gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Le traitement de la « dangerosité » en Belgique : internement et mise à la disposition du gouvernement. Séminaire GERN "Longues peines et peines indéfinies. Punir la dangerosité" (Bruxelles, 13 mars 2009) (2011)

Depuis 1930, la Belgique dispose de deux mecanismes permettant soit l’allongement de certaines peines, soit l’indetermination de leur duree. Il s’agit, d’une part, de l’internement des delinquants anormaux et, d’autre part, de la mise a la disposition du gouvernement des recidivistes et delinquants d’habitude. En complement des autres presentations nationales du seminaire du GERN « Longues peines et peines indefinies. Punir la dangerosite », l’objet de cette contribution est double : presenter le cadre normatif de ces mecanismes en en soulignant les grands enjeux tels qu’ils apparurent notamment dans les debats entre juristes et medecins ; juger de l’effectivite de ces mecanismes en examinant, tant que faire se peut, l’usage qui en a ete fait.
Functional Morphology of Epithelium of the Small Intestine (1991)

The sections in this article are: 1 General Considerations 1.1 Supporting Elements of Epithelium 1.2 Compartmentalization of Epithelium 1.3 Contribution of the Paracellular Pathway to Secretion and Absorption 1.4 Polarity of Epithelial Cells 2 Structure of "Absorbing" Epithelial Cells 2.1 Villus Absorptive Cells 2.2 M Cells 3 Structure of "Secreting" Epithelial Cells 3.1 Undifferentiated Crypt Cells 3.2 Goblet Cells 3.3 Enteroendocrine Cells 3.4 Paneth Cells 4 Structure of Epithelial Cells not Currently known to have Absorptive or Secretory Function 4.1 Tuft Cells 4.2 Cup Cells
Hardware embedded current control PWM &#x0022;Hi-PWM&#x0022; to reduce switching frequency for application to railway (2010)

This paper presents a hysteresis based current control PWM named "Hi-PWM”, which has several advantages such as quick response of current, less fluctuation of switching frequency and less harmonic components. In this paper, the analysis of Hi-PWM applied railway traction system is explained. This paper also shows temperature and loss simulation of power device using Hi-PWM and experiment result of operating induction motor thru Hi-PWM controlled voltage source inverter.
Rumen (2001)

Abstract The rumen is a large pregastric fermentation compartment (foregut) which maintains a diverse but concentrated population of anaerobic bacteria, protozoa and fungi that are responsible for a variety of degradative and fermentative reactions. During this process biodegradable organic matter, mainly plant cell wall polymers, are converted into volatile fatty acids and microbial biomass which supply energy and protein to the host (ruminant) animal.
Maximum Likelihood Parameter Estimation for Acoustic Transducer Calibration (1988)

Abstract : This report examines maximum likelihood parameter estimation for signal models characteristic of the stepped sinusoid response of underwater acoustic transducers. The estimation problem is found to be particularly difficult when the stepped sinusoid excitation is at or near a resonance and the observation time is short compared to the model transient. A variable projection implementation of maximum likelihood estimator is used to study parameter estimation when the excitation is near resonance.
The Halogenation of Polypropylene. (1959)

前報に引続きポリプロピレン誘導体の研究の第1段階としてatacticpolypropyleneの均一系における臭素化ならびにisotacticpolypropylene(Moplene M-1)の不均一系における塩素化について研究した。前者の臭素化反応は散乱光の影響を受け易いが暗所においては再現性のあるデータが得られた。そして,置換反応の見かけの活性化エネルギーとして,11.4kcal/molを得た。また0℃においては付加反応が選択的におきており,散乱光の影響はない。MopleneM-1を不均一系で塩素化した場合(試料を固体のまま80mesh以下のNaCl粉末と混和し,直接塩素化する)反応生成物のlogCl%をlog(反応時間)に対してプロットすると直線関係が成立し,この反応速度実験式から求めた見かけの活性化エネルギーは4.5kcal/molであった。今回行なった反応温度範囲は85～105℃,反応時間1～12時間,生成ポリマーのCl%は0～25.8%である。生成ポリマーの極限粘度は反応時間の1次で徐々に減少するが,軟化点ならびに結晶化度の低下は少ない。
Role of SPAK binding sites in SLC12 cotransporters basal activity and regulation by WNK3 (2010)

With‐no‐lysine kinase 3 (WNK3) is a powerful activator of NKCC1/2 and NCC while is an inhibitor of KCC1 ‐ KCC4. WNKs lie upstream of the STE‐20 kinases SPAK/OSR1. It is known that interaction with SPAK occurs through the SPAK‐binding motif, RFx(V/I). WNK3 contains three such motifs, NCC and NKCC2 one; while KCC4 lacks this motif. In the present study we examined the relevance of SPAK binding sites for NCC, NKCC2, and KCC4 basal activity and regulation by WNK3. The sites of WNK3 (F242A, F745A, or F1337A; one at a time), NCC (F19A), and NKCC2 (F17A) were eliminated. Basal activity and effect of WNK3 was assessed by measuring the tracer 22 Na + or 86 Rb + uptake in Xenopus oocytes injected with wild type or mutant cRNAs. Basal activity of NCC‐F19A and NKCC2‐F17A was reduced by ~50%. However, the response to WNK3 and to intracellular chloride depletion was still present. The effect of WNK3 toward NKCC2, but not NCC or KCC4, was eliminated by WNK3‐F1337A. Interestingly, the WNK3 effect towards NCC or KCC4, but not NKCC2, was prevented in WNK3‐F242A. Biochemical analysis revealed that catalytic activity is preserved in both, WNK3‐F242A and WNK3‐F1337A. Thus, we conclude that basal activity of NCC and NKCC2, but not KCC4 requires the presence of an SPAK binding site on the cotransporter. Modulation of NCC, NKCC2, and KCC4 by WNK3 requires SPAK binding sites in the kinase, however, different sites are used for regulation of NKCC2 in contrast to NCC or KCC4.
Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibition Synergizes with Relaxin Signaling to Promote Decidualization of Human Endometrial Stromal Cells (2004)

The decidualization of endometrial stromal cells in the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle is an essential prerequisite for the implantation of a blastocyst. This profound differentiation process is accompanied by sustained elevated intracellular cAMP concentrations in vivo. Primary cell cultures of endometrial stromal cells decidualize by treatment with cAMP-elevating agents in vitro. Our previous findings indicated that the cAMP-degrading activities of phosphodiesterases (PDE) and signaling of the peptide hormone relaxin are coupled in human endometrial stromal cells. In the present study we have chosen a pharmacological approach to test whether relaxin binding and PDE inhibition cooperate to induce decidualization. Measurement of PDE activity and relaxin-stimulated cAMP accumulation in the presence of diverse PDE inhibitors identified PDE4 and PDE8 as the principal PDE isoforms involved in human endometrial stromal cells. The PDE4 inhibitor rolipram was most effective in elevating intracellular cAMP concentrations and synergizing with relaxin to achieve maximal in vitro decidualization, as determined by measurement of the expression of the decidual marker genes for prolactin and IGF-binding protein-1 and measurement of prolactin secretion. Gene expression for PDE4D and PDE4C was significantly up-regulated during in vitro decidualization. Treatment of cell cultures with the protein kinase A inhibitor H89 revealed a minor role for protein kinase A-mediated positive feedback control of PDE4 activity in human endometrial stromal cells, consistent with sustained elevated cAMP essential for decidualization in vitro. These findings introduce the new idea of clinically applying the combination of a specific PDE4 inhibitor with an effector such as relaxin, thereby offering an alternative nonsteroidal luteal phase support for the endometrium to encourage endometrial development and implantation in subfertile women undergoing assisted reproductive technology procedures.
Triplet excitons and Delayed Fluorescence in Anthracene Crystals (1963)

Delayed fluorescence was detected in laser-induced fluorescence in anthracene single crystals after the laser pulse ended. The rate of decay of this fluorescence and other experimental observations was explained by assuming that the singlet state giving rise to the fluorescence is produced by a bimolecular annihilation of triplet excitons generated directly by the laser light. The lifetime and the bimolecular interaction rate constant of the triplet excitons were found to be 10 msec and 10/sup -11/ cm/sup 3/ sec-/sup 1/, respectively. (C.E.S.)
Monitoring of electrical current in rabbit and porcine cartilage tissue during electromechanical reshaping (2010)

Electro Mechanical Reshaping (EMR) with platinum needle electrodes has been recently developed to shape cartilage
without conventional cut and suture surgery. This study investigates the relationship between the voltage applied, the
electrical current measured during EMR, and the resulting shape. Monitoring the electrical current provides information
to model the electro-chemistry, which will aid in determining the onset of shape stabilization. Porcine costal grafts,
rabbit auricular, and porcine auricular tissue were bent into a 90° angle using a moulage. Platinum needle electrodes
were then placed in contact with the cartilage and a constant voltage was applied for a set time. The electrical current
was measured during the process and total charge transferred was calculated. The cartilage specimen was then removed
from the jig and photographed after one minute in order to determine the resulting bend angle. Results show that a higher
current in tissue is produced with increasing applied voltage. Each current trace is unique and is dependent on tissue
thickness and inter-electrode distances. Understanding the electrical current process ultimately leads to optimizing EMR
and feedback control. Voltage, for example, could be varied in real-time during EMR to produce a constant chemical
reaction rate and potentially reduce total tissue dehydration in contact with electrodes. In conclusion, electric current
traces provide information about chemical kinetics during EMR that depend on exposure settings, and monitoring these
traces is an important step in optimizing the reshaping process.
Solid Ion-Exchange Electrode Selective for Calcium Ion (1968)

A calcium-selective electrode with solid ion exchanger was prepared from a solution of the calcium salt of a dialkylphosphoric acid in collodion. The electrode responds rapidly and reproducibly to activity of calcium ion and demonstrates a selective response for calcium ion in the presence of alkaline earth and alkali metal cations.
La maladie génétique au quotidien (2013)

Quatre cents enfants naissent chaque année en France avec la drépanocytose, la plus fréquente des maladies génétiques dans notre pays. Vingt mille patients doivent vivre au quotidien avec cette maladie, invisible en dehors de crises douloureuses extrêmement violentes liées au blocage des globules rouges anormaux dans les vaisseaux sanguins. Elle peut toucher tous les organes et laisser de graves séquelles fonctionnelles. Encore ignorée du grand public, elle est également méconnue de beaucoup de soignants. Ce livre est basé sur des entretiens menés avec vingt-neuf patients vivant en Île-de-France. Dans ces « histoires de vie » souvent poignantes, chacun dit son parcours professionnel, sa stratégie pour concilier travail et problèmes de santé. Il s’interroge : doit-il se considérer comme normal, handicapé, ou comme les deux à la fois ? Derrière une normalité apparente, il se sait atteint d’une maladie imprévisible, qui peut à tout moment se révéler grave, rendant son présent incertain. Comment envisager une famille, la possible transmission de la maladie aux enfants ? Comment apprendre à vivre malgré l’emprise de la drépanocytose ?
Néoangiogenèse thérapeutique par transfection du gène codant pour le facteur de croissance endothélial vasculaire : premières applications cliniques (2002)

Apres un rappel des bases fondamentales de l'utilisation des facteurs de l'angiogenese dans le traitement des pathologies liees a une ischemie tissulaire, les resultats de cinq essais cliniques de therapie genique de phase I sont presentes succinctement. Un essai concerne le traitement de l'ischemie des membres inferieurs par transfert du gene codant pour le VEGF 165 chez dix patients et quatre essais l'ischemie myocardique par transfert du gene codant pour le VEGF 165 ou VEGF 121 pour un total de 59 patients. Les premiers resultats sont encourageants et devraient entrainer dans l'avenir la mise en place d'essais de phase II et III.
Endothelial CYP epoxygenase overexpression and soluble epoxide hydrolase disruption attenuate acute vascular inflammatory responses in mice (2010)

Cytochrome P-450 (CYP)-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) possess potent anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. However, the effect of increased CYP-mediated EET biosynthesis and decreased soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH, Ephx2)-mediated EET hydrolysis on vascular inflammation in vivo has not been rigorously investigated. Consequently, we characterized acute vascular inflammatory responses to endotoxin in transgenic mice with endothelial expression of the human CYP2J2 and CYP2C8 epoxygenases and mice with targeted disruption of Ephx2. Compared to wild-type controls, CYP2J2 transgenic, CYP2C8 transgenic, and Ephx2(-/-) mice each exhibited a significant attenuation of endotoxin-induced activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling, cellular adhesion molecule, chemokine and cytokine expression, and neutrophil infiltration in lung in vivo. Furthermore, attenuation of endotoxin-induced NF-κB activation and cellular adhesion molecule and chemokine expression was observed in primary pulmonary endothelial cells isolated from CYP2J2 and CYP2C8 transgenic mice. This attenuation was inhibited by a putative EET receptor antagonist and CYP epoxygenase inhibitor, directly implicating CYP epoxygenase-derived EETs with the observed anti-inflammatory phenotype. Collectively, these data demonstrate that potentiation of the CYP epoxygenase pathway by either increased endothelial EET biosynthesis or globally decreased EET hydrolysis attenuates NF-κB-dependent vascular inflammatory responses in vivo and may serve as a viable anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategy.
The costs of prostatectomy for benign prostatic hyperplasia (1993)

Using claims data for a 5% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries, we estimated the costs of surgical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), including those related to the initial prostatectomy, the treatment of postsurgical complications, and reoperation within one year. We identified 14,480 men who underwent prostatectomy for BPH during 1986-1987, including 13,730 transurethral and 750 open procedures. Mean total inpatient costs (including all hospital charges and professional service fees) for these procedures were estimated to be $6,501 and $10,223, respectively. Among patients who underwent transurethral and open prostatectomy, we identified 938 (6.8%) and 39 (5.2%) individuals who had at least one readmission for postsurgical complications or reoperation. Total expected costs of transurethral and open prostatectomy, inclusive of readmissions for complications and reoperations within one year, were estimated to be $6,823 and $10,477, respectively. Our study indicates the economic burden represented by surgical treatment of BPH.
Formation of Triplexes of Diastereoisomers of 2′‐<i>O</i>‐Methyladenylyl‐3′,5′‐2′‐<i>O</i>‐Methyladenosine Ethylphosphotriesters and 2′‐<i>O</i>‐Methyladenylyl‐ 3′,5′‐2′‐<i>O</i>‐Methyladenosine Methyl Phosphonates with Polyuridylic Acid and Polythymidylic Acid: A Steric Effect (1993)

Abstract The triplex formation of diastereoisomers of 2′‐ O ‐methyladenylyl‐3′,5′‐2′‐ O ‐methyladenosine ethylphosphotriesters and 2′‐ O ‐methyladenylyl‐3′,5′‐2′‐ O ‐methyladenosinc methyl phosphonates with polyuridylic acid and polythymidylic acid was monitored by UV spectral mediods. Possible steric effects on the stability of the triplex are discussed with the aid of simulated chemical structures.
Horizontal ethanol floods in clean, uniform, and layered sand packs under confined conditions (1999)

Six ethanol floods were conducted in clean, uniform, and layered crystal silica sands to establish a baseline performance and sweep efficiency of ethanol flooding in clean sand packs under confined conditions. Flow experiments were conducted with horizontal darcy velocities of the order of 4 to 12 m d −1 . At darcy velocities less than 5 m d −1 the time required for the propagating ethanol front to reach its stable configuration compared well with predictions based on a model of gravity segregation of miscible liquids in a no‐flow domain. The stabilized angles of the advancing ethanol front in uniform fine sand packs varied between 45° and 77°, depending on the darcy velocity. Poor agreement was obtained between the measured inclination angles and predictions based on several previously published sharp interface models that exclude the effects of dispersion. However, the measured inclination angles compare well with the angles predicted by the method of Hawthorne [1960] when the method is modified to account for the peak viscosity of the ethanol‐water system. Finally, in layered sand packs using coarse and fine sands, gravity override of the ethanol was greatly exaggerated because of anisotropy introduced by the layering.
Arterial blood sampling devices influence ionized calcium measurements (1995)

This study demonstrates that various commercially available arterial blood sampling devices alter arterial blood ionized calcium measurements. These alterations are clinically important because ICU patients may be treated with inappropriate calcium supplementation.
MissileLab: An Expert System for Aerodynamic Studies (2007)

In an effort to address technology gaps and ultimately the warfighter’s immediate in theater needs a variety of unconventional configurations have been proposed in recent months. Some of these concepts attempt to combine the qualities of a small UAV with those of a missile and the non-traditional result is a configuration that is well outside the intended bounds of most semi-empirical aerodynamic prediction codes.
Evaluation and treatment of juvenile delinquents (1998)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Interpenetrating polymer networks of poly(carbonate‐urethane) and polymethyl methacrylate (1991)

Abstract We report the synthesis and characterization of interpentrating polymer networks (IPN's), pseudo INPN's, and blends of urethane‐containing aliphatic polycarbonates (PCU) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The simultaneous full IPN's of PCU's and PMMA over the whole composition range have only one T g , as determined by DSC and DMA which, together with transmission electron microscopy observations, suggest a single phase morphology even though the linear chain blends are completely immiscible. The full IPN's exhibit a maximum tensile strength at a certain composition, and superior solvent and heat resistance as compared to the pseudo IPN's, linear blends, and the pure crosslinked PCU's and PMMA.
The critical hydrophobic interaction concentration for aqueous tetra-n-butylammonium bromide (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe critical hydrophobic interaction concentration for aqueous tetra-n-butylammonium bromideWim J. Mulder and Jan B. F. N. EngbertsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 14, 3353–3355Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00249a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00249a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views47Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Quantum Confinement Effects in CdSe Quantum Dots (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuantum Confinement Effects in CdSe Quantum DotsB. Zorman, M. V. Ramakrishna, and R. A. FriesnerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 19, 7649–7653Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/j100019a052RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1868Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (549 KB) Get e-Alerts
Zur Thermodynamik der Dimerisierung von gasförmigem CrI2, MnI2, FeI2und CoI2: experimentelle und quantenchemische Untersuchungen (2001)

Mit quantenchemischen Methoden wurden die Molwärmen und Entropien von monomeren und dimeren Iodiden einiger 3d-Metalle berechnet. Die Dimerisierungsgleichgewichte wurden mit Hilfe von Knudsenzellenmessungen in Kombination mit massenspektrometrischer Analyse der Molekularstrahlen untersucht und aus den experimentellen und theoretischen Untersuchungen Daten für die Standardbildungsenthalpien der monomeren und dimeren Iodide abgeleitet. Thermodynamic Data of the Dimerisation of Gaseous CrI2(g), MnI2(g), FeI2(g), and CoI2(g), Experimental and Quantum Chemical Investigations By means of quantum chemical methods molar heats and entropies as a function of temperature for the monomeric and dimeric diiodides of 3d-metals have been calculated. From mass-spectrometric measurements of the dimerisation equilibria of gaseous CrI2, MnI2, FeI2, and CoI2 using the Knudsen-effusion method the heats of dimerisation and the heats of formation of the monomeric and dimeric iodides could be derived using the results of the quantum chemical calculations.