gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gasdynamic Study on Flow Characteristics of High Velocity Oxy-Fuel Thermal Spray Gun (1st Report, The Influence of Chamber Pressure and Barrel Length) (2006)

The High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) thermal spraying is a technique to make a coating on a solid surface. The gun consists of a supersonic nozzle followed by a straight passage called barrel. In this study, the internal flow of HVOF gun was analyzed by the theory of Fanno flow and the flow patterns are classified depending on barrel length and chamber pressure. The analytical results were evaluated by the experimental results including pressure distributions in the gun and schlieren photographs of jet. The analytical results show good agreement with the experimental results except for the condition that shock train stays inside the barrel.
Whole-Transcriptome Shotgun Sequencing (RNA-seq) Screen Reveals Upregulation of Cellobiose and Motility Operons of Lactobacillus ruminis L5 during Growth on Tetrasaccharides Derived from Barley β-Glucan (2013)

Lactobacillus ruminis is an inhabitant of human bowels and bovine rumens. None of 10 isolates (three from bovine rumen, seven from human feces) of L. ruminis that were tested could utilize barley β-glucan for growth. Seven of the strains of L. ruminis were, however, able to utilize tetrasaccharides (3-O-β-cellotriosyl-d-glucose [LDP4] or 4-O-β-laminaribiosyl-d-cellobiose [CDP4]) present in β-glucan hydrolysates for growth. The tetrasaccharides were generated by the use of lichenase or cellulase, respectively. To learn more about the utilization of tetrasaccharides by L. ruminis, whole-transcriptome shotgun sequencing (RNA-seq) was tested as a transcriptional screen to detect altered gene expression when an autochthonous human strain (L5) was grown in medium containing CDP4. RNA-seq results were confirmed and extended by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR assays of selected genes in two upregulated operons when cells were grown as batch cultures in medium containing either CDP4 or LDP4. The cellobiose utilization operon had increased transcription, particularly in early growth phase, whereas the chemotaxis/motility operon was upregulated in late growth phase. Phenotypic changes were seen in relation to upregulation of chemotaxis/flagellar operons: flagella were rarely seen by electron microscopy on glucose-grown cells but cells cultured in tetrasaccharide medium were commonly flagellated. Chemotactic movement toward tetrasaccharides was demonstrated in capillary cultures. L. ruminis utilized 3-O-β-cellotriosyl-d-glucose released by β-glucan hydrolysis due to bowel commensal Coprococcus sp., indicating that cross feeding of tetrasaccharide between bacteria could occur. Therefore, the RNA-seq screen and subsequent experiments had utility in revealing foraging attributes of gut commensal Lactobacillus ruminis.
Multi-region unstructured volume segmentation using tetrahedron filling (2024)

Segmentation is one of the most common operations in image processing, and while there are several solutions already present in the literature, they each have their own benefits and drawbacks that make them well-suited for some types of data and not for others. We focus on the problem of breaking an image into multiple regions in a single segmentation pass, while supporting both voxel and scattered point data. To solve this problem, we begin with a set of potential boundary points and use a Delaunay triangulation to complete the boundaries. We use heuristic- and interaction-driven Voronoi clustering to find reasonable groupings of tetrahedra. Apart from the computation of the Delaunay triangulation, our algorithm has linear time complexity with respect to the number of tetrahedra.
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Temperature Synthesis of Uranium Tetraboride by Solid‐State Metathesis Reactions. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cell lineage visualisation (2015)

Abstract Cell lineages describe the developmental history of Cell populations and are produced by combining time‐lapse imaging and image processing. Biomedical researchers study Cell lineages to understand fundamental processes such as Cell differentiation and the pharmacodynamic action of anticancer agents. Yet, the interpretation of Cell lineages is hindered by their complexity and insufficient capacity for visual analysis. We present a novel approach for interactive visualisation of Cell lineages. Based on an understanding of Cellular biology and live‐Cell imaging methodology, we identify three requirements: multimodality (Cell lineages combine spatial, temporal, and other properties), symmetry (related to lineage branching structure), and synchrony (related to temporal alignment of Cellular events). We address these by combining visual summaries of the spatiotemporal behaviour of an arbitrary number of lineages, including variation from average behaviour, with node‐link representations that emphasise the presence or absence of symmetry and synchrony. We illustrate the merit of our approach by presenting a real‐world case study where the cytotoxic action of the anticancer drug topotecan was determined.
Dispersion Measurement in Open Channels (1965)

The true longitudinal and transverse dispersion coefficients can be computed with time-concentration data collected in a two-dimensional tracer plume, which originated from an instantaneous point source. This fact can be of significant help in reducing the physical effort and the cost of field measurements. An empirical formula has been developed from flume data which is superior to the deterministic formulas derived for dispersion coefficient prediction. The same type of formula may be useful in prototype streams. There is not sufficient data presently available to adequately determine the utility of the empirical formula for use on prototypes.
Cooled Photoconductive Infrared Detectors* (1959)

Lead-telluride as well as two types of gold-germanium infrared detectors have been constructed and their characteristics analyzed. Parameters which distinguish one detector from another are spectral response, time constant, noise, and signal for a given incident power. All three materials must be cooled to about 90°K before they become useful. One type of gold-germanium detector has a long wavelength threshold at 9.5 μ, the other type and the lead telluride detector have a response extending to 6 μ. The germanium detectors owe their long wavelength response to excitation of carriers from the gold impurity states. In lead telluride, intrinsic excitation of carriers from valence to conduction band is responsible for the 6-μ threshold.Time constants of the 9.5-μ detector beyond 1.5 μ are less than 1 µsec. Time constants of the 6-μ germanium detector vary between 10 µsec and 1 msec; in lead telluride they are of the order of 15 µsec. Noise equivalent power of all three detectors is of the order of 10−10 w, referred to a 500°K blackbody.
ChemInform Abstract: A Versatile Synthesis of Amino Trifluoromethyl Ketones and Alcohols. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Synthesis of 1,2,4-Oxadiazoles via DDQ-Mediated Oxidative Cyclization of Amidoximes (2016)

An oxidative cyclization of amidoximes to form 1,2,4-oxadiazoles, mediated by 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ), is described. A range of alkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl substrates are tolerated under these conditions. This reaction serves as an alternate approach for the synthesis of functionally diverse oxadiazoles via a rapid and straightforward synthetic procedure.
The Hormonal Control of Activity of Skeletal Muscle Phosphorylase Kinase (1975)

Two tryptic phosphopeptides containing the sites on the alpha and beta subunits of phosphorylase kinase which are phosphorylated by protein kinase, dependent on adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP), have been isolated and their amino acid sequences have been determined. 32P-labelled phosphorylase kinase, containing 1.9 mol phosphate per mol enzyme, was digested with an equimolar quantity of trypsin for 2.5 min at pH 7.0, 20 degrees C. This treatment released nearly all the 32P radioactivity associated with the beta subunit as trichloroacetic-acid-soluble material. Only a small proportion of the 32P radioactivity associated with the alpha subunit was solubilised, the remainder being removed in the trichloroacetic acid pellet. The beta-subunit tryptic phosphopeptide was completely resolved from traces of the alpha-subunit phosphopeptide by gel filtration on Sephadex G-25. Further purification by peptide mapping separated the phosphopeptide into four components, each derived from the same nine-amino-acid segment of the betachain, which was found to possess the sequence: Gln-Ser-Gly-Ser(P)-Val-Ile-Tyr-Pro-Leu-Lys. The four components were produced by the partial cyclisation of the N-terminal glutaminyl residue, and by the presence of two alleles for the beta subunit in the rabbit population, which led to a valine-isoleucine ambiguity. The alpha-subunit phosphopeptide was liberated from the trichloroacetic acid pellet by redigestion with trypsin. It was the largest component in the digest which remained soluble in 5% trichloroacetic acid, and obtained in a highly purified form by a single filtration on Sephadex G-50. The peptide comprised 39 amino acids of which nine were serine and three were threonine residues. Only one residue, the serine at position three from the amino terminus, was phosphorylated. The amino-terminal sequence of the peptide was shown to be: Arg-Leu-Ser(P)-Ile-Ser-Thr-Glu-Ser-Glx-Pro-Asx-Gly. The sequences confirm the stoichiometry of the reaction and the absolute specificity of cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase for just two of the 200 serine residues in the enzyme. These results and an inspection of the rate of phosphorylation of a number of skeletal muscle proteins, including each enzyme of the glycolytic pathway, lead to the conclusion that cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase is an extremely specific enzyme. The molecular basis of this specificity is discussed.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of Peptide Isosters by Nucleophilic Reactions withN-Terminal Peptide Aldehydes on a Polar Support Tailored for Solid-Phase Organic Chemistry (1999)

A novel polar resin based on polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) serves as the support in a new concept for the solid-phase synthesis of peptide isosters under varied reaction conditions. An N-terminal peptide aldehyde is generated as a key intermediate on the solid phase (diagram) and further reactions yield various peptide isoster structures, which may potentially function as protease inhibitors.
Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Sec-Alcohols in Ionic Liquids/Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Biphasic Systems (2009)

Supercritical fluids and ionic liquids are neoteric solvents that can be used as non-conventional reaction media for enzymatic catalysis under optimised conditions. These solvents exhibit many different physical and chemical properties, but have two cross-points: they are not-miscible and can be easily separated from substrates and products, and they can be reused. As supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) can dissolve in the ionic liquid (IL) phase (up to 0.7 mole fraction), a new concept of biphasic bioreactors for Fine Chemicals syntheses may be developed by using both enzyme and chemical catalysts "immobilized" into the IL phase, and substrates transported by the scCO2 phase. The system was tested for the continuous chemoenzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of rac-1-phenylethanol in IL/scCO2 by using simultaneously immobilized lipase (Novozym 435) and acid zeolites catalysts at 50°C and 100 bars, providing good yields (up 98.0 %) for R-phenylethyl propionate ester with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 97.3 %), and without any activity loss after 14 days of operation.
Adverse Reactions to Iotroxate at Intravenous Cholangiography (1987)

The number and type of adverse reactions to meglumine iotroxate at intravenous infusion cholangiography, performed one day prior to elective cholecystectomy, were recorded in a prospective investigation of 196 asymptomatic, anicteric patients. One hundred ml (50 mg I/ml) of contrast medium was infused over a period of 30 minutes. Only 2 minor (1%) and no severe or fatal reactions were noted. A review of the literature on the use of iotroxate in 2492 patients, including those in the present investigation, revealed a complication rate of 3.5 per cent (3.0% minor, 0.3% moderate and 0.2% severe reactions) at infusion of iotroxate (5.0–8.0 g I) over a period of 30 to 120 minutes. This compared favourably with the 5 per cent complication rate (4% minor, 0.5% moderate and 0.5% severe reactions) at infusion of iodoxamate and the 9 per cent complication rate (5% minor, 1% moderate and 3? severe reactions) at infusion of ioglycamide. Irrespective of the contrast agent used, the frequency of adverse reactions at inf...
Conditional speculation and its effects on performance and area for high-level synthesis (2002)

We introduce a code transformation technique, "conditional speculation", that speculates operations by duplicating them into preceding conditional blocks. This form of speculation belongs to a class of aggressive code motion techniques that enable movement of operations through and beyond conditionals and loops. We show that, when used during scheduling in a high-level synthesis system, this particular code motion has positive effect on latency and controller complexity, e.g., up to 35 % reduction in longest path cycles and the number of states in the finite state machine (FSM) of the controller. However, it is not enough to determine complexity by the number of states in the control FSM. Indeed, the greater resource sharing opportunities afforded by speculation actually increase the total control cost (in terms of multiplexing and steering logic). This also adversely affects the clock period. We examine the effect of the various code motions on the total synthesis cost and propose techniques to reduce costs to make the transformations useful in real-life behavioral design descriptions. Using the MPEG-1 and ADPCM benchmarks, we show total reductions in schedule lengths of up to 50 % while keeping control and area costs down.
Cavity-enhanced microwave readout of a solid-state spin sensor (2021)

Overcoming poor readout is an increasingly urgent challenge for devices based on solid-state spin defects, particularly given their rapid adoption in quantum sensing, quantum information, and tests of fundamental physics. However, in spite of experimental progress in specific systems, solid-state spin sensors still lack a universal, high-fidelity readout technique. Here we demonstrate high-fidelity, room-temperature readout of an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy centers via strong coupling to a dielectric microwave cavity, building on similar techniques commonly applied in cryogenic circuit cavity quantum electrodynamics. This strong collective interaction allows the spin ensemble's microwave transition to be probed directly, thereby overcoming the optical photon shot noise limitations of conventional fluorescence readout. Applying this technique to magnetometry, we show magnetic sensitivity approaching the Johnson-Nyquist noise limit of the system. Our results pave a clear path to achieve unity readout fidelity of solid-state spin sensors through increased ensemble size, reduced spin-resonance linewidth, or improved cavity quality factor.
High magnetic permeability in a Ni-Fe-Cu-Mo alloy made by powder metallurgy (1969)

The initial permeability of high-permeability alloy sheet rolled from sintered compacts is substantially increased by sintering for times longer than are currently used. Complete alloying of copper does not take place in a compact using a conventional sintering time; sheet rolled from such a compact has a banded microstructure so that the material is slightly inhomogeneous. An upper limit to the initial permeability of such sheet is probably set by internal strains caused by local variations in the lattice parameter.
asButler usedtoprotect itsproduct makessenseforother Inresponse, Butler broughtsuitbasedon thedesignproducts wherethedesign oftheproduct islikely tobeoneof patents ithadobtained onitsproduct. Insupport ofitscase,itsmostimportant features. (1986)

ABSTRACT Appi. No.: 403.775 ~~~~~~~repetitively produce a trigger aignal. Thestimulator can ASRC § 102(elDate:Jul.9. 1982 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~HREICremoved.
A versatile new technique to clear mouse and human brain (2015)

Large volumes imaging with microscopic resolution is limited by light scattering. In the last few years based on refractive index matching, different clearing approaches have been developed. Organic solvents and water-based optical clearing agents have been used for optical clearing of entire mouse brain. Although these methods guarantee high transparency and preservation of the fluorescence, though present other non-negligible limitations. Tissue transformation by CLARITY allows high transparency, whole brain immunolabelling and structural and molecular preservation. This method however requires a highly expensive refractive index matching solution limiting practical applicability. In this work we investigate the effectiveness of a water-soluble clearing agent, the 2,2'-thiodiethanol (TDE) to clear mouse and human brain. TDE does not quench the fluorescence signal, is compatible with immunostaining and does not introduce any deformation at sub-cellular level. The not viscous nature of the TDE make it a suitable agent to perform brain slicing during serial two-photon (STP) tomography. In fact, by improving penetration depth it reduces tissue slicing, decreasing the acquisition time and cutting artefacts. TDE can also be used as a refractive index medium for CLARITY. The potential of this method has been explored by imaging a whole transgenic mouse brain with the light sheet microscope. Moreover we apply this technique also on blocks of dysplastic human brain tissue transformed with CLARITY and labeled with different antibody. This clearing approach significantly expands the application of single and two-photon imaging, providing a new useful method for quantitative morphological analysis of structure in mouse and human brain.
Genistein Derivatives Regioisomerically Substituted at 7‐O‐ and 4′‐O‐ Have Different Effect on the Cell Cycle (2013)

Our previous studies on antiproliferative properties of genistein derivatives substituted at C7 hydroxyl group of the ring A revealed some compounds with antimitotic properties. The aim of this work was to synthesize their analogues substituted at the 4′‐position of the ring B in genistein and to define their antiproliferative mechanism of action in selected cancer cell lines in vitro . C4′‐substituted glycoconjugates were obtained in a three‐step procedure: (1) alkylation with an ω ‐bromoester; (2) deacylation; (3) Ferrier‐type rearrangement glycosylation with acylated glycals. Biological effects including antiproliferative effects of the compounds, cell cycle, DNA lesions (ATM activation, H2A.X phosphorylation, and micronuclei formation), and autophagy were studied in human cancer cell lines. Some of the tested derivatives potently inhibited cell proliferation. The presence of a substituent at the 4′‐position of the ring B in genistein correlated to a p53‐independent G1 cell‐cycle arrest. The derivatives substituted at C4′ did not induce DNA lesions and appeared to be nongenotoxic. The tested compounds induced autophagy and caused remarkable decrease of cell volume.
1,2,3-Benzoxathiazole 2,2-dioxides: synthesis, mechanism of hydrolysis, and reactions with nucleophiles (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1,2,3-Benzoxathiazole 2,2-dioxides: synthesis, mechanism of hydrolysis, and reactions with nucleophilesKenneth K. Andersen, Diana D. Bray, Sumalee Chumpradit, Michael E. Clark, Gregory J. Habgood, Colin D. Hubbard, and Kathleen M. YoungCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 23, 6508–6516Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00023a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00023a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1113Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Study of Various Presentation Forms for a Peptide Mimetic of<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>Serogroup B Capsular Polysaccharide (2010)

The formulation of a broadly protective vaccine to prevent the serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis (MenB) disease is still an unmet medical need. We have previously reported the induction of bactericidal and protective antibodies against MenB after immunization of mice with a phage-displayed peptide named 4 L-5. This peptide mimics a capsular polysaccharide (CPS) epitope in MenB. With the aim of developing vaccine formulations that could be used in humans, we evaluate in this study various forms of presentation to the immune system of the 4 L-5 sequence, based on synthetic peptides. We synthesized the following: (i) a linear 4 L-5 peptide, (ii) a multiple antigen peptide containing four copies of the 4 L-5 sequence (named MAP), which was then dimerized, and the product named dimeric MAP, and (iii) a second multiple antigen peptide, in this case with two copies of the 4 L-5 sequence and a copy of a T-helper cell epitope of tetanus toxoid, which was then dimerized and the product named MAP-TT. The linear peptide, the MAP, and the dimeric MAP were conjugated to the carrier protein P64K by different conjugation methods. Plain antigens and antigens coupled to P64K were used to immunize BALB/c mice. Of those variants that gave immunogenic results, MAP-TT rendered the highest levels of specific antipeptide IgG antibodies and serum bactericidal activity. These results can find application in the development of meningococcal vaccine candidates and in peptide-based vaccines strategies.