gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic Study of the Oligomerization of Olefins (2014)

A mechanistic study on the oligomerization of olefins of isomeric octenes using a Lewis-acidic ionic liquid as the catalyst is reported herein. This study was aimed at understanding the effects of the position and geometry of the double bond on the probable pathway of the reaction and the properties of the final product. This effort will help in understanding which feed or mixture of feeds can be used as starting materials for oligomerization and also in understanding and estimating the final product properties after oligomerization. We observed an interesting reactivity pattern in the oligomerization of a mixture of olefins, in which there is selectivity for the cis isomer over the trans isomer. In addition, we found that the final oligomer obtained starting from a mixture of olefin isomers displayed better properties, such as a higher viscosity index and a lower side-chain branching percentage, than that obtained starting from exclusively the α-olefin. Kinetic studies were carried out with individual isomers of octenes and their mixtures toward oligomerization. Subsequently, analyses of the structural properties of the final oligomerized and hydrogenated products were undertaken.
On the Formation of Intrinsic Defects in 4H-SiC by High Temperature Annealing Steps (2012)

In this paper the impact of high temperature annealing on the formation of intrinsic defects in 4H-SiC such as Z 1/2 and EH 6/7 was examined. Therefore, three epitaxial layers with various initial concentrations of the Z 1/2 - and EH 6/7 -centers (10 11 – 10 13 cm -3 ) were investigated. It turns out that depending on the initial defect concentration the high temperature annealing leads to a monotone increase of the Z 1/2 - and EH 6/7 -concentration in a temperature range from 1600 to 1750°C. For a defined temperature above these values, the resulting defect concentration is independent of the sample’s initial values. Beside the growth conditions themselves such as C/Si ratio the thermal post-growth processing has a severe impact on the carrier lifetime which must be taken into account during device fabrication.
In-plane mutual wavelength locking of photonic crystal lasers (2016)

In-plane mutual wavelength locking phenomena of photonic crystal lasers are investigated by simultaneously driving spatially separated areas. Even though each area has a slightly different wavelength, single mode lasing can be achieved during simultaneous operation. Such locking behavior becomes the basis for large-area single mode operation of photonic crystal lasers.
Étude cristallographique de trimétaphosphates hexagonaux du type MII NH4 (PO3)3 (MII = Zn, Co, Ca, Cd, Mg, Mn). Étude d'un cycle P3O9 dans un sel de potassium isomorphe : Mg K (PO3)3 (1967)

On décrit six nouveaux trimétaphosphates du type M'' NH₄ (PO₃)₃ isomorphes de la bénitoïte. Les caractéristiques du cycle P₃O₉, dans ce type de structure, ont été précisées en utilisant un sel de potassium isomorphe des composés décrits : MgK (PO₃)₃.
An <i>in vitro</i> model of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: oxidation of unconjugated bilirubin by cytochrome oxidase (2007)

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is a stroke subtype with high rates of mortality and morbidity. Cerebral vasospasm can lead to ischemic injury or death and is a common complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, usually occurring 3-9 days afterwards. The cause of vasospasm is not known. Recently, there has been strong evidence that vasoactive oxidation products of bilirubin may be involved. Currently, the factors that lead to bilirubin oxidation are poorly characterized. In this study, we have designed an in vitro model of hemorrhagic stroke in order to investigate conditions that promote the oxidation of bilirubin to form vasoactive compounds. Using our model, we created a basic hematoma system of blood, CSF, and hemeoxygenase-1. We manipulated this system in various ways, incubated it and determined the concentration of vasoactive bilirubin oxidation products that resulted. Conditions where cytochrome oxidase was stimulated caused an increase bilirubin oxidation products (292.6 +/- 39.9 micromol/L respectively, vs. 79.3 +/- 1.3 micromol/L for the basic reaction, p < 0.05), which was attenuated by cyanide. Our data suggest that bilirubin oxidation products may be produced by oxidation(s) requiring an oxygen-utilizing enzyme like cytochrome oxidase.
Diabetes and Alzheimer Disease, Two Overlapping Pathologies with the Same Background: Oxidative Stress (2015)

There are several oxidative stress-related pathways interconnecting Alzheimer's disease and type II diabetes, two public health problems worldwide. Coincidences are so compelling that it is attractive to speculate they are the same disorder. However, some pathological mechanisms as observed in diabetes are not necessarily the same mechanisms related to Alzheimer's or the only ones related to Alzheimer's pathology. Oxidative stress is inherent to Alzheimer's and feeds a vicious cycle with other key pathological features, such as inflammation and Ca(2+) dysregulation. Alzheimer's pathology by itself may lead to insulin resistance in brain, insulin resistance being an intervening variable in the neurodegenerative disorder. Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance from diabetes, overlapping with the Alzheimer's pathology, aggravate the progression of the neurodegenerative processes, indeed. But the same pathophysiological background is behind the consequences, oxidative stress. We emphasize oxidative stress and its detrimental role in some key regulatory enzymes.
ChemInform Abstract: New Insights into the Mechanism of Phenolic Oxidation with Phenyliodonium(III) Reagents. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Comparison of PCR and culture to the indirect fluorescent-antibody test for diagnosis of Potomac horse fever (1997)

Potomac horse fever is an acute systemic equine disease caused by Ehrlichia risticii. Currently, serologic methods are widely used to diagnose this disease. However, serologic methods cannot determine whether the horse is presently infected or has been exposed to ehrlichial antigens in the past. The purpose of the present study was to compare the sensitivities of the nested PCR and cell culture with that of the indirect fluorescent-antibody (IFA) test for the diagnosis of Potomac horse fever. Blood and fecal specimens serially collected from a pony experimentally infected with E. risticii Maryland, blood specimens serially collected from mice inoculated with E. risticii Ohio 380, and blood and/or fecal specimens collected from 27 horses which had clinical signs compatible with Potomac horse fever were examined. These horses resided in Kentucky, Indiana, Pennsylvania, and Vermont. The IFA test titer became positive after 6 days postinoculation (p.i.) for the pony. A culture of the blood of the pony was positive for E. risticii starting on day 1 and was positive through day 28 p.i. By the nested PCR, E. risticii was detectable in the blood and feces of the pony starting on day 1 and was detectable through day 32 p.i. E. risticii was detected in the blood of subclinically infected mice by the nested PCR. Twenty-two clinical specimens were seropositive for E. risticii by the IFA test, with titers ranging from 1:20 to 1:1,280. E. risticii was cultured from 95% (20 of 21) of seropositive clinical blood specimens. E. risticii was detected in the blood by PCR in 81% (17 of 20) of the culture-positive clinical specimens. The study indicated that the nested PCR is as sensitive as culture for detecting infection with E. risticii.
1800: Ultrasonic Multifeature Tissue Characterization for Prostate Cancer Diagnostics (2004)

You have accessJournal of UrologyDiscussed Poster, Wednesday, May 12, 2004, 8:00 am - 12:00 pm1 Apr 20041800: Ultrasonic Multifeature Tissue Characterization for Prostate Cancer Diagnostics Katharina König, Jürgen Pannek, Ulrich Scheipers, Helmut Ermert, Statis Phillippou, Joachim Noldus, and Theodor Senge Katharina KönigKatharina König More articles by this author , Jürgen PannekJürgen Pannek More articles by this author , Ulrich ScheipersUlrich Scheipers More articles by this author , Helmut ErmertHelmut Ermert More articles by this author , Statis PhillippouStatis Phillippou More articles by this author , Joachim NoldusJoachim Noldus More articles by this author , and Theodor SengeTheodor Senge More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)38992-4AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "1800: Ultrasonic Multifeature Tissue Characterization for Prostate Cancer Diagnostics." The Journal of Urology, 171(4S), p. 476 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 171Issue 4SApril 2004Page: 476 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Katharina König More articles by this author Jürgen Pannek More articles by this author Ulrich Scheipers More articles by this author Helmut Ermert More articles by this author Statis Phillippou More articles by this author Joachim Noldus More articles by this author Theodor Senge More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Design of an Autonomous Racecar: Perception, State Estimation and System Integration (2018)

This paper introduces fl\uela driverless: the first autonomous racecar to win a Formula Student Driverless competition. In this competition, among other challenges, an autonomous racecar is tasked to complete 10 laps of a previously unknown racetrack as fast as possible and using only onboard sensing and computing. The key components of fl\uela's design are its modular redundant sub-systems that allow robust performance despite challenging perceptual conditions or partial system failures. The paper presents the integration of key components of our autonomous racecar, i.e., system design, EKF-based state estimation, LiDAR-based perception, and particle filter-based SLAM. We perform an extensive experimental evaluation on real-world data, demonstrating the system's effectiveness by outperforming the next-best ranking team by almost half the time required to finish a lap. The autonomous racecar reaches lateral and longitudinal accelerations comparable to those achieved by experienced human drivers.
Mild hypothermia reduces infarct size resulting from temporary but not permanent focal ischemia in rats. (1992)

Benefits from mild hypothermia may be obtained under conditions of temporary but not permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat.
Direct renin inhibitor, aliskiren, attenuates the progression of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis in the rat model (2013)

Because DRI is already widely used in the clinical practice with safety, this drug may represent a potential new strategy against the progression of NASH in the future.
1985 SAE Congress on the intact core of full-cone sprays (1985)

A voltage was applied between the nozzle unit and fine needles, rods, and screens inserted at various axial and radial positions into atomizing full-cone water sprays and the corresponding electrical resistance was measured in an attempt to determine the shape and length of the intact liquid core. The parameters of the experiment were: room temperature; air compressed at 0.1, 1.0, and 2.9 MPa; injection ..delta..p = 13.7 MPa; and five straight-hole nozzles with diameters of 127, 178, 305, 343, and 508 ..mu..m, and the same length-to-diameter ratio of 4. The results show that current is carried not only by intact liquid cores but also by atomized unconnected sprays and even across such sprays. Thus the shape of the intact core could be reduced only in the vicinity of the nozzle exit. In the atomization regime, the length of the intact core is found to be proportional to the nozzle diameter and to increase as the square root of the liquid-to-gas density ratio, i.e. x/sub 1/ = Cd(rho/sub pounds/rho/sub g/)/sup 1/2/ where c = 7. 9 figs.
<sup>13</sup>C CP MAS NMR of halogenated (Cl, Br, I) pharmaceuticals at ultrahigh magnetic fields (2009)

This work reports significantly improved spectral resolution of (13)C CP MAS NMR spectra of chlorinated, brominated and iodinated solid organic compounds when such spectra are recorded at ultrahigh magnetic field strengths. The cause of this is the residual dipolar coupling between carbon atoms and quadrupolar halogen nuclides (chlorine-35/37, bromine-79/81 or iodine-127), an effect inversely proportional to the magnetic field strength which declines in importance markedly at 21.1 T as compared to lower fields. In favorable cases, the fine structure observed can be used for spectral assignment, e.g. for Cl-substituted aromatics where the substituted carbon as well as the ortho-carbons show distinct doublets. The experimental results presented are supported by theoretical modeling and calculations. The improved spectral resolution in the studied systems and similar halogenated materials will be of particular interest and importance for polymorph identification, drug discovery and quality control in the pharmaceutical industry.
Inflammation and Infection in the Etiology of Prostate Cancer (2015)

The role of infection and inflammation in the etiology of prostate cancer (PCa) is not entirely clear. Some evidence indicates that there are inflammatory lesions associated with PCa, which also correlate with prognosis. However, inflammation itself on biopsy does not always correlate with PCa. There are mechanisms to explain why inflammation could contribute to PCa, and some inflammatory genes that may be important. Evidence for specific inflammatory biomarkers is limited. The role of diet, and infection are not certain. The relationship of inflammation, and perhaps infection, likely involves inciting events in genetically susceptible people, influenced by their environment, to contribute to the development of PCa.
Adiponectin, a Fat Cell Product, Influences the Earliest Lymphocyte Precursors in Bone Marrow Cultures by Activation of the Cyclooxygenase-Prostaglandin Pathway in Stromal Cells (2003)

Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, is attracting considerable interest as a potential drug for diabetes and obesity. Originally cloned from human s.c. fat, the protein is also found in bone marrow fat cells and has an inhibitory effect on adipocyte differentiation. The aim of the present study is to explore possible influences on lymphohematopoiesis. Recombinant adiponectin strongly inhibited B lymphopoiesis in long-term bone marrow cultures, but only when stromal cells were present and only when cultures were initiated with the earliest category of lymphocyte precursors. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors abrogated the response of early lymphoid progenitors to adiponectin in stromal cell-containing cultures. Furthermore, PGE(2), a major product of cyclooxygenase-2 activity, had a direct inhibitory influence on purified hematopoietic cells, suggesting a possible mechanism of adiponectin action in culture. In contrast to lymphopoiesis, myelopoiesis was slightly enhanced in adiponectin-treated bone marrow cultures, and even when cultures were initiated with single lymphomyeloid progenitors. Finally, human B lymphopoiesis was also sensitive to adiponectin in stromal cell cocultures. These results suggest that adiponectin can negatively and selectively influence lymphopoiesis through induction of PG synthesis. They also indicate ways that adipocytes in bone marrow can contribute to regulation of blood cell formation.
Social färdighetsträning i rehabilitering av schizofrena patienter (1980)

Abstract Ett program för social rehabilitering av patienter med diagnosen schizofreni presenteras. Programmet består av olika gruppaktiviteter och målsättningen är att successivt slussa ut patienterna till ett själv-ständigt, “normalt” liv. En av delarna i programmet, Social Färdighets-träning (SFT), beskrivs mera detaljerat och data från en pilotstudie av vilka effekter denna behandlingsform har presenteras.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF A SYSTEMATIC SERIES OF LOW LENGTH-BEAM RATIO, HIGH BLOCK COEFFICIENT MERCHANT SHIP FORMS (1973)

An experimental investigation was carried out with a systematic series of low length-beam ratio, high block coefficient merchant ship forms to provide fundamental hydrodynamic data primarily applicable to design and economic studies of large, bulk carrier ship types. A suitable parent and system for generating offspring forms was developed based on the premise of attaining good hydrodynamic characteristics while satisfying practical design requirements for single-screw ships at the extremes of the hull proportion range covered. Eight 18 to 26-foot models were constructed to represent the following hull variations: longitudinal center of buoyancy between 2.5 and 3.5 percent forward of midships with constant length-beam ratio of 5.5, block coefficient of 0.875 and beam-draft ratio of 3.0; length-beam ratio between 5.5 and 6.5 with constant block coefficient of 0.875, beam-draft ratio of 3.0, and longitudinal center of buoyancy position of 2.5 percent; and length-beam ratio between 4.5 and 5.5 with constant block coefficient of 0.85, beam-draft ratio of 3.0, and longitudinal center of buoyancy position of 2.5 percent forward of midships. Models were also constructed to represent variations of: diameter and length of horizontal cylindrical bow-bulbs, rudder size, and propeller diameter. The experimental program consisted of planar-motion- mechanism tests to determine stability and control characteristics in addition to the standard resistance and propulsion tests normally conducted for most modern methodical series. The resulting experimental data are presented mainly in the form of nondimensional design charts suitable for application to a wide range of ship sizes. In addition, merit comparisons of various performance characteristics are made and discussed on basis of standard-ship prototypes having equal full-load displacements of 350,000 tons. Test data for individual models as well as detailed descriptions of test apparatus, techniques, and procedures used are presented in the appendixes.
New directions in the creation of upper extremity (UE) robotic rehabilitation devices for stroke patients (2008)

On reviewing products and literature in recent UE rehabilitation engineering research, one finds significant differences in the directions that rehabilitation engineering is adopting and that which clinical practice is advocating.

Combining a study of current practices in robotic device development for the hand, clinical practice for stroke, biological mechanisms and natural movement, an attempt has been made to re-align the thinking on UE Orthosis development.

In this paper we propose new directions which have been adopted by us to bridge this gap, with respect to UE Orthosis. Preliminary study with some of these often neglected design considerations are then presented as a low cost, versatile, and simple option that may help to keep the patient motivated to continue UE therapy.

Three new directions discussed in this paper are:

1. Making robotic therapy more collaborative by encouraging more HMHI (Human Machine Human Interaction) rather than just HMI (Human Machine Interface).

2. Using other natural positions during UE motor re-learning rather than only sitting.

3. Giving patients a menu of triggers to choose from and adapt, rather than single or fixed triggers.

Description of preliminary experiments have been discussed.
Numerische Analyse aperturgekoppelter Streifenleitungsantennen mit MAFIA (1998)

Microstrip and planar antennas are widely used in the field of mobile communication and radar applications. For an accurate calculation of the antenna properties efficient numerical techniques are used. These are very valuable design tools. An aperture coupled microstrip antenna for applications in the X-Band (9.6 GHz) is simulated by means of MAFIA using the FIT-Algorithm (Finite Integration Technique). The results are compared with a simulation based on a combination of the integral equation method and the method of moments. The simulation results show very good agreement both with measurements of the reflection coefficient and the farfield of the antenna, and with results from the combined method of integral equation and method of moments.
A method of eliminating oscillations in high-speed recursive digital filters (1997)

A dynamic scaling (DS) method is proposed as a cost-effective means of eliminating overflow and limit cycle oscillations in fixed-point direct-form recursive filters. It is implemented by adding a DS unit to a fixed-point on-line module without modifying the latter. On-line modules consume inputs and produce output digits serially, most significant digit first. The DS method introduces a shared exponent into the fixed-point computation at reasonable cost. Implementation in a 1.5 /spl mu/ gate array shows that the DS method is twice as cost effective as the previously known precision extension method. The need for scaling between filter sections is also eliminated.
Behavioural concern modelling for software change tasks (2003)

Many modification tasks on an existing software system result in changes to code that crosscuts the system's structure. Making these changes is difficult because a developer must understand large parts of the system, and must reason about how the modification will interact with the existing behaviour. Typically, developers make these kinds of changes using an ad-hoc approach with tools that help in gaining some understanding of the existing system, but that do not provide any specific support for reasoning about, implementing, or analyzing just that part of the system related to the modification. We present the behavioural concern modelling (BCM) approach and tool that provide direct support for a systematic approach to modification tasks. This approach enables a developer to create a partial, abstract, grounded behavioural model of a concern(s). By grounded, we mean that the relationship between the model and the code is explicit: A developer describes which code contributes to which parts of the model. The examples we describe use a finite state machine as a model. We show how the approach can help a developer capture a concern, reason about design options, and implement modifications.