gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polyaniline/Palm Oil Blend for Anticorrosion of Mild Steel in Saline Environment (2014)

The corrosion protective performance of polyaniline/palm oil (PAni-PO) blend coated on mild steel in 3% NaCl aqueous solutions has been evaluated by electrochemical methods, namely, open circuit potential (ocp), potentiodynamic polarization, and EIS spectroscopy. The surface of mild steel was covered by a dark green protective layer due to the physical interaction between the coating and steel. The permanent shifts of ocp and potentiodynamic polarization towards higher positive value of oxidation potential by about 800 mV and by a decrease in corrosion current density by sixfold in magnitude and an increase of 10 orders of magnitude in charge transfer resistance are due to protective coating.
Nyquist 3 Pulse Shaping in Continuous Phase Modulation (1987)

Continuous phase modulation (CPM) schemes, using Nyquist 3 pulse shaping and correlative codes, are popular candidates for mobile radio applications. This paper presents a detailed study of the effects of Nyquist 3 pulse shaping on the spectral characteristics of CPM schemes with a modulation index of 1/2. The influence of pulse parameters such as its shape, bandwidth, coding polynomial, and truncation length on spectral characteristics such as main lobe, fractional power bandwidths, and out-of-band power levels is thoroughly investigated; error performance is also briefly analyzed. Among uncoded schemes, a new scheme using a pulse satisfying both Nyquist 3 and Nyquist 2 criteria is pointed out as a promising candidate and as a good compromise between spectral and power efficiencies.
On using the ad-hoc network model in cellular packet data networks (2002)

While several approaches have been proposed in literature for improving the performance of wireless packet data networks, a recent class of approaches has focused on improving the underlying wireless network model itself. Several of such approaches have shown that using peer-to-peer communication, a mode of communication used typically in ad-hoc wireless networks, can result in performance improvement in terms of both throughput and energy consumption. However, the true impact of using the ad-hoc network model in wireless packet data networks has neither been comprehensively studied, nor characterized. In this paper, we investigate the benefits of using an ad-hoc network model in cellular wireless packet data networks. We find that while the ad-hoc network model has significantly better spatial reuse characteristics, the improved spatial reuse does not translate into better throughput performance. Furthermore, although considerable improvement is seen in energy consumption performance, we observe that using the ad-hoc network model as-is might actually degrade the throughput performance of the network. We identify and discuss the reasons behind these observations. Finally, using the insights gained through our performance evaluations, we discuss strawman versions of three techniques which when used in tandem with the ad-hoc network model result in better throughput, energy consumption, fairness, and mobility-resilience characteristics. Through our simulation results, we motivate that using the ad-hoc network model in conventional wireless packet data networks is a promising approach when the network model is complemented with appropriate mechanisms.
Subgingival microbial profiles in refractory periodontal disease (2002)

4 subgingival microbial profiles were detected among refractory subjects. "Refractory microbial profiles" could be detected in subjects who had not yet exhibited refractory disease.
Photoluminescence Properties of Graphene versus Other Carbon Nanomaterials (2012)

Photoluminescent nanomaterials continue to garner research attention because of their many applications. For many years, researchers have focused on quantum dots (QDs) of semiconductor nanocrystals for their excellent performance and predictable fluorescence color variations that depend on the sizes of the nanocrystals. Even with these advantages, QDs can present some major limitations, such as the use of heavy metals in the high-performance semiconductor QDs. Therefore, researchers continue to be interested in developing new QDs or related nanomaterials. Recently, various nanoscale configurations of carbon have emerged as potential new platforms in the development of brightly photoluminescent materials. As a perfect π-conjugated single sheet, graphene lacks electronic bandgaps and is not photoluminescent. Therefore, researchers have created energy bandgaps within graphene as a strategy to impart fluorescence emissions. Researchers have explored many experimental techniques to introduce bandgaps, such as cutting graphene sheets into small pieces or manipulating the π electronic network to form quantum-confined sp(2) "islands" in a graphene sheet, which apparently involve the formation or exploitation of structural defects. In fact, defects in graphene materials not only play a critical role in the creation of bandgaps for emissive electronic transitions, but also contribute directly to the bright photoluminescence emissions observed in these materials. Researchers have found similar defect-derived photoluminescence in carbon nanotubes and small carbon nanoparticles, dubbed carbon "quantum" dots or "carbon dots". However, they have not systematically examined the emissions properties of these different yet related carbon nanomaterials toward understanding their mechanistic origins. In this Account, we examine the spectroscopic features of the observed photoluminescence emissions in graphene materials. We associate the structural characteristics in the underlying graphene materials with those emission properties as a way of classifying them into two primary categories: emissions that originate from created or induced energy bandgaps in a single graphene sheet and emissions that are associated with defects in single- and/or multiple-layer graphene. We highlight the similarities and differences between the observed photoluminescence properties of graphene materials and those found in other carbon nanomaterials including carbon dots and surface defect-passivated carbon nanotubes, and we discuss their mechanistic implications.
The Concise Encyclopedia of Foods & Nutrition (1995)

The Concise encyclopedia of foods and nutrition , The Concise encyclopedia of foods and nutrition , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
Fast, copper-free click chemistry: a convenient solid-phase approach to oligonucleotide conjugation (2009)

Solid-phase oligonucleotide conjugation by nitrile oxide-alkyne click cycloaddition chemistry has been successfully demonstrated; the reaction, compatible with all nucleobases, requires no metal catalyst and proceeds under physiological conditions.
Introduction to air guns and air-gun arrays (2000)

The effect of seismic operations on marine mammals has been debated vigorously for years. Some feel that these operations could harm the animals. Others, based on anecdotal evidence of marine mammals swimming (or even playing) near active air-gun arrays, feel that harmful effects are unlikely. They claim that such evidence indicates, at the very least, that air guns do not physically damage the animals. Still others have relied on acoustic measurements to argue that any potential effect on the marine mammal population within a seismic survey area is negligible. Because of the importance of the discussion, the seismic industry has conducted numerous tests and monitoring studies to try to address this issue. To date, those studies have not identified any harmful long-term effects due to the proximity of marine mammals to air guns. Why then, does the debate continue?
Reduced Vascular Remodeling, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Oxidative Stress in Resistance Arteries of Angiotensin II–Infused Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor–Deficient Mice (2005)

m-CSF-deficient mice (Op/Op) developed less endothelial dysfunction, vascular remodeling, and oxidative stress induced by Ang II than +/+ littermates, suggesting a critical role of m-CSF and proinflammatory mediators in Ang II-induced vascular injury.
Wind power turbine design, selection, and optimization (2014)

"Wind power is the most mature technology of the major sources of renewable energy that have been developed, and more efficient and cost-effective techologies and materials are constantly being sought for turbines and the equipment used on them. Here is a comprehensive and thorough review of the engineering pros and cons for using different kinds of wind turbines in different areas, including offshore. With a full technical knowledge, engineers, managers, and other decision-makers in the wind energy industry can make more informed decisions about increasing capacity, cost-efficiency, and longevity. Covering the various types of wind turbines available, such as new collinear windmills, orthogonal turbines, and others, this highly technical treatment of wind turbines offers engineers, students, and researchers insight into the practical applications of these turbines and their potential for maximum efficiency. "--
Fiber Fabry-Perot Sensors Based Acoustic Detection of Partial Discharges in Power Transformers (2006)

A Fabry-Perot acoustic sensor system is designed for on-line detection of ultrasonic signals generated by partial discharges in transformer oil. Cavity of the sensor is formed between a quartz diaphragm sensitive to dynamic signal and an end of fiber pigtail. Frequency and sensitivity of the sensor have been designed based on the characteristic of the acoustic signal. The signal is measured in the range of narrowband frequencies and deduced through demodulation of the output intensity. The system has inherent immunity to electromagnetic interference. The theoretic analysis and computer simulation shows that the system has a sensitivity of 10pC discharge level at 100 mm from the PD source
Properties of honey: its mode of action and clinical outcomes (2011)

This article outlines the key actions of honey when used as a treatment for wounds and examines the evidence base for its efficacy and impact on clinical outcomes. It also provides a guide to the assessment of wounds in order to identify infection, to ensure that antimicrobial dressings such as honey are used appropriately. Finally, the Mesitran range of dressings (Aspen, Redditch) is described and individual case reports presented which demonstrate the use of these products in clinical practice.
Preparative Electrochemical Reduction of 2-Amino-6-chloropurine and Synthesis of 6-Deoxyacyclovir, a Fluorescent Substrate of Xanthine Oxidase and a Prodrug of Acyclovir. (1987)

D.c. polarography of 2-amino-6-chloropurine in aqueous medium over a broad pH range revealed two diffusion waves, the first of which corresponds to reduction of the C(6)-Cl bond, leading to formation of 2-aminopurine in high yield. Condensation of the sodium salt of 2-aminopurine with (2-acetoxyethoxy)methyl chloride led to the two isomeric 9- and 7-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)-2-aminopurines. The 9- isomer, 6-deoxyacyclovir, a prodrug of acyclovir previously synthesized by another route, was readily converted to the latter by xanthine oxidase; the 7-isomer was not a substrate. The intense fluorescence of 6-deoxyacyclovir makes it a convenient fluorescent substrate for xanthine oxidase, although less sensitive than xanthine; it is shown that 2-aminopurine would be a very sensitive fluorescent substrate. The polarographic behaviour of the riboside of 2-amino-6-chloropurine was virtually identical with that of the parent purine, leading to a simple procedure for conversion of 2-amino-6-chloropurine nucleosides and acyclonucleosides to the corresponding 2-aminopurine congeners.
The global burden of disease in 1990: summary results, sensitivity analysis and future directions. (1994)

A basic requirement for evaluating the cost-effectiveness of health interventions is a comprehensive assessment of the amount of ill health (premature death and disability) attributable to specific diseases and injuries. A new indicator, the number of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), was developed to assess the burden of disease and injury in 1990 for over 100 causes by age, sex and region. The DALY concept provides an integrative, comprehensive methodology to capture the entire amount of ill health which will, on average, be incurred during one's lifetime because of new cases of disease and injury in 1990. It differs in many respects from previous attempts at global and regional health situation assessment which have typically been much less comprehensive in scope, less detailed, and limited to a handful of causes. This paper summarizes the DALY estimates for 1990 by cause, age, sex and region. For the first time, those responsible for deciding priorities in the health sector have access to a disaggregated set of estimates which, in addition to facilitating cost-effectiveness analysis, can be used to monitor global and regional health progress for over a hundred conditions. The paper also shows how the estimates depend on particular values of the parameters involved in the calculation.
ASSET-2: real-time motion segmentation and shape tracking (2002)

The paper describes how image sequences taken by a moving video camera may be processed to detect and track moving objects against a moving background in real-time. The motion segmentation and shape tracking system as known as ASSET-2-A Scene Segmenter Establishing Tracking, Version 2. Motion is found by tracking image features, and segmentation is based on first-order (i.e., six parameter) flow fields. Shape tracking is performed using two dimensional radial map representation. The system runs in real-time, and is accurate and reliable. It requires no camera calibration and no knowledge of the camera's motion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Compact all-fibre on-line power monitor via core-to-cladding mode coupling (2002)

An on-line all-fibre power monitor is demonstrated in which light from the core mode is first coupled to the cladding mode using an acousto-optic tunable filter, and then coupled to an InGaAs pin detector bonded to the fibre. Detection efficiency for different cladding modes and fibre cladding diameters are presented.
Transition Challenges for Alternative Fuel Vehicle and Transportation Systems (2008)

Automakers are now developing alternatives to internal combustion engines (ICE), including hydrogen fuel cells and ICE-electric hybrids. Adoption dynamics for alternative vehicles are complex, owing to the size and importance of the auto industry and vehicle installed base. Diffusion of alternative vehicles is both enabled and constrained by powerful positive feedbacks arising from scale and scope economies, research and development, learning by doing, driver experience, word of mouth, and complementary resources such as fueling infrastructure. We describe a dynamic model of the diffusion of and competition among alternative fuel vehicles, including coevolution of the fleet technology, behavior, and complementary resources. Here we focus on the generation of consumer awareness of alternatives through feedback from consumers' experience, word of mouth, and marketing, with a reduced-form treatment of network effects and other positive feedbacks (which we treat in other papers). We demonstrate the existence of a critical threshold for sustained adoption of alternative technologies, and show how the threshold depends on economic and behavioral parameters. We show that word of mouth from those not driving an alternative vehicle is important in stimulating diffusion. Expanding the model boundary to include learning, technological spillovers, and spatial coevolution of fueling infrastructure adds additional feedbacks that condition the diffusion of alternative vehicles. Results show scenarios for successful diffusion of alternative vehicles, but also suggest that marketing programs and subsidies for alternatives must remain in place for long periods for diffusion to become self-sustaining.
Video Watermarking on Overlay Layer (2011)

There exist various video watermarking schemes to protect copyrighted video content. Since most of these schemes exploit the perceptual properties of an original video content, they ineludibly had high computing complexity to embed watermark. However, some video applications such as settop box (STB) don't have enough computing power to insert the watermark into the high definition (HD) content using existing schemes. In this study, we propose an overlay video watermarking scheme that embeds watermark into the overlay layer of the multimedia device. Since the proposed scheme exploits only the traits of human visual system (HVS) without any information about original video data, it achieves both low computational complexity and good imperceptibility. Further, the experimental results prove that the proposed scheme has good fidelity and enough robustness.
Thyroid disorders and polycystic ovary syndrome: An emerging relationship (2014)

As the prevalence of these endocrine dysfunctions increases, the association of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and autoimmune thyroid disease is increasingly being recognised. While the causality of this association is still uncertain, the two conditions share a bidirectional relationship. The exact nature of this link has not been elucidated yet. Both syndromes share certain common characteristics, risk factors, and pathophysiological abnormalities. Simultaneously, certain etiopathogenetic factors that operate to create these dysfunctions are dissimilar. Polycystic appearing ovaries are a clinical feature of hypothyroidism, though hypothyroidism should be excluded before diagnosing PCOS. Adiposity, increased insulin resistance, high leptin, evidence of deranged autoimmunity, all of which are present in both disease states, seem to play a complex role in connecting these two disorders. This brief communication explores the nature of the relationship between PCOS and hypothyroidism. It reviews current data and analyses them to present a unified pathophysiological basis, incorporating these complex relationships, for the same.
Clinical importance of zona pellucida-induced acrosome reaction and its predictive value for IVF (2001)

The study aimed to establish zona pellucida induced acrosome reaction response (ZIAR) among 35 couples with normal and G-pattern sperm morphology and repeated poor fertilization results during assisted reproduction treatment. ZIAR tests were performed using 0.25 zona pellucida/microliter co-incubated with spermatozoa for 60 min. Acrosome reactions were measured with FITC-PSA staining, and expressed as the difference between stimulated and unstimulated (spontaneous) sperm populations. Results were compared with IVF rates of metaphase II oocytes. Interactive dot diagrams divided the patients into two groups, i.e. ZIAR <15% and ZIAR > 15%, with mean fertilization rates of 49 and 79% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for ZIAR results versus fertilization were 93 and 100% respectively. The area under the curve was 99% and the 95% confidence interval did not include 0.5 which implies that the ZIAR test is able to predict fertilization failure among IVF patients. In conclusion, the ZIAR test has diagnostic potential since it can assist the clinician to identify couples that will benefit from intracytoplasmic sperm injection therapy.
Alkylation of DNA by the Nitrogen Mustard Bis-(2-chloroethyl)methylamine (1995)

Alkylation of DNA by the nitrogen mustard bis(2-chloroethyl)methylamine (mechlorethamine; HN2) gave four principal products, derived by mono-alkylation of guanine at N-7 and adenine at N-3 and by cross-linking of guanine to guanine or guanine to adenine at these positions. These products were isolated by hydrolysis from DNA at neutral pH, followed by ion-exchange chromatography on SP-Sephadex and reversed phase chromatography on ODS. They were characterized by identification with products from the reaction of nitrogen mustard with adenine or deoxyguanylic acid, and by their UV, mass, and proton magnetic resonance spectra.
Meta-data version and configuration management in multi-vendor environments (2005)

Nearly all components that comprise modern information technology, such as Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tools, Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) environments, Extract/Transform/Load (ETL) engines. Warehouses, EII, and Business Intelligence (BI), contain a great deal of meta-data, which often drive much of the tool's functionality. These metadata are distributed and duplicated, are often times actively interacting with the tools as they process data, and are generally represented in a variety of methodologies. Meta-data exchange and reuse is now becoming commonplace. This article is based upon the real challenges found in these complicated meta-data environments, and identifies the often overlooked distinctions and importance of meta-data version and configuration management (CM), including the extensive use of automated meta-data comparison, mapping comparison, mapping generation and mapping update functions, which comprise a complete meta-data CM environment. Also addressed is the reality that most repositories are not up to the task of true version and configuration management, and thus true impact and lineage analysis, as their emphasis has been on the development a single enterprise architecture and the concept of "a single version of the truth."
The photochemistry of some methoxy and dimethylamino derivatives of azoxybenzene (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe photochemistry of some methoxy and dimethylamino derivatives of azoxybenzeneAngelo Albini, Elisa Fasani, Micaela Moroni, and Silvio PietraCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 1, 88–92Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00351a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00351a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views373Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mutations causing mitochondrial disease: What is new and what challenges remain? (2015)

Mitochondrial diseases are among the most common and most complex of all inherited genetic diseases. The involvement of both the mitochondrial and nuclear genome presents unique challenges, but despite this there have been some remarkable advances in our knowledge of mitochondrial diseases over the past few years. A greater understanding of mitochondrial genetics has led to improved diagnosis as well as novel ways to prevent transmission of severe mitochondrial disease. These and other advances have had a major impact on patient care, but considerable challenges remain, particularly in the areas of therapies for those patients manifesting clinical symptoms associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and the tissue specificity seen in many mitochondrial disorders. This review highlights some important recent advances in mitochondrial disease but also stresses the areas where progress is essential.