gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Concurrent Circuit Design/Process Engineering in a (1993)

The main idea presented in this paper is that the current sequential approach to circuit design, process development and IC manufacturing leads to serious inefficiencies. One of the major goals of the synthesis project should be to find ways to allow these three activities to be carried out concurrently by eliminating their current detachment. Towards this goal the University researchers participating in this study should contribute ideas which should address the current gaps in TCAD, CIM, CAM, etc. Examples of the time-activity lines of microprocessor design and change of a product to a new process technology are given and illustrate the need of an integrated and concurrent approach. We also suggest concepts for a synthesis framework and its functional components. We metaphorically call these key ideas tent poles to underscore the need to push out the interconnecting frameworks to support process synthesis.
A Study of the Reaction of β-D-Glucose Pentaacetate with Phosphorus Pentachloride (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Study of the Reaction of β-D-Glucose Pentaacetate with Phosphorus PentachlorideWilliam G. Dauben and C. Wheaton VaughanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 6, 1674–1675Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01611a080https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01611a080research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views213Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Direct Identification of a Bacterial Manganese(II) Oxidase, the Multicopper Oxidase MnxG, from Spores of Several Different Marine <i>Bacillus</i> Species (2007)

Microorganisms catalyze the formation of naturally occurring Mn oxides, but little is known about the biochemical mechanisms of this important biogeochemical process. We used tandem mass spectrometry to directly analyze the Mn(II)-oxidizing enzyme from marine Bacillus spores, identified as an Mn oxide band with an in-gel activity assay. Nine distinct peptides recovered from the Mn oxide band of two Bacillus species were unique to the multicopper oxidase MnxG, and one peptide was from the small hydrophobic protein MnxF. No other proteins were detected in the Mn oxide band, indicating that MnxG (or a MnxF/G complex) directly catalyzes biogenic Mn oxide formation. The Mn(II) oxidase was partially purified and found to be resistant to many proteases and active even at high concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Comparative analysis of the genes involved in Mn(II) oxidation from three diverse Bacillus species revealed a complement of conserved Cu-binding regions not present in well-characterized multicopper oxidases. Our results provide the first direct identification of a bacterial enzyme that catalyzes Mn(II) oxidation and suggest that MnxG catalyzes two sequential one-electron oxidations from Mn(II) to Mn(III) and from Mn(III) to Mn(IV), a novel type of reaction for a multicopper oxidase.
Solid‐Phase Sequence Analysis of Polypeptides Eluted from Polyacrylamide Gels (1982)

An approach to sequencing proteins by the solid-phase method combined with isolation of proteins and polypeptides by gel electrophoresis is described. Mixtures of proteins or polypeptides resulting from digests are fractionated in the presence of dodecylsulphate in polyacrylamide gels. They are detected with Coomassie blue, eluted, selectively reacted with porous glass derivatives and sequenced in their amino-terminal regions with the aid of a new microsequencer. Alternatively they can be analysed or digested with enzymes and fingerprinted. It is a relatively rapid method of purifying proteins for sequence analysis which we have used to provide partial protein sequence data to complement DNA sequences. Nine genes, four from the unc operon of Escherichia coli encoding the alpha, beta, gamma and epsilon subunits of ATP synthase and five for capsid proteins of bacteriophage lambda, have been identified by this method.
Adipose tissue: A vital in vivo role in mammary gland development but not differentiation (2002)

Development and differentiation of the mammary gland occurs by means of critical stromal-epithelial interactions. Although many studies have attempted to understand these complex interactions, it has been difficult to demonstrate the essential role of adipose tissue in the development and function of the mammary gland. By using the A-ZIP/F-1 transgenic mice lacking in white adipose tissue (WAT), we have studied the role of adipocytes in mammary gland development and differentiation. In the absence of WAT, rudimentary mammary anlagen form but are unable to grow and branch normally, resulting in a few, short, severely distended ducts. However, during pregnancy, a tremendous amount of epithelial cell division and alveolar cell formation occurs even in the absence of adipocytes, illustrating that adipose tissue is not required for mammary gland differentiation. Mammary gland transplantation revealed that epithelial cells from these transgenic mice possess the potential for normal growth and differentiation when placed into a normal stromal environment. These experiments clearly demonstrate that the absence of adipocytes in the mammary gland results in disruption of stromal-epithelial interactions that prevent normal mammary gland development. The rudimentary epithelial anlage, however, contain mammary stem cells, which are fully capable of alveolar differentiation.
Deep learning in DFM applications (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Machine learning is a powerful tool to learn a predictive model which can give a statistical or probabilistic solution to a problem. It has widely been applied to major issues in design for manufacturing field, such as SRAF generation, compact resist model and lithography hotspot detection. Although it is sometimes considered as an effective technique that solves serious problems, a reliable solution is rarely achieved without detailed understanding of the problem and appropriate problem formulation. In this paper, we will discuss basic concept and recent results of machine learning applications in design for manufacturing.
Cytosolic Proteins Regulate α-Synuclein Dissociation from Presynaptic Membranes (2006)

Intracellular accumulation of insoluble alpha-synuclein in Lewy bodies is a key neuropathological trait of Parkinson disease (PD). Neither the normal function of alpha-synuclein nor the biochemical mechanisms that cause its deposition are understood, although both are likely influenced by the interaction of alpha-synuclein with vesicular membranes, either for a physiological role in vesicular trafficking or as a pathological seeding mechanism that exacerbates the propensity of alpha-synuclein to self-assemble into fibrils. In addition to the alpha-helical form that is peripherally-attached to vesicles, a substantial portion of alpha-synuclein is freely diffusible in the cytoplasm. The mechanisms controlling alpha-synuclein exchange between these compartments are unknown and the possibility that chronic dysregulation of membrane-bound and soluble alpha-synuclein pools may contribute to Lewy body pathology led us to search for cellular factors that can regulate alpha-synuclein membrane interactions. Here we reveal that dissociation of membrane-bound alpha-synuclein is dependent on brain-specific cytosolic proteins and insensitive to calcium or metabolic energy. Two PD-linked mutations (A30P and A53T) significantly increase the cytosol-dependent alpha-synuclein off-rate but have no effect on cytosol-independent dissociation. These results reveal a novel mechanism by which cytosolic brain proteins modulate alpha-synuclein interactions with intracellular membranes. Importantly, our finding that alpha-synuclein dissociation is up-regulated by both familial PD mutations implicates cytosolic cofactors in disease pathogenesis and as molecular targets to influence alpha-synuclein aggregation.
Bioactive polyurethanes in clinical applications (2006)

Abstract Biomaterials play an important role in most tissue engineering strategies. They can serve as substrates on which cell populations can attach and migrate, can be used as cell delivery vehicles and as bioactive factor carriers to activate specific cellular functions. A series of biodegradable polyurethanes (PUs) with tunable chemical, physical and degradation properties, showing an adequate response to in vitro tests was proposed for applications in soft tissue engineering. Three‐dimensional scaffolds of superimposed square meshed grids were prepared by using a rapid prototyping technique (pressure activated microsyringe, PAM) and tested in vivo . Functionalization of PU systems was performed in order to control the chemistry of the materials for the promotion of highly specific binding interactions between materials and biological environments. Two different approaches were used for the coupling of bioactive molecules such as gelatin. The first involved the modification of the polymer chain through a novel monomer and the second one consisted in a surface modification by plasma‐induced graft copolymerization of acrylic acid. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stereostructure of a Novel Cytotoxic 18-Membered Macrolactone Antibiotic FD-891 (2002)

The absolute stereochemistry of FD-891, a novel cytotoxic 18-membered macrolactone antibiotic, was determined by a synthetic approach as well as X-ray diffraction of degradative derivatives. The absolute configuration of FD-891 turned out to be as shown above. The stable conformer of FD-891 was also discussed with respect to biological activity by comparison with the structurally related concanamycin A on the bases of molecular mechanics calculations. [structure: see text]
Zone Electrophoresis on Sponge Rubber (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTZone Electrophoresis on Sponge RubberH. K. Mitchell and L. A. HerzenbergCite this: Anal. Chem. 1957, 29, 8, 1229Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60128a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60128a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views32Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Variability of results of recent acute endovascular trials: a statistical analysis (2015)

Five recent trials have shown the benefit of endovascular treatment in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation.1–5 There were a lot of commonalities between the trials. The key ones were: most patients had clinically severe ischemic stroke; most patients had small core based on imaging; all patients had neurovascular imaging to detect the presence of proximal vessel occlusion; most patients had an M1±intracranial internal carotid artery occlusion; a stent retriever was used for clot retrieval in the majority of patients.6–8 There were also commonalities in the results: all trials used the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days and used shift analysis (EXTEND-IA was a phase IIB study with reperfusion and/or NIH Stroke Scale at 24 h as the primary outcome; however this trial also reported mRS at 90 days as their secondary analysis); all trials showed a statistically significant benefit of endovascular treatment over the control arm. The complication rates (symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage) of endovascular treatment were exceedingly low across all trials.

There were, nonetheless, some differences between these trials. The key differences were: some trials had a lot of focus on speed and workflow (ESCAPE and SWIFT PRIME), some trials used CT perfusion for patient selection (EXTEND-IA and most of the patients …
Photoelectron Transfer in Zeolite Cages and Its Relevance to Solar Energy Conversion (2011)

The cages and channels of aluminosilicate zeolites provide a novel environment for molecular and nanoparticle assembly for photochemical reactions. In their dehydrated forms, zeolites can be active participants in reactions with photoexcited entrapped molecules as electron donors and acceptors. The charge-separated species thus formed are stabilized for hours. With hydrated zeolites, the encapsulation and the restricted mobility can result in long-lived charge-separated species. In order to exploit intrazeolitic photoelectron transfer, the role of structural defects, steric effects, electrostatic polarizing fields, and extraframework cations in formation and stabilization of charge-separated species needs to be better elucidated. Such efforts will be facilitated with better control of synthesis of molecular and nanoparticle assemblies within the zeolite, rather than the random distribution mostly practiced to date. Artificial photosynthetic assemblies within zeolites aimed toward practical photolytic water splitting have potential because of varied ways of charge transport, including via the framework or molecules, as well as the synthesis of zeolite membranes that can propagate light, cations, and electrons over macroscopic distances. Assembly of catalysts capable of multielectron/hole processes within and at zeolite interfaces needs to be coupled with photochemical systems. Better integration strategies for combining efficient light collection, directed charge separation/propagation, and catalysis are necessary for practical impact.
(Invited) High Performance and Highly Uniform Metal Hi-K Gate-All-Around Silicon Nanowire MOSFETs (2010)

We demonstrate undoped-body, gate-all-around (GAA) Si nanowire (NW) MOSFETs with excellent electrostatic scaling. These NW devices, with a TaN/Hf-based gate stack, have high drive-current performance with NFET/PFET IDSAT = 825/950 uA/um (circumference-normalized) or 2592/2985 uA/um (diameter-normalized) at supply voltage VDD = 1 V and off-current IOFF = 15 nA/um. Superior NW uniformity is obtained through the use of a combined hydrogen annealing and oxidation process. Clear scaling of short-channel effects versus NW size is observed.
Surface temperature measurement of plasma facing components with pulsed active pyrometry (2013)

In fusion devices, like Tore Supra, the surface temperature of the carbon plasma facing components (PFC) is measured by standard infrared (IR) system in real time for control of integrity of PFCs. The emissivity of carbon is known and high (ε∼0.8–0.9) and therefore the contribution of the reflected flux in the total flux collected can be neglected. For future tokamaks like WEST and ITER, PFCs will be in metal (Be/W) with low and variable emissivities (ε∼0.1–0.4). Consequently, the surface temperature measurement will become challenging due to low emissivity and non-negligible reflected fluxes. The pulsed active pyrometry proposed in this paper allows a punctual surface temperature measurement independently of the emissivity and the reflected fluxes. Experimental results for aluminium and tungsten samples are reported. In addition it is shown that using the local measurement by active pyrometry, an overall 2D standard IR perturbed by a reflected flux can be corrected to recover the full 2D real surface temperature.
Three-dimensional head kinematics and cervical range of motion in the diagnosis of patients with neck trauma. (1996)

There is potential for biomechanical analysis to objectively detect abnormalities. The statistical model yielded moderate to high sensitivity and specificity using 3D helical-axis parameters of the head and standard ROM. The model development will continue via this process in future studies. These data could be a first step toward the creation of useful, noninvasive protocols for the diagnosis and management of soft tissue trauma of the neck.
Tunable interaction in (.mu.-oxamido)copper(II) binuclear complexes (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTunable interaction in (.mu.-oxamido)copper(II) binuclear complexesYves Journaux, Jorunn Sletten, and Olivier KahnCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1985, 24, 24, 4063–4069Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00218a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00218a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views322Altmetric-Citations161LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Pairwise mixture model for unmixing partial volume effect in multi-voxel MR spectroscopy of brain tumour patients (2017)

Multi-Voxel Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MV-MRS) provides an important and insightful technique for the examination of the chemical composition of brain tissue, making it an attractive medical imaging modality for the examination of brain tumours. MRS, however, is affected by the issue of the Partial Volume Effect (PVE), where the signals of multiple tissue types can be found within a single voxel and provides an obstacle to the interpretation of the data. The PVE results from the low resolution achieved in MV-MRS images relating to the signal to noise ratio (SNR). To counteract PVE, this paper proposes a novel Pairwise Mixture Model (PMM), that extends a recently reported Signal Mixture Model (SMM) for representing the MV-MRS signal as normal, low or high grade tissue types. Inspired by Conditional Random Field (CRF) and its continuous variant the PMM incorporates the surrounding voxel neighbourhood into an optimisation problem, the solution of which provides an estimation to a set of coefficients. The values of the estimated coefficients represents the amount of each tissue type (normal, low or high) found within a voxel. These coefficients can then be visualised as a nosological rendering using a coloured grid representing the MV-MRS image overlaid on top of a structural image, such as a Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI). Experimental results show an accuracy of 92.69% in classifying patient tumours as either low or high grade compared against the histopathology for each patient. Compared to 91.96% achieved by the SMM, the proposed PMM method demonstrates the importance of incorporating spatial coherence into the estimation as well as its potential clinical usage.
Integrating field survey data with satellite image data to improve shallow water seagrass maps: the role of AUV and snorkeller surveys? (2015)

Repeatable and accurate seagrass mapping is required for understanding seagrass ecology and supporting management decisions. For shallow (<5 m) seagrass habitats, these maps can be created by integrating high spatial resolution imagery with field survey data. Field survey data for seagrass are often collected via snorkelling or diving. However, these methods are limited by environmental and safety considerations. Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are used increasingly to collect field data for habitat mapping, albeit mostly in deeper waters (>20 m). Here, we demonstrate and evaluate the use and potential advantages of AUV field data collection for calibration and validation of seagrass habitat mapping of shallow waters (<5 m), from multispectral satellite imagery. The study was conducted in the seagrass habitats of the Eastern Banks (142 km2), Moreton Bay, Australia. In the field, georeferenced photographs of the seagrass were collected along transects via snorkelling or an AUV. Photographs from both collection methods were analysed manually for seagrass species composition and then used as calibration and validation data to map seagrass using an established semi-automated object-based mapping routine. A comparison of the relative advantages and disadvantages of AUV and snorkeller-collected field data-sets and their influence on the mapping routine was conducted. AUV data collection was more consistent, repeatable and safer in comparison with snorkeller transects. Inclusion of deeper water AUV data resulted in mapping of a larger extent of seagrass (~7 km2, 5% of study area) in the deeper waters of the site. Although overall map accuracies did not differ considerably, inclusion of the AUV data from deeper water transects corrected errors in seagrass mapped at depths to 5 m, but where the bottom is visible on satellite imagery. Our results demonstrate that further development of AUV technology is justified for the monitoring of seagrass habitats in ongoing management programmes.