gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic Causes of Acoustic Neurinoma (2009)

An acoustic neurinoma, also called vestibular schwannoma, is a benign tumor that is located on the hearing and balance nerve, i.e., the eighth cranial nerve (vestibulocochlear nerve). The tumor results from an overproduction of Schwann cells, which normally wrap around nerve fibers and help support the nerves. When growth is abnormally excessive, Schwann cells pressing against the hearing and balance nerves often cause gradual hearing loss, tinnitus, and dizziness. If the tumor becomes large, it can interfere with the facial nerve, causing peripheral facial paresis. Early detection of the tumor is sometimes difficult because the symptoms may be subtle and may not appear in the beginning stages of growth. Also, hearing loss, dizziness, and tinnitus are common symptoms of many middle and inner ear problems. Therefore, once the symptoms appear, a thorough ear examination and hearing test are essential for proper diagnosis.
Novel bioactive and biodegradable glass ceramics with high mechanical strength in the CaOSiO<sub>2</sub>B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> system (2003)

Novel bioactive and biodegradable glass ceramics with high mechanical strength in the (50-x/2)CaO. SiO(2)--xB(2)O(3) (4.2 < or = x < or = 17.2) system were investigated. The systems consisted of three phases: monoclinic wollastonite, calcium metaborate, and amorphous borosilicate matrix. The glass ceramics containing 4.2 mol% and 8.4 mol% B(2)O(3) showed high bulk density and a dense microstructure. Mechanical strengths of the glass ceramics were higher than those of other bioactive ceramics: high compressive strength (2813 MPa), bending strength of 212 MPa, and fracture toughness of 3.12 MPa. m(1/2). The glass-ceramic formed apatite layer on their surface in the simulated body fluid and showed significant biodegradation. The degree of apatite formation in the glass ceramics depended on the calcium metaborate content and borosilicate glassy matrix. Additional calcium metaborate and borosilicate glassy matrix increased the apatite formation rate on the surface. It might be likely that calcium metaborate causes supersaturation of Ca ions, for its high solubility in SBF and the water-reactive borosilicate glassy matrix formed Sibond;OH groups on the surface to provide nucleation sites for apatite formation. Also, through in vitro test for the biocompatibility of the CaO--SiO(2)--B(2)O(3) glass ceramics, no cytotoxicity of the glass ceramics were found. The results on bioactivity and noncytotoxicity indicated that glass ceramics in the (50-x/2)CaO. SiO(2)--xB(2)O(3) (4.2 < or = x < or = 17.2) system could be useful as a biodegradable bone replacement material.
Viability of Human Eye Bank Cornea (1968)

Viability of human corneas stored in moist chambers was evaluated by histochemical staining of endothelium for lactic dehydrogenases and oxygen consumption by corneal stroma. The period between death and enucleation was taken into account to compute the total storage time which extended up to 264 hours. The study was done in pairs of eyes with normal biomicroscopic appearance at time of enucleation. With increased storage time permeability of endothelial cells to nitro-blue tetrazolium (NBT) stain increased in a greater number of cells. The respiratory quotient (QO<sub>2</sub>) of corneal stroma decreased with storage time and was indicative of stromal cell alteration or death.
LYMAN BREAK GALAXIES AT<i>z</i>≈ 1.8-2.8:<i>GALEX</i>/NUV IMAGING OF THE SUBARU DEEP FIELD (2009)

Abridged: A photometric sample of ~7100 V<25.3 Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) has been selected by combining Subaru/Suprime-Cam BVRci'z' data with deep GALEX/NUV imaging of the Subaru Deep Field. Follow-up spectroscopy confirmed 24 LBGs at 1.5<z<2.7. Among the optical spectra, 12 have Ly-alpha emission with rest-frame equivalent widths of ~5-60AA. The success rate for identifying LBGs as NUV-dropouts at 1.5<z<2.7 is 86%. The rest-frame UV (1700AA) luminosity function (LF) is constructed from the photometric sample with corrections for stellar contamination and z<1.5 interlopers. The LF is 1.7+/-0.1 times higher than those of z~2 BXs and z~3 LBGs. Three explanations were considered, and it is argued that significantly underestimating low-z contamination or effective comoving volume is unlikely: the former would be inconsistent with the spectroscopic sample at 93% confidence, and the second explanation would not resolve the discrepancy. The third scenario is that different photometric selection of the samples yields non-identical galaxy populations, such that some BX galaxies are LBGs and vice versa. This argument is supported by a higher surface density of LBGs at all magnitudes while the redshift distribution of the two populations is nearly identical. This study, when combined with other star-formation rate (SFR) density UV measurements from LBG surveys, indicates that there is a rise in the SFR density: a factor of 3-6 (3-10) increase from z~5 (z~6) to z~2, followed by a decrease to z~0. This result, along with past sub-mm studies that find a peak at z~2 in their redshift distribution, suggest that z~2 is the epoch of peak star-formation. Additional spectroscopy is required to characterize the complete shape of the z~2 LBG UV LF via measurements of contamination and accurate distances.
Membrane transport properties differ following return of serum‐deprived versus Ca<sup>++</sup>‐deprived human fibroblasts to a proliferative state (1982)

Human lung fibroblasts (W138) can be brought to a quiescent state by removal of serum from the medium or by lowering of the extracellular Ca++. Upon return of Ca++ or serum, the cells enter the G1 phase and progress to S within 15-18 hours. Since multiple G1 phase blocks have been demonstrated, we wished to determine whether the Ca++ and serum block were equivalent since previous data suggested that these two medium components may act at a common point in the initiation of proliferation. We have evaluated the membrane transport of 86Rb, 3-O-methylglucose, AIB, and cycloleucine following stimulation of quiescent cells by Ca++ or serum. Serum stimulation results in large increases in the influx of all the substances tested. These increases are prevented if Ca++ is absent upon serum stimulation or they are rapidly diminished following Ca++ removal. In contrast, Ca++ stimulation of Ca++-deprived cells causes little or no enhancement of any of the transport system, yet the cells progress to S phase in a manner similar to serum-stimulated cells. These results indicate that the Ca++ and serum G0 and G1 block are not equivalent and that the serum-induced change in transport of these components does not appear necessary for successful G1 phase progression. Furthermore, the data suggest that the sequence in which Ca++ or serum are presented to the cells alters the ability of Ca++ to modulate the transport systems. Quiescent cells which are exposed to Ca++ prior to serum possess a Ca++ modulation of several transport systems. Cells which are exposed to Ca++ subsequent to serum do not appear to possess this Ca++ regulation.
Learning by imitation with the STIFF-FLOP surgical robot: a biomimetic approach inspired by octopus movements (2014)

Transferring skills from a biological organism to a hyper-redundant system is a challenging task, especially when the two agents have very different structure/embodiment and evolve in different environments. In this article, we propose to address this problem by designing motion primitives in the form of probabilistic dynamical systems. We take inspiration from invertebrate systems in nature to seek for versatile representations of motion/behavior primitives in continuum robots. We take the perspective that the incredibly varied skills achieved by the octopus can guide roboticists toward the design of robust motor skill encoding schemes and present our ongoing work that aims at combining statistical machine learning, dynamical systems, and stochastic optimization to study the problem of transferring movement patterns from an octopus arm to a flexible surgical robot (STIFF-FLOP) composed of two modules with constant curvatures. The approach is tested in simulation by imitation and self-refinement of an octopus reaching motion.
<title>Absolute EUV yield of laser-irradiated Xe-clusters dependent on pulse width</title> (2001)

Large Xe-clusters have been excited with 50 fs and 2 ps pulses from a Ti:Sa multi - TW laser at 800 nm wavelength. Additionally a 10 ns Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm wavelength was used to heat Xe-cluster/gas and a liquid Xe-spray target. Absolute yield measurements of EUV-emission in a wavelength range between 10 nm and 15 nm in combination with target variations were carried out. The ps-laser pulse has resulted in about 30 percent enhanced and spatially more uniform EUV-emission compared to fs-laser excitation. Similar emission has been obtained with ns-pulse exposure of different target modifications which also act back to the EUV-source size. Absolute emission efficiencies at 13.4 nm of up to 0.8 percent in 2pi sr and 2.2 percent bandwidth were measured.
THE EFFECT OF ADRENAL CORTICAL HORMONES ON THE INCORPORATION OF C<sup>14</sup>INTO THE PROTEIN OF LYMPHATIC CELLS* (1953)

DURING the last years there have appeared a large number of publications on the effect of adrenal hormones on metabolic reactions studied either in vivo or in vitro. The influence of the adrenal cortex upon nitrogen metabolism is well known (see reviews by Sayers, 1950, and by Ingle, 1950). The numerous attempts to determine the mechanism of this action, however, have been unsuccessful. Some authors have reported that the activity of liver amino acid oxidase and of proline oxidase in kidney is diminished after adrenalectomy and is brought back to normal on injection of corticoid hormones (Cagan et al., 1950; Jensen and Gray, 1951; White et al., 1948); while others found that D-amino acid oxidase in kidney is inhibited by desoxycorticosterone (Hayano et al., 1950). It has also been reported that the synthesis of chondroitin sulfate (Layton, 1951a) and of mucopolysaccharide (Layton 1951b) in the rat is inhibited by cortisone.
One‐pot synthesis of some 2<i>H</i>‐Pyran‐2‐one derivatives (1996)

Abstract A one‐pot synthesis of various 2 H ‐pyran‐2‐one derivatives 5–19 starting from methyl ketones 1 , N,N‐ dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal and N ‐acylglycines 3 in acetic anhydride is described.
Potential Anticancer Agents.<sup>1</sup> XXXIV. Nonredox Analogs of Riboflavin. I. Model Studies (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotential Anticancer Agents.1 XXXIV. Nonredox Analogs of Riboflavin. I. Model StudiesELMER J. REIST, HARLAN P. HAMLOW, IRENE G. JUNGA, R. M. SILVERSTEIN, and B. R. BAKERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 8, 1368–1378Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01078a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01078a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views120Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Direct cell lineage analysis in Drosophila melanogaster by time-lapse, three-dimensional optical microscopy of living embryos. (1989)

One of the first signs of cell differentiation in the Drosophila melanogaster embryo occurs 3 h after fertilization, when discrete groups of cells enter their fourteenth mitosis in a spatially and temporally patterned manner creating mitotic domains (Foe, V. E. and G. M. Odell, 1989, Am. Zool. 29:617-652). To determine whether cell residency in a mitotic domain is determined solely by cell position in this early embryo, or whether cell lineage also has a role, we have developed a technique for directly analyzing the behavior of nuclei in living embryos. By microinjecting fluorescently labeled histones into the syncytial embryo, the movements and divisions of each nucleus were recorded without perturbing development by using a microscope equipped with a high resolution, charge-coupled device. Two types of developmental maps were generated from three-dimensional time-lapse recordings: one traced the lineage history of each nucleus from nuclear cycle 11 through nuclear cycle 14 in a small region of the embryo; the other recorded nuclear fate according to the timing and pattern of the 14th nuclear division. By comparing these lineage and fate maps for two embryos, we conclude that, at least for the examined area, the pattern of mitotic domain formation in Drosophila is determined by the position of each cell, with no effect of cell lineage.
Nerve Biopsy Supports Ischemic Axonal Neuropathy in Meralgia Paresthetica (P02.178) (2013)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pathologic and clinical features of MP patients undergoing lateral femoral cutaneous neurectomy.
Reharvest of Iliac Crest Donor Site Cancellous Bone (1998)

Patients requiring cancellous bone grafting of an extensive deficit or multiple bone grafting procedures often lack a sufficient quantity of autogenous cancellous bone. Canine studies have indicated that a potential exists for reharvesting autogenous cancellous bone from an iliac crest donor site using a trapdoor harvesting technique. However, significant human experience with this procedure has been lacking. This report describes four patients who underwent successful reharvesting of an iliac crest donor site that provided clinically sufficient autogenous cancellous bone graft material to treat an ongoing or a new skeletal problem. These patients all met specific criteria regarding use of the trapdoor method of bone graft harvest and a minimum 24-month interval between bone grafting procedures. Preoperative computed tomography scanning of the iliac crest was useful in documenting that sufficient cancellous bone was available for reharvest. It appears that iliac crest donor site reharvesting is a specific advantage of the trapdoor technique and is a possible alternative to multiple site grafting or the use of allograft or bone substitute materials.
A Monoclonal Antibody Specific for Bovine T Cell Surface Antigen Associated with the E‐Rosette Receptor (1990)

From mice immunized with T lymphocyte-enriched bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), a monoclonal antibody termed BLMo-12 was obtained. BLMo-12 reacted with the antigen of Mr 56,000 in lysate of T lymphocytes. This mAb was found to inhibit spontaneous rosette formation by T-bovine lymphocytes with sheep red blood cells but it did not react with B lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils or eosinophils. In frozen section of the thymus, BLMo-12 showed a positive staining both the cortex and the medulla. In lymph nodes, the mAb stained the T-dependent paracortex. BLMo-12 reacted with 49.9% of PBMC and 82.5% of thymocytes. Recognition of the bovine homologue of CD2 on the T lymphocyte surface by this mAb was discussed.
Stereoselektive Synthese von β‐Glucosiden mit 1,1′‐Diacetal‐Struktur (1981)

Ein Beispiel für die Anwendung von Trimethylsilyl‐trifluormethansulfonat als Katalysator ist die Umsetzung des β‐D‐Glucopyranosids (1) mit Acetalen (R 1 = Me, Ph; R 2 = H, CH 2 Ph, n ‐C 3 H 7 , CH 2 CH(OMe) 2 , CH 2 OMe etc.). Sie führt hochstereoselektiv in guten Ausbeuten zu den 1,1′‐Diacetalen (2) . magnified image
ON-ROAD CARBON MONOXIDE AND HYDROCARBON REMOTE SENSING IN THE CHICAGO AREA (1991)

A carbon monoxide (C) and hydrocarbon (HC) infra-red remote sensor was utilized for measuring Chicago-area motor vehicle emissions. This on-road measuring system also recorded vehicle speed, an estimate of acceleration and a freeze-frame video of each vehicle's license plate. Exhaust %CO and %HC were calculated and are equivalent to tailpipe probe measurements. Grams of CO or HC per gallon of gasoline were measured in seven days. Half of HC was emitted by 14.25% with %HC greater than 0.23%. Half of the CO emitted came from 9.4% of those vehicles with %CO greater than 3.5%. Only a small fraction (20%) of all vehicles was responsible for most emissions. Most new vehicles are clear with regard to CO emissions, but %HC showed only a slight model year dependence. The dirtiest 20% of year-old vehicles had greater emission than the cleanest 20% of all vehicles regardless of age and emissions control technology. The average measurement for CO was 1.10% (425 gm/gal), and for HC, 0.139% (84 gm/gal) in propane equivalents). Implications for effective control strategies are outlined.
Effects of Work Hour Reduction on Residents’ Lives (2005)

Past interventions suggest that residents' quality of life may improve with work hour limitations, but interpretation of the outcomes of these studies is hampered by suboptimal study design and the use of nonvalidated instruments. The long-term impact of reducing resident work hours on education remains unknown. Current and future interventions should be evaluated with more rigorous methods and should investigate links between residents' quality of life and quality of patient care.
Interleukin 1 alpha and tumor necrosis factor alpha stimulate autocrine amphiregulin expression and proliferation of human papillomavirus-immortalized and carcinoma-derived cervical epithelial cells. (1995)

Infection with multiple sexually transmitted agents has been associated with inflammation of the cervix and an increased risk of cervical cancer in women infected with human papillomaviruses (HPVs). Two proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), inhibited proliferation of normal epithelial cells cultured from human cervix. In contrast, both cytokines significantly stimulated proliferation of cervical cell lines (5 of 7) immortalized by transfection with HPV-16 or -18 DNAs or lines derived from cervical carcinomas (7 of 11). Stimulation was dose dependent from 0.01 to 1.0 nM and was blocked by specific inhibitors, such as the IL-1 receptor antagonist or the TNF type 1 or 2 soluble receptors. Growth stimulation by IL-1 alpha or TNF-alpha was accompanied by a 6- to 10-fold increase in RNA encoding amphiregulin, an epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor ligand. Recombinant human amphiregulin (0.1 nM) was as effective as IL-1 alpha or TNF-alpha in promoting proliferation. Monoclonal antibodies that blocked signal transduction by the EGF receptor or that neutralized amphiregulin activity prevented mitogenic stimulation by IL-1 alpha or TNF-alpha. These studies indicate that IL-1 alpha and TNF-alpha stimulate proliferation of immortal and malignant cervical epithelial cells by an EGF receptor-dependent pathway requiring autocrine stimulation by amphiregulin. Furthermore, they suggest that chronic inflammation and release of proinflammatory cytokines might provide a selective growth advantage for abnormal cervical cells in vivo.
Status and future plans of the PACTOLE code predicting the activation and transport of corrosion products in PWRs (1998)

Deposits of activated corrosion products on primary circuit surfaces generate a radiation field which mostly contributes (85%) to the dose absorbed by nuclear power plant staff during shutdown operations and maintenance. PACTOLE is a computer code developed by the Commissariat a l`Energie Atomique in cooperation with Electricite de France and Framatome for the prediction of contamination in the primary circuit of Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs). The goal of PACTOLE is to analyze the behavior of corrosion products, activated or not, in order to determine the activity in the fluid and the deposited activity of out-of flux surfaces. PACTOLE describes the primary circuit by an arrangement of control volumes in which mass balance equations are solved for the following chemical elements and relevant isotopes: Co, Cr, Ni, Mn, Fe and Zr. The present version of PACTOLE, namely V2.1, has been qualified for more than fifteen years. It has been used as a computer tool to determine material and reactor operation consequences on contamination. Even though PACTOLE results, mainly deposited activities, are in a good agreement with reactor activity measurements, further improvements are foreseen. The next PACTOLE version will be fully rewritten using Oriented Object Programming (OOP). It will describe more accurately the effects of alloy composition, alloy fabrication and surface treatment on corrosion and metal release processes. (J.P.N.)
Robust Nanocoatings for Nanoparticles (2007)

Methods to create stable functionalized nanoparticles are needed for applications of these materials. The rigid tetrathio-resorcinarene scaffold creates a strong interaction with gold nanoparticles and subsequent acyclic diene meta­thesis polymerization by the first-generation Grubbs catalyst gives well-behaved materials that can be precipitated and redispersed multiple times. These crosslinked nanocoatings can be subjected to oxidation reactions that provide access to a diverse array of functionality.
Search for new industrial oils. VI. Seed oils of the genus<i>Lesquerella</i> (1962)

Abstract Fatty acid composition of seed oil from 14 species of the genus Lesquerella has been determined by gas‐liquid chromatography. All but two species contain hydroxyeicosenoie acid in amounts ranging from 45 to 74%. The remaining two species contain about 50% C 18 hydroxy acids, but none of the C 20 hydroxy acid.
Analytical assessment of orbital noise effects in ring oscillators (2011)

We present the study of phase, amplitude and phase-orbital correlation noise in an idealized ring oscillator. The results are based on the Floquet theory for fluctuation estimation in an autonomous circuit. The chosen structure allows for fully analytical calculations, thus providing closed form, albeit approximate, expressions of the complete noise spectrum. This complements recent results wherein the phase noise component only was calculated.
Procedure quality management of medical record in my hospital (2006)

This article introduces the measure of procedure quality management of medical record: to establish procedurequality control system of medical record; control procedure quality of medical record actively; make out regulations on procedurequality management of medical record; practice monitoring procedure quality management in site; control, supervision and evaluateprocedure quality of medical quality by outcome quality control of medical services.
Analysis of Unmatched Orthopaedic Residency Applicants: Options After the Match (2015)

Success of reapplication into orthopaedic surgery may be less dependent on the route taken during the interim period, and more dependent on developing relationships with faculty at a local or regional institution.