gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Research on Ill-conditioned Problem and Modeling Precision in GM (2006)

To solve the ill-conditioned problem and the modeling precision in grey prediction control GM(1,1) model, a new simple and effective method is presented. This method is based on multiple transformation to original series and center parallel moving transformation to AGO series, that is, a new grey optimization model based on affine transformation is proposed. Firstly, the parameter relationships and properties of the new model are discussed. Secondly, Based on the condition number and the modeling precision, a multi-objective optimization model is set up. By solving the model and choosing coefficients M and p, the condition number of coefficient matrix can be controlled, meanwhile, the prediction accuracy of the original grey model is improved. Finally, we use an application example for our case study to test the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method.
Effects of Salinomycin on Cancer Stem Cell in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells (2011)

Lung cancer is a leading cause of death in human. Cancer stem cells have been regarded as basis for failure of current therapeutic options. Salinomycin was shown to kill these cancer stem cells in some types of cancer such as breast cancer and leukemia. The in vitro anticancer activities of salinomycin have been validated against the lung cancer cell line A549 via sulforhodamine B and colony formation assay. Salinomycin has been demonstrated to significantly rupture the in vitro lung cancer tumorospheres from ALDH positive A549 lung cells using flow cytometry. Expression of stem cell markers OCT-4, NANOG and SOX2 in ALDH positive A549 lung cells was decreased significantly by real-time RT-PCR analysis after 24 hour salinomycin treatment. Taken together, salinomycin may provide a promising approach for lung cancer chemotherapy.
Radiative Cooling: Principles, Progress, and Potentials (2016)

The recent progress on radiative cooling reveals its potential for applications in highly efficient passive cooling. This approach utilizes the maximized emission of infrared thermal radiation through the atmospheric window for releasing heat and minimized absorption of incoming atmospheric radiation. These simultaneous processes can lead to a device temperature substantially below the ambient temperature. Although the application of radiative cooling for nighttime cooling was demonstrated a few decades ago, significant cooling under direct sunlight has been achieved only recently, indicating its potential as a practical passive cooler during the day. In this article, the basic principles of radiative cooling and its performance characteristics for nonradiative contributions, solar radiation, and atmospheric conditions are discussed. The recent advancements over the traditional approaches and their material and structural characteristics are outlined. The key characteristics of the thermal radiators and solar reflectors of the current state-of-the-art radiative coolers are evaluated and their benchmarks are remarked for the peak cooling ability. The scopes for further improvements on radiative cooling efficiency for optimized device characteristics are also theoretically estimated.
Estimating individual glomerular volume in the human kidney: clinical perspectives (2011)

Multiple comorbidities for CKD are associated with increased IGV mean and variance within subjects, including overweight, obesity and hypertension. Zonal selection and the number of sampled glomeruli do not represent drawbacks for future longitudinal biopsy-based studies of glomerular size and distribution.
Estimating Taxi Demand-Supply Level Using Taxi Trajectory Data Stream (2015)

Taxis provide a flexible and indispensable service to satisfy the urban travel demand of public commuters. Understanding taxi supply and commuter demand, especially the imbalance between the supply and the demand, would directly help to improve the quality of taxi service and eventually increase a city's traffic system efficiency. In this paper, we consider the taxi demand from a region during a period of time to include two parts: satisfied demand, i.e., passengers successfully receive taxi service during this period of time, and unmet demand, i.e., passengers are still waiting for taxi service. To properly estimate the demand-supply level (short for "the level of the taxi demand vs. supply imbalance"), we propose a novel indicator that reflects how fast an available taxi is taken in any given region. Accordingly, we design and implement a taxi analytics system to provide such information in near real time. Finally, we use the passenger waiting time survey data and the taxi streaming data to validate the proposed indicator on the built taxi analytics system.
Purification of mammalian histidyl-tRNA synthetase and its interaction with myositis-specific anti-Jo-1 antibodies (1987)

Histidyl-tRNA synthetase is purified to near homogeneity from rat liver. The subunit molecular weight of histidyl-tRNA synthetase is 50,000, as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The Stokes radius and the sedimentation coefficient of histidyl-tRNA synthetase are 38 A and 6.0 S, respectively. The native molecular weight of histidyl-tRNA synthetase is calculated to be 96,000 on the basis of its hydrodynamic properties. The purified histidyl-tRNA synthetase reacts with the myositis-specific anti-Jo-1 antibodies. Anti-Jo-1 immunoglobulin G reacts with the native form of histidyl-tRNA synthetase and does not react or only weakly reacts with the denatured form. The anti-Jo-1 antibodies exhibit stronger inhibition toward histidyl-tRNA synthetase that has been preincubated with tRNA than that without preincubation. Anti-Jo-1 antibodies behave as a noncompetitive inhibitor with respect to tRNA in the aminoacylation reaction catalyzed by histidyl-tRNA synthetase. The structural features of the antigen of the anti-Jo-1 antibodies in light of these results are discussed.
TUBE FEEDING (1986)

Barbara Jo Anderson, RN, MSN, is program director, Coma Care Program, New Medico, Inc., North Andover, MA.
Methylation of repetitive DNA sequences in the brain during aging of the rat (1989)

Methylation of repetitive DNA sequences (RDS) of the genomic DNA of the brain of 15- and 88-week old rats was analysed by digestion with HpaII, MspI, EcoRI + HpaII and EcoRI + MspI followed by end-labelling. mCpG doublets are present in two RDS of approximately 5 and 0.4 kb, and are also randomly distributed throughout the genome. Hemimethylated mCpC doublets also occur. Both mCpG and mCpC doublets are found more in the old than in the young. This age-related increase in DNA methylation occurs both at CCGG sites of the RDS and in the entire genome. Such increase in DNA methylation may alter chromatin conformation and gene expression in the brain as the rat ages.
miRNAs in breast cancer tumorigenesis (Review) (2011)

miRNAs are small, endogenous, non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate protein-coding mRNAs at the post-transcriptional level. It is estimated that in humans thousands of miRNAs are expressed and more than 700 miRNAs have been described to date. About 50% of annotated human miRNAs are detected in regions of fragile sites, which are associated with cancer. The available evidence has shown that miRNAs widely participate in the development or progression of many types of cancers, including breast cancer. The role of miRNAs in breast cancer has been widely investigated; here, we will focus on what is known about the working mechanism of miRNAs in different stages of breast cancer development.
Digital Video Recording for Television Broadcasting (1975)

Videotape recorders have existed since 1956 and over the years have been perfected to the point where they provide a virtually “transparent” storage medium; the average viewer cannot distinguish a taped production from a live one. Nevertheless, the supremacy of these conventional analog VTRs is about to be challenged by rapidly developing digital technology. Digital VTRs, which may be commercially available in the next 5 to 10 years, are expected to provide the advantages of automatic operation and potentially lower operating costs. Multiple generations of programs (copies of copies) may be possible with little or no degradation with digital VTRs. Two major problem areas in the development of digital VTRs are how to reduce the very high bit rate required (presently on the order of 100 megabits/second) and at the same time reduce the error rate to about 1 part in 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7.</sup> Intense efforts are being made to meet these requirements with very efficient encoding and with error correction and detection circuits. It is thought that exotic storage techniques such as laser-beam holography on thermoplastic film will become practical too late to influence the near-term market for digital magnetic VTRs.
A two-layer window-based fairness control scheme for rings with spatial reuse (1999)

Quota-based fairness control on a ring with spatial reuse inherently brings about bandwidth waste due to a nature of fairness control. This paper suggests a cycle window and proposes a fairness control scheme based on a two-layer window composed of cycle and packet windows, under which the otherwise wasted bandwidth can be reused to carry, in advance, packets allocated to future fairness cycles.
A framework for verification and validation of integrated and adaptive control systems (2002)

This paper summarizes a project that seeks to extend previous work in formal methods, functional languages, adaptive control and hybrid control to establish a methodology and a framework for validation and verification of adaptive/intelligent software systems. We are working to apply recent results in creating logical abstractions in Haskell to build a capability for automatic verification of new or modified components which meet the constraints imposed on the resulting system. As components become ready for use, we intend to apply the specification for the Open Control Platform, currently under development as part of the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Software-Enabled Control project, as the definition of our distributed control platform. Our approach emphasizes the use of off-line verification and validation techniques to establish ranges of parameter variations to be allowed by the adaptive/intelligent control software and online techniques to ensure that approved constraints are being met. We are in the process of developing an engineering plan to demonstrate use of the binary decision diagram (BDD) and Stanford Validity Checker (SVC) extensions to Haskell to automatically validate an adaptive, online control law redesign and implementation to meet performance specifications. This implementation will be designed to demonstrate an initial capability that can be extended to other adaptive and intelligent control systems safety critical tasks.
Adalimumab for treating rheumatoid arthritis (2005)

On the basis of the studies reviewed here, adalimumab in combination with methotrexate is efficacious and safe in the treatment of the rheumatoid arthritis. Adalimumab 40 mg sc e.o.w. and 20 mg e.w. slows the radiographic progression at 52 weeks. Adalimumab in combination with DMARDs other than methotrexate is also efficacious and safe, even though data from one only study are available and the number of patients in each group is low. Adalimumab in monotherapy is efficacious and safe in the treatment of the rheumatoid arthritis but the effect size is lower than with combined therapy.
Aliphatic polyesters. III. Molecular weight and molecular weight distribution in alcohol‐initiated polymerizations of ϵ‐caprolactone (1982)

Abstract The effect of initiation of ϵ‐caprolactone polymerization with mono‐ and polyfunctional alcohols was investigated. The resulting linear and starshaped polymers were characterized by measurement of the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. The polymerizations were characterized by (1) rapid initiation, (2) invariance of the number of growing chains corresponding to the amount of initiator, and (3) a dominant role played by ester interchange reactions.
[Investigation of ribosomes of E. coli and T. maritima by atomic force microscopy]. (2006)

Subunits 70S, 50S, and 30S of ribosomes of E. coli and T. maritima have been studied by atomic force microscopy. A considerable heterogeneity of structures was visualized when 70S and 30S subunits were sorbed on mica. The linear size and the height of molecules were estimated. It was found that the heights of ribosomes of E. coli and T. maritima substantially differ. The average height of 70S ribosomes of E. coli was 9.4 + 0.01 nm and that of T. maritima was 10.35 +/- 0.02 nm. The differences in the dimensions were probably determined by special organization of the mobile ribosomal element the L7/L12-stalk.
Development of electrodes for the NASA iron/chromium redox system and factors affecting their performance (1984)

This program was directed primarily to the development of the negative (Cr/sup 3 +//Cr/sup 2 +/) electrode for the NASA chromous/ferric redox battery. The investigation of the effects of substrate processing and gold/lead catalyzation parameters on electrochemical performance were continued in this phase. In addition, the effects of reactant cross-mixing, acidity level, and temperature were examined for both redox couples. Finally, the performance of optimized electrodes was tested in system hardware (1/3 square foot single cell).
MoSi2 의 저온 산화 피막 생성 거동 (2000)

MoSi₂ is a very promising high temperature structure material for its excellent oxidation resistance and mechanical properties at high temperatures with relatively low weight. For the extensive use of MoSi₂, however, problems such as pesting, disintegration of MoSi₂ during oxidation, should be taken care of. The initial step of posting in MoSi₂ is reported to occur by a simultaneous oxidation of Mo and Si, with some variation on the oxidation temperature. To investigate the posting in MoSi₂, this study focused on the simultaneous oxidation temperature of Mo and Si and the nucleation and growth of oxides formed at 593∼793 K. In this study, MoSi₂ was produced by spark plasma sintering(SPS) and then oxidized at 593∼1093K. The simultaneous oxidation of Mo and Si took place below 893 K while selective oxidation of Si occurred above 993 K. The weight gain of MoSi₂ was the highest at about 693 K. SEM analyses of the specimens oxidated at 693 K showed a lot of MoO₃, most of which were believed to be preicipitated at or around defects in matrix including SiO₂ particles.
Daclizumab induction in solid organ transplantation (2004)

Antibody induction therapy is used in solid organ transplantation to prevent rejection in the early postoperative period. It is especially useful in high-risk groups such as retransplants, patients with delayed graft function to delay the initiation of nephrotoxic calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus, cyclosporin), highly sensitised recipients and African-American recipients. Historically, antibody induction has been associated with a high incidence of adverse effects and a complicated administration regimen. Daclizumab is a monoclonal antibody that exerts its effect by binding to the alpha subunit (CD25) of the human interleukin (IL)-2 receptor on the surface of activated lymphocytes, thus preventing the binding of IL-2. It is used for induction therapy and is well-tolerated with easy administration. Although originally studied as a five-dose regimen, there is a growing accumulation of data that fewer doses (two or three) are efficacious and less costly for preventing rejection.
Fundamentals of Terrestrial Millimeter-Wave and THz Remote Sensing (2003)

Having long been the realm of molecular chemistry, astronomy, and plasma diagnostics, the upper millimeter-wave band (~100 to 300 GHz) and the THz region above it have recently become the subject of heightened activity in the engineering community because of exciting new technology (e.g., sub-picosecond optoelectronics) and promising new "terrestrial" applications (e.g., counter-terrorism and medical imaging). The most challenging of these applications are arguably those that demand remote sensing at a stand-off of roughly 10 m or more between the target and the sensor system. As in any other spectral region, remote sensing in the THz region brings up the complex issues of sensor modality and architecture, free-space electromagnetic effects and components, transmit and receive electronics, signal processing, and atmospheric propagation. Unlike other spectral regions, there is not much literature that addresses these issues from a conceptual or system-engineering viewpoint. So a key theme of this chapter is to review or derive the essential engineering concepts in a comprehensive fashion, starting with fundamental principles of electromagnetics, quantum mechanics, and signal processing, and building up to tradc-off formulations using system-level metrics such as noise-equivalent power and receiver operating characteristics. A secondary theme is to elucidate aspects of the THz region and its incumbent technology that are unique, whether advantageous or disadvantageous, relative to other spectral regions. The end goal is to provide a useful tutorial for graduate students or practicing engineers considering the upper mm-wave or THz regions for system research or development.
Vasopeptidase inhibitors: potential role in the treatment of heart failure. (2001)

Current thinking views the progression of heart failure as the result of sustained activation of vasoconstrictor neurohormones. In this model, the sustained synthesis of vasoconstrictor neurohormones leads to disease progression through alterations in cardiomyocyte structure and function, which affects myocardial contractility, cardiac metabolism, and cellular growth. Ultimately, these events induce irreversible adverse ventricular remodeling through myocyte cell loss and progressive myocardial fibrosis. In the past decade, several landmark clinical trials tested the neurohormonal hypothesis, by targeting the activation of both the beta-adrenergic and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems. Although the observed decrease in mortality using this strategy in heart failure populations was encouraging, morbidity and mortality levels remained elevated, and it has now been shown that several other humoral interactions are at play and potentially deserve antagonizing, or in the case of vasodilator neurohormones, deserve stimulation. It is known a family of vasodilator neurohormones - the natriuretic peptides - that have natriuretic, vasodilatory, and antiproliferative effects, endogenously inhibit the renin-angiotensin system. These peptides are degraded primarily by a neutral endopeptidase (NEP), an endothelial cell-surface zinc metallopeptidase, which shares a similar structure and catalytic site with the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). NEPs have broad substrate specificity, encompassing atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide, and C-type natriuretic peptide, but also bradykinin and adrenomedullin. The recognition that ACE and NEP enzymes had related structures, led to the design and development of a class of molecules with a dual inhibitory effect on ACE and NEP, referred to as vasopeptidase inhibitors. Preliminary clinical trials in heart failure with vasopeptidase inhibitors have become available and show promising results. Thus, the combined inhibition of ACE and NEP, by attenuating excessive vasoconstriction and enhancing vasodilator substances, holds promise as a valuable option in heart failure treatment for the near future.
Functional Ionic liquids-a new photoinitiator and its UV-curing properties (2011)

Two acetophenone-imidazolium photoinitiator with acetophenone derivatives as raw material were synthesized. They are as follows: 1-(p-hydroxy-acetophenoe)-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluorborate, 1-(p-hydroxy-acetophenoe)- 3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate. Their structures were characterized by FT-IR and H <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> NMR. Their initiating activities were tested. The results showed that these products have good compatibility with polyurethance acrylate and initiating activities. It was proved that the hardness of the films in this curing system was about 3H after irradiation of UV.
NFκB-dependent Down-regulation of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-associated Proteins Contributes to Interleukin-1-mediated Enhancement of Ultraviolet B-induced Apoptosis (2005)

Activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB) by inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis (TNF) factor and interleukin-1 (IL-1) is generally associated with the induction of antiapoptotic pathways. Therefore, NFkappaB inhibits both intrinsically and extrinsically induced apoptosis and thus is regarded to act universally in an antiapoptotic fashion. Accordingly, activation of NFkappaB by IL-1 was shown to result in reduction of death ligand-induced apoptosis via up-regulation of antiapoptotic inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). In contrast, apoptosis induced by ultraviolet-B radiation (UVB) was shown to be enhanced in an NFkappaB-dependent manner, indicating that NFkappaB can also act in a proapoptotic fashion. This study investigates the molecular mechanisms underlying IL-1-mediated enhancement of UVB-induced apoptosis. We show that NFkappaB activation in costimulation with UVB treatment results in repression of antiapoptotic genes and consequently in down-regulation of the respective proteins, like c-IAP, FLICE-inhibitory protein (FLIP), and some members of the TNF receptor-associated (TRAF)2 protein family. In parallel, TNFalpha is released, leading to activation of signaling pathways mediated by TNF receptor-1 (TNF-R1). Although TNF is well known to induce both proapoptotic and antiapoptotic effects, the down-regulated levels of TRAF-1, -2, and -6 proteins by IL-1 plus UVB action leads to a shift toward promotion of the proapoptotic pathway. In concert with the down-regulation of IAPs and FLIP, TNF-R1 activation as an additional proapoptotic stimulus now results in significant enhancement of UVB-induced apoptosis. Taken together, elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying IL-1-mediated enhancement of UVB-induced apoptosis revealed that NFkappaB does not exclusively act in an antiapoptotic fashion but may also mediate proapoptotic effects.
A Hierarchical Multiscale Method for Two-Phase Flow Based upon Mixed Finite Elements and Nonuniform Coarse Grids (2006)

We analyze and further develop a hierarchical multiscale method for the numerical simulation of two-phase flow in highly heterogeneous porous media. The method is based upon a mixed finite-element formulation, where fine-scale features are incorporated into a set of coarse-grid basis functions for the flow velocities. By using the multiscale basis functions, we can retain the efficiency of an upscaling method by solving the pressure equation on a (moderate-sized) coarse grid, while at the same time produce a detailed and conservative velocity field on the underlying fine grid. Earlier work has shown that the multiscale method performs excellently on highly heterogeneous cases using uniform coarse grids. In this paper, we extend the methodology to nonuniform and unstructured coarse grids and discuss various formulations for generating the coarse-grid basis functions. Moreover, we focus on the impact of large-scale features such as barriers or high-permeable channels and discuss potentially problematic flow cases. To improve the accuracy of the multiscale solution, we introduce adaptive strategies for the coarse grids, based on either local hierarchical refinement or adaptation of the coarse grid more directly to large-scale permeability structures of arbitrary shape. The resulting method is very flexible with respect to the size and the geometry of coarse-grid cells, meaning that grid refinement/adaptation can be performed in a straightforward manner. The suggested strategies are illustrated in several numerical experiments.