gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DIA-MOLE: An Unsupervised Learning Approach to Adaptive Dialogue Models for Spoken Dialogue Systems (1997)

The DIAlogue MOdel Learning Environment supports an engineering-oriented approach towards dialogue modelling for a spoken-language interface. Major steps towards dialogue models is to know about the basic units that are used to construct a dialogue model and possible sequences. In difference to many other approaches a set of dialogue acts is not predefined by any theory or manually during the engineering process, but is learned from data that are available in an avised spoken dialogue system. The architecture is outlined and the approach is applied to the domain of appointment scheduling. Even though based on a word correctness of about 70% predictability of dialogue acts in DIA-MOLE turns out to be comparable to human-assigned dialogue acts.
An overview of semantic compression (2010)

We live in such perceptually rich natural and manmade environments that detection and recognition of objects is mediated cerebrally by attentional filtering, in order to separate objects of interest from background clutter. In computer models of the human visual system, attentional filtering is often restricted to early processing, where areas of interest (AOIs) are delineated around anomalies of interest, then the pixels within each AOI's subtense are isolated for later processing. In contrast, the human visual system concurrently detects many targets at multiple levels (e.g., retinal center-surround filters, ganglion layer feature detectors, post-retinal spatial filtering, and cortical detection / filtering of features and objects, to name but a few processes). Intracranial attentional filtering appears to play multiple roles, including clutter filtration at all levels of processing - thus, we process individual retinal cell responses, early filtering response, and so forth, on up to the filtering of objects at high levels of semantic complexity. Computationally, image compression techniques have progressed from emphasizing pixels, to considering regions of pixels as foci of computational interest. In more recent research, object-based compression has been investigated with varying rate-distortion performance and computational efficiency. Codecs have been developed for a wide variety of applications, although the majority of compression and decompression transforms continue to concentrate on region- and pixel-based processing, in part because of computational convenience. It is interesting to note that a growing body of research has emphasized the detection and representation of small features in relationship to their surrounding environment, which has occasionally been called semantic compression. In this paper, we overview different types of semantic compression approaches, with particular interest in high-level compression algorithms. Various algorithms and approaches are considered, ranging from low-level semantic compression for text and database compaction, to high-level semantic analysis of images or video in which objects of interest have been detected, segmented, and represented compactly to facilitate indexing. In particular, we overview previous work in semantic pattern recognition, and how this has been applied to object-based compression. Discussion centers on lossless versus lossy transformations, quality of service in lossy compression, and computational efficiency.
The NH<sub>2</sub>-Terminal Tridecapeptide Fragment of Gastrin-17 in Serum from Duodenal Ulcer Patients (1980)

The concentration of gastrin in serum from 47 fasting patients with duodenal ulcer was measured with two radioimmunoassays, one specific for the COOH- and the other specific for NH2-terminal sequence of gastrin-17. The COOH-terminal assay measured 13 +/- 2 pmol and the NH2-terminal 42 +/- 7 pmol-equivalent gastrin-17 per litre (mean +/- S.E.M.). This result, corroborated by gel chromatography, shows that an NH2-terminal fragment of gastrin-17, presumably the tridecapeptide, circulates in concentrations higher than those of the four known gastrin components. The abundance of NH2-terminal fragment in serum suggests that the complementary COOH-terminal tetrapeptide fragment of gastrin-17 is also produced in large quantities.
Social network-based trust in prioritized default logic (2006)

A drawback of traditional default logic is that there is no general mechanism for preferring one default rule over another. To remedy this problem, numerous default logics augmented with priority relations have been introduced. In this paper, we show how trust values, derived from web-based social networks, can be used to prioritize defaults. We provide a coupling between the method for computing trust values in social networks and the prioritized Reiter defaults of (Baader &amp; Hollunder 1995), where specificity of terminological concepts is used to prioritize defaults. We compare our approach with specificity-based prioritization, and discuss how the two can be combined. Finally, we show how our approach can be applied to other variants of prioritized default logic.
Athletic Trainers’ Perceptions of Pickle Juice’s Effects on Exercise Associated Muscle Cramps (2008)

Pickle juice is an unconventional treatment for EAMC; however, we believe that enough athletic trainers are using it to treat and prevent EAMC to justify future research to elucidate optimal treatment parameters and possible mechanisms by which it may be effective. The substantial ambiguity and variability about pickle juice use further suggests that experimental research is required on this treatment. If pickle juice is effective, carefully controlled research must be performed to determine the safest, most effective protocols for its use. If it is not effective or poses a risk to athletes as some health professionals claim,5 those who use pickle juice must be discouraged from using it. © 2008 Human Kinetics - Att.
Perceptions of Mindfulness: A Qualitative Analysis of Group Work in Addiction Recovery (2019)

Mindfulness is a promising treatment for addiction. Several benefits and barriers were identified. This study was limited by a small sample size; generalizability may be limited due to particularly severe socioeconomic stressors of the study population. [Full article available at http://rimed.org/rimedicaljournal-2019-03.asp].
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of AV6 derivatives as novel dual reactivators of latent HIV-1 (2018)

The "shock and kill" strategy might be a promising therapeutic approach for HIV/AIDS due to the existence of latent viral reservoirs. A major challenge of the "shock and kill" strategy arises from the general lack of clinically effective latency-reversing agents (LRAs). The 2-methylquinoline derivative, antiviral 6 (AV6) has been reported to induce latent HIV-1 expression and act synergistically with a HDAC inhibitor VA to reverse HIV latency. We report herein the design and identification of AV6 analogues which possess the zinc-binding group of HDAC inhibitors and have dual acting mechanism for the reactivation of HIV-1 from latency. Evaluation of compounds for the reactivation of HIV-1 latency identified two excellent active compounds 12c and 12d. Further bioassays revealed that these two compounds reactivated latent HIV-1 through dual mechanism, the inhibition of HDACs and NFAT-required for early HIV-1 gene expression. Additionally, it was found that 12c and 12d could reactivate HIV-1 transcription by releasing P-TEFb from the inactive complex 7SK snRNP. At last, molecular docking identified their orientation and binding interactions at the active site of HDAC2. This experimental data suggests that 12c and 12d can be served as effective HIV-1 LRAs which can be taken up for further studies.
Variable gratings for optical switching: rigorous electromagnetic simulation and design (1999)

Ben-Gurion University of the NegevDepartment of Electrical andComputer EngineeringP.O. Box 653Beer-Sheva 84105IsraelE-mail: hava@bguee.bgu.ac.ilAbstract. This paper is devoted to rigorous electromagnetic diffractionanalysis, in the near infrared, for micromechanical silicon interdigitatedbeam gratings with both lateral and vertical displacement of movablebeams. In the wavelength-to-period ratio domain where the gratings sup-port three diffraction orders, the speciﬁc designs of high-efﬁciencyswitches for polarized radiation, such as switches from a transmitter to a133 transmission beamsplitter and from a retroreﬂector to an 1 32 re-ﬂection beam divider, are presented. The possibility of light modulation,which follows from these designs, is discussed. The analysis with re-spect to wavelength, beam-width, beam-height, and incidence-anglevariations shows a good tolerance of the devices’ performance to spec-tral shifts and to fabrication and mounting errors. In addition, with the useof our software we simulated the diffraction efﬁciency versus displace-ment at a visible wavelength for a micromechanical grating reported inthe literature. There is good agreement between theory and experiment.
<title>High-frequency gratings as polarization elements</title> (1999)

Binary gratings with feature sizes smaller than the illumination wavelength were fabricated in quartz glass by means of microstructuring techniques. Using rigorous coupled wave analysis polarization elements like polarizing beam splitters and phase retardation plates were designed for operation in transmission at the wavelength of 650 nm. High frequency polarization gratings with feature sizes down to 140 nm and aspect ratios up to 7 were realized. For the polarization selective beam splitting elements we measured diffraction efficiencies of about 80% in the -1<SUP>st</SUP> order for TE polarization, and 90% in the 0<SUP>th</SUP> order for TM polarization. The values are in good agreement with the theoretical values. Furthermore we realized phase retarding elements e.g. (lambda) /8-plates which showed a phase difference of (Phi) equals 44.8 degree(s) ((Phi) <SUB>theor.</SUB> equals 45 degree(s)) between TE and TM polarized light. The design and the fabrication process as well as the optical properties of our high frequency binary phase gratings will be presented. Experimental results will be compared with theoretical values.
ALSUntangled 42: Elysium health’s “basis” (2017)

ALSUntangled reviews alternative and off-label treatments (AOTs) for people with ALS (PALS). Here we evaluate ‘Basis’ therapy for ALS in response to 148 requests (1). As with all our previous revie...
Quantitative phase retrieval in transmission hard x-ray microscope (2007)

Quantitative phase retrieval with a sub-100-nm resolution is achieved from micrographs of a zone plate based transmission x-ray microscope. A plastic zone plate containing objects of sizes from micrometers down to tens of nanometers is used as a test sample to quantify the retrieved phase. Utilizing the focal serial images in the image plane, the phase information is retrieved quantitatively across the entire range of sizes by combining the transport intensity equation and self-consistent wave propagation methods in this partial coherence system. The study demonstrates a solution to overcome the deficiency encountered in the two phase retrieval approaches.
Italian buckwheat (<i>Fagopyrum esculentum</i>) starch: Physico‐chemical and functional characterization and <i>in vitro</i> digestibility (1997)

A study on the physico-chemical properties and structure together with the evaluation of starch digestibility was carried out on starch isolated from buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) cultivated in different Italian areas. Results showed that buckwheat samples analysed were different among them and from wheat starch used as reference. Buckwheat granules were polygonal in shape and had a smaller diameter than the wheat starch granule. The starch obtained from buckwheat had a higher swelling power than the wheat one, probably as a consequence of the wheaker but more extensive bonding forces in the granule. During cooling, buckwheat samples showed a good paste stability.
The Thyroxine-Binding Proteins (2000)

The slow clearance, prolonged half-life, and high serum concentration of thyroxine (T4) are largely due to strong binding by the principal plasma thyroid hormone-binding proteins, thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), transthyretin (TTR), and albumin. These proteins, which shield the hydrophobic thyroid hormones from their aqueous environment, buffer a stable free T4 concentration for cell uptake. Free rather than bound T4 is subject to homeostatic control by the hypothalamic-pituitary thyroid axis. Although it is not a protease inhibitor, sequence analysis identifies TBG as a member of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) family of proteins. Proteolytic cleavage of TBG appears to be a mechanism for site-specific release of T4 independently of homeostatic control. TBG probably facilitates the transport of maternal T4 and iodide to the fetus, although this remains to be proven. High-affinity cellular binding sites for TTR have been described; however, their function and that of choroid plexus synthesis of TTR and transport of T4 into the cerebrospinal fluid remain unclear. Albumin, with the lowest T4 affinity and fastest T4 release of the major T4-binding proteins may promote quick exchange of T4 with tissue sites. The affinity of albumin for T4 is increased by histidine substitution for arginine 218 in the most common form of dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia. However, proline and alanine substitutions at the same site have a similar effect, suggesting that arginine 218 interferes with T4 binding.
The human CD34 hematopoietic stem cell antigen promoter and a 3' enhancer direct hematopoietic expression in tissue culture (1992)

The human CD34 hematopoietic stem cell antigen is a highly glycosylated type 1 membrane protein of unknown function. CD34 is expressed on 1% to 4% of bone marrow cells, including pluripotent stem cells and committed progenitors of each hematopoietic lineage. CD34 has also been shown to be expressed on the small vessel endothelium of a variety of tissues and on a subset of bone marrow stromal cells. We have chosen to use the human CD34 gene as model to examine the transcription factors and cis-elements required for stem cell/progenitor cell-specific gene regulation. We show here that the CD34 gene is transcriptionally regulated in tissue culture cells. Using a luciferase reporter gene, we have isolated and characterized an active CD34 promoter. A CD34- luciferase construct, containing 4.5 kb of 5′ flanking DNA from a CD34 genomic clone, was 30-fold more active in CD34+ tissue culture cells than in HeLa cells. Sequences from the 3′ end of the CD34 gene were shown to have enhancing activity in CD34+ T-lymphoblastic RPMI-8402 cells and not in CD34- U937 cells or in nonhematopoietic HeLa cells. We also show that a cytidine-guanosine island in the 5′ end of the CD34 gene is heavily methylated in two CD34- hematopoietic cell lines and demethylated in two CD34+ cell lines. Analysis of the CD34 promoter should result in the identification of stem cell/progenitor cell- specific transcription factors and should provide a means to direct the expression of heterologous genes in hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors.
A potential field based approach to multi-robot manipulation (2003)

We describe a framework for controlling and coordinating a group of robots for cooperative manipulation tasks. The framework enables a decentralized approach to planning and control. It allows the robots to approach the object, organize themselves into a formation that will trap the object, and then transport the object to the desired destination. Our controllers and planners are derived from simple potential fields and the hierarchical composition of potential fields. We show how these potential field based controllers and planners benefit complex group interactions, specifically for manipulating and transporting objects in the plane. Theoretically, we show how we can derive results on formation stability with potential field based controllers in many cases. Simulation results demonstrate successful application to a wide range of examples without showing sensitivity to parameters. Because the framework is decentralized at both trajectory generation level and the estimation and control agent level, our framework can potentially scale to groups of tens and hundreds of robots.
Plasma total homocysteine is a determinant of carotid intima-media thickness and circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with newly diagnosed hypertension (2012)

Our results suggest that Hcy might increase carotid artery IMT by reducing EPCs numbers. Possible involvement of Hcy in the reduction of EPCs number in hypertensive patients might be in part mediated by Hcy influence on the TAS.
Meta-analysis of randomized trials: evaluation of benefit from gemcitabine-based combination chemotherapy applied in advanced pancreatic cancer (2008)

The meta-analysis of randomized trials indicated a significant survival benefit when GEM was either combined with platinum analogs or fluoropyrimidines. Based on a preliminary subgroup analysis (representing 38% of all patients included in this meta-analysis), pancreatic cancer patients with a good PS appear to benefit from GEM-based cytotoxic combinations, whereas patients with a poor PS seem to have no survival benefit from combination chemotherapy.
Detection of Infarct Lesions From Single MRI Modality Using Inconsistency Between Voxel Intensity and Spatial Location—A 3-D Automatic Approach (2008)

Detection of infarct lesions using traditional segmentation methods is always problematic due to intensity similarity between lesions and normal tissues, so that multispectral MRI modalities were often employed for this purpose. However, the high costs of MRI scan and the severity of patient conditions restrict the collection of multiple images. Therefore, in this paper, a new 3-D automatic lesion detection approach was proposed, which required only a single type of anatomical MRI scan. It was developed on a theory that, when lesions were present, the voxel-intensity-based segmentation and the spatial-location-based tissue distribution should be inconsistent in the regions of lesions. The degree of this inconsistency was calculated, which indicated the likelihood of tissue abnormality. Lesions were identified when the inconsistency exceeded a defined threshold. In this approach, the intensity-based segmentation was implemented by the conventional fuzzy c-mean (FCM) algorithm, while the spatial location of tissues was provided by prior tissue probability maps. The use of simulated MRI lesions allowed us to quantitatively evaluate the performance of the proposed method, as the size and location of lesions were prespecified. The results showed that our method effectively detected lesions with 40-80% signal reduction compared to normal tissues (similarity index > 0.7). The capability of the proposed method in practice was also demonstrated on real infarct lesions from 15 stroke patients, where the lesions detected were in broad agreement with true lesions. Furthermore, a comparison to a statistical segmentation approach presented in the literature suggested that our 3-D lesion detection approach was more reliable. Future work will focus on adapting the current method to multiple sclerosis lesion detection.
Self-switching of radiation in nonidentical tunnel-coupled optical waveguides (1987)

A theory is given of the interaction of waves and of possible self-switching of radiation in nonidentical tunnel-coupled optical waveguides exhibiting cubic nonlinearity.
Structure and dynamics of 1,2-dimethoxyethane and 1,2-dimethoxypropane in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions: A molecular dynamics study (2011)

Herein, we report a comparative modelling study of 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) and 1,2-dimethoxypropane (DMP) at 298 K and 318 K in the liquid state, water mixtures, and at infinite dilution condition in water, methanol, carbon tetrachloride, and n-heptane. Both DME and DMP are united-atom models compatible with GROMOS∕OPLS force fields. Calculated thermodynamic and structural properties of the pure DME and DMP liquids resulted in excellent agreement with the experimental data. In aqueous solutions, densities, diffusion coefficients, and concentration dependent conformers of DME, were in agreement with experimental data. The calculated free energy of solvation (ΔG(hyd)) at 298 K is equal to -22.1 ± 0.8 kJ mol(-1) in good agreement with the experimental value of 20.2 kJ mol(-1). In addition, the free energy of solvation of DME in non-aqueous solvents follows the trend methanol ≈ water < carbon tetrachloride < n-heptane, consistently with the dielectric constant of the solvents. On contrary, the presence of an extra methyl group on chiral carbon makes DMP less soluble than DME in water (ΔG(hyd) = -16.0 ± 1.1 kJ mol(-1)) but more soluble in non-polar solvents as n-heptane. Finally, for the DMP the chiral discrimination of the two enantiomers was calculated as solvation free energy difference of one DMP isomer in the solution of the other. The obtained value of ΔΔG(RS) = -3.7 ± 1.4 kJ mol(-1) indicates a net chiral discrimination of the two enantiomers.
CO2 Utilization from “Next Generation” CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery Technology (2013)

CO2-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) has emerged as a major option for productively utilizing CO2 emissions captured from electric power and other industrial plants. Not only can oil fields provide secure, well characterized sites for storing CO2, they can also provide revenues to offset the costs of capturing CO2. Though utilization of captured CO2 emissions for enhanced oil recovery has been underway for some time, further advances in CO2-EOR technology could significantly improve the technology's applicability as a revenue generator for CO2 capture and a large-scale CO2 storage option. With application of "next generation" CO2-EOR technologies in geologically favorable settings, the volume of CO2 stored could exceed the CO2 content of the oil produced. The paper draws significantly on the recently completed report sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (U.S. DOE/NETL) and prepared by Advanced Resources International entitled, "Improving Domestic Energy Security and Lowering CO2 Emissions with "Next Generation" CO2-EOR". The paper introduces the feasibility of applying "next generation" CO2-EOR technologies to new, challenging areas, such as to residual oil zones (ROZs) below and beyond the structural confinement of existing oil fields and to offshore oil fields. The paper provides a case study that tracks the performance and the economics of CO2-EOR in the Permian Basin of West Texas. While much of the information in the paper is drawn from the CO2-EOR experiences in North American oil fields, the paper also examines the CO2 utilization and storage potential from applying "next generation" CO2-EOR technology to the large oil fields of the world, drawing on extensions of work performed by Advanced Resources International for the IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme. The paper concludes with two key messages. First, with application of "next generation" technologies to a broader set of oil resources, the market for utilization of CO2 for enhanced oil recovery is much larger than previously assumed. Second, the revenues from the sale of captured CO2 emissions, along with research that reduces the costs of CO2 capture, can greatly accelerate the time when CCS (now CCUS) can be applied at wide scale.
Induction Networks for Few-Shot Text Classification (2019)

Ruiying Geng, Binhua Li, Yongbin Li, Xiaodan Zhu, Ping Jian, Jian Sun. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP). 2019.