gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analytical Method Development Report for Aripiprazole Tablets 2mg, 5mg, 10mg, 15mg, 20mg and 30mg (2012)

A novel stability indicating liquid chromatographic assay method was developed for the quantitative estimation of Aripiprazole in tablets 2mg, 5mg, 10mg, 15mg, 20mg,30mg. An isocratic reverse phase LC-method was developed using The chromatographic column Zorbax 150mm×4.6mm, C18 column with 5µm particles. The LC method employs solutions a mixture of Ammonium acetate buffer with Acetonitrile and Methanol as mobile phase. A 50mM Ammonium acetate, filtered through 0.45µm filter mixed with Acetonitrile-HPLC grade and Methanol-HPLC grade in the ratio 50:40:10(v/v/v). The flow rate of the mobile phase was 1.5 ml/min with a post run time of 10 min. The column temperature was maintained at 25°C and the detection was monitored at a wavelength of 254 nm. The injection volume was 10µl. The Proposed method was found to be Linear, precise and accurate for the quantitative estimation of Aripiprazole in tablet formulations and can be used for commercial purposes.
A numerical model of channel inception on submarine fans (1998)

The most common type of submarine fan is created by the passage of a succession of depositional turbidity currents. It is thus of interest to note that even in this essentially depositional environment the fan surface is often intensely channelized. Here a two‐dimensional numerical model describing the formation of a submarine fan by a spreading turbidity current is presented. Layer‐averaged governing equations describing the turbidity current are presented and solved numerically in conjunction with the Exner equation of bed sediment continuity. The formulation describes fan evolution from an initially flat surface. The bed is allowed to evolve in response to the exchange of sediment with the turbidity current by means of simultaneous erosion and deposition of suspended sediment. The upstream boundary condition is chosen so as to approximate a submarine canyon debouching upon the fan. Under some but not all conditions the early stage of the depositional process is accompanied by the formation of incipient natural levees that act to partially channelize the flow, indicating the formation of a channel‐levee system. Dimensionless parameters are used to describe conditions for optimal channelization. The model can explain some of the basic mechanisms that account for the persistent tendency for channelization of the fan surface under a wide range of conditions.
Landfill Gas, What It Does to Trees, and How Its Injurious Effects May Be Prevented (1981)

The conversion of former refuse landfills into post closure uses generally involves the planting of trees for aesthetic and occasionally commercial purposes. The authors have noted that it is frequently difficult to obtain satisfactory tree growth when the gases of anaerobic decomposition of the organic matter contained in the refuse are present. The lack of oxygen and the presence of excessive quantities of carbon dioxide in the soil root zone appear to be the cause of much tree injury and death when the trees are grown above or adjacent to former refuse fills. Thin, low-nuthent-content cover soils, lack of adequate soil moisture, excessive compaction, and surface settlement have also been identified as problems found associated with former refuse deposit areas. Methods are suggested for preventing the entry of landfill gases into the root zones of the trees and in accommodating other tree growth problems found associated with former refuse dumping areas. These include gas venting and blocking, irrigation, planting adaptable species, using small sized specimens in preference to large, and providing adequate maintenance.
Fractal Space-Time And Microphysics: Towards A Theory Of Scale Relativity (1993)

This is the first detailed account of a new approach to microphysics based on two leading ideas: (i) the explicit dependence of physical laws on scale encountered in quantum physics, is the manifestation of a fundamental principle of nature, scale relativity. This generalizes Einstein's principle of (motion) relativity to scale transformations; (ii) the mathematical achievement of this principle needs the introduction of a nondifferentiable space-time varying with resolution, i.e. characterized by its fractal properties. The author discusses in detail reactualization of the principle of relativity and its application to scale transformations, physical laws which are explicitly scale dependent, and fractals as a new geometric description of space-time
Hypofibrinolysis and the insulin resistance syndrome. (1995)

Atherothrombosis seems now to be the most appropriate term to describe the pathogenic events leading to the development of cardiovascular disease. An impaired fibrinolysis may not only contribute to and aggravate the tendency to thrombosis but fibrin deposit may also play a role in the development of the atherosclerotic plaque. Hypofibrinolysis is observed among obese subjects and it has been shown that an excess of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI 1) the main regulator of the fibrinolytic system, is closely associated to other components of the insulin resistance syndrome, namely, excessive body weight, high waist to hip ratio, elevated blood pressure, hyperinsulinemia and hypertriglyceridemia. PAI 1 levels decrease with measures attempting at decreasing insulin resistance. However, the mechanisms leading to increased PAI 1 levels are still unknown. On the basis of epidemiological studies, and in vitro studies with PAI secreting cells such as hepatocytes or endothelial cells, insulin, insulin precursors, and lipoproteins, mainly VLDL, appear candidates for triggering this excessive secretion, but no definite answer has yet been found.
Unique Catalytic and Molecular Properties of Hydrolases from<i>Aspergillus</i>used in Japanese Bioindustries (2000)

This review covers the unique catalytic and molecular properties of three proteolytic enzymes and a glycosidase from Aspergillus. An aspartic proteinase from A. saitoi, aspergillopepsin I (EC 3.4.23.18), favors hydrophobic amino acids at P1 and P'1 like gastric pepsin. However, aspergillopepsin I accommodates a Lys residue at P1, which leads to activation of trypsinogens like duodenum enteropeptidase. Substitution of Asp76 to Ser or Thr and deletion of Ser78, corresponding to the mammalian aspartic proteinases, cathepsin D and pepsin, caused drastic decreases in the activities towards substrates containing a basic amino acid residue at 1. In addition, the double mutant T77D/G78(S)G79 of porcine pepsin was able to activate bovine trypsinogen to trypsin by the selective cleavage of the K6-I7 bond of trypsinogen. Deuterolysin (EC 3.4.24.39) from A. oryzae, which contains 1g atom of zinc/mol of enzyme, is a single chain of 177 amino acid residues, includes three disulfide bonds, and has a molecular mass of 19,018 Da. It was concluded that His128, His132, and Asp164 provide the Zn2+ ligands of the enzyme according to a 65Zn binding assay. Deuterolysin is a member of a family of metalloendopeptidases with a new zinc-binding motif, aspzincin, defined by the "HEXXH + D" motif and an aspartic acid as the third zinc ligand. Acid carboxypeptidase (EC 3.4.16.1) from A. saitoi is a glycoprotein that contains both N- and O-linked sugar chains. Site-directed mutagenesis of the cpdS, cDNA encoding A. saitoi carboxypeptidase, was cloned and expressed. A. saitoi carboxypeptidase indicated that Ser153, Asp357, and His436 residues were essential for the enzymic catalysis. The N-glycanase released high-mannose type oligosaccharides that were separated on HPLC. Two, which had unique structures of Man10 GlcNAc2 and Man11GlcNAc2, were characterized. An acidic 1,2-alpha-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.113) was isolated from the culture of A. saitoi. A highly efficient overexpression system of 1,2-alpha-mannosidase fusion gene (f-msdS) in A. oryzae was made. A yeast mutant capable of producing Man5GlcNAc2 human-compatible sugar chains on glycoproteins was constructed. An expression vector for 1,2-alpha-mannosidase with the "HDEL" endoplasmic reticulum retention/retrieval tag was designed and expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The first report of production of human-compatible high mannose-type (Man5GlcNAc2) sugar chains in S. cerevisiae was described.
Persistent Equilibria in Strategic Games (1982)

A perfect equilibrium [Selten] can be viewed as a Nash equilibrium with certain properties of local stability. Simple examples show that a stronger notion of local stability is needed to eliminate unreasonable Nash equilibria. The persistent equilibrium is such a notion. Properties of this solution are studied. In particular, it is shown that in each strategic game there exists a pesistent equilibrium which is perfect and proper.
Graphical study of Laguerre-Gaussian beam modes (1994)

Following a brief survey of the theory of Laguerre-Gaussian beam modes, expressions are derived for the paraxial vector electric and magnetic fields for wave modes of arbitrary order. The variation of field amplitude in the plane transverse to the axis of propagation is illustrated by three-dimensional graphs, and constant-amplitude contours are obtained. Also, the electric and magnetic fields in longitudinal (xz and yz) planes are plotted for some low-order modes.
Electrocardiographic verification of esophageal temperature probe position (1979)

Esophageal temperature (Tes) varies with depth of insertion. Characteristic features of the esophageal electrocardiogram (ECG) can be used to place probes in the region where the esophagus is between the aorta and the left atrium. This describes a suitable catheter for recording of Tes and ECG and how features of the electrical activity of the atria may be used to place the probe tip. Records of Tes versus depth obtained during heating of four human subjects are included. The technique eliminates the need for radiographic verification of probe position. It could readily be employed in clinical situations with the advantage of having both a central temperature and an electrocardiogram available from a simple, readily inserted, and readily tolerated catheter.
공급체인에 대한 형태적 접근방법 (2013)

기업이 시장에서 경쟁력 우위를 확보하기 위해 중요한 사항들은 동적인 경영환경 변화에 즉각적인 적응과 핵심역량의 개발이다. 수요의 불확실성과 고객의 다양한 요구로 대변되는 동적인 경영환경에 대응할 수 있고 핵심역량을 외부로부터 아웃소싱할 수 있는 유연한 조직이 공급체인이다. 공급체인은 법적으로 독립적이지만 경제적으로 상호의존적인 기업들이 공동의 목표를 달성하기 위해 조직된 형태이다. 공급체인에 속해 있는 기업들은 상호 간에 유기적인 협조 체제 하에 가치창조 프로세스에 필요한 기술, 자원, 지식 및 정보를 공유하고 있기 때문에 대다수 산업분야에서 전략적으로 우수한 조직형태로 간주되고 있다. 공급체인의 경쟁력은 조달, 생산, 물류, 유통 프로세스에 참여하고 있는 각 개별기업들의 핵심역량의 조합에 의해 좌우된다. 최근의 경영환경은 공급체인 간의 경쟁시대에 진입하였으며 비즈니스의 궁극적인 성공은 경쟁력있는 공급체인을 구축할 수 있는 능력에 의해서 좌우된다. 본 논문에서는 조직의 형태적 접근방법의 핵심요소인 전략, 구조, 프로세스 및 환경(상황)으로부터 수요의 불확실성, 유연성 및 경쟁전략 변수를 도출하여 Lean 공급체인, Modular 공급체인, Agile 공급체인 및 Innovative 공급체인을 제안하였다. 또한 각각의 공급체인에 대한 비즈니스 프로세스의 특징을 제시하였다. 따라서 본 연구가 공급체인형태에 대한 이론적 발전에 기여할 뿐만 아니라 제안한 공급체인을 현장실무에 적용할 수 있다.
Identification and cloning of TWIK‐originated similarity sequence (TOSS): a novel human 2‐pore K<sup>+</sup> channel principal subunit (1999)

We have identified and cloned a new member of the mammalian tandem pore domain K+ channel subunit family, TWIK-originated similarity sequence, from a human testis cDNA library. The 939 bp open reading frame encodes a 313 amino acid polypeptide with a calculated Mr of 33.7 kDa. Despite the same predicted topology, there is a relatively low sequence homology between TWIK-originated similarity sequence and other members of the mammalian tandem pore domain K+ channel subunit family group. TWIK-originated similarity sequence shares a low (< 30%) identity with the other mammalian tandem pore domain K+ channel subunit family group members and the highest identity (34%) with TWIK-1 at the amino acid level. Similar low levels of sequence homology exist between all members of the mammalian tandem pore domain K+ channel subunit family. Potential glycosylation and consensus PKC sites are present. Northern analysis revealed species and tissue-specific expression patterns. Expression of TWIK-originated similarity sequence is restricted to human pancreas, placenta and heart, while in the mouse, TWIK-originated similarity sequence is expressed in the liver. No functional currents were observed in Xenopus laevis oocytes or HEK293T cells, suggesting that TWIK-originated similarity sequence may be targeted to locations other than the plasma membrane or that TWIK-originated similarity sequence may represent a novel regulatory mammalian tandem pore domain K+ channel subunit family subunit.
Strong Correlations in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>YH</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>δ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math>Evidenced by Raman Spectroscopy (2006)

Temperature dependent Raman measurements on insulating YH(3-delta) thin films are reported. With increasing temperature we observe a huge broadening of a line corresponding to an yttrium mode. This particular mode is assigned to a breathing vibration of the yttrium atoms around an octahedral hydrogen position. The line broadening is discussed in terms of a coupling between this breathing mode and the electron excited from an octahedral H vacancy into the 4d conduction band of Y, corroborating the strong correlation models for the electronic structure of YH3.
Modern Control Systems (1981)

For courses in Control Theory. Progressively develop students' problem-solving skills through an integrated design and analysis approach to real-world engineering problems Modern Control Systems presents the structure of feedback control theory and provides a sequence of exciting discoveries as students proceed through the text and problems. Written to be equally useful for all engineering disciplines, this text is organized around the concepts of control systems theory in the context of frequency and time domains. It provides coverage of both classical and modern methods of control engineerin
A Three-Year Study of Positive Blood Cultures, with Emphasis on Prognosis (1990)

A study of 37,156 blood cultures over a 3-year period yielded 1,972 positive blood culture episodes, of which 63% were of clinical significance, 26% represented contamination, 7% represented transient bacteremia, and 3% were of indeterminate significance. Mortality curves were calculated for clinically significant bacteremia according to etiologic organism and source. Several curves with different shapes were demonstrated. Quantitative differences were noted between cases of bacteremia arising from different sources and caused by different organisms. No mortality was associated with bacteremia of bone and joint origin. Mortality from bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia, bacteremia with Escherichia coli of urinary tract origin, endocarditis, and beta-hemolytic streptococcal bacteremia showed an early plateau effect, with a drop before day 20. Cases of bacteremia from intravascular sources other than endocarditis were associated with no initial mortality, but mortality rose progressively after day 5. Bacteremia related to most organisms and sources was associated with mortality that continued until at least day 20.
Energy conserving packet transmission schemes for video and voice over WLAN (2006)

The design of packet transmission mechanisms of video and voice over wireless networks generally utilizes the characteristics of real-time data to improve the network performance, the energy efficiency of mobile devices, and etc. Unfortunately, WLAN medium access control (MAC) layer does not distinguish real-time and data packets during MAC frame transmission, and this design introduces network overheads and extra power consumption of video and voice over WLAN (V 2 oWLAN) stations (STAs). In this paper, we propose a transmission scheme to eliminate WLAN MAC acknowledgment frames of real-time packets dynamically in order to reduce the power consumption of V 2 oWLAN STAs and to improve the network utilization without sacrificing video and voice qualities. The proposed transmission scheme utilizes the WLAN multicasting method that does not require MAC acknowledgment, and the method thus can be implemented on the existing WLAN infrastructures by only software upgrades. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme improves the network utilization and the energy efficiency of V 2 oWLAN applications.
Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Reductive Cleavage of Inert C–O Bonds with Silanes: Ruling out a Classical Ni(0)/Ni(II) Catalytic Couple and Evidence for Ni(I) Intermediates (2013)

A mechanistic and computational study on the reductive cleavage of C-OMe bonds catalyzed by Ni(COD)(2)/PCy(3) with silanes as reducing agents is reported herein. Specifically, we demonstrate that the mechanism for this transformation does not proceed via oxidative addition of the Ni(0) precatalyst into the C-OMe bond. In the absence of an external reducing agent, the in-situ-generated oxidative addition complexes rapidly undergo β-hydride elimination at room temperature, ultimately leading to either Ni(0)-carbonyl- or Ni(0)-aldehyde-bound complexes. Characterization of these complexes by X-ray crystallography unambiguously suggested a different mechanistic scenario when silanes are present in the reaction media. Isotopic-labeling experiments, kinetic isotope effects, and computational studies clearly reinforced this perception. Additionally, we also found that water has a deleterious effect by deactivating the Ni catalyst via formation of a new Ni-bridged hydroxo species that was characterized by X-ray crystallography. The order in each component was determined by plotting the initial rates of the C-OMe bond cleavage at varying concentrations. These data together with the in-situ-monitoring experiments by (1)H NMR, EPR, IR spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations provided a mechanistic picture that involves Ni(I) as the key reaction intermediates, which are generated via comproportionation of initially formed Ni(II) species. This study strongly supports that a classical Ni(0)/Ni(II) for C-OMe bond cleavage is not operating, thus opening up new perspectives to be implemented in other related C-O bond-cleavage reactions.
Antigenic and Allergenic Determinants of Ovalbumin (1988)

The decapeptide 1-10 of hen's egg ovalbumin (OA), deduced from the known amino acid sequence (Gly-Ser-Ile-Gly-Ala-Ala-Ser-Met-Glu-Phe), was synthesized by Merrifield solid phase peptide synthesis with a yield of greater than 70%. The completeness of the insertion of amino acids during synthesis was monitored by the amino acid compositions of the peptide-resin, prior to coupling of the preceding residue. The linearity of the synthesis was supported by dansyl Edman degradation and detection of three NH2 terminal residues 5-dimethylamino-naphtheline-1-sulphonyl (DNS)-Gly, -Ser, -Ile, respectively. The peptide was purified by gel filtration chromatography and analytical reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The homogeneity of the preparation was calculated both from the amino acid analysis and by integrating the peaks of HPLC to be greater than 83%. The antigenicity of the purified (P2) peptide could be detected by precipitation inhibition with the nephelometric technique. The decapeptide could also specifically react with functional structures on reaginic IgE molecule from the sera of individuals allergic to eggs, inhibiting its further binding to ovalbumin. An in-vivo experiment using direct skin test on two patients allergic to eggs showed no activity, rendering further testing unnecessary. The results suggest that the decapeptide of the NH2 terminal segment of OA encompasses an Ig-binding haptenic epitope.
Nickel(II)-katalysierte Pyrrolsynthese aus 2H-Azirinen und aktivierten Ketonen (1977)

Eine neue Pyrrolsynthese, die ohne Nebenreaktionen abläuft, geht von Azirinen (1) und Ketonen (2) aus. Bei genügender Aktivierung von (2) führt sie bereits bei Raumtemperatur in sehr hohen Ausbeuten zu den Pyrrolen (3).
The photochemistry of 3,3′,4,4′-tetramethoxy-and 4-hydroxy-3,3′,4′-trimethoxystilbene — models for stilbene chromophores in peroxide-bleached, high-yield wood pulps (1996)

The photochemistry of the title compounds has been investigated in ethanol and tetrahydrofuran solution under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Direct irradiation of trans-3,3′,4,4′-tetramethoxystilbene (trans-1) in deoxygenated ethanol leads to the rapid establishment of a photostationary state with the cis isomer, and the slower formation of the ethyl ether corresponding to addition of ethanol across the olefinic C=C bond and cyclobutane dimers. The same products are formed upon photolysis in the presence of oxygen under the same conditions but, in addition, two isomeric tetramethoxyphenanthrenes and 3, 4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde are formed. Photolysis of trans-1 in oxygenated tetrahydrofuran leads to the same products in different relative yields. Quantum yields for cis, trans photoisomerization, phenanthrene formation, and addition of ethanol have been determined by ferrioxalate actinometry. Direct irradiation of tran-4-hydroxy-3,3′,4′-trimethoxystilbene (trans-2) in ethanol solution also results in rapid cis–trans isomerization and the formation of (three) isomeric phenanthrene derivatives in photolyses carried out in the presence of oxygen, although the material balance is low. The various products of photolysis of trans-2 have been independently synthesized by desilylation of the products isolated from photolysis of trans-4-tert-butyldimethylsiloxy-3,3′,4′-trimethoxystilbene (trans-3) under similar conditions. Fluorescence-quenching experiments have been carried out to determine the relative rates of quenching of the excited singlet states of trans-1 and trans-2 by alcohols and oxygen. The formation of aldehydes is proposed to arise via reaction of superoxide ion with stilbene radical cations, which are formed by electron-transfer quenching of the stilbene excited singlet state by oxygen. Key words: stilbenes, lignin, photochemistry, photooxidation.
Olsalazine versus mesalazine in the treatment of mild to moderate ulcerative colitis (1998)

Therapeutic effectiveness and tolerance to the treatment did not differ between olsalazine sodium, 3 g/day, and mesalazine, 3 g/day, in inducing endoscopic remission in patients with mild to moderate active ulcerative colitis within 12 weeks of treatment.
Using Cinematography Conventions to Inform Guidelines For the Design and Evaluation of Virtual Off-Screen Space (2000)

Medication non-adherence impacts health significantly in African Americans with diabetes. We performed a retrospective data analysis on 56 patients who presented to the emergency departments of two hospitals in Philadelphia, PA, USA. Demographic data, medical history, and point-of-care hemoglobin A1c were collected at baseline. Using Spearman rank correlations, we examined whether depressive symptoms measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were associated with diabetes health beliefs, which were assessed with the Diabetes Health Belief Scale (DHBS). PHQ-9 scores were significantly correlated with DHBS's Perceived Side Effects scores [r(56) = 0.474, p < 0.01] and Perceived Barriers scores [r(56) = 0.337, p < 0.05]. These findings suggest that negative health beliefs may play a role in the relationship between depression and low medication adherence. Treatment of diabetes in middle-aged and older African American individuals should address both depression and negative health beliefs on side effects and perceived barriers.
Promoting Chinese culture (2017)

••嘉宾挺持开幕仪式后，与YPC学院的学生们开心合照！ VP「国际高等教育学府于曰前 工创立了YPC中华文化学会， 并在自家学府新建的大礼堂