gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discrete Global Grid Systems (1998)

A new class of spatial data structures called discrete global grid systems (DGGS’s) is introduced and the general application classes for it are discussed. DGGS’s based on subdivisions of the platonic solids, called Geodesic DGGS’s, are then introduced. A number of existing and proposed Geodesic DGGS’s are examined by looking at four design choices that must be made in constructing a Geodesic DGGS: the base platonic solid, the orientation of that solid relative to the earth’s surface, the method of subdivision defined on a face of that solid, and a method for relating that planar subdivision to the corresponding spherical surface. Finally, an examination of these design choices leads us to the construction of the ISEA3H DGGS.
PM chrome steel takes single press and sinter route to strength (2005)

Cutting out process steps in industry usually means reduced costs. Chrome steels may offer component manufacturers ways to take a more competitive approach while maintaining product quality…
ChemInform Abstract: DIBORAETHENE COMPOUNDS AS LIGANDS IN METAL COMPLEXES. IX. SYNTHESIS AND COMPLEXATION OF DERIVATIVES OF Δ4‐1,2‐DIAZA‐3,6‐DIBORIN. STRUCTURES OF 4,5‐DIETHYL‐3,6‐DIMETHYL‐1,2‐DIAZA‐3,6‐DIBORIN AND THE CORRESPONDING TRICARBONYLCHROMIUM COMPLEX (1980)

Abstract Die Umsetzung von Diethyldimethylthiadiborolen (I) mit den Hydrazinen (II) führt zu Diazadiborinen (III).
Complications of Diagnostic Cerebral Angiography: Evaluation of 19 826 Consecutive Patients<sup>1</sup> (2007)

In this review, diagnostic catheter cerebral angiography was found to have relatively low complication rates.
Biophotonics Techniques for Structural and Functional Imaging, In Vivo (2013)

In vivo optical imaging is being conducted in a variety of medical applications, including optical breast cancer imaging, functional brain imaging, endoscopy, exercise medicine, and monitoring the photodynamic therapy and progress of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In the past three decades, in vivo diffuse optical breast cancer imaging has shown promising results in cancer detection, and monitoring the progress of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The use of near infrared spectroscopy for functional brain imaging has been growing rapidly. In fluorescence imaging, the difference between autofluorescence of cancer lesions compared to normal tissues were used in endoscopy to distinguish malignant lesions from normal tissue or inflammation and in determining the boarders of cancer lesions in surgery. Recent advances in drugs targeting specific tumor receptors, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAb), has created a new demand for developing non-invasive in vivo imaging techniques for detection of cancer biomarkers, and for monitoring their down regulations during therapy. Targeted treatments, combined with new imaging techniques, are expected to potentially result in new imaging and treatment paradigms in cancer therapy. Similar approaches can potentially be applied for the characterization of other disease-related biomarkers. In this chapter, we provide a review of diffuse optical and fluorescence imaging techniques with their application in functional brain imaging and cancer diagnosis.
Oligoclonal repertoire of the CD8 alpha alpha and the CD8 alpha beta TCR-alpha/beta murine intestinal intraepithelial T lymphocytes: evidence for the random emergence of T cells. (1994)

The epithelium of the small intestine in normal euthymic mice contains a large number of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL), some of which bear a T cell receptor alpha/beta (TCR-alpha/beta). About half of these TCR-alpha/beta IEL display the CD8 alpha alpha phenotype and the remaining have the CD8 alpha beta or the CD4 phenotypes. To examine whether TCR-alpha/beta IEL have a TCR-beta chain repertoire as diverse as that of TCR-alpha/beta lymph node lymphocytes (LNL), we used a recently described PCR technique that allows a global analysis of the TCR-beta chain repertoire. Within any given mouse, the repertoires expressed in both CD8 alpha alpha and CD8 alpha beta TCR-alpha/beta IEL populations are oligoclonal and nonoverlapping between the two subsets. The clones are largely conserved through the length of the small intestine of the same individual. However, genetically identical individuals raised under indistinguishable environmental conditions display distinct oligoclonal repertoires. Those findings indicate that few cells of CD8 alpha alpha or of the CD8 alpha beta phenotype are responsible for the repopulation of the intestinal epithelium.
Quality aspects in the production of copper-alloy strip (2014)

High–quality products require well engineered production equipment, continuous process control wherever possible, and a maximum of responsibility delegated to the production personnel. The example of a modern copper–alloy strip will is used to illustrate the level reached and to show what remains to be done.
Quelques aspects de la pathologie des petits ruminants en Guadeloupe et en Martinique (1991)

Quelques résultats préliminaires provenant de diagnostics de laboratoire et d'enquêtes apportent les indications suivantes : la coccidiose joue vraisemblablement un rôle important dans le parasitisme gastro-intestinal des petits ruminants, jeunes et adultes; la toxoplasmose et la fièvre Q interviennent dans les avortements et les mortinatalités; si la dermatophilose des chèvres ne provoque que des lésions localisées en Guadeloupe, celle des moutons revêt un caractère extensif et mortel en Martinique; la fièvre catarrhale existe en Guadeloupe mais son impact n'est pas connu, ni celui de l'anaplasmose. Par contre la trypanosomose a disparu de Guadeloupe et de Martinique.
Effects of various ester groups in ?-radiation degradation of syndiotactic poly(methacrylate)s (1996)

The γ irradiation of poly(methacrylate)s with various ester groups at room temperature was investigated by gel permeation chromatography and NMR techniques. The G values for scission and crosslinking for each of the polymers were estimated from the changes in the molecular weights and molecular weight distributions. The new structures formed during γ irradiation were examined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. All of the investigated poly(alkanemethacrylate)s were found to produce the alkane formates during γ irradiation, and for poly(2-methyl heptyl methacrylate) G(S) was less than 4G(X), indicating gel formation in this polymer. In the investigation of poly(benzyl methacrylate), no formate ester was found, but some small molecule compounds formed from the benzyl radical were detected. The benzyl group was also found to stabilize the polymer against radiation damage. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Complete amino acid sequence of pyrazine‐binding protein from cow nasal mucosa (1989)

The sequence is reported of the pyrazine-binding protein from cow olfactory/respiratory mucosa. The protein consists of 159 amino acids and clearly belongs to the retinol-binding protein family. It is most closely related to the urinary proteins from mice and rats and to the odour-binding protein from rat nasal epithelium. It is unique however, in that only one of the otherwise conserved features of the family is still present--namely a single tryptophan. Most surprisingly the protein contains no cysteine and, therefore, does not rely for its structural stability on the disulphide bond(s) present in other members of this group. A model for the protein has been constructed based on the co-ordinates of beta-lactoglobulin. From this, it is possible to identify residues which may line the binding site. The impression gained is of a much larger pocket than occurs with retinol-binding protein or beta-lactoglobulin. The character of the binding pocket remains essentially hydrophobic but with a significant reduction in its aromatic content and an increase in H-bonding side chains.
Fabrication of Superconducting Niobium Radio Frequency Structures (1983)

During the last several years a variety of superconducting radio frequency structures have been designed, fabricated and tested. The diverse structures and fabrication techniques will be described, For much of the work described, no claim is made as to the original conception having taken place in our laboratory. This paper is a description of our experiences in this field.
Airborne Vector Gravimetry Using Precise, Position-Aided Inertial Measurement Units (1993)

Vector gravimetry using a precise inertial navigation
system continually updated with external position data, for
example using GPS, is studied with respect to two prob-
lems. The first concerns the attitude accuracy requirement
for horizontal gravity component estimation. With
covariance analyses in the space and frequency domains it
is argued that with stable gyro drift, the short-wavelength
gravity vector cau be estimated without the aid of external
attitude updates. The second problem concerns the state-
space estimation of the gravity signal where considerable
approximations must be assumed in the gravity model in
order to take advantage of the ensemble error estimation
afforded by the Kalman filter technique. Gauss-Markov
models for the gravity field am specially designed to reflect
the attenuation of the signal at a specific altitude and the
omission of the long-wavelength components from the
estimation. With medium accuracy INS/GPS systems,
the horizontal components of gravity with wavelengths
shorter than 250 km should be estimable to an accuracy of
4-6 mgal Q.g while high accuracy systems should yield
an improvement to l-2 mgal.
On the internal structure of pressure‐sensitive adhesives (1971)

Abstract The internal structure of pressure‐sensitive adhesives was studied using electron microscopy and measurements of mechanical loss, tensile modulus, viscosity, stress relaxation, and critical surface tension. The adhesives were blends of natural rubber and the pentaerythritol ester of hydrogenated rosin. Compositions containing up to 40 wt‐% resin are homogeneous mixtures. The temperature dispersion of mechanical loss shows a single peak, and the peak value remains almost constant. When the resin concentration exceeds 40 wt‐%, phase separation occurs. The disperse phase is resin containing a small amount of rubber. Two peaks, or a peak and a shoulder, appear in the temperature–loss peak curves. It is postulated that one of the peaks corresponds to the phase in which resin is uniformly dispersed in the rubber and the other peak corresponds to the resin phase which contains a small amount of rubber. Evidence for homogeneity in compositions containing 40 wt‐% or less resin and of heterogeneity at higher concentrations of resin was also obtained from the electron microscope observations. The relationships between the internal structure of pressure‐sensitive adhesives and viscosity, Young's modulus, the relaxation spectrum, tack, and critical surface tension are discussed.
Limited SHIV env diversification in macaques failing oral antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (2012)

Our results in a macaque model of acute HIV infection suggest that infection during PrEP limits early virus evolution likely because of a direct antiviral effect of PrEP and/or reduced target cell availability. Reduced virus diversification during early infection might enhance immune control by slowing the selection of escape mutants.
Triose phosphate utilization and beyond: from photosynthesis to end-product synthesis (2018)

Abstract During photosynthesis plants fix CO 2 from the atmosphere onto ribulose-bisphosphate producing 3-phosphoglycerate, which is reduced to triose phosphates (TPs). The TPs are then converted into the end products of photosynthesis. When a plant is photosynthesizing very quickly it may not be possible to commit photosynthate to end product as fast as it is produced, causing a decrease in available phosphate and limiting the rate of photosynthesis to the rate of triose phosphate utilization (TPU). The occurrence of an observable TPU limitation is highly variable based on species and especially growth conditions, with TPU capacity seemingly regulated to be in just slight excess of the likely photosynthetic rate. The physiological effects of TPU limitation are discussed with an emphasis on interactions between the Calvin-Benson cycle and the light reactions. Methods for detecting TPU-limited data from gas exchange data are detailed, and the impact on modeling of some physiological effects are shown. Special consideration is given to common misconceptions about TPU. Highlight Photosynthetic triose phosphate utilization limitation is discussed, highlighting misleading points in physiology and focusing on regulation.
Fault-Block Transmissibility Estimation Using Injection and Production Data in Waterfloods (2012)

Abstract Offshore assets instrumentation and monitoring provides a stream of under-utilized dynamic data, yet to be effectively used for reservoir characterization. This paper presents a semi-analytic approach that utilizes injection, production and pressure data to estimate fault-block transmissibility. We incorporate simultaneous pressure and rate history to determine fault status (sealing or leaking), characterize inter-fault block transmissibility, evaluate average reservoir pressure in different reservoir compartments and finally estimate effective flux rate across a leaking fault. Analytical formulation imbedded in the capacitance resistance models (CRM) enabled simultaneous history matching of production and pressure data associated with reservoir compartments communicating through a partially leaking fault. The methodology was implemented in an offshore case study consisting of multiple fault-blocks with active aquifer support and unknown inter-block communications. We used historical injection and production rate data along with sparse average pressure data of each compartment to estimate, flux and transmissibility across the fault, between the reservoirs adjacent to the fault, and also between aquifer and reservoirs. A material balanced based simulation model of an offshore asset was used for validation of the developed technique and sensitivity analysis of the obtained leaking fault transmissibility. This method enabled estimation of effective injection within each fault-block, the amount of aquifer support and the interaction between compartments after simultaneously history matching both rate and pressure of each compartment using CRM.
Smart sensing for mine detection studies with IR cameras (2002)

Because of the high risks involved, it is necessary to conduct mine detection remotely. By making use of infrared (IR) cameras, scattered mines can be detected from remote locations. In the case of mines buried in the ground, detection is possible if the peripheral temperature difference is large enough between the ground and mine weapon. As one of the world's advanced nations in sensor technology, Japan should promote surveys and studies for detecting mines safely by using its advanced remote sensing technologies.
Bisulfite-free epigenomics and genomics of single cells through methylation-sensitive restriction (2021)

Single-cell multi-omics are powerful means to study cell-to-cell heterogeneity. Here, we present a single-tube, bisulfite-free method for the simultaneous, genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation and genetic variants in single cells: epigenomics and genomics of single cells analyzed by restriction (epi-gSCAR). By applying this method, we obtained DNA methylation measurements of up to 506,063 CpGs and up to 1,244,188 single-nucleotide variants from single acute myeloid leukemia-derived cells. We demonstrate that epi-gSCAR generates accurate and reproducible measurements of DNA methylation and allows to differentiate between cell lines based on the DNA methylation and genetic profiles.
A new active virtual pivot six-degree-of-freedom hand controller for aerospace applications (1991)

During 1989 a new six-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) active hand controller concept was designed and constructed based on the concept of a virtual pivot. This concept, labeled VPHC, was first demonstrated in a 1985 study and a patent was issued in 1990. Operator control input occurs via a force/torque sensor rigidly mounted to the handgrip. Sensed force/torque signals are used by microprocessors to generate motor drive control for each of six independently controlled motors mounted on the three-legged mechanism. The control microprocessor uses input biasing and rate-feedback motor controllers to generate the sensed feel of virtual springs and deadbands found in more conventional designs. An important advantage of this design is that the location of the virtual pivots, reflective forces and torques, breakout force levels, sensed spring rates, and operating modes, can be changed simply by changing the software. This approach yields an autonomous VPHC that can easily adapt itself to an individual operator (by software extension). A proof-of-concept version has been demonstrated, and further improvements are currently being studied and implemented.
Air-Water Gas Transfer in Uniform Channel Flow (1999)

Transfer of low-solubility gas between air and flowing water is studied experimentally and through analysis of previous studies. The smallest turbulent motions are seen to have a theoretical advantage in overcoming interfacial resistance, and measurements of oxygen absorption rates are found to agree with small-eddy scaling. Though recent studies have emphasized large motions, this conflict is resolved by a conceptual framework incorporating both scales in terms of the distribution of near-surface turbulent energy dissipation rates. At higher Reynolds numbers, such as in natural streams, transfer rates are expected to be controlled by mean dissipative scales.
Anorexia, Functional Capacity, and Clinical Outcome in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure: Results from the Studies Investigating Co-morbidities Aggravating Heart Failure (SICA-HF) (2017)

Inflammation, use of loop diuretics, and cachexia are associated with an increased likelihood of anorexia in patients with HF, and patients with anorexia showed impaired functional capacity and poor outcomes.
Osteosintesi delle fratture intrarticolari dell’omero prossimale (2005)

Riassunto Nelle fratture scomposte intrarticolari della testa dell’omero, esiste sempre il rischio di compromissione della vascolarizzazione in caso di coinvolgimento della totalita del collo anatomico. Inoltre, la riduzione delle fratture pluriframmentarie in questa sede e una procedura impegnativa. Le difficolta tecniche aumentano nei pazienti anziani a causa dell’osteoporosi, che comporta ulteriori problemi tra cui la tenuta sull’osso dei mezzi di sintesi, con conseguente maggior rischio di mobilizzazione. Per questa ragione, la sostituzione protesica puo rappresentare il trattamento di elezione nei pazienti piu anziani. Al contrario, nei piu giovani e indicata soltanto in casi eccezionali, a causa del limitato tempo di sopravvivenza delle protesi. La ricostruzione puo essere eseguita mediante riduzione a cielo aperto oppure percutanea. A condizione che il chirurgo durante l’intervento rispetti i tessuti molli e limiti al minimo l’utilizzo di impianti, la percentuale di necrosi in seguito alla riduzione a cielo aperto non risulta piu elevata. Tuttavia, la necessita di iniziare il trattamento riabilitativo nell’immediato periodo postoperatorio, al fine di limitare la tendenza alla formazione di tessuto cicatriziale, presuppone un’elevata stabilita della sintesi. Le tecniche percutanee richiedono, da parte del chirurgo, grande esperienza e la capacita di intuire dall’esterno, orientandosi tridimensionalmente, la disposizione dei frammenti e le loro connessioni reciproche costituite dal tessuto molle residuo presente alla rima di frattura. Soltanto un chirurgo esperto, infatti, riesce a sfruttare al meglio il principio della ligamentotassi. Uno dei vantaggi della sintesi percutanea e di permettere una gestione del postoperatorio sovrapponile a quella dei metodi conservativi, per il limitato rischio di comparsa di processi cicatriziali iatrogeni. Particolarmente adatte al trattamento a cielo chiuso sono le fratture a due e tre frammenti e le fratture a quattro frammenti impattate in valgo. Le fratture a quattro frammenti gravemente scomposte, le fratture-lussazioni a quattro frammenti e le fratture con separazione della testa omerale sono meno indicate per la riduzione percutanea, a causa della pressoche totale assenza di connessioni di tessuto molle tra i diversi frammenti di frattura.
Semantic video indexing using a probabilistic framework (2002)

Proposes a probabilistic framework for semantic video indexing. The components of the framework are multijects and multinets. Multijects are probabilistic multimedia objects representing semantic features or concepts. A multinet is a probabilistic network of multijects which accounts for the interaction between concepts. The main contribution of the paper is the application of a graphical probabilistic framework to build the multinet. The multinet enhances the detection performance of individual multijects, provides a unified framework for integrating multiple modalities and supports inference of unobservable concepts based on their relation with observable concepts. We develop multijects for detecting sites (locations) in video and integrate the multijects using multinet in the form of a Bayesian network. Detection performance is significantly improved using the multinet.
Self-replication of DNA by its encoded proteins in liposome-based synthetic cells (2018)

Replication of DNA-encoded information and its conversion into functional proteins are universal properties of life. In an effort toward the construction of a synthetic minimal cell, we implement here the DNA replication machinery of the Φ29 virus in a cell-free gene expression system. Amplification of a linear DNA template by self-encoded, de novo synthesized Φ29 proteins is demonstrated. Complete information transfer is confirmed as the copied DNA can serve as a functional template for gene expression, which can be seen as an autocatalytic DNA replication cycle. These results show how the central dogma of molecular biology can be reconstituted and form a cycle in vitro. Finally, coupled DNA replication and gene expression is compartmentalized inside phospholipid vesicles providing the chassis for evolving functions in a prospective synthetic cell relying on the extant biology.
Refined Data Partitioning for improved video prioritization (2016)

Data partitioning is a coarse form of compressed data prioritization or layering that is effective in error-prone environments. This paper proposes a further sub-partition of one of the H.264/AVC codec's data-partitions, which can result in up to a 5 dB improvement in objective video quality. Specifically, the partition bearing spatially-coded data is divided into those data naturally inserted by the encoder and those data inserted for intra-refresh purposes. The refinement is helpful when communicating over wireless channels or when selectively dropping packets during congestion. Suitable applications are in two-way user-to-user communication for which HTTP adaptive streaming is inappropriate and the HEVC codec consumes too much energy.
Phylogeography of the intertidal goby Chaenogobius annularis associated with paleoenvironmental changes around the Japanese Archipelago (2012)

We examined the phylogeography of the common Japanese intertidal goby Chaenogobius annularis using the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 gene, and the surrounding transfer RNA from 195 specimens collected in 27 localities around the Japanese Archipelago and the Korean Peninsula, and reconstructed the historical processes of its current distribution. In total, 169 unique haplotypes were obtained, and phylogenetic trees showed 2 genetically distinct lineages: the Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan lineages, whose divergence was estimated to have occurred in the early Pleistocene, related to the paleoenvironmental history of the Sea of Japan. After the divergence, the Sea of Japan lineage rapidly attained its current distribution, whereas the present-day distribution of the Pacific Ocean lineage was formed as a result of vicariance and dispersal.