extracting geographic knowledge from the web. In this paper, we study the problem of efficient query processing in scalable geographic search engines. Query processing is a major bottleneck in standard web search engines, and the main reason for the thousands of machines used by the major engines. Geographic search engine query processing is different in that it requires a combination of text and spatial data processing techniques. We propose several algorithms for efficient query processing in geographic search engines, integrate them into an existing web search query processor, and evaluate them on large sets of real data and query traces.
Sponge delivery variables and tissue levels of 5-fluorouracil (2000)

Application time up to 3 minutes, sponge make, and 5-FU concentration can have a large effect on the tissue delivery of 5-FU. Application time beyond 3 minutes, using 3.5x2 mm or 7x4 mm sponges, and replacing sponges every minute did not have a significant effect on tissue levels. This study models the effect that different variables can have on the ocular tissue levels of an antimetabolite applied intraoperatively.
Soft errors issues in low-power caches (2005)

As technology scales, reducing leakage power and improving reliability of data stored in memory cells is both important and challenging. While lower threshold voltages increase leakage, lower supply voltages and smaller nodal capacitances reduce energy consumption but increase soft errors rates. In this work, we present a comprehensive study of soft error rates on low-power cache design. First, we study the effect of circuit level techniques, used to reduce the leakage energy consumption, on soft error rates. Our results using custom designs show that many of these approaches may increase the soft error rates as compared to a standard 6T SRAM. We also validate the effects of voltage scaling on soft error rate by performing accelerated tests on off-the-shelf SRAM-based chips using a neutron beam source. Next, we study the impact of cache decay and drowsy cache, which are two commonly used architectural-level leakage reduction approaches, on the cache reliability. Our results indicate that the leakage optimization techniques change the reliability of cache memory. More importantly, we demonstrate that there is a tradeoff between optimizing for leakage power and improving the immunity to soft error. We also study the impact of error correcting codes on soft error rates. Based on this study, we propose an adaptive error correcting scheme to reduce the leakage energy consumption and improve reliability.
A polar-based demapper of 8PSK demodulation for DVB-S2 systems (2013)

In this paper, we propose a polar-based 8-PSK demapper for DVB-S2 receivers. This demapper computes the Log-Likelihood Ratio (LLR) of the transmitted bit using the polar coordinate of the received 8-PSK symbol. Thanks to interpolation and approximation, the resulting demapper outperforms the classical LLR receiver based on Cartesian coordinates. Simulation shows almost no degradation compared to the optimal LLR generation for a 5-bit input precision of the Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) decoder <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> .
Experimental Intervention of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Diseases (1990)

Experimental prevention of hypertension and related cardiovascular diseases has been studied in rat models for hypertension and stroke and not only salt reduction but also increased intakes of potassium, calcium, magnesium, protein, some amino acids and fatty acids and dietary fibers have been proven to be effective and indicated the importance of nonpharmacological dietary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. These experimental findings contribute to dietary risk factor analyses and the prevention of hypertension and its complications in man, as demonstrated by a cross-sectional epidemiological study on cardiovascular diseases and alimentary comparison (WHO-CARDIAC Study).
Elaboration et caractérisation d'un tissu de carbone active (1996)

L'objectif de ce travail est l'elaboration d'un tissu de carbone active prepare selon un nouveau concept de fil. En effet, ce fil, ou plutot multifil, est une association de deux composants: une âme et une couverture. L'âme assure la resistance mecanique du multifil et est constitue de monofilaments de haute tenacite. Disposes autour de cette âme resistante mecaniquement, des fibres a vocation adsorbante constituent la couverture. Ainsi prepare le multifil allie deux proprietes a priori difficilement compatibles, la resistance mecanique et l'adsorption. Dans un premier temps l'etude a porte sur la preparation et la caracterisation de precurseurs de couverture (4 viscose, une polyimide, une polyphenolique et une polyaramide) par carbonisation et activation au Co2 a 900°C ; la caracterisation poreuse ayant ete effectuee par adsorption de gaz. A l'issue de cette etude, deux precurseurs interessants ont ete retenus: une viscose et une polyimide. L'effet d'une activation par la vapeur d'eau a egalement ete etudiee. Un effet catalytique des sels de sodium en surface de la fibre viscose a ainsi pu etre mis en evidence au cours de l'activation Co2. Ensuite, une etude de six multifils a ete effectuee tant sur le plan de la texture poreuse que sur la resistance mecanique a la rupture. Un support textile a ensuite ete confectionne et ses proprietes d'adsorption dynamique de molecule organique testees avec la molecule d'yperite. Une correlation entre la quantite de matiere adsorbante, le taux d'activation, le volume microporeux, l'existence de pores de diametre superieur a celui de la molecule cible et l'efficacite de la filtration a ete montre. Finalement le concept du multifil a la fois poreux et mecaniquement resistant a ainsi ete valide
Reservoir simulation study of CO2 storage in formations containing both aquifers and coal seams (2011)

Geological storage of CO2 is a viable option for the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. Formations such as saline aquifers and coal seams have distinct storage mechanisms; in saline aquifers, the CO2 is mainly stored by compression and/or dissolution in the formation fluid, whereas in coal seams, the CO2 is primarily stored by adsorption. To investigate the impact of CO2 dissolution in formation fluid on CO2 storage in coal and enhanced coalbed methane production, two scenarios are considered (1) CO2 injection and coalbed methane production for a single coal seam, (2) CO2 injection in two coal seams with an aquifer in-between while coalbed methane is produced in the upper coal seam. It is found that although CO2 dissolution in formation water is not the main storage mechanism in coal reservoirs, including CO2 dissolution can lead to significant differences in the simulation results. In addition, including CO2 dissolution leads to more accurate description of the ECBM process through more accurate prediction of water saturation and thus the gas effective permeability, the overall reservoir pressure and gas flow response to CO2 injection. The results also suggest that for CO2 storage in lower rank coals, which usually have higher porosity and permeability, CO2 dissolution in the formation water should be considered in order to more accurately describe the CO2 storage and ECBM behaviour. The results also show that water containing formations in between the coal seams, although often low in porosity and thus insignificant in overall CO2 storage capacity, also have a significant impact on the overall CO2 storage and enhanced coalbed methane recovery behaviours when considering CO2 dissolution modelling in formation waters.
Nucleus-nucleus interactions between 20 and 65 GeV per nucleon (1987)

A hybrid electronic-counter--emulsion-chamber instrument was exposed to high-energy cosmic rays on a balloon. The data on 105 nucleus-nucleus collisions in the energy range 20--65 GeV/nucleon and for incident nuclear charges 22\ensuremath{\le}${Z}_{p}$\ensuremath{\le}28 are presented. Inclusive characteristics of particle production on different targets (plastic, emulsion, and lead) are shown and compared with models based on the superposition of nucleon-nucleus interactions. Features of a subset of the more central collisions with plastic target and some characteristics of individual events with the highest multiplicity of produced particles are described.
Design and Construction of a 2D Metal Organic Framework with Multiple Cavities:  A Nonregular Net with a Paracyclophane that Codes for Multiply Fused Nodes (2005)

A metal organic framework with two different nodes (circle and square) and a structure related to one of the 20 known 2-uniform nets has been constructed using an organic building unit that codes for multiply fused nodes.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐DIPOLAR CHARACTER OF SIX‐MEMBERED AROMATIC RINGS. PART 53. 1‐(1‐OXIDO‐4‐PYRIDYL)‐3‐OXIDOPYRIDINIUM, 2‐(5‐NITRO‐2‐PYRIDYL)‐4‐OXIDOISOQUINOLINIUM, AND 2‐(TRANS‐3‐(4‐CHLOROPHENYL)‐3‐OXOPROP‐1‐ENYL)‐4‐OXIDOISOQUINOLINIUM (1980)

Abstract Das Oxidopyridyl‐3‐hydroxypyridiniumsalz (III) ‐ dargestellt aus (I) und (II) ‐ geht unter Einwirkung basischer Ionen austauscher in das Betain (IV) über, das als 1,3‐Dipol mit den Olefinen (Va)‐(Vf) zu de Azabicyclooctenonen (VI) reagiert, wobei mit (Va), (Vb) bzw. (Vc) die 6‐endo/exo‐Gemische (VIa)/(VIb), (VIc)/(VId) bzw. (VIe)/(VIf) entstehen; mit (Vg) liefert (IV) ein einziges 6‐Regioisomeres (15% Ausb.) unbekannter Stereochemie, mit (Vh) den Ether (VII), und mit Acenaphthylen (IX) bzw. Inden (X) die Cycloaddukte (VIII) bzw. (XI).
Analytical study of birefringence in slab waveguides (1996)

For a number of optoelectronic components it is important to estimate the amount of waveguide birefringence in order to reduce or eliminate a possible polarization dependence. Several important structures (e.g. buried or ridge) can be analysed with sufficient accuracy by the effective index method which reduces the original 2-D problem to two 1-D problems. We therefore look at waveguide birefringence for the 1-D case.
Design parameters influencing reliability of CCGA assembly: a sensitivity analysis (2006)

Area array microelectronic packages with small pitch and large I/O counts are now widely used in microelectronics packaging. The impact of various package design and materials/process parameters on reliability has been studied through extensive literature review. Reliability of ceramic column grid array (CCGA) package assemblies has been evaluated using JPL thermal cycle test results (-50deg/75 degC, -55deg/100degC, and -55deg/125degC), as well as those reported by other investigators. A sensitivity analysis has been performed using the literature data to study the impact of design parameters and global/local stress conditions on assembly reliability. The applicability of various life-prediction models for CCGA design has been investigated by comparing model's predictions with the experimental thermal cycling data. Finite element method (FEM) analysis has been conducted to assess the state of the stress/strain in CCGA assembly under different thermal cycling, and to explain the different failure modes and locations observed in JPL test assemblies
Developing Subthreshold-Swing Limit of PEALD In–Sn–Ga–O Transistor via Atomic-Scaled Sn Control (2022)

The In–Sn–Ga–O (ITGO) thin-film transistor (TFT) is promising in that it possesses enhanced electrical characteristics and stability because the tin (Sn) has large spherical s orbitals and a high binding energy with oxygen (O). Recently, there have been several reports of ITGO material fabricated via sputtering. Therefore, studies that control Sn composition to achieve unique characteristics and obtain conformal films have been limited. For these reasons, we evaluated plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD)-derived ITGO materials with varied Sn composition. The electrical characteristics are enhanced with the Sn subcycle ratio from 1 to 5 in the ITGO films (carrier concentration: 6.4 × 1020 to 2.2 × 1021 cm–3, resistivity: 8.6 × 10–4 to 6.1 × 10–4 Ω cm). These results are due to carrier generation by the Sn, a decrease in oxygen-related defects (22.9% to 19.5%), and suppressed indium-oxide (In2O3) crystallinity. To demonstrate their applicability to practical devices, the ITGO films were applied to TFTs as active channel layers. The ITGO TFTs with increasing Sn content show a decrease then increase of subthreshold swing (S.S.) characteristics, while the field-effect mobility (μFE) slightly increases. In addition, the ITGO TFTs show improved negative bias illumination stress (NBIS) stability with increasing Sn content, while the turnaround point is observed in the Sn 5 subcycle. As a result, the ITGO TFT with the Sn 3 subcycle shows an extremely low S.S. of 64.8 ± 1.9 mV/decade and an NBIS result of −0.5 V. The outstanding performance of the ITGO TFT with Sn 3 subcycle is attributed to its low number of oxygen-related defects, amorphous structure, and low valence band maximum (VBM) level. Therefore, the ITGO TFTs with optimized Sn content have the advantages of low power consumption and resistance to an environment with illumination.
Complexity-reduced iterative source-channel decoding by conditional quantization (2008)

Iterative source-channel decoding (ISCD) exploits the residual redundancy of source codec parameters by using the Turbo principle. However, ISCD might require more computational complexity than available. The main reason is that the utilized soft decision source decoder (SDSD) can be computationally quite expensive. In this paper we propose a joint source-channel coding approach which reduces the computational complexity of the SDSD by slightly modifying the quantizer such that the complexity of the source decoder is reduced. The complexity of the SDSD is further reduced by transforming the SDSD equations into the logarithmic domain. We give analytical expressions for the expected quality loss by the modified quantizer, simulation results showing the overall ISCD system performance, as well as complexity figures.
Modified Maxium Likelihood Estimation Method for Completely Separated and Quasi-Completely Separated Data for a Dose-Response Model (2015)

Abstract : When data are completely or quasi-completely separated, the traditional maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method generates infinite estimates. The bias-reduction (BR) method, which is a variant of the bias-correction method, removes the first-order bias term by applying a modified score function, and it always produces finite estimates. By comparison, the traditional MLE method is unreliable because it produces infinite estimates. Unlike the Bayesian method, which may be difficult to apply in some situations, the BR method does not require prior information. The purpose of this paper is to provide all of the necessary equations and procedures required to carry out the BR method, thereby enabling use of the method on common computing platforms such as Basic in Microsoft Excel and Minitab. The U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center members have been using related probit slopes for separated data, but such slopes are not always known. The BR method is a useful alternative for estimating parameters of separated data sets and small-sample sizes.
CANINE BRAIN ANATOMY ON MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGES (1989)

Magnetic resonance (MR) images of the canine brain were acquired during investigation of dogs with neurologic disease. A paramagnetic contrast medium was used for enhancement. MR provided images with excellent contrast between grey and white matter, as well as brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid. Good resolution and anatomic detail of the canine brain were obtained. A series of images was compiled and labelled as a reference for MR anatomy of the canine brain.
Expression of Concern to: The role of ACE2, angiotensin-(1–7) and Mas1 receptor axis in glucocorticoid-induced intrauterine growth restriction (2020)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
[Two-dimensional echocardiography of coronary artery in Kawasaki disease (MCLS): detection, changes in acute phase, and follow-up observation of the aneurysm (author's transl)]. (1981)

Two-dimensional echocardiography (2-D echo) was performed before coronary angiography in 213 patients (pts), 4 months to 12 years old, with a history of Kawasaki disease (MCLS). In 10 pts, 2-D echo was performed almost everyday during acute phase. In 23 pts, coronary artery aneurysms were followed up for more than 6 months by 2-D echo. In 32 of 213 pts, the presence of coronary artery aneurysms (9 pts with left, 4 pts with right and 19 pts with both coronary arteries) were proved by coronary angiography. The correct diagnosis was achieved prospectively by 2-D echo in 26 of 32 pts with coronary artery aneurysm (in 24 of 28 pts with left and 15 of 23 pts with right coronary artery aneurysm). In all 10 pts with acute phase of MCLS, an increased echocardiographic density around the coronary artery and of the coronary artery itself continued from the 4th or 6th day to the 10th day or near the second month of the illness. The findings were considered due to acute perivasculitis and vasculitis in the coronary artery. In 5 of 10 pts, the dilatation of coronary artery was demonstrated on about 6th day of the illness and in 3 pts was transient, but in other 2 pts the dilated coronary arteries grew up aneurysms on the 9th and 13th day of the illness. In 23 pts with coronary artery aneurysm followed up by 2-D echo for more than 6 months, 18 pts were started to observe within 6 months and 5 pts beyond 1 year after the onset of illness. In the former, the size of aneurysm was markedly reduced in 7, slightly reduced in 6, and did not change in 5 pts. On the other hand, it did not change in all the 5 pts of the latter. This study suggests that 2-D echo is very useful to diagnose noninvasively coronary artery aneurysm in pts with the history of MCLS and to detect and follow-up it in acute phase.
Reliability of sequential hypothesis testing can be achieved by an almost-fixed-length test (2016)

The maximum type-I and type-II error exponents associated with the newly introduced almost-fixed-length hypothesis testing is characterized. In this class of tests, the decision-maker declares the true hypothesis almost always after collecting a fixed number of samples n; however in very rare cases with exponentially small probability the decision maker is allowed to collect another set of samples (no more than polynomial in n). This class of hypothesis tests are shown to bridge the gap between the classical hypothesis testing with a fixed sample size and the sequential hypothesis testing, and improve the trade-off between type-I and type-II error exponents.
Study on Motion Analysis of Friction Pendulum Isolation Systems during Earthquake. 2nd Report. Dynamic Test and Analysis on a 3-Storey Steel Frame Model Supported by 4 Friction Pendulum Bearings. (2002)

Most of non-rubber type isolation systems apply frictional force. One of the famous non-rubber type isolation systems is Friction Pendulum Bearing (: FPB) system. When using friction pendulum system in the open air circumstances, some have pointed out that long term durability of the systems must have been taken into account and it might have been very difficult to maintain the coefficient of friction. In this study, dynamic motion of the isolated structure model with 4 of FPB systems are investigated, especially in in-plane mode, considering a variance of friction coefficient of one system, a distribution of the mass of superstructures. The result and the analysis of the shake table test using 3-storey steal-frame model is presented in this report.