gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence of a Novel Mechanism for Partial γ-Secretase Inhibition Induced Paradoxical Increase in Secreted Amyloid β Protein (2014)

BACE1 (β-secretase) and α-secretase cleave the Alzheimer's amyloid β protein (Aβ) precursor (APP) to C-terminal fragments of 99 aa (CTFβ) and 83 aa (CTFα), respectively, which are further cleaved by γ-secretase to eventually secrete Aβ and Aα (a.k.a. P3) that terminate predominantly at residues 40 and 42. A number of γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs), such as N-[N-(3,5-Difluorophenacetyl-L-alanyl)]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT), have been developed with the goal of reducing Aβ to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although most studies show that DAPT inhibits Aβ in a dose-dependent manner several studies have also detected a biphasic effect with an unexpected increase at low doses of DAPT in cell cultures, animal models and clinical trials. In this article, we confirm the increase in Aβ40 and Aβ42 in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells treated with low doses of DAPT and identify one of the mechanisms for this paradox. We studied the pathway by first demonstrating that stimulation of Aβ, a product of γ-secretase, was accompanied by a parallel increase of its substrate CTFβ, thereby demonstrating that the inhibitor was not anomalously stimulating enzyme activity at low levels. Secondly, we have demonstrated that inhibition of an Aβ degrading activity, endothelin converting enzyme (ECE), yielded more Aβ, but abolished the DAPT-induced stimulation. Finally, we have demonstrated that Aα, which is generated in the secretory pathway before endocytosis, is not subject to the DAPT-mediated stimulation. We therefore conclude that impairment of γ-secretase can paradoxically increase Aβ by transiently skirting Aβ degradation in the endosome. This study adds to the growing body of literature suggesting that preserving γ-secretase activity, rather than inhibiting it, is important for prevention of neurodegeneration.
Geometric Representations and Transformations (2006)

This chapter provides important background material that will be needed for Part II. Formulating and solving motion planning problems require defining and manipulating complicated geometric models of a system of bodies in space. Section 3.1 introduces geometric modeling, which focuses mainly on semi-algebraic modeling because it is an important part of Chapter 6. If your interest is mainly in Chapter 5, then understanding semi-algebraic models is not critical. Sections 3.2 and 3.3 describe how to transform a single body and a chain of bodies, respectively. This will enable the robot to “move.” These sections are essential for understanding all of Part II and many sections beyond. It is expected that many readers will already have some or all of this background (especially Section 3.2, but it is included for completeness). Section 3.4 extends the framework for transforming chains of bodies to transforming trees of bodies, which allows modeling of complicated systems, such as humanoid robots and flexible organic molecules. Finally, Section 3.5 briefly covers transformations that do not assume each body is rigid.
Detection of four distinct groups of hen egg allergens binding IgE in the sera of children with egg allergy (2005)

The first three sets of allergens consisted of egg white proteins as follows: firstly, lysozyme and ovalbumin; secondly, ovomucoid; and thirdly, ovomucin. The fourth set contained the egg white protein ovotransferrin and the egg yolk proteins apovitellenins I and VI and phosvitin. The existence of patient groups may explain why various workers have reported different allergens to be important in egg hypersensitivity. A sufficiently large number of patients must be examined so as to give a representative distribution across each group, otherwise the results may be biased towards one allergen.
Predictors of Immunosuppressive Regulatory T Lymphocytes in Healthy Women (2012)

Immunosuppressive regulatory T (Treg) cells play an important role in antitumor immunity, self-tolerance, transplantation tolerance, and attenuation of allergic response. Higher proportion of Treg cells has been observed in peripheral blood of cancer cases compared to controls. Little is known about potential epidemiological predictors of Treg cell levels in healthy individuals. We conducted a cross-sectional study including 75 healthy women, between 20 and 80 years of age, who participated in the Data Bank and BioRepository (DBBR) program at Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI), Buffalo, NY, USA. Peripheral blood levels of CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) Treg cells were measured using flow cytometric analysis. A range of risk factors was evaluated using Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and linear regression. Age, smoking, medications for treatment of osteoporosis, postmenopausal status, body mass index (BMI), and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) were found to be significant positive predictors of Treg cell levels in peripheral blood (P ≤ 0.05). Higher education, exercise, age at first birth, oral contraceptives, and use of Ibuprofen were found be significant (P < 0.05) negative predictors of Treg levels. Thus, various epidemiological risk factors might explain interindividual variation in immune response to pathological conditions, including cancer.
Partitioning of Chromosomal DNA during Establishment of Cellular Asymmetry in<i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (2002)

The switch from symmetric to asymmetric cell division is a key feature of development in many organisms, including Bacillus subtilis sporulation. Here we demonstrate that, prior to the onset of asymmetric cell division, the B. subtilis chromosome is partitioned into two unequally sized domains, with the origin-proximal one-third of the future forespore chromosome condensed near one pole of the cell. Asymmetric chromosome partitioning is independent of polar division, as it occurs in cells depleted of FtsZ but depends on two transcription factors that govern the initiation of sporulation, sigma(H) and Spo0A-P. It is also independent of chromosome partitioning proteins Spo0J and Soj, suggesting the existence of a novel mechanism controlling chromosome structure. Thus, our results demonstrate that, during sporulation, two separable events prepare B. subtilis for asymmetric cell division: the relocation of cell division sites to the cell poles and the asymmetric partitioning of the future forespore chromosome.
Parameter extraction technique for accurate measurement of minority electron mobility in N-p-n AlGaAs/GaAs HBTs (2002)

Determination of the experimental value of minority electron mobility mu /sub n//sup p/ in p-type GaAs doped to 3.0*10/sup 19/ cm/sup -3/ at 300 K is discussed. The value was obtained by extracting the base transit time using the plot of total emitter-collector transit time vs. 1/I/sub e/ and parameter extraction of extrinsic parasitics. The experimental value of 2240 cm/sup 2//V-s is in good agreement with theoretical predictions which show the increase of mu /sub n//sup p/ with increasing doping concentrations at doping range larger than 10/sup 19/ cm/sup -3/. Using this parameter extraction technique, the reduction of the base transit time was observed in the Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As/GaAs composition graded base HBT.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Studies on Cytotoxicity Generated in Human Mixed Lymphocyte Cultures (1979)

Abstract In addition to the allospecific killing detected against Con A blasts, 5-day MLC (X vs Ym) cells have a cytotoxic effect against K562 and the autologous (X) lymphoblastoid cell line (auto LCL). This effect is designated as anomalous killing or, AK. Both the AK and allospecific killing could be generated with purified E-rosetting cells, indicating that the effectors were T cells. However, they appeared to belong to different populations, based on three criteria: 1) Upon secondary challenge with the original stimulating cells, allospecific killing displayed a classical memory response. In contrast, peak AK activity against both K562 and the auto LCL was weaker in the secondary, compared to the primary culture. 2) The AK and allo targets did not cross-compete in cold target inhibition tests. 3) AK and allocytotoxicity distributed differently after fractionation of the MLC cells on immobilized immune complexes (IC plates). AK effectors may be similar to natural killer (NK) cells, as they preferentially kill K562 and other NK-sensitive targets. However, the anti-K562 effect was not entirely the result of persisting NK cells because the activity could be generated from Fc receptor-negative, NK-negative precursors. Furthermore, in contrast to NK cells, the AK effector cells could not be efficiently depleted by attachment to IC plates, suggesting that NK and AK differ with respect to expression of Fc receptors. The relationship between these two effects, as well as the conditions involved in activating AK, requires further clarification.
Oxidant stress from nitric oxide synthase–3 uncoupling stimulates cardiac pathologic remodeling from chronic pressure load (2005)

Cardiac pressure load stimulates hypertrophy, often leading to chamber dilation and dysfunction. ROS contribute to this process. Here we show that uncoupling of nitric oxide synthase–3 (NOS3) plays a major role in pressure load–induced myocardial ROS and consequent chamber remodeling/hypertrophy. Chronic transverse aortic constriction (TAC; for 3 and 9 weeks) in control mice induced marked cardiac hypertrophy, dilation, and dysfunction. Mice lacking NOS3 displayed modest and concentric hypertrophy to TAC with preserved function. NOS3–/– TAC hearts developed less fibrosis, myocyte hypertrophy, and fetal gene re-expression (B-natriuretic peptide and α–skeletal actin). ROS, nitrotyrosine, and gelatinase (MMP-2 and MMP-9) zymogen activity markedly increased in control TAC, but not in NOS3–/– TAC, hearts. TAC induced NOS3 uncoupling in the heart, reflected by reduced NOS3 dimer and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), increased NOS3-dependent generation of ROS, and lowered Ca2+-dependent NOS activity. Cotreatment with BH4 prevented NOS3 uncoupling and inhibited ROS, resulting in concentric nondilated hypertrophy. Mice given the antioxidant tetrahydroneopterin as a control did not display changes in TAC response. Thus, pressure overload triggers NOS3 uncoupling as a prominent source of myocardial ROS that contribute to dilatory remodeling and cardiac dysfunction. Reversal of this process by BH4 suggests a potential treatment to ameliorate the pathophysiology of chronic pressure-induced hypertrophy.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Indenes by Intramolecular Morita—Baylis—Hillman Reaction in Aqueous Media Catalyzed by Resin‐Supported Proline. (2011)

Abstract In case of substrates (III), an isomerization leads to formation of mixture of an inseparable mixture of isomers.
DNA Testing in the Forensic Laboratory (1998)

DNA tests have many advantages over traditional serologic methods. They are more powerful and applicable in a greater variety of specimens. Since DNA testing began being used in forensic testing in the past decade, techniques have developed rapidly. Methods include analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms, dot blots of allelic sequence information, short tandem repeats, and mitochondrial sequence determination. The quality assurance standards for DNA testing are very stringent and must meet numerous guidelines required by the forensic community and by the court system.
British Graham Land Expedition, 1934-37: Discussion (1938)

Henry Balfour, Mr. Hampton, R. E. D. Ryder, Harry Batterbee, Herbert Henniker-Heaton, J. M. Wordie, H. R. Mill, William Goodenough, British Graham Land Expedition, 1934-37: Discussion, The Geographical Journal, Vol. 91, No. 5 (May, 1938), pp. 434-438
DEMMIN - Test site for calibration and validation of remote sensing based value added information products with respect to agriculture (2009)

The presentation gives an overview of the aspects:\n\nGeneral conditions of remote sensing (Fleet of Earth observation systems for GMES; Analysis of conditions and test sites designed for remote sensing)\n\nObservatory characteristic needed for remote sensing (Site characteristic and natural conditions of test site DEMMIN, Heterogenity of test site conditions)\n\nData basis of observatory DEMMIN (Data basis derived from precision farming management, Scientifically campaigns by airborne / spaceborne remote sensing) \n\nFurther development of the observatory DEMMIN (Implementation of infrastructure, Cooperation aspects)
Nanoscale magnetic heat pumps and engines (2010)

We present the linear-response matrix for a sliding domain wall in a rotatable magnetic nanowire, which is driven out of equilibrium by temperature and voltage bias, mechanical torque, and magnetic field. An expression for heat-current-induced domain-wall motion is derived. Application of Onsager's reciprocity relation leads to a unified description of the Barnett and Einstein-de Haas effects as well as spin-dependent thermoelectric properties. We envisage various heat pumps and engines, such as coolers driven by magnetic fields or mechanical rotation as well as nanoscale motors that convert temperature gradients into useful work. All parameters (with the exception of mechanical friction) can be computed microscopically by the scattering theory of transport.
The Effect of Quasibound State Lifetime on the Speed of Resonant-Tunneling Diodes (1989)

Recent optical experiments have directly measured the quasibound-state lifetime in resonant-tunneling structures [1]. The results indicate that this lifetime is close to that predicted by the coherent model of the process. The present paper deals with the effect of this lifetime on the electrical response of the double-barrier diode at high frequencies.
Evaluating impacts for competing land use alternatives (1997)

Public sector decisions concerning land use can benefit from a consistent accounting of economic values represented in alternative uses. While conventional economic valuation may not represent all interests bearing on optimal land use, ignorance or misuse of economic principles in the decision process may lead to socially undesirable outcomes. We make use of an impact assessment technique based on the U.S. Forest Service Micro IMPLAN model to compile and measure the economic consequences of alternative agricultural land use. This approach provides consistent measurement of economic impacts based on quantified linkages among the different sectors represented in Hood River County, Oregon. An orchard and a golf course are compared in terms of the magnitude and distribution of direct, indirect, and induced economic impacts arising from alternative uses of a designated land parcel. While the results are not generalizable to specific applications, the approach highlights the key economic variables that generate economic benefits in alternative uses.
Applications of micro-CT and MR microscopy to study pre-clinical models of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis (1998)

There is a tremendous unmet therapeutic need for the treatment of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. The ovariectomized rat and the guinea pig are widely used animal models for the evaluation of new therapeutics for osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, res
Multiple-pulse damage thresholds on the retinal pigment epithelium layer using top hat profiles (2020)

Previous studies of laser-induced multiple-pulse damage measurements of the retina determined inconsistent thresholds in the thermo-mechanical damage regime. This inconsistency might be due to biological variability, measurement techniques as well as methodological challenges which occur during the use of explants. For better comparability with state-of-the-art measurements, we use a top hat irradiance profile to produce a uniform energy density and monitor the beam profile at the retinal pigment epithelium layer. This approach is applied in order to determine damage thresholds in the lower nanosecond regime for pulse sequences. The irradiation experiments were performed using a Q-switched, frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser (532 nm wavelength, 1.8 ns pulse, 25 Hz, 319 μm-diameter, squared top hat). Freshly isolated porcine eyes were used as models for measurements of laserinduced thermo-mechanical damage. After removal of the sensory retina the retinal pigment epithelium layer attached to the sclera was irradiated. Four pulse trains (N = 1, 10, 100 and 1 000) were examined and evaluated concerning damage threshold via fluorescence microscopy. The ED<sub>50</sub>, expressed as energy per pulse, decreases from 33.9 J for N = 1 to 20.3 J for N = 1 000. The multiple-pulse threshold trend which was measured can neither be described by current methods such as the probability-summation-model nor by the N−<sup>0,25</sup>- approach which is also partly used within the laser safety standard. Therefore we discuss possible pulse interactions which could explain the multiple-pulse behavior in the thermo-mechanical damage regime. Their implications might present the build-up of a new, more accurate theory to describe the reduction factors of thermo-mechanical damage-inducing doses with increasing pulse numbers.
A self-learning rule base for command following in dynamical systems (1992)

In this paper, a self-learning Rule Base for command following in dynamical systems is presented. The learning is accomplished though reinforcement learning using an associative memory called SAM. The main advantage of SAM is that it is a function approximator with explicit storage of training samples. A learning algorithm patterned after the dynamic programming is proposed. Two artificially created, unstable dynamical systems are used for testing, and the Rule Base was used to generate a feedback control to improve the command following ability of the otherwise uncontrolled systems. The numerical results are very encouraging. The controlled systems exhibit a more stable behavior and a better capability to follow reference commands. The rules resulting from the reinforcement learning are explicitly stored and they can be modified or augmented by human experts. Due to overlapping storage scheme of SAM, the stored rules are similar to fuzzy rules.
Scanning electron-microscopic and light-optic investigations of erythrocytes in toxic anaemia. (1981)

Detailed assessment of the peculiarities of erythrocyte morphology by applying scanning electron microscopy and light-optics methods gives valuable information on the age characteristics, functional failures of the erythrocyte, pathogenesis of anaemia, and also diagnosis. In toxic anaemia caused by the chronic effect of lead and chlorobenzene there is accumulation of aging erythrocytes in blood that are spherical with rough and folded surfaces, fragmented with protuberances, processes, crypt-like hollows, and holes. In lead intoxication there is increased destruction of erythrocytes; anaemia caused by chlorobenzene is mainly due to a decreased entry of the young forms of the erythrocyte into the blood. Light-optics investigation combined with scanning electron microscopy allows a quantitative calculation of erythrocytes with abnormalities of form and surfaces. This may be used as an additional diagnostic test as part of the haematological examination of patients with anaemia.
Regulation of the expression of galactoside-binding lectin during human monocytic differentiation. (1993)

The widely distributed hL-31 (CBP35, epsilon BP, mL-34, L-29, Mac-2) is a Ca(2+)-independent galactoside-binding lectin which functions as a receptor on mammalian cells for glycoproteins containing poly-N-acetyllactosamine side chains. Little is known about the regulation of its expression. The human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL-60, was used to determine whether expression of hL-31 (Mac-2) correlated with macrophage/monocyte differentiation. Nondifferentiated HL-60 cells and HL-60 cells grown in the presence of 1.24 microM retinoic acid expressed only trace amounts of hL-31. In contrast, both hL-31 transcripts and protein were detected at 8 h after addition of 17 nM 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and reached maximal levels at 24 h. Addition of actinomycin D along with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate blocked accumulation of hL-31 mRNA. In contrast, addition of actinomycin D to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-treated HL-60 cells that had already accumulated high levels of hL-31 mRNA did not cause significant reduction in RNA levels until 6-8 h had elapsed. Since increased hL-31 expression was not associated with an increase in transcriptional activity of the hL-31 gene, these results suggest that hL-31 expression is regulated at the posttranscriptional level, at least in part, by stabilization of its mRNA. The results also indicate that the processes leading to increased hL-31 expression in HL-60 cells may be specific to differentiation along the monocyte/macrophage pathway.
TRENDS IN SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE IN THE THOUSAND AVIATOR COHORT OVER A 24-YEAR PERIOD, (1967)

Age, weight, and parental longevity effects on trends in systolic blood pressure in thousand aviator cohort over 24 year period
IEEE AP-S Chapter Updates and Activities Planned for 2017 [Chapter News] (2017)

Reports on various activities and events of APS society chapters.
Elevated S100A12 and sRAGE are associated with increased length of hospitalization after non-urgent coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. (2013)

Increased sRAGE and S100A12 after cardiac surgery is associated with prolonged length of hospitalization in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting; however, we did not observe an intrinsic effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on S100A12 or sRAGE plasma levels in our small pilot study. Further studies are required to confirm the value of sRAGE and S100A12 in predicting postoperative complications after cardiac surgery in a larger study.
Autoantibodies to murine type II collagen in collagen-induced arthritis: a comparison of susceptible and nonsusceptible strains (1996)

Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is an experimental autoimmune disease elicited in genetically susceptible strains of mice by immunization with heterologous type II collagen. This experimental disease is mediated by the immune response of both T cells and B cells, and susceptibility is restricted by the class II molecules of the MHC. In this study we identify specific epitopes bound by autoantibodies elicited through immunization of several haplotypes of C57BL/10 mice with chick alpha1 (II)-CB11. ELISA analysis using a panel of 15-mer murine type II collagen peptides revealed a pattern of autoantibody epitope specificity that was remarkably similar among CIA-susceptible and nonsusceptible congenic strains, regardless of class II haplotype. However, one epitope was identified that was bound only by autoantibodies from CIA-susceptible strains bearing I-A(q) (B10.Q and B10.QbetaBR). In addition, this epitope was also present within affinity-purified Ab obtained from the CIA-susceptible strain DBA/1 (I-A(q)). Analyses of immune serum from B10.Q and B10.QbetaBR mice revealed that a subset of the antibodies binding this epitope were of the IgG2 subclass, and therefore efficient at fixing complement, a requirement for pathogenicity of the Abs in CIA.