gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dispersion balancing of variable-delay monolithic pulse splitters (2007)

We propose the use of birefringent materials to attain pulse separations suitable for pump-probe spectroscopy and spectral interferometry. By choice of material thickness and cut angle, it is possible to balance second-order dispersion while allowing for variable delays. The generated pulse pair is used to calibrate the phase response of an ultrafast liquid-crystal pulse shaper, and in the measurement of a rotational wave packet in impulsively aligned CO(2) molecules.
Current Status of Granulocyte (Neutrophil) Transfusion Therapy for Infectious Diseases (2001)

The transfusion of neutrophils, or granulocyte transfusion therapy, has long been considered as a logical approach to the treatment of severe bacterial and fungal infections in patients with prolonged neutropenia or intrinsic defects in neutrophil function. However, despite numerous clinical trials, the efficacy and safety of granulocyte transfusion therapy remain controversial. Efficacy has been compromised largely by the inability to transfuse sufficient quantities of functionally active neutrophils to patients. The recent use of recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize neutrophils in donors before centrifugation leukapheresis has rekindled interest in the potential clinical applications of granulocyte transfusion therapy. This review focuses on the use of G-CSF for donor stimulation and summarizes the current status of granulocyte transfusion therapy for treatment of infectious diseases.
Image restoration by 1-D Kalman filtering on oriented image decompositions (2002)

This paper introduces a new image restoration method based on a 1-D Kalman filtering. Using the model of tuned channels, the corrupted image is decomposed into a set of perceptual components characterized by different orientations and frequencies. The restoration step is then performed on each component in one dimension following the appropriate orientation with the well-known Kalman algorithm. Since the decomposition provides perfect reconstruction, the restored image is the recomposition of all the restored components. This approach yields relevant results for 2-D blurred images, using 1-D low order models. Unlike traditional 2-D Kalman restoration techniques, its implementation has no excessive computational load.
Layered cooperative source and channel coding (2005)

Cooperative techniques form a new wireless communication paradigm in which terminals help each other in relaying information to combat the random fading and to provide diversity in radio channels. Past work has focused on improving channel reliability through cooperation. We propose to jointly allocate bits among source coding, channel coding and cooperation to minimize the expected source distortion. Recognizing that not all source bits are equal, we further propose to protect the more important bits through user cooperation. To evaluate the gain of layered cooperation, we simulate four modes of communications that differ in their error protection strategy (equal vs. layered, with vs. without cooperation) with a practical channel coder, and show that, for i.i.d. Gaussian sources, layered cooperation can achieve significant performance gains over non-layered/non-cooperative communication. We also carry out an information theoretic analysis illustrating fundamental benefits of layered cooperation.
A study of the use of multilocus enzyme electrophoresis as a typing tool in fowl cholera outbreaks (1999)

Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) was compared with restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) and ribotyping as a method for differentiating isolates of Pasteurella multocida in a retrospective study of eight fowl cholera outbreaks on seven turkey farms. MLEE typing matched the results previously obtained by REA and ribotyping, except that the two outbreaks linked by REA and ribotyping were not linked by MLEE typing. MLEE appears to be a useful technique for investigations of fowl cholera outbreaks.
The $800 million pill: The truth behind the cost of new drugs (2004)

Does it really take the oft-quoted $800 million to make a new drug? Merrill Goozner would argue not — a more accurate figure might be about one-fifth that sum, although the range is considerable and all the estimates are dependent upon which particular economic theory one chooses to believe in. Whatever the reason, Goozner pillories the price of pills and places the blame squarely on the pharmaceutical industry, backing his case by presenting fascinating histories of the development of individual drugs by both Big Pharma and smaller biotechnology companies. Goozner’s central premise is that the industrial development of almost all drugs is heavily reliant on basic research funded by the taxpayer and conducted by scientists working for universities, nonprofit research centers, or the NIH. There’s no doubt that Goozner’s sympathies lie with the traditional academic. He views the pharmaceutical and biotechnological industries rather less favorably, particularly in their marketing practices. Overall, I enjoyed reading this book and was impressed by its thoroughness. Goozner writes well, has a command of his subject, and makes very few scientific errors. Hence it seems reasonable to assume that he also has his facts straight when covering the economic and political aspects of his subject — his specialties, but not mine.
The Surface Friction of Yarns (1939)

Yarn friction is of considerable importance in the manufacture and conversion of all types of yarns and threads. It is indicative of the value of softening and lubricating compounds, of dyestuffs and chemicals, and also of the influence of sizing upon the yarn. Furthermore it indicates the effect of flyers, tension devices, and other guiding parts of machinery in roughening up the yarn. In order to determine the coefficient of friction of yarns and thus to get knowledge of the running quality of threads, an apparatus has been developed whereby a yarn is lifted under precision conditions until a standard rider placed upon the yarn begins to travel. At this point the angle of inclination is read on a protractor and from this the coefficient of friction of the yarn is determined simply and quantitatively.
Activation of c-myc promoter P1 by immunoglobulin kappa gene enhancers in Burkitt lymphoma: functional characterization of the intron enhancer motifs kappaB, E box 1 and E box 2, and of the 3' enhancer motif PU (2000)

Deregulated expression of the proto-oncogene c- myc in Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cells carrying a t(2;8) translocation is mediated by a synergistic interaction of the translocated immunoglobulin (Ig) kappa gene intron (kappaEi) and 3' (kappaE3') enhancers and characterized by a strong activation of the promoter P1. We have investigated the functional role of distinct kappa enhancer sequence motifs in P1 activation on both mini-chromosomes and reporter gene constructs. Stable and transient transfections of BL cells revealed critical roles of the kappaEi and kappaE3' elements kappaB and PU, respectively. Joint mutation of kappaB and PU completely abolished P1 activity, implying that an interaction of kappaB- and PU-binding factors is essential for the enhancer synergism. Mutation of the E box 1 and E box 2 motifs markedly decreased P1 activity in transient but not in stable transfection experiments. Co-expression of the NF-kappaB subunit p65(RelA) and Sp1, an essential factor for P1 transcription, in Drosophila melanogaster SL2 cells synergistically enhanced promoter activity. Our results support a model which proposes cross-talk between promoter and enhancer binding factors as the basic mechanism for kappa enhancer-mediated c- myc activation in BL cells.
Delay defect diagnosis based upon a statistical timing model – the first step (2003)

The problem of diagnosing delay defects is defined using a statistical timing model. The differences between delay defect diagnosis and traditional logic defect diagnosis are illustrated. Different diagnosis algorithms are proposed and their performance evaluated via statistical defect injection and statistical delay fault simulation. With a statistical timing analysis framework developed in the past, new concepts in delay defect diagnosis are demonstrated and experimental results are discussed based upon benchmark circuits.
IN NE ED P POWE ER Q QU UA AL LI ITY Y AND C CO ON ND DI ITI ION N MO ONIT TO OR RI ING O OF F OF FF FS SH HO ORE E NET TW WO OR RK KS (2013)

The authors present a paper detailing their experiences (over the past 5 years) in the insulation condition monitoring of land-sea export cables and subsea array and platform interconnection cables in the UK offshore renewables and oil & gas industries. The paper focusses on the use of partial discharge (PD) testing to detect and locate pre-fault PD activity and also the use of time domain reflectometery (TDR) techniques to provide a ‘fingerprint’ of the cables and to help pinpoint cable faults after they have occurred. The paper will also discuss a ‘holistic’ monitoring approach, combining a number of condition monitoring technologies, to achieve necessary information to support improved CBM. For the HV networks, power quality monitoring should be integrated with the monitoring of partial discharge (PD), cable sheath current and weather data (i.e. wind, wave or tidal energy resources, power flows and occurrence of overvoltage/overcurrent conditions), with the further cross-correlation of all of these condition and state parameters, in order to allow for the early detection, faster identification and efficient resolving of faults, failures and other problems during the operation. The purpose of such an integrated monitoring platform is therefore, to provide an advanced ‘early warning’ against insulation faults to enable planning of preventive or corrective maintenance to be carried out and to avert unplanned outage
Lower CSF Amyloid Beta Peptides and Higher F2-Isoprostanes in Cognitively Intact Elderly Individuals With Major Depressive Disorder (2012)

Reduction in CSF levels of amyloid beta 42 may be related to increased brain amyloid beta plaques or decreased soluble amyloid beta production in elderly individuals with major depression relative to nondepressed comparison subjects. These results may have implications for our understanding of the pathophysiology of major depression and for the development of treatment strategies.
Peak power evaluation of picosecond optical pulse using two-photon absorption (2011)

In this paper, we report on a peak power evaluation system using a two-photon absorption (TPA) detector. An InGaAs/GaAs-based detector, which has the band gap of 980nm, is used for the TPA detector. We have observed that the peak power of the pulse, which was generated by a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM), became maximum value when the chirp was completely compensated.
Automatic Detection and Tracking of Animal Sperm Cells in Microscopy Images (2015)

Sperm tracking-and-analysis is one of the interesting topics in biological research and reproductive medicine, as it helps to assess the quality of the sperm for the male infertility. Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) systems provide a rapid and automated assessment of the parameters of sperm motion, together with improved standardization and quality control. In this paper, we propose a method to detect and track animal sperms automatically. First, we detect the sperms in the first frame of all the sequences using a bag-of-words approach and SVM classifier. Then, the detected sperm cells are tracked in the rest of all sequences using mean-shift. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on three videos in our datasets which have sperms as ground truth. The experimental results show that our method achieves a precision of 0.94, 0.93 and 0.96, and are call of 0.96, 0.92, and 0.97 for the three videos respectively in terms of sperm detection. RMSE (Root mean square error) is calculated to evaluate our results in terms of sperms tracking. The results show that we achieve high performance with RMSE of 8.06, 9.01, and 7.09 pixels for three different videos.
Receiver-based Protocol Enhancements for Wireless Ad-Hoc and Sensor Networks (2010)

currently working towards his M.S. degree in the area of wireless communications and networking. His research interests include mobile ad hoc networks and wireless sensor networks. i Acknowledgements I would like to start with thanking Professor Wendi Heinzelman, my research and thesis advisor throughout my Master’s studies. Professor Heinzelman offered me valuable opportunities to get involved with research on wireless networks. She enlightened me to propose interesting research topics and encouraged me to solve research challenges, and her erudition, vision, as well as rigorous attitude in research impress and inspire me all along. Her amiability and optimistic life attitude sets a perfect example for my personality as well. Additionally, I especially thank her for strongly recommending me that I apply for PhD programs such that I can obtain the opportunity to continue my academic career. It is my great honor to work with her. In addition, I would like to thank Professor Alireza Seyedi for patiently helping me solve my confusions in and out of his class, and being willing to be my
Access to C-Branched Sugars: Stereoselective Synthesis of C3-C5-Linked Deoxy Disaccharide and C-Linked Deoxy Aza Disaccharide Mimetics via a Ring-Closing Metathesis Protocol (2008)

RCM mediated stereoselective synthetic approaches for the branched C-C disaccharide and its aza analog via Ring Closing Metathesis protocol are described. Keywords: C-C-disaccharide, C-linked aza disaccharide, Ring-closing metathesis, Cis-dihydroxylation
Guidance on the management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in the exceptional circumstances of the COVID‐19 pandemic (2020)

During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitals in London, the UK epicentre, reported an unusually high number of people presenting with COVID-19 disease developing diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state, or a combination of both. Very high doses of insulin were often needed to manage the hyperglycaemia. It has been proposed that these metabolic disturbances may result from severe insulin resistance combined with decreased insulin secretion due to beta cell dysfunction [1]. The increased demand for pumps to deliver inotropes has led to concerns of possible shortages of infusion pumps and/or 50 ml syringes being available for insulin infusions to manage these hyperglycaemic emergencies. Concerns were also raised about the potential risk of exacerbating ‘lung leak’ in COVID-19 positive patients using the traditional rates of fluid replacement for the management of DKA. Clinicians therefore requested that a subcutaneous insulin regimen be made available as a backup strategy for managing diabetic ketoacidosis and guidance on the fluid replacement regimen. In response to these requests the National Diabetes Inpatient COVID-19 Response Group has developed guidance on the management of DKA using subcutaneous insulin based on a regimen developed by Umpierrez and colleagues in the US [2], accompanied by two alternative fluid replacement regimens. The first is that from the Joint British Diabetes Societies [3] guidance for managing typical DKA. The second is a more cautious regimen for COVID-19 positive/suspected patients with consideration of a higher rate of fluid replacement if there is significant hypovolaemia or acute kidney injury (Figure 1). Importantly, clinical judgement, frequent senior review, and regular monitoring of fluid balance and oxygen saturations are advised. The regimen recommends using rapid acting insulin analogues. Given the need to reduce the time the health professional is in direct contact with the patient a 4 hourly dosing schedule has been recommended with the dose calculated on body weight to equate to a similar quantity of insulin that would have been delivered by an insulin infusion. Finally, as with other guidance we recommend continuing or starting a basal insulin alongside. We hope that most teams will not find it necessary to use the subcutaneous insulin route to manage DKA, but we understand that this regimen has been welcomed by some working in less well-resourced countries.
Densification of Alumina Powder by Using PECS Process with Different Pulse Electric Current Waveforms (2009)

Densification and sample temperature of alumina (Al2O3) powder during pulsed electric current sintering with different pulse power generators, inverter type and pulsed direct current type were investigated. The sample temperature for inverter generator was higher than that for pulsed direct current generator in same die temperature ranging form 800 to 1400oC. The relative density increased with increasing of the sample temperature.
Wireless for the Convergence Era (2006)

The handportable convergence devices, multimedia computers, are extremely complex embedded systems that need to have all functional blocks custom-made for mobility. The combination of miniaturization and functionality is unprecedented compared to other consumer products. This paper discusses the challenges that digital convergence is introducing to research in wireless systems and radio implementation. In the area of wireless systems, there are several competing standards in particular for wireless broadband. The modem, on the other hand, is evolving into a multiradio. For radio implementation, the invariant requirements for competitiveness call for continuous innovativeness. The main showstopper in terms of performance and functionality of a convergence device is the strictly limited power consumption.
Scalable Architecture of MIMO Multi-carrier CDMA System on Programmable Logic (2007)

In this paper, a scalable architecture of the multi-carrier CDMA system using multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) technology is designed in the programmable logic array. The system-level partitioning with different architecture design entries is described. The overall computing architecture for complex signal processing blocks, e.g., channel estimation, frequency domain equalization, demodulation etc is described. The MIMO architecture is easily extended from a SISO system with single antenna. This scalable architecture demonstrates resource utilization efficiency and easy extension to MIMO configurations.
Tulsi oil as a potential penetration enhancer for celecoxib transdermal gel formulations (2013)

The focus of the present study was to develop and evaluate the transdermal system of celecoxib. Transdermal gels composed of carbopol 940 in propylene glycol (PG) containing penetration enhancers. The formulations were characterized by permeation, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and histopathology. Celecoxib permeation across excised rat skins were statistically (p < 0.05) enhanced by tulsi oil compared to turpentine oil containing formulations. In comparison to orally administered formulations, the pharmacokinetic parameters of gel and control formulations were significantly higher (p < 0.05). The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) obtained with formulations containing 4% turpentine and 6% tulsi oil was, respectively, 1.52 and 2.41 times higher than the formulations without penetration enhancer. Similarly, area under the curve (AUC) of these formulations was 1.70 and 2.40 times higher than the formulations without penetration enhancers. Anti-inflammatory studies demonstrated a statistically significant (p < 0.05) pharmacodynamics profile for the transdermal gel formulations compared to orally administered and control celecoxib formulations. Histopathological studies revealed some disruption in the epidermis without any toxic effect on the dermis layer of skin by penetration enhancers. In summary, the transdermal gel formulations of celecoxib containing penetration enhancers sustained drug level in the blood and will reduce the dose frequency as required with its conventional oral formulation.
Statistical analysis and probabilistic modeling of chloride ingress spatial variability in concrete coastal infrastructures (2017)

Chloride ingress is the main deterioration process of reinforced concrete (RC) structures exposed to marine environment. This paper presents experimental studies combined with statistical analysis to assess spatial variability of the main parameters influencing chloride-induced corrosion for RC i.e. the RC resistivity , the surface chloride content, C s , and the chloride diffusion coefficient D a . In the maintenance context, they must be evaluated as spatial random fields. Thus, we investigate 36 chloride profiles and 6 resistivity paths measured on the same concrete. The measurement error is incorporated in the model, then statistical estimations and test are performed to assess properties of the random field and the error on the scale of fluctuations.
Thermodynamics of Interactions Between Charged Surfactants and Ionic Poly(amino acids) by Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (2019)

Interactions between charges play a role in protein stability and contribute to the energetics of binding between various charged ligands. Ionic surfactants are charged molecules, whose interactions with proteins are still rather poorly understood despite their wide applications. Here, we show by isothermal titration calorimetry that cationic alkylammonium surfactants bind to negatively charged polyaspartate and polyglutamate homopolymers stoichiometrically, i.e., one surfactant molecule per charged amino acid. Similarly, negatively charged alkyl sulfates (e.g., sodium dodecyl sulfate) and alkane sulfonates bind stoichiometrically to positively charged polylysine, polyornithine, and polyarginine homopolymers. In these reactions, the interacting counterparts form ion pairs and the resulting electrostatically neutral complex coprecipitates from solution. The enthalpies and heat capacities are determined for various pairs of ionic surfactants and charged amino acid homopolymers. These results show the energetic contributions of ionic headgroups and the CH<sub>2</sub> group to surfactant interactions with proteins.
Urban road localization by using multiple layer map matching and line segment matching (2015)

In recent years, automated vehicle researches move on to the next stage, that is, auto-driving experiments on public roads. This study focuses on how to realize accurate localization based on the use of Lidar data and precise map. On different roads such as urban roads and expressways, the observed information of surrounding is significantly different. For example, on the urban roads, many buildings can be observed around the upper part of the vehicle. Such observation realizes accurate map matching. On the other hand, the upper part has no specific observation on the expressway. Therefore, it is necessary to observe the lower part for the map matching. To adapt the situation changes, we propose a localization method based on self-adaptive multi-layered scan matching and road line segment matching. The main idea is to effectively match the features observed from different heights and to improve the results by applying the line segment matching in certain scenes. Localization experiments show the ability to estimate accurate vehicle pose in urban driving.
A focal-plane array of dielectric rod antennas for THz imaging (2011)

We investigate the radiation performance of dielectric rod antennas in a focal plane array. Mutual coupling between the rods is analysed as a function of spacing for E- and H-plane coupling. We show that the coupling is significant in densely packed arrays for rods with spacings less than 0.5λ especially for rods coupling in the E-plane.
Dietary plasmalogen increases erythrocyte membrane plasmalogen in rats (2012)

Dietary PlsEtn increases relative composition of PlsEtn of erythrocyte membranes in normal and ZDF rats, and it causes decreases of plasma cholesterol and plasma phospholipids. Dietary PlsEtn for 9 weeks seemingly causes no adverse effect to health of normal rats.