gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flow Cytometric Determination of Light Scattering and Absorbance Properties of Starch Granules (1992)

Abstract Treatment of samples of digested endosperm with SDS resulted in a homogenous suspension of single starch granules that was suitable for analysis by flow cytometry without altering their refractive properties. Flow cytometry can be used for more rapid and accurate enumeration of starch granules than can be achieved with a hemocytometer as with the latter the number of starch granules seems to be underestimated. Moreover, flow cytometric analysis based on forward angle light scatter (FALS) and absorbance properties revealed that there are at least three unique subclasses of starch granules that appear during kernel development. The first subclass contained mainly small granules (2–5 μm) whereas the second subclass generally consisted of large granules (> 5 μm). However, within a given size, there were two distinct subpopulations with significantly different absorbance properties. The physiological or physicochemical significants of these subclasses warrant further investigation.
Highly-ordered TiO<sub>2</sub>nanotube arrays up to 220 µm in length: use in water photoelectrolysis and dye-sensitized solar cells (2007)

The fabrication of highly-ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays up to 134 µm in length by anodization of Ti foil has recently been reported (Paulose et al 2006 J. Phys. Chem. B 110 16179). This work reports an extension of the fabrication technique to achieve TiO2 nanotube arrays up to 220 µm in length, with a length-to-outer diameter aspect ratio of ≈1400, as well as their initial application in dye-sensitized solar cells and hydrogen production by water photoelectrolysis. The highly-ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays are fabricated by potentiostatic anodization of Ti foil in fluoride ion containing baths in combination with non-aqueous organic polar electrolytes including N-methylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, formamide, or ethylene glycol. Depending upon the anodization voltage, the inner pore diameters of the resulting nanotube arrays range from 20 to 150 nm. As confirmed by glancing angle x-ray diffraction and HRTEM studies, the as-prepared nanotubes are amorphous but crystallize with annealing at elevated temperatures.
Autonomous terrain parameter estimation for wheeled vehicles (2008)

This paper reports a methodology for inferring terrain parameters from estimated terrain forces in order to allow wheeled autonomous vehicles to assess mobility in real-time. Terrain force estimation can be used to infer the ability to accelerate, climb, or tow a load independent of the underlying terrain model. When a terrain model is available, physical soil properties and stress distribution parameters that relate to mobility are inferred from vehicle-terrain forces using multiple-model estimation. The approach uses Bayesian statistics to select the most likely terrain parameters from a set of hypotheses, given estimated terrain forces. The hypotheses are based on the extensive literature of soil properties for soils with cohesions from 1 - 70 kPa. Terrain parameter estimation is subject to mathematical uniqueness of the net forces resulting from vehicle-terrain interaction for a given set of terrain parameters; uniqueness properties are characterized in the paper motivating the approach. Terrain force and parameter estimation requires proprioceptive sensors - accelerometers, rate gyros, wheel speeds, motor currents, and ground speed. Simulation results demonstrate efficacy of the method on three terrains - low cohesion sand, sandy loam, and high cohesion clay, with parameter convergence times as low as .02 sec. The method exhibits an ability to interpolate between hypotheses when no single hypothesis adequately characterizes the terrain.
Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of hexaaquavanadium(II) ions by alkyl radicals (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of hexaaquavanadium(II) ions by alkyl radicalsJames H. Espenson, Andreja Bakac, and Jeong Hyun KimCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 25, 4830–4833Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00025a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00025a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views45Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
2-Amino-2-oxazolin-4-ones. II. Tautomerism<sup>1</sup> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2-Amino-2-oxazolin-4-ones. II. Tautomerism1Charles F. Howell, Nicanor Q. Quinones, and Robert A. Hardy Jr.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 5, 1686–1691Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01052a048https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01052a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views152Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Prior Opioid Exposure Influences Parents’ Sharing of Their Children’s <i>CYP2D6</i> Research Results (2017)

Prior opioid exposure influenced perceived clinical utility and sharing behaviors.
Diagnostic specificity of autoantibodies to M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) in differentiating idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) from secondary forms and other glomerular diseases (2017)

Autoantibody against phospholipase A2 receptor (anti-PLA2R) is a sensitive and specific biomarker of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (iMN), being found in approximately 70% of iMN patients and only occasionally in other glomerular diseases. However, whereas its diagnostic specificity vs. normal controls and other glomerulonephritides (GN) has been firmly established, its specificity vs. membranous nephropathy associated with various diseases (sMN) has given inconsistent results. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of anti-PLA2R antibodies in iMN in comparison with various control groups, including sMN. A total of 252 consecutive iMN patients, 184 pathological and 43 healthy controls were tested for anti-PLA2R antibody using indirect immunofluorescence (PLA2R IIFT, Euroimmun). Anti-PLA2R autoantibodies were detectable in 178/252 iMN patients, 1/80 primary GN, 0/72 secondary GN, 9/32 sMN and 0/43 healthy controls, with a diagnostic sensitivity of 70.6%. The diagnostic specificity of anti-PLA2R antibody vs. normal and pathological controls was 100 and 94.6% respectively. However, when the diagnostic specificity was calculated only vs. secondary forms of MN, it decreased considerably to 71.9%. Interestingly enough, 9 out of 10 anti-PLA2R positive patients in the disease control groups had membranous nephropathy associated with various diseases (7 cancer, 1 Crohn's disease, 1 scleroderma). In conclusion, anti-PLA2R positivity in a patient with MN, should not be considered sufficient to abstain from seeking a secondary cause, especially in patients with risk factors for neoplasia. The causal relationship between tumors and anti-PLA2R-induced MN remains to be established, as well as the possible mechanisms through which malignancies provoke autoimmunity.
Superconducting Super Collider data compression and driver/modulator architecture (2002)

Presents a prototype architecture that provides chip-level data compression and high-speed optical drive capabilities for rad-hard Super Collider data acquisition applications. The data compression is accomplished through a pipelined edge-detection and clustering algorithm, while the driver/modulator uses high-throughput data-management techniques, including variable register lengths, bus queuing, and time-division-multiplexing for fast optical-data transmission. An architecture of this sort can provide efficient transmission of a very large number of events. A practical 4*128 compressor architecture is introduced to illustrate the algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ga-67 Imaging of Bronchial Metastatic Melanoma (1991)

A solitary bronchial metastasis from a malignant melanoma was identified on Ga-67 imaging.
An HDTV 2/3-in. CCD Handheld Camera (1993)

This article describes the development of an HDTV 2/3-in. charge-coupled device (CCD) handheld camera, employing three CCDs with 1.3 million pixels, 1258 (H) X 1035 (V) each. Emphasis has been placed on the overall balance of the CCDs, instead of on just increasing the number of pixels. In order to obtain high resolution, a dual-green pickup method has been employed. Using this method, limiting resolution of more than 1000 TV lines has been achieved. The results of an experiment comparing the resolution of this camera and that of an RGB camera are also discussed.
A generalized surface appearance representation for computer graphics (2002)

For image synthesis in computer graphics, two major approaches for representing a surface’s appearance are texture mapping, which provides spatial detail, such as wallpaper, or wood grain; and the 4D bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) which provides angular detail, telling how light reflects off surfaces. I combine these two modes of variation to form the 6D spatial bi-directional reflectance distribution function (SBRDF). My compact SBRDF representation simply stores BRDF coefficients at each pixel of a map. I propose SBRDFs as a surface appearance representation for computer graphics and present a complete system for their use. I acquire SBRDFs of real surfaces using a device that simultaneously measures the BRDF of every point on a material. The system has the novel ability to measure anisotropy (direction of threads, scratches, or grain) uniquely at each surface point. I fit BRDF parameters using an efficient nonlinear optimization approach specific to BRDFs. SBRDFs can be rendered using graphics hardware. My approach yields significantly more detailed, general surface appearance than existing techniques for a competitive rendering cost. I also propose an SBRDF rendering method for global illumination using prefiltered environment maps. This improves on existing prefiltered environment map techniques by decoupling the BRDF from the environment maps, so a single set of maps may be used to illuminate the unique BRDFs at each surface point. I demonstrate my results using measured surfaces including gilded wallpaper, plant leaves, upholstery fabrics, wrinkled gift-wrapping paper and glossy book covers.
Non-dispersive hole transport in a novel trifluoromethylbiphenylyl substituted PPV derivative (2006)

We have studied the optical and electrical properties of a novel electroluminescent polymer, poly[2−(2'-p−trifluoromethyl-phenyl-4',5'-bis(3''-methylbutoxy))phenyl-1,4- phenylene vinylene], using absorption, photoluminescence (PL), photoluminescent quantum yield (ηPL) and time of flight (TOF) photoconductivity techniques. The absorption spectrum in chloroform shows a broad absorption band peaked at 2.92 eV and the PL spectrum shows a maximum at 2.52 eV with vibronic shoulders at 2.38 eV and 2.24 eV. The film state absorption and PL spectra shifted towards the low energy region and the vibronic features are more pronounced compared to that in dilute solution. This is due to the increase of effective conjugation length in the solid state compared to that in solution. The PL quantum yield of the polymer was found to be 44 % in chloroform and 52 % in solid state. The increase of ηPL in solid state compared to liquid state is due to the constraint on the twisting or bending motion of the polymer chains in solid state. The room temperature TOF transients for positive charges showed non-dispersive nature of transport with a mobility of 3.83 × 10−6 cm2/Vs at an electric field of 2 × 105 V/cm. The variation of hole mobility with applied electric field has been studied and analyzed according to disorder formalism.
Investigation of passive electric and optical-feedback stabilization of a pas-sively mode-locked tapered two-section quantum-dot laser (2011)

We present experimental investigations and develop a strategy to control mode-locking-instabilities of an edge emitting two-section monolithic tapered quantum-dot laser.
Weak dipolar interaction in solutions. Systems: cyclohexane+chlorobenzene and carbon tetrachloride+chlorobenzene (1961)

A. V. Anantaraman, S. N. Bhattacharyya and S. R. Palit, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1961, 57, 40 DOI: 10.1039/TF9615700040
Metal ion sorption by untreated and chemically treated biomass (1992)

The metal-binding ability of biosorbents is well known; however, in comparison with commercial ion-exchange resins the capacity of biosorbents is low. The purpose of this research was to examine chemically modified biosorbents and biosorbents prepared from microorganisms isolated from extreme environments to determine if significant improvements in metal-binding capacity or biosorbents with unique capabilities could be produced. Chemical treatments examined included acid, alkali, carbon disulfide, phosphorus oxychloride, anhydrous formamide, sodium thiosulfate, sodium chloroacetic acid, and phenylsulfonate. Biosorbents were prepared from microorganisms isolated from pristine and acid mine drainage impacted sites and included heterotrophs, methanotrophs, algae, and sulfate reducers. Chemical modification with carbon disulfide, phosphorous oxychloride, and sodium thiosulfate yielded biosorbents with such as much as 74%, 133%, and 155% improvements, respectively, in metal-binding capacity, but the performance of these chemically modified biosorbents deteriorated upon repeated use. A culture isolated from an acid mine drainage impacted site, IGTM17, exhibits about 3-fold higher metal-binding capacity in comparison with other biosorbents examined in this study. IGTM17 also exhibits superior metal-binding ability at decreased pH or in the presence of interfering common cations in comparison with other biosorbents or some commercially available cation exchange resins. Some biosorbents, such as IGTM5, can bind anions. To our knowledge this is the first demonstration of the ability of biosorbents to bind anions. Moreover, preliminary data indicate that the chemical modification of biosorbents may be capable of imparting the ability to selectively bind certain anions. Further research is needed to optimize conditions for the chemical modification and stabilization of biosorbents.
The 5th International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR) Annual Meeting, June 2007 (2007)

This report presents highlights of discussions that focused on the biology of cancer stem cells as conducted at the fifth Annual Meeting of the International Society for Stem Cell Research, held in Cairns, Australia, June 17-20, 2007. The function of adult stem cells is believed to depend on their niches, that is, the microenvironment in which these stem cells reside. A similar concept applies to understanding the development of cancer, as it is becoming increasingly clear that only a small subset of cancer cell populations is capable of initiating/sustaining tumor formation. These tumorigenic cells, commonly referred to as cancer stem cells, also appear to reside in particular niches, and they bear the known, albeit dysfunctional, stem cell characteristics of self-renewal and differentiation. Dysregulation of stem cell niches is thought to contribute to tumorigenesis by affecting the complex network of signaling interactions that occur between stem cells and their neighboring cells, thus imbalancing the physiological controls on self-renewal and differentiation processes. This hypothesis was widely explored at the conference to shed new light on the mechanisms of tumor origin and progression and to unveil novel antitumor therapeutic approaches.
Damaged Fuel Experiment DF-1 (1990)

A series of in-pile experiments addressing LWR severe fuel damage phenomena has been conducted in the Annular Core Research Reactor (ACRR) at Sandia National Laboratories. The ACRR Debris Formation and Relocation (DF) experiments are quasi-separate effects tests that provide a data base for the development and verification of models for LWR severe core damage accidents. The first experiment in this series, DF-1, was performed on March 15, 1984, and the results are presented in this report. The DF-1 experiment examined the effects of low initial clad oxidation conditions on fuel damage and relocation processes. The DF-1 test assembly consisted of a nine-rod square-matrix bundle that employed PWR-type fuel rods with a 0.5-m fissile length. The fuel rods were composed of 10% enriched UO{sub 2} pellets within a zircaloy-4 cladding. Steam flowed through the test bundle at flow rates varying between 0.5 and 3 g/s, and the ACRR maintained a peak power level of 1.5 MW during the high temperature oxidation phase of the test inducing {approximately}8.5 kW fission power and {approximately}20 kW peak oxidation power in the assembly. Visual observation showed early clad relocation and partial blockage formation at the grid spacer location accompanied by production of a dense aerosol. Posttest cross sections show liquefaction losses of fuel in excess of 10 volume percent, as well as large fractional losses of cladding material from the upper two-thirds of the bundle. The quantity of hydrogen measured during the test was consistent with the observed magnitude of cladding oxidation. Oxidation driven heating rates of 25 K/s and peak temperatures in excess of 2525 K were observed. The analyses, interpretation, and application of these results to severe fuel damage accidents are discussed. 27 refs., 118 figs., 23 tabs.
Sex-dependent Relationship Between Wrist Deviation and Scaphoid Kinematics (2018)

ABSTRACT Several methods of describing patterns of carpal kinematics from radiographs have emerged due to their potential use in developing personalized treatments for wrist pathologies. Such radiography-derived metrics have been used to infer associations between patterns of scaphoid kinematics and other clinically relevant factors such as sex, but the simultaneous effects of sex and wrist position on scaphoid kinematic metrics has yet to be considered. We sought to investigate the relationship between wrist position in the coronal plane and radiographic measurements of the scaphoid for each sex independently, then identify sex-specific differences in scaphoid measurements and calculated metrics. We retrospectively identified 38 subjects with posteroanterior radial and ulnar deviation radiographs. Radiographic scaphoid measurements were collected and used to calculate five scaphoid kinematic metrics per participant. We used Pearson correlation coefficients to explore the relationships between the degrees of wrist deviation in the coronal plane and radiographic scaphoid measurements for men and women independently. We used the non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test to compare values between sexes. The correlations between degrees of coronal wrist deviation and radiographic measurements of scaphoid inclination were significant only for men. Men also had significantly greater values for all radiographic scaphoid measurements. Our study demonstrated sex-specific differences in the relationship between the degrees of radial and ulnar wrist deviation and scaphoid positioning. Clinical Relevance Our findings show the importance of stratifying by sex in studies of carpal kinematics, such as scaphoid kinematics, and that investigation of strategies to restore normal carpal function should incorporate sex as a biological variable.
Advanced Biologically-Inspired Flapping Wing Structure Development (2011)

This study examines the possibility to develop a manufacturing method to build a complicated composite structure comparable to insect wings. Stimulated by the research in flapping wing micro air vehicles, a wing structure that can be controlled with stiffness and mass distribution during manufacturing can enable complicated kinematics and efficient aerodynamics. Insects demonstrate superior flight performance and therefore their wings are good examples for building an artificial counterpart. Cicada wings are selected in this work for emulation. An artificial composite wing is built with computer numerical controlled tooling and manual fabrication, with similar vein pattern. The wings are compared with measurements of mass distribution in the spanwise direction. The results show that the composite reinforcement topology and cross section variation allow the two wings to have very similar property trends. Several difficulties are overcome in this work: replicating the cicada wing vein pattern, fabricating small composite structure components and measuring their weight distribution.
A comparison of the thermal characteristics of active lava flows and forest fires (1995)

Landsat TM data of active lava flows from Kilauea Volcano Hawaii (7/23/91) and forest fires within Yellowstone National Park (9/8/88) are compared to show the differences in the spectral and spatial distribution of radiance. At visible wavelengths, smoke from forest fires obscures terrain features, while active eruptions show little degassing at breakouts (ruptured lava tubes). Lava flows exhibit a gradual increase in infrared radiance (>2 µm) from the edge of an emplaced flow to the central breakout. The hottest parts of the forest fire (which radiate similar amounts of energy to flow breakouts) are located within 90 m of the edge of the burn scar with the interior portions exhibiting sharp decreases in infrared radiance. The radiance measured at 10.4–12.4 µm relative to that at near‐infrared wavelengths (2.08–2.35 µm) suggests that the surface cracks exposing molten lava anneal proportionately with the progressive thickening of the flow crust, while burn scars, produced by forest fires, cool to pre‐burn background temperatures rapidly with only small areas of high‐temperature embers remaining. These differences will be important for the implementation of an automatic thermal‐anomaly detection system using satellite data.