gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple-input multiple-output control of diesel combustion using a control-oriented model (2019)

In this study, a multiple-input multiple-output feedforward controller for use with multiple-point fuel injection systems is applied to a diesel engine using an original control-oriented model. The target-tracking performance of this multiple-input multiple-output feedforward controller was then tested in terms of how well the controller adjusts the fuel delivery ratios to the pilot injection, pre-injection, main fuel injection, and the main fuel injection timing, and controls the in-cylinder peak pressure and its timing. Control experiments are conducted at different engine outputs and speeds while changing the targets of the in-cylinder peak pressure and its timing. The controller is able to track the varying targets within an acceptable error included in the original model. The calculation time, which is almost double that of a single-input single-output controller, is sufficiently fast to derive the applicable inputs.
Mammalian Hematopoietic Development and Function (2013)

Abstract Primary immunodeficiency diseases are inherited disorders that affect human adaptive and innate immunity. In most cases, affected individuals experience recurrent infections, but they may also suffer from autoimmune diseases and malignancies. This chapter focuses on Mammalian Hematopoietic Development and Function, including the historic and scientific background, clinical presentations, immunologic characteristics, and the molecular/genetic underpinnings. Where appropriate, diagnostic tools and therapeutic options are outlined -- from prophylactic anti-infective measures to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and gene therapy.
Phonons and free‐carrier properties of binary, ternary, and quaternary group‐III nitride layers measured by Infrared Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (2003)

This work reviews recent ellipsometric investigations of the infrared dielectric functions of binary, ternary, and quaternary group-III nitride films. Spectroscopic Ellipsometry in the mid-infrared range is employed for the first time to determine phonon and free-carrier properties of individual group-III nitride heterostructure components, including layers of some ten nanometer thickness. Assuming the effective carrier mass, the free-carrier concentration and mobility parameters can be quantified upon model analysis of the infrared dielectric function. In combination with Hall-effect measurements, the effective carrier masses for wurtzite n- and p-type GaN and n-type InN are obtained. The mode behavior of both the E1(TO) and A1(LO) phonons are determined for ternary compounds. For strain-sensitive phonon modes, the composition and strain dependences of the phonon frequencies are differentiated and quantified. Information on the crystal quality and compositional homogeneity of the films can be extracted from the phonon mode broadening parameters. A comprehensive IR dielectric function database of group-III nitride materials has been established and can be used for the analysis of complex thin-film heterostructures designed for optoelectronic device applications. Information on concentration and mobility of free carriers, thickness, alloy composition, average strain state, and crystal quality of individual sample constituents can be derived. (© 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of pretilachlor and fenclorim on carbohydrate and protein formation in relation to their persistence in rice (2004)

The persistence of pretilachlor applied to rice singly or in combination with the safener fenclorim was investigated in connection with starch, glucose and protein formation. The addition of fenclorim to pretilachlor did not reduce the accumulation of the latter, but reduced its persistence in rice shoots, while the presence of pretilachlor did not affect the persistence of fenclorim, but significantly increased its accumulation in the shoots. Therefore the safening effect of fenclorim consisted of a more rapid detoxification of pretilachlor. Over the period of pretilachlor and fenclorim detoxification, decreases in starch content, partially counterbalanced by increases of free glucose, and decreases in total protein content were observed in pretilachlor-treated shoots; decreases in both starch and free glucose, as well as in total protein content, were observed in fenclorim -treated shoots compared with the untreated controls. The decreases in starch and total glucose appeared to be a direct consequence of reduced glucokinase and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase activity, and the decrease in total protein an indirect consequence of reduced glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase activity, in response to pretilachlor and fenclorim treatments.
Staurosporine induces the cell surface expression of both forms of human tumor necrosis factor receptors on myeloid and epithelial cells and modulates ligand-induced cellular response. (1994)

Staurosporine, an inhibitor of protein kinase C, is commonly used to inhibit the growth factor-induced signal transduction pathway at the post-receptor level. In this report, we examined the effect of staurosporine on the constitutive expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors in K562, a human erythroblastoid leukemic cell line. Exposure of these cells to staurosporine enhanced cell surface expression of TNF receptors by almost 7-fold in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Maximum induction occurred at a concentration of 20 nM of the agent for 16 h at 37 degrees C. Induction of the TNF receptor was found to be temperature-dependent. No induction was observed at 22 or at 4 degrees C, suggesting the role of cell metabolism. Scatchard analysis indicated an increase in receptor number without any change in receptor affinity. TNF receptors were induced by staurosporine on a wide variety of human cells of both epithelial (primarily p60 receptors) and myeloid (mainly p80 receptor) origin. Receptor-specific antibodies showed that both TNF receptors were induced. The induction was abolished by inhibitors of protein synthesis, thus suggesting the de novo synthesis of the receptor. Furthermore, we found that staurosporine had no effect on the internalization or shedding of the receptor, but it induced the mRNA for both forms of the TNF receptor. Inhibitors of tyrosine kinases had no effect on the induction of TNF receptors. Modulation of the receptor number by staurosporine correlated with the enhancement of antiproliferative effects of TNF against different tumor cells. Thus, overall these results indicate that protein kinase C may be involved in the signal transduction of TNF not only at the postreceptor level but also at the receptor level.
ChemInform Abstract: Trimethylsilyl Trichloroacetate as a Chloroform Alternative for the Synthesis of α‐(Trichloromethyl)‐3‐nitrobenzyl Alcohol. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
UV Laser Micromachining of Polymers for Microfluidic Applications (2002)

We have recently begun to explore the use of UV laser ablation micromachining to construct microfluidic devices in polymers. This technique can create microchannels rapidly and modify the resulting polymer surface in a single step. By ablating under different atmospheres, it is possible to alter both the surface chemistries and physical surface morphologies of the microchannels. We have employed electroosmotic flow measurements, chemical mapping, and optical microscopy to characterize the microfluidic devices. In addition, we have studied the parameters affecting the ablation, such as the laser wavelength, laser fluence, laser firing repetition rate, and the material being ablated.
Micro Weather Station (1999)

Improved in situ meteorological measurements in the troposphere and stratosphere are needed for studies of weather and climate, both as a primary data source and as validation for remote sensing instruments. Following the initial development and successful flight validation of the surface acoustic wave (SAW) hygrometer, the micro weather station program was directed toward the development of an integrated instrument, capable of accurate, in situ profiling of the troposphere, and small enough to fly on a radiosonde balloon for direct comparison with standard radiosondes. On April 23, 1998, working with Frank Schmidlin and Bob Olson of Wallops Island Flight Facility, we flew our instrument in a dual payload experiment, for validation and direct comparison with a Vaisala radiosonde. During that flight, the SAW dewpoint hygrometer measured frostpoint down to -76T at 44,000 feet. Using a laptop computer in radio contact with the balloon, we monitored data in real time, issued the cutdown command, and recovered the payload less than an hour after landing in White Sands Missile Range, 50 miles from the launch site in Hatch, New Mexico. Future flights will extend the intercomparison, and attempt to obtain in situ meteorological profiles from the surface through the tropopause. The SAW hygrometer was successfully deployed on the NASA DC8 as part of NASA's Third Convection and Moisture Experiment (CAMEX-3) during August and September, 1998. This field campaign was devoted to the study of hurricane tracking and intensification using NASA-funded aircraft. In situ humidity data from the SAW hygrometer are currently being analyzed and compared with data from other instruments on the DC8 and ER2 aircraft. Additional information is contained in the original.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Acyclic Nucleotide Analogues Derived from N‐Substituted 6‐ (1‐Aminoethyl)purines via 6‐Acetylpurine Derivatives. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
CHOROIDAL PERFUSION DELAY AND HYPERPERMEABILITY IN EXUDATIVE RETINAL DETACHMENT INDUCED BY PANRETINAL SCATTER PHOTOCOAGULATION (2007)

In Brief The authors present a case of exudative retinal detachment following a single session of panretinal photocoagulation and document associated choroidal circulatory disturbance and hyperpermeability using indocyanine green angiography. These angiographic findings provide mechanistic support for the described etiology of cilioretinal effusion following panretinal scatter photocoagulation.
Dependence of Electrode Ni Paste Properties on the Amount of Added BaTiO3 Powder. (2001)

We evaluated the characteristics of Ni paste used for the fabrication of internal electrodes of multilayer ceramic chip capacitors (MLCs). The effect of addition of BaTiO3 powders to Ni paste on green density and sintering characteristics of electrode films were also evaluated. A green density of electrode film increased monotonically with an increase in the amount of BaTiO3 powder and showed the maximum value, 5.4g/cm3, at 15mass% BaTiO3. The experimental result reversed that the added BaTiO3 particles were located into three pocket of Ni particles up to 15mass% BaTiO3. However, the addition of more BaTiO3 powder (20mass%) resulted in decrease in green density of electrode film. Because an excess addition of BaTiO3 powder may cause random packing of BaTiO3 and Ni particles in electrode films. From the measurement of shrinkage of electrode film, it was observed that the shrinkage of electrode film decreased with an increased in the amount of BaTiO3 powder. The electrode films with 20mass% BaTiO3 powder showed the same tendency as monolithic BaTiO3. The results indicated that an addition of BaTiO3 to Ni paste prevented a sintering of Ni particles. The similar results were observed from SEM observation on the surface of sintered electrode film.
Proposed system for a solid-state, tunable 2.5 TeraHertz laser (1996)

Research efforts two decades ago attempted to produce TeraHertz sources using all optical technology [1] - [4]. Many authors reported widely tunable THz generation using difference frequency generation, however, many of these early efforts were unable to achieve the output powers needed for a practical device. Since these early experiments, the state-of-the-art of both the solid-state laser industry and the nonlinear crystal industry have improved dramatically. In April 1996, Kawase et. al. reported successful generation of coherent tunable THz-waves using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser and a LiNbO 3 crystal [5]. To this authors knowledge, this was the first reporting of successful generation of TeraHertz waves using this method since 1976. However, the implementation that they chose can be significantly improved upon through a different choice of nonlinear crystal as well as with other techniques.
ChemInform Abstract: ACETALS OF LACTAMS AND AMIDES OF ACIDS. XXII. REACTION OF AMID‐ AND LACTAMACETALS WITH ENAMINO ESTERS. SYNTHESIS OF BENZENE, PYRIDINE, INDOLE, QUINOLINE, AND BENZAZEPINE DERIVATIVES (1978)

Abstract Die Enaminoester (I) und (VIII) lassen sich durch Erhitzen mit Amidacetalen (II) und Lactamacetalen (V) in toluolischer oder xylolischer Lösung unter Bildung von doppelt ungesättigten Verbindungen (III), (VI) und (IX) kondensieren.
Evaluation of likelihood functions for Gaussian signals (1965)

State variable techniques are used to derive new expressions for the likelihood function for Gaussian signals corrupted by additive Gaussian noise. The continuous time case is obtained as a limit of the discrete time case. The likelihood function is expressed in terms of the conditional expectation of the signal given only past and present observations, multipliers, and integrators (adders). Thus, the likelihood function can be generated in real time using a physically realizable system. Time-varying finite-dimensional Markov models are also discussed as they lead to a direct mechanization for the required conditional expectation. A simple example of a multipath communication system is discussed and an explicit mechanization indicated.
Protein Kinase A and Chromosomal Stability (2002)

All malignant human tumors contain chromosomal rearrangements. Among them, the majority of solid tumors show chromosomal instability, caused by aberrations in chromosomal segregation during cell division. Chromosomal instability, defined as increased probability of formation of novel chromosomal mutations compared to that of normal or control cells, appears to be a feature of tumorigenesis in vivo and in vitro (in cancer cell lines). Several enzymatic kinases are involved in maintaining proper chromosomal segregation and regulating cell cycle progression. One such kinase, cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), has a functional role in many aspects of cell signaling, metabolism, and proliferation. In this review, we will discuss the potential participation of PKA in chromosomal stability. This role includes the association of PKA with the centrosome, microtubules, and the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (ACP/C), all key aspects of proper chromosomal segregation.
GIT1 Mediates HDAC5 Activation by Angiotensin II in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (2008)

This study identifies a novel function for GIT1 as a mediator of Ang II-induced VSMC gene transcription via a Src-PLCgamma-CamK II-HDAC5 signaling pathway.
Room-temperature operation of VCSEL-pumped photonic crystal lasers (2002)

Room-temperature operation of two-dimensional photonic crystal lasers optically pumped by a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser emitting at 860 nm is reported. The photonic crystal membrane is surrounded by air on both sides and consists of four compressively strained quantum wells as the active region. The incident threshold pump power of an approximately 2.6-μm-diameter hexagonal defect cavity laser operating at 1.6 μm is 2.4 mW.
Molecular-dynamics study of oxygenated (100) diamond surfaces (1994)

Classical trajectory calculations were employed to study oxygenated (100) diamond surfaces. Atomic forces were computed from two types of potential energy functions, a quantum mechanical potential based on the semiempirical PM3 (parametric method number 3) Hamiltonian which was used to describe the central code core of the surface model and an empirically parametrized potential that was developed to extend the size of the model surface. The results indicate that the energetically most favorable structure of an oxygenated surface is a bridge oxygen monolayer. However, due to the effect of entropy, an on-top oxygen monolayer dominates at high temperatures. Surfaces saturated with oxygen molecules were found to be unstable even at room temperature and to convert to the on-top atomic oxygen structures. Reconstruction of the surface from a (1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) to a (2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) configuration was observed to take place when half of the CO was removed from the on-top oxygen monolayer.
Por qué enseñar los números racionales sin signo como operadores sobre magnitudes y no como fraccionarios (2012)

El presente articulo tiene como finalidad estudiar los operadores sobre magnitudes como la nocion que esta en la base de la construccion del numero racional sin signo y mostrar que la fraccion, que se ha ensenado tradicionalmente, produce dificultades que persisten hasta la edad adulta. Estas dificultades se explican porque la ensenanza de la relacion parte-todo conlleva implicitamente conceptos falsos y hace un uso inadecuado de palabras que son el origen de los obstaculos didacticos e impiden promover el salto conceptual entre el numero contador y el numero relator necesario para construir el significado del numero racional. A traves de la historia de la matematica se puede identificar que el concepto de numero racional sin signo tiene como invariante conceptual el operador sobre magnitudes del que se deriva la medida y la razon; su ensenanza no solo evita los obstaculos didacticos producidos por la fraccion sino que contribuye a construir el significado del numero natural racional.
Role of pumping statistics in laser dynamics: Quantum Langevin approach (1990)

We study in detail the influence of pumping statistics on the laser dynamics. We apply the technique of quantum Langevin operators and generalize the corresponding noise operators to incorporate the statistical properties of the pump mechanism. These equations are then used to derive expressions for the phase and intensity fluctuations of lasers with various pump statistics. We find that a reduction of pump noise can lead to a significant squeezing of the photon number noise below the shot-noise limit. This is in complete agreement with our previous analysis, which used a density-operator approach.
ALTERATIONS OF MOTOR NERVE FUNCTIONS IN ANIMALS EXPOSED TO MOTORCYCLE EXHAUST (2002)

The effect of motorcycle exhaust (ME) on the motor nerve was studied using animals exposed to the exhaust by inhalation, intratracheal, or intraperitoneal administration of ME particulate (MEP). A 4-wk ME inhalation and intratracheal instillation of MEP for 1 d in rats or intraperitoneal administration of MEP (0.5 g/kg/d for 1 d and 0.1 g/kg/d for 2 d) in mice significantly decreased both rota-rod performance and motor nerve conduction velocity. The effect of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the motor nerve was also investigated. Treatment with benzo[a]pyrene (0.05 and 0.1 g/kg/d for 3 d), but not pyrene (0.1 g/kg/d for 3 d), resulted in significant decrease of motor nerve conduction velocity in mice. Moreover, the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activities of sciatic nerves isolated from ME-, MEP-, or benzo[a]pyrene-exposed animals were decreased. Treatment with pyrene did not markedly affect the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity of sciatic nerve. The rats exposed to ME for 4 wk showed increases in blood and sciatic nerve manganese levels. Results indicate that motorcycle exhaust produces adverse effects on the motor nerve, which is associated with a fall in nerve Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity.
High‐Throughput Screening for Methionyl‐tRNA Synthetases That Enable Residue‐Specific Incorporation of Noncanonical Amino Acids into Recombinant Proteins in Bacterial Cells (2007)

Einfacher Einbau: Eine effiziente Methode zur Identifizierung von Mutanten-Methionyl-tRNA-Synthetasen (MetRS) wurde entwickelt, mit der nichtkanonische Aminosäuren global in rekombinante Proteine eingebaut werden können. Mithilfe dieser Methode wurde eine MetRS-Variante identifiziert, die den nahezu quantitativen Ersatz von Methionin durch 6,6,6-Trifluornorleucin ermöglicht (siehe Schema).
The Value of Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Evaluation of Endocochlear Disease (2002)

Our experience suggests that GdMRI plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of cochlear pathology associated with sensorineural hearing loss and may directly impact patient management.
Relationship of Src activity and prior oxaliplatin on outcomes after hepatectomy for metastatic colorectal cancer. (2012)

3561 Background: The nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Src regulates pathways critical to tumor proliferation, chemoresistance, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. In vitro, Src is activated after acute oxaliplatin exposure and in acquired oxaliplatin resistance, but not after 5-FU alone. Activation of Src and its substrate FAK in metastatic colorectal cancer treated with oxaliplatin has not been studied in human specimens. Methods: Samples from 170 hepatic resections from two cohorts of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer were examined by IHC for expression of activated Src (pSrc) and FAK (total and pFAK). In the first cohort (n=50), tissue was collected at consecutive hepatic resections before and after oxaliplatin. Patients in the second cohort (n=120) were compared based on whether or not oxaliplatin was administered after resection. IHC was graded semi-quantitatively, 0 to 4 based on intensity (first cohort), and by automated image analysis (second cohort). Results: In the first cohort, pFAK expression increased after oxaliplatin exposure (mean IHC score 2.04 vs. 1.18, p<0.01). In the second cohort, Src activation was correlated with pFAK expression (p<0.01). Patients pretreated with oxaliplatin demonstrated increased expression of activated FAK (p=0.02) compared to 5-FU alone or irinotecan regimens. There was a weak association between total Src expression and the number of oxaliplatin cycles (p=0.06). Among patients in the second cohort, five-year relapse-free survival was inversely related to levels of pFAK (21.1%, 16.5%, and 7.4% for low, medium, and high levels of pFAK, respectively; p=0.02) and of pSrc (19.6%, 13.6%, and 8.2% for low, medium, and high levels of pSrc, respectively; p= 0.01). Conclusions: Patients treated with neoadjuvant oxaliplatin demonstrated increased Src signaling in liver metastases, a finding associated with worse relapse-free survival. These results are consistent with prior in vitro studies correlating oxaliplatin exposure with Src pathway activation and support the idea that inhibition of Src, when used in combination with platinum chemotherapy, warrants further investigation in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
Choroidal blood flow during isometric exercises. (1997)

Previous studies have demonstrated that during isometric exercise, blood pressures in the ophthalmic and brachial arteries rise in parallel. These observations and the current results indicate that an increase in PPm up to 67% induces an increase in choroidal vascular resistance that limits the increase in choroidal blood flow to approximately 12%. This regulatory process fails when PPm is further increased.