gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geometric jitter compensation in cone-beam CT through registration of directly and indirectly filtered projections (2012)

We present an iterative method for reducing the blurring and roughness artifacts in cone-beam CT reconstructions that are caused by unknown geometric jitter. Geometric uncertainties are estimated by registering directly and indirectly filtered projections. We assume that the jitter effects can be largely compensated for by a proper software translation of the detector within its plane. First results on simulated data indicate a noticable improvement of image quality where this assumption is fullfilled (backprojection mismatch (BPM) decreased by 82%), and also where it is not fulfilled (BPM decreased by 78%). The method is robust with respect to image noise and can also handle truncated data.
Objective evaluation of methods to track motion from clinical cardiac-gated tagged MRI without the use of a gold standard (2015)

Cardiac-gated MRI is widely used for the task of measuring parameters related to heart motion. More specifically, gated tagged MRI is the preferred modality to estimate local deformation (strain) and rotational motion (twist) of myocardial tissue. Many methods have been proposed to estimate cardiac motion from gated MRI sequences. However, when dealing with clinical data, evaluation of these methods is problematic due to the absence of gold-standards for cardiac motion. To overcome that, a linear regression scheme known as regression-without-truth (RWT) was proposed in the past. RWT uses priors to model the distribution of true values, thus enabling us to assess image-analysis algorithms without knowledge of the ground-truth. Furthermore, it allows one to rank methods by means of an objective figure-of-merit γ (i.e. precision). In this work we apply RWT to compare the performance of several gated MRI motion-tracking methods (e.g. non-rigid registration, feature based, harmonic phase) at the task of estimating myocardial strain and left-ventricle (LV) twist, from a population of 18 clinical human cardiac-gated tagged MRI studies.
Optimal polynomial-time interprocedural register allocation for high-level synthesis and ASIP design (2007)

Register allocation, in high-level synthesis and ASIP design, is the process of determining the number of registers to include in the resulting circuit or processor. The goal is to allocate the minimum number of registers such that no scalar variable is spilled to memory. Previously, an optimal polynomial-time algorithm for this problem has been presented for individual procedures represented in Static Single Assignment (SSA) Form. This result is now extended to complete programs (or sub-programs), as long as: (1) each procedure is represented in SSA Form; and (2) at every procedure call, all live variables are split at the call point. With this representation, it is possible to ensure that the interprocedural interference graph (IIG) is chordal, and can therefore be colored optimally in polynomial time. An optimal coloring of the IIG can be achieved by allocating registers for each procedure individually. Previous work has shown that optimal register allocation in SSA Form does not require an interference graph. Optimal interprocedural register allocation, therefore, is achieved without constructing an interference graph, giving the optimal algorithm a significant runtime advantage over prior sub-optimal heuristics.
Greenhouse (III): Gas-Exchange and Seed-to-Seed Experiments on the Russian Space Station MIR and Earth-grown, Ethylene-Treated Wheat Plants (2001)

The Mir Space Station provided an outstanding opportunity to study long-term plant responses when exposed to a microgravity environment. Furthermore, if plants can be grown to maturity in a microgravity environment, they might be used in future bioregenerative life-support systems (BLSS). The primary objective of the Greenhouse experiment onboard Mir was to grow Super Dwarf and Apogee wheat through complete life cycles in microgravity; i.e., from seed-to-seed-to-seed. Additional objectives were to study chemical, biochemical, and structural changes in plant tissues as well as photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration (evaporation of water from plants). Another major objective was to evaluate the suitability clothe facilities on Mir for advanced research with plants. The Greenhouse experiment was conducted in the Russian/Bulgarian plant growth chamber, the Svet, to which the United States added instrumentation systems to monitor changes in CO2 and water vapor caused by the plants (with four infrared gas analyzers monitoring air entering and leaving two small plastic chambers). In addition, the US instrumentation also monitored O2; air, leaf (IR), cabin pressure; photon flux; and substrate temperature and substrate moisture (16 probes in the root module). Facility modifications were first performed during the summer of 1995 during Mir 19, which began after STS-72 left Mir. Plant development was monitored by daily observations and some photographs.
Enabling user-tailored MMS delivery in heterogeneous access scenarios (2003)

Tailoring services and applications to the user's needs and environment is becoming an important feature to support in future mobile services. New techniques and functionalities need to be deployed to enable such features. Recently, multimedia messaging is evolving to be a major service to be supported in wireless networks. However today, multimedia messages are limitedly adapted in their delivery with respect to the user preferences and the current context the user is in, including the access network the user is currently using. In this paper, we outline scenarios that motivate the need for more sophisticated adaptation means that is particularly suit heterogeneous access scenarios. We propose an architecture and the specific information to be used in order to enable tailored delivery of multimedia messages.
A mobile peer‐to‐peer approach for multimedia content sharing using 3G/WLAN dual mode channels (2005)

Abstract This paper provides a scheme to reduce the cost to distribute multimedia content to a set of nearby mobile peers, which we call chums. One peer, called the proxy, downloads multimedia content via a telecommunication link, and distributes it (which we call chumcast) to the ad hoc network formed from the set of nearby peers. Each peer in the ad hoc network takes turns serving as a proxy. Every peer is associated with a server that resides in the internet. The server for the proxy, called the active server, manages peer information, schedules the next proxy, selects a set of rebroadcasting peers, and detects partitioning of the ad hoc network. With support from the servers in the internet, peers receive benefits of reduced telecommunication bandwidth, computation power, as well as several security features. Simulation results show that 80% of the telecommunication cost is saved with as few as six peers. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevention of penicillin-induced lysis of Staphylococcus aureus by cellular lipoteichoic acid. (1979)

The lysis of Staphylococcus aureus FDA 209P induced by benzylpenicillin was completely inhibited by cellular lipoteichoic acid isolated from an homologous organism. The cells prevented from penicillin-induced lysis were in static state and did not lose viability. The lipoteichoic acid inhibited either extracellular autolysin activity in culture supernatant or autolysis of whole cells in exponential phase of S. aureus. These results indicate that the prevention of penicillin-induced lysis of S. aureus by the lipoteichoic acid was brought about by the inhibition of autolytic activity of the organism.
Eine neue Nanofaser-Matrix für den kornealen Gewebeersatz (2014)

A tissue-like scaffold mimicking the human stroma could be developed. The results indicate that PGS/PCL scaffolds could be considered as ideal candidates for corneal tissue engineering as they are biocompatible in contact to corneal endothelial cells and blood cells.
General discussion (1950)

D. A. Dowden, U. R. Evans, G.-M. Schwab, W. E. Garner, G. C. A. Schuit, R. H. Griffith, E. R. S. Winter, H. de Bruijn, P. H. Given, J. Weiss, A. G. Oblad, D. D. Eley, A. G. Evans, H. E. Ries, J. S. Melik, M. F. L. Johnson, J. K. Dixon, J. S. Anderson, P. W. Selwood and N. W. Luft, Discuss. Faraday Soc., 1950, 8, 296 DOI: 10.1039/DF9500800296
Presentation Attack Detection for Smartphone Based Fingerphoto Recognition Using Second Order Local Structures (2018)

Fingerprint recognition on smartphone provides a good alternative over traditional security measures such as lock-patterns and pin. However, such fingerprint systems have some inherent problems such as the fact that user will leave their latent fingerprint on the sensor, and the limited sensor area. Additionally, fingerprint sensors impact on the cost and form factor of the device. Hence, in literature, the camera based approaches such as fingerphoto recognition systems got the attention of many researchers and manufacturers. However, such systems are highly vulnerable to presentation attacks such as photo-prints, display and replay attacks. To countermeasure these attacks, we propose a robust presentation attack detection scheme based on the features extracted from the maximum response images obtained from the convolution of second order Gaussian derivatives and the input images at multiple scales. The proposed scheme has achieved the detection performance of BPCER of 1.8%, 0.0% and 0.66% at APCER=10% for the presentation attack instrument species i.e., print-photo, display and replay attacks respectively.
A new concept for intraoperative matching of 3D ultrasound and CT. (2001)

Matching of ultrasound images with CT or MRI scans is an awkward and unsatisfactory task when using conventional methods. Wide ranging differences in modality of ultrasound and CT/MRI require new techniques to be explored for successful alignment. Ultrasound images characteristically show comparable high noise ratio due to scattering inside the region of interest and the surrounding area. Additionally, shadowing and tissue dependent echo response time produce geometric artifacts. These image distortions are sophisticated to recover. Though image quality and geometric relationship are poor, ultrasound images show the potential for fast, low-cost, non-invasive and flexible image acquisition, predestinated for intraoperative application. The fusion of intraoperative ultrasound and preoperatively acquired CT/MRI images provides both, geometric invariance and flexible fast image acquisition, merging in a powerful tool for augmented three dimensional reality. In this paper we describe a completely new concept for alignment with abstaining from direct rigid or elastic matching of ultrasound to CT/MRI. Instead of placing those images in direct relationship, our approach involves a simulation of ultrasound wave behavior in order to predict B-mode images.
ChemInform Abstract: Halochromic Molecules. Part 9. Substituted 6,11‐Dihydrospiro((1)benzopyrano(4,3‐b)indol‐6,9′‐9′H‐xanthene)‐2′,6′‐diamines and Their Aza Analogues: New Chromogenes for Black Images. (1990)

Abstract A series of ca. 20 members of the title compounds such as (III) and (IV) are prepared using a known one‐pot procedure as shown for (III).
Insights into the physics and chemistry of chalcogenides obtained from x-ray absorption spectroscopy (2017)

In this review, after a brief description of the underlying principles of x-ray absorption spectroscopy, we describe the results that enable one to obtain fundamental new insights into the rich physics and chemistry of chalcogenides. We start with chalcogenide glasses taking the readers from the structure of amorphous selenium and confined single Se chains and carry on to photo-induced structural changes. We subsequently describe application of EXAFS to monolayers of transition-metal dichalcogenides. The review is concluded by the results that were seminal to understand the phase-transition mechanism in so-called phase-change alloys that are widely used in optical and non-volatile memory devices. We place special accent on the conclusions that were only possible to draw based on the local nature of x-ray absorption spectroscopy.
Effects of Chemical Composition in the Specified Range on Continuous Cooling Transformation Behaviors of 0.6% C.ENi-Cr-Mo Steel (1963)

Continuous cooling transformation diagrams were determined for five steels selected from the same grade, 0.6% C.ENi-Cr-Mo steel. It was revealed that small variations in chemical composition within the specified range of the steel resulted in an appreciable difference in transformation behaviors. Transformation behaviors of the steels were expressed or compared quantitatively in terms of important characteristic values capable of representing CCT diagrams. Various empirical relations were presented which enabled us to predict continuous cooling transformation behaviors of the steels from their chemical composition and grain size. Critical cooling rates for various amounts of bainite formation were correlated to “the ideal critical diameter” which was calculable from chemical composition and grain size of steel. Critical cooling rates for various amounts of pearlite were shown to be evaluated from the C content of steel. Interrelationships among various critical cooling rates (corresponding to various amounts of transformation) were shown for bainite and pearlite transformations.Hardness of as-continuously-cooled and as-cooled-and-tempered specimens was determined as a function of cooling rate on continuous cooling, and it was correlated to the constitution of microstructure. The relation of the amount of transformation product (bainite or pearlite) to the dilatometric expansion due to transformation was also investigated.
Auto-focusing motor control and image processing of the somatic cell test system (2008)

Somatic cell have a key effect on the quality of milk. A test instrument has been developed, it can rapidly and accurately test the quantity of somatic cell for milk. Based on the analysis of milk adhesion behavior, the test system can complete a series of complicated work, such as auto-focusing and image processing. Auto-focusing is an integrated of the grayness and Laplacian operator integration. Image processing includes automatically feeding films, classification, edge identification, image collecting and processing. The results of experiments have showed that the test system can satisfy the need of milk somatic cell test, and it has characteristics of automation and high testing precision.
Human perception of apparent direction and movement of aircraft noise (1974)

NASA Langley Research Center is developing an Aircraft Noise Reduction Laboratory which will, among other things, have the capability of simulating both indoor and outdoor home-like settings which provide visual and auditory realism. Although visual realism is easily understood, there was some question as to just what constitutes auditory realism. While it is clear that loudness changes, spectrum changes, and Doppler shifts are easily perceived by people in their homes, it is not so clear just what is perceived in regard to apparent motion and direction of real aircraft flying overhead or off to the side. In order to resolve this question, a study was conducted in which subjects, both indoors and outdoors, made judgments of apparent direction and movement of various large and small aircraft which were flown a number of times over the house in which the subjects were located. Results of this study will be discussed.
Intersubband absorption in annealed InAs/GaAs quantum dots: a case for polarization-sensitive infrared detection (2003)

We have studied the characteristics of intersubband absorption of polarized infrared (IR) radiation in as-grown and annealed self-organized InAs/GaAs quantum dots. It is observed that with the increase of annealing time and temperature, the dots tend to flatten and behave more like quantum wells. As a result, their sensitivity to TE (in-plane)-polarized light decreases and that to TM (out-of-plane)-polarized light increases. The effect could be utilized for the realization of polarization-sensitive IR detectors.
ChemInform Abstract: The Most Convenient Method for the Preparation of Aliphatic Cryptands. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
LOW COST PRODUCTION OF CARBON FIBERS FROM LIGNIN MATERIALS (2009)

The DOE Vehicle Technologies-funded work at ORNL is directed to the development of processes for the low cost production of carbon fibers. The objective of the project is to develop more energy-efficient, cost-effective processes for production of carbon fibers for use in composite materials for vehicles, which would substantially reduce vehicle weight, increase vehicle fuel economy, and result in lower CO2 emissions. Carbon fibers have the potential for substantial weight saving in vehicles because of their remarkable high strength, high modulus, and low density. However, carbon fibers are currently too expensive for large scale automotive use, which necessitates a large reduction in the cost of commercial grade fiber from about $20/lb to $5-7/lb. Lignin, a renewable resource material, has significant potential as a precursor material for low cost carbon fiber production. In this paper we report on progress to demonstrate the melt-spinning of precursor fibers from various lignin sources, the subsequent processing of the lignin precursor fibers into carbon fibers, and carbon fiber properties.
Response to Treatment and Disease Progression Linked to CD4<sup>+</sup>T Cell Surface CC Chemokine Receptor 5 Density in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vertical Infection (2002)

The factors governing interindividual variability in disease progression among children vertically infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) remain unclear. Because it has recently been shown in infected adults that the density of CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) molecules at the surface of nonactivated (human leukocyte antigen [HLA]-DR(-)) CD4+ T cells correlates with disease progression, the same correlation was sought in children. HLA-DR(-)CD4+ T cell surface CCR5 density was constant over time and correlated with the bioclinical stage and with the CD4 cell slope observed before antiretroviral treatment. In addition, CCR5 density was negatively correlated with the intensity of the decrease in viremia during antiretroviral therapy and was positively correlated with CD4 cell slope since birth. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that CCR5 density is a key factor governing disease progression in pediatric HIV-1 infection and, thereby, an indicator of prognosis. Moreover, they suggest that therapies aimed at reducing CCR5 accessibility should slow down HIV disease evolution in children.
Measurement of GPV Released by Activated Platelets Using a Sensitive Immunocapture ELISA – Its Use to Follow Platelet Storage in Transfusion (1999)

Thrombin, the most potent platelet agonist, plays a central role in haemostasis and in the occurrence of thrombotic events. This agonist activates platelets by cleaving the PAR G-protein coupled receptors and by binding to glycoprotein (GP) Ib and also cleaves GPV at the platelet surface to liberate the soluble 69 kDa fragment GPVf1. Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to GPV were developed as tools to study the mechanism of platelet GPV cleavage and measure release of GPV in pathological situations. Specificity of the MoAbs for GPV was confirmed by flow cytometry and immunoprecipitation of proteins from human platelets and Dami megakaryocytic cells. A sensitive immunocapture sandwich ELISA for soluble GPV was developed using two MoAbs recognizing different epitopes of GPV and purified platelet or recombinant GPV as reference protein. This ELISA was employed to determine the mean plasma concentration of GPV in 100 normal individuals (17.3 ng/ml), to demonstrate the dose-dependent release of GPVf1 from washed platelets stimulated with thrombin and to follow the progressive release of GPVf1 during storage of therapeutic platelet concentrates. The present report describes a sensitive GPV ELISA of direct application to survey the processing and storage of platelet concentrates for transfusion and of potential value to monitor platelet activation in thrombotic states.
BENCHOP – The BENCHmarking project in option pricing (2015)

The aim of the BENCHOP project is to provide the finance community with a common suite of benchmark problems for option pricing. We provide a detailed description of the six benchmark problems together with methods to compute reference solutions. We have implemented fifteen different numerical methods for these problems, and compare their relative performance. All implementations are available on line and can be used for future development and comparisons
Posttransplant sCD30 as a Predictor of Kidney Graft Outcome (2011)

Our data suggest that posttransplant measurement of sCD30 on day 30 is a predictor of subsequent graft loss in kidney transplant recipients and that sCD30 may potentially serve as an indicator for adjustment of immunosuppressive medication.
Evidence for Elastic Disorder in the Elastically Ordered Phase of KCN (1981)

We have obtained evidence from $^{13}\mathrm{C}$ NMR measurements that the C${\mathrm{N}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ion in the elastically ordered phase of KCN is misoriented slightly with respect to the orthorhombic $b$ axis. This misorientation varies randomly over the lattice, averaging to zero on a macroscopic scale. The misorientations are manifested through small-angle C${\mathrm{N}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ reorientations which contribute to the spin-lattice relaxation time ${T}_{1}$ of the $^{13}\mathrm{C}$ nuclei, via dipolar interactions and chemical shift anisotropy.
Comment on “Variations in northern vegetation activity inferred from satellite data of vegetation index during 1981–1999” by L. Zhou et al. (2002)

[1] A recent study [Zhou et al., 2001] connected the increased greening of the Northern Hemisphere, which has been observed by satellites, primarily to an increase of the surface temperature. However, when both the temperature and the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration are taken into account in a statistical analysis, the observed greening can be explained to a great extent. [2] The greenness index measured by satellites and corresponding values of the mean surface temperature annual deviation (T, °C) from the mean value for the period for Eurasia 1981–1999 was presented by Zhou et al. [2001]. The authors connected the observed increasing greening of the Northern Hemisphere primarily to the observed temperature increase. [5] The correlation is now higher. The carbon dioxide concentration is able to explain the long-term trend but not the interannual variability of greenness; see Figure 1. [7] This statistical explanation of greenness is now excellent (see Figure 1) as temperature explains the interannual variability and carbon dioxide explains the long-term trend. Carbon dioxide explains twice as much of the change of greenness than temperature. [8] In the regression -–(3), all independent variables are statistically significant on a significance level of p = 0.001. In equation (3) the partial F-values are 24 for temperature and 57 for carbon dioxide. [9] For North America the influence of carbon dioxide on greenness was a little smaller than for Eurasia, but both temperature and carbon dioxide were statistically significant explainers for the greening of North America too.