gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geometrical Defect Detection in the Wire Electrical Discharge Machining of Fir-Tree Slots Using Deep Learning Techniques (2018)

Traceability is a critical issue in the manufacturing of aerospace components. However, extracting understandable information from huge amounts of data from manufacturing processes may become a very difficult task. In this paper, a novel proposal for geometrical defect detection in the manufacturing of fir-tree slots for disk turbines using wire electrical discharge machining is presented. Useful data about the wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) process are collected every 5 ms and each single discharge is classified as a function of ignition delay time. Information from this large amount of data is extracted by using a deep neural network, which includes two hidden dense layers, each with 64 units and Relu activation, and it ends with a single unit with no activation. The average of the per-epoch absolute error (MAE) scores has been used to decide the optimum training situation for the deep learning network. Validation of the method has been carried out by machining a high-precision fir-tree slot for a disk turbine under industrial conditions. Results show that even though a strict tolerance band of ±5 µm has been applied, as many as 80% of the predictions from the network match the results of the conventional measuring method (coordinate measuring machine).
Intrathecally administered baclofen for treatment of children with spasticity of cerebral origin (1997)

Management of severe spasticity in children is often a difficult problem. Orally administered medications generally offer limited benefits. This study examines the value of intrathecally administered baclofen in the treatment of 19 children with severe spasticity of cerebral origin: eight of whom sustained brain injury associated with trauma, near drowning, or cardiac arrest; 10 with cerebral palsy (spastic quadriplegia); and one child with Leigh's disease. At the time of entry into the study, patients ranged from 4 to 19 years of age, and all were completely dependent on caretakers for activities of daily living. Children who responded positively to a trial dose of intrathecal baclofen underwent insertion of a drug delivery system for continuous infusion. This was followed by a double-blind trial of baclofen or placebo and follow-up review at 3 and 6 months, and yearly thereafter. Seven children did not undergo pump implantation because of excess sedation or poor response. The 12 remaining children have been followed for a period of 1 to 5 years. Favorable responses were present in all 12 children as determined by the Ashworth Scale, with the greatest benefit being reduction of lower limb tone. Except in the case of one child who had reduction in lower limb tone that resulted in difficulty with transfers, the caretakers all reported significant benefits from intrathecal baclofen, with improvement in muscle tone, behavior, sitting, and general ease of care being most commonly noted. Central side effects were seen in some children who received continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion and included hypotension (two patients), bradycardia (two), apnea or respiratory depression (two), and sedation (one). During a total of 568 months of pump operation there were 10 mechanical complications, including two related to pump or side port failure and eight related to catheter kinks, extrusions, or dislodgment. Pump pocket effusion occurred in five children and a cerebrospinal fluid fistula was seen in one child. Local infection occurred in three children and meningitis in two children. The results demonstrate the potential value of continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion for treatment of severe spasticity of cerebral origin. However, this treatment can result in significant complications and more experience is required before the long-term benefits can be determined.
Security issues with TCP/IP (1995)

An introduction to network security , basic definitions and aa brief discussion of the architecture of TCP/IP as well as the Open System Intercornnection(OSI) Reference Model open the paper. The relationship between TCP/IP and of some OSI layers is described. An indepth look is provided to the major protocols in TCP/IP suite and the security features and problems in this suite of protocols. The secutiy problems are discussed in the context ofthe protocol services.
Toward next generation coaching tools for court based racquet sports (2012)

Even with today’s advances in automatic indexing of multimedia content, existing coaching tools for court sports lack the ability to automatically index a competitive match into key events. This paper proposes an automatic event indexing and event retrieval system\nfor tennis, which can be used to coach from beginners upwards.\nEvent indexing is possible using either visual or inertial sensing, with the latter potentially providing system portability. To achieve maximum performance in event indexing, multi-sensor data integration is implemented, where data from both sensors is merged to automatically index key tennis events. A complete event retrieval\nsystem is also presented to allow coaches to build advanced queries which existing sports coaching solutions cannot facilitate without an inordinate amount of manual indexing.
Amino Acid Residue Mutations Uncouple Cooperative Effects inEscherichia coli d-3-Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase (2001)

d-3-Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli contains two Gly-Gly sequences that occur at junctions between domains. A previous study (Grant, G. A., Xu, X. L., and Hu, Z. (2000) Biochemistry 39, 7316-7319) determined that the Gly-Gly sequence at the junction between the regulatory and substrate binding domain functions as a hinge between the domains. Mutations in this area significantly decrease the ability of serine to inhibit activity but have little effect on the K(m) and k(cat). Conversely, the present study shows that mutations to the Gly-Gly sequence at the junction of the substrate and nucleotide binding domains, which form the active site cleft, have a significant effect on the k(cat) of the enzyme without substantially altering the enzyme's sensitivity to serine. In addition, mutation of Gly-294, but not Gly-295, has a profound effect on the cooperativity of serine inhibition. Interestingly, even though cooperativity of inhibition can be reduced significantly, there is little apparent effect on the cooperativity of serine binding itself. An additional mutant, G336V,G337V, also reduces the cooperativity of inhibition, but in this case serine binding also is reduced to the point at which it cannot be measured by equilibrium dialysis. The double mutant G294V,G336V demonstrates that strain imposed by mutation at one hinge can be relieved partially by mutation at the other hinge, demonstrating linkage between the two hinge regions. These data show that the two cooperative processes, serine binding and catalytic inhibition, can be uncoupled. Consideration of the allowable torsional angles for the side chains introduced by the mutations yields a range of values for these angles that the glycine residues likely occupy in the native enzyme. A comparison of these values with the torsional angles found for the inhibited enzyme from crystal coordinates provides potential beginning and ending orientations for the transition from active to inhibited enzyme, which will allow modeling of the dynamics of domain movement.
Adverse effects of therapy for the correction of anemia in hemodialysis patients. (1989)

The traditional options available for the correction of hemodialysis-related anemia are blood transfusions and androgen therapy to stimulate erythropoiesis. A new therapeutic option, recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO; EPOGEN, AMGEN Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA), is currently undergoing clinical trials. Each treatment alternative has certain attendant adverse effects. The adverse effects of transfusion include transmission of infections such as hepatitis or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, iron overload, and sensitization to histocompatibility antigens. Androgen therapy can cause masculinization of women and children and, in some forms, is associated with a high incidence of abnormal liver function. Treatment with r-HuEPO has some potential adverse effects, including hypertension, thrombosis of arteriovenous fistulae, prolonged duration of dialysis, hyperkalemia, and iron deficiency. Gradual and careful introduction of r-HuEPO should prevent hypertension from becoming problematic.
An Approach to Hybrid Clustering and Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks (2005)

Wireless sensor networks have been widely studied and usefully employed in many applications such as medical monitoring, automotive safety and space applications. Typically, sensor nodes have several limitations such as limited battery life, low computational capability, short radio transmission range and small memory space. However, the most severe constraint of the nodes is their limited energy resource because they cease to function when their battery has been depleted. To reduce energy usage in wireless sensor networks, many cluster-based routings have been proposed. Among those proposed, LEACH (low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy) is a well-known cluster-based sensor network architecture which aims to distribute energy consumption evenly to every node in a given network. This clustering technique requires a predefined number of clusters and has been developed with an assumption that the sensor nodes are uniformly distributed through out the network. In this paper, we propose a hybrid clustering and routing architecture for wireless sensor networks. There are three main parts in our proposed architecture which are a modified subtractive clustering technique, an energy-aware cluster head selection method and a cost-based routing algorithm. These are all centralized techniques and are expected to be executed at the base station
Testing of latch based embedded arrays using scan tests (2010)

Latch based arrays are commonly used as small embedded memories. There are often a large number of such memories in a design. Due to the large area overhead of memory BISTs, scan is often used to test such memories. In this paper we show that with a minor modification of a marching sequence targeting only the transition delay faults at the latch boundaries, a comprehensive set of faults can be detected. The comprehensive fault set includes all stuck-at, stuck-open and bridging faults inside a cell of the array as well as all inter-cell bridging faults. This test set also includes a retention test for such memories.
Influence of Swirl and Tumble on Economy and Emissions of Multi Valve SI Engines (1992)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The future challenges for spark ignition (SI) engines to drastically reduce the exhaust emissions and fuel consumption while still maintaining high specific power output will be addressed. In order to further improve stoichiometric engine concepts with three-way-catalyst, reduced cold start and warm-up fuel enrichment as well as a higher EGR tolerance gain fundamental importance. Both objectives will be met if the combustion system of the engine features a high lean burn capability.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Due to less freedom of multi-valve engines in combustion chamber shapes, resulting in minor squish effects, the intake generated charge motion plays the dominant role to assure an efficient combustion of even highly diluted mixtures. Basing on results of experimental combustion and flow test bench studies, the performance of swirl and tumble intake systems for multi-valve SI engines will be compared and evaluated. Special attention will be paid on the tumble formation process and measurement of the tumble intensities. A newly designed stationary tumble measurement method for development purposes will be demonstrated which enables to determine the tumble intensities.</div>
The origin of the Verden sandstone of Oklahoma (1949)

ABSTRACT The Verden sandstone is an elongate formation that outcrops in a series of buttes and ridges from about 10 miles east of Marlow, Oklahoma, northwest for about 70 miles. It has a thickness of 10 feet and an average width of 1,000 feet. Its beds, which vary from a few inches to two feet in thickness, are extensively and persistently cross-bedded toward the northwest. These beds are separated in many places by thin, horizontally laminated sandy shale, that contains both wave· formed and giant ripple marks having their longitudinal axes approximately parallel with the trend of the formation. The sediments become progressively finer to the northwest and marine fossils, that show only a small amount of wear from transportation, are common. Of the several theories that have been suggested to explain the Verden, the one advocated by Bass (1939), that it was laid down as a series of spits and bars, has been most widely accepted. However, in the light of our present knowledge of the nature and internal structure of elongated physiographic formations, it seems that the peculiarities of the Verden sandstone are better explained as caused by salinity or tidal currents flowing through a strait or pass.
Formulation and Compaction of Nonfracturing Deformable Coated Beads (1996)

There has been considerable interest in making tablets from spheronized bead rather than through encapsulation. It is obvious that the forces present during compaction may break a coating intended to control drug release. This effect may be moderated by cushioning agents incorporated into the bead formulation or situation between the beads. Our work describes the latter method.
The action of cellulolytic enzymes from <i>Myrothecium verrucaria</i> (1961)

Although an extensive literature is available describing cell-free cellulolytic preparations which attack soluble cellulose derivatives, there is a dearth of information on the enzymic breakdown of insoluble cellulose, and virtually nothing is known about the breakdown of undegraded cellulose of the type associated with native cotton fibres [For reviews see Siu (1951), Halliwell (1959)]. Despite the failure of cell-free preparations made from them to attack undegraded cellulose, truly cellulolytic organisms can quantitatively transform all types of cellulose, undegraded or otherwise, to soluble products.
CONFIDENCE INTERVALS FOR SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO OF A POISSON DISTRIBUTION (2012)

The Poisson distribution is one of the most useful probability distributions to fit rare event data. Confidence interval for the SNR is an important issue among the researchers in image processing. This study considers several confidence intervals for the SNR of a Poisson distribution. Different confidence intervals available in literature are reviewed and compared based on the coverage probability and average width of the intervals. Since a theoretical comparison is not possible, a simulation study has been conducted to compare the performance of the interval estimators. Based on the simulation study we observed that most of our proposed interval estimators are performing well in the sense of attaining nominal size and they have been recommended for the researchers. Most of the proposed intervals except methods Wald, Waldz and bootstrap are performing well in the sense of attaining nominal size. The exact method performed the best followed by VSS, Wald B and Bayes in the sense of attaining nominal size and shorter width when the SNR is large.
Different faces of <scp>N</scp>ocardia infection in renal transplant recipients (2015)

Plasmaphoeresis may be risk factor for Nocardia infection and need further study. Nocardia infection may coexist with other opportunistic infections. Identification of the Nocardia species and drug susceptibility testing is essential in guiding the effective management of patients with Nocardia. Intermittent TMP-SMX (one double strength tablet, twice a week) appears insufficient to prevent Nocardia infection in renal transplant recipients.
Health skills: the power to choose (1986)

IN the current debate about health education and health promotion, it is difficult to see where school health education fits. Whether the route to health is through social engineering, political activism, razzmatazz, community activism or individual responsibility, it seems clear, since it is mentioned so frequently in the literature, that self-empowerment is central to all. But what is self-empowerment, a phrase which is widely used although often misun derstood ? And how, in practice, can it be developed in secondary schools? This article describes five cri teria for self-empowered behaviour and relates them to the experience gained during the project Lifeskills and health education in the secondary school.
Localization of the Developmental Timing Regulator Lin28 to mRNP Complexes, P-bodies and Stress Granules (2007)

Lin28 is a conserved cytoplasmic protein with an unusual pairing of RNA-binding motifs: a cold shock domain and a pair of retroviral-type CCHC zinc fingers. In the nematode C. elegans, it is a regulator of developmental timing. In mammals, it is abundant in diverse types of undifferentiated cells. However, its molecular function is unknown. In pluripotent mammalian cells, Lin28 is observed in RNase-sensitive complexes with poly(A)-binding protein, and in polysomal fractions of sucrose gradients, suggesting it is associated with translating mRNAs. Upon cellular stress, Lin28 locates to stress granules, which contain non-translating mRNA complexes. However, Lin28 also localizes to cytoplasmic processing bodies, or P-bodies, sites of mRNA degradation and microRNA regulation, consistent with it acting to regulate mRNA translation or stability. Mutational analysis shows that Lin28's conserved RNA binding domains cooperate to put Lin28 in mRNPs, but that only the CCHC domain is required for localization to P-bodies. When both RNA-binding domains are mutated, Lin28 accumulates in the nucleus, suggesting that it normally shuttles from nucleus to cytoplasm bound to RNA. These studies are consistent with a model in which Lin28 binds mRNAs in the nucleus and accompanies them to ribosomes and P-bodies. We propose that Lin28 influences the translation or stability of specific mRNAs during differentiation.
Omnidirectional reflection from Šolc-type anisotropic periodic dielectric structures (2000)

Recently it was shown theoretically [Opt. Commun. 174, 43 (2000)] that a Solc folded-type anisotropic dielectric structure under certain conditions exhibits omnidirectional reflection at any polarization over a wide spectral range. Here, omnidirectional reflection from Solc folded-type dielectric periodic structures is further analyzed. Transfer-matrix methodology is applied. Simple expressions are obtained for transfer matrices at interfaces and the unit cell translation matrix. Dispersion relations are determined. Numerical examples are shown comparatively for isotropic and Solc-type anisotropic periodic structures. The Solc-type structure has a wider band of omnidirectional reflection. The results demonstrate that anisotropic materials should be useful in photonic bandgap structures.
Model reduction by subsystem balancing: application to the Space Station (2005)

Assembly of the international Space Station will require many construction flights. For each of these, plume impingement from the braking maneuvers of the vehicle delivering the next component will excite flexible motion in the partially-constructed station. In order to be able to analyze this efficiently, it is highly desirable to have reliable model reduction techniques for flexible structures such as these, which have many lightly-damped, closely-spaced modes. That is the subject of this paper.
Approximation Methods for Gaussian Process Regression (2007)

A wealth of computationally efficient approximation methods for Gaussian process regression have been recently proposed.We give a unifying overview of sparse approximations, following Quiñonero-Candela and Rasmussen (2005), and a brief review of approximate matrix-vector multiplication methods.
Reduction of variation in T‐cell subset enumeration among 55 laboratories using single‐platform, three or four‐color flow cytometry based on CD45 and SSC‐based gating of lymphocytes (2002)

The state-of-the-art technology for T-cell subset enumeration was implemented successfully among 55 Belgian-Dutch laboratories and resulted in significant reductions of between-site variation of absolute CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T-cell counts.
Extraction of Polyphenols from Vine Shoots of <i>Vitis vinifera</i> by Superheated Ethanol−Water Mixtures (2006)

A study of the nonvolatile fraction of extracts from vine shoots obtained by superheated ethanol-water mixtures is presented. The influence of the temperature, extraction time, and percentage of ethanol on extraction was investigated by a multivariate experimental design to maximize the yield of total phenolic compounds, measured by using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The best values found for these variables were 80% (v/v) ethanol, 240 degrees C, and 60 min. Under these conditions, the effect of pH was also investigated, and a strong improvement of yield was observed by decreasing the pH. The extracts were subject to liquid-liquid extraction with n-hexane. The remaining polar phase was dried in a rotary evaporator and then reconstituted in 10 mL of water. The insoluble residue was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol. Both fractions (aqueous and methanolic) were analyzed by HPLC, and the differences in composition according to the extraction conditions were studied. Compounds usually present in commercial wood extracts were identified (mainly benzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids and aldehydes); the most abundant were quantified, and the stability of the identified phenolic families under different extraction conditions was also investigated. Finally, the superiority of the superheated liquid extraction over conventional solid-liquid extraction was demonstrated.
Estimation of the thickness of graphite nanofilm on a silicon substrate by using energy dispersive X-ray analysis data (2016)

Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy is applied to analyze composition and thickness of graphite nanofilm on a substrate. We estimate the thickness of graphite nanofilm on a silicon substrate using a simple equation proposed in this work. The equation is based on data of the energy-dispersive microanalysis and not contains fitting parameters. The condition of applicability of the formula is a low value of the electron acceleration voltage at which the depth of electron beam penetration not exceeds a silicon oxide layer thickness. The number of graphite nanofilm layers estimated from the calculated thickness is reasonably confirmed by Raman spectroscopy data. It is shown, that the number of graphite nanofilm layers can be determined by carbon atomic content in at %.
Refractive index of water vapor in infrared windows (1986)

The refractive index of water vapor for wavelengths in the infrared windows is important for laser techniques of distance measurement. Our own interest in this refractive index is the prediction of turbulence-induced scintillation in atmospheric propagation of infrared radiation. The refractive index of water vapor is calculated by line-by-line summation using the AFGL line parameters compilation. The calculation is performed at nine wavelengths between 19 and 7.8 µ m, and three wavelengths near 3.4 µ m. A simple formula for its dispersion and temperature dependence is given. We compare the line-by-line summation against measurements of refractive index for wavelengths near 10.6 and 3.4 µ m. The calculations are in good agreement with data. The line-by-line calculation is also performed at visible wavelengths so that the infrared-resonance contribution to the refractive index in the visible may be subtracted from the empirical values thereby giving the ultraviolet-resonance contribution. The extrapolation of this UV-resonance refractive index from the visible to the infrared is shown to have an estimated uncertainty of two parts per thousand.