gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the impedance of galvanic cells: XV. Evidence for the occurrence of Zn<sup>+</sup> ions from d.c. and complex plane polarograms at the streaming zinc amalgam electrode (1965)

Abstract From d.c. and a.c. polarographic data of the reaction Zn ++ /Zn, especially from those obtained at a streaming amalgam electrode, it is concluded that this reaction may possibly be described as a one‐electron transfer step and a subsequent dismutation of the occurring univalent zinc ion. As regards the elucidation of mechanisms of electrode reactions, this method seems more informative in comparison with other methods.
New Brominated Diphenyl Ether from an Unidentified Species of <i>Dysidea</i> Sponge. <sup>13</sup>C NMR Data for Some Brominated Diphenyl Ethers (1996)

The structure of a new brominated diphenyl ether, 1, isolated from an unidentified species of Dysidea sponge, has been solved by spectroscopic analysis. 13C NMR data of related diphenyl ethers were also assigned by analysis of their HMQC and HMBC spectra.
Self-Operating Single-Crystal Furnace (1953)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation W. H. Bridges, G. P. Smith, J. V. Cathcart; Self‐Operating Single‐Crystal Furnace. Rev Sci Instrum 1 December 1953; 24 (12): 1149–1150. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1770623 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioReview of Scientific Instruments Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Three‐dimensional dosimetric analysis and quantitative bremsstrahlung SPECT imaging for treatment of nonresectable pancreatic cancer using colloidal phosphorus‐32 (1997)

A clinically applicable methodology was developed to: (1) co‐register the reconstructed three‐dimensional images from CT and SPECT, and (2) determine the 3‐D absorbed dose distribution from bremsstrahlung SPECT images for patients undergoing infusional brachytherapy using colloidal P‐32. The image co‐registration helps verify that the region of P‐32 activity distribution corresponds to the anatomic site selected for injection. For outer surfaces, the body contours obtained from bremsstrahlung SPECT data were co‐registered with corresponding contours from CT. For the administered activity, a 3‐D surface was generated by mapping the iso‐counts in the SPECT image in real coordinates. The corresponding surface objects from the CT then were matched with the SPECT using an outer surface‐fitting algorithm. The accuracy of the fit measured as the mean distance between the SPECT and CT surfaces was then calculated. Calibration curves were generated from phantom studies and activity per voxel from the attenuation corrected measured counts per voxel were determined. The cumulative activity at each voxel position was then converted to dose (Gy) using a Monte Carlo based P‐32 point dose kernel in water. Two‐ and three‐dimensional quantitative dose distributions were then generated and projected on the reconstructed SPECT or CT slices and dose‐volume histograms were analyzed.
CCN1 (CYR61) and CCN3 (NOV) signaling drives human trophoblast cells into senescence and stimulates migration properties (2016)

During placental development, continuous invasion of trophoblasts into the maternal compartment depends on the support of proliferating extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs). Unlike tumor cells, EVTs escape from the cell cycle before invasion into the decidua and spiral arteries. This study focused on the regulation properties of glycosylated and non-glycosylated matricellular CCN1 and CCN3, primarily for proliferation control in the benign SGHPL-5 trophoblast cell line, which originates from the first-trimester placenta. Treating SGHPL-5 trophoblast cells with the glycosylated forms of recombinant CCN1 and CCN3 decreased cell proliferation by bringing about G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, which was accompanied by the upregulation of activated Notch-1 and its target gene p21. Interestingly, both CCN proteins increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and the expression of the senescence marker p16. The migration capability of SGHPL-5 cells was mostly enhanced in response to CCN1 and CCN3, by the activation of FAK and Akt kinase but not by the activation of ERK1/2. In summary, both CCN proteins play a key role in regulating trophoblast cell differentiation by inducing senescence and enhancing migration properties. Reduced levels of CCN1 and CCN3, as found in early-onset preeclampsia, could contribute to a shift from invasive to proliferative EVTs and may explain their shallow invasion properties in this disease.
A New Look at an Old Problem: A Universal Learning Approach to Linear Regression (2019)

Linear regression is a classical paradigm in statistics. A new look at it is provided via the lens of universal learning. In applying universal learning to linear regression the hypotheses class represents the label y ∈ ℛ as a linear combination of the feature vector x <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sup> θ where x ∈ ℛ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</sup> , within a Gaussian error. The Predictive Normalized Maximum Likelihood (pNML) solution for universal learning of individual data can be expressed analytically in this case, as well as its associated learnability measure. Interestingly, the situation where the number of parameters M may even be larger than the number of training samples N can be examined. As expected, in this case learnability cannot be attained in every situation; nevertheless, if the test vector resides mostly in a subspace spanned by the eigenvectors associated with the large eigenvalues of the empirical correlation matrix of the training data, linear regression can generalize despite the fact that it uses an "over-parametrized" model. We demonstrate the results with a simulation of fitting a polynomial to data with a possibly large polynomial degree.
Reverberation Mapping with Intermediate-Band Photometry: Detection of Broad-Line Time Lags for a Sample of Quasars at $z>0.2$ (2015)

We present the first attempt at a reverberation mapping (RM) experiment that combines broad and intermediate-band photometry, targeting a sample of 13 quasars at $0.2 0.2$.
Evidence for heritable predisposition to epigenetic silencing of <i>MLH1</i> (2007)

Epigenetic silencing of MLH1 is the most common cause of defective DNA mismatch repair in endometrial and colorectal cancers. We hypothesized that variation in the MLH1 gene might contribute to the risk for MLH1 methylation and epigenetic silencing. We undertook a case-control study to test for the association between MLH1 variants and abnormal MLH1 methylation. Eight MLH1 SNPs were typed in the normal DNA from women with endometrial carcinoma. For these studies, the cases were women whose cancers exhibited MLH1 methylation (N = 98) and the controls were women whose cancers had no MLH1 methylation (N = 219). One MLH1 SNP, rs1800734, located in the MLH1 CpG island at -93 from the translation start site, was significantly associated with MLH1 methylation as were age at diagnosis and patient body mass index. In validation experiments, a similar-sized cohort of colorectal carcinoma patients (N = 387) showed a similar degree of association with the -93 SNP; a smaller cohort of endometrial carcinomas (N = 181) showed no association. Combining all 3 cohorts showed an odds ratio of 1.61 (95% CI: 1.20-2.16) for the AA or AG vs. GG genotype at the -93 SNP. Identification of risk alleles for MLH1 methylation could shed light on mechanisms of epigenetic silencing and may ultimately lead to new approaches to the prevention or treatment of malignancies associated with MLH1 inactivation.
Experimental evaluation of avoid performance with various victim systems to enable DAA for UWB (2010)

In most Asian and European countries, detect-and-avoid (DAA) is required at UWB low band (3.1–4.8 GHz). In Japan, we conducted evaluation experiments on the performance of DAA until March of 2010, which was a part of a three-year campaign to provide results of literature review and technical evaluation for the purpose of accomplishing Japanese UWB regulation. In this paper, experiment results on the avoid performance are presented. Three types of victim systems, 3GPP LTE, Mobile WiMAX, and an experimental IMT Advanced Test-bed, were used in the experiments. The UWB system was built based on WiMedia specifications at the UWB low band. A notch was created in the UWB spectrum where a victim signal was going to appear. The notch was created by nullifying the related subcarriers in combination with the use of a filter or applying a window function. The interference effects of UWB to victim systems were evaluated by examining the bit error rate (BER) or packet error rate (PER) performance. Our results show that when the width and depth of the notch satisfy certain conditions, the interference level introduced by UWB can be below the permitted level in regulations.
Formation Process of Antimony-Doped Stannic Oxide Film from Organometallic Compounds by Thermal Decomposition (1972)

用いた酸化スズ-酸化アンチモン系薄膜の生成法はつぎのとおりである。ジイソアミロキシエトキシアンチモンを含んだカプリル酸スズ(II)のブタノール溶液をガラス基板上に塗布し室内で30分間自然乾燥し,110℃の乾燥器中で30分乾燥し,200～600℃の電気炉中で20分間焼成した。薄膜の生成過程は,熱重量分析,赤外吸収スペクトル,X線および電子線回折などによって調べ,さらに酸化アンチモンの含有量および塗布-焼成のくり返しなどが薄膜の電気抵抗におよぼす影響も調べた。有機スズ化合物膜は110℃で乾燥した段階で干渉色を示すようになり,薄膜中には非晶質のSnO相が析出した。Sb203を含まない場合には,350℃の焼成で非晶質のSnOは結晶質のSnO2に変化した。Sb203を添加した場合には,添加量が多いほどSnOからSnO2に変化する温度が高くなり,薄膜は青色が濃くなった。また400℃以上の温度で焼成すると薄膜はさらに強固になった。Sb203を含まないSn02薄膜の表面比抵抗は室温で約6MΩであり,半導体的伝導を示した。しかし,Sb203を含んだSnO2薄膜は室温で5～50kΩであり,金属的電気伝導特性を示した。その抵抗値は塗布-焼成のくり返しによっていちじるしく低下した。
Interactions among the Subunits of the G Protein Involved in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Mating† (1993)

The SCG1 (GPA1), STE4, and STE18 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encode mating-pathway components whose amino acid sequences are similar to those of the alpha, beta, and gamma subunits, respectively, of mammalian G proteins. Genetic evidence suggests that the STE4 and STE18 gene products interact. The mating defects of a set of ste4 mutants were partially suppressed by the overexpression of STE18, and, moreover, a combination of partially defective ste4 and ste18 alleles created a totally sterile phenotype, whereas such synthetic sterility was not observed when the ste18 allele was combined with a weakly sterile ste11 allele. Others have provided genetic evidence consistent with an interaction between the SCG1 (GPA1) and STE4 gene products. We have examined the physical interactions of these subunits by using an in vivo protein association assay. The STE4 and STE18 gene products associated with each other, and this association was disrupted by a mutation in the STE4 gene product whose phenotype was partially suppressed by overexpression of STE18. The STE4 and SCG1 (GPA1) gene products also interacted in the assay, whereas we detected no association of the SCG1 (GPA1) and STE18 gene products.
DnaK and DnaJ heat shock proteins participate in protein export in Escherichia coli. (1992)

In Escherichia coli secreted proteins must be maintained in an export-competent state before translocation across the cytoplasmic membrane. This function is carried out by a group of proteins called chaperones. SecB is the major chaperone that interacts with precursor proteins before their secretion. We report results indicating that the DnaK and DnaJ heat shock proteins are also involved in the export of several proteins, most likely by acting as their chaperones. Translocation of alkaline phosphatase, a SecB-independent protein, was inhibited in dnaK- and dnaJ- mutant strains, suggesting that export of this protein probably involves DnaK and DnaJ. In addition, DnaK and DnaJ play a critical role in strains lacking SecB. They are required both for viability and for the residual processing of the SecB-dependent proteins LamB and maltose-binding protein (MBP) seen in secB null strains. Furthermore, overproduction of DnaK and DnaJ permits strains lacking SecB to grow in rich medium and accelerates the processing of LamB and MBP. These results suggest that under conditions where SecB becomes limiting, DnaK and DnaJ probably substitute for SecB and facilitate protein export. This provides the cell with a mechanism to overcome a temporary imbalance in the secretion process caused by an abrupt expansion in the pool of precursor proteins.
<i>APOE</i>-by-sex interactions on brain structure and metabolism in healthy elderly controls (2015)

The impact of APOE4 on brain metabolism and structure is modified by sex. Female APOE4 carriers show greater hypometabolism and atrophy than male carriers. This APOE-by-sex interaction should be considered in clinical trials in preclinical AD where APOE4 status is a selection criterion.
Physics and chemistry of protective coatings (1986)

Nowadays, water shortage is a severe issue all over the world, especially in some arid and undeveloped areas. Interestingly, a variety of natural creatures can collect water from fog, which can provide a source of inspiration to develop novel and functional water-collecting materials. Recently, as an increasingly hot research topic, bioinspired materials with the water collection ability have captured vast scientific attention in both practical applications and fundamental research studies. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of water collection in various natural creatures and present the fabrications, functions, applications, and new developments of bioinspired materials in recent years. The theoretical basis related to the phenomenon of water collection containing wetting behaviors and water droplet transportations is described in the beginning, i.e., the Young's equation, Wenzel model, Cassie model, surface energy gradient model and Laplace pressure equation. Then, the water collection mechanisms of three typical and widely researched natural animals and plants are discussed and their corresponding bioinspired materials are simultaneously detailed, which are cactus, spider, and desert beetles, respectively. This is followed by introducing another eight animals and plants (butterfly, shore birds, wheat awns, green bristlegrass, the Cotula fallax plant, Namib grass, green tree frogs and Australian desert lizards) that are rarely reported, exhibiting water collection properties or similar water droplet transportation. Finally, conclusions and outlook concerning the future development of bioinspired fog-collecting materials are presented.
Multiscale modelling of back-stress during equal-channel angular pressing (2010)

Abstract. Equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) is a well known process to produce ultrafine-grained materials. The mechanical properties of these materials, including a compression-tension asymmetry and a transient hardening saturation in the beginning of the flow curve, largely depend on the evolution of the microstructure during ECAP. Consequently, the back-stress induced by the dislocation microstructure exhibits kinematic hardening at the macroscopic scale. In this paper, commercial purity aluminium AA1050 is processed by ECAP route C. Tensile and compression specimens are machined from the post-ECAP samples. The back-stress level is estimated from the different yielding strengths of tensile tests and compression tests. Then two different models, a macroscopic phenomenological Teodosiu-type model and a microscopic dislocation-based multi-layer model, are used to predict the back-stress values. A F8GB9C4E4]8G8EF9BE*8B7BF&lt;HXF]B78?&lt;F&lt;78AG&lt;9&lt;879EB]F&lt;]C?8F;84EG8FGF4HF6;&lt;A:8EG8FGF and orthogonal tests. The dislocation-based multi-layer model is based on the Estrin-TRth 7&lt;F?B64G&lt;BA]B78?4A7)4HM4LXF&lt;AGE4:E4AH?4E546&gt;FGE8FF]B78?*;8CE87&lt;6G874A78KC8E&lt;]8AG4? back-stresses due to ECAP are compared and critically evaluated. 1.
Interfacial Engineering Using Mixed Protein Systems: Emulsion-Based Delivery Systems for Encapsulation and Stabilization of β-Carotene (2013)

Emulsion-based delivery systems are needed to encapsulate, protect, and deliver lipophilic bioactive components in the food, personal care, and pharmaceutical industries. The functional performance of these systems can be controlled by engineering the composition and structure of the interfacial layer coating the lipid droplets. In this study, interfacial properties were controlled using two globular proteins with widely differing isoelectric points: lactoferrin (LF: pI ≈ 8.5) and β-lactoglobulin (BLG: pI ≈ 5). Oil-in-water emulsions were prepared with different interfacial properties: [LF]-only; [BLG]-only; [LF]-[BLG]-(laminated); [BLG]-[LF]-(laminated); and [BLG/LF]-(mixed). The influence of pH, ionic strength, and temperature on the physical stability of β-carotene-enriched emulsions was investigated. [LF]-emulsions were stable to droplet aggregation from pH 2 to 9 (0 mM NaCl), but all other emulsions aggregated at intermediate pH values. [BLG]-emulsions aggregated at high salt levels (≥50 mM NaCl), but all other emulsions were stable (0 to 300 mM NaCl). [BLG/LF]-emulsions were unstable to heating (≥60 °C), but all other emulsions were stable (30 to 90 °C). Color fading due to β-carotene degradation occurred relatively quickly in [BLG]-emulsions (37 °C) but was considerably lower in all other emulsions, which was attributed to the ability of LF to bind iron or interact with β-carotene. This study provides useful information for designing emulsion-based delivery systems to encapsulate and protect bioactive lipids, such as carotenoids.
TypeNet: Scaling up Keystroke Biometrics (2020)

We study the suitability of keystroke dynamics to authenticate 100 K users typing free-text. For this, we first analyze to what extent our method based on a Siamese Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) is able to authenticate users when the amount of data per user is scarce, a common scenario in free-text keystroke authentication. With 1 K users for testing the network, a population size comparable to previous works, TypeNet obtains an equal error rate of 4.8% using only 5 enrollment sequences and 1 test sequence per user with 50 keystrokes per sequence. Using the same amount of data per user, as the number of test users is scaled up to 100K, the performance in comparison to 1 K decays relatively by less than 5%, demonstrating the potential of Type-Net to scale well at large scale number of users. Our experiments are conducted with the Aalto University keystroke database. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest free-text keystroke database captured with more than 136M keystrokes from 168K users.
Maternal fat intake in rats alters 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3 status and the epigenetic regulation of Fads2 in offspring liver (2012)

Poor prenatal nutrition, acting through epigenetic processes, induces persistent changes in offspring phenotype. We investigated the effect of maternal fat intake on polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) status and on the epigenetic regulation of Fads2, encoding Δ6 desaturase (rate limiting in PUFA synthesis), in the adult offspring. Rats (n=6 per dietary group) were fed either 3.5% (w/w), 7% (w/w) or 21% (w/w) butter or fish oil (FO) from 14 days preconception until weaning. Offspring (n=6 males and females per dietary group) were fed 4% (w/w) soybean oil until postnatal day 77. 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3 levels were lower in liver phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine and plasma PC (all P<.0001) in offspring of dams fed 21% than 3.5% or 7% fat regardless of type. Hepatic Fads2 expression related inversely to maternal dietary fat. Fads2 messenger RNA expression correlated negatively with methylation of CpGs at -623, -394, -84 and -76 bases relative to the transcription start site (all P<.005). Methylation of these CpGs was higher in offspring of dams fed 21% than 3.5% or 7% fat; FO higher than butter. Feeding adult female rats 7% fat reduced 20:4n-6 status in liver PC and Fads2 expression and increased methylation of CpGs -623, -394, -84 and -76 that reversed in animals switched from 7% to 4% fat diets. These findings suggest that fat exposure during development induces persistent changes, while adults exhibit a transient response, in hepatic PUFA status in offspring through epigenetic regulation of Fads2. Thus, epigenetic regulation of Fads2 may contribute to short- and long-term regulation of PUFA synthesis.
Hillard, Kate, [1877] [June] [12] (1877)

addressee formerly thought to be Mary Robbins Hillard, but confirmed to be Kate Hillard by PW on 7/31/2008; paper copy; includes transcription from P. Walker. Redated from [05/19?] [1877].
Oseltamivir-resistant influenza viruses circulating during the first year of the influenza A(H1N1)2009 pandemic in the Asia-Pacific region, March 2009 to March 2010 (2011)

During the first year of the influenza A(H1N1) 2009 pandemic, unprecedented amounts of the neuraminidase inhibitors, predominantly oseltamivir, were used in economically developed countries for the treatment and prophylaxis of patients prior to the availability of a pandemic vaccine. Due to concerns about the development of resistance, over 1,400 influenza A(H1N1) 2009 viruses isolated from the Asia-Pacific region during the first year of the pandemic (March 2009 to March 2010) were analysed by phenotypic and genotypic assays to determine their susceptibility to the neuraminidase inhibitors. Amongst viruses submitted to the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research in Melbourne, Australia,oseltamivir resistance was detected in 1.3% of influenza A(H1N1) 2009 strains from Australia and 3.1% of strains from Singapore, but none was detected in specimens received from other countries in Oceania or south-east Asia, or in east Asia. The overall frequency of oseltamivir resistance in the Asia-Pacific region was 16 of 1,488 (1.1%). No zanamivir-resistant viruses were detected. Of the 16 oseltamivir-resistant isolates detected, nine were from immunocompromised individuals undergoing oseltamivir treatment and three were from immunocompetent individuals undergoing oseltamivir treatment. Importantly, four oseltamivir-resistant strains were from immunocompetent individuals who had not been treated with oseltamivir, demonstrating limited low-level community transmission of oseltamivir-resistant strains. Even with increased use of oseltamivir during the pandemic, the frequency of resistance has been low, with little evidence of community-wide spread of the resistant strains. Nevertheless, prudent use of the neuraminidase inhibitors remains necessary, as does continued monitoring for drug-resistant influenza viruses.
Highly Convergent Three Component Benzyne Coupling:  The Total Synthesis of <i>ent</i>-Clavilactone B (2006)

The first total synthesis of (+)-clavilactone B, a potent antifungal agent and novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is described. The absolute configuration of clavilactones has been unambiguously established by using Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation to generate the enantiomerically pure substrate. The strategy highlights the use of a powerful and convergent three-component benzyne coupling with a methylallyl Grignard and a chiral epoxy-aldehyde to generate two C-C bonds and install the carbon skeleton of clavilactone. Oxidative lactonization, ten-membered ring construction by ring closing metathesis, and oxidation gave clavilactone B.