gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Fast and Robust ODF Estimation Algorithm in Q-Ball Imaging (2006)

We propose a simple and straightforward analytic solution for the Q-ball reconstruction of the diffusion orientation distribution function (ODF) of the underlying fiber population. First, the signal is modeled with a high order spherical harmonic series using a Laplace-Beltrami regularization method which leads to an elegant mathematical simplification of the Funk-Radon transform using the Funk-Hecke formula. In doing so, we obtain a fast and robust model-free ODF approximation. We validate the accuracy of the estimation quantitatively against synthetic data generated from the multi-tensor model and show that our estimated ODF can recover known multiple fiber regions in a biological phantom and in the human brain.
Pacemaker Channels Produce an Instantaneous Current (2002)

Spontaneous rhythmic activity in mammalian heart and brain depends on pacemaker currents (I(h)), which are produced by hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels. Here, we report that the mouse HCN2 pacemaker channel isoform also produced a large instantaneous current (I(inst(HCN2))) in addition to the well characterized, slowly activating I(h). I(inst(HCN2)) was specific to expression of HCN2 on the plasma membrane and its amplitude was correlated with that of I(h). The two currents had similar reversal potentials, and both were modulated by changes in intracellular Cl(-) and cAMP. A mutation in the S4 domain of HCN2 (S306Q) decreased I(h) but did not alter I(inst(HCN2)), and instantaneous currents in cells expressing either wild type HCN2 or mutant S306Q channels were insensitive to block by Cs(+). Co-expression of HCN2 with the accessory subunit, MiRP1, decreased I(h) and increased I(inst(HCN2)), suggesting a mechanism for modulation of both currents in vivo. These data suggest that expression of HCN channels may be accompanied by a background conductance in native tissues and are consistent with at least two open states of HCN channels: I(inst(HCN2)) is produced by a Cs(+)-open state; hyperpolarization produces an additional Cs(+)-sensitive open state, which results in I(h).
THE TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT OF THE PRODUCTION OF ERYTHEMA BY ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION1 (1936)

Journal Article THE TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT OF THE PRODUCTION OF ERYTHEMA BY ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION Get access JANET HOWELL CLARK JANET HOWELL CLARK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 24, Issue 2, September 1936, Pages 334–342, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a118268 Published: 01 September 1936 Article history Received: 08 June 1936 Published: 01 September 1936
Targeted therapies: a new generation of cancer treatments. (2008)

Targeted therapies, which include monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors, have significantly changed the treatment of cancer over the past 10 years. These drugs are now a component of therapy for many common malignancies, including breast, colorectal, lung, and pancreatic cancers, as well as lymphoma, leukemia, and multiple myeloma. The mechanisms of action and toxicities of targeted therapies differ from those of traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy. Targeted therapies are generally better tolerated than traditional chemotherapy, but they are associated with several adverse effects, such as acneiform rash, cardiac dysfunction, thrombosis, hypertension, and proteinuria. Small molecule inhibitors are metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes and are subject to multiple drug interactions. Targeted therapy has raised new questions about the tailoring of cancer treatment to an individual patient's tumor, the assessment of drug effectiveness and toxicity, and the economics of cancer care. As more persons are diagnosed with cancer and as these patients live longer, primary care physicians will increasingly provide care for patients who have received targeted cancer therapy.
An Evaluation on the Determinants of FinancialDevelopment: Literature Survey (2009)

In the economic development process, important role of financial sector has long been emphasized in the literature. Especially with the emergence of endogenous growth theory, this relationship has again become very attractive and it is stated that financial development is one of the determinants of economic growth. However this whole literature did not sufficiently explain how the financial development occurs. Financial liberalization hypothesis has been a starting point to explain the financial development. In addition, recently, it is seen that studies which examine the process of financial development has increasingly increased and, within this vein, it is emphasized that legal origin, liberalizations of foreign trade and capital account, institutional structure, deposit insurance, efficient supervision and regulation and policy framework for macro economy influence financial development
Shangri-la: From Utopia to Wasteland? (2016)

The rapid urbanization movement in China’s uplands and up-streams, home to ethnic groups, are problematic for ecological and cultural reasons. Shangri-La County in southwest China is one such destination that has experienced such environmental and sociocultural challenges. The scale and speed of urbanization that has occurred in Shangri-La has outpaced what local communities can adapt to. As a consequence, a significant regional wetland as well as a culturally important water burial site are in serious distress.
A Novel Method of Determining Parameters of CLAHE Based on Image Entropy (2013)

Histogram equalization, which stretches the dynamic range of intensity, is the most common method for enhancing the contrast of image. Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE), proposed by K. Zuierveld, has two key parameters: block size and clip limit. These parameters are mainly used to control image quality, but have been heuristically determined by users. In this paper, we propose a novel method of determining two parameters of the CLAHE using entropy of image. The key idea is based on the characteristics of entropy curves: clip limit vs entropy and block size vs entropy. Clip limit and block size are determined at the point with maximum curvature on entropy curve. Experimental results show that the proposed method improves images with very low contrast.
A rapid method for the <i>in vivo</i> measurement of liver volume (1989)

A method is described to calculate liver volume at US using real-time equipment. The method is based on the measurement of the 3 maximum diameters of the liver. Equations were derived by correlation vs CT volume measurement using the 3 diameters (multiple regression) or their product (simple regression) as independent variables in 20 subjects with and without liver disease. It is suggested that liver volume may be estimated as: y = -2364 + 89.2.(C-C) + 119.9.(A-P) + 59.6.(L-L) or y = 133.2 + 0.422.(C-C.A-P.L-L) where y is the volume (in ml), and C-C, A-P, and L-L are the 3 diameters (in cm). The two equations were validated in a second set of 22 subjects. US volume estimated according to Eq. 2 explained approximately 82% of the variance of the actual liver volume. The method is reproducible (interobserver variations less than 8%), rapid and easy-to-repeat. These features make it potentially useful in prospective longitudinal studies.
Increased responses in trigeminocervical nociceptive neurons to cervical input after stimulation of the dura mater (2003)

Pain referral and spread in headache patients may be attributed to a sensitization of central nociceptive neurons with an increased excitability to afferent input. We investigated if noxious dural stimulation evokes sensitization of second-order neurons that leads to an increased responsiveness to stimulation of cervical afferents. Recordings were made from 29 nociceptive neurons in the C2 dorsal horn of the rat that received convergent synaptic input from trigeminal and cervical afferents. Trigeminal afferents of the supratentorial dura mater were activated by mustard oil (MO) and the responses of second-order neurons to stimulation of the greater occipital nerve (GON) were studied before and after dural stimulation. Projection sites to the contralateral thalamus were determined by antidromic stimulation. After dural application with MO, mechanical thresholds of the dura significantly decreased (P < 0.05) and an enlargement of the trigeminal and cervical cutaneous mechanoreceptive fields was observed in 71% of neurons. The responses to noxious mechanical stimulation of deep paraspinal muscles increased after MO application (P < 0.001). Similarly, an increase in the excitability to electrical stimulation of the GON was observed in C-fibre responses (P < 0.001). These results suggest that stimulation of nociceptive afferent C-fibres of the dura mater leads to a sensitization of second-order neurons receiving cervical input. This mechanism might be involved in the referral of pain from trigeminal to cervical structures and might contribute to the clinical phenomena of cervical hypersensitivity in migraine and cluster headache. Understanding this interaction is likely to be pivotal in characterizing the physiology of treatment with manipulations involving cervical input, such as GON injection.
Multihop wireless IEEE 802.11 LANs: A prototype implementation (2000)

In this paper, we present a prototype for a new architecture, MCN (Multihop Cellular Network) implemented over a wireless LAN platform. MCN preserves the virtue of traditional single-hop cellular networks where the service infrastructure is constructed by many BSs (Base Stations) but it also adds the flexibility of ad hoc networks where wireless transfer through mobile stations in multiple hops is allowed. MCN can reduce the number of required BSs or improve the throughput performance. In the prototype of MCN, a bridging protocol, BMBP (Base-driven Multihop Bridging Protocol) runs between mobile stations and access points to enable multihop routing and roaming. Demonstration show that MCN is a feasible architecture for wireless LANs.
A Methodology for the Design of Engine Cooling Systems in Standalone Applications (2010)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">In this paper, a methodology for the design process of engine cooling systems is presented, which is based on the interaction among three programs: a code developed for radiator sizing and rating, a 3D commercial code used for the air circuit modeling, and a 1D commercial code used for the modeling and simulation of the complete engine cooling system. The aim of the developed methodology, in addition to ensure the system thermal balance, is the improvement of the design process of the cooling system itself, while shortening the development times, in non-automotive applications. An application to the design of a locomotive engine cooling system is presented. The system designed has been assembled and tested, showing the validity of the methodology, as well as the compliance of the designed system with the initially specified thermo-hydraulic constraints and requirements.</div></div>
Modulation of Non‐<i>N</i>‐Methyl‐D‐Aspartate Receptors in Cultured Cerebellar Granule Cells (1990)

Kainic acid (KA), quisqualic acid (QUIS), and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) stimulated D-[3H]aspartate release from cultured cerebellar granule cells in a concentration-dependent way. The EC50 values were 50 microM for KA (Gallo et al., 1987) and 20 microM for both QUIS and AMPA, but the efficacy of QUIS appeared to be greater than that of AMPA. The release of D-[3H]aspartate induced by KA, QUIS, and AMPA was blocked, in a dose-dependent way, by the new glutamate receptor antagonist 6-cyano-2,3-dihydroxy-7-nitroquinoxaline (CNQX); IC50 values were 0.7 microM in the case of AMPA (50 microM) and 1 microM in the case of KA (50 microM). AMPA (50-300 microM) inhibited the effect of 50 microM KA on D-[3H]aspartate release. At 300 microM AMPA, the effect of KA plus AMPA was not antagonized by the KA receptor antagonist kynurenic acid (KYN). In contrast, when KA was used at an ineffective concentration (10 microM), the addition of AMPA at concentrations below the EC50 value (10-20 microM) resulted in a synergistic effect on D-[3H]aspartate release. In this case, the evoked release of D-[3H]aspartate was sensitive to KYN. KA stimulated the formation of cyclic GMP, whereas QUIS, AMPA, and glutamate were ineffective. The accumulation of cyclic GMP elicited by KA (100 microM) was prevented not only by the antagonists CNQX (IC50 = 1.5 microM) and KYN (IC50 = 200 microM), but also by the agonists AMPA (IC50 = 50 microM) QUIS (IC50 = 3.5 microM), and glutamate (IC50 = 100 microM). We conclude that AMPA, like QUIS, may act as a partial agonist at KA receptors. Moreover, CNQX effectively antagonizes non-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated responses in cultured cerebellar granule cells.
Development of Metallic Substrate Supported Thin-Film SOFC by Applying Plasma Spray Techniques (1999)

A novel concept for a metallic substrate supported thin-film SOFC to be operated at a reduced operating temperature of 700 – 800 °C has been developed by applying an advanced vacuum plasma spray process. This fabrication process enables the deposition of thin and dense electrolyte layers of about 30 – 50 μm in thickness as well as of controlled porosity electrodes in only one consecutive process step. The state of development of plasma sprayed thin-film cells is presented. The electrochemical characterization of the cells revealed a high electrochemical cell performance using H2 and air as the operating gases of 300 – 400 mW/cm2 at a reduced operating temperature of 750 – 800 °C.
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>M</mml:mi></mml:math>-Connected Coverage Problem in Wireless Sensor Networks (2012)

Solving coverage problem alone is not adequate in a wireless sensor network, since data has to be transmitted to the base station. This leads to the lookout for an energy efficient method to solve connected coverage problem. This paper addresses <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>M</mml:mi></mml:math>-connected (each sensor node will have at least <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>M</mml:mi></mml:math> other sensor nodes within its communication range) target coverage problem in wireless sensor networks, where the required level of connectivity and coverage may be high or low as required. We propose a heuristic for <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>M</mml:mi></mml:math>-connected target coverage problem, where initially a cover is decided and later on it is checked for <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>M</mml:mi></mml:math>-connectivity. <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>M</mml:mi></mml:math>-connectivity for simple coverage, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:math>-coverage, and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi></mml:math>-coverage is focussed on in this paper. We use a Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) inspired model, where a cluster is considered as a set of sensor nodes satisfying <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>M</mml:mi></mml:math>-connectivity and required level of coverage. It is enough if one among these nodes transmits the monitored information to the base station. When the required level of coverage are high, chances of nodes being connected in the cover is high. Simulation results show that our proposed method can achieve better results than Communication Weighted Greedy Cover (CWGC).
Kodaly Principles Revisited (1981)

The music teaching based on Kodaly principles has grown into quite a movement in Australia. Kodaly's principles embrace the musical life of a nation and aim to provide universal musical literacy in order that every individual in the community can actively participate in music making.
Displacement Measurement Algorithm Using Handheld Device with Accelerometer (2010)

Analysis a large amounts of data acquired by a accelerometer embeded in a handheld device for figuring out the characteristics of the acceleration samples. In order to get a higher precision result of displacement after twice integration, samples are imposed a series of filtering and amendments on the basisi of the application. While de-noising the noise inducted by the accelerometer infrastructure, a dynamic adjustment mechanism is introduced to adust the filter parameters. That makes the stillness detection algorithm more effective. Experiments show that although the robustness needs to be improved, the algorithm has reached a good accuracy, this research lays a foundation for further study.
Review of Clinically Relevant Drug Interactions with Next Generation Hepatitis C Direct-acting Antiviral Agents (2020)

In this review, we examine the pharmacokinetics and clinically relevant drug interactions of the newer generation direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C, specifically sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (Epclusa<sup>®</sup>), sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir (Vosevi<sup>®</sup>), glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (Maviret<sup>®</sup>), and elbasvir/grazoprevir (Zepatier<sup>®</sup>). We searched MEDLINE (1948-January 2020), Embase (1964-January 2020), Google, and GoogleScholar using the terms pharmacokinetics, drug interaction, drug metabolism, sofosbuvir, velpatasvir, Epclusa, voxilaprevir, Vosevi, glecaprevir, pibrentasvir, Maviret, elbasvir, grazoprevir, and Zepatier, from inception to January 13, 2020. The search was limited to randomized controlled trials, <i>in vitro</i> studies, prospective and retrospective human studies, drug monographs, abstracts, and conference proceedings. All relevant published literature on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions involving DAAs were reviewed and the data extracted. Numerous clinically relevant drug-drug interactions (DDIs) were identified with the newer generation DAAs and commonly prescribed drugs. NS3/4A protease inhibitors are more likely to be involved in DDIs, followed by NS5A inhibitors and NS5B polymerase inhibitor. The majority of clinically relevant DDIs are predictable, according to known pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamics, and physicochemical properties of DAAs; however, in select cases, unpredictable DDIs do occur. As expected, many drug interactions exist between newer generation DAAs and commonly prescribed medications. While the majority of clinically relevant interactions are predictable, many require therapeutic dose adjustment or careful selection of non-interacting drugs. In select cases, severe and unpredictable drug interactions can occur. Clinicians should consult hepatitis C virus pharmacotherapy experts and tertiary drug interaction resources when initiating DAA therapy in patients taking other medications.
A novel multi-DOF precision positioning methodology using two-axis hall-effect sensors (2005)

A novel sensing methodology using two-axis Hall-effect sensors is proposed, where the absolute positioning of a device atop any magnet matrix is possible. This methodology has the capability of micrometer-order positioning resolution as well as unrestricted translational and rotational range in planar 3-DOF (degree-of-freedom) motions, with potential capability of measuring all 6-DOF motions. This paper presents the methodology and preliminary experimental results of 3-DOF planar motion measurements atop a Halbach magnet matrix using two sets of two-axis Hall-effect sensors. This methodology uses the Gaussian least squares differential correction (GLSDC) algorithm to estimate the relative position and orientation from the Hall-effect sensor measurements. The sensor and its algorithm are implemented to a magnetic levitation (maglev) stage positioned atop a Halbach magnet matrix. Preliminary experimental results show its position resolution capability of less than 10 /spl mu/m and position accuracy of less than 1.4 mm. Controllers were designed to close the control loop for the translational motion using the GLSDC outputs at a sampling frequency of 800 Hz on a Pentek 4284 digital signal processor (DSP). Calibration was done by comparing the laser interferometers' and the Hall-effect sensors' outputs to improve the positioning accuracy. The results exhibit good repeatability.
Improve the Robustness of Indoor Localization Using DRSS (2014)

In this paper, we present a fingerprint positioning technique based on differential received signal strength (DRSS).By using DRSS fingerprints, the problem of degraded accuracy caused by heterogeneous devices in indoor WLAN localization. The robustness of DRSS fingerprints is proved, both theoretically and practically, to be better than that of RSS, thus the applicability as well as accuracy is improved in a WLAN indoor localization system with various devices.
Dynamic Model and Simulation of Tracked Collector for Deep Seabed Mining (2008)

Deep seabed mining has important sense for mine resource development.China has developed a prototype of tracked mining collector.Considering the special deep seabed environment and special mechanical design,primary study on dynamic model of the collector was proposed based on the mud geotechnical characteristics analysis and the collector mechanic analysis.The model is validated by the simulation results.
Intelligent Offload Detection for Achieving Approximately Optimal Load Balancing (2018)

Load balancing is one of the critical issues, which dominates system performance in a storage cluster. To overcome load imbalance, many algorithms have to maintain real-time load conditions that often lead to high-communication overheads. Furthermore, they may require many replicas that significantly decrease storage utilization. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm called intelligent offload detection (IOD) that not only achieves approximately optimal load balancing but also contributes to improve communication overheads and storage utilization. Once non-hotspot data become hotspot data, IOD automatically establishes new partial replicas and replicates them to nodes with minimum load levels in sequence. Next, the arriving requests may be divided into a different number of sub-requests based on the load levels of related nodes. The IOD algorithm works with a partial replica policy so that it is effective to overcome skewed data access originated from hotspot data. Moreover, this policy enhances storage utilization. By classifying the loads into corresponding load levels, IOD is unnecessary for frequent load updates that decrease communication overheads. Simulation results demonstrate that the load balancing in IOD outperforms self-adaptive replication management (SARM) and approaches to optimal load balancing (OLB) under various network conditions. Besides, the amount of required replicas in IOD is relatively smaller than that in SARM and OLB.
The recovery group (2012)

In this paper we describe the contemporary importance of the recovery approach in mental health services. Recovery is one of the main service drivers. Thus far, much of the focus has been on individuals and their unique recovery journeys. Groupwork, may have a key role to play in the continued development of the recovery approach. We present the Recovery Group, an innovative approach to involving service users in recovery. A ‘colour piece’ illustrates a single groupwork session. If clinicians and policy makers are to truly place service users centre stage in the recovery process, more innovative methods of engagement are needed.