gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Cementing Materials for Use in Blended Cements (1996)

Blended cements have been used extensively in Europe but are not commonly used in North America, where supplementary cementing materials are generally added directly to concrete. However, interest in blended cements in North America is growing because of such advantages to the manufacturer as increased production capacity, reduced carbon dioxide emissions, and reduced fuel consumption. Blended cements offer a number of potential advantages to the user as well. These include optimized chemistry for sulfate resistance, optimized particle size distributions for low water demand and the desired reactivity, optimized strength characteristics, and superior quality control. However, these benefits are not an automatic result of combining clinker with one or more supplementary cementing materials. There is a distinct possibility of making blended cements that are inferior to portland cement if they are not optimized. This report describes the characteristics of the various components that can be used in blended cements and discusses in detail the mechanisms by which they affect each other and the behavior of concrete.
Improved red blood cell storage using optional additive systems (OAS) containing adenine, glucose and ascorbate‐2‐phosphate (1981)

Red blood cells were treated with optional additive system (OAS) solutions to provide component‐specific metabolic enhancement for improved storage. Red blood cell viability, as monitored by ATP concentrations, was maintained by use of adenine and extra glucose. Red blood cell oxygen offloading characteristics were improved by maintenance of red blood cell 2,3‐DPG concentrations with ascorbate‐2‐ phosphate (AsP). The use of CPD‐collected red blood cells with an OAS containing adenine, glucose, and AsP, or CPD‐adenine collected red blood cells with an OAS containing AsP demonstrates the potential to store red blood cells at least 42 days and to maintain red blood cell 2,3‐DPG.
Power Reactor Experiments (1965)

"Power Reactor Experiments." Nuclear Science and Engineering, 21(1), p. 129 Additional informationNotes on contributorsArthur W. FlynnAbout the Reviewer: Arthur W. Flynn is with Ebasco Services, Inc., where he is Engineer-in- Charge for test loops and applied research and development for the 250 000 kWt Advanced Test Reactor. He has worked on a plant design using the freezing process for desalination, and has consulted and done engineering on various nuclear power projects.
The bionomics of the South African citrus psylla, Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio) (Homoptera: Psyllidae) I. The influence of the flushing rhythm of citrus and factors which regulate flushing (1969)

Field studies in the eastern Transvaal and Swaziland citrus areas showed that population fluctuations of the citrus psylla, Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio) are correlated with the flushing rhythm of its citrus host. The prolonged flushing of trees in the cooler, moister upland areas which have a high incidence of the greening disease, was found to be more favourable to T. erytreae than the shorter, well-defined flush cycles which characterize the arid, lowland areas where greening is absent or uncommon. There were 6-7 distinct field generations per annum, the synchrony of emergent adults with growth cycles being of importance to the population.
Effects of toothbrushing force on the mineral content and demineralized organic matrix of eroded dentine (2009)

Eroded dentine has a complex histological structure, and its organic fraction becomes increasingly exposed as a result of the continual action of acids. The present study sought to investigate the effects of brushing forces up to 4 N on mineralized and organic dentine fractions. The study was a cyclic demineralization and remineralization experiment (carried out over 9 d). Erosion was performed with HCl (6 x 2 min d-1), pH 1.6. Samples exposed to erosion alone served as controls; test samples were eroded and brushed with a powered toothbrush (2 x 15 s d-1), applying forces of 2, 3, or 4 N. Samples were analysed (using profilometry and longitudinal microradiography) before and after the removal of superficial organic material with collagenase. Randomly selected samples were subjected to scanning electron microscopy. Demineralized organic material was present on all samples regardless of brushing force. Loss values (determined using profilometry) after erosion only, and after brushing with forces of 2, 3, and 4 N, were 11.7 +/- 5.1, 13.6 +/- 11.2, 30.7 +/- 19.0, and 25.5 +/- 20.3, respectively, before treatment with collagenase, and 111.7 +/- 11.6, 122.0 +/- 11.8, 121.9 +/- 15.7, and 123.0 +/- 12.0, respectively, after treatment with collagenase. Microradiography confirmed the results. Significant effects of brushing force were only found on the demineralized organic fraction, and mineral loss was unaffected. The notion that eroded dentine is particularly prone to abrasion should be reconsidered.
Origin of apparent viscosity in yield stress fluids below yielding (2009)

For more than 20 years it has been debated if yield stress fluids are solid below the yield stress or actually flow; whether true yield stress fluids exist or not. Advocates of the true yield stress picture have demonstrated that the effective viscosity increases very rapidly as the stress is decreased towards the yield stress. Opponents have shown that this viscosity increase levels off, and that the material behaves as a Newtonian fluid of very high viscosity below the yield stress. In this paper, we demonstrate experimentally (on four different materials, using three different rheometers, five different geometries, and two different measurement methods) that the low-stress Newtonian viscosity is an artifact that arises in non-steady-state experiments. For measurements as long as 10 4 seconds we find that the value of the "Newtonian viscosity" increases indefinitely. This proves that the yield stress exists and marks a sharp transition between flowing states and states where the steady-state viscosity is infinite -a solid!
Time Course of Complete Normalization of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy During Long-Term Antihypertensive Therapy With Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (1998)

Metaanalyses have indicated that ACE inhibitors are more effective than other first-line therapies in reducing left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). The average treatment period, however, was only approximately 6 months. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to clarify the time course and degree of reversal, and primarily to find out in how many patients a complete normalization of LVH can be achieved. Secondly, we sought to determine whether atrial enlargement can be reduced. Previously untreated hypertensive patients (mean age 46.3 +/- 9 years, eight women, 15 men) with echocardiographically confirmed LVH (left ventricular mass index ([LVMI] > 125 g/m2 for men; > 110 g/m2 for women) were prospectively treated over a 3-year treatment period with quinapril. Nine patients received 10 mg quinapril, 12 received 20 mg of quinapril daily, and five patients additionally received 25 mg hydrochlorothiazide. The time course of changes in LVMI, relative wall thickness, left atrial size, fractional shortening, and diastolic function was evaluated and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and an exercise test were performed every 6 months. After a mean treatment period of only 7.5 months, there was a significant (P < .001), 17.5% decrease in LVMI with a further continuous and significant (P < .001) decrease of 38.6% after 38.3 +/- 3 months of therapy. In 90.5% of the patients a complete reversal of LVH was achieved. Fractional shortening increased significantly, the maximum being 14.6% after 38.3 +/- 3 months. The peak early/atrial velocity (E/A) ratio increased significantly (P < .01) after just 7.5 +/- 3.1 months with no further changes during follow-up. There seemed to be a parallel change with the decrease in left atrial dimension, where the most important decrease occurred after only 7.5 +/- 3.1 months (P < .01), with a further continuous reduction. Our study clearly shows that maximum reversal of LVH is a time-consuming process and that an essential goal of antihypertensive therapy should be not only a reduction in LVH but also a normalization in LV mass, left atrial size, and in diastolic dysfunction.
흙의 밀도(密度)와 함수비(含水比)가 전단강도(剪斷强度)에 미치는 영향(影響) (1978)

흙의 전단강도(剪斷强度) 옹벽(擁壁)이나 사면(斜面)의 안정(安定) 혹은 구조물기초(構造物基礎)의 설계등(設計等)의 문제(問題)를 해결(解決)하는데 중요(重要)한 것으로 알려져 있다. 직접전단시험기(直接剪斷試驗機)는 수직응력(垂直應力)의 불균일성(不均一性), 진행성파괴(進行性破壞), 측면마찰(側面摩擦)의 영향등(影響等)에 대(對)하여 해결(解決)하여야 할 문제(問題)를 내포(內包)하고 있다. 그러나 본시험(本試驗)에서는 그의 장치(裝置)가 간편(簡便)하여 널리 사용(使用)되고 있는 직접전단시험기(直接剪斷試驗機)를 사용(使用)하여 밀도(密度)와 함수비(含水比)를 변화(變化)시키면서 비배수(非排水) 급속전단시험(急速剪斷試驗)을 하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 건조밀도(乾燥密度)가 증가(增加)함에 딸라 전단강도(剪斷强度)는 큰 값을 나타내고 같은 밀도(密度)에서도 입도배합(粒度配合)이 양호(良好)한 흙에서 전단강도(剪斷强度)는 큰 값을 나타냈다. 2. 점착력(粘着力)은 건조밀도(乾燥密度)가 커짐에 따라 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)을 나타냈으나 내부마찰각(內部摩擦角)은 일률적(一律的)인 증가(增加)의 경향(傾向)이 나타나지 않았다. 3. 함수비(含水比)가 증가(增加)함에 따라 전단강도(剪斷强度)는 감소(減少)하였고 이와같은 현상(現象)은 입도배합(粒度配合)이 양호(良好)한 흙에서 더욱 현저하게 나타났다. 4. 점착력(粘着力)은 흙의 함수비(含水比)가 최적함수비(最適含水比)에 가까울 때 최대(最大)로 되고, 내부마찰각(內部摩擦角) 함수비(含水比)가 증가(增加)함에 따라 감소(減少)하였다. 이와같은 현상(現象)은 입도배합(粒度配合)이 양호(良好)한 SDC-1 시료(試料)에서 더욱 현저하게 나타났다. 5. 점착력(粘着力)은 공극비(空隙比)가 증가(增加)함에 따라 감소(減少)하였고 내부마찰각(內部摩擦角)은 이와 같은 경향(傾向)이 나타나지 않았다. 【It has been known that the shear strength of soil is an important design parameter for the foundation of structures, the retaining walls, the slope failures and so forth. In this study, the shear test was performed by using the direct shear apparatus under various degree of the moisture content and the density of the sample soils. The results of the study were summarized as follows; 1. The shear strength of soil increased with increase in the dry density of soil, and at the same level of density of the sample the shear strength of soil showed large values on a good grading of the sample. 2. The cohesion of the soil varied directly with the dry density of it, however the internal friction angle of soil was not affected by the dry density of tile sample. 3. The shear strength of sample varied inversly with the moisture content of it, and this phenomenon was apparent on a good grad ing of sample. 4. The cohesion of soil showed maximum value when the moisture content of the soil reached optimum level and the internal friction angle decreased with increase in the moisture content of it. These phenomena were very obvious on a good grading sample, SDC-1. 5. The cohesion of the soil decreased with increase in void ratio of the sample, but the internal friction angle of the sample didn't show such tendency.】
The arginine-dependent cytolytic mechanism plays a role in destruction of Naegleria fowleri amoebae by activated macrophages (1992)

Mouse peritoneal macrophages activated by different immunomodulators (Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin or Propionibacterium acnes) destroy Naegleria fowleri amoebae by a contact-dependent process and by soluble cytolytic molecules secreted by macrophages in response to lipopolysaccharide. The goal of this study was to determine whether the arginine-dependent cytolytic mechanism which results in the production of nitric oxide from arginine by activated macrophages destroys the amoebae. Amoebicidal activity of activated macrophages was determined by coculturing macrophages with N. fowleri amoebae radiolabeled with 3H-uridine. The percent specific release of radiolabel was used as an index of cytolysis of the amoebae. The inhibitors NG-monomethyl-L-arginine and arginase were used to determine whether the arginine pathway was a major effector mechanism responsible for amoebicidal activity of activated macrophages. Both the arginine analog NG-monomethyl-L-arginine and arginase, which breaks down arginine, decreased macrophage amoebicidal activity. Addition of arginine to arginine-free medium restores amoebicidal activity to activated macrophage cultures. These results demonstrate that the arginine pathway is an important mechanism for the destruction of susceptible N. fowleri amoebae.
Resonance Transfer of Electronic Energy in Organic Crystals (1949)

The resonance transfer of energy in crystals of organic compounds when excited by visible or ultra-violet light has been examined by measuring the fluorescence of the systems naphthalene-anthracene, anthracene-naphthacene, naphthacene-pentacene, anthracene-acridine, anthracene-phenazine, and anthracene-di- and hexabromobenzenes. The conditions for " exciton " trapping and the relations of resonance transfer to fluorescence quenching are discussed.
Characterization of <i>in situ</i> sintering of silver nanoparticles on commercial photo papers in inkjet printing (2018)

In the current research, we performed quantitative characterization of commercially available photo papers with respect to chemical composition and physical properties in order to find the preferred photo paper with the best electrical conductivity through in situ silver nanoparticle sintering. The composition ratio of chloride ions, surface roughness and pore size of the photo papers were quantitatively analyzed. The relationship of the above-mentioned parameters with the conductivity of the silver nanoparticle pattern formed on the printed surface was explored. The experimental results showed that chloride ions on the surface of photo papers activated the decomposition of a capping agent and sintering between the silver nanoparticles. It was also found that the chloride ions above a certain value did not affect the sintering. The surface roughness and pore size of the photo papers were found to be inversely related to the conductivity of electrode pattern. Moreover, it was found that additional heat treatment (for a relatively short time at a low temperature) contributed to the improvement of conductivity. However, this effect varied depending upon the characteristics of the photo papers. This newly developed inexpensive method using a highly accessible substrate will be very helpful for future paper electronics related devices and research.
Face Alignment by Local Deep Descriptor Regression (2016)

We present an algorithm for extracting key-point descriptors using deep convolutional neural networks (CNN). Unlike many existing deep CNNs, our model computes local features around a given point in an image. We also present a face alignment algorithm based on regression using these local descriptors. The proposed method called Local Deep Descriptor Regression (LDDR) is able to localize face landmarks of varying sizes, poses and occlusions with high accuracy. Deep Descriptors presented in this paper are able to uniquely and efficiently describe every pixel in the image and therefore can potentially replace traditional descriptors such as SIFT and HOG. Extensive evaluations on five publicly available unconstrained face alignment datasets show that our deep descriptor network is able to capture strong local features around a given landmark and performs significantly better than many competitive and state-of-the-art face alignment algorithms.
The emergence of Clostridium difficile infection in Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence and impact (2017)

In a meta-analysis of 51 studies, we observed similar rates of CDI in Asia in comparison to Europe and North America. Increased awareness and improved surveillance of Clostridium difficile is essential to reduce incidence and morbidity.
Ethics in an Aging Society. Harry R. Moody. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992. 288 pp. (1993)

A book review of Moody HR. Ethics in an Aging Society.
Investigation of a simple amperometric electrode system to rapidly quantify and detect bacteria in foods (1989)

A two electrode system mounted as a single probe was developed to measure electrochemically the rate of reduction of a redox mediator (thionine) by bacteria. The system gave a rapid (2 min) bacterial-dependent current above 2.5 x 10(5) cfu/ml with pure cultures of bacteria, but when applied to the measurement of the bacterial contamination in samples of meat and milk it was unable to detect or quantify the contamination reliably. Incubation of samples for a few hours before examination enabled the system to detect bacteria in excess of 10(6) cfu/ml.
Design of Next Generation Stationary Digital Breast Tomosynthesis System (2019)

Digital breast tomosynthesis is a three-dimensional mammography technique where scans are acquired at a limited angle and the projections are reconstructed. It overcomes the main limitation of mammography, which is tissue overlap, by providing improved depth resolution. The emerging technology still uses a conventional x-ray source based on thermionic emission that requires rotation of the source to cover the angular range. This thesis presents the design and characterization of a next generation stationary digital breast tomosynthesis system that uses a carbon nanotube-based (CNT-based) multi-pixel x-ray source. The CNT-based x-ray source eliminates the need for rotation of the x-ray tube and allows for higher temporal resolution because the pixels can be switched on instantaneously. The system will be able to operate at 30-60 kV and can be used for quasi-monochromatic imaging at a reasonable scan time in order to increase contrast between tissues of similar attenuation.
Laser-Induced Thrombi in Rat Mesenteric Vessels and Antithrombotic Drugs (1983)

A method to induce microthrombi in small mesenteric arteries (phi 15-25 microns) has been developed to study platelet reactions and to investigate antithrombotic drugs. A high power water immersion interference contrast system, based on a Leitz Orthoplan microscope, was used. In Nembutal-anesthetized male Wistar rats and in fawn hooded bleeder rats, vascular lesions were produced with a Hadron-512-Ruby-bio-laser or with a Coherent CR-2 supergraphite ion laser (Argon laser). The ruby laser produced intravascular precipitates consisting of proteins and erythrocytes which usually stuck to the vessel wall and on which platelets immediately adhered, transformed with pseudopode formation and formed loose aggregates. The Argon laser induced vascular damage, usually without intravascular heat precipitates which also led to platelet adhesion, transformation and aggregation. Fibrin threads rarely formed in the early platelet thrombi. Thrombus formation was significantly reduced in this model by dipyridamole (10 mg/kg orally), by Ditazole (50 mg/kg orally), heparin (100 IU/kg i.v.), Molsidomine (50 mg/kg orally), Nafazatrom (Bay G 6575, 10 mg/kg i.v. and orally), Ticlopidine (100 and 200 mg/kg orally) and Tioxaprofen (EMD 26644, 10 mg/kg orally). Thrombus formation was also significantly reduced in fawn hooded bleeder rats.
Active Sampling of Pairs and Points for Large-scale Linear Bipartite Ranking (2017)

Bipartite ranking is a fundamental ranking problem that learns to order relevant instances ahead of irrelevant ones. The pair-wise approach for bi-partite ranking construct a quadratic number of pairs to solve the problem, which is infeasible for large-scale data sets. The point-wise approach, albeit more efficient, often results in inferior performance. That is, it is difficult to conduct bipartite ranking accurately and efficiently at the same time. In this paper, we develop a novel active sampling scheme within the pair-wise approach to conduct bipartite ranking efficiently. The scheme is inspired from active learning and can reach a competitive ranking performance while focusing only on a small subset of the many pairs during training. Moreover, we propose a general Combined Ranking and Classification (CRC) framework to accurately conduct bipartite ranking. The framework unifies point-wise and pair-wise approaches and is simply based on the idea of treating each instance point as a pseudo-pair. Experiments on 14 real-word large-scale data sets demonstrate that the proposed algorithm of Active Sampling within CRC, when coupled with a linear Support Vector Machine, usually outperforms state-of-the-art point-wise and pair-wise ranking approaches in terms of both accuracy and efficiency.
Breast Elevation and Compression Decrease Exercise-Induced Breast Discomfort (2010)

The design features of greater breast elevation and compression provided significantly increased breast and bra comfort compared with a standard encapsulation sports bra during physical activity for women with large breasts.
On the use of quality measures in face and speaker identity verification based on video and audio streams (2009)

This study addresses the advantage of adding quality information of the biometric signals into a multimedia-based (video and audio) identity verification system. The quality information of the biometric signals can be used in several ways and stages in the biometric system. In this study, the authors introduce quality-based decisions in two stages: score normalisation and frame selection. Quality-based score normalisation helps to handle quality dependent drifts in the scores distributions. We derive a necessary and sufficient condition for reducing error when introducing quality-based score normalisation and present a score normalising technique. Additionally, the number of frontal faces and speech vectors extracted from the video and audio streams allows quality-based selection of frames, both in training and test, to preserve quality in the statistical representation of the signals. For these two stages we defined some quality measures for speaker and frontal face signals and run experiments to show the reliability of the proposed techniques over the BANCA database.
The Fabry-Perot Interferometer at Millimetre Wavelengths (1953)

The design and operation of an interferometer of the Fabry-Perot type at wavelengths around 8 mm is discussed. The reflectors have been made using multiple quarter wavelength sheets of dielectric, and extremely sharp fringes have been obtained giving selectivity or Q factors exceeding 60 000.
Audio-linguistic Embeddings for Spoken Sentences (2019)

We propose spoken sentence embeddings which capture both acoustic and linguistic content. While existing works operate at the character, phoneme, or word level, our method learns long-term dependencies by modeling speech at the sentence level. Formulated as an audio-linguistic multitask learning problem, our encoder-decoder model simultaneously reconstructs acoustic and natural language features from audio. Our results show that spoken sentence embeddings outperform phoneme and word-level baselines on speech recognition and emotion recognition tasks. Ablation studies show that our embeddings can better model high-level acoustic concepts while retaining linguistic content. Overall, our work illustrates the viability of generic, multi-modal sentence embeddings for spoken language understanding.
Emotion facilitates action: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study of motor cortex excitability during picture viewing (2006)

Emotional stimuli capture attention, receive increased perceptual processing resources, and alter peripheral reflexes. In the present study, we examined whether emotional stimuli would modulate the magnitude of the motor evoked potential (MEP) elicited in the abductor pollicus brevis muscle by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) delivered to the motor cortex. The electromyogram (EMG) was recorded from 16 participants while they viewed six blocks of pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant images; 36 TMS pulses at increasing intensities were delivered during each block. The TMS-induced MEP was reliably larger while participants viewed pleasant and unpleasant compared to neutral images. There were no differences in the pre-TMS EMG activity as a function of emotional stimuli. Thus, viewing arousing stimuli, regardless of valence, increased motor cortex excitability. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.