gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification and Characterization of the Most Abundant Cellulases in Stylet Secretions from <i>Globodera rostochiensis</i> (2009)

Plant-parasitic cyst nematodes secrete cell wall modifying proteins during their invasion of host plants. In this study, we used a monoclonal antibody to immunopurify and to sequence the N terminus of the most abundant cellulases in stylet secretions of preparasitic juveniles of Globodera rostochiensis. The N-terminal amino acid sequence perfectly matched the sequence of an expressed sequence tag of two nearly identical genes, named Gr-eng3 and Gr-eng4, which show relatively low similarity with the previously identified Gr-eng1 and Gr-eng2 (i.e., 62% similarity and 42% identity). The recombinantly produced proteins from Gr-eng3 and Gr-eng4 demonstrated specific activity on carboxymethylcellulose, indicating that these genes encode active cellulases. To date, the cellulases in cyst nematodes are comprised of three possible domain structure variants with different types of ancillary domains at the C terminus of the glycosyl hydrolase family 5 (GHF5) domain. We used Bayesian inference to show that the phylogeny of the GHF5 domain based on currently available data suggest that the extant nematode cellulases arose through reshuffling of the GHF5 domain with different types of ancillary domains as relatively independent units. Knocking-down Gr-eng3 and Gr-eng4 using RNA interference resulted in a reduction of nematode infectivity by 57%. Our observations show that the reduced infectivity of the nematodes can be attributed to poor penetration of the host's root system at the onset of parasitism.
He 3 refrigerator based very low temperature scanning tunneling microscope (1999)

We describe the design and development of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) which can operate at temperatures down to 240 mK and in magnetic fields up to 7 T with high spatial and energy resolution. The compact and rigid STM head is mounted directly on a low vibration, single shot, He3 refrigerator. This refrigerator can be operated at its base temperature continuously for several days before the He3 needs to be recondensed. The system is equipped with a sample transport manipulator from room temperature, and a cleavage device at low temperature, so that the cryogenic ultrahigh vacuum condition inside the cryostat can be utilized. A superconducting magnet provides a magnetic field of up to 7 T at the sample along the STM tip direction. Test results have shown that, at the base temperature, this instrument has better than 0.5 pm z-direction resolution in imaging mode, and better than 20 μV energy resolution in spectroscopy mode.
Accurate finite‐difference calculation of WKBJ traveltimes and amplitudes (1991)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1991Accurate finite‐difference calculation of WKBJ traveltimes and amplitudesAuthors: Leroy C. PuseyJohn E. VidaleLeroy C. PuseyChevron Oil Field Research Co. and John E. VidaleU.S. Geological Surveyhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1889003 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1889003FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byAdvance Wave Modeling and Diffractions for High-Resolution Subsurface Seismic Imaging5 June 2019Efficient and accurate computation of seismic traveltimes and amplitudesGeophysical Prospecting, Vol. 52, No. 4Finite-difference solution of the transport equation: First resultsPure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, Vol. 148, No. 3-4 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1991ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1991 Pages: 1646 publication data© 1991 Copyright © 1991 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Leroy C. Pusey and John E. Vidale, (1991), "Accurate finite‐difference calculation of WKBJ traveltimes and amplitudes," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1513-1516. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1889003 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Heparin prevents programmed cell death in human trophoblast (2006)

Heparin is used clinically for the prevention of pregnancy complications associated with prothrombotic disorders, especially antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. Recent studies have suggested that heparin may exert direct effects on placental trophoblast, independently of its anticoagulant activity. We now demonstrate that heparin abrogates apoptosis of primary first trimester villous trophoblast in response to treatment with the pro-inflammatory cytokines interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. This multifunctional glycosaminoglycan also inhibited apoptosis induced by other agents, including staurosporin, broad-spectrum kinase inhibitor and thrombin. Furthermore, heparin attenuated caspase-3 activity, a hallmark of apoptosis, in human first trimester villous and extravillous trophoblast cell lines treated with peptidoglycan, a Toll-like receptor-2 agonist isolated from Staphylococcus aureus. The ability of heparin to antagonize cell death induced by such diverse apoptotic signals suggested that it acts as a survival factor for human trophoblast. We demonstrate that heparin, like epidermal growth factor (EGF) and heparin-binding EGF (HB-EGF), elicits phosphorylation of the EGF receptor and activation of the phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-, the extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2)- and the c-Jun NH2 terminal kinase (JNK)-signal transduction pathways in primary villous trophoblast. In summary, we have demonstrated that heparin activates multiple anti-apoptotic pathways in human trophoblast. Our results suggest that heparin may be useful in the management of at-risk patients, even in the absence of an identifiable thrombophilic disorder.
Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination in Turtles (1979)

The sex of hatchling map turtles is determined by incubation temperature of eggs in the laboratory as well as in nature. Temperature controls sex differentiation rather than causing a differential mortality of sexes. Temperature has no effect on sex determination in a soft-shelled turtle.
A General Strategy Toward pH‐Controlled Aggregation–Dispersion of Gold Nanoparticles and Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2008)

pH matters: Protonation–deprotonation of an ethylenediamine molecule is used to harness the aggregation-dispersion process of gold nanoparticles (see image) and carbon nanotubes. The idea takes advantage of the doubly protonated molecule that acts as an electrostatic bridge between two oppositely charged nanoparticles. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2296/2008/z700832_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Modern Porgess of Salt Making Industry (2006)

The paper introduces the classification and distribution of salt source, the consumption of salt, the salt ouput and the progress of modern salt making industry in the world.
Diallyl disulfide induces apoptosis of human colon tumor cells (1996)

The present studies compared the effects of various oil-soluble compounds containing allyl and disulfide groups on the proliferation of cultured human colon tumor cells (HCT-15). Diallyl disulfide (DADS) was more effective in inhibiting the growth of HCT-15 cells than isomolar concentrations of S-allyl cysteine, dipropyl disulfide (DPDS), allyl chloride, allyl glycidyl ether and allyl alcohol. These studies clearly demonstrate the importance of both the diallyl and the disulfide groups in DADS. Treatment of HCT-15 cells with 100 microM DADS increased the intracellular calcium levels by 40%, while DPDS caused only a 12% increase in intracellular calcium. Exposure to 100 microM DADS or more, but not DPDS, caused the cells to undergo apoptosis as determined by morphological changes and DNA fragmentation. A positive correlation (r=0.944) was found between DADS-induced DNA fragmentation and its ability to increase intracellular free calcium levels. The widespread effectiveness of DADS was evident by its ability to inhibit the growth of human colon (HCT-15), skin (SK MEL-2) and lung (A549) tumor cell lines.
Interdiction prononcée contre un aspirant au baccalauréat ès lettres (1858)

Rouland Gustave. Interdiction prononcée contre un aspirant au baccalauréat ès lettres. In: Bulletin administratif de l'instruction publique. Tome 9 n°97, janvier 1858. p. 7.
The Material Removal Mechanism in Magnetic Fluid Grinding of Ceramic Ball Bearings (1994)

Recently a new process known as magnetic fluid grinding has been developed in Japan which can remove material in the finishing of ceramic balls some fifty times more rapidly than can the lapping processes that are conventionally used. Balls are driven round a cell by a rotating shaft in an arrangement similar to a thrust race but submerged in a magnetic fluid placed above permanent magnets. The magnets and fluid create buoyancy forces that levitate grinding grits in the fluid and also provide the loads for the process, but it is not clear why the process is more effective than lapping. This paper reports on experimental studies of the grinding rates of silicon nitride balls in magnetic fluids loaded with diamond grits and of the motion of the balls through the fluids. The high removal rates occur when skidding occurs between the balls and drive shaft. A kinematic theory is developed to calculate sliding speeds and is used to deduce an abrasive wear coefficient for the process of 0.07 ± 0.02, indicative of two-body abrasion. The high removal rates are a consequence of the large sliding speeds that can be developed, of several metres per second.
<i>Response</i> : Unraveling the Structure of IL-2 (1992)

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정서지능(情緖智能)에 관한 문헌적(文獻的) 고찰(考察) (2008)

목적: 이 연구의 목적은 정서지능의 한의학적 개념의 정립하고, 치료 방법을 개발하는 것이다. 도구: 우리는 정서지능과 관련된 문헌을 분석 및 조사하였다.
결과： 한의학에서 정서지능은 오행, 오지, 칠정의 이론에 부합한다고 볼 수 있다. 오지와 칠정은 오행상승과 오행상극의 이론에 따라 정서조절의 역할을 할 수 있기 때문에 정서조절 영역 IV에 부합한다고 볼 수 있다. 오지, 울증, 칠정조절은 정서의 안정과 정서조절에 적용시킬 수 있다.
결론: 이 연구는 한의학이 서양의학보다 정서지능에 관하여 더 많은 장점을 지니고 있다. 왜냐하면 한의학은 정신과 육체를 불가분의 관계로 보기 때문이다. 앞으로의 연구에서는 정서지능의 한의학적 개념의 정립과 문헌적 추가 연구가 필요할 것이다.
Chlamydia Prevalence Among College Students: Reproductive and Public Health Implications (2008)

The chlamydia prevalence was higher in younger college students; more screening efforts and increased awareness are needed to reduce the prevalence of chlamydial infections among students.
Static verification of security requirements in role based CSCW systems (2003)

In this paper, we present static verification of security requirements for CSCW systems using finite-state techniques, i.e., model checking. The coordination and security constraints of CSCW systems are specified using a role based collaboration model. The verification ensures completeness and consistency of the specification given global requirements. We have developed several verification models to check security properties, such as task-flow constraints, information flow or confidentiality, and assignment of administrative privileges. The primary contribution of this paper is a methodology for verification of security requirements during designing collaboration systems.
Substandard urological care of elderly patients with spinal cord injury: an unrecognized epidemic? (2014)

The adverse outcomes can be averted if elderly spinal cord injury patients are treated by senior, experienced health professionals, who are familiar with changes in body systems due to old age, compounded further by spinal cord injury.
Tumor invasion and extracellular matrix degradative enzymes: regulation of activity by organ factors. (1991)

Degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) during cellular invasion is important to the formation of tumor metastasis. Several types of ECM degradative enzymes have been implicated in metastatic invasion by malignant cells. These enzymes are regulated by various factors which vary qualitatively and quantitatively between organs. Tissue and plasma activators of zymogens, enzyme inhibitors, and cell surface enzyme receptors directly control localized enzyme activities, and the expression of enzymes is modulated by various cytokines, growth factors and ECM components. Thus, the interaction of tumor cells with an organ environment affects the metastatic behavior of the cells. This organ factor regulation is illustrated using human colon carcinoma cells implanted in different organ sites of nude mice. The cells growing in the cecal wall produced high levels of ECM degradative enzymes and metastasized to lymph nodes and liver. In contrast, enzyme production was repressed in colon carcinoma tumors growing in the subcutis and no metastases were formed.
Testing database applications using coverage analysis and mutation analysis (2013)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix CHAPTER 1. SOFTWARE TESTING FOR DATABASE APPLICATIONS 1 1.1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Driving Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.3 Our Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.4 Overall Contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.5 Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 CHAPTER 2. RELATED WORK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.1 Automated Test Case Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.2 Mutation Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2.3 Database Application Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 CHAPTER 3. ConSMutate: SQL MUTANTS FOR GUIDING CONCOLIC TESTING OF DATABASE APPLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.
IPSem: A Service Approach for IP-Enabled Wireless Sensor Networks (2009)

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are gaining great popularity in application areas. LR-WPANs are new personal area network architecture that promotes wireless sensor networks tailored towards in personal life. 6L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> WPAN protocol proposed by IETF enables IP function for tiny embedded sensor devices in LR-WPANs. With the 6L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> WPAN adaptation layer which bridges the gap between the LR-WPANs and IP networks, these tiny devices become end nodes in IP networks, However, Integrating LR-WPANs into IP network poses significant challenges for resource discovery and management and security. In this paper we propose a service solution based on 6L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> WPAN to meet these incoming challenges in IP-enabled WSNs. In our scheme a lightweight middleware is used to support web services in WSNs to build scalable management architectures for LRWPANs. With the lightweight service middleware, each tiny sensor device in sensor networks works as service provider and this makes data-centric WSNs become service-oriented architectures. For security, a multi-layer authentication mechanism is used to verify the user validity and provide secure connection between users and services. The feasibility and effectiveness of our service approach is evaluated.
Neuroepithelial cells in the rat spinal cord express glutamate decarboxylase immunoreactivity in vivo and in vitro (1992)

It is unknown whether neuroepithelial cells in the mammalian central nervous system express neurotransmitter-synthesizing enzymes. In this study, expression of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-synthesizing enzyme, was examined in proliferative cells and postmitotic neuroblasts in embryonic rat spinal cord. Immunostaining coronal sections of the embryonic spinal cord with K2 antiserum, which recognizes GAD proteins encoded by the GAD67 gene, revealed intensely stained neuroepithelial cells in the basal plate at embryonic day (E) 13, in the intermediate plate between E 13-16, and last seen in the alar plate at E 16. Nissl counterstaining demonstrated that a small number of these GAD-immunoreactive cells adjacent to the neural tube lumen were mitotic. The ventral-to-dorsal gradient of GAD expression in precursor cells and postmitotic neuroblasts correlates anatomically and temporally with the sequential generation of motoneurons, commissural neurons, and interneurons in the dorsal horn. Some of these GAD-immunoreactive neuroepithelial cells may re-enter the mitotic cycle, while others are postmitotic neuroblasts presumably migrating to the intermediate zone to differentiate into young neurons. Double-immunostaining cells acutely dissociated from E 11-18 spinal cords with K2 and anti-bromodeoxyuridine antisera, following a bromodeoxyuridine pulse in vivo, revealed considerable numbers of DNA-synthesizing cells immunoreactive for GAD. The absolute number of double-stained cells peaked during E 12-15, coinciding with terminal cell division in most spinal neurons. These observations suggest that spinal neuronal precursors can synthesize GAD-related proteins prior to, or during, the terminal cell cycle. Although GAD immunoreactivity revealed by K2 antiserum was detected in proliferative cells and in migrating postmitotic neuroblasts, GABA immunoreactivity was never detectable in these cells. These early embryonic GAD-immunoreactive neuroepithelial cells may either synthesize levels of GABA that cannot be detected immunocytochemically, and/or express enzymatically inactive GAD-related proteins.
Gamma‐irradiated human skin allograft: a potential treatment modality for lower extremity ulcers (2004)

Gamma-irradiated human skin allograft consists of epidermis and dermis. Unlike bioengineered tissues which require cold storage and timely use once received from the manufacturer, gamma-irradiated human skin allograft can be stored for as long as 24 months at room temperature. This modality is applied in a fashion similar to that of bioengineered skin grafts. In this article, we present case studies with concise reviews of the available evidence to discuss the potential use of gamma-irradiated human skin allograft on wounds in the lower extremity.
Welfare losses in models of horizontal And vertical differentiation (2010)

We study the percentage of welfare losses (PWL) in models of horizontal and vertical differentiation. In the Hotelling model, we show that PWL depends on the underlying parameters in a non-monotonic way. We also show that PWL can be calculated from market data-locations and market size-except when the market is covered and exhibits maximal product differentiation. PWL can be very large-up to 37.4%-arising from firms located in the wrong places. In the Salop model, PWL can be calculated from market size. PWL may be large-up to 25%-but, in general, smaller than in Hotelling because firms are optimally located here. Finally, under vertical differentiation with two firms, PWL is discontinuous, but can be calculated from market prices and market coverage. In this model PWL is modest, always below 8.33%.
Detection of epileptiform activities in the EEG using neural network and expert system. (1998)

This paper proposes a multichannel spike detection in long term EEG monitoring for epilepsy. It is achieved by wavelet transform(WT), artificial neural network(ANN) and the expert system. First, a small set of wavelet coefficients is used to represent the characteristics of a single channel epileptic spikes and normal activities. The purpose of this WT is to reduce the number of inputs to the ANN. Next, three layer feed-forward network employing the error back propagation algorithm is trained and tested using parameters obtained by the WT. Spikes are identified in individual EEG channels by 16 identical neural networks. Finally, 16-channel expert system based on the context information of adjacent channels is introduced to reject artifacts and produce reliable results. In this study, epileptic spikes and normal activities were selected from 32 patient's EEGs (the seizure disorder: 12, normal: 20) in consensus among experts. The result shows that the WT reduced data input size and the preprocessed ANN had 97% sensitivity and 89.5% selectivity, which were more accurate than that of ANN with the same input size of raw data. In clinical result, our expert rule system, which uses neighboring channel informations, was capable of rejecting artifacts commonly found in EEG recordings.
Activation of p38MAPK by TGF‐β in fetal rat hepatocytes requires radical oxygen production, but is dispensable for cell death (2001)

We have previously found that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) induces an increase in radical oxygen species (ROS) production that mediates its apoptotic effects in fetal hepatocytes. In this paper we show that TGF-beta activates p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and ROS may be responsible for this activation. Activation of p38MAPK occurs late, coincident with the maximal production of ROS, it is inhibited by radical scavengers and it is accentuated by the presence of glutathione synthesis inhibitors. However, p38MAPK does not appear to be involved in any of the apoptotic events: loss of Bcl-x(L) levels, cytochrome c release, cleavage of caspase substrates and loss of cell viability.
Improving Driver Alertness through Music Selection Using a Mobile EEG to Detect Brainwaves (2013)

Driving safety has become a global topic of discussion with the recent development of the Smart Car concept. Many of the current car safety monitoring systems are based on image discrimination techniques, such as sensing the vehicle drifting from the main road, or changes in the driver's facial expressions. However, these techniques are either too simplistic or have a low success rate as image processing is easily affected by external factors, such as weather and illumination. We developed a drowsiness detection mechanism based on an electroencephalogram (EEG) reading collected from the driver with an off-the-shelf mobile sensor. This sensor employs wireless transmission technology and is suitable for wear by the driver of a vehicle. The following classification techniques were incorporated: Artificial Neural Networks, Support Vector Machine, and k Nearest Neighbor. These classifiers were integrated with integration functions after a genetic algorithm was first used to adjust the weighting for each classifier in the integration function. In addition, since past studies have shown effects of music on a person's state-of-mind, we propose a personalized music recommendation mechanism as a part of our system. Through the in-car stereo system, this music recommendation mechanism can help prevent a driver from becoming drowsy due to monotonous road conditions. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed drowsiness detection method to determine a driver's state of mind, and the music recommendation system is therefore able to reduce drowsiness.