gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Tunnel Source (PNPN) n-MOSFET: A Novel High Performance Transistor (2008)

As MOSFET is scaled below 90 nm, many daunting challenges arise. Short-channel effects (SCEs; drain-induced barrier lowering and V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">THmiddot</sub> rolloff), off-state leakage, parasitic capacitance, and resistance severely limit the performance of these transistors. New device innovations are essential to overcome these difficulties. In this paper, we propose the concept of a novel tunnel source (PNPN) n-MOSFET based on the principle of band-to- band tunneling. It is found that the PNPN n-MOSFET has the potential of steep subthreshold swing and improved Ion in addition to immunities against SCEs. Therefore, such a PNPN n-MOSFET can overcome the ever-degrading on-off characteristics of the deeply scaled conventional MOSFET. The design of the PNPN n-MOSFET was extensively examined using simulations. Devices with source-side tunneling junctions were fabricated on bulk substrates using spike anneal, and the experimental data is presented.
Quad-band inverse class-F power amplifier using novel composite right/left-handed transmission line (2010)

In this paper, a quad-band inverse class-F power amplifier using the novel composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission lines (TLs) is developing covering 700 MHz, 800 MHz, 1800 MHz, and 2140 MHz. The novel CRLH TL metamaterials with two left-handed (LH) (backward) and two right-handed (RH) (forward) pass bands are used for quad-band operation. The second- and third-harmonics for four bands are located on open and short impedances for high-efficiency inverse class-F power amplifier. With the inverse class-F output matching network based on the quad-band harmonic control circuits, the measured maximum power-added efficiency (PAE) of the proposed quad-band inverse class-F power amplifier is 58.2%, 50.3%, 48.6%, and 56.6% for an output power of 41.5 dBm, 39.7 dBm, 37.7 dBm, and 40.7 dBm at 700 MHz, 800 MHz, 1800 MHz, and 2140 MHz, respectively.
Functional Genotyping of Sulfurospirillum spp. in Mixed Cultures Allowed the Identification of a New Tetrachloroethene Reductive Dehalogenase (2013)

Reductive dehalogenases are the key enzymes involved in the anaerobic respiration of organohalides such as the widespread groundwater pollutant tetrachloroethene. The increasing number of available bacterial genomes and metagenomes gives access to hundreds of new putative reductive dehalogenase genes that display a high level of sequence diversity and for which substrate prediction remains very challenging. In this study, we present the development of a functional genotyping method targeting the diverse reductive dehalogenases present in Sulfurospirillum spp., which allowed us to unambiguously identify a new reductive dehalogenase from our tetrachloroethene-dechlorinating SL2 bacterial consortia. The new enzyme, named PceATCE, shows 92% sequence identity with the well-characterized PceA enzyme of Sulfurospirillum multivorans, but in contrast to the latter, it is restricted to tetrachloroethene as a substrate. Its apparent higher dechlorinating activity with tetrachloroethene likely allowed its selection and maintenance in the bacterial consortia among other enzymes showing broader substrate ranges. The sequence-substrate relationships within tetrachloroethene reductive dehalogenases are also discussed.
Pediatric Pseudotumor Cerebri (2012)

Although PTC most frequently occurs in obese females of childbearing age, the syndrome occurs in children as well.(3),(5) Prepubertal children with PTC have a lower incidence of obesity compared with adults and there is no sex predilection. The onset of puberty is best defined by the onset of secondary sexual characteristics such has menarche, pubic hair, and breast development. Children with PTC have a higher incidence of associated conditions and cranial nerve deficits compared with adults. Similar to adult patients, children are at risk for the development of permanent visual loss. In rare instances, children initially diagnosed with PTC will be found to harbor an intracranial neoplasm such as gliomatosis cerebri. An intracranial pressure of 28 cm H2O has recently been established as the upper limit of normal in children.31 Treatment is indicated for the symptomatic management of headaches and to preserve vision. Most children respond to medications such as acetazolamide, furosemide, or topiramate. Surgical treatment such as ONSF and shunting procedures are indicated for children with severe headaches, visual loss, or both despite maximal tolerated medical treatment.
A Poor Measure of the Wrong Thing: The Food Stamp Program's Quality Control System Discourages Participation by Working Families (2001)

This Note examines how the Food Stamp Program's quality control system has contributed to an unprecedented drop in the number of households receiving food stamps. Since the only practical measure of the program's effectiveness is the rate of error in distributing benefits, state administrators face tremendous pressure, in the form of fiscal sanctions from the federal government, to reduce errors. That emphasis has resulted in state policies designed to eliminate errors, but these state policies have had a harmful side-effect in discouraging, if not preventing, otherwise eligible households from participating in the program. This is due, in part, to the changing composition of households seeking food stamps. In particular, more eligible households are working at least part-time, yet remain poor enough to be eligible for food stamps. These households have complicated income characteristics that are a fertile source of administrative error. The states that have begun requiring households with earned income to recertify for the program more frequently have seen participation among these households decline notably. A number of similar state policy responses have resulted in a quality control system that favors the government interest in payment accuracy at the cost of unfairly burdening those participating and potentially eligible for the program. While merely adjusting the sanction policy would provide relief to states with high error rates, a more substantial overhaul of the measures used to monitor the Food Stamp Program would provide a more useful assessment of state performance and remove unnecessary barriers to participation.
Topical Antibiotics in Dermatology (1988)

Topical antibiotics are safe and effective in certain conditions, primarily acne, rosacea, and nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus. They are useful in impetigo only when it is of limited extent. Their efficacy in other pyodermas is unclear, although mupirocin is probably effective in many cases. In "infected eczema" that does not require systemic therapy they seem to add little to what topical corticosteroids alone achieve. They are ineffective in reducing the incidence of significant infection with indwelling intravenous catheters. They are safe preparations, but extensive use, especially in closed populations, may encourage the emergence of resistant bacteria.
Implementation of a Continuous Integration and Deployment Pipeline for Containerized Applications in Amazon Web Services Using Jenkins, Ansible and Kubernetes (2020)

Nowadays, cloud computing has become the go to solution for most enterprises. This has led to the introduction of DevOps techniques in which developers work closely with network engineers in order to ensure fast and reliable deployment of their applications. This paper presents an entire automated pipeline, starting with detecting changes in the Java-based web application source code, creating new resources in the Kubernetes cluster to host this new version and finally deploying the containerized application in AWS. The solution follows DevOps best practices and relies on Jenkins for the Continuous Integration stage. The novelty herein is that we used Ansible for Continuous Deployment thus increasing the scalability and overall ease of use. The solution ensures zero downtime and proves fast, even though it combines six different technologies and requires very few computational resources.
DEFINING QUEER: LESBIAN AND GAY VISIBILITY IN THE COURTROOM (2000)

On May 20, 1996, the United States Supreme Court decided Romer v. Evans, a landmark decision supporting gay and lesbian rights. The opinion struck down an amendment to the Colorado State Constitution, which prohibited state protection of lesbians and gay men. Although hailed as "undoubtedly the gay rights movement's most important legal victory, Romer lacked real political and social analysis. Its legalistic approach said little about the context of the decision and even less about the initiative's victims, the gay men and lesbians of Colorado. In fact, some authors have suggested that Romer is "missing pages," which create a "gap'' in its reasoning unless filled in by the political and social context of gay and lesbian experience.
The significance of CD44 variants expression in colorectal cancer and its regional lymph nodes (2000)

CD44 is a cell adhesion molecule with numerous isoforms created by mRNA alternative splicing. Expression of CD44 variants has been suggested to play a potential role in tumor progression and metastasis. We designed primers CD44V, CD44V6/7, CD44R1 and CD44V6-10 to analyze and compare the roles of each CD44 variants. Expressions of CD44 variants were investigated in normal colonic mucosa, the lymph nodes which was histopathologically free of cancer cell, and cancer tissues of 44 human colorectal cancer patients by RT-PCR method. The expression of CD44V was observed in 28 out of 39 (71.8%) tumors and 7 out of 11 (63.6%) N1 normal regional lymph nodes, and CD44V6/7 was observed in 28 out of 39 (71.8%) tumors and 9 out of 11 (81.8%) N1 normal regional lymph nodes. The expressions of CD44V and CD44V6/7 were most frequently observed compared with any other CD44 variants. In normal colonic mucosa, the expression of CD44 variants are low but in cancer tissue and its regional lymph node, the expression of CD44V and CD44V6/7 were significantly higher and more frequent than any other CD44 variants (p<0.05). These results suggest that CD44V and CD44V6/7 can be a molecular marker for colorectal cancer and its micrometastasis to the regional normal lymph node.
Semantics-based Summarization of Entities in Knowledge Graphs (2017)

Semantics-based Summarization of Entities in Knowledge Graphs
Why bicarbonate? 1 (2006)

Bicarbonate is a simple single carbon molecule that plays surprisingly important roles in diverse biological proc- esses. Among these are photosynthesis, the Krebs cycle, whole-body and cellular pH regulation, and volume regulation. Since bicarbonate is charged it is not permeable to lipid bilayers. Mammalian membranes thus contain bicarbonate trans- port proteins to facilitate the specific transmembrane movement of HCO3 - . This review provides a wide-ranging view of the biochemistry of bicarbonate and its membrane transporters, revealing what makes the study of bicarbonate transport
Time-Resolved Fluorescence Studies of Heterotropic Ligand Binding to Cytochrome P450 3A4 (2006)

Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) is a major enzymatic determinant of drug and xenobiotic metabolism that demonstrates remarkable substrate diversity and complex kinetic properties. The complex kinetics may result, in some cases, from multiple binding of ligands within the large active site or from an effector molecule acting at a distal allosteric site. Here, the fluorescent probe TNS (2-p-toluidinylnaphthalene-6-sulfonic acid) was characterized as an active site fluorescent ligand. UV-vis difference spectroscopy revealed a TNS-induced low-spin heme absorbance spectrum with an apparent K(d) of 25.4 +/- 2 microM. Catalytic turnover using 7-benzyloxyquinoline (7-BQ) as a substrate demonstrated TNS-dependent inhibition with an IC(50) of 9.9 +/- 0.1 microM. These results suggest that TNS binds in the CYP3A4 active site. The steady-state fluorescence of TNS increased upon binding to CYP3A4, and fluorescence titrations yielded a K(d) of 22.8 +/- 1 microM. Time-resolved frequency-domain measurement of TNS fluorescence lifetimes indicates a testosterone (TST)-dependent decrease in the excited-state lifetime of TNS, concomitant with a decrease in the steady-state fluorescence intensity. In contrast, the substrate erythromycin (ERY) had no effect on TNS lifetime, while it decreased the steady-state fluorescence intensity. Together, the results suggest that TNS binds in the active site of CYP3A4, while the first equivalent of TST binds at a distant allosteric effector site. Furthermore, the results are the first to indicate that TST bound to the effector site can modulate the environment of the heterotropic ligand.
Concurent Identification Using the Cascading Algorithm (1986)

One of the basic problems of controlling a system is the identification of the system parameters. This paper discusses a new method of parameter estimation called cascading, for use in adaptive control algorithms. The algorithm is shown to be as good as the recursive least squares algorithm for the identification of parameters in a non-noisy system and superior to it for noisy output signal parameter identification. The algorithm may be implemented on a sequential computer or a parallel computer such as ORAC. The cascade algorithm is particularly good when identifying jump parameters in a noisy system and overcomes the resetting of the gain matrix problem when using recursive least squares as a parameter estimator.
Development and Manufacture of Electroformed Conductor for Telephone Drop Wire (1953)

Telephone drop wire is that familiar black overhead wire which brings the telephone service to the home. It is a parallel pair of conductors separated and positioned in an extruded insulation, covered by a cotton serving and jacketed with a neoprene compound of tire tread-like qualities. In the past, a cast copper jacketed steel ingot, rolled and drawn to size, has been used to provide a wire that combines high strength and good conductivity. In order to assure more than a single source of supply and to provide improved mechanical and electrical characteristics, a completely new plant has been constructed for continuous plating of steel wire at completed size. This process provides a stronger, yet smaller and, therefore, less costly wire than was possible previously. Plating is done at 100 feet per minute on 25 wires simultaneously. The conductor is then processed as formerly to provide the neoprene jacketed drop wire.
Direct observation of a transient polymorph during crystallization (2010)

Application of a technique developed for in situ solid-state (13)C NMR studies of crystallization processes reveals direct evidence that crystallization of glycine from a methanol/water solution involves the initial transient formation of the beta polymorph, which then undergoes a solution-mediated polymorphic transformation to yield the more stable alpha polymorph.
The Formose Reaction: A Tool to Produce Synthetic Carbohydrates Within a Regenerative Life Support System (2012)

For long manned space missions, regenerative life support systems must provide carbohydrates. In addition to the necessity to develop such fully closed systems, the formose reaction (FR), the alkaline polymerisation of formaldehyde using Ca(OH)2, seems to be the only current single-step method for the production of synthetic carbohydrates. The FR received much attention with regard to edible carbohydrate production during the 1960s, 70s and 80s. In addition, its importance is also related to the prebiotic and interstellar synthesis of carbohydrates. This review gives an overview about the research attempts that have already been reported on the FR in the literature. The reaction system, mechanism, as well as basic physicochemical parameters are discussed. Many different research groups investigated the fundamentals of the FR as well as the side reaction (cannizzaro reaction (CR)) and downstream reaction (cross cannizzaro reaction (CCR)). In addition, a number of investigations focused on the selective synthesis of carbohydrates. Full conversion of formaldehyde leads to a very complex mixture of compounds, which represents an unfavourable downside of the FR-system. In order to minimize the product distribution, a partial formaldehyde conversion and variation of physicochemical parameters may be helpful. Finally, the FR-system is still not fully unravelled and represents an opportunity for exciting research. Keywords: Formose reaction, Aldol condensation, Physicochemical reaction parameters, Synthetic carbohydrates, Regenerative life support system, Paraformaldehyde Powder, Polyoxymethylene- Plastics, glycolaldehyde, formose-downstream reaction, dihydroxyacetone, enzymatic cleveage, crystalline saccharose, α-dicarbonyls, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), Thallium hydroxide
Macrophages Sequester Clofazimine in an Intracellular Liquid Crystal-Like Supramolecular Organization (2012)

Clofazimine is a poorly-soluble but orally-bioavailable small molecule drug that massively accumulates in macrophages when administered over prolonged periods of time. To determine whether crystal-like drug inclusions (CLDIs) that form in subcellular spaces correspond to pure clofazimine crystals, macrophages of clofazimine-fed mice were elicited with an intraperitoneal thioglycollate injection. Inside these cells, CLDIs appeared uniform in size and shape, but were sensitive to illumination. Once removed from cells, CLDIs were unstable. Unlike pure clofazimine crystals, isolated CLDIs placed in distilled water burst into small birefringent globules, which aggregated into larger clusters. Also unlike pure clofazimine crystals, CLDIs fragmented when heated, and disintegrated in alkaline media. In contrast to all other organelles, CLDIs were relatively resistant to sonication and trypsin digestion, which facilitated their biochemical isolation. The powder x-ray diffraction pattern obtained from isolated CLDIs was consistent with the diffraction pattern of liquid crystals and inconsistent with the expected molecular diffraction pattern of solid, three dimensional crystals. Observed with the transmission electron microscope (TEM), CLDIs were bounded by an atypical double-layered membrane, approximately 20 nanometers thick. CLDIs were polymorphic, but generally exhibited an internal multilayered organization, comprised of stacks of membranes 5 to 15 nanometers thick. Deep-etch, freeze-fracture electron microscopy of unfixed snap-frozen tissue samples confirmed this supramolecular organization. These results suggest that clofazimine accumulates in macrophages by forming a membrane-bound, multilayered, liquid crystal-like, semi-synthetic cytoplasmic structure.
Scene Modeling Using Co-Clustering (2007)

In this paper, we propose a novel approach for scene modeling. The proposed method is able to automatically discover the intermediate semantic concepts. We utilize Maximization of Mutual Information (MMI) co-clustering approach to discover clusters of semantic concepts, which we call intermediate concepts. Each intermediate concept corresponds to a cluster of visterms in the bag of Vis- terms (BOV) paradigm for scene classification. MMI co- clustering results in fewer but meaningful clusters. Unlike k-means which is used to cluster image patches based on their appearances in BOV, MMI co-clustering can group the visterms which are highly correlated to some concept. Unlike probabilistic latent semantic analysis (pLSA), which can be considered as one-sided soft clustering, MMI co- clustering simultaneously clusters visterms and images, so it is able to boost both clustering. In addition, the MMI co- clustering is an unsupervised method. We have extensively tested our proposed approach on two challenging datasets: the fifteen scene categories and the LSCOM dataset, and promising results are obtained.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension: are we doing enough to identify systemic sclerosis patients at high risk of this rare condition? (2005)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension: are we doing enough to identify systemic sclerosis
Effect of image force on ion current density in plasma discharges (1996)

Ion current density at the bottom of narrow trenches has been calculated with a Monte Carlo method. It is found that in etching subquarter-micron trenches, the image force between the incident ions and the walls of the etched trench causes appreciable ion fluxes to the sidewalls and contributes to deviations from ideal etching anisotropy. The effect of the image force is particularly important in plasma etching discharges, which are characterized by low ion energies.
Pipeline Field Joints: Exploring the Coating Technologies that Protect Against “Weak Links” (2014)

This article explores the coating technologies used for pipeline field joints to protect pipe sections from corrosion, heat loss and mechanical damage. The technologies examined include heat-assisted tape wrap, fusion-bonded epoxy, multicomponent liquid, injection-molded polyurethane, injection-molded polypropylene, polyurethane foam field joint infill, and polypropylene flame spray.
Compensation of Dead-Time Effects Based on Adaptive Harmonic Filtering in the Vector-Controlled AC Motor Drives (2007)

A new dead-time compensation method for vector-controlled ac motor drives is proposed. The method only compensates the fundamental and sixth harmonic component of the inverter-output distortions in synchronous reference frame. The fundamental component is compensated by feedforwardly adding a predetermined compensation signal to the voltage reference of ac motor drive. To compensate the harmonic distortions, the harmonic compensator with all-pass-based adaptive bandpass filter is proposed and builds up the feedback loop with current controllers in order to minimize the distortions due to dead-time effects. The method is software intensive and independent of the polarity of the phase currents and nonlinear-switching characteristics varied with operating conditions of the inverter. It is simulated and implemented on a 750-W laboratory ac motor drive, where its effectiveness is verified
Knee prop for knee surgery. (1988)

A simple, inexpensive, effective, sterilizable knee prop is described for use in the operating room. It allows placement of the knee in any position, using the operating table hydraulic mechanism in conjunction. It is small, compact, easily adjustable, and can be kept sterilized for easy access. Over thirty years of use have abundantly demonstrated its success.
Development of a high force thermal latch (1995)

This paper describes the preliminary development of a high force thermal latch (HFTL). The HFTL has one moving part which is restrained in the latched position by a low melting temperature or fusible metal alloy. When heated the fusible alloy flows to a receiving chamber and in so doing at first releases the tension load in the latch bolt and later releases the bolt itself. The HFTL can be used in place of pyrotechnically activated spacecraft release devices in those instances where the elimination of both pyrotechnic shock-loading and rapid strain-energy release take precedence over the near instantaneous release offered by ordnance initiated devices.