gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
siRNA-mediated silencing of CDK8 inhibits proliferation and growth in breast cancer cells. (2014)

CDK8 plays an essential role in breast cancer progression, which might inhibit the proliferation and migration in breast cancer cells.
Pentoxifylline in End-Stage Renal Disease (1987)

Little information is available about the clearance of pentoxifylline and its metabolites in renal failure. Consequently, when a dialysis patient required this drug, we started at a low dose and gradually increased the dosage while monitoring the patient for signs or symptoms of toxicity and following plasma concentrations of parent drug and its metabolites. Our patient appeared to develop evidence of drug toxicity after about six days on two-thirds of the usual recommended adult dose of the drug. The pentoxifylline half-life and apparent half-life of metabolite I were both substantially prolonged as compared with data from healthy volunteers. Both accumulated rapidly in plasma. Concentrations of metabolites IV and V were also very high.
Simplified Procedure for Encapsulating Cytochrome <i>c</i> in Silica Aerogel Nanoarchitectures while Retaining Gas-Phase Bioactivity (2012)

Cytochrome c (cyt. c) has been encapsulated in silica sol-gels and processed to form bioaerogels with gas-phase activity for nitric oxide through a simplified synthetic procedure. Previous reports demonstrated a need to adsorb cyt. c to metal nanoparticles prior to silica sol-gel encapsulation and processing to form aerogels. We report that cyt. c can be encapsulated in aerogels without added nanoparticles and retain structural stability and gas-phase activity for nitric oxide. While the UV-visible Soret absorbance and nitric oxide response indicate that cyt. c encapsulated with nanoparticles in aerogels remains slightly more stable and functional than cyt. c encapsulated alone, these properties are not very different in the two types of aerogels. From UV-visible and Soret circular dichroism results, we infer that cyt. c encapsulated alone self-organizes to reduce contact with the silica gel in a way that may bear at least some resemblance to the way cyt. c self-organizes into superstructures of protein within aerogels when nanoparticles are present. Both the buffer concentration and the cyt. c concentration of solutions used to synthesize the bioaerogels affect the structural integrity of the protein encapsulated alone within the dried aerogels. Optimized bioaerogels are formed when cyt. c is encapsulated from 40 mM phosphate buffered solutions, and when the loaded cyt. c concentration in the aerogel is in the range of 5 to 15 μM. Increased viability of cyt. c in aerogels is also observed when supercritical fluid used to produce aerogels is vented over relatively long times.
Theoretical calculation and experimental study of acousto-optically Q-switched CO_2 laser (2010)

Using resonator inserted with acousto-optically modulator, the experiments of the compacted CO(2) laser were performed with Q-switch. According to various factors that influenced the output of laser, the theoretical calculation of its main parameters was conducted by Q-switched pulsed laser rate equations. Based on the results, the technical route and approach were presented for optimization design of this laser. The measured peak power of this laser device was more than 4000W and pulsed width was 180ns which agreed well with the theoretical calculation. The range of repetition frequency could adjust from 1 Hz to 100 kHz. The theoretical analyzes and experimental results showed that the acoustic traveling time of ultrasonic field could not influence the pulse width of laser so that it did not require inserting optical lens in the cavity to reduce the diameter of beam. The acoustic traveling time only extended the establishingtime of laser pulse. The optimum working frequency of laser is about 1 kHz, which it matched with the radiation life time (1 ms) of CO(2) molecular upper energy level. When the frequency is above 1 kHz, the pulse width of laser increased with the frequency. The full band of wavelength tuning between 9.2 microm and 10.8 microm was obtained by grating selection one by one which the measured spectrum lines were over 30 in the condition of Q-switch.
Zur Bedeutung mittelständischer Unternehmen für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft (1988)

ZusammenfassungDer Begriff der mittelständischen Unternehmung kennzeichnet hier und im folgenden den Gegentyp zur Großunternehmung; er wird daher als Synonym für die kleine und mittlere Unternehmung verwendet.1 Wo man nun genau die Grenze zu den Großunternehmen zieht, ist eine schwierige Frage; sie läßt sich nur getrennt nach Wirtschaftsbereichen (Industrie, Handel, Handwerk usw.) beantworten, wobei jeweils zahlreiche quantitative und qualitative Merkmale herangezogen werden können. Neben Meßziffern wie Mitarbeiterzahl, Umsatzvolumen usw. können für mittelständische Unternehmen im Industriesektor typische Ausprägungen der Organisations- und Rechtsform, des Führungsstils, der Produktionsstruktur sowie der Strukturen und Abläufe in allen anderen Funktionalbereichen festgestellt werden2; je mehr davon im Einzelfall gegeben sind, um so eher handelt es sich dann um ein typisch mittelständisches Unternehmen.
Remote sensing for estimating chlorophyll amount in rice canopies (2002)

The authors examined the feasibility of radiometrical remote sensing for leaf chlorophyll amount of rice canopies under field conditions and applications of this concept to crop conditions related to leaf nitrogen content. They measured spectral reflectance, leaf chlorophyll amount, and leaf nitrogen content of rice canopies at each development state. LANDSAT TM equivalent band set was created by averaging measured spectral reflectance values to the real TM band range. Chlorophyll amount was highly significant in the visible ranged TM equivalent band and in the biband ratios of NIR(TM4) and VIS(TM3, TM2, TM1) region. In addition, leaf chlorophyll amount was closely related to leaf nitrogen content and was applied therefore to estimate the leaf nitrogen content in rice canopies.
Phosphorylation and regulation of glutamate receptors by CaMKII. (2014)

Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is the most abundant kinase within excitatory synapses in the mammalian brain. It interacts with and phosphorylates a large number of synaptic proteins, including major ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), to constitutively and/or activity-dependently regulate trafficking, subsynaptic localization, and function of the receptors. Among iGluRs, the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is a direct target of CaMKII. By directly binding to an intracellular C-terminal (CT) region of NMDAR GluN2B subunits, CaMKII phosphorylates a serine residue (S1303) in the GluN2B CT. CaMKII also phosphorylates a serine site (S831) in the CT of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5- methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptors. This phosphorylation enhances channel conductance and is critical for synaptic plasticity. In addition to iGluRs, CaMKII binds to the proximal CT region of mGluR1a, which enables the kinase to phosphorylate threonine 871. Agonist stimulation of mGluR1a triggers a CaMKII-mediated negative feedback to facilitate endocytosis and desensitization of the receptor. CaMKII also binds to the mGluR5 CT. This binding seems to anchor and accumulate inactive CaMKII at synaptic sites. Active CaMKII dissociates from mGluR5 and may then bind to adjacent GluN2B to mediate the mGluR5-NMDAR coupling. Together, glutamate receptors serve as direct substrates of CaMKII. By phosphorylating these receptors, CaMKII plays a central role in controlling the number and activity of the modified receptors and determining the strength of excitatory synaptic transmission.
New site classification system and design response spectra in Korean seismic code (2018)

A new site classification system and site coefficients based on local site conditions in Korea were developed and implemented as a part of minimum design load requirements for general seismic design. The new site classification system adopted bedrock depth and average shear wave velocity of soil above the bedrock as parameters for site classification. These code provisions were passed through a public hearing process before it was enacted. The public hearing process recommended to modify the naming of site classes and adjust the amplification factors so that the level of short-period amplification is suitable for economical seismic design. In this paper, the new code provisions were assessed using dynamic centrifuge tests and by comparing the design response spectra (DRS) with records from 2016 Gyeongju earthquake, the largest earthquake in history of instrumental seismic observation in Korea. The dynamic centrifuge tests were performed to simulate the representative Korean site conditions, such as shallow depth to bedrock and short-period amplification characteristics, and the results corroborated with the new DRS. The Gyeongju earthquake records also showed good agreement with the DRS. In summary, the new code provisions are reliable for representing the site amplification characteristic of shallow bedrock condition in Korea.
Fe-base alloys in CH<sub>4</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>carburizing gas mixtures (2004)

This study involved cyclic carburization exposures of three Fe-base alloys (310SS, 800HT, and 556) at 800°C in 2% CH4/H2 and at 1,100°C in 10% CH4/H2 carburizing gas mixtures for 500h. Carburization thermodynamics, kinetics, and carburization behavior are discussed. The exposure at 800°C in 2% CH4/H2 was mixed oxidizing/carburizing, but reducing carburizing at 1,100°C in 10% CH4/H2. At 800°C Fe-base alloys suffered external carburization and oxidation, and the external Cr-rich scale layers were continuous consisting of oxides and carbides. Carburization resistance primarily depends on the protection afforded by external continuous layers rather than Ni content. At 1,100°C, extensive external carburization occurred, and external layers became discontinuous consisting of Cr/Fe-carbides or metallic CrFe phases. Carburization resistance depends greatly on Ni (Co) content.
Comparative evaluation of S9788, verapamil, and cyclosporine A in K562 human leukemia cell lines and in P-glycoprotein-expressing samples from patients with hematologic malignancies (1994)

The activity of S9788, recently synthetized as a modulator of multidrug resistance (MDR), was compared with verapamil and cyclosporine A in normal sensitive and MDR K562 cell lines, then in samples from 33 patients with hematological malignancies, using flow cytometry with simultaneous detection of P-glycoprotein and determination of intracellular daunorubicin fluorescence. This technique was compared and correlated with a tritiated daunorubicin accumulation method. In K562 cell lines, S9788 exhibited a significantly higher reversing activity than verapamil and cyclosporine A, and allowed a complete restoration of the accumulation of daunorubicin when used at 5 mumol/L. In the clinical samples, the three compounds were evaluated at equimolar concentration (5 mumol/L) using concomitant exposure to daunorubicin and to the reversing agent. In P-glycoprotein-negative samples, no significant effect on intracellular daunorubicin fluorescence of any of the reversing agents was noted. In the 15 P- glycoprotein-positive samples, a significant increase in daunorubicin fluorescence, by at least one reversing agent, was seen in 10 cases, among which S9788 reversing activity was higher than that of the two other agents in seven cases. Complete reversal was only achieved in one case with S9788.
“Pricing Lookback Options and Dynamic Guarantees”, Hans U. Gerber and Elias S.W. Shiu, January 2003 (2003)

SCOPUS: ar.j
Generation and Analysis of PN Sequence Based on MATLAB (2005)

AbstrcatMATLAB software has been used extensively in many engineering fields due to its strong operation fanction. To expanding or compressing the signal spectrum in spread spectrum system, the signal is generally multipled by a spread spectrum sequence. The character of spread spectrum sequence significantly affects the communication quality. In all PN sequences, m-sequence and Gold-sequence are often used as spread spectrum sequence. In this paper, the brief introduction of the theory, property and constructing means of the two sequences are given first,and the generation and analysis of them by programming with M language in MATLAB are given later. The simulation results show the correctness and feasibility of this method. The simple and intuitive method is convenient for the engineering personnel.
The semantics of questionnaire rating scales (1988)

Abstract Handbooks on questionnaire design generally cover ‘logical’ aspects of question design and statistical approaches to score processing in considerable depth; only rarely, however, do they consider the equally important semantic aspects of the rating scales used. This paper focuses on five main areas: (1) labelling midpoints; (2) the scaling of uncertainty; (3) semantic aspects of unidimensionality; (4) the differential gradability of adjectives; and (5) some limitations of Likert‐type scales. The main conclusion is that, if a questionnaire is to be at all valid, the designer must check the meaning and applicability of each point, or value, on each rating scale to every question asked, however time‐consuming this may in practice prove to be.
Secondary Structure Prediction Using SVM and Clustering (2005)

Protein secondary structure can be used to help determine the tertiary structure via the fold recognition method. Predicting the secondary structure from the protein sequence has attracted the attention of many researchers. Support vector machine (SVM) is a new learning algorithm that has been successfully applied to many prediction problems. However, the algorithm takes a long time to train the prediction model when a large data set is present. It becomes important to revise the method so that the time performance is improved while the accuracy performance is maintained. In this study, we implement a genetic algorithm to cluster the training set before a prediction model is built. Using position specific scoring matrix (PSSM) as part of the input, the hybrid method achieves good performances on sets of 513 nonredundant protein sequences and 294 partially redundant sequences. The results also show that clustering achieves the goal of data preprocessing differently on redundant and nonredundant sets, and it seems almost preferable to cluster the data before prediction is preformed.
Comparison of three methods for detecting epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in plasma DNA samples of Chinese patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. (2011)

Among the three methods for detecting EGFR mutations in plasma DNA samples of patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma, direct gene sequencing had the lowest sensitivity, while Scorpion ARMS showed the highest mutation detecting capability. DHPLC is slightly less sensitive than Scorpion ARMS. EGFR mutations in exons 19 (deletion mutation) and 21 (L858R mutation) predict a longer PFS.
Dietary Supplementation With Nonfermentable Fiber Alters the Gut Microbiota and Confers Protection in Murine Models of Sepsis (2017)

Dietary supplementation with cellulose offers a microbe-mediated survival advantage in murine models of sepsis. Improved understanding of the link between diet, the microbiota, and systemic illness may yield new therapeutic strategies for patients with sepsis.
Modelling Dialogue Systems by Finite Automata (2002)

Based om finite state formalization, this paper deals with the
problem of modeling and automatic programming dialogue systems.
Exploring Query Optimization Techniques in Relational Databases (2013)

In the modern era, digital data is considered as the more valuable asset of an organization, and the organizations assign more significance to it than the software and hardware assets. Database systems are computer-based record keeping systems, which have been developed to store data for efficient retrieval and processing. One particular approach is the relational databases in which all the information is stored in rows and columns in a series of interconnected tables, and a snippet of structured code called query is used to interact with these database tables. Database management involves indexing of data by tagging information based on some common factors and corresponding criteria. Performance of SQL query against a production database eventually becomes an issue sooner or later. The time-intensive queries not only degrade performance of servers and applications by consuming substantial system resources, but can also result in table locking and data corruption. Therefore, query optimization becomes necessary to prevent performance degradation. Query optimization primarily means selection, followed by sequencing in specific order, of the different SQL clauses to formulate an efficient query from the multiple query plans by drawing a comparison of the query plans based on the cost of the resources involved and the response time. The objective of query optimization is to provide minimum response time and maximum throughput (i.e., the efficient use of resources). This paper reviews different query optimization techniques and approaches discussed in the contemporary literature for both centralized and distributed databases. The paper also highlights merits of these techniques by critically analyzing them.
Uliss G, a fully integrated 'all-in-one' and 'all-in-view' inertia-GPS unit (2002)

An eight-channel GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver (500 cm/sup 3/, 0.5 kg, 9 W) has been physically embedded into an existing Uliss inertial system, resulting in a small, light, all-in-one, all-in-view unit functionally optimized through tight coupling of GPS and INS (inertial navigation system) for performance and robustness. Flight tests have been conducted on a Mirage III at the French Official Flight Test Center of Bretigny, and excellent performance has been demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
AUTOMATIC COLLISION DETECTION FOR ASSEMBLY SEQUENCE PLANNING USING A THREE-DIMENSIONAL SOLID MODEL (2011)

Assembly sequence planning of a product involves several steps, including generation of precedence constraints, generation of assembly sequences, and selection of assembly sequences. Generation and selection of assembly sequences should be able to guarantee the feasibility of assembly. Assembly will be feasible if there is no collision between components when assembled. Detection of collision-free path of assembly can be done in an automated way. There are a number of collision detection methods that have been developed, but the method requires a complicated process of data geometry analysis. This paper proposes a method for detecting a collision-free path of the assembly component in a more simple way. Geometrical data required, taken from the three-dimensional (3D) solid drawing in the form of stacked drawing in computer-aided design (CAD) systems. Retrieval of geometrical data of components and detection of the collision-free path of an assembly were done in an automated way, directly from the CAD system.
An Improved Synthesis of 1-β-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine 5′-Phosphate-L-1,2-diacylglycerols (1998)

Abstract 5′-O-MMTr-cytosine arabinoside was prepared on a large scale from 5′-O-MMTr-cytidine with diphenyl carbonate via 5′-protected cytidine-2′,3′-carbonate-aracytidine-2′,2-anhydro derivative at a 67 % yield. The synthesis of 1,2-L-dipalmitoyl-snglycerol, 1,2-L-distearoyl-sn-glycerol and 1,2-L-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol described here using 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (FMOC) group for protection of 3-position of glycerol which can be selectively removed by Et3N treatment on the overall 60–70 % yield based on 1.2,-isopropilidene-sn-glycerol. These glycerols were phosphorylated first with 2-chlorophenyl-phosphoro-bis-triazolide quantitatively1 in order to avoid acyl migration, then the glycerophosphate intermediates were condensed with 2′,3′,N4-trileulinyl-l-β-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine in the presence of 2-mesytilenesulphonyl chloride (MsCl) and 1 -methylimidazole (Melm)-which was used in the coupling of nucleotides2-− in an 85–95 % yield compared with the low yielding diester method of Ryu3. Deblocking was carried out in two steps with tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) and hydrazine hydrate, producing target compouns (14a, 14b, 14c) at a 50 % yield.
Circular BIST with partial scan (2003)

A BIST (built-in self test) methodology that uses the circular BIST technique to perform a random test of sequential logic circuits is presented. The fault coverage obtained using this technique is supplemented by deterministic tests that are presented to the CUT (circuit under test) by configuring the circular path as a partial scan chain. A CAD (computer-aided-design) tool for automating this methodology is described, a variety of heuristics for picking which flip-flops should be included in the circular path are evaluated, and experimental results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Parallel visuomotor processing in the split brain: cortico-subcortical interactions (2000)

We tested nine patients with callosal pathology in a simple reaction time task with and without redundant targets in the same or opposite visual hemifield. Four patients showed large facilitation (redundancy gain) in the presence of a redundant target, exceeding probability summation models (neural summation). Five patients showed redundancy gain not exceeding probability models. Violation of probability models was not associated with a specific type of callosal lesion. Neural summation, which probably occurs at collicular level, may be modulated by cortical activity. To test this hypothesis, we used functional MRI. During detection of redundant simultaneous targets, activations in the extrastriate cortex were observed in a patient with callosal agenesis and redundancy gain violating probability models, but not in a patient with callosal agenesis and redundancy gain not exceeding probability models. We conclude that cortical activity in the extrastriate cortex may be a modulating factor in the magnitude of the redundancy gain during parallel visuomotor transforms.
β-Glucan-Mediated Tumor Immunotherapy - Mechanism of Action and Perspectives (2011)

The beneficial properties of &#946;-glucan in cancer therapy have been recognized for centuries. Their proposed mechanism of action occurs mainly via stimulation of macrophages and priming of neutrophil complement receptor 3 (CR3) for eliciting CR3-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of iC3b-opsonized tumor cells. Recent studies revealed that &#946;-glucans may also promote anti-tumor T cell responses. Thus, &#946;-glucan-mediated tumor immunotherapy may engage both the innate and adaptive anti-tumor immune reponses to restrain tumor progression. In this Chapter, we will describe the mechanism of action of &#946;-glucan in cancer immunotherapy and discuss the available data from current &#946;-glucan clinical trials. The potential challenges for this therapy will be also discussed. It is proposed that a biological response modifer &#946;-glucan can serve as a potent adjuvant to specifically modulate both the innate and adaptive immune cells.
Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha–Loaded Microspheres as a Prospective Novel Treatment for Crohn's Disease Fistulae (2009)

Anti-TNF-α antibody encapsulated into highly porous microspheres was released in a controlled manner and exhibited biological activity against TNF-α. The technique used to produce TIPS microspheres is rapid and provides high encapsulation efficiency. This technique could also be applied to other therapeutic peptides where rapid fabrication and high yields are required.