gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase II study of pemetrexed in combination with carboplatin in the first‐line treatment of advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (2005)

This is an active, very well-tolerated regimen. Trials focused on how to integrate this doublet with novel agents are warranted.
The role of <i>Cdx</i> genes in the gut and in axial development (2010)

The Cdx (Caudal-type homeobox) group of ParaHox genes (Cdx1, Cdx2 and Cdx4 in the mouse) perform multiple functions in mammalian development. Cdx1 is concerned with axial positional information, and its deletion appears to have no important effect other than a disturbance of axial patterning. In contrast, Cdx2 is required for trophoblast differentiation, axial patterning and extension, as well as for morphological specification (i.e. patterning) of gut endoderm. Cdx4-knockout animals do not present an abnormal phenotype, but, when combined with Cdx2 haploinsufficiency, present a dramatic picture involving abnormal cloacal specification. The latter is probably due in large part to defective paraxial mesodermal development in the caudal region, but may also involve defective endodermal growth. A significant degree of redundancy is apparent between the Cdx genes with respect to caudal extension and possibly also during gut development.
General orientational characteristics of heteroepitaxial layers of AIIBVI semiconductors on sapphire and semiconductor substrates with diamond and sphalerite structures (AIIIBV) (2002)

X-ray reflection and transmission diffractometric studies of nonisostructural heteroepitaxy showed that the spatial rotation of the crystal lattice of the grown heteroepitaxial layer with respect to the substrate lattice about the crystallographic direction common for both lattices is the most general characteristic feature of their mutual crystallographic orientation. This feature leads to the coincidence of the 〈0001〉 polar axis of the heteroepitaxial layer of the AIIBVI compounds with one of the 〈111〉 polar axes of the cubic substrate. The 30° and 90° rotations in the plane of heteroepitaxy and the vernier-type conjugating of the planar nets of the heteroepitaxial layer and the substrate are the particular cases of their mutual crystallographic orientations.
An improved boosting algorithm and its application to text categorization (2000)

We describe AdaBoost.MH , an improved boosting al- gorithm, and its application to text categorization. Boosting is a method for supervised learning which has successfully been applied to many different domains, and that has proven one of the best performers in text categorization exercises so far. Boosting is based on the idea of relying on the collec- tive judgment of a committee of classifiers that are trained sequentially. In training the i-th classifier special emphasis is placed on the correct categorization of the training docu- ments which have proven harder for the previously trained classifiers. AdaBoost.MHKR is based on the idea to build, at every iteration of the learning phase, not a single classi- fier but a sub-committee of the K classifiers which, at that iteration, look the most promising. We report the results of systematic experimentation of this method performed on the standard Reuters-21578 benchmark. These experiments have shown that AdaBoost.MHKR is both more efficient to train and more effective than the original AdaBoost.MHR algorithm.
RopGAP4-Dependent Rop GTPase Rheostat Control of <i>Arabidopsis</i> Oxygen Deprivation Tolerance (2002)

Transient soil flooding limits cellular oxygen to roots and reduces crop yield. Plant response to oxygen deprivation involves increased expression of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene (ADH) and ethanolic fermentation. Disruption of the Arabidopsis gene that encodes Rop (RHO-like small G protein of plants) guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activating protein 4 (ROPGAP4), a Rop deactivator, elevates ADH expression in response to oxygen deprivation but decreases tolerance to stress. Rop-dependent production of hydrogen peroxide via a diphenylene iodonium chloride-sensitive calcium-dependent reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase is necessary for induction of both ADH and RopGAP4 expression. Tolerance to oxygen deprivation requires Rop activation and RopGAP4-dependent negative feedback regulation. This Rop signal transduction rheostat balances the ability to increase ethanolic fermentation with survival.
Intense near-infrared and midinfrared luminescence from the Dy3+-doped GeSe2–Ga2Se3–MI (M=K, Cs, Ag) chalcohalide glasses at 1.32, 1.73, and 2.67 μm (2011)

The intense 1.32, 1.73, and 2.67 μm near-infrared and midinfrared emissions were observed from the Dy3+-doped GeSe2–Ga2Se3–MI (M=K, Cs, Ag) chalcohalide glasses. These glasses are red light transparent therefore can be pumped by a semiconductor lasers operating at ∼808 nm. The 2.67 μm emission has not been reported yet which corresponds to an absorption minimum in fluoride fibers and can be very useful for long distance communications. The intensity of emissions is very sensitive to the local chemical environment of Dy3+ ions embedded in these metal halide modified glasses. A plausible correspondence between the emission intensity and the average oscillator strength was found.
Enhanced Anticancer Activity of PF-04691502, a Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor, in Combination With VEGF siRNA Against Non–small-cell Lung Cancer (2016)

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in both men and women in the United States accounting for about 27% of all cancer deceases. In our effort to develop newer therapy for lung cancer, we evaluated the combinatory antitumor effect of siRNA targeting VEGF and the PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor PF-04691502. We analyzed the anticancer effect of siRNA VEGF and PF-04691502 combination on proliferation, colony formation and migration of A549 and H460 lung cancer cells. Additionally, we assessed the combination treatment antiangiogenic effect on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Here, we show for the first time that the antiangiogenic siRNA VEGF potentiates the PF-04691502 anticancer activity against non-small-cell lung cancer. We observed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in cell viability, colony formation, and migration for the combination comparing with the single drug treatment. We also showed a significant (P < 0.05) enhanced effect of the combination treatment inhibiting angiogenesis progression and tube formation organization compared to the single drug treatment groups. Our findings demonstrated an enhanced synergistic anticancer effect of siRNA VEGF and PF-04691502 combination therapy by targeting two main pathways involved in lung cancer cell survival and angiogenesis which will be useful for future preclinical studies and potentially for lung cancer patient management.
Efficacy of Cry1F Insecticidal Protein in Maize and Cotton for Control of Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (2008)

Efficacy of maize, Zea mays L., hybrids and cotton, Gossypium hirsutum (L.), varieties expressing Cry1F insecticidal crystal protein of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) var. aizawai Berliner (transformation event TC1507 in corn and event DAS-24236-5 in cotton) was evaluated for control of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith). Control of natural and artificial fall armyworm infestations of eggs and various larval stages to 3 Cry1F and non-Bt maize isoline pairs at V4-V7 corn growth stage was evaluated at 10 locations across the United States and Brazil. Varieties producing the Cry1F protein provided high levels of control. Furthermore, control provided by Cry1F-maize hybrids was frequently better than when fall armyworm were managed with 3 applications of foliar insecticides. Efficacy of transgenic Cry1Ac:Cry1F cotton against fall armyworm was evaluated for 5 varieties during anthesis in laboratory and natural infestation field studies in the southern United States. Laboratory colonies of fall armyworm originally collected from corn, bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon (L.), cotton, and royal paulownia, Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) and determined to be either the rice or corn-associated host strain, all resulted in low levels of survival when fed matures leaves of Cry1Ac:Cry1F-cotton. In natural infestation studies, levels of fall armyworm in squares (flower buds), flowers, and bolls (fruit), were significantly lower in cotton containing Cry1F as compared to non-Bt cotton. These results demonstrate that maize hybrids and cotton varieties containing Cry1F can be an important component in an overall management program for fall armyworm across a broad range of geographies and crops.
Characterization of an Iron-dependent Regulatory Sequence Involved in the Transcriptional Control of AtFer1and ZmFer1 Plant Ferritin Genes by Iron (2001)

In eukaryotic cells, ferritin synthesis is controlled by the intracellular iron status. In mammalian cells, iron derepresses ferritin mRNA translation, whereas it induces ferritin gene transcription in plants. Promoter deletion and site-directed mutagenesis analysis, combined with gel shift assays, has allowed identification of a new cis-regulatory element in the promoter region of the ZmFer1 maize ferritin gene. This Iron-Dependent Regulatory Sequence (IDRS) is responsible for transcriptional repression of ZmFer1 under low iron supply conditions. The IDRS is specific to the ZmFer1 iron-dependent regulation and does not mediate the antioxidant response that we have previously reported (Savino et al. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 33319-33326). In addition, we have cloned AtFer1, the Arabidopsis thaliana ZmFer1 orthologue. The IDRS element is conserved in the AtFer1 promoter region and is functional as shown by transient assay in A. thaliana cells and stable transformation in A. thaliana transgenic plants, demonstrating its ubiquity in the plant kingdom.
Staffing multi-skill call centers via search methods and a performance approximation (2009)

A multi-skill staffing problem in a call center where the agent skill sets are exogenous and the call routing policy has well-specified features of overflow between different agent types is addressed. Constraints are imposed on the service level for each call class, defined here as the steady-state fraction of calls served within a given time threshold, excluded. An approximation of these service levels is developed that allows an arbitrary overflow mechanism and customer abandonment. A two-stage heuristic that finds good solutions to mathematical programs with such constraints is developed. The first stage uses search methods supported by the approximation. Because service level approximation errors may be substantial, the solution is adjusted in a second stage in which performance is estimated by simulation. Realistic problems of varying size and routing policy are solved. The proposed approach is shown to be competitive with (and often better than) previously available methods.
Gentoo Linux: the next generation of Linux (2004)

The first item of business when installing a Linux system is to pick a distribution, or distro. The plethora of options includes Red Hat, Lindows, Debian, SuSe, Mandrake, Gen-too, and even the emerging Chinese standard, Red Flag. Gentoo Linux is a significant distro for several reasons. First, the entire OS is maintained from source code. Even when binary packages are directly installed, metadata shows precisely how the package was configured and built. Second, we need install the OS only once. We can get upgrades of the latest packages from one of the myriad Gentoo mirrors. Finally, it's completely free, regardless of intended use and configuration. Unlike Red Hat Linux, Gentoo Linux doesn't have a commercial edition, meaning users don't have to worry that something might be missing in the free version. This paper looks at some of Gentoo's salient features.
Optical alignment of an x-ray collimator (1981)

The hard x-ray imaging spectrometer (HXIS) is one of the instruments aboard the NASA Solar Maximum Mission satellite. For the imaging of solar flares in hard x rays HXIS employs a grid collimator with an 8-sec of arc FWHM angular resolution. The collimator consists of ten grid plates in a sequence. The position accuracy of the grids in their planes must be better than a few microns. This paper describes a simple optical alignment method developed to perform measurements of the grid positions with a precision of 1 microm.
Bringing CLARITY to gray matter atrophy (2014)

Gray matter atrophy has been shown to be a strong correlate to clinical disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its most commonly used animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the relationship between gray mater atrophy and the spinal cord pathology often observed in EAE has never been established. Here EAE was induced in Thy1.1-YFP mice and their brains imaged using in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The brains and spinal cords were subsequently optically cleared using Clear Lipid-exchanged Acrylamide-hybridized Rigid Imaging-compatible Tissue-hYdrogel (CLARITY). Axons were followed 5mm longitudinally in three dimensions in intact spinal cords revealing that 61% of the axons exhibited a mean of 22 axonal ovoids and 8% of the axons terminating in axonal end bulbs. In the cerebral cortex, we observed a decrease in the mean number of layer V pyramidal neurons and a decrease in the mean length of the apical dendrites of the remaining neurons, compared to healthy controls. MRI analysis demonstrated decreased cortical volumes in EAE. Cross-modality correlations revealed a direct relationship between cortical volume loss and axonal end bulb number in the spinal cord, but not ovoid number. This is the first report of the use of CLARITY in an animal model of disease and the first report of the use of both CLARITY and MRI.
Immobilization of-galactosidase inside hybrid silica nanocomposites containing polysaccharides (2006)

α-Galactosidase was encapsulated into sol-gel derived hybrid polysaccharide-silica nanocomposites. The main properties of the immobilized enzyme were studied.
Earth Stress Measurements in the South Belridge Oil Field, Kern County, California (1989)

Summary Earth stress magnitudes in the South Belridge oil field, determined from integrated density logs and microhydraulic fracturing tests, indicate that the vertical stress is generally the intermediate principal stress, except possibly at the deepest zone tested (2,100 ft [640 m]), where it is approximately equal to the lesser compressive horizontal stress. Azimuth of the greater horizontal stress and of induced hydraulic fractures, as measured or inferred by several different techniques, is N15°E±15°.
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PROSTAGLANDINS, LEUKOTRIENES AND OTHER MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION (1983)

Journal Article INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PROSTAGLANDINS, LEUKOTRIENES AND OTHER MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION Get access T J WILLIAMS, PhD T J WILLIAMS, PhD Department of Pharmacology Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Royal College of Surgeons of EnglandLondon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar British Medical Bulletin, Volume 39, Issue 3, 1983, Pages 239–242, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071826 Published: 01 September 1983
Toward the Accurate First-Principles Prediction of Ionization Equilibria in Proteins (2006)

The calculation of pK(a) values for ionizable sites in proteins has been traditionally based on numerical solutions of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation carried out using a high-resolution protein structure. In this paper, we present a method based on continuous constant pH molecular dynamics (CPHMD) simulations, which allows the first-principles description of protein ionization equilibria. Our method utilizes an improved generalized Born implicit solvent model with an approximate Debye-Hückel screening function to account for salt effects and the replica-exchange (REX) protocol for enhanced conformational and protonation state sampling. The accuracy and robustness of the present method are demonstrated by 1 ns REX-CPHMD titration simulations of 10 proteins, which exhibit anomalously large pK(a) shifts for the carboxylate and histidine side chains. The experimental pK(a) values of these proteins are reliably reproduced with a root-mean-square error ranging from 0.6 unit for proteins containing few buried ionizable side chains to 1.0 unit or slightly higher for proteins containing ionizable side chains deeply buried in the core and experiencing strong charge-charge interactions. This unprecedented level of agreement with experimental benchmarks for the de novo calculation of pK(a) values suggests that the CPHMD method is maturing into a practical tool for the quantitative prediction of protein ionization equilibria, and this, in turn, opens a door to atomistic simulations of a wide variety of pH-coupled conformational phenomena in biological macromolecules such as protein folding or misfolding, aggregation, ligand binding, membrane interaction, and catalysis.
Intelligent Predictive Maintenance (IPdM) for Elevator Service- Through CPS, IOTaS and Data Mining (2016)

With the rapid economic growth and urbanization development, most of elevator production and service companies have completely changed their service policy opting to eliminate the standard preventive service policy. They now provide some form of predictive service policy and emphasize that they utilize remote monitoring of elevators to detect faults and estimate when components may need to be maintained due to actual usage. However, most of them are not true predictive maintenance policy. They merely a preventive, slightly enhanced, usage-based program. What is the future of elevator production and service companies? This paper will challenge the word "predictive maintenance" and present the framework of intelligent predictive maintenance system for smart elevator service based on industry 4.0 concepts.
Arc diagrams: visualizing structure in strings (2003)

This paper introduces a new visualization method, the arc diagram, which is capable of representing complex patterns of repetition in string data. Arc diagrams improve over previous methods such as dotplots because they scale efficiently for strings that contain many instances of the same subsequence. This paper describes design and implementation issues related to arc diagrams and shows how they may be applied to visualize such diverse data as music, text, and compiled code.
Quantitative determination of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by agarose gel electrophoresis. (1979)

We have developed a procedure for the determination of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by agarose gel electrophoresis. Only 2 micro L of sample was applied to the gel. After electrophoresis at 90 V for 35 min, an enzymatic cholesterol reagent was applied. After a 30-min incubation, the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was quantified by densitometry. Precision for this measurment approaches that reported for the heparin-manganese/Abell-Kendall method (Clin. Chem, 25: 596--609, 1979). We evaluated accuracy by comparing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration measured by electrophoresis to that determined in the Framingham Heart Study procedure (J. Biol. Chem. 195: 357, 1952). The resulting correlation was excellent. By the paired Student's t-test, there was no significant difference between the two methods. The proposed method gives a linear standard curve when the concentration of total cholesterol is between 1.0 and 3.5 g/L. By accurate quantitation of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, agarose gel electrophoresis can aid in assessment of coronary heart disease risk for a large segment of the population.
The First Palladium‐Catalyzed 1,4‐Addition of Terminal Alkynes to Conjugated Enones. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pursuit of Nazi War Criminals in the United States and in Other Anglo-American Legal Systems (1998)

Following the termination of World War II, a number of suspected Nazi war criminals concealed their backgrounds in order to immigrate to the United States and to other Western democracies.These countries have adopted various responses to the presence of these former enemy combatants.'The investigation into Kurt Waldheim typifies the various considerations involved in determining the appropriate disposition of former members of the Nazi forces.In 1987, the Office of Special Investigations (OSI) of the United States Department of Justice determined that President Kurt Waldheim of Austria, the former Secretary General of the United Nations, had assisted or participated in Nazi-sponsored persecutions and was ineligible to enter the United States The OSI report documented Waldheim's involve-(A) the Nazi government of Germany, (B) any government in any area occupied by the military forces of the Nazi gov-
Run Time Interpretation for Creating Custom Accelerators (2016)

Despite the significant advancements that have been made in High Level Synthesis, the reconfigurable computing community has not yet managed to achieve a wide-spread use of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) by programmers. Existing barriers that prevent programmers from using FPGAs include the need to work within vendor specific CAD tools, knowledge of hardware programming models, and the requirement to pass each design through a very time-consuming synthesis, place and route process. In this paper we present a new approach that takes these barriers out of the design flows for programmers. We move synthesis out of the programmers path and instead rely on composing pre-synthesized building blocks using a domain-specific language that supports programming patterns tailored to FPGA accelerators. Our results show that the achieved performance of run time assembling accelerators is equivalent to synthesizing a custom block of hardware using automated HLS tools.
Input polling arbitration mechanism for a gigabitpacket switch (1996)

Two head of line (HOL) packet arbitration mechanisms in an input buffered gigabit packet switch are proposed. These mechanisms have significant advantages in simple implementation while their performances still remain at acceptable levels.
Detection of bone metastases in breast cancer by 18FDG PET: differing metabolic activity in osteoblastic and osteolytic lesions. (1998)

18FDG PET is superior to bone scintigraphy in the detection of osteolytic breast cancer metastases, which led to a poorer prognosis. In contrast, osteoblastic metastases show lower metabolic activity and are frequently undetectable by PET. The biologic explanation for this observation remains to be elucidated.
Reform calls for new relationships. (1993)

By looking beyond a medication's acquisition cost and assessing its impact on hospital resource utilization, we can gain a more accurate picture of its true economic and clinical value.
Task-dependent signal variations in EEG error-related potentials for brain–computer interfaces (2013)

The results demonstrate that a change in the operational task produces variations in the potentials, even when EEG activity exclusively originated in brain areas related to error processing is considered. Consequently, the extracted features from the signals vary, and a classifier trained with one operational task presents a significant loss of performance for other tasks, requiring calibration or adaptation for each new task. In addition, a new calibration for each of the studied tasks rapidly outperforms adaptive techniques designed in the literature to mitigate the EEG time-dependent non-stationarities.