gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Photodynamic Therapy on Colon Cancer Cell Line (2003)

Purpose: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a relatively new technology for an alternative modality in the treatment of colorectal cancers. This study was conducted to identify the appropriate dosage and energy level for the photosensitizer as well as effect of PDT on colon cancer cells. Methods: Colon cancer cell line, COLO 205 (American Type Culture Collection, ATCC) was obtained from Korea Cell Line Bank (KCLB, Seoul, Korea). Cells were cultured on RPMI 1640 medium with 10% fetal calf serum, penicillin, and gentamicin. Cells were incubated at 37C in a 5% air environment, Photosense (sulphonated aluminum phthalocyanine, , NIOPIK, State Research Center, Moscow, Russia) was used for the photosensitizer and Fireplace video-3 (Biospec, General Physics Institute, Mascow, Russia, 500 mW/, 670 nm) was used for the light source. cells were incubated in 96 well plates with different concentrations of aluminum phthalocyanine: 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 1M for 24 hours then photoirradiation was performed at either 24 or 48 J/. The time variations of the viabilities of cells of the four study groups and were measured by using MTT assay according to time were compared to those of the three control groups: control (no treatment), control (, no light), control (light, no ), and the study groups (PDT) at one hour, 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours after PDT. Results: At, one hour after PDT, the viability of the cells was not changed in the control groups. Viabilities of 117, 40, 35, and 23% in the 24 J group and 76, 31, 52, and 48% in 48 J group were observed, respectively in order of increasing concentration witb the value of 87103% for the control group. 24 hours later, viability of control groups were not changed, By 24 hour after PDT, the viabilities of the control groups had not changed, but tbose of the 24 J/ and 48 J/ PDT study groups had decreased significantly to 62, 17, 16, and 18% and 24, 15, 13, and 13%, respectively (P=0.00). By 48 hours viability of the 24 J/ and 48 J/ PDT study groups were also significantly decreased being 103, 26, 13, and 13% and 50, 8, 8, and 9%, respectively (P=0.00). By 72 hours, viabilities were 84, 21, 21, and 30 % and 33, 20, 33, and 15%, respectively (P=0.00). Conclusions: The PDT groups showed a marked cytotoxic effect compared to the control groups, and the effect appeared just after PDT and peaked in 48 hours. The minimum required concentration of the photosensitizer for effective cytotoxicity was at 0.3M eitber 24 or 48 J/.
Slip control for LIM propelled transit vehicles (1980)

Short stator linear induction motors, with an iron-backed aluminum sheet reaction rail and powered by a controlled inverter, have been selected as the propulsion system for transit vehicles in an intermediate capacity system (12-20,000 pphpd). The linear induction motor is capable of adhesion independent braking and acceleration levels which permit safe, close headways. In addition, simple control is possible allowing moving block automatic train control. This paper presents a slip frequency control scheme for the LIM. Experimental results for motoring and braking obtained from a test vehicle are also presented. These values are compared with theoretical predictions.
Dendritic Mechanisms of Phase Precession in Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons (2001)

Dual whole-cell patch clamp recordings from the soma and dendrites of CA1 pyramidal neurons located in hippocampal slices of adult rats were used to examine the potential mechanisms of phase precession. To mimic phasic synaptic input, 5-Hz sine wave current injections were simultaneously delivered both to the soma and apical dendrites (dendritic current was 180 degrees out-of-phase with soma). Increasing the amplitude of the dendritic current injection caused somatic action potential initiation to advance in time (move forward up to 180 degrees). The exact pattern of phase advancement is dependent on the dendritic location of input, with more distal input causing a more gradual temporal shift in spike initiation and a smaller increase in spike number. Patterned stimulation of Schaffer collateral/perforant path synaptic input can produce phase precession that is very similar to that observed with sine wave current injections. Finally, the exact amount of synaptic input required to produce phase advancement was found to be regulated by dendritic voltage-gated ion channels. Together, these data demonstrate that the summation of primarily proximal inhibition with an increasing amount of out-of-phase, primarily distal excitation can result in a form of phase advancement similar to that seen during theta activity in the intact hippocampus.
Object-Handling System for Manual Industry (1979)

An object-handling system for manual industry is described. This system is designed to have a compact structure and to accomplish multiple prehension and flexible motion for manual tasks. The system has three fingers which have structures similar to those of a human. Namely, these fingers are composed of three, four, and four joints, respectively, and can perform not only such simple motions as bending and extending but also such lateral flexing motions as adduction and abduction. The kinematics of the system is discussed in a rectangular coordinate system. The general solution for the finger joint is obtained by solving a fourth-degree equation. The control mode of each finger joint is suitably changed between position and torque control, and each joint is controlled by a hardware servo system. Cooperative motions among the fingers are easily realized by means of the hardware servo system. In an experiment of swing motion, cooperative motion based on a force control is accomplished between the right and left fingers without dropping the object. Bar turning and sphere turning are accomplished smoothly by a computer control in which control signals for finger joints are generated by interpolating a sequence of set points that has been stored in the computer in the teaching process.
Uni- and Demi-Orthocentric Simplexes, II (1962)

a. S r(n_r) is defined in [5] to denote a Uni-orthocentric Simplex, or briefly UoS, in an n-space such that its r altitudes from its r vertices concur at its r-orthocentre H r and n - r others at H n-r .
Document centered approach to text normalization (2000)

In this paper we present an approach to tackle three important problems of text normalization: sentence boundary disambiguation, disambiguation of capitalized words when they are used in positions where capitalization is expected, and identification of abbreviations. The main feature of our approach is that it uses a minimum of pre-built resources, instead dynamically inferring disambiguation clues from the entire document itself. This makes it domain independent, closely targeted to each individual document and portable to other languages. We thoroughly evaluated this approach on several corpora and it showed high accuracy.
Sjörgren's syndrome treated with bromhexine: a randomised clinical study. (1978)

Existing treatment for Sjögren's syndrome is unsatisfactory, and uncontrolled observations have suggested that bromhexine may be effective. Twenty-nine patients with Sjögren's syndrome were therefore assigned to two randomised double-blind crossover trials with bromhexine and placebo, each comprising two two-week periods. In the first trial bromhexine 24 mg/day was given by mouth; in the second the dose was increased to 48 mg/day. After each treatment period the Schirmer test response, break-up time, Bijsterveld score, and the time taken for the patient to eat a dry biscuit were recorded, as well as the patient's estimate of moistness in the eyes and mouth. In the second (higher-dose) trial values on the Schirmer test were significantly higher after bromhexine than after placebo and the break-up time was also increased after bromhexine, which suggested that the drug has a dose-dependent effect on lacrimal gland secretion in Sjögren's syndrome. It had no effect on salivary gland function. Bromhexine is therefore valuable in the treatment of Sjögren's syndrome.
Synthesis of 2‐ and 3‐substituted‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydrodibenzo[<i>f,h</i>]isoquinolines (1986)

Abstract Some 2‐ and 3‐substituted‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydrodibenzo[ f,h ]isoquinolines were prepared by a synthetic scheme involving a selective Borch reduction of an amide to the corresponding amine and a Friedel‐Crafts cyclization to obtain the dibenzo[ f,h ]isoquinoline system. The title compounds, which have a similarity to the cell growth inhibitory alkaloid cryptopleurine, failed to exhibit significant protein synthesis inhibitory activity.
Some Optimum and Suboptimum Frame Synchronizers for Binary Data in Gaussian Noise (1973)

In this correspondence we investigate the performance of several optimum and suboptimum devices for locating a sync word in data corrupted by Gaussian noise. One suboptimum synchronizer, which is extremely simple to instrument, is shown to perform virtually optimally over the entire range of interesting signal-to-noise ratios.
MLDS: Multi-Layer Defense System for Preventing Advanced Persistent Threats (2014)

Here we report on the issue of Advanced Persistent Threats (APT), which use malware for the purpose of leaking the data of large corporations and government agencies. APT attacks target systems continuously by utilizing intelligent and complex technologies. To overthrow the elaborate security network of target systems, it conducts an attack after undergoing a pre-reconnaissance phase. An APT attack causes financial loss, information leakage, etc. They can easily bypass the antivirus system of a target system. In this paper, we propose a Multi-Layer Defense System (MLDS) that can defend against APT. This system applies a reinforced defense system by collecting and analyzing log information and various information from devices, by installing the agent on the network appliance, server and end-user. It also discusses how to detect an APT attack when one cannot block the initial intrusion while continuing to conduct other activities. Thus, this system is able to minimize the possibility of initial intrusion and damages of the system by promptly responding through rapid detection of an attack when the target system is attacked.
Phosphor-based thermometry of the rotor in a high-power electrical generator (1991)

A prototype on-line rotor temperature monitor based on phosphor decay-time measurements using optical fibers was tested on two large electrical generators.
Passive-Active Immunization with Tetanus Immune Globulin (Human) (1963)

THE ease and efficiency of establishing active immunity against tetanus is universally acknowledged. In groups fifty years of age and over, especially in females, greater efforts must be made by all concerned so that immunization itself will become truly universal, since passive or passive-active immunization after injury in the nonimmune are poor substitutes for active protection acquired before exposure. There will always be circumstances, however, in which it will be desirable to give passive protection to the immunized because of the seriousness of the injury — for example, deep puncture wounds with or without massive contamination, compound fractures, shock and . . .
An Operating Intelligent Plasma Antenna (2007)

Summary form only given. We have developed and demonstrated a prototype for an intelligent plasma antenna. The object is to have an antenna observe a designated transmitter, while disregarding unwanted signals coming in from other azimuth angles. In this way, both unwanted background noise and multi-path reception clutter are reduced. The advantage of a plasma antenna over a scanning mechanical antenna is that the plasma antenna is electrically reconfigurable, can operate at high speeds and has no moving parts. The unit operates at about 2.5 GHz, near the operating frequencies of many cell phones. A ring of plasma tubes operating beyond microwave cut-off surrounds a metal transmitting antenna. A computer de-energizes a plasma tube, causing a lobe of microwave radiation to be emitted. Sequentially de-energizing the plasma tubes causes the radiation lobe to scan in azimuth. When a receiving antenna is detected, the computer ceases scanning, and locks onto the receiving antenna. When the receiving antenna is disconnected, the computer recommences scanning, looking for another receiving antenna.
Real-time architecture for mobile assistant robots (2007)

Mobile robotics is a challenging research area, with produced results that were unthinkable several years ago. There exist algorithms and methods capable of performing difficult tasks such as detect/classify objects, skill learning and SLAM. From the initial design steps, the real-time software architecture of a robotic platform requires great attention. The problem is difficult, because various components, such as sensing, perception, localization, and motor control, are required to operate and interact in real-time. This makes the system a very complex one. This paper presents a real-time control architecture designed for mobile robots and intelligent vehicles. Moreover, an example of application of the control structure consisting on a system for learning to classify places, using laser range data, is reported.
Infrared Laser Interferometer for Measuring Air-bearing Separation (1974)

The design and characteristics are presented for an infrared instrument capable of measuring air-bearing separation distances over a mechanical bandwidth ranging from dc to 30 kHz. The measurement technique involves monitoring optical intensity variations of the interferometric cavity formed by two air-bearing surfaces. This intensity varies between a minimum at zero separation and a maximum at a distance equal to one-quarter of the optical wavelength. For air-bearing distances less than 1 µm, a convenient source is the 3.391 µm infrared line of the helium-neon laser. By continually monitoring a fraction of the intensity of the optical source, a real-time analog division can be performed on the spacing signals to produce an output independent of laser intensity variations. Room-temperature indium arsenide detectors were selected for their high responsivity and rapid rise time.
Biochemistry of Selenium: A Brief Overview (1983)

Biochemistry of Selenium: A Brief Overview. Reddy, C.C. and Massaro, E.J. (1983).Fundam. Appl. Toxicol 3:431–436. The chemistry of Se suggests that, in biological systems, it is most likely present as the selenol (selenomercaptan) R-SeH, or, as the Se ether analogous to sulfur in the amino acid methionine. Selenols are stronger acids than mercaptans and, at physiological pH, exist mainly in anionic form (R-Se−) whereas the sulfhydryl group exists mainly in the protonated form. The anionic form of the selenohydryl group is a good nucleophile as well as a good leaving group. Also, it binds metals strongly, which is the principle behind the use of Se compounds for heavy metal detoxification. Conversely, metal ions can strip Se from organoselenium compounds and Hg, Cd, Pb, and Cu are highly effective in this capacity.In vivo, Se compounds tend to undergo reduction in contrast to sulfur compounds which are acquired in reduced form and generally undergo oxidation. Biosynthesis of methylated Se compounds, yielding dimethyl selenide, dimethyl diselenide, or trimethyl selenonium ion, appears to be the major pathway of Se metabolism/detoxification in animals. The highest activity of the pathway has been found in liver and kidney followed by lung, skeletal muscle, spleen, and heart. Selenium (Se) appears to be incorporated into proteins via post transcriptional modification of poly peptides. Six proteins that incorporate/require Se have been isolated: Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), the selenoprotein of muscle, selenoflagellin, Se-transport protein, and the bacterial enzymes formate dehydrogenase and glycin reductase. There is evidence also that Se is an essential component of nicotinic acid hydroxylase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and a bacterial thiolase. As an integral part of Se-dependent GSH-Px, Se has been reported to play a key role in the cellular antioxidant defense mechanism and modulation of the arachidonic acid cascade. Selenium deficiency has been implicated as a factor in a number of diseases affecting humans and animals of economic importance. Also, Se has been reported to enhance both the humoral and cellular immune responses and to possess anticarcinogenic activity.
Urinary metabolites of clomethiazole. Detection and structural analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. (1979)

As the result of a renewed extensive investigation of clomethiazole (Distraneurin) metabolism five previously unknown metabolites could be isolated from human urine. Their structures were elucidated by mass spectrometry. Whereas previous investigations on the metabolism of clomethiazole had demonstrated changes only of the ethyl group, we now found metabolites attached to the methyl group, too. The newly isolated compounds 5-(1-hydroxy-2-chloroethyl)-4-methylthiazole (9) and 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-thiazole carboxylic acid lactone (5) were found to be more abundant in human urine than 4-methyl-5-thiazole acetic acid previously considered as the main metabolite.
Advances in the treatment of dyslipidemia (2016)

Although current guidelines do not set specific targets for lowering levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), several lines of evidence support the concept that "lower is better." Statin drugs in combination with new agents now make it possible to lower LDL-C to new lows. Determining the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy adults and how far to extend treatment for primary prevention has critical implications for public health.
INVESTIGATIONS ON STEROIDS. VIII. LOWER HOMOLOGS OF HORMONES OF THE PREGNANE SERIES: 10-NOR-11-DESOXY-CORTICOSTERONE ACETATE AND 10-NORPROGESTERONE<sup>1</sup> (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTINVESTIGATIONS ON STEROIDS. VIII. LOWER HOMOLOGS OF HORMONES OF THE PREGNANE SERIES: 10-NOR-11-DESOXY-CORTICOSTERONE ACETATE AND 10-NORPROGESTERONE1MAXIMILIAN EHRENSTEINCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1944, 09, 5, 435–456Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01187a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01187a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views113Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Role of Mitochondria in the Oxidative Stress Induced by Electromagnetic Fields: Focus on Reproductive Systems (2018)

Modern technologies relying on wireless communication systems have brought increasing levels of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure. This increased research interest in the effects of these radiations on human health. There is compelling evidence that EMFs affect cell physiology by altering redox-related processes. Considering the importance of redox <i>milieu</i> in the biological competence of oocyte and sperm, we reviewed the existing literature regarding the effects of EMFs on reproductive systems. Given the role of mitochondria as the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), we focused on the hypothesis of a mitochondrial basis of EMF-induced reproductive toxicity. MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus database were examined for peer-reviewed original articles by searching for the following keywords: "extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs)," "radiofrequency (RF)," "microwaves," "Wi-Fi," "mobile phone," "oxidative stress," "mitochondria," "fertility," "sperm," "testis," "oocyte," "ovarian follicle," and "embryo." These keywords were combined with other search phrases relevant to the topic. Although we reported contradictory data due to lack of uniformity in the experimental designs, a growing body of evidence suggests that EMF exposure during spermatogenesis induces increased ROS production associated with decreased ROS scavenging activity. Numerous studies revealed the detrimental effects of EMFs from mobile phones, laptops, and other electric devices on sperm quality and provide evidence for extensive electron leakage from the mitochondrial electron transport chain as the main cause of EMF damage. In female reproductive systems, the contribution of oxidative stress to EMF-induced damages and the evidence of mitochondrial origin of ROS overproduction are reported, as well. In conclusion, mitochondria seem to play an important role as source of ROS in both male and female reproductive systems under EMF exposure. Future and more standardized studies are required for a better understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying EMF potential challenge to our reproductive system in order to improve preventive strategies.
Effect of the molecular weight of chitosan on its antiviral activity in plants (2006)

The effect of the molecular weight of chitosan on its ability to suppress systemic infection of bean mild mosaic virus in bean (Phasoleus vulgaris L.) plants was studied. The enzymatic hydrolysate of low-molecular-weight chitosan was successively fractionated by ultrafiltration through membranes with decreasing pore size. In total, four chitosan fractions with a weight-average molecular weight varying from 1.2 to 40.4 kDa were obtained. It was shown that the treatments of bean plants with these fractions (chitosan concentration, 10 or 100 microg/ml) inhibited virus accumulation and systemic propagation. The degree of chitosan-induced antiviral resistance increased as the molecular weight of chitosan decreased. The monomers comprising the chitosan molecule-glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine--exhibited no antiviral activity.
New Glass Compositions Possessing Electronic Conductivities (1965)

This paper describes the use of oxides of the transition elements, V, Mo, W, Fe, Mn, and Ti, in various combinations with oxides of the alkali and alkaline earth metals and oxides of silicon, phosphorus, boron, aluminum, and zinc to produce glass compositions in which conductivity results from movement of electrons rather than ions. Conduction mechanisms in these new glasses are discussed, as well as the principles of glass formation involved in the derivation of the glass compositions.
Cellular aggregation and trauma in cardiotomy suction systems. (1979)

Experiments in dogs showed that the high levels of cellular aggregation and trauma caused by cariodtomy suction can be considerably reduced by the avoidance of air aspiration. A hypothesis is proposed to explain this on the basis of shear stresses in the inlet cannula. Roller pump suction was also found to be slightly more traumatic than vaccum suction, but contact of the blood with the pericardium had no effect so long as the pericardium and epicardium had been previously washed with saline.