gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The 5 alpha-reductase in the brain: molecular aspects and relation to brain function. (1992)

All the classes of hormonal steroids physiologically produced in the body (androgens, estrogens, progestagens, and corticosteroids) are able to exert important effects on the brain, but the mechanisms of their actions are not always well understood. Steroids may interact with intracellular receptors to activate the genome, but some of their effects are probably extragenomic and involve interactions with cellular membranes. Moreover, not all the steroids act always in their native molecular form; a large group of them must actually be transformed into "active" metabolites. This may occur at the level of their respective target structures. For example, androgens are metabolized in the brain into estrogens and into 5 alpha-reduced androgens, like 5 alpha-androstan-17 beta-ol-3-one (dihydrotestosterone; DHT) and 5 alpha-androstan-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol (3 alpha-diol). Progesterone, and possibly corticosteroids, may also be transformed into their corresponding 5 alpha-reduced metabolites. Also the cellular target (neurons and/or glial cells) of the hormonal steroids in the brain is not always clear. This review analyzes in detail one of the two major enzymatic systems that transform steroids in the brain, namely the 5 alpha-reductase-3 alpha-(3 beta)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase pathway. An active 5 alpha-reductase-3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase system is widely distributed in practically all CNS structures in all phases of development. In the brain, this enzymatic system is not regulated by castration or sex steroid administration; furthermore, neural inputs seem to be ineffective at the hypothalamic level. A recent interesting finding is the presence of high concentrations of the 5 alpha-reductase in the white matter. This probably is due to the fact that the white matter is particularly rich in myelin membranes, with which the enzymatic activity appears to be associated. An active 5 alpha-reductase activity has also been shown to be present in peripheral myelinated nerves. The localization in myelin membranes may suggest a possible involvement of 5 alpha-reduced metabolites of the different steroids in the process of myelination. The presence of the 5 alpha-reductase was analyzed in neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes isolated from the brains of male rats, as well as in neurons and glial cells grown in culture. Neurons appear to be more active than glial cells in converting testosterone into DHT. Only neurons possess aromatase activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Repeat Abortions Are Common in Vietnam, May Be Linked to Son Preference (2014)

Young adult black men and women in South Africa differ with regard to the association between HIV-related stigma and testing behavior, a cohort study finds. (1) Women who held HIV-related stigmatizing attitudes (reflecting negative moral judgment of infected individuals) were more likely than other women to have been tested for the virus (odds ratio, 3.0). In addition, women who perceived that others viewed and treated HIV-infected people negatively or who had witnessed others discriminating against infected individuals had reduced odds of having been tested (0.6 and 0.4, respectively). None of these stigma-related measures was associated with testing among men, however. Researchers analyzed data from the Cape Area Panel Study, which followed a representative sample of adolescents in Cape Town as they moved into young adulthood. The current analysis used data from the study's 2009 wave, which was conducted when participants were aged 20-30, and was restricted to HIV-negative black respondents who had had sexual intercourse. During interviews, participants reported whether they had ever been tested for and provided information on their demographic, social and other characteristics. In addition, they answered questions pertaining to three dimensions of stigma-holding stigmatizing attitudes, perceiving stigma in the community and directly observing enacted stigma (i.e., witnessing action indicative of stigma). For each dimension, participants answered three questions; responses were analyzed both in a binary fashion (whether participants had answered yes to any of the three questions) and in a continuous fashion (by tabulating the number of yes responses). The researchers computed descriptive statistics for the sample and performed bivariate and multivariate analyses to assess associations between HIV-testing history and each stigma dimension. The analytic sample consisted of 553 men and 674 women. On average, respondents were 25 years old, had 10 years of education and lived in households with a monthly income of about US$100. Only 4% of men and 12% of women were married. Overall, 55% of men and 38% of women held at least one stigmatizing attitude (e.g., believing that HIV is a punishment for sleeping around); 57% and 62%, respectively, perceived that others stigmatized HIV-positive individuals (e.g., by treating them badly or unfairly); and 35% and 45% had directly observed others treating HIV-positive persons in a manner consistent with stigma (e.g., rejecting them as family members). Larger proportions of men than of women answered yes to each of the questions pertaining to stigmatizing attitudes, whereas larger proportions of women than of men reported having observed enacted stigma. Overall, 63% of men and 69% of women had been tested for HIV. In multivariate analyses among men, no associations were apparent between any of the dimensions of stigma and the odds of having been tested, regardless of whether the dimension was assessed in a binary fashion or continuous fashion. …
The research of RATRP of styrene in the microemulsion (2005)

Abstract In this paper, the reverse atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene in microemulsion was studied and some small molecular electrolyte was introduced into the microemulsion to limit the content of transition‐metal in the aqueous medium by salt effect and to control the molecular weight well ulteriorly. The polymerization was carried out at 80°C, with a mechanical agitator, using 2,2′‐A20‐bisbutyro‐nitrile (AIBN) as initiator and CuCl 2 /bpy as catalyst, under N 2 atmosphere. Effects of the mole ratio of AIBN/CuCl 2 /bpy, the kind and content of small molecular electrolyte on the molecular weight of the polymers, and convention of the monomer were investigated through viscosity measurement, gel permeation chromatography, and transmission electronic microscope. The results show that adding CuCl 2 /bpy to the reactive system could control the increase of the molecular weight and the conversion effectively. The molecular weight and conversion would decrease with the increase of amount of CuCl 2 . When the mole ratio of AIBN/CuCl 2 /bpy is 1:2:6, the molecular weight is no more than 18 × 10 4 . Adding NaCl or NaBr could make the molecular weight and conversion decrease too. A linear relationship between the molecular weight and the conversion can be obtained when the amount of NaCl or NaBr reaches 1.0% to water. The distribution index of molecular weight of the system with NaCl is narrower than that of system without NaCl. What's more, latex particles' shape is spherical whose diameter is from 10 to 100 nm. All researches we have laid a foundation for further study. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1093–1099, 2006
Thermal analysis of polydimethylsiloxanes. I. Thermal degradation in controlled atmospheres (1969)

Abstract Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) of catalyst‐free polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) have been carried out in controlled atmospheres and a kinetic analysis of the results has enabled the various decomposition processes to be separated and identified. The calculated activation energy for thermal depolymerization is 42 ± 3 kcal/mole, while thermo‐oxidation has an apparent activation energy of 30 ± 2 kcal/mole. Quantitative analyses of the major degradation products and molecular weight distribution studies of the residues from degradation studies under isothermal conditions have shown that in vacuo , PDMS fractions depolymerize to cyclic dimethylsiloxanes and low molecular weight linear residues by a randomly initiated mechanism which, it is postulated, involves the formation of an intramolecular, cyclic, four‐centered transition state followed by siloxane bond rearrangement. This mechanism is a basic property of linear PDMS fractions and is independent of molecular weight. Molecular weight distribution (MWD) changes observed from further isothermal investigations on hydroxy endblocked PDMS fractions, have shown the presence of a chain‐lengthening process in vacuo below the depolymerization temperature. This process, with an apparent activation energy of 8.6 ± 1 kcal/mole, is attributed to the intermolecular condensation of terminal hydroxyl groups.
The Vaporization of Molybdenum and Tungsten Oxides (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTThe Vaporization of Molybdenum and Tungsten OxidesPaul E. Blackburn, Michael Hoch, and Herrick L. JohnstonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1958, 62, 7, 769–773Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150565a001https://doi.org/10.1021/j150565a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1285Altmetric-Citations123LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
An Automated Segmentation Method for Lung Parenchyma Image Sequences Based on Fractal Geometry and Convex Hull Algorithm (2018)

Statistically solitary pulmonary nodules are about 6% to 17% of juxtapleural nodules. The accurate segmentation of lung parenchyma sequences of juxtapleural nodules is the basis of subsequent pulmonary nodule segmentation and detection. In order to solve the problem of incomplete segmentation of the juxtapleural nodules and segmentation inefficiency, this paper proposes an automated framework to combine the threshold iteration method to segment the lung parenchyma images and the fractal geometry method to detect the depression boundary. The framework includes an improved convex hull repair to complete the accurate segmentation of the lung parenchyma. The evaluation results confirm that the proposed method can segment juxtapleural lung parenchymal images accurately and efficiently.
Prognostic value of LINE-1 retrotransposon expression and its subcellular localization in breast cancer (2012)

Long interspersed nuclear element 1 (L1) belongs to a family of retrotransposons. Expression of the normally repressed L1 retrotransposons has been shown to induce genome instability by creating DNA double-stranded breaks and chromosomal rearrangements through the process of retrotransposition. At present, little is known about the expression of L1-encoded ORF1p and ORF2p which are indispensable for its retrotransposition activity. Given its potentially harmful effects on the genome, we investigated the implications of both ORF1p and ORF2p expression and their subcellular localization in a range of breast cancer cell lines and breast tumor tissues including 15 normal breast tissues, 25 fibroadenomas, 25 ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS), and 95 invasive cancers. Clinicopathologic parameters and survival outcomes were investigated in association with the cytoplasmic and nuclear expression of ORF1p and ORF2p using univariate and multivariate analysis. High cytoplasmic expression of ORF1p and ORF2p was seen in DCIS tumors, but they were not related with survival outcome. The majority of invasive cancers were found to express both ORF1p and ORF2p in the cytoplasm, while nuclear expression was also seen in a subclass of those invasive cancers in the range of 28-31 %. Tumors with high nuclear expression of ORF1p and ORF2p were more significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.001) and the worst patient survival (p < 0.0001) than those with cytoplasmic expression. This is the first study examining the effects of both ORF1p and ORF2p expression in breast cancer tissues. Our observation shows altered expression patterns of ORF1p and ORF2p within invasive cancers, which are related to differences in overall patient survival. The differing patterns of both cytoplasmic and nuclear ORF1p and ORF2p expression indicate that further studies of the biology and function of L1 retrotransposons are required in breast cancer.
A Semantic Context-Based Model for MobileWeb Services Access Control (2011)

As mobile web services becomes more pervasive, applications based on mobile web services will need flexible access control mechanisms. Unlike traditional approaches based on the identity or role for access control, access decisions for these applications will depend on the combination of the required attributes of users and the contextual information. This paper proposes a semantic context-based access control model (called SCBAC) to be applied in mobile web services environment by combining semantic web technologies with context-based access control mechanism. The proposed model is a context-centric access control solutions, context is the first-class principle that explicitly guides both policy specification and enforcement process. In order to handle context information in the model, this paper proposes a context ontology to represent contextual information and employ it in the inference engine. As well as, this paper specifies access control policies as rules over ontologies representing the concepts introduced in the SCBAC model, and uses semantic web rule language (SWRL) to form policy rule and infer those rules by JESS inference engine. The proposed model can also be applied to context-aware applications.
Comparative Analysis of the Properties of Tween‐20, Tween‐60, Tween‐80, Arlacel‐60, and Arlacel‐80 (2007)

Foamability and foam stability, emulsifying power, surface tension, and interfacial tension were investigated for Tween‐20 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate), Tween‐60 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate), Tween‐80 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate), Arlacel‐60 (Sorbitan stearate), and Arlacel‐80 (Sorbitan oleate). Among all the surfactants tested for their foaming power and foamabilty, Arlacel‐60 and Arlacel‐80 showed the best results; the foaming power and foamability was found to be 100%. The surfactants having foam stability more than 50% can be considered as metastable and those less than 50% are considered as low‐stability foams. In case of surface tension and interfacial tension property measurements, Arlacel‐80 showed the best results. At 1% surfactant concentration, the surface tension and interfacial tension of Arlacel‐80 was found to be 29.9 dynes/cm and 1.1 dynes/cm at 30°C ambient temperature. Also, Arlacel‐60 was found to exhibit the best emulsifying power among all the surfactants tested. At 30°C, the emulsifying property of Arlacel‐60 was 6 hours. Keywords: Surfactantsfoaming powerfoamabilityemulsifying powersurface tensioninterfacial tension Notes This work was supported by ICI Surfactants (India) Ltd. by providing the gift samples of surfactants for research work.
Exploring in vivo blood flow dynamics (1998)

With the development of improved MR imaging techniques, there has been a resurgence of interest since the early 1980s. Today, MR flow imaging techniques are regarded as important clinical tools for providing detailed in vivo blood flow information. MR phase velocity mapping is a versatile noninvasive flow quantification method that is well suited for analyzing in vivo flow patterns. Since the introduction of quantitative MR velocity imaging methods, clinical and research applications of these techniques have flourished, enabling noninvasive acquisition of detailed quantitative blood flow information. The success of quantitative flow imaging complements recent advances in computational fluid dynamics, which may provide further understanding of cardiovascular mechanics and the genesis and development of cardiovascular disease.
Modelling and directionally encoding the acousticsof a room (1998)

Geometrical methods are often used to model the acoustic properties of a room, but are valid only for high frequencies. At low frequencies, diffraction and the effects of room modes cannot be neglected. A method for modelling the two-dimensional propagation of sound within an enclosed room is presented which encompasses both of these particular properties by making use of a digital waveguide model.
Post Graduate Education for Orthoptists in Kyusyu District. (2). (1994)

「九州地区視能訓練士勉強会」については,第29回の本学会にてその第1報を報告し,その原著を本協会誌17:95-99,1989に発表した.会の発展とともに名称を「九州視能訓練士集談会」と改め,通算10回目を迎えた会の成果と問題点を述べ,またアンケート調査をふたたびおこない5年前と比較した.新しいORTの増加とともに,新人の卒後教育,経験豊かなORTにとっては生涯教育の一貫としてこの会は役だっていることがわかった.
Solid Modeling by Computers: From Theory to Applications (1984)

This book contains the papers presented at the international research sympo sium Modeling by Computers: From Theory to Applications, held at the General Motors Research Laboratories on September 25-27, 1983. This was the 28th syposium in aseries which the Research Laboratories began sponsor ing in 1957. Each symposium has focused on a topic that is both under active study at the Research Laboratories and is also of interest to the larger technical community. Solid modeling is still a very young research area, young even when com pared with other computer-related research fields. Ten years ago, few people recognized the importance of being able to create complete and unambiguous computer models of mechanical parts. Today there is wide recognition that computer representations of solids are aprerequisite for the automation of many engineering analyses and manufacturing applications. In September 1983, the time was ripe for a symposium on this subject. Re search had already demonstrated the efficacy of solid modeling as a tool in computer automated design and manufacturing, and there were significant re suIts wh ich could be presented at the symposium. Yet the field was still young enough that we could bring together theorists in solid modeling and practition ers applying solid modeling to other research areas in a group sm all enough to allow a stimulating exchange of ideas.
Hepadnaviral X Protein:Review of Recent Progress (1996)

In addition to coding for virion structural proteins and the reverse tanscriptase, all mammalian hepadnaviruses also contain an open-reading frame called X, because its function could not be fathomed from the deduced amino acid sequence. While it is now known that the woodchuck virus (and presumably the other hepadnaviruses, as weil) cannot replicate in the animal host if the X gene is mutated, the exact function of the X protein in the viral life cycle is still unknown. In transient transfection studies, X protein has been shown to trans-activate a wide variety of promoters. The mechanism of this activation is also unclear, although there is accumulating evidence in favor of both a cytoplasmic effect involving signal transduction pathways, and a nuclear effect directly on the transcriptional machinery. lt appears that the X protein is at least as complex as many of the other, better studied viral trans-activators, and may weil yield new insights into mammalian cell functions in the future.
INDEPENDENCE OF <i>H</i>-2<i>K</i> AND <i>H</i>-2<i>D</i> ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS ON THE SURFACE OF MOUSE LYMPHOCYTES (1973)

At 37°C, fluorescein-conjugated anti-H-2 alloantibodies specifically induce, at the surface of living mouse lymphocytes, the redistribution of the corresponding H-2 antigens, which cluster as patches and sometimes single caps at one pole of the cell. This aggregation is inhibited at 0°C and the H-2 antigens, stained by fluorescent antibodies in the cold, appear evenly spread over the cell surface. This phenomenon was used to define the relationships between the membrane structures bearing the antigens coded by the H-2K and the H-2D genes of the H-2 region. Monospecific anti-H-2 antibodies coupled to either tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate or fluorescein isothiocyanate were used to induce the redistribution of H-2D and H-2K antigens of the H-2b and H-2k haplotype at the surface of lymph node cells from homozygous and F1 hybrid mice. It was observed that the diffuse distribution of H-2K antigens labeled at 0°C was not affected by the prior antibody-induced aggregation of H-2D antigens and vice versa. The results were the same for H-2 antigens governed by genes located either in cis or in trans position. These data indicate that the H-2K and H-2D antigens migrate independently at the cell surface, and suggest that the gene products from the D and the K end of the H-2 region are expressed on independent molecules or structures at the cell membrane.
Novelist Honors His Teachers (2005)

Louis Cha, known as Jin Yong to millions of readers, enjoys a huge reputation as a kongfu novelist. His blockbuster novels as well as TV series adapted from his kongfu stories have fascinated readers nationwide for decades. Since the introduction of the reform and opening up policies, he has visited his hometown Jiaxing and Haining four times. During his visits to his
Zerstörung von Bezugsystemen als Nährboden für Ausländerfeindlichkeit. 1 (1993)

published
Printed inductors in RF consumer applications (2001)

This paper presents the results of an investigation on multilayer planar inductors (printed inductors). A multilayer inductor design is described resulting in a high value of inductance at small dimensions. Consideration of manufacturing and reproduction tolerances is made. Finally measurement results on typical parameters describing a printed inductor are given. These results may be directly used for RF circuit simulation or for the design of PCB layouts.
Brainstem electrical responses from selected tone pip stimuli. (1980)

Brainstem-electrical responses were obtained from 10 normal hearing adult subjects using frequency specific tone pips as stimuli. The four frequency specific tone pips (500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz) were diamond shaped with a 2.5-msec rise/fall time. Each tone pip was presented at four intensity levels (70, 50, 30, and 10 dB hearing threshold level), and graphic recordings were made for each frequency at the specific intensity levels. Frequency specific Wave V intensity-latency functions were plotted, and these results were compared to tone pip data obtained in previous studies. In addition, suggested test procedures for obtaining tone pip brainstem-evoked responses under diagnostic conditions are discussed.
Aripiprazole in Children and Adolescents With Bipolar Disorder Comorbid With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (2009)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00116259.