gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A statistical shape+pose model for segmentation of wrist CT images (2014)

In recent years, there has been significant interest to develop a model of the wrist joint that can capture the statistics of shape and pose variations in a patient population. Such a model could have several clinical applications such as bone segmentation, kinematic analysis and prosthesis development. In this paper, we present a novel statistical model of the wrist joint based on the analysis of shape and pose variations of carpal bones across a group of subjects. The carpal bones are jointly aligned using a group-wise Gaussian Mixture Model registration technique, where principal component analysis is used to determine the mean shape and the main modes of its variations. The pose statistics are determined by using principal geodesics analysis, where statistics of similarity transformations between individual subjects and the mean shape are computed in a linear tangent space. We also demonstrate an application of the model for segmentation of wrist CT images.
Cytotoxic Infection of Hematopoietic Stem and Committed Progenitor Cells by the Parvovirus Minute Virus of Mice Propagation of an Acute Myelosuppression in Culture<sup>a</sup> (1991)

We have investigated the ability of two strains of the parvovirus minute virus of mice to impair mouse hematopoiesis in vitro. We found that the BFU-E and CFU-GM committed progenitors, CFU-Mix pluripotent progenitor, as well as the CFU-S12d, one of the most primitive hematopoietic precursors of the stem cell compartment detectable by colony technique, were similarly inhibited in their proliferative capacity by the immunosuppressive strain MVMi, but not by the prototype virus MVMp. The inhibitory effect correlated with the input of purified MVMi and was reversed by neutralizing MVM antiserum, showing that cytotoxic mechanisms underlying infectious MVMi replication and not operating in MVMp-infected cells were responsible for the reproductive death of hematopoietic precursors. In agreement with this, myeloid nonadherent cells of long-term bone marrow cultures were selectively permissive for MVMi but not for MVMp replication, as judged by viral DNA synthesis, the expression of the nonstructural cytotoxic NS-1 protein, and virus propagation in these cells. Altogether, the suppressive effects mediated by the MVMi cytotoxic infection define a wide lympho-myelotropism not previously reported for this virus. The MVM-mouse model highlights the role that unsuspected virus-hematopoietic compartment interactions may play in bone marrow failures of immunocompromised animal or human hosts.
π-σ-Phosphonic acid organic monolayer–amorphous sol–gel hafnium oxide hybrid dielectric for low-voltage organic transistors on plastic (2009)

A vacuum-free solution processed hybrid dielectric composed of an anthryl-alkyl-phosphonic acid (π-σ-PA) self-assembled monolayer on an amorphous sol–gel processed hafnium oxide (HfOx) is demonstrated for low-voltage organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) on plastic substrates. The π-σ-PA/HfOx hybrid dielectric provides high capacitance (0.54 µF cm−2) and low leakage current (2 × 10−8 A cm−2), and has a chemically and electrically compatible dielectric interface for evaporated and solution processed acene semiconductors. The utility of this dielectric is demonstrated by fabricating pentacene and 6,13-bis(triisopropyl-silylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS-PEN) based OTFTs with operating voltages under 2 V, subthreshold slopes as low as 100 mV dec−1, and average mobilities of 0.32 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 0.38 cm2 V−1 s−1, for pentacene and TIPS-PEN, respectively.
A Monte Carlo study of the acceptance to scattered events in a depth encoding PET camera (1996)

We present a Monte Carlo study of the acceptance to scattered events in a depth encoding large aperture camera (DELAC), a hypothetical PET scanner with the capacity to encode the depth-of-interaction (DOI) of incident /spl gamma/-rays. The simulation is initially validated against the measured energy resolution and scatter fraction of the ECAT-953B scanner. It is then used to assess the response to scattered events in a PET camera made of position encoding blocks of the EXACT HR PLUS type, modified to have DOI resolution through a variation in the photopeak pulse height. The detection efficiency for 511 keV /spl gamma/-rays, as well as for those that scattered in the object or left only part of their energy in the block, is studied for several combinations of DOI sensitivities and block thicknesses. The scatter fraction predicted by the simulation for DELACs of various ring radii is compared to that of the ECAT-953B as a function of the energy threshold. The results indicate that the poorer discrimination of object scatters with depth sensitive blocks does not lead to a dramatic increase of the scatter fraction.
Well-width dependence of radiative and nonradiative recombination times in ZnO/Mg0.12Zn0.88O multiple quantum wells (2001)

A set of ZnO/Mg0.12Zn0.88O multiple quantum wells (MQWs) with well widths, Lw, varying from 6.91 to 46.5 Å has been grown by laser molecular-beam epitaxy. We estimated the Lw dependence of the radiative and nonradiative recombination times of localized excitons at 5 K. Suppression of quantum efficiency can be avoided even in the MQWs having small Lws studied in this work. Effects of excitonic localization are discussed in order to explain the Lw dependence of radiative recombination time at 5 K.
TRH-lnduced Growth Hormone (GH) Release in Rats of Both Sexes: Changes in Pituitary Response after Gonadectomy and During the Estrous Cycle (1977)

In both intact adult male and female rats anesthetized with tribromoe-thanol, the iv injection of thyrotropin-re-leasing hormone (TRH) evoked GH release within 2 min following the injection. The GH response to TRH was greater in males than in females and this response was significantly diminished by short-term (6 days) orchidectomy. In females, the GH response to TRH was maximal in estrus and minimal in diestrus day 2, showing intermediate values at proestrus and diestrus day 1. Long-term ovariectomy decreased the response. Pituitary GH content and concentration were higher in males than in females. Orchidectomy was followed by a significant decrease in pituitary GH values, whereas ovariectomy resulted in increased GH content and concentration. The results indicate that the gonads can modify pituitary GH response to TRH and, therefore, play a physiological role in modulating the stimulatory effect that the hypothalamus exerts on GH release through the secretion of substances with GH-releasing activity.
Gate oxide thickness effect on hot carrier reliability in 0.35 /spl mu/m NMOS device (1994)

The purpose of this paper is to study nMOS hot carrier reliability dependence on gate oxide thickness in 0.35 /spl mu/m devices. It is found that the gate oxide thickness effect in 0.35 /spl mu/m NMOS is primarily due to channel inversion charge difference and not due to smaller mobility degradation in thinner oxide as previously reported for 0.8 /spl mu/m NMOS.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reversion to pamidronate after switch to zoledronic acid in children with bone disease (2019)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences on calcified tissues ISSN 2052-1219 (online)
The State of OA: A large-scale analysis of the prevalence and impact of Open Access articles (2017)

Despite growing interest in Open Access (OA) to scholarly literature, there is an unmet need for large-scale, up-to-date, and reproducible studies assessing the prevalence and characteristics of OA. We address this need using oaDOI, an open online service that determines OA status for 67 million articles. We use three samples, each of 100,000 articles, to investigate OA in three populations: 1) all journal articles assigned a Crossref DOI, 2) recent journal articles indexed in Web of Science, and 3) articles viewed by users of Unpaywall, an open-source browser extension that lets users find OA articles using oaDOI. We estimate that at least 28% of the scholarly literature is OA (19M in total) and that this proportion is growing, driven particularly by growth in Gold and Hybrid. The most recent year analyzed (2015) also has the highest percentage of OA (45%). Because of this growth, and the fact that readers disproportionately access newer articles, we find that Unpaywall users encounter OA quite frequently: 47% of articles they view are OA. Notably, the most common mechanism for OA is not Gold, Green, or Hybrid OA, but rather an under-discussed category we dub Bronze: articles made free-to-read on the publisher website, without an explicit Open license. We also examine the citation impact of OA articles, corroborating the so-called open-access citation advantage: accounting for age and discipline, OA articles receive 18% more citations than average, an effect driven primarily by Green and Hybrid OA. We encourage further research using the free oaDOI service, as a way to inform OA policy and practice.
Microstructural Evolution of Intermetallic Compound Layers Formed in Fe/Zn Binary Diffusion Couples (2005)

The microstructural evolution of intermetallic compound layers formed in Fe/Zn diffusion couples (DCs) was examined by optical and scanning electron microscopies and electron-probe microanalysis. In the solid-Fe/liquid-Zn DCs at 450°C, the δp phase nucleates between the δk, and ζ phases after dipping for about 100 s and every intermediate phase seems to obey the square root law individually before and after the appearance of the δpphase at 100 s. In the concentration-penetration profiles, a composition gap is observed in the δp phase of the solid-Fe/liquid-Zn DCs dipped for a long time at temperatures ranging from 450 to 550°C, while only a singular point, but no gap, is obtained in the DCs dipped at elevated temperatures over 575°C. On the other hand, in the case of the solid-Fe/solid-Zn DCs at 400°C, the d phase instead of the δpphase appeares later between the δpand Γphases and finally covers the whole δ region.
Hydrogen Sulfide Suppresses Outward Rectifier Potassium Currents in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes (2012)

This is the first demonstration of effects of H₂S on cardiac electrophysiology of human ventricular-like, atrial-like and nodal-like cardiomyocytes. It reaffirmed the inhibitory effect of H₂S on I(CaL) and revealed additional novel inhibitory effects on I(f), I(Ks) and I(Kr) currents in human cardiomyocytes.
Staphylococcal superantigen-like 5 binds PSGL-1 and inhibits P-selectin–mediated neutrophil rolling (2006)

Staphylococcus aureus secretes several virulence factors interfering with host-cell functions. Staphylococcal superantigen-like (SSL) proteins are a family of 11 exotoxins with structural homology to superantigens but with generally unknown functions. Recently, we described that chemotaxis inhibitory protein of Staphylococcus aureus (CHIPS(31-121)), a potent inhibitor of C5a-induced responses, is structurally homologous to the C-terminal domain of SSL5. Here, we identify P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), involved in the initial rolling of neutrophils along the endothelium, as a target for SSL5. SSL5 specifically bound to Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing PSGL-1 (CHO-PSGL-1), which was dependent of sulfation and sialylation. Furthermore, SSL5 bound to PSGL-1/Ig fusion protein immobilized on a biosensor chip. SSL5 affected binding of soluble P-selectin/Fc chimera, the principle ligand of PSGL-1, to CHO-PSGL-1 cells and inhibited adhesion of neutrophils to immobilized P-selectin under static conditions. Under flow conditions SSL5 strongly decreased neutrophil rolling on immobilized P-selectin/Fc and activated human endothelial cells. In conclusion, SSL5 interferes with the interaction between PSGL-1 and P-selectin, suggesting that S aureus uses SSL5 to prevent neutrophil extravasation toward the site of infection. This makes SSL5 a potential lead for the development of new anti-inflammatory compounds for disorders characterized by excessive recruitment of leukocytes.
Distributed power network co-design with on-chip power supplies and decoupling capacitors (2011)

With each technology generation, the power delivery network becomes larger and more complicated, making the system analysis process computationally complex. The rising number of on-chip power supplies and intentional decoupling capacitors inserted throughout an integrated circuit further complicates the analysis of the power distribution network. Interactions among the on-chip power supplies, decoupling capacitors, and load circuitry are investigated in this paper. The on-chip power supplies and decoupling capacitors within the power network are simultaneously co-designed and placed. The effect of physical distance on the power supply noise is investigated. This methodology changes conventional practices where the power distribution network is designed first, followed by the placement of the decoupling capacitors.
A location representation for generating descriptive walking directions (2005)

An expressive representation for location is an important component in many applications. However, while many location-aware applications can reason about space at the level of coordinates and containment relationships, they have no way to express the semantics that define how a particular space is used. We present Lair, an ontology that addresses this problem by modeling both the geographical relationships between spaces as well as the functional purpose of a given space. We describe how Lair was used to create an application that produces walking directions comparable to those given by a person, and a pilot study that evaluated the quality of these directions. We also describe how Lair can be used to evaluate other intelligent user interfaces.
In silico discovery of Acinetobacter baumannii genes involved in microaerobiosis resistance. (2020)

Motivation: the infectious ability of Acinetobacter baumannii combined with its antibiotic resistant profile turn this bacteria into 
a objective with global priority, being currently highlighted by the World Health Organization as one of the most relevant 
resistant bacteria. Thanks to the development of Next-Generation Sequencing Methods, we can apply bioinformatics tools to 
analyse data that give us information about the behaviour of the bacteria under different conditions, which gives us the 
opportunity to discover new pharmacological targets that allow us to fight against infections by A. baumannii. 
Methods: We use data from RNA-Seq technique, obtained from A. baumannii ATCC 17978 growth in two different conditions: 
normoxia (21% O2) and microaerobiosis (0.1-0.3% O2). The first one is the regular situation, while the second one is the 
condition that the bacteria suffer when an infection occurs, especially across an injury, during the inflammatory phase. The 
results of this transcriptomic experiment were subjected to a bioinformatic workflow, starting with the quality analysis and 
trimming process, followed by the alignment of the reads and their quantification, until the differential expression analysis, whose 
results were filtered according to fold change value (R2>=1) and p-value (padj<0.05). Additionally, we want to improve the 
current annotation from A. baumannii ATCC 17978 genome. For that purpose, three sources of candidates were combined: 
GenBank available information, Prokka predictions and AnaBlast predictions. With this annotation, we can associate possible 
paths and processes in which the differential expression genes could be implicated, by a functional enrichment analysis using 
GO terms and KEGG, and the packages from R programming languages, such as Bioconductor and Clusterprofiler.Results: 
Resultados obtenidos. No tienen porque aparecer todos los apartados (se puede prescindir de alguno de ellos, o todos). No 
mas de 2500 caracteres el total del resumen. Incluir aparte (en el apartado de debajo) 1-3 referencias bibliograficas. 
Conclusions: The differentially expressed genes are enriched in X and Y, and these pathways have later been reviewed and 
completed by manual annotation using specific proteins databases. This could give us key information about the behaviour of 
the bacteria when it is found in hypoxia during the infection, and we could even find some factors involved in its virulence.
The determination of the constitutive relationships for a human aorta (1970)

Abstract A testing technique was developed that enabled an aortic vascular specimen to be analyzed in a quasi‐physiological environment. The data that was gathered from human and bovine aortas provided the basis for the formulation of the time dependent constitutive relationships describing the viscoelastic behavior of an aorta subjected to a “normal” pressure pulse.
Advances in dairy product science and technology (2017)

Advances in Dairy Product Science & Technology offers a comprehensive review of the most innovative scientific knowledge in the dairy food sector. Edited and authored by noted experts from academic and industry backgrounds, this book shows how the knowledge from strategic and applied research can be utilized by the commercial innovation of dairy product manufacture and distribution. Topics explored include recent advances in the dairy sector, such as raw materials and milk processing, environmental impact, economic concerns and consumer acceptance. \n\nThe book includes various emerging technologies applied to milk and starter cultures sources, strategic options for their use, their characterization, requirements, starter growth and delivery and other ingredients used in the dairy industry. The text also outlines a framework on consumer behavior that can help to determine quality perception of food products and decision-making. Consumer insight techniques can help support the identification of market opportunities and represent a useful mean to test product prototypes before final launch. This comprehensive resource:\n\nAssesses the most innovative scientific knowledge in the dairy food sectorReviews the latest technological developments relevant for dairy companiesCovers new advances across a range of topics including raw material processing, starter cultures for fermented products, processing and packagingExamines consumer research innovations in the dairy industry\n\nWritten for dairy scientists, other dairy industry professionals, government agencies, educators and students, Advances in Dairy Product Science & Technologyincludes vital information on the most up-to-date and scientifically sound research in the field.
THE RELATION OF DIET, CIGARETTE SMOKING, AND ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION TO PLASMA BETA-CAROTENE AND ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL LEVELS (1988)

The relation of diet and nutritional supplements, cigarette use, alcohol consumption, and blood lipids to plasma levels of beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol was studied among 330 men and women aged 18-79 years. Dietary carotene, preformed vitamin A, and vitamin E intake were estimated by a self-administered semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The correlation of dietary carotene with plasma beta-carotene was reduced in smokers compared with nonsmokers (r = 0.02 vs. 0.44 among men; r = 0.19 vs. 0.45 among women). Smokers had much lower plasma levels of beta-carotene than did nonsmokers (geometric mean 8.5 vs. 15.3 micrograms/dl for men; 17.3 vs. 26.3 micrograms/dl for women) despite only slightly lower intakes of carotenoids. In multiple regression analyses, men who smoked one pack per day had 72% (95% confidence interval (CI) 58-89) of the plasma beta-carotene levels of nonsmokers after accounting for dietary carotene and other variables; for women, the corresponding percentage was 79% (CI 64-99). In similar models, men drinking 20 g of alcohol per day had 76% (CI 65-88) of the beta-carotene levels of nondrinkers; women had 89% (CI 73-108) of the levels of nondrinkers. An interaction term for carotene intake and smoking was statistically significant in a model combining both sexes. These results suggest that plasma levels of beta-carotene among smokers and, perhaps, heavy consumers of alcohol may be reduced substantially below levels due to differences in diet. The correlation of calorie-adjusted intake of vitamin E with lipid-adjusted plasma levels of vitamin alpha-tocopherol was 0.53 for men (n = 137) and 0.51 for women (n = 193) and did not differ by alcohol consumption and cigarette use; these correlations were largely accounted for by use of vitamin supplements. In linear regression models, vitamin E intake and plasma lipids were significant predictors of plasma alpha-tocopherol levels.
Nonlinear optics in a dual moded waveguide semiconductor optical amplifier (2002)

We have completed an extensive simulation study of four wave mixing (FWM) and two wave mixing (TWM) in a dual moded semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). We have also completed beam propagation studies of the device with adiabatic mode sorters and have developed a practical fabrication approach to building a device which requires one regrowth step.
Flexible Packaging of Ground Roasted Coffee (1985)

Flexible laminates are the primary means of packaging ground roasted coffee in most European countries while the metal can still predominates in the United States. Designs of various flexible packaging systems are described and data are provided on several films and laminate constructions. Single part and two part flexible packs each have some advantages; both are cheaper than metal cans. Several barrier systems in flexible packages are already suitable for institutional packs (shelf life of 5-6 months) while structures containing metalized polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film or aluminum foil (ALU) provide shelf lives of over one year for general consumer use.
An experimental target recognition system for airborne laser radar imagery (2002)

An experimental target recognition system (XTRS) for detecting and recognizing target vehicles in laser radar imagery is discussed. XTRS is a model-based system with four major processing stages; detection, extraction, decomposition, and matching. Recognition decisions are made by comparing image features and their spatial relationships to a hierarchical library of target appearance models. Laser radar sensors and the imagery they produce are briefly described. XTRS and its processing stages are described. System performance on several data sets is discussed
Acute mountain sickness in disability and adaptive sports: Preliminary data (2008)

Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is a frequent complication for military personnel, veterans, athletes, and travelers at high altitudes. Symptoms may occur in individuals with less cerebrospinal fluid volume and less ability to accommodate increased brain volume. No studies on AMS exist in individuals with neurological impairments. We studied 64 subjects, including active and sedentary controls and those with tetraplegia, paraplegia, multiple sclerosis, and traumatic brain injury at the 2007 National Veterans Winter Sports Clinic in Snowmass, Colorado. Subjects completed three Lake Louise Score surveys to quantify symptoms. We found a higher than expected occurrence of AMS overall (51.6%) but no differences among groups, and few participants sought treatment. Fatigue and weakness were common symptoms. High subject activity levels may explain these findings. More research is warranted on larger sample sizes and on preventative medications and treatments for AMS, especially since many military personnel with neurological impairments are returning to full active service.