gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of the Motion of Water Molecules in NaBr·2H2O by the NMR Method (1970)

The temperature variation of the second moment of the NMR spectrum of a powdered sample of NaBr·2H2O has been studied experimentally and explained on a theoretical basis. Below 126°K the second moment is constant at about 27.4 G2 (the rigid-lattice value); above this temperature it decreases at first slowly to 25.4 G2 at 174°K and then more rapidly until it reaches a value of 11.5 G2 at about 240°K, where it remains practically constant up to the room temperature (295°K). The slow diminution between 126 and 174°K is attributed to the flipping motion of the water molecules. Theoretical formulas are newly developed for the powder spectrum based on the single crystal formulas given by Pederson to explain quantitatively this slow fall. The agreement between the theoretical and experimental value is satisfactory. The large drop in the second moment beyond 174°K is explained partly on the basis of an onset of free rotation of one of the water molecules about one of its O–H axes and partly attributed to the increased rocking and twisting vibrations of the other water molecule which is bound more strongly in the lattice. The estimated value of the potential barrier hindering the rotation of this water molecule is found to be of the expected order of magnitude. The NMR line has no fine structure below 240°K but starts exhibiting it above this temperature. It is characteristic of a three-spin system. This feature is discussed in the light of the rotating water molecule model suggested above. The above results on the second moment confirm the hydrogen-bonding scheme suggested for NaBr·2H2O from an NMR study of the line splittings in single crystals.
The Isolation and Mapping of Disease Resistance Gene Analogs in Maize (1998)

Many of the plant disease resistance genes that have been isolated encode proteins with a putative nucleotide binding site and leucine-rich repeats (NBS-LRR resistance genes). Oligonucleotide primers based on conserved motifs in and around the NBS of known NBS-LRR resistance proteins were used to amplify sequences from maize genomic DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Eleven classes of non-cross-hybridizing sequences were obtained that had predicted products with high levels of amino acid identity to NBS-LRR resistance proteins. These maize resistance gene analogs (RGAs) and one RGA clone obtained previously from wheat were used as probes to map 20 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) loci in maize. Some RFLPs were shown to map to genomic regions containing virus and fungus resistance genes. Perfect cosegregation was observed between RGA loci and the rust resistance loci rp1 and rp3. The RGA probe associated with rp1 also detected deletion events in several rp1 mutants. These data strongly suggest that some of the RGA clones may hybridize to resistance genes.
3D Analysis of the anterior segment of human eye in vitro from high resolution magnetic resonance imaging (1992)

A 3D image processing of NMR images provides curves and surfaces of cornea and lens. Images are segmented by a 3D edge detector. Deformable models allow to close edges and to obtain smooth surfaces of the organs. Curvatures are derived from the analytical representation of the surface.
The Role of Putative Fibrinogen Aα-, Bβ-, and γA-chain Integrin Binding Sites in Endothelial Cell-mediated Clot Retraction (1997)

In this study, endothelial cell-mediated clot retraction was supported by fibrin generated from several purified fractions of plasma fibrinogen, purified proteolytic fragments of plasma fibrinogen, recombinant normal fibrinogen, and recombinant variant fibrinogen. These results were surprising because some of these fibrinogens lack domains that are known binding sites for the integrin receptors that support clot retraction. Specifically, fibrinogens lacking Aalpha-chain RGD residues at 572-574 or lacking the gamma-chain residues AGDV 408-411 supported endothelial cell-mediated clot retraction as well as intact fibrinogen. Thus, clot retraction mediated by endothelial cells is not dependent on either of these sites. A variety of monoclonal antibodies against the integrin alphavbeta3 partially inhibited the endothelial cell-mediated retraction of clots formed from plasma fibrinogen. As expected, an antibody to the platelet integrin alphaIIbbeta3 did not inhibit endothelial cell-mediated clot retraction. These results indicate that this retraction is mediated at least in part by alphavbeta3. These results support the conclusion that (a) neither of the two fibrinogen cell binding sites described above is required to support clot retraction or that (b) either site alone or in conjunction with other fibrin(ogen) region(s) can support clot retraction. Thus, endothelial cell-mediated clot retraction appears to be dependent on fibrinogen cell binding sites other than those required to support adhesion of resting platelets to immobilized fibrinogen and platelet aggregation.
Independent Joint Vibration Suppression Control of Elastic Actuators for Safe Biped Robot (2012)

We have developed safe, soft, and energy-saving actuators which have the elastic mechanism. Using proposed soft actuators, a robot with twelve joints has been developed. Due to the elasticity of the actuator, vibration of joints arises when usual joint control is adopted. In this paper, a new vibration suppression control based on Lie algebra is proposed. Rubustness for inertia fluctuation is evaluated by experiments. Finally, standing experiment by using the proposed control has been carried out.
Effect of Indium Filler Metal on Tensile Strength of Sn/Ni Bond Interface (2011)

本研究では，低温・低荷重での接合を必要とする箇所へのフィラーメタルを用いた低温接合法の適用を目的として，SnとNiの接合部に対し，Snとの間で低温の共晶点を有するInを適用し，界面特性に及ぼすフィラーメタルの適用効果について検討した。その結果，フィラーメタルを適用することで，約30 K低温でSn中で母材破断する接続部を形成可能であることがわかった。これは，接合部に一時的に液相を形成することで，接合初期における接合面の密着化が達成され，接合面の酸化皮膜の分解とその後のSnとNiの反応拡散層形成が促進されることで，より低温・低変形量で高い引張強さを有する継手が得られたものと推察される。
Multi-Mode Modulator and Frequency Demodulator Circuits for Gb/s Data Rate 60 GHz Wireless Transceivers (2007)

Compact RF circuits that enable Gb/s wireless links on integrated 60 GHz radios are presented. A multi-mode modulator performs a variety of signaling schemes including MSK directly from a digital bit-stream and also performs the IF up-conversion. An FM discriminator operates at an IF frequency of 9 GHz with a sensitivity of -70 dBm referred to the RF input and yields an output digital bit stream. Implemented in a SiGe 0.13μm BiCMOS process as part of a transceiver chipset, the modulator and demodulator occupy an area of only 0.03mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and 0.02mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , respectively. The performance of the proposed circuits is verified individually and also in a HDTV 2 Gb/s MSK link.
Comparison of various approaches for joint Wiener/Kalman filtering and parameter estimation with application to BASS (2011)

In recent years, the Kalman filter (KF) has encountered renewed interest, due to an increasing range of applications. Even though in many cases the state-space model may be linear, it is often only known up to the values of some parameters, usually related to the vector autoregressive process of the state evolution equation. In this paper, after finding motivation in some applications, we review a number of approaches for adaptive Kalman filtering (AKF), in which state and parameters get estimated jointly. We propose an improved version of the Extended KF (EKF) in which the estimation error covariance matrix is computed exactly assuming overall joint Gaussianity. We also compare the performance and Cramer Rao bounds (CRBs) of joint Maximum A Posteriori Maximum Likelihood (MAP-ML) estimation of Bayesian state and deterministic parameters, and marginalized ML estimation of the parameters, and relate this to the Expectation-Maximization KF (EM-KF). The perspectives involve also the Variational Bayesian KF (VB-KF).
DENSITY MEASUREMENTS IN A BOILING CHANNEL (1963)

Preliminary results are presented for an experimental program concerning the measurement of total void and mean density in a water-cooled boiling channel. Use is made of a dilatation technique. Experimental data cover the following preliminary static test conditions: specific flow rate, 27 g/cm/sup 2/s; pressure, 9-11-13 kg/cm/sup 2/; inlet quality, -8%; < X/sub i/ < +2% exit quality, 0% < X/sub O/ < 50%. (auth)
Canadian Digestive Health Foundation Public Impact Series: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Canada: Incidence, Prevalence, and Direct and Indirect Economic Impact (2010)

The Canadian Digestive Health Foundation initiated a scientific program to assess the incidence, prevalence, mortality and economic impact of digestive disorders across Canada. The current article presents the updated findings from the study concerning gastroesophageal reflux disease - a condition that develops when the reflux of stomach contents causes troublesome symptoms and/or complications (Montreal definition).
Synthesizing operating system based device drivers in embedded systems (2004)

This paper presents a correct-by-construction synthesis method for generating operating system based device drivers from a formally specified device behavior model. Existing driver development is largely manual using an ad-hoc design methodology. Consequently, this task is error prone and becomes a bottleneck in embedded system design methodology. Our solution to this problem starts by accurately specifying device access behavior with a formal model, viz. extended event driven finite state machines. We state easy check soundness conditions on the model that subsequently guarantee properties such as bounded execution time and deadlock-free behavior. We design a deadlock-free resource accessing scheme for our device access model. Finally, we synthesize an operating system (OS) based event processing mechanism, which is the core of the device driver, using a disciplined methodology that assures the correctness of the resulting driver. We validate our synthesis method using two case studies: an infrared port and the USB device controller for an SA1100 based handheld. Besides assuring a correct-by-construction driver, the size of the specification is 70% smaller than a manually written driver, which is a strong indicator of improved design productivity.
Acetylcholine induces constriction of epicardial coronary arteries in anesthetized dogs after removal of endothelium. (1985)

The acetylcholine-induced relaxation of isolated coronary arteries is reversed to contraction in the absence of endothelium. The importance of endothelium for the regulation of coronary blood flow remains unclear. We thus tested the effects of acetylcholine on epicardial arteries and on coronary resistance vessels in situ in 8 anesthetized dogs. The left circumflex coronary artery was perfused at constant pressure. Epicardial vasomotion was evaluated by sonomicrometry, the vasomotion of coronary resistance vessels by calculated end-diastolic resistance. Acetylcholine (1 microgram/kg/min i.c.) decreased epicardial resistance by 8.6 +/- 1.6% and end-diastolic resistance by 65.8 +/- 6.3%. The epicardial coronary segment was perfused with distilled water for 65 +/- 5 s to denude it of endothelium. After removal of epicardial endothelium, the decrease in end-diastolic resistance caused by acetylcholine was unchanged (59.6 +/- 1.2%); however, epicardial resistance was increased by 7.7 +/- 1.7%. Application of glyceryl trinitrate (5 micrograms/kg/min i.c.) induced a similar decrease of epicardial resistance before and after removal of endothelium:7.9 +/- 1.4 and 6.2 +/- 1.9%, respectively. We conclude that acetylcholine-induced dilation of epicardial coronary arteries is endothelium-dependent in vivo. However, the constriction of epicardial coronary arteries in the absence of endothelium is insufficient to reduce blood flow and to induce myocardial ischemia.
On the Preparation of the Phosphides of Aluminum, Gallium and Indium (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOn the Preparation of the Phosphides of Aluminum, Gallium and IndiumArrigo AddamianoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 7, 1537–1540Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01492a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01492a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views387Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Deep‐seated rectal/anal basaloid carcinoma: useful immunocytochemistry in rare squamous cell carcinoma variants (2008)

The diagnosis of basaloid variant of SCC in a rectal location can be very difficult, both on account of the uncommon location and because of the low specificity of morphological aspects on EUS-FNA smears. The immunocytochemical technique, including a limited spectrum of keratins (CK7, CK20, CK34betae12, and p63) is necessary to avoid this diagnostic pitfall.
Secretome-Based Proteomic Profiling of Ras-Transformed MDCK Cells Reveals Extracellular Modulators of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (2009)

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a highly conserved morphogenetic process by which epithelial cells lose their basic morphological characteristics such as cell-cell contact and gain mesenchymal properties such as increased motility and invasiveness. To gain insights into proteins released from cells that modulate the EMT process, we compared secretome protein expression profiles of MDCK cells and Ras-transformed MDCK cells (21D1) that stably express oncogenic Ras using 2D-DIGE/LC-MS/MS. Differentially expressed secretome proteins were compared with their corresponding gene expression profiles using the Affymetrix GeneChip system. Down-regulated proteins were predominantly involved with cell-cell contact and cell-matrix adhesion (e.g., desmocollin 2, clusterin, collagen XVII and transforming growth factor-beta induced protein ig-h3), while up-regulated proteins were proteases and factors that promote migration (MMP-1, kallikrein 6, TIMP-1, and S100A4/metastasin). Many of the secretome proteins identified in this study have not been previously identified in the context of EMT and may shed light on the underlying mechanisms associated with this cellular process.
Effect of recombinant canine distemper vaccine on antibody titers in previously vaccinated dogs. (2006)

Two canine distemper virus (CDV) vaccine types are currently commercially available: modified-live virus (MLV) vaccines and a canarypox recombinant CDV (rCDV) vaccine (Recombitek, Merial). This study compared the ability of the rCDV vaccine and MLV vaccines to significantly enhance (boost) the antibody response of previously immunized adult and juvenile dogs. A significant (fourfold or greater) increase in titer occurred in significantly more dogs revaccinated with Recombitek C-4 or Recombitek C-6 than with the MLV-CDV vaccines. This study demonstrates that Recombitek, the only vaccine for dogs containing rCDV, is more likely to significantly boost the CDV antibody response in previously vaccinated dogs than are the MLV-CDV vaccines. Because rCDV vaccine can boost the antibody titer of dogs previously vaccinated with an MLV vaccine, it can and should be used when core vaccines are readministered.
<title>Fiber optics for the Space Station Freedom DMS network</title> (1993)

The Space Station Freedom data management system uses a fiber distributed data interface (FDDI) backbone, which provides counter rotating rings with a data bandwidth of 100 Mbps. This data rate allows a potential for system growth not practical with a copper solution. Fiber's growth potential, coupled with obvious advantages in weight and EMI, perfectly matches the needs and requirements of the Space Station environment. The Space Station environment also provides some unique problems not normally encountered in a FDDI design. The hardware must perform in a vacuum and at nearly full military temperature range. Also, the assembly process of the Space Station causes a much larger than normal signal loss between stations. Finally, the system requires data integrity much higher than the normal FDDI specification demands. These problems are solved by deviating from the FDDI standard on several points. Custom fiber optic receiver and transmitter hybrids have been developed for the program. The result of these hybrids is a much higher sensitivity and larger dynamic range than an ordinary FDDI network would need. Another change from normal systems is the use of specially designed ring concentrator. This allows easier servicing of the units while in orbit, as well as facilitating system reconfiguration for future growth.
Exploration of the Mechanism of the Activation of ClONO<sub>2</sub>by HCl in Small Water Clusters Using Electronic Structure Methods (2000)

High-level electronic structure calculations were used to study the mechanism of the reaction of ClONO2 with HCl in neutral water clusters containing one to five solvating water molecules. For the reaction between molecular HCl and ClONO2, the barrier decreases from 42 kcal mol-1 (uncatalyzed) to essentially zero when catalyzed by only two water molecules, where the reaction products involve Cl2 and HONO2. The calculations thus predict that the gas-phase reaction may be important in the stratospheric reactivation of ClONO2. The reaction between ClONO2 and solvated H3O+Cl-, as on the polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) surface, was investigated with clusters involving up to seven water molecules. The ice-catalyzed reaction involves an ionic mechanism whereby charge transfer to ClONO2 from the attacking nucleophile leads to significant ionization along the Cl−ONO2 bond. The effect of the size of the first solvation shell of Cl- is addressed by our calculations. In a cluster containing three waters and a five-water cluster structurally related to hexagonal ice, ClONO2 reacts spontaneously with HCl to yield Cl2/HONO2 in the three-water reaction and Cl2/H3O+NO3- in the five-water-catalyzed reaction. The calculations thus predict that the reaction of ClONO2 with HCl on PSC ice aerosols can proceed spontaneously via an ionic pathway.
Direct Synthesis of 4-Acetyl-1-alkyl-<i>1H</i>-pyrrol-2(<i>5H</i>)-ones from Difunctionalized Allyl Bromide (2014)

We describe a simple and efficient protocol for accessing some unsaturated heterocyclic compounds in a direct evaluation of allyl bromide as Z-ethyl 3-bromomethyl-4-oxopent-2-enoate. The latter reacts with primary amines via two successive nucleophilic substitutions followed by a 5-<i>exo-trig</i> cyclization to produce selectively 4-acetyl-1-alkyl-1H-pyrrol-2(5H)-ones in good yields.
Protein kinase C mu is located at the Golgi compartment. (1996)

Protein kinase C mu (PKC mu) displays unusual structural features like a pleckstrin homology domain and an amino-terminal hydrophobic region with a putative leader peptide and transmembrane sequence. As a discrete location often is a direct clue to the potential biological function of a kinase, antibodies directed against unique amino- and carboxy-terminal domains of PKC mu were used to localize the protein within intracellular compartments in immunofluorescence and subcellular fractionation studies. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed colocalization of PKC mu with the resident Golgi marker protein beta 1,4 galactosyltransferase in PKC mu transfectants and in the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2, expressing endogenous PKC mu. Long-term treatment of cells with brefeldin A, which disintegrates the Golgi apparatus, disrupted PKC mu-specific staining. Cosegregation of PKC mu with beta 1,4 galactosyltransferase, but not with the endosomal marker rab5, upon density gradient fractionation and Western blot analysis of HepG2 cell extracts, provides independent evidence for a Golgi localization of PKC mu. Moreover, cellular sulfate uptake and Golgi-specific glycosaminoglycan sulfation was enhanced in PKC mu transfectants. Together, these data suggest that PKC mu is a resident protein kinase of the core Golgi compartment and is involved in basal transport processes.
Bürstenbiopsie zur Mundkrebsfrüherkennung (2004)

Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the oral cavity are among the ten most common cancers in the world, accounting for approximately 3-5% of all malignancies. Approximately 50% of the patients will die in the first five years after diagnosing cancer. There is a need to promote early diagnosis of oral cancers in order to reduce the currently unacceptably high morbidity and mortality rate. Cytopathological investigation of oral brush biopsies can help oral physicians to decide, whether a given oral lesion is (pre-)malignant or not. In the fight against oral cancer and its precursors, several adjunct diagnostic methods have been proposed to increase the accuracy of cytological and histological diagnosis. Since chromosomal aneuploidy has been accepted as an early key event in tumorigenesis caused by genetic instability, the cytometric equivalent of chromosomal aneuploidy detected by DNA-image-cytometry (DNA-ICM) may serve as a marker of neoplasia. Cytological investigation of brush biopsies from oral lesions macroscopically suspicious for cancer is an easily practicable, cheap, quick, non-invasive, painless and accurate method that may help to reduce the occurrence of invasive and thus fatal squamous cell carcinomas. Therefore standardized DNA-ICM is a useful and low-cost laboratory method to objectively establish an early diagnosis of prospectively progressive oral lesions.
Mental Imagery of Self-Location during Spontaneous and Active Self–Other Interactions: An Electrical Neuroimaging Study (2010)

Substantial data from the cognitive neurosciences point to the importance of bodily processing for the development of a comprehensive theory of the self. A key aspect of the bodily self is self-location, the experience that the self is localized at a specific position in space within one's bodily borders (embodied self-location). Although the neural mechanisms of self-location have been studied by manipulating the spatial location of one's visual perspective during mental imagery, such experiments were conducted in constrained, explicit, and unecological contexts such as explicit instructions in a prone/seated position, although most human interactions occur spontaneously while standing/walking. Using a motor paradigm, we investigated the behavioral and neural mechanisms of spontaneous self-location and mental body transformations during active human interaction. Using own-body imagery using spontaneous and explicit changes in self-location in standing participants, we report that spontaneous interactions with an avatar are neurally indistinguishable from explicit own-body transformation with disembodied self-location but differ from explicit own-body transformation with embodied self-location at 400-600 ms after stimulus onset. We discuss these findings with respect to the neural mechanisms of perspective-taking and self-location in spontaneous human interaction.