gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A phylogenetic analysis of Bacillus thuringiensis serovars by RFLP-based ribotyping (2001)

This study contributes a further step to the definition of valid taxonomic sublevels for the B. thuringiensis species.
Event Classification and Filtering of False Alarms in Wireless Sensor Networks (2008)

In this paper the classification of discrete events, computed on tiny wireless sensor nodes, is investigated. Three different classifiers are evaluated: a Bayesian classifier, a fuzzy logic controller (FLC), and a neural network approach. The target applications pose several requirements on the classifiers. No a priori knowledge about the event classes is available. Events are only observable as collections of raw sensor data. Accordingly, event classes need to be learned from that raw (training) data. As a consequence, pre-labeling of the events is not possible either. In our work, event classes are learned by a k-means clustering algorithm. Any subsequent classifier training is based on these extracted event classes. Thus, the resulting classifiers are completely self-learning. Event classes are learned from emitted signal strength estimations, which are collected and processed by dynamically established tracking groups. The resulting event estimates are reported to a base station, where the classifiers are trained. The learned classifier parameters are then downloaded onto the sensor nodes, where any subsequent classification and filtering is performed.
α-melanocyte stimulating hormone and its analogue nle4dphe7α-MSH affect morphology, tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis in cultured human melanocytes (1994)

Although melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) peptides are known to stimulate pigmentation in man, previous reports suggest that human melanocytes are relatively unresponsive to these peptides in vitro. This may be related to the conditions under which the melanocytes were cultured. Thus, we have re-investigated the in vitro effects of MSH peptides using human melanocytes cultured in the absence of artificial mitogens. Human melanocytes were incubated with alpha-MSH or its potent analogue Nle4Dphe7 alpha-MSH for 3 days. After 18 hours, melanocyte morphology had evolved from mainly bipolar to dendritic in approximately 66% of cultures. Nle4DPhe7 alpha-MSH produced dose-related increases in both tyrosinase activity and melanin content although the degree of response was variable and tyrosinase activity was the relatively more responsive to the peptide. Similar results were obtained with alpha-MSH, but, although the effect on melanin content was similar to that of Nle4DPhe7 alpha-MSH, the effect on tyrosinase activity was less marked. The preliminary EC50 values for the actions of the MSH peptides suggest that they may be equipotent in their actions on human melanocytes. In addition, we have demonstrated that the common melanocyte mitogens 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and cholera toxin affect basal melanogenesis and modulate the effects of the MSH peptides. However, not all melanocyte cultures showed melanogenic responses to the MSH peptides. Ability to respond was unrelated to basal levels of tyrosinase activity or melanin content. In at least some cultures, morphological and melanogenic responses appear to be independent of one another.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effects of primary suture and fibrin sealant on hemostasis and liver regeneration in an experimental liver injury (2008)

Out data suggest that fibrin sealant is preferred over primary suture in appropriate cases including liver trauma since it causes less intra-abdominal adhesions while allowing shorter hemostasis time as assessed in experimental liver trauma.
Using membrane technology to minimize wastewater (1998)

As society moves into the new millennium, waste reduction from all types of manufacturing--from chemical and food production to heavy industrial machining, plating and stamping operations--will be a major focus of many CEOs, environmental engineers and waste treatment operators. The holy grail has been and will continue to be zero discharge. However, no matter what the scope of a company`s wastewater abatement program, membrane technology is likely to play a major role in achieving the objectives. The variety of membrane types and platforms to configure them makes membrane technology a prime candidate for wastewater abatement and resource recovery. However, wastewater is variable in nature and volume, so efforts using membrane technology to resolve wastewater problems must be carefully bench-, pilot- and field-tested to ensure the success of the scale-up systems.
The effect of enteral feedings supplemented with pectin on the healing of colonic anastomoses in the rat. (1986)

The effect of the addition of pectin to an elemental diet on the healing of experimental colonic anastomoses was investigated. Transection and anastomosis of the ascending colon and feeding gastrostomy were performed in 24 Sprague-Dawley rats. All rats then received an elemental diet, and 12 of them had 1% (w/v) citrus pectin added to their diet. On the seventh postoperative day, animals that received pectin-supplemented diets had significantly greater bursting pressures at the anastomoses (266 versus 234 mm Hg, p less than 0.04) and significantly lower colonic mucosal pH (6.2 versus 6.8, p less than 0.001) than animals that received the elemental diet only. The colons from animals fed pectin also had significantly higher hydroxyproline content at the anastomosis than those of the control animals (46.6 versus 40.7 micrograms hydroxyproline nitrogen/mg tissue nitrogen, p less than 0.05). The decreased intracolonic pH is consistent with the hypothesis that improved healing is a local effect mediated by the presence of short-chain fatty acids resulting from the fermentation of pectin.
A Strategy for Anisotropic P-Wave Prestack Imaging (2002)

F-42 A STRATEGY FOR ANISOTROPIC P-WAVE PRESTACK IMAGING Summary The prestack depth imaging process has been and is continuously evolving with the goal of accurately position the seismic events in space. To achieve this goal the prestack imaging process should account for anisotropy. If the presence of anisotropy is important then ignoring it will have a significant impact in the final imaging accuracy. In this paper we restrict our discussion to vertical transverse isotropy (VTI) or polar anisotropy. 1 We propose a strategy that combines anisotropic prestack time and depth imaging. The strategy consists of a prestack time migration for
Transmission of bovine virus diarrhoea virus by blood feeding flies (1991)

Three species of blood-feeding flies (Stomoxys calcitrans, Haematopota pluvialis and Hydrotaea irritans) were fed for five minutes on a bullock persistently infected with bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) containing 10(4.5)TCID50 non-cytopathic BVDV/ml serum, then subsequently fed on BVDV-free seronegative animals maintained in isolation. Virus was isolated from recipient animals between days 5 and 10 using H pluvialis, and up to 72 hours after transmission with S calcitrans; virus isolation was negative using H irritans. Positive seroconversion results obtained with H pluvialis gave a steadily increasing antibody titre. BVDV was recovered from flies 96 hours (four days) after an infective feed for H pluvialis and S calcitrans, but for two hours only for H irritans.
Representation of continuous circular aperture as a set of discrete rings for a prescribed radiation pattern (1991)

A method for discretization of a circular aperture with a set of rings which are further discretized as a set of elements on a ring is outlined. These elements have the same current magnitudes. For practical reasons the authors have only concentrated on the near side lobes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Protein folding and stability: the pathway of folding of barnase (1993)

The pathway of folding of a protein will be completely solved when the structures and energetics of the initial unfolded states, all folding intermediates, all transition states and the final folded state, have been determined. The ultimate goal is to analyse, at the detail of individual residues, the non-covalent interactions that are primarily responsible for dictating secondary and tertiary structure. Until recently, the tools for tackling such a daunting task were quite inadequate, but recent developments in NMR and protein engineering have made it possible to determine crucial features in the folding process. It now seems feasible that sufficient experimental detail will be obtained to provide general principles that govern protein folding and provide the basis for its rigorous theoretical analysis. This lecture will outline the progress and prospects in attainment of the goals as applied to the small ribonuclease, barnase.
Improvement of Field Uniformity between Multiple Mobile Phones in a Shield Box (2017)

In this paper, during radio-frequency performance testing in a shield box, the non-uniform electric field distribution between multiple mobile phones is examined by numerical simulation, and two ways to improve the field uniformity among mobile phones under test are proposed. The results demonstrate that the proposed methods can greatly improve the field uniformity.
A Self-Organizing Approach to Background Subtraction for Visual Surveillance Applications (2008)

Detection of moving objects in video streams is the first relevant step of information extraction in many computer vision applications. Aside from the intrinsic usefulness of being able to segment video streams into moving and background components, detecting moving objects provides a focus of attention for recognition, classification, and activity analysis, making these later steps more efficient. We propose an approach based on self organization through artificial neural networks, widely applied in human image processing systems and more generally in cognitive science. The proposed approach can handle scenes containing moving backgrounds, gradual illumination variations and camouflage, has no bootstrapping limitations, can include into the background model shadows cast by moving objects, and achieves robust detection for different types of videos taken with stationary cameras. We compare our method with other modeling techniques and report experimental results, both in terms of detection accuracy and in terms of processing speed, for color video sequences that represent typical situations critical for video surveillance systems.
Temporal Bone Fractures in Children (1992)

A 10-year retrospective study of pediatric basilar skull fractures identified 120 patients with temporal bone fractures, of which 92 had otolaryngologic and audiologic evaluations. The otologic data provide documentation of the nature, common physical findings, complications, and management of these fractures. The prognosis of hearing impairment in children caused by temporal bone fractures is elucidated, as 76 of the 92 patients were available for long-term follow-up. Close interaction between involved services evaluating and treating pediatric trauma cases is mandatory for optimal patient outcome. A literature review of the presentation, complications, and management of pediatric temporal bone fractures is presented.
Interaction between ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activity and the ammonia assimilatory system of Rhodobacter sphaeroides (1992)

The levels of form I and form II ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides were found to depend on the concentration of ammonia supplied to photolithoautotrophically grown cultures. Under conditions in which the cells rapidly depleted the available ammonia, the level of in situ RubisCO activity decreased to less than 5% maximum activity; even at its maximum level under these conditions, the RubisCO activity was only 5% of the activity obtained from cultures supplied with saturating levels of ammonia. When cells were incubated with somewhat higher but not saturating amounts of ammonia, in situ RubisCO activity decreased immediately after the cells depleted the cultures of ammonia. The decrease in activity was not due to any detectable degradation of RubisCO protein, indicative of some mechanism to regulate the activity of the enzyme in response to the intracellular levels of assimilated ammonia. Furthermore, under conditions optimum for RubisCO inactivation, in situ RubisCO activity in permeabilized whole cells greatly exceeded the levels of enzymatic activity determined in vitro in cell extracts. Blockage of ammonia assimilation by inhibition of glutamine synthetase with methionine sulfoximine prevented the recovery of form I RubisCO from pyruvate-mediated inactivation, suggesting the presence of regulatory mechanisms common to both CO2 fixation and ammonia assimilation.
Arc-Sprayed Metals for Structural Electromagnetic Shielding. (1982)

Electromagnetic shielding tests of small samples (2 ft by 4 ft or 0.61 m by 1.22 m) of arc-sprayed metals on typical construction materials were conducted to determine the feasibility of using arc-spray technology to provide a low-cost method of shielded construction. Test results indicate that such panels can provide significant shielding and that this technology may be useful for applications having a low shielding requirement. In an additional study, it was determined that arc-spraying of leaky seams of conventional modular shielded construction can provide increased electromagnetic shielding. (Author)
Properties of light-emitting porous silicon photoetched in aqueous HF∕FeCl3 solution (2007)

The formation of yellow-light-emitting porous silicon (PSi) layers in a HF solution with adding an oxidizing agent FeCl3 is presented. The PSi layers are formed by photoetching under Xe lamp illumination. The photoluminescence (PL) intensity is strongly dependent on the FeCl3 concentration and shows a maximum at x∼25 wt % [50 wt % HF:(x wt % FeCl3 in H2O)=1:1]. The surface topography as characterized by atomic force microscopy reveals features on the order of 20−100 nm with a root-mean-squares roughness of ≤2 nm. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy shows a new absorption peak at ∼1100 cm−1, which is assigned to the surface oxide stretching mode and grows larger with increasing etching time. The stain etched samples also show PL emission, but they are synthesized only at higher x concentrations (≥20 wt %). The PSi formation mechanism can be explained with the aid of a surface energy-band diagram of n-type silicon in the HF∕FeCl3 electrolyte.
Airway deposition and airway effects of antiasthma drugs delivered from metered-dose inhalers (1997)

Many different metered-dose inhalation devices are becoming available for the treatment of airway diseases. Each of these inhalers differs in its delivery characteristics. An assessment of the efficacy of drug delivery by these inhalers is essential, in view of their therapeutic use. A review of the literature on the relationship between airway deposition and airway effects of drugs delivered from metered-dose inhalers is presented. Nebulizers or spacers are not discussed. The effect of an inhaler depends on the characteristics of the inhaler and the inhalation manoeuvre performed by the patient. This review focuses on the influence of inhaler characteristics on the airway deposition and airway effects. Data from several studies show that there is a significant relationship between the amount of drug deposited in the airways and the airway effects of the drug. Studies on the relationship between airway deposition and airway effect have been troubled by methodological problems, such as the absence of multiple dose comparisons and the difficulty in obtaining steep dose-response curves. The techniques for measuring airway deposition of inhaled drugs, namely the scintigraphic and the pharmacokinetic method, are discussed and compared. The appropriate use of these techniques can help to define and compare the drug delivery characteristics of different devices, thus enabling inhaled therapy to be optimized.
Revisiting dandruff (2006)

Dandruff is a common scalp disorder affecting almost half of the postpubertal population of any ethnicity and both genders. It may, however, represent a stubborn esthetical disturbance often source of pruritus. Skin biocenosis, in particular the Malassezia spp. flora, plays a key aetiologic role, in combination with the unusual capacity of some corneocytes to be coated by these yeasts. Substantial evidence indicates that keratinocytes play an active role in the generation and expression of immunopathological reactions. This is probably the case in dandruff. Upon stimulation of a critical colonization of corneocytes by Malassezia yeasts, the release of pro-inflammatory mediators is increased. This could lead to the subclinical microinflammation present in dandruff. In seborrheic dermatitis, local deposits of immunoglobulins and the release of lymphokines are responsible for the recruitment and local activation of leukocytes leading to the eventual amplification of the inflammatory reaction. Some ancillary non-microbial causes of dandruff may operate through physical or chemical irritants. Many methods have been described for rating dandruff. Our favourite tools are clinical examination and squamometry. Dandruff can precipitate telogen effluvium and exacerbate androgenic alopecia. Antidandruff formulations exhibiting some direct or indirect anti-inflammatory activity can improve both dandruff and its subsequent hair cycle disturbance.
Hatching Behavior of the Bobwhite (1969)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
The Optical Properties of Some Azo Pigments (1963)

Crystals of a number of azo pigments have been prepared by suitable recrystallisation methods, of sufficient size (about 200 μ) for light transmission and refractive index measurements to be made on them. The respective measurements were made with a specially designed microspectrophotometer and by a combination of immersion and retardation methods. X‐ray diffraction photographs showed that the crystal structure had not been changed by recrystallisation. In all cases the pigment crystals were birefringent and had very different absorption curves for polarised light travelling in the slow and in the fast directions in the crystal, resulting in considerable colour differences. This explains why the particle‐size distribution of different samples of such pigments must be very closely similar if dispersions of them are to display the same colour to the eye. It also follows from the high refractive indices found in some instances that these pigments must contribute considerably to the opacity of films in which they are dispersed.
Low Complexity Tri-Level Sampling Receiver Design for UWB Time-of-Arrival Estimation (2011)

In this paper, the effect of finite-level quantization on UWB time-of-arrival (TOA) estimation is investigated. The scheme of optimized quantization threshold combined with the post-quantization processing is derived, which is shown to provide satisfactory gains in the system performance. The TOA estimation errors of several low-resolution sampling approaches are compared via Monte Carlo simulation, where the tri-level quantizer is of particular interest due to its simplicity and capability. We demonstrate that the tri-level sampling receiver, with use of the proposed scheme provides an outstanding performance in TOA estimation with an affordable cost and low complexity.
MULTIPLE CRITERIA DYNAMIC SPATIAL OPTIMIZATION TO MANAGE WATER QUALITY ON A WATERSHED SCALE (2000)

This article develops a dynamic spatial optimization algorithm for watershed modeling that reducesdimensionality and incorporates multiple objectives. Spatial optimization methods, which include spatially linear andnonlinear formulations, are applied to an experimental watershed and tested against a full enumeration frontier. Theintegrated algorithm includes biophysical simulation and economic decision-making within a geographic informationsystem. It was observed that it is possible to achieve economic and water quality objectives in a watershed by spatiallyoptimizing site-specific practices. It was observed that a spatially diversified watershed plan could achieve multiple goalsin a watershed. The algorithm can be used to develop efficient policies towards environmental management of watershedsto address water quality issues by identifying optimal tradeoffs across objectives.
A Critical Review of the Solvent-Based Heavy Oil Recovery Methods (2014)

Abstract Thermal-based heavy oil recovery methods, which are exemplified by steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD), have been successfully used in a number of field applications to enhance heavy oil recovery over three decades. However, there are several major technical issues associated with the thermal-based methods, such as large energy and water consumptions, extensive heat losses and expensive water treatment, as well as considerable greenhouse gas emissions. Thus the thermal-based methods are not suitable for many heavy oil reservoirs with thin pay zones, bottom water, gas caps, and low rock thermal conductivities due to economic constraints and environmental concerns. Alternatively, the solvent-based heavy oil recovery methods are considered. This paper provides a critical review of several solvent-based methods by conducting a comprehensive literature search of over 100 most recent and significant technical publications. First, the basic idea and technical development of each solvent-based heavy oil recovery method are briefly introduced. The advantages of solvent-based methods are stressed. Second, solvent-based methods are classified and each method is described. Third, a large number of experimental, theoretical and numerical studies of solvent-based methods are reviewed, from physical and theoretical modeling to numerical simulations. In particular, the heavy oil recovery mechanisms, phase behaviour and mass transfer of the heavy oil–solvent systems are examined in detail. A few important factors or major phenomena as well as their effects on the solvent-based methods are analyzed, which include the operating conditions (i.e., pressure and temperature), well configuration, solvent-induced asphaltene precipitation, interfacial tension (IFT), and viscous fingering. Most importantly, a total of six pilot tests or field applications of solvent-based methods, such as vapour extraction (VAPEX), liquid addition to steam to enhance recovery (LASER), and other hybrid steam–solvent processes, are evaluated. Finally, several major technical recommendations are made accordingly for future studies and developments of solvent-based heavy oil recovery methods and their potential variations. This updated technical review will help to better understand the solvent-based heavy oil recovery processes and guide a heavy oil producer to better design a solvent-based heavy oil recovery project.
Well testing in heterogeneous formations. (1988)

Reservoir Properties and Well Test Design. Flow To a Well in a Homogeneous Formation Confined Vertically. Pressure Drawdown for a Well Producing at a Variable Rate. Single-Well Pressure Buildup Analysis. Pressure Response in Reservoirs with Lateral Heterogeneities. Pressure Response in Reservoirs Overlain by a Gas Cap. Flow to a Well in a Stratified Reservoir. Flow to a Well in a Naturally Fractured Reservoir. Index.