gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shelf-lives and factors affecting the stability of morphine sulphate and meperidine (pethidine) hydrochloride in plastic syringes for use in patient-controlled analgesic devices (1994)

Published reports regarding the stability of morphine are at variance, especially in syringes used in patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) devices. In addition to the effects of container type and vehicle, reasons for this variation include the effect of excipients temperature and light during storage. Furthermore, the literature varies regarding the mechanisms of decomposition for morphine. To our knowledge, the stability of meperidine (pethidine) stored in plastic syringes has not been reported. The purposes of this study were to investigate the stability of morphine sulphate (1 and 5 mg/ml) and meperidine hydrochloride (5 and 10 mg/ml) in plastic syringes for use in PCA devices for a duration of 12 weeks, and evaluate the influence of light (240 foot-candles), temperature (-20, 4 and 23 degrees C), diluent (5% dextrose or normal saline), and drug concentration on the stability of these narcotic analgesics. Samples were taken bi-weekly for solutions protected from light and weekly for solutions exposed to light. Morphine sulphate and meperidine hydrochloride concentrations were quantified using independent, stability-indicating, high performance liquid chromatographic assays. The within-day and between-day coefficients of variation for these assays were < or = 4% over each of the concentration ranges studied. Under the conditions of this study, it is proposed that although decomposition of morphine to its main product, pseudomorphine, can be interpreted using first-order kinetics, consecutive (to form the N-oxide) and parallel mechanisms (to form apomorphine) exist. Morphine solutions were more stable in normal saline than in 5% dextrose. Shelf-life data indicate that morphine is stable for at least 6 weeks when protected from light.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Free‐breathing, motion‐corrected, highly efficient whole heart T<sub>2</sub> mapping at 3T with hybrid radial‐cartesian trajectory (2015)

The proposed whole heart T2 mapping approach can be performed within 5 min with similar accuracy to that of the 2D-BH T2 mapping approach.
Marginal integrity of pit and fissure sealants. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the marginal adaptation before and after in vitro thermal and mechanical stressing. (2003)

This research quantitatively evaluated the marginal adaptation of pit and fissure sealants. The occlusal surfaces of 48 intact, caries-free human molars were cleaned with an air-abrasion unit. The teeth were then randomly divided into eight groups of six teeth each according to the type of enamel conditioning, sealant material applied and curing unit used. After applying either 40% phosphoric acid gel (K-etch, Kuraray Co) or a self-etching primer adhesive system (Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray Co), sealant materials of two viscosities were applied (Teethmate F-1 and Protect-Liner-F, Kuraray Co) and cured with halogen (Optilux 500, Demetron) or plasma arc (Apollo-95E, Dental & Medical Diagnostic Systems, Ltd) curing units. The marginal adaptation of the pit and fissure sealant restorations was evaluated by using a computer-assisted quantitative margin analysis in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) on epoxy replicas before and after thermal and mechanical stressing of the teeth. The results were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a confidence level of 95% (p=0.05). A post-hoc Tukey HSD-test was used for multiple pairwise comparisons between groups. The null hypothesis was that there was no statistically significant difference between the groups that were tested in this study. The statistically significant differences between groups were more pronounced after loading. In most cases, the self-etching adhesive system (SE Bond) proved as effective as phosphoric acid etching (K-etch). The low viscosity sealant material (Teethmate F-1), in most cases, exhibited better marginal adaptation than the high viscosity material (Protect-Liner F). The high viscosity material performed equally well only when used in combination with the self-etching primer adhesive system as an intermediate layer. The halogen curing unit (Optilux 500) led to better marginal adaptation than the plasma arc curing unit (Apollo 95E), especially after thermal and mechanical stressing.
Application of Senofilcon A Contact Lenses for Therapeutic Bandage Lens Indications (2013)

Senofilcon A contact lenses are successful in the majority of cases when used for providing protection of corneal exposure and recurrent damage, pain management, barrier protection, and postsurgical management.
Counting echoes: Application of a complete reciprocal‐space description of NMR spin dynamics (1998)

A complete reciprocal-space formalism for describing the spatial aspects of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spin dynamics in the presence of hard radiofrequency (RF) pulses and linear-refocusing inhomogeneities is reviewed. The formalism demonstrates how the magnetization in a sample can be decomposed into a linear combination of simple basis functions consisting of helical phase modulations in the transverse plane and sinusoidal amplitude modulations along the principal axis of symmetry. It is shown that plotting the evolution of the spatial Fourier variable for each basis function provides a simple way to compute both the number of echoes resulting from any multipulse experiment and when the echoes will form. The maximum number of echoes possible for a sequence of n hard RF pulses with 90°; flip angles and with arbitrary flip angles, both under the action of a time-invariant linear Iz Hamiltonian, is computed using this formalism. A simple criterion for the delay time necessary between pulses to observe the maximum number of echoes is presented. Experimental results are shown for pulse sequences of up to four pulses. ©1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 10: 331–341, 1998
Syndromes of bilateral symmetrical polymicrogyria. (1999)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A number of anatomicoclinical syndromes have been described in which bilateral symmetrical polymicrogyria is the underlying morphologic abnormality. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical, epileptic, and morphologic manifestations of bilateral symmetrical polymicrogyria in 21 patients to determine whether certain areas are at particular risk for these syndromes. METHODS: Clinical records and brain MR studies of 21 patients with bilateral symmetrical polymicrogyria were reviewed to confirm the presence and determine the location of polymicrogyria and to qualitatively correlate location with developmental, neurologic, and epileptic histories. The locations we found were compared with published reports of bilateral symmetrical polymicrogyria to determine whether these locations were random or whether predilections exist for certain areas. RESULTS: Analysis revealed six patients with bilateral frontal polymicrogyria, nine with bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria, one with bilateral parietal polymicrogyria, one with bilateral parasagittal parieto-occipital polymicrogyria, two with bilateral frontal polymicrogyria and bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria, one with bilateral perisylvian and bilateral parasagittal parieto-occipital polymicrogyria, and one with bilateral perisylvian, bilateral parieto-occipital, and bilateral parasagittal parieto-occipital polymicrogyria. Symptom complexes were nonspecific, but seemed additive according to the regions of brain involved. CONCLUSION: Bilateral symmetrical polymicrogyria has a propensity to develop in specific regions of the cerebral cortex. When the regions are extensive, the areas involved often appear to be simple topological additions of those regions. These locations and the identification of several familial cases raise the possibility that genetic mechanisms influence the development of these malformations in some patients.
Preparation, characterization, and catalytic activity of a new solid acid catalyst system (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation, characterization, and catalytic activity of a new solid acid catalyst systemEdward E. Getty and Russell S. DragoCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1990, 29, 6, 1186–1192Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00331a016Request reuse permissionsArticle Views493Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (969 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fast error-correcting Newton-Raphson dividers using time shared TMR (2002)

Many implementations of division are based on the Newton-Raphson method, as it quickly converges to a solution and can often utilize a multiplier that is already on chip. Applying time shared triple modular redundancy (TSTMR) to such a divider allows the use of a smaller multiplier and requires triplicating the divider circuit. The smaller multiplier completes larger multiplications in several cycles using feedback registers. While this reduces the size of the fault tolerant divider over that of traditional TMR, there is a substantial penalty to latency. However, because early stages of the algorithm do not require high-precision multiplications, and rounding the quotient by computing the inverse function does not require a full-precision multiplication, the algorithm can be modified to reduce multiplication cycles. The resulting error-correcting dividers can be both faster and smaller than fault-tolerant dividers using traditional TMR.
BIAS detection and identification in dynamic data reconciliation (2001)

Measured process data inherently contain inaccurate information since the measurements are obtained with imperfect instruments. Data reconciliation is the process of treating a set of measured data so that the derived values obey natural laws. Extensive research has been carried out on static data reconciliation techniques. Much less research however has been directed towards the reconciliation of dynamic data. The problem of identification of systematic bias in dynamic processes has been addressed by a handful of researchers. This paper presents a new algorithm for the detection and identification of systematic bias. The algorithm is used in conjunction with dynamic data reconciliation and applied to a simulated process plant consisting of two Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTR) connected in series. The results show that the new algorithm, which is practical and intuitive, is capable of accurately detecting and identifying systematic bias.
Benzotriazole- and 1,2,4-Triazole-Stabilized Allylic Anions:  Applications in Syntheses of Functionalized α,β-Unsaturated Ketones, γ-Lactones, γ-Lactams, and β-Substituted Esters (1997)

Deprotonated 1-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-1-ethoxy-2-hexene (7) reacted with alkyl halides, aldehydes, ketones, imines, and alpha,beta-unsaturated esters to give exclusively the alpha-alkylated products 8a-c, 10a,b, 12, 14, 16, and 18a,b, respectively. Without isolation, these products were hydrolyzed under mild conditions to generate the corresponding simple or functionalized alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones 9a-c, 11a,b, 13, 15, 17, and 19a,b. Similar reactions with the phenyl-substituted analog 3-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-3-ethoxy-1-phenyl-1-propene (21) also gave the analogous alpha-products, but they were accompanied by small amount of the gamma-products in most cases. By contrast, deprotonation of the corresponding triazole derivative 29 with butyllithium followed by reactions with alkyl halides, aldehydes, ketones, or imines yielded exclusively gamma-alkylated adducts 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, and 42. Intermediates 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, and 42 were readily converted into beta-substituted esters 33a-c, gamma-lactones 35a,b, 39, 41, and 43, and gamma-lactams 37a-c on hydrolysis.
Letter to Lemuel Shaw from Charles Folsom , July 4, 1833 (1833)

Charles Folsom, scholar, editor, and Harvard professor, wrote this letter to Lemuel Shaw, who was president of the Phi Beta Kappa Society at the time (1832-1837).
Middle-down electron capture dissociation and electron transfer dissociation for histone analysis (2015)

Abstract The post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histones play a major role in activating or silencing gene transcription. To gain better understanding of the interplay between the PTMs that occur on histones, they are extensively studied using mass spectrometry techniques. Due to the abundance of lysines and arginines, the typical trypsin digestion has been found less favorable and GluC-digests have been explored as an alternative to yield larger peptides amenable to middle-down approaches. In addition, the use of weak cation exchange hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (WCX-HILIC) and the use of electron-based fragmentation techniques were found to be advantageous for the in-depth characterization of histone variants containing multiple PTMs. As a test model, we used histones from MEL (murine erythroleukemia) cells treated with butyric acid or DMSO. After acid extraction, histone pellets were dried and fractionated using a reversed-phase C3 column. For middle-down analysis, selected histone fractions were digested using GluC. The digested samples were separated on a WCX-HILIC capillary column packed in-house with PolyCAT A resin, coupled to a linear trap quadrupole Fourier transformation ion cyclotron resonance (LTQFT-ICR) instrument. Raw data was acquired on the LTQFT-ICR using electron capture dissociation (ECD). After deconvolution of the raw data, we generated heatmaps to illustrate differential maps between differentially treated histone samples. We also explored the innovative use of Skyline to quantify histone tails. In addition, we report some preliminary data using a synthetic histone peptide acquired on an Orbitrap Fusion using electron transfer dissociation (ETD). Both, ECD and ETD methods are capable of comprehensively analyzing complex histone variations not accessible with conventional techniques.
Parallel assessment of globin lentiviral transfer in induced pluripotent stem cells and adult hematopoietic stem cells derived from the same transplanted β-thalassemia patient (2013)

A patient with β(E)/β(0) -thalassemia major was converted to transfusion-independence 4.5 years ago by lentiviral gene transfer in hematopoietic stem cells while showing a myeloid-biased cell clone. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a potential alternative source of hematopoietic stem cells. If fetal to adult globin class, switching does not occur in vivo in iPSC-derived erythroid cells, β-globin gene transfer would be unnecessary. To investigate both vector integration skewing and the potential use of iPSCs for the treatment of thalassemia, we derived iPSCs from the thalassemia gene therapy patient and compared iPSC-derived hematopoietic cells to their natural isogenic somatic counterparts. In NSG immunodeficient mice, embryonic to fetal and a partial fetal to adult globin class switching were observed, indicating that the gene transfer is likely necessary for iPSC-based therapy of the β-hemoglobinopathies. Lentivector integration occurred in regions of low and high genotoxicity. Surprisingly, common integration sites (CIS) were identified across those iPSCs and cells retrieved from isogenic and nonisogenic gene therapy patients with β-thalassemia and adrenoleukodystrophy, respectively. This suggests that CIS observed in the absence of overt tumorigenesis result from nonrandom lentiviral integration rather than oncogenic in vivo selection. These findings bring the use of iPSCs closer to practicality and further clarify our interpretation of genome-wide lentivector integration.
Design of hopping Mechanism for a kangaroo-bionic robot (2016)

This paper presents a design of a bionic robot inspired by the hopping locomotion of kangaroo including the hopping and transmission mechanisms. The jumping movement can be realized by the hopping mechanism while the transmission mechanism is used to transmit energy from the power source to the spring and release energy when necessary. The kinematic equations of the robot at take-off phase are established. Characteristics of the displacement and the velocity of the center of mass and supporting force during take-off are analyzed as well as the energy conversion efficiency of the robot. The simulation results show that the mechanical structure of the kangaroo-bionic hopping robot is well designed to meet the bionic hopping characteristics and has a high energy conversion efficiency.
Characterization of acid-base catalysts through model reactions (2018)

Physicochemical methods are frequently used for characterizing the acid-base catalysts which are involved in many industrial processes, with the problem of large differences between their operating conditions and those of catalytic reactions. This drawback does not exist with model reactions, their use demanding essentially a thorough knowledge of their mechanism: intermediates, characteristics of the active sites: nature (acid, base, acid base), strength, density, environment and their effect on the reaction rate. The contribution of model reactions of hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, methylbenzenes) and functional compounds (alcohols, 2-methylbut-3-yn-2-ol, acetone) in the characterization of various acid-base catalysts: oxides (SiO2-Al2O3, Al2O3, MgO, etc.) and zeolites, is critically evaluated.
Algorithms for handling skew in parallel task scheduling (2003)

Presents two new algorithms, the LPT-MinHeight (LPTMH) algorithm and the Split-LPT (SLPT) algorithm, for handling skew in parallel task scheduling. Both algorithms are based on the LPT (Largest Processing Time first) algorithm. The worst case imbalance for the LPTMH algorithm never exceeds 1/(e-1)<or=0.582, while the worst case imbalance for the SLPT algorithm is (p-1)/(p+1)<1. Both LPTMH and SLPT take make less running time than other competing algorithms. Results of experiments show that the SLPT algorithm performs better on the average than the LPTMH algorithm and as well as other known algorithms. A concrete example of the PITS problem arises when the database join operation is parallelized. The join is an important but expensive operation in relational systems and significant improvements in response time may be attained by parallelizing the join.<<ETX>>
Multiobjective optimization in the design of broadband arrays based on aperiodic tilings (2008)

Planar antenna arrays based on certain categories of aperiodic tilings have been shown to exhibit several useful properties, including a wide bandwidth void of grating lobes, relatively low sidelobe levels, and sparse element distributions. While these arrays possess beneficial properties, their performance is basically limited by the corresponding set of prototiles that make up the tiling, i.e. the arrays tend to lack design flexibility. A design technique was recently introduced that circumvents this limitation of these arrays by incorporating additional parameters into the basic tiling generation process. With only a small number of parameters it is possible to greatly vary the geometry, and consequently the radiation properties, of aperiodic tiling arrays. This technique has been combined with a genetic algorithm (GA) to generate planar arrays with bandwidths up to 22:1. With successful single-objective optimizations carried out, a natural extension of this technique is to expand its application to multiobjective designs. In this paper examples will be presented for arrays that were optimized to achieve two design objectives: a desired number of elements within a given aperture and minimum sidelobes at a specified frequency. The conventional GA that was utilized in the single-objective optimizations was replaced by a multiple objective genetic algorithm (MOGA), which is much more adept at handling such a design problem. Optimized array examples with bandwidths up to 7.35:1 and a targeted number of elements will be presented.
Experimental study on coal reburning dynamic process for NO_x reduction (2007)

The microscale process of NOx reduction by coal reburning was investigated on a fixed-bed reactor and the NOx reduction efficiencies at different oxygen levels were studied.The results showed that there are three stages in the coal reburning process.The first stage is the early NO formation of reburning coal,the second one is the NO homogeneous reduction by volatile matter and the last one is the NO heterogeneous reduction by coal char.The first stage and the third stage are insensitive to the change of oxygen fraction in the main stream,while the NO homogeneous reduction by volatile matter is very sensitive to the change of atmosphere composition.With the increase of oxygen fraction in main stream during coal reburning,NO reduction efficiency decreases.The oxygen fraction of 8% is the critical value for determining the effectivity of NO reduction.When oxygen fraction is larger than 8%,NO will be formed by the reburning coal other than reduced in the main stream.In order to obtain valuable NO reduction efficiency by coal reburning,oxygen fraction should be smaller than 5%,and the corresponding stoichiometric ratio of volatile(SRV) should be smaller than 0.8.Quantitative analysis by integral of the NO curves at different conditions shows that the volatile matter is the main contributor to the NO reduction under fuel-rich condition and to the formation of NO under fuel-lean condition.An empirical equation of NO reduction efficiency at different atmosphere for Shenhua coal reburning was also presented.
Chronic Hyperperfusion and Angiogenesis Follow Subacute Hypoperfusion in the Thalamus of Rats with Focal Cerebral Ischemia (2010)

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is disrupted after focal ischemia in rats. We examined long-term hemodynamic and cerebrovascular changes in the rat thalamus after focal cerebral ischemia. Cerebral blood flow quantified by arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging was decreased in the ipsilateral and contralateral thalamus 2 days after cerebral ischemia. Partial thalamic CBF recovery occurred by day 7, then the ipsilateral thalamus was chronically hyperperfused at 30 days and 3 months compared with its contralateral side. This contrasted with permanent hypoperfusion in the ipsilateral cortex. Angiogenesis was indicated by endothelial cell (RECA-1) immunohistochemistry that showed increased blood vessel branching in the ipsilateral thalamus at the end of the 3-month follow-up. Only transient thalamic IgG extravasation was observed, indicating that the blood-brain barrier was intact after day 2. Angiogenesis was preceded by transiently altered expression levels of cadherin family adhesion molecules, cadherin-7, protocadherin-1, and protocadherin-17. In conclusion, thalamic pathology after focal cerebral ischemia involved long-term hemodynamic changes and angiogenesis preceded by altered expression of vascular adhesion factors. Postischemic angiogenesis in the thalamus represents a novel type of remote plasticity, which may support removal of necrotic brain tissue and aid functional recovery.