gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ascorbic Acid in Plants: Biosynthesis and Function (2000)

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is an abundant component of plants. It reaches a concentration of over 20 mM in chloroplasts and occurs in all cell compartments, including the cell wall. It has proposed functions in photosynthesis as an enzyme cofactor (including synthesis of ethylene, gibberellins and anthocyanins) and in control of cell growth. A biosynthetic pathway via GDP-mannose, GDP-L-galactose, L-galactose, and L-galactono-1,4-lactone has been proposed only recently and is supported by molecular genetic evidence from the ascorbate-deficient vtc 1 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana. Other pathways via uronic acids could provide minor sources of ascorbate. Ascorbate, at least in some species, is a precursor of tartrate and oxalate. It has a major role in photosynthesis, acting in the Mehler peroxidase reaction with ascorbate peroxidase to regulate the redox state of photosynthetic electron carriers and as a cofactor for violaxanthin de-epoxidase, an enzyme involved in xanthophyll cycle-mediated photoprotection. The hypersensitivity of some of the vtc mutants to ozone and UV-B radiation, the rapid response of ascorbate peroxidase expression to (photo)-oxidative stress, and the properties of transgenic plants with altered ascorbate peroxidase activity all support an important antioxidative role for ascorbate. In relation to cell growth, ascorbate is a cofactor for prolyl hydroxylase that posttranslationally hydroxylates proline residues in cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins required for cell division and expansion. Additionally, high ascorbate oxidase activity in the cell wall is correlated with areas of rapid cell expansion. It remains to be determined if this is a causal relationship and, if so, what is the mechanism. Identification of the biosynthetic pathway now opens the way to manipulating ascorbate biosynthesis in plants, and, along with the vtc mutants, this should contribute to a deeper understanding of the proposed functions of this multifaceted molecule.
Probability Density Function of Reliability Metrics in BICM with Arbitrary Modulation: Closed-form through Algorithmic Approach (2008)

In the popular bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) the output of the channel encoder and the input of the modulator are separated by a bit-level interleaver. From the decoder's point of view, the modulator, the transmission channel, and the demodulator (calculating bits' reliability metrics) become a memoryless BICM channel with binary inputs and real outputs. In unfaded channels, the BICM channel's outputs (reliability metrics) are known to be Gaussian for binary- or quaternary phase shift keying but their probability density function (PDF) is not known for higher-order modulation. We fill this gap by presenting an algorithmic method to calculate closed-form expressions for the PDF of reliability metrics in BICM with arbitrary modulation and bits-to-symbol mapping when the so-called max-log approximation is applied. Such probabilistic description of BICM channel is useful to analyze, from an information- theoretic point of view, any BICM constellation/mapping design.
High-Rate Long-Life Pored Nanoribbon VNb<sub>9</sub>O<sub>25</sub> Built by Interconnected Ultrafine Nanoparticles as Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2017)

VNb<sub>9</sub>O<sub>25</sub> is a novel lithium storage material, which has not been systematically investigated so far. Via electrospinning technology, VNb<sub>9</sub>O<sub>25</sub> samples with two different morphologies, pored nanoribbon and rodlike nanoparticles, are prepared in relatively low temperature and time-saving calcination conditions. It is found that the formation process of different morphologies depends on the control of self-aggregation of the precursor by using different sample collectors. Compared with rodlike VNb<sub>9</sub>O<sub>25</sub> (RL-VNb<sub>9</sub>O<sub>25</sub>), pored nanoribbon VNb<sub>9</sub>O<sub>25</sub> (PR-VNb<sub>9</sub>O<sub>25</sub>) can deliver a higher specific capacity, lower capacity loss, and better cyclability. Even cycled at 1000 mA g<sup>-1</sup>, the reversible capacity of 132.3 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> is maintained by PR-VNb<sub>9</sub>O<sub>25</sub> after 500 cycles, whereas RL-VNb<sub>9</sub>O<sub>25</sub> only exhibits a capacity of 102.7 mAh g<sup>-1</sup>. The enhancement should be attributed to the pored nanoribbon structure with large specific surface area and shorter pathway for lithium ions transport. Furthermore, the lithium ions insertion/extraction process is verified from refinement results of in situ X-ray diffraction data, which is associated with a lithium occupation process in type III and VI cavities through tunnels I, II, and III. In addition, high structural stability and electrochemical reversibility are also demonstrated. All of these advantages suggest that PR-VNb<sub>9</sub>O<sub>25</sub> is a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
청소년 도덕적 감수성 검사도구 개발 연구(2차년도) (2012)

본 연구의 목적은 2011년 1차 예비조사에서 드러난 검사도구의 한계점들을 보완하여, 신뢰도와 타당도가 검증된 한국형 청소년 도덕적 감수성 검사도구를 최종 확정하는 것이다. 도덕적 감수성의 하위 구성요소로 상황지각과 결과지각의 2요인 모델을 확정하여 예비조사를 위한 예비문항을 딜레마별로 상황지각 6문항, 결과지각 6문항, 총 3개의 딜레마 36개의 문항을 구성하였다. 예비문항으로 2012년 7월 15일부터 7월 20일까지 중학생 422명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 예비조사 분석결과를 바탕으로 연구자 회의 및 자문회의를 거쳐 기존의 일부 문항을 삭제하고 새롭게 문항을 추가하는 문항조정을 실시하였다. 본조사는 2012년 9월 19일부터 10월 6일까지 200개 학교, 중학교 2학년을 대상으로 하였으며, 총 6,216명의 데이터가 본조사에서 분석되었다. 본조사의 결과분석을 위해 측정 문항에 대한 기술 통계와 신뢰도 분석 그리고 탐색적 요인분석을 위하여 SPSS 19.0을 이용하였다. 또한 각 문항에 대한 최종적인 확인적 요인분석의 경우 Mplus를 사용하였다. 최종적으로 도덕적 감수성의 검사도구는 딜레마별로 상황지각 5문항(도덕적 이슈 지각 1문항, 도덕적 갈등 이유 2문항, 상황에 대한 감정 2문항), 결과지각 4문항(행위결과지각 1문항, 예견한 결과 행동의 도덕적 가치지각 1문항, 예견한 결과에 대한 타인의 감정 공감 1문항), 9문항씩 총 3개의 딜레마 27문항을 최종 확정하였다. 마지막으로 도덕적 감수성 프로그램 개발의 필요성과 프로그램안, 지원체계 수립 및 도덕적 감수성 유형화 작업 등의 후속연구를 위한 제언을 제시하였다.
Shoulder and neck morbidity in quality of life after surgery for head and neck cancer (2004)

Depression and shoulder and neck morbidity are important factors in quality of life for patients who have undergone surgery for head and neck cancer.
Punch-through cell for dense bipolar ROMs (1978)

The punch-through effect, affording fast ROM cells, with projected areas of 250 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and smaller - down to 100 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> - will be discussed. Using the CDI process, cells with selection and detection can be integrated on the same chip.
Design of a recommender system for mobile tourism multimedia selection (2008)

Applications that deliver multimedia content to and display such content on mobile devices have become increasingly common in recent years. When faced with a large amount of content, unfamiliar users can make use of each otherspsila recommendations, through recommender systems, to find content of interest to them. As a case in point we present the design of a recommender system that can be used by tourists to request a travel itinerary, and subsequently browse multimedia content for each recommended tourist spot. The techniques combined in our recommender system include genetic algorithms and fuzzy logic. Recommendations are chosen to match a user profile based on a userpsilas personal preferences. Our system design has wide applicability in multimedia systems where the user requires assistance in content selection.
Increased prostaglandins E2 and F2alpha in human skin at 6 and 24 h after ultraviolet B irradiation (290− 320 nm). (1978)

I Abdominal skin of 25 human subjects was irradiated with three times its minimal erythema dose of ultraviolet (u.v.) B radiation. Erythema appeared after 2 h, was of moderate degree at 6 h, and maximal at 24 and 48 h. 2 Exudate was recovered by a suction bulla technique from the subject's normal and erythematous skin either at 6, 24 or 48 h after irradiation. 3 Superfusion cascade bioassay of exudate showed increased prostaglandin (PG)-like activity, measured in PGE2 equivalents, at 6 and 24 h after irradiation. The maximum rise was at 24 h, coinciding with the peak of the erythema. However, prostaglandin concentrations were not significantly above that of controls at 48 h when the erythema was still maximal.
Key Players and Their Role During Mitochondrial Iron–Sulfur Cluster Biosynthesis (2011)

Iron-sulfur clusters are multifaceted iron-containing cofactors coordinated and utilized by numerous proteins in nearly all biological systems. Fe-S-cluster-containing proteins help direct pathways essential for cell viability and participate in biological applications ranging from nucleotide biosynthesis and stability, protein translation, enzyme catalysis, and mitochondrial metabolism. Fe-S-containing proteins function by utilizing the unique electronic and chemical properties inherent in the Fe containing cofactor. Fe-S clusters are constructed of inorganic iron and sulfide arranged in a distinct caged structural makeup ranging from [Fe(2) -S(2) ], [Fe(3) -S(4) ], [Fe(4) -S(4) ], up to [Fe(8) -S(8) ] clusters. In eukaryotes, cluster activity is controlled in part at the assembly level and the major pathway for cluster production exists within the mitochondria. Recent insight into the pathway of mitochondrial cluster assembly has come from new in vivo and in vitro reports that provided direct insight into how all protein partners within the assembly pathway interact. However, we are only just beginning to understand the role of each protein within this complex pageant that is mitochondrial Fe-S cluster assembly. In this report we present results, using the yeast model for mitochondrial assembly, to describe the molecular details of how important proteins in the pathway coordinate for cluster assembly.
Effect of compost in phytoremediation of diesel-contaminated soils (2001)

The effect of compost on phytoremediation of diesel-contaminated soils was investigated using 130 small (200 g) containers in two screening tests. The experiments were conducted in a controlled environment using ryegrass from seed. Containers were destructively sampled at various times and analyzed for plant mass and total petroleum hydrocarbons. The results indicate that the presence of diesel reduces grass growth, and that compost helps reduced the impact of diesel on grass growth. The addition of compost helps increase diesel loss from the soils both with and without grass, though the addition of grass leads to lower diesel levels compared with controls. A second set of experiments indicates that the compost helps in phytoremediation of diesel-contaminated soil independent of the dilution effect that compost addition has. The results indicate that the compost addition allowed diesel loss down to 200 mg TPH/kg even though the compost would be expected to hold the diesel more tightly in the soil/compost mixture. The simplicity of the screening tests led to difficulties in controlling moisture content and germination rates. The conclusion of the research is that the tilling of compost into soils combined with grass seeding appears to be a valuable option for treating petroleum-contaminated soils.
Tessa Blackstone, Education and Day Care for Young Children in Need: The American Experience, Bedford Square Press of the National Council of Social Service for the Centre for Studies in Social Policy, London, 1973, Doughty Street Paper No. 1. 72 pp. 75p. (1975)

Tessa Blackstone, Education and Day Care for Young Children in Need: The American Experience, Bedford Square Press of the National Council of Social Service for the Centre for Studies in Social Policy, London, 1973, Doughty Street Paper No. 1. 72 pp. 75p. - Volume 4 Issue 2
Blends of Syndiotactic Polystyrene and Isotactic Polypropene Prepared Using a Ziegler-Natta Catalyst Containing a Novel Donor (2001)

Blends of syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) and isotactic polypropene (iPP) have been prepared using TiCl4/MgCl2/β-diketone activated with methylaluminoxane (MAO). The influences of the Al/Ti ratio and the polymerization temperature on the catalyst activity and the blend composition have been investigated. It is shown that the polymerization temperature is an important factor in determining catalyst activity and the blend composition. Through controlling the polymerization conditions, blends containing a wide composition range of styrene/propene molar fractions can be prepared. The supported catalyst shows a good activity of about 1.5×105 (g blend)·(mol Ti)–1·h–1. 13C NMR analysis allows the composition of the blends to be calculated. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) reveals that the blends of sPS/iPP prepared this way are partially compatible; the two glass transition temperatures (Tg's) of the components shift towards each other. The values of Tg, as well as the peaks of sPS intensity, increase with an increasing molar fraction of styrene in the blend. When the sPS content is in the range of 59–80 wt.-%, dual phase continuity occurs in the blends. The morphology found by microscopic observation is consistent with the DMA results.
Immediate postoperative mammogram for failed surgical excision of breast lesions. (1991)

In a series of 200 consecutive preoperative needle localizations of non-palpable breast lesions, 128 lesions (64%) were calcified and 72 lesions (36%) were noncalcified on preoperative mammograms. Radiographs of the surgical specimen failed to confirm excision of 11 lesions (5.5%), seven calcified and four noncalcified. These 11 patients were taken directly from the surgical suite to the radiology suite, where an immediate postoperative mammogram was obtained. In five patients (2.5%), immediate postoperative mammograms showed surgical failure with the lesion still present. In six patients (3.0%), immediate postoperative mammograms showed that the lesion had been removed, even though the lesion had not been identified on surgical-specimen radiographs. No errors occurred in the interpretation of immediate postoperative mammograms, a fact corroborated by examination of surgical specimens obtained at repeat surgery in three patients and identification of skin calcifications in two patients, and with follow-up mammograms in six patients. Whenever a discrepancy between preoperative localization radiographs and surgical-specimen radiographs exists, the authors suggest immediate postoperative mammography to improve the diagnostic process.
Integrated sensor and electronics processing for &lt;10^8 "iMEMS" inertial measurement unit components (2004)

There is often a large gap between theory and practice in electronics. Making one of a "device" in a lab is a far cry from turning out 10's of millions. For a technology to succeed both must happen. This paper addresses the latter discipline. Presented are selected details on the processes and products involved in commercially producing over 120 million integrated MEMS inertial measurement devices, i.e., accelerometers and gyroscopes.
Bruk av Salsnes filterteknologi for fjerning av lakselus fra pumpevann ved et lakseslakteri (2010)

Filterteknologi fra Salsnes Filter AS for fjerning av lakselus i pumpevann ble testet ved slakteriet til Midt Norsk Havbruk AS, januar 2010. Vannprøver for mikroskopering ble hentet utenfor ventemerd, i ventemerd for pumping, etter pumping like før filtrering, og etter filtrering. Det ble også hentet prøver av avspylt filtermasse. Videre ble fastsittende, bevegelige stadier av lakselus telt før og etter pumping. Det ble ikke påvist lakselus utenfor ventemerd. I ventemerd før pumping ble det kun funnet frittlevende lusestadier Telling av fastsittende lus på laks før og etter pumping viste at en viss andel lus løsnet fra fisken i det den ble pumpet fra ventemerd til slakteri. Filterteknologien til Salsnes Filter fjernet parasittiske stadier av lakselus i pumpevannet effektivt, men det ble observert frittlevende stadier i renset vann. Disse har bredde mindre enn lysåpning i filteret, som var 350 μm. Ved å velge en lysåpning på 100 - 150 μm. kan man forvente å fjerne frittlevende stadier av lus. En kan da sannsynligvis oppnå 100 % fjerning av lakselus fra pumpevannet. I tillegg til lakselus, inneholdt avspylt filtermasse betydelige mengder fiskeskjell og slim, noe som tyder på at Salsnes Filterteknologi også fjerner organisk stoff (TOC) fra pumpevannet. Filtrering av pumpevann ved slakteri ved bruk av filterteknologi fra Salsnes filter kan være et viktig tiltak i kampen mot lakselus.
The hydrologic laboratory (1963)

Introduction: The water chemistry of streams in the Delaware River basin falls into eight general groups, when mapped according to the prevalent dissolved-solids content and the predominant ions normally found in the water. The approximate regions representing each of these iso-chemical quality groups are shown on the accompanying base map of the drainage basin. The prevalent chemical characteristics of the streams in each region are summarized in the following table: Region Dissolved solids pH Predominant ions (in parts per million) 10-70 6.0-7.5 calcium, bicarbonate, sulfate 100-500 < 5.5 calcium, sulfate 150-2,000 < 5.0 calcium, sulfate 100-250 6.5-8.5 calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate 70-150 6.0-8.0 calcium, sulfate, bicarbonate 40-150 5.5-6.5 calcium, sulfate 20-100 4.0-6 .o sodium, sulfate, chloride 100-25,000 6.5-7.5 sodium, chloride
Performance predictions for large hysteresis motors (1977)

This paper examines the possibilities of designing large, integral-horsepower hysteresis motors to have efficiency and power factor comparable with that of induction motors. Scaling techniques are used, together with a previously published analytical method, to scale up an existing laboratory hysteresis motor of 3 kW rating. The resulting design for a 200 kW hysteresis motor is predicted to have an efficiency in excess of 90% and a power factor in excess of 70%.
An initial assessment of neural network and fuzzy logic technology for flight control systems (2005)

This paper presents an initial assessment of neural network and fuzzy logic technology for flight control systems based on completed and ongoing Navy research programs. The focus is on relatively conservative applications for the near future. This includes uses in both future aircraft and upgrades of current aircraft. For each general area, specific examples and simulated results are briefly discussed for high performance jet aircraft, such as the F/A-18. Areas discussed include online learning, fault diagnostics, design tools, validation, implementing control law components, and advanced outer loop control.
Graphene oxide based device for flexible RRAM application (2013)

The graphene oxide based device was fabricated on the flexible substrate. The reproducible resistive switching properties and the retention time of the devices that are before bending, under bending, and after bending are investigated. The experimental results indicate that the grapheme oxide based device is a potential nonvolatile memory candidate for future flexible electronics.
APPLICATIONS OF LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION IN INORGANIC SEPARATIONS (1961)

The dose of oral midazolam should be greatly reduced or avoided with saquinavir, but bolus doses of intravenous midazolam can probably be used quite safely. During a prolonged midazolam infusion, an initial dose reduction of 50% followed by careful titration is recommended to counteract the reduced clearance caused by saquinavir.
Optical and electrical properties of Al-rich AlGaN alloys (2001)

Al x Ga 1−x N alloys with x up to 0.7 were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition and their optical properties were investigated by deep UV time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Our results revealed that both the activation energy of the PL emission intensity and the PL decay lifetime exhibit sharp increases at x of around 0.4. The results can be understood in terms of the sharp increase of the impurity binding energy or the carrier/exciton localization energy around x=0.4. A three orders of magnitude increase in resistivity of undoped AlGaN alloys at x of around 0.4 was also observed, which further corroborated the optical results.
Eye closure and open detection using Adaptive Thresholding Histogram Enhancement (ATHE) technique and connected components utilisation (2014)

Eye closure detection is an important operation prior to carry out the main algorithm such as iris recognition algorithms, and eye tracking algorithms. This paper introduces a method to detect eye closure using Adaptive Thresholding Histogram Enhancement (ATHE) technique and connected component utilisation. The ATHE technique is a combination of histogram enhancement and estimation threshold technique. Firstly, in this proposed method the eye region is required to be localised. The ATHE technique enhances the eye region image then and yield the threshold value to segment the iris region. Based on the segmentation result, the connected components of binary image are used to classify the state of eye whether open or close. This classification is based on the shape and size of segmented region. The performance of the proposed technique is tested and validated by using UBIRIS, MMU and CASIA iris image database.
Almond hulls: Tested as feed for dairy cattle and lambs showed promise and limitations in value (1949)

Some of the 40,000 tons of almond hulls produced annually in California—as a by-product in the process of hulling almonds—are fed to dairy cattle, sheep, and milk goats.
The conservative code for bit synchronization (1990)

A novel coding scheme for bit synchronization, the conservative code, is presented and analyzed. Each codeword is characterized by having a predefined number of transitions, with a known delimiting transition at the end, i.e. the number of transitions is conserved. As a result, it is possible to decode the incoming serial bit-stream without explicitly recovering the receiving clock with a phase-locked loop. Thus, it is possible to receive messages from asynchronous sources without any training period. This code can be extremely useful in communication over a passive optical star. In the analysis, the efficiency or capacity of the code is computed with two additional constraints: limited run-length and balancing. It is shown that this coding scheme is efficient when both constraints are applied. The objective of this analysis is to show that the additional constraints imposed on the encoding do not cause a significant reduction in its efficiency. The design of a serial electronic interface is described. Its goal is to maximize the interface bandwidth (greater than 1/Gb/s with GaAs technology), which is usually the bottleneck of an optical communication system. It is achieved by reducing the critical timing path to one flipflop and one NOR gate, and by having a hierarchical interface design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
LOS MONUMENTA GERMANIAE HISTÓRICA Y SUS ÍNDICES (2001)

Los Monumento Germaniae Historica' son una coleccion de textos medievales que comenzo a publicarse en la Alemania todavia no unificada el ano 1826, a iniciativa de la titulada Sociedad para los documentos historicos antiguos de Alemania. La determinacion de lo que era germanico se tomo en un sentido muy lato, pues se extendio a la produccion documental y literaria de los pueblos de este origen, incluso cuando se habia desarrollado en territorios fuera de su solar definitivo. Ello quiere decir que abarcaba la Espana visigotica. (...)
Use of N-Pivaloyl Imidazole as Protective Reagent for Sugars (1998)

N-pivaloyl imidazole - selective acylation - monosaccharides - pivaloylation - protective reagent
Effect of combination therapy with thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine versus T4 monotherapy in patients with hypothyroidism, a double-blind, randomised cross-over study (2009)

In a study design, where morning TSH levels were unaltered between groups combination therapy, (treated with T(3) 20 microg once daily) was superior to monotherapy by evaluating several QOL, depression and anxiety rating scales as well as patients own preference.