gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shear-wave velocity versus depth in marine sediments; a review (1976)

Abstract The objectives of this paper are to review and study selected measurements of the velocity of shear waves at various depths in some principal types of unlithified, water-saturated sediments, and to discuss probable variations of shear velocity as a function of pressure and depth in the sea floor. Because of the lack of data for the full range of marine sediments, data from measurements on land were used, and the study was confined to the two 'end-member' sediment types (sand and silt-clays) and turbidites.The shear velocity data in sands included 29 selected in-situ measurements at depths to 12 m. The regression equation for these data is: V s = 128D (super 0.28) , where V s is shear-wave velocity in m/sec, and D is depth in meters. The data from field and laboratory studies indicate that shear-wave velocity is proportional to the 1/3 to 1/6 power of pressure or depth in sands; that the 1/6 power is not reached until very high pressures are applied; and that in most sand bodies the velocity of shear waves is proportional to the 3/10 to 1/4 power of depth or pressure. The use of a depth exponent of 0.25 is recommended for prediction of shear velocity versus depth in sands.The shear velocity data in silt-clays and turbidites include 47 selected in-situ measurements at depths to 650 m. Three linear equations are used to characterize the data. The equation for the 0 to 40 m interval (V s = 116 + 4.65D) indicates the gradient (4.65 sec (super -1) ) to be 4 to 5 times greater than is the compressional velocity gradient in this interval in comparable sediments. At deeper depths, shear velocity gradients are 1.28 sec (super -1) from 40 to 120 m, and 0.58 sec (super -1) from 120 to 650 m. These deeper gradients are comparable to those of compressional wave velocities. These shear velocity gradients can be used as a basis for predicting shear velocity versus depth.
Ru‐Catalyzed Oxidations with Iodosylbenzene Derivatives. Substituent Effects on Selectivity in Oxidation of Sulfides and Alcohols (1983)

Abstract Oxidation of sulfides with PhIO/RuCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 3 leads to sulfones. Electronwithdrawing substituents in the aromatic ring of PhIO reduce the reactivity and improves selectivity of the system. Thus, with m ‐iodosylbenzoic acid sulfides are converted to sulfoxide. Under the same conditions aliphatic primary alcohols are transformed to aldehydes with m ‐iodosylbenzoic acid, while PhIO affords carboxylic acids.
Plasma membrane Na(+)-H+ antiporter and H(+)-ATPase in the medullary thick ascending limb of rat kidney (1992)

To characterize H+ transport mechanisms in a fresh suspension of rat medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL) tubules, we have monitored intracellular pH (pHi) with use of the fluorescent probe 2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5,6-carboxyfluorescein. First, a Na(+)-H+ antiporter was identified in bicarbonate-free N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES)-buffered media at 25 degrees C. pHi recovery of Na-depleted acidified cells was dependent on extracellular sodium concentration, which was inhibited by amiloride in a manner consistent with simple competitive interaction with one external transport site (amiloride Ki = 1.5-2.1 x 10(-5) M); Na-induced pHi recovery of acidified cells was electroneutral since it was not affected by 5 or 100 mM extracellular potassium in the presence or absence of valinomycin. Second, at 37 degrees C, pHi recovery after acute intracellular acidification caused by 40 mM acetate addition to cell suspension was inhibited 36% by 200-400 nM bafilomycin A1, a macrolide antibiotic that specifically inhibits vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase at submicromolar concentrations. In addition, amiloride-insensitive pHi recovery was inhibited by bafilomycin A1, 10(-3) M N-ethylmaleimide, and 10(-4) M preactivated omeprazole but not by 10(-5) M vanadate, 10(-4) M SCH 28080, or removal of extracellular potassium. Also, metabolic inhibition by absence of substrate, 10(-4) M KCN, or 5 x 10(-4) M iodoacetic acid inhibited amiloride-insensitive pHi recovery. The inhibitory effects of absence of metabolic substrate and iodoacetic acid were removed by reexposure to glucose and L-leucine and by exogenous ATP, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A New Subspecies of Simocephalus latirostris (2002)

This paper records Simocephalus latirostris fujianensis ssp. nov., a new subspecies of Simocephalus, Daphniidae, Cladocera of Fujian, China. This new subspecies differs from Simocephalus heilongjiangensis Shi et Shi 1994 in that the former^s eye is not close to its headtop and its valves have a reticulated form, which are not quite clear. The new subspecies differs from Simocephalus latirostris Stingelin 1906 in that the length of the latter^s antennule is equal to or shorter than its rostrum and the posterior mangin of its back is not protruding and there are no spines on it.
Some New Aspects of Germanate and Fluoride Phosphors* (1947)

By crystallizing with excess magnesium oxide the photo-luminescent efficiency of manganese-activated magnesium orthogermanate has been increased 500 percent. The emission spectra of these materials extend from 6100A to 6700A, and exhibit a unique fine structure consisting of four bands about 50A wide and having peaks approximately 90A apart. Small changes in composition leave the positions of the emission peaks invariant but greatly change the relative intensities of the peaks. This fine structure offers a valuable key to determining the optical transitions involved in the luminescence of manganese-activated phosphors. Manganese-activated zinc-magnesium fluoride phosphors exhibit under cathode-ray excitation the longest trulyexponential afterglow of any efficient known luminescent material. Crystallization of these phosphors under 100 atmospheres of hydrogen fluoride does not greatly alter their luminescent characteristics. Fluoride phosphors, particularly manganese-activated zinc fluoride, possess the unique feature among luminescent materials of being capable of evaporation and condensation in a vacuum to form thin uniform transparent layers without unduly affecting the luminescent efficiency.
Labile type-specific antigen of Moraxella catarrhalis (1990)

By using hot acid extract and double-diffusion studies, an antigen isolated from clinical strains of Moraxella catarrhalis, designated the C antigen, was studied. The antigen is labile, relatively trypsin insensitive, and either polysaccharide or glycoconjugate in nature. At least two serologically distinct C antigens have been identified.
Microalloy transistor (1958)

The microalloy transistor is fabricated by jet electrochemical techniques. It differs from the surface-barrier transistor (sbt) in that extremely shallow alloy contacts replace the surface-barrier contacts. The microalloy contacts are accomplished in a few seconds at a low alloy temperature by a fabrication technique which is described herein. The high-injection efficiency of the resulting contact makes possible increased efficiency of high-frequency transistors. This paper reviews the microalloying process in its application to both homogeneous and graded-base transistors and analyzes mathematically the microalloy emitter region.
The preparation of some thiochroman-3-ones and derivatives (1982)

The use of 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]thiophene-2,3-dione as a source of 2-mercaptophenylacetic acid permits a convenient preparation of 2-carboxymethylthiophenylacetic acid or derivatives. These undergo a Dieckmann cyclization to 3-acetoxybenzothiopyrans, which may be hydrolysed to thiochroman-3-ones. The further reactions of some of these are described.
ATR-FT/IR Study on the Interactions between Gliadins and Dextrin and Their Effects on Protein Secondary Structure (2005)

The effects of heat treatment and dextrin addition on the secondary structure of gliadins were investigated by means of attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FT/IR). Gliadins and gliadin/dextrin mixtures (before and after thermal treatment) were prepared as a dried protein film on the ATR-FT/IR zinc selenide cell plate and equilibrated at a water activity (a(w)) of 0.06. The results show that gliadins undergo conformational changes upon thermal treatment both in the absence and in the presence of dextrin. In particular, in the thermally treated gliadins, the decrease of the band at around 1651 cm(-)(1) and the increase of the bands at around 1628 and 1690 cm(-)(1) suggest a loss of alpha-helix structure and a higher content of protein aggregates. The same trend was observed in the presence of dextrin. Concerning the interactions between gliadins and dextrin, gliadin/dextrin mixtures show variations in the amide I region compared to native gliadins (e.g., an increase of the band at 1645 cm(-)(1) and the absence of the band at around 1668 cm(-)(1)) that might be due to hydrogen bond formation between gliadins and dextrin. It was also found that the spectrum of gliadin/dextrin mixtures was less affected by the hydration state than that of native gliadins, as observed from the differential spectra obtained by subtraction of the spectrum obtained at a(w) = 0.06 (driest condition tested) from the spectrum of the sample equilibrated at a(w) = 0.84. This could be due to the fact that C=O and N-H groups of gliadins are engaged to form hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups of dextrin, and so they are not perturbed by the presence of water molecules. Finally, water activity effects on the secondary structure of gliadins are also discussed.
Nasal airflow dynamics: mechanisms and responses associated with an external nasal dilator strip (2000)

The adhesive external nasal dilator strip (ENDS) is widely advocated for prevention of snoring and promotion of nasal breathing during exercise. In the present study, the effects of the ENDS on nasal airflow resistance (Rn) in normal subjects were examined and factors determining individual responses to the ENDS explored. Using posterior rhinomanometry, 20 healthy Caucasian adults (10 males, 10 females; age: 18-56 yrs) were studied during quiet tidal breathing and voluntary hyperpnoea with (ENDS) and without (control) ENDS and with a placebo strip (placebo) before and after application of a topical nasal decongestant (oxymetazoline hydrochloride). During tidal breathing, only nine subjects showed a significantly (p<0.05) decreased inspiratory and/or expiratory Rn with the ENDS ("responders"). During the control, inspiratory Rn (at 0.4 L x s(-1)) was higher in "responders" than "nonresponders" (3.28+/-0.16 versus 2.60+/-0.08 cmH2O x L(-1) x s; p=0.04). The effects of nasal decongestant and the ENDS were additive. During voluntary hyperpnoea, inspiratory Rn (at 1.0 L x s(-1)) and the hysteresis of the inspiratory transnasal pressure/flow curve were decreased with the ENDS in most subjects. It is concluded that the external nasal dilator strip influences nasal airflow dynamics by both dilation of the nasal valve and stabilization of the lateral nasal vestibule walls and may be more effective in subjects with a high resting nasal airflow resistance.
Jitter induced voltage noise in clock channels (2014)

Effects of transmit jitter on lossy clock channel are analyzed analytically by treating the 1010 input clock signal as a sinusoidal wave with a phase modulation that represents jitter. Jitter-to-amplitude-modulation transfer functions are derived for sinusoidal jitter and random jitter in terms of the signal transfer function or S-parameters. Input jitter is shown to induce amplitude modulation in the output signal as a result of channel dispersion, leading to voltage noise at the channel output. RJ induced voltage noise is found to scale uniquely with channel loss. To verify the theory, numerical simulations are performed on channels with different losses and at various data rates. The input clock signal is represented with a square wave, and the output signal is calculated by linear superposition of the channel step response. Theoretical and simulation results are found to be in excellent agreement.
The peripheral antinociceptive effect induced by morphine is associated with ATP‐sensitive K<sup>+</sup> channels (2000)

The effect of several K(+) channel blockers such as glibenclamide, tolbutamide, charybdotoxin (ChTX), apamin, tetraethylammonium (TEA), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and cesium on the peripheral antinociceptive effect of morphine was evaluated by the paw pressure test in Wistar rats. The intraplantar administration of a carrageenan suspension (250 microg) resulted in an acute inflammatory response and a decreased threshold to noxious pressure. Morphine administered locally into the paw (25, 50, 100 and 200 microg) elicited a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect which was demonstrated to be mediated by a peripheral site up to the 100 microg dose. The selective blockers of ATP-sensitive K(+) channels glibenclamide (20, 40 and 80 microg paw(-1)) and tolbutamide (40, 80 and 160 microg paw(-1)) antagonized the peripheral antinociception induced by morphine (100 microg paw(-1)). This effect was unaffected by ChTX (0. 5, 1.0 and 2.0 microg paw(-1)), a large conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel blocker, or by apamin (2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 microg paw(-1)), a selective blocker of a small conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel. Intraplantar administration of the non-specific K(+) channel blockers TEA (160, 320 and 640 microg), 4-AP (10, 50 and 100 microg) and cesium (125, 250 and 500 microg) also did not modify the peripheral antinociceptive effect of morphine. These results suggest that the peripheral antinociceptive effect of morphine may result from activation of ATP-sensitive K(+) channels, which may cause a hyperpolarization of peripheral terminals of primary afferents, leading to a decrease in action potential generation. In contrast, large conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels, small conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels as well as voltage-dependent K(+) channels appear not to be involved in this transduction pathway. British Journal of Pharmacology (2000) 129, 110 - 114
Understanding Faceted Search from Data Science and Human Factor Perspectives (2019)

Faceted search has become a common feature on most search interfaces in e-commerce websites, digital libraries, government’s open information portals, and so on. Beyond the existing studies on developing algorithms for faceted search and empirical studies on facet usage, this study investigated user real-time interactions with facets over the course of a search from both data science and human factor perspectives. It adopted a Random Forest (RF) model to successfully predict facet use using search dynamic variables. In addition, the RF model provided a ranking of variables by their predictive power, which suggests that the search process follows rhythmic flow of a sequence within which facet addition is mostly influenced by its immediately preceding action. In the follow-up user study, we found that participants used facets at critical points from the beginning to end of search sessions. Participants used facets for distinctive reasons at different stages. They also used facets implicitly without applying the facets to their search. Most participants liked the faceted search, although a few participants were concerned about the choice overload introduced by facets. The results of this research can be used to understand information seekers and propose or refine a set of practical design guidelines for faceted search.
Rat hippocampal neurons in culture: responses to electrical and chemical stimuli (1983)

Intracellular activity was recorded from dissociated rat hippocampal neurons maintained in tissue culture conditions for 4-6 wk. The cells developed dense interconnections and had typical morphological characteristics similar to hippocampal neurons in situ. The recorded neurons possessed similar electrophysiological properties to those observed in situ or in a slice preparation. Their input resistance (42 M omega), resting membrane potential (-60 mV), membrane time constant (16.2 ms), total electrotonic length (0.92), and spike size (68.3 mV) were similar to values obtained in hippocampal cells in a slice. The connections among adjacent neurons were largely inhibitory. The inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) had longer durations than excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) when these were detected. Synaptic delay varied between 0.3 and 3.0 ms. There were no electrotonic connections among neurons. Reciprocal connections were common. Most neurons reacted to acetylcholine (ACh) by an increase in frequency of spontaneous EPSPs, action-potential discharges, and IPSPs. Concurrently, there was a marked reduction in the magnitude of the evoked PSPs tested in pairs of cells. This effect is probably presynaptic to the recorded neurons. A statistical analysis of quantal properties of the synaptic interactions among neurons revealed that ACh causes a reduction of magnitude of PSPs by reducing the number of releasing elements (m). This effect is different from the reduction of evoked PSPs caused by postsynaptic depolarization.
Corridors for Wildlife (1996)

Article MetricsDownloadsCitationsNo data available.01JulAugSepOctNovDec40Total6 Months12 MonthsTotal number of downloads for the most recent 6 whole calendar months.
Reliability of a capacitance manometer in the range 2×10−4−5×10−6 Torr (1975)

A capacitance manometer has been tested and compared to the method of volumetric pressure division using helium as a working gas in the range 2×10−4−5×10−6 Torr. The results show that the unit tested was linear to the lowest pressures utilized, and the two methods were in agreement to about 0.6% plus 4×10−7 Torr, in addition to the errors introduced by the least count of the capacitance manometer’s digital readout. Argon and air gave similar results.
Regulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteogenic Differentiation by Glucocorticoid-induced Leucine Zipper (GILZ) (2007)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into multiple cell lineages, including osteoblasts and adipocytes. We reported previously that glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) inhibits peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-2 (Ppargamma2) expression and blocks adipocyte differentiation. Here we show that overexpression of GILZ in mouse MSCs, but not MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts, increases alkaline phosphatase activity and enhances mineralized bone nodule formation, whereas knockdown of Gilz reduces MSC osteogenic differentiation capacity. Consistent with these observations, real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis showed that both basal and differentiation-induced transcripts of the lineage commitment gene Runx2/Cbfa1, as well as osteoblast differentiation marker genes including alkaline phosphatase, type I collagen, and osteocalcin, were all increased in GILZ-expressing cells. In contrast, the mRNA levels of adipogenic Ppargamma2 and C/ebpalpha were significantly reduced in GILZ-expressing cells under both osteogenic and adipogenic conditions. Together, our results demonstrate that GILZ functions as a modulator of MSCs and that overexpression of GILZ shifts the balance between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of MSCs toward the osteogenic pathway. These data suggest that GILZ may have therapeutic value for stem cell-based therapies of metabolic bone diseases, such as fracture repair.
Rapid Determination of <i>Salmonella</i> in Samples of Egg Noodles, Cake Mixes, and Candies (1969)

A glass apparatus system was compared with a standard enrichment broth-selective agar method to test samples of egg noodles, cake mixes, and candy for the presence or absence of salmonellae. The glass apparatus system used fermentation of mannitol, production of H(2)S, or motility, in conjunction with a serological test of flagellar antigens, to detect salmonellae. No salmonellae were detected in 173 samples of food products. Of these samples, 171 were found to be Salmonella-negative after 48 hr with the glass apparatus system. After 72 hr, the standard Salmonella procedure yielded 38 samples which produced Salmonella false-positive results on selective agars. Inoculation of samples with cultures of Salmonella showed that approximately one inoculated cell could be detected after 48 hr of incubation with the glass apparatus. The standard Salmonella test requires a minimum of 72 hr for completion. Compared with the standard Salmonella test, the glass apparatus system is a more rapid and simple system that can be used to determine the presence or absence of Salmonella in these food products.
Adaptive route guidance based on real-time information in stochastic time-dependent transportation networks (2014)

Owing to time-varying and stochastic properties of transportation networks, modeling transportation networks as stochastic time-dependent (STD) graphs has became a trend. In this paper, by applying multi-lognormal distribution, we develop a mathematical framework that can incorporate the concept of real-time information into the discussion of adaptive route guidance in STD networks.We address some basic aspects about adaptive route guidance based on real-time information in STD networks, such as definition of real-time information, impact of real-time information and spatial-temporal Markov property and so on. Based on least mean-square estimation method, we propose two time-adaptive decision rules with consideration of real-time information. Simulation results on an artificial STD network are given and the effectiveness of our algorithms is verified. At last, some basic conclusions are also validated and the future work is discussed.
Proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies of protonated cyclopentadithiophenones and cyclopentadithiophens (1976)

The 1H n.m.r. spectra of protonated fluorenone, cyclopentadithiophenones (FSO3H–SbF5–SO2 at –60°), and cyclopentadithiophens (CF3CO2H at –15°) are discussed. Di- and mono (carbonyl)-protonation occurred. Cyclopenta[1, 2-c : 3, 4-c′]dithiophen-7-one and fluorenone are found to be protonated first at the carbonyl group. PPP Calculations show that carbonyl protonated ketones having a cyclopentadiene carbocyclic ring are energetically less favourable than those having a cyclopentane or cyclopentene carbocyclic ring. From the values of the chemical shift of the OH protons it is concluded that the C–O bond remains largely a double bond. Three cyclopentadithiophens are easily protonated in CF3CO2H at –15° at corresponding positions in the b-annulated thiophen ring. The absorption frequencies in the electronic absorption spectra of these protonated cyclopentadithiophens are in good agreement with transition energies calculated by PPP methods.
Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder (2011)

Adhesive capsulitis is characterized by painful, gradual loss of active and passive shoulder motion resulting from fibrosis and contracture of the joint capsule. Other shoulder pathology can produce a similar clinical picture, however, and must be considered. Management is based on the underlying cause of pain and stiffness, and determination of the etiology is essential. Subtle clues in the history and physical examination can help differentiate adhesive capsulitis from other conditions that cause a stiff, painful shoulder. The natural history of adhesive capsulitis is a matter of controversy. Management of true capsular restriction of motion (ie, true adhesive capsulitis) begins with gentle, progressive stretching exercises. Most patients improve with nonsurgical treatment. Indications for surgery should be individualized. Failure to obtain symptomatic improvement and continued functional disability following ≥6 months of physical therapy is a general guideline for surgical intervention. Diligent postoperative therapy to maintain motion is required to minimize recurrence of adhesive capsulitis.