gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A simple method for the in vitro culture of human retinal capillary endothelial cells. (1992)

A simple method for the culture of human retinal capillary endothelial cells in vitro is described in this report. Through a process of gentle mechanical disruption and sieving, a sufficient yield of retinal microvessels was obtained from one or two human eyes to allow the culture of endothelial cells in abundance. The cells were factor VIII-positive and demonstrated typical vascular endothelial morphology. Pericyte contamination was prevented by using human platelet-poor serum in primary culture and passaging cells with a low concentration of trypsin. Proliferation assays revealed that the cells grew best in Iscove's modified Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with 15% fetal calf serum (FCS). There was no difference in induced proliferation when FCS was compared to human platelet-poor serum. The method seemed to be as good as and much simpler than other recently described techniques. The study of human retinal capillary endothelial cells cultured in this way may shed light on the earliest stages of diabetic retinopathy and other diseases of the retinal microvasculature, particularly AIDS-related retinopathy and radiation retinopathy.
Fundamental Noise Limits and Sensitivity of Piezoelectrically Driven Magnetoelastic Cantilevers (2020)

International audience
Electrochemical Characteristics of Pd Anode Catalyst Modified with TiO[sub 2] Nanoparticles in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (2008)

The effect of modification of the anodes in polymer electrolyte fuel cells was investigated using pure and a mixture. The modification of anode catalyst with increased the activity for electrochemical oxidation under pure , and the -modified anode catalyst showed high activity as well as the catalyst. The cell voltages obtained at a current density of for and -modified were as high as . The addition of increased the dispersion of metal particles, which resulted in an increase in the active surface area of the catalyst. In accordance with this result, CO pulse titration analysis showed that the metal dispersion of was higher than that of pure catalyst. The effect of addition on the performances of the cell with a Pd anode in a CO-contaminated fuel was also examined. These results show that the has a higher CO tolerance than catalyst for maintaining high activity for electrochemical oxidation of in pure .
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROAROMATISCHES VERHALTEN 65. MITT. RK. VON VALENZTAUTOMEREN DREIER UNGESAETTIGTER VERBINDUNGEN MITTLERER RINGGROESSE MIT JODAZID (1973)

Abstract Die Verbindungen (I), (V) bzw. (IX) gehen beim Behandeln mit JN3 (aus NaN 3 2 und JCl) in die Azide (II), (VI) bzw. (X) über.
Cyclocarbopalladation Involving an Unusual 1,5-Palladium Vinyl to Aryl Shift as Termination Step:  Theoretical Study of the Mechanism (2005)

A DFT/B3LYP model study has been carried out on the cyclocarbopalladation and on an unusual 1,5 vinyl to aryl palladium shift which are the two first steps of a cyclocarbopalladation-Stille coupling tandem reaction of various gamma-bromopropargylic-1,2 diols with alkenyls or alkynyl stannanes catalyzed by Pd(PPh(3))(4). From the calculations, the active intermediates in the catalytic process appear to bear a single phosphine ligand, the palladium(II) center keeping in all cases a square-planar coordination pattern either through intramolecular binding of the triple bond or via an intramolecular Pd...C(phenyl) interaction. The computation of the various transition states and intermediates for the 1,5 vinyl to aryl palladium shift reveals that the intimate mechanism of this pathway corresponds to a one-step hydrogen transfer between the two negatively charged carbon atoms of the vinyl and phenyl groups. A two-step pathway involving a Pd(IV) intermediate is not likely to occur. This conclusion may apply to other 1,n-palladium shifts which have been experimentally observed in various organometallic transformations.
Inflammasome: A Pivotal Role in hyperoxia‐induced acute lung injury? (2009)

The inflammasome is a novel protein complex that stimulates caspase‐1 activation to promote the processing and secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. We hypothesized that hyperoxia induced K + efflux activates inflammasome through P2X7 receptors (P2X7R) leading to inflammation in hyperoxic acute lung injury (HALI). To test this hypothesis in vitro, we isolated alveolar macrophages from murine lung tissue, exposed cells to hyperoxia (95% oxygen and 5% CO2) and characterized the expression and activation of inflammasome components. We also analyzed the expression of the same molecules in alveolar macrophages obtained from the mice exposed to hyperoxia (100 % oxygen) for 72 hours. Our results showed that hyperoxia induced a significant increase in P2X7 activation and K + efflux that was associated with inflammasome activation and release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. P2X7 agonist, ATP enhances hyperoxia induced inflammasome activation and P2X7 antagonist, oxidized ATP inhibits hyperoxia induced inflammasome activation. However, when ATP was scavenged with apyrase, hyperoxia induced inflammasome activation was significantly decreased indicating that the possible involvement of P2X7R. Interestingly inflammasome silence abrogates hyperoxia‐induced secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in‐vitro . Our studies suggest that hyperoxia induces K + efflux through P2X7 receptor and results in inflammasome activation and secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines.
<i>In situ</i> mass measurement of electron-beam-induced nanometer-sized W-related deposits using a carbon nanotube cantilever (2006)

Using a carbon nanotube oscillator, the authors performed in situ measurements of densities of electron-beam-induced tungsten compounds with size of less than 100nm. Total mass of the deposit was proportional to the deposition time. A higher deposition rate was obtained at lower electron-beam acceleration voltage. Density of the deposit decreased from 2.7to1.4g∕cm3 with increasing acceleration voltage from 5to15kV. These results indicate that the increased density with low-acceleration voltage produces effective decomposition of W(CO)6.
Development of a Process for Recovering Phosphorus from Sewage Sludge (2005)

A novel process for effectively recovering phosphorus from waste has been developed. By this process, magnesium ammonium phosphate (hereinafter referred to as MAP) is recovered from anaerobic digestive sludge in sewage. The MAP recovery process involves recovering inorganic fine particles, which include the MAP particles, from digestive sludge through a successive line of separating devices such as, a vibrating screen, a hydro-cyclone, and a revolving-cylindrical type thin flow separator or multi-gravity separator. Continuous tests for MAP recovery carried out to study the performance of this process indicate that it was possible to recover about 90% of MAP.
Implementation of a controlled rectifier using AC-AC matrix converter theory (1992)

It is well known that a PWM-controlled rectifier can offer advantages of reduced low-order harmonics and unity input power factor when compared to a conventional thyristor converter. However, theoretically optimum PWM strategies are often difficult to implement physically or are not easily extended to regenerative operation. The authors propose an alternative PWM strategy based on AC-AC matrix converter theory, which generates only high-order switching harmonics, presents a unity power factor load to the supply, implicitly extends to regeneration (and operation with a center tapped DC output), and is feasible to physically implement for real-time output voltage control. Both the theory and physical simulation results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chiral Heterocycles by Iminium Ion Cyclization (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Near-Field Commercial Aircraft Contribution to Nitrogen Oxides by Engine, Aircraft Type, and Airline by Individual Plume Sampling (2008)

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) concentrations were measured in individual plumes from aircraft departing on the northern runway at Heathrow Airport in west London. Over a period of four weeks 5618 individual plumes were sampled by a chemiluminescence monitor located 180 m from the runway. Results were processed and matched with detailed aircraft movement and aircraft engine data using chromatographic techniques. Peak concentrations associated with 29 commonly used engines were calculated and found to have a good relationship with N0x emissions taken from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) databank. However, it is found that engines with higher reported NOx emissions result in proportionately lower NOx concentrations than engines with lower emissions. We show that it is likely that aircraft operational factors such as takeoff weight and aircraftthrust setting have a measurable and important effect on concentrations of N0x. For example, NOx concentrations can differ by up to 41% for aircraft using the same airframe and engine type, while those due to the same engine type in different airframes can differ by 28%. These differences are as great as, if not greater than, the reported differences in NOx emissions between different engine manufacturers for engines used on the same airframe.
Low-Temperature Solution-Processed ZrO2 Gate Insulators for Thin-Film Transistors Using High-Pressure Annealing (2011)

A solution-processed ZrO2 gate insulator was fabricated using high-pressure annealing (HPA). The dehydroxylation process was accelerated and a thin, dense ZrO2 film was formed at a low annealing temperature of 350°C using HPA. This resulted in superior dielectric strength of the ZrO2 films (about 10−9 A/cm2 at 2 MV/cm) for use as gate insulators. A low-temperature solution-processed InZnO thin-film transistor with such a ZrO2 gate insulator had a saturation mobility of 0.10 cm2/V·s and an on/off ratio of 1.17 × 104.
Selective Resection of the Semicircular Canals of Rabbits with Preservation of Hearing (1992)

The goal of this investigation was to develop a method of surgical removal of the semicircular canals of the rabbit without induction of auditory impairment. Four different surgical techniques were utilized: i) fenestration of the lateral semicircular canal; ii) fibrin glue perfusion of the canal following fenestration; iii) removal of the lateral semicircular canal by drilling after fenestration and fibrin glue perfusion, and iv) removal of all three canals after fenestration and fibrin gluing. Brainstem auditory potentials were recorded repeatedly for up to 3 months after operation and demonstrated preservation of hearing in all rabbits in the first group and in 78% of the second group. In the third group the potentials could be recorded in 67% of the animals and showed a 20 dB deterioration of hearing. After removal of all three semicircular canals residual hearing could be recorded in 50% of the rabbits. These animals regularly showed a 30-40 dB deterioration of hearing. A precise microsurgical technique using fibrin glue and bone chips for interruption of the peri- and endolymph flow proved crucial for hearing preservation.
CI628 Inhibits Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)-Induced Increases in FSH Receptors of the Rat Ovary: Requirement of Estradiol for FSH Action* (1985)

Although estradiol (E2) alone does not increase receptors for FSH in granulosa cells, E2 priming before administration of FSH increases numbers of FSH receptors significantly compared with FSH alone. We hypothesized that if E2 is required for FSH to increase its own receptor, blocking estrogen action should prevent FSH-induced increases in FSH receptors. Five groups of hypophysectomized rats were injected sc with: saline at 0 h; the antiestrogen CI628 (1 mg) at -6 h; human FSH (hFSH, 2 micrograms) at 0 h; CI628 at -6 h, then hFSH at 0 h; and CI628 plus E2 (2 mg) at -6 h, then FSH at 0 h. Animals were decapitated at 0, 6, 12, or 24 h, and granulosa membrane receptors for FSH, LH, and nuclear receptors for E2 were measured. LH receptor levels increased only after administration of E2 before hFSH. Treatment with hFSH for 6 h increased numbers of FSH receptors 3-fold (P less than 0.01) without any increase in numbers of E2 receptors. At 12 and 24 h, hFSH increased numbers of FSH and E2 receptors 6- and 7-fold (P less than 0.01) over controls. CI628 prevented the hFSH-induced increases in FSH receptors at 6, 12, and 24 h. Administration of E2 concomitant with CI628 before hFSH significantly reversed the inhibitory effects of CI628 on hFSH-induced increases in FSH receptors. There were no changes in affinity of FSH or E2 receptors from 0 to 24 h. To determine whether E2 was acting on the adenylate cyclase system, the ability of hFSH to increase the content of cAMP in granulosa cells in each treatment group was determined. After an iv injection of hFSH, cAMP levels were similar in CI628- and saline-treated rats but had increased 6-fold (P less than 0.01) in hFSH or CI628 plus hFSH-treated animals. Thus, blocking hFSH-induced increases in FSH and E2 receptor appeared to have no effect on FSH stimulation of cAMP. In conclusion E2 appears to be required for FSH action, perhaps by acting within granulosa cells distal to the cAMP-adenylate cyclase system.
The Anodic Deprotection of the Carbonyl Group Applied to Dethioacetalisation of Oses (1987)

The anodic method of deprotection of carbonyl compounds (oxidative decomposition of gem-dithioacetal systems) is applied with success to sugars. Protected hydroxy groups like esters and cyclic acetals are not affected.
Cdx-2 expression in squamous and metaplastic columnar epithelia of the esophagus (2006)

The molecular pathogenesis of Barrett's esophagus is poorly understood. Evidence suggests that at a phenotypic level, the metaplastic process begins with the transformation of squamous epithelium in the distal esophagus to cardiac mucosa, which subsequently becomes intestinalized. The homeobox gene Cdx-2 has been shown to be an important transcriptional regulator of embryonic differentiation and maintenance of adult intestinal type epithelium. We hypothesized that Cdx-2 gene expression levels increase with the phenotypic transformation of normal squamous mucosa to the intestinalized columnar mucosa of Barrett's esophagus. Endoscopic biopsies were obtained at the gastroesophageal junction in patients with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease and classified according to histology: normal squamous mucosa (n = 62), cardiac mucosa (n = 19), oxynto-cardiac mucosa (n = 14), and intestinal metaplasia (n = 15). Duodenal biopsies (n = 26) served as the columnar control. After laser capture microdissection and RNA isolation, gene expression levels of Cdx-2 were measured in each tissue type by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Consistent with its known function, Cdx-2 gene expression levels were highest in duodenal mucosa and nearly absent in squamous epithelium. There was a stepwise increase in Cdx-2 gene expression from cardiac to Barrett's epithelium (P < 0.001). Expression levels of Cdx-2 in cardiac and oxynto-cardiac mucosa were 40-70 times higher and Barrett's mucosa 400 times higher than that found in squamous epithelium. Relative expression of the homeobox gene Cdx-2, known to induce differentiation of intestinal type epithelium, increases in a stepwise fashion during the phenotypic transformation of distal esophageal squamous mucosa to cardiac columnar mucosa and to the intestinalized columnar mucosa of Barrett's esophagus. Therefore, Cdx-2 may be a potential biomarker to detect the early transition to Barrett's esophagus.
Rational Fragment-design Method Based on a Thermodynamic Analysis (2009)

Thermodynamic analysis is an effective tool in drug design. Thermodynamic parameters of the interaction between a given ligand and its target protein can reveal the character of the ligand. In general, promising drug candidates achieve high affinity for a target protein through their contributions of both favorable enthalpy and entropy terms. It is, however, more difficult to optimize binding enthalpies than binding entropies in ligand-design; therefore, it is desirable to choose firstly a lead-compound based on its favorable binding enthalpy. In this study, we have explored the utility of this approach using anti-ciguatoxin antibody 10C9 as a model in the screening of a chemical library. We previously showed that 10C9 possesses an extraordinary large antigen-binding pocket that recognizes the antigen ciguatoxin by means of a favorable binding enthalpy. Here, among the many compounds tested, three of them could bind to the antigen-binding pocket of 10C9 with a few kcal/mol of favorable binding enthalpy. In addition, these compounds showed structural analogies with the proper antigen ciguatoxin: a comparison with other compounds which showed no favorable enthalpy change upon testing revealed that 10C9 rigorously identifies their cyclic structure and a characteristic hydroxyl group. In summary, this study demonstrates that enthalpy change is an effective index for ligand-design studies.
A Nondestructive Evaluation Technique for Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites Using Acoustic Guided Waves (AGW) (2004)

In this paper, the predictions of the theoretical model and results obtained in the inspection of FRP wraps on concrete samples with seeded defects are presented. Additionally, the successful use of this NDE technique in the detection and imaging of delaminations, debonds, cracks and steel reinforcement in FRP-Concrete structures are discussed. These results are presented in the form of displayed RF waveforms and color-coded C-scan images. Finally, a description of a prototype inspection system for FRP-retrofitted concrete structures developed during the Phase II of the project is presented.
Neutrophil adhesion molecules in HIV disease (1998)

Neutrophil dysfunction in HIV disease is well described. We examined the expression of neutrophil adhesion molecules amongst 72 HIV-infected subjects using a whole blood flow cytometric assay with FITC- and R-PE-labelled isotype-specific MoAbs. We report lesser expression of CD11a (LFA-1) and L-selectin (CD62L) on the circulating neutrophils of HIV+ subjects compared with HIV- controls. Expression of CD11b (Mac-1) was unchanged. Shedding of L-selectin and up-regulation of CD11b in response to in vitro stimulation with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) were less in HIV+ compared with HIV- subjects, most markedly in subjects with CD4 cell counts < 100 cells/mm3. These results suggest that neutrophil dysfunction in HIV disease, which increases with disease progression, may be attributable to dysregulated adhesion molecule expression.
Numerical simulation of liquid composite molding processes (2005)

Abstract This work proposes to perform an analysis about the numerical simulation of LCM processes. After a description of the modelling context of these processes, our first part will describe the formulation of the laws, and a second step the application with the Thermo- Hydro-Mechanical coupling. We present a finite element procedure to simulate mold filling in the three dimensional case. The method presented in the paper is div-conform i.e. the mass of injected fluid is proved to be perfectly conserved. Numerical results are compared with experiments. In order to take into account the micro-macro voids during the filling of the reinforcement, we introduce a phenomenon of transport in saturation corresponding to a mechanism of hydrodynamic dispersion. This study is supplemented by a study of coupling between processes and mechanical properties, insisting on the advantage of introducing the concept of saturation. Ce travail propose de faire un état de l'art sur la simulation numérique des procédés LCM. Après avoir rappelé le contexte de la modélisation de ces procédés, nous précisons d'une part, la formulation des lois d'évolution et de comportement et, d'autre part, l'application aux couplages Thermo-Hydro-Mécanique. Nous avons présenté les éléments finis dans le cas des analyses tridimensionnelles de remplissage de cavité. Il s'avère que la méthode retenue est l'utilisation d'éléments discontinus permettant que la masse du fluide injecté soit parfaitement conservée. Ensuite des résultats numériques sont comparés aux expériences. Enfin, pour tenir compte des créations de micro-macro vides durant l'imprégnation des renforts, nous introduisons un phénomène de transport en saturation correspondant à un mécanisme de dispersion hydrodynamique. L'étude est complétée par une discussion sur le couplage entre procédés et propriétés mécaniques, en montrant l'intérêt d'y introduire la notion de saturation. Keywords: LCM processesTHM couplingconvection-diffusionsaturationporous mediumMots clés: procédés LCMcouplage THMconvection-diffusionsaturationmilieu poreux
Relation of Sedimentation Rate to Amount of Precipitate Formed in Plasma by Type III Pneumococcus. (1944)

A relationship existed between the sedimentation rate of blood from various disease conditions and the amount of precipitate formed in plasma by the growth of Type III pneumococcus. The possible importance of the presence of an abnormal, non-specific polysaccharide to this finding is discussed.
Investigation of MS normal-appearing brain using diffusion tensor MRI with clinical correlations (2001)

The most striking finding of decreased fractional anisotropy in supratentorial and infratentorial NAWM and increased fractional anisotropy in basal ganglia may result from axonal degeneration due to fiber transection in remote focal lesions. Diffusion tensor imaging indices, in particular fractional anisotropy, appear sensitive to structural damage in NAWM that is associated with disability and progression in MS.
A Systematic Review of Resistance Training Versus Endurance Training in COPD (2015)

We found that in patients with COPD, RT seems to induce the same beneficial effects as ET. Therefore, we recommend that RT should be considered according to patient preferences when designing a pulmonary rehabilitation program for patients with COPD.
Neurokinin NK<sub>1</sub> and NK<sub>3</sub> receptors as targets for drugs to treat gastrointestinal motility disorders and pain (2004)

NK1 and NK3 receptors do not appear to play significant roles in normal GI functions, but both may be involved in defensive or pathological processes. NK1 receptor antagonists are antiemetic, operating via vagal sensory and motor systems, so there is a need to study their effects on other gastro-vagal functions thought to play roles in functional bowel disorders. Interactions between NK1 receptors and enteric nonadrenergic, noncholinergic motorneurones suggest a need to explore the role of this receptor in disrupted colonic motility. NK1 receptor antagonism does not exert consistent analgesic activity in humans, but similar studies have not been carried out against pain of GI origin, where NK1 receptors may have additional influences on mucosal inflammatory or "irritant" processes. NK3 receptors mediate certain disruptions of intestinal motility. The activity may be driven by tachykinins released from intrinsic primary afferent neurones (IPANs), which induce slow EPSP activity in connecting IPANs and hence, a degree of hypersensitivity within the enteric nervous system. The same process is also proposed to increase C-fibre sensitivity, either indirectly or directly. Thus, NK3 receptor antagonists inhibit intestinal nociception via a "peripheral" mechanism that may be intestine-specific. Studies with talnetant and other selective NK3 receptor antagonists are, therefore, revealing an exciting and novel pathway by which pathological changes in intestinal motility and nociception can be induced, suggesting a role for NK3 receptor antagonism in irritable bowel syndrome.