gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deposition of high quality YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin films over large areas by pulsed laser ablation with substrate scanning (1991)

We describe the transport and structural properties of YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin films deposited by pulsed laser ablation with computer-controlled substrate scanning. Films were deposited on LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 substrates covering a 2×3 cm area with thicknesses of 90 and 160 nm. The 90-nm thick films exhibited a thickness variation of ±8%, Tco = 90.7 ± 0.5 K, Jc = 4.8 ± 0.2 × 106 A/cm2 at 77 K, and a surface resistance (corrected for finite thickness) at 75 GHz of 10–12 mΩ at 77 K. For the 160-nm thick films, the thickness variation was &lt;5%, Tco = 91.0 ± 0.3 K, Jc=5.4±0.4×106 A/cm2, and corrected surface resistance was 6–10 mΩ. X-ray diffraction showed that the c-axis mosaic in the films is closely related to that of the substrates and that the only in-plane defects are due to the expected twinning in the a-b plane of the film. The c-axis lattice constants were 1.1688±0.0004 nm. The above properties showed a high degree of uniformity across the substrate area and between films from different deposition cycles. The surface resistance values add significantly to the body of results which show that the temperature-scaled values for niobium can be equaled and perhaps surpassed by YBa2Cu3O7−δ.
<title>Delta doping for deep-level analysis in semiconductor diodes</title> (1992)

Recombination via deep level centers within a delta doped sheet in GaAs diodes is investigated as a function of deep level energy and local sheet position within the junction. Current-density versus voltage (jV) characteristics of pn-junctions are calculated varying the sheet position and energy of a single level, and a double level deep center (Ti). With homogeneous photogeneration, the changes in open circuit voltage V<SUB>oc</SUB> and fill factor of photodiodes are determined as a function of such delta doping. Schottky barriers on MBE-grown GaAs with a planar thin Ti doped sheet are examined by capacitance-voltage (CV) measurements. The corresponding charge profiles N(W) are compared with modeling results.
Amino acid sequence of the plasma membrane ATPase of Neurospora crassa: deduction from genomic and cDNA sequences. (1986)

The plasma membrane of Neurospora crassa contains an electrogenic H+-ATPase (EC 3.6.1.35), for which we have isolated and sequenced both genomic and cDNA clones. The ATPase gene is interrupted by four small introns (58-124 base pairs). It encodes a protein of 920 amino acids (Mr, 99,886) possessing as many as eight transmembrane segments. The Neurospora ATPase shows significant amino acid sequence homology with the Na+,K+- and Ca2+-transporting ATPases of animal cells, particularly in regions that appear to be involved in ATP binding and hydrolysis.
Virtual Stain Transfer in Histology via Cascaded Deep Neural Networks (2022)

Pathological diagnosis relies on the visual inspection of histologically stained thin tissue specimens, where different types of stains are applied to bring contrast to and highlight various desired histological features. However, the destructive histochemical staining procedures are usually irreversible, making it very difficult to obtain multiple stains on the same tissue section. Here, we demonstrate a virtual stain transfer framework via a cascaded deep neural network (C-DNN) to digitally transform hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained tissue images into other types of histological stains. Unlike a single neural network structure that only takes one stain type as input to digitally output images of another stain type, C-DNN first uses virtual staining to transform autofluorescence microscopy images into H&E and then performs a stain transfer from H&E to the domain of the other stain in a cascaded manner. This cascaded structure in the training phase allows the model to directly exploit histochemically stained image data on both H&E and the target special stain of interest. This advantage alleviates the challenge of paired data acquisition and improves the image quality and color accuracy of the virtual stain transfer from H&E to another stain. We validated the superior performance of this C-DNN approach using kidney needle core biopsy tissue sections and successfully transferred the H&E stained tissue images into a virtual PAS (periodic acid-Schiff) stain. This method provides high-quality virtual images of special stains using existing, histochemically stained slides and creates new opportunities in digital pathology by performing highly accurate stain-to-stain transformations.
A gamma-glutamyl peptide from onion inhibits the development and activity of osteoclasts in vitro (2007)

Recently we have shown that supplementing the diet of rats with onion powder (Allium cepa L.) leads to a significant inhibition of bone resorption [1]. Gamma-glutamyl-propenyl-cysteine-sulfoxide (GPCS) was identified as the active compound by bioassay-guided fractionation [2]. In the present study we further characterized the effects of GPCS on osteoclasts (OC) in vitro. OC development was examined by culturing mouse bone marrow cells (BMC) supplemented with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF; 30ng/ml), receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL; 5ng/ml) and varying doses of GPCS. To establish structure-activity relationship and specificity, other dipeptides were tested with the same assay, too. The effect of GPCS on the activity of OC was assessed by determining the number of actin rings in isolated rat OC attached to glass coverslips and by quantifying the number of pits formed by OC cultured on dentin slices. GPCS inhibited osteoclastogenesis from BMC at concentrations ≥1 mM (n=12; p<0.05). Sulfur containing compounds with structural similarity to GPCS reduced the number of newly formed OC (gamma-glutamyl-cysteine-ethylester: ≥0.3 mM; glycyl-cysteine: 10 mM; allyl-cysteine: 10 mM). Furthermore, compounds without sulfur (aspartyl-phenylalanine-methylester, glycyl-valine, gamma-glutamyl-glycine) did not affect osteoclastogenesis. The number of actin rings formed on glass after pre-incubation for 3h was not changed by treatment with 2 and 8 mM GPCS for 10 and 25min, respectively. When 2, 4, and 8 mM of GPCS was added to OC cultured on dentin slices, 8 mM GPCS reduced significantly resorption per OC (number of pits/OC; control: 100%±30; 8 mM GPCS: 51%±27; mean±SD, n=16; p<0.05). In conclusion, the data demonstrate that the protective effects of onion on bone may be caused at least in part by a direct effect on the cells of the OC lineage, resulting in an inhibition of osteoclastogenesis and the activity of mature OC.
Self-Assembly, Molecular Ordering, and Charge Mobility in Solution-Processed Ultrathin Oligothiophene Films (2005)

Symmetrical α,ω-substituted quarter-(T4), penta-(T5), sexi-(T6), and heptathiophene (T7) oligomers containing thermally removable aliphatic ester solubilizing groups were synthesized, and their UV−vis and thermal characteristics were compared. Spun-cast thin films of each oligomer were examined with atomic force microscopy and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy to evaluate the ability of the material to self-assemble from a solution-based process while maintaining complete surface coverage. Films of the T5−T7 oligomers self-assemble into crystalline terraces after thermal annealing with higher temperatures required to affect this transformation as the size of the oligomers increases. A symmetrical α,ω-substituted sexithiophene (T6-acid) that reveals carboxylic acids after thermolysis was also prepared to evaluate the effect of the presence of hydrogen-bonding moieties. The charge transport properties for these materials evaluated in top-contact thin film transistor devices were found to correlate with the observed morphology of the films. Therefore, the T4 and the T6-acid performed poorly because of incomplete surface coverage after thermolysis, while T5−T7 exhibited much higher performance as a result of molecular ordering. Increases in charge mobility correlated to increasing conjugation length with measured mobilities ranging from 0.02 to 0.06 cm2/(V·s). The highest mobilities were measured when films of each oligomer had an average thickness between one and two monolayers, indicating that the molecules become exceptionally well-ordered during the thermolysis process. This unprecedented ordering of the solution-cast molecules results in efficient charge mobility rarely seen in such ultrathin films.
ROLE OF OXYGEN ON THE PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON TRANSFERREACTIONS OF Ru(II) POLYPYRIDINE COMPLEXES WITH AROMATIC AMINES (2013)

The present work involves an attempt to prepare two Ruthenium(II) complexes [Ru(bpy)3]2+ (I) and [Ru(phen)3]2+ (II) by simple and effective one-pot synthesis in a greener way and we have succeeded in achieving the target compounds in very good yields. Furthermore, we have studied extensively the photochemical reduction of complex I and II , *[Ru(NN)3]2+ in their excited states with various aromatic amines in the absence and presence of oxygen molecules by the luminescence quenching technique. The quenching rate constants, kq for each photoredox reactions have been determined using Stern - Volmer analysis. The results exhibit an interesting trend which depends on the nature of the quencher. In particular, the result proves the efficient interacting mechanism of oxygen with the excited state of *[Ru(NN)3]2+.
Synthesis and Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships of N-(3-Oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[1,4]oxazine-6-carbonyl)guanidines as Na/H Exchange Inhibitors. (1998)

N-(3-Oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[1,4]oxazine-6-carbonyl)guanidines 4 were prepared and tested for Na/H exchange inhibitory activities in order to clarify the structure-activity relationship (SAR). Quantitative SAR (QSAR) analysis of 6-carbonylguanidines 4 indicated that the length of the 4-substituent was parabolically related to activity and that the calculated optimum 4-substituents were propyl, ethyl and isopropyl groups. This SAR was similar to the SAR of the 2- and 4-substituents of 7-carbonylguanidine derivatives 3, although the position relative to the essential guanidinocarbonyl group was different. Larger 2-substituents, such as a phenyl group were unfavorable. The most potent derivative in this series was N-(4-isopropyl-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro- 2H-benzo[1,4]oxazine-6-carbonyl)guanidine 4 g, with an IC50 value of 0.12 microM. The methanesulfonate salt (KB-R9032) of 4g had excellent water-solubility and showed anti-arrhythmia activity against a rat acute myocardial infarction model. KB-R9032 was selected for further investigation as a therapy for ischemia-reperfusion induced injury.
Erratum: Structural Transformation Induced by Magnetic Field and “Colossal-Like” Magnetoresistance Response above 313 K in MnAs [Phys. Rev. Lett.PRLTAO0031-9007<b>90</b>, 097203 (2003)] (2003)

The last sentence in the abstract reads: ''The phenomenon appears to be similar to that of the colossal magnetoresistance response observed in the Mg perovskite family.'' The sentence should be: ''The phenomenon appears to be similar to that of the colossal magnetoresistance response observed in the Mn perovskite family.''
Synthesis and Photochromic Properties of Ferrocene-Modified Bis(spirobenzopyran)s (2000)

Abstract A novel ferrocene-modified bis(spirobenzopyran) was designed and synthesized. The spirobenzopyran possesses two photochromic moieties, which were tethered to two cyclopenta-dienyl rings of ferrocene via ethynediyl spacers. Photochromic properties of the spirobenzopyran were investigated in the absence and presence of various metal cations.
Factors determining the spontaneous activation of splenic dendritic cells in culture (2010)

Dendritic cells (DCs) serve as a link between the innate and adaptive immune systems. The activation state of DCs is crucial in this role. However, when DCs are isolated from lymphoid tissues, purified and placed in culture they undergo 'spontaneous' activation. The basis of this was explored, using up-regulation of DC surface MHC II, CD40, CD80 and CD86 as indicators of DC activation. No evidence was found for DC damage during isolation or for microbial products causing the activation. The culture activation of spleen DCs differed from that of Langerhans cells when released from E-cadherin-mediated adhesions, since E-cadherin was not detected and activation still occurred with β-catenin null DCs. Much of the activation could be attributed to DC-DC interactions. Although increases in surface MHC II levels occurred under all culture conditions tested, the increase in expression of CD40, CD80 and CD86 was much less under culture conditions where such interactions were minimised. DC-to-DC contact under the artificial conditions of high DC concentration in culture induced the production of soluble factors and these, in turn, induced the up-regulation of co-stimulatory molecules on the DC surface.
Stability Analysis for Regularized Least Squares Regression (2005)

We discuss stability for a class of learning algorithms with respect to noisy labels. The algorithms we consider are for regression, and they involve the minimization of regularized risk functionals, such as L(f) := 1/N sum_i (f(x_i)-y_i)^2+ lambda ||f||_H^2. We shall call the algorithm `stable' if, when y_i is a noisy version of f*(x_i) for some function f* in H, the output of the algorithm converges to f* as the regularization term and noise simultaneously vanish. We consider two flavors of this problem, one where a data set of N points remains fixed, and the other where N -> infinity. For the case where N -> infinity, we give conditions for convergence to f_E (the function which is the expectation of y(x) for each x), as lambda -> 0. For the fixed N case, we describe the limiting 'non-noisy', 'non-regularized' function f*, and give conditions for convergence. In the process, we develop a set of tools for dealing with functionals such as L(f), which are applicable to many other problems in learning theory.
Relative efficacy of embryonated eggs and cell culture for isolation of contemporary influenza viruses (1981)

The efficiency of embryonated eggs and primary monkey kidney cell culture for isolation of contemporary influenza viruses was compared over three seasons by parallel inoculation of clinical materials. For the type A (H1N1) strains of 1977-1978 and for type B strains eggs were very inefficient, and nearly all viruses were isolated in cell culture alone. For the type A (H1N1) strains of 1978-1979 and for type A (H3N2) strains, isolations were more frequently made in eggs, but even here eggs were not as efficient for primary isolation as were cell cultures. It is concluded that primary monkey kidney cell cultures can be used as the single system for primary isolation of current type A and B influenza viruses.
Metal-Induced Assembling/Disassembling of Fluorescent Naphthalenediimide Derivatives Signalled by Excimer Emission (2002)

The new quadridentate bischelating ligands 2 and 3 display in solution the typical absorption and emission properties expected for naphthalenediimide derivatives. Spectrophotometric studies show that systems 2 and 3 interact with Zn(II), Cd(II) and Cu(I) in CHCl3 or MeCN according to an apparent 1:1 stoichiometry. Molecular modelling, ESI-MS and 1H NMR experiments indicate that the complex species formed in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of metal ion are nonhelical [2 + 2] adducts. The metal-induced self-assembling process is signalled by an intense excimer-type emission caused by the intramolecular interaction of two naphthalenediimide subunits that face each other in the [2 + 2] adduct, as shown by molecular modelling studies. In the presence of excess metal ion, a disassembling process takes place, leading to a dinuclear complex with a 2:1 metal/ligand stoichiometry, in which the intramolecular excimer is no longer allowed to form because the interaction between the naphthalenediimide subunits has been lost. Thus, the overall metal-induced assembling/disassembling process is signalled by the appearance and disappearance of the excimer band in the emission spectrum.
Generative models for statistical parsing with Combinatory Categorial Grammar (2001)

This paper compares a number of generative probability models for a wide-coverage Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) parser. These models are trained and tested on a corpus obtained by translating the Penn Treebank trees into CCG normal-form derivations. According to an evaluation of unlabeled word-word dependencies, our best model achieves a performance of 89.9%, comparable to the figures given by Collins (1999) for a linguistically less expressive grammar. In contrast to Gildea (2001), we find a significant improvement from modeling word-word dependencies.
A Load Balancing Algorithm for Massively Parallel Systems (1994)

Load balancing for massively parallel computers is very significant. This paper describes a new load balancing algorithm for massively parallel computers called Probabilistic strategy with Neighbourhood Synchronization. This algorithm uses only status information from neighbour nodes and takes into account the information lags in message-passing systems for estimating the system load. The proposed strategy differs from fully distributed approaches which require a high inter-processor communication overhead when the number of processors becomes large. After the description of the algorithm, experimental results obtained from a real implementation on a Transputer-based multicomputer are discussed.
Effect of Curing Environment on the Performance Properties of Saltstone - 13335 (2013)

At the Savannah River Site (SRS), the low level radioactive waste (LLW) salt solution is immobilized as a cementitious waste form known as Saltstone. Depending on the Saltstone formulation, disposal unit size, environmental conditions and pour schedule, the waste form temperature, due to exothermic hydration reactions, can gradually increase by 30 deg. C to 50 deg. C above the starting temperature. Previous studies at Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) have shown that curing temperature has a negative impact on the hydraulic conductivity and other performance properties of Saltstone; specifically, these studies have shown that curing at elevated temperatures results in faster hydraulic conductivities than what is modeled in the Saltstone Performance Assessment (PA). SRNL is currently testing the performance of laboratory prepared Saltstone cured under controlled conditions (i.e. controlling relative humidity). The PA assumes that the Saltstone remains saturated; therefore, some samples are being kept completely saturated while others have a surface exposed to a high humidity environment. The formulation of these samples has been varied to continue studying the impact of processing parameters on the performance properties of Saltstone. The final water to premix (w/p) ratio of the Saltstone formulation does affect the density, porosity, and compressive strength ofmore » the cured Saltstone. The Saltstone formulations with 0.59 w/p ratios and lower had higher densities, lower porosities, and higher compressive strength than samples formulated at a higher w/p ratio. There is a general trend that the samples formulated at high w/p ratios (0.67 and higher) have the lowest density, highest porosity and lowest strength. However, for hydraulic conductivity, the curing environment had a greater effect on the results than the formulation. Therefore, the impact of elevated temperature is not as detrimental to the performance of the waste form as originally concluded, provided the curing environment is controlled and the waste form is not dried out. (authors)« less
Development and application of virtual reality technology to improve hand use and gait of individuals post-stroke (2004)

Development and application of virtual reality (VR) systems for rehabilitation is an iterative process produced by collaboration of an inter-disciplinary team of engineers, neuroscientists and clinician-scientists. In this paper the use of virtual reality technology for the rehabilitation of individuals post-stroke is described. The development of the hardware is based on principles of motor control. Development of the software uses findings from the enrichment and motor plasticity and training literatures as well as principles of motor learning. Virtual environments are created to afford individuals post-stroke opportunities to practice tasks for which they require rehabilitation. These tasks, related to hand function and gait, are trained both at the impairment and functional level. The training engages users to allow for the repetitive intensive practice required for behavioral motor plasticity. Results from a series of upper and lower extremity studies indicate that use of VR technology to augment rehabilitation of individuals post-stroke merits further study.
The In-vitro susceptibilities of toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolated between 1992 and 1996 in Viet nam (1997)

The in-vitro activities of 12 antibiotics against 88 toxigenic strains of C.diphtheriae isolated from children with clinical diphtheria between 1992 and 19% were determined by agar dilution. All isolates were susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. 27/88 (31%) isolates were resistant to one or more of the other antibiotics including tetracycline in 21/88 (24%), erythromycin and azithromycin in 13/88 (15%), chloramphenicol in 7/88 (8%), trimethoprim in 3/88 (3%) and rifampicin in 1/88(1%). 14/88 isolates were resistant to several antibiotics [TetREryR (7), TetRChlorR (2), TetREryR ChlorR (2) and TetRChlorRTrimRRifR (1)]. The emergence of resistance to multiple antibiotics in C.diphtheriae is of concern.
Surface structure and catalytic activity of a reduced molybdenum oxide-alumina catalyst. 2. The mechanism of pyridine hydrogenation and piperidine dehydrogenation (1976)

The dehydrogenation of piperidine has been studied and found to have an order of -1.5 with respect to the hydrogen partial pressure.By combining these results with those obtained for pyridine hydrogenation on the same catalyst a complete rate equation for piperidine dehydrogenation together with the stoichiometric number of the rate-determining step of these reactions could be derived.This number appeared to be one.A mechanism for pyridine hydrogenation is presented on the basis of these results and those from adsorption studies using the infrared spectroscopic technique.The rate-determining step is found to be the formation of adsorbed trihydropyridine.
Driver Car-Following Behavior Modeling Using Neural Network Based On Real Traffic Experimental Data (2008)

This paper presents a method used to model the driver’s behavior during car-following situations. The model is designed with a Back-Propagation (BP) neural network to reproduce the host vehicle longitudinal accelerations according to the states of Time Headway and Time-to-Collision inverse. To obtain high-quality data in real traffic for the modeling work, the authors carried out experiments with an instrumented vehicle test bed resulting in extraction of steady state car-following scenarios. The data segments were processed with Kalman filter to eliminate the measurement noise and estimate the longitudinal acceleration for the network training. The simulations with different leading vehicle speed inputs were then conducted. Results show that the neural network model is capable of simulating the driver’s car-following behavior and can adapt to normal car-following situations. These systems are designed to facilitate a comfortable distance between lead and following cars and to reduce the driver's workload in terms of manual speed and distance control actions.