gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
QR-TLS ESPRIT for source localization and frequency estimations (2013)

A subspace decomposition based algorithm for joint frequency of arrival (FOA) and direction of arrival (DOA) estimation is presented in this paper. The proposed method termed as QR-TLS ESPRIT, estimates the signal subspace by decomposing the received signal in a specially formed Toeplitz matrix. The structure of the matrix favors the application of QR factorization, which yields the signal subspace at the expense of less number of computations. A Total Least Squares (TLS) method is applied to obtain the frequency and angle estimates from the signal space. The proposed QR-TLS ESPRIT method provides several benefits: 1) It avoids the computations of applying computationally complex Eigen Value Decomposition (EVD) or Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) methods to obtain signal subspace alike conventional methods, 2) QR decomposition method, which is intrinsically applicable to numerical rank deficient problems, is used to extract signal subspace from the observation data matrix, 3) the TLS method is integrated with the QR which enhances the estimation accuracy in the presence of noisy measurements, 4) the proposed method can estimate the FOA and DOA from a small snapshot length of data which further reduces the computational time, and 5) the method works for both coherent as well as noncoherent sources without employing pre-whitening or spatial smoothing techniques. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated through simulations and the results are illustrated with respect to various received signal strength.
Automatic Feature Generation for Machine Learning Based Optimizing Compilation (2009)

Recent work has shown that machine learning can automate and in some cases outperform hand crafted compiler optimizations. Central to such an approach is that machine learning techniques typically rely upon summaries or features of the program. The quality of these features is critical to the accuracy of the resulting machine learned algorithm; no machine learning method will work well with poorly chosen features. However, due to the size and complexity of programs, theoretically there are an infinite number of potential features to choose from. The compiler writer now has to expend effort in choosing the best features from this space. This paper develops a novel mechanism to automatically find those features which most improve the quality of the machine learned heuristic. The feature space is described by a grammar and is then searched with genetic programming and predictive modeling. We apply this technique to loop unrolling in GCC 4.3.1 and evaluate our approach on a Pentium 6. On a benchmark suite of 57 programs, GCC's hard-coded heuristic achieves only 3% of the maximum performance available, while a state of the art machine learning approach with hand-coded features obtains 59%. Our feature generation technique is able to achieve 76% of the maximum available speedup, outperforming existing approaches.
Conceptualization and Measurement of Perceived Risk of Online Education (2011)

While there has been growing interest regarding online education (OE), there is no scale available to measure students’ perceived risk of OE. This study develops a reliable and valid scale to measure perceived risk of OE using both qualitative method (focus groups, to develop questionnaire items) and quantitative techniques (e.g. factor analysis, to test and refine questionnaire subscales). The study reveals that the construct of perceived risk of OE has five dimensions: performance risk, time-loss risk, social risk, psychological risk, and source risk. Findings indicate that four factors of the scale – performance, time-loss, psychological, and source risks are strongly predictive of OE enrollment intent.
Contribution of Interaction between Nitric Oxide and Cyclooxygenases to the Production of Prostaglandins in Carrageenan-induced Inflammation (2004)

The results of the current study suggest that NO activates COX-1 in the early phase of carrageenan and up-regulates COX-2 expression in the late phase in the skin, resulting in production of PGE2 and PGI2 at the site of inflammation, which would contribute to exacerbation of the inflammatory process.
Multiple evidence combination in image retrieval (2000)

In this work, we examine evidence combination mechanisms for classifying multimedia information. In particular, we examine linear and Dempster-Shafer methods of evidence combination in the context of identifying personal images on the World Wide Web. An automatic web search engine named Diogenes1 searches the web for personal images and combines different pieces of evidence for identification. The sources of evidence consist of input from face detection/recognition and text/HTML analysis modules. A degree of uncertainty is involved with both of these sources. Diogenes automatically determines the uncertainty locally for each retrieval and uses this information to set a relative significance for each evidence. To our knowledge, Diogenes is the first image search engine using Dempster-Shafer evidence combination based on automatic object recognition and dynamic local uncertainty assessment. In our experiments Diogenes comfortably outperformed some well known commercial and research prototype image search engines for celebrity image queries.
Impact of atrazine on organophosphate insecticide toxicity (2000)

Abstract Acute toxicity of selected organophosphorus insecticides (OPs; chlorpyrifos, methyl parathion, diazinon, and malathion) was determined for individual OPs and binary combinations of the OPs with atrazine to larvae of the midge Chironomus tentans. Atrazine individually was not acutely toxic even at high concentrations (10,000 μg/L); however, the presence of atrazine at much lower concentrations (40–200 μg/L) increased the toxicity of chlorpyrifos, methyl parathion, and diazinon. Atrazine did not increase the toxicity of malathion. Possible mechanisms for the synergistic toxicity found between atrazine and chlorpyrifos were investigated, including increased uptake rate and increased biotransformation into a more toxic metabolite. Although the uptake rate was increased by more than 40%, the resulting increase in toxicity would be minimal as compared to the 400% decrease estimated to occur in EC50 values for the same atrazine exposure (200 μg/L). Body residue analysis of midges exposed in vivo to atrazine and chlorpyrifos mixtures for 96 h indicated that a larger amount of metabolites was generated in atrazine treatments as compared to controls. Additionally, in vitro assays of microsomal proteins obtained from treated and control midges indicated that an increase in toxic metabolite (chlorpyrifos-O-analog) was generated in atrazine-treated midges. Therefore, the increase in toxicity is thought to be due to an increase in biotransformation rates of the OPs, resulting in more O-analog within the organism.
Characterization of the Xp21–23 region in the wood lemming, a region involved in XY sex reversal (2001)

The wood lemming (Myopus schisticolor) harbors two types of X chromosome, a normal X and a variant X, designated X*. The X* chromosome contains a mutation that causes XY sex reversal. We have previously demonstrated that the Xp21-23 region is deleted from X* and is associated with XY sex reversal. To further analyze the deleted region, we have constructed and characterized seven X chromosome- and region-specific recombinant DNA libraries. Further, we have screened mouse fetal gonad cDNA libraries with the microdissected Xp21-23 DNA as a probe in an attempt to identify homologous and expressed sequences from the deletion. Fourteen positive clones were isolated, and sequence analyses showed that ten of these contained identical sequences homologous to mouse gamma-satellite sequences. One of the remaining four was perfectly homologous to the mouse gene Ccth (chaperonin containing t-complex polypeptide 1, eta subunit). Southern blot indicated that the Ccth cDNA was located on the X chromosome, not deleted from the X* but closely linked to the deletion region. Although the role of the Ccth containing region in sex determination of the wood lemming requires additional studies, the isolation of the mouse Ccth gene by the deletion Xp21-23 probe could be important since this gene is mainly expressed in testis.
Copper Interconnection with Tungsten Cladding for UlSI (1991)

Increases in cross-talk disturbance, signal delay and current density have a significant impact on the performance of integrated circuits as the metal pitch continues to be scaled down. Using Cu as the interconnection metal offers advantages over the conventional Al alloy. As metal width shrink, the resistance of the interconnection becomes a critical factor in performance [1].
An Attempt to Model the Kinetics of the Ozonation of Simazine in Water (2002)

A kinetic model for the ozonation of simazine in water in a laboratory bubble column is proposed. The model considers nonideal flow behavior, mass transfer, and chemical reactions; it assumes that ozone reactions develop in the slow kinetic regime of absorption; and it has been tested at different pH's and in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The model is based on a mechanism of reactions that considers both direct and free-radical means of ozone action on simazine and some of the intermediates identified or detected. A good fit between the experimental and predicted concentrations of simazine, intermediates, and ozone in the absence of hydrogen peroxide concentrations higher than 3.4 × 10-5 M is generally observed. For higher hydrogen peroxide concentrations, the model fails, especially, to give accurate values of the concentration of ozone in the gas leaving the column because the kinetic regime of ozone absorption changes to be moderate, a situation not accounted for by the ozone absorption rate equation applied. Comments about correcting this latter aspect are made.
A Concept of Social Behavioral Biometrics: Motivation, Current Developments, and Future Trends (2014)

A person can be identified from his physiological traits as well as from behavioral patterns. However, a person's behavior is not only confined to individual actions such as walking or typing style, speech or handwriting but also social interactions and communication. In other words, social communication is an indispensable part of our daily behavior. Therefore, a person's social connections, spatio-temporal information, style of interactions etc. Can be a good source of information to identify his social behavioral pattern. Based on this hypothesis, this paper introduces a novel kind of behavioral biometrics called Social Behavioral Biometrics (SBB) for the first time. The study includes identification of social behavioral biometric features from real and virtual domain and their prospective applications for the purpose of person authentication and verification.
The effects of hydroxyurea and related compounds on the rat fetus. (1966)

Summary Hydroxyurea given in single i.p. doses to the pregnant rat from the 9th through the 12th day of gestation produced malformations in fetuses at 21 days at doses approximately ⅓ - 1/10 of those lethal to the adult rat. These malformations included severe and characteristic injury to the fetal brain (exencephaly and encephalocele), palate and lip (cleft), appendages (clubbed and retarded), paws (ectro- and polydactyl), and tail (short and kinked). The highest incidence of head abnormalities occurred in fetuses treated on the 9th and the 12th day; only minor tail deformities were observed on the 10th day. The effects of hydroxyurea over the 4-day period appear to be cumulative and vary with the total dose and not with the multiple doses used at each injection day, the total number of injections given, or the specific days included in the injection schedule. There was similarity in the range of abnormalities between fetuses from the single and multiple dose treatment experiments, but the individual abnormalities in specimens from the 24-hr multiple dose treatment experiments were more severe. Hydroxyurethan and acetohydroxamic acid were also teratogenic to the rat fetus from the 9th through the 12th day of gestation and produced a range of abnormalities similar to hydroxyurea at biologically comparable doses. Fetuses were about 7 times more sensitive to the lethal effects of acetohydroxamic acid and hydroxyurea than the maternal host; hydroxyurethan was equally lethal in both. Hydroxylamine and urethan did not produce fetal abnormalities even at doses causing some maternal deaths. The similarity in the spectra of abnormalities produced by hydroxyurea, hydroxyurethan, and acetohydroxamic acid at biologically comparable doses suggest that these compounds may have a common mechanism of action.
A Retrospective Examination of Sporozoite- and Trophozoite-Induced Infections with Plasmodium Falciparum in Patients Previously Infected with Heterologous Species of Plasmodium: Effect on Development of Parasitologic and Clinical Immunity (1999)

A retrospective examination was made to determine parasitemia and episodes of fever in 97 patients, previously infected with Plasmodium malariae, P. ovale, and/or P. vivax, who were reinfected with P. falciparum for treatment of neurosyphilis, the standard treatment at the time. Data were collected at the National Institutes of Health laboratories in Columbia, South Carolina and Milledgeville, Georgia during the period 1940 to 1963. Results were compared with observations recorded for patients following primary infection with P. falciparum. The mean daily percentage of patients with fever > or = 101 degrees F during the first 20 days of primary infection with P. falciparum was 42.4; the percentage with fever > or = 104 degrees F was 19.9%. Those previously infected with P. ovale, P. vivax, and P. malariae had mean daily percentages of fever > or = 101 degrees F and > or = 104 degrees F of 39.1% and 14.8%, 39.1% and 19.4%, and 28.4%, and 11.3%, respectively. Previous infection with P. ovale or P. vivax had little, if any, effect on subsequent clinical malaria due to P. falciparum, whereas infection with P. malariae resulted in reduced frequencies of fever. A similar comparison was made for parasite counts > or = 1,000/microl and > 10,000/microl. The percentages for 268 patients during the first 20 days of primary infection with P. falciparum parasite counts > or = 1,000/microl and > or = 10,000/microl were 58.2% and 29.9%, respectively. Those previously infected with P. ovale, P. vivax, and P. malariae had mean daily percentages of parasitemia > or = 1,000/microl and > or = 10,000/microl of 58.0% and 24.3%, 57.3% and 31.1%, and 45.9% and 19.0%, respectively. Previous infection with P. malariae resulted in a reduction in the frequency of high-density parasitemia (> or = 10,000/microl) as well as an asexual parasite count > or = 1,000/microl. These results suggest that P. falciparum and P. malariae share common antigens that are able to induce parasitologic and clinical protection when infection with P. falciparum follows that with P. malariae. The results did not suggest that protection to P. falciparum is provided by previous infection with P. ovale or P. vivax.
Can simulation technology enable a paradigm shift in process control? (2006)

Commercial process simulation software makes it easy for experts to develop very complex models with thousands of equations. But how well are these models used? Remember the admonition of Box [Box, G. E. P. (1979). Robustness in scientific model building. In R. L. Launer & G. N. Wilkinson (Eds.), Robustness in statistics (pp. 201–236). New York: Academic Press], “All models are wrong, but some are useful”. Are case runs just captured in a report and then filed away? Is the expert the only one who can run additional cases? We believe that process dynamics simulation should be ubiquitous in chemical engineering practice and education. Undergraduate engineers should experience unit operations through a virtual process simulator. In industry, engineers must be able to quickly build dynamic models to study operability and design control strategies. We feel that DuPont has undergone a paradigm shift where engineers are much more likely to use dynamic simulation as part of their day-to-day work. This paper illustrates some of the features that process dynamic simulators need to enable this paradigm shift.
Stereo- and neural network-based pedestrian detection (2000)

Pedestrian detection is essential to avoid dangerous traffic situations. We present a fast and robust algorithm for detecting pedestrians in a cluttered scene from a pair of moving cameras. This is achieved through stereo-based segmentation and neural network-based recognition. The algorithm includes three steps. First, we segment the image into sub-image object candidates using disparities discontinuity. Second, we merge and split the sub-image object candidates into sub-images that satisfy pedestrian size and shape constraints. Third, we use intensity gradients of the candidate sub-images as input to a trained neural network for pedestrian recognition. The experiments on a large number of urban street scenes demonstrate that the proposed algorithm: (1) can detect pedestrians in various poses, shapes, sizes, clothing, and occlusion status; (2) runs in real-time; and (3) is robust to illumination and background changes.
A New Contention Management Technique for Obstruction Free Transactional Memory (2014)

Transactional Memory, one of the most viable alternatives to lock based concurrent systems, was explored by the researchers for practically implementing parallel processing. The goal was that threads will run parallel and improve system performance, but the effect of their execution will be linear. In STM, the non-blocking synchronization can be implemented by Wait-Freedom, Lock-Freedom or Obstruction-Freedom philosophy. Though Obstruction Free Transactional Memory (OFTM) provides the weakest progress guarantee, this paper concentrates upon OFTM because of its design flexibility and algorithmic simplifications. In this paper, the major challenges faced by two state of the art OFTMs viz. Dynamic Software Transactional Memory (DSTM) and Adaptive Software Transactional Memory (ASTM), have been addressed and an alternative arbitration strategy has been proposed that reduces the abort percentage both in case of Read-Write as well as Write-Write conflicts.
Viability of Dried Bacterial Cultures:With a Note on the Immediate Death-Rate (1950)

SUMMARY: Cultures were dried in a vacuum over phosphorus pentoxide. At varying intervals up to 14 years tests were made on 2724 strains (representing over forty genera) and 83 % of cultures were found to be viable. Staphylococcus, Sarcina and Micrococcus were the genera most resistant to drying; Vibrio and Neisseria were among the least resistant.
The dynamins: Redundant or distinct functions for an expanding family of related GTPases? (1997)

In the 7 years since dynamin was first isolated from bovine brain in search of novel microtubule-based motors, our understanding of this enzyme has expanded significantly. We now know that brain dynamin belongs to a family of large GTPases, which mediate vesicle trafficking. Furthermore, this enzymatic activity is markedly increased through association with microtubules, acidic phospholipids, and certain regulatory proteins that contain Src homology 3 (SH3) domains. From functional, genetic, and cellular manipulations, it is now generally accepted that dynamin participates in the endocytic uptake of receptors, associated ligands, and plasma membrane following an exocytic event. These observations have confirmed at least one function of dynamin that was predicted from seminal studies on a pleiotropic mutant, shibire ts ( shi ts ) in Drosophila melanogaster. Of equal interest is the finding that there are multiple dynamin gene products, including two that are expressed in a tissue-specific manner, and they share marked homology with a larger family of distinct but related proteins. Therefore, it is attractive to speculate that the different dynamins may participate in related cellular functions, such as distinct endocytic processes and even secretion. In turn, dynamin could play an important role in cell growth, cell spreading, and neurite outgrowth. The purpose of this review is to enumerate on the expansive dynamin literature and to discuss the nomenclature, expression, and putative functions of this growing and interesting family of proteins.
First Synthesis of a Fully Phosphorylated GPI Membrane Anchor: Rat Brain Thy-1 (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFirst Synthesis of a Fully Phosphorylated GPI Membrane Anchor: Rat Brain Thy-1A. Stewart Campbell and B. Fraser-ReidCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 41, 10387–10388Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00146a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00146a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views360Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
How reliable does a delivery drone have to be? (2016)

The advent of autonomous drones has initiated serious discussions about safety, accuracy, and reliability. Teams around the world are working on systems that enable unmanned flying delivery systems that can deliver the morning newspaper, your morning coffee, or packages from your favorite retailer directly to your current location. If you were assigned to one of these teams as the reliability engineer and asked to make sure it was reliable enough, what would you do? There are no standards, no similar products, nor history. How would you establish a reliability goal? In this paper, we will explore this hypothetical case and step though the logic that would allow you to draft a meaningful reliability goal. We will explore the combination of return on investment, repair and replacement costs, and the impact of failures. Making assumptions that can be measured and refined allow us to draft a framework to create a viable set of targets for guiding system development, checking product verification, and achieving market acceptance.
Frequency-independent fast-lock register-controlled DLL with wide-range duty cycle adjuster (2010)

A fast-lock all-digital register-controlled delay-locked loop (RCDLL) with wide-range duty cycle adjuster is presented. The architecture of the proposed fast-lock RCDLL uses the initial delay monitor without the delay line, which shares with the register controlled delay line for high accuracy of initial delay. Also, the duty cycle corrector of the DLL has achieved wide correction range to a small delay of the duty cycle adjuster. The proposed RCDLL with wide-range duty cycle adjuster has been designed with a 0.18um CMOS process and operates over a frequency range from 250MHz to 1.2GHz with a 1.8V supply voltage. The lock-time of the DLL is 10cycles independent to the input frequency.