gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stimulatory Effect of Calcium Ions on <i>p</i>-Aminohippurate Accumulation by Rat Kidney Cortical Slices (1981)

The effect of external Ca2+ on p-aminohippurate (PAH) transport was examined using rat kidney cortical slices. External Ca2+ increased the initial rate of PAH uptake, markedly enhanced its maximal accumulation at steady-state conditions and depressed the efflux. Kinetic studies revealed that increasing external Ca2+ from 0 to 2.5 mM resulted in an increase in the Vmax of transport, while the apparent Km values remained constant. When the intracellular Na+ levels of the slices were equal, PAH accumulation was increased in the presence of Ca2+. A divalent cation such as Ba2+, Mn2+ or Sr2+ enhanced PAH accumulation to at least the same degree as Ca2+. While Mg2+ had no effect, La3+ exhibited a little stimulatory effect on the PAH accumulation. We suggest that the stimulatory action of Ca2+ on PAH accumulation is in part dissociated from that of Na+ gradient and that Ca2+ can be substituted by Ba2+, Mn2+ and Sr2+ with regard to the stimulation of PAH accumulation.
Concentrations of immunoactive inhibin in serum during human pregnancy: evidence for an ovarian contribution (1991)

Immunoactive inhibin (ir-inhibin) concentrations in maternal serum during normal human pregnancy have been established in two separate studies employing cross-sectional and longitudinal sampling regimes. Ir-inhibin concentrations rose from the mid-luteal phase (geometric mean + 95% confidence intervals 1.490 (1.086-2.028) U mL-1) to peak at week 11 of gestation (3.77 (3.26-4.35) U mL-1), declined to a plateau from 14 to 25 weeks with means ranging from 1.8 to 2.3 U mL-1, and subsequently rose slowly to a peak of 6.53 U mL-1 at 41 weeks. In the longitudinal study, similar results were obtained and no differences were found in maternal inhibin levels in women carrying male or female fetuses. Paired cord blood and maternal samples showed no significant difference in ir-inhibin concentrations irrespective of the sex of the fetus. However, in all such pregnancies amniotic fluid ir-inhibin levels were 2-3 fold greater than maternal or fetal levels raising the possibility that the amnion may secrete inhibin. In 12 women without functional ovaries in whom a singleton pregnancy was achieved by donation of oocytes and in vitro fertilization, the ir-inhibin levels showed a similar pattern in the first trimester of pregnancy but the concentrations achieved were markedly lower (peak 1.1 U mL-1 at 9 weeks). In five women from the group in whom samples were available late in gestation, three showed greater than normal levels and two had subnormal levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Extracting Precise Link Context Using NLP Parsing Technique (2005)

Link context has been exploited extensively ever since the advent of the World Wide Web, but the approach to extracting precise link context has not been fully explored and many state-of-the-art extraction methods are based on simplistic heuristics and require ad-hoc parameters. In this paper, we propose a novel two-step extraction model, which aims to systematically derive link context of quality as high as anchor text. In the macroscopic analysis step, a systematic web page structure analysis is performed to locate the content cohesive text region and potential relevant header or header like tags. In the microscopic extraction step, an English parser is used to extract the relevant sentence fragments in the text region and the nearest heading text is encompassed if the need arises. Preliminary experimental results proved our approach's effectiveness.
Evaluation of conductance and impedance testing on VRLA batteries for the Stenter Operating Companies (2002)

Conductance and impedance testing have been proposed in recent years as possible methods of assessing the condition of VRLA (valve regulated Pb-acid) batteries. This paper presents extensive data gathered and analyses it in a number of ways. It includes studying the variance in measurements, correlation with capacity, calculation of 80% cutoff values, box score analysis, investigation of historic trends and intertest-set comparisons. Although conductance and impedance were found to be partly related to capacity, a number of variables and sources of error were identified which significantly affect the accuracy of results. Conductance and impedance testing were found to be a useful aid in identifying good and bad batteries. A number of proposed procedures are suggested for making effective use of these tools.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
BOOTSTRAPPING SYNTACTIC CATEGORIES (1992)

In learning the structure of a new domain, it appears necessary to simultaneously discover an appropriate set of categories and a set of rules defined over them. W e show how this bootstrapping problem m a y be solved in the case of learning syntactic categories, without making assumptions about the nature of linguistic rules. Each word is described by a vector of bigram statistics, which describe the distribution of local contexts in which it occurs; cluster analysis with respect to an appropriate similarity metric groups together words with similar distributions of contexts. Using large noisy untagged corpora of English, the resulting clusters are in good agreement with a standard linguistic analysis. A similar method is also applied to classify short sequences of words into phrasal syntactic categories. This statistical approach can be straightforwardly reahsed in a neural network, which finds syntactically interesting categories from real text, whereas the principal alternative network approach is limited to finding the categories in small artificial grammars. The general strategy, using simple statistics to find interesting categories without assumptions about the nature of the irrelevant rules defined over those categories, m a y be applicable to other domains.
Cryopreservation of Marine Unicellular Algae. I. A. Survey of Algae with Regard to Size, Culture, Age, Photosynthetic Activity and Chlorophyll-to-Cell Ratio (1980)

About a dozen species of marine unicellular algae were cultivated under constant growth conditions and tested for their ability to survive freezing in liquid nitrogen. All species survived uncontrolled direct freezing in liquid nitrogen poorly; however, the addition of a cryoprotective agent, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and the application of a two-step cooling procedure enhanced the freezing resistance of most algae. Optimal conditions for two-step cooling were initial cooling in 5 '/o dimethylsulfoxide to -30 "C, then freezing in liquid nitrogen, and finally thawing at 30 OC. Freezing tolerance of viable algae was not related to culture age, photosynthetic activity or chlorophyll-to-cell ratio, but rather was specifically related to the algal species, and in a few cases to the algal size and to the specific growth rate. These observations indicate that the cryopreservation capability of unicellular marine algae is closely related to the intrinsic characteristics of the algae and to certain cellular properties of the cell.
Searching algorithms of the optimal radix of exponential bidirectional associative memory (2002)

Due to the limitation of the dynamic range of VLSI circuits in the implementation of the exponential bidirectional associative memory (eBAM), the optimal radix must be found in order to get the maximal dimension for the eBAM. It is also necessary to update the radix when new pattern pairs are to be stored. An optimal updating algorithm for the radix is also present. Besides, a pattern pair training algorithm is proposed to ensure every trained pair stored in the eBAM will be recalled when an input pair is located in its basin with radius r. >
Management of malignant pleural effusions with pleuroperitoneal shunting. (1994)

Malignant pleural effusions are often debilitating conditions for the patient with advanced carcinoma. Traditionally, treatment has been repeated thoracentesis or tube thoracostomy with instillation of sclerosing agents. However, this required the patient to be hospitalized and to have pain and inconveniences of the chest tubes. The drainage also had to be low enough for sclerotherapy to be effective. In 1982, the pleuroperitoneal shunt became a feasible alternative to sclerotherapy. We began using the Denver pleuroperitoneal shunt in July 1991. Twenty shunts were inserted into 19 patients during a two year period ending June 30, 1993. All patients but one were relieved of dyspnea. The mean duration of patency was 26 months and fewer than 25 percent of the shunts clotted before the death of the patient. Our favorable experience with the shunt has resulted in us recommending the Denver pleuroperitoneal shunt for treatment of recurrent malignant pleural effusions and selectively as primary treatment.
Navigation and communications systems (1989)

There has been a growing trend toward incorporation of various types of communications function within navigation systems to create systems which provide greater functionability as compared to navigation systems which provide route-guidance functions alone. The authors, believing that navigation systems with greater position determination precision are necessary in these types of systems, have developed a VNS (Vehicle Navigation System). In this paper they discuss this VNS system, as well as applications for various VNS systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ocular Findings Six Years After Intravitreal Silicone Injection (1976)

A case of giant retinal tear treated by injection with dimethicone 350 (medical fluid silicone) was observed for six years before enucleation. About four months after the injection, signs of anterior segment ischemia were evident. A year after the injection, an injury resulted in displacement of dimethicone 350 into the anterior chamber. Enucleation was done because of pain.
Functional expression of the particulate methane mono-oxygenase gene in recombinant<i>Rhodococcus erythropolis</i> (2006)

In order to construct an expression system for the particulate methane mono-oxygenase (pMMO) gene (pmo), the structural gene cluster pmoCAB amplified from Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b was inserted into a shuttle vector pBS305 under the control of a dsz promoter and transformed into Rhodococcus erythropolis LSSE8-1. A stable transformant was successfully obtained using ethane as the sole carbon source. Fluorescence in situ hybridization results showed that the dsz promoter allowed the pmo genes to be transcribed in the recombinant strain. The effects of Cu2+ and Zn2+ concentrations on cell growth and pMMO activity in ethane-containing medium were examined. It was discovered that 7.5 microM Cu2+ and 1.8 microM Zn2+ were suitable to achieve high cell concentration and pMMO activity, but the amount of methanol accumulated during methane oxidation by the recombinant strain was still low.
Flexible Carbon Nanotube Composite Sensors for Medical Device Application (2013)

Flexible carbon nanotube composite sensors for medical device applications have been developed using small loadings of multi-walled carbon nanotubes dispersed into medical grade liquid silicone rubber for the purpose of measuring stress, strain and load placed on or by a medical device. The sensors may be attached to a medical device or molded within a medical device, such as an expandable balloon.
Altered Hepatic Lipid Metabolism Contributes to Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Leptin-Deficient Ob/Ob Mice (2013)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly linked to obesity, insulin resistance, and abnormal hepatic lipid metabolism; however, the precise regulation of these processes remains poorly understood. Here we examined genes and proteins involved in hepatic oxidation and lipogenesis in 14-week-old leptin-deficient Ob/Ob mice, a commonly studied model of obesity and hepatic steatosis. Obese Ob/Ob mice had increased fasting glucose, insulin, and calculated HOMA-IR as compared with lean wild-type (WT) mice. Ob/Ob mice also had greater liver weights, hepatic triglyceride (TG) content, and markers of de novo lipogenesis, including increased hepatic gene expression and protein content of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), as well as elevated gene expression of PPARγ and SREBP-1c compared with WT mice. While hepatic mRNA levels for PGC-1α, PPARα, and TFAM were elevated in Ob/Ob mice, measures of mitochondrial function (β-HAD activity and complete (to CO(2)) and total mitochondrial palmitate oxidation) and mitochondrial OXPHOS protein subunits I, III, and V content were significantly reduced compared with WT animals. In summary, reduced hepatic mitochondrial content and function and an upregulation in de novo lipogenesis contribute to obesity-associated NAFLD in the leptin-deficient Ob/Ob mouse.
Notch signalling in cancer progression and bone metastasis (2011)

Classically known for its indispensible role in embryonic development, the Notch signalling pathway is gaining recognition for its regulation of adult tissue homoeostasis and aberrant activation in disease pathogenesis. The pathway has been implicated in cancer initiation and development, as well as early stages of cancer progression by regulating conserved cellular programs such as the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. We recently extended the role of Notch signalling to late stages of tumour progression by elucidating a stroma-dependent mechanism for the pathway in osteolytic bone metastasis. Of clinical significance, disrupting the Notch pathway and associated molecular mediators of Notch-dependent bone metastasis may provide novel therapeutic strategies to combat aggressive bone metastatic disease.
Comparison of Tibial Plateau Angles in Normal and Cranial Cruciate Deficient Stifles of Labrador Retrievers (2003)

In Labrador retrievers, TPA should not be used as a predictor of CCL rupture.
Optimization of acyclic bandwidth allocation exploiting the priority mechanism in the FieldBus data link layer (1993)

In process control applications, the bandwidth assigned to acyclic traffic is oversized in order to ensure that the time constraints of control traffic are met. In the FieldBus, a protocol designed to support the exchange of information between sensors/actuators and regulating elements in an automation environment, this means allocating an excessive portion of the macrocycle to acyclic traffic. The use of traffic management based on priority can allow more efficient management of the available bandwidth. The authors analyze the priority mechanism provided for in the FieldBus data link layer and assess various strategies for management of aperiodic traffic and different application scenarios.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Emerging biometric developments: identifying the missing pieces for industry (2002)

There are a number of emerging developments that are important to the continued commercial growth of the biometrics industry. These are altering the way biometrics is perceived by both the general public and by business users. In particular, it is forcing a level of professionalism and transparency in an industry that, in the past, has often operated in a relatively sheltered environment. This paper explores some of the recent policy, standards and research developments in biometrics. The main finding of the paper is that while the biometric industry has moved forward significantly in recent years, there remain major gaps to be filled before business users will widely deploy biometrics solutions.
Nonlinear system compensation based on orthogonal polynomial inverses (2001)

Nonlinear compensation using power series inverses suffers from various limitations, resulting from the coupling between the nonorthogonal basis elements used to represent the nonlinearity. These problems can be largely overcome by using representations of the nonlinearity and its inverse, based on orthogonal representations. We give a brief discussion of the disadvantages of the power series compensation technique. We then present a technique for composing and inverting orthogonal representations. Using this inversion technique, we derive a nonlinear compensation method that is based on the removal of specific terms in the orthogonal series. Compared with the power series method, this provides much better cancellation, and in some cases complete removal, of selected distortion terms. We illustrate the technique using examples involving narrow-band and broad-band inputs. We then investigate the robustness of the orthogonal compensation approach to variations in input signal properties.
Highly Viscous Antibody Solutions Are a Consequence of Network Formation Caused by Domain–Domain Electrostatic Complementarities: Insights from Coarse-Grained Simulations (2014)

Therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) candidates that form highly viscous solutions at concentrations above 100 mg/mL can lead to challenges in bioprocessing, formulation development, and subcutaneous drug delivery. Earlier studies of mAbs with concentration-dependent high viscosity have indicated that mAbs with negatively charged Fv regions have a dipole-like quality that increases the likelihood of reversible self-association. This suggests that weak electrostatic intermolecular interactions can form transient antibody networks that participate in resistance to solution deformation under shear stress. Here this hypothesis is explored by parametrizing a coarse-grained (CG) model of an antibody using the domain charges from four different mAbs that have had their concentration-dependent viscosity behaviors previously determined. Multicopy molecular dynamics simulations were performed for these four CG mAbs at several concentrations to understand the effect of surface charge on mass diffusivity, pairwise interactions, and electrostatic network formation. Diffusion coefficients computed from simulations were in qualitative agreement with experimentally determined viscosities for all four mAbs. Contact analysis revealed an overall greater number of pairwise interactions for the two mAbs in this study with high concentration viscosity issues. Further, using equilibrated solution trajectories, the two mAbs with high concentration viscosity issues quantitatively formed more features of an electrostatic network than the other mAbs. The change in the number of these network features as a function of concentration is related to the number of pairwise interactions formed by electrostatic complementarities between antibody domains. Thus, transient antibody network formation caused by domain-domain electrostatic complementarities is the most probable origin of high concentration viscosity for mAbs in this study.
Deficiency of a cholinergic differentiating factor in fibroblasts of patients with Alzheimer's disease (1987)

Abstract Skin fibroblasts from patients with Alzheimer's disease and from apparently normal control subjects were compared for their production of a cholinergic differentiating factor. The factor's activity was assayed by measuring the induction of choline acetltransferase (CAT) activity in cultured sympathetic neurons. Culture medium conditioned by exposure to normal human fibroblasts induced substantial levles of CAT activity in sympathetic neurons, indicating that human fibroblasts produce a soluble factor that promotes cholinergic expression. In contrast, medium conditioned by Alzheimer fibroblasts induced only about one‐third as much CAT activity, a highly significant reduction ( p < 0.01). These observations suggest that Alzheimer fibroblasts may be deficient in their secretion of a cholinergic factor and raise the possibility that the pathophysiology of the disease is related to a defect in the release of this factor. The fibroblast abnormalities suggest that Alzheimer's disease may be a systemic disease involving nonneuronal cells that are outside as well as within the brain.
Thermodynamic and kinetic determinants of <i>Thermotoga maritima</i> cold shock protein stability: A structural and dynamic analysis (2007)

The cold shock protein (CSP) from hyperthermophile Thermotoga maritima (TmCSP) is only marginally stable (DeltaG(T(opt)) = 0.3 kcal/mol) at 353 K, the optimum environmental temperature (T(opt)) for T. maritima. In comparison, homologous CSPs from E. coli (DeltaG(T(opt)) = 2.2 kcal/mol) and B. subtilis (DeltaG(T(opt)) = 1.5 kcal/mol) are at least five times more stable at 310 K, the T(opt) for the mesophiles. Yet at the room temperature, TmCSP is more stable (DeltaG(T(R)) = 4.7 kcal/mol) than its homologues (DeltaG(T(R)) = 3.0 kcal/mol for E. coli CSP and DeltaG(T(R)) = 2.1 kcal/mol for B. subtilis CSP). This unique observation suggests that kinetic, rather than thermodynamic, barriers toward unfolding might help TmCSP native structure at high temperatures. Consistently, the unfolding rate of TmCSP is considerably slower than its homologues. High temperature (600 K) complete unfolding molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of TmCSP support our hypothesis and reveal an unfolding scheme unique to TmCSP. For all the studied homologues of TmCSP, the unfolding process first starts at the C-terminal region and N-terminal region unfolds in the end. But for TmCSP, both the terminals resist unfolding for consistently longer simulation times and, in the end, unfold simultaneously. In TmCSP, the C-terminal region is better fortified and has better interactions with the N-terminal region due to the charged residues, R2, E47, E49, H61, K63, and E66, being in spatial vicinity. The electrostatic interactions among these residues are unique to TmCSP. Consistently, the room temperature MD simulations show that TmCSP is more rigid at its N- and C-termini as compared to its homologues from E. coli, B. subtilis, and B. caldolyticus.
Inferring Geographical Ontologies from Multiple Resources for Geographical Information Retrieval (2006)

Most of the information available in electronic format, such as in the World Wide Web or in digital libraries, involves some kind of spatial awareness. For instance, news usually describe an event and the place where this event occurred: “Earthquake in Turkey”, “Visit of the Pope in Valencia”. Currently, the Information Retrieval (IR) research commu-nity is increasing its efforts dedicated to the retrieval of ge-ographical information, as testified by the creation of the GeoCLEF 1 [5] evaluation exercise at the CLEF 2005, re-cently repeated in 2006, and the advances of the SPIRIT2 project [6]. These efforts are aimed to the solution of typical issues of the geographical IR task. In many cases, explicit geographical information is missing from the documents, for instance the indication of a broader geographical entity is omitted when it is supposed to be well-known to the read-ers (e.g. usually France is not named in a news related to Paris). Another common problem is the synonymy, when there are many ways to indicate a geographical entity. This is particularly true for foreign names, where spelling varia-tions are frequent. The solution to these problems has been generally individuated in the use of geographical-oriented ontologies [4, 6]. The manual construction of this kind of resources is usually a long, laborious process, and in many cases they are not freely available, such as the Getty The-saurus of Geographical Names3 (TGN). In order to over-come this issue, we made some attempts [2, 3] to use the geographical information included in WordNet, the well-known general domain ontology developed at the University of Princeton [7]. Unfortunately, the quantity of geographical information included in WordNet is quite small. Although it is quite difficult to calculate the number of geographi-