gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Switching of composite media by wall propagation (2006)

Using simple scaling arguments, we calculate the external field required to propagate a domain wall from the soft to the hard phase in a composite media. In the absence of the external field the domain-wall energy is lower in the soft phase, resulting in an energy barrier between the hard and soft phases. It is shown that as the external field increases the domain-wall energy in the soft phase also increases, and there is a corresponding wall energy reduction in the hard phase, resulting in the lowering of the energy barrier. The switching field is obtained as the field, which equalizes the domain-wall energies in both phases, reduces the wall barrier to zero, and leads to wall propagation and reversal. The calculation allows identification of field dependent anisotropies and wall widths of the two phases, which become equal at the reversal field. The reversal field is found to linearly depend upon the intrinsic anisotropy difference and inversely on the sum of magnetization of the two phases. Moreover, the reversal field is found to be independent of the volume of the two phases. An attempt at exhaustive comparison with experiments is made.
Salt Soluble Cross-Linked Elastin: Formation and Composition of Fibers (1985)

Cross-linked elastin has been isolated from the salt extract of sheep vascular tissue by means of hydrophobic interaction chromatography on a column of decyl-agarose. Dialysis of the dimethylformamide and sodium dodecyl sulphate column eluates against distilled water produced a precipitate that was fibrous and that resembled insoluble elastin fibers. As judged by amino acid analyses and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, this precipitation resulted in further purification of the soluble cross-linked elastin. Similar chromatography and precipitation of oxalic acid solubilized cross-linked elastin (alpha-elastin) produced identical results.
Useful wild plants in Australia (1982)

Plants that have been or could be used as a source of the following are discussed: oils, dyes, gums, resins, kinos, fish poisons, timbers, fibers, ropes and canes, ornaments, bark canoes and containers, fire sticks, fishhooks, natural detergents, agar, alginates, inks, and infusions to strengthen fibers. Entries in each chapter are listed alphabetically by genus (without family affiliation). Aboriginal and settler uses, documented in out-of-print references, are discussed without bibliographic notations. -- AATA
[Reconstruction of posttraumatic skull and facial bones injuries with the use of perforated titanium plates and meshes]. (2012)

The given way of reconstruction of posttraumatic injuries showed predicted, long-term results and can be recommended for application in specialized establishments on bases of hospitals. Use of the data of computer tomography during the preoperative and postoperative period allows to estimate the volume of missing bone tissue. It also allows to define the volume of autogenous bone required for completion. Allows to define parameters of thickness, height, degree of curvature of autogenous bone, and also to select the optimum size of titanium plate or mesh. Application of perforated titanium plates ams meshes, made of high-purity the titan, allows to correct complex defects of maxillofacial area with minimization of complications in the postoperative period.
New Cholesterol Guidelines, New Treatment Challenges (2002)

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the largest single killer of Americans. Epidemiologic trials have indicted low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) as directly correlating with CHD events, and clinical trials confirmed that lipid-lowering therapy decreases the risk of CHD events. The literature also indicates that only about 18% of these patients are treated to their goal LDL levels. New guidelines from the National Cholesterol Education Program extend the LDL-lowering recommendations, add a new non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL) goal for patients with hypertriglyceridemia, and increase the number of drug-eligible patients from about 15 to 36 million. Most of those who are eligible for lipid-altering drug therapy have the highest CHD risk and require the most aggressive treatment to achieve goals. This presents a challenge to clinicians: how best to achieve LDL and non-HDL goals. Statins are the most effective agents for lowering LDL and one of the most effective for lowering non-HDL. This efficacy and the ability to reduce CHD risk were well documented in a number of randomized clinical trials. When statin monotherapy fails to achieve goals, a bile acid resin, niacin, or both may be added to lower LDL further, or a fibrate, niacin, or fish oils may be added to lower non-HDL further. Drugs are under development that may enhance our ability to reach LDL and non-HDL goals. Included are a group of so-called super statins, rosuvastatin and pitavastatin; agents that interfere with cholesterol or bile acid transport in the gut, such as ezetimibe; and dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists that have both fibrate and thiazolidinedione-like effects.
101. Rational Design and Cloning of a Stable RPGR ORF15 cDNA Encoding the Full-Length Native RPGR Protein (2016)

Introduction: The retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR) cDNA contains a long purine-rich repetitive sequence in ORF15 exon that is unstable during recombinant DNA manipulation. This complicates efforts to develop AAV-based vectors for gene therapy of X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) caused by mutations in the RPGR gene. We reasoned that the stability of RPGR-ORF15 cDNA could be significantly improved by rational design of the cDNA sequence through codon modification without changing the amino acid sequence. Methods: A human RPGR cDNA was designed based on Genbank reference mRNA sequence NM_001034853 that encodes hRPGR isoform C. The 3459 bp coding sequence was codon-optimized based on human codon usage and further modified to reduce tandem repeats, and adjust G/C content, where possible. The codon-modified cDNA (hRPGRco), which encodes a full-length hRPGR protein of 1152 amino acids that is 100% identical to the published sequence, was synthesized and cloned into conventional cloning vector pUC57 and sub-cloned into various vectors, including an AAV plasmid (used for AAV production by transfection) and an HSV shuttle plasmid (used to make an HSV helper for AAV production using AGTC's proprietary HSV-based AAV manufacturing system). Stability of the hRPGRco cDNA sequence was verified by DNA sequencing at multiple steps: after sub-cloning, large scale plasmid production, production of recombinant HSV helper virus clones that carry the hRPGRco expression cassette and production of AAV vector. Stability of plasmids carrying the hRPGRco expression cassette was also analyzed after serial passage of bacterial clones cultured at various temperatures and during multiple passages. Results: Plasmids carrying the redesigned hRPGRco cDNA were grown stably in bacteria at 37°C. The hRPGRco cDNA was 100% correct in AAVplasmids, in shuttle vectors used to produce HSV helpers, and in the rHSV helper virus passed multiple rounds in mammalian cells. The sequence was also confirmed 100% correct in AAV vectors produced by plasmid transfection for animal efficacy studies. Conclusions: A stable RPGR cDNA that encodes full-length, native RPGR protein was obtained and will allow large scale production of an AAV vector for treatment of patients with XLRP.
Overview of Risk Adjustment and Outcome Measures for Home Health Agency OBQI Reports: Highlights of Current Approaches and Outline of Planned Enhancements 1, 2 (2002)

The purposes of this document are (1) to briefly discuss outcome measurement, risk adjustment, and the rationale for risk adjusted outcome reporting in the context of outcome-based quality improvement (OBQI) for home health care, and (2) to summarize the current risk adjustment and outcome measurement approaches as well as plans for their continued refine ment. Except for Section 1 and the first component of Section 2, this overview is intended for a somewhat technically inclined audience. Nonetheless, it should be useful to those with little or no research or statistical experience. For such individuals, an intuitive sense of the risk adjust ment methods can be acquired by simply reading the narrative and skimming through the material that is more technical in nature. In Sections 5 and 6, background information on outcome measures and OBQI is presented in order to provide contextual information that is relevant to understanding the applications of the statistical risk adjustment methods summarized here. 1. What Risk Adjustment Is and Why It Is Needed Suppose the hospitalization rate is 20 % for one home health agency and 30 % for another. On the basis of these statistics alone, one might conclude that the second agency provides
Stimulated Emissions in Aligned CdS Nanowires at Room Temperature (2005)

Aligned CdS nanowires (NWs) were obtained through a simple thermal evaporation process with highly active CdS nanoparticles as the evaporation source. These NWs show prominent optical waveguides behavior under a continuous-wave (CW) laser excitation. Excitation intensity-dependent photoluminescence (PL) measurements show that these NWs exhibited both broad and supernarrow stimulated emission (lasing) under intense pulse optical excitation at room temperature. Raman scattering and time-resolved PL measurements were used to investigate the optical properties. The results indicated that the stimulated emission in these NWs involves the electron-hole plasma (EHP) and Farby-Perot (F-P) optical resonant processes at room temperature.
Experimental Study of Manipulating the Vertical Fence Wake using the Vortex Generator (2010)

The effect of vortex generators to manipulate the separated flow region behind the vertical fence was experimentally investigated. The experiments were performed in the circulating water channel. The parameters used in this study were the distance between the fence and vortex generators and size of vortex generators. Digital PIV method was applied to measure the instantaneous velocity fields around the fence. And the obtained flow properties were compared with those of fence How without the vortex generators. The obtained results quantitatively shows the specific size and distance of vortex generators which were effective to reduce the mean reattachment length of separation bubble behind the fence.
Rate-distortion optimizations for region and object based wavelet video coding (2002)

This paper provides rate-distortion optimizations for both region- and object-based video encoding with a motion-compensated wavelet coder. The rate-distortion optimization which jointly selects all coding parameters for a frame is first applied to single video object plane (SVOP) coding via the Lagrange multiplier method. The optimal bit allocation for multiple regions of interest (MROI) coding is then achieved using a weighted Lagrange multiplier technique. Finally, the generalized R-D optimization for multiple video object plane (MVOP) coding is realized with the weighted technique by including special handling of object boundary blocks, which provides the additional capability of object scalability. The weights allow direct selection of relative distortions in the different regions or object planes, and simulations on MPEG-4 test sequences demonstrate the desired inhomogeneity in reconstruction quality.
Influence of selegiline and lipoic acid on the life expectancy of immunosuppressed mice. (1997)

Ten groups of 14 immunosuppressed NMRI-mice (nu/nu) were raised and kept under germ-reduced conditions. The control animals were fed a germ-reduced diet, nine other groups received the same diet with selegiline (CAS 14611-51-9, Deprenyl) or lipoic acid (thioctic acid, CAS 62-46-4) admixed at various amounts. The 50% survival rate, the total life span of each group and the areas under the curves were determined to evaluate life expectancy as compared to the controls. The racemate of lipoic acid at high dosage (350 mg/kg body weight) reduced the life span significantly. The S(-)-enantiomer of lipoic acid (75 mg/kg body weight) increased the 50% survival rate, whereas the physiologic R(+)-enantiomer (9 mg/kg body weight) expanded the total life span of its group. Alteration of only one out of three parameters was not considered significant. All other groups except for one did not differ from controls: only animals which obtained 75 micrograms selegiline per kg of body weight and per day exerted increased life expectancies by all three parameters. This group exhibited also in statistical evaluation a significantly (p < 0.05) prolongated survival time up to about 200% as compared to the control animals.
Keynote III: experimental developments towards an international standard for broadband PLT (2005)

Summary form only given. The key aims for establishing broadband power line communications in the world today is the development of an international standard that is recognised by all parties involved in wireline standards. There are many committees, both at country and world level striving to produce a reliable and robust standard that are recognised by all agencies. To develop such a standard it is a key requirement to undertake key measurements of a range of parameters that provides the cardinal information and direction for a full empirical model for seamless communications over any network in the world. This presentation follows these parameters through measurements, how and why they should be made and there significance in formulating a standard. Other factors and views are also expressed.
Physiology of the interaction of angiosperm parasites and their higher plant hosts (1990)

Abstract. Interactions between parasitic angiosperms and their hosts occur at the level of seed germination, haustorial development and resource transfer. Chemicals released from the host function as cues for host recognition, and trigger germination as well as haustorial initiation. Transpiration is a key process regulating solute transfer from host to parasite, and some parasitie plants have unusual stomatal characteristics. Although solute transfer is apoplastic, the haustorium appears to play a role in regulating solute composition. Host responses to infection are reviewed, and it is concluded that competition for water and solutes are unlikely to play a major role in determining reductions in host productivity: metabolic incompatability is suggested to be the major cause of this.
Evidence-based Life Coaching: Psychologists Wanted! (2007)

The number of individuals that require evidence-based psychological treatment from a mental health professional is growing. Life coaching is generally provided by non-psychologists but the need is to involve more psychologists into this field.
Sinterability Study of PM M2 and T15 High Speed Steels Reinforced with Tungsten and Titanium Carbides (1993)

Sintered high speed steels (HSSs) are assuming an increasingly important role as wear resistant and cutting tool materials, areas in which they are in competition with cemented carbides. Research on HSSs has taken three basic approaches: use of advanced technologies such as hot isostatic pressing to produce full density materials; assessment of their sinterability under industrial conditions (nitrogen-hydrogen atmospheres, low sintering temperatures, continuous furnaces, etc.); and reinforcement with hard materials such as ceramics and carbides to increase cutting or wear performance. In the present work, which combines the last two approaches, additions of tungsten carbide and titanium carbide were made, singly and in combination, to M2 and T15 steels. Microstructures, densification, and transverse rupture strength were compared after sintering in vacuo and under a nitrogen-hydrogen atmosphere. Addition of 10 wt-% of a 90WC–10Co powder mixture to the base steels produced a marked increase in sinterability at low temperatures, resulting in better flexural strengths, but, because of its lower reactivity, titanium carbide produced little effect on densification; addition of both carbides together produced intermediate results. Acceptable levels of flexural strength can be obtained by sintering in N 2 –20 vol.-%H 2 atmospheres at temperatures below 1250°C, but vacuum sintering was found to be the most efficient method of producing HSSs reinforced with cemented carbides. PM/0608
An Efficient Modular Approach for the Assembly of <i>S</i>-Linked Glycopeptoids (2009)

A short and convenient methodology for the synthesis of S-glycosylated peptoid models is described. The thioglycosylated building blocks were prepared from proper peracetylated sugars via glycosyl iodides in a one-pot fashion and directly employed in a submonomer solid-phase stategy.
Une banalisation de la communication. La revalorisation du droit comme problème (1993)

L'évolution des marchés des communications (audiovisuel, télécommunications), leur progressive libéralisation ont conduit à une remise en question du cadre juridique antérieur. Ce texte explore les différents facteurs de cette remise en question accompagnée d'une banalisation de la communication. Les nombreux modèles qui ont concourus à de nouvelles formes de régulation de ces secteurs sont ainsi mis en perspective. Il souligne à quel point de telles évolutions combinées au poids croissant des mécanismes de l'intégration juridique européenne aboutissent à des solutions qui ne sont pas toujours aisément compatibles avec la culture juridico-politique française: rôle du juge, statut du droit, autorités dites indépendantes, rôle et fonctions du service public, conception républicaine de la démocratie majoritaire. D'où une situation non stabilisée et conflictuelle.
Tianeptine in the combined treatment of combat related posttraumatic stress disorder. (2011)

The study demonstrated that tianeptine is as effective as fluoxetine in the treatment of PTSD, with even stronger effect on anxiety and equal tolerance.
Predictive Diagnosis and Preventive Maintenance Technologies for Dry Vacuum Pumps (2015)

This article introduces fundamentals of self-diagnosis and predictive (or preventive) maintenance technologies for dry vacuum pumps. The state variables of dry pumps are addressed, such as the pump and motor body temperatures, consumption currents of main and booster pumps, mechanical vibration, and exhaust pressure, etc. The adaptive parametric models of the state variables of the dry pump are exploited to provide dramatic reduction of data size and computation time for self-diagnosis. Two indicators, the Hotelling's and the sum of squares residuals (Q), are illustrated to be quite effective and successful in diagnosing dry pumps used in the semiconductor processes.
Scheduling and Performance of Multihop Radio Networks with Multiuser Detection (2002)

Incorporating multiuser detection (MUD) at receivers in a Multihop Packet Radio or ad-hoc Network has the potential to drastically improve performance. In this work, possible improvements are investigated and it is suggested that the Channel Coding Theorem be used for accurate modeling of the radio channel. With this model, MUD is shown to be more beneficial to ad-hoc networks employing spread-spectrum signals and in this case, the single-hop throughput increases linearly with the number of packets received. The delay performance of a narrow-band system employing Spatial-Time Division Multiple Access (S-TDMA) for scheduling is considered. MUD is incorporated into previously-proposed scheduling methods and a new method is proposed for generating the S-TDMA schedule by exploiting the detector. By simulation, MUD is shown to provide shorter length schedules, with the proposed method outperforming a systematic search. These results show that MUD typically provides a 20% reduction in the S-TDMA frame length, and thus decreases delay at low loads.
Performance enhancement of low power listening MAC for duty cycled wireless sensor networks (2009)

Recently low power listening (LPL) MAC protocols based on duty-cycling mechanism have been studied extensively to achieve ultra low energy consumption in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, state-of-the-art LPL scheme still suffers from some performance degradation due to its own protocol incompleteness. In this paper, we propose the τ-duration CCA method to mitigate the collision probability in ACK-based LPL MAC protocol and show its performance improvement via analytical and experimental results. Our performance study indicates that ACK-based LPL MAC protocol which adopts the τ-duration CCA is significantly better than normal ACK-based LPL MAC protocol in terms of energy consumption.
Clustering performance comparison using<i>K</i>-means and expectation maximization algorithms (2014)

Clustering is an important means of data mining based on separating data categories by similar features. Unlike the classification algorithm, clustering belongs to the unsupervised type of algorithms. Two representatives of the clustering algorithms are the <i>K</i>-means and the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. Linear regression analysis was extended to the category-type dependent variable, while logistic regression was achieved using a linear combination of independent variables. To predict the possibility of occurrence of an event, a statistical approach is used. However, the classification of all data by means of logistic regression analysis cannot guarantee the accuracy of the results. In this paper, the logistic regression analysis is applied to EM clusters and the <i>K</i>-means clustering method for quality assessment of red wine, and a method is proposed for ensuring the accuracy of the classification results.
Alkali metal promoted aromatic "nucleophilic" substitution (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkali metal promoted aromatic "nucleophilic" substitutionJoseph F. Bunnett and Jhong Kook KimCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 25, 7464–7466Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00728a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00728a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views763Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Hybrid Smart AC/DC Power System (2010)

Recently, smart grids are attracting attention. Already, a smart grid based on an AC grid is proposed. However, no study on research is presented or published on a smart grid based on a dc grid. This paper presents an ac/dc hybrid smart power system. The proposed system has advantages of both dc and ac grids. The proposed power system consists of a wind generator and several controllable loads. The controllable loads have different capacities. Therefore, by applying power consumption control with the droop characteristic, the dc bus voltage is maintained within the acceptable range. As controllable loads, electric water heater and electric vehicle are assumed. Effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by numerical simulation results.