gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser ‘direct writing’ of silicon <i>pn</i> junctions (1988)

Rectifying pn junctions have been deposited by a focused argon laser beam from silane and dopant gases on to oxidised silicon wafers. The characteristics depend on the deposition conditions and on the dopant gas content, but are not those of ideal junctions, probably due to a nonabrupt interface from the present growth parameter values.
X-ray triggered release of doxorubicin from nanoparticle drug carriers for cancer therapy (2013)

Enhanced cellular toxicity was observed using X-ray irradiated nanoparticle drug carriers (NDC) consisting of doxorubicin (DOX) conjugated to DNA strands attached to the surface of gold nanoparticles. Kinetic studies showed that X-rays, acting as a triggering modality, generated reactive oxygen species to break DNA strands and release DOX.
Studies on the Mechanism of Action of Methotrexate and Cyclophosphamide on Contact Sensitivity in the Guinea Pig (1964)

Research Articles| July 15 2009 Studies on the Mechanism of Action of Methotrexate and Cyclophosphamide on Contact Sensitivity in the Guinea Pig Subject Area: Immunology and Allergy J.L. Turk J.L. Turk National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology (1964) 24 (4): 191–200. https://doi.org/10.1159/000229459 Article history Published Online: July 15 2009 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation J.L. Turk; Studies on the Mechanism of Action of Methotrexate and Cyclophosphamide on Contact Sensitivity in the Guinea Pig. International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology 1 April 1964; 24 (4): 191–200. https://doi.org/10.1159/000229459 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsInternational Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology Search Advanced Search Article PDF first page preview Close Modal 1964Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. You do not currently have access to this content.
A Virtual-Real Interaction Approach to Object Instance Segmentation in Traffic Scenes (2020)

Object instance segmentation in traffic scenes is an important research topic. For training instance segmentation models, synthetic data can potentially complement real data, alleviating manual effort on annotating real images. However, the data distribution discrepancy between synthetic data and real data hampers the wide applications of synthetic data. In light of that, we propose a virtual-real interaction method for object instance segmentation. This method works over synthetic images with accurate annotations and real images without any labels. The virtual-real interaction guides the model to learn useful information from synthetic data while keeping consistent with real data. We first analyze the data distribution discrepancy from a probabilistic perspective, and divide it into image-level and instance-level discrepancies. Then, we design two components to align these discrepancies, i.e., global-level alignment and local-level alignment. Furthermore, a consistency alignment component is proposed to encourage the consistency between the global-level and the local-level alignment components. We evaluate the proposed approach on the real Cityscapes dataset by adapting from virtual SYNTHIA, Virtual KITTI, and VIPER datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that it achieves significantly better performance than state-of-the-art methods.
Network Coordinated Beamforming for Cell-Boundary Users: Linear and Nonlinear Approaches (2009)

In this paper, low-complexity linear and nonlinear network coordinated beamforming (N-CBF) algorithms are proposed for the multi-cell downlink channel. We consider a downlink scenario with three base stations (BSs) equipped with one transmit antenna each and three mobile users, each of which has more than one receive antenna and is located on the cell-boundary. A single data stream is transmitted to all three cell-boundary users where each user receives his/her own independent data stream (called <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">full broadcast channel</i> ), or where two users receive the same data stream while the third user receives a different data stream (called <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">clustered broadcast channel</i> ). For <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">full</i> and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">clustered broadcast channel</i> scenarios, we propose low-complexity linear N-CBF algorithms approaching the sum capacity realized by multi-cell dirty paper coding. We also propose low complexity nonlinear N-CBF algorithms that avoid power enhancement and maximize the effective channel gain for enhancing the bit error rate (BER). The impact of the number of receive antennas on the behavior of the proposed system is also discussed. Monte Carlo simulations are carried out to verify the sum rate and BER performances of the proposed algorithms.
Stability of the pool‐riffle sequence in changing river channels (1994)

Abstract The pool‐riffle sequence as an important feature of river channels was described by Leopold et al. (1964) to occur with a spacing of five to seven times the channel width. Subsequent work has generally confirmed this spacing, although more closely spaced pools and riffles are quoted for some channels in woodland basins and for some channelized streams. Although few detailed empirical studies have been made of adjustments of the pool‐riffle spacing, a detailed survey of a 6 km channel reach containing over 300 riffles in the New Forest, southern England indicates that despite the influence of woody debris and channelization, the interriffle distance generally falls within the range of five to seven channel widths. As substantial adjustments in channel dimensions have been widely observed downstream of channelization schemes, land‐use changes, and dams and reservoirs, the associated adjustments in pool‐riffle spacing should be a consideration in channel management and an ingredient of design for channel restoration.
Traditional Chinese medicine causing hepatotoxicity in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection: a 1‐year prospective study (2006)

Traditional Chinese medicine-related hepatotoxicity resulted in high mortality in chronic hepatitis B patients. Prospective randomized-controlled trials with the same stringent criteria as western medicine clinical trials are required for Chinese medicines, to document their efficacies and safety before they can be advocated for the treatment of patients.
Estimation, Prediction, and Smoothing in Discrete Parameter Systems (1970)

Deterministic and probabilistic sequential machine theory is used to solve the estimation, prediction, and smoothing problem encountered in noisy discrete parameter systems such as digital data processors and information processing systems. Using Bayes' theorem, the equations describing the ideal estimator, predictor, and smoother are developed. These equations are used to define an infinite-state Mealy-type sequential machine that performs these calculations.
POLYMERS IN ALUM SLUDGE DEWATERING: DEVELOPMENTS AND CONTROL (2003)

ABSTRACT The paper (a) discusses the use of polymers for conditioning alum sludge derived from the coagulation of low turbidity coloured waters, and (b) reviews the factors which control the optimum dosage vis a vis individual test methods such as specific resistance to filtration and capillary suction time. It was demonstrated that good estimates of the solids feed could be obtained via the suspended‐solids concentration in the flocculators. An algorithm based on water‐quality parameters was recommended for planning purposes. Difficulties arising from variations in the solids delivery to the thickeners were shown to influence the separation efficiency. The paper also includes a survey of polymer routeing within a water‐treatment plant in which there was multiple polymer use and extensive recycling; this identified a number of quality‐control issues and demonstrated the value of polymer measurement.
Use of vaccinia virus poly(A) polymerase for RNA 3'-end labeling with a chain-terminating nucleotide or a short 3' homopolymer tract. (1995)

Conditions are described for the 3'-end labeling of RNA with 32P 3'-dATP (3'-deoxyadenosine-5'-triphosphate), a chain-terminating nucleotide, using the poly(A) polymerase (PAP) encoded by vaccinia virus. Reaction time, divalent cation species and concentration, and the requirement for both subunits of the PAP were investigated. In the presence of Mn2+, vaccinia PAP is able to tail RNA primers with tracts of 3'-oligo(U), oligo(C) and oligo(G). Conditions for the addition of labeled 3'-homopolymer tracts were characterized. The use of low nucleotide concentrations in this study revealed an apparently fixed divalent cation concentration optimum of 0.1 mM, distinct from the previously noted requirement for a 1:1 divalent cation:NTP complex. This indicates a possible requirement for multiple divalent cations in nucleotidyl transfer by vaccinia PAP.
A  -Aminobutyric AcidB Agonist Reverses the Negative Feedback Effect of Testosterone on Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone Secretion in the Male Sheep (2000)

Infusion of baclofen, a GABAB agonist, into the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) of castrated rams rapidly increases LH pulse amplitude without altering pulse frequency. The objectives of this study were to determine whether baclofen infusion increased LH in testosterone (T)-treated and intact rams, the increased LH was due to increased GnRH release, and FSH secretion also was increased. In the first experiment we tested the main effects and interaction of baclofen and T on FSH and LH pulse patterns in castrated rams (n = 7). In the second experiment we determined whether baclofen affected GnRH and LH pulses in intact males. Microdialysis guide cannulae were implanted bilaterally into the MBH. After recovery of the animal from surgery, the MBH was perfused using concentric microdialysis probes (2-mm tip) with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) for a 3-h control period followed by either aCSF or 1 mm baclofen for 4 h. Blood samples were taken at 10-min intervals. T suppressed mean LH concentrations (10.4 ± 1.3 vs. 3.3 ± 1.3 ng/ml) such that LH pulses were undetectable in some T-treated animals during the control period. The change (control period vs. drug infusion period) in mean LH was greater in response to baclofen than in response to aCSF and was not altered by T. The baclofen × T interaction was nonsignificant. Mean FSH was decreased by T, but was not altered by baclofen. In the second experiment hypophyseal portal blood was collected coincident with microdialysis. Infusion of baclofen into the MBH of intact males (n = 7) resulted within 1 h in the onset of frequent and robust GnRH pulses (0.10/h before baclofen vs. 1.57/h after baclofen) that were followed either immediately or gradually by coincident LH pulses. One interpretation is that baclofen acts downstream of the site of action of T. GABAB receptors may regulate pulse amplitude in both the presence and absence of T and regulate pulse frequency by modulating the inhibitory effect of T.
<p>Current and Future Perspectives on Isothermal Nucleic Acid Amplification Technologies for Diagnosing Infections</p> (2020)

Nucleic acid amplification technology (NAAT) has assumed a critical position in disease diagnosis in recent times and contributed significantly to healthcare. Application of these methods has resulted in a more sensitive, accurate and rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases than older traditional methods like culture-based identification. NAAT such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is widely applied but seldom available to resource-limited settings. Isothermal amplification (IA) methods provide a rapid, sensitive, specific, simpler and less expensive procedure for detecting nucleic acid from samples. However, not all of these IA techniques find regular applications in infectious diseases diagnosis. Disease diagnosis and treatment could be improved, and the rapidly increasing problem of antimicrobial resistance reduced, with improvement, adaptation, and application of isothermal amplification methods in clinical settings, especially in developing countries. This review centres on some isothermal techniques that have found documented applications in infectious diseases diagnosis, highlighting their principles, development, strengths, setbacks and imminent potentials for use at points of care.
The understanding of communication packets structure for microcontrollers debugging (2008)

The paper is focused into microcontroller technique and mainly describes a communication protocol between master PC and slave emulator for the programming and debugging of AYR microcontrollers from Atmel Corporation. The JTAGICE mkll debugging device is used. In principle this device is controlled via supervised development tools titled AVR Studio. The purpose of this contribution is to understand the structure of the communication protocol, thus the AVR Studio could be replaced by any application. The paper represents the preliminary study for developing the microcontroller system controlled via Internet. The communication with JTAGICE mkll has serial asynchronous character, where transmitted and received data are encapsulated into frames or packets. Each frame has its own structure and meaning. In the text the detailed description of selected frames will be presented.
Molecular Sieve Studies of Interacting Protein Systems (1968)

Studies of chemically reacting systems of macromolecules by conventional transport experiments are subject to inherent ambiguities. These uncertainties often prohibit an unequivocal determination of the explicit reactions which give rise to the average properties being measured. Such difficulties may be circumvented with molecular sieve chromatography in which subunit dissociation curves are obtained on columns of different gel porosity. From such data, procedures are described for enumeration of components in a complex reaction mixture and for determination of their molecular size distribution. For a system having k components data must be obtained on at least 2k − 1 columns of different porosity to obtain the weight fractions of all components in the system. If the equilibria are shifted by variation in some parameter, such as total concentration, and the distributions are determined at various resulting states of the equilibria, it is possible to calculate stoichiometries between all components and to determine the equilibrium constants for the system. Additional information that can be obtained with these procedures includes the weight average degree of polymerization and the molecular weight of monomer. These procedures depend on the fact that molecular sieve partition coefficients are linearly independent functions of both the molecular size and calibration constants (porosity) of the gel. Experimental data are presented in support of this linear independence. Feasibility of the mathematical procedures has been shown by calculations carried out for a hypothetical dissociation reaction in which random errors have been applied to the ideal dissociation curves, and the resulting data have been used to calculate the stoichiometry and equilibrium constant for the reaction. In order to minimize the effort involved in multiple column experiments and to obtain an overdetermined system for calculations, the methods can be extended to a single column in which an arbitrary gradient of gel porosity is established. The basic features of this molecular sieve gradient chromatography technique are outlined and its potential use in determining molecular size distributions has been described. These methods are applicable to multicomponent systems in which the various species are in rapidly reversible equilibrium, in slow equilibrium, or are noninteracting. The use of columns having more than one gel porosity provides a stringent test for the assumption that the column bed material does not itself perturb the chemical equilibria being studied.
Compendium of Experimental Cetane Number Data (2004)

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Pegs, Cords, and Ghuls: Meter of Classical Arabic Poetry (2010)

There are many reasons to read poetry, filled with heroics and folly, sweeping metaphors and engaging rhymes. It can reveal much about a shared cultural history and the depths of the human soul; for linguists, it also provides insights into the nature of language itself. As a particular subset of a language, poetry is one case study for understanding the use of a language and the underlying rules that govern it. This paper explores the metrical system of classical Arabic poetry and its theoretical representations. The prevailing classification is from the 8 century C.E., based on the work of the scholar al-Khaliil, and I evaluate modern attempts to situate the meters within a more universal theory. I analyze the meter of two early Arabic poems, and observe the descriptive accuracy of al-Khaliil’s system, and then provide an analysis of the major alternative accounts. By incorporating linguistic concepts such as binarity and prosodic constraints, the newer models improve on the general accessibility of their theories with greater explanatory potential. The use of this analysis to identify and account for the four most commonly used meters, for example, highlights the significance of these models over al-Khaliil’s basic enumerations. The study is situated within a discussion of cultural history and the modern application of these meters, and a reflection on the oral nature of these poems. The opportunities created for easier cross-linguistic comparisons are crucial for a broader understanding of poetry, enhanced by Arabic’s complex levels of metrical patterns, and with conclusions that can inform wider linguistic study.
Toxin from Skin of Frogs of the Genus <i>Atelopus</i> : Differentiation from Dendrobatid Toxins (1969)

A potent, dialyzable toxin (atelopidtoxin) occurs in the skin of frogs of the genus Atelopus. A concentrate of atelopidtoxin from Atelopus zeteki has an LD(50) in mice of 16 micrograms per kilogram. It differs from batrachotoxin, tetrodotoxin, and saxitoxin, the only known nonprotein substances of greater toxicity, as well as from all toxins previously isolated from amphibia.
Na <sub>0.5</sub> K <sub>0.5</sub> NbO <sub>3</sub> Film Microwave Varactors (2004)

Na0.5K0.5NbO3 (NKN) and Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 (PZT) films have been grown by rf-magnetron sputtering and pulsed laser deposition techniques, correspondingly, on sapphire (Al2O3-0112, r-cut), quartz (Y+36°-cut) and YAlO3 + 1% Nd (Nd:YAlO3-001) single crystal substrates with Interdigital Capacitor (IDC) of Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) structure. Photolithography and metal lift-off technique was used for processing of the tunable microwave capacitor. Microwave network analyzer with G-S-G Picoprobe and probe station performed microwave measurement with external DC bias. NKN film interdigital capacitors on Nd:YAlO3 show superior performance in the microwave range from 1 to 40 GHz. Within this range, the voltage tunability (40 V, 200 kV/cm) was about 29%, loss tangent ∼ 0.13, K-factor from 152% @10 GHz to 46% @40 GHz, voltage independent C p was about 230 fF, tan δ p changes from 0.14 @10 GHz to 0.36 @40 GHz, real and imaginary part of interconnect impedance increases with frequency from 0.13 Ω @10 GHz to 0.50 Ω @40 GHz and from 1.9 Ω @10 GHz to 5.9 Ω @40 GHz respectively.
Medium-Sized Heterocycle Synthesis by the Use of Synergistic Effects of Ni-NHC and γ-Coordination in Cycloisomerization (2014)

This paper describes a new approach in transition-metal-catalyzed unsymmetric cycloisomerization for medium-sized heterocycles. The steric and electronic effects of an NHC-NiH catalyst and γ-heteroatom chelation were used together as a basis for 1,n-diene termini differentiation and for n(γ)-exo-trig (head-to-tail) product selectivity. Heterocycles bearing an exocyclic methylene such as oxepines, thiepines, siloxepines, and oxocanes were synthesized from the corresponding 1,n-dienes by a fine-tuning of the NHC properties. The implication of the underlying hypothesis was further demonstrated in a competition experiment in which strained oxepines were formed preferentially over other competing oxa-/carbocycles. Under more forcing physical conditions and the use of a suitable NHC ligand, the exocyclic methylene products were isomerized further into endocyclic olefin products regioselectively in one pot.
Interframe video coding using adaptive sampling and classified vector quantization (2002)

The authors propose an adaptive sampling and vector quantization scheme to compress motion compensated differential images (MCDI). MCDI are adaptively sampled based on either their local spectral or geometrical characteristics. Various image decomposition schemes are proposed to design the nonuniform sampling patterns that are used in the sample selection process. The sampling structure can serve as a classifier to distinguish different features of the subimage regions, i.e., uniform, edge, etc. The set of vectors formed by the chosen samples associated with each distinct sampling pattern is used to generate a codebook for vector quantization (VQ), resulting in a classified multicodebook approach to VQ. This adaptive sampling and vector quantization scheme demonstrated superior performance over direct VQ in terms of both coding fidelity and computational efficiency. Simulation results have shown good coding fidelity at low bit rates: below 0.1 bits/sample with signal-to-noise ratio above 30 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>