gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gelling of Alumina Suspensions Using Alginic Acid Salt and Hydroxyaluminum Diacetate (2002)

This paper proposes a novel direct casting method of alumina suspensions using alginic acid salt and the coagulation agent hydroxyaluminum diacetate (HADA). These two compounds allowed the consolidation of alumina suspensions through a simultaneous time‐delayed physical and chemical gelation process. The physical gel was formed by the gradual release of aluminum and acetate ions from the HADA in water, while the chemical gel originated from the cross‐linking of alginate molecules by the polyvalent aluminum ions. Wet alumina green bodies displayed enhanced mechanical properties with the addition of minimal contents of organic material (<0.1 wt%).
A Study on Minimization Method of Reading Error Range and Implementation of Postal 4-state Bar Code Reader with Raster Beam (2000)

Recently many efforts on the development of automatic processing system for delivery sequence sorting have been performed in ETRI, which requires the use of postal4-state bar code system to encode delivery points. The 4-state bar code called postal 4-state barcode for high speed processing that has been specifically designed for information processing of logistics and automatic processing of he mail items. The Information of 4-state bar code indicates mail data such as post code, delivery sequence number, error correction code worked, customer information, and a unique ID. This appear addresses the issue on he reduction of reading error in postal 4-state raster beam based bar code reader. The raster beam scanning features are the unequally distributed number of spots per each unit, which cause reading errors. We propose a method for reducing the bar code reading error by adjusting measured values of bar code width to its average value over each interval. The test results show that the above method reduces the average reading error rate approximately by 99.88%.
Quality control gone wrong: mitochondria, lysosomal storage disorders and neurodegeneration (2013)

The eukaryotic cell possesses specialized pathways to turn over and degrade redundant proteins and organelles. Each pathway is unique and responsible for degradation of distinctive cytosolic material. The ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy (chaperone-mediated, macro, micro and organelle specific) act synergistically to maintain proteostasis. Defects in this equilibrium can be deleterious at cellular and organism level, giving rise to various disease states. Dysfunction of quality control pathways are implicated in neurodegenerative diseases and appear particularly important in Parkinson's disease and the lysosomal storage disorders. Neurodegeneration resulting from impaired degradation of ubiquitinated proteins and α-synuclein is often accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria have evolved to control a diverse number of processes, including cellular energy production, calcium signalling and apoptosis, and like every other organelle within the cell, they must be 'recycled.' Failure to do so is potentially lethal as these once indispensible organelles become destructive, leaking reactive oxygen species and activating the intrinsic cell death pathway. This process is paramount in neurons which have an absolute dependence on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation as they cannot up-regulate glycolysis. As such, mitochondrial bioenergetic failure can underpin neural death and neurodegenerative disease. In this review, we discuss the links between cellular quality control and neurodegenerative diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, with particular attention to the emerging links between Parkinson's and Gaucher diseases in which defective quality control is a defining factor.
Pain Management for Occipital Neuralgia (2008)

Dr. Gevirtz is Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University-New Orleans, LA, and Medical Director, Somnia Pain Management, 627 West Street, Harrison, NY 10528; E-mail: [email protected]. Dr. Gevirtz has disclosed that he has no significant relationships with or financial interests in any commercial organizations pertaining to this educational activity. Dr. Gevirtz also has disclosed that the use of gabapentin, pregabalin, and botulinum toxin for treatment of occipital neuralgia as discussed in this article has not been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. All faculty and staff in a position to control the content of this CME activity have disclosed that they have no financial relationships with, or financial interests in, any commercial companies pertaining to this educational activity. Lippincott CME Institute, Inc., has identified and resolved all faculty and staff conflicts of interest regarding this educational activity.
Development of Underwater Shuttle Glider for Virtual Mooring - Motion Simulations Using Field Experimental Data (2015)

A prototype of a 3000m-class underwater shuttle glider for virtual mooring is being developed by JAMSTEC (Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology) with RIAM (Research Institute for Applied Mechanics) of Kyushu University. The vehicle houses an observation equipment and glides back and forth between the sea surface and the seabed collecting ocean data in a specific area (virtual mooring area). In this paper simulated results of the gliding are compared with the field experimental results, and the accuracy of the motion simulator is discussed.
<title>Measurements of polarization of targets of differing albedo and shadow depth</title> (1999)

There are many measurements of polarization made with non- imaging polarimeters. Such measurements have been made in the laboratory, of the sky and of the ground. These measurements can be interpreted only when subsidiary information enables identification of the surface under study. Some measurements have been made with imaging polarimeters based upon film, but these were limited in radiometric accuracy by the medium, or by lack of sensitometry. Some investigators fabricated a polarimeter from videcon cameras, but this study was also limited by radiometric fidelity. With the advent of digital cameras with linear focal plane radiometric response, and software retaining this linearity in extracting the image from the camera, greater radiometric accuracy has been achieved. We report here measurements of polarization which we show to be related to scene radiance. The radiance levels covered include a wide dynamic range and facilitate study of low radiance levels in general previously inaccessible to measurement using an imaging device. We also include data from previous measurements with non-imaging devices and show that they are compatible with data collected using a digital camera. There is an inverse linear relationship between the logarithm of the polarization in recorded radiance and the logarithm of the recorded radiance in data obtained with both imaging and with non-imaging polarimeters.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Polyisobutylene‐Tagged fac‐Ir(ppy)<sub>3</sub> Complex and Its Application as Recyclable Visible‐Light Photocatalyst in a Continuous Flow Process. (2016)

Abstract Deiodation of compound (I), deiodation/cyclization of compound (III), and E/Z isomerization of compound (V) are accomplished by photocatalysis using the title iridium(III) complex as highly active, homogeneous, and recyclable catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEINSAEUREKOMPONENTEN UND IHRE ANALOGEN 140. MITT. DARST. VON 5′‐L‐RIBONUCLEOTIDEN, IHREN DERIVATEN UND 2′(3′)‐5′‐HOMOOLIGO‐L‐RIBONUCLEOTIDEN, CODE‐EIGENSCHAFTEN VON L‐RIBONUCLEOSID ENTHALTENDEN OLIGONUCLEOTIDEN (1972)

Abstract Die L‐Nucleosid‐5′‐phosphate (I) werden durch Phosphorylierung der 2′,3′‐O‐ Äthoxyäthylen‐Derivate der entsprechenden L‐Nucleoside mit β‐Cyanäthylphosphat und anschließende Entfernung der Schutzgruppen oder aber direkt aus den L‐Nucleosiden durch Phosphorylierung mit Phosphoroxychlorid in Tri‐ äthylphosphat dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Stable Spiro[4.4] Orthoester Aminals During the Synthesis of the C<sub>26</sub>—C<sub>32</sub> Oxazole Fragment of Calyculin C. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Microstrip TRAPATT oscillator (1970)

Experimental results obtained using a commercially available pvn diode in the TRAPATT mode in a microstrip resonator are given. It is shown that the oscillation frequency is defined easily in terms of a single circuit parameter, and that the diode performance agrees very well with that predicted by recently published analytical models.
Evaluation of Pre-perimetric Glaucoma Patients using Short Duration Transient Visual Evoked Potentials (SD-tVEP) (2013)

Inclusion criteria were best corrected visual acuity of 20/30 or better and normal 24-2 SITA-Standard visual fields (VF) in patients with glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Pre-perimetric glaucoma was defined by the presence of significant retinal nerve fiber layer thinning measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (Spectralis, Heidelberg) whereas normal subjects (control group) had no abnormalities on this test. SD-tVEPs were recorded using the Diopsys NOVA System (Diopsys, Inc. Pine Brook, NJ). Each eye was stimulated with a 15% (Lc) and 85% (Hc) Michelson contrast checkerboard pattern. Test duration was 30 seconds/eye and each test resulted in a lowand high-contrast response. Each response was evaluated for overall waveform quality, P100 latency, and the amplitude difference of the P100 and N75. The two AUC-ROC analysis was performed on the both the Hc and Lc SD-tVEP parameters.
Generation of Trityl Radicals by Nucleophilic Quenching of Tris(2,3,5,6‐tetrathiaaryl)methyl Cations and Practical and Convenient Large‐Scale Synthesis of Persistent Tris(4‐carboxy‐2,3,5,6‐tetrathiaaryl)methyl Radical (2013)

Tris(2,3,5,6-tetrathiaaryl)methyl cations, which were generated from the corresponding triarylmethanols in the presence of strong acids, underwent reaction with nucleophiles to give trityl radicals, as the product of a one-electron reduction of the carbocation. Depending on the nature of the nucleophile, the only byproducts were either diamagnetic quinone methides or asymmetrical monosubstituted trityl radicals. Herein, we report a protocol for the large-scale synthesis of the Finland trityl, which has the advantage of high overall yield and reproducibility.
Controlled deposition of sulphur-containing semiconductor and dielectric nano-structured films on metals in SF6 ion-ion plasma (2013)

In the present paper, the deposition processes and formation of films in SF6 ion-ion plasma, with positive and negative ion flows accelerated to the surface, are investigated. The PEGASES (acronym for Plasma Propulsion with Electronegative GASES) source is used as an ion-ion plasma source capable of generating almost ideal ion-ion plasma with negative ion to electron density ratio more than 2500. It is shown that film deposition in SF6 ion-ion plasma is very sensitive to the polarity of the incoming ions. The effect is observed for Cu, W, and Pt materials. The films formed on Cu electrodes during negative and positive ion assisted deposition were analyzed. Scanning electron microscope analysis has shown that both positive and negative ion fluxes influence the copper surface and leads to film formation, but with different structures of the surface: the low-energy positive ion bombardment causes the formation of a nano-pored film transparent for ions, while the negative ion bombardment leads to a continuous smooth insulating film. The transversal size of the pores in the porous film varies in the range 50–500 nm, and further analysis of the film has shown that the film forms a diode together with the substrate preventing positive charge drain, and positive ions are neutralized by passing through the nano-pores. The film obtained with the negative ion bombardment has an insulating surface, but probably with a multi-layer structure: destroying the top surface layer allows to measure similar “diode” IV-characteristics as for the nano-pored film case. Basing on results, practical conclusions for the probes and electrodes cleaning in ion-ion SF6 plasmas have been made. Different applications are proposed for the discovered features of the controlled deposition from ion-ion plasmas, from Li-sulphur rechargeable batteries manufacturing and nanofluidics issues to the applications for microelectronics, including low-k materials formation.
TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT ATTENUATION OF ULTRASONIC SURFACE WAVES IN QUARTZ (1970)

The attenuation of Rayleigh waves in quartz was measured as a function of temperature from 4.2 to 100 °K and frequency from 300 to 2000 MHz. Below 20 °K, the attenuation was observed temperature-independent. From 20 to 40 °K, the results were consistent with a three-phonon interaction process varying as T4 but with little or no dependence on frequency. Above 40 °K, the attenuation showed a lower dependence on temperature than T4 and oscillated due to an interference effect between the Rayleigh wave and a bulk wave generated at the same time.
Applications of the diesel coal combined cycle (1994)

The proprietary process known as the Diesel Coal Combined Cycle (DCCC) is examined for its application to new cogeneration plants and independent power production facilities as well as repowering of existing plants. High-cycle thermal efficiency with a heat rate in the range of 9,000 Btu/kWh (HHV) can be achieved by combining prime-mover diesel engine generators that have inherently high efficiency with boilers, specially designed burners, and a conventional Rankine steam cycle. Plants using the DCCC process can cleanly and efficiently use a variety of fuels including natural gas, which is prevalent in combustion turbine combined-cycle designs. The DCCC offers a power plant design that can use lower-cost fuels such as high-sulfur residual oil and coal. The diesel engine prime mover provides a high cycle efficiency over a wider load range than does a combustion turbine to meet today`s increasing needs for operational flexibility and dispatchability of the steam and power outputs. These needs can be fulfilled with a DCCC power plant at a lower capital cost ($1,000 to $1,200/kW) than conventional steam power plants and other clean coal technologies. DCCC plants are practical from the smallest industrial plants to those with over 200 MW of capacity. These plants will providemore » more wide-range efficiency and flexibility than combustion turbine combined cycles and operate at lower expense overall because of the fuel cost savings.« less
Wireless sensor networks (2002)

Advances in commercial IC fabrication technology have made possible the integration of wireless transceivers, CMOS signal processing, and sensing in one integrated circuit package. Combination with actuation is also possible. This amounts to a low-cost means to link communications and computer networks to the physical world, and may have profound consequences in such diverse areas as security, process control, planetary exploration, and medical monitoring and diagnosis. We outline the system design issues for a distributed sensor network, in which each node has a limited energy supply and relatively low data rate link. The nodes must establish a synchronous multi-hop network, determine locations, and cooperate for such purposes as beamforming and passing messages to the outside world.
Abnormal White Matter Organization in Huntington's Disease Evaluated with Diffusion Tensor MRI (2003)

J. Kim, R. Kanaan, W. Kaufmann, C. Ross, V. Calhoun, D. Xu, D. Shen, C. Davatzikos, G. Pearlson Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford, CT, United States, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States Synopsis Six presymptomatic subjects with Huntington’s disease and six normal controls were examined with diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. The fractional anisotropy (FA) images were normalized using a nonlinear elastic registration method. The group difference of FA was compared using a voxel-wise nonparametric statistics and a regions of interest analysis. In a whole brain voxel-by-voxel comparison, reduced FA values were observed in the thalamic nuclei, frontal and occipital forceps, splenium of corpus callosum and centrum semiovale, bilaterally. In region specific analysis, the right limbic area of HD group, which contains ventral putamen and thalamus, showed statistically meaningful FA reduction.
Naviculo-cuneiform coalition. A report of two cases. (1985)

This solidus article reports on two unique cases of naviculo-medial cuneiform coalition in a 20-year-old man and a 22-year-old woman. In the first patient, arthrodesis was successful in relieving the localized pain, whereas in the second patient the pain gradually decreased without treatment.
Time-related Contact Angle Measurements with Human Plasma on Biomaterial Surfaces (1999)

Axisymmetric drop shape analysis by profile (ADSA-P) was used to assess in time contact angle changes of human plasma drops placed on four different biomaterials. Results were related with conventional blood compatibility measurements: albumin adsorption, fibrinogen adsorption and platelet adhesion. While contact angle measurements with water are material-related but constant in time, contact angle measurements with plasma changed over time owing to protein adsorption on the solid-liquid interface. The contact medium plasma did not influence the initial contact angle. Contact angles on PDMS decreased most in time (41 degrees) and demonstrated highest levels of conventionally measured albumin and fibrinogen adsorption and platelet adhesion. PTFE, with the lowest contact angle decrease over a 500 minutes period (19 degrees), showed low fibrinogen and albumin adsorption as well as low platelet adhesion. PU and HDPE demonstrated almost similar initial contact angles with plasma and contact angle decreases (26 and 27 degrees), intermediate protein adsorption, and platelet adhesion. We conclude that biocompatibility properties of the tested materials may be more related to the behaviour of their contact angles in time, than to the initial hydrophobic or hydrophilic state.
Inhibition of the Inflammatory Cytokine TNF-α Increases Adenovirus Activity in Ovarian Cancer via Modulation of cIAP1/2 Expression (2010)

Oncolytic adenoviruses show promise as a cancer treatment. However, they generate acute inflammatory responses with production of cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). We investigated whether inhibition of TNF-α augments efficacy of the E1A CR2-deleted adenovirus dl922-947 in ovarian cancer. dl922-947 induced transcription of TNF-α and its downstream signaling targets interleukin-6 and -8 (IL-6 and IL-8) in ovarian cancer cells. In vitro, RNAi-mediated knockdown of TNF-α reduced production of multiple inflammatory cytokines after infection and increased ovarian cancer cell sensitivity to virus cytotoxicity, as did treatment with the anti-TNF-α antibody infliximab. In vivo, stable knockdown of TNF-α in IGROV-1 xenografts increased the anticancer activity of dl922-947. In addition, inhibition of TNF-α using monoclonal antibodies also improved dl922-947 efficacy. This increased efficacy resulted from suppression of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis-1 and -2 (cIAP1 and cIAP2) transcription in malignant cells and a consequent increase in caspase-mediated apoptosis. These findings suggest that TNF-α acts as a survival factor in adenovirus-infected cells. Combining TNF-α inhibition with oncolytic adenoviruses could improve antitumor activity in clinical trials.
Methods for registering and calibrating in vivo terahertz images of cutaneous burn wounds (2018)

A method to register THz and visible images of cutaneous burn wounds and to calibrate THz image data is presented. Images of partial and full thickness burn wounds in 9 rats were collected over 435 mins. = 7.25 hours following burn induction. A two-step process was developed to reference the unknown structure of THz imaging contrast to the known structure and the features present in visible images of the injury. This process enabled the demarcation of a wound center for each THz image, independent of THz contrast. Threshold based segmentation enabled the automated identification of air (0% reflectivity), brass (100% reflectivity), and abdomen regions within the registered THz images. Pixel populations, defined by the segmentations, informed unsupervised image calibration and contrast warping for display. The registered images revealed that the largest variation in THz tissue reflectivity occurred superior to the contact region at ~0.13%/min. Conversely the contact region showed demonstrated an ~6.5-fold decrease at ~0.02%/min. Exploration of occlusion effects suggests that window contact may affect the measured edematous response.
Inside Cover: Atom‐Economical Preparation of Aryl– and Heteroaryl–Lanthanum Reagents by Directed <i>ortho</i>‐Metalation by Using tmp<sub>3</sub>[La] (Chem. Eur. J. 11/2010) (2010)

Unique reactivity is made possible by the use of the new base tmp3La⋅3MgCl2⋅5LiCl (tmp=2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl) to metalate highly functionalized arenes and heteroarenes; the resulting tris-organolanthanum species can then react with various electrophiles, such as aldehydes and ketones. Moreover, these new reagents can be directly acylated by treatment with acid chlorides or acid anhydrides. Remarkably, Pd-catalyzed cross-couplings can be performed without the need for further transmetalation. For more details, see the Communication by S. H. Wunderlich and P. Knochel on page 3304 ff.
Dealing with clutter in EMI inversion and classification schemes for buried UXO discrimination (2003)

Virtually all signal processing strategies for discrimination of buried UXO are clutter limited. Most buried UXO are to be found in the top meter of soil, and therefore produce detectable electromagnetic responses. However they also typically reside in settings with widespread metallic clutter from detonated ordnance or other sources. While generally smaller than the UXO, metallic fragments can be numerous and may be shallower than the UXO we seek. Thus clutter signals may be stronger than those from UXO, especially locally, and may cause either highly localized or diffuse obscuration of signatures. They may mask crucial UXO frequency and temporal response patterns, and may distort the otherwise revealing spatial variations of response. To deal with this, first an analytical physical model of electromagnetic induction (EMI) scattering from widespread metallic clutter is formulated and tested. The dependence of signal magnitude on antenna elevation is determined for both thin surface layers and volume layers of clutter. This dependence is different from that of a single UXO size target. In treatment of UWB EMI measurements, this difference is exploited to elicit evidence of the UXO-like target when it is screened from the sensor by a surface layer of small metallic objects. Inversions are also performed for characterizing the geometry of a UXO-like target beneath a surface layer of clutter. The test cases compare a simple least squares (SLS) and a Bayesian-inspired statistical (BIS) approach. As target depth is increased and signal to clutter ratio decreases, the BIS generally produces more consistent and accurate results.