gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of faculty's perceptions regarding higher education at Punjab and Himachal Pradesh (2014)

The paper compares the differences of opinion among the respondents from Punjab and Himachal Pradesh. T-test analysis has been performed to analyze significant differences in responses of categorized respondents from Punjab and Himachal Pradesh. Higher education should also be considered as public good as it has immense power to foster the economic growth which ultimately determines a nation's prosperity. Mass Higher education has huge potential to accelerate rate of human resource development. Higher education institutions don't have world class infrastructural facilities. The State with its limited resources and slow moving machinery is unable to fully meet education needs of people. There is scope for public-private partnerships to boost higher education sector. Students are receptive, knowledgeable but non demanding. They hesitate to join innovative courses. The colleges/institutions generally don't pay close attention to students’ satisfaction. GATS will provide students with choices and creates competition between institutions which will be vital in enhancing quality and accountability. Presently, the courses offered, teaching materials, assignments, projects and databases are partially available in electronic form. Usage of ICT enabled education; the quality courses offered by foreign education providers are welcomed. The adverse affect on Balance of payment position is partially accepted but stakeholders believe that ultimately local availability of quality education has huge potential to reduce tendency of rich students to pursue higher education courses abroad. The stakeholders believe that the presence of foreign education providers through physical campuses, twinning programmes, satellite campuses will bring qualitative improvements in Higher education.
Gastroesophageal deformities of left ventricular-abdominal aortic conduit (1982)

Left ventricular apical-abdominal aortic valved conduit has been a successful procedure for relief of severe left ventricular outlet obstruction. Postoperatively, unusual deformities of the gastric fundus and cardia may be seen on the upper gastrointestinal series and should not be mistaken for pathologic mass lesions. Three deformities are characteristic: anterior impression on the gastric fundus, medial impression on the gastric fundus, and narrowing of the distal esophagus. Occasional gastrointestinal complications including dysphagia and gastric erosion may occur.
Lipid nanoparticles for delivery of bioactive molecules (2019)

Nanoparticle drug delivery vehicles can be used for in vivo delivery of a variety of bioactive molecules including nucleic acid polymers and small molecule drugs for applications ranging from gene therapy to improving the efficacy of anticancer drugs. This thesis explores different variations of lipid nanoparticles (LNP) formulated with microfluidic mixing method, for encapsulation of a wide range of bioactive agents. The first part of the thesis focuses on the effect of cationic lipid content of the LNP and its effect on encapsulation of negatively charged small cargo. The ability of the rapid mixing/cationic lipid protocol to encapsulate small negatively charged molecules and short oligonucleotides in LNP systems containing ionizable cationic lipids and/or permanently positively charged cationic lipids is explored. It was found that encapsulation of small cargo is dependent on molecule size and charge and that permanently charged LNP are more efficacious at encapsulating small, charged cargo than ionizable LNP. It is also shown that charged prodrug forms of molecules that are neutral in their native form can be encapsulated and delivered using this method. The results of these studies can be used as general guidelines for entrapment and delivery of novel bioactive molecules that are typically difficult to formulate. While the cationic lipid plays an obvious role in entrapment and delivery of negatively charged molecules, the role of helper lipids is not very clear. The second chapter of the thesis looks at the effect of helper lipid titration and variation in in vitro cellular uptake and knockdown and in vivo hepatocyte gene silencing, using ionizable-LNP containing siRNA. It was found that while in vitro knockdown might not be greatly affected when the conventional 10 mol% DSPC (1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) is varied, in vivo hepatocyte gene silencing was almost fully disrupted by helper lipid variations. The results of these studies could lead to a more targeted LNP simply by varying the helper lipid that enables avoiding certain cell types or targets specific tissues.
Controlling the degrees of freedom in metasurface designs for multi-functional optical devices (2019)

This review focuses on the control over the degrees of freedom (DOF) in metasurfaces, which include the input DOF (the polarization, wavelength and incident angle of the input light and some dynamic controls), parameter DOF (the complex geometric design of metasurfaces) and output DOF (the phase, polarization and amplitude of the output light). This framework could clearly show us the development process of metasurfaces, from single-functional to multi-functional ones. Advantages of the multi-functional metasurfaces are discussed in the context of various applications, including 3D holography, broadband achromatic metalenses and multi-dimensional encoded information. By combining all the input and output DOF together, we can realize ideal optical meta-devices with deep subwavelength thickness and striking functions beyond the reach of traditional optical components. Moreover, new research directions may emerge when merging different DOF in metasurfaces with other important concepts, such as parity-time symmetry and topology, so that we can have the complete control of light waves in a prescribed manner.
Scanning slit mammography. (1993)

The importance of scatter in mammography and the performance of conventional mammographic grids are reviewed. Without scatter control image contrast is significantly degraded. Conventional mammography grids improve the situation; however, their performance is limited. As a result for 5 to 8 cm thick breasts, a more ideal method of scatter control could result in a 25 to 45% improvement in contrast over that possible with conventional grids. One such approach is scanning slit mammography. The principles of this approach are presented along with the design and geometrical specifications of a prototype multiple scanning slit unit. The unit has a measured primary transmission of 91% and scatter transmission of 3%. Similarly measured performance values for a commonly used grid are 62% and 19%, respectively. Compared are images of a 6 cm breast phantom obtained with the scanning slit unit and a conventional grid. The scanning slit unit achieved noticeably greater image contrast with 30% less radiation. Also discussed are the limitations and engineering challenges of the technology.
GENOMIC IMPRINTING IN MAMMALS (1997)

A handful of autosomal genes in the mammalian genome are inherited in a silent state from one of the two parents, and in a fully active form from the other, thereby rendering the organism functionally hemizygous for imprinted genes. To date 19 imprinted genes have been identified; 5 are expressed from the maternal chromosome while the rest are expressed from the paternal chromosome. Allele-specific methylation of CpG residues, established in one of the germlines and maintained throughout embryogenesis, has been clearly implicated in the maintenance of imprinting in somatic cells. Although the function of imprinting remains a subject of some debate, the process is thought to have an important role in regulating the rate of fetal growth.
Investigations on the nature of a graft-transmissible agent in poinsettia (1993)

The free-branching poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) cultivar Annette Hegg Brilliant Diamond contains a free-branching agent that is graft-transmissible to the restricted-branching cultivar Eckespoint C-1 Red. Transmission electron microscopy failed to reveal evidence of bacteria, fungi, or mycoplasma-like organisms in either 'Brilliant Diamond' or 'C-1 Red' plants. Treatment of both cultivars with tetracycline-hydrochloride produced no differences in branching pattern or leaf morphology in either cultivar, indicating that the agent may not be a mycoplasma-like organism. Scions of a poinsettia mosaic virus indicator species (Euphorbia cyathophora) grafted onto 'Brilliant Diamond' and 'C-1 Red' stocks exhibited the mottling symptoms characteristic of poinsettia mosaic virus, while self-grafted E. cyathophora scions showed no mottling, indicating that poinsettia mosaic virus was not the agent. The agent was not transmitted by pin prick, carborundum, or dodder (Cuscuta sp.), and ribaviran did not eliminate expression of the branching agent from 'Brilliant Diamond' plants. No differences in double-stranded RNA banding patterns were found between extracts of free- and restricted-branching poinsettias by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The double-stranded RNA was attributed to poinsettia mosaic virus and other unknown RNA viruses. Attempts to detect a specific DNA associated with free-branching were inconclusive. Key words: branching agent, Euphorbia pulcherrima, graft transformation, dsRNA, poinsettia mosaic virus.
Directional statistics BRDF model (2009)

We introduce a novel parametric BRDF model that can accurately encode a wide variety of real-world isotropic BRDFs with a small number of parameters. The key observation we make is that a BRDF may be viewed as a statistical distribution on a unit hemisphere. We derive a novel directional statistics distribution, which we refer to as the hemispherical exponential power distribution, and model an isotropic BRDF with a mixture of it. The novel directional statistics BRDF model allows us to derive a canonical probabilistic method for estimating its parameters including the number of components. We show that the model captures the full spectrum of real-world isotropic BRDFs with accuracy comparable to non-parametric models but with a much more compact representation. We also experimentally show that the model achieves better accuracy with less measurements compared with such non-parametric models. We further demonstrate the advantages of the novel BRDF model by showing its use for reflection component separation and for exploring the space of isotropic BRDFs.
Using trajectory features for upper limb action recognition (2014)

There is growing interest in using low-cost wearable sensors to model limb movement in applications such as stroke rehabilitation and physiotherapy. This paper presents an algorithm for the detection and classification of arm motion in time series collected by wearable inertial sensors. High level arm trajectory features are obtained from raw sensor data using a sensor orientation tracking algorithm and an arm model. The features are then used in a clustering-based classifier. In the classifier training stage, features are clustered using the k-means algorithm, and a histogram of “key poses” is generated from the clustering as a template for each class. In the recognition stage, new data are segmented and matched to the templates. Experiments on human subjects show that by using trajectory features in the proposed approach, we can achieve higher accuracy than a range of benchmark non-temporal classifiers.
Analysis of two-channel generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) with post-filtering (2003)

In this paper, we analyze a two-channel generalized sidelobe canceller with post-filtering in nonstationary noise environments. The post-filtering includes detection of transients at the beamformer output and reference signal, a comparison of their transient power, estimation of the signal presence probability, estimation of the noise spectrum, and spectral enhancement for minimizing the mean-square error of the log-spectra. Transients are detected based on a measure of their local nonstationarity, and classified as desired or interfering based on the transient beam-to-reference ratio. We introduce a transient discrimination quality measure, which quantifies the beamformer's capability to recognize noise transients as distinct from signal transients. Evaluating this measure in various noise fields shows that desired and interfering transients can generally be differentiated within a wide range of frequencies. To further improve the transient noise reduction at low and high frequencies in case the signal is wideband, we estimate for each time frame a global likelihood of signal presence. The global likelihood is associated with the transient beam-to-reference ratios in frequencies, where the transient discrimination quality is high. Experimental results demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed approach in various car environments.
Personalized emotion space for video affective content representation (2009)

A personalized emotion space is proposed to bridge the “affective gap” in video affective content understanding. In order to unify the discrete and dimensional emotion model, fuzzy C-mean (FCM) clustering algorithm is adopted to divide the emotion space. Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is used to determine the membership functions of typical affective subspaces. At every step of modeling the space, the inputs rely completely on the affective experiences recorded by the audiences. The advantages of the improved V-A (Velance-Arousal) emotion model are the personalization, the ability to define typical affective state areas in the V-A emotion space, and the convenience to explicitly express the intensity of each affective state. The experimental results validate the model and show it can be used as a personalized emotion space for video affective content representation.
World Congress on Insulin Resistance, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease (2011)

This is the third of four reports on the 8th Annual World Congress on Insulin Resistance, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease, held on 4–6 November 2010, in Los Angeles, California.

Ronald Krauss (Berkley, CA) discussed lipid effects of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptors (PPARs). PPARα activation reduces triglyceride-rich lipoproteins as a consequence of combined intrahepatic actions increasing fatty acid oxidation, increasing apolipoprotein (apo)A-5, and decreasing apoC-3. The LDL phenotype B, defined by small dense LDL cholesterol with low peak particle size, may be considered a specific marker for atherogenic dyslipidemia or, as Krauss termed it, “a fingerprint for this dyslipidemic phenotype” with high triglyceride, low HDL cholesterol, and high levels of apoB for a given LDL cholesterol concentration. A study of lipoprotein particle size and concentration as assessed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy among 26,836 nondiabetic women in the Women's Health Study showed that LDL cholesterol was not associated with the pattern B phenotype and that both LDL particle concentration and size were strongly and independently associated with diabetes to nearly the same degree as the A1C level (1). HDL size, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, and VLDL size also displayed the association with the small dense LDL cholesterol phenotype, suggesting that all these measures reflect the interplay between fatty acids and lipid metabolism as they relate to insulin resistance.

PPARα activation decreases VLDL cholesterol, changes LDL cholesterol from smaller to larger size, and raises HDL cholesterol, while the lipoprotein effects of PPARδ are less well understood. Both are reported to be activated by hydrolyzed VLDL lipids, although endogenous factors activating these receptors have not been well characterized. In an in vitro study in the absence of albumin, cellular fatty acid uptake determined PPARα activation but at fatty acid levels not achievable in plasma because of the effect of albumin binding (2). One therefore needs …
Optical System With Fiber Optical Elements (1981)

Many reflecting and refracting elements are required in the construction of a conventional optical system with a low f/number. Such a system poses problems in alignment and mechanical stabilty when operating in severe environments over a wide temerature range. A fiber bundle designed in the form of a cone with larger entrance diameter than the exit diameter transmits and reduces the uimage size. A simple lens of longer focal length and larger effective aperture can be used to produce an imageat the entrance of the cone. Since there is a gain in flux per unit area, this system intesifies as well as trasmits an image. It also enables the use of a detector of smaller size to achieve a higher signal-to-noise ratio. An effective optical systen for doing this is described and demonstrated.
Enhanced Catalytic Activity of Ag/Rh Bimetallic Nanomaterial: Evidence of an Ensemble Effect (2016)

A synergistic electronic interaction between the constituent metals in a bi/multimetallic system fine-tunes its catalytic property to be enhanced compared to those of the individual metal analogues. Such a proposition toward enhancing the catalytic activity of precious Rh metal by otherwise inactive Ag is done here in a cost-effective dilution method. The generated heterostructure of Ag/Rh independently drives two industrially important model reactions: 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) reduction and hydrogen peroxide (HP) decomposition. An impressive catalytic activity parameter for 4-NP reduction (256.67 s–1 g–1) with hydrazine and HP decomposition (39 × 10–3 min–1 g–1) at room temperature ensures the importance of the “ensemble effect”. Spectroscopic evidence also certifies the dilution range to justify improved catalytic activities relating to the ensemble effect. Moreover, our theoretical study rationalizes the experimental observation where the enhanced charge transfer or occurrence of charge separation within the bimetallic system is responsible for the chemical reactivity of these bimetallic systems. Finally, the thermodynamics of formation of bimetallic nanoparticles finds support from the experimentally observed results and electronic interactions between Ag and Rh for improved catalytic activity that complies with spectral information.
Productos y Circuitos Turísticos en el Área Rural y Urbana de la Ciudad de Puerto Maldonado (2013)

La investigacion actual tiene el objetivo de proponer nuevos atractivos y nuevos circuitos turisticos en la zona urbana y periferica de la ciudad de Puerto Maldonado, para diversificar la economia local y para incluir a la poblacion mas locales en la cadena de valor economico del turismo. Despues de procesar todos estos datos llegamos a la conclusion de que en el area citada hay alrededor de veinticinco lugares diferentes de los cuales el 73% son de los naturales y 27% son los culturales.Con estos datos podemos establecer tres circuitos turisticos diferentes que crearan diferentes posibilidades para gestionar la actividad turistica en Puerto Maldonado y que tambien promovera el desarrollo de nueva infraestructura y nuevos iniciativas.
Prediction of chaotic time series using recurrent neural networks (2003)

The authors propose to train and use a recurrent artificial neural network (ANN) to predict a chaotic time series. Instead of training the network with the next sample in the time series as is normally done, a sequence of samples that follows the present sample will be utilized. Dynamical parameters extracted from the time series provide the information to set the length of these training sequences. The proposed method has been applied to predict both periodic and chaotic time series, and is superior to the conventional ANN approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Imaging Tumour Angiogenesis (2005)

The development of neovasculature via angiogenesis is a vital component of many normal physiological processes and a number of disease states. Neovascularisation is critical for the growth of malignant tumours and for the development and survival of metastases. Recently, the potential of non-invasive imaging for the functional characterisation of neovasculature has become realised. In this review we describe the process of tumour angiogenesis for radiologists and present a summary of the most available computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging techniques that can depict the functional vascular status of human tumours.
Optimization of Precision in Quantitative Analysis (2003)

Early reports of quantitative analysis by CE on homemade systems indicated that peak area precisions of ∼5% relative standard deviations (RSD) could be expected. The advent of reliable commercial instruments and improved methodology can now enable RSD figures of 1–2% or better to be routinely obtained (). The following chapter provides some guidelines toward optimizing precision.
Field Notes (2004)

This article provides a framework for using the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to help social work field instructors work effectively with students of a variety of personality types. The article describes the MBTI and includes strategies for using it to assess students' needs, determine issues in supervisory style, and enhance supervisor–student relationships. Within the framework are strategies for respecting and responding to type differences and for learning to act against preference to work effectively with students of different types. The authors emphasize the ethical use of the MBTI in field instruction and limitations of its use.
377 (2012)

Introduction: The venous-arterial carbon dioxide difference (v-a(CO2)) is an indicator of tissue perfusion, with increased values suggesting hypoperfusion and ischemia. The venous-arterial carbon dioxide gradient for the brain can be calculated (v-a(CO2)cer, cer=cerebral). No previous study has examined this metric after brain injury. Hypothesis: In patients with brain injury,increased v-a(CO2)cer in the first 48 hours after injury correlates with poor outcome. Methods: This prospective observational study investigated patients with brain injury admitted to the intensive care unit. Brain tissue oxygenation was measured with a parenchymal probe in the least-injured hemisphere. Local cerebral blood flow was measured with a parenchymal thermal diffusion probe. Cerebral venous blood gases were drawn from a jugular bulb venous catheter. The data were analyzed and correlated with patient outcome. A good outcome was defined as discharge to home or a rehabilitation facility and a poor outcome was defined as discharge to a long-term care facility or death. Results: Data were available for 21 patients with traumatic brain injury (n=17), stroke (n=3) or intracerebral hemorrhage (n=1). Twelve patients had a good outcome; nine patients had a poor outcome. In patients with a good outcome, the mean v-a(CO2)cer was 9.24 (+/- 5.88) mmHg; in patients with a poor outcome mean v-a(CO2)cer was 4.70 (+/-4.04) mmHg, p<0.01. Cerebral blood flow differed significantly as well (18 +/- 12 cc/100gm/minute vs. 37 +/- 15 cc/100gm/minute, p<0.02, good vs. poor outcomes). The initial Glasgow Coma Scale and brain tissue oxygenation did not differ between the good and poor outcome groups. Conclusions: Elevations in v-a(CO2)cer correlated with a good neurologic outcome. These patients also had significantly lower cerebral blood flow. Brain tissue oxygenation did not differ significantly despite the differences in perfusion. Several mechanisms may underlie this finding, including that relative hypoperfusion may be beneficial early after injury, particularly in patients with impaired cerebral autoregulation. Additional research is needed to validate this finding and investigate the relationship with other metabolic parameters and functional outcomes.