gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New methods in diagnostic and therapy Invasive and non-invasive fractional flow reserve index in validation of hemodynamic severity of intracoronary lesions (2013)

This review discusses visual and functional evaluation of the hemodynamic significance of the degree of stenosis in coronary angiography, with respect to the indications for revascularization. The concept of the coronary flow reserve is defined, and the theoretical assumptions of the invasive measurement of the fractional flow reserve (FFR) are presented. In the following part, the publication describes the basic steps of numerical stimulations in terms of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in calculating the fractional flow reserve based on computed tomography (CT) coronary angiography (FFRCT). The numerical FFRCT estimation in correlation with invasive measurements, as well as benefits deriving from FFRCT in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease, is presented in the example of the multicentre prospective DISCOVER-FLOW trial and the DeFACTO project. The CDF method enables to obtain hemodynamic significance of stenosis solely from the coronary anatomy vizualized by CT angiography. The calculation of FFRCT increases the diagnostic reliability of coronary flow reserve estimations. It contributes to the improvement in patients' qualification for contrast coronarography. If the accuracy of FFRCT is confirmed in clinical practice, and the time required for computational processing is shortened, it may turn out that the algorithms of coronary heart disease diagnosis will be verified and it will be to a greater extent based on the CT results.
The Influence of Terfenadine and Pseudo-Ephedrine Alone and in Combination on Allergen-Induced Rhinitis (1993)

Nasal biopsies to naturally occurring allergic rhinitis demonstrate ultrastructural evidence of mast cell degranulation. Consistent with this, H1 antihistamines are clinically efficacious in this disorder. The nasal symptoms of itch, sneeze and discharge are, however, more susceptible to this mode of therapy than is nasal blockage. As nasal blockage is vascular, the combination of an H1 antihistamine and a decongestant has a logical rationale. To investigate the efficacy of such a combination, the influence of pretreatment with terfenadine, 60 mg, pseudo-ephedrine, 120 mg, Seldane-d (a registered trademark of Marion Merrell Dow)--a combination of pseudo-ephedrine, 120 mg, and terfenadine, 60 mg,--and matched placebo was objectively investigated on the nasal response to allergen in grass-pollen-sensitive seasonal rhinitic subjects (7 males, 7 females, age 19-56 years) in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 4-period cross-over study. Seldane-D was significantly better than placebo in all efficacy measurements: nasal itch (p < 0.02), sneezing (p < 0.01), discharge (p < 0.01) and blockage (p < 0.003). The terfenadine component of Seldane-D contributed predominantly to the reduction in itch, sneeze and discharge (p < 0.01) while the pseudo-ephedrine component primarily contributed to the nasal airway effects (p < 0.04). These results indicate that the combination of terfenadine and pseudo-ephedrine as a single oral medication is complementary.
GaN and InGaN quantum dots grown by MBE: from UV to red light emission (2000)

Group-III nitride quantum dots (QDs) are grown by molecular beam epitaxy. GaN/AIN QDs are used as a prototypical system for studying the interplay of the carrier localization and the built-in polarization field. The latter effect pushes the QD photoluminescence (PL) in the red range. InGaN/GaN QDs are fabricated taking advantage of the Stranski-Krastanow growth mode transition. In0.15Ga0.85N/GaN QDs exhibit a superior radiative efficiency compared to low In content (x less than or equal to0.1) InxGa1-xN/GaN quantum wells (QWs). However, the optical properties of InGaN/GaN QWs with an In composition of 20% are very close to those of In0.15Ga0.85N/GaN QDs. These similarities could be related to strong In composition fluctuations forming deep potential wells for x greater than or equal to0.15. Blue to red PL at room temperature is then observed on In0.2Ga0.8N/GaN QWs despite the huge density of dislocations. 0.4 to 0.6 mum electroluminescence is obtained from InGaN/GaN based light emitting diodes.
Multi-resolution three-dimensional multi-modality image registration by maximization of mutual information (2005)

Maximization of mutual information is a very powerful criterion for 3D medical image registration, allowing robust and accurate fully automated rigid registration of multi-modal images in various applications. In this paper, we presented a method based on normalized mutual information with sub-sampling of the images for 3D image registration on the images of CT, MR and PET. Powell's direction set method and Brent's one-dimensional optimization algorithm were used as optimization strategy. A multi-resolution approach was applied to speedup the matching process. For PET images, pre-processing of segmentation was performed to reduce the background artifacts. According to the evaluation by Vanderbilt University, the average of mean of registration error for CT-MR task was 1.47 mm and for MR-PET task was 3.22 mm. The registration images with edge extraction showed good matches by visual inspection. Sub-voxel accuracy in multi-modality registration has been achieved with this algorithm.
Membrane markers of the immune cells in swine: an update (2008)

Besides their breeding value, swine are increasingly used as biomedical models. As reported in three international swine clusters of differentiation (CD) workshops and in the animal homologue section of the last workshop for the determination of human leukocyte differentiation antigens (HLDA 8), characterisation of leukocyte surface antigens by monoclonal antibodies and other molecular studies have determined the cell lineages and blood leukocyte subsets implicated in the immune response, including cell adhesion molecules involved in cell trafficking. This review focusses on the current state of knowledge of porcine leukocyte differentiation and major histocompatibility complex (SLA) molecules. Examples of porcine particularities such as the double-positive T lymphocytes with the phenotype CD(4+)CD8(low) and CD(4-)CD8(low) alphabeta T cell subsets and the persistence of SLA class II after T-lymphocyte activation are illustrated, as well as the shared characteristics of the Artiodactyla group, such as the high proportion of gammadelta TcR (T cell receptor) T cells in blood and other lymphoid tissues. Furthermore, discrepancies between swine and humans, such as CD16 expression on dendritic cells and CD11b (wCD11R1) tissue distribution are outlined. The rapidly growing information should facilitate manipulation of the swine immune system towards improving disease control, and open new avenues for biomedical research using the pig as a model.
“Sketch and Peel” Lithography for High-Resolution Multiscale Patterning (2016)

We report a unique lithographic process, termed "Sketch and Peel" lithography (SPL), for fast, clean, and reliable patterning of metallic structures from tens of nanometers to submillimeter scale using direct writing technology. The key idea of SPL process is to define structures using their presketched outlines as the templates for subsequent selective peeling of evaporated metallic layer. With reduced exposure area, SPL process enables significantly improved patterning efficiency up to hundreds of times higher and greatly mitigated proximity effect compared to current direct writing strategy. We demonstrate that multiscale hierarchical metallic structures with arbitrary shapes and minimal feature size of ∼15 nm could be defined with high fidelity using SPL process for potential nanoelectronic and nano-optical applications.
Significant new distributional records for the Genus Sphagnum in the Northeastern United States (1974)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Effects of free-range and confined housing on joint health in a herd of fattening pigs (2014)

In this experiment the prevalence of osteochondrosis in the elbow and the hock was higher, and lesions were more severe, in free-range than in confined pigs, suggesting that free-range housing increases the risk of acquiring osteochondrosis. Increased biomechanical stress to vulnerable joint structures may be the mechanism behind this effect, however more studies are needed to verify these results. This study suggests that modification of housing, and breeding for joints that are more adapted to free-range movement may be needed in free-range pig production. Severe osteochondrosis is a cause of joint condemnation, but the condemnation rate at slaughter underestimates the actual frequency of joint lesions and hence is a poor assessment of joint health.
ESD and latch up phenomena on advanced technology LSI (2005)

As packing density of LSI (Large Scale Integrated circuits) is increasing, device geometry has to be miniaturized. For advanced LSI such as 16-64 Mbit DRAM (dynamic random access memory), gate length of MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) transistor becomes 0.3-0.5 micron. This scaling requires thin oxide film and shallow junction. On the other hand, it is well known that the scaling causes hot carrier induced degradation. To overcome this degradation, transistor structure change to LDD (Lightly Doped Drain) or operation voltage decrease are required. However, the operation voltage decrease causes device operation error due to S/N rate decrease. Furthermore, it is popular to divide power lines between internal circuit and I/O buffer near the power pad. These improvements concerning device structure and circuit layout cause several new ESD failure phenomena and decrease of latch up immunity on CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) devices. In this paper, analysis of these new phenomena and improvement technologies are described on advanced technology devices. Furthermore, the wafer level ESD test technique is described as a new evaluation method of transistor units.
La "Hipotesis de lo innato" y los modelos explicativos en La Lingüística (1973)

LA 'HIPOTESISDE LO INNATO' (en adelante la 'H. 1') es una hipotesis atrevida -o aparentemente atrevida; puede no ser significativa en cuyo caso no es atrevidapropuesta por Noam Chomsky. Estoy en deuda con Chomsky por haberme expuesto repetidamente la H. l.; en 10 que sigue me baso en gran parte en la abundante informacion oral obtenida de el. Le pido disculpas por adelantado si desfiguro la H. l. en algun detalle o tergiverso alguno de los argumentos en su favor. Ademas de basarme en su informacion oral. tambien lo hago en su articulo Explanatory Models in Linguistics en el que la H. l. juega un importante papel. Para comenzar. pues, la H. l. es la hipotesis de que el cerebro humano esta programado desde el nacimiento en algunos aspectos muy especificos y estructurados del lenguaje natural humano. Los detalles de esta programacion son explicados con cierta minuciosidad en Explanatory Models in Linguistics. Supongamos que el que habla 'ha construido' t
Visualization of flow data based on clustering technique for identifying network anomalies (2009)

In this paper we present an approach for visualizing net flow data through clustering to identify anomalies in network traffic. Various clustering techniques are applicable for Intrusion Detection for identifying anomalous events. In this paper we present an approach based on Simple K-Means for analyzing network flow data using any flow data attribute, such as IP address, port, protocols etc, to detect anomalies. Our approach is unique and efficient due to the preprocessing and filtering techniques devised. The outcome of our approach is firstly in its capability to detect anomalous network events, secondly in providing an overview about given data set based on key network parameters and thirdly, in providing visualization of interesting security events in a very intuitive way. We present our analysis and results where we demonstrate the visualization capabilities of our approach for detecting anomalous events.
c-Ha-ras polymorphism in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Comparison of healthy subjects and alcoholic patients with cirrhosis. (1993)

It has been observed that certain rare alleles of the c-Ha-ras gene occur more frequently in patients with certain malignant tumors than in healthy individuals, suggesting that these alleles may serve as markers for particular types of cancer. In this study, we compared the restriction fragment length polymorphism at the c-Ha-ras gene locus in 40 patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma with that in 39 patients with cirrhosis and in 42 normal subjects, all of Caucasian origin. Southern blotting of leukocyte DNA from the above patients, after digestion with either BamH1 or AvaII, revealed the presence of allele fragments of different sizes, corresponding to 4 common alleles and 3 rare alleles. The occurrence of the 3 rare alleles was not significantly different in the 3 populations studied. On the other hand, 2 of the common alleles, a3 (P < 0.01) and a4 (P < 0.03), were found at a significantly higher frequency in patients with cancer than in the 2 other groups. These results suggest that, in hepatocellular carcinoma, there is no increase in the frequency of occurrence of the rare alleles of the c-Ha-ras, but that the distribution of the common alleles may be modified.
Potential antiinfective agents from Eriodictyon angustifolium Nutt. and Salvia apiana Jeps. (1991)

The dichloromethane extracts of twelve US Southwestern herbal remedies were tested against Staphylococcus aureus (9-29 UA), Bacillus subtilis (2-27 UA), Klebsiella pneumoniae (3-9 UA), and Candida brassicae (IFO 1664) in an agar dilution-streak bioassay at 1000 μg/ml. All twelve plants inhibited the growth of B. subtilis. Anemopsis californica, Berberis fendleri, Cacalia decomposita, and Eriodictyon angustifolium inhibited the growth of at least two organisms. Salvia apiana was the only plant in this study to completely inhibit the growth of all four test organisms. After a literature search led to the elimination of A. californica, B. fendleri, and C. decomposita from further study due to reports of their bioactive compounds, Eriodictyon angustifolium Nutt. and Salvia apiana Jeps. were subjected to a detailed bioassay directed chemical investigation. Compounds were isolated by solvent extraction, fractionation and standard chromatographic techniques. They were identified by infrared, mass, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analyses, comparison with published spectra and comparison with authentic samples when available. Benzyl-trans-4-coumarate was isolated from E. angustifolium following high performance reverse phase liquid chromatography and subsequently synthesized through the condensation of p-coumaric acid and benzyl alcohol. Estimated at 2.9% of the dichloromethane extract, benzylcoumarate was active against S. aureus (100 μg/ml), B. subtilis (50 μg/ml), and C. albicans (25 μg/ml). Also isolated from E. angustifolium were five flavanones: 4',5,7-trihydroxy-flavanone (naringenin), 4',5-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-flavanone (sakuranetin), 3'-methoxy-4', 5',7-trihydroxy-flavanone (homoeriodictyol), 4',5-dihydroxy-3',7-dimethoxy-flavanone, and 5,7-dihydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxy-flavanone. The dichloromethane extract of S. apiana gave an acid fraction from which the abietane diterpenes carnosic acid and its 16-hydroxy derivative were isolated as their methyl ester acetates. Unstable as free carboxylic acids, these compounds retained activity after methylation but lost activity upon acetylation. Methylation without prior acetylation lead to the formation of 11-methoxy-methylcarnosate, 12-methoxy-methylcarnosate, 16-hydroxy-methylcarnosate, 16-hydroxy-11-methoxy-methylcarnosate, 16-hydroxy-12-methoxy-methylcarnosate, and 11,12-dimethoxy-16-hydroxy-methylcarnosate. At 500 μg/ml 12-methoxy-methylcarnosate was inactive while 16-hydroxy-12-methoxy-methylcarnosate was active against S. aureus, B. subtilis, and C. albicans at 250 μg/ml. From this result it was inferred that the introduction of a 16-hydroxy group increased the bioactivity of carnosic acid.
Multihyperspectral Microscopic Imaging for the Precise Identification of Pollen (2018)

We report a method for precisely identifying and locating the pollen of different species in a microscope based on multihyperspectral imaging. Since pollen species are complicated and difficult to identify by one feature, both fluorescence and transmission spectral images of the samples were obtained and used for the identification together with their morphologic features. Three different species of pollens were used as test samples for investigation. The results showed that the accuracy reached 99.5%, which was a significant improvement comparing with the single spectral detection. Because more information was taken into consideration, this method has great potential for the precise identification of biological specimens.
The physicality of art (2010)

Although we are comfortable with the concept of cross-curricular activities we still tend to view artistic pursuits as having creative goals only, overlooking their undoubted potential for physical development.
On removing redundancy in sequential circuits (1991)

-A procedure of removing redundancy in large sequential circuits is proposed. In this procedure, no global reset state is required and no state transition information is needed. A definition of sequential redundancy is first given. We show that if a fault is pdentidy undetectubfe (undetectable), it is sequentially redundant. An aigorithm of identifying p-undetectable faults is then described. For large circuits, we propose a practical procedure to identify a subset, tailed feedback-free sequential redundant faults of redundant faults. In this procedure, a minimal set of signais is selected and assumed fully controllable and observable to convert the given circuit into a feedback-free model. Redundancies in the feedback-free circuit model are then identified and removed. This procedure could also eliminate redundant flip-flops. Experimental results show that our method successful y minimizes the signal count by about 8.4%, in average, on six iarge MCNC benchmark sequential circuits with up to 20K gates and 1700 flip-flops.
Fiber Dispersion Influence on Transmission of the Optical Millimeter-Waves Generated Using LN-MZM Intensity Modulation (2007)

We have theoretically investigated the transmission performance of the optical millimeter-waves (mm-waves) generated using intensity modulation via a Mach-Zehnder modulator, with the double and single sidebands (DSB and SSB) and optical carrier suppression (OCS) schemes. According to our theoretical analysis, fiber chromatic dispersion leads to fading effect and time shifting of the codes; therefore, signals are greatly degraded. Of all signals, DSB optical mm-wave suffers from both the fading effect and the time shifting of the codes. However, the optical mm-waves generated by SSB and OCS schemes are immune to the fading effect, while the time shifting of the codes limits their transmission distance. Experimental and simulation results confirm the theoretical analysis.
Recent Advances in Substrate-Controlled Asymmetric Cyclization for Natural Product Synthesis (2017)

Asymmetric synthesis of naturally occurring diverse ring systems is an ongoing and challenging research topic. A large variety of remarkable reactions utilizing chiral substrates, auxiliaries, reagents, and catalysts have been intensively investigated. This review specifically describes recent advances in successful asymmetric cyclization reactions to generate cyclic architectures of various natural products in a substrate-controlled manner.
Parallel implementation of an adaptive generalized predictive control algorithm (1996)

The Adaptive Generalized Predictive Control (GPC) algorithm can be speeded up using parallel processing. Since the GPC algorithm needs to be fed with knowledge of the plant transfer function, the parallelization of a standard Recursive Least Squares (RLS) estimator and a GPC predictor is discussed here.
Antileukemic effect of homo-aza-steroidal ester of [p-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]acetic acid. (1977)

The homo-aza-steroidal ester of [p-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]acetic acid, 3beta-hydroxy-13alpha-amino-13,17-seco-5alpha-androstan-17-oic-13,17,-lactam p-bis(2-chloroethyl)aminophenylacetate (ASE), gives a greater than 50% increased lifespan over controls in the treatment of L1210 leukemia by the ip, sc, and oral routes of administration and a greater than 150% increased lifespan in the treatment of P388 leukemia by the ip route (the only route tested). Both a daily and a Day 1, 5, and 9 treatment schedule are essentially equally effective. In this study, ASE is compared to the parent compound phenesterin which is inactive in both of these tumor lines. To our knowledge ASE is the first steroidal alkylating agent to show activity in the L1210 leukemia.
The Puzzle of Nitrate Tolerance (2002)

N itroglycerin (GTN) and other organic nitrates are impor- tant drugs commonly used in cardiovascular medicine, and, more recently, in obstetrics as tocolytic agents. Despite their clinical importance in the therapy of ischemic heart disease and heart failure, many aspects of the pharmacology of organic nitrates, including the mechanism(s) of tolerance, remain unclear.
Nachtrag zum Köderfang im Schleissheimer und Dachauer Moor 1912 (1919)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Comparison of Virus Culture and Direct Immunofluorescent Staining of Cytocentrifuged Virus Transport Medium for Detection of Varicella-Zoster Virus in Skin Lesions (1998)

Direct immunofluorescent staining of centrifuged viral transport medium (CVTM) was compared with conventional cell culture for the detection of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in 87 dermal lesions from 84 patients. A total of 21 (24%) were positive for VZV; 8 (38%) of these were positive by culture and CVTM, 13 (62%) by CVTM alone, and none by culture only. Virus cultures were positive for VZV in an average of 9.1 days (range, 4-20 days). CVTM, using cytocentrifugation, is more sensitive and rapid than conventional cell culture for the detection of VZV in cutaneous specimens.
Supporting informal collections of digital images (2004)

Digital techniques are rapidly becoming popular for the recording of images, but current applications for handling image collections still lag behind the varied and fluent ways of interacting that traditional informal collections offer. In this paper we report a field study of how home users use traditional ways of storing and organizing their personal photo collections. We compare this to the possibilities and limitations of current tools for digital image collections. Findings indicate that the interfaces of current digital tools provide excellent support for solution-oriented indexing, but limited support for browsing and storytelling. Finally, an alternative interface is presented which combines real world interaction with the possibilities of new media for interacting with digital images.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Fungicidal Activity of Novel 1,5‐Diaryl‐1<i>H</i>‐Pyrazol‐3‐Oxy Derivatives Containing Oxyacetic Acid or Oxy(2‐thioxothiazolidin‐3‐yl)ethanone Moieties (2012)

A series of novel 1,5‐diaryl‐1 H ‐pyrazol‐3‐oxy derivatives containing oxyacetic acid or oxy(2‐thioxothiazolidin‐3‐yl)ethanone moieties were prepared from methyl 3‐arylacrylates via a serial of reactions included addition‐cyclization, oxidation, substitution, hydrolysis, and condensation. Their structures were confirmed by 1 H‐NMR, 13 C‐NMR, IR, and elemental analysis. In addition, the crystal structure of the compound 2‐(1,5‐diphenyl‐1 H ‐pyrazol‐3‐yloxy)‐1‐(2‐thioxothiazolidin‐3‐yl)ethanone was determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Bioassay results indicated that the compound 2‐(5‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐1‐phenyl‐1 H ‐pyrazol‐3‐yloxy)‐1‐(2‐thioxo‐thiazolidin‐3‐yl)ethanone exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against Gibberella zeae at the dosage of 10 μg mL −1 .