gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accounting architecture and multicast cost allocation in differentiated services networks (2002)

This dissertation addresses issues in architectural support in networks that use economic principles to manage resources allocation. As the Internet increasingly extends its reach to new users, and emerging applications set the standard for stringent QoS (Quality of Service) requirements, it becomes imperative to devise effective methods for efficient distributed resources allocation. However, the multiple ownership of the networks making up the Internet challenges traditional approaches and compounds the complexity of the issues involved. The variety of user needs call for more individual performance objective enactment. Network economics purport to contribute flexible and scalable solutions to these issues, by emulating human markets that are self-regulated by basic exchange principles local to producers and consumers. The fundamental idea is the use of frameworks based on Game Theory and Pricing Theory that require the resource owner (producer) to set the “rules of the game” and leave to each user (consumer) the selection of an algorithmic behavior that optimizes his utility. Many proposals have been put forth, ranging from optimum pricing to auction models; a central need of these endeavors lies in the design of efficient accounting architecture for collecting, storing, processing and communicating relevant technical information to parties involved in transactions. 
In this research, we first develop a taxonomy of the major accounting characteristics with the aim of highlighting important features to optimize for building effective architectures. We then go on to propose a scalable and efficient architecture “TOKENAC: token-based accounting”, that leverages the principle of leaky bucket to transparently monitor traffic and perform accounting functions, thus minimizing overhead and complexity. 
Next, we consider the extension of TOKENAC to multicast, where it is important to determine the incidence of each user participation to the overall cost of a joint session, and compute individual shares accordingly. We investigate the general principles of viable allocation methods from cooperative game theory and propose a cascading decomposition of the multicast cost tree down to domain, and then to users. In our framework, all inter-domain interactions are covered by interconnection agreements. Hence, accounting becomes a local issue to each domain with all the flexibility and scalability that entail.
UROCANIC ACID AND IMMUNOSUPPRESSION (1989)

Urocanic acid, a molecule found at high concentration in the stratum corneum, acts as a photoreceptor for UV-light, isomerizing from the naturally occurring trans-form to the cis-form. It has been proposed that cis-urocanic acid may mediate the transient alteration in immune surveillance resulting in immunosuppression induced after UV-irradiation, by interacting with immune cells locally and/or systemically to generate T cells with suppressor function. The evidence to support this hypothesis is summarized, and possible interactions of urocanic acid with immune cells and their outcome are discussed.
A Survey of Five Stem-Feeding Insect Pests of Wheat in the Northern Great Plains (2006)

The wheat stem sawfly, Cephas cinctus Norton, the wheat stem maggot, Meromyza americana Fitch, the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), the wheat jointworm, Tetramesa tritici (Fitch), and the wheat strawworm, Tetramesa grandis (Riley), have long been considered wheat pests in the northern Great Plains. This paper reports results of surveys for these pests conducted over 3 yrs in parts of Montana (10 counties), North Dakota (14 counties), South Dakota (1 county), Nebraska (4 counties) and Wyoming (1 county). Fields were randomly selected and a mean of 191 stems were sampled from each field. The percentage of stems infested with each pest was recorded. The percentage of parasitized wheat stem sawfly larvae also was noted. The wheat stem sawfly, wheat stem maggot, and Hessian fly were the most commonly encountered pests, recorded in nearly every county. Wheat stem sawfly density was twice that of wheat stem maggot (7% vs 3.2%) in infested fields. Wheat stem sawfly densities exceeded 10% in 4 counties: Daniels and Wibaux in MT, Golden Valley, ND and Goshen, WY. Wheat stem sawfly parasitism was low and positively correlated with sawfly infestation. Wheat stem maggot infestations were low (&lt;11% for all fields), averaging 3.2% among infested fields. Hessian fly densities were much lower (2.2% among infested fields) than reported elsewhere in the U.S. The wheat jointworm and strawworm were absent from most fields and only occasionally found at low levels (&lt;1% and &lt;3.5% respectively, among infested fields). This information will help to prioritize wheat insect pest management research and extension programs in this region.
Ciliary neurotrophic factor prevents retrograde neuronal death in the adult central nervous system. (1993)

The neurocytokine ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) was described originally as an activity that supports the survival of neurons of the chicken ciliary ganglia in vitro. The widespread expression of CNTF and its principal binding protein, CNTF receptor alpha, in the central and peripheral nervous systems suggests a broader trophic role for this peptide. In the present study, we report that CNTF prevents axotomy-induced cell death of neurons in the anteroventral and anterodorsal thalamic nuclei of the adult rat. Using the polymerase chain reaction, we also demonstrate the presence of CNTF and CNTF receptor alpha mRNA in these same thalamic nuclei. The coincidence of CNTF and its receptor in a population of neurons responding to the factor suggests a paracrine function for CNTF. The present findings establish that CNTF has significant effects on neurons of the central nervous system in vivo and demonstrate that neurocytokines can prevent cell death in the adult central nervous system.
Gultamine : physiology, biochemistry and nutrition in critical illness (1992)

Glutamine provides an overview of glutamine physiology, metabolism and nutrition as it relates to critical illness. The book includes chapters on regional metabolism of glutamine by specific organs as well as a commentary on how the alterations in interorgan flow of glutamine are regulated during several different pathophysiologic states such as acidosis, surgery, sepsis and cancer. It explains the regulation of glutamine utilization at the cellular level by reviewing the control of glutamine transport across the cell membrane and by discussing how the major enzymes of intracellular glutamine metabolism (glutaminase and glutamine synthetase) are modulated by mediators such as hormones, cytokines and diet. It also discusses the concept of glutamine as a conditionally essential amino acid, and it review the role of glutamine-supplemented diets in supporting tissue and cellular metabolism during stress states.
AERIAL DISSEMINATION OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS A TWO-YEAR STUDY OF CONTAGION IN A TUBERCULOSIS WARD1 (1959)

Journal Article AERIAL DISSEMINATION OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS A TWO-YEAR STUDY OF CONTAGION IN A TUBERCULOSIS WARD Get access R. L. RILEY, R. L. RILEY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. C. MILLS, C. C. MILLS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W. NYKA, W. NYKA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar N. WEINSTOCK, N. WEINSTOCK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. B. STOREY, P. B. STOREY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. U. SULTAN, L. U. SULTAN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. C. RILEY, M. C. RILEY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W. F. WELLS W. F. WELLS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 70, Issue 2, September 1959, Pages 185–196, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120069 Published: 01 September 1959 Article history Received: 26 March 1959 Published: 01 September 1959
Automated capacitance bridge for calibration of capacitors with nominal value from 10 nF up to 10 mF (2012)

This paper describes an automatized capacitance bridge (KRMS-C) developed for calibration of dielectric loss capacitors in the wide range from 10 nF up to 10 mF at frequencies from 50 Hz up to 10 kHz. The system is based on technique, where voltage drops across known and unknown impedance are measured and when measurement conditions are fulfilled, the value of the unknown impedance can be evaluated. The arrangement of the KRMS-C allows for performing calibration of 4-TP capacitors and with appropriate adaptors also 3-T and 5-T capacitors. Due to the integrated scanner/multiplexer, the calibration of up to four capacitors is possible in a single setup.
Tracking Shopping Carts Using Mobile Cameras Viewing Ceiling-Mounted Retro-Reflective Bar Codes (2006)

"Shopping Buddy" is a wireless multi-media terminal that clips onto a conventional shopping cart that allows customers to scan items as they shop, providing self-checkout at the cart. Cart tracking technology enables delivery of real-time locationbased content, including "you are here" navigation map, coupons and recipes. A new cart tracking technology is developed using a cart-mounted camera viewing ceiling-mounted retro-reflective bar codes. Tag acquisition and decoding is designed to run on an inexpensive microprocessor to meet stringent system cost, size and power constraints. The image is quantized and compressed "on-the-fly" to minimize memory and processing requirements. Field testing in a retail store demonstrates system robustness under a variety of lighting conditions, delivering 5 cm spatial resolution accuracy.
Cornforth rearrangement (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCornforth rearrangementMichael J. S. DewarCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 19, 6148–6152Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00826a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00826a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views905Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Weak coupling theory of optical fiber and film waveguides (1981)

By adopting appropriate early approximations a weak coupling theory of optical waveguides is developed, which is featured by its particular simplicity in mathematics. Coupling of ideal modes may not be sufficiently weak for the simple theory to apply. Local modes and super‐local modes are in some cases used, preferably, for their successively weakening coupling properties. The said three sets of modes are all related by similar matrices in the sense of Lowey. Problems of periodic coupling and of discrete coupling are also discussed, the former imposing a rather severe restriction on the weak coupling criteria.
Concepts for modular simulation environments (1994)

Ideally, each simulationist would employ a self-selected set of software tools operating within an integrated environment. Some of these tools would perform simulation specific tasks such as model building. Other tools, such as word processors and spreadsheets, are more general purpose but able to perform simulation project tasks such as graphing simulation results, entering simulation input values, and performing statistical analyses. Tailoring of these general purpose tools to simulation activities or particular problem contests is necessary. These requirements are addressed by a modular simulation environment. A database management system provides for the organization, storage and retrieval of simulation input values, simulation results, and models. Standard information exchange mechanisms retrieve data from the database for use by software tools and store data resulting from the use of these tools. Pre-existing and newly developed tools can be attached or detached as needed from a modular simulation environment to serve different user types or different contexts. Standard user interfaces, such as those provided by a windowing environment support a common user interface for the tools as well as other possibilities for information exchange between tools.
The Regression Control Chart (1969)

Linear regression and control chart theory are combined to yield an effective technique for controlling manhours in a situation in which the workload is variable but highly correlated with the manhours. Worked examples are discussed in detail. Several managerial applications are suggested.
Elamipretide Attenuates Pyroptosis and Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders in Aged Mice (2020)

Pyroptosis is a recently characterized inflammatory form of programmed cell death that is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND). Elamipretide (SS-31), a mitochondrial-targeted peptide with multiple pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory activity, has been demonstrated to protect against many neurological diseases. However, the effect of elamipretide on pyroptosis in PND has not been studied. We established an animal model of PND by performing an exploratory laparotomy on mice under isoflurane anesthesia and examined the effects of elamipretide on cognitive function, synaptic integrity, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial function, and signaling controlling pyroptosis. Our results showed that anesthesia and surgery caused mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal morphology, activation of canonicalnod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-caspase-1 dependent pyroptosis, and downregulation of synaptic integrity-related proteins in the hippocampus in aged mice, thus leading to learning and memory deficits in behavioral tests. Remarkably, treatment with the mitochondrial-targeted peptide elamipretide not only had protective effects against mitochondrial dysfunction but also attenuated surgery-induced pyroptosis and cognitive deficits. Our results provide a promising strategy for the treatment of PND involving mitochondrial dysfunction and pyroptosis.
그림책 앱의 콘텐츠 종류 및 상호작용 유형 분석 (2013)

본 연구의 목적은 그림책 앱의 콘텐츠 종류와 상호작용 유형을 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 아이튠즈와 Google Play의 앱스토어에서 ‘도서’와 ‘교육’의 검색어로 465편의 그림책 앱을 선정하여 분석에 사용하였다. 연구결과, 첫째, 465편의 그림책 앱의 기반이 된 콘텐츠의 종류에 있어서 국내외에서 제작된 앱들 간에 차이가 나타났다. 둘째, 연구문제 1의 결과 국외에서는 많이 활용되나 국내에서 적게 활용되고 있는 창작동화 기반 그림책 앱을 중심으로 상호작용 유형을 살펴보았다. 그 결과 언어 상호작용, 스토리 상호작용, 텍스트 상호작용, 그래픽과의 상호작용, 내비게이션의 여러 유형들이 있었으며, 국내외에서 주로 사용되는 양상들이 다름을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 국내외 그림책 앱 모두 주로 탭이나 드래그의 터치 제스처를 활용하고 있었으며, 상대적으로 모션 제스처는 거의 사용되지 않았다. 넷째, 그림책 앱은 재미를 위해 게임이 활용된 다양한 관련 활동들을 활용하고 있었다. 이러한 연구결과는 개발자들에게는 그림책에서 그림책 앱으로의 변환 시 문학성을 고려할 것과, 유아교육자들에게는 그림책 앱에 대한 유아의 사용자 인터페이스와 그림책 앱 읽기가 문해에 미치는 영향을 살펴보아야 한다는 시사점을 주었다.
CCR: A concise convolution rule for sparse neural network accelerators (2018)

Convolutional Neural networks (CNNs) have achieved great success in a broad range of applications. As CNN-based methods are often both computation and memory intensive, sparse CNNs have emerged as an effective solution to reduce the amount of computation and memory accesses while maintaining the high accuracy. However, dense CNN accelerators can hardly benefit from the reduction of computations and memory accesses due to the lack of support for irregular and sparse models. This paper proposed a concise convolution rule (CCR) to diminish the gap between sparse CNNs and dense CNN accelerators. CCR transforms a sparse convolution into multiple effective and ineffective ones. The ineffective convolutions in which either the neurons or synapses are all zeros do not contribute to the final results and the computations and memory accesses can be eliminated. The effective convolutions in which both the neurons and synapses are dense can be easily mapped to the existing dense CNN accelerators. Unlike prior approaches which trade complexity for flexibility, CCR advocates a novel approach to reaping the benefits from the reduction of computation and memory accesses as well as the acceleration of the existing dense architectures without intrusive PE modifications. As a case study, we implemented a sparse CNN accelerator, SparseK, following the rationale of CCR. The experiments show that SparseK achieved a speedup of 2.9× on VGG16 compared to a comparably provisioned dense architecture. Compared with state-of-the-art sparse accelerators, SparseK can improve the performance and energy efficiency by 1.8× and 1.5×, respectively.
Hardware-based Fourier transforms: algorithms and architectures (1983)

Many signal processing systems rely on the efficient calculation of the discrete Fourier transform. The basic equations are manipulated to yield architectures to suit differing technologies and performance requirements. Finally a prime-radix transform algorithm is described offering very high performance that is ideally suited to present-day technology.
Infliximab dose and clinical status: results of 2 studies in 1642 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (2004)

Infliximab dose increases are common, particularly during the first year of treatment. The average dose is 5 mg/kg. Seventy-five percent of patients continue using infliximab 2 years after treatment onset.
Properties of Transparent Zinc-Tin Oxide Conducting Films Prepared by Chemical Spray Pyrolysis (2005)

In this work we have prepared thin films of zinc‐tin oxide by the chemical spray pyrolysis method. The structural, electrical and optical properties were studied for all films as a function of the zinc content in the starting solution, yielding values of electrical resistivity (ρ), Hall mobility (μ), carrier concentration (n), and optical transmission (T) suitable for optoelectronic applications, e.g. our optimal values were ρ = 3.56×10−2 Ω cm and T = 0.77.
Method of Network Fault Diagnosis Based on Linux Operating System (2003)

We provide a method for orientation and diagnosis of TCP/IP network fault based on Linux operating system,which can automatically and efficiently find the malfunction device and the reason that it doesn't work.Firstly we seek the path of network from the starting Net PC to the destination device,according to BellmanFord algorithm if RIP protocol is running in the autonomous system and Dijkstra algorithm if OSPF protocol is active.Then we use command Ping to find the malfunction device.Thirdly we diagnose the device.
Green chemistry oriented organic synthesis in water (2011)

The use of water as solvent features many benefits such as improving reactivities and selectivities, simplifying the workup procedures, enabling the recycling of the catalyst and allowing mild reaction conditions and protecting-group free synthesis in addition to being benign itself. In addition, exploring organic chemistry in water can lead to uncommon reactivities and selectivities complementing the organic chemists' synthetic toolbox in organic solvents. Studying chemistry in water also allows insight to be gained into Nature's way of chemical synthesis. However, using water as solvent is not always green. This tutorial review briefly discusses organic synthesis in water with a Green Chemistry perspective.
Stimulated VUV emission in high-pressure xenon excited by high-current relativistic electron beams (1972)

Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) emission characteristics of xenon for pressures from 15 to 450 psi are presented. Stimulated emission was observed above 200 psi. Experiments were run both with and without mirrors. Without mirrors, the emission was 150 Å wide centered at 1700 Å, and the mean radiative lifetime was 2×10−8. The energy conversion efficiency was ∼ 20%. With mirrors above 200 psi the emission width narrowed to 17 Å centered at 1716 Å, and the output was highly directional. The pulse width narrowed from 50 to ∼ 3 nsec.
Zur Morphologie der Schuppen des Flügelrandes einiger Arten der Gattung Parnassius Latr. (Lep.) (1956)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
The Use of Intralesional Clostridial Collagenase Injection Therapy for Peyronie's Disease: A Prospective, Single-Center, Non-Placebo-Controlled Study (2008)

The benefits of intralesional clostridial collagenase injections in this trial lend support to prior studies supporting its use in the management of Peyronie's disease. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study is currently under development.
Circular Waveguide Taper of Improved Design (1958)

Transitions between round waveguides of different sizes fur TE <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01</inf> transmission are required to be free of mode conversion. Conical tapers with a gradual change of cone angle transform cylindrical waves in the round waveguide into spherical waves in the transition region. They thus cause very little power conversion to spurious modes. Optimal tapers and almost optimal tapers are found. An improved taper connecting 7/8 in. to 2 in. i.d. waveguide must be 3 ft long to keep the spurious mode level below — 50 db for frequencies up to 75 kmc. A taper of constant cone angle would have to be 58 ft long to obtain the same spurious mode level.
Development of a pair of bifunctional expression vectors for Escherichia coli and Bacillus licheniformis (2007)

A pair of bifunctional expression vectors, pBL-WZX and pHY-WZX, for Escherichia coli and Bacillus licheniformis was constructed to express interesting genes in a secretory manner. The vectors contain an expression cassette consisted of the promoter and signal peptide region of B. licheniformis amyL as well as an artificial multiple cloning site and a terminator and utilize kanamycin-resistance and/or tetracycline-resistance for selection in both B. licheniformis and E. coli. Both vectors contain a part of 3' terminal fragment of B. licheniformis amyL. The 5'-terminal or 3'-terminal fragment of B. licheniformis amyL can cause the integration and amplification of expression cassette in the chromosome of B. licheniformis under a kanamycin-selection pressure. pBL-WZX is an integrational vector while pHY-WZX is free one for B. licheniformis. Both vectors were succeeded in secretory expression of manL in both B. licheniformis and E. coli.
Occupational respiratory diseases. (1986)

The document seeks to describe the respiratory disease processes which affect the American worker, the requisite tools of evaluation, the existing methods of prevention, and areas where further effort and research are needed