gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chloroform and ether anaesthesia in wartime Burma 1943-1945 (1997)

Anaesthesia, during active war campaign, for patients in the 2nd West African Field Ambulance (2WA Fd Amb) is described. Patients, although mostly battle casualties, also involved general surgical and a few orthopaedic cases. No gynaecological, nor maternity, for obvious reasons. As this particular unit was meant to operate in the jungles of the Arakan in particular and later in Burma in general, only equipment that could be carried by personnel was available, eliminating the use of anaesthetic machines, medical gas cylinders, etc. Thiopentone, glass syringes which had to be sterilized by boiling water, a Schimmelbusch mask, layers of gauze, airways and a bottle for dropping the anaesthetic on the mask were the main 'tools of trade'. The anaesthetic consisted of a mixture of Alcohol (1 part), Chloroform (2 parts) and Ether (3 parts) called the ACE mixture. In spite of the primitive conditions (the whole Brigade was surrounded by the enemy, kept in a 'box' shelled and harassed for more than 3 months, details to be presented). Mortality rate attributable solely to anaesthesia was - mercifully - nil. Elementary methods of general anaesthesia, given even under primitive conditions, although by no means ideal, may lead to acceptable results, provided judicious and meticulous care of the airway and respiration can be assured. As most battle casualties encountered here were due to exploding grenades and shells, the multiple wounds thus caused would not lend themselves easily to being managed with local anaesthesia. However, the latter was used wherever applicable. NB Because - during active battle situations and conditions - the taking of photographs and keeping of records and notes were not allowed - exact figures cannot be given in this presentation.
Data, Data Everywhere (2014)

Abstract This paper that is written by Phil Bradley is based on his keynote lecture, which he gave on 12 June 2014 at the BIALL Annual Conference. He considers the growth of information on the internet, both in terms of type and amount. His article considers the difficulties that this flood of data brings with it, the challenges facing traditional search engines when faced with access by mobile devices and applications. The role of privacy and the ‘internet of things’ are also discussed. Finally, there is an overview of the role of the information professional in this new information environment.
Rh(III)-Catalyzed Tandem Oxidative Olefination−Michael Reactions between Aryl Carboxamides and Alkenes (2010)

Rh(III)-catalyzed oxidative coupling reactions between benzamides or heteroaryl carboxamides and olefins have been developed. The vinylation product can further undergo a Michael reaction leading to γ-lactam in the case of electron-withdrawing olefins.
Recherches récentes et biotechnologies de la multiplication végétative (1998)

Plants have two natural modes of multiplication, i.e. sexual and vegetative as a consequence of propagation via the production of axillary buds, which are copies of the shoot meristem. These buds, after isolation from the mother plant, produce new shoots and plants with the formation of adventitious roots. This type of multiplication occurs irrespective of flowering and sexual reproduction, and results in clonal propagation. Clonal propagation has long been used by man, mainly for multiplying most tuber-bearing plants. Moreover, fruit trees, ornamental plants and many flowers are propagated from cuttings or scions. Although clonal propagation is traditionally used for plant multiplication, new techniques are now available (including tissue culture) that take recent findings on fundamental mechanisms involved in plant embryogenesis and organogenesis into account. The aim of this paper is to summarize the state of the art and review recent progress and prospects concerning clonal propagation. Significance and uses of clonal propagation : Repeated production of new axillary buds is a prerequisite for efficient clonal propagation, i.e. an alternative strategy that enables plants to survive and/or conquer new territories. Concerning agricultural applications, clonal propogation is often used for the production of tuberous food crops or trees. What's new about clonal propagation : Information on meristem origin and function is now available. The shoot meristem is initiated early during embryogenesis. Its size and organisation are under strict genetic regulations. Moreover, axillary meristems differ physiologically according to the plant age and their position on the plant. These two main points are important in the choice of buds for successful clonal propagation or regenerating new shoot meristems from tissue culture. For root meristems, the induction, activation and function of adventitious root meristems, which are also under strict genetic control, have to be taken into consideration. Progress and prospects in clonal propagation : Clonal propagation has been greatly improved through in vitro culture, which allows massive multiplication of plants and eradication of viruses by meristem culture. Moreover, somatic embryogenesis can be induced for rapid multiplication of many species. Work is under way to identify true embryogenic cells and mechanisms involved in cell polarity and asymetric mitosis, which seem necessary for cells to adopt an embryogenic pattern of development. The germinative potential of somatic embryos can be improved by inducing embryo maturation through an exogenous supply of abscissic acid (ABA) and nutrients, which may enhance the production of storage proteins. It is now possible to manage different plant multiplication strategies through sexual or vegetative reproduction. Clonal propagation can thus be obtained by the production of artificial or natural seeds through somatic embryogenesis and apomixis, respectively. These tools offer new opportunities for improving crop plants and accelerating the release and dissemination of improved genotypes.
Multifont Arabic character recognition using Hough transform and hidden Markov models (2005)

Optical characters recognition (OCR) has been an active subject of research since the early days of Computers. Despite the age of the subject, it remains one of the most challenging and exciting areas of research in computer science. In recent years it has grown into a mature discipline, producing a huge body of work. Arabic character recognition has been one of the last major languages to receive attention. This is due, in part, to the cursive nature of the task since even printed Arabic characters are in cursive form. This paper describes the performance of combining Hough transform and hidden Markov models in a multifont Arabic OCR system. Experimental tests have been carried out on a set of 85,000 samples of characters corresponding to 5 different fonts from the most commonly used in Arabic writing. Some promising experimental results are reported.
Restoration of images possessing a finite Fourier series: errata (1982)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text W. Duane Montgomery, "Restoration of images possessing a finite Fourier series: errata," Opt. Lett. 7, 244-244 (1982) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade in non-small cell lung cancer. (2015)

The programmed death 1 (PD-1) pathway is an immune checkpoint that has been implicated in tumoral immune escape, and has emerged as a major focus of immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Multiple agents have progressed through clinical development in recent years, including antibodies targeting both PD-1 and its key ligand, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). This article reviews PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in NSCLC, including completed clinical trials, ongoing studies, future directions, and challenges.
Kinetics of cerium emission in a YAG:Ce single crystal: the role of traps (2000)

We have measured the emission spectra and decay kinetics of Ce-doped YAG under both optical and gamma excitation, at temperatures ranging from 60 to 600 K. The decay traces under gamma excitation display an unusual pattern of temperature dependence. Beginning with the lowest temperatures, the characteristic time constant of the decay coincides with the intrinsic (radiative) decay time up to about 180 K, at which point it suddenly jumps by more than 30%. The decay time remains longer than radiative until well above room temperature, then gradually reverts to the intrinsic value. This behaviour can be explained in terms of an array of shallow traps, whose existence is confirmed by the presence of thermoluminescent glow peaks. Depending on temperature, one or more of these traps acts as a temporary way-station for the free carriers that carry the excitation to the Ce ion, delaying its emission beyond what would be required by radiative decay alone.
Progress in standardization of SONET (1990)

The development of a specification for a standardized optical interface, the synchronous optical network (SONET), is described. The initial project goals, most of which were accomplished with the release of the initial SONET specifications, ANSI T1.105-1988 and ANSI T1.106-1988, are discussed. ANSI T1.105-1988 contains specifications for the rate and format of the SONET interface. ANSI T1.106-1988 contains the optical parameter specification needed to complete the interface specification. Differences between the SONET standard and other interface specifications are examined. The CCITT standardization effort and its relationship to SONET are considered. The second and current phase of SONET, namely, the development of a standard for communicating operations support information across the data communications channel, is described. Related standards activities are summarized, and plans for future SONET standards are outlined. The likely network impact of the planned evolution of the SONET standard over a number of years is assessed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Wound Irrigation in Musculoskeletal Injury (2001)

Wound irrigation to remove debris and lessen bacterial contamination is an essential component of open fracture care. However, considerable practice variation exists in the details of technique. Volume is an important factor; increased volume improves wound cleansing to a point, but the optimal volume is unknown. High-pressure flow has been shown to remove more bacteria and debris and to lower the rate of wound infection compared with low-pressure irrigation, although recent in vitro and animal studies suggest that it may also damage bone. Pulsatile flow has not been demonstrated to increase efficacy. Antiseptic additives can kill bacteria in the wound, but host-tissue toxicities limit their use. Animal and clinical studies of the use of antiseptics in contaminated wounds have yielded conflicting outcomes. Antibiotic irrigation has been effective in experimental studies in some types of animal wounds, but human clinical data are unconvincing due to poor study design. There are few animal or clinical studies of musculoskeletal wounds. Detergent irrigation aims to remove, rather than kill, bacteria and has shown promise in animal models of the complex contaminated musculoskeletal wound.
A low cost optical barcode reader using a webcam (2003)

We have developed a low cost, WebCam based optical barcode reader, which can extract and decode the sequence on a cluttered background. It is composed of three functions: barcode localization from the raw image, transformation of the localized barcode and decoding the sequence with an intelligent algorithm. The localization method is based on detecting the areas with the maximum density difference in two normal directions. The transformation method, capable of identifying any orientation, is based on the Hough line detection method. The decoding method is based on the peak/valley detection method of the barcode waveform and a consistency checking method. The consistency checking method, a constraint network, employs artificial intelligence searching methods. The algorithms used in the barcode reader have been tested on hundreds of images with an accuracy of more than 99%.
Implementing an Asset Trading System Based on Blockchain and Game Theory (2019)

With the development of the Internet and e-commerce, an asset trading system has become more and more complicated. There are security obstacles such as the untrustworthy third-party service in the centralized management system of asset transactions. Thanks to the advanced features of openness, immutability and decentralization of blockchain technology. It is expected to solve the trust problem between buyers and sellers. Based on the Hyperledger Fabric platform, we first present an asset trading system that implements smart contracts for asset release and asset trading. Moreover, we evaluate the performance of the system using Hyperledger Caliper and test functions of system by Postman. To address issues of matching buyers and sellers, a matching model based on game theory is proposed. In this process, the user's reputation value and buyer's bid are used to determine the seller's matchable range, which aims to find the optimal equilibrium solution for buying and selling profit. Our experimental result proves that this system's average latency is less than 0.27S and the event response success rate is 1 basically, when the maximum throughput of the system is not exceeded.
What ADME tests should be conducted for preclinical studies? (2013)

The pharmaceutical industry has been evolving in recent years, which made numerous CROs and biotech companies conducting drug discovery and development programs and services in China. As a very comprehensive and important technology platform bridging efficacy and safety, the DMPK has become a mature discovery function to optimise ADME properties in drug design and screening, and dramatically mitigate attrition rates during the last decades. In this article, the author addresses several frequent questions associated with ADME/DMPK studies, e.g., what ADME tests should be conducted for preclinical studies? What should a typical investigational new drug (IND) enabling package cover? Which ADME/DMPK studies require good laboratory practice (GLP) or non-GLP? What does a good PK profile look like? The author presents a straightforward overview of these basic questions from his many years’ experience in both pharmaceutical research and CRO in supporting drug discovery projects and IND filing.
Novel <i>LGI1</i> mutation in a family with autosomal dominant partial epilepsy with auditory features (2003)

Autosomal dominant partial epilepsy with auditory features (ADPEAF) is a rare idiopathic epilepsy syndrome caused by mutations in the leucine-rich, glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) gene. The authors report that molecular genetic studies in seven affected family members identified a novel F318C substitution that alters a highly conserved residue in a predicted repeat domain of unknown function. This report suggests that this domain may participate in the development of the ADPEAF phenotype.
Experimental Evaluation of Stress-Intensity Solutions for Surface Flaw Growth in Plates (1990)

This combined experimental and analytical study was directed at determining the growth and shape change of surface flaws under axial loading as compared with crack growth data obtained from simple compact tension specimens. The experimental effort aimed at measuring surface flaw crack growth rates for 2219-T851 aluminum specimens. Tests were conducted using constant-amplitude loading with marker bands to measure crack front shape changes. The analytical effort evaluated available crack growth models and stress-intensity solutions and their ability to predict the growth and shape change of surface flaws. The characterization of surface flaws as semiellipses and the independence of crack growth rate and direction were addressed. The resulting model was successful in predicting growth and shape changes under most conditions. However, due to the variation between surface and depth crack growth rates for surface flaws, it was determined that crack growth data from compact tension specimens could not generally be used to characterize the growth of surface flaws.
Split spread-spectrum technique for flexible use of frequency bands (1994)

The paper investigates methods to minimise interference between spread-spectrum (SS) radio-location systems and other radio services. Methods to control the power spectral density (PSD) of SS signals are reviewed. A novel technique, called 'split-signal', is described which minimises mutual interference. The technique exploits the noncontinuous use of the radio spectrum by splitting the SS signals into several lower-rate, narrower-bandwidth components. These are transmitted independently in gaps in the radio spectrum and recombined at the receiver. It is shown, by analysis and simulation, that the performance of split-signal SS radio-location systems in comparable to that of conventional wideband SS systems.
A Fault Tolerance Improved Majority Voter for TMR System Architectures (2016)

For digital system designs, triple modular redundancy (TMR), which is a 3-tuple version of N-modular redundancy is widely preferred for many mission-control and safety-critical applications. The TMR scheme involves two-times duplication of the simplex system hardware, with a majority voter ensuring correctness provided at least two out of three copies of the system remain operational. Thus the majority voter plays a pivotal role in ensuring the correct operation of the system. The fundamental assumption implicit in the TMR scheme is that the majority voter does not become faulty, which may not hold well for implementations based on latest technology nodes with dimensions of the order of just tens of nanometers. To overcome the drawbacks of the classical majority voter some new voter designs were put forward in the literature with the aim of enhancing the fault tolerance. However, these voter designs generally ensure the correct system operation in the presence of either a faulty function module or the faulty voter, considered only in isolation. Since multiple faults may no longer be excluded in the nanoelectronics regime, simultaneous fault occurrences on both the function module and the voter should be considered, and the fault tolerance of the voters have to be analyzed under such a scenario. In this context, this article proposes a new fault-tolerant majority voter which is found to be more robust to faults than the existing voters in the presence of faults occurring internally and/or externally to the voter. Moreover, the proposed voter features less power dissipation, delay, and area metrics based on the simulation results obtained by using a 32/28nm CMOS process.
Finite-state Markov channel-a useful model for radio communication channels (1995)

The authors first study the behavior of a finite-state channel where a binary symmetric channel is associated with each state and Markov transitions between states are assumed. Such a channel is referred to as a finite-state Markov channel (FSMC). By partitioning the range of the received signal-to-noise ratio into a finite number of intervals, FSMC models can be constructed for Rayleigh fading channels. A theoretical approach is conducted to show the usefulness of FSMCs compared to that of two-state Gilbert-Elliott channels. The crossover probabilities of the binary symmetric channels associated with its states are calculated. The authors use the second-order statistics of the received SNR to approximate the Markov transition probabilities. The validity and accuracy of the model are confirmed by the state equilibrium equations and computer simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pilot Study Exploring Chronic Pudendal Neuromodulation as a Treatment Option for Pain Associated with Pudendal Neuralgia (2014)

Chronic pudendal neuromodulation can improve pain in patients with pudendal neuralgia.
The RDFS mapping for recursive relationship of relational data model (2010)

The growing demand for a Semantic Web is focusing attention on Semantic Web trials that use a huge amount of data from a relational database (RDB). Hence, the literature on the transformation of RDB data to resource description framework (RDF) statements has consequently become very important. The relational data model (RDM), the base of RDB, represents real world data using relationships [1]. In existing research, the mapping of RDB data to RDF only generates an RDF triple statement from an RDB table structure in a flat level; existing research does not consider the mapping of RDM which describes the business rules. In RDM, the relationship describes real world business rules by connecting the two entities. If one entity relates to itself, then it has a recursive relationship which helps to explain the logical data model and extend its flexibility. The recursive relationship is a necessary relation type of most data models to describe more complex business rules. This paper suggests a mapping method to map the two types of recursive relationships to the resource description framework schema (RDFS). One type of recursive relationship is generated during the integration process with different entities at different levels in a hierarchical structure while the other is generated at the hierarchical structure between the instances of an attribute in an entity. The transformed RDFS, including the class, subclasses, and subproperties minimizes the loss of data meaning and enables the process of the inference function to be used with RDB data. The method of transforming RDB data to inferable, transitive RDF/RDFS with SQL implies that the most difficult step of writing a Semantic Web can be automated. In short, the proposed method enables a Semantic Web to be built with greater efficiency.
Minireview/MinisynthèseIntegrated management of potato silver scurf ( <i>Helminthosporium solani</i> ) (2010)

Abstract Silver scurf is a surface blemish disease of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers, caused by Helminthosporium solani Durieu & Mont., which has gained increasing economic importance in recent years. The disease develops initially in the field but fully expands in the warehouse under storage conditions favourable to the spread of the pathogen. Control of the disease, once provided by the fungicide thiabendazole, is now difficult due to the appearance of thiabendazole-resistant strains and the lack of potato cultivars with high levels of resistance to silver scurf. An integrated disease management programme including appropriate cultural methods and storage conditions along with the use at planting and/or at harvest of synthetic chemical fungicides is recommended to reduce the incidence and the severity of silver scurf. Recent studies put forth the possibility that ‘generally recognized as safe’ (GRAS) compounds and microbial antagonists could eventually be integrated into silver scurf management strategies.