gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF NEUROTENSIN, BRADYKININ AND VASO-PRESSIN IN COMBINATION WITH EGF ON ERK SIGNALING, AND GROWTH OF HUMAN PANCREATIC CANCER. (2004)

Background: Neuropeptides (NPs) and their corresponding G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are implicated in autocrine/paracrine stimulation of growth of multiple human cancer cells. Functional neurotensin (NT) receptors are significantly upregulated in pancreatic cancer (PaCa). Bradykinin (BK) and vasopressin (VP) receptors are also expressed by many PaCa cells. Moreover, PaCa cells over-express EGF receptor (EGFR) and EGFR ligands implicating an autocrine/paracrine loop in the maintaining of the cancerous phenotype. Previously, we have shown that NPs and EGF act through distinct signaling pathways in PaCa cells. However, the interactions of NPs and EGF in pancreatic cancers are less well defined. Aim: We examined signaling pathways mediated by NT, BK, VP and EGF that led to stimulation of ERK activation, DNA synthesis and colony growth in human ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines, the K-ras mutation positive PANC-1, and MIA PaCa-2 and the wild type BxPc-3. Methods and Results: We determined the functional expression of NT, BK and VP receptors on different PaCa cell lines by measuring the transient increase of [Ca2+]i. In unstimulated PANC-1 and MIA Paca-2 cancer cells, activating K-ras mutations do not promote constitutive activation of ERK. Instead, NT, BK, EGF and, less potently, VP activated ERK. The combination of NT (but not BK or VP) and EGF significantly prolonged ERK stimulation even after 5 hours. Furthermore, NT and EGF synergistically stimulated DNA synthesis (measured by [3H]-thymidine incorporation) and colony growth in PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cells. In contrast, neither VP, nor BK provoked a synergistic stimulation of DNA synthesis in combination with EGF in PaCa cells. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the combination of NT and EGF led to potentiation and prolongation of ERK, which plays a critical role in their synergistic effect on DNA synthesis and growth in PaCa. Unlike NT, BK and VP did not potentiate the growth promoting effect of EGF, and did not prolong ERK signaling. Thus, further knowledge of signaling pathways emanating from GPCRs in human PaCa may lead to new treatment startegies for this deadly disease.
The Black Box Module for Low-Level Fluorescence Detection Targeting Optogenetic Studies (2013)

In optogenetics, genetic labeling by enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) indicates transfected neurons expressing light-gated channel proteins, Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) and Halorhodopsin (NpHR) for millisecond timescale optical manipulation of neurons. However, poor spatial understanding of transfection relative to probing is responsible for blind stimulation in complex mammalian systems and necessitates histological analysis of brain tissue. Repeatable optogenetic studies on well-trained and valuable subjects are therefore impossible. We report here the Black Box Module as a novel fluorescence detection system targeting EYFP emission and used in conjunction with a co-axial waveguide “optrode.” Results of the Black Box Module’s fluorescence detection performance in a bench-top environment simulating EYFP fluorescence with rhodamine 6g are presented. We show the Box’s filtration system to be sensitive to the EYFP-like fluorescence of rhodamine and its concentration dependent emissions behaviors. We anticipate these results to be the initial foundation in integrating the Box into optogenetic studies as a tool for locating areas of ChR2 and NpHR transfection.
Elastic dipole antenna prepared with thin metal films on elastomeric substrate (2012)

The manufacture and characterisation of an elastic dipole antenna that is reversibly deformable and stretchable is described. The metallisation technique of depositing sub-micron-thick gold (Au) film on pillar patterned elastomer polydimethylsiloxane has been developed for elastic antenna applications. Under strain, the gold films may be stretched to 20% elongation, hundreds of thousands of times with reasonable electrical conduction. The dipole antenna based on this technique can withstand 10% strain and return to its original state after removal of the applied stretch.
Evidence for an Association between the SRD5A2 (Type II Steroid 5<i>α</i>‐Reductase) Locus and Prostate Cancer in Italian Patients (2000)

We have investigated the contributions of three polymorphic markers in the SRD5A2 gene to prostate cancer in a group of Italian patients. We have genotyped cases and controls for a polymorphic (TA)n dinucleotide repeat and two functional substitutions, A49T and V89L, substituting respectively alanine with threonine at codon 49, and valine to leucine at codon 89. We found a substantially increased but not significant risk associated with the 49T mutation and a reduction of risk for the V89L substitution. In conclusion, we report on preliminary evidence for both increased and decreased risk associated with separate markers at this locus.
A comparative study on life cycle analysis of 20 different PV modules installed at the Hokuto mega‐solar plant (2011)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to identify a suitable type of mega‐solar system from an environmental viewpoint. The authors evaluated six types of 20 different PV modules by life cycle analysis (LCA) with actual equipment data and output. The types were single crystal silicon (sc‐Si), amorphous silicon (a‐Si)/sc‐Si, multicrystalline silicon (mc‐Si), a‐Si, microcrystalline silicon (µc‐Si)/a‐Si and CIS. The boundaries of LCA were from the mining stage to that of waste management. Mining, manufacturing and waste management information was taken from an LCA database, while data on transport, construction and amounts of equipment were obtained from actual systems. Since the irradiation figures and electricity output were also actual data, we could avoid the difficulties of making assumptions for values such as the actual output power of thin films. In addition, installation at a single plant provided suitable conditions for comparing PV systems. The results showed an energy requirement ranging from 19 to 48 GJ/kW and an energy payback time of between 1.4 and 3.8 years. CO 2 emissions were from 1.3 to 2.7 t‐CO 2 /kW, and CO 2 emission rates ranged from 31 to 67 g‐CO 2 /kWh. The multicrystalline (mc‐Si) and CIS types showed good results because mc‐Si and CIS PV modules have high efficiency and a lower energy requirement. In particular, the CIS module generated more electricity than expected with catalogue efficiency. The single crystal silicon PV module did not produce good results because, considering their energy requirement, installed sc‐Si PV modules do not have high efficiency. However, the operation data used covered only 1 year; data from a longer period should be collected to obtain long‐term irradiation figures and clarify degradation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Untersuchungen in vitro zur Frage der Harnstoffumsetzungen im Pansensaft<sup>1</sup> (1970)

Zusammenfassung Es wurden Untersuchungen darüber angestellt, inwieweit Inhibitoren und Aktivatoren der Urease die im Pflanzenreich bekannte Wirkung auch im Pansen ausüben. Dazu wurde Panseninhalt von fistulierten Ochsen entnommen und nach Entfernung der groben Anteile je 2 Stunden bei 50° C in 13‐ml‐Proben bei pH‐Einstellung auf 6,5 inkubiert. Physiologische Inhibitoren sind die mit dem Futter in die Vormägen gelangenden Polyphenole und Chinone. Im Futter enthaltene mikrobielle Phenolasen oxydieren die Phenolderivate schnell zu Chinonen, die als eigentliche Inhibitoren die S‐SH‐Brücken der Urease blockieren. Dabei hemmen p‐Derivate stärker als o‐Phenole in übereinstimmung mit pflanzlicher und tierischer Urease. Die Hemmung kann weitgehend durch Thioverbindungen und starke Reduktionsmittel, wie Pyrogallol, Natriumwolframat und Phosphorwolframsäure, aufgehoben werden. Mit den beiden letzteren Verbindungen konnte in nativem Pansensaft gezeigt werden, daß die Ureaseaktivität auf das Zwei‐ bis Dreifache gesteigert werden kann. Hieraus ist auf das Vorhandensein von natürlichen Inhibitoren im Pansen zu schließen. Schwermetallionen hemmten die Pansenurease wesentlich geringer als gereinigtes Soja‐Enzym, so daß ein wirkungsvoller Einsatz in der Fütterung wegen der Toxizitätsgefahr nicht möglich ist. Verschiedene bei gereinigtem Soja‐Enzym protektiv wirkende Substanzen, wie Phosphatpuffer, MgSO 4 und Gummi arabicum, inaktivierten die Pansenurease. Diese Erscheinungen werden auf die große Anzahl von Begleitstoffen im Panseninhalt zurückgeführt, die einen regulativen Mechanismus darstellen und so ein für das Wirtstier optimales Milieu schaffen. Es wird auf die Bedeutung der physiologischen Hemmstoffe, vor allem in Rüben (auch Schnitzeln) und Luzerne, hingewiesen, die erfolgreich bei hohen Harnstoffgaben eingesetzt werden können.
Vasopressin in the ICU (2004)

There is growing evidence that vasopressin infusion in septic shock is safe and effective. Several studies published this year support the hypothesis that vasopressin should be used as a continuous low-dose infusion (between 0.01 and 0.04 U/min in adults) and not titrated as a single vasopressor agent. However, multiple studies highlight the clinical equipoise that exists regarding the use of vasopressin in vasodilatory shock. Guidelines on management of septic shock recommend "cautious use of vasopressin pending further studies."
Na <sup>+</sup> pump low and high ouabain affinity α subunit isoforms are differently distributed in cells (1997)

Three isoforms (alpha1, alpha2, and alpha3) of the catalytic (alpha) subunit of the plasma membrane (PM) Na+ pump have been identified in the tissues of birds and mammals. These isoforms differ in their affinities for ions and for the Na+ pump inhibitor, ouabain. In the rat, alpha1 has an unusually low affinity for ouabain. The PM of most rat cells contains both low (alpha1) and high (alpha2 or alpha3) ouabain affinity isoforms, but precise localization of specific isoforms, and their functional significance, are unknown. We employed high resolution immunocytochemical techniques to localize alpha subunit isoforms in primary cultured rat astrocytes, neurons, and arterial myocytes. Isoform alpha1 was ubiquitously distributed over the surfaces of these cells. In contrast, high ouabain affinity isoforms (alpha2 in astrocytes, alpha3 in neurons and myocytes) were confined to a reticular distribution within the PM that paralleled underlying endoplasmic or sarcoplasmic reticulum. This distribution is identical to that of the PM Na/Ca exchanger. This raises the possibility that alpha1 may regulate bulk cytosolic Na+, whereas alpha2 and alpha3 may regulate Na+ and, indirectly, Ca2+ in a restricted cytosolic space between the PM and reticulum. The high ouabain affinity Na+ pumps may thereby modulate reticulum Ca2+ content and Ca2+ signaling.
Site-Specific Functionalization on Individual Colloids:  Size Control, Stability, and Multilayers (2007)

Individual colloidal particles are locally functionalized with nanoscale control. Here we use the particle lithography technique to mask one region of a silica or polystyrene particle (size 3.0 mum down to 170 nm), while the remaining 95% or more of the particle is coated with various sized nanocolloids. The images and data show precise and predictable control over the size of the region, with fine-tuned patch size control obtainable by changing the ionic strength of the solution. The coating on the particles remains stable even when subjected to sonication for 5 min. Both single regions and multilayer annuluses are readily formed. Particle lithography provides a general, reliable, stable, controllable, and scalable method for placing site-specific functionalizations on individual particles, opening the way to more complex particle patterning and the bottom-up assembly of more complex structures.
Examination of Selective Pulsed Laser Micropolishing on Microfabricated Nickel Samples Using Spatial Frequency Analysis (2009)

The precision of parts created by microfabrication processes is limited by surface roughness. Therefore, as a means of improving surface roughness, pulsed laser micropolishing on nickel was examined numerically and experimentally. A one-dimensional finite element method model was used to estimate the melt depth and duration for single 50–300 ns laser pulses. The critical frequency was introduced to predict the effectiveness of polishing in the spatial frequency domain. A 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser with 300 ns pulses was used to experimentally investigate pulsed laser polishing on microfabricated nickel samples with microscale line features. A microfabricated sample with 2.5 μm wide and 0.2 μm high lines spaced 5 μm apart and one with 5 μm wide and 0.38 μm high lines spaced 10 μm apart were polished with 300 ns long pulses of 47.2 J/cm2 and 44.1 J/cm2 fluences, respectively. The critical frequency for these experimental conditions was predicted and compared with the reduction in the average surface roughness measured for samples with two different spatial frequency contents. The average surface roughness of 5 μm and 10 μm wavelength line features were reduced from 0.112 μm to 0.015 μm and from 0.112 μm to 0.059 μm, respectively. Four regimes of pulsed laser micropolishing are identified as a function of laser fluence for a given pulse width: (1) at low fluences no polishing occurs due to insufficient melting, (2) moderate fluences allow sufficient melt time for surface wave damping and significant smoothing occurs, (3) increasing fluence reduces smoothing, and (4) high fluences cause roughening due to large recoil pressure and ablation. Significant improvements in average surface roughness can be achieved by pulsed laser micropolishing if the dominant frequency content of the original surface features is above the critical spatial frequency for polishing.
Room Temperature Magnetic Field Learning with Optically Readout Single NV-Centers (2019)

We propose and test a Magnetic Field Learning (MFL) protocol for high-resolution, high dynamic range and high-sensitivity magnetometry with a single NV-center electron spin. Our approach leverages recent proposals that analyze the benefits of adopting classical machine learning to post-process quantum data in quantum sensing protocols [1]. MFL was tested at room-temperature using a setup detecting state-dependent fluorescence via confocal microscopy, and a microwave controlled NV defect in bulk diamond as a sensor [2]. This setup senses the intensity of a magnetic field B in the proximity of the quantum sensor via Ramsey interferometry [3]. In our protocol, the Ramsey precession time τ is adaptively chosen at each step via an efficient particle guess heuristic [1].
Higher prevalence of anti‐HCV antibodies among HIV‐positive compared to HIV‐negative inhabitants of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (2002)

Serum samples (n = 4,593) collected in 1994 as part of a representative household community survey of the population of Addis Ababa who were 0-49 years old were tested for hepatitis C (HCV) antibodies. A third generation ELISA was used for primary screening and a line immunoblot assay for confirmation. HCV antibody prevalence was 0.9% (95% CI, 0.6-1.2%) and higher among HIV-positive compared to HIV-negative individuals (4.5% vs. 0.8%, respectively, P < 0.001). Similar higher prevalence of HCV antibodies was seen among HIV-positive compared to HIV-negative antenatal care attenders (2.9% vs. 0.8%, respectively, P = 0.003, n = 1,725), and sex workers (5.3% vs. 1.3%, respectively, P = 0.02, n = 383). Such association between HCV and HIV infection has not been described previously in Africa. After stratification by HIV status, HCV prevalence among women of the general population was identical to that of sex workers, suggesting that HCV sexual transmission is not common in this population and that HIV infection does not enhance susceptibility to HCV sexual transmission.
Nuclear quadrupole interaction of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Am</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>243</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math>in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">LaCl</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>measured via optical spectral-hole burning (1996)

An optical spectral-hole burning technique has been used to study the nuclear quadrupole splitting in the ground state of $^{243}\mathrm{Am}^{3+}$ in ${\mathrm{LaCl}}_{3}$. The observed splitting is consistent with ${\mathrm{Am}}^{3+}$ ions on an axially symmetric site. The nuclear quadrupole coupling constant P=-75\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1 MHz for the $^{7}$${\mathit{F}}_{0}$ ground state is obtained based on an effective operator Hamiltonian. The crystal-field antishielding effect dominates whereas contributions from the 5f electrons and from the pseudoquadrupole interaction are negligible (${\mathit{P}}_{5\mathit{f}}$/${\mathit{P}}_{\mathrm{latt}}$=0.03). The Sternheimer antishielding factor, ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\infty}}}$=-154, is determined and comparison is made between the actinide ion ${\mathrm{Am}}^{3+}$ and its rare-earth analogy ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}$. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Bio-inspired seismic metamaterials: Time domain simulations in\n transformed crystals (2016)

We introduce the concept of transformation crystallography which consists of\nthe application of geometric transforms to periodic structures. We consider\nmotifs with three-fold, four-fold and six-fold symmetries according to the\ncrystallographic restriction theorem. Furthermore, we define motifs with\nfive-fold symmetry such as quasi-crystals generated by a cut-and-projection\nmethod. We analyze elastic wave propagation in the transformed crystals and\n(Penrose-type) quasi-crystals with the finite difference time domain freeware\nSimSonic. We consider geometric transforms underpinning the design of seismic\ncloaks with square, circular, elliptical and peanut shapes in the context of\ntriangular, square and honeycomb crystals. Interestingly, the use of morphing\ntechniques leads to the design of cloaks with interpolated geometries\nreminiscent of Victor Vasarely's artwork. Employing the case of transformed\ngraphene-like (honeycomb) structures allows one to draw useful analogies\nbetween large-scale seismic metamaterials such as soils structured with columns\nof concrete or grout with soil and nanoscale biochemical metamaterials. We\nfurther point out similarities between cloaks for elastodynamic and\nhydrodynamic waves and cloaks for diffusion (heat or mass) diffusion processes,\nnotably with respect to invisibility and protection. Experimental data\nextracted from field test analysis of soil structured with boreholes\ndemonstrates the application of bio-inspired seismic metamaterials. We conclude\nthat these novel materials hold strong applications in biophysics and\ngeophysics.\n
Transition Metal Catalysis in Fluorous Media:  Practical Application of a New Immobilization Principle to Rhodium-Catalyzed Hydroborations of Alkenes and Alkynes (1999)

Addition of a yellow-orange toluene solution of [Rh(Cl)(COD)]2 to a colorless CF3C6F11 solution of P(CH2CH2Rf6)3 (Rf6 = (CF2)5CF3)3) gives a colorless toluene solution of COD and an orange CF3C6F11 solution of ClRh[P(CH2CH2Rf6)3]3 (1). Evaporation of CF3C6F11 gives analytically pure 1 (94%), which is insoluble in most organic solvents and stable to 300 °C. Alkenes, catecholborane, and CF3C6F11 solutions of 1 (950:950:1 mol ratio for norbornene) are stirred for 1−24 h at 40 °C (heterogeneous conditions). The resulting alkylboranes are extracted with benzene (2×; turnover number (TON) 854 (90%) for norbornene), toluene, or THF, and the catalyst solution is reused (TON 2409 for three cycles). Subsequent reactions with H2O2/NaOH give alcohols, which are isolated in 92−77% yields (11 examples). Longer reaction times afford TON values higher than 10 000 (<0.1 mol % 1). Analogous reactions of alkynes yield alkenylboranes (89−88%). Pinacolborane additions are also catalyzed. A higher homologue of 1, ClRh[P(CH2CH2Rf8)3]3 (2), and the nonfluorinated analogue ClRh[P((CH2)7CH3)3]3 are similarly prepared. Solubilities and reactivities are compared. Atomic absorption analyses shows rhodium losses of 0.4% (1) and 0.2% (2) per cycle, corresponding to 4.5−2.2 ppm rhodium/mol of addition product. These data demonstrate the viability and practicality of an exciting new approach to catalyst immobilization.
Performance with Economy - The RamAire System (1967)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A novel method for the intermittent supercharging of an internal combustion engine in a vehicle is described. During full throttle operation, high pressure motivating air entrains ambient air and compresses it to an intermediate pressure in the diffuser of an air ejector. Flowing through the carburetor and into the engine, the supplemental air augments engine power, reducing vehicle acceleration time by as much as one-third. By allowing engine size to be reduced, better economy without loss of performance is possible. Typical vehicle installations are described and problem areas discussed.</div>
Reported Respiratory Symptom Intensity in Asthmatics During Exposure to Aerosolized Florida Red Tide Toxins (2007)

Florida red tides are naturally occurring blooms of the marine dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis. K. brevis produces natural toxins called brevetoxins. Brevetoxins become part of the marine aerosol as the fragile, unarmored cells are broken up by wave action. Inhalation of the aerosolized toxin results in upper and lower airway irritation. Symptoms of brevetoxin inhalation include: eye, nose, and throat irritation, coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Asthmatics appear to be more sensitive to the effects of inhaled brevetoxin. This study examined data from 97 asthmatics exposed at the beach for 1 hour during K. brevis blooms, and on separate occasions when no bloom was present. In conjunction with extensive environmental monitoring, participants were evaluated utilizing questionnaires and pulmonary function testing before and after a 1-hour beach walk. A modified Likert scale was incorporated into the questionnaire to create respiratory symptom intensity scores for each individual pre- and post-beach walk. Exposure to Florida red tide significantly increased the reported intensity of respiratory symptoms; no significant changes were seen during an unexposed period. This is the first study to examine the intensity of reported respiratory symptoms in asthmatics after a 1-hour exposure to Florida red tide.
Recognition-Driven 2D Competing Priors Towards Automatic And Accurate Building Detection (2008)

In this paper, a novel recognition-driven variational framework is introduced, towards multiple building extraction from aerial and satellite images. To this end, competing shape pri- ors are considered and building extraction is addressed through an image segmentation approach that involves the use of a data- driven term constrained from the prior models. The proposed framework extend previous approaches towards the integration of multiple shape priors into the level set segmentation. In particular, it estimates the number of buildings as well as their pose from the observed data. Therefore, it can address multiple building extraction from a single optical image, a highly demanding task of fundamental importance in various geoscience and remote sensing applications. Furthermore, it can be easily extended to deal with other remote sensing data through a simple modification of the image term. Very promising experimental results and the performed qualitative and quantitative evaluation demonstrate the potential of our approach. Index Terms—variational methods, recognition, segmentation, level sets, extraction, registration, object detection