gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulatory Subunits of PKA and Breast Cancer (2002)

Overexpression of the R subunits of PKA (in particular, RI) is associated with high proliferation in normal breast, malignant transformation in the breast, poor prognosis in established breast cancer, and resistance to antiestrogens. These data, together with the observation that successful antiestrogen therapy is associated with reduced expression of RI mRNA, suggest that targeting R subunits is an appropriate therapeutic strategy for breast cancer. Initial experimental results, using antisense RI oligonucleotides, are promising in terms of reducing the growth rate of breast cancer cells and xenografts. While clinical trials designed to target RI subunits have yet to be established (and interventions as preventative measures are even more distant), the concept of these approaches to prevent and treat breast cancer should be developed and exploited.
Computation of exact fault coverage for compact testing schemes (1991)

A strategy based on the use of intermediate signatures is developed that enables the exact fault coverage of compact testing schemes to be determined in a feasible computation time. A model is developed to predict fault simulation time, and used along with a dynamic programming based algorithm to find the optimal scheduling of the signatures with respect to the total simulation time. A more sophisticated model which uses preliminary fault simulation results to make better estimations is also introduced. Simulation results for both models are presented demonstrating the feasibility of the strategy.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Polyurethane Reaction Injection Molding: Process, Materials, and Properties (1980)

Abstract Reaction injection molding includes aspects of polymerization reactor analysis as well as melt injection molding. Processing can be broken down into several unit operations: metering and machine performance, impingement mixing, mold filling, curing and mold design. Commercial RIM machines have been used successfully for non-filler systems. The results are generally satisfactory. Reactants are usually allowed to circulate through the mixhead, or even through impingement nozzles, such that uniform temperature control and appropriate agitation of reactants can be obtained. Most heads can switch from the recycle to injection mode under high pressure operation, to minimize the lead/lag problem. The mixing chamber is self-cleaned at the end of each shot by a hydraulically driven piston which pushes out all the residue mixture from the mixhead after mold filling. Flow rate/flow area can be adjusted externally by the nozzle size adjuster. Flow rate also can be controlled by the pressure setting. Two or four streams impingement mixing is the common mixing technology used in the present RIM machines. Static or impingement type after-mixers have been used extensively to improve the mixing. Mold filling seems not to be a problem for conventional RIM operation if mold design is appropriate. The typical pressure inside the mold cavity during filling is less than 350 kPa. With the help of slight foaming during curing, RIM polyurethanes usually have excellent, depression-free surfaces. A number of qualitative descriptions of automotive type RIM have appeared, and some basic studies of the process are being carried out. However, as yet there does not appear to be a complete understanding of how the process influences the structure and properties of the polymer formed. The majority of RIM parts have been made in the 140–300 MPa flexural modulus range for fascia applications, where appearance, weight-reduction, and impact resistance are the most important criteria. A representative formulation used to produce automotive fascia by reaction injection molding consists of a polyether/polyester polyol with molecular weight in the range of 1000–3000, a short chain extender like ethylene glycol, 1,4-butane diol or a diamine and a modified derivative of 1,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, MDI. The need for further weight reduction to meet government mileage requirements, and for improved corrosion and impact resistance, makes the extension of RIM materials to other external automotive body components increasingly attractive. For these applications, there will be several new requirements: flexural moduli in the 700–4000 MPa range to provide dimensional stability, but still with the desirable impact strength; a low thermal coefficient of linear expansion to allow satisfactory mating with sheet metal surfaces. An increased thermal stability would also be required for parts that would be painted and baked on the car, or for applications such as hoods with higher in-use thermal exposure.
暴力亦非暴力——对《孙子兵法》“不战而屈人之兵”思想的再思考 (1992)

近些年来,许多研究国际战略学和国际事务的西方学者开始以极大的兴趣关注一部中国古代兵书。这就是号称中国兵家圣典的《孙子兵法》。本文作者系美国密执安大学政治系博士研究生,曾于1983年和1990年两度来北大进修,对中国古代战略思想作过比较细致的研究。这篇文章在探索《孙子兵法》有关学术问题方面反映出西方人独特的思维视角和研究方法,对我们汲取我国古人的战略智慧,丰富和发展具有中国特色的国际政治理论具有一定借鉴意义。
Temperature dependence of semiconducting and structural properties of Cr-Si thin films (1985)

Electrical and structural properties of coevaporated Cr-Si thin alloy films and bilayer Cr/Si films as a function of annealing temperature from 10 to 1000 °K have been studied by in situ electrical resistivity and Hall measurements, and structural analysis including MeV 4He+ ion backscattering, x-ray diffraction, Auger electron spectroscopy combined with Ar sputtering, electron microprobe, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. In the as-deposited state, the coevaporated alloy film was amorphous. Upon annealing, a sharp increase in resistivity occurred near 270 °C and the increase has been determined to be amorphous to crystalline CrSi2 phase transformation. The resistivity increased further with annealing up to 550 °C then a gradual decrease took place beyond 600 °C. In cooling, the resistivity increased monotonically with decreasing temperature. For the bilayer Cr/Si films, the annealing behavior is similar except the sharp increase in resistivity occurred around 450 °C due to the formation of CrSi2. The crystalline CrSi2 has been determined to be a semiconductor with an energy gap of 0.27 eV. It is p-type, having a hole concentration of 4×1019 cm−3 at room temperature and a hole mobility of 7.2×104×T (temp)−3/2 cm2/V sec in the acoustic scattering region. The kinetics of amorphous-to-crystalline transformation of Cr-Si alloy film in the temperature range of 225–25 °C has been determined to follow a t7 (time) dependence with an apparent activation energy of 1.13 eV.
Library functions identification in binary code by using graph isomorphism testings (2015)

Library functions identification is a key technique in reverse engineering. Discontinuity and polymorphism of inline and optimized library functions in binary code create a difficult challenge for library functions identification. To solve this problem, a novel approach is developed to identify library functions. First, we introduce execution dependence graphs (EDGs) to describe the behavior characteristics of binary code. Then, by finding similar EDG subgraphs in target functions, we identify both full and inline library functions. Experimental results from the prototype tool show that the proposed method is not only capable of identifying inline functions but is also more efficient and precise than the current methods for identifying full library functions.
Procedural Level Design for Platform Games (2006)

Although other genres have used procedural level generation to extend gameplay and replayability, platformer games have not yet seen successful level generation. This paper proposes a new four-layer hierarchy to represent platform game levels, with a focus on representing repetition, rhythm, and connectivity. It also proposes a way to use this model to procedurally generate new levels.
Einführung in die Meßtechnik (1978)

Keywords: mesures ; statique ; dynamique ; techniques de : mesure ; erreurs Reference Record created on 2005-11-18, modified on 2016-08-08
Hub Colonization as the Initial Step in an Outbreak of Catheter‐Related Sepsis Due to Coagulase Negative Staphylococci during Parenteral Nutrition (1984)

A prospective study was carried out to determine the pathogenesis of coagulase negative staphylococci catheter-related sepsis during parenteral nutrition. Forty-three catheters were cultured by semiquantitative and quantitative methods. The skin around the puncture site was cultured at the time of catheter removal and three segments of the catheter were cultured apart: the hub, the proximal subcutaneous segment, and the tip. Skin cultures were negative (89%) or yielded different coagulase negative staphylococci from those recovered in catheter and/or blood. Seventeen catheters were the source of sepsis. In 15 cases an infected hub was associated with an infected tip. In two cases the hub was negative (one sepsis due to mixture contamination and the other due to hematogenous seeding of the catheter tip). Sixteen cases of sepsis were due to coagulase negative staphylococci. Staphylococcus epidermidis has been the species most commonly isolated, followed by Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and Staphylococcus hominis. In our patients most catheter sepsis have their origin in an infected hub and are not due to migration of skin bacteria along catheter subcutaneous tunnel.
Ultrasonic Doppler Method for the Inspection of Cardiac Functions (1957)

When the continuous ultrasonic wave is sent forth towards the heart from the surface of the chest wall, the cardiac motion causes the Doppler effect upon the partial wave reflected from it. Therefore, an apparatus suitably constructed for sending and receiving ultrasounds is quite useful for the investigation of the movements of theatrium, ventricle, or valves, etc., through the analysis of the particular Doppler signals developed from the motion of the respective part. The author developed a method for the inspection of cardiac functions by recording these Doppler signals simultaneously with the electro- and phonocardiographs the oscillograph paper. This method made it possible not only to obtain direct informations for the valvular movement which could not have been ascertained up to present, but also to examine the transitional aspects of the myocardial excitation which is utterly uudetectable by the electrocardiograph alone.
A Note on Inflation and Forest Investments (1976)

Abstract General inflation and expected timber price changes can influence forest investment calculations. A method of deriving appropriate capitalization formulas for investment calculations is presented. Four of the most commonly used formulas are derived. Their application to a variety of price expectations is discussed. Forest Sci. 22:30-32.
High‐Pressure Effects on Oxide Glasses: I, Densification in Rigid State (1963)

Densification of SiO 2 , GeO 2 , and B 2 O 3 glasses in the rigid state was studied at pressures up to 80 kb and at temperatures up to 600°C in different pressure‐transmitting media. The infrared, ultraviolet, and nuclear magnetic resonance absorptions of the compressed glasses were examined. Densification increased with time, temperature, pressure, and more important, with applied shear. This process of volumetric shrinkage in the rigid state at low temperatures is fundamentally different from that at temperatures at or above the glass transition. A qualitative model involving mutual entanglement of parts of the random glassy network is postulated to explain the observed results.
ASP:A Fast Adversarial Attack Example Generation Framework based on Adversarial Saliency Prediction (2018)

With the excellent accuracy and feasibility, the Neural Networks have been widely applied into the novel intelligent applications and systems. However, with the appearance of the Adversarial Attack, the NN based system performance becomes extremely vulnerable:the image classification results can be arbitrarily misled by the adversarial examples, which are crafted images with human unperceivable pixel-level perturbation. As this raised a significant system security issue, we implemented a series of investigations on the adversarial attack in this work: We first identify an image's pixel vulnerability to the adversarial attack based on the adversarial saliency analysis. By comparing the analyzed saliency map and the adversarial perturbation distribution, we proposed a new evaluation scheme to comprehensively assess the adversarial attack precision and efficiency. Then, with a novel adversarial saliency prediction method, a fast adversarial example generation framework, namely "ASP", is proposed with significant attack efficiency improvement and dramatic computation cost reduction. Compared to the previous methods, experiments show that ASP has at most 12 times speed-up for adversarial example generation, 2 times lower perturbation rate, and high attack success rate of 87% on both MNIST and Cifar10. ASP can be also well utilized to support the data-hungry NN adversarial training. By reducing the attack success rate as much as 90%, ASP can quickly and effectively enhance the defense capability of NN based system to the adversarial attacks.
Monitoring and early warning method for a rockfall along railways based on vibration signal characteristics (2019)

Rockfall disasters occur frequently in mountainous areas of western China, and the rockfall disasters along a railway line will seriously affect the safety and normal operation of railways, causing great economic and property losses. Existing rockfall monitoring and early warning methods still have shortcomings, such as accurate warning of single-point disasters and vulnerability to the natural environment. In this study, a rockfall test of a flexible safety protection net along the slope of a railway and a rockfall test of the railway track were carried out, and the vibration signals of the falling rock hitting the different sites of the protective net and hitting different positions of the rails were obtained. Using the signal analysis methods such as Fast Fourier Transformation and Short-Time Fourier Transform, the basic characteristics of the rockfall vibration signal and the vibration signal when the train passes and the propagation law of the rockfall vibration signal are obtained. Finally, a set of monitoring and early warning systems for rockfall disasters along the railway based on the analysis of vibration signal characteristics is established. The monitoring and early warning method has the advantages of all-weather, high-time, semi-automatic and high efficiency performance.
Reduction of Irradiation-Induced Creep and Swelling in AISI 316 by Compositional Modifications (1981)

Studies involving high fluence irradiations of compositionally modified AISI 316 stainless steel have demonstrated that the irradiation-induced creep and swelling of this alloy can be modified through a selective choice of alloying elements. Irradiation-induced swelling of specimens irradiated to fluences of 7 to 12 × 1022 neutrons/cm2 (E &gt; 0.1 MeV) is strongly influenced by the concentration of alpha-stabilizing elements such as silicon and molybdenum. Relative minima and maxima in swelling versus composition diagrams are shown to exist. Irradiation-induced creep strain of AISI 316 is, in general, reduced by the same elements which reduce irradiation-induced swelling. It was found that the compositional dependence of both swelling and creep in this alloy system can be described through a description of the screening of dislocation strain fields. Compositional modifications which increase the mobility of the screening agents or allow the formation of more effective screening agents will decrease the swelling and irradiation creep. This screening results in a decrease in the interstitial-dislocation bias, which results in lower swelling and in-reactor creep.
DAPD (Emory University/Triangle Pharmaceuticals/Abbott Laboratories). (2001)

Triangle Pharmaceuticals is developing DAPD, a prodrug of the viral replication inhibitor dioxolane guanosine, as a potential therapy for HIV and HBV infection. Phase I/II dose range studies have commenced for HIV, and clinical development for HBV was to have commenced by late 1999 [319145], [319956]. Phase II trials are scheduled for the second quarter of 2001. The FDA has designated DAPD as a Fast Track product [365894]. DAPD is from a different nucleoside series to FTC and CS-92, which are also in development by Triangle. The compound may offer advantages over several nucleosides from other series that are already on the market because of its unique structure and pharmacological properties [247083]. Both DAPD and DXG are dioxolane purine nucleoside analogs [319660]. Preclinical data suggest DAPD may be of use in combination therapies for HIV-infected patients who are therapy-naive, in addition to patients who have previously received treatment and including those infected with drug-resistant strains of HIV-1 [341145], [341335]. Triangle licensed DAPD from Emory University [216900]. In June 1999, Triangle and Abbott Laboratories entered into an alliance for the development and marketing of six antiviral products, including DAPD [326824].
Rapid Serotyping of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Isolates with the Hemagglutination-Inhibition Test (1984)

The hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test was evaluated as a method of typing recent suspect infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) isolates. Hemagglutination (HA) antigen was prepared from each isolate by phospholipase C treatment of virus concentrated from allanto-amniotic fluids of infected chicken embryos. An HI test was run with the HA antigen of each isolate against a battery of 17 antisera that had been prepared against different IBV strains classified by virus neutralization (VN). The HI test identified Ark 99 and Holland isolates that were similar to strains previously classified by VN. Two isolates included in this study were not inhibited by any of the reference antisera and therefore appeared to be antigenically different. The isolates were also evaluated by VN, and the results of the VN and HI methods agreed. Therefore the results suggest that the HI test can be useful for making a rapid, presumptive identification of new IBV isolates.
Strength properties of aged poled lead zirconate titanate subjected to electromechanical loadings (2012)

Electric field and aging time are two important factors that affect the mechanical strength and long-term reliability of lead zirconate titanate or PZT actuators. In the present work, a commercial PZT-5A aged four years was examined using ball-on-ring (BoR) mechanical testing under coupled electric fields. The electric field range of ?3Ec to +3Ec (Ec, coercive electric field) was studied (i.e., ?3Ec, ?Ec, 0, +Ec, +2Ec, and +3Ec) with a controlled electric loading path. A Weibull distribution was used to interpret the mechanical strength data. With an electric field preloaded from 0 to ?3Ec, it was found that subsequent increases in the electric field resulted in an asymmetrical V-shaped curve of mechanical strength against the electric field. The bottom of the V curve was located near the zero electric field level. Microscopy analysis showed that pores were the strength limiter for the tested PZT under electromechanical loadings.
Implementing a semantic interpreter using conceptual graphs (1986)

A parser applies grammar rules to generate a parse tree that shows the syntactic structure of a sentence. This paper describes a semantic interpreter that starts with a parse tree and generates conceptual graphs that represent the meaning of the sentence. To generate conceptual graphs, the interpreter joins canonical graphs associated with each word of input. The result is a larger graph that represents the entire sentence. During the interpretation, the parse tree serves as a guide to show how the graphs are joined. Both the front-end parser and the back-end semantic interpreter are written in the Programming Language for Natural Language Processing (PLNLP).
Intra prediction using fully connected network for video coding (2017)

Traditional intra prediction methods exploit some fixed rules to generate prediction, which might not be adaptive enough to handle complicated contents. In this paper, we investigate applying deep neural network to improve the state-of-the-art intra prediction. Considering the characteristics of block-based video coding framework, we propose a fully connected network for intra prediction where all layers except non-linear ones are fully connected. In the proposed network, the inputs are multiple reference lines of the current block and the output is the prediction for the block. When compared with the traditional intra prediction method, the richer context of current block is exploited. For this reason, the proposed network is capable of providing more accurate prediction. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed network. When integrated into the HEVC reference software, the proposed method can achieve up to 3.3% bitrate saving and an average of 1.6% bitrate saving for 4K sequences.
ESCA study of polymer surfaces treated by plasma (1977)

Abstract Surfaces of polymers [polyethylene, polystyrene, poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(oxymethylene), cellulose acetate, polyacrylonitrile, nylon 6, and polytetrafluoroethylene] treated with argon (inert) and nitrogen (reactive) plasma were examined by ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis). Argon plasma treatment generally introduces oxygen functionalities into the polymer surface. Nitrogen treatment generally incorporates nitrogen and oxygen functionalities into the treated surface. The extent of oxygen incorporation is typically less than that produced by argon plasma. When nitrogen and oxygen functional groups are already in a polymer structure, the extent of additional incorporation of these two elements as a result of plasma treatment is very much less than with other polymers. Polymers which contain only one of the elements tend to incorporate the other element to much the same degree as polymers without either element initially present.
Killing Mary to save Jodie: conjoined twins and individual rights. (2001)

In September, 2000, British surgeons separated month-old conjoined twins against their parents' wishes. The operation prolonged indefinitely the life of one twin while causing the immediate death of the other. The author analyzes the competing views of the twins' embodiment that informed the debate over their separation, and argues that the resolution of their conflicting claims was a more difficult task than either side of the debate acknowledged.
SUBSTITUTED CYCLOÖCTATETRAENES FROM SUBSTITUTED ACETYLENES<sup>1</sup> (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSUBSTITUTED CYCLOÖCTATETRAENES FROM SUBSTITUTED ACETYLENES1Arthur C. Cope and Hugh C. CampbellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 7, 3536–3537Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01151a542https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01151a542research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts