gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-phase modulation and compression of few-optical-cycle pulses (2000)

The nonlinear propagation of few-optical-cycle pulses through a dispersive Kerr medium, as, e.g., fused silica, is studied theoretically using a global approach to dispersion without applying the slowly varying envelope approximation. Contrary to amplitude self-steepening, a nearly triangular pulse shape with the steep side on the leading front is predicted. The calculation of the ultrawide spectrum and the spectral phases demonstrates that half-cycle pulses with a full width at half maximum as short as 0.5 fs and single-cycle pulses can be generated by the application of an appropriate broadband modulator for the compensation of the frequency-depending phase.
Learning Task Knowledge from Dialog and Web Access (2015)

We present KnoWDiaL, an approach for Learning and using task-relevant Knowledge from human-robot Dialog and access to the Web. KnoWDiaL assumes that there is an autonomous agent that performs tasks, as requested by humans through speech. The agent needs to “understand” the request, (i.e., to fully ground the task until it can proceed to plan for and execute it). KnoWDiaL contributes such understanding by using and updating a Knowledge Base, by dialoguing with the user, and by accessing the web. We believe that KnoWDiaL, as we present it, can be applied to general autonomous agents. However, we focus on our work with our autonomous collaborative robot, CoBot, which executes service tasks in a building, moving around and transporting objects between locations. Hence, the knowledge acquired and accessed consists of groundings of language to robot actions, and building locations, persons, and objects. KnoWDiaL handles the interpretation of voice commands, is robust regarding speech recognition errors, and is able to learn commands involving referring expressions in an open domain, (i.e., without requiring a lexicon). We present in detail the multiple components of KnoWDiaL, namely a frame-semantic parser, a probabilistic grounding model, a web-based predicate evaluator, a dialog manager, and the weighted predicate-based Knowledge Base. We illustrate the knowledge access and updates from the dialog and Web access, through detailed and complete examples. We further evaluate the correctness of the predicate instances learned into the Knowledge Base, and show the increase in dialog efficiency as a function of the number of interactions. We have extensively and successfully used KnoWDiaL in CoBot dialoguing and accessing the Web, and extract a few corresponding example sequences from captured videos.
Photon detection in nonlinear tunneling devices (1978)

A quantum generalization of classical microwave mixer theory is developed to project the performance of nonlinear tunneling barriers at high frequencies. The results demonstrate that such devices may be considered photon detectors when their conductance varies rapidly on a scale of voltage h/ω/e. Tunnel barrier mixers are thus shown to offer potential for the development of wide-band quantum noise limited detectors in the wavelength region from 10 μm to a few millimeters.
Use of fish oil to prevent graft rejection (1998)

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Endogenous material in brain inhibiting [<sup>3</sup>H]nicotine and [<sup>3</sup>H]acetylcholine binding (1984)

The supernatant obtained from mouse brain homogenates contains material that inhibits the saturable binding of [3H]nicotine in mouse cerebral cortex. This inhibitory material was further purified by heat denaturation, ultrafiltration through an Amicon PM-10 membrane filter, and gel chromatography on Sephadex G-10. The material inhibited the binding of [3H]acetylcholine with the same potency as it did that of [3H]nicotine. It also had some affinity for the sites that specifically bind [3H]D-Ala, D-Leu enkephalin, but had much lower affinity for the binding sites for [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB), [3H]spiroperidol, [3H]naloxone, or [3H]imipramine. Acid hydrolysis destroyed the activity. These preliminary results suggest the presence in brain of "nicotinelike" substances, one of which may be the endogenous ligand for the sites that specifically bind [3H]nicotine.
<title>Biomechanical basis for laser thermokeratoplasty</title> (1996)

Laser thermokeratoplasty (LTK) is a procedure in refractive surgery to correct hyperopia and astigmatism. The rise in refractive power of the eye is achieved by thermally induced shrinkage of collagen in the corneal periphery leading to an increase of the central corneal curvature. Biomechanical effects, which play an important role in LTK, were investigated in order to simplify the transfer of data from animal experiments to the situation in the human eye and to get a basis for improving the understanding of the influence of physical parameters involved in the surgical procedure. A 2D axially symmetric biomechanical LTK model of the cornea was developed using the finite element method. In this model the cornea is represented as a partial sphere under pressure fixed at the limbus. The coagulations were modeled by shrinking a corneal volume. The analysis showed the influence of the material stiffness, the corneal geometry, the amount of shrinkage and the ring diameter of an annular coagulation on the resulting corneal curvature. The model allows to analyze the influence of some biomechanical and of LTK parameters on the resulting corneal curvature, which is only possible with great effort or not at all by experiments. THe strong dependence of the results on Young's modulus points out that it would be useful to determine the patient's individual mechanical properties of the cornea before applying LTK.
PARTICIPATION OF THE CYTOPLASMIC MEMBRANE IN THE GROWTH AND SPORE FORMATION OF BACILLI (1960)

A polyester embedding technique was used to study the early stages of spore formation in members of the genus Bacillus in order to investigate further the origin and nature of the initial spore septum and the resulting forespore envelope. Whereas previously, with a methacrylate procedure, this layer had appeared to be continuous with the cell wall, this study reveals it as a double layer of cytoplasmic membrane. Perisporal, membranous organelles connected both to the developing forspore envelope and to the cytoplasmic membrane were encountered in the four species studied. Similar organelles were prominent during growth at the sites of transverse septa formation. These were connected to, or continuous with, the cytoplasmic membrane and often adherent to the chromatin bodies of the dividing bacilli.
The A/J mouse lung as a model for developing new chemointervention strategies. (1993)

The use of the A/J mouse lung as a model for developing new chemo-intervention strategies was investigated by first inducing lung tumors with a single dose of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. Lungs were then staged for tumor development and intervention therapy was initiated 42 weeks after carcinogen treatment. At this time point, an average of 7 pulmonary lesions were present on a standard histological section and the relative frequency of lesions was distributed as alveolar hyperplasias (38%), adenomas (40%), and adenocarcinomas (22%). Mice were treated for 4 or 8 weeks with cis-platinum alone or in combination with either indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, metoclopramide, an inducer of poly(ADP) ribosylation, or nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker. The effect of indomethacin, metoclopramide, and nifedipine on tumor growth was also determined. The most dramatic effects were observed in lungs from mice treated for 8 weeks. cis-Platinum treatment caused a 37% reduction in the size of carcinomas, while tumor mass was reduced by 50 to 60% with cis-platinum in combination with metoclopramide and/or indomethacin. The inclusion of indomethacin therapy in conjunction with cis-platinum significantly enhanced the effectiveness of cis-platinum for inhibiting the growth of adenocarcinomas. In contrast, nifedipine appeared to ameliorate any of the inhibitory growth effects seen with cis-platinum treatment. Although none of the therapeutic combinations affected the size of adenomas, morphological differences were observed among treatment groups. A moderate to marked decrease in cytoplasm was observed in adenomas from mice treated with cis-platinum in combination with indomethacin or metoclopramide, cis-platinum plus metoclopramide and indomethacin, or metoclopramide plus indomethacin. Taken together, the results from these studies demonstrate that the A/J mouse lung can be used as a model to study the effectiveness of new intervention therapies for controlling malignant tumor growth. This model should also be applicable for studying the effectiveness of cancer prevention therapies on the progression of pulmonary hyperplasia.
Dynamic mechanical response of a thermoplastic sheet molding compound‐glass fiber composite (1991)

Abstract The dynamic mechanical properties of nylon 6/continuous glass fiber composites at four levels of fiber volume content were studied between ‐180 and 130°C using a free resonance torsion pendulum. The composites were produced by anionically polymerizing caprolactam monomer within a swirl type glass fiber mat using a vacuum injection technique. In addition to the expected strong dependence of shear storage modulus on fiber volume content, the glass transition temperature of the nylon 6 was observed to increase slightly and the mechanical damping decrease with fiber volume fraction. Introduction of about 7 weight percent water (i.e., equilibrium hygroscopic state) into the composite led to a considerable broadening of the transition peaks and a much lower plasticizing action of water in the composite relative to the pure nylon 6 matrix.
747 Transduced Bone Marrow-derived Cells Target Brain Tumors and Express Transgene (2004)

INTRODUCTION: Previously, we showed that naked plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid encoding therapeutic genes selectively targets brain tumors via intra-arterial injection and improves survival (Barnett et al., Gene Therapy, in press). This approach is limited by the length of time of transgene expression. To improve the efficacy and durability of gene delivery, we have developed a highly selective, cell-based approach to therapeutic gene delivery. METHODS: 9L gliosarcoma cells were stereotactically implanted into SCID mouse brains. Six days later, we stereotactically implanted distinct populations of bone marrow-derived cells from mice or humans. A mononuclear fraction from bone marrow was further divided into Lin− and Lin+ populations (Otani et al., 2002). The Lin− population is enriched for endothelial progenitor cells, whereas the Lin+ population contains hematopoietic precursors. These cells were transduced with a lentivirus vector encoding the GFP gene. Mouse brains were removed at different time points and examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Both Lin+ and Lin− cells derived from mouse proliferate and target brain tumors, but they exhibit different behavior within the tumors. Initially, the majority of Lin+ cells migrate out of the tumor, whereas the Lin− cells tend to remain within the tumor. By 20 to 30 days postimplantation, a subpopulation of Lin+ cells is observed to proliferate within the tumor parenchyma. In contrast, a subpopulation of Lin− cells proliferate, localize along blood vessels, and migrate to satellite tumor foci. Human bone marrow cells exhibit similar behavior in this experimental model. Mouse bone marrow cells can be genetically modified ex vivo by transduction with a lentivirus vector encoding GFP. The transduction efficiencies vary from 68 to 80% for the Lin− population and from 48 to 68% for the Lin+ population. We demonstrate selective transgene expression within tumors. CONCLUSION: A cell-based approach may allow for targeted delivery of therapeutic genes to brain tumors and may be adapted for use in humans.
Effects of Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy on Ankle Joint Function in Patients With Cerebral Palsy (2020)

Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) is a neurosurgical technique performed to reduce muscle spasticity and improve motor functions in children with cerebral palsy (CP). In long term, muscle contractures were observed even after SDR. To better understand what is contributing to contracture formation, it is necessary to assess the effects of SDR on joint stiffness. We hypothesized that ankle passive range of motion (ROM) increases and the quasi-stiffness of the ankle joint decreases after SDR in children with CP. This retrospective study included 10 children with diplegic CP (median age 6 years 2 months) who had undergone SDR and for whom gait analysis data were collected 3 months before (Pre-SDR) and 13 months after (Post-SDR) surgery. Additional to clinical measures, ankle quasi-stiffness (the slope of the ankle moment vs. ankle angle plot) was analyzed from gait data. Passive ankle ROM at 0° (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) and 90° knee angles (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) increased after SDR. Dynamic EMG analysis showed improved phasic gastrocnemius activity (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Equinus gait was improved with the reduction of peak plantar flexion (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), as well as an increase in peak dorsiflexion (<i>p</i> = 0.006) during walking was observed. Ankle joint quasi-stiffness (Pre- and post-SDR median = 0.056 Nm/kg/° and 0.051 Nm/kg/°, and interquartile range: 0.031 Nm/kg/° and 0.019 Nm/kg/°, respectively) decreased significantly (<i>p</i> = 0.0017) after SDR. Moreover, even though the total time of the gait cycle did not change (<i>p</i> = 0.99), the time interval from maximum dorsiflexion to maximum plantar flexion (Pre- and post-SDR median = 0.125 s and 0.156 s, and interquartile range: 0.153 and 0.253 s, respectively) increased significantly (<i>p</i> = 0.0068) after SDR. In conclusion, the decreased ankle quasi-stiffness and the enhanced time interval in the gait cycle due to SDR indicate better motor control and joint stability. Our findings suggest that the long-term contracture formation occurring even after surgical interventions may be related to the stiffening of non-contractile structures.
The Novel Gamma Secretase Inhibitor RO4929097 Reduces the Tumor Initiating Potential of Melanoma (2011)

Several reports have demonstrated a role for aberrant NOTCH signaling in melanoma genesis and progression, prompting us to explore if targeting this pathway is a valid therapeutic approach against melanoma. We targeted NOTCH signaling using RO4929097, a novel inhibitor of gamma secretase, which is a key component of the enzymatic complex that cleaves and activates NOTCH. The effects of RO4929097 on the oncogenic and stem cell properties of a panel of melanoma cell lines were tested both in vitro and in vivo, using xenograft models. In human primary melanoma cell lines, RO4929097 decreased the levels of NOTCH transcriptional target HES1. This was accompanied by reduced proliferation and impaired ability to form colonies in soft agar and to organize in tridimensional spheres. Moreover, RO4929097 affected the growth of human primary melanoma xenograft in NOD/SCID/IL2gammaR-/- mice and inhibited subsequent tumor formation in a serial xenotransplantation model, suggesting that inhibition of NOTCH signaling suppresses the tumor initiating potential of melanoma cells. In addition, RO4929097 decreased tumor volume and blocked the invasive growth pattern of metastatic melanoma cell lines in vivo. Finally, increased gene expression of NOTCH signaling components correlated with shorter post recurrence survival in metastatic melanoma cases. Our data support NOTCH inhibition as a promising therapeutic strategy against melanoma.
Molecular Doping of a High Mobility Diketopyrrolopyrrole–Dithienylthieno[3,2-<i>b</i>]thiophene Donor–Acceptor Copolymer with F6TCNNQ (2017)

Herein we present a molecular doping of a high mobility diketopyrrolopyrrole–dithienylthieno[3,2-b]thiophene donor–acceptor copolymer poly[3,6-(dithiophene-2-yl)-2,5-di(6-dodecyloctadecyl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione-alt-thieno[3,2-b]thiophene], PDPP(6-DO)2TT, with the electron-deficient compound hexafluorotetracyanonaphthoquinodimethane (F6TCNNQ). Despite a slightly negative HOMOdonor–LUMOacceptor offset of −0.12 eV which may suggest a reduced driving force for the charge transfer (CT), a partial charge CT was experimentally observed in PDPP(6-DO)2TT:F6TCNNQ by absorption, vibrational, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies and predicted by density functional theory calculations. Despite the modest CT, PDPP(6-DO)2TT:F6TCNNQ films possess unexpectedly high conductivities up to 2 S/cm (comparable with the conductivities of the benchmark doped polymer system P3HT:F4TCNQ having a large positive offset). The observation of the high conductivity in doped PDPP(6-DO)2TT films can be explained by a high hole mobility in PDPP(6-DO)2TT blends which compensates a lowered (relatively to P3HT:F4TCNQ) concentration of free charge carriers. We also show that F6TCNNQ-doped P3HT, the system which has not been reported so far to the best of our knowledge, exhibits a conductivity up to 7 S/cm, which exceeds the conductivity of the benchmark P3HT:F4TCNQ system.
Optical Materials (1987)

This special issue of Optical Engineering deals with the progress currently being made in the synthesis of new and perhaps revolutionary materials that can perform novel functions or make possible improved performance in modern optical devices. During the past five years, SPIE has sponsored a series of conferences focusing on the state of the art of emerging optical materials for passive as well as active applications. Over 200 papers have been presented in these conferences and published in the conference proceedings.
Severe Obesity Confounds the Interpretation of Low-Dose Dexamethasone Test Combined with the Administration of Ovine Corticotrophin-Releasing Hormone in Childhood Cushing Syndrome (2008)

Our study showed that height gain is a simple way of distinguishing children with PCCS from those with CS; the interpretation of Dex-oCRH in children is confounded by severe obesity, which limits the utility of this test.
Pericyte coverage of abnormal blood vessels in myelofibrotic bone marrows (2007)

We conclude that angiogenesis is similarly abnormal in human and murine myelofibrosis with intense pericyte coating, presumably related to abnormal megakaryocytopoiesis.
Self-aligning 2×2 fiber-optic switch using liquid crystals (2003)

Summary form only given. One option for self alignment is to use ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) to form a high speed no moving part 2/spl times/2 fibre optic switch (FOS). Recently, we proposed a simple 2/spl times/2 FOS using FLCs. In this paper, we demonstrate the properties of this FOS.
Ground-based measurements of the wake vortex characteristics of a B747 aircraft in various configurations (1977)

A Boeing 747 aircraft flew 54 passes at low altitude over ground based sensors. Vortex velocities were measured by a laser Doppler velocimeter, an array of monostatic acoustic sounders, and an array of propeller anemometers. Flow visualization of the wake was achieved using smoke and balloon tracers and was recorded photographically. Data were obtained on vortex velocity fields, vortex decay, and the effects of spoilers and differential flap settings on the dissipation and structure of the vortices.\n
Modeling the role of covalent enzyme modification in<i>Escherichia coli</i>nitrogen metabolism (2010)

In the bacterium Escherichia coli, the enzyme glutamine synthetase (GS) converts ammonium into the amino acid glutamine. GS is principally active when the cell is experiencing nitrogen limitation, and its activity is regulated by a bicyclic covalent modification cascade. The advantages of this bicyclic-cascade architecture are poorly understood. We analyze a simple model of the GS cascade in comparison to other regulatory schemes and conclude that the bicyclic cascade is suboptimal for maintaining metabolic homeostasis of the free glutamine pool. Instead, we argue that the lag inherent in the covalent modification of GS slows the response to an ammonium shock and thereby allows GS to transiently detoxify the cell, while maintaining homeostasis over longer times.
Pharmacology of naphthoquinones, with special reference to the antimalarial activity of Lapinone (WR 26, 041). (1969)

Abstract
Lapinone, chemically known as 2-hydroxy,3-(9-hydroxy-9-pentyltetradecyl) 1–4 naphthoquinone, has received the Walter Reed acquisition number of WR 26,041. In mice infected with Plasmodium berghei, 100 mg per kg of WR 26,041 was effective both subcutaneously and orally in suppressing parasitemia. In infected rats, 100 mg per kg administered subcutaneously, orally, or intraperitoneally also suppressed parasitemia and prolonged the duration of survival. In the rat, the intravenous lethal dose was about equal to the antimalarial dose. The cardiovascular effects of WR 26,041 were investigated in three species of animal. In the isolated rat atrial muscle, this compound exerted a quinidine-like action. In the cat, the intravenous infusion of WR 26,041 potentiated some actions of epinephrine, whereas in the dog, there was no depression of cardiac output. The effect of the compound on the mobility of erythrocytes was investigated as an initial step in the development of an in vitro test to assess antimalarial activity against P. berghei.
Reduction of X-ray-induced DNA damage in normal human cells treated with the PrC-210 radioprotector (2018)

The aim of our study was to determine the protective efficacy of the PrC-210 aminothiol radioprotector against X-ray-induced DNA damage in normal human cells and to establish dose- and time-effect models for future PrC-210 use in humans. The PrC-210 structure has a branched structure which enables scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) away from DNA. Normal human blood lymphocytes, fibroblasts and naked genomic DNA were exposed to PrC-210 seconds to hours prior to irradiation. Biological (γ-H2AX foci), chemical (8-oxo-deoxyguanosine) and physical (genomic DNA electrophoretic migration) DNA damage endpoints were scored to determine the ability of PrC-210 to suppress radiation-induced DNA damage. X-ray-induced γ-H2AX foci in blood lymphocytes were reduced by 80% after irradiation with 10, 50 and 100 mGy, and DNA double-strand breaks in fibroblasts were reduced by 60% after irradiation with 20 Gy. Additionally, we observed a reduction of 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine (an ROS-mediated, DNA damage marker) in human genomic DNA to background in a PrC-210 dose-dependent manner. PrC-210 also eliminated radiation-induced cell death in colony formation assays after irradiation with 1 Gy. The protective efficacy of PrC-210 in each of these assay systems supports its development as a radioprotector for humans in multiple radiation exposure settings.
Prediction of Localized Corrosion Using Modeling and Experimental Techniques (1994)

An overall approach to life prediction of a component undergoing localized corrosion involving initiation and repassivation is considered. A crevice corrosion initiation model for Fe-Ni-Cr-Mo alloys is presented in this paper. This is a finite difference model that considers the combined effects of hydrolysis and transport in predicting the evolution of the solution chemistry inside a crevice of a given geometry. Crevice corrosion initiation time is computed by equating the time it takes for the crevice-solution chemistry to evolve to a critical solution chemistry for the depassivation of a given alloy. Depassivation pH is measured on non-creviced (open) samples as a function of environmental factors such as temperature, chloride, and sulfate. The measured depassivation pH is then used as an input variable in the crevice corrosion model to calculate the initiation time. The use of crevice corrosion repassivation potential as a bounding parameter for performance prediction is also examined. The limitations of the current models and future directions are identified.