gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visualizing terrain and navigation data (2001)

Terrain and navigatioji data have been collected from sensors mounted on a)] autonomous offroad vehicle. Data include range images from scanning laser range imagers, position and orientation estimated from GPS and inertied devices, and color images registered with the laser range data. These data have been visualized as static models with interactive displays and as 3D movies (seipiences of 3D range images) displayed nominally from the sensor's viewpoint bat also with some interactive control of the vantage point. Displav technologies have ranged from J'RML (Virtual Realit}' Modeling Language) alone to immersive stereo displays. Design choices in the display (f the data and their effect on the visual impact are discussed. The abilinto rapidly and interactively visualize these data has enabled critical insights into the data that would otherwise have been difficult to achieve.
Regulation of death receptor-induced apoptosis induced via CD95/Fas and other death receptors (2011)

Apoptosis (programmed cell death) is common to all multicellular organisms. Apoptosis can be triggered by the extrinsic (death receptor (DR)) or the intrinsic (mitochondrial) death pathways. Apoptosis plays the central role for the cell differentiation, removal of the damaged cells and the homeostasis of the immune system. CD95 (APO-1/Fas) is a member of the DR family, which was discovered more than 20 years ago. This review is focused on the mechanisms of DR-induced apoptosis focusing on CD95 (APO-1/Fas)-mediated apoptosis and the role of the anti-apoptotic protein c-FLIP in the extrinsic apoptosis. Regulation of apoptosis plays the central role in the immune system and apoptosis deregulation leads to a number of diseases. Gaining insights into these processes will improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of diseases such as cancer, autoimmunity and AIDS, and will open new approaches to rational treatment strategies.
Nonnegative Matrix Factorization: A Comprehensive Review (2012)

Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF), a relatively novel paradigm for dimensionality reduction, has been in the ascendant since its inception. It incorporates the nonnegativity constraint and thus obtains the parts-based representation as well as enhancing the interpretability of the issue correspondingly. This survey paper mainly focuses on the theoretical research into NMF over the last 5 years, where the principles, basic models, properties, and algorithms of NMF along with its various modifications, extensions, and generalizations are summarized systematically. The existing NMF algorithms are divided into four categories: Basic NMF (BNMF), Constrained NMF (CNMF), Structured NMF (SNMF), and Generalized NMF (GNMF), upon which the design principles, characteristics, problems, relationships, and evolution of these algorithms are presented and analyzed comprehensively. Some related work not on NMF that NMF should learn from or has connections with is involved too. Moreover, some open issues remained to be solved are discussed. Several relevant application areas of NMF are also briefly described. This survey aims to construct an integrated, state-of-the-art framework for NMF concept, from which the follow-up research may benefit.
Restraining mycobacteria: Role of granulomas in mycobacterial infections (2000)

The generation of prolonged immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis requires not only an antigen-specific IFN-gamma-producing T cell response, including both CD4 and CD8 T cells, but also the generation of protective granulomatous lesions, whereby the close apposition of activated T cells and macrophages acts to contain bacterial growth. The importance of the granulomatous lesion in controlling this immune response and in limiting both tissue damage and bacterial dissemination has been considered a secondary event but, as the present review illustrates, is no less important in surviving mycobacterial infection than an antigen-specific T-cell response. The formation of a protective granuloma involves the orchestrated production of a host of chemokines and cytokines, the upregulation of their receptors along with upregulation of addressins, selectins and integrins to coordinate the recruitment, migration and retention of cells to and within the granuloma. In the present review, the principal components of the protective response are outlined and the role of granuloma formation and maintenance in mediating prolonged containment of mycobacteria within the lung is addressed.
Driver Gaze Behavior Is Different in Normal Curve Driving and when Looking at the Tangent Point (2015)

Several steering models in the visual science literature attempt to capture the visual strategies in curve driving. Some of them are based on steering points on the future path (FP), others on tangent points (TP). It is, however, challenging to differentiate between the models' predictions in real-world contexts. Analysis of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) parameters is one useful measure, as the different strategies predict measurably different OKN patterns. Here, we directly test this prediction by asking drivers to either a) "drive as they normally would" or b) to "look at the TP". The design of the experiment is similar to a previous study by Kandil et al., but uses more sophisticated methods of eye-movement analysis. We find that the eye-movement patterns in the "normal" condition are indeed markedly different from the "tp" condition, and consistent with drivers looking at waypoints on the future path. This is the case for both overall fixation distribution, as well as the more informative fixation-by-fixation analysis of OKN. We find that the horizontal gaze speed during OKN corresponds well to the quantitative prediction of the future path models. The results also definitively rule out the alternative explanation that the OKN is produced by an involuntary reflex even while the driver is "trying" to look at the TP. The results are discussed in terms of the sequential organization of curve driving.
Induction of Sustained Hemopoiesis in Fatty Marrow (1974)

Abstract Evacuation of the fatty marrow cavity results in a sequence of regeneration which is associated with a phase of hemopoiesis. Hemopoietic activity is, however, transient, being replaced by adipose tissue, so that 6 mo after evacuation the marrow is once again fatty. This phase of transient hemopoiesis can be sustained by phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic stress. Hemolysis per se does not induce significant hemopoietic activity in nonevacuated totally fatty marrow.
Relationship Between Technostress Dimensions and Employee Productivity (2019)

Low productivity among employees represents a threat to the sustainability of organizational profits. Retail organizations have experienced a loss of over $300 billion annually because of low productivity. A consequence of technostress is low self-efficacy, which promotes low productivity and high employee absenteeism and burnout. Guided by the theory of technological self-efficacy, the purpose of this correlational study was to examine whether a relationship existed between employee technostress and employee productivity and the extent that technological self-efficacy mediated that relationship. A random sample of 112 retail employees from central Florida contributed to this study. Data were analyzed using Pearson bivariate correlations and multiple linear regression. The overall predictor variables of technostress and technological self-efficacy accounted for approximately 12% of variance in employee productivity. The results in this study indicated the overall linear regression model was significant. Bivariate findings indicated that technostress was not significantly associated with employee productivity. Technological self-efficacy was significantly associated with employee productivity. As employees’ technological self-efficacy increased, so did their productivity. The results of this study supported the conclusion that business professionals may benefit from implementing newer IT systems to improve profits and creating mentorships to train employees. The implications of this study for positive social change included the potential to break the cycle of stress-related issues and provide a quality work life for employees.
Material Properties at Low Temperature (2014)

From ambient down to cryogenic temperatures, the behaviour of materials changes greatly. Mechanisms leading to variations in electrical, thermal, mechanical, and magnetic properties in pure metals, alloys, and insulators are briefly introduced from a general engineering standpoint. Data sets are provided for materials commonly used in cryogenic systems for design purposes.
Oral lichen planus: clinical presentation and management. (2002)

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic mucosal condition commonly encountered in clinical dental practice. Lichen planus is believed to represent an abnormal immune response in which epithelial cells are recognized as foreign, secondary to changes in the antigenicity of the cell surface. It has various oral manifestations, the reticular form being the most common. The erosive and atrophic forms of OLP are less common, yet are most likely to cause symptoms. Topical corticosteroids constitute the mainstay of treatment for symptomatic lesions of OLP. Recalcitrant lesions can be treated with systemic steroids or other systemic medications. However, there is only weak evidence that these treatments are superior to placebo. Given reports of a slightly greater risk of squamous cell carcinoma developing in areas of erosive OLP, it is important for clinicians to maintain a high index of suspicion for all intraoral lichenoid lesions. Periodic follow-up of all patients with OLP is recommended.
The Input and Output of Chinese and Japanese Characters (1985)

The complexity of Chinese characters has presented major obstacles to modern international communication. The lack of a system for manipulating and entering more than 50,000 monosyllabic and nonalphabetic symbols on computers, typewriters, printing presses, and the telex has led to many problems. One of the primary difficulties encountered in attempts to computerize both Chinese and Japanese is the encoding of characters. During the past century, scholars and experts have struggled to devise new coding systems. More than 100 methods (30 in Taiwan alone) have been released in their respective homelands and abroad. Roughly speaking, input systems can be divided into four categories: those based on whole characters, those based on the phonetic value of characters, those based on the arrangement of symbols (radicals) within a character, and those based on the division of characters into radicals or similar patterns. There are fewer problems encountered in processing the computer output of Chinese characters and Japanese kanji than in formulating the input. Since images of characters are stored in the form of dot matrices, the output devices (either printers or CRT displays) must be able to produce the same type of images, aided by the necessary software and firmware. Many input systems for Chinese and Japanese are workable. All of them, however, are still at the pioneer stage. More effort needs to be invested in improving input systems to help them reach their full potential. As more sophisticated hardware and software become available, it will be possible to achieve this aim.
STUDY ON SUBGENUS <i>XORIDES</i> (HYMENOPTERA<sub>:</sub> ICHNEU‐MONIDAE) FROM NORTH CHINA (1998)

Abstract This papa deals with nine species of Xorides (Xorides ) collected in North China, of which three are new to the science, namely Xorides (X.) furcatus sp. nov., X . (X.) hirtus sp. nov. and X. (X.) aculeatus sp.nov., three, are new records, X. (X.) brachylabis , X. (X.) praecato‐rius , X. (X.1 sepulchralis , and the other three species already known in China, X. (X.) sapporen‐sis, X . (X.1 erigentis, X . (X.) hingganensis .
Darstellung, Struktur und Reaktivität hochsubtituierter Porphyrine (1976)

Abstract Durch Titantetrachlorid katalysierte Knoevenagel‐Kondensationen am 5‐Formyl‐octaäthylporphyrin (3a) ergaben eine Reihe substituierter 5‐Acrylsäurederivate in guten Ausbeuten. Decarboxylierungs‐ und Hydrierungsreaktionen führten zu weiteren Derivaten. Aufgrund der Überfüllung der Porphyrinebene durch große Substituenten an einer Methinbrücke und den benachbarten Pyrrolkernen wird die Planarität des Chromophors empfindlich gestört. Die Röntgenstrukturanalysen von 3d und 4a zeigen Abweichungen von h0.5 A für Kohlenstoffatome des Makrocyclus aus der Porphyrinebene. Steigende Verdrillung des Porphyrinrings läß sich aus der Verbreiterung und den bathochromen Verschiebungen der Banden in den Elektronenspektren, nicht aber aus den 1H‐NM R‐Spektren oder einer veränderten chemischen Reaktivität ablesen. Eine früher postulierte Tendenz, daß räumlich überladene Porphyrine zu Phlorinen isomerisieren oder Nucleophile (2. B. Thioessig‐S‐säure) anlagern, konnte nicht bestätigt werden. Lediglich die Elektronenspektren der protonierten Schiffschen Basen 31 und 3rn geben einen Hinweis auf das Vorliegen phlorinoider Strukturen im angeregten Zustand.
Wall shear stress as measured in vivo: consequences for the design of the arterial system (2008)

Based upon theory, wall shear stress (WSS), an important determinant of endothelial function and gene expression, has been assumed to be constant along the arterial tree and the same in a particular artery across species. In vivo measurements of WSS, however, have shown that these assumptions are far from valid. In this survey we will discuss the assessment of WSS in the arterial system in vivo and present the results obtained in large arteries and arterioles. In vivo WSS can be estimated from wall shear rate, as derived from non-invasively recorded velocity profiles, and whole blood viscosity in large arteries and plasma viscosity in arterioles, avoiding theoretical assumptions. In large arteries velocity profiles can be recorded by means of a specially designed ultrasound system and in arterioles via optical techniques using fluorescent flow velocity tracers. It is shown that in humans mean WSS is substantially higher in the carotid artery (1.1-1.3 Pa) than in the brachial (0.4-0.5 Pa) and femoral (0.3-0.5 Pa) arteries. Also in animals mean WSS varies substantially along the arterial tree. Mean WSS in arterioles varies between about 1.0 and 5.0 Pa in the various studies and is dependent on the site of measurement in these vessels. Across species mean WSS in a particular artery decreases linearly with body mass, e.g., in the infra-renal aorta from 8.8 Pa in mice to 0.5 Pa in humans. The observation that mean WSS is far from constant along the arterial tree implies that Murray's cube law on flow-diameter relations cannot be applied to the whole arterial system. Because blood flow velocity is not constant along the arterial tree either, a square law also does not hold. The exponent in the power law likely varies along the arterial system, probably from 2 in large arteries near the heart to 3 in arterioles. The in vivo findings also imply that in in vitro studies no average shear stress value can be taken to study effects on endothelial cells derived from different vascular areas or from the same artery in different species. The cells have to be studied under the shear stress conditions they are exposed to in real life.
Dried Blood Spot Methods in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Methods, Assays, and Pitfalls (2009)

This article reviews dried blood spot (DBS) sampling in therapeutic drug monitoring. The DBS method involves applying whole blood obtained via a fingerprick to a sampling paper. After drying and transportation, the blood spot is extracted and analyzed in the laboratory. Assays of many medicines in DBS have already been reported in the literature and are reviewed here. The technique involved in and factors that may influence the accuracy and reproducibility of DBS methods are also discussed. DBS sampling ultimately seems to be a useful technique for therapeutic drug monitoring that could have many advantages in comparison with conventional venous sampling. However, its benefits must be weighed against the degree of potential errors introduced via the sampling method; there is evidently a need for more standardization, quality assurance, basic research, and assay development.
Topological Contributions to Nonlinear Elasticity in Branched Polymers (1996)

The dynamics and rheology of entangled polymer fluids are dominated at long times by topological constraints. The topological structure of the molecules themselves is known to control the linear stress relaxation function in a way that agrees well with the ``tube'' model. Here we extend the model to calculate the nonlinear elastic response of highly branched polymers under large shear strains. The nonlinear strain dependence is strongly sensitive to the distribution of free ends in the molecules, in contrast to the linear stress relaxation. Calculations for combs, monodisperse trees, and the classical gelation ensemble are compared to experimental results on the unknown structure of branched polyethylene, and point strongly to a treelike structure.
The Ginkgo, the Most Ancient Living Tree (1967)

Fossil records clearly demonstrate that the group of trees known as Ginkgoales, of which today Ginkgo biloba is the sole living member, date back over 200 million years. Ginkgo bilboa itself is one of the oldest of living plants (4). It appears that the longevity of this tree and its long reproductive period are at least partially responsible for the persistence of the species. The resistance of these trees to pests such as insects, bacteria, viruses, and fungi has been studied. It is believed that their unusual resistance to pests accounts in part for the longevity of the trees and also, in turn, for the longevity of the species.
Picosecond photoacoustics using common-path interferometry (2000)

A pump-probe technique based on the detection of optical phase changes at the surface is described. A common-path interferometer in which the reference and probe pulses interrogate the surface immediately (∼500 ps) before and after the pump pulse is demonstrated. The primary application of this system is film thickness measurement in integrated circuit processing. Pulses 60 to 100 fs wide, from a Ti-sapphire laser at 800 nm, are brought to a 5 μm focus on the surface, resulting in picosecond acoustic pulses in the film. Echoes from film interfaces, upon arrival at the surface, lead to a phase change in the probe beam which is measured. Results from tungsten, aluminum, and copper film structures are presented.
Sensitivity to Change in Cognitive Performance and Mood Measures of Energy and Fatigue in Response to Differing Doses of Caffeine or Breakfast (2009)

This double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subjects (N = 18) experiment compared the sensitivity to change of cognitive performance and mood measures of mental energy following consumption of either 100 or 200-mg caffeine or a 440-calorie breakfast. Breakfast and 200-mg caffeine improved mood and cognitive performance. The sensitivity to change of the measures did not differ in response to any treatment (all p values > .05). The mood and cognitive measures of mental energy used here have similar sensitivity to detecting change in response to a moderate dose of caffeine and breakfast consumption.
Stabilization of an inverted flexible pendulum by fuzzy control (2002)

Speedup of controlled system and lighting of material are requested in many fields of industry e.g. a manipulator and the universe structure. It draws attention to suppressing vibration of a flexible structure. Fuzzy control is suitable for nonlinear systems like an inverted pendulum. An inverted flexible pendulum is a more unstable system. Fuzzy rules become complex, since the member of the state variables is increased. Then we study a dimensional reduction of variables by considering the new state variables. We consider the control of position because the length of the rail was a limit. We show some results of experiments.
Corona Discharge Anemometer and Its Operational Hypothesis (1971)

The paper presents an outline of the physical mechanism of corona discharge between a highly stressed anode and a large plate cathode as applied to the operation of a new type of anemometer. An operational hypothesis is proposed for the anemometer with reference to its kinematic and electrostatic principles of performance. Experimental results are presented to justify the hypothesis and the calibration of the probe. A discussion of the probe sensitivity to yaw of gas stream is included.
The Ethernet capture effect: analysis and solution (2002)

We analyze the behavior of the Ethernet in networks with a small number of active stations, and describe what is known as the Ethernet capture effect. Where a station transmits consecutive packets exclusively for a prolonged period despite other stations contending for access. The capture effect causes transient unfairness, which results in substantial performance degradation. We report measurements using TCP/IP that show the performance degradation. A solution is proposed that effectively overcomes the capture effect. The proposed algorithm, which we call the capture avoidance binary exponential backoff (CABEB), uses the standard binary exponential backoff (BEB) with enhancements for collision resolution in the special case when a station attempts to capture the channel subsequent to an uninterrupted consecutive transmit. Using a detailed simulation, we show the efficacy of the CABEB algorithm over the standard BEB in overcoming the unfairness resulting from stations capturing the channel. The CABEB improves throughput for protocols like TCP/IP, reduces variability in the channel access latency and eliminates packet discards due to excessive collisions in a 2-node network. The algorithm is a modification that is compliant with the Ethernet/802.3 standards. For networks with a large number of active stations, the CABEB performs as well as the standard BEB algorithm. Our study placer emphasis on the workload and network configuration that is the worst case relative to the Ethernet capture effect to show that the proposed algorithm is a substantial improvement over the existing backoff algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A systematic search method for obtaining multiple local optimal solutions of nonlinear programming problems (1996)

We propose, in this paper, a systematic method to find several local optimal solutions for general nonlinear optimization problems. We have developed some analytical results for quasi-gradient systems and reflected gradient systems, applying these results to derive topological and geometric properties of the critical points of the underlying objective function. A mechanism has also been devised to escape from a local optimal solution and proceed into another local optimal solution via decomposition points. By properly switching between quasi-gradient systems and reflected gradient systems, our proposed method can attain a set of local optimal solutions. The proposed method is applied to two test examples with promising results.
High-Frequency Fatigue of Metals and Their Cavitation-Damage Resistance (1966)

In order to verify the strain-rate effects on the correlation between strain energy of metals and their cavitation-damage resistance, high-frequency fatigue tests at 14.2 kcs were conducted using a magnetostriction oscillator. Utilizing Morrow’s theory, it has been shown that fatigue at this frequency can be quantitatively represented if a 15 percent reduction in static strain-hardening factor is made. This result shows that the strain-rate effects are relatively small (for the metals investigated) when plastic-strain energy is used as a criterion. Another result revealed by this study is the influence of corrosion on high-frequency fatigue and cavitation-damage resistance. Present experiments show that fatigue strength can be reduced significantly for SAE 1020 steel in 3 percent NaCl solution even at high frequencies, thus confirming earlier speculations on this aspect.