gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transesophageal Atrial Pacing—Stimulation and Discomfort Thresholds: The Role of Electrode Configuration and Pulse Width (1991)

A balloon catheter with six electrodes has been developed for transesophageal atrial stimulation of the human heart. Introduction is easy and its positioning is simple with the help of six unipolar atrial electrograms. In a group of 20 healthy volunteers, stimulation and discomfort thresholds (intolerable discomfort) were measured for three levels of pulse widths (12, 16, and 20 msec) and for five electrode configurations. Stimulation thresholds were below discomfort thresholds in each case. The stimulation threshold depended on pulse width and not on electrode configuration. The discomfort threshold, however, depended on the electrode configuration and not on the pulse width. A moderate but potentially important increase of the ratio between stimulation threshold and discomfort threshold could be achieved by combining a long pulse width (20 msec) and avoiding the largest distance between the active (cathode) and the passive (anode) electrode. Transesophageal atrial stimulation promises to be a practical noninvasive tool for the termination of regular supraventricular tachycardias, basal electrophysiological studies, and controlled acceleration of the heart rate in the study of myocardial ischemia.
Out-of-Band Authentication Model with Hashcash Brute-Force Prevention (2014)

Successful out-of-band authentication in popular languages such as PHP has proven to be problematic and in many ways unsafe as dynamically typed languages allow for more than one ways of doing things, and the standards set out are usually not followed. It is true that out-of-band authentication using SMS messaging enhances the security of simple passwords specified by users, however many times the handling of the One-Time-Passwords (OTP) on the server side is done with disregard of the ways an attacker can bypass the requirement for such a feature. It is therefore essential to find ways which the OTP cannot be brute-forced or circumvented, by providing mechanisms such as automatic purging of OTPs from the database and enhancing the safety of the server traffic handling as well as the HTTP form submission requests and responses with a library known as Hash cash. By using this method, a potential attacker would be met by a time-consuming challenge, which would leave any sort of brute-force, denial of service or requirement circumvention attacks impractical for gaining access to a PHP login system. Furthermore, the usage of Hash cash for credential retransmission and re-authentication for vital aspects of the user's workflow while authenticated, make such as system much more impenetrable than using simple out-of-band or other two-factor authentication schemes.
A survey of adaptive layered video multicast using MPEG-2 streams (2005)

Abstract—Adaptive Layered Video Multicast is a combination of layered video encoding and layered multicast. The layered video encoding method encodes (or transcodes) a video stream into multiple layers of data. With the layered multicast mechanism, these layers are transmitted over the network, automatically adapting to changes in the available channel resources, such as bandwidth, latency, or error rate. We present an overview over this technology, and some possible methods of using a pre-existing MPEG-2 bitstream with this transmission scheme. These methods do not require to fully decode and re-encode the bitstream, which results in considerably faster and less resource-intensive processing.
A mechanical shutter for light using piezoelectric actuators (2000)

The design and performance of a mechanical shutter for laser light based on low voltage piezoelectric transducers is described. By focusing the beam through a pair of piezo-mounted slits, a transmission of 80%, a switching time of 10 μs, and an extinction ratio of 300:1 are obtained.
A Survey of Compounds from the Antiradiation Drug Development Program of the U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command (1979)

Female mice of the Walter Reed Bagg Swiss or Inbred Charles River (ICR) strains, 5-6 weeks old and weighing 21-25g, were randomly assigned to treatment groups. An estimation of the toxicity of each compound to be tested for antiradiation activity, i.e., a determination of the approximate LD50 (ALD 50), was obtained in separate experiments prior to irradiation. Toxicity estimations were based upon animal survival over a ten-day observation period following intraperitoneal or oral administration of each agent in graded doses using 10 mice at each dose level. Adverse symptomatology was noted and, in addition, each mouse was subjected to a post mortem examination. The highest dose of each compound administered for antiradiation testing was about two thirds of the ALD50 unless a lower dose was indicated by adverse symptomatology or pathologic changes; the selected doses of each compound were administered 15- 30 minutes before exposure to lethal whole body irradiation. Mortality was tabulated for a 30-day period for each individual animal and all data computerized. Under our conditions, approximately 800r x-ray and 1000r Co-60 gamma irradiation were equally lethal (LD-10030), all control animals dying between the tenth and twenty-first days following exposure.
Oxidation of substituted hydroquinone monoalkyl ethers to p-benzoquinone monoketals (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidation of substituted hydroquinone monoalkyl ethers to p-benzoquinone monoketalsGeorge Buchi, Ping-Sun Chu, Angela Hoppmann, Ching-Pong Mak, and Andrew PearceCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 20, 3983–3985Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00414a047https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00414a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views291Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sorption of sulfur dioxide on metal oxides in a fluidized bed (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSorption of sulfur dioxide on metal oxides in a fluidized bedBekir Zuhtu Uysal, Inci Aksahin, and Hayrettin YucelCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1988, 27, 3, 434–439Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1988https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00075a012RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views222Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (606 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Publishing a document set simultaneously on paper, CD-ROM, and the Web (2002)

Our publications process starts with one set of files that we convert into different formats and publish in different media (paper, CD-ROM and the Web). Planners of such projects must address these issues: the CD-ROM reader to display the files, the hardware and software tools used in each phase of the project, the extent of hyperlinking and the tools to insert the links, graphical formats, platforms targeted by the CD, whether to publish PDF or HTML files on the Web, and HTML conversion tools. Careful planning can result in a publications process that is coherent, efficient, time-saving and cost-effective.
Impact of Size, Histology, and Gender on Stage IA Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (2004)

The aim of this study was to assess which prognostic factors could influence survival in surgically treated stage IA non-small cell lung cancer. The records of 224 consecutive patients with pathological stage IA after radical surgery were reviewed retrospectively. Overall 1, 3 and 5-year survival rates were 89%, 76%, and 66%. Nearly half of the deaths were unrelated to the original cancer. There was no difference in survival attributable to preoperative pulmonary function, age at operation, or extent of resection. However, patients with limited resections had a higher rate of local recurrence. Survival was better with a smaller size of tumor (= 2 cm), in the female sex, and in cases of bronchoalveolar adenocarcinoma.
Assessing Undiscovered Resources of the Barnett-Paleozoic Total Petroleum System, Bend Arch - Fort Worth Basin Province, Texas (2003)

Organic-rich Barnett Shale (Mississippian-Pennsylvanian) is the primary source rock for oil and gas that is produced from Paleozoic reservoir rocks in the Bend Arch–Fort Worth Basin Province. Areal distribution and geochemical typing of hydrocarbons in this mature petroleum province indicates generation and expulsion from the Barnett at a depocenter coincident with a paleoaxis of the Fort Worth Basin. Barnett-sourced hydrocarbons migrated westward into reservoir rocks of the Bend Arch and Eastern shelf; however, some oil and gas was possibly sourced by a composite Woodford-Barnett total petroleum system of the Midland Basin from the west. Current U.S. Geological assessments of undiscovered oil and gas are performed using the total petroleum system (TPS) concept. The TPS is composed of mature source rock, known accumulations, and area(s) of undiscovered hydrocarbon potential. The TPS is subdivided into assessment units based on similar geologic characteristics, accumulation type (conventional or continuous), and hydrocarbon type (oil and (or) gas). Assessment of the Barnett-Paleozoic TPS focuses on the continuous (unconventional) Barnett accumulation where gas and some oil are produced from organic-rich siliceous shale in the northeast portion of the Fort Worth Basin. Assessment units are also identified for mature conventional plays in Paleozoic carbonate and clastic reservoir rocks, such as the Chappel Limestone pinnacle reefs and Bend Group conglomerate, respectively. However, Barnett continuous gas is expected to add the greatest volume of undiscovered, technically recoverable resource. Undiscovered Barnett Shale gas will be assessed after mapping “sweet spots” and outlying areas of hydrocarbon potential, and by defining distributions of drainage (cell) size and cell estimated ultimate recovery. An example of a Barnett “sweet spot” is the Greater Newark East area where thick, siliceous Barnett has reached the gas window, and is overlain and underlain by impermeable limestones that contain fractures that are induced during completion. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND Oil and gas in the Bend Arch–Fort Worth Basin Province (U.S. Geological Survey Province 045; see definition in a later section) of north-central Texas are produced from carbonateand clasticrock reservoirs ranging in age from Ordovician to Permian (Wolfcampian). The 1995 USGS
Information deduction approach through quality function deployment for the quantification of the dependency between design tasks (2004)

The design structure matrix (DSM) has been widely known as an effective approach for the modelling and analysis of a design process for the manufacture of a product from the perspective of information flow. It provides a formal method to capture and manage the interactions and interdependences among design tasks. Nonetheless, the difficulties in constructing a reliable numerical DSM prevent wider applications of DSM and its derived techniques. In this work, an approach to quantify systematically the dependency between design tasks in a DSM is proposed. The proposed approach aims at estimating the coupling strength of tasks in a DSM by making full use of the information contained in quality function deployment matrices. To realize this, a house of quality matrix is first constructed, followed by transferring the information in the house of quality to an extended design deployment matrix, and then the dependence strength of each task–attribute pair in the extended design deployment matrix is analysed. The details of the proposed approach are presented. The performance of the proposed prototype is illustrated by using a case study on a burn-in system. The results obtained from the case study are discussed.
Analysis of stairs-climbing ability for a tracked reconfigurable modular robot (2005)

Stairs-climbing ability is the crucial performance of mobile robot for urban environment mission such as urban search and rescue or urban reconnaissance. The track type mobile mechanism has been widely applied for its advantages such as high stability, easy to control, low terrain pressure, and continuous drive. Stairs-climbing is a complicated process for a tracked mobile robot under kinematics and dynamics constraints. In this paper, the stairs-climbing process has been divided into riser climbing, riser crossing, and nose line climbing. During each climbing process, robot's mobility has been analyzed for its kinematics and dynamics factor. The track velocity and acceleration's influences on riser climbing have been analyzed. And the semiempirical design method of the track grouser and the module length has been provided in riser crossing and nose line climbing correspondingly. Finally, stairs-climbing experiments have been made on the two-module robot in line type, and three-module robot in line type and in triangle type respectively.
Single [101]-oriented growth of La0.9Sr0.1MnO3 films on vicinal SrTiO3(001) substrates (2006)

Thin films of orthorhombic La0.9Sr0.1MnO3, have been grown by computer-controlled laser molecular-beam epitaxy on SrTiO3(001) substrate and vicinal SrTiO3(001) substrates. Electron diffractions and high-resolution imaging reveal that the as-received thin films with thickness of 300 nm are epitaxially grown on the substrates. The microstructures in the film grown on SrTiO3(001) substrate are clarified in terms of the oriented microdomains, while the films on vicinal SrTiO3(001) substrates are predominated by a single [101]-oriented growth, which provides a useful routine for a design of preferred physical properties. Based on the minimization of surface energy, the mechanism of such a single domain formation is proposed.
System validation via constraint modeling (1991)

article Free Access Share on System validation via constraint modeling Author: Richard C. Waters MIT AI Laboratory, 545 Technology Square, Cambridge MA MIT AI Laboratory, 545 Technology Square, Cambridge MAView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGPLAN NoticesVolume 26Issue 8Aug. 1991 pp 27–36https://doi.org/10.1145/122598.122599Online:01 August 1991Publication History 0citation199DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads199Last 12 Months8Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Mechanism Analysis of Low-frequency Oscillation Based on WAMS Measured Data (2009)

A correct understanding of the mechanism of low frequency oscillation in the power grid is of great significance to the prevention and control of the production and dissemination of low-frequency oscillation.Based on an interregional low-frequency oscillation event in the Central China power grid recorded by the wide area measurement system(WAMS),the Prony method is used to analyze the characteristics of various stages of oscillation.Combining with the small interfering frequency distribution statistical analysis,the forced oscillation theory is used to explain the oscillation mechanism.The results show that forced oscillation theory is able to reasonably explain the phenomenon of this oscillation at all stages,and quickly locating and removing the disturbance source is an effective measure to suppress such low-frequency oscillations.
Isolation of Lipase-Active Fractions from Ultra-High Temperature-Processed Milk and Their Patterns of Releasing Fatty Acids from Milk Fat Emulsion (1994)

To examine residual lipase activities in UHT-processed milk samples, two protein isolates were prepared, one from aqueous supernatant and the other from milk fat globule membrane. Results of DEAE-cellulose chromatography indicated that the protein isolates from the aqueous supernatants contained three lipase-active fractions; the proteins from the milk fat globule membranes exhibited only one lipase-active fraction. Analysis by SDS-PAGE revealed that the lipase-active fractions from the aqueous supernatants contained a major or minor K-casein component, as well as other caseins and whey proteins. However, the lipase-active fraction from the milk fat globule membranes was composed mainly of a-casein. When a pool of the lipase-active fractions from the aqueous supernatants was incubated with a milk fat emulsion at 35C for 4 h, the fractions hydrolyzed butyric acid the most, followed by caproic and palmitic acids. However, the lipase-active fraction from the milk fat globule membranes hydrolyzed palmitic and stearic acids most, followed by linoleic and oleic acids.
Sensitivity of serum tumor markers CEA and CA 15-3 in breast cancer recurrences and correlation with different prognostic factors. (2001)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between serum tumor markers CEA and CA 15-3 in breast cancer (BC) patients with disease relapse and different prognostic parameters at first operation. Sixty-two women (median age 55 years, range 35-83 years) who had undergone curative surgery for pT1-2 pN0-1 M0 breast cancer developed local recurrences, distant metastases or contralateral BC during a median relapse time of 53 months (range 25-149 months). Sensitivity of CEA, CA 15-3, and CEA + CA 15-3 together was 40.3%, 41.9% and 59.7%, respectively. No correlation (p = NS) was found between tumor markers sensitivity and type of recurrence, surgical procedure, histologic subtypes and hormone receptors rate. CEA significantly (p < 0.01) correlated with the size of the tumor and axillary node status and CA 15-3 with the age of the patients. In conclusion, CEA and CA 15-3 should be considered complementary in detecting BC recurrences but their sensitivity is low and independent of the majority of the prognostic parameters that may be considered before relapse.
On the algebraic geometry of contact formation cells for systems of polygons (2002)

The efficient planning of contact tasks for intelligent robotic systems requires a thorough understanding of the kinematic constraints imposed on the system by rolling and sliding contacts. In this paper, we derive closed-form analytic solutions for the position and orientation of a passive polygon moving in contact with two or three active polygons whose positions and orientations are independently controlled. This is done by applying elimination techniques to solve the systems of appropriate contact constraint equations. We prove that the systems of contact constraint equations are smooth submanifolds of configuration space.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The effect of hypovolaemia on healing of the right and the left colon. An experimental study. (1992)

An experimental study was carried out to investigate the effect of a period of hypovolaemia prior to surgery on healing of the right and left colon of the baboon. Colonic healing was assessed in three ways: in terms of (i) anastomotic leakage, (ii) hydroxyproline concentrations and (iii) breaking strength. The results suggest that hypovolaemia before surgery affects the right and left colon similarly.
Adaptation in Hair Cells (2000)

Hair cells adapt to sustained deflections of the hair bundle via Ca(2+)-dependent negative feedback on the open probability of the mechanosensitive transduction channels. A model posits that adaptation relieves the input to the transduction channels--force applied by elastic tip links between stereocilia--by repositioning the insertions of the links in the stereocilium. The tip link insertion and transduction channel are dragged by myosins moving on the stereocilium's actin core. This model accounts for many aspects of adaptation in hair cells of the frog saccule, where adaptation time constants are tens of milliseconds. Adaptation in hair cells of the turtle cochlea is much faster, possibly reflecting a more direct mechanism such as Ca2+ binding to the transduction channel. Adaptation mechanisms attenuate the transduction current at low frequencies and may be tuned to different corner frequencies according to the stimulus demands of the inner ear organ. Other sites of adaptation in the inner ear include accessory structures, voltage-dependent properties of hair cells, and afferent transmitter release. A remaining challenge is to understand how these processes work together to shape the output of the inner ear to natural stimuli.
Plasmids in Yersinia pestis (1981)

Pesticinogenic and Ca2+-dependent strains of Yersinia pestis harbored plasmids of about 6 and 45 megadaltons, respectively. In addition, most isolates examined possessed a cryptic 65-megadalton plasmid.
ChemInform Abstract: Aryl Triflates: Useful Coupling Partners for the Direct Arylation of Heteroaryl Derivatives via Pd‐Catalyzed C—H Activation—Functionalization. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.