gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification in the HLA class I region of a gene expressed late in keratinocyte differentiation. (1993)

A gene designated S has been identified in the class I region of the human major histocompatibility complex. The S gene is located 160 kb telomeric of HLA-C. It is expressed at high levels as 2.2-kb and 2.6-kb mRNAs in human skin. No homologous transcripts were detected in other tissues including placenta, liver, spleen, thymus, and brain. In situ hybridization showed that S gene expression was restricted to the differentiating keratinocytes in the granular layer of the epidermis. The predicted amino acid sequence of the S protein was remarkable for its high content of serine, glycine, and proline. There were significant similarities with the amino acid sequences of loricrin, keratin 1, and keratin 10, all major components of the granular-cell layer. The selective expression of the S gene in the granular-cell layer in the epidermis suggests a role in the developmental program of differentiating keratinocytes. Furthermore, in light of the recognized association of psoriasis vulgaris, a disorder of keratinocyte proliferation, with alleles of HLA-C, this gene may contribute primarily to the pathogenesis of this common disorder.
MUC1 cytoplasmic tail: a potential therapeutic target for ovarian carcinoma (2006)

Ovarian cancer is often a lethal disease, since the occult progression of the tumor within the peritoneal cavity results in late diagnosis and treatment failure. The identification of molecular events specific to metastasis is critical for the development of effective therapies. MUC1 is aberrantly overexpressed by most ovarian cancer and regarded as a molecular target for ovarian cancer. This review focuses on the latest advances regarding a signaling region in the MUC1 C-terminal subunit-mediated c-Src signaling pathways in malignant transformation, invasion and metastasis. Disruption of MUC1-C-terminal subunit-associated c-Src signaling by targeting the specific sites might represent a novel immunotherapeutic approach for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Manufacturing cell formation using spreadsheets (1996)

Many algorithms have been proposed to form manufacturing cells from component routeings. Most of these methods require specialized algorithms for implementation. Some others use well known procedures such as integer programming. However, these may be difficult for practising managers to comprehend. Proposes a simple method that can be implemented using spreadsheet software. The method is based on similarity coefficients and a pair‐wise interchange procedure. Describes the method and the spreadsheet implementation. Compares our procedure with many existing procedures using eight well‐known problems from the literature. Using three evaluation measures shows that the proposed procedure is effective. Given its simplicity and effectiveness, it may be useful to practitioners and researchers.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of Furazanyl‐Substituted Acetylenes and Diacetylenes. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Liquid Barrier Filter-a New Concept to Eliminate Particulate Contaminants from Gases (1982)

We have explored the possibility of using a continuous liquid phase of high gas permeability as a filter to remove particulate contaminants from a gas stream. The liquid, a non-toxic perfluorocarbon, severs upstream and downstream gas phases completely. It can dissolve great quantities of gases and pass them, by diffusion, along even a slight partial pressure gradient. The liquid phase remains intact in the process: there is no convective transfer of gas. Particulate contaminants will, on impact with the continuous liquid phase, lose their momentum and be stopped; our results promise near ideal efficacy of capture. We suggest that filters based on this principle be developed to protect against highly toxic particulate contaminants in an atmosphere.
6-T SRAM performance assessment with stacked silicon nanowire MOSFETs (2015)

This paper assesses the 6-T SRAM performance and provides the design methodology with stacked gate-all-around silicon nanowire (NW) MOSFETs. To achieve high density design while preserving performance, different numbers of stacked NW MOSFETs are investigated via three-dimensional TCAD simulation. Due to tradeoff between read stability and writeability margins, adjusting the relative strengths of the transistors is needed but it can not be done straightforwardly as the widths of transistors are now quantized. Furthermore, when 3D stacking nanowires technique is used, another design issue with various stacked transistors has to be taken into account. This work simulates butterfly curves and N-curves to assess the device performance and provides an optimal design methodology for feasible manufacturability and good performance while using high density stacking technique. It is suggested that for the same stacked layers, though high stacking number favors writeability, it is limited to three layers due to source/drain series resistances. The double stacking is feasible for balanced read and write performances.
The reaction of protein amino groups with methyl 5-iodopyridine-2-carboximidate. A possible general method of preparing isomorphous heavy-atom derivatives of proteins (1973)

1. The synthesis of methyl 5-iodopyridine-2-carboximidate and its reaction with amino groups of model compounds and performic acid-oxidized insulin are described. The reagent was designed to introduce heavy atoms into specific sites in proteins. 2. Specific reaction with the amino groups of oxidized insulin can be achieved under reasonably mild conditions giving rise to the corresponding N-monosubstituted amidines. 3. The extent of reaction of this reagent with protein amino groups can be readily determined by difference spectroscopy. Modification of lysine residues inhibits tryptic cleavage at such residues, and this can be of assistance in establishing the site of modification in the primary structure. 4. Evidence is presented to show that methyl 5-iodopyridine-2-carboximidate can react specifically, at pH5.0, with the aromatic amino group of 3-amino-l-tyrosine; the final product of this reaction is a 2-arylbenzoxazole. 5. The use of this reagent as a general method for preparing heavy-atom isomorphous derivatives of proteins is discussed.
Social Influence Analysis: Models, Methods, and Evaluation (2018)

Social influence analysis (SIA) is a vast research field that has attracted research interest in many areas. In this paper, we present a survey of representative and state-of-the-art work in models, methods, and evaluation aspects related to SIA. We divide SIA models into two types: microscopic and macroscopic models. Microscopic models consider human interactions and the structure of the influence process, whereas macroscopic models consider the same transmission probability and identical influential power for all users. We analyze social influence methods including influence maximization, influence minimization, flow of influence, and individual influence. In social influence evaluation, influence evaluation metrics are introduced and social influence evaluation models are then analyzed. The objectives of this paper are to provide a comprehensive analysis, aid in understanding social behaviors, provide a theoretical basis for influencing public opinion, and unveil future research directions and potential applications. Keywords: Social influence analysis, Online social networks, Social influence analysis models, Influence evaluation
[Randomized controlled study of leucomax (recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, rhGM-CSF) in the treatment of cancer chemotherapy-induced leucopenia]. (1998)

Leucomax is a valuable adjunct in cancer chemotherapy.
Induction of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 by Albumin Is Mediated by Nuclear Factor κB in Proximal Tubule Cells (1999)

The transcription and translation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), a CC chemokine, are increased in proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTC) stimulated with pathophysiologically relevant concentrations of albumin. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB)/Rel proteins play a role in albumin-induced MCP-1 transcription. Confluent monolayers of rat PTC in primary culture were stimulated with delipidated bovine serum albumin. NFkappaB, the NFkappaB inhibitory protein (IkappaB), and MCP-1 transcription were assessed using electrophoretic mobility shift assays, Western immunoblotting, semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR, and ribonuclease protection assays. Activation of NFkappaB by delipidated bovine serum albumin (15 mg/ml) was detectable within 2 h, maximal after 8 h, and maintained for at least 16 h of continuous exposure. Supershift analysis showed that the activated proteins were composed of p50/p50, p50/p65, and p50/c-Rel dimers. dimers. Cytoplasmic IkappaBalpha levels were decreased 30 min after stimulation and returned to unstimulated levels by 4 to 8 h. IkappaBbeta levels were decreased at 2 h and there was no recovery until 8 h. Inhibition of NFkappaB with pharmacologic agents (N-tosyl-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone and dexamethasone) and an antisense oligonucleotide to the rat p65 subunit of NFkappaB significantly reduced MCP-1 transcription. The 3.6-kb 5' flanking region of the rat MCP-1 gene was cloned and sequenced, and two putative kappaB binding sites were identified within the enhancer region. Therefore, albumin increased NFkappaB and reduced IkappaB levels in PTC, and MCP-1 expression was dependent on NFkappaB activation. It is concluded that the activation of NFkappaB/Rel proteins modulates chemokine production in PTC in response to albumin and is likely to have an important role in the mediation of tubulointerstitial injury in proteinuric renal disease.
Human Serum from Platelet‐Poor Plasma for the Culture of Primary Human Preadipocytes (2006)

In adipose tissue engineering, the use of human serum is essential to achieve the goal of an autologous system. Serum from conventional human plasma (SCP) contains platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), a growth factor known to be both a potent inhibitor of adipose differentiation and also the most important stimulator of proliferation in human serum. Serum from platelet-poor plasma (SPPP) is considered to be PDGF-deprived and should therefore inhibit the differentiation of preadipocytes to adipocytes to a lesser extent. Effective cultivation of preadipocytes with SPPP requires compensating for the missing stimulatory PDGF effect on proliferation. However, the addition of other growth factors to the media needs to provide stimulation of proliferation without significant inhibition of differentiation. Primary human preadipocytes were isolated from adipose tissue samples of 10 healthy human donors and cultured under four different medium conditions (SCP, SPPP, SPPP + 1 nM basic fibroblast growth factor [bFGF], and SPPP + 1 nM epidermal growth factor [EGF]) for five generations. Proliferation activity and differentiation capacity were assessed for each sample, generation, and culture condition by calculating doubling time and measuring glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH)-specific activity. The use of SPPP resulted in a marked rise in GPDH activity compared with the cells cultured with SCP. Supplementing SPPP with 1 nM bFGF or EGF increased proliferation activity significantly. SPPP can be considered superior to SCP for the culture of primary human preadipocytes in adipose tissue engineering in terms of proliferation activity and differentiation capacity.
Storage of hemopoietic stem cells (2007)

For high-quality storage of HSC and TC, processing facilities should use validated procedures that take into account critical variables. The quality of all products must be assessed before and after storage.
Adaptive role switching protocol for improving scatternet performance in Bluetooth radio networks (2006)

Bluetooth has been considered as a high potential technology for providing wireless communication in a home-networking environment. In a Bluetooth network, it is difficult to control or predefine a scatternet structure because that the scatternet is formed using a distributed procedure, with the master and slave connected at random. A badly structured scatternet exhibits the following characteristics. Firstly, too many bridges in the scatternet will create a guard slot overhead associated with bridge switching among the participated piconets, increasing the probability of packet loss. Secondly, too many piconets in a communicative range will cause packet collision and thus degrade the performance. Unnecessary piconets also lengthen the routing path and transmission delay. This work proposes a distributed scatternet reconstruction protocol for dynamically reorganizing the scatternet topology. By applying the role switching operation, the unnecessary bridges and the piconet can be dynamically removed and hence, improve the packet error rate, save guard slots, and reduce the average routing length. Experimental results reveal that the proposed protocol significantly improves the performance of a Bluetooth scatternet
Fast, Privacy Preserving Linear Regression over Distributed Datasets based on Pre-Distributed Data (2015)

This work proposes a protocol for performing linear regression over a dataset that is distributed over multiple parties. The parties will jointly compute a linear regression model without actually sharing their own private datasets. We provide security definitions, a protocol, and security proofs. Our solution is information-theoretically secure and is based on the assumption that a Trusted Initializer pre-distributes random, correlated data to the parties during a setup phase. The actual computation happens later on, during an online phase, and does not involve the trusted initializer. Our online protocol is orders of magnitude faster than previous solutions. In the case where a trusted initializer is not available, we propose a computationally secure two-party protocol based on additive homomorphic encryption that substitutes the trusted initializer. In this case, the online phase remains the same and the offline phase is computationally heavy. However, because the computations in the offline phase happen over random data, the overall problem is embarrassingly parallelizable, making it faster than existing solutions for processors with an appropriate number of cores.
A Data Extraction Process for Avionics Systems’ Interface Specifications (2016)

Avionics systems, along with their internal hardware and software components interfaces, must be well defined and specified (e.g., unambiguous, complete, verifiable, consistent, and traceable specification). Such a specification is usually written in the form of an Interface Control Document (ICD), and represents the cornerstone of the avionics system integration activities. However, there is no commonly accepted language to define and use these ICDs and no common definition of what an ICD is or should contain. Indeed, avionics companies define their own, proprietary ICDs and processes. In this paper, we first identify the pieces of information that an ICD should contain for both federated and IMA open systems. Then, we propose a data extraction process that enables better understanding and more efficient extraction of open avionics systems interface specifications, and provides a clearer vision on the information needed to build a model driven solution for modeling avionics system interfaces, our long-term goal. We validate this process by applying it on a set of open avionics sub-system standards and the results have shown its feasibility.
Effect of Humanizing Mutations on the Stability of the Llama Single-Domain Variable Region (2021)

In vivo clinical applications of nanobodies (VHHs) require molecules that induce minimal immunoresponse and therefore possess sequences as similar as possible to the human VH domain. Although the relative sequence variability in llama nanobodies has been used to identify scaffolds with partially humanized signature, the transformation of the <i>Camelidae</i> hallmarks in the framework2 still represents a major problem. We assessed a set of mutants in silico and experimentally to elucidate what is the contribution of single residues to the VHH stability and how their combinations affect the mutant nanobody stability. We described at molecular level how the interaction among residues belonging to different structural elements enabled a model llama nanobody (C8WT, isolated from a naïve library) to be functional and maintain its stability, despite the analysis of its primary sequence would classify it as aggregation-prone. Five chimeras formed by grafting CDRs isolated from different nanobodies into C8WT scaffold were successfully expressed as soluble proteins and both tested clones preserved their antigen binding specificity. We identified a nanobody with human hallmarks that seems suitable for humanizing selected camelid VHHs by grafting heterologous CDRs in its scaffold and could serve for the preparation of a synthetic library of human-like single domains.
Waveguiding epitaxial LiNbO3 layers deposited by radio frequency sputtering (1992)

Thin films of LiNbO3 were rf sputter deposited onto a number of different substrates and were investigated with a variety of characterization methods. The morphology of the films was investigated by the scanning electron microscope and the crystal structure was determined by x-ray diffraction and small area electron diffraction. The composition was obtained from electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis and was confirmed by Rutherford backscattering. Some optical properties of the film were also investigated, for example, the refractive index which was determined from the coupling angles or the losses of the guided modes measured by scanning a fiber probe along the mode. These analyses showed that best layers can be obtained when depositing LiNbO3 layers with a thickness of approximately 200 nm on (001)-sapphire at a temperature of 500 °C and a deposition rate of 0.2–0.5 nm/min. Using these parameters, single crystalline epitaxial films can be deposited having stoichiometric composition and minimal surface roughness. It was also possible to excite waveguide modes in these films with losses less than 5 dB/cm.
Coherent Light Amplification in Optically Pumped Cs Vapor (1961)

Received 11 September 1961DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.7.415©1961 American Physical Society
Reliability of Chronaxie and Accommodation Index in the Diagnosis of Muscle Denervation (2005)

Fragestellung: Das Ziel dieser Studie war die Ermittlung der Interraterreliabilität der Chronaxie und des Akkommodationsindexes in der Beurteilung der Muskeldenervierung. Material und Methode: 24 Patienten, die zur Abklärung einer peripheren Nervenläsion in konsekutiver Reihenfolge zugewiesen wurden, nahmen an der Studie teil. Entsprechend einer Randomisierungsliste mit drei Untersuchern bestimmte zuerst ein und dann ein zweiter, verblindeter Untersucher Chronaxie und Akkommodationsindex. Zur Ermittlung der Reliabilität der qualitativen Bewertung (neurogene Läsion ja/nein; Grenzwerte: Chronaxie ≥ 1 ms, Akkommodationsindex < 2) und der quantitativen kategorisierten Bewertung (keine, leichte, mittelgradige oder höhergradige neurogene Läsion) mittels Chronaxie wurden der Prozentsatz der Übereinstimmung und der Kappa-Koeffizient bestimmt. Um die Übereinstimmung der numerischen Ergebnisse der Chronaxie darzustellen, wurden der Intraklassenkorrelationskoeffizient (ICC) und die durchschnittliche Variabilität berechnet. Ergebnisse: Die qualitative Bewertung betreffend betrug der Prozentsatz der Übereinstimmung zwischen der ersten und zweiten Untersuchung 96 % für die Chronaxie und 83 % für den Akkommodationsindex. Der Kappa-Koeffizient war 0,92 für die Chronaxie und 0,66 für den Akkommodationsindex. Für die quantitative kategorisierte Bewertung der Chronaxie war die prozentuelle Übereinstimmung 83 % und der Kappa-Koeffizient 0,74. Für die numerischen Werte der Chronaxie wurde ein mittlerer ICC von 0,83 und eine durchschnittliche Variabilität (Median; Interquartilabstand25 - 75) zwischen der ersten und zweiten Untersuchung von 11,1; 0 - 40 % ermittelt. Schlussfolgerung: Die Interraterreliabilität ist für die qualitative diagnostische Bewertung der Muskeldenervierung, vor allem die Chronaxie betreffend, gut. Bei der quantitativen Beurteilung muss eine entsprechende Interratervariabilität berücksichtigt werden.
비구 보강환과 동종골 감입술을 이용한 비구컵 재치환술 (2006)

목적: 불량한 골주를 가진 비구부에 대하여 동종골의 감입 골이식과 비구 보강환을 이용한 비구컵 재치환술의 임상적 및 방사선학적 결과를 분석하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 1993년 7월부터 2003년 12월까지 비구 보강환을 사용하여 비구컵 재치환술을 시행하고 최소 2년 이상 추시가 가능했던 18명, 19예를 대상으로 하였다. 수술시 평균 연령은 59(34~76)세였고, 남녀 각각 9명, 9명이었다. 수술 후 추시 기간은 평균 64(24-153)개월이었다. 비구부 재치환술을 시행한 19예 중 16예는 무균성 해리, 2예는 광범위 진행성 골용해, 1예는 인공 고관절 전치환술 후 감염에 의한 고관절 절제 성형(Girdlestone)상태였다. 비구부의 골결손 정도는 AAOS분류에 따라 제2형 공동형 결손이 5예, 제3형 복합형 결손이 13예, 제4형 단절형 결손이 1예였다. 임상적으로 modified Harris 고관절 점수를 이용하여 평가하였고, 방사선학적 평가는 정기적으로 시행한 방사선적 촬영을 분석하였다. 결과: 임상적으로 modified Harris 고관절 점수는 술전 평균 47점에서 최종 추시상 86점으로 향상되었다. 방사선학적으로 비구부 주위 골용해는 2예에서 발생하였으나, 추시상 진행하지는 않았다. 술 전에 비해 고관절의 회전 중심이 회복되었다(p<0.05). 합병증으로는 탈구가 2예, Ganz ring의 고리 분절이 1예, 이소성 골형성증이 1예, 대퇴동맥 손상이 1예 있었다. 최종 추시상 19예 모두 동종골의 골유합 소견을 보여 주었고, 비구컵의 이동을 포함한 방사선학적 해리 소견과 추가적인 탈구는 관찰되지 않았다. 결론: 인공 고관절 치환술시 불량한 골주를 가진 비구부에 대하여 동종골의 감입 골이식과 비구 보강환을 이용한 고관절 중심의 회복과 안정적인 고정으로 좋은 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.
[Protective effects of ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1 on cultured hippocampal neurons]. (1995)

It has been well documented that ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1 are important active principles of ginseng. In the present studies, Rb1 and Rg1 were found to prolong the duration of neuronal life and provided partial protection against the excitotoxic effect of glutamate in primary hippocampal cultures. Since excitotoxic neuronal injury of glutamate is considered to be caused by the increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentrations, the effects of Rb1 and Rg1 on [Ca2+]i elevated by glutamate were measured in cultured hippocampal cells using Fura-2/AM as a calcium indicator. The results showed that Rb1 and Rg1 could selectively inhibit the high level glutamate (500 mumol.L-1) induced increase of [Ca2+]i, suggesting that the neuroprotective activities of Rb1 and Rg1 were mediated by blocking calcium over-influx into neuronal cells.
Transparent large-page support for Itanium linux (2008)

The abstraction provided by virtual memory is central to the operation of modern operating systems. Making the most efficient use of the available translation hardware is critical to achieving high performance. The multiple page-size support provided by almost all architectures promises considerable benefits but poses a number of implementation challenges. This thesis presents a minimally-invasive approach to transparent multiple page-size support for Itanium Linux. In particular, it examines the interaction between supporting large pages and Itanium's two inbuilt hardware page-table walkers; one being a virtual linear page-table with limited support for storing different page-size translations and the other a more flexible but higher overhead hash table based translation cache. Compared to a single-page-size kernel, a range of benchmarks show performance improvements when multiple page-sizes are available, generally large working sets that stress the TLB. However, other benchmarks are negatively impacted. Analysis shows that the increased TLB coverage, resulting from the use of large pages, frequently does not reduce TLB miss rates sufficiently to make up for the increased cost of TLB reloads. These results, which are specific to the Itanium architecture, suggest that large-page support for Itanium Linux is best enabled selectively with insight into application behaviour.