gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High‐performance capillary electrophoresis of gangliosides (1991)

Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids. In aqueous media, these glycolipids have been shown to exist as stable micelles. Ganglioside micelles could be analyzed by high-performance zonal capillary electrophoresis in uncoated fused-silica capillaries within 10 min. The mass sensitivity determined by monitoring the absorption of ultraviolet light at 195 nm was in the order of 10(-11) mol. Increasing the pH of the running buffer from 3.0 to 7.4 or the voltage from 10 to 30 kV increased the relative mobilities of gangliosides. By contrast, increasing the ionic strength of the buffer decreased the migration and broadened the elution peak widths of gangliosides. Ganglioside* micelles including GM1, GD1b, and GT1b were resolved into separate peaks by capillary electrophoresis at physiological pH shortly after mixing. Upon prolonged incubation, the ganglioside peaks merged to form a single species. The fusion process was temperature-dependent. At 50 degrees C, formation of mixed micelles between polysialogangliosides GD1b and GT1b was complete within 30 min. In contrast, no fusion of the ganglioside peaks was observed at 0 degrees C even after 75 h. Formation of mixed micelles between GD1b and other polysialogangliosides including GD1a, GT1b, and GQ1b at 37 degrees C required 1.5, 3.0, and 2.0 h, respectively. Formation of mixed micelles between monosialoganglioside GM1 and polysialogangliosides were 6- to 36-fold slower. No fusion was observed between monosialogangliosides GM1 and GM2 after 2 days of incubation. These findings indicate that polysialogangliosides may have higher propensities than monosialoganglioside to form mixed micelles.
The Hybrid Vibration Generator, A New Approach for a High Efficiency Energy Scavenger (2009)

This paper presents a new approach for optimizing the power transfer from vibration driven energy scavengers to a storage element. A hybrid generator consisting of the combination of a one-sided clamped swinging bimorph as main generator and a stationary inductive coil as trigger generator is shown. The signal from the coil is used to trigger a SSHI-interface to enhance the power transfer. The results of parameter studies for an optimal generator design as well as simulation and first measuring results obtained with a hybrid generator testing device are presented and discussed in the presented paper.
The efficacy of topical 2% green tea lotion in mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris. (2009)

Topical 2% green tea lotion is an effective, cost-effective treatment for mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris.
Unidade e multiplicidade nas Ciências da Comunicação: uma comparação entre Portugal e Brasil (2012)

The observer of "communication sciences" cannot fail to notice, since the beginning, the multiple conceptual, methodological, and theoretical paradigms that characterizes them. It is true that this multiplicity also exists in the fields of the social and even the natural sciences, all of them far from the positivist monism of earlier times. However, instead of being an example of "epistemological anarchism" (Feyerabend), this multiplicity of communication sciences is based on a certain unity, which allows us to see them as an epistemic, specific field. In order to identify traits of that unity in the Communication Sciences in Portuguese language, and assuming that "science is what is taught" (Barthes, 2002), we analyzed the curricula and programs of six undergraduate, referenced courses in Portugal and Brazil, three in each country.
An image-compression decomposition analysis of sub-bands using threshold implementation (2015)

Wavelet transform has become an emerging technology in the field of Image compression. Concept of discrete wavelet transform leads to compaction of energy, high compression ratio and good quality of image after reconstruction. This paper shows how compression can be achieved by sub-band decomposition analysis. Further wavelet based processing solves contradiction of time and frequency resolution as compared to Fourier transform. It also overcomes the problem of blocking artifact at high frequency resolution which is observed in Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). Image compression using wavelet transform is a technique to represent the image with less number of bytes which leads to efficient transmission bandwidth and less space is required to store the image.
Code generation to support static and dynamic composition of software product lines (2008)

Software product lines (SPLs) are used to create tailor-made software products by managing and composing reusable assets. Generating a software product from the assets of an SPL is possible statically before runtime or dynamically at load-time or runtime. Both approaches have benefits and drawbacks with respect to composition flexibility, performance, and resource consumption. Which type of composition is preferable should be decided by taking the application scenario into account. Current tools and languages, however, force a programmer to decide between static and dynamic composition during development. In this paper, we present an approach that employs code generation to support static and dynamic composition of features of a single code base. We offer an implementation on top of FeatureC++, an extension of the C++ programming language that supports software composition based on features. To simplify dynamic composition and to avoid creation of invalid products we furthermore provide means to (1) validate the correctness of a composition at runtime, (2) automatically instantiate SPLs in case of stand-alone applications, and (3) automatically apply interaction code of crosscutting concerns.
Effect of heat treatment on H2O2/HCl etched pure titanium dental implant: An in vitro study (2012)

The results implied that surface chemistry played an important role in cell response, and H2O2/HCl etched titanium surface without subsequent heat treatment might improve osseointegration response.
The kinetics of rehydration of detached sunflower leaves from different initial water deficits (1981)

Abstract. The tempo of rehydration of sunflower ( Helianthus animus L.) leaves was measured after dehydration in a pressure bomb down to water potentials of −0.5 to −1.6 MPa. When rehydrated from small water deficits (−0.5 to −0.8 MPa) the plot of log rehydration rate versus time is concave. When rehydration starts from large deficits (−1.2 to −1.6 MPa) the semilog plot has a characteristic shoulder, i.e. a rehydration phase of long half‐time is followed by a phase of short half‐time. The experimental curves were fitted with parallel and series models of rehydration. In the parallel model two compartments are connected by resistances in parallel with the water source and rehydrate independently. In the series model one compartment is connected with the water source via a resistance and the second compartment is connected in series with the first by another resistance so that water entering the second compartment must pass through the first. Amongst nineteen experiments, ten could be fitted very closely by both the parallel and series models and nine could not be fitted by either model.
A Comparison of the Indirect Estimate of Mean Arterial Pressure Calculated by the Conventional Equation and Calculated to Compensate for a Change in Heart Rate (2000)

The standard equation used to calculate mean arterial pressure (MAP) assumes that diastole persists for 2/3 and systole for 1/3 of each cardiac cycle. This ratio is altered when heart rate increases, and therefore we investigated the efficacy of predicting MAP during exercise using non-invasive indirect methods. Eight subjects exercised on a cycle ergometer for 3 minute intervals to elicit heart rates between 100-110, 120-130, 140-150, 160-170, and 180-190 beats/min. In the last minute of each 3 min interval an ECG recording was taken and systolic (SP) and diastolic (DP) blood pressure was measured by manual auscultation. MAP was calculated for each heart rate interval by: MAP=DP+1/3(SP-DP) (method A), and MAP= DP + Fs(SP- DP) (method B), where Fs is the fraction of the cardiac cycle comprising systole, measured from the ECG. Fs increased from 0.35+/-0.049 at rest to 0.47+/-0.039 at a heart rate of 180-190 beats/min. MAP measured by method B was consistently greater than MAP calculated by method A at all heart rates greater than resting heart rate (p<0.01). The error incurred when using the standard MAP equation (method A) to derive MAP during exercise (measured as the percentage difference between method A and B) increased linearly with heart rate (r=0.98). The standard MAP equation should not be applied during exercise, as it does not account for the change in the systolic: diastolic period ratio as heart rate increases.
Thermal energy storage in granular deposits (2017)

Energy storage technology is crucial for the development of the use of renewable energy sources. This is a substantial constraint, however it can, to some extent, be solved by storing energy in its various forms: electrical, mechanical, chemical and thermal. This article presents the results of research in thermal properties of granular deposits. Correlation between temperature changes in the stores over a period of time and their physical properties has been studied. The results of the research have practical application in designing thermal stores based on bulk materials and ground deposits. Furthermore, the research results are significant for regeneration of the lower ground sources for heat pumps and provide data for designing ground heat exchangers for ventilation systems.
Structural analysis of tree trunks and branches: tapered cantilever beams subject to large deflections under complex loading (1987)

The dimensions, deflections and support costs of tree trunks and branches can be deduced using the structural theory for cantilever beams. However, elementary theory applies only as long as deflections are small, and complex analytical solutions are required to account for complex taper and patterns of loading. This paper describes a method that copes with large deflections, any patterns of taper, and any patterns of distributed loading, point loading or externally applied bending moments. A beam is considered to be composed of a series of short segments, such that each has only a small deflection, and each can have specified dimensions, Young's modulus and loading. The transport matrix method of structural analysis is used to determine the end conditions of each segment and of the whole beam. The method is verified by comparing predicted deflections with deflections (a) calculated using an analytical solution by Bisshopp and Drucker (1945), (b) calculated and measured for sapling tree trunks by Leiser and Kemper (1968), and (c) measured on tapered and untapered plastic rods.
Isolated high-order harmonics pulse from two-color-driven Bloch oscillations in bulk semiconductors (2011)

We theoretically investigate the time-frequency characteristics of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) from Bloch-oscillating electrons in the band structure of a conventional bulk semiconductor driven by a single-optical-cycle two-color IR waveform. Spectrally filtering out the Bloch-HHG cutoff radiation allows the generation of an isolated Bloch-HHG pulse of $\ensuremath{\sim}$1.6-fs duration.
A comprehensive evaluation of family history and breast cancer risk. The Utah Population Database (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of family history on the risk of developing breast cancer. <h3>Design.</h3> —A case-control study design was used. <h3>Setting.</h3> —To provide a comprehensive assessment of family history risk, we used the Utah Population Database, a linked database compiled of genealogy data of the descendants of Mormon pioneer families, cancer data from the Utah Cancer Registry, and mortality data from the Utah Department of Vital Statistics. <h3>Patients.</h3> —All women diagnosed with breast cancer who were in the genealogy database and the Utah Cancer Registry were included. Controls were women selected from the genealogy, who like cases had no record of previous cancer. They were matched to the cases by age and place of birth. <h3>Outcome.</h3> —Several definitions of family history were used. The total familial risk variable, developed to work effectively in the Utah Genealogy Database, accounts for all family members, their degree of relatedness to the case, and the amount of time they were observed for possible cancer diagnosis. <h3>Results.</h3> —A threefold increase in risk, estimated by the odds ratio (OR), of breast cancer among those with the highest family history score (6% of cases) was observed when compared with those with the lowest family history score. The OR for women with a first-degree relative with breast cancer was 2.45 (95% confidence interval [Cl], 1.84 to 3.06). If the nearest relative was a second-degree relative, the OR was 1.82 (95% Cl, 1.39 to 2.24); if the nearest relative was a third-degree relative, the OR was 1.35 (95% Cl, 1.07 to 1.64). A slightly greater risk was observed if the first-degree relative was a woman's mother (OR, 2.44; 95% Cl, 1.77 to 3.42) rather than a sister (OR, 2.01; 95% Cl, 1.66 to 2.43). Among subjects diagnosed before the age of 50 years, the disease experience of relatives prior to age 50 was most important, while for older subjects the experience of relatives of all ages was of roughly equal importance. Women who developed contralateral breast cancer within 3 years of initial diagnosis were nearly 10 times as likely as women without breast cancer to have a first-degree relative with breast cancer. Based on the risk estimates in this study, we have estimated that approximately 17% to 19% of breast cancer in the population could be attributed to family history. Women who had a first-degree relative with colon cancer had a 30% increased risk of breast cancer. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —In this study population, women with a family history of breast cancer, even if the nearest relative with breast cancer is a third-degree relative, are at increased risk of the disease. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:1563-1568)
Epigenetic Modulators and the New Immunotherapies (2016)

A couple of recent studies suggest that DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, currently used in the treatment of hematologic cancers, increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to immune-checkpoint–inhibitor therapy.
Calculations of the Effect of Wing Twist on the Air Forces Acting on a Monoplane Wing (1935)

A method is presented for calculating the aerodynamic forces on a moncylane wing, taking into account the elastic twisting of the wing due to these forces. The lift distribution along the span is calculated by the formulas of Amstutz as a function of the geometrical characteristics of the wing and of the twist at stations 60 and 90 percent of the semispan. The twist for a given lift distribution is calculated by means of influence lines. As a numerical example, the forces on a Swiss military D.2V airplane are calculated. Comparisons with the strip method and with the ordinary stress-analysis method are also given.
Infrared study of laser synthesized anatase TiO<sub>2</sub>nanopowders (2005)

Nanosized titanium dioxide (TiO2) is synthesized by laser-induced pyrolysis using titanium isopropoxide as a liquid precursor. The specific surface area of as-produced nanopowders measured by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method (BET) varies from 84 to 110 m(2)g(-1). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman scattering, showed that the TiO2 nanocrystals had an anatase structure. The rain size of the nanoparticles was estimated from scanning electron microscopy, XRD and BET measurements. The reflection spectra of nanocrystalline TiO2 pressed pellets has been measured in the region between 80 and 1500 cm(-1) by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. To interpret the experimental results, a model based on a generalized Bruggeman effective medium approximation of a dielectric function has been proposed. It is based on the polycrystalline character of TIO2 nanoparticles including island-structure and porosity of the nanopowders, along with the anatase single crystal dielectric functions. Thus, by comparing the results of calculated and experimental infrared (IR) spectra, the values of microscopic parameters of nanocrystalline powders can be deduced.
Biosynthesis and secretion of human colonic mucin glycoproteins. (1987)

Synthesis and secretion of colonic mucin glycoprotein species were assessed during in vitro culture of colonic mucosal explants. DEAE-cellulose chromatography of endogenously labeled mucin glycoproteins from explant tissue demonstrated the presence of six mucin species (I-VI) similar to those identified earlier in surgical specimens of human colonic tissue. The relative proportions of mucin species I-VI in tissue explants remained constant throughout a 30-h culture period. However, the proportional representation of the various mucin species in media was significantly different from that found in tissue, which suggests that some mucin species (I, II, and III) are differentially secreted, whereas others (IV and V) are retained within intracellular pools. Radiolabeled precursors were incorporated into mucin species I, II, and III at a 2.0-2.6-fold greater rate than their concentration in tissue, supporting the concept that these glycoproteins were both synthesized and secreted at a greater rate than species IV and V. Colonic mucosal explants from patients with ulcerative colitis showed greater than 90% reduction of species IV. However, the amount of species IV recovered from culture media of ulcerative colitis explants was comparable to normal controls. It appears that mucin species IV is differentially secreted rather than retained within intracellular pools in mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis.
Decision-Directed Adaptive Estimation and Guidance for an Interception Endgame (2006)

A new integrated estimation and guidance design approach is presented as a computationally effective procedure for interception of maneuvering targets. This is an adaptive approach that uses the following elements: banks of state estimators, and guidance laws, a maneuver detector for the onset of the target’s maneuver, and a hierarchical decision law for online selection of the estimator/guidance law pair to be employed. Simulation results confirm that the adaptive approach leads to a reduction in the miss distance as compared with cases in which only a single estimator/guidance law combination is available. LTHOUGH the study presented in this paper was motivated by a future ballistic missile defense (BMD) scenario, it addresses a more general problem, namely, the interception of a randomly maneuvering target by a guided missile in an environment of noise-corrupted measurements. The missile guidance endgame is an imperfect information terminal control problem with a very short horizon and it requires a design approach different from the one used in other control systems. In the classical approach, a linearized model of the dynamic process about a nominal set point is first derived. For this linearized model, the estimator and the control law are designed independently. The separate design is based on assuming the validity of the certainty equivalence principle (CEP) and the associated separation theorem (ST). 1
Analysis of location-aware QoS-routing protocols based on partial temporal and spatial topology for real-time multimedia in mobile ad hoc networks (2004)

In the distributed operations of route discovery and maintenance, strong interaction occurs across mobile ad hoc network (MANET) protocol layers in the transport of service packets between source and destination nodes. Quality of service (QoS) requirements are specified for multimedia service classes by the application layer. Due to node mobility, knowledge of their locations is inherently incomplete. Network topology is thus only partially known in time and in space. Cross-layer interactions in the protocol are modeled in terms of a set of concatenated design parameters, updates on node positions and associated energy costs. Functional dependencies of the QoS metrics on the concatenated parameters are described. An analytical framework is established for development of new cross-layer designs that optimize layer interdependencies to achieve the “best” QoS available in the MANET given a partially known, time-varying topology. The designs, based on a reactive MANET protocol, adapt provisioned QoS to dynamic network conditions and residual energy capacities. Cross-layer optimization, given partially known topology, is based on stochastic dynamic programming and predictive estimation conditions derived from time-dependent models of MANET behavior. Models of real-time behavior are based on the control of conditional rates of multivariate point processes (MVPPs). These rates depend on the concatenated protocol and resource parameters. The analytical framework supports predictive models to estimate node mobility in addition to measurement-based estimates of probability distributions for voice, video, data, and other Internet traffic. Estimates of QoS metrics are given in terms of recursive stochastic filters of the network state, based on complete or partial observations of topology and events.
Significance of e.m.f. decay measurements. Applications to the nickel oxide electrode (1962)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
New Antiretroviral Treatment for HIV (2016)

The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) has set the global goal of ending the AIDS world epidemic by 2030. In order to end this epidemic they have established a 90-90-90 goal to be achieved by 2020, which may be problematic, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This goal includes 90% of individuals with HIV globally being diagnosed, on treatment, and virologically suppressed. Based on global estimates from 2014-2015, approximately 36.9 million individuals are living with HIV. Of those, 53% have been diagnosed with HIV, 41% are on antiretroviral therapy (ART), and 32% have viral suppression with <1000 copies/ml. Comprehensive approaches are needed to improve the number of people living with HIV (PLWH) who are diagnosed, linked, and engaged in care. Once PLWH are retained in care, treatment is key to both HIV prevention and transmission. The development and advancement of new ART is necessary to assist in reaching these goals by improving safety profiles, decreasing pill burden, improving quality of life and life expectancy, and creating new mechanisms to overcome resistance. The focus of this review is to highlight and review data for antiretroviral agents recently added to the market as well as discuss agents in various stages of development (new formulations and mechanisms of action).
Proposed Energy Conserving Routing Technique Using LAR (2011)

The task of finding and sustaining routes in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETS) is an important aspect in determining the effectiveness of any routing protocol. One such example is Location-Aided Routing (LAR) scheme that was proposed by Young Ko et al. [5] for reducing the transfer range of broadcasting during route discovery in networks. Location-based routing algorithms using Global Positioning System (GPS) is promising technique in reducing the overheads of routing in Ad-Hoc Networks. Along with routing, energy conservation is too necessary in MANETs because of battery powered mobile nodes, which extend the network life time of Ad-Hoc Networks. A lot of energy can be saved in sleep mode of mobile nodes (MNs) and saved energy can be utilized in routing. This proposed work integrates the method of energy saving or conservation of mobile nodes and LAR. Consequently performance matrices such as routing overhead, energy saving, end to end delay (E2E) and network life time can be optimized/ minimized using proposed energy conserving routing approach.