gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct Shoot Regeneration from Vaccinium pahalae (Ohelo) and V. myrtillus (Bilberry) Leaf Explants (1996)

Ohelo ( V. pahalae Skottsb.) and bilberry ( V. myrtillus L.) shoots were regenerated via direct organogenesis from whole leaves and leaf sections and also from hypocotyl explants of bilberry. Explants preincubated for 1 to 2 weeks in darkness yielded ≈75% regeneration frequencies and the highest number of regenerating shoots/explant on TDZ-supplemented media (0.9 to 2.7 μ m ). When 2iP or zeatin were substituted as the cytokinin source, frequencies of regeneration and shoot productivity were significantly lower. Explants held under constant illumination (no dark pretreatment) had significantly lower regeneration frequencies in all tested cytokinin-supplemented media. 2,4-D stimulated callus formation, but did not support regeneration from vegetative explants. Cells from callus and suspension cultures did not exhibit regeneration in any of the media that supported organogenesis from leaves. Regenerants were successfully micropropagated, although callus formation caused by zeatin and high 2iP levels interfered with shoot proliferation. Zeatin induced hyperhydricity in shoots from both species, but more severely in ohelo. Ex vitro rooting after treatment with 4.9 μ m IBA or 5.4 μ m NAA was 95% and 60% successful for bilberry and ohelo, respectively, and plants were readily acclimatized after an interval in a fog chamber. Bilberry microshoots also rooted in vitro in the absence of growth regulator treatment. Chemical names used: 1 H -indole-3-butanoic acid (IBA); N -(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1- H -purine-6-amine (2iP); 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin); 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); thidiazuron=1-phenyl-3-(1,2,3-thiadiazio-5-yl)urea (TDZ); 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D); 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enylamino) purine (zeatin).
Rapid Screening for Benzimidazole Residues in Bovine Liver (1998)

Rapid enzyme immunoassays for benzimidazole anthelmintic and/or fungicide residues were developed using monoclonal antibodies that specifically bind methyl benzimidazolecarbamates (MBCs, including albendazole, fenbendazole, and oxfendazole) and thiazole-containing compounds (thiabendazole, its 5-hydroxy metabolite, and cambendazole). Bovine liver samples were extracted by homogenization in water. Extracts were clarified by centrifugation, and dilutions of the supernatants were analyzed using both a commercialized immunoassay (EnviroGard thiabendazole kit, Strategic Diagnostics, Inc., Newark, DE) and an MBC-specific assay described previously. Two sets of 40 blank, fortified, or incurred samples were analyzed for the thiazole benzimidazoles, and an additional set of 31 samples was analyzed for methyl benzimidazolecarbamates only. Using the thiabendazole kit, all samples were analyzed correctly by ELISA, including all 34 samples containing fortified or incurred residues (60−120 ppb) of thiabendazole or related compounds. Using the method for MBCs, all unknowns were correctly scored. The simple water extraction and rapid ELISAs appear to function well for regulatory screening of bovine liver for residues of fenbendazole, oxfendazole, and thiazole-containing benzimidazoles. Although the marker residue for albendazole is not detected by these procedures, residues can be estimated from the analysis of albendazole sulfoxide and sulfone. Keywords: ELISA; drug residues; monoclonal antibody; thiabendazole; fenbendazole
A synchrotron radiation x-ray lithography beam line of novel design (1985)

The new synchrotron radiation x-ray lithography facility of the University of Wisconsin is presented and discussed in detail. The facility will make use of the electron storage ring Aladdin, at the Univeristy of Wisconsin Synchrotron Radiation Center. The optical design of the beam line allows large field exposures (5×5 cm2) and a tunable bandpass spectral distribution in the range 300–5000 eV. This is achieved by a suitable combination of mirrors for the low-pass part of the filter and of absorption materials for the high-pass filters. Radiation intensity is such to allow exposures of the order of 10 s for PMMA with the beam line operated at the widest setting. The expected power and spectral distribution uniformity at the wafer is better than 2%.
Application of Measurements of Transepithelial Electrical Resistance of Intestinal Epithelial Cell Monolayers To Evaluate Probiotic Activity (2005)

Among five potentially probiotic lactobacilli investigated, Lactobacillus plantarum MF1298 and Lactobacillus salivarius DC5 showed the highest increase in the transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) of polarized monolayers of Caco-2 cells, and this increase was shown to be dose dependent. Furthermore, preincubation with MF1298 attenuated a decrease in TER induced by Listeria monocytogenes.
Blue Phase LC/Polymer Fresnel Lens Fabricated by Holographics (2013)

A novel fabrication method using holographic exposure for switchable blue phase (BP) liquid crystal (LC)/polymer Fresnel lens was demonstrated. The Fresnel pattern can be achieved by interfering a planar and a spherical wave fronts with a 532-nm laser. The BPLC/polymer Fresnel lens can thus be fabricated without photo mask and controlled with a simpler driving compared with the conventional LC Fresnel lens.
Postmitotic expression of ankyrinR and beta R-spectrin in discrete neuronal populations of the rat brain (1993)

Isoforms of ankyrin (ankyrinR) are expressed in both the erythrocyte and the brain. Four cDNAs representing regulatory domains of ankyrinR expressed in the rat spleen and brain were cloned and sequenced. These different cDNAs were found to result from tissue-specific alternative mRNA processing of the ankyrinR regulatory domain. One of the isolated cDNAs was used to develop an antibody to brain isoforms of ankyrinR, and this antibody was used to study the localization of ankyrinR in the rat brain. The protein was found to be widely expressed in neurons of the metencephalon but limited to a discrete subset of neurons in the rat forebrain. In the thalamus and areas of the basal ganglia, these neurons were grouped in defined nuclei, whereas in the cortex, hippocampus, and caudate putamen they appeared as isolated cells distributed randomly throughout these structures. A similar study using an antibody raised against erythrocyte spectrin (beta R) showed a comparable localization to that of ankyrinR. Both proteins were expressed late in the developing rat brain, as part of the maturation stage of neural development. These data suggest a specific role for these erythrocyte structural proteins in the postmitotic development of a subset of neurons in the rat brain.
A fast algorithm for plotting and contour filling radiation patterns in three dimensions (1992)

An algorithm is presented for plotting antenna and scattering patterns in three dimensions. The algorithm exploits the property of single-valued surfaces to allow the implicit removal of hidden lines with virtually no extra computation. This reduces the processing time significantly over that required by more general plotting methods. The algorithm is based on finding a systematic sequence to draw the plot from back to front as a collection of quadrilaterals. Each quadrilateral can be broken into two triangles, which allows a simple contour filling scheme to be incorporated into the algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chip-level soft error estimation method (2005)

This paper gives a review of considerations necessary for the prediction of soft error rates (SERs) for microprocessor designs. It summarizes the physics and silicon process dependencies of soft error mechanisms and describes the determination of SERs for basic circuit types. It reviews the impact of logical and architectural filtering on SER calculations and focuses on the structural filtering of soft radiation events by nodal timing mechanisms.
An efficient program to construct restriction maps from experimental data with realistic error levels (1984)

A novel algorithm has been developed to map restriction fragments, starting from experimental size values with realistic error rates. A high performing PASCAL program has been derived from this algorithm to construct linear maps in minimal computation times.
On the Protective Activity of Drugs to Blood Vessel Destructive Factors (1960)

Mamushi venom, lysolecithin, and three kinds of stressors were used as fragility factor for vascular wall. Protective effect of various pharmaceutics against vascular fragility factor was judged by area of hemorrhagic spot, the area of dye infiltration, and the presence or absence of hemorrhage in the stomach wall. Acute toxicity (LD50) of the crude Mamushi venom used was 33mg./kg. by subcutaneous and 21mg./kg. by intravenous injection in mice. Effect of pharmaceutics against subcutaneous hemorrhage in mice by Mamushi venom was judged by the size of hemorrhagic spot after subcutaneous injection of 1 γ of venom per mouse, the effect being positive when the spot was larger than 5mm. in diameter and negative when smaller. As a result, relative potency of various pharmaceutics, with AC-17 as 1, was 0.47 for ACS, 0.77 for vitamin C, 0.59 for hesperidin, and 0.66 for rutin. Inhibitory effect of various pharmaceutics against accelerated vascular infiltration of lysolecithin was also examined, using Mamushi venom similarly. The relative potency of the pharma ceutics, with AC-17 as 1 was 0.68 for ACS. 0.79 for rutin, and 0.99 for hesperidin. In experimental peptic ulcer test, hemorrhage of stomach wall was inhibited by vascular strengthening pharmaceutics possessing hemostatic action.
Automating Functional Tests Using Selenium (2006)

Ever in search of a silver bullet for automated functional testing for Web applications, many folks have turned to Selenium. Selenium is an open-source project for in-browser testing, originally developed by ThoughtWorks and now boasting an active community of developers and users. One of Selenium's stated goals is to become the de facto open-source replacement for proprietary tools such as WinRunner. Of particular interest to the agile community is that it offers the possibility of test-first design of Web applications, red-green signals for customer acceptance tests, and an automated regression test bed for the Web tier. This experience report describes the standard environment for testing with Selenium, as well as modifications we performed to incorporate our script pages into a wiki. It includes lessons we learned about continuous integration, script writing, and using the Selenium Recorder (renamed IDE). We also discuss how long it took to write and maintain the scripts in the iterative development environment, how close we came to covering all of the functional requirements with tests, how often the tests should be (and were) run, and whether additional automated functional testing below the GUI layer was still necessary and/or appropriate. While no silver bullet, Selenium has become a valuable addition to our agile testing toolkit, and is used on the majority of our Web application projects. It promises to become even more valuable as it gains widespread adoption and continues to be actively developed.
Whole visible range imaging ellipsometry (2007)

The ellipsometric image contrast for patterned film in whole visible range is simulated and analyzed in this article. By the Fresnel equation and the Jones Matrix, the characteristic wavelength selection method to enhance the image contrast is built. The ellipsometric reflected intensity of specific thin film is nulled into dark by rotating the phase angle of compensator and the azimuth angle of polarizer in whole visible range, which results in higher contrast between non-null and null images after the proper wavelength selection. The approach enables the image defect recognition of patterned film more obvious than recent single wavelength imaging ellipsometry and white light reflective image.
Assessment of characterisation techniques for evaluating surface treatments for adhesive bonding. (2003)

This report presents the results of an experimental study carried out to assess techniques for evaluating surface treatments of metallic and polymeric composite materials for adhesive bonding. The techniques assessed include: contact and non-contact profilometry (surface roughness), contact angle (wettability), micro-hardness, gloss/reflectivity, colorimetry, ellipsometry and surface resistivity. Optically stimulated electron emission (OSEE) is also examined. The techniques are assessed in terms of: ability to differentiate between treatments and level of treatment, suitability for laboratory trials or on-line inspection, ease of use, equipment costs, material compatibility and measurement uncertainty. Trials were conducted on grit-blasted, chromic acid etched and anodised aluminium alloys, oil lubricated hot-dipped galvanised steel, and corona discharge treated glass fibre-reinforced polypropylene. The report also includes mechanical test data obtained at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) and extracted from published literature.
The results from the study show that most of the techniques studied were useful in determining changes in surface properties for different levels of treatment. Contact angle and colorimetry techniques proved the most suitable for relating surface changes to the level of treatment and could potentially be used to improve or optimise adhesive strength and environmental durability.
Three-Step Synthesis of Triazolobenzodiazepinones via Sonogashira/Huisgen Protocol (2013)

The sequential Sonogashira coupling/intramolecular azide cycloaddition (Huisgen cycloaddition) protocol was performed onto N-(2-iodophenyl)-2-azidoacetamide as the acyclic precursor giving tricyclic 1,2,3-triazolo- [5,1-d][1,4]benzodiazepin-2-ones.These target products were thus obtained through a three-step synthesis in variable yields depending upon the substituent placed onto the acetylenic counterpart.The influence of catalyst concentration, reaction temperature and reaction medium upon cycloadduct yields were also studied.Due to their known anxiolytic, 1 anticonvulsant 2 and antidepressant 3 properties, triazolobenzodiazepines represent a valuable tool in organic synthesis 4 as well as in the field of drug discovery. 5Intramolecular azide cycloadditions onto the triple carbon-carbon bond constitute the key step to annulated 1,2,3-triazoles. 6Such chemistry allows the synthesis of relatively complex structures but does require the design and preparation of elaborate reactants containing both the azide moiety and the dipolarophilic counterpart.An easier and more useful access to this chemistry may be achieved by joining the effectiveness of palladium-catalysed coupling to the flexibility of intramolecular azide cycloaddition.The present paper is devoted to the latter combined strategy which is exploited in the three-step synthesis of 1,2,3-triazolo [5,1-d][1,4]benzodiazepine-2-ones 7 through the sequential Sonogashira/Huisgen protocol.As the first step, acylation of 2-iodoaniline with bromoacetyl bromide gave N-(2-iodophenyl)-2-bromoacetamide (1) (Scheme 1).Subsequent treatment with sodium azide in aqueous acetone afforded N-(2-iodophenyl)-2-azidoacetamide (2) in 86% overall yield.
Differential modulation of AMPA receptor mediated currents by Evans Blue in postnatal rat hippocampal neurones (1997)

1. The modulation of non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated whole cell currents and of glutamatergic synaptic transmission by purified Evans Blue (EB) was investigated in rat cultured postnatal hippocampal neurones by use of patch clamp recordings and a fast drug application system. 2. Three different groups of neurones could be distinguished with respect to the type of modulation obtained with 10 microM EB: EB was either a predominant inhibitor of desensitization (13% of the neurones), a predominant inhibitor of current amplitudes (42%) or a mixed inhibitor of both properties (45%). Both effects were not use-dependent and reached maximal levels after 30 s of pre-equilibration with the diazo dye. 3. Dose-response curves obtained from glutamate activated whole cell currents yielded an IC50 value for EB of 13.3 microM (Hill coefficient: 1.3) for the inhibition of desensitization, and an IC50 value of 10.7 microM (Hill coefficient: 1.2) for the inhibition of current amplitudes. 4. Chicago acid SS (100 microM) which is one of the synthesis precursors of EB had no effect on current amplitudes of glutamate activated whole cell currents but was a weak inhibitor of desensitization in all hippocampal neurones investigated, irrespective of the type of modulation obtained with EB in the same neurone. 5. Oxidatively modified EB (the so-called VIMP (10 microM)) had no effect on the kinetics but was a partial inhibitor of glutamate-activated whole cell currents in all hippocampal neurones investigated. 6. EB (10 microM) inhibited the amplitudes of non-NMDA receptor mediated autaptic currents to the same extent (to 39 +/- 19% of control) as observed for glutamate activated whole cell currents (to 41 +/- 17% and 56 +/- 20%). However, the decay of the autaptic responses remained uninfluenced upon EB application, indicating that either receptor desensitization does not dominate the time course of the synaptic response or that the non-NMDA receptors sensitive to modulation of desensitization by EB are not present in the postsynaptic membrane. 7. In conclusion, EB differentially modulates alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl -4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptor gating in different subsets of neurones. Upon identification of the cellular determinants for the differential modulation (e.g. AMPA receptor subunit composition) EB could become a useful tool to investigate receptor subtypes during electrophysiological recordings.
Theory of quantum radiation observed as sonoluminescence (1996)

Sonoluminescence is explained in terms of quantum radiation by moving interfaces between media of different polarizability. In a stationary dielectric the zero-point fluctuations of the electromagnetic field excite virtual two-photon states, which become real under perturbation due to motion of the dielectric. The sonoluminescent bubble is modeled as an optically empty cavity in a homogeneous dielectric. The problem of the photon emission by a cavity of time-dependent radius is handled in a Hamiltonian formalism, which is dealt with perturbatively up to first order in the velocity of the bubble surface over the speed of light. A parameter dependence of the zeroth-order Hamiltonian in addition to the first-order perturbation calls for a novel perturbative method combining standard perturbation theory with an adiabatic approximation. In this way the transition amplitude from the vacuum into a two-photon state is obtained, and expressions for the single-photon spectrum and the total energy radiated during one flash are given both in full and in the short-wavelength approximation when the bubble is larger than the wavelengths of the emitted light. A model profile is assumed for the time dependence of the bubble during the collapse, and in this model the radiated energy and the spectrum are calculated numerically and in the short-wavelength limit also analytically. It is shown analytically that the spectral density has the same frequency dependence as blackbody radiation; this is purely an effect of correlated quantum fluctuations at zero temperature. The present theory clarifies a number of hitherto unsolved problems and suggests explanations for several more. Possible experiments that discriminate this from other theories of sonoluminescence are proposed. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Comparative evaluation of three different commercial blood culture media for recovery of anaerobic organisms (1977)

A comparison of three different commercial media was made to assess their recovery of anaerobic organisms from the blood stream. The three media used were the 50-ml brain heart infusion broth with added CO2 (Pfizer), the 50-ml Thiol broth with added CO2 (Difco), and the 50-ml prereduced, supplemented peptone broth in a Vacutainer tube with added CO2 (Becton-Dickinson). During a period of 17 consecutive months, 12,216 specimens of blood were processed with each broth. Aerobic or anaerobic bacteria were recovered from 913 specimens (7%). Seventy-four specimens (8%) of the total positive cultures contained anaerobic organisms. When potential contaminants were removed from the totals, 7% of the positive cultures contained anaerobic organisms and 7% of the patients with positive cultures had bacteremia with anaerobic bacteria. Of the three commercial blood culture media studied, the prereduced, supplemented peptone broth recovered more anaerobic organisms than did either the brain heart infusion or Thiol broths.
Bispectrum-based feature extraction technique for devising a practical brain–computer interface (2011)

The extraction of distinctly separable features from electroencephalogram (EEG) is one of the main challenges in designing a brain-computer interface (BCI). Existing feature extraction techniques for a BCI are mostly developed based on traditional signal processing techniques assuming that the signal is Gaussian and has linear characteristics. But the motor imagery (MI)-related EEG signals are highly non-Gaussian, non-stationary and have nonlinear dynamic characteristics. This paper proposes an advanced, robust but simple feature extraction technique for a MI-related BCI. The technique uses one of the higher order statistics methods, the bispectrum, and extracts the features of nonlinear interactions over several frequency components in MI-related EEG signals. Along with a linear discriminant analysis classifier, the proposed technique has been used to design an MI-based BCI. Three performance measures, classification accuracy, mutual information and Cohen's kappa have been evaluated and compared with a BCI using a contemporary power spectral density-based feature extraction technique. It is observed that the proposed technique extracts nearly recording-session-independent distinct features resulting in significantly much higher and consistent MI task detection accuracy and Cohen's kappa. It is therefore concluded that the bispectrum-based feature extraction is a promising technique for detecting different brain states.
Involvement of Oxidative Stress in the Relapse of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2010)

The aims of the present study were to determine the level of oxidative stress and the salient factors leading to the relapse of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Oxidative stress-related parameters and the expressions of specific genes were monitored in 102 cases of AML during a pretreatment period from a primary status to a relapse status. In addition, age-matched healthy subjects were classified as controls. The activities of adenosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase were higher in the relapse condition, whereas those of glutathione peroxidase, monoamine oxidase, and superoxide dismutase, and the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were lower in the primary condition and in controls. Of particular note, levels of advanced oxidation protein products, malondialdehyde, and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine were also significantly higher in relapse patients. Furthermore, real-time PCR with SYBR Green revealed that the expression levels of human thioredoxin (TRX) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase were increased in relapse patients. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the T-AOC was positively correlated with GSH but negatively correlated with 8-OHdG, TRX, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Linear regression showed that a low T-AOC and up-regulated TRX expression were the independent factors correlated with relapse. A strong association between oxidative stress and the incidence of disease relapse was observed, which has potential prognosis implications. These results indicate that oxidative stress is a crucial feature of AML and probably affects the development and relapse of AML.