gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the Major Envelope Protein from Escherichia coli (1974)

The major envelope protein from Escherichia coli has been purified by differential heat extraction in dodecyl sulfate and subsequently freed of the detergent. The polypeptide is homogeneous and has a mass of 36,500 daltons. Homogeneity is based on four criteria, three of which are independent of its behavior in detergents. Its molecular weight was established by three methods independent of dodecyl sulfate binding and agrees with that derived from the mobility of the major band observed in standard dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoretic analysis of unfractionated cell envelopes after treatment at 100°. The mass of the protein is accounted for entirely, or nearly entirely, by the mass of its constituent amino acids. These results imply that dodecyl sulfate is bound in amounts corresponding to those found in most polypeptides. The protein was also isolated in association with the rigid layer of the cell by extraction of cell envelopes in 2 % dodecyl sulfate at 60°. This complex is composed of about 65 % envelope protein, the remaining mass being accounted for largely by the peptidoglycan-lipoprotein structure. In this form the protein is completely resistant to trypsin, but upon dissociation it is quickly degraded to small fragments. Unlike the dissociated polypeptide, the complexed form of the protein does not bind dodecyl sulfate tightly even upon prolonged exposure to high excess at 60°. A large fraction of the polypeptide exists as β-structure, as determined by circular dichroism and infrared spectroscopy. The 105 copies of this polypeptide per cell are arranged in a lattice structure with hexagonal symmetry and a periodicity of 7.5 nm on the outer face of the peptidoglycan. The regular array observed appears to be closely related to its quaternary structure in vivo. All strains of E. coli tested contain this protein.
Implementation of IP Core of Fast Sine and Cosine Operation through FPGA (2012)

Through analysis of CORDIC algorithm principle, the CORDIC algorithm structure of pipeline architecture is designed in rotate mode. And the IP core of sine and cosine trigonometric function calculation from 0°to 360°is implemented through hardware description language VHDL based on the QuartusII software environment.
Visually searching the web for structural content (2010)

Searching the information is one of the daily activities in our living, where the web is the most common information repository. Effective and efficient search on the web is a key challenge. In this paper we propose a system for web search based on the visual structure (layout and colors) of web pages. Considering that interpretation of visual structures depends on individual perceptual characteristics, the creator and the searcher both participate in a session of expressing their own interpretation of layout and colors of a target web page. Web search is carried out by evaluating similarities between those visual page structures. This search scheme will help people to organize richer social networks with consideration of user's sensibility and preference to visual structural features.
Inhibition of metallopeptidases by flavonoids and related compounds. (2000)

To elucidate possible mechanisms of activity in medicinal plants containing flavonoids, the inhibitory potency of twenty flavones, flavonols, flavanones, phenylacrylic acids and various hydroxylated phenylacetic acids on the activity of neutral endopeptidase (NEP; EC 3.4.24.11), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE; EC 3.4.15.1) and aminopeptidase N (APN; EC 3.4.11.2) was investigated in vitro. The screening generally resulted that inhibition of these enzymes requires free hydroxyl groups at the flavone molecule. Flavone and methoxylated compounds (sinensetin) were without effects. Flavonoids with free hydroxyl functions in position 3',4' and 5,7 inhibited the activity of NEP (quercetin, luteolin, fisetin), with myricetin (IC50 = 42 microM) as strongest inhibitor. Inhibition of ACE and APN did not depend on this class of compounds and substitution pattern. E.g. 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and 4-methylcatechol (urinary metabolites of flavonoids) also inhibited both APN and ACE activity, but not NEP activity. The results demonstrate that some of the pharmacological activities of flavonoids might be related to the inhibition of metallopeptidases responsible for the splitting of regulatory neuropeptides.
Octamer-binding transcription factors: genomics and functions (2013)

The Octamer-binding proteins (Oct) are a group of highly conserved transcription factors that specifically bind to the octamer motif (ATGCAAAT) and closely related sequences in promoters and enhancers of a wide variety of genes. Oct factors belong to the larger family of POU domain factors that are characterized by the presence of an amino-terminal specific subdomain (POUS) and a carboxyl-terminal homeo-subdomain (POUH). Eleven Oct proteins have been named (Oct1-11), and currently, eight genes encoding Oct proteins (Oct1, Oct2, Oct3/4, Oct6, Oct7, Oct8, Oct9, and Oct11) have been cloned. Oct1 and Oct2 are widely expressed in adult tissues, while other Oct proteins are much more restricted in their expression patterns. Oct proteins are implicated in crucial and versatile biological events, such as embryogenesis, neurogenesis, immunity, and body glucose and amino acid metabolism. The aberrant expression and null function of Oct proteins have also been linked to various diseases, including deafness, diabetes and cancer. In this review, I will report both the genomic structure and major functions of individual Oct proteins in physiological and pathological processes.
Quality Maintenance in Fresh Fruits and Vegetables by Controlled Atmospheres (1989)

Postharvest quality maintenance in fresh fruits and vegetables is greatly influenced by the temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric composition (oxygen, carbon dioxide, and ethylene concentrations) of their environment. The optimum controlled atmosphere (CA) conditions for maintaining quality between harvest and consumption vary among commodities and cultivars. CA conditions retard loss of chlorophyll (green color), biosynthesis of carotenoids (yellow and orange colors) and anthocyanins (red and blue colors), and biosynthesis and oxidation of phenolic compounds (brown color). Textural quality is affected since the activity of polygalacturonase and solubilization of pectins that cause fruit softening and lignification leading to toughening of vegetables are delayed under CA conditioning. CA also influences flavor quality by reducing loss of acidity, starch to sugar conversion, interconversions of sugars, and biosynthesis of flavor volatiles. Retention of ascorbic acid and other vitamins result in better nutritional quality to fruits and vegetables kept under CA conditions.
Perturbation and Variational Methods in Nonextensive Tsallis Statistics (1998)

A unified presentation of the perturbation and variational methods for the generalized statistical mechanics based on Tsallis entropy is given here. In the case of the variational method, the Bogoliubov inequality is generalized in a very natural way following the Feynman proof for the usual statistical mechanics. The inequality turns out to be form invariant with respect to the entropic index $q$. The method is illustrated with a simple example in classical mechanics. The formalisms developed here are expected to be useful in the discussion of nonextensive systems.
A mobility-assisted protocol for supervised learning of link quality estimates in wireless networks (2012)

In this paper we propose MAPPLE, a novel method to learn link quality estimates in wireless networks. The method is a two-step process that combines a online distributed protocol, for gathering link quality measurements, with a supervised learning approach, for offline data processing and model building. The distributed protocol exploits channel probing and node mobility, while the offline learning is based on Support Vector Regression (SVR). The core idea is to use the online protocol to dynamically reshape a given network to generate a large number of different network configurations from which we sample, through the transmission of probe packets, link quality measures. Each measure is associated to a vector of network features, related to interference, traffic loads, and local topology, that jointly contribute to the definition of the observed link quality. Quality measures and network features are used to train the SVR model for link quality prediction. We validate our approach by extensive simulation tests, showing the good link quality prediction accuracy of the system, as well as its ability to generalize to networks much larger than the ones used to gather the training data.
An introduction to FlexRay as an industrial network (2008)

The FlexRay Protocol was developed by the FlexRay consortium which was started when BMW and DaimlerChrysler worked together to create a new network scheme that would suit their current and future needs. They were soon joined by other companies such as Bosch and Phillips [1]. FlexRay is set to become widely used in the automotive industry where it will replace or support existing networking schemes such as CAN. It has already been implemented by BMW in the 2006 X5 [2]. This paper will introduce the key features of the FlexRay protocol and where relevant it will be compared it to CAN and the existing Fieldbus technologies such as PROFIBUS and Foundation Fieldbus.
Tracking Algorithm Based on Space Correlation of Background Characteristics (2012)

As the infrared images of small and dim targets under skyey background have few characteristics,the traditional detection and tracking algorithm based on time-correlation of geometry and grain characteristics can not implemented steady track and is not real-time,a target detection and tracking algorithm which makes use of the special correlation of the background characteristics to detect target is presented in this paper,the temporal correlation of the targets grey characteristics and movement characteristics to implement inertial track.The experimental results show that the algorithm can track dim target stably,and it can fulfill the real-time demand.
Theory of superconductivity in the presence of electron-hole pairing in semi-metals at T = 0 (1973)

The possibility of simultaneous Cooper pairing of electrons within each of the bands (S) and of electron-hole pairing (D) is studied in the isotropic model of a semi-metal with overlapping bands with allowance for Coulomb interaction and structural instability. An equation describing the metastable SD phase at T = 0 is obtained for equal electron and hole concentrations. The influence of S and D pairings on each other is studied for a doped semi-metal. It is shown that under certain conditions D pairing leads to an increase of the critical temperature of the superconductor. The regions of existence of S, D and SD phases are found at T = 0 (in dependence on the ratio of the coupling constants) and the nature of the phase transitions between them is determined. (auth)
Led: Localization-Quality Estimation Embedded Detector (2018)

Classification subnetwork and box regression subnetwork are essential components in deep networks for object detection. However, we observe a contradiction that before NMS, some better localized detections do not correspond to higher classification confidences, and vice versa. This contradiction exists because classification confidences can not fully reflect the localization-quality (loc-quality) of each detection. In this work, we propose the Localization-quality Estimation embedded Detector abbreviated as LED, and a corresponding detection pipeline. In this detection pipeline, we first propose an accurate loc-quality estimation method for each detection, then combine the loc-quality with the corresponding classification confidence during inference to make each detection more reasonable and accurate. For efficiency, LED is designed as an one-stage network. Extensive experiments are conducted on Pascal VOC 2007 and KITTI car detection datasets to demonstrate the effectiveness of LED.
A Review of the Development in the Field of Fiber Optic Communication Systems (2014)

Abstract—This paper presents a review of the latest research and development in the field of fibre optic communication system. Remarkable developments can be seen in the field of optical fibre communication in the last decade. Wide-bandwidth signal transmission with low latency is emerging as a key requirement in a number of applications, including the development of future exaflopscale supercomputers, financial algorithmic trading and cloud computing. Optical fibres provide unsurpassed transmission bandwidth, Optical fibre is now the transmission medium of &apos; choice for long distance and high bit rate transmission in telecommunications networks.
Texture information in run-length matrices (1998)

We use a multilevel dominant eigenvector estimation algorithm to develop a new run-length texture feature extraction algorithm that preserves much of the texture information in run-length matrices and significantly improves image classification accuracy over traditional run-length techniques. The advantage of this approach is demonstrated experimentally by the classification of two texture data sets. Comparisons with other methods demonstrate that the run-length matrices contain great discriminatory information and that a good method of extracting such information is of paramount importance to successful classification.
Variable Area Turbocharger for High Output Diesel Engines (1979)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">High output turbocharged diesel engines require efficient air delivery systems with high pressure ratio, broad range and surge-free compressors of very high efficiency. Similarly, high efficiency turbines with variable stators will be needed to maintain high turbine speed at times when engine speed and airflow are low.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The turbocharger that evolved in a U.S. Army TARADCOM sponsored program to meet these goals has a backward curved centrifugal compressor with a wedge type moveable vane diffuser for surge control and a radial inflow turbine with individually pivoted nozzle vanes for inlet flow area control.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">After several design iterations and bench tests, extensive engine tests were conducted to demonstrate the substantial improvements in diesel engine performance that are attainable with these turbochargers.</div>
Dynamic Elasto-Plastic Analysis on the Steel Spatial Arch Truss with 30 m Span and 0.1 Rise-Span Ratio (2011)

Abstract. In this paper, the elasto-plastic dynamic analysis on the steel spatial arch truss with 30 m span and 0.1 rise-span ratio is carried out under earthquake wave with SAP2000. In the analyses, the geometric and material nonlinear effects are considered at the same time based on the plastic-hinge theory. Under the action of EL wave with the peak increasing gradually, its elasto-plastic dynamic responses have been obtained. The results show that its failure mode under the earthquake action is elasto-plastic dynamic buckling; that its critical peak acceleration of EL earthquake wave when applied in horizontal direction is 517 gal, and is 387 gal when applied in vertical direction; The ratio of its maximal node horizontal displacement and its structural height is 1/96, and its displacement ductility coefficient is 2.636; The ratio of its maximal node vertical displacement and its structural span is 1/589, and its displacement ductility coefficient is 1.08.
A segmental analysis of current and future scanning and optimizing technology in the hardwood sawmill industry (2002)

A nationwide survey of advanced scanning and optimizing technology in the hardwood sawmill industry was conducted in the fall of 1999. Three specific hardwood sawmill technologies were examined that included current edger-optimizer systems, future edger-optimizer systems, and future automated grading systems. The objectives of the research were to determine differences between user groups for advanced scanning and optimizing technologies and to identify company expectations of these technologies. Three comparison groupings were used including company size, sawmill technology, and National Hardwood Lumber Association affiliation. These objectives were chosen because timely information for this technology was not available. The survey consisted of a mail questionnaire sent to over 2,000 hardwood sawmills. Adoption decision factors for scanning and optimizing technologies were rated on a 7-point Likert-type scale. Improved raw material recovery and increased lumber revenues were the two most highly rated factors for both current edger-optimizer and future edger-optimizer systems, Accuracy of grading and system lifespan were the most highly rated factors for automated grading systems. Responding companies expressed concern over the high initial cost of such technology; however, a short return on investment outweighed the high initial cost issue in many cases. For those that have adopted advanced scanning and optimizing technology, production-related issues were the driving factors.
Polarographische Untersuchungen an den Aromaten‐Komplexen des Chroms (1957)

Abstract Ungeladenes Di‐benzol‐chrom (0) und Di‐benzol‐chrom(I)‐Kation wurden polarographisch in nichtwäßrigen CH 3 OH‐C 6 H 6 ‐Lösungen untersucht. Sie bilden ein Redoxsystem, das sich in nahezu reversibler Weise verhält; der elektrodische Reduktions‐ bzw. Oxydationsvorgang erfolgt bei ‐ 0,81 V vs n/2 Kal. El.
Delay Distortion in Weakly Guiding Optical Fibers Due to Elliptic Deformation of the Boundary (1972)

The delay distortion in glass fiber optical waveguides due to small elliptical deformations of the cross section is calculated. Simple approximations are given for the case of small differences in index of refraction between core and cladding (weak guidance). Since the delay distortion is quadratically dependent on the index difference it is found that it is generally possible to keep it negligible by judiciously choosing the guide parameters.
Recovery and Purification of Light Gases by Pressure Swing Adsorption (1983)

A cell model is presented for the description of the separation of two-component gas mixtures by pressure swing adsorption processes. Local equilibrium is assumed with linear, independent isotherms. The model is used to determine the light gas enrichment and recovery performance of a single-column recovery process and a two-column recovery and purification process. The results are discussed in general terms and with reference to the separation of helium and methane.
Cigarettes and the Skeleton (1994)

In this issue of the Journal Hopper and Seeman examine the effect of tobacco use on bone density by comparing female twins discordant for cigarette smoking1. The bone density of the women who smoked or who smoked more heavily was significantly lower than that of their twin sisters, and the pairs with the largest differences in tobacco use had the largest differences in bone density. In this and other studies, the bone density of the women who smoked or who smoked more heavily was between 0.5 and 1.5 SD lower than that of the women who did not smoke . . .
Non-Invasive Investigation of Endothelium-Dependent Dilatation of the Brachial Artery in Women with Primary Raynaud's Phenomenon (1998)

1. Primary Raynaud's phenomenon is characterized by white fingers and toes with impaired perfusion in response to cold or emotional stress. The aetiology has not been clarified. In previous studies we have demonstrated a season-linked inability in women with primary Raynaud's phenomenon to raise their plasma cGMP levels in response to whole-body cooling, suggesting a dysfunction of the L-arginine-NO-cGMP pathway. To further elucidate the possibility of such a defect in patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon, we determined flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery. 2. Twenty-two premenopausal, non-smoking women with primary Raynaud's phenomenon (mean age 39 +/- 8 years) and 23 healthy controls (mean age 41 +/- 7 years) were studied during two winter weeks. The diameter of the right arm brachial artery was measured by high resolution ultrasonography, at rest and during reactive hyperaemia. The investigation was conducted both with the participants at rest at room temperature and after 40 min of whole-body cooling. 3. Both study groups showed a marked attenuation of flow-mediated dilatation during whole-body cooling, which could partly but not solely be explained by a decreased shear rate. There was, however, no significant difference in flow-mediated diameter (D) increase (% flow-mediated dilatation; delta D/D x 100) between primary Raynaud's phenomenon and controls, either at room temperature (7.8 +/- 0.8 and 9.0 +/- 0.8) or in response to whole-body cooling (3.8 +/- 1.2 and 4.4 +/- 0.7). 4. Thus, whole-body cooling markedly impairs flow-mediated dilatation in women. Flow-mediated dilatation is, however, not decreased in women with primary Raynaud's phenomenon at room temperature or during whole-body cooling, indicating that this particular aspect of endothelial function is not impaired in this setting.
Minocycline for Huntington’s disease: An open label study (2003)

Despite advances in understanding the pathogenesis of Huntington’s disease (HD), there is no effective treatment. In the HD transgenic mouse, expression of a dominant-negative caspase-1 mutant extended survival and delayed the onset of symptoms, suggesting that caspase-1 is crucial in HD pathogenesis.1 In fact, the caspase inhibitor minocycline delayed disease progression and extended survival by 14% in the HD mouse model.2 Minocycline is a second-generation tetracycline commonly used for a prolonged period to treat acne. Minocycline crosses the blood–brain barrier and inhibits caspase-1 in acute stroke and decreases infarct size in a mouse stroke model.2 Minocycline protects neurons in mixed spinal cord cultures …
Wastewater purification to remove ammonium ions by the oxidation method (2006)

Wastewater purification to remove ammonium ions and carbamide by oxidation with hypochlorites of alkali and alkaline-earth metals was studied. The effect of various factors on the degree of purification was examined experimentally.
A New Experience (1951)

Bobby was hospitalized for a respiratory infection, but from him this student learned a lot about the care of the child with cerebral palsy.
The flicker fusion frequencies of six laboratory insects, and the response of the compound eye to mains fluorescent ‘ripple’ (1978)

ABSTRACT. The ERG response of the compound eye to single, brief, light pulses, to sustained stimulation for 2 s, and the dark adapted flicker‐fusion frequency (FFF) under stroboscopic light was measured in six species: Locusta migratoria (FFF range: 40–90 Hz), Periplaneta americana (25–60 Hz), Saturnia pavonia (65–85 Hz), Antheraea pernyi (25–70 Hz), Glossina morsitans (85–205 Hz) and Drosophila hydei (60–100 Hz). The first four species have typical ‘slow‐eyed’, monophasic ERG responses; the two flies typical ‘fast‐eyed’, biphasic responses. The FFF proved to be dependent on the state of light adaptation, being 40–70% higher than the above figures after only 2 min exposure to as little as 300 lx. Adult male Glossina , but not Locusta nymphs, showed a clear 100 Hz ERG ripple in response to single‐phase, mains fluorescent lighting. To three‐phase fluorescent lighting no 300 Hz ERG ripple was detected, but the 100 Hz component was still evident.
CMOS Voltage Level-Up Shifter – A Review (2013)

This paper presents a review on various CMOS voltage level shifters.A voltage level-shifter shifts the level of output voltage from a digital circuit.Level Shifter circuits are compared in terms of output voltage level, power consumption and delay.The input voltage is set to 1.6V.Simulations have been carried out in SPICE based on TSMC 0.18m CMOS technology.