gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated Circuits Based on Bilayer MoS (2012)

Two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), have been shown to exhibit excellent electrical and optical properties. The semiconducting nature of MoS2 allows it to overcome the shortcomings of zero-bandgap graphene, while still sharing many of graphene’s advantages for electronic and optoelectronic applications. Discrete electronic and optoelectronic components, such as field-effect transistors, sensors, and photodetectors made from few-layer MoS2 show promising performance as potential substitute of Si in conventional electronics and of organic and amorphous Si semiconductors in ubiquitous systems and display applications. An important next step is the fabrication of fully integrated multistage circuits and logic building blocks on MoS2 to demonstrate its capability for complex digital logic and high-frequency ac applications. This paper demonstrates an inverter, a NAND gate, a static random access memory, and a five-stage ring oscillator based on a direct-coupled transistor logic technology. The circuits comprise between 2 to 12 transistors seamlessly integrated side-by-side on a single sheet of bilayer MoS2. Both enhancement-mode and depletion-mode transistors were fabricated thanks to the use of gate metals with different work functions.
Study of immunological and virological parameters during thalidomide treatment of SIV‐infected cynomolgus monkeys (2000)

The potential therapeutic utility of thalidomide (Thd), an effective inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in vitro, was investigated in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) at 10 months after infection with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). Thd-treated macaques (n = 8) received an oral dose (10 mg) daily for 7 days, followed by a wash-out period of 5 weeks. A 2nd cycle of treatment was performed on the same animals at higher doses (20 mg Thd/day) for 14 days. The control monkeys (n = 7) received a placebo for the same period of time. In the present study, we show that Thd, in addition to inhibiting TNF-alpha production after in vitro mitogen stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), was able to restore the proliferative responses to SIV peptides in monkeys that were infected with SIV. Interestingly, we found that such effects are associated with an increased expression of CD28 cell surface receptors on CD4+ T-cells paralleled by a decrease on CD8+ T-cells. At the same time, significant reduction in either cell-associated viral load or plasma viral RNA was not observed among the SIV-infected monkeys during the two treatment cycles, when compared with the placebo group.
Synthesis of 4‐azatricyclo[4.3.1.1<sup>3,8</sup>] undecane (4‐azahomoadamantane) (1970)

Abstract Efficient routes for the synthesis of 4‐azahomoadamantane (V) via the Beckmann and Schmidt rearrangements are described. The lactam III is unusual in that it forms a stable crystalline hydrochloride IV.
Effect of Topical Liposomes Containing Paromomycin Sulfate in the Course of <i>Leishmania major</i> Infection in Susceptible BALB/c Mice (2009)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antileishmanial effects of topical liposomal paromomycin sulfate (PM) in Leishmania major-infected BALB/c mice. Liposomes containing 10 or 15% PM (Lip-PM-10 and Lip-PM-15, respectively) were prepared by the fusion method and were characterized for their size and encapsulation efficiency. The penetration of PM from the liposomal PM formulations (LPMFs) through and into skin was evaluated in vitro with Franz diffusion cells fitted with mouse skin at 37 degrees C for 8 h. The in vitro permeation data showed that almost 15% of the LPMFs applied penetrated the mouse skin, and the amount retained in the skin was about 60% for both formulations. The 50% effective doses of Lip-PM-10 and Lip-PM-15 against L. major promastigotes in culture were 65.32 and 59.73 microg/ml, respectively, and those against L. major amastigotes in macrophages were 24.64 and 26.44 microg/ml, respectively. Lip-PM-10 or Lip-PM-15 was used topically twice a day for 4 weeks to treat L. major lesions on BALB/c mice, and the results showed a significantly (P < 0.001) smaller lesion size in the mice in the treated groups than in the mice in the control group, which received either empty liposomes or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Eight weeks after the beginning of the treatment, every mouse treated with LPMFs was completely cured. The spleen parasite burden was significantly (P < 0.001) lower in mice treated with Lip-PM-10 or Lip-PM-15 than in mice treated with PBS or control liposomes, but no significant difference was seen between the two groups treated with either Lip-PM-10 or Lip-PM-15. The results suggest that topical liposomal PM may be useful for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Linewidth Optimization of Fourier Domain Mode-Locked Lasers (2010)

We theoretically and experimentally investigate the instantaneous linewidth of Fourier domain mode-locked lasers, yielding good agreement. Based on simulations, strategies are discussed to drastically reduce the laser linewidth.
Discrete cell model of pore‐mouth poisoning of fixed‐bed reactors (1983)

Abstract Catalyst deactivation in an isothermal fixed‐bed reactor under pore‐mouth poisoning conditions is investigated theoretically using a discrete mixing cell model. Two fundamental relationships which characterize the poisoning process in the reactor are identified and incorporated into the model to develop a simple graphical procedure for a quick, general insight into the problem. This graphical method is extended to design pellet impregnation profiles along the reactor which would give nondeteriorating reactor performance up to a given time. The effects of various system parameters on the lifetime and conversion performance of the reactor are also examined analytically, graphically and numerically.
Hind Limb Remote Preconditioning of the Liver: A Role for Nitric Oxide and HO-1 (2007)

Lai et al. have shown a reduction in liver warm ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) with four cycles of 10 min hind limb remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) (1). This beneficial effect was demonstrated in a model of partial lobar ischemia, which differs considerably from the global ischemia found in the clinical scenario in liver resection or transplantation. We have previously shown in a more clinically relevant model of total hepatic ischemia (2) and reperfusion that three cycles of 10 min hind limb RIPC is sufficient to reduce the adverse effects of total hepatic IRI on the liver, lungs, and the cardiovascular system (3, 4). Lai et al. have shown the induction of heme oxygenase-1 but have not demonstrated a mechanism for RIPC in their study and speculated the involvement of nitric oxide. We have shown that nitric oxide is an important modulator of the protective effect of RIPC on hepatic IRI. There was a significant increase in hepatic vein and systemic arterial plasma nitrate/nitrite levels (5) in animals that underwent hind limb RIPC before total hepatic IRI, and this was associated with an increase in total hepatic blood flow (Fig. 1A, B) (4).FIGURE 1.: (A) Peripheral arterial and hepatic vein nitrate and nitrite (NOx) and (B) total hepatic blood flow at the end of two-hour reperfusion is reduced in the IRI group. RIPC indicates remote ischemic preconditioning; IRI, ischemia reperfusion injury.Another interesting finding in the study by Lai et al. was an absence of an increase in heme oxygenase-1 expression in peripheral lymphocytes in animals that underwent RIPC before partial liver IRI (1). This would suggest another more stable humoral mediator such as adenosine, which induces nitric oxide in the liver (4) resulting in activation of signal pathways and further induction of heme oxygenase-1 (1). The involvement of a second mediator or a neurogenic path as shown in remote cardiac (6) and gastric (7) preconditioning warrants further investigation in liver RIPC. Establishing the key mediators of RIPC is essential to optimizing the therapeutic benefit to patients undergoing liver transplantation because the mechanism will dictate whether organ donors or recipients are the target for RIPC. Sanjeev Kanoria Alexander M. Seifalian HPB and Liver Transplant Unit University Department of Surgery Royal Free Hospital London, U.K. Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology University College London Hospitals Royal Free and University College Medical School London, U.K. Brian R. Davidson HPB and Liver Transplant Unit University Department of Surgery Royal Free Hospital London, U.K.
Abstract 5003: Association of Blood Lactate with Hypertension: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Carotid MRI Study (2008)

Background: The mechanism linking obesity with its downstream complications is poorly understood. Decreased aerobic capacity in obesity may play a central role in the development of hypertension. T...
Isariotins A–D, Alkaloids from the Insect Pathogenic Fungus <i>Isaria tenuipes</i> BCC 7831 (2007)

Isariotins A-D (1- 4), alkaloids possessing a unique bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane ring, were isolated from the insect pathogenic fungus Isaria tenuipes BCC 7831. The structures of these compounds were elucidated primarily by NMR and mass spectroscopic analyses.
PILOT-AND FULL-SCALE DEMONSTRATION OF ADVANCED MERCURY CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES FOR LIGNITE-FIRED POWER PLANTS (2004)

North Dakota lignite-fired power plants have shown a limited ability to control mercury emissions in currently installed electrostatic precipitators (ESPs), dry scrubbers, and wet scrubbers (1). This low level of control can be attributed to the high proportions of Hg{sup 0} present in the flue gas. Speciation of Hg in flue gases analyzed as part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) information collection request (ICR) for Hg data showed that Hg{sup 0} ranged from 56% to 96% and oxidized mercury ranged from 4% to 44%. The Hg emitted from power plants firing North Dakota lignites ranged from 45% to 91% of the total Hg, with the emitted Hg being greater than 85% elemental. The higher levels of oxidized mercury were only found in a fluidized-bed combustion system. Typically, the form of Hg in the pulverized and cyclone-fired units was dominated by Hg{sup 0} at greater than 85%, and the average amount of Hg{sup 0} emitted from North Dakota power plants was 6.7 lb/TBtu (1, 2). The overall objective of this Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) project is to develop and evaluate advanced and innovative concepts for controlling Hg emissions from North Dakota lignite-fired power plants by 50%-90% at costs of one-half to three-fourths of current estimated costs. The specific objectives are focused on determining the feasibility of the following technologies: Hg oxidation for increased Hg capture in wet and dry scrubbers, incorporation of additives and technologies that enhance Hg sorbent effectiveness in ESPs and baghouses, the use of amended silicates in lignite-derived flue gases for Hg capture, and the use of Hg adsorbents within a baghouse. The scientific approach to solving the problems associated with controlling Hg emissions from lignite-fired power plants involves conducting testing of the following processes and technologies that have shown promise on a bench, pilot, or field scale: (1) activated carbon injection (ACI) upstream of an ESP combined with sorbent enhancement, (2) Hg oxidation and control using wet and dry scrubbers, (3) enhanced oxidation at a full-scale power plant using tire-derived fuel (TDF) and oxidizing catalysts, and (4) testing of Hg control technologies in the Advanced Hybrid{trademark} filter insert.
Arteriographic Demonstration of External-Internal Carotid c Anastomosis Through the Ophthalmic Arteries (1954)

In arteriograms obtained months after carotid occlusion in the neck, it has been possible to demonstrate anastomosis between the internal and external carotid arteries by way of the ophthalmic artery. It is the purpose of the present paper to report 3 cases in which these anastomotic pathways have been demonstrated arteriographically following ligation of the internal carotid artery in the neck for intracranial aneurysms and 1 case following spontaneous thrombosis of the artery. In most cases, after ligation or thrombosis of the internal carotid artery, circulation in the ipsilateral hemisphere is established through the anastomotic channels of the circle of Willis. The study of that type of collateral circulation is not within the scope of this paper and will be the subject of a subsequent report. In the literature, references to collateral circulation through the ophthalmic artery are found in papers by Seaman, Page and German (6), by Torkildsen and Koppang (8), and by Denny-Brown (2). Each of these contributions refers to 1 case with this finding. All 3 patients suffered from spontaneous carotid thrombosis. Anatomy It is a known anatomical fact that small anastomotic branches exist between the external and the internal carotid arteries. Four groups of anastomotic vessels have been described (Fig. 1): (a) Branches of the superficial temporal artery anastomose with the lacrimal and palpebral branches of the ophthalmic artery. (b) The angular artery (terminal branch of the external maxillary artery) anastomoses with the inferior palpebral and the dorsonasal branch of the ophthalmic artery. (c) Orbital branches of the middle meningeal pass through the superior orbital fissure, or sometimes through separate canals in the greater wing of the sphenoid, and anastomose with the lacrimal or other branches of the ophthalmic artery. (d) The infra-orbital branch of the internal maxillary anastomoses with the dorsonasal branch of the ophthalmic artery. These anastomotic branches are small and normally contribute very little to the circulation of the brain. Shenkin, Harmel and Kety (7) reported that only 2.7 per cent of the blood in the internal jugular vein normally comes from extracerebral sources and asserted that in man the external carotid system does not participate in the blood supply of the brain. On the other hand, Dandy (1) has pointed out that reduction of the lumen of the internal carotid artery to one-half or less forces the collateral channels of the circle of Willis to enlarge and carry an additional load to the brain. It is reasonable to assume that similar enlargement of the anastomotic branches between the internal and external carotid systems by way of the ophthalmic artery may take place. Poppen (5) considers this a likely possibility.
InP based HBT millimeter-wave technology and circuit performance to 40 GHz (2002)

InP-based heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) millimeter-wave amplifiers and oscillators designed in a microstrip environment and working up to 40 GHz are discussed. A 20-40-GHz balanced high-intercept amplifier and a 30-GHz voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) have been successfully fabricated and tested. These circuits benchmark the first InP HBT microstrip designs at K-a-band frequencies. The high-intercept amplifier achieves a gain of 5 dB and an IP3 of 20 dBm at 35 GHz. The monolithic VCO uses a base emitter varactor diode to tune as high as 9% bandwidth from a nominal oscillation frequency of 30 GHz. The output power is invariant of VCO tuning and is about +9.9 dBm+or-0.5 dBm. The collector efficiency is 21%. The total power dissipation is 77 mW. These demonstration circuits show the great potential of HBTs in millimeter-wave communication systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ALongitudinal Evaluation ofBloodPressure inChildren (1979)

Bloodpressure levels obtained ontwoocca- sions, oneyearapart, wereevaluated among212children. Anoverall correlation of.65wasobtained forsystolic pres- sureand.43fordiastolic pressure. Theresults suggest that adult levels ofcorrelation arenotreached inchildhood and that screening programs mustconsider therelative lability ofchildren's measurements inestablishing referral criteria. (AmJPublic Health 69:1175-1177, 1979.)
Transmitter and Receiver Design for Multi-Level Modulation (2010)

Higher-order optical multilevel signaling is a key technique for future ultra-high speed signal transmission at 100 Gbit/s or beyond. In this paper, we review various multilevel transmitter and receiver designs realizing higher-order multilevel signaling with precise optical field modulation and demodulation capabilities.
BRIDGE Anti-Counterfeiting Problem Analysis Report (2007)

EU Forschungsbericht - Bestandsaufnahme des Ausmasses von Produktfalschungen und der Strategien von Falschern in verschiedenen Industrien
Synthesis of a C-phosphonate disaccharide as a potential inhibitor of peptidoglycan polymerization by transglycosylase (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of a C-phosphonate disaccharide as a potential inhibitor of peptidoglycan polymerization by transglycosylaseLei Qiao and John C. VederasCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 13, 3480–3482Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00065a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00065a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views554Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Immunosuppressant Deoxyspergualin Affests Mitochondrial Respiratory Function in Growing Cells. (2000)

The immunosuppressant deoxyspergualin
Experimental study of possibility of the 3-μm YLF-Er laser application for cornea ablation (1993)

Certain properties of the YLF-Er laser, operating in the 3 micrometers wavelength range, were investigated. The influence of the 3 (mu) free-running YLF-Er laser radiation on a rabbit's cornea was studied.
Rapid empirical calculation of the first (<i>n</i> or π) ionization potential of organic molecules (1993)

Abstract The first ionization potential of an organic molecule containing electrons in nonbonding or π‐type molecular orbitals can rapidly be calculated using parameters describing physical and chemical effects. These parameters include effective polarizability, resonance stabilization of a cation, π‐ and σ‐charges, and electronegativity and are directly calculated from the structure of the compound. Correlation analyses with the first ionization potentials were carried out on various data sets classified into five groups to cover a wide range of organic molecules. The equations thus obtained were integrated into a system that automatically calculates the ionization potential of an organic compound from a connection table as obtained by a graphic input program. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Structural Design of the MSX Spacecraft (1996)

he Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) spacecraft represents the largest structure ever assembled at the Applied Physics Laboratory. The design of the structure involves the application of conventional aluminum framework/honeycomb panel construction with composite materials technology to satisfy both the launch vehicle induced loads and the dimensional stability requirements of the optical sensors and instruments. The 1.59-m 2 by 4.11-m-long structure is divided into three discrete elements consisting of (1) an electronics section, which provides an interface to the Delta II launch vehicle and a mounting platform for instrument and spacecraft electronics; (2) a thermally stable graphite/epoxy composite truss structure for mounting the Spatial Infrared Imaging Telescope III (SPIRIT III) instrument and providing an interface between the instrument and electronics sections; and (3) a temperature-controlled instrument section with embedded heat pipes for mounting delicate sensors and instruments. The instrument section also provides a thermally stable mounting structure for the optical bench and the beacon receiver bench. This article describes the features of the MSX structural design, the structural analysis, and testing efforts associated with qualifying the design. A description of the efforts involved in the development of the graphite/epoxy composite optical bench and beacon receiver bench is also presented. T
Establishment of monoclonal antibody NI-58 which inhibits homotypic cell adhesion of LPS-stimulated U937 cells. (1993)

A mouse monoclonal IgG1 antibody, referred to as NI-58, has been produced. In immunofluorescence assay, this antibody reacted with myelomonocytes, EBV-B cells, Burkitt's lymphoma cells, T cell leukemia cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, but not with erythroid cells. The surface antigen on U937 cells recognized by NI-58 had a molecular size of 65 kDa as determined by immunoblotting analysis. As a biological function, NI-58 strongly inhibited the homotypic cell adhesion of LPS-stimulated U937 cells. It was found that the antigen defined by NI-58 was distinct from CD54 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1) in it's pattern of cellular expression and molecular weight, suggesting that NI-58 recognizes a new adhesion molecule and inhibits the homotypic cell adhesion of LPS-stimulated U937 cells.
Effect of calcium on the stability of the platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex. (1985)

Platelet membrane glycoproteins IIb and IIIa form a Ca2+-dependent heterodimer complex that contains binding sites for fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, and fibronectin following platelet stimulation. We have studied the effect of Ca2+ on the stability of the IIb-IIIa complex using a IIb-IIIa complex-specific monoclonal antibody A2A9 to detect the presence of the complexes. Soluble IIb and IIIa interacted with A2A9-Sepharose only in the presence of Ca2+ with 50% IIb-IIIa binding requiring 0.4 microM Ca2+. In contrast, at 25 degrees C 125I-A2A9 binding to intact unstimulated platelets suspended in buffers containing EDTA or ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid was independent of the presence of Ca2+. However, the effect of Ca2+ chelators on 125I-A2A9 binding varied with temperature. At 37 degrees C, 125I-A2A9 binding to intact platelets became Ca2+-dependent with 50% binding requiring 0.4 microM Ca2+. This effect of temperature was not due to a change in platelet membrane fluidity because enrichment or depletion of platelet membrane cholesterol did not influence antibody binding. But, 125I-A2A9 binding to intact platelets at 25 degrees C did become Ca2+-dependent when the pH was increased above 7.4. Thus, at 1 nM Ca2+ and 25 degrees C, 50% antibody binding occurred at pH 9.0. Our studies demonstrate that Ca2+-dependent IIb-IIIa complexes are present on unstimulated platelets and that the Ca2+ binding sites responsible for the stability of these complexes are located on the external platelet surface. Our experiments also suggest that changes in platelet cytosolic Ca2+ do not regulate the formation of IIb-IIIa complexes.