gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design Guidelines for the Shelf of Kitchen Furniture Adopted Large-sized Apartments - Focused on Stored Type, Volume & Store Place of Stored Items at Cooking Area - (2011)

This research is to suggest effective kitchen furniture design for 40, 50 pyeong-size apartment considering the quantity and volume, heights or length of stored items for cooking. The research candidates are purposive-sampled 30 households in Kangnam, Seoul. The observation shows that the volume of kitchen furniture is <TEX>$3.1{\sim}5.9m^3$</TEX> and of utility furniture is <TEX>$0.3{\sim}3.8m^3$</TEX>. For each households hold average of 886 kitchenwares, <TEX>$4.1m^3$</TEX>. Such were normally stored in the upper and lower storage and tall storage closet for a kitchen. Through the field studies and depth interviews, it is shown that there are 287 (33.2%), <TEX>$1.67m^3$</TEX> of the application for preparing food, certain knives, disposable products and food which is considered absolutely or comparatively hard to organize. Products that are very hard to organize are the small application for cooking, grouped kitchenware such as openers, the applications with long rod shape food, and detergent. There are 96 of such products, taking the volume of <TEX>$0.32m^3$</TEX>; thus, such products are considered to improve the kitchen furniture design. And the shelf of storage can the control 3cm hights according to result of this research.
Cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction is impaired in IGF-1 deficient mice (2001)

IGF-1 deficient mice show preservation of cardiac function 1 week after MI, despite an altered cardiac remodeling process.
Aspergillus infections: problems in diagnosis and treatment. (1996)

Invasive aspergillosis is a common infection in patients who are immunocompromised, particularly in oncology patients, patients receiving other immunosuppressive therapy, bone marrow transplant patients, and HIV-infected patients. The diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis is difficult in the absence of tissue biopsy and histologic confirmation. Therefore, the need for and progress in recent advances in the development of highly sensitive and specific serodiagnostic tests for the early diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis have been reviewed. Anti-Aspergillus antibody detection lacks the utility to lead to early diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. However, sensitive methods that detect significant amounts of Aspergillus antigen in body fluids, primarily serum, of high risk patients are currently being evaluated and may provide a noninvasive early diagnostic test that is both sensitive and specific. Our recent results with an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which detects small but significant amounts of Aspergillus antigen in serum, in 35 patients with invasive aspergillosis are discussed. Also, current antifungal agents with anti-Aspergillus activity that have the potential for use as therapy or prophylaxis are briefly reviewed.
Changes to information in working memory depend on distinct removal operations (2020)

Holding information in working memory is essential for cognition, but removing unwanted thoughts is equally important. Here we use multivariate pattern analyses of brain activity to demonstrate the successful manipulation and removal of information from working memory using different strategies including suppressing a specific thought, replacing a thought with a different one, and clearing the mind of all thought. These strategies are supported by distinct brain regions and have differential consequences for allowing new information to be encoded.
Early and late markers for the detection of early-onset neonatal sepsis. (2008)

IL-6 combined with PCT values is a fair way to evaluate EONS at the time of suspicion of infection. The "old" early marker, I/T ratio, is almost as efficient as IL-6. By combining an early and a late marker it may be possible to reduce the diagnostic "non-conclusive" period of paraclinic values.
Histone H3 and H3.3 Variants in the Protozoan Pathogens<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>and<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> (2003)

Histones constitute the fundamental component of chromatin and participate in the regulation of gene expression by virtue of covalent modifications to their N-terminal domains. The discovery that histone-modifying enzymes are targeted by the antiprotozoal agent apicidin has prompted further investigation of gene expression regulation in protozoan parasites; consequently, several chromatin remodeling homologues with unusual features have been isolated. To facilitate investigation of these chromatin remodeling homologues using parasite-specific substrates, we sought to clone and characterize histone H3 from two medically significant pathogens in the phylum Apicomplexa: Plasmodium falciparum (malaria) and Toxoplasma gondii (opportunistic pathogen of immunocompromised individuals). Like most eukaryotic organisms, these parasites each contain at least two histone H3 variants, termed H3 and H3.3. Sequence analysis reveals the Apicomplexan H3 proteins harbor novel and rare features. Expression and purification of recombinant H3 variants will provide species-specific substrate for the analysis of the histone-modifying machinery of these parasites.
The Preparation and Some Properties of Fibrinogen Precipitated from Human Plasma by Glycine. (1963)

SummaryA method was described for the preparation of fibrinogen with 98% thrombin clottable protein before, and 94% clottable protein after lyophilization. The fibrinogen was precipitated from citrated prothrombinfree plasma with glycine at 0.78 saturation. pH 6.1–6.3, 20°C and purified by reprecipitation with glycine. The biological trace contaminants were plasminogen, fibrin stabilizing factor and antihemophilic globulin; prothrombin and plasmin were not found. Although fibrinogen prepared by the glycine precipitation method was very pure by the criterion of clottability and its properties were similar to those of other fibrinogen preparations, moving boundary electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation nevertheless disclosed two components in different proportions. When fibrinogen was prepared by fully saturating plasma with glycine, a beta globulin, presumably cold insoluble globulin, was a major contaminant. The precipitation of fibrinogen from plasma between 0.75 and 2.0 m glycine followed the logarithmic solubility relationship of Cohn; the salting-out constant (Ks) was 0.68.
Glucose and cAMP regulate the L-type pyruvate kinase gene by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of the carbohydrate response element binding protein (2001)

Recently we purified and identified a previously uncharacterized transcription factor from rat liver binding to the carbohydrate responsive element of the L-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK) gene. This factor was named carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP). ChREBP, essential for L-PK gene transcription, is activated by high glucose and inhibited by cAMP. Here, we demonstrated that (i) nuclear localization signal and basic helix-loop-helix/leucine-zipper domains of ChREBP were essential for the transcription, and (ii) these domains were the targets of regulation by cAMP and glucose. Among three cAMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation sites, Ser(196) and Thr(666) were the target sites. Phosphorylation of the former resulted in inactivation of nuclear import, and that of the latter resulted in loss of the DNA-binding activity and L-PK transcription. On the other hand, glucose activated the nuclear import by dephosphorylation of Ser(196) in the cytoplasm and also stimulated the DNA-binding activity by dephosphorylation of Thr(666) in the nucleus. These results thus reveal mechanisms for regulation of ChREBP and the L-PK transcription by excess carbohydrate and cAMP.
A language and architecture for efficient blackboard systems (2002)

The authors present a low-level language for blackboard systems. They also present efficient blackboard activation and agenda maintenance mechanisms. The reason why RETE-like pattern-matching networks are not appropriate for blackboard systems is explained. Instead, activation demons provide an efficient mechanism for agenda maintenance. The results show a significant speedup in agenda maintenance and execution when using the new mechanism in the BB1 blackboard architecture.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
IMPACT: Image‐based physiological artifacts estimation and correction technique for functional MRI (2001)

Functional MRI (fMRI) signal variation induced by respiratory and cardiac motion affects the activation signal and limits the accuracy of analysis. Current physiological motion correction methods require either synchronization with external monitoring of respiration and heartbeat, specialized pulse sequence design, or k-space data. The IMage-based Physiological Artifacts estimation and Correction Technique (IMPACT), which is free from these constraints, is described. When images are acquired fast enough to sample physiological motion without aliasing, respiratory and cardiac signals can be directly estimated from magnitude images. Physiological artifacts are removed by reordering images according to the estimated respiratory and cardiac phases and then subtracting the Fourier-fitted variation from magnitude images. Compared with the k-space-based method, this method can efficiently and effectively reduce the overall signal fluctuation in the brain and increase the activated area. With this new technique, physiological artifacts can be reduced using traditional fMRI pulse sequences, and existing data can be corrected and reanalyzed without additional experiments.
Query evaluability in statistical databases (1990)

The evaluability of queries on a statistical database containing joinable tables connected by an intersection hypergraph is considered. A characterization of evaluable queries is given, which allows one to define polynomial-time procedures both for testing evaluability and for evaluating queries. These results are useful in designing an 'informed query system' for statistical databases which promotes an integrated use of stored information. Such a query system allows the user to formulate a query involving attributes from several joinable tables as if they were all contained in a single universal table.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Heteroepitaxy of Semiconductors: Theory, Growth, and Characterization (2007)

Heteroepitaxy has evolved rapidly in recent years. With each new wave of material/substrate combinations, our understanding of how to control crystal growth becomes more refined. Most books on the subject focus on a specific material or material family, narrowly explaining the processes and techniques appropriate for each. Surveying the principles common to all types of semiconductor materials, Heteroepitaxy of Semiconductors: Theory, Growth, and Characterization is the first comprehensive, fundamental introduction to the field. This book reflects our current understanding of nucleation, growth modes, relaxation of strained layers, and dislocation dynamics without emphasizing any particular material. Following an overview of the properties of semiconductors, the author introduces the important heteroepitaxial growth methods and provides a survey of semiconductor crystal surfaces, their structures, and nucleation. With this foundation, the book provides in-depth descriptions of mismatched heteroepitaxy and lattice strain relaxation, various characterization tools used to monitor and evaluate the growth process, and finally, defect engineering approaches. Numerous examples highlight the concepts while extensive micrographs, schematics of experimental setups, and graphs illustrate the discussion. Serving as a solid starting point for this rapidly evolving area, Heteroepitaxy of Semiconductors: Theory, Growth, and Characterization makes the principles of heteroepitaxy easily accessible to anyone preparing to enter the field.
Realization of an efficient design verification test used on a microinstruction controlled self test (2002)

A unified test (UT), which realizes an efficient design verification test (EDVT) based on a microinstruction-controlled self-test (MST), is described. The EDVT features large flexibility of test data supply and high observability of response data from the macroblock, including exact AC performance information. Any macroblock which is checked by using the MST receives its benefits. Since the EDVT fully utilizes microinstruction control logic, the hardware overhead is almost the same as that of the MST. For obtaining an effective UT, it is desirable that the MST be implemented by using the masked microinstruction scheme. The UT is useful for both design verification test in the development stage and go/no-go test in the manufacturing stage. The importance of the UT in complicated VLSI microprocessors is discussed, and the basic structure and a few significant applications of the UT are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF FREEZE-DRIED BONE GRAFTS (1955)

In the past four years, 125 freeze-dried homogenous bone-grafting procedures have been performed. In ninety-nine patients there was an adequate follow-up; there were eighty-four surgical successes and fifteen surgical failures. Upon analysis, six were listed as technical failures, and nine (9.2 per cent.) were classed as graft failures. The authors now use freeze-dried bone grafts regularly. The technique avoids additional incisions; the operative time is shortened; and select grafting material—either cancellous or cortical—is abundantly available. Experimental evidence that freeze-dried homogenous bone grafts heal at a slower rate than do autogenous grafts has not been clinically appreciable thus far. There is no clinical evidence of untoward immunological response. Central control, bacteriological standardization, long-term storage at room temperatures, and ease of shipment are significant advantages in the light of the needs of military surgery. The process can be advantageously used in large-scale cooperative civilian ventures. The freeze-drying process has the disadvantage of high initial cost in equipment, time, and technical personnel. The process is not practical for adoption by the average hospital.
A class of methods for solving nonlinear simultaneous equations (1965)

solution. The functions that require zeroing are real functions of real variables and it will be assumed that they are continuous and differentiable with respect to these variables. In many practical examples they are extremely complicated anld hence laborious to compute, an-d this fact has two important immediate consequences. The first is that it is impracticable to compute any derivative that may be required by the evaluation of the algebraic expression of this derivative. If derivatives are needed they must be obtained by differencing. The second is that during any iterative solution process the bulk of the computing time will be spent in evaluating the functions. Thus, the most efficient process will tenid to be that which requires the smallest number of function evaluations. This paper discusses certain modificatioins to Newton's method designed to reduce the number of function evaluations required. Results of various numerical experiments are given and conditions under which the modified versions are superior to the original are tentatively suggested.
Selbstdiffusion und Kernspin‐Gitter‐Relaxation von nahezu kugelförmigen Molekülen in der flüssigen Phase (1967)

Abstract Der Selbstdiffusionskoeffizient D und die longitudinale Kernspinrelaxationszeit T 1 der Protonen wurden in der flüssigen Phase zwischen Schmelzpunkt und Siedepunkt von Molekülen des Typs (CH 3 ) 4 X, mit X = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, (CH 3 ) 3 CX mit X = Cl, Br, J, OH, NO 2 , (CH 3 ) 3 SiX mit X = Cl, Br, Fund (CH 3 O) 4 X, mit X = Ge, Si mit Hilfe der Spin‐Echo‐Methode gemessen. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse der Messung des Selbstdiffusionskoeffizienten wurden mit der Theorie der Diffusion nach Cohen und Turnbull sowie mit der Theorie nach Longuet‐Higgins und Pople verglichen. Eine reduzierte Darstellung der Temperaturabhängigkeit des Selbstdiffusionskoeffizienten nach der zuletzt genannten Theorie zeigt den Einfluß der zwischenmolekularen Kräfte. Die Temperaturabhängigkeit der longitudinalen Relaxationszeit T 1 der Protonen steht in guter Übereinstimmung mit den aus den Selbstdiffusionskoeffizienten abgeleiteten Werten.
Derivate des Pyrogalloltrimethyläthers, III. Darstellung der Pentamethoxybenzoesäure (1963)

Abstract Die Einwirkung von OCH 3 ⊖ auf 2‐Brom‐tetramethoxy‐ und 2.6‐Dibrom‐trimethoxy‐benzoesäure ergibt Pentamethoxybenzoesäure; deren Decarboxylierung liefert Pentamethoxybenzol. Pentamethoxybenzaldehyd und weitere Derivate dieser Reihe wurden dargestellt.
Interactions between Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 Activation and Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Production in the Development of Ventilator-Induced Diaphragm Dysfunction (2019)

Cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) has been reported to be critical for infection-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and diaphragm dysfunction (DD). In the present study, we aim to investigate whether cPLA2 was involved in ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD). Our results showed that mechanical ventilation (MV) induced cPLA2 activation in the diaphragm with excessive mitochondrial ROS generation and muscle weakness. Specific inhibition of cPLA2 with CDIBA resulted in decreased mitochondrial ROS levels and improved diaphragm forces. In addition, mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoTEMPO attenuated ventilator-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and downregulated cPLA2 activation <i>in vivo</i>. Both CDIBA and MitoTEMPO were able to attenuate protein degradation, muscle atrophy, and weakness following prolonged MV. Furthermore, laser Doppler imaging showed that MV decreased diaphragm tissue perfusion and induced subsequent hypoxia. An <i>in vitro</i> study also demonstrated a positive association between cPLA2 activation and mitochondrial ROS generation in C2C12 cells cultured under hypoxic condition. Collectively, our study showed that cPLA2 activation positively interacts with mitochondrial ROS generation in the development of VIDD, and ventilator-induced diaphragm hypoxia serves as a possible contributor to this positive feedback loop.
Cadmium in sludges used as fertilizer (1986)

In intensively populated countries efficient sewage treatment is essential to protect river quality. An inevitable by-product is sewage sludge which has to be disposed of safely and economically. Utilisation of sludge as a fertilizer of agricultural land is the most economic disposal route for inland sewage-treatment works and also benefits farmers by providing a cheap manure. Much of the cadmium in wastewater is concentrated into sludge which consequently contains higher concentration of cadmium than soil does. It is impracticable to reduce cadmium concentrations in sludge below certain levels. When sludge is used on farmland rates of application must be controlled so that cadmium concentrations in soil never reach levels that could significantly contaminate food crops. Cadmium is a principal factor limiting the use of sludge on land. Nevertheless, it is a local problem since agricultural land in general receives more cadmium from aerial deposition and phosphatic fertilizers. The significance of accumulations of cadmium in soil depends mainly on its availability for crop uptake. Investigations are described which have attempted to identify and to determine the availability of forms of cadmium in soil. There is considerable research interest in cadmium in soil solution which is likely to be directly available for crop uptake. Another area of interest is the apparent disappearance of cadmium from sludge-treated soil. Soil analysis often cannot fully account for the cadmium added in sludge. Apart from the effect of soil conditions, especially pH value, crop uptake varies according to the particular crop examined. Highest concentrations of cadmium occur in tobacco, lettuce, spinach and other leafy vegetables. Using crop uptake data from field trials it is possible to relate potential human dietary intake of cadmium, on which hazard depends, to soil concentrations of cadmium, which can be controlled by regulating applications of sludge. This provides an objective basis for limits for cadmium concentrations in soils receiving sludge. Transfer of cadmium via farm animals to meat and dairy products for human consumption is thought to be minimal, even allowing for some direct ingestion of sludge-treated soil by the animals. Evidence from these and other investigations suggests that a loading rate limit of 5 kg Cd/ha (equivalent to a soil concentration of about 3.5 mg Cd/kg) affords adequate protection to the foodchain where sludge is used on agricultural land. More research work is needed to provide a basis for predicting the long-term availability of cadmium introduced to the soil in sludge.
Using the Geographical Location of Photos in Mobile Phones (2008)

Digital cameras in mobile phones have become very popular in the recent years, and it is common to have large photo collections stored in the phone. Organizing these photos on the phone is still a big problem though. This study explores different ways of utilizing the location of where the photos were taken to make it easier to manage a large photo collection. Several different positioning technologies that can be used to obtain the location of where a photo was taken are presented. Three of the application suggestions for using location information of photos were implemented as prototypes on the Android platform. Android is a new platform for mobile phones developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance, which has been made available as a preview release for developers. A part of this study was to investigate how suitable this platform is for developing location-based software. It was found that it is very suitable, although there still are some bugs and missing features that are expected to be fixed before the final release. The three application prototypes that were implemented were called “From Photo to Map”, “From Map to Photos” and “Who Lives Here?” The “From Photo to Map” application lets the user see a map where the location of a selected photo is visualized with a marker. The “From Map to Photos” application shows a map with markers at all of the locations where the user has taken photos. When one of the markers is selected, the photos taken at that location is shown. The “Who Lives Here?” application lets the user know which of the persons in his contact list that lives where the photo was taken. A small user survey showed that the participants thought all of the applications could be useful, but they were not so sure if they would use them themselves. The survey also showed that most of the users were able to find photos faster when using map-based browsing in the “From Map to Photos” application than when browsing through a photo collection linearly, but several concerns about the implementation details and the use of an emulator make the exact efficiency gain very uncertain.