gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrostatic Interactions and Complex Formation of N-carboxyethylchitosan with Pectin (2007)

Attractive, electrostatic interactions between oppositely charged polyelectrolytes have been used to prepare a novel complex between a polyampholyte — N‐carboxyethylchitosan (CECh) and a natural polyanion — pectin. The complex CECh/pectin is formed in the pH range 2.4–6.0. The optimum stoichiometry of the complexes at different pH has been determined. All the complexes are non‐stoichiometric and positively charged.
Development of distributed measurement and control systems for application in electrical energy systems (2013)

In this paper LPC1766 microcontroller based network capable application processor (NCAP) system, is described. This system is intended to be used in modern distributed control and monitoring systems for application in power plants and industry, as well as in modern electricity distribution networks. In order to do that it is necessary to analyze different aspects of the system, like signal processing part or communication requirements. The chosen microcontroller has enough resources to satisfy requirements of an transducer interface module (TIM). Beside the realization of NCAp and TIM controllers it is necessary to develop the necessary measurement modules, in order to realize measurement-control systems. The developed layout could be connected to actuators to the local area network (LAN), as well. If the local LAN is connected to the internet it is possible to monitor and configure measurement modules form the remote site. Having in mind the growing complexity in control systems, it has been a real challenge to detect a diagnose problems in today's large scale distributed systems. Implementation of the proposed module could potentially reduce the time necessary to extract necessary information from the abundant quantity of information that are usually provided by the complex distributed systems.
Vergleichbare SVR-Raten für IL 28B CC, CT oder TT behandlungserfahrene Patienten mit vorherigem Relapse, Partial- oder Null-Response bei Behandlung mit Telaprevir/Peginterferon/Ribavirin: Retrospektive Analyse der Phase III-Studie REALIZE (2011)

Einleitung/Ziele: IL28B Polymorphismen sind assoziiert mit Unterschieden in SVR-Raten bei HCV- behandlungsnaiven Patienten, die mit Peginterferon (P) und Ribavirin (R) behandelt werden. In REALIZE wurden Wirksamkeit, Sicherheit und Verträglichkeit von Telaprevir (T) mit oder ohne Lead-in (LI), in Kombination mit PR vs. PR alleine bei vorbehandelten Patienten, inkl. Relapsern, Partial Respondern und Null Respondern (NR) verglichen. Beide T/PR-Arme waren dem Kontrollarm in allen 3 Patientenkategorien überlegen. Das Verhältnis von IL28B Genotyp zu SVR wurde retrospektiv untersucht.
Measurement based model of an SOA-MZI wavelength converter (2003)

For a semiconductor optical amplifier-Mach Zehnder interferometer wavelength converter, a novel model based on measured characterization data is described and good agreement is demonstrated between calculated and measured results for the time-resolved chirp and intensity of the wavelength-converted signal.
Secretory Unit of Islet Transplant Objects (SUITO) Index Can Predict Severity of Hypoglycemic Episodes in Clinical Islet Cell Transplantation (2011)

One endpoint of clinical islet cell transplantation for type 1 diabetic patients is the elimination or reduction of hypoglycemia. We previously developed a simple tool to evaluate islet graft function: the secretory unit of islet transplant objects (SUITO) index. The aim of this study is to clarify the association between the SUITO index and hypoglycemic episodes. Data from 310 clinical evaluations of 11 islet recipients were included in this study. Fasting plasma C-peptide and glucose levels were measured at every evaluation. The SUITO index was calculated according to the following formula: 1500 × C-peptide level (ng/ml)/[blood glucose level (mg/dl) - 63]. The number of hypoglycemic events (<3.8 mmol/L) and severe hypoglycemic events (<2.2 mmol/L or hypoglycemic unawareness) was assessed on the basis of interviews and self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to determine the cut-off values of the SUITO index for hypoglycemic events. Based on the ROC study, follow-up data after transplantations were divided into the following three groups: low-SUITO (SUITO index <10, n = 91), middle-SUITO (10 ≤SUITO index <26, n = 83), high-SUITO (SUITO index ≤26, n = 125). The frequency of total hypoglycemia in the high-SUITO group was significantly decreased when compared to the other groups (value with Kruskal-Wallis test p < 0.001). The frequency of total severe hypoglycemia was significantly decreased in the low-SUITO group compared to pretransplant status and further decreased in the middle- and high-SUITO group. Spearman correlation coefficients were -0.663 (p < 0.001) between the number of total hypoglycemic events per one month and the SUITO index and -0.521 (p < 0.001) between that of severe events and the SUITO index. The SUITO index could predict the severity of hypoglycemic episodes in type 1 diabetic patients who received islet cell transplantations.
Chronology of Holocene Cheniers and Oyster Reefs on the Coast of Bohai Bay, China (1997)

Cheniers and oyster reefs are two essential components of Holocene strata on the coast of Bohai Bay, China. The existing nonconventional 14 C dates, often with unsuitable sample positions, less-tested samples, and unreasonable data comparisons, limit the refined analysis of the local chronostratigraphy. On the basis of a number of pretreatment routines, including geological investigations, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), δ 13 C measurement of shells, selection of appropriate shell species ( Umbonium sp. and Terebridae) for 14 C dating, and determination of the local mean δ 13 C value (−2.68‰ PDB) for the common shells, a set of samples was radiocarbon-dated by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS). These new ages, obtained from the lower part of cheniers, enable us to estimate the initiation of the cheniers, and confirm that the existing nonconventional dates are often questionable due to unsuitable sample positions. Another two AMS ages, dated for two different microgrowth layers, precipitated in a varying water body, of the same Crassostrea gigas shell are statistically identical within 2σ error. This implies that the different water masses in the coastal environment would be rapidly in balance with the contemporaneous atmospheric CO 2 . Both MARINE93 and INTERCAL93 were used for calibration of radiocarbon dates. These amended the time frame of the local Holocene history.
High-power seven-element grating surface emitting diode laser array with 0.012° far-field angle (1988)

A coherent seven-element grating surface emitting diode laser array with a predominant single-lobe far-field pattern having an angular divergence of 0.012° has been demonstrated. The extent of the emitting aperture was 4 mm, and the beam divergence was within 10% of the diffraction limit. Under pulsed operation the array had a peak output power of over 400 mW and a differential quantum efficiency of 15%.
Real-Time 3D Sensing and Identification of Microorganisms (2006)

Optical systems that can quickly detect and identify harmful microbes could become critical tools for preventing the next pandemic. Single-exposure on-line holographic microscopy may provide a way to image and identify microorganisms three dimensionally and in real time.
Chronic stress exacerbates neuropathic pain via the integration of stress-affect–related information with nociceptive information in the central nucleus of the amygdala (2016)

Exacerbation of pain by chronic stress and comorbidity of pain with stress-related psychiatric disorders, including anxiety and depression, represent significant clinical challenges. However, the underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. Here, we investigated whether chronic forced swim stress (CFSS)-induced exacerbation of neuropathic pain is mediated by the integration of stress-affect-related information with nociceptive information in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). We first demonstrated that CFSS indeed produces both depressive-like behaviors and exacerbation of spared nerve injury (SNI)-induced mechanical allodynia in rats. Moreover, we revealed that CFSS induces both sensitization of basolateral amygdala (BLA) neurons and augmentation of long-term potentiation (LTP) at the BLA-CeA synapse and meanwhile, exaggerates both SNI-induced sensitization of CeA neurons and LTP at the parabrachial (PB)-CeA synapse. In addition, we discovered that CFSS elevates SNI-induced functional up-regulation of GluN2B-containing NMDA (GluN2B-NMDA) receptors in the CeA, which is proved to be necessary for CFSS-induced augmentation of LTP at the PB-CeA synapse and exacerbation of pain hypersensitivity in SNI rats. Suppression of CFSS-elicited depressive-like behaviors by antidepressants imipramine or ifenprodil inhibits the CFSS-induced exacerbation of neuropathic pain. Collectively, our findings suggest that CFSS potentiates synaptic efficiency of the BLA-CeA pathway, leading to the activation of GluN2B-NMDA receptors and sensitization of CeA neurons, which subsequently facilitate pain-related synaptic plasticity of the PB-CeA pathway, thereby exacerbating SNI-induced neuropathic pain. We conclude that chronic stress exacerbates neuropathic pain via the integration of stress-affect-related information with nociceptive information in the CeA.
Texture and residual strain in SiC/Ti-6-2-4-2 titanium matrix composites (1998)

Residual strain and texture variations were measured in two Titanium matrix composites reinforced with Silicon Carbide fibers (Ti/SiC) of similar composition but fabricated by different processing routes. Each composite comprised a Ti-6242 {alpha}/{beta} matrix alloy containing 35% by volume continuous SiC fibers. In one composite, the matrix was produced by a plasma spray (PS) route, and in the other by a wire drawing (WD) process. The PS and WD composites were reinforced with SCS-6 (SiC) and Trimarc (SiC) fibers, respectively. The texture in the titanium matrices differed significantly, from approximately {approx} 1.1x random for the monolithic and composite produced by PS route to {approx} 17x random in the monolithic and {approx}6x random in the composite produced by the WD route. No significant differences in matrix residual strains between the composites prepared by the two procedures were noted. The Trimarc (WD) fibers recorded higher ({approx}1.3x) compressive strains than the SCS-6 (PS) fibers in all the measured directions. The plane-specific elastic moduli, measured in load tests on the un-reinforced matrices, showed little difference.
Robotic mobility rehabilitation system using virtual reality (2005)

Complement activation is involved in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. How complement is activated in the retina is not known. Previously we have shown that complement factor H (CFH) is constitutively expressed by retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and the production of CFH is negatively regulated by inflammatory cytokines and oxidative insults. Here we investigated the production and regulation of complement factor B (CFB) in RPE cells. Immunohistochemistry showed that CFB is expressed at low levels on the apical portion of the RPE cells in normal physiological conditions. With age, CFB expression increases and extends to the basal part of RPE cells. Confocal microscopy and real-time PCR of RPE cultures indicated that the production of CFB by RPE cells is positively regulated by TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and long-term (30 days) photoreceptor outer segments treatments. Increased CFB expression in RPE cells in vivo is accompanied by the accumulation of complement C3 and C3a deposition at the Bruch's membrane and the basal layer of RPE cells. Our results suggest that RPE cells play important roles in regulating complement activation in the retina. Increased complement activation in the aged retina may be important for retinal homeostasis in the context of accumulating photoreceptor waste products.
Yksityiskohtaisen metsävaratiedon tuottaminen – kohti täsmämetsätaloutta? (2014)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
Enhancing active model learning with equivalence checking using simulation relations (2022)

Abstract We present a new active model-learning approach to generating abstractions of a system from its execution traces. Given a system and a set of observables to collect execution traces, the abstraction produced by the algorithm is guaranteed to admit all system traces over the set of observables. To achieve this, the approach uses a pluggable model-learning component that can generate a model from a given set of traces. Conditions that encode a certain completeness hypothesis, formulated based on simulation relations, are then extracted from the abstraction under construction and used to evaluate its degree of completeness. The extracted conditions are sufficient to prove model completeness but not necessary. If all conditions are true, the algorithm terminates, returning a system overapproximation. A condition falsification may not necessarily correspond to missing system behaviour in the abstraction. This is resolved by applying model checking to determine whether it corresponds to any concrete system trace. If so, the new concrete trace is used to iteratively learn new abstractions, until all extracted completeness conditions are true. To evaluate the approach, we reverse-engineer a set of publicly available Simulink Stateflow models from their C implementations. Our algorithm generates an equivalent model for 98% of the Stateflow models.
Process-stable, highly pure nanomaterials by pilot-scale, continuous high-power laser production (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Laser Ablation in Liquids is an innovative method, which is used to obtain colloidal solutions of nanoparticles that show unique properties and are not achievable by conventional synthesis methods. However, this method lacks of key parameters and scaling factors. In this work we present a strategy which utilizes a 500W, 10 MHz ps-laser in combination with a polygon scanner (500m/s) to scale up the process by enhancing the productivity of the synthesis to up to 5 gram per hour in a continuous process.
Active learning for hierarchical pairwise data clustering (2002)

Pairwise data clustering is a well founded grouping technique based on relational data of objects which has a widespread application domain. However, its applicability suffers from the disadvantageous fact that N objects give rise to N(N-1)/2 relations. To cure this unfavorable scaling, techniques to sparsely sample the relations have been developed. Yet a randomly chosen subset of the data might not grasp the structure of the complete data set. To overcome this deficit, we use active learning methods from the field of statistical decision theory. Extending existing approaches we present an algorithm for actively learning hierarchical group structures based on mean field annealing optimization.
Scanning Electron Microscopic Ultrastructural Alterations of the Pulmonary Alveolus in Experimental Drowning (1983)

Scanning electron microscopic structural and ultrastructural alterations of alveolar wall in experimental drowning are described. The results obtained confirm the literature's data. Peculiar microlesions affecting Type I alveolar cells, the basement membrane, and sometimes the capillary endothelium could also be observed. Finally, Type II alveolar cells show alterations which could be related with a possible direct action of the drowning liquid.
[Persistent chronic hepatitis. Anatomical and functional study]. (1979)

A functional study was made of 40 patients with bioptically diagnosed CPH. Fractional BSF clearance was the most frequently altered test and its correlation with the anatomical damage was significant. In particular, the fractional uptake clearance (K1) gave a pointer to both the presence of liver damage and its type. Elimination clearance (K2) may also be useful, especially in the differentiation of histological pictures on the borderline between CAH and CPH. In the evaluation of CPH, therefore, BSF clearance is of marked assistance both in rounding out the histological diagnosis, and in cutting down the need for control biopsies.
Surface evaluation of the silver finishes via sequential electrochemical reduction analysis (SERA) (1999)

This paper extends our study of the sequential electrochemical reduction analysis (SERA) technique for evaluation of various alternative finishes and it discusses the application of the SERA technique to assess the surface conditions of the silver finish. The tarnishing products of the silver formed under ambient and artificially created conditions were analyzed, the protective effect of an anti‐ tarnishing film was evaluated, and the influence of the elevated temperatures (reflow) on the stability of the organic inhibitor and the formation of the tarnishing film will be shown.
Flow Behaviour of Blends of Poly(ethylene-Co-Acrylic Acid) and Epoxidised Natural Rubber (1998)

Abstract Processability and rheological properties of the blends of poly(ethylene-Co-acrylic acid) (PEA) and epoxidised natural rubber (ENR) have been studied by a Monsanto Processibility Tester (MPT). The blends were found to be miscible during reactive processing due to chemical interaction via esterification reaction at higher proportion of PEA. The rheological properties were studied at three different temperatures (120°C, 130°C and 150°C), five different shear rates in the range from 122s −1 to 2452s −1 and at three different shear stresses (i.e., 400, 500 and 600 kPa). The melt viscosities of the blends at 120°C and 130°C show a positive deviation at lower shear rates and shear stress and at higher proportions of PEA and a negative deviation at higher shear rates and shear stress and lower proportion of PEA, where as at higher temperature (i.e. at 150°C) of melt processing the viscosities show positive deviation (at all shear rates for all the blends) with respect to that calculated by additivity rule. This variation in melt viscosities has been explained on the basis of chemical reaction via esterification leading to grafted structure i.e., PEA-g-ENR.
Adsorption of Mixtures of Toxic Metal Ions Using Non-Viable Cells of<i>Saccharomyces Cerevisiae</i> (2012)

The use of waste biomaterial for the adsorption of heavy metal ions is an economically appealing alternative to conventional metal ion removal methods. In the present work, S. cerevisiae biomass has been shown to be capable of the simultaneous removal of more than 98% of Pb(II) ions, 60% of Zn(II) ions and up to 55% of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions in the 10–50 mg/ℓ concentration range. Model equations describing the removal efficiency of each metal ion were determined using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with respect to operating conditions such as pH, initial metal ion concentration and biomass dosage. Characterization of the metal ion–biomass interactions responsible for biosorption was studied employing zeta potential measurements, BET, FT-IR and EDX techniques; these indicated that the uptake of metal ions by non-living yeast was a surface adsorption phenomenon. The results proved the involvement of an ion-exchange mechanism between the adsorbing metal ions and the cell walls. In the presence of the complete range of metal ions studied, yeast cells were more selective towards Pb(II) ions.
Frequency Stabilization of a He-<sup>22</sup>Ne Laser by Intracavity Polarization Spectroscopy of CH<sub>4</sub> (1981)

The method of intracavity polarization spectroscopy was employed to measure the Doppler-free saturated dispersion spectrum in CH 4 (the E component of the P(7) line in the ν 3 band). A He- 22 Ne laser at 3.39 µm was used as a light source. The experimental results agreed well with the results of numerical calculations. This spectrum was used to stabilize the laser frequency without frequency modulation, and a stability of 1.1×10 -12 was obtained for an integration time of 200 s. The second derivative signal of the spectrum was also used for the stabilization by modulating the laser frequency. The stability obtained was 2.5×10 -13 for an integration time of 300 s. Furthermore, an alternative method using a Faraday rotator is proposed to get higher frequency stability.
Controlled Release of Goserelin from Microporous Polyglycolide and Polylactide (2005)

Two microporous biodegradable polyesters, i.e., PGA and PDLLA, were obtained by solid-state polymerization reaction from the sodium salts of the corresponding alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids after washing out the by-product sodium chloride. The polymers were shaped by cold uniaxial pressing, by hot uniaxial pressing, and by extrusion at elevated temperature. Due to the special microporosity of the polymers, the introduction of drugs is possible at moderate temperature. The release kinetics of the model drug Phe and of the anti-tumor drug goserelin (an LH-RH agonist) from compacted polymer samples were fast (approx. 2 d). The release kinetics of goserelin were corrected for the decomposition of the drug. External coatings with PDLLA or PLLA obtained by immersion in polymer solution strongly slowed down the release kinetics in the case of the PDLLA coating, giving an almost linear release during 100 d. A coating with PLLA was unsuitable to slow down the release kinetics.
Ischemic stroke in young adults. II. Analysis of risk factors in the etiological subgroups (2009)

A prospective study on 386 consecutive patients affected of ischemic stroke (IS) has been analysed in relation to etiologies, comparing them with a control group of 100 people. The atherotrombotic etiology subgroups are associated with family history of stroke, risk factors, atheromatosis, occlusive peripheral arteriopathy, previous of stroke, high levels of hematocrit and hemoglobin, impaired lipid fractions and high levels of uric acid. The cardiac embolism etiology subgroups are associated with the presence of personal history of stroke, just as the mitral valva prolapse (MVP) patients group. The migraine group is significantly related with the intake of oral contraceptives.
A Polymer Guest Transforms Clathrate Cages into Channels: The Single-Crystal X-Ray Structure of Tetra-n-butylammonium Polyacrylate Hydrate,nBu4NPA⋅40 H2O (1999)

The stacking of hydrate cages into channels is effected by the incorporation of polyacrylic acid together with tetra-n-butylammonium hydroxide into a hydrate lattice. The polymer chain (shown in the diagram as large circles) lies in the channel in such a way that some of the carboxy groups displace water molecules from the clathrate framework. The remaining carboxy groups are included in the channel as hydrophobic units without strong directional interactions with the water molecules found there.