gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combinatorial chemistry synthesis techniques (2002)

As pharmaceutical companies race to find new and novel drugs faster, the tools of combinatorial chemistry are increasingly playing a larger role. Chemists can now prepare hundreds or thousands of analogs simultaneously to reveal structure-activity relationships (SAR) all at once and potentially shorten the discovery process for new drugs by years. A wide variety of solid-phase organic chemistry techniques have evolved for the preparation of chemical libraries, such as H.M. Geysen et al.'s (1984) pin method, R.A. Houghten's (1985) tea-bag method, very large-scale immobilized polymer synthesis (VLSIPS), mix-and-split synthesis and soluble polymers. Solution-based techniques are also under refinement and several extractive techniques have been reported. Also, the use polymer-bound reagents and sequestration agents, for removing impurities, are being developed. An overview of chemical library techniques is presented.
Myocyte-dependent Regulation of Endothelial Cell Syndecan-4 Expression (1999)

Syndecan-4 is a unique member of the syndecan gene family that has the ability to bind and activate protein kinase C-alpha. Whereas increased syndecan-4 levels have been noted in ischemic hearts, little is known regarding the regulation of its expression. To investigate the role of cardiac myocytes in induction of syndecan-4 expression, human endothelial cells (ECV304) were exposed to a medium conditioned by primary mouse cardiac myocytes or H9c2 cells. The medium conditioned by hypoxic but not normal myocytes was able to induce syndecan-4 expression in ECV cells. Western analysis of the conditioned medium demonstrated an increased presence of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the medium conditioned by hypoxic but not normal myoblasts. Primary cardiac myocytes collected from the wild type C57/129 but not the homozygous TNF-alpha-/- knockout mice were able to induce syndecan-4 expression in ECV cells when cultured under hypoxic conditions. In vitro studies demonstrated that TNF-alpha induced endothelial cell syndecan-4 expression by both increasing syndecan-4 gene expression in an NF-kappaB-dependent manner and by prolonging syndecan-4 mRNA half-life. We conclude that TNF-alpha is the principal factor produced by the ischemic myocytes that is responsible for induction of endothelial cell syndecan-4 expression and that this requires both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms.
LIVER CHANGES IN MEDICO‐LEGAL AUTOPSIES IN ADDIS/ABABA, ETHIOPIA (1972)

Abstract Liver specimens obtained at autopsy from 161 Ethiopians in the Addis Ababa region have been examined. The subjects belonged to two consecutive series of medico‐legal autopsies at the Department of Pathology at the Menelik Hospital. They represented 94% of all traumatic deaths examined at the hospital during the two periods; 91% of the subjects were males, 55% of the total series were between 20 and 39 years of age. Road accidents and criminal assaults accounted for 70% of the deaths. Cirrhosis was found in 3.7% and portal fibrosis in another 6.2%. In only 3 out of 16 cases was the portal fibrosis or cirrhosis accompanied by fatty changes, Schistosoma infestation, and haemosiderosis, respectively. The over‐all rate of fatty changes was 4.3%. Haemosiderosis was found in 4 cases (2.5%), and considering the high intake of iron in the Ethiopian food an even higher frequency might have been anticipated. Haemosiderosis was combined with fatty changes in three cases and with cirrhosis in one case. Granulomata were found in 15 cases (9.3%). One of them was probably caused by tuberculosis and two by Schistosoma infestation, while the etiology of the other 12 was unexplained.
A modern short course in engineering electromagnetics (1996)

To the Student: A Course Outline 1. Linear Algebra 2. Vector Calculus 3. Electrostatic Fields 4. Computer Simulation of Electrostatic Fields 5. Magnetostatics 6. Maxwell's Equations 7. Transmission Lines and Models 8. Plane Waves: Propagation, Reflection and Refraction 9. Waveguides 10. Antennas
Review of the in-orbit thermal performance of the Maritime Communication Satellite MCS-A (1985)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Development of ultrafast laser-based x-ray in-vivo phase-contrast micro-CT beamline for biomedical applications at Advanced Laser Light Source (ALLS) (2008)

We are developing and exploring the imaging performance of, an in vivo, in-line holography, x-ray phase-contrast, micro-CT system with an ultrafast laser-based x-ray (ULX) source. By testing and refining our system, and by performing computer simulations, we plan to improve system performance in terms of contrast resolution and multi-energy imaging to a level beyond what can be obtained using a conventional microfocal x-ray tube. Initial CT projection sets at single energy (Mo K(alpha) and K(beta) lines) were acquired in the Fresnel regime and reconstructed for phantoms and a euthanized mouse. We also performed computer simulations of phase-contrast micro-CT scans for low-contrast, soft-tissue, tumor imaging. We determined that, in order to perform a phase-contrast, complete micro-CT scan using ULX, the following conditions must be met: (i) the x-ray source needs to be stable during the scan; (ii) the laser focal spot size needs to be less than 10 mum for source-to-object distance greater than 30 cm; (iii) the laser light intensity on the target needs to be in the range of 5 x 10(17) to 5 x 10(19) W/cm(2); (iv) the ablation protection system needs to allow uninterrupted scans; (v) the laser light focusing on the target needs to remain accurate during the entire scan; (vi) a fresh surface of the target must be exposed to consecutive laser shots during the entire scan; (vii) the effective detector element size must be less than 12 mum. Based on the results obtained in this research project, we anticipate that the new 10 Hz, 200 TW laser with 50 W average power that is being commissioned at ALLS will allow us practical implementation of in vivo x-ray phase-contrast micro-CT.
1.1-$\mu$m-Range High-Speed Tunnel Junction Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (2007)

We have developed novel 1.1-mum-range buried type-II tunnel junction vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with a dielectric mirror for high-speed optical interconnections. A relaxation oscillation frequency of 27 GHz was achieved. The maximum 3-dB bandwidth was over 24 GHz. Error-free 30-Gb/s operation using a 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> -1-length pseudorandom bit sequence was demonstrated using directly modulated multimode VCSELs.
Synthetic control of cage/network ratio of poly(methylsilsesquioxane)s for storage stability, hardness, and weather resistance of coating films (2012)

Abstract Poly(methylsilsesquioxane) (PMSQ) was synthesized using a two‐step process consisting of hydrolysis of methyl trimethoxysilane (MTMS) with aluminum chelate catalyst and successive condensation reactions conducted at elevated temperatures. Results of nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared measurements show that all terminal functional groups were SiOH in PMSQ. Results show further that PMSQ has both a cage structure and a network structure, and a cage/network ratio is represented by a height ratio of −64.5/−66.6 ppm. PMSQ of different molecular weight but the same SiOH concentration is obtainable by varying the condensation reaction conditions such as the concentration, temperature, amount of aluminum chelate catalyst, and the solvent solubility parameter. A difference of the cage/network ratio occurs. A different cage/network ratio is dependent on the different reactivities of the intramolecular and intermolecular reactions. The relations of molecular structure of the obtained PMSQ molecular structure were characterized along with functions of storage stability, film hardness, and weather resistance. PMSQ designed with a larger cage/network ratio is necessary to obtain PMSQ with good storage stability and a coating film having good weather resistance. PMSQ designed with a smaller cage/network ratio should be prepared to obtain a coating film with high hardness. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Highly Sensitive and Spatially Homogeneous Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrate under Plasmon–Nanocavity Coupling (2021)

We fabricated a plasmon–nanocavity coupling structure composed of Au nanoparticles (Au-NPs), titanium dioxide, and Au-film (ATA) as a highly sensitive and spatially homogeneous surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate. The SERS intensity of the ATA was ∼11 times higher than that of the Au-NPs/TiO2 substrates without cavity enhancement. This SERS enhancement was attributed to the remarkable near-field enhancement of Au-NPs under coupling with cavity resonance. Under the present experimental conditions, crystal violet (CV) molecule decorated ATA prepared from a concentration as low as 10–7 mol/L could be detected, which is 1 order of magnitude higher sensitivity than the samples without cavities. More importantly, a spatially homogeneous SERS signal distribution of Raman mapping on the ATA was demonstrated over a 20 × 20 μm2 area on the sample, attributed to the homogeneous near-field distribution over the Au-NPs under coherent coupling between plasmon resonance and cavity resonance. We envision that this plasmon–nanocavity coupling SERS structure with high sensitivity, repeatability, and spatial homogeneity can be practically used in chemical and biomolecule detection devices.
Therapeutic potential of humanized anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody: antitumor activity in xenograft model of multiple myeloma. (1996)

A xenograft model of human multiple myeloma (MM) was established in athymic nude mice using S6B45 cells whose growth is dependent on IL-6 in an autocrine fashion. S6B45 cells were inoculated s.c. into mice pretreated with 500 cGy X-ray and anti-asialo GM1 antibody. In more than 90% of the mice, a palpable tumor emerged within 30 days at the inoculation site. Histological observation of the tumor section revealed that the tumor mass was composed of two different phenotypes of myeloma cells, corresponding to plasmablasts and mature plasma cells. I.v. injection of more than 0.125 mg of mouse monoclonal antibody (PM1) against human IL-6R (hIL-6R) on days 1, 3 and 5 markedly delayed the time of tumor incidence. One mg of anti-hIL-6 antibody (MH166) also strongly inhibited the growth of S6B45, whereas control antibody (MOPC31C) and anti-hIL-6R antibody without neutralizing activity (AUK181-6) produced no significant effects. To reduce the antigenicity of PM1 in human, mouse-human chimeric PM1 (chPM1) with human IgG1 constant region and humanized PM1 (hPM1), human IgG1 with mouse complimentarity determining regions, were constructed and evaluated for their in vivo antitumor activity in our model. The in vivo efficacy of these recombinant antibodies (chPM1 and hPM1) was shown to be equivalent to that of the original PM1. These results indicate that the antitumor activity of PM1 is completely recreated in hPM1, and that blocking of the IL-6 signal by this humanized antibody could be a potent therapy for MM.
Propriétés macroscopiques équivalentes pour représenter les pertes dans les bobines conductrices (2008)

International audience
Realization of extreme light extraction efficiency for moth‐eye LEDs on SiC substrate using high‐reflection electrode (2010)

Abstract The effect of a high‐reflection electrode on the opposite side of a moth‐eye structure on the performance of a nitride‐based blue LED is described. Because of the interference effect enhanced by multiple reflections with a high‐reflectance Ag‐Pd‐Cu alloy (APC) p‐contact, light extraction is markedly improved. For the 600‐nm‐pitch sample, both APC and conventional Ni/Au contacts were used. Although the light output powers of LEDs with APC and Ni/Au p‐contacts without moth‐eye structure are almost the same, those with a moth‐eye structure are markedly increased and differ from each other. For the APC contact, the light output is improved by a factor of 3.4, whereas that with a Ni/Au contact is increased by a factor of 2.2. In addition, we fabricated moth‐eye LEDs with pitches of 300 nm, 400 nm, 500 nm and 600 nm by low‐energy electron‐beam projection lithography. We found that the sample with a pitch of 500 nm has the highest output power, which is 3.7 times higher than that of the reference sample. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An LMI framework for analysis and design of multi-dimensional haptic systems (2008)

This paper presents a convenient framework based on passivity and linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) for stability analysis and controller design for haptic systems involving multiple devices and human operators interacting with a common virtual environment. The proposed approach addresses peculiar features of the multi-dimensional scenario such as different operator-device configurations, and allows for taking into account structural constraints such as decentralized controller implementation. An LMI-based stability condition is given and a a class of stabilizing structured controllers that can be parameterized in terms of the solution of suitable LMI problems is introduced.
Current-induced ordering of vortices in two-dimensional amorphous<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Mo</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>77</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ge</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>23</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>films as a function of film thickness and magnetic field (1997)

We present experimental evidence that high currents induce an ordering of the moving vortex configuration in thin films of amorphous ${\mathrm{Mo}}_{77}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{23}.$ This ordering is observed for a wide range of film thicknesses and applied magnetic fields. Our experimental results are in qualitative agreement with recently published theories and simulations of dynamic ordering of vortices.
X-ray magnetic circular dichroism of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>CeFe</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>by resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (2010)

We have measured the $\text{Ce}\text{ }L$ x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) in ferromagnetic ${\text{CeFe}}_{2}$ using the partial fluorescence yield given by the $\text{Ce}\text{ }2p3d$ resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) spectrum. The lifetime broadening of the $3d$ core hole is four times smaller than that of the $\text{Ce}\text{ }2p$ core hole providing improved resolution over earlier experiments. Clear evidence for a $4{f}^{2}$, $4{f}^{1}$, $4{f}^{0}$ strongly mixed-valent ground state is observed confirming, by and large, impurity Anderson model predictions which take into account the RIXS XMCD geometrical dependence.
Molecular photochemistry. XX. Intramolecular photoreduction of alkyl .alpha.-diketones (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular photochemistry. XX. Intramolecular photoreduction of alkyl .alpha.-diketonesNicholas J. Turro and Ta-Jyh LeeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 20, 5651–5652Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01048a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01048a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views182Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Artificial Informational Polymers and Nanomaterials from Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (2015)

Inspired by naturally occurring polymers (DNA, polypeptides, polysaccharides, etc.) that can self- assemble on the nanoscale into complex, information-rich architectures, we have synthesized nucleic acid based polymers using ROMP. These polymers were synthesized using a graft-through strategy, whereby nucleic acids bearing a strained cyclic olefin were directly polymerized. This is the first example of the graft-through polymerization of nucleic acids. Our approach takes advantage of non-charged peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) as elements to incorporate into ROMP polymer backbones. PNA is a synthetic nucleic acid analogue known for its increased affinity and specificity for complementary DNA or RNA. To accomplish the graft-through polymerization of PNA, we conjugated PNA to strained cyclic olefins using solid phase peptide conjugation chemistry. These PNA monomers were then directly polymerized into homo and block copolymers forming brushes, or comb-like arrangements, of information. Block copolymer amphiphiles of these materials, where the PNA brush served as the hydrophilic portion, were capable of self-assembly into spherical nanoparticles (PNA NPs). These PNA NPs were then studied with respect to their ability to hybridize complementary DNA sequences, as well as their ability to undergo cellular internalization. PNA NPs consisting of densely packed brushes of nucleic acids possessed increased thermal stability when mixed with their complementary DNA sequence, indicating a greater DNA binding affinity over their unpolymerized PNA counterparts. In addition, by arranging the PNA into dense brushes at the surface of the nanoparticle, Cy5.5 labeled PNA NPs were able to undergo cellular internalization into HeLa cells without the need for an additional cellular delivery device. Importantly, cellular internalization of PNA has remained a significant challenge in the literature due to the neutrally charged amino-ethyl glycine backbone of PNA. Therefore, this represents a novel way of facilitating cellular uptake of PNA. This materials strategy represents the first direct polymerization of nucleic acids, and presents a novel method for arranging biological information on the nanoscale at high density in order to confer novel attributes
Antidesiccant Compounds Improve the Survival of Bare-root Deciduous Nursery Trees (1993)

Desiccation stress during the postharvest handling of bare-root deciduous trees can account for dieback and poor regrowth after transplanting. Desiccation tolerance of three bare-root deciduous hardwood species was determined at monthly harvest intervals from Sept. 1990 through Apr. 1991. Among the three species tested red oak (Quercus rubra L.) was most tolerant to desiccation, followed by Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) and Washington hawthorn (Crataegus phaenopyrum Medic.). Maximum desiccation tolerance of all three species occurred during the January and February harvests. Of 20 film-forming compounds tested, the antidesiccant Moisturin was the most effective in reducing water loss from bare-root trees during desiccation stress and in improving survival and plant performance during re-establishment in the laboratory, greenhouse, and field. Moisturin-treated plants lost up to 80% less water than untreated plants. Washington hawthorn seedlings treated with Moisturin before severe desiccating conditions had the highest survival, lowest dieback/plant, and highest root growth ratings. The results indicate that Moisturin is an effective means of overcoming postharvest desiccation stress in desiccation sensitive plants, such as Washington hawthorn.
Lack of integrin α-chain endoproteolytic cleavage in furin-deficient human colon adenocarcinoma cells LoVo (1996)

In the present report the biosynthesis of the integrin alpha-chains endowed with constitutive endoproteolytic cleavage was evaluated in LoVo cells where furin, a subtilisin-like convertase involved in post-translational endoproteolytic processing, is not functional. It was found that cell-surface alpha 3, alpha 6 and alpha v subunits were not processed endoproteolytically into heavy and light chains as they were in HT29-D4 cells, a furin-competent cell line. Complete removal of N-linked oligosaccharides and pulse-chase experiments confirmed that the cleavage of the alpha 6 integrin subunit occurring 45 min after translation in HT29 cells did not take place in LoVo cells. Apart from cleavage deficiency, alpha 6 subunit glycosylation, association with beta 4 subunits and targeting to the plasma membrane seemed comparable in LoVo and HT29 cells. The pro-alpha 6 and the pro-alpha 3 subunits immunopurified from LoVo cells were highly sensitive to endoproteolysis by recombinant furin. Furin cleavage was calcium dependent and resulted in the conversion of the 140 kDa pro-alpha 6 into a 120 kDa heavy chain. These results suggest strongly that furin is involved in the endoproteolytic processing of cleavable integrin alpha subunits.
Virus-secific transcription in 3T3 cells transformed by the ts-a mutant of polyoma virus (1977)

Virus-specific RNA transcription has been measured in 3T3 cells transformed by the ts-a mutant of polyoma virus by RNA-excess hybridization to the separated strands of polyoma DNA. In two cloned sublines maintained at 39 degrees C, the nonpermissive temperature for the A gene function, RNA transcripts of a large fraction of the "early" strand are detected in both nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA fractions, but no "late" strand transcription is detected. Temperature shift to 31.5 degrees C, the permissive temperature, induces viral DNA replication and virus production accompanied by late strand transcription. In two independently derived noninducible cell lines, L strand transcription is never observed, even after cultivation at the permissive temperature. A smaller fraction of the E strand is transcribed in each noninducible cell than in its inducible parent, and this difference is further characterized as a lack of transcripts of portions of HpaII restriction endonuclease fragments 2 and 6.