gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Utility of CT texture for identification of FGFR2 fusion in cholangiocarcinoma: A radiogenomic pilot study. (2017)

e15626 Background: FGFR2 fusions are found in 10-15% of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas. Individuals with FGFR2 fusions have a better prognosis and more indolent natural history. More recently FGFR2 fusions have been described as a predictive marker for tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting the FGFR2 pathway. Texture analysis from CT imaging has been used in the past to estimate degree of fibrosis and angiogenesis in various tumors types; however, texture analysis has not been used in the past to detect FGFR2 rearrangements. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 33 patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma who were previously tested for FGFR2 fusions with either a FISH break apart assay or with clinically available next generation sequencing assays. All patients had a contrast enhanced CT performed. To address physiological and pathological variations, matched-size regions of interest (ROIs) over areas of non-necrotic tumor and unaffected liver during the portal venous phase were drawn. The paired ROIs for each patient were then processed via an imaging analytic pipeline for (1) ROI normalization, (2) texture panel creation, and (3) machine learning predictive model development. Results: Fifteen patients with FGFR2 fusions and 18 patients without FGFR2 fusions were included in the study. Using the developed predictive model, accurate FGFR2 fusion classification in 90% of cases was achieved (sensitivity = 87%, specificity = 94%). Conclusions: Utilizing advanced analytics with machine learning techniques, multi-textural data obtained from conventional CT images has the capability to detect genetic aberrations in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, including FGFR2 gene fusions. Radiogenomic evaluation has several attractive benefits including the cost effective and expeditious detection of actionable mutations such as FGFR2 fusions as well as avoidance of invasive procedures such as percutaneous core biopsies. [Table: see text]
Iontophoretic trans-dermal drug delivery through sweat glands (2005)

Although an iontophoretic trans-dermal drug delivery is known as an effective means for drug transportation through the human skin, it is not widely used because of the various side effects that come to life due to a high applied voltage of up to 80V. This study introduces an alternative means of drug transportation through the skin by means of sweat gland activation and reduction of an applied voltage to ensure that the iontophoresis is safe. The skin conductance studies performed on the pulmar area using 50mM of NaCl showed that the activation of sweat glands led to the increase of the skin conductance up to 8-10 times which enabled us to use a lower voltage of 2V in order to achieve noticeable results during the actual drug delivery experiment performed in the points of low ionic resistance that are located on a human biceps, also the application of Vaseline on the experimental surface does not allow the decrease of a skin conductance for as long as 11 hours which enables us to do the drug delivery over a long period of time. Finally, the drug delivery was performed and tested by means of HPLC method.
Source time scale and optimal buffer/bandwidth tradeoff for heterogeneous regulated traffic in a network node (1999)

We study the problem of resource allocation and control for a network node with regulated traffic. Both guaranteed lossless service and statistical service with small loss probability are considered. We investigate the relationship between source characteristics and the buffer/bandwidth tradeoff under both services. Our contributions are the following. For guaranteed lossless service, we find that the optimal resource allocation scheme suggests that sources sharing a network node with finite bandwidth and buffer space divide into groups according to time scales defined by their leaky-bucket parameters. This time-scale separation determines the manner by which the buffer and bandwidth resources at the network node are shared among the sources. For statistical service with a small loss probability, we present a new approach for estimating the loss probability in a shared buffer multiplexer using the "extremal" on-off, periodic sources. Under this approach, the optimal resource allocation for statistical service is achieved by maximizing both the benefits of buffering sharing and bandwidth sharing. The optimal buffer/bandwidth tradeoff is again determined by a time-scale separation.
Roughness of fault surfaces over nine decades of length scales (2012)

We report on the topographic roughness measurements of five exhumed faults and thirteen surface earthquake ruptures over a large range of scales: from 50 μ m to 50 km. We used three scanner devices (LiDAR, laser profilometer, white light interferometer), spanning complementary scale ranges from 50 μ m to 10 m, to measure the 3‐D topography of the same objects, i.e., five exhumed slip surfaces (Vuache‐Sillingy, Bolu, Corona Heights, Dixie Valley, Magnola). A consistent geometrical property, i.e., self‐affinity, emerges as the morphology of the slip surfaces shows at first order, a linear behavior on a log‐log plot where axes are fault roughness and spatial length scale, covering five decades of length‐scales. The observed fault roughness is scale dependent, with an anisotropic self‐affine behavior described by four parameters: two power law exponents H , constant among all the faults studied but slightly anisotropic ( H ∥ = 0.58 ± 0.07 in the slip direction and H ⊥ = 0.81 ± 0.04 perpendicular to it), and two pre‐factors showing variability over the faults studied. For larger scales between 200 m and 50 km, we have analyzed the 2‐D roughness of the surface rupture of thirteen major continental earthquakes. These ruptures show geometrical properties consistent with the slip‐perpendicular behavior of the smaller‐scale measurements. Our analysis suggests that the inherent non‐alignment between the exposed traces and the along or normal slip direction results in sampling the slip‐perpendicular geometry. Although a data gap exists between the scanned fault scarps and rupture traces, the measurements are consistent within the error bars with a single geometrical description, i.e., consistent dimensionality, over nine decades of length scales.
5dpo Robotic Soccer Team for Year 2004 (2004)

The design of a Robotic soccer Team is an evolving process where the weaknesses and strengths of previous years drive the new enhancements. Also, the inevitable rule changes take an important role on design. The 5dpo team kept last year omni-directional robots. The robots have a controlled force Electromagnetic passing/kicking mechanism. The vision system is Linux based and uses two Firewire cameras to achieve better resolution and reduce system lag. This setup eliminates previous issues of control degradations caused by non-synchronisation of frames and noisy images. Team strategy is based on a hierarchical three level state machine. A dynamics prediction layer, based on a Kalman Filter, uses the ball and robots dynamics to predict the state at the time when the low level commands are executed thus improving the team performance.
Comparison of Field Denitrification Rates Determined by Acetylene‐Based Soil Core and Nitrogen‐15 Methods (1985)

Abstract A soil core method to measure field denitrification rates was evaluated by comparing the results with denitrification rates measured by the 15 N difference method. In the core method, acetylene amended air was recirculated through an undisturbed soil core and short‐term (ca. 1 h) nitrous oxide production monitored. Denitrification rates were obtained on soil cores from two field sites and a set of sieved, repacked soil cores in a laboratory incubation. Cumulative N‐losses were estimated by interpolating between sample dates. Denitrification rates obtained by the core method were found to approximate a log normal distribution at both sites studied and at all sampling times. Statistical calculations appropriate for this distribution resulted in improved estimates of the mean rates and confidence intervals. For the 15 N difference method, 15 N enriched nitrate was added to microplots of 30 cm diameter and the total gaseous losses were estimated by considering the change in the total nitrate pool, the isotope ratio of that pool and the 15 N not recovered from the microplots. Experiments were conducted over periods of 32 to 45 d on sandy loam and clay loam soils, respectively. Denitrification rates from the acetylene‐core method were not significantly different than the estimates by the 15 N method. Denitrification rates as measured by both methods were highly variable.
An autonomous control framework for advanced reactors (2017)

Several Generation IV nuclear reactor concepts have goals for optimizing investment recovery through phased introduction of multiple units on a common site with shared facilities and/or reconfigurable energy conversion systems. Additionally, small modular reactors are suitable for remote deployment to support highly localized microgrids in isolated, underdeveloped regions. The long-term economic viability of these advanced reactor plants depends on significant reductions in plant operations and maintenance costs. To accomplish these goals, intelligent control and diagnostic capabilities are needed to provide nearly autonomous operations with anticipatory maintenance. A nearly autonomous control system should enable automatic operation of a nuclear power plant while adapting to equipment faults and other upsets. It needs to have many intelligent capabilities, such as diagnosis, simulation, analysis, planning, reconfigurability, self-validation, and decision. These capabilities have been the subject of research for many years, but an autonomous control system for nuclear power generation remains as-yet an unrealized goal. This article describes a functional framework for intelligent, autonomous control that can facilitate the integration of control, diagnostic, and decision-making capabilities to satisfy the operational and performance goals of power plants based on multimodular advanced reactors.
Automatic Analysis of Cos-7 Binding Assay Imagery for Malaria Vaccination Experiments (2006)

The cos-7 binding assay experiment is one of the most prominent tests in the context of developing vaccinations against malaria. The objective is to measure the amount of red blood cells sticking to modified monkeys' kidney cells if a relevant protein of the malaria parasite was set free by the cells. Current evaluation of this process is based on the manual assessment of an image doublet consisting of a green fluorescent image and a so-called phase image. Since the process is highly repetitive and time consuming, this paper proposes an automated evaluation process using a multi-stage approach with cross-referencing between the two images. In summary, the proposed method achieves a precision in kidney cells classification of more than 90%, while the cell counting accuracy was measured to achieve 80%. However, a systematic underestimation was observed and, hence, a more accurate estimate can be extrapolated
Production of Bioactive Nanomaterial Using Laser Generated Nanoparticles (2009)

Laser ablation is demonstrated as an effective tool to generate highly pure nanoparticles in liquids to design novel bioactive materials. In our study we present a novel route to design bioactive materials addressing two bioactive effects via nanocomposites and nanosurfaces. Nanoparticles are generated during laser ablation and are characterised using environmental scanning electron microscopy, element mapping (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) and transmission electron microscopy. The nanoparticle size, productivity and in-situ functionalisation is investigated in ethylacetate as carrier fluid for embedding nanoparticles into polymers. In-situ functionalisation in 0.01% and 0.1% solution of silicone resin leads to an increase of silver-nanoparticle productivity. Furthermore, we found that NiTi-nanoparticles are generated stoichiometrically from the bulk and that cells adhere onto nanosurfaces coated with a nanoparticle concentration of 1 g/cm. Overall, we present a laser-based access to two types of bioactive nanomaterials.
The NBS Network Measurement System (1977)

The NBS Network Measurement System reipresents the implementation of an approach to the measurement of interactive computer networks, teleprocessing systems, and network series which focuses on the service delivered to users rather than on the internal operating efficiency of the system. The information obtained aids users in the quantitative evaluation of such systems and services. The Network Measurement System consists of a data acquisition System and a separate set of data analysis programs. This paper describes the approach to network measurement taken by this system, the models of user-system dialogue employed, and technical summary of, the implementation of the data acquisition system and the data analysis programs.
Thorium Nitrate Stockpile--From Here to Eternity (2003)

The Defense National Stockpile Center (DNSC), a field level activity of the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) has stewardship of a stockpile of thorium nitrate that has been in storage for decades. The stockpile is made up of approximately 3.2 million kg (7 million lb) of thorium nitrate crystals (hydrate form) stored at two depot locations in the United States. DNSC sought technical assistance from Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to define and quantify the management options for the thorium nitrate stockpile. This paper describes methodologies and results comprising the work in Phase 1 and Phase 2. The results allow the DNSC to structure and schedule needed tasks to ensure continued safe long-term storage and/or phased disposal of the stockpile.
Diboran(4)azide als stabile Quelle für kurzlebige Iminoborane (2020)

Abstract Wir berichten über die ersten isolierbaren, elektronen‐präzisen Diborane(4) mit Azidresten: das acyclische 1,2‐Diazido‐1,2‐bis(dimethylamino)diboran(4) und eine Reihe cyclischer 1,4‐Diaryl‐2,3‐diazido‐1,4‐diaza‐2,3‐diborine (Aryl=Mesityl, 2,6‐Xylyl, 4‐Tolyl). Im Gegensatz zu den kürzlich von uns beschriebenen kurzlebigen Diboran(4)aziden, welche sich bereits bei Raumtemperatur spontan zersetzen, erweisen sich die hier dargestellten Moleküle als thermisch äußerst robust. So können diese kontrollierte Pyrolysereaktionen bei Temperaturen weit über 100 °C eingehen, ohne dass es zu deren explosionsartiger Zersetzung kommt. Überraschenderweise konnten in zwei Fällen nach der Pyrolyse komplexe Diazadiboretidine isoliert werden, welche formal die Dimerisierungsprodukte von endo ‐cyclischen Boryliminoboranen darstellen.
Experiments on Pool Boiling of Water from Downward-Facing Hemispheres (1999)

Quenching experiments were conducted to investigate pool boiling of saturated water on downward-facing aluminum and 303e stainless steel hemispheres. Test sections had an outer diameter of 0.152 m and a wall thickness of 0.020 m. Destabilization of film boiling and wetting of the stainless steel surface occurred earlier than with aluminum (15 s versus 92 s), at 20 K higher wall superheat and ~10% higher minimum film boiling heat flux qmin. Wetting of the stainless steel surface occurred first near the edge of the test section and then gradually propagated azimuthally inward, followed by the maximum heat flux (MHF) front. Conversely, wetting of the aluminum surface occurred first at the lowermost position (θ = 0 deg) and then propagated azimuthally outward. The azimuthal propagation of the MHF front on the stainless steel surface (~5 deg/s for 60 deg < θ < 90 deg decreasing to ~1.8 deg/s for 10 deg < θ < 60 deg and then increasing slightly to ~2 deg/s for 0 deg < θ < 60 deg) was much slower than on aluminum (~22.5 deg/s on average). The MHF front traversed the entire stainless steel boiling surface in ~40 s versus only 4 s for aluminum. When MHF for the latter first occurred at θ = 0 deg, the radial and near-boiling surface azimuthal temperature gradients were 4 K/mm and 0.6 K/deg, respectively, compared to 12 to 15 K/mm and 1.5 K/deg for stainless steel. For both surfaces, the MHF and qmin values displayed parabolic dependencies on azimuthal angle. The local MHF at θ = 0 deg was 0.81 and 0.40 MW/m2 for aluminum and stainless steel, respectively, decreasing with increased azimuthal angle to minimums of 0.47 and 0.256 MW/m2 at θ = 45 deg. Beyond 45 deg, the local MHF increased with increased azimuthal angle to 0.76 and 0.47 MW/m2, respectively, near the edge of the surface (θ = 80 deg). However, the wall superheats corresponding to the MHF (30 K for aluminum and 80 K for stainless steel) and the qmin (125 K for aluminum and 145 K for stainless steel) were independent of azimuthal angle.
SLAMF1 signaling induces <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> uptake leading to endolysosomal maturation in human macrophages (2020)

Tuberculosis dates back to ancient times but it is not a problem of the past. Each year, millions of people die from tuberculosis. After inhalation of infectious droplet nuclei, Mycobacterium tuberculosis reaches the lungs where it can manipulate the immune system and survive within host macrophages, establishing a persistent infection. The signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 1 (SLAMF1) is a self-ligand receptor that can internalize gram-negative bacteria and regulate macrophages' phagosomal functions. In tuberculosis, SLAMF1 promotes Th1-protective responses. In this work, we studied the role of SLAMF1 on macrophages' functions during M. tuberculosis infection. Our results showed that both M. tuberculosis and IFN-γ stimulation induce SLAMF1 expression in macrophages from healthy donor and Tohoku Hospital Pediatrcs-1 cells. Costimulation through SLAMF1 with an agonistic antibody resulted in an enhanced internalization of M. tuberculosis by macrophages. Interestingly, we found that SLAMF1 interacts with M. tuberculosis and colocalizes with the bacteria and with early and late endosomes/lysosomes markers (EEA1 and LAMP2), suggesting that SLAMF1 recognize M. tuberculosis and participate in the endolysosomal maturation process. Notably, increased levels of SLAMF1 were detected in CD14 cells from pleural effusions of tuberculosis patients, indicating that SLAMF1 might have an active function at the site of infection. Taken together, our results provide evidence that SLAMF1 improves the uptake of M. tuberculosis by human monocyte-derived macrophages.
Specific one-stage method for assay of enterokinase activity by release of radiolabelled activation peptides from α-<i>N</i>-[3H]acetyl-trypsinogen and the effect of calcium ions on the enzyme activity (1981)

We report a novel assay method for enterokinase capable of detecting approx. 1 fmol of enzyme. The method depends on quantification of the release of specifically radiolabelled activation peptides from bovine trypsinogen and is unaffected by trypsin inhibitors. The assay is applicable to biological fluids such as serum. The substrate was produced by selective epsilon-amidination of bovine trypsinogen followed by acetylation with [3H]acetic anhydride and deprotection. The assay has been used to study the effects of pH, Ca2+, ionic strength abd glycodeoxycholate on enterokinase activity.
Quantitative Phase Microscopy with Asynchronous Digital Holography System (2007)

We demonstrate a new method of measuring quantitative phase in biological materials. The method utilizes asynchronous digital holography, which uses a moving fringe created by acousto-optic modulators. Results are demonstrated on live cell samples.
XIII.—NEWS (1877)

XIII.—NEWS Philip Magnus, B.Sc. Philip Magnus, B.Sc. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mind, Volume os-2, Issue 5, 1 January 1877, Pages 137–140, https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/os-2.5.137 Published: 01 January 1877
Heavy‐chain variable regions in carcharhine sharks: Development of a comprehensive model for the evolution of V<sub>H</sub> domains among the gnathanstomes (1996)

We determined the sequence of 18 DNA clones encoding VH regions of sandbar shark and bull shark. All of these sequences exhibit key structural coding features characteristic of known VH genes of higher vertebrates. These VH sequences disclosed considerable diversity, and can be divided into six families according to the criterion of 80% DNA sequence identity. The overlapping of some VH gene clones to two or more families is a particular feature found in carcharhine sharks, which suggests that VH diversification is a continuing process. The basic sequence patterns of heavy-chain V regions found in all representative gnathanstomes and in VH of the shark heavy immunoglobulin IgW provides evidence for selection of canonical residues in all VH structures. Elasmobranch VH sequences can be divided into two classes or clans, one comprising the 'classical' VH set and the other comprising VHS related to those of IgW (V omega). Phylogenetic analyses place the VH cluster as the root of all the classic VHS and indicates that the V omega set is most probably that of the primordial heavy chain.
Observation of a multilayer planar in-grown stacking fault in 4H-SiC p-i-n diodes (2006)

In-grown stacking faults (IGSFs) are planar defects that do not propagate under either an applied optical or electrical bias; however, their effect upon the electrical characteristics of diodes is not well understood. We present evidence for a multilayered IGSF and discuss its electrical and optical characteristics. These IGSFs, despite similar electroluminescence signatures, were observed to act as either a current barrier or as a short between the p+ and n+ layers, causing increases in the leakage current in p-i-n diodes. The difference in conduction behavior is attributed to the nucleation location of the IGSF within the diode drift region.
A WD40 Repeat Protein from<i>Medicago truncatula</i>Is Necessary for Tissue-Specific Anthocyanin and Proanthocyanidin Biosynthesis But Not for Trichome Development     (2009)

WD40 repeat proteins regulate biosynthesis of anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins (PAs), and mucilage in the seed and the development of trichomes and root hairs. We have cloned and characterized a WD40 repeat protein gene from Medicago truncatula (MtWD40-1) via a retrotransposon-tagging approach. Deficiency of MtWD40-1 expression blocks accumulation of mucilage and a range of phenolic compounds, including PAs, epicatechin, other flavonoids, and benzoic acids, in the seed, reduces epicatechin levels without corresponding effects on other flavonoids in flowers, reduces isoflavone levels in roots, but does not impair trichome or root hair development. MtWD40-1 is expressed constitutively, with highest expression in the seed coat, where its transcript profile temporally parallels those of PA biosynthetic genes. Transcript profile analysis revealed that many genes of flavonoid biosynthesis were down-regulated in a tissue-specific manner in M. truncatula lines harboring retrotransposon insertions in the MtWD40-1 gene. MtWD40-1 complemented the anthocyanin, PA, and trichome phenotypes of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) transparent testa glabrous1 mutant. We discuss the function of MtWD40-1 in natural product formation in M. truncatula and the potential use of the gene for engineering PAs in the forage legume alfalfa (Medicago sativa).
ChemInform Abstract: SMALL RINGS. XXXIX. PHOTOOXYGENATION OF VINYLCYCLOPROPANES (1979)

Abstract Durch Eosin sensibilisierte Photooxygenierung der Vinylcyclopropane (I), (III), (VI), (IX), (XII) bzw. (XIV) in Aceton bei 0 °C führt zu Hydroxyperoxiden, die in situ mit Ph3P bei 30 I ?‐ + OH N CHI 0°C zu den Cyclopropylcarbinolen (II), (IV) und (V), (VII) und (VIII), (X) und (XI), (XIII) bzw. (XV) und (XVI) reduziert werden.