gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulation by flavonoids of cell multidrug resistance mediated by P-glycoprotein and related ABC transporters. (2002)

Cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy is often mediated by overexpression of P-glycoprotein, a plasma membrane ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporter which extrudes cytotoxic drugs at the expense of ATP hydrolysis. P-glycoprotein (ABCB1, according to the human gene nomenclature committee) consists of two homologous halves each containing a transmembrane domain (TMD) involved in drug binding and efflux, and a cytosolic nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) involved in ATP binding and hydrolysis, with an overall (TMD-NBD)2 domain topology. Homologous ABC multidrug transporters, from the same ABCB family, are found in many species such as Plasmodiumfalciparum and Leishmania spp. protozoa, where they induce resistance to antiparasitic drugs. In yeasts, some ABC transporters involved in resistance to fungicides, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pdr5p and Snq2p, display a different (NBD-TMD)2 domain topology and are classified in another family, ABCG. Much effort has been spent to modulate multidrug resistance in the different species by using specific inhibitors, but generally with little success due to additional cellular targets and/or extrusion of the potential inhibitors. This review shows that due to similarities in function and maybe in three-dimensional organization of the different transporters, common potential modulators have been found. An in vitro 'rational screening' was performed among the large flavonoid family using a four-step procedure: (i) direct binding to purified recombinant cytosolic NBD and/or full-length transporter, (ii) inhibition of ATP hydrolysis and energy-dependent drug interaction with transporter-enriched membranes, (iii) inhibition of cell transporter activity monitored by flow cytometry and (iv) chemosensitization of cell growth. The results indicate that prenylated flavonoids bind with high affinity, and strongly inhibit drug interaction and nucleotide hydrolysis. As such, they constitute promising potential modulators of multidrug resistance.
Pediatric Donation After Circulatory Determination of Death (2016)

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the published literature related to pediatric donation after circulatory determination of death. In addition to informing the development of pediatric-specific guidelines, this review serves to highlight several important knowledge gaps in this topic.
Global transcriptional landscape and promoter mapping of the gut commensal Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 (2017)

The present study allowed us to identify genes and operons that are actively transcribed in this organism during logarithmic growth, and link promoter elements with levels of transcription of essential genes in this organism. As homologs of many of our identified genes are present across the whole genus Bifidobacterium, our dataset constitutes a transcriptomic reference to be used for future investigations of gene expression in members of this genus.
Substitution in Ce2TSi3 intermetallic compositions with T = (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, or Ni) (Pd or Au)1− (1997)

Alloys of composition Ce2(3d/T)Si3, with 3d one of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co or Ni and T being Pd or Au, were prepared and examined by powder X-ray diffraction. Select single phase compositions were further examined by magnetic susceptibility, by resistivity for the Pd and Co end-members, and by specific heat for Ce2CoSi3. For compounds not containing cobalt, effective cerium moments consistent with trivalent cerium were observed. A re-examination of the AlB2 related structure of Ce2CoSi3 by single crystal methods revealed ordering of cobalt within the CoSi3 hexagonal layer. Magnetic susceptibility, resistance and specific heat measurements suggest valence fluctuation behavior of the cerium in Ce2CoSi3. A return to trivalent cerium magnetic behavior occurs on increasing the palladium or gold substitution for cobalt.
Using Radar Cross-Section to Enhance Situational Awareness Tools for Airport Avian Radars (2011)

Digital avian radars can track bird movements continuously in the vicinity of airports without interruption. The result is a wealth of bird-track data that can be used in mitigation efforts to reduce bird strikes on and near airfields. To make the sheer volume of bird track data generated by digital avian radars accessible to users, we developed tools to transform these data into analytical and visualization products to improve situational awareness for wildlife and airfield personnel. In addition to the parameters traditionally associated with radar tracking (latitude, longitude, altitude, speed, and heading), we have implemented a procedure to estimate the radar cross-section (RCS) of a target, which is related to its size or mass. This additional information can provide wildlife and airfield managers with the knowledge they need to prioritize their efforts to deal with the greatest hazards first.
PREVALENCE OF AIDS-ASSOCIATED RETROVIRUS AND ANTIBODIES AMONG MALE HOMOSEXUALS AT RISK FOR AIDS IN GREENWICH VILLAGE (1983)

LAV/HTLV-III has been closely linked to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We have studied and correlated the prevalence of AIDS-associated retrovirus and retroviral antibodies in several groups of male homosexuals from Greenwich Village. Retrovirus was detected in cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes by testing for reverse transcriptase (RT) and confirmed by establishment of virus-producer cell lines, and electron microscopy. Seventy-six percent of patients with AIDS, 93% with AIDS-related complex (ARC), 69% with generalized lymphadenopathy (LAS), and 35% of asymptomatic homosexuals were positive for virus in the RT assay. Transmission of the virus from RT-positive lymphocytes into the CEM cell line was successful in 10 of 11 randomly chosen cases. No virus isolates were obtained from lymphocytes of 8 heterosexual individuals. Serum antibodies against AIDS-associated virus were detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay and confirmed by Western blotting, using an LAV/HTLV-III-producer cell line, LAV-N1, which we established. LAV/N1 virus was purified by ultracentrifugation through sucrose gradient and the pattern of its proteins was determined by SDS-gel electrophoresis and Western blotting using sera from an AIDS patient. The major polypeptides of LAV/HTLV-III (19, 25-27, 32, 42 and 54 kilodalton) were present. These proteins did not react in Western blots with sera positive for Adult T cell leukemia virus (ATLV). thus, LAV-N1 and ATLV were not antigenically related. In our assay for LAV/HTLV-III antibodies, 18 (100%) of patients with AIDS, 13 (100%) of patients with ARC, 24 (69%) of 35 patients with LAS and 9 (39%) of 23 asymptomatic homosexuals were sero-positive. Heterosexual controls were negative. All IF-positive sera tested by Western blot contained antibodies against specific viral proteins. High titers (greater than or equal to 1:1280) of serum antibodies against LAV/HTLV-III virus were detected in 71% of AIDS patients, 62% with ARC, 38% LAS and 13% among asymptomatic homosexuals. Our data show that the presence of LAV/HTLV-III antibodies correlates with the presence of infectious virus. Antibody titers may also correlate with progression toward AIDS.
Charge accumulation characteristics of fluorine insulating materials under electron beam irradiation (2017)

Insulating materials are frequently used in spacecraft's structure and especially as thermal blanket which are protecting the electronic devices. Their behavior in relation to an electron beam irradiation due to space environment must be clearly elucidate. For example, when the electron beam is irradiated to the material, it charged up and a large electric potential difference generate between the charged and uncharged surfaces. If the difference in potential becomes very large, a discharge sometimes occurs between them. Such discharge is very harmful for the spacecraft. Therefore, at designing stage of spacecraft, it is important to understand the charging characteristics of the surface material of the spacecraft. In this paper, we focused on the charge accumulation in the materials under an irradiation of high energy electron beam. In the experiments, some fluorine materials are used which are ordinary used for the spacecraft. Judging from the measurement results, it was found that the amounts of accumulated electrons gradually decreased ever during an electron beam irradiation. In addition, we tried to explain for this phenomenon using an idea of RIC (Radiation Induced Conductivity).
Effect of Computed Tomography Scanning Parameters on Gold Nanoparticle and Iodine Contrast (2012)

Water with a bone simulant is a preferable environment for evaluating novel cardiac CT contrast agents. Relative iodine-CA versus gold-NP contrast is dependent on the scanning conditions used. Optimal scanning conditions for gold-NP will likely use an x-ray tube voltage of 120 kV.
Caracterisation, chez staphylococcus aureus, d'elements genetiques mobiles et analyse des remaniements induits par ces elements (1995)

L'analyse du support genetique de la resistance aux aminosides (neomycine, streptomycine) a permis la caracterisation, dans le chromosome d'une souche francaise de staphylococcus aureus multiresistante aux antibiotiques de deux transposons tn5404 et tn5405, le premier incluant le second. Tn5404 est un transposon de classe ii dont la structure est apparentee a celle du transposon tn552, isole chez s. Aureus. Les similitudes structurales observees entre ces deux transposons concernent les sequences terminales inversees repetees, le site de resolution resl et les genes impliques dans la transposition. Tn5404 se distingue de tn552 par l'absence des genes codant pour resistance a la penicilline et par la presence dans sa region centrale d'un transposon composite de classe i, designe tn5405. Tn5405 est delimite par deux copies d'une sequence d'insertion appelee is1182. L'une de ces deux copies contient une seconde sequence d'insertion designee is1181. Tn5405 porte dans sa region centrale les genes aade, sat4 et apha-3 qui conferent respectivement la resistance a la streptomycine, a la streptothricine et a la neomycine. Le transposon tn5404 a ete isole a la suite de sa transposition du chromosome vers un plasmide de 23 kb qui confere la resistance a la penicilline. Le site d'insertion de tn5404 a ete localise a proximite du site de resolution resr, d'un gene codant pour une resolvase binr et des genes bla conferant la resistance a la penicilline. L'insertion de tn5404 dans cette region de pip1066 a permis la formation d'un segment capable de s'inverse qui se situe a la jonction du transposon tn5404 avec le plasmide. L'inversion du segment permet la formation alternative de deux transposons (tn5404, tn552). La presence chez s. Aureus d'un plasmide (pip1066) favorisant l'insertion et la formation in vivo de transposons contribue probablement a la dissemination des genes de resistance aux antibiotiques
An Update on Road Traffic Injuries in Malaysia (1997)

The incidence of road traffic injuries has increased over the last two decades. Of greater concern is the prediction that the problem is likely to increase further, given present trends in transportation. Injuries and not "accidents" need to be the focus of the health sector. Passive strategies, which are independent of human behavior, are more likely to succeed in the prevention of injuries compared to ''active' strategies. The health sector needs to play a bigger role in prevention through advocacy, research and education of target groups.
Antimicrobial Activity of Vaccinium macrocarpon (Cranberry) Produced Proanthocyanidin (PAC) on the Growth and Adhesion Properties of Staphylococcus aureus (2004)

Cranberries have long been used by lay people to relieve the symptoms of urinary tract infections. Recent research has determined that the component of cranberry called proanthocyanidin (PAC) is the primary mechanism for inhibiting P-fimbriated E.coli adhesion to uroepithelial cells in vitro. A series of experiments were performed to determine the effects of PAC on growth and adhesion of uropathogenic E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus to urinary catheter material. The results showed that PAC-inhibited binding of Gram positive S. aureus to collagen coated surfaces and significantly decreased the growth of these bacteria. P-fimbriated E.coli did not bind well to the biomaterial and their growth was unaffected by the cranberry extract with the exception of some loss in viability at 1000 μg/mL after 5 to 18 hours of exposure. This is the first report of the potential for cranberries to interfere with the adhesion and growth of S. aureus, a multi-drug resistant organisms responsible for morbidity and mortality especially in hospitalized patients.
Stoichiometry dependence of the Raman spectrum of alkali-doped single-wall carbon nanotubes (2001)

Li-doped films with controlled stoichiometries were prepared by performing redox reactions between single-wall carbon nanotubes thin films and solutions of organic radical anions. A monotonic upshift of the tangential modes is evidenced for ${\mathrm{Li}}_{x}\mathrm{C}$ compounds $(0<~x<~0.17).$ A similar doping dependence of the Raman profile is observed for vapor-phase Rb-doped samples. This universal behavior of the doping-induced upshift of the tangential modes is concomitant to a loss of absorption bands in the optical spectra and to a monotonic increase of the conductivity.
Three Fast Ways of Measuring Receiver Sensitivity in a Reverberation Chamber (2008)

The traditional way of evaluating receiver sensitivity is to measure the Total Isotropic Sensitivity (TIS) in an anechoic environment. Very few wireless terminals with small antennas are used in an anechoic environment. This paper will describe three alternative methods to measure the receiver sensitivity in a reverberation chamber, each of which can be done in less than 10 minutes which is much faster than measurements in anechoic chamber. The fastest method is the average fading sensitivity AFS that in contrast to TIS also be used to measure receiver sensitivity of multi antenna terminals for antenna systems with diversity and MIMO capability. The paper includes the first published TIS and AFS results for WCDMA terminals obtained in a reverberation chamber. The agreement to TIS measurements in anechoic chambers is shown to be good.
The Triangular Voltage Sweep Method for Determining Double-Layer Capacity of Porous Electrodes (1974)

The effects of faradaic current and distributed capacity on the measurement of double‐layer capacity of porous nickel were analyzed as a function of electrode thickness and temperature. Faradaic current observed with electrodes at −46°C was negligible compared to results obtained at 22°C. Distributed capacity effects increased with electrode thickness and with decreasing temperature; the results agreed well with values predicted from a previously developed model. In the potential range of 0 to , the capacity based on the BET area of the electrode was about 30 µF/cm2.
Evaluation of surface preparation methods for glass (2001)

In this study, methods of surface preparation by polishing, fiber-drawing, melt-casting and chemical etching were evaluated with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) for a variety of alkali and alkaline earth aluminosilicate glasses. Freshly polished glass surfaces were exposed to a variety of chemical etchants (NaOH, NH4OH and HF) and the resulting surface composition and morphology are reported. The polishing and etching parameters were optimized to obtain a smooth surface (root-mean-square (RMS) roughness of ≤3 nm) and a surface composition as close as possible to the bulk composition. In addition, glass melt and fiber surfaces were examined to investigate the effect of thermal processes on surface composition and morphology. It is shown that polishing can alter the surface composition of these multicomponent glasses, and that post-etching of the polished surface to expose the bulk composition is plagued by preferential leaching, contamination and/or roughening. The most significant conclusion is that there is a strong dependence of these surface compositional modifications upon the specific glass; even within specific glass systems, the polish/etch procedure must be modified to yield a surface with the bulk composition. On the other hand, the smoothness of fibers and melt-cast surfaces is ideally suited to AFM and depth profiling; their surface compositions can be close to the bulk values, but careful attention to the annealing conditions is required to achieve this. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Total Synthesis of (±)-lsonitrin B (Deoxytrichoviridin) (1989)

The total synthesis of (±)-isonitrin B (5; deoxytrichoviridin) is presented. The carbon framework is readily constructed using a [4 + 2] cycloaddition between 1-acetylcyclopentadiene (11) and the acyl-nitroso dienophile 16. Novel methods for the preparation of vinyl formamides from thiooximes under very mild conditions and their subsequent dehydration to give vinyl isonitriles are outlined in the synthesis. The first ever synthesis of unsubstituted epoxy isonitriles is also described. 1. Introduction 2. Synthesis of the Carbon Skeleton 3. Preparation of Vinyl Formamides and Vinyl Isonitriles. New Synthetic Methods 4. The Synthesis of Epoxy Isonitriles
Building a better sphingosine kinase-1 inhibitor (2012)

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is currently one of the most intensely studied lipid mediators. Interest in S1P has been propelled by the development of fingolimod, an S1P receptor agonist prodrug, which revealed both a theretofore unsuspected role of S1P in lymphocyte trafficking and that such modulation of the immune system achieves therapeutic benefit in multiple sclerosis patients. S1P is synthesized from sphingosine by two SphKs (sphingosine kinases) (SphK1 and SphK2). Manipulation of SphK levels using molecular biology and mouse genetic tools has implicated these enzymes, particularly SphK1, in a variety of pathological processes such as fibrosis, inflammation and cancer progression. The results of such studies have spurred interest in SphK1 as a drug target. In this issue of the Biochemical Journal, Schnute et al. describe a small molecule inhibitor of SphK1 that is both potent and selective. Such chemical tools are essential to learn whether targeting S1P signalling at the level of synthesis is a viable therapeutic strategy.
Component parts extraction from assembly drawings for content based retrieval (2005)

This paper provides a method for component parts extraction from assembly drawings for content based retrieval. With the assistance of the frame lines in an assembly drawing, the drawing is divided into small regions, which at the same time are identified as text or non-text regions. Based on a merge-separation process, the non-text regions obtained above are analyzed for component parts extraction, where the merge process is used to group the single part containing regions, while the separation process is used to split the parts interconnected by interpretation lines. Such system helps assembly drawing retrieval by matching the extracted component parts with the query part, thus avoids a complex search of the whole assembly drawing.
Corrosion of Low Alloyed Steel in Flowing Pure Water under High Temperature and High Pressure Conditions (2003)

It frequently reported that corrosion damage progresses at an extraordinary high rate (≥1 mm/y) on the inside wall of heat conduction tubes in power plants and in the heat recovery boilers of chemical plants. In previous studies, the influence of dissolved oxygen (DO) and the pH of boiler feed water on the corrosion of carbon steel was investigated at elevated temperatures under high pressure. As a result, it was found that an increase in DO or pH was not useful to prevent the corrosion. In this paper, the application of low alloyed steel, a material that is currently used to resist corrosion through material improvement, was examined. The maximum corrosion depth rate of low alloyed steel reached levels as high as 1mm/y at pH 9.0. This level decreased slightly with increasing pH and then showed a sudden and drastic decrease in the pH range from 9.25 to 9.75 depending the direction of flow of water over the specimen surface. Concerning the influence of temperature, the low alloyed steel was superior to carbon steel at temperatures over 180°C due to the oxide film which is uniformly deposited over the entire surface. Ditch corrosion, however, occurred on the surface of low alloyed steel at temperatures below 160°C, and developed to a greater extent than on a carbon steel surface. It was also found that vortexes generated in the fluid flow are intimately connected with the formation of ditch corrosion. In conclusion, low alloyed steel cannot be recommended for use in boiler tubes since it might suffer ditch corrosion badly under some conditions although it is excellent under conditions where a single and uniform oxide film is formed on the metal surface.
Linear discriminant analysis for face recognition: comparison of subspace approach with regularization method (2013)

This paper compares two face recognition methods based on Linear Discriminant Analysis: Subspace and Regularization method. These methods are tested for different parameters, different size of feature vector, Euclidean distance and modified Euclidean distance, for both LDA and Dual LDA method. Before using LDA, face images are described using selected frequency channels of DFT.
Investigation of lifetime degradation of RIE-processed silicon samples for solar cells (2009)

Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) is observed to cause substantial effective carrier lifetime degradation in silicon wafers. Degradation of lifetime is permanent for samples where RIE etches into silicon, while the lifetime degradation is temporary for samples where RIE etches only dielectric layers of SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> grown on the wafer. The degradation of the effective lifetime of RIE-etched silicon samples can be minimized by exposing only a few percent of the wafer to the etch.
Formation of interface traps in metal-oxide-semiconductor devices during isochronal annealing after irradiation at 78 K (1991)

We have studied the mechanisms of interface trap (Nit) formation in metal-oxide-semiconductor devices during isochronal annealing after irradiation at 78 K. Two distinct Nit formation processes are observed at 120 and 250 K. After irradiation but before annealing, some samples were injected with electrons to remove all the radiation-induced positive oxide charges. In these samples, the Nit formation process at 250 K is nearly eliminated, in agreement with previous reports, but the lower-temperature 120 K process increases substantially. Results are explained using a hydrogen model. We also discuss the use of substrate hot-electron injection, which is used to annihilate the radiation-induced positive charge, in some detail.
Anti apoptotic role of CCR9 in prostate cancer (2008)

Limited treatment choices are available for the PCa patients with hormone refractory and metastatic disease. One of the better choices for treating hormone refractory metastatic disease is chemotherapy. Unfortunately better efficacy of these therapeutic modalities cannot be achieved due to the indolent nature of PCa with a very low rate of apoptosis and proliferation. We have recently shown that PCa cells (PC3, LNCaP and C4‐2b) express CCR9 and play significant role in cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro. Here we show that, CCR9‐mediated activation of PI3K/AKT pathway, which inhibits the activation of caspase‐3 and ‐9. Apoptosis induced by Etoposide or Doxorubicin in PCa cells was significantly inhibited after CCL25 treatment and further achieved after blocking CCR9‐CCL25 interaction with anti‐CCR9 monoclonal antibody. These results suggest that CCR9‐mediated cell signals provide protection against drug‐induced apoptosis. Therefore, inhibition of this axis will increase the efficacy of therapeutics for prostate cancer.