gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Safety of Liposomal Anthracyclines (2003)

Anthracyclines have demonstrated antitumor activity in a variety of cancers; however, irreversible cardiac damage is a major dose-limiting toxicity, restricting lifetime cumulative dose. The most successful strategy to improve the cardiac safety of anthracyclines to date involves liposomal encapsulation, which alters the tissue distribution and pharmacokinetics of these agents. The cardiac safeties of liposomal daunorubicin, liposomal doxorubicin (D-99), and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin have been studied in several clinical trials. The lack of published data comparing liposomal daunorubicin with conventional daunorubicin makes it difficult to draw meaningful conclusions regarding the relative cardiac safeties of these formulations. Studies indicate that the risk of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity is considerably lower with liposomal doxorubicin formulations than with conventional doxorubicin. Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin has been studied most extensively and has demonstrated the most significant reductions in risk for cardiotoxicity. Compared with conventional doxorubicin, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin has shown similar efficacy with a significantly lower incidence of cardiotoxicity and significantly fewer cardiac events. Although the long-term cardiac safety of these agents is unknown, data suggest that liposomal anthracyclines, particularly pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, may offer a significant clinical benefit for patients with higher risks for anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity.
Cost-Effective Production of Pure Al<sub>13</sub> from AlCl<sub>3</sub> by Electrolysis (2012)

An integrated electrolysis system was built to synthesize polyaluminum chloride with ultra high-basicity and even pure Al13. The system converts AlCl3 solution from aluminum electrode foil industry waste to Al13 chloride directly with reasonable cost, typically $1.09 per kilogram as Al2(OH)5Cl·2H2O at 25 °C. Electrolyte temperature and current density were investigated to optimize the process. Ferron assay and 27Al NMR results indicated that the purity of Al13 is over 99% in product solutions. Ion chromatogram analysis confirmed that Cl– ions accounted for about 96.5% in all counteranions. Our integrated system is the first instance to obtain pure Al13 polycations directly. Similar high purity products are only available after tedious purification. This effective and economic synthesis procedure has potential for mass production of Al13 for water treatment and catalyst as well as cosmetic industries.
ENDOTHELIN-1-INDUCED CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA: EFFECTS OF KETANSERIN AND MK-801 ON LIMB PLACING IN RATS (2007)

The long-term effects of the 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist ketanserin on deficits in sensorimotor integration (limb placing tests) following transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats were compared to the effects of the NMDA antagonist MK-801. Middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced in conscious rats by microinjection of endothelin-1 in the vicinity of the artery (EMCAO model). The EMCAO/vehicle rats exhibited impaired tactile and proprioceptive limb placing. In contrast to ketanserin, MK-801 exerted severe early behavioral disturbances, but both drugs significantly improved the neurological scores much earlier than the spontaneous recovery of function occurred. The present results suggest that pharmacotherapy by means of ketanserin lacking the severe side effects of the NMDA antagonists can be used to enhance functional recovery after stroke.
DNA Topoisomerases in DNA Repair and DNA Damage Tolerance (1998)

DNA topoisomerases catalyze the interconversion of topological isomers of DNA. Topological changes are required for a wide variety of cellular processes, including transcription, replication and chromosome segregation. The centrality of topoisomerases in DNA metabolism has frequently led to the suggestion that topoisomerases might play important or essential roles in DNA repair and DNA damage tolerance (for an earlier review, see 18). This chapter provides a detailed examination of that thesis.
Evaluation of drape characteristics in fabrics (2005)

Purpose To provide researchers with the details of developments in instruments to measure fabric drape and review the literature related to fabric drape. Design/methodology/approach – In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in investigating the aesthetic behavior of fabrics due to the developments in objective evaluation techniques. To understand drape behavior, it is essential to know how drape is measured quantitatively. This paper reviews research related to drape characteristics of fabrics, two‐dimensional instruments and analysis of drape by measuring stiffness, three‐dimensional instruments developed to measure drape, fabric mechanical properties and their influence on drape measurement, and the latest developments in the field including image analysis, the dynamic drape tester and other related research. Findings – Many instruments for measuring drape have been developed including the earliest that assessed stiffness of fabrics, later versions of drape meters and recent innovative instruments for capturing complex drape information. Even though extensive detail for simple geometric forms such as circles and squares can be provided by the newest methods, measurement of the drape characteristics of complex forms needs the consideration of researchers to extend the work on drape measurement to garments. It was also noted that there are some contradictory conclusions regarding the properties influencing fabric drape. Originality/value – This paper is offered as a concise reference for individuals beginning research in the area of fabric drape.
Extrazelluläre Lipase aus Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (1982)

Abstract Cell‐free growth liquor of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus 69‐V contains an extracellular lipase. Its activity depends on growth phase and carbon source. During growth on acetate or succinate the activity ist low or zero, respectively. Growth on alkanes causes an increase in the extracellular lipase activity. Activity reaches maximum values during the exponential phase of growth which significantly decrease in the stationary phase During the growth on alkanes some surfactants (Tauroglycocholate, Triton X‐405) stimulate the excretion of the enzyme and some other (Tween, Brij, Triton X‐100) inhibit the lipase and growth of cells, respectively Air‐water and alkane‐water interfaces inhibit the lipase activity. During starvation of the bacteria grown on alkanes lipase is excreted in the starvation medium.
Alternate Cathodes for Sodium—Metal Chloride Batteries (1991)

Various metal chlorides were tested as possible cathode materials for sodium-metal batteries (in addition to Fe and Ni chlorides, which have been already developed to a stage of commercialization), using an electrochemical cell consisting of a pyrex tube, heated to 250 C, with the metal wire as working electrode, concentric Ni foil as counterelectrode, and high-purity Al as reference electrode. In particular, the aim of this study was to identify metal chlorides insoluble even in neutral melts, possible at the interface during overcharge, in order to eliminate the failure mode of the cell through a cationic exchange of the dissolved metal ions with sodium beta-double-prime alumina solid electrolyte. Results indicate that Mo and Co are likely alternatives to FeCl2 and NiCl2 cathodes in sodium batteries. The open circuit voltages of Na/CoCl(x) and Na/MoCl(x) cells at 250 C would be 2.55 V and 2.64 V, respectively.
Synergetics (1977)

'Synergetics' is a term that many physicists will have come across without perhaps fully understanding its meaning. In this article Professor Haken tells us that synergetics is a new field of interdisciplinary research and describes its achievements
Molecular markers of neuropsychological functioning and Alzheimer's disease (2015)

This work provides the foundation for the generation of a point-of-care device that can be used to screen for AD.
THE EFFECT OF 5-HT 2 ANTAGONIST FOR URINARY FREQUENCY SYMPTOM ON DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS (1999)

17 cases of patients with diabetes mellitus who had urinary frequency symptom for which anti-cholinergic agents proved ineffective were given Sarpogrelate Hydrochloride (Anplag), a selective 5-HT 2 receptor antagonist. Efficacy was judged using IPSS and QOL scores after 2 weeks medications, these showed that all cases had improved their urinary frequency during the days as well as the night. This was especially true for the QOL score. One time urinary volume markedly increased, but there was no statistical significance after medication in maximum flow rate and residual urine. At the same time, a separate group of 14 mainly BPH cases did not improve entirely. It is believed that reaction in the detrusor muscle with hyperreflexia of diabetes mellitus patients can reach 5-HT, and its reaction is believed to reach via the 5-HT 2 receptor. This paper is a first clinical report of making use of 5-HT 2 antagonist as hyperactive detrusor on diabetes mellitus patients.
Direct Synthesis of Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles (2018)

Conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) can be produced using a variety of preparative techniques. This chapter provides an overview of the different methods and discusses their prevailing advantages and disadvantages. It first categorizes the methods into two fundamental strategies: post-polymerization methods and direct polymerization techniques in disperse hetero-phase systems. As a basic principle, the insolubility of conjugated polymers in polar solvents is exploited in all preparative techniques. In postpolymerization techniques, the conjugated polymer is first prepared in a nonpolar medium, which is a good solvent for the resulting conjugated polymer. CPNs can also be produced as rods by the nanoprecipitation technique. Miniemulsification is the most commonly applied method to generate CPNs, because this method is reproducible and exhibits high tolerance toward different environmental changes such as temperature and concentration. In contrast to miniemulsion, a microemulsion forms spontaneously and is kinetically as well as thermodynamically stable.
Diabetes Mellitus and Its Degenerative Complications: A Prospective Study of 4,400 Patients Observed Between 1947 and 1973 (1978)

This article was originally published in French in Diabete et Metabolisme (vol. 3: 97–107, 173–182, 245–256; 1977). The Editors of DIABETES CARE thank the author, and the editors and publisher of Diabete et Metabolisme for granting permission for us to print this English translation. The paper was translated by Marjorie Levin of Miami, Florida. Part 2 of this translation will appear in the July–August issue of DIABETES CARE.
Lipid vesicle-cell interactions. I. Hemagglutination and hemolysis. (1976)

The interaction of lipid vesicles (liposomes) of several different compositions with erythrocytes has been investigated. Lecithin liposomes, rendered positively charged with stearylamine, exhibit potent hemagglutination activity in media containing low concentrations of electrolytes. The hemagglutination titer is found to be a linear function of the zeta potential of the lipid vesicles. Hemagglutination is reduced when the surface potential of the cells is made more positive by pH adjustment or enzyme treatment. Similarly, hemagglutination is reduced by increasing concentrations of electrolytes. Hemagglutination is examined theoretically and is shown to be consistent with vesicle-cell interactions that are due to only electrostatic forces. Vesicles containing lysolecithin in addition to lecithin and stearylamine cause lysis of erythrocytes, provided the lipids of the vesicles are above the crystal-liquid crystal phase transition temperature. In addition, hemolysis requires close juxtaposition of the vesicle to the cell membrane; vesicles precoated with antibodies exhibit severely diminished hemolytic activities, only a small fraction of which can be attributed to a reduction in hemagglutination titer. Evidence is presented indicating that a single vesicle is sufficient to lyse one cell. With regard to hemagglutination and hemolysis, lipid vesicles of simple composition mimic paramyxoviruses such as Sendai virus.
Simulation of Genetic Systems by Automatic Digital Computers I. Introduction (1957)

Methods of setting automatic digital computers to simulate the algebraic aspects of reproduction, segregation, and selection are discussed. The application of these methods to the problem of the importance of linkage in multifactorial inheritance is illustrated by results from the SILLIAC.
Evolve carrier ethernet architecture with SDN and segment routing (2014)

Ethernet technology has been evolving to become the main Wide Area Network transport technology. To address the rising CAPEX and OPEX issues, service providers are deploying Unified MPLS technology to consolidate various networks into one an integrated carrier ethernet network. Although Unified MPLS has simplified MPLS deployment in many aspects, it is still deemed complex and it is not as agile as what clouding computing demands. This paper proposes a further evolution of carrier ethernet architecture by coupling the emerging segment routing and Software-Defined Network (SDN) technologies. This new architecture will significantly simplify the network infrastructure while providing rich converged services with embedded high availability and agility.
Microstructural Evolution of Iron-Oxide-Doped Alumina Nanoparticles Synthesized from Microemulsions (2002)

A versatile and simple method for preparing highly homogeneous iron-oxide-doped alumina nanosized powders of different compositions is described. The method consists of the hydrolysis with ammonium hydroxide of aluminum and iron nitrate aqueous solutions confined within the reverse micelle nanocavities of water-in-oil microemulsions. The as-prepared powders were characterized in terms of phase composition, morphology, and chemical composition. The thermal evolution of these powders up to the formation of the thermodynamically stable α-Al2O3 phase was studied. Electron microscopy and density studies were also carried out to determine how the presence of iron oxide affects the microstructural development and sintering evolution of compact powders.
Physiological and Pharmacokinetic Factors Affecting Performance of Sustained Release Dosage Forms (1982)

Among many workers in the drug formulation area, there is the mistaken notion that an oral product which releases drug at an idealized rate in vivo will result in drug blood levels which are relatively constant over the duration of the dosing interval. Unfortunately, intra-and inter-subject variability in physiological processes virtually ensures that under clinical conditions this will not be the case. Some of the many factors involved include: (1) differing rates of absorption dependent upon the site of drug release in the gut; (2) gastrointestinal motility and transit times, particularly gastric emptying; (3) the presence of food in the gut; (4) gastrointestinal blood flow; (5) disease and drug induced effects on gut physiology; and (6) the nature of the microflora in the large intestineFrom a pharmacokinetic view, the blood levels of drugs which are more rapidly eliminated from the body will be more sensitive to this gastrointestinal variability than those which are more slowly eliminated. Consequently, the level of success that may be expected from a sustained release product i s inversely proportional t o the therapeutic need for such a product
Preliminary studies of the antifungal activities of some medicinal plants against Basidiobolus and some other pathogenic fungi (1995)

The antifungal activities of extracts of 10 medicinal plants collected from south-eastern parts of Nigeria were tested against seven pathogenic fungi using the broth dilution and agar plate methods. All the extracts at 1:10 dilution inhibited the growth of Basidiobolus haptosporus and B. ranarum but did not inhibit that of Aspergillus fumigatus, Geotrichum candidum and Candida albicans. While extracts from Piper guineense, Ocimum gratissimum, Moringa oleifera and Erythrophleum suaveolens inhibited the growth of Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes, those from Fatropha curcas, Mitracarpus villosus, Azadirachta indica and Gongronema latifolium failed to do so at 1:10 dilution. Extract from Piper sp. was also able to inhibit the growth of B. haptosporus at a concentration as low as 1:80 dilution followed by those of Ocimum and Rauvolfia spp. at 1:40 dilution. These results indicate possible use of certain plant extracts in the treatment of subcutaneous phycomycosis in humans and animals.
Stumped by Student Needs: Factors in Developing Effective Teacher Collaboration (2014)

The article discusses underlying issues in the collaboration of teachers to better address the needs of students who traditionally fail in public schools. Building on a theoretical foundation that considers a variety of factors that typically limit in-school collaboration, the article examines the case of three high school teachers who struggle to work with second language learners who are not functionally literate in either their first or second language and find themselves at great risk of academic failure. Attempts at collaboration among these three teachers are described and both favorable and detrimental cultural, structural, logistical, and personal factors are examined within each of the relationships. Implications for professional development are suggested.
Feature-based Product Review Summarization Utilizing User Score (2010)

With the steadily increasing volume of e-commerce transactions, the amount of userprovided product reviews is increasing on the Web. Because many customers feel that they can purchase product based on the experiences of others that are obtainable through product reviews, the review summarization process has become important. In particular, feature-based product review summarization is needed in order to satisfy the detailed needs of some customers. To achieve such summarization, numerous techniques using natural language processing (NLP), machine learning, and statistical approaches that can evaluate product features within a collection of review documents have been studied. Many of these techniques require sentiment analysis or feature scoring methods. However, existing sentiment analysis methods are limited when determining the sentiment polarity of context-sensitive words, and existing feature scoring methods are limited when only the overall user score is used to evaluate individual product features. In our summarization approach, context-sensitive information is used to determine sentiment polarity while opinioned-feature frequency is used to determine feature scores. Based on experiments with actual review data, our method improved the accuracy of the calculated feature scores and outperformed existing methods.
Optimum lay-up design of variable stiffness composite structures (2011)

Advancements in automated fibre-placement (AFP) technology make it possible to take laminate tailoring further than just stacking sequence optimisation; they enable the designer to vary the fibre orientation angle spatially within each ply. Spatial variation of fibre orientation angles results in a variable stiffness (VS) laminate. The work presented in this thesis constitutes a possible second step of a two-step design process for VS composite structures. The first step is to optimise a VS composite structure in terms of lamination parameters (LP), in the second step the LP design is converted into a lay-up design. The objective of this work was to investigate the available methods and to develop new methods to obtain the optimal VS lay-up design for a given LP design of a VS composite laminate that satisfies prescribed manufacturing constraints. The work in this thesis was divided into three parts to fulfil this objective: conversion of LPs into a lay-up design, design of blended composite lay-ups, and design of fibre-steered composite lay-ups. The reasoning behind this division was that, after a design in terms of LPs is converted into a design in terms of fibre angles, there are two possible ways to arrive at a variable stiffness laminate design: laminate blending or fibre steering. In this thesis a flexible computational tool set is presented that was developed to be used to convert a variable stiffness composite design, given in terms of lamination parameters, into an optimal variable stiffness laminate or blended composite lay-up design.
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 and CCR2 Interactions Are Required for IFN-α/β-Induced Inflammatory Responses and Antiviral Defense in Liver (2005)

IFN-alpha/beta-mediated functions promote production of MIP-1alpha (or CCL3) by mediating the recruitment of MIP-1alpha-producing macrophages to the liver during early infection with murine CMV. These responses are essential for induction of NK cell inflammation and IFN-gamma delivery to support effective control of local infection. Nevertheless, it remains to be established if additional chemokine functions are regulated by IFN-alpha/beta and/or play intermediary roles in supporting macrophage trafficking. The chemokine MCP-1 (or CCL2) plays a distinctive role in the recruitment of macrophages by predominantly stimulating the CCR2 chemokine receptor. Here, we examine the roles of MCP-1 and CCR2 during murine CMV infection in liver. MCP-1 production preceded that of MIP-1alpha during infection and was dependent on IFN-alpha/beta effects for induction. Resident F4/80(+) liver leukocytes were identified as primary IFN-alpha/beta responders and major producers of MCP-1. Moreover, MCP-1 deficiency was associated with a dramatic reduction in the accumulation of macrophages and NK cells, as well as decreased production of MIP-1alpha and IFN-gamma in liver. These responses were also markedly impaired in mice with a targeted disruption of CCR2. Furthermore, MCP-1- and CCR2-deficient mice exhibited increased viral titers and elevated expression of the liver enzyme alanine aminotransferase in serum. These mice also had widespread virus-induced liver pathology and succumbed to infection. Collectively, these results establish MCP-1 and CCR2 interactions as factors promoting early liver inflammatory responses and define a mechanism for innate cytokines in regulation of chemokine functions critical for effective localized antiviral defenses.
Performance metrics for word sense disambiguation (2003)

This paper presents the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve as an alternative metric for evaluating word sense disambiguation performance. The current metrics – accuracy, precision and recall – while suitable for two-way classification, are shown to be inadequate when disambiguating between three or more senses. Specifically, these measures do not facilitate comparison with baseline performance nor are they sensitive to non-uniform misclassification costs. Both of these issues can be addressed using ROC analysis. 1
Indwelling Peritoneal (Tenckhoff) Dialysis Catheter (1972)

The temporary Tenckhoff catheter has been utilized for intermittent peritoneal dialysis in 24 patients for periods from 1 to 14 months. Control of uremia has been comparable to our past experience with the repeated trocar puncture method. Although infection remains the most significant problem, it is avoidable by strict attention to sterile dialysis procedure and careful education of the patients concerning the daily care of their catheter and appreciation of its importance. The risk of infection under these circumstances is comparable to that of external arteriovenous shunts in hemodialysis. Our experience with the temporary Tenckhoff catheter warrants the conclusion that this catheter can be safely utilized and that peritoneal dialysis is an acceptable alternative or adjunct to hemodialysis.