gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pretreatment haemoglobin levels significantly predict the tumour response to primary chemotherapy in human breast cancer (2003)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether tumour response to primary chemotherapy in human breast cancer is influenced by baseline haemoglobin (Hb) status. A total of 157 patients with T2-4, N0-1 M0 breast cancer were treated with chemotherapy consisting of either the CMF regimen + tamoxifen (the first 76 cases) or the single-agent epirubicin (the subsequent 81) before definitive surgery. In total, 144 patients were fully assessable. Ki67, p53, bcl-2, c-erbB2, steroid hormone receptor, and microvessel density were evaluated immunohistochemically in tumour specimens obtained before chemotherapy and at surgery. Tumour shrinkage >50% occurred in 72.1% of patients. Responding patients had higher baseline Hb levels and red blood cell counts than nonresponders (P<0.01 and <0.003, respectively). The distribution of disease response according to increasing cutoffs of baseline Hb status showed that from 12.5 mg l(-1) onwards, patients with Hb levels above the cutoff obtained a greater response rate than those with lower Hb values. The difference attained the statistical significance at 12.5 (76.1 vs 59.5%, P<0.05) and 13.0 g/dl(-1) (81.0 vs 57.6%, P<0.002) cutoffs, respectively. The predictive role of Hb levels was maintained in multivariate analysis after adjustment for clinical and biological characteristics and treatment regimen. Patients with baseline Hb levels </=13 g dl(-1) showed a lower treatment-induced reduction in Ki67 expression (P<0.04) and a higher Ki67 expression at postoperative evaluation (P<0.02) than their counterparts. In conclusion, low Hb levels may negatively influence the response rate of chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Inhibition of antiproliferative activity could be a possible mechanism.
Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Micro‐ and Nano‐Crystalline CoSn Electrode Materials (2008)

Nanocrystalline CoSn with an average crystallite size of 19 nm is obtained at 265 degrees C by following a one-pot method. The structural and electrochemical properties of nano-CoSn are compared to those of micro-CoSn (319 nm) obtained at 500 degrees C. Micro-CoSn has specific capacities below 100 mAhg(-1), but very stable cycling behavior. In contrast, nano-CoSn exhibits reversible specific capacities of over ca. 400 mAhg(-1)in the first cycles, depending on the cycling conditions. The crystalline structure of micro-CoSn is preserved after electrochemical reaction with lithium. Nano-CoSn becomes amorphous upon cycling and a modified 119Sn Mössbauer spectrum corresponding to a LiCoSn nano-alloy is observed.
Transformerless four-wire PWM rectifier and its application in AC-DC-AC converters (1995)

The paper introduces a transformerless four-wire power-factor-corrected boost rectifier which does not draw low-order harmonic currents from the supply neutral. The four-wire rectifier topology and control is described. The main application of such a rectifier is a new transformerless, four-wire AC-DC-AC converter for uninterruptible power supplies. Simulation results show the steady-state and dynamic response of the four-wire rectifier and the four-wire AC-DC-AC converter.
Design techniques for single-low-V/sub DD/ CMOS systems (2005)

In this paper, a new CMOS design scheme called the single-low-V/sub DD/ CMOS (SLVCMOS) is proposed. With this scheme, a CMOS design implemented in a multi-V/sub TH/ CMOS technology can be operated with a very low external supply voltage, say 0.5-V, with a sleep current at the level of only picoampere per gate. The key items for a single-chip SLVCMOS design include a sleepless mixed-V/sub TH/ flip-flop, a boosted sleeping clock signal, and three low-power hard blocks. Analysis shows that additional benefits of using the SLVCMOS include higher performance and lower power consumption in the active mode, smaller leakage current in the sleep mode, shorter wake-up time and reduced wake-up energy during the sleep-to-active transition, and a reduced number of sleep-control signals, saving precious routing resources and reducing the chip area. A dual-rail SLVCMOS cell library and two test chips, one 32-b RISC core and the other verifying the design of hard blocks, are designed and implemented to show the feasibility of the proposed design scheme and the design techniques.
Evaporation Reduction with Reflective Covers (1973)

Floating reflective covers appear promising as a means of reducing evaporation from open water surfaces. Eight light-colored materials were studied using buried and exposed wall tanks to simulate a range of field conditions. Tested on the 2.1-m diam buried tanks were asphalt-concrete blocks, white butyl rubber, foamed butyl rubber, Mini-Vaps, Styrofoam, and foamed wax blocks. The same foamed wax blocks and two continuous wax covers of different melting points were tested on the 2.7-mediam exposed wall tanks. Efficiencies ranged from 23–79% reduction and from 36–87% reduction on the buried and exposed wall tanks, respectively. Styrofoam and the lower melting point continuous wax layer were the most efficient. The three wax covers and the two butyl rubber covers were the most economical, saving water for between $0.12 and $0.28 per 1,000 lc ell ($0.44 to $1.07 per 1,000 gal). These costs are less than most alternative methods of providing additional water supplies.
Gun-in-home stickers identify at-risk patients (1996)

Aiming to curb gun-related deaths and injuries, AAP leaders are asking pediatricians to stick 9em up. Stickers, that is. This year9s Child Health Month packet features a sheet of Gun-in-Home stickers that pediatricians are being urged to use in their medical record-taking to identify patients who might face the risk of firearm injury at home. It9s based on the penicillin allergy stickers, AAP Committee on Communications member Victor Strasburger, M.D., FAAP, said. The thought occurred to me that having a gun in the house is far more risky than having penicillin in the house — even if you9re allergic.
Soap Opera International (2006)

The author shares his experiences of using laundromats in different cities of the world to wash his clothes. Peripatetic Lyndel Rowe discovers you can tell a lot about cities by the facilities they provide for washing your dirty linen in public.
A lightweight roaming authentication protocol for anonymous wireless communication (2012)

In wireless network, a secure roaming authentication protocol enables a mobile user to get services from a foreign server when he/she is outside of the home server. However, the conventional approach requires the home server's participation during the authentication between the mobile user and the foreign server. So the larger number of the roaming requests are performed the heavier burden will be on the home server. Meanwhile, in wireless communication the privacy protection is also of great concern for the mobile user. In this paper we propose a lightweight roaming authentication protocol for anonymous wireless communication without the home server's participation. The new roaming authentication protocol takes advantage of the ID-based cryptography and provides user anonymity. It has good performance compared with the roaming authentication protocols whose authentication do not need the home server's participation in terms of security and computation costs. Moreover, it can be applied to various kinds of wireless networks such as Cellular Networks and Wireless Mesh Networks.
Efficient Projected Frame Padding for Video-Based Point Cloud Compression (2020)

The state-of-the-art 2D-based dynamic point cloud (DPC) compression algorithm is the video-based point cloud compression (V-PCC) developed by the Moving Pictures Experts Group (MPEG). It first projects the DPC patch by patch from 3D to 2D and organizes the projected patches into a video. The video is then efficiently compressed by High Efficiency Video Coding. However, there are many unoccupied pixels that may have a significant influence on the coding efficiency. These unoccupied pixels are currently padded using either the average of 4-neighbors for the geometry or the push-pull algorithm for the color attribute. While these algorithms are simple, the unoccupied pixels are not handled in the most efficient way. In this paper, we divide the unoccupied pixels into two groups: those that should be occupied and those that should not be occupied according to the occupancy map. We then design padding algorithms tailored to each group to improve the rate-distortion performance of the V-PCC reference software, for both the geometry and the color attribute. The first group is the unoccupied pixels that should be occupied according to the block-based occupancy map. We attempt to pad those pixels using the real points in the original DPC to improve the quality of the reconstructed DPC. Additionally, we attempt to maintain the smoothness of each block so as not to negatively influence the video compression efficiency. The second group is the unoccupied pixels that were correctly identified as unoccupied according to the block-based occupancy map. These pixels are useless for improving the reconstructed quality of the DPC. Therefore, we attempt to minimize the bit cost of these pixels without considering their reconstruction qualities. The bit cost is determined by the residue of these pixels obtained by subtracting the prediction pixels from the original pixels. Therefore, we propose padding the residue using the average residue of the occupied pixels in order to minimize the bit cost. The proposed algorithms are implemented in the V-PCC and the corresponding HEVC reference software. The experimental results show the proposed algorithms can bring significant bitrate savings compared with the V-PCC.
Epidermal stem cells (2002)

The clinical implications of understanding epidermal stem cell biology abound. Thousands of burns victims across the world have benefited from early research into the proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes in vitro. Advances now indicate there are a number of stem cell repositories within the epidermis, two of which, the interfollicular epidermis and the bulge region of the hair follicle, may supply each other when damaged. This review details the progress made in the identification and characterisation of stem cells within the epidermis and discusses the molecules involved in the epidermal stem cell's choice of fate. Finally, the skin, like bone marrow, could be a readily accessible source of stem cells for therapeutic intervention and evidence of skin stem cell plasticity is highlighted.
‘WHODUNNIT’: NOTES ON THE SYSTEM ADOPTED BY THE D.S.I.R., H.Q. LIBRARY FOR THE CONTROL OF PUBLICATIONS ISSUED BY CORPORATE AUTHORS (1952)

In January 1950 there appeared an article by Mortimer Taube on a new approach to the problem of recording publications issued by organizations, or, in library parlance, a set of rules for establishing corporate author entries designed to reduce the time and effort now required when applying the present Anglo‐American Code.
Behavioral and organizational responses to terrorism: A model based on 9/11 (2003)

The author’s 1998 white paper (completed for the US Department of Defense as a result of Presidential Decision Directive 39) applied the research literature on behavioral and organizational response to outline what might occur in the aftermath of a terrorist attack. It argued that it presented the best model available and should be applied when developing mitigation, preparedness, and response plans in anticipation of possible domestic nuclear, biological, and chemical terrorism.The terrorism events of September 11, 2001, have provided a basis for assessing this argument. The current article reviews the earlier argument by using updated disaster research to describe the behavioral and organizational response challenges a community or nation would likely encounter in a terrorist attack with weapons of mass destruction (WMD). Anecdotal evidence from the events of 9/11 is included to assess the efficacy of the literature as a model.
Comparing mostly-copying and mark-sweep conservative collection (1998)

Many high-level language compilers generate C code and then invoke a C compiler for code generation. To date, most, of these compilers link the resulting code against a conservative mark-sweep garbage collector in order to reclaim unused memory. We introduce a new collector, MCC, based on an extension of mostly-copying collection.We analyze the various design decisions made in MCC and provide a performance comparison to the most widely used conservative mark-sweep collector (the Boehm-Demers-Weiser collector). Our results show that a good mostly-copying collector can outperform a mature highly-optimized mark-sweep collector when physical memory is large relative to the live data. A surprising result of our analysis is that cache behavior can have a greater impact on overall performance than either collector time or allocation time.
Linked Rubisco Subunits Can Assemble into Functional Oligomers without Impeding Catalytic Performance (2006)

Although transgenic manipulation in higher plants of the catalytic large subunit (L) of the photosynthetic CO2-fixing enzyme ribulose 1,5-bisphospahte carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) is now possible, the manipulation of its cognate small subunit (S) is frustrated by the nuclear location of its multiple gene copies. To examine whether L and S can be engineered simultaneously by fusing them together, the subunits from Synechococcus PCC6301 Rubisco were tethered together by different linker sequences, producing variant fusion peptides. In Escherichia coli the variant PCC6301 LS fusions assembled into catalytically functional octameric ([LS]8) and hexadecameric ([[LS]8]2) quaternary structures that excluded the integration of co-expressed unfused S. Assembly of the LS fusions into Rubisco complexes was impaired 50-90% relative to the assembly of unlinked L and S into L8S8 enzyme. Assembly in E. coli was not emulated using tobacco SL fusions that accumulated entirely as insoluble protein. Catalytic measurements showed the CO2/O2 specificity, carboxylation rate, and Michaelis constants for CO2 and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate for the cyanobacterial Rubisco complexes comprising fusions where the S was linked to the N terminus of L closely matched those of the wild-type L8S8 enzyme. In contrast, the substrate affinities and carboxylation rate of the Rubisco complexes comprising fusions where L was fused to the N terminus of S or a six-histidine tag was appended to the C terminus of L were compromised. Overall this work provides a framework for implementing an alternative strategy for exploring simultaneous engineering of modified, or foreign, Rubisco L and S subunits in higher plant plastids.
The real-time UML standard: definition and application (2005)

This paper describes briefly the objectives, content, and usage of a real-time UML profile that has been standardized by the Object Management Group. This profile defines a common framework for describing the quantitative aspects of software systems. In addition, it provides specific facilities for analysing real-time systems for schedulability or performance.
Newspapers and Organizational Development: Management and Journalist Perceptions of Newsroom Cultural Change (2004)

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A dual sensor flow imaging tomographic system (1996)

A dual sensor tomograph for three-component flow imaging has been built at the University of Bergen in cooperation with Christian Michelsen Research AS and Norsk Hydro AS. It utilizes an eight-electrode electrical capacitance tomograph and a -ray tomograph with five radiation sources and 85 compact detectors. Embedded transputers using memory-mapped I/O ensure high-speed data acquisition into an Alpha AXP-based on-line processing unit. The first results demonstrate that three-component flow regime identification is possible at rates of about 30 frames per second, provided that sufficient computing capability is available.
The Air Gap and Angle Optimization in the Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Motor (2011)

In this study, the axial flux permanent magnet motor and the length range of the air gap between rotors was analyzed and the appropriate length obtained. NdFeB permanent magnets were used in this study. Permanent magnets can change the characteristics of the motor's torque. However, the distance between permanent magnets and the air gap will remain constant for each magnet. The impact of different magnet angles for the axial flux permanent magnet motor and other motor parameters was examined. To this aim, the different angles and torque values of the magnetic flux density were calculated using the finite element method of analysis with the help of Maxwell 3D software. Maximum torque was obtained with magnet angles of 21°, 26°, 31.4°, and 34.4°. Additionally, an important parameter for the axial flux permanent magnet motor in terms of the air gap flux was analyzed. Minimum flux change was obtained with a magnet angle of 26°. The magnetic flux of the magnet-to-air-gap is under 0.5 tesla. Given the height of the coil, the magnet-to-air-gap distance most suitable for the axial flux permanent magnet motor was 4 mm. Ill. 11, bibl. 4, tabl. 2 (in English; abstracts in English and Lithuanian).http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.110.4.280
Acoustic noise radiated by PWM-controllel induction machine drives (2000)

This paper investigates the acoustic noise radiated from two nominally identical induction motors when fed from sinusoidal, and asymmetric regular sampling subharmonic and space-vector pulsewidth modulation (PWM) converters. The theory for analyzing the noise spectrum is developed further to account for the interaction between the motor and the drive. It is shown that manufacturing tolerances can result in significant differences in the noise level emitted from nominally identical motors, and that mechanical resonances can result in extremely high noise emissions. Such resonances can be induced by stator and rotor slot air-gap field harmonics due to the fundamental component of current, and by the interaction between the airgap field harmonics produced by the fundamental and the PWM harmonic currents. The significance of the effect of PWM strategy on the noise is closely related to the mechanical resonance with vibration mode order zero, while the PWM strategy will be critical only if the dominant cause of the emitted noise is the interaction of the fundamental air-gap field and PWM harmonics.
Macrothiuram disulfide for the free radical synthesis of PDMS‐vinyl triblock copolymers. I. Syntheses and polymerization kinetics (1993)

Abstract PDMS‐based macrothiuram disulfides of different molecular weights capable of being used as macro‐thermal iniferters towards deriving PDMS‐containing triblock copolymers were synthesized and characterized. The synthesis of ω‐(secondary amine)‐terminated PDMS were accomplished by the hydrosilylation reaction of silyl hydride terminated PDMS with allyl‐ N ‐methylamine. Macroamines were eventually transformed to macroiniferters by the thiocarbamylation reaction and oxidative coupling. Kinetics of polymerization studied in the case of MMA and styrene in bulk, and as in toluene solution in case of MMA, revealed that the macroiniferters are as efficient as their microanalogues from the point of view of their initiating and chain‐terminating properties. The different kinetic parameters were determined and discussed. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Faster, cheaper, safer optical tweezers for the undergraduate laboratory (2002)

We describe an optical tweezers experiment suitable for a third-year undergraduate laboratory course. Compared to previous designs, it may be set up in about half the time and at one-third the cost. The experiment incorporates several features that increase safety. We also discuss how to use stochastic methods to characterize the trap’s strength and shape.
Iterative Synthesis of Spacered Glycodendrons as Oligomannoside Mimetics and Evaluation of Their Antiadhesive Properties (2007)

Dendrimer chemistry is an attractive concept for mimicry of the highly branched character of the bioactive carbohydrates found as part of a cell's sugar coat, called the glycocalyx. Glycodendrimers have thus been used to study biological processes occurring on cell surfaces, such as bacterial adhesion. This paper details a new approach in glycodendrimer synthesis, in which a 3,6-diallylated carbohydrate is utilised as core molecule, hydroboration-oxidation is the activating step, and glycosylation with branched and unbranched sugar trichloroacetimidates is used for dendritic growth. To obtain pure dendritic pseudo-tri- and -heptasaccharides in good yields, radical addition of mercaptoethanol to peripheral double bonds was also evaluated with great success. A collection of six new hyperbranched glycodendrons was tested for their potential as inhibitors of type 1 fimbriae-mediated bacterial adhesion in an ELISA and the results were interpreted with regard to sugar valency and spacer characteristics.
SLAPPs: Strategic Lawsuits against Public Participation (1989)

Americans are being sued for speaking out politically.The targets are typically not extremists or experienced activists, but normal, middle-class and blue-collar Americans, many on their first venture into the world of government decision making.The cases are not isolated or localized aberrations, but are found in every state, every government level, every type of political action, and every public issue of consequence.There is no dearth of victims: in the last two decades, thousands of citizens have been sued into silence.What is this new (and, we believe, growing) litigation
Defending against Adversarial Attack towards Deep Neural Networks via Collaborative Multi-task Training (2018)

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are known to be vulnerable to adversarial examples which contain human-imperceptible perturbations. A series of defending methods, either proactive defence or reactive defence, have been proposed in the recent years. However, most of the methods can only handle specific attacks. For example, proactive defending methods are invalid against grey-box or white-box attacks, while reactive defending methods are challenged by low-distortion adversarial examples or transferring adversarial examples. This becomes a critical problem since a defender usually does not have the type of the attack as a priori knowledge. Moreover, existing two-pronged defences (e.g., MagNet), which take advantages of both proactive and reactive methods, have been reported as broken under transferring attacks. To address this problem, this paper proposed a novel defensive framework based on collaborative multi-task training, aiming at providing defence for different types of attacks. The proposed defence first encodes training labels into label pairs and counters black-box attacks leveraging adversarial training supervised by the encoded label pairs. The defence further constructs a detector to identify and reject high-confidence adversarial examples that bypass the black-box defence. In addition, the proposed collaborative architecture can prevent adversaries from finding valid adversarial examples when the defence strategy is exposed. In the experiments, we evaluated our defence against four state-of-the-art attacks on $MNIST$ and $CIFAR10$ datasets. The results showed that our defending method achieved up to $96.3\%$ classification accuracy on black-box adversarial examples, and detected up to $98.7\%$ of the high confidence adversarial examples. It only decreased the model accuracy on benign example classification by $2.1\%$ for the $CIFAR10$ dataset.