gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Critical-Dimension Measurement using Multi-Angle-Scanning Method in Atomic Force Microscope (2006)

We have developed a new critical dimension (CD) measurement technique using atomic force microscope (AFM) which can measure width-dimensions and examine sidewall-shapes of fine patterns on a wafer. The technique employs a flared-type tip in combination with digital probing and multi-angle scanning mechanism that allows the tip to trace the sidewalls on both sides of a feature (or trench) by making physical contacts with the sidewall surface. First, by using finite element method (FEM) we analyzed deformation of the tip and cantilever to compensate errors caused by the deformation. To verify our compensation method we measured quartz reference patterns either with perpendicular sidewalls or undercuts. In this paper we will describe the applications and usefulness of this multi-angle operation and show some measurement results of ArF resist patterns with 200 nm width and 400 nm depth that were obtained with a flared tip of 120 nm diameter.
The multiple-N-method for the calibration of vector network analyzer (2003)

The multiple-N-method is a new self-calibration technique for vector network analyzers. N represents a reciprocal, reflection symmetrical network. In contrast to the TRL-method (Through Reflect Line), the calibration circuits of the multiple-N-method are of equal length. Like the TRL-method, the multiple-N-method only needs three calibration circuits.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Clinical trial outcome in neuropathic pain: relationship to study characteristics. (2008)

BACKGROUND: Several recent randomized clinical trials have found that the medications being evaluated for neuropathic pain did not significantly differ from placebo for the primary efficacy endpoint, despite encouraging results from prior preclinical and clinical studies. It is unclear whether these trials were unsuccessful because the medications truly lack efficacy or whether characteristics of the trials compromised the demonstration of treatment benefits.OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with positive (i.e., favors medication) vs negative outcomes of placebo-controlled neuropathic pain trials.METHODS: We examined study characteristics associated with positive vs negative clinical trial outcomes for neuropathic pain treatments using the information provided in a comprehensive meta-analysis and additional ratings for 106 clinical trials.RESULTS: Univariate analyses indicated that the results of medication vs placebo comparisons were more likely to be positive when medication response rates were greater, placebo response rates were lower, and studies were published earlier. In a multivariate analysis performed to identify independent contributions of study characteristics to trial outcomes, greater medication response, reduced placebo response, and larger sample sizes were each uniquely associated with positive outcomes. In addition, greater medication response rates and parallel groups designs were each independently associated with greater placebo response rates.CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that study characteristics may contribute to the outcomes of clinical trials of treatments for neuropathic pain and provide an impetus for investigating strategies for decreasing placebo response rates and thereby possibly increasing the likelihood of positive outcomes in trials of efficacious treatments. PMID: 17914067
Apparatus Accurate Delays for Auditory Feedback Experiments (1967)

This note describes a way of modifying a tape recorder for producing accurately controllable delays for experiments with delayed auditory feedback. Any value of delay from 80 millisec. to 1.2 sec. can be obtained to the nearest millisec., and the range could be extended by some minor changes. The delay is continuously monitored on a digital electronic timer.
Treatment for routine, symptomatic, carotid bulb atherosclerosis (2012)

![Graphic][1]</img> The results of recent carotid artery stenting (CAS) vs carotid endarterectomy (CEA) randomized studies (CREST,1 SPACE,2 EVA3S,3 and ICSS4) have created conflict among surgical and endovascular communities over which procedure is preferred for secondary stroke prevention for symptomatic carotid stenosis. The North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) and the European Carotid Surgery Trial (ECST) established CEA as the gold standard for surgical treatment in the early 1990s. Carotid stenting has been held to the high standard of CEA, and in order to present a viable alternative surgical therapy, it must be effective at preventing strokes, durable, and safe, with complication rates comparable to CEA. Carotid stenting is a clinically effective procedure. CREST, SPACE, and EVA3S showed equivalent annual stroke rates for the 2 treatments in symptomatic patients after the initial 30 days (CEA vs CAS: 0.8 vs 0.6, 1.3 vs 1.4, and 0.7 vs 0.4, percent per year, respectively). The stroke-free survival curves in CREST for CEA and CAS are parallel after the perioperative period out to 4 years, indicating clinical durability. > The increase in minor stroke in the CAS group and the increase in perioperative MI in the CEA group offset one another, leading to the equivalent primary endpoint. Perioperative safety remains the controversial point; the 30-day stroke and death rate for the stented patients was over 2 times that of the surgical group in the EVA3S trial. In the ICSS trial, the CAS group suffered stroke or death twice as often as the CEA group. Complications rates were, at best, equivalent in the 2 groups in the SPACE trial (6.3% for CEA and 6.8% for CAS), with CAS not achieving noninferiority. Why the … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Forearm sympathetic withdrawal and vasodilatation during mental stress in humans (1997)

1. In humans, mental stress elicits vasodilatation in the muscle vascular beds of the forearm that may be neurally mediated. We sought to determine the extent to which this vasodilatation is due to sympathetic withdrawal, active neurogenic vasodilatation, or beta-adrenergically mediated vasodilatation. 2. We simultaneously measured forearm blood flow and muscle sympathetic nerve traffic to the forearm during mental stress in humans. In a second study, we measured forearm blood flow responses to mental stress after selective blockade of alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission in one forearm. In a final study, we measured forearm blood flow responses to mental stress after unilateral anaesthetic blockade of the stellate ganglion, alone or in combination with selective beta-adrenergic receptor blockade of the forearm. 3. During mental stress, muscle sympathetic nerve activity decreased from 5113 +/- 788 to 1509 +/- 494 total integrated activity min-1 (P < 0.05) and forearm vascular resistance decreased from 96 +/- 29 to 33 +/- 7 mmHg (dl of tissue) min ml-1 (P < 0.05). Considerable vasodilation was still elicited by mental stress after selective blockade of alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission. Vasodilatation also occurred during mental stress after stellate ganglion blockade. This dilatation was reduced by selective blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors in the forearm. 4. Our results support a role for both sympathetic withdrawal and beta-adrenergic vasodilatation as the major causes of the forearm vasodilatation during mental stress in humans.
Optical-electronic technologies in materials analysis (2005)

It is proposed a new optical electronic approach for effective, simple and non expensive testing of the materials. An optical correlator is used for high speed features extraction, which characterize the distribution of the informational important elements in the crystallographic image. The digital “portrait” of the analyzed material is constructed which is compared with the set of the standard “portraits” on the base of which the level of the quality of the material is determined. The method permits to automate the process of the crystallographic images analyses and to increase the reliability of the results.
Effect of Cooling Rate on Microstructure and Fracture Characteristics of &beta;-Rich &alpha; + &beta; Type Ti-4.5Al-3V-2Mo-2Fe Alloy (2001)

This study investigated the effect of cooling rate on microstructure and fracture characteristics of β-rich α+β type Ti–4.5Al–3V–2Mo–2Fe alloy rolled plate. Particular attention was paid to the roles of the local and continuous secondary phases within prior β grain in the static fracture toughness. A variety of microstructures containing different types, morphologies, sizes and volume fractions of secondary phases were obtained in matrix β (within prior β grain) with varying cooling rates; namely, water-quenching (WQ), air-cooling (AC), furnace-cooling (FC) and slow furnace-cooling (SFC) from various solutionizing temperatures in the α+β field. The types of secondary phases are martensite α (orthorhombic α′′), acicular α and plate-like α observed in WQ, AC and FC specimens, respectively. While, there is no or lack secondary phase observed in matrix β for SFC specimen. Deformation-induced martensite (α′′), DIM, was observed in WQ specimens after testing. The results showed that the fracture toughness, JIC, and calculated flow stress, σf, of the microstructures containing a secondary phase depend mainly on the type and width of the secondary phase. The JIC of microstructures containing a secondary phase, in general, is superior to that of the microstructures lacking secondary phases. Both the martensite α and DIM appear to increase JIC. In a particular condition, JIC decreases slightly with increasing width of acicular α for microstructure containing predominantly local acicular α, but increases monotonously with further increases in the width of acicular α. JIC increases considerably with increasing width of plate-like α. The increase of JIC is mainly due to increasing the effect of extrinsic toughening mechanism.
An Application Example of a Run-Time Reconfigurable Embedded System (2010)

In this paper we present an application example for a run-time reconfigurable embedded system. The system design is based on the perceptions of previous works from several groups. We comment on the theoretical background of dynamic reconfiguration with respect to the embedded market and its special needs. Moreover a resource-efficient FPGA system and a first design is presented to serve as a basis for further work in the field of run-time reconfiguration applicable to the embedded market.
Development of a three resolution video encoder (1995)

Due to the character of the original source materials and the nature of batch digitization, quality control issues may be present in this document. Please report any quality issues you encounter to digital@library.tamu.edu, referencing the URI of the item.
Integration of home networking in a smart environment dedicated to people with disabilities (2004)

We describe our research activity on the integration of technologies in the environment of people with disabilities who have reduced abilities to perform daily living tasks and who are usually using adapted systems, described as assistive technologies, to compensate, even partly, the problems of daily activities. This paper focuses on the process design of an accessible smart environment, described as the smart homes concept. This process design covers our explanation of the use of smart homes technologies as appropriate solutions to support user needs. We focus on the software infrastructure developed within the smart homes project which started two years ago and provides preliminary evaluation results on users needs in term of assistive technologies and highlights the role of communication protocols to control heterogeneous devices. This project 1 is funded by the GET and the LLR foundation.
The Effects of Hardiness, Job-Related Stress, and Life Stress on Health and Absence from Work. (1989)

BACKGROUND Soft-tissue sarcomas are a group of heterogeneous and rare mesenchymal tumors with aggressive behavior. We aimed to identify the molecular signatures of N⁶-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation regulators associated with patient prognosis using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. MATERIAL AND METHODS To evaluate the role of m⁶A in soft-tissue sarcomas, genomic and clinical data were downloaded from TCGA. The copy number variations (CNVs) and mutations of m6A regulators were analyzed. RESULTS Alterations of m⁶A regulators were common, and ALKBH5 showed the highest frequency of copy number gain, while ZC3H13 had the highest frequency of loss. CNVs and mutations were closely correlated with histology (P<0.001) and tumor size (P=0.040), and CNVs were correlated with mRNA expression. Furthermore, patients with gains of METTL16, RMB15, RMB15B, YTHDC, and YTHDF3 displayed poorer overall survival (OS), and patients with gains of RBM15 and YTHDC2 and loss of IGF2BP1 had poorer disease-free survival (DFS). Further analysis indicated that CNVs and mutations of KIAA1429, YTHDF3, and IGF2BP1 were independent risk factors predicting OS and DFS. Gain of "writers" with loss of "erasers" led to worse OS than gain of "writers". Genes involved in JAK2 oncogenic signature were enriched in cases of higher expressions of METTL16, YTHDC2, and YTHDF3. Similarly, the core serum response signature was enriched in patients with higher expressions of IGF2BP1, METTL16, RBM15, and YTHDC2. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a useful molecular tool to predict the outcome of soft-tissue sarcomas and deepens our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the development of the disease.
Classical Thermodynamics of Fluid Systems: Principles and Applications (2016)

This text explores the connections between different thermodynamic subjects related to fluid systems. Emphasis is placed on the clarification of concepts by returning to the conceptual foundation of thermodynamics and special effort is directed to the use of a simple nomenclature and algebra. The book presents the structural elements of classical thermodynamics of fluid systems, covers the treatment of mixtures, and shows via examples and references both the usefulness and the limitations of classical thermodynamics for the treatment of practical problems related to fluid systems. It also includes diverse selected topics of interest to researchers and advanced students and four practical appendices, including an introduction to material balances and step-by-step procedures for using the Virial EOS and the PRSV EOS for fugacities and the ASOG-KT group method for activity coefficients. The Olivera-Fuentes table of PRSV parameters for more than 800 chemical compounds and the Gmehling-Tochigi tables of ASOG interaction parameters for 43 groups are included.
Studies on the Agglutination of Erythrocytes Treated with Human Plasmin and Some Other Enzymes (1969)

The serological activity of human plasmin was compared with those of trypsin, bromelin, papain, and ficin. Human plasmin increased agglutination of erythrocytes with Rh-Hr antibodies, and to a lesser extent, with anti-Lea, anti-K, and anti-k (Cellano) antibodies. It did not decrease the agglutination of erythrocytes with anti-M, anti-N, anti-S, and anti-Fya antibodies. No increased agglutination could be observed with anti-P and anti-I antibodies. Bovine plasmin, human and bovine thrombin, and α-chymotrypsin did not alter the agglutinability of erythrocytes.
Retinal microvascular network alterations: potential biomarkers of cerebrovascular and neural diseases (2016)

Increasing evidence suggests that the conditions of retinal microvessels are indicators to a variety of cerebrovascular, neurodegenerative, psychiatric, and developmental diseases. Thus noninvasive visualization of the human retinal microcirculation offers an exceptional opportunity for the investigation of not only the retinal but also cerebral microvasculature. In this review, we show how the conditions of the retinal microvessels could be used to assess the conditions of brain microvessels because the microvascular network of the retina and brain share, in many aspects, standard features in development, morphology, function, and pathophysiology. Recent techniques and imaging modalities, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), allow more precise visualization of various layers of the retina and its microcirculation, providing a "microscope" to brain microvessels. We also review the potential role of retinal microvessels in the risk identification of cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. The association between vision problems and cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as the possible role of retinal microvascular imaging biomarkers in cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative screening, their potentials, and limitations, are also discussed.
Abstract 17: SURP and G Patch Domain Containing 1 is a Novel Regulator of Cholesterol Metabolism (2015)

rs10401969 tags a large GWAS-identified locus associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) and plasma LDL cholesterol. This locus contains over a dozen genes, as well as a nonsynonymous SNP in TM6SF2. Recently, several studies have shown that TM6SF2 impacts lipid metabolism, and concluded that it is a causative gene within the locus. However, it is possible that one or more of the other genes at this locus may also contribute to CAD risk. SURP and G patch domain containing 1 (SUGP1) is a putative splicing factor, and we have previously reported that cholesterol genes can be coordinately regulated by alternative splicing. Since rs10401969 is contained within intron 8 of SUGP1, we hypothesized that SUGP1 may contribute to the relationship between rs10401969 and plasma LDLC. Western blot analysis of lymphoblastoid cell lines (n=48) revealed that SUGP1 protein levels differed by rs10401969 genotype. In HepG2 and Huh7 cells transfected with a SUGP1 mini-gene construct, we found that rs10401969 induces SUGP1 exon 8 skipping, creating a SUGP1 transcript that is subject to nonsense-mediated decay. Through EMSAs, we established that rs10401969 disrupted binding of HNRNPA1, a well-known splicing factor of SUGP1 RNA. To establish the physiological effects of SUGP1, we overexpressed Sugp1 by tail vein delivery into CD1 male mice (n=10), and after 1 and 4-weeks, plasma cholesterol levels were increased 20% and 50%, respectively, compared to controls. In HepG2 and Huh7 cells, we found that SUGP1 targets 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), which encodes the rate-limiting step of cholesterol biosynthesis. SUGP1 knock-down stimulated alternative splicing of HMGCR and decreased transcript stability, resulting in reduced HMGCR enzyme activity, cholesterol synthesis and increased LDL uptake. These findings are consistent with the increase in plasma cholesterol observed after Sugp1 overexpression in vivo. In summary, these results support a role for SUGP1 as a multi-functional RNA binding protein that regulates cholesterol metabolism and suggest that this effect contributes to the GWAS association of rs10401969 with CAD.
Molecular genetics in muscular dystrophy research: Revolutionary progress (1988)

The contribution of "reverse genetic" strategies to neuromuscular disease research is evident in the progression of breakthroughs that have recently culminated in the cloning of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) cDNA. The resultant improvements in our understanding of the genetic basis of Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) and DMD serve as models for similar investigation of other heritable disorders. These genetic advances have outpaced concurrent work on the molecular pathogenesis of the dystrophic process, with the curious result that inferences about the DMD protein's amino acid sequence have preceded any information about its function or intracellular localization. In recognition that this foundation sets the stage for the rapid elucidation of the disease's pathogenesis, we review the experimental basis of such advances, with reference to relevant progress in basic myology, pathology, and molecular biology. We conclude with a view towards the ultimate clinical implications of these experimental breakthroughs.
Sniffing Position Improves Pharyngeal Airway Patency in Anesthetized Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2005)

Sniffing position structurally improves maintenance of the passive pharyngeal airway in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and may be beneficial for both mask ventilation and tracheal intubation during anesthesia induction.
Zur Frage des Bindungscharakters bei der Chemisorption von Wasserstoff an Übergangsmetallen (1956)

Abstract Zum Verständnis der heterogenen Katalyse an Übergangsmetallen ist eine Kenntnis des Bindungszustandes der Chemisorptionsbindung unerläßlich. Im Prinzip sind zu seiner Beschreibung zwei Modellvorstellungen denkbar. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, eine eindeutige Entscheidung zwischen diesen beiden Modellen zu treffen. Hierzu wurden drei typische Metalleigenschaften untersucht, die sich bei der Ausbildung der Adsorptionsschicht in charakteristischer Weise ändern, und zwar: lichtelektrische Emission aufgedampfter Metallfilme, elektrische Leitfähigkeit dieser Filme, Ferromagnetismus von hochdispersem Nickel. Es wird nachgewiesen, daß die Chemisorption von Wasserstoff an Nickel nicht als reine Donator‐Akzeptor‐Reaktion aufzufassen ist; der tatsächliche Bindungszustand läßt sich im Einklang mit allen Meßergebnissen durch eine Mesomerie beschreiben, bei der die homöopolare Grenzstruktur weitaus überwiegt. Daneben treten ionogene Grenzformen auf, die für das Dipolmoment der Adsorptionsschicht verantwortlich sind. Es gelingt, das Vorzeichen des zu erwartenden Dipolmomentes theoretisch vorauszusagen; die Ergebnisse werden durch die Erfahrung bestätigt.
Observation of radio-frequency field induced plasma loss in a simple mirror (1988)

High-frequency parallel electric fields applied to plasmas confined in a simple magnetic mirror cause enhanced plasma loss. The plasma potential rises because of a population of electrons in the magnetic loss cone that are accelerated to parallel energies significantly higher than the bulk electron temperature. The radio-frequency induced plasma loss has a nonambipolar component, with ions lost predominantly in the radial direction.