gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Spatial Synchronization of Encephalograms in Left- and Right-Handed Subjects in Resting State and During Cognitive Testing: a Graph-Theory Analysis (2014)

center for Applied Optimization, 401 Weil hall, p.O. box 116595, Gainesville, Fl 32611-6595, USAhand preference is one of the most striking manifestations of functional brain asymmetry. however, the nature of the phenomenon, as well as its interaction with other brain functions has not been fully understood. therefore, the study of brain peculiarities of left- and right-handed subjects by neuronal network analysis is of particular interest.The aim of the investigation was to analyze brain network structures according to electroencephalography findings in left- and right-handed subjects in resting state and during cognitive testing (memorizing) using a graph theory.Materials and Methods. 44 volunteers (20 left-handed, 24 right-handed) took part in the experiment. We used three techniques to calculate the degree of spatial synchronization of EEG-signals: coherence, an imaginary part of coherence, and synchronization likelihood. On basis of the obtained graphs we built minimum spanning trees (MSt) and calculated some of their characteristics.Results. left-handers compared to right-handers were found to have more linear MSt in theta band (coherence-based MSt). Memorizing was characterized by the increase of MSt regularity structure in alpha band for all three signal measures (coherence, an imaginary part of coherence, and synchronization likelihood). And only right-handers showed the increase in regularity for MSt built on the basis of synchronization likelihood and imaginary part of coherence. regularity increase in alpha band for coherence-based MSt was not associated with handedness. thus, MSt based on synchronization likelihood and an imaginary part of coherence are more sensitive to differences between left- and right-handers during memorizing.Key words: brain functional relationship; neuronal network; graph theory; minimum spanning tree; hand preference; electroencephalography.For contacts: lukoyanov Maxim Victorovich, phone +7 902-784-23-10; e-mail: lukoyanovm@gmail.com
Electrical investigations of layer-by-layer films of carbon nanotubes (2006)

Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with anionic or cationic coatings have been prepared by exploiting the ability of certain surfactants to form a monolayer shell around the nanotube. The presence of electrically charged functional groups on the surface of the SWNT allows thin film deposition to proceed via the electrostatic layer-by-layer method. This self-assembly process was monitored using the quartz microbalance technique and Raman spectroscopy, while the morphology of the resulting thin layers was studied with atomic force microscopy. A variety of different architectures has been built up. In one arrangement, a single species of a modified SWNT (anionic or cationic) was alternated with a passive polymer to form a composite structure. A 'superlattice' architecture comprising alternating anionic and cationic modified nanotubes was also fabricated. The in-plane and out-of-plane dc conductivities of the films were measured at room temperature and contrasted with reference architectures (i.e. those containing no nanotubes). The results showed clearly that the incorporation of SWNTs into the multilayer assemblies provided electrically conductive thin films. It is suggested that the current versus voltage behaviour, particularly in the out-of-plane direction, is controlled by quantum mechanical tunnelling of carriers between the nanotubes.
Ku-band microstrip patch antenna receiving array (1996)

The design and measured results of a single-layer 16 × 16 microstrip patch antenna array made from four 8 × 8 subarrays are presented. A comparison with theoretical results predicted by the program PCAAD is also made. The array was designed to operate in the Ku band (11.7–12.7 GHz). © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
196 A NEW APPROACH TO PREDICT MOUSE EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE USING A TIME-LAPSE SYSTEM AND THE ‘SHORTEST HALF’ ANALYSIS PROCEDURE (2006)

Embryonic development is a dynamic process in which embryo morphology may change immensely within several hours. Therefore, identifying and selecting embryos with the highest probability of developing and achieving a pregnancy is a major challenge. The timing of embryonic cleavage may serve as an additional indicator for the identification of quality embryos. The aim of this study was to characterize the cleavage timing of mouse embryos and to identify the stage that is most indicative of blastocyst formation. Mated mice (CB6F1) were sacrificed 20 h after hCG administration; putative zygotes were recovered and cultured (50 embryos in each 20-µL drop of M16) in a time-lapse system (EmbryoGuard; IMT, Ltd., Ness-Ziona, Israel) inside the incubator. The time-lapse system was programmed to take photos at half-hour intervals such that culture dishes were not removed from the incubator. The ‘shortest half’ statistical procedure of JMPIN (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA) was utilized to evaluate the period during which at least 50% of the embryonic population cleaves within the shortest time frame. Captured images made it possible to search along the time axis for the densest 50% of cleavage observations. Developing embryos were categorized into 3 groups according to the time of cleavage after hCG administration: before, during, and after the ‘shortest half’ for each developmental stage. Two hundred thirty putative zygotes cleaved and created 2-cell-stage embryos, of which 55 arrested at various stages and 175 progressed to the blastocyst stage. During embryonic development, cleavage timing appeared to become less uniform and the ‘shortest half’ became longer for each successive cell division: Whereas the shortest period in which 50% of the 2-cell-stage embryos cleaved was a 2-h interval, cleavage into the 4-cell, 8-cell, and blastocyst stages took 2.5, 3.5, and 5 h, respectively. The ‘short half’ for the first cleavage appears to be a predictive time frame for subsequent embryonic development, because cleavage was closely synchronized with 80% of the embryos developing to the blastocyst stage. Note that only a small number of embryos were actually cleaving early, while the ‘shortest half’ consisted of 50% of the embryonic population. Moreover, late-cleaving embryos in the 2-cell stage expressed inferior developmental potential relative to those that cleaved within the ‘shortest half’ (see Table 1). In summary, 2-cell-stage embryos that cleaved within the ‘shortest half’ seemed to be better synchronized and consequently more competent than the rest of the embryonic population. Embryonic cleavage timing using the ‘shortest half’ parameter can be considered a biological indicator of embryo potential. It may be useful as an additional tool for selecting embryos for transfer and cryopreservation. Table 1. Cleavage timing distribution into the 2-cell stage according to the shortest half
Varicocele surgery or embolization: Which is better? (2012)

: This review represents the largest contemporary series of varicocele embolization outcomes currently in the literature. Our 19.3% technical failure rate for bilateral varicocele embolization is higher than the current published rate of 13% and is largely related to failure to successfully occlude the right gonadal vein. This supports our belief that bilateral varicoceles are best managed with a primary microsurgical approach, where technical failure rates are expected to be less than 5% based on published data. Men with unilateral left-sided varicoceles should be offered both options as they have similar failure rates, but with embolization offering some clear advantages to the patient.
On the Filter Narrowing Issues in Elastic Optical Networks (2016)

This paper describes the problematic filter narrowing effect in the context of next-generation elastic optical networks. First, three possible scenarios are introduced: the transition from an actual fixed-grid to a flexi-grid network, the generic full flexi-grid network, and a proposal for a filterless optical network. Next, we investigate different transmission techniques and evaluate the penalty introduced by the filtering effect when considering Nyquist wavelength division multiplexing, single side-band direct-detection orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, and symbol-rate variable dual polarization quadrature amplitude modulation. Also, different approaches to compensate for the filter narrowing effect are discussed. Results show that the specific needs per each scenario can be fulfilled by the aforementioned technologies and techniques or a combination of them, when balancing performance, network reach, and cost.
An Actor's Method to Building the Character of Hamlet in The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark (2015)

This thesis will set out to examine the process needed in order to deliver the character of Hamlet as a fully dimensional, complex human being who transcends time periods and class distinctions to connect with any audience of any background. This text will include biographical information about the author, William Shakespeare, as well as historical information about the circumstances and atmosphere surrounding the birth of this play. It will also include information about other performances, which will serve as references for comparison in terms of character development. Included in the scored actor’s script are the Sanford Meisner Techniques of moment-to-moment analysis and actioning as it relates to Konstantin Stanislavski’s system, as well as any additional actor’s notes that may have contributed to character development.
An overview of the contribution of dairy and cheese intakes to nutrient intakes in the Irish diet: results from the National Adult Nutrition Survey (2015)

Dairy products are important contributors to nutrient intakes. However, dairy intakes are reportedly declining in developed populations, potentially due to concerns regarding Na and SFA in dairy foods, particularly cheese. This could impact other nutrient intakes. The present study used data from the National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS) to (1) examine dairy intakes, with a specific focus on cheese, and (2) to examine the contribution of cheese to population nutrient intakes. The NANS captured detailed dietary intake data from a nationally representative sample (n 1500) between 2008 and 2010 using 4-d semi-weighed food diaries; 99·9% of the population reported dairy intake. Mean daily population dairy intake was 290·0 (SD 202·1) g. Dairy products provided 8·7% of the population intake of reported dietary Na, 19·8% SFA, 39% Ca, 34·5% vitamin B12 and 10·5% Mg. Cheese alone provided 3·9% Na intake, 9·1% Ca, 12·6% retinol, 8·3% SFA, 3·7% protein, 3·4% vitamin B12 and 3·2% riboflavin. High dairy consumers had greater Ca and Mg intakes per 10 MJ, greater total energy intake, greater percentage of energy from carbohydrate and SFA and lower Na intakes compared with low dairy consumers. Similar trends were observed for high consumers of cheese for most nutrients except Na. These results demonstrate that dairy and cheese are important contributors to nutrient intakes of public health interest, such as Ca and B12. Our analysis also demonstrated that food-based dietary guidelines recommending lower-fat versions of dairy products are warranted.
A transition-metal-free fast track to flavones and 3-arylcoumarins (2017)

A highly regioselective and transition-metal free one-pot arylation of chromenones with arylboronic acids has been achieved employing K<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub>. The procedure consists of a sequence of some reactions including an arylation/decarboxylation cascade and proceeds well in aqueous media to afford biologically interesting flavones and 3-arylcoumarins. This method exhibited excellent selectivity and functional group tolerance under mild conditions. The reaction also showed perfect efficacy for the preparation of styryl coumarins.
ChemInform Abstract: Host‐Guest Complexation. Part 47. Carcerands and Carcaplexes, the First Closed Molecular Container Compounds. (1988)

Abstract The carcerand (II), prepared by shell closure of the two bowl‐shaped cavitands (Ia) and (Ib) under high dilution conditions, is isolated as an inseparable and insoluble mixture (yield 29%) of (II) and complexes of (II) named carcaplex (II)·G containing all the ingredients of the reaction medium, i.e. DMF, Cs + + Cl‐ (in stoichiometric amounts), THF, and argon.
Synergy of AMPA and NMDA receptor currents in dopaminergic neurons: a modeling study (2015)

Dopaminergic (DA) neurons display two modes of firing: low-frequency tonic and high-frequency bursts. The high frequency firing within the bursts is attributed to NMDA, but not AMPA receptor activation. In our models of the DA neuron, both biophysical and abstract, the NMDA receptor current can significantly increase their firing frequency, whereas the AMPA receptor current is not able to evoke high-frequency activity and usually suppresses firing. However, both currents are produced by glutamate receptors and, consequently, are often co-activated. Here we consider combined influence of AMPA and NMDA synaptic input in the models of the DA neuron. Different types of neuronal activity (resting state, low frequency, or high frequency firing) are observed depending on the conductance of the AMPAR and NMDAR currents. In two models, biophysical and reduced, we show that the firing frequency increases more effectively if both receptors are co-activated for certain parameter values. In particular, in the more quantitative biophysical model, the maximal frequency is 40% greater than that with NMDAR alone. The dynamical mechanism of such frequency growth is explained in the framework of phase space evolution using the reduced model. In short, both the AMPAR and NMDAR currents flatten the voltage nullcline, providing the frequency increase, whereas only NMDA prevents complete unfolding of the nullcline, providing robust firing. Thus, we confirm a major role of the NMDAR in generating high-frequency firing and conclude that AMPAR activation further significantly increases the frequency.
Long peptide-based cancer immunotherapy targeting tumor antigen-specific CD4<sup>+</sup>and CD8<sup>+</sup>T cells (2013)

CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells promote cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated anticancer immune responses. We have recently identified ideal tumor-associated antigen (TAA)-derived long peptides (LPs) that elicit not only TAA-specific T<sub>H</sub>1 response, but also CTLs, through cross-presentation. The LP-specific T<sub>H</sub>1 cell responses were augmented in cancer patients vaccinated with CTL epitopes. Our findings support the clinical application of LP-based immunotherapy.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF BRADYCORTM (CP-0127), A NOVEL BRADYKININ ANTAGONIST, IN SHOCK AND SEPSIS (1995)

Rodell, Timothy C. M.D.; Troha, Janice M.; Marti, Debra K.; Sandhaus, Robert A. M.D., Ph.D. Author Information
Response of some Calvin cycle enzymes subjected to salinity shock in vitro. (1997)

Leaf enzyme extracts of 10 day old seedlings of horsegram were subjected to NaCl or Na2SO4 treatment in vitro. Salinity shock caused decline in the activities of RuBP carboxylase, R-5-P kinase, R-5-P isomerase and NADP-Gly-3-P dehydrogenase. At low concentrations, Na2SO4 did not alter the activities of R-5-P kinase, R-5-P isomerase and NADP-Gly-3-P dehydrogenase. RuBP carboxylase was found to be more sensitive to salt shock than the other enzymes studied. Further, NaCl was more toxic to the enzyme activities as compared to Na2SO4.
Limonoids from the Meliaceae and Rutaceae reduce feeding, growth and development of Ostrinia nubilalis (1987)

Abstract Six limonoids from the Rutaceae and Meliaceae were evaluated for their effect on the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Antifeedant activity increased in the order gedunin, bussein, entandrophragmin, nomilin, cedrelone, anthothecol. When incorporated into artifical diets of neonates at 50 ppm all compounds either caused larval mortality or growth reduction of survivors. However in a study with naive third instar larvae, only cedrelone and anthothecol were effective in reducing efficiency of conversion of ingested food at concentrations of 100 ppm or less. In sublethal trials at 10 ppm in diet, these two substances led to growth reduction of larvae and reduced female, but not male pupal weights, percent pupation, adult emergence and number of eggs per female. The results are discussed in terms of structure‐activity relationships. RÉSUMÉ Limonoides provenant des Meliaceae et des Rutaceae réduisent le croissance, l'injestion de la nourriture et le développement de Ostrina nubilalis On a évalué l'effet de six limonoides provenant des Rutaceae et des Meliaceae sur la pyrale du mais, Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). L'activité anti‐appétante a augmenté dans l'ordre suivant: gédunine, busséine, entandrophragmine, nomiline, cédrélone, anthothecol. Lorsqu'on incorpore ces composés à un régime artificiel à raison de 50 ppm on observe soit des mortalites larvaires, soit une réduction de croissance des survivats. Cependant lors d'une étude avec des larves de 3ème âge n'ayant jamais été exposées à de telles substances, seules la cédrélone et l'anthothecol ont été effectifs, réduisant la capacité de conversion de la nourriture ingérée à des concentrations de 100 ppm ou moins. A des doses sub‐létales de 10 ppm dans le régime, ces deux substances ont produit une réduction de croissance des larves, une réduction de poids des femelles mais non des mâles, une réduction du pourcentage de pupaison, de l'émergence des adultes et du nombre d'oeufs par femelle. Les résultats sont discutés en fonction des relations structure‐activité.
Thermal fluctuations and lifetime of the nonequilibrium steady state in a hysteretic Josephson junction (1982)

The probability distribution of thermal fluctuations around the finite-voltage steady state of a hysteretic Josephson junction, as well as the transition probability out of that state, are both calculated by a simple method that promises to be applicable to a wide variety of nonequilibrium, steady-state situations. Our results are in excellent agreement with those obtained by numerical simulations. Specific experiments are suggested in order to verify the results for the Josephson junction.
DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW END AORTIC OCCLUSION BALLOON FOR MINIMALLY INVASIVE CARDIAC SURGERY (2003)

Objective: Minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) has been presented as a new approach. We developed a new end aortic occlusion balloon catheter(EAC) that is inserted directly into the ascending aorta to occlude it. We investigate occluding ability of EAC. Methods: (1) We tested four different types of EAC ((1) unreinforced,(2) wire-reinforced,(3) wire-reinforced with the long tip, and(4) metal-tube reinforced). These EAC were inserted and inflated in the bovine aortic tube to occlude it and tested by increasing filling water pressures hourly from 50 mmHg, to 80 mmHg and finally to 100 mmHg in the aorta for a total of three hours. We investigated its migration tolerance to select the best EAC type. (2) We developed the half size EAC and tested it in the fresh isolated dog tube aorta by same method. Result:(1) Wire-reinforced EAC have good migration tolerance and these were most useful and safety EAC in the four types. We selected the wire-reinforced EAC for the dog aortic testing. (2) The half size, wire-reinforced EAC used in the fresh dog aortas didn't be migrate to more than 100 mmHg ± Its migration tolerance was 130–150 mm Hg. Conclusions: Blood pressure during cardiopulmonary bypass is about 60 mmHg, and aortic clamping is usually performed for around 60 minutes. As the EAC was able to be occluding the aorta by three times this pressure, for the required amount of time, it appears to have sufficient stability in the isolated aorta to be considered for use in cardiac surgery.
Ultra-Fast List-Mode Reconstruction of Short PET Frames and Example Applications (2020)

Standard clinical reconstructions usually require several minutes to complete, and this time is mostly independent of the duration of the data being reconstructed. Applications such as data-driven motion estimation, which require many short frames over the duration of the scan, become unfeasible with such long reconstruction times. In this work, we present an infrastructure whereby ultra-fast list-mode reconstructions of very short frames (≤1 s) are performed. With this infrastructure, it is possible to have a dynamic series of frames that can be used for various applications, such as data-driven motion estimation, whole-body surveys, quick reconstructions of gated data to select the optimal gate for a given attenuation map, and, if the infrastructure runs simultaneously with the scan, real-time display of the reconstructed data during the scan and automated alerts for patient motion. <b>Methods:</b> A fast ray-tracing time-of-flight projector was implemented and parallelized. The reconstruction parameters were optimized to allow for fast performance: only a few iterations are performed, without point-spread-function modeling, and scatter correction is not used. The resulting reconstructions are thus not quantitative but are acceptable for motion estimation and visualization purposes. Data-driven motion can be estimated using image registration, with the resultant motion data being used in a fully motion-corrected list-mode reconstruction. <b>Results:</b> The infrastructure provided images that can be used for visualization and gating purposes and for motion estimation using image registration. Several case studies are presented, including data-driven motion estimation and correction for brain studies, abdominal studies in which respiratory and cardiac motion is visible, and a whole-body survey. <b>Conclusion:</b> The presented infrastructure provides the capability to quickly create a series of very short frames for PET data that can be used in a variety of applications.
Smoking does not contribute to duodenal ulcer relapse after Helicobacter pylori eradication (1993)

Shields, Nancy MSN, RN; George, L. L.; Borody, T. J.; Brandl, S.; Andrews, P.; Jankiewicz, E.; Ostapowicz, N. Author Information
Synergistic Transcriptional Activation of Indoleamine Dioxygenase by IFN-γ and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (2003)

Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-induced indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity inhibits the growth of susceptible intracellular pathogens by catalyzing the oxidative cleavage of the indole ring of L-tryptophan and depleting pools of the essential amino acid. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) synergistically enhances the IDO activity induced by IFN-gamma at the level of transcription in human epithelial cells. The purpose of this study was to characterize the molecular mechanisms responsible for synergistic gene expression in response to IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. It was found that IFN-gamma-induced mechanisms, such as the binding of Stat1 to gamma activation sequences (GAS) and IFN regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) to IFN-stimulated response elements (ISREs), are more highly activated following treatment with IFN and TNF-alpha. This enhanced signal transduction may be due to the increase in IFN-gamma receptor (IFNGR) expression following combined cytokine stimulation and is a likely contributor to the synergy. Additionally, the contribution of a third previously uncharacterized GAS element that forms a complex with Stat1 was investigated using a plasmid reporter system that controls for copy number. When the GAS-3 sequence was included in the regulatory region, gene expression was significantly increased relative to a region containing the mutated GAS-3. This suggests that GAS-3 is transcriptionally active and contributes to IFN-gamma-induced regulation of the IDO gene.