gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
History of Spanish Painting (1930)

AbstractDuring the present season books on art and related topics have included a number of considerable interest and a few which are of abiding importance. At least one of the works, A History of Spanish Painting, by Chandler Rathfon Post, is a solid and much-needed survey. Classical Sculpture, by A. W. Lawrence is a thorough and broad treatment of a fundamental theme. Books on the theory or philosophy and criticism of art have appeared, different enough in their approach to show that the subject is attracting increasing attention on the part of scholars and lovers of art. The volumes recently published by Prall. Richards, Ducasse, and Buck indicate the searching attention now being devoted to rational explanation of the fine arts.
Extraordinarily wide-view and high-transmittance vertically aligned liquid crystal displays (2007)

A compensation method that uses uniaxial films is developed for widening the viewing angle of the high-transmittance multidomain vertical-alignment liquid crystal display (MVA-LCD). Based on this design, the high-transmittance MVA-LCD is predicted to have a complete 80° viewing cone for contrast ratio (CR)&gt;100:1. Experimental results indicate that the real high-transmittance MVA-LCD panel has a viewing angle more than the entire 80° viewing cone for CR&gt;30:1. Potential application as a mobile display is emphasized.
Substrate Limitation of Bacterial Growth at Meat Surfaces (1976)

Utilization of the low molecular weight, soluble components of meat by an anaerobic and an aerobic spoilage bacterium was examined. During growth of the anaerobe in a meat juice medium, the only substance utilized in detectable amounts was glucose. The growth of the bacterium on the surface of meat was limited by the rate of diffusion of fermentable substrates from within the meat to the surface. The aerobe utilized amino acids and lactic acid when glucose was exhausted. The growth of the bacterium on the surface of meat was not limited by substrate availability or by the increased pH at the surface resulting from degradation of amino acids.
Polyurethane Foams Loaded with Carbon Nanofibers for Oil Spill Recovery: Mechanical Properties under Fatigue Conditions and Selective Absorption in Oil/Water Mixtures (2021)

Marine pollution due to spillage of hydrocarbons represents a well-known current environmental problem. In order to recover the otherwise wasted oils and to prevent pollution damage, polyurethane foams are considered suitable materials for their ability to separate oils from sea-water and for their reusability. In this work we studied polyurethane foams filled with carbon nanofibers, in varying amounts, aimed at enhancing the selectivity of the material towards the oils and at improving the mechanical durability of the foam. Polyurethane-based foams were experimentally characterized by morphological, surface, and mechanical analyses (optical microscopy observation, contact angle measurement, absorption test according to ASTM F726-99 standard and compression fatigue tests according to ISO 24999 standard). Results indicated an increase in hydrophobic behavior and a good oleophilic character of the composite sponges besides an improved selective absorption of the foam toward oils in mixed water/oil media. The optimal filler amount was found to be around 1 wt% for the homogeneous distribution inside the polymeric foam. Finally, the fatigue test results showed an improvement of the mechanical properties of the foam with the growing carbon filler amount.
The Indigenization of Methodology(Revisited) (2003)

The concept of indigenization has affinities with naturalism, functionalism, contextualism, and operantcy, and in general refers to a commitment to view the world from the standpoint of the participant. A Q sample is constructed from an article that summarizes the main points in the indigenization debate in Korea, and Q sorts from 30 participants result in five factors, one of them bipolar. The Pro-West factor advocates a universal, positivistic science, and the Anti- West pole of the factor denies the applicability of foreign ideas to the Korean context; the Synthesizers seek to master modem scientific principles and procedures, but modified for local applications; a split between the social and physical sciences is preferred by a factor promoting the Two Worlds of Science; the Culture-Bound emphasize the embeddedness of scientists but accept science as a way to overcome restrictions; and the Experientialists accept local experience as the starting point of science, but hold out for theories and concepts which are abstracted from that experience. Discussion focuses on the primacy of operantcy over indigenization, and to the efficiency of research enterprises based on operations.
Microwave imaging using the finite-element method and a sensitivity analysis approach (1999)

A method for reconstructing the constitutive parameters of two-dimensional (2-D) penetrable scatterers from scattered field measurements is presented. This method is based on the differential formulation of the forward scattering problem, which is solved by applying the finite-element method (FEM). Given a set of scattered field measurements, the objective is to minimize a cost function which consists of two terms. The first is the standard error term, which is related to the measurements and their estimates, while the second term, which is related to the Tikhonov regularization, is used to heal the ill posedness of the inverse problem. The iterative Polak-Ribière nonlinear conjugate gradient algorithm is applied to the minimization of the cost function. During each iteration of the algorithm, the direction of correction is computed by using a sensitivity analysis approach, which is carried out by an elaborate finite-element scheme. The adoption of the finite-element method results in sparse systems of equations, while the computational burden is further reduced by applying the adjoint state vector methodology. Finally, a microwave medical imaging application, which is related to the detection of proliferated bone marrow, is examined, while the robustness of the proposed technique in the presence of noise and for different regularization levels is investigated.
The Backscattering and Extinction of Visible and Infrared Radiation by Selected Major Cloud Models (1967)

Volume backscattering functions and optical extinction coefficients are computed for eight suggested major cloud models using the Mie theory for optical wavelengths of 0.488 micro, 0.694 micro, 1.06 micro, 4.0 micro, and 10.6 micro. Results show that there is no clear advantage of one wavelength over another for improving cloud transmission; however, backscattering is significantly reduced at the longer wavelengths. Variations in the optical properties of clouds are also discussed and calculations summarized to indicate the effects of cloud thickness, inhomogeneity, and geographical location on the backscatter function and extinction coefficient.
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (2001)

Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is an autosomal dominant disorder of late onset that commonly presents with ptosis and dysphagia. The genetic basis of the condition has been identified recently as a stable trinucleotide repeat expansion in exon 1 of the poly(A) binding protein 2 gene (PABP2), in which (GCG)6 is the normal repeat length. The prevalence of OPMD is greatest in patients of French-Canadian origin. It is not clear if expansion repeat length is a reliable test in other populations. In this study, we analysed the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of 31 patients with OPMD in the UK. Ptosis was the first reported symptom in two-thirds of the patients, and half of the subjects studied had evidence of ophthalmoplegia. All but one family had a pathological expansion in the PABP2 gene, ranging from (GCG)8 to (GCG)13. In contrast to the French-Canadian population, (GCG)10 was almost as common as (GCG)9, evidence against a strong founder effect in the UK population. There was a weak association between repeat length and age of disease onset. Patients with longer repeat lengths, such as (GCG)13, developed severe limb weakness early in the disease. We were unable to detect the (GCG)7 polymorphism in over 200 normal controls, suggesting that the frequency of this expansion is lower than that found in the French-Canadian population. One family was negative for the expansion. Affected members presented with the classical features of OPMD, namely ptosis, dysphagia and cytoplasmic inclusions on muscle biopsy, although with some atypical features, such as early age of onset, high serum levels of creatine kinase and a profound ophthalmoplegia. This family is an example of a GCG expansion-negative oculopharyngeal syndrome requiring further genetic investigation. We conclude that PABP2 analysis is a reliable non-invasive diagnostic test for OPMD in the UK population.
The uptake, retention, and release of ammonium by reef corals 1 (1978)

Of several genera tested, only those Pacific reef corals symbiotic with zooxanthellae take up and retain ammonium. Uptake and retention are enhanced by light, and the normal daylight period is sufficient to sustain ammonium retention during the night. Ammonium uptake kinetics for several species indicate that a two‐process mechanism may be involved. If a correction is made for diffusion, uptake kinetics can be characterized by the Michaelis‐Menten equation.
<title>How to improve MEBES-III Write times by improving your MEBES-III directory management discipline, enabled by high-speed networking software</title> (1995)

At many sites, MEBES disk files are not optimally accessed during MEBES Write because the disk directories are not optimally managed by the MEBES operator. Many people are not aware that this can add minutes or hours to MEBES Write times. This is especially important to photomask shops which are operating their MEBES' at capacity, and to shops where delivery is constrained by turnaround time. The problem is due to disk fragmentation on the MEBES disks, and the unavailability of an easy solution. Disk fragmentation can be controlled by deleting files in a certain way, keeping the MEBES disks nearly empty. This approach requires a fast enough network such that Just-In-Time file transfer does not slow production, and the incentive and discipline to keep the disks nearly empty. ABNET<SUP>TM</SUP> data delivery to MEBESNET<SUP>TM</SUP> and Write-From-Link<SUP>TM</SUP> has been available for years, hosted by slower Vaxs and SUN Sparc-IIs. It is the advent of faster host computers (Vax 4000 series, SUN SPARC 20, etc.) which has created fast enough network transfer. The incentive to improve throughput is provided by running the MEBES at capacity. The paper describes the mechanism and methods of disk defragmentation, and procedures to automate the discipline.
Protein and glycolipid components of human erythrocyte membranes (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProtein and glycolipid components of human erythrocyte membranesJohn LenardCite this: Biochemistry 1970, 9, 5, 1129–1132Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00807a012https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00807a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views293Altmetric-Citations216LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Biweekly gemcitabine (GEM) in combination with erlotinib (ERL): an active and convenient regimen for advanced pancreatic cancer. (2009)

The biweekly regimen of gemcitabine plus erlotinib has similar toxicity and efficacy to weekly administration, presenting both patients and hospital resource departments with a clearly more convenient therapy alternative.
Update-by-dialogue (1977)

In recent years a great deal of work has been devoted to the design of interactive database query systems suitable for 'end users'. By contrast, there appears to be little comparable work on interactive facilities for database modification. This is surprising for two reasons. Firstly, update operations are of great practical significance. Users of transaction processing systems often spend a greater proportion of their time modifying a database than retrieving information from it. Secondly, update is a hard problem. It is vital to safeguard database consistency, and that implies a thorough understanding of the semantics of the data in question. A quick glance at the facilities for maintaining consistency in many current database management systems is enough to demonstrate that this is not a trivial matter.This paper describes an interactive approach to database modification which exposes the semantic problems and overcomes them. Four conceptually simple update operations - insert, delete, change and copy-are formulated in terms of a model of database consisting of entity sets and mappings. These operations lead naturally to the idea of update-by-dialogue: a system in which each of them is implemented as an interactive dialogue. The user is guided in each operation, relieving him of the burden of remembering how the database is structured and also avoiding the effects of negligence. Furthermore, the dialogues are driven from a stored description of the database structure and thus are completely general. They can be applied to any database and are even immune to changes in the database structure.
The disintegration of boron into three α-particles (1936)

Abstract The first experiments upon the disintegration of boron under proton bombardment were made by Cockcroft and Walton who reported the emission of α-particles of range about 3.5 cm. Their subsequent researches, together with those of Oliphant and Rutherford, and of Kirchner, proved that the products of this bombardment, unlike those of practically all other transmutation experiments, were not homogeneous in energy, but consisted of a continuous distribution of α-particles with a maximum range of 4.7 cm. The most natural assumption which could be made to interpret these results was that the boron nucleus disintegrated in the manner 115B + 11H → 42He + 42He + 42He (1) this transmutation differing from the usual type in that three instead of two particles were emitted. It was natural to anticipate that the detailed study of a nuclear disintegration into three particles would present great difficulties both in experimental investigation and in the theoretical interpretation of the results. A satisfactory value for the energy liberated in this process could not be derived from the experimental data until quite recently, while even the main features of the distribution of energy among the products have not yet been explained. For a long time the only satisfactory experimental evidence that the disintegration was in the manner postulated lay in the observed inhomogeneity of the products. Much of our work, therefore, has been to obtain direct verification of this hypothesis. The mechanism of disintegration of a nucleus into three particles is a problem of which practically nothing is known and it was hoped that a systematic study of the cloud track photographs of such a process might lead to interesting results.
Consulting for Positive Change (1994)

Outlines a new training programme for quality managers, to help them develop consultancy skills. The programme focuses on implementation of a quality plan within an organization.
The Specter of Salem in American Culture (2003)

On a blistering July day in 1692, a condemned woman stood under the gallows in Salem, Massachusetts. As she awaited the hangman, her minister urged her to seize her last moments on earth to confess to witchcraft. In desperation she cried out her innocence: “I am no more a witch than you are a wizard, and if you take away my life, God will give you blood to drink!” Sarah Good's anguished protest against her fate echoes through the centuries as the story of Salem witchcraft continues to haunt the American imagination. No other historical event has provided such a wide range of scholars, dramatists, fiction writers, and amateur sleuths with a subject that so stubbornly resists a satisfying conclusion. Less than a year passed from the first accusations of witchcraft to the last, but those few months of accusations, confessions, denials, trials, and executions have spawned a seemingly endless...
Estimated Viscosities and Thermal Conductivities of Gases at High Temperatures (1962)

Viscosities and thermal conductivities, suitable for heat-transfer calculations, were estimated for about 200 gases in the ground state from 100 to 5000 K and 1-atmosphere pressure. Free radicals were included, but excited states and ions were not. Calculations for the transport coefficients were based upon the Lennard-Jones (12-6) potential for all gases. This potential was selected because: (1) It is one of the most realistic models available and (2) intermolecular force constants can be estimated from physical properties or by other techniques when experimental data are not available; such methods for estimating force constants are not as readily available for other potentials. When experimental viscosity data were available, they were used to obtain the force constants; otherwise the constants were estimated. These constants were then used to calculate both the viscosities and thermal conductivities tabulated in this report. For thermal conductivities of polyatomic gases an Eucken-type correction was made to correct for exchange between internal and translational energies. Though this correction may be rather poor at low temperatures, it becomes more satisfactory with increasing temperature. It was not possible to obtain force constants from experimental thermal conductivity data except for the inert atoms, because most conductivity data are available at low temperatures only (200 to 400 K), the temperature range where the Eucken correction is probably most in error. However, if the same set of force constants is used for both viscosity and thermal conductivity, there is a large degree of cancellation of error when these properties are used in heat-transfer equations such as the Dittus-Boelter equation. It is therefore concluded that the properties tabulated in this report are suitable for heat-transfer calculations of gaseous systems.
The <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Leu3 Protein Activates Expression of <i>GDH1</i> , a Key Gene in Nitrogen Assimilation (1995)

The Leu3 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been shown to be a transcriptional regulator of genes encoding enzymes of the branched-chain amino acid biosynthetic pathways. Leu3 binds to upstream activating sequences (UASLEU) found in the promoters of LEU1, LEU2, LEU4, ILV2, and ILV5. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that activation by Leu3 requires the presence of alpha-isopropylmalate. In at least one case (LEU2), Leu3 actually represses basal-level transcription when alpha-isopropylmalate is absent. Following identification of a UASLEU-homologous sequence in the promoter of GDH1, the gene encoding NADP(+)-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase, we demonstrate that Leu3 specifically interacts with this UASLEU element. We then show that Leu3 is required for full activation of the GDH1 gene. First, the expression of a GDH1-lacZ fusion gene is three- to sixfold lower in a strain lacking the LEU3 gene than in an isogenic LEU3+ strain. Expression is restored to near-normal levels when the leu3 deletion cells are transformed with a LEU3-bearing plasmid. Second, a significant decrease in GDH1-lacZ expression is also seen when the UASLEU of the GDH1-lacZ construct is made nonfunctional by mutation. Third, the steady-state level of GDH1 mRNA decreases about threefold in leu3 null cells. The decrease in GDH1 expression in leu3 null cells is reflected in a diminished specific activity of NADP(+)-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase. We also demonstrate that the level of GDH1-lacZ expression correlates with the cells' ability to generate alpha-isopropylmalate and is lowest in cells unable to produce alpha-isopropylmalate. We conclude that GDH1, which plays an important role in the assimilation of ammonia in yeast cells, is, in part, activated by a Leu3-alpha-isopropylmalate complex. This conclusion suggests that Leu3 participates in transcriptional regulation beyond the branched-chain amino acid biosynthetic pathways.
Imagewise Deformation and Color Change of Liquid Crystals in Electric Fields (1969)

Liquid crystals can be used in deformation imaging. In addition, unique color changes can be produced in suitable cholesteric liquid crystals. This paper describes two processes involving imagewise deformation and color change of liquid crystal films. The first process is due to electrophoretic action in electric fields and the second to uv induced effects. The anomalous optical properties of liquid crystals are discussed in terms of a physical model which also provides a basis for understanding the mechanism responsible for the color change associated with deformations.
The antithrombic drugs in clinical practice. (1983)

The rational use of antithrombic drugs centres on the fundamental differences in the pathogenesis of arterial or venous thrombosis. The major role of platelets in the development of occlusion in arteries contrasts with prominent fibrin deposition in the slower moving venous blood. Logically, antiplatelet agents are used to treat patients at high risk from arterial disease and anticoagulants for those with venous thrombo-embolism. These sound theoretical principles have been linked to steady improvement in diagnostic techniques, and there now exists an extensive literature on available drugs and their clinical evaluation. It is therefore surprising how little agreement exists on the practical use of the antithrombic drugs. In patients with coronary artery disease, secondary prevention of myocardial infarction is favourably influenced by administration of aspirin, dipyridamole or sulphinpyrazone. However, differences are not statistically significant so that confident recommendations for their use cannot yet be made. In mitral valve disease, anticoagulants are effective in reducing systemic thrombo-embolism; in patients with cardiac prostheses, dipyridamole should be added. In the cerebral circulation, vertebrobasilar and carotid ischaemia need to be distinguished and suitable lesions surgically corrected. Patients not undergoing endarterectomy are divided into two groups. In those with symptoms stable for more than 3 months, aspirin alone is sufficient; patients with recent deterioration or a shorter history are best treated with conventional anticoagulants followed by the addition of aspirin. In venous thrombo-embolic disease, heparin prophylaxis should be combined with reversal of identifiable risk factors. In treating the acute event, anticoagulation, with or without preceding thrombolytic therapy, is preferred. In addition, the clinician must select an antithrombic regimen o take into account the possibility of drug interaction, the need for and feasibility of laboratory monitoring, and the total number of medicines prescribed for the patient. Failure to restrict tablets to manageable numbers will lead to poor compliance and unpredictable therapeutic response.