gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cost Effective Block Truncation Coding for Color Image Compression (2010)

In this paper, a cost effective block truncation coding (CE-BTC) using low cost approach is presented for color image compression. To reduce the bit rate of the basic BTC, selected single bit-map is employed to represent the edge information of the coding block in the proposed CE-BTC. Moreover, a previous proposed algorithm, adaptive quantization coding (AQC), is used to compress the two representative levels further. In order to achieve low cost, the CE-BTC reduces the line buffer memory usage to a half with the limited PSNR losing of 0.02dB compared with the optimal approach. Simulation results show that the proposed CE-BTC outperforms vector quantization-BTC up to 3 dB in PSNR. The comparison with our previous research AHIC also shows that an improvement of 0.425 dB in average PSNR is achieved by the CE-BTC.
Total synthesis of zizaane sesquiterpenes: (−)-khusimone, (+)-zizanoic acid, and (−)-epizizanoic acid (1982)

Three sesquiterpenes of the zizaane family, khusimone (1), epizizanoic acid (3), and zizanoic acid (2) have been synthesized in optically active form from the ammonium salt of (−)-l-10-camphorsulfonic acid in sixteen, nineteen, and twenty steps respectively.
The Structure of a Human Metabolite of Pholcodine (1996)

The structure of a metabolite of pholcodine produced by humans is shown, by spectroscopic and synthetic data, to be a morpholin-3-one (amide) derivative rather than the alternative morpholin-2-one ( lactone ) isomer. Acylation of diethanolamine leads to an N,O- diacyl product even when only 1 equiv. of acylating agent is used. A mechanism is proposed to account for this observation. The appropriately substituted diacyl product can be cyclized to give a morpholin-3-one derivative which can be coupled to morphine by using caesium carbonate to give the metabolite. Suitable morpholin-2-one systems were coupled with morphine in basic conditions to give the alternative metabolite structure whose lactone group hydrolysed on standing to form a hydroxy acid derivative.
Effect of out-of-band terminations on intermodulation distortion in common-emitter circuits (2003)

This paper presents the results of Volterra series analysis of the third-order intermodulation distortion in common-emitter circuits. The derived closed-form expression shows how out-of-band source and load impedances affect the distortion. The expression was used to optimally tune the input matching network of a 2 GHz Si BJT LNA at the sub- and second-harmonic frequencies for a higher IIP/sub 3/. While the in-band noise figure, gain and input return loss were not affected, the peak IIP/sub 3/ increased by 14 dB.
<title>Quantification of NIRS data of a blood phantom by spectral multicomponent analysis</title> (1995)

In order to quantify the chromophore components from in vivo blood NIRS, a blood- equivalent phantom has been developed which consists of properly diluted intralipid and ICG dye. The reflection and transmission near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) of the phantoms with different scattering backgrounds and ICG concentrations are measured and analyzed by the spectral multicomponent analysis (MCA) method to extract ICG concentration. The experimental results show that the MCA method can be used to quantify absolute ICG concentrations in scattering media if the average path lengths are known. Moreover, it was found by the experiments that both the water absorption peak at 970 nm and the ICG absorption peak at 800 nm show similar behavior during the change of the scattering background. Thus the ratio of the MCA-estimated concentration factor of ICG to water is independent of the blood-phantom scattering.
An instrumented prosthesis for measuring the cartilage surface pressure distribution in the human hip. (1972)

for the degree of Doctor of Science. Knowledge of the pressures acting on the cartilage surfaces in the human hip is of interest for several reasons. Information on the magnitude and distribution of pressure on articular cartilage in the hip would provide a better understanding of the physiology of cartilage. Such information could provide further insight into the causes of carti-lage destruction, such as is observed in osteoarthritis. Knowledge of the pressure distribution on cartilage surfaces would be particularly useful in studies of joint lubrication. A method of measuring in vivo the spatial and temporal pressure variations on the cartilage surfaces in the human hip has been developed. The pressure measurements will be made by replacing the head and neck of the femur with an instrumented prosthesis. The hollow ball of this prosthesis contains a network of pressure transducers which measure the
Adaptive manipulator control: A case study (1988)

The author's previous work (1986, 1987) utilized the particular structure of manipulator dynamics to develop a simple, globally convergent adaptive controller for manipulator trajectory control problems. After summarizing the basic algorithm, they demonstrate the approach on a high-speed two-degree-of-freedom semi-direct-drive robot. They show that the dynamic parameters of the manipulator, assumed to be initially unknown, can be estimated within the first half second of a typical run, and that accordingly, the manipulator trajectory can be precisely controlled. These experimental results demonstrate that the adaptive controller enjoys essentially the same level of robustness to unmodeled dynamics as a PD (proportional and differential) controller, yet achieves much better tracking accuracy than either PD or computed-torque schemes. Its superior performance for high-speed operations, in the presence of parametric and nonparametric uncertainties, and its relative computational simplicity, make it an attractive option both for addressing complex industrial tasks, and for simplifying high-level programming of more standard operations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
PCR-based expression analysis and identification of microRNAs. (2005)

microRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that regulate translation and hence control a variety of cellular processes in metazoans. The quantitation and identification of miRNAs has been hampered by their small size and low abundance. Here we describe two robust PCR-based assays of miRNA expression based on the original cloning strategy. The non-quantitative PCR method allows detection and identification of miRNAs and we utilise this method in the discovery of a new miRNA (miR-532) in retinoic acid differentiated P19 cells. The second and quantitative method (QM-RT-PCR) is simple and accurate, and uses commonly available technology. Of particular interest is the specificity of this PCR-based technology compared to hybridisation-based methods including arrays and northern blotting. Here we have shown that a single base pair mismatch in the priming sequence results in a two order of magnitude reduction in the amplification of let-7f. These streamlined methods will complement previously described methods and will facilitate analysis of miRNA expression in rare cell populations where the amount of RNA is limited.
Chemical weed control in irrigated sweet pepper<i>(Capsicum annuum</i>L.) (1991)

Abstract Field trials were conducted at Kadawa in the 1983/4 and 1984/5 dry seasons to evaluate some herbicide treatments for weed control in transplanted irrigated sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L., var. California mild). In the 1983/4 dry season, mixtures of metolachlor with metribuzin at 1.5 + 0.25 and pendimethalin plus linuron at 1.5 + 0.75 kg a.i./ha, each followed by supplementary hoe‐weeded control. Without supplementary hoe‐weeding, mixtures of linuron with oxadiazon and alachlor each at 0.75 + 1.5 kg a.i./ha and metolachlor plus metobromuron at 1.25 + 1.25 kg a.i./ha resulted in yields comparable to the hoe‐weeded control. In the 1984/5 dry season, linuron at 0.75 kg a.i./ha in mixture with either diphenamid, metolachlor, oxadiazon or chlorthal dimethyl ester at 3.0,1.5,1.5 and 10.0 kg a.i./ha, respectively, as well as metolachlor plus metobromuron at 1.5 + 1.5 kg a.i./ha, all supplemented with one hoe‐weeding, combined effective weed control with high pepper fruit yield comparable to the hoe‐weeded control. In this study unchecked weed growth throughout the crop life cycle resulted in 90% and 97% losses in sweet pepper fruit yield compared with the approximate maximum obtained in the 1983/4 and 1984/5 dry seasons, respectively. Keywords: Capsicum annuum LPre‐transplant herbicidesSupplementary hoe‐weeding)
Über höhermolekulare aliphatische Sulfonsäuren, V. Gewinnung von Tensiden durch Sulfonierung von Olefinen (1967)

Article Über höhermolekulare aliphatische Sulfonsäuren, V. Gewinnung von Tensiden durch Sulfonierung von Olefinen was published on September 1, 1967 in the journal Tenside Surfactants Detergents (volume 4, issue 9).
Organic photovoltaic cells based on an acceptor of soluble graphene (2008)

In this paper, an organic photovoltaic device based on an acceptor of solution-processable functionalized graphene was designed. A short circuit current density (Jsc) of 4.0mAcm−2, open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.72V, and a solar power conversion efficiency of 1.1% were obtained for the device of indium tin oxide/poly(ethylene dioxythiophene) doped with polystyrene sulfonic acid (40nm)/poly(3-hexylthiophene-1, 3-diyl):graphene (graphene 10wt%, 100nm)/LiF (1nm)/Al (70nm) after an annealing treatment under simulated AM1.5G 100mW illumination in air. Because of the low price, ease of preparation, and inertness against ambient conditions, soluble graphene will be a promising candidate used for acceptor materials in the photovoltaic applications.
Results of a Case Study on Information Technology at a University (1997)

In the first article in this series (Tellis, 1997a) the author presented the background on the history and importance of the use of the case method of research. The second article (Tellis, 1997b) presented a proposed methodology based on the literature and an application of the methodology in an information technology case. The current article will present a suggested format for reporting case research results. The article will review the goals and objectives of the research project and present various tables containing the results of the data analysis conducted for the project. The article will finally present conclusions drawn from the results, and what future researchers might wish to pursue.
Helmet display symbology development for the JAST/IHAVS flight demonstration (1996)

A notable effort within the Joint Advanced Strike Technology (JAST) program is the Integrated Helmet Audio-Visual System (IHAVS) project. The objective of the JAST/IHAVS effort is to integrate an off-the-shelf helmet-mounted display, an interactive voice module and three-dimensional sound technology into a T/AV-8B attack aircraft for a flight demonstration program. As part of this effort, the Armstrong Laboratory's Aerospace Vision Laboratory was tasked to participate in the selection and design of the helmet-mounted display visual symbology sets, sensor imagery integration, and overall helmet-resident visual information concept. The Aerospace Visions Laboratory's Visually Coupled Airborne Systems Simulator provides the only dynamic presentation of the IHAVS symbology and was used as a predemonstration tool to familiarize the project's test pilots with the symbologies and imagery in an interactive simulation. Besides providing a symbology and imagery interface representative of the IHAVS demonstration aircraft, additional symbol designs developed by Aerospace Vision Laboratory personnel were made available. The test pilots' subjective feedback from the simulator demonstrations is discussed and recommendations by the Aerospace Vision Laboratory team are presented.
Formation of Peptide Bonds by Aminolysis of Homocysteine Thiolactones<sup>1</sup> (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormation of Peptide Bonds by Aminolysis of Homocysteine Thiolactones1Reinhold Benesch and Ruth E. BeneschCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 8, 1597–1599Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01589a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01589a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views409Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Session 3-MMPs in Angiogenesis and New Substrates (2001)

In the course of a diverse series of tissue-invasive events ranging from angiogenesis to tumor invasion, migrating cells must negotiate multiple extracellular matrix (ECM) barriers. Current evidence suggests that normal as well as neoplastic cells mobilize proteolytic enzymes in order to not only penetrate tissues, but also to mount morphogenetic responses. While a significant body of in vitro studies have emphasized roles for the plasminogen activator-plasminogen axis, analyses of the respective gene-deleted animals suggest that the
Antimicrobial agents--Part II. The aminoglycosides: streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, neomycin. (1977)

Aminoglycoside antibiotics are poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, do not penetrate well into the cerebrospinal fluid, are minimally bound to plasma proteins, and are rapidly excreted by the normal kidney. Neomycin is limited by its toxicity to irrigating and topical preparations or to oral medication for surgical bowel preparations or hepatic coma. Streptomycin has only a few specific indications, because newer agents are available that have broader spectrums of activity. Kanamycin is indicated in serious gram-negative infections in which Pseudomonas aeruginosa is not a likely causative agent. Gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin are effective against a broad spectrum of gram-negative organisms including P. aeruginosa. In general, both gentamicin and tobramycin are more active in vitro than amikacin on a weight basis; however, higher serum levels are achievable with amikacin than with the two others. Amikacin is probably the aminoglycoside of first choice when gentamicin resistance is strongly suspected.
A permease encoded by STL1 is required for active glycerol uptake by Candida albicans (2009)

Candida albicans accumulates large amounts of the polyols glycerol and d-arabitol when the cells are exposed to physiological conditions relevant to stress and virulence in animals. Intracellular concentrations of glycerol are determined by rates of glycerol production and catabolism and of glycerol uptake and efflux through the plasma membrane. We and others have studied glycerol production in C. albicans, but glycerol uptake by C. albicans has not been studied. In the present study, we found that [(14)C]glycerol uptake by C. albicans SC5314 was (i) accumulative; (ii) dependent on proton-motive force; (iii) unaffected by carbon source; and (iv) unaffected by large molar excesses of d-arabitol or other polyols. The respective K(m) and V(max) values were 2.1 mM and 460 micromol h(-1) (g dry wt)(-1) in glucose medium and 2.6 mM and 268 micromol h(-1) (g dry wt)(-1) in glycerol medium. To identify the C. albicans glycerol uptake protein(s), we cloned the C. albicans homologues of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes GUP1 and STL1, both of which are known to be involved in glycerol transport. When multicopy plasmids encoding C. albicans STL1, C. albicans STL2 and C. albicans GUP1 were introduced into the corresponding S. cerevisiae null mutants, the transformants all acquired the ability to grow on minimal glycerol medium; however, only S. cerevisiae stl1 null mutants transformed with C. albicans STL1 actively took up extracellular [(14)C]glycerol. When both chromosomal alleles of C. albicans STL1 were deleted from C. albicans BWP17, the resulting stl1 null mutants grew poorly on minimal glycerol medium, and their ability to transport [(14)C]glycerol into the cell was markedly reduced. In contrast, deletion of both chromosomal alleles of C. albicans STL2 or of C. albicans GUP1 had no significant effects on [(14)C]glycerol uptake or the ability to grow on minimal glycerol medium. Northern blot analysis indicated that C. albicans STL1 was expressed in both glucose and glycerol media, conditions under which we detected wild-type active glycerol uptake. Furthermore, STL1 was highly expressed in salt-stressed cells; however, the stl1 null mutant was no more sensitive to salt stress than wild-type controls. We also detected high levels of STL2 expression in glycerol-grown cells, even though deletion of this gene did not influence glycerol uptake activity in glycerol-grown cells. We conclude from the results above that a plasma-membrane H(+) symporter encoded by C. albicans STL1 actively transports glycerol into C. albicans cells.
HPMC AS CAPSULE SHELL MATERIAL: PHYSICOCHEMICAL, PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOPHARMACEUTICAL PROPERTIES (2017)

The most common instability problem of gelatin capsules arises from negative impact of extremes of temperature and especially atmospheric relative humidity on the mechanical integrity of the capsule shells with adverse effect extended even to the fill material. Moreover, choice of fill materials is highly restricted either due to their specific chemical structure, physical state or hygroscopicity. Additional reports of unpredictable disintegration and dissolution of filled hard gelatin capsules in experimental studies have prompted the search for a better alternative capsule shell material. The present review aims to provide an overview on the physicochemical, pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical properties of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as capsule shell material and perform comparative evaluation of HPMC and gelatin in terms of in vitro/in vivo performance and storage stability. HPMC capsule provides a highly flexible and widely acceptable platform capable of solving numerous challenges currently facing the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries and expands the possibilities for selection of different types of fill materials. The current topic introduces a new section on influence of various factors on in vitro dissolution of HPMC capsules. Delayed in vitro disintegration/dissolution of HPMC capsules in aqueous medium does not produce any negative effect in vivo. However, advancements in the processes of production and filling of HPMC capsule shells and detailed studies on effects of various parameters on their in vitro/in vivo dissolution would establish their supremacy over hard gelatin capsules in future.
Conditional mutations affecting the cell envelope of<i>Escherichia coli</i>K-12 (1973)

SUMMARY Amongst a collection of temperature sensitive (TS) mutants of Escherichia coli K-12, some have been found which can grow at the restrictive temperature (42 °C) if the osmotic pressure of the medium is raised by the addition of sodium chloride (1%) or sucrose (12·5%). These mutants are described as temperature sensitive osmotic remedial (TSOR) mutants. At the restrictive temperature they are not osmotically fragile, but do display decreased resistance to inhibitory agents such as deoxycholate, actino-mycin D and acridine orange; they also show release of the periplasmic enzyme ribonuclease. These results indicate a change in the cell's outer permeability barrier. The genes affected in six of the mutants have been located on the E. coli linkage map. The mutations, which occur at loci not previously described, have been named envM–envT to indicate their effect on the cell env elope.
Induction of Specific Suppressor T Cells in Vitro (1976)

Abstract We describe conditions for generating sheep red blood cell-specific suppressor T cells in Mishell-Dutton cultures. The production of specific suppressor cells is favored by increasing antigen dose in the initial culture but can be produced by transferring more cells when lower doses of antigen are used. Transfer of small numbers of cells cultured with low doses of antigen leads to a specific helper effect. Transfer of large numbers of educated cells leads to nonspecific suppression. Suppression can be effected by the effluent cells from nylon wool columns which do not make detectable PFC. A fraction of these cells become resistant to treatment with anti-T cell sera and complement after culture. The suppressor cells are radiation sensitive and must be able to synthesize protein to suppress. They take 2 to 3 days of education to reach maximum suppressive efficiency and will not suppress cultures if added 2 to 3 days after culture initiation. Their production is favored by the absence of mercaptoethanol, suggesting that the observed suppression is not “too much help”. The ability to generate specific suppressor cells in vitro should be of great benefit in determining the factors that regulate their appearance in vivo.
Embryology of the epidermis: ultrastructural aspects. 1. Formation and early development in the mouse with mammalian comparisons. (1975)

A detailed light and electron microscopic study of the cellular morphology of developing epidermis in the 7 to 12 day mouse embryo reveals that a single layer of ectoderm is not present until day 8. The 8-day embryonic epithelium is characterized by the presence of microvilli, apical attachment specializations, developing desmosomes and a thin, immature basal lamina. The 9-day embryonic epithelium is flatter and has both an increased number of microvilli on the surface and an increased number of microtubules in association with developing desmosomes. On day 10, numerous developing desmosomes are associated with fine filaments in the regions of the attachment plaques. Occasional peridermal cells are present on day 11. Numerous granules are associated with the inferior cell membranes of the superficial or uppermost cell processes. In the 12-day embryo, the periderm forms a complete layer. A skein of fine filaments is present just inside the basal cell membrane of the germinative cells and microtubules are more abundant in the basal cell cytoplasm.