gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of Extracting Velocity Distribution in Choriocapillaris in Human Eyes from ICG Dye Angiograms (2005)

Indocyanine green (ICG) dye angiography has been used by ophthalmologists for routine examination of the choroidal vasculature in human eyes for more than 20 years. In this study, a new approach is developed to extract information from ICG dye angiograms about blood velocity distribution in the choriocapillaris and its feeding blood vessels. ICG dye fluorescence intensity rise and decay curves are constructed for each pixel location in each image of the choriocapillaris in an ICG angiogram. It is shown that at each instant of time the magnitude of the local instantaneous dye velocity in the choriocapillaris is proportional to both the slope of the ICG dye fluorescence intensity curve and the dye concentration. This approach leads to determination of the absolute value of blood velocity in the choriocapillaris, assuming an appropriate scaling, or conversion factor can be determined. It also enables comparison of velocities in different regions of the choriocapillaris, since the conversion factor is independent of the vessel location. The computer algorithm developed in this study can be used in clinical applications for diagnostic purposes and for assessment of the efficacy of laser therapy in human eyes.
Chemical Strategies To Design Textured Materials:  from Microporous and Mesoporous Oxides to Nanonetworks and Hierarchical Structures (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical Strategies To Design Textured Materials: from Microporous and Mesoporous Oxides to Nanonetworks and Hierarchical StructuresGalo J. de A. A. Soler-Illia, Clément Sanchez, Bénédicte Lebeau, and Joël PatarinView Author Information Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée, CNRS UMR 7574, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France, and Laboratoire de Matériaux Minéraux, CNRS UMR CNRS-A 7016, ENSCMu, 3 rue A. Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 11, 4093–4138Publication Date (Web):October 25, 2002Publication History Received6 May 2002Published online25 October 2002Published inissue 1 November 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr0200062https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0200062research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views16562Altmetric-Citations1757LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Genetics,Materials,Mesostructures,Silica,Surfactants Get e-Alerts
Acute Sporadic Non–A, Non–B, Non–C, Non–D, Non–E Hepatitis (1997)

Patients presenting with clinical and laboratory features consistent with a diagnosis of acute non-A, non-B hepatitis were evaluated for evidence of hepatitis C or hepatitis E infection and for evidence of severe or prolonged disease. Antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) was detected in 75 of 108 (69%) patients, antibody to hepatitis E virus (anti-HEV) in three patients (3%), and neither antibody in 31 (29%) patients. One patient had both anti-HCV and anti-HEV. HCV RNA was not detected in sera from any of 20 patients with seronegative (non-ABCDE) hepatitis, but in all 10 patients with anti-HCV who were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Compared with patients with acute hepatitis C, those with non-ABCDE hepatitis had a lower incidence of parenteral risk factors (6% vs. 70%; P < .001), higher peak serum bilirubin levels (45% vs. 5% with peak levels > 15 mg/dL; P < .001), more prolonged jaundice (25% vs. 0% with peak bilirubin >5 weeks after onset; P < .01), more severe prothrombin time abnormalities (26% vs. 0% with >3 second prolongation; P < .001), more severe hypoalbuminemia (39% vs. 9% with albumin <3 g/dL; P < .01), and more frequent major clinical complications (13% vs. 0% with encephalopathy; P < .01; 10% vs. 0% with death or transplant; P = .024). Patients with acute non-ABCDE hepatitis were less likely to develop chronic hepatitis than those with acute hepatitis C (23% vs. 68%; P < .05). Thus, patients with acute non-ABCDE hepatitis are epidemiologically distinct from those with acute hepatitis C and have a significantly more severe acute illness.
TRAPPING AND FOCUSING OF PARTICLES AND CELLS BASED ON MAGNETIC ATTRACTION AND DIAMAGNETIC REPULSION (2011)

We are exploring the use of magnetic attraction and diamagnetic repulsion forces for the handling of microparticles and cells in microchannels. Here, we report on the application of both of these types of forces to allow simultaneous trapping of magnetic and diamagnetic particles via a single set of magnets, and demonstrate the ability to perform assays on one type of particle while the other acts as a control. Additionally, we show how the setup can be adjusted to enable the continuous flow focusing of diamagnetic particles in a paramagnetic medium.
Influence of gate dielectric on the ambipolar characteristics of solution-processed organic field-effect transistors (2011)

Solution-processed ambipolar organic field-effect transistors based on dicyanomethylene-substituted quinoidal quaterthiophene derivative [QQT(CN)4] are fabricated using various gate dielectric materials including cross-linked polyimide and poly-4-vinylphenol. Devices with spin-coated polymeric gate dielectric layers show a reduced hysteresis in their transfer characteristics. Among the insulating polymers examined in this study, a new fluorinated polymer with a low dielectric constant of 2.8 significantly improves both hole and electron field-effect mobilities of QQT(CN)4 thin films to values as high as 0.04 and 0.002 cm 2 V −1 s −1 . These values are close to the best mobilities obtained in QQT(CN)4 devices fabricated on SiO 2 treated with octadecyltrichlorosilane. The influence of the metal used for source/drain metal electrodes on the device performance is also investigated. Whereas best device performances are achieved with gold electrodes, more balanced electron and hole field-effect mobilities could be obtained using chromium.
Intracrystalline Diffusion in Zeolites (1988)

A new experimental technique (ZLC) has been developed and applied to study the diffusion of a range of hydrocarbons (xylene, benzene, cyclohexane and linear paraffins) in unaggregated crystals of zeolites A and X. The validity of the method was confirmed by varying the crystal size and the nature and flowrate of the purge gas. The method has advantages of speed and simplicity but the major advantage is that the intrusion of extraneous heat and mass transfer resistances is much less significant than in conventional uptake rate measurements. As a result, the new method can be applied to systems in which diffusion is too rapid to follow in a conventional sorption experiment. Several of the systems studied have also been investigated by NMR, as well as by uptake and exchange rate measurements using large crystals. For all sorbates in both A and X zeolites the results obtained by the new ZLC method are consistent with our earlier sorption rate data but the diffusivities are much smaller than the values obtained by the NMR PFG method. Agreement between ZLC and NMR measurements was found only for butane in large 5A crystals. The large difference in diffusivity between large laboratory synthesized crystals and small commercial crystals is also confirmed for this system.
Modeling and Simulation (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The Runge–Kutta Method Kinetics of Cell Growth Simulation of a Batch Ethanol Fermentation Ethanol Case Study Luedeking–Piret Model Continuous Stirred-Tank Bioreactor Batch Fermentor versus Chemostat References Homework Problems
Counteracting HIV-1 Protease Drug Resistance:  Structural Analysis of Mutant Proteases Complexed with XV638 and SD146, Cyclic Urea Amides with Broad Specificities (1998)

The long-term therapeutic benefit of HIV antiretroviral therapy is still threatened by drug-resistant variants. Mutations in the S1 subsite of the protease are the primary cause for the loss of sensitivity toward many HIV protease inhibitors, including our first-generation cyclic urea-based inhibitors DMP323 and DMP450. We now report the structures of the three active-site mutant proteases V82F, I84V, and V82F/I84V in complex with XV638 and SD146, two P2 analogues of DMP323 that are 8-fold more potent against the wild type and are able to inhibit a broad panel of drug-resistant variants [Jadhav, P. K., et al. (1997) J. Med. Chem. 40, 181-191]. The increased efficacy of XV638 and SD146 is due primarily to an increase in P2-S2 interactions: 30-40% more van der Waals contacts and two to four additional hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, because these new interactions do not perturb other subsites in the protease, it appears that the large complementary surface areas of their P2 substituents compensate for the loss of P1-S1 interactions and reduce the probability of selecting for drug-resistant variants.
Study on Structural and Electrical Properties of Ce<sub>0.5</sub>Zr<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>2</sub> for Applications in SOFC Anode (2010)

The redox properties of dense pellets of Ce 0.50 Zr 0.50 O 2 have been investigated by temperature programmed reduction (TPR) (1023-1373K) and mild temperature oxidation (873K) cycles, X-ray powder diffraction technique (XRD), RAMAN spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) have been used to characterize structural and conductivity modifications. The redox treatments promote both the reducibility at lower temperature and the electrical conductivity of this material. A gradual transition from a tetragonal to a pyrochlore cubic phase with the progress of reduction has been observed, while the nature of the phase after reoxidation depends on the temperature of reduction. The promotion of conductivity is correlated with the partial reordering of cationic lattice, but not specifically with the formation of the κ-phase.
SIMULTANEOUS NITRIFICATION / DENITRIFICATION USING NADH FLUORESCENCE THE SYMBIOTM PROCESS (2001)

SIMULTANEOUS NITRIFICATION / DENITRIFICATION USING NADH FLUORESCENCE THE SYMBIOTM PROCESSThis paper discusses a unique biological nutrient removal process (the SymBio™ process, protected by USA patents 5,506,096, 5,557,415, 5,700,370 and 5,906,746) using an NADH monitoring system. The objective of the process is to create and maintain conditions for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a single tank. Case histories are presented of successful installations which...Author(s)Hiren TrivediTim WeirSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 2 – Chemical Manufacturing Wastewater TreatmentDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2001ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20010101)2001:3L.159;1-DOI10.2175/193864701785019371Volume / Issue2001 / 3Content sourceIndustrial Wastes (IW) ConferenceFirst / last page(s)159 - 171Copyright2001Word count405
Electrochemical Study on Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide with Fe(II) (1994)

Abstract Decomposition of H 2 O 2 with Fe 2+ was studied with SnO 2 electrodes. By chronoamperometric and voltammetric techniques, the diffusion coefficients of Fe 3* and H 2 O 2 were estimated to be 5 × 10‐ 6 and 2 × 10 −5 cm 2 /s, respectively; the rate of decomposition of H 2 O 2 with Fe 2+ was proportional to [H 2 O 2 ] 1/2 ·[Fe 2+ ] 2 at a smaller concentration of Fe 2+ , but to [H 2 O 2 ] 1/2 ·[Fe 2+ ] when [Fe 2+ ] was increased, indicating the formation of ferryl ion and the electron exchange between it and Fe 2+ playing important roles. This catalytic decomposition. was dependent on pH; the maximum rate was observed to occur about pH = 1.5.
Characterization of Anomalous Diffusion from MR Signal may be a New Probe to Tissue Microstructure (2006)

Observation of translational self-diffusion of water molecules using magnetic resonance (MR) techniques has proven to be a powerful means to probe tissue microstructure. The collected MR signal depends on experimentally controllable parameters as well as the descriptors of tissue geometry. In order to obtain the latter, one needs to employ accurate models to characterize the dependence of the signal on the varied experimental parameters. In this work, a simple model describing diffusion in disordered media and fractal spaces is shown to describe the diffusion-time dependence of the diffusion attenuated MR signal obtained from biological specimens successfully. The model enables one to quantify the evolution of the average water displacement probabilities in terms of two exponents _dw and ds. The experiments performed on excised human neural tissue samples and human red blood cell ghosts indicate that these two parameters are sensitive to tissue microstructure. Therefore, it may be possible to use the proposed scheme to generate novel contrast mechanism for classifying and segmenting tissue.
The binding of cupric ions to bovine pancreatic ribonuclease studied with diligand metal-ion buffers (1967)

A procedure has been developed for the use of metal-ion buffers that depends on the formation of 2:1 complexes between suitable chelators and metal ions. beta-Alanine has been used as the chelator for Cu(2+) ions in a study of Cu(2+) binding by bovine pancreatic ribonuclease by the equilibrium-dialysis technique at pH7.0, 6.1 and 5.2. The results indicated the presence of two avid binding sites, the more avid group being implicated in the inhibition of enzyme activity by Cu(2+) ions. The binding constants of the more avid site were 2.97x10(7), 7.97x10(5) and 1.25x10(4) at pH7.0, 6.1 and 5.2 respectively, and the binding constants of the less avid site were 5.27x10(6) and 1.71x10(5) at pH7.0 and 6.1 respectively. The data show that the Cu(2+) is chelated to the protein through at least two ligand groups on the ribonuclease molecule.
Water resources decision making using meta-heuristic optimization methods (2004)

This dissertation work is part of a larger research effort involving soil-aquifer treatment (SAT). The dissertation's focus was to investigate meta-heuristic (global) optimization methods suitable for developing water resources decision support system (DSS), particularly to optimally design and operate groundwater storage and recovery projects. The effort included developing an integrated simulation-optimization management model for complex aquifer recharge/extraction operation considering water quality transformation. The research demonstrated successful integration of three-dimensional hydraulic, water quality, and particle tracking models with shuffled complex evolution (SCE) optimization algorithm. It also included developing the shuffled frog leaping algorithm (SFLA), a meta-heuristic optimization technique for solving discrete/combinatorial problems, and its application to aid decision making in water supply and distribution system optimization issues. SFLA is a memetic, meta-heuristic population-based cooperative search metaphor inspired by natural memetics. SFLA was developed by extending the logic of two existing global optimization techniques for continuous optimization problems. The local search is completed using an extension of the particle swami optimization (PSO) method, and the global exploration is performed by a technique similar to that used in the shuffled complex evolution (SCE) algorithm. SFLA was tested favorably on several literature test functions and engineering problems that present difficulties to many global optimization problems. The effectiveness and suitability of this algorithm has also been demonstrated by applying it to a groundwater model calibration problem and several water distribution system design problems that are considered as benchmark problems in the literature. The comparison of SFLA with other existing global optimization methods, such as genetic algorithms (GA), in terms of the likelihood and efficiency of converging to a global optimal solution, suggests that SFLA can be an effective algorithm for solving discrete/combinatorial optimization problems.
A multi-layer perceptron approach for flow-based anomaly detection (2017)

The increase in successful cyber-attacks on systems with firewalls and encryption techniques has led to the creation of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). Machine learning techniques are often used for these systems to predict malicious behaviour in the vague and unbalanced data. Flow-based IDS monitors only the packet headers of the network traffic and not the attached data to keep up with the growing bandwidth of networks and to maintain the privacy of the users. In this context, a multilayer perceptron approach is analysed on two different datasets and compared to a J48 Decision Tree classifier. Obtained results confirm that flow-based systems seem to be, apart from inevitable, the right way for IDS in the future and that MLP can still be useful in flow-based detection.
The Influence of In/Zn Ratio on the Performance and Negative-Bias Instability of Hf–In–Zn–O Thin-Film Transistors Under Illumination (2011)

The performance and stability of hafnium–indium–zinc–oxide (HIZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) are evaluated with respect to the relative content in In and Zn cations. While devices that incorporate an active layer with an In-rich composition exhibit higher field-effect mobility values, they undergo larger negative shifts in <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$V_{\rm th}$</tex></formula> upon negative-bias illumination stress (NBIS). Density-of-states analyses suggest that a higher In/Zn ratio in the semiconductor results in larger defect states in the vicinity of the semiconductor/gate-insulator interface. Accordingly, these defect states may act as carrier traps that accelerate the degradation of HIZO TFTs upon NBIS.
Extremity Trauma in Wartime: Lessons Learned from Recent Conflicts (1995)

Summary: The lessons learned from recent wars about the treatment of extremity wounds reflect both the fundamentals of basic wound treatment and improvements in general medical care, support, surgical techniques, and communication. As a result of these improvements, or in spite of these improvements, the basic principles of wound treatment are at continual risk of being slighted. There remains a relative lack of commitment to maintain the highest standards of technical competence associated with a transition of peace to war, because of our propensity to abhor war. Herein we describe changes in combat casualty care over the past 30 years, to include the changes in medical support, communication, and techniques that affect the treatment of extremity wounds. We reemphasize the importance of understanding and applying the basic principles of wound care introduced by Ollier in the late 19th century and reiterated and further refined by Trueta. The principles of early and adequate debridement and stabilization of associated fractures continue to be the hallmarks of extremity trauma care in any context.
Altered Electron FlowinContinuous Cultures ofClostridium acetobutylicum Induced byViologen Dyes (1987)

Thephysiological responseofClostridium acetobutylicum tomethyl andbenzyl viologen was investigated. Viologen dyesatlowconcentrations (atlevels ofparts permillion [micrograms permilliliter]) causedsignificant metabolic shifts. Altered electron flowappeared todirect carbonflowfromacidtoalcohol production accompanied bydecreased hydrogen evolution. Reducing equivalents normally released asfreehydrogen were directed towardformation ofNADH which, inturn, resulted inincreased alcohol production. Inaddition, it was shownthatsolvent production cantakeplace atpH6.3. Contrary toprevious reports, butanol production appearstobeindependent ofhighlevels ofacetate-butyrate andglucose.
Electrophoretic microfluidic devices for mutation detection in clinical diagnostics (2008)

Further development of 'lab-on-a-chip' or 'micro total analysis system' technologies ultimately aims to streamline and miniaturize the entire genetic analysis process, enabling rapid, point-of-care analysis for molecular diagnostics.
Dual Roles of IFN-γ and IL-4 in the Natural History of Murine Autoimmune Cholangitis: IL-30 and Implications for Precision Medicine (2016)

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a progressive autoimmune liver disease with a long natural history. The pathogenesis of PBC is thought to be orchestrated by Th1 and/or Th17. In this study, we investigated the role of CD4<sup>+</sup> helper T subsets and their cytokines on PBC using our previous established murine model of 2-OA-OVA immunization. We prepared adeno-associated virus (AAV)-IFN-γ and AAV-IL-4 and studied their individual influences on the natural history of autoimmune cholangitis in this model. Administration of IFN-γ significantly promotes recruitment and lymphocyte activation in the earliest phases of autoimmune cholangitis but subsequently leads to downregulation of chronic inflammation through induction of the immunosuppressive molecule IL-30. In contrast, the administration of IL-4 does not alter the initiation of autoimmune cholangitis, but does contribute to the exacerbation of chronic liver inflammation and fibrosis. Thus Th1 cells and IFN-γ are the dominant contributors in the initiation phase of this model but clearly may have different effects as the disease progress. In conclusion, better understanding of the mechanisms by which helper T cells function in the natural history of cholangitis is essential and illustrates that precision medicine may be needed for patients with PBC at various stages of their disease process.
Proteolytic processing of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall protein Scw4p (2013)

Yeast cell wall contains proteins that are noncovalently (Scw-proteins) or covalently (Ccw-proteins) bound to β-1, 3-glucan, either through GPI-anchors and β-1, 6-glucan, or by alkali labile ester linkages between γ-carboxyl groups of glutamic acid and hydroxyl groups of glucoses (Pir- proteins). It was previously shown that one of the most abundant Scw protein, Scw4p is partly also covalently linked to the cell wall and that non-covalently bound Scw4p underwent the proteolytic processing, while the covalently bound Scw4p was not processed. Such finding indicates that the proteolytic processing might determine the localization of these two forms of the protein. Proteolytic enzymes which might have a role in processing of Scw4p are Kex2p and a family of aspartic proteases called yapsins. To get a better insight in the processing of Scw4p, different mutations were introduced to SCW4 in the region of predicted processing sites. Besides, native and mutated forms of Scw4p were expressed in kex2 yeast strain and strain with all yapsin genes disrupted (5yps∆) and Scw4p processing was examined.