gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Eurofighter and infections (2003)

It is said that no one can fly the Eurofighter; it is designed to be unstable and to have control surfaces managed by computer. That way it is more manoeuvrable and quicker to respond to challenge. To some extent, it's the same with B‐cells.

Despite realizing that genetic change happens much faster than we thought (around 5% of our genome is composed of segmental duplications that have arisen in the last 35 million years),1 we know that new proteins have appeared over evolutionary time by mutation and selection, and generally have become established rather slowly (despite Stephen Jay Gould and punctuated equilibrium). But the genes that produce antibodies are like the Eurofighter—basically unstable.

The initial response to infection (or immunization) is to produce a wide range of antibodies of low affinity. These have their origins in the early differentiation of B‐cells, where genetic re‐arrangement of basic antibody‐producing genes occurs. You will …
K band two λ/2 resonators micromachined filter design (2004)

This paper describes a micromachined 2-layer structure bandpass filter design at K band. This two-layer structure with ground plane on the upper wafer and solid substrate supporting the circuit is much stronger and much easier to be fabricated on GaAs substrate compared with 3-layer membrane structure. The microwave performances of the filter show less than 1dB insertion loss and good enough stop band rejection for RFID application.
Stability of ranitidine hydrochloride with ondansetron hydrochloride or fluconazole during simulated Y-site administration (1994)

Journal Article Stability of ranitidine hydrochloride with ondansetron hydrochloride or fluconazole during simulated Y-site administration Get access Frank M. Pompilio, Pharm.D., Frank M. Pompilio, Pharm.D. Assistant Professor of Clinical Pharmacy Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Janet L. Fox, Pharm.D., Janet L. Fox, Pharm.D. Associate Director Glaxo Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kazuhiro Inagaki, Ph.D., Kazuhiro Inagaki, Ph.D. Instructor Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; at the time this study was conducted, Dr. Inagaki was Visiting Instructor, School of Pharmacy, USC Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Jin-Pil Burm, Ph.D., Jin-Pil Burm, Ph.D. Visiting Associate Professor of Pharmacy Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, USC Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Stanford Jhee, Ph.D., Stanford Jhee, Ph.D. Fellow in Infectious Disease Pharmacotherapy School of Pharmacy, USC Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mark A. Gill, Pharm.D., FASHP, FCCP Mark A. Gill, Pharm.D., FASHP, FCCP Associate Professor of Clinical Pharmacy, Vice Chair Department of Clinical Pharmacy, and Director, Laboratory for Clinical Pharmacy Research, USC Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, Volume 51, Issue 3, 1 February 1994, Pages 391–394, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/51.3.391 Published: 01 February 1994
SYMPOSIUM: Immobilized Enzymes in Food Systems (1974)

ABSTRACTS Immobilized multienzymic systems are responsible for the high efficiency of many physiological reaction sequences carried out in living cells. Chemical and physical means for artificially immobilizing enzymes presents the opportunity for duplicating this efficiency for use in processing operations. Such artificially immobilized enzymes also serve as useful model systems for studying the properties of physiological multi‐enzymic sequences. Factors characteristic of the immobilized multi‐enzymic state are described. Comparisons are made between immobilized multi‐ and single‐enzyme systems and between immobilized and soluble multi‐enzymic ones.
Mechanism of action of cholera toxin and the mobile receptor theory of hormone receptor-adenylate cyclase interactions. (1975)

Rat liver membrane adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1) that has been stimulated more than 10-fold by cholera toxin (choleragen) has a 3-fold greater sensitivity to stimulation by glucagon. Choleragen similarly increases the sensitivity of cyclase to other peptide (ACTH, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide) and nonpeptide (catecholamines) hormones in this and other tissues. The rate of 125I-labeled glucagon-membrane dissociation is decreased about 2-fold in toxin-treated liver membranes. Toxin-activated cyclase activity of fat cell membranes is retained upon solubilization with Lubrol PX. Provided 125I-labeled choleragen is first incubated with cells under conditions resulting in enzyme activation, the solubilized cyclase activity migrates with a component of 125I-labeled choleragen on gel filtration chromatography. Agarose derivatives containing the "active" subunit (molecular weight 36,000) of the toxin can specifically adsorb solubilized adenylate cyclase. Toxin-stimulated cyclase can be immunoprecipitated with antitoxin or anti-"active" subunit antibodies. There is a large excess of membrane receptors (ganglioside GM1) which, with the use of choleragenoid, can be shown to be functionally equivalent with respect to cyclase activation. Choleragenoid, an inactive competitive antagonist of toxin binding, can occupy and block a large proportion of toxin receptors without affecting toxin activity. A scheme of toxin action is proposed that involves lateral membrane diffusion of the initially inactive toxin-receptor complex with subsequent direct interaction with and modulation of adenylate cyclase. The basic features of this scheme may be pertinent to the mechanisms by which hormone receptors normally modulate adenylate cyclase.
Structural and rheological properties of medium‐chain triacylglyceride oleogels (2020)

Summary This research studied the effect of gelator molecules on structural properties of oleogels containing medium‐chain triacylglycerides (MCTs). To this aim, a large selection of gelators (rapeseed wax RAW, rice wax RW, sunflower wax SW, beeswax BW, monoglycerides MG, and γ‐oryzanol and β‐sitosterol mixture γ+β) at increasing concentrations (5–15% w/w) was considered. Results showed that RAW was not able to structure MCT at any concentration. However, addition of 5% (w/w) of MG, SW and BW resulted to a self‐standing gel. Regarding γ+β and RW, gel structures were generated at 10% (w/w). By increasing the concentration, a reinforcement of the network strength was highlighted by the progressive increase of the rheological parameters. The strongest oleogel obtained by γ+β at 10% (w/w) and further BW and RW at 15% (w/w) concentration. These findings could provide interesting information in the choice of the best performing MCT structuring agent for intended food applications.
Transposable resistance to trimethoprim and 0/129 in <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> (1986)

Journal Article Transposable resistance to trimethoprim and 0/129 in Vibrio cholerae Get access Fred Goldstein, Fred Goldstein aService de Microbiologie Médicale, Hôpital St. Joseph7, rue Pierre Larousse, 75014 Paris Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Guy Gerbaud, Guy Gerbaud bUnité des Agents Antibactériens, U.A. CNRS 271, Institut Pasteur75724 Paris Cedex 15, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Patrice Courvalin Patrice Courvalin * bUnité des Agents Antibactériens, U.A. CNRS 271, Institut Pasteur75724 Paris Cedex 15, France * P.Courvalin, Unité des Agents Antibactériens, Institut Pasteur, 28, rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 17, Issue 5, May 1986, Pages 559–569, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/17.5.559 Published: 01 May 1986 Article history Accepted: 06 November 1985 Published: 01 May 1986
Proteolytic Enzyme Levels Are Increased During Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor-Induced Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization in Human Donors but Do Not Predict the Number of Mobilized Stem Cells (2002)

Previous studies from our laboratory indicate that functional, mature neutrophils are essential for interleukin-8 (IL-8)-induced stem cell mobilization. To study a possible role of neutrophils in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) induced hematopoietic mobilization, we assessed the number of circulating CD34+ cells in healthy allogeneic stem cell donors on days 3, 4, and 5 of mobilization for comparison with the number of peripheral blood neutrophils and the plasma levels of IL-8, Flt3 ligand (FL), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and human neutrophil elastase (HNE). Thirty-seven of 45 donors required 1 day of apheresis to obtain 5 x 10(6) CD34+/kg recipient body weight (high responders), the remaining 8 donors required 1 extra day of apheresis on day 6 (low responders). On day 5, CD34+ numbers in the blood were significantly highe in high responders (116 x 10(3) +/- 10.4/ml) than in low responders (54.1 x 10(3) +/- 10.3, p < 0.001). In all donors, MMP-9 and HNE levels were increased compared to nonmobilized individuals, but in high responders, plasma MMP-9 levels on days 3-5 of mobilization were substantially higher than in low responders (p < or = 0.02 for MMP-9 and p = 0.89, p = 0.05 and p = 0.52 for HNE on days 3, 4, and 5, respectively). These results are in accordance with the hypothesis that neutrophils play a role in G-CSF-induced mobilization through the release of proteases such as MMP-9 and elastase. No change in plasma levels of IL-8 or Flt3 ligand was observed, suggesting that these cytokines do not play a role in stem cell mobilization. However, because stem cell numbers could not be predicted by proteolytic enzyme levels and/or neutrophil numbers, other undefined factors may be more important.
The calcium-sensing receptor is required for normal calcium homeostasis independent of parathyroid hormone (2003)

Nonstandard abbreviations used: calcium-sensing receptor (CaR); extracellular calcium (Ca 2+ o); parathyroid hormone (PTH); familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH); neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism (NSHPT); fractional excretion of calcium (FECa); calcium transporter type 1 (CaT1); calcium transporter type 2 (CaT2/ECaC); bone mineral density (BMD); tartrateresistant acid phosphatase (TRAP); mineral apposition rate (MAR); bone formation rate (BFR).
Update in childhood acute myeloid leukemia: recent developments in the molecular basis of disease and novel therapies (2003)

Childhood acute myeloid leukemia is a heterogeneous group of disorders that remains challenging to treat. There are multiple common genetic alterations in childhood acute myeloid leukemia. These include chromosomal translocations affecting RUNX1-CBFbeta, RARalpha, and MLL. There are known activating mutations in the genes for the receptor tyrosine kinases FLT3, KIT, and FMS. As these abnormalities are better understood, they are providing important insights into the pathogenesis of disease as well as information about prognosis. Although intensive chemotherapy remains the mainstay of acute myeloid leukemia therapy, long-term cure rates with chemotherapy alone remain approximately 50%, creating an urgent need for better therapies. Multiple avenues are being explored in the design of new treatments for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Targeted therapies include targeted antibody therapy; inhibitors of FLT3, KIT, and farnesyltransferase; diphtheria toxin conjugated to the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; and antisense oligonucleotides. Another area of interest is chromatin remodeling and differentiation therapy, including agents such as all- retinoic acid, arsenic trioxide, and inhibitors of DNA methylation and histone deacetylation. There are also ongoing trials of antiangiogenesis agents. Another avenue for novel therapies is immunotherapy with agents such as interleukin-2 and tumor vaccines. This article reviews recent advances in understanding of the molecular basis for childhood acute myeloid leukemia and the design of novel therapies for the treatment of childhood acute myeloid leukemia.
Preliminary description of models affecting transient fuel-rod-performance prediction in the BEHAVE-3, DEFORM-2, and LIFE-3 codes. [LMFBR] (1975)

Summary descriptions are presented for the BEHAVE-3, DEFORM-2, and LIFE-3 computer programs. These descriptions are regarded as preliminary, since the features to be described and the details of each model are still under review. However, these data are presented to assist in planning transient fuel performance code development work for FY-76.
Measuring Damages in Survival Actions for Tortious Death (1971)

Survival statutes have been adopted to avoid the effect of common law rules preventing claims for the tortious death of a human being. These statutes give the personal representative such causes of action on behalf of the decedent's estate as the decedent would have had were he still alive. The question the statutes do not answer, however, is the effect of the death of a party on the measure of damages. The Washington Supreme Court's decision in Warner v. McCaughan illustrates the problem. Warner arose out of the death of a twenty-one year old college student. Alleging that the death was caused by improper diagnosis and care and by administration of unsafe drugs, her parents, individually, and her father, as administrator of her estate, brought suit for damages against the doctor, hospital, and pharmaceutical company on the grounds of negligence and breach of warranty. The parents' individual claims were dismissed because the parents were not dependents of the decedent, but the estate's claim was entertained. One of the items of damage claimed by the estate was "disability in consequence of a medical condition" caused by the defendants' tortious acts and resulting in the decedent's death. This claim presented the major issue of the case: whether the prohibition in the general survival statute against recovery for pain and suffering7 prohibited recovery for the decedent's "disability." The court rejected the defendants' argument that the statutory prohibition meant that all claims personal to the decedent abated with her death8 and held that the statute allows "the broad common-law claim for personal injury," except for pain and suffering. The principal question remaining, which the Warner court did not fully answer, is how these damages for physical injury are to be measured in a tortious death case. The purpose of this article is to discuss the factors relevant to the damages issue and to suggest appropriate standards for measuring them.
Trasformazione Neoplastica Delle Cisti Cutanee: Incidenza, Aspetto Morfologico, Patogenesi, Contributo Casistico (1953)

RiassuntoSopra 110 cisti cutanee di vario tipo (epidermoidi, dermoidi, siringeali) asportate, gli AA. hanno osservato cinque casi di cisti cancerizzate: due a tipo di cisti epidermoidi con carcinoma spinocellulare, uno a tipo di cisti dermoide con carcinoma spinocellulare, uno a tipo di cisti multiple epidermoidi con cancerizzazione pleimorfa (spinocellulare, basocellulare, cilindromatosa, adenocistocarcinomatosa papillifera, pseudoperiteliomatosa) uno a tipo di cisti siringeale con cancerizzazione (a scarsa malignità) a cellule piatte.Riportano i casi di cisti cancerizzate riferite dalla letteratura, discutono la frequenza (4-5%), e la patogenesi della cancerizzazione, prospettando la eventualità più probabile (ristagno di colesterina e formazione di composti cancerogeni) e meno probabile (azione degli ultravioletti più penetranti dei raggi solari) quest'ultima per le cisti molto superficiali (ipotesi discussa per un loro caso, nel quale era presente oltre alla cancerizzazione della cisti anche quella degli strati più profondi della cute sovrastante).Mettono in rilievo i caratteri peculiari del caso a cancerizzazione pleiomorfa, annotando la genesi formale delle aree cilindromatose.In nessuno dei 5 casi personali si ebbero metastasi (3 di essi sono stati operati da meno di due anni, uno da 5, l'altro da 15 anni).
Une architecture multi-agents pour des sessions d'apprentissage Collaboratif (2002)

Les actes peuvent être commandés à l'adresse suivante : http://tice2002.insa-lyon.fr/fr/sommaire.html
Material and Device Characteristics of Metamorphic <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">${\rm In}_{0.53}{\rm Ga}_{0.47}{\rm As}$</tex></formula> MOSHEMTs Grown on GaAs and Si Substrates by MOCVD (2013)

We report a comparison of material and device characteristics of metamorphic In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.53</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.47</sub> As channel metal-oxide-semiconductor high-electron mobility transistors (MOSHEMTs) grown on GaAs and Si substrates by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. A gate-last process was developed to simplify the fabrication of nanoscale channel length devices. Selective source/drain regrowth was incorporated to reduce parasitic resistances. Post-metallization annealing (PMA) was utilized to mitigate the weakened gate electrostatic control in the buried channel. The effect of PMA on the Ti/Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> gate-stack was investigated in detail. Record-low ON-state resistance of 132 and 129 Ω·μm has been achieved in enhancement-mode InGaAs MOSHEMT on GaAs and on Si substrate, respectively. A 120-nm channel length device on GaAs exhibited a figure of merit Q(g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> /SS) of 12, whereas a 60-nm channel length In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.53</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.47</sub> As MOSHEMT on Si demonstrated Q up to 14.
Theoretical Framework III: Biological Membrane Permeation (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Overall Scheme General Permeation Equation Permeation Rate Constant, Permeation Clearance, and Permeability Intestinal Tube Flatness and Permeation Parameters Effective Concentration for Intestinal Membrane Permeability Surface Area Expansion by Plicate and Villi Unstirred Water Layer Permeability Epithelial Membrane Permeability (Passive Processes) Enteric Cell Model Gut Wall Metabolism Hepatic Metabolism and Excretion References
Membranal tyrosine protein kinase activity (but not cAMP‐dependent protein kinase activity) is associated with growth of rat mammary tumors (1985)

DMBA induced rat mammary tumors were used to study the association of tyrosine protein kinase activity with tumor growth. Pharmacological manipulations of blood prolactin level, by perphenazine and bromocriptine, were used to stimulate or arrest tumor growth, respectively. During perphenazine treatment, a 2-3-fold increase in membranal tyrosine protein kinase activity, measured with angiotensin II as substrate, preceded the 3-4-fold increase in tumor area. At the same time the cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity, measured with kemptide as substrate, did not change.
Stimuli-Responsive Polymers in Nanotechnology: Deposition and Possible Effect on Drug Release (2008)

Stimuli-responsive polymers result in on-demand regulation of properties and functioning of various nanoscale systems. In particular, they allow stimuli-responsive control of flow rates through membranes and nanofluidic devices with submicron channel sizes. They also allow regulation of drug release from nanoparticles and nanofibers in response to temperature or pH variation in the surrounding medium. In the present work two relevant mathematical models are introduced to address precipitation-driven deposition of surface layers of stimuli-responsive polymers and describe a possible effect of swelling-shrinkage transition of such polymers on drug release.
Fetal and maternal lactate increase during active second stage of labour (2001)

Maternal and fetal lactate concentrations increase significantly with duration of the active second stage of labour, more rapidly in the mother. It is likely that fetal anaerobic metabolism is the main source for the fetal lactate increase.
Natural killer cell activity in long term survivors of testicular cancer. Influence of cytostatic therapy and initial stage of disease (1995)

Cytostatic chemotherapy in patients with testicular cancer did not lead to compromised lytic effector cell function as assessed by NK cell activity and ADCC. However, a short, time-dependent reduction was found that also depended on the intensity of chemotherapeutic treatment. This finding related to the observation of a long-lasting stimulus of NK cell activity by initial metastases in patients with NSGCTs.
Methyl esters directlyfrom acidulated soapstock (1959)

Summary A method has been developed for utilizing low‐cost acidulated refinery soapstock directly as raw material for producing the mixed methyl esters of cottonseed oil fatty acids. The conditions determined as optimum for producing the esters were as follows: temperature, 110°C. to 120°C.; pressure, 150 p.s.i.g.; reaction time, 10 to 15 min.; catalyst, acidic, proportioned as 3% to 5% of the fatty acids of the foots; and ratio of reactants, 5 moles of methanol to 1 of fatty acids. Processing acidulated foots containing 12.4% of neutral oil at the foregoing conditions resulted in esterifying 83% to 86% of the fatty acids. Reprocessing the same material after dehydrating it and restoring the initial methanol to fatty acids ratio increased the percentage of fatty acids esterified by about 5%.
Protracted febrile myalgia of familial Mediterranean fever: Mutation analysis and clinical correlations (2000)

Protracted febrile myalgia (PFM) is a rare form of vasculitic disease that affects patients with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). Mutation analysis performed in 15 patients who suffered from this disorder showed that 9 of the 15 patients were homozygous for M694V. FMF in these 9 patients was associated with more severe symptoms compared to a group of 30 M694V homozygous FMF patients without PFM.
Fate of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 provirus in infected cells: a role for vpr (1995)

We investigated the fate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral DNA in infected peripheral blood lymphocytes and immortalized T-cell lines by using a replication-defective HIV-1. We observed that integrated HIV-1 DNA and viral gene expression decrease over time. A frameshift mutation in vpr resulted in maintenance of the HIV-1 provirus and stable persistence of viral expression. Transfection of vpr together with the neomycin resistance gene in the absence of other viral genes decreased the formation of geneticin-resistant colonies, indicating either a cytotoxic or a cytostatic effect upon cells. Therefore, maintenance of HIV-1 infection within an infected proliferating population is due to two competing processes, the rate of viral spread and the degree of cell growth inhibition and/or death induced by Vpr.