gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Poly(<scp>l</scp>-lactic acid)-block-poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) Multiblock Copolymers: From Synthesis to Thermo-Mechanical Properties (2014)

Multiblock copolymers poly(l-lactic acid)-block-poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate)s (abbr. P(LLA-mb-BSA)s) are synthesized via a polycondensation/chain extension/coupling method using binary chain extenders. A poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) prepolymer synthesized via direct melt polycondensation of l-lactic acid is rapidly chain extended with a bis (2-oxazoline) to form hydroxyl terminated dimer, and the dimer is then chain extended/coupled with a hydroxyl terminated poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA) prepolymer by a diisocyanate. The microstructure is characterized with GPC, 1H NMR and FTIR, and the thermo-mechanical properties are investigated with DSC, TGA, DMA, tensile, and impact testing. In the copolymers, the PLLA hard segments are crystallizable and the PBSA soft segments are amorphous, and only melting of PLLA segment was detected. Two independent glass transitions corresponding to both segments are observed, suggesting incompatibility between the two kinds of segments. The tensile modulus and strength decrease while the elongation at break and impact strength increase with increasing the weight percentage of PBSA segment (ϕw,PBSA). The mechanical properties can be tuned in wide range by ϕw,PBSA, from toughened thermoplastics with excellent tensile modulus, strength and impact strength to thermoplastic elastomers with high elongation at break.
THE SPATIAL SENSITIVITY OF TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY (1989)

With any method for measuring soil water content it is useful to know the spatial sensitivity of the measurement, i.e., what volume of soil is measured and what the distribution of sensitivity is within that volume. We determined this information for the method of time-domain reflectometry (TDR), using a laboratory procedure in which the distribution of water surrounding the waveguides was controlled to give different spatial arrangements of water around the waveguides. The sensitivity is largely confined to a region with a cross-sectional area of approximately 1000 mm2 surrounding the waveguides, although a limited sensitivity extends much farther, enclosing 3500 to 4000 mm2. The width of the region of sensitivity normal to the plane containing the wave-guides is approximately 30 mm, indicating that the method should allow excellent depth resolution when the waveguides are installed horizontally, and that it should be possible to place such waveguides within 20 mm of the surface. Finally, there was no discernible variation in sensitivity longitudinally (along the length of the wave-guides).
Modulator design and architecture for multiple wireless applications (2002)

A single circuit architecture to support BPSK, OQPSK, spectrally-efficient FQPSK and spectrally-efficient constant-envelope FQPSK-KF is described. Classical binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and offset quadrature phase shift keying (OQPSK), as well as spectrally-efficient FQPSK (filtered quadrature phase shift keying) constant envelope FQPSK-KF (filtered quadrature phase shift keying-Kato-Feher) are discussed. Waveshaping for increased spectral efficiency using ROM lookup table implementation is explored. A single circuit implementation is described to provide digital baseband modulation for all of the modulation formats discussed.
HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF THE HISTOGENESIS OF THE HUMAN ELBOW JOINT (1962)

Research Articles| June 25 2008 HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF THE HISTOGENESIS OF THE HUMAN ELBOW JOINT Subject Area: Further Areas , Pathology and Cell Biology Helge Andersen Helge Andersen Laboratory of Cyto- and Histochemistry, Department of Anatomy, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Acta Anatomica (1962) 51 (1-2): 50–68. https://doi.org/10.1159/000141939 Article history Received: May 24 1962 Published Online: June 25 2008 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Helge Andersen; HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF THE HISTOGENESIS OF THE HUMAN ELBOW JOINT. Acta Anatomica 31 December 1962; 51 (1-2): 50–68. https://doi.org/10.1159/000141939 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsActa Anatomica Search Advanced Search Article PDF first page preview Close Modal This content is only available via PDF. 1962Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. You do not currently have access to this content.
Understanding the intrinsic radioactivity energy spectrum from 176Lu in LYSO/LSO scintillation crystals (2018)

Lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) or lutetium yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) are the scintillator materials most widely used today in PET detectors due to their convenient physical properties for the detection of 511 keV annihilation photons. Natural lutetium contains 2.6% of <sup>176</sup>Lu which decays beta to excited states of <sup>176</sup>Hf producing a constant background signal. Although previous works have studied the background activity from LSO/LYSO, the shape of the spectrum, resulting from β-particle and γ radiation self-detection, has not been fully explained. The present work examines the contribution of the different β-particle and γ-ray interactions to provide a fuller comprehension of this background spectrum and to explain the differences observed when using crystals of different sizes. To this purpose we have shifted the continuous β-particle energy spectrum of <sup>176</sup>Lu from zero to the corresponding energy value for all combinations of the isomeric transitions of <sup>176</sup>Hf (γ-rays/internal conversion). The area of each shifted β-spectrum was normalized to reflect the probability of occurrence. To account for the probability of the γ-rays escaping from the crystal, Monte Carlo simulations using PENELOPE were performed in which point-like sources of monoenergetic photons were generated, inside LYSO square base prisms (all 1 cm thick) of different sizes: 1.0 cm to 5.74 cm. The analytic distributions were convolved using a varying Gaussian function to account for the measured energy resolution. The calculated spectra were compared to those obtained experimentally using monolithic crystals of the same dimensions coupled to SiPM arrays. Our results are in very good agreement with the experiment, and even explain the differences observed due to crystal size. This work may prove useful to calibrate and assess detector performance, and to measure energy resolution at different energy values.
Classifying unstructured data into natural language text and technical information (2014)

Software repository data, for example in issue tracking systems, include natural language text and technical information, which includes anything from log files via code snippets to stack traces.
Effect of porosity and stoichiometry on the thermal conductivity of uranium dioxide (1974)

Measurements have been made using a flash thermal diffusivity technique from 550 to 2500 K on a range of well-characterized materials. Data are reported on specimens of five different porosity levels, samples in which porosity has been redistributed, and specimens, initially of two different porosity levels, oxidized to three different hyperstoichiometries. The data are discussed in the light of current theories, and it is shown that the porosity correction term is temperature-dependent. The conductivity λP at any porosity P over the temperature (T) range 500-1600 K is given by λP (W m−1 K−1) = [0·0433+0·355P + (2·01+1·47P) × 10−4T]−1. This temperature-dependent porosity correction is shown to be related to total porosity, and it is suggested that this is due to additional vacancy scattering. An expression is derived for the additional phonon scattering due to interstitial oxygen atoms up to small hyperstoichiometry levels. Finally, the deviation from linearity at high temperatures is shown to be due to an electronic contribution to the total thermal conductivity.
The Neonatal Integrative Developmental Care Model: Advanced Clinical Applications of the Seven Core Measures for Neuroprotective Family-centered Developmental Care (2016)

The Neonatal Integrative Developmental Care Model, which outlines seven core measures for neuroprotective family-centered developmental care of premature infants, is a framework that guides clinical practice in many neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) around the globe. The seven neuroprotective core measures are depicted as overlapping petals of a lotus as the 1) healing environment, 2) partnering with families, 3) positioning & handling, 4) safeguarding sleep, 5) minimizing stress and pain, 6) protecting skin, and 7) optimizing nutrition. Skin to Skin Contact (SSC) is considered the foundation for care of infants in the NICU and its importance as the “normal environment” and the ideal place of care is described. The mother/child dyad is the center of the lotus surrounded closely by symbols representing various aspects of the healing environment, highlighting the physical, extra-uterine environment in which the infant now lives, the significance of the developing infant's sensory system, and the influence of people (patient, family, and staff) who help to create a healing environment for hospitalized infants and their families. The Neonatal Integrative Developmental Care Model utilizes neuroprotective interventions as strategies to support optimal synaptic neural connections, promote normal neurological, physical, and emotional development and prevent disabilities.
The Cico Domain-Based Parser (2001)

Domain-based parsing is a shallow parsing technique that exploits\nknowledge about domain-specific properties of terms in order to determine\n"optimal" parse trees for natural language sentences.\nCico is a simple parser using domain-based parsing. It is particularly\nwell suited for parsing natural language sentences of technical nature\n(e.g., requirements documents for software systems), as in this case\nseveral simplifying assumptions hold, and has been used successfully\nin several experiments in the requirement engineering field. In the\nfirst part of this report, we describe formally the parsing algorithm\nimplemented by Cico, and give some experimental data on its performance.\nIn the second part, we provide a complete user manual for cico3,\nan implementation of the Cico algorithm, and for a number of associated\ntools. Finally, in the third part, we present some illustrative example\ntaken from real applications.
Playing Technique Classification Based on Deep Collaborative Learning of Variational Auto-Encoder and Gaussian Process (2018)

Modeling musical timbre is critical for various music information retrieval (MIR) tasks. This work addresses the task of classifying playing techniques, which involves extremely subtle variations of timbre among different categories. A deep collaborative learning framework is proposed to represent a music with greater discriminative power than previously achieved. Firstly, a novel variational autoencoder (VAE) is developed to eliminate the variation of acoustic features within a class. Secondly, a Gaussian process classifier is jointly learned to distinguish the variations of timbres between classes, which increases the discriminative power of the learned representations. We derive a new lower bound that guides a VAE-based representation. Experiments were conducted on a database of seven classes of guitar playing techniques. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method outperforms baselines in terms of the Fl-score and accuracy.
Reducing Packet Overhead In Mobile Ipv6 (2012)

Common Mobile IPv6 mechanisms, Bidirectional tunneling and Route optimization, show inefficient packet overhead when both nodes are mobile. Researchers have proposed methods to reduce packet overhead regarding to maintain compatible with standard mechanisms. In this paper, three mechanisms in Mobile IPv6 are discussed to show their efficiency and performance. Following discussion, a new mechanism called Improved Tunneling-based Route Optimization is proposed and due to performance analysis, it is shown that proposed mechanism has less overhead comparing to common mechanisms. Analytical results indicate that Improved Tunneling-based Route Optimization transmits more payloads due to send packets with less overhead.
<i>In vitro</i> hydrolysis of plant protein concentrate with papain (1977)

Abstract A method was tested for measuring in vitro papain proteolysis of extracted plant protein to products soluble in trichloroacetic acid. The effects of incubation time, temperature and enzyme concentration were examined. Maximum proteolysis (82.9%) was obtained at 70°C for 24 h and a ratio of papain/protein substrate of approximately 1:10.
Hydrodynamic Boundary Effects on Thermophoresis of Confined Colloids (2016)

We study hydrodynamic slowing down of a particle moving in a temperature gradient perpendicular to a wall. At distances much smaller than the particle radius, h≪a, the lubrication approximation leads to the reduced velocity u/u_{0}=3(h/a)[ln(a/h)-9/4], where u_{0} is the velocity in the bulk. With Brenner's result for confined diffusion, we find that the trapping efficiency, or effective Soret coefficient, increases logarithmically as the particle gets very close to the wall. Our results provide a quantitative explanation for the recently observed enhancement of thermophoretic trapping at short distances. Our discussion of parallel and perpendicular thermophoresis in a capillary reveals a good agreement with experiments on charged polystyrene particles, and sheds some light on a controversy concerning the size dependence and the nonequilibrium nature of the Soret effect.
Attenuated neural response to gamble outcomes in drug-naive patients with Parkinson’s disease (2013)

Parkinson's disease results from the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, manifesting as a spectrum of motor, cognitive and affective deficits. Parkinson's disease also affects reward processing, but disease-related deficits in reinforcement learning are thought to emerge at a slower pace than motor symptoms as the degeneration progresses from dorsal to ventral striatum. Dysfunctions in reward processing are difficult to study in Parkinson's disease as most patients have been treated with dopaminergic drugs, which sensitize reward responses in the ventral striatum, commonly resulting in impulse control disorders. To circumvent this treatment confound, we assayed the neural basis of reward processing in a group of newly diagnosed patients with Parkinson's disease that had never been treated with dopaminergic drugs. Thirteen drug-naive patients with Parkinson's disease and 12 healthy age-matched control subjects underwent whole-brain functional magnetic resonance imaging while they performed a simple two-choice gambling task resulting in stochastic and parametrically variable monetary gains and losses. In patients with Parkinson's disease, the neural response to reward outcome (as reflected by the blood oxygen level-dependent signal) was attenuated in a large group of mesolimbic and mesocortical regions, comprising the ventral putamen, ventral tegmental area, thalamus and hippocampus. Although these regions showed a linear response to reward outcome in healthy individuals, this response was either markedly reduced or undetectable in drug-naive patients with Parkinson's disease. The results show that the core regions of the meso-cortico-limbic dopaminergic system, including the ventral tegmental area, ventral striatum, and medial orbitofrontal cortex, are already significantly compromised in the early stages of the disease and that these deficits cannot be attributed to the contaminating effect of dopaminergic treatment.
Options for Second-Line Treatment in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. (2016)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major public health problem in the United States and worldwide. The majority of patients who have CRC eventually present with metastatic disease. The overall therapeutic goals for most patients with metastatic CRC (mCRC) are to control the disease, prolong life span, and maximize quality of life. Therefore, the ratio of efficacy to toxicity is one of the most important factors in choosing among treatment options and sequencing regimens. In addition, the choice of first-line systemic therapy will affect the options for second-line treatment. Several newer cytotoxic agents for the treatment of mCRC have been approved during the past 2 decades by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), including irinotecan, oxaliplatin, and capecitabine. The combination of a fluoropyrimidine (5-fluorouracil or capecitabine) with either oxaliplatin or irinotecan has been widely accepted as standard cytotoxic chemotherapy for either the first- or second-line treatment of mCRC. The FDA has approved several pathway-targeting agents for the treatment of mCRC; these include agents that target the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor pathway (bevacizumab, ziv-aflibercept, and ramucirumab) and those that target the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway (cetuximab and panitumumab). Here, we review the current clinical options for the second-line treatment of mCRC and the rationales for their use.
Optimal Steiner Points (1992)

Given three points P, Q, and R in the plane, the shortest path connecting the points using only straight lines between the points is equal to the sum of the shorter two sides of APQR. By introducing a fourth point interior to APQR when all its angles are less than 120?, a shorter network is obtained. There is a point S in APQR such that the sum of the Euclidean distances of S from the three vertices is minimized. This point is called the Steiner point of the triangle, after the mid-19th-century Swiss geometer Jacob Steiner, an early investigator of the question of minimal networks among a finite number of points [2]. For example, in an equilateral triangle of side 1, a minimal path that connects the vertices and stays on the perimeter has length 2, whereas a network of vertices and Steiner point S has length 3 = 1.732, still more than half the perimeter. By introducing a well-known Minkowski metric and constructing the Steiner point with respect to that metric, the length of the minimal network can be improved for any three vertices to half the length of the perimeter. Such a Steiner point is optimal in the sense that the lengths in the network could not be shortened and still satisfy the triangle inequality required in a metric space. A point S in the metric space (d, X) is said to be an optimal Steiner point of A PQR if the d-length of the network connecting P, Q, R, and S is half the d-length of the perimeter of A PQR. We shall see that, if the metric is Minkowski, all triangles have optimal Steiner points if and only if the defining unit ball is a parallelogram. We start by noting some familiar facts. Given any three positive real numbers [a, b,c], some or all of which may be the same, the triple can be the distances between three points in the Euclidean plane, denoted by E2, as long as the sum of any two is greater than or equal to the third. [1, 1, 1] can be realized in E2 as the distances between the vertices P1, P2, P3 of any equilateral triangle of side length 1. [3,4,5] and [1, 1, 2] will do, but [1, 1, 2.001] will not. These are particular examples of the more general concept of a metric set. A set F of n abstract points together with a distance function d: F X F -> [0, oo) satisfying the axioms for a metric space is called a metric set of n points. Any metric set of three points can be embedded in the plane with the Euclidean distance function as a triangle or as collinear points. When a fourth point is introduced, there are six distances. Denoting d(Pi, Pj) by dij for i, j = 1,2,3,4, we always keep the order [dI2, d23, d3l, dI4, d24, d34]I Going back to an equilateral triangle of side 1 and vertices P1, P2, and P3 in E2, let us look for a fourth point P4 that has distance 1 from each vertex. The metric set {P1, P2, P3, P4} will have associated with it the list of six distances [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]. There is no such point in the plane. If we are willing to go to Euclidean 3-space, the four points can be realized as vertices of a tetrahedron with all sides length 1.
Poly-Target Selection Identifies Broad-Spectrum RNA Aptamers (2018)

Aptamer selections often yield distinct subpopulations, each with unique phenotypes that can be leveraged for specialized applications. Although most selections aim to attain ever higher specificity, we sought to identify aptamers that recognize increasingly divergent primate lentiviral reverse transcriptases (RTs). We hypothesized that aptamer subpopulations in libraries pre-enriched against a single RT may exhibit broad-spectrum binding and inhibition, and we devised a multiplexed poly-target selection to elicit those phenotypes against a panel of primate lentiviral RTs. High-throughput sequencing and coenrichment/codepletion analysis of parallel and duplicate selection trajectories rapidly narrowed the list of candidate aptamers by orders of magnitude and identified dozens of priority candidates for further screening. Biochemical characterization validated a novel aptamer motif and several rare and unobserved variants of previously known motifs that inhibited recombinant RTs to varying degrees. These broad-spectrum aptamers also suppressed replication of viral constructs carrying phylogenetically diverse RTs. The poly-target selection and coenrichment/codepletion approach described herein is a generalizable strategy for identifying cross-reactivity among related targets from combinatorial libraries.