gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PSLR estimation for SAR systems with consideration of clutter background (2005)

Besides spatial resolution, the peak sidelobe ratio (<i>PSLR</i>) is another important parameter to assess the quality of a SAR system. For the verification of SAR performance parameters, usually the point target responses of a number of ground-fixed reference targets such as corner reflectors or active transponders are evaluated in the processed SAR image. The area around these reference targets should consist of a (natural) cover with a radar backscattering coefficient σ<sup>0</sup> as small as possible in order to limit the backscattered clutter energy. For SAR systems with low <i>PSLR</i> requirements the effect of this clutter is mostly neglected and the <i>PSLR</i> is determined in a classical manner by the estimation of mainlobe and sidelobe amplitudes from the range and azimuth section of the two-dimenensional point target response. The verification of high performance SAR systems, where challenging performance specifications are to be fulfilled, requires a more accurate <i>PSLR</i> estimation. Hence, the ground clutter of the surrounding target area has to be taken into account. Due to the ground clutter's statistical nature the superposition of the clutter with mainlobe/sidelobe amplitude is stochastic, therefore these amplitudes and the <i>PSLR</i> itself can be regarded as random variables. In our paper we suggest a combined deterministic-statistical approach as a tradeoff to the fully statistical modelling of the <i>PSLR</i>. This approach exploits the statistical properties of mainlobe and sidelobe with consideration of point target and clutter energy. Error bounds of the estimated <i>PSLR</i> are derived using established parameters such as signal-to-clutter ratio (<i>SCR</i>) and the classically defined <i>PSLR</i>. Furthermore some simulational results are presented which enable an evaluation of the calculated error bounds.
Supersonic Particle Probes: Measurement of Internal Wall Losses (1990)

Abstract In the present study, the operating characteristics of supersonic particle probes are investigated. In particular, characteristics such as internal wall deposition and pressure recovery are examined. Three basic probe designs were tested in a cold flow experiment designed to simulate the hot, hostile environment of rocket and jet engine plumes. The probe designs consisted of two internal shock probes (Dehne and Colket probes) and one external shock probe (McGregor probe). In the internal shock probes the compression from supersonic to subsonic flow occurred either in a constant area throat (Dehne) or at a sudden expansion (Colket). In the external shock or McGregor probe, the shock was positioned slightly outside the entrance of the probe. From deposition studies performed on the probes, three factors were found to enhance deposition. These factors were: 1) shock-boundary layer interaction, 2) particle-boundary layer interaction, and 3) stagnation zones at sudden expansions. The probe with the lowest deposition was a McGregor probe with a 2.0° divergence angle. Using test particles with diameters of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 μm, the average losses in the McGregor probe were 14% while in the Colket and Dehne probes the losses were 18% and 22%, respectively. Pressure recovery was also found to be the greatest in the McGregor probe with 48% of the initial stagnation pressure regained. The Colket probe had only a 7% pressure recovery.
Comment on “A fallacious argument in the finite time thermodynamic concept of endoreversibility” [J. Appl. Phys. <b>83</b>, 4561 (1998)] (2001)

In his paper D. P. Sekulic [J. Appl. Phys. 83, 4561 (1998)] advances a number of arguments about finite-time thermodynamics which call for refutation as well as comment. It provides an opportunity to put into print a clarification of just what finite-time thermodynamics is, what it is not, and how it is related to some of the other, parallel efforts in the treatment of irreversible systems and their performance. The two major points of the present comment are (i) finite-time thermodynamics is a general theory independent of the concept of endoreversibility, which was originally introduced only to generate simple examples, and (ii) the strict division between the system to be optimized and the given fixed surroundings is essential to a correct interpretation of the results. I will refrain from commenting on details in D. P. Sekulic [J. Appl. Phys. 83, 4561 (1998)] in order not to obscure these main points.
FORMATION OF A NEW ACETOXY DERIVATIVE OF α-LIPOIC ACID BY MILD REACTION OF β-LIPOIC ACID WITH ACETIC ANHYDRIDE (1966)

1. A reaction of β-lipoic acid with acetic anhydride under mild conditions yielded an unknown product which liberated acetic acid by hydrolysis with NaOH. The product showed almost the same microbiological activity for Streptococcus faecalis 10 C1 and Corynebacterium bovis as α-lipoic acid and β-lipoic acid.2. The results of ultraviolet and infrared spectrophotometry and other tests confirmed the identity of the acetylated product with an acetoxy derivative of α-lipoic acid.3. Deuterium exchange studies revealed the possibility of a proton attracted to the carbon adjacent to the sulfoxide group in β-lipoic acid. A possible steric hindrance caused by the bulky side chain suggests that the acetylated product is 8-C-acetoxy-lipoic acid, the formation mechanism of which is thought to be analogous to that of the Pummerer reaction.4. Associated with the competitive inhibitory effect of 8-C-methyllipoic acid, the results obtained in this experiment would suggest the possible reactivity at carbon 8 of β-lipoic acid which may play an unknown interesting role in biological systems.
Keynote talk I: Syntax-guided synthesis (2015)

The classical formulation of the program-synthesis problem is to find a program that meets a correctness specification given as a logical formula. Recent work on program synthesis and program optimization illustrates many potential benefits of allowing the user to supplement the logical specification with a syntactic template that constrains the space of allowed implementations. The formulation of the syntax-guided synthesis problem (SyGuS) is aimed at standardizing the core computational problem common to these proposals in a logical framework [1]. The input to the SyGuS problem consists of a background theory, a semantic correctness specification for the desired program given by a logical formula, and a syntactic set of candidate implementations given by a grammar. The computational problem then is to find an implementation from the set of candidate expressions so that it satisfies the specification in the given theory. In this talk, we first describe how a wide range of problems such as automatic synthesis of loop invariants, program optimization, learning programs from examples, and program sketching, can be formalized as SyGuS instances. We then describe three different instantiations of the counter-example-guided-inductive-synthesis (CEGIS) strategy for solving the SyGuS problem. Finally, we discuss our efforts over the past two years on defining the standardized interchange format built on top of SMT-LIB, repository of benchmarks from diverse applications, organization of the annual competition, SyGuS-COMP, of solvers, and experimental evaluation of solution strategies. More information about our project is available at www.sygus.org. This research is supported by the NSF Expeditions in Computing project ExCAPE (award CCF 1138996).
Location and Orientation of the <i>phoA</i> Locus on the <i>Escherichia coli</i> K-12 Linkage Map (1971)

The order of gene loci in the phoA-phoR region of the Escherichia coli K-12 linkage map was demonstrated to be lac phoA proC phoR. The end of the phoA locus corresponding to the amino terminus of alkaline phosphatase was shown to be the end nearer proC. Translation (and transcription) of phoA is therefore in the anticlockwise direction relative to the conventional E. coli linkage map.
Catalytic Asymmetric Additions of Enol Silanes to In Situ Generated Cyclic, Aliphatic<i>N</i>‐Acyliminium Ions (2021)

Strong and confined imidodiphosphorimidate (IDPi) catalysts enable highly enantioselective substitutions of cyclic, aliphatic hemiaminal ethers with enol silanes. 2-Substituted pyrrolidines, piperidines, and azepanes are obtained with high enantioselectivities, and the method displays a broad tolerance of various enol silane nucleophiles. Several natural products can be accessed using this methodology. Mechanistic studies support the intermediacy of non-stabilized, cyclic N-(exo-acyl)iminium ions, paired with the confined chiral counteranion. Computational studies suggest transition states that explain the observed enantioselectivity.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite DNA markers in the malaria vector <i>Anopheles sacharovi</i> (2003)

Abstract The mosquito Anopheles sacharovi , a member of the A. maculipennis complex, is an important malaria vector in the Middle East. Here we describe the isolation of 15 microsatellite polymorphic loci from the A. sacharovi genome, displaying a high among‐individual diversity (0.30–0.92) in a sample from Turkey. Seven loci displayed a significant departure from Hardy–Weinberg proportions, suggesting a substantial frequency of null alleles. The remaining eight loci are good candidates for further genetic studies in this species.
HALOGENATION OF POLYETHYLENE BY RADIATION (1963)

The halogenation of polyethylene by dissolving polyethylene in a hydrocarbon halide followed by irradiation of the solution is described. The relation between dose and the rate of chlorination, dependency on the dose rate, the effect of reaction temperature, G value, and activation energy with respect to the chlorination of polyethylene mainly by carbon tetrachloride were determined. The results and similar experiments involving a catalyst instead of radiation show that the use of carbon tetrachloride may be expected to provide a chain reaction. Since, however, analysis was not made of other products than chlorinatad polyethylene, a definite conclusion cannot be drawn. Some physical properties of the halogenated polyethylene thus produced are given. (P.C.H.)
Grundämnessammansättning i olika partikelstorleksfraktioner av den atmosfäriska aerosolen (1978)

Beskrivning ges av analysteknik (protoninducerad röntgenstrålning), provtagningsteknik (kaskadimpaktor av Battelle-typ) och provberedningsteknik. Utfört arbete i form av provbehandlingsförbättringar, konstruktion och förbättring av provtagare, bestämning av lämpliga analysparametrar samt uppbyggnad av ett dataprogramsystem presenteras. Sammanställning av resultat i form av beräknade medelvärden i klasser efter luftmassans historia redovisas.
Hydroxyapatite orbital implants: indications for use and nursing considerations. (1992)

1. An orbital implant made of coralline hydroxyapatite is available as an enucleation, evisceration, or secondary orbital implant. This material is naturally occurring, nontoxic, nonallergenic, biocompatible, and resistant to infection. 2. Special nursing considerations, beginning with meticulous aseptic technique, are necessitated by the special preparation of the hydroxyapatite sphere for implantation. It is important to assess the patient's understanding of the surgical procedure, postoperative care regimen, and the importance of keeping follow-up appointments. 3. Coralline hydroxyapatite orbital implants undergo fibrovascular ingrowth, making them truly integrated orbital implants. Unique possibilities for prosthetic rehabilitation provide a significant improvement over previously available enucleation implants.
[Protective effect of tanshinone on injured cultured PC12 cells in vitro]. (2001)

Tanshinone protected PC12 cells from all injury models effectively in vitro. Its action may mainly focus on inhibiting development of the primary period of ischemia injury and calcium overloading injury.
Statistically based spatially adaptive noise reduction of planar nuclear studies (2005)

The data-driven Pixon noise-reduction method is applied to nuclear studies. By using the local information content, it preserves all statistically justifiable image features without generating artifacts. Statistical measures provide the user a feedback to judge if the processing parameters are optimal. The present work focuses on planar nuclear images with known Poisson noise characteristics. Its ultimate goals are to: (a) increase sensitivity for detection of lesions of small size and/or of small activity-to-background ratio, (b) reduce data acquisition time, and (c) reduce patient dose. Data are acquired using Data Spectrum’s cylinder phantom in two configurations: (a) with hot and cold rod inserts at varying total counts and (b) with hot sphere inserts at varying activity-to-background ratios. We show that the method adapts automatically to both hot and cold lesions, concentration ratios, and different noise levels and structure dimensions. In clinical applications, slight adjustment of the parameters may be needed to adapt to the specific clinical protocols and physician preference. Visually, the processed images are comparable to raw images with ~16 times as many counts, and quantitatively the reduced noise equals that obtained with ~50 times as many counts. We also show that the Pixon method allows for identification of spheres at low concentration ratios, where raw planar imaging fails and matched filtering underperforms. Conclusion: The Pixon method significantly improves the image quality of data at either reduced count levels, or low target-to-background ratios. An analysis of clinical studies is now warranted to assess the clinical impact of the method.
TRATAMIENTO QUIRÚRGICO DE LA TUBERCULOSIS PULMONAR MULTIDROGO RESISTENTE EN EL PERÚ: SERIE DE 304 CASOS (2009)

SOMOCURCIO, José G. [et al.]. Tratamiento quirúrgico de la tuberculosis pulmonar multidrogo resistente en el Perú: serie de 304 casos. Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Publica. [en línea]. jul./set. 2009, vol.26, no.3, p.289-293. ISSN 1726-4634.
Biosensor for toxic compounds using immobilized animal cell membrane. (1989)

The rapid and simple preliminary screening for toxic compounds was performed electrochemically by using the immobilized tissue sensor composed of an electrode system and a membrane filter-retaining living Chang Liver cells. Two type of sensor systems were developed as follows, The principle of toxicity detection in the first type is based on measuring the respiratory activity. The second type is based on measuring the cells' enzyme activity. In these sensor systems, the current increase was correlated with toxic activity. The sensor systems were applied to the detection of toxicity such as formalin, surfactants and food additives.
Kinematic Demands of Nucleus Replacement Technology (2008)

Recent advancements in biomaterial technologies have fostered growth in alternative surgical procedures to fusion surgery for treatment of early stages of degenerative disc disease. One application of immediate interest is that of nucleus replacement (NR). Novel materials are being developed to better match the nonlinear biomechanical properties of the native tissue [1]. The effects of changing the motion segment unit (MSU) properties via surgery (nucleotomy) or the placement of an NR material, changes the work required to move the altered spine condition through a prescribed kinematic path. The closer the loading mechanics of the altered spine are to the intact spine condition, the more likely the device will restore the native properties. The objective of this study was to use a kinematics based testing methodology to evaluate compliant materials being considered for NR devices.
Heat-resistant antifriction carbon plastics with super-thermoplastic polymer matrix (2015)

For the first time in Russia new antifriction carbon plastics based on super-thermoplastic matrix, made of polyheteroarylenes, have been developed by CRISM “Prometey”. These carbon plastics combine high strength and wear resistance at friction with lubricants made of water, including overheated up to 200°C, aggressive liquids, condensed gases, gasoline, oils, and in some cases without lubricants. The important advantage of new antifriction carbon plastics is the significant range of working temperatures from cryogenic (–240°C) up to 200°C. The paper describes successful experience of sliding bearings exploitation in centrifugal “hot” pumps of ship energy machines and vapor turbines.
The Strange Case of Privacy in Equilibrium Models (2016)

We study how privacy technologies affect user and advertiser behavior in a simple economic model of targeted advertising. In our model, a consumer first decides whether or not to buy a good, and then an advertiser chooses an advertisement to show the consumer. The consumer's value for the good is correlated with her type, which determines which ad the advertiser would prefer to show to her---and hence, the advertiser would like to use information about the consumer's purchase decision to target the ad that he shows.
Video 3: Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Myomectomy (2004)

Video Presentations: AUGS-SGS Abstracts: 2004 Joint Scientific Meeting The American Urogynecologic Society and The Society of Gynecologic Surgeons
Multicomponent Electrodes for Water Oxidation:  From Combinatorial to Individual Electrode Study (2002)

Combinatorial screening of platinum group metal (PGM) microelectrodes supported on graphite paper was carried out in a search for useful electrodes for water oxidation. This screening utilized a fluorescent acid−base indicator to identify the most active electrodes in 10 × 10 arrays. Individual Pt, Pd, Ir, Ru, Os, and Rh samples and mixtures of these metals were used to investigate their activities as electrodes for water oxidation. Supported Ru was the most active (i.e., had the lowest overpotential for water oxidation), but it was unstable when the applied potential was more than 1 V. A mixture of Ru and Ir showed significantly improved stability and activity for water oxidation. The most effective electrodes were composed of the four metals Ru, Pd, Ir, and Pt in a 47:15:23:15 atomic percent ratio. Bulk electrodes were also prepared for Pt/Pd mixtures by a sol−gel method. The optimal ratio of Pt to Pd found in the supported electrodes gave the highest activity for the bulk electrodes as well.
Leveraging Core Specialization via OS Scheduling to Improve Performance on Asymmetric Multicore Systems (2012)

Asymmetric multicore processors (AMPs) consist of cores with the same ISA (instruction-set architecture), but different microarchitectural features, speed, and power consumption. Because cores with more complex features and higher speed typically use more area and consume more energy relative to simpler and slower cores, we must use these cores for running applications that experience significant performance improvements from using those features. Having cores of different types in a single system allows optimizing the performance/energy trade-off. To deliver this potential to unmodified applications, the OS scheduler must map threads to cores in consideration of the properties of both. Our work describes a Comprehensive scheduler for Asymmetric Multicore Processors (CAMP) that addresses shortcomings of previous asymmetry-aware schedulers. First, previous schedulers catered to only one kind of workload properties that are crucial for scheduling on AMPs; either efficiency or thread-level parallelism (TLP), but not both. CAMP overcomes this limitation showing how using both efficiency and TLP in synergy in a single scheduling algorithm can improve performance. Second, most existing schedulers relying on models for estimating how much faster a thread executes on a “fast” vs. “slow” core (i.e., the speedup factor ) were specifically designed for AMP systems where cores differ only in clock frequency. However, more realistic AMP systems include cores that differ more significantly in their features. To demonstrate the effectiveness of CAMP on more realistic scenarios, we augmented the CAMP scheduler with a model that predicts the speedup factor on a real AMP prototype that closely matches future asymmetric systems.
Food intake alters the serum growth hormone response to bovine growth hormone-releasing factor in meal-fed Holstein steers (1988)

The hypothesis that endocrine or nutritional factors related to feeding may affect pituitary responsiveness to an acute challenge with bovine GH-releasing factor (1-44)-NH2 (GRF) was examined in steers. In these experiments, either steers were trained to consume their total daily food allotment in a 2-h period (meal-fed) or food was withheld at the normal time of feeding (sham-fed). In the first of three experiments, the serum GH pattern was determined around the time of feeding in meal-fed and sham-fed steers. The temporal GH rhythm in both groups appeared to be synchronized to the time of feeding, with limited pulsatile GH activity occurring 2-3 h after feeding. Baseline secretion of GH and total area under the GH response curve were lower (P less than 0.01) in meal-fed compared with sham-fed steers. In the second experiment, 50 micrograms GRF was injected i.v. in meal-fed steers at -4, -2, 0, +2, +4, +6 and +8 h relative to the time of feeding. The number of steers responding to GRF (53%), the amplitude of the GH peak (15.8 micrograms/l) and the area under the GH response curve (0.6 arbitrary units) were lower (P less than 0.001) after than before feeding (90 +/- 6 (S.E.M.)%, 61.3 +/- 3.2 micrograms/l and 2.0 +/- 0.3 units respectively). Of those steers responding to GRF, the GH response was significantly reduced following feeding compared with before feeding. In the third experiment, 50 micrograms GRF was injected i.v. in sham-fed steers at -4, -2, 0, +4 and +6 h relative to the time of sham-feeding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Standardized GMP-compliant scalable production of human pancreas organoids (2020)

This work represents a milestone for a GMP-compliance hPO production and, ultimately, their clinical application as a type 1 diabetes therapy.
Building A Better Wetland (1989)

Nouri described an engineering plan designed for the National Audubon Society to restore the Ballona Wetlands of southern California, which has been severely degraded by population growth, agricultural and industrial activity, road construction and other factors involved in development. The key goal of the plan was to restore the normal tidal flow from the Pacific that had been cut off by construction of a levee at the wetland’s northern edge. Nouri proposed that this could be done through a system of computer-operated tidal gates that would regulate water levels throughout the wetland automatically, exchanging nearly all the saltwater during each cycle. Also included in the design was a freshwater diversion component and use of the wetlands for flood control without compromising environmental standards. The project grew out of a proposal made by the owners of a 957 acre property, which included the Ballona Wetlands, to fund the restoration and create an endowment for continued maintenance of the wetland in order to gain approval to develop the remainder of the land. The Audubon Society also plans a “living wetlands museum” as part of the project.