gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An entropy based classification scheme for land applications of polarimetric SAR (1997)

The authors outline a new scheme for parameterizing polarimetric scattering problems, which has application in the quantitative analysis of polarimetric SAR data. The method relies on an eigenvalue analysis of the coherency matrix and employs a three-level Bernoulli statistical model to generate estimates of the average target scattering matrix parameters from the data. The scattering entropy is a key parameter is determining the randomness in this model and is seen as a fundamental parameter in assessing the importance of polarimetry in remote sensing problems. The authors show application of the method to some important classical random media scattering problems and apply it to POLSAR data from the NASA/JPL AIRSAR data base.
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Tissue‐Specific Progenitor Cells: Their Role in Tissue Homeostasis (2015)

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) reside in many human organs and comprise heterogeneous population of cells with self-renewal ability. These cells can be isolated from different tissues, and their morphology, immunophenotype, and differentiation potential are dependent on their tissue of origin. Each organ contains specific population of stromal cells which maintain regeneration process of the tissue where they reside, but some of them have much more wide plasticity and differentiate into multiple cells lineage. MSCs isolated from adult human tissues are ideal candidates for tissue regeneration and tissue engineering. However, MSCs do not only contribute to structurally tissue repair but also MSC possess strong immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties and may influence in tissue repair by modulation of local environment. This paper is presenting an overview of the current knowledge of biology of tissue-resident mesenchymal stromal and progenitor cells (originated from bone marrow, liver, skeletal muscle, skin, heart, and lung) associated with tissue regeneration and tissue homeostasis.
Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Intercalators: Principles, Design, Synthesis, Applications and Trends (2009)

In the present overview, we describe the bases of intercalation of small molecules (cationic and polar neutral compounds) in DNA. We briefly describe the importance of DNA structure and principles of intercalation. Selected syntheses, possibilities and applications are shown to exemplify the importance, drawbacks and challenges in this pertinent, new, and exciting research area. Additionally, some clinical applications (molecular processes, cancer therapy and others) and trends are described.
HYDROXYETHYL STARCH INHIBITS NEUTROPHIL ADHESION AND TRANSENDOTHELIAL MIGRATION (2005)

A resuscitation strategy that significantly alters the state of neutrophil (PMN) activation may impact organ function and survivability after shock. Various resuscitative fluids have been shown to elicit a severe immune activation and an upregulation of cellular injury markers, whereas other fluids have been shown to be protective. Recent studies have demonstrated that hydroxyethyl starch (HES), an artificial colloid, may exert significant anti-inflammatory effects, whereas conflicting studies with the same substance have shown an increase in PMN activation. Successful manipulation of the early immune events associated with hemorrhage and resuscitation will require a better understanding of the possible pro- or anti-inflammatory effects of resuscitation fluids. Our study investigated the effect of HES directly on PMN and cultured vascular endothelial cells in vitro. The effect of HES on PMN surface expression of CD11b and L-selectin was measured by flow cytometry. PMN activation response to HES was measured using a shape-change assay in response to formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (f-MLP). The effect of HES on endothelial cell surface expression of E-selectin, P-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1), and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay. PMN rolling, adhesion, and migration events were measured using direct microscopy under conditions simulating microvascular flow. PMN surface expression of CD11b and L-selectin in whole blood samples and isolated PMNs were unaffected by exposure to HES. HES had no effect on the normal f-MLP dose-dependent increase in PMN activation. In the absence of IL-1 stimulation, there was a small but statistically significant (P < 0.05) increase in ICAM-1 after exposure to HES. After stimulation with IL-1 (10 U/mL), HES had no effect on the expression of P-selectin, E-selectin, ICAM-1, or VCAM-1. Under simulated microvascular flow conditions in vitro, HES significantly diminished the PMN tethering rate (P < 0.05) and the transendothelial migration rate (P < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. HES significantly alters the function of the PMN at the interface of the PMN responding to activated endothelium. The effect occurs, surprisingly, without a coincident effect on the state of PMN activation or a significant change in the surface expression of the adhesion molecules responsible for PMN-endothelial interaction.
Premenstrual Syndrome (1988)

A double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled study of dydrogesterone (10 mg b.d.) in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome is described. Two groups of women were studied: secondarily referred hospital clinic patients, and self-referred patients. Only one-third of patients screened completed the study. All patients showed significant improvements in symptom scores during the course of the study, the only significant difference between placebo- and dydrogesterone-treated patients being an increase in frequency of breast tenderness and a decrease in pain with menstrual bleeding in the latter.
Effects of Early Onset Asthma and <i>In Utero</i> Exposure to Maternal Smoking on Childhood Lung Function (2003)

Both in utero exposures to maternal smoking and asthma are associated with chronic deficits in lung function. We hypothesized that in utero exposure affects lung function in children without asthma and synergistically affects children with early onset asthma. To investigate effects of in utero exposure and age at asthma diagnosis on lung function, we examined longitudinal medical history, tobacco smoke exposure, and lung function data from 5,933 participants in the Children's Health Study. We found that children exposed in utero, but without asthma, showed decreased FEV1/FVC, FEF25-75, and FEF25-75/FVC ratio. Among children without in utero exposure, early asthma diagnosis was associated with larger decreases in FEV1, FEF25-75, and FEV1/FVC ratio compared with later diagnosed asthma. Children with in utero exposure alone and early onset asthma showed deficits in FEV1 (-13.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -18.9 to -8.2) and FEF25-75 (-29.7%; 95% CI, -37.8 to -20.5) among boys; and FEF25-75 (-26.6%; 95% CI, -36.4 to -15.1) and FEV1/FVC (-9.3%; 95% CI, -12.9 to -5.4) among girls. The absolute differences in FEF25-75 associated with in utero exposure increased with age in children with early onset asthma. We found little evidence for effects from environmental tobacco smoke exposure alone. In summary, deficits in lung function were largest among children with in utero exposure and early onset asthma.
[Effects of phosphatidylserine in an experimental model of generalized epilepsy]. (1984)

The possible antiepileptic activity of PS has been tested in a model of generalized epilepsy induced by penicillin in the cat. In acute experiments, topical application to the cortex of PS (from 20 mg/ml to 50 mg/ml) produced a reverse in the polarity of the spike and wave complex and, sometimes, a decrease in the voltage as well as a morphological deformation of s-w bursts. Chronic intraperitoneal administration of PS induced a decrease of the epileptic burst frequency. The effect was already apparent after 14 days and of greater extent after 21 days. Finally the antiepileptic effect of 0,2-0,5 mg/Kg diazepam, given in a single dose during the maximal epileptic activity resulted markedly reinforced in animals chronically treated with PS.
<title>Illuminant color from shading</title> (1990)

The image of a uniform wall illuminated by a spotlight often gives a strong impression of the illuminant color. How can it be possible to know if it is a white wall illuminated by yellow light or a yellow wall illuminated by white light? If the wall is a Lambertian reflector, it would not be possible to tell the difference. However, in the real world, some amount of specular reflection is often present. An empirical reflection model describes light reflection from an inhomogeneous surface as a mixture of a specular (interface) component and a diffuse (body) component. Since the spatial scale over which the interface reflection changes significantly is much smaller than that of the body reflection, it can be shown that one can effectively exploit the scale difference to find a unique solution, which is often quite accurate. The method can also be generalized to compute the illuminant chromaticity for a nonuniform smooth surface.
New Unbalance Factor for Estimating Performance of a Three-Phase Induction Motor With Under- and Overvoltage Unbalance (2010)

This paper evaluates the influence of the unbalance factors in calculating total copper losses, efficiency, power factor, input power, output torque, peak currents, and derating factor of the motor operating under unbalanced voltage system. The complete definition for the voltage unbalance is using complex voltage-unbalance factor that consists of its magnitude and angle. A coefficient to determine either under- or over-unbalance conditions is inserted. The analysis of the motor is performed using the method of symmetrical component, and MATLAB software is used to investigate the performance of the induction motor. The simulation results show that the International Electrotechnical Commission definition of the voltage unbalance combined with the coefficient of unbalance condition can be applied to evaluate total copper losses, input power, power factor, and total output torque precisely. However, the phase angle of the unbalance factor must be included for accurate prediction of peak current and peak copper losses of the phase windings and derating factor of the motor.
Notizen: Alkylsubstituierte Diphosphinomethane: Gemischte Cl/t-Bu- und Me/CH<sub>2</sub>SiMe<sub>3</sub>-Derivate [1] / Alkyl Substituted Diphosphinomethanes: Mixed Cl/t-Bu and Me/CH<sub>2</sub>SiMe<sub>3</sub> Derivatives [1] (1983)

The syntheses of (t-Bu) 2 PCH 2 P(t-Bu) 2 and (PhO) 2 PCH 2 P(Oph) 2 and an improvement of the synthesis of Me 2 PCH 2 PMe 2 are described. Mixed Me/CH 2 SiMe 3 and Cl/t-Bu diphosphinomethane derivatives are characterized by means of NMR spectroscopy.
Cytokine and cytokine receptor concentrations in bone marrow supernatant from patients with HIV: correlation with hematologic parameters. (1999)

Evaluation of local concentrations of cytokines may be relevant to understanding tissue-specific pathology in HIV-infected individuals.
Facile Preparation of Hierarchically Porous Carbon Monoliths with Well-Ordered Mesostructures (2006)

By integration of gel casting with chemical vapor deposition (CVD), hierarchically porous carbon monoliths with either hexagonal or cubic mesostructures are prepared starting from well-ordered mesoporous silica powders (SBA-15 and KIT-6). Powdery silica particles are first fused together to form silica monoliths by the gel-casting method. Furfuryl alcohol at various concentrations in trimethylbenzene is used as carbon precursor. The use of low concentration of furfuryl alcohol, together with a secondary loading of carbon by the CVD method, allows an additional level of control over the hierarchical porosity of carbon monoliths. In addition, monolithic carbon materials with connected hexagonally packed nanopipes are fabricated for the first time here from large-pore SBA-15. The carbon monoliths exhibit macroporosity, well-ordered mesoporosity with either hexagonal or bicontinuous cubic symmetry, and controlled microporosity. The method described can be extended to prepare other types of carbon monoliths with different symmetries when appropriate silica templates with a connected pore system (e.g., MCM-48, SBA-16, and NaY) are applied.
3D fingertip and palm tracking in depth image sequences (2012)

We present a vision-based approach for robust 3D fingertip and palm tracking on depth images using a single Kinect sensor. First the hand is segmented in the depth images by applying depth and morphological constraints. The palm is located by performing distance transform to the hand contour and tracked with a Kalman filter. The fingertips are detected by combining three depth-based features and tracked with a particle filter over successive frames. Quantitative results on synthetic depth sequences show the proposed scheme can track the fingertips quite accurately. Besides, its capabilities are further demonstrated through a real-life human-computer interaction application.
Droit fiscal européen (chronique) (2014)

 La Cour a renforcé les obligations qui pèsent sur les autorités des Etats membres en vue de lutter contre les abus du droit de l’Union ; et leurs juridictions suprêmes peuvent commettre des manquements si elles prennent le risque de ne pas poser de questions préjudicielles sur des questions (fiscales) complexes.  En matière d’impôts directs, la Cour de justice a rendu de nombreux arrêts qui confirment la jurisprudence antérieure. Elle a apporté des précisions sur la méthode permettant de comparer les situations des établissements stables résidents et non-résidents et a étendu la jurisprudence Marks & Spencer aux pertes de ces derniers.  La Commission européenne a proposé, sans succès toutefois, des mesures fiscales permettant une meilleure taxation des entreprises du secteur numérique.  En matière de TVA, la coopération administrative et la lutte contre la fraude ont été renforcées. Des arrêts importants concernant le régime des sociétés holdings, la location immobilière, et le droit à déduction de succursales d’établissement bancaires ont été rendus.  La Cour a rendu deux arrêts importants relatifs aux droits des contribuables en matière de répression pénale des infractions fiscales. Au-delà des questions habituelles, la période sous chronique a donné lieu à trois importants arrêts qui concernent l’ensemble de la matière fiscale, et qui dépassent même le champ du droit fiscal. Outre leur caractère transversal, ces trois arrêts ont ceci de remarquable qu’ils renforcent les obligations qui pèsent sur les autorités des Etats membres en vue d’un respect total du droit de l’Union européenne.
Urbanising cyberspace? (1997)

There are currently over 2000 virtual cities and urban web pages. Is it possible for local virtual cities to work against, rather than simply replicate, the systematic social and spatial bias of the Internet as a whole? To achieve this, the authors argue, is the greatest policy challenge, given the dominance of private, profit‐seeking capital within the telematics industry, and wider trends towards social and spatial polarisation in cities.
ChemInform Abstract: TWO‐PHASE DEHYDROGENATION OF 1,2‐SUBSTITUTED HYDRAZINES TO 1,2‐SUBSTITUTED DIAZENES (AZO COMPOUNDS) (1977)

Abstract 1,2‐Disubstituierte Hydrazine (I) können im Zweiphasensystem Methylenchlorid/Natronlauge in Gegenwart von 2,4,6‐Triphenylphenol oder 2,4,6‐Tris‐(4‐tert.‐butylphenyl)‐phenol durch Kaliumhexacyanoferrat (III) in sehr guten Ausbeuten zu den entsprechenden Azoverbindungen (II) dehydriert werden.
Complement-Fixing Antigens in Burkitt Lymphoma Cell Lines (1971)

The complement-fixing (CF) activity of antigens from cultured Burkitt lymphoma cells was determined by using normal American sera as the source of antibody. Approximately 75% of the sera fixed complement with the positive cell lines. These lines contained the herpes-like virus detectable by electron microscopy. The content of CF antigen depended on the cell line used but appeared to be independent of the number of cells which produced Henle's immunofluorescence (IF) antigen. Only sera that reacted in the IF test also contained CF antibodies to the crude cell extracts.
Influence of four diets on uric acid metabolism and endogenous acid production in healthy Beagles (1996)

Results support use of diet U for management of ammonium urate urolithiasis in dogs.
Rapid Screening of Cervical Smears as a Method of Internal Quality Control (1997)

Rapid rescreening of negative and unsatisfactory cervical smears is recommended as a very effective method of internal quality control. It is superior to 10% random rescreening in reducing the false negative rate. Thirty-second rapid rescreening is the most efficient period for which smears should be screened. Rapid screening of unscreened smears could be used as a means of selecting patients for prompt referral when a laboratory backlog exists.
Intrinsic/Extrinsic Degradation of Ti−V-Based Hydrogen Storage Electrode Alloys upon Cycling (2008)

The capacity degradation mechanism of the Ti−V-based hydrogen storage electrode alloys was systematically investigated from the viewpoint of intrinsic/extrinsic degradation for the first time. The oxidation/corrosion of the active components and the appearance of the irreversible hydrogen were found to be the two dominating intrinsic factors for the cycling capacity degradation of the Ti−V-based electrode alloys, rather than the segregation and dissolution of the main hydrogen absorbing element V, the loss of which had some effect on the degradation of its discharge capacity but not dominating. The extrinsic degradation of the electrode alloys was mainly caused by the pulverization of the alloy particles, the increase of the contact resistance between particles, and the reaction resistance on surfaces during charge/discharge cycling. In the meantime the pulverization of the alloy particles accelerates the oxidation/corrosion of the active components, which further promotes the formation of the oxide layer and decreases the reaction speed. The decay of the apparent discharge capacity of the Ti−V-based electrode alloys is jointly affected by these factors.
US unveils new DNA database (1998)

The US Federal Bureau of Investigation has developed a national DNA index system to enable public forensic laboratories throughout the United States to exchange and compare DNA profiles electronically to link unsolved crimes to each other and to known offenders.

The bureau's director, Louis Freeh, said: “The National DNA index system will be of great value to city, county, state and federal law enforcement agencies as they work together to apprehend violent criminals. There should also be a significant crime …
Effect of elevated pCO<sub>2</sub> on photosynthesis and calcification of corals and interactions with seasonal change in temperature/irradiance and nutrient enrichment (2005)

An investigation was conducted to determine the effects of elevated pCO 2 on the net production and calcification of an assemblage of corals maintained under near‐natural conditions of temperature, light, nutrient, and flow. Experiments were performed in summer and winter to explore possible interactions between seasonal change in temperature and irradiance and the effect of elevated pCO 2 . Particular attention was paid to interactions between net production and calcification because these two processes are thought to compete for the same internal supply of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). A nutrient enrichment experiment was performed because it has been shown to induce a competitive interaction between photosynthesis and calcification that may serve as an analog to the effect of elevated pCO 2 . Net carbon production, NP C , increased with increased pCO 2 at the rate of 3 ± 2% (μmol CO 2 aq kg −1 ) −1 . Seasonal change of the slope NP C ‐[CO 2 aq] relationship was not significant. Calcification ( G ) was strongly related to the aragonite saturation state Ω a . Seasonal change of the G‐Ω a relationship was not significant. The first‐order saturation state model gave a good fit to the pooled summer and winter data: G = (8 ± 1 mmol CaCO 3 m −2 h −1 )(Ω a − 1), r 2 = 0.87, P = 0.0001. Both nutrient and CO 2 enrichment resulted in an increase in NP C and a decrease in G , giving support to the hypothesis that the cellular mechanism underlying the decrease in calcification in response to increased pCO 2 could be competition between photosynthesis and calcification for a limited supply of DIC.
An Examination of the Factors Enabling the Successful Implementation of Evidence-Based Acute Pain Practices into Pediatric Nursing (2007)

Abstract The aim of this article is to examine the factors contributing to the effective implementation of evidence-based acute pain practices in pediatric nursing. The Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS; CitationKitson, Harvey, & McCormack, 1998; CitationRycroft-Malone, 2004) framework is applied as a basis for this examination. Exploration of the roles of context and facilitation in integrating pain management evidence into nursing practice is supplemented by CitationSchein's (1992a,Citationb) model of the levels of organizational culture and discussion of leadership. Implications of the PARIHS framework for nursing theory, research, and practice in pediatric acute pain management are discussed.
Warding off Development: Local Control, Housing Supply, and NIMBYs (2022)

Abstract Local control of land-use regulation creates a not-in-my-backyard (NIMBY) problem that can suppress housing construction, contributing to rising prices and potentially slowing economic growth. I study how increased local control affects housing production by exploiting a common electoral reform—changing from “at-large” to “ward” elections for town council. These reforms, which are not typically motivated by housing markets, shrink each representative’s constituency from the entire town to one ward. Results from a variety of difference-in-differences estimators show that this decentralization decreases housing units permitted by 20%, with similar effects on multi- and single-family permits. Effects are larger in whiter and higher-income towns.
Design Optimization of Blast Resistant CFRP-steel Composite Structure Based on Reliability Analysis (2012)

This study presents the effectiveness of a composite structure at improving blast resistance. The proposed composite structure consists of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and steel layers. While CFRP layer is used for blast energy reflection due to its high strength, steel layer is used for blast energy absorption due to its high ductility. A dynamic model is used to simulate the elastoplastic behavior of the proposed composite structure subject to blast load. Considering the magnitude variations of a blast event, the probability of failure of each layer is evaluated using reliability analysis. By assigning design probability of failure of each layer in the composite structure, the thickness of layers is optimized. A case study for the design of CFRP-steel composite structure subjected to an uncertain blast event is also presented.