gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Critical Orifice Revisited: A Novel Low Pressure Drop Critical Orifice (1984)

The ability to maintain a constant air flow rate under varying load conditions is of basic importance in air sampling. Critical orifice flow devices are often used to accomplish this. A major disadvantage of most critical orifice designs is that a pressure drop in excess of 350 mm Hg (14 in. Hg) is required to ensure stable flow. It is possible, however, to design a flow restricting device which will function as a critical orifice at pressure drops significantly less than those required for conventional designs. Presented here is an inexpensive and convenient method for controlling flow in the range of 20-90 L/min. Pressure drop versus flow rate data demonstrate that a vacuum of 150 mm Hg (6 in. Hg) or less is required to reach critical flow conditions using this design. Thus the convenience of unattended constant flow rate control with a substantial reduction in vacuum pump capacity and cost is achieved.
Study of Viral Load as A Predictive Marker of the Evolution of HIV Type 2 Infection in Burkina Faso (2019)

Our study showed that the highest CD4 levels are observed in patients with undetectable viral load ( 10copies / mL). This established that the CD4 cell count and the plasma viral load value move in the opposite direction, and are two predictors of the evolution of HIV infection, and the virological and / or immunological response to HAART.
Optimal combinations of SCM characteristics and non-volatile cache algorithms for high-performance SCM/NAND flash hybrid SSD (2016)

In order to realize the high-performance solid-state drives (SSDs), SCM/NAND flash hybrid SSD has been proposed, which add Storage Class Memory (SCM) as a non-volatile cache to the NAND flash based SSD. This paper provides cache operation guidelines and the optimal SCM specifications for the hybrid SSD. Two algorithms, the hybrid SSD with 1) read-write cache and 2) write cache are discussed. SCMs are classified into two categories; memory-type SCM (M-SCM) and storage-type SCM (S-SCM). M-SCM is appropriate for hybrid SSD with write cache, while S-SCM is optimal for hybrid SSD with read-write cache. The impact of SCM read/write latency on the overall SSD performance is also analyzed. The required read/write latency of M-SCM and S-SCM are 0.1us/1us and 1us/3us, respectively to achieve 7-times higher performance compared with NAND flash based SSD. This means 10-times faster but one fourth smaller capacity M-SCM with write cache achieves the similar performance compared to S-SCM with read-write cache.
IGHV1-69-Encoded Antibodies Expressed in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia React with Malondialdehyde–Acetaldehyde Adduct, an Immunodominant Oxidation-Specific Epitope (2013)

The immunoglobulins expressed by chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells are highly restricted, suggesting they are selected for binding either self or foreign antigen. Of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable (IGHV) genes expressed in CLL, IGHV1-69 is the most common, and often is expressed with little or no somatic mutation, and restricted IGHD and IGHJ gene usage. We found that antibodies encoded by one particular IGHV1-69 subset, designated CLL69C, with the HCDR3 encoded by the IGHD3-3 gene in reading frame 2 and IGHJ6, specifically bound to oxidation-specific epitopes (OSE), which are products of enhanced lipid peroxidation and a major target of innate natural antibodies. Specifically, CLL69C bound immunodominant OSE adducts termed MAA (malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde-adducts), which are found on apoptotic cells, inflammatory tissues, and atherosclerotic lesions. It also reacted specifically with MAA-specific peptide mimotopes. Light chain shuffling indicated that non-stochastically paired L chain of IGLV3-9 contributes to the antigen binding of CLL69C. A nearly identical CLL69C Ig heavy chain was identified from an MAA-enriched umbilical cord phage displayed Fab library, and a derived Fab with the same HCDR3 rearrangement displayed identical MAA-binding properties. These data support the concept that OSE (MAA-epitopes), which are ubiquitous products of inflammation, may play a role in clonal selection and expansion of CLL B cells.
Final Report for the Quality of Service for Networks Laboratory Directed Research and Development Project (2001)

The recent unprecedented growth of global network (Internet) usage has created an ever-increasing amount of congestion. Telecommunication companies (Telco) and Internet Service Providers (ISP's), which provide access and distribution through the network, are increasingly more aware of the need to manage this growth. Congestion, if left unmanaged, will result in a degradation of the over-all network. These access and distribution networks currently lack formal mechanisms to select Quality of Service (QoS) attributes for data transport. Network services with a requirement for expediency or consistent amounts of bandwidth cannot function properly in a communication environment without the implementation of a QoS structure. This report describes and implements such a structure that results in the ability to identify, prioritize, and police critical application flows.
The neonatally thymectomized rat: a model for compensatory IgM antibody formation in exocrine secretions. (1979)

The effect of T-cell deprivation on IgM antibodies in saliva was studied in rats. IgM was never detected in salivas obtained from normal or sham-thymectomized rats, but was detected in saliva samples from 8/15 (53.3%) rats that had undergone neonatal thymectomy. All (6/6) neonatally thymectomized rats exhibited an IgM antibody response to DNP in salivary secretions after local immunization with a T-dependent antigen (DNPBGG), while no IgA anti-DNP activity was detected in saliva from these antimals. IgM antibodies were detected in saliva from 5/7 thymectomized rats following local injection with a T-independent antigen (DNP-Lys-Gicoll). This was accompanied by detectable but substantially reduced levels of secretory IgA antibody in saliva from 7/7 rats. The results suggested that absent or decreased salivary IgA responses accompanying T-cell deprivation in the rats are compensated for by secretion of IgM antibodies into the saliva. The neonatally thymectomized rat may thus provide a model for the study of synthesis, secretion and protective potential of exocrine IgM antibodies.
Does Spinal Instrumentation Influence the Healing Process of Posterolateral Spinal Fusion? (1999)

The current study's results demonstrated that spinal instrumentation creates a stable mechanical environment to enhance the early bone healing of spinal fusion.
Raman scattering and far infra-red absorption in neutron compacted silica (1970)

In vitreous silica, which has been compacted by irradiation with fast neutrons, the ultrasonic absorption, the excess heat capacity and the magnitude of the negative coefficient of thermal expansion decrease. In this work we report measurements of the far infra-red absorption and Raman scattering in such neutron compacted silica. These results are correlated with new measurements of ultrasonic absorption and thermal expansion in the same material. The results are consistent with an interpretation based on a decrease in the number of low-frequency modes.
Modelling queue sizes in an expedited forwarding DiffServ router with service differentiation (2009)

This paper studies a single-server non-preemptive priority queue with two traffic classes in order to model Expedited Forwarding Per-Hop Behaviour in the Differentiated Services (DiffServ) architecture. Generally, queueing models assume infinite queue capacity but in a DiffServ router the capacity for high priority traffic is typically small to prevent this traffic from monopolizing the output link and hence causing starvation of low-priority traffic. The presented model takes the exact (finite) high-priority queue capacity into account. Analytical formulas for the system content of each class are determined as well as the high-priority packet loss ratio. For each class, service of a packet takes a (different) general independent distribution. The issues this causes are resolved by using the spectral decomposition theorem. Numerical examples indicate the considerable impact of the finite capacity on the system performance.
Non-contact AFM (2012)

This special issue is focussed on high resolution non-contact atomic force microscopy (AFM). Non-contact atomic force microscopy was established approximately 15 years ago as a tool to image conducting and insulating surfaces with atomic resolution. Since 1998, an annual international conference has taken place, and although the proceedings of these conferences are a useful source of information, several key developments warrant devoting a special issue to this subject.
Endurance (ET), Resistance (RT), and Combined (CT) Training Increase Mixed Muscle Protein Synthesis Independently of Age (2012)

The effects of different modes of exercise on mixed muscle protein synthesis (MMPS) in young (Y) and older (O) adults are not fully understood. We determined the effects of ET, RT, and CT on MMPS in 33Y (25±1y) and 31O (70±1y) adults who were randomized to one of three 8wk interventions: (i) Control: no exercise, (ii) ET: cycling 1h @ 65% VO 2 peak, 5x/wk, (iii) RT: RT 4x/wk. After completing the control period, the controls completed an 8wk (iv) CT program (ET & RT). Subjects were studied at baseline and 48h following the last training bout. [ 13 C 6 ]Phe was infused for 8h, with serial v. lateralis biopsies. Isotopic enrichments (IE) were measured by LC/MS for free Phe from tissue fluid (TF) and from that incorporated into MMP. MMPS (%/h) = (ΔIE MMP )/(IE TF )/t*100. A rank sum test was used to test baseline differences between Y and O. 2‐way ANCOVA was used to test for differences between groups by treatment, with baseline values serving as the covariate. MMPS (%/h) tended to be higher in Y (0.060±0.003) compared to O (0.053±0.003) (P=0.06). ET [57%, P<0.0001], RT [21%, P=0.042] and CT [42%, P<0.0001] increased MMPS independently of age (P>0.4). The ET‐induced increase in MMPS was greater than the RT‐induced increase (P<0.05), although ET unlike RT does not increase muscle mass suggesting that muscle protein turnover was increased. In conclusion, ET, RT and CT were effective at increasing MMPS independently of age. R01AG09531, KL2RR024151
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Sn</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>centers and thermal motion of associated vacancies in KCl:Sn<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cl</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1976)

Exposure of KCl:Sn${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}$ crystals to x or $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays at 77 K results in the trapping of electrons by the ${\mathrm{Sn}}^{++}$ ions to form ${\mathrm{Sn}}^{+}$ centers and positive holes to form ${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, ${V}_{K}$ centers, as shown by EPR spectra. Three distinct and well-defined ${\mathrm{Sn}}^{+}$ centers have been observed. Each consists of an approximately linear ${(\mathrm{ClSnCl})}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ molecule ion with the molecular axis $z$ along 100>. The ${\mathrm{Sn}}^{+}$ center formed upon irradiation at 77 K has orthorhombic symmetry with $x$ and $y$ along 110>; this $\mathrm{Sn}\mathrm{Cl}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{\ensuremath{-}}[{v}_{+},(\mathrm{nnn})]$ has a positive-ion vacancy, ${v}_{+}$, in a nearest-neighbor (nn) position to ${\mathrm{Sn}}^{+}$ in the $xy$ plane. On warming to 190 K a second ${\mathrm{Sn}}^{+}$ center is formed which also has orthorhombic symmetry with $x$ and $y$ along 100>; this $\mathrm{Sn}\mathrm{Cl}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{\ensuremath{-}}[{v}_{+},(\mathrm{nnn})]$ has a ${v}_{+}$ in a next-nearest-neighbor (nnn) position in the $xy$ plane. Near 240 K the ${v}_{+}$ moves out of the neighborhood producing a third ${\mathrm{Sn}}^{+}$ center, an isolated Sn${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ with tetragonal symmetry, Sn${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$[tetrag]. The Sn${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ molecule ion has three principal optical transitions near 200 nm which are perturbed by the ${v}_{+}$. Both the energies and the polarizations of these transitions depend on the location of the ${v}_{+}$ with respect to the Sn${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$. Excitation of these transitions with polarized light produces preferentially oriented ${\mathrm{Sn}}^{+}$ centers. From the resulting anisotropic absorption spectra the $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ and $\ensuremath{\pi}$ character of the transitions were determined. Changes in the anisotropic absorption spectra have been studied to determine the temperatures at which the various disorientation and conversion processes occur, and the nature and activation energies of these processes. In particular the jumping pattern of the positive-ion vacancy in the neighborhood of the Sn${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ molecule ion has been established and the activation energies for these jumps have been estimated. The results show that in freshly quenched crystals at least 90% of the ${\mathrm{Sn}}^{++}$ ions have a ${v}_{+}$ in the nearest-neighbor position.
Atorvastatin induces autophagy in prostate cancer PC3 cells through activation of<i>LC3</i>transcription (2011)

Our previous studies have demonstrated that atorvastatin induces autophagy in the androgen receptor negative prostate cancer PC3 cells through inhibition of geranylgeranyl biosynthesis [Parikh et al., Prostate. 70(9): 971-981 (2010)]. This study attempts to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying atorvastatin-induced autophagy in PC3 cells. PC3 cells were treated with atorvastatin, in combination with the inhibitors for transcription, protein translation, PI-3 kinase, mTOR, and MAP kinases. The atorvastatin-induced elevation of LC3-II was inhibited by both the translational and the transcriptional inhibitors, suggesting that the inhibition of geranylgeranyl biosynthesis by atorvastatin activates transcription of LC3, which results in elevation of LC3-II and activation of autophagy. RT-PCR and quantitative PCR assays showed that atorvastatin enhanced expression of LC3 mRNA, and addition of geranylgeraniol along with atorvastatin to the medium eliminated the enhancement, confirming the activation of transcription of LC3 is caused by atorvastatin-mediated inhibition of geranylgeranyl biosynthesis. Further, we found that both the MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 and the JNK inhibitor SP600125, inhibited the atorvastatin-induced elevation of LC3-II, suggesting that the effect of atorvastatin on autophagy is mediated by the Erk and JNK pathways. Taken together, atorvastatin induces autophagy in prostate cancer PC3 cells through activation of LC3 transcription.
Optimal Control of Catalytic Methanol Conversion to Formaldehyde (2001)

An optimal control methodology is applied to find the heat and oxygen flux profiles, distributed along the length of a plug flow reactor, for the conversion of methanol to formaldehyde. The calculations use models for the gas-phase and catalytic [MoO3−Fe2(MoO4)3] reactions. The reactor designs show that a distributed heat flux improves formaldehyde yields, but an oxygen flux does not affect the results. Formaldehyde mass fractions of over 90% have been achieved in the simulations. The solutions obtained, although not proven to be globally optimal, are of very high quality. A fully nonlinear robustness analysis of the formaldehyde production with respect to the catalyst model variables is performed by the use of a high dimensional model representation. This representation is similar to the ANOVA decomposition used in statistics but does not require an increase in the number of data points as the dimensionality of the variable space increases. The most important variables are the catalyst surface area and the rate of formaldehyde desorption. The yield improvement from employing optimized fluxes is found to be robust to the catalytic model parameter values.
Long-term results of BVS implantation: a focus on safety and efficacy of the bioresorbable technology. (2016)

The everolimus eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) represents a novel technology and a novel paradigm for treatment of coronary artery disease, with the potential of improving the long-term clinical outcomes after complete bioresorption. The increasing amount of clinical data is adding in a gradual understanding of the appropriate implantation technique, but long-term results after BVS implantation are sparse. In addition, concern related to a possible increased rate of scaffold thrombosis has recently risen. The present article reviews the current status of knowledge on bioresorbable vascular scaffold from the preclinical phase and the first-in-man experience to the recently reported large randomized trials. Challenging subsets are discussed as well as possible factors impacting on the occurrence of thrombotic events, particularly focusing on clinical outcomes reported in the longest follow-ups currently available.
Middleware for Heterogeneous Sensor Networks in Urban Scenarios (2010)

We address the issue of self-adaptation of a sensor network with mobile sensors to better observe and track events of interest in an urban scenario. We present middleware called Event-driven Network Controller (ENC) that resides at every sensor node in the network and is independent of the sensor type. ENC translates the requirements of the application layer (focused on improving of the quality of the heterogeneous data fusion) into messages that are diffused throughout the wireless network with the intent of clustering heterogeneous sensor nodes in the vicinity of an event and dynamically changing the local network topology to meet the fusion needs of the cluster. ENC combines the cluster control and the resource management into a unified framework. We implement ENC in NS-2 and we show its applicability for localizing and tracking a mobile target in an urban scenario using a heterogeneous sensor network, formed by pressure, video, and magnetic sensors.
Identification of a Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate-binding Site in Chicken Skeletal Muscle α-Actinin (1996)

We previously reported that phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) dramatically increases the gelating activity of smooth muscle alpha-actinin (Fukami, K., Furuhashi, K., Inagaki, M., Endo, T., Hatano, S., and Takenawa, T. (1992) Nature 359, 150-152) and that the hydrolysis of PIP2 on alpha-actinin by tyrosine kinase activation may be important in cytoskeletal reorganization (Fukami, K., Endo, T., Imamura, M., and Takenawa, T. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 1518-1522). Here we report that a proteolytic fragment with lysylendopeptidase comprising amino acids 168-184 (TAPYRNVNIQNFHLSWK) from striated muscle alpha-actinin contains a PIP2-binding site. A synthetic peptide composed of the 17 amino acids remarkably inhibited the activities of phospholipase C (PLC)-gamma 1 and -delta 1. Furthermore, we detected an interaction between PIP2 and a bacterially expressed alpha-actinin fragment (amino acids 137-259) by PLC inhibition assay. Point mutants in which arginine 172 or lysine 184 of alpha-actinin were replaced by isoleucine reduced the inhibitory effect on PLC activity by nearly half. Direct interactions between PIP2 and the peptide (amino acids 168-184) or the bacterially expressed protein (amino acids 137-259) were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorvent assay. We also found this region homologous to the sequence of the PIP2-binding site in spectrin and the pleckstrin homology domains of PLC-delta 1 and Grb7. Synthetic peptides from the homologous regions in spectrin and PLC-delta 1 inhibited PLC activities. These results indicate that residues 168-184 comprise a binding site for PIP2 in alpha-actinin and that similar sequences found in spectrin and PLC-delta 1 may be involved in the interaction with PIP2.
An Autonomic System for Close Air Support (2009)

Close Air Support (CAS) planning in the past has been primarily a mission preplanning activity. Due to the types of military operations being conducted, the need for CAS is becoming harder to predict than in past operations. For immediate CAS requests, as many as 15 steps need to be followed, many of them using voice communication via radios in noisy environments. This often results in delays due to repeating of requests and misunderstandings. The proposed autonomic close air associate would allow for faster and more effective CAS operations with less fratricide and collateral damage. This unobtrusive associate is based on an autonomic aiding agent that provides links to other war fighters, information systems, and unmanned sensors and systems and provides a shared situational awareness between all parties involved in CAS.
CHURCH HISTORY (1964)

Journal Article CHURCH HISTORY Get access The Last Judgment in Protestant Theology from Orthodoxy to Ritschl. By JAMES P. MARTIN. Foreword by T. F. Torrance. Grand Rapids, Mich.: William B. Eerdmans, 1963. xvi + 214 pages. $4.00. MARTIN J. BUSS MARTIN J. BUSS Emory University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Volume XXXII, Issue 2, April 1964, Pages 160-b–162, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/XXXII.2.160-b Published: 01 April 1964
Direct measurement of kilo-tesla level magnetic field generated with laser-driven capacitor-coil target by proton deflectometry (2016)

A kilo-tesla level, quasi-static magnetic field (B-field), which is generated with an intense laser-driven capacitor-coil target, was measured by proton deflectometry with a proper plasma shielding. Proton deflectometry is a direct and reliable method to diagnose strong, mm3-scale laser-produced B-field; however, this was not successful in the previous experiment. A target-normal-sheath-accelerated proton beam is deflected by Lorentz force in the laser-produced magnetic field with the resulting deflection pattern recorded on a radiochromic film stack. A 610 ± 30 T of B-field amplitude was inferred by comparing the experimental proton pattern with Monte-Carlo calculations. The amplitude and temporal evolutions of the laser-generated B-field were also measured by a differential magnetic probe, independently confirming the proton deflectometry measurement results.
Total hip arthroplasty in inflammatory arthritis in patients under 35 years. A 7 to 19 year follow-up (2010)

Total hip arthroplasty in patients with inflammatory arthritis is compromised by the young age of patients at presentation, intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, steroid use and autoimmune diseases which negatively affect bone quality. This study evaluates the survival of total hip arthroplasties (THA) in 32 patients with inflammatory hip disease who were under the age of 35 at the index operation and on which 57 primary total hip arthroplasties were performed between 1989 and 2001. Polished straight tapered cemented stems were used in all 57 hips. There were 10 cemented and 47 uncemented cups. The average follow-up was 12.2 years (range 7-19). Forty-seven hips had more than 10 years follow-up. There were 3 revisions of cemented metal-backed cups for aseptic loosening at 11, 13 and 16 years post-operatively. No uncemented cups and no stems needed revision. Heterotopic ossifications occured in 3 hips with Brooker type-I ossification in 1 hip and Brooker type-II in 2 hips. Cemented polished tapered straight stems demonstrate excellent survival in young patients suffering from inflammatory arthritis.