gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fretting Wear Characteristics of the Corroded Fuel Cladding Tubes for Nuclear Fuel Rod against Supporting Girds (2007)

Fuel cladding tubes in nuclear fuel assembly are held up by supporting grids because the tubes are long and slender. Fluid flows of high-pressure and high-temperature in the tubes cause oscillating motions between tubes and supports. This is called as FIV (flow induced vibration), which causes fretting wear in contact parts of tube and support. The fretting wear of tube and support can threaten the safety of nuclear power plant. Therefore, a research about the fretting wear characteristics of tube-support is required. The fretting wear tests were performed with supporting grids and cladding tubes, especially after corrosion treatment on tubes, in water. The tests were done using various applied loads with fixed amplitude. From the results of fretting tests, the wear amounts of tube materials can be predictable by obtaining the wear coefficient using the work rate model. Due to stick phenomena the wear depth was changed as increasing load and temperature. The maximum wear depth was decreased as increasing the water temperatures. At high temperatures there are the regions of some severe adhesion due to stick phenomena.
Improving Human-Machine Interfaces for Construction Equipment Operations with Mixed and Augmented Reality (2008)

Improving Human-Machine Interfaces for Construction Equipment Operations with Mixed and Augmented Reality
The Cambridge Handbook of Personal Relationships (2006)

The Cambridge Handbook of Personal Relationships serves as a benchmark of the current state of scholarship in this dynamic field synthesizing the extant theoretical and empirical literature, tracing its historical roots, and making recommendations for future directions. The volume addresses a broad range of established and emerging topics including: theoretical and methodological issues that influence the study of personal relationships; research and theory on relationship development, the nature and functions of personal relationships across the lifespan; individual differences and their influences on relationships; relationship processes such as cognition, emotion, and communication; relational qualities such as satisfaction and commitment; environmental influences on personal relationships; and maintenance and repair of relationships. The authors are experts from a variety of disciplines including several subfields of psychology, communication, family studies and sociology who have made major contributions to the understanding of relationships.
Epidemiology of Measles Immunity in a Population of Healthcare Workers (1992)

Age is the most clinically significant predictor of measles antibody, especially in persons born after 1950, who make up a large group susceptible to measles.
[A case of cystic maculopathy during paclitaxel therapy]. (2010)

Paclitaxel treated patients should be followed carefully for ophthalmic complications, especially cystic maculopathy.
Clinical guidelines for the medical management of left-sided ulcerative colitis and ulcerative proctitis: Summary statement (2006)

There are few published guidelines for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Physicians choose therapy based on evidence-based data, peer and expert opinion, and personal experience. This article provides treatment guidelines for the induction and maintenance of ulcerative proctitis and left-sided colitis and the management of disease refractory to 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) compounds and corticosteroids The guidelines are derived from evidence-based data and, when lacking, expert opinion or the authors' experience. The comprehensive review of the literature is presented in the accompanying article, "The Medical Management of Left-Sided Ulcerative Colitis and Ulcerative Proctitis: Critical Evaluation of Therapeutic Trials". Rectally administered 5-ASA and corticosteroid suppositories are effective treatment for most ulcerative proctitis patients. Corticosteroid and 5-ASA enemas, which reach the splenic flexure of the colon, are recommended for patients with left-sided ulcerative colitis. The combination of rectally administered 5-ASA enemas and oral 5-ASA agents may afford better treatment of left-sided colitis and possibly prevent proximal extension of disease. Patients refractory to 5-ASAs and corticosteroids may require an immunomodulator or biological response modifier therapy. Those who have ongoing signs and symptoms of ulcerative proctitis and left-sided ulcerative colitis despite maximal medical therapy require a proctocolectomy.
Analysis of carbon nanotube intramolecular p-n tunnel junction transistors (2004)

A theory of intramolecular p-n junction transistors that is based on mesoscopic material parameters is presented. The tunneling rate across each junction was calculated using, the Matsubara-Green's function technique. Characteristics of the transistor such as gain, output voltage versus current, and output voltage versus input voltage were calculated. The results of the theory are compared with experimental data. Our formalism also predicts new features such as voltage steps in the negative differential region of the current-voltage characteristics, and a device with current limiting features.
A Systems Approach to Corporate Sustainability in Energy Management of Industrial Units (2008)

This paper presents a ldquoproof of conceptrdquo system methodology for the energy management of industrial units examining them as socio-technical systems. The cybernetic viable system model (VSM) of Beer is used to consider an industrial unit as a viable organization and through this consideration to diagnose the technical and managerial gaps identifying the Best Interventions Plan according to principles of sustainability. Based on a case study concerning a Fertilizers Production Plant, a framework is developed that could be extensively used for energy management of industrial units. The systems approach of this framework emerges as a unique available tool to implement the principles of sustainability in industrial energy management.
[The reversing effect of HPV-16 E6E7 gene antisense plasmid on the HPV-16 positive human cervical carcinoma cells]. (1995)

Antisense reconstruct, p16as E6E7Neo, harboring HPV-16E6E7 gene of which the expression is regulatable by dexamethasone was constructed. Calcium phosphate mediated transfection was employed to transduce this antisense reconstruct into HPV-16 positive CasKi cell line and HPV negative C-33A cell line (both derived from human cervical carcinoma) respectively. After dexamethasone was added into the culture medium to induce the expression of E6E7 antisense gene, the malignity of CasKi cells were reversed, while the growth characteristics and malignity of C-33A cells were unchanged. The results show that the reversing effect on CasKi cell is specific and mediated by inhibition of expression of E6E7 gene. It also demonstrated a more profound pathogenic role of HPV-16 E6E7 gene in the tumorogenesis of cervical carcinoma and provides a possibility for gene therapy of this tumor.
Question Answering System using Multiple Information Source and Open Type Answer Merge (2015)

Seonyeong Park, Soonchoul Kwon, Byungsoo Kim, Sangdo Han, Hyosup Shim, Gary Geunbae Lee. Proceedings of the 2015 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Demonstrations. 2015.
Quasi-CWDM optical network: cost effective and spectrum efficient architecture for future optical networks (invited) (2015)

Elastic optical network (EON) is a promising candidate for the next generation optical transport network because of its high spectrum efficiency and flexible spectrum allocation. However, to migrate from today's dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) network to EON, optical nodes such as reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers (ROADMs) should be replaced with the ones with expensive flexi-grid wavelength selective switches (WSSs). Thus, whether and how today's optical network will be evolved to EON is still under debate. Meanwhile, with the technical maturity of optical super-channels that transmit bit rates at the level of 1 Tb/s, super-channels are expected to dominate the future optical transport network because of their attractiveness of high spectrum efficiency and superior cost effectiveness. In this paper, we propose a new quasi-coarse wavelength division multiplexing (Quasi-CWDM) optical network architecture that is compatible to today's WDM network in spectrum operation, while still maintaining the flexibility of adaptation between the bit rate and the transparent reach of an optical super-channel, but not requiring expensive flexi-grid WSSs. Specifically, the Quasi-CWDM optical network employs large fixed frequency grids, whose spacing falls between the traditional CWDM and DWDM, e.g., 200 GHz or 400 GHz. To maintain the flexibility between the bit rate and the transparent reach of an optical super-channel, different modulation formats are chosen according to channel physical distances. To minimize network hardware cost and maximize carried user traffic demand, we develop a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model and a heuristic algorithm that can efficiently groom upper-layer IP traffic onto the optical layer by optical super-channels. We compare the design based on the Quasi-CWDM network to those based on the DWDM network and the advanced EON. It is found that the proposed Quasi-CWDM network has a much lower hardware cost than the other two types of networks, while achieving spectrum efficiency close to EON.
p-Cresol and Cardiovascular Risk in Mild-to-Moderate Kidney Disease (2010)

These findings suggest that p-cresol measurements may help to predict cardiovascular disease risk in renal patients over a wide range of residual renal function, beyond traditional markers of glomerular filtration. Whether p-cresol is a modifiable cardiovascular risk factor in CKD patients remains to be proven.
Self Authenticating Proxies (1994)

Authentication and access control are usually implemented as two separate protection mechanisms because they are logically separate functions. A consistent approach to both of these functions is proposed in this paper. In this new approach, resource management, another aspect of protection, can also be included. By combining the properties of public key encryption with cascading proxies, a single mechanism is devised to provide these three aspects of protection. The mechanism provides independence from the system infrastructure and from any particular security domain, control policy or authentication server, enabling principles to define and enforce their own protection requirements.
Interpretation Of Velocity Spectra Through An Adaptive Modeling Strategy†Presented a t the 41st Annual International SEG Meeting, November 11, 1971, Houston, Texas. Manuscriptreceived by the Editor December 9, 1971; revised manuscript received May 23, 1972. (1972)

Abstract The value of the velocity spectra ultimately rests upon the capability of properly identifying primary reflections. Usually, this identification involves a significant expenditure of time by an experienced geophysicist. Because of increasing quantities of data requiring processing and the variance in the skill between individual interpreters, it is desirable to perform a substantial amount of the interpretational work automatically on a digital computer. The procedure presented in this paper uses an adaptive modeling strategy. Interval velocity and layer thickness are systematically adjusted by an iterative parameter optimization algorithm until the velocity spectra (semblance function surface) generated by the model match the spectra generated from the field data in a given optimal sense. In an example, comparisons are made between the spectra derived from the field data and the model. The interval velocity, as a function of depth, calculated from the model compares favorably with the sonic log of a nearby well.
The role of diffusion phenomena in polymer-to-polymer adhesion (1963)

In the present paper different views concerning polymer-to-polymer adhesion were considered and the theory suggested whereby adhesion of high polymers as well as autohesion is reduced to diffusion of chain molecules or their segments and to the formation of a sturdy bond between the adhesive and the adherend as a result. From the viewpoint of the suggested theory the influence of such factors as the duration of contact between the adhesive and the adherend, contact temperature, molecular weight of the adhesive, shape and polarity of macromolecules, and phase state of polymers was considered and explained.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF (.+‐.)‐NORRUSPOLINE (1983)

Abstract Die Synthese der in Ruspolia hyperecratiformis enthaltenden Titelverbindung (II) (Ausb. in mg) aus dem leicht zugänglichen Alkohol (Ia) gelingt auf einfache Weise durch Verwendung von TiCl 4 .
Napoleon I (1877)

Napoleon I Get access H. P. A. H. P. A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s5-VII, Issue 158, 6 January 1877, Pages 7–8, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s5-VII.158.7e Published: 06 January 1877
Calorimetric analysis of microbial growth: with special reference to quantitative evaluation of drug action. (1990)

Our research method for the calorimetric characterization of the biological effects of drugs and other chemicals on metabolic activities of living cells is outlined. The effects of various substances on different microbial systems were studied quantitatively using a calorimeter, and the results were used to plot drug potency curves for each drug. The method was also used to study microbial activity in soil. It was found to be a useful technique for the quantitative characterization of pollutants in ecological systems.
LOCK&LOCK은 중국에서 어떻게 성공할 수 있었는가 (2017)

락앤락(Lock&Lock)은 작은 무역 회사에서 현재 중국시장을 넘어 글로벌 생활 용품 회사로 거듭나게 되었다. 락앤락은 중국의 브랜드 연구센터에서 식품용기 분야 브랜드 파워 지수 1위 업체로 선 정되었으며 세계 시장에서 강력한 브랜드파워를 가지고 있다. 그리고 락앤락의 성공 비결은 기존의 다른 기업들의 시장 진입 방법과는 다른 전략 혁신으로 볼 수 있다. 첫째, 제품 생산에 있어서 노동집약적인 제조시스템에서 탈피해서 연구개발과 마케팅에 집중하였다. 둘째, 락앤락은 초창기에 중국 현지에 공장이 있음에도 한국의 공장에서 제품을 수입하여 중국의 주력상 점에 판매하고 중국에서 만든 제품은 한국의 홈쇼핑 채널과 할인점에 판매하는 전략으로 고품질 및 우 수한 브랜드 이미지에 집중하였다. 셋째, 현지화 전략을 통해 다양한 유통채널을 확보하였는데 락앤락은 홈쇼핑, 백화점, 대형할인점, 주방용품 전문점, 인터넷쇼핑몰 등 다양한 유통망을 확충하였다. 마지막으 로 락앤락은 시장 진입 초창기에는 파트너십을 맺어 진출하였고 홈쇼핑을 적극적으로 활용해서 브랜드 이미지를 구축하였다. 최근 중국 시장의 경기 성장 둔화, 중국과의 기술격차 감소 등의 이유로 중국에 진출한 국내 기업이 어 려움을 겪고 있다. 이렇게 중국에 진출한 기업 중에서 대표적으로 성공한 락앤락이 어떤 혁신 전략을 통해 중국시장에서 지금의 성공을 이루어 왔는지에 대해 중국 내수시장과 유통시장을 통해 알아보고자 한다.
Ferroelectricity in Barium Titanate Quantum Dots and Wires (2003)

Properties of BaTiO3 colloidal quantum dots and wires are simulated using a first-principles-based approach. Large atomic off-center displacements (that are robust against capping matrix materials) are found to exist in very small (<5 nm) dots. We further determine the size dependences of electrical and electromechanical responses in the studied nanostructures, as well as provide microscopic understanding of these responses.
Hydrogen Permeability of Mulitphase V-Ti-Ni Metallic Membranes (2005)

Development of advanced hydrogen separation membranes in support of hydrogen production processes such as coal gasification and as front end gas purifiers for fuel cell based system is paramount to the successful implementation of a national hydrogen economy.Current generation metallic hydrogen separation membranes are based on Pd-alloys.Although the technology has proven successful, at issue is the high cost of palladium.Evaluation of non-noble metal based dense metallic separation membranes is currently receiving national and international attention.The focal point of the reported work was to evaluate a Group 5A-Ta, Nb, V-based alloy with respect to microstructural features and hydrogen permeability.Electrochemical hydrogen permeation testing of the V-Ti-Ni alloy is reported herein and compared to pure Pd measurements recorded as part of this same study.The V-Ti-Ni was demonstrated to have a steady state hydrogen permeation rate an order of magnitude higher than the pure Pd material in testing conducted at 22C.
Fetal Heart Rate Patterns (1972)

To the Editor.— After reviewing fetal heart rate recordings of more than 1,750 parturients in late labor and using the concepts of ominous deceleration fetal heart patterns, our accuracy in prediction of low Apgar scores was remarkably close to that described by Schrifton and Dame ( 219 :1322,1972). Mainly that we diagnosed 4 1/2 times as many fetuses in distress as proved to be so, as judged by the newborn's overall condition and its five-minute Apgar score. Based on this experience, we have ceased to use the deceleration pattern concept in late labor as the sole basis for diagnosis of fetal distress since these false diagnoses led to an excessive number of difficult operative deliveries. Unless Dr. Schrifton is able to restrain himself and his associates from taking some form of heroic action when abnormal heart patterns appear in late labor, I think it is argumentive whether the type of fetal
Practice Parameter: The Management of Acute Gastroenteritis in Young Children (1996)

This practice parameter formulates recommendations for health care providers about the management of acute diarrhea in children ages 1 month to 5 years. It was developed through a comprehensive search and analysis of the medical literature. Expert consensus opinion was used to enhance or formulate recommendations where data were insufficient. The Provisional Committee on Quality Improvement of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) selected a subcommittee composed of pediatricians with expertise in the fields of gastroenterology, infectious diseases, pediatric practice, and epidemiology to develop the parameter. The subcommittee, the Provisional Committee on Quality Improvement, a review panel of practitioners, and other groups of experts within and outside the AAP reviewed and revised the parameter. Three specific management issues were considered: (1) methods of rehydration, (2) refeeding after rehydration, and (3) the use of antidiarrheal agents. Main outcomes considered were success or failure of rehydration, resolution of diarrhea, and adverse effects from various treatment options. A comprehensive bibliography of literature on gastroenteritis and diarrhea was compiled and reduced to articles amenable to analysis. Oral rehydration therapy was studied in depth; inconsistency in the outcomes measured in the studies interfered with meta-analysis but allowed for formulation of strong conclusions. Oral rehydration was found to be as effective as intravenous therapy in rehydrating children with mild to moderate dehydration and is the therapy of first choice in these patients. Refeeding was supported by enough comparable studies to permit a valid meta-analysis. Early refeeding with milk or food after rehydration does not prolong diarrhea; there is evidence that it may reduce the duration of diarrhea by approximately half a day and is recommended to restore nutritional balance as soon as possible. Data on antidiarrheal agents were not sufficient to demonstrate efficacy; therefore, the routine use of antidiarrheal agents is not recommended, because many of these agents have potentially serious adverse effects in infants and young children. This practice parameter is not intended as a sole source of guidance in the treatment of acute gastroenteritis in children. It is designed to assist pediatricians by providing an analytic framework for the evaluation and treatment of this condition. It is not intended to replace clinical judgment or to establish a protocol for all patients with this condition. It rarely will provide the only appropriate approach to the problem. A technical report describing the analyses used to prepare this parameter and a patient education brochure are available through the Publications Department of the AAP.
Performance of XeF/KrF lasers pumped by fast discharges (1976)

The output energy and pulse shape of XeF/KrF lasers pumped by fast discharges were measured at various gas compositions and total pressures. For the KrF laser, the maximum output (1.6 mJ) was obtained in a gas mixture of He:Kr:NF3=100:5:0.2 at a total pressure of 700 Torr. The output energy density was 160 mJ/l, and the electrical efficiency was 0.06%. The peak power was 55 kW. For the XeF laser, the maximum output (10 mJ) was obtained in a gas mixture of He:Xe:NF3=100:4:2 at a total pressure of 500 Torr. The peak output power was 1 MW. The output energy density (660 mJ/l) was a factor of 10 higher, and the efficiency (0.5%) was a factor of 2.5 higher than reported earlier.
About Multichannel Speech Signal Extraction and Separation Techniques (2012)

The extraction of a desired speech signal from a noisy environment has become a challenging issue. In the recent years, the scientific community has particularly focused on multichannel techniques which are dealt with in this review. In fact, this study tries to classify these multichannel techniques into three main ones: Beamforming, Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and Time Frequency (T-F) masking. This paper also highlights their advantages and drawbacks. However these previously mentioned techniques could not afford satisfactory results. This fact leads to the idea that a combination of those techniques, which is depicted along this study, may probably provide more efficient results. Indeed, giving the fact that those approaches are still be considered as being not totally efficient, has led us to review these mentioned above in the hope that further researches will provide this domain with suitable innovations.
Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Ketorolac and Meperidine in the Relief of Dental Pain (1992)

A single-dose, randomized, double-blind study of parallel design was conducted to determine the analgesic efficacy and safety of ketorolac tromethamine in patients who experience moderate or severe pain after the surgical removal of three or more third molars, one of which was a bony-impacted mandibular molar. Meperidine hydrochloride was used as the control analgesic. In this 8-hour study, assessments were made of pain intensity, pain relief, and overall rating of the medication in 145 patients, each of whom had received an intramuscular injection of 10 mg, 30 mg, or 90 mg of ketorolac, or 50 mg or 100 mg of meperidine. The summed pain intensity and total pain relief scores showed that, at 3 and 8 hours, the effectiveness of 30 mg of ketorolac was similar to that of 90 mg ketorolac and that both of these doses were significantly more efficacious than 10-mg ketorolac, 50-mg meperidine, or 100-mg meperidine. Patients who received 30 mg or 90 mg of ketorolac gave the study medication significantly higher ratings overall than did patients who received 50 mg or 100 mg of meperidine. Significantly fewer patients treated with ketorolac reported adverse events in comparison with those treated with meperidine (17% and 59%, respectively), which suggests that it possesses a better therapeutic index than meperidine. Thus, ketorolac appears to represent an important advance in analgesic therapy.