gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inactivation of Human  -1-Antitrypsin by a Tissue-destructive Protease of Legionella pneumophila (1988)

Three extracellular proteases produced by Legionella pneumophila during growth in liquid medium were examined for their effects on human alpha-1-antitrypsin (alpha-1-AT). One of these proteases, tissue-destructive protease (TDP) destroyed completely the trypsin-inhibitory capacity of alpha-1-AT at protease: inhibitor molar ratios down to 0.002:1. After inactivation by TDP, the Mr of alpha-1-AT was reduced by 5000 in SDS-PAGE. This suggested that inactivation entailed only limited cleavage.
The Mouse Adrenocorticotropin Receptor Gene: Cloning and Characterization of Its Promoter and Evidence for a Role for the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Steroidogenic Factor 1 (1997)

To elucidate the mechanism underlying the tissue-specific expression of the ACTH receptor/MC2 receptor (ACTH-R) in the adrenal cortex, we have cloned the mouse ACTH-R promoter. The analysis of the cDNA 5′-end showed an untranslated region of 321 bp, and the ACTH-R gene was demonstrated to be composed of two exons of 113 and 112 bp lying upstream of the single coding exon. S1 nuclease protection assay showed two major transcription start sites separated by 4 bp; 1.8 kb of the 5′-flanking region inserted in a luciferase reporter vector had cell-specific promoter activity because it was functional only in mouse adrenocortical Y1 cells but not in mouse Leydig TM3 cells or fibroblast L cells. There was no dramatic change in the promoter activity in Y1 cells for all the deletions tested up to− 113 bp upstream of the transcription start site. In contrast, expression in TM3 cells was switched on from deletion −908 bp, while remaining undetectable in L cells. Site-directed mutagenesis of a steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1)-like site at position −25 bp resulted in a significant reduction in luciferase expression by the promoter in Y1 cells. Gel shift analysis of this site indicated specific binding of a protein in extracts of Y1 and TM3 cells. Moreover, expression of SF1 in L cells induced promoter activity of the construct p(908). In conclusion, cell-specific expression of the mouse ACTH-R appears to be controlled by at least two factors. One of them, most probably SF1, is responsible for steroidogenic cell-specific expression. The other as yet unknown factor binding between position −1236 bp and −908 bp acts as a strong inhibitory factor in nonadrenal steroidogenic cells, resulting in the adrenal-specific expression of ACTH-R.
Characteristics Of A New Compact Video Rate Optical Scanner (CVROS) (1985)

A new compact optical scanner concept which is based on the optical fabrication capability of single point diamond turning is described. The unit relies on unusual reflective optical components which are impractical or impossible to manufacture by conventional means. A rotating disc which embodies a circular array of concave reflectors performs the horizontal scan in conjunction with a strip-like conical mirror located at the image plane. A unidirectional, 100% efficient scan results. The scan principle is explained and compared to polygon scanners. Mathematical relationships between the optical parameters are presented and system aberrations are briefly discussed.
Photochromism of three photosensitive Fe centers in SrTi<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1981)

Three paramagnetic Fe defect complexes have been observed by electron-spin resonance in chemically reduced crystals of SrTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. These are identified as (1) an ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$ ion substituted on a Ti site with a nearby charge-compensating interstitial impurity, and (2) and (3) two charge states of substitutional Fe with a near-neighbor oxygen vacancy. ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{2+}$-${V}_{0}$ and ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{1+}$-${V}_{0}$. These three defects are related in the sense that photoexcitation can reversibly switch electrons between the vacancy-associated and interstitial-associated sites. An analysis of the response to polarized light, and of the kinetics of charge transfer, shows that in both the forward and reverse directions of optical pumping the mobile charge carrier is a valence-band hole. Four distinct charge states of the Fe-${V}_{0}$ system have now been identified, and the relative instability of SrTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ toward formation of multiple-impurity charge states is briefly discussed.
A dynamic packet-switching system for satellite broadcast channels (1975)

A new satellite multi-access scheme for packet-switching computer communications combines a dynamic allocation technique with conventional time-division multiplexing to minimize delays and maximize traffic thruput. The scheme is designed to give the shortest delays to short-duration interactive or priority traffic, at the expense of longer delays for large data transfers. Simulation results show markedly improved delay-thruput characteristics over conventional time-division multiplexing for a wide range of traffic mixes, with especially significant performance gains as the traffic imbalance among the nodes increases.
Urinary Excretion of Pseudouridine in Patients with Brain Tumours (1993)

Elevated urinary levels of modified nucleosides, especially pseudouridine (psi), have been observed in patients with a variety of malignant neoplasms. In this report, the urinary psi levels were estimated by high performance liquid chromatography in 93 patients with brain tumours and in 40 age and sex matched controls. The psi levels were found to be excreted in equal amounts in the control and the tumour groups. There was no significant difference in psi when patients with malignant diseases were compared with those with benign tumours. Following therapy, the psi levels remained unchanged when compared to the controls and their preoperative values. It is concluded that urinary psi concentration is not a useful marker for brain tumours.
Seitenkettenchlorierungen von N‐Heterocyclen mit Trichlorisocyanursäure (TCC) (1987)

N‐Heterocyclic compounds such as 2‐methylpyridines, 2‐methylquinoline, and 2‐methylquinoxaline react with trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCC) without the addition of an initiator to provide the corresponding chloromethyl derivatives in good yields.
Control of abscission in agricultural crops and its physiological basis. (1968)

Some naphthalene and phenoxy compounds prevent preharvest drop of apples, pears, and citrus fruits. These studies have been complicated by an unrecognized high level of ethylene produced by leaves and fruit on trees sprayed with these growth regulators. An apparent contradiction is the effectiveness of both 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and n-dimethylaminosuccinamic acid (a growth retardant which retards biosynthesis of auxin) in preventing abscission of apples. Thus, in the presence of low auxin concentrations in the tissue, this growth retardant prevents fruit abscission even more effectively than 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid at high auxin concentrations in the tissue. This anomaly is clarified on the basis that n-dimethylaminosuccinamic acid, in the presence of a known low ethylene biosynthesis, delays maturity of the fruit and thus prevents fruit abscission. On the other hand, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid prevents abscission by direct growth hormone action, in spite of the side effects of ethylene production which speeds ripening of the fruit. With the promotion of abscission of leaves and fruit of agricultural crops, attention is given to the use of chemicals which induce ethylene production when applied to the plant, but which have no growth promotion effect to retard abscission. We can distinguish 5 kinds of such chemicals. One group includes gibberellic and abscisic acids that induce treated leaves to produce ethylene and abscise (under certain circumstances). However, they do not induce ethylene production by fruit and do not promote fruit abscission. A second group includes ascorbic acid, which, when used at relatively high levels, induces fruit to produce enough ethylene to promote abscission. Ascorbic acid-treated leaves also produce ethylene but not enough to cause much defoliation. A third group includes protein-synthesis inhibitors, such as cycloheximide. When low concentrations (about 30 mumoles/l) are sprayed on the fruit, the rapid effect of the freely moving ethylene (produced by the treated fruit) appears to mask temporarily any potential effect of the slowly moving inhibitor. A fourth group includes 2-chloroethylphosphonic and cupric ethylenediaminetetracetic acids, which induce ethylene production of fruit and leaves; production by leaves is substantially greater than by fruit and substantial defoliation results. A fifth group includes the cotton defoliation chemicals which clearly produce ethylene primarily as a result of chemical injury to the leaf blade. Another group of compounds, represented by beta-hydroxyethylhydrazine, produces ethylene by a chemical reaction with formaldehyde and water, and the presence of leaves or fruit is not required. At this time we are unaware of how chemicals in groups one to four act to promote ethylene evolution in leaves and fruit, but possible biological and chemical paths of ethylene production are discussed.
Nanocellulose Patents Trends: A Comprehensive Review on Patents on Cellulose Nanocrystals, Microfibrillated and Bacterial Cellulose (2012)

Cellulose nanoparticles (i.e. cellulose elements having at least one dimension in the 1-100 nm range) have received increasing attention during the last decade. This is not only evident in academic articles, but it is also manifested by the increasing number of nanocellulose patents that are published every year. In the current review, nanocellulose patents are reviewed using specific software which provides valuable information on the annual number of patents that have been published throughout the years, main patent owners, most prolific inventors, and patents on the field that have received more citations. Patent statistics on rod-like cellulose nanoparticles extracted from plants by acid hydrolysis (nanocrystals), mechanical treatment leading to microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), and microbially produced nanofibrils (bacterial cellulose, BC) are analyzed in detail. The aim of the current review is to provide researchers with patent information which may help them in visualizing the evolution of nanocellulose technology, both as a whole and also divided among the different nanosized particles that are currently the subject of outstanding scientific attention. Then, patents are not only analyzed by their content, but also by global statistics which will reveal the moment at which different cellulose nanoparticles technologies achieved a breakthrough, the relative interest received by different nanocellulose particles throughout the years, the companies that have been most interested in this technology, the most prolific inventors, and the patents that have had more influence in further developments. It is expected that the results showing the explosion that nanocellulose technology is experiencing in current days will still bring more research on the topic and contribute to the expansion of nanocellulosics applications.
Two modes of processing visual information and implications for traffic safety (1985)

The visual tasks of recognition and spatial orientation are differentially influenced by reduction of luminance. Spatial orientation is unaffected at luminance levels for which object recognition is systematically degraded. It is suggested that this selective degradation of visual functions plays a role in the high incidence of nighttime traffic accidents. Driving a vehicle involves both orientation, for steering, and recognition, to monitor the road-way for hazards. These functions are selectively impaired after sunset with the result that the vehicle can be adequately steered at luminance levels for which the recognition of hazards is significantly degraded. Because the unaltered orientation-steering function is a continuous task, the driver remains confident about his/her abilities. As a result of this unjustified self-confidence, drivers are neither aware of nor prepared for the consequences of degradation in the ability to recognize and respond to hazards and drive too fast at night. Because alcohol artificially increases self-confidence it can exacerbate the luminance-induced discrepancy between steering and hazard avoidance abilities. Ameliorative measures would include public education to apprise the public of dangers of which they are not normally aware and the establishment of differential day/night speed limits.
Understanding bloom filter intersection for lazy address-set disambiguation (2011)

A Bloom filter is a probabilistic bit-array-based set representation that has recently been applied to address-set disambiguation in systems that ease the burden of parallel programming. However, many of these systems intersect the Bloom filter bit-arrays to approximate address-set intersection and decide set disjointness. This is in contrast with the conventional and well-studied approach of making individual membership queries into the Bloom filter. In this paper we present much-needed probabilistic models for the unconventional application of testing set disjointness using Bloom filters. Consequently, we demonstrate that intersecting Bloom filters requires substantially larger bit-arrays to provide the same probability of false set-overlap as querying into the bit-array. For when intersection is unavoidable, we prove that partitioned Bloom filters require less space than unpartitioned. Finally, we show that for Bloom filters with a single hash function, surprisingly, intersection and querying share the same probability of false set-overlap.
Standard principles for preventing and controlling infection (2006)

Infection control is a priority for all nurses and healthcare staff. This article examines factors contributing to current healthcare-associated infection rates and outlines the main strategies for infection prevention, management and control.
Distributed process creation within a shared data space framework (1995)

Abstract This paper describes the design and implementation of a remote process instantiation mechanism which is consistent with the Linda paradigm and semantics of the EVAL operation, and which uses shared data space as the medium for passing process and environment parameters. The motivation for such an implementation stems from our effort to rehost a uniprocessor version of the Linda computational system to a network of workstations. The baseline version of the Linda system relies on the semantics of the UNIX fork() system call to create processes and to pass the proper execution parameters to them. In creating a distributed version of the Linda environment, two major issues are addressed: (1) how to instantiate a remote process that knows where, among several possibilities, to begin its execution, and (2) how to communicate the proper run‐time values of relevant variables to each new remote Linda process. Guiding our implementation was a desire to employ existing interprocess communication facilities, i.e. shared data space, to pass process creation and execution parameters.
Gene therapy in the retina: Exploring neurotrophic treatment and AAV readministration in retinal disease (2010)

Inherited retinal degeneration is a devastating illness comprising nearly 200 disease-causing mutations. The difficulty of developing cures for each disease individually makes clear the need for a widely applicable and nonspecific treatment. My first project involved a recently discovered neurotrophic factor, rod-derived cone viability factor (RdCVF), known to protect degenerating cones. My aim was to determine whether achieving constitutive retinal overexpression of RdCVF in mouse models of retinal degeneration could prevent photoreceptor death. I demonstrated that subretinal delivery of an AAV2 vector delivering RdCVF to retinal RPE cells achieves stable expression for at least 9 months. I then delivered the vector to retinal degeneration (Rd10) mice and demonstrated that treated eyes showed significant improvement over control injected eyes. This was seen histologically, with increased outer nuclear layer thickness and improved cone morphology; physiologically, with improved electroretinograph and pupillometry responses; and in behaving animals, with improved optokinetic responses. Gene therapy-mediated expression of RdCVF may therefore be an effective treatment in delaying retinal degeneration. Meanwhile, recent Phase I clinical trials have demonstrated safety and efficacy in restoring vision in Type 2 Leber's Congenital Amaurosis (LCA2), using AAV2-mediated gene replacement of the RPE65 gene. Current clinical trial guidelines do not allow contralateral readministration of vector or treatment of patients with high pre-existing neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers to AAV2, because safety and efficacy are unknown. My second project assessed the safety and feasibility of readministration of the clinical trial-grade vector AAV2-hRPE65 in the contralateral eye of monkeys previously exposed to AAV2 vectors. Results showed that while serum neutralizing antibodies increased following both the first and second subretinal injections, ocular titer only rose following local injection of that eye. Furthermore, all monkeys showed increased RPE65 expression in both injected retinas. One animal developed a CD4+ T-cell response post-first injection, and histology showed minimal inflammatory changes. These results indicate that even in the context of humoral or CD4+ T-cell responses, administration and contralateral readministration of vector are safe and feasible and have high transduction efficiency. It is my hope that these studies will contribute to making retinal gene therapy treatment a reality for more patients.
Corona poling of polyvinylidenefluoride (1983)

A variety of charging techniques may be used for poling polyvinylidene-fluoride (PVDF) in order to obtain the desired piezoelectric [1] or pyroelectric [2] properties. The classical thermoelectret-forming method [3] requires heating of the sample. With this technique, local breakdown at a weak sample spot or at the electrode edges short-circuits the poling electrodes and thus prevents further poling. This effect is avoided by employing electrodes with a relatively high resistance distributed over the whole sample area: local breakdown then draws its current only from a small portion of the electrode area and therefore cannot short-circuit the whole electrode.
IX. <i>On the formulæ of</i> Bernoulli <i>and of</i> Haecker <i>for the lifting-power of magnets</i> (1888)

(1888). IX. On the formulae of Bernoulli and of Haecker for the lifting-power of magnets. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 26, No. 158, pp. 70-73.
The MEN mediates the effects of the spindle assembly checkpoint on Kar9-dependent spindle pole body inheritance in budding yeast (2012)

Many asymmetrically dividing cells segregate the poles of the mitotic spindle non-randomly between their two daughters. In budding yeast, the protein Kar9 localizes almost exclusively to the astral microtubules emanating from the old spindle pole body (SPB) and promotes its movement toward the bud. Thereby, Kar9 orients the spindle relative to the division axis. Here, we show that beyond perturbing Kar9 distribution, activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) randomizes SPB inheritance. Inactivation of the B-type cyclin Clb5 led to a SAC-dependent defect in Kar9 orientation and SPB segregation. Furthermore, unlike the Clb4-dependent pathway, the Clb5- and SAC-dependent pathways functioned genetically upstream of the mitotic exit network (MEN) in SPB specification and Kar9-dependent SPB inheritance. Together, our study indicates that Clb5 functions in spindle assembly and that the SAC controls the specification and inheritance of yeast SPBs through inhibition of the MEN.
Pharmacologic Management of Diarrhea in Patients With Short Bowel Syndrome (2014)

Diarrhea associated with short bowel syndrome (SBS) can have multiple etiologies, including accelerated intestinal transit, gastric acid hypersecretion, intestinal bacterial overgrowth, and malabsorption of fats and bile salts. As a result, patients may need multiple medications to effectively control fecal output. The armamentarium of antidiarrheal drugs includes antimotility agents, antisecretory drugs, antibiotics and probiotics, bile acid-binding resins, and pancreatic enzymes. An antidiarrheal regimen must be individualized for each patient and should be developed using a methodical, stepwise approach. Treatment should be initiated with a single first-line medication at the low end of its dosing range. Dosage and/or dosing frequency can then be slowly escalated to achieve maximal effect while minimizing adverse events. If diarrhea remains poorly controlled, additional agents can be incorporated sequentially. If modification of the regimen is required, a single medication should be altered or exchanged at a time. After each adjustment of the regimen, sufficient time should be permitted to fully assess response (≥3-5 days) before initiating additional changes. SBS-associated malabsorption is a major obstacle to optimization of an antidiarrheal regimen because drug absorption is impaired. Patients may benefit from high dosages and/or frequent dosing intervals, liquid preparations, or nonoral routes of drug delivery. Although the diarrhea associated with SBS can be debilitating, effective pharmaceutical management has the potential to substantially improve health outcomes and quality of life for these patients.
Consider Theatrical Biographies (1973)

Research Article| February 01 1973 Consider Theatrical Biographies Garff B. Wilson Garff B. Wilson Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Theater (1973) 5 (1): 139–145. https://doi.org/10.1215/00440167-5-1-139 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Garff B. Wilson; Consider Theatrical Biographies. Theater 1 February 1973; 5 (1): 139–145. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00440167-5-1-139 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsTheater Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © by yale/theatre 19731973 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
[Estimation of biolistic transformation effect by transient expression of C1-R regulatory genes of anthocyanin biosynthesis]. (2000)

In the present study, the transient expression of maize C1-R regulatory genes of anthocyanin biosynthesis in maize calli, wheat immature embryos, rice calli and tobacco leaves were described. C1-R regulatory genes could activate anthocyanin biosynthesis in vivo and the pigmented cells were visible. For major crops, including maize, wheat and rice, which were transformed mainly by biolistic method, C1-R genes were novel visible markers, and the expression was easier to detect than GUS gene. And these genes also worked well in transient expression in biolistic transformation system of tobacco leaves.