gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on the surface antigenicity and susceptibility to antibody-dependent killing of developing schistosomula using sera from chronically infected mice and mice vaccinated with irradiated cercariae. (1982)

Changes in the surface antigenicity and susceptibility to in vitro killing during development of schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni were studied using serum from chronically infected mice (CIS) and from mice vaccinated with highly irradiated (20 krad) cercariae (VS). Binding of these sera was quantitated by counting the number of P388D1 cells (a transformed, macrophage-like cell of mouse origin, bearing Fc receptors for IgG) binding to the parasite surface. Compared with schistosomula derived in vitro by mechanical transformation (MS), schistosomula recovered 3 hr after skin penetration in vitro (SS) showed a significant loss in surface binding of CIS. Schistosomula recovered 3 hr after skin penetration in vivo (SRS) showed even less binding, and this trend continued such that parasites recovered from the lungs 5 days after infection (LS) showed only minimal binding, and 10-day-old worms from the portal system showed no significant binding. In contrast, VS, which bound significantly less well to MS than CIS, showed enhanced binding to SS, and in the face of their declining antigenicity with respect to CIS, 3- to 24-hr SRS maintained this raised level of antigenicity. Although there appeared to be a decline in binding of VS thereafter, LS remained antigenic, still binding as many cells as MS did despite the fact that they also expressed host antigens detected using antisera raised against mouse RBC. In spite of this persistence of VS binding up to the lung stage, resistance to eosinophil-mediated killing in vitro had developed by 48 hr post-infection, and LS were totally resistant to both eosinophil- and C-mediated killing.
Ontology-Oriented Programming for Biomedical Informatics (2016)

Ontologies are now widely used in the biomedical domain. However, it is difficult to manipulate ontologies in a computer program and, consequently, it is not easy to integrate ontologies with databases or websites. Two main approaches have been proposed for accessing ontologies in a computer program: traditional API (Application Programming Interface) and ontology-oriented programming, either static or dynamic. In this paper, we will review these approaches and discuss their appropriateness for biomedical ontologies. We will also present an experience feedback about the integration of an ontology in a computer software during the VIIIP research project. Finally, we will present OwlReady, the solution we developed.
Pyrazine Chemistry. I. Derivatives of 3-Aminopyrazinoic Acid (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPyrazine Chemistry. I. Derivatives of 3-Aminopyrazinoic AcidRudolph C. Ellingson, Robert L. Henry, and Francis G. McDonaldCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1945, 67, 10, 1711–1713Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01226a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01226a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views408Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A NEW QUANTITATIVE ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY FOR FIBRIN DEGRADATION PRODUCTS (FbDP) IN PLASMA, BASED ON MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES (1987)

We have developed a sandwich-type enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the quantitation of fibrin degradation products (FbDP) in plasma with a time-to-result of only 45 minutes. The assay is based on the combination of the specificities of two monoclonal antibodies (FDP-14 and DD-13), developed in our institute. FDP-14, the catching antibody, binds both fibrinogen degradation products (FbgDP) and FbDP. It has its epitope in the E-domain of the fibrinogen molecule on the BB-chain between amino acids 54-118 (Blood 68, 437, 1986). Antibody DD-13 was raised using D-dimer as antigen and was used as a tagging antibody, conjugated with horse-radish peroxidase. A strong positive reaction is obtained with a whole blood clot lysate (lysis induced by tissue-type plasminogen activator) which is used as a standard. The EIA does not detect FbgDP i.e. purified fragments X, Y, D:E complexes or FbgDP in plasma treated in vitro with streptokinase. This indicates that the assay is specific for fibrin degradation products. We have successfully applied this assay to the plasma of patients with a variety of diseases. In combination with the assays previously developed by us for FbgDP (Thromb. Haemostas. 1987, in press) and for the total amount (TDP) of FbgDP + FbDP in plasma (J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1987, in press), we are now able to study the composition of TDP in terms of FbgDP and FbDP in patients.
Remarks on Anti-RFI Fences (1981)

In anti-RFI applications such as shielding two radars from one another, the protection obtained from a fence may be significantly less than the diffraction loss introduced by the fence. The effect can be alleviated by using an inner and an outer fence. This tandem design is also advantageous for anticlutter fences, because a given diffraction loss can be obtained with smaller and less costly structures. If the diffraction loss is to be augmented by an edge treatment, the tandem design makes possible the equivalent of stagger tuning.
Inhibition of vascularization in rabbit corneas by heparin: cortisone pellets. (1986)

The purpose of this work was to study the effectiveness of heparin plus cortisone, and of cortisone alone in control of corneal vascularization in rabbit eyes. Corneal vascularization was induced by de-epithelialization of the cornea and limbus and part of the bulbar conjunctiva with concurrent trephination and excision of a central 2-mm diameter corneal button. Inhibition of vascularization by polymer pellets impregnated with heparin (Panheprin, Abbott Laboratories; Chicago, IL) and cortisone, or neither drug was studied by implanting the pellets into the eyes at the time of injury and following the eye clinically and histologically. Wounded corneas with empty pellets developed vascularization extending from the limbus to the central cornea within 3 wk (n = 10). In other wounded eyes, heparin:cortisone pellets prevented vascularization (n = 10) while cortisone pellets slowed, but did not totally inhibit vascularization (n = 6). In other eyes, clear autografts were transplanted into vascularized eyes; and the ability of the drug-impregnated pellets to inhibit grafts vascularization was evaluated. In eyes with heparin:cortisone pellets inserted into the donor button at the time of keratoplasty, the autografts remained clear for at least 6 wk (n = 10) but subsequently vascularized if the sutures were not removed, while cortisone pellets slowed but did not block vascularization (n = 6). If heparin:cortisone pellets were inserted into the vascularized host tissue, rather than into the donor button, vascularization of the graft occurred (n = 6). Thus, heparin (Panheprin, Abbott Laboratories; Chicago IL) plus cortisone inhibited vascularization in rabbit cornea in the models studied: The effect of other commercially available heparins remains to be studied.
Application Of A Dual Satellite Geolocation System On Locating Sweeping Interference (2012)

This paper describes an application of a dual satellite geolocation (DSG) system on identifying and locating the unknown source of uplink sweeping interference. The geolocation system integrates the method of joint time difference of arrival (TDOA) and frequency difference of arrival (FDOA) with ephemeris correction technique which successfully demonstrated high accuracy in interference source location. The factors affecting the location error were also discussed.
High-force high-strain wide-bandwidth linear actuator using the magnetostrictive material Terfenol-D (1992)

High force, high strain, wide bandwidth linear actuators are now available driven by the new class of `giant' magnetostrictive material called Terfenol-D. Performance data are reported which allow evaluation of several actuator designs. Strokes over 100 (mu) , clamped forces to 1700 N, and a frequency range of dc to over 3 KHz are available from small actuators. Fundamental principles of linear actuator design based on Terfenol-D drive are discussed, along with Terfenol-D characteristics which can be altered to affect actuator performance. Terfenol-D piezomagnetic constants which adapt to external variables, along with the self sensing capabilities of Terfenol-D actuators, will allow development of advanced control capabilities, or smart actuators.
Salient object detection with adversarial training (2019)

The generative adversarial network has been shown to produce state‐of‐the‐art results of image generation. In this study, the authors propose a novel adversarial training method to train salient object detection (SOD) models. They train a convolutional SOD network along with a gated adversarial network that discriminates salient maps coming either from the ground truth or from the SOD network. The motivation for our approach is that the adversarial network can detect and correct pixel‐wise errors between ground truth salient detection maps and the ones produced by the convolutional network. Our experiments show that the adversarial training approach leads to state‐of‐the‐art performance on MSRA‐B, extended complex scene saliency dataset, HKU‐IS, DUT, and SOD dataset.
Some Combinatorial Lemmas in Topology (1960)

For many years it has been known that a combinatorial result, called the Sperner Lemma, provides an elegant proof of the Brouwer Fixed Point Theorem. Although the proof is elementary, its complete formal exposition depends upon the somewhat complicated operation of subdividing a simplex. Also, the proof does not show whether the Sperner Lemma can be derived from the Brouwer Fixed Point Theorem. This central result of this paper is a combinatorial proposition, analogous to the Sperner Lemma, and applying to the n-cube, for which subdivision is a trivial operation. This Cubical Sperner Lemma follows immediately from the Brouwer Fixed Point Theorem and thus opens the possibility of other applications of topology to combinatorial problems. The question of such a topological proof is raised for another cubical analogue of the Sperner Lemma, due to Ky Fan, and for the Tucker Lemma, which is related to the antipodal point theorems. The Cubical Sperner Lemma of this paper implies the Tucker Lemma in 2-dimensions; this suggests that other connections joining these combinatorial results remain to be discovered.
Mechanical Degradation Onset of Polyethylene Oxide Used as a Hydrosoluble Model Polymer for Enhanced Oil Recovery (2012)

Water soluble polymers such as polyacrylamide are used in polymer flooding, which is an advanced technique of Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR). It aims at improving crude oil displacement in reservoir by pushing it with a viscous injected fluid. Polymer flood is challenged by mechanical degradation of long macromolecules during intense flows. Many studies reported that above a critical extensional rate , polymer chains can break and lose their rheological properties. The molecular weight (M) dependence of for dilute solutions in laminar flows was shown to follow a power law: ≈ <i>M<sub>w<sub/><sup>–k<sup/><i/>. An experimental study has been performed to investigate the onset of mechanical degradation in both laminar and turbulent flows and for both dilute and semi dilute polyethylene oxide aqueous solutions. It reveals that the exponent k strongly depends on the concentration and flow regimes and also on solvent quality. Results show that mechanical degradation mainly affects long chains, that it is favoured at high concentrations, under poor solvent conditions. They also evidence that the extensional viscosity at low strain rates decreases to the same extent as shear viscosities due to mechanical degradation. However, the decrease of the extensional viscous properties at high strain rates is much more pronounced.
Antifungal Activity of Leaf and Stem Extracts from Various Plant Species on the Incidence of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides of Papaya and Mango Fruit After Storage (2002)

"Aqueous extracts of leaves and stems of Achras sapota, Annona reticulata, Bromelia hemisphaerica, Carica papaya, Citrus limon, Chrysophylum cainito, Dyospiros ebenaster, Mangifera indica, Persea americana, Pouteria sapota, Spondias purpurea, and Tamarindus indicus from the state of Morelos, Mexico were tested for their antifungal activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in in vitro and in vivo experiments. Papaya and mango fruit were dipped in extracts, inoculated with C. gloeosporioides, and stored for seven days at room temperature to evaluate percentage infection and severity, solid solubles concentration (SSC), and fruit mass loss. Differences were found between the inhibitory effects in vitro and in vivo. Leaf extracts from C. limon and P. americana totally inhibited growth of C. gloeosporioides in vitro. Leaf extracts of C. papaya completely inhibited postharvest rots of papaya, while leaf and stem extracts of D. ebenaster had an adequate fungicidal effect when applied to mango. Infection severity of papaya ranged from 0 to 50% of the fruit surface, while in mango only 25% of the surface was affected. Overall, infection severity was reduced for both papaya and mango when dipped in extracts. SSC and fruit mass loss varied among plant extracts; however, extracts did not affect fruit quality during storage. "
Islet Cell DNA Is a Target of Inflammatory Attack by Nitric Oxide (1993)

NO has been identified recently as the prime islet-toxic product of inflammatory macrophages. The adverse effects of IL-1 on isolated islets also have been reported to involve NO. We now show that exposure of an islet cell suspension to the NO donor nitroprusside or to activated macrophages leads to DNA strand breaks. Macrophages did not induce DNA damage in the presence of the NO synthase inhibitor NG-methyl-L-arginine. DNA strand breaks were demonstrated at the level of single cells by a modified nick-translation procedure and confirmed by analysis of DNA fragmentation by gel electrophoresis. DNA strand breaks occurred within 1 h and preceded islet cell lysis. DNA damage could not be prevented by inhibitors of endogenous endonucleases. We conclude that islet cell DNA is an early target of NO action.
Tempering behaviour of TiB2 coatings (1998)

The compound TiB 2 has been proposed as a wear resistant coating for tools because of its high hardness, but for practical applications it is also necessary to know its thermal and oxidation behaviour. For this reason in the present investigation TiB 2 coatings were magnetron sputtered on to two different steel substrates and annealed in vacuum or air up to 800°C. After deposition the TiB 2 coatings were nanocrystalline with a crystallite size ranging from 15 to 30 nm. The coatings deposited at low bias voltage showed a strong [001] fibre texture. With increasing bias the grain size decreased and the strong texture was lost. These structural modifications influenced the layer hardness, which decreased from about 30 to about 25 GPa at - 200 V bias, even though these lower hardness layers had higher residual compressive stresses. The oxidation of TiB 2 started at 600°C. At this temperature the formation of TiO x was detectable. Moreover, the coating strength was overcome and a characteristic crack pattern was generated. This temperature therefore limits the practical application of TiB 2 coatings.
Effects of Calcium Channel Blockade on Cardiac Repercussions of Long-Standing Hypertension (1988)

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a common sequela of long-standing hypertension. However, LVH can no longer be considered as an adaptive process serving to normalize wall stress. The occurrence of LVH in a given patient significantly increases the risk of sudden death, myocardial ischemia, congestive heart failure, and other cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Patients with LVH often exhibit increased ventricular ectopic activity, myocardial ischemia, and diminished ventricular compliance even in the absence of coronary artery disease. LVH has been shown to regress in parallel with arterial pressure when specific antihypertensive agents are given. Recent evidence indicates that calcium channel blockers cannot only lower pressure and reduce LVH but will suppress ectopic impulse generation, improve ventricular compliance, and alleviate myocardial ischemia in susceptible patients as well. However, whether such a promising therapeutic approach will ultimately diminish the risk of the well-documented increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with LVH remains to be documented.
Urinary Calculi: Radiation Dose Reduction of 50% and 75% at CT—Effect on Sensitivity (2009)

There were no significant differences between the 100% examinations and the 50% and 25% examinations for the detection of calculi greater than 3 mm.
An adaptive algorithm for electromagnetic imaging (1996)

Various iterative techniques have been elaborated recently to treat the ill-conditioned matrix equations in the inverse scattering problems relative to the electromagnetic imaging of dielectric objects. An adaptive algorithm is proposed, in which the performance of different prediction-correction techniques are compared within the iterative process in order to determine the more appropriate one for subsequent iterations. The procedure is flexible in the sense that it can incorporate various available techniques and is able to deal with a wider range of objects than existing methods. Two test examples are presented and the results are briefly discussed.
An exact analysis of Class-E power amplifiers for RF communications (2004)

An exact analytical approach to the design of a Class-E high frequency power amplifier is presented. The analysis will optimize the load network parameters at the output of the switching transistor, while accounting for harmonics injected into the circuit from the choke inductor, finite quality factor of the output load network, and an exponential decay of the drain/collector current during OFF state. Calculated power performances in terms of efficiency and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) as a function of decay angle and finite choke inductance are presented.
Taiwan, Republic of China (1980)

In an effort to decrease Taiwan's population growth rate from 1.9 per 1000, to 1.25 per 1000 in 1989, the Taiwanese government has increased the 1980 family planning budget 15%. Several changes in population related policy such as broadening legal categories for induced abortion are being reviewed by the Ministry of Judicial Administration, and the Taiwan Congress. However, due to increases in the number of young women of childbearing age, and the desired number of children in the typical Chinese family, reaching the 1.25 per 1000 goal may be difficult. IUDs have been used by 70% of married women of childbearing age at some time and have been obtained both within and from outside of the national family planning program. Tables show the lower ages of acceptors for the pill, the IUD, and condoms. It is estimated that the program has reached about 84% of Taiwanese eligible couples and that nearly 70% of couples with the wife between the ages of 20-39 are practicing birth control. This level is comparable with that of developed countries. The budget for population education has been increased 35% from 1977. Various groups of young people are targeted for education. The family planning program conducts a wide variety of evaluative and experimental research, following up on acceptors, making knowledge/attitude/perception surveys of newlyweds and noting directions of change in family size preference.
A performance analysis of EtherCAT and PROFINET IRT (2008)

Ethernet is emerging as the preferred industrial communication platform upon which a multitude of protocols and solutions specially targeted at industrial communication requirements have been developed. This paper concentrates on a set of protocols popularly referred to as the Real-time Ethernet protocols and analyses two key technologies, namely PROFINET IRT and EtherCAT. The real-time performance characteristics of PROFINET IRT and EtherCAT is compared by looking into what factors affect their performance in a set of realistic scenarios. The goal is to provide a scientifically solid study on this subject where many presentations are seriously flawed by basic mistakes, misunderstandings or biased views. The detailed analysis presented here shows that EtherCAT has a performance advantage over PROFINET IRT and the reasons for this are discussed.
The Chronic Fatigue Syndrome — One Entity or Many? (1988)

Fatigue may be a normal consequence of intensive physical exertion or mental effort, or it may be symptomatic of a variety of specific illnesses. Because of its largely subjective nature, it may be difficult to define and quantitate. To the muscle physiologist, fatigue represents a failure to sustain the expected or required muscular force. Such a failure may represent an impairment at any site in the long chain from cerebral cortex to spinal cord to peripheral nerve to neuromuscular junction to muscle-cell membrane to release of intracellular calcium ion to actin–myosin cross-bridge formation.1 Thus, fatigue can be considered central in . . .
Subpopulation Analysis of Heteroresistance to Fluoroquinolone in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Beijing, China (2012)

The presence of heteroresistance was represented by 23% of 235 fluoroquinolone (FQ)-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Beijing, China, from 2008 to 2010. The main mechanism of FQ heteroresistance is due to the segregation of a single M. tuberculosis strain in patients; the majority of isolates with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis contained a mixture of bacterial subpopulations consisting of various mutant types, suggesting that the improper use of FQ is the major cause of FQ resistance.
A Bench Test for the Evaluation of Silver-Steel Lubrication Properties of Railroad Diesel Oils (1969)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A pin and disc machine has been modified for the evaluation of silver-steel lubrication characteristics of railroad diesel oils. Use of silver pins on polished steel discs at selected loads and rubbing speeds allows good correlation with known engine behavior. In comparison with wear and friction data obtained by the four ball method, this pin and disc test gives better correlation with engine tests than the Modified Four Ball Test.</div>