gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Application of Stable Isotope Labelled Drugs in Clinical Pharmacokinetic Study (2000)

The application of stable isotope tracer technique has rapidly increased in clinical pharmacokinetic studies over the past two decades. The stable isotope labelled (SIL) and labelled drugs in biological samples were measured by GC-MS or LC-MS and higher specificity or sensitivity can be obtained. The major applications of SIL drugs are as analytical internal standard' and as 'biological internal standards'. The latter use is accomplished by administering the SIL drug to man. In this review some knowledge about SIL drugs were introduced and the principle and methods of using SIL tracer technique in bioavailability, bioequivalence, drug absorption, ding disposition and drug interaction studies were concluded. The major advantages of using stable isotope labelled drug are' (a) that intrasubject variability in drug disposition are minimized; (b) a small number of subjects are required; (c) reliability of pharmacokinetic data is increased by substituting administration only once for 2 occasions. However, some reasons limit the use of this methodology.
Immune Responses to Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells (2009)

The demonstrated capacity and potential of pluripotent stem cells to repair the damaged tissues holds great promise in development of novel cell replacement therapeutics for treating various chronic and degenerative diseases. However, previous reports show that stem cell therapy, in autologous and allogeneic settings, triggers immune responses to stem cells as shown by lymphocyte infiltration and inflammation. Therefore, an important issue to be addressed is how the host immune system responds to engrafted autologous stem cells or allogenous stem cells. In this chapter, we summarize progress in several related topics in this field, including some of our data, in five sections: (1) mechanisms regarding the immunogenicity of stem cells; (2) methods to inhibit immune rejection to allogeneic stem cells; (3) immune responses to cancer (tumor) stem cells; (4) role of CD4+CD25high Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in regulating anti-stem cell immune reactions; and (5) role of mesenchymal stem cells in regulating anti-stem cell immune responses. Improvement of our understanding on these aspects of immune system-stem cell interaction would definitely facilitate development of stem cell-based therapeutics for regenerative purposes.
A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Kangaroo Mother Care: Results of Follow-Up at 1 Year of Corrected Age (2001)

These results support earlier findings of the beneficial effects of KMC on mortality and growth. Use of this technique would humanize the practice of neonatology, promote breastfeeding, and shorten the neonatal hospital stay without compromising survival, growth, or development.
Antioxidantes do extrato aquoso da canela (Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Blume) como inibidores do virus influenza (1999)

Campylobacteriosis is the most common bacterial foodborne illness in the United States and is frequently associated with foods of animal origin. The goals of this study were to compare clinical and non-clinical <i>Campylobacter</i> populations from Tennessee (TN) and Pennsylvania (PA), use phylogenetic relatedness to assess source attribution patterns, and identify potential outbreak clusters. <i>Campylobacter</i> isolates studied (<i>n</i> = 3080) included TN clinical isolates collected and sequenced for routine surveillance, PA clinical isolates collected from patients at the University of Pennsylvania Health System facilities, and non-clinical isolates from both states for which sequencing reads were available on NCBI. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted to categorize isolates into species groups and determine the population structure of each species. Most isolates were <i>C. jejuni</i> (<i>n</i> = 2132, 69.2%) and <i>C. coli</i> (<i>n</i> = 921, 29.9%), while the remaining were <i>C. lari</i> (0.4%), <i>C. upsaliensis</i> (0.3%), and <i>C. fetus</i> (0.1%). The <i>C. jejuni</i> group consisted of three clades; most non-clinical isolates were of poultry (62.7%) or cattle (35.8%) origin, and 59.7 and 16.5% of clinical isolates were in subclades associated with poultry or cattle, respectively. The <i>C. coli</i> isolates grouped into two clades; most non-clinical isolates were from poultry (61.2%) or swine (29.0%) sources, and 74.5, 9.2, and 6.1% of clinical isolates were in subclades associated with poultry, cattle, or swine, respectively. Based on genomic similarity, we identified 42 <i>C. jejuni</i> and one <i>C. coli</i> potential outbreak clusters. The <i>C. jejuni</i> clusters contained 188 clinical isolates, 19.6% of the total <i>C. jejuni</i> clinical isolates, suggesting that a larger proportion of campylobacteriosis may be associated with outbreaks than previously determined.
Resource Management in Fog/Edge Computing: A Survey on Architectures, Infrastructure, and Algorithms (2019)

Contrary to using distant and centralized cloud data center resources, employing decentralized resources at the edge of a network for processing data closer to user devices, such as smartphones and tablets, is an upcoming computing paradigm, referred to as fog/edge computing. Fog/edge resources are typically resource-constrained, heterogeneous, and dynamic compared to the cloud, thereby making resource management an important challenge that needs to be addressed. This article reviews publications as early as 1991, with 85% of the publications between 2013 and 2018, to identify and classify the architectures, infrastructure, and underlying algorithms for managing resources in fog/edge computing.
Guinea pig auditory nerve response triggered by a high density electrode array. (1997)

The electrically evoked potential in the auditory nerve is measured when the cochlear is stimulated with a high density electrode array whose microcontacts (20 x 160 microns) are placed close to the nerve cells. Threshold range from 8 to 35 microA with the stimulating electrodes near the spiral ganglion cells. A multi-pole technique for restricting the spread of current with electrical stimulation of the cochlea is tested using neural recording in deafened guinea pigs. The ground based quadrupolar electrode driving configuration has thresholds for neural activation only slightly greater than monopolar stimulation when the electrode contacts are placed less than 50 microns from the neurons. During simultaneous stimulation the monopole and the ground based quadrupolar modes tend to generate similar growth functions (magnitude and latency). The electrode interactions are generally factorial, which means that the algebraic sum of the responses (magnitude growth functions) produced by 2 distinct electrodes is less than when the same 2 electrodes are stimulated simultaneously.
Confusion and hypnotics in demented patients. (1982)

Eleven elderly confused patients were given a single dose of chlormethiazole, temazepam and placebo on separate nights with-in a 10-day period. There was no statistically significant difference between the three treatments the next morning in any of the tests, which included subjective and objective measures of mental ability, orientation and hangover effect. These results mirror those previously found in normal, healthy, elderly patients, and do not therefore support the contention that hypnotics increase confusion in demented patients, or that such patients are more sensitive to their actions. Indeed, plasma drug concentrations were on average twice as high in demented as in normal elderly subjects, thus raising the possibility of decreased sensitivity in the demented group. There was little correlation between plasma concentration and pharmacological effect.
THE MEXT 21 ST CENTURY COE PROGRAM BASED ON PORTABLE SYNCROTRONS NAMED MIRRORCLE (2003)

The Synchrotron Light Life Science Centre of Ritsumeikan University seeks the next generation life science beyond genomics and proteomics by the unique portable synchrotrons named MIRROCLE. MIRRORCLE-6X generates brilliant hard x-rays in spite of its 6-MeV electron energy. The power of IR/FIR beam from MIRRORCLE-20 is much higher than any synchrotrons by its unique mirror system introduced to collect the synchrotron light from whole arc of the electron orbit. Unique applications are also described OWERVIEW OF THE COE PROGRAM
Variable optical activation of human cone photoreceptors visualized using a short coherence light source (2009)

It has been shown that after a visible stimulus, optical oscillations of nearly all cone photoreceptors can be observed using long coherence length light and in a few cones using short coherence length light. Here, we show that after exposure to a visible stimulus, a short coherence length imaging source reveals light-evoked oscillation signals in a large number of cones. More than 80% of cones in a given retinal area are activated (modulation in the reflectance signal) after stimulation, and the pattern of their activation can be subjectively classified into one of four categories. The application of light-evoked signal detection techniques for in vivo retinal imaging may prove useful for assessing the functional status of cones in normal and diseased retinae.
Pattern theory: the stochastic analysis of real-world signals (2010)

0. What is pattern theory? -- 1. English text and Markov chains -- 2. Music and piecewise Gaussian models -- 3. Character recognition and syntactic grouping -- 4. Image texture, segmentation and Gibbs models -- 5. Faces and flexible templates -- 6. Natural scenes and their multiscale analysis.
§ 117 - The Right to Adapt into the Fourth Generation and the Source Code Generator's Dilemma, 12 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 537 (1994) (1994)

Section 117, of The Copyright Act of 1976, which regulates the copying of a computer software program by an authorized or registered user, serves as an exception or defense to an allegation of software infringement. This exception is grounded in the concept that an individual who lawfully purchases a computer software program should have the right to copy that program to some extent. However, courts have not developed a uniform approach to analyzing Section 117. This paper offers a union of tests used individually by courts to resolve this problem of legal inconsistency. The courts have developed a three-step approach in determining if there has been an infringement by copying a non-literal element of a copyrightable program or if Section 117 applies. The first step is to apply the abstract test. Under this analysis, the court examines the software code and articulates the function of the program. The second step is to apply the filtration test, which requires the court to determine whether or not the inclusion was an idea and whether or not it is protectable. If the inclusion is incidental or required by external factors, then it becomes unprotectable. In addition, the court must decide whether the program element originated in the public domain, since it is generally accepted that ideas or elements within the public sphere are not protectable. The final step in the analysis is to apply the substantial similarity test. This test requires the court to compare the alleged infringing program with the protected program and look for similarities. The key inquiry is whether the allegedly infringing program is a copy of any aspect of the protected program. This test, however, merely serves as a guideline, since no court has directly addressed Section 117. A strict application of the statute leads to an inquiry as to what copies were made, of what kind and in what context. On the other hand, under a less stringent interpretation, the inquiry will examine the effect that the copying of the program has on the licensor. Either interpretation, however, is speculation and Section 117 cannot be used as a source of advice until the court addresses it.
Immunotherapy approaches targeting regulatory T-cells. (2012)

The immune system prevents establishment and progression of cancer through innate and adaptive surveillance. However, some cancerous cells successfully evade the immune system. Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) facilitate such evasion. Tregs may be the factor responsible for the limited success of human tumor immunotherapy to date. To improve immunotherapy, it is thought that the number of Tregs and their functions should be inhibited in patients with advanced cancer. In this review, we focus on recent immunotherapy efforts targeting Tregs.
Document Structure (2003)

We argue the case for abstract document structure as a separate descriptive level in the analysis and generation of written texts. The purpose of this representation is to mediate between the message of a text (i.e., its discourse structure) and its physical presentation (i.e., its organization into graphical constituents like sections, paragraphs, sentences, bulleted lists, figures, and footnotes). Abstract document structure can be seen as an extension of Nunberg's “text-grammar” it is also closely related to “logical” markup in languages like HTML and LaTEX. We show that by using this intermediate representation, several subtasks in language generation and language understanding can be defined more cleanly.
Demineralized bone-matrix-induced osteogenesis. (1984)

A review of the literature on bone formation induced by demineralized bone and dentin indicates that: there is considerable interest in the biology and applied science of osteoinduction; the technology has been developed, but it varies in detail from one laboratory to another because of specific and individual objectives; and the accumulated evidence supports the concept of cartilage and bone cell differentiation induced by a unique bone morphogenetic protein (BMP).
Triterpene saponins from the leaves of<i>Ilex kudingcha</i> (2009)

Three new triterpene saponins, ilekudinosides T-V (1-3), along with six known saponins were isolated from the 70% ethanolic extract of the leaves of Ilex kudingcha. The new saponins were characterized as 3-O-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)-[alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)]-alpha-l-arabinopyranosyl-3beta,19alpha-dihydroxy-urs-12(13)-en-28,20beta-lactone (1), 3-O-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)-[alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)]-alpha-l-arabinopyranosyl-3beta,19alpha-dihydroxy-12-ethoxy-urs-13(18)-ene-28,20beta-lactone (2), 3-O-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)-[alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)]-alpha-l-arabinopyranosyl-3beta,19alpha-dihydroxy-11-oxo-urs-13(18)-ene-28,20beta-lactone (3), respectively. The structures of compounds 1-3 were elucidated on the basis of the chemical and spectroscopic evidence, and the structures of known compounds were identified by comparison of their spectroscopic data with those reported in the literature.
Nutrition and gastric cancer risk: an update (2008)

Data from epidemiologic, experimental, and animal studies indicate that diet plays an important role in the etiology of gastric cancer. High intake of fresh fruits and vegetables, lycopene and lycopene-containing food products, and potentially vitamin C and selenium may reduce the risk for gastric cancer. Data also suggest that high intake of nitrosamines, processed meat products, salt and salted foods, and overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk for gastric cancer. However, current data provide little support for an association of beta-carotene, vitamin E, and alcohol consumption with risk for gastric cancer.
Using pervasive games as learning tools in educational contexts: a systematic review (2018)

Technology is now a vital part of our society and with such a significant impact on the educational system, information and communication technologies (ICT) cannot be dissociated from the educational process (Ramos and de Andrade, 2016). While the implementation of digital technologies in society and more specifically among young people represents a challenge for teachers, it might also provide the opportunity to improve academic performance. In this context, pervasive games have established a new trend and present a new way for people to interact with each other in a real environment by means of virtual worlds and the elements they bring to the table. Students are therefore able to enjoy a learning process with fun graphics on their mobile devices, as well as stories or other features common to pervasive games. In this paper, we focus our attention on the results of pervasive learning games, results which we had previously obtained from a systematic literature review (Arango-López et al., 2017a), as well as from a review of specific literature to identify different research projects for improving the learning process.
A detailed test method for measuring radiated spurious emissions by signal substitution and the effect of relevant source parameters (2003)

This paper proposes a detailed test procedure for measurement of radiated spurious emissions (from a 3G Wireless Base Station) in a semi-anechoic chamber by means of 'signal substitution'. The proposed method may be adopted suitably for meeting the requirements of the FCC Rules Part 22 and 24 radiated spurious emissions requirements for licensed transmitters. This paper also quantifies the effect of relevant source parameters. Finally, the expanded measurement uncertainty for the test is estimated using a 'Type B' analysis.
Title VII and Title IX: A 30,000 Foot View (2015)

My name is Cari Stern and I teach sports law at The John Marshall Law School.I am excited to talk to you about one of, perhaps, the most overlooked aspects of sports law
BRCA1 16 years later: DNA damage‐induced BRCA1 shuttling (2010)

The tumor suppressor, breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1), plays an integral role in the maintenance of genome stability and, in particular, the cellular response to DNA damage. Here, the emerging role of BRCA1 in nonhomologous end-joining-mediated DNA repair following DNA damage will be reviewed, as well as the activation of apoptotic pathways. The control of these functions via DNA damage-induced BRCA1 shuttling will also be discussed, in particular BRCA1 shuttling induced by erlotinib and irradiation. Finally, the potential targeting of BRCA1 shuttling as a novel strategy to sensitize cells to DNA damage will be entertained.
Effect of GABA and baclofen on gastric mucosal protective factors. (1998)

GABA and baclofen (BAC), a GABA-mimetic agent, were investigated for antiulcerogenic activity. Orally administered GABA (100 mg/kg) and BAC (10 mg/kg) showed significant ulcer protection when given either alone for one day or for 4 days, or when given together with aspirin (ASP; 200 mg/kg x 3 days) in their 4 days treatment time in pylorus-ligated rats. Both the drugs showed a tendency to increase acid and decrease peptic output, and increased gastric mucus secretion in terms of total carbohydrate to protein ratio (TC:P) in both the above treatment groups. ASP tended to decrease acid and increase peptic output and significantly decreased TC:P ratio. Both GABA and BAC tended to reverse aspirin-induced effects, though they had little per se effect on TC:P ratio of gastric mucosal glycoproteins except an increase in sialic acid content both after one day or four days treatment. No, per se, effect on cell shedding (DNA and protein content of gastric juice) or cell proliferation (DNA/mg protein) was noted with GABA or BAC but the enhanced cell shedding induced by ASP was attenuated by them. ASP was found to enhance cell proliferation. However, neither of drug showed any effect on cell proliferation when given either alone or in combination with ASP. The antiulcerogenic effect of GABA and BAC may be due to their predominant effects on mucosal defensive factors like enhanced mucin secretion and decreased cell shedding or mucosal damage.
A novel algorithm for enhancing accuracy of indoor position estimation (2014)

In this paper, we propose an algorithm called SVM-WKNN for precisely indoor positioning, which can be applied to intelligent robot and wireless sensor network to achieve great performance. The key issue of indoor positioning is how to use the instable wireless network and nonlinear wireless signal strengths to accurately locate the position of a person or object. However, the traditional linear methods, such as calculating the signal distance, are failed in dealing with this problem. So we introduced the SVM which shows a great advantage in solving the nonlinear problem to achieve the precisely indoor positioning. Because the stronger relevance between the real time measurements and the records in signal database, the more classification votes one position that related to the record may get. In most instances, the measurements are not measured right in a reference point, but in a small region surrounded by several points. In this case, although the SVM achieves a great improvement when compared with the linear methods, defects still exist in this one-time decision strategy. Thus we use a Weighted K-Nearest Neighbor (WKNN) algorithm to do the further classification and build the combined algorithm SVM-WKNN to smooth the data and improve the performance. Experiments show that the proposed SVM-WKNN algorithm can achieve an excellent positioning accuracy and outperform the case that SVM used alone.
A short review (1978)

For many years most capitalist-oriented observers of China's economic process emphasized its “irrationality.” We were told that over-emphasis on mass mobilization, and political and ideological goals created serious costs for the economic sector which should have an effect on specialization, technical expertise, gradualness for the sake of societal stability, etc. If any proof was needed of this position we were directed to the “dislocations” of the Cultural Revolution and especially the Great Leap Forward.
Homogeneous Precipitation of Aluminum 8-Quinolate (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHomogeneous Precipitation of Aluminum 8-QuinolateL. C. Howick and W. W. TriggCite this: Anal. Chem. 1961, 33, 2, 302–303Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60170a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60170a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views41Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sleep Attacks--Apparent Relationship to Atlantoaxial Dislocation (1975)

Sleep attacks, while being characteristic of narcolepsy, have been reported in several metabolic and central nervous system disorders--most of which are refractory to treatment. We have recently treated a 47-year-old man with disabling sleep attacks who was found to have atlantoaxial dislocation. Despite narrowing of the sagittal cervical canal diameter to 12 mm (behind the dens), symptoms of spinal cord compression were mild and intermittent, while signs were absent. Posterior fusion of the C-1 and C-2 vertebrae resulted in relief of symptoms. We suggest that this sleep disorder was a function of impaired efferent control of respiration.