gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stereocontrolled Alkylation of Chiral Pyridinium Salt Toward a Short Enantioselective Access to 2-Alkyl- and 2,6-Dialkyl-1,2,5,6-Tetrahydropyridines (2000)

Treatment of salts 1a-b with Grignard reagents gives, after reduction of the resulting unstable dihydropyridines 7, the tetrahydropyridines 8a-c, with modest selectivities but in very few steps and under practical conditions. Higher stereo- and regioselectivities are obtained with salt 1c which gives the tetrahydropyridines 15a-e. In addition, the dihydropyridine intermediates 11b cyclize to give the new oxazolidine derivatives 12a-e, which turn out to be good precursors of the 2,6-trans-disubstituted tetrahydropyridines 21a-e. Selective syntheses of (−)-lupetidin, (+)-solenopsin, and indolizidines (−)-5 and (−)-6 are presented as representative examples of applications.
Dynamics-based scalability of complex networks (2008)

We address the fundamental issue of network scalability in terms of dynamics and topology. In particular, we consider different network topologies and investigate, for every given topology, the dependence of certain dynamical properties on the network size. By focusing on network synchronizability, we find both analytically and numerically that globally coupled networks and random networks are scalable, but locally coupled regular networks are not. Scale-free networks are scalable for certain types of node dynamics. We expect our findings to provide insights into the ubiquity and workings of networks arising in nature and to be potentially useful for designing technological networks as well.
New Challenges in Combinatorial Polymer Research: 3<sup>rd</sup> DPI Workshop on Automated Synthesis and High‐Throughput Experimentation in Polymer and Materials Research at the Eindhoven University of Technology (2004)

Abstract Conference Reports: This section contains reports on topical conferences. Reports are usually written at the request of the editorial office, but unsolicited contributions are also welcome. Suggestions should be sent to the editorial office of the Macromolecular journals, preferably by E‐mail to macromol@wiley‐vch.de.
Unveiling the secrets of forgotten plants: Molecular networking-based phytochemical study of Geissospermum laeve (Vell.) Miers (2016)

The approaches for the detection of natural products have evolved into more sophisticated ones thanks to the benefits of the big data era. In that context, a dereplication technique, called molecular networking, has been exploited by our team to undertake the phytochemical study of Geissospermum laeve (Vell.) Miers, a South American plant belonging to the Apocynceae family [1]. Applying this approach we sought the identification and isolation of minor compounds presenting original chemical structures. The molecular networking is based on the acquisition of chromatographic and spectral data by HPLC-ESI-Q/TOF, which then is displayed in the form of molecular networks of MS/MS fragmentation [2]. The application to the ethanolic extract from the stems of the plant allowed the identification and subsequent isolation of three new molecules, with a particularly original novel skeleton within the broad class of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids. Their isolation, structural elucidation, cytotoxicity and antiplasmodial activities are presented in this communication.
Lucid Energy Inc. In-Conduit Hydropower. Final Research Performance Progress Report (2013)

With the goal of commercializing the LucidPipe Power System (LucidPipe) in late 2012, Lucid Energy performed much research and testing of turbines, particularly focusing on understanding and mitigating cavitation and improving performance, as well as to improve data acquisition, monitoring and control of the LucidPipe system. Lucid Energy developed a 24” version of the LucidPipe to complement the 42” system, which had been the primary focus up to that point. Lucid Energy replaced the prototype system in Riverside, California with a new system that included a bypass pipe in order to provide year-round access to the turbine, as well as replacing the temporary “trench box” in which it formerly resided with a poured concrete vault. This system was commissioned in January 2012 and has been operational since that time. This new system was the first LucidPipe version to utilize fiberglass composite blades with an improved blade profile and bolted end connections. Using the accelerated test methodology developed by the Fracture Mechanics and Materials Durability Laboratory at the University of Illinois, Lucid Energy evaluated various composite blade materials and coatings in order to select a material with optimum resistance to cavitation. Various other components have been designed, and Lucid Energy has worked with several suppliers to improve the capabilities of purchased components such as seals, bearings and mechanical brakes. These improvements were primarily to increase the robustness of the LucidPipe systems for use in commercial applications. Lucid Energy performed testing on series inline turbines at the Utah Water Research Laboratory Page 36 of 44 in order to evaluate the performance implications of installing LucidPipe systems consisting of multiple inline turbines in commercial applications. Lucid Energy is currently planning to install a commercial four-turbine, 42” system in Portland, Oregon in the first quarter of 2013 and a three-turbine 24” system at San Antonio Water System in San Antonio, Texas in the second quarter of 2013.
<i>K</i>-shell ionization by antiprotons (1987)

We present calculations for the impact-parameter dependence of K-shell ionization rates in p\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}-Cu and in p\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}-Ag collisions at various projectile energies. We show that the effect of the attractive Coulomb potential on the Rutherford trajectory and the antibinding effect caused by the negative charge of the antiproton result in a considerable increase of the ionization probability. Total ionization cross sections for proton and antiproton projectiles are compared with each other and with experimental ionization cross sections for protons.
A FURTHER NOTE ON HEPATO-LENTICULAR DEGENERATION (1926)

Journal Article A FURTHER NOTE ON HEPATO-LENTICULAR DEGENERATION Get access STANLEY BARNES, STANLEY BARNES Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar E. WESTON HURST E. WESTON HURST Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Brain, Volume 49, Issue 1, March 1926, Pages 36–60, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/49.1.36 Published: 01 March 1926
ChemInform Abstract: E‐ or Z‐Selective Wittig Reactions in the Synthesis of the Carbacyclin Iloprost. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
NMR study of heme pocket polarity/hydrophobicity of myoglobin using polypropionate-substituted hemins (1990)

The products of the reconstitution of sperm whale apomyoglobins with a series of synthetic hemins possessing a wide variety of substitution patterns for two and three propionates on the methyl-containing heme periphery were studied by NMR in the metaquo and metcyano derivatives to investigate the prospects for, and structural and thermodynamic consequences of, the location of propionates in the hydrophobic interior of the pocket. The orientations for the propionates for the various hemins were determined by the nuclear Overhauser effect in the metcyano complexes. In all but one case, a single, unique orientation was found for each hemin which resulted in the occupation by a propionate, in at least one case, in each of the possible eight heme pocket sites without disruption of the heme pocket structure. While propionate orientations into the protein interior were readily attainable, indicating a surprising polar pocket environment, these propionates exhibited extraordinarily elevated pks > 8 indicative of the highly hydrophobic contacts in the interior of the heme pocket. For propionates situated in the sites of the usual protohemin vinyl groups, we observe pH-modulated structural transitions involving deprotonation of the propionate that results in changes in the orientations of the hemins. The detection of saturation transfer between these alternate orientations identifies the interconversion mechanism as rotational “hopping” of the hemin about the intact iron-histidine bond. The thermodynamics of the carboxylate side chains and dynamics of isomer interconversion can serve as sensitive probes of heme pocket structure among both natural and synthetic myoglobin variants. © 1990, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Effects of Group Diversity on Group Creativity: Mediating Roles of Status Diff and Knowledge Sharing (2015)

Despite the prevailing discourses on the role of knowledge sharing in explaining the relationship between group diversity and group creativity, theoretical and empirical elaborations are still lacking. Based on the functional perspective of status hierarchy, we identify status differential among group members as a critical intervening process that explains the effects of group diversity on knowledge sharing and subsequent creativity of work groups. The current theoretical framework was tested using multi-source data collected from 104 work groups of Korean organizations. The present group-level analysis revealed that group diversity (i.e., age and gender diversity) significantly predicted status differential, which promoted knowledge sharing among group members that ultimately predicted group creativity. The results also demonstrated that power distance and collectivism of group members positively moderated the relationship between group diversity and status differential. Moreover, the effect of status differential on knowledge sharing was stronger under high task interdependence. This study provides a plausible theoretical account and empirical validation of a mechanism through which group diversity facilitates group creativity.
Gap junction-mediated intercellular diffusion of Ca2+ in cultured human corporal smooth muscle cells (1992)

Ratio imaging using the calcium-sensitive probe fura-2 was employed to study intracellular calcium concentrations and intercellular calcium flux through gap junctions in homogeneous vascular smooth muscle cell cultures derived from the human corpora cavernosa. Microinjection techniques demonstrated that fura-2 free acid was freely diffusible through gap junctions between cultured cells. The resting intracellular calcium level in fura-2-loaded cells was 176.9 +/- 10.5. A robust increase in intracellular calcium was seen in response to both phenylephrine and the calcium ionophore A23187. Microinjection of Ca2+ into individual smooth muscle cells always resulted in significant, although temporally delayed, increases in intracellular calcium levels in adjacent cells; this intercellular calcium flux was reversibly blocked by inhibition of gap junctional communication with 2 mM heptanol. However, although microinjection of D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] into individual smooth muscle cells always produced significant increases in intracellular calcium levels in the injected cell, the intercellular spread of Ca2+ in response to Ins(1,4,5)P3 was more variable than for Ca2+ injections. These studies demonstrate that Ca2+, and perhaps Ins(1,4,5)P3 as well, can diffuse between smooth muscle cells through gap junction channels.
Gender-specific distribution of mefloquine in the blood following the administration of therapeutic doses (2013)

Although plasma mefloquine concentrations in female healthy volunteers are considerably higher and the concentrations of the RBCs are initially lower compared to males, they do not seem to justify an adjustment of treatment guidelines for mefloquine in female Caucasian individuals.
Equilibrium sampling of polychlorinated biphenyls in River Elbe sediments – Linking bioaccumulation in fish to sediment contamination (2015)

Equilibrium sampling can be applied to measure freely dissolved concentrations (cfree) of hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs) that are considered effective concentrations for diffusive uptake and partitioning. It can also yield concentrations in lipids at thermodynamic equilibrium with the sediment (clip⇌sed) by multiplying concentrations in the equilibrium sampling polymer with lipid to polymer partition coefficients. We have applied silicone coated glass jars for equilibrium sampling of seven 'indicator' polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediment samples from ten locations along the River Elbe to measure cfree of PCBs and their clip⇌sed. For three sites, we then related clip⇌sed to lipid-normalized PCB concentrations (cbio,lip) that were determined independently by the German Environmental Specimen Bank in common bream, a fish species living in close contact with the sediment: (1) In all cases, cbio,lip were below clip⇌sed, (2) there was proportionality between the two parameters with high R(2) values (0.92-1.00) and (3) the slopes of the linear regressions were very similar between the three stations (0.297; 0.327; 0.390). These results confirm the close link between PCB bioaccumulation and the thermodynamic potential of sediment-associated HOCs for partitioning into lipids. This novel approach gives clearer and more consistent results compared to conventional approaches that are based on total concentrations in sediment and biota-sediment accumulation factors. We propose to apply equilibrium sampling for determining bioavailability and bioaccumulation potential of HOCs, since this technique can provide a thermodynamic basis for the risk assessment and management of contaminated sediments.
Motivation and Motor Control: Hemispheric Specialization for Approach Motivation Reverses with Handedness (2012)

Background: According to decades of research on affective motivation in the human brain, approach motivational states are supported primarily by the left hemisphere and avoidance states by the right hemisphere. The underlying cause of this specialization, however, has remained unknown. Here we conducted a first test of the Sword and Shield Hypothesis (SSH), according to which the hemispheric laterality of affective motivation depends on the laterality of motor control for the dominant hand (i.e., the 'sword hand,’ used preferentially to perform approach actions) and the non-dominant hand (i.e., the ‘‘shield hand,’’ used preferentially to perform avoidance actions).Methodology/Principal Findings: To determine whether the laterality of approach motivation varies with handedness, we measured alpha-band power (an inverse index of neural activity) in right- and left-handers during resting-state electroencephalography and analyzed hemispheric alpha-power asymmetries as a function of the participants’ trait approach motivational tendencies. Stronger approach motivation was associated with more left-hemisphere activity in right-handers, but with more right-hemisphere activity in left-handers.Conclusions: The hemispheric correlates of approach motivation reversed between right- and left-handers, consistent with the way they typically use their dominant and non-dominant hands to perform approach and avoidance actions. In both right- and left-handers, approach motivation was lateralized to the same hemisphere that controls the dominant hand. This covariation between neural systems for action and emotion provides initial support for the SSH.
Static State Hemodynamic Variables Estimation Model for the Moving-Actuator Type Total Artificial Heart Part. I - Cardiac Output Estimation (1999)

Aortic pressure (AoP) estimation is a very important study for the artificial heart. In this paper, we developed a AoP estimation model for the moving-actuator type total artificial heart (MH-TAH) that was being developed at Seoul National University Hospital. The proposed model is simple and provides beat-by-beat mean AoP estimation. Moreover, it uses non-invasively acquired signals. Model parameters were adjusted with in vitro data by least mean square (LMS) algorithm. Results showed that the proposed scheme gives a mean estimation error of about 8 (mmHg). This ensures the suitability of the proposed model. The proposed approach can also be applied to the model setup of pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) estimation by using the symmetric characteristics between AoP and PAP.
Selectivity of Potentially Hexadentate Amine Phenols for Ga<sup>3+</sup> and In<sup>3+</sup> in Aqueous Solution<sup>,</sup> (1996)

A new series of linear N4O2 amine phenols (H2badd, H2Brbadd, and H2Clbadd) based on N,N‘-bis(3-aminopropyl)ethylenediamine (tnentn) were prepared and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. Monocationic hexadentate metal complexes with the tnentn-based amine phenols were obtained from the reactions of Ga3+ and In3+ with the linear amine phenol in the presence of a weak base (acetate). The molecular structure of [Ga(Brbadd)]ClO4 has been determined by X-ray crystallography; crystals of [Ga(Brbadd)][ClO4] (C22H30Br2ClGaN4O6) are orthorhombic: a = 12.462(1) Å, b = 21.835(2) Å, c = 9.961(2) Å, Z = 4, space group P212121. The structure was solved by the Patterson method and was refined by full-matrix least-squares procedures to R = 0.031 (Rw = 0.029) for 1924 reflections with I ≥ 3σ(I). The Ga3+ ion is coordinated in a distorted octahedral geometry by an N4O2 donor atom set. The four nitrogen atoms of the tetraamine backbone form the equatorial plane of the octahedron, and the two phenolate oxygen atoms are coordinated trans to each other. Water-soluble 1,10-bis(2-hydroxy-5-sulfonylbenzyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazadecane (H6Sbad2+), 1,12-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl-5-sulfonylbenzyl)-1,5,8,12-tetraazadodecane (H6Sbadd2+), and N,N‘-bis-(2-hydroxy-5-sulfonylbenzyl)-N,N‘-bis(2-methylpyridyl)ethylenediamine (H6Sbbpen2+) were also prepared and characterized; potentiometric titrations of these three ligands, in the absence and presence of Ga3+ and In3+, were performed to determine deprotonation constants of the ligands and the thermodynamic stabilities of Ga and In amine phenol complexes. The formation constants of the Ga3+ and In3+ complexes with Sbad4- (Ga3+, log β = 28.33(8); In3+, log β = 24.54(2)), Sbadd4- (Ga3+, log β = 28.27(5); In3+, log β = 24.56 (5)), and Sbbpen4- (Ga3+, log β = 35.33(8); In3+, log β = 34.85(5)) were obtained. All six of the Ga and In hexadentate amine phenol complexes were found to be very stable in aqueous solution. With the exception of [In(Sbadd)]-, all the complexes were calculated to be thermodynamically stable with respect to demetalation by transferrin at physiological pH. The linear amine phenols showed a selectivity for Ga3+ over In3+, while the Sbbpen4- derivative was indiscriminate in binding the Ga3+ and In3+ ions.
A metastable helium magnetometer for observing small geomagnetic fluctuations (1961)

A metastable helium magnetometer using the principle of optical pumping has been constructed. The operating principles of the device are discussed together with some of the design considerations. The application of the magnetometer to the direct recording of variations in the magnitude of the earth's magnetic field in the milligamma range is presented. Records of the commencement and ending of a magnetic storm are shown.
Lift Jet Installational Experience (1966)

A review of some of the progress made in lift jet installations is presented in this paper. At the heart of it all is the low cost lightweight RB162 second generation lift jet which is simple and makes extensive use of glass reinforced plastics. Examples of plastic components are shown. The higher thrust/weight and thrust/volume ratio of a third generation lift jet are revealed. The weight of installed features is of comparable importance to the weight of the basic engine. Installed weight has been reduced over three lift jet generations, more than keeping pace with the improvements in basic engine thrust/weight ratio. Weight breakdowns are given for the V.T.O.L. equipment in a fighter‐type aircraft representative of all three generations. Progress on lift intake and exhaust jet deflectors is shown with reference to specific examples. Ground erosion is briefly discussed and shown to be greatly reduced by multiple nozzles and the rolling take‐off technique. Progress being made on some of the problems associated with installing eight lift jets in a V.T.O.L. strike aircraft is briefly discussed with reference to maintenance and instrumentation.
Structure of a tetrahedral niobium oxo compound [Nb(OC6H3Ph2-2,6)3(O)] (1992)

Cristallisation dans P2 1 2 1 2 1 avec a = 10,704, b = 19,562 et c = 19,823 A, Z = 4; affinement jusqu'a R = 0,054. Geometrie tetraedrique autour de Nb.
Plasma heating with multi-MeV neutral impurity beams (1981)

The utility of neutral beams of A greater than or equal to 6 AMU formed from negative ions, accelerated to approx. 1 MeV/AMU and neutralized, is explored for heating toroidally confined plasmas. Such beams offer the promise of significant advantages relative to conventional neutral beams based upon positive or negative hydrogen ions at 100 to 200 keV/AMU.
Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Polysubstituted Pyridines from β-Sulfonylvinylamines via 1-Aza-Allyl Anion Intermediates (2011)

A modular synthesis of highly functionalized unsymmetrical pyridines has been developed from reacting β-sulfonylvinylamines with α,β-unsaturated systems in the presence of base via the formation of 1-aza-allyl anion intermediates.
Expression of three genes for elongation factor 1 alpha during morphogenesis of Mucor racemosus. (1987)

Three genes, TEF-1, -2, and -3, encode elongation factor 1 alpha in Mucor racemosus. Neutral and alkaline S1 nuclease analyses revealed that the genetic organization is unique for each of the genes. The number and size of the intervening sequences vary in these closely related genes, which suggests that complex genetic rearrangements gave rise to the elongation factor 1 alpha gene family. Nucleotide sequence data from restriction fragments isolated from the 5' and 3' ends of TEF-2 and -3 confirmed the presence of a second intervening sequence in these genes. These data along with S1 nuclease mapping revealed a region at the 3' end of the three genes which was predicted to be transcribed but untranslated. Unique oligonucleotides containing 19 bases were synthesized to hybridize to this unique trailer region in the elongation factor 1 alpha transcripts. These oligonucleotides were used as probes in standard Northern analysis of RNA purified from M. racemosus cells of several morphological types. It was determined that all three genes were expressed in the cell morphological types studied. However, the accumulated level of transcript derived from each gene varied considerably, with TEF-1 mRNA present in approximately twofold greater quantity than the TEF-3 transcript and up to sixfold greater quantity than TEF-2. The level of TEF-1 and -2 mRNA varied little among the cell morphological types studied, whereas TEF-3 mRNA was present in twofold greater quantity in sporangiospores than in either germlings or yeast cells which had been induced to undergo morphogenesis to hyphae. These data suggest that there is differential expression of the genes encoding elongation factor 1 alpha in M. racemosus. At least one gene, TEF-3, shows a morphology-specific pattern of transcript accumulation.
Femtosecond Pulse Shaping and Applications (1988)

Due to continued progress in modelocked laser and pulse compression technology, optical pulses as short as six femtoseconds can now be generated [1].