gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sulfur Dioxide Removal and Recovery from Pulp Mill Power Plants (1967)

The use of soda ash liquor to scrub SO2 rich power plant flue gases was studied using an Airetron pilot scrubber with a maximum capacity of 3000 cfm. The relative effects of the major operating variables— temperature, soda ash concentration, and the gas/liquid flow ratio—on the absorption phenomenon were determined. Orthogonal factorial experiments were used to derive a response function relating mass transfer values to operating variables. The economics of a full scale NSSC installation are discussed.
Ammonia Production as a Virulence Expression by <i>Mycoplasma salivarium</i> (1990)

Rabbits were inoculated intracutaneously with M. salivarium (ATCC 23064) cells. The size of the resulting swelling was significantly larger in 1) the sites inoculated with viable cells (7.5 x 10(9) CFU) suspended in a medium with arginine (arginine medium) than in those inoculated with killed cells, and in 2) those inoculated with cells suspended in arginine medium than with cells suspended in arginine-free medium. The swelling was enhanced when rabbits had previously been immunized with the organism. This effect was concluded to be due to ammonia which the organism produced by the hydrolysis of arginine through the arginine-dihydrolase pathway.
Structure-based drug design of catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors for CNS disorders (2013)

Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is of great importance in pharmacology because it catalyzes the metabolism (methylation) of endogenous and xenobiotic catechols. Moreover, inhibition of COMT is the drug target in the management of central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as Parkinson's disease due to its role in regulation of the dopamine level in the brain. The X-ray crystal structures for COMT have been available since 1994. The active sites for cofactor and substrate/inhibitor binding are well resolved to an atomic level, providing valuable insights into the catalytic mechanisms as well as the role of magnesium ions in catalysis. Determination of how the substrates/inhibitors bind to the protein leads to a structure-based approach that has resulted in potent and selective inhibitors. This review focuses on the design of two types of inhibitors (nitrocatechol-type and bisubstrate inhibitors) for COMT using the protein structures.
Towards the Creation of Story Sharing Network of Research Supervisors (2011)

The function of the supervisor is therefore significant in the entire research endeavour; and it has beenargued that a major cause of failure to complete postgraduate degree is due to inadequate supervision(Welford, 2008). Recent investigations conducted in the USA by the Council of Graduate Schoolsrevealed that mentoring/advising is the second highest (65%) factor contributing to respondents’ PhDcompletion; second only to financial support (80%) (Kirby, Sowell, Bell, & Naftel, 2009). The central rolethat supervisors play in students’ postgraduate expertise makes it necessary for supervisors to usetheir ability, knowledge, and the experiences of their colleagues to provide students the bestsupervision necessary.
Electrical Properties and Stability of Supersaturated Phosphorus‐Doped Silicon Layers (1981)

Supersaturated solutions of phosphorus in silicon were obtained by ion implantation and pulsed ruby laser annealing. The dependence of electron mobility and electrical resistivity on carrier density was accurately determined by Hall effect and resistivity measurements. Maximum dopant concentration was , corresponding to a resistivity of 110 μΩ · cm and to an electron mobility of 11 cm2/V · sec. The stability of these alloys was analyzed by isochronal and isothermal annealing. In the more heavily doped samples a remarkable deactivation of the dopant was verified also for thermal treatments of 1 hr at 300°C. TEM examinations showed a large amount of precipitates with density and size depending on supersaturation. Finally it was observed that the electron mobility depends only on the carrier density and is unaffected by the electrically inactive phosphorus, even when present at very high concentrations.
SAIPA tax moves under the wing of CoTE (2013)

Dear Members,
In the first quarter of 2013, SAIPA announced the split off of our professional journals, into an electroniconly version as part of our 'going green' campaign. The Tax Professional journal has been moved into the online domain.
Co-operative and competitive hydrogen bonding in sucrose determined by SIMPLE 1H n.m.r. spectroscopy (1985)

SIMPLE1H n.m.r. measurements of isotope-shifted resonance for hydroxy groups in sucrose show that hydrogen bonding in solution is different from that observed in the solid state viz. there are two inter-residue hydrogen bonds in competition for one acceptor group (i.e. OH1′⋯ O2 vs.OH3′⋯ O2) and an intramolecular hydrogen-bond network that is nucleated by the inter-residue hydrogen bonds.
Recombinant canstatin inhibits angiopoietin‐1‐induced angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis (2011)

Abstract We describe the effect of recombinant canstatin, the NC1 domain of the α2 chain of Type IV collagen, on suppression of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo . Recombinant canstatin produced from stably transformed Drosophila S2 cells reduced the expression of angiopoietin‐1 in hypoxia mimetic agent, CoCl 2 ‐treated CT‐26 cells. Recombinant canstatin inhibited proliferation, tube formation and migration of human angiopoietin‐1 (rhAngpt‐1)‐treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC). Recombinant canstatin suppressed the expression of Tie‐2 and vascular endothelial growth factor‐3 (VEGFR‐3) transcripts in rhAngpt‐1‐treated HUVEC and LEC, respectively. The inhibitory effect of recombinant canstatin on tumor growth was also investigated using a heterotopic CT‐26 colon carcinoma animal (BALB/c mice) model. Recombinant canstatin reduced the final volume and weight of tumors, and blood and lymphatic vessel densities of tumors, which were evaluated by CD‐31 and LYVE‐1 immunostaining. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that recombinant canstatin dramatically reduced the expression of angiopoietin‐1 in CT‐26 colon carcinoma‐induced tumor, but not the expression of VEGF‐C. Tie‐2 and VEGFR‐3 expressions were also reduced in recombinant canstatin‐treated tumors. These results indicate that recombinant canstatin has anti‐tumoral activities against CT‐26 colon carcinoma cells. Recombinant canstatin reduces the expression of angiopoietin‐1 in hypoxia‐induced CT‐26 cells and inhibits the angiogenic and lymphangiogenic signaling induced by angiopoietin‐1. Recombinant canstatin probably inhibits angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis via suppression of the integrin‐dependent FAK signaling induced by angiopoietin‐1/Tie‐2 and/or VEGFR‐3.
Pathophysiology of Neurodegeneration in Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2009)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the motor neurons in the spinal cord, brainstem, and motor cortex. Ten percent of ALS cases are familial, with both autosomal dominant and recessive modes of inheritance reported. Mutations in the copper/zinc superoxide-dismutase-1 (SOD-1) gene, the first gene linked with ALS, result in the classical ALS phenotype. To date, 135 mutations have been identified in the SOD-1 gene, accounting for approximately 20% of familial ALS cases. Mutations are widely distributed throughout the gene with preponderance for exon 4 and 5. Although mutations result in a toxic gain of function of the SOD-1 enzyme, which normally functions as a free radical scavenger, the mechanisms underlying motor neuron degeneration have not been clearly elucidated. Evidence is emerging of a complex interaction between genetic and molecular factors, with resultant damage of critical target proteins and organelles within the motor neuron. The clinical effectiveness afforded by anti-glutamatergic agents such as riluzole, suggests that glutamate excitotoxicity contributes to neurodegeneration in ALS, with glutamate excitotoxicity mediated via corticomotoneurons that provide a direct link between the motor cortex and the spinal motor neuron. This review provides an overview of the genetics of ALS, and describes recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration.
Understanding the folding of GFP using biophysical techniques (2006)

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its many variants are probably the most widely used proteins in medical and biological research, having been extensively engineered to act as markers of gene expression and protein localization, indicators of protein-protein interactions and biosensors. GFP first folds, before it can undergo an autocatalytic cyclization and oxidation reaction to form the chromophore, and in many applications the folding efficiency of GFP is known to limit its use. Here, we review the recent literature on protein engineering studies that have improved the folding properties of GFP. In addition, we discuss in detail the biophysical work on the folding of GFP that is beginning to reveal how this large and complex structure forms.
Designing gestural interfaces (2009)

If you want to get started in new era of interaction design, this is the reference you need. Touch screens on mobile devices and ATMs let us manipulate things onscreen with our but there's been no central source of information about gestural interface technology - until now. Designing Gestural Interfaces provides you with essential information about kinesiology, sensors, ergonomics, physical computing, touchscreen technology, and new interface patterns: all you need to know to augment your existing skills in 'traditional' websites, software, or physical products. Packed with informative illustrations and photos, this book helps you: learn the process of designing gestural interfaces, from documentation to prototyping to communicating to the audience what the product does; get an overview of technologies surrounding touch screens and interactive environments; examine current patterns and trends in touchscreen and gestural design; learn about the techniques used by practicing designers and developers today; see how other designers have solved interface challenges in the past; and, look at future trends in this rapidly evolving field. Only half a dozen years ago, the gestural interfaces introduced in the film Minority Report were science fiction. Now, because of technological, social, and market forces, we see similar interfaces deployed everywhere. Designing Gestural Interfaces will help you enter this new world of possibilities.
On the calculation of Jacobian matrices by the Markowitz rule (1991)

Abstract. The evaluation of derivative vectors can be performed with optimal computa-tional complexity by the forward or reverse mode of automatic dierentiation. This ap-proach may be applied to evaluate rst and higher derivatives of any vector function that is de ned as the composition of easily dierentiated elementary functions, typically in the form of a computer program. The more general task of eciently evaluating Jacobians or other derivative matrices leads to a combinatorial optimization problem, which is conjectured to be NP-hard. Here, we examine this vertex elimination problem and solve it approximately, using a greedy heuristic. Numerical experiments show the resulting Markowitz scheme for Jacobian evaluation to be more ecient than column by column or row by row evaluation using the forward or the reverse mode, respectively. 1 Basic Setting and Assumptions. Most nonlinear vector functions of practical interest are evaluated by computer programs in a high-level computer language such as Fortran or C. Conceptually, the execution of any such evaluation program can be viewed as a sequence of scalar assignments v j
Subcellular Distribution of Mitochondrial Ribosomal RNA in the Mouse Oocyte and Zygote (2007)

Mitochondrial ribosomal RNAs (mtrRNAs) have been reported to translocate extra-mitochondrially and localize to the germ cell determinant of oocytes and zygotes in some metazoa except mammals. To address whether the mtrRNAs also localize in the mammals, expression and distribution of mitochondrion-encoded RNAs in the mouse oocytes and zygotes was examined by whole-mount in situ hybridization (ISH). Both 12S and 16S rRNAs were predominantly distributed in the animal hemisphere of the mature oocyte. This distribution pattern was rearranged toward the second polar body in zygotes after fertilization. The amount of mtrRNAs decreased around first cleavage, remained low during second cleavage and increased after third cleavage. Staining intensity of the 12S rRNA was weaker than that of the 16S rRNA throughout the examined stages. Similar distribution dynamics of the 16S rRNA was observed in strontium-activated haploid parthenotes, suggesting the distribution rearrangement does not require a component from sperm. The distribution of 16S rRNAs did not coincide with that of mitochondrion-specific heat shock protein 70, suggesting that the mtrRNA is translocated from mitochondria. The ISH-scanning electron microscopy confirms the extra-mitochondrial mtrRNA in the mouse oocyte. Chloramphenicol (CP) treatment of late pronuclear stage zygotes perturbed first cleavage as judged by the greater than normal disparity in size of blastomeres of 2-cell conceptuses. Two-third of the CP-treated zygotes arrested at either 2-cell or 3-cell stage even after the CP was washed out. These findings indicate that the extra-mitochondrial mtrRNAs are localized in the mouse oocyte and implicated in correct cytoplasmic segregation into blastomeres through cleavages of the zygote.
Novel on-chip Through-Silicon-Via Wilkinson power divider (2010)

On-chip Wilkinson power dividers are used in MMW circuit designs such as phased array antenna systems. This paper presents a novel on-chip MMW Through-Silicon-Via (TSV) Wilkinson power divider. HFSS simulations of the TSV Wilkinson power divider in a 130 nm BiCMOS technology revealed insertion loss per λ/4 “arm” of 0.9 dB at 60 GHz with both return loss and isolation better than 18 dB at 60 GHz and good matching in both signal phase and amplitude at the two outputs.
Removal of Trihalomethane Precursors From Surface Waters Using Weak Base Resins (1979)

The scavenging process described here proved to be approximately 75 percent effective in reducing the chloroform potential of Meuse River water; the corresponding reduction in total trihalomethane potential was about 65 percent.
Type III secretion by <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> does not require contact with a eukaryotic host (1999)

The type III secretion system encoded by pathogenicity island I in Salmonella typhimurium delivers proteins to the external milieu and into the eukaryotic host cell. The principal factor in induction of the secretion system was found to be a change in the pH of the culture medium from acidic to mildly alkaline. The synthesis of components of the secretion machinery and the production and secretion of substrates occur simultaneously and do not require contact with a eukaryotic host cell. This argues against the concept that type III secretion in S. typhimurium is a process in which the delivery of a presynthesized pool of substrates is triggered by contact with a eukaryotic host cell.
Temperature dependence of rare-earth orthoferrite properties relevant to propagating domain device applications (1969)

The behavior of stable cylindrical domains, under variations in temperature, has been studied in a number of the rare-earth orthoferrites from the point of view of the need for temperature control when these materials are used in propagating domain devices. Fractional changes in domain diameter from -0.60 percent/°K in YFeO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> to -2.71 percent/°K in a mixed orthoferrite, Sm <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.55</inf> Tb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.45</inf> FeO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> have been observed at 300°K. The mixed orthoferrites in which the region of reorientation of the magnetization is near room temperature provide domain diameters of 25 μm or less, making possible a high bit density. However, rapidly varying wall energy in this region leads to a substantial temperature dependence of domain size. In the YFeO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> , the wall energy is almost constant from 77 to 350°K.
Wetting and anti-wetting on aligned carbon nanotube films (2006)

This review covers recent advances in the wettability of aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNT). Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are inherently somewhat hydrophilic, with a water contact angle of less than 86°. When they are arranged in a textured manner on substrates having different surface topographies, different wettabilities are exhibited. These range from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, and even superhydrophobic, and with isotropic to anisotropic contact angle (CA) hysteresis. If chemical modification is involved, the wettability can be adjusted from superhydrophobic to superhydrophilic on a certain structured ACNTs. Here, we first examine the structural influence of isotropic roughness on this effect (including nano-structures and hierarchical structures), where isotropic wetting (including wetting and anti-wetting) is observed. Water can wet the nano-structured CNT alignment, resulting in self-assembly; on the other hand, superhydrophobicity is durable on hierarchical and chemically-modified nano-structured alignments. Secondly, the effects of anisotropic roughness on wetting behavior are discussed. Finally, we suggest the remaining challenges in the field, and several practical applications of ACNT possessing special wettability.
Perfluoropolyalkylether lubricants under boundary conditions: Iron catalysis of lubricant degradation (1989)

Abstract Perfluoropolyalkylether (PFPAE) oils and oil‐based greases exhibit signifcant degradation under boundary lubrication conditions. In the absence of significant concentrations of oxygen, as in the case of spacecraft orbital environments, the degradation mechanism consists of two steps: (1) the initial reaction of the PFPAE molecules with freshly exposed iron to form the Lewis acid, FeF 3 , followed by (2) the reaction of the FeF 3 with unreacted PFPAE molecules, which results in the cleavage of the etherate linkages. The result is an autocatalytic degradation that takes place at temperatures below the onset of thermal decomposition. This mechanistic hypothesis is supported by the following experimental results: (1) The reaction of PFPAE with FeF 3 has been shown to give rise to fluorinated‐ketone and acid fluoride ether‐cleavage products that are more reactive than the parent PFPAE molecules and have lower molecular weights and thus poorer lubricating ability. (2) FeF x compounds are formed in the wear tracks of wear‐test components under boundary lubrication conditions. On the basis of these experimental results, poor performance can be predicted for PFPAE oils under conditions in which high temperatures (approximately 350 °C) and freshly exposed metal surfaces are present (i.e., the conditions of boundary lubrication). This prediction is corroborated through wear tests in which the performance of PFPAE is compared to the performance of commercial petroleum‐based and synthetic‐ hydrocarbon lubricants to which lead naphthenate or antimony dialkyldithiocarbamate have been added. The test results confirm the well‐known fact that the antiwear additives are very important to prolonged wear life under boundary lubrication conditions. In addition, the results show that, compared to the other lubricants tested, the PFPAE lubricants do not demonstrate adequate lubrication pevormance. Both the PFPAE degradation mechanism and the fact that soluble antiwear additives are not currently available imply that PFPAE lubricants are not currently suitable for applications in which boundary lubrication conditions exist, especially when high loads are involved.
Pearling and arching instabilities of a granular suspension on a super-absorbing surface (2014)

We show that a granular suspension, composed of particles immersed in a liquid, can form pearls, hooks, and arches when deposited from a nozzle onto a translating substrate that acts as a liquid super-absorber. The removal of the liquid induces a rapid pinning of the contact line leading to mechanically stable structures that are held together by capillary adhesion with shapes that depend on the relative solidification rate. Pearls or hooks form depending on whether the suspension snaps off before or after coming into contact with the substrate. A cylindrical thread with a near circular cross-section and various undulatory structures forms if solidification occurs prior to snap-off. In particular, when the jet solidifies before coming into contact with the substrate, it folds periodically, resulting in arches with a span length determined by the deposition flux and the substrate speed. Period doubling and meandering are observed leading to further structures with vertical and horizontal ripples when the deposition flux is increased.
Human macrophage colony-stimulating factor is expressed at and shed from the cell surface (1994)

Surface membrane-associated growth factors are being recognized as important for developmental processes, including cell assembly, differentiation, and growth. To investigate the role of membrane-bound macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) in myelopoiesis, and whether this factor is released from the cell surface in association with shed membrane-derived vesicles, COS-1 cells were transfected with cDNAs for M-CSF-tau (containing the transmembrane domain) or a soluble mutant form of the molecule lacking the transmembrane domain ([s]M-CSF- alpha). COS-1 cells transfected with either cDNA released activity into the spent culture medium. Conditioned medium was separated by centrifugation into supernatants and pellets were found to contain plasma membrane-derived vesicles by transmission electron microscopy. When medium fractions were assayed in marrow cultures, activity was localized to shed plasma membrane-derived vesicles in medium conditioned by cells transfected with cDNA for M-CSF-tau and in the vesicle-free supernatants of medium conditioned by cells transfected with cDNA for [s]M-CSF-alpha. In addition, nuclear, mitochondrial, and plasma membrane subfractions of stably transfected cells were prepared and assayed for activity. Concentration-dependent stimulation of macrophage colony formation was observed with purified plasma membranes (but not nuclear or cytosolic proteins) from cells transfected with cDNA for M-CSF-tau. By contrast, membranes from untransfected cells and cells transfected with cDNA for [s]M-CSF-alpha or control DNA expressed no activity. Together, the data indicate that human M-CSF is expressed at the cell surface and exfoliated in association with surface membrane- derived vesicles.
THE OESTROGENIC ACTIVITY OF POMEGRANATE SEED OIL (1964)

In view of the widespread use of pomegranate seeds for therapeutic purposes it was decided to study the oestrogenic activity of pomegranate seed oil, which has not been investigated previously. The oestrogenic effect of the oil was tested in immature rabbits by the uterine weight method and in ovariectomized mice by the vaginal smear technique. The results were evaluated by the method of Robson (1938). Immature rabbits were injected with the pomegranate seed oil daily for 10 days, killed without anaesthesia and their uteri weighed. Mature albino mice, weighing about 35g. were ovariectomized, injected with the oil in the morning and evening of two consecutive days. Four smears were taken: the first in the evening of the day after the last injection, the second and third in the morning and evening of the day after, and the 4th in the morning of the following day. Smears were regarded as positive