gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temporal changes in the spatial variability of soil nutrients. (1999)

This is a preprint of a paper intended for publication in a journal or proceedings. Since changes may be made before publication, this preprint should not be cited or reproduced without permission of the author. This document was prepared as a account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, or any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for any third party&apos;s use, or the results of such use, of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed in this report, or represents that its use by such third party would not infringe privately owned rights. The views expressed in this paper are not necessarily those of the U.S. Government or the sponsoring agency.
Design and preliminary <i>in vivo</i> validation of a robotic laparoscope holder for minimally invasive surgery (2009)

A novel robotic laparoscope holder has been developed and produced. An in vivo trial proved its value in clinical practice, enabling surgeons to work more comfortably.
Mu-Opioid Stimulation in Rat Prefrontal Cortex Engages Hypothalamic Orexin/Hypocretin-Containing Neurons, and Reveals Dissociable Roles of Nucleus Accumbens and Hypothalamus in Cortically Driven Feeding (2013)

Mu-opioid receptor (μOR) stimulation within ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) induces feeding and hyperactivity, resulting possibly from recruitment of glutamate signaling in multiple vmPFC projection targets. We tested this hypothesis by analyzing Fos expression in vmPFC terminal fields after intra-vmPFC μOR stimulation, and by examining of the impact of glutamate receptor blockade in two feeding-related targets of vmPFC, the lateral-perifornical hypothalamic area (LH-PeF) and nucleus accumbens shell (Acb shell), upon behavioral effects elicited by intra-vmPFC μOR stimulation in rats. Intra-vmPFC infusion of the μOR agonist, DAMGO, provoked Fos expression in the dorsomedial sector of tuberal hypothalamus (including the perifornical area) and increased the percentage of Fos-expressing hypocretin/orexin-immunoreactive neurons in these zones. NMDA receptor blockade in the LH-PeF nearly eliminated intra-vmPFC DAMGO-induced food intake without altering DAMGO-induced hyperactivity. In contrast, blocking AMPA-type glutamate receptors within the Acb shell (the feeding-relevant subtype in this structure) antagonized intra-vmPFC DAMGO-induced hyperlocomotion but enhanced food intake. Intra-vmPFC DAMGO also elevated the breakpoint for sucrose-reinforced progressive-ratio responding; this effect was significantly enhanced by concomitant AMPA blockade in the Acb shell. Conversely, intra-Acb shell AMPA stimulation reduced breakpoint and increased nonspecific responding on the inactive lever. These data indicate intra-vmPFC μOR signaling jointly modulates appetitive motivation and generalized motoric activation through functionally dissociable vmPFC projection targets. These findings may shed light on the circuitry underlying disorganized appetitive responses in psychopathology; e.g., binge eating and opiate or alcohol abuse, disorders in which μORs and aberrant cortical activation have been implicated.
An examination of strategies for estimating capacity to share among private workstations (1992)

The effective management of a cluster of private workstations requires an examination of the characteristics of the usage patterns of workstations. This paper analyzes workstation usage patterns in order to understand opportunities for exploiting idle capacity. Our study is based on traces of user workstation activity in a university environment. It identifies two areas where enhancements can be made. One identified area is the ability of a manager of the shared capacity of a workstation cluster to schedule jobs with deadline constraints. This opportunity is the result of an ability to make good predictions of the time-varying amount of capacity that is available for sharing. A simple prediction strategy is developed which is shown to have only a small amount of error. For the second area of enhancement, we show that it is feasible to allocate partitions of workstations for specific periods. This aids those users who on occasions need exclusive access to several machines. We examine the profile of periods during which exclusive access to partitions can be given, the rate that owners preempt users of partitions, and the distribution of inter-preemption intervals.
Power-efficient spectrum sharing for noncooperative underwater acoustic communication systems (2016)

This paper aims at studying underwater acoustic OFDM communication systems interfering with each others in the same channel. We propose a decentralized spectrum sharing method that minimizes the total power consumed while satisfying a constraint related to their information rate. The considered systems are supposed noncooperative, i.e. unable to communicate with each others so that they cannot agree on a fair resource sharing scheme. The problem is formulated within the framework of game theory and solved according to the Nash Equilibrium concept. Several results are presented and show that interfering UA systems can share the spectrum in a more efficient way, both in terms of energy consumption and information rate.
Die Elektrodialyse als Methode der Trennung und Bestimmung von Basen in biologischen Flüssigkeiten. I. Elektrodialyse wäßriger Lösungen von Carnosin, Kreatin und Kreatinin. (1934)

Article Die Elektrodialyse als Methode der Trennung und Bestimmung von Basen in biologischen Flüssigkeiten. I. Elektrodialyse wäßriger Lösungen von Carnosin, Kreatin und Kreatinin. was published on January 1, 1934 in the journal Biological Chemistry (volume 230, issue 1-6).
Segregation of the Pathways Leading to Cortical Reaction and Cell Cycle Activation in the Rat Egg1 (1998)

At fertilization of the mammalian egg, resumption of the cell cycle and the cortical reaction are two events of egg activation, correlated with an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration and activation of protein kinase C. To evaluate the pathways leading to both events, rat eggs were parthenogenetically activated by the calcium ionophore ionomycin, or by the protein kinase C activators 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol (OAG). Cortical granule exudate was visualized by the lectin Lens culinaris and Texas Red streptavidin, using a confocal microscope. Resumption of meiosis was detected by Hoechst dye, and intracellular Ca2+ concentration by fura-2. Ionomycin triggered both a cortical reaction and resumption of meiosis, while chelation of intracellular Ca2+ rise by BAPTA-AM (1,2-bis-(O-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-acetoxymethyl ester) revealed a segregation between these two events. A low Ca2+ transient (approximately 150 nM) induced a partial cortical reaction in half of the eggs, but the meiotic status was not affected. TPA triggered a cortical reaction with neither resumption of meiosis nor intracellular Ca2+ rise, while OAG induced both aspects of activation, as well as a significant intracellular Ca2+ rise. We conclude that in the cascade of events leading to egg activation, the initial Ca2+ rise is followed by a segregation in the pathway. A relatively low Ca2+ rise is sufficient to induce a partial cortical reaction. However, a higher level of Ca2+ is required to complete the cortical reaction and resumption of meiosis. The activation of the cell cycle is Ca2+-dependent, but protein kinase C-independent.
Data analysis of not well separable clusters of different feature density with a two-layer classification system comprised of a SOM and an ART 2-A network (2002)

This paper introduces a two-layer classification system. The system is suitable for classification tasks of high-dimensional feature spaces which contain not well separable clusters of different feature density. The first layer, a modified SOM, calculates a set of reference vectors of the feature distribution under preservation of neighborhood relations. The modification supports the learning of definite neurons into the direction of clusters with low feature density better than the basic algorithm. In the second layer an ART 2-A network classifies similar and possibly scaled reference vectors into the same class. After classification, each class can contain several reference vectors, which characterize a distribution density function inside the determined classes. In addition an application of the two-layer classification system in the field of biomedical data analysis is described.
Combinational logic analysis case studies using laser voltage probing (2016)

Combinational logic analysis has been introduced to improve fault isolation when using laser voltage probing on standard cells. The technique has been shown to offer more reliable isolation within a shorter time thereby increasing FI efficiency. This paper uses interesting case studies to showcase how incorporating into conventional laser voltage probing significantly improves the success rate of failure analysis.
Trends in large-deformation analysis of landslide mass movements with particular emphasis on the material point method (2017)

2016) examined a number of continuum-based large-deformation analysis methods to simulate the complex mechanics of landslide motion. In particular, the authors highlighted the benefits of the material point method (MPM) and presented two case studies to demonstrate its capability in modelling the pre-and post-failure behaviour of landslides. Some interesting findings were obtained. The authors mentioned that further work is required for practitioners to gain confidence in adopting these numerical tools in engineering practice. The need for verification of numerical models against case studies and investigation of constitutive models was emphasised.
Formation of a Buried Lateral Density Grating in Azobenzene Polymer Films (2000)

A density grating buried under a smooth surface is reported for an azobenzene-containing polymer film. The grating is formed by annealing a polymer sample pre-inscribed with a surface grating for several hours above Tg, creating a lateral density difference on the order of 10 %. It is shown that the rate of the process can be influenced by the intensity and polarization of the probe laser. Growth of photoinduced liquid–crystalline aggregates is proposed as the most probable explanation for the observed behavior.
Solving Boolean equations using ROSOP forms (1998)

Boolean equations are important tools in digital logic. Previous algorithms for solving Boolean equations are based on the Boolean algebra of disjoint SOP forms. In this paper, we develop a new Boolean algebra with more efficient Boolean operation algorithms, called the reduced ordered SOP (ROSOP) forms, which are canonical representations. ROSOPs are closely related to the well-known OBDD data structure. The results here also show the algebraic structure of OBDDs.
2‐Bromimidoylchloride (1979)

Abstract Durch kontrolliertes Erhitzen in Thionylchlorid werden die reaktionsträgen 2‐Bromamide 6 in die 2‐Bromimidoylchloride 7 übergeführt, die rein dargestellt und IR‐, 1 H‐NMR‐ und zum Teil auch 13 C‐NMR‐spektroskopisch charakterisiert werden. Die Grenzen der Methode werden auf zu geringe Reaktivität der 2‐Bromamide oder die thermische Zersetzung der gebildeten Imidoylchloride in einer Von‐Braun‐Reaktion zurückgeführt.
A new approach for locating the minor apical foramen using an artificial neural network (2011)

Artificial neural networks can act as a second opinion to locate the AF on radiographs to enhance the accuracy of working length determination by radiography. In addition, ANN can function as a decision-making system in various similar clinical situations.
Combined Reactive-Geographic routing for Unmanned Aeronautical Ad-hoc Networks (2012)

As a result of high mobility of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), designing a good routing protocol is challenging for Unmanned Aeronautical Ad-hoc Networks (UAANETs). Geographic-based routing mechanisms are seen to be an interesting option for routing in UAANETs due to the fact that location information of UAVs is readily available. In this paper, a combined routing protocol, called the Reactive-Greedy-Reactive (RGR), is presented for UAANET applications, which combines the mechanisms of the Greedy Geographic Forwarding (GGF) and reactive routing. The proposed RGR employs location information of UAVs as well as reactive end-to-end paths in the routing process. Simulation results show that RGR outperforms existing protocols such as Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) in search UAANET missions in terms of delay and packet delivery ratio, yet its overhead is similar to traditional mechanisms.
12α-HALO DERIVATIVES OF 11β-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT12α-HALO DERIVATIVES OF 11β-HYDROXYPROGESTERONEJosef E. Herz, Josef Fried, and Emily F. SaboCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 9, 2017–2018Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01590a072https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01590a072research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views63Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ultraviolet B-induced DNA fragmentation (apoptosis) in activated T-lymphocytes and Jurkat cells is augmented by inhibition of RNA and protein synthesis. (1992)

UVB (280-320 nm) light profoundly affects cellular immunity and immunogenicity. To further characterize the interaction of UVB light with T cells, we examined UVB-induced DNA fragmentation patterns in normal T cells and the T-cell line Jurkat. Resting or preactivated peripheral blood T cells from normal donors or Jurkat cells were exposed to various doses of UVB or gamma irradiation. Cells were sampled at 0-48 h after exposure, and DNA fragmentation was analyzed by electrophoresis in agarose gels. UVB and gamma irradiation, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, induced DNA fragmentation in Jurkat cells and in T cells preactivated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA; 10 micrograms/ml) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA; 10 ng/ml), but not in resting T cells. The presence of RNA or protein synthesis inhibitors such as actinomycin D or cycloheximide neither inhibited nor delayed DNA fragmentation; in fact, DNA fragmentation was augmented above control values. Similarly, DNA fragmentation increased in the presence of the calcium-chelating agent ethylene-glycol-bis-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and decreased in the presence of the calcium ionophore A23187. In the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), DNA fragmentation decreased. In summary, these data show that UVB-induced DNA fragmentation strongly depends upon the cell activation status, and upon the presence of divalent cations other than calcium, possibly magnesium. The data indicate furthermore that in this model, inhibition of RNA or protein synthesis can induce rather than inhibit apoptosis, suggesting that the synthesis inhibitors disrupted primarily the synthesis or action of enzymes ordinarily aimed at repairing DNA fragmentation.
Risk Communication (2017)

This chapter touches on the major issues regarding communication of environmental risks, and presents several scenarios in which risk communication is important. Risk itself is a difficult concept to understand, even for the engineer or scientist. Can one fully comprehend the fact that each of us has a 0.000035 chance of being hit by lightning during our lives, or that one would need to buy a lottery ticket once a year to have a 0.000035 chance of winning a million dollars? For the public, such concepts are even more difficult to understand. Thus, engineers and scientists may be tempted to avoid involving these non-experts in the process. The chapter covers risk communication related primarily to health risk assessments, emphasizing community outreach, public notification, comparison of relative risks, and analysis of the sometimes large discrepancies between risk perception by the public and that by technical experts.
Properties of end‐plate channels in rats immunized against acetylcholine receptors (1981)

1. Rats injected with purified acetylcholine receptors (AChR) extracted from electric organs of Torpedo marmorata showed clinical symptoms consistent with the development of experimental myasthenia gravis.2. Sera of rats with this disease contain high levels of anti-AChR antibodies. However, no simple correlation was found between antibody titre and miniature end-plate current (m.e.p.c.) amplitude.3. M.e.p.c.s. at the end-plates of rats injected with AChR (Anti-R), emulsified in complete Freund Adjuvant (CFA), were reduced to about one third the size of controls taken from rats injected only with CFA (Anti-CFA). Mean m.e.p.c. (Anti-R) = 0.73 +/- 0.06 nA; mean m.e.p.c. (Anti-CFA) = 2.43 +/- 0.12 nA (V(m) = -80 mV, T = 20 degrees C).4. The m.e.p.c. decay time constant, tau(m.e.p.c.), is similar at immunized and control rat end-plates. tau(m.e.p.c.) (Anti-R) = 1.32 +/- 0.06 msec; tau(m.e.p.c.) (Anti-CFA) = 1.31 +/- 0.06 msec (V(m) = -80 mV, T = 20 degrees C).5. The end-plate current decay time constant, tau(e.p.c.), is similar at immunized and control end-plates and in both cases depends exponentially on membrane potential. The change in membrane potential required to produce an e-fold change in tau(e.p.c.) is 102.0 +/- 5.72 mV at immunized (Anti-R) end-plates and 92.3 +/- 6.14 mV at control (Anti-CFA) end-plates at T = 10 degrees C.6. Acetylcholine noise was examined at immunized and control rat end-plates at 10 degrees C. Analysis of noise indicates that the single channel conductance, gamma, and mean channel life-time, tau(noise), are essentially unchanged by immunization against AChR. gamma (Anti-R) = 13.15 +/- 0.53 pS; gamma (Anti-CFA) = 12.50 +/- 0.50 pS; tau(noise) (Anti-R) = 2.9 +/- 0.18 msec; tau(noise) (Anti-CFA) = 2.68 +/- 0.14 msec (V(m) = -80 mV, T = 10 degrees C).7. Mean quantal content and Ca(2+) dependence of the end-plate potential are unchanged at immunized end-plates.8. It is concluded that at immunized end-plates the number of activated receptor-channel complexes is reduced without modification of single channel properties. In this respect the immunized rat end-plate is a good model for myasthenia gravis affected human end-plates.
Hitless-Reconfigurable and Bandwidth-Scalable Silicon Photonic Circuits for Telecom and Interconnect Applications (2008)

We describe silicon microring-resonator-based microphotonic circuits that support complete (amplitude and phase) disabling of resonant states, enabling novel capabilities: truly- hitless switching/tuning of high-order, telecom-grade channel add-drop filters, dispersionless FSR multiplication, and "hot-swapping" of photonic subsystems.
Two Distinct Sites on Gβγ are Required for Binding to the N‐Terminus Versus the Activation Site on Adenylyl Cyclase (2011)

The heterotrimeric G protein α and βγ subunits are important regulators of adenylyl cyclase (AC), which controls synthesis of the second messenger cyclic AMP. In the inactive state, critical effector sites on Gα and Gβγ are not available. When activated, the subunits either dissociate or rearrange to expose these sites to effectors. However, we have previously shown that AC5 binds to inactive Gs heterotrimer at its N‐terminus (NT), while Gβγ conditional stimulation of AC5 is independent of this binding site. Both FRET and BiFC in live cells support interactions between Gβγ and AC5 that are at least partially dependent on the NT. We hypothesize that Gβγ utilizes two different surfaces to interact with the NT versus the activation sites on AC5 and AC6. In support of this hypothesis, mutations of the Gβγ effector surface were tested for Gβγ conditional stimulation of AC5 and for binding to AC5‐NT. Several Gβγ mutants, including W99A, are unable to support Gβγ activation, but have no effect on Gβγ binding to AC5‐NT. We have also utilized the SIGK peptide as a competition inhibitor of Gβγ “hotspot” interactions. SIGK is a strong inhibitor of Gβγ stimulation of AC6, but has little effect on Gβγ binding to AC6‐NT. Furthermore, Gβγ binds to the NT of many AC isoforms, suggesting that AC anchoring of heterotrimer may be a common theme for ACs to facilitate regulation by both α and βγ subunits. Supported by NIH grant GM60419 and AHA.
Starch Biosynthesis: Understanding the Functions and Interactions of Multiple Isozymes of Starch Synthase and Branching Enzyme. (1998)

デンプンは、地球上で最も重要なカロリー源であり、また植物における重要な貯蔵物質である。しかし、その重要性にも関わらず、デンプンがいかにして合成されるのか、そしてその合成はどのように開始されるのか、またデンプンの構造が何によって制御されているのかは、完全には理解されていない。しかし、これまでにデンプン生合成系に関与する多数の遺伝子が単離され、starch synthase と branching enzyme に多様なアイソザイムがあることが示されている。例えばトウモロコシからは、5つの starch synthase 遺伝子と3つの branching enzyme 遺伝子が単離されている。デンプン生合成の機構を完全に説明するためには、デンプン合成に関与する個々の酵素の機能を理解することとともに、多様なアイソザイムの協同作用について理解することが必要である。さて、トウモロコシは食品ならびに非食品産業用デンプンの最大の供給源であり、また遺伝学的および生化学的研究の良い対象でもある。そこで、私たちはデンプン生合成の機構、特にデンプン合成開始反応、および多様な starch synthase アイソザイムと branching enzyme アイソザイムの機能および相互作用を議論する上でのモデル植物として、トウモロコシをとりあげたい。
Expression and promoter analysis of <i>Xenopus DMRT1</i> and functional characterization of the transactivation property of its protein (2006)

The doublesex and mab-3-related transcription factor 1 (DMRT1) is involved in testis formation in a variety of vertebrates. In the teleost fish, Medaka, DMY/DMRT1Y on the Y chromosome, a duplicate of the autosomal DMRT1 gene, is characterized as a sex-determining gene. We report here the characterization of the Xenopus DMRT1 genes. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed that X. laevis DMRT1 was expressed throughout the embryo during early development and was restricted to the primordial gonads after embryogenesis. Whole-mount in situ hybridization analysis of the gene confirmed its specific expression in the primordial gonads. To study the transcriptional control of DMRT1 gene expression, we isolated the predicted promoter region of X. tropicalis DMRT1 using databases for this species. Analysis of transgenic tadpoles with a green fluorescence protein (GFP) reporter showed that approximately 3 kb of the 5'-flanking sequence of the DMRT1 gene was implicated in DMRT1 expression in the primordial gonads. We also showed that the C-terminal region of DMRT1 functioned as a transactivation domain in cultured cells, by a luciferase reporter assay using fusion proteins with the DNA-binding domain of GAL4. These findings suggest that DMRT1 functions as an activator of one or more genes involved in sex determination or gonadal differentiation.