gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Understanding pathogenic mechanisms in polycystic kidney disease provides clues for therapy (2006)

Polycystic kidney diseases are associated with defects to proteins involved in developing functional, sensory cilia in the kidney. While the primary defects in these disorders cannot be corrected at present, downsteam cellular changes can be targeted. Potential therapeutic agents are now being tested in patients, moving polycystic kidney disease research into a new and exciting phase.
Design and construction of the magnetic driving vehicle in a two-dimensional testbed (2009)

A two-dimensional testbed that aims to demonstrate the feasibility of magnetically driving several spacecrafts was successfully constructed. The testbed has two vehicles, each of which consists of two Bi2223 coils placed in an orthogonal way. The magnetic force between the two vehicles with a 1 m separation distance is less than 1 N, which is big enough to attract, repel and rotate two 50 kg vehicles in a 1.2 m × 2 m platform. The hardware for the testbed, which includes the coils, a cryostat and an air pressured system, is introduced. A parallel power supply circuit was specifically designed for the high temperature superconductor (HTS) coil operating in space, for the purpose of reducing the Joule heat and providing redundancy. Two key questions relating to the HTS coil used in the magnetic driving are discussed. First, the magnetic force between the two coils, a preliminary index directing the coil parameters, is concisely expressed as an arithmetical equation. The accuracy of the equation is checked by a more accurate model based on the Biot–Savart law and a FEA calculation. Second, the interaction between the orthogonal coils with respect to the Ic(B) characteristic of the Bi2223 tape is discussed. A minimum safe distance between the two coils is defined and numerically calculated. Two coils whose separation distance is larger than the minimum safe distance can be regarded as having no magnetic interaction.
Spatial and temporal patterns of ERK signaling during mouse embryogenesis (2003)

Signaling between tissues is essential to form the complex, three-dimensional organization of an embryo. Because many receptor tyrosine kinases signal through the RAS-MAPK pathway, phosphorylated ERK can be used as an indicator of when and where signaling is active during development. Using whole-mount immunohistochemistry with antibodies specific to phosphorylated ERK1 and ERK2, we analyzed the location, timing, distribution, duration and intensity of ERK signaling during mouse embryogenesis (5-10.5 days postcoitum). Spatial and temporal domains of ERK activation were discrete with well-defined boundaries, indicating specific regulation of signaling in vivo. Prominent, sustained domains of ERK activation were seen in the ectoplacental cone, extra-embryonic ectoderm, limb buds, branchial arches, frontonasal process, forebrain, midbrain-hindbrain boundary, tailbud, foregut and liver. Transient activation was seen in neural crest, peripheral nervous system, nascent blood vessels, and anlagen of the eye, ear and heart. In the contiguous domains of ERK signaling, phospho-ERK staining was cytoplasmic with no sign of nuclear translocation. With few exceptions, the strongest domains of ERK activation correlated with regions of known or suspected fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling, and brief incubation with an inhibitor of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) specifically diminished the phospho-ERK staining in these regions. Although many domains of ERK activation were FGFR-dependent, not all domains of FGF signaling were phospho-ERK positive. These studies identify key domains of sustained ERK signaling in the intact mouse embryo, give significant insight into the regulation of this signaling in vivo and pinpoint regions where downstream target genes can be sought.
Rice Genomics: Current Status of Genome Sequencing (2007)

Since its establishment in 1991, the Rice Genome Research Program (RGP) has produced some basic tools for rice genome analysis, including a cDNA catalogue, a genetic linkage map and a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC)-based physical map. For the further development of rice genomics, RGP launched in 1998 an international collaborative project on rice genome sequencing. A P1-derived artificial chromosome (PAC)-based, sequence-ready physical map has been constructed using the PCR markers from cDNA sequences (expressed sequence tag [EST] markers). Selected PAC clones with 100-150 kb inserts from chromosomes 1 and 6 have been subjected to shotgun sequencing. The assembled genomic sequences, after predicting the gene-coding region, have been published both through a public database and through our website. As of January 2000, 1.9 Mb from 13 PAC clones were published. Future prospects for understanding rice genomic information at the nucleotide level are discussed.
Composite structure and tensile properties of Mousou bamboo. (1990)

Bamboo has a composite structure since its cylindrical wall consists of bundle sheath and parenchyma. In this study, the relationships among its mechanical properties, the volume fraction of bundle sheath and the specific gravity were investigated.The experimental results obtained are as follows.(1) The volume fraction of bundle sheath Vf increased approximately parabolically toward the outer bark from the inner bark, and also increased relatively with height.(2) The specific gravity ρ and Young's modulus E also increased similar to Vf. Therefore, Vf could be evaluated by the measurement of ρ because a linear relationship existed.(3) The mechanical properties could be evaluated by the measurement of ρ because the rules of mixture existed between Vf and E or σB in the experimental region.
Photochemical Reactions. 125<sup>th</sup> communication [1]. Photochemistry of homoconjugated cyclobutanones. I. Synthesis and photolysis of a Spiro [3.6]deca‐5, 7‐dien‐1‐one (1981)

Abstract The title compound 4 was prepared in 54% overall yield from eucarvone ( 5 ). On triplet sensitization 4 gives two products resulting from a 1,2‐acyl shift ( 8 and 9 ), whereas singlet excitation of 4 causes decarbonylation and ketene elimination ( 4 → 10 and 11 ).
Producer self-protection against the lantibiotic epidermin by the ABC transporter EpiFEG of<i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>TÃ¼3298 (1998)

Self-protection of the epidermin-producing strain Staphylococcus epidermidis Tü3298 against the pore-forming lantibiotic epidermin is mediated by an ABC transporter composed of the EpiF, EpiE, and EpiG proteins. We developed a sensitive assay based on HPLC analysis to investigate the capacity of the EpiFEG transporter to release epidermin and analogues from the cell surface to the external fluid. Our results indicate that the EpiFEG transporter works by expelling the lantibiotic from the cytoplasmic membrane into the surrounding medium. Analysis of transporter efficacy using nisin and gallidermin derivatives as substrates revealed a high substrate specificity. Furthermore, we showed that the activity of the gallidermin derivative L6G is enhanced by the presence of EpiE.
Range-gated pulsed Doppler power frequency spectrum analysis for the diagnosis of carotid arterial occlusive disease. (1986)

Carotid arterial disease was investigated with a Duplex Scanner using Power Frequency Spectrum Analysis. Sixty-one carotid systems were evaluated noninvasively and angiographically, while 20 controls were examined and assumed to be normal. Peak frequency and 50% frequency bandwidth, a quantitative index of spectral broadening, were correlated with the percentage of stenosis. Peak frequency predicted the presence or absence of hemodynamically significant stenoses (greater than or equal to 50% diameter reduction) with 90.8% accuracy, while 50% frequency bandwidth correctly identified similar lesions with 93.2% accuracy (p = NS). Also, with the latter results, carotid systems were grouped into less than 25%, 25% to 49%, and greater than or equal to 50% stenosis categories with an 86.4% accuracy. Similar statistical evaluation was attempted for peak frequency results. It was not possible to separate hemodynamically insignificant lesions (less than 50% diameter reduction) into distinct groups because of the overlap of results among those arteries with less than 50% stenosis. Finally, all eight occluded internal carotid arteries were identified with combined Doppler/imaging analysis. However, with imaging alone, only 5 of 8 (63%) occluded arteries were correctly identified.
A comparison of satellite tropospheric carbon monoxide measurements from AIRS and MOPITT during INTEX‐A (2007)

Satellite CO measurements from Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) and Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) were used in the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment–North America (INTEX‐A) by the flight planning team to monitor local emissions and the transport of polluted air masses. Because simultaneous measurements of tropospheric CO from both AIRS and MOPITT were used by different investigators during this experiment, a cross reference and comparison are necessary to understand these two data sets and their impacts to the scientific conclusions developed from them. The global CO mixing ratios at 500 mbar, as well as the CO total column amount, are compared between the two instruments for both direct comparison and the comparison using the same a priori profile for the period from 15 June to 14 August 2004. Also presented are the comparisons of the remotely sensed profiles by AIRS, MOPITT, and the in situ profiles collected by the DACOM. In summary, both sensors agree very well on the horizontal distributions of CO represented by the high correlation coefficients (0.7–0.98), and they agree on the CO concentrations to within an average of 10–15 ppbv. Over land, the CO variability is higher, and the correlations between the two data sets are relatively lower than over ocean; however, there is no evidence of a systematic bias. Over the oceans where the CO concentration is smaller in the lower atmosphere, AIRS‐MOPITT show a positive bias of 15–20 ppbv and the details are presented.
Silicon Nanowire Polytypes: Identification by Raman Spectroscopy, Generation Mechanism, and Misfit Strain in Homostructures (2011)

Silicon nanowires with predominant 9R, 27T, 2H and other polytype structures with respective hexagonalities of 50, 40 and 35.3% were identified by Raman microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy indicates that intrinsic stacking faults form the basic building blocks of these polytypes. We propose a generation mechanism in which polytypes are seeded from incoherent twin boundaries and associated partial dislocations. This mechanism explains observed prevalence of polytypes and trends in stacking for longer period structures. The percentage of hexagonal planes in a polytype is extracted from its Raman spectrum after correcting the zone-folded phonon frequencies to account for changes of the in-plane lattice parameter with respect to diamond cubic (3C) Si. The correction is found to be (i) of the same order of magnitude as frequency differences between modes of low period polytypes and (ii) proportional to the hexagonality. Corrected phonon frequencies agree with experimentally found values to within 0.4 cm(-1). Homostructures in which a central polytype region is bounded by 3C regions, with the planes (111)(3C)║(0001)(polytype) parallel to the nanowire axis, are found in <linear span>112<linear span> oriented nanowires. Strain-induced shifts of the Raman modes in such structures enable a rough estimation of the lattice misfit between polytypes, which compares favorably with first-principles calculations. Considerations presented here provide a simple and quantitative framework to interpret Raman frequencies and extract crystallographic information on polytype structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Dimethyldioxirane Epoxidation of 6,6‐Disubstituted Fulvenes. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Protective effects of activated protein C in sepsis (2008)

Sepsis remains a complex syndrome associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It is now widely accepted that the pathways of inflammation, coagulation, apoptosis, and endothelial permeability are intimately linked in sepsis pathophysiology. The clinical success of activated protein C (APC), a natural anticoagulant, in reducing mortality in patients with severe sepsis has fuelled basic and preclinical research on the protective effects of this molecule. Over the past 15 years, impressive research advances have provided novel insights into the multifunctional activities of APC. APC is now viewed not only as an anticoagulant, but also as a cell signaling molecule that dampens the excessive or insufficiently controlled host response during sepsis. This review attempts to summarize the pleiotropic activities of APC with focus on its ability to inhibit coagulation, inflammation, apoptosis, and endothelial barrier breakdown. A comprehensive PUBMED literature review up to May 2008 was conducted.
FRET Pair Printing of Fluorescent Proteins (2009)

We report for the first time the directed assembly and characterization of FRET pairs on micrometer patterned surfaces. We used visible fluorescent proteins expressing a hexahistidine affinity tag as component molecules for the construction of the FRET constructs, where His(6)-EGFP served as donor fluorophore and His(6-)DsRed-FT as the acceptor. We created 2D and 3D structures that exhibit fluorescence resonance energy transfer at the interfaces between the donor and acceptor patterns in the lateral or axial directions, respectively. We quantitatively visualized the energy transfer by multiparameter optical microscopy.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Experience in an Adult Medical ICU (2007)

Our data indicate that patients with community-acquired pneumonia and no underlying disease will benefit most from this technique. However, long-term survival is possible in immunocompromised patients. Venoarterial bypass can carry a higher risk for technical complications. Increasing experience apparently also reduces the risk of technical complications.
Two unlinked genes for the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in Aspergillus nidulans (1977)

The activity of the overall pyruvate dehydrogenase complex was found to be similar in extracts of Aspergillus nidulans after growth on either sucrose or acetate. Eight mutants lacking the activity of this complex were found among some 200 glycolytic mutants selected for their inability to grow on sucrose. The absence of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity was also confirmed for a mutant, g6 (pdhA1), isolated previously. Studies with the mutants supported the existence of two unlinked genes, pdhA and pdhB, controlling the function of the complex. In vivo and in vitro complementation between mutations at the two loci were shown by the ability of forced heterokaryons to grow on sucrose and by the restoration of overall pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity in mixed cell-free extracts. The mutations were recessive to their wild-type alleles, and the pdhA and pdhB loci were assigned to linkage groups I and V, respectively.
The optimisation of electrodes configuration for multicomponent ultrasonic actuators (2005)

Abstract: The multicomponent ultrasonic actuators operate in resonance mode and in order to achieve the desired modal shape, it&apos;s necessary to obtain exact dislocation of excitation zones. This paper presents a study of optimisation of the electrodes dislocation of ultrasonic actuator. The following conditions of optimisation problem are considered: to unify excitation voltage forms, to achieve reverse motion and maximum coefficient of efficiency. Realisation of this requirement means that current source has to generate voltage of constant frequency, amplitude and phase, reverse motion must be achieved only through changing the polarity of the current source and that the surface of the ultrasonic actuator is fully covered with electrodes. FEM modelling is performed in calculating process. The results of calculations for the ultrasonic actuator are shown for two options of fixing conditions. Key-Words: ultrasonic actuator, electrodes configuration, multicomponent oscillations.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Bis(arylthio)iodobenzene and Reaction with 1‐Alkynes. A Novel Route to 1,2‐Bis(arylthio)alkenes. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
PROBLEMS IN NEUTRON SLOWING BY INELASTIC SCATTERING. (1966)

The participants of the study spoke about love and sex being important in a relationship, which is why they engaged in MSP, to maximise their experience of both. MSP also allowed the young men to gain pleasure, experience and control: three necessary and sought-after attributes inherent in their notion of masculinity. The features that challenged these three factors (i.e. money, manipulative girls, parental control), which threatened their ideals of masculinity, were identified by participants as the primary risks of MSP, rather than health threats. ORIGINALITY/APPROACH: A more open-minded and positive emphasis is needed regarding the use of condoms, where pleasure and issues of "manliness" are incorporated. By understanding the experiential views of young men, HIV/AIDS prevention programmes can be adapted accordingly to better reflect their lived realities.
Experimental Studies on the Adsorption of Two Surfactants on Solid−Aqueous Interfaces: Adsorption Isotherms and Kinetics (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionExperimental Studies on the Adsorption of Two Surfactants on Solid−Aqueous Interfaces: Adsorption Isotherms and KineticsCamille Gutig, Brian P. Grady, and Alberto Striolo*View Author Information School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019Cite this: Langmuir 2008, 24, 23, 13814Publication Date (Web):October 28, 2008Publication History Received29 September 2008Published online28 October 2008Published inissue 2 December 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la8032034https://doi.org/10.1021/la8032034correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views814Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (27 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Adsorption,Chemical structure,Molecular structure,Surface roughness,Surfactants Get e-Alerts
Malformations of the Ocular Adnexae (2012)

Abstract This chapter begins with malformation of the orbit and central position, covering Orbital hypertelorism (an increased distance between the medial aspects of the two orbits), Telecanthus (an increased soft tissue distance between the inner canthi relative to inter-pupillary or interorbital distance), Dystopia canthorum (a specific feature of Waardenburg syndrome type 1 and referring to the combination of telecanthus with lateral displacement of the lacrimal puncta), and medial and lateral canthal dystopias. Major malformations of ocular structures are covered, including cryptophthalmos, microphthalmia and anophthalmia. Malformations of the eyelid are discussed, including Eyelid colobomas, Ankyloblepharon, Euryblepharon, Microblepharon, the four distinct types of epicanthus (epicanthus supraciliaris, epicanthus palpebralis, epicanthus tarsalis , and epicanthus inversus), blepharoptosis, ptosis and epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES), Congenital entropion, Congenital ectropion, and congential eyelid retraction. The chapter also covers malformations of eyelashes, periocular skin and epibulbar surface, including Distichiasis, Epibulbar and orbital choristomas, and linear nevus sebaceous syndrome (also termed sebaceous nevus of Jadassohn, Schimmelpenning-Feuerstein-Mims syndrome, or organoid nevus syndrome). Finally the chapter deals with malformation of extraocular muscles: the disgenesis of the levator palpebrae superioris, and the agenensis of the superior oblique tendon, the inferior rectus muscle, the superior rectus muscle, the medial rectus muscle, and the lateral rectus muscle.
HAN Attack Surface and the Open Smart Energy Gateway Project (2012)

This paper attempts to provide, on a non-proprietary basis, insight into the major design elements of both smart meters and the larger AMI systems within which they operate and, within this context, enumerate known security issues.
Feeding Motor Programme in <i>Limax</i>. II. Modulation by Sensory Inputs in Intact Animals and Isolated Central Nervous Systems (1980)

The sources of variability in feeding motor programme (FMP) of the terrestrial slug, Limax maximus, were examined in relation to: (1) changes in load on the feeding apparatus; (2) changes in concentration of attractive food stimuli; and (3) changes in satiety signalled by feedback from the gut. These sources of variability, which affect both timing of the central pattern generator for feeding and probability of occurrence of FMP, were compared in intact animals and in isolated brain preparations. The load on feeding apparatus of intact animals is altered by varying the hardness of their food. An animal will show a higher 'bite cycle' frequency on soft food as compared with hard food. In physiological preparations, weights attached to buccal muscles similarly increase load. Cycle frequency of FMP triggered by food extracts is increased when buccal muscles are unloaded compared with FMP when muscles are loaded. Increasing the chemostimulant concentration of food results in greater numbers of intact animals feeding for longer periods. Increasing the food extract concentration used to trigger FMP in physiological preparations causes similar increases in feeding duration. Intact animals use cues from gut distention to indicate satiation and terminate feeding. Inflation of the crop in physiological preparations causes an early termination of feeding activity, along with decreased FMP cycle frequency.