gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A protein dissection study demonstrates that two specific hydrophobic clusters play a key role in stabilizing the core structure of the molten globule state of human alpha-lactalbumin. (2001)

The molten globule state of alpha-lactalbumin (alpha LA) has served as a paradigm for understanding the role of these partially folded states in protein folding. We previously showed that a peptide construct consisting of the A and B helices (residues 1-38) cross-linked to the D- and C-terminal 3(10) helices (residues 101-120) of alpha LA is capable of folding to a stable molten globule-like state. Here, we report the study of three peptide constructs that are designed to investigate the contribution two short hydrophobic sequences located near the C-terminus of alpha LA make to the structure and stability of the alpha LA molten globule state. These regions of the protein have been shown to form stable non-native structures in isolation. The three peptide constructs contain residues 1-38 cross-linked to three separate C-terminal peptides via the native 28-111 disulfide bond. The C-terminal peptides consist of residues 101-114, 106-120, and 106-114. The results of CD, fluorescence, ANS binding, and urea denaturation experiments indicate that constructs that lack either of the hydrophobic sequences (residues 101-105 and 115-120) are significantly less structured. These results highlight the importance of long-range, mutually stabilizing interactions within the molten globule state of the protein. Proteins 2001;42:237-242.
Argon 40 in Potassium Minerals (1948)

An investigation has been made of the isotopic composition of the argon from four potassium minerals. In each case a high ${\mathrm{A}}^{40}$/${\mathrm{A}}^{36}$ ratio compared to that of atmospheric argon is observed showing directly that ${\mathrm{K}}^{40}$ decays to both ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{40}$ and ${\mathrm{A}}^{40}$. From the absolute amounts of radiogenic ${\mathrm{A}}^{40}$ and ${\mathrm{K}}^{40}$ in the minerals a lower limit on the branching ratio $\frac{{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{K}}{{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\ensuremath{\beta}}}$ can be made. If the half-life, 7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{8}$ yrs., is assumed for ${\mathrm{K}}^{40}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\mathrm{Ca}}^{40}$, $\frac{{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{K}}{{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\ensuremath{\beta}}}$ must be at least 0.02. The possibility of using this method for measuring geological age is suggested.
Turbocharger Heat Transfer Determination with a Power Based Phenomenological Approach and a CHT Validation (2017)

International audience
Abstract 10642: Small Conductance Calcium Activated Potassium Channels as a New Atrial Fibrillation Target (2012)

Background: Recently, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Ca2+-dependent K+-channels (encoded by SK (KCa2.x) subunits) have been implicated in atrial fibrillation (AF) risk. Here, we assessed...
Biased G protein-coupled receptor agonism mediates Neu1 sialidase and matrix metalloproteinase-9 crosstalk to induce transactivation of insulin receptor signaling (2017)

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) can participate in a number of signaling pathways, and this property led to the concept of biased GPCR agonism. Agonists, antagonists and allosteric modulators can bind to GPCRs in different ways, creating unique conformations that differentially modulate signaling through one or more G proteins. A unique neuromedin B (NMBR) GPCR-signaling platform controlling mammalian neuraminidase-1 (Neu1) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) crosstalk has been reported in the activation of the insulin receptor (IR) through the modification of the IR glycosylation. Here, we propose that there exists a biased GPCR agonism as small diffusible molecules in the activation of Neu1-mediated insulin receptor signaling. GPCR agonists bombesin, bradykinin, angiotensin I and angiotensin II significantly and dose-dependently induce Neu1 sialidase activity and IR activation in human IR-expressing rat hepatoma cell lines (HTC-IR), in the absence of insulin. Furthermore, the GPCR agonist-induced Neu1 sialidase activity could be specifically blocked by the NMBR inhibitor, BIM-23127. Protein expression analyses showed that these GPCR agonists significantly induced phosphorylation of IRβ and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1). Among these, angiotensin II was the most potent GPCR agonist capable of promoting IRβ phosphorylation in HTC-IR cells. Interestingly, treatment with BIM-23127 and Neu1 inhibitor oseltamivir phosphate were able to block GPCR agonist-induced IR activation in HTC cells in vitro. Additionally, we found that angiotensin II receptor (type I) exists in a multimeric receptor complex with Neu1, IRβ and NMBR in naïve (unstimulated) and stimulated HTC-IR cells with insulin, bradykinin, angiotensin I and angiotensin II. This complex suggests a molecular link regulating the interaction and signaling mechanism between these molecules on the cell surface. These findings uncover a biased GPCR agonist-induced IR transactivation signaling axis, mediated by Neu1 sialidase and the modification of insulin receptor glycosylation.
GAMIAN‐Europe*/BEAM survey I – global analysis of a patient questionnaire circulated to 3450 members of 12 European advocacy groups operating in the field of mood disorders (2003)

There was a clear need for more patient education about pharmacological and psychosocial interventions, despite material progress having been made over the past decade. There is an urgent need for more information and education for both relatives and the public in most European countries to improve awareness and understanding of BDs and other mood disorders and the doctor-patient dialogue.
Latinx and Caucasian Elementary School Children’s Knowledge of and Interest in Engineering Activities (2017)

Ethnic minorities, such as Latinx people of Hispanic or Latino origin, and women earn fewer engineering degrees than Caucasians and men. With shifting population dynamics and high demands for a technically qualified workforce, it is important to achieve broad participation in the engineering workforce by all ethnicities and both genders. Previous research has examined the knowledge of and interest in engineering among students in grades five and higher. In contrast, the present study examined elementary school students in grades K–5. The study found that older students in grades 4 and 5 had both greater knowledge of engineering occupational activities and greater interest in engineering than younger students in grades K–3. Moreover, Caucasian students had greater knowledge and interest levels than Latinx students. There were no significant differences between boys and girls, nor any significant interactions among gender, grade level, and ethnicity. A significant positive correlation between knowledge of engineering occupational activities and interest in engineering was also found. The findings suggest that early engineering outreach interventions are important. Such early interventions could potentially contribute to preserving the equivalent interest levels of males and females for engineering as students grow older. Also, ethnic disparities in engineering knowledge and interest could potentially be mitigated through early interventions.
Facile Synthesis of 6-Aryl-1,3-dimethyl-5H-pyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]diazepine-2,4(1H,3H)-diones (1999)

A facile procedure for the preparation of 6-aryl-1,3-dimethyl-5 H -pyrimido[4,5- b ][1,4]diazepine2,4(1 H ,3 H )-diones 8 , 9 from 6-amino-5-arylideneamino-1,3-dimethyluracils 1 , 2 and triethyl orthoacetate ( 3 ) in a two-step reaction via 6-aryl-8-ethoxy-6,7-dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-5 H -pyrimido[4,5- b ][1,4]diazepine-2,4(1 H ,3 H )-diones 6 , 7 is described. Condensation of 1 with diethoxymethyl acetate ( 10 ) resulted in the formation of (1,3-dimethyl-2,6-(1 H ,3 H )-dioxopurin-7-yl)(phenyl)methyl acetate ( 11 ) and a small amount of 1,3-dimethyl-6-phenylpyrazino[2,3- d ]pyrimidine-2,4(1 H ,3 H )-dione ( 12 ). The structures of 6 and 11 were unambiguously confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
Effect of Pretreatment of Carbon Support on The Activity of Nickel Catalyst (1989)

An activated carbon was heated in hydrogen at 900°C for 4h and theni mpregnated with nickel nitrate from an aqueous solution to prepare carbon -supported nickel catalyst. The activity of the catalyst was compared with a catalyst supported on untreated activated carbon for hydrogenation of benzene at 85-120°C and hydrogenolysis of ethane at 280-350°C. The activity of nickel was greatly increased by the pretreatment of the support: 3 times in the hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexane and about 30 times in the ethane hydrogenolysis to form methane. The dispersion of nickel on the supports was measured using temperature programmed desorption of hydrogen as well as X-ray diffraction technique. The large increase in the activity is attributed to the increased dispersion of nickel on the pretreated carbon surface, possibly due to the elimination of hetero-atoms.
Is covert attention really unnecessary? (1999)

We are largely in agreement with the Findlay & Walker model. However, they appear to dismiss the role of covert spatial attention in tasks in which people are free to move their eyes. We argue that an account of the facts about the perceptual span in reading requires a window of attention not centered around the fovea. Moreover, a computational model of reading that we (Reichle et al. 1998) developed gives a good account of eye movement control in reading and would be unable to do so without relying heavily on covert attention.
ChemInform Abstract: POLYHALOGENOHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS PART 26, NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION IN TRIFLUOROPYRAZINES (1975)

Abstract Die Umsetzung der Pyrazine (II) mit Dimethylamin ergibt einheitlich die Substitutionsprodukte (I).
FDG-PET in 10 children with Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Initial Experience in Staging and Follow-up (2005)

These first results on the use of FDG-PET in paediatric non-Hodgkin lymphoma indicate a high potential to improve the therapeutic management.
<title>HELINET: an integrated network of unmanned aerial vehicles for optical Earth surveillance</title> (2000)

HeliNet is a project recently funded by the European Community, within the Fifth Framework Programme of research and technological development, for the design of a network of aerodynamic stratospheric platforms. This network is intended to yield integrated services of broadband communications, as well as optical surveillance and traffic monitoring. Particularly for the surveillance application, an optical payload will be mounted on the platforms, so enabling for the analysis and processing of high resolution digital pictures of the ground. In this paper we deal with image processing algorithms to be run on the images acquired by the on-board optical device, addressing specific features of the HeliNet platforms. In particular, HeliNet application development is constrained by platform requirements on the available payload power and weight, which raise the need for low complexity algorithms; moreover, platform motion and low flight height put the issue of available image resolution in a light potentially more promising with respect to other spaceborne systems. We assess general requirements for image processing applications, including motion and vibration compensation by efficient image registration, image restoration (motion blur compensation) and resolution enhancement (super-resolution). As the limited bandwidth of the transmissive interface strongly constrains the amount of data which can be transmitted to ground, it is desirable that some image processing is performed on board with limited computational complexity. Therefore we describe the requirements of intelligent data compression and processing algorithms to be run on board. These algorithms will be designed according to the HeliNet specific constraints and foreseen applications, having low complexity, and permitting to select and interpret images/data of interest, which are the only ones transmitted to ground, thus fulfilling the available data rate of the communication interface. We show that this approach is successful in trading-off between limited bandwidth and quality of processing results.
Quantification of iron in aluminium-silicon foundry alloys via thermal analysis (1997)

Thermal analysis can provide a cost effective and reliable method to quantify the iron contents of aluminium-silicon alloy melts before the casting process is performed. The formation of the Al5FeSi intermetallic is resolvable on the cooling curves for aluminium-silicon alloys if the iron content is equal to or greater than 0.6% wt when the cooling rate of the thermal analysis sample is very slow. As the iron content gradually increases the nucleation temperature of Al5FeSi increases and results in extending the duration of the Al5FeSi thermal anomaly seen on cooling curves. Time and temperature based parameters associated with the Al5FeSi thermal anomaly are used to quantify the Fe content and the amount of iron rich intermetallic phases which appear in the microstructure. It is also shown that the duration of the eutectic growth, as determined from cooling curves, is influenced by the presence of iron.
Activity and Safety of Vinorelbine Combined with Doxorubicin or Fluorouracil as First-Line Therapy in Advanced Breast Cancer: A Stratified Phase II Study (2001)

Both vinorelbine-containing regimens appear to offer useful options as initial therapy for advanced breast cancer. Both regimens were active, and any efficacy differences between the two may have been related to differences in prognosis for the anthracycline-pretreated group (i.e., selection for prior aggressive adjuvant therapy) and or comorbid cardiac conditions. Both regimens were associated with predictable but manageable toxicity, but a lower dose of fluorouracil (e.g., 600 mg/m(2)/day) should be used to reduce the risk of stomatitis.
Turbine blade/vane interaction noise - Acoustic mode analysis using in-duct sensor rakes (2001)

The sound field in the outlet duct of a high speed low-pressure turbine was studied to deepen the understanding of the sound generating mechanisms in a three-stage turbine. Special interest was given to the influence of the exit guide vanes (EGV) downstream of the turbine on the noise generation. Six radial rakes carrying ten Kulite-sensor probes each were mounted downstream of the EGVs in the cylindrical duct section of the turbine exit. The rakes were positioned at different azimuthal angles and staggered axially in pairs to avoid probe wake interference. The rakes were traversed azimuthally over 180 degrees in steps of 1.5 degrees to give a total of 240x30 measurement points. All sensor signals were acquired simultaneously with a sampling frequency of 22 kHz and stored digitally for later analysis in the frequency range 0-8.5 kHz. Measurements were made at operating conditions from 63% to 99% rotor design speed. Special attention was given to the blade passing frequencies (BPF) of the three turbine rotors. The chosen experimental setup permits decomposition of the sound field into azimuthal and radial modes. With this information, the sound power transmitted upstream as well as downstream can be calculated for frequencies up to 6 kHz. The results of the mode analysis provide a detailed view on the sound generation mechanisms and interaction processes between the various blade and vane rows. According to Tyler & Sofrin, the noise sources can be separated in rotor/statorand rotor/stator/EGV-interactions with associated azimuthal modes.
Neurite Outgrowth Induced by a Synthetic Peptide Ligand of Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule Requires Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Activation (2000)

The neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM is involved in axonal outgrowth and target recognition in the developing nervous system. In vitro, NCAM-NCAM binding has been shown to induce neurite outgrowth, presumably through an activation of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs). We have recently identified a neuritogenic ligand, termed the C3 peptide, of the first immunoglobulin (lg) module of NCAM using a combinatorial library of synthetic peptides. Here we investigate whether stimulation of neurite outgrowth by this synthetic ligand of NCAM involves FGFRs. In primary cultures of cerebellar neurons from wild-type mice, the C3 peptide stimulated neurite outgrowth. This response was virtually absent in cultures of cerebellar neurons from transgenic mice expressing a dominant-negative form of the FGFR1. Likewise, in PC12E2 cells transiently expressing a dominant-negative form of the mouse FGFR1, induction of neurites by the C3 peptide was abrogated. These findings suggest that the neuritogenic effect of the C3 peptide requires the presence of functional FGFRs and support the hypothesis that FGFRs are essential in cell adhesion molecule-stimulated neurite outgrowth. The C3 peptide appears to stimulate neurite outgrowth by specifically activating an NCAM-FGFR-dependent signaling cascade and may therefore be of considerable interest as a tool for the determination of NCAM-dependent neurite outgrowth as well as a potential drug capable of promoting outgrowth and regeneration of NCAM-responsive axons.
Time-resolved measurements of the ion energy distribution function in a pulsed discharge using a double gating technique (2005)

This paper presents an improved technique for obtaining the time-resolved ion energy distribution functions (IEDFs) in a pulsed plasma using a commercial quadrupole mass energy analyser. In this technique, both the extractor and the detector of the analyser are gated at selected times relative to the pulse. The combination of the gating pulses allows the time-resolved IEDFs to be determined without a time delay inherent in the ion transit time through the spectrometer. The technique is applied to a low pressure RF discharge in Ar. The time-resolved IEDFs are obtained for two different modulation frequencies with 10 µs time resolution: (i) 1 kHz of modulation frequency, 50% duty (when the afterglow plasma exists within the entire 'off' period) and (ii) at 200 Hz modulation frequency, 10% duty (when the remnant plasma completely collapses before the beginning of the following 'on' pulse). The peak values in the ion energy are found to be constant in a steady state of the 'on' time (∼42 eV). The highest ion energy at 200 Hz is 90 eV, but only 80 eV at 1 kHz. At the beginning of the 'off' time they fall sharply to 10–15 eV and then slowly decrease in time to 4–6 eV. The normalized integral of the counts under the IEDFs and the IEDF peak energies are compared and agree well with the plasma densities and the plasma potential respectively obtained at the same time points by the single Langmuir probe.
Modeling Battery Behavior for Accurate State-of-Charge Indication (2006)

Li-ion is the most commonly used battery chemistry in portable applications nowadays. Accurate state-of-charge SOC and remaining run-time indication for portable devices is important for the user's convenience and to prolong the lifetime of batteries. A new SOC indication system, combining the electromotive force EMF measurement during equilibrium and current measurement and integration during charge and discharge, has been developed and implemented in a laboratory setup. During discharge, apart from simple Coulomb counting, the effect of the overpotential is also considered. Mathematical models describing the EMF and the overpotential functions for a Li-ion battery have been developed. These models include a variety of parameters whose values depend on the determination method and experimental conditions. In this paper the battery measurement and modeling efforts are described. The method of implementing the battery model in an SOC indication system is also described. The aim is an SOC determination within 1% inaccuracy or better under all realistic user conditions, including a wide variety of load currents and a wide temperature range. The achieved results show the effectiveness of our novel approach for improving the accuracy of the SOC indication.
Nucleosides and Nucleotides. 173. Synthesis of Cyclic IDP-carbocyclic-ribose, a Stable Mimic of Cyclic ADP-ribose. Significant Facilitation of the Intramolecular Condensation Reaction of <i>N</i>-1-(Carbocyclic-ribosyl)inosine 5‘,6‘‘-Diphosphate Derivatives by an 8-Bromo-Substitution at the Hypoxanthine Moiety (1998)

Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR, 1) is a general mediator involved in cellular Ca2+ signaling. However, both the biological and chemical instability of cADPR limit studies on its physiological role. We designed cyclic ADP-carbocyclic-ribose (3) and its inosine congener 4 as stable mimics of cADPR and successfully synthesized 4. Starting with cyclopentadiene, the optically active carbocyclic unit 8 was constructed via enzymatic optical resolution. SN2 reactions of 8 with inosine derivative 7 and the 8-bromoinosine derivative 25 gave the N-1-substituted derivatives 6 and 26, which were converted to the corresponding diphosphate derivatives 5 and 22. The intramolecular condensation reactions between the two phosphate groups of 5 and 22 were investigated. Although the reaction with inosine derivative 5 did not produce any of the cyclization product 20, treatment of the corresponding 8-bromoinosine derivative 22 with EDC gave the desired intramolecular condensation product 29 in 23% yield. Thus, the significant effect of the 8-bromo group at the hypoxanthine moiety in facilitating the key intramolecular condensation reaction between the phosphate groups of the substrate 22 was recognized. This is possibly due to conformational restriction of the molecule in a syn-form around its glycosyl linkage. The 8-bromo and isopropylidene groups were removed in succession to give the target compound 4. This is the first total synthesis of this type of cyclic nucleotide.
Central CO<sub>2</sub>chemoreception in developing bullfrogs: anomalous response to acetazolamide (2003)

Central CO(2) chemoreception and the role of carbonic anhydrase were assessed in brain stems from Rana catesbeiana tadpoles and frogs. Buccal and lung rhythms were recorded from cranial nerve VII and spinal nerve II during normocapnia and hypercapnia before and after treatment with 25 microM acetazolamide. The lung response to acetazolamide mimicked the hypercapnic response in early-stage and midstage metamorphic tadpoles and frogs. In late-stage tadpoles, acetazolamide actually inhibited hypercapnic responses. Acetazolamide and hypercapnia decreased the buccal frequency but had no effect on the buccal duty cycle. Carbonic anhydrase activity was present in the brain stem in every developmental stage. Thus more frequent lung ventilation and concomitantly less frequent buccal ventilation comprised the hypercapnic response, but the response to acetazolamide was not consistent during metamorphosis. Therefore, acetazolamide is not a useful tool for central CO(2) chemoreceptor studies in this species. The reversal of the effect of acetazolamide in late-stage metamorphosis may reflect reorganization of central chemosensory processes during the final transition from aquatic to aerial respiration.
Copyright Protection of A/V Codec for Mobile Multimedia Devices (2009)

The objective of this chapter introduces an advanced encryption of MP3 and MPEG-4 coder with a quality degradation-based security model. For the MP3 audio, the magnitude, and phase information of modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) coefficients is encrypted. DCT coefficients and motion vectors (MVs) are used for the scrambling of the MPEG-4 video. This encryption scheme has a level of security, secures in perception, keeps format compliance, and obtains high time efficiency though reducing the encrypted the volumes of multimedia contents. These properties make it practical to incorporate encryption and decryption process into compression and decompression process, and thus suitable for secure A/V transmission or sharing.