gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Isolated Working Heart System for Large Animal Models (2014)

Since its introduction in the late 19(th) century, the Langendorff isolated heart perfusion apparatus, and the subsequent development of the working heart model, have been invaluable tools for studying cardiovascular function and disease(1-15). Although the Langendorff heart preparation can be used for any mammalian heart, most studies involving this apparatus use small animal models (e.g., mouse, rat, and rabbit) due to the increased complexity of systems for larger mammals(1,3,11). One major difficulty is ensuring a constant coronary perfusion pressure over a range of different heart sizes - a key component of any experiment utilizing this device(1,11). By replacing the classic hydrostatic afterload column with a centrifugal pump, the Langendorff working heart apparatus described below allows for easy adjustment and tight regulation of perfusion pressures, meaning the same set-up can be used for various species or heart sizes. Furthermore, this configuration can also seamlessly switch between constant pressure or constant flow during reperfusion, depending on the user's preferences. The open nature of this setup, despite making temperature regulation more difficult than other designs, allows for easy collection of effluent and ventricular pressure-volume data.
<i>p</i>‐Phenylenediamine sensitization is more prevalent in central and southern European patch test centres than in Scandinavian: results from a multicentre study (2009)

PPD sensitization caused by exposure to hair dyes is frequent and remains a present problem for patients visiting contact dermatitis clinics, especially in patch test centres located in Central and Southern Europe.
Lower limb involvement in spinal function and low back pain (2009)

In order to understand the varied clinical presentation of LBP patients, the function of the spine should be considered in the context of the whole body, especially the lower limb.
Incorporating prior knowledge into nonparametric conditional density estimation (2011)

In this paper, the problem of sparse nonparametric conditional density estimation based on samples and prior knowledge is addressed. The prior knowledge may be restricted to parts of the state space and given as generative models in form of mean-function constraints or as probabilistic models in the form of Gaussian mixture densities. The key idea is the introduction of additional constraints and a modified kernel function into the conditional density estimation problem. This approach to using prior knowledge is applicable to all nonparametric conditional density estimation approaches phrased as constrained optimization problems. The quality of the estimates, their sparseness, and the achievable improvements by using prior knowledge are shown in experiments for both Support-Vector Machine-based and integral distance based conditional density estimation algorithms.
ChemInform Abstract: SIMPLE ALKYNE ADDUCTS OF MOO(S2CNR2)2 (1979)

Abstract Die Titelverbindungen (I) werden durch Reaktion von Oxomolybdän‐bis‐[dithiocarbamaten] in CH 2 Cl 2 mit den Acetylenen dargestellt und durch IR‐ und NMR‐Daten charakterisiert.
Linear analogues derived from the first EGF-like domain of human blood coagulation factor VII: enhanced inhibition of FVIIa/TF complex activity by backbone modification through aspartimide formation (1999)

Coagulation factor VII bound to its cofactor tissue factor is the physiological initiator of blood coagulation. The interaction between factor VII and tissue factor involves all four of the structural modules found in factor VII, with the most significant contribution coming from the first EGF-like domain. In this study, the synthesis and biological activity of several analogues derived from the first EGF-like domain of FVII comprising the sequence 45–83 are reported on. The six cysteine residues found in the native protein were replaced by Abu. The peptides were isolated from a multicomponent mixture following standard Fmoc solid phase synthesis. Purification and characterisation of the heterogeneous product showed that aspartimide formation was a major side-reaction, occurring predominantly at the Asp46-Gly47 and Asn57-Gly58 dipeptides. Although relatively common in peptide synthesis, the extent to which this side-reaction had taken place was considered surprising. Reported herein are the analytical methods used to isolate and characterise several of the modified products. Also, the inhibitory effect of these peptides on the formation and enzymatic activity of the factor VIIa/tissue factor complex have been compared. Surprisingly, the peptide containing an iso-Asp residue at position 57 possessed 66-fold higher inhibitory activity compared with the original target peptide. A possible explanation for this increase in observed activity is presented. Copyright © 1999 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attrition in a Multicenter Clinical Trial for Panic Disorder (2010)

This study examined attrition in a multisite clinical trial for panic disorder. Of 379 eligible patients, 19 refused treatment (5% Refusal Rate), 104 discontinued treatment prematurely (19% Dropout Rate) or were withdrawn by the investigators (8% Withdrawal Rate), and 256 completed the treatment (68% Completion Rate). Logistic regression was used to examine 5 domains theorized to be related to attrition (e.g., diagnostic severity, treatment factors). Few variables were associated with increased odds of attrition at padj < 0.004. Younger age was the only independent predictor of attrition in the demographic factor model. Diagnostic severity and comorbidity, panic disorder symptom severity, treatment factors, and therapist factors were unrelated to study attrition. Patient dropout was highest after treatment sessions that targeted interoceptive and situational exposure exercises. Findings suggest that attrition may not strongly threaten the validity of results from treatment outcome studies.
LOW TEMPERATURE CATHODE SUPPORTED ELECTROLYTES (2000)

This project has three main goals: Thin Films Studies, Preparation of Graded Porous Substrates and Basic Electrical Characterization and testing of Planar Single Cells. During this time period substantial progress has been made in developing low temperature deposition techniques to produce dense, nanocrystalline yttrium-stabilized zirconia films on both dense oxide and polymer substrates. Microstructural changes in unsupported nanocrystalline yttrium stabilized zirconia (ZrO{sub 2}:16%Y, or YSZ) thin films were examined as a function of temperature and annealing time in order to determine the grain growth exponent and the mechanisms of pinhole formation. Grain growth and pinhole formation were measured using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), normal imaging mode transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron diffraction, and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDS). Grain growth was found to vary with a time exponent of about one half before pinhole formation and about one third after. Pinhole formation in 70 nm thick films occurred at temperatures near 600 C, corresponding to a grain size of about 15 nm, or a grain size to film thickness ration of approximately 0.25. The deposition of films on porous substrates is hampered by the penetration of the polymer precursor solution into the substrate whose pores as > 0.2 {micro}m, therefore much attention has to be paid to the development of porous colloidal oxide films onto surfaces. Thus during this line period we have been studying these films. Optical properties have proven to be an excellent way to study the quality of these nanoporous films. The influence of porosity and densification on optical properties of films on sapphire substrates that were prepared from water colloidal suspensions of small ({approx}5nm) particles of ceria was investigated. The colloidal ceria films have initially very porous structure (porosity about 50%) and densification starts at about 600 C accompanied by grain growth. The concurrence of these two processes makes it difficult to interpret the results of the optical spectrophotometry, but the combination of transmittance and reflectance measurements provides enough data to separate these two influences and to calculate the porosity, particle size and energy band gap separately. XRD, SEM, ellipsometry and mechanical profilometry were used to confirm the results obtained from the spectrophotometric measurements. All these methods gave results, which are in good agreement: the change in the porosity from 50% to 15% and the particle size increased from 5 to 65nm in the temperature region from 400 to 1000 C. An important result of the investigation is the fact that the main optical properties of the coating such as refractive index and band gap energy depend only on the porosity, but not on the grain size. The grain size influences the scattering properties of the coating, which allows the grain size to be estimated from optical measurements.
Les Exclusions hors du Parti Communiste Francais (1987)

Un tour d'horizon de la vie politique francaise montre que l'ensemble des partis politiques excluent. Si le Parti Communiste Francais (P. C. F. ) n'echappe pas a la regle, son image est sans aucun doute plus nettement associee a celle de l'exclusion. Des lors, on peut se demander s'il n'existe pas une specificite de l'exclusion hors du P. C. F. Qui resulterait de la specificite du parti. L'exclusion peut, en effet, contribuer a reveler un certain type de fonctionnement du P. C. F. ; l'etude de son evolution et de celle de ses variantes permet, en outre de reperer l'evolution du parti; cette analyse conduit a rechercher ce que l'evolution des pratiques d'exclusion revele de l'evolution des principes de fonctionnement et de l'identite du P. C. F. La politique d'exclusion du P. C. F. Apparait comme une exigence permanente des la naissance du parti en decembre 1920; elle remplit un certain nombre de fonctions precises. Cette politique se caracterise par des procedures evolutives, mais aussi des invariants. Elle a, par ailleurs, un impact sur les exclus: une analyse psychosociologique montre que les intellectuels surtout sont affectes par l'exclusion et que l'exclusion emporte des consequences pour l'exclu et sur son devenir politique. Enfin, l'exclusion revele l'emprise qu'exerce le P. C. F. Sur ses adherents; et l'evolution de l'exclusion met en evidence l'evolution de l'identite communiste a travers l'evolution de la position du parti dans le champ politique, et sa puissance attractive. L'etude de l'exclusion revele la nature profonde du P. C. F. Comme institution
Control of Heat Pumps with CO2 Emission Intensity Forecasts (2020)

An optimized heat pump control for building heating was developed for minimizing CO 2 emissions from related electrical power generation. The control is using weather and CO 2 emission forecasts as inputs to a Model Predictive Control (MPC)&mdash;a multivariate control algorithm using a dynamic process model, constraints and a cost function to be minimized. In a simulation study, the control was applied using weather and power grid conditions during a full-year period in 2017&ndash;2018 for the power bidding zone DK2 (East, Denmark). Two scenarios were studied; one with a family house and one with an office building. The buildings were dimensioned based on standards and building codes/regulations. The main results are measured as the CO 2 emission savings relative to a classical thermostatic control. Note that this only measures the gain achieved using the MPC control, that is, the energy flexibility, not the absolute savings. The results show that around 16% of savings could have been achieved during the period in well-insulated new buildings with floor heating. Further, a sensitivity analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect of various building properties, for example, level of insulation and thermal capacity. Danish building codes from 1977 and forward were used as benchmarks for insulation levels. It was shown that both insulation and thermal mass influence the achievable flexibility savings, especially for floor heating. Buildings that comply with building codes later than 1979 could provide flexibility emission savings of around 10%, while buildings that comply with earlier codes provided savings in the range of 0&ndash;5% depending on the heating system and thermal mass.
MulticavitySCRF calculation of ion hydration energies (1994)

The hydration energies of the proton, hydroxyl ion, and several inorganic ions were calculated using the multicavity self-consistent reaction field (MCa SCRF) method developed for the quantum-mechanical modeling of rotationally or flexible systems in dielectric media. The ionic complexes H3O+(H2O)4, OH−(H2O)4, NH4+(H2O)4, and Hal−(H2O)4, where Hal = F, Cl, or Br, have been studied. Each complex was divided between five spheres, corresponding to the central ion and four water molecules in their first coordination sphere, respectively. Each cavity was surrounded by a polarizable medium with the dielectric permittivity of water at room temperature (80). The ionic hydration energies of ions were divided into specific and nonspecific parts. After accounting for the cavity-formation energy using scaled particle theory, good agreement between the total calculated and experimental hydration energies was obtained for all ions studied. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Case 5-1983 (1983)

Presentation of CaseA 72-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of purpura and impaired renal function.There was a long history of hypertension, managed in recent years with hydrochlorothiazide. Myocardial infarction occurred 15 years before admission and was followed by infrequent angina pectoris, which responded to nitroglycerin. He also took irregular doses of propranolol because of palpitation. Six years before entry he was first seen at this hospital because of a chronic ulcer of the right leg. The urine was normal. The hematocrit was 41 per cent; the white-cell count was 9500, with normal differential count. The urea . . .
The impact of sequence database choice on metaproteomic results in gut microbiota studies (2016)

This study contributes to identify host- and database-specific biases which need to be taken into account in a metaproteomic experiment, providing meaningful insights on how to design gut microbiota studies and to perform metaproteomic data analysis. In particular, the use of multiple databases and annotation tools has to be encouraged, even though this requires appropriate bioinformatic resources.
The Drosophila rhomboid gene mediates the localized formation of wing veins and interacts genetically with components of the EGF-R signaling pathway. (1993)

The rhomboid (rho) gene, which encodes a transmembrane protein, is a member of a small group of genes (ventrolateral genes) required for the differentiation of ventral epidermis in the Drosophila embryo. The ventrolateral genes include spitz, which encodes an EGF-like ligand, and Star. The receptor for spitz may be the gene encoding the Drosophila epidermal growth factor-receptor (Egf-r) because the phenotype resulting from partial loss of function of Egf-r is similar to that of ventrolateral group mutants. Among ventrolateral genes encoding cell-surface or secreted proteins, rho is the only member expressed in a localized pattern corresponding to cells requiring the activity of the ventrolateral pathway. In this paper we provide evidence that spatial localization of rho plays an analogous role in establishing vein pattern in the adult wing. rho is expressed in early wing disc cells likely to be wing vein primordia and later is sharply restricted to developing veins. Flies homozygous for the viable rho(ve) allele have missing veins and rho fails to be expressed in rho(ve) mutant wing discs. Ectopic expression of rho during wing development leads to the formation of extra veins. Gene dosage studies among ventrolateral genes suggest that the rho product (Rho) may facilitate Spi-EGF-R signaling, resulting in activation of RAS. We discuss models for how localized expression of Rho may amplify signaling mediated by ubiquitously distributed ligand and receptor components.
Acute intestinal ischemia due to occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery: detection with Doppler sonography. (1996)

The aim of our study was to assess the feasibility of using Doppler sonography for the detection of acute intestinal ischemia due to occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery. Between September 1993 and March 1995, abdominal sonography with Doppler imaging of the mesenteric vessels was performed in 770 patients with emergency admissions for acute abdominal pain. In six cases, the diagnosis, based on surgery or arteriography and computed tomography, was acute intestinal ischemia due to complete or localized occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery. Five cases of occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery were correctly detected by Doppler sonography. These results suggest that Doppler sonography may be a feasible method for detecting acute intestinal ischemia due to proximal superior mesenteric artery occlusion.
How everyday visual experience prepares the way for learning object names (2016)

Infants learn their first object names by linking heard names to scenes. A core theoretical problem is how infants select the right referent from cluttered and ambiguous scenes. Here we show how the distributional properties of objects in young infants' visual experiences may help solve this core problem in early word learning. Infant perspective scenes of mealtimes were collected using head cameras worn by 9-month-old infants (147 mealtimes from 8 infants). The frequency distribution of objects was extremely skewed with the most frequent visual objects corresponding to the normatively first learned object names in English.
Mutational and secondary structural analysis of the basolateral sorting signal of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor. (1993)

The 17-juxtamembrane cytoplasmic residues of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor contain an autonomous basolateral targeting signal that does not mediate rapid endocytosis (Casanova, J. E., G. Apodaca, and K. E. Mostov. Cell. 66:65-75). Alanine-scanning mutagenesis identifies three residues in this region, His656, Arg657, and Val660, that are most essential for basolateral sorting and two residues, Arg655 and Tyr668, that play a lesser role in this process. Progressive truncations suggested that Ser664 and Ile665 might also play a role in basolateral sorting. However, mutation of these residues to Ala or internal deletions of these residues did not affect basolateral sorting, indicating that these residues are probably not required for basolateral sorting. Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy of a peptide corresponding to the 17-mer signal indicates that the sequence Arg658-Asn-Val-Asp661 has a propensity to adopt a beta-turn in solution. Residues COOH-terminal to the beta-turn (Arg662 to Arg669) seem to take up a nascent helix structure in solution. Substitution of Val660 with Ala destabilizes the turn, while mutation of Arg657 to Ala does not appear to affect the turn structure. Neither mutation detectably altered the stability of the nascent helix in the COOH-terminal portion of the peptide.
Gravitational Force and Respiratory Colonization in Mechanical Ventilation (2010)

and is associated with prolonged hospitalization,increase in healthcare costs and with a 20-70%mortality [I]. The aerodigestive tract above thevocal cords is always heavily colonized by severalspecies of bacteria. However, in the healthy hu­man, the lower respiratory tract remains free ofpathogenic bacteria. The major defense mecha­
CONTINUOUS CONTROL OF CARDING PROCESS (1968)

Sliver thickness was controlled by analog computer and 20-inch sample card on the basis of the servo-system and the process characteristics are discussed in previous paper.Conventional method for overcoming the dead time in process characteristics could not be applied because of non-linearities of the dead time. However, the decision of controller parameters was possible on analog computer by cut and try method.Some sets of controller parameters from computer are discussed graphically and experimentally examined on the carding engine by giving a disturbance of 50 per cent of controlled variable (sliver thickness aimed).Results are as follows';When out-put sliver of carding process is controlled by changing of the surface speed of doffer, the process characteristics makes it unable to control the short periodic variation, but long periodic one could be controlled without off-set.Control system with two or more parallel controllers which are switched according to the kinds of disturbance is suitable for controlling roller-carding process, because of non-linearity of dead time. In the controller, P. I. actions are suitable than P. I. D. actions, and when D action is added, the system becomes so oscillatory that it seems unusable on account of the high oscillatory components in sliver itself.There is so good agreement between the controlled variables obtained on the analog computer and the experimental ones (obtained on sliver thickness) that the following approximate equeation is usable in practice:
Transcription of a Single Mannose Receptor Gene by Macrophage and Retinal Pigment Epithelium (2003)

To determine if the macrophage mannose receptor transcript is present in mouse, rat, pig, and human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), primary cultures and/or freshly dissected retinal pigment epithelium from four different species were used to isolate total RNA. RT-PCR was used to amplify segments of the macrophage mannose receptor from each sample. Amplified products were sequenced and compared with known sequences of the macrophage mannose receptor. Macrophage mannose receptor transcripts were identified in all RPE samples. Comparison between sequences identified in RPE with macrophage sequences from the same species revealed 100% identity. Sequence homology between the different species was 74% or greater. These data are consistent with the transcription of a single mannose receptor gene by these two phagocytic cell types.
High Frequency Apoptosis of Recent Thymic Emigrants in the Liver of Lymphopenic Diabetes-Prone BioBreeding Rats (1998)

Diabetes-prone (DP) BioBreeding (BB) rats develop spontaneous autoimmune diabetes. DP-BB thymocyte export is reduced, and most thymic emigrants disappear rapidly from peripheral lymphoid tissues. DP-BB rats are consequently lymphopenic and circulate severely reduced numbers of T cells. Peripheral T cells present are phenotypically immature (Thy1+) and appear activated. We hypothesized that DP-BB recent thymic emigrants have a shortened life span and disappear by apoptosis. The percentage of T cells with an alphabetaTCR(low) B220+ CD4- CD8- phenotype was increased in DP peripheral lymphoid tissues when compared with normal, nonlymphopenic diabetes-resistant (DR) BB rat tissues. There was no evidence of DNA fragmentation in freshly isolated DP- or DR-BB rat cells, but, after 24 h of culture, a higher proportion of DP- than DR-BB splenic T cells underwent apoptosis. We then tested the hypothesis that BB rat T cells with the alphabetaTCR(low) B220+ CD4- CD8- phenotype accumulate and undergo apoptosis in the liver. Such cells were observed undergoing apoptosis in both DP- and DR-BB rats, but comprised approximately 80% of intrahepatic T cells in DP vs approximately 20% in DR-BB rats. Most alphabetaTCR(low) B220+ CD4- CD8- cells in the liver were also Thy1+. The data suggest that T cell apoptosis in the DP-BB rat is underway in peripheral lymphoid tissues and is completed in the liver. Increased intrahepatic apoptosis of recent thymic emigrants appears in part responsible for lymphopenia in DP-BB rats and the concomitant predisposition of these animals to autoimmunity.