gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Changing activity of ribonuclease A during adsorption: a molecular explanation. (1989)

The activity of ribonuclease A (RNase A) during adsorption onto molecular smooth mica increases from 16% to 78% in a period of 24 h when compared to its activity in free solution at pH 5 and 20 +/- 0.5 degrees C. From electropotential plots, the tertiary structure of RNase A, the characteristics of the mica surface, and direct measurements of the intermolecular forces between two adsorbed enzyme layers, a molecular explanation is offered for the changing activity with time. Initially, the RNase A molecules lie flat-on the mica with their smallest axis perpendicular to and their active site facing the surface. As adsorption proceeds, the molecules slowly reorient until at long times they lie end-on with their largest axis perpendicular to the surface and their active site partially exposed to the free solution. A translational diffusion process is indicated for the phase transition and molecular reorientation of the RNase A molecules.
Causes of Wrinkle in Silky Wallpaper and Its Solution (2007)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the cause of fine wrinkles occurred in silky wallpaper and its solution. The characteristics of base papers, wallpapers and adhesives (conventional and modified) were evaluated to find the possibility for the occurrence of fine wrinkles. It was found that the base papers and wallpapers did not cause the occurrence of silky wallpaper. It was concluded that the fine wrinkles in silky wallpaper was caused by the nonuniform distribution of adhesive, the localized shrinkage of adhesive and the breaking the balance between the resistance of wallpaper and shrinkage of adhesive. Three possible solutions for the prevention of the occurrence of fine wrinkles in silky paper were recommended.
Processing of Polyetherimide/Cloisite 30B Nanocomposite by Vibration Casting Method (2014)

Abstract Vibration casting method was developed for making polyetherimide (PEI)/Cloisite 30B nanocomposite. Towards this, a vibration casting apparatus was designed and developed. Vibration casting apparatus provided vibrational energy and heat, simultaneously. The processing parameters were established for vibration casting in terms of frequency of vibration, temperature, time and viscosity of casting mixture. Casting mixture of PEI/Cloisite 30B/N,N-dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) was made by dissolving PEI in DMAc and then mixing Cloisite 30B in this solution. The viscosity of PEI/Cloisite 30B/DMAc mixture was optimized for casting by controlling the volume fraction of PEI in DMAc. Morphology of PEI/Cloisite 30B nanocomposite was examined by wide angle X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurement. Mechanical and thermal properties of PEI/Cloisite 30B nanocomposite were also compared with that of neat PEI to ascertain the efficacy of vibration casting method.
Coded exposure HDR light‐field video recording (2014)

Abstract Capturing exposure sequences to compute high dynamic range (HDR) images causes motion blur in cases of camera movement. This also applies to light‐field cameras: frames rendered from multiple blurred HDR light‐field perspectives are also blurred. While the recording times of exposure sequences cannot be reduced for a single‐sensor camera, we demonstrate how this can be achieved for a camera array. Thus, we decrease capturing time and reduce motion blur for HDR light‐field video recording. Applying a spatio‐temporal exposure pattern while capturing frames with a camera array reduces the overall recording time and enables the estimation of camera movement within one light‐field video frame. By estimating depth maps and local point spread functions (PSFs) from multiple perspectives with the same exposure, regional motion deblurring can be supported. Missing exposures at various perspectives are then interpolated.
Effect of Hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO)/Nitrogen Plasma Polymerisation on the Anti Felting and Dyeability of Wool Fabric (2014)

This work is focused on the characterisation of the physical and surface properties of plasma coated wool fabric. A thin film was deposited on wool fabric samples by means of the plasma polymerisation of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) and differences between such plasma-treated and untreated fabrics were evaluated. The films deposited were character ised by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Also the surface morphology of samples was studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Hydrophobic properties of the samples were tested using the water drop test. The results show that by plasma polymerisation, hydrophobic properties of the wool surface change to super hydrophobic. The main aim of the HMDSO/N2 plasma polymerisation of wool fabrics is to improve anti felting properties and dyeing behaviour.
Methodologies for Blunt Trauma Assessment in Military Helmets (2010)

Abstract : Since World War II, U.S. military combat helmets have provided various degrees of protection against ballistic threats, including fragments and bullets. Only recently, however, have combat helmets been specified to provide blunt impact protection. This study assesses the current generation of combat helmets and four commercial off the shelf (COTS) pad suspension systems (denoted A, B, C, and D) for blunt impact protection against realistic blunt impact threats including falls, parachute drops, and motor vehicle crashes using a drop test methodology based upon the Advanced Combat Helmet (ACH) Purchase Description (CO/PD-05-04) and the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Laboratory Test Procedure for Motorcycle Helmets (TP-218-06). Three variant headforms (DOT, NOCSAE, and ISO) and three independent testing laboratories were used to examine 549 helmet samples with a total of 7,686 impacts. A single ballistic shell manufacturer was used to reduce potential variability. All five fielded helmet sizes (S, M, L, XL, and XXL) were included in the study, and impacts were conducted at three temperature conditions (263 5 K, 295 4 K, and 327 5 K) as well as at three impact velocities (3.0 0.1m/s, 4.3 0.1m/s, and 5.3 0.2m/s). For the DOT headform tests, hot temperature conditions showed substantially greater peak acceleration than the cold or ambient conditions (60g across all tests). Peak acceleration values from the first DOT headform impact averaged 30g less than those measured during a repeat impact. On average, the peak impact accelerations measured in the NOCSAE headform were 48g less than those measured in the DOT headform and 74g less than those measured in the ISO headform, across all velocities. As the impact velocities increased, this effect became more pronounced. Careful consideration should be given to advantages and disadvantages of each test headform for future testing. Detailed headform anthropometry may be an issue for assessment of higher perfo
A Smart Workcell for Human-Robot Cooperative Assembly of Carbon Fiber Parts (2021)

The production of carbon fiber parts is currently mainly performed by human operators, due to the complexity of the process. When large parts are involved, more operators are needed. The DrapeBot project aims at developing a human- robot cooperative system capable of assisting one single operator working on large parts. This requires environment perception in the workcell, intelligent robot task and motion planning, and the understanding of the production process. This paper outlines the track proposed to create such an intelligent cooperative workcell.
From obfuscation to comprehension (2015)

Code obfuscation techniques are widely used in industry to increase protection of source code and intellectual property. The idea is that even if attackers gain hold of source code, it will be hard for them to understand what it does and how. Thus obfuscation techniques are specifically targeted at human comprehension of code. We suggest that the ideas and experience embedded in obfuscations can be used to learn about comprehension. In particular, we survey known obfuscation techniques and use them in an attempt to derive metrics for code (in) comprehensibility. This leads to emphasis on issues such as identifier naming, which are typically left on the sidelines in discussions of code comprehension, and motivates increased efforts to measure their effect.
Acid and base catalysis of the mutarotation of D-arabinose oxime (1982)

Tha mutarotation of Z-D-arabinose oxime is subject to general acid and to specific base catalysis and is proposed to proceed by an addition–elimination pathway involving cyclic N-arabinosylhydroxylamine intermediates. It is suggested that general acid catalysis (Brönsted α 0.54) proceeds via a prior equilibrium proton transfer followed by a rate-determining reaction with conjugate base.
Enterovirus infection during pregnancy is inversely associated with atopic disease in the offspring (2018)

Our results suggest that maternal EV infections during pregnancy are inversely associated with atopic disease in the offspring. Our finding provides further support to the previous studies suggesting an important role of the in utero environment in the development of atopic diseases.
Interaction Between <i>PPARA</i> Genotype and β-Blocker Treatment Influences Clinical Outcomes Following Acute Coronary Syndromes (2008)

PPARA IVS7 2498 genotype is associated with heterogeneity in 1-year outcome in response to BB among patients following ACS, and may predict which patients benefit from BB therapy, putatively related to the effect of myocardial PPARalpha expression on beta-adrenergic responsiveness.
Thermolabile Kohlenwasserstoffe, XVIII. 1‐Substituierte Neopentyl‐Radikale und ihre Dimeren (1983)

Abstract Die 3,4‐Diaryl‐2,2,5,5‐tetramethylhexane 1a ‐ e wurden als reine meso ‐ und DL ‐Isomere dargestellt. Nach NMR‐Analyse, Röntgenstrukturbestimmungen für meso ‐ und DL ‐ 1e (mit (FB) 2 E‐Konformation 10) als Energieminimum für DL ‐ 1e ) und Kraftfeldrechnungen unterscheiden sich die Diastereomeren charakteristisch in ihren Vorzugskonformationen, Rotationspotentialen und Spannungsenthalpien sowie in den Aktivierungsparametern ihres thermischen Zerfalls in 1‐Arylneopentyl‐Radikale 2 . Aus einer Entropiediskussion wird gefolgert, daß die thermische Dissoziation dabei über primär gebildete diastereomere sandwichartige Radikalkomplexe verläuft, deren Festigkeit Δ S ≠ beeinflußt. Die Rekombination der Radikale 2 erfolgt ebenfalls stereoselektiv. Die Substituenteneffekte auf die Selektivität werden durch primäre Bildung der diastereomeren Radikalpaar‐Komplexe verständlich.
Refinement of the chromosome 16 locus for benign familial infantile convulsions (2005)

Benign familial infantile convulsions (BFIC) is an autosomal dominantly inherited partial epilepsy syndrome of early childhood with remission before the age of 3 years. The syndrome has been linked to loci on chromosomes 1q23, 2q24, 16p12-q12, and 19q in various families. The aim of this study was to identify the responsible locus in four unrelated Dutch families with BFIC. Two of the tested families had pure BFIC; in one family, affected individuals had BFIC followed by paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesias at later age, and in one family, BFIC was accompanied by later-onset focal epilepsy in older generations. Linkage analysis was performed for the known loci on chromosomes 1q23, 2q24, 16p12-q12, and 19q. The two families with pure BFIC were linked to chromosome 16p12-q12. Using recombinants from these and other published families, the chromosome 16-candidate gene region was reduced from 21.4 Mb (4.3 cm) to 2.7 Mb (0.0 cm). For the other two families, linkage to any of the known loci was unlikely. In conclusion, we confirm the linkage of pure BFIC to chromosome 16p12-q12, with further refinement of the locus. Furthermore, the lack of involvement of the known loci in two of the families indicates further genetic heterogeneity for BFIC.
Design Of A Concrete Cold Water Pipe For Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Systems (1979)

ABSTRACT OTEC plantships will employ extremely long transport ducts for carrying cold ocean water from great depths to the surface for processing. A methodology used for the design of a 3,000 foot long, 30 foot inside diameter segmented, prestressed, lightweight hybrid concrete cold water pipe (CWP) is presented. Motions, hence inertial loadings, of the pipe when subjected to the random seaway were predicted using a frequency domain, hydrodynamic analysis computer program. Analysis results and techniques developed for the generation of design loads from hydrodynamic data are described. A summary of the structural design of the pipe and pipe joint components is presented. Also, cold water pipe component fabrication and deployment scenarios are developed. Estimated construction and deployment cost data are presented in parallel with applicable developments. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The OTEC process is one of the potential alternate energy sources undergoing development today. The OTEC cycle relies on large thermal gradients which are found in the ocean waters near the equator., surface water temperatures are commonly near 80 F. year round; whereas, at great depths (3,000 feet or more), the water temperature remains essentially constant at approximately 40 F. Hence, large volumes of warm and cold water can be pumped over heat exchanger modules to vaporize and condense fluids possessing low vaporization points. The vaporized fluid is used to drive turbines mechanically coupled to electric generators for power production. Turbine exhaust is then condensed by the cold water heat exchanger modules to complete the closed cycle. Commercial plantships in the 100 to 500 Megawatt (MWe) capacity are envisioned. It is planned that the cold water be ingested 3,000 feet below the ocean surface and transported to the floating plantship within a large diameter pipe integrally connected to the platform. Connected to the platform and remaining at sea for extended periods of time, the pipe will be subjected to an adverse environment characterized by wind and wave induced platform motions, wave induced cold water pipe (CWP) motions, seawater corrosion and marine fouling. The preliminary design of one such CWP is presented herein. The objective of this effort was to design a CWP system which could be used in conjunction with an OTEC pilot plantship to demonstrate the feasibility of the OTEC process. In doing so, the design had to be cost effective and had to address the design requirements envisioned for future commercial plantships. The practicality of the ongoing technical design effort was continuously evaluated from the viewpoint of system constructability, deployment and cost. This work was performed under contract to the Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory. Much assistance with the hydrodynamic analysis was provided by Professor J. R. Paulling, University of California at Berkeley. Consultation regarding the CWP deployment scenario was provided by Tokola Offshore, Inc., Portland, Oregon.
The influence of acupuncture on salivary flow rates in healthy subjects (1997)

This study investigated the influence of acupuncture stimulation on the salivary secretion of eight healthy subjects. The salivary flow of each subject was measured before, during and after every acupuncture session. The unstimulated, chewing-stimulated and citric acid-stimulated flows were investigated, in combination with manual and electrically stimulated acupuncture. The results showed a significant increase of the unstimulated salivary flow both during and after the manual acupuncture stimulation as compared to baseline levels. There was no effect on the unstimulated salivary flow with electro-acupuncture. The stimulated salivary flow was not affected by manual acupuncture, while the electrically stimulated acupuncture led to a significant decrease of the chewing-stimulated salivary flow. The improvement of the unstimulated salivary secretion in healthy subjects was in accordance with our previous findings in xerostomic patients. It is possible that the salivary secretion is influenced by the augmented release of neuropeptides caused by acupuncture. Some neuropeptides have been shown to affect salivary secretion as well as capillary blood flow.
Primary motor neurons fail to up‐regulate voltage‐gated sodium channel Na<sub>v</sub>1.3/brain type III following axotomy resulting from spinal cord injury (2002)

Epilepsy occurs in a small proportion of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), but whether it is due to concomitant traumatic head injury or to changes in cortical motor neurons secondary to axotomy within the spinal cord is not known. Na(v)1.3/brain type III sodium channel expression is up-regulated following peripheral axotomy of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and facial motor neurons, but, to date, Na(v)1.3 expression has not been examined in upper (cortical) motor neurons following axotomy associated with SCI. In the present study, we examine Na(v)1.3 expression in upper motor neurons within rat primary motor cortex following midthoracic (T9) dorsal column transection, which severs the axons of those cells. Axotomized pyramidal cells were identified by retrograde transport of fluorogold. Immunolabeled cells were confined to layer V of the primary motor cortex and exhibited low levels of Na(v)1.3 staining. After axotomy, no significant changes were detected in Na(v)1.3 density or distribution in injured or uninjured cells, compared with control brains, in contrast to up-regulation of Na(v)1.3 in ipsilateral DRG neurons after sciatic nerve transection. These results do not preclude a role for voltage-gated sodium channels in post-SCI epilepsy but suggest that up-regulated expression of Na(v)1.3 channel is not involved.
Hydrogenation on Metal Surfaces: Why are Nanoparticles More Active than Single Crystals? (2003)

Size matters: Under low-pressure conditions, hydrogenation of alkenes, such as 2-pentene and ethene, is shown to occur on supported palladium nanoparticles, whereas single-crystal palladium surfaces are inactive. This finding is rationalized on the basis of the accessibility of weakly bound subsurface hydrogen (see picture), which is enhanced on particles of nanometer dimensions.
Sero-epidemiological evaluation of changes in Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax transmission patterns over the rainy season in Cambodia (2012)

In areas of low transmission intensity, such as in Cambodia, the analysis of longitudinal serological data enables a sensitive evaluation of transmission dynamics. Consecutive serological surveys allow an insight into spatio-temporal patterns of malaria transmission. The use of CART enabled multiple interactions to be accounted for simultaneously and permitted risk factors for exposure to be clearly identified.
Evidence that the antioxidant flavonoids in tea and cocoa are beneficial for cardiovascular health (2002)

Epidemiologic studies suggest an inverse association of tea consumption with cardiovascular disease. The antioxidant effects of flavonoids in tea (including preventing oxidative damage to LDL) are among the potential mechanisms that could underlie the protective effects. Other possible mechanisms include attenuating the inflammatory process in atherosclerosis, reducing thrombosis, promoting normal endothelial function, and blocking expression of cellular adhesion molecules. Cocoa and chocolate can also be rich sources of flavonoids. Flavanols and procyanidins isolated from cocoa exhibit strong antioxidant properties in-vitro. In acute feeding studies, flavanol-rich cocoa and chocolate increased plasma antioxidant capacity and reduced platelet reactivity. Based on limited data, approximately 150 mg of flavonoids is needed to trigger a rapid antioxidant effect and changes in prostacyclin. Some dose-response evidence demonstrates an antioxidant effect with approximately 500 mg flavonoids. Brewed tea typically contains approximately 172 mg total flavonoids per 235 ml (brewed for 2 min); hence, consumption of 1 and 3.5 cups of tea would be expected to elicit acute and chronic physiologic effects, respectively. Chocolate is more variable with some products containing essentially no flavonoids (0.09 mg procyanidin/g), whereas others are high in flavonoids (4 mg procyanidin/g). Thus, approximate estimates of flavonoid rich chocolate needed to exert acute and chronic effects are 38 and 125 g, respectively. Collectively, the antioxidant effects of flavonoid-rich foods may reduce cardiovascular disease risk.
Immune elimination and enhanced antibody responses: functions of circulating IgA. (1980)

Passively transferred MOPC 315 IgA myeloma protein accelerated the elimination of DNP-ovalbumin, to which the myeloma protein bound with antibody-like affinity, from the circulation and increased the subsequent antibody response to hapten and to carrier, when injected with or without adjuvant.
'Super Dwarf' Rice: Temperature Studies (1999)

Detailed temperature studies are a prerequisite to the optimization of crop productivity because field studies at ambient CO2 provide only a general guide to optimal temperatures. Meristem temperature has a profound effect on crop development rate, and the optimum temperature usually decreases as the crop matures. Previous studies with semi-dwarf rice (Ai-nan-tsao & 29-Lu-1) indicated that temperatures above about 33 ºC reduce seed set if they occur during anthesis. In rice, high temperatures are especially detrimental if there is rapid dark-to-light temperature increase. Conversely, average day/night temperatures in the mid 20's delay heading and cause an undesirable increase in vegetative biomass. We examined 3 temperatures prior to anthesis (30/24; 32/26; & 34/28). Temperature of all treatments was decreased to 30/24 at 3-d prior to anthesis and further decreased to 28/22 during grain fill to prolong the duration of grain fill and increase harvest index. Vegetative biomass was increased by 10% per oC with increasing temperature, but seed yield was not significantly increased at the warmer temperatures so harvest index decreased. Super dwarf rice continues forming tillers throughout vegetative growth, presumably because of the lack of apical dominance caused by a lack of active gibberellic acid. At the relatively low plant density used in this study (100 plants per m2), many late tillers were formed and 25 to 30% of the heads were sterile. We are now conducting density studies and adding low levels of GA to the nutrient solution to decrease late tillers and improve harvest index.
From Outside to Inside? Dose-Dependent Renal Tubular Damage After High-Dose Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy in Rats Measured with <i>In Vivo</i> <sup>99m</sup> Tc-DMSA-SPECT and Molecular Imaging (2007)

Renal damage in rats after PRRT appeared to start in a dose-dependent manner in the proximal tubules and continued to the more distal tubules with increasing amounts of injected activity. In vivo SPECT measurement of (99m)Tc-DMSA uptake was highly accurate to grade renal tubular damage after PRRT.
Ischämischer Insult – Interventionelle Therapie (2014)

In addition to the long-established local thrombolysis by means of a catheter, other mechanical procedures for the interventional treatment of acute ischemic stroke have been introduced over the last ten years. These new methods have proved to be effective for the recanalization of occluded vessels supplying the brain and can, in principle, also be employed outside of the therapeutic window valid for intravenous thrombolysis. For just this reason such interventionaltherapies are being increasingly used, also in combination with intravenous thrombolysis. However, higher demands are placed on imaging diagnostics in order to protect the patients from unnecessary risks resulting from these invasive measures. Since this is still a very new therapeutic procedure it has not yet been conclusively demonstrated that the interventional method, in spite of all theoretical advantages in comparison with intravenous thrombolysis, really does lead to a better outcome for the patients. The indication must thus be made on an individual basis at the interdisciplinary level.