gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solar resource assessment with a solar spectral irradiance meter (2014)

The SSIM prototype was designed at the University of Ottawa as a cost-effective alternative to a field spectrora-diometer. The instrument was installed at the University of Ottawa’s CPV testing facility in September, 2013, collecting the environmental and spectral data from October, 2013 to March, 2014. The SSIM’s performance was compared against an ASD field spectroradiometer and an Eppley pyrheliometer during a six month study. It was observed that the SSIM can accurately reproduce the solar spectrum and the direct normal irradiance. The mean difference between the SSIM and the Eppley pyrheliometer was within ±1.5% for cloudless periods in October, 2013. However, bandpass filter degradation and moisture ingress limited the long term performance of the device.
Self-Assembly and Self-Repair Algorithm for a Distributed Mechanical System (1997)

Self-assembly and self-repair algorithm for homogeneous distributed mechanical systems is proposed. We focused on a category of a distributed system composed of numbers of identical units which can dynamically change connections among them. Each unit has an onboard micro-processor and local communication between neighboring units is assumed to be available. A group of the unit with random configuration at the initial time metamorphoses into desired shape by cooperation of the units. This process called “self-assembly” is realized by homogeneous software. An extension of this process, “self-repair” is also examined. In self-repair, cut off of an arbitrary part of the system is considered. When some part of the system detects a damage the whole system degenerates and reconstructs itself.
Comparative Survival of Uncemented Acetabular Components Following Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty (2011)

There are significant differences in the long-term survival of different types of uncemented acetabular components following total hip arthroplasty. The increased risk of revisions in the second decade after the initial total hip arthroplasty is a concern and is largely due to a steady increase in revisions because of polyethylene wear, osteolysis, and component loosening more than ten years after the time of the index arthroplasty.
Development of Warm Compacted P/M Sprockets for Automotive Engines. (2001)

Since the introduction of warm compaction in 1994, several new warm-compacted powder metallurgy (P/M) parts have been developed. However, the main applications to date have been limited to machine tool parts and parts for agricultural tools, for example. Only a few automotive parts have been developed by using the warm-compaction method. Engine parts have not yet to be developed, particullary. Here, we investigate the mechanical properties and wear resistance of warm-compacted P/M materials, and the developed warm-compacted P/M engine sprockets. A method of controlling the powder temperature is also described.
Downscaling of Organic Field‐Effect Transistors with a Polyelectrolyte Gate Insulator (2008)

A polyelectrolyte is used as gate insulator material in organic field-effect transistors with self-aligned inkjet printed sub–micrometer channels. The small separation of the charges in the electric double layer at the electrolyte-semiconductor interface, which builds up in tens of microseconds, provides a very high transverse electric field in the channel that effectively suppresses short-channel effects at low applied gate voltages.
Wireless feedback and feedforward data flow control subject to rate saturation and uncertain delay (2016)

This study discusses wireless data flow controller design accounting for input signal saturation and an unknown delay. A main focus is to maintain a low real‐time computational complexity. This is motivated by a need to run a very large number of controllers in a single network node, e.g. in wireless 5G data flow control applications. Linear quadratic Gaussian design is therefore first applied to compute feedback and feedforward gains, for assumed nominal delays without accounting for the saturation that is caused by the one‐directional data flow. Gridding of design penalties, system parameters and delays are then used to pre‐compute and tabulate a subset of the ℒ 2 stability region by repeated evaluation of the Popov criterion. This step secures a second requirement of robust stability with respect to the uncertain feedback delay. The design is validated with simulation using a detailed model of a networked wireless data flow controller used in cellular communications.
Timing jitter of optical clock distribution induced by photodetection (2013)

Lower limit of the timing jitter in an optical clock distribution network due to shot and thermal noise using a realistic photo detector model is derived and its dependence on received energy is analyzed.
Bullet emboli to the systemic and venous circulation. (1990)

The rarity of bullet emboli leads to frequent delays in diagnosis and inadequate early management. Our recent experience with this entity is described, and 153 cases reported in the English-language literature are reviewed and summarized. The majority of cases occurs as a consequence of civilian violence among men in their 20s and 30s. Most bullet emboli follow the direction of blood flow, although 15% of venous bullets cause embolization in a retrograde manner. One in 10 arterial emboli follow a right-heart or venous injury. Arterial bullets are symptomatic in 80% of cases, venous bullets in only one third. The choice of surgical management must be individualized according to the symptoms caused by the bullet and its location in the vascular system. In general, arterial bullet emboli are removed because of symptoms or findings of acute peripheral ischemia. Arterial and venous emboli not causing symptoms should be removed according to the risk of possible displacement and further embolization. Selective intraoperative angiograms and phlebograms can precisely localize the migrating bullet and permit appropriate placement of incisions before removal.
Mössbauer Characterization of Carbon Supported Ruthenium−Tin Catalysts (1999)

119Sn and 99Ru Mössbauer spectroscopy was used to investigate catalysts of ruthenium and tin supported on activated carbon (Ru−Sn/C) containing 2 wt % ruthenium and having Sn:(Sn+Ru) ratios between zero and 0.4. Samples were subjected to different reducing and oxidizing treatments, and suitable precursor products were studied. Four major components in the 119Sn Mössbauer spectra are attributed to oxidic Sn(II) and Sn(IV) and to Ru−Sn and Ru−Sn−Ox species forming on the surface of ruthenium metal particles. In addition to this, the 119Sn spectra reveal the presence of minor amounts of Ru3Sn7. While some of the features of the 99Ru Mössbauer spectra cannot be interpreted unambiguously, the presence of tin leads to a substantial increase of the Lamb−Mössbauer factor of the metallic ruthenium particles, which shows that tin strengthens the attachment of the particles to the support even at very low tin loadings. None of the ruthenium−tin phases on the catalysts can be clearly identified as those responsible for the development of the catalytic activity and selectivity. The observed close contact between the two metals, however, appears to be decisive for the formation of catalytically active sites during the induction period at the beginning of the reaction.
Effects of parathyroid hormone on Wnt signaling pathway in bone (2005)

The Wnt signaling pathway has recently been demonstrated to play an important role in bone cell function. In previous studies using DNA microarray analyses, we observed a change in some of the molecular components of the canonical Wnt pathway namely, frizzled-1 (FZD-1) and axil, in response to continuous parathyroid hormone (PTH) treatment in rats. In the present study, we further explored other components of the Wnt signaling pathway in rat distal metaphyseal bone in vivo, and rat osteoblastic osteosarcoma cells (UMR 106) in culture. Several Wnt pathway components, including low-density lipoprotein-receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5), LRP6, FZD-1, Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1), and Kremen-1 (KRM-1), were expressed in bone in vivo and in osteoblasts in vitro. Continuous exposure to PTH (1-38) both in vivo and in vitro upregulated the mRNA expression of LRP6 and FZD-1 and decreased LRP5 and Dkk-1. These effects in UMR 106 cells were associated with an increase in beta-catenin as measured by Western blots and resulted in functional activation (three to six-fold) of a downstream Wnt responsive TBE6-luciferase (TCF/LEF-binding element) reporter gene. Activation of the TBE6-luciferase reporter gene by PTH (1-38) in UMR 106 cells was inhibited by the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, H89. Activation was mimicked by PTH (1-31), PTH-related protein (1-34), and forskolin, but both PTH (3-34) and (7-34) had no effect. These findings suggest that the effect of PTH on the canonical Wnt signaling pathway occurs at least in part via the cAMP-PKA pathway through the differential regulation of the receptor complex proteins (FZD-1/LRP5 or LRP6) and the antagonist (Dkk-1). Taken together, these results reveal a possible role for the Wnt signaling pathway in PTH actions in bone.
NMR study of a 34‐residue N‐terminal fragment of the parathyroid‐hormone‐related protein secreted during humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (1989)

The proton resonances of the biologically active peptide parathyroid-hormone-related protein (residues 1-34) were assigned using one-dimensional spin-decoupling techniques, two-dimensional correlated spectroscopy and by comparing the spectra of the peptides 1-20, 1-25, 1-29, 7-34 and 15-34. The conformation of 1-34 was determined using one- and two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy in the rotating frame. Amide proton temperature coefficients, vicinal coupling constants and circular dichroic spectra helped reveal a surprisingly compact structure with residues 3-9 forming alpha-helix, type-I beta-turns between residues 10-13 and 16-19 and several interactions between the N-terminal residues and the C-terminal residues. Of these latter, the strongest appeared to be between Asp-10 and Phe-22. One peptide surface in the deduced model presents multiple positive charges, while the opposite surface has a hydrophobic character possibly functioning to exclude water from the binding interface and enhancing the binding constant.
Judgment of musical emotions after cochlear implantation in adults with progressive deafness (2015)

While cochlear implantation is rather successful in restoring speech comprehension in quiet environments (Nimmons et al., 2008), other auditory tasks, such as music perception, can remain challenging for implant users. Here, we tested how patients who had received a cochlear implant (CI) after post-lingual progressive deafness perceive emotions in music. Thirteen adult CI recipients with good verbal comprehension (dissyllabic words ≥70%) and 13 normal hearing participants matched for age, gender, and education listened to 40 short musical excerpts that selectively expressed fear, happiness, sadness, and peacefulness ( Vieillard et al., 2008). The participants were asked to rate (on a 0-100 scale) how much the musical stimuli expressed these four cardinal emotions, and to judge their emotional valence (unpleasant-pleasant) and arousal (relaxing-stimulating). Although CI users performed above chance level, their emotional judgments (mean correctness scores) were generally impaired for happy, scary, and sad, but not for peaceful excerpts. CI users also demonstrated deficits in perceiving arousal of musical excerpts, whereas rating of valence remained unaffected. The current findings indicate that judgments of emotional categories and dimensions of musical excerpts are not uniformly impaired after cochlear implantation. These results are discussed in relation to the relatively spared abilities of CI users in perceiving temporal (rhythm and metric) as compared to spectral (pitch and timbre) musical dimensions, which might benefit the processing of musical emotions (Cooper et al., 2008).
Novel efficient and stable heteroaromatic two-photon absorbing dyes (2003)

The synthesis and characterization of novel heteroaromatic-based two-photon absorption (TPA) dyes for bio-conjugation is described; the new isothiocyanate and maleimide derive from a class of novel efficient quadrupolar and octupolar/branched chromophores relying on the electronic effects of electron-poor and electron-rich simple heteroaromatic rings; the new systems exhibit very large TPA cross-sections, high chemical stability, and very low photobleaching.
2 V/100 ns 1 T/1 C nonvolatile ferroelectric memory architecture with bitline-driven read scheme and non-relaxation reference cell (2002)

Recently, a nonvolatile memory embedded in microcontrollers has been required to have 100 ns access time at 2.0 V for mobile information terminals operating with a re-chargeable battery. To achieve this, this paper proposes new architecture for a ferroelectric nonvolatile memory (FeRAM) comprised of (a) Bitline-Driven Read Scheme and (b) Non-Relaxation Reference Cell for high speed and low voltage operation respectively. Using this architecture, a FeRAM with one transistor and one capacitor per bit (1T/1C) cell can have a performance of 100 ns access time at 2.0 V.
Androgen receptor-mediated apoptosis in bovine testicular induced pluripotent stem cells in response to phthalate esters (2013)

The androgen receptor (AR) has a critical role in promoting androgen-dependent and -independent apoptosis in testicular cells. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the ligand-independent apoptosis, including the activity of AR in testicular stem cells, are not completely understood. In the present study, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from bovine testicular cells by electroporation of octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4). The cells were supplemented with leukemia inhibitory factor and bone morphogenetic protein 4, which maintained and stabilized the expression of stemness genes and pluripotency. The iPSCs were used to assess the apoptosis activity following exposure to phthalate esters, including di (2-ethyhexyl) phthalates, di (n-butyl) phthalate, and butyl benzyl phthalate. Phthalate esters significantly reduced the expression of AR in iPSCs and induced a higher ratio of BAX/BCL-2, thereby favoring apoptosis. Phthalate esters also increased the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (p21(Cip1)) in a p53-dependent manner and enhanced the transcriptional activity of p53. The forced expression of AR and knockdown of p21(Cip1) led to the rescue of the phthalate-mediated apoptosis. Overall, this study suggests that testicular iPSCs are a useful system for screening the toxicity of environmental disruptors and examining their effect on the maintenance of stemness and pluripotency, as well as for identifying the iPSC signaling pathway(s) that are deregulated by these chemicals.
Paraphrenia: Paranoid States of Late Life. I. European Research (1980)

American psychiatry has traditionally viewed late-life paranoid states either as rare or not part of the schizophrenic syndrome. European psychiatry has not subscribed to this view. The literature (chiefly European) is reviewed from the standpoints of history of the disorder, diagnostic reliability, pre-onset sensory loss, the multiple determinants of paranoia, and the response of paraphrenic patients to treatment with phenothiazines. The evidence leads to the conclusion that late-life paranoid states are not rare, and that the diagnosis "paraphrenia" has real clinical utility. Moreover, there seems to be a substantial relationship between schizophrenia and paraphrenia.
Dreidimensionale gekoppelte mechanische und thermische Simulation in der Kalt- und Warmmassivumformung (1989)

Seitdem leistungsfähige elektronische Rechenanlagen zur Verfügung stehen, gewinnt die rechnergestützte Simulation immer mehr an Bedeutung. Die Simulation ermöglicht eine Vorhersage des realen Vorgangs noch vor Ablauf des eigentlichen physikalischen Geschehens. Für umformtechnische Vorgänge hat sich in den letzten Jahren die Methode der finiten Elemente als effektivstes Simulationsverfahren hervorgetan. Das entwickelte Verfahren basiert auf dieser Methode und eignet sich für die Kalt- und Warmmassivumformung. Es liefert detaillierte Informationen über die plastische Werkstückdeformation sowie Wärmeentstehung und Temperaturausgleich bei instationären Umformvorgängen. Zur Beschreibung des starr-plastischen Fließverhaltens wird das Werkstoffmodell nach Lévy–v. Mises herangezogen. Die Beschreibung der Reibung erfolgt mit Hilfe des Coulombschen Reibungsgesetzes. Ausgangsgleichung zur Berechnung von Wärmeentstehung und Temperaturverteilung ist die Fouriersche Differentialgleichung der Wärmeleitung. Die Anwendbarkeit des Simulationsverfahrens wird an Beispielen zum Kalt- und Warmstauchen von Stahl- und Aluminiumquadern gezeigt. Direkte Vergleiche von berechneten und experimentellen Untersuchungsergebnissen zeigen eine gute Übereinstimmung. For the metal-forming industry numerical simulation procedures are becoming more significant, because the tremendous costs for process development and experimental tools can be reduced. The finite element method is the most efficient numerical method to simulate metal forming processes. In this investigation a coupled three-dimensional analysis of rigid-plastic deformation and heat transfer is made. The finite element code is based on the rigid-plastic formulation by Lévy–v. Mises and Markov. Boundary tractions imposed in metal forming problems are mainly frictional forces. Modelling of these forces is made by means of the Coulomb friction coefficient. Considering that temperature changes in metal forming processes are mainly due to plastic work and losses to the environment, the Fourier law for heat flux is used. The formulation is tested with simulations in cold- and hot-upsetting of steel and aluminium square blocks.
Recent Advances on the Neuroprotective Potential of Antioxidants in Experimental Models of Parkinson’s Disease (2012)

Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative movement disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) is characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta region of the midbrain. Although the etiology of PD is not completely understood and is believed to be multifactorial, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are widely considered major consequences, which provide important clues to the disease mechanisms. Studies have explored the role of free radicals and oxidative stress that contributes to the cascade of events leading to dopamine cell degeneration in PD. In general, in-built protective mechanisms consisting of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in the CNS play decisive roles in preventing neuronal cell loss due to free radicals. But the ability to produce these antioxidants decreases with aging. Therefore, antioxidant therapy alone or in combination with current treatment methods may represent an attractive strategy for treating or preventing the neurodegeneration seen in PD. Here we summarize the recent discoveries of potential antioxidant compounds for modulating free radical mediated oxidative stress leading to neurotoxicity in PD.
On the relationship between local stresses and strains in Arctic pack ice (1991)

Local ice strains and in situ ice stresses were simultaneously measured on the Coordinated Eastern Arctic Experiment (CEAREX). The experiment took place in the fall of 1988 and was centered about an ice-strengthened ship moored to a multi-year floe in the pack ice northeast of Spitsbergen. During the period of data collection, which extended from early October to late November, the ship and the ice surrounding it drifted from 82°40′N, 32°32′E to 78°54′N, 31°27′E. As soon as ice temperatures were low enough to permit installation, stress sensors were placed at four sites, two sites on each of two adjacent multi-year floes. Principal stress components and the principal stress direction were determined at each sensor. At the same time, microwave transponders, capable of measuring ice deformation to accuracies better than 1 m, were positioned within 1 km of the stress sensors and provided an approximation of the local strain field. What makes this joint dataset particularly interesting is that it includes some large ridging events and a particularly large event which terminated the experiment when the multi-year floes in the local area were broken into small fragments. A wide range of ice stresses was measured during the period. The largest compressive stresses, about 250 kPa, were measured by the near-surface sensors. Although sensors in different locations responded differently to ice movement, the large events were common to all shallow sensors.
Breast Reconstruction in Older Women: Advantages of Autogenous Tissue (2003)

As the population ages, the treatment of breast cancer among elderly women is becoming increasingly common. Decisions with regard to breast reconstruction require not only consideration of patient age and comorbidities but also a need to balance life expectancy with quality of life. Although it is often assumed that implant-based breast reconstruction is the least disruptive method, especially among patients who may be facing limited survival times, it was hypothesized that autogenous tissue breast reconstruction is a well-tolerated and perhaps preferable means of reconstruction for older women who choose to undergo reconstruction following mastectomy. No large series of autogenous tissue reconstructions in this age group has been presented. A retrospective study of 84 postmastectomy reconstructions (66 unilateral and 18 bilateral; 78.6 percent immediate) performed at the authors' institution for 81 women 65 years of age or older, between April of 1987 and December of 2000, was undertaken. Reconstructions were implant-based ( = 26), latissimus dorsi flap-based ( = 24), or transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap-based ( = 34). Of the 34 TRAM flaps, 21 were free or supercharged. Breast complications were more frequent ( < 0.05) among recipients of implant-based reconstructions (76.9 percent) than among recipients of latissimus dorsi flap (41.7 percent) or TRAM flap (35.3 percent) reconstructions. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, comorbidities, smoking, radiotherapy, and body mass index had no effect. Medical complications without long-term sequelae were observed for two patients who underwent latissimus dorsi flap reconstructions and two patients who underwent free TRAM flap reconstructions; the difference in the rates of medical complications was not significant. At the mean follow-up time of 4.2 years, 92.8 percent of all study patients exhibited no evidence of disease. Notably, despite being free of disease, seven of the 26 patients (27 percent) who underwent implant-based reconstructions abandoned further reconstructive efforts after complications necessitated implant removal. It was concluded that age alone should not determine the type of breast reconstruction and that autogenous tissue breast reconstruction can be a safe successful alternative for women 65 years of age or older.