gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Plasmodium Falciparum Infections in Panamanian and Colombian Owl Monkeys (1985)

Parameters of blood-induced infections of the Vietnam Oak Knoll, Vietnam Smith, and Uganda Palo Alto strains of Plasmodium falciparum studied in 395 Panamanian owl monkeys in this laboratory between 1976-1984 were compared with those reported from another laboratory for 665 Colombian owl monkeys, studied between 1968-1975, and, at the time, designated Aotus trivirgatus griseimembra. The virulence of these strains was less in Panamanian than in Colombian owl monkeys, as indicated by lower mortality rates of the Panamanian monkeys during the first 30 days of patency. Maximum parasitemias of the Vietnam Smith and Uganda Palo Alto strain, in Panamanian owl monkeys dying during the first 15 days of patent infection, were significantly higher than in Colombian owl monkeys. Panamanian owl monkeys that survived the primary attack had significantly higher maximum parasitemias than the surviving Colombian owl monkeys. Peak parasitemias were attained significantly earlier after patency in Panamanian than in Colombian owl monkeys, irrespective of the strain of P. falciparum. More Panamanian than Colombian owl monkeys evidenced self-limited infection after the primary attack of either the Vietnam Smith or Uganda Palo Alto strain. The duration of the primary attacks and recrudescences were significantly shorter in Panamanian than in Colombian owl monkeys. Mean peak parasitemias during recrudescence were usually higher in Panamanian owl monkeys than in Colombian monkeys. Differences of infection parameters were probably attributable, in part, to geographical origin of the two monkey hosts and parasite strains.
Spinal electrical stimulation for intractable angina—long-term clinical outcome and safety (1994)

Spinal cord electrical stimulation is an alternative therapy for patients with chronic pain syndromes including angina. Although it has been shown to produce symptomatic relief and reduce ischaemia, doubts remain about its long-term safety. We report here for the first time the results of a follow-up study over a period of 62 months, mean 45 months (range 21-62), of 23 patients who had stimulator units implanted for intractable angina unresponsive to standard therapy. Symptomatic improvement was good and persisted in the majority with a mean (SD) change of NYHA grade from 3.1 (0.8) pre-operatively to 2.0 (0.9) (P < 0.01) immediately after operation and 2.1 (1.07) at the latest follow-up. GTN consumption fell markedly. Mean (SEM) treadmill exercise time increased from 407 (45) s with the stimulator off to 499 (46) s with the stimulator on (P < 0.01). Forty-eight hour ST segment monitoring in those with bipolar leads showed a reduction of total number and duration of ischaemic episodes. There were three deaths, none of which were sudden or unexplained and this mortality rate is acceptable for such a group of patients. Two patients had a myocardial infarction, which was associated with typical pain and not masked by the treatment. Complications related to earlier lead designs were frequent. This study confirms that spinal electrical stimulation is an effective and safe form of alternative therapy for the occasional patient whose angina is unresponsive to standard therapies.
Vector Control Drive of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using Resolver Sensor (2007)

The rotor position is necessary to achieve the vec-tor control drive system of Permanent Magnet Syn-chronous Motor (PMSM). In this paper, the resolver sensor detecting the rotor position of PMSM is fo-cused. The outstanding features of this sensor are its robust structure and noise insensitivity. The resolver algorithm is proposed and implemented in the vector control drive system of PMSM. The pro-posed scheme has been verified by both simulation and experiment using MATLAB/Simulink and the TMS320F2812 based digital controller, respectively.
Effects of Cutaneous Gastric Electrical Stimulation on Gastric Emptying and Postprandial Satiety and Fullness in Lean and Obese Subjects (2010)

CGES at a tachygastrial frequency enhances postprandial fullness and satiety, and delays gastric emptying. Its therapeutic potential for obesity needs to be studied.
Fear extinction deficits following acute stress associate with increased spine density and dendritic retraction in basolateral amygdala neurons (2013)

Stress-sensitive psychopathologies such as post-traumatic stress disorder are characterized by deficits in fear extinction and dysfunction of corticolimbic circuits mediating extinction. Chronic stress facilitates fear conditioning, impairs extinction, and produces dendritic proliferation in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), a critical site of plasticity for extinction. Acute stress impairs extinction, alters plasticity in the medial prefrontal cortex-to-BLA circuit, and causes dendritic retraction in the medial prefrontal cortex. Here, we examined extinction learning and basolateral amygdala pyramidal neuron morphology in adult male rats following a single elevated platform stress. Acute stress impaired extinction acquisition and memory, and produced dendritic retraction and increased mushroom spine density in basolateral amygdala neurons in the right hemisphere. Unexpectedly, irrespective of stress, rats that underwent fear and extinction testing showed basolateral amygdala dendritic retraction and altered spine density relative to non-conditioned rats, particularly in the left hemisphere. Thus, extinction deficits produced by acute stress are associated with increased spine density and dendritic retraction in basolateral amygdala pyramidal neurons. Furthermore, the finding that conditioning and extinction as such was sufficient to alter basolateral amygdala morphology and spine density illustrates the sensitivity of basolateral amygdala morphology to behavioral manipulation. These findings may have implications for elucidating the role of the amygdala in the pathophysiology of stress-related disorders.
ChemInform Abstract: INDOLOBENZOFURANS. 1. SYNTHESIS OF ISOMERIC INDOLOBENZO(B)FURANS (1985)

Abstract Aus 2‐Ami‐ nobenzofuran (I) wird über das Diazoniumsalz das Hydrazin hergestellt und dieses mit Brenztraubensäureester (II) zum Hydrazon (III) umgesetzt.
Simultaneous synthesis of flexible heat exchanger networks (2003)

In industry there is still lot of potential to make an energy system more efficient and thereby reduce the waste heat available. On the other hand there is an option to export the waste heat to another industry or to society. When the use of a heat exchanger network is considered for these tasks the optimization framework developed in this work can be implemented to calculate the cost of optimal investments.\n\nThis thesis presents a framework for generating flexible heat exchanger networks (HEN) over a specified range of variations in the flow rates and temperatures of the streams, so that the total annual costs (TAC) as a result of utility charges, exchanger areas and selection of matches are minimized. The proposed framework includes (i) an initialization stage to reduce the problem size, (ii) a multiperiod simultaneous MINLP model to synthesize a flexible HEN configuration, (iii) a multiperiod LP feasibility test model to check the operability and identify critical conditions which are to be included in the possible resolve stage of the MINLP model, and (iv) an NLP improvement model for further optimization by partly removing simplifications related to the MINLP model. This framework results in a HEN which can work in varying conditions without losing stream temperature targets and can keep an economically optimal energy integration.\n\nThis thesis also shows how the simplified superstructure presentation proposed by Yee and Grossmann (1990a) can be applied for generating flexible heat exchanger networks. Furthermore, this thesis presents a scheme which eliminates the modeling of bypasses, so that the nonlinear heat balances, binary variables, temperature variables and flow variables related to each bypass in the superstructure are no longer needed in the model. The elimination of bypass modeling, a stage-wise superstructure presentation and isothermal mixing assumption, make the MINLP model more robust and efficient to solve. Since this MINLP model is not solved until a problem is well prepared by the other parts of the developed optimization framework, the methodology presented in this thesis is applicable to solve industrial size grassroot design cases of flexible heat exchanger network problems.\n\nLastly, the proposed HEN synthesis strategy has been successively applied to two industrial problems where the industrial waste heat streams have been cooled down, forming a local and site level energy integration to gain savings in steam consumption and to avoid cooling tower investment. Both these problems represent the special case of correlated uncertain parameters, which here means that there is a relationship between uncertain parameters given in the stream data.
Distribution of nimodipine in brain following intranasal administration in rats. (2004)

Nasally administered NM could markedly improve the bioavailability and a fraction of the NM dose could be transported into brain via the olfactory pathway in rats.
Intellectual Property Rights in Data (1997)

The Authors trace the evolution of hybrid intellectual property rights protecting the contents of noncopyrightable databases from early European Commission proposals sounding in unfair competition law to the strong and potentially perpetual exclusive property right embodied in the final E.C. Directive on Databases adopted in March 1996. Also Examined are parallel legislative proposals pending before Congress and the draft international treaty on the legal protection of databases to be considered at a Diplomatic Conference hosted by the World Intellectual Property Organization in December 1996. The Authors endorse the need to provide some ancillary legal relief for investors in the generation and distribution of digitzed data over telecommunications networks, lest free-riders appropriate the fruits of these investments. They deplore, however, the creation of strong legal barriers to enty in a field of endeavor already characterized by a pronounced lack of competition and by the preponderance of sole-source database providers. They shos that, under both the existing and proposed sui generis reimes, most commercially valuable compliations of data will never enter the public domain, despite the "Limited Times" Clause of the U.S. Constitution; that the dependence of the scientific and educational communities on plentiful and affordable supplies of data has been virtually ignored, despite the constitutional mandate "to promote the progress of science and [the] useful arts;" and that the very existence of value-adding use industries in this sector would be jeopardized, notwithstanding the Supreme Court's procompetitive mandate in Feist and Bonito Boats. For these and other reasons, the proposed regimes to protect investments in databases- though requiring no creative achievement as a precondition of eligibility- have paradoxically applied one of the strongest and most anti-competitive intellectual property rights ever conceived to the elementary particles and building blocks of knowledge. The Authors re-examine the economic and legal justifications for providing investors in information goods with a measure of artificial lead time that would enable them to recuperate their investments and turn a profit in a digitized envirnonment. They conclude that a weak intellectual property right- consistent with first amendment values and with other constitutional constraints- could overcome the risk of market failure without creating legal barriers to entry. To this end, they propose two alternative models, one based on simple unfair competition principles. Either model could increase the level of investment in the production and distribution of databases, while stimulating, rather than discouraging the formation of more competitive market segments. The Article ends with a detailed analysis of the exceptions and other measures favoring science and education that will become indispensable under any sui generis regime protecting the contents of databases if the United States is not to jeopardize its pre-eminent role in basic science and the downstream technological innovation to which it gives rise.
Bacterial profiles in deep sediments of the Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean, Sites 976-978 (1999)

Sediments from three sites in the Alboran Sea, Western Mediterranean were investigated for the presence of bacteria in deep sediments. A series of 54 x 1-cm3 sediment samples were removed from core sections of Hole 976B between 26.9 and 646.6 mbsf (16 samples), Hole 977A between 0 and 525.8 mbsf (29 samples), and Hole 978A between 346 and 644.6 mbsf (9 samples) for direct microscopic determination of bacteria. Sites 977 and 978 were only 24 km apart,contained similar sedimentary sequences and interstitial water profiles and covered complimentary depth ranges to provide samples from the surface to 644 mbsf, hence these were treated as one site. Significant bacterial populations were present in the deepest samples of both sites 644 and 647 mbsf in site 977/978 and 976 respectively (3.5 x 106 cells/cm3 and 1.62x106 respectively). These bacterial depth distributions correspond very well with previous data from Atlantic and Pacific Ocean sites, but they also extend considerably the previous deepest marine sediment samples that have been analysed for bacteria (514 mbsf) and extend the depth of the bacterial biosphere in this environment. As the rate of decrease in bacterial populations does not change even in these deep samples it is likely that bacteria are present even deeper than 650 mbsf in marine sediments. At site 977/978 a deep brine incursion supplies sulfate below 400 mbsf and absence of methane in this zone suggests active bacterial anaerobic methane oxidation. A similar brine incursion in the Peru Margin was shown to stimulate bacterial activity and increased bacterial viability at depths of 80 mbsf and approximately 1 mya. A similar effect may be occuring at site 977/978. This would explain why the bacterial profile does not decrease with depth in the deeper layers and demonstrates the viability of bacteia in ancient deposits (6 mya).
28 GHz Switched-Beam Antenna Based on S-PIN Diodes for 5G Mobile Communications (2017)

This letter presents a 28 GHz switched five-beam antenna system based on a rectangular waveguide and a reconfigurable semiconductor circuit (RSC) with slots. Surface p-i-n diodes are used to close or open slots in order to achieve required configuration of an aperture. The RSC with a modified WR28 waveguide composes a reconfigurable radiating structure (RRS), which provides three beams directed toward 0°, 30°, and 45°. Beam switching is achieved by reconfigurable arrangement of a set of slots. Complementary RRSs connected to the electromechanical RF switch is used to generate remaining -30° and -45° beams. The gain of each generated beam is similar because different numbers of slots are opened, i.e., three, five, and nine slots for beams directed toward 0°, 30°, and 45°, respectively. Aperture of the antenna is controlled by a unit composed of high-current operational amplifiers. Measured results validate the performance of designed millimeter-wave reconfigurable antenna.
Festive greetings! (2017)

Hand-made greetings cards are a fantastic way to get into the festive mood and explore ideas to do with ice and snow. They also encourage children to test their dexterity, particularly using their fine pincer grasp.
Wide-Context Semantic Image Extrapolation (2019)

This paper studies the fundamental problem of extrapolating visual context using deep generative models, i.e., extending image borders with plausible structure and details. This seemingly easy task actually faces many crucial technical challenges and has its unique properties. The two major issues are size expansion and one-side constraints. We propose a semantic regeneration network with several special contributions and use multiple spatial related losses to address these issues. Our results contain consistent structures and high-quality textures. Extensive experiments are conducted on various possible alternatives and related methods. We also explore the potential of our method for various interesting applications that can benefit research in a variety of fields.
HOW AUTOMATED TRACK-LINING AND RAISING SYSTEMS WORK. 5-- THE TAMPER SYSTEM (1977)

This method for measuring track geometry is based on a light-beam-operated reference system. The determination for lifting and cross leveling is based on a horizontal plane practically floating above the track at a constant distance at all times. The measurement of horizontal track alignment works basically on continuous stringlining with the chord being a light beam. Variations on the automatic system can involve lower levels of automation than possible with the photoelectric sensors and associated controls.
[?쇰Ц] ??숆탳 ?ы븰??湲곗닕??嫄곗＜?섍꼍 留뚯”???됯???愿???곌뎄 (2016)

Post Occupancy Evaluation(POE) has a good role to improve or adapt the design items through the survey or interview of the resident. Among buildings, the university dormitory provides the living function to support the study in the university. Therefore, it needs to find the design elements and improve the living and study condition for residents. In this paper. it aimed at conducting the POE in university women dormitory for women and providing the building and design items for the next improvement. In addition, it aimed at analyzing the relation between the building satisfaction and the affecting factors, dividing the building into 8 spatial area such as room, entrance area, toilet and etc.. For these, data are surveyed the women dormitory located in the north area of Kyungsangbuk-Do and collected the 683 samples. This study shows some results ; First, the resident evaluates living condition of the dormitory room is a little good. Second, the freshman has a good score more than any other grade, which probably affect the period of the experience and exposure in university. In addition, residents get affect from the finishings, furniture and inconvenience. Third, the resident evaluates living condition of the dormitory room is a little good. Fourth, the satisfaction degree is affected by each size more than any other components in 8 spatial areas. Especially, the number of laundry machine is important factor for satisfaction. Second, the overall satisfaction is affected by room size higher than any other factors.
Detection of Estrus-Related Odors in Cows by Trained Dogs (1978)

Four German Shepherd and 2 Labrador Retriever dogs with previous experience in olfactory detection of explosives were trained to detect and respond to samples from estrous cows. Performance of the dogs was tested in trials consisting of simultaneous presentation of swabs from the vaginas of estrous and diestrous cows. Seven experiments were conducted, each consisting of several sessions of testing. In the first experiment, estrous-diestrous pairs of samples from the same cow (within-cow comparisons) were used repeatedly over successive sessions and the dogs averaged 81.6% correct detections of samples from estrous cows. In the second experiment, within-cow pairs of samples were used again, but samples from a different cow were introduced after every 10 trials. The dogs averaged 68.1% correct detections in the second experiment. The third experiment was identical to the second, except that it took place in a dairy farmyard setting and the dogs' overall score rose to 79.5% correct detections. The fourth, fifth and sixth experiments were conducted indoors as the first two had been. The fourth experiment was designed to make detection more difficult and within-cow pairs of samples were changed after every trial. The dogs averaged 80.7% correct detections. In the fifth experiment, pairs of samples from 5 cows were used during each of 3 sessions of testing. Each sample from a cow in estrus was paired with a sample from the same cow in diestrus and also with the diestrous samples from each of the other 4 cows. The dogs averaged 80.9% correct detections of estrous samples. In the sixth experiment, a limited number of urine samples from estrous and diestrous cows was used and the dogs correctly identified the estrous samples in 77.8% of the trials.
The use of maggot therapy in the treatment of a malignant foot wound (2004)

Mrs T presented with a necrotic wound to her right foot secondary to malignant adenocarcinoma. Maggot therapy was used to successfully debride the wound, which had failed to respond to conventional treatment. The maggot therapy removed the necrotic tissue and appeared to initiate the process of granulation, which allowed the wound to be dressed with conventional materials and progress towards healing.
Smart Material Control Without Wire Leads or Electrodes: New Methods and Devices (1997)

Abstract Presented in this paper is a method for application of control signals to piezoelectric material patches that eliminates the need for both distributed electrodes and wire leads. The aim of this method is to provide a design solution for smart structural applications that require a very high spatial resolution over a relatively large area. The need for separate electrodes and leads is eliminated by depositing the control charges directly on the surface of the piezoelectric material using an electron gun. Both positive and negative electric displacements can be applied with an electron gun. This is accomplished by controlling the energy of the incident electron beam so that the secondary electron yield is either greater than or less than one. The spatial resolution of this control method is as small as the spot size of the electron beam, which in a focused beam may be as small as a few microns. One great advantage of this method is that it eliminates the need for discrete electrodes. This allows the control system design of a smart structural system to reside in signal processing rather than hardware.
Colony stimulating factors (including erythropoietin, granulocyte colony stimulating factor and analogues) for stroke (2013)

There are significant safety concerns regarding EPO therapy for stroke. It is too early to know whether other CSFs improve functional outcome.
Terahertz transmission in subwavelength holes of asymmetric metal-dielectric interfaces: The effect of a dielectric layer (2008)

The influence of a dielectric thin film on resonant transmission of terahertz pulses in a plasmonic array of subwavelength holes of asymmetric dielectric-metal interfaces is presented. A giant tuning of up to 0.80 THz at the surface plasmon metal-air [±1,0] mode at 1.95 THz and a further enhanced transmission at the metal-Si [±1,0] mode at 0.5 THz are achieved by modifying the film thickness. The experimental results are characterized by numerical simulation based on finite element method and angle-dependent measurements. The sensitive nature in the plasmonic hole array of asymmetric interfaces is promising in applications of biochemical sensing and tunable integrated plasmonic devices.