gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variability of the ocean‐induced magnetic field predicted at sea surface and at satellite altitudes (2005)

Spatial and temporal variability of the magnetic field component induced by ocean circulation is investigated on the basis of a standard thin‐shell approximation of electro‐ and magneto‐static equations. Well‐known difficulties of numerical solution of the governing equations are resolved by reducing the problem to an equation for the electric field potential, Φ, as opposed to a more conventional approach focused on the vertical jump, ψ, of the magnetic field potential across a combined ocean/marine‐sediment‐layer spherical shell. The present formulation permits using more realistic input data on ocean currents and ultimately yields much greater (by at least an order of magnitude) values of the magnetic field at sea surface than predicted in earlier studies. Such large values are comparable to, and in some cases exceed, magnetic field variations caused by lithospheric and ionospheric sources on monthly to interannual timescales. At the 400‐km altitude (of CHAMP satellite), the field attains 6 nT. The model predictions show favorable comparisons with some in situ measurements as well as with Challenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) satellite magnetometer data.
Effects of Quinolones on the Immune System (2014)

The immune system consists of a complex network of innate and adaptive host responses that defend the host against microbial invaders and the development of neoplastic processes. For several decades there has been considerable interest mounting in the effects of antimicrobial agents on components of the immune system. Some of the extensive review articles that have covered the subject during the past two decades are summarized in this chapter. There are at least five mechanisms by which antimicrobial agents can affect the host-pathogen relationship besides a direct bacteriostatic/bactericidal effect on the microbe. Dalhoff has written a detailed review that includes a comprehensive summary of the reported effects of antimicrobial agents on eukaryotic cells. It was successful in significantly preventing systemic or bacteremic M. avium infection, thus validating the in vitro observations published. Comparator agents such as clindamycin had no effect on humoral or cellular responses, and cefotaxime, mezlocillin, and amikacin had modest suppressive effects. The explosion in knowledge about immune responses is related, in part, to a better understanding of the complex molecular signals generated when secretory cells of the reticuloendothelial system, particularly monocytes and macrophages, have been studied for cytokine generation. A plethora of quinolone effects on specific components of the immune response have been reviewed. Downregulation of cytokine responses has also been noted for other antimicrobial agents, including macrolides.
High peak-power laser beam correction and formation (2005)

In this paper we are presenting our latest results in the field of correction and formation high power pulsed laser radiation by means of adaptive optics. Our adaptive optical system consists of wavefront corrector (multy element bimorph mirror), control unit for such a mirror, PC and Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. The system is intended to compensate for slowly changing aberrations (frequency of corrected aberrations is about 5 Hz) with rather high amplitude (up to 20 μ). The efficiency of adaptive system was tested in various laboratories and institutes throughout the world on both femto second and high energy nano second lasers. It allowed to improve Strehl ratio up to 0.8.
Spectroscopic markers for uranium(<scp>vi</scp>) phosphates: a vibronic study (2015)

Uranyl phosphate minerals are studied by optical and vibrational spectroscopy which provide robust markers to discriminate among environmentally hazardous uranium phases.
Microvillin: a 200-kilodalton protein in microvilli of rat mammary cells detected by a monoclonal antibody. (1984)

We have isolated a monoclonal antibody that was raised against rat mammary tumor cells. The antibody stains the lumenal edge of mammary duct epithelial cells. It immunoprecipitates a 200-kilodalton nonglycosylated, nonphosphorylated protein, which, by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, can be localized in microvilli. In addition to microvilli of mammary ducts, this monoclonal antibody stains microvilli of the salivary ducts and of the renal nephron. It does not stain the microvilli of the intestinal brush border and shows a different tissue distribution than previously described proteins of this microvillus. We propose the name microvillin to distinguish the protein from other microvillar proteins. The presence of the protein distinguishes two classes of microvilli that are present in cells with possibly different transport functions.
Tropical forests were the primary sources of new agricultural land in the 1980s and 1990s (2010)

Global demand for agricultural products such as food, feed, and fuel is now a major driver of cropland and pasture expansion across much of the developing world. Whether these new agricultural lands replace forests, degraded forests, or grasslands greatly influences the environmental consequences of expansion. Although the general pattern is known, there still is no definitive quantification of these land-cover changes. Here we analyze the rich, pan-tropical database of classified Landsat scenes created by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations to examine pathways of agricultural expansion across the major tropical forest regions in the 1980s and 1990s and use this information to highlight the future land conversions that probably will be needed to meet mounting demand for agricultural products. Across the tropics, we find that between 1980 and 2000 more than 55% of new agricultural land came at the expense of intact forests, and another 28% came from disturbed forests. This study underscores the potential consequences of unabated agricultural expansion for forest conservation and carbon emissions.
A neural net model of the adaptation of binocular vertical eye alignment (1997)

Binocular eye alignment is continuously recalibrated and readjusted to maintain a single view of the world. Once this process is complete, visual feedback is no longer required to maintain alignment. Rather, alignment is maintained through non-visual or extra-retinal information. The calibration process can be demonstrated by producing a cross-coupling or association between vertical vergence and another type of eye movement. This paper presents a neural net model of a plausible biological mechanism that could be involved with maintaining alignment in the context of vertical vergence. The model couples conjugate eye-position-sensitive neurons with a vertical vergence response. Weight training of the input neurons is accomplished with a modified Hebbian rule that minimizes the vertical eye alignment error during adaptation to vertical disparities. The experimental results are simulated with a class of input neurons that has randomly distributed sensitivities and thresholds similar to those found in premotor sites in the brainstem. For simultaneous adaptation to three vertical disparities, the weighted inputs of the input class are reshaped such that the inputs qualitatively obtain a sensitivity - threshold relationship similar to that of motoneurons in the brainstem.
Fundamental Limitations of Disturbance Attenuation in the Presence of Side Information (2007)

In this paper, we study fundamental limitations of disturbance attenuation of feedback systems, under the assumption that the controller has a finite horizon preview of the disturbance. In contrast with prior work, we extend Bode's integral equation for the case where the preview is made available to the controller via a general, finite capacity, communication system. Under asymptotic stationarity assumptions, our results show that the new fundamental limitation differs from Bode's only by a constant, which quantifies the information rate through the communication system. In the absence of asymptotic stationarity, we derive a universal lower bound which uses Shannon's entropy rate as a measure of performance. By means of a case-study, we show that our main bounds may be achieved
Transient Co-Expression of Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing Suppressors for Increased in Planta Expression of a Recombinant Anthrax Receptor Fusion Protein (2011)

Potential epidemics of infectious diseases and the constant threat of bioterrorism demand rapid, scalable, and cost-efficient manufacturing of therapeutic proteins. Molecular farming of tobacco plants provides an alternative for the recombinant production of therapeutics. We have developed a transient production platform that uses Agrobacterium infiltration of Nicotiana benthamiana plants to express a novel anthrax receptor decoy protein (immunoadhesin), CMG2-Fc. This chimeric fusion protein, designed to protect against the deadly anthrax toxins, is composed of the von Willebrand factor A (VWA) domain of human capillary morphogenesis 2 (CMG2), an effective anthrax toxin receptor, and the Fc region of human immunoglobulin G (IgG). We evaluated, in N. benthamiana intact plants and detached leaves, the expression of CMG2-Fc under the control of the constitutive CaMV 35S promoter, and the co-expression of CMG2-Fc with nine different viral suppressors of post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS): p1, p10, p19, p21, p24, p25, p38, 2b, and HCPro. Overall, transient CMG2-Fc expression was higher on intact plants than detached leaves. Maximum expression was observed with p1 co-expression at 3.5 days post-infiltration (DPI), with a level of 0.56 g CMG2-Fc per kg of leaf fresh weight and 1.5% of the total soluble protein, a ten-fold increase in expression when compared to absence of suppression. Co-expression with the p25 PTGS suppressor also significantly increased the CMG2-Fc expression level after just 3.5 DPI.
Alimenti e Nutrienti Strategici. Una guida per il consumatore (2007)

Nella prima parte del libro sono descritti i principali alimenti vegetali ed animali relativamente alle loro caratteristiche nutrizionali, elencando i vari nutrienti strategici importanti per la salute umana. Un capitolo è dedicato all'evoluzione della qualità degli alimenti di origine animale, alla possibilità del loro arricchimento con acidi grassi della serie omega 3 ed alle possibili manipolazioni lipidiche. Per la conservazione degli alimenti si passano in rassegna le varie tecniche di conservazione, oltre ad alcune considerazioni fatte per evitare le alterazioni dei prodotti conservati. Ampio spazio è dedicato alle filiere agroalimentari, con le descrizioni dei diversi standard internazionali di qualità, di rintracciabilità e di certificazione di filiera controllata. Alla fine del libro vi è anche un capitoletto sull'etichettatura nutrizionale volontaria dei prodotti alimentari.
Chromosome 7 deletions are associated with unfavorable prognosis in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (2005)

Several studies suggest a poor prognosis for patients with myelofibrosis (MF) with an abnormal karyotype, but the prognostic impact of specific cytogenetic lesions is difficult to define.[1][1] Using conventional cytogenetics, Tefferi et al were able to demonstrate that +8 and 12p- were associated
Non-contact left ventricular endocardial mapping in cardiac resynchronisation therapy (2003)

In patients undergoing CRT for heart failure, non-contact mapping can identify regions of slow conduction. Significant haemodynamic improvements can occur when the site of left ventricular pacing is outside these slow conduction areas. Failure of CRT to produce clinical benefits may reflect left ventricular lead placement in regions of slow conduction which can be overcome by pacing in more normally activating regions.
Effect of Five Impurities on the High Temperature Water And Steam Corrosion Resistance of Zircaloy-2 (1962)

Five impurities (aluminum, manganese, nitrogen, copper and silicon), each at two concentrations, were studied in relation to the effect they had on the high temperature water and steam corrosion of Zircaloy-2. Sixteen ingots were fabricated to strip, and 36 specimens were taken from each ingot for corrosion testing. To investigate the heat treatment-impurity element interaction, three heat treatment conditions were incorporated in the experimental design. The average of all the furnace-cooled coupons had a somewhat lower corrosion rate than the average air-cooled or as-received coupons, but the initial weight gains were higher. Results showed that aluminum is detrimental to the 750 F steam test and 680 F water corrosion resistance of Zircaloy-2. Silicon at certain levels is beneficial in normalizing the corrosion weight gain of material furnace cooled. Manganese slightly increases the corrosion rate in 750 F steam and 680 F water, but is not considered significantly detrimental in the concentration ranges normally encountered. Copper shows no effect on the corrosion resistance. Nitrogen in the ranges studied did not affect the corrosion rate but did increase the total weight gains. 3.7.2, 4.6.2, 6.3.20
PREDISSOCIATION DYNAMICS OF HCP: ROTATIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF PRODUCT CP RADICAL (2001)

In order to analyze the predissociation dynamics of HCP molecule, rotational distributions of the product, CP radical, generated from single rovibronic levels of the parent molecule were measured. The CP radical was detected with LIF method using a $B^{2}\\Sigma^{+} - X {^{2}\\Sigma^{+}}$ transition. The CP radical generation was observed above a dissociation threshold to $H(^{2}S) + CP(X {^{2}\\Sigma^{+}}) (D_{0} = 41662\\pm 2 cm^{-1})$. In the present study, the predissociation in a very small excess energy region $(\\leq 300 cm^{-1})$, i.e. just above the dissociation threshold, was carefully examined. Rotational distribution observed was compared with statistical one calculated by phase space theory. Two distinct types of rotational distributions were found; one of them exhibits non-statistical distribution while the other is statistical one expected by phase space theory. In the case that a vibronic energy of the initial level of HCP is less than or nearly equal to the dissociation energy, the CP radicals with large N levels $(N\\approx J)$ are preferrentially generated and a non-statistical distribution of the rotational levels is produced. On the other hand, when HCP is pumped to the initial levels in which the vibronic energy is dominant to the dissociation threshold, the rotational distribution becomes statistical one. It was found that the rotational distribution depends on the origin of the excess energy.
NOTA and NODAGA [<sup>99m</sup>Tc]Tc- and [<sup>186</sup>Re]Re-Tricarbonyl Complexes: Radiochemistry and First Example of a [<sup>99m</sup>Tc]Tc-NODAGA Somatostatin Receptor-Targeting Bioconjugate (2018)

With the long-term goal of developing theranostic agents for applications in nuclear medicine, in this work we evaluated the well-known NOTA and NODAGA chelators as bifunctional chelators (BFCs) for the [<sup>99m</sup>Tc/<sup>186</sup>Re]Tc/Re-tricarbonyl core. In particular, we report model complexes of the general formula fac-[M(L)(CO)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>+</sup> (M = Re, <sup>99m</sup>Tc, <sup>186</sup>Re) where L denotes NOTA-Pyr (1) or NODAGA-Pyr (2), which are derived from conjugation of NOTA/NODAGA with pyrrolidine (Pyr). Further, as proof-of-principle, we synthesized the peptide bioconjugate NODAGA-sst<sub>2</sub>-ANT (3) and explored its complexation with the fac-[Re(CO)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>+</sup> and fac-[<sup>99m</sup>Tc][Tc(CO)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>+</sup> cores; sst<sub>2</sub>-ANT denotes the somatostatin receptor (SSTR) antagonist 4-NO<sub>2</sub>-Phe-c(DCys-Tyr-DTrp-Lys-Thr-Cys)-DTyr-NH<sub>2</sub>. Rhenium complexes Re-1 through Re-3 were synthesized and characterized spectroscopically, and receptor binding affinity was demonstrated for Re-3 in SSTR-expressing cells (AR42J, IC<sub>50</sub> = 91 nM). Radiolabeled complexes [<sup>99m</sup>Tc]Tc/[<sup>186</sup>Re]Re-1/2 and [<sup>99m</sup>Tc]Tc-3 were prepared in high radiochemical yield (>90%, determined by radio-HPLC) by reacting [<sup>99m</sup>Tc]/[<sup>186</sup>Re][Tc/Re(OH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(CO)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>+</sup> with 1-3 and correlated well with the respective Re-1 through Re-3 standards in comparative HPLC studies. All radiotracers remained intact through 24 h (<sup>99m</sup>Tc-labeled complexes) or 48 h (<sup>186</sup>Re-labeled complexes) against 1 mM l-histidine and 1 mM l-cysteine (pH 7.4, 37 °C). Similarly, rat serum stability studies displayed no decomposition and low nonspecific binding of 9-24% through 4 h. Biodistribution of [<sup>99m</sup>Tc]Tc-3 in healthy CF-1 mice demonstrated a favorable pharmacokinetic profile. Rapid clearance was observed within 1 h post-injection, predominantly via the renal system (82% of the injected dose was excreted in urine by 1 h), with low kidney retention (% ID/g: 11 at 1 h, 5 at 4 h, and 1 at 24 h) and low nonspecific uptake in other organs/tissues. Our findings establish NOTA and NODAGA as outstanding BFCs for the fac-[M(CO)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>+</sup> core in the design and development of organometallic radiopharmaceuticals. Future in vivo studies of [<sup>99m</sup>Tc]Tc- and [<sup>186</sup>Re]Re-tricarbonyl complexes of NODAGA/NOTA-biomolecule conjugates will further probe the potential of these chelates for nuclear medicine applications in diagnostic imaging and targeted radiotherapy, respectively.
The fidelity of the retinotopic cortical map in amblyopia measured with BOLD-fMRI (2010)

Purposes: To study the locations of early visual areas in amblyopia and the fidelity of their retinotopic maps using fMRI. Methods: fMR images were acquired with a Siemens Sonata 1.5T. The stimuli consisted of abruptly randomly changing (8Hz) sharp-edged checkerboard stimuli of 80% contrast presented to either the normal or amblyopic eye of 11 amblyopic subjects and 6 normal controls. A phase-encoded design was used in which the attention of the subjects was controlled using a target detection task. All the known retinotopic visual areas were delineated by the normal and fellow amblyopic eye in V1 to V4. Correlation between the fixing eye boundaries and amblyopic eye boundaries as well as the boundaries between dominant and nondominant eyes in normal controls were compared. Distortion and variability in amblyopic eyes measured using a novel psychophysical mapping task were correlated to the phase variance in different cortical regions of our subject group. Results: Boundaries in amblyopic subjects defined in term of fMRI retinotopic mapping using fixing eye and amblyopic eye show differences compared with normal controls. This could not be explained simply by the reduced signal-to-noise ratio of the amblyopic cortex. We did not find a strong correlation between the larger phase variances typical of amblyopic visual areas and distortion or variability measured psychophysically. Conclusion: The fidelity of the retinotopic map is not as good in amblyopic eyes. Supported by CIHR grant MOP53346 to RFH.
Outcome of Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction of the Elbow in 1281 Athletes (2010)

Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction with subcutaneous ulnar nerve transposition was found to be effective in correcting valgus elbow instability in the overhead athlete and allowed most athletes (83%) to return to previous or higher level of competition in less than 1 year.
Pancreatic radiation effect in apoptosis-related rectal radiation toxicity (2018)

Pancreatic radiation effect (PRE) can be a component of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) radiotoxicity. This inter-organ correlation between the GIT and the pancreas was assessed through a rat model. Separate local irradiation to the abdomen and the pelvis was applied concurrently for 8-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats. Abdominal irradiation was categorized into pancreatic shield (PS) and non-pancreatic shield (NPS) irradiation. After 5 Gy and 15 Gy irradiation, the rectal mucosa was analyzed at the first week (early phase, Ep) and the 14th week (late phase, Lp). A slow gain in body weight was observed initially, particularly in the NPS group receiving a 15 Gy dose (P < 0.001). The large number of apoptotic bodies after 15 Gy at Ep decreased at Lp. At Ep for the 5-Gy group, the NPS group revealed more fibrotic change than the PS group (P = 0.002). Cleaved caspase-3 (CCP3) expression was greater at Lp, and the Ep-Lp increase was prominent in the NPS-15-Gy group (P = 0.010). At Lp, for 15 Gy irradiation, CCP3 was expressed more in the NPS group than in the PS group (P = 0.032). Despite no direct toxicity difference between the PS and NPS groups, small changes in parameters such as fibrosis or CCP3 expression suggest that pancreatic shielding does have an effect on the radiation response in the rectal mucosa, which suggests a need for a multi-organ effect-based approach in GIT radiotoxicity assessment.
Ranking scientists from the field of quantum game theory using p-index (2014)

The h-index is a very well known metric used to measure scientific throughput, but it also has well known limitations. In this paper we use a metric based on pagerank algorithm, which we call the p-index, to compare the performance of scientists. We use a real-world dataset to which we apply our analysis: a dataset of scientists from the field of quantum game theory. This dataset is cured by us for this study from Google Scholar. We show that whereas the popularly used h-index rewards authors who collaborate extensively and publish in higher volumes, the p-index rewards hardworking authors who contribute more to each paper they write, as well as authors who publish in high impact and well cited journals. As such, it could be argued that the p-index is a `fairer' metric of the productivity and impact of scientists. Of particular note is that the p-index does not use the so called `impact factors' of journals, the utility of which is debated ins scientific community. Rather, the p-index relies on the actual underlying citation network to measure the real impact of each paper. Furthermore, the p-index relies not only on the number of citations but also on the quality of citations of each paper. Using p-index, we highlight and compare the impact of real world scientists on the field of quantum game theory.
The Ene Reaction in the Chemistry of Low-Coordinate Phosphorus (1998)

The ene reaction belongs to one of the simplest and most versatile reaction categories in organic chemistry. Recently ene reactions involving compounds of low-coordinate phosphorus, phospha-ene reactions, have found wide application in the synthesis of different classes of organophosphorus compounds. For phospha-ene reactions, four main types are currently known which involve the employment of phosphaalkenes, iminophosphines and phosphaalkynes. Also included are retro-phospha-ene reactions, which reveal access to short-lived and highly reactive phosphaalkenes. The experimentally observed regiochemistry is in agreement with MO calculations, carried out on the simplest parent reactions of type I - IV.