gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HP/HT Drilling Fluid Challenges (2006)

Accurate knowledge of drilling fluid behavior under actual conditions is required to maximize operational efficiency and to minimize cost and drilling fluid related risks on extreme high-pressure / high-temperature (HP/HT) wells.This paper identifies and discusses the major HP/HT drilling fluid challenges, recent innovations in fluid viscosity measurements under HP/HT conditions, drilling fluid designs stable to extreme HP/HT conditions, and other considerations in HP/HT drilling.
DRUG INTERACTIONS WITH ZIDOVUDINE PHOSPHORYLATION IN VITRO (1994)

Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, P.O. Box 147, Liverpool, L69 3BX.
Sit Time Monitor: A Device for Measuring Wheelchair Sitting Time (1982)

Brief Report| Online July 01 1982 Sit Time Monitor: A Device for Measuring Wheelchair Sitting Time Lauro S. Halstead; Lauro S. Halstead Lauro S. Halstead, M.D., is Associate Professor, Departments of Rehabilitation, Community and Physical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and Attending Physician, The Institute for Rehabilitation and Research, Houston, Texas Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Mike C. Damon; Mike C. Damon Mike C. Damon, B.A., M.P.H., is Research Associate, Department of Behavioral Ecology, The Institute for Rehabilitation and Research, Houston, Texas Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Caren R. Zatlin; Caren R. Zatlin Caren R. Zatlin, OTR, is Unit Supervisor, Department of Occupational Therapy, The Institute for Rehabilitation and Research, Houston, Texas Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Dorit Hanover; Dorit Hanover Dorit Hanover, B.A., Ed.M., is Research Associate, Department of Behavioral Ecology, The Institute for Rehabilitation and Research, Houston, Texas Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Drucie Bohlen Drucie Bohlen Drucie Bohlen, OTR, is Associate Director for Clinical Services, Department of Occupational Therapy, The Institute for Rehabilitation and Research, Houston, Texas Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author & Article Information Online ISSN: 1943-7676 Print ISSN: 0272-9490 Copyright © 1982 by the American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc.1982 The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1982, Vol. 36(7), 463–465. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.36.7.463 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Lauro S. Halstead, Mike C. Damon, Caren R. Zatlin, Dorit Hanover, Drucie Bohlen; Sit Time Monitor: A Device for Measuring Wheelchair Sitting Time. Am J Occup Ther July 1982, Vol. 36(7), 463–465. doi: https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.36.7.463 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe American Journal of Occupational Therapy Search Advanced Search Keywords: medical devices, sitting position, wheelchairs This content is only available via PDF. Copyright © 1982 by the American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc.1982 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Polarization dependence of soliton interactions and soliton self-frequency shift in a femtosecond soliton transmission (1995)

In order to realize an ultrahigh-bit-rate optical soliton communication system at a few hundred gigabits per second, it has become increasingly important to investigate the characteristics of femtosecond soliton pulse propagation in an optical fiber.1-5 These characteristics include soliton interaction and soliton self-frequency shift (SSFS), which cause serious jitter. It is already well known that polarization-division-multiplexing (PDM) is useful as a method for decreasing soliton interaction in the picosecond regime.6 In order to achieve ultrahigh-speed PDM soliton communication, it is important to understand soliton interaction in the femtosecond regime when the polarization direction of the soliton varies. SSFS modifies soliton interactions through soliton amplitude fluctuation. In this paper we describe the nonlinear interaction characteristics of PDM femtosecond solitons.
1-(β-<scp>D</scp>-Erythrofuranosyl)cytidine (β-erythrocytidine) (2007)

1-(β-d-Erythrofuranosyl)cytidine, C8H11N3O4, (I), a derivative of β-cytidine, (II), lacks an exocyclic hydroxy­methyl (–CH2OH) substituent at C4′ and crystallizes in a global conformation different from that observed for (II). In (I), the β-d-erythrofuranosyl ring assumes an E3 conformation (C3′-exo; S, i.e. south), and the N-glycoside bond conformation is syn. In contrast, (II) contains a β-d-ribofuranosyl ring in a 3T2 conformation (N, i.e. north) and an anti-N-glycoside linkage. These crystallographic properties mimic those found in aqueous solution by NMR with respect to furan­ose conformation. Removal of the –CH2OH group thus affects the global conformation of the aldofuranosyl ring. These results provide further support for S/syn–anti and N/anti correlations in pyrimidine nucleosides. The crystal structure of (I) was determined at 200 K.
Azithromycin-mediated CHIP regulation promotes proteasomal degradation of NOX4 (2017)

<b>Introduction:</b> Transforming growth factor (TGF)-b is one of the major profibrotic cytokines orchestrating lung fibrogenesis. NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) play a pivotal role in TGF-b signaling via reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in association with lung fibrosis development. We hypothesized that anti-fibrotic properties of azithromycin (AZM) may be attributed to regulating NOX4 protein levels. <b>Methods:</b> Using human lung fibroblasts (LFB), western blotting (WB) of α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and typeⅠcollagen was performed to evaluate TGF-b-induced myofibroblast differentiation. Si RNA-mediated knockdown experiments were performed to elucidate the role of C terminus of HSC70-Interacting Protein (CHIP), a known E3 ubiquitin ligase for NOX4. 20S proteasome activity was measured by adding the fluorogenic substrates for proteasome. Bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis models were used to evaluate anti-fibrotic properties of AZM. <b>Results:</b> AZM suppressed TGF-b-induced NOX4 protein expression and myofibroblast differentiation in LFB. AZM significantly increased CHIP protein levels with concomitantly enhanced proteasome activity. CHIP knockdown attenuated AZM-induced colocalization of NOX4 and ubiquitin, resulting in restoration of NOX4 reduction during AZM treatment. BLM-induced NOX4 expression and lung fibrosis were efficiently attenuated by AZM treatment. <b>Conclusion:</b> AZM-mediated NOX4 degradation is governed through NOX4 ubiquitination by CHIP and enhanced proteasomal degradation. AZM-mediated NOX4 regulation is responsible for attenuating TGF-b-induced myofibroblast differentiation and lung fibrosis development by BLM. AZM may also be used for the treatment of the fibrotic lung disease, IPF.
Memory effects in complex materials and nanoscale systems (2011)

Memory effects are ubiquitous in nature and are particularly relevant at the nanoscale where the dynamical properties of electrons and ions strongly depend on the history of the system, at least within certain time scales. We review here the memory properties of various materials and systems which appear most strikingly in their non-trivial, time-dependent resistive, capacitative and inductive characteristics. We describe these characteristics within the framework of memristors, memcapacitors and meminductors, namely memory-circuit elements with properties that depend on the history and state of the system. We examine basic issues related to such systems and critically report on both theoretical and experimental progress in understanding their functionalities. We also discuss possible applications of memory effects in various areas of science and technology ranging from digital to analog electronics, biologically inspired circuits and learning. We finally discuss future research opportunities in the field.
C-Alkylation of Peptides Containing Aminomalonate and (Amino)(cyano)acetate Residues (1998)

N-Acetyl-, N-[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl](Boc)-, and N-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl](Z)-protected tri-, penta-, and heptapeptide methyl esters, 1 – 8, with a central aminomalonate (Ama) (allyl, methyl, benzyl, or tert-butyl) or (amino)(cyano)acetate (Aca) residue have been prepared by conventional techniques (Schemes 4 – 6). The new peptides with acidic backbone-bound CH groups can be C-alkylated with primary alkyl, allyl, and benzyl halides, under mildly basic conditions (1 equiv. MeONa or t-BuOK in THF); also, they can be added to Michael acceptors such as acrylates, acrylonitrile, methyl vinyl ketone, or nitrostyrene (catalytic amounts of alkoxide bases in THF) (Schemes 7 – 16). In most cases, the products, 48 – 100, are formed in excellent yields (average of 77%); one of the epimeric products prevails (2 : 1 to > 20 : 1), and the epimers have been separated, isolated in pure form, and fully characterized (without configurational assignments); addition of the co-solvent 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1,3-dimethylpyrimidin-2(1H)-one (DMPU) or of LiBr may improve or even reverse the ratio of epimeric products formed; the heptapeptide derivative 8 had to be solubilized for alkylations in THF by the addition of 30 equiv. of LiBr. Cleavage of the Ama groups (benzyl with H2/Pd-C, t-Bu with HCl/Et2O) gave carboxylate derivatives which are actually peptides containing the alkylated aminomalonic acid, the lower homolog of aspartic acid, as residue in the central position. These acids are quite resistant to decarboxylation which had to be achieved by heating at reflux in THF in the presence of 2 equiv. of LiBr and of catalytic amounts of pyridine (Schemes 17 and 18). A one-step removal of the allyl aminomalonate group is possible with Pd/PPh3/formate (Scheme 19). The resulting peptides, 101 – 115, were formed as separable 1 : 1 mixtures of two epimers. The CN group of the alkylated Aca residue can be removed reductively (Na/NH3; Scheme 20). The value of the new method is compared with that of existing methods of peptide-backbone modification.
Islamist appeal in Tunisia (1986)

The Tunisian ship of state sails on troubled waters. Although the aged and increasingly feeble Habib Bourguiba holds fast to his place at the helm, Prime Minister Mohammed Mzali, his designated successor, has been replaced by another party loyalist, Rashid Sfar, and the doubts about the succession which have troubled Western observers for years are now being confirmed. The economy is in serious disarray and has provoked discontent in every quarter. In the midst of the squalls, the unbroken voice of Islamists raised in political opposition is worrisome for those Tunisians who favor a liberalization of the political system and endorse the secular nature of the state. In Tunisia, as elsewhere in the Middle East in recent years, Islamists' invoke a re-valuation of the role of Islam in society and question the secularization of cultural life, social practices antithetical to Islamic precepts, and the implementation of positivist law. Especially condemnable is the influence of Western society, held responsible for having carried Muslim society far from the basic tenets of organic Islam. Even without the specter of Iran hovering in the background, many of these ideas are anathema to a class of Tunisian elites who have comfortably integrated selected
Growth differences among widely separated geographic accessions of fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens) in the great basin desert, New Mexico, USA (1998)

As part of a revegetation project, 16 accessions representing five varieties of Atriplex canescens (Pursch.) Nutt. were grown in a common garden experiment in northwestern New Mexico. The accessions were collected from Sonora, Mexico, to Idaho and from near sea level to 2800‐m elevation. Plants were grown for 16 months on native soil irrigated with saline water (4800–9400 mg L−1) collected from a seepage intercept system surrounding the ash disposal ponds at a coal‐fired power plant, at 1660‐m elevation. All but var. grandidentatum from Mexico had high survival, but there was a fourfold variation in the amount of net growth among accessions. The northern accessions had 50% greater net growth than the southern accessions. Revegetation projects that utilize A. canescens need to match the seed source to the local site conditions. Saline water recovered from the leach fraction below power plant ash ponds can be used to establish stands of A. canescens for revegetation projects.
Highly Basic CaO Nanoparticles in Mesoporous Carbon Materials and Their Excellent Catalytic Activity (2012)

Highly basic CaO nanoparticles immobilized mesoporous carbon materials (CaO-CMK-3) with different pore diameters have been successfully prepared by using wet-impregnation method. The prepared materials were subjected to extensive characterization studies using sophisticated techniques such as XRD, nitrogen adsorption, HRSEM-EDX, HRTEM and temperature programmed desorption of CO2 (TPD of CO2). The physico-chemical characterization results revealed that these materials possess highly dispersed CaO nanoparticles, excellent nanopores with well-ordered structure, high specific surface area, large specific pore volume, pore diameter and very high basicity. We have also demonstrated that the basicity of the CaO-CMK-3 samples can be controlled by simply varying the amount of CaO loading and pore diameter of the carbon support. The basic catalytic performance of the samples was investigated in the base-catalyzed transesterification of ethylacetoacetate by aryl, aliphatic and cyclic primary alcohols. CMK-3 catalyst with higher CaO loading and larger pore diameter was found to be highly active with higher conversion within a very short reaction time. The activity of 30% CaO-CMK3-150 catalyst for transesterification of ethylacetoacetate using different alcohols increases in the following order: octanol > butanol > cyclohexanol > benzyl alcohol > furfuryl alcohol.
An appraisal of the VLF ground resistivity technique as an aid to mineral exploration (1980)

To assist the Department of Industry Mineral
Reconnaissance Program (DIMRP) limited research
has been undertaken to provide guidelines on new
geophysical prospecting systems, field techniques
and general exploration methodology.
A short study has been made of the ground
VLF resistivity (VLF-R) method to assess its
potential for mineral prospecting and geological
mapping. Field trials confirm that the method is
well suited for mapping broad mineralised zones,
flat lying conductors of limited lateral extent, or
abrupt changes in conductivity associated with
geological contacts. In resistive terrains the method
offers distinct operational advantages over galvanic
resistivity methods. The principal disadvantages of
the technique relate to interpretational ambiguities
associated with the complex behaviour of surface
impedance at VLF and the fact that the operator
has no effective control over the depth of investigation.
Theoretical model studies show that too
small and too large a penetration can both result
in non-detection of a resistive target, but that
excessive penetration will not seriously affect the
resolution of conductive targets.
A regional modeling study of the entraining Mediterranean outflow (2007)

We have evaluated a regional‐scale simulation of the Mediterranean outflow by comparison with field data obtained in the 1988 Gulf of Cádiz Expedition. Our ocean model is based upon the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) and includes the Richardson number–dependent entrainment parameterization of Xu et al. (2006). Given realistic topography and sufficient resolution, the model reproduces naturally the major, observed features of the Mediterranean outflow in the Gulf of Cádiz: the downstream evolution of temperature, salinity, and velocity profiles, the mean path and the spreading of the outflow plume, and most importantly, the localized, strong entrainment that has been observed to occur just west of the Strait of Gibraltar. As in all numerical solutions, there is some sensitivity to horizontal and vertical resolution. When the resolution is made coarser, the simulated currents are less vigorous and there is consequently less entrainment. Our Richardson number–dependent entrainment parameterization is therefore not recommended for direct application in coarse‐resolution climate models. We have used the high‐resolution regional model to investigate the response of the Mediterranean outflow to a change in the freshwater balance over the Mediterranean basin. The results are found in close agreement with the marginal sea boundary condition (MSBC): A more saline and dense Mediterranean deep water generates a significantly greater volume transport of the Mediterranean product water having only very slightly greater salinity.
Shaping ability of the M4 handpiece and Safety Hedstrom Files in simulated root canals (1997)

The aim of this study was to assess the shaping ability of the M4 reciprocating handpiece and Safety Hedstrom files in simulated canals. A total of 40 simulated canals of various angles and positions of curvature were prepared with an M4 handpiece using Safety Hedstrom files oriented with the ground, flattened surface towards the inner aspect of the curve. A standard regimen was adopted throughout. Pre- and post-operative longitudinal images of the canals were taken with a video camera and stored and manipulated in a computer with image analysis software. The presence of canal aberrations and the amount and location of resin material removed as a result of preparation were determined from composite images of superimposed pre- and post-operative views. Preparation time varied significantly (P < 0.001) between the canal types; overall, 20 degrees canals were prepared more quickly than 40 degrees canals. Zips and elbows were observed in 16 out of the 40 canals with most (11) being created in 40 degrees specimens. Ledges were found in 19 canals and perforations in only 1. There were no significant differences between canal shapes for these aberrations. Excessive removal of material from the inner aspect of the canal at the curve to create a danger zone was found in 20 canals, but only in those with 40 degrees curves. Significant differences in total canal width between the canal types were seen at the zips (P < 0.05), elbows (P < 0.05) and danger zones (P < 0.001). Transportation at the danger zones varied significantly (P < 0.001) between canal types. Under the conditions of this study, the M4 handpiece and Safety Hedstrom files created hour-glass preparations in a substantial proportion of canals. In reality, the Safety Hedstrom file with its one flattened surface was ineffective at reducing removal of material along the inner aspect of canal curves in severely curved specimens and clearly has the potential to create strip perforations in teeth.
Lysine 539 of human band 3 is not essential for ion transport or inhibition by stilbene disulfonates (1989)

The anion transporter from human red blood cells, band 3, has been expressed in Xenopus laevis frog oocytes microinjected with mRNA prepared from the cDNA clone. About 10% of the protein is present at the plasma membrane as determined by immunoprecipitation of covalently bound 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-disulfonic acid stilbene (DIDS) with anti-DIDS antibody. The expressed band 3 transport chloride at a rate comparable to that in erythrocytes. Transport of chloride is inhibited by stilbene disulfonates, niflumic acid, and dipyridamole at concentrations similar to those that inhibit transport in red blood cells: DIDS and 4,4'-dinitro-2,2'-stilbene disulfonate inhibit chloride uptake with Kiapp of 34 nM and 2.5 microM, respectively. Lysine 539 has been tentatively identified as the site of stilbene disulfonate binding. Site-directed mutagenesis of this lysine to five different amino acids has no effect on transport. Inhibition by stilbene disulfonates or their covalent binding was not affected when Lys-539 was substituted by Gln, Pro, Leu, or His. However, substitution by Ala resulted in weaker inhibition and covalent binding. These results indicate that lysine 539 is not part of the anion transport site and that it is not essential for stilbene disulfonate binding and inhibition.
Chromosome 17 Polysomy without Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Amplification Does Not Predict Response to Lapatinib Plus Paclitaxel Compared with Paclitaxel in Metastatic Breast Cancer (2010)

This analysis could not confirm the hypothesis that Chr-17 polysomy in HER2-nonamplified patients improved chemotherapy outcome when lapatinib is added as a HER2-targeted treatment.
Chemosensoren für Gase und Lösungsmitteldämpfe. Ein Beitrag zur Umweltanalytik (1992)

Abstract Die Überprüfung der Luftqualität im chemischen Labor und gewerblichen Bereich wird im Rahmen von Umweltschutzmaßnahmen immer wichtiger. Dafür werden kleine Handgeräte mit Chemosensoren entwickelt, die auch der Laie problemlos bedienen kann. Engpaß bei der Konstruktion dieser Geräte sind geeignete chemisch sensitive Materialien.
Cognitive outcomes in children who present with a first unprovoked seizure (2010)

The results suggest that children with a single seizure represent a group that is distinctly different from children with epilepsy and are more similar to sibling controls. In contrast, even children with very mild epilepsy have significantly worse educational outcomes.
Buffer Coding for Asymmetric Multi-Level Memory (2007)

Certain storage media such as flash memories use write-asymmetric, multi-level storage elements. In such media, data is stored in a multi-level memory cell the contents of which can only be increased, or reset. The reset operation is expensive and should be delayed as much as possible. Mathematically, we consider the problem of writing a binary sequence into write-asymmetric q-ary cells, while recording the last r bits written. We want to maximize t, the number of possible writes, before a reset is needed. We introduce the term Buffer Code, to describe the solution to this problem. A buffer code is a code that remembers the r most recent values of a variable. We present the construction of a single-cell (n=1) buffer code that can store a binary (l=2) variable with t=[q/2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r-1</sup> ]+r-2 and a universal upper bound to the number of rewrites that a single-cell buffer code can have: t ≤ [q-1/l <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sup> -1]·r+[log <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</sub> {[(q-1) mod (l <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sup> - 1)]+1}]. We also show a binary buffer code with arbitrary n, q, r, namely, the code uses n q-ary cells to remember the r most recent values of one binary variable. The code can rewrite the variable t = (q-1)(n-2r+1)+r-1 times, which is asymptotically optimal in q and n. We then extend the code construction for the case r=2, and obtain a code that can rewrite the variable t=(q-1)(n-2)+1 times. When q=2, the code is strictly optimal.