gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of iduronate sulphatase mutants affecting N-glycosylation sites and the cysteine-84 residue (1997)

Iduronate sulphatase (IDS) is responsible for mucopolysaccharidosis type II, a rare recessive X-linked lysosomal storage disease. The aim of this work was to evaluate the functional importance of each N-glycosylation site, and of the cysteine-84 residue. IDS mutant cDNAs, lacking one of the eight potential N-glycosylation sites, were expressed in COS cells. Although each of the potential sites was used, none of the eight glycosylation sites appeared to be essential for lysosomal targeting. Another important sulphatase co- or post-translational modification for generating catalytic activity involves the conversion of a cysteine residue surrounded by a conserved sequence C-X-P-S-R into a 2-amino-3-oxopropionic acid residue [Schmidt, Selmer, Ingendoh and von Figura (1995) Cell 82, 271-278]. This conserved cysteine, located at amino acid position 84 in IDS, was replaced either by an alanine (C84A) or by a threonine (C84T) using site-directed mutagenesis. C84A and C84T mutant cDNAs were expressed either in COS cells or in human lymphoblastoid cells deleted for the IDS gene. C84A had a drastic effect both for IDS processing and for catalytic activity. The C84T mutation produced a small amount of mature forms but also abolished enzyme activity, confirming that the cysteine residue at position 84 is required for IDS activity.
Isolation and characterization of a C<sub>12</sub>‐lipopeptide produced by<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>HSO 121 (2008)

A new lipopeptide with C12 fatty acid has been isolated from the cell broth of Bacillus subtilis HSO121 by chromatographic methods, which is believed to be the homologue of lipopeptides. The fatty acid portion was methylated and analyzed by GC/MS, ESI Q-TOF MS and 1H-NMR. The peptide portion, of which the amino acid composition was obtained by HPLC combined with a phenyl isothiocyanate (PITC) derivatization methods, was analyzed by ESI Q-TOF MS. Comparing the obtained results with surfactin C13 showed that the new lipopeptide has a peptide moiety similar to that of surfactin and the difference exists in the fatty acid portion, which is an iso-C12 beta-hydroxy fatty acid. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of this new homologue is estimated to be 6.27 x 10(-5) mol/l in 10 mmol/l phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 8.0) at 30 degrees C, and the surface tension at CMC (gamma CMC) achieved is as little as 27.71 mN/m. The hemolytic activities of the C12-lipopeptide on 2% human erythrocytes showed a HC50 of 26.5 micromol/l.
Generalized Kernel-based Visual Tracking (2009)

In this work we generalize the plain MS trackers and attempt to overcome standard mean shift trackers' two limitations. It is well known that modeling and maintaining a representation of a target object is an important component of a successful visual tracker. However, little work has been done on building a robust template model for kernel-based MS tracking. In contrast to building a template from a single frame, we train a robust object representation model from a large amount of data. Tracking is viewed as a binary classification problem, and a discriminative classification rule is learned to distinguish between the object and background. We adopt a support vector machine (SVM) for training. The tracker is then implemented by maximizing the classification score. An iterative optimization scheme very similar to MS is derived for this purpose.
Analyzing the TCP performance on mobile ad-hoc networks (2011)

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a connection-oriented protocol for reliable end-to-end data delivery over IP networks. Many TCP variants assume that packet loss occurs due to network congestion when wired networks have very low bit error rate. TCP reacts to unreliable network conditions by slowing down the data flow with congestion window adjustment. However, the nature of frequent noise in wireless networks heavily affects the conditions of packet loss, bit error and spurious packets. In mobile ad-hoc networks, multi-hop path forwarding further exacerbates the packet loss and throughput performance. Thus, this paper aims to analyze the TCP performance in wireless, and mobile ad hoc environments. This study first examines the effects of TCP throughput under different scales of data block sizes and TCP window sizes, respectively. This study also examines the packet delivery rate, hop counts, and flow counts with two practical routing protocols, AODV and OLSR, in mobile ad-hoc network environments. Experimental results show the sensitivities of TCP performance to various measure parameters in 802.11 wireless and ad-hoc networks.
Microgels 1: Solution polymerization using vinyl monomers (1995)

Abstract Theories of gelation predict that the polymerization and copolymerization of polyfunctional monomers having an average functionality of greater than two will form a macrogel. The theories have not been found to accurately predict the degree of reaction at the gel point in the presence of solvents. This paper, the first in a series, explores a concept in which it is postulated that macrogelation in solution in many cases is not the expected outcome and that small and usually soluble internally crosslinked polymer molecules(microgels) will be the product at complete reaction. The monomers methyl methacrylate and diethyleneglycol dimethacrylate were radically copolymerized in various proportions in a range of solvents to test the hypothesis. It was found that, at essentially complete conversion in good solvents below a critical and relatively high concentration, gelation could not be obtained and a general technique for the preparation of “microgels” is thus revealed.
Theory for a quantum modulated transistor (1989)

We present a theoretical study of semiconductor T-structures which may exhibit transistor action based on quantum interference. The electron transmission through a semiconductor quantum wire can be controlled by an external gate voltage that modifies the penetration of the electron wavefunction in a lateral stub, affecting in this way its interference pattern. The structures are modeled as ideal two-dimensional electron waveguides and a tight-binding Green’s function technique is used to compute the electron transmission and reflection coefficients. The calculations show that relatively small changes in the stub length can induce strong variations in the electron transmission across the structure. Operation in the fundamental transverse mode appears to be important for applications. We also show that a bound state of purely geometrical origin nucleates at the intersection between waveguide and stub. The performance of the device can be improved by inserting additional stubs of slightly different lengths. Taking into account the applicable scaling rules, we give estimates of the experimental parameters that optimize the transmission characteristics and speed of operation of the proposed transistor.
A brief review of bioluminescent systems (2019) (2019)

Despite being widely used in reporter technologies, bioluminescent systems are largely understudied. Of at least forty different bioluminescent systems thought to exist in nature, molecular components of only seven light-emitting reactions are known, and the full biochemical pathway leading to light emission is only understood for two of them. Here, we provide a succinct overview of currently known bioluminescent systems highlighting available tools for research and discussing future applications.
Analysis of the Magnetic Field Influence on the Rheological Properties of Healthy Persons Blood (2013)

The influence of magnetic field on whole blood rheological properties remains a weakly known phenomenon. An in vitro analysis of the magnetic field influence on the rheological properties of healthy persons blood is presented in this work. The study was performed on blood samples taken from 25 healthy nonsmoking persons and included comparative analysis of the results of both the standard rotary method (flow curve measurement) and the oscillatory method known also as the mechanical dynamic analysis, performed before and after exposition of blood samples to magnetic field. The principle of the oscillatory technique lies in determining the amplitude and phase of the oscillations of the studied sample subjected to action of a harmonic force of controlled amplitude and frequency. The flow curve measurement involved determining the shear rate dependence of blood viscosity. The viscoelastic properties of the blood samples were analyzed in terms of complex blood viscosity. All the measurements have been performed by means of the Contraves LS40 rheometer. The data obtained from the flow curve measurements complemented by hematocrit and plasma viscosity measurements have been analyzed using the rheological model of Quemada. No significant changes of the studied rheological parameters have been found.
Cdc42- and Rac1-mediated endothelial lumen formation requires Pak2, Pak4 and Par3, and PKC-dependent signaling (2008)

Rho GTPases regulate a diverse spectrum of cellular functions involved in vascular morphogenesis. Here, we show that Cdc42 and Rac1 play a key role in endothelial cell (EC) lumen and tube formation as well as in EC invasion in three-dimensional (3D) collagen matrices and that their regulation is mediated by various downstream effectors, including Pak2, Pak4, Par3 and Par6. RNAi-mediated or dominant-negative suppression of Pak2 or Pak4, two major regulators of cytoskeletal signaling downstream of Cdc42 or Rac1, markedly inhibits EC lumen and tube formation. Both Pak2 and Pak4 phosphorylation strongly correlate with the lumen formation process in a manner that depends on protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated signaling. We identify PKCepsilon and PKCzeta as regulators of EC lumenogenesis in 3D collagen matrices. Two polarity proteins, Par3 and Par6, are also required for EC lumen and tube formation, as they establish EC polarity through their association with Cdc42 and atypical PKC. In our model, disruption of any member in the Cdc42-Par3-Par6-PKCzeta polarity complex impairs EC lumen and tube formation in 3D collagen matrices. This work reveals novel regulators that control the signaling events mediating the crucial lumen formation step in vascular morphogenesis.
Patterned Wettability of Oil and Water in Porous Media (2009)

The microscopic wettability state of porous media, based on glass bead packings, after crude oil drainage of brine was investigated using X-ray micro-CT, white-light profilometry, and electron microscopy. Tomography revealed that the bulk residual brine occupied around 10% of void space, located in smaller pores and as pendular rings around bead contacts, in agreement with numerical simulations of drainage. The bead packing contained planar slabs of mica, quartz, and oxidized silicon wafer, which after flushing and disassembly of the pack allowed analysis of their wettability alteration due to deposition of asphaltenes from the crude oil. These substrates exhibited an overall pattern of rings with clean interiors, matching the brine pendular ring size inferred from experimental and simulated drainage, and asphaltene deposition in their exteriors, verifying the mixed wet model of oil reservoir wettability. The extent of asphaltene intrusion into ring interiors and completeness of asphaltene coverage of exteriors both increased with overall deposition tendency for the brine composition. The observed dependence on NaCl concentration and pH was consistent with expectations from DLVO and non-DLVO interactions governing brine thin film rupture and subsequent asphaltene deposition.
Prioritizing a Portfolio of Information Technology Investment Projects (2004)

Although the use of real options for valuation of information technology (IT) investments has been documented, little research has been conducted to examine its relevance for valuing and prioritizing a portfolio of projects. Complexities of IT projects along with the effect of project interdependencies raise several challenges in applying real options for prioritization of IT investments. We examine a large U.S.-based energy utility firm in a deregulated environment that is considering investment in a portfolio of 31 projects to provide a range of Internet-enabled energy services to customers. Using real data on expected project benefits and costs for different competitive scenarios, we develop a nested options model that extends prior research by incorporating the impact of project interdependencies to calculate the option value of all projects. Our nested options model provides a better understanding of project interdependencies on valuation and prioritization decisions, and provides insights into the business value of IT infrastructure projects that provide the managerial flexibility to launch future projects. We present a real options portfolio optimization algorithm for dynamic multiperiod portfolio optimization by incorporating the project values based on real options analysis in a portfolio management model with budget constraints.
Genomic Analysis of <i>Clostridium botulinum</i> Group II by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (1998)

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was optimized for genomic analyses of Clostridium botulinum (non-proteolytic) group II. DNA degradation problems caused by extracellular DNases were overcome by fixation of cells with formaldehyde prior to isolation. A rapid (4-h) in situ DNA isolation method was also assessed and gave indistinguishable results. Genomic DNA from 21 strains of various geographical and temporal origins was digested with 15 rare-cutting restriction enzymes. Of these, ApaI, MluI, NruI, SmaI, and XhoI gave the most revealing PFGE patterns, enabling strain differentiation. Twenty strains yielded PFGE patterns containing 13 pulsotypes. From summation of MluI, SmaI, and XhoI restriction fragments, the genome size of C. botulinum group II was estimated to be 3.6 to 4.1 Mb (mean +/- standard deviation = 3,890 +/- 170 kb). The results substantiate that after problems due to DNases are overcome, PFGE analysis will be a reproducible and highly discriminating epidemiological method for studying C. botulinum group II at the molecular level.
Buffering capacity of deproteinized human vastus lateralis muscle (1985)

The in vitro deproteinized vastus lateralis muscle buffer capacity, carnosine, and histidine levels were examined in 20 men from 4 distinct populations (5 sprinters, 800-m runners; 5 rowers; 5 marathoners; 5 untrained). Needle biopsies were obtained at rest from the vastus lateralis muscle. The buffer capacity was determined in deproteinized homogenates by repeatedly titrating supernatant extracts over the pH range of 7.0-6.0 with 0.01 N HCl. Carnosine and histidine levels were determined on an amino acid AutoAnalyzer. Fast-twitch fiber percentage was determined by staining intensity of myosin adenosinetriphosphatase. High-intensity running performance was assessed on an inclined treadmill run to fatigue (20% incline; 3.5 m X s-1). Significantly (P less than 0.01) elevated buffer capacities, carnosine levels, and high-intensity running performances were demonstrated by the sprinters and rowers, but no significant differences existed between these variables for the marathoners vs. untrained subjects. Low but significant (P less than 0.05) interrelationships were demonstrated between buffer capacity, carnosine levels, and fast-twitch fiber composition. These findings indicate that the sprinters and rowers possess elevated buffering capabilities and carnosine levels compared with marathon runners and untrained subjects.
A multi-ontology approach for personal information management (2005)

Abstract. The increasingly huge volume of personal information stored in a desktop computer is characterized by disparate models, unstructured contents, and implicit knowledge. Aiming at a semantic rich environment, a number of Semantic Desktop frameworks have been proposed, concentrating on different aspects, including organization, manipulation, and visualization of the data. In this paper, we propose a layered and semantic ontology-based framework for personal information management, and we discuss its annotations, associations, and navigation. We also discuss query processing in two cases: query rewriting in a single personal information application, PIA, and that between two PIAs. 1
Mining control flow graph as <i>API call-grams</i> to detect portable executable malware (2012)

Present day malware shows stealthy and dynamic capability and avails administrative rights to control the victim computers. Malware writers depend on evasion techniques like code obfuscation, packing, compression, encryption or polymorphism to avoid detection by Anti-Virus (AV) scanners as AV primarily use syntactic signature to detect a known malware. Our approach is based on semantic aspect of PE exectable that analyses API Call-grams to detect unknown malicious code. As in--exact source code is analysed, the machine is not infected by the executable. Moreover, static analysis covers all the paths of code which is not possible with dynamic behavioural methods as latter does not gurantee the execution of sample being analysed. Modern malicious samples also detect controlled virtual and emulated environments and stop the functioning. Semantic invariant approach is important as signature of known samples are changed by code obfuscation tools. Static analysis is performed by generating an API Call graph from control flow of an executable, then mining the Call graph as API Call-gram to detect malicious files.
Detecting higher-level similarity patterns in programs (2005)

Cloning in software systems is known to create problems during software maintenance. Several techniques have been proposed to detect the same or similar code fragments in software, so-called simple clones. While the knowledge of simple clones is useful, detecting design-level similarities in software could ease maintenance even further, and also help us identify reuse opportunities. We observed that recurring patterns of simple clones - so-called structural clones - often indicate the presence of interesting design-level similarities. An example would be patterns of collaborating classes or components. Finding structural clones that signify potentially useful design information requires efficient techniques to analyze the bulk of simple clone data and making non-trivial inferences based on the abstracted information. In this paper, we describe a practical solution to the problem of detecting some basic, but useful, types of design-level similarities such as groups of highly similar classes or files. First, we detect simple clones by applying conventional token-based techniques. Then we find the patterns of co-occurring clones in different files using the Frequent Itemset Mining (FIM) technique. Finally, we perform file clustering to detect those clusters of highly similar files that are likely to contribute to a design-level similarity pattern. The novelty of our approach is application of data mining techniques to detect design level similarities. Experiments confirmed that our method finds many useful structural clones and scales up to big programs. The paper describes our method for structural clone detection, a prototype tool called Clone Miner that implements the method and experimental results.
Inactivation of p53 and Amplification of Cyclin D1 Correlate With Clinical Outcome in Head and Neck Cancer (1998)

The authors have investigated whether genetic abnormalities in two genes, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of p53 and amplification of the cyclin D1 gene, correlate with clinical outcome in 56 matched pairs of blood and tumor from patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Frequency of p53 LOH was 47.4%, of cyclin D1 amplification 33.9%, and of both abnormalities together 23.7%. p53 LOH was associated with T4 (P = 0.003) and stage IV (P = 0.015) tumors. Cyclin D1 amplification was associated with recurrences and/or metachronous tumors (P = 0.007). The total number of p53 and cyclin D1 abnormalities (scored as zero, one, and two) show a pattern that seems to be additive; the increase in the number of these abnormalities is associated with a proportional increase in the frequency of T4, stage IV, presence of recurrences and/or metachronous tumors, and possibly a proportional decrease in the disease-free interval in the sample. The association of the markers with recurrences and/or metachronous tumors persists if the tumor stage effect is mathematically removed. The combined analysis of the p53 and cyclin D1 abnormalities seems to be more informative than either of them individually and may have predictive value in SCCHN.
Complexes of clays with organic compounds. I. Complex formation between montmorillonite and halloysite and certain organic liquids (1948)

D. M. C. MacEwan, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1948, 44, 349 DOI: 10.1039/TF9484400349
Treating Progress Functions as a Managerial Opportunity (1984)

Use of progress functions in strategic planning has led to the principle that firms can expect continuous cost improvements with cumulative output. But finding policies that result in continuous cost improvements requires a better understanding of the dynamics underlying firms' progress functions. This paper draws on more than 200 empirical and theoretical studies of progress functions in industrial engineering, economics, and management. Factors causing progress fall into four categories that vary in origin (exogenous or endogenous) and in type (autonomous or induced).
Research on Security System for Buildings Based on Wireless Sensor Network (2012)

Aiming at solving the problem of building security, a solution based on wireless sensor network is proposed: Making CC2530 as the core wireless measurement and control unit, programming under TinyOS environment, the monitoring of security object and response to the security measures were achieved. With ARM6410 as the main processor to construct converging gateway node, programming under Linux environment, the gathering and transferring of security information were established. Taking PC as the control center, programming under ASP.NET environment, the reception, analysis and response were well realized. It is demonstrated that, the building security system developed in this work provides flexible controlling, timely response, stable operation and convenient maintenance.
Heart size and function in acromegaly. (1979)

Cardiac size and function was studied in 23 acromegalic patients using echocardiography and systolic time interval measurements. Thirteen patients (56%) had increased left ventricular mass, and in the 20 treated patients this correlated well with the mean of the recent basal growth hormone levels. It is suggested that myocardial hypertrophy may regress in proportion to the degree of control of growth hormone levels. The ejection fraction was normal in all patients except one, and increased left ventricular mass was not associated with detectable impairment of left ventricular performance. Thus, most acromegalic hearts function normally even when their mass is considerably increased, though the long-term effects of this are unknown, Echocardiography will be valuable in the serial monitoring of the cardiac effects of acromegaly.