gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mind the gap [electric trains] (2006)

Engineers working on electric trains have struggled with the problem of ensuring that the pantographs keep as much contact with the overhead line as possible without damaging it in one of the harshest environments for electronics known. One system has stepped into the breach. Experience of electronics on trains dictates that both input circuit protection and galvanic isolation are essential (RIA 13 & EN50155). PanChex and the original pantograph telemetry developed by BR Research had used voltage to frequency and voltage to frequency conversion to enable digital transmission of analogue signals over a fibre optic cable. Although this method is useful for simple systems, it suffers from thermal drift. A small change in gain inherently creates a large change in output offset voltage. It was decided from the outset of this project that a standard analogue-to digital converter (ADC) preceded by a high performance instrumentation amplifier would be used to digitise the analogue signals from the sensors.
Computer aided architectural evaluation and design : a cost modelling experiment. (1989)

This dissertation addresses the problem of Computer Aided\nArchitectural Evaluation and Design, with particular reference to\nbuilding cost evaluation and cost modelling. It identifies the lack of\nbuilding evaluation tools in the CAAD environment, and suggests an\nintegrated approach to building modelling and cost modelling. The\ninteraction of elemental and spatial descriptions of a design solution is\nconsidered as an original contribution to the field of computer aided\nbuilding modelling and evaluation. It demonstrates the potential of\nCAAD and Bills of Quantities intergration to give an extra dimension\nto cost modelling at early design stages.\nEssentially, this research project advocates a larger overlap in the use of\ncomputers for the generation and evaluation of design. It asserts that\nany computer aided solution evaluation system must be able to\nconverse with the designer during the highly integrated iteration of\nbriefing, analysis, synthesis and evaluation stages of design. A working\nexample is produced after software specification and implementation,\nto demonstrate to possibilities and/or limitations of such an approach.
Terrain height measurement accuracy of interferometric synthetic aperture radars (1996)

Presents a simple expression for the accuracy with which an interferometer synthetic-aperture radar (IFSAR) can measure terrain elevation. The expression, derived analytically and confirmed by Monte Carlo simulation, accounts for thermal noise, resolution cell size, terrain slope and roughness, volume scattering above the terrain, radar-terrain geometry, interferometer baseline, and radar frequency. This paper takes a "glint" approach to assessing the impact of scatterers distributed in angle. The results show that there is a residual uncertainty in the height of a pixel due to its angular extent, even when the signal-to-noise ratio is very large. The analysis identifies an optimum range resolution for minimizing the height uncertainty for a particular terrain slope.
Joint impulse response shortening for discrete multitone systems (2003)

In discrete multitone (DMT) transceivers, a cyclic prefix is inserted between transmitted symbols such that the linear convolution of the data and the channel impulse response becomes a circular one corresponding to term-by-term product in the frequency domain. If the cyclic prefix length is longer than that of the channel impulse response it avoids the intersymbol interference (ISI). To reduce the inefficiency due to the use of a long cyclic prefix, the use of a time domain equalizer (TEQ) to shorten the effective channel impulse response has been the most popular equalization approach. In this paper, we pose the TEQ problem completely in the frequency domain by defining a cost function in the frequency domain and derive a new learning algorithm for the TEQ training. In the echo-cancellation based DMT system, the TEQ can also be used to jointly shorten the echo response thus can effectively reduce the complexity of the echo-canceller. We define a composite squared cost function to account for these two shortening purposes and derive a new joint shortening algorithm for the TEQ which can effectively reduce the lengths of channel and echo impulse responses simultaneously.
Osteophytes and progression of knee osteoarthritis (2004)

Large osteophytes do not affect the risk of structural progression. They are strongly associated with malalignment to the side of the osteophyte, and any relation they have with progression is partly explained by the association of malalignment with progression.
Systolic implementation of a pipelined on-line backpropagation (2003)

The paper describes the implementation of a systolic array for a multilayer perceptron with a hardware-friendly learning algorithm. A pipelined adaptation of the on-line backpropagation algorithm is shown. It better exploits the parallelism because both the forward and backward phases can be performed simultaneously. As a result, a combined systolic array structure is proposed for both phases. Analytic expressions show that the pipelined version is more efficient than the non-pipelined version. The design is simulated using VHDL at different levels of abstraction to solve three databases and the experimental results agree with analytical estimates. Furthermore, the speed of convergence, the generalization capability and the precision required for both versions are evaluated in order to discuss the neural network performance for the proposed variation-compared with the standard so-called online backpropagation algorithm.
Cloud model for service selection (2011)

Cloud computing is Internet-based computing where computing resources are offered over the Internet as scalable, on-demand services. Web services are widely employed for building distributed cloud applications. Performance of web services may fluctuate due to the dynamic Internet environment, which makes the Quality-of-Service (QoS) inherently uncertain. With the increase of Web services in the Internet, selecting the optimal service from a set of functionally equivalent candidates becomes an important research problem. In this paper, we propose an efficient and effective QoS-aware service selection approach. Our approach first employs cloud model to compute the QoS uncertainty for pruning redundant services while extracting reliable services. Then, mixed integer programming is used to select optimal services. The experimental results show that our approach can provide reliable and efficient optimal service selection for users.
Human vascular smooth muscle in culture. Growth and ultrastructure. (1975)

Mixed primary cultures of endothelial and smooth muscle cells were obtained from human umbilical cord vessels after prolonged collagenase digestion of their luminal surfaces. Morphologically homogeneous populations of vascular smooth muscle were then selectively isolated and subcultured for up to 16 weeks. Ultrastructurally, cultured cells were characterized by the presence of bundles of myofilaments with dense bodies similar to native umbilical vessel smooth muscle. Mature cultures developed a distinctive topographical organization consisting of bands of parallel cells and intertwined, multilayered areas. Elaborate intercellular attachments formed along contiguous cell surfaces. Large amounts of extracellular material accumulated, including amorphous substance, elastic fiber microfibrils, and 250- to 300-A,faintly-banded fibrils. In older cultures, focal proliferation, extracellular material secretion and cellular degeneration produced nodular protrusions somewhat resembling atherosclerotic lesions in vivo. Endothelium and smooth muscle cultured from this readily available human source may provide useful comparative material for pathophysiologic studies of vascular disease.
Predictors of a sustained beneficial response to interferon alfa therapy in chronic hepatitis C (1995)

Predictors of a Sustained Beneficial Response to InterferonAlfa Therapy in Chronic Hepatitis CInterferon alfa was first reported to have beneficial effects in chronic hepatitis C in the mid-l980s,' effects that were subsequently verified in multiple randomized controlled trials performed in many countries throughout the ~o r l d .~. ~ This agent was approved for use as therapy in chronic hepatitis C in 1991, the first and still the only approved therapy for a disease that accounts for at least 30% of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis in the United States.In the several years since the licensing of interferon alfa for chronic hepatitis C, the enthusiasm for this therapy has been tempered by experience.A high proportion of patients have improvements in serum aminotransferases, hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels, and hepatic histology during therapy, but only a small percentage have a long-term beneficial response.6For instance, in a recent European multicenter trial using the standard regimen of interferon alfa recommended in the United States (3 million units thrice weekly for 6 months), the long-term response rate was only 14%.7In our own experience from the Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health, only 11 of 59 treated patients (19%) maintained a sustained response when assessed 1 to 5 years after therapy.Thus, many patients are treated but few have a long-term benefit.Of course, if one could predict which patients would ultimately have a long-term beneficial response to interferon alfa therapy, one might treat only those whose likelihood of a response warranted the expense and discomforts of the 6 months of therapy.It is for this reason that clinical trials as well as most published large series of treatment usually include secondary analyses of predictive factors for a response; comparing the response to therapy according to pretreatment clinical, biochemical, histological, and virological features.Despite many differences in design of these studiesin types of interferon used, doses and drug regimens, patient populations, definitions of response, duration of follow-up, and serological and virological tests methods used-several predictive factors have been found repeatedly to be associated with a high likelihood of a Abbreviations: HCV, hepatitis C virus.
Easy Copper-, Ligand- and Amine-Free Sonogashira Coupling Reaction Catalyzed by Palladium on Carbon at Low Catalyst Loading and by Exposure to Air (2005)

An easy copper-, ligand and amine-free Sonogashira coupling reaction catalyzed by commercially available palladium on carbon with air at low catalyst loading (0.2 mol% Pd) has been developed. Aryl iodides coupled with aromatic alkynes gave good to excellent yields and with aliphatic alkyne gave moderate to good yields. The reaction system is easy to handle.
United Nations/World Bank joint Iraq needs assessment : education sector (2003)

This assessment of the current status of the education sector is divided into two sections corresponding to the present areas of responsibility of the two education ministries. This framework enables alignment with the budgeting process currently under way. The most recent data available showed a marginal increase in the Primary Education net enrollment rate (NER) from the 93 percent registered in 2000. Attendance was not thought to have improved from the 73 percent (49 percent for girls in rural areas) reported in the 2000 MICS survey. In 2000, the major obstacle to attendance was household poverty; insecurity is now an additional factor. Accurate and reliable data on current enrolment rates at secondary level were not accessible. By 1998/1999, the last year for which enrollment rate data were available, the Intermediate Education NER declined to around 40 percent, while the Preparatory Education NER climbed from a very low base to 17 percent.
The regulation and supervision of domestic financial conglomerates (1994)

Financial conglomerates are groups of financial institutions related by ownership or control. Specific regulatory and supervisory issues arise when financial services -- such as commercial and retail banking, securities underwriting and trading, investment management, and insurance underwriting -- are provided by a financial conglomerate structure. The author provides a handbook for authorities responsible for financial conglomerate regulation and supervision, identifying key issues, spelling out regulatory and supervisory alternatives, and describing both preferred solutions and alternatives. He makes reference to the regulatory framework adopted in the European Economic Community. Among the main tools available to the authorities are prudential regulations, accounting consolidation, and consolidated supervision. Prudential regulation for financial conglomerates preferably would be applied on a uniform and fully consolidated basis. Alternatively, existing regulations applicable to different financial sectors can be modified, in particular to mitigate the potential that intragroup transactions overstate capital or earnings. Accounting consolidation of the financial entities in a group is a prerequisite for consolidated prudential regulation and improves the transparency of the group's financial position. The authorities should use consolidated supervision to ensure that the risks from all group entities are identified and assessed.
Error modelling of dual fixed-point arithmetic and its application in field programmable logic (2005)

Dual FiXed-point (DFX) is a new data representation which is an efficient compromise between fixed-point and floating-point representations. DFX has an implementation complexity similar to that of a fixed-point system with the improved dynamic range capability of a floating-point system. Automating the process of DFX scaling optimisation requires the knowledge of its truncation/rounding noise properties. This paper presents truncation and rounding error models for DFX arithmetic as traditional error models do not apply to DFX. The models were tested on a 159-tap FIR filter and the benefits of using DFX over floating-point are demonstrated with implementations on a Xilinx Virtex II Pro.
Wafer Inspection Technology For Submicron Devices (1989)

As processes advance into production of submicron devices, reducing defect density to an acceptable level is becoming a more difficult task. To deal with this problem, new wafer inspection technologies have been developed. The new systems can inspect dense patterned wafers to identify particles and process defects. An improvement over manual inspection is realized in defect sensitivity, inspection speed, and consistency of results. The technologies available for automatic wafer inspection have different capabilities. Therefore, to take advantage of each technology, the methods for system utilization must be considered. The methods involve identification of killer defects and determining the problem cause and required corrective action. This paper will focus on typical defects found in a submicron manufacturing facility. An evaluation of new wafer inspection technology will be described. Examples will be given to illustrate how inspection technology can be applied to solve problems in a production line.
Meeting the challenges of assessing clinincal placement venues in a Bachelor of Nursing program (2004)

Clinical learning is foundational to the University of South Australia’s Bachelor of Nursing program and students are expected to undertake a variety of clinical experiences during the three-year program. The Discipline of Nursing and Rural Health, in collaboration with academics, clinicians and managers, developed an instrument to evaluate contextual learning, involvement and reflection of nursing students during clinical placements. Following a simple research study using the instrument, it was decided to continue such evaluation on an ongoing basis. The instrument was found to be beneficial for students, industry partners and academics in attaining feedback. The purpose of this paper is threefold: to illustrate the process by which the evaluative instrument was developed, to report the results of the survey, and to explore the positive learning outcomes that might result with the use of the instrument.
The Museum Experience (2016)

Interview portion of Podcast version of Lost in the Stacks episode 287, broadcast Jan 15, 2016. Hosted by Ameet Doshi and Charlie Bennett. Featuring an interview with Nate Hill of the Metropolitan New York Library Council about how museums and libraries are working together and in some cases creating similar experiences for users.
Review on rubbers in medicine: natural, silicone and polyurethane rubbers (2013)

Natural, silicone and polyurethane rubbers are considered as three important biomaterials which have found widespread applications in medical technology. Biocompatibility, biodurability, sterilisability, processibility, as well as mechanical properties, such as flexibility and resilience, are properties that make these kinds of rubbers appropriate candidates for medical applications. Medical devices based on natural rubber, silicone and polyurethane rubbers include cardiac pacemaker leads, mammary prostheses, artificial skin, catheters, denture liners, diaphragms, blood pressure cuff coil, tubes and seals. These types of rubbers are commonly used in controlled drug delivery systems as a carrier for pharmaceutical agents and in the fabrication of other medical devices. These polymers were evaluated for release of hormones (e.g. estradiol and progesterone), metronidazole, nonoxynol-9, etc. In this paper, some recent advances on the development of these polymers in the biomedical field and some reports on the modification and improvement of their properties such as drug release and mechanical properties are reviewed.
EFFECT OF GASOLINE ADDITIVES ON GASEOUS EMISSIONS (1974)

This study was designed to develop methodology that might be appropriate in fuel additive testing to determine possible effects on gaseous emissions. Three vehicles and two engines were tested. Additives used were a polybutene-amines, and methycyclopentodienyl manganese tricarbonyl. Both regulated and non regulated gaseous emissions were investigated. Methodology was developed to measure aseous Mn compounds. Analytical techniques are described to measure a variety of nitrogen containing compounds including ammonia, light aliphatic amines, pyridene n-nitrosoamines, nitrosoaromatics, nitroasomatic aromitic nitriles, aromatic amines, hydrogen cyanide, nitromethane, cyanogen, and acetonitrile. Testing procedures and emissions from the engines and vehicles are described.
Five-transistor memory cells in ESFI MOS technology (1973)

Compared with a conventional six-transistor memory cell in complementary MOS technology, a five-transistor cell only needs about 70 percent of the area. Memory matrices have been manufactured on epitaxial silicon films on insulators, using such cells with an area of 5700 /spl mu/m/SUP 2/ (9 mil/SUP 2/). In addition, proposals for a sense circuit are made and the typical data of a 2048-b memory chip are estimated.
Long‐term follow‐up of patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma treated with either buserelin (HOE 766) or orchiectomy: Classification of variables associated with disease outcome (1985)

We compared the clinical efficacy and safety of Buserelin treatment versus orchiectomy in 29 patients with newly diagnosed advanced prostatic cancer. There was no significant difference between the two treatment modalities in 1) reduction of plasma testosterone to below 100 ng/dl after 8 weeks, 2) objective clinical response rates in patients with stage D2 carcinoma, 3) induction of complete remission in patients with stages C and D1 carcinoma, or 4) relapse rates and death rates in patients with stage D2 carcinoma. After scoring stage D2 disease according to our aggressiveness analysis system, we found that patients with less aggressive neoplasms displayed a qualitatively better response and more prolonged remission. These data and the absence of estrogenic effects confirm Buserelin as a favorable alternative to orchiectomy in the treatment of prostatic cancer. Additionally, the study demonstrates the importance of considering the heterogeneity of the aggressiveness of stage D2 disease in assessing the benefits of clinical trials in prostatic carcinoma.
Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars (1993)

The management of keloids and hypertrophic scars can be difficult and frustrating for both patient and physician. A better understanding of keloid pathogenesis may lead to improved therapies by which keloid growth and regrowth may be obviated.
Star wars : Suite (1977)

Suite symphonique tiree de la musique de l'episode IV la serie de longs metrages de meme titre. - Date d'arrangement : 1977
A Business Model Analysis for the Convergence Services of Supply Chain (2007)

In this paper, we explore the merging of supply chains between media and telecommunications as an example of business application of industry convergence. The goal of this study is to provide managerial insight into the various facets of convergence of supply chains so that companies can effectively exploit business opportunities presented by the accelerating process of digital convergence and related technological innovations. In this study, the focus is set on business models, rather than business strategies as such, since digital convergence is an emerging sector that deserves independent attention as a new business concept. We formulated a series of propositions, related to customer value, value network, and supply chain efficiency, using frameworks borrowed from the existing business model literature and value creation theories for internet business. Managerial implications are discussed and applied to DMB (digital multimedia broadcasting), a new telecom-broadcasting convergence business model, recently introduced in South Korea.
Effects of the low lying Dirac modes on the spectrum of ground state mesons (2011)

The lowest eigenmodes of the Dirac operator are related to the dynamical breaking of the chi-ral symmetry in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). In our work we construct quark propagators which exclude a varying number of the lowest Dirac eigenmodes and study the influence thereof on meson correlators and the meson spectrum. That procedure partially restores the chiral sym-metry (in the valence sector) and we observe degeneracies in the spectrum while confinement seems not to be affected.
Effect of latency time in high frequencies on sound localization (2012)

Tactical military headsets allow hearing protection and communication between soldiers using surround technology. In this paper, we investigate the effect of latency time between low and high frequencies on the ability of a person to correctly identify an external sound source direction with tactical military headsets. The latency time between low and high frequencies results from a digital processing unit. Low frequencies from an external sound source are not processed; therefore, they are received in the ear canal before the digitally processed higher frequencies. Two experiments were conducted using non-individualized Head Related Transfer Function and headphones for trained and untrained volunteers. The experiments were done for two types of sources: human speech and white Gaussian noise, and were performed with latency times of zero, 20msec, and 40msec applied to frequencies below 20Hz. The experimental results show that the errors in sound localization accuracy in both experiments are fewer for signals without latency time, compared to processed signals with latency times between low and high frequencies.