gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxygen transport in unreduced, reduced and Rh<scp>(iii)</scp>-doped CeO<sub>2</sub>nanocrystals (2006)

Ceria, CeO2, based materials are a major (active) component of exhaust catalysts and promising candidates for solid oxide fuel cells. In this capacity, oxygen transport through the material is pivotal. Here, we explore whether oxygen transport is influenced (desirably increased) compared with transport within the bulk parent material by traversing to the nanoscale. In particular, atomistic models for ceria nanocrystals, including perfect: CeO2; reduced: CeO1.95 and doped: Rh0.1Ce0.9O1.95, have been generated. The nanocrystals were about 8 nm in diameter and each comprised about 16,000 atoms. Oxygen transport can also be influenced, sometimes profoundly, by microstructural features such as dislocations and grain-boundaries. However, these are difficult to generate within an atomistic model using, for example, symmetry operations. Accordingly, we crystallised the nanocrystals from an amorphous precursor, which facilitated the evolution of a variety of microstructures including: twin-boundaries and more general grain-boundaries and grain-junctions, dislocations and epitaxy, isolated and associated point defects. The shapes of the nanocrystals are in accord with HRTEM data and comprise octahedral morphologies with {111} surfaces, truncated by (dipolar) {100} surfaces together with a complex array of steps, edges and corners. Oxygen transport data was then calculated using these models and compared with data calculated previously for CeO1.97/ YSZ thin films and the (bulk) parent material, CeO197. Oxygen transport was calculated to increase in the order: CeO2 nanocrystal < (reduced) CeO1.95 nanocrystal approximately Rh0.1Ce0.9O1.95 nanocrystal < CeO1.97/YSZ thin film < (reduced) CeO1.97 (bulk) parent material; the mechanism was determined to be primarily vacancy driven. Our findings indicate that reducing one- (thin film) or especially three- (nanocrystal) dimensions to the nanoscale may prove deleterious to oxygen transport. Conversely, we observed dynamic evolution and annihilation of surface vacancies via surface oxygens migrating to the bulk of the nanocrystal; the vacancies left are then filled by other oxygens moving to the surface. Coupled with previous simulation studies, in which we calculated that oxygen extraction from the surface of a ceria nanocrystal was energetically easier compared with the bulk surface, our calculations predict that ceria nanocrystals would facilitate effective oxidative catalysis. This study describes framework simulation procedures, which can be used in partnership with experiment, to explore transport in nanocrystalline ionic systems, which include complex microstructures. Such data can provide predictions for experiment or help reduce the number of experiments required.
Fish Physiology Environmental Physiology of Fishes M. A. Ali (1983)

Journal Article Fish Physiology Get access Environmental Physiology of Fishes, edited by Ali M. A.. Plenum, NY, 1980, 723 p., illus., $69.50 (80-22156). Lynwood S. Smith Lynwood S. Smith Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BioScience, Volume 33, Issue 6, June 1983, Page 400, https://doi.org/10.2307/1309127 Published: 01 June 1983
Self-Cleaning Antireflective Coatings Assembled from Peculiar Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (2010)

Novel mesoporous silica nanoparticles of peculiar shapes were synthesized, from which hierarchically porous silica coatings were fabricated on glass substrates via layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly, followed by calcination. These porous silica coatings were highly transparent and superhydrophilic. The maximum transmittance reached as high as 94%, whereas that of the glass substrate is 91%. The time for a droplet to spread lower than 5 degrees decreased to as short as 0.25 s. After the coating surface was treated with a low surface energy material, the surface became superhydrophobic (water contract angle >150 degrees) with a very low sliding angle of <1 degree. Compared with MCM-41-type mesoporous silica nanoparticles, the coatings fabricated using the novel mesoporous silica nanoparticles possess much better self-cleaning property. We used scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy to observe the morphology and structure of nanoparticles and surfaces. Transmission spectra and their change with time were characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometer. We studied the surface wettability by a contact angle/interface system. The influence of mesopores on the transmittance and wetting properties of coatings was discussed on the basis of experimental observations.
Palladium catalyzed intermolecular hydroamination of 1-substituted allenes: an atom-economical method for the synthesis of N-allylamines (2013)

The palladium complex [(3IPtBu)Pd(allyl)]OTf previously displayed excellent catalytic activity for the hydroamination of 1,1-dimethylallene with anilines, selectively producing the branched substituted allylamine product (kinetic product) in high conversion. In the current report, the scope of this hydroamination reaction has been expanded to include both alkyl amines and anilines in combination with an array of seven alkyl and aryl allenes. For the majority of amines investigated, the hydroamination of 1,1-dimethylallene, cyclohexylallene, benzylallene, and select aryl allenes with alkyl amines gave the branched substituted allylamine product in nearly quantitative conversion at ambient temperature in less than 1 hour. In contrast, anilines displayed a more limited reaction scope and yielded the linear hydroamination product (thermodynamic product) with all allenes other than 1,1-dimethylallene. Both branched and linear products could be formed selectively in the hydroamination of p-fluorophenylallene with alkyl amines through careful control of [(3IPtBu)Pd(allyl)]OTf catalyst loading and reaction duration. Overall, the branched allylamines produced are useful synthetic intermediates due to their available unsaturated vinyl group, while the linear allylamine products are chemically similar to a class of known pharmaceuticals.
Culture Does Matter for Female Elders' Responses to Age Segmentation Cue (ASC) of Ads (2016)

This comparative study examines the influence of the elderly's perception of subject age and self-concept on their responsiveness to age segmentation cues. It also investigates a possible difference between American and Korean elders, based on labeling theory and social and cultural differences, by using a quasiexperimental design with two print advertisements, one with ASCs and the other without ASCs. The findings show the commonalities between the American and Korean female elderly: the perception of self-concept which is affected by educational level and religion; and self-concept which influences response to ASCs. The differences in their responses between two countries are identified in the selection of two advertisements concerning demographics: self-concept of the Korean female elderly less positive than that of the American; the responses to ASCs influenced by chronological age, education level, income, and religion. Overall, the senior members respond less positive to ASCs and their perception of subjective and self-concept influences responsiveness to ASCs.
Case 18-2010 (2010)

A 7-year-old boy was seen for treatment of infection with HIV-1. When he was 3 years of age, pulmonary tuberculosis was diagnosed, and at 5 years of age, a diagnosis of HIV-1 infection was made. Despite 19 months of therapy, viremia persisted. A diagnostic test was performed, and a management decision was made.
Performance characterization of vector sigma-delta modulation (2002)

The paper derives the idea of vector sigma-delta modulation (SDM) based on distortion minimization premises. It gives basic characterization of this modulation, along with comparisons with alternative SDM structures and space-vector PWM. The results obtained thus far show that the vector SDM definitely outperforms the other SDMs, while also providing an interesting alternative to the PWM, particularly for higher modulation indices. A DSP implementation of a vector SDM is also discussed, and sample test results are provided obtained in a simple inverter-fed induction motor drive.
Autoantibody Production in Cancer—The Humoral Immune Response toward Autologous Antigens in Cancer Patients (2016)

A link between autoimmune responses and cancer via autoantibodies was first described in the 1950s. Since, autoantibodies have been studied for their potential use as cancer biomarkers, however the exact causes of their production remain to be elucidated. This review summarizes current theories of the causes of autoantibody production in cancer, namely: 1) defects in tolerance and inflammation, 2) changes in protein expression levels, 3) altered protein structure, and 4) cellular death mechanisms. We also highlight the need for further research into this field to improve our understanding of autoantibodies as biomarkers for cancer development and progression.
Flujos migratorios hacia Europa: actualidad y perspectivas (2002)

De los 376 millones de habitantes que en 2000 registraba Eurostat como residentes en los quince países de la Unión Europea, aproximadamente 18,5 tenían nacionalidad extranjera, lo que representaba el 5% del total, entre ellos 13 millones eran de nacionalidad de países extracomunitarios, ascendiendo el porcentaje al 3,5% del total, a esos datos se debería añadir una bolsa de inmigrantes no contabilizados de difícil estimación, pero que en todo caso en conjunto no rebasaría el 7% de la población residente en la Unión. Dicha población de nacionalidad extranjera se ha incrementado notablemente durante la década de los noventa a consecuencia de la aceleración de los flujos migratorios destinados a Europa, con alrededor de 700 mil de entradas anuales (Eurostat, 2000)
A 2.4-GHz fractional-N PLL with a PFD/CP linearization and an improved CP circuit (2008)

this paper reports a PFD/CP linearization technique and a new charge pump circuit to enhance the performance of a delta-sigma (ΔΣ) fractional-N PLL. The proposed method improves the PLL linearity by forcing the PFD/CP to operate in a linear part of its transfer characteristic; while the CP circuit minimizes the current mismatch between the up and down currents by feedback. These circuit techniques are employed in the design of a 2.4-GHz ΔΣ fractional-N PLL. This chip has been fabricated in the TSMC 0.18-μm CMOS process. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed techniques considerably improve the fractional-N PLL performance. This fully-integrated PLL dissipate 22 mW under a 1.8-V supply.
The impact of data dependence analysis on compilation and program parallelization (2003)

Optimizing compilers rely upon program analysis techniques to detect data dependences between program statements. Data dependence information captures the essential ordering constraints of the statements in a program that need to be preserved in order to produce valid optimized and parallel code. Data dependence testing is very important for automatic parallelization, vectorization and any other code transformation. In this paper we examine the impact of data dependence analysis in practice. A number of data dependence tests have been proposed in the literature. In each test there are different tradeoffs between accuracy and efficiency. We present an experimental evaluation of several data dependence tests, including the Banerjee test, the I-Test and the Omega test. We compare these tests in terms of data dependence accuracy, compilation efficiency, effectiveness in parallelization and program execution performance. We analyze the reasons why a data dependence test can be inexact and we explain how the examined tests handle such cases. We run various experiments using the Perfect Club Benchmarks and the scientific library Lapack. We present the measured accuracy of each test and the reasons for any approximation. We compare these tests in terms of efficiency and we analyze the tradeoffs between accuracy and efficiency. We also determine the impact of each data dependence test on the total compilation time. Finally, we measure the number of loops parallelized by each test and we compare the execution performance of each benchmark on a multiprocessor. Our results indicate that the Omega test is more accurate, but also very inefficient in the cases where the other two tests are inaccurate. In general the cost of the Omega test is high and a significant percentage of the total compilation time. Furthermore, the difference in accuracy of the Omega test over the Banerjee test and the I-Test does not improve parallelization and program execution performance.
Synthesis and Stabilization of Monodisperse Fe Nanoparticles (2006)

Monodisperse Fe nanoparticles are synthesized via a simple one-pot thermal decomposition of Fe(CO)5 in the presence of oleylamine. Controlled oxidation of the iron surface leads to crystalline Fe3O4 shell and results in dramatic increase of chemical and dispersion stability of the nanoparticles. Surface ligand exchange is readily applied to transfer the core/shell nanoparticles from hydrophobic to hydrophilic, and a stable aqueous nanoparticle dispersion in PBS is formed. The functionalized nanoparticles are suitable for biomolecule attachment and biomedical applications.
Visual Similarity Based Anti-phishing with the Combination of Local and Global Features (2014)

Phishing uses a fake Web page to steal personal sensitive information such as credit card numbers and passwords. Generally, the fake Web page is visually similar to the legitimate target Web page. The phishers can obtain financial benefits through these information. Anti-phishing is very important for a variety of applications such as phishing attacks, online transaction security, and user privacy protection. In this paper, we propose a novel and effective visual similarity based phishing detection approach that compares the snapshot image pair of the suspected Web page and the protected Web page. The proposed approach is based on the key insight that both the local and the global features of the Web page image can be used to represent the visual characteristics of the Web page together. This approach is purely on the image level, and thus can effectively deal with the non-text phishing tricks including images or Flashes objects in the HTML contents. For the local feature, the existence of the target logo is detected. For the global feature, the similarity of the visible part of the Web page is considered. We implemented and evaluated the proposed approach on a large scale dataset consisting of 2,129 real world phishing Web pages and 1,367 irrelevant legitimate Web pages. The experimental results show that the proposed approach can achieve over 90.00% true positive rate and 97.00% true negative rate. Our approach has been applied in the anti-phishing project of a major Internet Service Provider and gives a periodical reports to the potential users.
E4BP4 facilitates glucocorticoid-evoked apoptosis of human leukemic CEM cells via upregulation of Bim (2011)

Data presented here suggest that GC-mediated upregulation of E4BP4 facilitates Bim upregulation and apoptosis of CEM cells. Since the Bim promoter does not contain any consensus GRE or EBPRE sequences, induction of Bim may be a secondary response.
Self-consistent solutions for allowed interconnect current density. II. Application to design guidelines (1997)

We apply the newly developed approach for obtaining self-consistent solutions of the maximum allowed interconnect peak current density as a function of duty cycle, which simultaneously comprehends both electromigration and Joule heating. We demonstrate how to generalize this approach for arbitrary time-varying current density waveforms by introducing an effective duty cycle. We find that bipolar stressing is not always more optimistic than unipolar stressing, depending on the duty cycle. We illustrate worst-case intralevel interactions for multiple leads in a single-level metal system, and show that an effective duty cycle which depends on individual width ratios and duty cycles can be used to determine these worst-case solutions. We also study interlevel interactions in a multilevel metal system. Intralevel and interlevel interactions can cause marked reduction in the maximum allowed peak current density in a lead compared to an equivalent isolated lead, most strongly when its duty cycle is large and the duty cycles of the other interacting leads are small. Complexities due to waveshapes and interactions as described here, coupled with the complexities of real circuit layout and operation, motivate the need for sophisticated circuit simulators which can accurately determine electromigration reliability while self-consistently comprehending Joule heating.
Determination of the Carnosic Acid Content in Wild and Cultivated <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> (1998)

The concentration of carnosic acid in a representative selection of leaves from wild and cultivated populations of Rosmarinus officinalis was determined by reversed-phase HPLC following extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide. Different sources of variability including season, genetics, leaf age, and growing origin (wild or cultivated) were considered. Variability in the carnosic acid content among rosemary leaves appears to be largely due to seasonal and environmental factors, in addition to their individual origin (genetics). The results reveal excellent correlation (r = 0.93) between the carnosic acid concentration and photoperiod. The results presented can be used to improve the selection of raw materials for the extraction of carnosic acid from rosemary. Keywords: Rosmarinus officinalis; carnosic acid; antioxidant; supercritical fluid extraction
Dehydroascorbate reduction in plant mitochondria is coupled to the respiratory electron transfer chain (2006)

The reduction of dehydroascorbate (DHA) was investigated in plant mitochondria. Mitochondria isolated from Bright Yellow‐2 tobacco cells were incubated with 1 m M of DHA, and the ascorbate generation was followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Mitochondria showed clear ability to reduce DHA and to maintain a significant level of ascorbate. Ascorbate generation could be stimulated by the respiratory substrate succinate. The complex I substrate malate and the complex I inhibitor rotenone had no effect on the ascorbate generation from DHA. Similarly, the complex III inhibitor antimycin A, the alternative oxidase inhibitor salicylhydroxamic acid, and the uncoupling agent 2,4‐dinitrophenol were ineffective on mitochondrial ascorbate generation both in the absence and in the presence of succinate. However, the competitive succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor malonate almost completely abolished the succinate‐dependent increase in ascorbate production. The complex IV inhibitor KCN strongly stimulated ascorbate accumulation. These results together suggest that the mitochondrial respiratory chain of plant cells – presumably complex II – plays important role in the regeneration of ascorbate from its oxidized form, DHA.
Performance comparison of Intelligent Jamming in RF (Physical) Layer with WLAN Ethernet Router and WLAN Ethernet Bridge (2010)

The very nature of Radio Frequency (RF) technology makes Wireless LANs (WLANs) open to a variety of unique attacks. Most of these RF-related attacks begin as exploits of Layer 1 (Physical — PHY) & Layer 2 (Media Access Control — MAC) of the 802.11 specification, and then build into a wide array of more advanced assaults, including Denial of Service (DOS) attacks. In Intelligent Jamming the jammer jammed physical layer of WLAN by generating continuous high power noise in the vicinity of wireless receiver nodes. In this paper, we study the threats in an Intelligent jamming Comparison with WLAN Ethernet Router and WLAN Ethernet Bridge and the security goals to be achieved. We present and examine analytical simulation results for the throughput for different scenario performance, using the well-known network simulator OPNET 10.0 and OPNET Modeler 14.5 for WiMAX Performance. IEEE 802.11b has two different DCF modes: basic CSMA/CA and RTS/CTS. Intelligent jamming, which jams with the knowledge of the protocol, the jamming describe in our paper is based on the basis of Fake AP Jamming. When we have applied same concept in WiMAX system under the influence of jamming we have received same effect of router performance.
Residual stresses in austenitic/ ferritic transition joints fabricated with austenitic weld metal (1984)

The residual stresses existing in a series of heavy-section dissimilar joints of the English Electrzc Mk III design have been measured at room temperature in both the as-welded state and after times.of up to 65 000 h at 565°C. The results are examined in terms of the possible mechanzsms contrzbutmg to the measured stress distributions and the effect of time at operating temperature on their magnitude.
Molecular and cytogenetic investigation of Y chromosome deletions over three generations facilitated by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (2007)

Cytogenetic analysis was misleading in identifying the Yq breakpoint. Infertility observed in the patient was associated with the gr/gr partial deletion. However, because of the incomplete penetrance of gr/gr deletions, the consequence of the vertical transmission of the deletion through ICSI remains unknown.
Dynamic Interplay among Tectonics, Sedimentation, and Petroleum Systems (2013)

Abstract In the past few decades, the petroleum industry has seen great exploration successes in petroliferous sedimentary basins worldwide; however, the net volume of hydrocarbons discovered each year has been declining since the late 1970s, and the number of new field discoveries per year has dropped since the early 1990s. We are finding hydrocarbons in more difficult places and in more subtle traps. Although geophysical and engineering technologies are crucial to much of the exploration success, fundamentally, the success is dependent on innovative play concepts associated with spatial and temporal relationships among deformation, deposition, and hydrocarbon accumulation. Unraveling the dynamic interplay among tectonics, sedimentation, and petroleum systems in the subsurface is a challenge and relies on an integrated approach that combines seismic imaging, well logging, physical and/or computational modeling, as well as outcrop analogs. In recent decades, an increasing coverage of high-quality three-dimensional (3-D) seismic data, along with state-of-the-art 3-D visualization technologies, extensive well tests, sophisticated modeling capabilities, and field (outcrop) analogs, has significantly added to our understanding of subsurface complexities in structure, stratigraphy, and petroleum systems. This volume is intended to provide a snapshot of the most recent advances in petroleum exploration by presenting state-of-the-art reviews and overviews, current case studies, and the latest modeling results. The reviews and overviews offer the current status of knowledge in extensional, strike-slip, and contractional tectonic settings, as well as their influence on sedimentation and hydrocarbon accumulation. The case studies cover diverse geologic settings, with special reference to the most prolific high-profile frontier sedimentary basins, suchas those in west Africa, east Africa, east Brazil, Gulf of Mexico, South China Sea, Russian Arctic, and the Mediterranean Sea. The models provide both numerical and physical simulations of basin structures as well as their spatial variation and temporal evolution in response to different tectonic processes. The objective of this volume is to contribute toward an enhanced understanding of the spatial and temporal relationships among tectonics of different structural styles, syntectonic sedimentation, and hydrocarbon accumulation. Achieving this objective is the key to overcoming the challenges that we face in the exploration for hydrocarbons in complex reservoirs, subtle traps, and in increasingly difficult places at a time of growing global demand for energy.