gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A role for WNT-5B in airway remodeling in COPD by activation of TGF-β/Smad3 signaling? (2013)

Aberrant epithelial repair responses to cigarette smoke contribute to airway remodeling in COPD, a chronic inflammatory respiratory disease. The WNT pathway is re-activated upon inflammation, tissue injury and repair in multiple organs, including the lung, but its role in COPD is unknown. We aimed to investigate whether dysregulated expression of WNT genes may contribute to airway remodeling in COPD. We studied expression of various WNT ligands, WNT receptors and WNT target/remodeling genes (e.g. fibronectin, periostin, MMP-2 and MMP-9) in the presence and absence of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) in primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs) from COPD patients and (non-)smoking controls and/or human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells (qPCR, immunodetection). Additionally, we studied mRNA expression of WNT genes in lung homogenates from Balb/c mice upon 5 days of smoking. CSE induced a significant increase in the mRNA expression of WNT-5A and WNT-5B, but not of the other detected WNT ligands (WNT-4,-7B,-10B) or FZD receptors (FZD-2,-8) in PBECs from COPD patients, but not in control PBECs. CSE also increased WNT-5B mRNA and protein expression in BEAS-2B cells, which did not express WNT-5A. Further, lungs of smoke-exposed mice displayed 2-fold higher WNT-5B mRNA expression than air-exposed mice. Recombinant human WNT-5B induced Smad3 activation and TGF-β/Smad3 signaling-dependent upregulation of fibronectin, periostin, MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in BEAS-2B cells. Together, our results indicate that exaggerated WNT-5B expression in cigarette smoke-exposed bronchial epithelium may lead to TGF-β/Smad3-dependent expression of multiple remodeling genes and thus contribute to airway remodeling in COPD.
ADVENTIVE EMBRYOGENESIS IN CITRUS (RUTACEAE) II. POSTFERTILIZATION DEVELOPMENT (1988)

Cytological and histological studies on postfertilization development of ovules were carried out in six facultatively apomictic Citrus cultivars. At the time of anthesis, adventive embryo initial cells (AEICs) were detected mainly in the cell layers of the nucellus around the chalazal half of the embryo sac. During the approximately 40 days rest period of the AEICs after fertilization, rapid cell division and enlargement in the endosperm and the chalazal half of the nucellus resulted in the split of AEICs into several separated areas forming the micropylar, lateral and chalazal islands surrounding the enlarging embryo sac. Both in diploid seeds with triploid endosperm and triploid seeds with pentaploid endosperm, the AEICs located in the micropylar half successfully developed into adventive embryos. In diploid seeds, almost all AEICs located in the chalazal half did not develop beyond the initial‐celled stage, while in the triploid seeds, those located in the chalazal half occasionally developed into cotyledonary embryos. In seeds with aborted endosperm, the AEICs located in the chalazal half often developed into cotyledonary embryos. The chalazal expiants from normal seeds produced a large number of embryos in vitro. Four results can be summarized from these studies on adventive embryogenesis as follows: 1) All AEICs are initiated prior to anthesis. 2) Whether or not the AEICs successfully developed into adventive embryos is dependent upon their position in the seed. 3) The farther the AEICs are located from the micropylar end, the more adventive embryogenesis is suppressed by endosperm. 4) The degree of adventive embryogenesis in the chalazal half is affected by time and extent of malfunction of the endosperm. Under natural conditions, these regulatory systems of adventive embryogenesis contribute to high production of zygotic seedlings in apomictic Citrus species and cultivars.
INDUSTRIAL ELECTROSYNTHESIS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (1968)

Electrochemical methods are beginning to find uses in the synthesis of different classes of organic compounds with a high degree of purity. The processes of electrochemical synthesis in large-tonnage of some monomers are of special interest because of the possibility of using plentiful types of raw materials. Because of this, electrochemical methods of obtaining organic compounds seem economically feasible in some cases. A clear case is electrochemical production of adiponitrile, which at the present time, is being introduced on an industrial scale in a number of countries. (Author)
Synthesis of Cyclopentadienyl Capped Polyethylene and Subsequent Block Copolymer Formation Via Hetero Diels‐Alder (HDA) Chemistry (2011)

In the current contribution it is demonstrated - for the first time - that poly(ethylene) (M(n) = 1,400 as well as 2,800 g · mol(-1) , PDI = 1.2) can be readily equipped with highly reactive cyclopentadienyl (Cp) end groups. The Cp terminal poly(ethylene) can subsequently be reacted in an efficient hetero Diels-Alder (HDA) reaction with macromolecules (poly(isobornyl acrylate) (M(n) = 4,600 g · mol(-1) , PDI = 1.10) and poly(styrene) (M(n) = 6,300 g · mol(-1) , PDI = 1.13) featuring strongly electron withdrawing thiocarbonyl thio end groups, prepared via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization employing benzylpyridin-2-yldithioformate (BPDF) as transfer agent. The resulting block copolymers have been analyzed via high-temperature size exclusion chromatography (SEC) as well as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The current system allows for the removal of the excess of the non-poly(ethylene) containing segment via filtration of the poly(ethylene)-containing block copolymer. However, the reaction temperatures need to be judiciously selected. Characterization of the generated block copolymers at elevated temperatures can lead - depending on the block copolymer type - to the occurrence of retro Diels-Alder processes. The present study thus demonstrates that RAFT-HDA ligation can be effectively employed for the generation of block copolymers containing poly(ethylene) segments.
Histomorphometric analysis of dentinal bridge formation and pulpal inflammation. (2002)

Pulp capping with resin composite materials provided acceptable pulpal inflammatory and dentinal bridge repair responses, comparable with those of calcium hydroxide. Although resin composites are promising as direct pulp capping agents, further investigations are required to optimize their application protocols to reduce the penetration of potentially cytotoxic monomers into pulpal tissue.
Fokker-Planck/Transport Studies of the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (1980)

The time-dependent behavior of neutral beam-heated DT plasmas in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) has been investigated with a numerical one-dimensional transport model, coupled with a fully nonlinear Fokker-Planck analysis of the injected energetic ions, a Monte Carlo neutral transport model, and a self-consistent beam-deposition code. The transport equations use diffusivities and conductivities consistent with those measured in present day tokamak devices. Two modes of operation are compared: mode I with D° beam injection, T° gas injection, and a high recycling coefficient; mode II with both D° and T° beam injection, no gas injection, and a low recycling coefficient. At lower beam powers, mode II yields the highest values of fusion power gain Qp. At higher beam powers, which are accompanied by higher plasma density, mode I yields the highest Qp. When a larger recycling coefficient is used in mode II, the Qp values are comparable, and Qp ≿ 1 is attainable with about 20 MW of beam power. The TFTR fusion performance is found to be very sensitive to the assumed diffusion rate of the bulk ions and moderately sensitive to variations in the ion thermal conductivity and in the diffusion rate of the energetic ions.
Active seismicity in the Fiji Plateau observed by ocean-bottom seismograph. (1975)

An ocean-bottom seismographic observation was performed at the central part of the Fiji Plateau in Aug. 20-29, 1973. It was found that intense micro-earthquake activity, including two swarm activities, were taking place in the neighbourhood of an ocean-bottom seismographic station located very close to the spreading center inferred by CHASE (1971). The average daily frequency of occurrence was about ll earthquakes per day at the station. The sea floor of the Fiji Plateau was unusually restless with numerous small tremors, which seem to be generated by natural earthquakes. The central part of the Fiji Plateau seems to be tectonically very active at present.
Oncogene expression in human tumors (1985)

The expression of 9 oncogenes in primary tumors and in human tumors passaged in nude mice was tested: a total of 28 tumor types was analyzed. Oncogenes src, fps, and mos were not expressed in any of the tumors tested but oncogene myc was transcribed in most of the tumors and myc was over-expressed in 3 tumors passaged in nude mice (Ewing sarcoma, large intestine carcinoma and kidney carcinoma) and in primary fibrous histiocytoma. Enhanced transcription of ras and fos genes was observed nonspecifically in different tumors. Oncogene sis was activated specifically in metastases of different tumors in lymph nodes.
Implementation aspects of LDPC convolutional codes (2008)

Potentially large storage requirements and long initial decoding delays are two practical issues related to the decoding of low-density parity-check (LDPC) convolutional codes using a continuous pipeline decoder architecture. In this paper, we propose several reduced complexity decoding strategies to lessen the storage requirements and the initial decoding delay without significant loss in performance. We also provide bit error rate comparisons of LDPC block and LDPC convolutional codes under equal processor (hardware) complexity and equal decoding delay assumptions. A partial syndrome encoder realization for LDPC convolutional codes is also proposed and analyzed. We construct terminated LDPC convolutional codes that are suitable for block transmission over a wide range of frame lengths. Simulation results show that, for terminated LDPC convolutional codes of sufficiently large memory, performance can be improved by increasing the density of the syndrome former matrix.
ON WELL-POISED BILATERAL HYPER-GEOMETRIC SERIES OF THE TYPE <sub>8</sub>ψ<sub>8</sub> (1950)

Journal Article ON WELL-POISED BILATERAL HYPER-GEOMETRIC SERIES OF THE TYPE 8 ψ 8 Get access M. JACKSON M. JACKSON Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Mathematics, Volume 1, Issue 1, 1950, Pages 63–68, https://doi.org/10.1093/qmath/1.1.63 Published: 01 January 1950 Article history Received: 28 February 1949 Published: 01 January 1950
Spectroscopic investigation of ligand interaction with hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase: evidence for a conformational change associated with activation (1984)

We have examined the interaction of phenylalanine hydroxylase with phenylalanine, tetrahydropterin cofactors, and an activating phospholipid, lysophosphatidylcholine. Incubation of native phenylalanine hydroxylase with phenylalanine or lysophosphatidylcholine results in an increase in the fluorescence emission of the enzyme at 360 nm, which closely parallels the increase in tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent activity observed under these conditions. The presence of tetrahydrobiopterin in the absence of phenylalanine results in quenching of the enzyme fluorescence emission; this quenching exhibits a sharp end point at about 1 mol of tetrahydrobiopterin bound/mol of enzyme subunit. The binding of tetrahydrobiopterin under these conditions is unexpectedly tight, with an estimated KD of 10-20 nM, while in the presence of lysophosphatidylcholine, the KD is increased to about 25 microM. Quenching experiments with sodium iodide indicate greater exposure of tryptophan residues in the phenylalanine-activated enzyme. The ultraviolet difference spectrum of phenylalanine hydroxylase in the presence of phenylalanine exhibits a peak at 238 nm, which correlates with the fluorescence increase and activation, as well as additional changes in the aromatic region, which do not correlate well with activation. Phenylalanine does not alter the far-ultraviolet circular dichroism spectrum of phenylalanine hydroxylase. In contrast, lysophosphatidylcholine appears to induce a dramatic change in enzyme secondary structure upon activation. These results suggest that activation of phenylalanine hydroxylase results in a conformation change and the exposure of buried tryptophan(s) and possibly a cysteine residue.
cw laser diodes and high-power arrays of In<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>As for 1.06-μm emission (1974)

InxGa1−xAs (x ∼0.23) p-n junction lasers have been prepared which are capable of providing continuous-wave (cw) operation at 1.085 μm at 77°K, and which emit 64 mW of coherent radiation at a current level of 1 A. Twelve-element series-connected laser arrays of InxGa1−xAs also have been fabricated, which emit more than 21 W of (peak) 1.058-μm radiation at 77°K when driven at a (pulse) current level of 8 A.
Synthesis and characterization of reversibly core cross-linked micelles sensitive to reductive environment (2011)

Over the last decade, polymer micelles attracted an increasing interest in drug pharmaceutical research because they could be used as efficient drug delivery systems. Micelles of amphiphilic block copolymers are supramolecular core-shell type assemblies of tens of nanometers in diameter. In principle, the micelles core is usually constructed with biodegradable hydrophobic polymers such as aliphatic polyesters, e.g. poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL), which serves as a reservoir for the incorporation of various lipophilic drugs. Water soluble poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) is most frequently used to build the micelles corona because it is very efficient in preventing protein adsorption at surfaces and in stabilizing the micelles in the blood compartment, giving rise to particles invisible to the body defence system (so-called stealthy or long circulating particles). The tumour targeting of a cytotoxic agent refers to the passive accumulation of polymer nanocarriers to solid tumours (EPR effect) followed by active internalization in tumor cells. The internalization of the drug is required for cell death because most cytotoxic drugs act intracellularly. The building of smart copolymer micelles able to adapt in response to their environment is thus highly desired. Even if micelles get a high stability in aqueous media, the dissociation of micelles is not always preserved when they are injected in the blood compartment. The reversible cross-linking of the micelles by disulfide bridges will provide the stability of micelles after the administration and will release the drug intracellularly by enzymatic breaking of disulfide bridges. The synthesis of reversibly cross-linkable PEO-b-PCL based copolymers, their micellization and cross-linking in aqueous media together with their biological properties will be presented.
CCDC 815380: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2012)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
A simulation-based approach to analyze the information diffusion in microblogging online social network (2013)

In this paper we propose a stochastic multi-agent based approach to analyze the information diffusion in Microblogging Online Social Networks (OSNs). OSNs, like Twitter and Facebook, became extremely popular and are being used to target marketing campaigns. Key known issues on this targeting is to be able to predict human behavior like posting a message with regard to some topics, and to analyze the emergent behavior of such actions. We explore Barack Obama's Twitter network as an egocentric network to present our simulation-based approach and predictive behavior modeling. Through experimental analysis, we evaluated the impact of inactivating both Obama and the most engaged users, aiming at understanding the influence of those users that are the most likely to disseminate information over the network.
FNA and CNB in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Lesions: A Single-center Experience on 665 Patients, Comparison between Two Periods (2017)

CT-guided CNB had a higher diagnostic yield than discretional use of either FNA or CNB; there was a slight but acceptable increase in complication rates.
Rearrangement and cyclization reactions in the mass spectra of a series of isatin carbonyl derivatives of medicinal interest: 2‐Oxo‐3‐indolinylidene anils (n‐arylketimines), 2‐oxo‐3‐indolinylidene phenylhydrazones, 2‐oxo‐3,3‐bis‐(<i>o</i>‐diaminoaryl) indolyl deriv‐atives and their 2,3‐quinoxaline heterocyclic analogues (1971)

Abstract The mass spectra of several types of carbonyl derivatives of isatin have been examined and the fragmentation pathways have been studied. There are many differences from previously reported data on similar derivatives of less complex carbonyl compounds and several rearrangement processes have been shown to be involved in the cleavage reactions. Some interesting examples of ‘ ortho ‐effects’ have also come to light as a result of this investigation.
Two small virus-specific polypeptides are produced during infection with Sindbis virus (1979)

We have identified and characterized two small virus-specific polypeptides which are produced during infection of cells with Sindbis virus, but which are not incorporated into the mature virion. The larger of these is a glycoprotein with an approximate molecular weight of 9,800 and is found predominantly in the medium of infected cells. Three independent lines of evidence demonstrate conclusively that this 9,800-dalton glycoprotein is produced during the proteolytic conversion of the precursor polypeptide, PE2, to the virion glycoprotein E2. This small glycoprotein is therefore analogous to the virion glycoprotein E3 of the very closely related alphavirus, Semliki Forest virus. The 9,800-dalton glycoprotein of Sindbis virus, unlike the E3 glycoprotein of Semliki Forest virus, is not, however, present in the viral particle. The other virus-specific polypeptide is 4,200 daltons in size, does not appear to be a glycoprotein, and is neither incorporated into the mature virus nor released into the culture medium. The gene for this small polypeptide is present in the viral 26S mRNA (the mRNA which encodes all the viral structural polypeptides) and appears to be located in the portion of the mRNA which encodes the two viral glycoproteins. The possibility that this 4,200-dalton polypeptide functions as a signal peptide during the synthesis of the viral membrane glycoproteins is discussed.
Residual Stress in PVD-Coated Carbide Cutting Inserts - Applications of the sin<sup>2</sup>ψ and the Scattering Vector Method (2010)

Premature collapse in terms of cohesive damage of PVD-coated carbide cutting tools often results in a time and cost consuming immediate interrupt of the cutting process. It is assumed that the residual stress state of the composite coating – substrate in combination with external loads during tool use is responsible for cohesive damage. The X-ray diffraction methods sin2 and scattering vector are applied for determination of the residual stress depth distribution in the coating and the substrate’s subsurface. Investigations of the residual stress state of commercial PVD-coated carbide cutting tools are presented. It is determined to what extent the single process steps during tool manufacturing are responsible for the final residual stress state of the PVD-coated tool. Furthermore the meaning of the PVD-coating process for the substrate’s residual stress state is investigated. Moreover, possibilities of controlling the residual stress state of the substrate by changing process variables of selected process steps are analyzed.
Hyphal Tip Extension in <i>Aspergillus nidulans</i> Requires the <i>manA</i> Gene, Which Encodes Phosphomannose Isomerase (1994)

A strain of Aspergillus nidulans carrying a temperature-sensitive mutation in the manA gene produces cell walls depleted of D-mannose and forms hyphal tip balloons at the restrictive temperature (B.P. Valentine and B.W. Bainbridge, J. Gen. Microbiol. 109:155-168, 1978). We have isolated and characterized the manA gene and physically located it between 3.5 and 5.5 kb centromere distal of the riboB locus on chromosome VIII. The manA gene contains four introns and encodes a 50.6-kDa protein which has significant sequence identity to type I phosphomannose isomerase proteins from other eukaryotes. We have constructed by integrative transformation a null mutation in the manA gene which can only be maintained in a heterokaryotic strain with wild-type manA+ nuclei. Thus, a manA null mutation is lethal in A. nidulans. The phenotype of the mutation was analyzed in germinating conidia. Such conidia are able to commence germination but swell abnormally, sometimes producing a misshapen germ tube, before growth ceases. The reason for the lethality is probably the lack of synthesis of mannose-containing cell wall polymers that must be required for normal cell wall development in growing hyphae.
Dynamics of Flagellum- and Pilus-Mediated Association of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with Contact Lens Surfaces (2011)

Flagella and pili are appendages that modulate attachment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to solid surfaces. However, previous studies have mostly reported absolute attachment. Neither the dynamic roles of these appendages in surface association nor those of attachment phenotypes have been quantified. We used video microscopy to address this issue. Unworn, sterile, soft contact lenses were placed in a laminar-flow optical chamber. Initial lens association kinetics for P. aeruginosa strain PAK were assessed in addition to lens-surface association phenotypes. Comparisons were made to strains with mutations in flagellin (fliC) or pilin (pilA) or those in flagellum (motAB) or pilus (pilU) function. PAK and its mutants associated with the contact lens surface at a constant rate according to first-order kinetics. Nonswimming mutants associated ∼30 to 40 times slower than the wild type. PAK and its pilA mutant associated at similar rates, but each ∼4 times faster than the pilU mutant. Lens attachment by wild-type PAK induced multiple phenotypes (static, lateral, and rotational surface movement), each showing only minor detachment. Flagellin (fliC) and flagellar-motility (motAB) mutants did not exhibit surface rotation. Conversely, strains with mutations in pilin (pilA) and pilus retraction (pilU) lacked lateral-surface movement but displayed enhanced surface rotation. Slower surface association of swimming-incapable P. aeruginosa mutants was ascribed to lower convective-diffusion-arrival rates, not to an inability to adhere. Flagellum function (swimming) enhanced lens association, attachment, and rotation; hyperpiliation hindered lens association. P. aeruginosa bound through three different adhesion sites: flagellum, pili, and body. Reduction of bacterial attachment to contact lenses thus requires blockage of multiple adhesion phenotypes.