gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Digital Signal Processing on Crystal Filter Requirements (1987)

The availability of low-cost digital signal processing (DSP) hardware and A/D converters has made it possible to perform many of the filtering functions, traditionally accomplished using crystal filters, by digital means. Finite impulse response (FIR) digital filters are often used, and they are designed to have an absolute linear phase response. The basic configuration of these filters is discussed along with typical specifications and frequency response curves. The use of DSP often requires a crystal filter at one of the IF frequencies to limit the bandwidth. If this is not done, aliasing occurs, which cannot be removed by subsequent digital processing. The reasons for these requirements as well as typical crystal filter specifications are discussed. The primary advantages of digital filters are that: (1) a linear phase can he obtained, (2) once designed, each filter has exactly the same response in production, and (3) additional bandwidthscan be provided without significantly increasing the cost. Once the decision is made to use DSP, many other functions such as demodulation and AGC can also be performed. In the near future, DSP is expected to replace the most exacting analog filters, particularly those requiring equalizers. These receivers will continue to require crystal filters, but with somewhat wider bandwidths. Many receivers, particularly those requiring only one bandwidth or a relatively wide bandwidth, will likely remain analog for some time, although DSP has the potential to replace large portions of these receivers. As digital hardware costs continue to decline more and more of the analog functions will be accomplished digitally.
Donaggio reaction positive substances derived from serum protein (Cohn fraction VI) (1981)

Up to date Donaggio reaction positive substances derived from serum protein have been shown to be from the α1-globulin region, mainly α1-AG. One purpose of this study was to purify α1-AG from Cohn fraction VI of human serum by means of starch block electrophoresis and to measure the Donaggio titer in it. The other purpose was to compare α1-AG with the other protein subfraction.The results were:1) Pure (about 98%) α1-AG was obtained from Cohn fraction VI after heating. The Donaggio titer of α1-AG solution was 1.7-2.2/mg/dl. Whole Cohn fraction VI was 1.2, human albumin was 0.7 and α2-HS was 0.8.2) The Donaggio specific activity was indirectly proved to be in the order of α1-globulin>α2-globulin contained in the Cohn fraction VI. This result supports the previous report.3) A solution of Cohn fraction VI was almost equal in Donaggio titer per the same concentration of protein to urine after exercise, after treatment by heating at 100°C for 10 minutes and acidification to pH. 5 by acetic acid.4) α1-AG was concluded to have the highest Donaggio titer of the whole protein subfraction.
Nucleotide Excision Repair of Chemically Stabilized Analogues of DNA Interstrand Cross-Links Produced from Oxidized Abasic Sites (2014)

Nucleotide excision repair is a primary pathway in cells for coping with DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs). Recently, C4'-oxidized (C4-AP) and C5'-oxidized abasic sites (DOB) that are produced following hydrogen atom abstraction from the DNA backbone were found to produce ICLs. Because some of the ICLs derived from C4-AP and DOB are too unstable to characterize in biochemical processes, chemically stable analogues were synthesized [Ghosh, S., and Greenberg, M. M. (2014) J. Org. Chem. 79, 5948-5957]. UvrABC incision of DNA substrates containing stabilized analogues of the ICLs derived from C4-AP and DOB was examined. The incision pattern for the ICL related to the C4'-oxidized abasic site was typical for UvrABC substrates. UvrABC cleaved both strands of the substrate containing the C4-AP ICL analogue, but it was a poor substrate. UvrABC incised <30% of the C4-AP ICL analogue over an 8 h period, raising the possibility that this cross-link will be inefficiently repaired in cells. Furthermore, double-strand breaks were not detected upon incision of an internally labeled hairpin substrate containing the C4-AP ICL analogue. UvrABC incised the stabilized analogue of the DOB ICL more efficiently (~20% in 1 h). Furthermore, the incision pattern was unique, and the cross-linked substrate was converted into a single product, a double-strand break. The template strand was exclusively incised on the template strand on the 3'-side of the cross-linked dA. Although the outcomes of the interaction between UvrABC and these two cross-linked substrates are different from one another, they provide additional examples of how seemingly simple lesions (C4-AP and DOB) can potentially exert significant deleterious effects on biochemical processes.
Thermal plasma processing (1991)

A review is given of the fundamental aspects involved in material processing using thermal plasma technology. The description of plasma generating devices covers DC plasma torches, DC transferred arcs, RF inductively coupled plasma torches and hybrid combinations of them. Emphasis is given to the identification of the basic energy coupling mechanism in each case and the principal characteristics of the flow and temperature fields in the plasma. Materials processing techniques using thermal plasmas are grouped in two broad categories depending on the role played by the plasma in the process. Only typical examples are given of each type of process. These are grouped under two broad subsections dealing respectively with applications in which the plasma is used as a source of heat in high temperatures, and those in which the plasma is used as a source of chemically active species. The author also deals with plasma diagnostics and mathematical modeling and the role which they can play in the long term development of the technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Strong equilibration of Landau levels edge-states at the graphene edge (2019)

We present the results of an experimental study of the interaction of quantized Landau level (LL) edge-states at the physical edge of graphene by using a graphene pn junction device with a ring-shaped geometry for the channel. The unique device geometry allows the interactions between edge-states to be probed at both electrostatic edges defined by pn junctions and at the graphene physical edge. Measurements show that while the lowest LL edge-state is decoupled from the other LLs along the electrostatic junction, all the edge-states strongly equilibrate at the graphene physical edge despite the relatively short distance that they travel along the edge in our device. These findings are fundamental for the engineering of future high-performance graphene field-effect transistors based upon electron optics.
Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercises (1975)

DIAPHRAGMATIC breathing exercises have long been advocated in the therapy of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The control of diaphragmatic excursions is accomplished by (1) consciously contracting the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall to obtain preferential descent of the diaphragm during inspiration, (2) assuming the head-down, supine, or leaning-forward posture to facilitate a diaphragmatic breathing pattern, and (3) placing weights or strapping belts on the abdomen to force the diaphragm craniad.<sup>1-3</sup> Often, dyspnea is relieved by these maneuvers, but it is uncertain what are the mechanisms responsible for the improvement. The following hypotheses have been suggested: (1) reduction of minute ventilation with maintenance of alveolar ventilation, (2) slowing of inspiratory flow rates, (3) improvement of ventilation-perfusion relationships at the bases of the lungs, (4) diminution of the work of breathing, and (5) promotion of a feeling of well-being. <h3>Reduction of Dead-Space Ventilation</h3> The hypothesis that reduced
Efficient Algorithms and Structures for Fractional Delay Filtering Based on Lagrange Interpolation (2009)

Fractional delay (FD) filtering is a technique for the calculation of arbitrarily delayed signal values from band-limited discrete-time sequences. Lagrange interpolation is a widely used method for FD interpolation. It is especially suited for applications where the delay value changes frequently, because the filter coefficients can be calculated by means of explicit formulas. Because of the widespread application of Lagrange interpolation, efficient algorithms and structures for the calculation of the filter coefficients and for the filtering are of great importance. A number of existing algorithms for Lagrange interpolation are surveyed and a concise analysis of the computational effort is provided. Based on existing methods, a novel structure for Lagrange interpolation is derived, which is very efficient in terms of computational resources, scalable, and well suited to parallel implementation in hardware or software.
Three-dimensional deposition of silicon from silicate glass with dispersed metallic aluminum by a femtosecond laser (2006)

We have fabricated silicon structure in silicate glass prepared with metallic aluminum in the starting material, using femtosecond laser irradiation and subsequent annealing. Small Si-rich structures such as oxygen-deficiency (O-deficiency) defects or Si clusters transform into nano-sized Si particles by the focusing irradiation of the laser. Then the Si-rich structures grow into micro-size particles due to the thermite reaction promoted by heat treatment. We determine the effect of focused laser pulse on the Si deposition process by using a time-resolved transient lens method with a sub-picosecond laser pulse. Localized high-temperature, high-pressure, and the generation of shock waves appear to be very important in forming the Si-rich structures that ultimately grow into Si particles. The diffusion of oxygen by shock waves and the existence of Al-rich structures help form Si-rich structures as Si-O bonds continuously break under high temperature. The focusing irradiation of femtosecond lasers is very useful for fabricating Si structures inside glass.
Li- and Na-Doped NiO Thick Film for Thermoelectric Hydrogen Sensor. (2002)

A new hydrogen sensor based on the thermoelectric oxide of Li- and Na-doped NiO has been fabricated using the screen printing method. The thermoelectric hydrogen sensor, Pt/NiO/alumina, showed voltage signal and built-up temperature difference for 1% H2/ air mixture gas. At 25°C, the voltage signal and temperature difference were 0.079mV and 0.15°C, respectively, and the signal-to-noise ratio was 16. The increase in operating temperature up to the range of 85-150°C made the catalytic activity more stable, and the response characteristics were also improved. A very clear voltage signal of 1mV for 1% hydrogen gas was observed, and the sensor showed extremely small temperature dependence. The sensor possesses a good linear relationship between the voltage signal and the gas concentration at this operating temperature range.The lower detection limit of the sensor was found to be below 250ppm, and the sensor provides an output level of 0.1 to 10mV, which corresponds to practical gas concentrations of hundred ppm order to several percent with a high signal-to-noise ratio. From these results, we conclude that this sensor is the most promising candidate for fast and affordable hydrogen leakage detectors for fuel cell driving systems.
Altered Gene Expression in Early Atherosclerosis Is Blocked by Low Level Apolipoprotein E (2008)

Atherosclerotic lesions in apoE(-/-) mice are detected as early as 4 weeks of age. Expression of low levels of apoE is shown to be both atheroprotective and to suppress these changes in key adhesion and inflammatory molecules observed in early atherosclerotic lesions.
Influence of treatment conditions on chalcopyrite films deposited at atmospheric pressure (2008)

Abstract Spin‐coating technique was used to deposit precursor layers for chalcopyrite films of the series CuInX 2 and Cu(In,Ga)X 2 where X = S or Se or (S,Se). The influence of different parameters of the process, such as solution composition, air pre‐treatment and chalcogenation treatment is discussed with respect to film applicability in photovoltaic devices. Layer morphology, stochiometry and crystalline structure varied widely with the different compositions and treatments. Highly oriented CuInSe 2 and Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 films were obtained. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON BENZOTHIAZOLINE DERIVATIVES. IV. SYNTHESIS AND NOVEL RING EXPANSION REACTION OF BENZOTHIAZOLINE SULFOXIDES (1980)

Abstract Das Benzothiazolin (I) wird innerhalb einer Woche zum Sulfoxid (II) autoxidiert.
Raman Amplification and Lasing in SiGe-on-insulator waveguides (2006)

Stimulated Raman scattering in SOI waveguides has received significant attention recently with the demonstration of pulsed, continuous wave Raman lasers and high gain Raman amplification. However, the limited bandwidth of the Raman signal in silicon (/spl sim/105GHz) renders this scheme unsuitable for broadband WDM amplification unless multi-pumping scheme is employed. Large pulsed gain and lasing have been reported in GeSi waveguides. The SiGe on SOI platform represents a Raman medium with a flexible gain spectrum.
Simultaneous Detection of Single Attoliter Droplet Collisions by Electrochemical and Electrogenerated Chemiluminescent Responses (2014)

Abstract We provide evidence of single attoliter oil droplet collisions at the surface of an ultra‐microelectrode (UME) by the observation of simultaneous electrochemical current transients ( i – t curves) and electrogenerated chemiluminescent (ECL) transients in an oil/water emulsion. An emulsion system based on droplets of toluene and tri‐ n ‐propylamine (2:1 v/v) emulsified with an ionic liquid and suspended in an aqueous continuous phase was formed by ultrasonification. When an ECL luminophore, such as rubrene, is added to the emulsion droplet, stochastic events can be tracked by observing both the current blips from oxidation at the electrode surface and the ECL blips from the follow‐up ECL reaction, which produces light. This report provides a means of studying fundamental aspects of electrochemistry using the attoliter oil droplet and offers complementary analytical techniques for analyzing discrete collision events, size distribution of emulsion systems, and individual droplet electroactivity.
The Effect of Gentamicin-Induced Readthrough on a Novel Premature Termination Codon of CD18 Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Patients (2010)

A novel nonsense mutation in the CD18 gene causing a complete absence of CD18 protein and severe LAD1 clinical phenotype is reported. Both in vivo and in vitro treatments with gentamicin resulted in the expression of a corrected full-length dysfunctional or mislocalized CD18 protein. However, while the use of gentamicin increased the expression of CD18, it did not improve leukocyte adhesion and chemotaxis. Moreover, the integrity of the CD18/CD11 complex at the cell surface was impaired, due to abnormal CD18 protein and possibly lack of CD11a expression.
A LoC Ion Imaging Platform for Spatio-Temporal Characterisation of Ion-Selective Membranes (2022)

In this paper, a complete Lab-on-Chip (LoC) ion imaging platform for analysing Ion-Selective Membranes (ISM) using CMOS ISFET arrays is presented. An array of 128 × 128 ISFET pixels is employed with each pixel featuring 4 transistors to bias the ISFET to a common drain amplifier. Column-level 2-step readout circuits are designed to compensate for array offset variations in a range of up to ±1 V. The chemical signal associated with a change in ionic concentration is stored and fed back to a programmable gain instrumentation amplifier for compensation and signal amplification through a global system feedback loop. This column-parallel signal pipeline also integrates an 8-bit single slope ADC and an 8-bit R-2R DAC to quantise the processed pixel output. Designed and fabricated in the TSMC 180 nm BCD process, the System-on-Chip (SoC) operates in real time with a maximum frame rate of 1000 fps, whilst occupying a silicon area of 2.3 mm × 4.5 mm. The readout platform features a high-speed digital system to perform system-level feedback compensation with a USB 3.0 interface for data streaming. With this platform we show the first reported analysis and characterisation of ISMs using an ISFETs array through capturing real-time high-speed spatio-temporal information at a resolution of 16 μm in 1000 fps, extracting time-response and sensitivity. This work paves the way of understanding the electrochemical response of ISMs, which are widely used in various biomedical applications.
Interannual variability in tropospheric nitrous oxide (2013)

Abstract Observations of tropospheric N 2 O mixing ratio show significant variability on interannual timescales (0.2 ppb, 1 standard deviation). We found that interannual variability in N 2 O is weakly correlated with that in CFC‐12 and SF 6 for the northern extratropics and more strongly correlated for the southern extratropics, suggesting that interannual variability in all these species is influenced by large‐scale atmospheric circulation changes and, for SF 6 in particular, interhemispheric transport. N 2 O interannual variability was not, however, correlated with polar lower stratospheric temperature, which is used as a proxy for stratosphere‐to‐troposphere transport in the extratropics. This suggests that stratosphere‐to‐troposphere transport is not a dominant factor in year‐to‐year variations in N 2 O growth rate. Instead, we found strong correlations of N 2 O interannual variability with the Multivariate ENSO Index. The climate variables, precipitation, soil moisture, and temperature were also found to be significantly correlated with N 2 O interannual variability, suggesting that climate‐driven changes in soil N 2 O flux may be important for variations in N 2 O growth rate.
Reactive Oxygen Species Regulation of Autophagy in Skeletal Muscles (2013)

Mitochondrial-derived ROS promote skeletal muscle autophagy and this effect is mediated, in part, through activation of AMPK and inhibition of AKT.
Synthesis and electrochemical properties of Li(Fe<sub>0.5</sub>Co<sub>0.5</sub>)BO<sub>3</sub> (2015)

A new borate compound LiFe<sub>0.5</sub>Co<sub>0.5</sub>BO<sub>3</sub> has been successfully synthesized for the first time by a multiple-step process. This compound delivers a very interesting first discharge capacity of 120 mA h g<sup>−1</sup> at C/20 rate without <italic>in situ</italic> carbon coating.
Evaluation of a pilot plant for removal of nitrate from groundwater using ion exchange and recycled regenerant (2017)

A combined system of ion exchange (IX) and advanced biophysical treatment of a recirculating regenerant was tested for nitrate removal from groundwater with minimal brine discharge and chloride addition to the product water. Using well water containing 21.5 ± 1.4 mg NO3−-N/L, optimal IX operation was found at a service cycle of 500 bed volumes (BV). Product water nitrate concentrations (7.4 ± 1.4 mg/L as N) met regulations while minimizing both Cl− addition to the treated water (1.03 meq Cl− added per meq NO3−-N removed) and waste brine production (0.2% of the water volume treated). The total organic carbon in the product water was slightly higher (1.5 ± 0.5 vs. 1.3 ± 0.4 mg/L) than the well water and before disinfection the bacterial count was 10–700 cfu/ml. Brine used to regenerate the IX columns was treated first in a sequential batch reactor (SBR) for biological denitrification followed by ozonation for polishing. The SBR was operated at 8 hour cycles and achieved complete nitrate removal. An ozone dose of 3 to 5 mg/L brine allowed for efficient recycling of the denitrified regenerant by removing suspended solids by foam fractionation. In spite of the low brine blow-down, DOC in the recycled regenerant brine after a year of continuous operation was maintained at relatively low levels of 61.0 ± 11.6 mg/L.
Association Between Non-Iron-Deficient Anemia and Insomnia Symptoms in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (2017)

Results suggest that individuals with non-iron-deficient anemia are more likely to experience insomnia symptoms than those who are nonanemic. These results may have implications for insomnia treatment or the identification of underlying frailty in individuals with sleep problems.
Estimating hemispherical scatter from incident plane measurements of isotropic samples (2012)

In the mid-1970’s it became apparent that incident plane scatter data could be represented by simple two or three parameter expressions. This realization made possible the generation of stray light estimation codes which are used on everything from military weapons, to telescopes, to car headlights to flat panel display systems. Almost all of these applications estimate hemispherical scatter from incident plane measurements. For most of these applications estimates that are good to within a factor of three - or even an order of magnitude - are acceptable and can result in dramatic product improvements. This paper takes a closer look at how the out-of-incident-plane estimates are made and evaluates how accurate the process is for the case of optically rough isotropic surfaces. The estimating process is reviewed and estimates are compared to hemispherical scatter measurements. It will be shown how the empirical observations that led to the procedures now widely used can be understood using well-known scatter models that link the surface roughness and scattering properties.
Thromom Promotion of Isometric Contraction in Fibroblasts (1995)

Isometric force generated by fibroblasts plays an essential role in tissue contraction during normal wound healing and pathologic contractures. Thrombin, a serine protease present in all wounds, has been shown to promote wound healing. The purpose of this study was to determine the extracellular mechanism by which thrombin promotes isometric contraction by fibroblasts in an in vitro collagen lattice model of tissue contraction. The amount of isometric force generated by human fibroblasts can be measured directly with a stabilized collagen lattice attached to a force transducer. Thrombin promoted isometric contraction by human fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, thrombin-promoted isometric contraction is dependent on the enzymatic and anionic binding activity of thrombin, as demonstrated by inhibition with specific enzymatic and anionic binding inhibitors. These results suggest that thrombin may promote isometric contraction by fibroblasts through the enzymatic cleavage of its cell surface receptor, resulting in a new amino terminus that serves as a "tethered ligand" to activate the receptor directly. To test this mechanism of action, a synthetic peptide (SFLLRN) representing the "tethered ligand" region of the activated thrombin receptor was synthesized and examined for its ability to promote isometric contraction by fibroblasts. This peptide promoted fibroblast contraction in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, a control isomer peptide (FSLLRN), in which the two amino-terminal amino acids were reversed, failed to promote this response. These findings demonstrate that human alpha-thrombin promotes isometric contraction by human fibroblasts and that binding to and cleavage of its cell surface receptor are integral to this response.