gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Berberine on Blood Lipids: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (2013)

Clinical trials have reported lipid-lowering effects of berberine intake, but the findings have been inconsistent. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the safety of berberine and its effects on blood lipid profiles. A systemic review was designed, undertaken and reported in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Randomized controlled trials of the effects of berberine on blood lipids in adults were included. Study population characteristics and the main results, including changes in the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, were extracted. Weighted mean differences were calculated for net changes in blood lipid concentrations using fixed-effect or random-effects models. After filtering, eleven randomized controlled trials (including a total of 874 participants) were included in this study. The methodological quality of these studies was generally low. The final analysis showed that administration of berberine produced a significant reduction in total cholesterol (mean difference - 0.61 mmol/L; 95 % confidence interval - 0.83 to - 0.39), triglycerides (mean difference - 0.50 mmol/L; 95 % confidence interval - 0.69 to - 0.31), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mean difference - 0.65 mmol/L; 95 % confidence interval - 0.76 to - 0.54) levels, with a remarkable increase in high-density lipoprotein (mean difference 0.05 mmol/L; 95 % confidence interval 0.02 to 0.09). No serious adverse effects of berberine have been reported. In conclusion, berberine may have beneficial effects in the control of blood lipid levels. However, the efficacy of berberine in treating hyperlipidemia should be further evaluated by more randomized controlled trials in a larger population of patients.
Blended host ink for solution processing high performance phosphorescent OLEDs (2019)

In order to solve the interface issues in solution deposition of multilayer OLED devices, a blended host concept was developed and applied to both spin-coating and inkjet printing of phosphorescent OLEDs. The blended host consists of 1,3-bis(carbazolyl)benzene (mCP) and1,3,5-tri(phenyl-2-benzimidazoly)-benzene (TPBi). Maximum current efficiency (CE) of 24.2 cd A<sup>-1</sup> and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 7.0% have been achieved for spin-coated device. Maximum CE and EQE of 23.0 cd A<sup>-1</sup> and 6.7% have been achieved for inkjet printed device. The films deposited by printing and spin-casting were further researched to explore the effect of those different processing methods on device performance.
Parietal Pleura and Extrapleural Space in Chronic Tuberculous Empyema: CT–Pathologic Correlation (2001)

A layer of low attenuation in the parietal pleural peel may be due to different episodes of infection. The extrapleural space with intermediate attenuation may indicate ongoing inflammation. Linear soft tissue attenuation interrupting the extrapleural fat represents a fibrous layer rather than the subcostalis muscle.
Introduction (2018)

Untranslatability has never had a higher profile than at present in popular culture, but translators are always willing to rise to the challenge of at least paraphrasing “untranslatable” material, so does “untranslatable” in practice really mean anything more than “difficult to translate”? The term is in vogue in academic translation studies, too, largely thanks to Barbara Cassin and Emily Apter, whose work has highlighted the importance of translation problems to philosophical enquiry and world literature, respectively. This introductory chapter sets out some of the key terms of the untranslatability debate, and summarises the contributions to follow.
Autonomous vehicles safe-optimal trajectory selection based on big data analysis and predefined user preferences (2016)

Autonomous Vehicle (AV) or self-driving vehicle technology promises to provide many economical and societal benefits and impacts. Safety is on the top of these benefits. Trajectory or path planning is one of the essential and critical tasks in operating the autonomous vehicle. In this paper we are tackling the problem of trajectory planning for fully-autonomous vehicles. Our use cases are designed for autonomous vehicles in a cloud based connected vehicle environment. This paper presents a method for selecting safe-optimal trajectory in autonomous vehicles. Selecting the safe trajectory in our work mainly based on using Big Data mining and analysis of real-life accidents data and real-time connected vehicles' data. The decision of selecting this trajectory is done automatically without any human intervention. The human touches in this scenario could be only at defining and prioritizing the driving preferences and concerns at the beginning of the planned trip. Safety always overrides the ranked user preferences listed in this work. The output of this work is a safe trajectory that represented by the position, ETA, distance, and the estimated fuel consumption for the entire trip.
IESCO 6th STG and ELR Project : main report (2006)

The development objective of the Electricity Distribution and Transmission Improvement Project for Pakistan is to help increase the efficiency, reliability, and quality of electricity supply by supporting reductions in overall technical and commercial losses, increased availability of electricity, and improved voltage profile. The Project also aims to support power sector reform and investment planning and financing through technical assistance. This Environmental Assessment (EA) document evaluated impacts and suggests mitigation measures in the following areas, respectively : soil erosion and degradation, caused by grid stations and transmission lines construction activities; surface and ground water contamination; loss or damage to wildlife; damage to natural vegetation; inappropriate liquid or solid waste disposal; leakage from oils and chemicals; crop compensation; construction crews will be provided with LPG for cooking; use of firewood will not be allowed; post-construction monitoring of tower foundations will be carried out to detect early signs of soil erosion or land sliding; and finally, applicability of Pakistan's legal and environmental policy legislation and the Bank's operational safeguard policy on environmental and social matters, such as Forestry, Natural Habitats; Indigenous Peoples; Cultural Property; Projects in Disputed Areas.
RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY ESTIMATES IN CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE PATIENTS: A RECENT EXPERIENCE (1993)

In conclusion, present respiratory syncytial virus mortality rates in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease are much less than those described nearly a decade ago. Patients with pulmonary hypertension have increased mortality rates as measured by duration of hospitalization, need for and duration of intensive care, and requirement and duration of mechanical ventilation. However, greatly increased mortality risk is not currently seen in congenital heart disease patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension compared with those congenital heart disease patients without this diagnosis. The substantially reduced mortality rate differences observed between the present congenital heart disease patients and patients of a decade ago are probably due to advances in pediatric intensive care medicine and surgical management of heart disease. It is unlikely that the availability of ribavirin alone has been responsible for the marked reduction in respiratory syncytial virus congenital heart disease mortality rates. Appropriately designed studies addressing efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and short- and long-term safety of ribavirin use in patients with congenital heart disease are still needed.
First‐Time‐in‐Human Dose Selection: Allometric Thoughts and Perspectives (1995)

Some of the many factors that influence dose selection in first-time-in-human studies are examined. These include animal toxicology, toxicokinetics, allometric scaling, pharmacokinetics, body surface area correlations, and integration of preclinical pharmacologic and toxicologic data. Appropriate preclinical evaluation and analysis may reduce the frequency and severity of unexpected toxic events arising during single-dose, phase I testing. However, significant intrinsic uncertainties in this process presently exist and will continue to exist well into the foreseeable future. With our present state of knowledge, we cannot provide a realistic and reasonable algorithm for ascertaining first-time-in-human doses: any decision tree would be too unwieldy. There are several rules of thumb that do have a place in the evaluation and decision-making process, however.
Synthesis of 2,1-Benzisoxazolesby Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen in Nitroarenes Activatedby the Azole Ring (2009)

Reaction of 1-nitro-4-(1,2,3-triazolyl/tetrazolyl)benzenes with arylacetonitriles in an alcoholic medium in the presence of excess alkali gives novel 2,1-benzisoxazoles. These findings indicate a high reactivity of nitroarenes activated by the azole ring due to their electron-deficient character. Moreover, it was found that annulation of the isoxazole ring occurred regioselectively in disubstituted nitroarenes. In the case of 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-tetrazole, the tetrazole ring cleaved faster than the σH-adduct was formed.
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Inhibiting Excitatory Synapses in the CA1 Area of Rat Hippocampus (1995)

In the CA1 region of hippocampal slices prepared from young adult rats, we studied the ability of several specific agonists of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) to depress excitatory synaptic transmission at the CA3-CA1 pyramidal cell synapses. Three groups of mGluRs have been described: group 1 (mGluR1 and 5) receptors are positively coupled to phospholipase C whereas group 2 (mGluR2 and 3) and group 3 (mGluR4, 6, 7 and 8) receptors are negatively coupled to adenylate cyclase. We found that the broad-spectrum agonist (1S,3R)-1-aminocyclopentyl-1,3-dicarboxylate and the group 1-specific agonist (R,S)-dihydroxyphenylglycine both reversibly inhibited evoked field excitatory postsynaptic potentials, indicating the involvement of group 1 mGluRs. (R,S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine presumably inhibited transmission via a presynaptic mechanism, as whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings revealed that inhibition of the synaptic transmission was always accompanied with an increase in paired-pulse facilitation. Treatment with a specific blocker of mGluR1 receptors, the phenylglycine derivative (S)-4-carboxyphenylglycine, was without effect on the (1S,3R)-1-amino-cyclopentyl-1,3-dicarboxylate-induced depression of the field excitatory postsynaptic potentials, strongly suggesting that mGluR5 receptors are responsible for the (1S,3R)-1-aminocyclopentyl-1,3-dicarboxylate effect. Two selective agonists of group 2 mGluRs, (2S,1's,2's)-2-(2'-carboxycyclopropyl)glycine and 4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenylglycine, were totally ineffective in blocking CA3-CA1-evoked synaptic transmission, excluding the involvement of mGluR2/3 subtypes at this developmental stage.
GaAs/(Ca,Sr)F2/(001) GaAs lattice-matched structures grown by molecular beam epitaxy (1984)

Epitaxial growth of GaAs/(Ca, Sr) F2/GaAs structures by means of molecular beam epitaxy has been demonstrated. It has been shown that it was possible to grow layers with good crystalline quality and no noticeable interdiffusion at the interfaces. In addition, the uppermost GaAs layers present interesting electrical properties, exhibiting electron Hall mobilities of about 1300 cm2/Vs.
A genetic study of cold resistance in wheat (1970)

SUMMARY The variety Chinese Spring of Triticum aestivum is susceptible to cold treatment applied at the juvenile plant stage, while the variety Cappelle-Desprez shows resistance to such treatment. By cytological and backcross procedures single homologous pairs of chromosomes from Cappelle-Desprez were substituted for their homologues in Chinese Spring. Assay experiments carried out on each of the 21 possible substitution lines indicated that three chromosomes, 4D, 5D and 7A of Cappelle-Desprez were involved in the determination of cold resistance. The resistance expressed by the three substitution lines carrying these chromosomes was less than the reaction of Cappelle-Desprez to cold treatment. Also the magnitude of this resistance supported a hypothesis that the action of the three chromosomes was additive on the scale of measurement used. The possible relationships of the genes for cold resistance to the established genes controlling other developmental characters, also carried by these three chromosomes, are discussed.
Evidence Against the Involvement of Oxidative Stress in Fatty Acid Inhibition of Insulin Secretion (2004)

Prolonged exposure to elevated levels of fatty acids adversely affects pancreatic beta-cell function. Here we investigated 1) whether ceramide synthesis, which we reported to mediate fatty acid inhibition of insulin gene expression, also inhibits insulin secretion and 2) whether fatty acid inhibition of insulin secretion involves the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), or prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)). A 72-h culture of islets in the presence of palmitate or oleate resulted in a marked decrease in glucose-induced insulin release assessed in 1-h static incubations. This effect was reproduced by exogenous diacylglycerol, but not by a cell-permeable analog of ceramide. Culture in the presence of fatty acids was not associated with an increase in intracellular peroxide or NO levels, neither was insulin secretion restored by antioxidants or an inhibitor of NO production. Exposure to fatty acids led to an increase in PGE(2) release, but an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase 2 was unable to prevent fatty acid inhibition of insulin secretion. These results indicate that fatty acid inhibition of insulin secretion 1) is not mediated by de novo ceramide synthesis, ROS, NO, or PGE(2), and 2) is likely to be caused by the generation of signals or metabolites downstream of diacylglycerol.
ISfinder: the reference centre for bacterial insertion sequences (2005)

ISfinder (www-is.biotoul.fr) is a dedicated database for bacterial insertion sequences (ISs). It has superseded the Stanford reference center. One of its functions is to assign IS names and to provide a focal point for a coherent nomenclature. It is also the repository for ISs. Each new IS is indexed together with information such as its DNA sequence and open reading frames or potential coding sequences, the sequence of the ends of the element and target sites, its origin and distribution together with a bibliography where available. Another objective is to continuously monitor ISs to provide updated comprehensive groupings or families and to provide some insight into their phylogenies. The site also contains extensive background information on ISs and transposons in general. Online tools are gradually being added. At present an online Blast facility against the entire bank is available. But additional features will include alignment capability, PsiBLAST and HMM profiles. ISfinder also includes a section on bacterial genomes and is involved in annotating the IS content of these genomes. Finally, this database is currently recommended by several microbiology journals for registration of new IS elements before their publication.
Octave-Band Microstrip DC Blocks (Short Papers) (1972)

The design of octave-bandwidth microstrip interdigital dc blocks is presented. Data for a 7.75- to 16.3-GHz design are given and correlated with an approximate equivalent circuit based on even and odd mode propagation in coupled microstrip. Additional data are tabulated reflecting the ability to shift the frequency band of operation.
Prediction of Deterioration Rate for Composite Material by Moisture Absorption (2010)

If the fiber reinforced plastic is exposed to the moisture for a long period of time, most of moisture absorption occurs on the resin place, thus dropping cohesiveness between the molecules as the water molecules permeated between high molecular chains grant high molecular mobility and flexibility. Also as the micro crack occurs due to the permeation of moisture on the interface of glass fiber and epoxy resin, it is developed to the overall damage of interface place. Hence, the study on absorption is essential as the mechanical and physical properties of fiber reinforced composites are reduced.<BR> However, the study on absorption has the inconvenience needing to expose composite materials to fresh water or seawater for 1 month or up to 1 year. Therefore, this study has exposed fiber reinforced composites to fresh water and has developed a model with an accuracy of 98% after comparing the analysis value obtained by using ANSYS while basing on the experimental value of property decline by absorption and the basic properties of glass fiber and epoxy resin used in the experiment.
Merged transistor logic--A low-cost bipolar logic concept (1972)

A bipolar logic concept allowing high functional densities comparable with advanced FET logic due to omission of isolation diffusion and ohmic resistors (four mask steps only) will be described. Despite process simplicity a power-x delay product of 0.7 pJ has been experimentally verified.
New Developments in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hymenoptera Venom Allergy (2001)

According to most textbooks, diagnostic tests with Hymenoptera venoms are reliable, and immunotherapy with these venoms in Hymenoptera-venom-allergic patients leads in near to 100% to full protection. Careful analysis of the literature shows however that the specificity of diagnostic tests is far from perfect and that both efficacy and tolerance, especially in patients receiving honeybee venom immunotherapy, are still suboptimal. The major allergens of honeybee and vespid venoms are now available in recombinant form. Preliminary trials analyzing diagnostic tests with recombinant allergens in honeybee venom allergy are promising: the specificity is clearly increased in both skin testing and in determining venom-specific IgE antibodies when compared to natural venom allergens. An important recent finding is the frequent association of severe Hymenoptera venom allergy and elevated basal serum levels of the mast-cell-specific enzyme tryptase. Elevated levels are found in up to 30% of the patients with a history of severe shock reactions following Hymenoptera stings. The current findings indicate that basal tryptase levels indicating an increased mast cell load are much more frequent than previously thought and are a risk factor for severe or even fatal sting reactions. Premedication with antihistamines in the initial phase of venom immunotherapy reduced both local and systemic allergic side effects in several controlled studies. In a retrospective analysis of one of these trials it was found that reexposure during immunotherapy resulted in significantly more systemic allergic reactions in patients on placebo than on antihistamine premedication, suggesting that initial antihistamine premedication might increase the efficacy of venom immunotherapy. Different ways of allergen modification for venom immunotherapy have been proposed. While the results with chemical modifications were not convincing, recent studies with T-cell epitope peptides from the major bee venom allergen phospholipase A(2) look promising. Patient-tailored cocktails of recombinant venom allergens or isoforms thereof may be another possibility in the future. A number of prospective studies analyzing the duration of venom immunotherapy required for long-term protection have been published in the last decade. While most patients are still fully protected 1 year after discontinuation of therapy, relapses may occur in up to 20% of patients reexposed many years after treatment. Various risk factors for such relapses have been identified.
Report of the Committee on Communication in Government (1955)

Journal Article Report of the Committee on Communication in Government Get access Wilhelmina Hill Wilhelmina Hill 1Chairman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Communication, Volume 5, Issue 1, March 1955, Pages 28–29, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1955.tb01095.x Published: 07 February 2006
ReactiveQswitching in a CO<sub>2</sub>multimode-multipass laser oscillator (1970)

Experiments with a CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> -N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> -He multipass laser having a movable-end mirror are described. At constant mirror velocities ranging from 0.5 cm/s to 40.0 cm/s, pulsing was observed with repetition rates between 1-60 kHz and with apparent peak-pulse amplitudes of 10 times the CW output. Measurements were made for various cavity optical path lengths.
Evaluation of <sup>15</sup>N Methods for the measurement of Denitrification in Soils (1994)

Abstract The precision of the 15N-emission and that of the 15N-balance methods was evaluated and both methods were compared in a denitrification experiment. 15N-analysis was performed with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer which was coupled to an elemental analyzer. The measuring sensitivity in soil and gas analysis was tested by analyzing 15N-standards. The detection limit for gas samples with two different procedures of 15N-gas analysis was δ15N = (4.5 ± 1.0)‰ and (0.5 ± 0.05)‰, respectively. The error in measurement was 19% and 12% respectively. 15N-analysis of a 15N-labelled soil (4.15 ppm 15N) resulted in a CV of 1.32%. The measurements had to be calibrated with soil standards because the 15N-values showed a continuous downward fluctuation in a range of 10–20% within several days, when only acetanilid was used for calibration. Mean 15N-losses which were determined with both methods during the denitrification experiment were in good agreement. The precision of the 15N-emission method was adequate in all variants of the experiment. The precision of the 15N-balance method however was unsatisfactory at low 15N-losses (0.2–2% of added 15N).
Automatic, Unstructured Mesh Generation for 2D Shelf Based Tidal Models (2006)

Numeric models use a collection of triangular facets called elements connected over a domain in what is referred to as a mesh or unstructured grid as the computational basis for calculations. The density of elements in a mesh affects the numeric stability of a model when performing computations. Furthermore, these meshes can be difficult and time consuming to create. This thesis describes an automated process of creating meshes which utilizes local truncation analysis to generate a spatially varied size function. An advancing frontal mesh generation algorithm uses this function to optimize node placement and density. Further analysis to better understand appropriate applications of this technique is also presented. The toolbox was able to create efficient meshes with relatively little user input. The final mesh spacing honored the guidelines from the truncation error analysis and resulted in appropriate mesh density. It was also shown that the process could be applied to several shelf based meshes.
Corpus-based Set Expansion with Lexical Features and Distributed Representations (2019)

Corpus-based set expansion refers to mining "sibling" entities of some given seed entities from a corpus. Previous works are limited to using either textual context matching or semantic matching to fulfill this task. Neither matching method takes full advantage of the rich information in free text. We present CaSE, an efficient unsupervised corpus-based set expansion framework that leverages lexical features as well as distributed representations of entities for the set expansion task. Experiments show that CaSE outperforms state-of-the-art set expansion algorithms in terms of expansion accuracy.