gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tetrathiomolybdate versus Trientine in the Initial Treatment of Neurologic Wilson's Disease (2007)

Background: The initial treatment of the neurologic presentation of Wilson's disease is problematic. Penicillamine, used for years on most patients, causes neurologic worsening in up to half of such patients, and half of those who worsen never recover. Zinc, ideal for maintenance therapy, is too slow for these acutely ill patients. We have developed tetrathiomolybdate (TM) for this type of patient, and it has worked well in open label studies. Trientine, another anticopper drug on the market approved for penicillamine intolerant patients, had not been tried in this type of patient. Here, we report on a double blind trial of TM versus trientine in the neurologically presenting Wilson's disease patient. Design and Methods: The study was a double blind design in which patients received either TM plus zinc, or trientine plus zinc, for 8 weeksThis study was originally published in reference 1. Patients were accepted if they presented with neurologic symptoms from Wilson's disease, if they had not been treated longer than 4 weeks with penicillamine or trientine. Patients were followed in the hospital for the 8 weeks of treatment with weekly semiquantitative neurologic and speech examinations, to evaluate possible neurologic worsening. They also had blood and urine studies done weekly. At discharge from hospital they were continued on zinc maintenance therapy, and returned at yearly intervals for 3 years for further evaluation. Results: Twenty-three patients were entered into the trientine arm and 6 reached criteria for neurologic deterioration, while 25 patients were entered into the TM arm and only 1 deteriorated (p < 0.05). One patient on trientine had an adverse event while 7 on TM had adverse events. All adverse events were mild. Four patients in the trientine arm died during follow-up, 3 having shown initial neurologic deterioration, 2 patients in the TM arm died. In those patients who did not deteriorate or die, neurologic and speech recovery over 3 years was good. Interpretation: TM is a superior choice to trientine for the initial therapy of neurologic Wilson's disease.
Enhancement in blood-tumor barrier permeability and delivery of liposomal doxorubicin using focused ultrasound and microbubbles: evaluation during tumor progression in a rat glioma model (2015)

Effective drug delivery to brain tumors is often challenging because of the heterogeneous permeability of the 'blood tumor barrier' (BTB) along with other factors such as increased interstitial pressure and drug efflux pumps. Focused ultrasound (FUS) combined with microbubbles can enhance the permeability of the BTB in brain tumors, as well as the blood-brain barrier in the surrounding tissue. In this study, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) was used to characterize the FUS-induced permeability changes of the BTB in a rat glioma model at different times after implantation. 9L gliosarcoma cells were implanted in both hemispheres in male rats. At day 9, 14, or 17 days after implantation, FUS-induced BTB disruption using 690 kHz ultrasound and definity microbubbles was performed in one tumor in each animal. Before FUS, liposomal doxorubicin was administered at a dose of 5.67 mg kg(-1). This chemotherapy agent was previously shown to improve survival in animal glioma models. The transfer coefficient Ktrans describing extravasation of the MRI contrast agent Gd-DTPA was measured via DCE-MRI before and after sonication. We found that tumor doxorubicin concentrations increased monotonically (823 ± 600, 1817 ± 732 and 2432 ± 448 ng g(-1)) in the control tumors at 9, 14 and 17 d. With FUS-induced BTB disruption, the doxorubicin concentrations were enhanced significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.0001 at days 9, 14, and 17, respectively) and were greater than the control tumors by a factor of two or more (2222 ± 784, 3687 ± 796 and 5658 ± 821 ng g(-1)) regardless of the stage of tumor growth. The transfer coefficient Ktrans was significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced compared to control tumors only at day 9 but not at day 14 or 17. These results suggest that FUS-induced enhancements in tumor drug delivery are relatively consistent over time, at least in this tumor model. These results are encouraging for the use of large drug carriers, as they suggest that even large/late-stage tumors can benefit from FUS-induced drug enhancement. Corresponding enhancements in Ktrans were found to be variable in large/late-stage tumors and not significantly different than controls, perhaps reflecting the size mismatch between the liposomal drug (~100 nm) and Gd-DTPA (molecular weight: 938 Da; hydrodynamic diameter: ≃2 nm). It may be necessary to use a larger MRI contrast agent to effectively evaluate the sonication-induced enhanced permeabilization in large/late-stage tumors when a large drug carrier such as a liposome is used.
Normalized, segmented or called aCGH data? (2007)

Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) is a high-throughput lab technique to measure genome-wide chromosomal copy numbers. Data from aCGH experiments require extensive pre-processing, which consists of three steps: normalization, segmentation and calling. Each of these pre-processing steps yields a different data set: normalized data, segmented data, and called data. Publications using aCGH base their findings on data from all stages of the pre-processing. Hence, there is no consensus on which should be used for further down-stream analysis. This consensus is however important for correct reporting of findings, and comparison of results from different studies. We discuss several issues that should be taken into account when deciding on which data are to be used. We express the believe that called data are best used, but would welcome opposing views.
Dipole source analyses of laser evoked potentials obtained from subdural grid recordings from primary somatic sensory cortex (2011)

The cortical potentials evoked by cutaneous application of a laser stimulus (laser evoked potentials, LEP) often include potentials in the primary somatic sensory cortex (S1), which may be located within the subdivisions of S1 including Brodmann areas 3A, 3B, 1, and 2. The precise location of the LEP generator may clarify the pattern of activation of human S1 by painful stimuli. We now test the hypothesis that the generators of the LEP are located in human Brodmann area 1 or 3A within S1. Local field potential (LFP) source analysis of the LEP was obtained from subdural grids over sensorimotor cortex in two patients undergoing epilepsy surgery. The relationship of LEP dipoles was compared with dipoles for somatic sensory potentials evoked by median nerve stimulation (SEP) and recorded in area 3B (see Baumgärtner U, Vogel H, Ohara S, Treede RD, Lenz FA. J Neurophysiol 104: 3029-3041, 2010). Both patients had an early radial dipole in S1. The LEP dipole was located medial, anterior, and deep to the SEP dipole, which suggests a nociceptive dipole in area 3A. One patient had a later tangential dipole with positivity posterior, which is opposite to the orientation of the SEP dipole in area 3B. The reversal of orientations between modalities is consistent with the cortical surface negative orientation resulting from superficial termination of thalamocortical neurons that receive inputs from the spinothalamic tract. Therefore, the present results suggest that the LEP may result in a radial dipole consistent with a generator in area 3A and a putative later tangential generator in area 3B.
SIMULATION OF NONLINEAR SYSTEMS WITH SPARSE INPUT VECTORS USING eRe (2004)

In this work, the Cross Refe renced Coordinate (CRq method is introduced for computation ally efficient analysis and simulation of nonlinear systems encountering a class of sparse vectors. In CRC techniq ue, the non-zero sections of the vector are used to form a matrix known as the eRC equivalent representation of the sparse vector. The system operators including the convolution has been modified to operate with these equivalent matrices. A non-iterative algorithm is developed to provide the solution to nonlinear dynamic systems. In contrast with existing solutions, convergence of this algorithm is not an issue. A general purpose MA TLAB toolbox is presented which is capa ble of simulation of nonlinear systems based
An international collaborative study of the assay of the potency of poliomyelitis sera. (1962)

As a first step towards the standardization of poliomyelitis vaccine, the neutralizing antibody titres of ten test antipoliomyelitis sera were measured in nine laboratories in different countries in comparison with a reference preparation. A standard neutralization test was not used by all laboratories and in general those neutralizing the serum-virus mixtures at a temperature of 37 degrees C obtained higher titres than those laboratories using lower temperatures. When the potencies of the test sera were calculated, in terms of the reference preparation, there was good agreement by all laboratories with sera of similar neutralizing capacity. The reference sera used in this study have proved useful for obtaining relative potencies for poliomyelitis sera of different neutralizing capacity and of different origin. These potencies have been shown to vary much less from one laboratory to another than did the uncorrected titres.For technical reasons, these reference preparations are not considered ideal for international standard preparations, and new sera have been prepared for this purpose.
Usefulness of Mammography of Mastectomy Site for Breast Cancer (1998)

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of routine mammography in the detection of local recurrence of breast cancer after mastectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical and mammographic records of 45 patients whounderwent modified mastectomy due to breast cancer were prospectively reviewed. The methods of mastectomy wereAuchincloss (n=36), Patey (n=8) and simple resection (n=1). RESULTS:s Among the 45 patients, five palpable lesionswere detected on physical examination: two of the five were confirmed as tumor recurrence; on mammography, anodule with microcalcifications and low-density lesion was seen, but the other three were benign. In 40 patientsthe results of palpation were negative and during follow-up (mean, 10.9 months ) no newly developed lesions wereseen. On mammography, ten of 45(22.2%) patients showed abnormalities, namely local skin thickening(n=4,40%),increased density in subcutaneous tissue(n=2,20%), nodules(n=2,20%), benign calcification(n=1,10%) and focallow-density lesion(n=1,10%), but only one case with a nodule was confirmed to be recurrence. CONCLUSION: Routinemammography of a mastectomy site was not useful for the differentiation of palpable lesions.
Blood flow in the calves during surgery. (1977)

The volume flow in the calves was measured by means of plethysmography in 14 patients who had a cholecystectomy and in 3 patients who had a wedge biopsy of the breast. The blood flow increased 100% during abdominal surgery, while no change was observed during the extraabdominal operation. When the legs were placed horizontally during cholecystectomy clear signs of venous pooling were observed. Venous pooling in the calves increased when pillows were placed in the popliteal fossae to prevent over-stretching of the knees. Elevation of the legs 20 degrees in the hip joints decreased the venous stasis considerably. Except for intermittent effects on the circulation caused by strong retraction of the intestines, no clear-cut change in the degree of venous stasis was observed during the course of a cholecystectomy.
An ‘open’ structure of the RecOR complex supports ssDNA binding within the core of the complex (2013)

Efficient DNA repair is critical for cell survival and the maintenance of genome integrity. The homologous recombination pathway is responsible for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks within cells. Initiation of this pathway in bacteria can be carried out by either the RecBCD or the RecFOR proteins. An important regulatory player within the RecFOR pathway is the RecOR complex that facilitates RecA loading onto DNA. Here we report new data regarding the assembly of Deinococcus radiodurans RecOR and its interaction with DNA, providing novel mechanistic insight into the mode of action of RecOR in homologous recombination. We present a higher resolution crystal structure of RecOR in an 'open' conformation in which the tetrameric RecR ring flanked by two RecO molecules is accessible for DNA binding. We show using small-angle neutron scattering and mutagenesis studies that DNA binding does indeed occur within the RecR ring. Binding of single-stranded DNA occurs without any major conformational changes of the RecOR complex while structural rearrangements are observed on double-stranded DNA binding. Finally, our molecular dynamics simulations, supported by our biochemical data, provide a detailed picture of the DNA binding motif of RecOR and reveal that single-stranded DNA is sandwiched between the two facing oligonucleotide binding domains of RecO within the RecR ring.
Occurrence of Thermophilic Campylobacter spp. Contamination on Vegetable Farms in Malaysia (2009)

The aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. (Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli) in soil, poultry manure, irrigation water, and freshly harvested vegetables from vegetable farms in Malaysia. C. jejuni was detected in 30.4% and 2.7% of the soil samples, 57.1% and 0% of the manure samples, and 18.8% and 3% of the vegetable samples from farm A and farm B, respectively, when using the MPNPCR method. Campylobacter spp. was not found in any of the irrigation water samples tested. Therefore, the present results indicate that the aged manure used by farm A was more contaminated than the composted manure used by farm B. Mostly, the leafy and root vegetables were contaminated. C. coli was not detected in any of the samples tested in the current study. Both farms tested in this study were found to be contaminated by campylobacters, thereby posing a potential risk for raw vegetable consumption in Malaysia. The present results also provide baseline data on Campylobacter contamination at the farm level.
Castor: Scalable Secure Routing for Ad Hoc Networks (2010)

Wireless ad hoc networks are inherently vulnerable, as any node can disrupt the communication of potentially any other node in the network. Many solutions to this problem have been proposed. In this paper, we take a fresh and comprehensive approach that addresses simultaneously three aspects: security, scalability and adaptability to changing network conditions. Our communication protocol, Castor, occupies a unique point in the design space: it does not use any control messages except simple packet acknowledgments, and each node makes routing decisions locally and independently without exchanging any routing state with other nodes. Its novel design makes Castor resilient to a wide range of attacks and allows the protocol to scale to large network sizes and to remain efficient under high mobility. We compare Castor against four representative protocols from the literature. Our protocol achieves up to two times higher packet delivery rates, particularly in large and highly volatile networks, while incurring no or only limited additional overhead. At the same time, Castor is able to survive more severe attacks and recovers from them faster.
Tomographic processing of Antartica's data (1993)

In this paper, we will demonstrate the application of traveltime tomographic processing to a data set acquired in Antarctica's Ross Sea, The seismic data were shot by the OGS (Osservatorio Geofisico Sperimentale in Trieste, Italy) during its Antarctic summer mission of 1987-1988. Along with the seismic data collection, gravity and magnetic surveys were carried out. Standard seismic processing was applied to the acquired data, including velocity analysis based on the computation of hyperbolic moveout stacking velocities.
Influence of Water‐Miscible Aprotic Solvents on α‐Chymotrypsin Stability (1996)

Abstract The influence of five different water‐miscible aprotic solvents (dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, acetone, and tetrahydrofuran) on the stability of immobilized α‐chymotrypsin adsorbed onto Celite, has been studied. In all cases, α‐chymotrypsin exhibited non‐first‐order deactivation kinetics, which were adequately analyzed by a two‐step series‐type deactivation model. The main effects of solvents were observed in the first‐step of the kinetic mechanism. The most hydrophilic solvent (DMSO) enhanced greatly the enzyme stability, while the increase in solvent hydrophobicity determines a loss in their protective effect. For the most assayed hydrophobic solvent (THF) a denaturative effect was always showed. These facts were also observed from the analysis of the evolution of the half‐live of the enzyme, as a function of the solvent concentrations and the water distribution between both the macro‐ and microenvironment of the enzyme.
Polysodium <i>N</i>-Undecanoyl-<scp>l</scp>-leucylvalinate:  A Versatile Chiral Selector for Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography (2003)

Dipeptide micelle polymers are a new class of polymeric surfactants of which the polysodium undecanoyl-L-leucylvalinate (poly-L-SULV) was found to be a broadly applicable chiral selector for micellar electrokinetic chromatography. This negatively charged dipeptide micelle polymer is a high molecular weight compound with large countercurrent mobility, zero critical micelle concentration, low aggregation number, and high solubility in water or water-organic solvents. In an extensive chiral screening program, enantioseparation of 75 racemic compounds was tested with poly-L-SULV as chiral pseudostationary phase in neutral pH and basic pH background electrolytes. A total of 58 out of 75 racemic compounds could be resolved after choosing an appropriate concentration of poly-L-SULV. Although anionic chiral analytes are difficult to resolve using poly-L-SULV, the percent success rate for chiral resolution of cationic (77%) and neutral (85%) racemates was very high. Aspects regarding electrostatic, steric, hydrophobic, and hydrogen-bonding interactions of this dipeptide micelle polymer with various classes of chiral analytes are discussed.
Structural basis for phosphorylation and lysine acetylation cross-talk in a kinase motif associated with myocardial ischemia and cardioprotection. (2014)

VOLUME 289 (2014) PAGES 25890–25906 The affiliation listed for Dr. Engholm-Keller was incorrect. Dr. Engholm-Keller's affiliation should read as follows: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
The Electrical Control of Growth in Plant Tissue Cultures: The Polar Transport of Auxin (1985)

Goldsworthy, A. and Rathore, K. S. 1985. The electrical control of growth in plant tissue cultures: The polar transport of auxin.—J. exp. Bot. 36: 1134-1141. The reasons for a many-fold stimulation of shoot formation and a 60-70% stimulation of growth in tobacco callus caused by passing a very weak electric current (1 or 2 /rA) between the callus and the culture medium have been investigated. The stimulation of callus growth occurred only when the callus was made negative to the medium and then only when IAA was added. It was abolished, even in the presence of IAA, by the addition of TIBA which is an inhibitor of polar auxin transport, and also when the IAA was substituted by either IAN or the synthetic auxin 2,4-D, neither of which show significant polar transport. This suggests that the electrical treatment may have aligned the physio logical polarities of the callus cells so as to promote the polar transport of IAA into the tissue when the callus was negative to the medium. If so, the enhanced shoot formation may have been due to the parallel orientation of the growth axes of individual cells so as to make the production of organ forming meristems more likely. The mechanism of the effect and its relationship to the natural forces
A SIMPLIFIED 8 × 8 TRANSFORMATION AND QUANTIZATION REAL-TIME IP-BLOCK FOR MPEG-4 H.264/AVC APPLICATIONS: A NEW DESIGN FLOW APPROACH (2007)

Current multimedia design processes suffer from the excessively large time spent on testing new IP-blocks with references based on large video encoders specifications (usually several thousands lines of code). The appropriate testing of a single IP-block may require the conversion of the overall encoder from software to hardware, which is difficult to complete in the short time required by the competition-driven reduced time-to-market demanded for the adoption of a new video coding standard. This paper presents a new design flow to accelerate the conformance testing of an IP-block using the H.264/AVC software reference model. An example block of the simplified 8 × 8 transformation and quantization, which is adopted in FRExt, is provided as a case study demonstrating the effectiveness of the approach.
Historical Development of Hot‐Dip Galvanizing (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: References
Other Optical Elements (2016)

All kinds of optical elements can be incorporated into the optomechanical constraint equations, following the same procedures as discussed in previous chapters. This chapter will present the flat-fold mirror, the powered mirror, the window, the diffraction grating, and the prism. The flat-fold mirror shown in Fig. 4.1 uses three coordinate systems: one for the object, one for the mirror, and one for the image. Since a flat-fold mirror changes the direction of the optical axis, these coordinate systems might not be either parallel or congruent. The magnification of the flat fold mirror is 1.0. With light coming from left to right, the object coordinate system has its origin at the point where the object crosses the incident optical axis (or its projection, as shown in the figure). Note that the object in this case is behind the mirror. Its positive Z axis is opposed to the direction of the incident light, and its Y-axis direction is upward. The X axis completes a right-handed coordinate system for the object of the mirror. The mirror’s coordinate system has its origin at the point where the optical axis intercepts the mirror surface; its positive Z axis is normal to the mirror surface on the incident side, and the Y-axis direction is upward (on the same side of the incident axis as the object’s Y axis). The X axis completes a righthanded coordinate system for the mirror. The image’s coordinate system has its origin at the point where the image crosses the reflected optical axis. Its positive Z axis is against the imaging light (toward the mirror), and its Y axis is an image of the object’s Y axis. The image’s X axis completes a right-handed coordinate system. Note that the image’s X axis has flipped to the opposite side of the mirror’s Y-Z plane from the object’s X axis.