gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pasteurization Requirements for Concentrated Whole Milk (1952)

Public health officials recently have been confronted with the problem of establishing pasteurization requirements for concentrated whole milk. The product is relatively new and no data pertaining to its pasteurization have been available. It might be assumed that the survival of bacteria in concentrated whole milk is similar to that in ice cream mix, because the two products are similar in solids content. However, the differences in the chemical composition and physical properties of the two products, especially as regards sucrose content, may cause a difference in pasteurization requirements. Fay (1) has presented evidence that increasing the concentration of sucrose or glucose increases the heat resistance of various bacteria, whereas lactose has no such effect. These observations, in addition to the consideration that excessive pasteurization exposures may damage the product, justify establishing pasteurization requirements for concentrated milk. It is critical, however, that the heat treatment applied be the minimum necessary to render it safe from the public health standpoint. Studies to provide such data were initiated in this laboratory at the request of the United States Public Health Service. EXPERIMENTAL Concentrated whole milk (3: 1) for these studies was furnished by companies currently processing the product in Chicago, Illinois, Washington, D. C., and Wilmington, Delaw.are. The samples were taken after condensing, but prior to pasteurization. They then were refrigerated and air-expressed to this laboratory. Upon arrival, observations were made on temperature, leakage, titratable acidity and organoleptic characteristics. Abnormal samples were discarded. Milk was obtained on seven different dates distributed' over a period of 2 too. All three companies were represented on four of the dates, two companies on one date and one company on each of the two remaining dates.
45 Feasibility of cardiac CT for detecting the optimum coronary sinus branch in cardiac resynchronized therapy (2005)

S u n d a y , 26 J u n e 2005 recurrence. VT/VF had been inducible in all pts with a recurrence, and MTWA had been positive or indeterminate in 9 of 10 pts, resulting in a high sensitivity (100% and 90%). However, PES and MTWA had been positive also in many pts without a recurrence, resulting in a low specificity (10%, 48%) and low positive predictive value (34%, 45%). Non-inducibility of VT/VF and absence of MTWA did have a high negative predictive value (100% and 91%).
Adsorption of C.I. Basic Blue 9 on chitosan-based materials (2008)

International audience
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Conformational Analyses of Some 3‐Amino‐2,5‐dioxo‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐1‐benzazepine Derivatives: X‐Ray Crystal Structure of 3S‐3‐(((1,1‐Dimethylethoxy)carbonyl)amino)‐2,5‐dioxo‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐1‐benzazepine. (1990)

Abstract The compound (IV) is synthesized in order to test its use as a conformational constraint of bioactive peptides.
CD66b Regulates Adhesion and Activation of Human Eosinophils (2007)

Eosinophils and their products are likely important in the pathophysiology of allergic diseases, such as bronchial asthma, and in host immunity to parasitic organisms. However, the mechanisms for proinflammatory mediator release by eosinophils are poorly understood. CD66b (CEACAM8, CGM6, NCA-95) is a single chain, GPI-anchored, highly glycosylated protein belonging to the carcinoembryonic Ag supergene family. CD66b is an activation marker for human granulocytes; however, its biological functions are largely unknown in eosinophils. We found that CD66b is highly expressed on the surface of human peripheral blood eosinophils isolated from healthy individuals. Engagement of CD66b, but not CD66a, by mAb or a natural ligand, galectin-3, activated a Src kinase family molecule, hemopoietic cell kinase (Hck), and induced cellular adhesion, superoxide production, and degranulation of eosinophils. CD66b molecules were localized in lipid rafts, and disruption of lipid rafts or removal of the GPI anchor inhibited the adhesion and activation of eosinophils. Importantly, CD66b was constitutively and physically associated with a beta2 integrin, CD11b, and cross-linking of CD66b induced a striking clustering of CD11b molecules. Thus, CD66b molecules are involved in regulating adhesion and activation of eosinophils, possibly through their localization in lipid rafts and interaction with other cell surface molecules, such as CD11b. Binding of exogenous or endogenous carbohydrate ligands(s) to CD66b may be important in the release of proinflammatory mediators by human eosinophils.
Resource Control for the EDCA Mechanism in Multi-Rate IEEE 802.11e Networks (2006)

We investigate the problem of efficient resource control for elastic traffic in IEEE 802.11e's enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) mechanism. Our approach considers an economic modelling framework based on congestion pricing that captures how various factors, such as the probability of attempting to transmit a frame, the use of the basic CSMA/CA or the RTS/CTS procedure, and the physical layer transmission rate, contribute to congestion. We discuss the application of the framework for achieving class-based throughput differentiation, for performing explicit congestion notification (ECN) marking based on the level of congestion in the wireless channel, and for modelling the performance of TCP congestion control over EDCA. In these application scenarios we discuss how to estimate the optimum minimum contention window and the congestion prices based on the 802.11e parameters and actual measurements, in order to achieve efficient channel utilization
Low-voltage CMOS four-quadrant analogue multiplierfor RF applications (1998)

A CMOS four-quadrant multiplier consisting of four MOS transistors operating in the saturation region is introduced. The circuit exploits the quadratic relation between the current and voltage of the MOS transistor in saturation. Simulation results show that, for a supply voltage of 1.2 V, multiplication can be performed at a frequency of 1.8 GHz, achieving better performances than a recently proposed similar architecture.
The constituents of Schizandra chinensis Baill. III. The structures of four new lignans, gomisin H and its derivatives, angeloyl-, tigloyl- and benzoyl-gomisin H. (1979)

Four new dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, angeloyl-(1), tigloyl-(2) and benzoyl-gomisin H (3) and gomisin H (4), were isolated from the fruits of Schizandra chinensis BAILL. (Schizandraceae). Their structures were elucidated by chemical and spectral techniques.
Hemimegalencephaly: Localized Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy In Vivo (1995)

Two children with hemimegalencephaly were examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and localized proton MR spectroscopy (MRS). In both cases, structural changes in the enlarged hemisphere included pachy- or polymicrogyria and gliosis of white matter. Associated metabolic disturbances included a dramatic reduction of glutamate and N-acetylaspartate (NAA) in white matter. Less severe or no alterations were noted in cortical gray matter, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. The older child (13 years) showed increased myoinositol in both gray and white matter as well as markedly increased choline-containing compounds in gray matter. Both children also had mildly decreased NAA levels in the white matter of the contralateral hemisphere. The spectroscopic findings indicate loss of vital neuroaxonal tissue and glial cell proliferation. Metabolic disturbances were more pronounced in the older child. The normal-appearing hemisphere was mildly affected in both cases.
Size Control of ZnS Nanoparticles by Electro-Spray Deposition Method (2012)

Zinc sulfide (ZnS) semiconductor nanoparticles were prepared by electro-spray deposition (ESD) method. ESD method is a particle preparation process via the spray pyrolysis route, in which droplets are generated at the nozzle tip in combination with the evaporation of the solvent in the droplets. We fabricated nanoparticles whose sizes were controlled to the single-digit nanometer scale through precise control of the applied voltage and nozzle tip diameter. We successfully obtained nanoparticles whose sizes were 9.7 nm on average and with 3.1 nm full-width half-maximum of the distribution after optimizing the nozzle tip diameter and the applied voltage. We also confirmed that the obtained nanoparticles had the wurtzite structure of ZnS, and the inside consisted of a single crystal phase according to the X-ray diffraction measurements and the high-resolution transmission electron microscope images.
Association of Aspirin Resistance With Increased Stroke Severity and Infarct Size (2012)

<h3>Objective</h3>To investigate the relationship between aspirin resistance and clinical and neuroimaging measures of stroke severity in acute stroke patients.<h3>Design</h3>Prospective single-center survey of acute ischemic stroke patients receiving aspirin therapy.<h3>Setting</h3>The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.<h3>Patients</h3>Ninety acute stroke patients who previously received aspirin therapy were enrolled.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Clinical stroke severity was measured using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and stroke infarct size was measured using the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS). Aspirin resistance was measured using the VerifyNow system.<h3>Results</h3>The mean (SD) age was 75 (9.9) years and 64.4% were male. The median NIHSS score and ASPECTS were 4 (interquartile range [IQR], 3-10) and 9 (IQR, 6-10), respectively. Aspirin resistance was detected in 28.9% (95% CI, 0.19 to 0.38) of all patients. The median aspirin reaction unit (ARU) was 486.0 (IQR, 432.3-557.0). Every 1-point increase in ARU was associated with a 0.03-point increase in NIHSS score (95% CI, 0.01 to 0.04; P < .001) and a 0.02-point decrease in ASPECTS (95% CI, −0.03 to −0.01; P < .001). This corresponded to an approximate median increase of 1 point in NIHSS score for every 33-point increase in ARU or a decrease of 1 point in ASPECTS for every 50-point increase in ARU.<h3>Conclusions</h3>Aspirin resistance is associated with increased clinical severity and stroke infarct volume in acute stroke patients. Our results support the need for a randomized controlled study to investigate alternative antiplatelet therapy in patients with aspirin resistance.
EFFECTS OF ORANGE JUICE pH ON SURVIVAL, UREASE ACTIVITY AND DNA PROFILES OF YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA AND YERSINIA PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS STORED AT 4C (2011)

The objective of this study was to determine the survival, growth rate and possible cellular adaptation mechanisms of Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. enterocolitica in orange juice under different pH conditions. Yersinia was inoculated in orange juice with adjusted pH levels of 3.9, 4.0, and 7.0 and stored at 4 C for 3, 24, 72 and 168 hours (h). The inter-and intra-species variation is significant to the pH and time of incubation variables (p<0.05). At 3.9 pH the CFU (colony forming units) count decreased significantly.At pH 3.9 and 4.0, Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis survived for at least 30 days and 15 days, respectively. Yersinia that survived under low pH in orange juice revealed enhanced urease activity within 12 h of incubation. The attachment gene (ail) could not be detected by PCR in Y. enterocolitica from undiluted sample incubated for 24 h or longer. Moreover, the FesI-restriction profile was altered when Y. pseudotuberculosis was stored at pH 4.0 orange juice for 7 days. These results indicate that Yersinia could survive and grow at low pH and the survival mechanisms could also enable the bacteria to survive the stomach pH barrier to cause enteric infection.
Adrenal and Renal Physiology, and Medical Renal Disease (2006)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult urology1 Aug 2006Adrenal and Renal Physiology, and Medical Renal Disease W. Scott McDougalM.D. W. Scott McDougalW. Scott McDougal More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2006.03.026AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Adrenal and Renal Physiology, and Medical Renal Disease." The Journal of Urology, 176(2), p. 606 © 2006 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 176Issue 2August 2006Page: 606 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2006 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information W. Scott McDougal More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Invasion Modeling Assists in the Formation Permeability Evaluation from Resistivity Profiles and Mudcake Thickness (2012)

Abstract An invaded zone forms when mud filters into a permeable formation during and after drilling. The mud filtration process is affected by mudcake buildup, well pressure overbalance, and mud properties. Mud invasion changes the spatial distribution of resistivity in the near-wellbore zone – data that could be estimated from inverting the results of resistivity logging data. Invasion simulation can be used to predict invasion depth, mudcake thickness, distribution of resistivity, and formation permeability. This paper presents an invasion simulation algorithm developed from the Buckley–Leverett filtration model, which takes into account mudcake buildup. This algorithm is used to calculate the near-wellbore water saturation and salinity distributions. These characteristics are used for resistivity profile calculations by an Archie-type equation. The main goal of this paper is to propose a method of mudcake data interpretation based on a mud filtrate invasion simulation algorithm. This method yields the mud filtrate volume, water saturation and salinity distribution. To verify the results, the values obtained were compared with the results of the induction log and laterolog inversion from several vertical wells. This approach increases the significance of the mudcake thickness data and illustrates the practicality of the joint interpretation of resistivity log data and the mudcake thickness (the former being highly sensitive to resistivity changes within the invaded zone). In addition, this paper suggests a technique for evaluating formation permeability from mudcake thickness. This technique is applicable if the mudcake was not damaged during the drilling operation. The algorithm was tested and verified by the log and core data obtained at several vertical wells.
Particle classification from light scattering with the scanning flow cytometer (1999)

The method based on analysis of native SFC traces shows better performance in particle classification than the method based on the particle refractive index and size map. The classification performance of the SFC will be useful, for example, for particle sorting and particle identification, and with additional fluorescent measurements may have applications in multiparameter particle-based immunoassay.
Extracting rules from fuzzy neural network by particle swarm optimisation (2002)

A four layer fuzzy neural network is presented to realise knowledge acquisition from input-output samples. The network parameters including the necessary membership functions of the input variables and the consequent parameters are tuned and identified using a modified particle swarm algorithm which uses each particle's best current performance of its neighbours to replace the best previous one and uses a non accumulative rate of change to replace the accumulative one for accelerating search procedure. The trained network is then pruned so that the general rules can be extracted and explained. The experimental results have shown that the similar classification rules can be obtained in comparison to that of other fuzzy neural approaches.
Control and Design Optimization of a Novel Hybrid Electric Powertrain System (2017)

Control and design optimization of hybrid electric powertrains is necessary to maximize the benefits of novel architectures. Previous studies have proposed multiple optimal and near-optimal control methods, approaches for design optimization, and ways to solve coupled design and control optimization problems for hybrid electric powertrains. This study presents control and design optimization of a novel hybrid electric powertrain architecture to evaluate its performance and potential using physics-based models for the electric machines, the battery and a near-optimal control, namely the equivalent consumption minimization strategy. Design optimization in this paper refers to optimizing the sizes of the powertrain components, i.e. electric machines, battery and final drive. The control and design optimization problem is formulated using nested approach with sequential quadratic programming as design optimization method. Metamodeling is applied to abstract the near-optimal powertrain control model to reduce the computational cost. Fuel economy, sizes of components, and consistency of city and highway fuel economy are reported to evaluate the performance of the powertrain designs. The results suggest an optimal powertrain design and control that grants good performance. The optimal design is shown to be robust and non-sensitive to slight component size changes when evaluated for the near-optimal control.
Role of endothelin in mechanisms of local blood pressure control. (1990)

A potent endothelium-derived vasoconstrictive peptide, endothelin (ET), is processed from a precursor, big endothelin, by an unknown converting enzyme. It stimulates calcium channels, phospholipase C and phospholipase A2 in smooth muscle cells through activation of the receptor specific for ET. The intracellular free calcium ion concentration is increased by ET, inducing vasoconstriction. The response to ET varies according to the type of blood vessel. Mesenteric small arteries and arterioles are sensitive to ET. It is likely that various factors, including adrenaline, angiotensin II and arginine vasopressin, induce synthesis and release of ET from the endothelium. A balance among ET, endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) may control vascular tone and regulate peripheral blood flow.
FaceTouch (2016)

We present FaceTouch, a mobile Virtual Reality (VR) headmounted display (HMD) that leverages the backside as a touch-sensitive surface. FaceTouch allows the user to point at and select virtual content inside their field-of-view by touching the corresponding location at the backside of the HMD utilizing their sense of proprioception. This allows for a rich interaction (e.g. gestures) in mobile and nomadic scenarios without having to carry additional accessories (e.g. gamepad). We built a prototype of FaceTouch and present interaction techniques and three example applications that leverage the FaceTouch design space.
Sense in the lumbar spine Is diminished with flexion (2007)

Proprioception plays an important role in appropriate sensation of spine position, movement and stability. Previous research has demonstrated that position sense error in the lumbar spine is increased in flexed postures. This study investigated the change in position sense as a function of altered trunk flexion and moment loading independently. Reposition sense of lumbar angle in seventeen subjects was assessed. Subjects were trained to assume specified lumbar angles using visual feedback. The ability of the subjects to reproduce this curvature without feedback was then assessed. This procedure was repeated for different torso flexion and moment loading conditions. These measurements demonstrated that position sense error increased significantly with the trunk flexion (40%, p<0.05) but did not increase with moment load (p=0.13). This increased error with flexion suggests a loss in the ability to appropriately sense and therefore control lumbar posture in flexed tasks. This loss in propriopcetive sense could lead to more variable lifting coordination and a loss in dynamic stability that could increase low back injury risk. This research suggests that it is advisable to avoid work in flexed postures.
A new second order model for Stirling machines (1983)

A more realistic analysis of Stirling machines, with respect to the classic and elegant one devised by Finkelstein, has to take into account first of all the actual characteristics of the working fluid, together with the cyclic real heat transfers, both external and regenerative. Following the scheme of the generalized adiabatic model, secondary effects such as aerodynamic flow losses and thermal effect have been evaluated in this paper which are herewith described.
Optical Fibers For Structural Sensing Applications (1989)

Understanding of critical variables in coating properties and fiber design will allow optimization of sensing and communication performance in structurally embedded applications. The severe environmental requirements for optical fibers in smart-skin applications requires advanced research and development in fiber/coating systems. Several approaches to high temperature, thin coating systems are discussed. Optical fiber sensing systems further require a wide range of ability to couple or de-couple external perturbations from propagation characteristics. The effects of coating physical properties, such as modulus and cross-link density on this coupling are investigated.
Elapid Snake Venom Analyses Show the Specificity of the Peptide Composition at the Level of Genera Naja and Notechis (2014)

Elapid snake venom is a highly valuable, but till now mainly unexplored, source of pharmacologically important peptides. We analyzed the peptide fractions with molecular masses up to 10 kDa of two elapid snake venoms-that of the African cobra, N. m. mossambica (genus Naja), and the Peninsula tiger snake, N. scutatus, from Kangaroo Island (genus Notechis). A combination of chromatographic methods was used to isolate the peptides, which were characterized by combining complimentary mass spectrometric techniques. Comparative analysis of the peptide compositions of two venoms showed specificity at the genus level. Three-finger (3-F) cytotoxins, bradykinin-potentiating peptides (BPPs) and a bradykinin inhibitor were isolated from the Naja venom. 3-F neurotoxins, Kunitz/basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI)-type inhibitors and a natriuretic peptide were identified in the N. venom. The inhibiting activity of the peptides was confirmed in vitro with a selected array of proteases. Cytotoxin 1 (P01467) from the Naja venom might be involved in the disturbance of cellular processes by inhibiting the cell 20S-proteasome. A high degree of similarity between BPPs from elapid and viperid snake venoms was observed, suggesting that these molecules play a key role in snake venoms and also indicating that these peptides were recruited into the snake venom prior to the evolutionary divergence of the snakes.
A frequency-drift estimator and its removal from modified Allan variance (2002)

A drift-rate estimator constructed from four values of the cumulative sum of clock residuals is shown to have good error performance in the presence of the five standard power-law noises. A comparison table of several drift estimators is given. The bias and variance (or equivalent degrees of freedom) of a modified Allan variance estimator incorporating drift, removal is calculated.