gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Zelltherapie des Diabetes mellitus – Immunmodulation durch mesenchymale Stammzellen (2008)

Fragestellung: Die Transplantation des Pankreas oder isolierter Langerhans-Inseln ist nach heutigem Kenntnisstand die einzige Möglichkeit den Diabetes mellitus zu heilen. Aufgrund des Mangels an Spenderorganen und beträchtlicher Nebenwirkungen der immunsuppressiven Therapie stehen diese Optionen momentan nur einem geringen Teil der Patienten zur Verfügung. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war es, eine neue immunmodulierende Strategie zur Toleranzinduktion bei Inseltransplantation zu entwickeln. Ein vielversprechender Ansatz ist die Kotransplantation mit mesenchymalen Stammzellen (MSCs), da diese immunsuppressive Eigenschaften besitzen. Dieser Effekt beruht unter anderem auf der Expression von Indolamin-2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO), einem Enzym des Tryptophankatabolismus.
SLAC Control Room Consolidation Using Linked Computers (1971)

Consolidation of two large accelerator control rooms using digital computers connected by a data link is described. Several consolidation plans are discussed and the adopted solution is described. The key elements are touch panels operating with a TV display system.
The influence of vibration-rotation interaction on intensities in the electronic spectra of diatomic molecules I. The hydroxyl radical (1962)

Abstract The effect of vibration-rotation interaction on transition probability is examined in detail for the 2E+-2lIi transition of the hydroxyl radical, using a Morse-Pekeris model. It is shown to have a significant effect on the rotational temperature (of the order of 200° at 3000 °K) for the (0, 0) b and and to be especially important for the (0, 1) band. The variation of transition moment with internuclear distance is examined and an expression of the form Re(r) = constant x e-2.5r where r is the internuclear distance in angstroms is recommended. With this value, corrections are obtained to rotational temperatures and the f value for the Q1(6) line of th e (0, 0) band is altered to 1.0 ±0.5 x 10-3. Calculations for the OD radical are also presented.
Poloidal ion motion during formation of toroidal high beta plasmas (1988)

Spectroscopic measurements of the ion motion in a fast compression high beta tokamak experiment show paramagnetic ion motion. This motion is initially caused by magnetic field gradient drift, which does not produce any net paramagnetic current opposing the plasma diamagnetic current. After the crowbar of the fast rising toroidal magnetic field a larger paramagnetic polarization drift develops, which contributes to the disappearance of the diamagnetic well.
Incoherent spatial solitons in saturable nonlinear media (1997)

It is shown that partially incoherent spatial solitons are possible in saturable nonlinear media. This is demonstrated by means of an exact Gaussian solution in the case when the saturable nonlinearity is of the logarithmic type. The conditions necessary to establish these soliton states as well as their associated characteristics are discussed in detail. Pertinent examples are provided to elucidate their behavior further.
Thin‐film thermoplastic‐metal joining process for titanium to poly(etherketoneetherketoneketone) (1995)

Abstract The processing of high temperture thermoplastic polymers as a hot melt adhesive is one means of joining thermoplastics to metals. The presetn study establishes the role of processing in thermoplastic joining of a titanium alloy (Ti‐6A1‐4V) using thin flim poly(etherketoneetherketoneketone) (PEKEKK). A design of expriments (DOE) was performed to determine the effects of the soak above melt temperature ( T m = 380°C), hold at the isothermal recrystallizztion temeprature ( T iso = ∼ 340°C) and cooling rates on the joint strength, Extended soak times are required to remove the residual spherulitic crystallinity in the polymeric adhesive. Whit the elimination of the residual crystallinity, high‐strength transcrystalline regions are enhanced at the polymer‐metal interface during the hold time at T iso and during cooling to ambient temperature. Average tensile strengths of 137 MPa were achieved, exceeding the bulk polymer tensile strength of 118 MPa by 16%, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) show that extended soak times above T m led to excessive polymer squeeze‐out, resulting int he creation of strength‐reducing shrink voids or unwetted regions. As a result, the failue mode of the joint, which was normally cohesive for high‐strength joints, became a mix of cohesive and adhesive in parts with excessive polymer squeeze out.
Catalytic Hydrogenation of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones. II. The Mechanism of Hydrogenation in Acidic Medium.<sup>1,2</sup> (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic Hydrogenation of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones. II. The Mechanism of Hydrogenation in Acidic Medium.1,2ROBERT L. AUGUSTINE and ARTHUR D. BROOMCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 5, 802–804Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01075a034https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01075a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views176Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
100 kW laser diode module for DPSSL fusion driver (2003)

High peak power laser diode arrays are required for pumping solid-state lasers as the laser fusion driver. We report successful achievement of a 100 kW peak power diode laser module as the pump source of 10 J/spl times/10 Hz Nd:glass slab laser in order to verify a small scale experiment of the diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSSL) driver for inertial fusion energy development. The AlGaAs laser diode structures were grown by the MOCVD method and employed the quantum well structures.
Outcomes of Uncemented Versus Cemented Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty for Proximal Humerus Fractures (2019)

Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) for proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) is traditionally performed with cemented humeral fixation. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of cemented and cementless RSA for PHF. Between 2010 and 2014, 38 acute PHFs were treated with RSA and followed for a minimum of 2 years (mean, 37 months; range, 24-66 months). The mean time from fracture to RSA was 7 days (range, 1-30 days). Humeral stems were cemented in 19 shoulders and uncemented in 19 shoulders. Outcome measures included visual analog scale pain scores, range of motion, postoperative Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scores, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores, and radiographic parameters. The 2 groups had similar visual analog scale pain scores, postoperative range of motion, and Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scores (P>.05). American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores and satisfaction scores were significantly higher with cemented humeral fixation (76.3 vs 48.0, P=.005; 1.2 vs 1.8, P=.04). Radiographically, there was no difference in terms of tuberosity healing, component loosening, or notching (P>.05). Reverse shoulder arthroplasty provides pain relief for PHF, regardless of humeral fixation. In this cohort, cementless fixation was associated with worse patient-reported outcomes, although no correlation could be established with pain, motion, or tuberosity healing. Further studies are required before cementless fixation can be recommended for RSA for fracture. [Orthopedics. 2019; 42(2):e236-e241.].
Mechanisms of hematin crystallization and inhibition by the antimalarial drug chloroquine (2015)

Hematin crystallization is the primary mechanism of heme detoxification in malaria parasites and the target of the quinoline class of antimalarials. Despite numerous studies of malaria pathophysiology, fundamental questions regarding hematin growth and inhibition remain. Among them are the identity of the crystallization medium in vivo, aqueous or organic; the mechanism of crystallization, classical or nonclassical; and whether quinoline antimalarials inhibit crystallization by sequestering hematin in the solution, or by blocking surface sites crucial for growth. Here we use time-resolved in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) and show that the lipid subphase in the parasite may be a preferred growth medium. We provide, to our knowledge, the first evidence of the molecular mechanisms of hematin crystallization and inhibition by chloroquine, a common quinoline antimalarial drug. AFM observations demonstrate that crystallization strictly follows a classical mechanism wherein new crystal layers are generated by 2D nucleation and grow by the attachment of solute molecules. We identify four classes of surface sites available for binding of potential drugs and propose respective mechanisms of drug action. Further studies reveal that chloroquine inhibits hematin crystallization by binding to molecularly flat {100} surfaces. A 2-μM concentration of chloroquine fully arrests layer generation and step advancement, which is ∼10(4)× less than hematin's physiological concentration. Our results suggest that adsorption at specific growth sites may be a general mode of hemozoin growth inhibition for the quinoline antimalarials. Because the atomic structures of the identified sites are known, this insight could advance the future design and/or optimization of new antimalarials.
Predictability of Atmospherically-distorted Stellar Wavefronts (1995)

The errors caused by the inherent time delays in an adaptive-optics control loop could be overcome to a large extent by short-term prediction of the incident wavefront. Conversely, the bandwidth requirements of the loop could be relaxed. Furthermore, it is of interest to efficiently use all of the information available in the wavefront when making estimates of future values. In [1,2,3] Jorgenson and Aitken have described evidence suggesting that wavefront distortions should be treated as the output of a nonlinear dynamical system, and not simply as a filtered random process. Schwartz et al [4] have made similar suggestions.
A single aromatic amino acid at the carboxyl terminus of Helicobacter pylori α1,3/4 fucosyltransferase determines substrate specificity. VOLUME 280 (2005) 36848-36856 (2006)

PAGE 36848: In the Abstract, lines 19-21, this sentence should read: “These mutations did not decrease α1,3 activity but reduced the α1,4 activity to 66.9, 55.6, and 3.1% of wild type level, respectively.” PAGE 36850: In the right-hand column, lines 11-13, this sentence should read: “However, the α1,4 activities were reduced to 66.9, 55.6, and 3.1% of the WT level, and their α1,4/α1,3 ratios were at 55.6, 65.2, and 1.8% of the WT level, respectively (Fig. 1).”
Reliability of Quantitative 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging Biomarkers for Classifying Early Response to Chemoradiotherapy in Patients With Locally Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2021)

The variability FDG PET lesion contours and imaging biomarkers was relatively low across observers, scanners, and reconstructions. Objective midtreatment PET response assessment may lead to improved precision of biologically adaptive radiation therapy.
The Ultrasonic Polar Scan for Composite Characterization and Damage Assessment: Past, Present and Future (2016)

In the early 1980’s, the ultrasonic polar scan (UPS) technique was developed to assess the fiber direction of composites in a nondestructive way. In spite of the recognition by several researchers as being a sophisticated and promising methodology for nondestructive testing (NDT) and materials science, little advance was made during the following 30 years. Recently however, the UPS technique experienced a strong revival and various modifications to the original UPS setup have been successfully implemented. This revival has exposed several powerful capabilities and interesting applications of the UPS technique for material characterization and damage assessment. This paper gives a short historical overview of the UPS technique for characterizing and inspecting (damaged) fiber-reinforced plastics. In addition, a few future research lines are given, which will further expand the applicability and potential of the UPS method to a broader range of (damaged) materials, bringing the UPS technique to the next level of maturity.
( 4-)- 3-Indanone- 1-acetic A cid: H eterochiral Catemeric Hydrogen Bonding in a 6-Keto Acid (1998)

Diffraction peaks were very broad and the intensity data were collected with the w-scan mode. H atoms of atoms C7-C12 in the n-alkyl chain were generated geometrically and refined using the AFIX 23 or 137 option of SHELXL93 (Sheldrick, 1993), with the isotropic displacement parameters fixed at 1.3 times the isotropic equivalents of their bonded atoms. All other H atoms were found from a difference Fourier map and refined isotropically. Data collection: local program (Yoon et al., 1994). Cell refinement: local program. Data reduction: local program. Program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS86 (Sheldrick, 1990). Program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL93. Molecular graphics: ORTEPII (Johnson, 1976). Software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL93.
Targeting CK2 in cancer: a valuable strategy or a waste of time? (2021)

CK2 is a protein kinase involved in several human diseases (ranging from neurological and cardiovascular diseases to autoimmune disorders, diabetes, and infections, including COVID-19), but its best-known implications are in cancer, where it is considered a pharmacological target. Several CK2 inhibitors are available and clinical trials are underway in different cancer types. Recently, the suitability of CK2 as a broad anticancer target has been questioned by the finding that a newly developed compound, named SGC-CK2-1, which is more selective than any other known CK2 inhibitor, is poorly effective in reducing cell growth in different cancer lines, prompting the conclusion that the anticancer efficacy of CX-4945, the commonly used clinical-grade CK2 inhibitor, is to be attributed to its off-target effects. Here we perform a detailed scrutiny of published studies on CK2 targeting and a more in-depth analysis of the available data on SGC-CK2-1 vs. CX-4945 efficacy, providing a different perspective about the actual reliance of cancer cells on CK2. Collectively taken, our arguments would indicate that the pretended dispensability of CK2 in cancer is far from having been proved and warn against premature conclusions, which could discourage ongoing investigations on a potentially valuable drug target.
An electrohydraulic total artificial heart with a separately placed actuator. (1991)

An electrohydraulic total artificial heart (EHTAH) system, consisting of a separately placed actuator and blood pumps with good anatomic fit, was designed. In the actuator is a brushless DC motor sandwiched between two metal bellows or two pusher-plate pumps connected with the blood pumps by polyvinylchloride tubes. A roller-screw system coupled with the bellows is used for alternative pumping, and silicone oil transmits the action. The pumps are elliptical, and the right pump has a flatter and longer shape than the left to fit the extremely short distance between the right atrium and the sternum. To evaluate in vivo performance, the pumps were implanted as a pneumatic system in a calf weighing 53 kg and three goats weighing 54-55 kg. The pump fit well in the animals, and the calf survived for 111 days, and one goat was alive for 8 days. The EHTAH system could provide an output of 6 L/min with pusher-plate pumps as oil chambers on in vitro evaluation. This system could become one of the most suitable approaches for a totally implantable system.
DFT and NMR Studies of <sup>2</sup><i>J</i><sub>COH</sub>, <sup>3</sup><i>J</i><sub>HCOH</sub>, and <sup>3</sup><i>J</i><sub>CCOH</sub> Spin-Couplings in Saccharides:  C−O Torsional Bias and H-Bonding in Aqueous Solution (2007)

Density functional theory (DFT) has been used to investigate the structural dependencies of NMR spin-coupling constants (J-couplings) involving the exchangeable hydroxyl protons of saccharides. 3JHCOH, 3JCCOH, and 2JCOH values were calculated at different positions in model aldopyranosyl rings as a function of one or more torsion angles, and results support the use of a generalized Karplus equation to treat 3JHCOH involving the non-anomeric OH groups. The presence of O5 appended to the H1-C1-O1-H coupling pathway introduces asymmetry in 3JH1,O1H Karplus curves due to internal electronegative substituent effects on the gauche couplings, thus requiring separate equations to treat this coupling. 3JCCOH values depend not only on the C-C-O-H torsion angle but also on the orientation of terminal substituents on the coupled carbon, similar to 3JCOCC studied previously (Bose et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 11158-11173). "In-plane" oxygen increased 3JCCOH by approximately 3-4 Hz, whereas "in-plane" carbon gave more modest enhancements ( approximately 1 Hz). Three Karplus equations were derived for non-anomeric 3JCCOH based on the nature and orientation of substituents on the coupled carbon. Like 3JH1,O1H, 3JC2,O1H is also subject to internal electronegative substituent effects on the gauche couplings, thus necessitating separate equations to treat this coupling. 2JCOH values were found not to be useful probes of C-O torsions as a result of their nonsystematic dependence on these torsions. Experimental measurements of 3JHCOH and 3JCCOH in doubly 13C-labeled methyl beta-lactoside 20 and its constituent 13C-labeled methyl aldopyranosides in H2O/acetone-d6 at -20 degrees C showed that some C-O torsion angles are influenced by molecular context and do not experience complete rotational averaging in solution. A strong bias in the H3-C3-O3-H torsion angle in the Glc residue of 20 favoring a gauche conformation suggests the presence of inter-residue H-bonding between O3HGlc and O5Gal. Quantitative analysis of 3JHCOH and 3JCCOH values in 20 indicates that approximately 85% of the forms in solution have geometries consistent with H-bonding. These results suggest that H-bonding between adjacent and/or remote residues may play a role in dictating preferred glycosidic bond conformation in simple and complex oligosaccharides in aqueous solution.
Magnetic resonance imaging of interstitial laser photocoagulation in brain (1992)

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can be used to monitor the development of thermal lesions induced in tissue using interstitial laser photocoagulation (ILP). A potential application for ILP is the treatment of surgically inaccessible brain tumors. For the successful clinical application of MR-monitored ILP, it is necessary to relate MR images of ILP lesions to the actual induced lesions. In this preliminary study we performed ILP in the normal brains of anesthetized cats by delivering interstitially 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 W of continuous-wave Nd:YAG laser energy (1,064 nm) for 1,000 s via a plane-cut 400 microns core optical fiber. At 48 h post-irradiation the lesions consisted of four sharply demarcated concentric zones of thermal damage. Lesion diameter increased linearly with delivered power. T2-weighted proton spin-echo images acquired during ILP showed a region of complete or near signal loss that underestimated the actual lesion at 48 h. Gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted spin-echo images acquired immediately post-irradiation showed the actual lesion precisely.
Synthesis of the ABCD Ring System of Azaspiracid (2001)

Spirocyclisierungen wurden bislang ohne Erfolg eingesetzt, um das ABCD-Ringsystem von Azaspiracid 1 aufzubauen, da aufgrund anomerer Effekte die Bildung des unerwünschten 13S-Diastereomers bevorzugt ist. Durch Verwendung einer H-Brücken-Donorgruppe als Auxiliar konnte dieses Problem nun gelöst werden, und es gelang die erste Synthese einer Verbindung, die die ABCD-Einheit von Azaspiracid enthält, mit der korrekten Konfiguration an C13.
Comments on the Northwick Park ‘Functional’ Psychosis Study (1989)

"Functional psychosis is conventionally subdivided into schizophrenia and manic depressive psychosis. Response to treatment is assumed to be a validating criterion for these diagnoses. The efficacy of pimozide (a dopamine antagonist neuroleptic), lithium, and a combination of the two was compared with that of placebo in a 4-week trial in 120 functionally psychotic patients, each of whom was assessed for psychotic symptoms, manic symptoms, and depressive symptoms. The sample was subdivided into patients with predominantly elevated mood, predominantly depressed mood, and no consistent mood change. Pimozide reduced psychotic symptoms in all groups of patients. The only significant effect of lithium was to reduce elevated mood. Thus dopamine blockade seems relevant to the resolution of psychotic symptoms in all types of 'functional' psychosis, but the mode of action of lithium in psychotic patients concerns only mood. Application of standardised classifications of functional psychosis to these data did not change this conclusion."
Studies on the Symmetry and Sequence Context Dependence of the HIV-1 Proteinase Specificity (1997)

Two major types of cleavage sites with different sequence preferences have been proposed for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proteinase. To understand the nature of these sequence preferences better, single and multiple amino acid substitutions were introduced into a type 1 cleavage site peptide, thus changing it to a naturally occurring type 2 cleavage site sequence. Our results indicated that the previous classification of the retroviral cleavage sites may not be generally valid and that the preference for a residue at a particular position in the substrate depends strongly on the neighboring residues, including both those at the same side and at the opposite side of the peptide backbone of the substrate. Based on these results, pseudosymmetric (palindromic) substrates were designed. The retroviral proteinases are symmetrical dimers of two identical subunits; however, the residues of naturally occurring cleavage sites do not show symmetrical arrangements, and no obvious symmetrical substrate preference has been observed for the specificity of HIV proteinase. To examine the role of the asymmetry created by the peptide bonds on the specificity of the respective primed and nonprimed halves of the binding site, amino acid substitutions were introduced into a palindromic sequence. In general, the results suggested that the asymmetry does not result in substantial differences in specificity of the S3 and S3' subsites, whereas its effect is more pronounced for the S2 and S2' subsites. Although it was possible to design several good palindromic substrates, asymmetrical arrangements may be preferred by the HIV proteinase.