gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RNase H domain of Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase retains activity but requires the polymerase domain for specificity (1996)

The reverse transcriptase-associated RNase H activity of Moloney murine leukemia virus specifically cleaves within the polypurine tract region of the viral genome to generate the primer for plus-strand DNA synthesis and removes the tRNA primer after minus-strand initiation by preferentially cleaving the RNA one nucleotide before the RNA-DNA junction. Moreover, the enzyme is unable to cleave the extended tRNA substrate at the RNA-DNA junction even at high enzyme concentrations. The RNase H domain of the reverse transcriptase was expressed as a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein and purified from Escherichia coli extracts. Following removal of the glutathione S-transferase portion of the protein, the specificity of the isolated RNase H domain was determined in the plus-strand primer reaction and in the tRNA primer removal reaction. Although the isolated domain lacked specificity in both cases, it was still unable to cleave the tRNA substrate precisely at the RNA-DNA junction. Specificity in both cases could be restored by adding back a truncated form of Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase lacking the RNase H domain. These results implicate the polymerase domain as a specificity determinant for the RNase H activity of reverse transcriptase. The isolated RNase H domain had higher activity in the presence of Mn2+ than in the presence of Mg2+, but neither the RNase H domain alone nor the RNase H domain coupled to the polymerase domain in wild-type protein exhibited the normal cleavage specificities in the presence of the nonphysiological divalent cation.
ThermoCoach (2015)

Thermostats have the potential for tremendous impact on global energy consumption, but unfortunately they are often not used effectively. In this paper, we present a new system called ThermoCoach that improves thermostat usability by giving personalized and actionable recommendations for thermostat use. The system senses human occupancy patterns in a home and emails the household suggested setpoint schedules that can be modified or activated with the click of a button. We performed a randomized controlled trial by deploying over 600 devices in 40 homes from 12 weeks to compare ThermoCoach with a manually programmable thermostat and the Nest learning thermostat. Results indicate that ThermoCoach saves 4.7% more energy than a manually programmable thermostat and 12.4% more energy than the Nest learning thermostat while significantly improving comfort over both approaches.
Pandora’s Digital Box: The Promise and Perils of Digital Wallets (2018)

Digital wallets, such as ApplePay and Android Pay, are “smart” payment devices that can integrate payments with two-way, real-time communications of any type of data. Integration of payments with real-time communications holds out tremendous promise for consumers and merchants alike: the combination, in a single, convenient platform, of search functions, advertising, payment, shipping, customer service, and loyalty programs. Such an integrated retail platform offers consumers a faster and easier way to transact, and offers brick-and-mortar retailers an ecommerce-type ability to identify, attract, and retain customers. At the same time, however, digital wallets present materially different risks for both consumers and merchants than traditional plastic card payments precisely because of their “smart” nature.For consumers, digital wallets can trigger an unfavorable shift in the applicable legal regime governing the transactions, increase fraud risk, create confusion regarding error resolution, expose consumers to non-FDIC-insured accounts, and substantially erode transactional privacy. These risks are often not salient to consumers, who cannot distinguish them by digital wallet. Consumers’ inability to protect against these risks points to a need for regulatory intervention by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau to ensure minimum standards for digital wallets.For merchants, digital wallets can deprive them of valuable customer information used for anti-fraud, advertising, loyalty, and customer service purposes. Digital wallets can also facilitate poaching of customers by competitors, impair merchants’ customer relationship management, deprive merchants of influence over consumers’ payment choice and routing, increase fraud risk, subject merchants to patent infringement liability, and ultimately increase the costs of accepting payments. Merchants are constrained in their ability to refuse or condition payments from digital wallets based on the risks presented because of merchant rules promulgated by credit card networks. These rules raise antitrust concerns because they foreclose entry to those digital wallets that offer merchants the most attractive valuation proposition, namely those wallets that do not use the credit card networks for payments.
Ontology and search engine for cloud computing system (2011)

Cloud computing is becoming a well-known buzzword nowadays. Many companies, such as Amazon, Google, Microsoft and so on, accelerate their paces in developing Cloud computing systems and enhancing their services to cater for a wide variety of users. However, there is no study that focuses on search engine for Cloud computing system. Hence, this paper presents search engine for Cloud computing system (Cloudle). To semantically define the relationship among Cloud services, Cloud ontologies (CO-1 and CO-2) are designed. CO-2 contains a set of Cloud concepts, individuals of those concepts, and the relationship among those individuals while CO-1 contains only concepts. It is used for determining the similarity among Cloud services with three kinds of reasoning methods (1) concept similarity reasoning, (2) object property similarity reasoning, and (3) datatype property similarity reasoning. The architecture of Cloudle is also briefly presented. Finally, empirical results show that the result of using Cloudle with CO-2 has significantly better performance in finding the appropriate Cloud service than the result using Cloudle with CO-1, the result without the Cloud ontology, and the result without Cloudle.
Thermoelectric transport in double-Weyl semimetals (2016)

We study the thermoelectric properties of a double-Weyl fermion system, possibly realized in ${\mathrm{HgCr}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{4}$ and ${\mathrm{SrSi}}_{2}$, by a semiclassical Boltzmann transport theory. We investigate different relaxation processes including short-range disorder and electron-electron interaction on the thermoelectric transport coefficients. It is found that the anisotropy of the band dispersion for in-plane and out-of-plane momentum directions affects the relaxation time for transport in different directions. The transport also exhibits an interesting directional dependence on the chemical potential and model parameters, differing from a simple isotropic quadratic or linearly dispersing electron gas. By applying a static magnetic field along the linearly dispersing direction, the longitudinal and transverse electrical and thermal magnetoconductivity show a similar dependence on the in-plane cyclotron frequency to the linear dispersing Weyl nodes. By including internode scattering, we find that the chiral anomaly contribution to the thermoelectric coefficients doubles that of a linearly dispersing Weyl node in both the semiclassical and quantum regimes. A magnetic field applied along the quadratically dispersing direction will split the double-Weyl point into two single-Weyl points with the same chirality.
Anaerobic conversion of phosphate by the mixed inoculum. (2005)

The conversion of phosphate into phosphine was an important biological reaction with potential value in application. The swine manure was mixed with two kinds of anaerobic activated sludge at the mass ratio of 3∶1∶1 and the mixture was used as inoculum in the batch experiment. The feasibility of cellulose, glucose and acetate as the electron donors for phosphate reduction was tested and the results showed that glucose was the most suitable one among them. With glucose as electron donor, the efficiency of phosphate reduction was twice as high as that of hypophosphite reduction at the same amount of electron donor. Theoretically the appropriate mass ratio of hydrated glucose to phosphate was 1∶2, but the measurement showed that 1∶1 was better. It was found that the phosphorus removal efficiency in the culture had well been correlated with the phosphorus content in the absorption solution. The population of sulphate-reducing bacteria but not fermentative bacteria should have some correlation with the phosphorus removal efficiency.
Dependence of wet etch rate on deposition, annealing conditions and etchants for PECVD silicon nitride film (2009)

The influence of deposition, annealing conditions, and etchants on the wet etch rate of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) silicon nitride thin film is studied. The deposition source gas flow rate and annealing temperature were varied to decrease the etch rate of SiNx:H by HF solution. A low etch rate was achieved by increasing the SiH4 gas flow rate or annealing temperature, or decreasing the NH3 and N2 gas flow rate. Concentrated, buffered, and dilute hydrofluoric acid were utilized as etchants for SiO2 and SiNx:H. A high etching selectivity of SiO2 over SiNx:H was obtained using highly concentrated buffered HF.
Phosphorylation-dependent regulation of nuclear localization and functions of integrin-linked kinase (2007)

Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a phosphorylated protein that regulates physiological processes that overlap with those regulated by p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1). Here we report the possible role of ILK phosphorylation by PAK1 in ILK-mediated signaling and intracellular translocation. We found that PAK1 phosphorylates ILK at threonine-173 and serine-246 in vitro and in vivo. Depletion of PAK1 decreased the levels of endogenous ILK phosphorylation in vivo. Mutation of PAK1 phosphorylation sites on ILK to alanine reduced cell motility and cell proliferation. Biochemical fractionation, confocal microscopy, and chromatin-interaction analyses of human cells revealed that ILK localizes predominantly in the cytoplasm but also resides in the nucleus. Transfection of MCF-7 cells with point mutants ILK-T173A, ILK-S246A, or ILK-T173A; S246A (ILK-DM) altered ILK localization. Selective depletion of PAK1 dramatically increased the nuclear and focal point accumulation of ILK, further demonstrating a role for PAK1 in ILK translocation. We also identified functional nuclear localization sequence and nuclear export sequence motifs in ILK, delineated an apparently integral role for ILK in maintaining normal nuclear integrity, and established that ILK interacts with the regulatory region of the CNKSR3 gene chromatin to negatively modulate its expression. Together, these results suggest that ILK is a PAK1 substrate, undergoes phosphorylation-dependent shuttling between the cell nucleus and cytoplasm, and interacts with gene-regulatory chromatin.
A Comparison of C−F and C−H Bond Activation by Zerovalent Ni and Pt:  A Density Functional Study (2004)

Density functional theory indicates that oxidative addition of the C-F and C-H bonds in C6F6 and C6H6 at zerovalent nickel and platinum fragments, M(H2PCH2CH2PH2), proceeds via initial exothermic formation of an eta2-coordinated arene complex. Two distinct transition states have been located on the potential energy surface between the eta2-coordinated arene and the oxidative addition product. The first, at relatively low energy, features an eta3-coordinated arene and connects two identical eta2-arene minima, while the second leads to cleavage of the C-X bond. The absence of intermediate C-F or C-H sigma complexes observed in other systems is traced to the ability of the 14-electron metal fragment to accommodate the eta3-coordination mode in the first transition state. Oxidative addition of the C-F bond is exothermic at both nickel and platinum, but the barrier is significantly higher for the heavier element as a result of strong 5dpi-ppi repulsions in the transition state. Similar repulsive interactions lead to a relatively long Pt-F bond with a lower stretching frequency in the oxidative addition product. Activation of the C-H bond is, in contrast, exothermic only for the platinum complex. We conclude that the nickel system is better suited to selective C-F bond activation than its platinum analogue for two reasons: the strong thermodynamic preference for C-F over C-H bond activation and the relatively low kinetic barrier.
A micropower gate-bulk driven differential difference amplifier with folded telescopic cascode topology for sensor applications (2010)

A micropower high-gain, low-noise differential difference amplifier (DDA) is presented in this paper. The new circuit incorporates the gate-bulk driven transistor pairs for input stage transconductance enhancement; the very high gain folded telescopic cascode structure that permits small headroom operation; and the replica tracking bias that sustains the circuit performance against variations of process, supply voltage and temperature. The DDA is designed using Global Foundries 1.8V/3.3V CMOS 0.18μm process and simulated using the BSIM3 models. The simulated results for the DDA shows DC gain of 131.4dB and unity gain bandwidth of 1.097 MHz at a load of 30pF//200kΩ while consuming quiescent current of 10.7μA at a single 1.8V supply. The proposed DDA gives noise reduction of 15.56% with respect to that of the gate-driven counterpart. It gives a noise efficiency factor (NEF) of 6.7 when realizing a bio-potential sensing circuit. The low noise, very high gain, floating inputs, low power and robust features of the proposed DDA are suitable for front-end interface circuit in sensory systems.
Optimal time for constant drug infusion initialization in neuromuscular blockade control (2014)

This paper presents a control strategy for neuromuscular blockade (NMB) level, in order to determine the optimal time to initialize the administration of the muscle relaxant rocuronium by means of the continuous infusion of a constant dose. The constant value of muscle relaxant for a particular patient undergoing general anesthesia is computed in order to guarantee that the steady-state value of neuromuscular blockade level is the desired reference value. In order to apply this open-loop control strategy, the patient's NMB response to rocuronium is assumed to be modeled by a recently proposed parameter parsimonious model.
REVIEWS (1993)

REVIEWS Get access DEVELOPMENTS IN CRIME AND CRIME CONTROL RESEARCH: GERMAN STUDIES ON VICTIMS, OFFENDERS, AND THE PUBLIC. Edited by KLAUS SESSAR and HANS-JÜRGEN KERNER. (New York, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1991. 192 pp. DM88.) CRIMINOLOGY IN THE 21ST CENTURY: A COLLECTION OF ESSAYS PRESENTED TO PROFESSOR WOUTER BUIKHUIZEN. Edited by JOSINE JUNGER-TAS and IRENE SAGEL-GRANDE. (Leuven: Apeldoorn, 1991. 184 pp. No price given.) THE ROOTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CRIMINAL LAW AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE: A TRIBUTE AND A RE-ASSESSMENT ON THE CENTENARY OF THE IKV. By Sir Leon Radzinowicz. (Freiburg: Criminological Research Reports by the Max-Planck-Institute for Foreign and International Penal Law, 1991. 92 pp. No price given.) Eryl Hall Williams Eryl Hall Williams Department of Law, London School of Economics Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Criminology, Volume 33, Issue 1, Winter 1993, Pages 147–148, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a048283 Published: 01 January 1993
Absence of LPA1 Signaling Results in Defective Cortical Development (2007)

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a simple phospholipid with extracellular signaling properties mediated by specific G protein-coupled receptors. At least 2 LPA receptors, LPA(1) and LPA(2), are expressed in the developing brain, the former enriched in the neurogenic ventricular zone (VZ), suggesting a normal role in neurogenesis. Despite numerous studies reporting the effects of exogenous LPA using in vitro neural models, the first LPA(1) loss-of-function mutants reported did not show gross cerebral cortical defects in the 50% that survived perinatal demise. Here, we report a role for LPA(1) in cortical neural precursors resulting from analysis of a variant of a previously characterized LPA(1)-null mutant that arose spontaneously during colony expansion. These LPA(1)-null mice, termed maLPA(1), exhibit almost complete perinatal viability and show a reduced VZ, altered neuronal markers, and increased cortical cell death that results in a loss of cortical layer cellularity in adults. These data support LPA(1) function in normal cortical development and suggest that the presence of genetic modifiers of LPA(1) influences cerebral cortical development.
Prebreakdown and Breakdown Phenomena in Liquid Nitrogen at high voltage, and Comparison with Mineral Oil (2005)

International audience
Oxytocin transgenic mice. (1995)

We have compared the expression patterns in transgenic mice of bovine oxytocin constructs consisting of the 0.9 kilobase pair (kbp) structural gene flanked by varying lengths of upstream and downstream sequences. Over 200 offspring were derived from fertilized one-cell mouse eggs injected with construct bOT6.5, which consists of 3 kbp of upstream sequences and 2.6 kbp of downstream sequences. However, no transgenic founders were identified. In parallel experiments with other constructs, 30% of pups carried integrated copies of the injected transgene DNA. It therefore appears that bOT6.5 is toxic to mouse embryos. As previously reported (Ang et al., 1991), bOT, consisting of 2.6 kbp of downstream sequences and 0.6 kbp of upstream sequences, was expressed in lung and in testicular Sertoli cells, but no expression was detected in the hypothalamus. bOT3.5, which consists of 0.6 kbp of upstream sequences and 1.9 kbp of downstream sequences, retains testis and lung expression, but, surprisingly, is also expressed in the hypothalamus. These data suggest that the 0.7 kbp of downstream sequences that are present in bOT, but which are absent from bOT3.5, contain elements that mediate the repression of hypothalamic expression. The activity of this repressor must be itself overcome in the normal genomic context of the bovine OT gene. Within the hypothalamus, in situ hybridisation analysis has revealed expression of bOT3.5 in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN), but not in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). In parallel with the response of the endogenous murine OT RNA, 7 days of salt-loading resulted in a significant increase in the level of transgene RNA in the SON. In the PVN, neither the endogenous OT RNA nor the transgene RNA responded significantly to salt-loading. Transgene RNA levels in the hypothalamus have also been shown to be elevated during late pregnancy and lactation.
An Overview of Security Challenges in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (2017)

Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANET) is emerging as a promising technology of the Intelligent Transportation systems (ITS) due to its potential benefits for travel planning, notifying road hazards, cautioning of emergency scenarios, alleviating congestion, provisioning parking facilities and environmental predicaments. But, the security threats hinder its wide deployment and acceptability by users. This paper gives an overview of the security threats at the various layers of the VANET communication stack and discuss some of the existing solutions, thus concluding why designing a security framework for VANET needs to consider these threats for overcoming security challenges in VANET.
Post-Galilean transformations of space and time derivatives and their consequences (2010)

Using post-Galilean space and time derivatives transformations and quantum mechanics, we have found a new particle-wave equation besides the Klein-Gordon equation describing a spinless scalar particle. This new equation can also be obtained from Dirac's equation if $\beta=\gamma(1\pm\frac{v}{c})$. Biot-Savart law and additional continuity equations are obtained as a consequence of the invariance of Dirac's equation and Maxwell's equations under these transformations.
Unused Beam Reservation for PAPR Reduction in Massive MIMO System (2018)

In this paper a new unused beam reservation (UBR) algorithm is proposed to reduce peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal in the downlink channel of Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system. The main challenge with PAPR reduction in coming 5G system is the selection of a method, which has an ultra-low latency and ability to reduce PAPR without performance degradation of high order modulation users (QAM256, QAM1024). This paper reviews some conventional PAPR reduction techniques with respect to selective tone reservation algorithm (STR, [1]) and finally we propose the UBR algorithm, which provides an extra gain in multi-user (MU) MIMO application scenarios. UBR is a non-iterative algorithm compared with a well-known tones reservation, constellation extension and clipping & filtering methods. It is based on a non-iterative modulation of unused beams amplitudes in the downlink channel of MU-MIMO so that target users are not degraded while PAPR is reduced on each TX antenna. Also UBR is fully consistent with 5G standard requirements and has a low latency. Advantages and disadvantages of this technique are discussed in details, simulation results are presented for 64 antennas of virtual Massive MIMO cell.
The design of a secure SIP-based architecture for broadband service providers (2015)

A large number of service providers are looking for a secure model that can be easily implemented in their own environments and provide a robust secure architecture against todays vulnerabilities and threats. SIP is one the most popular protocols that is used in IP multimedia subsystems and adopted by a wide level of networking vendors. This study suggests a secure distributed SIP based architecture that can be deployed in service provider data centers to maintain the service availability, security and reduce the processing on the core devices.
Performance evaluation of signalling procedures for 3rd generation mobile systems (2002)

Future 3rd generation Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems (UMTS) will be based on ATM and the extension of B-ISDN although N-ISDN may be used during an evolution period. The RACE MObile NETwork project (MONET) is developing the fixed network part of UMTS. The paper describes network architectures and protocol models for UMTS with scenarios for the way in which ATM may be used to support signalling. Simulation models for both ATM and N-ISDN signalling have been developed and included within a simulation platform. This platform also considers the mapping of functional models onto network implementations to enable the analysis of information flow between functions in the network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>