gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adjusting Curvatures of B-spline Surfaces by Operations on Knot Vectors (2017)

The knot vectors of a B-spline surface determine the basis functions hereby, together with the control points, the shape of the surface.Knot manipulations and their influence on the shape of curves have been investigated in several papers (see e.g.[4] and [5]).The computations can be made very efficiently, if the basis functions and the vector function of the B-spline surface are represented in matrix form (see [1] and[6]).In our latest work [2] we summarized the knot manipulation techniques and the corresponding computations in matrix form.We also developed an algorithm for a direct knot sliding, how a knot can be repositioned in one step instead of inserting a new knot value, then removing an old one from the knot vector.In this paper we analyse the effect of varying knot intervals on the Gaussian curvature of a B-spline surface at a given point.We present an algorithm for the deformation of a B-spline surface, so that it should go through a given point with a given Gaussian curvature.The result of this deformation is, that a sphere with a given radius will fit tangential the reshaped surface at the given point with equal Gaussian curvatures.In applications the same situation arises, when a ball-end tool is pushed into a surface during processing.In our algorithm we use only linear interpolation equations besides the repositioning of knot values, in order to get numerically stable and effective solutions.
Novel bifunctional lysozyme-dextran conjugate that acts on both Gram-negative and Grampositive bacteria. (1990)

Manyattempts have been made to develop food preservatives with antimicrobial effects without any food toxicities.1'2* One of the most promising reagents is lytic enzymes such as egg white lysozyme. Lysozyme attacks only specific positions of glycosidic bonds between Nacetylhexosamines of the peptidoglycan layer in bacterial cell walls. The walls of Grampositive cells are generally quite sensitive to attack by lysozyme. However, Gram-negative
Media Content Analysis: Its Uses, Benefits and Best Practice Methodology (2005)

Mass media are believed to cause violence, sexual promiscuity and contribute to discrimination against women. Media advertising is used to sell products and services. News in leading media has been shown to significantly affect stock prices; lead to corporate collapses; cause falls in sales of products; result in the resignation of senior office-holders – even bring down Presidents. Further information on the effects of mass media is provided in Macnamara (2003), Mass Media Effects: A Review of 50 Years of Media Effects Research.
Theory and Design Principles of the Reversible Electroplating Light Modulator (1962)

The potential uses and advantages of adjustable light shutters and reflectors based on reversible electroplating on transparent, chemically inert electrodes are indicated briefly. Over the entire visible light range, the highest ratio of optical density change δ to applied charge density appears to be achievable with Ag, especially when formed in conjunction with or ions. An aqueous plating solution containing 3–3.5M AgI and 7M NaI appears to be most suitable for achieving (a) a maximum ratio; (b) a satisfactorily uniform plating; (c) a maximum plating speed; and (d) a maximum rate of unplating. Of several electrode geometries and electrode arrangements capable of yielding essentially uniform plating, those utilizing adjacent subelements composed of parallel, closely spaced, flat, and narrow transparent electrode strips with line‐symmetrically situated contacts is preferred, especially for large‐area modulators. A series connection between the subelements is especially desirable.
Autoimmune disorders in patients affected by celiac sprue and inflammatory bowel disease (2008)

Celiac sprue and Crohn's disease show similar prevalence of associated autoimmune disease, higher than the prevalence in ulcerative colitis. The two diseases share the same pathogenic immunologic response and altered intestinal permeability.
Antimutagens, anticarcinogens, and effective worldwide cancer prevention. (1999)

Cancer is the eventual outcome of the transformation of normal cells by DNA-reactive, genotoxic carcinogens and the growth promotion of mutated cells by enhancing factors. It is important to discriminate between genotoxic carcinogens and nongenotoxic chemicals because their mechanisms of action are quite distinct. Their dose-response curves, reversibility, and organ- and species-specificity are also quite distinct. Thus, the mode of action of agents involved in cancer causation and development needs careful analysis. Genotoxic carcinogens are mutagenic, form DNA adducts, and lead to the formation of hydroxy radicals and inappropriate peroxidation reactions that the antioxidants in vegetables, fruits, and tea can effectively decrease. About 35% of known cancers are associated with tobacco use and about 55% with inappropriate nutritional habits. Cancer induction can be decreased by (1) avoiding the formation of carcinogens, (2) reducing their metabolic activation, or (3) increasing their detoxification. Nutritional factors play a major role in cancer prevention. Vegetables, fruits, and the beverage, tea, provide select means to prevent activation of carcinogens or to increase their detoxification. Salting and pickling of certain foods generate direct-acting mutagens and carcinogens that affect the stomach and probably the esophagus. Thus, controlling salt use and increasing vegetable and fruit intake can prevent these diseases. Frying and broiling protein foods generate heterocyclic amines that affect the colon, breast, prostate, and pancreas, and their formation is decreased by antioxidants. Heterocyclic amines are converted to reactive components by specific cytochrome P450 enzymes and N-acetyltransferases. The tobacco-specific nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons undergo specific activation and detoxification processes. These reactions are controlled by antioxidants such as quercetin in vegetables, polyphenols in tea, genistein and daidzin in soy, sulforaphane in broccoli, and 3-methylindole and isothiocyanates in such protective foods. In the Western world, the type and amount of fat play a critical role that operates through specific promoting mechanisms to modify the action of genotoxic carcinogens. In most Western countries where mixed fats and oils are consumed, the total amount of fat at 35 to 40% of calories acts as a powerful promoter. On the other hand, in Italy and Greece, where the monounsaturated oil, olive oil, is used almost exclusively without promoting effect, little enhancement by fat is observed. Also, in the Mediterranean region, meats, mainly veal, are not browned to the point of generating heterocyclic amines. Wheat bran fiber increases stool bulk and eliminates carcinogens and the promoters of colon and breast cancers. Thus, the current base of knowledge on the mechanisms of cancer causation provides effective ways of preventing most types of cancer, the definitive means of cancer control.
Fenton-Like Oxidation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soils Using Electrokinetics (2009)

An integrated electrochemical oxidation process that utilizes electrokinetics (EK) to deliver the oxidant (5–10% hydrogen peroxide, H2O2 ) and chelant [40 mM of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)] or iron chelate (1.4 mM Fe-EDTA or Fe-DTPA) to oxidize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils was investigated. Batch and bench-scale EK experiments were conducted using: (a) kaolin, a low permeability clayey soil, spiked with phenanthrene at 500 mg/kg, and (b) former manufactured gas plant (MGP) soil, a high buffering silty soil, contaminated by a variety of PAHs (1493 mg/kg). Batch experiments showed that chelant solutions dissolve native iron minerals to form soluble Fe-chelates that remain available even at higher pH conditions of soil for the Fenton-like oxidation of the PAHs. In EK experiments, a 5–10% H2O2 solution was delivered from the anode and a chelant solution or iron-chelate was delivered from the cathode. Preflushing of soil with 5% ethanol and ferrous sulfate (1.4 mM) prior to oxidant delivery was also investigated. An electric potential of 2 VDC/cm was applied in all tests to induce electroosmotic flow for 5–8 days for kaolin and 25 days for the MGP field soil. In the absence of any chelating agent, phenanthrene oxidation was catalyzed by native iron present in kaolin soil, and 49.8–82.3% of phenanthrene was oxidized by increasing H2O2 concentration from 5–10%. At 5% H2O2 concentration, phenanthrene oxidation was not increased by using 40 mM EDTA, 40 mM DTPA or 1.4 mM Fe-DTPA, but it increased to 70% using 1.4 mM Fe-EDTA. Maximum phenanthrene oxidation (90.5%) was observed by 5% ethanol preflushing and then treating with 5% H2O2 at the anode and 1.4 mM Fe-EDTA at the cathode. However, preflushing with 1.4 mM ferrous sulfate did not improve phenanthrene oxidation. The results with the MGP field soil indicated that delivery of 5% H2O2 alone resulted in oxidation of 39.8% of total PAHs (especially 2- and 3-ring PAHs). The use of EDTA and Fe-EDTA did not increase PAHs oxidation in this soil. Overall, the results reveal that an optimized in situ combined technology of EK and Fenton-like process has the potential to oxidize PAHs in low permeability and/or high buffering soils.
Escherichia coli multirresistentes (2013)

Lejos estaria de imaginar Theodore Escherich, bacteriologo aleman, descubridor del Escherichia coli, que este microorganismo se convertiria en la primera causa de infeccion nosocomial y la segunda comunitaria, pero mucho menos de pensar que con el de cursar del tiempo, un patogeno tan sensible frente multiples antibioticos iria a tomar una relevancia importante por sus niveles de multirresistencia antimicrobiana.
Failure of Two Serotype II Infectious Bursal Disease Viruses to Affect the Humoral Immune Response of Turkeys (1984)

The effect of serotype II infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) isolates from turkeys on the homoral immune response of turkey poults was determined. Following exposure to the OH IBDV isolate, poults in two experiments were inoculated with sheep red blood cells, which is a T-dependent antigen, and poults in two other experiments were inoculated with Salmonella heidelberg O antigen, which is a T-independent antigen. Prior exposure to serotype II IBDV did not affect serum antibody titers to these antigens. IBDV infection also did not affect the concentrations of serum immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG, or IgA in these poults. Bursa:body weight ratios of OH IBDV-infected poults were not significantly different from those of uninfected controls. In one experiment, the humoral immune response of poults to the LaSota Newcastle disease vaccine was not affected by infection with the MO IBDV isolate. Although no clinical infectious bursal disease was observed in any poult in these experiments, the serotype II IBDV isolates were infectious and transmissible in poults.
The National Cancer Data Base report on breast carcinoma characteristics and outcome in relation to age (1996)

These data are consistent with the hypothesis that younger women are at increased risk for biologically more aggressive breast carcinoma.
Post-laser in-situ keratomileusis ectasia: current understanding and future directions (2006)

When ectasia develops, early recognition and proper management are essential to prevent progression, to promote visual rehabilitation, and to reduce the need for corneal transplantation for these patients.
REAL TIME IMAGE TRANSFER ON HIGH SPEED LOCAL AREA NETWORK (1990)

In this paper, we present the feasibility of integrated services, especially, the real time video service can be served by the Integrated Digital Ring Network (IDRN). Buffer insertion scheme will provide a multiple services, multiple channels and multiple trains transmission environment to each station. Multiple transmissions can take place simultaneously. Priority control scheme will make the most urgent real time video data to be served first among these multiple services. It guarantees that the transmission delay of real time data falls into a tolerable range. I. Introduction
Clip placement after stereotactic vacuum-assisted breast biopsy. (1997)

A localizing clip can be placed in proximity to the stereotactic biopsy site through an 11-gauge probe. Clip placement can enable accurate localization for surgical excision.
High sensitivity of both sequencing and real‐time PCR analysis of <i>KRAS</i> mutations in colorectal cancer tissue (2009)

The KRAS mutation status predicts the outcome of treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor targeted agents, and therefore the testing for KRAS mutations has become an important diagnostic procedure. To optimize the quality of this test, we compared the results of the two most commonly used KRAS mutation tests, cycle sequencing and a real-time PCR-based assay, in DNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) colorectal cancer samples of 511 patients. The results were interpreted in the context of the tumour cell percentage and the assay parameters. In 510 samples KRAS mutation status assessment was successful. A KRAS mutation was detected in 201 tumours (39.4%). Sequencing and the real-time PCR-based assay generated the same result in 486 samples (95.3%). The sequencing result was considered false positive in one (0.2%) and false negative in nine samples (1.8%). The assay result was considered false positive in six (1.2%) and false negative in seven samples (1.4%). Explanations for discrepant test results were a higher sensitivity of the assay in samples with a low tumour cell percentage, occurrence of mutations that are not covered by the assay and δ Ct values approximating the cut-off value of the assay. In conclusion, both sequencing and the real-time PCR-based assay are reliable tests for KRAS mutation analysis in FFPE colorectal cancer samples, with a sensitivity of 95.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 91.7-97.9%) and 96.5% (95% CI 93.0-98.6%), respectively. The real-time PCR based assay is the method of choice in samples with a tumour cell percentage below 30%.
Analytical Toxicology for Clinical, Forensic and Pharmaceutical Chemists (1997)

Part 1 Chapters of general nature: Emergency toxicology, Schmidt, Roth Therapeutic drug monitoring, Fraser Special aspects of forensic toxicology, Brandenberger Analytical of doping in sports, de Boer et al Pharmacokinetics as applied to drug and doping research, Vree The future of immuno-chemical drug analysis, Takatori, Nagao The future of instrumental analysis in toxicology, Brandenberger. Part 2 Chapters concerned with special poison classes: Natural gases and vapours, Brandenberger Carbon monoxide, Kojima Determination of alcohol levels in the body, Brandenberger et al Volatile hydrocarbons, Nagata, Kimura Volatile halogenated compounds, Flanagan Pesticides, Geldmacher et al Glycols, Roth Inorganic anions, Roth Non-metals of the group 16, Roth, Pelletier Metals of toxicological significance, Brandenberger, Roth. Part 3 Toxicological drug analysis: Barbiturates, Brandenberger Benzodiazepines. Schutz Hypnotics and sedatives not belonging to the classes of barbiturates and benzodiazepines, Brandenberger Anticonvulsants not belonging to the classes of barbiturates and benzodiazepines, Kulpmann Neuroleptics, Whelpton Antidepressants, Braithwaite Beta-blocking drugs, Leloux Analgesics, Antipyretics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, Widdop Antihistamines, Brandenberger Volatiles used or abused as anaesthetics, Brandenberger Digitalis (=cardiac) glycosides, Hallbach, Vogel Cyclosporins, Holt Anticoagulants, Geldmacher, Mallinckrodt Stimulants, de Boer et al Designer drugs, Henderson. Part 4 Blood level data, Uges
Redistribution of mitochondria leads to bursts of ATP production during spontaneous mouse oocyte maturation (2010)

During mammalian oocyte maturation there are marked changes in the distribution of mitochondria that supply the majority of the cellular ATP. Such redistribution of mitochondria is critical for oocyte quality, as oocytes with a poor developmental potential display aberrant mitochondrial distribution and lower ATP levels. Here we have investigated the dynamics of mitochondrial ATP production throughout spontaneous mouse oocyte maturation, using live measurements of cytosolic and mitochondrial ATP levels. We have observed three distinct increases in cytosolic ATP levels temporally associated with discrete events of oocyte maturation. These changes in cytosolic ATP levels are mirrored by changes in mitochondrial ATP levels, suggesting that mitochondrial ATP production is stimulated during oocyte maturation. Strikingly, these changes in ATP levels correlate with the distribution of mitochondria undergoing translocation to the peri-nuclear region and aggregation into clusters. Mitochondrial clustering during oocyte maturation was concomitant with the formation of long cortical microfilaments and could be disrupted by cytochalasin B treatment. Furthermore, the ATP production bursts observed during oocyte maturation were also inhibited by cytochalasin B suggesting that mitochondrial ATP production is stimulated during oocyte maturation by microfilament-driven, sub-cellular targeting of mitochondria.
The Request of the Venezuelan Colonial Government for the Extradition of Bolivar (1963)

The recent discovery of an unknown document in the Archivo General de la Nación, Caracas, Venezuela, revealed a new detail concerning the life of Simón Bolívar. This document shows the effort exerted by the Spanish colonial government in Venezuela to extradite Bolívar from Haiti in 1816. Bolívar was forced to seek refuge abroad following a cycle of military defeats. In early 1815, Bolívar found himself outside the walls of Cartagena in need of supplies from the revolutionary forces holding that city. General Manuel del Castillo, military commander of Cartagena and an enemy and rival of Bolívar, refused to furnish the supplies or to permit Bolívar's entrance into the city. While the two rivals glared at each other in costly stalemate, Spanish troops marched victoriously toward Cartagena, pinching Bolívar between them and the hostile Castillo forces. Under these circumstances, Bolívar concluded that it would be better to leave the scene of battle and, thus, to avoid dividing the patriot army in the presence of a strong Spanish force. Bolívar resigned his commission, and on May 9, 1815, he sailed for Jamaica aboard a British vessel.
Phenolic Compounds in Different Olive Varieties (1998)

Phenolic compounds in different olive varieties were determined by HPLC analysis over 2 years. Demethyloleuropein was found in only two (Coratina and Leccino) of the eight varieties studied, so it could be used as varietal marker. Elenolic acid glucoside and hydroxytyrosol can be considered indicators of maturation for olives. In fact, as the olives ripen, their tenor increases whereas oleuropein decreases.
Direct power control for distributed PV power system (2003)

A novel approach to the DSP-based control of photovoltaic (PV) energy storage systems for distributed PV module is presented. A DSP is used to implement the power feedback control, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and unfalsified control for the PV system. A MPPT control with duty ratio versus PV module output power has been developed. The major difference between the proposed MPPT control and other methods is that the PV module output power is used to adjust the ratio of power converter. The proposed system has excellent tracking performance and high conversion efficiency. In this paper, parameter tuning and adaptation of real-time PI controller is accomplished based on unfalsified control theory. A plant model is not necessary with the proposed control law, and the selection of PI gain is possible by using measured data. Simulations and experimental results demonstrate excellent performance and robustness under atmospheric variations.
대일평화조약 제4조의 형성과정 분석 (2011)

전후 한일 간 식민지 피해에 관한 보상 문제의 틀은 대일평화조약에 따라 결정되었다. 선행연구들도 이 점을 중요시하고 한국의 연합국 참가를 둘러싼 한국, 미국의 움직임을 중심으로 심도 있는 연구를 진행해 왔다. 그러나 평화조약을 둘러싼 일본의 대응 및 피해 보상 교섭에 직접적으로 영향을준 관련 조항에 관한 검토는 충분하지 않다.
 이 글은 선행연구가 전후의 경제적 처리 문제에 관해 충분히 파헤치지 않았던 평화조약 관련 일본 정부의 대응을 검토하고, 또 1951년 이후 본격화된 평화조약 초안 교섭을 살핌으로써 한일 간의 피해 보상 처리 문제의 틀을 직접 결정한 제4조의 의미를 검토한다. 아울러 그를 통해 4조의 적용을 받은 ‘청구권’과 14조 등의 적용을 받는 ‘배상’ 교섭이 한일 간 피해보상 문제 처리에 대해 실질적으로 어떤 이동(異同)을 낳았는가를 고찰한다.
 결론으로서 4조는 비연합국으로 된 한국의 대일 청구권의 법적 인정, 재한일본인 재산의 한국 취득 확정, 그리고 일본의 부담 억제라는 과제들을 조화시키기 위한 조항이라는 것, 또 1951년 이후의 조문 교섭은 한국의 법적지위의 변화에 따라 한일 간 피해 보상 처리의 내용이 실질적으로 변화 되었다고 보기는 어렵다는 것을 가리키고 있음을 밝히고자 한다.
A novel function of haptoglobin: haptoglobin-haemoglobin complex induces apoptosis of hepatocarcinomatous Hep 3B cells (1995)

Haptoglobin-haemoglobin complex (Cx) showed a cytotoxic effect on the growth of Hep 3B (human hepatocellular carcinoma) cells, dose dependently. The antiproliferative effect of Cx on the multiplication of Hep 3B cells was augmented by the presence of prostaglandin (PG) D2. Antihuman Hb IgG abolished the effect of Cx, dose-dependently, which indicates that the antiproliferative effect of Cx really is exerted by Cx. Hep 3B cells treated with Cx showed the characteristic biochemical changes of apoptosis, such as DNA fragmentation which was blocked by pretreatment with cycloheximide, and the increase of transglutaminase expression. Thus, the antiproliferative effect of Cx against Hep 3B cells occurs via the typical apoptotic pathway.
The application of a vehicle routing model to a waste-collection problem: two case studies (2002)

Abstract In this paper we suggest a unique model for estimating the operating cost of each of three waste-collection systems. Under the traditional system, which is widely used, waste is typically collected in plastic bags and a three-man crew is needed on each vehicle. The other two systems require a one-man crew for vehicle collecting street containers. The side-loader system with fixed body automatically empties street containers into the vehicle body and empties the load at the disposal site. The side-loader system with demountable body allows the separation of the waste collection phase from transport to the disposal site, since the vehicle body can be demounted. We also present two case studies and show how the estimation of operating costs is a critical issue in decisions regarding the type of system to be used for waste collection.
Prokaryotes in Industrial Production (1998)

This chapter contains sections titled: A Limited Number of Strains Have Been Selected and Improved for Industrial Production Large-Scale Cultivation of Microorganisms Depends on the Type of the Process Food Industry Is an Important Branch of Biotechnology Production of L-Amino Acids and Vitamins Is not a Classical Fermentation Process Steroids and Sterols Can Be Stereospecifically Biotransformed into the Desirable Hormones Antibiotics Are Products of Microorganisms That Inhibit Metabolic Processes of Other Organisms Commercial Exploitation of Bacterial Enzymes Heterologous Proteins Are Produced by Recombinant DNA Technology