gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of test cells for the antiglobulin test (1974)

Erythrocytes may be coated with blood group antibodies with or without reacting complement or sometimes apparently with complement alone. This may occur in vivo in such conditions as autoimmune acquired haemolytic anaemia, haemolytic disease of the newborn, or after transfusions of incompatible blood. It may occur in vitro also by the deliberate sensitization of erythrocytes during laboratory serological investigations. Blood group antibodies may be of immunoglobulin types γM, γA, or γG; we have never seen γD antibodies. The presence of these antibodies on the erythrocyte surface, together with complement components or the presence of complement components alone, may be detected by the direct antiglobulin test where sensitization occurs in vivo or by the indirect antiglobulin test where there is sensitization in vitro.
A Text-Based Chat System Embodied with an Expressive Agent (2017)

Life-like characters are playing vital role in social computing by making human-computer interaction more easy and spontaneous. Nowadays, use of these characters to interact in online virtual environment has gained immense popularity. In this paper, we proposed a framework for a text-based chat system embodied with a life-like virtual agent that aims at natural communication between the users. To achieve this kind of system, we developed an agent that performs some nonverbal communications such as generating facial expression and motions by analyzing the text messages of the users. More specifically, this agent is capable of generating facial expressions for six basic emotions such as happy, sad, fear, angry, surprise, and disgust along with two additional emotions, irony and determined. Then to make the interaction between the users more realistic and lively, we added motions such as eye blink and head movements. We measured our proposed system from different aspects and found the results satisfactory, which make us believe that this kind of system can play a significant role in making an interaction episode more natural, effective, and interesting. Experimental evaluation reveals that the proposed agent can display emotive expressions correctly 93% of the time by analyzing the users’ text input.
A data mining approach using transaction patterns for card fraud detection (2013)

Credit and debit cards, rather than actual money, have become the universal payment means. With these cards, it has become possible to buy expensive items easily without an additional complex authentication procedure being conducted. However, card transaction features are targeted by criminals seeking to use a lost or stolen card and looking for a chance to replicate it. Accidents, whether caused by the negligence of users or not, that lead to a transaction being performed by a criminal rather than the authorized card user should be prevented. Therefore, card companies are providing their clients with a variety of policies and standards to cover this eventuality. Card companies must therefore be able to distinguish between the rightful user and illegal users according to these standards in order to minimize damage resulting from unauthorized transactions. However, there is a limit to applying the same fixed standards to all card users, since the transaction patterns of people differ and even individuals' transaction patterns may change frequently due to changes income and consumption preference. Therefore, when only a specific threshold is applied, it is difficult to distinguish a fraudulent card transaction from a legitimate one. In this paper, we present methods for learning the individual patterns of a card user's transaction amount and the region in which he or she uses the card, for a given period, and for determining whether the specified transaction is allowable in accordance with these learned user transaction patterns. Then, we classify legitimate transactions and fraudulent transactions by setting thresholds based on the learned individual patterns.
Pressure ulcer assessment instruments: a critical appraisal. (1999)

Numerous evaluation tools have been developed to document various aspects of wound status or appearance of pressure ulcers. These include the Pressure Sore Status Tool (PSST), Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH Tool), Sussman Wound Healing Tool (SWHT), Sessing scale, and the Wound Healing Scale (WHS). A critical appraisal of the literature was undertaken to examine the purpose and methods for the development of each instrument, the extent to which the instruments have been validated to date, the practicality of their use, and the work that remains to be done to establish their suitability for clinical and/or research purposes. All of these instruments have been developed to describe and evaluate change in pressure ulcer status over time with the exception of the WHS, which was developed as an alternative to reverse staging. More of the validation parameters have been addressed for the PSST and the Sessing scale than for the PUSH Tool, the SWHT, and the WHS. All of the instruments can be completed within approximately 5 minutes except the PSST, which requires 10 to 15 minutes to complete. For all instruments, experience with wounds and training in the use of the instrument are required to improve reliability. For each of the measurement instruments, suggestions are made that would complete necessary validation procedures and thus prepare the instruments for clinical and/or research purposes.
Next generation fiber grating devices for lightwave communication systems (1999)

New classes of gratings are continuously being developed to enhance the performance and functionality of lightwave systems. This paper discusses some of these devices including the properties that are unique to fiber grating technology.
Gas sensing properties of single crystalline porous silicon nanowires (2009)

We demonstrate that the porous silicon nanowires (SiNWs) prepared by metal-assisted chemical etching method could impart sensitivity of nanowire electrical properties to gaseous nitrogen oxide (NO) at room temperature, thus are suitable for sensing NO and air monitoring. Particularly, the sensors made from the porous SiNWs assembly showed fast response and excellent reversibility to subparts per million NO concentrations. The excellent sensing performance coupled with scalable synthesis of porous SiNWs could open up opportunities in scalable production of sensor chips working at room temperature.
Determining the Membrane Topology of Proteins:  Insertion Pathway of a Transmembrane Helix of Annexin 12 (2002)

We describe a sensitive method for determining the bilayer topology of single-site cysteine-linked NBD fluorescent labels on membrane proteins. Based upon a method developed for peptides [W. C. Wimley and S. H. White (2000) Biochemistry 39, 161-170], it utilizes a novel fluorescence quencher, lysoUB, comprised of a single acyl chain attached to a UniBlue chromophore. The enhanced sensitivity of the method arises from the brightness of the NBD fluorescence and the quenching efficiency of lysoUB, which is not fluorescent. In the course of validating the method, we examined the insertion topology of the D-E helical region of repeat 2 of annexin 12, known to adopt a transbilayer orientation at mildly acidic pH [Langen et al. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95, 14060-14065]. In the final membrane-inserted state, an NBD label attached to the single-cysteine mutant D134C was found to be in the outer (cis) leaflet, while the one attached to D162C was found in the trans leaflet. But kinetic measurements of NBD fluorescence suggested the existence of a transient intermediate insertion state whose lifetime could be increased by increasing the fraction of anionic lipids in the vesicles. Indeed, the lifetime could be increased for times sufficient for the completion of lysoUB-NBD topology measurements. Such measurements revealed that the D-E region adopts an interfacial topology in the intermediate state with both ends on the cis side of the membrane, consistent with the general concept of interface-directed membrane insertion of proteins [White et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 32395-32398].
Single coronary artery: circumflex/right coronary circle (2009)

A 70-year-old woman with a background history of hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia presented with an anterior myocardial infarction. She received thrombolytic treatment, with resolution of her ST-segment …
Edith Wharton and Henry James: The Literary Relation (1959)

In the landscape of Edith Wharton's life the figure of Henry James is of almost too-distracting importance. He was the greatest man she knew. James himself had many friends and acquaintances such as Howells and Stevenson who stood equal beside him—he moved accustomedly among his peers from youth to old age—tout Edith Wharton had few intimates who were her creative equals, and none who towered into that eminence where James stood. Consequently, no discussion of her work can avoid contemplating the effect of his example and association; the danger, really, is that we will assume more effect than is there.
Infection and Mucosal Injury in Cancer Treatment (2001)

The oral and gastrointestinal mucosa acts as an important mechanical barrier that prevents local or systemic invasion by microorganisms. Cytotoxic chemotherapy-induced mucosal injury (MI) of oral cavity and intestinal epithelium occurs in many patients treated for malignancy. Compromise of the mucosal barrier can contribute to local invasion by colonizing microorganisms and, subsequently, to systemic infection. Historically, gram-negative bacteremia has been the most problematic bacterial infection in neutropenic patients, but its incidence has reduced over time because of the use of prophylactic antibiotics. There has been a shift in the type of infecting organisms responsible for bacteremia in these patients, from predominantly gram-negative organisms to gram-positive cocci. The viridans group of streptococci is composed of the most frequent bacterial pathogens associated with MI. When speciated, oral colonizers such as Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, and Streptococcus sangulis II are the most frequently identified pathogens. Other systemic infections caused by vancomycin-resistant enterococci, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Candida species have also been associated with MI after cancer treatment. Infection can also exacerbate MI after cancer treatment. The best recognized example is herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Latent virus is frequently reactivated in HSV-seropositive patients; this reactivation leads to stomatitis, which can be indistinguishable from MI caused by cytoreductive therapies. Antiviral prophylaxis or treatment can control the virus-induced MI and bring about overall amelioration of MI. Recognition of this infectious cause of MI is important in order for clinicians to anticipate and minimize oral toxicity and to facilitate optimal delivery of the antineoplastic regimen.
Correction Method for RS80-A Humicap Humidity Profiles and Their Validation by Lidar Backscattering Profiles in Tropical Cirrus Clouds (2005)

Abstract Routine radiosonde relative humidity (RH) measurements are not reliable as they are presently used in the global upper-air network. The new Lindenberg measuring and evaluation method, which provides RH profile measurements with an accuracy of ±1% RΗ in the temperature range from 35° to −70°C near the tropical tropopause is described. This Standardized Frequencies (FN) method uses a thin-film capacitive polymer sensor of a modified RS90-H Humicap radiosonde. These research humidity reference radiosondes (FN sondes) are used to develop a correction method for operational RS80-A Humicap humidity profiles. All steps of correction and quality control for RS80-A radiosondes are shown: ground-check correction, time-lag and temperature-dependent correction, and the recognition of icing during the ascent. The results of a statistical comparison between FN sondes and RS80-A sondes are presented. Corrected humidity data of operational RS80-A sondes used in Lindenberg (4 times daily) show no bias when compared to FN radiosondes and have an uncertainty of about ±3% RH at the 1 σ or 68% confidence level from 1000 to about 150 hPa. Only a small dry bias of at most −2% RH remains in the lowest part of the boundary layer (up to 500-m height). Finally, some examples of corrected RS80-A RH profiles in cirrus clouds validated by lidar backscattering profiles in a region of the intertropical convergence (Maldive Islands) are demonstrated. The soundings indicate that ice-saturated and ice-supersaturated air above 10-km height were connected with cirrus clouds in all 47 investigated cases, and, second, that the corrected RS80-A RH profiles also provide good quality information on water vapor in the upper troposphere.
Settings in Social Networks : a Measurement Model (2003)

A class of statistical models is proposed that aims to recover latent settings structures in social networks. Settings may be regarded as clusters of vertices. The measurement model is based on two assumptions. (1) The observed network is generated by hierarchically nested latent transitive structures, expressed by ultrametrics, and (2) the expected tie strength decreases with ultrametric distance. The approach could be described as model-based clustering with an ultrametric space as the underlying metric to capture the dependence in the observations. Bayesian methods as well as maximum-likelihood methods are applied for statistical inference. Both approaches are implemented using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods.
A broad-band waveguide junction containing dielectric (1961)

A method is described for obtaining a broad-band impedance match between two joined waveguides of differing cross-section. The method involves the use of an axially mounted dielectric which partially fills the waveguide cross-section. With an appropriate choice of dielectric cross-sectional area and permittivity the electromagnetic field is mainly confined to the region of the rod. Under these conditions the waveguide cross-section may be abruptly changed without appreciable reflection. The case of two joined circular waveguides containing an axial dielectric rod is treated theoretically for H01-mode propagation. A similar configuration is studied experimentally for the H11-type mode of propagation. In both cases an appreciable reduction in reflection coefficient is demonstrated when the rod is present. The application of the principle to other waveguide crosssections is briefly mentioned.
[Overexpression of human homeobox gene in lung cancer A549 cells results in enhanced motile and invasive properties]. (1999)

Since homeobox-containing genes (HOX genes) are a family of transcriptional regulators, which give cells positional information in morphogenesis, cancer metastasis can be explained as a heterotopic expression of HOX genes. In the present study, I transfected HOXD3 gene into human lung cancer A549 cells and investigated alterations of adhesiveness, migration and invasiveness of the tumor cells. Overexpression of the HOXD3 gene enhanced expressions of integrin alpha 3, alpha 4 and beta 3 subunits, and increased adhesive and migratory activities toward fibronectin and vitronectin. It was suggested that the increased migration of the tumor cells resulted from enhanced expression and activation of integrin alpha v beta 3. Furthermore, the overexpression of HOXD3 increased mRNA expressions of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and transcription factors ets-1 and -2. Most of these molecules, which increased with overexpression of HOXD3, are well-known factors associated with tumor invasion and metastasis. Indeed, HOXD3 transfectants revealed high invasive activity to matrigel, a basement membrane model, compared to their parent cells and control neo-transfectants. These findings suggest that abnormal expression of HOXD3 may enhance tumor invasion and metastasis through increased expressions of metastasis-related genes.
Efficacy of the progesterone receptor antagonist mifepristone for palliative therapy of patients with a variety of advanced cancer types. (2010)

Our data demonstrate a palliative role for the use of mifepristone in cancer therapy. Progesterone receptor antagonists should be given a therapeutic trial in larger controlled studies of various malignancies in humans.
Interaction of <i>Shrunken</i>‐2 with Five Other Carbohydrate Genes in Corn Endosperm<sup>1</sup> (1974)

The interactions of the shrunken ‐2 ( sh 2 ) gene with waxy ( wx ), amylose‐extender ( ae ), sugary ‐1 ( su 1 ), dull ( du ) and sugary ‐2 ( su 2 ) on the carbohydrate composition of maize ( Zea mays L.) endosperm were determined. The contents of fructose, glucose, sucrose, water‐soluble polysaccharide (WSP), and starch of whole kernel samples 21 and 28 days after pollination were determined. Percent starch and amylose of mature kernels were determined. The sh 2 mutation reduced starch drastically concurrent with a large accumulation of sucrose as previously observed. In homozygous double and triple recessive genotypes, sh 2 was epistatic over all other genes for the accumulation of sucrose and reduction of starch. Genotype combinations containing both su 1 and sh 2 produced the most extreme reduction in starch content, and in all cases sh 2 inhibited the large WSP content normally caused by su 1 . Starch from kernels homozygous for ae alone had 60% amylose. Presence of sh 2 in the multiple recessive genotypes inhibited the ae enhancement in percent amylose. With few exceptions those genotypes with wx produced no amylose; those which did were in combination with ae . Genotype combinations containing both wx and sh 2 , had higher sucrose than normal and the starch, although reduced in quantity, was 100% amylopectin.
Eating Disorders (2012)

This issue provides a clinical overview of eating disorders focusing on prevention, diagnosis, treatment, practice improvement, and patient information. Readers can complete the accompanying CME quiz for 1.5 credits. Only ACP members and individual subscribers can access the electronic features of In the Clinic. Non-subscribers who wish to access this issue of In the Clinic can elect "Pay for View." Subscribers can receive 1.5 category 1 CME credits by completing the CME quiz that accompanies this issue of In the Clinic. The content of In the Clinic is drawn from the clinical information and education resources of the American College of Physicians (ACP), including PIER (Physicians' Information and Education Resource) and MKSAP (Medical Knowledge and Self Assessment Program). Annals of Internal Medicine editors develop In the Clinic from these primary sources in collaboration with the ACP's Medical Education and Publishing division and with assistance of science writers and physician writers. Editorial consultants from PIER and MKSAP provide expert review of the content. Readers who are interested in these primary resources for more detail can consult www.acponline.org, http://pier.acponline.org, and other resources referenced within each issue of In the Clinic.
A human granulocyte-specific antigen characterized by use of monoclonal antibodies (1983)

Abstract Hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies that bind to a surface antigen of human neutrophils have been prepared by fusion of mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from mice immunized with human neutrophils. Several of the monoclonal antibodies (AHN 1–6) were specific for a neutrophil surface antigen and did not bind lymphocytes, monocytes, red blood cells, platelets, or basophils. All of the granulocyte-specific antibodies immunoprecipitated a polypeptide of 145,000 daltons and an isoelectric point of about 4.5 and other heterogeneous polypeptides of 105,000 daltons. These same components were the major lactoperoxidase-labeled proteins precipitated by hyperimmune mouse serum. The antibodies were further characterized for binding to several human myeloid leukemia cell lines and cells from patients with myeloid or lymphoid leukemia. All antibodies bound the HL- 60, ML1, ML2, ML3, K562, and U937 myeloid leukemia cell lines. None of the antibodies bound the RPMI 6410 Raji, RPMI 8226, MOLT 4, or Daudi lymphoid cell lines. All of the hybridoma cell lines (AHN 1–6) produced IgM antibodies that were cytotoxic.
Human vision, anti-aliasing, and the cheap 4000 line display (1980)

Despite its other advantages, one of the major objections to raster graphics has been the poor image quality and aliasing effects caused by discrete sampling. These effects include “jaggies” or stair-stepping, crawling, line breakup, and scintillation. Several solutions have been proposed in the literature, however, most suffer severe drawbacks and are only partially successful at eliminating aliasing effects. One solution, area anti-aliasing, is not only effective, it produces results comparable to higher resolution systems. Using widely available data on human visual response, it is shown how this technique actually increases the perceived resolution of a display beyond the hardware resolution by factors of up to 16X. The requirements of such a system are discussed, as well as some of the problems encountered.
Late Cretaceous environments and communities as recorded at Chrtníky (Bohemian Cretaceous Basin, Czech Republic) (2006)

Five sedimentation episodes ranging from Upper Cenomanian to Lower Turonian (Korycany Member of the Peruc-Korycany Formation and Bl Hora Formation) are documented from new outcrops at the Chrtnky quarry, Bohemian Cretaceous Basin (BCB). The first episode belongs to the lower Metoicoceras geslinianum Zone and is recorded only as phosphatic intraclasts in younger beds. The second and third episodes (upper M. geslinianum Zone) are represented by coarse conglomerates separated by an interval of condensed sedimentation, phosphogenesis, and erosion of incompletely lithified deposits. The third sedimentation episode is cut by erosion. Probably after a stratigraphic gap, a fourth episode followed and included further shaping of the underlying erosion surface (formation of a hardground s. lat.), stromatolite growth and phosphogenesis (second interval of condensed sedimentation), corrosion and redeposition of diabase clasts, calcareous mud deposition and firmground formation, and, finally, deposition of dark claystone and burrowing. This succession seems to be of Early Turonian age, Whiteinella archaeocretacea (?) Zone. Basal portions of the fifth sedimentation episode (Lower Turonian, Helvetoglobotruncana helvetica Zone) started after the erosion event and included marly deposits rich in macrofauna, whereas the overlying strata yield an impoverished fauna predominated by sponges. In the topmost part of the succession, fully oxic conditions with abundant macrofauna are documented. The biostratigraphic conclusions are based on macrofauna and micropalaeontology (palynomorphs and foraminifera), and on correlations with other shallow-water successions (Pedboj, Velim, Pecnov). Finds of enormously abundant remains of the crinoid Cyathidium aff. depressum (Sieverts) are unique. Common bryozoan and microfossil associations document a deepening of the basin during the fifth sedimentation episode. An identical development is documented by gradual changes in ecologic types of sponges (Pachytilodia bohemica Chonella-Verruculina-Siphonia Laocoetis-Guettardiscyphia-Diplodictyon assemblages). The taphonomy of macrofauna supports previous views of the geological and sedimentological developments in the area. Nontronite, which causes the greenish colour of clay laminae mainly in stromatolites, was identified for the first time in the BCB.
Medieval Roofs: A Classification (1958)

(1958). Medieval Roofs: A Classification. Archaeological Journal: Vol. 115, No. 1, pp. 111-149.