gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The reaction of NO<sup>+</sup>with some anions of osmium and ruthenium: synthesis and X-ray characterization of [H<sub>3</sub>Os<sub>4</sub>(CO)<sub>12</sub>(µ<sub>2</sub>-NO)] and [HRu<sub>4</sub>N(CO)<sub>11</sub>P(OMe)<sub>3</sub>] (1982)

Reaction of [H3Os4(CO)12]– with NoBF4 in CH2Cl2 gives the nitrosyl cluster [H3Os4(CO)12(µ-NO)] in which the NO ligand has been shown by X-ray analysis to adopt a unique bonding mode bridging the wing-tips of a butterfly arrangement of metal atoms; the analogous reaction of [H3Ru4(CO)12]– with NoBF4 gives instead the nitrido-cluster [HRu4N(CO)12] in low yield, whose formulation has been confirmed by an X-ray analysis of the derivative [Hru4N(CO)11P(OMe)3].
The Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor Dapagliflozin Prevents Renal and Liver Disease in Western Diet Induced Obesity Mice (2018)

Obesity and obesity related kidney and liver disease have become more prevalent over the past few decades, especially in the western world. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a new class of antidiabetic agents with promising effects on cardiovascular and renal function. Given SGLT2 inhibitors exert both anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects by promoting urinary excretion of glucose and subsequent caloric loss, we investigated the effect of the highly selective renal SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in mice with Western diet (WD) induced obesity. Low fat (LF) diet or WD-fed male C57BL/6J mice were treated with dapagliflozin for 26 weeks. Dapagliflozin attenuated the WD-mediated increases in body weight, plasma glucose and plasma triglycerides. Treatment with dapagliflozin prevented podocyte injury, glomerular pathology and renal fibrosis determined by second harmonic generation (SHG), nephrin, synaptopodin, collagen IV, and fibronectin immunofluorescence microscopy. Oil Red O staining showed dapagliflozin also decreased renal lipid accumulation associated with decreased SREBP-1c mRNA abundance. Moreover, renal inflammation and oxidative stress were lower in the dapagliflozin-treated WD-fed mice than in the untreated WD-fed mice. In addition, dapagliflozin decreased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), hepatic lipid accumulation as determined by H&E and Oil Red O staining, and Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) microscopy, and hepatic fibrosis as determined by picrosirius red (PSR) staining and TPE-SHG microscopy in WD-fed mice. Thus, our study demonstrated that the co-administration of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin attenuates renal and liver disease during WD feeding of mice.
Influence of Coulomb and Exchange Interaction on Quantum Dot Magnetoluminescence up to B = 45 T (2000)

The influence of the direct and exchange Coulomb interaction on Landau level formation in strain induced QD has been studied by high-field (45 T) magneto-luminescence measurements and by many-electron many-hole Hartree-Fock calculations. At high magnetic fields the degeneracy of the QD electron and hole ground states is increased as several zero-field eigenstates merge into the lowest Landau level. This leads to removal of the state filling and accordingly in high magnetic field the QD luminescence is emitted from the lowest Landau level. Using a generalization of Koopmans theorem for electron–hole many particle systems, we have studied the enhancement of the direct and exchange Coulomb interaction in squeezed carrier states. The results show that for 6 to 8 electron–hole pairs the direct and exchange interaction both reduce the diamagnetic shift by 15 to 25%.
All Si-based optical interconnect for signal transmission (2001)

Barriers to the industrial implementation of optical interconnects on an IC, center around the fabrication of optical elements on wafers through conventional Si processes. This paper focuses on demonstrating an all Si-based optical interconnect system that can be easily integrated into a conventional Si process. Most other approaches for optical interconnects use emitters that require drastic changes in conventional fabrication process. In this work, we demonstrate the ability to transmit electrical signals using Si-based system i.e. the light was generated by biasing the Si LED at avalanche breakdown voltage, light was coupled through a fiber cable made of SiO/sub 2/ and inserted into a Si based avalanche photo-diode. Results presented demonstrate the switching behavior of Si LED in the GHz range, transmission of signal across the fiber, and measurement of signal limited by the BW of the receiver amplifier.
Synthetic analogues of polynucleotides. Part VII. Further syntheses of 5′-O-acryloylnucleosides and copolymers of these with other acryloyl compounds (1971)

The synthesis of the 5′-O-acryloyl esters of cytidine, guanosine, and adenosine, by the action of acrylic anhydride on suitably protected nucleosides, followed by removal of the protecting groups, is described. These esters have been copolymerised with acrylamide to give water-soluble copolymers. Copolymers of 5′-O-acryloylcytidine with 6-O-acryloylgalactose have also been prepared.
Implementation of Listing's Law for a Tendon Driven Robot Eye (2006)

This paper presents a model for a tendon driven robot eye designed to emulate the actual saccadic and smooth pursuit movements performed by human eyes. Physiological saccadic motions obey the so called Listing's law which constrains the admissible eye's angular velocities. The paper discusses conditions making possible to implement the Listing's law on a purely mechanical basis, i.e. without active control
Intermediate phenotypes and biomarkers of treatment outcome in major depressive disorder (2014)

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a pleomorphic illness originating from gene x environment interactions. Patients with differing symptom phenotypes receive the same diagnosis and similar treatment recommendations without regard to genomics, brain structure or function, or other physiologic or psychosocial factors. Using this present approach, only one third of patients enter remission with the first medication prescribed, and patients may take longer than 1 year to enter remission with repeated trials. Research to improve treatment effectiveness recently has focused on identification of intermediate phenotypes (IPs) that could parse the heterogeneous population of patients with MDD into subgroups with more homogeneous responses to treatment. Such IPs could be used to develop biomarkers that could be applied clinically to match patients with the treatment that would be most likely to lead to remission. Putative biomarkers include genetic polymorphisms, RNA and protein expression (transcriptome and proteome), neurotransmitter levels (metabolome), additional measures of signaling cascades, oscillatory synchrony, neuronal circuits and neural pathways (connectome), along with other possible physiologic measures. All of these measures represent components of a continuum that extends from proximity to the genome to proximity to the clinical phenotype of depression, and there are many levels along this continuum at which useful IPs may be defined. Because of the highly integrative nature of brain systems and the complex neurobiology of depression, the most useful biomarkers are likely to be those with intermediate proximity both to the genome and the clinical phenotype of MDD. Translation of findings across the spectrum from genotype to phenotype promises to better characterize the complex disruptions in signaling and neuroplasticity that accompany MDD, and ultimately to lead to greater understanding of the causes of depressive illness.
Evaluation of CDs and chewing gum in teaching dental anatomy. (2006)

The purposes of this pilot study were: 1. to compare two methods of teaching dental anatomy-CD + lab vs. standard lecture + lab; and 2. to determine whether actively chewing gum during lecture, lab and studying would have an effect on learning. Only the written examination average scores for the gum vs. no gum chewing groups showed differences that appear to be educationally meaningful, though not statistically significant because of the limited number of subjects in this pilot study. This pilot study suggests that: 1. the cost-effective method of using a self-study CD is as educationally effective as a standard lecture; 2. gum chewing resulted in higher scores in the written examination; and 3. future, full-sized studies should be conducted to confirm these findings.
Desorber Energy Consumption Amine Based Absorption Plants (2005)

A computational model of the regeneration system of a monoethanolamine (MEA) based absorption plant for CO2 removal has been developed and used for an operational parameter study. Several parameters have been identified and varied over a given span in order to see the performance effects for the regeneration system, which determines the majority of the operational cost of the overall gas cleaning process. The results show that major energy savings can be realized by optimizing the loading level in the amine system as well as reboiler pressure. A more efficient heat exchanger followed by a flash prior to the desorber does not improve the overall stripping performance to a significant extent. The quality of equilibrium data is of crucial importance in the simulation and optimization of the desorber unit. They are much more important in the case for modeling the desorber compared to modeling the absorber.
Pathophysiology of demyelinated axons (1995)

Abstract This chapter discusses the pathophysiology of demyelinated axons. It reviews available data concerning cellular and molecular substrates for abnormal conduction and mechanisms underlying recovery of conduction after demyelination. It shows that multiple mechanisms contribute to disturbed conduction, and to the restoration of function in demyelinated axons. Passive and active mechanisms interact to shape the conduction properties of demyelinated axons.
Recurrence of Conduction Following Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation Procedures: (1996)

The results of this study suggest that electrode temperature at the successful ablation site cannot be used to identify patients at highest risk of recurrence.
Temperature Influence on Basal Activity and Induction of Mixed Function Oxygenase Activity in <i>Fundulus heteroclitus</i> (1979)

Treatment of Fundulus heteroclitus acclimated to 6.5 °C with benzo(a)pyrene did not elicit any change in the levels of hepatic microsomal NADH- or NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity, nor in the levels of cytochrome P-450 or its catalytic activities. However, the same treatment offish at 16 5 °C resulted in a marked induction of benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase. Cytochrome P-450 content was also higher in the warm, treated fish and the Soret maximum of reduced, CO-treated microsomes was shifted to the violet. Levels of aminopyrine demethylase and NADH-cytochrome c reductase activities did not show a significant treatment effect. At neither temperature could treated and control fish be distinguished on the basis of in vitro inhibition of benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase activity by 7,8-benzoflavone. Levels of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase activities were greater in control Fundulus acclimated to 6.5 °C than to 16.5 °C, when normalized to microsomal protein, but not when based on body weight. The results indicate that habitat temperature alone may not affect the capacity for initial hydrocarbon metabolism in fish, but that it can strongly influence the induction of cytochrome P-450. Key words: temperature, cytochrome P-450, hydrocarbon metabolism, mixed-function oxygenase, Fundulus heteroclitus
Burkitt Lymphoma in Brazil Is Characterized by Geographically Distinct Clinicopathologic Features (2008)

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a highly aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma with a consistent MYC translocation. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been associated with BL at different frequencies, depending on the clinical variant and geographic regions. This is a large-scale study of BL in Brazil, including 234 patients from 5 geographic regions that are widely disparate socioeconomically, including pediatric (61.1%) and adult (37.6%) populations. EBV was present in 52.6% of all BL cases, varying from 29% (12/42) in the South to 76% (13/17) in the North. Most of the cases were EBV type A. The frequency was higher in the pediatric group, and EBV association within this age range predominated in all regions except the South. Expression of p53 protein was observed in 16.2%, and only rare cases showed p63 expression. BL in Brazil is regionally distinct and has a low incidence of p53 overexpression and a higher-than-expected association with EBV in sporadic cases.
Modeling of Tunnelling Currents in Hf-Based Gate Stacks as a Function of Temperature and Extraction of Material Parameters (2007)

In this paper, we show that through electrical characterization and detailed quantum simulations of the capacitance-voltage and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics, it is possible to extract a series of material parameters of alternative gate dielectrics. We have focused on HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and HfSi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Y</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Z</sub> gate stacks and have extracted information on the nature of localized states in the dielectric responsible for a trap-assisted tunneling (TAT) current component and for the temperature behavior of the I-V characteristics. Simulations are based on a one-dimensional Poisson-Schroumldinger solver capable to provide the pure tunneling current and TAT component. Energy and capture cross section of traps responsible for TAT current have been extracted
Acute effects of sucralfate aspiration: Clinical and laboratory observations (1994)

Study Objective: To assess the complications associated with the aspiration of sucralfate. Design: Clinical (case report) and bench observations. Setting: Inpatient intensive care unit and experimental animal laboratory. Subjects: The case of a critically ill patient who aspirated sucralfate is presented. Fifteen Sprague-Dawley rats served as experimental animals to investigate the acute histologic effects of large-volume aspiration of sucralfate. Interventions: The patient underwent emergent intubation to relieve acute upper airway obstruction. All the animals were anesthetized and had tracheostomies performed. The experimental groups had acidic intratracheal injections of 2 ml/kg of a nonparticulate liquid (pH, 2.3; n = 6) or a sucralfate aspirate (1 ml/kg of a 5% sucralfate suspension of pH 3.6, followed by 1 ml/kg 0.1 of normal hydrochloric acid of pH 1.0; n = 4). Four hours after simulated aspiration, the rats were sacrificed and their lungs removed for histologic examination by light microscopy. Measurements and Main Results: Differences were noted in histopathologic injury in the experimental groups compared to the control group using a numeric scoring scale. Nonparticulate acidic liquid aspiration caused a significant increase (p < 0.05) in inflammation. Sucralfate caused a significant increase (p < 0.05) in lung hemorrhage. A nonsignificant trend was seen with simulated sucralfate aspiration for edema and inflammation. No long-term sequelae were attributed to the clinical aspiration episode. Conclusions: Acute complications associated with aspiration of sucralfate have been identified. In the laboratory setting, simulated aspiration of sucralfate led to acute lung injury.
The ras oncogene--an important regulatory element in lower eucaryotic organisms. (1989)

The ras proto-oncogene in mammalian cells encodes a 21-kilodalton guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein. This gene is frequently activated in human cancer. As one approach toward understanding the mechanisms of cellular transformation by ras, the function of this gene in lower eucaryotic organisms has been studied. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the RAS gene products serve as essential function by regulating cyclic adenosine monophosphate metabolism. Stimulation of adenylyl cyclase is dependent not only on RAS protein complexed to GTP, but also on the CDC25 and IRA gene products, which appear to control the RAS GTP-guanosine diphosphate cycle. Although analysis of RAS biochemistry in S. cerevisiae has identified mechanisms central to RAS action, RAS regulation of adenylyl cyclase appears to be strictly limited to this particular organism. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Dictyostelium discoideum, and Drosophila melanogaster, ras-encoded proteins are not involved with regulation of adenylyl cyclase, similar to what is observed in mammalian cells. However, the ras gene product in these other lower eucaryotes is clearly required for appropriate responses to extracellular signals such as mating factors and chemoattractants and for normal growth and development of the organism. The identification of other GTP-binding proteins in S. cerevisiae with distinct yet essential functions underscores the fundamental importance of G-protein regulatory processes in normal cell physiology.
Far-Ultraviolet Performance of the Berkeley Spectrograph duringthe [ITAL]ORFEUS-SPAS II[/ITAL] Mission (1998)

The Berkeley spectrograph aboard the ORFEUS telescope made its second flight on the 14-day ORFEUS-SPAS II mission of the Space Shuttle Columbia in November/December 1996. Approximately half of the available observing time was dedicated to the Berkeley spectrograph, which was used by both Principal and Guest Investigators. The spectrograph's full bandpass is 390-1218 A; here we discuss its in-flight performance at far-ultraviolet (FUV) wavelengths, where most of the observations were performed. The instrument's effective area peaks at 8.9 +/- 0.5 cm^2 near 1020 A, and the mean spectral resolution is 95 km/s FWHM for point sources. Over most of the spectral range, the typical night-time background event rate in each spectral resolution element was about 0.003/s. Simultaneous background observations of an adjacent blank field were provided through a secondary, off-axis aperture. The Berkeley spectrograph's unique combination of sensitivity and resolution provided valuable observations of approximately 105 distinct astronomical targets, ranging in distance from the earth's own moon to some of the brightest AGN.
Reconstructing convex sets from support line measurements (1990)

Algorithms are proposed for reconstructing convex sets given noisy support line measurements. It is observed that a set of measured support lines may not be consistent with any set in the plane. A theory of consistent support lines which serves as a basis for reconstruction algorithms that take the form of constrained optimization algorithms is developed. The formal statement of the problem and constraints reveals a rich geometry that makes it possible to include prior information about object position and boundary smoothness. The algorithms, which use explicit noise models and prior knowledge, are based on maximum-likelihood and maximum a posteriori estimation principles and are implemented using efficient linear and quadratic programming codes. Experimental results are presented. This research sets the stage for a more general approach to the incorporation of prior information concerning the estimation of object shape.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Flow Cytometry Quantification of CD34<sup>+</sup> Cells and Other Leukocyte Subpopulations in Frozen-Thawed Blood Cell Suspensions: Investigation of a New Teflon Container for Cryopreservation of Hemato-poietic Progenitor Cells (1995)

The study reported here revealed no significant differences between the 2 types of storage containers. The new Fresenius teflon container could thus be recommended for cryopreservation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. MFC provided reliable data on CD34+ cell content and leukocyte subset composition of the frozen-thawed cell suspension.
FLASH is required for histone transcription and S-phase progression (2006)

Cajal bodies are nuclear subdomains that are involved in maturation of small ribonucleoproteins and frequently associate with small nuclear RNA and histone gene clusters in interphase cells. We have recently identified FADD-like IL-1beta-converting enzyme (FLICE) associated huge protein (FLASH) as an essential component of Cajal bodies. Here we show that FLASH associates with nuclear protein, ataxia-telangiectasia, a component of the cell-cycle-dependent histone gene transcription machinery. Reduction of FLASH expression by RNA interference results in disruption of the normal Cajal body architecture and relocalization of nuclear protein, ataxia-telangiectasia. Furthermore, FLASH down-regulation results in a clear reduction of histone transcription and a dramatic S-phase arrest of the cell cycle. Chromatin immunoprecipitation reveals that FLASH interacts with histone gene promoter sequences. These results identify FLASH as an important component of the machinery required for histone precursor mRNA expression and cell-cycle progression.
Zur Frage über die Zulässigkeit von Vorwärmevorrichtungen in Dampfsterilisatoren<sup>1</sup>) (1903)

Drug Prescribing for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in General Practice: a Cross-Sectional Study