gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diversity Coloring for Distributed Storage in Mobile Networks (2001)

Abstract: Storing multiple copies of files is crucial for ensuring quality of service for data storage in mobile networks. This paper proposes a new scheme, called the K-out-of-N file distribution scheme, for the placement of files. In this scheme files are splitted, and Reed-Solomon codes or other maximum distance seperable (MDS) codes are used to produce file segments containing parity information. Multiple copies of the file segments are stored on gateways in the network in such a way that every gateway can retrieve enough file segments from itself and its neighbors within a certain amount of hops for reconstructing the orginal files. The goal is to minimize the maximum number of hops it takes for any gateway to get enough file segments for the file reconstruction. We formulate the K-out-of-N file distribution scheme as a coloring problem we call diversity coloring. A diversity coloring is defined to be optimal if it uses the smallest number of colors. Upper and lower bounds on the performance of diversity coloring for general graphs are studied. Diversity coloring algorithms for several special classes of graphs—trees, rings and tori—are presented, all of which have linear time complexity. Both the algorithm for trees and the algorithm for rings output optimal diversity colorings. The algorithm for tori guarantees to output optimal diversity coloring when the sizes of tori are sufficiently large. Index Terms: Data storage, diversity coloring, file assignment problem (FAP), graph coloring, K-out-of-N scheme, maximum distance seperable (MDS) codes, mobile computing, Quality of Service
ReactNMR and ReactIR as Reaction Monitoring and Mechanistic Elucidation Tools: The NCS Mediated Cascade Reaction of α-Thioamides to α-Thio-β-chloroacrylamides (2011)

On-flow ReactIR and (1)H NMR reaction monitoring, coupled with in situ intermediate characterization, was used to aid in the mechanistic elucidation of the N-chlorosuccinimide mediated transformation of an α-thioamide. Multiple intermediates in this reaction cascade are identified and characterized, and in particular, spectroscopic evidence for the intermediacy of the chlorosulfonium ion in the chlorination of α-thioamides is provided. Further to this, solvent effects on the outcome of the transformation are discussed. This work also demonstrates the utility of using a combination of ReactIR and flow NMR reaction monitoring (ReactNMR) for characterizing complex multicomponent reaction mixtures.
Role for Neurokinin-2 Receptor in Interleukin-5-induced Airway Hyperresponsiveness but not Eosinophilia in Guinea Pigs (1997)

In the guinea pig, interleukin-5 (IL-5) has been shown to induce airway hyperresponsiveness as well as eosinophilia, which are important symptoms in asthma. IL-5 seems to be a critical cytokine since it selectively affects eosinophil functions. The mechanism of action by which IL-5 leads to airway hyperresponsiveness may be important for our understanding of the pathogenesis of asthma. Neurogenic inflammation, which is mediated by nonadrenergic noncholinergic nerves (NANC), may play a role in the IL-5-induced effects in guinea pig airways. In this study, the role of neuropeptides in the IL-5-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and eosinophilia in the guinea pig was examined using selective neurokinin receptor antagonists. Intra-airway application of IL-5 (1 microgram, twice) induces a selective eosinophil migration (control: 12 [8-22] x 10(5) cells and IL-5: 90 [67-187] x 10(5) cells, p < 0.05) and activation (control: 6.3 +/- 0.9 ng eosinophil peroxidase [EPO]/ml bronchoalveolar lavage [BAL] fluid and IL-5: 29.3 +/- 4.9 ng EPO/ml BAL fluid, p < 0.05) and a pronounced airway hyperresponsiveness in vivo. The maximal responses to histamine are increased by 160 +/- 16% (p < 0.05) after IL-5. Treatment of guinea pigs with either the nonselective neurokinin (NK)-receptor antagonist, FK224, or the selective NK2-receptor antagonist, SR48968, results in a complete inhibition of the in vivo hyperresponsiveness found after application of IL-5. Vice versa, intra-airway administration of substance P (10 micrograms, twice) results in an airway hyperresponsiveness (increased maximal response after substance P: 166 +/- 15% [p < 0.05]) without inducing migration or activation of eosinophils. All examined NK-receptor antagonists do not influence the IL-5-induced eosinophil accumulation. In addition, no effect of the NK-receptor antagonists is observed on the IL-5-induced eosinophil activation, as determined by BAL fluid EPO levels. The release of NK2-receptor active tachykinins plays an important role in the development of IL-5-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. This feature appears to be a step following eosinophil infiltration and activation since there are no effects on eosinophil function by pretreatment of the used NK-receptor antagonists.
Virulence Factor of Potato Virus Y, Genome-attached Terminal Protein VPg, Is a Highly Disordered Protein (2007)

Potato virus Y (PVY) is a common potyvirus of agricultural importance, belonging to the picornavirus superfamily of RNA plus-stranded viruses. A covalently linked virus-encoded protein VPg required for virus infectivity is situated at the 5' end of potyvirus RNA. VPg seems to be involved in multiple interactions, both with other viral products and host proteins. VPgs of potyviruses have no known homologs, and there is no atomic structure available. To understand the molecular basis of VPg multifunctionality, we have analyzed structural features of VPg from PVY using structure prediction programs, functional assays, and biochemical and biophysical analyses. Structure predictions suggest that VPg exists in a natively unfolded conformation. In contrast with ordered proteins, PVY VPg is not denatured by elevated temperatures, has sedimentation values incompatible with a compact globular form, and shows a CD spectrum of a highly disordered protein, and HET-HETSOFAST NMR analysis suggests the presence of large unstructured regions. Although VPg has a propensity to form dimers, no functional differences were seen between the monomer and dimer. These data strongly suggest that the VPg of PVY should be classified among intrinsically disordered proteins. Intrinsic disorder lies at the basis of VPg multifunctionality, which is necessary for virus survival in the host.
An intelligent remote monitoring solution for the international space station (2004)

In this paper, Qualtech Systems, Inc. and Honeywell Space Systems present their experience and actual results from the development of a remote monitoring solution for International Space Station (ISS) diagnostics & health management. The solution was modeled and integrated into a prototype demonstration for Mission Control Center (MCC) at Johnson Space Center in Houston. The system continuously monitored simulated ISS telemetry data, generated test results from that data, and processed the test results through a model-based reasoner. The system is expected to dramatically improve fault isolation and facilitate discrimination of the root cause from Caution & Warnings and sensor data. Currently, this analysis is performed manually by mission controllers. The automation of this health management function will result in rapid, accurate, and consistent diagnosis. Several issues will be discussed including temporal effects, synchronizing testing & reasoning (models), testing dependencies (where test results may be invalid due to faults), and telemetry drop-outs (when some or all telemetry data is not available). The paper will describe the actual modeling process used and give examples of the cause-effect failure space models with insight into the run-time reasoning method extracted directly from these models. The MCC demonstration scenarios will be described and the actual results from the reasoner will be shown along with a discussion of the demonstrated performance (speed/accuracy). Finally, the paper describes the expectations and scenarios for MCC deployment and application - the vision for how the system will be used to support day to day ISS operations and maintenance.
Application of spin trapping technique to radical polymerization, 14. Initiation reaction of vinyl monomers with the <i>tert</i>‐butoxyl radical and evaluation of monomer reactivities (1977)

Abstract The initiation of various vinyl monomers with tert ‐butoxyl radicals derived from the decomposition of di‐ tert ‐butyl peroxalate (DBPOX) was investigated by using the spin trapping technique with 2‐methyl‐2‐nitrosopropane (BNO), to detect and identify the intermediate radical species, and to evaluate the monomer reactivities toward the tert ‐butoxyl radical. When the reaction of DBPOX with vinyl monomers, which have no α‐methyl group (CH 2 CH(X)), was carried out in the presence of BNO at room temperature, the propagating radical 1 ((H 3 C) 3 COCH 2 CHX) was trapped as its nitroxyl radical. However, in the cases of using α‐methylvinyl monomers (CH 2 CH(X)CH 3 ), such as methyl methacrylate and methacrylonitrile, two kinds of radicals, 6 ((H 3 C) 3 COCH 2 C(X)(CH 3 ), similar to 1 ) and 8 (CH 2 CH(X)CH 2 ), were trapped as corresponding nitroxyl radicals. The coupling constants of the nitroxyls obtained from 1 and 6 were determined and discussed on the basis of their structure. When these reactions were performed in a reference solvent, p ‐xylene, the above radicals, 1 (or 6 ) and/or 8 , together with the p ‐tolylmethyl radical ( 2 ), were trapped as their nitroxyls. From the ESR peak areas the relative reactivities of vinyl monomers toward the tert ‐butoxyl radical were evaluated and found to depend not only on the polar nature, but also on the resonance effect of the substituents. In α‐methylvinyl monomers such as methyl methacrylate, the hydrogen‐abstraction from the α‐methyl group by the tert ‐butoxyl radical was important.
Sticking with a Winning Team: Better Neighbour Selection for Conversational Collaborative Recommendation (2007)

Abstract. Conversational recommender systems have recently emerged as useful alternative strategies to their single-shot counterpart, especially given their ability to expose a user’s current preferences. These systems use conversational feedback to hone in on the most suitable item for recommendation by improving the mechanism that finds useful collaborators. We propose a novel architecture for performing recommendation that incorporates information about the individual performance of neighbours during a recommendation session, into the neighbour retrieval mechanism. We present our architecture and a set of preliminary evaluation results that suggest there is some merit to our approach. We examine these results and discuss what they mean for future research. 1
<title>Study of a 25-m telescope for optical wavelengths</title> (1994)

A study of a 25 m class telescope is presented. The scientific case is described together with imaging and spectroscopy aspects. Spectroscopy is found possible also at high resolution with the telescope proposed. Light efficiency and mirror coating are discussed. The optical design and corresponding performance requirements are presented. With a spherical segmented f/0.9 primary mirror and an exit focal ratio of f/2.86, an on-axis four mirror system with segmented primary and quaternary mirrors is found optimal. It gives an image quality of 0.27 arcsec FWHM over a field of 90 arcsec. Mechanical design is based on a tripod configuration similar to those of radio telescopes. The alignment system proposed is discussed. Total alignment is divided into three main sub-tasks. First, low frequency alignment is established using a slow wavefront sensor. Second, a high frequency alignment is maintained with an internal laser measurement system. Third, a high frequency correction for wavefront tilt errors is made with a correlation tracker. The enclosure is co-rotating with two sections sliding apart for observations. It has adjustable wind screens and double skin panels with internal air circulation. Control facilities are installed in a thermal jacket and the observing floor is cooled.
Low-temperature plasma deposition of dielectric coatings from organosilicon precursors (1999)

Silicon dioxide coatings have been grown with deposition rates up to 0.7 μm/min and substrate temperatures from 80 to 140 °C in a high-density microwave electron cyclotron resonance discharge. The deposition precursors were tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO), and hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (HMCTSO), with oxygen as an additive gas. The O2/precursor flow ratios ranged from 2:1 to 8:1 and the total gas pressure prior to plasma ignition was 1–10 mTorr. The deposited films for all precursors were hard, colorless, and transparent. Maximum deposition growth rates were 0.25 μm/min for TEOS, 0.65 μm/min for HMDSO, and 0.68 μm/min for HMCTSO; final film thicknesses were 3–10 μm. Deposition growth rates increased with increasing precursor gas flow, increasing input power, and decreasing O2/precursor flow ratio. The coatings exhibit Si–O elemental bonding with a small Si–CH3 component. The oxygen-to-silicon ratios are approximately 2:1 with some incorporated carbon.
Effect of diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin on endothelin-1 and blood pressure in acute ischemic stroke in man (1998)

Infusion of DCLHb in patients with acute ischemic stroke was associated with a dose-dependent increase in plasma endothelin-1 concentration. This may underlie the attenuation by DCLHb of the natural decrease in blood pressure that we observed in these patients.
An experimental investigation of the internal magnetic field topography of an operating Hall thruster (2002)

Magnetic field measurements were made in the discharge channel of the 5 kW-class P5 laboratory-model Hall thruster to investigate what effect the Hall current has on the static, applied magnetic field topography. The P5 was operated at 1.6 and 3.0 kW with a discharge voltage of 300 V. A miniature inductive loop probe (B-Dot probe) was employed to measure the radial magnetic field profile inside the discharge channel of the P5 with and without the plasma discharge. These measurements are accomplished with minimal disturbance to thruster operation with the High-speed Axial Reciprocating Probe system. The results of the B-Dot probe measurements indicate a change in the magnetic field topography from that of the vacuum field measurements. The measured magnetic field profiles are then examined to determine the possible nature and source of the difference between the vacuum and plasma magnetic field profiles.
Sensitive Reactions and Afterimage Variegation (1974)

Summary A group of 38 severe anxiety patients and a group of 36 acute schizophrenic patients produced series of afterimages (AIs) of a simple, red stimulus. It was predicted that projective tendencies in these patients would be revealed by lack of stable congruence between AI color and stimulus. Symptoms of sensitivity together with results from the MCT (Meta-Contrast Technique) served as criteria in the anxiety group and symptoms of paranoia in the schizophrenic group. The hypothesis was affirmed: despite the unicolored stimulation, sensitive and paranoid subjects tended to report variegated A1s or A1s shifting from one color to another. It was concluded that, in case this plastic type of perception remains more or less permanent, it would serve as a fruitful breeding-ground for projective defenses.
G0300901 Mechanical Surface Treatment of Duralumin by Laser Cavitation (2015)

Pulse laser produces two kinds of shock wave related to laser abrasion and bubble collapse. In the case of laser peening, the shock wave induced by laser abrasion in water was normally used. However, the shock wave induced bubble collapse can be also used for the mechanical surface treatment. In the present paper, it was revealed that the noise corresponding to the shock wave by bubble collapse produced by pulse laser was stronger than that of laser abrasion and we demonstrated that the pulse laser at the present condition can be applied for the mechanical surface treatment.
Agressão psicológica através dos Mass Média – Crime Público (2006)

In this work, we present a hypothesis: in the future, constant psychological aggressions towards an individual through mass media will be considered a public crime in Portugal.Law, Ethics and Social Psychology of Mass Communication explain this idea.
ChemInform Abstract: DIRECT CONDENSATION OF (HYDROXY(TOSYLOXY)IODO)ARENES WITH THIOPHENES. A CONVENIENT, MILD SYNTHESIS OF ARYL(2‐THIENYL)IODONIUM TOSYLATES (1985)

Abstract Hydroxy‐tosyloxyiod‐benzole (I) kondensieren mit den Thiophenen (II) zu den Iodonium‐Salzen (III), die mikrobiozide Eigenschaften besitzen.
Study of Advanced Electronic Applications to Aeronautical Display and Control Problems (1969)

Advanced electronic applications to navigation, data transmission, and airborne collision avoidance in general aviation aircraft and to simulated displays for low visibility landing
Sculpting neurotransmission during synaptic development by 2D nanostructured interfaces (2017)

Carbon nanotube-based biomaterials critically contribute to the design of many prosthetic devices, with a particular impact in the development of bioelectronics components for novel neural interfaces. These nanomaterials combine excellent physical and chemical properties with peculiar nanostructured topography, thought to be crucial to their integration with neural tissue as long-term implants. The junction between carbon nanotubes and neural tissue can be particularly worthy of scientific attention and has been reported to significantly impact synapse construction in cultured neuronal networks. In this framework, the interaction of 2D carbon nanotube platforms with biological membranes is of paramount importance. Here we study carbon nanotube ability to interfere with lipid membrane structure and dynamics in cultured hippocampal neurons. While excluding that carbon nanotubes alter the homeostasis of neuronal membrane lipids, in particular cholesterol, we document in aged cultures an unprecedented functional integration between carbon nanotubes and the physiological maturation of the synaptic circuits.
Effect of amoxicillin-clavulanate and cephradine on the fecal flora of healthy volunteers not exposed to a hospital environment (1986)

A 7-day course of either cephradine or amoxicillin-clavulanate treatment caused no significant change in fecal flora composition, except that staphylococci were virtually eliminated in both groups. Some amoxicillin-resistant coliforms were isolated after treatment in both groups, but cephradine- or amoxicillin-clavulanate-resistant coliforms were rarely isolated.
The effect of p-layers deposited under varying conditions on hydrogenated amorphous silicon p-i-n homojunction solar cell performance (2002)

Substrate temperature and doping gas ratios are used to vary the boron and hydrogen content of p-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H). The effects of the doping gas ratio (B/sub 2/H/sub 6/:SiH/sub 4/) and substrate temperature have been studied and conditions were used such as to give optical gaps and dark conductivity activation energies which changed by as much as 0.3 eV while the difference between them remained unchanged. The effects of changes in the absorption coefficient and activation energy on p-i-n solar cell device characteristics are quantified by comparing the measured thin film properties with the collection efficiencies and dark and light current-voltage characteristics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bioassay Results in Field Persistence of Two Pink Bollworm Parasitic Nematodes (1995)

Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) and S. riobravis Cabanillas, Poinar and Raulston applied in the field at the rate of 1 billion nematodes /acre equivalent persisted in the soil for 63 and 6 days, respectively. Persistence of S. riobravis in the field may offer the potential for introduction and permanent establishment of this nematode for pink bollworm (PBW), Pectinophora gossvpiella (Saunders), control in southwestern cotton growing areas.
The First Interlaced Continuum Robot, Devised to Intrinsically Follow the Leader (2016)

Flexible probes that are safely deployed to hard-to-reach targets while avoiding critical structures are strategic in several high-impact application fields, including the biomedical sector and the sector of inspections at large. A critical problem for these tools is the best approach for deploying an entire tool body, not only its tip, on a sought trajectory. A probe that achieves this deployment is considered to follow the leader (or to achieve follow-the-leader deployment) because its body sections follow the track traced by its tip. Follow-the-leader deployment through cavities is complicated due to a lack of external supports. Currently, no definitive implementation for a probe that is intrinsically able to follow the leader, i.e., without relying on external supports, has been achieved. In this paper, we present a completely new device, namely the first interlaced continuum robot, devised to intrinsically follow the leader. We developed the interlaced configuration by pursuing a conceptual approach irrespective of application-specific constraints and assuming two flexible tools with controllable stiffness. We questioned the possibility of solving the previously mentioned deployment problem by harnessing probe symmetry during the design process. This study examines the entire development of the novel interlaced probe: model-based conceptual design, detailed design and prototyping, and preliminary experimental assessment. Our probe can build a track with a radius of curvature that is as small as twice the probe diameter, which enables it to outperform state-of-the-art tools that are aimed at follow-the-leader deployment. Despite the limitations that are inherently associated with its original character, this study provides a prototypical approach to the design of interlaced continuum systems and demonstrates the first interlaced continuum probe, which is intrinsically able to follow the leader.