gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insulin Secreted From Genetically Engineered Intestinal Cells Reduces Blood Glucose Levels in Diabetic Mice (2013)

Poorly controlled diabetes mellitus can result in serious complications. Gene therapy is increasingly being considered as an alternative approach to treat diabetes, because of its ability to induce physiological insulin secretion and it allows patients to escape insulin injections. The properties of gut K and L-cells, including glucose sensitivity, the ability to process insulin and a regulated secretion pathway support their use as surrogate β-cells. Previous in vitro studies have provided sufficient evidence supporting the use of these cells for gene therapy studies. Therefore, we examined the ability of K and L-cells to produce insulin in diabetic mice. Chitosan nanoparticles were used to transfer the insulin gene into intestinal cells via oral administration. The efficiency of chitosan as a gene vehicle was investigated through the use of reporter gene. Insulin mRNA and protein expression levels were measured by RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Blood glucose testing revealed that this treatment reduced glucose levels in diabetic mice. The decrease in blood glucose level in the first week of treatment was greater in mice with K-cell specific insulin expression compared with mice with L-cell-specific insulin expression. These results indicate that inducing insulin secretion in K-cells conferred a quicker response to gene therapy.
Mode Instabilities in High-Power Bidirectional Fiber Amplifiers and Lasers (2015)

Paper ATh2A.24
Constitutive nuclear localization of Janus kinases 1 and 2. (1996)

Both GH and the GH receptor have been reported to undergo rapid nuclear translocation. Janus kinases (JAK) 1 and 2 have been implicated in GH receptor signaling, and both of these kinases are phosphorylated by GH stimulation. In this report, we have investigated the subcellular distribution of JAK1 and JAK2. Both JAK1 and JAK2 exhibit a nucleocytoplasmic distribution by immunocytochemistry in unstimulated serum deprived CHO cells stably transfected with rat GH receptor complementary DNA (cDNA). The nucleocytoplasmic localization of JAK2 was verified by immunogold electron microscopy in both rat liver hepatocytes and CHO cells stably transfected with rat GH receptor cDNA. Nucleocytoplasmic localization of JAK2 was also verified by transient tranfection of CHO cells with a Haemophilus influenzae haemagglutinin (HA) epitope tagged JAK2 expression plasmid and subsequent localization of HA immunoreactivity. Western blot analysis of purified nuclear extracts revealed the presence of immunoreactive JAK1 at 130 kDa and immunoreactive JAK2 at 128 kDa. No change in the nuclear content of JAK1 or JAK2 was observed upon ligand stimulation of GH receptor cDNA transfected cells with 100 nM human GH for 5, 10, 15, 30, or 60 min. GH stimulation caused, however, the appearance of tyrosine phosphorylated 42- and 44-kDa proteins as well as tyrosine phosphorylated JAK2 in the nucleus. The constitutive nuclear localization of the Janus Kinases is suggestive of a novel nuclear role for JAK family members, in addition to their described cytosolic function and presents an interesting challenge to the subcellular site of hormone action.
Coordinate regulation of murein peptidase activity and AmpC β‐lactamase synthesis in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1992)

In the periplasmic space of Escherichia coli , the ( l )‐ m ‐A 2 pm‐( d )‐ m ‐A 2 pm peptide, the lipoprotein, and the AmpC β‐lactamase are controlled by growth rate. To explain this coordinate regulation, it is proposed that the AmpC protein functions as an ld ‐endopeptidase in addition to its known function as a β‐lactamase. As ld ‐peptides, dd ‐peptides and β‐lactams are structurally similar, ld ‐peptidases may belong to the larger family of dd ‐peptidases and serine β‐lactamases. In contrast to E. coli , many related bacteria possess an inducible AmpC protein. Several gene systems necessary for AmpC induction are known to affect various aspects of peptidoglycan metabolism. It is proposed that AmpC induction occurs indirectly via a recyclable cell wall peptide.
Novel Phenothiazine-Based Organic Dyes with a Heteroleptic Dual-Electron-Acceptor for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2012)

We designed a novel organic dye with a heteroleptic dual-electron acceptor (cyanocrylic acid and rhodanine-acetic acid) on each side of a phenothiazine-based organic dye as a photosensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations were used to estimate the photovoltaic properties of the dyes, with the findings showing that the organic dyes when used in the heteroleptic dual-electron-acceptor type resulted in higher performance than their single electron-acceptor and homoleptic dual-electron-acceptor counterparts due to the higher molar extinction coefficients and the orientation of the adsorbed dye. It was attributed to relatively broad and intense absorption spectra in the visible region with the rhodanine-acetic acid moiety and abundant electronic coupling with TiO2 of the cyanoacrylic acid anchoring group.
S<sub>4</sub>N<sub>4</sub> as Tridentate Ligand in [IrX(CO)(PPh<sub>3</sub>)(S<sub>4</sub>N<sub>4</sub>)] Complexes (1986)

An iridium-sulfur-nitrogen heterobicycle having a [4.3.0] framework is present in the air- and moisture-sensitive title compound 1. This surprising result was obtained by structure analysis of the long-known compound. The tridentate coordination of S4N4 to a transition-metal haldie is new; usually, the coordination occurs through a lone pair of electrons on a nitrogen atom. The bulky triphenylphosphane group is omitted in the picture on the right.
Optimization of active drag reduction for a slanted Ahmed body in a high-dimensional parameter space (2019)

We numerically optimize drag of the 35° slanted Ahmed body with active flow control using Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes simulations (RANS). The Reynolds number is Re_H = 1.9 x 10^5 based on the height of the Ahmed body. The wake is controlled with seven local jet slot actuators at all trailing edges. Symmetric operation corresponds to five independent actuator groups at top, midle, bottom, top sides and bottom sides. Each slot actuator produces a uniform jet with the velocity and angle as free parameters. The drag is reduced by 17% optimizing all 10 actuation parameters as free input. The optimal actuation emulates boat tailing by inward-directed blowing with velocities which are comparable to the oncoming velocity. The results are well aligned with an experimental drag reduction of a square Ahmed body by boat tailing with using Coanda actuation (Barros et al. 2016). A key enabler for the optimization task is an algorithm which alternates between downhill simplex iteration for the exploitation of the best discovered local minima and Latin hypercube sampling for the exploration of possibly better minima. The combined algorithm is shown to be more efficient than the purely explorative and exploitive components. The optimization iteration is analyzed as control landscape with a proximity map. This map gives a two-dimensional impression of the drag topology in the 10-dimensional parameter space. We expect that the combination of RANS simulations, the proposed optimization algorithm and the control landscape analysis may guide many future active flow control plants.
The effect of PEEP on oxygenating capacity in acute respiratory failure with sepsis (1976)

We report an evaluation of the effect of postive-end-expiratory-pressure (PEEP) on improving pulmonary oxygenating capacity in the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), when the latter is associated with generalized gram-negative sepsis. Fifty-seven cases treated in our RICU with PEEP ventilation (April 1972 to January 1975) were retrospectively reviewed. Oxygenating capacity improvement was evaluated in terms of the changes in PaO2/FIO2 and AaDO2 (FIO2 = 1.0). Both the short term (2-3 hours from the initiation of PEEP) and the overall effects of PEEP were evaluated. A mean PEEP of 5.6 cm H2O initially increased PaO2/FIO2 by a mean of 94 torr and decreased AaDO2 (FIO2 = 1.0) by 105 torr in the 28 nonseptic patients. In the 29 septic patients, 5.1 cm H2O PEEP initially increased PaO2/FIO2 by 32 torr and decreased AsDO2 (FIO2 = 1.0) by 38 torr. The differences between the septic and nonseptic patients were statistically significant (P less than 0.001). Likewise, the long-term effect of similar levels of PEEP was in increasing PaO2/FIO2 by 142 torr and by 75 torr in the nonseptic and septic patients, respectively. The final reduction in AaDO2 (FIO2 = 1.0) was 163 torr and 87 torr in the nonseptic and septic patients, respectively. These differences between patient groups were also statistically significant (P less than 0.02). Mortality during PEEP was 15/29 and 3/28 in the septic and nonseptic patients, respectively. Overall mortality in the septic and nonseptic groups was 18/29 and 5/28, respectively. We conclude that ARDS with sepsis constitutes a more severe pulmonary insult than ARDS without sepsis, and/or that generalized sepsis creates a more prolonged pulmonary insult that makes it less amenable to PEEP. Thus, high levels of PEEP may be needed to treat ARDS associated with sepsis.
Fast rate-distortion optimization in the H.264/AVC standard (2006)

Rate-Distortion Optimization (RDO) is a new feature of JVT H.264/AVC video encoder that enables a substantial enhanced efficiency with respect to all previous video coding standards. However, RDO causes a considerable increase in encoding computational complexity, proportional to the square of the search window size when the Full-Search motion estimation algorithm is applied. In this paper, a fast block-based predictive-recursive motion estimation algorithm is illustrated in combination with RDO algorithms. Extensive simulations show that, using the proposed algorithms, the time devoted to RDO is significantly reduced while keeping performance extremely close to JVT reference software JM8.6.
Video Streaming over 802.11b in the Presence of Fading Due to Human Traffic and Bluetooth Interference (2009)

The performance of video streaming over 802.11b is evaluated through experimental measurements in the presence of fading caused by human traffic, distance and Bluetooth interference, which shares the same 2.4 GHz ISM band. A measurement network consisting of a desktop connected to the wired Internet at the University of New Brunswick (UNB), a wireless laptop and a Bluetooth smart phone were used for conducting all the measurements which were carried out at UNB within the D level of Head Hall. The received video signal quality was measured in terms of the clock jumps observed in the video showing a ticking analog clock. The results show a video capture range (VCR) for quality video streaming and a video lock range (VLR) where the video signal could not be acquired. The statistical results show significant negative effects of distance and human traffic on video streaming and received video quality.
Low pressure chemical vapor deposition of thin SiOx films by chemical reaction of SiH4, O2 and N2: gaseous: preparation and characterization (2008)

The silicon rich silicon oxide (SiOx) thin films were prepared in LPCVD reactor, by thermal oxidation of silane in oxygen-nitrous oxide atmosphere. The stoichiometry coefficient x was controlled by the substrate temperature ant the ration of the partial pressures of silane and oxidants O2 and N2O. The structural and optical properties of prepared SiOx films were analyzed by infrared and Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The reaction of silane with oxygen ant nitrous oxide results in higher deposition rates of SiOx film when compared to the cases of silane/oxygen reaction of silane/nitrous oxide reaction. The surface properties of obtained films exhibit good g+homogeneity as well as superior quality when compared to the reaction with nitrous oxide, only.
The preparation and characterisation by Raman spectroscopy of AsBr<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>AsF<sub>6</sub><sup>–</sup>containing the tetrabromoarsenic(<scp>V</scp>) cation (1988)

T. Klapötke, J. Passmore and E. G. Awere, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1988, 1426 DOI: 10.1039/C39880001426
Magnetic-Flux Penetration and Critical Currents in Superconducting Strips with Slits (2001)

We theoretically investigate transport-current-induced magnetic-flux penetration into superconducting strip lines with slits. Even when the individual strips have no bulk pinning, geometrical barriers prevent penetration of magnetic flux into the innermost strips while flux quasistatically penetrates into the outermost slits. The critical current of strip lines with 2N slits at zero applied magnetic field is found to be enhanced by a factor of (N+1)(1/2) above that of a single strip line without slits. Under suitable conditions, a domelike flux distribution due to the geometrical barrier can appear in the individual strips even in the absence of an applied magnetic field.
Evaluation of Eretmocerus eremicus and Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) Beltsville Strain in Commercial Greenhouses for Biological Control of Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on Colored Poinsettia Plants (1999)

The effectiveness of average weekly inundative releases of female Eretmocerus eremicus (evaluated in 2 greenhouses) and Encarsia formosa Beltsville strain (evaluated in 2 greenhouses) per plant for control of Bemisia argentifolii Bellow and Perring was determined on colored poinsettia plants grown under commercial conditions. Parasitoid efficacy was determined by making weekly population counts of B. argentifolii lifestages (excluding eggs) on plants exposed to parasitoids in biological control greenhouses and comparing final per leaf densities of B. argentifolii nymphs to those plants in insecticide treated greenhouses. At the 2 sites where E. eremicus was used, final nymphal densities ranged from 2-4 per leaf when a sales inspection protocol was employed at time of harvest. On insecticide-treated plants, nymphs ranged 0.02-0.18 per leaf but final whitefly densities in biological control greenhouses and insecticide greenhouses were commercially acceptable. Colored plants at one site where E. eremicus was used were harvested and sold without any insecticide use. At the second E. eremicus site, two sulfotepp applications were made at week 11 of the 16 week trial and colored plants were harvested without further use of insecticides. In comparison to insecticides, the cost of E. eremicus in 1995 ($2.70 per plant) was 30 times higher than using imidacloprid ($0.09 per plant) for B. argentifolii control. At the 2 sites where E. formosa Beltsville strain was released, trials were terminated early and insecticides were applied when B. argentifolii densities reached 4-6 live nymphs and pupae per leaf. Low emergence rates of E. formosa Beltsville strain may have been a major factor lowering the efficacy of this parasitoid in commercial greenhouses.
Fuel for cyclones: How the water vapor budget of a hurricane depends on its motion (2016)

Tropical cyclones are fueled by water vapor. Here we estimate the oceanic evaporation within an Atlantic hurricane to be less than one sixth of the total moisture flux precipitating over the same area. So how does the hurricane get the remaining water vapor? Our analysis of TRMM rainfall, MERRA atmospheric moisture and hurricane translation velocities suggests that access to water vapor relies on the hurricane's motion -- as it moves through the atmosphere, the hurricane consumes the water vapor it encounters. This depletion of atmospheric moisture by the hurricane leaves a dry footprint of suppressed rainfall in its wake. The thermodynamic efficiency of hurricanes -- defined as kinetic energy production divided by total latent heat release associated with the atmospheric moisture supply -- remains several times lower than Carnot efficiency even in the most intense hurricanes. Thus, maximum observed hurricane power cannot be explained by the thermodynamic Carnot limit.
Search for hyperdeformation in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Gd</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:mn>7</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1996)

A search was undertaken to look for evidence of hyperdeformation in $^{146,147}\mathrm{Gd}$. Three experiments employing Gammasphere for gamma-ray detection coupled with the Microball for channel selection via charged particle detection were carried out with increasing detection sensitivity and statistics. No definitive evidence for band structures that could be assigned to hyperdeformation could be found. Candidates previously reported are shown not to have properties consistent with a band structure. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
PS33 Unsurpervised detection of delamination in CFRP plates subjected to falling weight impact by the use of change in temperature characteristic of resistance (2010)

In the previous study, unsupervised detection of delamination cracks in CFRP plates using statistical analysis of temperature characteristic of resistance were developed to prevent electrical resistance changes caused by damages of electrical contact at electrodes. Delamination cracks change temperature characteristic of resistance of CFRP laminates. To detect delaminations without learning processes, electrical resistances of multiple segments of a CFRP laminate at high temperature are compared with those at low temperature and a statistical analysis method discriminates the change. Electrical resistance changes caused by damages of electrical contact at electrodes do not affect the temperature characteristic of resistance. This method has applicability to existing structures and can also detect initial defects. As a result of the previous study, delamination at least 5.3 mm in diameter subjected to a quasi-static load in a quasi-isotropic-plied CFRP plate was detectable without intact data. The diagnosis was not affected by damages of electrical contact at electrodes except for perforated lack of an electrode. The present study employs the unsupervised detection method of delamination cracks and damages of electrical contact at an electrode subjected to falling weight impact loads, and dents subjected to quasi-static loads.
The Na+, K+-ATPase Pump is Essential for Regeneration of the Injured Adult Central Nervous System (2008)

INTRODUCTION: After injury to the adult central nervous system, various genes are activated, some of which are related specifically to regeneration of the injured neurons. Here, we show that the Na/K ATPase pump is upregulated in neurons that were able to regenerate after injury compared with injured neurons that did not regenerate; the pump's protein level and activity in the cell are increased and, when inhibited, regeneration is suppressed. METHODS: In an optic nerve model of regeneration, in which a peripheral nerve segment was grafted to the cut edge of an optic nerve, approximately 1% of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) regenerated through the graft. Using a cell dissociation protocol followed by flow cytometry, the regenerated neurons were separated from the non-regenerated ones. Subsequently, ribonucleic acid extraction and complimentary deoxyribonucleic acid microarray analysis allowed us to compare the gene expression patterns of the two populations of RGCs; real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, in vitro activity levels, in vivo treatment with a Na/K ATPase pump antagonist, and in vivo regeneration studies on mice that underexpress the Na/K ATPase gene were performed to confirm the importance of this gene in regeneration. RESULTS: Twenty-five genes were upregulated in the injured regenerated neurons compared with injured nonregenerated neurons. The Na/K ATPase pump was upregulated 100-fold, and its protein and in vitro activity levels were increased in the regenerated neurons. Suppressing this activity in rats treated with digoxin (a specific pump antagonist), as well as using heterozygous Na/K ATPase knockout mice both shut down regeneration of the injured neurons in vivo. CONCLUSION: For the first time, we differentiate signals associated with CNS regeneration from those associated with injury alone. In addition, we show that the Na/K ATPase pump plays a significant role in central nervous system regeneration.
IL-7 and CD4 T Follicular Helper Cells in HIV-1 Infection (2017)

IL-7 was previously shown to upregulate the expression of molecules important for interaction of CD4+ T cells with B cells. It is poorly studied whether IL-7 has a role in the biology of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and whether IL-7 dysregulates the expression of B-cell costimulatory molecules on Tfh cells. We review the literature and provide arguments in favor of IL-7 being involved in the biology of human Tfh cells. The CD127 IL-7 receptor is expressed on circulating Tfh and non-Tfh cells, and we show that IL-7, but not IL-6 or IL-21, upregulates the expression of CD70 and PD-1 on these cells. We conclude that IL-7, a cytokine whose level is elevated during HIV-1 infection, may have a role in increased expression of B cell costimulatory molecules on Tfh cells and lead to abnormal B cell differentiation.
Increased pressor function of central vasopressinergic system in hypertensive renin transgenic rats (1998)

The results indicate that the elevated blood pressure in TGR(mRen2)27 rats is partly caused by increased function of the brain angiotensinergic AT1 and vasopressinergic V1 systems. Centrally released AVP is involved in mediation of the pressor effect exerted by centrally applied angiotensin II in TGR(mRen2)27 rats.
Effet de la fertilisation avec des engrais contenant du sélénium sur le statut sélénique de bovins Blanc-Bleu Belge : résultats préliminaires (2004)

peer reviewed
Contact metallurgy development for VLSI logic (1987)

The criteria involved with the choice of an ohmic contact material for VLSI logic are discussed. The problems of aluminum penetration encountered with Al metallization and solid-phase epitaxy associated with Al-Si metallization make these interconnect materials incompatible with VLSI technology. The contact resistance characteristics of palladium and platinum silicides were compared to the contact resistance obtained using a titanium contact layer. The contact resistance of palladium silicide increased with extended annealing at 400°C, while the PtSi and Ti contact materials exhibited stable contact resistance under these conditions. A Ti/Al-Cu/Si process which is compatible with a lift-off patterning technique and partial coverage of contacts is described. Rutherford backscattering results indicate that copper and silicon additions to the aluminum metallization retard the Ti-Al reaction. SIMS data show that silicon in Ti/Al-Cu/Si films redistributes during heat treatment, accumulating at the Ti/Al-Cu interface.