gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Current Reused Divided-by-Two Frequency Divider (2013)

In this paper, a low power dissipation divide-by-two frequency divider is presented. The master latch and the slave latch of the divide-by-two frequency divider are stacked in cascode to reuse the current. The frequency divider can operate with only half the current of a conventional divider. A divide-by-two frequency divider based on the proposed topology is designed and simulated in a 0.18μm 1P6M CMOS process. Simulation results show the frequency divider can operate up to 11GHz with only 0.66mW power dissipation under 1.8V supply voltage. And it also demonstrates good phase noise performance.
Роля на фактори на средата при дълголетие (2017)

Понастоящем европейските държави в това число и България претърпяват значителни демографски промени, като средната продължителност на живота на европейците непрекъснато нараства, a раждаемостта спада. Според Европейската комисия тази тенденция ще се запази през следващите десетилетия, което ще доведе до състаряване на населението и до значителни промени в икономическия и здравния сектор. България не прави изключение и по данни на Националния статистически институт в края на 2015 г. 20,4% от населението е било над 65-годишна възраст. Процесът на стареене се превърна в изключително интересен проблем, тъй като e генетично заложен и възниква в резултат на намалена способност на организма да поддържа нормална хомеостаза. Механизмите все още не са добре изяснени, но те повишават риска за появата на множество заболявания на различни тъкани и органи. Проучванията в областта, обхващащи групи от близнаци столетници, показват, че дълголетието е в голяма степен генетично обусловено. Идентифицирането на молекулните механизми на стареенето ще подпомогне за създаване на лечебни стратегии, удължаващи продължителността на живота в условия на съхранена когниция и физическа активност. Използването на разработени
въпросници, свързани с оценката на начина на живот на столетниците, би могло да подпомогне идентифицирането на
фактори на средата с важно значение за дълголетието. Начинът на живот, съобразен с генетичните предиспозиции, би могъл значително да подобри качеството на живот сред възрастните хора в популацията.
Integrating smart cards into Kerberos (1999)

The aim of this thesis is to identify alternatives for the integration of smart cards into a classic Kerberos system. Some researchers have proposed specific solutions. Each proposal appeared to be limited and, hence, there was a need to identify what other approaches were available. \nIt was identified that smart cards can be added to each of the interfaces of Kerberos (user to authentication server, user to ticket granting server and user to application server). It appears most appropriate to use smart cards in the user to Authentication Server interface. The user's workstation is trusted with application data and so it will be usually appropriate for the application session keys to also be trusted to the user's workstation. \nThe smart card can be integrated into the user to Authentication Server mes­saging implementation so that the user's authentication information is never ex­posed to the workstation. Six options have been identified for the integration in this interface. \nSome of the concepts developed were prototyped in order to identify the prac­ticality of the suggestions. An early beta release of Kerberos from Massachusetts Institute of Technology was used as the base for prototyping. \nIt was found that complex protocols, such as Zero Knowledge Protocols, can­not be implemented on today's smart cards without special customisations by the smart card vendors. However, protocols that only required the use of com­mon cryptographic functions such as DES (Data Encryption Standard) and RSA (Rivest, Shamir and Adleman) can be implemented.
A further study of hydrolysates of gramicidin (1949)

Research Article| January 01 1949 A further study of hydrolysates of gramicidin R. L. M. Synge R. L. M. Synge 1The Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine, London Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1949) 44 (5): 542–548. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0440542 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation R. L. M. Synge; A further study of hydrolysates of gramicidin. Biochem J 1 January 1949; 44 (5): 542–548. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0440542 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search © 1949 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1949 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
[Criteria of age determination of the female population of various aboriginal nationalities of Kamchatka]. (1989)

Somatic development, sexual and bone maturity in 719 infant and young girls representing aboriginal populations (35) and Russian population (368) in Kamchatka were studied. Comparative analysis of the resulting data detected age-related diagnostical values which were specific for each group tested with reference to expression degree and quantitative evaluation. These data may be recommended as differential criteria for medicolegal age determination in infant and young girls living in Kamchatka within those ethnic groups which were examined by D. S. Tsandekov.
Introduction (2013)

Although environmental problems began with industrialisation, over time they have increased to an alarming degree. Indeed, eavesdropping on the conversations that swirled around the recently concluded United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20, 2012) suggests major environmental challenges persist. Social media messages were for the most part lamentations of the deep geographical (West versus the rest) and ideological divisions hampering the search for global environmental solutions. Despite efforts by hundreds of organisations worldwide such as the International Council for Adult Education (ICAE), major political/policy commitments by politicians to change the destructive ecological course were weak at best.
Media convergence: an architecture for iTV and mobile phone based interactive language learning (2004)

This paper explores the potential of convergent media, in this case interactive TV and mobile phone, for delivering interactive language learning. We propose an innovative and workable cross-media solution architecture that uses the power of the Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) stream, the Java programming environment and Bluetooth technology. We discuses the advantages that this architecture might have over current methods of delivering interactive content.
A novel fractal block-coding technique for digital images (2002)

An approach to digital image coding, rooted in iterated transformation theory (ITT) and referred to as ITT-based coding, is proposed. It is a fractal block-coding method which relies on the assumption that image redundancy can be efficiently exploited through block self-transformability. The coding-decoding system is based on the construction, for any given original image to encode, of an image transformation of a special kind which (when iterated on any initial image) produces a sequence of images that converges to a fractal approximation of the original. The requirements on the transformation are that (i) it is contractive in the metric space of images endowed with the L/sub 2/ metric, (ii) it leaves the original image approximately invariant, and (iii) its complexity is smaller than that of the original image. The fully automated ITT-based system has comparable performance, in terms of signal-to-noise-ratio and bit rate, to state-or-the-art vector quantizers, with which it shares some features.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Preclinical Pharmacokinetic Considerations for the Development of Antibody Drug Conjugates (2014)

Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are an emerging new class of targeted therapeutics for cancer that use antibodies to deliver cytotoxic drugs to cancer cells. There are two FDA approved ADCs on the market and over 30 ADCs in the clinical pipeline against a number of different cancer types. The structure of an ADC is very complex with multiple components and considerable efforts are ongoing to determine the attributes necessary for clinical success. Understanding the pharmacokinetics of an ADC and how it impacts efficacy and toxicity is a critical part of optimizing ADC design and delivery i.e., dose and schedule. This review discusses the pharmacokinetic considerations for an ADC and tools and strategies that can be used to evaluate molecules at the preclinical stage.
Generation of Silver Standard Concept Annotations from Biomedical Texts with Special Relevance to Phenotypes (2015)

Electronic health records and scientific articles possess differing linguistic characteristics that may impact the performance of natural language processing tools developed for one or the other. In this paper, we investigate the performance of four extant concept recognition tools: the clinical Text Analysis and Knowledge Extraction System (cTAKES), the National Center for Biomedical Ontology (NCBO) Annotator, the Biomedical Concept Annotation System (BeCAS) and MetaMap. Each of the four concept recognition systems is applied to four different corpora: the i2b2 corpus of clinical documents, a PubMed corpus of Medline abstracts, a clinical trails corpus and the ShARe/CLEF corpus. In addition, we assess the individual system performances with respect to one gold standard annotation set, available for the ShARe/CLEF corpus. Furthermore, we built a silver standard annotation set from the individual systems' output and assess the quality as well as the contribution of individual systems to the quality of the silver standard. Our results demonstrate that mainly the NCBO annotator and cTAKES contribute to the silver standard corpora (F1-measures in the range of 21% to 74%) and their quality (best F1-measure of 33%), independent from the type of text investigated. While BeCAS and MetaMap can contribute to the precision of silver standard annotations (precision of up to 42%), the F1-measure drops when combined with NCBO Annotator and cTAKES due to a low recall. In conclusion, the performances of individual systems need to be improved independently from the text types, and the leveraging strategies to best take advantage of individual systems' annotations need to be revised. The textual content of the PubMed corpus, accession numbers for the clinical trials corpus, and assigned annotations of the four concept recognition systems as well as the generated silver standard annotation sets are available from http://purl.org/phenotype/resources. The textual content of the ShARe/CLEF (https://sites.google.com/site/shareclefehealth/data) and i2b2 (https://i2b2.org/NLP/DataSets/) corpora needs to be requested with the individual corpus providers.
Enhanced Glaucoma Staging System (GSS 2) for Classifying Functional Damage in Glaucoma (2005)

Purpose: To introduce a new method, derived from the Glaucoma Staging System (GSS), for classifying glaucomatous visual field defects. Patients and Methods: Four sample groups composed respectively of 471 (sample #1), 128 (sample #2), 185 (sample #3), and 131 (sample #4) patients with either ocular hypertension or chronic glaucoma were considered. The GSS 2 uses both the MD and CPSD/CLV or PSD/LV perimetric indices to classify visual field defect in 6 stages and in 3 types (generalized, localized, and mixed). The formulas were determined using sample #1. A new borderline stage was created, on the basis of sample #2. The relationship between the PSD/LV and CPSD/CLV values was studied on sample #3 to verify the possibility of using the uncorrected indices instead of the CPSD/CLV. The relationship with other classification methods was studied on sample #4. Results: The GSS 2 showed a strong level of association with the AGIS and the Hodapp-Parrish-Anderson methods in staging defect severity. A good correlation was also found with a classification based on the Bebie curve. Conclusions: The GSS 2 was able to correctly classify both damage severity and perimetric defect type in the sample studied, using either the corrected or uncorrected visual field indices. It is a quick and easy method, and its formulas can be introduced in any software.
The binding of protein A of immunoglobulin G and of Fab and Fc fragments. (1979)

Results are presented to show that protein A (pA) may fix to the Fab region of IgG outside the antigen binding site. Thus, pA-reactive Fab fragments were isolated both from specific anti-egg albumin and specific anti-measles virus antibodies. A probable significance of this Fab reactivity in the precipitation reaction between IgG and pA is discussed. Reactive IgG from human, guinea pig, rabbit, and porcine normal sera all showed similar avidity towards pA. Slight differences between IgG subclasses were, however, observed. The avidity of pA-reactive Fab and Fc fragments, isolated from normal porcine IgG, was highest in the latter.
Efflux‐mediated antiseptic resistance gene <i>qacA</i> from <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>: common ancestry with tetracycline‐ and sugar‐transport proteins (1990)

Resistance to intercalating dyes (ethidium, acriflavine) and other organic cations, such as quaternary ammonium-type antiseptic compounds, mediated by the Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pSK1 is specified by an energy-dependent export mechanism encoded by the qacA gene. From nucleotide sequence analysis, qacA is predicted to encode a protein of Mr 55017 containing 514 amino acids. The gene is likely to initiate with a CUG codon, and a 36 bp palindrome immediately preceding qacA, along with an upstream reading frame with homology to the TetR repressors, may be components of a regulatory circuit. The putative polypeptide specified by qacA has properties typical of a cytoplasmic membrane protein, and is indicated to be a member of a transport protein family that includes proteins responsible for export-mediated resistance to tetracycline and methylenomycin, and uptake of sugars and quinate. The analysis suggests that N- and C-terminal regions of these proteins are involved in energy coupling (proton translocation) and substrate transport, respectively. The last common ancestor of the qacA and related tet (tetracycline resistance) lineages is inferred to have been repressor controlled, as occurs for modern tet determinants from Gram-negative, but not those from Gram-positive, bacteria.
Secondary voltage and reactive power support via smart inverters on a high-penetration distributed photovoltaic circuit (2016)

Long-established approaches exist for managing voltage and reactive power on the primary electric distribution systems; however, new methods that utilize newly available technologies are appearing. One emerging method is the use of smart inverters controlling distributed energy resources - such as distributed solar photovoltaics and batteries - to provide localized voltage and reactive power support. This paper reports on a real-world field demonstration project that utilized a portfolio of distributed smart inverters to provide localized secondary voltage and reactive power support on a San Diego Gas & Electric (SDG&E) distribution circuit. Voltage and reactive power support was achieved using two inverter control approaches: fixed power factor, and dynamic Volt-VAr control. The portfolio of distributed smart inverters was shown to modify voltage and reactive power on the secondary side of service transformers on a SDG&E distribution circuit.
Electromigration in Thin Al Films (1969)

The process of electromigration in thin Al films was studied directly by transmission electron microscopy during passage of current. Due to electromigration, the Al ions migrate along the test strip from cathode to anode, and the actual opening up of holes near the cathode was observed. The rate of hole formation was used to measure an activation energy. For the test strips, a value of 0.7 eV was obtained. In addition, some physical aspects of hole formation, as well as material buildup in the form of hillocks and single-crystal Al whiskers, were observed. Some of the whiskers, which were less than 1 μ in diameter, were seen to grow to unusual lengths, occasionally exceeding 50 μ.
An electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) study to probe the metal ion binding site in the DNA binding domain of the yeast transcriptional activator GAL4 (1997)

Electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is used to detect metal ions and their stoichiometry of binding in the DNA binding domain of GAL4. In this analysis, the mass spectra of the apo- and metallo-proteins differ by both mass and charge, precluding the possibility of random adduct formation. Deuterium exchange NMR experiments of Zn(II)-GAL4(7-49) indicate that the binuclear metal ion structure, which is shown to have a net negative charge of -2, is the recipient of several hydrogen bonds, notably from the main-chain amide protons of the ligating cysteine residues, indicating the charge is stabilised in this manner.
ROAFTS: a middleware architecture for real-time object-oriented adaptive fault tolerance support (2002)

A middleware architecture named ROAFTS (Real-time Object-oriented Adaptive Fault Tolerance Support) is presented. ROAFTS is designed to support adaptive fault-tolerant execution of not only conventional process-structured distributed real-time (RT) application software but also new-style object-structured distributed RT application software. While ROAFTS contains fault tolerance schemes devised for quantitatively guaranteed RT fault tolerance, it is also designed to relax that characteristic while the application is in a soft RT phase in order to reduce resource use. Through three different prototype implementation experiences using both commercial operating system kernels and home-grown RT kernels, the middleware architecture has been refined and its basic capabilities and effectiveness have been validated. The fault tolerance schemes supported and the integrating architecture are discussed in this paper. Implementation experiences and some future tasks are also discussed.
Transfusion of fresh frozen plasma in critically ill surgical patients is associated with an increased risk of infection (2008)

Transfusion of fresh frozen plasma is associated with an increased risk of infection in critically ill patients.
APS at Madison (1948)

The summer meeting of the American Physical Society was held in Madison June 21 to 23 during the interval between the spring commencement and the beginning of the summer session of the University of Wisconsin.
Estimation of the percentile maximum time interval error of Gaussian white phase noise (2002)

The MTIE is historically one of the main time-domain quantities considered for the specification of clock stability requirements in telecommunications standards. In this paper, MTIE is first introduced according to its classical definition and as a percentile quantity. Then, the percentile MTIE is estimated under the assumption of time error (TE) affected by Gaussian white phase modulation noise, by deriving the probability distribution, of the TE spanned range as a function of the noise standard deviation /spl sigma/. The formulas herein derived may allow to interpret common Allan-variance factory specifications in terms of percentile MTIE as well. In order to support the theory with sound experimental evidence, some results measured on state-of-the-art telecommunications clocks are eventually provided.
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for CML: a report from the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry. (1996)

The International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry (IBMTR), established in 1972, collects data on recipients of allogeneic bone marrow transplants from over 320 institutions, worldwide. Its database includes information for about 40% of all allogeneic transplants performed between 1964 and 1995.
[Effect of various factors on the mitotic activity of corneal epithelium of mice]. (1977)

The results of this work carried out in cell populations of mice corneal epithelium have shown the diurnal rhythm of the cell mitotic activity (MA) to be highly dependent upon experimental conditions, seasonal and diurnal regulation. The studied factors have been established to cause dynamic shifts in the kinetics of MA. Comparison of the pattern of the MA curve for the whole cell population with that for the subpopulation of labeled cells shows difference in their forms. These results cast some doubts on the validity of studies of the MA regimen while using some general criterion of index methods for the whole cell population irrespectively of the difference between the mitotic indices of their subgroups. Such method of evaluation is likely to introduce errors in its results. These errors may have their origin in diurnal flutuations of the mitotic duration, the beginning and end of the cell periods of immobility and in a loss of synchronism in the cell population.
(η<sup>6</sup>‐Arene)ruthenium(II) Labeling of Amino Acids and Peptides with Aromatic Side‐Chains (1997)

Abstract Bis(arene)ruthenium(II) complexes of the type [(η 6 ‐cymene)Ru(η 6 ‐aa)](CF 3 SO 3 ) n ( 2‐9 ) containing L‐tyrosine and L‐tryptophan derivatives may be prepared by treatment of [(η 6 ‐cymene)Ru({CH 3 ) 2 CO} 3 ](CF 3 SO 3 ) 2 with the appropriate bioligand in CH 2 Cl 2 , for fully protected compounds and CF 3 COOH for α‐amino acids (aa) with unprotected amine or carboxylic acid groups. Whereas the tyrosine and tryptophan methyl ester complexes [(η 6 ‐cymene)Ru(η 6 ‐H 2 tyrOMe)](CF 3 SO 3 ) 3 ( 4 ) and [(η 6 ‐cymene)Ru(η 6 ‐H 2 trpOMe)](CF 3 ‐SO 3 ) 3 ( 8 ) contain trications with protonated amino functions, the remaining compounds all exhibit dications. The crystal structure analysis of [(η 6 ‐cymene)Ru(η 6 ‐HtyrOH)](CF 3 SO 3 ) 2 ( 5 ) confirms a marked distortion towards an η 5 ‐oxohexadienyl coordination with deprotonation of the aromatic side chain. Although facial isomers are formed in an effectively 1:1 ratio for all tryptophan derivatives fractional crystallization allowed an X‐ray structural characterization of the β‐isomer of [(η 6 ‐cymene)Ru(η 6 ‐ActrpOMe)](CF 3 SO 3 ) 2 ( 6 ). Chemospecific labeling of the tryptophan side chain was established for the mixed dipeptide phenylalanyltryptophan.
Point-to-plane corona: Current-voltage characteristics for positive and negative polarity with evidence of an electronic component (1986)

A series of measurements carried out with the point-to-plane symmetry has shown that positive corona confirms the Townsend relation while for the negative corona this happens only at large point-to-plane distances (greater than 1.5 cm). In this case, the ratio of the prefactors in Townsend relation, for the same geometry, approaches the expected constant (the ratio of the mobilities) at larger distances, around 6 cm. For distances below 1.5 cm, the square root of the current is linear with the voltage, with an intercept of ∼1.4 kV. The results are interpreted as giving evidence of an electronic component at small distances, as suggested by Sigmond. The characteristics change to Townsend at higher distances when the electronic component becomes small as compared with the ionic one.