gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elastic Scattering of Lithium Ions in Helium and Hydrogen (1967)

The cross sections for elastic scattering of 50- to 800-eV ${\mathrm{Li}}^{+}$ ions in He and in ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ have been measured using a method in which the energy-loss spectrum of the ions is observed as a function of the scattering path length. The experimental procedure yields directly the cross section for scattering outside a given angle which ranges from 10\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 160\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} in the center-of-mass system. From these data, the interaction potential was computed by a process which involves the numerical integration of the inverted orbit equation for a series of constant angular momenta. The potential so found may be represented by the Born-Mayer form within a few percent as $V(r)=3.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{2} {e}^{\ensuremath{-}5.1r}$ eV for ${\mathrm{Li}}^{+}$-He and $3.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{2} {e}^{\ensuremath{-}11.0r}$ eV for ${\mathrm{Li}}^{+}$-${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, with $r$ in \AA{}. The $V(r)$ for ${\mathrm{Li}}^{+}$-He has also been calculated using the two-center Thomas-Fermi-Dirac statistical model, yielding reasonably good agreement with the experimental result.
Reactive Behavior of Natural Manganese Oxides toward the Adsorption of Phosphate and Arsenate (2002)

Traces of arsenic can be selectively removed from drinking water by adsorption processes using natural manganese oxides. Monocomponent adsorption of phosphate and arsenate has been studied by means of column experiments with two natural manganese oxides. A simple technique was proposed to deduce the concentration variations at the column outlet from the conductivity and pH measurements. These macroscopic-scale data enabled us to obtain phenomenological information on the type of surface reactions involved. Two behaviors were encountered with the oxides: (i) only surface complexation was involved, the developed technique could be applied, and adsorption isotherms could be rapidly and accurately measured by a series of column experiments with very few analyses; or (ii) surface complexation was coupled with anion exchange. The latter behavior was far more complex, and the direct deduction of arsenate breakthrough from the conductivity and pH signals was no longer possible.
Sturge‐Weber Syndrome in Patients with Facial Port‐Wine Stain (2011)

Facial port-wine stain (PWS) may be associated with cerebrovascular abnormalities such as Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS). In a large series, we aimed to assess which topography of facial PWS can predict SWS. This was a cross-sectional study of consecutive patients with facial PWS seen in pediatric dermatologic or angiodysplasia consultations from 1993 to 2005 at the University Hospital Center of Tours. A standardized form was used to collect data on clinical and imaging findings. Patients with and without SWS were compared in terms of topography of the cutaneous angioma and related ophthalmologic and neurologic features. Two hundred fifty-nine patients were included, 15 with a diagnosis of SWS. All patients with SWS showed involvement of the V1 trigeminal cutaneous area. SWS was significantly associated with bilateral topography of the PWS, its extension to another territory, and involvement of the upper eyelid. Knowledge of the topography of facial PWS with risk of associated neurological or ocular anomalies allows for early diagnosis of SWS and avoids unnecessary and costly radiography for patients with uncomplicated facial PWS.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Al2 O 3 Thin Films under Reduced Pressures (1985)

thin films were deposited by reduced‐pressure CVD using aluminum tri‐isopropoxide as a source. The dependence of the growth rate on the substrate temperature and the source gas supply was determined. The activation energy of the decomposition reactions was determined to be 18 kcal/mol. The electrical resistivity and the dielectric properties are characterized. The origin of the frequency dispersion in the sample prepared under the surface reaction limited conditions are discussed.
VASCULAR CALCIFICATION IN PATIENTS WITH KIDNEY DISEASE: Inhibitors of Calcification in Blood and Urine (2007)

In bone and teeth formation, coordinated calcification is a highly desirable biological process. However, heterotopic calcification at unwanted tissue sites leads to dysfunction, disease and, potentially, to death and therefore requires prevention and treatment. With the recent discovery of calcification inhibitors we now know that biological calcification is not passive but a complex, active and highly regulated process. Calcification at vascular sites is the most threatening localization and manifests as part of atherosclerosis or arteriosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is often accompanied by intimal plaque calcification, whereas arteriosclerosis is characterized by calcification of the media. The severity of calcification of cerebral or coronary atherosclerotic plaques is associated with an increased incidence of events such as stroke or myocardial infarction. Medial calcification is the major cause of arterial stiffness, which contributes to left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure. Patients with chronic kidney disease are at especially increased risk for both intimal and medial calcification. In this context, it is currently thought that calcium-regulatory factors including fetuin-A, matrix Gla protein, osteoprotegerin, and pyrophosphates act in a local or systemic manner to prevent calcifications of the vasculature, and that dys-regulations of such calcification inhibitors may contribute to progressive calcifications. Nephrolithiasis represents another process of unwanted calcification responsible for significant morbidity. More than 80% of renal stones contain calcium. Urinary factors inhibiting calcification are citrate, glycosaminoglycans, Tamm-Horsfall protein, and osteopontin. This review summarizes current experimental and clinical data underlining the biological importance of these calcification inhibitors.
Possible hazards from irradiation with the carbon dioxide laser (1986)

Previous investigators, using relatively high irradiance levels, have been unable to demonstrate viable tissue in the plume during carbon dioxide laser vaporization. Our study was undertaken to reinvestigate this possibility, particularly at the lower irradiance levels that are currently in clinical use. Fresh post-mortem skin was injected with a known quantity of bacterial spores and vaporized at different levels of irradiance and energy fluence. The plume and splatter were collected and cultured. Spores were found following the vaporization of five of 13 specimens treated at an irradiance of less than 500 W/cm2, while there were none in the 20 specimens treated at an irradiance of greater than 997 W/cm2. These results show that the widely accepted assumption that the carbon dioxide laser produces a sterile field may be false and that viable particles may be disseminated during vaporization at low irradiance. This may be important when considering the treatment of potentially infectious lesions.
Uncertainty, Monogamy, and Locking of Quantum Correlations (2005)

Squashed entanglement and entanglement of purification are quantum-mechanical correlation measures and are defined as certain minimizations of entropic quantities. In this paper, we present the first nontrivial calculations of both quantities. Our results lead to the conclusion that both measures can drop by an arbitrary amount when only a single qubit of a local system is lost. This property is known as "locking" and has previously been observed for other correlation measures such as accessible information, entanglement cost, and logarithmic negativity. In the case of squashed entanglement, the results are obtained using an inequality that can be understood as a quantum channel analogue of well-known entropic uncertainty relations. This inequality may prove a useful tool in quantum information theory. The regularized entanglement of purification is known to equal the entanglement needed to prepare many copies of a quantum state by local operations and a sublinear amount of communication. Here, monogamy of quantum entanglement (i.e., the impossibility of a system being maximally entangled with two others at the same time) leads to an exact calculation for all quantum states that are supported either on the symmetric or on the antisymmetric subspace of a d/spl times/d-dimensional system.
Platelet count and platelet activation: Impact of a fat meal and day time (2007)

Platelet activation plays a pivotal role in arterial thrombogenesis and in cardiovascular diseas [[1], [2]]. It has been suggested that there is circadian rhythm of platelet function and that incre...
The <i>meta</i> Cleavage of Catechol by <i>Azotobacter</i> Species (1971)

Catechol was metabolized through 2‐hydroxymuconic semialdehyde by cell‐free extracts of benzoate‐grown Azotobacter Strains. Some properties of catechol 2,3 oxygenase preparations from Azotobacter vinelandii 206 are described. Two different enzymatic activities able to attack 2‐hydroxymuconic semialdehyde have been found in crude extracts from benzoate‐grown cells; one catalyses a hydrolytic release of formate from the semialdehyde and the other a dehydrogenation of this compound to 4‐oxalocrotonate. However, the low, non‐inducible levels of 2‐hydroxymuconic semialdehyde hydrolase activity appear negligible for metabolic purposes and the semialdehyde seems to be dissimilated almost exclusively via 4‐oxalocrotonate, by the action of a NAD + ‐dependent dehydrogenase, in Azotobacter strains. A tautomerase activity responsible for the interconversion of the enol and keto forms of 4‐oxalocrotonic acid was found in extracts from benzoate‐grown cells. 4‐Oxalocrotonate was stoicheiometrically converted to CO 2 and 4‐hydroxy‐2‐oxovalerate by a partially purified extract, with the transient formation of a compound that appears to be 2‐oxopent‐4‐enoic acid. The 4‐oxalocrotonate decarboxylase activity was stimulated by Mg 2+ or Mn 2+ ions and was inhibited by EDTA. Cell‐free extracts from Azotobacter strains converted synthetic 4‐hydroxy‐2‐oxovalerate to acetaldehyde and pyruvate. A reaction sequence, termed the 4‐oxalocrotonate pathway, for the dissimiation of catechol to acetaldehyde and pyruvate by Azotobacter species is presented. All the enzymes operative in this pathway were inducible, except the 4‐hydroxy‐2‐oxovalerate aldolase. The findings described here are discussed in connection with the two previously reported meta cleavage pathways for the oxidation of catechol in Pseudomonas strains.
Pre-Islamic Turkic Borrowings in Upper Asia (1995)

This inquiry will be limited to an analysis of Turkic borrowings that have been attested in inscriptions found in Mongolia and southern Siberia in the period beginning around the year 700 A.D., as well as in Turkic-Uighur manuscripts, beginning around the year 900 A.D., conserved in northern Tarim (especially in the Turfan region) and in Dunhuang, which is a Chinese outpost on the main road of the silk trade. We will look only at borrowings that predate Islamization, a process that developed rapidly during the eleventh century and of which some borrowings are still part of the language of the Islamic Turkish world. Although most of our study will concentrate on pre-Islamic borrowings that were fully assimilated into written words, we will will also investigate some transcriptions of foreign terms that are mentioned in various manuscripts of a theological bent (most notably of Indian, Iranian, Chinese, and Syriac origin and found in Buddhist, Manichaean, and Nestorian Christian texts) as well as words of a very technical nature. We will also look at more contemporary terms that are derived from several major semantic fields.
desire to reduce (or eliminate) complex and in P1149.4 Environment (1997)

An intrinsic response extraction algorithm is derivedand implemented to remove the parasiticeffects in P1149.4 analog measurement. Themethodology is tested on and verified by SPICEsimulation results and real measurement data.
Bioenergy Crops and Carbon Sequestration (2005)

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions constitute a global problem. The need for agricultural involvement in GHG mitigation has been widely recognized since the 1990s. The concept of C sinks, C credits, and emission trading has attracted special interests in herbaceous and woody species as energy crops and source of biofuel feedstock. Bioenergy crops are defined as any plant material used to produce bioenergy. These crops have the capacity to produce large volume of biomass, high energy potential, and can be grown in marginal soils. Planting bioenergy crops in degraded soils is one of the promising agricultural options with C sequestration rates ranging from 0.6 to 3.0 Mg C ha−1 yr−1. About 60 million hectares (Mha) of land is available in the United States and 757 Mha in the world to grow bioenergy crops. With an energy offset of 1 kg of C in biomass per 0.6 kg of C in fossil fuel, there exists a vast potential of offsetting fossil fuel emission. Bioenergy crops have the potential to sequester approximately 318 Tg C yr−1 in the United States and 1631 Tg C yr−1 worldwide. Bioenergy crops consist of herbaceous bunch-type grasses and short-rotation woody perennials. Important grasses include switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), elephant grass (Pennissetum purpureum Schum.), tall fescue (Fetusca arundinacea L.), etc. Important among short-rotation woody perennials are poplar (Populus spp.), willow (Salix spp.), mesquite (Prosopis spp.), etc. The emissions of CO2 from using switchgrass as energy crop is 1.9 kg C Gj−1 compared with 13.8, 22.3, and 24.6 kg C Gj−1 from using gas, petroleum, and coal, respectively. Mitigation of GHG emissions cannot be achieved by C sinks alone, a substantial reduction in fossil fuel combustion will be necessary. Carbon sequestration and fossil fuel offset by bioenergy crops is an important component of a possible total societal response to a GHG emission reduction initiative.
A 2.2GHz sub-harmonic mixer for directconversion receivers in 0.13/spl mu/m CMOS (2006)

A 0.13μm CMOS sub-harmonic mixer uses a passive switching network to achieve a dc offset of 0.7mV and a 2timesLO leakage of -91dBm at the RF port. The LO leakage is -95dBm, and the flicker-noise corner is 100kHz. The mixer requires an LO input power of -18dBm and consumes 13mW from a 1.2V supply
Characterization of the kinetics of the passive and active transport mechanisms for bile acid absorption in the small intestine and colon of the rat (1972)

Bile acid uptake occurs via passive diffusion in all regions of the intestine and via active absorption in the ileum. Determination of the passive permeability coefficient for ionized monomers ((*)P(-)) demonstrated that permeability decreased by a factor of 3.4, 6.8, and 8.1 for the addition of a hydroxyl, glycine, or taurine group, respectively, to the steroid nucleus. Removal of the negative charge increased permeation by a factor of 4.4; however, permeability coefficients for the protonated monomers showed the same relative decrease with addition of a hydroxyl group. The calculated incremental free energies of solution (deltaDeltaF(W-->1)) associated with these additions equaled + 757 (hydroxyl), + 1178 (glycine), and + 1291 (taurine) cal/mole. Passive permeability coefficients for the transverse colon showed the same relative relationships among the various bile acids. After making appropriate corrections for passive permeability across the ileum, apparent values for the maximal transport velocity ((*)V(max)) and Michaelis constant ((*)K(m)) of the active transport system were measured. (*)V(max) depended upon the number of hydroxyl groups on the steroid nucleus; values for the trihydroxy bile acids were high (1543-1906 pmoles/min per cm) while those for the dihydroxy (114-512 pmoles/min per cm) and monohydroxy (45-57 pmoles/min per cm) acids were lower. In contrast, (*)K(m) values were related to whether the bile acid was conjugated; unconjugated bile acids had values ranging from 0.37 to 0.49 mM, while values for the conjugated bile acids were approximately half as high (0.12-0.23 mM).
Characterisation of a new operon encoding a Zur-like protein and an associated ABC zinc permease in Listeria monocytogenes (1999)

Metal ions uptake is mainly studied for iron, as it has often been implicated in bacterial virulence. Although Listeria monocytogenes virulence is expected to be controlled by the iron availability, little is known about such an uptake and its regulation. We describe the analysis of the first operon involved in metal ions uptake in L. monocytogenes. Its three ORFs encode respectively (1) an ABC protein, likely implicated in zinc uptake, (2) a hydrophobic membrane protein, generally associated with ABC proteins and (3) a ferric uptake regulator-like protein, that we named zinc uptake regulator, as it shows strong homologies with the zinc uptake regulator, a regulator of the zinc homeostasis in Bacillus subtilis. The expression of this operon is regulated by the zinc concentration.
Effect of norfloxacin on theophylline metabolism (1989)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of norfloxacin on theophylline elimination. Ten normal volunteers were studied. In a randomized crossover sequence, each subject received 6 mg of aminophylline per kg of body weight by a 30-min intravenous infusion on day 4 of taking norfloxacin (400 mg every 12 h) or while drug free. Mean theophylline clearance decreased and mean elimination half-life increased after norfloxacin administration (from 0.036 +/- 0.006 to 0.033 +/- 0.004 liter/h per kg and from 8.7 +/- 1.2 to 9.5 +/- 1.5 h, respectively; P less than 0.05, Wilcoxon signed-ranks test). We conclude that norfloxacin taken in recommended doses for 3 days has a small inhibitory effect on theophylline metabolism that would probably not cause clinically important elevations in theophylline concentrations in most patients.
Embedded real-time operating system micro kernel design (2005)

Embedded systems usually require a real-time character. Base on an 8051 microcontroller, an embedded real-time operating system micro kernel is proposed consisting of six parts, including a critical section process, task scheduling, interruption handle, semaphore and message mailbox communication, clock managent and memory managent. Distributed CPU and other resources are among tasks rationally according to the importance and urgency. The design proposed here provides the position, definition, function and principle of micro kernel. The kernel runs on the platform of an ATMEL AT89C51 microcontroller. Simulation results prove that the designed micro kernel is stable and reliable and has quick response while operating in an application system.
Demonstration of Nodal Patterns in Vibrating Plates (1963)

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Dietary glucosamine under question (2009)

Annual sales of glucosamine as a neutraceutical for affecting cartilage in treatment of osteoarthritis are close to a billion dollars, but recent clinical studies have currently raised severe criticism regarding its functional value. Additional doubts can be raised by the knowledge of the well-defined cellular steps in glucosamine formation and production of glycosaminoglycans such as chondroitin. Glucosamine is produced in an activated state from glucose by essentially all cells for incorporation into glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins, and there have been no reports of any deficiencies in its production under any conditions. Nevertheless, many investigations of glucosamine, using cells or tissues, have claimed effects on cartilage and chondroitin sulfate. The significance of these studies is questionable since they have invariably been with concentrations that were 10- to 1000-fold higher than has been found in human serum or plasma after glucosamine ingestion. Experiments with cells or tissues using glucosamine in the low concentrations found after ingestion need to be examined before any conclusions are drawn concerning its direct action on cartilage and its potential for modifying osteoarthritis.
Phase equilibria and trace element partitioning in a magma ocean to 260 kilobars (1992)

A magma ocean can solidify in a way that is intermediate between perfect equilibrium and perfect fractional crystallization. In order to model quantitatively any fractional crystallization scenario, it is necessary to understand the geochemical characteristics of the phases that crystallize from a magma ocean, and how they vary with pressure. The crystallizing phase is called the liquidus phase, and their identities were determined by numerous experiments utilizing the multianvil apparatus. For chondritic compositions the liquidus phases are as follows: olivine at 1 atmosphere to 100 kilobars; garnet from 100 to about 260 kilobars; silicate perovskite from 260 kilobars to possibly the core-mantle boundary in the Earth.
Combining Biocontrol Agents to Reduce the Variability of Biological Control (2001)

ABSTRACT Two biocontrol agents, a yeast (Pichia guilermondii) and a bacterium (Bacillus mycoides), were tested separately and together for suppression of Botrytis cinerea on strawberry leaves. The aims of the research were to determine whether the use of their combination would broaden the environmental conditions under which biological control is effective, and to test the hypothesis that it would reduce the variability of control efficacy under diverse conditions. Applied separately, the biocontrol agents significantly inhibited spore germination, lesion formation, and lesion development at most temperatures, relative humidities, and spray-timing combinations (temperatures: 10, 15, 20, 23, 25, and 30 degrees C; relative humidities: 78, 85, 96, and 100%; and spray-timings: 0, 4, and 7 days before inoculation). However, control efficacy was highly variable, and under certain combinations it was not adequate. Control efficacy achieved by the biocontrol agents applied separately ranged between 38 and 98% (mean 74%) and the coefficient of variation ranged from 9.7 to 75%. The mixture of Bacillus mycoides and Pichia guilermondii suppressed Botrytis cinerea effectively (80 to 99.8% control) under all conditions, and the coefficients of variation were as low as 0.4 to 9% in all cases. Thus, application of both biocontrol agents resulted in better suppression of Botrytis cinerea, and also reduced the variability of disease control. Application of more than one biocontrol agent is suggested as a reliable means of reducing the variability and increasing the reliability of biological control.
10 W continuous-wave monolithically integrated master-oscillator power-amplifier (2007)

A semiconductor-based master-oscillator power-amplifier operating at 977 nm is demonstrated to emit more than 10 W continuous wave in a nearly diffraction limited beam with a narrow spectral bandwidth. The device consists of a distributed Bragg reflector laser and a flared amplifier monolithically integrated on a single chip.