gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IDENTIFICATION OF A COMPLETE 160 μm FLUX-LIMITED SAMPLE OF INFRARED GALAXIES IN THE<i>ISO</i>LOCKMAN HOLE 1 deg<sup>2</sup>DEEP FIELDS: SOURCE PROPERTIES AND EVIDENCE FOR STRONG EVOLUTION IN THE FIR LUMINOSITY FUNCTION FOR ULIRGs (2011)

We have identified a complete, flux-limited (S 160>120 mJy) sample of 160 μm selected sources from Spitzer observations of the 1 deg2 Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) Deep Field region in the Lockman Hole (LH). Ground-based UV, optical, and near-infrared (NIR) photometry and optical spectroscopy have been used to determine colors, redshifts, and masses for the complete sample of 40 galaxies. Spitzer-IRAC+MIPS photometry, supplemented by ISOPHOT data at 90 μm and 170 μm, has been used to calculate accurate total infrared luminosities, L IR(8-1000 μm), and to determine the IR luminosity function (LF) of luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs). The maximum observed redshift is z ~ 0.80 and the maximum total infrared luminosity is log (L IR/L ) = 12.74. Over the luminosity range log (L IR/L ) = 10-12, the LF for LIRGs in the LH Deep Field is similar to that found previously for local sources at similar infrared luminosities. The mean host galaxy mass, log (M/M ) = 10.7, and dominance of H II-region spectral types, is also similar to what has been found for local LIRGs, suggesting that intense starbursts likely power the bulk of the infrared luminosity for sources in this range of L IR. However for the most luminous sources, log (L IR/L )>12.0, we find evidence for strong evolution in the LF (1 + z)6±1, assuming pure number density evolution. These ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) have a larger mean host mass, log (M/M ) = 11.0, and exhibit disturbed morphologies consistent with strong interactions/mergers, and they are also more likely to be characterized by starburst-active galactic nucleus (AGN) composite or AGN spectral types.
Detection of Physiological Levels of Hormonal Steroids Labelled with Organometallic Markers by FT-IR Spectroscopy (1985)

Hormonal steroids such as 17α-estradiol derivatives, labelled with organometallic moieties, have been tested as markers for hormone receptor assay. Among the organometallic labels used were: Cr(C0)3 and Cr(C0)2(CS), which can be attached to the A ring of the steroid, and Co2(C0)6 and Mo2(7-15-05H5)(C0)4, which can be bonded to acetylenic groups in the 1713-position of the five-membered ring of the steroid. The new analytical approach is based on the FT-IR detection of the υ(CO) modes of the organometallic markers. The present estradiol-receptor detection level for 10,000-20,000 scans at 4 cm-1 resolution is about 100 fM, i.e., in the neighbourhood of physiological levels.
The Action of Neuroleptic Drugs. (1965)

The title of this recent release is unfortunately misleading. There is here no real discussion of the pharmacology of the neuroleptic drugs and no reference to the extensive work of the past decade on their complex actions on the metabolism and function of the central and peripheral nervous system, liver, heart, and other organs. The major portion of this monograph (119 pages) consists of a restatement by the senior author of his concepts regarding the modus operandi and therapeutic use of the neuroleptic drugs in clinical psychiatry. One of the first investigators to work with reserpine, chlorpromazine, and related phenothiazines, Professor Haase has on several previous occasions indicated his view that the clinical efficacy of these drugs is intimately related to their extrapyramidal side effects, particularly the parkinsonian hypokinesia. He sees the latter as the motor expression of the decreased conation which he believes to represent the essential psychotherapeutic effect
Laser Velocimeter Measurements of Axial Velocity Field in the NASA Supersonic Fan Rotor (2001)

An analysis of laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) data for the axial velocity flowfield in the rotor of the Mach 2 inlet flow supersonic throughflow fan (SSTF) is presented in this paper. The paper starts with a short description of the SSTF test package to highlight the specifics of the SSTF operation. It is followed by a detailed description of a dedicated LDV system for measurement in a supersonic throughflow fan and the experience gained. Most of the experimental data presented were acquired in a low supersonic throughflow regime (inlet Mach number of 1.4). The results and conclusions presented are based mainly on the experimental data only. A limited amount of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) predictions were used for comparison with the experimental results. The CFD methods, however, are not discussed in this paper. As shown in this paper, a reasonably good agreement between the LDV data and the CFD predictions was found for the low supersonic throughflow regime. The design point data (inlet Mach number of 2.0) exhibited an unexpectedly high noise in the velocity data in comparison with the data for low supersonic throughflow operating conditions. For the off-design supersonic regime (shock in rotor), substantial differences exist between the experimental and computational data.
Maintaining the Redox-Balance Intact: Gosha-Jinki-Gan but Not Insulin Activates Retinal Soluble Guanylate Cyclase in Diabetic Rats (2005)

Strategies to prevent hyperglycemia-induced cytotoxic reactive oxygen species in the retina include the prevention of free radical production, activation of radical-scavenging capacities and inhibition of aldose reductase. This study examined the effect of the standardized Japanese herbal extract product gosha-jinki-gan (GJG) in comparison to insulin treatment in the rat retina. Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by single injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg i.p.). At 6 and 12 weeks, eye-cups were removed for immunohistochemistry. At 12 weeks, lipid peroxidation (tested with the antiacrolein antibody, Ab5F6) was enhanced significantly in the untreated diabetic group. This effect was absent in both treatment groups, notably in the outer retina. A similar result was obtained for nitrotyrosine overproduction. As an early treatment effect, GJG -- but not insulin -- enhanced soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) activation (using the function-sensing antibody, MoAb 3221). GJG not only reduces nitroxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in the retina, it also ameliorates glucose metabolism within the cells. We propose that the high glucose turnover in the insulin-treated model disturbs the intracellular redox equilibrium, one result of which might be the impaired sGC activation.
The synthesis of dodecahedrane and its monomethyl derivative / (1982)

This was produced fro m a copy o f a docum ent sent to us fo r m ic ro film in g .W hile the m ost advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this docum ent have been used, the q u ality is heavily dependent upon the q u a lity o f the m aterial subm itted.T h e fo llo w in g explanation o f techniques is provided to help you understand m arkings or notations which may appear on this rep ro du ction . 1 .T h e sign o r "ta rg e t" fo r pages app aren tly lacking fro m the docum ent photographed is "Missing Page(s)" .I f it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced in to the film along w ith adjacent pages.This may have necessitated c u ttin g through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure you o f com plete c o n tin u ity .2. W hen an image on the film is o b literated w ith a round black m ark it is an indicatio n th a t the film inspector noticed eith er blurred copy because o f m ovem ent during exposure, or duplicate cop y.Unless we m eant to delete copyrighted materials th a t should n o t have been film e d , you w ill fin d a good image o f the page in the adjacent fram e .I f copyrighted m aterials were deleted you will fin d a target note listing the pages in the adjacent fram e. 3. W hen a m ap, draw ing or chart, e tc., is p art o f the m aterial being p h o to graphed the photographer has fo llo w e d a d e fin ite m ethod in "sectioning" th e m aterial.It is custom ary to begin film in g at the upper le ft hand corner o f a large sheet and to con tin u e fro m le ft to rig h t in equal sections w ith small overlaps.I f necessary, sectioning is continued again-beginning below the firs t ro w and con tin u in g on u n til com plete.4. F o r any illustrations th a t can n o t be reproduced satisfactorily by xerography, photographic prints can be purchased at add itio n al cost and tipped in to y o u r xerographic copy.
Calcium Accumulation and Neuronal Damage in the Rat Hippocampus following Cerebral Ischemia (1987)

The present study was undertaken to correlate calcium accumulation with the development of neuronal necrosis following transient ischemia. After 10 min of forebrain ischemia in the rat--a period that leads to reproducible damage of CA1 pyramidal cells--determination of calcium concentration and evaluation of morphological signs of cell body necrosis in the dorsal hippocampus were performed at various recirculation times. Tissue calcium concentration was not different from control at the end of ischemic period and did not change after 3, 6, 12, or 24 h of recirculation. However, after 48 h, calcium content increased significantly, with a further increase being seen after 72 h. At early recovery periods, only scattered necrotic neurons were observed. After 48 h, only 2 of 12 hemispheres showed more than 25 necrotic cells per section. More conspicuous neuronal death was observed after 72 h. The results thus demonstrate that net accumulation of calcium in regio superior of the hippocampus precedes marked necrosis of CA1 pyramidal cells. The results suggest that one primary event in the delayed death of these cells is membrane dysfunction with increased calcium cycling.
Antiviral activity of four types of bioflavonoid against dengue virus type-2 (2011)

Results from the study suggest that only quercetin demonstrated significant anti-DENV-2 inhibitory activities. Other bioflavonoids, including daidzein, naringin and hesperetin showed minimal to no significant inhibition of DENV-2 virus replication. These findings, together with those previously reported suggest that select group of bioflavonoids including quercetin and fisetin, exhibited significant inhibitory activities against dengue virus. This group of flavonoids, flavonol, could be investigated further to discover the common mechanisms of inhibition of dengue virus replication.
Synthesis and Phosphorylating Properties of Hydroxyamino Acid Phosphoramidites (1992)

The preparation of N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-O-[(benzyloxy)(diisopropylamino)phosphino]serine [-threonine, -tyrosine and -hydroxyproline] benzyl esters using the versatile phosphitylating reagent benzyl N,N,N′,N′-tetraisopropylphosphorodiamidite [benzyloxybis(diisopropylamino)phosphine] is described. The application of the benzyl (hydroxyamino acid) phosphoramidites is illustrated in the synthesis of several phosphate diesters.
Development of <scp>PCR</scp> internal controls for <scp>DNA</scp> profiling with the <scp>A</scp>mp<scp>F</scp>ℓ<scp>STR</scp>® <scp>SGM P</scp>lus® amplification kit (2012)

Forensic DNA profiling uses a series of commercial kits that co-amplify several loci in one reaction; the products of the PCR are fluorescently labelled and analysed using CE. Before CE, an aliquot of the PCR is mixed with formamide and an internal lane size standard. Using the SGM Plus amplification kit, we have developed two internal non-amplified controls of 80 bp and 380 bp that are labelled with ROX fluorescent dye and added to the PCR. Combined with two internal amplification controls of 90 bp and 410 bp, they provide additional controls for the PCR, electrokinetic injection, and CE and also function as an internal size standard.
Biomechanical finite-element investigation of the position of the centre of resistance of the upper incisors (2007)

The position of the centre of resistance (CR) is an essential parameter regarding the planning of orthodontic tooth movements. In the present investigation, the combined CR of the upper four incisors was determined numerically using the finite-element (FE) method. Based on a commercially available three-dimensional data set of a maxilla, including all 16 teeth, as well as known and earlier determined material parameters, FE models of the upper incisors and their surrounding tooth-supporting structures were generated. In the FE system, the model of the anterior segment was loaded with torques of 10 Nmm each at the lateral incisors. The FE model indicated that the individual incisors moved independently, although they were blocked with a steel wire of dimension 0.46 x 0.65 mm(2). The individual CRs were located at 5 mm distal and 9 and 12 mm apical to the centre of the lateral brackets. Thus, the classical view of a combined CR for the anterior segment was disproved and the planning of orthodontic tooth movements of the upper incisors should no longer be based on that concept.
The stimulator of soluble guanylate cyclase riociguat protects against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice (2011)

Background: Effective therapies for pulmonary fibrosis (PF) are currently lacking. Patients with PF develop pulmonary hypertension (PH), in part due to impaired production of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) that activates soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC). We hypothesized that the NO-independent stimulation of sGC might attenuate PF. Methods: Male C57/BL6 mice (10-12 wks) were subjected to intratracheal bleomycin (0.5 U/kg) and gavage-feeding with the sGC stimulator riociguat (1, 3 or 10 mg/kg/day), the phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor sildenafil (100 mg/kg/day), a combination of riociguat (1 mg/kg/day) and sildenafil (100 mg/kg/day), or vehicle alone for two weeks. Results: Bleomycin-induced PH (an increase in the right ventricle systolic pressure and a decrease in the pulmonary acceleration time/ejection time ratio) and the right ventricular hypertrophy were attenuated by riociguat and the combination of riociguat and sildenafil to a greater extent than by sildenafil alone. In the vehicle-treated mice, fibrosis and inflammation diffusely involved lung parenchyma. Riociguat and its combination with sildenafil but not sildenafil alone markedly ameliorated PF and inflammation that was mainly confined to subpleural areas and/or peripheral lung in a patchy distribution. Riociguat increased plasma cGMP levels and also reduced mortality. Conclusions: Pharmacological stimulation of sGC with riociguat attenuates PF, PH, right ventricular hypertrophy and mortality in the bleomycin-exposed mice. This therapeutic approach appears to be superior to treatment with sildenafil. Stimulation of sGC might represent a new modality for treating PF and related conditions.
Hurricane wind fields needed to assess risk to offshore wind farms (2012)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
3D Strain mapping of superficial collateral ligament (2014)

It is nowadays widely recognized that patient satisfaction following knee arthroplasty strongly depends on ligament balancing. To obtain this balancing, the occurring ligament strain is assumed to play a crucial role. To measure this strain, a method is described in this paper that allows full field 3D evaluation of the strains. The latter is preferred over traditional measurement techniques, e.g. displacement transducers or strain gauges, as human soft tissue is not expected to deform uniformly due to its highly inhomogeneous and anisotropic properties. To facilitate full field strain measurements, the 3D digital image correlation (DIC) technique was adopted. This technique was previously validated by our research group on human tissue. First, a high contrast speckle pattern was applied on the sMCL. Therefore, the specimens are first coated with a small layer of methylene blue. Following, a random white speckle pattern is applied. During knee flexion, two cameras simultaneously take pictures of the deforming region at predefined flexion angles. Using dedicated software, the captured images are eventually combined and result in 3D full field strains and displacements. Using this method, the strain distribution was studied in six cadaveric knees during flexion extension movement. Therefore, the femur was rigidly fixed in a custom test rig. The tibia was left unconstrained, allowing the six degrees of freedom in the knee. A load was applied to all major muscles in physiological directions of each muscle by attaching a series of calibrated weights (Farahmand et al., J Orthop Res., 1998;16(1)). The direction of the pulling cables was controlled using a digital inclinometer for each specimen. As a result, a statically balanced muscle loading of the knee was obtained. From these cadaveric experiments, it is observed that on average the sMCL behaves isometrically between 0° and 90° of flexion. However, high regional differences in strain distribution are observed from the full field measurements. The proximal region of the sMCL experiences relatively high strains upon flexion. These strains are positive (tension) in the anterior part and negative (compression) in the posterior region. In contrast, the distal region remains approximately isometric upon knee flexion (see Figure 1). It is accordingly concluded that the sMCL behaves isometric, though large regional differences are observed. The proximal region experiences higher strains. Furthermore, the DIC technique provided valuable insights in the deformation of the sMCL. This technique will therefore be applied to study the impact of knee arthroplasty in the near future. Caption with figure 1: Full field strain distribution in the sMCL9s longitudinal direction for specimen in 45° (a) and 90° (b) of knee flexion
Forced Hepatic Overexpression of CEACAM1 Curtails Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance (2015)

Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) regulates insulin sensitivity by promoting hepatic insulin clearance. Liver-specific inactivation or global null-mutation of Ceacam1 impairs hepatic insulin extraction to cause chronic hyperinsulinemia, resulting in insulin resistance and visceral obesity. In this study we investigated whether diet-induced insulin resistance implicates changes in hepatic CEACAM1. We report that feeding C57/BL6J mice a high-fat diet reduced hepatic CEACAM1 levels by >50% beginning at 21 days, causing hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and elevation in hepatic triacylglycerol content. Conversely, liver-specific inducible CEACAM1 expression prevented hyperinsulinemia and markedly limited insulin resistance and hepatic lipid accumulation that were induced by prolonged high-fat intake. This was partly mediated by increased hepatic β-fatty acid oxidation and energy expenditure. The data demonstrate that the high-fat diet reduced hepatic CEACAM1 expression and that overexpressing CEACAM1 in liver curtailed diet-induced metabolic abnormalities by protecting hepatic insulin clearance.
Physics Based Simulation of Large Size Particle Transport in Biomedical Applications (2012)

In biomedical microdevices and medical applications there is a need to analyze fluid transport of solid structures with sizes comparable to channel dimensions. Examples include manipulation of biological cells in microfluidic devices or transport of thrombin particles in blood vessels. Computational modeling of such macroparticles is very difficult when the particle size is bigger than the size of the computational control volume (mesh element). In performing such simulations, conventional Lagrangian model of micro particles is not suitable since this approach doesn’t account particle’s volume blockage of the supporting Eulerian computational mesh. Other approaches such as deforming mesh or volume of fluid are either impractical of computationally very intensive or limited to structured meshes. We have developed a ‘macroparticle’ methodology where the large particle is represented as a large cluster of smaller particles (marker particles) that is “embedded” on a background computational grid. The macroparticle is then represented by blocking the cells in the background mesh that are overlapped by individual micro-particles. The discrete surface of the macroparticle is represented by partially or fully blocked cells of the background computational mesh. The translation /rotation/deformation motion of the macroparticle is calculated using a 6-DOF model with fluid pressure and shear forces acting on the particle surface used as forces and moments in calculating macroparticle position, velocity, acceleration and rotation. The size of the background grid determines the accuracy of the particle shape definition and the flow solution. The relevant physics and chemical conservation laws for each macroparticle are solved in a coupled, iterative method with the equation systems governing the background fluid domain. This methodology has been successfully used for simulations of macroparticle-laden fluids in micro channels in biochips. As an application of this novel method, we have applied this technology to simulate a moving clot in blood flow and process of clot mechanical dissolution (thrombolysis).
Flow Cytometry Analysis of Changes in the DNA Content of the Polychlorinated Biphenyl Degrader <i>Comamonas testosteroni</i> TK102: Effect of Metabolites on Cell-Cell Separation (2002)

Flow cytometry was used to monitor changes in the DNA content of the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-degrading bacterium Comamonas testosteroni TK102 during growth in the presence or absence of PCBs. In culture medium without PCBs, the majority of stationary-phase cells contained a single chromosome. In the presence of PCBs, the percentage of cells containing two chromosomes increased from 12% to approximately 50%. In contrast, addition of PCBs did not change the DNA contents of three species that are unable to degrade PCBs. In addition, highly chlorinated PCBs that are not degraded by TK102 did not result in a change in the DNA content. These results suggest that PCBs did not affect the DNA content of the cells directly; rather, the intermediate metabolites resulting from the degradation of PCBs caused the increase in DNA content. To study the effect of intermediate metabolites on the DNA content of the cells, four bph genes, bphA1, bphB, bphC, and bphD, were disrupted by gene replacement. The resulting mutant strains accumulated intermediate metabolites when they were grown in the presence of PCBs or biphenyl (BP). When the bphB gene was disrupted, the percentage of cells containing two chromosomes increased in cultures grown with PCBs or BP. When grown with BP, cultures of this mutant accumulated two intermediate metabolites, 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-OHBP) and 3-OHBP. Addition of 2- or 3-OHBP to a wild-type TK102 and non-PCB-degrading species culture also resulted in an increase in the percentage of cells containing two chromosomes. Electron microscopy revealed that cell-cell separation was inhibited in this culture. This is the first report that hydroxy-BPs can inhibit bacterial cell separation while allowing continued DNA replication.
The Highway Career Plan in Michigan (1953)

The Michigan State Highway Department has since 1949 carried on an