gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTS OF INCREASED TRAINING VOLUME ON HEART RATE VARIABILITY AMONG YOUNG ENDURANCE ATHLETES (2002)

Heart rate variability (HRV) has been used as an indicator of autonomic nervous system activity. These HRV measurements have also provided a promising research tool for studying the overtraining syndrome. PURPOSE: To examine the influence of increased volume of aerobic training on HRV, self reported feelings of exertion, and recovery among young endurance athletes. METHODS: Seventeen trained endurance athletes (aged 18–20) participated in this study. During a 5-day training camp, the total time used for aerobic training was gradually increased from 1–1 hours to 2–3 hours per day. In the first and last morning of the training camp the athletes performed two active orthostatic tests (AOT) from either supine or sitting position to standing position. RR-data were recorded with Polar VNV heart rate monitors (Polar Electro, Kempele, Finland) and analyzed with Polar Precision Performance 2.1 Software. Every morning the athletes filled in a questionnaire on the feelings of exertion and recovery during the previous 24 hours. In the first and last evening a 5km running test at set submaximal heart rate was performed. RESULTS: The changes in HRV in AOT during the training camp were greater in sit-stand test than in sup-stand test. Significant decrease in sitting and standing heart rate and increase in sitting and standing high frequency power (HFP) from the first to the last morning were found. The results showed also a significant increase in the feelings of physical exertion and decrease in the feelings of recovery. Average time in the running test was shorter, and the rated physical exertion (RPE) after the running test was higher in the last as compared to the first evening. CONCLUSION: These results suggest higher parasympathetic tone at the end of the training camp. Average speed in the running test (5km) at set submaximal heart rate increased, suggesting short-term training effect in five days. In contrast to the HRV changes, increased RPE during the running test, increased physical exertion and compromised recovery feelings suggested overreaching. AOT from sitting to standing position seems to be more sensitive to indicate changes in HRV than the traditional AOT from supine to standing position.
Retinal oximetry: clinical studies (2008)

Abstract Purpose Disturbances in blood flow and oxygenation are believed to be involved in diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, retinal vascular occlusion and possibly glaucoma. The purpose of the studies presented here is to measure haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SatO2) in retinal vessels in patients with these diseases. Methods Our retinal oximeter is based on a fundus camera, which is coupled with beam splitters and narrow band‐pass light filters. The oximeter yields fundus images with 4 wavelengths of light simultaneously. Two wavelengths, 605nm and 586nm, are used for estimation of SatO2. Measurements were made on (A) 7 patients with CRVO, (B) 19 patients before and after glaucoma surgery and (C) 21 patient with diabetic retinopathy, who were compared with 20 healthy volunteers. Results (A) Venous SatO2 was 53±9% in CRVO eyes and 65±4% in fellow eyes (mean±SD, p=0.015, n=7). (B) Glaucoma surgery has a minimal effect on SatO2 in both arterioles (2% rise, p=0.046, n=19) and venules (no change). IOP was lowered by 13mmHg. (C) SatO2 in retinal venules was 60±8% in healthy volunteers (n=20), 67±7% in patients with non‐proliferative DR (n=12, p<0.05 compared to healthy) and 68±6% (n=9, p<0.05) in patients with proliferative DR after PRP treatment. Conclusion Human retinal vessel oximetry can detect changes in various ocular diseases and this may help us understand the pathophysiology. The decreased venous SatO2 in CRVO is probably caused by decreased blood flow. A small change in SatO2 after glaucoma surgery may indicate a large change in oxygen delivery since blood flow may be increased with IOP lowering. Higher venous SatO2 in DR patients may for example be explained with arteriovenous shunting of blood. Commercial interest
Hamilton-jacobi-bellman equations for two-point boundary value problems constrained by conservative dynamics (2017)

Connections between the principle of stationary action and optimal control are exploited and generalised to explore the relationship between Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman partial differential equations and two-point boundary value problems constrained by energy conserving dynamics. A duality concept arising from stationarity, and a fundamental solution for solving such problems, is subsequently proposed.
Size-scalable, 2.45-GHz electron cyclotron resonance plasma source using permanent magnets and waveguide coupling (1994)

A plasma is produced in 1–10 mTorr Ar using 200–700 W of power at 2.45 GHz in a 20-cm-diam vessel. Electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) conditions are produced with an array of permanent magnets arranged over the surface of the dielectric waveguide window. No electromagnet coils are used. The microwave circuit is nonresonant and can be easily matched to the power source using an E–H waveguide tuner. The 20-cm-diam plasma is 16 cm long, and is surrounded mainly by grounded metal walls. The plasma expands from the ECR source region at the window and completely fills the chamber. Measurements of the electron density, electron temperature, and plasma space potential have been made as functions of spatial position using Langmuir probes. The density ranges up to 6×1011 cm−3 and the electron temperature is in the 2 eV range. The density axial and radial profiles are described by an ambipolar diffusion model which accounts for ionization in the bulk plasma. By applying the same permanent magnet arrangement to a rectangular waveguide, rectangular modules can be made which can be arranged in an array to produce a large-area plasma source with independent power control for each waveguide channel.
Integrated Microsensors for Autonomous Microrobots (2003)

This report describes the development of a miniature mobile microrobot device and several microsystems needed to create a miniature microsensor delivery platform. This work was funded under LDRD No.10785, entitled, ''Integrated Microsensors for Autonomous Microrobots''. The approach adopted in this project was to develop a mobile platform, to which would be attached wireless RF remote control and data acquisition in addition to various microsensors. A modular approach was used to produce a versatile microrobot platform and reduce power consumption and physical size.
Endovascular stent-grafting for descending thoracic aortic aneurysms (2002)

Endovascular repair of descending TAA's is a promising less-invasive alternative to open repair. Extended follow-up is necessary to determine its definite efficacy in the longer term.
BEM/FEM simulation of acoustic field and shape optimization of submarine using neural network and genetic algorithm (2005)

Shape optimization of a submarine for minimized noise emission has been the objective of this work. Boundary element method and finite element methods have been employed to determine the acoustic field around the object. A combined neural network and genetic algorithm scheme is developed to find the optimum external geometric ratios of the submarine for a minimized emitted acoustic energy in certain reference points. The obtained optimum geometric values stay in normal range for minimum hydrodynamic forces and show a close agreement with the trend of change for models coming to operation.
Incorporation of cell-adhesion peptides into collagen scaffolds promotes corneal epithelial stratification (2007)

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of cell-adhesion peptides incorporated into collagen scaffolds on corneal epithelial cell stratification. Peptides (YIGSR, YIGSRIKVAV, IKVAVYIGSR and negative control YISGR) were first chemically attached to dendrimers. The peptide-modified dendrimers were then used as collagen cross-linkers. This permitted the incorporation of the peptides into the bulk structure of the collagen gels. The amount of peptide incorporated into the collagen gels was determined by 125I radiolabelling to be between 0.064 and 6.4 microg/mg collagen for YIGSR, and between 0.1187 to 11.87 microg/mg collagen for YIGSRIKVAV and IKVAVYIGSR. Corneal epithelial cell monolayers were grown on the surface of the collagen scaffolds and then exposed to conditions that promoted stratification as a stratified epithelial layer is desired in a tissue-engineered cornea. It was found that all of the incorporated peptides promoted stratification of the cells with the exception of the negative control YISGR. A synergistic effect of the combined sequences from laminin was observed, with the orientation of the peptide sequences having a great impact on the ability of the materials to promote cell stratification.
An Experimental Design Approach to Retrospective Exposure Assessment (1996)

Abstract There are several methods currently in use for retrospective estimation of quantitative exposure levels in occupational and environmental epidemiologic studies. The most popular is a job-exposure matrix approach using a combination of existing data and professional judgment. Another method is the use of statistical models based on available exposure data. The authors present an alternative approach using an experimental design in which several factors thought to affect exposure levels are identified and set at specific levels in a cross-classified design. This approach was used to estimate historical exposures to formaldehyde in a mortality study of embalmers. Exposures were estimated as a function of solution concentration, air exchange rate, and autopsied versus intact body. There were 12 combinations involving these 3 factors and a total of 25 embalming procedures (approximately 2 replicates of each combination) performed at a college of mortuary science. In addition to these design factors several covariates such as temperature, humidity, and the occurrence of spills were considered in an analysis of covariance statistical model. The results of the model prediction were validated against published measurements, and field samples were taken in several funeral homes. The overall accuracy of the model predictions was comparable to the variation found in replicate measurements of identical embalming procedures. Keywords: embalmersepidemiologic studiesformaldehyde exposurequantitative exposure levels
Thermodynamic work of separation during the distillation of an ideal binary solution in a multistep cascade (2013)

The decrement in Gibbs energy during the distillation of an isotopic mixture in a separation cascade is calculated. A thermodynamic interpretation of the total useful work performed by the cascade during fine separation is proposed.
A facile methodology for the synthesis and detection of N7-guanine adduct of sulfur mustard as a biomarker (2002)

A simple and convenient method has been developed for the synthesis of a N7-guanine adduct of sulfur mustard (SM), which can serve as an efficient biomarker for alleged exposure to SM. The adduct obtained in high yields (~78%) was characterized on the basis of its physical properties and spectral data. In addition, HPLC and LC-MS conditions have been standardized for the detection of the adduct in both in vitro and in vivo samples, which is useful for retrospective detection of exposure to SM in biological samples.Key words: sulfur mustard, biomarker, N7-guanine adduct, in vitro, in vivo, HPLC, LC-MS, electrospray, 2D NMR.
Temperature and Gibberellin-induced Respiratory Changes in Capsicum annuum during Germination at Varying Oxygen Concentrations (1983)

Abstract Concentrations of O 2 greater than 21% stimulated germination rate of Capsicum annuum L. (sweet pepper) at 25°C but inhibited germination rate at 15°. At a 10% O 2 concentration, germination rates were reduced at both temperatures. Gibberellins A 4 A 7 (GA 4+7 ) increased germination rates at 15° and 25° in air. At 25° in 100% O 2 , germination rates of GA-treated and nontreated seeds were the same. At 15° and 100% O 2 , germination rates were increased slightly by GA 4+7 application; however, the rates were slower than in air. Total respiratory activity at 25° was higher in 100% O 2 than in air. High O 2 concentrations did not affect the proportion of respiration which was in the cyanide-sensitive and -resistant pathways. Cyanide-resistant respiration comprised only a small percentage of total respiratory activity. At 15°, total respiration and the cyanide-sensitive and -resistant components were similar regardless of O 2 treatment. The addition of GA increased respiratory activity only after radicle emergence occurred. Thus, germination rate of pepper seed can be increased by increasing temperature, higher O 2 concentrations at the higher temperature, and GA 4+7 at normal and low temperatures. GA appears to affect germination through metabolic events which occur before radicle emergence and which do not include alteration of respiratory activity.
Huit semaines à méditer (2014)

Regarder en face ses difficultes…  pour mieux lâcher prise. C'est ce paradoxe que favorisent des techniques de meditation tres en vogue. L'enseignement du Bouddha, surnomme  le grand medecin , peut se resumer en quatre points : la souffrance, l'origine de la souffrance, la liberation de la souffrance et le chemin menant a la liberation de la souffrance, qui passe par la pratique de la meditation. Sous le nom de  pleine conscience  (mindfulness), les methodes therapeutiques basees sur cette pratique connaissent actuellement un grand succes. La  reduction du stress par la pleine conscience  (1), programme tres precis d'une duree de huit semaines, est maintenant proposee dans des centaines d'hopitaux aux Etats-Unis et en Europe, et se repand jusque dans les ecoles, les entreprises et les prisons...
Editorial Comments (1990)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Mar 1990Editorial Comments Stuart S. Howards Stuart S. HowardsStuart S. Howards More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)54818-1AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Editorial Comments." The Journal of Urology, 143(3), pp. 529–530 © 1990 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 143Issue 3March 1990Page: 529-530 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1990 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Stuart S. Howards More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Eribulin Binds at Microtubule Ends to a Single Site on Tubulin To Suppress Dynamic Instability (2009)

Eribulin mesylate (E7389), a synthetic analogue of the marine natural product halichondrin B, is in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. Eribulin targets microtubules, suppressing dynamic instability at microtubule plus ends through an inhibition of microtubule growth with little or no effect on shortening [Jordan, M. A., et al. (2005) Mol. Cancer Ther. 4, 1086-1095]. Using [(3)H]eribulin, we found that eribulin binds soluble tubulin at a single site; however, this binding is complex with an overall K(d) of 46 microM, but also showing a real or apparent very high affinity (K(d) = 0.4 microM) for a subset of 25% of the tubulin. Eribulin also binds microtubules with a maximum stoichiometry of 14.7 +/- 1.3 molecules per microtubule (K(d) = 3.5 microM), strongly suggesting the presence of a relatively high-affinity binding site at microtubule ends. At 100 nM, the concentration that inhibits microtubule plus end growth by 50%, we found that one molecule of eribulin is bound per two microtubules, indicating that the binding of a single eribulin molecule at a microtubule end can potently inhibit its growth. Eribulin does not suppress dynamic instability at microtubule minus ends. Preincubation of microtubules with 2 or 4 microM vinblastine induced additional lower-affinity eribulin binding sites, most likely at splayed microtubule ends. Overall, our results indicate that eribulin binds with high affinity to microtubule plus ends and thereby suppresses dynamic instability.
Drugs and diseases: Summary and consensus statements of group 1. The 5<sup>th</sup><scp>EAO</scp> Consensus Conference 2018 (2018)

Results and conclusions of the individual reviews of the three topics are presented in the respective papers. Conclusions of the group on strengths and weaknesses of available evidence as well as consensus statements and directions for further research are provided in this study. The following papers were subject to group discussions and formed the basis for the consensus statements: Stähli A, Strauss FJ, Gruber R. () The use of platelet-rich-plasma to enhance the outcomes of implant-related therapies: a systematic review Strauss FJ, Stähli A, Gruber R. (2018) The use of platelet-rich-fibrin to enhance the outcomes of implant-related therapies: a systematic review Mombelli A, Hashim D, Cionca N. () What is the impact of titanium particles and bio-corrosion on implant survival and complications? A critical review Stavropoulos A, Bertl K, Pietschmann P, Pandis N, Morten Schiødt, Klinge B. () The effect of antiresorptive drugs on implant therapy: a systematic review.
Worker Viewpoints (2017)

One of the problems a requester faces when crowdsourcing a microtask is that, due to the underspecified or ambiguous task description, workers may misinterpret the microtask at hand. We call a set of such interpretations worker viewpoints. In this paper, we argue that assisting requesters to gather a worker's interpretation of the microtask can help in providing useful feedback to designers, who may restate the task description if necessary. In our method, we create a corpus of viewpoints annotated with the types of viewpoints that reflect the logical structure embedded in them. Our experimental results suggest that the logic-oriented annotation is effective in choosing useful viewpoints from a possibly huge set of collected viewpoints, in the sense that removing viewpoints of particular types did not affect the quality of revised task instructions. We also show that the logic-oriented annotation can perform comparably with an entropy-based method, without several workers performing the same task in parallel.
On the distributions of some statistics related to adaptive filters trained with $t$-distributed samples (2021)

In this paper we analyse the behaviour of adaptive filters or detectors when they are trained with $t$-distributed samples rather than Gaussian distributed samples. More precisely we investigate the impact on the distribution of some relevant statistics including the signal to noise ratio loss and the Gaussian generalized likelihood ratio test. Some properties of partitioned complex $F$ distributed matrices are derived which enable to obtain statistical representations in terms of independent chi-square distributed random variables. These representations are compared with their Gaussian counterparts and numerical simulations illustrate and quantify the induced degradation.
Epigenetic alteration of the donor cells does not recapitulate the reprogramming of DNA methylation in cloned embryos (2007)

Epigenetic reprogramming is a prerequisite process during mammalian development that is aberrant in cloned embryos. However, mechanisms that evolve abnormal epigenetic reprogramming during preimplantation development are unclear. To trace the molecular event of an epigenetic mark such as DNA methylation, bovine fibroblasts were epigeneticallyaltered by treatment with trichostatin A (TSA) and then individually transferred into enucleated bovine oocytes. In the TSA-treated cells, expression levels of histone deacetylases and DNA methyltransferases were reduced, but the expression level of histone acetyltransferases such as Tip60 and histone acetyltransferase 1 (HAT1) did not change compared with normal cells. DNA methylation levels of non-treated (normal) and TSA-treated cells were 64.0 and 48.9% in the satellite I sequence (P < 0.05) respectively, and 71.6 and 61.9% in the alpha-satellite sequence respectively. DNA methylation levels of nuclear transfer (NT) and TSA-NT blastocysts in the satellite I sequence were 67.2 and 42.2% (P < 0.05) respectively, which was approximately similar to those of normal and TSA-treated cells. In the alpha-satellite sequence, NT and TSA-NT embryos were substantially demethylated at the blastocyst stage as IVF-derived embryos were demethylated. The in vitro developmental rate (46.6%) of TSA-NT embryos that were individually transferred with TSA-treated cells was higher than that (31.7%) of NT embryos with non-treated cells (P < 0.05). Our findings suggest that the chromatin of a donor cell is unyielding to the reprogramming of DNA methylation during preimplantation development, and that alteration of the epigenetic state of donor cells may improve in vitro developmental competence of cloned embryos.
Activity of the matrix metalloproteinase‐9 promoter in human normal and tumor cells (2003)

Abstract Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) belong to a family of proteins essential for those processes involving extracellular matrix degradation, such as embryonic development, morphogenesis, and tissue resorption and remodeling. Some members of this family play a crucial role also in tumor invasion. Most notably, MMP‐9 is expressed in invasive tumors, and represents a key protein in brain tumor progression, whereas it is not expressed in adult normal tissues. The expression of the MMP‐9, like other members of the family, is transcriptionally regulated. We, therefore, postulated that the MMP‐9 promoter could be useful in driving selective expression of exogenous genes in tumor cells. This represents a key feature for gene therapy applications, since currently employed viral promoters induce severe organ toxicity, limiting the clinical benefits. In this study, we investigated the activity of the MMP‐9 promoter in driving exogenous gene expression in human cell lines. High levels of reporter gene expression were detected in tumor derived cell lines, whereas the MMP‐9 promoter activity in non‐tumor cells was negligible. Furthermore, we show that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is able to enhance considerably the MMP‐9 promoter activity only in tumor cells. Since recent studies have indicated that MMP‐9 enzymatic activity is detectable in the blood, it would be possible to screen potential responsive patients for a tumor gene therapy approach based on the MMP‐9 promoter. Taken together these data suggest that MMP‐9 promoter has the characteristics for transcritpionally targeted and inducible gene therapy applications. J. Cell. Physiol. 199: 126–133, 2004© 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early Hindi and Urdu Poetry.No. IV. (1932)

Banārsī dās of Jaunpūr belonged to the Jain community and was born in 1586. The following charming extracts are taken from his most famous work, Arddh Kathānak , an autobiography completed in 1641. His wonderful power of word painting is exemplified in these passages. The first describes the commotion in Jaunpūr when the news of Akbar's death was received in 1605. We feel the spell of the description, and tremble with the frightened populace. This picture should be compared with Zaṭallī's account of the turmoil after the death of Aurangzeb. (See below.) The second tells of the Black Death, bubonic plague, in Agra during 1616, the first time the city was visited by that pestilence. Anyone who has been in India during a plague epidemic will realize the force of his words, the rats dying, the spread of the disease among the people, the glandular swellings, the sudden deaths, the mortality among the physicians, the despair and flight of the townsfolk afraid even to partake of food.