gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonhematopoietic Cells Control the Outcome of Infection with<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>in a Nucleotide Oligomerization Domain 1-Dependent Manner (2009)

We analyzed the defensive role of the cytosolic innate recognition receptor nucleotide oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) during infection with Listeria monocytogenes. Mice lacking NOD1 showed increased susceptibility to systemic intraperitoneal and intravenous infection with high or low doses of L. monocytogenes, as measured by the bacterial load and survival. NOD1 also controlled dissemination of L. monocytogenes into the brain. The increased susceptibility to reinfection of NOD1(-/-) mice was not associated with impaired triggering of listeria-specific T cells, and similar levels of costimulatory molecules or activation of dendritic cells was observed. Higher numbers of F480(+) Gr1(+) inflammatory monocytes and lower numbers of F480(-) Gr1(+) neutrophils were recruited into the peritoneum of infected WT mice than into the peritoneum of infected NOD1(-/-) mice. We determined that nonhematopoietic cells accounted for NOD1-mediated resistance to L. monocytogenes in bone marrow radiation chimeras. The levels of NOD1 mRNA in fibroblasts and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) were upregulated after infection with L. monocytogenes or stimulation with different Toll-like receptor ligands. NOD1(-/-) BMM, astrocytes, and fibroblasts all showed enhanced intracellular growth of L monocytogenes compared to WT controls. Gamma interferon-mediated nitric oxide production and inhibition of L. monocytogenes growth were hampered in NOD1(-/-) BMM. Thus, NOD1 confers nonhematopoietic cell-mediated resistance to infection with L. monocytogenes and controls intracellular bacterial growth in different cell populations in vitro.
[CT image of the liver cancer after administration of SMANCS/lipiodol]. (1986)

A new type of anticancer agent with an amphiphilic nature, poly (styrene-co-maleic acid)-conjugated neocarzinostatin [SMANCS], was dissolved in the lipid contrast medium Lipiodol [SMANCS/LPD]. This medium was injected intra-arterially and was found to be an invaluable tool for highly sensitive CT image analysis of tumors. Following administration, CT images revealed high-density areas which corresponded to the location and size of liver cancer, the smallest being 4 mm in diameter. The deposition pattern of SMANCS/LPD in liver cancers by CT was classified into 3 types. In type A, Lipiodol was distributed relatively evenly in the tumor lesion, while in type B it was accumulated predominantly around the tumor periphery, the central portion remaining low in density. A for cases exhibited a type C pattern which was a mixture of types A and B. Type A was found essentially in primary liver cancer, and types B and C in secondary liver cancer. Thus, the CT pattern was found to be useful for differential diagnosis. For a sufficient therapeutic effect, 0.08 ml of SMANCS/LPD per cm2 of the maximal CT cross-section of the tumor area was found to be necessary. As a routine protocol after SMANCS/LPD administration, CT scanning was recommended for primary liver cancer initially at one week and then once every month. Secondary liver cancer required more frequent CT follow-ups after administration, on the 3rd day, after one and two weeks, and every month, due to the relatively rapid disappearance of the stain than in primary liver cancer.
Developing Copy Tests that Estimate Brand Usage (1997)

When the objective of an advertising campaign is to increase the consumption or usage frequency of a package good, copy testing measures must be sensitive to this objective. Since measuring actual usage can be prohibitive in terms of time and money, we present two measures which can be examined in a laboratory -- cognitive responses and usage-intentions. Two different laboratory studies underscore the factors that influence the sensitivity and validity of these two different types of measures. With measures of usage intention, one’s usage frequency of the target brand determines the appropriate measure question. With cognitive responses, the sensitivity is determined by the specificity of the elicitation procedure. Methodological and measurement implications are suggested along with a general method for further testing of stylized measures such as usage.
A Base Integer Programming Model and Benchmark Suite for Liner-Shipping Network Design (2013)

The liner-shipping network design problem is to create a set of nonsimple cyclic sailing routes for a designated fleet of container vessels that jointly transports multiple commodities. The objective is to maximize the revenue of cargo transport while minimizing the costs of operation. The potential for making cost-effective and energy-efficient liner-shipping networks using operations research (OR) is huge and neglected. The implementation of logistic planning tools based upon OR has enhanced performance of airlines, railways, and general transportation companies, but within the field of liner shipping, applications of OR are scarce. We believe that access to domain knowledge and data is a barrier for researchers to approach the important liner-shipping network design problem. The purpose of the benchmark suite and the paper at hand is to provide easy access to the domain and the data sources of liner shipping for OR researchers in general. We describe and analyze the liner-shipping domain applied to network design and present a rich integer programming model based on services that constitute the fixed schedule of a liner shipping company. We prove the liner-shipping network design problem to be strongly NP-hard. A benchmark suite of data instances to reflect the business structure of a global liner shipping network is presented. The design of the benchmark suite is discussed in relation to industry standards, business rules, and mathematical programming. The data are based on real-life data from the largest global liner-shipping company, Maersk Line, and supplemented by data from several industry and public stakeholders. Computational results yielding the first best known solutions for six of the seven benchmark instances is provided using a heuristic combining tabu search and heuristic column generation.
Asymmetric Synthesis of the C1–C16 Segment of Lasonolide A (1999)

The C1–C16-segment of lasonolide A has been prepared stereoselectively in high chemical and optical yield starting from 2α-methyl-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-3-one (rac -1).
A Rational Synthesis of 4-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone, a Flavor Component of Pineapple (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Rational Synthesis of 4-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone, a Flavor Component of PineappleDavid W. Henry and Robert M. SilversteinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 7, 2391–2394Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01345a506https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01345a506research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views332Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A spectroscopic probe of stacking interactions between nucleic acid bases and tryptophan residues of proteins (1979)

The external heavy atom effect of mercury on the spectroscopic properties of the indole ring has been used to investigate stacking interactions of tryptophan with mercurinucleotides in mixed aggregates formed in frozen aqueous solutions as well as in oligopeptide-polynucleotide complexes. This effect is characterized at 77 K by a quenching of the tryptophan fluorescence, an enhancement of the phosphorescence emission and a drastic shortening of the phosphorescence lifetime. These phenomena result from an enhanced spin-orbit coupling due to a close contact between the mercury atom and the indole ring. Dissociation of the complexes leads to a recovery of the spectroscopic properties of the free tryptophan ring. The possible use of this spin-orbit probe to provide evidence for stacking interactions in protein-nucleic acid complexes is discussed.
Vortex fluidic mediated food processing (2019)

The high heat and mass transfer, and controlled mechanoenergy, in angled vortex fluidics has been applied in chemical and material sciences and allied fields, but its utility in food processing remains largely unexplored. Herein we report three models of food processing incorporating such vortex fluidics, including enzymatic hydrolysis, raw milk pasteurization and encapsulation. The processing times of enzymatic hydrolysis was reduced from about 2-3 hours to 20 minutes, with the processing time of raw milk pasteurization reduced from 30 to 10 minutes, and an encapsulated particle size reduced approximately 10-fold, from micro meters to hundreds of nanometers. These findings highlight exciting possibilities, in exploiting the value of vortex fluidic mediated processing in the food industry.
Plasma hypoxanthine reacts more abruptly to changes in oxygenation than base deficit and uric acid in newborn piglets (1997)

Previously, high postmortem concentrations of hypoxanthine have been found in vitreous humor of children dying from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). We wanted to investigate further the accumulation of hypoxanthine in vitreous humor during hypoxia. Twenty-four piglets aged 9-15 days were exposed to continuous hypoxemia (180 min 11% O2, n = 6), long interval intermittent hypoxemia (60 min 11% O2, 20 min room air, n = 7) or short interval intermittent hypoxemia (10 min 9% O2, 10 min room air with (n = 6) or without (n = 5) superimposed ligation of both carotid arteries). The increase in vitreous humor Hyp was four-fold higher (p < 0.01) with ligation of the carotid arteries (14 +/- 2.4 to 38 +/- 8.9 mumol/l) than without ligation (15 +/- 2.8 to 21 +/- 5.9 mumol/l). During continuous hypoxemia, plasma Hyp (r = 0.85), Xa (r = 0.89) uric acid (UA) (r = 0.85), and base deficit (BD) (r = 0.78) increased almost linearly (p < 0.001). Plasma Hyp responded more abruptly to changes in oxygenation than base deficit (BD) and UA. Ligation of the carotid arteries had a strong impact on Hyp accumulation in vitreous humor, suggesting that vitreous humor Hyp is not merely a filtration product of plasma Hyp, but reflects local hypoxia/ischemia in the eye.
Biologic and Therapeutic Determinants of Bone Mineral Density in Multiple Myeloma (1998)

The net impact of malignancy and anti-tumor therapy on bone resorption in myeloma is poorly understood because conventional skeletal radiographs are relatively insensitive for the diagnosis and monitoring of bone disease. We performed determinations of bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine, femoral neck and radial diaphysis by dual energy X ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in 168 consecutive patients with myeloma seen at our institution. Follow up studies were performed in 41 of these patients. A detailed analysis of patient and disease characteristics was performed to identify the determinants of BMD. Compared to normal age and sex matched controls, mean (+/- SE) BMD was significantly decreased at the lumbar spine (Z score -0.4 +/- 0.10) and femoral neck (Z score -1.0 +/- 0.10), but was surprisingly above normal at the radial diaphysis (Z score +0.35 +/- 0.10), a cortical bone site devoid of hematopoietic marrow, suggesting a differential bone preserving effect at this site. Lack of correlation between the BMD findings and the presence or extent of radiographically evident osteolytic lesions suggested the presence of a systemic bone disease. On multivariate analysis, duration of disease >12 months (p = 0.003) and female sex (p = 0.01) were independently associated with a lower BMD at the femoral neck/lumbar spine. On follow up DEXA (n = 41), BMD increased at > or = 1 site in 9 of 20 patients receiving bisphosphonates and in only 2 of 21 patients not receiving such therapy (p = 0.02). Similarly a decline in BMD at > or = 1 site was seen in 9 of 21 patients not receiving bisphosphonates, irrespective of the disease response status. Interval pamidronate therapy (p = 0.0007) and a low serum beta-2-microglobulin (< 2.5 mg/l) (p = 0.04) were the two most significant variables associated with an increase in BMD on multivariate analysis. These data suggest that myeloma is associated with a systemic bone disease with progressive generalized cancellous bone loss and a bone preserving effect on the radial cortical bone. The early use of bisphosphonates may improve myeloma related bone disease.
Effects of Antibody on Viral Kinetics in Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Implications for Vaccination (2004)

Passive antibody treatment of macaques prior to simian/human immunodeficiency virus infection produces "sterilizing immunity" in some animals and long-term reductions in viral loads in others. Analysis of viral kinetics suggests that antibody mediates sterilizing immunity by its effects on the initial viral inoculum. By contrast, reduction in peak viral load later in infection prevents CD4 depletion and contributes to long-term viral control.
Nuclear Quadrupole Coupling in Polyatomic Molecules (1965)

The Gaussian-transform method has been applied to the evaluation of the deuteron and nitrogen-14 quadrupole coupling constant (eqQ/h) with the various minimal and extended basis-set SCF—LCAO—MO functions that are available for the linear polyatomic molecules DCN, C2D2, DF2—, and N3—. Comparisons are made between calculations neglecting and including the three-center integral contributions. The coupling constant is found to be quite sensitive to the choice of basis orbitals, particularly those responsible for the form of the valence-shell charge density. This suggests that the quadrupole coupling constant in polyatomic molecules is a useful criterion for testing the wavefunction obtained in approximate calculations. Of particular interest is the variation in the (eqQ/h)D results for DF2—, which points out the need for an experimental coupling constant measurement for this hydrogen-bonded species.
A Novel Method of Antibacterial Evaluation Based on the Inhibition of Hydrogen Sulfide Producing Activities of Salmonella (2016)

A novel method for detecting antimicrobial activity using an innate property of the Salmonella bacteria, namely, the ability of Salmonella to produce hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was developed in this study. The validity of the method was evaluated by comparing the antibacterial activity of copper to that of aluminum. Salmonella was inoculated over the entire surface of deoxycholate hydrogen sulfide lactose (DHL) agar plates that included Ammonium ferric citrate (C6H8FeN). Approximately 25 μL of cupric chloride (CuCl2, 1% weight ratio) solution or aluminum chloride (AlCl3, 1% weight ratio) solution was added to the center of the medium. The surface of the medium was covered with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films to induce an anaerobic state. Salmonella was cultured under anaerobic conditions at 310 K (37℃) for 86.4 ksec (24 h). The antibacterial activity of copper was determined by observing the medium surface color change due to iron sulfide (FeS) formation, which was caused by the production of H2S by Salmonella; blackness indicated presence of newly formed FeS. A quantitative evaluation of copper's antimicrobial activity was performed using a gradient of CuCl2 concentrations; results were compared with those of the present standard method, Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on the Mueller Hinton medium. Finally, in order to evaluate the antibacterial activity of metals, Salmonella was inoculated on DHL agar plates. Subsequently, Japanese coins (1-yen, 5-yen, 10-yen, 50-yen, 100-yen, and 500-yen coins) were placed on the agar and cultured at 310 K for 86 ksec. Salmonella cultured in the presence of AlCl3 produces black color, while no blackening is observed with CuCl2, suggesting that copper possesses an antibacterial property against Salmonella. CuCl2 suppresses H2S production by Salmonella, as copper ions form a transparent circle or ellipse (new halo) around the point at which CuCl2 had has been plated. The size of the new halo increases in direct proportion to the concentration of CuCl2. The halo is no longer visible at 0.034 mg of CuCl2 in our method, while the halo disappears with 4.34 mg of CuCl2 in the Kirby-Bauer test. Therefore, the present method is 129 times more sensitive than the standard method, suggesting increased usefulness and effectiveness in testing antibacterial activity. No FeS-dependent black circle is formed under any of the coins, with the exception of the 1-yen coin, which contains aluminum and no copper. Therefore, the copper-containing coins have an antibacterial effect.
ChemInform Abstract: THE COMPETITIVE SCISSIONS OF CYCLOALKANE OXIRANES BY CHARGED AND NEUTRAL NUCLEOPHILES IN ACIDIC AQUEOUS METHANOL (1978)

Abstract Die 6 Epoxide (I) bzw. (II) werden in 50 Gew.‐%igem HzO/MeOH bei 2.43°C in Gegenwart von HCl oder HClO 4 gespalten.
The effect of intermittent treatment with sulphadimidine on coccidiosis in preruminant calves (1985)

Preruminant calves excreted coccidia oocysts in their faeces after 3 weeks of group housing. Two weeks of oral sulphadimidine (SDM) administration, 50 mg/kg on the first day of treatment followed by daily administration of 37.5 mg/kg, under the same housing conditions kept the faeces free of oocysts. Three weeks later, these calves excreted oocysts again. Repetition of the same treatment for 2 weeks controlled the infection again, but a second treatment for 5 days did not suffice. The repeated long treatment affected immunoglobulin levels adversely. SDM given repeatedly at a lower dose rate (30 mg/kg) for 1-week periods with medication-free intervals of 1 week controlled the infection and no adverse effects were noted. In comparison with controls, weight gains were greater in treated calves.
Thermodynamic Properties of the Oxides of Fe, Ni, Pb, Cu, and Mn, by EMF Measurements (1968)

A "closed system" solid electrolyte electrochemical cell has been designed to investigate the thermodynamic properties of metal oxides. The measurements with this cell are free of mixed potentials arising from nonequilibrium oxygen pressure conditions in the electrode compartments. The oxide systems investigated include , , , , , , , , and .
MODELING SURVIVAL CURVES OF <i>SALMONELLA</i> SPP. IN CHORIZOS USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS AND REGRESSION (2005)

ABSTRACT Time‐dependent survival curves of Salmonella spp. in chorizos were modeled using both the classical method of statistical regression and the newly introduced method of artificial neural networks (ANNs). The survival curves were obtained experimentally for chorizos formulated at five initial water activity ( A w0 ) levels of 0.85, 0.90, 0.93, 0.95 and 0.97, which had been stored under four different storage conditions: in a refrigerator (Ref) at 6C, at room temperature (RT) of 25C, in a hood (Hd) at 25C with forced inflow air circulation velocity F of 25.4 m/min and in an incubator (Inc) at 30C. The developed models enable prediction of survival curves (log count versus time) for Salmonella in chorizos as affected by a given set of operating conditions ( A w0 , storage temperature [ T ] and F ). Additionally, both the 1D‐ and 2D‐values (time to reduce the count by 1 and 2 logs, respectively) were derived from a number of simulated survival curves and were used to develop regression models ( R 2 = 0.980 and 0.977 for 1D‐ and 2D‐value models, respectively) for predicting these two times as a function of operating conditions. Both 1D‐ and 2D‐values increased with increasing A w0 and decreasing T and F . Additionally, these times were more sensitive to A w0 when the latter was above 0.940, and F was more influential at higher T . The ANN‐based model ( R 2 = 0.967) outperformed the regression‐based model ( R 2 = 0.919) and was also used to develop models for predicting the 1D‐ and 2D‐values as a function of A w0 , T and F .
Synthesis of Pyridazine Derivatives. IV (1962)

Nitration of pyridazine 1-oxide (I), 3-methylpyridazine 2-oxide (II), 3, 6-dimethyl-pyridazine 1-oxide (III), 3-methoxy-6-methylpyridazine 1-oxide (IV), and 3-chloro-6-methylpyridazine 1-oxide (V) afforded nitrated derivatives, which were all assumed to be 4-nitro compound, and it was confirmed that the same position is nitrated with respect to the N-oxide group in (II), (III), (IV), and (V). The nitro group in these compounds substituted with methoxyl by treatment with sodium methoxide. The nitro group alone is reduced by catalytic reduction over palladium-carbon but both the nitro and N-oxide group are reduced by catalytic reduction over Raney nickel, forming aminopyridazines. Effect of a substituent present is marked in nitration and nitration progreses smoothly when an electron-releasing group is present in the ring.
Electric Resistance of Magnetic Domain Wall in NiFe Wires with CoSm Pinning Pads (SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY-Artificial Lattice Allolys) (2000)

A NiFe wire of 1μm width with hard magnetic CoSm pinning pads and Cu electrodes was prepared by electron-beam lithography and lift-off technique. Using the exchange interaction between the NiFe wire and CoSm pads, magnetic structures with and without magentic domain walls were realizecd at zero external field. The electric resistance of the wall state was smaller than that of the no-wall state. The difference of the resistance can be explained by the anisotropic magnetoresistance effect in the domain walls.
Fast direct solution of large-scale volume integral equations with exact arithmetic (2016)

Summary form only given. A new HSS (Hierarchically Semiseparable) direct matrix solution algorithm, including both factorization and inversion, is developed for solving the volume integral equation (VIE) for large-scale electrodynamic analysis. This direct solution algorithm is exact in the sense that the matrix factorization, inversion, and solution do not involve any approximation. The HSS-representation of the VIE dense system has a controlled accuracy, by choosing the rank of admissible blocks to satisfy the prescribed accuracy. Taking into account the rank's dependence with electrical size, the resultant direct VIE solver is shown to have O(N) complexity in memory, O(NlogN) complexity in factorization as well as inversion, and O(N) complexity in solution, irrespective of electrical size. Numerical experiments on large-scale scattering problems involving millions of unknowns have validated the accuracy and complexity of the proposed new direct solver. The proposed factorization and inversion algorithms are also applicable to other integral operators.
Towards a dense high-capacity underwater acoustic network (2010)

Underwater acoustic communications currently offer low data rates. This work outlines the reasons for this, and informed by communication system developments in other fields, envisages means by which data rates can be improved. The improvement can be obtained by operating at higher frequencies and using links of shorter range. It then examines the tasks required to fulfill this vision, and reports on progress towards such improvement.