gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Are fixed‐dose oestrogen/progestogen combinations ideal for all HRT users? (1989)

Although progestogens protect the endometrium against excessive oestrogen-induced stimulation, they can cause adverse symptomatic and psychological effects and may have undesirable metabolic consequences. Thus, the minimum progestogen dose which results in consistent endometrial transformation should be prescribed. To define this dose for norethisterone and dl-norgestrel, 197 endometrial samples obtained from postmenopausal women receiving conjugated equine oestrogens (0.625 mg or 1.25 mg daily) with one of six doses of norethisterone (or the acetate), or one of three doses of dl-norgestrel added for the first 12 days of each calendar month were examined with the light microscope; 109 samples were also assessed by transmission electron microscopy. There was an inverse relation between the percentage of samples showing proliferative features and the progestogen dose. However, proliferative endometrium was observed in 6% of samples with the highest dose of dl-norgestrel (500 micrograms) and in 3% of samples with 2.5 mg norethisterone. Conversely, complete secretory transformation was observed in 25% of samples with the lowest dose of norethisterone (0.1 mg) and in 40% of samples with 75 micrograms dl-norgestrel. Mild atypical hyperplasia was diagnosed in four samples. There was a wide inter-patient variation in response and none of the nine progestogen dose regimens induced secretory change in every patient.
Introduction: Solar Energy Conversion (2015)

This thematic issue contains reviews of various aspects of Solar Energy Conversion. The sun provides the largest energy source known to man, with more energy from sunlight striking the earth in 1 h than all of the energy consumed on the planet in an entire year. Solar panels provide a known, scalable technology to capture and convert sunlight into electricity. Moreover, the costs of Si-based photovoltaic panels have declined continuously in the past decade, to the point where solar electricity is now cost-competitive in certain regions and niche markets. Nevertheless, solar energy conversion continues to attract fervent efforts devoted to the discovery and development of new materials, concepts, devices, and systems that can provide new and/or dramatically improved functionality and scalability.
A Decentralized Repair Mechanism for Decentralized Erasure Code Based Storage Systems (2011)

Erasure code based distributed storage systems provide data robustness by storing encoded-fragments over servers. To maintain data robustness, a repair mechanism recovers a storage system from server failures by repairing encoded-fragments. For decentralized erasure code based storage systems, we propose a decentralized repair mechanism. Our mechanism has the following features. Firstly, an encoded- fragment is replenished by a combination of a number u of encoded-fragments that are randomly chosen. Secondly, the number u depends on the number of the available encoded- fragments and is independent of the pattern of missing encoded-fragments. Thirdly, multiple encoded-fragments are simultaneously replenished in parallel. We measure the communication cost in terms of the number u of required network connections for replenishing an encoded-fragment. We then conducted a numerical analysis by using traces of real systems. We find that our requirement on u is smaller than that from existing methods. Both theoretical and numerical results show that our decentralized repair mechanism outperforms existing ones in terms of the communication cost under the same consideration of efficiency cost for storage.
Design of a vacuum system for a compact, high luminosity CESR upgrade (2001)

A design for a vacuum system for a possible compact high luminosity upgrade to CESR is presented. The vacuum chamber consists of an elliptical cross-section beam chamber connected to a pumping chamber through a screen containing holes recessed in several channels. The beam chamber has a very compact cross-section compatible with two-in-one quadrupole magnets and inexpensive compact dipole magnets. Pumping will be provided by a combination of non-evaporable getter and ion pumps. Calculations were made of the conductance of the pumping slots, the impedance and loss factor of the chamber, and the transmission of beam-induced RF power through the pumping slots. We have also calculated the linear power density of synchrotron radiation and the pressure profile and beam-gas lifetime for this chamber and pump configuration. We consider the time between necessary NEG pump reactivations and the total capacity of the pumps. Tests of a prototype ion pump and a prototype pumping screen are also presented.
[Caries and gingivitis prevention in chronically ill children]. (1991)

Caries prevalence and pathological disposition of the gingiva and periodontium in patients with a variety of chronic diseases were investigated in differentiated studies. The results demonstrate the necessity of specific preventive dental measures taking into consideration the concrete pathological situation.
PushPull: Short-Path Padding for Timing Error Resilient Circuits (2014)

Modern IC designs are exposed to a wide range of dynamic variations. Traditionally, a conservative timing guardband is required to guarantee correct operations under the worst-case variation, thus leading to performance degradation. To remove the guardband, resilient circuits are proposed. However, the short-path padding (hold time fixing) problem in resilient circuits is far severer than conventional IC design. Therefore, in this paper, we focus on the short-path padding problem to enable the timing error detection and correction mechanism of resilient circuits. Unlike recent prior work adopts greedy heuristics with a local view, we determine the padding values and locations with a global view. Moreover, we utilize spare cells and a dummy metal to further achieve the derived padding values at physical implementation. Experimental results show that our method is promising to validate timing error-resilient circuits.
Augmented reality and image recognition based framework for treasure hunt games (2012)

The scavenger hunt and treasure hunt game categories are relatively well-known. The main idea of these games is to reach different checkpoints and execute specific tasks at these locations. There are many successful games based on this idea, like Geocaching. There are also some frameworks for building games, like Scvngr, but generally these frameworks have some disadvantages. The placement of real physical objects (“treasures”) could be expensive, GPS-based localization cannot be used inside buildings etc. The lack of generality could be a problem, as well. A general framework for the development of augmented reality-based, multiplayer adventure games is proposed. The framework can be used for creating online treasure hunt or scavenger hunt games for mobile devices. The “treasures” can be virtual 3D objects, appearing as a part of the augmented reality. The integrated image recognition support offers new possibilities in game creation and customization. GPS-based localization is combined with image recognition based localization, in this way the created applications can be used inside buildings, as well.
Developing safe concurrent and distributed applications with an architectural environment (2003)

The developing environment presented in the paper is built around an interactive tool that can accompany the software engineer for the whole software development process of concurrent and distributed applications. This environment relies on a concept of active object that is used homogeneously from the specification of the architecture down to the implementation. It provides support for architecture design, behaviour specification, automatic code production, compilation, debugging as well as formal verification. First of all, the application architecture is built with a graphical editor, translated into an architecture description language compatible with CORBA-IDL, and used to produce code that may be automatically linked and compiled into CORBA compatible implementation. The debugging of a distributed application is supported by features such as event stepping, simulation of the CORBA mechanism within a single Unix process, code tracing, etc. The formal verification is supported by a translator providing Promela code that call be analysed by the SPIN model checker.
Calibration of dual laser-based range cameras for reduced occlusion in 3D imaging (2010)

A robust model-based calibration method for dual laser line active triangulation range cameras, with the goal of reducing camera occlusion via data fusion, is presented. The algorithm is split into two stages: line-based estimation of the lens distortion parameters in the individual cameras, and computation of the perspective transformation from each image to a common world frame in the laser plane using correspondences on a target with known geometry. Experimental results are presented, evaluating the accuracy of the calibration based on mean position error as well as the ability of the system to reduce camera occlusion.
[Monoacylglycerol phosphatide accumulation and the alteration of the properties of benzodiazepine receptors in the brain synaptosomes]. (1985)

Phospholipase A2-induced changes in the affinity of benzodiazepine receptors are due to accumulation of monoacylglycerol phosphatides, and not fatty acids, in the membranes. The data show the regulatory role of membrane phospholipids in ligand-receptor interaction.
Fluorometric Determination of Histamine in Tuna: Development of Method (1977)

Tuna extracts are treated with an anion exchange resin to remove interfering materials, histamine is derivatized with o-phthaladehyde, and the fluorescence of the resulting compound is measured fluorometrically. Replicate analyses of acceptable and decomposed tuna packed in oil or water agreed within 1 mg at a level of 10 mg/100 g and within 12 mg at a level of 100 mg/100 g. Recoveries of histamine added to fish were greater than 90 and greater than 83% at levels of 10 and 100 mg/100 g, respectively. The new method is more rapid and specific and is simpler than previous methods because no liquid-liquid extractions or chromatographic separations of histamine are required. The sensitivity of the method allows quantitation of less than 10 mg histamine/100 g sample. The accuracy and precision of the fluorometric method are comparable to those of the official AOAC colorimetric method.
Brushless Motor Space Optimization with Drive Electronics Contained in the Motor (1987)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Recent advancements in power electronics, electronics integration and packaging, and motor system design have made possible the inclusion of the drive electronics for electronically commutated motors in the housing of the motor itself. Motor volume and packaging depend upon interacting systems of mechanical, thermal, electromagnetic, and electronic constraints. Several examples of integrated motors are given.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Recent advancements in several technologies upon which brushless motors depend allow inclusion of the drive electronics in the motor housing, resulting in a single, integrated mechanical part. The motor as a system, thus consists of an electric machine plus an electronic driver. Historically, the electric machine was the motor. For brushless motors, however, a synchronous AC machine is combined with control and power electronics, resulting in a motor system consisting of two sub-systems. The motor system here will be referred to simply as the motor with the subsystems: electric machine and electronic drive.</div>
Functional Expression in Yeast of the Human Secretory Pathway Ca2+, Mn2+-ATPase Defective in Hailey-Hailey Disease (2002)

The discovery and biochemical characterization of the secretory pathway Ca(2+)-ATPase, PMR1, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has paved the way for identification of PMR1 homologues in many species including rat, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Homo sapiens. In yeast, PMR1 has been shown to function as a high affinity Ca(2+)/Mn(2+) pump and has been localized to the Golgi compartment where it is important for protein sorting, processing, and glycosylation. However, little is known about PMR1 homologues in higher organisms. Loss of one functional allele of the human gene, hSPCA1, has been linked to Hailey-Hailey disease, characterized by skin ulceration and improper keratinocyte adhesion. We demonstrate that expression of hSPCA1 in yeast fully complements pmr1 phenotypes of hypersensitivity to Ca(2+) chelators and Mn(2+) toxicity. Similar to PMR1, epitope-tagged hSPCA1 also resides in the Golgi when expressed in yeast or in chinese hamster ovary cells. (45)Ca(2+) transport by hSPCA1 into isolated yeast Golgi vesicles shows an apparent Ca(2+) affinity of 0.26 microm, is inhibitable by Mn(2+), but is thapsigargin-insensitive. In contrast, heterologous expression of vertebrate sarcoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPases in yeast complement the Ca(2+)- but not Mn(2+)-related phenotypes of the pmr1-null strain, suggesting that high affinity Mn(2+) transport is a unique feature of the secretory pathway Ca(2+)-ATPases.
The progression of gliomas is associated with cancer stem cell phenotype (2008)

Since cancer stem cells in brain tumors were introduced, there have been few explanations regarding the role of cancer stem cells in the progression of glioma. Here, we investigated their major molecular changes in tumor progression in relation to the stem cell subpopulation. Using 12 surgical specimens of gliomatosis cerebri (GC) in the early and advanced stages, we measured the expression of a panel of cell proliferation, microvessel density, microvessel areas, angiogenic factors and their associated receptors. In addition, expression of neural stem cell markers and associated cytokines were examined in tumor tissues by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Comparing the biological characteristics between the initial infiltrating lesions (n=7) and progressed lesions (n=5), Sox2 and Musashi-1 were expressed in the tumor tissue at an early and a progressed state. Contrary to the early infiltrative phase representing angiogenesis-independent growth, GC with progression showed that nestin (+), PCNA (+) cells and total vessel area (angioectasia) were markedly increased with a higher expression of proangiogenic molecules and their receptors. These results suggest that tumor progression is mediated by cancer stem cells and cross-talk of cancer stem cells along with their environment and are closely associated with angiogenesis-dependent progression and -independent growth.
Studies on the morphology of nematode-destroying fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora CIMH1 (2001)

The Nematode-destroying Fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora CIMH1 appeared in septate hypha and conidia during the different growing period. Only alive nematode Larvae being existed, the fungus can produce trapping organs-rings and networks. The rings and networks have some classificatory characteristics in morphology.
Pulse Width for Particle Sizing (2009)

The widths of optical pulses in flow cytometry contain information about the size of particles. This size information is independent of many of the factors that affect light scatter as a measure of particle size, and any light scatter or fluorescence signal can be used to measure pulse width. For fluorescence signals, the pulse width can be predicted theoretically for many particle shapes, and quantitative size calibration is possible. To be a meaningful independent parameter, the pulse-width measurement must be independent of the pulse amplitude. This unit provides protocols for determining the signal range over which amplitude independent pulse-width measurements can be made and methods for calibrating the pulse-width measurements to particle diameter. Calibration and application examples are provided and briefly discussed.
Untangling development tasks with software developer's activity (2015)

A combination of several activities is required to solve a development task, but in the end, developer reports only part of it. It is difficult to understand whether all committed files were changed because of the reason in a given description. Software developers work on multiple tasks at once and often fail to distinguish them with separate commits because of their unknowingness, as well as of limitations of the current tools for source code versioning. Our idea is to address this problem with identification of software developer's activities from a stream of interaction data in real time. We attempt to identify situations when a developer has worked on multiple tasks, to prevent him from tangling them in a single commit, or to aid him to separate certain activities from the task, e.g., floss refactoring.
Satellite-borne active phased array techniques for mobile communications (1986)

The paper investigates the design of active phased arrays for communications satellites. In particular, consideration is given to the problems occurring when active arrays are required to produce multiple beams. There is a real need to keep the complexity of the array electronics to a minimum, but this conflicts with the desire to obtain the greatest possible freedom of control of the radiation pattern produced. The paper demonstrates a method of coping with the problem. Low-gain elements are used to provide design freedom and they are grouped into subarrays to limit the complexity of the rest of the system. With appropriate configurations of subarrays, greatly improved radiation pattern characteristics can be obtained and frequency reuse between multiple beams becomes feasible. A demonstration model of 108 microstrip patches grouped into 32 subarrays, operating at 12 GHz, has been constructed and verifies that the technique is effective.
Transformation of an Emerging Economy to a Knowledge–based Economy (2008)

As the world economy is increasingly adopting innovative technology, public policies for technology implementation play a significant role in economic growth and international competitiveness for a country. This article presents a Korean case to assess the importance and effectiveness of government technology-innovation policy for economic growth and development. The article explores historical aspects of the Korean government's economic policy that entailed measures to establish a technology support system; strategic changes in Korean public policy for innovative technology and the Korean government's promotion of a knowledge-based economy in recent years; and specific policy measures related to this objective. The article also addresses a few major challenges in the Korean knowledge-based economy.
Porous Composite Cathodes for Anode Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2011)

Abstract not Available.
A Method to Improve the Fresh Data Query Efficiency of Blockchain (2020)

In order to accelerate the improvement of the blockchain's efficiency of tracing fresh data, this paper proposes a novel method of tracing data based on LevelDB. In the process of blockchain source tracing, it is necessary to query data in the history database This paper proposes an improved method for querying high-fresh data in memory while consuming a small amount of space on the commonly used database LevelDB in the blockchain. Hash indexes are applied to LevelDB's memory and build hash indexes on MemTable and Immutable MemTable respectively. When MemTable is converted to Immutable MemTable and data is stored from memory to disk, the index will be converted and deleted accordingly to prevent the index from occupying too much space. Indexing the data in memory makes the query speed of fresh data faster and because of the amount of data will not be too large, the serious hash conflicts will not be resulted in. The experimental results show that the query speed for data in memory has been improved with the limition of writing performance impaction.
Myosin isoforms, muscle fiber types, and transitions (2000)

Skeletal muscle is an extremely heterogeneous tissue composed of a variety of fast and slow fiber types and subtypes. Moreover, muscle fibers are versatile entities capable of adjusting their phenotypic properties in response to altered functional demands. Major differences between muscle fiber types relate to their myosin complement, i.e., isoforms of myosin light and heavy chains. Myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms appear to represent the most appropriate markers for fiber type delineation. On this basis, pure fiber types are characterized by the expression of a single MHC isoform, whereas hybrid fiber type express two or more MHC isoforms. Hybrid fibers bridge the gap between the pure fiber types. The fiber population of skeletal muscles, thus, encompasses a continuum of pure and hybrid fiber types. Under certain conditions, changes can be induced in MHC isoform expression heading in the direction of either fast-to-slow or slow-to-fast. Increased neuromuscular activity, mechanical loading, and hypothyroidism are conditions that induce fast-to-slow transitions, whereas reduced neuromuscular activity, mechanical unloading, and hyperthyroidism cause transitions in the slow-to-fast direction.
Peroxisome division in the yeast <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i> is regulated by a signal from inside the peroxisome (2003)

We describe an unusual mechanism for organelle division. In the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, only mature peroxisomes contain the complete set of matrix proteins. These mature peroxisomes assemble from several immature peroxisomal vesicles in a multistep pathway. The stepwise import of distinct subsets of matrix proteins into different immature intermediates along the pathway causes the redistribution of a peroxisomal protein, acyl-CoA oxidase (Aox), from the matrix to the membrane. A significant redistribution of Aox occurs only in mature peroxisomes. Inside mature peroxisomes, the membrane-bound pool of Aox interacts with Pex16p, a membrane-associated protein that negatively regulates the division of early intermediates in the pathway. This interaction inhibits the negative action of Pex16p, thereby allowing mature peroxisomes to divide.
L <scp>UTEOVIRUS</scp> -A <scp>PHID</scp> I <scp>NTERACTIONS</scp> (2003)

Members of the Luteoviridae are transmitted by aphids in a circulative, nonpropagative manner that requires the virus to be acquired through gut tissue into the aphid hemocoel and then exit through salivary tissues. This process is aphid species-specific and involves specific recognition of the virus by unidentified components on the membranes of gut and salivary tissues. Transport through the tissues is an endocytosis/exocytosis process. Both structural proteins of the virus are involved in the transmission process, with multiple protein domains regulating the movement and survival of the virus in the aphid and plant. Here we review what is known about the genetic, cellular, and molecular mechanisms regulating these complex and specific virus-aphid interactions.