gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The C Terminus of Component C2II of <i>Clostridium botulinum</i> C2 Toxin Is Essential for Receptor Binding (2000)

The binary Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin consists of two separate proteins, the binding component C2II (80.5 kDa) and the actin-ADP-ribosylating enzyme component C2I (49.4 kDa). For its cytotoxic action, C2II binds to a cell membrane receptor and induces cell entry of C2I via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Here we studied the structure-function relationship of C2II by constructing truncated C2II proteins and producing polyclonal antisera against selective regions of C2II. An antibody raised against the C terminus (amino acids 592 to 721) of C2II inhibited binding of C2II to cells. The antibody prevented pore formation by C2II oligomers in artificial membranes but did not influence the properties of existing channels. To further define the region responsible for receptor binding, we constructed proteins with deletions in C2II; specifically, they lacked amino acid residues 592 to 721 and the 7 C-terminal amino acid residues. The truncated proteins still formed sodium dodecyl sulfate-stable oligomers but were unable to bind to cells. Our data indicate that the C terminus of C2II mediates binding of the protein to cells and that the 7 C-terminal amino acids are structurally important for receptor binding.
Biotechnologically Produced Biodegradable Polyesters (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction History Polyhydroxyalkanoates – Granules Morphology Biosynthesis and Biodegradability of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) and Other Polyhydroxyalkanoates Extraction and Recovery Physical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Polyhydroxyalkanoates Future Directions References
Optimizing Web‐Based Instruction: A Case Study Using Poultry Processing Unit Operations (2009)

ABSTRACT: Food companies and supporting industries need inexpensive, revisable training methods for large numbers of hourly employees due to continuing improvements in Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) programs, new processing equipment, and high employee turnover. HACCP‐based food safety programs have demonstrated their value by reducing the number and frequency of multimillion‐dollar food recalls. The focus for the future must be proactive training of plant personnel to ensure continuous improvements in plant food safety and quality. In response to this need, we developed training modules focused on applying HACCP principles, quality aspects, and production information to individual poultry unit operations. Learning objectives were evaluated using discount usability testing techniques to optimize the delivery system and to ensure a satisfactory e‐learning experience. Discount usability testing of this virtual orientation was successful in obtaining vast amounts of feedback. Usability issues with the training materials were identified. Expected completion times were not met by most participants, indicating that a change in the format of the course might be necessary, perhaps segmenting the modules into smaller sections to be reviewed independently of one another. Another suggestion by the evaluators was to include narration for the sections, which might in turn speed up the completion times. A navigation error was discovered by these users, as well as other critical errors in design. Other errors, such as font inconsistencies and page design changes, were also discovered by the participants.
Role of Embedded Clustering in Dilute Magnetic Semiconductors: Cr Doped GaN (2005)

Results of extensive density-functional studies provide direct evidence that Cr atoms in Cr:GaN have a strong tendency to form embedded clusters, occupying Ga sites. Significantly, for larger than 2-Cr-atom clusters, states containing antiferromagnetic coupling with net spin in the range 0.06-1.47 muB/Cr are favored. We propose a picture where various configurations coexist and the statistical distribution and associated magnetism will depend sensitively on the growth details. Such a view may elucidate many puzzling observations related to the structural and magnetic properties of III-N and other dilute semiconductors.
A logic approach to virtual sensor networks (2010)

This paper presents a technique that builds a layer of virtual sensors over a sensor network. The virtual sensors are able to infer and provide data for the physical sensors that do not work. The key assumption of our approach is that the physical quantities sensed by the sensors are related. The relations among sensors are unknown, but during a learning phase the layer of virtual sensors infers an approximation of them by means of fuzzy rules. The inferred fuzzy rules capture these relations in a simple way even when the corresponding mathematical models are complex. The set of fuzzy rules inferred for a node can be used to obtain virtual values when the real ones are not available. In order to develop our technique we improved the Tree Routing Protocol in charge to deliver data from the nodes to the base station and used Snlog, a Datalog-like language that supports the implementation of distributed algorithms for Wireless Sensor Network in a declarative way. We developed a system prototype and performed preliminary experiments that prove the validity of our approach.
Interactions between the vascular peptide endothelin‐1 and sensory neuropeptides in gastric mucosal injury (1991)

1. The interactions between endogenous and exogenous sensory neuropeptides on gastric mucosal injury induced by endothelin-1 (ET-1) have been investigated in the anaesthetized rat. 2. Close intra-arterial infusion of ET-1 (4-20 pmol kg-1 min-1) dose-dependently induced vasocongestion and haemorrhagic necrosis in the gastric mucosa. 3. Capsaicin-pretreatment, two weeks earlier to deplete sensory neuropeptides from primary afferent neurones, augmented the mucosal damage induced by ET-1, as assessed by both macroscopic and histological examination. 4. The damage induced by threshold doses of ET-1 alone or in capsaicin-pretreated rats was further enhanced by administration of indomethacin (5 mg kg-1, i.v.), indicating a modulatory influence of endogenous prostanoids. 5. Morphine administration (3 mg kg-1, i.v.), which can prevent neuropeptide release, augmented the damage induced by threshold doses of ET-1, this effect being reversed by naloxone (1 mg kg-1, i.v.). 6. Concurrent local intra-arterial infusion of rat alpha-calcitonin gene-related peptide (10-50 pmol kg-1 min-1) dose-dependently reduced the mucosal injury induced by ET-1. 7. These findings suggest interactions between ET-1 and sensory neuropeptides, which may reflect an important influence of these peptide mediators in the regulation of mucosal integrity.
Night vision goggle luminance disparity and the Pulfrich phenomenon (2004)

When night vision goggle (NVG) image intensifier tubes (I<sup>2</sup>Ts) are replaced during maintenance, the output luminances of the two channels must not exceed a ratio of 1.5 (brighter channel luminance divided by the dimmer channel luminance) in order to meet the current allowed binocular luminance disparity specification. Two studies were performed to investigate the validity of this requirement. The first study estimated thresholds of binocular luminance disparity detection for observers looking through NVGs. For eight observers, the 25% corrected-for-chance probability of detecting an ocular luminance difference, yielded an average ratio of 1.43 indicating that the current 1.5 specification is perhaps too loose. The second study investigated the Pulfrich phenomenon, a pseudo-stereo effect that can be induced by presenting luminance imbalances to the eyes. This study created NVG luminance imbalances using neutral density (ND) filters and then investigated whether or not the various imbalance levels were sufficient to cause the Pulfrich phenomenon to be perceived. Results indicated an imbalance ratio of 1.10 was insufficient to cause the effect to be seen, but a ratio of 1.26 was sufficient (p ≤ 0.0003) for the effect to be seen, at least part of the time. Based on these results, it is apparent the allowed binocular luminance disparity ratio should probably be tightened to at least 1.3 with a goal of 1.2.
Design and Characterization of a Half Maxwell Fish-Eye Lens Antenna in the 76 – 81 GHz Band (2006)

International audience
Watermarking of standard-cell feedthroughs in mixed-signal design (2002)

This paper presents a method for watermarking standard-cell designs in a mixed-signal design environment. The method utilizes the constraints that are placed on a mixed-signal standard-cell design in terms of routing layers, utilizing feedthroughs to watermark the standard-cell portion of the design. The design is watermarked by modifying placement of feedthroughs in the design, allowing the designer flexibility in their placement.
H/sub /spl alpha// emission as a feedback control sensor for reactive sputter deposition of nano-structured, diamond-like carbon coatings (2005)

This paper discusses the potential use of the hydrogen atomic line emission at 656.3 nm (H/sub /spl alpha//) as an effective in-situ sensor for a closed-loop control system to improve the reproducibility of reactive sputter deposition of nano-structured, metal-containing, hydrogenated, diamond-like carbon (Me:DLC:H) coatings. The paper includes experimental results showing a good correlation between H/sub /spl alpha// emission in the process plasma and the formation of metal-carbide, an important component of these coatings. The first attempts at actual feedback-control of the process showed that this sensor can be effective, at least over the stage of the deposition when mostly carbides are formed in the coating. A spectrally resolved analysis of the H/sub /spl alpha// emission for the various stages of the deposition have shown that the emission profile is dominated by a "hot" component (/spl sim/10-20 eV), which can be attributed to dissociative excitation of molecular hydrogen (H/sub 2/). The molecular hydrogen is understood to evolve from the coating as a result of carbon incorporation from the reactive gas (C/sub 2/H/sub 2/) and is particularly sensitive to metal carbide formation in the film, when most of the hydrogen is released from the surface in molecular form.
Interferon alfa-2a and interleukin-2 with or without cisplatin in metastatic melanoma: a randomized trial of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Melanoma Cooperative Group. (1997)

The addition of CDDP to cytokine treatment with IFN alpha and IL-2 does not influence survival of patients with advanced metastatic melanoma, despite a significant increase in response rate and progression-free survival.
Paramagnetic Phospholipid-Based Micelles Targeting VCAM-1 Receptors for MRI Visualization of Inflammation (2016)

Inflammation is signaled by the overexpression of epitopes on the vascular endothelium that primarily aim at recruiting immune cells into the inflamed area. The intravascular localization of these biomarkers makes them suitable targets for the MRI visualization of inflammation. Phospholipid-based nanosystems appear excellent candidates in virtue of their good biocompatibility, ability to deliver a high number of imaging units at the target site, and for the easy functionalization with targeting vectors. In this work, phospholipid-based micelles (hydrodynamic diameter of 20 nm) loaded with the amphiphilic Gd(III)-complex Gd-DOTAMA(C18)2 were vectorized with a small peptide able to specifically bind VCAM-1 receptors. The micelles displayed a high longitudinal relaxivity (36.4 s(-1)mmolGd(-1) at 25 °C and 0.7 T). A (1)H- and (17)O-water relaxometry study indicated that the paramagnetic complex embedded in the nanoparticles adopted two isomeric conformations, likely reflecting the well-known square antiprismatic (SAP) and twisted square antiprismatic (TSAP) configurations typically observed in DOTA-like lanthanide complexes. Interestingly, the TSAP structure, showing a much faster exchange rate for the water molecule coordinated to the metal ion, was the most abundant, thus explaining the high relaxivity of the micellar agent. The systemic administration of the micelles into a lipopolysaccharide-induced murine model of acute inflammation successfully demonstrated the ability of the targeting agents to detect the diseased area by T1 contrast enhanced MRI.
Statistical adaptive sensing by detectors with spectrally overlapping bands (2006)

It has recently been reported that by using a spectral-tuning algorithm, the photocurrents of multiple detectors with spectrally overlapping responsivities can be optimally combined to synthesize, within certain limits, the response of a detector with an arbitrary responsivity. However, it is known that the presence of noise in the photocurrent can degrade the performance of this algorithm significantly, depending on the choice of the responsivity spectrum to be synthesized. We generalize this algorithm to accommodate noise. The results are applied to quantum-dot mid-infrared detectors with bias-dependent spectral responses. Simulation and experiment are used to show the ability of the algorithm to reduce the adverse effect of noise on its spectral-tuning capability.
An Improved Synthesis of Metoclopramide (1971)

This report relates to a new industrial synthesis of metoclopramide (I). Methyl 4-amino-2-methoxybenzoate (V) was prepared by methylation of p-aminosalicylic acid (III) using dimethyl sulfate in the presence of potassium hydroxide in acetone. V and it's saponified product (VI) were chlorinated with iodobenzene dichloride to obtain methyl 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoate (VII) and 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (VIII) respectively. VIII was also prepared by saponification of VII. VIII was condensed direct with N, N-diethylethylenediamine (IV), of which amino group was activated by phosphorus trichloride, whereby I was obtained in high yields.
Integrated recirculating optical hybrid silicon buffers (2011)

We present our work on fully integrated hybrid silicon optical buffers capable of holding 40 byte packets at 40 Gb/s. These devices consist of low loss silicon waveguides and cascaded amplifiers to overcome passive losses in a 1.1 m long delay line. Since cascading multiple gain elements leads to ASE (noise) accumulation, reshaping elements in the form of saturable absorbers are integrated in the delay. Noise filtering in the buffer is investigated by simulating the eye diagram for a delay line with 1R regenerators and comparing it to that of a 2R regenerator. Finally, preliminary experimental data from the optical buffer is shown.
Ionization Potentials of p-Substituted Toluene and Styrene Derivatives (1967)

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Comparison of topical application of oxytetracycline and four nonantibiotic solutions for treatment of papillomatous digital dermatitis in dairy cows (1999)

Oxytetracycline and a commercial formulation of soluble copper, peroxide compound, and a cationic agent appeared to be effective for treatment of PDD in dairy cows.
Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetoin Helps To Maintain pH Homeostasis in <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> (1992)

Pyruvate is the substrate for diacetyl and acetoin synthesis by lactobacilli. Exogenous pyruvate stimulates acetoin production when glucose is present as an energy source. In Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014, the energy derived from glucose via glycolysis generated a constant proton motive force of about -120 mV. At a low external pH, energized cells rapidly transported and accumulated pyruvate but did not do so when they were deenergized by nigericin. When large amounts of pyruvate were transported and subsequently accumulated internally, the cotransported protons rapidly lowered the internal pH. The conversion of pyruvate to acetoin instead of acidic end products contributed to the maintenance of pH homeostasis. This is the first report showing that the conversion of pyruvate to acetoin serves as a mechanism of pH homeostasis.
Oscillatory instability of electromagnetically levitated solid bodies (2000)

This paper presents a linear-stability analysis of small-amplitude oscillations of a solid body suspended in an alternating magnetic field. An original theory is developed for an arbitrary configuration of the magnetic field. Stability of a solid sphere in an axisymmetric linear magnetic field is calculated analytically. Oscillations of the sphere are found to develop as the frequency of the held exceeds a certain critical threshold relative to the characteristic diffusion time of the magnetic field in the sphere. The critical frequency for the onset of oscillations in a linear magnetic field coincides with the critical frequency for the spin-up instability in a uniform magnetic field. The growth rate of oscillations attains a maximum at some frequency above the threshold and approaches zero at high frequencies.
Final results of the randomized phase II DeLOS-II trial: Induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by radiotherapy (R) vs. cetuximab (E) plus IC and R for functional larynx preservation in resectable laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer (LHSCC). (2016)

6025 Background: To evaluate the impact of E added throughout IC and R on the rate of two-year functional laryngectomy free survival (fLFS). Methods: Untreated patients (pts) with stage III/IV LHSCC, amenable to resection by total laryngectomy, were randomized to three cycles of IC with TPF (docetaxel and cisplatin 75 mg/m² day 1 and F 750 mg/m²/day on days 1-5) followed by R (69,6Gy) without (arm A) or with (arm B) standard dose of cetuximab for 16 weeks throughout IC and R. In case of non-response after the first IC cycle, salvage laryngectomy was performed. The primary objective was a 2-year fLFS rate above 35% (lower bound of 80%-CI) in the experimental arm. Results: Of180 pts randomized (7.2007-9.2012), 173 fulfilled ITT criteria. Due to 4 therapy related deaths among the first 64 randomized pts, F was omitted from IC in 2.2009 with no further treatment related deaths in the remaining 112 pts. Table 1 summarizes rates of response, laryngectomy, fLFS and OS. The primary objective of an fLFS above 35% was met, however, the control arm also met objectives. 31.8% (arm A) and 22.7% (arm B) of patients did not respond to first cycle IC. Conclusions: IC with TPFE/TPE was feasible and showed a trend towards being more effective compared to TPF/TP in terms of rates of fLFS and OS. The early response rate to IC of 77.3% and the 1 and 2 year fLFS rates of 63.6% and 46.6%, respectively compare very well to previous larynx preservation trials and suggest effective treatment selection and stratification by early response evaluation to IC. Clinical trial information: NCT00508664.Efficacy and outcome data. Arm A TP(F) – > R Arm B TP(F) – > R plus cetuximab OR (95%CI) Localisation: : : Larynx 44 42 Hypopharynx 41 46 TPF 30 31 TP 55 57 ORR* (n = 126) : : TPF 94.7% 80.0% TP 79.1% 94.9% Laryngectomy 25.9% 33.0% fLFS at 6 months 65.9% 77.3% 0.5680 (0.2905-1.1105) fLFS at 1 year 55.3% 63.6% 0.7068 (0.3842-1.3001) fLFS at 2 years 44.7% 46.6% 0.9268 (0.5094-1.6863) OS at 2 years 68.2% 69.3% 0.9508 (0.4997-1.8091) OR: Odds Ratio; *at final examination
Submodular unsplittable flow on trees (2018)

We study the Unsplittable Flow problem (UFP) on trees with a submodular objective function. The input to this problem is a tree with edge capacities and a collection of tasks, each characterized by a source node, a sink node, and a demand. A subset of the tasks is feasible if the tasks can simultaneously send their demands from the source to the sink without violating the edge capacities. The goal is to select a feasible subset of the tasks that maximizes a submodular objective function. Our main result is an O(k log n)-approximation algorithm for Submodular UFP on trees where k denotes the pathwidth of the given tree. Since every tree has pathwidth O(log n), we obtain an O(log 2 n) approximation for arbitrary trees. This is the first non-trivial approximation guarantee for the problem, matching the best known approximation
In vivo diffusion‐tensor MRI of the human heart on a 3 tesla clinical scanner: An optimized second order (M2) motion compensated diffusion‐preparation approach (2016)

The proposed M2 DT-CMR reproducibly yielded bulk motion robust estimations of mean LV MD, FA, HA, and HATS on a 3T clinical scanner. Magn Reson Med 76:1354-1363, 2016. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
RECOGNITION OF BURIED GOLD ORE BODIES IN WESTERN VICTORIA BASED ON SOIL BACTERIAL LEACHING AND OTHER CHEMICAL LEACH ANALYSES (2003)

New economic mineral deposits are becoming more difficult to locate as mining industries move into the 21st century. Exploration for major ore bodies is progressing under various depths of regolith cover. As this trend in exploration continues, geochemical investigation will play an important role in the success of exploration, particularly where there is a lack of geophysical responses and in areas of transported overburden.
Multifunctional β-amino alcohols as bio-based amine curing agents for the isocyanate- and phosgene-free synthesis of 100% bio-based polyhydroxyurethane thermosets (2015)

Novel 100% bio-based NIPU thermosets by employing bio-based epoxy resin feedstocks as raw material for cyclic carbonate monomers and amine curing agents.
<i>Azotobacter vinelandii</i>siderophore can provide nitrogen to support the culture of the green algae<i>Neochloris oleoabundans</i>and<i>Scenedesmus</i>sp. BA032 (2013)

Microalgae are viewed as a potential future agricultural and biofuel feedstock and also provide an ideal biological means of carbon sequestration based on rapid growth rates and high biomass yields. Any potential improvement using highyield microalgae to fix carbon will require additional fertilizer inputs to provide the necessary nitrogen required for protein and nucleotide biosynthesis. The freeliving diazotroph Azotobacter vinelandii can fix nitrogen under aerobic conditions in the presence of reduced carbon sources such as sucrose or glycerol and is also known to produce a variety of siderophores to scavenge different metals from the environment. In this study, we identified two strains of green algae, Neochloris oleoabundans and Scenedesmus sp. BA032, that are able to utilize the A. vinelandii siderophore azotobactin as a source of nitrogen to support growth. When grown in a co-culture, S. sp. BA032 and N. oleoabundans obtained the nitrogen required for growth through the association with A. vinelandii. These results, indicating a commensalistic relationship, provide a proof of concept for developing a mutualistic or symbiotic relationship between these two species using siderophores as a nitrogen shuttle and might further indicate an additional fate of siderophores in the environment.
Diabetes management in urban African Americans: review of a public hospital experience. (2008)

Structured diabetes care can be successfully introduced into a public health system and effective diabetes management can be provided to an under-served population that can result in improved metabolic outcomes. Lessons learned on diabetes management in this population can be extended to similar clinical settings.