gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE ALUMINUM CENTENARY (1927)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, March 19, page 928, I noted a little item referring to the centenary of aluminum and quoting Wöhler as the discoverer of this metal. Only a few weeks ago I was talking with Mr. Junius D. Edwards of the Aluminum Company of America about this very matter. Mr. Edwards convinced me, in the light of information recently dug up, that the real discovery of metallic aluminum was not made by Wöhler, but by Oersted.
Regional distribution and alterations of lectin binding to colorectal mucin in mucosal biopsies from controls and subjects with inflammatory bowel diseases. (1985)

Glycoconjugate composition of colorectal goblet cell mucin was characterized according to the anatomical distribution of lectin-binding sites in mucosal biopsies from 35 control subjects and 55 patients with inflammatory bowel disease. 24 of the controls had mucosal inflammation on biopsy, without clinical evidence of inflammatory bowel disease. These inflamed controls showed a similar rate of presence of lectin-binding sites as the normal noninflamed group. In the controls, the frequency of binding of Ricinus communis agglutinin I to galactosyl residues was consistently higher than that found with either Ulex europaeus agglutinin I to fucosyl or Dolichus biflorus agglutinin to N-acetyl galactosyl groups. A significant proximal to distal gradient for Ulex europaeus agglutinin I binding sites was identified in the controls group. These binding sites were present four times more often in the proximal colon than in the distal colon (P less than 0.025). In the ulcerative and Crohn's colitis groups, this gradient effect was lost, predominantly as a result of decreased availability of fucosyl residues in the proximal colon. In the descending colon of Crohn's colitis tissues, there was a complete absence of Dolichus biflorus agglutinin binding sites compared with the 62.5% incidence in the control group (P less than 0.05). These results demonstrate that the expression of lectin-binding sites in human large intestinal goblet mucin is specifically altered in inflammatory bowel disease, indicating that there are changes in glycosylation of colorectal mucin consistent with alterations in goblet cell differentiation.
A Double Blind Study of Prostacyclin in Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery (1981)

In a double-blind placebo-controlled trial of 48 patients requiring open heart surgery, prostacyclin (PGI2) was infused in a dose of 20 ng/kg/min throughout cardiopulmonary bypass. When compared with the placebo group, the patients given active PGI2 were found to have significantly higher platelet counts from 30 min after commencement of bypass and in the immediate post-operative period, and to have significantly less elevation of the platelet secretory proteins, beta thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4 during bypass. The mean weight increase in the arterial line filters was significantly greater in the placebo-treated patients than in the PGI2 group. It is suggested that infused PGI2 decreases platelet activation during cardiopulmonary bypass and that further studies are required to establish its clinical value in this situation.
Funnel Flow in Hoppers (1980)

Detailed observations of funnel flows of dry granular materials in wedge-shaped hoppers of different geometries are presented. The variations of the flow regime with changes in the height of material in the hopper/vertical bin configuration, the width of the vertical bin, the hopper angle and the hopper opening width were investigated and a number of specific flow regimes identified (mass flow and several forms of funnel flow). In the first part of the paper particular attention is paid to the conditions for transition from one flow regime to another; in particular it is shown that the existence of a funnel depends not only on the hopper angle but is also strongly dependent on the geometry of the hopper/bin system. In the second part of the paper the variations in the shape of the funnel near the exit opening are explored in detail.
[Prevention of postoperative lymphocele after breast amputation]. (1985)

Closed suction drainage is widely used after modified radical mastectomy to prevent accumulation of serum or lymph and to promote adherence of the skin flaps to the chest wall. However, between 5 and 35% of the patients develop seroma, which may prolong their stay in hospital and require more frequent post-operative outpatient visits. The prospective study reported demonstrate a significant correlation between the incidence of post-operative seromas, the duration of suction drainage and the amounts of fluid drained. The incidence of seroma also correlated significantly with the patient's age, the size of the breast removed, the presence of arterial hypertension and the post-operative use of heparin. Pre-operative radiotherapy and the TNM type of the tumour had no effect on the duration and volume of drainage nor on the occurrence of seromas. A drainage of short duration and a short stay in hospital are advocated for most mastectomy patients. Delayed mobilization of the shoulder should decrease the volume of accumulated fluid and the incidence of seromas.
Subjectivism: First thoughts (2012)

CONSIDER three statements, each of which, in its different way, expresses a view that moral opinions, or moral judgements, or moral outlooks are ‘merely subjective’:
Efficient Algorithms for Multivariate Linear Mixed Models in Genome-wide Association Studies (2013)

Multivariate linear mixed models (mvLMMs) have been widely used in many areas of genetics, and have attracted considerable recent interest in genome-wide association studies (GWASs). However, fitting mvLMMs is computationally non-trivial, and no existing method is computationally practical for performing the likelihood ratio test (LRT) for mvLMMs in GWAS settings with moderate sample size n. The existing software MTMM perform an approximate LRT for two phenotypes, and as we find, its p values can substantially understate the significance of associations. Here, we present novel computationally-efficient algorithms for fitting mvLMMs, and computing the LRT in GWAS settings. After a single initial eigen-decomposition (with complexity O(n^3)) the algorithms i) reduce computational complexity (per iteration of the optimizer) from cubic to linear in n; and ii) in GWAS analyses, reduces per-marker complexity from cubic to quadratic in n. These innovations make it practical to compute the LRT for mvLMMs in GWASs for tens of thousands of samples and a moderate number of phenotypes (~2-10). With simulations, we show that the LRT provides correct control for type I error. With both simulations and real data we find that the LRT is more powerful than the approximate LRT from MTMM, and illustrate the benefits of analyzing more than two phenotypes. The method is implemented in the GEMMA software package, freely available at http://stephenslab.uchicago.edu/software.html
Existential Freedom in the Marxism of Jean-Paul Sartre (1968)

The growing commitment of Jean-Paul Sartre to Marxist political philosophy reaches its maturation in his Critique de la raison dialectique . To many in the non-Communist world, particularly in North America, who have been influenced by his earlier existential philosophy, Sartre's commitment to Marxism seems difficult to explain. Existentialism is a philosophy of individual introspection, whereas Marxism is a philosophy of mass movements. Existentialism denies the reality of absolute values, whereas Marxism postulates the supreme goal of the classless society. Most puzzling of all, the existential philosophy of Sartre himself describes a radical freedom, the negation of all determinism in the lives of human beings; while Marxism is traditionally viewed, both by its proponents and by its critics, as a doctrine of strict determinism.
Method and software for extracting fuzzy classification rules by subtractive clustering (2002)

We present a fast and robust method for extracting fuzzy classification rules from data. The method uses subtractive clustering to obtain the initial rules; the rule parameters are then optimized by using an efficient gradient-descent algorithm. We also describe a user-friendly Apple Macintosh software package called RIFLEX (Rockwell International Fuzzy Logic EXplorer), in which this rule extraction method has been implemented.
Interference Factors in the Schools (1973)

Readers will be able to recognize many of the anecdotal episodes the writers present to support their contention that educators too often are concerned about the big issues and forget about the persistent timewasters that have deleterious effects on educational programs.
DMOS: a generic document recognition method, application to an automatic generator of musical scores, mathematical formulae and table structures recognition systems (2002)

Genericity in structured document recognition is a difficult challenge. We therefore propose a new generic document recognition method, called DMOS (Description and MOdification of Segmentation), that is made up of a new grammatical formalism, called EPF (Enhanced Position Formalism) and an associated parser which is able to introduce context in segmentation. We implement this method to obtain a generator of document recognition systems. This generator can automatically produce new recognition systems. It is only necessary to describe the document with an EPF grammar, which is then simply compiled. In this way, we have developed various recognition systems: one on musical scores, one on mathematical formulae and one on recursive table structures. We have also defined a specific application to damaged military forms of the 19th Century. We have been able to test the generated system on 5,000 of these military forms. This has permitted us to validate the DMOS method on a real-world application.
Effect of grain boundaries on the Raman spectra, optical absorption, and elastic light scattering in nanometer-sized crystalline silicon (1987)

The intensity of the Raman-active ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{25\mathcal{'}}$ mode of nanometer-sized crystalline silicon, nc-Si, normalized to that of calcium fluoride, ${\mathrm{CaF}}_{2}$, at 322 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ was measured for samples deposited under controllably varied conditions. Changes of the intensity by a factor of up to approximately 6.7 were found. These are correlated with the lattice expansion and with the compressive stress in thin films of the material. It is suggested that the enhancement of the scattering cross section, which scales with the observed optical-absorption coefficient and diffuse elastic light scattering, is due to enhanced coupling of the electromagnetic field of the incident light to the charge-density fluctuations at the grain boundaries of the quasi-isolated crystallites.
Economic Evaluation of Acupuncture (1996)

Economic evaluation of treatments is essential to make the best use of limited resources. The methodology for this is established and there are four basic analyses: cost-minimisation compares different methods of achieving an overall result, cost-effectiveness measures the outcome of treatment in a natural endpoint, cost-utility attempts to measure the treatment's effect on the overall quality of life, and cost-benefit examines the benefits of treatment in monetary terms. Economic evaluation should ideally be performed alongside randomised controlled trials, preferably placebo-controlled. Other less rigorous designs may be easier to arrange but will generate less conclusive results. In such trials, costs must be measured accurately and as fully as possible. Some examples of economic analysis of acupuncture are discussed.
Stimulation of Ovarian Follicular Maturation With Pure Follicle-Stimulating Hormone in Women with Gonadotropin Deficiency (1988)

According to the 2-cell theory, ovarian steroidogenesis requires the coordinate action of both FSH and LH. To evaluate the relative importance of these hormones in follicular maturation, a randomized cross-over study was performed in 10 women with complete gonadotropin deficiency (absence of pulsatile LH secretion and no LH response to LHRH). Five women were treated with highly purified FSH (LH bioactivity, 0.09%) and 3 months later with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG; LH bioactivity, 65%), each given for 10 days at a daily dose of 225 IU FSH, im. The sequence was reversed in the other 5 women. hCG (5000 IU) was administered im 24 h after the last injection of FSH or hMG. Plasma estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), androstenedione (A), testosterone, LH, and FSH concentrations and urinary LH and FSH were measured daily by RIA. Ultrasonography was performed during each treatment and 2 days after each hCG injection. After FSH treatment, mean plasma and urinary FSH levels increased, mean plasma LH did not change, and urinary LH increased slightly but not significantly from 91 +/- 32 (SE) to 164 +/- 55 mIU/24 h (10(-3) IU/24 h). After hMG treatment, mean plasma and urinary LH and FSH levels increased accordingly. The mean basal plasma E2 [11 +/- 1 pg/mL (40 +/- 4 pmol/L)] and E1 [14 +/- 4 pg/mL (52 +/- 15 pmol/L)] levels increased after FSH treatment to 207 +/- 69 pg/mL (760 +/- 253 pmol/L) and 82 +/- 21 pg/mL (303 +/- 78 pmol/L), respectively (P less than 0.01), but plasma A did not change. In response to hMG, the mean plasma E2, E1, A, and testosterone levels increased more than during FSH treatment. Ultrasonography revealed multiple preovulatory follicles (greater than or equal to 16 mm) in 2 women after hMG and 1 woman after FSH treatment; therefore, hCG was not administered. In 3 women given FSH, hCG did not induce ovulation. hCG induced ovulation in 8 women given hMG and in 6 women given FSH, based on ultrasonography and plasma progesterone levels. Thus, in the presence of profound gonadotropin deficiency pharmacological doses of FSH, with minute LH contamination, are capable of stimulating ovarian follicular maturation, underlining the key role of FSH in folliculogenesis.
The effects of hormone implants on serum lipoproteins and steroid hormones in bilaterally oophorectomised women (1984)

Serum lipoproteins were measured over a period of 6 months in 14 oophorectomised women treated with oestrogen implants (50 mg oestradiol-17 beta) and 17 oophorectomised women treated with oestrogen/testosterone implants (50 mg oestradiol-17 beta, 100 mg testosterone). Both types of implant caused only minimal changes in lipoprotein metabolism. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol decreased with both types of implant and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol rose with the oestrogen implants. HDL subfractions were also measured. The oestrogen implants caused a transient rise in HDL2 cholesterol levels at 2 months and a slower rise in HDL3 cholesterol. The oestrogen/testosterone implants had no effect on HDL fractions. The results indicate that hormone implants do not cause the profound changes in lipoproteins associated with oral hormone therapy.
Dermatological Problems in the Athlete (1996)

Sports activities expose the skin to a variety of risk factors that can affect an athlete's performance. The sports physical therapist must be able to identify and properly manage dermatological problems encountered by athletes. Common dermatological conditions resulting from mechanical, infectious, environmental, and sexual factors are presented. Discussion of etiology, signs and symptoms, treatment options, and preventative measures are intended to guide the physical therapist in making appropriate decisions regarding skin disorders.
Nanocrystalline ZnO thin film growth by ultrasonic spray from a non-aqueous solution (2009)

In the present work, zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films are deposited by the ultrasonic spray method. In order to study the influence of the nature of the precursor solution, zinc acetate and zinc nitrate salts dissolved in methanol are used respectively to prepare two non-aqueous starting solutions. The influence of substrate temperature on the structural growth kinetics and optical properties of ZnO films is also investigated. For this purpose, the substrate temperature is varied in the range of 250—400°C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that at low temperature the films that are grown contain nanocrystallites with a privileged orientation depending on the nature of the starting precursor; these privileged orientations correspond to the plane (100) for the films deposited with zinc acetate and (002) for films prepared with zinc nitrate precursor. However, with increasing deposition temperature, the privileged orientation disappears. The growth kinetics is closely related to the substrate temperature and to the nature of the starting solution. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations suggest that the liquid droplets react once they reach the substrate surface when zinc acetate precursor is used. However, in the case of zinc nitrate solution, the droplets spread first on the substrate surface followed by the subsequent surface reaction. This difference is explained in terms of the dissociation enthalpy of both solutions.
Does low-molecular-weight heparin improve live birth rates in pregnant women with thrombophilic disorders? A systematic review. (2012)

At present, the use of LMWH in women with inherited thrombophilia with recurrent pregnancy loss is not indicated. Large randomised placebo-controlled trials are further needed to prove the effectiveness of LMWH in these patients.
DETECTION OF BEHAVIOR PATTERNS OF INTEREST USING BIG DATA WHICH HAVE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL ATTRIBUTES (2017)

Abstract. New innovative analytical techniques are emerging to extract patterns in Big Data which have temporal and geospatial attributes. These techniques are required to find patterns of interest in challenging circumstances when geospatial datasets have millions or billions of records and imprecision exists around the exact latitude and longitude of the data. Furthermore, the usual temporal vector approach of years, months, days, hours, minutes and seconds often are computationally expensive and in many cases do not allow the user control of precision necessary to find patterns of interest. Geohashing is a single variable ASCII string representation of two-dimensional geometric coordinates. Time hashing is a similar ASCII representation which combines the temporal aspects of date and time of the data into a one dimensional set of data attributes. Both methods utilize Z-order curves which map multidimensional data into single dimensions while preserving locality of the data records. This paper explores the use of a combination of both geohashing and time hashing that is known as “geo-temporal” hashing or “space-time” boxes. This technique provides a foundation for reducing the data into bins that can yield new methods for pattern discovery and detection in Big Data.
Fluorine-19 relaxation study of perfluoro chemicals as oxygen carriers (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorine-19 relaxation study of perfluoro chemicals as oxygen carriersPejman Parhami and B. M. FungCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1983, 87, 11, 1928–1931Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100234a020https://doi.org/10.1021/j100234a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views323Altmetric-Citations103LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Aspartate Decarboxylation in Bundle Sheath Cells of <i>Zea mays</i> and Its Possible Contribution to C3 Photosynthesis (1981)

Strands of bundle sheath cells isolated from the NADP malic enzyme type C4 species, Zea mays, rapidly decarboxylate malate via NADP malic enzyme. The present studies show that these cells also decarboxylate aspartate, but at much lower rates. Aspartate decarboxylation is dependent upon added 2-oxoglutarate, is partially light dependent, and apparently proceeds via the following reaction sequence: aspartate ͛4 oxaloacetate ͛4 malate ͛4 pyruvate + CO2. Studies of the activity, properties, and location of enzymes indicated that these reactions are catalysed by a mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial or cytoplasmic NAD malate dehydrogenase, and chloroplast-located NADP malic enzyme, respectively. A mitochondria preparation isolated from Z. mays bundle sheath cells converted aspartate to oxaloacetate (with 2-oxoglutarate) and also pyruvate to alanine (with glutamate); the preparation did not reduce oxaloacetate to malate or decarboxylate malate at significant rates. Bundle sheath strands of Z. mays have a relatively limited capacity for HCO3- plus ribose 5-phosphate dependent oxygen evolution and rates were almost as high with aspartate plus 2-oxoglutarate. We suggest that amongst NADP malic enzyme type C4 species there may be a direct relationsip between the capacity of bundle sheath cells to decarboxylate aspartate and their potential for the photosystem II-mediated oxygen evolution.
Purchase likelihood prediction for targeted organic food marketing campaigns in China (2014)

The demand for organic food products in China is growing in response to both increased spending power and food safety concerns. However, identifying likely buyers of organic products proves challenging due to their relatively small fraction in the overall population. Our study explores applications of machine learning algorithms for effective management of organic food marketing campaigns in China. Based on the data we collected through an online choice-experiment type questionnaire of Chinese consumers, a purchase likelihood estimation framework has been developed that utilizes customer profile traits such as age group, family status, education level, and geographic location. In addition, we apply clustering techniques to perform data-driven organic market segmentation and identify consumer profiles ready to pay more for high quality, certified organic products. The resulting market segments are compared to various types of organic consumers discussed in the literature. Our algorithms provide a useful framework for online retailers who are seeking lean strategies of market entry in China with their health food brands.
Dielectric molding apparatus Patent (1971)

Dielectric apparatus for heating, fusing, and hardening of organic matrix to form plastic material into shaped product
Size determination of sonicated vesicles by freeze‐fracture electron microscopy, using the spray‐freezing method (1980)

SUMMARY The usefulness of spray‐freezing for determining the sizes of sonicated vesicles of egg lecithin with various cholesterol concentrations has been demonstrated. It is found that vesicles of egg lecithin increase in average size with increasing cholesterol concentrations, in agreement with measurements obtained with other techniques.