gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancements of IEEE 802.11p Protocol for Access Control on a VANET Control Channel (2011)

Adding communication capabilities to vehicles and road infrastructure has become a major goal in the intelligent transportation systems industry. The IEEE 802.11p amendment has specially been conceived for the Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) architecture. In this paper we study the performance of this standard by the means of extensive simulations and we argue that the current version of the protocol can not cope with high vehicular densities. We propose a simple but efficient modification of the back off mechanism which has an important impact on the quality of communications on the control channel.
Portuguese- and Spanish-based Creoles and Typologies (2008)

The present study is intended to cast light on the question of whether creole lan-guages in general share structural similarities that could be said to constitute a typo-logy. Although there is mounting evidence that they do not, especially when Atlantic creoles are compared to those of Asia and the Pacifi c area, the question is still open as
cis-trans Isomerism of Exocyclic α,β-Unsaturated Indanones and Tetralones (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTcis-trans Isomerism of Exocyclic α,β-Unsaturated Indanones and TetralonesDennis N. Kevill, Ernest D. Weiler, and Norman H. CromwellCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 5, 1276–1278Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01028a517https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01028a517research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views211Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Genetic models of the epilepsies (1993)

The normal human brain can produce seizures upon stimulation with a convulsant drug or an electrical current. This capacity of intact brain is not, however, tantamount to epilepsy. Rather, the disease occurs in response to a multifaceted etiology in which genetically determined ‘seizure susceptibility factors’ play a crucial role. Therefore, seizuretriggering mechanisms may be activated in epileptic patients by potentially unrecognized variations in intrinsic neuronal activity or by input from environmental stimuli that do not cause seizures in normal people. The complex pathophysiological interplay between combinations of these various factors determines the seizure disorder that will be exhibited by a given patient.
The Challenge of Level of Development in 4D/BIM Simulation Across AEC Project Lifecyle. A Case Study (2015)

4D modeling has been an applied research area for around two decades since the first seminal works in the nineties. In the last years, a number of case studies have been published both for demonstrating the various applications of 4D and for assessing technological propositions. However, in most papers only little place is given to the particular content of 4D models. In parallel, following the growing implementation of Building Information Modeling, 4D modeling process is usually recognized as a “BIM use”. In BIM implementations and protocols, the Level Of Development of datasets is a fundamental issue. This paper describes the application of two distinct “4D uses” conducted on a single pilot project. They aim to assess the levels of graphical and temporal details required for the implemented uses. The authors finally discuss the diversity of 4D uses with 4D models, both planned or ad-hoc, as well as the logical understanding related to 4D LOD.
Characterisation and modelling of a transversely isotropic melt-extruded low-density polyethylene closed cell foam under uniaxial compression (2011)

This article describes uniaxial compression tests on a melt-extruded closed-cell low-density polyethylene foam. The stress–strain response shows that the mechanical behaviour of the foam is predominantly transversely isotropic viscoelastic and compressible. Image analysis is used to estimate the Poisson’s ratio under large strains. When the deformation is less than 5%, the compression kinematics and mechanical response of the polymer foam can be well described by a linear compressible transversely isotropic elastic model. For large strain, a simple method is proposed to estimate the uniaxial compression response of the foam at any arbitrary orientation by manipulating experimental data obtained from compression tests in the principal and transverse directions (stress vs. strain and Poisson’s ratio) and a simple shear test. An isotropic compressible hyperfoam model is then used to implement this behaviour in a finite element code.
Selective reductions. XVI. Reaction of disiamylborane in tetrahydrofuran with selected organic compounds containing representative functional groups (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective reductions. XVI. Reaction of disiamylborane in tetrahydrofuran with selected organic compounds containing representative functional groupsHerbert Charles Brown, D. B. Bigley, S. K. Arora, and Nung Min YoonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 24, 7161–7167Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00727a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00727a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views972Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A new type single phase switching voltage regulator (2010)

In many areas, the use of electronic devices simultaneously results in overloads, voltage fluctuations, and decreases in voltage quality. To protect the sensitive electronic equipments from these voltage fluctuations and enable to gain maximum efficiency from these devices, different types of electronic and electromechanical voltage regulators are used in industry. This paper presents a new type single-phase voltage regulator which has an isolated transformer connected in series to the line and a special switching strategy. The proposed voltage regulator has the capability of delivering sinusoidal input and output current, good voltage regulation, and bidirectional power flow. For these purposes, two full bridge converters are used in the topology. The switching principle and the operation modes of the proposed system are described in this study. The experimental results of a 5kVA voltage regulator are presented to verify the feasibility of the proposed system.
GD2 expression in tumorspheres from neuroblastoma cell lines and in tumor-initiating cells derived from patient samples. (2010)

9568 Background: Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood. High-risk disease is associated with a poor prognosis, even with aggressive multimodal treatment. The COG has recently incorporated antibody therapy against the disialoganglioside GD2 into protocols for high-risk neuroblastoma. Methods: We cultured neuroblastoma cell lines so as to derive both a more adherent population of cells and tumorspheres, in addition to maintaining bulk cell lines. We then evaluated these subpopulations for expression of GD2 by flow cytometry. We similarly characterized GD2 expression in tumor initiating cells (TICs), cells derived from bone marrow of patients with neuroblastoma. We also tested sphere-forming ability, the ability to grow in serum-free sphere media, in sorted GD2 high versus low cells from cell line-derived subpopulations. Finally, we evaluated GD2 expression in both xenograft-derived tumors and in patient samples. Results: Tumorsphere cells derived from established neuroblastoma cell lines lack GD2 surface expression. Adherent cells have high levels of GD2 , while bulk cells show a mixed picture suggestive of both (sphere and adherent) subpopulations. Binding of the GD2 antibody to GD2+ cells results in a rapid change in their membrane permeability. Bulk cell lines sorted on the basis of their GD2 expression did not demonstrate any difference in their sphere-forming ability. Tumor initiating cells (TICs), like the cell line tumorspheres, showed very low to absent GD2 expression. Evaluation of tumors for GD2 expression patterns is ongoing. Conclusions: Tumorspheres, thought to be enriched for multipotent cancer stem cells, appear to have low to absent expression of the disialoganglioside GD2. Targeting of this molecule has become the standard of care in the treatment of neuroblastoma, with documented survival advantage at 2 years. Our data raise the possibility that while this treatment is useful for “debulking” much of the remaining disease, it may miss targeting stem cells in particular in some cases. In addition to GD2 targeting, strategies to specifically kill GD2-negative neuroblastoma cells may be needed to fully prevent late relapses. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Costs of Illness Due to Bordetella pertussis in Families (2000)

The adverse financial effect of pertussis on 69 families in Monroe County, New York, was $145,903 ($2115 per family) and supports the need for booster immunizations in adolescents and adults. Arch Fam Med. 2000;9:989-996
Messenger RNA from bovine retina induces kainate and glycine receptors in <i>Xenopus</i> oocytes (1985)

The retina contains several types of nerve cells that communicate through chemical synapses. The transmitter and receptor molecules that mediate signal transmission across these synapses need further characterization. For this purpose, poly (A)+ mRNA was isolated from bovine retinas and injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes. Translation of the foreign mRNA induced the oocyte membrane to acquire functional receptors to kainate and, to a lesser extent, also receptors to glycine, gamma-aminobutryic acid (GABA), aspartate and glutamate. Thus, the cells in the retina must contain different messengers coding for these neurotransmitter receptors. Activation of the kainate receptors opens membrane channels, generating an ionic current which has an equilibrium potential close to 0 mv. The current is well maintained during prolonged application of kainate, and hence these receptors may be involved in the neurotoxic effects produced by kainate in the retina.
Salt Formation of Lactic Acid Oligomers as Matrix for Sustained Release of Drugs (1991)

The calcium and sodium salts of L- and D,L-lactic acid oligomers were obtained by immersion of the oligomer powders (weight average mol. wt 3000-10,000) in aqueous solutions of CaCl2 and NaCl, respectively, at room temperature (22 degrees C). The salt formation was analysed by atomic absorption measurement. The thermal properties, including glass transition temperature, melting temperature, and softening temperature, were altered by conversion of the terminal free acid of the oligomer to its salt. An in-vitro release test of an anti-cancer drug from the oligomer beads showed that the drug was released more rapidly from the beads prepared from the non-converted oligomers than those prepared from the salts when the release test was carried out in media containing no calcium and no sodium ions.
Programmed cell death (apoptosis) is induced rapidly and with positive cooperativity by activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate‐kinase I in a myeloid leukemia cell line (1991)

Programmed death (apoptosis) of the rat myelocytic leukemic cell line IPC-81 was triggered by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) analogs or by agents (cholera toxin, prostaglandins) increasing the endogenous cAMP level. The induction of cell death by cholera toxin was preceded by increased activation of cAMP-kinase. Cell lysis started already 5 hr after cAMP challenge and was preceded by internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis. The cell suicide could be prevented by inhibitors of macromolecular synthesis. cAMP analogs induced cell death in a positively cooperative manner (apparent Hill coefficient of 2.9), indicating that triggering of the apoptotic process was under stringent control. There was a strong synergism between cAMP analogs complementing each other in the activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase I (cAKI). No such synergism was noted for analogs complementing each other in the activation of cAKII. It is concluded that apoptosis can be induced solely by activation of cAKI. The IPC-81 cells expressed about four times more cAKI than cAKII. The expression of cAK subunits, on the protein and mRNA levels, was only minimally affected by cholera toxin treatment.
Diffuse reflecting surfaces for the infrared and far infrared (1993)

Efficient random-scattering surfaces for the IR have been fabricated by cementing submillimeter-sized shavings or pellets to a metallic substrate with metal-filled epoxy, followed by deposition of a Ag overcoating. The measured height and lateral spacing distributions for these preparations are both nearly Gaussian. Net surface reflectivities of ≥90% have been measured at 10 µm, and the threedimensional angular intensity distributions agree with the cosine law that defines a perfect uniform diffusing surface to within ~10%. Careful extrapolation of the 10-µm data into the far IR, combined with sample measurements at 90 and 250 µm, indicate that reflectivities of > 96% can be achieved for λ ≥ 90 µm with comparable uniformity of diffusion. These surfaces are intended for use in overmoded resonator cavities excited by continuously tunable, pulsed, far-IR lasers, but they should also find use in other applications where high net reflectivity, uniform diffusion, and ready contrl of the dimensions of the individ scattering elements are important considerations.
Fast Pyrolysis of Pine Sawdust in a Fluidized-Bed Reactor (2010)

Pine (Pinus strobus) sawdust was pyrolyzed in a fluidized-bed reactor between the temperatures of 400 and 600 °C. The fixed-bed volume and residence time were optimized to maximize the liquid yield. We report the detailed physical and chemical properties of the bio-oil fraction collected during fast pyrolysis. The liquid yield was maximized at 500 °C, whereas increased gas formation occurred at 600 °C. 13C NMR of the bio-oil fractions indicated a decrease in the carbohydrate fraction and an increase in the aromatic fraction when pyrolysis temperatures were increased from 500 to 600 °C. Over the ranges of our investigation, the effects of the fixed-bed volume and residence time were negligible on the chemical composition of the bio-oil. Toluene and ethyl acetate bio-oil extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry following chemical derivatization. At increased reaction temperatures, the process favored conversion of guaiacols to catechols.
Uno sguardo d'assieme (1983)

Analisi settoriale dei trasferimenti pubblici erogati alle imprese industriali negli anni settanta, sottoforma di contributi a fondo perduto, credito agevolato, fondi di dotazione delle ppss e fiscalizzazione degli oneri sociali.
Tropane Alkaloid Production and Shoot Regeneration in Hairy and Adventitious Root Cultures of Duboisia myoporoides-D. leichhardtii Hybrid (2004)

Co-culture conditions for Duboisia myoporoides-D. leichhardtii hybrid hairy root induction were investigated using leaf explants and Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC 15834. The bacteria density and duration of co-culture greatly affected the induction rate; the highest rate of 50% was obtained when the leaf explants were co-cultured for 2 d with 10(6) bacteria. One hairy root clone that showed the fastest root growth was selected and used for comparison study with adventitious roots cultured with 0.5 mg/l indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The hairy roots cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium grew well and yielded much more tropane alkaloids (35 mg/l scopolamine and 17 mg/l hyoscyamine) than adventitious roots cultured in 0.5 mg/l IAA after 6 weeks of culture at 25 degrees C in the dark. The hairy and adventitious roots (2.5 cm) grown in liquid media were divided into 5 parts (each 0.5 cm) along the root axis. Distribution of scopolamine and IAA was then determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Inverse relationship between contents of scopolamine and IAA was observed in the hairy roots; increase of scopolamine and decrease of IAA were proportional to the distance from the root meristem. In contrast, the contents of scopolamine and IAA were relatively constant in the adventitious roots. In shoot regeneration experiments, the hairy and adventitious root segments (1 cm) were placed onto 1/2 MS solid medium containing various concentrations of IAA and BA cultured at 25 degrees C under 16 h light. In adventitious roots, the shoots regenerated on media containing 6-benzyladenine (BA) (0.5 to 5 mg/l), and 100% regeneration was observed in medium with 0.1 mg/l IAA and 2 mg/l BA. On the other hand, shoot regeneration was only observed in 33% of hairy roots cultured on medium containing 5 mg/l BA.
Sound and Vibration Damping with Polymers (1990)

The glass transition of a polymer involves the onset of coordinated chain motion. Dynamic mechanical spectroscopy characterizes the storage modulus, E′, the loss modulus, E″, and the loss tangent, tan δ, as functions of temperature and frequency. In the presence of mechanical vibrations, the vibrational energy is absorbed by the polymer in the form of heat, the basis for damping with polymers. The phenomenon resembles infrared absorption, where electromagnetic waves increase molecular motion, actually warming the sample. The mechanics of extensional and constrained layer damping are reviewed, including the use of platelet fillers. Methods of engineering the width, height, and position of the transition, such as by plasticization, statistical copolymerization, graft and block copolymerization, and interpenetrating polymer networks are described. Application of current polymer materials to sound and vibration problems are delineated.
Comparison of the structures of the cyclotheonamide a complexes of human α‐thrombin and bovine β‐trypsin (1996)

Thrombin, a trypsin-like serine protease present in blood, plays a central role in the regulation of thrombosis and hemostasis. A cyclic pentapeptide, cyclotheonamide A (CtA), isolated from sponges of the genus Theonella, inhibits thrombin, trypsin, and certain other serine proteases. Enzyme inhibition data for CtA indicate that it is a moderate inhibitor of alpha-thrombin (K(i) = 1.0 nM), but substantially more potent toward trypsin (K(i) = 0.2 nM). The comparative study of the crystal structures of the CtA complexes of alpha-thrombin and beta-trypsin reported here focuses on structure-function relationships in general and the enhanced specificity of trypsin, in particular. The crystal structures of the CtA complexes of thrombin and trypsin were solved and refined at 1.7 and 2.0 A resolution, respectively. The structures show that CtA occupies the active site with the Pro-Arg motif positioned in the S2 and S1 binding sites. The alpha-keto group of CtA is involved in a tetrahedral intermediate hemiketal structure with Ser 195 OG of the catalytic triad and is positioned within bonding distance from, and orthogonal to, the re-face of the carbonyl of the arginine of CtA. As in other productive binding modes of serine proteases, the Ser 214-Gly 216 segment runs in a twisted antiparallel beta-strand manner with respect to the diaminopropionic acid (Dpr)-Arg segment of CtA. The Tyr 60A-Thr 60I insertion loop of thrombin makes a weak aromatic stacking interaction with the v-Tyr of CtA through Trp 60D. The Glu 39 Tyr and Leu 41 Phe substitutions in trypsin produce an enhanced aromatic interaction with D-Phe of CtA, which also leads to different orientations of the side chains of D-Phe and the v-Tyr. The comparison of the CtA complexes of thrombin and trypsin shows that the gross structural features of both in the active site region are the same, whereas the differences observed are mainly due to minor insertions and substitutions. In trypsin, the substitution of Ile 174-Arg 175 by Gly 174-Gln 175 makes the S3 aryl site more polar because the Arg 175 side chain is directed away from thrombin and into the solvent, whereas Gln 175 is not. Because the site is occupied by the Dpr group of CtA, the occupancy of the S3 site is better in trypsin than in thrombin. In trypsin, the D-Phe side chain of CtA fits between Tyr 39 and Phe 41 in a favorable manner, whereas in thrombin, these residues are Glu 39 and Leu 41. The higher degree of specificity for trypsin is most likely the result of these substitutions and the absence of the fairly rigid Tyr 60A-Thr 60I insertion loop of thrombin, which narrows access to the active site and forces less favorable orientations for the D-Phe and v-Tyr residues.
Experimental investigation of the signal degradation in WDM transmission through coherent crosstalk caused by a fast tunable SG-DBR laser (2005)

Novel results are presented on thermally induced wavelength drift in a fast tunable SG-DBR laser and the signal impairments caused in a 10 Gb/s transmission system through coherent crosstalk generated during each wavelength switching process. © 2005 Optical Society of America.
Step and kink energetics on GaAs(001) (1993)

Scanning tunneling microscopy images of the equilibrium structure of A- and B-type steps on vicinal GaAs(001) with the (2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4)/c(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}8) reconstruction have been analyzed to determine edge and kink energies. The values of the edge energies are low (implying that the equilibrium steps will be quite rough at room temperature), and anisotropic by a ratio of \ensuremath{\sim}6:1. The data provide evidence for a kink-kink interaction, found only in the A steps, which is short range and repulsive.