gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Adhesion-GPCR BAI1 Promotes Excitatory Synaptogenesis by Coordinating Bidirectional Trans-synaptic Signaling (2018)

Excitatory synapses are specialized cell-cell contacts located on actin-rich dendritic spines that mediate information flow and storage in the brain. The postsynaptic adhesion-G protein-coupled receptor (A-GPCR) BAI1 is a critical regulator of excitatory synaptogenesis, which functions in part by recruiting the Par3-Tiam1 polarity complex to spines, inducing local Rac1 GTPase activation and actin cytoskeletal remodeling. However, a detailed mechanistic understanding of how BAI1 controls synapse and spine development remains elusive. Here, we confirm that BAI1 is required <i>in vivo</i> for hippocampal spine development, and we identify three distinct signaling mechanisms mediating BAI1's prosynaptogenic functions. Using <i>in utero</i> electroporation to sparsely knock down BAI1 expression in hippocampal pyramidal neurons, we show that BAI1 cell-autonomously promotes spinogenesis in the developing mouse brain. BAI1 appears to function as a receptor at synapses, as its extracellular N-terminal segment is required for both its prospinogenic and prosynaptogenic functions. Moreover, BAI1 activation with a <i>Stachel</i>-derived peptide, which mimics a tethered agonist motif found in A-GPCRs, drives synaptic Rac1 activation and subsequent spine and synapse development. We also reveal, for the first time, a trans-synaptic function for BAI1, demonstrating in a mixed-culture assay that BAI1 induces the clustering of presynaptic vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (vGluT1) in contacting axons, indicative of presynaptic differentiation. Finally, we show that BAI1 forms a receptor complex with the synaptogenic cell-adhesion molecule Neuroligin-1 (NRLN1) and mediates NRLN1-dependent spine growth and synapse development. Together, these findings establish BAI1 as an essential postsynaptic A-GPCR that regulates excitatory synaptogenesis by coordinating bidirectional trans-synaptic signaling in cooperation with NRLN1.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Adhesion-G protein-coupled receptors are cell-adhesion receptors with important roles in nervous system development, function, and neuropsychiatric disorders. The postsynaptic adhesion-G protein-coupled receptor BAI1 is a critical regulator of dendritic spine and excitatory synapse development. However, the mechanism by which BAI1 controls these functions remains unclear. Our study identifies three distinct signaling paradigms for BAI1, demonstrating that it mediates forward, reverse, and lateral signaling in spines. Activation of BAI1 by a <i>Stachel</i>-dependent mechanism induces local Rac1 activation and subsequent spinogenesis/synaptogenesis. BAI1 also signals trans-synaptically to promote presynaptic differentiation. Furthermore, BAI1 interacts with the postsynaptic cell-adhesion molecule Neuroligin-1 (NRLN1) and facilitates NRLN1-dependent spine growth and excitatory synaptogenesis. Thus, our findings establish BAI1 as a functional synaptogenic receptor that promotes presynaptic and postsynaptic development in cooperation with synaptic organizer NRLN1.
Hamilton, Rodrigues, and the Quaternion Scandal (1989)

What went wrong with one of the major mathematical discoveries of the nineteenth century
Defining the earliest step of cardiovascular progenitor specification during embryonic stem cell differentiation (2011)

During embryonic development and embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation, the different cell lineages of the mature heart arise from two types of multipotent cardiovascular progenitors (MCPs), the first and second heart fields. A key question is whether these two MCP populations arise from differentiation of a common progenitor. In this paper, we engineered Mesp1-green fluorescent protein (GFP) ESCs to isolate early MCPs during ESC differentiation. Mesp1-GFP cells are strongly enriched for MCPs, presenting the ability to differentiate into multiple cardiovascular lineages from both heart fields in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptional profiling of Mesp1-GFP cells uncovered cell surface markers expressed by MCPs allowing their prospective isolation. Mesp1 is required for MCP specification and the expression of key cardiovascular transcription factors. Isl1 is expressed in a subset of early Mesp1-expressing cells independently of Mesp1 and acts together with Mesp1 to promote cardiovascular differentiation. Our study identifies the early MCPs residing at the top of the cellular hierarchy of cardiovascular lineages during ESC differentiation.
Wood products and green chemistry (2015)

Abstract Key message Green chemistry for and from wood has developed numerous industrial products , namely biosourced , green wood adhesives and preservatives , foams , composite matrices , laminates , hard and flexible plastics , flexible films , and abrasive grinding discs , and their number is still growing . Introduction This review addresses (1) the elimination of toxic aldehydes from the most common wood panel adhesive, the one based on urea, itself a natural product, (2) biosourced adhesives derived from wood or other vegetable matter and used for wood products, and (3) wood and bark tannin-based foams, natural fiber composites using tannin matrices, paper surface laminates and continuous high-pressure paper laminates using tannin-furanics, hard plastics based on tannin-furanic materials and some of their applications, flexible biosourced tannin-furanic films, and biosourced wood preservatives.
A Model-Driven Deep Learning Method for Normalized Min-Sum LDPC Decoding (2020)

With the applications of deep learning networks booming in physical layer communication, deep-learning-based channel decoding methods have become a research hotspot. However, the high complexity hinders the application of deep neural network (DNN) on long code. In this paper, we propose a model-driven deep learning method for normalized min-sum (NMS) low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoding. First, we propose a neural normalized min-sum (NNMS) LDPC decoding network. By unfolding the iterative decoding progress between checking nodes (CNs) and variable nodes (VNs) into a feedforward propagation network, we can make use of the advantages of both model-driven deep learning methods and conventional normalized min-sum (CNMS) LDPC decoding method. Second, considering that the NNMS decoder needs large number of multipliers, we propose a shared neural normalized min-sum (SNNMS) decoding network to reduce the number of correction factors. Experimental results show that the BER performance of the proposed NNMS decoder is 1.5dB better than the conventional LDPC decoder, using fewer iterations. Furthermore, the proposed SNNMS decoder outperforms the proposed NNMS decoder and reduces the computation complexity.
A Study on the Wild Rhododendron Micranthum for Landscape Use (1990)

This study was carried out to investigate the propagation methods of the Rhododendron micranthum as a landscape plant The results obtained are as follows : 1. The optimum temperature for seed germination was , and the seed germination needs light. 2. GA and thiourea did not affect the seed germination under light, but GA gad substitutive effect. 3. 87% and over of germination rates were obtained in room temperature and dry storages. 4. The rooting rate was high on sandy loam, vermiculite, and vermiculite 50%+sand 50%, at softwood and hardwood cutting(hardwood ; 45~48%, softwood ; 45~48%). 5. The significant effects on rooting were found with the treatment of NAA 500~2000ppm.
Protection against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by oral pretreatment with quercetin. (2003)

It is indicated that quercetin can protect the liver against ischemia-reperfusion injury after oral pretreatment and the underlying mechanism is associated with improved hepatic antioxidant capacity.
Three-Dimensional Numerical Analysis of Compound Lining in Complex Underground Surge-Shaft Structure (2015)

The mechanical behavior of lining structure of deep-embedded cylinder surge shaft with multifork tunnel is analyzed using three-dimensional nonlinear FEM. With the elastic-plastic constitutive relations of rock mass imported and the implicit bolt element and distributed concrete cracking model adopted, a computing method of complex surge shaft is presented for the simulation of underground excavations and concrete lining cracks. In order to reflect the interaction and initial gap between rock mass and concrete lining, a three-dimensional nonlinear interface element is adopted, which can take into account both the normal and tangential characteristics. By an actual engineering computation, the distortion characteristics and stress distribution rules of the dimensional multifork surge-shaft lining structure under different behavior are revealed. The results verify the rationality and feasibility of this computation model and method and provide a new idea and reference for the complex surge-shaft design and construction.
Self-organized learning in multi-layer networks (2002)

Presents a framework for the self-organized formation of high level learning by a statistical preprocessing of features. The paper focuses first on the formation of the features in the context of layers of feature processing units as a kind of resource-restricted associative learning. The author claims that such an architecture must reach maturity by basic statistical proportions, optimizing the information processing capabilities of each layer. The final symbolic output is learned by pure association of features of different levels and kind of sensorial input. Finally, the author also shows that common error-correction learning can be accomplished by a kind of associative learning.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Maspin Mediates Increased Tumor Cell Apoptosis upon Induction of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition (2005)

Maspin is a unique serpin with the ability to suppress certain types of malignant tumors. It is one of the few p53-targeted genes involved in tumor invasion and metastasis. With this in mind, we attempted to study the molecular mechanism behind this tumor suppression. Maspin-expressing mammary tumors are more susceptible to apoptosis in both implanted mammary tumors in vivo, a three-dimensional spheroid culture system, as well as in monolayer cell culture under lowered growth factors. Subcellular fractionation shows that a fraction of maspin (in both TM40D-Mp and mutant maspinDeltaN cells) translocates to the mitochondria. This translocation of maspin to the mitochondria is linked to the opening of the permeability transition pore, which in turn causes the loss of transmembrane potential, thus initiating apoptotic degradation. This translocation is absent in the other mutant, maspinDeltaRSL. It fails to cause any loss of membrane potential and also shows decreased caspase 3 levels, proving that translocation to the mitochondria is a key event for this increase in apoptosis by maspin. Suppression of maspin overexpression by RNA interference desensitizes cells to apoptosis. Our data indicate that maspin inhibits tumor progression through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. These findings will be useful for maspin-based therapeutic interventions against breast cancer.
Properties of silicon dioxide layers with embedded metal nanocrystals produced by oxidation of Si:Me mixture (2011)

A two-dimensional layers of metal (Me) nanocrystals embedded in SiO2 were produced by pulsed laser deposition of uniformly mixed Si:Me film followed by its furnace oxidation and rapid thermal annealing. The kinetics of the film oxidation and the structural properties of the prepared samples were investigated by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The electrical properties of the selected SiO2:Me nanocomposite films were evaluated by measuring C-V and I-V characteristics on a metal-oxide-semiconductor stack. It is found that Me segregation induced by Si:Me mixture oxidation results in the formation of a high density of Me and silicide nanocrystals in thin film SiO2 matrix. Strong evidence of oxidation temperature as well as impurity type effect on the charge storage in crystalline Me-nanodot layer is demonstrated by the hysteresis behavior of the high-frequency C-V curves.
A Play On The Death Of God: The Irony Of Yeats's <i>The Resurrection</i> (1967)

FROM TITLE TO CRYPTIC CONCLUSION, The Resurrection,by William Butler Yeats, presents an enormous irony. Dated 1931, almost 2000 years after the event, it celebrates not the triumph of Christ but the supposed impending death of Christianity. Controlling here is Yeats's central idea that each of the great cycles of Western history, the classical and the Christian, began with a conception by a mortal woman, of the child of a god. He foresees the dissolution of the Christian cycle and the beginning of another.
On the Modified Oppenauer Oxidation (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOn the Modified Oppenauer OxidationE. W. Warnhoff and P. Reynolds-WarnhoffCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 5, 1431–1433Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01040a535https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01040a535research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views553Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efficacy and safety profile of gemcitabine in non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase II study. (1994)

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of gemcitabine at higher doses than had been used previously in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Eighty-four patients (65 men, 19 women; age range, 35 to 75 years; mean age, 59 years) with locally advanced or metastatic pathologically documented NSCLC were enrolled. Patients had bidimensionally measurable disease, as defined by computed tomographic (CT) scan or chest x-ray. A total of 28.6% had previously been surgically treated, while 9.5% had received radiotherapy. Fifty-three patients commenced at a dose of 1,000 mg/m2, and 31 at a dose of 1,250 mg/m2. Patients were to receive two dose escalations of 25%, provided that overall toxicity was no worse than World Health Organization (WHO) grade 1 or WHO grade 0 for platelets. Responding patients were reviewed and validated by a blinded oncology review board (ORB) of experts not involved with the study. Of the original 84 patients enrolled, 76 were assessable. RESULTS The overall response rate was 20% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.6% to 30.8%). There were two complete responses (3%) and 13 partial responses (17%). Hematologic toxicity was negligible. WHO grade 3 WBC toxicity occurred in 0.9% of doses and WHO grade 4 in 0.1%. WHO grade 3 and 4 thrombocytopenia occurred in 0.1% and 0.1% of all doses, respectively. Nonhematologic toxicity was minor and easily controlled. Common side effects included peripheral edema, asthenia, and transient malaise. CONCLUSION The single-agent efficacy of gemcitabine is equivalent to other agents commonly used to treat NSCLC. Gemcitabine has an unusually mild side effect profile for such an active agent. The nausea and vomiting experienced with gemcitabine are mild and generally well controlled with standard antiemetics; 5-HT3 receptor antagonists are typically not required. The use of gemcitabine does not cause significant alopecia, and hematologic toxicity is modest and unlikely to require hospitalization. Gemcitabine may have a role as monotherapy in patients with inoperable NSCLC.
A comparison of uplink channel estimation techniques for MC/JD-CDMA transmission systems (2002)

The problem of MIMO (multiple input multiple output) uplink channel estimation in MC/JD-CDMA (multi-carrier joint detection code division multiple access) systems is dealt with. Two different estimation approaches are proposed. The first approach is capable of directly estimating the desired samples of the so-called combined impulse response while the second approach relies on the well-known concept of estimating the samples on an unknown channel impulse response. In the course of the paper, the two approaches are discussed indicating both their advantages and drawbacks. Finally, simulation results are presented to facilitate a comparison of two approaches using a realistic channel model.
Common randomness in information theory and cryptography. I. Secret sharing (1993)

As the first part of a study of problems involving common randomness at distance locations, information-theoretic models of secret sharing (generating a common random key at two terminals, without letting an eavesdropper obtain information about this key) are considered. The concept of key-capacity is defined. Single-letter formulas of key-capacity are obtained for several models, and bounds to key-capacity are derived for other models.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Tectonic quiescence punctuated by strike-slip movement: influences on Late Jurassic sedimentation in the Moray Firth and the North Sea region (1996)

Abstract Present geological models do not explain all of the observed Upper Jurassic structural and depositional relationships, not only within the Moray Firth but also the entire North Sea region. Observations based on modern 2D seismic reflection sections, well and onshore outcrop data, have led to a significant reappraisal of the Upper Jurassic which may have far-reaching consequences for presently accepted models. Analysis of the Upper Jurassic sediments in the Moray Firth almost invariably indicates an onlapping, non-rotated parallel-bedded sequence. The onlapped topography resulted from a rapid tectonic pulse of probable Callovian age, the loosely-termed ‘mid Cimmerian’ event, which will be redefined. This likely synchronous event terminated the broadly paralic deposition of the Brent Group and equivalents. Extensive seismic reflection data, well and outcrop evidence from the region strongly suggests that the resulting relief was ‘frozen’, i.e. not driven by, nor creating, vertical earth movements. During this generally tectonically quiescent Late Jurassic period, the lows were passively filled with little apparent subsidence. This relatively low-energy environment may explain the deposition of sands proximal to eroded margins, and also the occurrence of parallel-bedded source rocks where tectonic quiescence would have been beneficial to the maintenance and preservation of anoxic conditions. Evidence of earthquake activity based on grain-size distributions suggests that fault movements were local, of probable strike-slip origin and may have been the result of post ‘mid Cimmerian’ strain energy release along contemporaneously eroding margins. These movements resulted in different localised tectono-stratigraphic sand pulses. The recognition of passive infill during what appears to be a regionally tectonically quiescent period, from intra-Callovian to the major Late Ryazanian sea-level rise, suggests that the intra-Callovian (‘mid Cimmerian’) event, which signalled the beginning of the period, was probably synchronous across the North Sea region. It would be unreasonable to expect contemporaneous passive infill and subsidence-generated sedimentation in adjacent basins if this were not the case. The virtual absence of any evidence of syn-depositional rotation of the Upper Jurassic sediments also suggests that the intra-Callovian event was geologically rapid. It should be noted that these observations, involving a generally tectonically quiescent period which was both rapidly formed and ended, are incompatible with the application of the necessarily gradual processes of thermal subsidence models and classical rifting, which are considered inappropriate for the region during the Late Jurassic period.
Failed Intramedullary Screw Fixation of a Proximal Fifth Metatarsal Fracture (Jones Fracture) in a Division I Athlete: A case report (2009)

The Foot and
p63: The Phantom of the Tumor Suppressor (2007)

The last twenty years of research into p53 function has revealed some fascinating discoveries into the orchestration of tumor suppressor pathways with a multitude of putative drug targets being investigated. However, it was not until 1998 that the ancestral mother of p53 was documented. The eldest evolutionary conserved homolog of the p53 family is known today as p63. Originally, it was thought p63 was another tumor suppressor that could function in a similar capacity to p53. However, elegant demonstrations of the divergent roles that p63 plays as a key transcriptional regulator of the proliferation and differentiation cascade in stratified epithelia are documented. These data link deltaNp63alpha to adult tissue stem cell regulation and possibly "cancer stem cells". p63 lacks mutation in cancer development, which is in stark contrast to the classically high mutation status of p53 in a large compendium of cancer types. Perhaps suggesting a selective preference for p53 mutation. Why is p63 rarely mutated despite being part of the same gene family? Interestingly, p63 is often over-expressed and amplified in cancer, thus revealing a paradox. Is p63 required to provide cancer cell populations with a selective advantage as much as a loss of p53 function by mutation? Has p53 been masking a "phantom" with promising features as a target for drug development? Can we exploit the biochemical know how gained from the mass of p53 research to further elucidate deltaNp63alpha gene function? In this review, we will summarise the emerging advances that are elucidating deltaNp63alpha as a promising drug target.
THE EFFECTS OF CARCASS GRADE AND SEX ON THE LEAN CONTENT OF BEEF CARCASSES (1987)

Heifer (n = 82) and steer (n = 89) carcasses were compared for lean content at the same grade (Canada A1 or A2), or at the same depth of average rib fat thickness within a grade (8.5 or 12.1 mm). Lean content for A1 grade carcasses was found to average 63.3% with a range from 55.6 to 69.2%. The corresponding figures for A2 grade carcasses were 60.0% lean and a range from 53.7 to 66.2%. A1 grade steer carcasses were found to contain 1.7% more lean than A1 grade heifer carcasses, but this difference was reduced to 1.2% when the comparison was made at an equal depth of subcutaneous fat thickness. There were no sex differences in lean content for A2 grade carcasses. The results are discussed with reference to lean content variation in existing carcass grades and pricing policies for heifer and steer carcasses of the same carcass grade. Key words: Beef, carcasses, steer, heifer, composition, grade