gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
INITIAL EVALUATIONS OF METALLURGICAL VARIABLES AS POSSIBLE FACTORS CONTROLLING THE RADIATION SENSITIVITY OF STRUCTURAL STEELS, (1966)

Experimental investigations for the isolation and assessment of metallurgical factors causing variable radiation embrittlement sensitivity of reactor structural steels were undertaken, using both large-tonnage commercial heats and special laboratory heats of steel. Metallurgical variables being evaluated include the identity and quantity of major alloying elements and of residual elements, steel-making practice--both melting (refining) and heat treatment practice, microstructure, and gas content. Experimental results from the initial series of the exploratory screening studies demonstrate that the radiation sensitivity of a steel can be altered appreciably through heat treatment practices and that microstructure plays a dominant, if not the most influential, role in radiation sensitivity development. A tempered martensite structure was noted to be generally less radiation sensitive than tempered upper bainite and ferrite structures. The data also indicate that vacuum melting and the minimization of residual element content yields steels having a superior irradiation performance compared with steels produced by conventional open hearth melting. However, long-term stress relieving heat treatments were not found to alter the irradiation response of A302-B steel. (Author)
Periodic FEC: A Novel Error Control Scheme for Reliable Video Communication (2004)

FEC (Forward Error Correction) is widely used to recover packet loss over the Intemet since it does not involve additional network delay. However, FEC still needs much additional network bandwidth for redundancy, and does not consider the priority or the importance of video frames to generate redundant data. In this paper, we present Periodic FEC (PFEC) to make up for the shortcomings of FEC. PFEC divides frames into high-priority frames and low-priority frames, and gives redundancy only to high-priority frames. As specific examples, we describe two types of PFEC: Media-Independent PFEC and Media-Dependant PFEC. Moreover, based on the two-state continuous time Markov chain, we propose redundancy control algorithms of the PFEC schemes that can adjust the amount of redundancy to optimal levels depending on network loss conditions. For better performance, we also consider UEP (Unequal Error Protection) based on PFEC that gives redundancy to low-priority frames as well as high-priority frames. Experimental results show that compared with FEC, PFEC reduces the amount of redundancy considerably but degrades PSNR slightly, and UEP based on PFEC economizes redundancy without the degradation of the PSNR.
Demand paging through utilization of working sets onr the MANIAC II (1972)

article Free Access Share on Demand paging through utilization of working sets onr the MANIAC II Author: James B. Morris Los Alamos Scientific Lab., Univ. of California, Los Alamos, CA Los Alamos Scientific Lab., Univ. of California, Los Alamos, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 15Issue 10Oct. 1972 pp 867–872https://doi.org/10.1145/355604.361592Published:01 October 1972Publication History 29citation252DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations29Total Downloads252Last 12 Months12Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Electrical Connector for Graphite Heating Elements (1982)

Connection method applies force to two interfaces: that between heating element proper and heating-element support members and between heating-element support members and metal conductor. Inner rod of new connector system is maintained in tension by a spring (for example, Belleville washers). Connection is sufficiently complaint so tension remains within desired range, regardless of thermal expansion and contraction of various elements.
Document representations and clues to document relevance (1998)

Research into the role of document representations in the relevance judgment process has focused on the ability of users to predict the relevance of documents based on various document representations. Conclusions have been stated as to the comparative effectiveness of various document representations, but there has been little exploration into why certain document representations seem to enable users to better predict the relevance of documents. This examination is an attempt to identify the extent to which various document representations contain clues that allow users to determine the presence or absence of traits and/or qualities that determine the relevance of the document to the user's situation. Motivated users discussed their reasons for pursuing or not pursuing documents based on information contained within representations of those documents (i.e., titles, abstracts, indexing terms, etc.). The results are presented as the co-occurrence of respondents' mentions of various traits and/or qualities, and the document representations that led to such responses. It is concluded that document representations may differ in their effectiveness as indicators of potential relevance because different types of document representations vary in their ability to present clues for specific traits and/or qualities. Suggestions for further research are provided.
Mathematical Model of Human Growth Hormone (hGH)-Stimulated Cell Proliferation Explains the Efficacy of hGH Variants as Receptor Agonists or Antagonists (2004)

Human growth hormone (hGH) is a therapeutically important endocrine factor that signals various cell types. Structurally and functionally, the interactions of hGH with its receptor have been resolved in fine detail, such that hGH and hGH receptor variants can be practically engineered by either random or rational approaches to achieve significant changes in the free energies of binding. A somewhat unique feature of hGH action is its homodimerization of two hGH receptors, which is required for intracellular signaling and stimulation of cell proliferation, yet the potencies of hGH mutants in cell-based assays rarely correlate with their overall receptor-binding avidities. Here, a mathematical model of hGH-stimulated cell signaling is posed, accounting not only for binding interactions at the cell surface but induction of receptor endocytosis and downregulation as well. Receptor internalization affects ligand potency by imposing a limit on the lifetime of an active receptor complex, irrespective of ligand-receptor binding properties. The model thus explains, in quantitative terms, the numerous published observations regarding hGH receptor agonism and antagonism and challenges the interpretations of previous studies that have not considered receptor trafficking as a central regulatory mechanism in hGH signaling.
Nonlinear phase shift at 1.55 μm in CW single-pass waveguided cascaded parametric interactions (2003)

Summary form only given. In the search for high speed, low-power, all optical switching devices, the generation of phase shifts through quadratic cascading has emerged as one of the most promising techniques. However, practically all the experiments to date have been based on pulsed second harmonic generation configurations, which does not satisfy the essential demands of a general switching protocol: treatment of low power signals and possibility of signal power independent packet switching, as well as CW or quasi-CW operation. Hutchings et al. have proposed a slightly different scheme based on two non-degenerate difference-frequency generation (DFG) processes where an injected pump beam is used to control the phase of the signal beam of interest, which allows processing very weak signals.
Application of a key generation and distribution algorithm for secure communication in open systems interconnection architecture (2005)

A key generation and distribution algorithm is presented in this paper and shown applied for secure transmission of user data between two peer-layers of an Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model Architecture located at any source and destination end-user host systems. In particular, the algorithm (i) generates and distributes a session key between two peer-layers during Connection Establishment phase, (ii) encrypts and decrypts their user data, present in the Protocol Data Unit, using the same session key during Data Transfer phase, and (iii) after transmitting user data, it destroys the session key during Connection Release phase. For simulation purpose, the algorithm is shown applied between the transport service user and provider, present at the source and destination host systems, for secure transfer of transport service user data to the corresponding remote peer layer using Class 4 Transport Protocol of OSI-RM Architecture.
Modeling and simulation of a terrain aided inertial navigation algorithm for land vehicles (2008)

Sensing the terrain and using it for aiding the inertial navigation system has been widely used in air platforms since the 1960psilas. TERCOM and SITAN are well-known algorithms for sensing the terrain with a radar altimeter and calculating a correction for the navigation states according to a digital elevation map. In the absence of GPS signals, it is extremely important to be able to make positional fixes. In this paper, we developed a simulation environment for a conceptual application of TAN (Terrain Aided Navigation) for land vehicles. Basically, the test platform is always on the ground so we can assume a trivial zero terrain clearance measurement and apply well-known TAN algorithms. With this new idea, an inertial measurement unit (IMU), a digital elevation map and a barometer is sufficient to apply the TAN algorithms in land vehicles. A widely used navigation aid in land navigation, odometer, is also considered in this TAN application. Error models are developed for each sensor and a dynamic model is used to simulate the IMU data of a land vehicle which moves on the terrain surface. A Kalman filter is designed to track navigation states and as a reference, truth model data is used to find the error statistics of the navigation states via Monte Carlo simulations. This paper also discusses the requirements on the accuracy of sensors, the vehicle capability and the resolution of the terrain maps. The vehicle has to be able to move on a land that has characteristic features for a successful application of the TAN algorithms.
Improving Resource Utilization in Heterogeneous CPU-GPU Systems (2013)

Graphics processing units (GPUs) have attracted enormous interest over the past decade due to substantial increases in both performance and programmability. Programmers can potentially leverage GPUs for substantial performance gains, but at the cost of significant software engineering effort. In practice, most GPU applications do not effectively utilize all of the available resources in a system: they either fail to use use a resource at all or use a resource to less than its full potential. This underutilization can hurt both performance and energy efficiency. In this dissertation, we address the underutilization of resources in heterogeneous CPU-GPU systems in three different contexts.
Evaluation of Precision in Optoacoustic Tomography for Preclinical Imaging in Living Subjects (2017)

Optoacoustic tomography (OT) is now widely used in preclinical imaging; however, the precision (repeatability and reproducibility) of OT has yet to be determined. <b>Methods:</b> We used a commercial small-animal OT system. Measurements in stable phantoms were used to independently assess the impact of system variables on precision (using coefficient of variation, COV), including acquisition wavelength, rotational position, and frame averaging. Variables due to animal handling and physiology, such as anatomic placement and anesthesia conditions, were then assessed in healthy nude mice using the left kidney and spleen as reference organs. Temporal variation was assessed by repeated measurements over hours and days both in phantoms and in vivo. Sensitivity to small-molecule dyes was determined in phantoms and in vivo; precision was assessed in vivo using IRDye800CW. <b>Results:</b> OT COV in a stable phantom was less than 2.8% across all wavelengths over 30 d. The factors with the greatest impact on signal repeatability in phantoms were rotational position and user experience, both of which still resulted in a COV of less than 4% at 700 nm. Anatomic region-of-interest size showed the highest variation, at 12% and 18% COV in the kidney and spleen, respectively; however, functional SO<sub>2</sub> measurements based on a standard operating procedure showed an exceptional reproducibility of less than 4% COV. COV for repeated injections of IRDye800CW was 6.6%. Sources of variability for in vivo data included respiration rate, degree of user experience, and animal placement. <b>Conclusion:</b> Data acquired with our small-animal OT system were highly repeatable and reproducible across subjects and over time. Therefore, longitudinal OT studies may be performed with high confidence when our standard operating procedure is followed.
Efficient Heuristics for Placing Large-Scale Distributed Applications on Multiple Clouds (2016)

With the fast growth of the demand for Cloud computing services, the Cloud has become a very popular platform to develop distributed applications. Features that in the past were available only to big corporations, like fast scalability, availability, and reliability, are now accessible to any customer, including individuals and small companies, thanks to Cloud computing. In order to place an application, a designer must choose among VM types, from private and public cloud providers, those that are capable of hosting her application or its parts using as criteria application requirements, VM prices, and VM resources. This procedure becomes more complicated when the objective is to place large component based applications on multiple clouds. In this case, the number of possible configurations explodes making necessary the automation of the placement. In this context, scalability has a central role since the placement problem is a generalization of the NP-Hard multi-dimensional bin packing problem. In this paper we propose efficient greedy heuristics based on first fit decreasing and best fit algorithms, which are capable of computing near optimal solutions for very large applications, with the objective of minimizing costs and meeting application performance requirements. Through a meticulous evaluation, we show that the greedy heuristics took a few seconds to calculate near optimal solutions to placements that would require hours or even days when calculated using state of the art solutions, namely exact algorithms or meta-heuristics.
An Insight into the Selective Conversion of Bamboo Biomass to Ethyl Glycosides (2017)

Selective conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethyl glycosides and other valued chemicals is an important step for biomass utilization. In this paper, directional liquefaction of bamboo biomass into ethyl glucosides and ethyl xylosides with acid in ethanol media was investigated. The ethyl glycoside distribution was found to depend mainly on the temperature and the amount of H2SO4. Under a shorter reaction time of 30 min at a temperature of 180 °C, the maximum yield of ethyl glycoside and its derivatives was 40.86 wt % based on raw materials, with 16.07 wt % ethyl glucosides and 10.11 wt % ethyl xylosides, respectively. Additional studies with glucose and xylose as substrates have been conducted under temperatures of 100–200 °C. Ethyl glucosides (xylosides) isomers were favorable during the directional liquefaction process. The quantification of the separated content of ethyl glucosides and ethyl xylosides provides a new paradigm for the use of biomass as a raw material for renewable energy and chemical industries.
Tree model guided candidate generation for mining frequent subtrees from XML documents (2008)

Due to the inherent flexibilities in both structure and semantics, XML association rules mining faces few challenges, such as: a more complicated hierarchical data structure and ordered data context. Mining frequent patterns from XML documents can be recast as mining frequent tree structures from a database of XML documents. In this study, we model a database of XML documents as a database of rooted labeled ordered subtrees. In particular, we are mainly concerned with mining frequent induced and embedded ordered subtrees. Our main contributions are as follows. We describe our unique embedding list representation of the tree structure, which enables efficient implementation of our Tree Model Guided ( TMG ) candidate generation. TMG is an optimal, nonredundant enumeration strategy that enumerates all the valid candidates that conform to the structural aspects of the data. We show through a mathematical model and experiments that TMG has better complexity compared to the commonly used join approach. In this article, we propose two algorithms, MB3-Miner and iMB3-Miner. MB3-Miner mines embedded subtrees. iMB3-Miner mines induced and/or embedded subtrees by using the maximum level of embedding constraint . Our experiments with both synthetic and real datasets against two well-known algorithms for mining induced and embedded subtrees, demonstrate the effectiveness and the efficiency of the proposed techniques.
Effect of extraction systems on the quality of virgin olive oil (1994)

Abstract Research has been carried out to ascertai the effects of different processing systems on olive oil quality. Tests were performed in industrial oil mills that were equipped with both pressure and centrifugation systems. Results show that oils extracted from good‐quality olives do not differ in free fatty acids, peroxide value, ultraviolet absorption and organoleptic properties. Polyphenols and o ‐diphenols contents and induction times are higher in oils obtained from good‐quality olives by the pressure system because it does not require addition of water to the olive paste. The centrifugation system requires the addition of warm water to the olive paste and helps to obtain oils with a lower content of natural antioxidants. Oils obtained from poorquality or from ripe olives in continuous centrifugal plants are lower in free fatty acids than those obtained by the pressure system.
Corticotropin‐Releasing Factor and Interleukin‐1 Receptors in the Brain‐Endocrine‐Immune Axis Role in Stress Response and Infection (1993)

CRF and IL-1 receptors were identified, characterized, and localized in brain, endocrine, and immune tissues. CRF receptors with comparable kinetic and pharmacological characteristics were localized in the anterior and intermediate lobes of the pituitary, in brain areas involved in mediating stress responses, and in the macrophage-enriched marginal zones of the spleen. The discrete localization of IL-1 receptors in neurons of the hippocampus provides further support for the role of IL-1 as a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator/growth factor in the CNS. The neuroendocrine effects of IL-1 may be mediated through actions of the cytokine in brain. However, given the high densities of IL-1 receptors in the anterior pituitary and testis, direct effects of the cytokine at the pituitary or gonadal levels seem highly likely. Overall, these data support a role for IL-1 and CRF in coordinating and integrating the brain-endocrine-immune responses to physiological, pharmacological, and pathological stimuli.
Tuning the substrate specificity by engineering the active site of cytochrome P450cam: A rational approach (2010)

Rational design of the active site of cytochrome P450cam has been carried out to catalyse oxygenation of various potentially important chemical reactions. The modeling studies showed that the distal pocket of the heme consisting of the Y96, T101, F87 and L244 residues could be suitably mutated to change the substrate specificity of the enzyme. We found that the mutant enzymes could catalyse oxygenation of indole to produce indigo. While Y96F was found to be several times better as a catalyst for conversion of indole to indigo, the double mutant Y96F/L244A showed the highest NADH oxidation rate as well as yield of indigo. The oxidative catalysis using H(2)O(2) as the oxygen source was found to produce a higher purity of indigo, and lesser or no formation of indirubin was detected. The enzymatic oxygenation of aromatic hydrocarbons such as coumarin and analogues was also found to be enhanced on mutation of Y96 and L244 residues in the enzyme. The studies also showed that mutation of suitable residues can alter the regio-selectivity of hydroxylation of the aromatic hydrocarbons.
Determination of selenite and selenate in human urine by ion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (2000)

The selenium species selenite, selenate and selenomethionine were separated in aqueous solution by ion chromatography. The separation was performed on an IonPac AG11 in series with an AS11 anion exchange column by elution with 25 mM sodium hydroxide in 2% methanol. The 78Se and 82Se isotopes were monitored in the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) detector.
Predicting Pore Pressure and Porosity from VSP Data: ABSTRACT (1984)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
ChemInform Abstract: LOOP REACTOR TECHNOLOGY IMPROVES CATALYTIC HYDROGENATIONS (1980)

Abstract Der Artikel behandelt zahlreiche produktionstechnisch wichtige Gas‐Flüssig‐Reaktionen, die im Vergleich zur konventionellen diskontinuierlichen Rührautoklavenfahrweise im Schleifenreaktor (Fließschemata) wirtschaftlicher ablaufen.
Designer Worlds: Procedural Generation of Infinite Terrain from Real-World Elevation Data (2014)

The standard way to procedurally generate random terrain for video games and other applications is to post-process the output of a fast noise generator such as Perlin noise. Tuning the post-processing to achieve particular types of terrain requires game designers to be reasonably well-trained in mathematics. A well-known variant of Perlin noise called value noise is used in a process accessible to designers trained in geography to generate geotypical terrain based on elevation statistics drawn from widely available sources such as the United States Geographical Service. A step-by-step process for downloading and creating terrain from realworld USGS elevation data is described, and an implementation in C++ is given.