gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impedance Characteristics and Parasitic Speed Limitations of High-Speed 850-nm VCSELs (2009)

The impedance characteristics of high-speed oxide-confined 850-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers have been studied with the aim of identifying the importance of device parasitics for the modulation bandwidth. Through equivalent circuit modeling, it is confirmed that device parasitics have a major impact on the bandwidth and the importance of each individual circuit element has been investigated. According to the extrapolation of the parameters derived from S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> measurements below 20 GHz towards higher frequencies and assuming that the mesa capacitance can be reduced by adding a few extra oxide layers without significantly affecting series resistance, our model predicts that the 3-dB parasitic frequency can be increased from 22 to above 30 GHz. Accounting also for bandwidth limitations due to thermal effects, we expect an increase of the modulation bandwidth of several gigahertz which may enable direct current modulation at 40 Gb/s.
P1‐351: Aβ Related Memory Decline and Hippocampal Volume Loss in Mild Cognitive Impairment (2016)

While there is now agreement that in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) high levels of amyloid (Aβ+) indicate Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has begun and thereby increase risk of dementia of the Alzheimer Type (DAT). The extent to which neurodegenerative disease and DAT can occur in MCi with low AB (Aβ- ) is unknown. The aim of this study was to follow prospectively changes in cognition and hippocampal volume over 36 months in Aβ- and Aβ+ adults with MCI. 87 older adults who were classified on the clinical dementia rating scale with a score of 0.5 underwent PET amyloid neuroimaging. On this the basis of this individuals with MCI (CDR=0.5) were classified as Aβ+ (n=50) or Aβ- (n=37). Cognitive function measured using the Cognigram Learning/Working memory and Psychomotor/Attention composite scores from the Cogstate Brief Battery (CBB) as well as hippocampal volume determined from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at baseline, 18, 36 and 54 months assessments. These data were compared to that from 300 cognitively normal (CDR=0) Aβ- adults. Compared to the Aβ- CDR 0 group over 54 months, the Aβ+ CDR 0.5 group showed a increased rate of decline on the Learning/Working Memory composite (p<0.01, d = 1.1), and hippocampal volume (p<0.01 d= 4). The Aβ+ CDR 0.5 group did not differ significantly from the Aβ- CDR 0 group on their rate of change on the Psychomotor/Attention composite (d=0.3). Compared to the Aβ- CDR 0 group, the Aβ- CDR 0.5 group did not differ in their rate of change on any cognitive composite, nor did they differ on the rate of change in hippocampal volume. These data show that despite being classified clinically as MCI, individuals with low amyloid do not show any decline in cognition or loss of hippocampal volume over the following 54 months. Thus in these patients MCI is unlikely to reflect a non-amyloid form of DAT.
High-fluence Si-implanted diamond: Optimum implantation temperature for SiC formation (2005)

In this paper the authors investigate the effect of implantation temperature on the structural properties of diamond implanted with high fluences of Si between 5.3×1017Sicm−2 and 1×1018Sicm−2. In order to reduce radiation-induced damage and to enhance SiC formation the implantations were performed at elevated temperatures in the range from 900to1200°C. Subsequently, all samples were annealed for 10min at 1500°C in a rf-heated furnace. X-ray diffraction revealed the formation of cubic SiC nanocrystallites in a buried layer inside the implanted diamond. The implantation-induced damage was assessed by analyzing graphitization of the surface-near layer using Raman spectroscopy. With increasing Si fluence the implantation-induced damage rises and the nearly perfect alignment of the formed SiC crystallites within the host diamond lattice deteriorates. However, raising the implantation temperature from 900to1000°C reduces the damage in the diamond and increases the amount, size, and epitaxial alignment of the crystalline SiC precipitates. Further increase of the implantation temperature gives no improvement in the quality of the SiC-rich layer. Instead, the damaged diamond converts into graphite and the formation of SiC crystallites is obstructed.
Use of Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Aim of the European Federation of Neurological Society (EFNS) task force MRI assessment of patients at presentation with clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of MS MRI in patients with CDMS References
Temperature dependence of electroluminescence from silicon p-i-n light-emitting diodes (2006)

The temperature dependence of electroluminescence from silicon p-i-n light-emitting diodes with a layer of β-FeSi2 particles inserted in intrinsic silicon was investigated. Anomalous blueshift of the peak energy and enhanced electroluminescence intensity of the silicon band-edge emission were observed at temperatures from 50to200K. The electroluminescence intensity was enhanced due to longer diffusion paths of the injected electrons at elevated temperature, as well as thermal escape of the electrons from the β-FeSi2 particles. The low peak energy compared to that from bulk silicon at low temperature is due to the bound electron-hole pairs induced by the strain potential at the interface between silicon and β-FeSi2 particles. The blueshift of the peak is ascribed to the transition of bound electron-hole pairs into free excitons at elevated temperature. Room temperature electroluminescence from such a silicon light-emitting diode can be obtained at a low current density of 0.3A∕cm2.
High field conduction in heat resistant polymers at elevated temperature for metallized film capacitors (2012)

Improved high temperature polymeric dielectrics are in demand for applications such as hybrid electric vehicles, advance aircraft, and deep oil/gas well drilling. Metallized polymeric film capacitors have the advantage of graceful failure as a result of self-healing. As no dielectrics are perfect insulators, trace amount of electrical conduction is always present, especially at high electric field and/or elevated temperature. In this work, high field conductivity and conduction mechanisms of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were investigated. Results suggest charge injection through Schottky mechanism and conduction through hopping in both polymers. The average activation energies of PPS and PET were 0.90 and 1.03 eV, respectively.
SiC power semiconductors in HEVs: Influence of junction temperature on power density, chip utilization and efficiency (2009)

With SiC, junction temperatures of power semiconductors of more than 700?C are theoretically possible due to the low intrinsic charge carrier concentration of SiC. Hence, a lot of research on package configurations for power semiconductor operation above 175?C is currently carried out, especially within the automotive industry due to the possible high ambient temperatures occurring in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). This paper shows, that a higher junction temperature though does not necessarily guarantee a higher utilization of the SiC chips with respect to the current that the device can conduct without overheating. The reason is, that for most power devices the power losses start to increase very rapidly at high junction temperatures while the power that can be dissipated always increases linearly with the junction temperature. The junction temperature, where the device current starts to decrease at, is derived for different SiC chips using measured onstate conduction and switching losses in this paper. This paper furthermore analyzes in detail, how the junction temperature on the one hand is influenced by boundary conditions and on the other hand influences itself the core parameters of a converter such as efficiency, the required chip area (i. e. cost) as well as the volumetric power density and thus forms an additional degree of freedom in the design of a power electronic converter. While calculating the optimum junction temperature and analyzing its impact on the system performance, it is demonstrated, how these results can help to find the best suited power semiconductor device for the particular application. The performance of the calculations is shown on a design applied to a drive inverter for hybrid electric vehicles with normally-off SiC JFETs. Operated close to the optimum junction temperature of the SiC JFETs, it reaches a power density of 51 kW/l for the power modules and the air-cooling system, which is shown to be doubled by increasing chip size and using an advanced power semiconductor package with a lower thermal resistance from junction to ambient than the for this case assumed 1 K/W.
Evaluating disparities in the U.S. technology transfer ecosystem to improve bench to business translation (2018)

<b>Background:</b> A large number of highly impactful technologies originated from academic research, and the transfer of inventions from academic institutions to private industry is a major driver of economic growth, and a catalyst for further discovery. However, there are significant inefficiencies in academic technology transfer. In this work, we conducted a data-driven assessment of translational activity across United States (U.S.) institutions to better understand how effective universities are in facilitating the transfer of new technologies into the marketplace. From this analysis, we provide recommendations to guide technology transfer policy making at both the university and national level. <b>Methods:</b> Using data from the Association of University Technology Managers U.S. Licensing Activity Survey, we defined a commercialization pipeline that reflects the typical path intellectual property takes; from initial research funding to startup formation and gross income. We use this pipeline to quantify the performance of academic institutions at each step of the process, as well as overall, and identify the top performing institutions via mean reciprocal rank. The corresponding distributions were visualized and disparities quantified using the Gini coefficient. <b>Results:</b> We found significant discrepancies in commercialization activity between institutions; a small number of institutions contribute to the vast majority of total commercialization activity. By examining select top performing institutions, we suggest improvements universities and technology transfer offices could implement to emulate the environment at these high-performing institutions. <b>Conclusion:</b> Significant disparities in technology transfer performance exist in which a select set of institutions produce a majority share of the total technology transfer activity. This disparity points to missed commercialization opportunities, and thus, further investigation into the distribution of technology transfer effectiveness across institutions and studies of policy changes that would improve the effectiveness of the commercialization pipeline is warranted.
Prediction of the Need for Postoperative Mechanical Ventilation in Myasthenia Gravis (1980)

In order to determine predictors for the postoperative need of mechanical ventilation in patients with myasthenia gravis undergoing thymectomy, the authors retrospectively applied multivariate discriminant analysis to preoperative physical, historical, and laboratory data of 24 myasthenic patients. They identified four risk factors--duration of myasthenia, respiratory disease, pyridostigmine dosage, and vital capacity--that allowed prediction of which patients would need postoperative mechanical ventilation and which could readily have their tracheas extubated. The four factors were weighted according to their respective importance in making this prediction and combined to form a preoperative scoring system. Using the resultant scores for each patient, the authors correctly predicted ventilatory need in 91 per cent of the patients, and only conservative errors (predicting the need for ventilatory support) were made. Traditionally used criteria for evaluating myasthenic patients were poorer predictors than the four factors identified by the authors. The scoring system may be clinically useful in the preoperative evaluation and postoperative care of the patient with myasthenia gravis, for its identifies important variables in the evaluation of the myasthenic patient and serves as an aid to the physician in identifying those able to tolerate early tracheal extubation.
Molecular evolution of the psi eta-globin gene locus: gibbon phylogeny and the hominoid slowdown. (1991)

An 8.4-kb genomic region spanning both the psi eta-globin gene locus and flanking DNA was sequenced from the common gibbon (Hylobates lar). In addition, sequencing of the entire orthologous region from galago (Galago crassicaudatus) was completed. The gibbon and galago sequences, along with published orthologous sequences from 10 other species, were aligned. These noncoding nucleotide sequences represented four human alleles, four apes (chimpanzee, gorilla, organgutan, and gibbon), an Old World monkey (rhesus monkey), two New World monkeys (spider and owl monkeys), tarsier, two strepsirhines (galago and lemur), and goat. Divergence and maximum parsimony analyses of the psi eta genomic region first groups humans and chimpanzees and then, at progressively more ancient branch points, successively joins gorillas, orangutans, gibbons, Old World monkeys, New World monkeys, tarsiers, and strepsirhines (the lemuriform-lorisiform branch of primates). This cladistic pattern supports the taxonomic grouping of all extant hominoids into family Hominidae, the division of Hominidae into subfamilies Hylobatinae (gibbons) and Homininae, the division of Homininae into tribes Pongini (orangutans) and Hominini, and the division of Hominini into subtribes Gorillina (gorillas) and Hominina (chimpanzees and humans). The additional gibbon and galago sequence data provide further support for the occurrence of a graded evolutionary-rate slowdown in the descent of simian primates, with the slowing rate being more pronounced in the great-ape and human lineages than in the gibbon or monkey lineages. A comparison of global versus local molecular clocks reveals that local clock predictions, when focused on a specific number of species within a narrow time frame, provide a more accurate estimate of divergence dates than do those of global clocks.
ChemInform Abstract: 5‐ALLYL‐9‐OXOBENZOMORPHANS. PART 4. SYNTHESIS OF 3‐HYDROXY‐8‐OXYISOMORPHINANS, 5‐ALLYL‐9α‐HYDROXY‐6,7‐BENZOMORPHANS, AND RELATED TETRAHYDROFURANOBENZOMORPHANS (1977)

Abstract Aus den 9ß‐Hydroxy‐benzomorphanen (I) werden die 3‐Methoxy‐8‐oxaisomorphinane (II) und (III) und aus diesen durch Demethylierung die entsprechenden 3‐Hydroxy‐ 8‐oxaisomorphinane (IV) bzw. (V) dargestellt.
Ste20-like protein kinases are required for normal localization of cell growth and for cytokinesis in budding yeast. (1995)

The yeast Ste20 protein kinase is involved in pheromone response. Mammalian homologs of Ste20 exist, but their function remains unknown. We identified a novel yeast STE20 homolog, CLA4, in a screen for mutations lethal in the absence of the G1 cyclins Cln1 and Cln2. Cla4 is involved in budding and cytokinesis and interacts with Cdc42, a GTPase required for polarized cell growth. Despite a cytokinesis defect, cla4 mutants are viable. However, double cla4 ste20 mutants cannot maintain septin rings at the bud neck and cannot undergo cytokinesis. Mutations in CDC12, which encodes one of the septins, were found in the same screen. Cla4 and Ste20 kinases apparently share a function in localizing cell growth with respect to the septin ring.
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE CAR VEHICLES USING COMPONENT MODES. VOLUME II. PARAMETRIC STUDY (1970)

The report documents the results of a parametric study made to assess the effects of inter-car coupling on the dynamic characteristics of high speed trains. In addition to shedding light on potential problems which may arise from the dynamic coupling of vehicle modes, the report includes a summary of the experience gained in application of the computer program developed for this purpose.
Comparison of electron microscope techniques for the identification of asbestos fibers (1977)

Six asbestos minerals and seven non-asbestos sheet and chain silicates were studied and the results from the two electron microscope methods were studied. The scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis SEM-ED elemental spectra of the asbestos minerals were indistinguishable from certain of the non-asbestos minerals. In every case, the transmission electron microscope coupled with selected area electron diffraction (TEM-SAED) patterns showed characteristic layer line and spacing patterns for the asbestos minerals which were always distinguishable from the non-asbestos mineral. TEM-SAED analysis is therefore considered the only technique capable of identifying and sizing asbestos particles collected in a low concentration environment.
Coumarin‐Based Fluorogenic Probes for No‐Wash Protein Labeling (2014)

Abstract A fluorescent protein‐labeling strategy was developed in which a protein of interest (POI) is genetically tagged with a short peptide sequence presenting two Cys residues that can selectively react with synthetic fluorogenic reagents. These fluorogens comprise a fluorophore and two maleimide groups that quench fluorescence until they both undergo thiol addition during the labeling reaction. Novel fluorogens were prepared and kinetically characterized to demonstrate the importance of a methoxy substituent on the maleimide in suppressing reactivity with glutathione, an intracellular thiol, while maintaining reactivity with the dithiol tag. This system allows the rapid and specific labeling of intracellular POIs.
Stationary Electrical Power Generation From an Integrated Fuel Cell System With Thermal Energy Recovery (2000)

Abstract The objective of this paper is to present an overview of design, operating and performance considerations for stationary electrical power generation utilizing a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack integrated with a proprietary IdaTech hydrogen fuel processor. Additionally, electrical and combined (electrical plus thermal) efficiencies of integrated systems are presented.
The effect of glass fibers on the rheological behavior of polypropylene melts between rotating parallel plates (1984)

Abstract The Rheometrics mechanical spectrometer has been employed in the parallel plate mode to study the rheological behavior of pure polypropylene resin and melts filled with 10, 20, 30, and 40 percent by weight glass fibers. Steady‐state shear data show that, for loadings above 20 percent fiber, increasing fiber loading leads to an increase in viscosity of the melt. The effect of increasing fiber content becomes smaller at higher shear rates. For the same loading range, fiber addition increases the first normal stress difference, and the effect of fiber loading becomes smaller with increasing shear rate. At 10 percent loading, the viscosity of the filled polymer melt is lower than that of the pure resin melt. These results require further confirmation. Strain sweeps employing dynamic measurements in conjunction with the parallel plate mode of the Mechanical Spectrometer were carried out. In general, it was found the dynamic properties are strain dependent. Steady shear data employing the cone‐and‐plate mode were not repeatable.
New Insights into Chloramphenicol Biosynthesis in Streptomyces venezuelae ATCC 10712 (2014)

Comparative genome analysis revealed seven uncharacterized genes, sven0909 to sven0915, adjacent to the previously identified chloramphenicol biosynthetic gene cluster (sven0916-sven0928) of Streptomyces venezuelae strain ATCC 10712 that was absent in a closely related Streptomyces strain that does not produce chloramphenicol. Transcriptional analysis suggested that three of these genes might be involved in chloramphenicol production, a prediction confirmed by the construction of deletion mutants. These three genes encode a cluster-associated transcriptional activator (Sven0913), a phosphopantetheinyl transferase (Sven0914), and a Na(+)/H(+) antiporter (Sven0915). Bioinformatic analysis also revealed the presence of a previously undetected gene, sven0925, embedded within the chloramphenicol biosynthetic gene cluster that appears to encode an acyl carrier protein, bringing the number of new genes likely to be involved in chloramphenicol production to four. Microarray experiments and synteny comparisons also suggest that sven0929 is part of the biosynthetic gene cluster. This has allowed us to propose an updated and revised version of the chloramphenicol biosynthetic pathway.
Fabrication, characterization, and analysis of zinc-diffused GaAs waveguides (1989)

GaAs planar channel waveguides fabricated with diffused boundaries using a zinc-doped spin-on-glass source are discussed. Low loss (~1.9 dB/cm) single-mode waveguides are achieved. Modal properties of the waveguides are experimentally investigated. A simple model is used to analyze the waveguides.
Profile leverage in self-aligned epitaxial Si or SiGe base bipolar technology (2002)

The authors have developed a planar, self-aligned, epitaxial Si or SiGe-base bipolar technology and explored intrinsic profile design leverage for high-performance devices in three distinct areas: transit time reduction, collector-base (CB) junction engineering, and emitter-base (EB) junction engineering. High f/sub T/ Si (30-50 GHz) and SiGe (50-70 GHz) epi-base devices were integrated with trench isolation and polysilicon load resistors to evaluate ECL (emitter coupled logic) circuit performance. A 15% enhancement in ECL circuit performance was observed for SiGe relative to Si devices with similar base doping profiles in a given device layout. Minimum SiGe-base ECL gate delays of 24.6 ps (8 mW) were obtained. Lightly doped spacers were positioned in both the EB and CB junctions to tailor junction characteristics (leakage, tunneling, and avalanche breakdown), reduce junction capacitances, and thereby obtain an overall performance improvement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Automated Speech Recognition Technology for Dialogue Interaction with Non-Native Interlocutors (2015)

Alexei V. Ivanov, Vikram Ramanarayanan, David Suendermann-Oeft, Melissa Lopez, Keelan Evanini, Jidong Tao. Proceedings of the 16th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue. 2015.