gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mobile audio designs monkey: An audio augmented reality designer's tool (2005)

Audio Augmented Reality (AR) design is currently a very difficult task. To develop audio for an AR environment a designer must have technical skills which are unrelated to the design process. The designer should be focusing on the creativity, design, and the logic of the AR rather than the details of the audio. To support the design process, an audio AR designers’ tool called Mobile Audio Designs (MAD) Monkey was developed. MAD Monkey was developed using the standard User Centered Design process. The stages of the iterative design process are described here, and the features of the resulting system are discussed. Evaluation of the prototype and plans for further development are also enumerated.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Hypervalent Iodine Oxidation of Alcohols to the Corresponding Carbonyl Compounds Using N‐Hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) and m‐Chloroperbenzoic Acid. (2010)

Abstract A novel and mild catalytic oxidation of alcohols to corresponding carbonyl compounds is developed.
In-vitro Assays of Meloidogyne incognita and Heterodera glycines for Detection of Nematode-antagonistic Fungal Compounds. (1999)

In-vitro methods were developed to test fungi for production of metabolites affecting nematode egg hatch and mobility of second-stage juveniles. Separate assays were developed for two nematodes: root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines). For egg hatch to be successfully assayed, eggs must first be surface-disinfested to avoid the confounding effects of incidental microbial growth facilitated by the fungal culture medium. Sodium hypochlorite was more effective than chlorhexidine diacetate or formaldehyde solutions at surface-disinfesting soybean cyst nematode eggs from greenhouse cultures. Subsequent rinsing with sodium thiosulfate to remove residual chlorine from disinfested eggs did not improve either soybean cyst nematode hatch or juvenile mobility. Soybean cyst nematode hatch in all culture media was lower than in water. Sodium hypochlorite was also used to surface-disinfest root-knot nematode eggs. In contrast to soybean cyst nematode hatch, root-knot nematode hatch was higher in potato dextrose broth medium than in water. Broth of the fungus Fusarium equiseti inhibited root-knot nematode egg hatch and was investigated in more detail. Broth extract and its chemical fractions not only inhibited egg hatch but also immobilized second-stage juveniles that did hatch, confirming that the fungus secretes nematode-antagonistic metabolites.
High-speed bulk InGaAsP-InP electroabsorption modulators with bandwidth in excess of 20 GHz (1990)

Bulk InGaAsP-InP electroabsorption optical modulators with high extinction ratio, low drive voltage, and high modulation bandwidth at lambda =1.3 mu m are reported. The devices have a tapered-fiber-to-modulator-to-tapered-fiber extinction ratio greater than 20 dB at a drive voltage of <5 V. Very low capacitance modulators (<0.2 pF) were fabricated using SiO/sub 2/ bonding pad isolation, resulting in a measured electrical modulation bandwidth in excess of 20 GHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Photodetectors for optical communication systems (1970)

The characteristics of high-sensitivity photodetectors suitable for wide bandwidth optical communication systems are summarized. Photodiodes, photomultipliers, and photoconductive detectors for wavelengths from 0.3 µm to 10.6 µm are covered. The use of internal current gain by means of avalanche and electron multiplication and by means of optical heterodyne detection to increase sensitivity of high speed photodetectors is discussed. The application to visible and infrared laser communication systems is reviewed.
Comparison of nicotine chewing-gum and psychological treatments for dependent smokers. (1980)

The results of using nicotine chewing-gum to treat dependent smokers attending a withdrawal clinic were compared with the results of psychological treatment. At one-year follow-up 26 (38%) out of 69 people who received nicotine gum were abstinent compared with seven (14%) out of 49 who received psychological treatment (p < 0.01). Abstinence was confirmed by the measurement of carboxyhaemoglobin concentrations or expired air carbon monoxide. Blood nicotine concentrations when patients used the gum averaged half the smoking values, and side effects were few. Addiction occurred in only two subjects. Thus nicotine chewing-gum is a useful aid to giving up smoking and is probably acceptable even for people with cardiovascular disease.
The Effect of Polyvinyl Chloride and Fe on Film Growth and Voltage Delay in SOCl2 Electrolytes (1987)

The film formed on lithium in was examined in a scanning electron microscope. The effects of Fe and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) on the film thickness and morphology were studied and correlated to voltage delay in batteries. The PVC additive decreases the effective film thickness, changes its crystal morphology, and improves voltage delay. Contamination with Fe increases the film thickness and increases the voltage recovery time. When PVC and Fe are present, PVC partially masks the effect of Fe contamination, decreasing the film thickness and improving voltage delay.
Teaching natural user interaction using OpenNI and the Microsoft Kinect sensor (2011)

The launch of the Microsoft Kinect for Xbox (a real-time 3D imaging device) and supporting libraries spurred the development of various applications including those with natural user interfaces. We propose that using Kinect offers opportunities for novel approaches to classroom instruction on natural user interaction. A number of development frameworks has come up that can be used to facilitate this instruction. We evaluate the current state of this technology and present an overview of some of its development frameworks. We then present examples of how Kinect-assisted instruction can be used to achieve some of the learning outcomes in Human Computer Interaction (HCI) courses as outlined in IT2008. We have verified that OpenNI, with its accompanying libraries, can be used for these activities in multi-platform learning environments.
Automatic alignment system for optical projection printing (1979)

An automatic alignment method is described which has been applied in a projection system for pattern definition by direct step and repeat on the wafer. The method is based upon the imaging through the projection lens of relief gratings on the wafer onto gratings on the mask and photoelectric detection of the resulting Moiré signal. The alignment accuracy is better than ±0.1 µm and the method can be used for all integrated circuit processing steps. The advantages of the use of phase structures and electrooptical detection are discussed and practical results are given.
Types and Programming Languages (2002)

A type system is a syntactic method for automatically checking the absence of certain erroneous behaviors by classifying program phrases according to the kinds of values they compute. The study of type systems -- and of programming languages from a type-theoretic perspective -- has important applications in software engineering, language design, high-performance compilers, and security.This text provides a comprehensive introduction both to type systems in computer science and to the basic theory of programming languages. The approach is pragmatic and operational; each new concept is motivated by programming examples and the more theoretical sections are driven by the needs of implementations. Each chapter is accompanied by numerous exercises and solutions, as well as a running implementation, available via the Web. Dependencies between chapters are explicitly identified, allowing readers to choose a variety of paths through the material.The core topics include the untyped lambda-calculus, simple type systems, type reconstruction, universal and existential polymorphism, subtyping, bounded quantification, recursive types, kinds, and type operators. Extended case studies develop a variety of approaches to modeling the features of object-oriented languages.
Gene Mutations: One of the Many Roads to Deafness (2008)

Deafness, a pathological condition causing partial or complete loss of hearing, affects nearly 70 million people worldwide. Research has linked nonsyndromic deafness to over 30 genes. In this review, implications of mutations on four of these genes will be discussed to understand how normal function is altered. While various mutations are linked to deafness, little is known about the mechanisms that lead to deafness. MyosinVI mutations hinder the motor protein’s progressive movement, rendering the protein unable to stabilize stereocilia. Point mutations in PMCA2 gene in outer hair cells (OHCs) cause a defect in the calcium pump, leading to a change in calcium concentration in the cell and loss of hearing and imbalance. Mutations on the KCNQ4 gene in the OHCs cause K+ channel malfunction, ceasing the removal of K+ and inhibiting repolarization, thus leading to degeneration of the cell. Connexin 26 mutations lead to destruction and degradation of critical components within the inner ear, as well as problems with gap junction communication. These mutations cause autosomal recessive deafness. Currently, there is no cure for deafness, but development of treatments such as cochlear implants and other electrical systems can improve the quality of hearing. Identification and a deeper understanding of new genetic mutations can enhance treatments.
Airborne/spacebased radar STAP using a structured covariance matrix (2003)

It is shown that partial information about the airborne/spacebased (A/S) clutter covariance matrix (CCM) can be used effectively to significantly enhance the convergence performance of a block-processed space/time adaptive processor (STAP) in a clutter and jamming environment. The partial knowledge of the CCM is based upon the simplified general clutter model (GCM) which has been developed by the airborne radar community. A priori knowledge of parameters which should be readily measurable (but not necessarily accurate) by the radar platform associated with this model is assumed. The GCM generates an assumed CCM. The assumed CCM along with exact knowledge of the thermal noise covariance matrix is used to form a maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) of the unknown interference covariance matrix which is used by the STAP. The new algorithm that employs the a priori clutter and thermal noise covariance information is evaluated using two clutter models: 1) a mismatched GCM, and 2) the high-fidelity Research Laboratory STAP clutter model. For both clutter models, the new algorithm performed significantly better (i.e., converged faster) than the sample matrix inversion (SMI) and fast maximum likelihood (FML) STAP algorithms, the latter of which uses only information about the thermal noise covariance matrix.
Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases in Inflammation and Fibrosis of Skeletal Muscles (2016)

In skeletal muscles, levels and activity of Matrix MetalloProteinases (MMPs) and Tissue Inhibitors of MetalloProteinases (TIMPs) have been involved in myoblast migration, fusion and various physiological and pathological remodeling situations including neuromuscular diseases. This has opened perspectives for the use of MMPs' overexpression to improve the efficiency of cell therapy in muscular dystrophies and resolve fibrosis. Alternatively, inhibition of individual MMPs in animal models of muscular dystrophies has provided evidence of beneficial, dual or adverse effects on muscle morphology or function. We review here the role played by MMPs/TIMPs in skeletal muscle inflammation and fibrosis, two major hurdles that limit the success of cell and gene therapy. We report and analyze the consequences of genetic or pharmacological modulation of MMP levels on the inflammation of skeletal muscles and their repair in light of experimental findings. We further discuss how the interplay between MMPs/TIMPs levels, cytokines/chemokines, growth factors and permanent low-grade inflammation favor cellular and molecular modifications resulting in fibrosis.
Genomic analysis of human microRNA transcripts (2007)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important genetic regulators of development, differentiation, growth, and metabolism. The mammalian genome encodes approximately 500 known miRNA genes. Approximately 50% are expressed from non-protein-coding transcripts, whereas the rest are located mostly in the introns of coding genes. Intronic miRNAs are generally transcribed coincidentally with their host genes. However, the nature of the primary transcript of intergenic miRNAs is largely unknown. We have performed a large-scale analysis of transcription start sites, polyadenylation signals, CpG islands, EST data, transcription factor-binding sites, and expression ditag data surrounding intergenic miRNAs in the human genome to improve our understanding of the structure of their primary transcripts. We show that a significant fraction of primary transcripts of intergenic miRNAs are 3-4 kb in length, with clearly defined 5' and 3' boundaries. We provide strong evidence for the complete transcript structure of a small number of human miRNAs.
Conceptual study of on orbit production of cryogenic propellants by water electrolysis (1991)

The feasibility is assessed of producing cryogenic propellants on orbit by water electrolysis in support of NASA's proposed Space Exploration Initiative (SEI) missions. Using this method, water launched into low earth orbit (LEO) would be split into gaseous hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis in an orbiting propellant processor spacecraft. The resulting gases would then be liquified and stored in cryogenic tanks. Supplying liquid hydrogen and oxygen fuel to space vehicles by this technique has some possible advantages over conventional methods. The potential benefits are derived from the characteristics of water as a payload, and include reduced ground handling and launch risk, denser packaging, and reduced tankage and piping requirements. A conceptual design of a water processor was generated based on related previous studies, and contemporary or near term technologies required. Extensive development efforts would be required to adapt the various subsystems needed for the propellant processor for use in space. Based on the cumulative results, propellant production by on orbit water electrolysis for support of SEI missions is not recommended.
Global Magnetohydrodynamical Simulations of Accretion Tori (2000)

Global time-dependent simulations provide a means to investigate time-dependent dynamic evolution in accretion disks. This paper seeks to extend previous local simulations by beginning a systematic effort to develop fully global three-dimensional simulations. The nonlinear development of the magnetorotational instability is investigated using a time-explicit finite difference code written in cylindrical coordinates. The equations of ideal magnetohydrodynamics are solved with the assumption of an adiabatic equation of state. Both a Newtonian, and a pseudo-Newtonian potential are used. Two simplifications are also explored: a cylindrical gravitational potential (the ``cylindrical disk''), and axisymmetry. The results from those simulations are compared with fully three dimensional global simulations. The global simulations investigate initial equilibrium pressure supported accretion tori with two different initial field geometries: poloidal fields that are constant along initial equidensity surfaces, and toroidal fields with a constant ratio of gas to magnetic pressure. In both cases the magnetorotational instability rapidly develops, and the torus becomes turbulent. The resulting turbulence transports angular momentum, and the torus develops an angular momentum distribution that is near Keplerian.
Microarchitectural synthesis of gracefully degradable, dynamically reconfigurable ASICs (2002)

In this paper, we propose a novel fault-tolerance scheme, band reconfiguration, to handle multiple permanent faults in functional units of general ASIC designs. An associated high-level synthesis procedure that automatically generates such fault-tolerant systems is also presented. The proposed scheme permits multiple levels of graceful degradation. During each reconfiguration the system instantly reconfigures itself through operation rescheduling and hardware rebinding. The design objectives are optimization of resource utilization rate under each configuration, and reduction of hardware and performance overheads. The proposed high-level synthesis approach enables fast and area-effective implementations of gracefully degradable ASICs.
Experimental Development of Two New Types of Double Piston Engines (1986)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Special advantages of U-cylinder uniflow scavenged engines are that only a little amount of the fresh charge flows out through the exhaust port because of their one-way scavenging paths, and that the hydrocarbon concentration in the exhaust gas is considerably low. On these engines, however, we cannot expect, like other two-cycle engines, the perfect scavenging quality which four-cycle engines can normally achieve. In the case of U-cylinder uniflow scavenged engines the hydrocarbon concentration of the exhaust gas becomes naturally higher with increasing delivery ratio(SAE Paper 850181).</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The author has developed a U-cylinder uniflow engine in which the front of the fresh scavenging medium consists of air layer. The running performance of this engine was, however, not stable. The author therefore developed another engine in which one of the cylinders performed Schnuerle scavenging, and its through-flow mixture of scavenging and combustion gases were introduced into an adjacent where cylinder it burned again with fresh secondary air. It has been found on this engine that the hydrocarbon concentration of the exhaust gas was suitably low regardless of the delivery ratio. <figure id="F1" class="figure"> <div class="graphic-wrapper"><img class="article-figure figure" src="860031_fig0001.jpg" alt="No Caption Available"/></div> </figure></div>
<i>In Vitro</i> Activity of Tedizolid against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (2019)

Tedizolid is a novel oxazolidinone with activities against Gram-positive microorganisms, including mycobacteria. We studied the <i>in vitro</i> activity of tedizolid against 120 <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> strains, including susceptible, first-line-resistant, and multidrug-resistant isolates. MIC was tested using the Bactec 960 MGIT system. MIC<sub>90</sub> and MIC<sub>50</sub> were 0.5 and 0.25 μg/ml, respectively, in susceptible and resistant strains. Tedizolid may be an alternative in the treatment of resistant <i>M. tuberculosis</i>.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of LiNi<sub>0.9</sub>Co<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>2</sub> for Lithium Batteries by a Novel Method. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Synthesis of Deoxynucleoside Triphosphates that Include Proline, Urea, or Sulfonamide Groups and Their Polymerase Incorporation into DNA (2012)

To expand the chemical array available for DNA sequences in the context of in vitro selection, I present herein the synthesis of five nucleoside triphosphate analogues containing side chains capable of organocatalysis. The synthesis involved the coupling of L-proline-containing residues (dU(tP)TP and dU(cP)TP), a dipeptide (dU(FP)TP), a urea derivative (dU(Bpu)TP), and a sulfamide residue (dU(Bs)TP) to a suitably protected common intermediate, followed by triphosphorylation. These modified dNTPs were shown to be excellent substrates for the Vent (exo(-)) and Pwo DNA polymerases, as well as the Klenow fragment of E. coli DNA polymerase I, although they were only acceptable substrates for the 9°N(m) polymerase. All of the modified dNTPs, with the exception of dU(Bpu)TP, were readily incorporated into DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Modified oligonucleotides efficiently served as templates for PCR for the regeneration of unmodified DNA. Thermal denaturation experiments showed that these modifications are tolerated in the major groove. Overall, these heavily modified dNTPs are excellent candidates for SELEX.
Histological Assessment of Autogenous Bone Graft: A Case Report and Critical Evaluation (1979)

A histological study of the site of a clinically successful bone graft revealed the presence of a downgrowing junctional epithelium between the root surface and the altered graft bone. No new cementum could be seen associated with the osseous autograft, nor was a functional periodontal ligament in evidence adjacent to the grafted bone. It is suggested that the presence of newly formed bone on surgical reentry following bone grafting in periodontal lesions does not necessarily imply that regeneration of the periodontium has occurred.
On projection-based algorithms for model-order reduction of interconnects (2002)

Model-order reduction is a key technique to do fast simulation of interconnect networks. Among many model-order reduction algorithms, those based on projection methods work quite well. In this paper, we review the projection-based algorithms in two categories. The first one is the coefficient matching algorithms. We generalize the Krylov subspace method on moment matching at a single point, to multipoint moment-matching methods with matching points located anywhere in the closed right-hand side (RHS) of the complex plane, and we provide algorithms matching the coefficients of series expansion-based on orthonormal polynomials and generalized orthonormal basis functions in Hilbert and Hardy space. The second category belongs to the grammian-based algorithms, where we provide efficient algorithm for the computation of grammians and new approximate grammian-based approaches. We summarize some important properties of projection-based algorithms so that they may be used more flexibly.
Subexpression sharing in filters using canonic signed digit multipliers (1996)

A common way of implementing constant multiplication is by a series of shift and add operations. As is well known, if the multiplier is represented in Canonical Signed Digit (CSD) form, then the number of additions (or subtractions) used will be a minimum. This paper examines methods for optimizing the design of CSD multipliers, and in particular the gains that can be made by sharing subexpressions. In the case where several multipliers are present in a network of operators, for instance in an FIR filter, the savings achieved by identifying common subexpressions can be as much as 50% of the total number of operators. The asymptotic frequency of the most common subexpression is analyzed mathematically, and it is shown that sharing the two most common subexpressions can be expected to lead to a 33% saving of the number of additions.
Emotional and Cognitive Sequelae to Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (1999)

This study compared the emotional functioning and cognitive abilities (i.e., verbal fluency, executive functioning, memory, and attention) of 27 patients with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) to that of 27 controls. With the exception of verbal fluency, the cognitive abilities of the MTBI group appeared to be intact. Emotional functioning was assessed using the Neuropsychology Behavior and Affect Profile (NBAP), a revised version of the Neurobehavioural Rating Scale and the Headley Court Psychosocial Rating Scale. The NBAP demonstrated good internal reliability, criterion validity, and construct validity. The MTBI group showed significantly higher levels of post injury depression than controls on the NBAP. Pre injury levels of depression in the MTBI group were also higher than the controls but both the patient reports and those of family members confirmed an increase in depression following MTBI.