gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Notes - The Synthesis of Possible Neuromuscular Blocking Agents Related to Succinylcholine (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes - The Synthesis of Possible Neuromuscular Blocking Agents Related to SuccinylcholineKenneth Mecklenborg and Milton OrchinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 12, 2023–2025Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1958Publication History Published online11 June 2003Published inissue 1 December 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01106a626https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01106a626research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views132Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Osteoporosis. Frequency, consequences, and risk factors (1996)

More than half of all women and about one third of men will experience osteoporotic fractures during their lives. Although no symptoms occur prior to fracture, bone mineral density and other risk factors can be used to identify high-risk patients, and because effective interventions exist, many of these fractures are now preventable. The proportion of people who are affected, the mortality and morbidity resulting from osteoporotic fractures, and the major known risk factors are discussed. Greater attention should be given to measuring bone mineral density and identifying other risk factors to quantitate the degree of fracture risk among patients (with or without a history of previous fractures), because the consequences of fractures often are severe, and no symptoms other than fractures are associated with disease progression.
Peter McGregor Remembered 1947-2008 (2008)

Media teacher and activist Peter McGregor, who was popular for his involved teaching methods and discussions, is remembered. He laid emphasis on a practical acquisition of knowledge rather than from rigidly structured curricula, and initiated democratic and co-operative learning processes.
Efficacy of Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide-diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine in US children aged 18-59 months. Haemophilus Influenzae Vaccine Efficacy Study Group. (1991)

Vaccines prepared from the polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) capsule of Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib) have not consistently shown good efficacy in protecting children aged over 18 months from invasive Hib disease. To evaluate the efficacy of conjugate-PRP vaccines in this age-group, and to compare their effect with that of PRP vaccines, a post-marketing case-control study was conducted among 10,400,000 persons. Between Oct 1, 1988, and Feb 28, 1990, 75 patients with Hib disease and 161 control children between 18 and 60 months of age were enrolled. To minimise potentially confounding socioeconomic variables, controls were selected either from among patients' classmates at their day-care centre or from among family acquaintances. 9 of the 75 patients had received the diphtheria toxoid conjugate Hib vaccine more than 2 weeks before onset of illness. After adjusting for age and household crowding, the efficacy of PRP Hib vaccine was 64% (95% Cl = -20,89) and efficacy of the diphtheria toxoid conjugate Hib vaccine was 74% (95% Cl = 30,90). The study shows that the protective efficacy of this conjugate vaccine is less than ideal and highlights the need for additional post-licensing studies to confirm and expand understanding of the efficacy of these new products.
Substrate Binding by Adenosine Deaminase (1967)

Takadiastase adenosine deaminase, purified of phosphoesterase contaminants, is found to catalyze deamination of free adenine, adenine nucleotides and oligonucleotides, and a variety of substituted adenosine and deoxyadenosine derivatives. 3‘- and 5‘-Adenosine monophosphates are bound only as monoanions. Activity on adenylic acid oligonucleotides decreases with increasing chain length, becoming negligible in long polymers. The Km for adenosine (but notVmax) varies with pH, indicating the presence of prototropic equilibria in both free substrate and free enzyme. In the pH range from 3 to 9.5, a single enzyme ionization (apparent pKa 8.9) is indicated as important for substrate binding. The enzyme resists inactivation by many reagents for ionizable side chains of amino acids, but is uniquely sensitive to inhibition by mercuric ion and several organic mercurials. Mercurial inhibition is reversible and strictly competitive with a variety of purine substrates and analogues, and is not the result of direct interaction of inhibitor with substrate. Involvement of sulfhydryl groups in binding of mercurials is indicated by spectrophotometric detection of mercaptide formation between p-mercuribenzoate and enzyme, which indicates a binding affinity in agreement with that determined from the kinetics of inhibition. Competitive inhibition by mercurials is also observed for adenosine deaminase from calf intestinal mucosa and cytidine deaminase from Escherichia coli.
The Three-dimensional Structure of the C-terminal DNA-binding Domain of Human Ku70 (2001)

The proteins Ku70 (69.8 kDa) and Ku80 (82.7 kDa) form a heterodimeric complex that is an essential component of the nonhomologous end joining DNA double-strand break repair pathway in mammalian cells. Interaction of Ku with DNA is central for the functions of Ku. Ku70, which is mainly responsible for the DNA binding activity of the Ku heterodimer, contains two DNA-binding domains. We have solved the solution structure of the Ku80-independent DNA-binding domain of Ku70 encompassing residues 536-609 using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Residues 536-560 are highly flexible and have a random structure but form specific interactions with DNA. Residues 561-609 of Ku70 form a well defined structure with 3 alpha-helices and also interact with DNA. The three-dimensional structure indicates that all conserved hydrophobic residues are in the hydrophobic core and therefore may be important for structural integrity. Most of the conserved positively charged residues are likely to be critical for DNA recognition. The C-terminal DNA-binding domain of Ku70 contains a helix-extended strand-helix motif, which occurs in other nucleic acid-binding proteins and may represent a common nucleic acid binding motif.
Octakis(alkylthio)-substituted phthalocyanines and their interactions with silver(<scp>I</scp>) and palladium(<scp>II</scp>) ions (1994)

Metal-free phthalocyanines and metal phthalocyaninates (M = Ni, Cu, Co or Zn) carrying eight alkylthio-groups on peripheral positions have been synthesised from 4,5-bis(alkylthio)phthalonitrile and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (dbu) or the corresponding anhydrous metal salt [NiCl2, CuCl, CoCl2 or Zn(O2CMe)2]. The resulting compounds reacted with silver(I) or palladium(II) salts to form complexes with a phthalocyanine:metal ratio of 1 : 4. Spectrophotochemical investigation of these reactions revealed that complexation with AgI results in aggregation, while the addition of PdII destroys the aggregation and yields a new Q band at 720 nm.
Clinicopathological Significance of microRNA-31, -143 and -145 Expression in Colorectal Cancer (2009)

We are just beginning to understand how microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in tumor-related processes in humans. Applying real-time RT-PCR, we investigated the miR-31, miR-143 and miR-145 expression in 98 primary CRC specimens, along with the corresponding normal mucosa specimens, and analyze the relationship of their expression with clinicopathological features. Our results showed the miR-31 expression was up-regulated in CRC compared to normal mucosa ( p = 0.001). Furthermore, miR-31 expression was positively related to advanced TNM stage ( p = 0.026) and deeper invasion of tumors ( p = 0.024). MiR-145 was down-regulated in both colon ( p = 0.001) and rectal ( p = 0.012) cancer. MiR-143 was only down-regulated in colon cancer ( p = 0.023) but not in rectal cancer ( p = 0.351). There was no relationship of miR-143 and miR-145 expression with other clinicopathological features ( p > 0.05), except that the miR-145 expression was related to cancer site ( p = 0.03). In conclusion, the miR-31 overexpression may be involved in the development and progression of CRC. The miR-143 and miR-145 may play a certain role in the development of colon and/or rectal cancers but not in progression of the disease.
Alzheimer’s Disease Research: A Game of Connect the Dots (1997)

Although a vast number of experimental investigations have focused on various aspects of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the pathogenic mechanism of the disease has not been established. AD research is a dynamically changing field that has entertained a variety of hypotheses. Since most of the data pertaining to AD pathogenesis is obtained in postmortem tissue or in vitro experiments, researchers must play a game of 'connect the dots' to try to correlate the diverse aspects of the disease and generate hypotheses regarding the sequence of pathological events. This article reviews the current state of AD research, and presents three hypothetical models for disease progression.
A browser-based framework for data cache in Web-delivered service composition (2010)

Service Oriented Computing (SOC) paradigm aims at building applications by composing available services over the Internet. Recently, one important application direction of SOC is to compose the Web-delivered services (SOAP and RESTful Web services, RSS/Atom feeds, etc) for new Web applications (e.g., the Web mashups). Due to the fact that a number of Web-delivered services fetch data from remote servers, Web applications might require browser cache in order to cooperate with the performance issues (e.g. traffic and latency). However, cache strategies are usually predefined by service providers and brought into effect by browsers. Such pattern of cache makes developers, who are exactly responsible of composing services for Web applications, hardly customize their own cache strategies according to their own application contexts. We argue that, these limited cache strategies may cause unnecessary communications and reduce user experience. This paper proposes a browser-side cache framework for Web-delivered services composition. The main efforts of this paper are as follows. Firstly, our framework allows developers to customize their own cache strategies, such as expiration time, cache granularity and so forth. Secondly, we propose an adaptive technique to adjust cache strategies dynamically, in order to improve cache performance. Finally, we evaluate our framework by conducting experimental studies with the real-world Web-delivered services.
Non-photosynthetic interactions of bentazone with plant growth and development. (1989)

A range of bioassays were performed to establish the non photosynthetic PGR activity of the herbicide bentazone. In bioassays for auxin activity bentazone stimulated growth of primary leaf petioles, cotyledonary internode and first lateral of light-grown Phaseolus vulgaris over a 12d period, and stimulated elongation of etiolated Avena sativa coleoptile segments within 1h. These responses each had similar concentration dependence to, but were smaller in magnitude, than responses of the same tissues to exogenous IAA. IAA and bentazone-enhanced coleoptile elongation was similarly sensitive to a range of inhibitors. In Phaseolus vulgaris tissues, Avena sativa coleoptile segments, and Lepidium sativum roots, IAA and bentazone produced significant interactions, bentazone reducing IAA responses at high (optimum) concentrations, but enhancing IAA responses when both compounds were simultaneously applied at low concentrations. In a bioassay for gibberellin activity, bentazone inhibited elongation of juvenile internodes of intact, light-grown Pisum sativum similarly to IAA, and inhibited exogenous GA3-enhanced internode elongation, over 5d, again similarly to IAA. Investigation of a proposed plasmalemma mediated mechanism of action, the same as, or similar to that of IAA, found bentazone active in promoting H efflux from etiolated Avena coleoptile segments, again similar to, but smaller in magnitude than IAA responses, and with clear interaction between the two compounds, particularly when bentazone was at low concentration. It is proposed that IAA and bentazone are active at the same, or a closely associated, plasmalemma bound auxin receptor, and that short and long term observed interactions may be accounted for by considering interactions at the initial binding site. Speculative models for these interactions are presented. The value of considerations of interactions at binding sites in herbicide action and interaction studies are discussed.
Cornea, and the swelling of polyelectrolyte gels of biological interest (1998)

Biological polyelectrolyte gels consist of insoluble aggregates of molecules which collectively form structural fibrils and these fibrils, or their chemically bound side chains, have a net electrical charge. These gels may be visualized as negatively charged fibrils immersed in aqueous solutions which include free diffusible ions (mainly sodium, potassium and chloride). All living cells and most of the extracellular spaces of the body are polyelectrolyte gels and they strive to swell by the absorption of additional fluid because of the Donnan potentials generated by their fixed charge. We review Donnan swelling using the cornea of the eye as prime material. Donnan swelling requires knowledge of only one parameter such as: (a) the electrical potential within the gel or (b) the distribution of any mobile ion inside and outside the gel or (c) measurement of the gel pressure or (d) the fixed charge density on the fibrils, in order to calculate all the other relevant factors. We describe the conditions (which usually exist in biological tissue) when the microscopic distribution of the fixed charge density within the gel is not important to the Donnan phenomena. Fixed charge density is generated by two sources: permanent negative charges in the structural fibrils and transient mobile ion binding to the fibrils. Ion binding to large molecules is reviewed. In the case of the cornea, transient mobile ion binding is the predominant factor in generating fixed charge density under physiological conditions. An irreversible thermodynamic treatment of gel swelling shows the intrinsic instability of polyelectrolyte gels and suggests new ways of approaching a microscopic model for osmosis. In order to stabilize the two forces (osmotic potential and chemical potential) which generate the polyelectrolyte gel instability we review the types of third forces which must be present in order to stabilize biological gels. These third forces include van der Waal's force, metabolically driven ion pumps or fibrillar cross-linking. In the case of the cornea, it is shown that the gel pressure is exploited in order to help make the tissue transparent to light.
Design and Analysis of Private-Preserving Dot Product Protocol (2009)

Private-preserving shared dot product protocol is an important protocol of many secure multi-party computation problems. It has been the main building block of various data mining algorithms with privacy concerns, and providing fundamental security guarantee for many privacy-preserving data mining algorithms. In this paper, we construct a privacy-preserving two-party shared dot product protocol based on some basic cryptographic techniques which is provably secure in malicious model; this protocol has more security than those of previous protocols in the semi-honest model. The potential areas of application of this protocol are numerous, for example, computation of Euclidean distance, privacy-preserving computational geometry, privacy-preserving cooperative statistical analysis and so on.
Membrane distillation - examples of applications in technology and environmental protection (2000)

This paper presents membrane distillation (MD), a separation process based on evaporation through pores of a hydrophobic membrane. Different configurations of the process were considered. Membrane properties, transport phenomena through the membranes, and module designs have been discussed. Appli-cations of MD in water and wastewater treatment as well as in the food industry have been presented. The concentration of sulfuric acid solution obtained after extraction of apatite phosphogypsum by MD, in order to recover lanthane compounds has been presented. The possibility of recovery of HO from metal pickling solutions by MD has been shown.
Anchovy oil thermal polymerization kinetics (1997)

Abstract The thermal polymerization reaction kinetics of anchovy oil was investigated with and without catalyst. In order to make a comparison, linseed oil was included in the study. Reactions were carried out 260, 270, and 280°C, and a kinetic model was determined for each case. The reactions for linseed oil with and without catalyst at all temperatures followed the first‐order kinetics. In the case of anchovy oil, the best‐fitted straight line is obtained by plotting viscosity values against time, and the reaction proceeds in two stages at 280°C without catalyst. The use of catalyst lowered the temperature to 270°C for the appearance of two different rates. Additionally, some mathematical equations were derived between iodine value, refractive index, viscosity, and reaction time.
Automatic generation of Markov chain usage models from real-time software UML models (2004)

The paper concerns automatic generation of usage models from real-time software UML models. Firstly, we define the reasonably constrained real-time software UML artifacts, which include use case diagrams, timed sequence diagrams and the execution probability of each sequence diagram in its associated use case. Secondly, the paper presents a method that derives the software usage model from the constrained UML artifacts. The method elicits the messages associated with the objects under testing and their occurrence probabilities to generate the usage model of each use case. Timing constraints in sequence diagrams are considered during usage model generation. Then the usage models of use cases are integrated into the software usage model by utilizing the execution sequence relations between use cases. The usage models can be used to generate real-time software statistical test cases and facilitate real-time software statistical testing.
Blood and Marrow Transplantation Long-Term Management: Prevention and Complications (2014)

During the infancy of the transplant era, the long-term survival of patients receiving stem cell transplant (SCT) was poor. Because of remarkable advances in the field of transplant biology, better supportive care, and improved expertise in management of transplant complications, most patients transplanted in the 21st century will survive beyond 2 years. Blood and Marrow Transplantation Long-Term Management: Prevention and Complications, edited by Bipin Savani, MD, is the first book solely focusing on the unique set of complications that arise in these patients and describes both therapeutic and preventative strategies for the myriad of expected and unexpected late effects in this population. The book's 37 chapters are divided into 3 sections: general concepts, specific management issues, and supportive care needs of long-term survivors. Written by 74 acknowledged experts worldwide in the field of transplant, all chapters depict up-to-date evidence-based medicine and real-life issues in transplant patients. The basic concepts of graft-versus-host-disease, long-term-follow-up clinic setup, and the screening strategies for transplant patients are presented in a comprehensive and straightforward fashion, thereby providing an excellent reference guide for students as well as seasoned clinicians. In a review book coauthored by multiple experts, certain concepts are touched on more than once, which provides an advantage to the reader by recapitulating certain complex late effects from different intellectual angles. It covers both pediatric and adult survivorship issues. The last chapter, entitled “A Patient's Perspective: Concepts of Long-Term Survivor Support Groups and Their Roles,” introduces a unique aspect of transplant psychology that is an element of transplant that is underappreciated by providers distinguishing Blood and Marrow Transplantation Long Term Management: Prevention and Complications as a resource. As projected estimates of SCT survivors will exceed more than 1 million in the coming decades, the care of these patients will no longer be solely delivered by transplant teams. This book is an invaluable asset to not only transplant physicians but to all health care providers who will be caring for this complicated patient population in the future.
Molecular and solid-state properties of tris-(8-hydroxyquinolate)-aluminum (2000)

We use a hybrid density-functional-theory approach to calculate ground-state electronic properties and a time-dependent density-functional-theory approach to investigate the excited state electronic properties of molecular tris-(8-hydroxyquinolate)-aluminum, Alq. The calculated molecular results are compared with measurements on dense solid-state films of Alq. We specifically consider: the optical absorption spectrum near the fundamental absorption threshold, the ionization potential, the single-particle energy gap, the static dielectric constant, and the electric-field dependence of the electron mobility. We find that the molecular calculations can describe the optical absorption spectrum near the fundamental absorption threshold without significant corrections for solid-state effects. The energies of the triplet excited states are computed and the lowest triplet is found to lie 0.64 eV below the lowest excited singlet state. In contrast, large dielectric corrections must be included for the molecular calculations to describe the ionization potential and single-particle energy gap. When these dielectric corrections are made, using the calculated molecular polarizability, which accurately gives the measured static dielectric constant, both the ionization potential and single-particle energy gap are well described. The calculated molecular dipole moment can be used to interpret the electric-field dependence of the electron mobility. The solid-state properties, determined from the molecular calculations, are then used in a device model to describe the measured current-voltage characteristics in Alq diodes.
Treatment of central sensitization in patients with ‘unexplained’ chronic pain: what options do we have? (2011)

Acetaminophen, serotonin-reuptake inhibitor drugs, selective and balanced serototin and norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitor drugs, the serotonin precursor tryptophan, opioids, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor antagonists, calcium-channel alpha(2)delta (a2δ) ligands, transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS), manual therapy and stress management each target central pain processing mechanisms in animals that - theoretically - desensitize the CNS in humans. To provide a comprehensive treatment for 'unexplained' chronic pain disorders characterized by central sensitization, it is advocated to combine the best evidence available with treatment modalities known to target central sensitization.