gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wireless noncontact ECG and EEG biopotential sensors (2013)

Wearable, unobtrusive and patient friendly physiological sensors will be a key driving force in the wireless health revolution. Cardiac (ECG) and brain (EEG) signals are two important signal modalities indicative of healthy and diseased states of body and mind that directly benefit from long-term monitoring. Despite advancements in wireless and embedded electronics technology, however, ECG/EEG monitoring devices still face problems with patient compliance and comfort from the use wet/gel electrodes. We have developed two wireless biopotential instrumentation systems using noncontact electrodes that can operate without direct skin contact and through thin layers of fabric. The first system is a general purpose replacement for traditional ECG/EEG telemetry systems and the second is a compact, fully self-contained wireless ECG tag. All of the issues relating to the design of low noise, high performance noncontact sensors are discussed along with full technical details, circuit schematics and construction techniques. The noncontact electrode has been integrated into both a wearable ECG chest harness as well an EEG headband and characterized in a battery of experiments that represent potential health applications including resting ECG, exercise ECG and EEG directly against standard clinical adhesive Ag/AgCl electrodes. With careful design and secure mechanical harnesses the noncontact sensor is capable of approaching the quality of conventional electrodes.
Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE): Experimental Method and Data Analysis (2007)

This unit provides a protocol for performing serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). SAGE involves the generation of short fragments of DNA, or tags, from a defined point in the sequence of all cDNAs in the sample analyzed. This short tag, because of its presence in a defined point in the sequence, is typically sufficient to uniquely identify every transcript in the sample. SAGE allows one to generate a comprehensive profile of gene expression in any sample desired from as little as 100,000 cells or 1 microg of total RNA. SAGE generates absolute, rather than relative, measurements of RNA abundance levels, and this fact allows an investigator to readily and reliably compare data to those produced by other laboratories, making the SAGE data set increasingly useful as more data is generated and shared. Software tools have also been specifically adapted for SAGE tags to allow cluster analysis of both public and user-generated data.
Visible Range Plasmons in Topological Insulators (2016)

Near-field imaging in the visible reveals the existence of localized and propagating plasmons on the surface of topological insulator. We also report ab-initio band structure calculations explain the origin of plasmonic response in chalcogenide compounds.
Simulation of Noncontact Atomic Force Microscopy of Hydrogen- and Methyl-Terminated Si(001) Surfaces (2009)

Simulations of noncontact atomic force microscopy (ncAFM) are presented for Si(111), Si(001), and hydrogen-terminated and methyl-terminated Si(001) surfaces. The force between tip and surface consists of the long-range van der Waals force and the short-range chemical force. The long-range van der Waals force is estimated by a continuum model using only the Si–Si Hamaker constant in a vacuum, whether or not the surface is terminated by H atoms or methyl radicals. The short-range chemical force is predicted by the density-functional based tight-binding method because its computational cost is much lower than ab initio calculations using density functional theory. The experimental range of the frequency shifts and the ncAFM images of Si(111), Si(001), and H-terminated and methyl-terminated Si(001) surfaces were reproduced excellently. In the images, the methyl radical adsorbed is observed as a cavity-like region despite of its protrusion.
Effect of graded hypothermia (27 degrees to 34 degrees C) on behavioral function, histopathology, and spinal blood flow after spinal ischemia in rat. (1994)

These results show that a slight decrease in spinal cord temperature in the peri-ischemic period provides significant protection as measured by histopathology and neurological function.
BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) dabrafenib in combination with the MEK1/2 inhibitor (MEKi) trametinib in BRAFi-naive and BRAFi-resistant patients (pts) with BRAF mutation-positive metastatic melanoma (MM). (2013)

9005 Background: Dual inhibition of the MAP kinase (MAPK) pathway with dabrafenib (D) and trametinib (T) in combination has demonstrated clinical benefit compared to D alone in a randomized Phase II trial in V600 BRAF-mutant MM pts, thus delaying the development of BRAFi resistance. Little is known about the efficacy of D + T after BRAFi resistance has been acquired. This analysis evaluates the ability of D + T combination to treat acquired resistance compared to the D + T combination as first-line treatment. Methods: These data from a phase I/II study include 1. BRAFi-resistant group: pts who received 150/2 D+T in Part B (n=26) and Part C (n=43) following progression on BRAFi monotherapy (mono); 2. BRAFi-naïve group: pts who received initial 150/2 D+T in Part B (n=24) and Part C (n=54). Results: Baseline characteristics (ECOG PS, M staging, LDH) were similar across all groups.In the Part B BRAFi-resistant group, 93% of pts previously received D or vemurafenib and all pts received D prior to D+T in Part C. In BRAFi-resistant group, prior best response of CR/PR (38%, 56%), SD (35%, 27%), PD (27%, 7%) was observed in Parts B and C respectively. In BRAFi-resistant group, the ORR and PFS with D+T was lower than initial D+T in BRAFi-naive group. Median duration of response (DoR) in BRAFi-resistant group cannot be calculated due to small no. of pts responding. Median DoR for BRAFi-naïve pts was 11.3 mo and 10.5 mo in Parts B and C respectively. In Part C, the 12-mo overall survival rates in BRAFi-naïve (150/2) pts was 79% vs 70% for pts initially on D mono, despite 80% pts crossing over to D+T combination. Conclusions: The clinical activity for 150/2 D+T combination is consistently superior in BRAFi-naive group vs BRAFi-resistant group in both Parts B and C. Dual MAPK blockade can delay clinical resistance to BRAF inhibition. However, once BRAFi resistance has occurred, the combination of BRAFi + MEKi is far less effective. Clinical trial information: NCT01072175. [Table: see text]
Lymphedema and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors: The Iowa Women's Health Study (2008)

In the IWHS, HRQOL was lower for BrCa survivors with diagnosed lymphedema and for those with arm symptoms without diagnosed lymphedema. Clinical trials are needed to determine what interventions can improve lymphedema and impact HRQOL for BrCa survivors.
Corrosion of Linepipe Carbon Steel (X52) Influenced by a SRB Consortium Isolated from a Sour Oil Well (2013)

Abstract This work investigates microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of API(1) 5L X52 linepipe steel by a sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) consortium. The SRB consortium used in this study was cultivated from a sour oil well in Louisiana, USA. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the mixed bacterial consortium contained three phylotypes: members of the Proteobacteria (Desulfomicrobium sp.), Firmicutes (Clostridium sp.) and Bacteroidetes (Anaerophaga sp.). The biofilm and pit morphology that developed with time were characterized with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). In addition, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), polarization resistance (Rp) and open circuit potential (OCP) were used to analyze the corrosion behavior. Through circuit modeling, EIS results were used to interpret the physicoelectric interactions between the electrode, biofilm and solution interfaces. The results confirmed that extensive localized corrosion activity of SRB is due to a formed biofilm in conjunction with a porous iron sulfide layer on the metal surface. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) revealed the presence of different sulfides and oxide constituents in the corrosion products for the system exposed to the SRB consortium.
A comparative approach to 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene effects: Metabolism and mutagenesis in mice and fish (1997)

A comparative approach was used to examine the effects of exposure to the potent carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in two divergent sentinel species, mouse and fish, containing a common transgenic reporter, the bacteriophage {O}X174am3. Effects of DMBA were examined using both in vitro and in vivo studies through the analysis of metabolites, cytochrome P450 was examined 72 hours after DMBA dosing using an assay for 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (EROD) activity. Fish showed an increasing trend of EROD induction with increasing dose, with the EROD level at the highest dose being significantly greater than corn oil controls and the lowest DMBA dose. DMBA had less of an effect on mouse P450 levels. Metabolites of DMBA in the bile at 12 hours were quantified in both species using HPLC/PDA detection. Bile extracts were enzyme digested to differentiate glucuronide, sulfate and glutathione conjugates. Primary metabolites in mice were 2-hydroxy-7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, 7-hydroxymethyl-12-methylbenz[a]anthracene. The same metabolites were detected in the fish with the addition of 7,12-bis-hydrodxymethylbenz[a]anthracene. In vitro assays using uninduced and 3-methylcholanthrene-induced mouse microsomes showed no increase over background mutant frequencies of 1-3x10{sup -6} when 0X DNA was incubated with DMBA. In vivo induced mutation was also examined in mice and fish liver. The 1.9 and 19 mg/kgmore » doses of DMBA resulted in a 10-fold increase in mutation frequency over controls in fish. There was a similar increase in mutation frequency at the 19 mg/kg dose in mice. Analysis of the 1.9 mb/kg dosed mice and the replicate variance among treated and control animals is underway.« less
Large-scale numerical simulations of ion beam instabilities in unmagnetized astrophysical plasmas (2000)

Collisionless quasiperpendicular shocks with magnetoacoustic Mach numbers exceeding a certain threshold are known to reflect a fraction of the upstream ion population. These reflected ions drive instabilities which, in a magnetized plasma, can give rise to electron acceleration. In the case of shocks associated with supernova remnants (SNRs), electrons energized in this way may provide a seed population for subsequent acceleration to highly relativistic energies. If the plasma is weakly magnetized, in the sense that the electron cyclotron frequency is much smaller than the electron plasma frequency ωp, a Buneman instability occurs at ωp. The nonlinear evolution of this instability is examined using particle-in-cell simulations, with initial parameters which are representative of SNR shocks. For simplicity, the magnetic field is taken to be strictly zero. It is shown that the instability saturates as a result of electrons being trapped by the wave potential. Subsequent evolution of the waves depends on the temperature of the background protons Ti and the size of the simulation box L. If Ti is comparable to the initial electron temperature Te, and L is equal to one Buneman wavelength λ0, the wave partially collapses into low frequency waves and backscattered waves at around ωp. If, on the other hand, Ti≫Te and L=λ0, two high frequency waves remain in the plasma. One of these waves, excited at a frequency slightly lower than ωp, may be a Bernstein–Greene–Kruskal mode. The other wave, excited at a frequency well above ωp, is driven by the relative streaming of trapped and untrapped electrons. In a simulation with L=4λ0, the Buneman wave collapses on a time scale consistent with the excitation of sideband instabilities. Highly energetic electrons were not observed in any of these simulations, suggesting that the Buneman instability can only produce strong electron acceleration in a magnetized plasma.
Evaluation of lapatinib as a component of neoadjuvant therapy for HER2+ operable breast cancer: NSABP protocol B-41. (2012)

LBA506 Background: The purposes of this trial are to determine the effect of substituting lapatinib (L) for trastuzumab (T) in combination with weekly paclitaxel (WP) following AC as well as adding L to T with WP following AC on pathologic complete response (pCR) rates. Methods: Women with HER2-positive operable breast cancer received standard AC q3wks x 4 cycles followed by WP (80 mg/m 2 ) on days 1, 8, and 15 q28 days x 4 cycles. Concurrently with WP, patients received either T (4 mg/kg load, then 2 mg/kg) weekly until surgery, L (1250 mg) daily until surgery, or weekly T plus L (750 mg) daily until surgery. Following surgery, patients received trastuzumab to complete 52 wks of HER2-targeted therapy. The primary endpoint is pCR breast. For each of the two primary comparisons, the Fisher’s exact test was used to test the equality of pCR rates. A Hochberg-type step-up procedure was applied to address multiple testings and to control the family-wise error rate at 0.05. Results: 51% were clinically node positive and 63% had HR+ tumors. pCR assessments were available from 519 of 529 patients. pCR percentage was 52.5% for AC→WP+T, 53.2% (p=0.9) for AC→WP+L, and 62% (p=0.075) for AC→WP+TL. pCR percentages in the HR+ subset were 46.7%, 48% (p=0.85), and 55.6% (p=0.18), respectively, and were 65.5%, 60.6% (p=0.57), and 73% (p=0.37) in the HR- cohort. The corresponding pCR breast and nodes percentages were 49.1%, 47.4% (p=0.74), and 60.4% (p=0.04). Grade 3/4 toxicities include diarrhea in 2%, 20%, 27% (p<0.001), and symptomatic Gr 3/4 left ventricular systolic dysfunction in 4%, 4%, and 2% (p=0.49). Conclusions: Substitution of lapatinib for trastuzumab in combination with the chemotherapy program employed in this study resulted in similar high percentages of pCR in both HR+ and HR- cohorts. Combined HER2-targeted therapy produced a numerically higher pCR percentage than single agent HER2-directed therapy, but the difference was not statistically significant. Central review of HER2 and ER is being conducted to determine if subsets benefiting from the combined HER2-targeted therapy can be identified. Funding: GlaxoSmithKline.
Extraction of extinction, refraction and absorption properties in diffraction enhanced imaging (2003)

Diffraction enhanced imaging is a radiographic technique that derives contrast from an object's x-ray absorption, refraction gradient and small angle scatter properties (extinction). In prior work, images obtained using two analyser settings were combined to obtain refraction angle and apparent absorption images. A more general method of determining independently the refraction, absorption and extinction of the object is presented. This approach has been used to model the transmission, refraction and scatter distribution of the sample and to visualize these three physical phenomena separately.
Penetrating Injuries of the Neck (1983)

One hundred thirty-six patients with penetrating injuries of the neck over a 4-year period were studied prospectively. Seventy-two patients (52.9%) had no major physical signs on admission, 56 were observed without complications, and 16 had a negative exploration. Injuries below the level of the cricoid cartilage were associated with a very high mortality (12.12%). We recommend a policy of selective conservatism in the management of penetrating neck injuries.
The Concept of a Smart Wind Turbine System (2007)

The concept of a smart wind turbine with telescopic blades was analyzed using a mathematical model based on the blade element – momentum theory. The telescopic blade concept uses the idea of extending the turbine blades when wind speeds fall below rated level, hence increasing the swept area, and thus maintaining a relatively high power output. It is shown for a typical site, that the annual energy output of such a wind turbine that could double its blade length, could be twice that of a corresponding turbine with fixed length blades. From a cost analysis, it is shown that the concept would be feasible if the cost of the rotor could be kept less than 4.3 times the cost of a standard rotor with fixed length blades. Given the telescopic blade turbine system exhibits a more-or-less linear maximum power curve, as opposed to a non-linear curve for the standard turbine, an innovative hybrid mechanical-electrical power conversion system is proposed.
Comparison of Prestomal Teeth in the Face Fly (Musca Autumnalis) and the House Fly (Musca Domestica) (Diptera: Muscidae)1 (1984)

Journal Article Comparison of Prestomal Teeth in the Face Fly (Musca Autumnalis) and the House Fly (Musca Domestica) (Diptera: Muscidae) Get access Alberto B. Broce, Alberto B. Broce Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R.J. Elzinga R.J. Elzinga 2Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 21, Issue 1, 26 January 1984, Pages 82–85, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/21.1.82 Published: 26 January 1984
Coulomb blockade systems fabricated by atomic force microscopy (2004)

We demonstrate a method for controlled fabrication of single electron devices using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The technique employs both AFM-operated nanocarving (i.e. scraping or plowing prepatterned metallic structures) as well as AFM-assisted nanomanipulation (i.e. controlled positioning of nanoparticles). Tunneling barriers are formed by dynamic plowing of /spl sim/20 nm wide trenches through thin Au wires realized by optical and electron beam lithography. During this AFM machining, in situ resistance-measurements are performed until electrical isolation is obtained. Single electron systems including one or more isolated islands are subsequently fabricated by shifting single nanoparticles (PbS or Au with respective diameters of 20 nm and 10 nm) into the tunneling barrier. The particle position is controlled in situ by both AFM imaging and conductivity measurements. The electrical properties of such Coulomb blockade systems are investigated for both the Au and PbS particles by transport measurements at liquid He (4.2 K) temperature. The measured I-V curves give evidence for the presence of Coulomb blockade effects with a step-like behavior that becomes more pronounced with decreasing temperature.
EXPERIMENTAL EXAMINATION OF FACTORS THAT AFFECT DUST GENERATION BY USING HEUBACH AND MRI TESTERS (1992)

Four factors that affect dust generation were investigated--type of test material, particle size distribution of the test material, moisture content of the test material, and apparatus used to generate dust. Dust generated from silicon carbide and aluminum oxide was measured by using MRI and Heubach dustiness testers modified to allow the measurement of dust particle size distribution with an Andersen impactor. The two materials investigated generated similar dusts. The size distribution of the test material slightly influenced the amount but strongly influenced the size distribution of the dust generated. Increased moisture content decreased the amount of dust generated; moisture content had little influence on dust size distribution. The two testers generated different amounts of dust; however, the dust particle size distributions generated were similar. These results help explain factors that affect dust generation and the relative importance of alternative methods for dust control.
Optimum Hybrid Modulation for Improvement of Efficiency Over Wide Operating Range for Triple-Phase-Shift Dual-Active-Bridge Converter (2019)

Triple-phase-shift modulation of a dual-active-bridge converter allows soft switching over the complete power flow range due to additional degree of freedom control over the transformer current. Optimization of conduction angles and a phase shift between the primary and secondary bridges can allow minimized rms and peak current, which directly influence device stress and conduction and switching losses. However, the existing state of the art addresses this by using either an offline optimization-based controller or large offline data-based methods, which are expensive and require excessive resources. In this article, a piecewise model of the modulation scheme is developed, which allows analytical optimization. In addition, soft-switching conditions are included in the optimization framework allowing a complete solution, which reduces both conduction and switching losses. Finally, a hybrid controller has been proposed based on the generalized optimization results. It utilizes the optimum modulation for a given power and ensures the highest efficiency over a wide operating range. The model, the optimization framework, and the hybrid controller were developed theoretically and simulated in the MATLAB environment. A 200-W prototype was built as a proof of concept. The optimization results and the proposed controller were experimentally verified with good agreement to the theoretical analysis.
An Engineering-to-Biology Thesaurus To Promote Better Collaboration, Creativity and Discovery (2009)

Biological inspiration for engineering design has occurred through a variety of techniques such as database searches, keyword and antonym searches, knowledge of biology, observations of nature and other “aha” moments. This research aims to alleviate the knowledge gap problem by providing a link between engineering and biology with a thesaurus. The biologically connotative terms that comprise the thesaurus were collected utilizing an organized verb-noun search; collocated words were extracted from texts based on a functional search word. This thesaurus should enable the engineering and biology communities to better collaborate, create and discover.
Analysis of single cyclic nucleotide-gated channels in olfactory receptor cells (1991)

In the accompanying article (Firestein et al., 1991b), we have demonstrated that odor- and cyclic nucleotide-sensitive channels exist at a low density in the dendritic membranes of isolated salamander olfactory receptor neurons. Here, we analyze the cyclic nucleotide sensitivity of these channels using the inside-out patch recording technique. Both cAMP and cGMP, at micromolar concentrations, are capable of inducing channel openings. The biophysical parameters of channel activity are nearly the same in response to either ligand. The unitary conductance is about 45 pS, the reversal potential of single- channel currents is +5 mV, and the I/V relation is linear over the range -80 to +80 mV. The channel activity shows no obvious voltage dependence in divalent cation-free symmetrical solutions. The channel shows no desensitization, even to agonist exposures lasting 15 sec. Mean open time is about 1.5 msec; the closed time distribution is best fit by two exponentials with a fast time constant in the submillisecond range (ca. 0.15 msec) and a slower time constant in the millisecond range (ca. 1.5 msec). The only clear difference in the activity of the two ligands is in their affinity constants. The K1/2 for cAMP is 20 microM; that for cGMP is 4 microM. In both cases, the Hill coefficient is greater than 2, suggesting that channel opening requires the cooperative action of three ligand molecules.
Characterization of Collagen by Capillary Electrophoresis (1996)

Abstract Characterization of pepsin-solubilized type I collagen was examined by a capillary electrophoresis using a capillary coated with α-dodecyl-ω-hydroxy poly(oxyethylene) to reduce protein adsorption and electroosmic flow. A good peak separation for each polypeptide was achieved at pH 5.6—6.5. The peaks were assigned to α1, α2, β11, β12, and γ by gel chromatography and reversed phase HPLC. It is found that each α chain signal split into several peaks, reflecting various residues of teropeptide.