gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theoretical total-energy study of the transformation of graphite into hexagonal diamond (1987)

Variations in the structural energy of solid carbon along a transformation path from a graphitic structure with . . .[AA] . . . stacking to hexagonal diamond are calculated using the first-principles pseudopotential local-orbital total-energy method. The transformation path is that defined in an earlier study of the transformation of rhombohedral graphite into cubic diamond. The energy barrier along the transformation path is found to be only slightly higher than that of the corresponding path in the earlier study. Thus the major features of the energetics of the transformation are found to be relatively insensitive to the stacking of the graphite. However, it is found that in the region of metastability of graphite, the . . .[AA]. . . stacking never has lower energy than the rhombohedral stacking, and so we do not expect a transition from rhombohedral to . . .[AA]. . . stacking under static pressure. While the energy of hexagonal diamond is higher than that of cubic diamond in their final formation, nevertheless, as the ${\mathrm{sp}}^{3}$ bonds are forming during the transition from graphite, it is found that the hexagonal diamond has approximately the same energy as cubic diamond. The implications of these results for the synthesis of diamond from graphite are discussed.
Neutron Diffraction Study of the in Situ Oxidation of UO<sub>2</sub> (2009)

This paper discusses uranium oxide crystal structure modifications that are observed during the low-temperature oxidation which transforms UO(2) into U(3)O(8). The symmetries and the structural parameters of UO(2), beta-U(4)O(9), beta-U(3)O(7), and U(3)O(8) were determined by refining neutron diffraction patterns on pure single-phase samples. Neutron diffraction patterns were also collected during the in situ oxidation of powder samples at 483 K. The lattice parameters and relative ratios of the four pure phases were measured during the progression of the isothermal oxidation. The transformation of UO(2) into U(3)O(8) involves a complex modification of the oxygen sublattice and the onset of complex superstructures for U(4)O(9) and U(3)O(7), associated with regular stacks of complex defects known as cuboctahedra, which consist of 13 oxygen atoms. The kinetics of the oxidation process are discussed on the basis of the results of the structural analysis.
Biomimetic Materials for Engineering Stem Cells and Tissues (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Fabrication of Biomimetic Materials Surface Modification Engineering Stem Cells and Tissues Concluding Remarks
Neutral endopeptidase in the heart. Neutral endopeptidase inhibition prevents isoproterenol-induced myocardial hypoperfusion in rats by reducing bradykinin degradation. (1994)

Peptide mediators may play a role in the control of myocardial perfusion. We found immunohistochemical evidence of the peptide-degrading enzyme neutral endopeptidase (NEP) in cultured rat myocytes. Therefore, we examined the effect of an NEP inhibitor, phosphoramidon, on myocardial perfusion in rats after (1) stimulating sensory nerves with capsaicin and (2) inducing myocardial hypoperfusion with isoproterenol, with or without pretreatment with selective antagonists of the substance P (NK1) and bradykinin (B2) receptors. Three to five sequential determinations of myocardial blood flow were made in anesthetized rats by injecting 100,000 radionuclide-labeled microspheres suspended in 70% dextrose into the left ventricle. Phosphoramidon doubled coronary blood flow in response to a dose of capsaicin that was ineffective in the absence of the inhibitor. Isoproterenol (50 mg/kg IP) caused an immediate fall in blood pressure and coronary blood flow; after 20 minutes, flow had returned to normal but pressure was still subnormal. Administration of phosphoramidon reduced the recovery of blood pressure but greatly increased coronary blood flow. These changes were not altered by a substance P NK1 receptor blocker but were completely abolished by a selective bradykinin B2 receptor blocker. Our data indicate that (1) NEP is present in the rat myocardium, (2) sensory nerve-induced coronary vasodilation is markedly potentiated by NEP inhibition, (3) isoproterenol-induced myocardial hypoperfusion is prevented by NEP inhibition, and (4) this effect of NEP inhibition is due to reduced degradation of bradykinin.
Effect of catalyst on the fluorination of methyl-substituted benzenes with xenon difluoride (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of catalyst on the fluorination of methyl-substituted benzenes with xenon difluorideStojan Stavber and Marko ZupanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 13, 2223–2226Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00161a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00161a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views267Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Crystal structure of an iron(II) complex in a metastable light induced magnetic state (2002)

Our research interests include the direct observation of unstable intermediates in a crystal by X-ray crystallography. Our target compounds are open-shell species having more than one spin. Open-shell species such as radical, carbene, and nitrene have been extensively studied spectroscopically in inert matrices or in a gas phase, for the understanding of their role as intermediates in various chemical reactions and also for the investigation of their potential use for magnetic materials.
Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) improves the survival of sheep with burn and smoke inhalation injury. (2003)

Enkhbaatar, Perenlei; Murakami, Kazunori; Shimoda, Katsumi; Traber, Lillian D.; Phillips, Gary B.; Parkinson, John F.; Cox, Robert; Hawkins, Hal; Herndon, David; Traber, Daniel L. Author Information
On the design of a recently constructed 285 m³/s wind tunnel at the University of Adelaide (2012)

A closed-loop wind tunnel has been constructed on a floor area of 18.7×30.6 m2 at the Thebarton campus of the University of Adelaide. The wind tunnel is for use by researchers and industrial clients of the university. There are two test sections in series. The larger of the two, with a 3.0×3.0 m2 cross section and a length of 14.8 m is intended for wind engineering and sports science. The smaller of the test sections, which has a cross section of 2.75×2.0 m2, is located at the outlet of a 4:1 contraction, and so is better suited to aerodynamics and aeroacoustics. The flow is driven by six fans, each with a diameter of 1.4 m. Design calculations predict a maximum flow rate of 285 m3/s, giving 32 m/s in the wind-engineering section and 52 m/s in the aerodynamics test section.
Lyapunov Function Synthesis - Infeasibility and Farkas’ Lemma (2017)

In this paper we prove the convergence of an algorithm synthesising continuous piecewise-polynomial Lyapunov functions for polynomial vector elds dened on simplices. We subsequently modify the algorithm to sub-divide locally by utilizing information from infeasible linear problems. We prove that this modication does not destroy the convergence of the algorithm. Both methods are accompanied by examples.
A novel ensemble learning method for de novo computational identification of DNA binding sites (2007)

SCOPE demonstrates that combining multiple, focused motif discovery algorithms can provide a significant gain in performance. By building on components that efficiently search for motifs without user-defined parameters, SCOPE requires as input only a set of upstream sequences and a species designation, making it a practical choice for non-expert users. A user-friendly web interface, Java source code and executables are available at http://genie.dartmouth.edu/scope.
Use of rabbits for absorption studies on polymorphs of chloramphenicol palmitate. (1980)

The α and β forms of chloramphenicol palmitate (CPP) crystals were successfully obtained in similar particle sizes by utilizing wet micronization. Comparisons of the absorbability of CPP suspensions of the above crystals using conventionally fasted rabbits were unsuccessful because of the low plasma level after dosing the β form (less than 1 μg/ml). Plasma levels were then compared by dosing CPP suspensions of the α and β forms to stomach-emptying-controlled (SE-controlled) rabbits in a crossover manner. Compartive absorption studies were also performed in the SE-controlled rabbits with a capsule form of CP and suspensions of CPP in the α and β forms. It was demonstrated that absorption occurred in the order CP>CPP (α form)>CPP (β form). The correlation between in vitro extent of hydrolysis and in vivo absorbability in terms of AUC is discussed. These results suggest that the SE-controlled rabbit is a very useful animal model for preliminary bioavailability studies on oral dosage forms for human clinical use.
Hip arthroscopy after previous acetabular osteotomy for developmental dysplasia of the hip (2005)

Level IV.
Disorders of the spleen (1994)

The anatomy of the human spleen Functions of the spleen Pathology of the spleen Clinical aspects of splenomegaly The spleen in lymphoproliferative disorders The spleen in myoproliferative disorders The spleen and disorders of its circulation The spleen and storage disorders Splenomegaly in the tropics Surgical treatment of splenic disorders and trauma The epidemiology, pathogenesis and prevention of post-splenectomy sepsis.
Molten Gallium as a Non‐Reactive Solvent: Synthesis of the Silicides Ln<sub>2</sub>Ni<sub>3+x</sub>Si<sub>5‐x</sub> (Ln: Sm, Gd and Tb). (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Thermodésorptions et thermoréactions avec l'hydrogène du monoxyde de carbone adsorbé sur un catalyseur au nickel (1994)

Des combinaisons de TPSR interrompues (TPSR : Temperature Programmed Surface Reaction) suivies de TPD (Temperature Programmed Desorption) (ou inversement de TPD interrompues suivies de TPSR) montrent que les diverses espèces superficielles de CO n'ont pas La même réactivité avec H2 mais La sensibilité structurale reste limitée puisque Le spectre de TPSR ne fait apparaître qu'un seul pic de CH4. Des phénomènes de compensation sont postulés pour rendre compatible La très grande sensibilité structurale de La chimisorption de CO avec La sensibilité limitée de sa méthanation.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of (Z)‐(2‐En‐4‐ynyl)amines: A New Synthesis of Substituted Pyrroles. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Studies on Phenazines. XII. Synthesis of Methylphenazines with Sodium Amide (1956)

Though the synthesis of methylphenazine derivatives has been reported, the yield was generally very poor. A variation of the improved Wohl-Aue reaction, carried out in the presence of sodium amide, gave better yield. The syntheses of 1- and 2- methyl- and 1, 6-dimethylphenazines and their oxides, as well as that of 1-methoxy- 6-methyl- and 1-methoxy-8-methylphenazines are described.
Bird strike on aircraft radome: Dynamic characterisation of quartz fibre composite sandwich for accurate, predictive impact simulations (2018)

This study assesses the bird strike resistance of the satellite communication (SatCom) radome of a medium altitude, long endurance (MALE) remotely piloted aircraft system (RPAS), which is designed as a lightweight sandwich structure with thin quartz fibre composite skins and a cellular honeycomb core. In order to perform accurate, predictive numerical bird strike simulations, the building block approach was applied, involving extensive experimental characterisation and model validation of the materials and structures from simple coupon level up to full-scale radome level. Coupon tests of the quartz fibre composite skin material under high-rate dynamic loading revealed significant strain rate effects, which needed to be taken into account in the simulation model in order to predict the structural response under high-velocity bird strike loading. In summary, this work presents a systematic and detailed approach for obtaining validated modelling methods for high-velocity impact analyses, which could be used efficiently for various design and parameter studies during the development of the SatCom radome.
Combined MR Imaging and Spectroscopy of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors (1990)

Twenty-three patients with bone and soft tissue tumors were studied with combined magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and spectroscopy. The MR examinations were utilized to determine the size, internal characteristics, and relationships of the tumor to the surrounding tissues. They also determined the optimal placement of the surface coil. The surface coil profile was the localization technique utilized. Four patients were also studied with one-dimensional chemical shift localization. Tumors were grouped according to histologic type, degree of muscle contamination, size, and extent of necrosis. Quantitative comparison among the groups was carried out by comparing the mean ratios of the low-energy phosphate portion of the spectra [phosphomonoester (PME), Pi, phosphodiester (PDE)] to beta-nucleotide triphosphate (NTP). Tumor spectra typically showed a relative elevation in PME, Pi, and PDE and a relative decrease in phosphocreatinine. No characteristic spectra were observed for individual tumor types. Contamination of the tumor spectra from surrounding muscle impaired interpretation of the spectral data. Tumor size and extent of necrosis were important determinants of the relative degree of abnormally elevated metabolite peaks (PME, Pi, PDE). A trend toward a higher mean PME/beta-NTP ratio was observed among high-grade lesions. Combined MR imaging and spectroscopy is a useful way to study tumor metabolism. Muscle contamination is a significant problem in analysis of the spectra. Better localization techniques are required.
Trimethylene Carbonate and ϵ-Caprolactone Based (co)Polymer Networks: Mechanical Properties and Enzymatic Degradation (2008)

High molecular weight trimethylene carbonate (TMC) and epsilon-caprolactone (CL) (co)polymers were synthesized. Melt pressed (co)polymer films were cross-linked by gamma irradiation (25 kGy or 50 kGy) in vacuum, yielding gel fractions of up to 70%. The effects of copolymer composition and irradiation dose on the cytotoxicity, surface properties, degradation behavior, and mechanical and thermal properties of these (co)polymers and networks were investigated. Upon incubation with cell culture medium containing extracts of (co)polymers and networks, human foreskin fibroblasts remained viable. For all (co)polymers and networks, cell viabilities were determined to be higher than 94%. The formed networks were flexible, with elastic moduli ranging from 2.7 to 5.8 MPa. Moreover, these form-stable networks were creep resistant under dynamic conditions. The permanent deformation after 2 h relaxation was as low as 1% after elongating to 50% strain for 20 times. The in vitro enzymatic erosion behavior of these hydrophobic (co)polymers and networks was investigated using aqueous lipase solutions. The erosion rates in lipase solution could be tuned linearly from 0.8 to 45 mg/(cm (2) x day) by varying the TMC to CL ratio and the irradiation dose. The copolymers and networks degraded essentially by a surface erosion mechanism.
Refraction and band isotropy in 2D square-like Archimedean photonic crystal lattices (2008)

In this paper we theoretically study refraction effects in the 2D square-like Archimedean photonic crystals (3(2), 4, 3, 4) and (4, 8(2)) made of dielectric rods in air. In addition, we investigated a band isotropy and band gap structure in these lattices. We compared the square and square-like structures as well, their refraction characteristics, zone structures and the level of band and band gap isotropy (bandwidth and band gap dependence on the wave vector). We found that square-like structures can have some advantages over the square ones regarding the completeness of the gap, its isotropy and the gap width. Also, due to the same square primitive unit cell and the first Brillouin zone, the square and square-like lattices have similar optical response in lower bands.
Motility and orientation of a dinoflagellate,<i>Gymnodinium</i>, impaired by solar and ultraviolet radiation (1993)

The effects of solar and artificial ultraviolet radiation on the motility and orientation of the dinoflagellate Y-100 were studied. The cells show a weak photokinesis but a pronounced phototaxis which is consistently positive between 1 and 100 klx (= 4 mW m−2 to 400 mW m−2); the precision of orientation increases with the fluence rate. Unfiltered solar radiation as well as artificial ultraviolet radiation reduce the percentage of motile cells increasingly with exposure time but the velocity of the still motile cells is less affected. Unirradiated control cells show a negative gravitaxis. After short exposure to solar or artificial ultraviolet radiation the precision of gravitaxis decreases and after prolonged exposure the cells start to actively move downward in the water column (positive gravitaxis). Phototaxis is also strongly impaired by ultraviolet radiation.
Budding of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (1998)

Figure 1. During budding, the nascent capsid of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) associates with the plasma membrane of the host cell and induces the extrusion of the lipid bilayer. To form a fully infectious particle, the capsid and the viral-surface glycoproteins must interact in order to select the necessary components from among the various host-cell glycoproteins. However, as is true for other retroviruses, the viral-envelope glycoproteins are not essential to this process, since pseudoviruses in which the envelope gene is deleted efficiently assemble and release membrane-enveloped particles. Pseudovirions (Panel A, ×7000; and Panel B, ×50,000) can be derived in . . .
9,11-Seco steroids derived from estradiol 3-methyl ether (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT9,11-Seco steroids derived from estradiol 3-methyl etherJohn H. Dygos and Leland J. ChinnCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 25, 4319–4323Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00964a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00964a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views65Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Coulomb Blockade and Coherent Single-Cooper-Pair Tunneling in Single Josephson Junctions (2001)

We have measured the current-voltage characteristics of small-capacitance single Josephson junctions at low temperatures ( T< or =0.04 K), where the strength of the coupling between the single junction and the electromagnetic environment was controlled with one-dimensional arrays of dc SQUIDs. We have clearly observed Coulomb blockade of Cooper-pair tunneling and even a region of negative differential resistance, when the zero-bias resistance of the SQUID arrays is much higher than the quantum resistance h/e(2) approximately 26 kOmega. The negative differential resistance is evidence of coherent single-Cooper-pair tunneling in the single Josephson junction.
Flamingo, a cadherin-type receptor involved in the Drosophila planar polarity pathway, can block signaling via the canonical wnt pathway in Xenopus laevis (2003)

The Flamingo gene encodes a seven-pass transmembrane receptor of the cadherin super family and is one of a growing number of components identified as being necessary for the establishment of planar polarity in the Drosophila wing. Although vertebrate homologues of Flamingo have been identified in both man and mice, no function has as yet been ascribed to them. Here, we report the cloning of the Xenopus homologue of Flamingo (XFmi). XFmi is expressed in the dorsal ectoderm during gastrulation and in the forebrain and midbrain subsequently. We show that ectopic expression of the murine Flamingo gene can prevent the wnt mediated posteriorisation of the neural plate by interfering with the canonical wnt signalling pathway.
Interactome of the negative regulator of nuclear import BRCA1-binding protein 2 (2015)

Although the negative regulator of nuclear import (NRNI) BRCA1 binding protein 2 (BRAP2) is highly expressed in testis, its role is largely unknown. Here we address this question by documenting the BRAP2 interactome from human testis, using the yeast 2-hybrid system to identify BRAP2-interacting proteins with roles in diverse cellular processes, including regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, ubiquitinylation, cell cycle/apoptosis and transcription. Interaction with BRAP2 in adult mouse testis with three of these, PH domain and leucine rich repeat protein phosphatase 1 (PHLPP1), A-Kinase anchor protein (AKAP3) and DNA methyl transferase 1 (DNMT1), was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation assays. BRAP2's ability to inhibit PHLPP1 and DNMT1 nuclear localisation was also confirmed by quantitative confocal microscopy. Importantly, the physiological relevance thereof was implied by the cytoplasmic localisation of PHLPP1, AKAP3 and DNMT1 in pachytene spermatocytes/round spermatids where BRAP2 is present at high levels, and nuclear localisation of PHLPP1 and DNMT1 in spermatogonia concomitant with lower levels of BRAP2. Interestingly, BRAP2 was also present in murine spermatozoa, in part colocalised with AKAP3. Together the results indicate for the first time that BRAP2 may play an important NRNI role in germ cells of the testis, with an additional, scaffold/structural role in mature spermatozoa.