gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fieldable Fourier Transform Spectrometer: System Construction, Background Variability Measurements, and Chemical Attack Warning Experiments (2002)

The infrared sensors task at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is focused on the science and technology of remote and in-situ chemical sensors for detecting proliferation and countering terrorism. Missions to be addressed by remote chemical sensor development will include detecting proliferation of nuclear or chemical weapons, and providing warning of terrorist use of chemical weapons. Missions to be addressed by in-situ chemical sensor development include countering terrorism by screening luggage, personnel, and shipping containers for explosives, firearms, narcotics, chemical weapons, or chemical weapons residues, and mapping contaminated areas. The science and technology relevant to these primary missions is also likely to be useful for battlefield chemical weapons defense, air operations support, monitoring emissions from chemical weapons destruction facilities or industrial chemical plants, and law enforcement applications. PNNL will seek to serve organizations with direct interest in these missions through collaborative research and development efforts approved by NA-22. During FY02, PNNL began assembling a remote IR detection capability that would allow field experiments to be conducted. The capability consists of a commercially available FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) emission spectrometer and a frequency-modulation differential-absorption LIDAR (FM-DIAL) system being developed at PNNL. To provide environmental protection for these systems, a large, well insulated, temperature controlled trailer was specified and procured. While the FTIR system was field-ready, the FM-DIAL system required many modifications to prepare for field deployment. This document provides an overview of the FTIR system, summarizes the modifications made to the FM-DIAL system, and describes the salient features of the remote systems trailer.
Two starch-branching-enzyme isoforms occur in different fractions of developing seeds of kidney bean (2001)

The nature and enzymic properties of starch-branching enzyme (SBE) are two of the dominant factors influencing the fine structure of starch. To understand the role of this enzyme's activity in the formation of starch in kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), a study was undertaken to identify the major SBE sequences expressed during seed development and to characterize the enzymic properties of the coded recombinant enzymes. Two SBE cDNA species (designated pvsbe2 and pvsbe1) that displayed significant similarity (more than 70%) to other family A and B SBEs respectively were isolated. Northern blot analysis revealed that pvsbe1 and pvsbe2 were differentially expressed during seed development. pvsbe2 showed maximum steady-state transcript levels at the mid-stage of seed maturation, whereas pvsbe1 reached peak levels at a later stage. Western blot analysis with antisera raised against both recombinant proteins (rPvSBE1 and rPvSBE2) showed that these two SBEs were located in different amyloplast fractions of developing seeds of kidney bean. PvSBE2 was present in the soluble fraction, whereas PvSBE1 was associated with the starch granule fraction. The differences in location suggest that these two SBE isoenzymes have different roles in amylopectin synthesis in kidney bean seeds. rPvSBE1 and rPvSBE2 were purified from Escherichia coli and their kinetic properties were determined. The affinity of rPvSBE2 for amylose (Km 1.27mg/ml) was lower than that of rPvSBE1 (0.46mg/ml). The activity of rPvSBE2 was stimulated more than 3-fold in the presence of 0.3M citrate, whereas rPvSBE1 activity was not affected. The implications of the enzymic properties and the distribution of SBEs and amylopectin structure are discussed.
Using a shape model in the design of hearing aids (2004)

Today the design of custom completely-in-the-canal hearing aids is a manual process and therefore there is a variation in the quality of the finished hearing aids. Especially the placement of the so-called faceplate on the hearing aid strongly influences the size and shape of the hearing aid. Since the future hearing aid production will be less manual there is a need for algorithms that mimic the craftsmanship of skilled operators. In this paper it is described how a statistical shape model of the ear canal can be used to predict the placement of the faceplate on a hearing aid made for a given ear canal. The shape model is a point distribution model built using a training set of shapes with manually placed landmarks. An interpolation method is used to generate dense landmark correspondence over the training set prior to building the shape model. Faceplates have also been placed on the training shapes by a skilled operator. These faceplate planes are aligned to the average shape from the shape model and an average faceplate plane is calculated. Given a surface representation of a new ear canal, the shape model is fitted using a combination of the iterative closest point algorithm and the active shape model approach. The average faceplate from the training set can now be placed on the new ear canal using the position of the fitted shape model. A leave-one-out study shows that the algorithm is able to produce results comparable to a human operator.
Exopeptidases and Their Application to Reduce Bitterness in Food: A Review (2003)

When exopeptidases catalyze hydrolysis of peptide bonds, the product(s) may have a less bitter taste, and the free amino acids or small peptides formed may function in food as pleasant-tasting flavor compounds or as flavor precursors. There are several classes of exopeptidase based on specificity for hydrolysis of synthetic substrates. Exopeptidases in food-stuff may be of natural origin or may be extrinsic, that is, produced by microorganisms or parasites. Exopeptidases used to modify foods are also becoming increasingly available in the industrial enzyme market. Exopeptidases contribute to a variety of quality changes in postharvest fruit, meats, and food fermentations. Foodstuff impacted by these enzymes during processing include cocoa, beer, aged and cured meat products, koji, fish sauce, ripened cheeses, and protein hydrolysates. An important role of exopeptidases in food is the hydrolysis of hydrophobic, bitter peptides. The relationship between peptide structure and sensory transduction/receptor models is discussed. Research on the use of exopeptidases to reduce bitterness is reviewed.
Integrated conservation management (2002)

Science has to be understood in its broadest sense, as amethod for comprehending all observable reality, and not merely as an instrument for acquiring specialised knowledge.Alexis Carrel
Characterization of the anti-HIV-1 activity of 3,4-dihydro-2-alkoxy-6-benzyl-4-oxopyrimidines (DABOs), new non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. (1994)

Novel 3,4-dihydro-6-benzyl-4-oxopyrimidines (DABOs), variously substituted at both the C-2 and C-5 positions of the pyrimidine ring, proved to be specific inhibitors of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in vitro. Some compounds showed potency at micromolar doses, no cytotoxicity at the maximum testable doses and selectivity indexes comparable to that of 2'-3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI). Mode of action studies suggested that DABOs interfered with a step of the virus multiplication cycle following adsorption and preceding integration. Enzyme assays indicated that DABOs targeted HIV-1 reverse transcriptase: they inhibited the RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity in a template-dependent manner and, to a lesser extent, the DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity. No inhibition of the RNase-H associated activity was observed. When DABOs were assayed in combination with 3'-azido-3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT) or ddI against HIV-1 in cell cultures, a slightly synergistic inhibitory effect was observed. The combination of DABO 546 and AZTTP in enzyme assays showed that the two compounds were kinetically mutually exclusive.
Reversible cyclosporine-induced cortical blindness in allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients. (1995)

We report the occurrence of reversible cyclosporine-induced cortical blindness in three allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients. Possible mechanisms involved in this rare complication, as well as the associated radiographic and pathologic findings, are discussed.
Long-Term Broiler Performance with Bambermycins and Bambermycins Plus Roxarsone (1983)

Bambermycins and bambermycins plus roxarsone were fed to broilers in ten consecutive experiments to determine if response (measured by body weight and feed efficiency) was continuous over a long term. Bambermycins was added at 1.1 ppm (1 to 44 days) and 2.2 ppm (45 to 51 days) to both test rations. In addition, one test ration contained roxarsone (3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid) at 50 ppm (1 to 44 days). Each experiment was conducted with 1,080 commercial broiler cross-run chickens. Broilers fed bambermycins and bambermycins plus roxarsone were heavier (P less than .05) than controls in every experiment. Bambermycins plus roxarsone treated broilers were heavier (P less than .05) than bambermycins treated broilers in 2 out of 10 experiments. Broilers fed bambermycins converted feed more efficiently (P less than .05) than controls in 6 of 10 experiments and were more efficient (P less than .05) than bambermycins plus roxarsone fed broilers in 1 of 10 experiments. Bambermycins plus roxarsone treated broilers were more efficient (P less than .05) than controls in 5 of 10 experiments. These findings indicate that over a long term bambermycins and bambermycins plus roxarsone consistently and significantly (P less than .05) increased broiler body weights over controls, although the addition of roxarsone was not always effective in increasing body weights or improving feed efficiency over bambermycins fed alone.
On the Relation of Open Loop to Closed Loop Properties in Multivarible Feedback Systems (1983)

This paper relates the properties of the loop transfer function to the feedback properties of the closed loop system. The relationship is expressed using a parameterization of the singular value decomposition of the loop transfer function. Trade-offs and limits on the specification of these parameters are examined.
Neurocontroller alternatives for "fuzzy" ball-and-beam systems with nonuniform nonlinear friction (2000)

The ball-and-beam problem is a benchmark for testing control algorithms. In the World Congress on Neural Networks, 1994, Prof. L. Zadeh proposed a twist to the problem, which, he suggested, would require a fuzzy logic controller. This experiment uses a beam, partially covered with a sticky substance, increasing the difficulty of predicting the ball's motion. We complicated this problem even more by not using any information concerning the ball's velocity. Although it is common to use the first differences of the ball's consecutive positions as a measure of velocity and explicit input to the controller, we preferred to exploit recurrent neural networks, inputting only consecutive positions instead. We have used truncated backpropagation through time with the node-decoupled extended Kalman filter (NDEKF) algorithm to update the weights in the networks. Our best neurocontroller uses a form of approximate dynamic programming called an adaptive critic design. A hierarchy of such designs exists. Our system uses dual heuristic programming (DHP), an upper-level design. To our best knowledge, our results are the first use of DHP to control a physical system. It is also the first system we know of to respond to Zadeh's challenge. We do not claim this neural network control algorithm is the best approach to this problem, nor do we claim it is better than a fuzzy controller. It is instead a contribution to the scientific dialogue about the boundary between the two overlapping disciplines.
Co-ordination compounds of boron trihalides. Part III. Compounds of boron trifluoride with cyclic ethers and dioxan (1954)

J. Grimley and A. K. Holliday, J. Chem. Soc., 1954, 1215 DOI: 10.1039/JR9540001215
Redox properties of ubiquinon (UQ10) adsorbed on a mercury electrode (1994)

The electrochemical behaviour of ubiquinone 10 (UQ10) adsorbed on mercury in contact with aqueous electrolytes has been investigated at coverages smaller than a monolayer. Stability regions, acid–base ionisation constants and standard potentials for redox equilibria between conjugate stable species were determined and reaction mechanisms proposed. The standard potential for the ubiquinone/ubihydroquinone couple obtained was 0.276 V vs. SCE (–0.138 at pH 7).The values of pKa obtained for the two acid–base dissociation equilibria for the ubihydroquinone, 12 and 13.6, are higher than those predicted from the Hammett equation and lower than the value obtained in a low-relative-permittivity medium (80 % w/w ethanol). The ubisemiquinone ion redical has been found to be stable at pH > 13.6 with a disproportionation constant of 0.4. The corresponding constant for the protonated radical was estimated to be 1014, showing the high instability of this form. This fact, together with kinetic considerations, suggests that for pH values lower than 12 the redox chemistry proceeds via dismutation. Two-phase transitions for the reduced and oxidised forms were observed.
New Criteria of Voltage Stability Margin for the Purpose of Load Shedding (2007)

Voltage instability is a phenomenon which often contributes to the development of power system disturbances. While increasing load admittance, bus voltage decreases to such a degree that the apparent power (V <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> Y) does not increase. As a result, voltage collapses with all consequences resulting from it. During the large-scale power system disturbance, the last line of defense is the load shedding at the stations, where the stability margin becomes dangerously low. To do that, there is a need to use automatic devices which process local signals, detect the decreased margin, and activate the load shedding. As a criteria of operating such devices, the voltage level is adopted. The disadvantage of such an approach results from the fact that the relations between the voltage level and the stability limit depend very much on the load power factor. To overcome this weakness, this paper presents a criterion which is directly based on the definition of voltage stability. It calculates the derivative of apparent power against the admittance (dS/dY). It may be easily accomplished, because both the power and the admittance are measurable, and the changes of load occurs continuously, as a result of switching on and off the impedances, and/or actions of the transformer on load tap-changing devices.
Neodymium chloride-aluminum chloride vapor complexes (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNeodymium chloride-aluminum chloride vapor complexesHarald A. Oye and Dieter M. GruenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 9, 2229–2236Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01037a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01037a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views173Altmetric-Citations103LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
X-Ray Absorption SpectroscopicStudies of Platinum Speciation in Fresh and Road Aged Light-Duty Diesel Vehicle Emission Control Catalysts (2011)

The species present in a variety of fresh and road aged light-duty diesel catalysts were determined by platinum L 3 edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). It was found that it is not sufficient to use the analysis of X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) alone to determine the nature of species present in fresh and road aged catalysts. Detailed analysis of the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) revealed the presence of a mixture of oxidic and metallic species in the fresh catalysts. Metallic components were predominantly found in the road aged catalysts. The present study did not find any chloroplatinate species in the systems investigated.
Experiences and challenges in building a data intensive system for data migration (2018)

Recent analyses[2, 4, 5] report that many sectors of our economy and society are more and more guided by data-driven decision processes (e.g., health care, public administrations, etc.). As such, Data Intensive (DI) applications are becoming more and more important and critical. They must be fault-tolerant, they should scale with the amount of data, and be able to elastically leverage additional resources as and when these last ones are provided [3]. Moreover, they should be able to avoid data drops introduced in case of sudden overloads and should offer some Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees.
Docetaxel‐mediated apoptosis in myeloid progenitor TF‐1 cells is mitigated by zinc: Potential implication for prostate cancer therapy (2011)

Our results suggest that zinc can protect myeloid progenitor cells against docetaxel-induced toxicity without compromising the drug's anti-tumor activity.
Evaluating Visual Analytics at the 2007 VAST Symposium Contest (2008)

The second Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST) contest's data consisted of a heterogeneous synthetic collection of news articles with additional supporting files. It also contained a scenario with embedded threats that provided ground truth. Using visual analytic tools, participants sought evidence of illegal and terrorist activities. The authors report the results and lessons learned.
Automatic Repair of Overflowing Expressions with Abstract Interpretation (2013)

We consider the problem of synthesizing provably non-overflowing integer arithmetic expressions or Boolean relations among integer arithmetic expressions. First we use a numerical abstract domain to infer numerical properties among program variables. Then we check if those properties guarantee that a given expression does not overflow. If this is not the case, we synthesize an equivalent, yet not-overflowing expression, or we report that such an expression does not exists. The synthesis of a non-overflowing expression depends on three, orthogonal factors: the input expression (e.g., is it linear, polynomial,... ?), the output expression (e.g., are case splits allowed?), and the underlying numerical abstract domain - the more precise the abstract domain is, the more correct expressions can be synthesized. We consider three common cases: (i) linear expressions with integer coefficients and intervals; (ii) Boolean expressions of linear expressions; and (iii) linear expressions with templates. In the first case we prove there exists a complete and polynomial algorithm to solve the problem. In the second case, we have an incomplete yet polynomial algorithm, whereas in the third we have a complete yet worst-case exponential algorithm.
Laser Treatment of the Prostate Using the Urolase Fiber: The Dutch Experience (1996)

Laser prostatectomy results in subjective and objective improvement, which is operator independent. Despite the observation that perioperative (intraoperative and immediate postoperative) morbidity seems less severe compared to transurethral resection of the prostate, there is a shift toward greater postoperative morbidity.
Enhanced botrocetin‐induced type iib von willebrand factor binding to platelet glycoprotein ib initiates hyperagglutination of normal platelets (1990)

Botrocetin, a protein isolated from the venom of the snake Bothrops jararaca, induces platelet aggregation/agglutination by von Willebrand factor (vWF) binding to the membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ib, an action resembling that of ristocetin. However, some differences in the interaction between vWF and platelet GPIb induced by these two substances have been reported. We have recently shown that the GPIb binding domain on the vWF molecule, in both instances, resides in the tryptic 52/48 kDa fragment extending from amino acid residue 449 to 728 of the constituent subunit. In the present report, we demonstrate that botrocetin does not induce agglutination of formalin-fixed platelets from a patient with Bernard-Soulier syndrome congenitally lacking GPIb and GPIX as well as GPV, a finding similar to that shown with ristocetin. A monoclonal antibody against GPIb (AP-1) inhibits either ristocetin- or botrocetin-dependent vWF binding to formalin-fixed platelets from normal individuals. Therefore, botrocetin-induced vWF binding to formalin-fixed platelets may reflect the interaction between vWF and platelet GPIb. To strengthen this concept, we have now found that heightened botrocetin-induced type IIB vWF binding to platelet GPIb causes hyperagglutination of normal platelets.
Design of a Trinocular-Stereo-Vision VLSI Processor Based on Optimal Scheduling (2008)

This paper presents a processor architecture for high-speed and reliable tinocular stereo matching based on adaptive window-size control of SAD (Sum of Absolute Differences) computation. To reduce its computational complexity, SADs are computed using images divided into non-overlapping regions, and the matching result is iteratively refined by reducing a window size. Window-parallel-and-pixel-parallel architecture is also proposed to achieve to fully exploit the potential parallelism of the algorithm. The architecture also reduces the complexity of an interconnection network between memory and functional units based on regularity of reference pixels. The stereo matching processor is designed in a 0.18μm CMOS technology. The processing time is 83.2μs@100MHz. By using optimal scheduling, the increases in area and processing time is only 5% and 3% respectively compared to binocular stereo vision although the computational amount is double.
Exhaust Particulate Size Distribution: Vehicle and Fuel Influences in Light Duty Vehicles (1996)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Particle emissions from vehicles are currently under close scrutiny with respect to their contribution to ambient air quality relative to other sources. Small particles, less than 10 μm, referred to as PM<sub>10</sub>, have been linked to various health issues. In this study, tests have been performed on European diesel light duty vehicles using a range of production diesel fuels. Tests were also performed on two gasoline passenger cars for comparison. Measurements were made of exhaust particle size distribution and number, as well as mass emissions using the legislated filter paper method. The results showed that most of the particles emitted were very small, with median size of the order 100 nanometres (nm). The median particle size was insensitive to changes in fuel, vehicle or operating condition. Measurements of particle number broadly correlated with particle mass emissions, and ranked fuels and vehicle types in the same order. Under urban driving conditions, the gasoline TWC car had extremely low particulate emissions, while the non-catalyst gasoline car had emissions around 50% of those from the best diesel vehicle tested. At highway speeds, the number of particles per km emitted from the TWC car were similar to those from the non-catalyst car. Further work is needed to understand these results.</div>