gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formulation of design principle utilizing wide-gap fluoride hetero-structures for deep ultraviolet optical devices (2006)

This work reports on the feasibility of a design principle formulated using Li <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(1-x)</inf> K <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> Ba <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(1-y)</inf> Mg <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</inf> F <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> double-hetero structure laser diode (LD) based on either KMgF <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> or LiBaF <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> substrate and operating at a wavelength in the deep ultraviolet region.
Novel miniaturized hyperspectral sensor for UAV and space applications (2009)

In many hyperspectral applications it is beneficial to produce 2D spatial images with a single exposure at a few selected wavelength bands instead of 1D spatial and all spectral band images like in push-broom instruments. VTT has developed a new concept based on the Piezo actuated Fabry-Perot Interferometer to enable recording of 2D spatial images at the selected wavelength bands simultaneously. The sensor size is compatible with light weight UAV platforms. In our spectrometer the multiple orders of the Fabry-Perot Interferometer are used at the same time matched to the sensitivities of a multispectral RGB-type image sensor channels. We have built prototypes of the new spectrograph fitting inside of a 40 mm x 40 mm x 20 mm envelope and with a mass less than 50 g. The operational wavelength range of built prototypes can be tuned in the range 400 - 1100 nm and the spectral resolution is in the range 5 - 10 nm @ FWHM. Presently the spatial resolution is 480 x 750 pixels but it can be increased simply by changing the image sensor. The hyperspectral imager records simultaneously a 2D image of the scenery at three narrow wavelength bands determined by the selected three orders of the Fabry-Perot Interferometer which depend on the air gap between the mirrors of the Fabry-Perot Cavity. The new sensor can be applied on UAV, aircraft, and other platforms requiring small volume, mass and power consumption. The new low cost hyperspectral imager can be used also in many industrial and medical applications.
Feeding by Phototrophic Red‐Tide Dinoflagellates on the Ubiquitous Marine Diatom <i>Skeletonema costatum</i> (2009)

We investigated feeding by phototrophic red-tide dinoflagellates on the ubiquitous diatom Skeletonema costatum to explore whether dinoflagellates are able to feed on S. costatum, inside the protoplasm of target dinoflagellate cells observed under compound microscope, confocal microscope, epifluorescence microscope, and transmission electron microscope (TEM) after adding living and fluorescently labeled S. costatum (FLSc). To explore effects of dinoflagellate predator size on ingestion rates of S. costatum, we measured ingestion rates of seven dinoflagellates at a single prey concentration. In addition, we measured ingestion rates of the common phototrophic dinoflagellates Prorocentrum micans and Gonyaulax polygramma on S. costatum as a function of prey concentration. We calculated grazing coefficients by combining field data on abundances of P. micans and G. polygramma on co-occurring S. costatum with laboratory data on ingestion rates obtained in the present study. All phototrophic dinoflagellate predators tested (i.e. Akashiwo sanguinea, Amphidinium carterae, Alexandrium catenella, Alexandrium tamarense, Cochlodinium polykrikoides, G. polygramma, Gymnodinium catenatum, Gymnodinium impudicum, Heterocapsa rotundata, Heterocapsa triquetra, Lingulodinium polyedrum, Prorocentrum donghaiense, P. micans, Prorocentrum minimum, Prorocentrum triestinum, and Scrippsiella trochoidea) were able to ingest S. costatum. When mean prey concentrations were 170-260 ng C/ml (i.e. 6,500-10,000 cells/ml), the ingestion rates of G. polygramma, H. rotundata, H. triquetra, L. polyedrum, P. donghaiense, P. micans, and P. triestinum on S. costatum (0.007-0.081 ng C/dinoflagellate/d [0.2-3.0 cells/dinoflagellate/d]) were positively correlated with predator size. With increasing mean prey concentration of ca 1-3,440 ng C/ml (40-132,200 cells/ml), the ingestion rates of P. micans and G. polygramma on S. costatum continuously increased. At the given prey concentrations, the maximum ingestion rates of P. micans and G. polygramma on S. costatum (0.344-0.345 ng C/grazer/d; 13 cells/grazer/d) were almost the same. The maximum clearance rates of P. micans and G. polygramma on S. costatum were 0.165 and 0.020 microl/grazer/h, respectively. The calculated grazing coefficients of P. micans and G. polygramma on co-occurring S. costatum were up to 0.100 and 0.222 h, respectively (i.e. up to 10% and 20% of S. costatum populations were removed by P. micans and G. polygramma populations in 1 h, respectively). Our results suggest that P. micans and G. polygramma sometimes have a considerable grazing impact on populations of S. costatum.
Acoustic modeling based on model structure annealing for speech recognition (2008)

This paper proposes an HMM training technique using multiple phonetic decision trees and evaluates it in speech recognition. In the use of context dependent models, the decision tree based context clustering is applied to find a parameter tying structure. However, the clustering is usually performed based on statistics of HMM state sequences which are obtained by unreliable models without context clustering. To avoid this problem, we optimize the decision trees and HMM state sequences simultaneously. In the proposed method, this is performed by maximum likelihood (ML) estimation of a newly defined statistical model which includes multiple decision trees as hidden variables. Applying the deterministic annealing expectation maximization (DAEM) algorithm and using multiple decision trees in early stage of model training, state sequences are reliably estimated. In continuous phoneme recognition experiments, the proposed method can improve the recognition performance.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Alkynylation of Chiral Non‐Racemic Oxazolidines with Mixed Organoaluminum Compounds. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Designing and implementing digital educational tools for children and youth with special needs using natural interfaces (2016)

Esta tesis se centra en el potencial pedagógico de Interfaces Naturales de\nUsuario (NUIs) y su aplicación en distintos ámbitos educativos. Las NUIs son\ninteracciones remotas basadas en movimientos gestuales del cuerpo y han mostrado\nmejoras en la implicación y motivación de los niños, lo que puede repercutir en el\naprendizaje. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los trabajos publicados estudian su\naplicación con personas de desarrollo cognitivo y motriz típico, dejando en segundo\nplano el estudio de su posible impacto en niños con necesidades educativas\nespeciales (SEN). Por eso, esta tesis basa su investigación sobre la hipótesis de que las\nNUIs pueden también apoyar el aprendizaje en niños con SEN.\nCon esta finalidad, se diseñaron dos técnicas de interacción con la Microsoft®\nKinect y se evaluaron empíricamente. Por un lado, el Body Menu que asocia iconos\ncon el cuerpo y permite su selección tocando las partes correspondientes del cuerpo.\nLa interfaz se basa en las propiedades de la propiocepción. Por otro lado, el Crank\nHandle que permite la manipulación con una mano de objetos virtuales 3D. La\ninterfaz se basa en la metáfora de rotar manivelas para orientar los objetos 3D. Estas\ndos técnicas establecieron la base para explorar el potencial de las NUIs y fueron\nintegradas en herramientas educativas a través de tres estudios.
98. Optical activation by asymmetric solvent action (1950)

C. Buchanan and S. H. Graham, J. Chem. Soc., 1950, 500 DOI: 10.1039/JR9500000500
COVIDOSE: A Phase II Clinical Trial of Low‐Dose Tocilizumab in the Treatment of Noncritical COVID‐19 Pneumonia (2020)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6)-mediated hyperinflammation may contribute to the mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The IL-6 receptor-blocking monoclonal antibody tocilizumab has been repurposed for COVID-19, but prospective trials and dose-finding studies in COVID-19 have not yet fully reported. We conducted a single-arm phase II trial of low-dose tocilizumab in nonintubated hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19, radiographic pulmonary infiltrate, fever, and C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥ 40 mg/L. We hypothesized that doses significantly lower than the emerging standards of 400 mg or 8 mg/kg would resolve clinical and laboratory indicators of hyperinflammation. A dose range from 40 to 200 mg was evaluated, with allowance for one repeat dose at 24 to 48 hours. The primary objective was to assess the relationship of dose to fever resolution and CRP response. Thirty-two patients received low-dose tocilizumab, with the majority experiencing fever resolution (75%) and CRP decline consistent with IL-6 pathway abrogation (86%) in the 24-48 hours following drug administration. There was no evidence of a relationship between dose and fever resolution or CRP decline over the dose range of 40-200 mg. Within the 28-day follow-up, 5 (16%) patients died. For patients who recovered, median time to clinical recovery was 3 days (interquartile range, 2-5). Clinically presumed and/or cultured bacterial superinfections were reported in 5 (16%) patients. Low-dose tocilizumab was associated with rapid improvement in clinical and laboratory measures of hyperinflammation in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Results of this trial provide rationale for a randomized, controlled trial of low-dose tocilizumab in COVID-19.
Cytokinin Activation of <i>de novo</i> Thiamine Biosynthesis in Tobacco Callus Cultures (1969)

The effect of kinetin on the de novo formation of thiamine in tobacco callus cultures was measured by following the isotope dilution of previously introduced 14C-thiamine. Thiamine was determined by the thiochrome fluorescence assay after chromatographic purification. Morphological effects induced by high kinetin concentrations were visible within a week after tissue transfer, but thiamine synthesis was insignificant for 2 weeks both in cultures with high (1000 μg/l) and low (30 μg/l) kinetin treatments. Thiamine synthesis during the third week was observed at both kinetin levels, the high kinetin treatment supporting 2.5 times the thiamine synthesis of the low kinetin treatment. The kinetin induced increases in thiamine observed earlier by Digby and Skoog apparently resulted from stimulation of thiamine synthesis rather than from sparing its destruction. Thiamine synthesis is initiated when thiamine concentration reaches a minimum in the callus tissue. This suggests that kinetin is required for the synthesis, but that the activation of synthesis is under feedback control sensitive to the level of thiamine in the tissue.
Analysis of multi-photon pumping schemes for Nd:ZBLAN fiber laser operating in the UV and violet (2005)

In this work we focus on an analysis and a comparison of different, both multi-photon and multi-ion excitation mechanisms which can be used for pumping of a short wavelength neodymium doped ZBLAN fiber laser. Spectroscopic properties of Nd:ZBLAN examined under various excitation conditions enabled identification of the involved processes. Rate equation based models have been developed and employed to compare the efficiency of main excitation schemes, giving a good starting point for further optimization and development of Nd:ZBLAN up-conversion fiber laser.
A High-Density Genetic Recombination Map of Sequence-Tagged Sites for <i>Sorghum</i>, as a Framework for Comparative Structural and Evolutionary Genomics of Tropical Grains and Grasses (2003)

We report a genetic recombination map for Sorghum of 2512 loci spaced at average 0.4 cM ( approximately 300 kb) intervals based on 2050 RFLP probes, including 865 heterologous probes that foster comparative genomics of Saccharum (sugarcane), Zea (maize), Oryza (rice), Pennisetum (millet, buffelgrass), the Triticeae (wheat, barley, oat, rye), and Arabidopsis. Mapped loci identify 61.5% of the recombination events in this progeny set and reveal strong positive crossover interference acting across intervals of </=50 cM. Significant variations in DNA marker density are related to possible centromeric regions and to probable chromosome structural rearrangements between Sorghum bicolor and S. propinquum, but not to variation in levels of intraspecific allelic richness. While cDNA and genomic clones are similarly distributed across the genome, SSR-containing clones show different abundance patterns. Rapidly evolving hypomethylated DNA may contribute to intraspecific genomic differentiation. Nonrandom distribution patterns of multiple loci detected by 357 probes suggest ancient chromosomal duplication followed by extensive rearrangement and gene loss. Exemplifying the value of these data for comparative genomics, we support and extend prior findings regarding maize-sorghum synteny-in particular, 45% of comparative loci fall outside the inferred colinear/syntenic regions, suggesting that many small rearrangements have occurred since maize-sorghum divergence. These genetically anchored sequence-tagged sites will foster many structural, functional and evolutionary genomic studies in major food, feed, and biomass crops.
Reconstruction of two-dimensional signals from threshold crossings (2005)

In this paper, we present new results on the reconstruction of two-dimensional signals from zero crossing or threshold crossing information. These results follow from our previous work on the reconstruction of two-dimensional signals from one bit of Fourier transform phase. Experimental results illustrating image reconstruction from threshold crossings are included.
Synthesis of the Bifunctional BINOL Ligands and Their Applications in the Asymmetric Additions to Carbonyl Compounds. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Correlation between the presence of a self-splicing intron in the 25S rDNA of C.albicans and strains susceptibility to 5-fluorocytosine (1993)

Candida albicans presents a well characterized EcoRI RFLP pattern of intensely staining bands. One of these bands, the dimorphic 3.7/4.2 kbp fragment shown to originate from the ribosomal RNA-encoding regions (rDNA), has been used by several investigators to subdivide C. albicans strains in two distinct subtypes. In the present manuscript, we report that an epidemiological study of 120 C.albicans strains revealed a significant correlation between these subtypes and susceptibility to 5-fluorocytosine, an antifungal agent extensively used for biotyping C.albicans. The 4.2 kbp strains being generally more susceptible than their counterparts to this agent and one of its metabolic by-product, 5-fluorouracil. A 379 nucleotides insertion in the 25S rRNA-encoding gene of 4.2 kbp type strains was shown to be responsible for the 3.7/4.2 size difference. This intervening sequence is typical of a group I intron by its site of insertion, its predicted secondary structure, and its self-splicing capability. Assuming there is a genuine causal relationship between presence of the intron and resistance to 5-fluorocytosine, one possible mechanism suggests that inhibition of self-splicing by the insertion of 5-fluorouracil residues in the 25S rRNA precursor might be responsible for the higher susceptibility of 4.2 kbp type strains.
Approach Toward a Generic Treatment of Gram-Negative Infections: Synthesis of Haptens for Catalytic Antibody Mediated Cleavage of the Interglycosidic Bond in Lipid A (1999)

In order to develop a generic treatment for infections with Gram-negative bacteria, we developed a synthesis of 2-acylamino-deoxynojirimycin derivatives (17, 18, 19 and 20), which will be used as haptens for raising catalytic antibodies capable of hydrolyzing the interglycosidic bond in the lipid A moiety of endotoxins. A key intermediate in the preparation of compounds 17, 18, 19 and 20 is 3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-2-[(benzyloxycarbonyl)amino]-2-deoxy-D-glucono-δ-lactam (6), which was prepared from known 3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-2-[(benzyloxycarbonyl)amino]-2-deoxy-D-glucosamine (1) in four steps in 47% overall yield. Antibodies were generated against 2-[(6-aminohexanoyl)amino]-2-deoxy-D-glucono-δ-lactam (17) coupled to the carrier protein bovine serum albumin.
Biochemical Analysis of Adenovirus Type 5 DNA-binding Protein Mutants (1989)

We previously reported the isolation and functional characterization of seven adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) DNA-binding protein (DBP) point mutants (Quinn, C. O., and Kitchingman, G. R. (1986) J. Virol. 60, 653-661). Six of the seven mutants were defective in their ability to help adeno-associated virus replicate its DNA. To determine the level at which the mutations affect this function of the DBP, we analyzed several properties of the mutant proteins. All are transported to the nucleus and are post-translationally phosphorylated to the same extent. The half-lives of the proteins, measured by pulse-chase, were nearly identical to that of the wild-type DBP. The mutant DBPs were examined for their ability to bind to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Mutations in amino acids 322, 323, and 470 lowered the affinity of the DBP for ssDNA, while a mutation in amino acid 181 had no affect. Combinations of mutations in amino acid 470 with either 322 or 323 did not further lower the affinity of the protein for ssDNA. These data indicate that the functional defect for adeno-associated virus helper activity of the six mutants is due mainly, if not totally, to their reduced affinity for single-stranded DNA. These experiments have thus identified a functional domain of the adenovirus type 5 DBP potentially involved in DNA-protein interactions. Comparisons with temperature-sensitive DBP mutants indicate that the conserved region mutants are functionally distinct and represent a new class of DBP mutants.
Value of Exercise Capacity and Heart Rate Recovery in Older People (2003)

In older patients, impaired functional capacity and heart rate recovery were independent predictors of death.
Soil response to acid input in a titration experiment (1992)

Cultivated surface soil samples of an acid Gleysol (soil 1, pH 4.9) and a slightly acid Podzol (soil 2, pH 6.7) were equilibrated for 48 h with oto 144 meq H+ kg-1 by a batch technique designed to simulate reactions of acid load with soil constituents. The pH of the titration suspensions ranged in soil 1 from 5.6 to 3.3, in soil 2 from 7.2 to 4.7. The exchange reaction with base cations on variable charge sites was an important mechanism for H+ inactivation. The quantities of cation equivalents released were, however, lower than the proton equivalents added. Calcium dominated the supernatant solutions, but as related to exchangeable reserves. Mg seemed to be more susceptible to acidification at high soil pH. Protons were also consumed in the mobilization of divalent base cations from a non-exchangeable pool to an exchangeable one. The experimental soils differed in their response of acid cation fractions to proton loading. In the rather neutral soil 2, the quantities of soluble and exchangeable acid cations were very low and not affected by acidification. The Al dissolved by proton attack was immobilized by complexation reactions. This mechanism did not operate in the acid soil 1 where the proton loading markedly increased the exchangeable Al pool and, consequently, the soluble Al in the supernatant solution. This was associated with a simultaneous reduction in the complexed Al and a small increase in complexed Fe. Furthermore, acidification diminished the effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) decisively less in soil 1 than in soil 2, because the increase in exchangeable Al markedly compensated the reduction in the exchangeable base cations. As compared to freelydrained systems, the batch titration overestimated the release of Al to solution phase.
COMPRESSIVE AND SHEAR CHARACTERISTICS OF UNDISTURBED DECOMPOSED GRANITE SOILS PAYING ATTENTION TO THE DEGREES OF WEATHERING (1987)

In order to investigate the compressive and shear characteristics of undisturbed Hiroshima type decomposed granite soils, the isotropic compression and triaxial compression tests were carried out using the undisturbed specimens made up by the new core bit. Test results were discussed paying attention to the degrees of weathering of samples.The results obtained can be summaraized as follows.1) The irreversible change of void ratio under isotropic compression is due to the particle breakage and the vanishing of structure effect.2) The stress-strain behavior, stress-dilatancy relation and shear constant φ' depend on the degrees of weathering.3) Failure criterion is expressed in terms of coefficient of the exponent.4) The decrease in strength due to submergence is remarkable in a low confining pressure and in moderately weathered sample.
Spoken-word recognition using dynamic features analysed by two-dimensional cepstrum (1989)

In the paper, two-dimensional cepstrum (TDC) analysis and its application to word and monosyllable recognition are described. The TDC can simultaneously represent several different kinds of information contained in the speech waveform: static and dynamic features, as well as global and fine frequency structure. Noise reduction and speech enhancement can be easily performed using the TDC. Using word and monosyllable recognition experiments based on dynamic programming (DP) matching of a time sequence of the TDC, it is confirmed that the global static features (spectral envelope) and global dynamic features are both effective for speech recognition. A speaker-independent (noisy) word recognition algorithm is also proposed which recognises the words based on the similarity of dynamic features. The algorithm employs linear matching instead of DP nonlinear matching, requires a small amount of memory, and shows high speed and high accuracy in recognition. At present, the recognition rate is 89.0% at ∞ dB and 70.0% at 0 dB signal-to-noise ratio.