gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Fat Ingestion on Lecithin:Cholesterol Acyl Transfer Rate in Plasma of Normal Persons (1976)

Lecithin:cholesterol acyl transfer (LCAT) rate in plasma and lipid concentrations in total plasma and high density lipoproteins (HDL) were determined before and after oral fat loads in healthy human subjects. The changes of LCAT rate after fat loading were compared to the effect of chylomicrons or lipid emulsions added in vitro to fasting plasma. After the fat loads there was an increase of mean molar LCAT rate simultaneous with an increase of mean phospholipid (PL) and HDL-PL concentration but not simultaneous with the increase of mean triglyceride (TG) concentration. Individual changes of molar LCAT rate correlated positively with changes of PL, HDL-PL, and unesterified cholesterol (UC) concentration but not with changes of TG concentration in the separate plasma samples after the fat loads. If only the maximal changes in each subject in any sample at any time after the loads were taken into account, the maximal increase of molar LCAT rate correlated positively with the maximal increase of TG concentration. Molar LCAT rate was not influenced by addition of chylomicrons in vitro but increased after addition of a PL emulsion. It is suggested that LCAT rate is stimulated by an excess of PL in plasma and substrate lipoproteins. This excess of PL may be created in vivo temporarily during chylomicron catabolism. The stimulation of LCAT rate by fat ingestion emphasizes the importance of LCAT as a connecting link between triglyceride and cholesterol metabolism.
Minimum delay communication in energy harvesting systems over fading channels (2011)

We consider an energy harvesting wireless system where data is stored in a data buffer and energy is harvested from various sources and stored in an energy buffer. The transmitter tries to minimize a delay criterion, e.g., average delay in the data buffer or probability of overflow, subject to the hard power constraints imposed by the available energy. We show that if the average rate of data arrival is larger than a certain threshold, then the probability of overflow is lower bounded by a constant and the average delay is infinite, and if it is smaller than this threshold, then there exists a sequence of simple policies such that the probability of overflow goes to zero faster than 1/L <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K</sup> for any K ≥ 2, where L is the length of the data buffer, and average delay is upper bounded by some constants. Furthermore, we extend the results into a multiple access channel (MAC) with two users, and study two situations, when the energy buffers of the two users are separate, and when the energy buffers of the two users can cooperate.
Comparative Evaluation of Protective Coatings during Accelerated Deterioration (2002)

Accelerated deterioration tests were carried out to evaluate the anticorrosive properties of alkyd, chlorinated rubber, urethane, and epoxy resin varnish coatings. During the deterioration test, the specimens were exposed to weathering conditions, that is, xenon light irradiation in a Weather-O-Meter. Three different methods were used to evaluate the anticorrosive performance of coatings and the results obtained were compared with each other. The gloss retention, change of chemical structure and impedance of coated specimens were monitored using gloss meter, FT/IR-ATR, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, respectively. It was shown that the evaluations of the coatings by three different methods reveal similar results. It was demonstrated that the anticorrosive properties of coatings changed dramatically according to resin.The anticorrosive performances of coatings were found to decrease in the order of urethane>alkyd>epoxy>chlorinated rubber resin coating.
Diffusion in glassy polymers. III (1969)

Abstract The diffusion studies of several solvents in epoxy polymer reported by Kewi and Zupko in Part I of this series are explained with the solution obtained from the generalized diffusion equation which includes the internal stress contribution. The rate of permeation of a penetrant through a polymer film and the time lag needed to reach steady state are also given for the generalized diffusion equation.
Navigation Techniques in Surgery of Cranio-Cervical Junction and Upper Cervical Spine (2009)

Spinal navigation has substantially advanced during the past ten years. Surgeons have gained sufficient skills and confidence, and have introduced this technology to the anatomically challenging region of the upper cervical spine and craniocervical junction. The detailed evaluation of individual anatomy, rational pre-operative planning and final intraoperative control improve the safety and precision of classical surgical procedures. As methods technologically evolve, indication criteria change accordingly, but the basic principles of a relevatn choice remain; these are to reduce morbidity due to its three main causes, i.e., mechanical, neurological and vascular. We present an overview of current techniques and discuss their applicability in the region of the upper cervical spine and craniocervical junction. The systems allowing us to obtain live images intra-operatively, such as fluoroscopy or intra.operative CT, seem to be most versatile and accurate, especially when combined with traditional virtual navigation systems. Based on case histories, the authors suggest trends in the development of this field, with a focus on minimally invasive techniques. Key words: navigation, upper cervical spine, craniocervical junction.
Coupled nonlinear cavities: new avenues to ultrashort pulses (2021)

Much of science consists of exploring the very big and the very small, be it in space or in time. This chapter describes how a new method for the production of ultrashort pulses of light emerged recently. This technique utilizes optical nonlinearity in a resonator coupled to the laser resonator for enhancement of mode locking. The chapter concentrates on a relatively recent method to produce ultrashort pulses that relies on optical nonlinearity, typically provided by a fiber, incorporated into the laser feedback. It outlines the historical development of this method and present recent results, including some from our lab. Nonlinearity is a leitmotiv of laser physics, and it is not a new idea to shape pulses by nonlinear techniques.
Combination chemotherapy with epirubicin, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil for the palliation of advanced gastric and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (1994)

The palliative efficacy of laser therapy with combination chemotherapy (cisplatin, epirubicin and continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil) was assessed in 34 patients with inoperable gastro-oesophageal cancer. Comparison was made with a group of 30 patients treated previously by laser alone. Twenty patients responded to chemotherapy. There was a significant improvement in dysphagia, as measured by a decreased laser requirement to maintain satisfactory swallowing. In this non-randomized prospective phase II trial, palliation was attained and some responses were long-lasting (median duration of response 8.7 (range 2.3 to more than 29.2) months).
Geometrical spreading corrections of offset reflections in a laterally inhomogeneous Earth (1992)

Abstract Compressional primary seismic nonzero offset reflections are the most essential wavefield attributes used in seismic parameter estimation and imaging. We show how the determination of angle-dependent reflection coefficients can be addressed from identifying such events for arbitrarily curved three-dimensional (3-D) subsurface reflectors below a laterally inhomogeneous layered overburden. More explicitly, we show how the geometrical-spreading factor along a reflected primary ray with offset can be calculated from the identified (i.e., picked) traveltimes of offset primary reflections. Seismic traces in which all primary reflections are corrected with the geometrical-spreading factor are, as is well-known, referred to as true-amplitude traces. They can be constructed without any knowledge of the velocity distribution in the earth model. Apart from possibly finding a direct application in an amplitude-versus-offset (AVO) analysis, the theory developed here can be of use to derive true-amplitude time- and depth-migration methods for various seismic data acquisition configurations, which pursue the aim of performing the wavefield migration (based upon the use of a macro-velocity model) and the AVO analysis in one step.
Optical feasibility study on a 4-layer cover-incident near-field recording system (2006)

We present a study on the feasibility of extending our current experimental cover-incident near-field recording system to a 4-layer system promising 500 GB storage capacity on a single sided 12 cm disc. We calculated the electromagnetic field inside a 4-layer disc of which the design was optimized to have a minimum in the irradiance near recording layers other than the one that the light is focused on. Furthermore an objective lens and compensation device were designed to accommodate writing and reading from all four layers.
Speed limit of the photorefractive effect in KNbO<sub>3</sub> (1992)

Abstract We present time resolved measurements of photorefractive grating build-up in reduced and unreduced KNbO3 crystals. After writing with 70 ps laser pulses at 532 nm the photorefractive diffraction efficiency reaches a stationary value in about 5 ns. The dynamics of grating build-up for different configurations exploiting isotropic and anisotropic Bragg diffraction and for different crystal temperatures is reported. We show that the build-up time is remarkably constant over many different experimental conditions.
Autonomous workload-driven reorganization of column groupings in MMDBS (2011)

A current trend to achieve high query performance even for huge data warehouse and business intelligence systems is to exploit main-memory-based processing techniques such as compression, cache-conscious strategies, and optimized data structures. However, update processing and skews in data distribution might lead to degenerations in such densely packed and highly compressed data structures affecting the memory efficiency and query performance negatively. Thus, reorganization tasks for repairing these data structures are necessary but should be carefully applied in order to not impact query execution or even system availability significantly. In this paper, we consider the special problem of tuple layout in banked storage structures. Based on runtime statistics capturing typical access patterns in the current workload, we present a bank reassignment approach that can be piggybacked to maintenance tasks without any administration overhead. We have implemented this approach in IBM Smart Analytics Optimizer (ISAOPT). The results of our experimental evaluation show that a simple automatic restructuring of the considered hybrid row-column-store structures offers opportunities to improve query runtimes when a slight memory overhead is acceptable.
Regulation of Myosin-Bound Protein Phosphatase by Insulin in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Evaluation of the Role of Rho Kinase and Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase-Dependent Signaling Pathways (2000)

In this study, we examined the molecular mechanism of myosin-bound protein phosphatase (MBP) regulation by insulin and evaluated the role of MBP in insulin-mediated vasorelaxation. Insulin rapidly stimulated MBP in confluent primary vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) cultures. In contrast, VSMCs isolated from diabetic and hypertensive rats exhibited impaired MBP activation by insulin. Insulin-mediated MBP activation was accompanied by a rapid time-dependent reduction in the phosphorylation state of the myosin-bound regulatory subunit (MBS) of MBP. The decrease observed in MBS phosphorylation was due to insulin-induced inhibition of Rho kinase activity. Insulin also prevented a thrombin-mediated increase in Rho kinase activation and abolished the thrombin-induced increase in MBS phosphorylation and MBP inactivation. These data are consistent with the notion that insulin inactivates Rho kinase and decreases MBS phosphorylation to activate MBP in VSMCs. Furthermore, treatment with synthetic inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3-kinase), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) all blocked insulin's effect on MBP activation. We conclude that insulin stimulates MBP via its regulatory subunit, MBS partly by inactivating Rho kinase and stimulating NO/cGMP signaling via PI3-kinase as part of a complex signaling network that controls 20-kDa myosin light chain (MLC20) phosphorylation and VSMC contraction.
Nutrition and Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The Significance of Cholesterol (2012)

Fatty liver is a typical feature of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) is considered to be a subtype of ALD in the initial stage, and the histological manifestations of AFLD include micro – and macrovesicular steatosis, the formation of Mallory bodies, hepatocellular ballooning, apoptosis and necrosis, and inflammation [1, 2]. These histological changes are apparent in over 90 % of liver biopsy samples following the consumption of alcohol for just 2–4 weeks at a dose of 60 g/day in males or 30 g/day in females [3, 4]. Although it is possible to recover from AFLD by avoiding alcohol intake and adequate nutrition supports [5], chronic alcohol intake induces marked liver damage and fibrosis and eventually leads to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [6, 7]. NAFLD, which occurs in people consuming less than 20 g/day of ethanol, shows almost identical histological features [8]. NAFLD includes nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in 10–20 % of patients, which can develop into cirrhosis and HCC [9–12]. The main cause of NAFLD is excess nutrition intake and is often accompanied by obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and/or dyslipidemia [13]. Therefore, nutritional management and therapeutic exercise are important components of the treatment of NAFLD.
Light‐guided lumpectomy: first clinical experience (2011)

Despite numerous advances, lumpectomy remains a challenging procedure. We report on the early use of light-guided lumpectomy. Eight patients with non-palpable breast cancer undergoing lumpectomy for biopsy-proven and radiographically identifiable cancer were enrolled in the study. An optical wire was designed that incorporated a standard hook-wire with an optical fiber. The optical wire was placed in the same manner as a standard hook-wire. During light-guided lumpectomy, an eye-safe laser illuminated the optical wire and created a sphere of light surrounding the cancer. The light was visible at the beginning of each surgery and facilitated approaching the cancer without using the wire. Dissection around the sphere of light kept the wire tip within the surgical specimen. Three of eight initial surgical specimens had focally positive margins. Additional cavity shaves were performed during five lumpectomies and resulted in negative margins in seven of eight patients. Light-guided lumpectomy is a minor change to breast conserving surgery that can be easily incorporated into clinical practice. Further investigation into the clinical benefit of light-guided lumpectomy is warranted.
Studies of <i>Sl/Sl</i> <i>d</i>↔ + / + mouse aggregation chimaeras : II. Effect of the steel locus on spermatogenesis (1988)

Mutant mice of Sl/Sld genotype are deficient in melanocytes, erythrocytes, mast cells and germ cells. Deficiency of melanocytes, erythrocytes and mast cells is not attributable to an intrinsic defect in their precursor cells but to a defect in the tissue environment that is necessary for migration, proliferation and/or differentiation. We investigated the mechanism of germ cell deficiency in male Sl/Sld mice by producing aggregation chimaeras from Sl/Sld and +/+ embryos. Chimaeric mice with apparent white stripes were obtained. Two of four such chimaeras were fertile and the phenotypes of resulting progenies showed that some Sl/Sld germ cells had differentiated into functioning sperms in the testis of the chimaeras. In cross sections of the testes of chimaeras, both differentiated and nondifferentiated tubules were observed. However, the proportions of type A spermatogonia to Sertoli cells in both types of tubules were comparable to the values observed in differentiated tubules of normal +/+ mice. We reconstructed the whole length of four tubules from serial sections. Differentiated and nondifferentiated segments alternated in a single tubule. The shortest differentiated segment contained about 180 Sertoli cells and the shortest nondifferentiated segment about 150 Sertoli cells. These results suggest that Sertoli cells of either Sl/Sld or +/+ genotype make discrete patches and that differentiation of type A spermatogonia does not occur in patches of Sl/Sld Sertoli cells.
NKX2-5 mutations causative for congenital heart disease retain functionality and are directed to hundreds of targets (2015)

We take a functional genomics approach to congenital heart disease mechanism. We used DamID to establish a robust set of target genes for NKX2-5 wild type and disease associated NKX2-5 mutations to model loss-of-function in gene regulatory networks. NKX2-5 mutants, including those with a crippled homeodomain, bound hundreds of targets including NKX2-5 wild type targets and a unique set of "off-targets", and retained partial functionality. NKXΔHD, which lacks the homeodomain completely, could heterodimerize with NKX2-5 wild type and its cofactors, including E26 transformation-specific (ETS) family members, through a tyrosine-rich homophilic interaction domain (YRD). Off-targets of NKX2-5 mutants, but not those of an NKX2-5 YRD mutant, showed overrepresentation of ETS binding sites and were occupied by ETS proteins, as determined by DamID. Analysis of kernel transcription factor and ETS targets show that ETS proteins are highly embedded within the cardiac gene regulatory network. Our study reveals binding and activities of NKX2-5 mutations on WT target and off-targets, guided by interactions with their normal cardiac and general cofactors, and suggest a novel type of gain-of-function in congenital heart disease.
ChemInform Abstract: CdCu<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>6</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>: A New Layered Hydroxide Chloride. (2012)

Abstract The new title compound is synthesized by hydrothermal reaction of CdCl 2 and Cu(OH) 2 (H 2 O, autoclave, 130 °C, 2 d).
Fabrication of phase-shifted long-period fibre grating using electric-arc technique (2017)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate the fabrication of long period gratings on the SMF using the electric-arc technique. By monitoring the transmission spectrum of the LPG, a deep notch over 16 dB was achieved within the operation wavelength band. Exploiting the point by point inscription method, π-phase-shift LPFG was achieved with a bandpass centered within two big notches. The proposed method has many advantages such as compact structure, cost-effective.
Cross-talk between fMLP and Vitronectin Receptors Triggered by Urokinase Receptor-derived SRSRY Peptide (2005)

The urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) sustains cell migration through its capacity to promote pericellular proteolysis, regulate integrin function, and mediate chemotactic signaling in response to urokinase. We have characterized the early signaling events triggered by the Ser-Arg-Ser-Arg-Tyr (SRSRY) chemotactic uPAR sequence. Cell exposure to SRSRY peptide promotes directional migration on vitronectin-coated filters, regardless of uPAR expression, in a specific and dose-dependent manner, with maximal effect at a concentration level as low as 10 nm. A similar concentration profile is observed in a quantitative analysis of SRSRY-dependent cytoskeletal rearrangements, mostly consisting of filamentous structures localized in a single cell region. SRSRY analogues with alanine substitutions fail to drive F-actin formation and cell migration, indicating a critical role for each amino acid residue. As with ligand-dependent uPAR signaling, SRSRY stimulates protein kinase C activity and results in ERK1/2 phosphorylation. The involvement of the high affinity N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe receptor (FPR) in this process is indicated by the finding that 100 nm N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe inhibits binding of D2D3 to the cell surface, as well as SRSRY-stimulated cell migration and F-actin polarization. Moreover, cell exposure to SRSRY promotes FPR-dependent vitronectin release and increased uPAR.alphavbeta5 vitronectin receptor physical association, indicating that alphavbeta5 activity is regulated by the SRSRY uPAR sequence via FPR. Finally, we provide evidence that alphavbeta5 is required for SRSRY-dependent ERK1/2 phosphorylation, whereas it is not required for protein kinase C activation. The data indicate that the ability of uPAR to stimulate cell migration and cytoskeletal rearrangements is retained by the SRSRY peptide alone and that it is supported by cross-talk between FPR and alphavbeta5.
Traditional Dairy Products by Lactic Acid Bacteria in Mongolia (2002)

The Mongolian milk processing technology has a specific characteristic as a result of the living habits of Central Asian nomads. There are many kinds of milk products in Mongolia due to their processing activity used milk from various dairy animal species. Mongolia has over 30 kinds of dairy products and fermented milk products which are occupied more than 36% of the Mongolian dairy products. Herdsmen who engaged extensive livestock production have specific methods to conserve and prepare the starter culture of fermented milk products in nomadic condition. Specifically, Mongolian lactic starter cultures were prepared from keeping milk products and specific wild plants. Nowadays, over 5 kinds of wild plants such as Rheum undulatum L. Rheum ribes L, Rumex acetosa L. Artemisa sibersena L, Artemisa vulgare are used for lactic starter preparing. Traditional processing methods of the Mongolian fermented milk products are based on the scientific basis and there are easy to learn and operate.
SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF IODInE-DOPED POLYCARBOnATES (2010)

The behavior of iodine in polycarbonates as thin films or in solution was inves tigated by spectroscopic methods. It is well known that the color of a solution containing iodine is dependent on the solvent. It is assumed that the difference in color is due to charge-transfer interactions. Solutions of 3, 5, and 25% (w/w) iodine in commercial polycarbonate (BPA-PC) and nitrile polycarbonate (CNPC) in dichloromethane were studied. Films of iodine-doped BPA-PC and CN-PC exhibited a difference in color, which could be attributed to a difference in the formation of the iodine charge transfer complex in the polymer films. Un like BPA-PC, CN-PC contains a dipole from the nitrile functional group, which may cause increased charge-transfer interactions. UV-Vis absorption spectra of the investigated polymer films showed different wavelengths of maximum ab sorption in the visible range. Infrared spectroscopy of iodine-doped PC films in comparison with pure PC films showed a shift in the band at 1774 cm -1 , which was assigned to the vibrational mode of the carbonyl group in the polymer chain. This shift may be due to an electrostatic interaction between iodine and the car bonyl group, which could result in the formation of a charge transfer complex.