gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Affirming Hardware Design Authenticity Using Fragile IP Watermarking (2018)

The increasing cost of IC fabrication and the ever-shrinking transistor size forces IC Industry to move its fabrication facilities to cheaper less reliable sources. This process creates the chance of inserting malicious manipulations namely Hardware Trojans at different phases of the design cycle. Trojans are a real challenge to IC industry especially in an era of smart cities and connected sensors. In this paper, we propose a behavioral fragile IP watermarking technique that embeds the signature in finite state machines (FSMs) transitions to ensure design integrity. The inserted fragile mark is extremely sensitive to any design alterations, which makes it an excellent and economical choice to detect design changes. Finally, we analyze and evaluate different aspects of the proposed technique, including sensitivity to design changes, robustness, as well as complexity and insertion overhead to design cycle.
Hybrid models for the simulation of microstructural evolution influenced by coupled, multiple physical processes (2013)

Most materials microstructural evolution processes progress with multiple processes occurring simultaneously. In this work, we have concentrated on the processes that are active in nuclear materials, in particular, nuclear fuels. These processes are coarsening, nucleation, differential diffusion, phase transformation, radiation-induced defect formation and swelling, often with temperature gradients present. All these couple and contribute to evolution that is unique to nuclear fuels and materials. Hybrid model that combines elements from the Potts Monte Carlo, phase-field models and others have been developed to address these multiple physical processes. These models are described and applied to several processes in this report. An important feature of the models developed are that they are coded as applications within SPPARKS, a Sandiadeveloped framework for simulation at the mesoscale of microstructural evolution processes by kinetic Monte Carlo methods. This makes these codes readily accessible and adaptable for future applications.
Benefits of gain: speeded learning and minimal hidden layers in back-propagation networks (1991)

The gain of a mode in a connectionist network is a multiplicative constant that amplifies or attenuates the net input to the node. The benefits of adaptive gains in back-propagation networks are explored. It is shown that gradient descent with respect to gain greatly increases learning speed by amplifying those directions in weight space that are successfully chosen by gradient descent on weights. Adaptive gains also allow normalization of weight vectors without loss of computational capacity, and the authors suggest a simple modification of the learning rule that automatically achieves weight normalization. A method for creating small hidden layers by making hidden node gains compete according to similarities between nodes in an effect to improve generalization performance is described. Simulations show that this competition method is more effective than the special case of gain decay.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Continuum of hepatitis C care in France: A 20-year cohort study (2017)

Our 20-year cohort study reveals the real-life continuum of care for HCV-infected patients in France. The number of patients involved in HCV care after positive testing was substantial due to the organization of healthcare in France. An improved CoC along with new direct-acting antivirals should help to decrease chronic HCV infection.
Positron imaging feasibility studies: characteristics of (/sup 3/H)thymidine uptake in rodent and canine neoplasms (1981)

Uptake (/sup 3/H)thymidine was studied in BALB/c mice with EMT-6 sarcoma, in Buffalo rats with Morris 7777 hepatoma, and in nine dogs with spontaneous neoplasms: four lymphomas, two osteosarcomas, two soft-tissue sarcomas, and a thyroid carcinoma. High tumor-to-tissue ratios were observed for all tumor types assayed, and absolute uptakes, when computed as percent dose per gram tumor normalized for body weight, were similar for transplanted and spontaneous tumors. In the rodent tumors, radiothymidine was retained for at least 3 hr in the tumor without appreciable loss. In canine neoplasms, although the highest uptakes were observed in cellular tumors with many mitotic figures, tumor uptake showed significant variability that did not correlate with any obvious histologic change, and thus may reflect true biologic differences in metabolism among tumors at different sites in the same animal. These studies provide additional experimental evidence that the ratios of neoplastic to normal tissue and the kinetics of thymidine uptake by tumors are suitable for positron emission tomography of neoplasms in small and large, animals, including both transplanted and spontaneous tumors.
1695: Reversal of C4D+ Acute Humoral Rejection Using Combination Plasmapheresis and Intravenous Immune Globulin (IVIG) in Renal Transplant Patients (2006)

You have accessJournal of UrologyModerated Poster, Wednesday, May 24, 2006, 3:30 - 5:30 pm1 Apr 20061695: Reversal of C4D+ Acute Humoral Rejection Using Combination Plasmapheresis and Intravenous Immune Globulin (IVIG) in Renal Transplant Patients Christopher Nguan, Laura Gregor, Anthony M. Jevnikar, Patrick Luke, and Andrew A. House Christopher NguanChristopher Nguan More articles by this author , Laura GregorLaura Gregor More articles by this author , Anthony M. JevnikarAnthony M. Jevnikar More articles by this author , Patrick LukePatrick Luke More articles by this author , and Andrew A. HouseAndrew A. House More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)33874-6AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "1695: Reversal of C4D+ Acute Humoral Rejection Using Combination Plasmapheresis and Intravenous Immune Globulin (IVIG) in Renal Transplant Patients." The Journal of Urology, 175(4S), pp. 545–546 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 175Issue 4SApril 2006Page: 545-546 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Christopher Nguan More articles by this author Laura Gregor More articles by this author Anthony M. Jevnikar More articles by this author Patrick Luke More articles by this author Andrew A. House More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
Maternal dietary 22: 6<i>n</i>-3 is more effective than 18: 3<i>n</i>-3 in increasing the 22: 6<i>n</i>-3 content in phospholipids of glial cells from neonatal rat brain (2005)

One of the debates in infant nutrition concerns whether dietary 18 : 3n-3 (linolenic acid) can provide for the accretion of 22 : 6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) in neonatal tissues. The objective of the present study was to determine whether low or high 18 : 3n-3 v. preformed 22 : 6n-3 in the maternal diet enabled a similar 22 : 6n-3 content in the phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylserine (PS) of glial cells from whole brain (cerebrum and cerebellum) of 2-week-old rat pups. At parturition, the dams were fed semi-purified diets containing either increasing amounts of 18 : 3n-3 (18 : 2n-6 to 18 : 3n-3 fatty acid ratio of 7.8 : 1, 4.4 : 1 or 1 : 1), preformed DHA, or preformed 20 : 4n-6 (arachidonic acid)+DHA. During the first 2 weeks of life, the rat pups from the respective dams received only their dam's milk. The fatty acid composition of the pups' stomach contents (dam's milk) and phospholipids from glial cells were quantified. The 20 : 4n-6 and 22 : 6n-3 content in the stomach from rat pups at 2 weeks of age reflected the fatty acid composition of the dam's diet. The 20 : 4n-6 content of PE and PS in the glial cells was unaffected by maternal diet treatments. Preformed 22 : 6n-3 in the maternal diet increased the 22 : 6n-3 content of glial cell PE and PS compared with maternal diets providing an 18 : 2n-6 to 18 : 3 n-3 fatty acid ratio of 7.8 : 1, 4.4 : 1 or 1 : 1 (P<0.0001). There was no significant difference in the 20 : 4n-6 and 22 : 6n-3 content of glial cell PC and PI among maternal diet treatments. It was concluded that maternal dietary 22 : 6n-3 is more effective than low or high levels of maternal dietary 18 : 3n-3 at increasing the 22 : 6n-3 content in PE and PS of glial cells from the whole brain of rat pups at 2 weeks of age. The findings from the present study have important implications for human infants fed infant formulas that are devoid of 22 : 6n-3.
Controlled release microspheres based on Eudragit L100 for the oral administration of erythromycin. (1991)

The use of Eudragit L100, a copolymer based on methacrylic acid and methacrylic acid methyl ester, in preparing erythromycin microspheres is described. The microspheres were simply prepared in liquid paraffin by solidifying an Eudragit L100 in ethanol solution. When gelatin was incorporated in the solidifying solution, the resultant microspheres were more spherical and had a smooth surface. The size of the microspheres could be controlled by varying the Eudragit L100 concentration in ethanol, and erythromycin was incorporated with 60-70% efficiency. The degradation of erythromycin by acid was markedly protected when the erythromycin microspheres were coated with the polymer. The in vitro release rate of erythromycin from the microspheres was also modified by the coating process. The feasibility of preparing formulations of erythromycin for oral administration, which release the drug at a controlled rate, and protect the drug from gastric acid, is thus demonstrated.
Reflexiones sobre Ciencia y Tecnología para el Caribe colombiano. (2011)

ResumenEste trabajo está basado en los resultados del estudio sobre las actividades científicas y tecnológicas en la Costa Caribe colombiana, para explicar el análisis de su problemática en la región, y ofrecer las bases conceptuales iniciales sobre una estrategia de ciencia y tecnología de la Costa Caribe colombiana. Es necesaria esta reflexión para enfrentar los desafíos del siglo XXI: la generación de conocimiento, la asunción de las políticas de descentralización administrativa y apertura de mercados en el país, el aumento de la productividad y competitividad regional, y el fortalecimiento de la autonomía que ambicionan las fuerzas activas de la región.
Narrow band forward coupling using Bragg reflectors (2012)

In this work, we revisit the operation principles of Bragg reflectors assisted directional couplers. We show that an efficient narrow band forward coupling operation can be achieved by an appropriate engineering of the Bragg grating waveguides dispersion properties. Our theoretical analysis reveals the existence of a minimum Bragg grating coupling strength for co-directional phase matching. This threshold coupling condition is an essentially new aspect of Bragg grating asymmetric directional couplers as compared to conventional co-directional couplers and Bragg reflectors. The threshold condition is analytically determined, and a coupled mode theory four-wave model is successfully applied to describe the behavior of the investigated device. It is shown that the optimal operation is achieved with only one Bragg grating distributed along one of the two waveguides. A numerical validation of the results of coupled mode theory is performed for the case of shallow-etched Silicon on Insulator (SOI) ridge waveguides with Bragg grating assisted coupling. The selectivity is a factor of 5.5 higher than that obtained in the conventional approach of asymmetric directional couplers where III-V waveguides with different alloy compositions are coupled vertically. The proposed design is shown to be compatible with existing micronano- fabrication technology.
Structure and physical properties of segmented polyurethane elastomers containing chemical crosslinks in the hard segment (1998)

Two series of segmented polyurethanes, one containing 50% soft segments and the other with 70% soft segments were synthesized. Chemical crosslinks were introduced through the hard segment in a controlled way. Chemical polyurethane networks were characterized by swelling. The effect of the degree of crosslinking on properties was examined. It was found that chemical crosslinks in the hard segment reduce the mobility of the soft phase and destroy the crystallinity of the hard phase, but they improve heat stability of the hard domains. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 221–235, 1998
HAMR media based on exchange bias (2016)

In this work, we describe an alternative strategy for the development of heat assisted magnetic recording media. In our approach, the need for a storage material with a temperature dependent anisotropy and to provide a read out signal is separated so that each function can be optimised independently. This is achieved by the use of an exchange bias structure where a conventional CoCrPt-SiO2 recording layer is exchange biased to an underlayer of IrMn such that heating and cooling in the exchange field from the recording layer results in a shifted loop. This strategy requires the reorientation of the IrMn layer to allow coupling to the recording layer. This has been achieved by the use of an ultrathin (0.8 nm) layer of Co deposited beneath the IrMn layer. In this system, the information is in effect stored in the antiferromagnetic layer, and hence, there is no demagnetising field generated by the stored bits. A loop shift of 688 Oe has been achieved where both values of coercivity lie to one side of the origin and the information cannot be erased by a magnetic field.
Strategies for successful rapid trials of influenza vaccine (2011)

Background In contrast to the gradual pace of conventional vaccine trials, evaluation of influenza vaccines often must be accelerated for use in a pandemic or for annual re-licensure. Descriptions of how best to design studies for rapid completion are few. Purpose In August, 2010, we conducted a rapid trial with a seasonal influenza vaccine for 2010–2011 given to persons vaccinated with an adjuvanted H1N1 vaccine in 2009, to determine whether re-exposure to the H1N1 2009 component of the seasonal vaccine would cause increased reactions. We describe the strategies that we believe were responsible for success in meeting the desired timeline. Methods The key means for expediting the study were: use of a few experienced, well-staffed centers; efficient completion of administrative approvals; advance recruitment of volunteers; synchronized start among centers with rapid completion (≤1 week) of first visits; rapid data assembly via the Internet; and a well-prepared data analysis plan. We chose to use a randomized, blinded, cross-over design to allow estimation of vaccine-attributable adverse event rates, with sufficient power (320 participants) to detect events occurring at true rates ≥1% with ≥90% probability. Results Planned enrollment numbers, center synchronization, and timelines, including review by a safety board prior to the cross-over step (second doses), were achieved. A detailed safety report was delivered to federal health officials just 32 days after study initiation and was used to fine-tune public messaging prior to the mass vaccination programs across Canada. Limitations This aggressive timeline could not have been met without opportunities for careful planning and the prior existence of a network of experienced, collaborating trial centers. Conclusions The means used to accelerate this study timeline were successful and could be used in other urgent situations but the mechanics of collaborative trials must be well rehearsed as a precondition.
Cross-Layer Design in Wireless Mesh Networks (2008)

The conventional layered-protocol architecture does not provide optimal performance for wireless mesh networks (WMNs). The method of optimization decomposition of the protocol stack can achieve optimal network performance. This method usually results in a clean-slate protocol architecture that is different from the protocol architecture of WMNs. Such a difference actually demonstrates the need for a cross-layer design. Specific features pertaining to WMNs also show the need for cross-layer optimization across different protocol layers. In this paper, motivations for cross-layer design in WMNs are stated first. Moreover, cross-layer optimization schemes and algorithms between different protocol layers are investigated with an objective of shedding light on open research problems and new approaches. Guidelines for carrying out cross-layer design in WMNs are also provided in this paper.
Co<sup>III</sup>–Carbene Radical Approach to Substituted 1<i>H</i>-Indenes (2016)

A new strategy for the catalytic synthesis of substituted 1H-indenes via metalloradical activation of o-cinnamyl N-tosyl hydrazones is presented, taking advantage of the intrinsic reactivity of a Co(III) carbene radical intermediate. The reaction uses readily available starting materials and is operationally simple, thus representing a practical method for the construction of functionalized 1H-indene derivatives. The cheap and easy to prepare low spin cobalt(II) complex [Co(II)(MeTAA)] (MeTAA = tetramethyltetraaza[14]annulene) proved to be the most active catalyst among those investigated, which demonstrates catalytic carbene radical reactivity for a nonporphyrin cobalt(II) complex, and for the first time catalytic activity of [Co(II)(MeTAA)] in general. The methodology has been successfully applied to a broad range of substrates, producing 1H-indenes in good to excellent yields. The metallo-radical catalyzed indene synthesis in this paper represents a unique example of a net (formal) intramolecular carbene insertion reaction into a vinylic C(sp(2))-H bond, made possible by a controlled radical ring-closure process of the carbene radical intermediate involved. The mechanism was investigated computationally, and the results were confirmed by a series of supporting experimental reactions. Density functional theory calculations reveal a stepwise process involving activation of the diazo compound leading to formation of a Co(III)-carbene radical, followed by radical ring-closure to produce an indanyl/benzyl radical intermediate. Subsequent indene product elimination involving a 1,2-hydrogen transfer step regenerates the catalyst. Trapping experiments using 2,2,6,6-tetra-methylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) radical or dibenzoylperoxide (DBPO) confirm the involvement of cobalt(III) carbene radical intermediates. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic spin-trapping experiments using phenyl N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) reveal the radical nature of the reaction.
Synovial Sarcoma, Histologically Mimicking Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor/Ewing's Sarcoma at Distant Sites (1999)

We report a case of synovial sarcoma (SS) showing unusual histology at distant sites. A 47-year-old man was aware of a tumor on the sole of his left foot. After preoperative chemotherapy with a diagnosis of SS, wide excision was performed. During postoperative chemotherapy, multiple tumorous lesions developed in the bone (including the whole spine) and both lungs. The patient died 1 year later. Histologically, the excised tumor of the foot showed a biphasic cellular pattern typical of SS, whereas at autopsy the bone and lung lesions were composed only of undifferentiated small round cells with cytoplasmic fibrillar processes. Homer—Wright rosettes were also observed. Immunohistochemically, 80% of the bone and lung tumor cells expressed MIC2 protein homogeneously. To clarify whether the bone and lung round cell tumors were metastatic lesions or second malignancies, especially primary primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET)/Ewing's sarcoma (ES), we performed reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of tumor type-specific fusion gene transcripts. The SYT/SSX fusion transcript was identified in both the foot and lung lesions, whereas the EWS/FLI1 transcript was not detected in either lesion. Therefore, we concluded that the multiple bone and lung tumors were poorly differentiated metastatic tumors, which arose from the SS of the foot. We also conclude that the identification of chimeric fusion transcripts can be successfully applied to poorly differentiated sarcomas and will help in the differential diagnosis of tumors that cannot be distinguished by conventional morphological examinations. Also, it should be remembered that cytoplasmic staining for MIC2 protein may occur in sarcomas other than PNET/ES.
Antibacterial and osteogenic properties of silver‐containing hydroxyapatite coatings produced using a sol gel process (2007)

Since bacterial infection is a rising complication following the wide use of implant, there is considerable attention on the effect of implant surface properties on bacterial adhesion. In this study, the effect of silver (Ag) doped hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings on initial antibacterial adhesion and osteoblast cell proliferation and differentiation was investigated. Using a sol-gel process, HA coatings doped with 1 wt % AgNO(3) (AgHA1.0) and 1.5 wt % Ag (AgHA1.5) were prepared. Coated surfaces were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and contact angles measurements. The initial bacteria adhesion was evaluated using a RP12 strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 35984) and the Cowan I strain of Staphylococcus aureus, whereas osteoblast proliferation and differentiation were evaluated using human embryonic palatal mesenchyme cells (HEPM), an osteoblast precursor cell line. In this study, XRD analysis of all surfaces indicated peaks corresponding to HA. Contact angles for AgHA surfaces were observed to be significantly lower when compared to HA surfaces. In vitro initial bacterial adhesion study indicated a significantly reduced number of S. epidermidis and S. aureus on AgHA surfaces when compared to HA surface. The use of HEPM cells indicated no significant difference in double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) production between all surfaces. Additionally, no differences in alkaline phosphatase specific activity were observed between HA and AgHA1.0 surfaces. Overall, it was concluded that AgHA1.0 has the similar biological activity as HA, with respect to bone cell proliferation and differentiation. In addition, the AgHA1.0 was also concluded to have the ability to minimize the initial bacteria adhesion. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007.
Immunosuppressive effects of extracellular adenosine on immune cells: Implications for the pathogenesis of ADA SCID and immunomodulation (2001)

Abstract Signaling through extracellular adenosine receptors is believed to account for the wide‐ranging effects of adenosine. Interest of immunologists in adenosine stems from the observation that ADA deficiency leads to the inheritable SCID syndrome, and the data reviewed here indicate that at least some of the characteristics of ADA‐SCID may be a consequence of extracellular adenosine signaling. Studies of adenosine receptor and ADA‐deficient mice may provide the genetic evidence necessary to implicate extracellular adenosine as an important mediator in pathogenesis of ADA SCID and in demonstration of selectivity of adenosine‐based immunomodulating drugs. Drug Dev. Res. 53:218–224, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.