gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microsatellite Instability and K-ras Mutations in Gastric Adenomas, with Reference to Associated Gastric Cancers (1999)

Gastric adenomas are often detected in the stomach resected for gastric cancer. Previous investigation have revealed that the prevalence of their malignant transformation is generally low, but the frequent coexistence with carcinoma suggests that they may share some common processes with gastric cancer in tumorigenesis. In contrast to the cumulative information about genetic alterations in gastric cancer, inquiries into the genetic changes of adenoma and coexisting carcinoma in the same individual's stomach are still few. We investigated microsatellite instability (MSI) and K-ras point mutations in codons 12 and 13 in 50 lesions of gastric adenomas in 43 cases, and 31 lesions of gastric cancers that coexisted with these adenomas. In gastric adenomas, we found seven lesions (14.0%) to have microsatellite instability (MSI) at one or more loci, and most of them (six cases) had MSI at only one locus and were not associated with alterations in presumable target molecules. MSI was detected more frequently (11/31, 35.5%) and more extensively (five lesions at multiple loci) in accompanying gastric carcinomas. The prevalence of MSI in adenomas was more frequently found in those with synchronous gastric cancer (6/37, 16.2%, vs. 1/13, 7.6%) than without, and gastric adenoma accompanied by gastric cancer with multiple MSI tended to have MSI more frequently than that accompanied by cancer without MSI (4/5, 80%, vs. 1/24, 4.2%; p = 0. 01). In at least some individuals, MSI appears to represent one step in the pathway of gastric tumorigenesis, shared by adenoma and carcinoma. We found K-ras gene alteration in 8 lesions (16.0%) out of 50 gastric flat adenomas and no difference in its prevalence between adenoma with or without cancer. Only one gastric cancer, which had adenoma without K-ras mutation, had K-ras codon 12 mutation. Adenomas with a higher grade of atypia (p < 0.05) more frequently carried K-ras point mutation, which is consistent with the situation in colorectal adenoma. We conclude that MSI, not K-ras mutation, is a shared genetic alteration in adenoma and carcinoma of the individual stomach.
Interferometry and coherence of nonstationary light (2019)

We consider temporally integrating interferometric measurements and their relation to the coherence properties of nonstationary light. We find that performing such experiments as a function of time delay is equivalent to spectrally resolving the interference patterns, and time-domain coherence information can be obtained from field autocorrelation only if the source is of the Schell-model type. In an analogy to autocorrelation, we introduce field cross-correlation, which can be used to determine the complete complex field of unknown signal pulses if suitable probe pulses are available. We demonstrate our findings with simulated supercontinuum and free-electron laser ensembles, and discuss the prospect of carrying out experiments.
Supporting the IoT over Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Networks Using Information-Centric Networking (2016)

We investigate the control and data message overhead when the IoT is supported over an integrated satellite-terrestrial network based on Information-Centric Networking (ICN). We consider a scenario where IoT sensor networks are connected via LEO satellites and present three optimization models: polling and data aggregation at a proxy, confidential data transfer using a single proxy, and individual proxy for each IoT node. The three models are implemented in an integrated ICN testbed that consists of a Publish-Subscribe Internet (PSI) prototype and the OpenSAND satellite emulation. The experimental results show that the optimization models, utilizing PSI's mechanisms, can significantly reduce the satellite traffic load while supporting different levels of security.
Unusual influence of nitrogen on rates of anion formation. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange of pyridine and the diazines (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUnusual influence of nitrogen on rates of anion formation. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange of pyridine and the diazinesJohn A. Zoltewicz, Gerwalt Grahe, and Craig L. SmithCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 20, 5501–5505Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01048a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01048a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views325Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Amphiregulin Is Produced by Myeloma Cells and Is Involved in Tumor-Environment Interactions in Multiple Myeloma. (2004)

Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the accumulation of clonal malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. One of the hallmarks of plasma cells is the expression of the heparan-sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-1. In epithelial cells, syndecan-1 plays a major role as a coreceptor for heparin-binding growth factors and chemokines. This stresses that heparin-binding growth factors may play a major role in the biology of MM cells. Recently we have demonstrated that heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), one of the ten members of the Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) family, is produced by the tumor microenvironment and is able to trigger myeloma cell growth. As amphiregulin (AREG) is another member of the EGF family that also binds heparan-sulphate chains, we investigated its role in MM. We looked for AREG expression on a panel of 7 normal plasmablastic cells (PPCs), 7 normal bone marrow plasma cells (BMPCs), purified MM cells from 65 patients and 20 myeloma cell lines (HMCLs), with Affymetrix U133A+B microarrays. We showed that primary MM cells overexpress AREG compared to normal BMPCs and PPCs. We then investigated the expression of the ErbB receptors with real-time RT-PCR. Myeloma cells variably expressed the 4 ErbB receptors. Normal BMPCs also expressed ErbB1 and ErbB2 unlike PPCs that did not express any ErbB receptors. We demonstrated that the high AREG expression by primary myeloma cells may have a dual effect. On the one hand, AREG stimulated IL-6 production and growth of bone-marrow stromal cells that highly express the AREG ErbB1 receptor. On the other hand, AREG could promote HMCL proliferation, suggesting that a functional autocrine loop involving AREG and ErbB receptors is involved in MM cell growth. Finally, we looked for the effect of ErbB inhibitors on MM cells of 14 patients cultured for 6 days together with their bone marrow environment. A pan-ErbB inhibitor (PD-169540, Pfizer) and an ErbB1-inhibitor (IRESSA, Astrazeneca) induced strong MM cell apoptosis in respectively 71% of patients (10 of 14) and 29% of patients (4 of 14). Of major interest, when PD169540 or IRESSA were combined with dexamethasone, they induced a dramatic myeloma cell death (respectively 92% and 69% inhibition of MM cell survival), while non-myeloma cells were unaffected. Thus ErbB activation is critical to trigger MM-cell survival in short-term culture. In conclusion, our findings provide evidence for a major role of AREG and HB-EGF in the biology of multiple myeloma and identify ErbB receptors as putative therapeutic targets. These data emphasize the interest of clinical evaluation of specific-ErbB-inhibitors in patients with MM, either used alone or in combination with dexamethasone.
On the POssibility of the new Experimental Determination of the conductance at low pressures (1954)

We have studied on the possibility of a new method about the experimental determinations of the conductance at low pressures, using scattered light flow analogy.
Abstract 891: Plumbagin and atovaquone inhibit Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase through the generation of oxidative stress (2019)

Plumbagin and atovaquone are chemotoxic to ovarian, breast and other tumors. Both molecules inhibit oxidative phosphorylation causing a rapid increase in intracellular oxygen radicals and apoptosis. Oxidative stress is also known to inhibit the activity of Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA), the ion channel that maintains the membrane potential. Here, we investigate if the oxidative stress mediated by plumbagin and atovaquone also leads to inhibition of NKA activity. We confirm that plumbagin and atovaquone inhibit proliferation of three human (OVCAR-3, SKOV-3 and TYKNu) and one mouse (ID8) ovarian cancer cell lines. Using SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 as models for ovarian cancer, we demonstrate that oxygen radical scavenger, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) attenuated the cytotoxicity of plumbagin and atovaquone. Using whole cell patch clamping we demonstrate that plumbagin and atovaquone inhibit outward and inward current flowing through NKA in SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3. Both drugs decrease cellular ATP. Providing exogenous ATP (5 mM) in the pipet solution used during patch clamping did not recover NKA activity in the plumbagin or atovaquone treated SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 cells. However, pretreatment of the cells with NAC completely abrogated the NKA inhibitory activity of plumbagin and atovaquone. Exposure of the SKOV-3 cells to either of the drugs for 1-2 h resulted in a significant decrease in the expression of NKA. We conclude that oxidative stress caused by plumbagin and atovaquone degrades NKA and hence the membrane potential cannot be optimally maintained. Evaluation of compounds that induce oxidative stress should therefore consider contribution of NKA inhibition to the cytotoxic activity of such agents.Citation Format: Yousef Alharbi, Arvinder Kapur, Mildred Felder, Lisa Barroilhet, Bikash Pattnaik, Manish S. Patankar. Plumbagin and atovaquone inhibit Na+/K+-ATPase through the generation of oxidative stress [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 891.
Liquid Exfoliated Graphene: A Practical Method for Increasing Loading and Producing Thin Films (2015)

Liquid exfoliation of graphene offers the potential of an easy, simple, and scalable means for the production of high quality graphene sheets. Increasing the loading of exfoliated graphene dispersions is necessary to increase efficiency and make liquid exfoliation a practical method for graphene synthesis. This publication demonstrates the use of NH3 as an additive to significantly increase the loading of graphene within 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) dispersions. The simple synthesis of graphene films by addition of the dispersion to water is also demonstrated. The films, made from a disordered collection of graphene flakes, are predominantly constructed from few, <5, layered graphene.
LIGAMENT ENGINEERING: CHARACTERISTICS OF BETA FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR RELEASE FROM A BIOENGINEERED SCAFFOLD. (2007)

The anterior cruciate ligament is a commonly injured ligament of the knee in which ligament reconstruction with a graft is necessary due to its limited healing capacity. With limitations on the existing graft alternatives, we aim to engineer a ligament using a donor9s bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Recently, our laboratory reported synergism between biomechanical and biochemical stimulation (bFGF) resulting in up-regulation of gene expression of stress-resistant collagen I and stress-responsive collagen III and tenascin-C. However, it was unclear if this observation was due to true synergism between mechanical and biochemical signal transduction pathways or due to enhanced release kinetics of the bFGF. The objective of this project is to determine the effects of mechanical stimulation on the release kinetics of bFGF in the presence of a complex biologic environment (cells, media, etc.). Microporous scaffolds were constructed from biodegradable polycaprolactone polymers, loaded with 400 ng I-125-labeled bFGF per scaffold and seeded with BMSCs harvested from rats. Release of bFGF was quantified by measuring radioactivity from I-125-labeled bFGF on either strained (6%) or unstrained scaffolds. After 10 hours, approximately 30% of the bFGF was burst-released from the scaffolds, 10% of bFGF was released after 6 days, and approximately 60% remained on the scaffolds. Mechanical stimulation did not affect the release of bFGF within this complex biologic environment. In summary, we have established and characterized a controlled release system to deliver bFGF to cells seeded within microporous scaffolds and subjected to biomechanical stimulation. Given that the release kinetics are not influenced by mechanical stimulation, this system allows us to uncouple the effects of mechanical stimulation and growth factor delivery in future experiments. This finding also encourages the investigation of common signal transduction pathways that may be involved in the observed synergism between biomechanical and biochemical stimulation.
Piezoelectric Structural Vibration Control Using Active Resonator Absorber (2001)

Abstract A novel dynamic vibration absorber is presented while exploring its practical implementation using piezoelectric ceramic (PZT) inertial actuators. It is referred to as active resonator absorber (ARA). The ARA is a passive absorber with an additional dynamic feedback compensator within the PZT actuator. Without any controller, the PZT inertial actuator becomes a passive vibration absorber due to the internal damping and stiffness properties of piezoelectric materials. Hence, it is inherently fail-safe. For active operation, the compensator parameters are designed such that a resonance condition is intentionally created within the absorber to mimic the vibratory energy from the system of concern to which it is attached. The resonance condition can be created through the appropriate design of the compensator and implemented through adjusting the external electrical voltage applied to the absorber. Because the parameters of the PZT actuators (i.e. stiffness, damping, and effective mass) are estimates, compensator designs based on these parameters would result in partial vibration suppression, when utilized in real applications. An auto-tuning method is, therefore, introduced to effectively tune the compensator parameters to improve vibration suppression quality. The effectiveness and stability of the proposed absorber is demonstrated through simulations when appended on a SDOF primary system.
The Discrete Geodesic Problem (1987)

We present an algorithm for determining the shortest path between a source and a destination on an arbitrary (possibly nonconvex) polyhedral surface. The path is constrained to lie on the surface, and distances are measured according to the Euclidean metric. Our algorithm runs in time $O(n^2 \log n)$ and requires $O(n^2 )$ space, where n is the number of edges of the surface. After we run our algorithm, the distance from the source to any other destination may be determined using standard techniques in time $O(\log n)$ by locating the destination in the subdivision created by the algorithm. The actual shortest path from the source to a destination can be reported in time $O(k + \log n)$, where k is the number of faces crossed by the path. The algorithm generalizes to the case of multiple source points to build the Voronoi diagram on the surface, where n is now the maximum of the number of vertices and the number of sources.
Handling of Use Errors with Medical Devices (2000)

In overview on emerging process standards is presented which are streamlining the handling of use errors by industry and a proposal to regulatory authorities is outlined on how to handle use errors under adverse event reporting procedures.
Minimization of Homopolymer Formation and Control of Dispersity in Free Radical Induced Graft Polymerization Using Xanthate Derived Macro-photoinitiators (2000)

Several macro-photoinitiators of different composition and molecular weights were prepared by the copolymerization of a photosensitive monomer, S-methacryloyl O-ethyl xanthate (MAX), using MMA or styrene as the comonomers. These macro-photoinitiators were used for the controlled grafting of monomers such as MMA and styrene under various experimental conditions using 350 nm irradiation. The graft yields and the molecular weights of the graft copolymers increased with increase in irradiation time. Similarly, the molecular weights of the graft copolymers increased with increase in mole percentage of the xanthate chromophores in the macroinitiators. The polydispersities of the graft copolymers remained below 1.5, which is the theoretical limiting value for free radical induced polymerization reactions, except in the case of graft polymers obtained after prolonged irradiation. Noticeably, the formation of homopolymers could be suppressed, which is a great advantage of the present approach. The control over homopolymerization and polydispersities has been explained on the basis of the distinctly different reactivities of the free radicals generated by the macroinitiator. The macroradicals generated are mainly responsible for initiating the grafting of monomers whereas the less reactive thiocarbonylthiyl radicals are primarily involved in the termination of the graft chains, thereby preventing the homopolymer formation to a large extent. Thus, the use of xanthate-derived macro-photoinitiators is a simple and easy method for the synthesis of narrow dispersed graft copolymers, which are less contaminated with homopolymers.
Nanoscale Optimization of Ultrasonic Dispersion of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Polyelectrolyte Aqueous Solution. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
EFFECT OF VARIOUS ADRENAL STEROIDS ON PLASMA MAGNESIUM AND THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM OF ADRENALECTOMIZED DOGS<sup>1</sup> (1958)

Plasma Mg increases in adrenal insufficiency and remains elevated for several days after plasma K and other electrolytes have returned to normal and symptoms have disappeared under medication with adrenal steroids such as 2-methyl-9α-fluorohydrocortisone, aldosterone and desoxycorticosterone. Electrocardiographic changes commonly occur in adrenal insufficiency and cardiac arrythymia may be severe enough to cause collapse and death. These disturbances arc generally assumed to be due to hyperkalemia per se but other factors such as low plasma Na, Cl and plasma volume plus high plasma Mg may be involved along with increased plasma K in inducing the cardiac irregularities. The effect of the various steroids upon water and electrolyte shifts are also discussed.
Schottky diode via dielectrophoretic assembly of reduced graphene oxide sheets between dissimilar metal contacts (2011)

We demonstrate the fabrication of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) Schottky diodes via dielectrophoretic (DEP) assembly of RGO between two dissimilar metal contacts. Titanium (Ti) was used to make a Schottky contact, while palladium (Pd) was used to make an Ohmic contact. From the current-voltage characteristics, we obtain rectifying behavior with a rectification ratio of up to 600. The ideality factor was high (4.9), possibly due to the presence of a large number of defects in the RGO sheets. The forward biased turn-on voltage was 1V, whereas the reverse biased breakdown voltage was -3.1 V, which improved further upon mild annealing at 200 degrees C and can be attributed to an increase in the work function of RGO due to annealing.
Alternate promoter selection within a human cytomegalovirus immediate-early and early transcription unit (UL119-115) defines true late transcripts containing open reading frames for putative viral glycoproteins (1991)

The human cytomegalovirus open reading frames (ORFs) UL119 through UL115 (UL119-115) are located downstream of the immediate-early 1 and 2 transcription units. The promoter upstream of UL119 is active at all times after infection and drives the synthesis of a spliced 3.1-kb mRNA. The viral mRNA initiates in UL119, contains UL119-117 and UL116, and terminates just downstream of UL115. True late transcripts that are detected only after viral DNA synthesis originate from this transcription unit. True late mRNAs of 2.1 kb, containing ORFs UL116 and UL115, and 1.2 kb, containing ORF UL115 only, are synthesized. The true late viral mRNAs are 3' coterminal with the 3.1-kb mRNA. This transcription unit is an example of late promoters nested within an immediate-early-early transcription unit. The gene products of UL119-117, UL116, and UL115 are predicted to be glycoproteins. Efficient expression of the downstream ORFs at late times after infection may be related to alternate promoter usage and downstream cap site selection.
Ambulatory arterial stiffness index derived from 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (2005)

Objective: The assessment of conduit and central arteries properties provides an important information for risk stratification and prognosis in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Some characteristics of arterial wall status seem to be an attractive therapeutic target in different conditions. The aim of the study was to evaluate the status of conduit arteries in patients with heart failure with oscillometric technique.
Surface Cleaning and Etching of 4H-SiC(0001) Using High-Density Atmospheric Pressure Hydrogen Plasma (2011)

We propose low-damage and high-efficiency treatment of 4H-SiC(0001) surfaces using atmospheric pressure (AP) hydrogen plasma. Hydrogen radicals generated by the AP plasma was found to effectively remove damaged layers on SiC wafers and improve surface morphology by isotropic etching. Localized high-density AP plasma generated with a cylindrical rotary electrode provides a high etching rate of 1.6 microm/min and yields smooth morphology by eliminating surface corrugation and scratches introduced by wafer slicing and lapping procedures. However, high-rate etching with localized plasma was found to cause an inhomogeneous etching profile depending on the plasma density and re-growth of the poly-Si layer at the downstream due to the decomposition of the vaporized SiH(x) products. On the other hand, for the purpose of achieving moderate etching and ideal cleaning of SiC surfaces, we demonstrated the application of a novel porous carbon electrode to form delocalized and uniform AP plasma over 4 inches in diameter. We obtained a reasonably moderate etching rate of 0.1 microm/min and succeeded in fabricating damage-free SiC surfaces.
Looking back at Orpheus (2012)

The poet Ralph Waldo Emerson once wrote, ‘One of the most wonderful things in nature is a glance of the eye; it transcends speech; it is the bodily symbol of identity.’

A single glance can represent synchrony of thought, an unspoken bond between close friends and family. Glancing back however is often a symbol of a reluctance to look forward, to be distracted, dwell on the past and remain static.

To the ancient Greeks, Orpheus was a legendary prophet, poet and musician.1 The Greek myth of Orpheus and …