gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Circular Textiles: Closed Loop Fiber to Fiber Wet Spun Process for Recycling Cotton from Denim (2019)

Textile waste is a major waste source found in landfills around the world today, due to increases in population, fast fashion cycles, and inefficient recycling technologies. Here we demonstrate a textile recycling process whereby waste denim is dissolved into a binary solvent and a regenerated cellulose fiber is wet spun. We show that using this process the spun fiber can be regenerated whereby the original color of the waste garment is maintained or regenerated in the absence of color. The retention of color can be significant since the regenerated fibers do not need to be redyed, saving considerable water and energy that is typically required in the traditional textile dyeing processes. This process utilized dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a cosolvent with ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Bmim]OAc) for the dissolution of the denim waste. The addition of the cosolvent allowed fast dissolution of the cellulosic materials while reducing the viscosity of the spinning dope. The regenerated discolored cellulose fibers produced had similar mechanical properties and morphology to that of viscose fibers, a common regenerated cellulose fiber used extensively in the textile industry. Furthermore, the utilization of binary IL solvent with high DMSO concentration (1:4) reduces the overall process cost. Synopsis: Recycling waste denim creating a regenerated cellulose fiber which can retain the color of the starting textile item or the color can be removed leaving a neutral fiber.
Energy Efficiency and Pollution Prevention: Industrial Efficiency Strategies (1998)

For many years, efforts to promote energy efficiency and pollution prevention (P2) traveled on separate, parallel paths. Most energy efficiency proponents considered only energy savings aspects of their projects and most P2 proponents did not include energy as a pollution source. More and more, however, the synergies between energy efficiency and P2 have become more apparent. Energy efficiency projects often have non-energy P2 benefits and P2 projects often save energy. Expanding projects to consider both energy efficiency and P2 enhances the financial viability of these types of projects because they allow businesses to minimize costs by using resources more efficiently. This paper discusses case studies of projects and companies that have successfully combined energy efficiency and pollution prevention technologies and strategies to enhance the environment, productivity and the bottom line.
Virtual navigation of interior structures by lidar (2011)

In this project, we propose to develop a prototype system that can automatically reconstruct 3D scenes of the interior of a building, cave or other structure using ground-based LIDAR scanning technology. We develop a user-friendly real-time visualization software package that will allow the users to interactively visualize, navigate and walk through the room from different view angles, zoom in and out, etc.
The Black American Nose (1993)

A study of 201 black American noses has led us to divide the black American nose into three groups, i.e., Groups A, B, and C, which we have called the "African," the "Afro-Caucasian," and the "Afro-Indian." Belonging to the African group (Group A) were 44% of the noses, 37% were Afro-Caucasian (Group B), and 19% were Afro-Indian (Group C). Fifty-three percent of the African noses had a concave dorsum, whereas only 10% of the Afro-Caucasian and 8% of the Afro-Indian group had a concave dorsum. On the other hand, 36% of the Afro-Caucasian group had a hump as did 63% of the Afro-Indian group. Only 18% of the African group had a hump. The most common nostril types were type IV (20%), type V (27%), and type VI (25%), the distribution of which varied with the nasal type. Anthropometric measurements showed variations according to type, with the African noses being the shortest and widest, the AFro-Caucasian the narrowest, and the Afro-Indian being the longest. Cadaver dissection showed that the alar cartilages varied from small and thin in the African group to large and thick in the Afro-Indian. All were covered by a heavy layer of fibrofatty tissue. The value of this grouping in the evaluation and surgery of the black American nose is discussed.
[Effect of proteolysis inhibitors on various bacterial pathogens and the course of the pyo-inflammatory process]. (1997)

Some proteolytic inhibitors were shown to be able to suppress the growth and development of a series of bacterial agents, the drug gordox being the most active among them. The effects of proteolytic inhibitors on the course of an inflammatory process experimentally simulated were studied. Endolymphatic (intranodular) injection of proteolytic inhibitors increased the activity of agents responsible for the body's nonspecific resistance and sharply reduced intoxication, by providing effective treatment of inflammation.
Antithrombin III for critically ill patients (2008)

AT III cannot be recommended for critically ill patients based on the available evidence. A randomized controlled trial of AT III, without adjuvant heparin, with prespecified inclusion criteria and good bias protection is needed.
Adaptation and Resistance to Diseases in Brazil of Putative Sources of Common Bean Resistance to White Mold (2015)

Common bean breeding programs for white mold (WM) resistance are in their initial stages in Brazil. Sources of partial resistance to WM are available abroad but their performance in Brazil is unknown. In two greenhouse (straw test) and three field experiments conducted in three districts in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, we evaluated a total of 23 lines with putative WM resistance with the objective to select lines with resistance to WM and other diseases associated with high yield potential. Two field-resistant local lines, two susceptible local cultivars, and two susceptible international lines were also included in the study. In the greenhouse, Cornell 605, A 195, and G122 were among the lines with the highest partial resistance to WM. In the field, these three lines were highly resistant to WM and had intermediate resistance or were resistant to anthracnose, angular leaf spot, rust, and Fusarium wilt. Cornell 605 and A 195 had high-yield potential but G122 yielded 47% less than the local lines under WM pressure. Our results suggest that Cornell 605 and A 195 are the most useful sources of resistance to WM for use in common bean breeding programs in Brazil.
An index finger exoskeleton with series elastic actuation for rehabilitation: Design, control and performance characterization (2015)

Rehabilitation of the hands is critical for the restoration of independence in activities of daily living for individuals exhibiting disabilities of the upper extremities. There is initial evidence that robotic devices with force-control-based strategies can help in effective rehabilitation of human limbs. However, to the best of our knowledge, none of the existing hand exoskeletons allow for accurate force or torque control. In this work, we present a novel index finger exoskeleton with Bowden-cable-based series elastic actuation allowing for bidirectional torque control of the device with high backdrivability and low reflected inertia. We present exoskeleton and finger joint torque controllers along with an optimization-based offline parameter estimator. Finally, we carry out tests with the developed prototype to characterize its kinematics, dynamics, and controller performance. Results show that the device preserves the characteristics of natural motion of finger and can be controlled to achieve both exoskeleton and finger joint torque control. Finally, dynamic transparency tests show that the device can be controlled to offer minimal resistance to finger motion. Beyond the present application of the device as a hand rehabilitation exoskeleton, it has the potential to be used as a haptic device for teleoperation.
Recent Progress of Small-Molecule Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Inhibitors against C797S Resistance in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2017)

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been a particular interest for drug development for treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The current third-generation EGFR small-molecule inhibitors, especially osimertinib, are at the forefront clinically for treatment of patients with NSCLC. However, a high percentage of these treated patients developed a tertiary cystein-797 to serine-790 (C797S) mutation in the EGFR kinase domain. This C797S mutation is thought to induce resistance to all current irreversible EGFR TKIs. In this Miniperspective, we present key mechanisms of resistance in response to third-generation EGFR TKIs, and emerging reports on novel EGFR TKIs to combat the resistance. Specifically, we analyze the allosteric and ATP-competitive inhibitors in terms of drug discovery, binding mechanism, and their potency and selectivity against EGFR harboring C797S mutations. Lastly, we provide some perspectives on new challenges and future directions in this field.
[Roles of targeting Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathways in the treatment of esophageal carcinoma]. (2013)

Ras is best known for its ability to regulate cell growth, proliferation and differentiation. Mutations in Ras are associated with the abnormal cell proliferation which can result in incidence of all human cancers. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is a downstream effector of Ras and plays important roles in prognosis of tumors. Recently, evidence has gradually accumulated to demonstrate that there are other effectors between Ras and ERK, these proteins interact each other and constitute the thorough Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. The pathway has profound effects on incidence of esophageal carcinoma and clinical applications of some chemotherapeutic drugs targeting the pathway. Further understanding of the relevant molecular mechanisms of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway can be helpful for the development of efficient targeting therapeutic approaches which contribute to the treatment of esophageal cancer. In this article, roles of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway in esophageal carcinoma as well as pharmacological targeting point in the pathway are reviewed.
Changes in Milk Fat Phospholipids During Lactation (1990)

Changes in lipid composition were studied in milk obtained on postpartum d 3 (colostrum), 7, 42, and 180 from 12 Holstein cows. Triglycerides, 96 to 97% of total lipids, were relatively constant during lactation. Phospholipids and cholesterol declined with advancing lactation. Concentrations of the fatty acids synthesized within the mammary gland, C10:0 to C16:0, increased about 50% from 7 to 42 d of lactation. During this period, compensatory decreases were observed in C18:1. The phospholipids were separated into five major classes: sphingomyelin, phosphatidyl choline, serine, inositol, and ethanolamine for fatty acid analysis. The changes that occurred in milk total fatty acids were reflected in phosphatidyl phospholipid fatty acid composition: an increase in medium-chain fatty acids and a decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acids of 18, 20, and 22 carbon atom chain length as lactation progressed. These changes are consistent with the theory that milk phospholipids are synthesized de novo entirely in the mammary gland.
Adenovirus-mediated interferon-β gene therapy combined with radiotherapy synergistically inhibits lung tumor growth in mice (2004)

7340 Background: The outcome of non-resectable patients with advanced stages of lung cancer (LC) is not satisfying, despite improved chemotherapy and radiotherapy regimes. In other tumors immune-modulatory therapies using various interferons (IFN) delivered via viral vector, have shown some promise. We thus evaluated the use of a replication-deficient adenoviral (Ad) vector encoding for the murine IFN-β gene (Ad.muIFN-β) in mouse LC models in combination with radiotherapy. Methods: L1C2 cells (a mouse LC cell line syngeneic in immune competent BALB/c) were injected either subcutaneously (s.c.) or intraperitoneally (i.p.). Established tumors were treated with a single dose (109 pfu) of Ad.muIFN-β, a control Ad vector (Ad.HSVtk), or saline. Large s.c. flank tumors were additionally treated with radiotherapy (10Gy) at one timepoint. Results: 80% of animals with i.p. and s.c. tumors were cured after a single dose of Ad.IFN-β. However, in animals with large tumor burden (>5% body weight) this strategy was less successful. In large flank tumors, only the combination therapy of a single dose of Ad.muIFN-β and radiotherapy significantly reduced tumor size: With combination therapy, 60% of animals showed complete tumor eradication, whereas monotherapy with Ad.muIFN-β and radiation achieved an eradication rate of 0% and 20%, resp. Conclusions: Local delivery of the murine interferon-β gene via an adenoviral vector provided effective treatment for lung cancers established at various sites, as well as protective acquired immunity. Ad.muIFN-β gene therapy and radiotherapy acted synergistically in lung tumors in mice. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Fresenius Biotech
Dos nuevas estelas alavesas (1972)

Microbacterium sp. M874 produced a glyceroglycolipid, di-O-12-methyl-tetradecanoyl-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-sn-glycerol, at about the 50 microM level. Though the strain was highly resistant to tertiary-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP) in a glycolipid-productive medium, the resistance was reduced in a nonproductive medium. Exogenous addition of the glycolipid to the nonproductive culture restored the resistance. This addition also increased the resistance to heat, ethanol, and 4-chloro-1-naphthol, in which oxygen radicals might participate. The parallel relationship found in strain M874 mutants between glycolipid productivity and resistance to tBHP or heat suggested that the resistance was mainly caused by the glycolipid. On addition of the glycolipid to a glycolipid-nonproductive culture, it was immediately incorporated into the cells and functioned as an anti-oxygen radical reagent. Thereafter, its intracellular level remained largely unchanged for at least 5 h, even in the presence of tBHP, and its activity was maintained. The glycolipid at 142 microM was sufficient to prevent the cytotoxicity induced by 88.9 mM tBHP. The glycolipid production was not induced by pretreatment with a low level of tBHP or a sublethal heat shock. In brief, the glycolipid might play an essential role in the prevention of damage by oxygen radicals in the glycolipid-producing bacterium.
Tidal Breathing Flow-Volume Loops in Healthy and Bronchitic Cats (1993)

Tidal breathing flow-volume loops (TBFVL) were obtained from 19 healthy cats and 7 cats with chronic bronchial disease. Peak inspiratory flow (PIF) occurred late in the inspiratory cycle and was preceded by a gradual but more linear increase in the flow rate. Peak expiratory flow (PEF) occurred early during expiration and was followed by a curvilinear decrease in flow to a point near the end of expiration where flow ceased. The loops obtained were generally reproducible. The mean coefficient of variation (CV) for TBFVL indices of healthy cats ranged from 5.6% to 21.9%. Loop indices from cats with chronic bronchial disease had a mean CV between 6.6% and 28.4%. Significant differences were noted in the bronchitic cats' TBFVLs, including an increased ratio of expiratory time to inspiratory time, lower expiratory flow rates, decreased area under total and peak expiratory flow curves, and decreased tidal breathing expiratory volumes (TBEV) at 0.1 and 0.5 seconds. Selected TBFVL indices were also significantly reduced. TBFVL evaluation in the cat is easy to perform, is reproducible, and has allowed for the detection of changes during tidal breathing in cats with histories and physical findings of chronic lower airway disease.
Quantitative Determination of Fumonisins B<sub>1</sub>and B<sub>2</sub>by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection (1990)

Abstract A high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the quantitative determination of the recently described mycotoxins, fumonisins B1 (FB1) and B2 (FB2) utilizing pre-column derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde, isocratic elution, and fluorescence detection. Prior to analysis, sample extracts were purified on strong anion exchange cartridges. The method has been applied to the analysis of naturally contaminated corn and mixed horse feed samples as well as fungal culture material, for the presence of the mycotoxins. Detection limits are approximately 50 ng g−1 for FB1 and 100 ng g−1 for FB2. The method proved to be highly reproducible and recoveries of the toxins from the purification steps were found to be 99.5% and 85.9% for FB1 and FB2, respectively.
Notizen. Synthese von (2<i>E</i>,4<i>Z</i>)‐2,4,11‐Dodecatrien‐1‐al, einem Abbauprodukt der Linolensäure (1982)

Synthesis of (2 E ,4 Z )‐2,4,11‐Dodecatrien‐1‐al, a Degradation Product of Linolenic Acid (2 E ,4 Z )‐2,4,11‐Dodecatrien‐1‐al ( 13 ) has been prepared by using β‐bromoallyl alcohol ( 9 ) and 1,8‐nonadiyne ( 10 ) as starting materials. 13 is in agreement with all properties of the natural compound. The synthesis via a Wittig reaction, however, leads to a partial isomerisation of the terminal double bond.
Intuitive and sensible, but often vague (2013)

Tanya Luhrmann's (2012, p. xi) When God Talks Back: Understanding the American evangelical relationship with God opens with a concise statement of her agenda:This book begins with a few simple ques...
Technology and reliability issues of multilevel interconnects in bipolar, BiCMOS and CMOS VLSIC/ULSICs (1993)

It is argued that multilevel metallizations are the key to achieving bipolar, CMOS and BiCMOS VLSI/ULSICs with superior performance and higher packing density. It is also concluded that Al-based multilevel metallizations with SiO/sub 2/ as the interlevel dielectric (ILD) are going to remain the most widely used VLSI/ULSI technology. The fundamental properties and limitations of multilevel metallizations are summarized, and solutions developed for many of the limitations are noted.
Gamma-ray scattering for mandibular bone density measurement. (1999)

There has been considerable interest in the measurement of bone density in the mandible, either to study bone resorption following tooth loss or to determine the relationship between mandibular and skeletal bone mineral density. Measurements mostly have been made on dental radiographs but more significant correlations between mandibular and skeletal bone density have been obtained when more sophisticated techniques have been used, such as quantitative CT and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The present work investigates the feasibility of using gamma-ray scattering measurements to estimate mandibular bone density. Using a phantom to simulate the jaw, an 241Am source and a hyperpure germanium detector it is shown that bone density may be measured with a precision of about 1%.
Cutting Edge: Ligation of the Glucocorticoid-Induced TNF Receptor Enhances Autoreactive CD4+ T Cell Activation and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (2004)

The glucocorticoid-induced TNFR (GITR) is expressed at high levels on resting CD4(+)CD25(+) T regulatory (T(R)) cells and regulates their suppressive phenotype. Accordingly, we show that anti-GITR mAb treatment of SJL mice with proteolipid protein 139-151-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis significantly exacerbated clinical disease severity and CNS inflammation, and induced elevated levels of Ag-specific T cell proliferation and cytokine production. Interestingly, prior depletion of T(R) cells failed to result in exacerbated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis suggesting alternative targets for the anti-GITR mAb treatment. Importantly, naive CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells up-regulated GITR expression in an activation-dependent manner and anti-GITR mAb treatment enhanced the level of CD4(+) T cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production in the absence of T(R) cells both in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, these findings suggest a dual functional role for GITR as GITR cross-linking both inactivates T(R) cells and increases CD4(+)CD25(-) T cell effector function, thus enhancing T cell immunity.
Works Cited (2006)

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Gameplay Design for Role-Playing Battle Systems (2012)

This thesis explores role-playing games, an existing genre within the current game industry.Role-playing games have many different parts which together create the whole game
experience for the user. However, this research has focused on what arguably can be said to be the core gameplay feature of role-playing games: The battle system.
This was mainly conducted by analyzing existing games using different methods, primarily by identifying gameplay design patterns in the games, and comparing them using a cluster method.The use of patterns allowed basic elements for observing and analyzing the relation between
different role-playing games while the clusters provide overviews of the subcategories of the role-playing genre.
This thesis presents view of the role-playing genre from the perspective of combat systems through two main results. The first result is the trees created by the clusters which explain subgenres through the presence of specific gameplay design patterns. The second result is four categories of patterns: those which illustrate patterns found in nearly all role-playing games;
those that define the tree result; those that can have strong impact on gameplay but without affecting subgenre membership; and those that link combat system to other parts of the gameplay.Through this, the research has established a view on the design space of role-playing games and created visualizations of how different role-playing games relate to each other. From this relation a designer can further understand how to design for different gameplay experiences for the user.
HIPAA's Effect on Web Site Privacy Policies (2007)

Healthcare institutions typically post their privacy practices online as privacy policy documents. We conducted a longitudinal study that examines the effects of HIPAA's enactment on a collection of privacy policy documents for a fixed set of organizations over a four-year period. We present our analysis of 24 healthcare privacy policy documents from nine healthcare Web sites, analyzed using goal mining, a content-analysis method that supports extraction of useful information about institutions' privacy practices from documents. We compare our results to our pre-HIPAA study of these same institutions' online privacy practices and evaluate their evolution in the presence of privacy laws