gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Some Measurements of Gamma-Ray Energies (1948)

To examine the possibility that some radio-isotopes which have been considered to decay by $K$-capture do in part decay with the emission of very slow positrons careful measurements of the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-rays emitted by two of them have been made. Preliminary measurements were made of the $F$ and $I$ lines of ThB as a check on the spectrometer used. Also the annihilation radiation line of ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{64}$ was measured to establish its shape and position. In the course of this, good evidence was found for radiation resulting from annihilation while the positron is in flight. The weak high energy gamma-ray previously reported was found and its energy determined to be 1.34\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01 Mev. The $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-radiation of both ${\mathrm{Be}}^{7}$ and ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{51}$ consists of a single line at 485\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5 kev and 320\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5 kev, respectively. No evidence of annihilation radiation was found in either case.
Crystal Growth in the System PbO‐B <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> (1970)

The temperature dependence of the rate of growth of PbO/2B 2 O 3 from lead borate melts with PbO/B 2 O 3 mole ratios of 1/3,1/2, 2/3, and 1 was determined. The maximum growth rates occurred from those melts which contained a slight excess of PbO. The results are explained on the basis of a modification in the structure of the melt in the interfacial zone as the PbO content is changed. Such changes markedly affect the fluidity of the melt, alter the concentration of crystallizable species, and may reduce the driving force for crystallization.
Formation of columnar mesophases by calamitic molecules: a modulated SmA phase in mixtures of amphiphilic and bolaamphiphilic biphenyl derivatives (1997)

Binary mixtures of bolaamphiphilic biphenyl derivatives with each other and with amphiphilic biphenyl derivatives were investigated by means of optical microscopy. The miscibility of the bolaamphiphiles is very sensitive to the molecular length of the components. The SmA phases of bolaamphiphiles with the same length are completely miscible. If the length difference between the two components of the binary system increases, a miscibility gap occurs. Due to their different phase structures (bilayer versus monolayer) no miscibility in the SmA phases was found for amphiphilic and bolaamphiphilic compounds with comparable molecular lengths. However, in some cases a novel mesophase was induced in the contact region. This mesophase was investigated by X-ray diffraction. It represents a two-dimensionally modulated (columnar) phase with a rectangular lattice (Col r), but the local order is similar to that of disordered smectics. Its formation is explained in terms of ribbon structures resulting from the collapse of smectic bilayers, in strong analogy to the antiphases (SmA) of terminally polar calamitic mesogens.
Oxygen Ion Implantation Isolation Planar Process for AlGaN/GaN HEMTs (2007)

A multienergy oxygen ion implantation process was demonstrated to be compatible with the processing of high- power microwave AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). HEMTs that are isolated by this process exhibited gate-lag- and drain-lag-free operation. A maximum output power density of 5.3 W/mm at V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">gs</sub> = -4 V and V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</sub> = 50 V and a maximum power added efficiency of 51.5% at V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">gs</sub> = -4 V and V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</sub> = 30 V at 3 GHz were demonstrated on HEMTs without field plates on sapphire substrate. This isolation process results in planar HEMTs, circumventing potential problems with enhanced gate leakage due to the gate contacting the 2-D electron gas at the mesa sidewall.
Reaction of Formaldoxime with Hydrogen Cyanide. (1967)

Reaction of formaldoxime with hydrogen cyanide yields two compounds (I and II). I is a very unstable new member of the N-cyanoalkylhydroxylamine series, but II is a stable new compound. The structure of II was identified by Infrared and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectra, and the reaction scheme was proposed.
Anti‐stromal treatment together with chemotherapy targets multiple signalling pathways in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (2016)

Stromal targeting for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is rapidly becoming an attractive option, due to the lack of efficacy of standard chemotherapy and increased knowledge about PDAC stroma. We postulated that the addition of stromal therapy may enhance the anti-tumour efficacy of chemotherapy. Gemcitabine and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) were combined in a clinically applicable regimen, to target cancer cells and pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) respectively, in 3D organotypic culture models and genetically engineered mice (LSL-Kras(G12D) (/+) ;LSL-Trp53(R172H) (/+) ;Pdx-1-Cre: KPC mice) representing the spectrum of PDAC. In two distinct sets of organotypic models as well as KPC mice, we demonstrate a reduction in cancer cell proliferation and invasion together with enhanced cancer cell apoptosis when ATRA is combined with gemcitabine, compared to vehicle or either agent alone. Simultaneously, PSC activity (as measured by deposition of extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen and fibronectin) and PSC invasive ability were both diminished in response to combination therapy. These effects were mediated through a range of signalling cascades (Wnt, hedgehog, retinoid, and FGF) in cancer as well as stellate cells, affecting epithelial cellular functions such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cellular polarity, and lumen formation. At the tissue level, this resulted in enhanced tumour necrosis, increased vascularity, and diminished hypoxia. Consequently, there was an overall reduction in tumour size. The enhanced effect of stromal co-targeting (ATRA) alongside chemotherapy (gemcitabine) appears to be mediated by dampening multiple signalling cascades in the tumour-stroma cross-talk, rather than ablating stroma or targeting a single pathway. © 2016 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Outcome After Surgical Resections of Recurrent Chest Wall Sarcomas (2008)

Although chances for local control are lower after surgical treatment of recurrent chest wall sarcoma, chest wall resection is a safe and effective procedure, with an acceptable survival.
Modeling and synthesis of the interdigital/stub composite right/left-handed artificial transmission line (2009)

An efficient design procedure, including both analysis and synthesis, is proposed for Composite Right/Left Handed (CRLH) interdigital/stub structures. Improved models are developed for both the interdigital capacitor and the shorted stub inductor including its ground via hole. Subsequent optimal formulas are recommended to model these components with their parasitic effects. The models and formulas are verified by both full-wave and experimental results. A CAD program with a friendly GUI, available online, is provided and its operation is described in details. This program allows a very fast design of the CRLH structure, and its synthesis parameters are proven very accurate without any full-wave optimization. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2009.
10 Gbit/s, 300 km repeaterless transmissionwith SBS suppression by the use of the RZ format (1994)

The authors have confirmed experimentally that employing the RZ format instead of the NRZ format increases the SBS threshold by ~3 dB. By using the RZ format, we have successfully conducted 10 Gbit/s repeaterless transmission through 300 km of DSF. This is the longest repeaterless transmission at 10 Gbit/s ever reported.
Optical Coherence Tomography: Principles and Applications (2003)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emerging technology for performing high-resolution cross-sectional imaging. OCT is analogous to ultrasound, except that it uses light instead of sound to generate images of tissue with micron-scale resolution. OCT can be used as a type of “optical biopsy, ” because it provides images of tissue pathology in situ and in real time, without the need to excise and process specimens, as it is done in conventional excisional biopsy and histopathology. OCT promises applications in a wide range of clinical situations: to image tissue where standard excisional biopsy is hazardous or impossible, to guide surgical procedures, and to reduce sampling errors associated with excisional biopsy. This article reviews the principles and applications of OCT.
The real-time safety monitoring of railway condition by FBG sensor (2009)

The safety and reliability is very important for railway industry. In this paper we propose a fiber Bragg grating monitoring system on line to realize real-time, fast, distributed measurement of physical quantities such as temperature, strains and vibration of the railway. The fiber Bragg grating sensor can be able to bear high pressure, resistant to corrosion and resist the electromagnetism disturbance, using safety in harmful environment. Furthermore, it can directly measured multiplex physical quantities at various locations using a single unit of FBG by using the technology of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM).
Sensitivity evaluation of global resonant H-tree clock distribution networks (2006)

A sensitivity analysis of resonant H-tree clock distribution networks is presented in this paper for a TSMC 0.18 ?m CMOS technology. The analysis focuses on the effect of the driving buffer output resistance, on-chip inductor and capacitor size, and signal and shielding transmission line width and spacing on the output voltage swing and power consumption. A two level resonant H-tree network exhibits low sensitivity to these variations.
Biosynthesis and polarized distribution of neutral endopeptidase in primary cultures of kidney proximal tubule cells (1994)

When cultured in defined medium, kidney proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) cells form a homogeneous population and retain a number of differentiated functions. To characterize this cell system further as a functional model of epithelial polarity, we investigated the biogenic pathway of neutral endopeptidase (NEP), one of the most abundant microvillar membrane proteins in intestinal and kidney cells. We showed that, in contrast with some tumoral cell lines, RNA extracted from PCT cells shows the presence of a single mRNA species encoding NEP. Pulse-chase studies followed by selective immunoprecipitation of NEP molecules present either at the cell surface or in intracellular cell compartments showed that newly synthesized NEP molecules reached the cell surface as early as 30 min after the beginning of the chase with maximum cell surface expression at 60 min. When grown on semipermeable supports, PCT cells were found to target NEP exclusively to the apical plasma membrane. Similar results have been described using MDCK cells to study targeting of recombinant NEP. Thus primary cultures of PCT cells represent a new model with which to investigate the biogenic pathway of endogenous proteins in native epithelial cells.
Three Dimensional Structure of a Functional Internal Image (1989)

An anti-idiotypic antibody has been characterized that forms a functional internal image of the cell-attachment site of reovirus type 3. This antibody shares sequence similarity with the reovirus type 3 cell attachment protein. Studies utilizing synthetic peptides have shown that the region of sequence similarity corresponds to the cell-attachment site of the virus and the antibody. Studies are described demonstrating that these peptides possess biological activity similar to that of the virus and the antibody. Three-dimensional models of the cell-attachment site of the virus are presented and compared to a similar model for the antibody. These studies indicate that anti-idiotypic antibodies can be utilized to understand the three-dimensional basis of ligand - receptor interactions, and can lead to the development of novel biologically active substances.
Thioether Barbiturates. II. α-Alkylthioalkyl Derivatives (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThioether Barbiturates. II. α-Alkylthioalkyl DerivativesL. A. Walter, L. H. Goodson, and Russel J. FosbinderCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1945, 67, 4, 657–659Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01220a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01220a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views52Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A proton-coupled conformational switch of Escherichia coli 5S ribosomal RNA. (1980)

We report temperature-jump kinetic studies of the early melting transition of Escherichia coli 5S rRNA. A single measurable relaxation time tau, independent of concentration, was found at 266 nm. We monitored the transition temperature tm for this process (in the range from 0 to 40 degrees C) as a function of Mg2+, Na+, K+, spermidine, and H+ concentrations. Contrary to the usual effect of salts on nucleic acid stability, addition of mono- and multivalent counterions decreases tm for the early melting transition. Also unexpectedly, we found a strong dependence of tm on pH in the physiological range of 7--8. Quantitative analysis of the data indicates that about 0.7 protons are release when the ordered (low-temperature) form melts, whereas about 2 NA+ (or K+) and 0.5 Mg2+ are taken up by the melted (high-temperature) form. We estimate the enthalpy of the transition to be 15--20 kcal/mol (63--84 kJ/mol) and also report the forward and reverse rate constants and activation energies for the transition, along with the influence of ions on the transition dynamics. Diffusion constant measurements reveal that the low-temperature form has a frictional coefficient about 10% larger than that of the high-temperature form. The data imply a low-temperature tertiary structure capable of binding a proton. Increase of pH, temperature, or counterion concentration (all at near-physiological values) causes a tertiary conformational switch to a more compact form that has greater counterion binding but less proton binding. We discuss possible physiological roles for the transition.
2285. A Note on Multiple Exponentials (1952)

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Automatic Data and Computation Decomposition on Distributed Memory Parallel Computers (1999)

On shared memory parallel computers (SMPCs) it is natural to focus on decomposing the computation (mainly by distributing the iterations of the nested Do-Loops). In contrast, on distributed memory parallel computers (DMPCs) the decomposition of computation and the distribution of data must both be handled---in order to balance the computation load and to minimize the migration of data. We propose and validate experimentally a method for handling computations and data synergistically to optimize the overall execution time. The method relies on a number of novel techniques, also presented in this paper. The core idea is to rank the &quot;importance&quot; of data arrays in a program and define some of the dominant. The intuition is that the dominant arrays are the ones whose migration would be the most expensive. Using the correspondence between iteration space mapping vectors and distributed dimensions of the dominant data array in each nested Do-loop, we are able to design algorithms for determin...
A nanoliter-scale open chemical reactor (2012)

An open chemical reactor is a container that exchanges matter with the exterior. Well-mixed open chemical reactors, called continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR), have been instrumental for investigating the dynamics of out-of-equilibrium chemical processes, such as oscillations, bistability, and chaos. Here, we introduce a microfluidic CSTR, called μCSTR, that reduces reagent consumption by six orders of magnitude. It consists of an annular reactor with four inlets and one outlet fabricated in PDMS using multi-layer soft lithography. A monolithic peristaltic pump feeds fresh reagents into the reactor through the inlets. After each injection the content of the reactor is continuously mixed with a second peristaltic pump. The efficiency of the μCSTR is experimentally characterized using a bromate, sulfite, ferrocyanide pH oscillator. Simulations accounting for the digital injection process are in agreement with experimental results. The low consumption of the μCSTR will be advantageous for investigating out-of-equilibrium dynamics of chemical processes involving biomolecules. These studies have been scarce so far because a miniaturized version of a CSTR was not available.
Numerical Methods for Tracking Interfaces With Surface Tension in 3-D Mold Filling Processes (2002)

Gravity-pour casting processes are simulated for both low and high Weber number flows. The validation problems examined are a symmetric side-fill problem and a more complex asymmetric top-fill problem with flow over and obstacle. A recently developed continuum surface force model was implemented within a transient three-dimensional software simulation tool and applied to the low Weber number problem. The resulting simulations are compared with experiments that were conducted in order to validate current and future gravity-pour casting simulations. The simulations are found to capture much of the qualitative behavior of the complex three-dimensional flows.
Common genetic polymorphisms affect the human requirement for the nutrient choline (2020)

Humans eating diets deficient in the essential nutrient choline can develop organ dysfunction. We hypothesized that common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in choline metabolism influence the dietary requirement of this nutrient. Fifty-seven humans were fed a low choline diet until they developed organ dysfunction or for up to 42 days. We tested DNA SNPs for allelic association with susceptibility to developing organ dysfunction associated with choline deficiency. We identified an SNP in the promoter region of the phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase gene (PEMT; −744 G→C; rs12325817) for which 18 of 23 carriers of the C allele (78%) developed organ dysfunction when fed a low choline diet (odds ratio 25, P=0.002). The first of two SNPs in the coding region of the choline dehydrogenase gene (CHDH; +318 A→C; rs9001) had a protective effect on susceptibility to choline deficiency, while a second CHDH variant (+432 G→T; rs12676) was associated with increased susceptibility to choline deficiency. A SNP in the PEMT coding region (+5465 G→A; rs7946) and a betaine:homocysteine methyl-transferase (BHMT) SNP (+742 G→A; rs3733890) were not associated with susceptibility to choline deficiency. Identification of common polymorphisms that affect dietary requirements for choline could enable us to identify individuals for whom we need to assure adequate dietary choline intake.—da Costa, K.-A., Kozyreva, O. G., Song, J., Galanko, J. A., Fischer, L. M., Zeisel, S. H. Common genetic polymorphisms affect the human requirement for the nutrient choline.
Folding of Intrinsically Disordered Protein Phosphatase 1 Regulatory Proteins (2012)

Intrinsically disordered but biologically active proteins, commonly referred to as IDPs, are readily identified in many biological systems and play critical roles in multiple protein regulatory processes. While disordered in their unbound states, IDPs often, but not always, fold upon binding with their protein interaction partners. Here, we discuss how a class of IDPs directs the targeting, specificity and activity of Protein Phosphatase 1 (PP1). PP1 is major ser/thr phosphatase that plays a critical role in a broad range of biological processes, from muscle contraction to memory formation. In the cell, PP1 is regulated through its interaction with more than 200 regulatory proteins, the majority of which are IDPs. Critically, these PP1:regulatory protein holoenzyme complexes confer specificity to PP1 and are thus the functional forms of the PP1 enzyme in vivo. Furthermore, we discuss the distinct modes of interaction utilized by IDPs to complex with their protein binding partners. We subsequently show, by integrating multiple biophysical tools, that the majority of IDPs that regulate PP1, prefer a conformational selection model.
Influence du coefficient d'uniformité sur l'amplitude et le taux de l'affaissement des sols (1996)

La plupart des régions arides et semi-arides du monde possèdent des dépôts superficiels de sols granulaires lâches. Certains de ces sols sont susceptibles de subir une grande réduction dans leur volume, après mouillage de leur structure, en donnant des tassements exorbitants.
Treatment with corticosteroids— a risk factor for the development of clinical cytomegalovirus disease in AIDS (1993)

The use of corticosteroids in patients with advanced immunosuppression due to HIV infection should be reviewed carefully in view of the possible increased incidence of CMV disease.
Scrapie Pathogenesis in Subclinically Infected B-Cell-Deficient Mice (1999)

Prion infections can present without clinical manifestations. B-cell deficiency may be a model for subclinical transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, since it protects mice from disease upon intraperitoneal administration of scrapie prions; however, a proportion of B-cell-deficient mice accumulate protease-resistant prion protein in their brains. Here, we have characterized this subclinical disease. In addition, we have studied the possibility that a neurotoxic factor secreted by B cells may contribute to pathogenesis.
Acousto-mechanical tuning of photonic crystal nanocavity modes (2013)

Surface Acoustic Waves (SAW) are employed to deliberately modify the resonator properties of a high Q photonic crystal membrane (PCM) on a semiconductor nano structure. The SAW periodically deforms the PCM, giving rise to a periodically modulated resonance position of the photonic crystal. While achieving resonance shifts exceeding Δλ = 2 nm, the quality factor of the PCM resonance remains basically unchanged. Combination of the acousto-photonic resonance modulation with single photon generation of acoustically charged quantum dots and quantum posts are discussed in the context of single photon generation of non-classical light.