gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[General Articles] Ribozyme-Based Gene-Inactivation Systems Require A Fine Comprehension of their Substrate Specificities; the Case of Delta Ribozyme (2003)

The ability of ribozymes (i.e. RNA enzymes) to specifically recognize and subsequently catalyze the cleavage of an RNA substrate makes them attractive for the development of therapeutic tools for the inactivation of both viral RNAs and mRNAs associated with various diseases. Several applicable ribozyme models have been tested both in vitro and in a cellular environment, and have shown significant promise. However, several hurdles remain to be surpassed before we generate a useful gene-inactivation system based on a ribozyme. Among the most important requirements for further progress are a better understanding of the features that contribute to defining the substrate specificity for cleavage by a ribozyme, and the identification of the potential cleavage sites in a given target RNA. The goal of this review is to illustrate the importance of both of these factors at the RNA level in the development of any type of ribozyme based gene-therapy. This is achieved by reviewing the recent progress in both the structure-function relationships and the development of a gene-inactivation system of a model ribozyme, specifically delta ribozyme.
Estimates of Maternal Mortality Worldwide Between 1990 and 2005: An Assessment of Available Data (2008)

Hill, K.; Thomas, K.; AbouZahr, C.; Walker, N.; Say, L.; Inoue, M.; Suzuki, E. Maternal Mortality Working Group Author Information
Effect of diether as internal donor on MgCl<sub>2</sub>‐supported Ziegler–Natta catalyst for propylene polymerization (2005)

Abstract This article demonstrates the influence of the molar ratio between diether as internal donor and Magnesium dichloride in processing of the catalyst preparation on the catalytic performance for propylene polymerization with MgCl 2 ‐supported Ziegler–Natta catalyst. The effect of electron donor on catalyst is investigated. The experimental data find that diether content on catalyst increases and Ti content on catalyst decreases with the increase of diether/Mg molar ratio. This result indicates that diether as internal donor is not coordinated to Ti species but to Mg species on catalyst. The introduction of diether remarkably improves the catalytic activity. The extents of improvement closely connect with diether/Mg molar ratio. The stereospecificity of catalyst intensively depends on the structure of diether as internal donor. The possible model of multi‐active sites on heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta catalyst is proposed to explain these phenomena. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1399–1404, 2006
Structure of the Hybrid-2 type intramolecular human telomeric G-quadruplex in K+ solution: insights into structure polymorphism of the human telomeric sequence (2007)

Formation of the G-quadruplex in the human telomeric sequence can inhibit the activity of telomerase, thus the intramolecular telomeric G-quadruplexes have been considered as an attractive anticancer target. Information of intramolecular telomeric G-quadruplex structures formed under physiological conditions is important for structure-based drug design. Here, we report the first structure of the major intramolecular G-quadruplex formed in a native, non-modified human telomeric sequence in K(+) solution. This is a hybrid-type mixed parallel/antiparallel-G-stranded G-quadruplex, one end of which is covered by a novel T:A:T triple capping structure. This structure (Hybrid-2) and the previously reported Hybrid-1 structure differ in their loop arrangements, strand orientations and capping structures. The distinct capping structures appear to be crucial for the favored formation of the specific hybrid-type intramolecular telomeric G-quadruplexes, and may provide specific binding sites for drug targeting. Our study also shows that while the hybrid-type G-quadruplexes appear to be the major conformations in K(+) solution, human telomeric sequences are always in equilibrium between Hybrid-1 and Hybrid-2 structures, which is largely determined by the 3'-flanking sequence. Furthermore, both hybrid-type G-quadruplexes suggest a straightforward means for multimer formation with effective packing in the human telomeric sequence and provide important implications for drug targeting of G-quadruplexes in human telomeres.
Thrombosis in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (2014)

Thrombotic events are very frequent and represent the main cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), mainly polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia. Pathogenesis of blood clotting activation in these diseases is multifactorial, and it involves various abnormalities of platelets, erythrocytes, and leukocytes, as well as dysfunctions of endothelial cells. These include not only elevations in the counts of circulating blood cells, arising from the clonal proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells, but also modifications of several physiological/molecular properties. Patients with MPN can be stratified in "high-risk" or "low-risk" thrombotic categories according to the age and history of thrombosis. The most commonly used front-line drugs for the treatment of high-risk patients include hydroxyurea and interferon alpha, whereas in low-risk patients, primary antithrombotic prophylaxis with aspirin is used. Future research should be focused on the evaluation of the role of biomarkers in identifying MPN patients at higher risk of thrombosis, who may benefit from primary thromboprophylaxis. Finally, a better understanding of the molecular events leading to the progress of the hypercoagulable state in MPN patients may provide appropriate tools for the development of targeted therapies based on reversal of coagulopathy.
Impact of childhood vitiligo on adult life (2008)

Reporting negative experiences from childhood vitiligo appears to be associated with HRQL impairment in young adults with vitiligo.
IDSIM2: an environment for mixed-mode simulation (2002)

IDSIM2, an integrated computer-aided VLSI design verification environment in which several types of simulation tools share a common hierarchical circuit database is described. IDSIM2 performs a mixed fast-timing/circuit simulation and supports a parallel processing feature. Several feedback processing methods are also available. Results demonstrate a speedup of up to 1000 times over conventional circuit simulators on typical mostly digital circuits. IDSIM2 accepts a SPICE input circuit description and flattens it to create a circuit database. Processing steps are then applied to add information to the database.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Improving Naturalness and Intelligibility of Helium-Oxygen Speech, Using Vocoder Techniques (1966)

Previous analysis of helium speech has shown that the peculiar characteristic of this speech is due primarily to changes in formant frequencies of the speaker. Changes in the fundamental pitch frequency of the speaker are small and usually can be neglected. Computation of the resonant frequencies of the vocal tract, as a function of the gas mixture occupying the tract, gives a reasonable estimate of the changes that can be expected in the formant frequencies. A modified channel vocoder was designed to restore approximately the normal values of the talker's formant frequencies, while preserving his fundamental pitch frequency. This “formant-restoring vocoder” (FRV) separates the spectral energy of the helium speech into a number of narrow bands, which then amplitude-modulate lower-frequency pitch harmonics derived directly from the helium speech. Helium speech from Sealab II was processed by an FRV simulated on a digital computer. Results of several simulations indicated that considerable improvement in naturalness and intelligibility of helium speech can be achieved.
Research on product characteristics: models, applications, and measures (1978)

This report summarizes research on product characteristics and provides a bibliography. (Product characteristics are objective properties of products.) Its purpose is to facilitate and encourage further research on the economics of product characteristics. Study of product characteristics is relevant to various problems: quality, grades, standards, product differentiation, and technological change, among others.\nThe report presents a model of consumer behavior and a model of firm behavior, both of which lead to three hypotheses, (a) Price paid for a product equals the sum of the monetary values of the product’s characteristics. Monetary value of each characteristic of a product equals the product’s marginal yield of the characteristic multiplied by the marginal implicit price paid for the characteristic. (b) Demand for a product is a function of product prices and product characteristics, (c) Total demand for a characteristic depends upon prices of products containing that characteristic, or, alternatively, upon prices of product characteristics. Statistical studies that bear on these three hypotheses are summarized. Linear programming models of blending operations also are used to derive the hypotheses. Results of applying one of the programming models to corn-blending operations are used in an evaluation of com grades. Work on accuracy of pricing of live slaughter cattle and hogs is reported. Pricing accuracy studies attempt to determine what prices "should be” from knowledge of a product’s actual characteristics. Various applications of the two economic models of consumer and firm behavior are discussed.
Climate change: how can primary health care practitioners and researchers make a bigger difference? (2010)

Aims & rationale/Objectives: The climate change research industry has been dominating Methods: The presentation uses literature reviews of the climate change and healthPrincipal findings: As a number of leading climate change researchers have suggestImplications: This paper shows how climate change research could be
New techniques for nonlinear system identification : a rapprochement between neural networks and linear systems (1992)

System identification is an area of research that has important implications for many problems. Techniques for system identification have been developed over a long period of time, with significant contributions made by Gauss (1890), Mener (1942), Kahnan (1956), and many others since. It is known however, that many physical processes are intrinsically nonlinear, and cannot be adequately approximated by linear models. Various methods have been devised to overcome this, including a generalization of the linear transfer function model to the nonlinear case, resulting in the Volterra series. Describing Functions, and linearization techniques using the extended Kalman filter have also been popular. There are disadvantages with these models however: the Volterra series has the problem of requiring a large number of terms, and in many cases a nonlinear model is required rather than a linearization of the system about some operating point. A number of other techniques have been proposed which include the State-Dependent Model, Bilinear model. Threshold Autoregressive model, and Exponential Autoregressive model. These models in one way or another attempt to generalize the linear transfer function description to the nonlinear case. More recently, neural networks have undergone rapid development and become recognized as powerful nonlinear approximation methods. Specifically, the proof that there exists a network, within the class of two-layer multilayer perceptrons, that is capable of approximating any nonlinear function to an arbitrary degree of accuracy has been a major milestone. The usefulness of this model has raised the question of whether it is possible to extend its modelling capabilities to time-dependent systems. Methods which have been proposed to do this, include the use of sampled raw input data fed to several input units, transforms of the input data, thereby producing a static representation of the input data, (that is, at least for the duration of the window, as in a Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT)). Other techniques have included the use of feedback connections in the network, and time-delays in various pathways. In spite of the desire to produce time-depedent models, there has been little use made of the existing principles of adaptive filter theory, and system identification. This thesis develops a new set of nonlinear system identification techiuques, biased on a rational approach to combining the powerful nonlinear approximation capabilities of multilayer perceptrons, with the known methods of adaptive filtering and system identification. It is shown that this approach is successful, through the introduction of new nonlinear models with useful properties which extend the capabilities of existing linear adaptive filters, and neural networks models for time-dependent data.Keywords: Neural Networks, Multilayer Perceptrons, Nonlinear System Identification, Adaptive Filters.
Grouping array layouts to reduce communication and improve locality of parallel programs (2002)

A data layout method, array grouping, is proposed to improve communication efficiency and cache utilization of parallel programs containing indirect array references or nonunit stride indexing. Conditions on where to apply this technique are specified in a series of theorems. The technique is then applied to a real finite element application. The experimental results show that communication is reduced by 15%, and data subcache misses by 40% on 56 processors of the KSR1 parallel computer.
Generalized Modeling of Spontaneous Imbibition Based on Hagen–Poiseuille Flow in Tortuous Capillaries with Variably Shaped Apertures (2014)

Spontaneous imbibition of wetting liquids in porous media is a ubiquitous natural phenomenon which has received much attention in a wide variety of fields over several decades. Many traditional and recently presented capillary-driven flow models are derived based on Hagen-Poiseuille (H-P) flow in cylindrical capillaries. However, some limitations of these models have motivated modifications by taking into account different geometrical factors. In this work, a more generalized spontaneous imbibition model is developed by considering the different sizes and shapes of pores, the tortuosity of imbibition streamlines in random porous media, and the initial wetting-phase saturation. The interrelationships of accumulated imbibition weight, imbibition rate and gas recovery and the properties of the porous media, wetting liquids, and their interactions are derived analytically. A theoretical analysis and comparison denote that the presented equations can generalize several traditional and newly developed models from the literature. The proposed model was evaluated using previously published data for spontaneous imbibition measured in various natural and engineered materials including different rock types, fibrous materials, and silica glass. The test results show that the generalized model can be used to characterize the spontaneous imbibition behavior of many different porous media and that pore shape cannot always be assumed to be cylindrical.
Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor increases circulating burst forming unit-erythron and red blood cell production in patients with severe human immunodeficiency virus infection (1990)

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a major regulatory factor controlling red blood cell (RBC) production in humans. Although other humoral factors can alter the proliferation of committed early erythroid progenitors in vitro, no factor other than EPO has been clearly shown to induce proliferation of these cells in vivo. In a clinical trail of recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and recombinant EPO in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, we noted reticulocytosis and increases in hemoglobin when G-CSF was administered before the administration of EPO. Subsequent studies demonstrated a significant increase in circulating burst forming unit-erythron (BFU-E) during daily recombinant G-CSF therapy. This increase was both time- and dose-dependent. The magnitude of increase in BFU-E correlated with the magnitude of increase in neutrophils and was associated with a mean increase in reticulocytes of 32,363/microL and a significant increase in mean hemoglobin of 1.04 +/- 0.34 g/dL over an 18-day interval. There was a significant increase in iron binding capacity and decreases in iron saturation and ferritin levels. In patients who were not recently transfused, there was an associated fall in endogenous erythropoietin levels. The increase in RBC production was most marked in patients who were severely anemic, transfusion-dependent, and who had elevated pretreatment EPO levels. There was no correlation between the increase in BFU-E and endogenous EPO levels or the time since last dose of zidovudine. The addition of recombinant EPO therapy three times weekly to patients did not result in further significant increases in BFU-E but did significantly increase hemoglobin. Our data suggest that recombinant G-CSF may be one of the hematopoietic factors that influences production of BFU-E and RBCs in humans.
Parallel‐coupled microstrip bandpass filters with a wide stopband using spur lines (2004)

Abstract In this paper, we propose a novel parallel‐coupled microstrip bandpass filter with a wide stopband. The proposed bandpass filter with spur lines provides a deep and wide stopband because spur lines can provide deep stopband characteristics in some frequency bands. Also, the experimental results show that the transmission coefficients of the proposed filter are lower than −50 dB around the 2 nd ‐ and 3 rd ‐harmonic frequencies. This operation can be obtained without increasing its size while the other features are not degraded. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 9–11, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20359
Retrievable surface storage of high-level radioactive wastes (1973)

From joint meeting of the American Nuclear Society and the Atomic Industrial Forum and Nuclear Energy Exhibition; San Francisco, California, USA (11 Nov 1973). A Retrievable Surface Storage facility (RSSF) for the interim storage of solidified high-level nuclear wastes will be built for the USAEC at Richland to serve until a permanent waste repository is established. Design criteria for the RSSF are presented, and the three basic storage concepts currently being evaluated, i.e., storage in cooled water basins, in air-cooled concrete vaults, and in air-cooled steel casks, are discussed. (LCL)
감성소재 PET 絲(사)의 계측방법에 따른 열 수축률 변화 (2001)

본 연구는 국내 7개 회사와 일본과 타이완 기업에서 만들어진 PET POY 사의 습열과 건축수축률을 연구하였다. 이들 사(絲)의 열적수축률들은 hank방법 (KSK 0215)과 Toray FTA-500 장치를 사용하여 측정되었으며 측정된 데이터는 측정방법에 따라 분석되고 토의되어졌다. 준비된 시료는 PET POY 85d/72f와 120d/35f이며 더구나 250d/48f와 155d/50f PET POY가 일본과 국내사 사이의 습열과 건열수축률의 비교를 위해서 역시 준비되어졌다. 그리고 각 시료들의 습열과 건열수축률들은 원사 케이크 내의 사(絲), 50,000m를 1개의 layer로 각각 나누어 각각의 layer 별로 측정되어졌으며 급내와 급간 열수축률이 측정 분석되었으며 국내와 외국 수입사(絲)에 따른 차이를 hank와 Toray 측정방법에 따라 분석하였다.
Home Security System for the Hearing Impaired (2021)

This paper aims at assisting the hearing impaired by providing innovative solutions to the numerous challenges experienced by them. These can be someone at the door, someone forcibly entering into the house or an alarm going off. Since about 5 percent of the world population experience hearing loss, it is critical to develop a home security system dedicated to them. The proposed device provides solutions to all problems the hearing-impaired encounter. Home security is made accessible to the Deaf and hearing impaired by including features that are essential and distinct to them. Hence, it can immensely improve the quality of life of the hearing impaired. The system provides surveillance using the Raspberry Pi which can be monitored from an Android application. A knock at the door, a doorbell press, smoke, gas, fire, Carbon Monoxide (CO) and water levels are monitored using the vibration, button, MQ2, MQ6, Flame, MQ7 and water level sensors, following which an alert is sent in case of unfavorable situations. The system also checks constantly for intruders using an ultrasonic sensor and an alert is sent in case of the same. In addition to this, a panic button that sends an SMS is provided to assist the user in case of an emergency. The proposed system can overcome the shortcomings of previous systems by providing unique and efficient solutions to the prevalent and severe issues faced by the hearing impaired.
From reaction to prediction: experiments with computational models of turn-taking (2006)

Deciding when to take (or not to take) the turn in a conversation is an important task.It has been stressed in the descriptive literature that such decisions must involve prediction, as they often seem to be made before a transition place has been reached.In computational systems, however, turn-taking is normally a reaction to parameters like pause length.In this paper, we report on experiments that try to bridge this gap.We describe an experiment (using controlled stimuli) that shows human performance at prediction of turn-taking decisions and then show that a model automatically induced from data can reach a similar level of performance.We then describe a series of experiments on spontaneous dialogue data where we combine pause thresholds with syntactic and prosodic information to make turn-taking decisions, successively reducing the pause threshold until reaction becomes prediction.All our classifiers improve significantly over the baselines; prediction however is shown to be the hardest task, and we discuss additional information sources that could improve it.
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mi>U</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math>symmetry breaking in decay constants and electromagnetic properties of pseudoscalar heavy mesons (2010)

In this paper, the decay constants and mean square radii of pseudoscalar heavy mesons are studied in the $SU(3)$ symmetry breaking. Within the light-front framework, the ratios ${f}_{{D}_{s}}/{f}_{D}$ and ${f}_{{B}_{s}}/{f}_{B}$ are individually estimated using the hyperfine splittings in the ${D}_{(s)}^{*}\ensuremath{-}{D}_{(s)}$ and ${B}_{(s)}^{*}\ensuremath{-}{B}_{(s)}$ states and the light quark masses, ${m}_{s,q}$ ($q=u$, $d$), to extract the wave function parameter $\ensuremath{\beta}$. The values ${f}_{{D}_{s}}/{f}_{D}=1.29\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.07$ and ${f}_{{B}_{s}}/{f}_{B}=1.32\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08$ are obtained, which are not only chiefly determined by the ratio of light quark masses ${m}_{s}/{m}_{q}$, but also insensitive to the heavy quark masses ${m}_{c,b}$ and the decay constants ${f}_{D,B}$. The dependence of ${f}_{{B}_{c}}/{f}_{B}$ on $\ensuremath{\Delta}{M}_{{B}_{c}{B}_{c}^{*}}$ with the varied charm quark masses is also shown. In addition, the mean square radii are estimated as well. The values $\sqrt{⟨{r}_{{D}_{s}^{+}}^{2}⟩/⟨{r}_{{D}^{+}}^{2}⟩}={0.740}_{+0.050}^{\ensuremath{-}0.041}$ and $\sqrt{⟨{r}_{{B}_{s}^{0}}^{2}⟩/⟨{r}_{{B}^{0}}^{2}⟩}={0.711}_{+0.058}^{\ensuremath{-}0.049}$ are obtained, and the sensitivities of $⟨{r}_{P}^{2}⟩$ on the heavy and light quark masses are similar to those of the decay constants.
A hierarchical carbon nanotube-loaded glass-filter composite paper interlayer with outstanding electrolyte uptake properties for high-performance lithium–sulphur batteries (2015)

A hierarchical CNT-loaded GF composite paper interlayer was fabricated by a sonication method. In this study, the GF paper offers outstanding electrolyte uptake, which is essential for preserving dissolved polysulphides, and the CNT networks provide a fast electron pathway for insulating the active materials. The GF/CNT interlayer-loaded Li-S cell exhibited a high capacity and long-term cycling performance.