gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implementaion of ZigBee Based Train Anti - Collision And Level Crossing Protection System for Indian Railways (2013)

Implementation of an efficient ZigBee based Train Anti-Collision and Level Crossing Protection System for Railways is being proposed in this paper. The system has four sub modules namely, Train Module, Control Centre Module, Signalling Post Module and Level Crossing Gate Module. A safe distance of 1 Km has been maintained between the trains after applying the emergency brake in case of collision detection. Based on the studies, it is observed that even for two trains travelling at 140kmph, the safe distance after automatic braking under normal conditions is approximately 920m. All sub modules have been designed and simulated using Proteus electronic simulation package and the prototype is implemented. It is expected that if this system is implemented widely, train collisions and accidents at the Manned/Unmanned level crossing gate can also be avoided in the future.
Clickable Poly(ethylene glycol)‐Based Copolymers Using Azide–Alkyne Click Cycloaddition‐Mediated Step‐Growth Polymerization (2014)

The design, synthesis, and post‐polymerization functionalization of linear poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐based polytriazole copolymers containing thiol‐reactive maleimide functional groups as pendant side chains are described. A copper(I)‐catalyzed Huisgen‐type 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction is utilized to prepare copolymers through a combination of diazide‐ and dialkyne‐functionalized triethylene glycol derivatives, along with a dialkyne‐functionalized furan‐protected maleimide‐containing monomer. After the polymerization, a microwave‐assisted retro‐Diels–Alder reaction is utilized to unmask the pendant maleimide groups by removal of the furan moieties. Post‐polymerization modifications of these PEG‐based copolymers containing the furan‐protected maleimide group are accomplished using a photoinitiated radical thiol‐ene reaction, whereas polymers containing the reactive maleimide group are functionalized using the Diels–Alder and nucleophilic thiol‐ene reactions. The nucleophilic thiol‐ene reaction is utilized to fabricate hydrogels by treatment of the maleimide‐containing PEG polymers with dithiol‐containing crosslinkers. Facile functionalization of thus‐obtained hydrogels under mild conditions is demonstrated through the treatment of the residual maleimide groups within the hydrogel with a thiol‐containing fluorescent dye. image
Effect of wetting agents Corrosion. (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of wetting agents Corrosion.Mars G. FontanaCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1950, 42, 7, 65–66Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1950Publication History Published online6 October 2008Published inissue 1 July 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50487a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50487a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views46Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Titanium by design: TRIP titanium alloy (2009)

Liver biopsies were taken from 54 alcoholic HBV carriers with liver dysfunction to assess whether HBV infection or habitual drinking was the main cause of their illness. In 28 cases, ultrastructural studies were done. Results showed that 50% of the cases predominantly displayed virus-related histological changes, whereas 13% of them mainly had alcohol-related ones. Both pathological changes were evenly distributed in four cases. The remaining 15 cases showed nonspecific or other histological changes. Electron microscopy revealed that HBV core and Dane particles were seen with Mallory bodies in the same hepatocytes. Thus, we postulate that HBV-related changes are more often encountered than alcoholic ones in alcoholic HBV carriers and that HBV replication can occur even in hepatocytes bearing Mallory bodies.
Natural and Synthetic Modulators of the TRPM7 Channel (2014)

Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7 (TRPM7) is a bi-functional protein comprising a TRP ion channel segment linked to an α-type protein kinase domain. Genetic inactivation of TRPM7 revealed its central role in magnesium metabolism, cell motility, proliferation and differentiation. TRPM7 is associated with anoxic neuronal death, cardiac fibrosis and tumor progression highlighting TRPM7 as a new drug target. Recently, several laboratories have independently identified pharmacological compounds inhibiting or activating the TRPM7 channel. The recently found TRPM7 modulators were used as new experimental tools to unravel cellular functions of the TRPM7 channel. Here, we provide a concise overview of this emerging field.
A secure vlan construction protocol in wireless ad hoc networks (2005)

The virtual local area network (VLAN) technology is one of the hottest areas of networking systems. A VLAN is a logical rather than physical connection that allows network devices to be combined as "virtual LANs". By this characteristic, VLAN segment the network into different broadcast domains so that packets are only delivered between ports that are combined for the same VLAN. Wireless ad hoc networks also have the flexibility to collect more than two devices equipped with wireless communication and networking capability. The communications would be needed for some wireless devices but not all devices in an ad hoc network. So an ad hoc network needs to form multiple-group as "virtual LANs" to ensure reasonable performance and security. In this paper we propose a secure VLAN construction protocol (SVCP) in wireless ad hoc networks. For eliminating broadcast drawback, source node will serve as a temporary agent to form a VLAN, which generates a group key for secure communications.
<title>New Fiber Optic Data Bus Topology</title> (1982)

A fiber optic data bus topology is introduced which avoids both the "central failure point" problem that afflicts single star topologies and the intermessage dynamic range problem evident in systems using directional couplers.
Selective Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes, Carboxylic Acids, and Imines Catalyzed by a Ag-NHC Complex (2014)

Silver NHC catalysts have been developed for the selective oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes or carboxylic acids in the presence of BnMe3NOH or KOH under dry air. The aerobic oxidation conditions are mild, and the yield is excellent. Further tandem catalysis enables the one-pot synthesis of imines in excellent yield. Only 0.1 mol % of the catalyst is required.
Learning a Mahalanobis Distance-Based Dynamic Time Warping Measure for Multivariate Time Series Classification (2015)

Multivariate time series (MTS) datasets broadly exist in numerous fields, including health care, multimedia, finance, and biometrics. How to classify MTS accurately has become a hot research topic since it is an important element in many computer vision and pattern recognition applications. In this paper, we propose a Mahalanobis distance-based dynamic time warping (DTW) measure for MTS classification. The Mahalanobis distance builds an accurate relationship between each variable and its corresponding category. It is utilized to calculate the local distance between vectors in MTS. Then we use DTW to align those MTS which are out of synchronization or with different lengths. After that, how to learn an accurate Mahalanobis distance function becomes another key problem. This paper establishes a LogDet divergence-based metric learning with triplet constraint model which can learn Mahalanobis matrix with high precision and robustness. Furthermore, the proposed method is applied on nine MTS datasets selected from the University of California, Irvine machine learning repository and Robert T. Olszewski's homepage, and the results demonstrate the improved performance of the proposed approach.
A Case History: NMR Studies of the Structure of a Small Protein, ω-Conotoxin MVIIA (2003)

ω-Conotoxin MVIIA is a small toxin protein derived from the venom of a fish-hunting sea snail Conus mugus. The cone snail venom proteins, in general, display potency and selectivity toward certain pharmacological receptors (1), which has made them objects of intense study. The three-dimensional (3D) conformations of these molecules, in particular, have excited interest as possibly providing structural leads in rational drug design programs. The conotoxins are highly constrained conformationally by two or three disulfide bonds; these disulfide crosslinking motifs are strongly conserved, so it is thought that the pharmacological specificity of the various congeners resides in the high degree of variability manifested in the loop regions between the bridging cysteine residues (2). To date, there have been no X-ray crystal structures reported for a conotoxin, although NMR structures have been reported for α-conotoxin GI (3,4), µ-conotoxin GIIIA (5,6), and ω-conotoxin GVIA (7–10); also for ω-conotoxins MVIIA (11) and MVIIC (12,13). Of these, the structures of µ-conotoxin GIIIA (14), ω-conotoxin GVIA (8,10), ω-conotoxin MVIIA (11) and ω-conotoxin MVIIC (13) have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank at Brookhaven National Laboratory (15,16).
Radar sensors for hump yard and rail crossing applications (2013)

A radar sensor as part of the automatic shunting system has been developed for the remote control of track occupancy in the hump yard and railroad switch territories, enhanced by the speed control of rolling stock when it passes by the retarder. The sensors are equipped with systems of remote control. They are provided with systems of internal parameter diagnostics and transmission of the radar and service information to the control point and can work in information networks.
Theory of Dissipationless Nernst Effects (2010)

We develop a theory of transverse thermoelectric (Peltier) conductivity alpha(xy), in a strong magnetic field--this particular conductivity is often the most important contribution to the Nernst thermopower. We demonstrate that alpha(xy) of a free electron gas can be expressed purely and exactly as the entropy per carrier irrespective of temperature (which agrees with the seminal Hall bar result of Girvin and Jonson). In two dimensions we prove the universality of this result in the presence of disorder which allows explicit demonstration of a number of features of interest to experiments on graphene and other two-dimensional materials. We also exploit this relationship in the low-field regime and analyze the rich singularity structure in alpha(xy)(B,T) in three dimensions; we discuss its possible experimental implications.
The Predictive Role of the Biomarker Kidney Molecule-1 (KIM-1) in Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity (2019)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) following platinum-based chemotherapeutics is a frequently reported serious side-effect. However, there are no approved biomarkers that can properly identify proximal tubular injury while routine assessments such as serum creatinine lack sensitivity. Kidney-injury-molecule 1 (KIM-1) is showing promise in identifying cisplatin-induced renal injury both in vitro and in vivo studies. In this review, we focus on describing the mechanisms of renal tubular cells cisplatin-induced apoptosis, the associated inflammatory response and oxidative stress and the role of KIM-1 as a possible biomarker used to predict cisplatin associated AKI.
Use of image analysis techniques for objective quantification of the efficacy of different hair removal methods (2007)

In the field of consumer-used cosmetics for hair removal and hair growth reduction, there is a need for improved quantitative methods to enable the evaluation of efficacy and claim support. Optimized study designs and investigated endpoints are lacking to compare the efficacy of standard methods, like shaving or plucking, with new methods and products, such as depilating instruments or hair-growth-reducing cosmetics. Non-invasive image analysis, using a high-performance microscope combined with an optimized image analysis tool, was investigated to assess hair growth. In one step, high-resolution macrophotographs of the legs of female volunteers after shaving and plucking with cold wax were compared to observe short-term hair regrowth. In a second step, images obtained after plucking with cold wax were taken over a long-term period to assess the time, after which depilated hairs reappeared on the skin surface. Using image analysis, parameters like hair length, hair width, and hair projection area were investigated. The projection area was found to be the parameter most independent of possible image artifacts such as irregularities in skin or low contrast due to hair color. Therefore, the hair projection area was the most appropriate parameter to determine the time of hair regrowth. This point of time is suitable to assess the efficacy of different hair removal methods or hair growth reduction treatments by comparing the endpoint after use of the hair removal method to be investigated to the endpoint after simple shaving. The closeness of hair removal and visible signs of skin irritation can be assessed as additional quantitative parameters from the same images. Discomfort and pain rating by the volunteers complete the set of parameters, which are required to benchmark a new hair removal method or hair-growth-reduction treatment. Image analysis combined with high-resolution imaging techniques is a powerful tool to objectively assess parameters like hair length, hair width, and projection area. To achieve reliable data and to reduce well known image-analysis artifacts, it was important to optimize the technical equipment for use on human skin and to improve image analysis by adaptation of the image-processing procedure to the different skin characteristics of individuals, like skin color, hair color, and skin structure.
Effects of Particle Size on the Thermal Physical Properties of SiCp/Al Composites (2007)

The coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) of the 20 vol% SiCp/Al composites fabricated by powder metallurgy process were measured and examined from room temperature to 450°C The SiC particles are in three nominal sizes 5μm, 20μm and 56μm. The CTEs of the SiCp/Al composites were shown to be apparently dependent on the particle size. That the larger particle size, the higher CTEs of the composites, is thought to be due to the difference in original thermal residual stresses and matrix plasticity during thermal loading. The thermal conductivity of the composites also increases with particle size increasing.
이상지질혈증과 치료제 연구개발 경향 (2009)

Most of the cholesterol is synthesized by liver in the body while about one of third is taken via dietary. The main functions of cholesterol is to protect membranes in cell surface, avoid the arterial bleeding by hypertension, and prolong the life of erythrocytes, and so on. However, overload of cholesterol leads to arteriosclerosis associated with leading death cause. Lack of physical activity, emotional and environmental stress, and low intake of protein or vitamin E induce the unbalance between HDL- and LDL-cholesterol so become a basis of ischemic disorders in heart, brain and elsewhere in the body. So far, four major classes of medications for hyperlipidemia are HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins), bile acid sequestrants, nicotinic acid, and fibric acids. The statins can lower LDL and levels triglyceride, but may induce myopathy and an elevation of liver enzyme levels. The bile acid sequestrants lower LDL levels and raise HDL levels with no effect on triglyceride levels but side effects of gastrointestinal (GI) distress, constipation, and a decrease in the absorption of other drugs. Nicotinic acid and fibric acids lower LDL and triglyceride levels with showing flushing, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, GI distress, and hepatotoxicity dyspepsia, gallstones, myopathy, and unexplained noncardiac death as adverse effects. Above western drugs lower cholesterol by 15 to 30% while all have notable adverse effects. In traditional medicine, hyperlipidemia is regarded as retention of phlegm and fluid disease. Etiology and pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia is basically based on Spleen-Deficiency and Phlegm-Stagnation, accumulation and stasis of -heat, and Qi & blood stagnation induced by Phlegm-damp, water-dampness, and blood stasis. Thereby, strengthening Spleen and dissolving Phlegm, clearing away heat and diuresis, and supplementing Qi and activating blood circulation are commonly used therapeutic methods for hyperlipidemia. The traditional herbal medicine, have been used for patients with CVA, hypertension or hyperlipidemia in Oriental hospital or Oriental clinic. The lock and key theory is used to develop most of western medicine, however many diseases are caused by mixed factors in body-complex system. We expect that Oriental pharmacological theory could be newborn as a novel drug showing high advantage of blood levels of lipidsand QOL of performance without side effects.
Determination of the Horny Layer Profile by Tape Stripping in Combination with Optical Spectroscopy in the Visible Range as a Prerequisite to Quantify Percutaneous Absorption (1999)

A new method was developed to determine the horny layer profile of volunteers using tape stripping in combination with UV/visible spectroscopy. The optical absorbance and the weight of corneocyte aggregates were compared as parameters for the determination of the mass of the horny layer particles fixed to the individual tapes. It was shown that the potential disturbances influencing both parameters must be considered critically before calculating the correlation factor, found as R2mean = 0.93 +/- 0.05. It was proven that the absorbance in the visible range is better suited than the weight to quantify the amount of corneocyte aggregates removed by a single strip. The new method allows an exact anatomical localization of the individual tapes and all data obtained within the depth profile of the stratum corneum. This was exemplified by the determination of the penetration of chemical and physical UV filters into the horny layer.
Sound Visualization Using Embedding: The Art and Science of Auditory Autocorrelation (1998)

In this article, we examine the adaptation of a standard technique of mathematical analysis to the representation of sound. This technique is commonly referred to as embedding, or the method of delays, or the pseudo-phase space method (Moon 1987). We show that this method provides a compact way to represent multidimensional correlations of a musical signal; it also readily produces intricate color plots and movies that, at least in our view, are striking displays of sonic visual art. The work here builds on earlier
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetics of the Reaction of NO3 with HO2 (1988)

Abstract are studied by molecular modulation‐UV/VIS absorption spectroscopy.
Effect of Aspartate‐derived Amino Acids and Aminoethyl Cysteine on Growth of Excised Mature Embryos of Maize<sup>1</sup> (1980)

Twenty‐one amino acids were tested individually for their effects on growth of roots from excised mature embryos of maize ( Zea mays L.). Among these, tryptophan, tyrosine, threonine, and homoserine were partially inhibitory to root growth at 1 m M concentrations. Length and dry weight data showed that maize roots both from embryos and from kernels were synergistically inhibited by lysine + threonine but not other paired combinations of aspartate‐derived amino acids. Roots from embryos, however, were more sensitive to inhibition. The synergistic inhibition of embryo root length was near maximal at 1 m M lysine + 1 m M threonine. This synergism was not observed with other paired combinations of aspartatederived amino acids. Methionme and homoserine specifically relieved lysine + threonine inhibition, whereas 17 other amino acids were ineffective. These results are compatible with a model and published enzymology studies which suggest that exogenously added lysine and threonine may act as feedback inhibitors of aspartokinase and homoserine dehydrogenase, respectively, early enzymes in the aspartate biosynthetic pathway. The lysine analog, S ‐2‐aminoethyl‐ L ‐cysteine (AEC) was a potent inhibitor of root growth in maize seedlings. Among 21 amino acids tested, lysine was most effective in relieving AEC inhibition while arginine and methionine were partially effective.
Stress and Pregnancy Loss: Role of Immune Mediators, Hormones and Neurotransmitters (2001)

This review highlights recent studies investigating the impact of stress on pregnancy health or loss. Spontaneous abortion is the most common adverse pregnancy outcome, and stress has been suggested to be abortogenic in mice and humans. A wealth of information has been published on the effect of stress on the nervous, endocrine and immune systems during the past two decades. Stress- and/or pregnancy-related hormones (corticotropin releasing hormone, adrenocorticotropin, prolactin, and progesterone) might interact with peripheral and local immuncompetent cells, such as certain T cell subsets, mast cells or NK cells, and result in changes of cytokine production. Since a well-balanced interaction of nervous, endocrine and immune system is crucial for the maintenance of successful pregnancy, putative mechanisms and recent observations on stress-triggered pregnancy failure have been reviewed.
Integrated Project Support with IStar (1987)

Most integrated environments are built bottom-up, starting with language tools. But this limits comprehensive project support. IST's system focuses on the overall project task instead.
Crystal structure of vinblastine (2000)

Vinblastine sulfate has been successfully crystallized by the hanging-drop vapor diffusion method against polyethylene glycol and lithium sulfate, and its structure determined by X-ray crystallography. The molecular geometry is rather similar to that of vincristine, with the most notable difference being that the key COOCH3 group in the C18′ position is oriented in an opposite direction from that in vincristine. Half of the 9-membered azacyclononane ring in the catharanthine portion of the molecule is remarkably flat and coplanar with the indole ring, while the other half is in a boat conformation and fused with the piperidine ring in a chair conformation. The title compound crystallizes with an unusually large number of water molecules (nineteen), which form intriguing patterns of interconnected 5-membered rings (and some 6-membered rings) over substantial portions of the unit cell.