gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrodeposition of Pt Nanoparticle Catalysts from H<sub>2</sub>Pt(OH)<sub>6</sub> and Their Application in PEM Fuel Cells (2013)

We report the electrochemical deposition of Pt nanoparticles from platinic acid H2[Pt(OH)6] using pulse potential deposition (PPD). We are able to control the size, morphology, and loading of platinum nanoparticles from H2[Pt(OH)6] by controlling the deposition parameters such as the pH of the plating solution, the pulse potential, the pulse width, and the duty cycle of the pulse sequence. We show that a high density of Pt nanoparticles electrodeposited can be produced on both planar and nonplanar electrode supports with high surface area and high catalytic activity. Finally, we show that fuel cell electrodes can be produced using H2[Pt(OH)6] as the source of Pt via our optimized PPD technique. The fuel cells produced from these electrodes are highly efficient with less than half the Pt content of commercially available fuel cells, which results in a gravimetric power more than twice that of fuel cells produced by using commercially available electrodes.
Low-Temperature Ductility in Relation to Pavement Performance (1977)

The data on changing asphalt properties, especially the low-temperature ductility measured at 39.2 and 60°F (4 and 15.6°C), have been analyzed and related to the performance of ten experimental pavements in Pennsylvania. It has been observed that aging of the pavement results in progressively lower penetration and higher viscosity. However, the accompanying decrease in low-temperature ductility is an important factor. After the penetration of asphalt drops below 30 due to hardening. the pavements containing asphalt with low ductilities are likely to show poorer service than pavements containing asphalts of the same penetration but with high ductilities. The data also indicate the probable ranges of low-temperature ductility values at which the progressive deterioration of the pavement (such as loss of fines, raveling, cracking, etc.) takes place under Pennsylvania climatic conditions. At lower temperatures, the ductility values are lower, reproducible, and better defined than the values at higher temperatures determined on long, thin threads of asphalt. Therefore, a specification requirement at a 60°F or lower temperature should provide better criteria.
Introduction: The Business of America (2007)

In democracies, nothing is more great or more brilliant than commerce; it attracts the attention of the public, and fills the imagination of the multitude; all energetic passions are directed towards it.– Alexis de Tocqueville
Effects of Certain Vitamins on Growth and Fermentation Rate of Several Commercial Active Dry Wine Yeasts (1989)

Three commercial dry yeast preparations were used to study the effects of vitamins on growth and fermentation rates of model grape juice solutions under simulated winemaking conditions. The yeasts used were <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, Montrachet, Pasteur, and Epernay II. Certain vitamins or combinations of vitamins, including inositol, pantothenate, pyridoxine, thiamine, and biotin, were omitted or added at reduced levels. When certain vitamins were left out, the total viable cell counts were reduced. Omission of other vitamins had little effect. One of the more commonly used yeasts by the California wineries, <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Montrachet, was most dependent on certain vitamins. Fermentation rates were also affected and not always in direct proportion to viable cell counts. Biotin was critical in improving the efficiency of fermentation, but at concentrations lower than normal for grape juices. Similarly, pantothenic acid requirements were much less than normally present in natural grape juice.
Over-Expression of the <i>Endocan</i> Gene in Endothelial Cells from Hepatocellular Carcinoma is Associated with Angiogenesis and Tumour Invasion (2010)

Endocan plays a role in tumour angiogenesis and tumour growth. The aim of this study was to detect the expression of endocan in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumour-associated endothelial cells and to correlate endocan expression with clinicopathological parameters and tumour angiogenesis. Tumour tissues and surrounding non-cancerous hepatic parenchyma from 42 primary HCC patients were studied. Endothelial cells were isolated using magnetic microbeads conjugated with anti-CD31 and endocan expression was evaluated by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Endocan was significantly over-expressed in endothelial cells isolated from HCC tumours compared with corresponding non-cancerous liver tissues. In addition, the endocan mRNA level was significantly correlated with the serum alpha-fetoprotein level, intra-tumoural microvessel density, vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA, and vascular and venous invasion. The over-expression of endocan in tumour endothelial cells was closely related to the process of angiogenesis and pathogenesis in HCC, and suggests that endocan might be a useful marker for HCC progression.
Oral surgical consideration of the aged (1983)

This paper won first place in the first annual Arthur Elfenbaum Essay Contest, sponsored by the American Society for Geriatric Dentistry.
DNA flow cytometry on breast carcinomas: comparison of a detergent and an enzyme-detergent preparation method. (1990)

In this study we have compared two different preparation methods for DNA flow cytometry on breast cancer. Tumour cell suspensions from 49 breast cancers were analysed on a Facscan flow cytometer. In seven of 49 cases, additional aneuploid peaks were found after enzyme/detergent treatment (E/D), not seen after the detergent (D) preparation. S-Phase fractions were significantly higher after D than after E/D preparation (mean values, 15 and 8%, respectively), although the correlation was high between the two methods. S-Phase fraction estimated after background correction diminished the differences between the two methods (mean values, 8 and 6%). Furthermore, the fraction of G2/M cells were generally greater with the D method. These differences can be explained by increased number of cell doublets and nuclear fragments after D compared to E/D preparation. This clearly shows that the preparation method influences the result of DNA flow cytometry on human breast cancers.
Motorola's 88000 family architecture (1990)

The initial members of the 88000 family of high-performance 32-bit microprocessor are the 88100 processor and the 88200 cache and memory management unit (CMMU). The processor manipulates integer and floating-point data and initiates instruction and data memory transactions. The CMMU minimizes the latency of main memory requests by maintaining a cache for data transaction and a cache for memory management translations. A typical system consists of one processor and two identical cache chips, one servicing instruction fetch requests, the other servicing data read and write requests. The overall design process for the 88000 family is described, and the integer instructions are discussed. Decisions made with respect to the processor, cache, and software are examined. Some data on the use of the instruction set by the available compilers and the efficiency of the cache and memory systems are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
When the going is tough, HR has to Challenge the Challenges (2009)

Slowdown, turbulence, recession and meltdown were all unprecedented and the learning from all these is what we can precisely call, experience and those who lead in dealing with the challenges faced by H.R. are the discerning leaders. This financial year (March 2008 -April 2009) has been provided an eye-opening experience for one and all. Everywhere workers, employees, professionals were being laid off, sliced in salary, and reason for all these made to popular notion is Performance, which is really unrealistic to achieve or Engagement Factor': The crises essentially are crises of expectations and the whole expects will have to go down. The crises stemmed out irrational expectations ofsome smart men who expected to generate unlimited wealth like Lehman Brothers. Now the crisis seems to end urea large part of the globe and various sectors of an economy of the next five years because of a contrasting set of irrational expectations again. What happenings are going on during the year seems to be rational set of leverage. There is some lead from all these slow down, like in U.S. @ 22 million actively disengaged employees and it had to pay up to $350 billion per year loss in productivity. Why? How did it happen? It started from masti, money and multiple options, which led doom in the economy, that led to lower consumption level, drop in investment, compelled to more and more savings, freeze on hiring, and finally job cut as well as salary cut too. The processes of job and salary cut both scared HR and they had to engage in accomplishing the task rather than achieving the outcome. Managers providing tasks are reinforcing the non-engaged behaviour actually moving 180 degrees from engaging the heart, mind and soul of the person.
An Improved Fireworks Algorithm Based on Grouping Strategy of the Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm to Solve Function Optimization Problems (2016)

The fireworks algorithm (FA) is a new parallel diffuse optimization algorithm to simulate the fireworks explosion phenomenon, which realizes the balance between global exploration and local searching by means of adjusting the explosion mode of fireworks bombs. By introducing the grouping strategy of the shuffled frog leaping algorithm (SFLA), an improved FA-SFLA hybrid algorithm is put forward, which can effectively make the FA jump out of the local optimum and accelerate the global search ability. The simulation results show that the hybrid algorithm greatly improves the accuracy and convergence velocity for solving the function optimization problems.
Hindered Crack Propagation in Materials with Periodically Varying Young's Modulus—Lessons from Biological Materials (2007)

Many biological materials, such as glass sponges, nacre or bone have a lamellar structure. While it is well known that weak interfaces between lamellae may deflect cracks and, thus, increase the toughness, we analyze the influence of periodic variations in Young's modulus. Even without weak interfaces, a ratio of 5 between maximum and minimum modulus can be sufficient to stop a crack in the vicinity of the stiffness minimum.
Frequency assignments in IEEE 802.11 WLANs with efficient spectrum sharing (2008)

Abstract As the number of WLAN users grows, the need to perform efficient radio resource management strategies becomes essential due to the fact that most popular technologies, those based on IEEE 802.11 standards, use unlicensed frequency bands. A good channel assignment improves the network performance, producing benefits that are perceived by the users and also by the network administrators. In this paper, we present a new frequency management scheme for IEEE 802.11 WLANs in the 2.4 GHz ISM band that minimizes interference to increase the throughput available to client stations by adapting a weighted DSATUR algorithm for graph coloring. The algorithm takes both co‐channel and adjacent channel interference into account, and makes use of all available channels instead of the traditional non‐overlapping three. In this way, collisions as well as transmission errors are minimized, thus improving the network capacity and the user experience. Different architectures are discussed for the implementation of our approach, including the possibility to incorporate client stations into the management system. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Video Imagination from a Single Image with Transformation Generation (2017)

In this work, we focus on a challenging task: synthesizing multiple imaginary videos given a single image. Major problems come from high dimensionality of pixel space and the ambiguity of potential motions. To overcome those problems, we propose a new framework that produce imaginary videos by transformation generation. The generated transformations are applied to the original image in a novel volumetric merge network to reconstruct frames in imaginary video. Through sampling different latent variables, our method can output different imaginary video samples. The framework is trained in an adversarial way with unsupervised learning. For evaluation, we propose a new assessment metric RIQA. In experiments, we test on 3 datasets varying from synthetic data to natural scene. Our framework achieves promising performance in image quality assessment. The visual inspection indicates that it can successfully generate diverse five-frame videos in acceptable perceptual quality.
The morbidity of multiple sclerosis. (1992)

Although the clinical course of multiple sclerosis is benign in up to one-third of patients, it is important to recognize the high rate of morbidity in others. Most individuals pass through a remitting phase but in a significant proportion the clinical manifestations subsequently recur, persist or slowly progress, and disability accumulates with time. Here we describe the frequency and spectrum of morbidity in a population based cohort of patients with multiple sclerosis. These statistics will guide those providing health care resources and planning services for patients with multiple sclerosis.
Nonredundant error correction analysis and evaluation of differentially detected pi /4-shift DQPSK systems in a combined CCI and AWGN environment (1992)

The application of the nonredundant error correction (NEC) technique to the North American and Japanese digital cellular modulation standard, pi /4-shift differential quadrature phase shift keying (DQPSK), in a combined additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and cochannel interference (CCI) environment is proposed, analyzed, and theoretically evaluated. The performance for NEC receivers with single, double, and triple error correction capability is theoretically analyzed and evaluated. For the CCI, the general model, which includes M statistical independent interferers also employing the pi /4-shift DQPSK modulation format, is adopted. The theoretical symbol error probability versus carrier-to-noise ratio have been obtained with M and the carrier-to-interference ratio (C/I) as parameters. The results indicate significant performance improvements over conventional differentially detected systems. Some of the results have been verified by computer simulation. The gains offered by the NEC receivers increase as C/I decreases and/or M increases. Significant error floor reductions have been observed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Big Data (2019)

Housing in Florida is mainly driven by population growth of between 300,000 and 400,000 people per year, which makes Florida the third largest homebuilding state in the U.S. This high rate of population growth sheds light on the importance of building healthy residential houses that are energy-efficient throughout all of Florida, in all its climate zones. The purpose of this study is to investigate the direction Florida's single-family homes constructed between the years 2009 and 2018 are taking with respect to energy efficiency by analyzing their energy characteristics through big data analysis. Therefore, this study (a) developed a comprehensive literature review of the existing energy-efficient design strategies adopted in Florida. In addition, (b) explained the process of collecting information about materials and design strategies used in single-family houses constructed between the years 2009 and 2018, from energy forms prepared in the framework of the permit application process at every local building permit department in different counties all over Florida. Finally, (c) analyzed the evolution of information collected throughout the years, including but not limited to wall types, ceiling types, ducts' location, windows' features, heating and cooling systems, in the different climate zones of Florida influencing the building performance. The results of this big data analysis indicated that, on the average, single-family homes in Florida tended to get more energy-efficient and sustainable throughout the last decade (2009-2018). This conclusion cannot be totally confirmed unless all economic, environmental, and social aspects of sustainability are also taken into consideration.
The step motor--The next advance in control systems (1964)

This paper seeks to consolidate in one place several diverse articles and contributions, with the objective of emphasizing the coming importance of step motors in the field of control engineering. Main topics include the theory of operation of the synchronous inductor motor, its performance characteristics, an improvement in the derivation of the transfer function for a generalized step motor, and a review of the current status of step motors.
MOSFET's negative transconductance at room temperature (1999)

Negative transconductance is reported for the first time at T=300 K for NMOS transistors fabricated with different technologies and oxide thickness in the 3-20 nm range. The effects of drain bias, channel length, oxide thickness as well as substrate doping and bias on the phenomenon are investigated. The results are interpreted in terms of surface-roughness limited mobility, and parameters for mobility modeling at high effective fields are extracted.
Cyclic Hybrid Double-Channel Quantum Communication via Bell-State and GHZ-State in Noisy Environments (2019)

In this paper, a scheme for cyclic hybrid double-channel quantum communication is proposed by using the product state of three Bell states and three Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states as the quantum channel. It shows that Alice teleports a single-qubit state to Bob and prepares a single-qubit state for Charlie, Bob teleports a single-qubit state to Charlie and prepares a single-qubit state for Alice, while Charlie teleports a single-qubit state to Alice and prepares a single-qubit state for Bob. The quantum channel is constructed by using Hadamard (H) and Controlled-NOT (CNOT) operations. Participants reconstruct the desired states by performing Bell-state measurements, single-qubit measurements, and unitary transformations. Compared with existing schemes, this new scheme improves the efficiency and capacity of quantum communication because it constructs a cyclic and bidirectional quantum communication and simultaneously supports two communication protocols, quantum teleportation and remote state preparation. Only single-qubit measurements, two-qubit measurements, and basic unitary transformations are utilized in the scheme, so our operation complexity is lower than others. Thus, the scheme is likely to be implemented through physical experiments in the future. Besides this, we discuss the impact of noisy environments (amplitude-damping, phase-damping noise, bit-flip noise, and phase-flip noise) in the scheme and calculate the fidelities of the output states. It is demonstrated that the fidelities only depend on the coefficients of the initial state and the decoherence rate.
Refinement and Evolution Issues in Bridging Requirements and Architecture - The CBSP Approach (2001)

Though acknowledged as being very closely related, requirements engineering and architecture modeling have been pursued largely independently of one another in the past years. The inter-dependencies and constraints between architectural elements and requirements elements are thus not well-understood and subsequently only little guidance is available in bridging requirements and architectures. This paper identifies a number of relevant relationships we have identified in the process of trying to relate a requirements engineering approach with an architecture-centered approach. Our approach, called CBSP (Component-Bus-System, and Properties) provides an intermediate language for representing requirements in an architectural fashion. In this paper, we will present the basics of our CBSP approach but also emphasize the challenges that still need to be resolved.
Applying Integer Linear Programming to the Fleet Assignment Problem (1989)

We formulated and solved the fleet assignment problem as an integer linear programming model, permitting assignment of two or more fleets to a flight schedule simultaneously. The objective function can take a variety of forms including profit maximization, cost minimization, and the optimal utilization of a particular fleet type. Several departments at American Airlines use the model to assist in fleet planning and schedule development. It will become one of 10 key decision modules for the next generation scheduling system currently being developed by American Airlines Decision Technologies.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Treatment of Chronic Primary Insomnia (2001)

Our results suggest that CBT represents a viable intervention for primary sleep-maintenance insomnia. This treatment leads to clinically significant sleep improvements within 6 weeks and these improvements appear to endure through 6 months of follow-up.
TGF-β signaling, Smads, and tumor suppressors (1998)

The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily is used throughout animal development for regulating the growth and patterning of many tissue types. During the past few years, rapid progress has been made in deciphering how TGF-beta signals are transduced from outside the cell to the nucleus. This progress is based on biochemical studies in vertebrate systems and a combination of genetic studies in Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans. These studies have identified a novel family of signaling proteins, the Smad family. Smads can act positively and be phosphorylated by TGF-beta-like receptors or can act negatively and prevent activation of the positively acting group. The positively acting Smads translocate to the nucleus, bind DNA, and act as transcriptional activators. Thus, genetic and biochemical studies suggest a very simple signaling pathway, in which Smads are the primary downstream participant.
Experimental demonstration of the MOS controlled diode (MCD) (2002)

The MOS controlled diode (MCD) is a new class of power semiconductor diode that can achieve ideal diode performance. In this paper, experimental verification of the MCD concept is presented for the first time by using commercially available power MOSFETs operating as MCDs. Measurements of the reverse recovery currents and reverse recovery charges of these MCDs are obtained and compared with the body diodes of the MOSFETs. These measurements show that these MCDs can significantly reduce the reverse recovery current, storage charge and switching loss. Optimized MCD performances at 1.2 kV, 2.4 kV and 4.5 kV are also projected based on numerical simulations. Ideal performance of the MCD close to that predicted by device simulation should be obtained once an optimized MCD is developed.
The Pervasive Fridge. A smart computer system against uneaten food loss (2012)

International audience
Structural Design and Performance Analysis of a Lengthened Working Device of Hydraulic Excavator Based on General Hydraulic Cylinder (2013)

Aiming at the problem of hydraulic cylinder design difficult, complex processing, we proposed a design method of lengthened of lengthening type working device of excavator based on general-purpose hydraulic cylinder by modifying the working device size and adjusting the hydraulic cylinder hinge point location. Its three-dimensional modeling is built by Pro/E. The dynamics simulation is finished by ADAMS which can verify whether the design scheme satisfy the requirements of excavation height, depth and get the most dangersous working state and the joint force in this state. Through the ADAMS dynamic simulation of the lengthened working device and prototype excavation test, research shows that the lengthened working device design can statisfy the complete machine working performance.