gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Associations between family history of colorectal cancer and genetic alterations in tumors (2001)

A family history of colorectal cancer has been consistently associated with an increased risk of developing colon cancer. However, there is limited information on the association between family history of colorectal cancer and genetic alterations that occur in colon tumors. In this study, we evaluate the association among genetic alterations of Ki-ras and p53, microsatellite instability and having a family history of colorectal cancer in a study of incident colon cancer cases (n = 1993) and population-based controls (n = 2,410). Although there was a slight nonsignificant increase in risk of having an unstable tumor among those with a family history of colorectal cancer, this increase in risk disappeared after excluding those people with a known mutation in either of the mismatch repair genes hMLH1 or hMSH2. A family history of colorectal cancer was not associated with Ki-ras mutations overall, although those with a G to T mutation of the second base of codon 12 were more likely to have a family history of colorectal cancer than were those without this specific type of Ki-ras mutation. Cases with p53 mutations were less likely to have a family history of colorectal cancer than were cases without a p53 mutation. We believe that, given the general lack of association between having a family history of colorectal cancer and genetic alterations in tumors, these alterations are acquired through disease pathways that involve exposure from diet, lifestyle or other environmental factors.
Purification, stabilization, and crystallization of a modular protein: Grb2 (1996)

We report here the purification and the crystallization of the modular protein Grb2. The protein was expressed as a fusion with glutathione-S-transferase and purified by affinity chromatography on glutathione agarose. It was apparent from reverse phase chromatography that the purified protein was conformationally unstable. Instability was overcome by the addition of 100 mM arginine to the buffers. Because Grb2 appeared to be extremely sensitive to oxidation, crystallization experiments were performed with a dialysis button technique involving daily addition of fresh DTT to the reservoirs. The presence of 8 to 14% glycerol was necessary to obtain mono-crystals. These results are discussed in relation with the modular nature of Grb2. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Phase equilibria in the presence of saline water systems and its application to the hydrate inhibition effect of produced water (1994)

The application of extended subsea gathering networks and transportation of unprocessed wellstreams are serious considerations for reducing field development and operational costs. These lines will convey a cocktail of multi-phase fluids, including produced water, which is a mixed electrolyte solution, and liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons. A good knowledge of the behavior of these complex systems is essential in the confident and economical design and operation of associated fields, pipelines and processing facilities. This paper presents a prediction model based on a rigorous thermodynamic approach in which an equation of state is combined with a modified Debye-Hueckel electrostatic term, with only one adjustable parameter for the water-rich phase. The water-salt parameter has been determined by using available vapor pressure depression data of single electrolyte solutions. Nine common salts, such as NaCl, KCl, CaCl{sub 2}, Na{sub 2}SO{sub 4}, NaF, NaBr, MgCl{sub 2}, SrCl{sub 2}, BaCl{sub 2} and their mixtures, have been modelled. The model predictions are compared with data generated in this laboratory and those in literature and good agreement is demonstrated. The model is also compared with four commercially available packages.
Yeast flavin-containing monooxygenase generates oxidizing equivalents that control protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (1999)

The flavin-containing monooxygenase from yeast (yFMO) catalyzes the O2- and NADPH-dependent oxidations of biological thiols, including oxidation of glutathione to glutathione disulfide (GSSG). Glutathione and GSSG form the principle redox buffering system in the cell, with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) being more oxidizing than the cytoplasm. Proper folding of disulfide-bonded proteins in the ER depends on an optimum redox buffer ratio. Here we show that yFMO is localized to the cytoplasmic side of the ER membrane. We used a gene knockout strain and expression vectors to show that yFMO has a major effect on the generation of GSSG transported into the ER. The enzyme is required for the proper folding, in the ER, of test proteins with disulfide bonds, whereas those without disulfide bonds are properly folded independently of yFMO in the ER or in the cytoplasm.
A sensitive high-throughput method to detect activating mutations of Jak2 in peripheral-blood samples (2006)

An activating mutation of the Jak2 tyrosine kinase (V617F) is commonly detected in polycythemia vera (65%-97%),[1][1]-[6][2] essential thrombocythemia (23%-57%),[1][1],[2][3],[4][4]-[6][2] and idiopathic myelofibrosis (35%-57%)[1][1],[2][3],[4][4]-[6][2] as well as at low percentages in other
The Role of Soluble TNF Receptors for TNF-α in Uveitis (2007)

sTNF-Rs are present in the ocular fluids of patients with uveitis. Intraocular levels of sTNF-Rs are significantly increased in patients with uveitis, particularly in those with active uveitis. The data suggest that intraocular sTNF-Rs may play a regulatory role in ocular inflammation such as occurs in uveitis.
VIRUS AND CELL INTERACTION WITH ION EXCHANGERS (1953)

At pH 7 the bacteriophages T1 and T2 attach to anionic exchangers when suspended either in distilled water or in salt solutions. They attach to cationic exchangers only in the presence of salt. T2 requires approximately ten times higher a salt concentration than does T1 virus, a relationship which is duplicated in the attachment of these phages to their common host cell, E. coli B. The host cell, E. coli B, attaches to anionic exchangers when suspended either in salt or distilled water, but does not attach to cationic exchangers even in 0.2 M NaCl. These observations support the hypothesis previously advanced that the role of cations in effecting union of viruses to their host cells is to neutralize the repulsive electrostatic potential due to the excess of negative charges on the surfaces of both bodies. Influenza virus similarly requires salt for attachment to cationic exchangers, and unites to anionic exchangers even in the absence of salt. It is therefore proposed that the same general principles which govern the behavior of the bacteriophage system, may also apply to host cell attachment of at least some mammalian viruses. T1 bacteriophage and influenza virus are readily eluted from cationic exchangers. T2 bacteriophage cannot be recovered in active form. Experiments with P(32)- and S(35)-labelled T2 bacteriophage reveal that shortly after its attachment to the resin, the virus is split into its phosphorus-containing DNA, and the sulfur-containing protein fraction. It is proposed that the splitting of phage into its protein and DNA components that occurs ordinarily at the surface of a cell is a result of the establishment of the primary electrostatic bonds, just as in the attachment to cationic exchange resins. The affinity of cationic resins for influenza virus is great enough to remove the virus almost completely from red cells to which it has become attached.
Synthesis of Ag-Au Nanoparticles by Galvanic Replacement and Their Morphological Studies by HRTEM and Computational Modeling (2011)

Bimetallic nanoparticles are important because they possess catalytic and electronic properties with potential applications in medicine, electronics, and chemical industries. A galvanic replacement reaction synthesis has been used in this research to form bimetallic nanoparticles. The complete description of the synthesis consists of using the chemical reduction of metallic silver nitrite (AgNO 3 ) and gold-III chloride hydrate (HAuCl) salt precursors. The nanoparticles display round shapes, as revealed by high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). In order to better understand the colloidal structure, it was necessary to employ computational models which involved the simulations of HRTEM images.
Biomesh Placement in Laparoscopic Repair of Paraesophageal Hernias (2008)

The placement of mesh in the crural closure of paraesophageal hiatal hernia repairs has been shown to decrease hernia recurrence rates. Typical synthetic mesh are easy to use but have high rate of erosion into the esophagus. Alternatively, biologic mesh decrease the risk of erosion, but are more difficult to manipulate, and there is currently no well-described method for securing them. Current fixation techniques of mesh are difficult, cumbersome, incur extra expense, and are not without complications. A method that requires no additional sutures or staples and achieves excellent contact and reinforcement of the crural closure is presented.
Acoustic performance of a Helmholtz resonator with flow (2011)

The effect of flow on the acoustic characteristics of a Helmholtz resonator is investigated experimentally. An impedance tube set-up has been modified to facilitate the measurement of transmission loss in the presence of mean flow. Acoustic impedance of the resonator is also measured with and without flow, enabling the analysis of this parameter as well. Transmission loss directly measured from the improved impedance tube set-up is then compared with that calculated from the acoustic impedance. The results demonstrate that the flow effect on Helmholtz resonators is dramatic in terms of the resonance frequency and peak magnitude by shifting the peak transmission loss frequency to higher values and deteriorating the peak transmission loss magnitude (18.3% increase and 31 dB decrease, respectively, for Mach number, Ma = 0.1).
Thermally induced defects in industrial diamond (2009)

3rd South African conference on photonic materials. Mabula Lodge, Limpopo, 23-27 March 2009
The Putative Secreted Serine Protease Chp-7 Is Required for Full Virulence and Induction of a Nonhost Hypersensitive Response by <i>Clavibacter michiganensis</i> subsp. <i>sepedonicus</i> (2009)

Molecular biological studies on Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, the causal agent of bacterial ring rot of potato, have gained greater feasibility due to the recent availability of whole genomic sequences and genetic tools for related taxa. Here, we describe the first report of construction and characterization of a transposon (Tn) mutant library of C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus sp. strain R10. Since virulence of R10 in potato has been shown previously to be associated with elicitation of a nonhost hypersensitive response (HR), the mutant library was screened initially for loss of HR in tobacco. The screen identified two HR-negative mutants containing Tn insertions within the same gene, CMS2989 (chp-7), although at distinct locations. chp-7 is one of 11 pat-1 homologs in C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. HR-negative mutants of R10 multiplied to the same extent as wild type in planta but were less virulent in potato. Complementation with chp-7 restored virulence as well as the HR phenotype. Together, these findings demonstrate a role for chp-7 in C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus-plant interactions.
THE FREE METHYLENE RADICAL (1933)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE FREE METHYLENE RADICALF. O. Rice and A. L. GlasebrookCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1933, 55, 10, 4329–4330Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1933Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1933https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01337a503RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views55Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (146 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Laser-powered dielectric structure as a micron-scale electron source (2007)

We describe a resonant laser-powered structure, measuring 1 mm or less in every dimension, that is capable of generating and accelerating electron beams to low energies (~ 1-2 MeV). Like several other recently investigated dielectric-based accelerators, the device is planar and resonantly excited with a side-coupled laser; however, extensive modifications are necessary for synchronous acceleration and focusing of nonrelativistic particles. Electrons are generated within the device via a novel ferroelectric-based cathode. The accelerator is constructed from dielectric material using conventional microfabrication techniques and powered by a 1 - <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">mu</i> m gigawatt laser. The electron beams produced are suitable for a number of existing industrial and medical applications.
Isolation and characterization of a pseudoautosomal region-specific genetic marker in C57BL/6 mice using genomic representational difference analysis. (1995)

Representational difference analysis was used to identify strain-specific differences in the pseudoautosomal region (PAR) of mouse X and Y chromosomes. One second generation (C57BL/6 x Mus spretus) x Mus spretus interspecific backcross male carrying the C57BL/6 (B6) PAR was used for tester DNA. DNA from five backcross males from the same generation that were M. spretus-type for the PAR was pooled for the driver. A cloned probe designated B6-38 was recovered that is B6-specific in Southern analysis. Analysis of genomic DNA from several inbred strains of laboratory mice and diverse Mus species and subspecies identified a characteristic Pst I pattern of fragment sizes that is present only in the C57BL family of strains. Hybridization was observed with sequences in DBA/2J and to a limited extent with Mus musculus (PWK strain) and Mus castaneus DNA. No hybridization was observed in DNA of different Mus species, M. spretus, M. hortulanus, and M. caroli. Genetic analyses of B6-38 was conducted using C57BL congenic males that carry M. spretus alleles for distal X chromosome loci and the PAR and outcrosses of heterozygous congenic females with M. spretus. These analyses demonstrated that the B6-38 sequences were inherited with both the X and Y chromosome. B6-38 sequences were genetically mapped as a locus within the PAR using two interspecific backcrosses. The locus defined by B6-38 is designated DXYRp1. Preliminary analyses of recombination between the distal X chromosome gene amelogenin (Amg) and the PAR loci for either TelXY or sex chromosome association (Sxa) suggest that the locus DXYRp1 maps to the distal portion of the PAR.
Modular first wall concept for steady state operation (1981)

On the basis of the limiter design proposed for ZEPHYR a first wall concept has been developed which can also be used as a large area limiter, heat shield or beam pump. Its specific feature is the thermal contact of the wall armour elements with the water-cooled base plates. The combination of radiation and contact cooling, compared with radiation only, helps to lower the steady state temperatures of the first wall by approximately 50 % and to reduce the cooling-time between discharges. Particulary the lower wall temperature give a larger margin for additional heating of the wall by plasma disruption or neutral beams until excessive erosion or damage of the armour takes place.
An Improved Access to 4‐Trifluoromethyl‐2(1H)‐quinolinones: The “Watering Protocol”. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hydrogen Peroxide as an Intermediate in Electrocatalytic Reduction of Oxygen. A New Method for the Determination of Rate Constants (1980)

On most electrocatalysts H2O2 is an intermediate in the electroreduction ofoxygen. H2O2 can decompose either chemically or electrochemically and inassessing the performance of the electrocatalyst it is crucial to distinguish betweenthese reaction paths. A simple method is proposed to determine whetheror not the chemical path is followed.
Ahnerts Astronomisches Jahrbuch 2009 (2008)

Ahnerts Astronomisches Jahrbuch ist das unentbehrliche Standardwerk für alle Sternfreunde. Im handlichen Zeitschriftenformat enthält es alle wichtigen Informationen über die Himmelsereignisse im "Internationalen Jahr der Astronomie" 2009, versehen mit Sternkarten, Hintergrundinformationen, Beobachtungstipps und den besten Aufnahmen von Amateurastronomen. So können sowohl Einsteiger als auch fortgeschrittene Sternfreunde Monat für Monat ihre eigenen Beobachtungen planen.
Initial results with prereconstruction dual-energy computed tomography (PREDECT). (1981)

Prereconstruction dual-energy computed tomography (PREDECT) produces rigorously exact reconstructions that accurately separate the total attenuation coefficient into two values, representing the Compton and photoelectric contributions. The images are obtained without polychromatic distortion and with an acceptable dose. PREDECT was used to scan objects and solutions of varying atomic number and electron density, specimens of normal and pathologic brain and other body tissues, and nine patients. The values for Compton and photoelectric attenuation of the different specimens were distinctive enough to provide "tissue signatures" of potential clinical usefulness. Eight of the nine patients studied provided acceptable images, which produced some tissue characterization. PREDECT appears to represent an advance over the previously used postreconstruction methods; areas of greatest potential are differential diagnosis, improved detection of abnormalities, and elimination of the polychromatic artifact.
Expression of CD8β and alteration of cell surface phenotype in adult T‐cell leukaemia cells (1997)

Typical adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL) cells have a CD4+ CD8- cell surface phenotype, but atypical phenotypes such as CD4+ CD8+ and CD4- CD8+ have also been reported. The CD8 molecule is composed of alpha and beta chains and commonly used monoclonal antibodies against CD8 molecule detect only CD8alpha. Since it has been reported that CD8alpha can be induced in mature CD4+ T cells by cell activation, but not CD8beta, we studied whether ATL cells which express CD8alpha may also express CD8beta. We found some cases of CD8alpha+ ATL were also positive for CD8beta. Furthermore, we experienced a case whose ATL cell surface phenotype changed from CD4+ CD8alpha+ CD8beta+ to CD4- CD8alpha+ CD8beta+ and finally to CD4+ CD8alpha- CD8beta-. Southern blot analysis revealed that the monoclonal integration of human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) was identical throughout the course of the study, indicating that a single clone had demonstrated the alterations. These data suggest that peripheral CD4+ CD8+ ATL cells can express not only CD8alpha, but also CD8beta and that a single ATL cell clone has the potential to change its surface phenotype in vivo as well as in vitro.
Eigenvector Methods for Analysis of Human PPG, ECG and EEG Signals (2007)

This paper presents eigenvector methods for analysis of the photoplethysmogram (PPG), electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG) signals recorded in order to examine the effects of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) at extremely low frequency (ELF) upon the human electrophysiological signal behavior. The features representing the PPG, ECG, EEG signals were obtained by using the eigenvector methods. In addition to this, the problem of selecting relevant features among the features available for the purpose of discrimination of the signals was dealt with. Some conclusions were drawn concerning the efficiency of the eigenvector methods as a feature extraction method used for representing the signals under study.
Deposition of Pt Nanoparticles on Ni Foam Via Galvanic Displacement (2016)

In the present study the Ni foam was modified with Pt nanoparticles via the galvanic displacement technique. A thin electroless Ni sublayer was deposited on the Ni foam substrate. Then, Pt nanoparticles were deposited on Ni/Ni foam by its immersion into a platinum-containing solution for various time periods. The morphology, structure and composition of the prepared catalysts were examined by means of FESEM, EDAX, and ICP-OES. The catalytic activity of PtNi/Ni foam with different Pt loadings was determined by measuring the amount of H 2 generated directly from aqueous alkaline solutions of NaBH 4 and compared with that of Ni/Ni foam . It was found that the PtNi/Ni foam catalysts show enhanced catalytic activity towards hydrogen generation as compared to that of Ni/Ni foam .
Valproate Induces the Unfolded Protein Response by Increasing Ceramide Levels (2016)

Bipolar disorder (BD), which is characterized by depression and mania, affects 1-2% of the world population. Current treatments are effective in only 40-60% of cases and cause severe side effects. Valproate (VPA) is one of the most widely used drugs for the treatment of BD, but the therapeutic mechanism of action of this drug is not understood. This knowledge gap has hampered the development of effective treatments. To identify candidate pathways affected by VPA, we performed a genome-wide expression analysis in yeast cells grown in the presence or absence of the drug. VPA caused up-regulation of FEN1 and SUR4, encoding fatty acid elongases that catalyze the synthesis of very long chain fatty acids (C24 to C26) required for ceramide synthesis. Interestingly, fen1Δ and sur4Δ mutants exhibited VPA sensitivity. In agreement with increased fatty acid elongase gene expression, VPA increased levels of phytoceramide, especially those containing C24-C26 fatty acids. Consistent with an increase in ceramide, VPA decreased the expression of amino acid transporters, increased the expression of ER chaperones, and activated the unfolded protein response element (UPRE), suggesting that VPA induces the UPR pathway. These effects were rescued by supplementation of inositol and similarly observed in inositol-starved ino1Δ cells. Starvation of ino1Δ cells increased expression of FEN1 and SUR4, increased ceramide levels, decreased expression of nutrient transporters, and induced the UPR. These findings suggest that VPA-mediated inositol depletion induces the UPR by increasing the de novo synthesis of ceramide.
Mechanical Evaluation of Cardiac Contractility in Left Ventricle with Disease Using Magnetic Resonance Tagging Technique. (2000)

The cardiac contractility in human hearts was investigated by analyzing the deformations of the left ventricular myocardial walls during systole using a magnetic resonance tagging technique. Subjects were ten normal humans, eight patients with a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and seven patients with a hypertensive heart disease (HHD). The minimum principal strain, which describes the maximum contraction, was employed as an index for an evaluation of the cardiac contractility. The obtained results showed that the minimum principal strains in local regions of the patients with a HCM were significantly smaller compared with those in corresponding regions of the normal humans, while the minimum principal strains in whole regions of the patients with a HHD were similar to those in corresponding regions of the normal humans. This study suggests that to evaluate the cardiac contractility from a mechanical point of view is useful for a quantitative evaluation of heart diseases.