gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CDG‐IL: An infant with a novel mutation in the<i>ALG9</i>gene and additional phenotypic features (2005)

Abstract We describe the second case of congenital disorder of glycosylation type IL (CDG‐IL) caused by deficiency of the ALG9 a1,2 mannosyltransferase enzyme. The female infant's features included psychomotor retardation, seizures, hypotonia, diffuse brain atrophy with delayed myelination, failure to thrive, pericardial effusion, cystic renal disease, hepatosplenomegaly, esotropia, and inverted nipples. Lipodystrophy and dysmorphic facial features were absent. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed volume loss in the cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum and delayed myelination. Laboratory investigations revealed low levels of multiple serum proteins including antithrombin III, factor XI, and cholesterol. Hypoglycosylation was confirmed by the typical CDG type 1 pattern of serum transferrin analyzed by isoelectric focusing. A defect in the ALG9 enzyme was suggested by the accumulation of the DolPP‐GlcNAc2Man6 and DolPP‐GlcNAc2Man8 in the patient's fibroblasts and confirmed by mutation analysis: the patient is homozygous for the ALG9 mutation p.Y286C. The causal effect of the mutation was shown by complementation assays in alg9 deficient yeast cells. The child described here further delineates the clinical spectrum of CDG‐IL and confirms the significant clinical overlap amongst CDG subtypes. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Cathodic Generation and Oxidation of Lead Zintl Ion Pb4‐9 in Potassium Iodide Solutions in Liquid Ammonia. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Islet amyloid-associated diabetes in obese A(vy)/a mice expressing human islet amyloid polypeptide. (1998)

We have previously shown that hemizygous transgenic mice expressing human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) in pancreatic beta-cells have no diabetic phenotype, whereas in the homozygous state, they developed severe, early-onset hyperglycemia associated with impaired insulin secretion and beta-cell death. We investigated the possibility that when the hemizygous mice are crossed onto an obese, insulin-resistant strain such as agouti viable yellow (A(vy)/a), they would exhibit a phenotype more akin to human type 2 diabetes. The hIAPP-expressing A(vy) males (TG-Y) displayed fasting hyperglycemia at 90 days of age and by 1 year progressed to severe hyperglycemia relative to their nontransgenic counterparts. Plasma insulin concentrations and pancreatic insulin content dropped 10- to 20-fold, suggesting severe impairment of beta-cell function. Histopathological findings revealed beta-cell degeneration and loss consistent with the drop in the plasma insulin concentration. In addition, large deposits of IAPP amyloid were present in TG-Y islets. We conclude that in transgenic mice expressing hIAPP, insulin resistance can induce overt, slow-onset diabetes associated with islet amyloid and decreased beta-cell mass.
Dose‐response curves to inhaled beta‐adrenoceptor agonists in normal and asthmatic subjects. (1983)

We have compared bronchodilator dose-response curves to inhaled salbutamol in seven normal and eight asthmatic subjects. In all normal subjects maximal bronchodilatation measured by partial flow volume curves was achieved at a cumulative dose of 110 micrograms. The dose necessary to produce half maximal response (ED50) was 23 +/- 2 micrograms (mean +/- s.e. mean) with a range of 18-28 micrograms. In asthmatic subjects maximal bronchodilatation measured by FEV1 and by maximal flow volume curves was achieved at significantly higher (P less than 0.01) doses of salbutamol with a mean ED50 of 83 +/- 28 micrograms and range of 25-251 micrograms. There was a significant (P less than 0.05) correlation between ED50 and % predicted baseline FEV1. This is more likely to reflect impaired access of drug for airway beta-adrenoceptors than impaired beta-adrenoceptor function in asthma. In five asthmatic subjects dose-response curves to salbutamol and isoprenaline were compared and found to be similar, thus providing no evidence that salbutamol is a partial agonist in vivo, as it appears to be in vitro.
Stimulus dependence of population receptive fields within the visual field maps and the visual word form area (2018)

Background FMRI responses to text in the visual word form area (VWFA) are larger than responses to other stimulus types. Here we try to understand the origin of these differences by analyzing signals in the visual field maps (V1, V2, V3, hV4). While the magnitude of the fMRI signal may not differentiate words vs. nonwords in the visual field maps, models of the signal may differentiate these stimulus types. Specifically, population receptive field (pRF) measurements for words versus nonword stimuli may differ not only in the VWFA but also in the visual field maps. Methods We fit pRFs to three types of stimuli: words, false font, and checkerboards. The subject performed a task at fixation while a rectangular aperture containing the stimulus traversed the visual field. Other stimulus manipulations included word size, language (Hebrew vs. English), and aperture size. We compared pRF estimates for different stimulus types across the visual areas and in the VWFA. Results Compared to word stimuli, pRFs measured with false font stimuli only differ in the VWFA. Compared to word stimuli, pRFs measured with checkerboard stimuli differ in the visual field maps. This difference is small in V1 and increases along the visual hierarchy. Compared to English words, pRFs measured with Hebrew words differ in the VWFA and and slightly in V3v, but not in the earliest visual field maps (V1 or V2v). Aperture size and word size also affect pRF parameters. Conclusions Language and stimulus properties have effects not only within the VWFA but also in the visual field maps. PRF modeling captures differences not observed in the magnitude of the fMRI signal. These differences may be relevant to modeling proper word form recognition and reading ability. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2018
Analysis and interpretation of single‐well tracer tests in stratified aquifers (1985)

This study deals with the definition and measurement of the dispersive properties of a stratified aquifer based on the single‐well tracer test. Knowledge of such dispersive properties are of fundamental importance to the evaluation, analysis, and simulation of contaminant migration in groundwater, a subject of great interest in recent years. In the single‐well test, tracer is pumped into the formation for a period of time and then pumped out. Concentration data are obtained from the injection‐withdrawal well and from one or more sampling‐observation wells which may be multilevel. Our analysis of such a test is based on a Lagrangian‐Eulerian numerical model which considers the depth‐dependent advection in the radial direction and local hydrodynamic dispersion in the vertical and radial directions. Results show that the movement of an injected tracer in a stratified aquifer may be accurately simulated without resorting to the use of a scale‐dependent, full aquifer dispersivity if the flow field is known in sufficient detail. When the advection process is simulated accurately, the values of local dispersivity will be small, constant, and on the order of those measured in the field or laboratory at individual levels in the aquifer. The full‐aquifer breakthrough curves measured in observation wells in a single‐well test in a stratified aquifer are determined by the hydraulic conductivity profile in the region between the injection‐withdrawal well and the observation well if the travel distance between these wells is typical of most test geometries. However, the relative concentration versus time data recorded at the injection‐withdrawal well during the withdrawal phase is primarily a measure of mixing in the aquifer due to local dispersion which has taken place during the experiment. The amount of mixing will depend on both the hydraulic conductivity distribution in the aquifer and the size of the experiment. As the experiment scale increases, the effects of local vertical dispersion will become larger compared to the effects of local radial dispersion. Local vertical dispersion will cause a solute traveling in a high‐conductivity layer in an aquifer to migrate into adjacent low‐conductivity layers where its movement will be relatively slow in comparison. In the initial design of a tracer test it is important to have some idea of the type of nonhomogeneity with which one is dealing. More information of a broad nature concerning the types or classifications of nonhomogeneities that exist in natural aquifers would be very useful. Future research in this area is needed.
Nanolitre‐scale assays to determine the activities of enzymes in individual plant cells (2003)

Summary There are a variety of methods for characterising gene expression at the level of individual cells and for demonstrating that the cells also contain the encoded proteins. However, measuring the activity of enzymes at the resolution of single cells in complex tissues, such as leaves, is problematic. We have addressed this by using single‐cell sampling to extract 10–100 pl droplets of sap from individual plant cells and then measuring enzyme activities in these droplets with nanolitre‐scale fluorescence‐based assays. We have optimised these assays and used them to measure and characterise the activities of acid phosphatase, cysteine protease and nitrate reductase in sap samples from epidermal and mesophyll cells of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) and Arabidopsis thaliana leaves exposed to different developmental and environmental conditions. During leaf senescence in barley, we found that the dynamics with which acid phosphatase and protease activities changed were different in each cell type and did not mirror the changes occurring at the whole‐leaf level. Increases in nitrate reductase activities after exposure of barley plants to nitrate were large in mesophyll cells but small in epidermal cells. The technique was applied successfully to Arabidopsis and, as in barley, revealed cell‐specific differences in the activities of both acid phosphatase and nitrate reductase. The assays add to the spectrum of techniques available for characterising cells within complex plant tissues, thus extending the opportunity to relate gene expression to biochemical activities at the single‐cell level.
A Discussion on the Shear-To Compressional-Mode (SP) – Theoretical, Practical and Economic (2004)

P023 A DISCUSSION ON THE SHEAR- TO COMPRESSIONAL-MODE (SP): THEORETICAL PRACTICAL AND ECONOMIC Abstract 1 While it is very common to acquire process and interpret compressional-mode (P) data that have been converted to the shear-mode (S) the reciprocal scenario S to P (SP) is very uncommon. We discuss some of the practical economic and theoretical issues associated with the SP mode. Since P-wave seismic is the standard within our industry SP will likely only be available when nine component data are being acquired. The two main advantages of SP over PS would be that we have a controlled source polarization
Role of Thyroid Hormone in Regulation of Renal Phosphate Transport in Young and Aged Rats<sup>1</sup> (1999)

In the present study, we have examined the cellular mechanisms mediating the regulation of renal proximal tubular sodium-coupled inorganic phosphate (Na/Pi) transport by thyroid hormone (T3) in young and aged rats. Young hypothyroid rats showed a marked decrease in Na/Pi cotransport activity, which was associated with parallel decreases in type II Na/Pi cotransporter (NaPi-2) protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance. In contrast, administration of long-term physiological and supraphysiological doses of T3 resulted in significant increases in Na/Pi cotransport activity, protein, and mRNA levels. Nuclear run-on experiments indicated that thyroid hormone regulates NaPi-2 mRNA levels by a transcriptional mechanism. In aged rats, although there were no changes in T3 serum levels (when compared with young animals), there were significant decreases in serum Pi concentration, renal Na/Pi cotransport activity, and NaPi-2 protein and mRNA abundance. These effects were mediated, at least in part, by a reduction in the transcriptional rate of the NaPi-2 gene, probably caused by, among other factors, a smaller response to the stimulatory action of T3. Compared with young rats, the old rats exhibited less sensitivity of the Na/Pi cotransporter to thyroid hormone, with-decreased effects in both hypothyroid (inhibitory) and hyperthyroid (stimulatory) animals.
Temporal and spatial valley dynamics in two-dimensional semiconductors probed via Kerr rotation (2017)

Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) offer a tantalizing platform for control of both spin and valley degrees of freedom, which may enable future optoelectronic devices with enhanced and novel functionalities. Here, we investigate the valley dynamics of two prototypical members of TMDCs, namely MoS₂ and WS e₂, using time-resolved Kerr rotation (TRKR) at temperatures from 10 K to 300 K. This pump-probe technique enables sub-picosecond temporal resolution, providing insight into ultrafast valley dynamics, which is inaccessible by polarized and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. Bi-exponential decay dynamics were observed for both materials at low temperatures, and the fast decay component indicated a rapid exciton valley depolarization time (<10ps) due to strong Coulomb exchange interactions between the K valleys. However, the slow decay components (several tens of picoseconds) were attributed to different origins in the two materials, which were further elucidated by temperature-dependent TRKR measurements. Moreover, the spatial dependence of the TRKR intensity across MoS₂ monolayer flakes indicated a weaker valley polarization near the edges, which is likely associated with quenched excitons near the grain boundaries or a disordered edge region in chemical vapor deposition–grown monolayers. These temporal and spatial TRKR measurements reveal insight into the complex dynamics of valley excitonic states, which will be critical for valleytronic applications of monolayer TMDCs.
Classification of access network types: ethernet, wireless LAN, ADSL, cable modem or dialup? (2005)

Ethernet, wireless LAN, ADSL, cable modem and dialup are common access networks, but have dramatically different characteristics. Fast and accurate classification of access network type can improve protocol or application performance significantly. In this paper, we propose a simple and efficient end-end scheme to classify the type of an access network into three categories: Ethernet, wireless LAN and low-bandwidth connection. Our scheme is based on the intrinsic characteristics of the various access networks and utilizes the median and entropy of packet pair inter-arrival times. Extensive experiments show that our scheme obtains accurate classification results in a very short time (10 to 100 seconds).
Mobile IP and the IETF (1998)

This is a report from your faithful IETF correspondent, covering some of the relevant events at the 42nd IETF conference in Chicago, IL. Milestones were reached, and promising new developments are taking shape. Chief among the milestones was the passage to Last Call of the mobility support protocol for IP version 6 (IPv6). New developments include accounting protocol extensions for Mobile IP, and interest forming around the possible convening of a BOF for IP and TCP over wireless links at the next IETF conference in December.
Preparation of Oriented Titanium Phosphate and Tin Phosphate/Polyaniline Hybrid Films by Electrochemical Deposition (2008)

The preparation of hybrid films of metal (Ti and Sn) phosphate nanosheets and polyaniline by simultaneous electrophoretic and electrolytic deposition was performed in an acetonitrile solvent. Emeraldine polyaniline was intercalated between the phosphate nanosheets with a monolayer arrangement. The obtained hybrid films were several tens of micrometers in thickness. The ratio of incorporated polyaniline to metal phosphate in the hybrid films reaches to around 0.45 and 0.30 at suitable concentrations of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH). These amounts correspond with occupancy of polyaniline in the interlayer gallery of several tens percent. Fractions of voids in a horizontal direction were around 22 and 1% in titanium phosphate/polyaniline and tin phosphate/polyaniline hybrid films, respectively. Thus, anodic electrodeposition makes it possible to form thick films of intercalation compounds of alpha-titanium and tin phosphates with polyaniline. These hybrid films were examined for redox activity. The cyclic voltammetry results of these films confirmed that the hybrid films have redox activity by polyaniline. For these voltammograms, the maximum current was observed in the tin phosphate/polyaniline hybrid deposited for 15 min. The redox activity of these hybrids possibly depends on the mesoscopic texture of the film, especially on the amount of voids in a horizontal direction.
Noninvasive Coronary Artery Imaging by Multislice Spiral Computed Tomography. A Novel Approach for a Retrospectively ECG-Gated Reconstruction Technique. (2003)

Although the excellent spatial resolution of multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) enables the coronary arteries to be visualized, its limited temporal resolution results in poor image reproducibility because of cardiac motion artifact (CMA) and hence limits its widespread clinical use. A novel retrospectively ECG-gated reconstruction method has been developed to minimize CMA. In 88 consecutive patients, the scan data were reconstructed using 2 retrospectively ECG-gated reconstruction methods. Method 1: the end of the reconstruction window (250 ms) was positioned at the peak of the P wave on ECG, which corresponded to the end of the slow filling phase during diastole immediately before atrial contraction. Method 2 (conventional method): relative retrospective gating with 50% referred to the R-R interval was performed so that the beginning of the reconstruction window (250 ms) was positioned at the halfway point between the R-R intervals of the heart cycle. The quality of the coronary artery images was evaluated according to the presence or absence of CMA. The assessment was applied to the left main coronary artery (LMCA), the left anterior descending artery (LAD, segments #6, #7 and #8), the left circumflex artery (LCx, segments #11 and #13) and the right coronary artery (RCA, segments #1, #2 and #3). The first diagonal artery (#9-1), the obtuse marginal artery (#12-1), the posterior descending artery (#4-PD), the atrioventricular node branch (#4-AV) and the first right ventricular branch (RV) were also evaluated. Of the 88 patients, 85 were eligible for image evaluation. Method 1 allowed visualization of the major coronary arteries without CMA in the majority of patients. The LCA system (segments #5-7, #11 and #13) and the proximal portion of the RCA were visualized in more than 94% of patients. Artifact-free visualization of the distal portion of the LAD (segment #8) and RCA (#4PD and #4AV), and side branches (#9-1, #12-1 and RV) was also achieved in more than 80% of patients. On the other hand, CMA occurred frequently on images obtained by Method 2. The LCx and RCA systems were the most affected by CMA, revealing only 41% artifact-free visualization of the segment #13, 39% of #1, 15% of #2 and 32% of #3. Thus, Method 1, which avoids the ventricular motion occurring during the rapid filling and atrial contraction phases, gives superior image quality over the conventional ECG-gated reconstruction method.
Three Important Calorimetric Applications of a Classic Thermodynamic Equation (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Slip-length measurement of confined air flow using dynamic atomic force microscopy (2008)

We present an experimental measurement of the slip length of air flow close to solid surfaces using an atomic force microscope (AFM) in dynamic mode. The air was confined between a glass surface and a spherical glass particle glued to an AFM cantilever. The Knudsen number was varied continuously over three decades by varying the distance between the two surfaces. Our results show that the effect of confining the air is purely dissipative. The data are described by an isothermal Maxwell slip-boundary condition, and the measured slip-length value was 118 nm .
Quality and Performance of Commercial Nanocomposite Scandate Tungsten Material (2019)

Nano-composite scandate tungsten cathodes have been demonstrated to have superior performance to other thermionic cathodes by researchers worldwide. Focus on quality and its relationship to emission performance is essential for transferring this transformational material technology to commercial applications. Metrics for evaluation of powder quality, sintered pellet quality, and emission performance have been established and are employed for manufacture of commercially viable large batch scale production process.
The Other Side of the River: Red China Today. By Edgar Snow. New York: Random House, 1962. xvi, 810. $10.00. (1963)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Japanese Datacasting Coding Scheme “BML” (2005)

This paper introduces a datacasting coding scheme named Broadcast Markup Language (BML), which is used for both satellite and terrestrial digital broadcasting in Japan. It is based on web technology standards; however, some extensions and restrictions are applied for broadcast. These extensions and restrictions are introduced in this paper.
New uses for old languages (1993)

The Australian television series Unknown Australia recently spoke of the Northern Territory as being 'where an ancient people cling to a way of life 40,000 years old.' For some reason many Australians like to think of Aboriginal people injust this way, even though most are now wearing Western clothes, living in Western-style houses, and participating to a great extent in a Western-style economy. It would be just as fair to characterise non-Aboriginal Australians as 'clinging' to ways of life one or two thousand years old, at least, because many of their social, political, and religious practices go back that far - and we seldom know for sure which Aboriginal practices go back much further than this. As the Aboriginal writer Colin Johnson (1985, 21) put it, the notion of: a stone-age culture (static and unchanging) is a myth created by those who should have known better and still put forth by those who should know better. All societies and cultures change and adapt, and this is fact not theory.