gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New lager yeast strains generated by interspecific hybridization (2015)

The interspecific hybrid Saccharomyces pastorianus is the most commonly used yeast in brewery fermentations worldwide. Here, we generated de novo lager yeast hybrids by mating a domesticated and strongly flocculent Saccharomyces cerevisiae ale strain with the Saccharomyces eubayanus type strain. The hybrids were characterized with respect to the parent strains in a wort fermentation performed at temperatures typical for lager brewing (12 °C). The resulting beers were analysed for sugar and aroma compounds, while the yeasts were tested for their flocculation ability and α-glucoside transport capability. These hybrids inherited beneficial properties from both parent strains (cryotolerance, maltotriose utilization and strong flocculation) and showed apparent hybrid vigour, fermenting faster and producing beer with higher alcohol content (5.6 vs 4.5 % ABV) than the parents. Results suggest that interspecific hybridization is suitable for production of novel non-GM lager yeast strains with unique properties and will help in elucidating the evolutionary history of industrial lager yeast.
Supramolecular gels: Functions and uses (2005)

In recent years there has been immense interest in studying gels derived from low molecular mass gelators (supramolecular, or simply molecular gels). The motivation for this is not only to understand the fundamental aggregate structures in the gels at different length scales, but also to explore their potential for futuristic technological applications. Gels have been made sensitive to external stimuli like light and chemical entities by incorporating a spectroscopically active or a receptor unit as part of the gelator molecule. This makes them suitable for applications such as sensing and actuating. The diversity of gel structural architectures has allowed them to be utilized as templates to prepare novel inorganic superstructures for possible applications in catalysis and separation. Gels derived from liquid crystals (anisotropy gels) that can act as dynamically functional materials have been prepared, for example, for (re-writable) information recording. Supramolecular gels can be important in controlled release applications, in oil recovery, for gelling cryogenic fuels etc. They can also serve as media for a range of applications. This tutorial review highlights some of the instructive work done by various groups to develop smart and functional gels, and covers a wide spectrum of scientific interest ranging from medicine to materials science.
Locus heterogeneity in progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis. (1996)

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC or Byler disease) is a rare autosomal recessive form of severe and fatal cholestatic liver disease. A locus for PFIC has recently been mapped to chromosome 18q21-q22 in the original Byler pedigree. This region harbours the locus for a related phenotype, benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis (BRIC), suggesting that these traits are allelic. Linkage analysis was undertaken in five consanguineous PFIC pedigrees from Saudi Arabia using marker loci (D18S69, D18S41, D18S64, D18S38, D18S42, D18S55, D18S68, and D18S61) which span the Byler disease/BRIC region on 18q21-q22. In this family set the disease locus was excluded from this region, showing that locus heterogeneity exists for the PFIC phenotype.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Reactions Mediated by a Ti(O‐i‐Pr)<sub>4</sub>/2i‐PrMgX Reagent (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Negative expansion of the myotonic dystrophy unstable sequence. (1993)

We have analyzed the unstable fragment of the myotonic dystrophy (DM) gene in a pregnancy at 50% risk for DM. The affected father in this family had a 3.0-kb expansion of the DM unstable region. The fetus inherited the mutated gene, but with an expansion of 0.5 kb. This case represented a counseling problem in light of the absence of data concerning "negative expansion." Analysis of the DM gene in 17 families with 72 affected individuals revealed four more cases of negative expansions, all of them in paternal transmissions. The possible significance of this finding is discussed.
Standardized Assessment of the HER2 Status in Breast Cancer by Immunohistochemistry (2011)

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is widely used in surgical pathology, but it has been plagued by problems with reproducibility and lack of standardization resulting in poor concordance between laboratories. In particular, inaccuracy of routine human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) testing in breast cancer patients has been a major issue. In 2006 this led the American Society of Clinical Oncologists (ASCO) and College of American Pathologists (CAP) to charge an expert panel with developing recommendations for HER2 testing. After subsequent publication and adoption of these guideline recommendations through dissemination of best practices, variation in clinical practice is expected to diminish and result in improved accuracy.
A Small-Animal PET Design Using SiPMs and Anger Logic with Intrinsic DOI (2005)

In this study a miniature, high-resolution detector head for a small-animal PET imaging system that has intrinsic depth of interaction (DOI) information is proposed. The design is hased upon the classic Anger camera principle, i.e. one detector module layer consists of a continuous slab of scintillator, viewed by a new type of compact silicon photodetector. The photodetector is the recently developed Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) that as well as being very compact has many other attractive properties: high gain at low bias voltage, excellent single-photoelectron resolution and fast timing. A detector head of 4/spl times/4 cm/sup 2/ in area is proposed, constructed from three module layers of the continuous detector described above. Here, a simulation study is carried out, using the Monte Carlo simulation package GEANT4. The simulation results are used to determine the performance of a single detector head and to optimize the geometry of the detector, resulting in a spatial resolution of up to /spl sim/0.6 mm full-width at half maximum (FWHM).
Integration of high-gain double heterojunction GaAs bipolar transistors with a LED for optical neural network application (2003)

A 10*10 array of optical neurons consisting of monolithically integrated DHPTs (double heterojunction phototransistors), DHBTs (double heterojunction bipolar transistors), and LEDs (light-emitting diodes) was fabricated in an AlGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs double heterostructure. A single DHBT exhibited a current gain as high as 500 with an ideality factor of 1.4. A Darlington transistor pair showed a combined current gain of 4000. The power density of the LED was about 300 W/cm/sup 2/. The integrated structure, however, showed SCR (silicon controlled rectifier) characteristics, which was attributed to the coupling of a parasitic p-n-p transistor to the n-p-n DHBT. This problem was eliminated by first etching a groove in the semi-insulating substrate between the LED and the Darlington transistor pair and then employing metallization to provide proper connection. However, overall gains for the Darlington transistor pair were low, probably due to the leakage currents caused by surface contamination and the Zn diffusion process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Differentially expressed genes in human endometrial endothelial cells derived from eutopic endometrium of patients with endometriosis compared with those from patients without endometriosis (2007)

It may be postulated that differential regulation of some of these genes in eutopic HEECs plays a facilitating role during the peritoneal vascularization of ectopic endometrial lesions by enhancing angiogenic activity via a paracrine effect.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF PSEUDO TYPE OF PROTOPINE ALKALOIDS (1980)

Abstract Aus den Chloracetamiden (I) entstehen bei der Bestrahlung die Cyclisierungsprodukte (II), die zu (III) benzyliert und weiter mit Phosphoroxychlorid zu (IV) cyclisiert werden können.
Density compensation functions for spiral MRI (1997)

In interleaved spiral MRI, an object's Fourier transform is sampled along a set of curved trajectories in the spatial frequency domain (k-space). An image of the object is then reconstructed, usually by interpolating the sampled Fourier data onto a Cartesian grid and applying the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm. To obtain accurate results, it is necessary to account for the nonuniform density with which k-space is sampled. An analytic density compensation function (DCF) for spiral MRI, based on the Jacobian determinant for the transformation between Cartesian coordinates and the spiral sampling parameters of time and interleaf rotation angle, is derived in this paper, and the reconstruction accuracy achieved using this function is compared with that obtained using several previously published expressions. Various nonideal conditions, including intersecting trajectories, are considered. The new DCF eliminated intensity cupping that was encountered in images reconstructed with other functions, and significantly reduced the level of artifact observed when unevenly spaced sampling trajectories, such as those achieved with trapezoidal gradient waveforms, were employed. Modified forms of this function were found to provide similar improvements when intersecting trajectories made the spiral-Cartesian transformation noninvertible, and when the shape of the spiral trajectory varied between interleaves.
Reduction of Nitric Oxide in Flue Gases by Point to Plane Corona Discharge with Catalytical Coatings on the Plane Electrode (1990)

Abstract A corona discharge with catalytical coatings on its plane electrodes has been studied as a technique for NOx reduction in gas mixtures. The underlying concept is that the combination of a gas discharge with calalytically active electrode coatings may allow the activation of the thermodynamically favourable NO-decay, e.g. into the 2NO → N2 + 02 reaction channel. Widely differing materials such as metal oxide catalysts, conductive polymers, Si3N4-passivation and nitro enamon were tested as electrode coatings. With given corona polarity the different coatings gave widely differing DeNOx-efficiencies, the values of which are distributed over an interval of about two orders of magnitude. The largest energy yield this far obtained is 4mg of reduced NO per dissipated kilojoule of electrical energy. Further experiments will aim at improving this value by a factor of five at least, so that a typical coal power plant‚s flue gas could be cleaned of its NO from, for example, 1200 ppm to 200 ppm by employing about 5% of its electrical power.
Cross-Functional Interface of Marketing and Accounting (1998)

For competitive reasons, many business organizations are becoming more flexible in their operation and cross-functional in design. Increased emphasis on satisfying the final consumer has led businesses to recognize that value contributions, from internal and external organizational members in the value-chain, are necessary to efficiently and effectively reach expected levels of customer satisfaction. This broadened cross-functional and networked perspective has placed greater emphasis on the role performed by all components in the value-chain. Several changes in marketing such as an emphasis on data-based marketing, a value-added focus, a market-response orientation, and accountability of marketing effort are critical components of this broadened perspective. Additionally,several changes in management accounting such as the use of activity-based-costing, focus on strategic cost management, and target-costing have come together to make this integrated perspective possible. This paper explores how integration of these trends, particularly the trends of data-based marketing and activity-based-costing, can improve customer satisfaction and lead to long-term competitive advantages.
Thermal effects of the substrate on water droplet evaporation (2012)

We experimentally investigate the behavior of a pinned water droplet evaporating into air. The influence of the substrate temperature and substrate thermal properties on the evaporation process are studied in both hydrophilic and hydrophobic conditions. Our objective is to understand the effect of thermal mechanisms on the droplet evaporation process. The experimental results are compared with the quasisteady, diffusion-driven evaporation model, which is implemented under the influence of the temperature; the model assumes the isothermia of the droplet at the substrate temperature. The results highlight a favorable correlation between the model and the experimental data at ambient temperatures for most situations considered here. The model works to qualitatively describe the influence of the substrate temperature on the evaporation process. However, with an increase in the substrate temperature, the role of the thermal-linked mechanisms becomes increasingly important; this experiment highlights the need for more accurate models to account for the buoyant convection in vapor transport and the evaporative cooling and heat conduction between the droplet and the substrate. Finally, the experimental data reveal the modification of contact angle evolution as the temperature increases and the crucial role played by the nature of the substrate in the evaporation of a sessile droplet. The influence of the substrate thermal properties on the global evaporation rate is explained by the parallel thermal effusivity of the liquid and solid phases.
A suppression of an impulsive noise in ECG signal processing (2005)

The biomedical signals are commonly recorded with a noise. Many different kinds of noise exist in biomedical environment. One of the noises is a waveform of an electrical activity of muscles. This "natural" distortion is usually modeled with a white Gaussian noise. But such assumption is not always true, because real-life muscle noise has sometimes impulsive character. First objective of this paper is an application of the alpha-stable distribution as a model of the real-life muscle noise in the ECG signal. Second objective of this paper is an application of a family of M-filters to suppression an impulsive noise in biomedical signals (ECG signals). The reference filter is the median filter.
Hardware and programming (1992)

A comprehensive introductory course of study to the subjects of data processing for those wishing to gain an understanding of the computer, and of the role of the computer in modern business. The first of two volumes, this text examines aspects of hardware and programming.
Surface and borehole ground-penetrating-radar developments (2010)

Abstract During the past 80years, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has evolved from a skeptically received glacier sounder to a full multicomponent 3D volume-imaging and characterization device. The tool can be calibrated to allow for quantitative estimates of physical properties such as water content. Because of its high resolution, GPR is a valuable tool for quantifying subsurface heterogeneity, and its ability to see nonmetallic and metallic objects makes it a useful mapping tool to detect, localize, and characterize buried objects. No tool solves all problems; so to determine whether GPR is appropriate for a given problem, studying the reasons for failure can provide an understanding of the basics, which in turn can help determine whether GPR is appropriate for a given problem. We discuss the specific aspects of borehole radar and describe recent developments to become more sensitiveto orientation and to exploit the supplementary information in different components in polarimetric uses of radar data. Multicomponent GPR data contain more diverse geometric information than single-channel data, and this is exploited in developed dedicated imaging algorithms. The evolution of these imaging schemes is discussed for ground-coupled and air-coupled antennas. For air-coupled antennas, the measured radiated wavefield can be used as the basis for the wavefield extrapolator in linear-inversion schemes with an imaging condition, which eliminates the source-time function and corrects for the measured radiation pattern. A handheld GPR system coupled with a metal detector is ready for routine use in mine fields. Recent advances in modeling, tomography, and full-waveform inversion, as well as Green's function extraction through correlation and deconvolution, show much promise in this field.
Dynamic Digital Holography for recording and reconstruction of 3D images using optoelectronic devices (2017)

In this work, we present the optical recording and reconstruction of dynamic 3D digital holograms using optoelectronic devices. Digital Holography technique allows recording and reconstruction of three-dimensional images of real objects, since a hologram presents both the intensity and phase information about the object. The experimental implementation of digital holographic systems for recording, as well as for numerical and optical reconstruction of three-dimensional objects became possible. We developed an experimental setup that allowed the optical recording (construction) of dynamic digital holograms (DHs) from real three-dimensional objects in CCD cameras, together with their numerical reconstruction and their optical reconstruction in a dynamic process by using a spatial light modulator, SLM; it was used a single holographic experimental setup in the entire process. We have obtained good results that enable excellent prospects for applications in recording and reconstruction of 3D scenes.
Administration of a Polyphenol‐Enriched Feed to Farmed Sea Bass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i> L.) Modulates Intestinal and Spleen Immune Responses (2015)

Farmed fish are exposed to a continuous antigenic pressure by microbial and environmental agents, which may lead to a condition of chronic inflammation. In view of the notion that polyphenols, largely contained in fruits and vegetables, are endowed with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, farmed sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) have been administered with red grape polyphenol-enriched feed. Polyphenols were extracted from the seeds of Canosina Nero di Troia Vitis vinifera and mixed with conventional feed at two different concentrations (100 and 200 mg/kg, resp.). Fish samples collected at days 223 and 273, respectively, were evaluated for intestinal and spleen cytokine release as well as for spleen macrophage (MØ) and melanomacrophage center (MMC) areas and distribution. Data will show that in treated fish decrease of intestinal interleukin- (IL-) 1β and IL-6 and increase of splenic interferon- (IFN-) γ occur. On the other hand, in the spleen reduction of MØ number seems to parallel increase in MMCs. Collectively, these data suggest that polyphenol-administered sea bass generate lower levels of intestinal proinflammatory cytokines, while producing larger amounts of spleen IFN-γ, as an expression of a robust and protective adaptive immune response. Increase of MMCs corroborates the evidence for a protective spleen response induced by feed enriched with polyphenols.
The Doubling Time of Regenerating Clonogenic Cells in the Crypts of the Irradiated Mouse Small Intestine (1988)

The number of clonogenic cells per intestinal crypt has been estimated in control and gamma-irradiated mice, from the response to a single or two test doses. Control unirradiated mice contained 43 +/- 8 clonogenic cells per crypt, which was reduced to about 3 per crypt immediately after 8.0 Gy. After a mitotic delay which was approximately 18 h or 2.25 h/Gy the number of clonogenic cells per crypt increased exponentially with a doubling time of 21 +/- 4 h to reach the control values by about the 4th day postirradiation. The growth curve was related to the changes in total cellularity and the cell production rate per crypt. Since both of these rise during the period of clonogenic regrowth some clonogenic cells must be diverted into the dividing transit cell population, so that the cell cycle time will be shorter than the doubling time given above.
Impaired regulation of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase in obesity. (1981)

Among the numerous alterations in adipose tissue metabolism in obesity is an increased activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), the rate-limiting enzyme in triglyceride assimilation. The present paper summarizes a series of experiments demonstrating that the regulation of LPL activity is also impaired in obesity. In normal subjects, glucose intake leads to an increase in adipose tissue LPL activity; this phenomenon can also be demonstrated by incubation of adipose tissue in an insulin-containing buffer in vitro. In contrast, the initially high enzyme activity of adipose tissue from obese subjects is non-responsive to glucose and insulin in vivo and in vitro. However, incubation of adipose tissue from obese subjects in the absence of glucose and insulin led to a rapid decline in enzyme activity and elicited a normal response to subsequent exposure to glucose and insulin. These data indicate that the hyperinsulinemia of the obese tissue donor may be of importance for the abnormalities of LPL activity. However, experiments with VMH-lesioned rats demonstrated that insulin levels and LPL activities could be dissociated. In obese and normal-weight rats, standardized with regard to insulin levels by abolition of endogenous insulin production by streptozotocin treatment and substitution with identical doses of insulin, LPL activities and regulation differed markedly, indicating that factors other than insulin are also involved in the dysregulation of LPL activity in obesity.
Comparisons of amino acid and protein levels in oil-extracted seeds of <i>Brassica</i> and <i>Sinapis</i> species, with observations on environmental effects (2000)

Seeds from 21 selections of Brassica and Sinapis were analyzed for crude protein (CP; N × 6.25) and amino acid content following oil extraction and grinding. In exp. 1 three cultivars of B. napus, B. rapa and B. juncea were grown in four locations in 4 successive years, with duplicate samples taken from each plot. Brassica juncea contained more CP (P < 0.001) than B. napus or B. rapa (44.6 > 40.1 > 38.8%, respectively). Location affected CP level but not the ranking among cultivars. Year-to-year effects on CP levels (P < 0.001) were of lower magnitude than location effects. Treatments (cultivar, location, year) affected CP and amino acid levels differently. Amino acid levels expressed as percent of CP differed among many cultivars (P < 0.01). Threonine, valine, histidine, lysine and arginine were strongly influenced by location (P < 0.001), as were the dispensable amino acids serine, glutamine and tyrosine. In exp. 2, 10 cultivars and strains grown in one location and in three replicates resulted in greater CP levels in two B. juncea cultivars than in B. napus and B. rapa (42.9 and 43.2 vs. 39.7 and 38.8%), respectively, but lower levels of lysine and threonine in the CP (lysine: 5.4 vs. 6.3; threonine: 3.5 and 3.7 vs. 3.8 and 4.0%). Brassica napus and B. rapa ranked among the lowest in percent CP. In exp. 3, comparisons of eight samples from B. napus, B. rapa and Sinapis alba plots revealed a CP range of 38.1 to 45.0% but differences in amino acid content of the CP were relatively small. Key words: Brassica, Sinapis, protein, amino acids