gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Superheated Steam Drying Technology in an Ethanol Production Process (2010)

Superheated steam drying (SHSD) is a process that uses steam heated beyond its boiling point, in lieu of air, in a direct contact dryer to remove moisture from the wet material. Moisture removed in the form of superheated steam is readily condensed to provide heat for other applications and to recover the liquid water. A SHSD model was developed in Aspen Plus to determine energy and water recovery for drying the co-products, distillers wet grains (DWG) or DWG and syrup, in a corn ethanol plant. The SHSD model was integrated into a biomass integrated gasification combined cycle (BIGCC) model to produce heat and generate power at an ethanol plant. Results were compared to estimates for a steam tube dryer (STD), which uses air to remove moisture. Energy consumed for the SHSD ranged from 760 to 805 kJ/kg of water removed, and 1.3 liters of water was recovered per liter of ethanol produced. Energy consumption for the STD was 2660 to 2690 kJ/kg of water removed with no water recovery. However, using superheated steam drying with a BIGCC system to provide heat and power at a fuel ethanol plant resulted in lower thermal efficiency and less power to the grid than steam tube drying because the more efficient drying process provided a smaller heat sink in which to discharge the waste heat from the power generation cycle.
Joint Event Extraction via Recurrent Neural Networks (2016)

Event extraction is a particularly challenging problem in information extraction. The stateof-the-art models for this problem have either applied convolutional neural networks in a pipelined framework The former is able to learn hidden feature representations automatically from data based on the continuous and generalized representations of words. The latter, on the other hand, is capable of mitigating the error propagation problem of the pipelined approach and exploiting the inter-dependencies between event triggers and argument roles via discrete structures. In this work, we propose to do event extraction in a joint framework with bidirectional recurrent neural networks, thereby benefiting from the advantages of the two models as well as addressing issues inherent in the existing approaches. We systematically investigate different memory features for the joint model and demonstrate that the proposed model achieves the state-of-the-art performance on the ACE 2005 dataset.
USE OF A NEW POLYBUTILATE-COATED POLYESTER SUTURE IN CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY (1977)

Polybutilate coated polyester (Dacron) sutures were evaluated in a variety of cardiovascular procedures performed on 117 patients. The age range was from 6 months to 88 years, and long-term follow-up was available in 100 patients. The most frequently sutured tissues were those of the aorta, atrium, fascia and pericardium. Suture sizes ranged from 1-0 through 5-0, the most common being 3-0. There were no suture related complications, and the performance was found to be superior to non-coated polyester sutures and other forms of coated sutures. Favorable characteristics were: 1) ease of passage through tissue, especially through prosthetic materials; 2) ease of tying, 3) increased knot security; and 4) better handling characteristics in general. Because of the firm bonding of polybutilate with the polyester suture, flaking (minute amounts of the coating which become dislodged) and suture drag characteristics of other coated polyester sutures were not experienced.
Spatial-Temporal Correlation Properties of the 3GPP Spatial Channel Model and the Kronecker MIMO Channel Model (2007)

The performance of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems is greatly influenced by the spatial-temporal correlation properties of the underlying MIMO channels. This paper investigates the spatial-temporal correlation characteristics of the spatial channel model (SCM) in the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and the Kronecker-based stochastic model (KBSM) at three levels, namely, the cluster level, link level, and system level. The KBSM has both the spatial separability and spatial-temporal separability at all the three levels. The spatial-temporal separability is observed for the SCM only at the system level, but not at the cluster and link levels. The SCM shows the spatial separability at the link and system levels, but not at the cluster level since its spatial correlation is related to the joint distribution of the angle of arrival (AoA) and angle of departure (AoD). The KBSM with the Gaussian-shaped power azimuth spectrum (PAS) is found to fit best the 3GPP SCM in terms of the spatial correlations. Despite its simplicity and analytical tractability, the KBSM is restricted to model only the average spatial-temporal behavior of MIMO channels. The SCM provides more insights of the variations of different MIMO channel realizations, but the implementation complexity is relatively high.
Solventless hybrid grafting of antimicrobial polymers for self-sterilizing surfaces (2011)

Self-sterilizing surfaces were created using a single-step solventless grafting method. The grafting process was conducted by vapor deposition of a crosslinked poly(dimethylaminomethyl styrene-co-ethylene glycol diacrylate) (P(DMAMS-co-EGDA)) prime layer, followed by in situ grafting of poly(dimethylaminomethyl styrene) (PDMAMS) from the reactive sites of the prime layer. The hybrid coating allows both strong binding with the substrate and enriched bactericidal functionality on the surface. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) observation revealed dense granular structures on the coating surface at the initial stage of grafting and larger domains as the grafting proceeded. Live/dead viability assay showed disruption of bacterial membranes upon surface contact with the grafted coating. The hybrid grafted coating of P(DMAMS-co-EGDA)-g-PDMAMS had more than 99% bacterial killing against both Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis. The grafted coating exhibited durable bactericidal efficacy after continuous washing.
Dopamine and octopamine differentiate between aversive and appetitive olfactory memories in Drosophila. (2003)

The catecholamines play a major role in the regulation of behavior. Here we investigate, in the fly Drosophila melanogaster, the role of dopamine and octopamine (the presumed arthropod homolog of norepinephrine) during the formation of appetitive and aversive olfactory memories. We find that for the formation of both types of memories, cAMP signaling is necessary and sufficient within the same subpopulation of mushroom-body intrinsic neurons. On the other hand, memory formation can be distinguished by the requirement for different catecholamines, dopamine for aversive and octopamine for appetitive conditioning. Our results suggest that in associative conditioning, different memories are formed of the same odor under different circumstances, and that they are linked to the respective motivational systems by their specific modulatory pathways.
Bounds on revenue distributions in counterfactual auctions with reserve prices (2011)

Measuring auction revenues under counterfactual reserve prices or formats requires knowledge of distributions of bidders' values and private signals. This poses a challenge when bids are observed from first‐price, common‐value auctions. I bound counterfactual revenue distributions without imposing parametric restrictions on the model structure. Using data from U.S. municipal bond auctions, I find first‐price and second‐price auctions under optimal reserve prices lead to little improvement in revenues over existing first‐price formats. The number of bidders has a more significant impact on revenues in optimal auctions. I also find invoking an incorrect assumption of private values in counterfactual analyses results in small errors in predicting revenues from optimal second‐price auctions.
Testing: (1988)

Written tests have become increasingly important to social workers, as they have to other professions, with their use to establish minimum qualification for licensing and certification. The research reported here challenges the validity of the current entrylevel licensing test for social workers. This article reports that the written test for social work licensure falls short in measuring knowledge unique to the profession; furthermore, there is not a demonstrated relationship between passing a written examination and practice competence.
Plasma Membrane Proteomics of Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines Identifies Potential Targets for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment (2014)

The use of broad spectrum chemotherapeutic agents to treat breast cancer results in substantial and debilitating side effects, necessitating the development of targeted therapies to limit tumor proliferation and prevent metastasis. In recent years, the list of approved targeted therapies has expanded, and it includes both monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors that interfere with key proteins involved in the uncontrolled growth and migration of cancer cells. The targeting of plasma membrane proteins has been most successful to date, and this is reflected in the large representation of these proteins as targets of newer therapies. In view of these facts, experiments were designed to investigate the plasma membrane proteome of a variety of human breast cancer cell lines representing hormone-responsive, ErbB2 over-expressing and triple negative cell types, as well as a benign control. Plasma membranes were isolated by using an aqueous two-phase system, and the resulting proteins were subjected to mass spectrometry analysis. Overall, each of the cell lines expressed some unique proteins, and a number of proteins were expressed in multiple cell lines, but in patterns that did not always follow traditional clinical definitions of breast cancer type. From our data, it can be deduced that most cancer cells possess multiple strategies to promote uncontrolled growth, reflected in aberrant expression of tyrosine kinases, cellular adhesion molecules, and structural proteins. Our data set provides a very rich and complex picture of plasma membrane proteins present on breast cancer cells, and the sorting and categorizing of this data provides interesting insights into the biology, classification, and potential treatment of this prevalent and debilitating disease.
Tracking trainees to success (2009)

The Fogarty International Center (FIC) is a pioneer in the arena of global health research capacity development. Over two decades, FIC funded training programs have generated thousands of scientists that are currently leaders in health research around the world. Despite these successes, FIC doesn't have a systematic way to track its trainees and measure the impact of its training on the research capacity of the trainee's country. To address this issue, FIC developed an innovative Web-based trainee tracking tool - CareerTrac. The goal of this system is to create a complete trainee roster for all FIC research training programs and to monitor outputs, outcomes and impacts of FIC international trainees.
User Data Package for Implementation of Electrolytic Recovery Technology in Navy Electroplating Shops. (1995)

Abstract : In FY94 the Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center (NFESC) completed tests on three electrolytic recovery systems used for the recovery of metals and destruction of cyanide from electroplating wastewaters. Field testing and evaluation was conducted at NSY Norfolk, NAWC Indianapolis, and NADEP Cherry Pt. for five metal recovery applications: silver cyanide, copper cyanide, acid copper, electroless nickel, and tin-lead fluoborate. Advanced design features for metal recovery, including enhanced fluidized circulation, specialized oxidizing anodes, and high porous surface area cathodes were evaluated to optimize performance. NFESC demonstrated that electrolytic recovery systems can be adapted for effective use in the Navy plating operations where production is often sporadic as contrasted to industrial plating processes. The electrolytic recovery units removed metal ions from the rinsewater to below 1 ppm for each application. Electrowinning, as an alternative technology, can reduce industrial waste treatment costs and hazardous sludge generated from conventional treatment This User Data Package (UDP) covers the design, operational and maintenance requirements for these electrolytic systems. This UDP will be applicable to small Navy plating shops where closed-loop waste recycling and point source minimization is necessary for environmental compliance and cost competitiveness. jg p
Role of Naturally Occurring Basic Amino Acid Substitutions in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype E Envelope V3 Loop on Viral Coreceptor Usage and Cell Tropism (1999)

To assess the role of naturally occurring basic amino acid substitutions in the V3 loop of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype E on viral coreceptor usage and cell tropism, we have constructed a panel of chimeric viruses with mutant V3 loops of HIV-1 subtype E in the genetic background of HIV-1LAI. The arginine substitutions naturally occurring at positions 8, 11, and 18 of the V3 loop in an HIV-1 subtype E X4 strain were systematically introduced into that of an R5 strain to generate a series of V3 loop mutant chimera. These chimeric viruses were employed in virus infectivity assays using HOS-CD4 cells expressing either CCR5 or CXCR4, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, T-cell lines, or macrophages. The arginine substitution at position 11 of the V3 loop uniformly caused the loss of infectivity in HOS-CD4-CCR5 cells, indicating that position 11 is critical for utilization of CCR5. CXCR4 usage was conferred by a minimum of two arginine substitutions, regardless of combination, whereas arginine substitutions at position 8 and 11 were required for T-cell line tropism. Nonetheless, macrophage tropism was not conferred by the V3 loop of subtype E R5 strain per se. We found that the specific combinations of amino acid changes in HIV-1 subtype E env V3 loop are critical for determining viral coreceptor usage and cell tropism. However, the ability to infect HOS-CD4 cells through either CXCR4 or CCR5 is not necessarily correlated with T-cell or macrophage tropism, suggesting that cellular tropism is not dictated solely by viral coreceptor utilization.
Research on Tax Collection and Management of Internet Finance --Illustrated by the Example of P2P Online Lending Platform (2019)

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) online lending platform is an important field for Internet Finance tax administration. In this paper, a series of related problems are brought out, including laws and regulations lagging behind economic development, weak consciousness of individual self-declaration, opaque data on P2P platforms, difficulty in defining regulatory bodies, and irregular accounting procedure. To this end, the researchers put forward following suggestions: establishing a sound real-name transaction system and registration system; establishing an information-sharing mechanism with financial regulatory agencies and credit rating agencies; defining P2P online lending platforms as individual income tax withholding agents; standardizing the accounting procedure of the platforms’ current funds; applying the blockchain technology to electronic invoice management.
The Emerging Knowledge Management Approach and Educational Organizations (2000)

An evolving digital nervous system now connects an exponentially growing network of individual human beings. This infrastructure has enabled organizations to cultivate the renewable and self‐generating economic resource of human capital. Organizations are beginning to see how technology can increase the intellectual assets of the knowledge workers using it. Industry and education are both shifting from an industrial economy and workforce to that of a knowledge economy staffed by knowledge workers.
A compact polarization diversity MIMO microstrip patch antenna array with dual slant polarizations (2009)

A polarization diversity MIMO microstrip antenna array is designed to give a solution for a WiMAX base station antenna of wideband, dual slant ±45° polarization, low cross polarization, high gain and isolation. The fabricated antenna with compact structure based on the design has gains of 12.3dBi–14.81dBi in the whole working band, isolation of 18dB above, cross polarization less than −13.5dB. Measured results show that they are in good agreement with the simulated ones.
Electrochemically generated tungsten‐based active species as catalysts for metathesis‐related reactions: 1. Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization of 1,9‐decadiene (2002)

Abstract The application of the WCl 6 –e − –Al–CH 2 Cl 2 system to acyclic diene metathesis polymerization of 1,9‐decadiene is reported. The polyoctenamer formed is of a weight‐average molecular weight of 9000 with a polydispersity of 1.92. IR and NMR spectral analyses indicate the retention of the double bonds in the polymer structure with high trans content as expected from a step condensation reaction. This relatively stable catalytic system, however, also activates the competing vinyl addition reactions while being inactive in ring‐closure metathesis reactions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Welding Defect Detection and Classification Using Geometric Features (2012)

In this paper we present a welding defect detection system using radiographic images. Main goal is to craft a dependable system because a human evaluator is not a stable evaluator besides other humanoid constraints. We present a novel technique for the detection and classification of weld defects by means of geometric features. Firstly noise reduction is done as radiographic images contain noise due to several effects. After this we tend to localize defects with maximum interclass variance and minimum intra class variance. Further we move towards extracting features describing the shape of localized objects in segmented images. Using these shape descriptors (geometric features) we classify the defects by Artificial Neural Network.
[Regulators of angiogenesis]. (1996)

Endothelial cells lining the lumen of vessels are maintained in the quiescent state and play important physiological roles. Yet, they can be de-differentiated and become one of the most rapidly proliferating of all cell types when stimulated. Angiogenesis or neovascularization is defined as the formation of new capillary vessels from existent microvessels, which plays a major role in the evolvement of a vascular supply in tissue during development or remodeling and disease. Angiogenesis is believed to be regulated by the balance between inducers and inhibitors. In this review article, I will summarize the molecules that regulate the process of angiogenesis.
The synthetic versatility of oxazolidinethiones (2007)

Different methods for the preparation of oxazolidinethiones and their more recent applications are reviewed. In this review, novel rearrangements and new reactions have also been summarized which for their homologous oxazolidinones have not been observed. The principal application of oxazolidinethiones has been as chiral auxiliaries in asymmetric aldol addition reactions for the obtention of chiral fragments containing one or two stereogenic centres with the stereochemistry required for the preparation of complex natural products.
One teacher's response to literacy learning and teaching using technology (2010)

The federal government’s pledge for increased access to computers for students has been held up as groundbreaking reform as digital schools become a reality for more students. However, access to technology remains uneven across schools, student competency levels differ and teacher expertise varies considerably. Incorporating new technologies such as laptops, wireless connectivity, smartboards and mobile communication devices into interactive practices frequently requires rethinking configurations of curriculum, bodies and space. Teachers are experts in pedagogy, but not necessarily in technology. It is vital that teachers are acknowledged for the considerable knowledge they have about their profession – what constitutes ‘good’ pedagogy, the nature of learning and ways to engage students in the classroom. While there appears an ever-increasing range of technologies to incorporate within classroom learning experiences, many teachers know technology use alone is not a substitute for good practice. As such, it is important that teachers articulate clear reasons and purposes for technology integration in connection with curriculum goals and student learning gains. This paper reports on the initial stages of one project aimed at supporting teachers to do so. It explores teaching practices in the literacy session of one teacher as we: • identify and describe practices for the integration of new technologies in literacy pedagogy; • begin to examine teacher and student activity in these teaching practices; • consider the theoretical underpinnings of such practices. This paper was first presented at the 'Bridging Divides: ensuring access, equity and quality in literacy and English education' conference, 9-12 July 2009.
Severe Preeclampsia: Obstetric Critical Care Unit of "Hospital General De México" Experience During 2014 (2015)

Background: Preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal mortality, which physiopathology includes neurological, hemodynamics, renal, hepatic and hematological impairment such as important fetal compromise. The only definitive treatment is the pregnancy interruption, and the primary objectives are to define the moment and interruption manner.

	The protocol of treatment in Obstetric Critical Care Unit of “Hospital General de Mexico” (UCIGO) is based in three pillars:

	
		Plasmatic volume expansion,
	
		Bringing down the systemic vascular resistances and
	
		Organ specific protection.


	The objective of this paper is to describe the experience in severe preeclampsia in UCIGO during the period January 01, 2014 - January 01, 2015.

	Results: During the study period 154 patients were included with diagnoses of severe preeclampsia; it is worth mentioning that only there was one maternal death, with a mortality of 0.65%. There was not any fetal loss related to severe preeclampsia.

	Conclusion: The UCIGO has the Obstetric Critical Care Program, with the endorsement of the National Autonomous University of Mexico. This novel specialty is oriented to treat the physiopathological acute alterations that threaten life, in pregnant women with diseases or unfavorable obstetric events.
Changes in Quality Characteristics of Kochujang Prepared with Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus licheniformis and Saccharomyces rouxii during Fermentation (1999)

Quality characteristics of 3 kinds of kochujang were investigated during 6 months of fermentation in order to improve the quality of industrial kochujang to that of traditional one. Three different kinds of kochujang were prepared using Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus oryzae plus Bacillus licheniformis and Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus licheniformis plus Saccharomyces rouxii. Kochujang prepared with all three microorganisms contained lesser amounts of free sugar than the other preparations and glucose was the most abundant free sugar found. Ethanol was the most abundant amount among alcohols in kochujang. Kochujang prepared with A. oryzae, B. licheniformis plus S. rouxii has more amino nitrogen content than that prepared with A. oryzae only. Capsaicin contents of kochujang decreased slightly in all three kochujang, but there was no significant differences. The results of sensory evaluation showed statistically significant difference among three samples and panel members preferred the taste and flavor of kochujang prepared with all three microorganisms to those of the other samples.