gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
JAK/STAT inhibitors for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (2019)

<b>Introduction:</b> Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease. Lesional skin of AD contains elevated levels of Th2, Th17, Th22 and Th1-citokines. With a growing movement toward use of targeted therapies, parallel to psoriasis, JAK inhibitors are an important focus of therapeutic research for AD.<b>Methods:</b> We review current evidence on the efficacy and safety of oral and topical JAK inhibitors for the treatment of AD.<b>Results:</b> Several JAK inhibitors are in phase II and III clinical trials as oral therapies for moderate-to-severe AD or as topical treatments for mild-to-moderate AD. Results thus far are encouraging, with the majority of the patients achieving the primary outcome of their trial as well as a favorable safety profile.<b>Discussion:</b> JAK inhibitors will most certainly be the first oral targeted option when topical therapy fails. With good oral bioavailability and lack of immunogenicity, they address some of the limitations of biologics. Yet to be defined is whether selective JAK 1 inhibitors or nonselective JAK inhibitors will provide the best equilibrium of efficacy versus side effects. Less clear is the position in the therapeutic ladder for topical JAK inhibitors; although, an unmeet need exists in the topical treatment of AD.
Minimum weighted norm wavefield reconstruction for AVA imaging (2005)

ABSTRACT Seismic wavefield reconstruction is posed as an inversion problem where, from inadequate and incomplete data, we attempt to recover the data we would have acquired with a denser distribution of sources and receivers. A minimum weighted norm interpolation method is proposed to interpolate prestack volumes before wave‐equation amplitude versus angle imaging. Synthetic and real data were used to investigate the effectiveness of our wavefield reconstruction scheme when preconditioning seismic data for wave‐equation amplitude versus angle imaging.
Review: Bandits on the Information Superhighway (1996)

Bandits on the Information Superhighway Daniel J. Barrett O'Reilly & Associates, International Thomson ISBN: 1-56592-156-9 £11.00
Evaluation of serological diagnostic indices for mucocutaneous leishmaniasis: immunofluorescence tests and enzyme-linked immunoassays for IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies. (1989)

The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and efficiency of immunofluorescence (IF) and enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISA) for IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies were assessed on sera from mucocutaneous leishmaniasis patients and controls. The sensitivity of the IgG-ELISA test was 93.3% with 95% confidence interval higher than what could be due to a random test not associated with the disease. The specificity of all tests, except the IgM-ELISA, gave indices that could not have been due to chance. The IgG-ELISA and IgG-IF had the highest positive predictive value and the kappa statistic showed that the strength of agreement between the disease and the test was strongest for IgG-ELISA. The IgG-ELISA had a negative predictive value with 95% confidence limits that were not due to chance alone. Efficiency was highest for IgG-ELISA and IgG-IF. These results were obtained using sera from patients with severe or long-standing disease and from controls in whom the disease was ruled out by a negative Montenegro skin test. In field surveys where the differences between cases and controls are less easy to define the diagnostic indices of these tests may vary with the disease prevalence.
Scene Recognition by Manifold Regularized Deep Learning Architecture (2015)

Scene recognition is an important problem in the field of computer vision, because it helps to narrow the gap between the computer and the human beings on scene understanding. Semantic modeling is a popular technique used to fill the semantic gap in scene recognition. However, most of the semantic modeling approaches learn shallow, one-layer representations for scene recognition, while ignoring the structural information related between images, often resulting in poor performance. Modeled after our own human visual system, as it is intended to inherit humanlike judgment, a manifold regularized deep architecture is proposed for scene recognition. The proposed deep architecture exploits the structural information of the data, making for a mapping between visible layer and hidden layer. By the proposed approach, a deep architecture could be designed to learn the high-level features for scene recognition in an unsupervised fashion. Experiments on standard data sets show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art used for scene recognition.
Kinetically controlled self-assembly of redox-active ferrocene–diphenylalanine: from nanospheres to nanofibers (2013)

Putting metals into organic compounds such as peptides can lead to many new desirable properties. Here we designed a novel bioorganometallic molecule, ferrocene-diphenylalanine (Fc-FF), and investigated its self-assembly behavior. We directly observed a morphological transition from metastable nanospheres to nanofibers, which led to the formation of a self-supporting hydrogel. The strong hydrophobic interaction of the Fc moiety was suggested to have a key role in this kinetically controlled self-assembly process. Moreover, the redox center of the ferrocene group further allowed us to reversibly control the self-assembly behavior of Fc-FF by altering its redox state.
Synthesis of New Flavone (1987)

Department of Chemistry, University of Saugar, Sagar-470 003 <em>Manuscript received 23 July 1985, revised 4 June 1986, accepted 9 March 1987</em> Synthesis of New Flavone.
Inhibition of protein–protein interactions using designed molecules (2009)

Although many cellular processes depend upon enzymatic reactions, protein-protein interactions (PPIs) mediate a large number of important regulatory pathways and thus play a central role in disease development. In order to understand and selectively inhibit cellular signalling pathways, there is a pressing need for small molecules that target PPIs, particularly in the context of pharmaceutical development. This tutorial review will introduce the relevance of PPIs to chemical biology and highlight the key challenges in designing inhibitors. Some of the successes using conventional approaches to the identification of small-molecule PPI inhibitors will be highlighted, and also the reasons why these approaches have not always proven successful. Several general approaches tailored to particular protein topologies are emerging for the design of scaffolds that inhibit PPIs-these will form the major content of this review. Finally a summary of the challenges to be faced in developing inhibitors of PPIs into drug leads and how these challenges may differ from those encountered with enzyme-like targets will be given.
Generalized mutual exclusion contraints on nets with uncontrollable transitions (2003)

The authors study a class of specifications, called generalized mutual exclusion constraints, for discrete event systems modeled using place/transition nets. These specifications may be easily enforced by a set of places called monitors on a net system where all transitions are controllable. However, when some of the transitions of the net are uncontrollable, this technique is not always applicable. For some classes of nets, the authors prove that generalized mutual exclusion constraints may always be enforced by monitors, even in the presence of uncontrollable transitions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
31.5: Characterizing Motion Artifacts and Flicker of PDP's (2006)

Abstract This paper describes a measurement system to characterize the performance of Plasma Displays. The system records the light behavior per grayscale and phosphor. With a simulation model and signal analysis, the system predicts the level of several artifacts, like: dynamic false contour, motion‐blur, large area flicker, and fade‐in/fade‐out flicker.
Vector-extrapolated fast maximum likelihood estimation algorithms for emission tomography (1992)

A new class of fast maximum-likelihood estimation (MLE) algorithms for emission computed tomography (ECT) is developed. In these cyclic iterative algorithms, vector extrapolation techniques are integrated with the iterations in gradient-based MLE algorithms, with the objective of accelerating the convergence of the base iterations. This results in a substantial reduction in the effective number of base iterations required for obtaining an emission density estimate of specified quality. The mathematical theory behind the minimal polynomial and reduced rank vector extrapolation techniques, in the context of emission tomography, is presented. These extrapolation techniques are implemented in a positron emission tomography system. The new algorithms are evaluated using computer experiments, with measurements taken from simulated phantoms. It is shown that, with minimal additional computations, the proposed approach results in substantial improvement in reconstruction.
Advancement in application of diamondoids on organic geochemistry (2016)

Diamondoids occur in all kinds of fossil fuels. Due to peculiar cage molecular structures, diamondoids have been widely used in the maturity assessment of high mature to over-mature oils as well as source rocks since the 1990s. New advancements in maturity, oil-cracking, oil mixing, oil biodegradation, organic facies, TSR, gas washing, migration, and oil spill identification using diamondoids during the 21st century will be further discussed in this paper; the origin and possible forming mechanisms of diamondoids are also explained. Owing to the vagueness of the origin of diamondoid, the results of the maturity and oil cracking among researchers brought about great differences. It is suggested that the research of the evolution of diamondoid in different type oils and source rocks are beneficial when applied in organic geochemistry, especially for the depth limits for the deep reservoirs.
Reduced Fat Process Cheese Made from Young Reduced Fat Cheddar Cheese Manufactured with Exopolysaccharide-Producing Cultures (2007)

In a previous study, exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing cultures improved textural and functional properties of reduced fat Cheddar cheese. Because base cheese has an impact on the characteristics of process cheese, we hypothesized that the use of EPS-producing cultures in making base reduced fat Cheddar cheese (BRFCC) would allow utilization of more young cheeses in making reduced fat process cheese. The objective of this study was to evaluate characteristics of reduced fat process cheese made from young BRFCC containing EPS as compared with those in cheese made from a 50/50 blend of young and aged EPS-negative cheeses. Reduced fat process cheeses were manufactured using young (2 d) or 1-mo-old EPS-positive or negative BRFCC. Moisture and fat of reduced fat process cheese were standardized to 49 and 21%, respectively. Enzyme modified cheese was incorporated to provide flavor of aged cheese. Exopolysaccharide-positive reduced fat process cheese was softer, less chewy and gummy, and exhibited lower viscoelastic moduli than the EPS-negative cheeses. The hardness, chewiness, and viscoelastic moduli were lower in reduced fat process cheeses made from 1-mo-old BRFCC than in the corresponding cheeses made from 2-d-old BRFCC. This could be because of more extensive proteolysis and lower pH in the former cheeses. Sensory scores for texture of EPS-positive reduced fat process cheeses were higher than those of the EPS-negative cheeses. Panelists did not detect differences in flavor between cheeses made with enzyme modified cheese and aged cheese. No correlations were found between the physical and melting properties of base cheese and process cheese.
Switched-capacitor cyclic DAC with mismatch charge compensation (2010)

A switch-capacitor cyclic DAC with mismatch charge compensation scheme is proposed. With this approach, the DAC error caused by capacitor mismatches can be effectively reduced, which alleviates the matching requirement. The operation of the proposed DAC is verified through circuit level simulations.
Detection of Two Highly Stable Silicon Nitrides: HSiNSi and H<sub>3</sub>SiNSi (2013)

The formation mechanisms of silicon nitride and silicon nitrogen hydrogen films, both produced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques and widely used in electronic device fabrication, are poorly understood. Identification of gas-phase intermediates formed from starting materials, typically silane, ammonia, and/or nitrogen, is a critical step in assessing the interplay between gas and surface processes in film formation. Two potential intermediates in this process, HSiNSi and H3SiNSi, have now been detected in a molecular beam by means of rotational spectroscopy. Both molecules were produced in electrical discharges of CVD-like gas mixtures and are the most readily observed silicon-nitrogen-containing molecules in the 6-20 GHz frequency range, though neither has been the subject of prior experimental or theoretical studies. HSiNSi and H3SiNSi are likely formed from reactions involving the silanitrile radical (SiN, isoelectronic to CN), implying that similar gas-phase reactions may be involved in film growth.
Elimination of Fractures in Plated-Through-Hole Printed Circuit Boards by the Use of Ductile Plating (1966)

This paper describes a printed wiring board manufacturing process which assures a crack-free plated-through-hole. The continuity between layers of printed circuit boards is achieved by depositing electroless copper followed by electroplated copper in a hole drilled through the layers. It was found that conventional boards were subject to cracking at the barrel of these holes during soldering. The incipient cracking, due to the differential in coefficient of linear thermal expansion of the G-1O, epoxy-glass and the electrodeposited copper is eliminated by the use of a ductile layer of cyanide copper.
The practising lawyer's view of in-vitro fertilization (1986)

Legal aspects of the in-vitro fertilization of human eggs are discussed by a practising solicitor involved in opening a private clinic. The nature of legal contracts, research protocols and consent forms for patients are discussed. The rights of the embryo are considered in relation to the patient, freezing and research.
Cloning and sequencing of the<i>pac</i>gene encoding the penicillin G acylase of<i>Bacillus megaterium</i>ATCC 14945 (1995)

The pac gene encoding the penicillin G acylase (PGA) of Bacillus megaterium ATCC 14945 has been cloned in Escherichia coli HB101 (proA, leuB) using a selective minimal medium containing phenylacetyl-L-leucine instead of L-leucine. The nucleotide sequence of this gene has been determined and contains an open reading frame of 2406 nucleotides. The deduced amino acid sequence shows significant similarity with other β-lactam acylases. Although the PGA of B. megaterium is extracellular, the enzyme produced in E. coli appears to have a cytoplasmic localization.
Wide Band Tapered Microstrip Leaky-Wave Antenna (2000)

In this paper, we propose an efficient method to widen the radiation bandwidth of the microstrip leaky-wave antenna. In order to achieve this objective, a broad band feeding structure and a tapered microstrip line are proposed. The tapered microstrip line is employed to make the different radiation bands distribute in different areas of the microstrip line. The simulation results and the experimental data show the proposed method is feasible.
Inhibition by anticonvulsants of prostate-specific antigen and interleukin-6 secretion by human prostate cancer cells. (2001)

Further study of the usefulness of anticonvulsants in PCa therapy is warranted.
Navigation concepts for MR image‐guided interventions (2008)

The ongoing development of powerful magnetic resonance imaging techniques also allows for advanced possibilities to guide and control minimally invasive interventions. Various navigation concepts have been described for practically all regions of the body. The specific advantages and limitations of these concepts largely depend on the magnet design of the MR scanner and the interventional environment. Open MR scanners involve minimal patient transfer, which improves the interventional workflow and reduces the need for coregistration, ie, the mapping of spatial coordinates between imaging and intervention position. Most diagnostic scanners, in contrast, do not allow the physician to guide his instrument inside the magnet and, consequently, the patient needs to be moved out of the bore. Although adequate coregistration and navigation concepts for closed-bore scanners are technically more challenging, many developments are driven by the well-known capabilities of high-field systems and their better economic value. Advanced concepts such as multimodal overlays, augmented reality displays, and robotic assistance devices are still in their infancy but might propel the use of intraoperative navigation. The goal of this work is to give an update on MRI-based navigation and related techniques and to briefly discuss the clinical experience and limitations of some selected systems.
Cell‐mediated immunity to myelin basic protein in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (1974)

Encephalitogenic myelin basic protein, the antigen responsible for induction of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in animals, induced a significant proliferative lymphocyte response in the cells of five of eight patients in the acute stages of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, a possible clinical counterpart of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. No significant response was noted in patients recovered from acute disseminated encephalomyelitis nor in patients with multiple sclerosis or other neurologic diseases nor in normal controls. No circulating antibody to myelin basic protein was detected in the sera of any patients or controls. These findings suggest that cell-mediated immunity to myelin basic protein is a concomitant of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and may be important in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Quantitative Assessment of Dietary Adherence in Patients with Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus (1983)

Research on the education of diabetic patients in diet management suffers from lack of an adequate method for describing patients' dietary behavior. In this report, a method is proposed for the quantitative assessment of dietary adherence in patients with IDDM. The method relies on comparisons between individualized diet plans and actual consumption as reflected by 24-h diet recalls. Data are presented that suggest this method has reliability and validity. In a sample of 97 patients with IDDM, nearly two-thirds adhered to the number and timing of planned feedings, while only about 10% of patients adhered to planned exchanges, 90% of the time. The average patient added or deleted one exchange for every four exchanges in the diet plan.
Principal Components Analysis on Major Quality Traits of Winter Wheat (2011)

为了评价小麦品质指标对不同类型小麦品质的贡献大小,采用NCⅡ遗传交配设计对9个冬小麦品种产生的F1代的13个淀粉和蛋白质品质性状进行主成分分析,结果表明:对13个品质性状指标按主成分分析可简化为5个主成分因子,其累积贡献率达85.52%,其中第一主成分因子的贡献最大达到了39.29%,第二主成分因子对品质性状贡献次之。利用主成分分析法对13个小麦主要品质性状进行综合评价,认为在品质性状育种改良过程中,第一、二和四主成分适当增大有利于对强筋小麦品质的改良,第三主成分适当增大时有利于弱筋小麦性状选择和品质改良。
Preparation and physical properties of nonionic aqueous polyurethane coatings containing different side chain PEGME length (2008)

Abstract Nonionic aqueous polyurethane (NAPU) coatings were prepared by a prepolymer process using 4,4‐methylene bis(isocyanatocyclohexane), poly(tetramethylene glycol) with a molecular weight of 2000 g/mol (PTMG2000), ethylenediamine and a synthesized nonionic dispersing centers of various molecular weight produced by isophorone diisocyanate, N ‐diethanol amine, and poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether (PEGME) with different molecular weights. The dispersion properties of the NAPU emulsions, thermal properties of the NAPU casting films, and its tensile strength were studied. Further, the water vapor permeability (WVP) and waterproof of NAPU‐coated fabric were also examined. Our results showed that the surface tension and particle size of NAPU emulsion increase with the decrease in PEGME chain length. For the thermal properties, the melting point of soft‐segment of NAPU casting films was not affected by the PEGME chain length, but the heat of fusion of the soft‐segment was greatly affected. In particular, the NAPU with PEGME chain length of 2000 g/mol has two obviously crystalline endothermic peaks. The lower peak was attributed to crystallizing PTMG2000. The higher peak was attributed to the crystallizing side chain PEGME of M w = 2000 g/mol. The WVP followed the order: NAPU with PEGME chain length 750 g/mol > 550 g/mol > 350 g/mol > 2000 g/mol, and the waterproof increases with increase in PEGME length. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Techniques of cartilage growth enhancement: A review of the literature (1996)

This review attempts to present an overview of the literature pertaining to the techniques of cartilage growth enhancement. Only cartilage has an incomplete capacity for self-repair, especially of superficial defects. Full-thickness defects involving the subchondral bone can be repaired with the use of pluripotent progenitor cells from bone marrow or from transplanted perichondreum or periosteum. Bone-cartilage autografts and allografts transplanted into the cartilage defect heal primarily, but they loose their long-term biomechanical qualities because of transformation into fibrous cartilage. Cultivated human chondrocyte autografts may make cartilage healing possible in the future.
Delayed treatment with rolipram protects against neuronal damage following global ischemia in rats (1997)

In this study the effect of post-treatment with rolipram, an inhibitor of cAMP phosphodiesterase, on neuronal damage following global ischemia was evaluated. Global cerebral ischemia was induced in male Wistar rats by four-vessel occlusion for 20 minutes. Rolipram was administered 6 hours after onset of ischemia and thereafter the following 7 days daily once at a dose of 0.3 or 3.0 mg/kg intraperitoneally. Four weeks after ischemia the amount of intact neurons in the hippocampus and in the striatum was assessed following perfusion fixation. The ischemia-induced neuronal damage in the CA1 sector of the hippocampus and in the striatum was reduced by rolipram at either dose. The present results show that treatment with rolipram reduces ischemic neuronal damage at a therapeutic window of 6 hours.
Determination of reflector surfaces from near-field scattering data (1997)

Consider a reflector system consisting of a reflecting surface R, a point light source O and some object T. Suppose that the source O, reflector R and object T are positioned so that the rays reflected off R are incident on T. Depending on the geometry of R, the energy, radiated by O and redirected by R, is distributed on T producing a certain illumination pattern. We present here a solution of the inverse problem consisting of reconstructing the reflector R from the following data: the position of the source O, its radiation intensity I, the object T, and prespecified energy pattern to be achieved on T. It is shown that under assumptions of geometric optics theory the problem admits a solution, provided the total input and output energies are equal, and some other geometric conditions are satisfied. In analytic formulation, the problem leads to an equation of Monge - Ampère type in a domain on a unit sphere. In this paper we formulate the problem in terms of certain associated measures and establish the existence of weak solutions.