gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Cloud-Based Car Parking Middleware for IoT-Based Smart Cities: Design and Implementation (2014)

This paper presents the generic concept of using cloud-based intelligent car parking services in smart cities as an important application of the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. This type of services will become an integral part of a generic IoT operational platform for smart cities due to its pure business-oriented features. A high-level view of the proposed middleware is outlined and the corresponding operational platform is illustrated. To demonstrate the provision of car parking services, based on the proposed middleware, a cloud-based intelligent car parking system for use within a university campus is described along with details of its design, implementation, and operation. A number of software solutions, including Kafka/Storm/Hbase clusters, OSGi web applications with distributed NoSQL, a rule engine, and mobile applications, are proposed to provide 'best' car parking service experience to mobile users, following the Always Best Connected and best Served (ABC&S) paradigm.
Compression Stress Relaxation Test Comparisons and Development (2000)

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The Theory of the GPS Composite Clock (1991)

In essence, GPS is a network of atomic clocks related by measured signal transit times, specifically receive times measured by ground station clocks minus transmit times measured by satellite clocks. Such measurements allow both orbit and clock estimation, but since clocks appear only in differences, any error common to all the clocks would remain unobservable. Early GPS designs therefore treated one of the clocks as a master, “correct” by definition and dropped from the problem. Although such artificial reliance on a particular clock was obviously undesirable, suggestions of clock ensembling were inhibited by a lack of theory. The combined orbit/clock problem clearly required a Kalman filter or the equivalent, and that seemed to demand a completely observable system. This paper presents the solution (in use since June 1990) known as the GPS Composite Clock. Essentially it is a Kalman filter applied to the original orbit/clock problem, including all clocks, treating none as master. There are no explicit ensembling equations, and the system is not completely observable, but a series of new theorems shows that (a) the Kalman filter implicitly creates an ensemble time from all the clocks, and (b) the unobservability can be handled in any of several acceptable ways. A concept of transparent variations is developed to show the role of unobservable dimensions, and permit a dynamic separation of covariance into unobservable and observable parts. The observable part is recognized as the covariance of the various clocks about an implicit ensemble mean of them all, and the unobservable part as the covariance of the implicit ensemble mean relative to an ideal clock. To within the small error levels of the observable parts of the system, every corrected clock (physical clock corrected by its estimated error) behaves as if controlled by the implicit ensemble mean. Thus a corrected clock represents the implicit ensemble mean (to within such errors) and has the same long-term stability. For example, long term Allan variances are typically reduced, relative to stand-alone values, by a factor of the effective number of clocks.
High-voltage, high-power, pulse-step modulators for the accurate supply of gyrotron and other heating devices (2003)

At the Max-Planck-Institut fur Plasmaphysik in Greifswald, Germany, there are planed several plasma heating systems with high output power. There is on the one hand an ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) with a pulsed output power of 2 MW per RF amplifier, a neutral beam injection (NBI) with a pulsed output power of up to 3 MW per accelerator and an electron cyclotron resonance heating system (ECRH) with totally 10 MW output cw with 10 tubes. For the supply of the different systems universal high voltage power sources with totally 26 MW electrical power in cw operation and 52 MW in pulsed operation are under construction. The output voltage can be adjusted up to 130 kV. The system has very low amount of stored energy. For this reason a commonly used crowbar system Is not necessary. The power supplies have the capability of modulation up to 500 Hz square wave with a modulation degree of one and several kHz with lower degrees. To meet all requirements for all the heating systems, the supply can be configured concerning polarity, maximum voltage and current, modulation parameters, series operation, pulse length supervision etc. The supply comes in four units where the first unit with 6.5 MW cw is in operation since end of 2001.
Metabolic Basis of Drug Interactions in the Intensive Care Unit (2000)

Drug interactions are a potentially hazardous consequence of drug therapy, particularly in the critically ill. Many drug interactions result from changes in drug metabolism. These interactions can result in either an increase in toxicity or a decrease in effect. The process of normal drug metabolism depends on the activity of individual metabolizing enzymes. The activity of these enzymes can be altered by many factors, and it is alterations in these enzymes that account for most drug interactions. This article reviews normal and abnormal drug metabolism and discusses how this knowledge can be used to predict and prevent potential drug interactions.
Ectoderm nuclei from sea urchin embryos contain a Spec–DNA binding protein similar to the vertebrate transcription factor USF (1990)

Abstract The Spec gene family of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus is expressed exclusively in aboral ectoderm cells during embryogenesis. To investigate the regulation of Spec gene activity, the region around the Spec1 transcriptional initiation site was analyzed for sites of protein–DNA interaction. One high-affinity site bound a factor termed SpFl within the Spec1 5′ untranslated leader region at position +39 to +60. The core sequence recognized by SpFl, CACGTG, is the same as that of the upstream stimulatory factor (USF), a widely occurring vertebrate transcription factor containing a myc-HLH motif. A comparison of USF- and SpFl-binding activities suggested that SpFl was a sea urchin version of USF. SpFl activity was detectable only in ectoderm cells of the embryo, implying that it has a role as a cell type-specific transcription factor. SpFl-binding sites were also found upstream of the Spec2a and Spec2c genes in the same conserved sequence block as Spec1. Extracts from Lyte-chinus pictus embryos showed an SpFl-like activity, suggesting that SpFl is conserved in sea urchins. Surprisingly, changes in the Spec1, Spec2a, or Specie genes that removed or modified the SpFl-binding site had no effect on expression when reporter gene fusions containing these mutations were injected into sea urchin eggs and analyzed for expression during embryogenesis. We propose that, while SpFl may not be essential for expression of the exogenously introduced reporter genes, it may be required for proper regulation of the endogenous Spec genes.
Transcript processing internal to a mitochondrial open reading frame is correlated with fertility restoration in male‐sterile sorghum (1996)

A chimeric mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) configuration of the cytoplasmic male-sterile (cms) sorghum line IS1112C includes a 321 bp open reading frame designated orf107, encoding a predicted polypeptide product of 11.85 kDa. The open reading frame, similar to several other genes associated with cms, consists of amino-terminal sequences derived from an obligate gene. Unlike other examples to date, however, the carboxy-terminal sequences are highly similar to the carboxy terminus of an open reading frame implicated in cms of rice, orf79. The amino-terminal 31 residues of orf107 are 84% similar to atp9, and the carboxy-terminal 49 residues are 57% identical and 80% similar to the carboxy terminus of orf79. Transcripts of orf107 are edited, with four C-to-U changes that alter amino acids. Sorghum lines partially or fully restored to fertility exhibit a high-efficiency internal-orf107 transcript processing activity, precluding abundant whole-length transcripts, while male-sterile lines exhibit only a trace of the activity. Previous data on the abundance of a 12kDa in organello-synthesized polypeptide in male-sterile versus male-fertile lines are correlated with differential orf107 transcript processing activity of these lines. Examinations of backcross and F2 lines suggest a gametophytic mode of restoration, and indicate that enhanced transcript processing activity is necessary, but not sufficient, to restore full fertility. These novel observations indicate that mitochondrial open reading frames associated with cms in different species can include highly similar motifs, and that fertility restoration could involve a mechanism by which synthesis of a cms-associated gene product may be precluded through internal transcript cleavage.
Take some time for yourself (2008)

Community nurses are being urged to focus more on their own health, reports rosemary cook
Water Injected LM 1600 Installation and Operating Experience (1994)

In 1992 Alberta Natural Gas Company Ltd (“ANG”) installed a General Electric LM 1600 gas turbine at its Moyie compressor station in southeastern BC, Canada. The unit was packaged by Dresser Rand with a General Electric supplied power turbine. To comply with provincial emissions permitting requirements, and in response to growing environmental concerns, the gas turbine was installed with water injection for exhaust stack NOx control. Water was obtained from an underground well and, after treatment to bring the water to a condition specified by General Electric, was injected into the combustion chamber of the gas turbine. After commissioning, extensive on-site testing was conducted to determine the emissions from the unit using three different techniques, at a variety of load and water injection rates. These tests showed that the expected emission reductions had been achieved and allowed the optimum water injection flow rate to be accurately established for a range of operating conditions.
Molecular mechanisms of gossypol action on lipid membranes. (1984)

Gossypol, an aldehyde extracted from cotton plants, produces both general toxic and antifertility effects in mammals. The cellular mechanisms by which gossypol exerts these effects are not understood. In this study, we have characterized the interactions of gossypol with lipid monolayer and bilayer membranes in order to assess if the drug acts by modifying the electrochemical properties of membranes. The charged form of gossypol binds to monolayers of different lipid compositions with apparent dissociation constants ranging from 0.7 to 2 microM. Binding of charged gossypol decreases the interfacial potential by 80-235 mV, the magnitude of this decrease being dependent upon the lipid composition. Gossypol also induces a conductance in phospholipid bilayer membranes. The relation between steady-state bilayer conductance versus gossypol concentration indicates that the current-carrying species is a single molecule of gossypol. The increase in bilayer conductance is accompanied by an increase in proton permeability. These changes induced by gossypol in model membranes can account for the mitochondrial uncoupling effects of this molecule and may be responsible for the inhibitory effects of gossypol on several membrane transport systems.
Overview (2002)

Software is the enabler and inhibitor to communications systems that will evolve to provide the much-heralded multimedia, broadband network infrastructures. As in Lucent Technologies, software now typically claims two thirds to three fourths of the R&D budgets of communications systems providers around the world. As such, it reflects the most strategic R&D investment that any of these providers are now making. This issue of the Bell Labs Technical Journal is dedicated to software and to some of the key ingredients Bell Labs sees in the development and use of software in communications systems.
Modern isotope ratio mass spectrometry (1997)

Partial table of contents: INSTRUMENTATION. Historical Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometers. Second Generation Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometers. Advanced Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry III: Quadrupole Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry. PROCESSES AND APPLICATIONS. Ion Formation Processes. Isotope Ratio Measurement Procedures. Calculations. Appendices. Indexes.
Gentamicin and Tobramycin Dosing Guidelines: An Evaluation (1983)

The provision of pharmacokinetic dosing services has become a cornerstone of clinical pharmacy practice in many institutions. As these services expand, more pharmacists will become involved, and the need for a structured, uniform approach to the provision of these services may be necessary. Therefore, this article discusses specific approaches (i.e., guidelines) to the most common clinical conditions that the pharmacist may encounter. The goal is to promote consistent interpretation and application of clinical and kinetic data by the members of our aminoglycoside dosing service. The guidelines provide a structured yet adaptive approach to the clinical use of gentamicin and tobramycin. The major areas of controversy that were encountered in developing these guidelines are discussed, and the guidelines are presented. These guidelines currently are used to standardize our pharmacokinetic dosing service and as a tool for educating new pharmacists to their role and responsibilities as members of the pharmacokinetic consultation team. Additionally, these guidelines are being used as criteria for the assessment of quality assurance in the area of clinical pharmacokinetics.
An MOS transistor model for RF IC design valid in all regions of operation (2002)

This paper presents an overview of MOS transistor modeling for RF integrated circuit design. It starts with the description of a physical equivalent circuit that can easily be implemented as a SPICE subcircuit. The MOS transistor is divided into an intrinsic part, representing mainly the active part of the device, and an extrinsic part responsible for most of the parasitic elements. A complete charge-based model of the intrinsic part is presented. The main advantage of this new charge-based model is to provide a simple and coherent description of the DC, AC, nonquasi-static (NQS), and noise behavior of the intrinsic MOS that is valid in all regions of operation. It is based on the forward and reverse charges q/sub f/ and q/sub r/ defined as the mobile charge densities, evaluated at the source and at the drain. This intrinsic model also includes a new simplified NQS model that uses a bias and frequency normalization allowing one to describe the high-order frequency behavior with only two simple functions. The extrinsic model includes all the terminal access series resistances, and particularly the gate resistance, the overlap, and junction capacitances as well as a substrate network. The latter is required to account for the signal coupling occurring at RF from the drain to the source and the bulk, through the junction capacitances. The noise model is then presented, including the effect of the substrate resistances on the RF noise parameters. All the aspects of the model are validated for a 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS process.
CONTINUOUS RECORDING OF ACID GASTRIC SECRETION IN THE RAT (1958)

A method is described for the continuous recording of acid gastric secretion in the rat. The stomach of the rat anaesthetized with urethane is perfused with a dilute sodium hydroxide solution by way of the oesophagus and the pH of the fluid emerging from a cannula in the pylorus is registered graphically. In passing through the stomach, the perfusate collects sufficient buffer to act as an approximately linear buffer system over the relevant range, so that the change in pH becomes a measure of acid secretion. The preparation is suitable for the bioassay of secretory stimulants. Ten or more drug doses can be administered in succession in one preparation, so that each animal serves as a self-contained assay unit. Intravenous doses of histamine, methacholine, carbachol and acetylcholine produce a graded and reversible stimulation of acid secretion. The secretory effect of histamine is markedly and specifically potentiated by antihistaminases.
China's oil industry & market (1999)

Chapter headings and subheadings: Preface. Economic and Political Outlook. Economic performance: overview and outlook. Political outlook. Oil Policy and its Impact. Oil industry reforms. Oil pricing. Oil distribution policy. Oil import policy. Crude Oil Production. Crude production levels, onshore and offshore. Tarim Basin exploration and development. Projected crude production. Refining Industry: Policy and Industry Prospects. Crude distillation and conversion capacity. Overview of refining capacity plans and assessment of actual changes. Refinery yields and output. Oil transportation. Refining policy. Petroleum Product Demand. Oil in total energy consumption. Gasoline. Diesel oil. Fuel oil. Other refined products. Total petroleum products. Oil Quality and its Environmental Impact. Crude quality. Environmental impact. Supply/Demand Balance: Implications for Trade. Crude oil balance. Petroleum product balance. Can China afford import expenses? Regional oil balance. China's impact on the Asian Market. Impact of crude imports on regional trade flows and crude prices. Impact of product fundamentals on regional supply/demand balances. Impact of product crude spreads. Conclusion. Appendices. Index.
Temperature dependence of Ohmic contact characteristics in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors from −50 to 200 °C (2009)

The temperature dependent characteristics of Ti/Al/Ni/Au Ohmic contact for AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) on high-resistivity Si and sapphire substrates were investigated over the temperature range from −50 to 200 °C. The sheet resistances (Rsh) of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on Si and sapphire substrates were found to increase with the temperature according to the power-law equation with power indices of −2.7 and −2.3, respectively. The specific contact resistivity (ρC) decreased with the temperature, and it was observed to be determined by the electron thermionic field emission (TFE) from the lowered conduction band edge in the modified AlGaN region with high-density N-vacancies to the quantum well at the AlGaN/GaN heterojunction with two dimensional electron gas (2DEG). Three important parameters in the TFE are extracted, that is, the barrier height (ϕB) of around 0.5 eV, the energy difference between the effective conductive-band edge and the Fermi level in 2DEG (En) of around 0.1 eV, and the 2DEG electron density (ND) with the order of magnitude of 1019 cm−3.
Methylglyoxal, oxidative stress, and hypertension (2006)

Pathogenic mechanisms for essential hypertension are unclear despite striking efforts from numerous research teams over several decades. Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been associated with the development of hypertension and the role of ROS in hypertension has been well documented in recent years. In this context, it is important to better understand pathways and triggering factors for increased ROS production in hypertension. This review draws a causative linkage between elevated methylglyoxal level, methylglyoxal-induced production of ROS, and advanced glycation end products in the development of hypertension. It is proposed that elevated methylglyoxal level and resulting protein glycation and ROS production may be the upstream links in the chain reaction leading to the development of hypertension.
Use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor medications for the treatment of child and adolescent mental illness (2013)

Comprehensive clinical management plans for treating depression or anxiety disorders in children and adolescents frequently include the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) medications. This statement reviews empirical data regarding the effectiveness of specific SSRI medications, monitoring guidelines, and potential adverse effects of SSRI use including risk of suicidality. SSRI medications can be effective in treating child and adolescent depression and anxiety disorders. Untreated depressive illness may be more harmful than appropriate use of SSRI medication. Physicians should ensure careful elicitation and documentation of baseline depressive and anxious symptoms before initiating SSRI medication. Following medication initiation, patients should also be closely monitored for potential adverse effects, including suicidal ideation and behaviour.
Tumor Necrosis Factor   Regulates  v 5 Integrin Expression by Osteoclast Precursors in Vitro and in Vivo (2000)

Early osteoclast precursors, in the form of murine bone marrow macrophages (BMMs), while expressing no detectableα vβ3 integrin, contain abundantα vβ5 and attach to matrix in anα v integrin-dependent manner. Furthermore,α vβ5 expression by osteoclast precursors progressively falls as they assume the resorptive phenotype. We find the osteoclastogenic agent, tumor necrosis factor-α, (TNF) down-regulates αvβ5 expression by BMMS via attenuation of β5 messenger RNA (mRNA) t1/2. Using BMMs from TNF receptor knockout mice we establish the p55 receptor transmits the β5 suppressive effect. The functional implications of TNF-mediated αvβ5 down-regulation are underscored by the capacity of an αv inhibitory peptide mimetic to prevent spreading by BMMs expressing abundantα vβ5 while failing to impact those in which the integrin has been diminished by TNF. Finally, β5 mRNA in BMMs of wild-type mice administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS) progressively falls with time of in vivo treatment. Alternatively, β5 mRNA does not decline in BMMs of LPS-treated mice lacking both TNF receptors, documenting down-regulation of the β5 integrin subunit, in vivo, is mediated by TNF. Thus, matrix attachment of osteoclast precursors and mature osteoclasts are governed by distinctα v integrins which are differentially regulated by specific cytokines.
Micro-hole drilling and cutting using femtosecond fiber laser (2014)

Micro-hole drilling and cutting in ambient air are presented by using a femtosecond fiber laser. At first, the micro-hole drilling was investigated in both transparent (glasses) and nontransparent (metals and tissues) materials. The shape and morphology of the holes were characterized and evaluated with optical and scanning electron microscopy. Debris-free micro-holes with good roundness and no thermal damage were demonstrated with the aspect ratio of 8∶1 . Micro-hole drilling in hard and soft tissues with no crack or collateral thermal damage is also demonstrated. Then, trench micromachining and cutting were studied for different materials and the effect of the laser parameters on the trench properties was investigated. Straight and clean trench edges were obtained with no thermal damage.
Modeling and simulation of continuous Catalytic Regeneration (CCR) Process (2011)

Continuous Catalytic Regeneration (CCR) is one of the key processes in petroleum refineries for octane improvement and production of aromatic feedstock for petrochemical industries. Typical CCR reforming processes consist of three to four reactors with recycle. The reaction patterns and reactors have been mathematically modeled by using matlab software. The process model is based on a 12­lumped kinetics reaction network and has been proved to be quite effective in terms of an industrial application. The naphtha is based on 25­lumped pseudo components including C6 to C9 hydrocarbons in three categories of paraffin’s, naphtha’s, and aromatics. Simulation and modeling with process constraints is noticeable and has profitable applications for kinetic model to improve the process performance and maximize unit profitability. The simulation and modeling results of the model which have been validated for industrial CCR process will be presented.