gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Combined Roles of Natural Organic Matter and Black Carbon as Sorbents in Sediments (2001)

We hypothesized that two mechanisms, absorption into natural organic matter and adsorption onto combustion-derived black carbon (BC), act in parallel to bind polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to Boston Harbor sediments. To focus on BC-adsorption, we removed the non-BC fraction by combusting near shore sediments at 375 degrees C for 24 h under air, leaving ca. 16% of the reduced carbon. The isotherm for pyrene sorption onto our combusted sediment was nonlinear with a Freundlich exponent of 0.62+/-0.12 and a BC-normalized distribution coefficient (microg/ kgBC)/(microg/L)n of 10(6.25)+/-0.14. Pyrene sorption to untreated sediment was reasonably estimated using Kd = f(oc) 10(4.7) + fBC 10(6.25) Cw(0.62-1) where f(oc) was the non-BC organic carbon content, 10(4.7) was the organic carbon-normalized absorption coefficient for pyrene (L/kg(oc)), fBC was the BC content, and Cw was the dissolved pyrene concentration (microg/ L). C/H/N ratios indicated that our environmental BC differed substantially from NIST diesel soot, possibly due to inclusion of larger BC particles from near source atmospheric fallout and urban runoff. The impact of BC on total PAH sorption may explain reports of nonlinear isotherms, Koc values for PAHs that exceed their respective Kow values, and discrepancies in bioavailability between planar and nonplanar sorbates.
Determining the electron energy distribution near the plasma potential in the earth’s ionosphere (1981)

A determination of the plasma potential using an electrostatic analyzer is described in which the potential difference between the instrument slit system and surrounding plasma is minimized. Data obtained from rocket-borne instrumentation demonstrate the viability of this technique for electron fluxes between thermal energies (∼0.5 V) and suprathermal energies (many volts).
Electrical Stimulation of Lateral Habenula during Learning: Frequency-Dependent Effects on Acquisition but Not Retrieval of a Two-Way Active Avoidance Response (2013)

The lateral habenula (LHb) is an epithalamic structure involved in signaling reward omission and aversive stimuli, and it inhibits dopaminergic neurons during motivated behavior. Less is known about LHb involvement in the acquisition and retrieval of avoidance learning. Our previous studies indicated that brief electrical stimulation of the LHb, time-locked to the avoidance of aversive footshock (presumably during the positive affective "relief" state that occurs when an aversive outcome is averted), inhibited the acquisition of avoidance learning. In the present study, we used the same paradigm to investigate different frequencies of LHb stimulation. The effect of 20 Hz vs. 50 Hz vs. 100 Hz stimulation was investigated during two phases, either during acquisition or retrieval in Mongolian gerbils. The results indicated that 50 Hz, but not 20 Hz, was sufficient to produce a long-term impairment in avoidance learning, and was somewhat more effective than 100 Hz in this regard. None of the stimulation parameters led to any effects on retrieval of avoidance learning, nor did they affect general motor activity. This suggests that, at frequencies in excess of the observed tonic firing rates of LHb neurons (>1-20 Hz), LHb stimulation may serve to interrupt the consolidation of new avoidance memories. However, these stimulation parameters are not capable of modifying avoidance memories that have already undergone extensive consolidation.
Placental protein measurements in complicated pregnancies. I. Intrauterine growth retardation (1984)

Maternal serum levels of human placental lactogen (hPL), schwangerschaftsprotein 1 (SP1) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) were measured serially throughout pregnancy in 753 women who had a normal pregnancy when recruited during the second trimester. Thirty-three women were delivered of an infant with low birth-weight and with phenotypic features of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). The predictive value of an abnormal (less than 10th centile) hPL result (PVpos) in the identification of IUGR was between 28 and 32%, the sensitivity (36-54%) being greatest at 35 weeks gestation. The predictive value of a normal result (PVneg) was 87-96% at various stages of pregnancy, also greatest at 35 weeks gestation. For SP1, the sensitivity and predictive values were also greatest at 35 weeks gestation (PVpos, 20%; sensitivity, 32%; PVneg, 95%), but for PAPP-A these values were considerably less at all gestations. The trends in levels of hPL, SP1 and PAPP-A observed in individual patients with IUGR were not apparently related to any clinically recognizable feature of the pregnancy or the degree of fetal compromise, irrespective of whether the levels were within or outside the 80% confidence limits of the normal range or whether the levels fell from within the normal range. These data suggest that maternal hPL measurements are superior in the identification of IUGR in samples obtained at 30-35 weeks gestation.
Delayed Elimination of Fibrin from the Lungs in Rats Given α2-Antiplasmin (1981)

Injection of human alpha 2-antiplasmin resulted in delayed elimination of fibrin from the lungs in rats with thrombin-induced intravascular coagulation. The amount of alpha 2-antiplasmin injected was chosen so as to simulate the posttraumatic increase of this inhibitor in man. By injecting trace amounts only of radiolabelled alpha 2- antiplasmin a specific uptake of this protein in the lungs was noted after the thrombin-induced coagulation. The results may indicate that the posttraumatic increase in alpha 2-antiplasmin is of significance for the delayed elimination of fibrin seen in patients following trauma.
Simulation of Heat and Mass Transfer Involving Vapor Condensation in the Presence of Non-Condensable Gases in Plane Channels (2011)

Results from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of heat and mass transfer involving the condensation of vapor in the presence of non-condensable gases in plane channels are presented. The simulations were carried out using FLUENT®. Convective heat and mass transfer and vapor condensation at a constant wall temperature were first investigated with the aim of comparing the CFD results with well established correlations. CFD simulations of heat and mass transfer and water vapor condensation in the presence of non-condensable air were then carried out for constant heat transfer coefficients for the condensation wall and coolant with different mass fractions of water vapor and inlet velocities. The predictions obtained from this are compared with experimental data and reasonable agreement has been found for the condensation rates of water vapor and heat flux. Finally, the condensation of the water vapor was simulated in a heat exchanger including both the cooling water and vapor-air mixture channels separated by solid walls. This simulation is close to reality and no assumptions are required for the temperature or heat transfer coefficient at the condensing wall. The difficulties of simultaneously simulating a gas mixture and liquid flowing in separate channels using commercially available CFD software are discussed and strategies to overcome these difficulties are outlined. Preliminary results from this third simulation will also be presented and compared with available experimental results.
Statistical morphology (1994)

This paper first introduces a parametric model for the generation of stationary random correlated binary sequences. The parameters of the model include the probability that a pixel is a binary one pixel and the length of the structuring element which dilates the initially spatially uncorrelated sequence. The spatial statistics of such eroded, dilated, opened and closed correlated binary sequences are derived in terms of the spatial statistics of the input binary sequence. Understanding of such one-dimensional processing is a precondition for understanding what happens in the more interesting two- dimensional case.
Steinlöffel mit akustischem Signal (1973)

A new instrument for the investigation of concrements is described. In the case of contact between concrement and probe the high-scratch frequencies are amplified selectively. The instrument is very helpful in detecting concrements not only in the kidney but also in the whole urinary tract.
Experimental Assessment of Mouse Sociability Using an Automated Image Processing Approach (2016)

Mouse is the preferred model organism for testing drugs designed to increase sociability. We present a method to quantify mouse sociability in which the test mouse is placed in a standardized apparatus and relevant behaviors are assessed in three different sessions (called session I, II, and III). The apparatus has three compartments (see Figure 1), the left and right compartments contain an inverted cup which can house a mouse (called "stimulus mouse"). In session I, the test mouse is placed in the cage and its mobility is characterized by the number of transitions made between compartments. In session II, a stimulus mouse is placed under one of the inverted cups and the sociability of the test mouse is quantified by the amounts of time it spends near the cup containing the enclosed stimulus mouse vs. the empty inverted cup. In session III, the inverted cups are removed and both mice interact freely. The sociability of the test mouse in session III is quantified by the number of social approaches it makes toward the stimulus mouse and by the number of times it avoids a social approach by the stimulus mouse. The automated evaluation of the movie detects the nose of the test mouse, which allows the determination of all described sociability measures in session I and II (in session III, approaches are identified automatically but classified manually). To find the nose, the image of an empty cage is digitally subtracted from each frame of the movie and the resulting image is binarized to identify the mouse pixels. The mouse tail is automatically removed and the two most distant points of the remaining mouse are determined; these are close to nose and base of tail. By analyzing the motion of the mouse and using continuity arguments, the nose is identified. Figure 1. Assessment of Sociability During 3 sessions. Session I (top): Acclimation of test mouse to the cage. Session II (middle): Test mouse moving freely in the cage while the stimulus mouse is enclosed in an inverted cup. Session III (bottom): Both test mouse and stimulus mouse are allowed to move freely and interact with each other.
Results after En Bloc Lateral Wall Decompression Surgery with Orbital Fat Resection in 111 Patients with Graves’ Orbitopathy (2015)

Purpose. To evaluate the effect of en bloc lateral wall decompression with additional orbital fat resection in terms of exophthalmos reduction and complications. Methods. A retrospective, noncomparative case series study from 1999 to 2011 (chart review) in Graves' orbitopathy (GO) patients. The standardized surgical technique involved removal of the lateral orbital wall including the orbital rim via a lid crease approach combined with additional orbital fat resection. Exophthalmos, diplopia, retrobulbar pressure sensation, and complications were analyzed pre- and postoperatively. Results. A total of 111 patients (164 orbits) with follow-up >3 months were analysed. Mean exophthalmos reduction was 3.05mm and preoperative orbital pressure sensation resolved or improved in all patients. Visual acuity improved significantly in patients undergoing surgery for rehabilitative or vision threatening purposes. Preoperative diplopia improved in 10 patients (9.0%) but worsened in 5 patients (4.5%), necessitating surgical correction in 3 patients. There were no significant complications; however, one patient had slight hollowing of the temporalis muscle around the scar that did not necessitate revision, and another patient with a circumscribed retraction of the scar itself underwent surgical correction. Conclusions. The study confirms the efficiency of en bloc lateral wall decompression in GO in a large series of patients, highlighting the low risk of disturbance of binocular functions and of cosmetic blemish in the temporal midface region.
Three distinct genotypes within Candida parapsilosis from clinical sources (1995)

Three genetically distinct groups of Candida parapsilosis were detected among clinical isolates. These were distinguishable on the basis of isoenzyme profiles and DNA sequences of internally transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences flanking the 5.8S RNA gene. In an investigation of 45 strains, including 32 clinical isolates from Texas, C. parapsilosis group I composed the majority of the common clinical isolates. The type strain of C. parapsilosis was a member of this group. The 10 group II isolates were indistinguishable from group I strains when tested with the API 20C kit. The two group III isolates differed from those in groups I and II by being D-xylitol positive by the API 20C kit; however, isolates in all groups assimilated D-xylitol from broth. Isoenzyme profiles excluded the close relationship of any of these groups to Lodderomyces elongisporus, which is a teleomorphic yeast that has a physiological profile similar to that of C. parapsilosis. Although there were insignificant differences in the ITS2 rDNA sequences, comparisons of the ITS1 sequences revealed several differences. A sequence analysis of ITS1 in which missing bases were counted as mismatches showed the following similarities: group I versus group II, 87.7%; group I versus group III, 82.1%; group II versus group III, 84.5%. Also, the activity of secreted proteinase showed differences among the three groups, with many group I isolates having moderate to high activity. The degree of susceptibility to antifungal agents, amphotericin B, ketoconazole, and 5-fluorocytosine, could not be used to determine an isolate's group.
Deletions of <i>CDKN2C</i> in Multiple Myeloma: Biological and Clinical Implications (2008)

Our results suggest that deletions of CDKN2C are important in the progression and clinical outcome of myeloma.
Hydrogen Stretching Vibrations at GaAs(110) and InP(110) Surfaces: An Electron Energy-Loss Fine Structure Study (1997)

Hydrogen stretching vibrations at GaAs(110) and Inp110) surfaces were investigated by high-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy (HREELS). With semi-insulating crystals, the linewidths were reduced such that the fine structure of the energy losses could be analysed. For Ga–H stretching modes, two components at 1830 and 1860 cm−1 (226.9 and 230.6 meV) are found after low exposure to atomic hydrogen. They may be explained by dipole–dipole interactions. Upon heavier hydrogenation at third substructure at 1907 cm−1 (236.5 meV) is observed. At H-covered Inp110) surfaces, the loss structure due to phosphorus–hydrogen stretching vibrations exhibits a double structure with components at 2260 and 2300 cm−1 (280.2 and 285.2 meV). The first is attributed to P–H monohydride and the second to P–H2 dihydride vibrations. The results indicate that Inp110) surfaces are disrupted even after small H exposures.
How is transgelin involved in the mechanism of breast cancer metastasis (2011)

The main challenge in breast cancer treatment is a metastatic disease. For estimation of the risk of metastatic disease, traditional prognostic factors like tumor size, tumor grade or lymph node status are currently used. However, the predictive value of these factors is not sufficient and there is an urgent need for new more reliable molecular markers with higher sensitivity and selectivity. Using a comparative proteomic approach, we identified transgelin as protein with increased expression in lymph-node positive low grade breast tumors compared to non-metastatic ones. This altered expression was further confirmed on transcriptional level using quantitative real-time PCR with absolute quantitation. Transgelin has been largely studied as an abundant protein of smooth muscle cells. With further development of proteomics and progress in the field of biomarker discovery, there is increasing number of studies in which altered expression of transgelin in tumor samples is described. Transgelin is thus, in all probability, involved in the process of tumor development. However, the results from the studies are often contradictory, even in the same tumor type and there are missing studies describing its function in these processes. With the aim to clarify the role of transgelin in breast cancer metastasis, we used a panel of breast cancer tissues with different characteristics and metastatic potential. Using siRNA silencing of transgelin expression, we characterized its effect on migration features of tumor cells. We also focused on the identification of protein-protein interactions of this protein using combination of pull-down approach with a quantitative proteomics based on stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell cultures (SILAC). The samples were measured on a high-resolution mass spectrometry instrument (Orbitrap Velos) and the data were evaluated using MaxQuant software. Our results contribute to understanding the complex field of breast cancer metastasis and indicate new directions of our further experiments.
Easy Chemo-Enzymatic Synthesis of Human Milk Trisaccharides from a Common Selectively Protected Lactose Building Block (2000)

Three glycosyllactosides, contained in the neutral fraction of human milk oligosaccharides, were synthesised in a simple and straightforward manner through a sequence based on a chemo-enzymatic approach. Lipase catalysed regioselective 6'-O-acylation of benzyl β-lactoside, followed by the introduction of an isopropylidene group and acetylation afforded, depending on the reaction conditions, compounds 4a and 4b, which allow selective access to positions 3, 3' and 6'. Glycosylation with proper donors gave trisaccharides 6, 9 and 12.
Non-local dielectric response of a polar solvent and Debye screening in ionic solution (1983)

The effect of spatial correlation in the solvent polarization fluctuations (‘solvent structure’) on the character of screening in an electrolyte solution is discussed. It is considerable when the typical wavenumbers of the solvent-permittivity spatial dispersion are comparable with the inverse Debye-screening length. The screening then is not described by a simple Debye exponent, in contrast to the results of Radić and Marčelja. Their conclusions concerning the effective enhancement of the Debye screening length is shown to be generally incorrect, being appropriate only in the limit of small ionic concentration, when the effect leads to a small correction to the normal Debye value.
Parallelization and performance of 3D ultrasound imaging beamforming algorithms on modern clusters (2002)

Recently there has been a lot of interest in improving the infrastructure used in medical applications. In particular, there is renewed interest on non-invasive, high-resolution diagnostic methods. One such method is digital, 3D ultrasound medical imaging. Current state-of-the-art ultrasound systems use specialized hardware for performing advanced processing of input data to improve the quality of the generated images. Such systems are limited in their capabilities by the underlying computing architecture and they tend to be expensive due to the specialized nature of the solutions they employ.Our goal in this work is twofold: (i) To understand the behavior of this class of emerging medical applications in order to provide an efficient parallel implementation and (ii) to introduce a new benchmark for parallel computer architectures from a novel and important class of applications. We address the limitations faced by modern ultrasound systems by investigating how all processing required by advanced beamforming algorithms can be performed on modern clusters of high-end PCs connected with low-latency, high-bandwidth system area networks. We investigate the computational characteristics of a state-of-the-art algorithm and demonstrate that today's commodity architectures are capable of providing almost-real-time performance without compromising image quality significantly.
Laboratory Evaluation of Some Malus Clones for Susceptibility to Girdling by Pine Voles1 (1980)

Abstract A laboratory tank test was devised to evaluate susceptibility of 1-year-old stems of 111 Malus cultivars and hybrids to damage from pine voles ( Microtus pinetorum Le Conte). This method allowed several clones to be tested at one time; provided the animals with a semi-natural environment in the laboratory; exposed each animal to all stems in the test; and required only small quantities of wood per clone. Cultivars displaying a high degree of resistance to pine vole gnawing included: Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. H15; M. sieboldii (Reg.) Rehd. zumi calocarpa; M. × sublobata (Zab.) Rehd. PI 286613; NY 11928 ( M. pumila niedzwetzkiana (Dieck) Schneid. × M. × atrosanguinea (Spaeth) Schneid.); M. × robusta (Carr.) Rehd. No. 5 (R5); and M. yunnanensis (Franch.) Schneid. ‘Vilmorin’. Families from R5 and PI 286613 crossed with M. pumila Mill, cultivars exhibited varying degrees of vole resistance.
Reactivity of the Acenaphthylene Dianion Towards Electrophiles (1999)

Abstract Dianions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can easily be prepared by dissolving the PAH and 2.2 eq. of sodium in THF and exposing the solution to ultrasonic vibration. Despite its small size, the dianion of acenaphthylene can be prepared quantitatively. Reaction with methyl iodide results in selective alkylation at position 5. Subsequent addition of water to the hydroanion gives protonation at position 1. Conversion to the acenaphthene skeleton can be effected by acid catalysis. Reversing the order of addition of alkyl halide and proton donor leads selectively to 1-methylacenaphthene. This makes it possible to substitute acenaphthylene selectively at positions 1 and 5, using two different electrophiles. Some electrophiles containing additional functional groups oxidized the dianion to acenaphthylene. Key Words: reductive alkylationdianionacenaphthylene
A modern plan for treating hypertension. (1988)

Essential hypertension is a heterogeneous spectrum of pathophysiologic disturbances, not a single entity. Identification and characterization of two different vasoconstrictor mechanisms--one renin-mediated, the other sodium-volume mediated--has made it possible not only to apply antihypertensive drug therapy on a more rational basis but to screen out a significant number of cases of curable (high-renin) renovascular disease as well as many cases of curable (low-renin) primary aldosteronism. An array of five major drug types makes long-term monotherapy for essential hypertension an achievable goal. Converting enzyme inhibitors and beta-blockers counteract the renin-mediated vasoconstriction; diuretics, calcium-channel antagonists, and alpha-blockers oppose the low-renin sodium-volume-mediated form of vasoconstriction. This information brings us closer to the primary goal of modern therapy: to give each patient the fewest drugs in the smallest amounts and with the least frequency possible for the often lifetime commitment that antihypertensive therapy involves.
Single-Incision Versus Multiport Laparoscopic Right and Hand-Assisted Left Colectomy: A Case-Matched Comparison (2011)

Single incision is equivalent to multiport laparoscopic colectomy with regard to safety and efficacy with smaller incision size and higher cosmetic scores. Operative times were equivalent, although a greater portion of the operation was performed by the attending surgeons in the single-incision group. Further prospective studies are warranted to evaluate the advantages of single-incision laparoscopic colectomy.
Vinblastine Effect on Nucleic Acids and Ribonuclease of Lymphoid Tissue. (1965)

The RNA concentration and ribonuclease activity in rat thymus were decreased by injection of vinblastine. The same results were noted in both the corticoid sensitive and resistant strains of mouse lymphosarcoma P1798. An apparent increase in DNA concentration was noted in rat thymus and corticoid-sensitive P1798. No change in DNA concentration was noted in the corti-coid-resistant tumor.