gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Properties of glycans that activate the human alternative complement pathway and interact with the human monocyte <i>beta</i>-glucan receptor. (1985)

The glycans used in an earlier study to define the ligand specificity of the human monocyte phagocytic receptor for unopsonized particulate activators were assessed for their capacities to activate the proteins of the human alternative complement pathway. Normal human serum was preincubated with glycans under conditions of chelation to prevent activation of the classical complement pathway, and the activation-depletion of the alternative complement pathway was determined by the subsequent capacity of the serum to lyse rabbit erythrocytes (Er). When serum was preincubated at a 1/2 dilution in 8 mM EGTA/2 mM Mg with increasing numbers of yeast glucan or zymosan particles, and was evaluated at final serum dilutions of 1/8, its capacity to lyse Er was found to be reduced by 50% with 1.9 X 10(6)/ml yeast glucan particles and 1.4 X 10(6)/ml zymosan particles. At 2 mg/ml of serum diluted 1/2 in 8 mM EGTA/2 mM Mg, nonturbid preparations of mannan, laminarin, or pyrogen-free inulin and turbid suspensions of cellulose, Sephadex, agarose, or purified inulin failed to activate the alternative complement pathway. In contrast, activation-depletion of the alternative pathway was induced by turbid preparations of crude inulin, nigeran, pachyman, barley beta-glucan, and pustulan, which at 700 micrograms/ml, 500 micrograms/ml, 350 micrograms/ml, 60 micrograms/ml, and 27 micrograms/ml, respectively, effected 50% reductions in the subsequent lysis of Er. After centrifugation of 2 mg/ml suspensions of barley beta-glucan at 1100 X G for 5 min and at 15,000 X G for 15 min, the supernatants contained 90 to 92% and 65% of the barley beta-glucan, respectively, as determined by the anthrone method. On a weight basis, the 1100 X G supernatant exhibited the same capacity to activate the alternative pathway as the corresponding original suspension, whereas the 15,000 X G supernatants had less than 3% of the original anti-complementary activity. Preincubation of adherent human monocytes with increasing concentrations of barley beta-glucan suspensions, 100,000 X G supernatants containing 64% of the original beta-glucan, and laminarin all decreased subsequent ingestion of 1.25 X 10(6) zymosan particles in a dose-related fashion. The numbers of monocytes from three different donors phagocytosing zymosan were reduced by 50% after pretreatment with 30 to 65 micrograms/ml, 25 to 48 micrograms/ml, and 12 to 15 micrograms/ml of barley beta-glucan suspensions, 100,000 X G supernatants of barley beta-glucan, and laminarin, respectively, even though the latter two preparations were fully soluble and had no capacity to activate the alternative pathway.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Recovery Patterns in Electroencephalographic Global Field Power During Maximal Isometric Force Production (2011)

In previous work, cortical activity decreased with fatigue following novel movements or small muscle group actions. These muscle actions, however, do not appear related to the cortical activity seen with biologically relevant and highly trained movement patterns (i.e., ingrained patterns). The cortical recovery response to ingrained patterns-and how it differs with altered load, speed, or volume - is unknown. The purpose of this balanced, within-group study was to investigate differences in cortical activity 24 hours after physically distinct variations of a highly trained squat exercise (n = 7, minimum 4 years resistance training experience). Four resistance protocols were chosen: rate of force development (PWR, 6 × 3 squat jumps at 30% of 1 repetition maximum [1RM]); magnitude of force development (FOR, 6 × 3 squat at 95% of 1RM); volume of force development (VOL, 6 × 10 squat at 80% of their 1RM); and control (CTRL, 6 sets unracking an empty bar). Twenty-four hours later, subjects performed a peak isometric squat while electroencephalographic and biochemical markers of exertion and fatigue were obtained. Global field power detected the quantity of activity superficial to motor regions. Waveforms of activity throughout the isometric squats were obtained and grand averages calculated to produce quantitative depictions of cortical activity. Significance was P ≤ 0.05. Peak isometric squat force was not statistically different 24 hours postexercise (Force [N]: PWR: 2828.79 ± 461.17; FOR: 2887.64 ± 453.09; VOL: 2910.17 ± 625.81; CTRL 2768.53 ± 374.85). Subjects produced similar and characteristic cortical activity patterns during isometric squats despite varying indices of fatigue. Differences were observed based upon the use or nonuse of aerobic endurance exercise in their training program. Patterns of activity in data seem to have emerged based on differences in training preference. Global Field Power (uV) during the isometric squat for PWR was 26.98 ± 14.64; FOR 24.06 ± 19.05; VOL 23.05 ± 13.37; and CTRL 15.78 ± 8.11. Previous research suggests that cortical activity decreases with physical activity; however, despite substantial endocrine, perceptual, and biomechanical differences between protocols, cortical activity was not decreased below control during the performance of a maximal isometric squat 24 hours after various exercise protocols.
Practical Design Procedures for Skirt Breakwaters (1989)

Presently available design procedures for skirt breakwaters are reviewed in the light of recent experimental research results.
<i>cis</i> -Acting RNA Signals in the NS5B C-Terminal Coding Sequence of the Hepatitis C Virus Genome (2004)

The cis-replicating RNA elements in the 5' and 3' nontranslated regions (NTRs) of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome have been thoroughly studied before. However, no cis-replicating elements have been identified in the coding sequences of the HCV polyprotein until very recently. The existence of highly conserved and stable stem-loop structures in the RNA polymerase NS5B coding sequence, however, has been previously predicted (A. Tuplin, J. Wood, D. J. Evans, A. H. Patel, and P. Simmonds, RNA 8:824-841, 2002). We have selected for our studies a 249-nt-long RNA segment in the C-terminal NS5B coding region (NS5BCR), which is predicted to form four stable stem-loop structures (SL-IV to SL-VII). By deletion and mutational analyses of the RNA structures, we have determined that two of the stem-loops (SL-V and SL-VI) are essential for replication of the HCV subgenomic replicon in Huh-7 cells. Mutations in the loop and the top of the stem of these RNA elements abolished replicon RNA synthesis but had no effect on translation. In vitro gel shift and filter-binding assays revealed that purified NS5B specifically binds to SL-V. The NS5B-RNA complexes were specifically competed away by unlabeled homologous RNA, to a small extent by 3' NTR RNA, and only poorly by 5' NTR RNA. The other two stem-loops (SL-IV and SL-VII) of the NS5BCR domain were found to be important but not essential for colony formation by the subgenomic replicon. The precise function(s) of these cis-acting RNA elements is not known.
Strongly Polarized Iridium<sup>δ−</sup>–Aluminum<sup>δ+</sup> Pairs: Unconventional Reactivity Patterns Including CO<sub>2</sub> Cooperative Reductive Cleavage (2021)

The iridium tetrahydride complex Cp*IrH<sub>4</sub> reacts with a range of isobutylaluminum derivatives of general formula Al(<i>i</i>Bu)<sub><i>x</i></sub>(OAr)<sub>3-<i>x</i></sub> (<i>x</i> = 1, 2) to give the unusual iridium aluminum species [Cp*IrH<sub>3</sub>Al(<sup>i</sup>Bu)(OAr)] (<b>1</b>) via a reductive elimination route. The Lewis acidity of the Al atom in complex <b>1</b> is confirmed by the coordination of pyridine, leading to the adduct [Cp*IrH<sub>3</sub>Al(<sup><i>i</i></sup>Bu)(OAr)(Py)] (<b>2</b>). Spectroscopic, crystallographic, and computational data support the description of these heterobimetallic complexes <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> as featuring strongly polarized Al(III)<sup>δ+</sup>-Ir(III)<sup>δ-</sup> interactions. Reactivity studies demonstrate that the binding of a Lewis base to Al does not quench the reactivity of the Ir-Al motif and that both species <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> promote the cooperative reductive cleavage of a range of heteroallenes. Specifically, complex <b>2</b> promotes the decarbonylation of CO<sub>2</sub> and AdNCO, leading to CO (trapped as Cp*IrH<sub>2</sub>(CO)) and the alkylaluminum oxo ([(<i>i</i>Bu)(OAr)Al(Py)]<sub>2</sub>(μ-O) (<b>3</b>)) and ureate ({Al(OAr)(<sup><i>i</i></sup>Bu)[κ<sup>2</sup>-(N,O)AdNC(O)NHAd]} (<b>4</b>)) species, respectively. The bridged amidinate species Cp*IrH<sub>2</sub>(μ-CyNC(H)NCy)Al(<sup><i>i</i></sup>Bu)(OAr) (<b>5</b>) is formed in the reaction of <b>2</b> with dicyclohexylcarbodiimine. Mechanistic investigations via DFT support cooperative heterobimetallic bond activation processes.
Ketoprofen Produces Modality-Specific Inhibition of Pain Behaviors in Rats After Plantar Incision (2009)

This study demonstrates that ketoprofen is an effective analgesic for nonevoked guarding in rats after plantar incision. There was no effect on mechanical or heat responses, which highlights the importance of multiple-modality testing of pain behaviors for drug evaluation. We found efficacy at doses used clinically in postoperative patients.
A finite volume implementation of an approximate Riemann solver for MHD (1998)

Summary form only given. The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations model the time evolution of plasmas and other conducting magnetofluids. Applications include electric plasma propulsion, magnetic confinement devices, and pulsed power generators. The MHD model is a set of mixed hyperbolic and parabolic equations. The hyperbolic component of the equations can be expressed in conservative form and suggests the use of an approximate Riemann solver to accurately track the wave behavior. The algorithm that will be described uses Roe-type approximate Riemann solver with a finite volume implementation. Finite volume grids are ideally suited for modeling complicated 3D geometries. The finite volume implementation defines a coordinate system that is locally aligned with the cell interface. Working in the coordinate system simplifies the calculation of the flux vector.
X-Ray Tomography Investigation of Fe-rich Intermetallics in AlSi Alloys (2013)

Abstract Iron exists as a common impurity element in AlSi foundry alloys. The main consequence of the presence or adding of iron to AlSi alloys is the formation Fe-rich intermetallics with especially deleterious β-Al 5 FeSi. This work aims to identify the role of fluid flow on the microstructure and intermetallics in Al-9 wt.% Si-0.2/0.5/1.0 wt.% Fe alloys directionally solidified under defined thermal and fluid flow conditions and extensively uses 3D x-ray tomography to get a better insight into their morphology and formation. The results have revealed the growth of larger and more dense β-Al 5 FeSi intermetallics in the specimen centre as an effect of forced flow. The reconstructions confirmed that the course of number density at the specimen cross section increases from the specimen edge to its centre.
Control of Surface Energy of Silicon Oxynitride Films (2013)

Microstructure and chemical composition determine the wetting property of solid surfaces. To achieve hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity, recent efforts have mostly focused on designed patterns and sophisticated surface modification. Here we show the fabrication of a dense amorphous silicon oxynitride (SiON) film by simple annealing of perhydropolysilazane (PHPS), which experiences significant and abrupt transition in surface energy as a function of temperature. The polar component of surface energy, derived from contact angle measurements, exhibits an increase of 20-40 times in an annealing temperature window of ~100 °C, which leads to a 5-fold increase of its total surface energy. On the basis of the chemical analyses, we propose a compositional gradient in the film. Due to this gradient, the hydrophilic SiON film, for instance, can be used as the bond coat material in a double-layer environmental barrier coating system with outstanding oxidation resistant properties.
Leveraging Aggregate Ratings for Improving Predictive Performance of Recommender Systems (2009)

This paper describes an approach for incorporating externally specified aggregate ratings information into certain types of recommender systems, including two types of collaborating filtering and a hierarchical linear regression model. First, we present a framework for incorporating aggregate rating information and apply this framework to the aforementioned individual rating models. Then we formally show that this additional aggregate rating information provides more accurate recommendations of individual items to individual users. Further, we experimentally confirm this theoretical finding by demonstrating on several datasets that the aggregate rating information indeed leads to better predictions of unknown ratings. We also propose scalable methods for incorporating this aggregate information and test our approaches on large datasets. Finally, we demonstrate that the aggregate rating information can also be used as a solution to the cold start problem of recommender systems.
Two analog counters for neural network implementation (1991)

Simple analog circuits which are useful for the implementation of the synchronous Boltzmann machine learning algorithms are presented. A simple charge-transfer-based analog counter is described. The authors give a functional model of its behavior and analyze the differences between this model and the counter implementation. They also present simulation results and the test of a prototype. Along the same lines, they study a switched-current-based counter, which achieves better results (dynamic range, linearity) through higher complexity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Contamination in vacuum-evaporated iron films by conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy (1977)

Iron films, about 800 Å thick, were prepared by evaporation under low pressure conditions [2×10−7 Torr (2.7×10−5 Pa)] and were examined by conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy to determine the amount and nature of contaminants. After deposition the films exhibited a spectrum suprisingly similar to that of Fe–C martensite. The quantity of carbon present in the film could be estimated from the spectrum of the film after precipitation of Fe3C at 500°C and was found to be on the order of 8 at.%. Besides carbon, no other contaminant was detected. The implications of these findings on the interpretation of studies of surface and subsurface reactions on vacuum-evaporated Fe films are discussed.
Vergleich von Videokapselendoskopie (VKE) und Dünndarm MR- Enteroklysma (DMR-E) zur Beurteilung von Dünndarmerkrankungen (2004)

Einleitung: Die VKE (M2A® GIVEN-Imaging) erlaubt die annähernd vollständige Untersuchung des Dünndarms. Mit dem Dünndarm MR-Enteroklysma (DMR-E) kann ebenfalls der Dünndarm dargestellt werden. Im Rahmen der Schnittbilddiagnostik erlaubt das Verfahren jedoch zusätzlich eine Untersuchung der abdominellen Organe. In einer prospektiven Studie wurden beide Untersuchungen für verschiedene Erkrankungen verglichen.
Confluently persistent deques via data structuaral bootstrapping (1993)

We introduce data-structural bootstrapping, a technique to design data structures recursively, and use it to design confluently persistent deques. Our data structure requires O(log* k) worst-case time and space per deletion, where k is the total number of deque operations, and constant worst-case time and space for other operations. Further, the data structure allows a purely functional implementation, with no side effects. This improves a previous result of Driscoll, Sleator, and Tajan (in Proceedings 2nd Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, 1991, pp. 89-99).
Adaptive admission control of distributed cloud services (2010)

Managing the performance of virtualized web applications is a critical problem for service providers. Meeting their Service Level Objectives (SLOs), such as response time, in a dynamic environment(dense load, variable capacity), is a challenging task. In this paper, we propose an autonomous scheme for admission control in cloud services aiming at preventing overloading, guaranteeing target response time and dynamically adapting the admitted workload to compensate for changes in system capacity. We employ an adaptive feedback control scheme alongside with a queue model of the application. We show that our solution effectively delimits the response time of requests maintaining high throughput levels while it adapts to variations of system capacity.
Partner-marketing using geo-social media data for smarter commerce (2014)

As a result of significantly growing competition from online-only retailers, physical store retailers have resorted to measures such as discount coupons, online price matching, sale events, and a seamless omnichannel customer experience. One important, often overlooked method is <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">partner-marketing</i> , where a retailer promotes products or services offered by other merchants. The main challenge in partner-marketing is finding partners, i.e., determining whom a retailer should choose as partners among many choices. In this paper, we discuss how a retailer can make use of rich information from mobile and geo-social media to find potential partners in a geographic region. The explosion of mobile and geo-social media in recent years has led to increasing insights about consumers' footprints—which shops they visit, where they travel, and where they live and work. In addition, geo-social data also reveals which regional merchants are popular and why. We propose a series of partner-finding techniques that leverage geo-social data at increasing granularity and discuss analytics to rank potential partners. We present compelling business case studies using real data from Foursquare, a social networking website. We also discuss how retailers can combine geo-social data with traditional data such as demographics, weather information, and their own marketing databases to personalize partner-marketing.
<title>M<formula><sup><roman>2</roman></sup></formula>-factor for MOPA CuBr laser system</title> (2007)

M<sup>2</sup>-factor of the master-oscillator power-amplifier (MOPA) CuBr laser emission compliant with ISO 11146 is studied for first time. M<sup>2</sup> is an invariant that gives how many times diffraction-limited is a laser beam compared to a perfect Gaussian TEM<sub>00</sub> beam. Statistical parameters of the near and far fields of MOPA laser radiation are measured by a beam analyzing technique. Two patterns of the MOPA laser emission are examined: annular that is typical for lasers without addition of hydrogen, and of filled-center (top-hat and Gaussian-like) with addition of hydrogen. 2D intensity profile changes of the near and far fields are recorded as functions of delay time of laser excitation current pulses. The MOPA gain curve is found and the influence of gain on the input signal (from MO into PA) due to the absorption/amplification in PA on the field profiles is shown. The change of position and waveform of laser pulses is given too. For annular radiation M<sup>2</sup> range is from 13-14 (small delays) to 5-6 (large delays) and for filled-center radiation M<sup>2</sup> is 6-7 (small delays) and at the end of gain curve is as much as 4.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetics and Mechanism of Pyrolysis of Sulfonyl Hydrazones and Oximes. Part 1. Contribution to Reactivity from Hydrazone HN—N and Oxime O—N Bond Polarity. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Hybrid boundary element and finite difference method for solving the nonlinear Poisson–Boltzmann equation (2004)

A hybrid approach for solving the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation (PBE) is presented. Under this approach, the electrostatic potential is separated into (1) a linear component satisfying the linear PBE and solved using a fast boundary element method and (2) a correction term accounting for nonlinear effects and optionally, the presence of an ion-exclusion layer. Because the correction potential contains no singularities (in particular, it is smooth at charge sites) it can be accurately and efficiently solved using a finite difference method. The motivation for and formulation of such a decomposition are presented together with the numerical method for calculating the linear and correction potentials. For comparison, we also develop an integral equation representation of the solution to the nonlinear PBE. When implemented upon regular lattice grids, the hybrid scheme is found to outperform the integral equation method when treating nonlinear PBE problems. Results are presented for a spherical cavity containing a central charge, where the objective is to compare computed 1D nonlinear PBE solutions against ones obtained with alternate numerical solution methods. This is followed by examination of the electrostatic properties of nucleic acid structures.
Spatial imaging with 3D capacitance measurements (2007)

The authors unintentionally omitted to mention that parallel work on 3D ECT has been developed by Warsito and Fan (2003) but using the artificial neural networks to 3D image reconstruction (where our group concentrated on algebraic methods) and that the rectangular shape of electrodes was also used by Warsito and Fan (2003) but in a twin-plane sensor (where our group used three or more planes).
The Effect of Features on Clustering in Audio Surveillance (2007)

The effect of the choice of features on unsupervised clustering in audio surveillance is investigated. The importance of individual features in a larger feature set is first analyzed by examining the component loadings in principal component analysis (PCA). The individual sound events are then assigned into clusters using the self-tuning spectral clustering and the classical K-means algorithms. A weighted version of the original set is used, where the weights have been optimized by a genetic algorithm (GA) for maximally error-free clustering. The weighted feature set expectedly outperforms the original feature set and its PCA-reduced version. Insight into the importance of individual features is also gained. 1.
Subject Guides: Patent Searching: Home (2020)

This guide supplements other existing guides by emphasizing patent contents and search strategies.