gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation Of Air Velocity Within The Threshing Crescent (2013)

The rotation of combine harvester threshing cylinder creates an air flow within threshing crescent, part of which is directed through the openings in the concave. The present article gives the air flow velocity trials within threshing crescent. Experimental studies were carried out with a stationary tangential threshing 59 cylinder stand which consisted of 0.6 m diameter and 1.2 m wide eight rasp bars tangential threshing cylinder which is surrounded by concave with 146o. Air velocity was measured at 56 locations, distributed dependent on construction of concave. The air velocity was measured using a hot wire anemometer unit. The output data was recorded on PC using 10 bit ADC converter. Nine levels of cylinder peripheral speed (from 11.0 ms-1 to 23.6 ms-1) at cylinder-concave clearances of: 36 mm at front, 32 mm in middle, and 20 mm at rear part of concave were used in this experiment. The results of the experiment show that there were significant differences of air velocity among cylinder peripheral speeds and locations. The air velocity increased with increased cylinder peripheral speed and towards the rear of the concave. Air flow velocity within threshing crescent dependence on technological and constructional parameters of the threshing cylinder is presented. Article is in lithuanian language
SCREAM for Multi-Level Movable Structures by Inductively Coupled Plasma Process (2002)

A novel fabrication process to etch, to passivate, and to release single-crystal silicon structures totally in just only one process by inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching (ICP-RIE) has been presented in this paper. Several kinds of movable actuators such as relay, comb-drive, and capacitance with thickness of 30 μm have been fabricated successfully to demonstrate this fabrication process. Here, experimental investigations about fabrication parameters to get well profile and suspension structures are performed in a STS ICP-RIE system.
Patterns of Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor (<scp>TNF</scp>i) Biosimilar Use Across United States Rheumatology Practices (2020)

The uptake of biosimilars in the United States remains low despite persistence on infliximab-dyyb being similar to the infliximab bio-originator. These results add to clinical studies that should provide greater confidence to patients and physicians regarding biosimilar use.
Manufacturing Process for Ceramic Encapsulated Junction Field Effect Transistors (JFETs) and Statistical Evaluation of JFET Header Dielectric Materials (1972)

Electronic noise is the ultimate resolution limiting factor in non-dispersive low energy X-ray spectrometers. Lossy dielectric materials in the input of the spectrometer's charge-sensitive preamplifier contribute significant amounts of noise. In particular, the glass insulating header of the input JFET produces a major portion of this dielectric noise. A previous small experimental lot of JFETs encapsulated with low loss ceramic headers exhibited significantly lower electronic noise than JFETs with lossy glass headers containing the same type JFET chip. A larger lot of JFETs (~350) encapsulated with 99% BeO ceramic headers has been prepared under standard transistor production conditions. Processing details are reported as well as statistical analyses of noise and other electrical measurements obtained on a random sample from this production lot. Similar data are reported for commercial JFETs containing the same type chip (TI-2N4416) encapsulated in an epoxy body and encapsulated with glass headers. In addition, measurements have been obtained for JFET chips mounted on high purity Al2O3 (99.5%) thin flat substrates. These substrates, normally used for integrated circuit production, exhibit very low loss at high frequencies. Previous results are confirmed in that JFET chips encapsulated with ceramic headers (under production conditions) produce significantly lower noise than epoxy or glass encapsulated JFETs. For a 2-μsec main amplifier Gaussian shaping time, the high purity A12O3; flat substrates produce less noise than the BeO headers. For 5-μsec shaping, no significant difference is observed between the two ceramic materials.
The Admiralty Chart: Trends in Content and Design (1968)

In 1967 the Hydrographer of the Navy, guided by a report from his professional advisers and with the support of many chart users with whom the main proposals were discussed, took a number of decisions to modernise the Admiralty Chart. The author heads one of the sections of the Nautical Chart Branch; and this paper, which follows lectures given to the Society last year, examines the factors of changing navigational requirement on the one hand and of cartographic opportunity on the other which have led to the new policy. A number of practical limitations imposed on cartographic expression in marine charts are outlined.
In Vitro Characterization of Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway Inhibition in Multiple Myeloma Cell Lines Using a Novel Class of Small Molecules. (2007)

Abstract Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a fatal form of hematologic cancer characterized by the clonal expansion of plasma cells in the bone marrow. Recent finding by several research laboratories have shown that Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway is activated in MM leading to the translocation of β-Catenin to the nucleus where it binds to T cell factor (TCF) and drives transcription of genes involved in the progression of cancer (Derksen et. Al., PNAS 2004). The mechanism by which Wnt/β-Catenin signaling is activated in MM is not well understood, however, β-Catenin is expressed in the majority of MM cell lines and inhibition of the pathway with a dominant negative form of TCF4 or the small molecule PKF115-584 have shown anti-proliferative effects in in vitro and in vivo cell line and xenograft models making inhibition of Wnt/β-Catenin signaling a promising modality for the treatment of MM (Sukhdeo et al., PNAS 2007). To this end, Avalon Pharmaceuticals has developed a series of small molecule compounds, lead candidate series-363 (LC-363), with potent inhibitory effects on Wnt/β-Catenin signaling and anti-proliferative effects in colon cancer cell lines and in vivo models (EORTC, 2007). LC-363 compounds down regulate expression of the noted β-Catenin/TCF transcriptional targets c-jun, fra-1, and PPARδ as well as increase expression of the Dickkopf family of secreted proteins 1 and 3 which inhibit Wnt signaling. In this study, we report on the in vitro characteristics of LC-363 in MM cell line models. We show that LC-363 compounds have broad and potent growth inhibitory and cytotoxic effects on MM cell lines. Additionally, these effects are mediated through a G1 phase cell cycle block, apoptosis, and decrease in cytoplasmic levels of β-Catenin. Importantly, we show the relationship between expression level of β-Catenin protein and sensitivity to LC-363 compounds in terms of growth inhibition and apoptosis. Lastly, we describe the gene expression signatures induced by LC-363 in MM cell models across multiple time and dose studies to detail their dynamic effects on expression of genes within the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway. In conclusion, we believe that inhibition of Wnt/β-Catenin signaling is a viable therapeutic alternative for treatment of MM patients with activated Wnt/β-Catenin signaling and to that end; LC-363 compounds are promising candidates currently in pre-clinical development for treatment of cancers with activated Wnt/β-Catenin signaling including MM.
Arabidopsis transcriptional regulation by light stress via hydrogen peroxide‐dependent and ‐independent pathways (2001)

The light stress signalling from the chloroplast to the nucleus is revealed to be mediated through at least two pathways: both hydrogen peroxide-dependent and -independent. The latter pathway is thought to be mediated by the protein phosphatase 2A/1 activity that is suppressed by okadaic acid.
Vitamin E inhibits CD95 ligand expression and protects T cells from activation-induced cell death (2002)

Apoptosis is a morphologically distinct form of cell death involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Expression of the CD95 (APO-1/Fas) ligand (CD95L) is critically involved in activation-induced cell death (AICD) of activated T cells. Here we show that the natural free radical scavenger vitamin E suppresses the activity of the transcription factors NF-kappa B and AP-1, thus blocking expression of CD95L and preventing T cell AICD. Since AICD is a major cause of T cell depletion in AIDS, we examined 35 HIV-1-positive individuals and found that their T cells are more susceptible to AICD than are T cells isolated from healthy controls. Administration of vitamin E suppresses CD95L mRNA expression and protects T cells of HIV-1-infected individuals from CD95-mediated apoptosis. This evidence that vitamin E can affect T cell survival may merit further clinical investigation.
IgM to varicella-zoster virus (1982)

Antibody to varicella-zoster (VZ) virus of the IgM type was detected in sera from 50% of persons with clinical zoster, 67% of asymptomatic varicella immunes with a recent intimate exposure to VZ virus and 22 to 40% of varicella immunes with no symptoms of zoster or known exposure to the virus. No VZ IgM was found in newborn sera or in sera from persons susceptible to varicella, demonstrating specificity of the VA IgM assay. Since development of specific IgM is associated with acute infection, these data suggest that reinfection with VA virus occurs and also that antigenic stimulation due to exposure to endogenous VZ virus may occur. We hypothesize that during reactivation of VZ virus, persons with intact VZ cell-mediated immunity (CMI) remain asymptomatic but that those with depressed VZ CMI may develop clinical zoster. These data suggest that there is an unstable relationship between VZ virus and the human host.
A kinetic study of dihydrolipoyl transacetylase from bovine kidney. (1975)

The mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex contains a core, consisting of dihydrolipoyl transacetylase, to which pyruvate dehydrogenase and dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase are joined. This report describes studies on the kinetic mechanism of the transacetylase-catalyzed reaction between [1-14C]acetyl-CoA and dihydrolipoamide. This reaction appears to be a model of the physiological reaction, in which the acetyl group is transferred from the S-acetyldihydrolipoyl moiety, bound covalently to the transacetylase, to CoA. The model reaction is not affected by pyruvate dehydrogenase or dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, their substrates and products, or by removal of the covalently bound lipoyl moiety. These findings, together with the results of initial velocity, product inhibition, and dead-end inhibition studies, indicate that the model reaction and, apparently, the physiological reaction as well, proceeds via the Random Bi Bi (rapid equilibrium) mechanism. It appears that at the catalytic center of the transacetylase there are two adjacent sites, one that binds CoA and acetyl-CoA and another that binds dihydrolipoamide and S-acetyldihydrolipoamide (or the corresponding forms of the covalently bound lipoyl moiety.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzohopanes, a Novel Family of Hexacyclic Geomarkers in Sediments and Petroleums. A Novel Sulfur Containing C<sub>35</sub> Hopanoid in Sediments. (1984)

Abstract Aus Sedimenten und Petroleum werden die Inhaltsstoffe (I) bzw. (II) isoliert und identifiziert.
A Model on the Correlation between Composition and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Al-Zn Alloys by Using Artificial Neural Network (2005)

A model was developed for the analysis and prediction of correlation between composition and mechanical properties of Mg-Al-Zn (AZ) magnesium alloys by applying artificial neural network (ANN). The input parameters of the neural network (NN) are alloy composition. The outputs of the NN model are important mechanical properties, including ultimate tensile strength, tensile yield strength and elongation. The model is based on multilayer feedforward neural network. The NN was trained with comprehensive data set collected from domestic and foreign literature. A very good performance of the neural network was achieved. The model can be used for the simulation and prediction of mechanical properties of AZ system magnesium alloys as functions of composition.
<title>Temperature sensitivity of the two-photon photodissociation fluorescence spectrum of water vapor in a hydrogen-air burner</title> (1993)

High temperature water vapor detection in hypersonic exhaust has been the subject of ongoing research in a collaboration between MetroLaser and Vanderbilt University's Department of Mechanical Engineering. In this paper we examine some of the temperature sensitivity issues surrounding water vapor diagnostics based on two-photon fluorescence measurements. We present work which shows a large temperature sensitivity for the two-photon excited fluorescence features for H<SUB>2</SUB>O in a hydrogen and air flat flame burner. The spectra are modeled for various temperatures, results are experimentally verified, and recommendations are made.
Links between composition and provenance of Mesozoic siliciclastic sediments from western Calabria (southern Italy) (2011)

Mesozoic siliciclastic mudrocks (‘continental redbeds') at the base of the Stilo Unit of the northern sector of the Calabria-Peloritani Arc (southern Italy) are mainly composed of quartz, phyllosilicates (illite, illite/smectite mixed layers, kaolinite, chlorite), Fe-oxide (hematite) and feldspars. The <2 μm grain-size fraction shows high percent of I/S mixed layers, characterized by R value ranging from R0 to R3. The Kübler Index values indicate temperatures ranging from 130 °C to 160 °C. The source areas of the studied sediments were mainly characterized by metasediments of the Paleozoic basement with plutonic bodies. The limited importance of a mafic supply is confirmed by the La/Sc, Th/Sc, Th/Co, Th/Cr and Cr/Th ratios, that suggest a provenance from source areas fairly felsic rather than basic in composition. The CIA index indicates moderate weathering in the sediment source areas. The Al-Ti-Zr diagram and the Th/Sc vs. Zr/Sc plot indicate sedimentary sorting and recycling effects for the studied sediments. Preliminary geological and compositional data of these siliciclastic deposits suggest close similarities with the well studied Mesozoic continental redbed successions of the Internal domains of the circum-Mediterranean orogenic belts.
Identifying barriers to hypertension guideline adherence using clinician feedback at the point of care. (2006)

Factors contributing to low adherence to clinical guidelines by clinicians are not well understood. The user interface of ATHENA-HTN, a guideline-based decision support system (DSS) for hypertension, presents a novel opportunity to collect clinician feedback on recommendations displayed at the point of care. We analyzed feedback from 46 clinicians who received ATHENA advisories as part of a 15-month randomized trial to identify potential reasons clinicians may not intensify hypertension therapy when it is recommended. Among the 368 visits for which feedback was provided, clinicians commonly reported they did not follow recommendations because: recorded blood pressure was not representative of the patient's typical blood pressure; hypertension was not a clinical priority for the visit; or patients were nonadherent to medications. For many visits, current quality-assurance algorithms may incorrectly identify clinically appropriate decisions as guideline nonadherent due to incomplete capture of relevant information. We present recommendations for how automated DSSs may help identify "apparent" barriers and better target decision support.
3404 Automatic Design of Control Logic for Air Conditioning Using Evolutionary Computation (2006)

Recent years, an electronic technique has been developing remarkably, electronics control has been applied to various control systems. Many sensors and actuators have been implemented into those systems, and an energy efficiency and a performances have been improved more than before. However the system has been more complicated on the other hand, and much time is needed in order to develop the controller of the system. In this paper, a method of automatic controller design for those systems is described. In order to automate design of an electronic controller, a evolutionaly computation is applied. First, the framework how to apply the genetic algorithm to the automation of controller design is described. In particular, the coding of a chromosome is shown in detail. Next, how to make an evaluation function is represented with an air-conditioner as an example case, and the controller of the air-conditioner is developed automatically using our proposal framework. Finally, the evolutionary simulation is performed to confirm our framework.
Study on polymeric neutral species in high-density fluorocarbon plasmas (2000)

Production and extinction processes of polymeric neutral species (CmFn;m⩾2) in electron cyclotron resonance C4F8 and CF4 plasmas have been studied by using a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) employing low-energy electron attachment technique. This technique allows the detection of electronegative CmFn species as negative ions by scanning the attaching electron energy in the QMS typically in the range of 0–10 eV. In addition to the most abundant F− and CF3− signals resulting from dissociative attachment to various fluorocarbon species, pronounced attachment resonances of negative ions corresponding to the series of CmF2m±1− such as C3F7−, C4F9−, and C5F9− were primarily observed especially at low microwave powers and high pressures. The C4F8 plasma contained a large amount of polymeric species and a high fraction of reactive F-stripped species as compared to the CF4 plasma, providing evidence of a high potential of gas phase and surface polymerization in a low F/C ratio plasma. The amount and composition of polymeric species were examined by varying gas residence time and diluted hydrogen or argon concentration. At 20 mTorr, the overall amount of polymeric species was suppressed by enhanced gas flow with decreasing residence time, while a fraction of F-stripped species was increased. The amount of polymeric species was also suppressed with increasing diluted hydrogen, and the different behavior in the two plasmas was interpreted as the result of interactions between H atoms and polymeric species. The results provide insights into the kinetics and chemical activity of polymeric species in a high-density plasma as a practical etching source.
Treponema pallidum rare outer membrane proteins: analysis of mobility by freeze-fracture electron microscopy (1994)

Freeze-fracture and deep-etch electron microscopy were used to investigate the molecular architecture of the Treponema pallidum outer membrane (OM). Freeze-fracture electron microscopy of treponemes freshly harvested from rabbit testes revealed that the intramembranous particles (IMPs) in both the concave and convex OM leaflets were distributed into alternating areas of relatively high and low particle density; in many OM fractures, IMPs formed rows that ran either parallel to or obliquely across the fracture faces. Statistical analysis (runs test) confirmed that the IMPs were nonrandomly distributed in both OM leaflets. Examination of deep-etched specimens revealed that the particles observed in freeze-fractured OMs also were surface exposed. Combined analysis of deep-etched and cross-fractured treponemes revealed that the OM particles were located in regions of the OM away from the endoflagella and closely apposed to the cytoplasmic membrane-peptidoglycan complex. When treponemes were incubated for extended periods with heat-inactivated immune rabbit syphilitic serum, no alteration in the distribution of OM IMPs was detected. In further experiments, approximately 1:1 mixtures of T. pallidum and Escherichia coli or separate suspensions of the nonpathogenic Treponema phagedenis biotype Reiter were fixed at 34 degrees C or after cooling to 0 degree C (to induce lateral phase separations that would aggregate IMPs). Only particles in the T. pallidum OM failed to aggregate in cells fixed at the lower temperature. The combined data suggest that the mobility of T. pallidum rare OM proteins is limited, perhaps as a result of interactions between their periplasmic domains and components of the peptidoglycan-cytoplasmic membrane complex.
Modulation of the Immune Response by Plasma Protease Inhibitors (1982)

The two major protease inhibitors in human serum, alpha 1 ‐antitrypsin ( α1 AT) and alpha 2 ‐macroglobulin ( α2 m), were analysed for their effects on antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxocity (ADCC) and natural killing (NK). The results indicate that both α1 AT and α2 m decrease ADCC and NK in a dose‐responsive pattern.
Indirect Immunofluorescence Staining of Cultured Neural Cells (2012)

Immunofluorescence is a technique allowing the visualization of a specific protein or antigen in cells or tissue sections by binding a specific antibody chemically conjugated with a fluorescent dye such as fluorescein isothiocyanate. There are two major types of immunofluorescence staining methods: (1) direct immunofluorescence staining in which the primary antibody is labeled with fluorescence dye and (2) indirect immunofluorescence staining in which a secondary antibody labeled with fluorochrome is used to recognize a primary antibody. This chapter describes procedures for the application of indirect immunofluorescence staining to neural cells in culture.
ChemInform Abstract: CHIRAL SYNTHONS FROM LEVOGLUCOSENONE: SHORT ROUTES FOR (‐)‐Δ‐MULTISTRIATIN AND (+)‐PRELOG‐DJERASSI LACTONIC ACID (1984)

Abstract Ausgehend von Levoglucosenon (I) wird das Additionsprodukt (II) synthetisiert, aus dem durch Wittig‐Reaktion die Schlüsselver‐ bindung (III) entsteht.
Synthesen mit Enaminen, XV. Acylierung von 1‐Morpholino‐cyclododecen‐(1) unter Ringerweiterung (1967)

Abstract Die Acylierung von 1‐Morpholino‐cyclododecen‐(1) ( 7 , n = 12) mit aliphatischen Carbonsäurechloriden in Gegenwart von Triäthylamin verläuft über ein nachweisbares Cycloaddukt vom Typ 8 , das sich unter Ringerweiterung zu 9 , (n + 2 = 14) stabilisiert. Die Strukturen der hydrolytisch entstehenden 2‐Alkyl‐cyclotetradecandione‐(1.3) 10 werden bewiesen und deren Eigenschaften mit denen der isomeren 2‐Acyl‐cyclododecanone ( 14 ) verglichen. Bei der Addition von α‐disubstituierten Carbonsäurechloriden bzw. Ketenen an das gleiche Enamin unterbleibt die Ringerweiterung.
Gas sensing characteristics of $LaCoO_3$ thick-films (1999)

thick-films for gas sensing layers were prepared on alumina substrate by screen printing method. The sensitivities to , , NO and CO gases were investigated for different heat treatment temperatures of the films. Their structural properties were examined by X-Ray Diffraction measurements and SEM photographs. The sensitivity of thick-film to CO gas was much higher than those of , , and NO gases. The optimal heat treatment and operating temperatures were and , respectively. The sensitivities of thick-films to 500ppm and 1250ppm CO gas were 72% and 95%, respectively.
Effects of amination and adsorption of ammonia on the electrical conductivity of the detonation nanodiamond powders (2010)

In the present work, the temperature dependence of the static Gdc(T) and dynamic conductivity Gac(T, f) of detonation nanodiamond powders in the frequency range 25-10 6 Hz and 300<T<800 K have been studied. Data on Gdc(T) and Gac(T,f) were obtained for the initial and aminated samples. It has shown that the value of electroconductivity for the intial and amianted nanodiamond powders differs by 2,5 order. A value of activation energy decreases compared to the original and equals 0.46 eV. Data on the effect of ammonia adsorption on Gdc(T), Gac(T, f) and the frequency dependence of dielectric permeability (ε) were obtained for powders of DND at room temperature. The effect of giant dielectric permeability increase at low frequencies was found. After exposure to ammonia within 48 hours, the dielectric permeability changes from 15 to 2,1·105 for initial sample at a 25 Hz, and at 1 kHz from 11 to 1.6·103 for UDD-SP,..