gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using Noise Data from Underwater Gas Vents to Estimate the Noise Level of Subsea Blowouts (1975)

Abstract An acoustic subsea BOP control system must distinguish between transmitted signals and ambient noise under adverse conditions - say, when gas escapes from a well through an unclosed BOP. Tests with a subsea gas vent indicated a noise level of -16 db for an extrapolated flow rate of 100 MMscf/d. A backup acoustic control system must have enough power to operate with this ambient noise level. Reception also depends on the number and locations of hydrophones mounted on the stacks. Introduction In floating drilling operations, it is necessary to be able to close the blowout preventers on wells that are being drilled if the redundant primary control systems fail. In shallow water this is usually done with the aid of divers. Where diving is more difficult, as in deeper water or where severe environmental conditions are anticipated, it is common practice to use a drop in hydraulic pressure to automatically close the annular preventer. It would bebetter, however, to selectively close the major functions on the BOP stack or release the riser remotely, and this can be done by an acoustic backup system. To design an acoustic system, however, the maximum background noises at the time the system is to be used should be estimated. A blowout at a gas flow rate of about 100 MMScf/d will probably generate the maximum noise level anticipated at the BOPs. Available noise data dealing with gas turbulence in air l - 4 and cavitation 5,6 noise are not directly applicable for estimating the noise of gas being released underwater. To our knowledge, no noise data regarding gas vented subsea have been published. Consequently, representative data were taken using an inactive dry gas vent. However, venting gas at the rate of 100 MMScf/d through existing underwater gas vents is impractical, so lower rates had to be used in actual field measurements. This report presents noise levels taken near an underwater gas vent flowing at controlled rates up to 11.4 MMScf/d. These data are extrapolated to 100 MMScf/d to determine a limit for designing an acoustic control system. Scaling critera and hydrophone placement are discussed and a description of an acoustic control system designed to operate under severe blowout conditions is presented. Subsea Noise Tests Test Situation The data were taken from a vent in 84 ft of water. Gas was vented vertically through a 5.5-in. I.D. pipe with no restrictions at the outlet (see Fig. 1). A calibrated hydrophone with a preamplifier was suspended 6 ft from the flare opening, approximately 120 degrees from the vertical center line of the gas vent. The remaining sound measuring equipment was located on the vessel moored near the vent. Hard copies of each spectral analysis were obtained on site and the sound data were recorded on magnetic tape for further evaluation. All ship's power was shut down while taking data and instrument power was furnished by a small generator set on styrofoam pads for sound insulation.
Intestinal barrier function and absorption in pigs after weaning: a review (2011)

Under commercial conditions, weaning of piglets is associated with social, environmental and dietary stress. Consequently, small-intestinal barrier and absorptive functions deteriorate within a short time after weaning. Most studies that have assessed small-intestinal permeability in pigs after weaning used either Ussing chambers or orally administered marker probes. Paracellular barrier function and active absorption decrease when pigs are weaned at 3 weeks of age or earlier. However, when weaned at 4 weeks of age or later, the barrier function is less affected, and active absorption is not affected or is increased. Weaning stress is a critical factor in relation to the compromised paracellular barrier function after weaning. Adequate feed intake levels after weaning prevent the loss of the intestinal barrier function. Transcellular transport of macromolecules and passive transcellular absorption decrease after weaning. This may reflect a natural intestinal maturation process that is enhanced by the weaning process and prevents the pig from an antigen overload. It seems that passive and active absorption after weaning adapt accurately to the new environment when pigs are weaned after 3 weeks of age. However, when weaned at 3 weeks of age or earlier, the decrease in active absorption indicates that pigs are unable to sufficiently adapt to the new environment. To improve weaning strategies, future studies should distinguish whether the effect of feed intake on barrier function can be directed to a lack of a specific nutrient, i.e. energy or protein.
Calculation of antibody affinity in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems (1988)

Antibody affinity is an important determinant of all antibody-antigen reactions. A new computer program, AFCRV, was developed to calculate binding constants with data from a radioimmunoassay on most microcomputers in the laboratory by using constant-ratio dilution curves. Evaluation of a homogeneous or heterogeneous antibody in the presence of a single antigen can be accomplished.
Response: Does Hypomagnesemia Have an Adaptive Role in Hypertension? (2004)

HomeHypertensionVol. 0, No. 1Response: Does Hypomagnesemia Have an Adaptive Role in Hypertension? Free AccessOtherPDF/EPUBAboutView PDFSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload citationsTrack citationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyReddit Jump toFree AccessOtherPDF/EPUBResponse: Does Hypomagnesemia Have an Adaptive Role in Hypertension? Carrie A. Northcott and Stephanie W. Watts Carrie A. NorthcottCarrie A. Northcott and Stephanie W. WattsStephanie W. Watts Originally published23 Feb 2004https://doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.0000121464.89457.d9Hypertension. 2004;0Other version(s) of this articleYou are viewing the most recent version of this article. Previous versions: August 1, 2018: Ahead of Print "Response: Does Hypomagnesemia Have an Adaptive Role in Hypertension?." Hypertension, , pp. – Previous Back to top Next FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails January 2019Vol 0, Issue 1 Advertisement Article InformationMetrics https://doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.0000121464.89457.d9 Originally publishedFebruary 23, 2004 PDF download Advertisement
Australia Antigen, Transfusion and Hepatitis (1970)

Nearly one fifth of patients transfused with blood containing Australia antigen(Au(l)-positive blood) produced antibodies against the Au(l) antigen. The antibodies were also found in recipients of Au(l)-netagive blood, although less frequently. A plasma product, heat-treated (60°C, 10 h) plasma protein solution, may also be an antigenic stimulus for antibody production. After transfusion the Au antigen became demonstrable in the serum of 18 of 55 recipients of Au(l)-positive blood and in the serum of 10 of 99 recipients of Au(l)-negative blood. Almost all of them developed hepatitis. In some patients, the antigen appeared before the elevation of SGPT level. The prevalence of post-transfusion hepatitis in the recipients of Au(l)-positive blood was higher than in the recipients of Au(l)-negative blood, and the difference was most significant between the groups who received less than five units of blood. The recipients who produced antibodies against the Au(l) antigen seemed less susceptible to the development of post-transfusion hepatitis. Since the majority of recipients of Au(l)-positive blood developed post-transfusion hepatitis, the transfusion of Au(l)-positive blood should be avoided. However, eliminating Au(l)-positive blood evidently will not completely prevent the occurrence of posttransfusion hepatitis. The need to develop more sensitive techniques than double diffusion in agar for detecting the antigen and to investigate other agents than the Au(l) antigen is discussed in order to establish a screening procedure of carriers of hepatitis virus.
Menaquinone (vitamin K2) biosynthesis: conversion of o-succinylbenzoic acid to 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid by Mycobacterium phlei enzymes (1979)

The coenzyme A (CoA) and adenosine 5'-triphosphate-dependent conversion of o-succinylbenzoic acid (4-[2'-carboxyphenyl]-4-oxobutyric acid) to 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acids is an important step in menaquinone (vitamin K2) biosynthesis. Cell-free extracts catalyzing this conversion, obtained from Mycobacterium phlei, were separated into three protein fractions by treatment with protamine sulfate. The second fraction (fraction B) and the supernatant (fraction S) alone did not catalyze dihydroxynaphthoate formation, but did so in combination. All of the results were consistent with the formation of an unstable intermediate, likely an o-succinylbenzoyl-CoA compound, by the action of fraction S. Adenosine 5'-triphosphate was required in this reaction and adenosine 5'-monophosphate was formed. This enzyme activity was termed o-succinylbenzoyl-CoA synthetase: the enzyme showed a marked stability to 0.1 N hydrochloric acid. The presumed o-succinylbenzoyl-CoA derivate was rather unstable; under a variety of conditions, it was converted to a spirodilactone form of o-succinylbenzoate. Fraction B contained an enzyme, termed naphthoate synthase, which converted the o-succinylbenzoyl-CoA derivative to 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate.
Phytobiotic effect of Marrubium vulgare and Leonurus sibiricus on productive performance of griller-type broilers (2021)

ABSTRACT: The food industry is in a continuous search for strategies of reducing of antibiotic residues in livestock production, given the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In that context, there is a consistent increasing in the usage of alternative feed phytogenic additives. Due to the pharmacological, the plants Marrubium vulgare and Leonurus sibiricus, are both potential replacements for growth-promoting antibiotics. This study evaluated the productive performance and analyze the sensory qualities in the meat of broiler that were administered M. vulgare and L. sibiricus infusions. A total of 320 chicks from an poultry farm were distributed in 8 groups groups according treatments by 28 days: Control Group (Saline); Positive control (tylosin 1%, 50 ppm); Groups of M. vulgare (MV) infusion: 2% (MV2), 4% (MV4) and 6% (MV6); and groups treated with L. sibiricus (LS) infusion: 2% (LS2), 4% (LS4) and 6% (LS6), all of them received relative doses corresponding to the live weight percentage in milliliter. There was weght gain in MV6 and LS6 group and a better food conversion in MV4, MV6, LS4, and LS6. In addition, weight gain and enhancement of the pectoral muscles were observed in these groups. The sensory analysis revealed that the broilers’ meat of MV had a more intense flavor. For marketing purposes the meat from birds that received LS had a better demand. Improvement of productive performance and sensory qualities of the broilers meat might be associated with the phytobiotic activity in it. Therefore, MV and LS can be used as natural growth promoter in broilers.
The voice activity detector for the Pan-European digital cellular mobile telephone service (2003)

A description is given of the voice activity detector (VAD) standardized by CEPT for use in the Pan-European digital cellular mobile telephone service. The speech-coding algorithm chosen is a 13-kb/s speech coder, using a technique in which speech is produced at the decoder by passing a substitute for the residual through long-term and short-term predictor filters. The difficulties of detecting speech in a noisy environment are discussed, and the performance tests carried out to validate the design are described. The tests show that clipping levels are very low but that low levels of speech activity are recorded in conversations. The VAD has low complexity (because it uses the results of analysis performed in the speech coder) and is failsafe in difficult conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of thermal history on properties ofblock-copolyetheresters with poly(tetramethylene 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate) segments (1999)

The effect of compression molding on the thermal transitions and crystalline properties of block-copolyetheresters with hard segments of poly(tetramethylene 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate) and soft segments of poly(tetramethylene oxide) were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction, thermal stimulated current (TSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The X-ray diffraction patterns of compression molded samples of the block-copolymers were considerably different from those of the corresponding samples with slow-cooling history. After compression molding, the diffraction peaks were changed completely indicating a different crystalline structure for the polyester segments, and the diffraction peaks became sharper indicating a higher crystallinity. The DSC results also showed that the melting point and crystallinity of the polyester segments were increased after compression molding. The glass transition temperatures of the polyether soft phase and polyester hard phase also were determined by DSC, TSC, and DMA separately with consistent data and were found to be dependent on the content of polyether segments and the molecular weight of the poly(tetramethylene ether)glycol (PTMEG) used. A γ-transition was observed by TSC and DMA and seemed to be independent of the composition and the thermal history. The glass transition temperatures of the polyether soft phase and the polyester hard phase of the block-copolymers derived from PTMEG 650 and PTMEG 1000 shifted to a lower temperature after compression molding possibly because of the partial miscibility between the comprising segments in these two series. The abrupt drop in log G′ in the temperature range of −10–15°C for the block-copolymers derived from PTMEG 2000 was caused by the melting of the polyether segments and indicated that the crystalline properties of the polyether segments could affect their mechanical properties. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 73: 1441–1449, 1999
Nucleation and annihilation of magnetic vortices in submicron-scale Co dots (2000)

We describe experiments on arrays of polycrystalline Co structures fabricated by interference lithography. The dots are thin (15–40 nm), submicron in size, and are patterned with a uniaxial, in-plane, shape anisotropy axis. We use magnetic force microscopy (MFM) in the presence of an applied field to directly observe magnetic reversal in the dots. These experiments reveal that reversal occurs predominantly through the nucleation and annihilation of a single magnetic vortex in each dot. Hysteresis loop measurements indicate that the vortices are stable over a wide range of applied fields and that the limits of this range depend on the size and thickness of the dots. Using the MFM data, we determine the statistical distribution of the single-vortex nucleation field for several different arrays. We attribute the observed variance to the random orientation of the polycrystalline grains. Finally, we show that the average vortex nucleation and annihilations fields are linearly correlated to the demagnetization field of a uniformly magnetized structure.
Recognition and treatment of surgical wound infections. (1992)

1. Tissue traumatized by surgery heals in a three-phase sequential process: a defensive response to the injury, reconstruction of the site, and maturation (closing) of the wound. 2. Not all patients undergoing surgery are at equal risk for infection. The anatomic location of the surgery, the seeding of the surgical site with the patient's own normal flora, the OR environment and personnel, and the presence of a foreign body left in place after closure all contribute to the risk of infection. 3. The treatment of postoperative infection can be divided into the physical aspects of wound care and the appropriate use of antimicrobial agents.
The Natural History of Protein Domains (2002)

Genome sequencing and structural genomics projects are providing new insights into the evolutionary history ofprote in domains. As methods for sequence and structure comparison improve, more distantly related domains are shown to be homologous. Thus there is a need for domain families to be classified within a hierarchy similar to Linnaeus' Systema Naturae, the classification of species. With such a hierarchy in mind, we discuss the evolution of domains, their combination into proteins, and evidence as to the likely origin of protein domains. We also discuss when and how analysis of domains can be used to understand details of protein function. Unconventional features of domain evolution such as intragenomic competition, domain insertion, horizontal gene transfer, and convergent evolution are seen as analogs of organismal evolutionary events. These parallels illustrate how the concept of domains can be applied to provide insights into evolutionary biology.
Iran and the Bronze Age Metals Trade in the Persian Gulf (2016)

Archaeometallurgical research in the U.A.E. and Oman has demonstrated that local Bronze Age societies undertook copper production on a very large scale, providing solid evidence for the identification of this region as the land of Magan known in Mesopotamian sources as a key supplier of copper in the later 3rd millennium b.c. However, consideration of the textual, archaeological and archaeometallurgical evidence from across the greater Persian Gulf region indicates a more complex exchange system conditioned not only by raw material sources and trade routes, but by politics and warfare, by technological traditions of manufacture and recycling, by ideologies of elite consumption, and by the social obligations that created and underpinned exchange relationships. A great deal of work remains to be done to demonstrate the likely contribution of Iranian polities to this system.
The analysis of risk factors in gastrointestinal graft versus host disease following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (2014)

Objective To investigate the risk factors of gastrointestinal graft versus host disease(GVHD) following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).Method 214 patients receiving allo-HSCT from 2003 to 2012 were enrolled in this study,and assessed on the degree of gastrointestinal GVHD.The effects of the primary diseases status,gender,age,conditioning regimen intensity,donor type,the number of cells positive for the CD34 expression,and the use of anti-lymphocyte immunoglobulin (ALG) in the pretreatment scheme on the occurrence of gastrointestinal GVHD was studied.The responses of different degrees of GVHD to immunotherapy were evaluated.Result Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that the graft type and the conditioning regimen intensity were the risk factors of gastrointestinal GVHD (P＜0.05).Conclusion Donor type and conditioningregimen intensity may be the main risk factors of gastrointestinal GVHD.

Key words: 
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; Graft versus host disease; Risk factor
A New Focal Adhesion Protein That Interacts with Integrin-Linked Kinase and Regulates Cell Adhesion and Spreading (2001)

Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a multidomain focal adhesion (FA) protein that functions as an important regulator of integrin-mediated processes. We report here the identification and characterization of a new calponin homology (CH) domain-containing ILK-binding protein (CH-ILKBP). CH-ILKBP is widely expressed and highly conserved among different organisms from nematodes to human. CH-ILKBP interacts with ILK in vitro and in vivo, and the ILK COOH-terminal domain and the CH-ILKBP CH2 domain mediate the interaction. CH-ILKBP, ILK, and PINCH, a FA protein that binds the NH(2)-terminal domain of ILK, form a complex in cells. Using multiple approaches (epitope-tagged CH-ILKBP, monoclonal anti-CH-ILKBP antibodies, and green fluorescent protein-CH-ILKBP), we demonstrate that CH-ILKBP localizes to FAs and associates with the cytoskeleton. Deletion of the ILK-binding CH2 domain abolished the ability of CH-ILKBP to localize to FAs. Furthermore, the CH2 domain alone is sufficient for FA targeting, and a point mutation that inhibits the ILK-binding impaired the FA localization of CH-ILKBP. Thus, the CH2 domain, through its interaction with ILK, mediates the FA localization of CH-ILKBP. Finally, we show that overexpression of the ILK-binding CH2 fragment or the ILK-binding defective point mutant inhibited cell adhesion and spreading. These findings reveal a novel CH-ILKBP-ILK-PINCH complex and provide important evidence for a crucial role of this complex in the regulation of cell adhesion and cytoskeleton organization.
Ultra-weak FBG array for fiber-optic sensing applications (2018)

An ultra-weak FBG (UWFBG) array for fiber-optic sensing applications is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The precise of the spacing between each adjacent UWFBGs is less than 1mm, which is suitable for precise positioning and rapid demodulation. The system is capable of measuring vibrations of up to 1 kHz over 1.6 km with 2.5m spatial resolution.
A Key Player: The National Federation of the Blind (2016)

The author shares about how to make online learning more accessible to align with federal laws.
Isoflavone Conjugates Are Underestimated in Tissues Using Enzymatic Hydrolysis (2005)

Many health effects of soy foods are attributed to isoflavones. Isoflavones upon absorption present as free form, glucuronide, and sulfate conjugates in blood, urine, and bile. Little is known about the molecular forms and the relative concentrations of soy isoflavones in target organs. Acid hydrolysis or enzymatic hydrolysis (glucuronidases and sulfatases) was used to study isoflavone contents in the heart, brain, epididymis, fat, lung, testis, liver, pituitary gland, prostate gland, mammary glands, uterus, and kidney from rats fed diets made with soy protein isolate. The heart had the lowest isoflavone contents (undetectable), and the kidney had the highest (1.8 +/- 0.6 nmol/g total genistein; 3.0 +/- 1.1 nmol/g total daidzein). Acid hydrolysis released 20-60% more aglycon in tissues than enzymatic digestion (p < 0.05), and both hydrolysis methods gave the same level of isoflavones in serum. Approximately 28-44% of the total isoflavone content within the liver was unconjugated aglycon, and the remainder was conjugated mainly as glucuronide. The subcellular distribution of total isoflavones was 55-60% cytosolic and 13-16% in each of the nuclear, mitochondrial, and microsomal fractions. These results demonstrated that (1) soy isoflavones distribute in a wide variety of tissues as aglycon and conjugates and (2) the concentrations of isoflavone aglycons, which are thought to be the bioactive molecules, are in the 0.2-0.25 nmol/g range, far below the concentrations required for most in vitro effects of genistein or daidzein.
Modification of Fatty Acids in Milk by Feeding Calcium‐Protected High Oleic Sunflower Oil (1996)

ABSTRACT Calcium soaps of high oleic sunflower oil (HOS‐Ca) were prepared, using alkaline hydrolysis and calcium precipitation, and freeze‐dried. Cows’ diets were prepared to provide 0, 0.85 kg or 1.7 kg HOS‐Ca/day. Fatty acids and cholesterol were determined by gas chromatography. Sensory evaluations of milk from cows fed 0 and 1.7 kg HOS‐Ca/day were conducted using triangle tests. The 18:lco9 concentration in milk from cows fed the 1.7 kg HOS‐Ca diet increased from 22.9 to 35.2% compared to the control (p<0.05). Concentration of total medium‐chain saturates (C12‐C16) decreased from 40.7 to 31.4% (p<0.05). Feeding HOS‐Ca resulted in increases of monoene fatty acids and lower medium‐chain saturated fatty acids but no change in milk flavor.