gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF AXIALLY COMPRESSED CYLINDRICAL SHELLS WITH PROBABILISTIC AND DETERMINISTIC METHODS (2015)

Thin-walled unstiffened cylindrical composite shells are prone to buckling. The structural behavior of these shells responds really sensitive to initial geometric imperfections, which occur during the manufacturing process of an unstiffened composite cylinder. Geometric imperfections like small dimples cause a deviation from the perfect geometrical shape of a cylinder and can reduce the buckling load significantly. Scattering of material and geometric parameters as well as an inhomo-geneous loading causes also a reduction of the load carrying capability of these cylinders. Re-search’s mainly investigated the influence of geometric imperfections on the buckling load and ignored the other sources of imperfections. In this paper the before mentioned imperfections and their effects on the buckling load of cylindrical shells are investigated using a semi-analytical prob-abilistic sensitivity analysis. With this method the structural response behavior of the cylindrical shells is evaluated in order to identify imperfections which are most critical in terms of stability behavior. The study is performed for shells with equal material und geometric parameters but different laminate stacking and the imperfections are classified into different degrees of priority using indices. The purpose of this paper is to identify imperfections which are most critical on the stability behavior of unstiffened cylindrical composite shells to show where to spend resources for the largest improvement of future guidelines for imperfection sensitive composite launcher structures.
Maintaining Integrity and Non-Repudiation in Secure Offline Documents (2017)

Securing sensitive digital documents (such as health records, legal reports, government documents, and financial assets) is a critical and challenging task. Unreliable Internet connections, viruses, and compromised file storage systems impose a significant risk on such documents and can compromise their integrity especially when shared across domains while they are shared in offline fashion.
Copper‐Catalyzed Direct Trifluoro‐ and Perfluoroalkylselenolations of Boronic Acids with a Shelf‐Stable Family of Reagents (2017)

Abstract Herein the copper‐catalyzed direct perfluoroalkylselenolation of aryl‐ and vinylboronic acids is described for the first time. The key to success is the design of new shelf‐stable perfluoroalkylselenolating reagents, namely perfluoroalkyl tolueneselenosulfonates. The reaction occurs at room temperature in the presence of commercially available catalyst and ligand in catalytic quantities. magnified image
Nature of the copper(I) carbonyl formed by acid cuprous chloride in the presence of carbon monoxide (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNature of the copper(I) carbonyl formed by acid cuprous chloride in the presence of carbon monoxideMarianna Anderson Busch and Thomas C. FranklinCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1979, 18, 2, 521–524Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50192a071https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50192a071research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views94Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nongenomic Thyroid Hormone Signaling Occurs Through a Plasma Membrane–Localized Receptor (2014)

Thyroid hormone (TH) is essential for vertebrate development and the homeostasis of most adult tissues, including bone. TH stimulates target gene expression through the nuclear thyroid receptors TRα and TRβ; however, TH also has rapid, transcription-independent (nongenomic) effects. We found a previously uncharacterized plasma membrane-bound receptor that was necessary and sufficient for nongenomic TH signaling in several cell types. We determined that this receptor is generated by translation initiation from an internal methionine of TRα, which produces a transcriptionally incompetent protein that is palmitoylated and associates with caveolin-containing plasma membrane domains. TH signaling through this receptor stimulated a pro-proliferative and pro-survival program by increasing the intracellular concentrations of calcium, nitric oxide (NO), and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which led to the sequential activation of protein kinase G II (PKGII), the tyrosine kinase Src, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt signaling. Hypothyroid mice exhibited a cGMP-deficient state with impaired bone formation and increased apoptosis of osteocytes, which was rescued by a direct stimulator of guanylate cyclase. Our results link nongenomic TH signaling to a previously uncharacterized membrane-bound receptor, and identify NO synthase, guanylate cyclase, and PKGII as TH effectors that activate kinase cascades to regulate cell survival and proliferation.
Strategies to Prevent Clostridium difficile Infections in Acute Care Hospitals: 2014 Update (2014)

strategies to prevent cdi: 2014 update 629 deletions and carries binary toxin), has been reported to have a higher 14-day mortality in the United Kingdom than BI/NAP1/027. 23In the United Kingdom, the BI/ NAP1/027 strain is no longer the predominant strain, and it occurs less frequently in continental Europe. 7][26] II.][29][30] A. CDI increases hospital length of stay by 2.8 to 5.5 days. 28B. Attributable costs of inpatient CDI in 2008 dollars have been estimated to be $3,006-$15,397 per episode. 28US hospital costs for CDI management have been estimated to be $1.0-4.9 billion per year. 28Costs of CDI in the outpatient and non-acute care settings have not been assessed.C. Patients with CDI were almost twice as likely to be discharged to a long-term care facility than propensity score-matched controls. 27D. The attributable mortality of CDI is estimated to be 5%-10%, 8,9,23,27 leading to an estimated 14,000-20,000 deaths attributable to CDI in the United States each year. 14,29III.Changing risk factors and possible decrease in CDI treatment response rates A. For the past 10 years, fluoroquinolones, previously infrequently associated with CDI, have been found to be one of the primary precipitating antimicrobials in recent studies. 19,311. Virtually every antibiotic has been associated with CDI.Cephalosporins, ampicillin, and clindamycin remain important predisposing antibiotics. 15B. Gastric acid suppression has been recognized as a risk factor for CDI in some studies. 151.Some studies suggest that the association between gastric acid suppression and CDI is related to other important risk factors, such as severity of illness and age. 312. Gastric acid suppression may be an important risk factor for CDI outside healthcare facilities. 32[35] section 2: background-strategies to detect cdi I. Surveillance definitions Definitions for CDI surveillance in the United States and Europe have been published. 36,37
Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Air-Water Mixing Layer within Surf-Zone (2001)

A new numerical scheme based on the C-CUP method with a subgrid-scale approach using the Dynamic SGS model is developed to solve the complicated air-water mixing flow problems and is applied to the air-water interface with air bubbles and aerosol excited by wave breaking. The numerical model succeeds in simulating not only wave breaking but also the complicated turbulent air-water mixing flows after breaking, and is useful for the proper consideration of highly nonlinear motions including free-surface turbulence, air-entrainment, and splash-up cycles. On the basis of the present simulated results, the turbulent flow structures and a physical role of the entrained air bubbles during splash-up cycles in the surf-zone are discussed.
Trimming of step-edge junctions for improvement of SQUID performance (2001)

We have applied an Ar ion beam etching technique to trim the critical current, Ic, and the normal resistance, Rn, of step-edge Josephson junctions which provides a means to optimize SQUID performance. By using this technique, Ic can be reduced by more than one order of magnitude and Rn can be increased to over 10 Ω. Significant improvements in SQUID performance have been demonstrated with this technique. White noise of 80 f T Hz−1/2 was achieved from a trimmed 5 mm dc SQUID that had poor initial performance.
Vinyl polymerization. LXVIII. The polymerization of methyl methacrylate in the presence of zinc chloride (1963)

Abstract The polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) initiated by α,α′‐azobiisobutyronitrile (AIBN) in the presence of zinc chloride at 60°C. was investigated kinetically. Zinc chloride increased the rate of polymerization. Since ZnCl 2 dissolved in MMA to form a complex, such a complex was considered to have a close relation to the acceleration effect. It was found from the result of a copolymerization experiment with vinylidene chloride that the reactivity of MMA monomer increased in the presence of ZnCl 2 . A complex of MMA with ZnCl 2 could be easily isolated by removing an excess of MMA from the MMA‐ZnCl 2 solution. The MMA‐ZnCl 2 complex polymerized to a high molecular weight polymer.
Laser-direct-written interconnects: applications to real-world circuits (1986)

The laser-directed discretionary deposition of metal films broadens the scope of electronics fabrication on the integrated circuit level as well as in hybrid packaging, microwave circuit tuning, and wafer-scale systems. The use of laser beams to write and remove directly metals and insulators has been developed and refined to the point where applications to real integrated circuits are possible. This mode of processing allows the modification of individual circuits on a micrometer scale as well as permitting the interconnection of larger circuits composed of several devices, both on a single substrate (wafer scale integration) and in multichip hybrid configurations. It has been shown previously that by this technology one can customize commercial CMOS gate array parts in several minutes without masked photolithography.1
Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio and incremental net-health benefit: two sides of the same coin (2001)

In recent years, an alternative framework for cost-effectiveness analyses has been growing in popularity. Instead of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for which statistical inference is often difficult, the incremental net-health benefit (INHB), a linear transformation of incremental costs and effectiveness, has been utilized. The linear structure of this statistic allows easy computation and interpretation of confidence intervals, hypothesis tests and acceptability curves. It is often difficult, however, to switch decision-making procedures without first verifying the appropriateness of the new methods. In this paper, we demonstrate the decision-making similarities between the INHB and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio and describe how the INHB can be used to clarify inference of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. We also describe the two statistics in terms of the DeltaE-DeltaC plane, thus allowing both a mathematical and graphical comparison of these similarities. We conclude with a general discussion of cost-effectiveness analyses and advocate Bayesian, rather than frequentist inference as the more intuitive and powerful decision-making framework.
[Can piperacillin modify the experimental nephrotoxicity of gentamicin?]. (1986)

A synergistic effect of antibacterial activity has been demonstrated with piperacillin combined with an aminoglycoside. Four groups of 30 female Wistar rats were injected daily for 14 days with either gentamicin 50 mg/kg, or piperacillin 1,000 mg/kg, or both drugs combined; the control group received sodium chloride in solution. In all groups, creatinine clearance, lysosomal structural latency and renal cortex enzyme activities (alanine-aminopeptidase, N-acetyl beta D-glucosaminidase, sphingomyelinase, cathepsin B) were measured on days 2, 4, 7, 10 and 14 of treatment. Renal cortex concentrations of gentamicin were measured in the group that received gentamicin alone and in the group treated with both piperacillin and gentamicin. The renal functional changes usually induced by aminoglycosides were observed. Piperacillin administered alone reduced creatinine clearance and alanine-aminopeptidase activity. The piperacillin-gentamicin combination proved unable to prevent the fall in creatinine clearance; it also reduced the alanine-aminopeptidase, sphingomyelinase and cathepsin B activities, but the reduction was less pronounced than that induced by gentamicin alone.
Ironcyclopentadienyl mediated 2-alkyl-2-arylphenylsulphonylacetonitrile synthesis (1995)

A unique route to the synthesis of 2-alkyl-2-arylphenylsulphonylacetonitriles via the nucleophilic aromatic substitution (S N Ar) of chloroarene cyclopentadienyliron complexes with 2-alkyl phenylsulphonylacetonitriles has been investigated. Reactions of chloroarene complexes (1a–d) with 2-alkyl phenylsulphonylacetonitrile (2a,b) in the presence of K 2 CO 3 in DMF at room temperature led to the formation of complexes 3a–d and 4a,c,d in good yields. The use of alkylated phenylsulphonylacetonitriles as nucleophiles in the reactions with the p-dichlorobenzene complex (1e) allowed the formation of the disubstituted complexes (5,6). Photolytic demetallation provided an efficient route to the liberation of the arylated phenylsulphonylacetonitriles 7a–d, 8a,c,d, 9, and 10. Keywords: chloroarene, phenylsulphonylacetonitrile, nucleophilic substitution.
Assessing Maximal Exercise Capacity: Peak Work or Peak Oxygen Consumption? (2013)

The observation that there are distinguishing physiological features between those who have a higher peak work and those who have higher peak VO2 provides insight into the underlying processes determining maximal exercise capacity.
Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapy Relies on T-bet but Not Eomes to Induce Effector Function in Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells (2014)

Coinhibitory receptor blockade is a promising strategy to boost T-cell immunity against a variety of human cancers. However, many patients still do not benefit from this treatment, and responders often experience immune-related toxicities. These issues highlight the need for advanced mechanistic understanding to improve patient outcomes and uncover clinically relevant biomarkers of treatment efficacy. However, the T-cell-intrinsic signaling pathways engaged during checkpoint blockade treatment are not well defined, particularly for combination approaches. Using a murine model to study how effector CD8(+) T-cell responses to tumors may be enhanced in a tolerizing environment, we identified a critical role for the T-box transcription factor T-bet. Combination blockade of CTLA-4, PD-1, and LAG-3 induced T-bet expression in responding tumor/self-reactive CD8(+) T cells. Eradication of established leukemia using this immunotherapy regimen depended on T-bet induction, which was required for IFNγ production and cytotoxicity by tumor-infiltrating T cells, and for efficient trafficking to disseminated tumor sites. These data provide new insight into the success of checkpoint blockade for cancer immunotherapy, revealing T-bet as a key transcriptional regulator of tumor-reactive CD8(+) T-cell effector differentiation under otherwise tolerizing conditions.
Perturbation of Lipid Metabolism by Linoleic Acid Hydroperoxide in CaCo-2 Cells (2002)

Dietary hydroperoxides are being discussed as potential health hazards contributing to oxidative stress-related diseases. However, how food-born hydroperoxides could exert systemic effects remains elusive in view of the limited chances to be absorbed. Therefore, the metabolic fate of 13-HPODE (13-hydroperoxy octadecadienoic acid), 13-HODE (13-hydroxy octadecadienoic acid) and linoleic acid (LA) was investigated in a CaCo-2 cell monolayer as a model of the intestinal epithelium. [1-14C]-13-HPODE, up to a non-cytotoxic concentration of 100 microM, did not cross the CaCo-2 cell monolayer unreduced if applied to the luminal side. The [1 -14C]-HPODE-derived radioactivity was preferentially recovered from intracellular and released diacylglycerols (DG), phospholipids (PL) and cholesterol esterified with oxidized fatty acids (oxCE). A similar distribution pattern was obtained with 13-HODE. In contrast, LA is preferentially incorporated into triacylglycerols (TG), cholesteryl esters (CE) and PL (but mainly released as TG). 13-HPODE dose-dependently decreased the incorporation of LA into released TG, while LA accumulated in cellular and released DGs, effects similarily exerted by 13-HODE. We concluded that food-born hydroperoxy fatty acids are instantly reduced by the gastrointestinal glutathione peroxidase, which was previously shown to persist in selenium deficiency. Accordingly, modulation of the glutathione peroxidases by selenium deprivation/repletion did not modify the disturbance of the lipid metabolism by 13-HPODE. Thus, hydroperoxy fatty acids disturb intestinal lipid metabolism by being esterified as hydroxy fatty acids into complex lipids, and may render lipoproteins synthesized thereof susceptible to further oxidative modifications.
Influence of Genomic Landscape on Cancer Immunotherapy for Newly Diagnosed Ovarian Cancer: Biomarker Analyses from the IMagyn050 Randomized Clinical Trial (2023)

Most ovarian tumors have low TMB despite BRCA1/2 mutations or HRD. Neither BRCA1/2 mutation nor HRD predicted enhanced benefit from atezolizumab. This is the first randomized double-blind trial in ovarian cancer demonstrating that genomic instability triggered by BRCA1/2 mutation or HRD is not associated with improved sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors. See related commentary by Al-Rawi et al., p. 1645.
Orthogonal weight perturbation algorithms in partially adaptive arrays (1985)

Single port adaptive algorithms have been proposed to circumvent the need to implement a separate receiver for each adaptive element in an adpative antenna. In this paper, transient and steady-state performance of a bounded single port perturbation algorithm is obtained and compared with that of the least mean square (LMS) algorithm. Results are developed both with and without a hardlimiter on one input to the correlator. Techniques for adaptively changing both the algorithm step size and perturbation amplitude are given. Simulation results are presented and compared with theoretical results.
Role of OH variability in the stalling of the global atmospheric CH <sub>4</sub> growth rate from 1999 to 2006 (2016)

Abstract. The growth in atmospheric methane (CH4) concentrations over the past 2 decades has shown large variability on a timescale of several years. Prior to 1999 the globally averaged CH4 concentration was increasing at a rate of 6.0 ppb yr−1, but during a stagnation period from 1999 to 2006 this growth rate slowed to 0.6 ppb yr−1. From 2007 to 2009 the growth rate again increased to 4.9 ppb yr−1. These changes in growth rate are usually ascribed to variations in CH4 emissions. We have used a 3-D global chemical transport model, driven by meteorological reanalyses and variations in global mean hydroxyl (OH) concentrations derived from CH3CCl3 observations from two independent networks, to investigate these CH4 growth variations. The model shows that between 1999 and 2006 changes in the CH4 atmospheric loss contributed significantly to the suppression in global CH4 concentrations relative to the pre-1999 trend. The largest factor in this is relatively small variations in global mean OH on a timescale of a few years, with minor contributions of atmospheric transport of CH4 to its sink region and of atmospheric temperature. Although changes in emissions may be important during the stagnation period, these results imply a smaller variation is required to explain the observed CH4 trends. The contribution of OH variations to the renewed CH4 growth after 2007 cannot be determined with data currently available.
Novel camptothecin derivatives as topoisomerase I inhibitors (2009)

To summarize, > 150 patents have been deposited over the past 30 years. Structure-activity relationship studies suggest that substitutions at the 7-, 9- or 10-positions of most CPT derivatives enhance their antitumor activity, but at the 11- or 5-position usually lead to activity decrease.
End-Stage Renal Disease Measures of Quality (2007)

During the past 35 years, there has been a geometric expansion of the population of patients receiving chronic dialysis therapy in the United States. As the size and associated costs of the dialysis population have grown, there has been a consistent and evolving emphasis on measuring and improving the quality of dialysis care. These efforts, aided by robust data collection vehicles, have translated into defined clinical performance measures; nevertheless, morbidity and mortality rates remain high for the dialysis population. Recently, attention has focused on whether improved outcomes could be obtained by paying physicians and dialysis providers on the basis of quality metrics. The feasibility, value, pitfalls, and appropriate quality metrics in a "payment-for-quality" program for dialysis care are currently under vigorous discussion.
Children Undergoing Radiotherapy: Swedish Parents’ Experiences and Suggestions for Improvement (2015)

Approximately 300 children, from 0 to 18 years old, are diagnosed with cancer in Sweden every year. Of these children, 80-90 of them undergo radiotherapy treatment for their cancer. Although radiotherapy is an encounter with advanced technology, few studies have investigated the child's and the parent's view of the procedure. As part of an ongoing multicenter study aimed to improve patient preparation and the care environment in pediatric radiotherapy, this article reports the findings from interviews with parents at baseline. The aim of the present study was twofold: to describe parents' experience when their child undergoes radiotherapy treatment, and to report parents' suggestions for improvements during radiotherapy for their children. Sixteen mothers and sixteen fathers of children between 2-16 years old with various cancer diagnoses were interviewed. Data were analyzed using content analysis. The findings showed that cancer and treatment turns people's lives upside down, affecting the entire family. Further, the parents experience the child's suffering and must cope with intense feelings. Radiotherapy treatment includes preparation by skilled and empathetic staff. The parents gradually find that they can deal with the process; and lastly, parents have suggestions for improvements during the radiotherapy treatment. An overarching theme emerged: that despair gradually turns to a sense of security, with a sustained focus on and close interaction with the child. In conclusion, an extreme burden was experienced around the start of radiotherapy, though parents gradually coped with the process.