gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and enzymatic degradation of 2‐methylene‐1,3‐dioxepane and methyl acrylate copolymers (2003)

Abstract Copolymers of 2‐methylene‐1,3‐dioxepane (MDO) and methyl acrylate (MA) containing ester units both in the backbone and as pendant groups were synthesized by free‐radical copolymerization. The influence of reaction conditions such as the polymerization time, temperature, initiator concentration, and comonomer feed ratio on the yield, molecular weight, and copolymer composition was investigated. The structure of the copolymers was confirmed by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and IR spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated that the copolymers had a random structure. An NMR study showed that hydrogen transfer occurred during the copolymerization. The reactivity ratios of the comonomers were r MDO = 0.0235 and r MA = 26.535. The enzymatic degradation of the copolymers obtained was carried out in the presence of proteinase K or a crude enzyme extracted from earthworms. The experimental results showed that the higher ester molar percentage in the backbone caused a faster degradation rate. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 2898–2904, 2003
Investigation of diffusion of rejuvenator in aged asphalt (2016)

Recycling asphalt pavement creates a cycle of reusing materials that optimize the use of natural resources. For optimal rejuvenation of the aged binder, the diffusion rate of the rejuvenator should be considered. However, the diffusion mechanism between the rejuvenator and aged asphalt is still far from understood. In this study, two experimental methods were conducted to research the diffusion of rejuvenator in aged asphalt. The two asphalt binders were identical in terms of asphalt A7 (60/80 pen) and asphalt A11 (100/120 pen) and two rejuvenators were identical in terms of RA (containing 90% alkyl aromatic oil and 10% saturate oil), and RS (containing 10% alkyl aromatic oil and 90% saturate oil). Experimental results indicated that two experimental methods are also an effective means to research the diffusion of rejuvenator in asphalt in spite of a slight difference. The effect of temperature on the diffusion coefficient is large and the effect of layer thickness of the rejuvenator on diffusion coefficient is obviously not. The rejuvenator RA has a high diffusion rate in asphalt over a wide range of temperatures. In addition, the diffusion coefficient of rejuvenator in asphalt A11 is larger than that in asphalt A7. The test data suggested that the use of rejuvenator with high diffusion is a viable option for recycling old asphalt mixture.
The Advantages and Prospects of Liquefied Natural Gas (LGN) (2015)

As the usage of LNG (liquefied natural gas) continues to grow, the natural gas value remains high, large capacities of LNG plants which lead to lower cost per unit of LNG produced avail the LNG projects under construction or in plan. The refrigeration and liquefaction process is the key element of LNG project and it can consume about 35% of the capital expenditure and up to 50% of the subsequent operating cost. Technology advances have lowered the cost for liquefaction and regasifying, shipping and storing LNG. This report presents the main technologies available for natural gas liquefaction based on onshore and base-load cases. An overview of LNG processes including the refrigeration theory and pretreatment process involved is explained as well in details. Parameters between alternative technologies for the operating units are compared for economically choosing process routines. All existing LNG plants are located on-shore, reasons for potential development reasons for offshore plants are also discussed in this report.
Survey of Afterbody Aeroheating Flight Data for Planetary Probe Thermal Protection System Design (2005)

The most commonly stated reason for the large uncertainties typically applied to afterbody aeroheating predictions of planetary entry probes is a lack of suitable flight data for code validation. Therefore, the current paper reviews and chronologically summarizes all readily available sources of afterbody flight data for Earth and planetary entries. These sources include Earth entry afterbody aeroheating and pressure data from the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo programs, the Reentry F flight vehicle, and the European ARD and MIRKA flights. Limited data from Mars (Viking and Pathfinder) and Jupiter (Galileo) entries also exist. The fidelity and limitations of these data are discussed. Published attempts (if any) to computationally simulate these flight data are summarized. Finally, recommendations are given for additional analysis and data that would reduce current uncertainty levels in our ability to accurately predict base heating levels.
Influence of Temperature and Leaf Wetness Period on Conidial Germination In Vitro and Infection of<i>Cercospora kikuchii</i>on Soybean (1991)

In vitro germination of conidia of Cercospora kikuchii was influenced by relative humidity. At 100% RH, 100% of the conidia germinated at all temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, 35 C). No germination was observed below 92% RH. The temperature range tested did not alter the germination. The second fully developed trifoliate leaf of soybean (cv. Amsoy 71) was inoculated with a conidial suspension of C. kikuchii and then subjected to various temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30 C) and leaf wetness durations (18, 24, 30, 36 h). Disease severity was assessed 28 days later (...)
Elevated‐Temperature Fracture Resistance of a Sintered α‐Silicon Carbide (1989)

The fracture toughness of a dense, sintered commercial α‐silicon carbide was determined for temperatures from 20° to 1400°C using both straight‐ and chevron‐notched test specimens and also controlled‐surface‐microflaw specimens, all in three‐point bending. The flexural strengths were also measured for the same range of temperatures and the trend is compared with that of the toughness. Measurements from this study are discussed and also compared with other results in the literature. Analysis reveals the importance of contrasting sharp crack and blunt crack techniques and also the need for addressing the microhardness indentation method separately. It is concluded that the fracture toughness of this silicon carbide is about 3 MPa · m½ and that the crack growth resistance is characterized by a flat R ‐curve behavior, both of which are independent of temperature from 20° to 1400°C.
La expulsión de los penados en el Código Penal de 2015 (2015)

En este trabajo analizamos la reforma llevada a cabo por el legislador en el Codigo Penal de 2015 en materia de la suspension de la pena por la expulsion a los extranjeros a cambio de repatriarse a su pais de origen, profundizando en los requisitos necesarios para poder ejecutar la misma, asi como en aquellos aspectos importantes vinculados a la expulsion, tales como el arraigo y el internamiento de los extranjeros.
Multi-view 6D Object Pose Estimation and Camera Motion Planning Using RGBD Images (2017)

Recovering object pose in a crowd is a challenging task due to severe occlusions and clutters. In active scenario, whenever an observer fails to recover the poses of objects from the current view point, the observer is able to determine the next view position and captures a new scene from another view point to improve the knowledge of the environment, which may reduce the 6D pose estimation uncertainty. We propose a complete active multi-view framework to recognize 6DOF pose of multiple object instances in a crowded scene. We include several components in active vision setting to increase the accuracy: Hypothesis accumulation and verification combines single-shot based hypotheses estimatedfrom previous views and extract the most likely set of hypotheses; an entropy-based Next-Best-View prediction generates next camera position to capture new data to increase the performance; camera motion planning plans the trajectory of the camera based on the view entropy and the cost of movement. Different approaches for each component are implemented and evaluated to show the increase in performance.
Impaired inflammatory angiogenesis, but not leukocyte influx, in mice lacking TNFR1 (2005)

The majority of biological responses classically attributed to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is mediated by p55 receptor (TNFR1). Here, we aimed to clarify the biological role of TNFR1-mediated signals in an in vivo inflammatory angiogenesis model. Polyester-polyurethane sponges, used as a framework for tissue growth, were implanted in C57Bl/6 mice. These implants were collected at days 1, 7, and 14 post-implant for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or at days 7 and 14 for hemoglobin, myeloperoxidase, and N-acetylglucosaminidase measurements, used as indexes for angiogenesis, neutrophil, and macrophage accumulation, respectively. In TNFR1-deficient C57Bl/6 mice, there was a significant decrease in sponge vascularization but not in late inflammatory cell influx. It is interesting that levels of vascular endothelial growth factor were significantly lower in TNFR1-deficient than in wild-type mice at days 1 and 7. Levels of angiogenic chemokines, CC chemokine ligand 2/murine homologue of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and CXC chemokine ligand 1-3/keratinocyte-derived chemokine, were significantly lower in TNFR1-deficient mice at days 1 and 7 after implantation, respectively. These observations suggest that TNFR1-mediated signals have a critical role in sponge-induced angiogenesis, possibly by influencing the effector state of inflammatory cells and hence, modulating the angiogenic molecular network.
A Measuring System for Well Logging Attitude and a Method of Sensor Calibration (2014)

This paper proposes an approach for measuring the azimuth angle and tilt angle of underground drilling tools with a MEMS three-axis accelerometer and a three-axis fluxgate sensor. A mathematical model of well logging attitude angle is deduced based on combining space coordinate transformations and algebraic equations. In addition, a system implementation plan of the inclinometer is given in this paper, which features low cost, small volume and integration. Aiming at the sensor and assembly errors, this paper analyses the sources of errors, and establishes two mathematical models of errors and calculates related parameters to achieve sensor calibration. The results show that this scheme can obtain a stable and high precision azimuth angle and tilt angle of drilling tools, with the deviation of the former less than ±1.4° and the deviation of the latter less than ±0.1°.
A mobile GIS application for crop mapping development and evaluation (2004)

Date: GIPSY rapport 2004-9, version 2.0 Authors: Alfred Wagtendonk, Nils de Reus, Ron van Lammeren, Mathilde Molendijk Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Spatial Information Laboratory (SPINlab) In cooperation with Synoptics Remote Sensing & GIS Applications bv Project: 3e projectenronde ICT-Onderwijsteams (ICT 2002/3): “Wireless learning voor geo-informatie”. SURFtender 2001 ICT en Onderwijs, “GIPSY”.
EXPATS IN CHINA (2011)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTEXPATS IN CHINAINTERNATIONAL ASSIGNMENTS are returning, but with far fewer perksLINDA WANGView Author Information C&EN WASHINGTONCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2011, 89, 30, 49–50Publication Date (Print):July 25, 2011Publication History Published online9 March 2012Published inissue 25 July 2011https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v089n030.p049https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v089n030.p049newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views24Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A study of representativeness of subjects in clinical trials of antidepressants in China (2015)

Objective
To investigate the representativeness of patients participating in clinical trials of antidepressants in China, and explore factors that affect the representativeness of sample.


Methods
Outpatients or inpatients with major depressive disorder(MDD)who came to depression treatment center of Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University seeking for treatment were consecutively screened. The MINI-International Neuropsychiatric Interview and the HAMD17were used for diagnostic assessment and severity evaluating. A questionnaire was designed to investigate patients' willingness to participate in drug clinical trials. Common exclusion criteria used in clinical trials of antidepressants were applied to screen MDD patients to determin the proportion of patients who would be eligible for a clinical trial.


Results
302 patients were consecutively screened and 50 of them rejected our interview. Data were collected from 252 patients, whose mean age was (40.5±13.1) years when being screened, including 173 female and 79 male, 203 outpatients and 49 inpatients. 57.5% (145/252)of the patients had no willing to participate in clinical trials, and 73.8% (186/252) were excluded by at least one exclusion. There were only 35(13.9%, 35/252) patients who were finally eligible to participate in clinical trials.


Conclusions
Subjects participated in antidepressant trials represent a minority of patients with MDD in clinical practice. Exclusion criteria and patients' willingness to participate in a drug clinical trial are two main factors affecting the representativeness of sample.


Key words: 
Antidepressive agents; Clinical trial; Representativeness of sample; Generalizability
Diorganotin(IV) complexes of indole 3‐acetic acid (1993)

Abstract Alkyl derivatives of indole 3‐acetic acid (IAA) have been prepared and are suitable for investigating steric substituent effects on hormonal activity without major interference from electronic effects. Triorganotin(IV) derivatives of indole 3‐acetic acid and N ‐methylindole 3‐acetic acid have been reported to act as insecticidal, fungicidal and bactericidal agents. Me 3 SnIAA is more active as a biocide than Cy 3 SnIAA. The activity of these two compounds may be due to the fact that four‐coordinated tin monomers or five‐coordinated tin polymers are often more active than chelated five‐coordinated tin species because these readily undergo hydrolysis to give R 3 Sn(H 2 O + ) 2 species. The ligand affects the rate of formation of the ligand‐free active organotin entity. Biocidal activity is expected from diorganotin(IV) pentacoordinated complexes of indole 3‐acetic acid in the present case due to (i) the activity of pentacoordinated organotin species, (ii) the presence of an—NH moiety in the complexes, which is an active site for binding. The NH moiety may be deprotonated and nitrogen may coordinate with metal ions present in the physiological systems and thus destroy the activity of enzymes.
Adding Linguistic Knowledge to a Lexical Example-Based Translation System (1999)

Example-Based Machine Translation (EBMT) using partial exact matching against a database of translation examples has proven quite successful, but requires a large amount of pre-translated text in order to achieve broad coverage of unrestricted text. By adding linguistically tagged entries to the example base and permitting recursive matches that replace the matched text with the associated tag, substantial reductions in the required amount of pre-translated text can be achieved. A modest investment of time- on the order of two person-weeks- adding linguistic knowledge reduces the required example text by a factor of six or more, while retaining comparable translation quality. This reduction makes EBMT more attractive for so-called &amp;quot;low-density &amp;quot; languages for which little data is available. 1
Association of a group I intron with its splice junction in 50S ribosomes: implications for intron toxicity. (1997)

The effect of genetic context on splicing of group I introns is not well understood at present. The influence of ribosomal RNA conformation on splicing of rDNA introns in vivo was investigated using a heterologous system in which the Tetrahymena group I intron is inserted into the homologous position of the Escherichia coli 23S rRNA. Mutations that block splicing in E. coli result in accumulation of unspliced 23S rRNA that is assembled into 50S complexes, but not 70S ribosomes. The data indicate that accommodation of the intron structure on the surface of the 50S subunit inhibits interactions with the small ribosomal subunit. Spliced intron RNA also remains noncovalently bound to 50S subunits on sucrose gradients. This interaction appears to be mediated by base pairing between the intron guide sequence and the 23S rRNA, because the fraction of bound intron RNA is reduced by point mutations in the IGS or deletion of the P1 helix. Association of the intron with 50S subunits correlates with slow cell growth. The results suggest that group I introns have the potential to inhibit protein synthesis in prokaryotes by direct interactions with ribosomes.
Simplification of Nested Radicals (1992)

Radical simplification is an important part of symbolic computation systems. Until now no algorithms were known for the general denesting problem. If the base field contains all roots of unity, then necessary and sufficient conditions for a denesting are given, and the algorithm computes a denesting of $\alpha $ when it exists. If the base field does not contain all roots of unity, then it is shown how to compute a denesting that is within one of optimal over the base field adjoining a single root of unity. Throughout this paper, a primitive lth root of unity is respresented by its symbol $\zeta_l $, rather than as a nested radical. The algorithms require computing the splitting field of the minimal polynomial of $\alpha $ over k, and have exponential running time.
A noninvasive method to collect nasally exhaled air condensate in humans of all ages (2001)

The method described is generally applicable, comfortable, noninvasive, safe and efficient and allows the collection of nasally exhaled air condensate for the evaluation of metabolic processes of the lungs.
Photovoltaic Properties of Cu2S–CdS Heterojunctions (1970)

The photovoltaic properties of Cu2S–CdS heterojunctions have been compared before and after short heat treatment, using measured I-V characteristics, junction capacitance, and spectral response. After heat treatment slow transients in the photoresponse and effects of secondary illumination were investigated. Optical quenching of the photocurrent was observed in two ir bands corresponding to transitions at 0.8 and 1.1 eV, and enhancement of the photocurrent was seen for hv&gt;1.5 eV. Long persistence of the enhancement effect was observed, which thermally quenched with an activation energy of 0.95 eV. A model for the heterojunction is proposed in which hole trapping in deep imperfection centers in the CdS near the junction is the key mechanism. A conduction band spike is assumed to exist at the Cu2S–CdS interface. The transparency of this spike to photoexcited electrons diffusing from the Cu2S is modulated by variations in the CdS depletion width caused by the deep trapping.
Wilde Stein speaks to senate (2005)

After a few weeks of problems and debates, the University of Maine Student Government has been relatively quiet. They have begun to grow accustom to their new leaders and members.
Impact of Probiotics on Colonizing Microbiota of the Gut (2011)

Although precise mechanisms responsible for all demonstrations of probiotic health benefits are not known, many lines of evidence suggest that probiotics function through direct or indirect impact on colonizing microbiota of the gut. Probiotics can directly influence colonizing microbes through multiple mechanisms, including the production of inhibitory compounds (bacteriocins, short chain fatty acids, and others), by producing substrates that might promote the growth of colonizing microbes (secreted exopolysaccharides, vitamins, fatty acids, sugars from undigested carbohydrates and others), and by promoting immune responses against specific microbes. Indirectly, probiotics can influence colonizing microbes by inhibiting attachment through stimulated mucin production, reinforcing gut barrier effects, and downregulation of gut inflammation, thereby promoting microbes that are associated with a healthier gut physiology. Although the value of targeted changes in populations of gut bacteria is a matter of debate, increased levels of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the gut correlate with numerous health endpoints. Microbiota changes due to probiotic intake include increased numbers of related phylotypes, decreasing pathogens and their toxins, altering bacterial community structure to enhance evenness, stabilizing bacterial communities when perturbed (eg, with antibiotics), or promoting a more rapid recovery from a perturbation. Further research will provide insight into the degree of permanence of probiotic-induced changes, although research to date suggests that continued probiotic consumption is needed for sustained impact.
Ligand-Bound <i>S</i> = <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> FeMo-Cofactor of Nitrogenase: Hyperfine Interaction Analysis and Implication for the Central Ligand X Identity (2008)

Broken symmetry density functional theory (BS-DFT) has been used to address the hyperfine parameters of the single atom ligand X, proposed to be coordinated by six iron ions in the center of the paramagnetic FeMo-cofactor (FeMoco) of nitrogenase. Using the X = N alternative, we recently found that any hyperfine signal from X would be small (calculated A(iso)(X = (14)N) = 0.3 MHz) due to both structural and electronic symmetry properties of the [Mo-7Fe-9S- X] FeMoco core in its resting S = 3/2 state. Here, we extend our BS-DFT approach to the 2e(-) reduced S = 1/2 FeMoco state. Alternative substrates coordinated to this FeMoco state effectively perturb the electronic and/or structural symmetry properties of the cofactor. Using an example of an allyl alcohol (H2C=CH-CH2-OH) product ligand, we consider three different binding modes at single iron site and three different BS-DFT spin state structures and show that this binding would enhance the key hyperfine signal A(iso)(X) by at least 1 order of magnitude (3.8 < or = A(iso)(X = (14)N) < or = 14.7 MHz), and this result should not depend strongly on the exact identity of X (nitrogen, carbon, or oxygen). The interstitial atom, when the nucleus has a nonzero magnetic moment, should therefore be observable by ESR methods for some ligand-bound FeMoco states. In addition, our results illustrate structural details and likely spin-coupling patterns for models for early intermediates in the catalytic cycle.
Once More: What Is a Word? (1980)

In recent issues of Word Ways, Dmitri Borgmann and Richard Lederer struggled with the age-old linguistic question "What is a word?" without coming to any very satisfactory conclusions. In fact, both authors convinced me what a word is not: a collection of letters strung together (with or without spaces), or simply a collection of morphemes. This note attempts to shed a little further light on the problem.