gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of ethanol consumption in salivary glands [Abstract in English] (2007)

Aims: To perform a literature review about alcohol effects on salivary gland. Source of data: Articles were retrieved from Medline data base using the key-words alcohol/ethanol and salivary glands.
 Summary of findings: Increase in ethanol consumption has been observed in people, and it causes alterations in several systems. Enlargement of salivary glands and salivary flow decrease have been observed in alcoholics. The decreased salivary flow results in increased susceptibility of injuries to the mouth, like those related to caries and periodontitis, because saliva has protective properties. Morphology alterations like adipocytes infiltration, ductal hyperplasia and decrease in acinar cells ratio can be observed. The ethanol consumption reduces salivary flow, and immunoglobulins and antioxidants levels decrease in saliva. Ethanol degradation generates toxic metabolites, like acetaldehyde, that can modify the salivary gland function. There is a possibility that saliva helps on acetaldehyde distribution in the mouth, improving ethanol consumption damage. In addition, other mechanisms are included in this damage like decrease in prostaglandins, malnutrition, immune system alterations and oxidative stress. Oxidative stress may be involved in pathogenesis of several chronicdegenerative diseases, like cancer.
 Conclusions: The alcoholics must receive a special attention in oral care because its local and systemic conditions improve susceptibility to oral illnesses, such as caries, periodontitis and cancer. KEY WORDS: SALIVARY GLAND/pathology; ETHANOL; ALCOHOL-RELATED DISORDERS ; MOUTH DISEASES; METAANALYSIS.
Superplasticizer Adsorption on Synthetic Ettringite (2003)

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Measuring Humidity in Sealed Glass Encasements (2005)

A technique has been devised for measuring the relative humidity levels in the protective helium/water vapor atmosphere in which the Declaration of Independence, the United States Constitution, and the Bill of Rights are encased behind glass panels on display at the National Archives in Washington, DC. The technique is noninvasive: it does not involve penetrating the encasements (thereby risking contamination or damage to the priceless documents) to acquire samples of the atmosphere. The technique could also be applied to similar glass encasements used to protect and display important documents and other precious objects in museums. The basic principle of the technique is straightforward: An encasement is maintained at its normal display or operating temperature (e.g., room temperature) while a portion of its glass front panel is chilled (see Figure 1) until condensed water droplets become visible on the inside of the panel. The relative humidity of the enclosed atmosphere can then be determined as a known function of the dew point, the temperature below which the droplets condense. Notwithstanding the straightforwardness of the basic principle, careful attention to detail is necessary to enable accurate determination of the dew point. In the initial application, the affected portion of the glass panel was cooled by contact with an aluminum plate that was cooled by a thermoelectric module, the exhaust heat of which was dissipated by a heat sink cooled by a fan. A thermocouple was used to measure the interior temperature of the aluminum plate, and six other thermocouples were used to measure the temperatures at six locations on the cooled outer surface of the glass panel (see Figure 2). Thermal grease was applied to the aluminum plate and the thermocouples to ensure close thermal contact. Power was supplied to the thermoelectric module in small increments, based on previous laboratory tests. A small flashlight and a magnifying glass were used to look for water droplets condensing on the inner surface of the glass. The temperature readings of the thermocouples were taken during cool-down and upon observing condensation. In determining the dew point, it was necessary to make a correction for the differences between the temperatures measured on the chilled outer surface of the glass and the temperature of the inner surface, where the condensation took place. The correction was derived from a laboratory test on a measurement setup that was nearly identical, except that the dew location on the inner surface was also instrumented with a thermocouple. The test showed that the temperature at the dew location on the inner surface of the glass panel was 0.9 C above the temperature determined from the measurements on the chilled outer surface of the panel.
Evidence for Charge Kondo Effect in Superconducting Tl-Doped PbTe (2005)

We report results of low-temperature thermodynamic and transport measurements of Pb1-xTlxTe single crystals for Tl concentrations up to the solubility limit of approximately x=1.5%. For all doped samples, we observe a low-temperature resistivity upturn that scales in magnitude with the Tl concentration. The temperature and field dependence of this upturn are consistent with a charge Kondo effect involving degenerate Tl valence states differing by two electrons, with a characteristic Kondo temperature T(K) approximately 6 K. The observation of such an effect supports an electronic pairing mechanism for superconductivity in this material and may account for the anomalously high T(c) values.
Effect of biological agents on synovial tissues from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (2019)

<b>Objectives:</b> To compare the inflammation of synovium before and after biological agents in the patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to investigate the association between synovial histopathology and disease activity.<b>Methods:</b> Synovial tissues were obtained during operations from 34 patients before and after treatment with biological agents. The synovial tissue was evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Synovial histopathology was evaluated by Rooney score.<b>Results:</b> The Rooney score was also significantly decreased after treatment with biological agents in all items (<i>p</i> < .001). After the treatment with biological agents, Moderate disease activity group had significantly higher scores of focal aggregates of lymphocytes (<i>p</i> = .02), diffuse infiltrates of lymphocytes (<i>p</i> = .019), and the Rooney total scores (<i>p</i> = .002) than remission and low disease activity groups.<b>Conclusion:</b> Our results demonstrated that biological agents significantly decreased the RA synovial inflammation and synovial histopathology in sublining layer reflected disease activity.
Indications for surgery in necrotizing pancreatitis. (1993)

The decision to operate on a patient with severe acute pancreatitis is often difficult and requires mature clinical judgment. Indications that are widely accepted include to establish the differential diagnosis, when the surgeon is concerned that the symptoms are due to a disease other than pancreatitis for which an operation is mandatory; in persistent and severe biliary pancreatitis, when an obstructing gallstone is lodged in the ampulla of Vater and cannot be managed endoscopically; in the presence of infected pancreatic necrosis; and to drain a pancreatic abscess, if percutaneous drainage does not produce the desired result. Other indications that are less well defined and somewhat controversial are the presence of sterile pancreatic necrosis involving 50% or more of the pancreas, when the pancreatitis persists despite maximal medical therapy, and when a patient's condition deteriorates. For these last three indications, guidelines have been presented that permit a logical approach to management, although uncertainty remains. Surgeons should strive to describe in detail and precisely the clinical state of their patients at the time that an operation is done, as well as the findings and technical details of the operation. This should allow further refinement in the management of this vexing problem.
An analytical TEM study of (Ta,Al)C:C coatings in as-deposited and oxidised states (2005)

It is well known that thin coatings can provide increased lifetime and reduced energy consumption for tools and components. During use, e.g. in sliding contact, mechanical and chemical reactions often lead to the formation of new surface layers, tribofilms, possessing different properties compared to the original surface, hence affecting the overall performance. In this work, analytical electron microscopy was applied to investigate the structure and composition of tribofilms.Concerning coatings, deposition parameter dependencies, stability and tribology were investigated. The carbon content of hydrogen-free TiCx coatings was shown to significantly influence the morphology. Low carbon content resulted in columnar grains with a strong texture while high carbon content led to the formation of randomly ordered TiCx crystals. The application of positive bias to the substrate as opposed to the normally used negative bias gave a fibrous structure of sputtered TiB2 and low residual stress with maintained hardness. Further, oxidation stability was examined on a (Ta,Al)C:C coating where oxidation led to partial oxidation and formation of AlTaO4 with an 8 nm interface.A focused ion beam instrument was used to extract samples from certain areas of worn specimens. Tribological contact was observed to result in phase changes and intermixing of materials present in the contact. Sliding contact involving a Co-alloy led to a phase change from fcc to hcp. A 30 nm Co-rich tribofilm was observed with basal planes parallel to the surface. Fully formulated oil was found to inflict considerable wear to a metal doped carbon film through chemical reaction with the metal dopant. WC/Co cemented carbide used for rock drilling exhibited intermixing of rock and Co binder phase after field tests. Chemical vapour deposited diamond worn in nitrogen and argon showed formation of wear debris with amorphous structure containing nitrogen and graphitic like structure, respectively.
DNA Adenine Methylase Is Essential for Viability and Plays a Role in the Pathogenesis of <i>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis</i> and <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> (2001)

Salmonella strains that lack or overproduce DNA adenine methylase (Dam) elicit a protective immune response to different Salmonella species. To generate vaccines against other bacterial pathogens, the dam genes of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Vibrio cholerae were disrupted but found to be essential for viability. Overproduction of Dam significantly attenuated the virulence of these two pathogens, leading to, in Yersinia, the ectopic secretion of virulence proteins (Yersinia outer proteins) and a fully protective immune response in vaccinated hosts. Dysregulation of Dam activity may provide a means for the development of vaccines against varied bacterial pathogens.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Induction in Photochemical Reactions. Part 10. The Principle of Isoinversion: A Model of Stereoselection Developed from the Diastereoselectivity of the Paterno‐Buechi Reaction. (1989)

Abstract The temp. dependence of the Paterno‐Buechi reaction between the chiral phenylglyoxylates (I) and the cyclic olefins (II) and (V) is studied.
Photoinduced Birefringence and Surface Relief Gratings in Novel Polyurethanes with Azobenzene Groups in the Main Chain (2001)

Three novel polyurethanes with V-shaped bisazo groups (PU1 and PU2) or rodlike monoazo groups (PU3) in the main chain were synthesized. On irradiation with a linearly polarized laser beam, birefringence was induced in the three films to the level of 0.035, 0.037, and 0.044 for PU1, PU2, and PU3, respectively. The stable birefringence obtained at Tg − T = 33 °C was 71%, 46%, and 19% of that achieved at room temperature for PU1, PU2, and PU3, respectively. The relative stability of the photoinduced birefringence of PU3 decreased linearly with the increase of temperature, while that of PU1 and PU2 was constant even close to Tg. Surface relief gratings with high diffraction efficiency were inscribed on these main-chain polymers. The photoinduced gratings are only partially erasable by heating above the Tg of the polymers.
Catheter Modification for Easier Cannulation of the Carotid Artery during Angioplasty and Stenting (2001)

This simple modification can improve the success rate of carotid cannulation via the femoral approach and does not seem to increase the risk of the intervention.
Peptide action in stroke therapy (2003)

Glutamate receptor antagonists, although effective in preventing in vitro excitotoxic death, also block the glutamatergic signalling that is essential for normal excitatory neurotransmission and neuronal survival. This has contributed to the failure of clinical trials employing glutamate receptor antagonists as stroke therapeutics. However, recent years have seen an increased understanding of the molecular organisation of glutamate receptors in the neuronal postsynaptic density. This and a dissection of their associated intracellular signalling cascades has allowed the identification of distinct pathways responsible for excitotoxicity. It has become possible to uncouple toxic signalling cascades from glutamate receptors by targeting the interactions of membrane receptors with downstream proteins. Toxic signalling can be effectively uncoupled from glutamate receptors using targeted, cell-permeable peptides to disrupt specific protein–protein interactions. This approach does not block essential excitatory neurotransmission, but attenuates neurotoxic signals specifically and reduces stroke damage. This novel approach to blocking excitotoxic signalling in cerebral ischaemia may constitute a practical approach to stroke therapy.
The implementation and evaluation of a coherent memory abstraction for NUMA multiprocessors (1992)

Most high-performance multiprocessors have a memory hierarchy in the form of caches, a distributed main memory, or some combination of both. Because of the locality of reference exhibited by typical programs, caches and distributed main memories can be used to reduce the average memory access time. To take advantage of this property, it is necessary to place threads of control and the data they access close to each other in the multiprocessor. Small bus-based multiprocessors typically have hardware that performs data placement automatically. However, Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA) multiprocessors require that software manage data placement. Traditionally, the responsibility for deciding data placement on NUMA multiprocessors has been left to the application programmer. In this dissertation, we describe and evaluate a software system, Coherent Memory, that automatically performs data placement on NUMA multiprocessors.
A key to finding a data placement that reduces memory access time on NUMA multiprocessors is the ability to differentiate between different data sharing patterns. The thesis of this dissertation is that the operating system kernel for NUMA multiprocessors can differentiate between many different data sharing patterns at run-time and thereby select the memory access mechanism that is appropriate for data on a page-by-page basis.
To evaluate this thesis, we used a suite of parallel programs running on Coherent Memory. For each program, we measured the execution time using automatic data placement by Coherent Memory and manual data placement by the programmer. We found that for programs in our application suite with a coarse-grain data sharing pattern, manual data placement outperformed Coherent Memory by less than 10%. For some of our programs, we also found that our dynamic data placement policy dramatically outperforms static data placement policies from the literature. Given a high-quality implementation, we contend that a dynamic data placement policy is preferable.
Antibiotics from Basidiomycetes. XXIX: Pilatin, a new antibiotically active marasmane derivative from cultures of Flagelloscypha pilatii agerer. (1988)

Pilatin, a new marasmane derivative, was isolated from fermentations of the cyphelloid fungus Flagelloscypha pilatii. Its structure was determined by chemical and physical methods. Pilatin inhibits the growth of bacteria and fungi at concentrations of 5-50 micrograms/ml. The compound is highly cytotoxic. The incorporation of thymidine and uridine into DNA and RNA in Ehrlich carcinoma ascitic cells is strongly inhibited by pilatin. Like marasmic acid pilatin causes frameshift mutations in Salmonella typhimurium TA98.
Detection of hepatitis B virus DNA in serum using synthetic non-radioactive oligonucleotides. (1989)

A rapid and simplified technique for detecting hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA by spot hybridisation in the sera of patients with different clinical forms of HBV infection was investigated using enzyme conjugated synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides as probes. These are able to hybridize to the S and C regions of the HBV L(-) DNA strand. When compared with a complete 32P-labelled HBV DNA probe, the synthetic oligonucleotides provided a sensitive and quick method for the routine survey of HBV infection. Moreover, the DNA extraction procedure used allowed the spot hybridisation technique to be applied and read easily and the results obtained within a few hours. It is concluded that synthetic cold probes can be used in hybridisation assays HBV DNA detection as part of current clinical laboratory procedures.
A design method of self-tuning PID controllers (2005)

PID control schemes based on classical control theory, have been widely used for real control systems. Further, there are a lot of researches on control schemes of tuning PID gains. Also several self-tuning and autotuning techniques in the PID control systems have been reported for systems with unknown parameters. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no result for discrete-time systems with unknown time-delays. On the other hand, a generalized predictive control scheme has been reported as a useful self-tuning control technique for unknown time-delay systems. In this paper, we present a self-tuning PID control algorithm for unknown time-delay systems based on minimization of a GPC criterion. Furthermore, we illustrate a numerical simulation result in order to show the effectiveness of this method.
Local analysis of dynamical systems — concepts and interpretation (1996)

We present several terms and definitions related to the local analysis of dynamical\nsystems. Multiple terms for one and the same thing that were found in literature are put together\nto provide a “dictionary” of terms and to avoid potential confusion due to misleading\ndefinitions. Additionally, some important concepts which are necessary to analyze a dynamical\nsystem are \tbriefly discussed and a new procedure to locally analyze a dynamical system’s behavior near trajectory points is proposed. The paper should give computer graphics specialists\nworking on the \nvisualization of analytically defined dynamical systems a set of mathematically\ntools for a thorough investigation of the local behavior of such system.
Competitiveness and Behavior of Tobacco Budworms Sterilized with Reserpine and Gamma Irradiation123 (1972)

Female Heliothis virescens (F.) sterilized with a combination of substerile doses of reserpine (0.1% wt/v) and gamma irradiation (10 and 15 krad) competed on an equal basis with untreated females for untreated males. The observed percent reduction in hatch of eggs when the ratios of treated to untreated adults was 0:1, 1:1, 4:1, 9:1, and 19:1 was generally comparable to or exceeded the theoretical percentage, especially at the higher dose of irradiation. Collections in light traps showed no differences in the flight potential or mating frequency between untreated moths and moths reared as larvae on diets containing 0.1 reserpine with or without Calco® Red dye (0.0625% wt/v) and later irradiated as pupae with 7-5 krad. The distribution of reserpine in the test diets was homogenous, based on the observed biological activity of the treated insects.
Magnetic and structural phase transitions in Heusler type alloys Ni<sub>2</sub>MnGa<sub>1 <i>x</i></sub>In<sub><i>x</i></sub> (2004)

X-ray diffraction, magnetization, electrical resistivity and thermal expansion measurements were done on a series of Heusler alloys of the form Ni2MnGa1-xInx 0 < x < 0.25. X-ray diffraction patterns indicate that the samples possess a highly ordered Heusler alloy L21 type structure. Due to the larger radii of the In ion, the lattice parameters were found to expand with increasing In concentration. The negative volume anomaly (∼ - 0.1%) is found to accompany the martensitic transition. With increasing In content, a linear decrease of the martensitic transition and the Curie temperatures were observed. The compositional- transition temperature phase diagram is evaluated. Possible reasons for the structural transformations are discussed.
Synthesis of (‐)‐Gymnodimine (I). Subunit Synthesis and Coupling. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Investigations on the prevalence of Heterophyes species in twelve populations of the first intermediate host in Egypt and Sudan. (1985)

Twelve populations of the mud snail Pirenella conica from the densely populated Nile Delta, saline inland waters, and the scarcely populated coast of the Red Sea were investigated for the prevalence of Heterophyes heterophyes, H. aequalis, and H. dispar. Heterophyes heterophyes was most prevalent in the Nile Delta, which seems to be the centre of human heterophyiasis throughout the distributional range of that species. Transmission takes place near human settlements, where the definitive hosts are abundant. However, the compiled data from infected intermediate and definitive hosts show, that the prevalence of H. heterophyes in the Nile Delta is declining. The two other Heterophyes species of the Near East, which have not yet been recorded from humans, were absent (H. dispar) or almost absent (H. aequalis) from the Nile Delta, where they had been found frequently in the 1950s. However, they occurred at the coast of the Red Sea.
Synthesis, antitumor activity, and DNA binding properties of a new derivative of amsacrine, N-5-dimethyl-9-[(2-methoxy-4-methylsulfonylamino) phenylamino]-4-acridinecarboxamide. (1984)

The 4-(N-methylcarboxamido)-5-methyl derivative of amsacrine (NSC 249 992) has been synthesized as part of a program aimed at optimizing solid tumor activity in this series. Physicochemical studies of this analogue (N-5-dimethyl-9-[(2-methoxy-4-methylsulfonylamino) phenylamino]-4-acridinecarboxamide; NSC 343 499) indicate a slightly increased lipophilicity (estimated log p = 1.10), a decreased acridine base strength (pKa 6.40), and a 16-fold-higher association constant for double-stranded calf thymus DNA (Ka 2.1 X 10(6) M-1 at 0.01 ionic strength). Like amsacrine, the drug binds to DNA by intercalation. Inhibition of cell growth has been monitored by continuous drug exposure assays with a variety of rodent and human cell lines. The concentration for 50% inhibition varied from 6.7 nM (T-47D, a human breast carcinoma line) to 800 nM (P388/ADR, a murine cell line resistant to Adriamycin). N-5-Dimethyl-9-[(2-methoxy-4-methylsulfonylamino) phenylamino]-4-acridinecarboxamide was cytotoxic at growth-inhibitory concentrations and also induced cell cycle arrest in the G2 phase. It was active against P388 leukemia following administration by p.o., i.v., or i.p. routes, and it was superior to amsacrine, daunorubicin, and Adriamycin. It was curative towards i.v.-injected Lewis lung tumor in a proportion of animals when treatment was started on Day 1 or Day 5 after tumor inoculation. It also produced highly significant life extensions against advanced tumors (treatment starting Day 9 after i.v. inoculation or on Day 8 after s.c. inoculation) and was comparable to cyclophosphamide in its effectiveness. It is a candidate drug for clinical trial.