gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potential Risks and Benefits of Phytoestrogen-Rich Diets (2003)

Interest in the physiological role of bioactive compounds present in plants has increased dramatically over the last decade. Of particular interest in relation to human health are the class of compounds known as the phytoestrogens, which embody several groups of non-steroidal oestrogens including isoflavones & lignans that are widely distributed within the plant kingdom. Data from animal and in vitro studies provide plausible mechanisms to explain how phytoestrogens may influence hormone dependent states, but although the clinical application of diets rich in these oestrogen mimics is in its infancy, data from preliminary studies suggest potential beneficial effects of importance to health. Phytoestrogens are strikingly similar in chemical structure to the mammalian oestrogen, oestradiol, and bind to oestrogen receptors (ER) with a preference for the more recently described ER beta. This suggests that these compounds may exert tissue specific effects. Numerous other biological effects independent of the ER (e.g. antioxidant capacity, antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects) have been ascribed to these compounds. Whether phytoestrogens have any biological activity in humans, either hormonal or non hormonal is a contentious issue and there is currently a paucity of data on human exposure. Much of the available data on the absorption and metabolism of dietary phytoestrogens is of a qualitative nature; it is known that dietary phytoestrogens are metabolised by intestinal bacteria, absorbed, conjugated in the liver, circulated in plasma and excreted in urine. Recent studies have addressed quantitatively what happens to isoflavones following ingestion--with pure compound and stable isotope data to compliment recent pharmacokinetic data for soy foods. The limited studies conducted so far in humans clearly confirm that soya isoflavones can exert hormonal effects. These effects may be of benefit in the prevention of many of the common diseases observed in Western populations (such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis) where the diet is typically devoid of these biologically active naturally occurring compounds. However since biological effects are dependent on many factors including dose, duration of use, protein binding affinity, individual metabolism and intrinsic oestrogenic state, further clinical studies are necessary to determine the potential health effects of these compounds in specific population groups. However we currently know little about age related differences in exposure to these compounds and there are few guidelines on optimal dose for specific health outcomes.
Interphases Developed from Fiber Sizings and Their Chemical-Structural Relationship to Composite Compressive Performance (1994)

Abstract The relationship between interphase microstructure produced from fiber surface chemistry and the resulting composite structural properties is not well understood. This relationship is, however, key to predicting composite performance and to the understanding of how to assemble the constituents properly for best use of the unique properties of the fibers. In this study, a significant difference in laminate compressive performance is observed for both static and dynamic loading. Two different fiber sizings, an unreacted bisphenol-A-based epoxy and the thermoplastic, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), are identified as the source of these observations. The fiber, matrix and processing remained the same in both systems. However, morphological differences in the interphase region were observed. The resulting mechanical properties indicated that the PVP sizing improved static compressive strength by 51% and increased the fatigue life of notched cross ply laminates (cycled at R=−1) by at least two orders of magnitude over the bisphenol-A-sized composites. The mechanism by which PVP brought about these changes is unclear and requires further study. However, these results also indicate that the selection of interphase characteristics requires additional information about the fiber-matrix bond than merely strength. Key Words: Fiber sizingfiber-matrix interphasepoly(n-vinylpyrrolidone)meso-indetation testingmicrobucklingcomposite compression strengthmorphologymechanical performance
How I treat acquired aplastic anemia (2017)

Acquired severe aplastic anemia (SAA) is a rare hematologic disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Immune destruction of hemopoietic stem cells plays an important role in pathogenesis, as shown by successful treatment with immunosuppressive agents, leading to transfusion independence or complete recovery of peripheral blood counts in a proportion of patients. Growth factors can be combined with immunosuppressive therapy (IST) and may improve response rates, as recently shown with thrombopoietin analogs. Anabolic steroids may still play a role in combination with IST. The problem with IST is failure to respond and the development of late clonal disorders. Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is the other therapeutic option: a matched sibling donor remains the best choice. For patients lacking a matched family donor, unrelated donors can be readily found, although mostly for patients of Caucasian origin. Other BMT options include unrelated cord blood or mismatched family donors. Acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease remain important complications of BMT. Patient age is a strong predictor of outcome for both IST and BMT, and must be considered when designing therapeutic strategies. Early diagnosis and treatment, as well as long-term monitoring, remain crucial steps for successful treatment of SAA.
Improvement and retardation of wound healing: effects of pharmacological agents in laboratory animal studies (1999)

Impaired wound healing is an important problem; retardation of healing may be induced by endogenous and/or exogenous factors and treatments capable of ameliorating these effects are needed. The effects of solutions containing light ichthyol or povidone iodine, of ointments containing zinc oxide (ZO) and/or cod liver oil (CLO), and of a polyurethane-hydrogel foam wound dressing were examined on healing of full-thickness murine skin wounds impaired by systemic dexamethasone. The effects of the ointments were also studied on murine skin ulceration induced by subcutaneous sodium dodecyl sulphate solution. Light ichthyol at 1% and 2% but not at 5% and 10%, povidone iodine at 1% and the foam accelerated impaired healing. The ointments containing ZO or CLO accelerated healing of impaired full-thickness wounds and of ulcerated skin; ZO and CLO were synergistic. These studies demonstrate the value of murine models in the evaluation of agents employed in veterinary wound dressings.
Improved Syntheses of (±)-Ar-Turmerone via Organotin Reagents (1985)

Abstract (±)-Ar-turmerone has been obtained alternatively from p-methylacetophenone and p-bromotoluene with ethoxymethyltributyltin or α-ethoxycrotyltributyltin and isobutenyltributyltin as key reagents. The overall yields lie in the range 49–60%.
TFT-LCD Mura defects automatic inspection system using linear regression diagnostic model (2008)

The TFT-LCD panel is one of the most important and promising products in the recent years. Mura defects can be created on the display panel during its production. In this research, a linear regression diagnostic model is incorporated with digital image processing theory to automatically inspect for Mura defects. A bivariate polynomial regression model is used to simulate the brightness of background images that is used in the diagnosis of outliers and influential points. The partitions of the candidate Mura defect regions are segmented using Niblack's threshold criteria. The candidate Mura defects are further evaluated. The quantified level is defined in terms of concepts already reported in the literature. Based on Weber's law and a visual perception model, the just-noticeable intensity difference index of the Mura features can be obtained and it can be subsequently used to quantify the Mura defect level. With the obtained defect level, Mura defects can be identified for exactly labelling of the perfect and imperfect LCD panels. Experiments were performed on 13 TFT-LCD panels. There are ten bad panels and three good panels in these 13 samples as determined by human visual inspection. Each bad panel has at least one Mura defect. After the automated inspection process, the results showed that the proposed method could separate the good and bad panels accurately. Compared with human visual inspection, the Mura detection rate of the distinct size and shapes can attain over 90.9 per cent correct detection and the achieved correction rate of Mura defects on each panel can be improved by 100 per cent.
Application of two‐dimensional NMR spectroscopy in the determination of solution conformation of nucleic acids (1988)

Abstract Two‐dimensional NMR has developed into an important tool for the study of solution structures of nucleic acids. The conformational information is generally derived from the three bond coupling constants (J) and interproton distances (r). Strategies have been developed to obtain J values using COSY and J‐resolved spectroscopy. Estimation of interproton distances involves measurement of NOESY build‐up curves as a function of mixing time. This information can be coupled with structural refinement techniques to obtain the three‐dimensional structure of nucleic acids. Here we have described the current status of this important field with particular reference to advancements in applications to DNA structures.
A Study of Venturi Tubes (2012)

The purpose of this study is to examine the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Venturi Tube. This study is conducted with regard to published standards for design and installation, manufacturing, and the comparative analysis of laboratory flow calibrations to the theoretical predictions of the coefficient of discharge.Design considerations will be investigated for venturi standards such as ASME MFC 3Ma-2007, ISO 5167-4 (2003-03-01) and ASME PTC 19.5-2004. Summaries for the ranges of use will be presented for diameters, beta ratio, and Reynolds Number. The types of venturi such as As Cast, Machined and Rough Welded Sheet Iron Inlet, will be presented as well as some alternative designs which do not fit well into these categories. The alternative designs include designing with heavy wall pipe and other material concerns. Manufacturing techniques and limitations will also be discussed.The data from many laboratory flow calibrations are utilized to examine the prediction equations for the Coefficient of Discharge and to determine the effects of materials and manufacturing processes such as post weld stress relieving. ASME MFC 3Ma-2007 (MFC 3Ma) and ISO 5167-4 (ISO 5167) predict a constant coefficient of discharge for a limited Reynolds number range based on the type of venturi. ASME PTC 19.5-2004 (PTC 19.5) states that the coefficient of discharge varies with the Reynolds number and should have the same prediction equation as a throat tap flow nozzle.In conclusion, preliminary results based on flow calibration data from an independent laboratory indicate the prediction of coefficient of discharge from the equation published in ASME PTC 19.5-2004 more closely agrees with the laboratory determined coefficient of discharge.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
<scp>L</scp>‐Cysteinol (1961)

Abstract Durch Reduktion von S‐Äthylcystein‐äthylester‐hydrochlorid mit Natrium und Phenol und von L ‐Cystein‐äthylester mit Lithiumaluminiumhydrid wurden die entsprechenden Aminoalkohole erhalten. Es wurde O, N, S‐Triacetyl‐cysteinol isoliert und durch Verseifung in L ‐Cysteinol‐hydrochlorid übergeführt.
A STUDY OF SI-DONG AND SO-SENG DISEASES (1994)

studying on si-dong and so-seng diseases recorded in lyeong-chu, kyeong-maek, the authors take out the results as follows. 1. si-dong diseases are caused by chang-fu organs(臟腑) itself and separately concerned with chin(津), hyeol(血), ki(氣), ek(液), keun(筋), kol(骨). 2. so-seng diseases are caused by invasions of six climatic conditions in excess as pathogenic factors(六淫) on the meridiain and collaterals. 3. si-dong diseases are mainly chronic and deficient syndromes. 4. so-seng diseases are mostly excessive and acute syndromes.
The Web Ecology (2008)

the laws of nature and the rules of human society is the grand challenge of sciences. The World Wide Web, its expanding resources, applications and users have constituted an enormous information sharing space. People's daily life and work have become increasingly relying on it. However, it is still young compared with our society and the nature. What it will be in the future? Billions of years' evolution creates the most elegant and efficient natural ecosystem. It will be ideal if the Web can eventually evolve into an artificial ecosystem that harmoniously evolves with society, economy, culture, sciences, and technologies. This paper proposes the Web ecology as the blueprint of the future interconnection environment, including its definition, scientific issues, method, and general architecture. The study of the Web ecology may lead to a new branch of sciences.
The electrical properties of silicone gel due to curing condition (2002)

In order to investigated the electrical properties of silicone gel due to the curing condition, volume resistivity and dielectric strength are investigated. Some samples made under several different curing conditions are experimented. The relationship between dielectric strength and electrode distance is investigated as well in this paper. The external 60 Hz; 3 kV/sec AC voltage is applied to the specimen until the dielectric breakdown occurs. It is proved that the electrical properties of specimen cured at 170/spl deg/C, 60 minutes and 120 minutes are superior to the others in the experimental result.
Local management of the Scottish qualification for headship (2002)

The Scottish Qualification for Headship (SQH) has been designed for delivery through a partnership of higher education institutions (HEIs) and local authorities (LAs). The study reported in this article aimed to give an account of the processes of management of SQH at LA level. This article highlights the liaison and support role played by those who coordinated SQH within local authorities. Conclusions are drawn about the complexities of the coordination role and the centrality of adequate resourcing for the success of the programme that has a substantial workbased learning element. Implications are identified for future continuing professional development (CPD) strategies
Association of morphine-induced analgesic tolerance with changes in gene expression of <i>GluN1</i> and <i>MOR1</i> in rat spinal cord and midbrain. (2016)

It can be concluded that tolerance following administration of morphine (10 mg/kg) for 15 days is associated with site specific changes in the <i>GluN1</i> gene expression in the spinal cord and midbrain but the <i>MOR1</i> gene expression is not affected.
Cervical cancer screening (1998)

Cervical cancer is a significant problem among American Indian women. Studies report very high mortality and poor 5-year survival rates compared with other ethnic groups. This paper reports on the impact of a culturally framed cervical cancer educational project on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors toward cervical cancer screening among American Indian women in California. Eight Indian clinic centers, four urban and four rural, were assigned randomly to intervention and control sites (n = 414). A culturally sensitive educational approach was used as a vehicle to provide cancer education to improve adherence to cancer screening recommendations. Pre- and posttest questionnaires were administered, and the data were analyzed. Clinic charts were abstracted. Study results indicated significant statistical differences in postintervention knowledge levels between women from the intervention and control centers. The analysis of changes in attitude statements resulted in only modest changes. Behavioral changes require additional analysis, because the self-administered questionnaire results conflict with the participant's chart review. This study has shown the effectiveness of a culturally appropriate approach and methodology for teaching about recommended preventive health techniques for cancer control. Cancer 1998;83:1799-1804. © 1998 American Cancer Society.
Structure and Complexity of a Bacterial Transcriptome (2009)

Although gene expression has been studied in bacteria for decades, many aspects of the bacterial transcriptome remain poorly understood. Transcript structure, operon linkages, and information on absolute abundance all provide valuable insights into gene function and regulation, but none has ever been determined on a genome-wide scale for any bacterium. Indeed, these aspects of the prokaryotic transcriptome have been explored on a large scale in only a few instances, and consequently little is known about the absolute composition of the mRNA population within a bacterial cell. Here we report the use of a high-throughput sequencing-based approach in assembling the first comprehensive, single-nucleotide resolution view of a bacterial transcriptome. We sampled the Bacillus anthracis transcriptome under a variety of growth conditions and showed that the data provide an accurate and high-resolution map of transcript start sites and operon structure throughout the genome. Further, the sequence data identified previously nonannotated regions with significant transcriptional activity and enhanced the accuracy of existing genome annotations. Finally, our data provide estimates of absolute transcript abundance and suggest that there is significant transcriptional heterogeneity within a clonal, synchronized bacterial population. Overall, our results offer an unprecedented view of gene expression and regulation in a bacterial cell.
AN EXTRAPOLATION METHOD FOR SHIP RESISTANCE BASED ON THE VARIATION OF SINKAGE AND TRIM WITH FROUDE NUMBER (1984)

Cardiovascular diseases, as the most common non-communicable disease in the world, cause a high mortality rate today and bring a serious medical burden to countries worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Experimental rodent models are widely used for cardiovascular diseases researches due to the effective simulation of human cardiovascular diseases, strong reproductive ability, and easy detection. Herein, we will summarize the pathological manifestations of common cardiovascular diseases and illustrate the establishment of corresponding experimental rodent models in detail.
Rapid synthesis and interconversions of fatty 4,5-dihydroimidazoles and fatty 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines. Thermal cyclizations of fatty amides involving phenyl phosphorodiamidate (1983)

Brief heating of ethane-1,2- and propane-1,3-bis-fatty amides at 235–250 °C with phenyl phosphorodiamidate gave routes to high yields of 2-fatty alkyl-4,5-dihydroimidazoles and 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines. Ready interconversions of fatty dihydroimidazoles and tetrahydropyrimidines, involving diamine exchange with solvent, were observed on brief heating of these materials in ethylenediamine and trimethylenediamine as solvents.
Inositol and Hepatic Lipidosis. I. Effect of Inositol Supplementation and Time from Parturition on Liver and Serum Lipids in Dairy Cattle (1986)

Percutaneous liver biopsies and blood samples were obtained from 80 multiparous dairy cows in nine Michigan herds. Biopsies and samples were obtained serially over the peripartum period. Thirty-nine cows received 17 g of supplemental myoinositol in the diet to test its use as a possible lipotropic substance and 41 received a placebo. Liver biopsies were assayed for triglyceride (TG) and total myoinositol content. Serum was assayed for dextran precipitable cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Inositol supplementation had no effect on any of the lipid variables. There was a significant herd effect on liver inositol, serum dextran precipitable cholesterol and NEFA concentrations. Serum NEFA and liver TG concentrations increased in the immediate postpartum period, while dextran precipitable cholesterol decreased. A significant herd X period interaction existed for liver TG and serum dextran precipitable cholesterol concentrations. Liver TG and serum NEFA concentrations were positively correlated. Excessive infiltration of bovine liver with lipid at calving appears to be an exaggerated manifestation of normal metabolic changes.
A Data Mining Approach to Assess Privacy Risk in Human Mobility Data (2017)

Human mobility data are an important proxy to understand human mobility dynamics, develop analytical services, and design mathematical models for simulation and what-if analysis. Unfortunately mobility data are very sensitive since they may enable the re-identification of individuals in a database. Existing frameworks for privacy risk assessment provide data providers with tools to control and mitigate privacy risks, but they suffer two main shortcomings: (i) they have a high computational complexity; (ii) the privacy risk must be recomputed every time new data records become available and for every selection of individuals, geographic areas, or time windows. In this article, we propose a fast and flexible approach to estimate privacy risk in human mobility data. The idea is to train classifiers to capture the relation between individual mobility patterns and the level of privacy risk of individuals. We show the effectiveness of our approach by an extensive experiment on real-world GPS data in two urban areas and investigate the relations between human mobility patterns and the privacy risk of individuals.
New algorithm for fetal QRS detection in surface abdominal records (2006)

The proposed method detects fetal R waves on abdominal non-invasive records. An exponentially averaged pattern of the mother PQRST segment is obtained and subtracted. Subsequently the fetal R detector based on a Smoothed Nonlinear Energy Operator (SNEO) is applied to the residual signal. Finally, criteria about amplitude, heart rate and backward search are settled to correct false detections. To evaluate the fetal R detector, 10 multichannel records were used, acquired between gestation week 22 and 40. The position of the fetal R waves were manually marked (N=1490), and these reference marks were compared with the ones from the detector. It was obtained a 88.83% of sensitivity and a 91.32% of positive prediction value. The application of the detector to all the abdominal channels will probably allow improving the obtained results.
A UHF True Logarithmic IF Amplifier (1973)

A UHF "true logarithmic IF" which yields a carrier output proportional in amplitude to the logarithm of the carrier input has been constructed. Although this "true" form has been known for a number of years, it appears to have been neglected in development. Good performance has been obtained over a 60-dB input signal range with rise and fall times of 2 ns per 20 dB. A high-level, detected dc coupled output without the use of any dc amplifier is obtained. Coherent signal processing of the output carrier is possible, and other important advantages to this type of logarithmic IF are described.
Signal switching by a control beam in a nonlinear coupler (1994)

Power- and phase-controlled all-optical switching in a nonlinear fused-tapered coupler is presented. The induced switching is caused by a control beam applied to the coupler and is insensitive to the relative phase variation between the control and the signal. The switching behavior depends on the choice of the frequency of the control, its polarization, its strength, and the arm from which it is applied to the coupler. Depending on these initial conditions, the critical switching power ranges from being reduced as compared with the no-control case to being increased and even being nonexistent. The underlying physical concepts presented here can be generalized to include any two-mode-interference coupler device.