gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Urinary beta 2-microglobulin levels and urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase enzyme activities in early diagnosis of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus nephropathy. (1994)

To assess whether urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-MG) levels could be used as predictors of diabetic nephropathy or not, 59 non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients were included in our study (31 females, 29 males; mean age 54 +/- 10.1). The control group consisted of 20 healthy non-diabetic subjects (12 males and 8 females; mean age 47 +/- 13.9). The patients in the study group were classified according to the duration of diabetes. In all cases, urinary beta 2-MG levels were measured by specific enzyme immunoassays and urinary NAG enzyme activities were determined by colorimetric methods. The mean urinary NAG level in study group was higher than that of the control group (p < 0.01). It was observed that NAG activity begins to rise in the third year of NIDDM, makes a plateau between 3-10 years, and rapidly increases after the 10th year. No significant difference in NAG activity was found between chemical NIDDM and control groups. No significant difference in beta 2-MG levels was found between study and control groups. The mean NAG activity in patients with early glomerular hyperfiltration was significantly higher than those without early hyperfiltration and control group (p < 0.05), whereas the mean beta 2-MG level was not. As a result, urinary NAG enzyme activity significantly increases, while urinary beta 2-MG level remains unchanged in patients with NIDDM. It was concluded that measurement of urinary NAG enzyme activity may be a good indicator in early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy.
The cavity-chaperone Skp protects its substrate from aggregation but allows independent folding of substrate domains (2009)

Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of gram-negative bacteria are synthesized in the cytosol and must cross the periplasm before insertion into the outer membrane. The 17-kDa protein (Skp) is a periplasmic chaperone that assists the folding and insertion of many OMPs, including OmpA, a model OMP with a membrane embedded beta-barrel domain and a periplasmic alphabeta domain. Structurally, Skp belongs to a family of cavity-containing chaperones that bind their substrates in the cavity, protecting them from aggregation. However, some substrates, such as OmpA, exceed the capacity of the chaperone cavity, posing a mechanistic challenge. Here, we provide direct NMR evidence that, while bound to Skp, the beta-barrel domain of OmpA is maintained in an unfolded state, whereas the periplasmic domain is folded in its native conformation. Complementary cross-linking and NMR relaxation experiments show that the OmpA beta-barrel is bound deep within the Skp cavity, whereas the folded periplasmic domain protrudes outside of the cavity where it tumbles independently from the rest of the complex. This domain-based chaperoning mechanism allows the transport of beta-barrels across the periplasm in an unfolded state, which may be important for efficient insertion into the outer membrane.
Advanced Accelerator Concepts (1994)

High-energy accelerators have been physicists’ main tools for exploring the building blocks of matter for more than 60 years. During this time the particle energy has increased exponentially as a result of a combination of improvements in existing machines and the invention of new acceleration techniques. Historically, whenever a given type of accelerator has reached the limit of its performance, an innovative idea for particle manipulation, storage, cooling or acceleration has made possible experiments at ever higher energies. The tremendous increase in the energy of accelerators has not, however, been without an increase in capital costs. The cancellation of the Superconducting Super Collider makes timely an examination of possible alternative concepts for investigating some of the same physics.
PCR Using Q5® Hot Start High-Fidelity DNA Polymerase (M0493) v2 (2020)

Q5®Hot Start High-Fidelity DNA Polymerase is a high-fidelity, thermostable, hot start DNA polymerase with 3´→ 5´ exonuclease activity, fused to a processivity-enhancing Sso7d domain to support robust DNA amplification. The addition of an aptamer-based inhibitor allows room temperature reaction setup. With an error rate ~280-fold lower than that ofTaqDNA Polymerase, Q5 Hot Start High-Fidelity DNA Polymerase is ideal for cloning and can be used for long or difficult amplicons. Q5 Hot Start High-Fidelity DNA Polymerase is supplied with an optimized buffer system that allows robust amplification regardless of GC content. The 5X Q5 Reaction Buffer contains 2 mM Mg++at final (1X) reaction concentrations and is recommended for most routine applications. For GC-rich targets (≥ 65% GC), amplification can be improved by the addition of the 5X Q5 High GC Enhancer. Q5 Hot Start High-Fidelity DNA Polymerase is unlike typical, lower fidelity PCR enzymes. To determine the optimal annealing temperatures for a given set of primers, use of the NEB TmCalculatoris highly recommended.
Steering timing prediction in a driving simulator task (2013)

In this paper we present the preliminary results of a pioneering attempt to predict the timing of steering actions in a driving task from non-invasive EEG measurements. The experiment took place with the subjects driving a car at a constant speed on a simulated highway in a driving simulator. The EEG activity was analyzed during periods of straight driving and during lane change actions. Classifiers were built on the signals recorded over the motor areas for straight and pre-steering periods. The onset of the steering actions was detected on average 811 ms before the action with a 74.6% true positive rate.
Stucco Keratosis (1972)

Stucco keratosis is an acral keratotic papule that occurs on the distal portions of the lower extremities and is acquired during the advance of years. When the lesion is removed, a peripheral collarette of scale remains without bleeding. Histopathological study shows epidermal hyperplasia of the "church-spire" pattern, accompanied by little or no dermal infiltrate. This common lesion, which is usually asymptomatic, probably goes unrecognized, because of its banal and inconspicuous nature.
Functional Electric Stimulation–Assisted Exercise Therapy ystem for Hemiplegic Hand Function (2004)

Objective: To test a functional electric stimulation (FES)– ssisted exercise therapy system for improvement of motor unction of the hemiplegic upper extremity. Design: A before-after trial, with 2-month follow-up. Setting: A university research laboratory. Participants: A convenience sample of 6 subjects (3 men, 3 omen). Main inclusion criteria were that stroke had occurred ore than 1 year before the study (mean time poststroke, .6 4.4y) and had resulted in hemiplegia, and that FES prouced adequate hand opening. Intervention: A prototype workstation with instrumented bjects was used by subjects to perform a set of tasks with their ffected hand during 1-hour sessions for 12 consecutive workays. A FES stimulator was used to assist hand opening. Main Outcome Measures: Kinematic data, provided by the orkstation sensors, and 3 clinical tests. Results: Kinematic data indicated statistically significant mprovement in subjects’ performance (pre-/posttreatment efect size [pre/post ES] of the mean performance scores 5.46; ean pretreatment/follow-up ES [pre/FU ES] 3.44). Two of 3 linical tests showed improvement in hand function (mean re/post ES .51; mean pre/FU ES .61). Conclusions: Improvement in hemiplegic hand function beause of FES-assisted therapy was documented in a small roup of people with hemiplegia whose motor impairment ould exclude them from participation in constraint-induced ovement therapy. However, the long-term clinical relevance f such improvement needs further study.
The Effect of Anticipatory Coarticulation of Bi-syllabic Words in Chinese (2014)

In this experiment, trans-segmental vowel-to-vowel anticipatory coarticulatory effect in Chinese is examined. The target words are in the form of "bi.bV 2 " structure, and the subjects are eight native speakers of Mandarin Chinese. Vowel formants are analyzed at the offset, middle and onset points of the target vowel. Results show that trans-segmental coarticulatory effect does exist in Chinese, especially at the offset point of the target vowel, and coarticulatory effect does not extend to the middle or the offset points of the vowel.
Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation in Patients With Malignancy (2007)

Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV) is now accepted as the treatment of choice for subgroups of patients with acute respiratory failure. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation has traditionally not been considered in the management strategy of patients with malignancy; however, this mode of ventilatory support may be appropriate in some specific situations. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation is the preferred initial mode of ventilatory support in patients with hematologic malignancies or after bone marrow transplantation who develop acute respiratory failure. In these patients, NIPPV should be initiated early; severe respiratory distress and altered mental status require conventional mechanical ventilation. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation should be considered in select patients with cancer who develop respiratory failure and have a do-not-intubate code status. In rare instances, NIPPV may have a role in treating patients with advanced cancer who have intractable dyspnea; however, NIPPV should not be used for the sole purpose of prolonging life in patients with terminal respiratory failure.
Input Feature Selection Method Based on Feature Set Equivalence and Mutual Information Gain Maximization (2019)

Feature selection is the first and essential step for dimension reduction in many application areas, such as data mining and machine learning, due to its computational efficiency and interpretability of the results. This paper focuses on feature selection methods based on information theory. By studying and analyzing the ideas and drawbacks of existing feature selection methods, it finds that in the process of feature selection separately focuses on a candidate feature its individual relationship with the predicted class vector may lead to some problems. And we believe that when the candidate feature is combined with the selected features, its comprehensive discriminative ability should be taken as the evaluation index of the candidate feature. Therefore, we propose a novel feature selection method in this paper. In the proposed method, we introduced the equivalent partition concept and adopted the mutual information gain maximize (MIGM) criterion to evaluate the candidate feature. In order to estimate the performance of MIGM, we conducted experiments on ten benchmark datasets and two different classifiers, k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Naïve-Bayes (NB). Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our method can identify an effective feature subset that leads to better classification results than other methods.
Open-Plan Era (2014)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTOpen-Plan EraView Author Information C&EN LondonCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2014, 92, 20, 20–23Publication Date (Print):May 19, 2014Publication History Published online31 March 2015Published inissue 19 May 2014https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-09220-bus2https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-09220-bus2newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2014 Chemical & Engineering NewsArticle Views7Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Exploring the rising incidence of neuroendocrine tumors: A population‐based analysis of epidemiology, metastatic presentation, and outcomes (2014)

The incidence of NETs has markedly increased over the course of 15 years. This is the first study to provide evidence suggesting that the increase in the incidence of NETs may be due to increased detection. In addition to tumor characteristics, low income and rural residency portend worse survival for patients with NETs.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Amines via Catalytic Enantioselective Isomerization of Imines (2012)

A new approach toward the asymmetric synthesis of optically active trifluoromethylated amines was enabled by an unprecedented, highly enantioselective catalytic isomerization of trifluoromethyl imines with a new chiral organic catalyst. Not only aryl but also alkyl trifluoromethylated amines could be obtained in high enantioselectivities.
Scientometric study of patent literature in medicine (2008)

A scientometric study was performed to assess the quantitative trend of patent literature in MEDLINE throughout 1965-2005. The kind of languages, publication type, journals, and the origin of published documents were presented.\nThe study showed that the growth of patent literature in MEDLINE with an annual growth of 11.4% was 3.6 times higher than the common growth of the MEDLINE database which had an annual growth of 3.1% through 1965-2005.\nMore than 90% of all documents indexed as "patents" in MEDLINE were in English followed by Russian (4.12%), French (1.36%) and German (1.20%). \nThe origin country of four documents stayed unknown (in MEDLINE).\nJournal "Nature" with publishing 14% of all documents, indexed as patents (patent literature) in PubMed was the most prolific periodical, followed by journal "Science" with 8%, "Nature-biotechnology" with 8%, "Lancet" with 2%, "BMJ" with 2%, "New Scientist" with 2% and "Food and drug law" with 1% respectively.\nFrom a total of 31 publications kind regarding to the documents indexed as patents in MEDLINE with a total frequencies of 3,207 titles, 46% of all publications were in the form of journal Articles, 22% in the form of News, 5% Letter, 5% Comment, 4% Review, 3% Editorial, 2% Newspaper Article, 2% Research Support, 2% English Abstract. The rest were less than 2%.\nThe proportion of publications in English showed considerable growth through 1965-2005. It reached from 52% in 1965 to 90% in 2005 an increase of 72%. Analysis of study predicted that the percentage of publications in English in MEDLINE will reach to the saturation level at 97% in 2030. This indicates that the editorial policy of entering data to the database of MEDLINE is being changed, and the atention of policy makers in this database have focused on the literature of science in English.
Reduction of Dot Crawl and Rainbow Artifacts in the NTSC Video (2007)

In the encoder of the National Television System Committee (NTSC) system, a composite video burst signal (CVBS) is generated using the luminance (Y) signal and the quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulated chrominance (C) signal. In the decoder, it is important that the CVBS be accurately separated into luminance and chrominance signals by a Y/C separation filter. Otherwise, various artifacts, such as dot crawl, rainbow effect, and color bleeding, appear in a decoded video, degrading the quality of the decoded video. In addition, modern high-definition television (HDTV) system suffers from outdated analog decoding artifacts when HDTV compression techniques were applied to the not ideally decoded former standard-definition format video images. This paper proposes artifact reduction methods of dot crawl and rainbow effect using the characteristics of the CVBS video. The proposed artifact reduction algorithms use two successive frames, in which the decoded video images are divided into not moving (stationary) and moving regions. The stationary regions are filtered by a temporal filter, whereas the moving regions are further classified into three subdivided regions of different types of artifacts to apply them into temporal or spatial filters because inappropriately temporally filtered moving region delivers jitters on the edge. In the proposed algorithms, considering characteristics of the NTSC decoded image, a block matching algorithm based on 4x4 non-overlapping blocks is used for motion estimation and compensation. Computer simulations with various simulated and real videos containing NTSC artifacts show the effectiveness of the proposed artifact reduction methods.
Early Alzheimer's Disease (2003)

A 72-year-old, college-educated woman comes in for the evaluation of mild memory loss that has been gradually progressing for the past two years. The patient drives her own car and manages her own finances, although she has recently made some errors in her checkbook. She also forgot the location of her car in a mall parking lot for two hours. How should this patient be evaluated and treated?
Modifying the Schwarz Bayesian Information Criterion to Locate Multiple Interacting Quantitative Trait Loci (2004)

The problem of locating multiple interacting quantitative trait loci (QTL) can be addressed as a multiple regression problem, with marker genotypes being the regressor variables. An important and difficult part in fitting such a regression model is the estimation of the QTL number and respective interactions. Among the many model selection criteria that can be used to estimate the number of regressor variables, none are used to estimate the number of interactions. Our simulations demonstrate that epistatic terms appearing in a model without the related main effects cause the standard model selection criteria to have a strong tendency to overestimate the number of interactions, and so the QTL number. With this as our motivation we investigate the behavior of the Schwarz Bayesian information criterion (BIC) by explaining the phenomenon of the overestimation and proposing a novel modification of BIC that allows the detection of main effects and pairwise interactions in a backcross population. Results of an extensive simulation study demonstrate that our modified version of BIC performs very well in practice. Our methodology can be extended to general populations and higher-order interactions.
The Evolution of Concepts (2010)

κ Opioid receptors were first proposed by the author based on the actions of benzomorphans, such as ketocyclazocine. κ receptors are involved with a wide range of actions, providing novel targets for drug development. This chapter will explore the pharmacology of κ receptors in a range of behavioral effects and their functions at the biological level.
Biocatalytic Formal Anti-Markovnikov Hydroamination and Hydration of Aryl Alkenes (2017)

Biocatalytic anti-Markovnikov alkene hydroamination and hydration were achieved based on two concepts involving enzyme cascades: epoxidation–isomerization–amination for hydroamination and epoxidation–isomerization–reduction for hydration. An Escherichia coli strain coexpressing styrene monooxygenase (SMO), styrene oxide isomerase (SOI), ω-transaminase (CvTA), and alanine dehydrogenase (AlaDH) catalyzed the hydroamination of 12 aryl alkenes to give the corresponding valuable terminal amines in high conversion (many ≥86%) and exclusive anti-Markovnikov selectivity (>99:1). Another E. coli strain coexpressing SMO, SOI, and phenylacetaldehyde reductase (PAR) catalyzed the hydration of 12 aryl alkenes to the corresponding useful terminal alcohols in high conversion (many ≥80%) and very high anti-Markovnikov selectivity (>99:1). Importantly, SOI was discovered for stereoselective isomerization of a chiral epoxide to a chiral aldehyde, providing some insights on enzymatic epoxide rearrangement. Harnessing this stereoselective rearrangement, highly enantioselective anti-Markovnikov hydroamination and hydration were demonstrated to convert α-methylstyrene to the corresponding (S)-amine and (S)-alcohol in 84–81% conversion with 97–92% ee, respectively. The biocatalytic anti-Markovnikov hydroamination and hydration of alkenes, utilizing cheap and nontoxic chemicals (O2, NH3, and glucose) and cells, provide an environmentally friendly, highly selective, and high-yielding synthesis of terminal amines and alcohols.
Statistical testing of random number sequences using CUDA (2010)

Previous research in the field of statistical testing of random number sequences using Graphics Processing Units (GPU) has shown that this approach yields a significant increase in performance for a subset of the statistical tests proposed by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The present paper aims at further improvements in the performance of statistical testing of random number sequences, by focusing on another technology dedicated to GPU computing, the Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA). CUDA extends the C programming language with functionality for massively parallel programming on GPUs. Due to the flexibility given by the CUDA memory and thread model plus the optimizations that take advantage of the Parallel Data Cache, we were able to further improve the performance of the statistical testing algorithms proposed by NIST. Experimental results show speedups of up to 219, depending on the test and the size of the input data, with an overall average speedup of 51.
Sequences annotated by structure: a tool to facilitate the use of structural information in sequence analysis (1998)

With the aim of bridging the gap between protein sequence and structural analyses, we have developed a tool to aid the identification of new protein sequences by recognizing distant homologues using structural information. The tool generates sequence annotated by structure (SAS) files, applying structural information derived from structural analyses to a given protein sequence. A World Wide Web interface allows a given sequence to be submitted either for structural annotation or, where its structure is unknown, for search and alignment against sequences of known structure. In both cases, SAS will colour residues in the sequence of known structure according to a selection of properties, including secondary structure, interatomic contacts and active site information. SAS can also be used to inspect properties of a single structure.