gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Voltage-biased high-T/sub c/ superconducting infrared bolometers with strong electrothermal feedback (1997)

In the current generation of high-T/sub c/ bolometers the thermal conductance is often chosen for a short time-constant rather than for optimal sensitivity. We describe a novel bolometer bias and readout scheme that promises to relax this constraint. Voltage bias of the superconductor results in strong negative electrothermal feedback that greatly reduces the time-constant of the bolometer. We estimate that a decrease of more than one order of magnitude in time-constant should be possible with existing high-T/sub c/ thermometers. We give theoretical estimates of the performance gain with voltage bias for several bolometers that have been reported in the literature. We find cases where the sensitivity can be greatly improved (by changing the thermal conductance) while holding the time constant fixed and others where the bolometer can be made much faster while maintaining the sensitivity.
Microwave-Assisted One-Pot Tandem Reactions for Direct Conversion of Primary Alcohols and Aldehydes to Triazines and Tetrazoles in Aqueous Media (2007)

A series of primary alcohols and aldehydes were treated with iodine in ammonia water under microwave irradiation to give the intermediate nitriles, which without isolation underwent [2+3] cycloadditions with dicyandiamide and sodium azide to afford high yields of the corresponding triazines and tetrazoles, including the alpha-amino- and dipeptidyl tetrazoles in high optical purity.
Structure of Carbon Materials Explored by Local Transmission Electron Microscopy and Global Powder Diffraction Probes (2018)

Transmission electron microscopy and neutron or X-ray diffraction are powerful techniques available today for characterization of the structure of various carbon materials at nano and atomic levels. They provide complementary information but each one has advantages and limitations. Powder X-ray or neutron diffraction measurements provide structural information representative for the whole volume of a material under probe but features of singular nano-objects cannot be identified. Transmission electron microscopy, in turn, is able to probe single nanoscale objects. In this review, it is demonstrated how transmission electron microscopy and powder X-ray and neutron diffraction methods complement each other by providing consistent structural models for different types of carbons such as carbon blacks, glass-like carbons, graphene, nanotubes, nanodiamonds, and nanoonions.
Hafnium oxide-based dielectrics by atomic layer deposition (2013)

In 2007 there was an important change in the architecture of nanotransistors - the building blocks of modern logic and memory devices. This change was from utilising thermally grown silicon dioxide as a dielectric to so-called high-_ hafnium oxide dielectrics grown by atomic layer deposition. The _rst production logic devices of this era used a hafnium oxide dielectric layer deposited by thermal atomic layer deposition; using HfCl4 and H2O as the precursors. Present day fabrication makes use of hafnium oxide-based atomic-layer-deposited dielectric _lms. The latest nanotransistor devices utilise a third generation hafnium oxide-based dielectric material. This thesis examines hafnium oxide-based thin _lm dielectric materials prepared by thermal atomic layer deposition on silicon substrates. Speci_cally the enhancement of the dielectric response of hafnium oxide by the addition of other elements is examined. Two ternary materials systems were deposited by thermal atomic layer deposition and analysed: titanium-hafnium oxide and cerium-hafnium oxide. Hafnium oxide _lms were deposited to be used as measurement benchmarks. Cerium oxide _lms were also deposited and analysed in their own right as potential dielectric layers. The hafnium oxide and both ternary deposition experiments used (MeCp)2Hf(OMe)(Me) as the hafnium precursor. The titanium-hafnium oxide growth used Ti(iOPr)4 as a titanium source and the cerium oxide and cerium-hafnium oxide work utilised Ce(mmp)4 as a cerium source. Post-deposition specimen sets consisted of an as-deposited sample, a sample spike-annealed in N2 at 850 _C and a sample annealed for 30 minutes at 500 _C. These annealing regimes were performed to mimic typical gate-_rst and gate-last transistor processing steps. The compositions and thicknesses of the _lms were measured using medium energy ion scattering. The structure of the _lms was analysed by X-ray di_raction and Raman spectroscopy. Capacitance-voltage and current density- _eld measurements were taken from fabricated MOS capacitor specimens to assess the dielectric response of the _lms. X-ray di_raction and Raman measurements showed that un-doped HfO2 had monoclinic crystallinity as-deposited and after the two annealing regimes. The dielectric constant and leakage current density, 17 and 1.7_10
The Role of Periostin in HER2/ErbB2-induced Breast Cancer (2011)

Periostin (Postn) is a secreted cell adhesion protein that shares a structural homology to the insect axon guidance protein fasciclin I (FAS1). Periostin interacts with multiple cell-surface receptors, most notably integrins, which activate signaling pathways to promote cancer cell survival, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Interestingly, periostin is frequently overexpressed in numerous human cancers, including breast, lung, colon, pancreatic, and ovarian cancer. Here, we investigated the role of periostin in HER2/ErbB2-induced mammary tumorigenesis. Although periostin is primarily expressed in the stromal fibroblasts and not the epithelial cells of the mammary gland, it does not affect mammary gland outgrowth during development or pregnancy when ablated. The male FVB Postn-/- mice were smaller than the male FVB Postn+/+ and Postn+/- mice, whereas there was no difference in size among the female mice of all genotypes. We also demonstrate that NeuNDL Postn+/- mice in a mixed FVB/C57 background (Postn +/-*) did not develop tumors after 12 months, whereas NeuNDL Postn+/- (Postn +/-) and NeuNDL Postn-/- (Postn -/-) mice in a pure FVB background developed tumors by 10 months of age, similar to NeuNDL Postn+/+ mice in a pure FVB background (Postn +/+). However, Postn +/+ tumors had a higher cellularity and appeared more dense than the cystic Postn +/- or Postn -/- tumors. In vitro studies with ErbB2/Neu overexpressing primary mammary tumor epithelial cells demonstrated that the presence of periostin does not affect the cell proliferation or migration rate. In conclusion, periostin ablation affects cellularity of NeuNDL tumors in vivo and may play a role in tumor cell proliferation in vivo.
Charles Henry James Swan (2017)

Charles Henry James Swan was born in Wolverhampton and educated at Wolverhampton Grammar School. During training in the West Midlands, he obtained an MD from Birmingham University and then spent a year at the New York Medical College, USA, having received a Wellcome travel grant.

He was appointed consultant physician and gastroenterologist at the then North Staffordshire Hospital …
Power system intelligent dispatch (2008)

The definition of power system intelligent dispatch is introduced. The development stages of power system dispatch are summarized :traditional dispatch,analytical dispatch,decision - supporting dispatch and intelligent dispatch. The merits of intelligent dispatch are displayed by comparing their features between different types of power dispatch. The necessity and the possibility of implementing power system intelligent dispatch for the fast developing and more complex power market of China. The central - distributed frame of power system intelligent dispatch is designed and the multi - Agent technology is a solution to implement it,which is of five layer architecture,including execution agent,supervision agent,optimization agent,coordination agent and centrality agent. The main functions of intelligent dispatch are analyzed,such as system online supervision and control,system analysis and assessment,fault warning and processing,operation formation and execution. The importance of power system intelligent dispatch in power system security,economy and flexibility is emphasized.
Service Discovery through Multi-Agent Consensus (2005)

Service discovery is one of the key processes for facilitating the automation of service composition. The effectiveness of discovery relies on the appropriateness of descriptions for services and the consensus on the descriptions from participating bodies. However, existing work on service discovery did not address the issues associated with inconsistent understandings on the service descriptions from service providers and consumers. Predefined ontology may not be an appropriate solution in this case, due to its static nature and dynamic environment that Web services are situated. In this paper, we attempt to address this issue by proposing a multiagent consensus approach which is based on fuzzy logic and semantic Web technologies in order to assist service providers and consumers in reaching consensus on their service advertisement and request with consideration of their expectations and preferences. In addition, a user friendly tool for constructing agent based Web service is introduced for assistance in representing user's preference and expectations as well as managing Web services.
Late Intraoperative Clonidine Administration Prevents Postanesthetic Shivering After Total Intravenous or Volatile Anesthesia (1997)

Postoperative administration of clonidine is an effective treatment for shivering.However, the ability of this drug to stop postanesthetic shivering when administered intraoperatively remains controversial. Furthermore, the relative efficacy of clonidine during isoflurane and propofol anesthesia remains unknown. We therefore evaluated the incidence of postanesthetic shivering in patients given clonidine during nitrous oxide/isoflurane or propofol anesthesia. Because clonidine is an analgesic, we also evaluated postoperative pain and analgesic requirements. We studied 60 patients undergoing elective ear or nose surgery. General anesthesia was induced with 2.0 mg/kg propofol, 1.5 micro g/kg fentanyl, and 0.1 mg/kg vecuronium. General anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane and 70% nitrous oxide in one group of patients; in the other, a continuous infusion of propofol (8 mg [centered dot] kg-1 [centered dot] h-1) was administered (without nitrous oxide). Five minutes before tracheal extubation, patients in each group were randomly assigned to receive saline, placebo, or 3 micro g/kg clonidine intravenously. Postanesthetic shivering was evaluated by a blind investigator. Postoperative pain was assessed using a visual analog scale. Post-operative shivering was observed in 53% of the patients given isoflurane without clonidine and in 13% of the patients given propofol without clonidine. No patient given clonidine shivered. Clonidine administration significantly reduced postoperative pain. The incidence of postanesthetic shivering was significantly less after propofol anesthesia than after isoflurane/nitrous oxide anesthesia. However, a late intraoperative bolus administration of 3 micro g/kg clonidine prevents postoperative shivering in patients given either type of anesthesia. (Anesth Analg 1997;84:613-7)
Parents and projects (2012)

A project based on Chinese New Year led to one mother becoming involved at the nursery attended by her daughter, which used Scotland's Curriculum for Excellence to fully engage parents as partners.
The Influence of Multiple Stimulations on the Unusual Delamination Phenomenon of a Li-Ion Battery Separator Prepared by a Wet Process (2020)

In this article, the unusual delamination phenomenon of LIB separators prepared by a wet process is reported. Meanwhile, a simple tearing test is proposed to quantify the delamination trend from the energy point of view and the effects of the tearing rate and temperature on the delamination trend of the separator were researched. Increasing the temperature makes separator delamination much more difficult, while the tearing rate has weaker effects on the separator delamination trend at lower temperatures but has a stronger influence at higher temperatures. In addition, the delamination trend of the separator in various electrolytes and under repeated compression cycles, which happened to the separator during battery cycles, is also investigated in detail. Also, the results show that the energy consumption per unit area during delamination decreases distinctly with increasing number of compression cycles, which was also influenced severely by different kinds of electrolytes with different Hildebrand interaction parameter.
Enantioselective Hydrogenation of (E)-and (Z)-Isomeric Ethyl 3-Acetamidobutenoates with Rh-Bisphosphine Complexes: Effects of Substrate Geometry and Solvents on Reaction Rates and Catalyst Reusability (2005)

Enantiopure -amino acids are crucial structural features of numerous biologically active natural products as well as important building blocks for the synthesis of -peptides and -lactam antibiotics. 1 Numbers of stoichiometric chiral auxilaries and catalytic methods have been developed to make chiral -amino acids. 2 One of the most promising processes for the convenient preparation of chiral -amino acids on large scale is the asymmetric hydrogenation of suitable unsaturated precursors such as -acetamido acrylates with Rh(I) catalysts bearing chiral phosphine ligands. The requisite prochiral substrates are easily available by treatment of -keto carboxylates with NH 4 OAc and subsequent acylation. However, while literally thousands of reports are concerned with the Rh-catalyzed enantioselective hydrogenation of related prochiral -acetamido acrylates, only a few devoted to the hydrogenation of -analogues as substrates exist. The main reason for this is probably different behavior in the asymmetric hydrogenation, which had for a long time been attributed to particular substrates such as the isomeric ethyl 3-acetoamido butenoates (E)-1 and (Z)-1.
Cycle Length‐Associated Modulation of the Regional Dispersion of Ventricular Repolarization in a Canine Model of Long QT Syndrome (2001)

Previous tridimensional activation mapping showed that the development of functional conduction block at the onset of torsades de pointes was regionally heterogeneous; conduction block was frequently observed in the LV and the interventricular septum (IVS) but not in the RV, in the canine anthopleurin-A (AP-A) model of long QT syndrome (LQTS). This may be related to the distribution of myocytes with M celllike electrophysiological characteristics. To better understand the regional difference of arrhythmogenicity in LQTS, the authors investigated cycle length related modulation of ventricular repolarization among three different layers: the endocardium (End), mid-myocardium (Mid), and epicardium (Epi) of the LV and RV and at two different areas: the Epi and septum (Sep) in the IVS. The LQT3 model was produced by AP-A in dogs. Using constant pacing and single premature stimulation (S1S2), the ventricular repolarization pattern was analyzed from 256 unipolar electrograms. Activation-recovery intervals (ARIs) were used to estimate local repolarization. In seven experiments, AP-A increased regional ARI dispersion to 88.1 +/- 36.0 ms in the LV, to 72.9 +/- 35.7 ms in the IVS, and to 23.0 +/- 8.7 ms in the RV at the pacing cycle length (CL) of 1,000 ms. Development of the large ARI dispersion was due to greater ARI prolongation at the Mid site in the LV and at Sep site in the IVS. As the S1S2 interval was shortened, regional ARI dispersion decreased gradually, and finally, ARI dispersion showed a reversal gradient of repolarization between the Mid and Epi sites in the LV and between the Sep and Epi sites in the IVS. Two factors contributed to create the reversal gradient of repolarization: (1) a difference in restitution kinetics at the Mid site in the LV and at the Sep site in the IVS, characterized by a larger delta ARI and slower time constant (tau), and (2) a difference in diastolic intervals at each site resulting in different input to restitution at the same CL. However, the RV showed small alteration in the transmural dispersion of repolarization in the S1S2 protocol. S2 created heterogeneous functional conduction block in the LV and IVS but not in the RV. In the LQT3 model, the arrhythmogenicity of torsades de pointes is primarily due to dispersion of repolarization in the LV and IVS because of prominent distribution of M cells. The RV seems to participate passively in reentrant excitation during torsades de pointes.
PORTABLE MICROFLUIDIC FLUID HANDLING SYSTEM FOR THE DETECTION OF PROTEIN BIOMARKERS IN WHOLE HUMAN BLOOD (2014)

The thesis focused on the design and construction of a proof-of-concept polymer based microfluidic Point of Care (POC) device that is portable, requires little user interaction, and is sensitive enough to reliably test for protein biomarkers from a small sample of whole human blood. Specific contributions to the presented system include novel microfluidic channel geometries that support improved fluidic handling, and an improved technique for the fabrication of the poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microfluidic chip. Additionally, a commercially available plasma separation membrane was integrated into the microfluidic chip using presented structures and techniques to achieve cellular filtration of whole blood on-chip, yielding a usable volume of plasma to be used as the analyte fluid. A system of valves was used to direct the pressures generated by a new patented syringe-style pump designed for this specific application. The pump was created to more precisely move the collection of fluid volumes through the chip. A previously developed charged couple device (CCD) based vision system was modified and integrated into the presented fluid control system to track the position of the various fluid volumes. Software was developed that used the fluid position sensors data to control the various hardware components of the system. Finally, the above components were combined into a working prototype geared towards ease of use and portability. Efforts were focused on the system’s ability to autonomously and reliably control the various microliter sized volumes of fluid within the microfluidic chip. C-reactive protein (CRP) was used as a benchmark protein for biomarker detection because its normal concentration in human blood is at an approximate median to other biomarkers, and because the detection of CRP in a laboratory setting has been well established. A limit of detection (LOD) of 1.87 μg/mL of CRP in buffer was achieved utilizing the proposed stop-flow sequential loading technique. An acceptable volume of plasma was extracted and collected in the microfluidic chip from 50 μL of whole blood using the structures and techniques presented in this work. The CCD based fluid position sensor was capable of sensing a change in the contents of a channel over 97% of the time. Totally autonomous stop-flow fluid handling was accomplished at a similar rate of success utilizing a combination of valves, the custom pump, and the fluid position sensor all working in unison. Results show that protein detection using a previously untested stop-flow procedure still provided an acceptable LOD. The presented portable
Respiratory Involvement in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2011)

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are systemic diseases with a variety of extra-intestinal manifestations. Respiratory involvement, whether clinically symptomatic or latent, may be more common than previously thought. As opposed to adults, most of the cases in children involve Crohn's disease. The pathogeneses of the pulmonary manifestations are obscure. The inflammatory process is not restricted to the bowel as has been suggested by findings of high levels of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in the airways. Increased FeNO has been reported even during clinical remission, while increasing further during exacerbations. Pulmonary manifestations develop usually after the onset of the bowel disease; however, they may emerge after colectomy and cessation of therapy. Pulmonary lesions in children usually involve the lung parenchyma with granulomatous infiltrates. Other less common injuries involve the airways and the pleura. The most prevalent pathologies in adults are bronchiectasis, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, and small airway disease. Pulmonary involvement in IBD is often latent or sub-clinical and may be detected solely by laboratory or imaging techniques. Abnormalities in pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are not consistent except for low-diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide, which was found in both children and adults. High-resolution computed tomography (CT) is a sensitive tool for detecting lung involvement and may reveal abnormalities even when PFTs are normal and the patient is asymptomatic. Medications used for IBD, especially nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are also a risk factor for lung injury. Treatment of pulmonary involvement often includes systemic corticosteroids with subsequent prolonged treatment of inhaled steroids in appropriate selected cases. Other immune-modulators have been tried. Pediatricians, especially those treating children with IBD, pediatric gastroenterologists, and pediatric pulmonologists should have a high index of suspicion and be aware of tools to be used in the assessment and treatment of pulmonary complications in IBD.
Automatic Extraction of Medication Names in Tweets as Named Entity Recognition (2021)

Social media posts contain potentially valuable information about medical conditions and health-related behavior. Biocreative VII Task 3 focuses on mining this information by recognizing mentions of medications and dietary supplements in tweets. We approach this task by fine tuning multiple BERT-style language models to perform token-level classification, and combining them into ensembles to generate final predictions. Our best system consists of five Megatron-BERT-345M models and achieves a strict F1 score of 0.764 on unseen test data.
Inactivation of p16 gene in leukemia. (1999)

To determine the frequency of p16 gene inactivation in leukemia cells, and to evaluate their value in the prediction of their clinical outcome. Bone marrow or peripheral blood samples from 48 patients with leukemia were examined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (MPCR) to detect p16 gene homozygous deletion, and restriction enzyme PCR to detect p16 gene methylation. p16 gene inactivation were detected in 10 of the 48 patients (20.4%). They were five patients with p16 homozygous deletion, and five patients with p16 methylation, respectively. p16 gene inactivation correlates with adverse prognosis features. The patients with p16 inactivation had poor response to chemotherapy, and had significantly shorter survival times than the patients in whom p16 gene was preserved (P<0.001). The inactivation of p16 gene play a key role in the pathogenesis and the progression of some leukemia. The detection of p16 gene is reliable prognostic factor that predict shortened survival times.
Applied neural networks for signal processing (1997)

From the Publisher:
The book begins by covering the basic principles and models of neural networks in signal processing. The authors then discuss a number of powerful algorithms and architectures for a range of important problems and go on to describe practical implementation procedures. A key feature of the book is that many carefully designed examples are included to help guide the reader in the development of systems for new applications. The book will be an invaluable reference for scientists and engineers working in communications, control, or any other field related to signal processing. It can also be used as a textbook for graduate courses in electrical engineering and computer science.