gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional and structural effects of percutaneous edge-to-edge double-orifice repair under cardiac cycle in comparison with suture repair (2011)

Percutaneous procedures for double-orifice mitral valve repair using the MitraClip device (clip) have been recently introduced as new treatment options as alternatives to medical management and open-heart surgery, especially for patients with high estimated operative risk. Similarly to the open-heart surgical technique, where suturing is used, the clip creates a double-orifice configuration that not only improves the closing function of the valve, but also significantly modifies its behaviour, particularly in the diastolic phase. While several clinical trials have been conducted, and are ongoing, in order to assess the safety and effectiveness of this technique, a deeper knowledge of the structural and functional effects on the valve, and of the cyclic loads transmitted to the clip itself, would allow a comparison with other repair techniques, and could serve as a foundation for possible further optimization of the clip design. The effects of the MitraClip device developed by Evalve Inc. were studied by means of a finite element model of the mitral valve, specifically developed to study the structural effects of the original, suture-based, edge-to-edge technique. A second model was developed in order to simulate the effects of a suture with similar extension from the leaflet edge in a direction to the annulus, in order to compare the two repair techniques. The mitral valve area and transvalvular pressure gradient predicted by the models for the clip and the suture are quite similar. Similar leaflet cyclic stresses, both in value and in location, were noted for the two mechanisms of linking the leaflets, while minor differences were found in the load transmitted to the suture and the clip, with slightly higher values for the clip. The model satisfactorily allowed functional parameters (valve area and transvalvular pressure gradient) and structural parameters (load, leaflet stress) to be determined. Overall, the structural effects of the clip and the suture are quite similar under the cyclic loading conditions imposed by the cardiac cycle.
Synthesis of CF3SF4-substituted compounds (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of CF3SF4-substituted compoundsKrishna D. Gupta and Jean'ne M. ShreeveCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1985, 24, 10, 1457–1460Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00204a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00204a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views189Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Injectable Coformulations in Diabetology (2015)

Coformulations are a novel pharmaceutical development in diabetology. They are composed of two medicinal products, both of which maintain their distinct pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. Currently available coformulations include combinations of basal and rapid-acting insulin, and basal and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1RA). This review describes three coformulations which are in advanced stages of development, or are approved in certain markets. We discuss the basic and clinical pharmacology of these drugs, while describing clinical usage of the commercially available insulin degludec aspart (IDegAsp).
Secretion of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase by osteoclasts correlates with resorptive behavior (2006)

There have been dramatic advances recently in our understanding of the regulation of osteoclastic differentiation. However, much less is known of the mechanisms responsible for the induction and modulation of resorptive behavior. We have developed a strategy whereby osteoclasts can be generated in vitro and released into suspension in a fully-functional state. We now exploit this approach to show that tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) is released by osteoclasts during bone resorption. TRAP release was inhibited by the secretion-inhibitor Brefeldin A, and was not accompanied by LDH release. This suggests that TRAP release is due to secretion, rather than cell death. Consistent with this, TRAP secretion was stimulated by resorbogenic cytokines, was inhibited by the resorption-inhibitor calcitonin, and correlated with excavation of the bone surface. We found that, in contrast to incubation on bone, incubation on plastic, glass, or vitronectin-coated plastic substrates did not induce secretion of TRAP. This suggests that the induction of resorptive behavior in osteoclasts depends upon stimulation by bone matrix of a putative osteoclastic "mineral receptor." Release of TRAP by osteoclasts thus represents not only a productive approach to the analysis of the mechanisms that modulate the rate of resorptive activity, but also a system whereby the mechanism through which bone substrates induce resorptive behavior can be identified.
Nanotechnology, Cosmetics and the Skin: Is There a Health Risk? (2008)

Cosmetic formulations may contain nano-emulsions and microscopic vesicles consisting of traditional cosmetic materials, although it is uncertain whether they should be qualified as actual nanomaterials. Vesicle materials do not penetrate into living human skin. Vesicle formulations may enhance or reduce skin absorption of ingredients, albeit at a limited scale. Sunscreens contain TiO2 or ZnO nanoparticles (NP), which are efficient UV filters. A number of studies suggest that insoluble NP do not penetrate into or through human skin. The results of in vivo toxicity tests showed that TiO2 and ZnO NP are non-toxic. In vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, photogenotoxicity, acute toxicity, sensitisation and ecotoxicology studies on TiO2 NP found no difference in the safety profile of micro- or nano-sized materials, all of which were non-toxic. Although some in vitro investigations on TiO2 particles reported cell uptake, oxidative cell damage or genotoxicity, these results may be secondary to phagocytosis of cells exposed to excessive particle concentrations. Studies on wear debris nano- and microparticles support the traditional view that toxicity of small particles is related to their chemistry, rather than their particle size. There is little evidence supporting a general rule that adverse effects of particles on the skin or other tissues increase with smaller particle size, or produce novel toxicities relative to those of larger particles. Overall, the current evidence suggests that nano-sized cosmetic or sunscreen ingredients pose no potential risk to human health, whereas their use in sunscreens has large benefits, such as the protection of human skin against skin cancer.
The effect of the mecA gene and its mutant form on the response of S. aureus to the most common antibiotics (2009)

Staphylococcus aureus isolates were collected from different hospitals in the Alexandria governorate in Egypt. The 100 isolates were subjected to fingerprinting based on their resistance/susceptibility to antibiotics which are commonly used in Egypt and all over the world. About 54% of the isolates showed multidrug resistance. The Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RAPD-PCR) was used to study the relationship between the examined isolates. Four arbitrary primers were used in this study and the results revealed that approximately 54 different banding patterns were obtained, dividing the isolates into five different groups. The PCR was performed for the detection of the mecA gene in all the isolates (susceptible and resistant). The mecA gene was detected in all the resistant isolates and in only one susceptible isolate (AS38). The mecA gene from the AS38 strain (Methicillin-Susceptible S. aureus or MSSA) and another one from a resistant strain (Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus or MRSA) were subjected to DNA sequencing. The sequence alignment showed that a point mutation was carried out in the nucleotide 215 (T substituted by A), which leads to the conversion of the amino acid asparagine into isoleucine. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out to study the evolution of such genes between different S. aureus strains. Also, the data revealed that there is a contentious modification for such genes.
Cancer chemoprevention by tea polyphenols. (2000)

Tea is one of the most widely consumed beverages, second only to water. Many experimental researches in laboratory animals demonstrated that tea components had an inhibitory effect on carcinogenesis at a number of organ sites. The inhibitory effects of tea against carcinogenesis have been attributed to the biologic activities of the polyphenol fraction in tea. This review summarizes experimental data on chemopreventive effects of tea polyphenols in various tumor bioassay systems. Many laboratory studies have demonstrated the inhibitory effects of green tea polyphenols, especially (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), on carcinogenesis in animals models. The majority of these studies have been conducted in mouse skin tumor models, where tea polyphenols were used either as oral feeding in drinking water or in direct local application. Most studies used 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or ultraviolet (UV) radiation as the tumor promoter and found anticarcinogenic effects caused by green tea polyphenols. Black tea was also found to be effective, although the activity was weaker than that of green tea in some experiments. Other studies showed that black tea polyphenols-theaflavins exhibited stronger anticarcinogenic activity than did EGCG. Caffeine in tea was also important for tea to prevent tumorigenesis. The molecular mechanisms of the cancer chemopreventive effects of tea polyphenols are not completely understood. They are most likely related to the mechanisms of biochemical actions of tea polyphenols, which include antioxidative activities, modulation of xenobiotic metabolite enzymes and inhibition of tumor promotion. In addition, we have also proposed that tea polyphenols function as cancer chemopreventive agents through modulation of mitotic signal transduction. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in this modulation need further investigation.
Isoflurane enhances glutamatergic agonist-stimulated nitric oxide synthesis in cultured neurons (1996)

The purpose of this study was to determine how halothane, isoflurane, and enflurane, three commonly used volatile anesthetic agents, affect glutamate receptor-modulated nitric oxide signaling in cultured cortical neurons. Primary cultures of cortical neurons were prepared from fetal Sprague-Dawley rats and experiments were performed after 11-13 days in culture. Cyclic GMP was measured as an indicator of nitric oxide production. Glutamate (100 microM), N-methyl-D-aspartate (100 microM), quisqualate (300 microM), or kainate (100 microM) increased cyclic GMP production. At clinically relevant concentrations, isoflurane enhanced responses to each of these agonists, while halothane or enflurane had no effect. Thus, isoflurane, but not halothane or enflurane, enhanced nitric oxide signaling stimulated by glutamatergic agonists.
Method analysis of laboratory measures of stream sediment and water phosphorus equilibrium (2004)

Elevated phosphorus concentrations in aquatic ecosystems of northwest Arkansas prompted an investigation of the effects of sample preparation and extraction methods on laboratory measures of sediment-phosphorus interactions. Two streams of contrasting phosphorus (P) concentrations were selected to determine the effect of using a CaCl2 solution instead of filtered stream water, refrigerated or dried sediments instead of fresh wet sediments, and vortexing the suspensions instead of shaking them. Sediment equilibrium P concentration (EPC0) and P buffering capacity (K) were used to determine differences in extraction methods. EPC0 and K from extractions using fresh sediments and a CaCl2 solution matching the electrical conductivity of the stream water were not significantly different from extractions using fresh sediments and filtered stream water. However, using dried sediments instead of fresh, wet sediments in the extraction procedure affected EPC0 and K estimation. In the P-enriched system, sediment extractions using refrigerated sediments or vortex mixing of the sediment-slurry suspension produced EPC0 and K estimates that were significantly different than estimates from fresh, wet sediment and filtered stream-water extractions. Overall, method analysis of laboratory measures of stream sediment and water P equilibrium suggested that in low-P-concentration streams, estimates varied little whereas in high-P streams the method of extraction was more important.
A Motion Correction Technique for Laser Scanning of Moving Objects (2013)

The fundamental limitation for laser scanning of an object is that the object should be stationary. In this letter, we propose a novel technique for obtaining 3-D point cloud of a moving object by applying motion correction, so that the point cloud is correct in relative and absolute sense, and represents the true shape of the scanned object. In the proposed technique, a laser scanner is used to scan an object which is mounted with a GPS/IMU system and stationed at a distance from the scanner. The object is put in continuous motion (in a limited area) which may be linear, nonlinear, rotational, or of random type. The point cloud collected by the laser scanner is combined with the position and orientation information of the moving object to transform the whole point cloud into a new coordinate system, called object body coordinate system (OBCS), which is fixed to the object. This is realized, first by determining the relationship between an inertial measurement unit (IMU)body coordinate system and the OBCS, and then by using this relation to convert the coordinates of object measured in global coordinate system through laser scanner into the OBCS. Prior to this, the laser scanner is oriented to measure coordinates in global coordinate system. This letter first presents a complete theoretical background of the proposed method for a general case, and then outlines some simplified cases as encountered in practice. The proposed technique has applications in scanning objects that are not stable, e.g., a ship in a harbor.
Principales lesiones bucales y factores de riesgo presentes en población mayor de 60 años (2010)

Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo en la población mayor de 60 años del área de salud de la Policlínica Moncada, que recibieron atención en la Facultad de Estomatología "Raúl González Sánchez", Ciudad de La Habana, durante el año 2006, para determinar los factores de riesgo asociados con la aparición de lesiones bucales, su distribución según edad y sexo, además de identificar el tipo de lesión y su localización anatómica. Se estudiaron 352 ancianos a los que se les aplicó una encuesta para identificar la presencia de factores de riesgo y se realizó un examen físico de la cavidad bucal y el cuello para detectar las lesiones y su localización. Como principales resultados se obtuvo que el 60,7 % de los ancianos presentaron factores de riesgo; los más frecuentes fueron: la ingestión de alimentos condimentados y calientes en un 83,4 %, el hábito de fumar en un 82,1 % seguido del uso de prótesis y el alcoholismo, ambos con 72,4 %. El sexo masculino fue el más afectado en un 58,2 %, el factor de riesgo que predominó fue la ingestión de alcohol en un 75,7 %. En las mujeres el uso de prótesis fue el factor de riesgo que predominó con un 73,3 %, seguido del hábito de fumar; la edad más afectada fue la de más de 80 años en un 41,7 %. El 48,5 % presentaban lesiones, el épulis fisurado fue el más representativo en un 39,1 %, la estomatitis subprotésica con un 35,6 %. La localización anatómica encontrada con mayor afectación fue el paladar duro, encía inferior y mucosa del carrillo. Se evidenció con estos resultados la falta de calidad de las actividades de educación para la salud, ya que predominaron estilos de vida perjudiciales a la salud.
Performance of the Dementia Severity Rating Scale (1996)

Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders is a peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary journal directed to an audience of clinicians and researchers, with primary emphasis on Alzheimer disease and associated disorders. The journal publishes original articles emphasizing research in humans including epidemiologic studies, clinical trials and experimental studies, studies of diagnosis and biomarkers, as well as research on the health of persons with dementia and their caregivers. The scientific portion of the journal is augmented by reviews of the current literature, concepts, conjectures, and hypotheses in dementia, brief reports, and letters to the editor.
Gender differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of psychotropics: focus on women. (1991)

The animal literature provides many instances of gender differences in drug metabolism and/or response. However, there are inherent dangers in trying to generalize findings of either pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic gender differences to humans. The literature was searched for references to gender and pharmacokinetics of psychoactive drugs. Interest was primarily in whether sufficient data were available on humans to implicate a gender effect, given the large animal literature. There was a dearth of investigations to look for pertinent differences and many studies that examined gender differences appeared to do so incidentally. Some differences were identified that seemed hormonally influenced and age-related. The most compelling gender differences stem from data on research probes utilized to better understand psychiatric disease processes. The implications for women as psychoactive drug consumers are discussed.
A formal framework for the specification, analysis and generation of standardized hypermedia documents (2002)

Proposes a formal framework for the specification, analysis and generation of standardized hypermedia documents. This framework is based on the hierarchical time stream Petri net (HTSPN) model adapted to the specification of temporal and logical constraints in distributed hypermedia systems. The interpreted HTSPN model presented in the paper allows the accurate and unambiguous specification of hypermedia documents. Moreover, it permits powerful analysis techniques to be applied for insuring the quality of hypermedia documents. It is important for a HTSPN specification to be stored, exchanged and presented within open hypermedia systems. Therefore, a procedure for translating interpreted HTSPN specification into an MHEG (Multimedia and Hypermedia Experts Group) representation is also proposed.
Enhanced<tex>$hboxSiO_2$</tex>Reliability on Deuterium-Implanted Silicon (2006)

Stress-induced leakage current and time-dependent dielectric breakdown were investigated to examine the reliability of gate oxides grown on hydrogen- and deuterium-implanted silicon substrates. An order of magnitude improvement in charge-to-breakdown was observed for the deuterium-implanted devices as compared with the hydrogen-implanted ones. Such reliability improvement may be explained by the reduction of defects in the SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and Si/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> interface, such as Si dangling bonds, weak Si-Si bonds, and strained Si-O bonds due to the retention of implanted deuterium at the interface and in the bulk oxide as confirmed by secondary ion mass spectroscopy
LNG as a Vessel and General Transportation Fuel Developing the Required Supply Infrastructure (2010)

LNG holds great promise as a transportation fuel making significant reductions in emissions and green house gases. The road to increased use of LNG as a heavy transportation fuel in the U.S. is the development of a coherent LNG supply infrastructure. The existing LNG import terminal infrastructure can be leveraged to implement a safe and reliable fuel supply infrastructure. This paper will discuss the transshipment of LNG, by an AT/B LNG carrier, from existing U.S. LNG import terminals, in a hub and spoke arrangement.
Mechanical shock modeling and testing of lead-free solder joint in hard disk drive head assembly (2005)

Solder joint reliability in hard disk drive head assemblies is of great concern due to the increasing demand and popularity of portable electronic products such as mobile hard disk and laptop computers. The mechanical shock resulting from mishandling during transportation or customer usage may seriously affect the solder joint reliability and lead to malfunction of the electronic product eventually. However, little information in detail related to the dynamic responses of the hard disk drive (HDD) cover and suspension, which is closely related with the stress and strain in the solder joints during the mechanical shock, has been reported. In this paper, comprehensive dynamic response of the suspension and the corresponding distribution of stress and strain of the solder joints during the impact process are captured, and it is found that the solder joint failures mainly concentrate at the interface between solder and suspension. The failure mode and location of solder joints simulated by modeling is in good agreement with the mechanical shock experiment.
Macromol. Chem. Phys. 18/2011 (2011)

Cover:. Nanocomposites are endowed with heterogeneous twin switches by the incorporation of cellulose nanowhiskers into shape-memory polyurethane. The PCL soft segment serves as a thermally sensitive switch, while the percolation cellulose network serves as a water-sensitive switch. The composites exhibit triple-shape properties when triggered by thermal and water stimulus. Further details can be found in the article by H. Luo, J. Hu,* and Y. Zhu on page 1981.
Theory and design of a class of Luneberg lenses (2005)

Certain interesting properties appertain to spherically symmetrical lenses with indices of refraction which vary with the radius only. The most important member of this class, at least for microwave applications, is the Luneberg lens. It is the aim of this study to summarize and classify a large number of these lenses. With this approach, a new class of lenses of theoretical interest appears...the so-called higher-order lenses. Several applications are mentioned in this report.