gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Brucella abortus RB51 vaccine: Testing its Spectrum of Protective and Curative Characteristics (2004)

Brucella abortus (BA) are gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacteria that cause abortions in cattle and debilitating illness in humans. The US is now virtually free of bovine brucellosis, but the disease is endemic in wildlife. The official brucellosis vaccine in the US is strain RB51 (RB51). It elicits protective cell-mediated immunity (CMI) against BA infections. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes paratuberculosis in ruminants. It is a slow growing intracellular parasite that requires CMI for its control, belongs to the genus Mycobacterium, and is closely related to M. avium avium (MA). Using RB51 as a vector that induces strong protective CMI may be useful to protect against MAP if it expresses MAP protective antigens. Therefore, MAP 85A and 35kDa proteins were expressed at low levels in RB51, and the immune responses elicited by these vaccines in BALB/c mice were evaluated. Strong anti-Brucella immunity was generated, but the anti-mycobacterial response was low. To evaluate protective efficacy, a BALB/c model using MA was developed. When mice were challenged with MA, protection was obtained in some experiments but was inconsistent. This may be due to the low expression of MAP antigens in RB51. Another objective was to evaluate the effect of an ongoing Brucella-infection on the efficacy of RB51 vaccination, and whether vaccination of already infected animals could have a curative effect. Mice acutely or chronically infected with virulent BA, rapidly cleared the RB51 vaccine organisms, but there was no significant decrease in the number of virulent BA.
1924 (1996)

<div class="abstract" data-abstract-type="normal"> For someone who traveled as long and far as Ernest Hemingway did, it is little wonder that his luggage - a trunk stored in the family attic, a valise stolen at a railway station, another trunk left for decades at a hotel - might become metaphors for his life; and it is less wonder that their contents, known or suspected, would be curiously examined at the borders of Hemingway criticism. I will inspect two of them here: the trunk holding boxes of early papers stored in Oak Park just before Ernest and Hadley sailed for Paris in December 1921, and the valise of manuscripts stolen from Hadley at the Gare de Lyon as she was on her way to join Ernest in Lausanne in December 1922. The first set of Chicago manuscripts was returned to Hemingway by several editors of popular magazines as not worth publishing; and the second set, not worth stealing, was probably dropped into a Paris sewer by a disgruntled thief. By 1924 both the rejection of the first and the theft of the second variously informed the composition of <span class='italic'>In Our Time</span>, and those erstwhile losses became early instances of Hemingway's long-standing luck. </div>
Effect of dominant follicle persistence on follicular fluid oestradiol and inhibin and on oocyte maturation in heifers (1999)

The aim of the present study was to characterize in detail the cytoplasmic and nuclear morphology of cattle oocytes recovered from follicles that are dominant for more than 9 days (with low fertility after ovulation), and to relate morphological changes to intrafollicular markers of follicle health. Beef heifers received prostaglandin F2 alpha and a synthetic progestagen (3 mg Norgestomet) for 2 or 10 days on the first day of dominance of the second dominant follicle (DF2) of the oestrous cycle, to give a 4 day (n = 19; N2) or 12 day (n = 21; N10) duration of dominance of the dominant follicle at ovariectomy 18 h after implant removal and before the predicted gonadotrophin surge. Ultrasound scanning determined emergence of a new wave of follicles in five N10 heifers the day before (n = 1) or day of ovariectomy (n = 4) (N10-NonDom). Dominant follicles from the remaining N10 heifers (N10-Dom) were larger (P < 0.05) on the day of ovariectomy (17.8 +/- 0.6 mm) than those from N2 heifers (13.6 +/- 0.4 mm). The oestradiol:progesterone ratio of follicular fluid from N10-Dom heifers was reduced (21.7 +/- 3.1 versus 34.1 +/- 4.4; P < 0.05), while inhibin A (as measured by immunoradiometric assay) was increased (12.7 +/- 1.0 versus 9.0 +/- 0.7 micrograms ml-1; P < 0.05) compared with N2 heifers. Eleven of twelve N2 oocytes demonstrated nuclear activation without germinal vesicle breakdown, while seven of eight N10-Dom oocytes had undergone germinal vesicle breakdown and had progressed to metaphase I (6/8) or II (1/8). In contrast to N2 oocytes, N10-Dom oocytes showed a larger perivitelline space containing more cumulus cell process endings, vacuoles, irregular vesicles, and more mitochrondia and lipid droplets throughout the ooplasm, yet the degree of cumulus cell expansion and atresia was similar. Thus, final oocyte maturation leading to metaphase I is initiated in most dominant follicles with a dominance period of > 9 days before the gonadotrophin surge and is associated with a reduction in dominant follicle health. However, ovulatory ability is maintained and will lead to the ovulation of aged oocytes, markedly reducing subsequent pregnancy rates.
The socio-economic impacts - gold mining : commodity : gold (2015)

Despite the industry's scale, the socio-economic impacts of the gold mining industry are not well understood. However, a research study undertaken for the World Gold Council, by Maxwell Stamp, sheds light on the issue.
Ar Soner: Revue mensuelle bilingue de “Bodadeg Ar Sonerion,” No. 2. (Carhaix, Finisterre, June, 1949.) (1950)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Space–Time Coding for Multiuser Ultra-Wideband Communications (2006)

In this paper, we present the construction of full-rate, fully diverse, and totally real space–time (ST) codes for ultra-wideband (UWB) transmissions. In particular, we construct two families of codes adapted to real carrierless UWB communications that employ pulse position modulation, pulse amplitude modulation, or a combination of the two. The first family encodes adjacent symbols and is constructed from totally real cyclic division algebras. The second family encodes the pulses used to convey one information symbol, and permits achieving high performance levels with reduced complexity. The first family of codes achieves only a fraction of the coding gain of the second one. Moreover, these coding gains are independent from the size of the transmitted constellation. For time-hopping multiple-access channels, the amplitude spreading code associated with the second family of codes is taken to be user-specific. In this case, a simple design criterion is proposed, and spreading matrices constructed according to this criterion permit reducing the level of multiple-access interference (MAI). Performance over realistic indoor UWB channels verify the theoretical claims, and show high performance levels and better immunity against MAI.
The Up-and-Down Method for Small Samples (1965)

Abstract A modified up-and-down method for sensitivity testing (all-or-none assays) is presented with maximum likelihood estimates of LD50 tabulated for all sample sequences for nominal sample size N ≤ 6. Approximate estimates for larger sample sizes are given. The design uses sequentially determined test levels and sequentially determined sample sizes. The estimates have mean square error approximately independent of the chosen starting level of the test sequence and the spacing between test levels. The actual sample size rarely exceeds the nominal sample size by more than two for moderately well chosen starting levels. Examples of the use of the method are given for two analyses of variance designs.
Role of Manganese in the Oxidation of Arsenite by Freshwater Lake Sediments (1981)

Abstract The importance of various sediment components in the oxidation of As(III) (arsenite) to As(V) (arsenate) by freshwater lake sediments in southern Saskatchewan was examined. Treating the sediments with hydroxylamine hydrochloride or sodium acetate to remove Mn greatly decreased the oxidation of As(III). Furthermore, synthetic Mn(IV) oxide was a very effective oxidant with respect to As(III): 216 µ g As(V)/ml was formed in solution when 1000 µ g As(III)/ml was added to suspensions of 0.1 g of the oxide. These results indicate that Mn in the sediment was probably the primary electron acceptor in the oxidation of As(III). The conversion of As(III) to As(V) by naturally occurring carbonate and silicate minerals common in sediments was not evident in the system studied. Sediment particles >20 µ m in size are the least effective in oxidizing As(III); the oxidizing ability of the 5–20-, 2–5-, and <2- µ m particle size fractions varies depending on the sediment. The concentration of As(V) in equilibrated solutions after adding increasing amounts of As(III) (as much as 100 µ g/ml) to 1 g of the three sediments ranged from approximately 3.5 to 19 µ g/ml. Because As(III) is more toxic and soluble than As(V), Mn-bearing components of both the colloidal and non-colloidal fractions of the sediments may potentially detoxify any As(III) that may enter aquatic environments by converting it to As(V). This is very important in reducing the As contamination and in maintaining the ecological balance in aquatic environments.
Blood conservation with tranexamic acid in total hip arthroplasty: A randomized, double-blind study in 40 primary operations (2001)

We performed a randomized, double-blind study on the effect of tranexamic acid on blood loss and blood transfusions in 40 primary total hip arthroplasties. Tranexamic acid, 10 mg/kg body weight, or placebo, was given intravenously just before the operation. Blood loss during the operation and postoperatively into the drains was recorded, as also were blood hemoglobin concentrations. Ultrasound examination 1 week postoperatively was done to estimate the blood loss due to remaining hematomas. Total (operation + drain) blood loss was 0.76 (95 CI 0.63-0.89) L in the tranexamic acid group as compared to 1.0 (CI 0.81-1.2) L in the placebo group (p = 0.03). The number of blood transfusions during the day of operation was 2 vs. 10 (p = 0.07) and the total number during the hospital stay was 5 vs. 13 (p = 0.2). 1 patient in each group had a pulmonary embolism.
Compare two methods of measuring DNA damage induced by photogenotoxicity of fluoroquinolones. (2004)

There were good correlations between the two methods to detect DNA damage induced by phototoxicity of fluoroquinolones. Photodynamic DNA strand breaking activity was a good method to detect DNA damage induced by photogenotoxicity of fluoroquinolones as well as comet assay.
Interrupt Costs in Embedded System with Short Latency Hardware Accelerators (2008)

The current trend for handheld device is to provide the users various embedded multimedia applications. These new applications constrain architecture developers to embed dedicated hardware accelerators in order to meet the application timing requirements. However the use of dedicated monolithic hardware accelerators is onerous to achieve due to physical and economical constraints. When the multimedia applications share common functionalities, monolithic hardware accelerators could be split into smaller accelerators in order to cut down redundancy in hardware implemented functionalities and save silicon area. Nevertheless lowering the granularity of accelerator will increase synchronization calls between the main processor and the accelerators. This paper presents a methodology for analyzing the impact of short latency hardware accelerators on a typical embedded system. We show that hardware accelerator granularity has a direct effect on the system performance in terms of cache misses, execution time and thus energy consumption.
Leakage Suppression of Low Voltage Transient Voltage Suppressor (2007)

In this work, both the blanket implanted and LOCOS diodes have obvious effect on reducing the electric field at junction edge. The leakage at low biased voltage is lowered. The LOCOS diode further enhances sharpness of I-V characteristics. Besides, no extra lithography process is needed for the process of the LOCOS diodes. The LOCOS diodes would be a simple, low cost, and effective method for improving the performance of low voltage transient suppressor
Minimum length of a sequence-specific DNA binding peptide (1992)

NMR experiments show that a stable complex can be formed between a 14-base-pair oligonucleotide and a disulfide-bonded dimer of a peptide containing 27 residues of the basic region of the yeast transcriptional activator GCN4; the complex is in slow exchange on the NMR time scale. In contrast, a nonspecific complex is in fast exchange on the NMR time scale. DNase I footprinting experiments show that dimers of peptides containing as few as 20 residues of GCN4 bind DNA with sequence specificity similar to that of the intact protein. Circular dichroism experiments suggest that specific binding involves only 15 residues, corresponding to residues 231-245 of GCN4, in an alpha-helical conformation. These results limit substantially the region of GCN4 involved in sequence-specific DNA contacts and provide a uniquely simple model for studying protein-DNA interactions in detail.
New developments in subsurface safety valve technology (1980)

Since the US Geological Survey's revised Order No. 5 became effective on January 1, 1980, more wells will be able to use tubing-retrievable, surface-controlled subsurface safety valves (SCSSV's). In addition to extending the law's coverage (originally just for the Gulf of Mexico) to federal waters off the Atlantic, the Pacific, and the Gulf of Alaska, the new law eliminates the 4000-psi pressure limitation, permitting the use of the 5000 and 6000-psi tubing-retrievable SCSSV's now available. It also requires that all such valves conform to ANSI/ASME SPPE-1 quality-assurance standards and to the technical requirements of API Spec. 14A, which identifies three classes of valve service: (1) standard, (2) sandy, and (3) stress-corrosion-cracking, which is divided into classes 35 for sulfide stress and 3C for chloride stress. A well's location and operating conditions may dictate the use of high-strength or corsosion-resistant valve materials; the order's requirement for a valve to be at least 98 ft below the ocean floor may necessitate up to 500 ft of control line from the wellhead. Dimensional constraints such as diametrical clearance between the valve and the casing may call for a smaller tubing size than initially planned.
Multiresolution object detection and segmentation using top-down algorithms (1989)

Multiresolution approaches to image segmentation are being investigated widely as potential platforms on which to perform real-time operations on video sequences. A pyramid is a massively parallel computational platform on which variable resolution representations of an underlying image are used to obtain a segmentation. The paper is concerned with the use of computationally efficient hierarchical techniques for object detection and segmentation, and describes several such algorithms which exploit the pyramid structure using vertical interactions between levels. The algorithms use top-down approaches to achieve good performance at a lower cost relative to iterative techniques. The algorithms are discussed and their performance on both synthetic images and real infrared images is compared in terms of segmentation quality and computational cost. Results using iterative linking procedures are also presented, and are compared with the present algorithms in terms of cost and performance. The segmentation performance of the top-down algorithms is shown to be comparable to that of the more computationally expensive iterative algorithms.
Security Engineering: A Guide to Building Dependable Distributed Systems (2001)

The world has changed radically since the first edition of this book was published in 2001. Spammers, virus writers, phishermen, money launderers, and spies now trade busily with each other in a lively online criminal economy and as they specialize, they get better. In this indispensable, fully updated guide, Ross Anderson reveals how to build systems that stay dependable whether faced with error or malice. Here?s straight talk on critical topics such as technical engineering basics, types of attack, specialized protection mechanisms, security psychology, policy, and more.
Complications After Prostate Biopsy: Data From SEER-Medicare (2011)

The risk of hospitalization within 30 days of prostate biopsy was significantly higher than in a control population. Infectious complications after prostate biopsy have increased in recent years while the rate of serious noninfectious complications is relatively stable. Careful patient selection for prostate biopsy is essential to minimize the potential harms.
Bereavement Services Development in a Rural Setting (1996)

Functioning as a hospital-based hospice program of a large medical center, bereavement services are not limited to hospice families in one location. Bereavement services are offered to those who died within the medical center and to the residents of the three county area the hospice serves. This paper identifies ways to offer bereavement follow-up to hospice and non-hospice families. This will include discussion of mixing together survivors of different types of death in a support group atmosphere. Due to the smaller population of a rural setting, the need to be creative to offer bereavement services to the community is imperative. This paper will discuss how our Bereavement Services have expanded in response to the needs of the communities in the three county area we serve. We will discuss survey results, meeting and support group data used to generate supporting information to allow our services to grow. Learning objectives for this article consist of readers being able to identify ways to develop and expand bereavement services; incorporating various types of death in a support group setting; and ways to better serve non-hospice families in need of bereavement follow-up. Topics include a description of Bereavement Services; Pre-Death Bereavement Intervention; Open and Closed Support groups; Routine Bereavement Follow-up of Hospice families; Quarterly Nursing Home Staff Support groups; Widow/Widower Brunch Social; opportunities to educate the community about Death/Dying; and data collection for Bereavement Needs.
Сверхминиатюрные токовихревые преобразователи для исследования переходов металл–диэлектрик (2014)

На основе вихретокового преобразователя (в.т.п.) трансформаторного типа разработан датчик, позволяющий исследовать структуры типа металлдиэлектрикметалл. Приведена структурная схема датчика и указаны основные технические сведения (число обмоток 10130 витков, значение начальной магнитной проницаемости сердечника = 500). Рассмотрена схема использования компьютера в качестве генератора и приемника сигналов с обмоток. Описана методика измерений, позволяющая с высокой точностью проводить контроль дефектов в слоистых композитах. Преобразователь тестировался на слоистой структуре, состоящей из слоев бумаги и алюминия толщиной по 100 мкм, в которую помещался модельный дефект. Приведены зависимости сигнала в.т.п. от дефекта в данной структуре.
Cortical and subcortical JC virus infection: two unusual cases of AIDS associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. (1994)

Two patients with AIDS and progressive neurological syndromes had necropsies that identified JC virus infection of the cerebral or cerebellar cortex. The unusual presentation of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with grey matter involvement and normal cerebral imaging is discussed.
Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation for the treatment of cluster headache: a case series (2013)

Cluster headache is a highly disabling primary headache syndrome. A need exists for a novel, safe and practical approach to add to the current therapeutic armamentarium.

We assessed the usefulness of a new non-invasive, portable vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) device, the GammaCore, which has been developed for the treatment of headache.
God, medicine and ethics. (2001)

Patients who come into an intensive care unit should be treated in their ethical, cultural and religious context; their wishes should be ascertained and respected. Intensivists, in determining whether patients will or will not survive, do not always get it right. It is in the best interests of society to accept that intensivists will not always get a correct answer. It is also in the best interests of society to acknowledge that intensivists are committed to do the best for their patients in consultation with their families, as they do now. (non-author abstract)
Designing a New Class of Computational Toys (2000)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2000.
Photoregulation of the Composition, Function, and Structure of Thylakoid Membranes (1986)

Crop loss due to soil salinization is an increasing threat to agriculture worldwide. This review provides an overview of cellular and physiological mechanisms in plant responses to salt. We place cellular responses in a time- and tissue-dependent context ...Read More
RESTful Web Services Development Checklist (2008)

Sometimes, Representational State Transfer (REST) architectural style proponents describe it as being easy, but this in no way implies that REST is trivial or simplistic, nor does it mean that RESTful systems lack sophistication. REST's relative simplicity comes from the fact that it not only clearly defines its trade-offs and constraints but also distinctly separates concerns, such as resource identification, resource interfaces, and definitions for interchanged data. This delineation makes it relatively easy for developers designing and building RESTful services to consider and track important issues that can profoundly impact system flexibility, scalability, and performance. REST isn't the answer to all distributed computing and integration problems by any stretch of the imagination, but it can yield highly practical solutions to a variety of such problems, not only on the Web but also within the enterprise.
A statistical Lempel-Ziv compression algorithm for personal digital assistant (PDA) (2001)

We present a lossless data compression technique called the statistical Lempel-Ziv (1997, 1978) compression algorithm for personal digital assistants (PDAs). This compression algorithm may be viewed as a variant of the LZ77 and the contribution of this algorithm is to include the statistical properties of the source information while most of the LZ-based compression methods, such as LZ78 and LZW do not take this property into consideration. In addition, a prefix entropy-coding scheme is designed to improve the lookup table time for decoding. These prefix codes are especially suitable for PDAs in certain situations. The decoding of prefix codes works very fast by using simple logical and arithmetic operations.