gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Simple Preparation of Ketones. <i>N</i>-Protected α-Amino Ketones from α-Amino Acids (2001)

[reaction: see text] Carboxylic acids and amino acids are readily converted, under mild conditions, into the corresponding activated esters, which are reacted with Grignard/CuI reagent to give the corresponding ketones in nearly quantitative yields. The compounds were recovered substantially pure from the reaction mixtures.
Dual targeting of the cancer antioxidant network with 1,4-naphthoquinone fused Gold(<scp>i</scp>) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes (2017)

To achieve a systems-based approach to targeting the antioxidant pathway, 1,4-naphthoquinone annulated N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) [bis(1,3-dimesityl-4,5-naphthoquino-imidazol-2-ylidene)-gold(i)] [silver(i) dichloride] (<b>1</b>), [bis(1,3-dimesityl-4,5-naphthoquino-imidazol-2-ylidene)-gold(i)] chloride (<b>2</b>), and 1,3-dimesityl-4,5-naphthoquino-imidazol-2-ylidene)-gold(i) chloride (<b>3</b>)) were designed, synthesized, and tested for biological activity in a series of human cancer cell lines. The solution phase of complexes <b>1-3</b> were assigned using several spectroscopy techniques, including NMR spectroscopic analysis. Complexes <b>1</b> and <b>3</b> were further characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical studies revealed that quinone reductions are reversible and that the electrochemically generated semiquinone and quinone dianions are stable under these conditions. Complex <b>1</b>, containing two NHC-quinone moieties (to accentuate exogenous ROS <i>via</i> redox cycling) centered around a Au(i) center (to inactivate thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) irreversibly), was found to inhibit cancer cell proliferation to a much greater extent than the individual components (<i>i.e.</i>, Au(i)-NHC alone or naphthoquinone alone). Treatment of A549 lung cancer cells with <b>1</b> produced a 27-fold increase in exogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) which was found to localize to the mitochondria. The inhibition of TrxR, an essential mediator of ROS homeostasis, was achieved in the same cell line at low administrated concentrations of <b>1</b>. TrxR inhibition by <b>1</b> was similar to that of auranofin, a gold(i) containing complex known to inhibit TrxR irreversibly. Complex <b>1</b> was found to induce cell death <i>via</i> an apoptotic mechanism as confirmed by annexin-V staining. Complex <b>1</b> was demonstrated to be efficacious in zebrafish bearing A549 xenografts. These results provide support for the suggestion that a dual targeting approach that involves reducing ROS tolerance while concurrently increasing ROS production can perturb antioxidant homeostasis, enhance cancer cell death <i>in vitro</i>, and reduce tumor burden <i>in vivo</i>, as inferred from preliminary zebra fish model studies.
Practical Implementation of Index Modulation-Based Waveforms (2017)

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with index modulation (OFDM-IM) technique has been recently proposed to provide performance improvements over conventional OFDM. OFDM-IM includes a different data transmission mechanism, where additional data bits are transmitted over subcarrier patterns by specifically activating selected subcarriers and nulling the others. However, such a mechanism inherently causes some inefficiency due to the inactive subcarriers. To improve the spectral efficiency of the OFDM-IM technique, dual-mode OFDM with index modulation (DM-OFDM) is proposed, where nulled subcarriers are activated by using a second signal constellation. With DM-OFDM, a significant data rate improvement can be obtained. As an important missing issue in the literature, OFDM-IM and its effective variations, such as DM-OFDM, have only been studied in terms of computer simulations and theoretical analysis. Therefore, their real-time performance is not yet investigated to assess their potential for next-generation networks. Addressing this gap, in this paper, OFDM-IM and DM-OFDM techniques are implemented in real-time by using software defined radio technology. National Instruments USRP-2921 nodes are used in a single-input single-output configuration. With this implementation, detailed real-time results and performance observations are provided. Moreover, a hybrid OFDM-IM (H-OFDM-IM) scheme, which can be seen as the combination of OFDM-IM and DM-OFDM, is proposed by targeting the limitations of both OFDM-IM and DM-OFDM in terms of spectral containment and error performance. With H-OFDM-IM, noticeable improvements in spectral containment and error performance can be obtained, and these observations show its suitability for real-time use and next-generation networks. With comprehensive computer simulation and test results, these claims are verified.
Comments on "An Adaptive Multimodal Biometric Management Algorithm (2008)

We note that there are some discrepancies in the results reported in the previous titled paper. Our experiments indicate that the authors have considered only a subset of all possible fusion rules, contradicting the statement that all possible rules have been considered. Moreover, the authors state that only monotonic rules can be optimal, and therefore, all other rules can be ignored. However, our experimental results examining all possible rules demonstrate that a nonmonotonic rule can also be an optimum fusion rule.
A toolkit for integrated deterministic and probabilistic assessment for hydrogen infrastructure. (2014)

There has been increasing interest in using Quantitative Risk Assessment [QRA] to help improve the safety of hydrogen infrastructure and applications. Hydrogen infrastructure for transportation (e.g. fueling fuel cell vehicles) or stationary (e.g. back-up power) applications is a relatively new area for application of QRA vs. traditional industrial production and use, and as a result there are few tools designed to enable QRA for this emerging sector. There are few existing QRA tools containing models that have been developed and validated for use in small-scale hydrogen applications. However, in the past several years, there has been significant progress in developing and validating deterministic physical and engineering models for hydrogen dispersion, ignition, and flame behavior. In parallel, there has been progress in developing defensible probabilistic models for the occurrence of events such as hydrogen release and ignition. While models and data are available, using this information is difficult due to a lack of readily available tools for integrating deterministic and probabilistic components into a single analysis framework. This paper discusses the first steps in building an integrated toolkit for performing QRA on hydrogen transportation technologies and suggests directions for extending the toolkit.
Resolving Astrocyte Heterogeneity in the CNS (2017)

Astrocytes play essential roles in nearly all aspects of brain function from modulating synapses and neurovasculature to preserving appropriate extracellular solute concentrations. To meet the complex needs of the central nervous system (CNS), astrocytes possess highly specialized properties that are optimized for their surrounding neural circuitry. Precisely how these diverse astrocytes types are generated <i>in vivo</i>, however, remains poorly understood. Key to this process is a critical balance of intrinsic developmental patterning and context-dependent environmental signaling events that configures astrocyte phenotype. Indeed, emerging lines of evidence indicate that persistent cues from neighboring cells in the mature CNS cooperate with early patterning events to promote astrocyte diversity. Consistent with this, manipulating Sonic hedgehog (Shh), Notch and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling in the adult brain, have profound effects on the structural, morphological and physiological state of mature astrocytes. These pathways may become disrupted in various neurological diseases and contribute to CNS pathology. This mini-review article focuses on how context-dependent environmental cues cooperate with intrinsic developmental patterning events to control astrocyte diversity <i>in vivo</i> in order to promote healthy brain function.
New Ultrathin Needle Scope Used For Diagnosis Of Small Parts (1989)

The image transmission characteristics of shorter silica based imagefiber has been investigated. It has been found that the image quality strongly depends on the length and the suitable structure to the fiber length exists for the imagefiber. And as a result, it has been clarified that the most part of the unwanted waves can be removed by twisting or bending the imagefiber.
THE 'VIRTUAL FLUTE': ACOUSTIC MODELLING AT THE SERVICE OF PLAYERS AND COMPOSERS (2003)

Among the difficulties facing woodwind players are (i) awkward fingerings for rapid passages, (ii) intonation defects in instruments, and (iii) performing exotic effects such as microtones and multiphonics. In many cases these may be ameliorated by alternative fingerings. We report the construction and use of a web service for the flute. An expert system was trained by an experienced flutist to determine playability from features of 957 minima in measured acoustic impedance spectra Z(f) for 76 selected fingerings. Measurements on successively more complicated acoustic systems yielded an accurate waveguide model of Z(f) of the flute, which generated the minima of the 39,744 different acoustic configurations of the flute. The expert system, coupled with the waveguide model, produces a large database of alternative fingerings, microtone and multiphonic fingerings. The database is accessible to flutists and composers via a user-friendly interface that includes user determined constraints on key combinations and ranks fingerings by playability or pitch. This service, located at
Mining-Induced Earthquakes in the Open Pits of the Kola Peninsula (2005)

A geodynamic situation leading to dynamic manifestations of rock pressure in the open pits of the Kola Peninsula is described. Presented in the study are the investigation results of the determination of the state of stress in the rockmasses surrounding the open pits on the Kola Peninsula. Based on the investigations carried out, a conclusion is made that an increase of dynamic manifestations of rock pressure in number and energy in open pits may become a real issue in the near future, and has implications for deep open pit design.
From structural phase transition to highly sensitive lifetime based luminescent thermometer: multifaceted modification of thermometric performance in Y<sub>0.9−<i>x</i></sub>Nd<sub><i>x</i></sub>Yb<sub>0.1</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> nanocrystals (2021)

The development of a highly sensitive luminescent thermometer requires a deep understanding of the correlation between the structural properties of the host material and the temperature-dependent luminescence properties of lanthanide emitters embedded in these matrices.
Effect of Folic Acid, Liver Extract, and Vitamin B12 on Hemoglobin Regeneration in Chicks. (1949)

A severe anemia was induced in chicks by the intramuscular injection of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride (2.0 mg per 100 g body weight) following a depletion period on a folic acid deficient purified ration. Chicks were selected within narrow limits (2-4 g % Hb) and arranged into comparable groups to study the effect of folic acid, liver extract and vitamin B12 on the rate of hemoglobin regeneration.
Preparation of Polyglycolamines (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of PolyglycolaminesG. P. Speranza, S. D. Lesesne, and E. L. YeakeyCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1964, 3, 4, 314–315Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360012a014https://doi.org/10.1021/i360012a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views41Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Spatial and temporal emergence of high proliferative potential hematopoietic precursors during murine embryogenesis (2001)

During mouse embryogenesis, two waves of hematopoietic progenitors originate in the yolk sac. The first wave consists of primitive erythroid progenitors that arise at embryonic day 7.0 (E7.0), whereas the second wave consists of definitive erythroid progenitors that arise at E8.25. To determine whether these unilineage hematopoietic progenitors arise from multipotential precursors, we investigated the kinetics of high proliferative potential colony-forming cells (HPP-CFC), multipotent precursors that give rise to macroscopic colonies when cultured in vitro. No HPP-CFC were found at presomite stages (E6.5-E7.5). Rather, HPP-CFC were detected first at early somite stages (E8.25), exclusively in the yolk sac. HPP-CFC were found subsequently in the bloodstream at higher levels than the remainder of the embryo proper. However, the yolk sac remains the predominant site of HPP-CFC expansion (>100-fold) until the liver begins to serve as the major hematopoietic organ at E11.5. On secondary replating, embryonic HPP-CFC give rise to definitive erythroid and macrophage (but not primitive erythroid) progenitors. Our findings support the hypothesis that definitive but not primitive hematopoietic progenitors originate from yolk sac-derived HPP-CFC during late gastrulation.
Hydrodynamic Calculations of General-Relativistic Collapse (1966)

The general-relativistic equations governing the motion of a large mass under the influence of its own gravitational field and its own pressure have been approximated by finite-difference equations. A spherically symmetric, co-moving frame of reference was used. The pressure was assumed to be zero at the outer boundary. Rest mass was assumed to be conserved and heat transfer by neutrinos, radiation, etc., was not taken into account. Numerical solutions were obtained on a computer for several simplified equations of state, chosen to bracket the behavior of stellar material in late stages of collapse, and several masses. The maximum stable masses obtained were of the same order of magnitude, but somewhat larger than the maximum stable masses calculated statically. The behavior of light signals, of the metric coefficients, and of the hydrodynamic quantities as functions of time is described for collapse past the Schwarzchild radius. Such collapse leads to regions where the surface area of concentric spheres decreases as the rest mass contained by the spheres increases.
Surfactant Protein A inhibits inflammatory effects of LPS and IL-8 (1997)

Dept. of Medicine, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine and the Div of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Univ. of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver. CO; and Seattle VAMC, Div. of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA. *NJC, 1400 Jackson St., Denver, CO 80206 USA
Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in some commercial brands of candies and chocolates in Nigeria (2015)

The concentrations and profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in 29 commercial brands of candies and chocolates commonly consumed in Nigeria with a view to providing information on the risks associated with the consumption of these products. The measurements were performed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after hexane/dichloromethane extraction and clean-up. The concentrations of the Σ16 PAHs in the candies and chocolates were in the range of 1.09-149.46 μg/kg and 0.95-222.62 μg/kg, respectively. The profiles of PAHs in these brands of candies and chocolates indicate dominance of low molecular weight PAHs (3- and 4-ring) over high molecular weight PAHs (5- and 6-ring). In this study, three samples of chocolate had PAH4 (benzo(a)anthracene + benzo(b) fluoranthene + benzo(a)pyrene + chrysene) concentrations above the 35 μg/kg PAH4 limit in cocoa butter stipulated by European Commission Regulation no. 835/2011.
Stereopsis Based on Vernier Acuity Cues Alone (1967)

Random-line stereograms were generated in which the only monocular cues were minute breaks occurring at random in thin vertical (or horizontal) line grids. The breaks were binocularly correlated. The stereograms yielded global stereopsis (of a square standing out in front of a surface) even with monocular breaks of as little as 16 seconds of arc, which is below the threshold for resolving two lines. This technique led to the clarification of relations between local and global stereopsis.
Direct selection of DNA sequences conserved between species (1993)

An essential requirement in the analysis of genomes is the identification of functionally important sequence elements, which are often evolutionarily conserved. We describe here the development of a novel procedure for the selective isolation of conserved sequences which is based on hybridization of PCR-amplifiable DNA fragments from the whole genome of one species to biotinylated DNA from a genomic region of another species. The interspecies DNA hybrids are immobilized and the PCR-amplifiable DNA fragments are eluted, amplified and after further hybridization-amplification rounds cloned. This method was used for the generation of sublibraries of conserved sequences from mouse and pig DNA from regions corresponding to cosmids from the human Xq28 region. Mouse and pig homologs of sequences containing exons of known human genes, as well as exons from novel genes have been identified.
Good functional recovery following intervention for delayed suprachoroidal haemorrhage post bleb needling: a case report (2008)

It is important to consider the possibility of delayed suprachoroidal haemorrhage as a complication in bleb needling, and early surgical intervention may be beneficial.
Enhancement of Neovascularization in Regenerating Skeletal Muscle by the Sustained Release of Erucamide from a Polymer Matrix (1996)

The angiogenic agent erucamide (cis-13-docosenamide), incorporated into a polymeric biomaterial (Elvax 40P, a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate), was used to determine whether angiogenesis can be increased in the regenerating skeletal muscle, and whether the enhanced revascularization improves the new muscle formation. The angiogenic nature of this lipid was confirmed in a rat cornea-micropocket assay, prior to insertion of small strips of the polymer containing either 3 micrograms, 300 micrograms erucamide or only polymer as a control into the mid-region of crush-injured tibialis anterior (TA) muscles of forty-five adult male BALB/c mice. All TA muscles were sampled ten days after injury and analyzed morphometrically. Statistical analyses of the mean blood vessel area density in lesions from twelve perfused TA muscles (three from each of the erucamide-treated or control group), revealed a dose-dependent angiogenic effect of erucamide: a dosage of 3 micrograms increased mean blood vessel area density to 5.1% compared to 2.0% in controls, due to numerous large caliber, thin-walled vessels, whereas the mean vessel area density in both the 30-micrograms (3.5%) and 300-micrograms (1.5%) doses were similar to controls. However, at all three doses tested, erucamide did not significantly alter the degree of new muscle formation, connective tissue deposition, or removal of necrotic debris.
Anforderungen an Eine Umweltorientierte Unternehmensführung (2003)

Unternehmen werden heute viel stärker von der Öffentlichkeit beachtet, weil sie gegenüber verschiedenen Anspruchsgruppen zu verantwortlichem Handeln verpflichtet sind. Kunden und Geschäftspartner stellen konkrete Ansprüche in Bezug auf umweltfreundliche Produkte und Dienstleistungen. Staat und Gesellschaft erwarten von jedem Unternehmen, dass es einen Beitrag zur Bewältigung der ökologischen Probleme leistet. Deshalb wird im Folgenden ein Bezugsrahmen für ein strategisches Umweltmanagement vorgestellt, in dem die Unternehmens-Umwelt-Beziehung sowie die unternehmerische Verantwortung in der gleichrangigen Berücksichtigung von Ökonomie, Ökologie und Sozialem im Vordergrund stehen. Durch einen innovativen Umweltschutz kann nicht nur ein Beitrag zur Erhöhung der betrieblichen Effizienz und der Rentabilität geleistet werden. Vielmehr trägt er entscheidend auch zum wirtschaftlichen Erfolg durch Ressourcenentlastung und die Sicherheit bei der Herstellung, Nutzung und Wiederverwertung der Produkte bei.
Selecting Near-Optimal Learners via Incremental Data Allocation (2016)

We study a novel machine learning (ML) problem setting of sequentially allocating small subsets of training data amongst a large set of classifiers. The goal is to select a classifier that will give near-optimal accuracy when trained on all data, while also minimizing the cost of misallocated samples. This is motivated by large modern datasets and ML toolkits with many combinations of learning algorithms and hyper-parameters. Inspired by the principle of "optimism under uncertainty," we propose an innovative strategy, Data Allocation using Upper Bounds (DAUB), which robustly achieves these objectives across a variety of real-world datasets. We further develop substantial theoretical support for DAUB in an idealized setting where the expected accuracy of a classifier trained on $n$ samples can be known exactly. Under these conditions we establish a rigorous sub-linear bound on the regret of the approach (in terms of misallocated data), as well as a rigorous bound on suboptimality of the selected classifier. Our accuracy estimates using real-world datasets only entail mild violations of the theoretical scenario, suggesting that the practical behavior of DAUB is likely to approach the idealized behavior.
Nerve grafting for traction injuries of the common peroneal nerve. A report of 17 cases (1993)

We report 17 patients who had grafting of the common peroneal nerve after traction injuries. Sixteen were reviewed at a median follow-up of 36 months. The nerve gap ranged from 7 to 20 cm. A functionally satisfactory result was achieved in six patients (37.5%), a fair result in six and a poor result in four. Seven patients had, in addition, a posterior tibialis tendon transfer; this improved the result in five. Grafting produced some satisfactory results even when the nerve gap was as long as 20 cm.
Improved interference cancellation for turbo-equalization (2002)

Sub-optimal joint equalization and decoding is performed by iterated equalization and decoding. This processing is named turbo-equalization with reference to the turbo-decoding of serially concatenated codes. We propose to optimize the equalizer structure (an interference canceler) thanks to the training sequence available to estimate the channel impulse response. The interference canceler, optimized at each iteration, permits one to reduce the number of iterations needed to achieve a given performance. The gain is all the more important that the channel is hard to equalize.