gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of shear rate on primary nucleation of para-amino benzoic acid in solution under different fluid dynamic conditions (2018)

The influence of shear rate on the primary nucleation of para-amino benzoic acid in water has been investigated via a series of cooling crystallization experiments. For each experiment, we recorded the induction time at various temperatures and supersaturation ratios, employing two flow devices: a capillary tube in which the solution was divided into hundreds of monodisperse droplets and a set of stirred vials. The capillary tube was used to perform experiments in stagnant conditions (motionless droplets) and low shear rate conditions (flowing droplets), while the stirred vials were used to perform experiments at relatively high shear rates. In this way, a wide range of shear rates was investigated. Comparing the results obtained for the motionless and flowing droplets, we saw that the nucleation rate is significantly increased (by several orders of magnitude) by the shear field; however, when the shear rate increases beyond a certain level (stirred vials experiments), we observed a drop in the nucleation rate. Thus, the results demonstrate a non-monotonic dependence of primary nucleation rate on shear rate. Various mechanisms to explain the effect of shear on nucleation are quantitatively and qualitatively discussed; however, at present no definitive conclusion can be drawn to identify the controlling mechanism.
The Energy Efficiency of On-Off Keying with Partial CSI and Peak Power Constraints (2006)

It is well known that on-off keying (OOK) suffers from a 3 dB SNR penalty relative to BPSK for coded transmission over a Rayleigh fading channel with perfect receiver channel state information (CSI). Previously, the cutoff rate has been used to show that this 3 dB penalty can be partially recovered if the OOK transmission probability can be varied, with full recovery in the limit of vanishing rates. We extend these results to the case of imperfect CSI. We show that the maximum penalty with partial CSI is 4 dB, and that there is a range of rates and CSI quality for which the penalty is instead a gain. By further varying the transmission probability of the '1' bit in OOK, we show that the 3 dB penalty can be recovered for small rates, but not at larger rates. Finally, we consider the energy penalty for using OOK under a peak power constraint.
Occurrence of Rice Root-Knot Nematode and Yield Loss Assessment in Aligarh and Hathras Districts of Uttar Pradesh, India (2011)

Surveys were conducted in Aligarh and Hathras districts of Uttar Pradesh to determine frequency of occurrence and disease incidence of rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola in paddy fields. One hundred eighty paddy fields were surveyed in all blocks of the five tehsils of Aligarh and four tehsils of Hathras district. M. graminicola was found widely distributed in most of the rice growing localities in all tehsils. Most of the farmers grow two export varieties of paddy cv. Sugandh-5 and Pusa 1121 which were found highly susceptible to the nematode and exhibited 16 to 41% yield loss compared to the field not infested with M. graminicola in the locality. Frequency of disease occurrence in the Aligarh and Hathras districts was found to be 40% and 27%, respectively. Among various tehsils in the district Aligarh highest frequency of occurrence was recorded in the Koil (77.5%) and lowest in Khair (11.5%). In the Hathras district, the frequency of occurrence was found greatest in the tehsil Sasni (31.5%) and lowest in Sadabad (18%). Disease incidence in the Aligarh and Hathras districts was found 69 and 48%, respectively. Maximum incidence of root-knot in Aligarh and Hathras district was found in Iglas (76.5%) and Hathras (50%) tehsils, respectively. Disease severity on 0–5 scale was recorded 4.5 gall index in Iglas tehsil (Aligarh) and 3.0 GI in Sasni tehsil (Hathras district). Consequently greatest yield decline in Aligarh was recorded in Iglas tehsil (up to 60.8%) and in the district Hathras it was 32% in Hathras tehsil. Overall the disease occurrence, incidence, severity and yield loss to paddy were much greater in the fields/localities with lighter soil (sandy loam) than heavier soils (clay loam).
Al as a Simple Solid: High Pressure Study to 220 GPa (2.2 Mbar) (1994)

The static equation of state of Al has been measured to 220 GPa, corresponding to a compression of $\frac{V}{{V}_{0}}=0.50$. No phase transformation from the fcc to hcp phase was observed. The equation of state fits the H11 form for a simple solid as defined by W.B. Holzapfel Phys. Rev. B 48 767 1993 with no free parameters. These results are also consistent with recent shock data on Al to a pressure of 1 TPa ($\frac{V}{{V}_{0}}=0.30$) Phys. Rev. Lett. 60 1414 1988. The ultrasonic, static, and shock equations of state of Al are reconciled and compared to theoretical predictions.
ANAKINRA: THE FIRST INTERLEUKIN‐1 INHIBITOR IN THE TREATMENT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (2003)

Rheumatoid arthritis is an immunologically mediated inflammation of joints of unknown aetiology and often leads to disability. This inflammatory process may also involve extra-articular connective tissue. New therapeutic approaches have been made by inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is regarded as one of the most important mediators in the development of synovialitis. In this article, anakinra (Kineret), the first direct antagonist to IL-1, is discussed, in particular the efficacy and safety data from clinical trials. More than 10,000 patients have been treated with anakinra with significant improvement of inflammation and pain; the rate of radiologically visible progressive joint damage was significantly reduced. Among the adverse events, injection site reactions were most frequent, followed by a mild increase in infections. No activation of tuberculosis, as in tumour necrosis factor-alpha antagonist administration, has so far been reported.
Acute aortic dissection due to intoxication with mephedrone – a (2012)

Kokaina i pochodne amfetamin s zdaniem wikszoci autorw najczstszymi rodkami psychoaktywnymi, ktrych stosowanie wie si z rozwojem ostrego rozwarstwienia aorty (acute aortic dissection -AAD). W przedstawionym przypadku AAD mogo mie zwizek z rekreacyjnym uywaniem mefedronu. Cho rodek ten uwaany by do niedawna
Spiral-shaped microdisk resonator channel drop/add filters: Asymmetry in modal distributions (2007)

We report experiments and simulations of spiral-shaped microdisk resonator channel drop/add filters with a non-evanescently-coupled waveguide at the spiral notch. We observe asymmetry in modal distributions between the drop/add filters at the same resonance wavelengths.
The Preparation, Substantivity, and Fluorescence Intensity of some Benzoyl Derivatives of 4, 4‘–Diaminostilbene–3, 3’– and –2, 2 –Disulphonic Acids (1965)

The benzoyl, p –toluoyl, and p –aminobenzoyl derivatives of 4, 4′‐diaminostilbene‐3, 3′‐and‐2, 2′‐sulphonic acid have been prepared. Their substantivities (under equilibrium adsorption conditions) and fluorescence intensities have been compared. The 3, 3′‐derivatives have greater substantivity and, although this is not quite so marked, higher fluorescence intensity for the same amount adsorbed than the 2, 2′‐derivatives.
Molecular Cloning and Genomic Analysis of Mouse Glucuronyltransferase Involved in Biosynthesis of the HNK-1 Epitope (2002)

cDNA and genomic clones encoding the mouse glucuronyltransferase (GlcAT-P) involved in biosynthesis of the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope were isolated and the structural organization of the gene was determined. The predicted amino acid sequence of mouse GlcAT-P is 96.2 and 98.2% identical to those of the rat and human enzymes, respectively. Alternatively spliced isoforms of mouse GlcAT-P are present in the brain and encode two proteins that are identical throughout their length except for an additional 13 amino acids in the N-terminal cytoplasmic domain of the major form. The coding region of GlcAT-P is composed of 5 exons spanning approximately 6 kb, and the GlcAT-P gene was mapped to the A4 region of mouse chromosome 9. Upstream of the transcriptional start site, no typical TATA or CCAAT box was found, but binding sites for several known transcription factors including Sp1 and Krox-20 were identified. Transient transfection of luciferase reporter constructs demonstrated that a 207 bp fragment of the 5'-upstream region acts as a strong promoter in PC-12 cells, which express the HNK-1 epitope, but not in COS-1 cells. Thus, this minimal promoter region of GlcAT-P is suggested to be associated with the regulation of HNK-1 expression.
A Human Lymphokine Activates Macrophage C3 Receptors for Phagocytosis: Studies Using Monoclonal Anti-Lymphokine Antibodies (1984)

We have identified a human T lymphocyte cell line, the Mo line, that constitutively elaborates a lymphokine that activates macrophage receptors for the third complement component (C3) for phagocytosis. The molecule is physically, functionally, and immunologically very similar, if not identical, to a previously characterized murine lymphokine. Both molecules were inactivated by the same physical and chemical treatments, activated macrophage C3 receptors for phagocytosis, and freed macrophage C3 receptors to move within the cell's plasma membrane. In addition, both the human and the murine products were recognized by the same monoclonal antibodies. Treatment with monoclonal antibodies abolished both the ability of lymphokine-containing supernatants to mobilize macrophage C3 receptors and the supernatants' ability to activate C3 receptor-mediated phagocytosis. The dose-response curves for both effects of the antibodies were identical, strongly suggesting that a single molecule was responsible for both effects and that the lymphokine activated marophage C3 receptors for phagocytosis by freeing the anchored receptors and allowing them to diffuse within the cell's plasma membrane. These findings strengthen the hypothesis that, for a receptor to promote phagocytosis, it must be able to diffuse within the macrophage plasma membrane.
Visible cathodoluminescence of 4 Å single-walled carbon nanotubes (2005)

We report on cathodoluminescence (CL) of monosized and well-aligned 4 Å single-walled carbon nanotubes in a zeolite template (AlPO4-5 single crystal). The CL exhibits three emission bands centered at 1.87, 2.22, and 2.98 eV, which are assigned to three possible 4 Å tube structures (4,2), (5,0), and (3,3), respectively. The assignation is based on first-principles calculations, Raman scattering measurement, and CL behavior of various samples. The emission peak shift of the (5, 0) tube is explained by the transition mechanism being different from photoluminescence due to the excitation of electrons with high energy.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzymatic Aminolysis and Transamidation Reactions. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Reducing prediction uncertainty of weather controlled systems (2007)

In closed agricultural systems the weather acts both as a disturbance and as a resource.By using weather forecasts in control strategies the effects of disturbances can be minimized whereas the resources can be utilized.In this situation weather forecast uncertainty and model based control are coupled.In this thesis a model of a storage facility of agricultural produce is used as an example for a weather controlled system.The first step in reducing prediction uncertainty is taken by reducing the uncertainty in the weather forecast itself.A Kalman filter approach is used for this purpose.Weather forecast uncertainty is significantly reduced up to 10 hours for temperature, up to 32 hours for wind speed and up to 3 hours for global radiation by using this approach.For a linearized model of the storage facility error propagation rules have been derived.The uncertainty of the output can therefore be analytically calculated.The medium range weather forecast, i.e. up to ten days ahead, consists of an ensemble of 50 forecasts.The mean and variance of these forecasts are used for model prediction and model output uncertainty prediction.Furthermore, by using optimal control in conjunction with a cost criterion, the uncertainty of the system state is incorporated into the cost criterion.As a result the control inputs shift towards parts with less uncertainty in the weather forecast.Finally, a numerical risk evaluation showed that if feedback is applied, as in receding horizon optimal control, the cost increase is limited to 5% for a 24 hour feedback interval.Mathematical models are always an approximation of the real system.Model uncertainties arise in the model structure and/or in unknown parameter values.If measurements from the system are present, the model is fitted to the data by changing parameter values.Generally, parameters that are nonlinear in system model output are estimated by nonlinear least-squares (NLS) optimization algorithms.For systems that rational in their parameters a reparameterization method is proposed such that the new parameters can be estimated with ordinary least squares.As a result a modified predictor appears.In the noise free case this leads to the exact parameter estimates whereas a nonlinear least squares approach might end up in a local minimum.If noise is present, however, the linear estimates might be biased and the modified predictor has only a limited range.Because after linear reparameterization the data structure generally becomes errors-in-variables a bias compensated total least squares approach is used.The predictive performance of the modified predictor in this case largely improves and is regarded as a powerful alternative to the existing least squares methods.
<title>Archimedean-spiral and log-spiral antenna comparison</title> (2002)

For several years, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has been used to search for buried landmines. Most of the evaluation effort on complete detection systems has focused on end-to-end performance metrics (e.g., Pd and Pfa). Here, we focus on the specific performance of one critical component of GPR systems-the antennas. This is the first in a series of papers that will compare the following parameters of many different antennas: (1) the most useful bandwidths, (2) the role of polarization and polarization diversity, (3) spurious coupling effects, and (4) phase-correction considerations. This paper compares four types of Planning Systems, Inc., antennas that were developed for current and past GPR systems. These are a 5.5-in. log-spiral antenna without balun or spiral-arm terminations; 5.75-in. log-spiral antenna with tapered balun and arm termination; 5.5-in. Archimedean-spiral antenna with tapered balun, but without arm terminations; and 5.75-in. Archimedean-spiral antenna with tapered balun and arm terminations. Three main tests were performed to compare the antennas: (1) S11, to show overall matching bandwidth and to reveal discontinuities in the balun-antenna-termination structure; (2) S21, to measure undesired direct-path coupling relative to intended target scattering; and (3) S21, to show direct coupling vs. antenna spacing.
Consecutive Generation of Mesopores and Micropores in SBA-15 (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTConsecutive Generation of Mesopores and Micropores in SBA-15Chia-Min Yang, Bodo Zibrowius, Wolfgang Schmidt, and Ferdi SchüthView Author Information Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany Cite this: Chem. Mater. 2003, 15, 20, 3739–3741Publication Date (Web):September 13, 2003Publication History Received1 August 2003Revised14 August 2003Published online13 September 2003Published inissue 1 October 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm031109jhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cm031109jrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1875Altmetric-Citations131LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Crystal cleavage,Genetics,Porosity,Silica,Sorption Get e-Alerts
Suppression of Rotylenchulus reniformis on Cotton by the Nematophagous Fungus ARF. (2004)

The reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford &Oliveira, has become a serious threat to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in the United States during the past decade. The objective of this study is to isolate fungi from eggs of R. reniformis and select potential biological control agents for R. reniformis on cotton. Soil samples were collected from cotton fields located in Jefferson County, Arkansas. Eight genera of fungi were included in the 128 fungal isolates obtained, and among them were five strains of the nematophagous fungus ARF. The mtDNA RFLP pattern, colony growth characteristics, and pathogenicity indicate the five ARF isolates represent one described strain and one new strain. Light and electron microscopic observations suggest ARF is an active parasite of R. reniformis, with parasitism ranging from 48% to 79% in in vitro tests. Three greenhouse experiments demonstrated ARF successfully suppressed the number of reniform nematodes during the first and second generation of the nematode. Reductions in numbers of R. reniformis on the roots for the seven application rates of 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5% ARF were 87%, 92%, 94%, 96%, 97%, 98%, and and 98%, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Organic Anions. Part 142. Reactions of α‐Chloroalkyl Sulfones with Nitronaphthalene Derivatives. (1987)

Abstract The nitronaphthalene derivatives (I) react with the carbanions derived from the sulfones (II) to give the substitution products (III) or (IV).
Novel joint TOA/RSSI-based WCE location tracking method without prior knowledge of biological human body tissues (2014)

This paper proposes a novel joint time of arrival (TOA)/received signal strength indicator (RSSI)-based wireless capsule endoscope (WCE) location tracking method without prior knowledge of biological human tissues. Generally, TOA-based localization can achieve much higher localization accuracy than other radio frequency-based localization techniques, whereas wireless signals transmitted from a WCE pass through various kinds of human body tissues, as a result, the propagation velocity inside a human body should be different from one in free space. Because the variation of propagation velocity is mainly affected by the relative permittivity of human body tissues, instead of pre-measurement for the relative permittivity in advance, we simultaneously estimate not only the WCE location but also the relative permittivity information. For this purpose, this paper first derives the relative permittivity estimation model with measured RSSI information. Then, we pay attention to a particle filter algorithm with the TOA-based localization and the RSSI-based relative permittivity estimation. Our computer simulation results demonstrates that the proposed tracking methods with the particle filter can accomplish an excellent localization accuracy of around 2 mm without prior information of the relative permittivity of the human body tissues.
Flocculation Behavior of Cement Pastes Containing Clays and Fly Ash (2009)

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Solving the inverse problem in nonlinear acoustics by backpropagation of the received signal (1997)

The incentive for this work was to determine when and how the information in a nonlinear signal disappears when propagating. This may be done by backpropagating the evolution and comparing the back-traced signal with the original one. The Burgers equation is investigated for both the nondissipative and dissipative cases. For a nondissipative evolution the wave completely coincides with the original one when shocks have not formed, while only part of it coincides after shock formation. Although the wave no longer contains the original information, except for the original signals with all derivatives continuous, parts of the wave theoretically carry all the information. These parts grow smaller and smaller, and thus a problem lies in the numerical accuracy which sometimes causes several different signals conform, and in that way the wave in practice has lost information. A semi-analytical model has been developed which automatically determines the distance to be backpropagated for modulated waves and gives one or more alternatives for the original signal. This may be used as a signal processing tool. [Work supported by TFR, the Swedish Research Council for Engineering Sciences.]
Inhibitory Effects of 87 Species of Traditional Chinese Herbs on Nitric Oxide Production in RAW264.7 Macrophages, Activated with Lipopolysaccharide and Interferon-γ (2005)

In the current study, effects of 87 species of traditional Chinese herbs on nitric oxide (NO) production by a murine macrophage-like cell line, RAW 264.7, which was activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were investigated. NO production by macrophages preactivated with LPS and IFN-γ for 16 h was also inhibited by the 19 species. The inhibitory rate of the 19 species was more than 80%. Among these species, Adina rubella.Hance, Centipeda minima. (L.), and Gentiana loureirii. (G. Don) Griseb. exhibited strong inhibitory activity toward NO production, exhibiting IC50 values of 3, 7.34, and 13.5 µg/ml, respectively. However, Aristolochia kaempferi. Wild var. heterophylla, Stephania tetrandra. S. Moore, Ardisia japonica. (Hornsted) Blume, and Helicteres angustifolia. (L.) also affected the cell viability. These results suggest that Adina rubella., Centipeda minima., and Gentiana loureirii. have the pharmacological ability to suppress NO production by activated macrophages. The inhibitory mechanisms of NO production will need to be further studied in the future.