gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intra-operative cell salvage: a fresh look at the indications and contraindications. (2011)

Numerous approaches are used to avoid transfusion of allogeneic blood. Primary methods include, but are not limited to, erythropoietin and iron supplementation, pre-operative autologous donation, acute normovolaemic haemodilution, haemoglobin-based blood substitutes and infusible oxygen-carrying fluids, and the use of cell salvage systems. While currently unavailable in North America and Europe because of an increased risk of myocardial infarction and death1,2, research continues in the areas of haemoglobin-based blood substitutes and infusible oxygen-carrying liquids.

Of the accepted strategies mentioned above, cell salvage offers the medical community a safe, resource-saving, and relatively inexpensive method to avoid allogeneic red cell transfusion. Currently, incorrect information and misconceptions regarding the use of cell salvage systems frequently portray them as expensive, ineffective, and inappropriate for use in certain clinical situations. In addition to addressing these misconceptions, this article will discuss indications and contraindications for the use of such systems.
Through-Silicon-Via Fabrication Technologies, Passives Extraction, and Electrical Modeling for 3-D Integration/Packaging (2012)

Major advances have been made in the processing technologies of through-silicon-vias (TSVs) because TSV is an essential element for both wafer-level 3-D integration and packaging-based 3-D integration, due to its short interconnect length, high interconnect density, and small footprint. Based on a review of current TSV technologies, this paper reports a number of recently developed extraction techniques to investigate TSV parasitics using a 3-D fullwave electromagnetic (EM) simulator, a SPICE simulator, and empirical calculations. All the TSV RLGC values extracted from the fullwave simulation are in good agreement with those from different approaches over the entire frequency range of interest. The proposed empirical calculations indicate close results to fullwave extraction, thus TSV can be accurately modeled as lump elements. A wideband SPICE model for circuit design is generated from the TSV EM solution with good matching for both magnitudes and phases of return loss and insertion loss. Sensitivity analysis results further indicate that the insulating layer thickness weighs most in signal gain at 20 GHz. As an application of the modeling approaches is developed, a novel coaxial TSV with superior electrical performance is proposed, and its latency and power are examined. This paper provides some insight into TSV electrical characteristics and physical design to maximize the benefits of 3-D systems.
Abstract: Probabilistic Prediction of Reservoir Quality in Deep Water Prospects Using an Empirically Calibrated Process Model (1999)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
The effect of smoking on DNA effects in the comet assay: a meta-analysis (2005)

The comet assay (alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis, SCG or SCGE) is frequently used in biomonitoring to detect genotoxic effects in humans exposed at the workplace or in their environment. Because of its ready accessibility, blood is most frequently used in such studies. Many studies investigated cigarette smoking either as a genotoxic exposure itself or as a potential confounding factor in occupational studies. However, although smoking is considered to be a relevant exposure towards various genotoxins, conflicting results have been reported in the comet assay studies. The actual reasons for this discrepancy are not known. To further evaluate evidence for smoking-related DNA effects in the comet assay, we now used a meta-analysis approach based on a literature search. We identified 38 studies from 37 publications which were suited for a formal meta-analysis based on the standardized mean difference (SMD) between the study groups. The evaluation of these 38 studies indicated higher levels of DNA damage in smokers than in non-smokers [under a random effects model, SMD = 0.55, 95% confidence interval = (0.16-0.93)]. Subdividing these studies into studies investigating the effect of smoking as a genotoxic exposure (Type A studies, n = 12) and studies investigating smoking as a potential confounder in occupational studies (Type B, n = 26) indicated a significant difference only in Type A studies but not in Type B studies. Furthermore, studies using image analysis or image length measurements (n = 23) only indicated a tendency for a genotoxic effect of smoking, whereas studies using an arbitrary score (n = 15) found a significantly higher level of DNA damage in smokers.
Antitumor activity of novel tricyclic pyrone analogs in murine leukemia cells in vitro. (1997)

New tricyclic pyrone derivatives were synthesized and tested for their ability to prevent L1210 leukemic cells from synthesizing DNA and growing in vitro. At 50 microM, a pyripyropene analog has no effect, whereas four pentahydro-3-aryl-1-oxopyrano[4,3-b][1]benzopyrans all inhibit DNA synthesis by 79-91% and tumor cell growth by 93-100%. These inhibitory effects are concentration dependent with IC50 around 8.5 microM for DNA synthesis at 2 hours and 1.1 microM for tumor cell growth at 4 days. The aryl groups of these antitumor agents are either 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl or 3-pyridyl. Introduction of a methyl group at C5a and a formyloxy or hydroxy group at C6 does not alter the antitumor effects of the 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl benzopyrans but reduces those of the 3-pyridyl benzopyrans, which, at 50 microM, inhibit DNA synthesis by only 32-49% and fail to alter tumor cell growth. The 4-hydroxy-6-(3-pyridyl)-2-pyrone has no effect and the tricyclic pyrones lacking aryl groups have very little inhibitory effects on DNA synthesis, suggesting that a greater conjugation is required for the antitumor activity. These molecules have never been reported and might be valuable to develop a new class of anticancer drugs.
Corporate governance disclosure pratices in Indian telecom sector: [A comparative study between Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited and Bharti Airtel Limited] (2013)

To safe guard the investment, now investor has to be very careful and alert before investing in any company, for that matter investor has to check the who are the promoters of the company and also see the corporate governance practices existing in that company and see that the disclosure practices are us per mandated by clause 49 of listing agreement. In this paper an attempt has been made to identify the disclosure practices followed by these companies and to see the disclosure is in line clause 49 of listing agreement. The present study has been conducted to analyse the Corporate Governance and Disclosure Practices of BSNL & AIRTEL. And to Compare the Corporate Governance disclosure practices of Selected Companies. For this purpose CORPORATE GOVERNANCE data from 2007–08 to 2011–12. has been considered. The researchers concluded that Airtel disclosed more voluntary disclosures as compared to public sector (BSNL), after 2009–10 rather than previous year.
Genetic Disruption of Cytosine DNA Methyltransferase Enzymes Induces Chromosomal Instability in Human Cancer Cells (2005)

DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1)-deficient mice are tumor-prone, and this has been proposed to result from the induction of genomic instability. To address whether loss of DNMT1, or the related protein DNMT3b, results in genomic instability in human cancer cells, we used a near-diploid human colorectal cancer cell line, HCT116, in which one or both DNMT genes were disrupted by homologous recombination. Array-based comparative genomic hybridization analyses indicated that double, but not single, DNMT knock-out cells display two specific alterations in regional DNA copy number, suggesting that DNMT deficiency and genomic DNA hypomethylation are not associated with widespread genomic amplifications or deletions in human cancer cells. However, spectral karyotype analyses revealed that DNMT-deficient HCT116 cells are highly unstable with respect to large-scale chromosomal alterations; furthermore, this effect is characterized by a high degree of individual cell heterogeneity. The induction of chromosomal alterations in DNMT-deficient cells was evidenced both by aneuploidy and by large increases in the number of novel chromosomal translocations. Studies of double knock-out cells indicated that the generation of chromosomal alterations is spontaneous and persistent in vitro, meeting the formal definition of genomic instability. In summary, we show that DNMT deficiency in human cancer cells results in constitutive genomic instability manifested by chromosomal translocations.
Mixture model analysis of DNA microarray images (2005)

In this paper, we propose a new methodology for analysis of microarray images. First, a new gridding algorithm is proposed for determining the individual spots and their borders. Then, a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) approach is presented for the analysis of the individual spot images. The main advantages of the proposed methodology are modeling flexibility and adaptability to the data, which are well-known strengths of GMM. The maximum likelihood and maximum a posteriori approaches are used to estimate the GMM parameters via the expectation maximization algorithm. The proposed approach has the ability to detect and compensate for artifacts that might occur in microarray images. This is accomplished by a model-based criterion that selects the number of the mixture components. We present numerical experiments with artificial and real data where we compare the proposed approach with previous ones and existing software tools for microarray image analysis and demonstrate its advantages.
Signal Separation by Nonlinear Hebbian Learning (1995)

this paper, we introduce a neural network that can be used for both source separation and the estimation of the basis vectors of ICA. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. The next section presents the necessary background on ICA and source separation. In the third section, we introduce and justify the basic neural network learning algorithms for signal separation. The fourth section provides mathematical analysis justifying the separation ability of the nonlinear PCA type learning algorithm. The fifth section then introduces the ICA neural network, a three-layer network whose layers perform input data whitening, separation, and ICA basis vector estimation, respectively. In the sixth section, we present experimental results. In the last section, the conclusions of this study are presented, and some possibilities for extending the data model are outlined.
Use of preferred preemption points in cache-based real-time systems (2002)

Time-critical applications require known worst-case execution times to ensure that system timing constraints are met. Traditional cache memory arrangements, however significantly impede the determination of tight upper bounds on these worst-case execution times (WCET). The difficulty comes in adequately predicting the cache miss ratio for a task in a preemptable multi-tasking environment. Caches thus increase the complexity of calculating WCET. To resolve this, caches have simply been excluded from WCET calculations. Each task must then be provided greater time in which to execute leading to lower throughput and performance. In this paper we present a cache management scheme that allows WCET calculations to more easily reflect the timing effects of caching. This is done through the appropriate selection of preemption points within a task's execution. The scheme focuses on the WCET component that is due to preemption overhead. An added benefit is a reduction in execution time of up to 10% for some tasks over traditional cache management.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Simulation-based optimization for split delivery vehicle routing problem: a report of ongoing study (2013)

Due to the complexity of split delivery vehicle routing problem (SDVRP), a simulation based optimization approach is proposed. A simulation model is used to capture the dynamics and uncertainties of the system and evaluate the system performance. Three split policies, LOS-policy, LDD-policy and LWT-policy are designed to implement the order split/consolidation. To optimize the route of orders in a consolidation, a genetic algorithm is developed and integrated with the simulation model. Experimental results showed that the average order size has significant impact on consolidation and split policies. Split delivery outperforms non-split delivery significantly when the average order size occupies about 60% of a truckload. Large arrival rate of orders also benefits split delivery. Sparse distribution of customers deteriorates the performance of split delivery. In various experimental scenarios, LDD-policy is always better than LOS-policy and LWT-policy.
[Fractures of the upper part of the radius in children]. (1986)

The authors analyse the results of forty five cases of fractures of proximal radius in children with average follow up 7 years. The average age of the children was 9 years. Detailed radiological examination warrants classification under four degrees of displacement (four cases displaced, 17 cases lower 30 degrees, 15 cases between 30 degrees and 60 degrees, 9 cases upper 60 degrees). Associated lesions was present in 15 cases. For treatment, 21 immobilisations, 10 closes reductions, 6 percutaneous reduction by means of a kirshner nail, 8 open reduction were done. Pronostic is good for degrees I and II (20 excellent, 1 good result), pronostic is incertain for degrees III and IV (13 excellent, 2 good, 3 fair and poor results). Correlation is straight between procedure of management and result. The authors suggest their indications, who are depending from age and displacement.
The FFT butterfly operation in 4 processor cycles on a 24 bit fixed-point DSP with a pipelined multiplier (2002)

Most of the existing Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) are optimized for a fast and efficient computation of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). However, there are only two floating-point DSPs available, which perform the butterfly operation of a FFT in 4 processor cycles, but no fixed-point DSP is designed that way. The new 24 bit fixed-point DSP DAISY, which is able to execute the butterfly in 4 cycles even using a two-stage pipelined multiplier, is described in this paper. With this pipelined multiplication it is possible to reduce the processor cycle time significantly.
Minimum-negativity constraint applied to large data sets (1987)

The efficacy of a new algorithm implementing the minimum-negativity constraint 1 in computing data sets of up to 64K ( K = 1024) data points is demonstrated. A specific example is shown for an interferogram of 17K points taken from a rocketborne field-widened interferometer. Restoring data points to the interferogram to yield a total of 64K points, on Fourier transforming with the fast Fourier transform, produces improved resolution for the resulting 64K data points of the IR spectral lines. An example of restoration with the same interferogram involving a minor modification of the algorithm so that it is appropriate for parallel processing is also illustrated. The new algorithms may be easily generalized to two dimensions.
APOBEC3G & HTLV-1: Inhibition without deamination (2005)

APOBEC3G is a cellular cytidine deaminase that was recently identified as the Vif-sensitive antiviral host factor responsible for the restriction of vif-defective HIV-1 in primary human cells and certain non-permissive T cell lines. Inhibition of HIV-1 replication is thought to be the result of APOBEC3G-induced hypermutation of the viral genome that occurs early during reverse transcription. Against this backdrop is a new report from the Uchiyama laboratory that proposes deaminase-independent restriction of HTLV-1 by APOBEC3G (Sasada et al. Retrovirology 2005, 2:32). These findings combined with recent reports of deaminase-independent inhibition of Hepatitis B virus as well as HIV-1 suggest that cytidine deaminase activity and antiviral activity may be separable functional properties of APOBEC3G.
Deriving Streaming Graph Algorithms from Static Definitions (2017)

Increasing volumes of data and the desire for realtime query capability make the development of efficient streaming algorithms for data analytics valuable. Streaming graph algorithms that avoid unnecessary recomputation through clever application of data dependency analysis are often more complex to derive than their static counterparts. This paper discusses a method to derive algorithms for streaming graph analysis from static formulations Combining tuned graph algorithms building blocks with an appropriate functional language, a graph query planner should be able to correctly implement most static and streaming versions of an algorithm from a single mathematical formulation. We provide a detailed analysis for the case of updating triangle counts in a streaming graph using linear algebra and an experimental evaluation in Julia.
Additive Manufacturing Of Functional Constructs Under Process Uncertainty (2010)

In recent years, development of novel material-sets has enabled additive manufacturing (AM) to transform from being used purely for model-making applications, to production of functional constructs. What was once only a rapid prototyping technology is now being used to print functional components, including batteries, actuators, transistors, and for tissue engineering applications, living tissue (Chapter 1). Associated with these new printing inks, however, is a drastic increase in the complexity of AM materials, and consequently, in the process uncertainty related to deposition of these materials. New applications enabled by functional printing capabilities, in particular in situ AM, also have associated process uncertainties, including situational and environmental uncertainties. That is, uncertainty in the shape of the substrate and in environmental parameters, such as temperature and humidity. As additive manufacturing makes the transition from a prototyping technology to more of a functional-object fabrication platform, these new associated process uncertainties must be addressed to yield sufficient geometric fidelity. Existing control schemes largely relied upon open-loop control and did not handle uncertainty through control algorithms, but instead avoided them by limiting their material-sets, printing on trivially shaped substrates, and restricting environmental conditions. A few techniques used geometric feedback to handle materials uncertainty, but these techniques did so on a process-parameter-level, and did not monitor/manipulate on the whole-part level. As a result, these techniques could not detect high-level errors such as whole-part deformation. The technique proposed herein, Greedy Geometric Feedback (GGF), closes the loop on the whole-part level and therefore can detect/correct types of errors that were previously un-addressable. Simulations and physical experiments were employed to validate and study the GGF algorithm. Not only was GGF effective at handling materials uncertainties, but it also has potential for situational and environmental uncertainties. Additional work focused on situational uncertainty and alternative control schemes were developed that effectively handled this type of uncertainty with less computational and data collection overhead. A novel differencebased planning approach was employed to explore in situ AM repair of osteochondral defects, and repair/adaptation of a four-legged robot. These proof-of-concept prints are the only known examples of generalized in situ AM, to date, in which the AM system was not provided a priori hard-coded substrate geometric information. The contributions of the work presented herein fall into three categories: 1) development of functional printing materials, 2) development of novel methodologies for quantitatively optimizing the printing qualities of functional printing inks, and 3) development of novel generalized control schemes for handling AM process uncertainty.
Practical Multistage Space-Time Switching Networks (1973)

This paper discusses PCM switching networks using combined space-time (ST) nonblocking switches in multistage arrays. The interplay between switch, network, and path-search characteristics is considered and the networks chosen for the Swiss system IFS-1 are described.
MCMP: a transport/session level distributed protocol for desktop conference setup (1996)

The multiparty conference management protocol (MCMP) is an end-to-end distributed session/transport level protocol intended for group management of desktop conferencing applications. This paper describes the MCMP conference setup algorithms and proves that they meet specified correctness properties. MCMP sets up control channels for use in exchanging control information while the conference is in progress. The logical topology used is a completely interconnected mesh, MCMP always provides best effort services in cases of failures. Correctness properties guaranteed upon termination of the protocol include connectivity, validity, uniqueness, and consistency of local views. Application control information that can be exchanged using the control channels include resource negotiation and subconferencing.
<title>Resonant laser ignition of reactive gases</title> (1994)

A tunable laser system that operates in the ultraviolet (UV) has been utilized to ignite premixed reactive gaseous flows of H<SUB>2</SUB>/O<SUB>2</SUB>, D<SUB>2</SUB>/O<SUB>2</SUB> and CH<SUB>4</SUB>/N<SUB>2</SUB>O in a jet burner at atmospheric pressure. Multiphoton UV photodissociation of the fuel or oxidizer molecules produced ground state radicals (H and O atoms). Resonance-enhanced multiphoton excitation and ionization of these radicals formed a laser-produced microplasma that served as an ignition source. Time-resolved absorption techniques were utilized to determine minimum ignition energies for the gaseous mixtures when the laser was tuned to resonance two-photon excitation transitions of H and O atoms near 243 nm and 225.6 nm respectively. The minimum ignition energy was found to be wavelength dependent and was the least when the laser was tuned to the resonant two-photon excitation transitions. These results suggest that ignition is not only dependent upon the absorption of a certain minimum amount of energy but is also photochemically enhanced by the production of ground and excited-state radicals and ions which participate in exothermic chemical chain-branching reactions in the early stages of ignition. Therefore, a new laser ignition mechanism is proposed.
RESTORING WITH MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD (1971)

QC 351 A7 no. 67