gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two structurally distinct and independently regulated idiotypic families associated with the A/J response to azophenylarsonate (1981)

At least two distinct subpopulations of A/J anti-azophenylarsonate (Ars) antibodies can be defined on the basis of serological cross-reactivity and sequence homology of heavy and light chains. The most frequently occurring idiotype family, IdCR, was initially identified by a rabbit antiserum and is present only in A/J mice. Examination of several randomly selected hybridoma proteins which failed to express IdCR-associated determinants revealed a second set of closely related molecules. The second idiotype family, Id36-60, is recognized by a rabbit antiserum prepared against the hybridoma protein 36-60. It is present in practically all A/J and BALB/c, but not B10. A Ars immune sera. On average, A/J immune sera contain approximately one-fifth as much Id36-60 as IdCR. A/J mice can be suppressed for subsequent expression of either idiotype by neonatal injection of anti-IdCR or anti-Id36-60 antisera. Suppression of IdCR does not affect the production of Id36-60 and vice versa. Together, these idiotype systems provide two independent markers for monitoring network regulation of the anti-Ars antibody response in A/J mice.
Small Interfering RNA-mediated Silencing Induces Target-dependent Assembly of GW/P Bodies (2007)

Gene silencing using small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a valuable laboratory tool and a promising approach to therapeutics for a variety of human diseases. Recently, RNA interference (RNAi) has been linked to cytoplasmic GW bodies (GWB). However, the correlation between RNAi and the formation of GWB, also known as mammalian processing bodies, remains unclear. In this report, we show that transfection of functional siRNA induced larger and greater numbers of GWB. This siRNA-induced increase of GWB depended on the endogenous expression of the target mRNA. Knockdown of GW182 or Ago2 demonstrated that the siRNA-induced increase of GWB required these two proteins and correlated with RNAi. Furthermore, knockdown of rck/p54 or LSm1 did not prevent the reassembly of GWB that were induced by and correlated with siRNA-mediated RNA silencing. We propose that RNAi is a key regulatory mechanism for the assembly of GWB, and in some cases, GWB may serve as markers for RNAi in mammalian cells.
Über Steroide und Sexualhormone. 209. (vorläufige) Mitteilung. Einführung einer Sauerstoffunktion an die quaternäre Methyl‐Gruppe C‐18 im intakten Steroid‐Gerüst (1959)

Abstract The degradation of the Holarrhena alkaloid conessine (V) to 18‐hydroxy‐progesterone (Xa, resp. Xb) is described.
Extrathymic T Cell Deletion and Allogeneic Stem Cell Engraftment Induced with Costimulatory Blockade Is Followed by Central T Cell Tolerance (1998)

A reliable, nontoxic method of inducing transplantation tolerance is needed to overcome the problems of chronic organ graft rejection and immunosuppression-related toxicity. Treatment of mice with single injections of an anti-CD40 ligand antibody and CTLA4Ig, a low dose (3 Gy) of whole body irradiation, plus fully major histocompatibility complex-mismatched allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) reliably induced high levels (>40%) of stable (>8 mo) multilineage donor hematopoiesis. Chimeric mice permanently accepted donor skin grafts (>100 d), and rapidly rejected third party grafts. Progressive deletion of donor-reactive host T cells occurred among peripheral CD4(+) lymphocytes, beginning as early as 1 wk after bone marrow transplantation. Early deletion of peripheral donor-reactive host CD4 cells also occurred in thymectomized, similarly treated marrow recipients, demonstrating a role for peripheral clonal deletion of donor-reactive T cells after allogeneic BMT in the presence of costimulatory blockade. Central intrathymic deletion of newly developing T cells ensued after donor stem cell engraftment had occurred. Thus, we have shown that high levels of chimerism and systemic T cell tolerance can be reliably achieved without myeloablation or T cell depletion of the host. Chronic immunosuppression and rejection are avoided with this powerful, nontoxic approach to inducing tolerance.
Naloxone produces a fear and pain model (1980)

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Functional Changes in the Retina during and after Acute Intraocular Pressure Elevation in Mice (2009)

The STR in mice is more sensitive to acute IOP elevation and recovers slower than other ERG components. Reduction in pSTR and OP amplitude at 1 week suggests persistent impairment of inner retinal function can occur after a single IOP spike.
A data acquisition system for flat-panel imaging arrays (1994)

An electronic data acquisition system for pixelated, two-dimensional, amorphous silicon x-ray imaging arrays has been developed. The system was designed in a modular fashion with digital control provided by field-programmable logic devices. This approach allows sections of the design to be upgraded with little impact an other aspects of the system. Good analog noise performance was obtained by matching the preamplifier design to the characteristics of the array outputs. The design of this system is presented and its performance quantified.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Behavior of conducting solid or liquid jet moving in magnetic field: (1) paraxial; (2) transverse; (3) oblique (1998)

When a conductor moves through a nonuniform magnetic field, eddy currents flow that interact with the field to decelerate the conductor and perhaps change its trajectory, orientation and, if a liquid, shape. A rod of radius a = 1 cm and the density and electrical conductivity of melted gallium ({gamma} = 6.1 g/cm{sup 3}, {rho} = 26 {micro}{Omega} cm) will decelerate 6.3 m/s in a 0.5 m ramp of paraxial field with a constant gradient g of 40 T/m ({Delta}B = 20 T). The deceleration is proportional to a{sup 2}g{Delta}B/{gamma}{rho}, independent of the velocity. The bar decelerates about twice as much in a 20 T, 0.5 m ramp of transverse field. A bar traveling at a shallow angle to such a field decelerates about 6.3 m/s. If the bar is 0.25 m long and moves at 20 m/s, it aligns with the field in {approximately}10 ms, during which time it advances {approximately}0.2 m.
Expression of human alpha-tubulin genes: interspecies conservation of 3' untranslated regions. (1983)

To examine the sequence complexity and differential expression of human alpha-tubulin genes, we constructed cDNA libraries from two unrelated tissue types (epidermis and fetal brain). The complete sequence of a positively hybridizing alpha-tubulin clone from each library is described. Each is shown to represent an abundantly expressed gene from fetal brain and keratinocytes, respectively. Although the coding regions are extensively homologous (97%), the 3' untranslated regions are totally dissimilar. This property has been used to dissect the human alpha-tubulin multigene family into members bearing sequence relatedness in this region. Surprisingly, each of these noncoding regions shares very high (65 to 80%) interspecies homology with the 3' untranslated region of one of the two rat alpha-tubulin genes of known sequence. These unexpected homologies imply the existence of selective pressure on the 3' untranslated regions of some cytoskeletal genes which maintains sequence fidelity during the course of evolution, perhaps as a consequence of an as yet unidentified functional requirement.
Dynamic composition of protocol sub-systems for agile network services (2016)

The paper describes a management model where a service provider (SP) maintains multiple protocol modules to exercise the infrastructure resources (e.g., bandwidth, storage, servers) under various environment conditions. Each protocol depicts a distinctive work-flow among the networked entities (i.e., message exchanges and task coordination), incurring a certain amount of resource use. Different levels of performance optimality and fault resilience are thus achieved by various protocols in any given operating region of the network infrastructure and the environment. At run-time, the SP selects one of the protocol modules that meet the application's Quality of Service (QoS) specs against the prevailing operating conditions. A single shoe does not fit all sizes !! Our model allows a dynamic switching from one protocol module to another based on the changing environment conditions. A protocol configuration that is responsive to the dynamically changing conditions manifests as a highly agile and adaptive QoS offering. An enterprise service, for instance, may change its internal work-flow processes & procedures to quickly adapt to the changing business environment. The paper describes case studies of enterprise systems and content networks to exemplify the protocol switching as a foundation to build agile network services.
<i>Myrtillocactus</i> (cactaceae): botanical, agronomic, physicochemical and chemical characteristics of fruits (2008)

Introduction. In Mexico, the Myrtillocactus fruit production levels are substantial, yet fruits are often under-used. Although the focus of interest is on their potential as food colourings, the fruits deserve more attention for their other food properties but information on their physico-chemical composition is scarce. To offer a baseline for the development of Myrtillocactus cultivation, we reviewed the information so far available. Botanical description. Four Myrtillocactus species have been identified and reported in the literature. They differ in shape, colour and other phenotypic characteristics. In Mexico, the predominant species is M. geometrizans, but M. schenckii also grows abundantly throughout the arid and semi-arid lands of the country. Cytological analyses performed on M. geometrizans showed that the plant is diploid (2n = 22). Agronomic aspects. Myrtillocactus species belong to the Cactaceae family. Because of their Crassulacean acid metabolism, they are able to grow in the arid and semi-arid highlands of Mexico. Myrtillocactus species have been propagated asexually by explants or cloning. Under controlled conditions, in vitro micropropagation from apical and basal explants gives rise to high yields. For cultivation, attention should be paid especially to minimum winter temperatures. Description of fruits and biochemical characterisation. The edible fruit is globular, with diameters reaching 1.5 cm. The pulp is gel-like, ranging in colour from glowing red to bluish. Chemical characterisation has mainly focused on betalain compounds, the predominant ones of which are betanin and betaxanthins. Contents are reported to be about 2.3 mg betalain100 g -1 of pulp. Colour appears to be more stable than for red beets. Human consumption and commercial importance. In the production season (June to September), the fruits are found in all public markets in the states where they are grown. They are eaten either fresh or in processed forms. The commercialisation of the fruit is restricted mainly to rural production areas in certain states of Mexico. Conclusions. Our review establishes that published information on Myrtillocactus species is scarce and incomplete. The plant is under-utilised, despite its nutritional properties and commercial potential. Because they adapt easily to severely dry conditions, the Myrtillocactus species merit much more research.
Preliminary Reports and the Rates of Publication of Follow-up Reports in Peer-reviewed, Indexed Journals (2001)

Only 27% of studies published as preliminary or pilot reports were subsequently followed by a more definitive publication. While the words preliminary and pilot suggest that publication of further, refined work is pending, this is often not the case.
Platelet Response to Hypotonic Stress after Storage at 4 C or 22 C (1970)

We have studied the response of platelets to a standardized osmotic stress following storage at either 4 C or 22 C. Platelets that had been stored at 22 C for up to 72 hours retained their ability to recover from hypotonic swelling, while those that had been stored at 4 C showed a rapid decline in their ability to recover from hypotonic stress.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Paromomycin Derivatives Modified at C(4′) (2008)

Abstract The 2‐amino‐2‐deoxy‐ α ‐ D ‐glucopyranosyl moiety (ring I) of paromomycin was replaced by a 2,4‐diamino‐2,4‐dideoxy‐ α ‐ D ‐glucopyranosyl, 2,4‐diamino‐2,4‐dideoxy‐ α ‐ D ‐galactopyranosyl, 2‐amino‐2‐deoxy‐ α ‐ D ‐galactopyranosyl, or 3,4,5‐trideoxy‐4‐aza‐ α ‐ D ‐ erythro ‐heptoseptanosyl moiety to investigate the effect of the substituent at C(4′) on the interaction with ribosomal RNA. The triflate 6 was prepared from the key intermediate pentaazido 3′,6′‐dibenzyl ether 5 , and the hexosulose 10 was obtained by oxidation of 5 with Dess – Martin 's periodinane. Stereoselective reduction of 10 with NaBH 4 gave the alcohol 11 that was transformed into the triflate 12 . The epimeric hexaazides 7 and 13 were obtained by treating the triflates 6 and 12 , respectively, with tetrabutylammonium azide. Periodate cleavage of glycol 2 yielded the dialdehyde 24 that was reductively aminated with aniline and benzylamine to give the 3,4,5‐trideoxy‐4‐aza‐ α ‐ D ‐ erythro ‐heptoseptanosides 25 and 26 , respectively. Standard azide reduction and debenzylation yielded 9 (2,4‐diamino‐2,4‐dideoxy‐ α ‐ D ‐galactopyranosyl ring I), 13 (2‐amino‐2‐deoxy‐ α ‐ D ‐galactopyranosyl ring I), 17 (2,4‐diamino‐2,4‐dideoxy‐ α ‐ D ‐glucopyranosyl ring I), and 27 and 28 (3,4,5‐trideoxy‐4‐aza‐ α ‐ D ‐ erythro ‐heptoseptanosyl ring I). The derivatives 9 and 13 possessing a D ‐ galacto ‐configured ring I were less active than the corresponding D ‐ gluco ‐analogues 17 and paromomycin ( 1 ), respectively. The C(4′) ‐aminodeoxy derivative 17 ( D ‐ gluco ring I) and the known 4′‐deoxyparomomycin ( 23 ), prepared by a new route, displayed slightly lower antibacterial activities than paromomycin ( 1 ). Cell‐wall permeability is not responsible for the unexpectedly low activity for 17 , as shown by cell‐free translation assays. The results evidence that the orientation of the substituent at C(4′) is more important than its nature for drug binding and activity.
Identification of FHL1 as a therapeutic target for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2013)

Utrophin is a potential therapeutic target for the fatal muscle disease, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). In adult skeletal muscle, utrophin is restricted to the neuromuscular and myotendinous junctions and can compensate for dystrophin loss in mdx mice, a mouse model of DMD, but requires sarcolemmal localization. NFATc1-mediated transcription regulates utrophin expression and the LIM protein, FHL1 which promotes muscle hypertrophy, is a transcriptional activator of NFATc1. By generating mdx/FHL1-transgenic mice, we demonstrate that FHL1 potentiates NFATc1 activation of utrophin to ameliorate the dystrophic pathology. Transgenic FHL1 expression increased sarcolemmal membrane stability, reduced muscle degeneration, decreased inflammation and conferred protection from contraction-induced injury in mdx mice. Significantly, FHL1 expression also reduced progressive muscle degeneration and fibrosis in the diaphragm of aged mdx mice. FHL1 enhanced NFATc1 activation of the utrophin promoter and increased sarcolemmal expression of utrophin in muscles of mdx mice, directing the assembly of a substitute utrophin-glycoprotein complex, and revealing a novel FHL1-NFATc1-utrophin signaling axis that can functionally compensate for dystrophin.
Characterization of Obstructive Airway Disease in Family Members of Probands with Asthma: An Algorithm for the Diagnosis of Asthma (1998)

To investigate the genetic susceptibility to asthma, we developed an algorithm to classify the phenotype of each family member enrolled in a family study on the genetics of asthma. This algorithm was applied to 92, two- and three-generation families, identified through a subject (proband) with asthma first diagnosed 25 yr previously. The algorithm consisted of five classes based on the presence or absence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), respiratory symptoms, smoking, airways obstruction, and bronchodilator reversibility. All family members were classified as: (1) definite asthma; (2) probable asthma; (3) unclassifiable airway disease; (4) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); (5) unaffected (without clinical evidence of asthma and COPD). Thirteen of the 92 probands (14%) could not be classified as asthmatic when retested 25 yr later because of loss of BHR, loss of bronchodilator reversibility, or a current history of cigarette smoking. Of the 265 first-degree offspring, 49 (18%) were classified as having definite asthma (Class 1), and 22 (8%) as probable asthma (Class 2). A large number of offspring with clinical evidence of asthma did not have a prior physician's diagnosis of asthma, and offspring in Class 1 (definite asthma), with and without a physician's diagnosis, had similar clinical and physiologic characteristics. These results support the usefulness of this approach to classify subjects with asthma for genetic epidemiologic studies and show that reliance on a prior physician's diagnosis may result in misclassification or underdiagnosis. Characterization of the offspring in this family study showed that there is familial clustering, which supports the presence of a hereditary component in asthma.
A Single Promoter Inversion Switches <i>Photorhabdus</i> Between Pathogenic and Mutualistic States (2012)

Microbial populations stochastically generate variants with strikingly different properties, such as virulence or avirulence and antibiotic tolerance or sensitivity. Photorhabdus luminescens bacteria have a variable life history in which they alternate between pathogens to a wide variety of insects and mutualists to their specific host nematodes. Here, we show that the P. luminescens pathogenic variant (P form) switches to a smaller-cell variant (M form) to initiate mutualism in host nematode intestines. A stochastic promoter inversion causes the switch between the two distinct forms. M-form cells are much smaller (one-seventh the volume), slower growing, and less bioluminescent than P-form cells; they are also avirulent and produce fewer secondary metabolites. Observations of form switching by individual cells in nematodes revealed that the M form persisted in maternal nematode intestines, were the first cells to colonize infective juvenile (IJ) offspring, and then switched to P form in the IJ intestine, which armed these nematodes for the next cycle of insect infection.
The Role of Steroids in the Prevention of Corneal Graft Failure (1973)

Steroid therapy is of value in the prevention of the immune responses to corneal grafts in many instances. The effectiveness of this type of therapy depends on the severity of the immune response and on the stage at which the reaction is treated. In heavily vasculrtrized corneas where the immune response may begin within three or four weeks after operation, steroids are frequently incapable of preventing opacification of the graft. If the immune response occurs months or years after grafting and the reaction is noticed within a few days of its initiation, topical steroids may be extremely effective in clearing the inflammatory reaction.
Adaptive pole placement control subject to input amplitude constraints (2002)

The authors present a stability analysis for discrete-time pole placement control systems with input saturation constraints. It is shown that the adaptive closed-loop system for a class of stable type-m plants is globally stable in the sense that all the signals in the loop remain bounded. it is also shown that a certain degree of robustness with respect to modeling uncertainties and disturbances can be achieved for the adaptive control system by implementing a simple fixed dead zone in the parameter estimator. If the plant is free from modeling uncertainties and disturbances and the control input is not saturated for a finite period of time, then the closed-loop adaptive control system is asymptotically characterized by the desired closed-loop poles within this time period. Several simulation examples for discrete time plants are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Commercial Perspective on Reference (2017)

I briefly describe some of the commercial work which Arria NLG is doing in referring expression algorithms, and highlight differences between what is commercially important (at least to Arria) and the NLG research literature.Arria's focus is on high-quality algorithms for types of reference which are important in its systems.These algorithms need to be parametrisable for different genres and domains, usable in hybrid systems which include some canned text, and support variation.
Two Loci on Chromosome 5 Are Associated with Serum IgE Levels in Labrador Retrievers (2012)

Crosslinking of immunoglobulin E antibodies (IgE) bound at the surface of mast cells and subsequent mediator release is considered the most important trigger for allergic reactions. Therefore, the genetic control of IgE levels is studied in the context of allergic diseases, such as asthma, atopic rhinitis, or atopic dermatitis (AD). We performed genome-wide association studies in 161 Labrador Retrievers with regard to total and allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. We identified a genome-wide significant association on CFA 5 with the antigen-specific IgE responsiveness to Acarus siro. We detected a second genome-wide significant association with respect to the antigen-specific IgE responsiveness to Tyrophagus putrescentiae at a different locus on chromosome 5. A. siro and T. putrescentiae both belong to the family Acaridae and represent so-called storage or forage mites. These forage mites are discussed as major allergen sources in canine AD. No obvious candidate gene for the regulation of IgE levels is located under the two association signals. Therefore our studies offer a chance of identifying a novel mechanism controlling the host's IgE response.
Electrical, optical, and magnetic properties of organic solid-state materials IV : symposium held December 1-5, 1997, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. (1998)

This book shows that research involving electrical, optical and magnetic properties of organic solid-state materials continues to grow both in scope and technological importance. Early studies of charge transport in conducting polymers have evolved from the elucidation of fundamental structure/function relationships to applications such as batteries, simple electrical devices such as diodes, chemical sensors, antistatic coatings, microwave and millimeter wave-absorbing materials, and photochromic devices. A particularly exciting evolution has been the discovery and development of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) which appear to be nearing commercialization in an amazingly short period of time. This application is of particular interest because both electrical and optical properties must be considered.. Topics include: organic light-emitting materials and devices; photonic materials and devices; conducting and electroactive polymers and materials; molecular and supramolecular engineering; organic metals and magnetic materials and poster presentations.