gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Arcillite: Effect on Chemical and Physical Properties of Pine Bark Substrate and Plant Growth (1992)

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effect of arcillite, a calcined montmorillonite and illite clay, on the physical and chemical properties of a pine bark growth substrate and plant growth. To accomplish this, Cotoneaster dammeri ‘Skogholm’ and Rhododendron sp. ‘Sunglow’ were potted into pine bark substrate amended with 0, 27, 54, 67 or 81 kg/m 3 (0, 45, 90, 112 or 136 lbs/yd 3 ) arcillite. Plants were irrigated every l, 2, or 4 days. Container capacity, available water, and bulk density increased with increasing arcillite rate. Air space decreased with increasing arcillite rate. Total porosity and unavailable water were not affected by arcillite. Substrate NH 4 , NO 3 , P, K, Ca, and Mg concentrations increased with decreasing irrigation frequency. Substrate NH 4 , P, and K concentrations increased with increasing arcillite rate suggesting that arcillite improved retention within the container substrate. Azalea ‘Sunglow’ shoot dry weight decreased linearly with decreasing irrigation frequency and increased curvilinearly with increasing arcillite with maximum dry weight occurring at 67 kg/m 3 (l12 lbs/yd 2 ). Cotoneaster ‘Skogholm’ shoot dry weight increased linearly with increasing arcillite rate at 2 and 4 day irrigations and curvilinearly at 1 day irrigation with maximum weight at 67 kg/m 3 (112 lbs/yd 2 ).
Fullerenes in Photoconductive Polymers. Charge Generation and Charge Transport (1997)

Fullerenes enhance the photoconductivity of photoconductive polymers. This paper studies the mechansim of enhancement both experimentally and theoretically. The effects of fullerene doping on the spectroscopic, charge generation, and charge transport properties of the polymer are reported. Electrical field effects and magnetic field effects are examined. On the basis of these data a charge generation mechansim involving a singlet of weak charge-transfer complex is proposed for fullerene-doped N-poly(vinylcarbazole). A new theoretical model combining both the Onsager and Marcus theory is developed to quantitatively account for the field-dependent charge generation efficiency in nonpolar medium.
英国联合信息系统委员会2010—2012年战略规划（草案） (2010)

1外界环境 自JISC的上一份发展战略实施以来，教育环境已经发生了重大变化。技术上的巨大发展、特别是网络技术的发展非常迅速，近期英国及世界经济出现越来越多的危机和严重的滑坡，这些变化使得JISC在考虑如何为其团体提高自身附加值具有极其重要的意义。
Beizen und Entrosten (1995)

Beizprozesse sind in der metallverarbeitenden Industrie heute weit verbreitet. Beizverfahren werden nicht nur als Vorbehandlungverfahren sondern intensiv auch als Formgebungsverfahren angewendet. Im folgenden Abschnitt wird Beizen als Vorbehandlungsprozeß bei der Verarbeitung von Metallen und Kunststoffen nicht jedoch als Formgebungsverfahren behandelt.
Dynamical theory of X-ray diffraction (2006)

This chapter presents the dynamical theory of the diffraction of X-rays by perfect crystals. The most important part is devoted to the case of plane waves (Section 5.1.2). The solutions of the propagation equation of plane waves in crystals are given in Section 5.1.3 using the concept of wavefields introduced by Ewald for X-rays in 1913 and by Bloch for electrons in 1928 (known in solid-state physics as Bloch waves). They are applied to the interpretation of the main properties of dynamical diffraction: anomalous transmission, standing waves andÂ PendellÃ¶sung. The expressions for the diffracted intensity are given in both the transmission (Section 5.1.6) and the reflection (Section 5.1.7) cases. The last part (Section 5.1.8) concerns the diffraction of real and spherical waves, which is described in a qualitative way.
Health traits data for dairy cattle in Norway - an overview and new opportunities (1997)

Health traits have been systematically recorded on dairy cattle in Norway over the past 20 years. The health card system, where all veterinary treatments are recorded on an individual animal basis, is central to its success. Health traits currently recorded in Norway are described here, in addition to other traits such as somatic cell counts, milking speed, leakage, conformation and culling reason that are of interest due to their relationship to health traits. The Norwegian recording system is briefly described and reasons for its success are discussed. Data from the Norwegian cattle recording service has now been organised into a research data base with phenotypic information on an individual cow basis from 1978, and will be of great value for genetic studies of dairy cattle health. ________________________________________________________________________________
Supporting VCR Operation in a Mesh-Based P2P VoD System (2008)

Supporting user interactivity such as VCR operations is desirable however it introduces extra complexity and overhead into the VoD system. VCR operations such as random seek, rewind, and fast forward change the location of viewing point, the video playback direction, and the video playback speed. In traditional client-server service model, the streaming server adjusts the streaming schedule on the fly and allocates extra server bandwidth to accomodate these interactive operations. In P2P VoD system, an overlay is established among server and users/peers. Peers pull the video content from the server and neighboring peers. The change of viewing location, direction, and speed not only affects the server but also other peers. The neighboring peers may not have the data at the new playback point, or sufficient uplink capacity to support faster playback rate. The available data at the requesting peer is changed due to VCR operations, which may affect neighboring peers' data downloading. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of supporting VCR operations in PONDER, a mesh-based P2P VoD system. PONDER employs a dual approach that incorporates the mesh-based p2p downloading into the unicast-based VoD. To accommodate VCR operations, PONDER dynamically adjusts the downloading priority based on the interactivity requirements. The measurement-based admission control admits as many users as possible yet achieves good performance level in face of users' interactivities. Initial results show that PONDER can support VCR operations without degrading users' viewing quality.
Schema Versioning in Multi-temporal XML Databases (2008)

Schema evolution keeps only the current data and the schema version after applying schema changes. On the contrary, schema versioning creates new schema versions and preserves old schema versions and their corresponding data. Much research work has recently focused on the problem of schema evolution in XML databases, but less attention has been devoted to schema versioning in such databases. In this paper, we present an approach for schema versioning in multitemporal XML databases. This approach is based on the XML Schema language for describing XML schema, and is database consistency-preserving.
Acute SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with an increased abundance of bacterial pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the nose (2021)

Research conducted on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogenesis and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) generally focuses on the systemic host response, especially that generated by severely ill patients, with few studies investigating the impact of acute SARS-CoV-2 at the site of infection. We show that the nasal microbiome of SARS-CoV-2-positive patients (CoV<sup>+</sup>, n = 68) at the time of diagnosis is unique when compared to CoV<sup>-</sup> healthcare workers (n = 45) and CoV<sup>-</sup> outpatients (n = 21). This shift is marked by an increased abundance of bacterial pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is also positively associated with viral RNA load. Additionally, we observe a robust host transcriptional response in the nasal epithelia of CoV<sup>+</sup> patients, indicative of an antiviral innate immune response and neuronal damage. These data suggest that the inflammatory response caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with an increased abundance of bacterial pathogens in the nasal cavity that could contribute to increased incidence of secondary bacterial infections.
The Adsorption and Reactions of Enzymes and Proteins on Kaolinite. I (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Adsorption and Reactions of Enzymes and Proteins on Kaolinite. IA. Douglas McLarenCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1954, 58, 2, 129–137Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150512a008https://doi.org/10.1021/j150512a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views195Altmetric-Citations107LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Reaction of terephthalic acid with formaldehyde in sulfur trioxide media (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of terephthalic acid with formaldehyde in sulfur trioxide mediaLeRoy S. ForneyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 5, 1695–1696Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00830a105https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00830a105research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views324Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
3D -- A New Architecture for Solid-state Radiation Detectors (1996)

A proposed new architecture for solid-state radiation detectors using a three-dimensional array of electrodes that penetrate into the detector bulk is described. Proposed fabrication steps are listed. Collection distances and calculated collection times are about one order of magnitude less than those of planar technology strip and pixel detectors with electrodes confined to the detector surface, and depletion voltages are about two orders of magnitude lower. Maximum substrate thickness, often an important consideration for x-ray and gamma-ray detection, is constrained by the electrode length rather than by material purity or depletion-depth limitations due to voltage breakdown. Maximum drift distance should no longer be a significant limitation for GaAs detectors fabricated with this technology, and collection times could be much less than one ns. The ability of silicon detectors to operate in the presence of the severe bulk radiation damage expected at high-intensity colliders should also be greatly increased.
Resource Modeling in Workflow Applications (1999)

. Collaborative applications such as workflow management systems separate between a process model and an organizational model. While the process modeling capabilities of current workflow management systems are at a high level, the organizational meta models provided by these systems are very often at a very elementary level. Moreover, most systems fail to provide means to integrate non-human actors in workflow applications such as intelligent agents or technical resources, such as PPC systems or CNC machines. We provide a generic framework for the representation of resources that can be addressed by a workflow activity. In addition to a generic meta model we discuss dynamic issues that occur during the assignment process. A proposal for the realization of feedback evolution in order to enable organizational learning and security considerations conclude this paper. Resource Modeling in Workflow Applications Abstract. Collaborative applications such as workflow management sy...
Protease Activity in Pancreatic Islet Isolation by Enzymatic Digestion (1989)

Commercial Collagenase* prepared from Clostridium histolyticum is widely used in isolation of pancreatic islets. It is known that the enzyme is very impure and that there are substantial variations in effectiveness between batches. Our studies suggest that one of the impurities of importance in islet isolation is a protease that has not been very well characterized. Comparison of two batches of enzyme, one of which was known to give good yields of islets and the other poor yields, showed that they had very similar activity against collagen (measured by digestion of insoluble collagen followed by assay of soluble products with ninhydrin) but substantially different activities against azocasein as measured by optical density increase (measured by release of dye). Eighteen batches of Collagenase were examined for efficiency in islet isolation, and the yields obtained correlated with manufacturer's data of activity against casein. The data show that low caseinase activity is associated with performance in islet isolation (r = .5 after adjusting for collagenase activity). The effect of supplementing a batch of collagenase, known to be poor in isolating islets, with proteolytic enzymes was investigated. Trypsin and papain had apparently no effect, but dispase significantly increased yield. Dispase alone failed to digest pancreas. Size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography identified a peak associated with high protease activity and efficiency in islet isolation, having an Mr of approximately 30,000, compared to 78,000 for collagenase. The protease, like collagenase, is inhibited by EDTA. Increased Ca2+ and Mg2+ (up to 10 mM) did not affect activity. Both the protease and collagenase are stable under normal use but are inactivated by heating at 56 degrees C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Regulation of Interparticle Forces Reveals Controlled Aggregation in Charged Nanoparticles (2016)

The ability to control interparticle forces not only improves the existing nanoparticle (NP) functionalities but paves the way for newer properties as well. A proof of concept in this direction is presented here, wherein the regulation of interparticle forces—revealing controlled aggregation—has been successfully translated into the trapping and scavenging of toxic ions. A perfect balance between the attractive and repulsive forces is achieved by tuning the [+] and [−] ligands on the surface of heterogeneously charged metal NPs. The NP–ion aggregates are stable for ∼2 days, with a visible color change (Δλmax = 12–15 nm), which makes them available for scavenging from the site of action. The incorporation of “potent” forces like repulsions, rather than a mere dilution of attractive forces, is necessary to ensure the formation of controlled aggregates. The net surface charge of NPs is conveniently modified to trap ions irrespective of their charge and binding strength. More importantly, the regulation of interparticle forces imparts a new function of selectivity toward trapping of toxic ions in a carboxylate functionalized NP system. Thus, the present work introduces a conceptually unprecedented approach to impart long-term stability (∼2 days) to NP–ion aggregates by controlling the interparticle forces.
Stem cells of the oesophageal epithelium (2002)

Cancers arising in the oesophageal epithelium are among the most common fatal tumors in the world. Despite this, comparatively little is known about the cell biology and organization of this tissue. Recently, in vitro and in vivo techniques developed over the past 30 years for the study of the epidermis have been applied to the study of the oesophageal epithelium. This approach, combined with data from previous histochemical studies, has lead to the identification and isolation of putative oesophageal epithelial stem cells. Oesophageal epithelial stem cells demonstrate several unusual properties, and their identification may facilitate studies on oesophageal carcinogenesis.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms increase risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a Chinese population. (2001)

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) plays a central role in folate metabolism that affects DNA methylation and synthesis. Because germ-line mutations at nucleotides 677 (C-->T) and 1298 (A-->C) in the MTHFR gene cause diminished enzyme activity, and aberrant DNA methylation is oncogenic, we examined the relationship between these two MTHFR polymorphisms and susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in 240 ESCC cases and 360 age- and sex-matched controls in northern CHINA: We found that the allele frequency of MTHFR 677T was significantly higher among cases than among controls (63% versus 41%, P < 0.001). Subjects with the 677TT genotype had a more than 6-fold increased risk of developing ESCC [adjusted odds ratio (OR), 6.18; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.32-11.51] compared with those who had the 677CC genotype. Furthermore, the elevated ESCC risk associated with the 677 polymorphism was in an allele-dose relationship (trend test, P = 0.0001) with ORs of 1.00, 3.14 (95% CI, 1.94-5.08), and 6.18 (95% CI, 3.32-11.51) for the CC, CT, and TT genotype, respectively, after adjustment for age, sex, smoking status, and the MTHFR 1298 polymorphism. The allele frequency for the MTHFR 1298C was 14% among cases and 17% among controls. The 1298CC genotype was extremely rare in both controls (1.4%) and cases (2.9%) and was also associated with an elevated risk of ESCC (adjusted OR, 4.43; 95% CI, 1.23-16.02) compared with the 1298AA genotype, whereas the 1298AC genotype had no effect on the risk of ESCC. Thus, our findings support the hypothesis that genetic polymorphisms in the MTHFR gene may contribute to susceptibility to carcinogenesis of the esophagus in the at-risk Chinese population.
Vehicle scheduling for suburban public transport (2013)

This paper studies the Vehicle Scheduling Problem (VSP) in the context of suburban passenger transportation. The problem consists in finding a set of sequences of trips which have to be assigned to the available fleet of buses. The complexity of this problem depends on the number of depots where the fleet is housed. The paper focuses on the resolution of Multiple Depot VSP (MDVSP) which has NP-Hard Complexity. A column generation heuristic is proposed to solve the problem, and two heuristic algorithms are used to provide a set of initial columns, one of them is based on the auction algorithm for Single Depot VSP (SDVSP). The algorithms where tested with a small instance and real world one, obtaining solutions which are either optimal or have lower cost and use less buses than the best known solution for a related and more complex problem.
Biochemical characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis cytolytic toxins in association with a phospholipid bilayer (1999)

The interaction of two Bacillus thuringiensis cytolytic toxins, CytA and CytB, with a phospholipid bilayer and their structure in the membrane-bound state were investigated by proteolysis using phospholipid vesicles as a model system. A toxin conformational change upon membrane binding was detected by comparing the proteolytic profile of membrane-bound toxin and saline-solubilized toxin. When membrane-bound toxin was exposed to protease K or trypsin, novel cleavage sites were found between the alpha-helical N-terminal half and beta-strand C-terminal half of the structure at K154 and N155 in CytA and at I150 and G141 in CytB. N-terminal sequencing of membrane-protected fragments showed that the C-terminal half of the toxin structure comprising mainly beta-strands was inserted into the membrane, whereas the N-terminal half comprising mainly alpha-helices was exposed on the outside of the liposomes and could be removed when liposomes with bound toxin were washed extensively after proteolysis. The C-termini of the membrane-inserted proteolytic fragments were also located by a combination of N-terminal sequencing and measurement of the molecular masses of the fragments by electrospray MS. Using a liposome glucose-release assay, the membrane-inserted structure was seen to retain its function as a membrane pore even after removal of exposed N-terminal segments by proteolysis. These data strongly suggest that the pores for glucose release are assembled from the three major beta-strands (beta-5, beta-6 and beta-7) in the C-terminal half of the toxin.
Supported CuBr on graphene oxide/Fe3O4: a highly efficient, magnetically separable catalyst for the multi-gram scale synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles (2014)

A superparamagnetic graphene oxide (GO)/Fe3O4–CuBr catalyst was prepared via a simple chemical method and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The GO/Fe3O4–CuBr catalyst could be dispersed homogeneously in water and further used as an excellent semi-heterogeneous catalyst for the one-pot multi-component Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. 1,4-Disubstituted mono/bis-1,2,3-triazoles are readily obtained on a multi-gram scale by the reaction of aryl/alkyl halides, alkynes and sodium azide under microwave irradiation conditions in good to excellent yields. Moreover, GO/Fe3O4–CuBr could be separated conveniently from the reaction mixtures by an external permanent magnet and reused in at least six consecutive runs without a noticeable drop in the product yield and its catalytic activity.
A porphyrin photosensitized metal–organic framework for cancer cell apoptosis and caspase responsive theranostics (2015)

A photosensitized and caspase-responsive multifunctional nanoprobe was designed by assembling a porphyrin, a folate targeting-motif and a dye-labelled peptide in a metal-organic framework (MOF) cage, which significantly increases the singlet oxygen quantum yield of porphyrin by 6.2 times, and achieves high efficient cancer therapy and in situ therapeutic monitoring with caspase-3 activation. The integration of theranostic functions in a single nanocarrier holds great promise in precision cancer diagnosis and treatment.