gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Light scattering studies of supercoiled and nicked DNA (1996)

Static and dynamic light scattering measurements were made of solutions of pGem1a plasmids (3730 base pairs) in the relaxed circular (nicked) and supercoiled forms. The static structure factor and the spectrum of decay modes in the autocorrelation function were examined in order to determine the salient differences between the behaviors of nicked DNA and supercoiled DNA. The concentrations studied are within the dilute regime, which is to say that the structure and dynamics of an isolated DNA molecule were probed. Static light scattering measurements yielded estimates for the molecular weight M, second virial coefficient A2, and radius of gyration RG. For the nicked DNA, M = (2.8 ± 0.4) × 106g/mol, A2 = (0.9 ± 0.2) × 10−3 mol cm3/g2, and RG = 90 ± 3 nm were obtained. For the supercoiled DNA, M = (2.5 ± 0.4) × 106 g/mol, A2 = (1.2 ± 0.2) × 10−3 mol cm3/g2, and RG = 82 ± 2.5 nm were obtained. The static structure factors for the nicked and supercoiled DNA were found to superpose when they were scaled by the radius of gyration. The intrinsic stiffness of DNA was evident in the static light scattering data. Homodyne intensity autocorrelation functions were collected for both DNAs at several angles, or scattering vectors. At the smallest scattering vectors the probe size was comparable to the longest intramolecular distance, while at the largest scattering vectors the probe size was smaller than the persistence length of the DNA. Values of the self-diffusion coefficients D were obtained from the low-angle data. For the nicked DNA, D = (2.9 ± 0.3) × 10−8 cm2/s, and for the supercoiled DNA, D = (4.11 ± 0.21) × 10−8 cm2/s. The contribution to the correlation function from the internal dynamics of the DNA was seen to result in a strictly bimodal decay function. The rates of the faster mode Γint, reached plateau values at low angles. For the nicked DNA, Γint = 2500 ± 500 s−1, and for the supercoiled DNA, Γint = 5000 ± 500 s−1. These rates correspond to the slowest internal relaxation modes of the DNAs. The dependence of the relaxation rates on scattering vector was monitored with the aid of cumulants analysis and compared with theoretical predictions for the semiflexible ring molecule. The internal mode rates and the dependence of the cumulants moments reflected the difference between the nicked DNA and the supercoiled DNA dynamical behavior. The supercoiled DNA behavior seen here indicates that conformational dynamics might play a larger role in DNA behavior than is suggested by the notion of a branched interwound structure. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Dichromated Gelatin of Improved Optical Quality (1971)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Milton Chang, "Dichromated Gelatin of Improved Optical Quality," Appl. Opt. 10, 2550-2551 (1971) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
The Influence of Temperature, pH and C/N Ratio on the Growth and Survival of Earthworms in Municipal Solid Waste (2015)

Earthworms can be used to treat solid organic waste. Many studies have reported the effect of temperature, moisture, and pH value on the growth, reproduction, and survival of earthworms in manure. A study of the influence of these parameters on the growth and survival of earthworms in municipal solid waste is presented in this paper. The growth and mortality of earthworms in municipal solid waste with different temperatures (15, 20, 25 degrees C) was studied for 70 days, with different pH values (5.1, 5.4, 6.5, 7.2, 8.6)
Iowa Butter- Vitamin Rich (1945)

Folks who eat Iowa butter in generous amounts are rather sure to be getting a great deal of that important vitamin— vitamin A.
Effects of Clinoptilolite on Rumen Fermentation, Digestion and Feedlot Performance in Beef Steers Fed High Concentrate Diets2 (1983)

In a 148-d feedlot experiment, 48 crossbred steers were fed a 70% sorghum diet with clinoptilolite (CLN), a natural zeolite, substituted at 0, 1.25 and 2.5% of the diet dry matter. No differences (P>.05) were detected in average daily gain, feed intake (dry matter and organic matter) and feed efficiency among treatments. Negative correlations (P<.05) between fecal starch and fecal pH were detected on d 0, 37 and 66 of the feeding period. Four rumen-cannulated steers were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to study effects of CLN on rumen fermentation and digestion. A 5.0% CLN diet was fed in addition to the three diets from the feedlot experiment. Total tract dry matter digestibility was higher (P<.05) for the 1.25% CLN diet than for the 2.5 and 5.0% CLN diets, but not different from the control diet. Ruminal digestion of dry matter, organic matter, starch and crude protein tended to be higher for CLN diets, while the opposite occurred in intestinal digestion. Total tract starch digestion was higher (P<.05) for the 1.25% CLN diet than for the 5.0% CLN diet, but not different (P>.05) from the control or 2.5% CLN diets. The CLN-supplemented diets tended to produce higher levels of total volatile fatty acids and the 2.5% CLN diet produced a greater (P<.05) proportion of propionic acid than other diets. The 5.0% CLN diet had the lowest (P<.05) rumen ammonia concentration at 3 h postfeeding; at 6 h postfeeding, 2.5 and 5.0% CLN had lower (P<.05) ammonia levels than the control diet and at 9 h postfeeding, 2.5 and 5.0% CLN ammonia levels were lower (P<.05) than the other diets. Rumen pH was lower (P<.05) at 6 h postfeeding for the 2.5% CLN diet than for the control or 1.25% CLN diets. At 12 h postfeeding, rumen pH was lower (P<.05) for the 5.0% CLN diet than for the control or 1.25% CLN diets. There were no differences (P>.05) in rumen volume and fluid flow rates among treatments.
A precision CMOS analog cubing circuit (2004)

The practical implementation of a precision analog cubing function in 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology is presented. The cubing circuit consumes less power, has a smaller layout area, and achieves a higher operating frequency than previously published designs. The circuit advantageously utilizes the non-square-law current-voltage characteristics of deep-submicron CMOS to achieve a precise cubing function. The effects of component mismatch on the output error are explored. A common-centroid layout is used to reduce component mismatch due to linear process, temperature, and stress gradients. The cubing circuit has a total DC current draw of 6.3 mA from a single 1.8 V supply. The maximum error between the simulated and ideal cubing response is /spl plusmn/0.7 mV over the output range /spl plusmn/30 mV for operating frequencies up to 1 GHz.
Effects of simultaneous training for strength and endurance on upper and lower body strength and running performance. (1991)

This study examined simultaneous training for strength and endurance during a 13-week, 3-day a week program of hydraulic resistive circuit training and running. Eighteen college males (U.S. Army ROTC) were placed into low resistance (LR; n = 10) or high resistance (HR; n = 8) groups, and 10 college males were controls and did not train. There were 20 exercise stations (7 upper and lower body, and 6 supplementary). LR and HR performed 2 circuits with a work/rest ratio of 20 to 40 s during the 40 min workout. LR trained at two low resistances (approximately 100 cm.s-1), while HR trained at a higher resistance (approximately 50 cm.s-1). Following the workout, subjects ran 2 miles. Pre and post tests included strength, physical fitness, and anthropometry. Strength was assessed with (1) hydraulic resistance dynamometry for 4 exercises at 2 speeds using a computerized dynamometer (Hydra-Fitness, Belton, TX); (2) isokinetic and isotonic upright squat and supine bench press using the Ariel Exerciser (Trabuco Canyon, CA); (3) concentric and eccentric arm flexion/extension at 60 and 120 degrees.s-1 on the Biodex dynamometer (Shirley, NY), and (4) 1-RM free weight concentric and eccentric arm flexion and extension. The fitness tests included 2-mile run, sit-ups, and push-ups. Anthropometry included 3 fatfolds, 6 girths, and arm and leg volume. There were no significant changes in body composition or interactions between the fitness test measures and the 2 training groups (p greater than 0.05). Improvements averaged 15% (run time), 30% (push-ups), and 19% (sit-ups; p less than 0.05). Significant improvements also occurred in 3 of 8 measures for hydraulic testing (overall change 8.8%), in 3 of 4 1-RM tests (9.4%), and in 2 of 8 Biodex tests (6%), but no significant changes for isokinetic and isotonic squat and bench press (1.9%). The change in overall strength averaged 6.5% compared to 16% in a prior study that used hydraulic resistive training without concomitant running. We conclude that gains in strength were somewhat compromised by the simultaneous run training, and that improvements in strength and run performance were independent of LR and HR training intensity.
West Nile fever/encephalitis (2007)

West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the family Flaviviridae (genus Flavivirus), is a mosquito-borne virus first isolated in 1937 in the West Nile district of Uganda. The disease in humans is characterized by a dengue-like illness with fever, and a more severe form is characterized by central nervous system involvement, including encephalitis, meningitis, and myelitis. WN encephalitis was first reported in the Western Hemisphere in the summer of 1999, there was an outbreak in New York City. Epidemic WNV strains in North America are severely pathogenic, however, attenuated WNV strains were found in Texas and Mexico in 2003. The principal vectors of WNV transmission in North America are Culex. pipiens, Cx. Quinquefasciatus, Cx. restuans, Cx salinarius and Cx talsalis. The number of WN fever case has exceeded 27,000 since 1999 in the United States and 4,600 since 2002 in Canada. The first imported case of West Nile fever in Japan was confirmed in September, 2005. The patient had returned to Japan from the United States and developed symptoms the next day. There is currently no WN vaccine for use in humans. An inactivated WNV vaccine for use in horses has been available since 2001. A DNA vaccine, a chimeric live attenuated vaccine, and a recombinant vaccine have also been licensed for use in horses.
Dual-frequency braking in AC drives (2002)

Many variable frequency drive (VFD) applications require infrequent or partial braking. The use of a regenerative circuit, or of a dynamic braking resistor, adds significant cost to the VFD. This paper presents a method to obtain braking torque in nonregenerative AC drives without the need for additional power circuits. With this method, braking energy is absorbed from the rotating inertia at the applied frequency and is dissipated in the motor at a second loss-inducing frequency. Theoretical results that illustrate the usefulness and limitations of the proposed approach are given. Test results with low-voltage and medium-voltage drives are included in this paper. As compared to DC injection braking, the proposed method allows continuous estimation of motor speed and gives much higher braking torque per ampere.
TNF-α and Hyperandrogenism: A Clinical, Biochemical, and Molecular Genetic Study (2001)

To evaluate the role of TNF-alpha in the pathogenesis of hyperandrogenism, we have evaluated the serum TNF-alpha levels, as well as several polymorphisms in the promoter region of the TNF-alpha gene, in a group of 60 hyperandrogenic patients and 27 healthy controls matched for body mass index. Hyperandrogenic patients presented with mildly increased serum TNF-alpha levels as compared with controls (mean[median] +/- SD: 7.2[7.0] +/- 3.3 pg/ml vs. 5.6[4.4] +/- 4.0 pg/ml, P < 0.02). Although no differences in body mass index and insulin resistance indexes were observed between patients and controls, when subjects were classified by body weight, serum TNF-alpha was increased only in lean patients as compared with lean controls, but this difference was not statistically significant when comparing obese patients with obese controls. The TNF-alpha gene polymorphisms studied here (-1196C/T, -1125G/C, -1031T/C, -863C/A, -857C/T, -316G/A, -308G/A, -238G/A, and -163G/A) were equally distributed in hyperandrogenic patients and controls. However, carriers of the -308A variant presented with increased basal and leuprolide-stimulated serum androgens and 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels when considering patients and controls as a group. No differences were observed in serum TNF-alpha levels, body mass index, and insulin resistance indexes, depending on the presence or absence of these variants. In conclusion, our present results suggest that the TNF-alpha system might contribute to the pathogenesis of hyperandrogenism, independent of obesity and insulin resistance. However, elucidation of the precise mechanisms underlying the relationship between the TNF-alpha system and androgen excess is needed before considering TNF-alpha as a significant contributing factor to the development of hyperandrogenism.
Optimal camera placement to obtain accurate 3D point positions (2002)

Concerns the automation of the camera network design process in order to obtain accurate 3D measurements. We restrict ourselves to the problem where the camera positions are limited only by the incidence angle constraint and it is simplified to the case where the cameras remain at a fixed distance to the set of target points to be measured. The main question addressed is where to place the cameras in order to obtain the minimal 3D error. From this question several subproblems arise: how to develop a good criterion to judge the configuration; what conditions are needed for the system to work; which are the interrelated aspects involved in the development of the system; and how to optimize the placement of the camera. From these initial questions the choice of a criterion combined with an optimization process is the key concept. The approach can be divided into two main components. Firstly, we develop an uncertainty analysis based on error propagation. This allows us to express an error criterion to be minimized. Secondly, we present an evolutionary optimization method similar to genetic algorithm, which optimizes this criterion.
Model Checking for ROC Regression Analysis (2007)

The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is a prominent tool for characterizing the accuracy of a continuous diagnostic test. To account for factors that might influence the test accuracy, various ROC regression methods have been proposed. However, as in any regression analysis, when the assumed models do not fit the data well, these methods may render invalid and misleading results. To date, practical model-checking techniques suitable for validating existing ROC regression models are not yet available. In this article, we develop cumulative residual-based procedures to graphically and numerically assess the goodness of fit for some commonly used ROC regression models, and show how specific components of these models can be examined within this framework. We derive asymptotic null distributions for the residual processes and discuss resampling procedures to approximate these distributions in practice. We illustrate our methods with a dataset from the cystic fibrosis registry.
Synthetic studies on tricyclospirodienones; model chemistry for novel mimics of steroid substrates (1993)

As part of a programme to synthesize aryltricyclospirodienones 3. potential steroid anti metabolites, the formation of tricyclospirodienones 4 from substituted tetralins has been studied. 1-Allyl- and 1 -(but-3-enyl)-tetralins 9 and 11 were synthesized from the 6-alkoxytetralols 8 and the corresponding pivaloates 10 using allytrimethylsilane/zinc iodide and 1-(but-3-enyl)magnesium bromide respectively, and were used to prepare the epoxides 20 and 21, the iodides 13,16 and 19, and the nitro compounds 14 and 17. Phenol-exo-spirocyclisations of the iodides were shown to proceed smoothly in the 5- and 6-exo-tetsenses; in contrast, the epoxides failed to cyclise in these formally allowed modes and only the 7-endo type, i.e. 21 (α-H)→30 was viable. Cyclisation via phenylthiiranium and phenylselenonium ions followed a similar pattern. Under acid catalysis the epoxide 21 formed the 5-exo products 36 and 37, which on further acid treatment gave the tetracycles 38 and 39 respectively. The α-oxocarbocation from the diazo ketones 41 provided the spirodienone 43. The ω-nitropropyl and ω-nitrobutyl-6-hydroxytetralins 14c and 17c underwent stereospecific intramolecular coupling between phenolate and nitronate functions to afford tricyclospirodienones 46 and 47 respectively.
Evaluation of the Specificity of Morphological Electrocardiographic Criteria for the Differential Diagnosis of Wide QRS Complex Tachycardia in Patients With Intraventricular Conduction Defects (1997)

Most of the previously described morphological criteria favoring ventricular tachycardia are present in a substantial percentage of patients with IVCD during sinus rhythm. These findings suggest a limited applicability of these criteria in this subset of patients.
Prions: A Lone Killer or a Vital Accomplice? (1999)

DISEASE RESEARCHTABINGEN, GERMANY-- Britain's bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), or mad cow disease, crisis has fueled an explosion of research into variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease--a fatal neurodegenerative disorder linked to eating beef from cattle infected with BSE--and similar fatal brain diseases linked to prions, aberrant forms of a normal cellular protein called PrP. At the largest ever meeting of prion disease researchers here last month, talks revealed important new insights into how prions make their way through the body to the brain and provided strong evidence that immune system cells are conduits for the spread of infection--a disquieting conclusion that may nevertheless hold the key to therapeutic strategies. But there is still no consensus on whether this mysterious disease agent is acting alone.
Learning semantic classes for word sense disambiguation (2005)

Word Sense Disambiguation suffers from a long-standing problem of knowledge acquisition bottleneck. Although state of the art supervised systems report good accuracies for selected words, they have not been shown to be promising in terms of scalability. In this paper, we present an approach for learning coarser and more general set of concepts from a sense tagged corpus, in order to alleviate the knowledge acquisition bottleneck. We show that these general concepts can be transformed to fine grained word senses using simple heuristics, and applying the technique for recent SENSEVAL data sets shows that our approach can yield state of the art performance.
A novel space vector modulation strategy for thyristor matrix converters (2013)

A novel modulation strategy for matrix converters based on space vector representation is outlined in this contribution. In particular, the method is applied to a thyristor matrix converter connecting a multi-phase generator of varying frequency with the fixed-frequency three-phase grid. Compared with the well-known space vector modulation for a three-phase voltage source inverter, the elementary output voltage vectors are no longer constant but varying themselves in time. Additionally, not every transition between the switching states is possible at any time as an appropriate external commutation voltage is needed. Goal of the proposed control approach is get by with only a small number of commutations per fundamental in order to keep the switching losses low while ensuring a reasonable harmonic distortion.
Evidence of Impurities in Thiolated Single-Stranded DNA Oligomers and Their Effect on DNA Self-Assembly on Gold (2005)

The diversity of techniques used in the synthesis, treatment, and purification of the single-stranded DNA oligomers containing a thiol anchor group (SH-ssDNA) has led to a significant variation in the purity of commercially available SH-ssDNA. In this work, we use X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) to study how the impurities present in commercially synthesized SH-ssDNA oligomers affected the structure of the resulting DNA films on Au. XPS results indicate that two of the purchased SH-ssDNA oligomers contain excess carbon and sulfur. The molecular fragmentation patterns obtained with ToF-SIMS were used to determine the identity of several contaminants in the DNA films, including poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), lipid molecules, and sulfur-containing molecules. In particular, the ToF-SIMS results determined that the excess sulfur detected by XPS was due to the presence of dithiothreitol, a reductant often used to cleave disulfide precursors. Furthermore, we found that the SH-ssDNA self-assembly process is affected by the presence of these contaminants. When relatively pure SH-ssDNA is used to prepare the DNA films, the P, N, O, and C atomic percentages were observed by XPS to increase over a 24-h time period. In contrast, surfaces prepared using SH-ssDNA containing higher levels of contaminants did not follow this trend. XPS result indicates that, after the initial SH-ssDNA adsorption, the remaining material incorporated into these films was due to contamination.
Knowledge-based analog circuit synthesis with flexible architecture (2003)

A prototype knowledge-based analog-circuit synthesis system is presented. An expert system has been developed to act as a design assistant in an iterative analog design process. Design flexibility is greatly enhanced by adopting the self-reconstructing technique for the flexible architecture approach. Being able to recognize critical nodes and circuit primitives, the layout generator is capable of generating compact layouts with special analog layout considerations. An expert system for assisting the design of a two-stage CMOS operation amplifier, CAMP, and a layout generator for circuit layout generations, LAMP, have been developed for the expert-system-based analog IC design automation environment. Experimental results are shown to demonstrate the capabilities of the system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Spectral Domain Immitance Approach for Dispersion Characteristics of Generalized Printed Transmission Lines (1980)

A simple method for formulating the dyadic Green's functions in the spectral domain is presented for generalized printed transmission Iines which contain several dielectric layers and conductors appearing at several dielectric interfaces. The method is based on the transverse equivalent transmission line for a spectral wave and on a simple coordinate transformation. This formulation process is so simple that often it is accomplished almost by inspection of the physical cross-sectional structure of the transmission line. The method is applied to a new versatile transmission line, a microstrip-slot Iine, and some numerical results are presented.
Sex Matters in Meiosis (2002)

In mammals, fertilization typically involves the ovulation of one or a few eggs at one end of the female reproductive tract and the entry of millions of sperm at the other. Given this disparity in numbers, it might be expected that the more precious commodity-eggs-would be subject to more stringent quality-control mechanisms. However, information from engineered mutations of meiotic genes suggests just the opposite. Specifically, the available mutants demonstrate striking sexual dimorphism in response to meiotic disruption; for example, faced with adversity, male meiosis grinds to a halt, whereas female meiosis soldiers on. This female "robustness" comes with a cost, however, because aneuploidy appears to be increased in the resultant oocytes.