gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Reality of Food Allergy: The Patients' Perspective (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Background Consumer reaction Supporting consumers Allergy services Teenagers and young adults Food labelling Allergen thresholds Food alerts Our work with industry The work of the FSA Schools Eating out Daily life with a food allergy Hopes for the future References
Timing via the new LORAN-C system (2004)

In 1999, the United States Federal Radionavigation Plan extended the life of the U.S. LORAN-C system while the long term benefits as a GPS backup are investigated. Since 1999, U.S. Congress has continued to provide funds via the federal aviation administration (FAA) to develop and recapitalize the LORAN-C infrastructure. As a result of this recapitalization, the timing systems at the LORAN-C transmitting stations are being upgraded from its 1960's technology. This paper re-introduces LORAN-C with an emphasis on the improvements that are being provided to the LORAN-C user community and the timing performance and applications of the new system. These improvements include new timing systems, new transmitters and new user equipment. The paper begins with an introduction to the LORAN-C recapitalization project (LRP). Next a comparison of the technology and performance of the new LORAN-C system and the existing systems is presented with an emphasis on timing performance. The new time and frequency equipment (TFE) suite is presented with details on the local timescale computation, UTC recovery, and transmitter timing adjustment loop. Performance of the new system will be presented from the factory acceptance testing and field trials. Additional details will be presented on the timing performance of the new transmitter. The paper concludes with a summary of the ongoing efforts and results from the LORAN-C accuracy panel.
<i>Colloquium</i>: The transport properties of graphene: An introduction (2010)

An introduction to the transport properties of graphene combining experimental results and theoretical analysis is presented. In the theoretical description simple intuitive models are used to illustrate important points on the transport properties of graphene. The concept of chirality, stemming from the massless Dirac nature of the low-energy physics of the material, is shown to be instrumental in understanding its transport properties: the conductivity minimum, the electronic mobility, the effect of strain, the weak (anti)localization, and the optical conductivity.
“I Don’t Fit in a Box; No One Does:” Intersectionality and Gay Male Identity (2017)

Using an intersectionality framework, this qualitative study explores how stigma affects identity development and how intersecting identities can compound to either foster resiliency or create health concerns for 11 men who are emerging adults (18-29), same sex identified, African American, HIV +, and homeless. Semi-structured one-on-one interviews were conducted through RAIN (Regional Aids Interfaith Network) in Charlotte, NC. Questions were formulated to understand how participants view themselves and perceived stigmas, current/past health conditions, and their five to ten year prospects. This study uses grounded theory as a guide to analyze and interpret data. Themes explored include: risks (acquiring HIV through homeless status), biographical disruptions, and self-acceptance as a foundation to resiliency through self-empowerment. All participants in this study displayed resilient behaviors post-diagnosis to present, even those who experienced the worse “biographical disruptions.” Participants all spoke about being a survivor of sorts. I found that, for my participants, owning one’s identity created a buffer against the adverse effects of stigma.
A Single-Use Clinical Thermometer (1975)

A disposable clinical thermometer, based on heat-sensitive crystals, was tested in 200 subjects and its performance compared to the available bedside instrument and an accurate British Standard thermometer. It was found to be accurate and reliable and its convenience and ease of reading made it readily acceptable to patients and staff. It has the overwhelming advantage of severance of a link in the chain of hospital cross-infection and merits widespread clinical trial.
Optimization of ascorbic acid-2-phosphate production from ascorbic acid using resting cell of Brevundimonas diminuta. (2007)

With the aim to produce ascorbic acid-2-phosphate (AsA-2-P) from L-ascorbic acid (AsA, Vitamin C), nine bacteria conferring the ability to transform AsA to AsA-2-P were isolated from soil samples alongside known strains from culture collections. Most isolates were classified to the genus Brevundimonas by 16S phylogenetic analysis. Among them, Brevundimonas diminuta KACC 10306 was selected as the experimental strain because of its the highest productivity of AsA-2-P. The optimum set of conditions for the AsA-2-P production from AsA using resting cells as the source of the enzyme was also investigated. The optimum cultivation time was 16 h and the cell concentration was 120 g/l (wet weight). The optimum concentrations of AsA and pyrophosphate were 550 mM and 450 mM, respectively. The most effective buffer was 50 mM sodium formate. The optimum pH was 4.5 and temperature was 40 degrees C. Under the above conditions, 27.5 g/l of AsA-2-P was produced from AsA after 36 h of incubation, which corresponded to a 19.7% conversion efficiency based on the initial concentration of AsA.
Analysis of early mortality in randomized clinical trials evaluating anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies: A systematic analysis by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2019)

2516 Background: Many studies exhibit what seems to be dis-proportionately higher early mortality (EM) in anti-PD-1/PD-L1 containing arms (IO) when compared to active control arms (AC), resulting in early crossing of the Kaplan-Meier overall survival curves. We examine if EM with the use of IO is specific to certain demographic and disease characteristics. Methods: Data from 16 randomized AC trials submitted to FDA containing 6055 IO and 3604 AC patients in HNSCC, Melanoma, NSCLC, RCC, and Urothelial Carcinoma were evaluated for signs of EM. Study-specific and pooled piecewise hazard ratios (HRs) were used to quantify EM from 0 to 60 and > 60 days. Additionally, HRs up to 60 days were used to assess the extent specific subgroups account for EM. Results: Piecewise HRs comparing OS between IO and AC changed direction, > 1 to < 1 in 11 trials; melanoma (5/6), NSCLC (3/7), HNSCC (1/1), RCC (1/1), and urothelial cancer (1/1). When pooled, NSCLC studies retained this EM pattern, although attenuated, with HR (95% CI) of 1.12 (0.91, 1.38) ≤60 days and 0.66 (0.61, 0.72) after 60 days. This was not observed in the pooled melanoma studies: 0.88 (0.63, 1.24) ≤ 60 days and 0.59 (0.53, 0.67) after 60 days. EM in both arms was associated with poor ECOG performance status (PS), increased LDH, and high tumor burden. Comparing EM patients in the IO and AC arms, a larger proportion were female in the melanoma trials (41% vs. 28%), a smaller proportion had squamous histology in the NSCLC trials (32% vs. 41%), and a larger proportion were PD-L1 negative (56% vs. 36% melanoma; 60% vs. 43% NSCLC). Analysis of the pooled melanoma studies suggests PD-L1 negative melanoma patients with high baseline tumor burden and PS played a role in EM with HR before 60 days of 1.49 (0.75, 2.97). However, these results were not reproducible in NSCLC. Conclusions: Potential risk factors for EM were assessed in individual and pooled trials. While several factors—negative PD-1/PD-L1 status and high ECOG, LDH and tumor burden—seem to play a role in EM, these high-risk subgroups do not fully explain the EM patterns observed in the IO treated patients.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Anti‐HIV Activity of Polynitrile Derivatives (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Pupil is a Moving Target: Centration, Repeatability, and Registration (2004)

The pupil center can have a significant change in position with changing illumination. Wavefront data must be centered on a fixed eye structure rather than the pupil center to ensure that wavefront data captured in scotopic light are appropriately matched to the pupil in the photopic light used at surgery. The goal is to avoid clinically significant decentration of the wavefront between capture and excimer laser application.
Robustness characteristics of optimum structural/control design (1992)

An optimization program has been developed to design a minimum-weight flexible structure with constraints imposed on the closed-loop damping parameters, eigenvalue distribution, and the robustness bounds of the control system to retain stability under structured uncertainties. The formulation of approximate analytical expressions for the derivatives of the robustness measure is presented. The optimization problem was solved by using a nonlinear mathematical optimization technique. The numerical results are presented for the Draper 1 tetrahedral truss structure to satisfy different design requirements. These results indicate that the constraints on the damping parameters have to be imposed in addition to the robustness measure in order to improve the dynamic response. HE traditional approach to the design of a structure and control system has been sequential. The structure is first designed to satisfy the constraints on the allowable stresses, displacements, frequencies, etc., and then the control system is designed on this fixed structure. The control design has to satisfy its design requirements such as performance, control effort, robustness, stability, etc. This sequential approach generally does not lead to an optimum performance of the structure and control system for a specific mission. The opti- mum structural design and optimum control design have de- veloped into mature fields. However, because of the stringent requirements in the design of future aerospace structures, there is currently considerable interest in developing al- gorithms for the simultaneous design of the structure and control system. The mathematical model representing a physical system in- evitably contains inaccuracies. This would compromise the performance of the control system, making the system un- stable if one does not allow for these modeling errors. The modeling uncertainties are generally divided into two broad categories. The first is the parametric or structured uncertain- ties that result due to the variations in the real and analytical frequencies of the structure. The second is due to the unmod- eled higher frequencies. The robust-control system is designed to maintain closed-loop stability and performance in the pres- ence of unknown or known structured and unstructured un- certainties. The order of the finite element model of a space structure is generally too high and this necessitates the use of a reduced-order model constructed by truncating the higher vibration modes to design a controller. This reduction in the dimensionality of the controller sometimes leads to the spill- over effect when it is used on a higher order structural model. There have been various approaches proposed by different investigators in order to reduce or prevent the spillover effect. The objective of this paper was to develop an optimization algorithm to design a structure and control system by taking into consideration a robustness parameter that defines the structural uncertainties in a closed-loop system. The linear quadratic regulator (LQR) with a full-order controller is used
Wake-up Stroke and Onset-to-door Duration Delays: Potential Future Indications for Reperfusion Therapy. (2014)

The one- third proportion of wake-up stroke in this cohort and low prevalence of relative contraindications suggest this is a promising group for emerging thrombolysis indications. With the majority of patients presenting after 8 hours, widening of the therapeutic window with new potential reperfusion treatments would not appreciably increase treatment utilisation. This study reaffirms the urgent need for public education to improve stroke awareness in Singapore.
Man as Manager of Automated Resources in an Advanced Air Traffic System (1975)

The steady growth of civil aviation has produced a corresponding increase in the size and complexity of the system for air traffic surveillance and control. To meet the operational demands forecast for the end of the century, it is anticipated that the system must not only continue to grow but also undergo a change in character, making a transition from a man-intensive to a machine-intensive system. It is foreseen that automation will be introduced to replace the human operator in several major areas such as surveillance, much decision making, and most communication. The role of man is expected to evolve into that of a manager of automatd processes, involving matching the capacity of system resources to the total workload imposed by demand, assigning of resources, assuring quality, and maintaining the operation of the system in the event of automated resource failure or malfunction.
Catalase: a tetrameric enzyme with four tightly bound molecules of NADPH. (1984)

Catalases (H2O2:H2O2 oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.6) from many species are known to be tetramers of 60,000-dalton subunits, with four heme groups per tetramer. Previous authors have determined the amino acid sequence and three-dimensional structure of bovine liver catalase. Studies of the regulation of the pentose phosphate pathway led the present authors to a search for proteins that bind NADP+ and NADPH in human erythrocytes. An unexpected result of that search was the finding that a major reservoir of bound NADPH in human erythrocytes is catalase. Each tetrameric molecule of human or bovine catalase contains four molecules of tightly bound NADPH. The binding sites have the relative affinities NADPH greater than NADH greater than NADP+ greater than NAD+. NADPH does not seem to be essential for the enzymic conversion of H2O2 to O2 and water but does provide protection of catalase against inactivation by H2O2.
Changes in lymphocyte accumulation and proliferation in the lymph nodes draining the pregnant uterus. (1978)

Alternative local energy sources are becoming increasingly popular, creating a new network of small suppliers. Fluctuations in the supply from such sources may cause instability and inefficiency in electricity distribution networks. The IdeaNeD consortium in the Netherlands aims to solve these problems.
Mg(2+)-dependent cleavage of DNA into kilobase pair fragments is responsible for the initial degradation of DNA in apoptosis. (1994)

Cleavage of DNA into oligonucleosomal fragments, recognizable as a DNA ladder on agarose gel electrophoresis, is usually considered as the biochemical hallmark of apoptosis. Recently, it has been shown that this internucleosomal cleavage is preceded by the formation of large fragments of DNA of > or = 700, 200-250, and 30-50 kilobase pairs (kbp) in length. Using isolated thymocyte nuclei, we now demonstrate that the formation of these large fragments is Mg(2+)- but not Ca(2+)-dependent. Further degradation of > or = 460- and 200-250-kbp fragments to 30-50-kbp fragments but not oligonucleosomal cleavage is also Mg(2+)-dependent but is facilitated by Ca2+. In contrast, formation of oligonucleosomal fragments does not occur in the presence of either Ca2+ or Mg2+ alone but requires the presence of both cations. These results support the hypothesis that the formation of these large fragments and the subsequent internucleosomal cleavage are distinct steps in the degradation of DNA in apoptosis in thymocytes.
Cognitive radio as solution for ground-aerial surveillance through WSN and UAV infrastructure (2014)

Intelligent collaborative environments, where heterogenous entities operate together in achieving common mission objectives have been increasingly adopted for monitoring and surveillance of interest areas and physical infrastructures. They can be assembled from multiple existing technologies ranging from wireless sensor networks (WSN), terrestrial remote operated vehicles (ROV) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). In this context, we first introduce a multi-level system framework for multi-sensory robotic surveillance of critical infrastructure protection through communication, data acquisition and processing - MUROS. Leveraging a cognitive radio (CR) scheme is discussed as key point of the paper, arguing that by exploiting in an opportunistic fashion the time, frequency and spatial stream of the wireless environment, increased communication reliability can be achieved with positive impact on the availability and service level at each hierarchical level. The application of CR, given the heterogeneous nature of the application across multiple radio interfaces and protocols, stand outs as a novel and feasible research direction. We argument the advantages of this scheme within the constraints of a working scenario and define a simulation-based approach in order to validate our solution.
752. Phosphorus–nitrogen compounds. Part XIII. Phenoxy- and p-bromophenoxy-chlorocyclotriphosphazatrienes (1965)

D. Dell, B. W. Fitzsimmons and R. A. Shaw, J. Chem. Soc., 1965, 4070 DOI: 10.1039/JR9650004070
Interactions among Drugs for HIV and Opportunistic Infections (2001)

Drug interactions are an important factor in the treatment of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The complexity of current drug regimens for such patients requires that clinicians recognize and manage drug interactions. Antiretroviral drug regimens typically consist of three or four antiretroviral drugs but may include even more. In addition, patients may receive other drugs for supportive care, treatment of opportunistic infections, and immunomodulation, as well as alternative drugs obtained from health care providers other than their primary provider. Drug interactions are often unavoidable in HIV-infected patients because of the drug classes involved and the number of drugs . . .
Evaluating System Capabilities and User Performance in the Battlefield Augmented Reality System (2004)

We describe a first experiment in evaluating the system capabilities of the Battlefield Augmented Reality System, an interactive system designed to present military information to dismounted warfighters. We describe not just the current experiment, but a methodology of both system evaluation and user performance measurement in the system, and show how both types of tests will be useful in system development. We summarize results in a perceptual experiment being used to inform system design, and discuss ongoing and future experiments to which the work described herein leads. 1
Backward-Wave Oscillators (1955)

The Pierce traveling-wave tube theory is modified to apply to the backward-wave oscillator. Theoretical dependence of both starting current and frequency upon space charge and circuit loss is calculated, as is the dependence of efficiency upon these parameters. Good experimental confirmation is obtained with two tubes, one of which was of adjustable length. Pushing, pulling, stability, frequency gaps, and spurious oscillations are described and explained. Lack of oscillation at low-voltage end of tuning range of some tubes is tentatively assigned to a velocity-distribution effect.
fu chan ke shou shu huan zhe de xin li hu li ti hui (2014)

目的:探讨妇产科手术患者的心理护理及护理技巧。方法:回顾分析本院60例妇产科手术患者的临床资料,妇产科患者在进行手术之前,都会出现一些心理特征,从而影响手术的效果。结果:经相应的心理护理及相关的技巧,达到了显著的效果。结论:心理护理是妇产科手术患者整体护理中一个关键的环节,对解决心理问题具有重要意义,并对保障麻醉和手术的顺利施行起到保障的作用。
Information dimension, information overload and decision quality (1999)

The impact of information load (both under and overload) on decision quality is an important topic, yet results of empirical research are inconsistent. These mixed results may be due to the fact that information load itself is a function of information dimension. A meta-analysis of 31 experiments reported in 18 empirical bankruptcy prediction studies was conducted to test the effect of two information dimensions: information diversity and information repetitiveness. Results indicated that both information dimensions have an adverse impact on decision quality: provision of either diverse or repeated information can be detrimental to prediction accuracy. The findings have implications for information suppliers and researchers who are interested in improving the quality of human decision making.
HIGH CURRENT ION SOURCE (1985)

An ion source utilizing a cathode and anode for producing an electric arc therebetween. The arc is sufficient to vaporize a portion of the cathode to form a plasma. The plasma leaves the generation region and expands through another regon. The density profile of the plasma may be flattened using a magnetic field formed within a vacuum chamber. Ions are extracted from the plasma to produce a high current broad on beam.
Nonlinear Analysis of Newton-based Solvers for Multiphase Transport in Porous Media with Viscous and Buoyancy Forces (2014)

Summary Numerical simulation of multiphase flow in porous geological formations is widely used for subsurface flow management, including oil and gas production. Large-scale simulation is often limited by the computational speed, where nonlinear convergence is one of the main bottlenecks. The nonlinearity of flow properties, the coupling of driving forces for fluid migration, and the heterogeneities of the formation are three main causes for convergence difficulties. Here, we analyze the nonlinearity of two-phase transport in porous media, and we propose an efficient nonlinear solver based on this understanding. We focus on immiscible, incompressible, two-phase transport in the presence of viscous and buoyancy forces. We investigate the nonlinearity of the discrete transport equation obtained from finite-volume discretization with Single-Point Upstream weighting (SPU), which is the industry standard. In particular, we study the discretized numerical flux expressed as a function of the upstream and downstream saturations of the total velocity. We analyze the locations and complexity of the unit-flux, zero-flux, and inflection lines of the numerical-flux saturation space. The unit- and zero-flux lines, referred to as kinks, correspond to a switch in the flow directions of the different phases, and if SPU is used, then the numerical flux is not differentiable at those points. These kinks and inflection lines are major sources of nonlinear convergence difficulties, especially when their locations in the numerical flux depend on both saturations in the upstream and downstream cells. Our analysis of the discrete (numerical) flux offers a theoretical basis of the convergence challenges associated with multi-cell problems and serves as a foundation for developing efficient nonlinear solvers. With this understanding, we propose a nonlinear solution scheme that is a significant refinement of the works of Jenny et al. (2009) and Wang and Tchelepi (2013) . We divide the flux function into saturation ‘trust regions’ delineated by the kinks and inflection lines. Determining the boundary of each trust region is straightforward, and it only needs to be computed once in a preprocessing step before performing a simulation. The Newton updates are performed such that two successive iterations do not cross any trust-region boundary. If a crossing is detected, the saturation value is chopped back to the boundary. Our saturation chopping algorithms captures the inflection lines of the numerical flux much more accurately than the treatment of Wang and Tchelepi (2013) . The nonlinear convergence behavior is analyzed using numerical examples, and significant improvements over existing trust-region nonlinear solvers are demonstrated.