gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Central Nervous System Synapses in Cell Culture (1976)

The general principles of synaptic transmission discovered in studies of peripheral synapses, especially the neuromuscular junction, have provided a remarkably successful basis for an understanding of central synaptic function (Katz 1966). Quantal transmitter release, receptor-ionophore activation by transmitter molecules, and specific alterations in postsynaptic surface membrane permeability would appear to be involved in transmission at a variety of central synapses. The inaccessibility and heterogeneity of central neurons, however, has made definitive study of synaptic mechanisms difficult, and detailed developmental studies are few. Even for the most exhaustively studied central synapse, the monosynaptic excitatory connection from Ia afferent sensory fibers to spinal motor neuron, some uncertainty still exists even as to the basic mechanism of the synaptic coupling. If this connection does operate by chemical transmission, as seems probable, the transmitter is still not positively identified (Otsuka and Konishi, this volume), and the factors involved in the statistical fluctuations of the
Interferon alpha-2a treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (1996)

We evaluated the long-lasting effects of systemic high-dose recombinant interferon alpha-2a (rIFNA) in relapsing-remitting (RR) MS after discontinuing treatment in a single-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial with 20 RR clinically definite MS patients using either nine million IU intramuscular rIFNA (n = 12) or placebo (n = 8) every other day for 6 months. Follow-up continued for a further 6 months without IFN treatment. In rIFNA-treated patients, main outcome measures, significantly different from placebo during treatment, returned, after discontinuing treatment, to values similar to placebo or baseline. Active MRI lesions per patient increased from 0.08 +/- 0.08 to 1.2 +/- 0.4 (p < 0.02), number of patients with clinical MRI signs of disease activity from 2 of 12 to 8 to 12 (P < 0.04), lymphocyte IFN gamma production from 3.0 +/- 0.7 to 12.4 +/- 2.2 IU/mL (p < 0.01), lymphocyte tumor necrosis factor alpha production from 5.8 +/- 0.9 to 18.9 +/- 6.3 pg/mL (p < 0.05). All side effects of rIFNA treatment disappeared after discontinuing the drug. The reduction of clinical MRI signs of disease activity and the immunologic effects were temporary and restricted to the period of rIFNA administration. The depression of many immunologic and clinical MRI responses during drug administration and their simultaneous return to baseline after discontinuing the drug strongly argue all observed changes were related to drug administration.
Multiple Episodes of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Result in Impaired Cognitive Performance in Mice (2004)

Abstract Objectives: Results from recent studies on animal models of concussion suggest that multiple, rather than single, episodes of mild traumatic brain injury result in impaired cognitive performance in mice. The objective of the present study was to administer multiple impacts to the heads of mice while directly measuring the force of the impacts to determine how these parameters are related to transient loss of consciousness, cognitive deficits, and potential neuropathologic effects. Methods: Seven‐week‐old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to experimental conditions involving three impacts (weight‐drop method) to the head to induce mild traumatic brain injury or to sham control procedures. Some impacted ( n = 10) and sham control ( n = 10) mice were evaluated behaviorally and tested for spatial learning using the Morris water maze (MWM), whereas other impacted ( n = 10) and sham control ( n = 5) mice were used for histopathologic analysis. Results: The mean (± SD) force of impact was 19 (± 3.5) N. Impacted mice took longer to regain consciousness compared with sham control mice (p < 0.0005). Behavioral test results showed that the groups did not differ on activity or sensorimotor tests or during cued trials in the MWM. Impacted mice exhibited impaired spatial learning performance during place trials in the MWM (p < 0.05). Silver staining revealed a contra‐coup type of injury involving ventral brain structures in contact with or in close proximity to the skull. Conclusions: This multiple‐impact model, delivered within a specifiable force range, results in transient, reversible loss of consciousness, a contra‐coup brain injury, and cognitive impairment.
Optimization Of Thickness Of Sb2Te3 Thin Film As Back Contact For CdTe Thin Film Solar Cells (2014)

Sb2Te3 thin films of different thickness ranging from 100 to 500 nm were prepared on glass substrate by thermal evaporation method. The effects of thickness on structural, optical and electrical properties of thin films were studied. XRD revealed that grain size increases from 1.1 to 98.7 nm with increase in film thickness. The internal strain and dislocation density decreased with increase in film thickness. The optical band gap decreases from 1.3 to 0.9 eV with increase in film thickness. AFM images indicated crystalline nature of Sb2Te3. Surface roughness increased up to 400nm after which it decreased. The resistivity decreases with increase in thickness at room temperature ranging from 2.9×10 -3 to 1.35×10 -4 ohm.cm. The work function and barrier height decreases as the film thickness increases from 5.45 to 5.05eV and barrier height from 0.3 to -0.1eV. The results elucidate that Sb2Te3back contact of 400 nm thickness is ideal and efficient to be used in CdTe solar cell.
A revision of the Malagasy endemic genus Chouxia Capuron (Sapindaceae) (1999)

Le genre endemique malgache Chouxia (Sapindaceae) a ete a l'origine decrit par CAPURON (1969) avec une unique espece tres variablc (C. sorindeioides), description accompagnee d'une cle de determination conduisant aux echantillons, basee sur la pilosite, ainsi que sur la taille et la forme des feuilles. Un reexamen attentif de ces criteres, complete par l'analysc de quelques aurres caracteres morphologiques (nombre de folioles, nervation, structure de l'inflorescence), et l'apport de nombreuses collections recentes, permettent de reconnaitre six especes dont cinq nouvelles sont decrites ici. Quatre de ces nouveautes etaient connues de CAPURON, la cinquieme ayant ete recoltee pour la premiere fois en 1994. Une seule espece se trouve dans les forets seches decidues du N de Madagascar, les autres etant limitees aux forets humides du NE de l'ile, surtout autour de la Baie d'Antongil et au N de Sambava. Une description amendee de l'espece-type est fournie pour refleter la nouvelle circonscription adoptee ici.
Introducing Hib Vaccine - practical issues explored (1992)

Routine immunisation againstHaemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is to be introduced nationally in October this year. Sara Hodgson outlines the lessons from a study in the Oxford region
Increasing the Viability of Fat Grafts by Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (2012)

To increase the viability of fat grafts using vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in a calcium alginate microsphere controlled release system. Twenty-four rats were divided into 4 groups of 6 rats each. Group 1 was the preconditioning group in which VEGF was applied prior to the fat grafting. In group 2, VEGF was given at the time of the grafting. In group 3, an empty microsphere was added to the grafting material. The fourth group, which received the fat graft only, was the control group. At the 90th day, samples of the fat grafts were weighed and compared with preimplantation weights. The graft viability ratios of the first 3 groups were significantly higher than those of the control group. The relative adipocyte index was significantly higher in the first and second groups compared with the control group and group 3. Consistent with the literature, VEGF used both in the preconditioning procedure and simultaneously with the grafting procedure increased the graft viability ratio and relative adipocyte index. This study suggests that VEGF-induced preconditioning of the recipient bed improves fat graft viability via increased revascularization. Topcu and coauthors investigated increasing the viability of fat grafts using vascular endothelial growth factor in a calcium alginate microsphere controlled release system.
Successful treatment of a squamous cell carcinoma in a white rhinoceros, <i>Ceratotherium simum</i> (2007)

A captive 33-year-old male white rhinoceros with seasonal dermatitis was diagnosed with a malignant squamous cell carcinoma on the right flank. Staphylococcus aureus was cultured from the skin lesions. No fungal or yeast was isolated. The dermatitis was treated with a combination of oral antibiotics (trimethoprim-sulphadiazine) and topically with weekly chlorhexidine washes and a mixture of a zinc oxide, balsam peru and bismuth oxide cream. Under azaperone and butorphanol anaesthesia, the skin tumour was surgically removed. The tumour was excised with wide margins and allowed to heal by secondary intention as primary wound closure was not possible. A post-mortem performed 2 years later for an unrelated condition revealed no metastases or recurrence of the skin tumour. It was presumed that chronic irritation or trauma may have contributed to the development of the skin tumour. This is the first detailed report of the successful treatment of a squamous cell carcinoma not associated with the horn in a rhinoceros.
Metal–Organic‐Framework‐Based Catalyst for Highly Efficient H<sub>2</sub> Generation from Aqueous NH<sub>3</sub>BH<sub>3</sub> Solution (2009)

Hydrogen release: A novel catalyst based on a MOF (metal–organic framework, see figure) exhibits unexpectedly high catalytic activity for hydrogen generation from aqueous NH3BH3 solution. The H2 release was complete within 5 min (NH3BH3, 0.32 m) at 298 K in air. This work presents a new strategy for a highly efficient catalyst preparation based on MOF-stabilised metal clusters. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Calibrating a VPL DataGlove for teleoperating the Utah/MIT hand (2003)

A system able to control the Utah/MIT hand with the VPL DataGlove has been developed. To get the actual joint angles from the DataGlove sensor values, a least-squares fit is used to find the best-fit exponential curve for each sensor, and then the correlation between the sensors is reduced by the iterative correlation elimination procedure. The calibration depends both on the wearer and the particular DataGlove being used. The first level calibration is simple and can be done in under 15 minutes with a little experience. The second level is fixed and requires no adjustments. To control the hand, a mapping from the DataGlove angles to the hand angles is applied, making the hand fingertips follow the DataGlove fingertips. The hand can successfully implement various high-level tasks under the DataGlove wearer's control.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Alumina: Catalyst and Support. XI.<sup>1</sup> Mechanism of Dehydration of Aliphatic Alcohols and the Formation of Cyclopropanes during Dehydration<sup>2</sup> (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlumina: Catalyst and Support. XI.1 Mechanism of Dehydration of Aliphatic Alcohols and the Formation of Cyclopropanes during Dehydration2C. N. Pillai and Herman PinesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 15, 3274–3279Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1961https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01476a023RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views203Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (586 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A Proposed Model for QoS Provisioning in IMS-Based IPTV Subsystem (2009)

A technical prerequisite for a converged network is a common service delivery platform that is independent from the access networks. The 3GPP SIP-based IP Multimedia Subsystem is defined for this purpose. On the other hand, Internet Protocol-based television (IPTV) is defined as multimedia services such as television/ video/ audio/ text/ graphics/ data delivered over IP-based networks to provide the required level of QoS. This article analyses the mechanisms of resource allocation and admission control by employing logical interfaces that carry SIP messages for Internet Protocol-based television services in NGN.
Ultrasonic Oscillations Effect on Extrusion Processing, Structure, and Properties of Blends of Propylene Based Plastomer and Ethylene/1-Octene Copolymer (2008)

The effects of ultrasonic oscillations on extrusion processing, phase morphology, and compatibility as well as mechanical properties for blends of propylene based plastomer (DP) and ethylene/1-octene copolymer (EOC) were examined. The results show that introduction of ultrasonic oscillations into polymer melts in extrusion can in situ improve their processability, including the reduction of die pressure and shear viscosity under a constant shear rate (flow rate) and the increase of throughput under the same shear stress (die pressure). Scanning electron microscopy observation reveals that with ultrasonic oscillations, morphology of reduced disperse phase (EOC) size and good interfacial adhesion between EOC and DP matrix are formed in DP/EOC blends. The interfacial tension between DP and EOC melts obtained from the Palierne emulsion model decreases with applying ultrasonic oscillations. FTIR and GPC analysis indicate that in situ copolymer formation between DP and EOC happens with ultrasonic oscillations and copolymer consequently acts as compatibilizer for the blends. Accordingly, it leads to an elevation of stress at break and elongation at break of the blends.
Striving for small-signal stability (2001)

Based on Bode's definition of return ratio with respect to a single controlled source, the loop-based two-port algorithm and device-based gain-nulling are proposed for small-signal stability analysis. These two algorithms are complementary in terms of applicability, and they produce accurate stability information for single-loop networks. After a brief primer on feedback and stability, we review Bode's feedback theory, where the return difference and return ratio concepts are applicable to general feedback configurations and avoid the necessity of identifying μ and /spl beta/. Middlebrook's null double-injection technique, which provides a laboratory-based way to measure return ratio, is then discussed in the modern circuit analysis context; we then extend the unilateral feedback-model used in Middlebrook's approach to accommodate both normal-and reverse-loop transmission and characterize the return loop using a general two-port-analysis. This loop-based two-port algorithm determines the stability of a feedback network in which a critical wire can be located to break all return loops. The device-based gain-nulling algorithm is then discussed to evaluate the influence of the local return loops upon network stability. This algorithm determines the stability of a feedback network in which a controlled source can be nulled to render the network to be passive. Conditions under which these two algorithms can be applied are discussed.
Global routing driven floorplanning (2002)

A novel global routing driven floorplanning approach is presented. Rectangular cells such as in macrocell design are considered. The major contributions of the paper are: (1) a new model for the prediction of shape functions which enables one to consider a more general class of floorplan representations. (2) An improved two-dimensional partitioning procedure. (3) A dynamic updating scheme that considers interconnect area around each cell during the floorplan assembly. The technique supports a global perspective and considers simultaneously different design goals. An analytic-based optimization technique is applied for port allocation. Experimental results from industrial examples with many irregular cells show a considerable improvement over previous attempts.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Portable method for the determination of snoring site by sound analysis (2004)

It has been shown that computerized sound frequency analysis can be used to distinguish between different snoring sites. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a portable recording method using audiotapes and digital minidisc formats could produce waveforms similar to a computer recording. The snores of 12 subjects in their natural sleep were recorded onto audiotape, minidisc and directly onto a computer. For each snorer and recording method 30 snore samples were analysed and their power ratio was calculated indicating the relative amount of sound below and above a set frequency. It was found that the power ratios from audiotape recordings were significantly different to those from computer recordings for all snoring sites (p = 0.0007), whereas there was no significant difference between minidisc and computer recordings (p = 0.41). These results indicate that it would be possible to base a portable snore analysis system for site determination on minidisc, but not on audiotape recordings.
A POTENTIAL STUDY ON CLOVE OIL, EUGENOL AND EUGENYL ACETATE AS DIESEL FUEL BIO‐ADDITIVES AND THEIR PERFORMANCE ON ONE CYLINDER ENGINE (2010)

Research on the potency of essential oils as diesel fuel bio-additives has been reported. It also has been found out that clove oil has a better performance than turpentine oil on decreasing Break Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) and reduces the exhaust emissions of the engine. Clove oil is essential oil the content of which is made of eugenol acting as the main component. Eugenol has a bulky structure, two oxygen atoms and can form eugenyl acetate from ester reaction. Eugenyl acetate has a bulkier structure and higher oxygen content than eugenol which leads to optimizing the process of fuel combustion. This experiment can give information about the potency of the bio-additive based on clove oil and eugenol and about the influence of oxygen enrichment with eugenol on the performance of the diesel fuel bio-additive. In general, this experiment covered three stages. The first step is the characterization of the diesel fuel bio-additive using a GCMS and FTIR spectrophotometer. The second step is the characterization of the diesel fuel bio-additive and composition optimization. The final step is conducting a diesel fuel bio-additive performance test on one cylinder engine on a laboratory scale. The results of the carried out experiment show that clove oil, eugenol and eugenyl acetate can decrease Break Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) and reduce the exhaust emissions of the engine as well as oxygen enrichment can help in reaching optimal fuel combustion.
Glucose Reduction Route Synthesis of Uniform Silver Nanowires in Large-scale (2004)

Abstract Silver nanowires with average diameters of ≈100 nm and lengths up to 800 μm were hydrothermally prepared in large scale by reducing silver nitrate with glucose in the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) at 160 °C. The reaction temperature, the initial concentrations of the reagents, and the kind of polymer have effects on the formation of silver nanowires. The possible formation mechanism of silver nanowires was proposed.
Broadband MC DS-CDMA using space-time and frequency-domain spreading (2003)

Multicarrier direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (MC DS-CDMA) using space-time spreading (STS) assisted transmit diversity and frequency-domain (F-domain) spreading is investigated in the context of broadband communications over frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channels. We consider the attainable capacity extension of broadband MC DS-CDMA by using time-frequency-domain (TF-domain) spreading. The BER performance of STS assisted broadband MC DS-CDMA using binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation and TF-domain spreading is investigated by simulation for a range of parameter values. Both the correlation based single-user detector and the decorrelating multiuser detector are considered. Our study shows that the number of users supported by the broadband MC DS-CDMA system is determined by the product of the T-domain spreading factor and the F-domain spreading factor, while it is independent of the frequency diversity order. Furthermore, when multiuser detection assisted F-domain spreading is considered, the broadband MC DS-CDMA system is capable of supporting a substantially increased number of users, while maintaining a similar bit error ratio (BER) performance to that of the broadband MC DS-CDMA system using no F-domain spreading.
Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis (1975)

POLYMYOSITIS is an inflammatory myopathy of unknown cause to which the term dermatomyositis is applied in the presence of the characteristic skin rash. These disorders share common features with the connective-tissue diseases and are usually classified together. It is said that there is an increased association with neoplasia.The Problem of DiagnosisThere are at present no generally accepted criteria for the diagnosis of polymyositis-dermatomyositis akin to the Jones criteria for rheumatic fever or to the American Rheumatism Association criteria for rheumatoid arthritis. Consequently, the basis for the diagnosis has varied widely in retrospective studies, which, . . .
NOAA 26.5 Ah LEO characterization test (1986)

The General Electric (GE) 26.5 Ah NOAA-G flight nickel-cadmium cells were obtained from RCA-Astro Electronics to undergo performance characterization testing at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). This lot of cells was manufactured with passivated positive plate, to control nickel structure attack duing active material impregnation, and less electrolyte than normal (less than 3cc/Ah). The cells were tested in a parametric low Earth orbit (LEO) cycling regime that was previously used to test and characterize standard 50 Ah cells. Life cycle testing at the Naval Weapons Support Center (NWSC), in Crane, followed. The results of the test showed nominal performance in comparison with previous test data on the standard 50. Life cycle testing in the NOAA orbital regime is continuing at NWSC.