gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Is a Positive Regulator for the Two Anti-Encephalitogenic Cytokines TGF-β1 and IL-4 (1998)

Abstract Previously we demonstrated that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 blocks the progression of relapsing encephalomyelitis. We now propose that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 blocks these autoimmune symptoms by stimulating the differentiation and/or function of cells that inhibit the encephalitogenic process. To support this belief, we have found that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 administration to mice increases IL-4 transcripts by 3- to 25-fold and TGF-β1 transcripts by 4- to 24-fold. Similarly, IL-4 and TGF-β1 transcripts were higher in the central nervous system of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-treated mice compared with controls. The number of cells recoverable from the lymph nodes of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-treated mice was only 50% that of controls. Overall, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 treatment causes a net loss in the total number of lymphocytes while the number of IL-4 and TGF-β1 transcripts increased. The systemic and local increase in the expression of these two anti-inflammatory cytokines by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 may be responsible for the ability of this drug to block encephalomyelitis.
HEMORRHAGIC SYNDROME IN RATS FED IRRADIATED BEEF. Progress Report No. 6, July 15, 1961-September 1, 1962 (1963)

Progress is reported in studies on the hemorrhagic syn drome observed in rats fed irradiated beef. Various fractions of fresh and irradiated beef and other dietary components were assayed for their content of vitamin K. The chick assay method used for the determination of vitamin K is described. Data are included on the vitamin K content of lipid extract from fresh frozen beef. Amino acids were shown to alleviate vitamin K deficiency, the extracted protein from fresh beef was found to be more hemorrhagenic than that of irradiated beef, and the lipid extract from fresh frozen beef was found to have more vitamin K activity than that from irradiated beef. Squalene, vitamin A, and vitamin A acid were shown to produce effects in the chick similar to those in the rat. Results of preliminary studies in rats indicate that the mechanism of anticoagulant action of squalene may be in the bowel. (C.H.)
Model for end-stage liver disease score in the first 3 weeks after liver transplantation as a predictor for long-term outcome (2015)

In conclusion, early postoperative MELD scores predict outcome after LTX. The postoperative MELD score at POD14 is a good predictor for patient survival and at POD7 for the graft survival after LTX.
Contribution of Lateral Substituents in Symmetrical and Non‐symmetrical Heptane‐bisammonio Compounds to the Allosteric Stabilization of N‐methylscopolamine Binding to Muscarinic M<sub>2</sub> Receptors (2003)

Allosteric modulators are able to enhance or decrease the equilibrium binding of orthosteric agonists or antagonists. The treatment of Alzheimer's disease and the organophosphorus poisoning can take advantage of the enhancement of the ligand binding. Prerequisite is the formation of ternary complexes consisting of the receptor protein, the orthosteric ligand, e. g. N-methylscopolamine (NMS), and the alloster optimized for the corresponding orthoster. In this study, heptane-bisammonio compounds were optimized with regard to the orthosteric antagonist NMS. Comparing pairs of compounds characterized by phthalimides, cyclohexanedicarbonic acid imide and succinimides at both ends or a phthalimide at one end and either of the three imides at the other end stressed the importance of an aromatic moiety at both ends of the heptane-bisammonio chain.
Environmentally-Benign Oxidizers for Propulsion (2009)

Abstract : This program was a Phase II Small Business Technology Transfer Program (STTR) contract with the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Contract FA9550-07-C-0105). It was carried out by Science & Technology Applications, LLC as the Small Business and the University of Southern California as the Academic Institution. The goal of this proposal was the identification, synthesis and characterization of novel compounds which can serve as a nontoxic replacement for ammonium perchlorate (AP). The program has been highly successful. Two promising target compounds, the ammonium salts of the tetranitroborate and the tetrakis (3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazoIyl)borate anion, B(DNT)4-, were identified as excellent candidates for replacing AP. Umpolung reactions were studied as a possible synthetic route towards the tetranitroborate anion, several suitable B(NX)4- skeletons were synthesized and characterized. The most impressive progress was made in the area of B(DNT)4- chemistry. The B(DNT)4- anion was successfully synthesized and characterized. It has good thermal stability, is hydrolytically stable, is insensitive, and the predicted performance of its ammonium salt is slightly higher than that of AP.
Low-energy electron diffraction from quasicrystal surfaces (2003)

The discovery of ordered but aperiodic quasicrystal structures has required the development of new diffraction methods to determine their structures. The purpose of this review is to highlight the challenges posed by the aperiodicity of quasicrystals to the study of their surface structures by low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). This paper describes how the LEED technique has been thus far adapted to study several quasiperiodic surface structures, and summarizes the results of those studies. It also presents new spot-profile-analysis LEED results from the fivefold surface of Al–Pd–Mn. An x-ray diffraction experiment and a He-atom diffraction experiment, both on Al–Pd–Mn, are also described for comparison.
Conformational study on proline-containing tripeptides of ribonuclease T1 (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConformational study on proline-containing tripeptides of ribonuclease T1Young Ah Shin, Seong Jun Han, and Young Kee KangCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 36, 9248–9258Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/j100138a029Request reuse permissionsArticle Views70Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Supporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The role of superconductivity and cryogenics in the neutrino factory - eScholarship (2001)

LBNL-48444 SCMAG-748 THE ROLE OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND CRYOGENICS IN THE NEUTRINO FACTORY M . A . Green , E. L . Black , R. C. Gupta , M . A . Iarocci , V. Lebedev , J. R. Miller , R. B. Palmer , H. S. Padamsee , B. L Parker , S. Prestemon , and R. J. Weggel e c f C c b c c d a. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley C A 94720, U S A b. Fermi National Laboratory, Batavia IL 60510, U S A c. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton N Y 11973, U S A d. Jefferson Lab, Newport News V A 23606, U S A e. National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee F L 32310, U S A f. Cornell University, Ithica N Y 14853, U S A ABSTRACT The proposed neutrino factory will produce a defined beam of neutrinos from the decay of muons in a storage ring[1,2,3]. The storage ring will be oriented so that the neutrinos can be detected at one or more detectors several thousand kilometers from the storage ring. This report presents an overview of the proposed neutrino factory and its subsystems that use cryogenics. Superconducting magnets will be used in the following ways in the neutrino factory; 1) the outsert solenoid for the 20 T pion capture system, 2) the decay channel where pions decay to muons, 3) the muon phase rotation system, 4) the muon cooling system, 5) focusing during the first stage of muon acceleration, 6) bending and focusing magnets in the re-circulating linac accelerator and 7) bending and focusing magnets in the muon storage ring where the neutrino beams are generated. Low temperature superconducting R F cavities will be used to accelerate the muons from about 200 M e V to 20 GeV. The muon cooling system uses liquid hydrogen absorbers at 20 K to reduce the emittance of the muon beam before it is accelerated to full energy. THE PION CAPTURE SOLENOID The capture solenoid is a hybrid magnet that develops an induction of 20 T around a mercury jet target[4]. The clear bore of this solenoid is 150 mm. The solenoid can capture pions with a transverse momentum up to 225 MeV/c. The hybrid solenoid consists of three water- cooled copper coils that are within a large cable in conduit superconducting (CICC) solenoid made from a niobium tin conductor. At one end of the water-cooled copper coils is a plug of cobalt-iron what enhances the magnetic induction at the target and makes the field more uniform in that region. Figure 1 shows the location of the pole with respect to the water-cooled copper coils and the superconducting coils surrounding the conventional
Rotational Bed Therapy to Prevent and Treat Respiratory Complications: A Review and Meta-Analysis (2007)

Rotational therapy may be useful for preventing and treating respiratory complications in selected critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation.
Identification of Plakortide E from the Caribbean Sponge Plakortis halichondroides as a Trypanocidal Protease Inhibitor using Bioactivity-Guided Fractionation (2014)

In this paper, we report new protease inhibitory activity of plakortide E towards cathepsins and cathepsin-like parasitic proteases. We further report on its anti-parasitic activity against Trypanosoma brucei with an IC₅₀ value of 5 μM and without cytotoxic effects against J774.1 macrophages at 100 μM concentration. Plakortide E was isolated from the sponge Plakortis halichondroides using enzyme assay-guided fractionation and identified by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Furthermore, enzyme kinetic studies confirmed plakortide E as a non-competitive, slowly-binding, reversible inhibitor of rhodesain.
Dual effects of organic solvents on chloroplast phosphoribulokinase and NADP‐glyceraldehyde‐3‐P dehydrogenase (1985)

Organic solvents miscible in water (cosolvents) exerted a dual effect on the activation stage of two thioredoxin‐linked enzymes of the reductive pentose phosphate cycle, phosphoribulokinase and NADP‐glyceraldehyde‐3‐P dehydrogenase, both from spinach chloroplast; the enzyme specific activity was stimulated and inhibited by low and high concentrations of alcohols, respectively. On the contrary, cosolvents inhibited the catalytic process. In the stimulation of phosphoribulokinase activation, organic solvents reduced the requirement for thioredoxin‐f and changed the thiol specificity, so that monothiols became functional. The cosolvent‐mediated enhancement of NADP‐glyceraldehyde‐3‐P dehydrogenase was obtained in the absence of modulators. With both enzymes, the concentration of the organic solvents required for activation was inversely proportional to its hydrophobicity (1‐butanol < 1‐propanol < 2‐propanol < ethanol). The present results demonstrate the participation of a new component, the enzyme microenvironment, in the regulation of thioredoxin‐linked chloroplast enzymes.
Errata (Editorial) List for An Introduction to Derivative Securities, Financial Markets, and Risk Management (2013)

Errata (Editorial) for a published book by the authors: An Introduction to Derivative Securities, Financial Markets, and Risk Management (2013, 1st edition)
A rat model of complete atrioventricular block recapitulates clinical indices of bradycardia and provides a platform to test disease-modifying therapies (2019)

Complete atrioventricular block (CAVB) is a life-threatening arrhythmia. A small animal model of chronic CAVB that properly reflects clinical indices of bradycardia would accelerate the understanding of disease progression and pathophysiology, and the development of therapeutic strategies. We sought to develop a surgical model of CAVB in adult rats, which could recapitulate structural remodeling and arrhythmogenicity expected in chronic CAVB. Upon right thoracotomy, we delivered electrosurgical energy subepicardially via a thin needle into the atrioventricular node (AVN) region of adult rats to create complete AV block. The chronic CAVB animals developed dilated and hypertrophied ventricles with preserved systolic functions due to compensatory hemodynamic remodeling. Ventricular tachyarrhythmias, which are difficult to induce in the healthy rodent heart, could be induced upon programmed electrical stimulation in chronic CAVB rats and worsened when combined with β-adrenergic stimulation. Focal somatic gene transfer of TBX18 to the left ventricular apex in the CAVB rats resulted in ectopic ventricular beats within days, achieving a de novo ventricular rate faster than the slow atrioventricular (AV) junctional escape rhythm observed in control CAVB animals. The model offers new opportunities to test therapeutic approaches to treat chronic and severe CAVB which have previously only been testable in large animal models.
On the Consistency of a Physical Mapping Method to Reconstruct a Chromosome <i>in Vitro</i> (1996)

During recent years considerable effort has been invested in creating physical maps for a variety of organisms as part of the Human Genome Project and in creating various methods for physical mapping. The statistical consistency of a physical mapping method to reconstruct a chromosome, however, has not been investigated. In this paper, we first establish that a model of physical mapping by binary fingerprinting of DNA fragments is identifiable using the key assumption-for a large randomly generated recombinant DNA library, there exists a staircase of DNA fragments across the chromosomal region of interest. Then we briefly introduce epi-convergence theory of variational analysis and transform the physical mapping problem into a constrained stochastic optimization problem. By doing so, we prove epi-convergence of the physical mapping model and epi-convergence of the physical mapping method. Combining the identifiability of our physical mapping model and the epi-convergence of a physical mapping method, finally we establish strong consistency of a physical mapping method.
Gyrokinetic Simulations of Tokamak Microturbulence (2001)

Gyrokinetic simulations of ITG (  ) and ETG ( ) turbulence are presented. Comparisons of toroidal turbulence in these two limits provide insights into the dynamics of streamers and zonal flows. We address the generation of zonal flows by secondary instabilities and the regulation of zonal flows by collisionless tertiary instabilities. We present the first toroidal electromagnetic gyrokinetic simulations of small scale turbulence, and gyrofluid models which explain two important gyrokinetic results: (1) Near marginal stability of the linear ITG mode, the turbulence can generate zonal flows that are sufficiently weak to remain stable but sufficiently strong to suppress the linear ITG mode. This stable region corresponds to the parameter regime of the nonlinear Dimits shift. (2) “Long” wavelength ( ) ETG turbulence drives experimentally relevant thermal transport, because the secondary modes that produce saturation become weak. Finally, preliminary comparisons of simulations with experimental data are described.
A Generalized Mechanistic Kinetic Model for the Hydroisomerization and Hydrocracking of Long-Chain Paraffins (2006)

A mechanistic kinetic model has been developed for the three-phase hydroisomerization and hydrocracking of long-chain paraffins in which rate-determining steps are assumed to occur on both acid and metal sites of the bifunctional catalyst. The frequency factors for the acid site elementary steps are modeled using the single-event concept and the corresponding activation energies using the Evans−Polanyi relationship. The rate coefficients for the dehydrogenation reactions on the metal sites of the catalyst are classified into five different classes depending on the nature (i.e., primary, secondary, or tertiary) of the carbon atoms forming the double bond. The model contains 14 independent parameters for the hydroisomerization and hydrocracking of heavy paraffins. These parameters are estimated from experimental data on the three-phase isothermal hydrocracking of n-hexadecane in a tubular reactor. A number of reactor simulations have been performed for various operating conditions and hydrocarbons of different chain lengths. The effect of the relative metal to acid activity of the catalyst on the isomerization and cracking selectivities and on the carbon number distribution of the products is discussed in detail.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (2017)

Among this selected cohort of 105 patients implanted with venoarterial-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for acute decompensated heart failure, 1-year survival was 42%, but better for patients with pre-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores of less than 11. Venoarterial-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation should be considered for patients with acute decompensated heart failure, but timing of implantation is crucial.
Human error quantification using performance shaping factors in the SPAR-H method (2008)

This paper describes a cognitively based human reliability analysis (HRA) quantification technique for estimating the human error probabilities (HEPs) associated with operator and crew actions at nuclear power plants.The method described here, Standardized Plant Analysis Risk-Human Reliability Analysis (SPAR-H) method, was developed to aid in characterizing and quantifying human performance at nuclear power plants.The intent was to develop a defensible method that would consider all factors that may influence performance.In the SPAR-H approach, calculation of HEP rates is especially straightforward, starting with pre-defined nominal error rates for cognitive vs. action-oriented tasks, and incorporating performance shaping factor multipliers upon those nominal error rates.
Cancer Vaccines, Adjuvants, and Delivery Systems (2021)

Vaccination was first pioneered in the 18th century by Edward Jenner and eventually led to the development of the smallpox vaccine and subsequently the eradication of smallpox. The impact of vaccination to prevent infectious diseases has been outstanding with many infections being prevented and a significant decrease in mortality worldwide. Cancer vaccines aim to clear active disease instead of aiming to prevent disease, the only exception being the recently approved vaccine that prevents cancers caused by the Human Papillomavirus. The development of therapeutic cancer vaccines has been disappointing with many early cancer vaccines that showed promise in preclinical models often failing to translate into efficacy in the clinic. In this review we provide an overview of the current vaccine platforms, adjuvants and delivery systems that are currently being investigated or have been approved. With the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors, we also review the potential of these to be used with cancer vaccines to improve efficacy and help to overcome the immune suppressive tumor microenvironment.
Synthesis, structure, and isomerisation of triruthenium and triosmium clusters derived from 3-dimethylaminoprop-1-yne; X-ray crystal structure of [Ru<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>H(CO)<sub>9</sub>(Me<sub>2</sub>N<sup>+</sup>C–CCH<sub>2</sub>)] (1984)

Both [Ru3(CO)12] and [Os3(CO)12] react with 3-dimethylaminoprop-1-yne (HCCCH2NMe2) to give fairly low yields of the compounds [M3H(CO)9(Me2NCCCH2)](M = Ru or Os), apparently derived by oxidative addition with cleavage of the terminal C–H bond and a 1,3 shift of the NMe2 group. Crystals of [Ru3H(CO)9(Me2NCCCH2)] are monoclinic, space group P21/n with Z= 4 and cell dimensions a= 13.067(2), b= 10.398(2), c= 15.544(2)Å, and β= 112.78(2)° the X-ray structure was refined to R= 0.019 8 for 3 138 observed reflections. The µ3 ligand is not bound like the µ3-allenyl ligand in [Ru3H(CO)9(µ3-EtCCCHMe)] but extensive π donation from the NMe2 group modifies the ligand-to-metal bonding and makes a zwitterionic description [Ru3–H(CO)9(Me2N+C–CCH2)] more realistic. In spite of the different bonding, the terminal CH2 protons of the triruthenium compound exchange (n.m.r. coalescence), corresponding to the methyl exchange previously observed for [Ru3H(CO)9-(µ3-MeCCCMe2)]. The triruthenium compound much less readily undergoes a hydrogen-atom shift observed generally for compounds of type [Ru3H(CO)9(R1CCCHR2)], being stable up to at least 140 °C. However, a PPh3-catalysed shift is observed at 55 °C to give [Ru3H(CO)9(Me2NCCHCH)] as well as the substitution product [Ru3H(CO)8(PPh3)(Me2NCCCH2)].
Effect of Elevated Temperature Tensile Testing of AF1410 Steel (1991)

The effect of thermal and mechanical transients on the material properties of AF1410 steel for applications in large caliber ballistic weapons was investigated. The Gleeble Model 1500 thermomechanical simulation device was used for the evaluation of elevated-temperature mechanical properties and simulated firing cycles. The tensile properties and the age-hardening response were measured, as a function of temperature, for one heat of AF1410 steel. The results of the investigation showed that the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and true fracture stress decreased linearly with increasing temperature, up to 800 F. Young's modulus decreased with increasing temperature, while Poisson's ratio remained unchanged. The material exhibited stress relaxation at elevated temperatures, but not at room temperature, when loaded to 80% of its yield strength. It was found that the yield strength increased when the material had been previously aged at the same temperature.
DAG inlining: a decision procedure for reachability-modulo-theories in hierarchical programs (2015)

A hierarchical program is one with multiple procedures but no loops or recursion. This paper studies the problem of deciding reachability queries in hierarchical programs where individual statements can be encoded in a decidable logic (say in SMT). This problem is fundamental to verification and most directly applicable to doing bounded reachability in programs, i.e., reachability under a bound on the number of loop iterations and recursive calls. The usual method of deciding reachability in hierarchical programs is to first inline all procedures and then do reachability on the resulting single-procedure program. Such inlining unfolds the call graph of the program to a tree and may lead to an exponential increase in the size of the program. We design and evaluate a method called DAG inlining that unfolds the call graph to a directed acyclic graph (DAG) instead of a tree by sharing the bodies of procedures at certain points during inlining. DAG inlining can produce much more compact representations than tree inlining. Empirically, we show that it leads to significant improvements in the running time of a state-of-the-art verifier.