gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Classical ghost imaging with opto-electronic light sources: novel and highly incoherent concepts (2017)

In conventional imaging systems, the emitted light from a source interacts with an object and the intensity of the transmitted or reflected light is captured by a spatially resolving detector. In this thesis, a fundamentally different imaging principle has been studied, known as ghost imaging (GI). In contrast to conventional imaging, GI exploits the intensity correlations of light to form an image of an object. A ghost image is obtained by measuring the total intensity of the transmitted or reflected light of an illuminated object and the spatially resolved intensity of a highly-correlated reference beam which itself has never interacted with the object. The information of both intensities alone is not enough to form an image of the object. However, image reconstruction can be achieved by correlating the two intensities. Intriguingly, the spatial resolution of the ghost image is provided by the non-interacting reference beam. The work presented in this thesis joins into the continuous strive for making GI applicable to real-world sensing and imaging fields. The title: Classical ghost imaging with opto-electronic emitters, reflects one of the approaches to this objective. The second approach is what rather sets this thesis apart from other ongoing work on GI. Instead of utilizing state-of-the-art detection systems, novel GI configurations are developed.
Temperature‐dependent Raman investigation of CuInS<sub>2</sub>with mixed phases of chalcopyrite and CuAu (2011)

Abstract CuInS 2 thin films with mixed phases of chalcopyrite (CH) and CuAu (CA) were prepared by using sulfurization of co‐evaporated CuIn alloy films. Detailed temperature‐dependent Raman scattering was carried out on the CuInS 2 films at temperatures ranging from 83 to 693 K. The temperature dependences of Raman shifts were well fitted by using the Ridley model for both the CH and the CA A 1 modes. The Raman frequency softening upon increasing the sample temperature could be well described by the combined contributions of both thermal expansion and three/four‐phonon anharmonic processes. Different Raman linewidths broadening behaviors were observed for the CH and CA A 1 modes at temperature below ∼400 K. For the CH A 1 mode, the fitting using multiple‐phonon anharmonic process matched the experimental linewidth data very well, while for the CA A 1 mode, the multiple‐phonon fitting could only match the experimental linewidth data at high temperature. At low temperature, the unusual temperature‐dependent broadening of the CA A 1 mode was believed to arise from the phonon scattering at the CH/CA phase boundary, which encompassed the nano‐sized CA domains embedded in the CH crystallite. It was found that the intensity ratio between CA A 1 and CH A 1 modes ( I (CA)/ I (CH)) was more reliable in assessment of CH crystallinity at different temperature than CH A 1 linewidth. According to the temperature dependence of I (CA)/ I (CH), it showed that no phase transformation took place during the test.
Deaf-Mute Communication Interpreter (2013)

Abstract- Communications between deaf-mute and a normal person have always been a challenging task. The project aims to facilitate people by means of a glove based deaf-mute communication interpreter system. The glove is internally equipped with five flex sensors, tactile sensors and accelerometer. For each specific gesture, the flex sensor produces a proportional change in resistance and accelerometer measures the orientation of hand. The processing of these hand gestures is in Arduino. The glove includes two modes of operation – training mode to benefit every user and an operational mode. The concatenation of letters to form words is also done in Arduino. In addition, the system also includes a text to speech conversion (TTS) block which translates the matched gestures i.e. text to voice output. Keywords—Deaf-Mute, communication, gesture, Flex sensor, tactile sensors, accelerometer, TTS. data processing. Another challenge in image and video processing includes variant lighting conditions, backgrounds and field of view constraints and occlusion. The sensor based technique offers greater mobility. The main aim of this paper is to present a system that can efficiently translate American Sign Language[1] gestures to both text and auditory voice. The interpreter here makes use of a glove based technique comprising of flex sensor [7], tactile sensors [2] and accelerometer. For each hand gesture made a signal is produced by the sensors corresponding to the hand sign [3] [9] the controller matches the gesture with pre-stored inputs. The device not only translates alphabets but can also forms words using made gestures. Training mode is offered in device so that it fits every user and accuracy is increased. The device can also be made to translate larger gestures that require single hand movement. I.
Evidence that insulin activates fat-cell acetyl-CoA carboxylase by increased phosphorylation at a specific site (1982)

1. A new rapid method for the purification of fat-cell acetyl-CoA carboxylase is described; the key step is sedimentation after specific polymerization by citrate. 2. Incubation of epididymal fat-pads or isolated fat-cells with insulin or adrenaline leads to a rapid increase or decrease respectively in the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase measured in fresh tissue extracts. The persistence of the effect of insulin through high dilution of tissue extracts and through purification involving precipitation with (NH4)2SO4 suggests that the enzyme undergoes a covalent modification after exposure of intact tissue to the hormone. The opposed effects of insulin and adrenaline are not adequately explained through modification of a common site on acetyl-CoA carboxylase, since these hormones bring about qualitatively different alterations in the kinetic properties of the enzyme measured in tissue extracts. 3. The state of phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase within intact fat-cells exposed to insulin was determined, and results indicate a small but consistent rise in overall phosphorylation of the Mr-230000 subunit after insulin treatment. 4. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase from fat-cells previously incubated in medium containing [32P]phosphate was purified by immunoprecipitation and then digested with performic acid and trypsin before separation of the released phosphopeptides by two-dimensional analysis. Results obtained show that the exposure of fat-cells to insulin leads to a 5-fold increase in incorporation of 32P into a peptide which is different from those most markedly affected after exposure of fat-cells to adrenaline. 5. These studies indicate that the activation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase in cells incubated with insulin is brought about by the increased phosphorylation of a specific site on the enzyme, possibly catalysed by the membrane-associated cyclic AMP-independent protein kinase described by Brownsey, Belsham & Denton [(1981) FEBS Lett. 124, 145-150].
Decoding the Content of Delayed Intentions (2011)

Rostrolateral prefrontal cortex (RLPFC) plays a key role in our ability to postpone the execution of intended behaviors until after another activity has been performed. However, it is poorly understood in computational terms. One crucial question is whether RLPFC represents the content of delayed intentions or plays a nonspecific role. In this human functional magnetic resonance imaging study (n = 32), RLPFC was active while participants stored delayed intentions during a distracting ongoing task. Multivariate analysis showed that the intended cue for future action and the intended behavior could be decoded from distinct posterior brain regions. However, the content of intentions could not be decoded from RLPFC itself. Functional connectivity analysis showed that RLPFC increased its coupling with content-representing regions during intention storage. Furthermore, trials with relatively high RLPFC activity were associated with enhanced decoding. Thus, RLPFC may enable realization of delayed intentions via interactions with posterior brain regions, which represent their content.
Effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha on Dendritic Cell Accumulation in Lymph Nodes Draining the Immunization Site and the Impact on the Anticryptococcal Cell-Mediated Immune Response (2002)

Cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) have been shown to be essential in acquired protection against Cryptococcus neoformans. Induction of a protective anticryptococcal CMI response includes increases in dendritic cells (DC) and activated CD4(+) T cells in draining lymph nodes (DLN). During the expression phase, activated CD4(+) T cells accumulate at a peripheral site where cryptococcal antigen is injected, resulting in a classical delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction. Induction of a nonprotective anticryptococcal CMI response results in no significant increases in the numbers of DC or activated CD4(+) T cells in DLN. This study focuses on examining the role of TNF-alpha in induction of protective and nonprotective anticryptococcal CMI responses. We found that neutralization of TNF-alpha at the time of immunization with the protective immunogen (i) reduces the numbers of Langerhans cells, myeloid and lymphoid DC, and activated CD4(+) T cells in DLN and (ii) diminishes the total numbers of cells, the numbers of activated CD4(+) T cells, and amount of gamma interferon at the DTH reaction site. Although TNF-alpha neutralization during induction of the nonprotective CMI response had little effect on cellular and cytokine parameters measured, it did cause a reduction in footpad swelling when mice received challenge in the footpad. Our findings show that TNF-alpha functions during induction of the protective CMI response by influencing the accumulation of all three DC subsets into DLN. Without antigen stimulated DC in DLN, activated CD4(+) T cells are not induced and thus not available for the expression phase of the CMI response.
Rapid build‐up of a pyrophoric polymer in ethylene plant deethanizer and depropanizer columns (1984)

Abstract The rapid build‐up of pyrophoric polymer in the deethanizer and depropanizer distillation columns in ethylene manufacture has resulted in many unscheduled shut‐downs. Polymer formed in the columns of an Eastern Canadian petrochemical plant was found to consist of a reactive copolymer of butadiene. It absorbed oxygen more rapidly and at lower temperatures than commercial polybutadiene. Some of the peroxidic oxygenated products, which were formed, decomposed exothermally in air at temperatures from ambient to 145°C. The mechanism of polymer formation, the products of oxidation, reagents for deactivating the polymer, and suggestions for reducing the rate of polymer formation and cleaning the columns are described.
Mechanisms of deadenylation‐dependent decay (2010)

Degradation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) plays an essential role in modulation of gene expression and in quality control of mRNA biogenesis. Nearly all major mRNA decay pathways characterized thus far in eukaryotes are initiated by deadenylation, i.e., shortening of the mRNA 3(') poly(A) tail. Deadenylation is often a rate-limiting step for mRNA degradation and translational silencing, making it an important control point for both processes. In this review, we discuss the fundamental principles that govern mRNA deadenylation in eukaryotes. We use several major mRNA decay pathways in mammalian cells to illustrate mechanisms and regulation of deadenylation-dependent mRNA decay, including decay directed by adenine/uridine-rich elements (AREs) in the 3(') -untranslated region (UTR), the rapid decay mediated by destabilizing elements in protein-coding regions, the surveillance mechanism that detects and degrades nonsense-containing mRNA [i.e., nonsense-mediated decay (NMD)], the decay directed by miRNAs, and the default decay pathway for stable messages. Mammalian mRNA deadenylation involves two consecutive phases mediated by the PAN2-PAN3 and the CCR4-CAF1 complexes, respectively. Decapping takes place after deadenylation and may serve as a backup mechanism to trigger mRNA decay if initial deadenylation is compromised. In addition, we discuss how deadenylation impacts the dynamics of RNA processing bodies (P-bodies), where nontranslatable mRNAs can be degraded or stored. Possible models for mechanisms of various deadenylation-dependent mRNA decay pathways are also discussed.
Relation between insulin resistance and carotid intima‐media thickness and stenosis in non‐diabetic subjects. Results from a cross‐sectional study in Malmö, Sweden (2000)

Fasting serum insulin covaries with a number of factors and conditions known to influence the development of atherosclerosis. It is concluded that the association between insulin resistance, as assessed by the HOMA method in non-diabetic subjects, and atherosclerosis is explained by its covariance with established risk factors for cardiovascular disease of which hypertension seems to be the most significant.
Molecular and genetic characterization of an Alcaligenes eutrophus insertion element (1992)

An insertion element, ISAE1, was discovered during the molecular analysis of mutants defective in the autotrophic growth (Aut-) of Alcaligenes eutrophus H1-4, a mitomycin C-generated derivative of strain H1. ISAE1 is 1,313 bp long, has 12-bp nearly perfect inverted terminal repeats, and contains an open reading frame that has a coding capacity of 408 amino acids. Direct repeats of 8 bp were generated by insertion of ISAE1 into chromosomes or plasmids. Most insertion were found in the AT-rich target sites. The distribution of ISAE1 is limited to A. eutrophus H1 (ATCC 17698) and H16 (ATCC 17699). Variants with newly transposed copies of ISAE1 could be isolated at an elevated frequency by changing the growth conditions.
The learning organization: adapted from The fifth discipline by Peter Senge. (2000)

In his book The Fifth Discipline, Peter Senge presents a system of thinking and acting that can be the basis for reducing the "learning disabilities" in an organization. In an article, written from the perspective of a multidepartmental health care manager, the author reviews Senge's disciplines and how they relate to running a department today.
Monoclonal antibody to cytokeratin for use in routine histopathology. (1984)

CAM 5.2 is a murine monoclonal antibody, raised against the colon carcinoma cell line HT29, which recognises lower molecular weight intracellular cytokeratin proteins within secretory epithelia. Extensive indirect immunohistochemical studies have confirmed that this antibody stains formalin fixed (and freshly frozen) normal and malignant human tissue in a consistent manner. Reliable staining of conventionally processed pathological tissues provides more accurate identification and staging of human malignant epithelial diseases.
<b>cooccur</b>: Probabilistic Species Co-Occurrence Analysis in<i>R</i> (2016)

The observation that species may be positively or negatively associated with each other is at least as old as the debate surrounding the nature of community structure which began in the early 1900's with Gleason and Clements. Since then investigating species co-occurrence patterns has taken a central role in understanding the causes and consequences of evolution, history, coexistence mechanisms, competition, and environment for community structure and assembly. This is because co-occurrence among species is a measurable metric in community datasets that, in the context of phylogeny, geography, traits, and environment, can sometimes indicate the degree of competition, displacement, and phylogenetic repulsion as weighed against biotic and environmental effects promoting correlated species distributions. Historically, a multitude of different co-occurrence metrics have been developed and most have depended on data randomization procedures to produce null distributions for significance testing. Here we improve upon and present an R implementation of a recently published model that is metric-free, distribution-free, and randomization-free. The R package, cooccur, is highly accessible, easily integrates into common analyses, and handles large datasets with high performance. In the article we develop the package's functionality and demonstrate aspects of co-occurrence analysis using three sample datasets.
Human Sensing Using Visible Light Communication (2015)

We present LiSense, the first-of-its-kind system that enables both data communication and fine-grained, real-time human skeleton reconstruction using Visible Light Communication (VLC). LiSense uses shadows created by the human body from blocked light and reconstructs 3D human skeleton postures in real time. We overcome two key challenges to realize shadow-based human sensing. First, multiple lights on the ceiling lead to diminished and complex shadow patterns on the floor. We design light beacons enabled by VLC to separate light rays from different light sources and recover the shadow pattern cast by each individual light. Second, we design an efficient inference algorithm to reconstruct user postures using 2D shadow information with a limited resolution collected by photodiodes embedded in the floor. We build a 3 m x 3 m LiSense testbed using off-the-shelf LEDs and photodiodes. Experiments show that LiSense reconstructs the 3D user skeleton at 60 Hz in real time with 10 degrees mean angular error for five body joints.
Recursive flexible multibody system dynamics using spatial operators (1992)

This paper uses spatial operators to develop new spatially recursive dynamics algorithms for flexible multibody systems. The operator description of the dynamics is identical to that for rigid multibody systems. Assumed-mode models are used for the deformation of each individual body. The algorithms are based on two spatial operator factorizations of the system mass matrix. The first (Newton-Euler) factorization of the mass matrix leads to recursive algorithms for the inverse dynamics, mass matrix evaluation, and composite-body forward dynamics for the systems. The second (innovations) factorization of the mass matrix, leads to an operator expression for the mass matrix inverse and to a recursive articulated-body forward dynamics algorithm. The primary focus is on serial chains, but extensions to general topologies are also described. A comparison of computational costs shows that the articulated-body, forward dynamics algorithm is much more efficient than the composite-body algorithm for most flexible multibody systems.
Physical Properties of Aerosolized Immunoglobulin for Inhalation Therapy (1995)

Animal studies suggest that passive immunization by intratracheal application of gammaglobulins may succeed in treating small children and infants with severe lower respiratory tract infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Since proteins foam easily when stirred up or used with compressed air, the feasibility of nebulization of the immunoglobulin solution (IVIG, Sandoglobulin) had to be tested. The therapeutic effect of a drug delivered via inhalation is proportional to the mass of aerosol deposited in the lungs. For a fixed breathing pattern, the amount deposited per unit of time in the thoracic region depends on mass flow rate and distribution of aerosol mass by droplet size. Both these variables were determined in relation to the weight concentration (osmolality), viscosity, and surface tension of the IVIG solution for four compressed air nebulizers. The mass flow rate of the spray decreases as the weight concentration of the solution increases, but droplet size distribution does not change. If the IVIG solution does not exceed 5% and the airflow rate is 6 L/min, a mass flow of about 150 mg to 250 mg (7.5 to 12.5 mg IVIG) per minute is obtained, depending on the physical characteristics of the nebulizer used. Low mass median diameter of about 2 microns and a mass distribution with a high percentage of the droplets below 6 microns will allow optimum intrapulmonary deposition in infants.
Lock-based synchronization for GPU architectures (2016)

Modern GPUs have shown promising results in accelerating compute-intensive and numerical workloads with limited data sharing. However, emerging GPU applications manifest ample amount of data sharing among concurrently executing threads. Often data sharing requires mutual exclusion mechanism to ensure data integrity in multithreaded environment. Although modern GPUs provide atomic primitives that can be leveraged to construct fine-grained locks, the existing GPU lock implementations either incur frequent concurrency bugs, or lead to extremely low hardware utilization due to the Single Instruction Multiple Threads (SIMT) execution paradigm of GPUs.
Behavior of adaptive beamformers based on cyclostationary signal properties in multipath environments (2002)

The paper investigates the stationary points of a nonconvex cost function, proposed previously by the authors for adaptive beamforming, in a correlated environment. A typical multipath situation where a linear digital modulated signal is incident on the array through different paths is considered. It is shown that the points at which the minima of the cost function occur correspond to beamformer weights which provide perfect intersymbol interference removal. In effect, the beamformer combines all the multipath signals to perform a spatial equalization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sensitivity to the discriminative stimulus and antinociceptive effects of mu opioids: role of strain of rat, stimulus intensity, and intrinsic efficacy at the mu opioid receptor. (1999)

Effects of low (butorphanol, nalbuphine)-, intermediate (buprenorphine)-, and high (morphine, levorphanol)-efficacy mu opioids were examined in F344, Sprague-Dawley (SD), Long-Evans (LE), and Lewis rats using a tail withdrawal and a drug discrimination procedure. In the tail withdrawal procedure using low (50 degrees C), intermediate (52 degrees C), and high (56 degrees C) water temperatures, morphine and levorphanol produced maximal effects in each of the strains and were most potent in F344 and least potent in Lewis. Similar differences across strains were obtained with buprenorphine, and at the high intensity, maximal effects were not obtained in Lewis. At the low intensity, butorphanol produced maximal effects in F344 and SD at relatively low doses, half-maximal effects in LE at very high doses, and no effect in Lewis. Nalbuphine produced near maximal effects in F344 and SD when tested with the low intensity and no effect in the LE and Lewis. Similar results were obtained at the intermediate intensity for these opioids, although the absolute level of antinociception was lower. These results indicate that there are profound differences to the antinociceptive effects of mu opioids across rat strains. The magnitude of these differences increased with higher stimulus intensities and when tested with lower efficacy opioids. In rats trained to discriminate morphine (3.0 or 5.6 mg/kg) from water, there were no consistent differences across rat strains to the effects of these mu opioids. Possible reasons for differences between the results obtained in the tail withdrawal and drug discrimination procedures are discussed.