gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic OPC repair flow: optimized implementation of the repair recipe (2007)

Virtual manufacturing that is enabled by rapid, accurate, full-chip simulation is a main pillar in achieving successful mask tape-out in the cutting-edge low-k1 lithography. It facilitates detecting printing failures before a costly and time-consuming mask tape-out and wafer print occur. The OPC verification step role is critical at the early production phases of a new process development, since various layout patterns will be suspected that they might to fail or cause performance degradation, and in turn need to be accurately flagged to be fed back to the OPC Engineer for further learning and enhancing in the OPC recipe. At the advanced phases of the process development, there is much less probability of detecting failures but still the OPC Verification step act as the last-line-of-defense for the whole RET implemented work. In recent publication the optimum approach of responding to these detected failures was addressed, and a solution was proposed to repair these defects in an automated methodology and fully integrated and compatible with the main RET/OPC flow. In this paper the authors will present further work and optimizations of this Repair flow. An automated analysis methodology for root causes of the defects and classification of them to cover all possible causes will be discussed. This automated analysis approach will include all the learning experience of the previously highlighted causes and include any new discoveries. Next, according to the automated pre-classification of the defects, application of the appropriate approach of OPC repair (i.e. OPC knob) on each classified defect location can be easily selected, instead of applying all approaches on all locations. This will help in cutting down the runtime of the OPC repair processing and reduce the needed number of iterations to reach the status of zero defects. An output report for existing causes of defects and how the tool handled them will be generated. The report will with help further learning and facilitate the enhancement of the main OPC recipe. Accordingly, the main OPC recipe can be more robust, converging faster and probably in a fewer number of iterations. This knowledge feedback loop is one of the fruitful benefits of the Automatic OPC Repair flow.
ICING-INTENSITY DATA FOR THE 1953-54 SEASON (1954)

Abstract : The meteorological data obtained under natural-icing conditions at Willow Run, Michigan, and at Mt. Washington, New Hampshire, during the 1953-54 icing season, are presented. A total of 25 icing flights were made with a B-24 airplane. During these icing flights, 156 icing-intensity measurements were obtained by the rotating-multicylinder method. A total of 84 rotating- multicylinder runs were conducted at Mt. Washington. The data presented consist of liquid-water content, mean-effective droplet diameter, droplet-distribution type, free-air temperature, pressure altitude, true air speed, type of cloud, and geographical location. The range of the meteorological conditions measured during the season is as follows: liquid-water content, 0.04 to 0.95 gm/m to the 3rd power; mean-effective droplet diameter, 5 to 36 microns; free-air temperature, -3 to +31 F; and pressure altitude, 3850 to 7550 feet. Frequency- of occurrence curves of liquid-water content and mean-effective droplet diameter are presented.
FEM models in System Simulations using Model Order Reduction and Functional Mockup Interface (2012)

The integration of a three-dimensional FEM model (ANSYS) in a dynamic, component-based system simulation tool (CoSMOS) is described. In order to avoid high simulation times of a direct co-simulation while maintaining the relevant details of the FEM submodel at the same time, model order reduction is applied to the FEM model. The reduced submodel is encapsulated in an FMU and finally imported in a system simulation. An example use case is presented to demon
Lymphocystis infection in snakeskin gourami, <i>Trichogaster pectoralis</i> (Regan), (Anabantidae) (1987)

Abstract. A lymphocystis infection is described from aquarium‐held snakeskin gourami, Trichogaster pectoralis (Regan). The cytoplasm of the hypertrophic cells revealed virus particles of extended hexagonal profiles with thin two‐layered capsids. Subsequent examination of the fish 4 months later revealed hypertrophic cells showing varying degrees of collapse and degradation. The virus particles loading such cells were of regular hexagonal profiles with thick three‐layered capsids.
Fixed Pattern Noise in Localization Microscopy (2014)

Localization microscopy vastly improves the resolution achieved by fluorescence microscopy by fitting the positions of individual fluorophores. We examine the reconstructions produced by different fitting algorithms for instances of fixed pattern noise--systematic tendencies to alter estimated emitter positions according to their subpixel location in a way that does not reflect the ground truth structure. We show that while not readily visible at standard empirical signal strengths, fixed pattern noise can occur when performing sub-pixel fitting, and that its degree varies according to the algorithm used and the relative size of the pixels compared to the point spread function. For pixel sizes in the range 80-170 nm, this results in variations in accuracy of the order of 2-4 nm-comparatively small for many applications, but non-negligible in scenarios where very high accuracy is sought.
On the identity of lymphoid cells that stimulate the rat MLC and produce active enhancement. (1977)

The preimmunization of 10(7) Brown Norway (BN) rat lymphoid cells i.v. 1 week before (Lew X BN) F1 to Lewis renal grafting causes a state of immunologic enhancement. The BN lymphoid cells responsible for producing enhancement are the same cells that are capable of stimulating Lewis T cells in one-way MLCs. Thus active enhancement requires immunity to LD antigens, since SD +, LD- BN cells do not create a vigorous enhanced state.
Progenitor cell involvement is predictive of response to induction chemotherapy in paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia (2003)

In acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), involvement of early progenitor cells may predict poor response to induction chemotherapy. We evaluated the involvement of early progenitor cells in two AML subtypes with a favourable prognosis [t(8;21) and t(15;17)], and a subtype with poor prognosis (monosomy 7). CD34+CD33- cells were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, grown in liquid medium followed by culture in semi-solid medium, and the colonies that were formed were analysed for the identifiable genetic markers. Two of 136 colonies from six t(8;21) AML patients expressed the AML1-ETO transcript, and all six patients achieved remission after induction. None of 192 colonies from five t(15;17) AML patients expressed the RARalpha-PML transcript and all achieved remission. In contrast, in three of 10 cases of monosomy 7 AML, colonies were positive for monosomy 7, and all three patients failed to enter remission. However, five of six evaluable patients with colonies negative for monosomy 7 entered remission. These data support the hypothesis that leukaemic involvement of early progenitor cells affects the response to induction chemotherapy.
Pyrene and chrysene fate in surface soil and sand microcosms (2001)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are major components of wastes from municipal gas plants and many wood preservatives. Soil contaminated with these wastes is a potential threat to human health because of the carcinogenicity of many PAHs. This study follows the fate of two four-ring PAHs, pyrene and chrysene, in three matrices: an adapted soil (obtained from a site contaminated with PAHs for more than 75 years), an uncontaminated soil (with and without an inoculum of adapted soil), and sand mixed with an inoculum of adapted soil. Radiolabeled pyrene, chrysene, and salicylic acid (a metabolite of PAH biodegradation) were used to trace the mineralization, transformation, extractability, and formation of an unextractable residual over time. Linear approximations of the rates of these processes were made. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of extracts from inoculated soil showed the transient formation of two known metabolites: 1-hydroxypyrene (from pyrene) and 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (from chrysene). The amount of extractable label diminished steadily over the course of the study in systems that were not inhibited with sodium azide, whereas the amount of extractable label remained relatively constant in inhibited systems. Correspondingly, the amount of nonextractable residual label generally increased during each incubation in uninhibited systems, whereas the amount of this residual label remained relatively constant in inhibited systems. In contrast, the rate and extent of mineralization varied widely across matrix types. This suggests that alterations of the PAH that impact extractability and residual formation are common, in contrast to mineralization, which was apparently limited to adapted communities.
Localized High Frequency Electrodynamic Behavior of Optimally-doped Ba(Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_x$)$_2$As$_2$ Single Crystal films (2015)

Localized high frequency (several GHz) electrodynamic properties of a high quality epitaxial, single-crystal Iron-Pnicitde Ba(Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_x$)$_2$As$_2$ thin film near optimal doping (x=0.08) are measured under a localized and strong RF magnetic field, created by a near-field microwave microscope. Two reflection electrodynamic measurements, including linear and the third harmonic responses, are performed to understand the electromagnetic properties of Ba(Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_x$)$_2$As$_2$. Our measurement results show that Ba(Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_x$)$_2$As$_2$ has have a wide superconducting transition width and may have a multi-gap nature. In addition, based on the $1/T^2$ dependence of the third harmonics signal at lower temperature, Ba(Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_x$)$_2$As$_2$ shows the possibility of nodal behavior.
Development of a new technique for reducing pressure pulse generation during 308‐nm excimer laser coronary angioplasty (1995)

Despite expectations that excimer laser ablation would result in a low incidence of coronary dissection, studies have documented a 15-20% incidence of dissection (including a 4-6% incidence of clinically significant dissection) during excimer interventions. This investigation sought to determine if pressure pulses produced by the exposure of fluid phase media (blood and contrast) to 308-nm excimer radiation might contribute to untoward outcomes. Pressure pulses generated in these media were quantitated to be > 100 atm. In vitro ablation of porcine aorta in the presence of blood or contrast resulted in tissue dissection, while ablation in pure crystalloid did not. Next, a "flush and bathe" technique designed to replace all blood and contrast with crystalloid was applied to a pilot population of 57 consecutive patients. There were no rhythm disturbances or laser-related clinically significant dissections in this group, and the clinical success rate was 95%. In summary, this report quantitates a potential etiology for excimer dissection and suggests that replacement of blood and contrast with crystalloid might improve procedural and clinical success rates.
Promoting students’ engagement in school: Effects of the eclectic communication model (2014)

Este E-Book reúne um conjunto de investigações apresentadas no “I Congresso Internacional Envolvimento dos Alunos na Escola: Perspetivas da Psicologia e Educação” (ICIEAE), organizado no âmbito do “Projeto PTDC/CPE-CED/114362/2009 - Envolvimento dos Alunos na Escola: Diferenciação e Promoção” (EAE-DP), financiado pela Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).
Wideband piezoelectric rectangular loudspeaker using a tuck-shaped polyvinylide-fluoride bimorph (2006)

A bimorph sheet of polyvinylide-fluoride (PVDF) film was applied to a flat rectangular loudspeaker as a folded zigzag-tack shape diaphragm whose size is, e.g., 260–144 mm with various depths. These loudspeakers, which we call bimorph tuck loudspeakers, are characterized by their moderate size, wide frequency range, light weight, and lack of magnetic flux radiation. This study examines the electro-acoustic transducer characteristics of these loudspeakers. Their sensitivity and resonance frequency were measured using a flat-panel baffle. Their electrical properties and sound field characteristics were also examined. A speaker’s resonance frequency was estimated theoretically as a function of tuck depth. The measured resonance frequencies were, for example, 200, 160, 90, and 60 Hz. These low resonance frequencies are satisfactory for full-range loudspeaker use. Frequency characteristics of output sound pressure were also measured. They still include some irregularities that are attributable to a local bending resonance of the diaphragm. This paper examines the control methods for those irregularities.
STRUCTURE OF CARBENE, CH<sub>2</sub> (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSTRUCTURE OF CARBENE, CH2Philip S. Skell and Robert C. WoodworthCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 17, 4496–4497Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01598a087https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01598a087research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1425Altmetric-Citations190LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tuning of Thermo-responsive Self-Assembly Monolayers on Gold for Cell-Type-Specific Control of Adhesion (2008)

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold containing a thermo-responsive poly( N-isopropylacrylamide)-poly(ethylene glycol)-thiol copolymer were formed. These layers show considerable potential for inducing enzyme-free and gentle detachment of cultivated cells. In an effort to optimize detachment of cells, including strongly adhering ones, two approaches are presented. First, two thermo-responsive copolymers with different poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) contents of 15 wt % ("P15") and 19 wt % ("P19") were grafted to Au surfaces. Second, mixed monolayers were formed containing P19 and various concentrations of thiol bearing PEG. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) on pure and mixed P19 containing layers confirmed the expected layer compositions. Contact angle measurements showed good functionality of all surfaces prepared. Upon a temperature decrease below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST), the duration until cultivated fibroblasts detached from pure P19 surfaces was half of the one determined on P15. Strongly adherent human osteosarcoma cells could not be detached from pure P19 layers. Through co-adsorption of P19 and thiol-bearing PEG of a molar composition of 1:6, layers were formed that allowed good spreading of osteosarcoma cells above LCST and their efficient detachment below LCST.
Electron beam and optical depth profiling of quasibulk GaN (2000)

Electron beam and optical depth profiling of thick (5.5–64 μm) quasibulk n-type GaN samples, grown by hydride vapor-phase epitaxy, were carried out using electron beam induced current (EBIC), microphotoluminescence (PL), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The minority carrier diffusion length, L, was found to increase linearly from 0.25 μm, at a distance of about 5 μm from the GaN/sapphire interface, to 0.63 μm at the GaN surface, for a 36-μm-thick sample. The increase in L was accompanied by a corresponding increase in PL band-to-band radiative transition intensity as a function of distance from the GaN/sapphire interface. We attribute the latter changes in PL intensity and minority carrier diffusion length to a reduced carrier mobility and lifetime at the interface, due to scattering at threading dislocations. The results of EBIC and PL measurements are in good agreement with the values for dislocation density obtained using TEM.
Optical filters from photonic band gap air bridges (1996)

Surrounding waveguides by air reduces radiation losses so the air bridge geometry can produce optical filters with sharp transmission resonances and very wide stop bands.
Quantitative analysis of transcription and RNA levels of 15 barley chloroplast genes. Transcription rates and mRNA levels vary over 300-fold; predicted mRNA stabilities vary 30-fold. (1992)

Higher plant plastid genomes encode rRNAs, tRNAs, and protein subunits of the RNA polymerase, ribosomes, and the photosynthetic apparatus which vary over 1000-fold in abundance. Quantitative analysis of transcription and RNA levels was carried out on 15 plastid genes which are located in 14 different transcription units covering 50% of the barley plastid genome. Transcription of 16S rRNA, trnfM-trnG, and trnK was high relative to most other plastid genes. Transcription of trnfM-trnG was 5 times greater than trnK indicating that differences in tRNA levels in plastids could be due, in part, to differences in transcription. Among the protein coding genes, mRNA levels varied over 900-fold and transcription over 300-fold. The gene showing the lowest transcription rate and mRNA level, rpoB, is located in a gene cluster which encodes subunits of the plastid RNA polymerase (rpoB-rpoC1-rpoC2). RpoA, which encodes the alpha subunit of the RNA polymerase, was located in a gene cluster encoding ribosomal proteins (rpl23, rps19, rpl16) and infA. RNA from this gene cluster is 30-fold more abundant than rpoB mRNA, suggesting that expression of rpoA is regulated at the level of translation or protein stability. Polycistronic operons encoding subunits of the photosynthetic apparatus (psbB-psbH-petB-petD; psbK-psbI-psbD-psbC; atpB-atpE; psaA-psaB) had higher transcription rates and correspondingly higher mRNA levels than genes which encode ribosomal proteins or RNA polymerase subunits. RbcL and psbA, which are located in separate transcription units, exhibited the highest transcription rates and mRNA levels. Correspondence between transcription rate, mRNA level, and protein abundance indicates that transcription is a primary determinant of barley plastid gene expression. In addition, a 30-fold variation in predicted mRNA stability was observed which further increases the dynamic range of plastid mRNA abundance.
Surface Chemistry of Deinking Process-Effects of Nonionic Deinking Agents and Fatty Acids on Foaming Properties in Flotation Deinking of Old Magazine- (2004)

雑誌古紙の配合の増加に伴う泡トラブルの対策の一環として，古紙および脱墨剤の発泡性について，脱墨剤の動的表面張力と泡立ちの関係および脂肪酸添加効果について調べた。雑誌古紙を新聞古紙に50％配合することにより，フローテーションでのフロス液量が1．5倍に増加した。処理前のパルプを分析した結果，灰分および濁度が増加し，ゼータ電位がより小さくなり，カチオン要求量および表面張力が低下していた。系内に泡に吸着されやすく泡沫を安定させる灰分が増加すること，疎水性の溶存物質が増加することから，雑誌古紙配合パルプは泡立ちやすく泡切れにくいことが判った。これらの結果から，雑誌古紙には，従来よりも泡立ちの低い脱墨剤が効果的と考えられた。脱墨剤水溶液の動的表面張力を測定し発泡性との関係を調べた結果，初期動的表面張力の高い脱墨剤ほど発泡性が低いことが判った。初期動的表面張力の高い脱墨剤は，複数の成分からなる混合物であり脂肪酸を含んでいた。脂肪酸の添加により，脱墨剤水溶液の動的表面張力が高くなり泡立ち難くなることが明らかとなった。ステアリン酸／パルミチン酸混合物とオレイン酸は，共に動的表面張力の上昇効果があるものの，表面粘弾性については異なる挙動を示していた。ステアリン酸／パルミチン酸混合物を添加した系では，時間の経過と共に表面粘弾性が変化したが，オレイン酸を添加した系では変化が無かった。従って，融点の高い固体状のステアリン酸／パルミチン酸混合物と融点の低い液状のオレイン酸では，異なる作用機構が働いていると推測された。動的表面張力を指標として適切な脱墨剤を選定することで，雑誌古紙の発泡性を低減でき，高い白色度の高品質DIPを得ることができると考えられた。
Microelectrode arrays based on carbon nanomaterials: emerging electrochemical sensors for biological and environmental applications (2013)

We present an overview of the recent advances pertaining to microelectrode arrays (MEAs) constructed from carbon-based nanomaterials, especially aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs). The electrochemical and chemical activities of carbon nanomaterials depend on the microstructures, especially the graphitic edge plane sites. This review focuses on the electrochemical behavior associated with the microstructures and arrangement of the MEAs. Coupling plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) with catalyst patterning techniques, low-density CNTs and individually addressable CNFs have been developed for multimode recordings with high temporal and spatial resolution. By introducing a nanowire core along the axis of CNFs to facilitate electron transfer, core–shell TiO2/C and TiC/C nanofiber arrays have been fabricated and exhibit inner core-dependent electrochemical behaviors. The TiC/C nanofibers show excellent electrochemical behavior due to good electrical contact as well as the conducting nanowire core that offers an ideal transport pathway for electrons. Applications of carbon nanomaterials to electrochemical sensors, ranging from biomolecules to inorganic ions from biological and environmental samples, are discussed.
Individual cell sorting. (1979)

Current cell sorting machines do not preserve the individual identity of processed cells; after analysis, the cells are assigned to a subpopulation where they are pooled with other similar cells. This paper reports progress on a system that sorts cells individually to precise locations on a microscope slide and preserves them for further observation with a light microscope while recording flow measurement data for each cell. Various electronic and mechanical modifications to an existing sorting machine are described that increase drop placement accuracy and permit individual cell sorting.
Familial and iatrogenic cortisol receptor resistance. (1989)

A family is described in which the father, a daughter, and two sons had cortisol receptor resistance. Hirsutism, skull baldness, and menstrual irregularities existed only in the female patient, while all three males were asymptomatic. The syndrome was transmitted via a dominant autosomal trait. A lowered dexamethasone affinity and a lowered number of glucocorticoid receptors were detected on the peripheral mononuclear leukocytes of the female patient. Chronic administration of the glucocorticoid receptor-blocking agent mifepristone (RU 38486) to normal individuals resulted in resetting of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis at a higher level, while the diurnal rhythm of cortisol and the responsiveness to corticotropin releasing factor remained present. In four postmenopausal women this resulted in a considerable increase in circulating androstenedione levels (and eventually of estradiol levels). This iatrogenic RU 38486-induced biochemical syndrome is similar and difficult to differentiate from familial cortisol receptor resistance. Among a group of patients with so-called "idiopathic hirsutism," four patients were recognized with elevated androstenedione and (slightly) elevated cortisol levels which showed abnormalities in the affinity and/or number of glucocorticoid receptors on their peripheral mononuclear leukocytes. Therefore it is hypothesized that the syndrome of (partial) glucocorticoid receptor resistance is far more common than currently thought, especially among the group of patients with so-called "idiopathic hirsutism."