gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Netrin 1‐mediated chemoattraction regulates the migratory pathway of LHRH neurons (2004)

Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) neurons migrate from the vomeronasal organ (VNO) to the forebrain in all mammals studied. In mice, the direction of LHRH neuron migration is dependent upon axons that originate in the VNO, but bypass the olfactory bulb and project caudally into the basal forebrain. Thus, factors that guide this unique subset of vomeronasal axons that comprise the caudal vomeronasal nerve (cVNN) are candidates for regulating the migration of LHRH neurons. We previously showed that deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) is expressed by neurons that migrate out of the VNO during development [Schwarting et al. (2001) J. Neurosci., 21, 911-919]. We examined LHRH neuron migration in Dcc-/- mice and found that trajectories of the cVNN and positions of LHRH neurons are abnormal. Here we extend these studies to show that cVNN trajectories and LHRH cell migration in netrin 1 (Ntn1) mutant mice are also abnormal. Substantially reduced numbers of LHRH neurons are found in the basal forebrain and many LHRH neurons migrate into the cerebral cortex of Ntn1 knockout mice. In contrast, migration of LHRH cells is normal in Unc5h3rcm mutant mice. These results are consistent with the idea that the chemoattraction of DCC+ vomeronasal axons by a gradient of netrin 1 protein in the ventral forebrain guides the cVNN, which, in turn, determines the direction of LHRH neuron migration in the forebrain. Loss of function through a genetic deletion in either Dcc or Ntn1 results in the migration of many LHRH neurons to inappropriate destinations.
Fire temperatures in plant communities of the northern mixed prairie (1998)

Temperatures during prescribed spring burns were monitored for selected mixed prairie plant communities near Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.In fescue, spear grass, and brome communities the fires peaked quickly at an average maximum temperature of approximately 500°C, then reverted to ambient conditions within about | minute.The highest temperatures were recorded 10 cm aboveground.A temperature of 60°C was considered the upper tolerance limit for plant tissue; such conditions persisted for approximately 1 minute within the grass stands.Similar temperatures were observed in a stand of Silverberry.Temperatures above 800°C were recorded in snowberry and aspen and a more protracted cooling phase was noted because of the coarser woody fuel.In all grass and shrub stands there was little change in temperature in the mineral soil at a depth of 5 cm.However, in the aspen grove average temperatures at this depth increased to about 450°C because the thermocouple was embedded in the thick litter layer.
MCM/KGD development roadmap in Japan-EIAJ perspective (2002)

The MCM/known good die (KGD) study group in EIAJ surveyed MCM/KGD activities in Japan and the future perspectives for various product areas. Major effort has been focused on chip scale package (CSP) development by every semiconductor manufacturer as an alternative to KGD in Japan, while MCMs with several bare dies are gradually being applied to notebook PCs and personal digital assistants (PDAs). However, bare-die test is still at a low level. High-density printed circuit boards are critical for both CSP and direct flip-chip attachment applications.
Documentation of the Recovery Course and Deficit Side Localization of an Acute Unilateral Vestibular Deficit Using Four-quadrant Diagrams of Slow Phase Velocity (1991)

The horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex was studied in normals and in patients with an acute or compensated unilateral peripheral vestibular deficit (PVD) in order to determine the efficacy of various response measures of deficit side and central compensation for high rotation velocities. The profiles of whole body rotation and the visual fixation period was chosen to yield slow phase velocity (SPV) profiles comparable with those obtained with caloric irrigation. The chair rotation direction producing the smaller amplitude of slow phase velocity measured over culmination period obtained with 40 s of 5 degrees/s2 constant acceleration to 200 degrees/s represented a lateralizing sign of all acute, and 85% of all compensated PVD cases.
<title>Small-scale tactile graphics for virtual reality systems</title> (2002)

As virtual reality technology moves forward, there is a need to provide the user with options for greater realism for closer engagement to the human senses. Haptic systems use force feedback to create a large-scale sensation of physical interaction in a virtual environment. Further refinement can be created by using tactile graphics to reproduce a detailed sense of touch. For example, a haptic system might create the sensation of the weight of a virtual orange that the user picks up, and the sensation of pressure on the fingers as the user squeezes the orange. A tactile graphic system could create the texture of the orange on the user's fingertips. IN the real wold, a detailed sense of touch plays a large part in picking up and manipulating small objects. Our team is working to develop technology that can drive a high density fingertip array of tactile simulators at a rapid refresh rate, sufficient to produce a realistic sense of touch. To meet the project criteria, the mechanism must be much lower cost than existing technologies, and must be sufficiently lightweight and compact to permit portable use and to enable installation of the stimulator array in the fingertip of a tactile glove. The primary intended applications for this technology are accessibility for the blind and visually impaired, teleoperation, and virtual reality systems.
Using the structured covariance to quantify stationarity for seismic processing (1988)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1988Using the structured covariance to quantify stationarity for seismic processingAuthors: Gary MavkoJohn Parker BurgM. Lee BellGary MavkoEntropic Geophysical Inc., John Parker BurgEntropic Processing Inc., and M. Lee BellEntropic Geophysicalhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892441 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892441FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1988ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1988 Pages: 1359 publication data© 1988 Copyright © 1988 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Gary Mavko, John Parker Burg, and M. Lee Bell, (1988), "Using the structured covariance to quantify stationarity for seismic processing," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 712-714. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892441 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Capacity of selection cooperation with channel estimation errors (2010)

In this paper, we investigate the performance of selection cooperation in the presence of channel estimation errors. In particular, we consider a cooperative scenario with multiple relays and amplify-and-forward protocol over frequency flat fading channels. In the selection scheme, only the “best” relay which maximizes the effective signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the receiver end is selected. We present an upper bound on the effective SNR and derive closed-form expressions for the average capacity in the presence of channel estimation error. A simulation study is presented to corroborate the analytical results.
Subgroups of variable region genes of beta chains of T-cell receptors for antigen. (1986)

The beta-chain variable regions of 6 human, 21 mouse, and 1 rabbit T-cell receptors for antigen, including two pairs of duplicates, have been classified into two subgroups. Subgroup I has an invariant Phe at residue 65 and a salt bridge can be formed between the Asp at position 86 and the 11 Arg, 2 Lys, and 1 His residues at position 64. In one instance Tyr replaces Asp at position 86 so that a salt bridge cannot be formed with the Lys at position 64. Subgroup II has an invariant Tyr at residue 65; 8 chains have Gly and 3 have Ala at position 63. These 3 have Asp at position 64. Those with Gly-63 cannot form a salt bridge in this region of the beta chain. The 3 with Asp-64 have Arg at position 86, can form a reverse salt bridge, and could constitute a third subgroup. The relation of these findings to functional parameters in beta chains of the T-cell receptors for antigen deserves further study. The use of variability plots on the assumption that the beta chains are a single population may be misleading for the variable region. Most of the variability in the expressed beta chains would be created by variable-diversity-joining assortment, junctional diversity, and the possible insertion of N sequences.
BORON EQUILIBRIA IN SOIL - A REVIEW (2005)

Boron is one of the essential micronutrient required for healthy growth of plants. Deficiency of boron is recognized as one of the most wide spread, second to zinc only. Adsorption and desorption reactions are likely to be major factors in regulating boron concentration in solution and ultimately availability to plants. Besides the concentration of boron in soil solution, boron adsorption and desorption is also influenced by soil characteristics. Boron adsortion reactions on soils are described by various adsorption equations. This paper reviews the current knowledge on boron adsorption and desorption mechanisms and outlines the factors affecting the retention and release of boron in soil.
Integration of SiGe Resonant Interband tunneling Diodes with RIT CMOS (1999)

This study investigates the integration of SiGe resonant interband tunneling diodes (RTD) with a standard silicon p-well CMOS process. It is feasible to build the RTD devices on the MOS source/drain regions if the RTD process did not degrade MOS devices. Besides, some etch selectivity issues need to be addressed. MOS transistors were subjected to the thermal cycling of the molecular beam epitaxial growth process and the rapid thermal anneal used in the fabrication of RTDs prior to contact formation. No destructive effects on the operation of NMOS and PMOS devices were observed. NMOS devices exhibited a positive shift of about 100mV in threshold voltage, while transconductance was reduced by about 5%. PMOS devices exhibited under 5% change in both threshold voltage and transconductance. The CMOS devices were proven to be compatible thermally with the RTD device fabrication process.
Stereoselective <i>in</i>‐<i>vitro</i> aromatic‐ring oxygenations of chiral 1,4‐benzodiazepin‐2‐ones (1977)

Abstract Biological N(1)‐demethylation and C(3)‐hydroxylation of two enantiomeric 1,4‐benzodiazepin‐2‐ones 1 and 2 (cf. scheme 2 ) were found to be nonstereoselective. Aromatic‐ring hydroxylation, however, took place in the ( S )‐series only, leading to 3′‐ and 4′‐hydroxylated, N(1)‐demethylated, metabolites ( 54 and 56 , cf. scheme 5 : these structures were unambiguously confirmed by comparing their UV., CD., and mass spectra with those of authentic specimens). Several compounds, theoretically conceivable as products of hydroxylation in the aromatic A‐ring of 1 and 2 by mechanisms including the NIH‐shift (cf. scheme 3 ), were synthesized but none of these compounds was yet isolated from in vitro incubation mixtures.
THE EFFECT OF CHLORPROMAZINE ON THE FUNCTION OF COLONIC AND ILEAL MUCOSA IN THE ANAESTHETIZED RAT (1982)

1 The effect of chlorpromazine (Cpz) on the net fluxes of water and sodium in the ileum and colon has been studied in the anaesthetized rat. 2 Under control conditions both the ileum and colon absorbed water and sodium. Cpz (100 mumol/kg, s.c.) had no significant effect on these basal rates of absorption. 3 Intestinal secretion was stimulated by a combination of intra-arterial prostaglandin E1 (PGE1; 10 nmol kg-1 min-1) and intraluminal theophylline (25 mM). A marked potentiation occurred between PGE1 and theophylline in the stimulation of colonic and ileal secretion. 4 In the ileum, a dose-related inhibition of the PGE 1/theophylline-induced changes in the net fluxes of water and sodium was produced by Cpz (0.1 to 100 mumol/kg, s.c.). Under these conditions the inhibition of the secretagogue-induced changes was significant using Cpz at 1 mumol/kg (s.c.) and a dose of Cpz of 100 mumol/kg (s.c.) returned the net fluxes of both water and sodium to basal levels. 5 In the colon, Cpz, at doses of 0.1 and 1 mumol/kg subcutaneously did not inhibit the PGE1/theophylline-induced changes in the net fluxes of water and sodium, and, in contrast with the ileum, significant changes were only obtained with Cpz at 10 mumol/kg. Increasing the dose of Cpz to 100 mumol/kg further inhibited the net flux of sodium, but not that of water in the colon, and in each case the secretagogue-induced changes were not returned to basal levels.
THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND THE REFRACTIVE INDEX OF DRAWN AND ANNEALED POLY (ETHER-ETHER-KETONE) (PEEK) FIBERS (1985)

The crystal structure of PEEK has been determined by wide angle X-ray diffraction from the melt spun, drawn and annealed fibers. The unit cell is orthorhombic; a=7.80Å, b=5.92Å, c (fiber axis)=10.00Å. The space group of the crystal is Pbcn. Two molecular chains pass through the a-b plane of the unit cell; one through center and the other through corner. The ether groups and ketone groups of the chains are arranged in a zig-zag manner in the b-c plane. But there is no intramolecular order in the arrangement of them. The bond angle between them is about 126.5°. The planes of phenylene groups are alternately at 37° and -37° to the b-c plane.By using the atomic coordinates determined above, the refractive indices of each crystal axis are calculated: nA=1.507, nB=1.732, nC=1.936. Then average refractive index is 1.728, and the intrinsic birefringence of c-axis is 0.321. The average refractive index and birefringence of fibers measured by interference microscope are 1.707 and 0.199, respectively. Thus the calculated values seem to be reasonable.
Analytical study and numerical simulation of the static and dynamic performances of combined shunt passive and series active filters (1994)

Harmonics generated by power converters have become a serious problem for the AC mains as they can only be removed by using bulky passive filters. Besides, harmonic compensation by shunt passive filters may cause undesirable interference such as resonance with the AC mains. To solve this problem, the authors propose a combined system of a shunt passive and series active filters. This system is self-adaptable and only a small power active filter is needed. The choice of the control algorithm, together with the AC mains and nonlinear load parameters determine its performance in static operation as well as in dynamic mode resulting from fluctuating loads. In this paper, the calculation of harmonic current references is considered first. Secondly the compensation characteristics of the whole filter are studied in steady state mode and some simulation results are presented. Finally the dynamic of the harmonic compensation is studied when the nonlinear load varies, so as to the appreciate the series active filter effect on harmonic compensation.
Measurement and control of sticking probability of H2O on stainless steel surfaces (1998)

A unique method to measure the sticking probability of H2O in chemical adsorption has been developed. It uses molecular beam detection in which a mass filter with differential pumping can only detect H2O released from the sample surface. First, the amount of the dose is measured from reflected H2O during its irradiation to a sample surface. Next, the amount of adsorption is measured from released H2O by heating the sample. The sticking probability of H2O is obtained through the ratio of these amounts. The measurement limit at one Langmuir dose is 1×10−4. Error may be expected to be within 100%. We apply this method to an SUS304 surface to measure the dependence on the amount of adsorption. This suggests that there are two kinds of adsorption sites.
On the Cells of Origin of Radiogenic Thyroid Cancer: New Studies Based on an Old Idea (1991)

We have presented evidence that the functional thyroid follicles (follicular units, FU) which are formed in grafts of monodispersed rat thyroid cells, and hence the thyroid tumors which later develop in such grafts, are clonal in origin. Transplantation assays indicate that the clonogens comprise approximately 1% of the cells in monodispersed suspensions of normal thyroid tissue. Carcinogenesis studies show that neoplastic initiation of thyroid clonogens by radiation is a common event. Promotion-progression to cancer from radiation initiated clonogens has, however, been shown to be inversely related to the total grafted thyroid cell number; i.e. more tumors develop per irradiated clonogen in grafts of small cell numbers than of large cell numbers. Recent studies have been designed to investigate: a) whether the cell number-dependent inhibition of promotion-progression is mediated by remote hormonal feed-back, local cell-cell interactions, or both; b) the cell population kinetics of the clonogen subpopulation during goitrogenesis and goiter involution; and c) the effect of prolonged exposure to high levels of TSH (thyrotropin) on the capacity of the clonogens to give rise to functional FU. The results indicate that local cell-cell interactions play an important role in the cell number-dependent suppression of neoplastic promotion-progression. They also show that if sufficient thyroid cells are grafted, the thyroid-pituitary axis can be reestablished in thyroidectomized rats fed normal diets. In such animals given iodine deficient diets, the FU that develop in the thyroid grafts shift their secretory pattern to increase the ratio of T3 (triiodothyronine) to T4 (thyroxine), and thus conserve the available iodine. Finally, the clonogenic subpopulation is conserved during both goitrogenesis and goiter involution. When they are transplanted to thyroidectomized recipients, clonogens from two types of goiters form FU that are morphologically indistinguishable from those that develop in grafts of normal thyroid clonogens. Furthermore, the secretion of T3 and T4 by such grafts is dependent on the grafted clonogen number, and hence FU formation, and not on the total number of thyroid cells transplanted. We conclude that the thyroid clonogens, the presumptive cancer progenitor cells, have many of the characteristics of stem cells.
Acoustic attenuation in oceanic gabbro (1992)

Compressional wave velocity and attenuation were measured in oceanic Layer 3 from nearly 0.5 km of recovered core at Ocean Drilling Program Site 735 in the southern Indian Ocean. High-frequency (400 kHz) acoustic transmission experiments were conducted on 117 water-saturated minicore samples under room conditions of temperature and pressure on board the drillship JOIDES Resolution. Although experimental errors were large in some deformed samples, the average of our measurements of attenuation, Q−1p, on these samples is 0.049 ± 0.032. Agreement between spectral ratio and inversion estimates of Q−1p indicates that acoustic noise in the data does not significantly reduce the measurement accuracy. Ultrasonic tests on a 1 per cent porosity sample at elevated effective pressures from 10 to 500 MPa showed an increase in Vp from 6.8 to 7.0 km s-1and a decrease in Q−1p from 0.026 to 0.023. The small pressure dependence of Q−1p in this low-porosity gabbro suggests that it is possible to use measurements at room conditions for relative interpretation as a function of depth. The measurements of Q−1p show (1) an overall decrease as a function of depth, (2) a decrease in the average variance in the measurement with depth, and (3) an inverse relationship between average Vp and average Q−1p, although Q−1p shows greater variation in these rocks than Vp. Our explanation for these results is that rock fabric has a significant effect on Vp and Q−1p. A simple deduction from these results is that seismic data will be strongly influenced by the degree of alteration and tectonism in similar crustal rocks. Particularly in fracture zones, seismic reflections from lithologic contacts may be attenuated, and deep crustal reflectors, identified as faults or as the Mohorovic discontinuity, may result from Vp and Q−1p contrasts caused by alteration and tectonism within Layer 3, not from the lithologic contact itself.
ChemInform Abstract: Ba<sub>3</sub>YRu<sub>0.73(2)</sub>Al<sub>1.27(2)</sub>O<sub>8</sub> and Ba<sub>5</sub>Y<sub>2</sub>Ru<sub>1.52(2)</sub>Al<sub>1.47 (2)</sub>O<sub>13.5</sub>: New Perovskite Ruthenates with Partial Octahedra Replacement. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Memorial session for S. H. Caldwell (1904-1960) (1961)

Recounts the career and contributions of S. H. Caldwell.
Simulation of wave propagation in linear thermoelastic media (2018)

We have developed a numerical algorithm for simulation of wave propagation in linear thermoelastic media, based on a generalized Fourier law of heat transport in analogy with a Maxwell model of viscoelasticity. The wavefield is computed by using a grid method based on the Fourier differential operator and two time-integration algorithms to cross-check solutions. Because the presence of a slow quasistatic mode (the thermal mode) makes the differential equations stiff and unstable for explicit time-stepping methods, first, a second-order time-splitting algorithm solves the unstable part analytically and a Runge-Kutta method the regular equations. Alternatively, a first-order explicit Crank-Nicolson algorithm yields more stable solutions for low values of the thermal conductivity. These time-stepping methods are second- and first-order accurate, respectively. The Fourier differential provides spectral accuracy in the calculation of the spatial derivatives. The model predicts three propagation modes, namely, a fast compressional or (elastic) P-wave, a slow thermal P diffusion/wave (the T-wave), having similar characteristics to the fast and slow P-waves of poroelasticity, respectively, and an S-wave. The thermal mode is diffusive for low values of the thermal conductivity and wave-like for high values of this property. Three velocities define the wavefront of the fast P-wave, i.e., the isothermal velocity in the uncoupled case, the adiabatic velocity at low frequencies, and a higher velocity at high frequencies.
Denotational Semantics of A User-Oriented, Domain-Specific Language (2013)

This paper presents the formal definition of a domain-specific language, named Pantagruel, following the methodology proposed by David Schmidt for language development. This language is dedicated to programming applications that orchestrate networked entities. It targets developers that are professionals in such domains as building management and assisted living, and want to leverage networked entities to support daily tasks. Pantagruel has a number of features that address the requirements of the domain of entity orchestration. Furthermore, Pantagruel provides high-level constructs that make it accessible to developers that do not necessarily have programming skills. It has been used to develop a number of applications by non-programmers. We show how the user-oriented programming concepts of Pantagruel are expressed in the denotational semantics of Pantagruel. This formal definition has been used to derive an interpreter for Pantagruel and to provide a basis to reason about Pantagruel programs.