gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sulfur Impurities and the Microstructure of Alumina Scales (1997)

The relationship between the microstructure of alumina scales, adhesion, and sulfur content was examined through a series of nickel alloys oxidized in 1100 to 1200 deg. C cyclic or isothermal exposures in air. In cyclic tests of undoped NiCrAl, adhesion was produced when the sulfur content was reduced, without any change in scale microstructure. Although interfacial voids were not observed in cyclic tests of NiCrAl, they were promoted by long-term isothermal exposures, by sulfur doping, and in most exposures of NiAl. Two single crystal superalloys, PWA 1480 and Rene' N5, were also tested, either in the as-received condition or after the sulfur content had been reduced to less than 1 ppmw by hydrogen annealing. The unannealed alloys always exhibited spalling to bare metal, but interfacial voids were not observed consistently. Desulfurized PWA 1480 and Rene' N5 exhibited remarkable adhesion and no voidage for either isothermal or cyclic exposures. The most consistent microstructural feature was that, for the cases where voids did form, the scale undersides exhibited corresponding areas with ridged oxide grain boundaries. Voids were not required for spallation nor were other microstructural features essential for adhesion. These observations are consistent with the model whereby scale spallation is controlled primarily by interfacial sulfur segregation and the consequent degradation of oxide-metal bonding.
Regenerative PEM Fuel Cell Systems for Low Earth Orbit Satellites (2000)

Abstract Thanks to recent considerable progress in proton exchange membrane (PEM) technology, fuel cells and electrolyzers are on the verge of widespread commercialization. When a fuel cell and an electrolyzer are combined, a regenerative fuel cell (RFC) system is formed. By using an auxiliary power supply, such as solar power, for recharging, an RFC provides a complete power system for niche markets such as low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellites. The thermodynamics of RFC systems are presented, and design tradeoffs are investigated: a unitized system, where the fuel cell and the electrolyzer are combined into a single electrochemical device, is compared to a discrete system, where the fuel cell and the electrolyzer are discrete components. The analyses show that the RFC is well suited for LEO space applications, due to an appropriate charge/discharge cycle, and represents a high-energy-density, high-efficiency power solution.
MOTETS A CAPPELLA / l'Ensemble vocal Philippe CAILLARD dir. Philippe CAILLARD (1961)

Comprend : CRUCIFIXUS / A. LOTTI - BEATA ES / G. GABRIELI - EXSULTATE DEO / H.L. HASSLER - DESCENDE IN HORTUM / A. de FEVIN - EGO SUM PANIS / G.P. da PALESTRINA - FACTUS EST / G. AICHINGER - O JESU CHRISTE / J. VAN BERCHEM - O MAGNUM MYSTERIUM - VERE LANGUORES / Tomas Luis da VICTORIA - EXSULTATE JUSTI / L. da VIADANA - SUPER FLUMINA - CHRISTUS RESURGENS / Roland de LASSUS
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma/Pro12Ala polymorphism and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha/Gly482Ser polymorphism in patients with sarcoidosis. (2008)

Our results indicate that the presence of the Ala allele at the PPARG/Pro12Ala polymorphism and the Ser allele at the PPARGC1A/Gly482Ser polymorphism may be a predisposing factor for sarcoidosis.
Chlamydia pneumoniae infection associated with enhanced MRI spinal lesions in multiple sclerosis (2002)

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 66 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 25 patients with other neurological diseases (OND) were examined for the infection of Chlamydia pneumoniae by culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, and determination of antibodies to C. pneumoniae. PCR was positive not only in 9 of 28 (32%) patients with MS but also in 2 patents with inflammatory disorders in 15 (13%) OND controls (p = 0.18). Viable C. pneumoniae was isolated from one patient with MS and one with paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis. C. pneumoniae could be detected only in cell-containing CSF. In MS, enhanced spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions were detected in all of four PCR-positive patents but none of five PCR-negative patients, and the difference was significant (p = 0.0079). However, no correlation was found between enhanced brain MRI lesions and CSF C. pneumoniae DNA. Elevated titers of anti-C. pneumoniae IgG were detected in CSF in 13 of 66 (20%) patients with MS and 1 of 25 (4%) OND controls (p = 0.064). CNS C. pneumoniae infection is not uncommon in MS as well as in other inflammatory disorders of the nervous system. The association of active spinal lesions with Chlamydia in CSF collected by lumber puncture suggests the detection of a recent infection. On the other hand, the lack of association of active MS brain lesions with CSF Chlamydia and the presence of PCR-positive patents who are clinically stable and have no enhancing MRI lesions imply the existence of a chronic infectious process.
Probabilistic model of AFDX frames reception for end system backlog assessment (2017)

The Avionics Full-Duplex Switched Ethernet (AFDX) network has established itself as a reference in aeronautical embedded communications to comply with the growth of bandwidth needs and the reliability requirements. Its determinism property imposes that AFDX frames have to transit through the network in a limited amount of time. Due to potential delays in the processing frames at a reception End-System, the frames have to be stored in a reception buffer. Generally, the buffer is dimensioned enough large to avoid prohibitive frame losses, but it results a waste of memory resources. The buffer dimensioning issue requires an analysis of the reception flow to determine the worst frame backlog. As the frame backlog is maximal when a sequence of back-to-back frames is received by the ES, the key point is to estimate the occurrences of such SBFs on a representative sample of received frames. In this paper, we address this issue using a probabilistic model based on local Gaussian distributions, and we propose results for a range of typical configuration tables of the reception End-System.
Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 by diallyl sulfides (DAS) in HEK 293T cells. (2004)

Cyclooxygenase (COX) is involved in modulating inflammatory response through the synthesis of prostaglandins. The inducible isoform of the enzyme, COX-2, is overexpressed in some malignant and premalignant lesions. Several preclinical and clinical studies have reported COX-2 inhibition as an effective strategy for chemoprevention. Nonsteroidal anitinflammatory drugs (NASIDs) such as celecoxib, are the most widely investigated COX-2 inhibitors. The oil-soluble diallyl sulfides (DAS) include monosulfides (DAMS), disulfides (DADS) and trisulfides (DATS). They were found to be effective against canine and human tumors, the mechanism of which remains unresolved. We attempted a comparative evaluation of the antiproliferative effect of DAS in HEK 293T cells. The cells were treated with increasing concentrations of DAMS, DADS and DATS. There were significant differences between the IC50 values of DAMS, DADS and DATS. RT-PCR was performed and the expression of COX-2 was compared with that of b actin. DATS inhibited COX-2 gene expression significantly stronger than DAMS and DADS. The data are suggestive of antineoplastic effect of DAS, mediated by controlling COX-2 expression.
Addition of bridging-hydrosulfido ligands in diiridium complex to acrylonitrile. Synthesis of diiridium cyanoethylthiolato complexes and RuIr<sub>2</sub> sulfido-cyanoethylthiolato cluster (2001)

Treatment of [Cp*Ir(µ-SH) 3 IrCp*]Cl (Cp* = η 5 -C 5 Me 5 ) with acrylonitrile and NEt 3 in MeCN or ClCH 2 CH 2 Cl gave [Cp*Ir(µ-SCH 2 CH 2 CN) 3 IrCp*] + , [Cp*Ir(µ-S)(µ-SCH 2 CH 2 CN) 2 IrCp*] (3), or [Cp*Ir(µ-SCH 2 CH 2 CN) 2 (µ-SCH 2 CH 2 Cl)IrCp*] + , depending upon the conditions employed. From the reaction of 3 with [(Cp*Ru) 4 (µ-Cl) 4 ], a sulfido-thiolato cluster [Cp* 3 RuIr 2 (µ 3 -S)(µ-SCH 2 CH 2 CN) 2 Cl] was obtained.Key words: diiridium complex, thiolate, sulfide, ruthenium, cluster.
On numerical solutions to one-dimensional integration problems with applications to linear light sources (2001)

Many key problems in computer graphics require the computation of integrals. Due to the nature of the integrand and of the domain of integration, these integrals seldom can be computed analytically. As a result, numerical techniques are used to find approximate solutions to these problems. While the numerical analysis literature offers many integration techniques, the choice of which method to use for specific computer graphic problems is a difficult one. This choice must be driven by the numerical efficiency of the method, and ultimately, by its visual impact on the computed image. In this paper, we begin to address these issues by methodically analyzing deterministic and stochastic numerical techniques and their application to the type of one-dimensional problems that occur in computer graphics, especially in the context of linear light source integration. In addition to traditional methods such as Gauss-Legendre quadratures, we also examine Voronoi diagram-based sampling, jittered quadratures, random offset quadratures, weighted Monte Carlo, and a newly introduced method of compounding known as a difficulty driven compound quadrature .We compare the effectiveness of these methods using a three-pronged approach. First, we compare the frequency domain characteristics of all the methods using periodograms. Next, applying ideas found in the numerical analysis literature, we examine the numerical and visual performance profiles of these methods for seven different one-parameter problem families. We then present results from the application of the methods for the example of linear light sources. Finally, we summarize the relative effectiveness of the methods surveyed, showing the potential power of difficulty-driven compound quadratures.
Human Factors Considerations in the Design and Evaluation of a Helmet Mounted Display Using a Light Emitting Diode Matrix (1978)

The human factors considerations in the design and evaluation of a helmet mounted display (HMD) using a light emitting diode (LED) matrix are discussed. Specific issues including: helmet weight, bulk, image brightness/contrast, exit pupil size, reduction in visual field, and restriction of head movement were addressed and tradeoffs evaluated. The HMD was evaluated in flight as a device to provide energy maneuverability data to pilots. Preliminary findings are discussed.
Waves in inhomogeneous plasmas and wave-energy relations (2006)

Thus far in our discussion of wave propagation it has been assumed that the plasma is spatially uniform. While this assumption simplifies analysis, the real world is usually not so accommodating and it is plausible that spatial non-uniformity might modify wave propagation. The modification could be just a minor adjustment or it could be profound. Spatial non-uniformity might even produce entirely new kinds of waves. As will be seen, all these possibilities can occur.
A fundamental study on estimation method of 10 m test-range electric field strengeth by near-field measurment (2014)

In this paper, we have fundamentally studied the estimation of 10 m test-range electric field strength height pattern by means of measuring the tangential electromagnetic fields on the cubic surface surrounding Bi-conical and Log-periodic antennas placed above the ground plane by using the differential electric and magnetic probe. The analysis frequency range is from 30 MHz to 1GHz, and the polarization is both horizontal and vertical. The 10 m test-range electric field strength is calculated according to Field Equivalent Principle through replacing the electromagnetic fields with the equivalent surface currents. And also, the ground plane is hypothesized the infinite conductive plane, and the image receiving point is formed against the real receiving point above the ground plane. The 10 m test-range electric field strength is calculated by adding the each estimated electric field both the real and image receiving point. As the results, the estimation of 10 m test-rang electric field strength height patterns at each polarization are in agreement with NEC2-calculation. There are within ±1 dB, except null points. The estimation results with the condition of ground plane demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Triquinane sesquiterpenes. An iterative, highly stereocontrolled synthesis of (.+-.)-silphinene (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTriquinane sesquiterpenes. An iterative, highly stereocontrolled synthesis of (.+-.)-silphineneLeo A. Paquette and Andrea Leone-BayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 25, 7352–7358Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00363a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00363a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views928Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
In vitro nucleoside specific immune response by lymphocytes from systemic lupus erythematosus. (1983)

The in vitro immune response of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) lymphocytes to nucleosides conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) (A,G,C,T-KLH) was investigated. The nucleosides were chosen not only because they are a part of nucleic acid antigen and involved in autoimmunity, but also because nucleoside covalently bound to either soluble IgG or cells had been shown to induce unresponsiveness in mice. A significant proliferation index was induced in SLE lymphocytes, as compared with normal or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) lymphocytes in vitro [in (A,G,C,T)-KLH, 1 microgram/ml; stimulation index = M +/- SE, SLE 2.10 +/- 0.26, RA 1.06 +/- 0.14, normal 1.12 +/- 0.12 P less than 0.05]. Lymphocytes from SLE patients responded specifically to low doses of (A,G,C,T)-KLH and not to the protein carrier KLH alone. A solid-phase radioimmunoassay was developed to detect nucleoside-specific antibody. SLE lymphocytes spontaneously produced high levels of anti-A,G,C,T antibody. This was further increased by antigenic stimulation, but not with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulation. In contrast normal lymphocytes failed to produce anti-A,G,C,T antibody either spontaneously or in response to antigen. However, normal lymphocytes produced antibody after stimulation with PWM. More importantly, anti-A,G,C,T antibody production by SLE lymphocytes was suppressed by preincubation with A,G,C,T-IgG (A,G,C,T-HGG). The antigen-specific unresponsiveness caused by A,G,C,T-HGG was demonstrated by the observation that preincubation with A,G,C,T-HGG did not affect the production of anti-dinitrophenyl antibody response. The ability to manipulate the altered response of SLE lymphocytes to nucleic acid antigens may have therapeutic implications in these patients.
The synthesis and structural characterisation of some azo-containing phosphine chalcogenides and comparison to non-phosphorus-containing analogues (2001)

p-HO-Ph(Ph2)P(E) (E = S, 1b, Se, 1c) reacts with the diazonium salts [4-R-PhNN][BF4] (R = H, Me, Et, iPr, tBu, NMe2, NO2) to afford the new compounds [1-HO-2-(4-R-PhNN)-4-Ph2P(E)C6H3] (E = S, R = H, 2a; Me, 2b; Et, 2c; iPr, 2d; tBu, 2e; NMe2, 2f; NO2, 2g; E = Se, R = H, 2h; Me, 2i) in acceptable yield. Similarly m-HO-Ph(Ph2)P(S) 3 reacts with two molar equivalents of the diazonium salts [4-R-PhNN][BF4] (R = H, Me, NMe2, NO2) to give the new compounds 1-HO-2,4-(4-R-PhNN)-3-Ph2P(S)-C6H24a–d (R = H, 4a; Me, 4b; NMe2, 4c; NO2, 4d). All of the new compounds have been characterised by elemental analysis, 1H, 31P-{1H}, 13C-{1H}-NMR spectroscopy and in selected cases UV–visible spectroscopy. The selectivity in the substitution reactions of 3 with the diazonium salts is influenced not only by the steric bulk of the Ph2PS moiety but by the ortho-effect too. These data have been compared to those obtained from analogous coupling reactions between m-cresol and one and two molar equivalents of [4-Me-PhNN][BF4] which afford 1-HO-3-CH3-4-(4-Me-PhNN)C6H35 and 1-HO-3-CH3-2,4-(4-Me-PhNN)C6H26 respectively. The compounds 2b·0.55CH2Cl2·0.2C6H14, 4b·CH2Cl2, 5 and 6b have been further characterised by X-ray crystallography.
Coding Theorems for a Discrete Source With a Fidelity CriterionInstitute of Radio Engineers, International Convention Record, vol. 7, 1959. (2009)

<P>Consider a discrete source producing a sequence of message letters from a finite alphabet. A single-letter distortion measure is given by a non-negative matrix (<I>d<INF>ij</INF> </I>). The entry <I>d<INF>ij</INF> </I> measures the ?cost? or ?distortion? if letter <I>i</I> is reproduced at the receiver as letter <I>j</I>. The average distortion of a communications system (source-coder-noisy channel-decoder) is taken to be <I>d</I> = ?<I> <INF>i.j</INF> </I> <I>P<INF>ij</INF>d<INF>ij</INF> </I> where <I>P<INF>ij</INF> </I> is the probability of <I>i</I> being reproduced as <I>j</I>. It is shown that there is a function <I>R</I>(<I>d</I>) that measures the ?equivalent rate? of the source for a given level of distortion. For coding purposes where a level <I>d</I> of distortion can be tolerated, the source acts like one with information rate <I>R</I>(<I>d</I>). Methods are given for calculating <I>R</I>(<I>d</I>), and various properties discussed. Finally, generalizations to ergodic sources, to continuous sources, and to distortion measures involving blocks of letters are developed.</P> <P>In this paper a study is made of the problem of coding a discrete source of information, given a <I>fidelity criterion</I> or a <I>measure of the distortion</I> of the final recovered message at the receiving point relative to the actual transmitted message. In a particular case there might be a certain tolerable level of distortion as determined by this measure. It is desired to so encode the information that the maximum possible signaling rate is obtained without exceeding the tolerable distortion level. This work is an expansion and detailed elaboration of ideas presented earlier [1], with particular reference to the discrete case.</P> <P>We shall show that for a wide class of distortion measures and discrete sources of information there exists a function <I>R</I>(<I>d</I>) (depending on the particular distortion measure and source) which measures, in a sense, the equivalent rate <I>R</I> of the source (in bits per letter produced) when <I>d</I> is the allowed distortion level. Methods will be given for evaluating <I>R</I>(<I>d</I>) explicitly in certain simple cases and for evaluating <I>R</I>(<I>d</I>) by a limiting process in more complex cases. The basic results are roughly that it is impossible to signal at a rate faster than <I>C</I> / <I>R</I>(<I>d</I>) (source letters per second) over a memoryless channel of capacity <I>C</I> (bits per second) with a distortion measure less than or equal to <I>d</I>. On the other hand, by sufficiently long block codes it is possible to approach as closely as desired the rate <I>C</I> / <I>R</I>(<I>d</I>) with distortion level <I>d</I>.</P> <P>Finally, some particular examples, using error probability per letter of message and other simple distortion measures, are worked out in detail.</P>
Changes in Plasma Cholesterol Levels after Hospitalization for Acute Coronary Events (1996)

During the 3 months following hospital admission for an acute coronary event, total cholesterol levels are not representative of the patient's baseline values. Management of hypercholesterolemia in this setting requires the use of baseline (preadmission) total cholesterol values.
Imaging Tumor Vascularization for Detection and Diagnosis of Breast Cancer (2011)

Breast cancer is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in western women. Current screening and diagnostic imaging modalities, like x-ray mammography and ultrasonography, focus on morphological changes of breast tissue. However, these techniques still miss some cancers and often falsely detect cancer. The sensitivity and specificity for detecting the disease can probably be improved by focusing on the consequences of tumor angiogenesis: the increased microvessel density with altered vascular characteristics. In this review, various techniques for imaging breast tumor vasculature are discussed. Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is the most-used imaging modality in this field. It has a proven high sensitivity, but a low specificity and cannot be applied in all women. Moreover, it has problems with detecting ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). On the contrary, contrast enhanced digital mammography can detect DCIS, but requires the use of ionizing radiation. Contrast enhanced ultrasound provides real-time information about true intravascular blood volume and flow. However, this technique still has difficulties with discriminating benign from malignant tissue. Moreover, these three imaging modalities all require the injection of contrast agents. Two relatively new techniques that do not use external contrast agents are diffuse optical imaging and photoacoustic imaging. Both visualize the increased concentration of hemoglobin in malignant tissue and thereby provide a high intrinsic contrast.
Benzocyclobutenes. Part 6. Reactions of substituted benzocyclobutene-1,2-diones with o-phenylenediamine (1981)

Condensation of the 4-hydroxy-(3), 4,5-dichloro-(4), 3,6-dimethoxy-(5), and 4,5-benzo-(9) derivatives of benzocyclobutene-1,2-dione with o-phenylenediamine gave the corresponding 5,10-diazabenzo[b]biphenylenes, (13)–(16) whereas the similar condensation of the 4-methoxy-(6), 4,5-dimethoxy-(7), and 4,5-dibromo-(8) derivatives, also cyclobuta(l)phenanthrene-1,2-dione, unexpectedly gave derivatives of dibenzo[b,f][1,4]-diazocine-6,11(5H,12H)-dione (20)–(23). Treatment of the 4-hydroxy-dione (3) with 1.4 equivalents of o-phenylenediamine gave 1,2-bis-(2-aminophenylimino)benzocyclobuten-4-ol (18) and condensation of the phenanthrodione with the diamine in presence of phosphoric anhydride gave dibenz[a,c]isoindolo[2,1-a]-benzimidazol-15-one (25).