gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trust evaluation for indirectly connected nodes using link community information (2011)

Inspired by recent empirical research on link communities, we borrow some important ideas and concepts for our own research to provide a more reasonable computation model of transitive trust. The key advantages of using link community methodology is to reflect on the nature of the social network features of Hierarchy and Overlap. Our research mainly resolves the computation of trust transitivity in which two nodes do not have any direct links to any link community. In this research, we discover a new direction analyzing trust transitivity. By using a social network game, we found that the link community methodology is a natural way to analyze trust in social networks. We also discovered, even in a small social network, trust has certain community features.
Comparative mapping of HKT genes in wheat, barley, and rice, key determinants of Na+ transport, and salt tolerance (2008)

Salt tolerance of plants depends on HKT transporters (High-affinity K(+) Transporter), which mediate Na(+)-specific transport or Na(+)-K(+) co-transport. Gene sequences closely related to rice HKT genes were isolated from hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) or barley (Hordeum vulgare) for genomic DNA southern hybridization analysis. HKT gene sequences were mapped on chromosomal arms of wheat and barley using wheat chromosome substitution lines and barley-wheat chromosome addition lines. In addition, HKT gene members in the wild diploid wheat ancestors, T. monococcum (A(m) genome), T. urartu (A(u) genome), and Ae. tauschii (D(t) genome) were investigated. Variation in copy number for individual HKT gene members was observed between the barley, wheat, and rice genomes, and between the different wheat genomes. HKT2;1/2-like, HKT2;3/4-like, HKT1;1/2-like, HKT1;3-like, HKT1;4-like, and HKT1;5-like genes were mapped to the wheat-barley chromosome groups 7, 7, 2, 6, 2, and 4, respectively. Chromosomal regions containing HKT genes were syntenic between wheat and rice except for the chromosome regions containing the HKT1;5-like gene. Potential roles of HKT genes in Na(+) transport in rice, wheat, and barley are discussed. Determination of the chromosome locations of HKT genes provides a framework for future physiological and genetic studies investigating the relationships between HKT genes and salt tolerance in wheat and barley.
Optimal Mode Selection and Channel Coding for Video Transmission Over Wireless Channels using H.264/AVC (2007)

This paper addresses the problem of joint encoder optimization and channel coding for realtime video transmission over wireless channels. An efficient solution is proposed to optimally select macroblock modes and quantizers as well as channel coding rates. The proposed optimization algorithm fully considers error resilience, forward error correction and error concealment. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Artificial Brains. An Inexpensive Method for Accelerating the Evolution of Neural Network Modules for Building Artificial Brains (2007)

This chapter shows how a “Celoxica” electronic board (containing a Xilinx Virtex II FPGA chip) can be used to accelerate the evolution of neural network modules that are to be evolved quickly enough, so that building artificial brains that consist of 10,000s of interconnected modules, can be made practical. We hope that this work will prove to be an important stepping stone towards making the new field of brain building both practical and cheap enough for many research groups to start building their own artificial brains.
Harmonised Regulation and Labelling of Product Emissions – A New Initiative by the European Commission (2011)

There is a need to inform and educate building designers, managers and occupiers about possible harmful effects of emissions into the indoor environment and to develop indoor air quality management plans to minimise risks. This is an important part of the building environmental assessment provided by some green building certification schemes, such as LEED and Hong Kong BEAM. The development of European and international standardisation for the testing and labelling of products is a key aspect of the regulation and control of emissions of harmful chemicals and is the basis of the present initiative the main elements of which are summarised in this editorial paper.
Fatigue, Resident Work Hours, and Safety (2009)

From the Division of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Reprints: David W. Bates, MD, MSc, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 1620 Tremont St., Boston, Massachusetts. Email: [email protected].
Interleukin-4 inhibits both paracrine and autocrine tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced proliferation of B chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells (1992)

The proliferative response of purified malignant B cells from 26 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was investigated in vitro. In the majority of these patients, a proliferative response could be induced by the combination of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and PMA. The concentration of PMA was found to be critical and showed a sharp optimum. In most cases maximal proliferation was obtained with as little as 0.1 ng/mL PMA. In all cases tested, TNF-alpha-induced proliferation could be inhibited completely by the addition of low doses of interleukin-4 (IL-4). Maximal inhibition was already found with 400 pg/mL IL-4. Inhibition by IL-4 was not caused by a downmodulation of TNF receptors. Apart from TNF-alpha, IL-2 was also in synergy with PMA able to induce proliferation in B-CLL cells of some patients. This IL-2-induced proliferation could be inhibited both by IL-4 and by neutralizing anti-TNF-alpha antibodies. This shows that TNF-alpha also can act as an autocrine growth factor. These data indicate that TNF-alpha is an important growth factor for neoplastic B-CLL cells and that IL-4 provides a tool to interfere with this TNF-alpha response.
Characterization of Meander Dipole Antennas With a Geometry-Based, Frequency-Independent Lumped Element Model (2012)

Meander antennas have gained widespread use in applications such as radio frequency identification (RFID) devices where space for the antenna is limited or a low-frequency operation is required. Several size-reduction and synthesis methods have been proposed over time. However, few studies have focused on developing models to characterize the operation of meander antennas. In addition, existing models are frequency-dependent, which means that they are inherently narrowband. An alternative model that is based entirely on the geometry of a meander dipole antenna (MDA) and is frequency-independent is proposed. To enhance the accuracy of the proposed model, the effect of mutual capacitances introduced through bending of the antenna wire is incorporated. The mutual capacitances are also a function of the antenna geometry. This model is expected to be more broadband relative to existing models. The equivalent circuit model proposed is validated through comparison to numerical simulations in EMCoS, a moment-method-based software package. The discrepancies between predictions of the resonant frequencies of MDAs with our model and simulation results are found to be less than 3%. Two classes of meander dipole antennas are introduced.
Validation of a tool predicting important findings on computed tomography among Crohn’s disease patients (2016)

A decision tool using CRP and ESR predicting CT outcomes among CD patients performed well in an external validation, allowing providers to forgo CT use with a low miss rate.
The Existence of Merkel Cells in the Lingual Connective Tissue of the Surinam Caiman, Caiman crocodilus crocodilus(Order Crocodilia). (1999)

The tongue of the Surinam caiman (a reptilian species) was studied by light microscopy including immunohistochemistry for protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), and transmission electron microscopy. The connective tissue immediately under taste buds housed a cluster of cells immunoreactive for PGP 9.5. These cells synapsed on nerves, and their cytoplasm contained characteristic granules of 90 nm in the mean diameter, glycogen particles, and bundles of intermediate filaments. In light of these ultrastructural features, they were identified as Merkel cells. The Merkel cells were also surrounded by Schwann cells. These findings indicate that the present Merkel cell-neurite-Schwann cell complex is comparable to the avian Merkel corpuscle. On the basis of the granule localization in the cytoplasm, the caiman Merkel cell was presumed to be involved in not only mechanoreception but also endocrine or paracrine functions.
New device degradation due to 'cold' carriers created by band-to-band tunneling (1989)

Device degradation caused by so-called 'cold' carriers due to band-to-band tunneling in a MOS drain region is studied. The cold carriers acquire energy from the electric field in the drain region and surmount the Si-SiO/sub 2/ barrier. In an n-channel device, injected holes cause a decrease in the tunnel current and a negative MOS threshold-voltage shift opposite to that observed in hot-carrier degradation previously reported. A simple analytical model is presented. This model agrees well with the experimental data in both n- and p-channel devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Incentive Effects of the Corporate Alternative Minimum Tax (1989)

The Tax Reform Act (TRA) of 1986 embraced fundamental and far reaching changes to the U.S. system of personal and corporate income taxation. These changes were motivated by a desire to reduce the distor tionary impact of taxation on economic activity and to promote a more equitable distribution of the tax burden. Accordingly, the legislation implemented lower marginal tax rates and leveled the playing field by eliminating the special treatment of many items. One significant portion of the TRA amended the U.S. system of alter native minimum taxes (henceforth AMTs), which limit the extent to which individuals and corporations can reduce tax liabilities through the use of preference items. The new base for the corporate AMT consists of taxable income plus a variety of preference items, including (most nota bly) the difference between normal and accelerated depreciation allow ances on real property and one-half of the difference between taxable income and book income (to be replaced by earnings and profits after 1989). Corporations pay the maximum of their conventional and AMT liabilities, where the latter is calculated by applying a specified tax sched
Eye Movements and Motion Perception Induced by Off-vertical Axis Rotation (OVAR) at Small Angles of Tilt after Spaceflight (1995)

The nystagmus and motion perception of two astronauts were recorded during Earth-vertical axis rotation and during off-vertical axis rotation (OVAR) before and after 7 days of spaceflight. Postflight, the peak velocity and duration of per- and postrotatory nystagmus during velocity steps about the Earth-vertical axis were the same as preflight values. During OVAR at constant velocity (45/s, tilt angles successively 5, 10, and 15 degrees), the mean horizontal slow-phase eye velocity (bias), produced by the 'velocity storage mechanism' in the vestibular system, and the peak-to-peak amplitude (modulation) in horizontal eye velocity and position, generated from the output of otolith afferents, were also the same before as after flight. There were, however, changes in the vertical eve position and in the perceived body motion during OVAR. The angle of the perceived body path described as a cone was larger in both astronauts postflight. One astronaut experienced either a large cone angle with its axis upright, or a smaller cone angle with its axis tilted backwards, accompanied by an upward vertical eye drift. These results suggest an increase in the sensitivity of the otolithic system after spaceflight and a longer period of readaptation to Earth's gravity for otolith-induced responses than for canal-induced responses. Our data support the hypothesis that just after spaceflight the CNS generally interprets changes in the otolith signals to be due to translation rather than to tilt.
New derivation methods of BER performance in channel interference of PSK signals (2002)

New methods for deriving the bit error rate (BER) in cochannel interference and adjacent channel interference are proposed. The methods utilize the eye pattern of the interference signal and the probability density function of components in the interference signals, respectively, and are different from the conventional method based on the conversion of the interference components to thermal noise. These methods are quantitatively evaluated and confirmed as an effective approach in terms of BER performance by the comparison between the results calculated by these methods and the results obtained by experiment and computer simulation.
Linear and cyclic aminomethanephosphonic acid esters derived from benzaldehyde derivatives, 3-aminopropanol, and diethyl phosphite (2006)

A series of four diethyl {[(3-hydroxy- propyl)amino](aryl)methyl}phosphonates have been prepared and characterized. In one case, the phosphonate was transformed to a seven-membered 1,4,2- oxazaphosphepane heterocycle through a one-pot intramolecular esterification. The analogous reaction with formaldehyde gave the six-membered diethyl (1,3-oxazinan-3-ylmethyl)phosphonate, which could be transformed in a posterior reaction to the corresponding aminomethanephosphonic acid. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 17:75–80, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20178
Metalated Nitriles:  Electrophile-Dependent Alkylations (2005)

[reaction: see text] Sequential carbonyl addition-conjugate addition to oxonitriles generates a C-magnesiated nitrile exhibiting electrophile-dependent alkylation stereoselectivities. Alkylations with alkyl halides, sulfonates, and ketones proceed with retention of stereochemistry, whereas aldehyde and acyl cyanide acylations proceed with inversion of stereochemistry. BuLi-initiated conversion of the C-magnesiated nitrile to the corresponding N-lithiated nitrile reverses the alkylation stereoselectivity, providing a facile route to diastereomeric nitriles that vary at a single, quaternary stereocenter.
Chlorine bonding sites and bonding configurations on Si(100)–(2×1) (1993)

A combination of experimental methods has been employed for the study of Cl2 adsorption and reaction on Si(100)–(2×1). At 100 K, Cl2 adsorption occurs rapidly to a coverage of ∼0.7 Cl/Si. This is followed by slower adsorption kinetics with further Cl2 exposure. Two Cl adsorption states are observed experimentally. One of the adsorption states is terminally bonded Cl on the inclined dangling bond of the symmetric Si2 dimer sites, with a vibrational frequency, ν(SiCl) of 550∼600 cm−1. These bonded Cl atoms give four off-normal Cl+ ESDIAD emission beams from the orthogonal domains of silicon dimer sites. The Si–Cl bond angle for this adsorption configuration is estimated to be inclined 25°±4° off-normal. The second Cl adsorption state, a minority species, is bridge bonded Cl with ν(Si2Cl) of ∼295 cm−1 which produces Cl+ ion emission along the surface normal direction. Both adsorption states are present at low temperatures. Irreversible conversion from bridge bonded Cl to terminally bonded Cl begins to occur near 300 K; the conversion is complete near ∼673 K. LEED studies indicate that the (2×1) reconstruction for the substrate is preserved for all Cl coverages. The most probable Cl+ kinetic energy in electron stimulated desorption, ESD, is 1.1−+0.30.6 eV. A significant adsorbate-adsorbate quenching effect reducing the Cl+ ion yield in ESD occurs above a Cl(a) coverage of ∼0.5 ML (monolayer) due to interadsorbate interactions. The maximum Cl+ yield is about 4×10−7 Cl+/e at an electron energy of 120 eV. Temperature programmed desorption results show that SiCl2 is the major etching product which desorbs at about 840 K.
Locomotion with continuum limbs (2012)

This paper presents the kinematics, dynamics, and experimental results for a novel quadruped robot using continuum limbs. We propose soft continuum limbs as a new paradigm for robotic locomotion in unstructured environments due to their potential to generate a wide array of locomotion behaviors ranging from walking, trotting, crawling, and propelling to whole arm grasping as a means of negotiating difficult obstacles. A straightforward method to derive the kinematics and dynamics for the proposed quadruped has been demonstrated through numerical simulations. Initial experiments on a prototype continuum quadruped demonstrate the ability to stand up from a flat-belly stance, absorb external disturbances such as maintaining stability after dropping from a height and after being perturbed by a collision, and crawling on flat and cluttered environments. Experiment results provide evidence that locomotion with soft continuum limbs are feasible and usable in unstructured environments for variety of applications.
A Graph-based Disambiguation Approach for Construction of an Expert Repository from Public Online Sources (2013)

The paper describes a dynamic framework for the construction and maintenance of an expert-finding repository through the continuous gathering and processing of online information. An initial set of online sources, relevant to the topic of interest, is identified to perform an initial collection of author profiles and publications. The extracted information is used as a seed to further enrich the expert profiles by considering other, potentially complementary, online data sources. The resulting expert repository is represented as a graph, where related author profiles are dynamically clustered together via a complex author disambiguation process leading to continuous merging and splitting of author nodes. Several rules are developed that assign weights to the links in the graph based on author similarities such as name, affiliation, e-mail, co-authors, and interests. Dynamic clustering of the authors depending on these weights results in the identification of unique experts for a specific domain. The developed disambiguation and author clustering algorithms are validated on several authors with varying name notations showing an improvement on the identification of unique profiles of 28% compared to the
Application of artificial neural networks to the design of turbomachinery airfoils (1998)

The feasibility of applying artie cial neural networks to the aerodynamic design of turbomachinery airfoils is investigated. The design process involves dee ning a target pressure distribution, computing several e ows to adequately populate the design space in the vicinity of the target, training the neural network with this data, and, e nding a design that has a pressure distribution that is closest to the target. The last step is carried out using the network as a function evaluator. This design process is tested using an established e ow simulation procedure, a simple two-layer feedforward network and a conjugate gradient optimization technique. Results are presented for some validation tests as well as a complete design effort where the pressure distribution from a modern Pratt and Whitneyturbinewasused as a target. Theseresultsareveryencouraging and clearly warrant furtherdevelopment of the process for full three-dimensional design.
A systems and synthetic biology approach for improving wine yeast properties (2015)

Póster presentado en el EMBO/EMBL Symposium (Enabling Technologies for Eukaryotic Synthetic Biology), celebrado en Heidelberg (Alemania) del 21 al 23 de junio de 2015.
Asymmetric Synthesis of (-)-Tetrahydrolipstatin (1991)

The asymmetric synthesis of the β-propiolactone functionality of tetrahydrolipstatin was achieved via a stereoselective aldol reaction between the iron octanoyl complex (S)-[(η5-C5H5)Fe(CO)(PPh3)COC7H15] and (S)-3-benzyloxytetradecanal (obtained via a Noyori asymmetric hydrogenation of methyl 3-oxotetradecanoate) followed by oxidative decomplexation. Subsequent debenzylation and introduction of the N-formylleucine residue gave (-)-tetrahydrolipstatin.
Haptic feedback in remote pointing (2009)

We investigate the use of haptic feedback for enhancing user performance with remote pointing devices. We present a number of concepts that use haptic feedback on such devices and the results of the first user study, in which we have compared the effects of different feedback types on users' performance and preference in remote pointing tasks. The study showed that the addition of haptic feedback significantly improves the performance, while it has also revealed a seemingly low user acceptance of haptic feedback. We discuss the implications of our findings and outline the future work.
Dense Suspension Splat: Monolayer Spreading and Hole Formation after Impact (2014)

We use experiments and minimal numerical models to investigate the rapidly expanding monolayer formed by the impact of a dense suspension drop against a smooth solid surface. The expansion creates a lacelike pattern of particle clusters separated by particle-free regions. Both the expansion and the development of the spatial inhomogeneity are dominated by particle inertia and, therefore, are robust and insensitive to details of the surface wetting, capillarity, and viscous drag.
The relationship between parkinsonian rigidity and hypokinesia in the orofacial system (1982)

Muscle rigidity was quantified in the labial muscles of parkinsonian and normal subjects by applying known forces and observing the resultant displacements to determine labial stiffness coefficients. In parallel, labial speech movements were observed from these same subjects to evaluate hypokinesia. Labial rigidity was consistently correlated with decrements in the range of lip movement. EMG from orbicularis oris and mentalis muscles indicated a causal relationship between rigidity and hypokinesia.
A New Entry in Catalytic Alkynylation of Aldehydes and Ketones: Dual Activation of Soft Nucleophiles and Hard Electrophiles by an Indium(III) Catalyst. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An integrated multimedia desktop communication and collaboration platform for broadband ISDN (1992)

No abstract available.
Predictions of equal-loudness functions from absolute identification performance (1974)

Listeners were asked to identify 1000-Hz tone pulses chosen at random from a set of 13 stimuli which differed only in intensity. In one experiment, the pulses were presented in quiet; in a second, they were presented in a background of wide-band noise. In both experiments the set of signal intensities ranged from a few decibels above the detection threshold to 90 dB SPL. As predicted by the preliminary theory of intensity resolution [N.I. Durlach and L.D. Braida, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 46, 372–383 (1968)], the same total sensitivity was measured in both experiments. However, the shapes of the cumulative sensitivity functions differed strongly according to the presence of the background noise. Preliminary results indicate that masked and unmasked intensities of equal loudness (as measured in a monaural loudness balance experiment) correspond to equal values of cumulative sensitivity with respect to threshold. Thus resolution measures in absolute identification experiments can be used to predict matching stimuli in loudness balance experiments.