gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Salmonella and Total Count Reduction in Poultry Treated with Sodium Hypochlorite Solutions (1968)

LOW LEVELS of chlorination have been effective in reducing the number of microorganisms present in water, on equipment surfaces, and in many food products. Goresline et al. (1951) reported that 10 p.p.m. chlorine added to the final wash of poultry carcasses reduced the bacterial counts by 78% and that 20 p.p.m. increased the effectiveness to 90%. Miller (1953), using 20 p.p.m., Ziegler and Stadelman (1955), using 10 and 20 p.p.m., and Dawson et al. (1956), using 20 and 40 p.p.m. chlorine solutions, found that shelf life of poultry increased when cooled in the respective solutions. Thomson et al. (1967) showed a reduction in numbers of Salmonella typhimurium from log 1.67 to 1.53 with a five minute holding period after spraying with a solution containing 20 p.p.m. chlorine, and a reduction from log 1.06 to 1.03 with a thirty minute holding period. The use of 100 p.p.m. and 200 p.p.m. chlorine . . .
A quick simulation method for fading communications channels using a novel eigenvalue importance sampling technique (2003)

In this paper, we introduce a quick simulation method for fading communications channels using a novel eigenvalue importance sampling technique. Our approach is motivated by the fact that many performance analyses involve metrics which are functions of the eigenvalues of the channel correlation matrix. More specifically in Rayleigh fading we often require the eigenvalues of the Wishart matrix HH/sup /spl dagger// where H is the matrix of channel gains. Hence we propose direct simulation of the Wishart eigenvalues rather than simulation of the full channel matrix. If H is n/sub R//spl times/n/sub T/ then this idea in itself reduces simulation time since m=min(n/sub R/, n/sub T/) eigenvalues are required rather than the 2/spl times/n/sub R//spl times/n/sub T/ real Gaussians. However, direct generation of the eigenvalues; is complicated. Therefore we introduce a novel eigenvalue importance sampling technique which generates the eigenvalues from a simple biased density which "mimics" the real density. We call our approach eigenvalue importance sampling (EVIS). Secondly, we try to reduce rare event simulation time by using biased eigenvalue densities to encourage the rare event of interest. We denote this approach rare event eigenvalue importance sampling (REVIS). Both methods are demonstrated via the example of simulating capacity outages and values for a MIMO system. Results show that considerable savings are offered by this novel approach even with simple implementations and small scale systems (m/spl les/4).
Covering Points of Interest with Mobile Sensors (2012)

The coverage of Points of Interest (PoI) is a classical requirement in mobile wireless sensor applications. Optimizing the sensors self-deployment over a PoI while maintaining the connectivity between the sensors and the base station is thus a fundamental issue. This paper addresses the problem of autonomous deployment of mobile sensors that need to cover a predefined PoI with a connectivity constraint. In our algorithm, each sensor moves toward a PoI but has also to maintain the connectivity with a subset of its neighboring sensors that are part of the Relative Neighborhood Graph (RNG). The Relative Neighborhood Graph reduction is chosen so that global connectivity can be provided locally. Our deployment scheme minimizes the number of sensors used for connectivity thus increasing the number of monitoring sensors. Analytical results, simulation results and practical implementation are provided to show the efficiency of our algorithm.
The Long Island Sound Submarine Cable Interconnection Operating Experience (2005)

This paper discusses the unusual operating experience of a 300-MVA, 19-km (12-mile), 138Kv, high-pressure, oil-filled submarine cable. This cable, installed in 1969 and described in IEEE paper 71TP183-PWR, has experienced, to an unexpected degree, corrosion and physical damage from external mechanical forces. The experience gained from operation of this cable may result in design changes and new considerations for future long submarine cables, especially in the areas of armoring, cable spacing, cable embedment, installation inspection, and cathodic protection.
Parsing Excel formulas: A grammar and its application on 4 large datasets (2017)

Abstract Spreadsheets are popular end user programming tools, especially in the industrial world. This makes them interesting research targets. However, there does not exist a reliable grammar that is concise enough to facilitate formula parsing and analysis and to support research on spreadsheet codebases. This paper presents a grammar for spreadsheet formulas that can successfully parse 99.99% of more than 8 million unique formulas extracted from 4 spreadsheet datasets. Our grammar is compatible with the spreadsheet formula language, recognizes the spreadsheet formula elements that are required for supporting spreadsheets research, and produces parse trees aimed at further manipulation and analysis. Additionally, we use the grammar to analyze the characteristics of the formulas of the 4 datasets in 3 different dimensions: complexity, functionality, and data utilization. Our results show that (1) most Excel formulas are simple, however formulas with more than 50 functions or operations exist, (2) almost all formulas use data from other cells, which is often not local, and (3) a surprising number of referring mechanisms are used by less than 1% of the formulas.
Electronic work monitoring: an ethical model (2000)

This paper describes the activity of electronic work-monitoring, the use of information technology to record the activities of workers as a background task to normal activities. The viewpoint of the activity from the employer side, as a productivity tool, and the view from the employee perspective, as a possible invasion of privacy, are compared. A quadrant model is described which combines these two conflicting viewpoints, and details how the model may be used to describe and if possible resolve potential conflicts of interest between employees and employers.
Characterization and Identification of Recombinant [B18Ile] Human Insulin. (1997)

Recombinant [B18Ile] human insulin was obtained from a mutant [B18Ile] PIP purified by transpeptidation. [B18Ile] human insulin can be crystallized and has 82% of receptor binding activity as that of porcine insulin and retains almost the same level of in vivo biological activity comparing with porcine insulin. It is proposed that the B18Val residue may not be involved in the expression of insulin activity.
<title>Cluster tool technology</title> (1992)

A review is presented of cluster tool concepts, their potential advantages for future IC manufacturing, approaches to cluster tools and cluster tool technologies. As wafer size increases and device feature size decreases, cluster tools should play a more central role in future IC manufacturing, although there are several problems to be overcome before cluster tools are available for a broad spectrum of IC technologies.
Recent developments in Ziegler-Natta catalysts for olefin polymerization and their processes (1988)

The chemistry of Ziegler-Natter catalysts in olefin polymerization is reviewed. Factors determining catalyst activity are identified for the current generation of high activity-high selectivity catalysts. These include the nature of transition metal, its oxidation states and the ligands around it, the nature of alkylaluminium compounds, the physical state of the catalyst and its dependence on the method of preparation as well as activation of support and the role of internal and external donors. The effect of reaction parameters on catalyst performance as well as effect of nature of catalysts on polymer properties such as molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and stereoregularity are discussed. Current developments in soluble titanium/zirconium, vanadium and magnesium--titanium catalysts are reviewed. Different classes of industrial processes for production of polyethylene and polypropylene, namely slurry phase, gas phase and solution processes are discussed. The nature of contemporary catalysts is exemplified by selected patents from current literature. The various reactor types for polyolefins and salient reactor design aspects are discussed. The dependence of polymer properties on reactor design as well as kinetic modelling and simulation of polyolefin processes are briefly reviewed.
Study on Influence of Gasoline Sulfur Content on Performance of Vehicle Exhaust Catalytic Converter (2012)

This paper has investigated the influence of gasoline sulfur content on durability of catalytic converter for vehicle exhaust gas. Two gasoline samples with different sulfur contents (equating to 150 μg/g and 50 μg/g of sulfur, respectively) were used to examine the durability and performance of catalytic converter on the bench test. The test results have revealed that in comparison to the influence of sulfur on ageing of catalytic converter the thermal ageing had a more remarkable impact on the performance of catalytic converter, and the performance of catalytic converter could be restored by high-temperature desulfurization process after ageing by the high-sulfur gasoline sample (containing 150 μg/g of sulfur) .
Barriers to Novel Therapeutics in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2013)

SUMMARY Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a devastating neurodegenerative condition primarily involving the motor system in the cerebral cortex, brain stem and spinal cord, but can, in later disease stages, also affect distinct extramotor brain regions. In this article, we discuss the prevalent barriers, including clinical and genetic variability of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frailty of the current mouse model and inadequateness of clinical trials, in the search for novel therapeutics. Approaches in terms of understanding the pathogenesis, and the search for biomarkers to initiate early or even presymptomatic treatment and monitor treatment effects are highlighted.
Hydrologic Bench Marks to Distinguish the Effects of Climate vs. Man <sup>a</sup> (1963)

Abstract There is a vital need for hydrologic data representing various environments that are free from the effects of man's activities. Without such data hydrologists will be stymied in distinguishing hydrologic changes caused by man from those caused by climate. To provide this background information, the U. S. Geological Survey is planning a nationwide hydrologic bench‐mark program in which runoff, transport of sediment, precipitation, changes in vegetation, fluctuations in ground water, and other hydrologic events will be studied in locales unaffected by the works of man. The knowledge gained in operating these bench marks will be invaluable in statistical appraisals of hydrologic data wherein a part of the record is affected by man's activities.
The use of diet and dietary components in the study of factors controlling affect in humans: a review. (1993)

Although one of the first biological treatments of a major psychiatric disorder was the dietary treatment of pellagra, the use of diet and dietary components in the study of psychopathology has not aroused much interest. This article reviews three areas in which the dietary approach has provided interesting information. The tryptophan depletion strategy uses a mixture of amino acids devoid of tryptophan to lower brain tryptophan in order to study the symptoms that can be elicited. One effect of tryptophan depletion is a lowering of mood, the magnitude of which seems to depend on the baseline state of the subject. Therefore, recovered depressed patients often undergo an acute relapse, while normal subjects show more moderate changes of mood. Totally euthymic subjects show no lowering of mood, but subjects with high normal depression scale scores or subjects with a family history of depression show a moderate lowering of mood. These data indicate that low serotonin levels alone cannot cause depression. However, serotonin does have a direct effect on mood, and low levels of serotonin contribute to the etiology of depression in some depressed patients. Folic acid deficiency causes a lowering of brain serotonin in rats, and of cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in humans. There is a high incidence of folate deficiency in depression, and there are indications in the literature that some depressed patients who are folate deficient respond to folate administration. Folate deficiency is known to lower levels of S-adenosylmethionine, and S-adenosylmethionine is an antidepressant that raises brain serotonin levels. These data suggest that low levels of serotonin in some depressed patients may be a secondary consequence of low levels of S-adenosylmethionine. They also suggest that the dietary intake and psychopharmacological action of methionine, the precursor of S-adenosylmethionine, should be studied in patients with depression. Normal meals have definite effects on mood and performance in humans. The composition of the meal, in terms of protein and carbohydrate content, can influence these behaviors. Because protein and carbohydrate meals can influence brain serotonin in rats, these effects in humans have usually been interpreted in terms of altered serotonin functioning. However, the current balance of evidence is against the involvement of serotonin in the acute effects of protein and carbohydrate meals in humans. The underlying mechanisms involved are unknown, but there are a variety of possibilities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Ultrafast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2018)

We propose a radical advance in Magnetic Resonance Imaging. MRI remains slow because it requires successive applications of magnetic field gradients to encode for spatial location. Parallel MRI accelerates imaging by permitting undersampling of k-space using multiple detectors, each with a unique spatial sensitivity to the radio field emitted by the object. This is called spatial sensitivity encoding. A fourfold undersampling means a fourfold acceleration, however a five-fold undersampling cannot be reconstructed. This is because too much reliance is placed on spatial sensitivity encoding, and spatial sensitivity encoding is less efficient than gradient encoding when the detectors are large. On the contrary, we hypothesized that when very large numbers of very small detectors are deployed, it would render spatial sensitivity encoding efficient, and would allow complete elimination of gradient reversals and therefore extremely rapid MR imaging. Since each detector receives all of the signal from all of the object all of the time, signal is expected to be high, and each detector is predicted to receive signal of the same order of magnitude as one large detector in conventional MRI. Moreover, the elimination of gradients removes the major source of electrical noise. Unexpectedly, therefore, we anticipate that signal-to-noise (SNR) will be high. By means of a detailed simulation, in which the exact Hertzian radio field is simulated for each of 32x32x32 voxels interacting with each of 1024 detector loops, we demonstrate that 3-dimensional MR images can indeed be acquired very quickly. Nevertheless, we also simulated imaging in the presence of unforeseen sources of noise, and found that image reconstruction is resistant to noise, even with unrealistically low SNR values. In summary, high quality volumetric MRI is likely to be achievable in milliseconds.
Research progress on relationship between bile acids and intestinal mucosal mechanical barrier function (2018)

Intestinal mucosal mechanical barrier is one of the most important structure to maintain the body homeostasis. The occurrences of inflammatory bowel disease, necrotizing enterocolitis and poor prognosis of patients with obstructive jaundice are closely related to the damage of the mucosal barrier function. Long-term high fat diet and obstructive jaundice can cause the abnormality of bile acids metabolism. These pathological conditions are often associated with the destruction of intestinal mucosal barrier function. So the correlations between abnormal bile metabolism and intestinal mucosal mechanical barrier function have aroused interests of many researchers. They found that bile acids the important component of bile are closely related to the intestinal barrier function. The paper reviewed the recent articles and summarized the mechanisms of the deficiency of bile acids, excessive bile acids and abnormal bile acids composition damaging the intestinal mucosal barrier function. It will provide refe-rence for the new fields of study, prevention of the toxic effects of bile acids and the improvement of the prognosis of patients.


Key words: 
Inflammatory bowel disease; Bile acids; Intestinal barrier function; High-fat diet; Obstructive jaundice
A Survey on Fault Detection, Isolation, and Reconfiguration Methods in Electric Ship Power Systems (2018)

One of the major challenges with electric shipboard power systems (SPS) is preserving the survivability of the system under fault situations. Some minor faults in SPS can result in catastrophic consequences. Therefore, it is essential to investigate available fault management techniques for SPS applications that can enhance SPS robustness and reliability. Many recent studies in this area take different approaches to address fault tolerance in SPSs. This paper provides an overview of the concepts and methodologies that are utilized to deal with faults in the electric SPS. First, a taxonomy of the types of faults and their sources in SPS is presented; then, the methods that are used to detect, identify, isolate, and manage faults are reviewed. Furthermore, common techniques for designing a fault management system in SPS are analyzed and compared. This paper also highlights several possible future research directions.
Low-cost miniature wide-angle imaging for self-motion estimation (2005)

This paper examines the performance of a low-cost, miniature, wide field-of-view (FOV) visual sensor that includes advanced pinhole optics and most recent CMOS imager technology. The pinhole camera may often be disregarded because of its apparent simplicity, low aperture and image finesse. However, its angular field can be dramatically improved using only a few off-the-shelf micro-optical elements. With modern high-sensitivity silicon-based digital retina, we show that it could be a practical device for developing self-motion estimation sensor in mobile applications, such as stabilization of a robotic micro flyer.
A comprehensive analysis of intelligent controllers for load frequency control (2006)

This paper presents summaries of novel approaches of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, like fuzzy logic, artificial neural network (ANN), hybrid fuzzy neural network (HFNN), genetic algorithm (GA) for the load frequency control of electrical power system. The limitations of conventional controls such as proportional, integral and derivative are slow and lack of efficiency in handling system nonlinearities. Since high frequency deviation may lead to system collapse, this necessitates an accurate and fast acting controller to maintain the constant nominal system frequency. The intelligent controllers are used for load frequency control for the single area system, multi area interconnected system. The performance of intelligent controllers with the conventional controllers has been thoroughly compared and analyzed
An Investigation Into The Sintering Of Magnesium Fluoride Optical Material By Microwave (2004)

The presented work was an investigation on the sintering of magnesium fluoride with microwaves. The sintering was conducted in a 2.45-GHz microwave applicator under an argon atmosphere. Sintering shrinkage and density were measured. The microstructure of the sintered samples was examined. Feasibility and advantages regarding microwave sintering of magnesium fluoride were discussed.
SEMI AUTOMATED BARTERING OF DIGITAL GOODS AND SERVICES IN PERVASIVE ENVIRONMENTS (2006)

Small non-volant mammals (marsupials and small rodents) were captured at three different timepoints from 23 forest fragments across three municipalities (Alta Floresta, Sinop and Cláudia) covering the Amazonian biome of the Mato Grosso State in Midwestern Brazil. The animal tissues (liver and spleen) and blood were screened using molecular tools for the detection of Babesia, Coxiella, Cytauxzoon, Hepatozoon, Theileria, and Anaplasmataceae agents. A total of 230 specimens (78 rodents and 152 marsupials) were trapped. Hepatozoon and Piroplasmorida agents were detected in the common opossums (Didelphis marsupialis). In turn, all samples (blood, liver, or spleen) collected from the small mammals were negative for the genus Coxiella and the family Anaplasmataceae, as detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Phylogenetic analyses inferred from partial sequences of the 18S rRNA gene highlighted the occurrence of new Hepatozoon and Piroplasmorida haplotypes. Future studies determining the role of common opossum (D. marsupialis) in the epidemiological cycles of Hepatozoon and Babesia under natural conditions in the Amazonian biome are necessary.
Fundamental study of the fabrication of zinc oxide nanowires and its dye-sensitized solar cell applications (2012)

Because of its excellent and unique physical properties, ZnO nanowires have been widely used in numerous scientific fields such as sensors, solar cells, nanogenerators, etc. Although it is believed that single crystal ZnO has a much higher electron transfer rate than TiO₂, it was found that ZnO nanowire-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have lower efficiencies than TiO₂ nanoparticle-based DSSCs because the density and surface area of ZnO nanowires are usually lower than that of TiO₂ nanoparticles, limiting the cell's light absorption, and because the open-root structure of ZnO nanowires results in electron back transfer that causes charge shortage of the cell. Here, experimental studies were performed that utilize strategic manipulations of the design of the ZnO nanowire based DSSCs in efforts to address and solve its key challenges. It was shown that by incorporating various blocking layers into the design of the cell, the performance of the DSSC can be improved. Specifically, by placing a hybrid blocking layer of TiO₂-P4VP polymer between the substrate and the ZnO nanowires, the conversion efficiency of the cell was 43 times higher than that of a cell without this blocking layer due to the reduction of electron back transfer. Furthermore, in efforts to improve the surface area of the ZnO nanowire array, unique three dimensional structures of ZnO nanowires were fabricated. It was found that by significantly improving the overall density and surface area of the ZnO nanowire array through distinctive hierarchal nanowire structures, the light harvesting efficiency and electron transport were enhanced allowing the DSSC to reach 5.20%, the highest reported value for 3D ZnO NW based DSSCs. Additionally, the development of a theoretical model was explored in efforts to investigate how the geometry of ZnO nanowires affects the incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency of 1D ZnO nanowire-based N719-sensitized solar cells at the maximum absorption wavelength of 543 nm.
DRAG, BOUNDARY-LAYER AND ROUGHNESS CHARACTERISTICS OF MARINE SURFACES COATED WITH ANTIFOULINGS (2001)

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REVIEWS (1999)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access NORMAN PAGEAuden and Isherwood The Berlin Years Pp x+220Houndmills, Basingstoke, London Macmillan, 1998 £25 STAN SMITH STAN SMITH Nottingham Trent University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of English Studies, Volume 50, Issue 199, August 1999, Pages 411–412, https://doi.org/10.1093/res/50.199.411 Published: 01 August 1999