gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Additive fuzzy enhancement and an associative memory for feature tracking in radiation therapy images (2002)

Medical images in radiation therapy, especially electronic portal images, are often very poor in quality because of imaging physics. For a reliable patient set-up verification by tracking of relevant features, better in-treatment images are necessary. In this work, we present the prototype of an additive fuzzy system for a locally adaptive image enhancement and a modified associative memory for image restoration. Using a-priori knowledge and the advantages of this hybrid neural-fuzzy system, a much better quality for the in-treatment image can be achieved.
Lithium–air and lithium–copper batteries based on a polymer stabilized interface between two immiscible electrolytic solutions (ITIES) (2012)

We propose and demonstrate the direct application of immiscible aqueous/organic interfaces in lithium–air and lithium–copper batteries. Therefore, the two half-reactions are separated in their respectively favourable electrolytic environments without using any other membranes. In order to prevent water and oxygen from interrupting the reaction in organic phases, we add poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) to propylene carbonate (PC) and investigate its concentration effects using Pt ultramicroelectrodes (UMEs). Pt UMEs provide us the sensitive measure of water contamination as well as the diffusion property of oxygen in the polymer electrolytes. By studying the discharge profiles under various electrolytic conditions, we demonstrate that these batteries are of longer discharge time and higher specific capacity when the polymer electrolyte contains about 10 to 20% of PMMA.
Cycle time reduction in crankshaft pin grinding (2002)

\n\t\t\t\t\tCrankshaft pin grinding was a bottleneck operation at an Australian automotive manufacturing company. A novel technique to reduce the cycle time and optimize the process was developed at the plant. A GCM (Grinding cycle Monitor) was used to optimize each crankshaft pin, and then the full cycle on each of the crankshaft pin grinding machines was optimized. The technique developed is suited for an Industrial environment and removes the expert skill usually required for optimizing the crankshaft pin grinding process. The optimized process resulted in a reduction in cycle time and grinding wheel consumption without any deterioration in the surface finish.\n\t\t\t\t
Lab on a Chip: Scandinavia (2012)

A graphical abstract is available for this content
Bone marrow fibrosis in myelodysplastic syndromes: a prospective evaluation including mutational analysis (2016)

The biological and molecular events that underlie bone marrow fibrosis in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes are poorly understood, and its prognostic role in the era of the Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) is not yet fully determined. We have evaluated the clinical and biological events that underlie bone marrow fibrotic changes, as well as its prognostic role, in a well-characterized prospective patient cohort (n=77) of primary MDS patients. The degree of marrow fibrosis was linked to parameters of erythropoietic failure, marrow cellularity, p53 protein accumulation, WT1 gene expression, and serum levels of CXCL9 and CXCL10, but not to other covariates including the IPSS-R score. The presence of bone marrow fibrosis grade 2 or higher was associated with the presence of mutations in cohesin complex genes (31.5% vs. 5.4%, p=0.006). By contrast, mutations in CALR, JAK2, PDGFRA, PDGFRB,and TP53 were very rare. Survival analysis showed that marrow fibrosis grade 2 or higher was a relevant significant predictor for of overall survival, and independent of age, performance status, and IPSS-R score in multivariate analysis.
Nuclear-Mitochondrial Barcoding Exposes the Global Pest Western Flower Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) as Two Sympatric Cryptic Species in Its Native California (2010)

Over the past three decades, Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), has become a major worldwide pest of many agricultural and horticultural crops. In response, much time, money, and effort have been put into pure and applied research focusing on the biology and control of this pest. Western flower thrips is native to Western North America and widespread in California. High levels of variation in basic biology, pest status, and resistance to insecticides bring into question the specific status of Western flower thrips. We used nuclear-mitochondrial barcoding to compare DNA sequences of nuclear and mitochondrial genes between Western flower thrips populations across California, looking for association between these unlinked loci. Sequences of D2 domain of 28S and cytochrome c oxidase I gene revealed the existence of two distinct but sympatric genetic entities, and we describe a simple polymerase chain reaction-based method for diagnosing these entities. The complete association of these nuclear and mitochondrial loci in areas of sympatry is indicative of reproductive isolation and the existence of two cryptic species, both of which key out to Western flower thrips by using morphological characters. The finding that Western flower thrips is a complex of two species has important implications for past, current, and most importantly future research on these pests.
Synthesis and Aggregation Behavior of Cyclic Single‐ and Double‐tailed Phosphate Amphiphiles: A Novel Class of Phosphate Surfactants – Comparison with the Aggregation Behavior of Sodium Di‐<i>n</i>‐Alkyl Phosphates (1997)

Abstract Herein we describe the synthesis and aggregation of the sodium salts of a series of 5‐alkyl‐2‐hydroxy‐1,3,2‐dioxaphosphorinan‐2‐ones and 5,5‐dialkyl‐2‐hydroxy‐1,3,2‐dioxaphosphorinan‐2‐ones in aqueous solution. The results are compared with properties of previously studied sodium di‐ n ‐alkyl phosphates. The single‐tailed surfactants ( 6a, b, g ) form micelles whereas the double‐tailed ones ( 6f, h–k ) form vesicles, as revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Critical micelle concentrations (CMC) for 6a, b, g were determined using different techniques: UV spectroscopy, microcalorimetry, and conductometry. Phase transition temperatures of the bilayers were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and by fluorescence depolarization. Fusion of the vesicles was studied employing the resonance energy transfer (RET) assay based on lipid mixing and TEM. Vesicles of 6h–k fuse upon addition of Ca 2+ or Mg 2+ ions, to almost the same extent in each case. Fusion only takes place above the phase transition temperature ( T c ) of the different bilayers. The threshold concentrations of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions for fusion of the different vesicles are below 0.1 m M . The initial rate of fusion is high and precludes the measurement of accurate rate constants. Upon addition of calcium chloride different processes occur. Vesicle fusion, crystallization, and formation of multilamellar sheets were observed, as was apparent from experiments with vesicles formed from 6h . Leakage through the vesicular bilayer of 6h was determined by measuring the carboxyfluorescein release from the aqueous compartment of the vesicles. All data are consistent with the notion that the alkyl chain packing in the bilayers of the vesicles formed from the cyclic phosphates is less efficient than that in the bilayers of vesicles composed of di‐ n ‐alkyl phosphates.
Focusing of particle beams using two-stage laser ablation (1989)

We report a new technique for producing focused beams of neutrals, ions, and clusters using two-stage laser ablation. We have produced a collimated beam and beams which were focused in one and two dimensions. The on-axis density is 5×1015 atoms/cm3 for a barium beam focused in two dimensions over a distance of 10.7 cm. For a collimated beam the density is 1015 atoms/cm3 at the same distance.
Mercury Content in West Coast Troll-caught Albacore Tuna (Thunnus alalunga) during the 2003 Season (2004)

Ninety-one albacore tun a ( Thunnus alalunga) captu red during the 2003 commercial fishing season were tested for mercury content in the fish muscle. Additional information such as location, weight, length, lipid and moisture content were also colle cted. The fish were harvested be tween 32.72 degrees nor th (off Southern California) and 48.30 degrees north (off the coast of British Columbia, Canada) from a period of July to November. Fish weight ranged from 3.14 to 11.62 kg and length of 50.8 – 86.36 cm. Mercury content was found to range from a low of 0.027 ug/g (ppm) to a high of 0.26 ug/g in the samples tested. The average mercury content was 0.14 ug/g which is well below the US FDA and Canadian standards (1.0 ug/g and 0.50 ug/g respectively). There was a positive correlation of length and weight of albacore with mercury content. There was no correlation with date of capture . Results indicate that West Coast troll-caught albacore have low levels of mercury in the edible flesh and are well within international safety standards for mercury levels in fish.
Preliminary Design of Remotely Used and Monitored Medication Dispenser (2006)

Physicians are often considered as the final pathway for nearly all professional decisions about the use of health resources. Yet with respect to drugs, pharmacists are in many cases the final link between the medication and the patient. This approach of medication intake can be hazardous to the patient. Several mechanical as well as automatic medication dispensers incorporating alarm and automatic opening and closing mechanisms have been developed in the past. Current automatic dispensers incorporate features such as alarms, dose missed indicators followed by the access to the next dose, and simultaneous access to medication of different types. We are developing medication dispensing methods suitable for use in remote dispensing for opioid dependent patients. These include remote patient monitoring, facial image processing, and background processing techniques for monitoring and assessing the patient
The design of exactly constrained walking robots (2014)

This paper discusses the design of legged walking robots that are exactly constrained during the stance phase of locomotion. Legged robots with a large number of actuated degrees of freedom, while allowing for the widest range of controllable foot placements, often end up with overconstrained kinematics when in contact with the ground, requiring complex redundant control schemes for effective locomotion. Exactly-constrained robots would be capable of full body mobility while avoiding the weight and complexity costs of fully actuating each joint and would also allow for simpler control schemes. We discuss the constraints and degrees of freedom of a common legged robot kinematic structure and describe strategies for removing redundant constraints. Two major design considerations — architectural singularities and the uniqueness of the ground reaction forces — are discussed along with potential solutions. Finally, a prototype exactly-constrained walking robot is presented as a validation of this design strategy.
Vasomotor response of cerebral blood vessels to dopamine and dopaminergic agonists. (1978)

The vasomotor response of dopamine and dopaminergic agonists was studies on feline isolated middle cerebral arteries in vitro and pial arterioles in situ following microapplication. The action of various inhibitors was tested to define the receptors involved. The contractile response could be blocked by alpha-receptor as well as serotonin receptor antagonists. The mode of inhibition suggested that serotonin receptors rather than alpha-adrenoceptors mediated the dopamine-induced contraction. A dose-dependent dilation could be evoked by the dopaminergic agonists on actively contracting pial arteries in vitro and by apomorphine in situ. The relative potency for the agonists together with blocking experiments indicated that the vasodilation was mediated by specific dopamine receptors.
Precipitate Crystal Structure Determination in Melt Spun Mg-1.5wt%Ca-6wt%Zn Alloy (2002)

A melt-spun Mg-1.5%wtCa-6wt%Zn alloy was analyzed by means of transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscopy. The as-solidified alloy exhibited both spherical matrix precipitates and elongated precipitates at the grain boundaries (grain-boundary films). After heat treatment, the alloy showed faceted precipitates (cuboidal shape), mostly on dislocations. It was found that the observed precipitates are the same compound, Ca2Mg6Zn3. As there was no crystallographic data for this compound in the literature, its crystal structure was investigated by comparison of experimental and simulated selected-area electron-diffraction patterns and high-resolution electron microscopy images. This study indicated that Ca2Mg6Zn3 is a trigonal compound with space group P 3 1c and lattice parameters a = 0.97 nm, c = 1.0 nm.
Lactate controls collagen gene promoter activity through pADPR (2000)

University of California-San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave., HSW 1652, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0522, USA (415) 502-1746
Regulation of Nucleolar Chromatin by B23/Nucleophosmin Jointly Depends upon Its RNA Binding Activity and Transcription Factor UBF (2010)

Histone chaperones regulate the density of incorporated histone proteins around DNA transcription sites and therefore constitute an important site-specific regulatory mechanism for the control of gene expression. At present, the targeting mechanism conferring this site specificity is unknown. We previously reported that the histone chaperone B23/nucleophosmin associates with rRNA chromatin (r-chromatin) to stimulate rRNA transcription. Here, we report on the mechanism for site-specific targeting of B23 to the r-chromatin. We observed that, during mitosis, B23 was released from chromatin upon inactivation of its RNA binding activity by cdc2 kinase-mediated phosphorylation. The phosphorylation status of B23 was also shown to strongly affect its chromatin binding activity. We further found that r-chromatin binding of B23 was a necessary condition for B23 histone chaperone activity in vivo. In addition, we found that depletion of upstream binding factor (UBF; an rRNA transcription factor) decreased the chromatin binding affinity of B23, which in turn led to an increase in histone density at the r-chromatin. These two major strands of evidence suggest a novel cell cycle-dependent mechanism for the site-specific regulation of histone density via joint RNA- and transcription factor-mediated recruitment of histone chaperones to specific chromosome loci.
Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation (2012)

Independence between sentences is an assumption deeply entrenched in the models and algorithms used for statistical machine translation (SMT), particularly in the popular dynamic programming beam search decoding algorithm. This restriction is an obstacle to research on more sophisticated discourse-level models for SMT. We propose a stochastic local search decoding method for phrase-based SMT, which permits free document-wide dependencies in the models. We explore the stability and the search parameters of this method and demonstrate that it can be successfully used to optimise a document-level semantic language model.
Precise Measurement of Cat Patellofemoral Joint Surface Geometry With Multistation Digital Photogrammetry (1999)

Three-dimensional joint models are important tools for investigating mechanisms related to normal and pathological joints. Often these models necessitate accurate three-dimensional joint surface geometric data so that reliable model results can be obtained; however, in models based on small joints, this is often problematic due to limitations of the present techniques. These limitations include insufficient measurement precision the requirement of contact for the measurement process, and lack of entire joint description. This study presents a new non-contact method for precise determination of entire joint surfaces using multistation digital photogrammetry (MDPG) and is demonstrated by determining the cartilage and subchondral bone surfaces of the cat patellofemoral (PF) joint. The digital camera-lens setup was precisely calibrated using 16 photographs arranged to achieve highly convergent geometry to estimate interior and distortion parameters of the camera-lens setup. Subsequently, six photographs of each joint surface were then acquired for surface measurement. The digital images were directly imported to a computer and newly introduced semi-automatic computer algorithms were used to precisely determine the image coordinates. Finally, a rigorous mathematical procedure named the bundle adjustment was used to determine the three-dimensional coordinates of the joint surfaces and to estimate the precision of the coordinates. These estimations were validated by comparing the MDPG measurements of a cylinder and plane to an analytical model. The joint surfaces were successfully measured using the MDPG method with mean precision estimates in the least favorable coordinate direction being 10.3 microns for subchondral bone and 17.9 microns for cartilage. The difference in measurement precision for bone and cartilage primarily reflects differences in the translucent properties of the surfaces.
A simple alcohol-chemical vapor deposition synthesis of single-layer graphenes using flash cooling (2010)

We report the synthesis of single-layer graphenes from ethanol using, what we call, “flash cooling” just after chemical vapor deposition. The single-layer graphenes synthesized are high-quality and several micrometers in grain size as revealed by Raman spectroscopy. Detailed comparison of the cooling processes suggests that the single-layer graphene growth does not occur during the carbon precipitation but rather stems from surface diffusions of carbon on a nickel substrate. Because of the present simple and easiness for the large-scale synthesis under an inert gas atmosphere and at atmospheric pressure, the present method can easily be applied for the future large-scale and low-cost graphene production.
Importance of Vesicle Proteins in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Neuroendocrine Tumors (2004)

We have analyzed the expression of synaptic vesicle proteins in human neuroendocrine tumors and the potential use of vesicle proteins in the diagnosis and treatment of neuroendocrine tumors. Biopsies from endocrine and nonendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and adrenals were examined by immunocytochemistry using antibodies against synaptic vesicle protein 2 (SV2), vesicular monoamine transporter 1 and 2 (VMAT1 and 2), and neuroendocrine secretory protein 55 (NESP55). SV2 was expressed in all endocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas as well as in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). None of the adenocarcinomas expressed SV2. VMAT1 and 2 were expressed in amine-producing tumors of the gastrointestinal tract (ECL cell and EC cell carcinoids) and in a small number of peptide-producing pancreatic endocrine tumors. NESP55 was expressed in neuroblastomas and adrenal pheochromocytomas as well as in a subgroup of pancreatic endocrine tumors. The importance of VMAT1 and 2 for the uptake of 123I-MIBG in tumor cells was demonstrated. It was concluded that neuroendocrine tumors express multiple synaptic vesicle proteins that are useful in the histopathological diagnosis and classification of tumors. Vesicle proteins may prove to be useful for targeting tumor therapy.
GIPSY: Georeferenced Information (1994)

In this paper we present an algorithm which automatically extracts geopositional coordinate index terms from text to support georeferenced document indexing and retrieval. Under this algorithm, words and phrases containing geographic place names or characteristics are extracted from a text document and used as input to database functions which use spatial reasoning to approximate statistically the geoposition being referenced in the text. We conclude with a discussion of preliminary results and future work.
A Simple Method for Verifying Endotracheal Tube Placement (1977)

* Assistant Professor of Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110. Paper received: 4/13/76 Accepted for publication: 5/14/76
7-Nitroindazole attenuates vasodilation from cerebellar parallel fiber stimulation but not acetylcholine (1996)

We used the relatively selective inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) to test the hypothesis that the increases in local cerebellar blood flow (BFcrb) elicited by activation of the cerebellar parallel fibers (PF) are mediated by neuronal production of nitric oxide. In halothane-anesthetized rats, the cerebellar cortex was exposed and superfused with Ringer solution (37 degrees C; pH 7.3-7.4). The PF were stimulated electrically (100 microA, 30 Hz, 40 s), while BFcrb was monitored at the site of stimulation by a laser-Doppler flow probe. In vehicle-treated rats (n = 5), PF stimulation increased BFcrb by 61 +/- 5% (P < 0.05; analysis of variance and Tukey's test). 7-NI attenuated the increase in BFcrb dose dependently (10-100 mg/kg i.p.; n = 5 animals/dose) and by 55 +/- 7% at 100 mg/kg (P < 0.05). The attenuation of the response to PF stimulation was correlated with the degree of inhibition of calcium-dependent brain nitric oxide synthase activity, measured ex vivo by the citrulline assay (n = 21). 7-NI also attenuated the cerebrovasodilation elicited by hypercapnia (PCO2 = 50-60 mmHg) but did not affect the vasodilation evoked by acetylcholine (10 microM; n = 4; P > 0.05; t-test), a response mediated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase. 7-NI did not attenuate the BFcrb increase evoked by the nitric oxide donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (1 mM; n = 5; P > 0.05; t-test). Similarly, 7-NI did not affect resting systemic arterial pressure. These observations suggest that selective inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase by 7-NI attenuates the increases in BFcrb evoked by PF stimulation. The findings provide additional support to the hypothesis that the increase in BFcrb evoked by PF stimulation is mediated, in part, by glutamate-induced activation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase.
Ion-implanted In<sub>0.53</sub>Ga<sub>0.47</sub>As/In<sub>0.52</sub>Al<sub>0.48</sub>As lateral PNP transistors (1982)

Lateral PNP transistors have been realized for the first time in the (In,Ga)As/(In,Al)As heterostructure material system. Be ion implantation has been used to form the emitter and collector junctions. A current gain of 3.8 is obtained up to 200 µA of collector current for devices with a 1.5 µm electrical base width. A hole diffusion length of 2 µm in the (In,Ga)As is estimated.