gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of Antibacterial Activity of Chitin and Chemically Treated Chitosan Prepared from Shrimp (Macrobrachium Rosenbergii) Shell Waste (2013)

The antibacterial activity of chemically deacetylated chitin i.e. chitosan produced from shrimp shell. The antibacterial activity was tested against gram negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria, and gram positive (staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. To test the antibacterial activity institute of clinical laboratory standards (ICLS) approved dilution methods was used. The study was carried out by broth dilution method and used turbidity estimations to determine the growth characteristics of a bacterial culture with or without chitin or chitosan. Chitosan possess higher antibacterial activity against both types of bacteria, while chitin possess very lower activity. For staphylococcus aureus the average absorbance in every O.D value measured, staphylococcus aureus with chitin showed far higher absorbance than chitosan, indicates lower level of activity of chitin. After 32 hours of incubation s.aureus with medium absorbance was 1.15, while chitosan with s.aureus absorbance recorded 0.32, chitin with s.aureus recorded 0.733. Lower absorbance for chitosan containing E.Coli medium. At the peak point Medium and E.coli absorbance was 1.07, while chitosan with E.coli recorded 0.282 and chitin with E.coli absorbance was found 0.831. The ratio between medium E.coli and chitosan: medium and E.coli=0.26:1, and the ratio of medium S.aureus and chitosan : medium and S.aureus = 0.28:1, indicates G (+Ve) bacteria gives 0.02 times higher absorbance than G (-Ve) bacteria. The between chitin and chitosan, chitosan was found 2.2 times more active than chitin against S.aureus and 3.0 times more active than chitin against E.coli.
The Query Expansion Method Based on Semantic Skeleton (2009)

The query method most commonly used is keywords query. The recall of document can be greatly improved through the expansion of synonymy, near-synonymy and hyponymy of keywords, but the precision may not always rise even to decline. In order to improve the precision, the mode of query expansion based on semantic skeleton must be used. Through analyzing the sentences, which are the components of basic semantic unit, this paper points out that the important factor to express the basic semantic meaning of the sentence is the basic components of sentence, which form the semantic skeleton of sentence. When users input their search requirements by query clause interface, the system can obtain their semantic skeleton, and obtain the documents desired by users through the match operation between the query document sentences and the semantic skeleton.
Kassite from the Diamond Jo quarry, Magnet Cove, Hot Spring County, Arkansas: The problem of cafetite and kassite (1986)

Small (<0.5 mm), brownish-pink platy rosettes and yellow spherules, in cavities in nepheline syenite at the Diamond Jo quarry, Magnet Cove, Hot Spring County, Arkansas, have been identified as kassite, CaTirOo(OH)r, a mineral previously known only from the Kola Peninsula, USSR. The Magnet Cove kassite is orthorhombic, in space grotp Ammm, A2mm, A222, or A2,22, with unit-cell parameters a: 12.10, b -- 31.65, c : 4.95 A, and Z: 16; d**: 3.28 g/cm3. Principal X-ray powder lines [d in A, 141 are 7.85(10), 3.26(7), 2.565(7),1.910(8), 1.898(6). The X-ray powder and single-crystal data and density correspond to those reported by earlier workers for cafetite, (Ca,Mg)(Fe,Al)2Ti4Or2'4H2O, from Kola, but the chemical and physical properties correspond to those given in their description of kassite. These earlier workers may have intermixed samples during their Xray study ofkassite and cafetite.
Cortical plasticity in the first year after cochlear implantation (2008)

This study aimed to investigate changes in auditory and visual cortical activity over the first year following cochlear implantation using (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Subjects underwent scanning prior to the initial implant activation (control), after one to two months of implant use (early activation) and after one year of implant use (late activation). All subjects had activation of the auditory cortices. Group analysis using Statistical Parametric Mapping package SPM99 showed these became more focused over the first year of implant use. There was no evidence of left hemispheric dominance at any stage post implantation.Visual cortical activations were highly variable between patients and did not increase significantly between early and late activations. Taken together, our results lead us to suggest that the neural processes that occur during the first year of auditory rehabilitation following cochlear implantation vary between individuals to a greater extent than previously reported.
Introduction (2011)

International trade law, international environmental law and the law of the sea have been conceived and developed, for the most part, independently. States have agreed to the progressive multilateral liberalisation of trade through the auspices of the GATT, later the World Trade Organization (WTO). They have addressed environmental issues such as the protection of biological diversity through a range of multilateral environmental agreements known collectively as MEAs. The use of ocean resources has been negotiated in various instruments grouped under the ‘law of the sea’, culminating in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and related agreements. Meanwhile, collective action to ensure freedom from hunger has focused on the utilisation of fisheries and marine products as major goals of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Thus have arisen separate ‘regimes’ of laws and institutions.
Self-Assembly of Artificial Sweetener Aspartame Yields Amyloid-like Cytotoxic Nanostructures (2019)

Recent reports have revealed the intrinsic propensity of single aromatic metabolites to undergo self-assembly and form nanostructures of amyloid nature. Hence, identifying whether aspartame, a universally consumed artificial sweetener, is inherently aggregation prone becomes an important area of investigation. Although the reports on aspartame-linked side effects describe a multitude of metabolic disorders, the mechanistic understanding of such destructive effects is largely mysterious. Since aromaticity, an aggregation-promoting factor, is intrinsic to aspartame's chemistry, it is important to know whether aspartame can undergo self-association and if such a property can predispose any cytotoxicity to biological systems. Our study finds that aspartame molecules, under mimicked physiological conditions, undergo a spontaneous self-assembly process yielding regular β-sheet-like cytotoxic nanofibrils of amyloid nature. The resultant aspartame fibrils were found to trigger amyloid cross-seeding and become a toxic aggregation trap for globular proteins, Aβ peptides, and aromatic metabolites that convert native structures to β-sheet-like fibrils. Aspartame fibrils were also found to induce hemolysis, causing DNA damage resulting in both apoptosis and necrosis-mediated cell death. Specific spatial arrangement between aspartame molecules is predicted to form a regular amyloid-like architecture with a sticky exterior that is capable of promoting viable H-bonds, electrostatic interactions, and hydrophobic contacts with biomolecules, leading to the onset of protein aggregation and cell death. Results reveal that the aspartame molecule is inherently amyloidogenic, and the self-assembly of aspartame becomes a toxic trap for proteins and cells, exposing the bitter side of such a ubiquitously used artificial sweetener.
Preliminary Screening — Technical and Economic Assessment of Synthesis Gas to Fuels and Chemicals with Emphasis on the Potential for Biomass-Derived Syngas (2003)

This report reviews the many syngas to products processes and summarizes the technology status and description, chemistry, catalysts, reactors, gas cleanliness requirements, process and environmental performances, and economics.
A NEW PAMPHILA (1885)

Pamphila myus , n. sp. Male.—Expanse .95 of an inch. Upper surface dark olivaceous brown, with a slight vinous reflection, about the same shade as cernes , which it much resembles. The primaries have the discal cell and the area in front of the cell like cernes , heavily washed with yellow of a little darker shade than that species, the same color ectending beyond the cell along the costal area three fourths the distance from the base to the outer margin (as the wings are spread); below the cell the same shade of yellow extends along the median vein the same distance, the area below this to the margin rather heavily sprinkled with yellow scales, except the space beyond the lower half of the stigma. This varies but little from the yellow of cernes . In cernes there is a quadrate sinus of the terminal dark brown of the wing dipping into the yellow beyond the cell, coming up to the cross vein. In this species the sinus is of the same width, but extends inward above the median vein, ending in a point half way to the base of the wing. The stigma is black, narrow, oblique, entire, though constricted below the middle, shorter than in cernes , does not reach the submedian below, and the upper end only reaches the second branch of the median, while in cernes it passes beyond this veinule, the lower third bent a little towards the base, in width not more than half as wide as in cernes ; below the stigma an oblong patch of blackish scales that are bronzy in certain lights. Secondaries sprinkled with yellow scales, the inner half with yellowish hairs that are less olivaceous than in cernes .
Multiresolution Approaches for Edge Detection and Classification Based on Discrete Wavelet Transform (2011)

Multiresolution Approaches for Edge Detection and Classification Based on Discrete Wavelet Transform
Total arrest of spontaneous and evoked synaptic transmission but normal synaptogenesis in the absence of Munc13-mediated vesicle priming (2002)

Synaptic vesicles must be primed to fusion competence before they can fuse with the plasma membrane in response to increased intracellular Ca2+ levels. The presynaptic active zone protein Munc13-1 is essential for priming of glutamatergic synaptic vesicles in hippocampal neurons. However, a small subpopulation of synapses in any given glutamatergic nerve cell as well as all gamma-aminobutyratergic (GABAergic) synapses are largely independent of Munc13-1. We show here that Munc13-2, the only Munc13 isoform coexpressed with Munc13-1 in hippocampus, is responsible for vesicle priming in Munc13-1 independent hippocampal synapses. Neurons lacking both Munc13-1 and Munc13-2 show neither evoked nor spontaneous release events, yet form normal numbers of synapses with typical ultrastructural features. Thus, the two Munc13 isoforms are completely redundant in GABAergic cells whereas glutamatergic neurons form two types of synapses, one of which is solely Munc13-1 dependent and lacks Munc13-2 whereas the other type employs Munc13-2 as priming factor. We conclude that Munc13-mediated vesicle priming is not a transmitter specific phenomenon but rather a general and essential feature of multiple fast neurotransmitter systems, and that synaptogenesis during development is not dependent on synaptic secretory activity.
Overexpression of normal human p53 in established fibroblasts leads to their tumorigenic conversion. (1989)

Some, but not all, mouse p53 genes are able to cooperate with an activated ras oncogene to transform primary cells. Overexpression of what is presumed to be wild-type murine p53 is sufficient to confer a tumorigenic phenotype on established cell lines. We have investigated the effect of overexpression of normal human p53 genes on the growth and morphology of both primary and established mouse and rat cells. When plasmids containing functional human p53 genes under the control of strong viral promoter/enhancer elements were transfected into NIH3T3 cells or Rat-1 cells, no gross alterations in cell shape or morphology were observed. When stable NIH3T3 transfectants were established by co-transfection of the p53 plasmids with pSV2neo and subsequent selection in medium containing G418, many of the lines generated exhibited altered growth characteristics. While, again, the cells did not form foci above the monolayer and were not capable of growing in soft agar, they showed a reduced dependence on serum for growth, were able to grow to higher saturation densities, and displayed markedly enhanced tumorigenicity when inoculated into nude mice. The expression of human p53 in the transfectants was assessed by immunoblotting with a monoclonal antibody, PAb1801, which is reactive to human but not mouse p53. There was a clear correlation between the extent of p53 overexpression and acquisition of the tumorigenic phenotype. None of nine human p53 constructs was capable of cooperating with an activated ras oncogene to transform primary cells under conditions where a mouse clone, pLTRp53cG, could do so efficiently. None of the human p53 constructs was capable of rescuing primary rat cells from senescence. Taken together, these data show that overproduction of normal human p53 can confer an enhanced tumorigenic phenotype on established fibroblasts and support the idea that mutational activation may be necessary for p53 to express its full oncogenic potential.
Simultaneous Multimode Pressure-Induced Frequency-Shift Measurements in Shock-Compressed Organic Liquid Mixtures by Use of Reflected Broadband Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (1983)

Reflected broadband (multichannel) coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering was used to measure the ring-breathing-mode vibrational frequencies of neat liquid benzene, neat liquid deuterated benzene (benzene-${d}_{6}$), and mixtures of these under shock compression to pressures up to 1.53 GPa. The pressure-induced frequency shifts determined for neat benzene agree with those obtained previously by use of backward stimulated Raman scattering. Evidence for nearest-neighbor effects on the vibrational frequency shifts is presented.
An efficient low complexity encoder for MPEG advanced audio coding (2006)

MPEG advanced audio coding (AAC) is the current state of the art in perceptual audio coding technology standardized by MPEG. Nevertheless the real-time constraint of reference software implementation for the AAC encoder provided by MPEG leads to a heavy computational bottleneck on today's portable devices. In this paper we review briefly the algorithms specified in the MPEG AAC standard and analyze the algorithmic performance. Then we carry out algorithm level optimizations in order to get a low complexity as well as high quality audio encoder that can be easily ported onto multiple platforms. In psychoacoustic model, a MDCT-based psychoacoustic analysis and block switching algorithm in time domain and a tonality detection measure are presented. Moreover, we employ improved pre-processing and adjustment of scale factor in quantization module. Experimental results show the optimized encoder can save about half of overall computational complexity. According to subject evaluation result, the perceptual audio quality of improved encoder is better than the AAC LC reference encoder
[A comparison of their virulence for mice and the enzymatic activity of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains]. (1991)

In most cases no correlation between the virulence of S. pneumoniae and their enzymatic activity was registered in 101 S. pneumoniae strains isolated in pneumococcal infections of different localization. Pneumococcal strains belonging to different serotypes and characterized by their low virulence for mice (LD50 = 10(6) colony-forming units) had the highest neuraminidase and protease-alzolase activity in comparison with highly virulent cultures of these bacteria. In pneumococcal cultures in the R-form avirulence for mice occurred mainly in combination with low enzymatic activity.
Field ionization-field desorption source for nonfragmenting mass spectrometry (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTField ionization-field desorption source for nonfragmenting mass spectrometryMichael. Anbar and Gilbert A. St. JohnCite this: Anal. Chem. 1976, 48, 1, 198–203Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60365a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60365a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views94Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<i>G6PD</i> Mediterranean S188F Codon Mutation Is Common Among Saudi Sickle Cell Patients and Increases the Risk of Stroke (2009)

G6PD Mediterranean S188F codon mutation is common among Saudi sickle cell patients and increases the risk of stroke.
The Effect of Utilization Bentonite and Zeolite in the Broiler Diets on Performance and Fecal Characteristics (2011)

Ninety six commercial strain were conducted from 14 to 42 days of age to evaluate the affect of utilization zeolite and on performance of broiler and fecal characteristics. Birds were divided into four treatment diets (4 replicates of 7 birds each): K (control), KB (K+ 1% bentonite), KZ (K+ 1% zeolite), KBZ (K+ 1% Z+ 1% B). The birds were fed initially for two weeks a commercial starter ration and followed by treatment diets 15 to 42 days of age. All the diets were formulated to have 20% crude protein and 3000 kcal. ME and 0.91% Ca and 0.69% P for control and 0.34% treatments. Body weights and feed intakes were measured on a weekly basis. The manure from each group was sampled on weekly basis and the moisture content, pH and ammonia production was determined. The results showed the utilization zeolite and bentonite or both significant differences (P<0.05) on pH and (P<0.01) fecal ammonia content, but not on feces water content, final body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, and carcass. (Animal Production 3(1): 1-4 (2001)
Effect of Botulinum Toxin Type A on a Rat Surgical Wound Model (2009)

The wounds of the Botox-treated group showed a larger wound size, less infiltration of inflammatory cells and less fibrosis, a much greater amount of collagen and a lower expression of TGF-beta1 than did the control group. Botox might be used to decrease the fibrosis of a surgical wound without damaging the epithelial growth in situations for which decreased fibrosis is necessary, such as for treating laryngeal, tracheal and nasal stenosis.
A duality principle for asymptotic regulator properties (1983)

Abstract The asymptotic behaviour of linear quadratic control as the control weights tend to zero may be described by means of the solution (H matrix) of a factorization equation (Harvey and Stein 1978). In this paper, a duality principle relating the above problem to the stochastic state estimation with noise-free outputs is used to provide a complete calculation of H under weak restrictions. A simple example is presented to illustrate the procedure.
Fibrotic extracellular matrix activates a profibrotic positive feedback loop (2014)

Pathological remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by fibroblasts leads to organ failure. Development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by a progressive fibrotic scarring in the lung that ultimately leads to asphyxiation; however, the cascade of events that promote IPF are not well defined. Here, we examined how the interplay between the ECM and fibroblasts affects both the transcriptome and translatome by culturing primary fibroblasts generated from IPF patient lung tissue or nonfibrotic lung tissue on decellularized lung ECM from either IPF or control patients. Surprisingly, the origin of the ECM had a greater impact on gene expression than did cell origin, and differences in translational control were more prominent than alterations in transcriptional regulation. Strikingly, genes that were translationally activated by IPF-derived ECM were enriched for those encoding ECM proteins detected in IPF tissue. We determined that genes encoding IPF-associated ECM proteins are targets for miR-29, which was downregulated in fibroblasts grown on IPF-derived ECM, and baseline expression of ECM targets could be restored by overexpression of miR-29. Our data support a model in which fibroblasts are activated to pathologically remodel the ECM in IPF via a positive feedback loop between fibroblasts and aberrant ECM. Interrupting this loop may be a strategy for IPF treatment.
Staurosporine: A Prototype of a Novel Class of Inhibitors of Tumor Cell Invasion? (1990)

Journal Article Staurosporine: A Prototype of a Novel Class of Inhibitors of Tumor Cell Invasion? Get access Catherine A. O'Brian, Catherine A. O'Brian Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nancy E. Ward Nancy E. Ward Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 22, 21 November 1990, Pages 1734–1735, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.22.1734 Published: 21 November 1990 Article history Received: 15 October 1990 Accepted: 16 October 1990 Published: 21 November 1990
Absence of thyroid hormone resistance in vitamin D–;resistant new world primates (1994)

New World primates express a form of sterol/steroid resistance resulting from the presence of a 58-60 kDa intracellular protein (IDBP) which competes with nuclear receptor proteins for binding of vitamin D metabolites and sex steroids. As the thyroid hormone receptor is a recognized member of the steroid/retinoid/vitamin D receptor gene superfamily, we sought to confirm previous data describing the existence of thyronine resistance in New World primate species and to determine whether IDBP was capable of binding ligands which confer transcriptional regulatory potential on thyroid hormone-retinoid heterodimeric complexes. Circulating thyroid hormone levels were compared between vitamin D-resistant New World primates and nonresistant Old World primates. Total triiodothyronine (T<sub>3</sub>), free T<sub>3</sub> index, and free thyroxine were not different between New World and Old World primates. Thyroxine was significantly lower (P < 0.03) in New World than in Old World primates. T<sub>3</sub> (1 pM-1μM), 9-cis retinoic acid (100 nM) and all-trans retinoic acid (100 nM) were incapable of displacing 2 nM [<sup>3</sup>H]25-hydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub> from IDBP extracted from B95-8 cells, a B-lymphoblastoid cell line derived from the vitamin D-resistant New World primate Callithrix jacchus. We conclude that the sterol/steroid-resistant state characteristic of many genera of New World primates does not extend to thyroid hormones and that the IDBP responsible for vitamin D resistance does not bind T<sub>3</sub>, 9-cis retinoic acid, and all-trans retinoic acid. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.