gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Pfitzinger Reaction with Ketones Derived from o-Hydroxydiphenyl (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Pfitzinger Reaction with Ketones Derived from o-HydroxydiphenylNG. PH. BUU-HOÏ and MICHEL SYCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1956, 21, 1, 136–138Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01107a031https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01107a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views162Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Use of stale answers in database applications (1992)

In a typical database application, it is commonly assumed that user information requirements can only be satisfied by the most current data. The desirable attributes of infolmation often include being up-to-date, timeliness, and accuracy, with the implicit assumption that without these attributes a response to a query has little or no value. This assumption is challenged in this work. We consider the tradeoff between the cost of incomplete information, due to the use of stale data, and the incremental cost of providing a current answer. We propose that the database system be extended to include a data cache, in which copies of frequently needed data will be kept. Objects in the cache are not updated as the database changes, but rather are refreshed whenever the cost of using stale data exceeds some prespecified level. We also discuss alternative refresh policies and cache search schemes.
Error Detection by Redundant Transaction in Transactional Memory System (2011)

This paper addresses the issue of error detection in transactional memory, and proposes a new method of error detection based on redundant transaction (EDRT). This method creates a transaction copy for every transaction, and executes both original transactions and transaction copies on adequate processor cores, and achieves error detection by comparing the execution results. EDRT utilizes the data-versioning mechanism of transactional memory to achieve the acquisition of an approximate minimum error detection comparing data set, and the acquisition is transparent and online. At last, this paper validates the EDRT through 5 test programs, including 4 SPLASH-2 benchmarks. The experimental results show that, the average error detecting cost is about 3.68% relative to the whole program, and it's only about 12.07% relative to the transaction parts of the program.
Selecting sequence numbers (1975)

This paper discusses techniques for selecting and synchronizing sequence numbers such that no errors will occur if certain network characteristics can be bounded and if adequate data error detection measures are taken. The discussion specifically focuses on the protocol described by Cerf and Kahn, (1) but the ideas are applicable to other similar protocols.
Advances in Functional Encryption (2016)

Functional encryption is a novel paradigm for public-key encryption that enables both fine-grained access control and selective computation on encrypted data, as is necessary to protect big, complex data in the cloud. In this thesis, I provide a brief introduction to functional encryption, and an overview of my contributions to the area.
A Study of Professional Development of Swedish School Leaders and Their Views on How it Needs to be Navigated (2008)

A school principal has to play many different roles, such as a decision maker, problem solver, instructional leader and change agent. Research studies on profiles and preparation of school leaders have demonstrated many similarities and some differences between school leaders in different contexts. This study undertaken in Sweden, the third largest country in Europe, but with a small population with particular problems of her own, focuses on the profiles and pre-service and in-service training received, and how the school leaders perceive that their future professional development programs requirements to be designed and provided. The sample includes both principals and vice-principals in Swedish schools. Results suggest that the most important reasons for becoming principals were to transform society and the attraction of higher salaries. Only one third had undergone some sort of pre-service training whereas almost all have undergone in-service training. In their view ‘Human resources management’; ‘Introduction and management of reforms’; ‘An induction program’; and ‘Ethics, morals and values for educational leaders’ were the most important topics for pre-service programs.
Enhancing Adequacy of Isolated Systems With Electric Vehicle-Based Emergency Strategy (2019)

Extreme events can extensively damage power systems, causing customers to experience long-lasting outages. During such events, an electric vehicle (EV) can be used to directly power a house, i.e., vehicle-to-home (V2H). Specifically, the EV serves as a mobile energy storage system-running errands to “transport” energy from other places. Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) further allows cooperation among houses. It enables EV fleets to take turns running the errands so that sustained power supply is possible. Moreover, autonomous driving technology can also benefit system adequacy because the charging errands of EVs can be scheduled flexibly without being bonded to human activities. An emergency power supply strategy featuring scheduled EV charging errands as introduced above is proposed. It answers the questions whether and to what extent a system can survive an extended period of outage with the use of EVs only. An optimization problem is formulated with the purpose of maximizing the supply adequacy of the isolated system during the outage period. Both V2H and V2G scenarios are considered in the problem formulation, as well as self-driving capability. The complex optimization problems are solved with genetic algorithm. It is significant to find from the case study that the proposed strategy is able to fully restoring an islanded system when V2G and self-driving EVs are implemented.
DC, induction, reluctance and PM motors for electric vehicles (1994)

Electric vehicle production is expected to increase dramatically over the next 10 years. DC motors are used exclusively at present but the change to AC brings advantages in weight and efficiency providing improved range. Because it is readily available, the induction motor is being used for the next generation of electric vehicles but the brushless DC motor has the lightest weight and highest efficiency and is expected to be used within the next 10 years. The switched reluctance motor also has merits for special applications. The author compares the different types of motor for weight, efficiency, cost and other factors. The author also discusses generators for hybrid electric vehicles.
The K Matrix of n-Port Networks: Analysis and Synthesis (1969)

A new characterization of the terminal behavior of linear <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</tex> -port networks by means of an <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(n \times n)</tex> matrix <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K</tex> is proposed. The conventional role of ports is preserved here only in looking on them as the sole input gates of the network, whereas any pair of terminals is admissible for output specifications. This new characterization is shown to be a convenient medium in analysis of a general linear <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</tex> -port network. More important, in the case of a real matrix <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K</tex> , the paper provides an algorithm that either leads to a realization of a resistive <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</tex> -port network complying with the given specification, or shows that such a realization does not exist.
Modeling of Physical Carrier Sense in Multi-hop Wireless Networks and Its Use in Joint Power Control and Carrier Sense Adjustment (2006)

Abstract — In this paper, we extend both Bianchi’s and Kumar’s models and characterize the channel activities governed by IEEE 802.11 DCF in multi-hop wireless networks from the perspective of an individual sender. In particular, we incorporate the effect of PHY/MAC attributes (such as transmit power and physical carrier sense) that need not be considered in WLANs but become extraordinarily important in multi-hop wireless networks, and derive the throughput attained by each sender. With the use of the analytical model derived, we investigate the impact of transmit power and carrier sense threshold on network capacity, and identify a simple operating condition under which the network may attain throughput that is close to its optimal value. Based on the insight shed from the analytical model, we then propose a distributed and localized algorithm, called Local Minimum Spanning Tree with Carrier Sense Adjustment (LMST-CSA) that determines both the transmit power and the carrier sense threshold of a node. We evaluate LMST-CSA via J-Sim simulation [1]. Simulation results show that LMST-CSA achieves higher throughput as compared to conventional IEEE 802.11 DCF, LMST with no carrier sense adjustment, and LMST with static carrier sense adjustment. I.
Frequency Dependence of Electric Field Modulation of Fibroblast Protein Synthesis (1987)

The effect of electric current on protein biosynthesis in mammalian fibroblasts was investigated with neonatal bovine fibroblast-populated collagen matrices. The field strength dependence of electric field modulation of proline incorporation into extracellular and intracellular protein was measured over a frequency range from 0.1 to 1000 hertz. A frequency- and amplitude-dependent reduction in the rate of incorporation was observed. In tissues containing cells aligned either parallel or perpendicular to the electric field, this response was dependent on the orientation of the cells relative to the direction of the applied electric field. This study demonstrates that currents of physiological strength can stimulate alterations in biosynthesis and thereby may influence tissue growth, remodeling, and repair.
The design of DARTS: a dynamic debugger for multiprocessor real-time applications (2002)

The correctness of execution of a real-time application depends upon the timing properties of the system. The DARTS (debug add on for real-time systems) functions implement a set of debugging functions which have a minimum and predictable influence on the temporal logic of the application. They provide the programmer with crucial information on the temporal logic of the system (direct control flow), they perform watch functions on variables and control the invariant relations which may exist between application and system level objects (indirect dataflow). The workstation is a host target cross development system. Both host and target are single board computers on a VME-bus. The host system runs Unix System V while the targets run MTOS-UX, a multiprocessor real-time operating system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A PCR procedure to determine the sequence of large polypeptides by rapid walking through a cDNA library. (1991)

A procedure that uses the PCR to make rapid successive steps through a random-primed cDNA library has been developed to provide a method for sequencing very long genes that are difficult to obtain as a single clone. In each successive step, the portions of partial clones that extend out from the region of known DNA sequence are amplified by two stages of PCR with nested, outward-directed primers designed approximately 50 bases in from the end of the known sequence, together with a general primer based on the sequence of the vector. This procedure has been used to determine the coding sequence of the cDNA for the beta heavy chain of axonemal dynein from embryos of the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla. By starting from a single parent clone, whose translated amino acid sequence overlapped the microsequence of a tryptic peptide of the beta heavy chain, and making 3 such walk steps downstream and 14 walk steps upstream, we obtained a sequence of 13,799 base pairs that had an open reading frame of 13,398 base pairs. This sequence encodes a polypeptide with 4466 residues of Mr 511,804 that is believed to correspond to the complete beta heavy chain of ciliary outer arm dynein.
Applications of many beam systematic diffraction contrast in high voltage transmission electron microscopy (1974)

The increase in number of reflections that occurs as the voltage is increased above 100 to 650 kV leads to several new applications of contrast analysis and improved resolution. In systematic orientations two practical examples of contrast analysis are described. In the first, it is shown how the nature of stacking faults (intrinsic or extrinsic) can be found from the contrast of dark field images formed in 1g when the 2g systematic condition is satisfied. The contrast is high if the phase factor α = −2π/3 and considerably lower when α = +2π/3. This is a general method and does not have the limitations of current methods of analysis, unless defects are very small (≪ the extinction distance). In the second method further exploration is made of the improved resolution that can be obtained for diffraction contrast at defects such as dislocations by lowering the effective extinction distance, e.g. by dark field weak-beam, or bright field high order reflection, imaging. These methods have been applied to defects in boron implanted silicon in which for the first time, dissociated loops have been resolved. From the separation of the partials, the stacking fault energy is estimated to be (45 ± 6) erg/cm2 (isotropic elasticity) or (51 ± 7) erg/cm2 (anisotropic elasticity theory). Das Ansteigen der Zahl der Reflexionen, das auftritt, wenn die Spannung oberhalb 100 bis 650 kV gesteigert wird, führt zu neuen Anwendungen der Kontrastanalyse und zu einer verbesserten Auflösung. Für die systematische Orientierung werden zwei praktische Beispiele der Kontrastanalyse beschrieben. Im ersten wird gezeigt, wie die Natur von Stapelfehlern (gittereigenen und durch Verunreinigungen hervorgerufenen) aus dem Kontrast von Dunkelfeldbildern in 1g gefunden werden kann, wenn die systematische 2g-Bedingung erfüllt ist. Der Kontrast ist hoch, wenn der Phasenfaktor α = −2π/3 ist und beträchtlich niedriger, wenn α = + 2π/3 ist. Das ist eine allgemeine Methode, die nicht die Grenzen der gegenwärtigen Methoden der Analyse aufweist, wenn nicht die Defekte zu klein sind (≪ Extinktionsabstand). Bei der zweiten Methode werden weitere Untersuchungen einer verbesserten Auflösung durchgeführt, die für den Beugungskontrast von Defekten, wie Versetzungen, durch Erniedrigung des effektiven Extinktionsabstandes erhalten werden kann, d. h. durch Dunkelfeld-Schwachstrahlabbildung oder Hellfeld-Reflexionsabbildung höherer Ordnung. Diese Methoden werden auf Defekte in mit Bor implantiertem Silizium angewendet, in dem zum ersten Male dissoziierte Schleifen aufgelöst werden. Aus der Trennung der Teile wird die Stapelfehlerenergie zu (45 ± 6) erg/cm2 (isotrope) oder (51 ± 7) erg/cm2 (anisotrope Elastizitätstheorie) abgeschätzt.
Enhancement of Adenovirus Growth in African Green Monkey Kidney Cell Cultures by SV40 (1964)

SV40 enhances the growth of adenovirus 12 in African green monkey kidney (AGMK) cell cultures. In the absence of SV40, adenovirus 12 produces CPE; however, after 72 hours, less than 1% of the cells contain adenovirus particles by electron microscopy, and titrations show no increase in virus. When similar cultures are infected with both SV40 and adenovirus 12, after 72 hours 75% of the cells contain adenovirus particles and there is an increase in virus by titration. A similar enhancement of the growth of adenovirus 5 in AGMK cultures by SV40 has been observed. The development of progressive adenovirus-type cytopathic changes without demonstrable adenovirus particles in cells of AGMK cultures infected with adenoviruses alone suggests the possibility of some type of incomplete virus formation which is able to go to completion in the presence of SV40.
Aggregation algorithms for asymmetric QoS-routing information (2002)

We consider the aggregation of link-state information for an asymmetric communication network that supports quality of service (QoS)-based routing. The common strategy used to improve routing scalability is to divide the network into multiple autonomous systems (AS). Only the aggregated link-state information is advertised among AS. Compared to the network reachability, the link-state information, such as the residual bandwidth used in computing QoS routes, changes frequently and it appears in simulations to be asymmetric. We focus on networks that employ rate-based service discipline schemes and map delay constraint into nodal rate guarantee as done with the guaranteed QoS proposed for the Internet; hence, we propose aggregation algorithms for link residual bandwidth, based on existing aggregation approaches of QoS-routing information, the full-mesh, star and spanning-tree approach. We evaluate the proposed algorithms with different traffic volumes and numbers of border nodes, based on simulations with a randomly-generated physical network. We compare these aggregation approaches in terms of their performance and scalability (the amount of link-state advertisement generated). Using our simulations, we provide heuristic solutions of achieving good performance and scalability for implementing inter-domain QoS routing. Our main results show that the spanning-tree approach with our aggregation algorithms could achieve similar performance to the full-mesh approach; both are superior to the star approach. The amount of generated advertisement traffic by the spanning-tree approach is less than that generated by the star approach or the full-mesh approach.
Design of a Tool for Checking Integration Testing Coverage of Object-Oriented Software (2013)

Software testing is a necessary process in software development life cycle to verify if the developed software follows its specification. One important thing of the testing process is test coverage analysis because defects may exist in uncovered parts and emerge when users try to use them. Test coverage analysis is performed to measure the comprehensiveness or thoroughness of testing. It is necessary and can be applied at every level of testing process. Nowadays, the object-oriented software is gaining interest in software industry which the test method differs from the conventional software, so some of available techniques and tools cannot be applied to object- oriented software. This paper proposes design of a tool for checking integration testing coverage of object- oriented software which can check the integration testing coverage of object oriented software and generate additional test cases in case of the existing test cases cannot cover the code.
Ultraviolet irradiation-induced inflammation: effects of steroid and nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agents (1979)

The effect of combined topical applications of a steroid and nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agent on erythema induced by ultraviolet-B irradiation (UV-B) was evaluated. In human volunteers, the combination more effectively suppressed UV-B--induced erythema than either agent alone. When applied singly, the nonsteroid agent was far more effective than the steroid. The combination, or either agent alone, was most effective when applied immediately after irradiation. This study demonstrates that for the treatment of UV-B--induced erythema, the anti-inflammation effects of these two classes of anti-inflammatory agents are greater when used in combination than when either agent is used alone. However, the effect of the combination in this study is not sufficiently long-lasting to be therapeutically useful.
Amorphous Ternary Ta‐Si‐N Diffusion Barrier Between Si and Au (1991)

Reactively sputtered Ta‐Si‐N films are investigated as diffusion barriers between silicon and Au layers. Analyses by backscattering spectrometry and electrical measurements on shallow n+p junction diodes reveal that an amorphous thin film approximately 110 nm thick very effectively preserves the integrity of the metallization on shallow junctions up to 30 min annealing at 750°C in vacuum. (The Au‐Si eutectic is at 360°C). At that temperature small openings appear in the Au overlayer which do not, however, affect the electrical characteristics of the diodes. Destructive metallurgical interactions occur at higher temperatures causing a shorting of the shallow junction diodes.
Chitosan Biopolymer Schiff Base: Preparation, Characterization, Optical, and Antibacterial Activity (2013)

Abstract Natural biopolymer used for hydrogels has attracted increasing attention in the multifaceted areas of biomedical science and engineering. The authors prepared chitosan biopolymer Schiff base by solvent exchange method using a simple aliphatic crosslinker, crotanaldehyde. The identity of Schiff base was confirmed by UV-vis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The chitosan Schiff base was evaluated by XRD, TGA, DSC, and SEM. The microbiological screening results demonstrated the antibacterial activity of Schiff base against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. These results suggest that the newly prepared Schiff base may open a new perspective in biomedical applications. Keywords: Antibacterial studybiomedical applicationchitosancrotanaldehydeschiff basesolvent exchange Acknowledgment This paper was supported by Konkuk University in 2013.