gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Degradation, metabolism and toxicity of synthetic pyrethroids. (1976)

Synthetic pyrethroidal compounds undergo biodegradation in mammals both oxidatively and hydrolytically, and depending on the type of compound, either of the pathways may predominate. Thus, (+) - or (+/-) -trans isomers of the chrysanthemumate ester of primary alcohols such as fenothrin, furamethrin, proparthrin, resmethrin, and tetramethrin (and possibly permethrin, too) are metabolized mainly through hydrolysis of the ester linkage, with subsequent oxidation and/or conjugation of the component alcohol and acid moieties. On the other hand, the corresponding (+)-cis enantiometers and chrysanthemumate of secondary alcohols like allethrin are resistant to hydrolytic attack, and biodegraded via oxidation at various sites of the molecule. These rapid metabolic degradations, together with the presumable incomplete absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, would generally contribute to the low acute toxicity of synthetic pyrethroids. These compounds are neither skin irritants nor skin sensitizers, and inhalation toxicity as well as dermal toxicity are fairly low. Neither is teratogenic in rats, mice, and/or rabbits or mutagenic on various bacterial strains. Subacute and chronic feeding of higher amounts of the compounds to rats invariably causes some histopathological changes in liver; however, these are neither indicative nor suggestive of tumorigenicity. Based on existing toxicological information, the present recommended use patterns might afford sufficient safety margin on human population. However, in extending usage to agricultural pest control, much more extensive investigations should be forthcoming from both chemical and biological aspects, since there is scant information on the fate of these pyrethroids in the environment. Also several of the compounds may be very toxic to certain kinds of fish and arthropods.
Microfabricated Biosensors and Microanalytical Systems for Blood Analysis (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleMicrofabricated Biosensors and Microanalytical Systems for Blood AnalysisImants R. LauksView Author Information i-STAT Corporation, 436 Hazeldean Road, Kanata, Ontario K2L 1T9, Canada Cite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1998, 31, 5, 317–324Publication Date (Web):April 17, 1998Publication History Received15 May 1997Published online17 April 1998Published inissue 1 May 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar9700670https://doi.org/10.1021/ar9700670research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1551Altmetric-Citations107LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anatomy,Biotechnology,Electrodes,Sensors,Testing and assessment Get e-Alerts
FROM CREATION TO EVOLUTION (2009)

Among those masses of cathedral sculpture which preserve so much of mediæval theology, one frequently recurring group is noteworthy for its presentment of a time-honoured doctrine regarding the origin of the universe.
Scale-Aware Attention-Based PillarsNet (SAPN) Based 3D Object Detection for Point Cloud (2020)

Three-dimensional object detection can provide precise positions of objects, which can be beneficial to many robotics applications, such as self-driving cars, housekeeping robots, and autonomous navigation. In this work, we focus on accurate object detection in 3D point clouds and propose a new detection pipeline called scale-aware attention-based PillarsNet (SAPN). SAPN is a one-stage 3D object detection approach similar to PointPillar. However, SAPN achieves better performance than PointPillar by introducing the following strategies. First, we extract multiresolution pillar-level features from the point clouds to make the detection approach more scale-aware. Second, a spatial-attention mechanism is used to highlight the object activations in the feature maps, which can improve detection performance. Finally, SE-attention is employed to reweight the features fed into the detection head, which performs 3D object detection in a multitask learning manner. Experiments on the KITTI benchmark show that SAPN achieved similar or better performance compared with several state-of-the-art LiDAR-based 3D detection methods. The ablation study reveals the effectiveness of each proposed strategy. Furthermore, strategies used in this work can be embedded easily into other LiDAR-based 3D detection approaches, which improve their detection performance with slight modifications.
PCSIM: A Parallel Simulation Environment for Neural Circuits Fully Integrated with Python (2009)

The Parallel Circuit SIMulator (PCSIM) is a software package for simulation of neural circuits. It is primarily designed for distributed simulation of large scale networks of spiking point neurons. Although its computational core is written in C++, PCSIM's primary interface is implemented in the Python programming language, which is a powerful programming environment and allows the user to easily integrate the neural circuit simulator with data analysis and visualization tools to manage the full neural modeling life cycle. The main focus of this paper is to describe PCSIM's full integration into Python and the benefits thereof. In particular we will investigate how the automatically generated bidirectional interface and PCSIM's object-oriented modular framework enable the user to adopt a hybrid modeling approach: using and extending PCSIM's functionality either employing pure Python or C++ and thus combining the advantages of both worlds. Furthermore, we describe several supplementary PCSIM packages written in pure Python and tailored towards setting up and analyzing neural simulations.
Differencing and Merging of Architectural Views (2006)

Existing approaches to differencing and merging architectural views are based on restrictive assumptions such as requiring view elements to have unique identifiers or exactly matching types. We propose an approach based on structural information by generalizing a published polynomial-time tree-to-tree correction algorithm (that detects inserts, renames and deletes) into a novel algorithm to additionally detect restricted moves and support forcing and preventing matches between view elements. We incorporate the algorithm into tools to compare and merge component-and-connector (C&C) architectural views. Finally, we provide an empirical evaluation of the algorithm on case studies to find and reconcile interesting divergences between architectural views
Gα Protein Selectivity Determinant Specified by a Viral Chemokine Receptor-Conserved Region in the C Tail of the Human Herpesvirus 8 G Protein-Coupled Receptor (2004)

The viral G-protein coupled receptor (vGPCR) specified by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) open reading frame 74 (ORF74) is a ligand-independent chemokine receptor that has structural and functional homologues among other characterized gammaherpesviruses and related receptors in the betaherpesviruses. Sequence comparisons of the gammaherpesvirus vGPCRs revealed a highly conserved region in the C tail, just distal to the seventh transmembrane domain. Mutagenesis of the corresponding codons of HHV-8 ORF74 was carried out to provide C-tail-altered proteins for functional analyses. By measuring receptor-activated vascular endothelial growth factor promoter induction and NF-kappaB, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Ca(2+) signaling, we found that while some altered receptors showed general signaling deficiencies, others had distinguishable activation profiles, suggestive of selective Galpha protein coupling. This was supported by the finding that vGPCR and representative functionally altered variants, vGPCR.8 (R322W) and vGPCR.15 (M325S), were affected differently by inhibitors of Galpha(i) (pertussis toxin), protein kinase C (GF109203X), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (wortmannin). Consistent with the signaling data, [(35)S]GTPgammaS incorporation assays revealed preferential coupling of vGPCR.15 to Galpha(q) and an inability of vGPCR.8 to couple functionally to Galpha(q). However, both variants, wild-type vGPCR, and a C-tail deletion version of the receptor were equally able to associate physically with Galpha(q). Combined, our data demonstrate that HHV-8 vGPCR contains discrete sites of Galpha interaction and that receptor residues in the proximal region of the cytoplasmic tail are determinants of Galpha protein coupling specificity.
Secondary Products from Plant Tissue Culture (1990)

J.D. Pillipson: Plants as sources of valuable products M. Wink: Physiology of secondary product formation in plants H. Becker & M. Sauerwein: Manipulating the biosynthetic capacity of plant cell cultures T.P. Renaudin & J. Guern: Transport and vacuolar storage of secondary metabolites in plant cell cultures W. Barz, A. Beimen, B. Dragner, U. Jacques, Ch. Otto, E. Super, & B. Upmeier: Turnover and secondary products in cell cultures R.A. Dixon & C.J. Lamb: Regulation of secondary metabolism at the biochemical and genetic levels J. Berlin: Screening and selection for variant cell lines with increased levels of secondary metabolites M.M. Yeoman, M.A. Holden, P. Corchet, P.R. Holden, J. Goy, & M.C. Hobbs: Exploitation of disorganized plant cultures for the production of secondary metabolites B.V. Charlwood, K.A. Charlwood, & J. Molina-Torres : Accumulation of secondary compounds by organized plant cultures M.J.C. Rhodes, R.J. Robins, J.D. Hamill, A.J. Parr, M.G. Hilton, & N.J. Walton: Properties of transformed root cultures: Y. Yamada, T. Hashimoto, T. Endo, Y. Yukimune, J. Kohno, N. Hamaguchi, & B. Drager: Biochemistry of alkaloid production in vitro A.H. Scragg: Fermentation systems for plant cells A.J. Lambie: Commercial aspects of the production of secondary compounds by immobilized plant cells.
Actual Causes of Death in the United States (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —If cigarette smoking is as lethal as authorities continue to say it is,<sup>1</sup>why have the experimental outcomes of randomized intervention trials<sup>2-5</sup>failed to date to indicate (by generating greater mortality rate reductions among baseline-defined smokers than among baseline-defined nonsmokers) that successful smoking cessation guidance prolongs survival? How can the outstanding longevity of Japanese men be reconciled with a smoking prevalence among them that is higher than for most other countries? Why is the approximate 4.6:1 ratio of male-to-female cigarette smoking prevalence for Japan, vs only about 1.3:1 for the United States, not reflected in a wider gap between men's and women's life expectancy for the Japanese than for the Americans? <h3>Financial Disclosure.</h3> —Mr Lincoln has about 20% of his pension under the control of Philip Morris, and about 15% of his net worth is in tobacco company securities.
Frictional coefficients of multisubunit structures. I. Theory (1967)

Abstract The theory of Kirkwood for the translational frictional coefficients of structures composed of subunits has been generalized in two ways in order to consider aggregates of nonidentical subunits. One of these generalizations fails when the sizes of subunits are too disparate; the other, derived from a surface shell distribution of frictional elements, is effective over the whole range of relative sizes. It is shown that, in the limit of a continuous surface distribution, a shell model reproduces Stoke's law for a sphere. Comparison is made between the frictional coefficients of spheres, ellipsoids, and rods modeled by finite numbers of subunits and by continuous shells of frictional elements, and those calculated from other theories. Agreement is generally good, though the shell model for prolate ellipsoids of revolution deviates by a few per cent from the Perrin value.
CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE) (2017)

Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR) is a data format designed
for small code size and small message size. There is a need for the
ability to have basic security services defined for this data format.
This document defines the CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE)
protocol. This specification describes how to create and process
signatures, message authentication codes, and encryption using CBOR
for serialization. This specification additionally describes how to
represent cryptographic keys using CBOR.
Summary of ISO/TC 201 Standard: VII ISO 15472 : 2001—surface chemical analysis—x‐ray photoelectron spectrometers—calibration of energy scales (2001)

Abstract This international standard specifies a method for calibrating the binding energy scales of x‐ray photoelectron spectrometers, for general analytical purposes, using unmonochromated Al or Mg x‐rays or monochromated Al x‐rays. It is only applicable to instruments that have an ion gun for sputter cleaning. This international standard further specifies a method to establish a calibration schedule, to test for the binding energy scale linearity at one intermediate energy, to confirm the uncertainty of the scale calibration at one low and one high binding energy value, to correct for small drifts of that scale and to define the expanded uncertainty of the calibration of the binding energy scale for a confidence level of 95%. This uncertainty includes contributions for behaviour observed in inter‐laboratory studies but does not cover all of the defects that could occur. This international standard is not applicable to instruments with binding energy scale errors that are significantly non‐linear with energy, to instruments operated in the constant retardation ratio mode at retardation ratios of <10, to instruments with a spectrometer resolution worse than 1.5 eV or to instruments requiring tolerance limits of ±0.03 eV or less. This international standard does not provide a full calibration check, which would confirm the energy measured at each addressable point on the energy scale and would have to be performed in accordance with the manufacturer's recommended procedures. © Crown Copyright 2001. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ANALYSIS OF STOCHASTIC NETWORKS (1966)

The purpose of this research was to: (1) develop a general purpose GERT Simulation Program, (2) investigate resultant distributions of GERT networks containing all AND nodes to determine validity of the PERT normality assumptions, and (3) investigate analysis of AND nodes through analytical and simulation methods for distribution of the equivalent time parameter. The Simulation Model is a fast, flexible, user-oriented computer program requiring only one input card for each activity in the network. Five probability density functions are available for use in describing the distribution of activity durations. Program output includes a criticality index on each activity and node analysis on specified nodes, including mean, variance, probability of realization and histograms of node realization times. Various GERT networks were simulated to provide examples of the use of the Simulation Model and verify results through statistical tests. Analysis of resultant distributions of PERT networks verified the PERT normality assumptions utilizing approximation formulas for mean and variance of activity durations. The merge bias correction procedure utilized to produce better approximations of network realization times was found not applicable to general solution of GERT networks containing AND nodes.
Atrial appendage occlusion for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (2016)

In the developed countries, stroke is an important cause of mortality and disability. Cardioembolism is the most frequent cause of ischaemic stroke, in the presence of atrial fibrillation (AF).1 AF is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in the general population and its prevalence increases with age; the lifetime risk of AF development is 25% in people over 40 years old.2 Anticoagulation has been established as an effective treatment strategy for stroke prevention in patients with AF and risk factors for stroke.3 The new oral anticoagulants (NOACs) seem to be similarly efficacious compared with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) but with a decreased risk for intracranial bleeding.4 Despite the more safe profile of the NOACs, there remain patients with AF at risk for stroke, but with a contraindication for any form of anticoagulation or at high risk of bleeding (eg, non-treatable digestive bleeding). Furthermore, the patients with high risk of cardioembolic stroke based on CHA2DS2-VASc score also have a high risk for bleeding as determined with the HASBLED score, given the presence of the same risk factors in both scores as hypertension, previous stroke or age >65 years. The risk of stroke secondary to non-valvular AF is mainly secondary to thrombus development in the left atrial appendage (LAA).5 The exclusion of LAA has been …
The Choice of Drinking Water by the Honeybee (1940)

ABSTRACT A brief review of the literature on this subject is given. By means of “training table” experiments in which use was made of the Latin square system in order to allow of rapid statistical analysis of the results obtained, it was shown that: The honeybee prefers dilute sodium chloride and ammonium chloride solutions to distilled water. It does not prefer concentrations of these salts higher than N/20 solutions and solutions of various other salts to distilled water. The honeybee appears unable to distinguish between N/160 sodium chloride or N/160 ammonium chloride and distilled water. The honeybee is probably largely attracted to such sources of drinking water as rain water from gutters choked with decaying organic matter, sewage effluent, etc.: by a water perception sense coupled with an olfactory appreciation of various volatile substances contained in these sources of water. The volatile substances present in the distillates from the various naturally occuring solutions examined could be absorbed on to animal charcoal to a large extent, in which case the resulting supernatant fluid was found to have lost its great attraction for the honeybee and was no longer clearly distinguished from distilled water. The salts contained in these sources of drinking water do not appear to play an important part in attracting the bee thither. It was found possible to express the preference shown by the honeybee for various solutions by means of numerical factors based on distilled water having an arbitrary factor of 10. Forty different solutions have been arranged in order of preference by this means.
Urinary excretion of sialic acid‐containing saccharides in systemic lupus erythematosus (1981)

Urinary sialic acid-containing trisaccharides, total sialic acid, and serum sialic acid were studied in 17 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and in 15 healthy controls. The urinary excretion of sialyllactose, measured by a gas chromatographic method, was significantly greater in patients with SLE (37.4 +/- 21.4 mg/24 hours, SD) than in the control subjects (13.7 +/- 3.8 mg/24 hours, p less than 0.001). The mean excretion of sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine (16.6 +/- 8.5 mg/24 hours) and total sialic acid (82.5 +/- 29.4 mg/24 hours) was also greater in the SLE group than in the controls (8.7 +/- 2.8 and 58.0 +/- 16.0 mg/24 hours, respectively; p less than 0.01). Serum levels of sialic acid were correspondingly higher in the SLE patients (84.4 +/- 20.4 mg/100 ml) than in the controls (63.7 +/- 6.5 mg/100 ml, p less than 0.001). Urinary excretion of sialyl-lactose correlated positively with clinical disease activity (p less than 0.001) and with anti-DNA antibody levels (p less than 0.05). On the average, patients with moderate or severe disease excreted three times more sialyl-lactose than did those with mild or inactive disease. Our results suggest that the excretion of sialyl-oligosaccharides reflects disease activity in SLE.
Instability and Evolution of Nonlinearly Interacting Water Waves (2006)

We consider the modulational instability of nonlinearly interacting two-dimensional waves in deep water, which are described by a pair of two-dimensional coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations. We derive a nonlinear dispersion relation. The latter is numerically analyzed to obtain the regions and the associated growth rates of the modulational instability. Furthermore, we follow the long term evolution of the latter by means of computer simulations of the governing nonlinear equations and demonstrate the formation of localized coherent wave envelopes. Our results should be useful for understanding the formation and nonlinear propagation characteristics of large-amplitude freak waves in deep water.
Recovery of 3D articulated motion from 2D correspondences (2000)

The Cambridge Research Laboratory was founded in 1987 to advance the state of the art in both core computing and human-computer interaction, and to use the knowledge so gained to support the Company’s corporate objectives. We believe this is best accomplished through interconnected pursuits in technology creation, advanced systems engineering, and business development. We are actively investigating scalable computing; mobile computing; vision-based human and scene sensing; speech interaction; computer-animated synthetic persona; intelligent information appliances; and the capture, coding, storage, indexing, retrieval, decoding, and rendering of multimedia data. We recognize and embrace a technology creation model which is characterized by three major phases: Freedom: The life blood of the Laboratory comes from the observations and imaginations of our research staff. It is here that challenging research problems are uncovered (through discussions with customers, through interactions with others in the Corporation, through other professional interactions, through reading, and the like) or that new ideas are born. For any such problem or idea, this phase culminates in the nucleation of a project team around a well articulated central research question and the outlining of a research plan. Focus: Once a team is formed, we aggressively pursue the creation of new technology based on
Big Data! How Big It Is? (2017)

In this paper, we explain the concept, characteristics and need of big data and different offerings available in the market to explore unstructured large data. This paper covers big data adoption trends, entry and exit criteria for the vendor and product selection, best practices, customer success story, benefits of big data analytics, summary and conclusion. Our analysis illustrates that the big data analytics is a fast-growing, influential practice and a key enabler for the social business. The insights gained from the user generated online contents and collaboration with customers is critical for success in the age of social media.