gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Asymptotic tradeoff between cross-layer goodput gain and outage diversity in OFDMA systems with slow fading and delayed CSIT (2008)

There are two important aspects of cross-layer gains in multiuser OFDMA systems with slow fading channels. They are the system goodput gain as well as the packet diversity gain. The former aspect of cross-layer designs has been well- studied under perfect CSIT conditions and is known as the multi-user diversity gain (MuDiv). In cross-layer OFDMA systems with perfect CSIT, it is well known that the system throughput (ergodic capacity) scales in the order of O(log log Kldquo) due to the MuDiv gain, where K is the number users. However, in slow fading channels with delayed CSIT, there will always be potential packet errors (due to channel outage if the scheduled data rate exceeds the instantaneous mutual information) even if very strong channel coding is applied at the base station. In this case, the cross-layer packet outage diversity is important to protect the packet errors due to channel outage and there is a natural tradeoff between the goodput gain and packet diversity. In this paper, we shall focus on the asymptotic tradeoff analysis between the system goodput gain and the packet outage diversity gain in cross-layer OFDMA systems with delayed CSIT.
Ultrasonic radar and its applications (2009)

A rangefinder is a device that measures distance from the observer to a target, for the purposes of surveying, determining focus in photography, or accurately aiming a weapon. Some devices use active methods to measure (such as sonar, laser, or radar); others, available since the nineteenth century, measure distance using trigonometry (stadia metric rangefinders and parallax, or coincidence rangefinders). They usually use a set of known distances or target sizes to make the measurement [2].
A secondary ion microprobe ion trap mass spectrometer (2002)

An ion trap mass analyzer has been attached to an organic secondary ion microprobe. A pressure differential >100 can be maintained between the ion trap and microprobe. The well-focused secondary ion beam can transit a small (2 mm) diameter tube, but gas flow from ion trap to microprobe is impeded. This pressure differential allows the microprobe to retain imaging capability. Ion trap and microprobe data systems are integrated by taking advantage of the highly reproducible periodicity of the ion trap operating in resonant ejection mode and asynchronous signal and data acquisition afforded by commercially available interface cards. Secondary ion mass spectra and images obtained indicate an approximately 10-fold improvement in sensitivity, although preliminary evidence indicates low (<1%) trapping efficiency. Image data acquisition using the ion trap for mass analysis requires at least 10 times as much time compared to using a quadrupole mass filter because the mass-selected instability mode is used for mass analysis, i.e., mass resolution in the ion trap is not continuous as it is in the quadrupole.
The Nature of Uncertainty (1994)

Abstract Uncertainty pervades life and can arise from many sources. It is present in most tasks that require intelligent behaviour; planning, problem solving, decision making, classification and many others dealing with real world entities and data. Consequently, the representation of uncertainty is central to the development of computer systems that can successfully execute these tasks.
The CCA core specification in a distributed memory SPMD framework (2002)

Abstract We present an overview of the Common Component Architecture (CCA) core specification and CCAFFEINE, a Sandia National Laboratories framework implementation compliant with the draft specification. CCAFFEINE stands for CCA Fast Framework Example In Need of Everything; that is, CCAFFEINE is fast, lightweight, and it aims to provide every framework service by using external, portable components instead of integrating all services into a single, heavy framework core. By fast, we mean that the CCAFFEINE glue does not get between components in a way that slows down their interactions. We present the CCAFFEINE solutions to several fundamental problems in the application of component software approaches to the construction of single program multiple data (SPMD) applications. We demonstrate the integration of components from three organizations, two within Sandia and one at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. We outline some requirements for key enabling facilities needed for a successful component approach to SPMD application building. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compound Tilings and Perfect Colourings (1991)

Figure la shows the familiar tiling, or tessellation, of a plane surface by squares. (In this figure and in many of the figures in this article, tilings must be regarded as extending to infinity; only small portions of them can be shown.) The squares are the faces of the tiling, the sides of the squares are the edges of the tiling, and the points where four edges meet are the vertices. Since squares are four-sided polygons and four of them meet at each vertex, this tiling is denoted by the symbol 14,41. Figure 2a shows the tiling of equilateral triangles (three-sided polygons) meeting six at each vertex, denoted by 13,61; in Fig. 3 this same tiling is shown, together with the tiling 16,31 of hexagons indicated by dotted lines. Note that there is a vertex of the tiling 16,31 at the centre of each triangle and a vertex of 13,61 at the centre of each hexagon; for this reason {3,6} and 16,31 are said to be duals of each other.
A cognitive model of recurrent nightmares (2008)

Nightmares are a prevalent mental disorder resulting in disturbed sleep, distress, and impairment in daily functioning. Elaborating on previous theoretical models for anxiety disorders, sleep disorders and dreaming, this study introduces a cognitive model of recurrent nightmares, the central element of which concerns representation of the nightmare’s repetitive storyline in the memory as a script. It is suggested that activation of this script during REM sleep results in a replay of the nightmare, and that activation occurs through perceived similarity between dream elements and the nightmare script. The model proposes a central role for cognitive processes in the persistence of nightmares over time. The success of cognitive-behavioural treatments is explained and clinical implications are discussed.
Efficacy of CD101, a Novel Echinocandin, in Mouse Models of Aspergillosis and Azole-Resistant Disseminated Candidiasis (2016)

Abstract Background: CD101 is a novel echinocandin with long-acting pharmacokinetics and exceptional stability in development for prevention and treatment of serious fungal infections. The in vivo efficacy of CD101 was evaluated using neutropenic mouse models of azole-resistant candidiasis and aspergillosis. Methods: An azole-resistant strain of Candida albicans (R357; resistant to fluconazole [Flu], voriconazole, and posaconazole but susceptible to amphotericin B [AmB] and echinocandins) isolated from human blood was used for the mouse candidiasis model. A test strain of Aspergillus fumigatus (ATCC 13073) was used for the mouse aspergillosis model. Mice were rendered neutropenic by cyclophosphamide and then infected by injections of C. albicans (105 CFU/mouse) or A. fumigatus (104 CFU/mouse) into the tail vein. Test articles were administered starting 2 hours after infection. In the mouse candidiasis model, groups of 5 mice each received one dose of AmB (3 mg/kg IV), Flu (20 mg/kg orally), or CD101 (3, 10 or 30 mg/kg by intraperitoneal administration [IP]). After 72 hours post-infection, mice were euthanized and C. albicans counts in kidney tissue (CFU/g) were measured. In the mouse aspergillosis model, groups of 10 mice each received one dose ofAmB (2 mg/kg IP) or CD101 (2 mg/kg IV and IP). Survival was monitored daily for 10 days. Differences between vehicle and test article groups were assessed for significance by one-way ANOVA followed byDunnett's test and Fisher's Exact test in the candidiasis and aspergillosis models, respectively. Results: One dose of CD101 3 mg/kg produced a >99.9% (or > 3-log; P<0.001) reduction in C. albicans CFU compared with vehicle through at least 72hours post-dose following a single IP dose.AmB showed similar, albeit less robust, efficacy (>99% or >2-log reduction in CFU; P<0.05), whereas fluconazole was less efficacious (83.9% or <2-log reduction in CFU). In the aspergillosis model, CD101 administered 2 mg/kg IV or IP showed similar efficacy to that ofAmB 2 mg/kg IP, both with significantly longer survival than vehicle (P<0.05; Figure). Conclusions: A single dose of CD101 3 mg/kg produced significant reduction in C. albicans burden compared with vehicle (P<0.001) in the neutropenic mouse model of azole-resistant candidiasis, demonstrating efficacy comparable, if not better, to that of AmB at the same dose. One dose of CD101 also demonstrated efficacy in the mouse model of aspergillosis. These data support the continued development of CD101 for treatment of serious infections caused by Candida, including azole-resistant strains, and Aspergillus spp. Figure Percent Survival in a Neutropenic Mouse Model of Aspergillosis Figure. Percent Survival in a Neutropenic Mouse Model of Aspergillosis Disclosures Ong: Cidara Therapeutics, Inc.: Employment. Bartizal:Cidara Therapeutics, Inc.: Employment, Other: Stockholder. Miesel:Eurofins Panlabs: Employment; Cidara Therapeutics, Inc: Research Funding.
Neuropilin, you gotta let me know (2010)

Neuropilins are highly conserved single pass transmembrane proteins specific to vertebrates. They were originally identified as adhesion molecules in the nervous system, but were subsequently rediscovered as the ligand binding subunit of the class 3 semaphorin receptor in neurons and then as blood vessel receptors for the vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF. More recently they have also been implicated as mediators of the T-cell immune response and as key prognostic markers in several types of cancer. Because neuropilins bind multiple ligands and associate with several different types of co-receptors, they variably promote cell adhesion, repulsion or attraction. Which response they ultimately invoke is decided by the cellular and even subcellular context the neuropilins find themselves in. Here, we review how the developmental functions of the neuropilins are influenced by such different contexts.
Research on the Financing of Small and Medium Enterprises (2009)

Small and medium enterprises' financing constraints are an important reason for its development in recent years, national policy and legal aspects are also efforts to promote the development of SMEs, the SME financing is still a lot of the biggest obstacles to entrepreneurs. In this paper, the status of financing small and medium enterprises start to analyze the reasons for its financing of the status, and guide financial institutions to be innovative financial products and improve financial services, a variety of financing at the same time, expand the financing channels for small and medium enterprises, can also build a multi-level credit Security system, security is difficult for SMEs to resolve outstanding issues.
[Study on simultaneous determination of multiplex trace elements in Chinese herbal medicine loulu by ICP-AES]. (2000)

A method for the simultaneous determination of multiplex trace elements in Chinese herbal medicine Loulu by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES) has been presented. The operating condictions and the suitable internal standard elements were selected. The detection limits of the method are 0.005-1.24 micrograms.mL-1 for Fe, Mn, Cu, Ti, Cr, Ba, Sr, Zn, Al with relative standard deviations (RSD) of 1.20%-3.90% (n = 7). The recoveries of most elements are in the range of 90.1%-104.2%. The method proposed has been applied to the analysis of real samples and biological standard samples (GBW 08501) peach leaves. The determined values of trace elements in the biological standard sample were in good agreement with the certified values.
Use of an osteoconductive agent (Norian) in anterior surgical management of odontoid fractures (2000)

Odontoid fractures can be successfully treated with anterior screw fixation. Odontoid fractures commonly occur in older patients who may have significant osteopenia. The authors examined the use of a bone substitute to overcome limitations encountered during a procedure in which anterior odontoid screw fixation is performed. Two elderly patients with displaced, reducible acute odontoid fractures underwent anterior odontoid screw fixation. The intraoperative failure of the anterior vertebral cortex from osteopenic bone and failure to achieve complete contact between the dens and axis were encountered. The defects were supplemented by using the osteoconductive agent Norian. Outcome was evaluated to determine the utility of this method. Occasional intraoperative failure of anterior odontoid screw fixation may be encountered. Supplementation of bone defects with this osteoconductive agent may facilitate successful bone union in selected patients.
Mutations affecting two different steps in transcription initiation at the phage λ <i>P</i> <sub>RM</sub> promoter (1983)

The abortive initiation assay [McClure, W. R. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 5634-5638] was used to study the effects of mutations on the activity of the P(RM) promoter of phage lambda in vitro. The transcription initiation properties of four mutant promoters were compared with those of wild-type P(RM) in the presence or absence of repressor (which activates P(RM)). Two kinetic parameters were measured: k(2), the rate constant for the transition between closed and open complexes, and K(B), the equilibrium constant for the initial binding of RNA polymerase to DNA (formation of closed complexes). The primary effect of repressor on wild-type initiation was stimulation of the isomerization reaction: k(2) increased about 7-fold. Both in the presence and in the absence of repressor, prmU31 and prmE104 (changes at nucleotides -33 and -38, respectively) reduced K(B) significantly without affecting k(2), indicating that these mutations affect polymerase binding but not the formation of open complexes. In contrast, prmE37 (a change at nucleotide -14) reduced k(2) significantly without affecting K(B). A fourth mutation, prmE93 (at nucleotide -39), is phenotypically Prm(-) primarily because it causes a defect in the O(B)2 operator site and, therefore, the mutant promoter is unable to respond normally to repressor. These results are consistent with the idea that the two regions of Escherichia coli promoters in which consensus sequences have been identified, the regions at nucleotides -35 and -10, may provide information for two discrete steps in transcription initiation.
On mapping Bezier curve and surface subdivision algorithms into a hypercube with geometric adjacency constraint (2002)

The authors discuss the Bezier curve and surface generation algorithms on a hypercube computer. They show that the computation structures of Bezier curve and surface generation based on subdivision method can be modeled as binomial trees and extended binomial trees respectively. Properties of binomial trees and extended binomial trees are explored and mappings from these tree structures to hypercubes are discussed. As the spatial coherence plays an important role in computer graphics and geometric algorithms, the authors imposed the geometric adjacency on these mappings and proved that there exist adjacency preserving mappings. Moreover, they show that their mappings are optimal with respect to expansion, dilation and congestion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Delving into Transferable Adversarial Examples and Black-box Attacks (2016)

An intriguing property of deep neural networks is the existence of adversarial examples, which can transfer among different architectures. These transferable adversarial examples may severely hinder deep neural network-based applications. Previous works mostly study the transferability using small scale datasets. In this work, we are the first to conduct an extensive study of the transferability over large models and a large scale dataset, and we are also the first to study the transferability of targeted adversarial examples with their target labels. We study both non-targeted and targeted adversarial examples, and show that while transferable non-targeted adversarial examples are easy to find, targeted adversarial examples generated using existing approaches almost never transfer with their target labels. Therefore, we propose novel ensemble-based approaches to generating transferable adversarial examples. Using such approaches, we observe a large proportion of targeted adversarial examples that are able to transfer with their target labels for the first time. We also present some geometric studies to help understanding the transferable adversarial examples. Finally, we show that the adversarial examples generated using ensemble-based approaches can successfully attack Clarifai.com, which is a black-box image classification system.
Serum Interleukin 17 in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2014)

Background: The type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may alter the function of immune cells and produce inflammation, which is chronic, low grade and associated with insulin resistance Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare interleukin 17 (IL-17) level in T2DM and healthy control, and evaluate the relationship between IL-17 and anthropometric and laboratory characteristics of diabetic patients. Patients and Methods: A case-control study was carried out on 32 patients with T2DM (16 males and 16 females, aged 52.1 Â± 8.0 years) who were hospitalized in Imam Reza hospital of AJA University of Medical Sciences for diabetes side effects, and 29 healthy control individuals (15 males and 14 females, aged 48.0 Â± 8.6 years). Fasting blood sugar (FBS) was assessed colorimetrically by the GOD-POD method, and serum insulin and IL-17 levels were measured by ELISA method. Statistical analysis of the Student's t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used. Results: The serum concentration of IL-17 was significantly higher in the patients with T2DM than in the controls (P = 0.002). It was also significantly higher in both male (P = 0.048) and female (P = 0.003) patients with T2DM than in their related controls. It was also significantly higher in the female than the male T2DM patients (P = 0.001). IL-17 level significantly correlated with age (r = 0.495, P = 0.001), body max index (BMI) (r = 0.347, P = 0.014), fasting blood sugar (r = 0.335, P = 0.043), insulin resistance (r = 0.338, P = 0.043), waist circumference (r = 0.329, P = 0.029) and insulin (r = 0.36, P = 0.025). Conclusions: It seems that patients with T2DM - especially females - have significantly higher IL-17 level and it correlates with age, insulin resistance, FBS, BMI and waist circumference.
Shuttle Orbiter Flash Evaporator Operational Flight Test Performance (1982)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The Flash Evaporator System (FES) is part of the Shuttle Orbiter Active Thermal Control Subsystem. The FES provides total heat rejection for the vehicle Freon Coolant Loops during ascent and entry and supplementary heat rejection during orbital mission phases. This paper reviews the performance of the FES during the first two Shuttle orbital missions (STS-1 and STS-2). A comparison of actual mission performance against design requirements is presented. Mission profiles (including Freon inlet temperature and feedwater pressure transients), control temperature, and heat load variations are evaluated. Anomalies that occurred during STS-2 are discussed along with the procedures conducted, both in-flight and post-flight, to isolate the causes. Finally, the causes of the anomalies and resulting corrective action taken for STS-3 and subsequent flights are presented.</div>
The Relationship of Prize-Winning to Prestige and Job Satisfaction (1986)

^ Each year, dozens of groups bestow hundreds of awards on American journalists and the organizations for which they work.' Thousands of dollars in prize money are given for stories or programs that may have cost tens of thousands of dollars to produce. Hundreds of hours are spent by journalists, journalism educators and others judging these contest entries. Indeed, prizes are among the most visible tokens of recognition for journalists and their employing organizations. Yet. despite the time, money and attention devoted to them, little research has been done on the possible functions of journalistic prizes. Though scholars in education and sociology have studied competition for recognition among teachers and scientists, the cupboard is mostly bare when it comes to journalists. The objective of this study, then, is to begin systematicaMy exploring possible functions of journalistic prizes, which are a prominent form of occupational and
An alternative to swab racks (1992)

Jacqueline Fish describes a pilot study which confirmed that a well known but not well loved theatre practice can be replaced by something better
Latent process model for manifold learning (2005)

In this paper, we propose a novel stochastic framework for unsupervised manifold learning. The latent variables are introduced, and the latent processes are assumed to characterize the pairwise relations of points over a high dimensional and a low dimensional space. The elements in the embedding space are obtained by minimizing the divergence between the latent processes over the two spaces. Different priors of the latent variables, such as Gaussian and multinominal, are examined. The Kullback-Leibler divergence and the Bhattachartyya distance are investigated. The latent process model incorporates some existing embedding methods and gives a clear view on the properties of each method. The embedding ability of this latent process model is illustrated on a collection of bitmaps of handwritten digits and on a set of synthetic data
THE BAND SPECTRUM OF OZONE IN THE VISIBLE AND PHOTOGRAPHIC INFRA-RED (1930)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
A brief analysis of the field effect diode and breakdown transistor (1996)

The carrier densities of a field effect diode are calculated for the limit of a thin intrinsic silicon layer. The resulting current-voltage relation and the application of this device as a transistor are discussed. In forward bias, carrier densities can be modulated without the complications of the hot-electron effects present in regular field effect transistors. In reverse bias, it can be utilized as a transistor in which the breakdown voltage is modulated by the gate voltages.
Multiplex PCR for Detection of Genes for <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Enterotoxins, Exfoliative Toxins, Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1, and Methicillin Resistance (2000)

A multiplex PCR assay for detection of genes for staphylococcal enterotoxins A to E (entA, entB, entC, entD, and entE), toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (tst), exfoliative toxins A and B (etaA and etaB), and intrinsic methicillin resistance (mecA) was developed. Detection of femA was used as an internal positive control. The multiplex PCR assay combined the primers for sea to see and femA in one set and those for eta, etb, tst, mecA, and femA in the other set. Validation of the assay was performed using 176 human isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. This assay offers a very specific, quick, reliable, and inexpensive alternative to conventional PCR assays used in clinical laboratories to identify various staphylococcal toxin genes.