gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical utility of cellular DNA measurements in prostate carcinoma. Consensus Conference on Diagnosis and Prognostic Parameters in Localized Prostate Cancer. Stockholm, Sweden, May 12-13, 1993. (1994)

At a WHO consensus conference on Early Diagnosis and Prognostic Parameters in Localized Prostate Cancer, a working group discussed the clinical utility of DNA measurements in stages T2 and T3 prostate carcinoma. Incidentally discovered prostate cancer of stage T1 was excluded. The members of the working group, representing various clinical and laboratory disciplines, discussed technical considerations of DNA measurements by flow and image analysis, pretreatment prediction of prognosis, and posttreatment clinical relevance. The group agreed to subdivide tumors into diploid, tetraploid and non-tetraploid aneuploid, expressing various degrees of aggressiveness and gave guidance for the definition of limits of these groups. The panel agreed that knowledge on DNA ploidy prior to treatment is of value in treatment decisions, particularly when surveillance is a treatment option. Aneuploid tumors can be expected to respond very poorly to either irradiation or endocrine therapy, and the presence of aneuploid tumor, either on pretreatment biopsies or in radical prostatectomy specimens, is an ominous sign. The identification of a group of patients with a uniformly poor prognosis should encourage medical oncologists and basic scientists to develop adequate treatment options for this particular group. The panel expressed a strong opinion that DNA ploidy should be uniformly studied in clinical trials, particularly in patients with localized prostate cancer.
Enhanced luminescence of SiO2:Eu3+ by energy transfer from ZnO nanoparticles (2005)

ZnO nanoparticles embedded into SiO(2) by an ex situ method were shown to result in stable green emission with a peak at 510 nm compared to the normal peak at 495 nm from micron-sized ZnO powders. Green emission from ZnO nanoparticles was completely suppressed when they were embedded in SiO2 doped with Eu3+. Instead, the f-f emissions from Eu3+ were enhanced 5-10 times by energy transfer from the embedded ZnO nanoparticles to Eu3+. The Eu3+ luminescence increased as the Eu3+ concentration increased from 1 vs 5 mole % (for 10 mole % ZnO). In addition, the intensity increased as the embedded ZnO nanoparticles concentration increased up to 10 mole % (for 5 mole % Eu3+). The effects of phonon mediated energy transfer, quenching by activator interactions between Eu3+ ions, and energy back-transfer from Eu3+ ions to ZnO nanoparticles were discussed.
The Relationship of Joint Symptoms with Exercise Performance in Older Adults (1996)

Moderate intensity stationary cycle exercise and vigorous intensity strength training do not appear to produce or exacerbate joint symptoms in older adults. Joint symptoms did not explain the large variation in gains in strength in older adults participating in a standardized strength training exercise program. Musculoskeletal injuries occurred relatively infrequently, and no major injuries occurred. In evaluating joint pain that occurs in older adults in well regulated exercise programs, clinicians should consider other etiologies before attributing pain to exercise per se.
Relative reactivity toward hydrogenation of the oleoyl group in the 2‐and 1,3‐positions of triglycerides (1964)

Abstract Olive oil was hydrogenated to an iodine value (I.V.) of ca. 50 under widely differeing operating conditions. Three types of catalyst were employed. Each catalyst was used at the lowest possible operating temp and at 170C. The hydrogenated samples were subjected to lipase hydrolysis to remove a portion of the acyl groups in the 1,3‐positions, and the fractions obtained, as well as the unhydrolyzed samples, were analyzed for fatty acid composition and content of trans mononenes. From these data it was concluded that the position of the oleoyl group in the triglyceride molecule is not a factor in the rate of hydrogenation or isomerization.
Interdistrict Apportionment of Flood Control Costs (1968)

The engineer is often faced with the problem of apportioning the cost of a project to benefiting users. These users may be individuals, corporations, political entities such as cities, counties, sanitary districts, drainage districts, water supply or irrigation districts, or both, and others.
MAI cancellation with commutation signaling (2002)

This paper deals with PIC-parallel interference cancellation with and without the ISI cancellation system-commutation signaling (CS), in a deep Rayleigh fading environment, time and frequency selective, assuming the spreading sequences and the features of the channels of the several interfering users is known. It is proved that PIC lead to good profits especially when the CS technique is used together, because these systems subtract the MAI estimated for each user. These estimates improve when the ISI is cancelled, since the MAI estimated depends upon the estimate of the transmitted symbols by each interfering user. Additionally, it considers the blind detection (without knowledge of spreading sequences nor the features of the channels of the interfering users) with a noise whitening matched filter (NWMF) that combats the MAI through the whitening of the interfering power spectrum (following the single-user philosophy).
Synthese und <sup>1</sup>H‐ und <sup>13</sup>C‐NMR‐spektroskopische Untersuchungen von monoterpenoiden Isochinolinen (1980)

Abstract Die Synthese von Methylalangisidtetraacetat ( 3b ) und Methylisoalangisidtetraacetat ( 6b ) und ihrer Dihydroderivate wird, ausgehend von Dopamin und Secologanin, beschrieben. Nach der Analyse der 1 H‐ und 13 C‐NMR‐Spektren kommt 3b die 8β‐H‐ und 6b die 8α‐H‐Konfiguration zu. In beiden Verbindungen nehmen die Substituenten des Dihydropyran‐Ringes axiale Positionen ein, womit das Auftreten eines „anomal hohen Acetatsignals”︁ bei 6b erklärt werden kann.
ADOPTING AN OPTIMAL MAINTENANCE STRATEGY BY USING MULTICRITERIAL DECISIONAL MODELS (2010)

The paper aims to underlie an optimal maintenance policy by solving a case study. The technical system that serves as case study consists of three electrical driven pumps having the operational logical majority regime of 2 out of 3 In order to underlie the optimal solution, the following methods are used: the entropy method, ELECTRE- Boldur method and the method of aggregation function.
A TCRMimic Monoclonal Antibody Generated from a Directly Discovered Epitope of p68 RNA Helicase Dramatically Debulks Large Established Tumors through Recognition of a Specific MHC/Peptide Complex. (2009)

Abstract Debulking large tumors using monoclonal antibodies (mAb) that specifically recognize unique T cell epitopes represents a novel approach to cancer therapy.Using a mAb designated as a TCRm we recently demonstrated the in vivo suppression of tumor growth. The TCRm had specificity for a peptide/MHC class I molecule expressed on the surface of the tumor cells. In this study we use an innovative direct epitope discovery strategy that led to the identification of peptide YLLPAIVHI in the context of HLA-A*0201 (YLL/A2) in human breast carcinoma cell lines. The peptide is derived from the DEAD Box RNA helicase protein p68, a protein overexpressed and highly phosphorylated in malignant cells. A TCRm antibody (RL6A) was generated and characterized for binding specificity, sensitivity and affinity for the YLL/A2 target. The TCRm specifically stained cells that co-expressed HLA-A2 and p68 but not cells lacking expression of p68 protein or HLA-A2 alone. It binds to cognate peptide/HLA-A2 with an affinity constant (KD) of 5.69 x 10-10 M and recognized specifically the YLL/A2 epitope in human breast cancer tissue but not in normal control breast tissue.Mice implanted in the mammary fat pad with human breast tumor cells grew tumors of considerable size, yet when treated with RL6A TCRm there was a marked reduction in tumor size. Examination of frozen tumor tissue sections revealed significantly greater numbers of apoptotic cells in mice treated with RL6A TCRm than with control antibody. Investigation in vitro showed that TCRm engagement of specific YLL/A2 epitope led to the induction of apoptosis providing the first experimental evidence that MHC signaling could directly mediate tumor cell death. Together, these data indicate that TCRm targeting of specific peptide/MHC complexes unique to tumor cells is effective not only in slowing the growth of tumors but also in dramatically reducing the size of established tumors and suggests a possible novel approach to the treatment of cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 5072.
Treating childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL): Summary of ten years' experience in Italy (1989)

Between 1976 and 1986, 2,093 children with ALL were enrolled in three consecutive generations of trials conducted by the Associazione Italiana Ematologia Oncologia Pediatrica (AIEOP). A 50% event-free survival at 5 years was achieved overall in this population, approximately accounting for more than 50% of the entire childhood ALL population in Italy. Participation in the group protocols increased from the original seven founding centers to the current 37 institutions. Results in the standard population (non-T immunophenotype, non-FAB L3, and less than 50,000 white blood cells (WBC/ml) were considerably better with more recent, more aggressive protocols. The two major results in this population (N = 540) were a relatively low incidence (8% at 5 years) of central nervous system (CNS) relapse in the "good"-risk population (less than 10,000 WBC, ages 3-6 years, and FAB L1), without the use of cranial irradiation, and a projected 4-year disease-free interval for bone-marrow relapse of 80% in the "average"-risk group, where a three-drug reinduction program was adopted after consolidation. Overall, the event-free survival of the most recent generation (protocol 82, median follow-up time of 38 months) is 66% at 4 years (95% confidence limits [CL] 61-71). Based on these 10 years of experience, the general strategy of the group for the 90s is outlined and discussed.
Immunotoxins containing saporin 6 and monoclonal antibodies recognizing plasma cell‐associated antigens: Effects on target cells and on normal myeloid precursors (CFU‐GM) (1989)

Monoclonal antibodies 8A and 62B1, recognizing plasma cell-associated antigens, were covalently linked to saporin 6, a ribosome-inactivating protein similar to the A-chain of ricin. Both immunotoxins were tested on target human cell lines U266 and Raji, on non-target K562 cell line and on myeloid CFU-GM progenitors. The cloning efficiency and viability of target cells were strongly reduced by 8A-saporin 6 and 62B1-saporin 6 immunotoxins, with an ID50 up to 200,000-fold lower than free saporin 6, whilst the K562 non-target cell line was unaffected. Normal human myeloid precursors (CFU-GM) were inhibited by immunotoxins only to a limited extent. An application of this model for autologous bone marrow transplantation in multiple myeloma patients is proposed. Since no eradication of cloning target cells was achieved by a single immunotoxin, mixtures made with different antibodies could help to reach this goal.
Distribution of Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Activity in Specific Areas of the Rat Brain Stem (1982)

Abstract: Angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) activity was measured by a radiochemical assay in 30 specific areas of the rat brain stem. ACE activity is unevenly distributed, with a 60‐fold difference between the lowest and the highest activity. The area postrema exhibits the highest activity. The substantia nigra (pars reticulata), the locus coeruleus, the areas A 1 and A 2 , the nuclei commissuralis, and tractus solitarii have a substantial ACE activity, whereas the lowest activity is found in the raphe nuclei and the nuclei of the reticular formation.
Channel for transporting a high-current beam (1978)

Equations are presented giving the optimum external focusing fields for a linear accelerator injection system.(AIP)
On the accuracy of x-ray spectra modeling of inertial confinement fusion plasmas (2000)

X-ray spectroscopic measurements of the helium-like and lithium-like argon emission from gas bag targets are presented. These data are supported by Thomson scattering diagnostics providing critical tests of plasma spectroscopic K-shell models. The x-ray spectra show lithium-like dielectronic satellites on the red wing of the He-β line that are temperature sensitive and are known to influence the shape of the Stark-broadened line profiles observed from implosions. We find that the satellite intensities compare well to kinetics modeling that uses the independently measured electron temperature for satellites whose upper states are populated by dielectronic capture, but discrepancies are observed for inner-shell collisionally excited transitions.
[An analog of gonadoliberin in the treatment of prostatic carcinoma]. (1984)

Twenty-five patients with prostatic carcinoma were involved in a Gehan's oriented phase II trial of D-Trp6-LH-RH in daily doses of 500 mcg for 7 days and 100 mcg for 3 months, this lapse of time being considered optimal for evaluation of the short-term response to treatment in this disease. Serum levels of LH and testosterone decreased rapidly. After 3 months of treatment, pain had disappeared in 14/21 patients; urinary symptoms had completely regressed in 10/22 patients and partially regressed in 9. A more than 50% reduction in prostatic enlargement was detected by ultrasonography in 7/19 patients, and the overall proportion of regression at scintigraphy was 43%. Prostatic acid phosphatases decreased by more than 50% in 10/15 patients. The results obtained with this LH-RH agonist were equivalent to those of orchidectomy and oestrogen therapy. The new drug was well tolerated. Although some of the patients treated are still responding after more than 15 months of treatment, further studies are required to evaluate the duration of response.
Evaluating 130 microhaplotypes across a global set of 83 populations (2017)

Today the primary DNA markers used in forensics are short tandem repeat (STR) polymorphisms (STRPs), initially selected because they are highly polymorphic. However, the increasingly common need to deal with samples with a mixture of DNA from two or more individuals sometimes is complicated by the inherent stutter involved with PCR amplification, especially in strongly unbalanced mixtures when the minor component coincides with the stutter range of the major component. Also, the STRPs in use provide little evidence of ancestry of a single source sample beyond broad "continental" resolution. Methodologies for analyzing DNA have become much more powerful in recent years. Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) is a new method being considered for routine use in forensics. Primarily to aid in mixture deconvolution and avoid the issue of stutter, we have begun to investigate a new type of forensic marker, microhaplotype loci, that will provide useful information on mixtures of DNA and on ancestry when typed using massively parallel sequencing (MPS). We have identified 130 loci and estimated their haplotype (allele) frequencies in 83 different population samples. Many of these loci are shown to be highly informative for individual identification and for mixture identification and deconvolution.
Cu(II)-Ion-Catalyzed Solvolysis of <i>N,N-</i>Bis(2-picolyl)ureas in Alcohol Solvents: Evidence for Cleavage Involving Nucleophilic Addition and Strong Assistance of Bis(2-picolyl)amine Leaving Group Departure (2014)

The kinetics and products for solvolysis of N-p-nitrophenyl-N',N'-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl) urea (7a), N-methyl-N-p-nitrophenyl-N',N'-bis(pyridin-2-yl methyl) urea (7b), and N-phenyl-N',N'-bis(pyridin-2-yl-methyl) urea (DPPU) (7c) promoted by Cu(II) ion in methanol and ethanol were studied under (s)(s)pH-controlled conditions at 25 °C. Methanolysis and ethanolysis of these substrates proceeds rapidly at a 1:1 ratio of substrate:metal ion, the half-times for decomposition of the Cu(II):7a complexes being ~150 min in methanol and 15 min in ethanol. In all cases, the reaction products are the Cu(II) complex of bis(2-picolyl)amine and the O-methyl or O-ethyl carbamate of the parent aniline, signifying that the point of cleavage is the bis(2-picolyl)-N-C=O bond. Reactions of the Cu(II):7b complexes in each solvent proceed about 3-5 times slower than their respective Cu(II):7a complexes, excluding an elimination mechanism that proceeds through an isocyanate which subsequently adds alcohol to give the observed products. The reactions also proceed in other solvents, with the order of reactivity ethanol > methanol >1-propanol >2-propanol > acetonitrile (with 0.2% methanol) > water spanning a range of 150-fold. The mechanism of the reactions is discussed, and the reactivity and mode of cleavage are compared with that of the M(II)-promoted ethanolytic cleavage of a mono-2-picolyl derivative, N-p-nitrophenyl-N'-(pyridin-2-yl-methyl) urea (4a), which had previously been shown to cleave at the aniline N-C=O bond. The large estimated acceleration of the rate of attack of ethoxide on 7b of at least 2 × 10¹⁶ provided by associating Cu(II) with the departing group in this urea is discussed in terms of a trifunctional role for the metal ion involving Lewis acid activation of the substrate, intramolecular delivery of a Cu(II)-coordinated ethoxide, and metal-ion-assisted leaving group departure.
Condensation on nonspherical particles - Shape factors (1991)

Aerosol particles encountered in nuclear reactor accidents are often not spherical. While detailed numerical calculations for condensation/evaporation of such bodies of arbitrary sizes remain to be carried out, useful information can be derived in some simple ways. In this paper, the authors describe one such development that appears particularly promising. Considered is the case of isothermal condensation. These calculations show that the concept of the shape factor, as introduced in this paper, is a useful one.
Modeling word occurrences for the compression of concordances (1997)

An earlier paper developed a procedure for compressing concordances, assuming that all alements occurred independently. The models introduced in that paper are extended here to take the possiblity of clustering into account. The concordance is conceptualized as a set of bitmaps, in which the bit locations reporesent documents, and the one-bits represent the occurrence of given terms. Hidden Markov Models (HMM's) are used to describe the clustering of the one-bits. However, for computational reasons, the HMM is approximated by traditional Markov models. A set of criteria is developed to constrain the allowable set of n -state models, and a full inventory is given for n ≤ 4. Graph-theoretic reduction and complementation operations are defined among the various models and are used to provide a structure relating the models studied. Finally, the new methods were tested on the concordances of the English Bible and of two of the world's largest full-text retrieval systems: the Tre´sor de la Langue Franc¸aise and the Responsa Project.
Atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition of CdTe for high efficiency thin film PV devices: Annual subcontract report, 26 January 1999--25 January 2000 (2000)

ITN's three year project Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (APCVD) of CdTe for High Efficiency Thin Film PV Devices has the overall objectives of improving thin film CdTe PV manufacturing technology and increasing CdTe PV device power conversion efficiency. CdTe deposition by APCVD employs the same reaction chemistry as has been used to deposit 16% efficient CdTe PV films, i.e., close spaced sublimation, but employs forced convection rather than diffusion as a mechanism of mass transport. Tasks of the APCVD program center on demonstration of APCVD of CdTe films, discovery of fundamental mass transport parameters, application of established engineering principles to the deposition of CdTe films, and verification of reactor design principles which could be used to design high throughput, high yield manufacturing equipment. Additional tasks relate to improved device measurement and characterization procedures that can lead to a more fundamental understanding of CdTe PV device operation and ultimately to higher device conversion efficiency and greater stability. Under the APCVD program, device analysis goes beyond conventional one-dimensional device characterization and analysis toward two dimension measurements and modeling. Accomplishments of the second year of the APCVD subcontract include: deposition of the first APCVD CdTe; identification of deficiencies in the first generation APCVD reactor; design, fabrication and testing of a ``simplified'' APCVD reactor; deposition of the first dense, adherent APCVD CdTe films; fabrication of the first APCVD CdTe PV device; modeling effects of CdSTe and SnOx layers; and electrical modeling of grain boundaries.
[Comparative study of the treatment of prostatic adenoma: laser photocoagulation versus endoscopic resection]. (1995)

These results indicate that laser photocoagulation is effective in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The VLAP technique appears to be better adapted to this indication. The benefit of VLAP will be more clearly demonstrated by the randomized study currently underway, provided the length of hospital stay, postoperative complications and cost-effectiveness ratio are taken into account. In contrast, the TULIP system is associated with numerous complications which appear to be unacceptable.
Design of diffractive elements at millimeter wavelengths using subwavelength cylindrical microstructures (2007)

Abstract We describe a design methodology for synthesizing diffractive elements based on two‐dimensional subwavelength cylindrical microstructures. We combine a numerical and experimental approach to demonstrate that by varying the diameter, pitch, and depth of subwavelength cylindrical occlusions in a homogenous substrate it is possible to produce multiphase diffractive elements. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1880–1884, 2007; Published online in Wiley Inter‐Science (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22571
A Unique Type of Dural Arteriovenous Fistula at Confluence of Sinuses Treated with Endovascular Embolization: A Case Report (2013)

Dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) is classically defined as abnormal arteriovenous connections located within the dural leaflets. Though the exact etiology is still not clear, they are generally accepted as acquired lesions. However, some DAVFs formed as the congenital disorders are called dural arteriovenous malformations and these lesions with a marked cortical venous reflux are considered to be aggressive and warrant an early intervention. The authors describe a case of 35-year-old man presented with unique type of DAVF. The fistula was located adjacent to the confluence of venous sinuses with multiple feeders. The feeders drained into a large venous pouch just anterior to the confluence which had a bilateral venous drainage. This was associated with multiple cerebellar venous ectasia along the draining cortical vein. It was managed by staged endovascular procedures and complete cure could be achieved. The pathogenesis and technique of embolization of this complex fistula/malformation are also discussed.