gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discharge photoelectrocatalytic system for the degradation of aromatics (2003)

We have introduced the discharge photoelectrocatalytic system, in which TiO 2 thin film coating on aluminum plate is subjected simultaneously to both UV irradiation and high voltages in excess of 3000 volts. Due to high voltages O 3 is generated; however, efficient removal of O 3 is observed in this photoelectrocatalytic system. In terms of the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the discharge photoelectrocatalytic system has been applied to the removal of aromatic compounds such as benzene and toluene. Based on the experimental data, the rates of the removal of these compounds in this system are higher compared to either the discharge—only system (without the photocatalyst) or the photocatalyst—only system (without high voltage discharge), and the higher rates of degradation of these compounds in the photoelectrocatalytic system are attributed to the reduced rate of electron‐hole recombination in TiO 2 .
<title>Coherent and noncoherent light transport in living tissues impregnated by endogenous or exogenous fluids and gels</title> (1998)

Results on the human sclera and skin optical properties controlled by employing administration of various chemical agents are presented. CW transmittance and reflectance measurements as well as intensity correlation experiments were used for tissue structural and optical properties monitoring. As chemical applicators--controllers osmotically active solutions, such as trazograph, glucose, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, as well as aprotonic solutions like dimethyl sulphoxide were used. The characteristic time response of the human sclera optical clearing lying in the range 3 - 10 min was defined. The diffusion coefficients describing the samples of the human sclera permeability to various solutes were experimentally estimated. Presented results are general and can be applicable for description of many other fibrous tissues.
Molecular Cloning of Phogrin, a Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase Homologue Localized to Insulin Secretory Granule Membranes (1996)

An insulin granule membrane protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) homologue, phogrin, was cloned by expression screening of a rat insulinoma cDNA library. The 3723-base pair cDNA encoded a transmembrane glycoprotein of 1004 amino acids (Mr 111876) that underwent post-translational proteolysis to 60-64-kDa products after a 30-min delay. The kinetics of proteolytic conversion (t1/2 = 45 min) and turnover (t1/2 = 12 h) were consistent with sorting and conversion in a late compartment of the secretory pathway. Studies on the native beta-cell protein suggested that the COOH-terminal PTP domain was on the cytosolic face of the secretory granule. The lumenal segment was comprised of a protease-resistant globular domain of around 25 kDa. Its localization and topology is thus consistent with a transmembrane receptor function related to granule biogenesis, exocytosis, or subsequent membrane recovery, and it should prove to be a useful cell biological marker for the granule membrane. High expression of the mRNA (5.4 kilobases) and protein was evident in islets, pancreatic alpha- and beta-cell tumor lines, brain cells, and other cells of neuroendocrine lineage. It is closely related to the diabetic autoantigen ICA512 (IA-2) (42% identity overall; 80% in the 260-amino acid PTP domain) and thus a potential target of autoimmunity in diabetes mellitus.
QUANTITATIVE MICROFLUORIMETRIC STUDIES ON FORMALDEHYDE-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE OF 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE IN THE PINEAL GLAND OF THE RAT (1974)

The formaldehyde-induced fluorescence (FIF) of pineal sections of the rat was measured quantitatively under instrumental conditions causing minimal photodecomposition. Fluorescence measurements on different sections of one pineal gland showed only little variation. Also the difference between animal variation was small, which enabled us to use groups of five to six animals for appropriate determinations. The similarity in emission spectra obtained from the pineal gland and a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-containing protein model and the results of pharmacologic specificity tests indicated that pineal FIF is derived from 5-HT. Pineal 5-HT seemed to be stored in two compartments: the pinealocytes and the sympathetic nerve fibers. Reserpine, a drug depleting the neuronal 5-HT pool selectively, induced about 30% decrease in chemically detectable 5-HT content, indicating that 30% of total pineal 5-HT content was stored in the nerve fibers, and 70% was stored in the pinealocytes. FIF was not affected by reserpine, suggesting that FIF measurements were largely independent of the neuronal 5-HT store. The relationship between pineal FIF and chemically detectable 5-HT content was investigated in groups of rats treated with drugs increasing or decreasing pineal 5-HT content. From each group, five pineal glands were prepared for microfluorimetrical studies; the remaining pineal glands were used for chemical determinations of 5-HT and protein content. The linearity of this relationship demonstrated that concentration-dependent quenching did not occur in the fluorescence measured. Therefore it was concluded that FIF might be used as a quantitative parameter for 5-HT stored in the pinealocytes.
Introduction to Fuel Cells (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Preliminary Remarks Fuel Cells as Electrochemical Engines Generic Fuel Cell and Stack Classification of Fuel Cells Potential Fuel Cell Applications and Markets History of Fuel Cell Development Summary
Durable clinical responses in patients with metastatic melanoma vaccinated with dendritic cells loaded with killed allogeneic melanoma cells (2006)

2576 Background: We demonstrated that DCs loaded with killed allogeneic tumors can cross-prime tumor-specific naïve CD8+T cells in vitro. Clinically this approach would overcome HLA restriction inherent to peptide vaccines and allow diversification of immune responses including priming of many clones of CD8 + and CD4 + T cells. Methods: Twenty (20) patients with metastatic melanoma were vaccinated with autologous monocyte-derived DCs loaded with killed allogeneic Colo829 melanoma cell line. A total of 8 vaccines were administered at monthly intervals. DCs were generated from monocytes by culturing with GM-CSF and IL-4 and activated by additional culture with TNFα and CD40 ligand. KLH was used as a control antigen. The first patient was accrued December, 2002 and the last November, 2003. Results: DC vaccinations induced durable objective clinical responses in two patients who had progressive metastatic disease after previous cytotoxic chemotherapy. One patient experienced a CR and one patient a PR both remissions have lasted ≥ 20 months. Fourteen patients were alive at 12 months and 9 patients are alive at the end of 2005. The estimated median overall survival is 22 months with a range of 2–31 months. DC vaccination led to elicitation of CD8 + T cell immunity specific to MART-1 tissue differentiation antigen, suggesting that cross-priming/presentation of melanoma antigens by the DC vaccines had occurred in vivo. Vaccinations were safe and tolerable. There were no significant adverse events. Conclusions: The present results justify the design of larger follow-up studies to assess the immunological and clinical response to DC vaccines in patients with metastatic melanoma and other malignant diseases. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Finding composite order ordinary elliptic curves using the Cocks-Pinch method. (2009)

We apply the Cocks-Pinch method to obtain pairing-friendly composite order groups with prescribed embedding degree associated to ordinary elliptic curves, and we show that new security issues arise in the composite order setting.
Effect of Helium Gas at Elevated Pressure on Iron Transport and Growth of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1974)

Helium at an ambient pressure of 68 at m with 0.2 atm of O(2) shortened by 1 to 1.5 h the lag phase for growth of Escherichia coli in minimal medium supplemented with 2 muliters of cell-free culture filtrate (CFF) per ml or with 1 muM 2,3-dihydroxybenzoylserine (DHBS), an iron chelator. The lag phase of cultures not exposed to helium could be shortened by use of supplements, but higher concentrations were required-10 to 30 muliters of CFF per ml or 10 to 50 muM DHBS. Strain AN 193 of E. coli, which requires the DHBS precursor 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA), grew well in media with 10 muM DHBA when exposed to helium at 68 atm, whereas 100 muM DHBA was required for growth in unexposed cultures. In the presence of 100 muM DHBA plus 1.0 muM ethylenediaminetetraactic acid, growth was inhibited at 1 and 68 atm. Growth was restored, however, by the addition of 0.1 muM FeSO(4) at 68 atm and 1.0 muM FeSO(4) at 1 atm, but lag times were invariably shorter in the pressurized cultures. Hydrostatic pressures of 68 atm did not reduce the lag phase in the presence of CFF, DHBS, or DHBA. Our results suggest that 68 atm of helium pressure, but not hydrostatic pressure, elicited a more rapid transport of iron into the cells.
Visual Mining and Spatio-Temporal Querying in Molecular Dynamics (2005)

Continuously increasing power of computers makes it possible to model dynamic behaviour of the systems studied by experimental nanoscience (e.g., single-molecule mechanics, electron and atomic force microscopy) with explicit all-atom presentation by applying various molecular dynamics approximations. Computer simulation in molecular dynamics usually results in gigabytes of timedependent data. On the other hand, computational and querying tools could help to analyze such information. We propose a novel geometric querying method for data analysis in molecular dynamics. This method is based on a novel geometric model for querying of spatio-temporal data. In our model, data from database or file are interpreted geometrically as multidimensional points with time dimension. A geometric query is a query solid of any shape specified by its parameters, location and time. These queries are formulated with geometric objects and operations over them to form the query solid changing over time. The geometric objects and operations are described with implicit functions. We propose spatio-temporal queries for data analysis in molecular dynamics that allow formulation of new hypotheses of nanoscale structures and interactions between molecules. The geometric queries in our model can be considered as motion classifiers. The resulting datasets are coordinates of molecules and atoms inside the particular shape changing over time. With the uniform geometric model we integrate visual mining and querying of time-dependent data employing 3D visualization tools. This query system should be useful in detailed studies on structure and movement of large molecule complexes of interest in various nanotechnology applications.
Studies on Antibacterial Factors in Mammalian Tissues and Fluids IV. Demonstration of Two Nondialyzable Components in the Serum Bactericidin System for Bacillus Subtilis (1960)

Summary The bactericidal system for B. subtilis occurring in rabbit and human sera has been characterized further by demonstrating that two nondialyzable components participate in this system. Component I from rabbit has been purified approximately 90-fold. Component I from rabbit will form a full bactericidal system with component II from human serum. Component II activity was demonstrated in guinea pig, sheep and dog sera. Lysozyme has been excluded as a participant in this system.
Paper # 48: Radiographic Predictors of Femoroacetabular Impingement (2011)

Although we found a few radiographic findings of FAI unique to symptomatic hips, none was a single strong predictor of symptoms.
Biopharmaceutical study of inclusion complexes. I. Pharmaceutical advantages of cyclodextrin complexes of bencyclane fumarate. (1983)

Complexes of bencyclane fumarate (Ben) with cyclodextrins (CDs) were newly prepared and their characteristics were studied from a pharmaceutical viewpoint. The results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffractometry and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) were consistent with the formation of inclusion complexes. Water solubility of Ben-CDs were 2- to 8-fold lager than that of Ben. The stability of Ben in acidic media (pH 1.2) was considerably improved by complex formation with β-CD or γ-CD. Apparent first-order rate constants [h-1] of hydrolysis of Ben were 6.5×10-2, 5.5×10-2, 1.0×10-2 and 1.7×10-2 for Ben, Ben-α-CD, Ben-β-CD and Ben-γ-CD, respectively. The intrinsic bitter taste of Ben was significantly reduced by inclusion complexation with CDs. Thus, there are clear pharmaceutical advantages of Ben-CD compared with Ben. In addition, a novel animal test method, which is helpful for studying astringent bitter-tasting drugs, is proposed.
TRUCK ESCAPE RAMP DESIGN METHODOLOGY: LITERATURE REVIEW. PHASE 1 REPORT (1983)

Runaway heavy vehicles on long, steep down grades, if not properly stopped, can cause loss of life and huge amounts of property damage. This report is a summary of a literature review of truck escape ramp design, particularly the arrester bed filled with gravel. The review encompassed four aspects: current design methodology, field and laboratory tests, performance history, and initial cost and maintenance. Recommendations and conclusions are given, and an annotated bibliography is appended. (TRRL)
Proof of the disentanglement lemma (2005)

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Effect of surface roughness, porosity, and a resorbable calcium phosphate coating on osseointegration of titanium in a minipig model (2008)

The aim of this study was to compare the osseointegration of four different implant surfaces in the Göttingen minipig femur model. They were prepared by glasspearlblasting (A), sandblasting (B) and titaniumplasma spraying (C and D). Surface D received additionally an electrochemically deposited layer of a resorbable calcium phosphate (CaP) layer, made mainly of brushite. Sample size was n = 20 per group. Implants were placed in the intertrochanteric and intercondylar sites of both femora. After 12 weeks, implant anchorage was measured by the pull-out test and histomorphometry measurements were carried out at the bone-implant interface. Implant anchorage was 0.7 +/- 0.3 MPa for surface A, 3.2 +/- 0.6 MPa for surface B, 6.5 +/- 1.5 MPa for surface C and 7.3 +/- 1.9 MPa for surface D. The differences between surfaces were statistically significant, with exception of C and D. The stiffness of the bone-implant interface showed no statistically significant difference between surfaces. After pull-out, surface A and B showed nearly no bone spots, while on surfaces C and D bone remains were found. Bone-implant contact was 1.9 +/- 1.1% for surface A, 10.5 +/- 3.6% for surface B, 22.4 +/- 4.5% for surface C and 48.8 +/- 4.5% for surface D. The differences were statistically significant. Implant location, intertrochanteric and intercondylar, did not affect the data. In this minipig model, rougher surfaces showed better osseointegration. After 12 weeks of healing, the resorbable CaP layer enhanced significantly the bone-implant contact but not the level of anchorage. The findings also suggest that the pull-out test should be critically evaluated to determine the shear strength between bone and porous surfaces.
Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric Simultaneous Determination of Iron, Lead, and Bismuth by Perchloric Acid (1958)

The ultraviolet spectrophotometric determination of iron, lead, and bismuth was studied.In the perchloric acid medium these metals exist as hydrated aquo ion.The absorption spectra were obtained with maximum at 208 mit, (Pb), 222 in (Bi), and 240 in (Fe), respectively.The calibration curve was made for each element at the above wave lengths using the perchloric acid as reagent.For the mixed sample solutions of iron, lead, and bismuth in various concentrations, the simultaneous determination was made by measuring the absorbancies at three wave lengths.The mean errors for the determination were 0.6 ;6 for iron, 4.5 % for lead, and 2.2 ,/ for bismuth, respectively, in the range of 2.5-12.5 p.p.m. in various concentrations.The proposed method of determination of these elements is simple in procedure and has a high sensitivity comparable to that of other common spectrophotometric or colorimetric method.
Moving ship tomography from the Basin Acoustic Seamount Scattering Experiment (BASSEX-04) (2006)

During the Basin Acoustic Seamount Scattering EXperiment (BASSEX-2004) a set of 32 acoustic transmissions of four moored sources in the central Pacific were made. Broadband transmissions (100 Hz bandwidth, 250 Hz center frequency, 12.276 s period length) from two sources suspended (800 m depth) were received on a towed array (350 m depth, 200 m aperture) as it passed between the two sources at a range of 250 km. This data set provides the opportunity for examining the feasibility of underway moving ship tomography (MST). The primary oceanographic feature is the variability of the mixed layer over a 500×500-km2 region. Accurate ocean acoustic tomography requires the development of an N×2D inversion scheme as well as techniques to perform array element localization to within 10 m. Results on applying a Kalman-filter-based technique to the array sensor data (depth, pitch, roll) and the measured ADCP will be presented. With the receiving ship transecting the path between the two source moorings, each transmission has two paths that pass through different bodies of water.
Computer simulation of glenohumeral and patellofemoral subluxation. Estimating pathological articular contact. (1994)

Analytic stereophotogrammetry and an interactive computer graphics program were used to obtain first order assessments of joint contact patterns in patellofemoral and glenohumeral joints, simulating normal and abnormal articulations. Precise (90 microns accuracy) computer graphic representations of the humeral head, glenoid, patella, and femoral articular surfaces were obtained from cadaver knees and shoulders. These surface representations were then manipulated into an articulated position, and joint contact areas computed by a proximity criterion. Pathologic states were then simulated, and contact recomputed. Simulated glenohumeral subluxations dramatically reduced contact area, and focused it eccentrically on the glenoid rim. Simulated size mismatch of humeral heads to glenoids reduced contact area, producing a pattern of peripheral contact on the glenoid if the humeral head had a larger radius of curvature, and central contact on the glenoid if the humeral head had a smaller radius of curvature. At 30 degrees knee flexion, the patellofemoral joint demonstrated a broad distribution of contact along the distal aspect of the patella and proximal aspect of the trochlea. Simulated lateral tilt (5 degrees) and translation (5 mm) of the patella resulted in shift of the predominant contact area laterally, along with a drastic decrease in the contact area. These results have implications for prosthetic sizing and biomechanical modeling of the glenohumeral and patellofemoral joints, and in selecting models for more rigorous empiric studies of joint contact. Furthermore, this technique allows a first order assessment of the effects of specific surgical reconstructions on articular mechanics.
Nickel sensitization and ear piercing in an unselected Danish population (1993)

The study aimed at evaluating nickel sensitization and ear piercing in an unselected population. A questionnaire and ready-to-apply patch tests (TRUE-Test) were mailed to 793 subjects, aged 15 to 69 years. A total of 567 (71.5% out of the 793) were patch tested. The tests were read 2 days after application. Nickel sensitization was diagnosed in 11.1% of the females and in 2.2% of the males. Independent of sex, old age was associated with a lower risk of nickel sensitization (p < 0.01). The risk of nickel sensitization was independent of a history of flexural eczema (p > 0.5). Ear piercing was more common in the young than in the older age groups, ranging from 30.5% to 0.0% in men, and from 91.5% to 42.9% in women. Sensitization to nickel was found in 14.8% of those with pierced ears as compared to 1.8% among those without pierced ears. When adjusted for the effects of sex and age, the risk of nickel sensitization among those with pierced ears remained significantly increased and the odds ratio value was 4.5; the 95% confidence interval of the odds ratio value was 1.5 to 13.0. The study confirmed that nickel sensitization in the general population is common, particularly among women. Ear piercing is probably an important risk factor for nickel sensitization.
Computers in medicine and health care (2019)

As with the chapter on learning, we begin our discussion of health applications by examining influential early visions of the possible role of computers in improving health care and medicine. We then look at the great variety of roles played by current digital technologies in this field. We first consider the online availability of health information. There are two possible sources: one from respected centres of expertise, the other from consumers of medical care, that is, patients, who in working together form what may be viewed as communities of care. There is strong evidence that people are using these online medical resources to become more intelligent guardians of their own health and to support themselves when seeking help from physicians. Next, we examine the care improvements promised by personal health and electronic medical records. Progress here has been disappointingly slow; we shall discuss the mix of technical, cultural, administrative, interpersonal, and financial reasons for the sluggishness in development and deployment. Two particularly interesting cases of medical information are data dealing with adverse drug reactions and interactions, commonly known as adverse drug events (ADEs), and the use of big data and social media in epidemic surveillance and control, by which we are becoming better equipped to indicate, predict, and track outbreaks of disease. Computers have made a huge impact on medical education through the development of human body simulators. There also continue to be more and more advanced uses of technology embedded within the human body, either to augment the functioning of organs or to replace body parts that no longer work, which could possibly result in bionic people or androids in the future. We shall present some examples indicating the pace at which these technologies are developing. Recent advances in understanding the human genome have enabled a new form of medicine called precision medicine. The goal is to use genetic screening of patients to enable more specific treatments than were hitherto possible. Precision medicine also enables what some call designer babies. We shall introduce policy and ethical issues raised by this concept.
Classification of neuroendocrine tumours. (1999)

This article focuses on the classification of neuroendocine tumours with particular emphasis on pancreatic and gastrointestinal neoplasms.
Some Computational Techniques and Theorems Concerning Mutual Deterrence Relationships (1971)

In a previous paper [1], an analysis of static and dynamic considerations for achieving multilateral deterrence postures among nations was presented in summary form. This paper presents the computational techniques and theoretical results which were not included in the prior paper. In order to keep this paper relatively brief we shall use the notation in [1] and presume familiarity with its contents. To maintain coherence of this paper the reader must use [1] as a guide. In particular, the paper will discuss analytical and computational results for the n-country static case, the boundedness conditions for the dynamic 2-party case, and the optimization problems which arise with the introduction of unambiguous and ambiguous ABM capabilities. In addition, reliability and statistical confidence questions will be examined.