gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applications of volume Bragg gratings for spectral control and beam combining of high power fiber lasers (2009)

Volume Bragg gratings (VBGs) recorded in photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glass are used in a wide range of high-power laser applications due to their unique spectral response and excellent optical and thermo-mechanical properties. Experimental results of applications of narrow-band reflecting VBGs to spectral beam combining (SBC) and wavelength control of fiber lasers are presented. Output power of 770 W from a system combining five fiber lasers with 91.7% efficiency is demonstrated with spectral separation between channels of 0.5 nm around 1064 nm and no distortions in diffracted beams. Similar system with 0.25 nm channel separation around 1550 nm is demonstrated with the same efficiency and M<sup>2</sup> of the spectrally-combined beam < 1.15. A novel compact monolithic multi-channel beam combiner based on stacked tilted VBGs is suggested. Absolute efficiency exceeding 90% is reported for a four-channel device with 0.7 nm spectral separation of channels. We show that a linear stack of monolithic combining elements enables compact spectrally-combined laser systems with output power of 10-100 kW. A common-cavity approach to multi-channel spectral beam combining of high-power lasers is demonstrated. In this configuration wavelengths of the sources are passively controlled by a combination of a common output coupler and intra-cavity VBGs, which also act as combining elements. Laser wavelengths are automatically selected to match resonant wavelengths of respective gratings and provide maximum combining efficiency. Stable operation of a passively-controlled system combining two amplifiers with 0.4 nm spectral separation is demonstrated. Wavelengths of amplifiers are shown to automatically follow Bragg condition of VBGs during heating of gratings.
A novel all soft switching DC converter with power factor correction (2002)

A new topology for a full bridge based DC converter suitable for application in the kW range is presented. The converter features precision output voltage control, power factor correction and galvanic isolation. All four switches in the bridge are switched softly; the one phase arm is operated under zero voltage switching conditions and the other is switched under zero current conditions. The operation and control of the converter is described. A prototype converter is constructed and some experimental results are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A fuzzy-logic architecture for autonomous multisensor data fusion (1996)

Fuzzy logic techniques have become popular to address various processes for multisensor data fusion. Examples include the following: (1) fuzzy membership functions for data association; (2) evaluation of alternative hypotheses in multiple hypothesis trackers; (3) fuzzy-logic-based pattern recognition (e.g., for feature-based object identification); and (4) fuzzy inference schemes for sensor resource allocation. These approaches have been individually successful but are limited to only a single subprocess within a data fusion system. At The Pennsylvania State University, Applied Research Laboratory, a general-purpose fuzzy-logic architecture has been developed that provides for control of sensing resources, fusion of data for tracking, automatic object recognition, control of system resources and elements, and automated situation assessment. This general architecture has been applied to implement an autonomous vehicle capable of self-direction, obstacle avoidance, and mission completion. The fuzzy logic architecture provides interpretation and fusion of multisensor data (i.e., perception) as well as logic for process control (action). This paper provides an overview of the fuzzy-logic architecture and a discussion of its application to data fusion in the context of the Department of Defense (DoD) Joint Directors of Laboratories (JDL) Data Fusion Process Model. A new, robust, fuzzy calculus is introduced. An application example is provided.
Repeated Dose Skin Irritation Study on Jet Fuels - A Histopathology Study. (1999)

Abstract : JP-8 is the battlefield fuel for DoD and NATO countries. It's use is projected beyond 2025, with employment of additive packages to meet new weapon systems' requirements. One additive package (JP-8 + 100) currently in use increases the thermal stability of the fuel by 100 deg F. Questions have been raised about human health implications of occupational exposures to JP-8, as compared to the phased out JP-4, and to possible differences between JP-8 and JP-8 + 100. This study investigated the histopathologic effects of daily, topical, dermal exposure to JP-8 + 100, JP-4 and JP-8 in rats. Full thickness samples of control and treated skin were taken at weekly intervals during the 4-week exposure phase and the 3-week recovery phase. Proliferative, degenerative, and inflammatory changes within the epidermis and dermis were assessed and graded. Mean scores during the exposure phase (69.3 +/- 24.4, 58.9 +/- 7.8, and 69.5 +/- 20.0 for JP-8 + 100, JP-4, and JP-8, respectively) were significantly different from mean control scores of 16.8 +/- 3.6 (P < 0.0001). Treatment group scores did not differ significantly from one another. Characteristic of all treatment groups was the rapid reversibility of the lesions following withdrawal from exposure. Mean scores during the recovery phase (20.1 +/- 4.2, 19.7 +/- 2.7, and 21.6 +/- 7.0 for JP-8 + 100, JP-4, and JP-8, respectively) did not differ from control scores.
New developments in field splicing of avionics fiber optic cable (2009)

The challenge of repairing of fiber optic cables on aircraft has been recognized for some time, but until recently very few solutions have been pursued or accepted. Since 2004, however, several companies and agencies, particularly the Naval Air Warfare Center (NAVAIR), have directed attention to this problem. Basically four generic approaches are agreed-upon - remove and replace an entire damaged cable, reterminate connector termini on site, mechanically splice a damaged cable, or fusion splice it - each with advantages and disadvantages depending on the application. In this paper we discuss some recent advances in mechanical and fusion splicing, with particular attention to cable strength restoration and safety in hazardous atmospheres (fueled aircraft).
THE EFFECT OF ONCOMING HEADLIGHT GLARE ON PERIPHERAL DETECTION UNDER A MESOPIC LIGHT LEVEL (2001)

A field study was carried out in a car park to investigate how oncoming glare from halogen headlamps impaired drivers' detection of peripheral targets under two fixed street lighting sources, high pressure sodium and metal halide lamps. The participants (drivers) task was to detect a change in reflectance for one of two targets while fixated on a signboard at the end of the test track. The detection targets were located 15 or 23 degrees off-axis to the right when the subjects looked straight ahead. The halogen headlamps of the oncoming vehicle were switched either on or off. Participants were 22-39 years of age. Large individual differences in individuals' reaction times were observed. Reaction times under metal halide lamps were shorter than under high pressure sodium lamps. Reaction times for the inner target (15 degrees) were shorter than for the outer target (23 degrees). There was also a significant interaction between the target position and the glare condition. For the covering abstract see ITRD E123380.
Propriétés électriques et Viellissement jusqu’à 300 °C de films polyimides pour la passivation des composants à semi-conducteur grand gap (2008)

National audience
Generation of KCL032 clinical grade human embryonic stem cell line (2015)

The KCL032 human embryonic stem cell line was derived from a normal healthy blastocyst donated for research. The ICM was isolated using laser microsurgery and plated on γ-irradiated human foreskin fibroblasts. Both the derivation and cell line propagation were performed in an animal product-free environment and under current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) standards. Pluripotent state and differentiation potential were confirmed by in vitro assays.
γ-Terpinene nitrosochloride (1974)

γ-Terpinene nitrosochloride has structure (3a). The structure and conformation of amines derived from this structure are also discussed.
Beta-Alanine and Taurine Microinjected into the Rat Caudal Ventrolateral Medulla Increase Blood Pressure (1993)

Unilateral microinjections of GABA, glycine, beta-alanine and taurine into the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) of the rat, led to an increase in blood pressure and heart rate. The responses to glycine, beta-alanine and taurine but not to GABA could be blocked by strychnine. The responses to taurine and beta-alanine but not to GABA and glycine could be blocked by 6-aminomethyl-3-methyl-4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide (TAG), an antagonist of taurine. The taurine antagonist alone injected bilaterally into the CVLM produced a decrease in blood pressure. From CVLM areas microperfused with Krebs solution, spontaneous release of GABA, glycine, beta-alanine and taurine was detected and high K+ stimulation caused a calcium-dependent release of GABA, beta-alanine and taurine. These results suggest that beta-alanine and taurine as well as GABA may be involved in modulation of the cardiovascular control within the CVLM.
The anuric preterm newborn infant with a normal renal ultrasound: a diagnostic and ethical challenge (2006)

Diagnosis and treatment of an anuric premature infant with severe respiratory compromise and a normal renal ultrasound (US), is a difficult task that requires a multidisciplinary approach. A 29-week gestation premature male infant, born after 5 weeks of worsening oligohydramnios, was ventilated for respiratory distress and remained anuric. Intensive clinical investigations and pediatric nephrology consultation that predicted very poor prognosis were followed by progressive renal failure, electrolyte imbalance, respiratory failure, ventricular arrhythmia, and finally cardiac arrest and death on day 5. In view of the predicted poor outcome, and after discussion with the parents, a decision was made not to start peritoneal dialysis (PD), and to offer only palliative therapy, with comfort care alone. Pre and postnatal diagnosis lead, in this case, to an ethical challenge that focuses on the question of futility.
Tratamiento digital de la señal: teoría y aplicaciones (1999)

Este libro cubre los cinco capitulos de la asignatura Tratamiento Digital de la Senal de la ETSI de Telecomunicaciones de la Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, tratando temas basicos de esta disciplina como muestreo, DFT, implementacion de filtros, filtros adaptativos y analisis espectral. Cada capitulo contiene una descripcion teorica del tema que se ha intentado presentar de la manera mas clara e intuitiva posible, incluyendo un gran numero de graficas y evitando, en la medida de lo posible, desarrollos matematicos largos. Tal y como aparece en el titulo, el libro tambien describe las aplicaciones que tienen los aspectos teoricos desarrollados, ofreciendo ejemplos, consideraciones de implementacion, etc. Al final de cada capitulo se ofrece una coleccion de problemas, que en algunos casos, son del libro de problemas de la asignatura (SPUPV 98.799). Tambien hay problemas para ser resueltos con la ayuda del ordenador y en los que se consideran senales reales. Al final del libro se incluyen dos apendices: Procesos Aleatorios Discretos y Desarrollo Historico del Tratamiento Digital de la Senal
Transient state of polarization in optical ground wire caused by lightning and impulse current. (1996)

This paper describes a transient state of polarization in an optical ground wire (OPGW) theoretically, experimentally and with field measurements in lightning conditions, which is considered one of the fastest phenomena of polarization fluctuations in the natural environment. These characteristics will be required for optical coherent communication for utilities in future and for application to sensing of lightning with OPGW.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
ANALYSIS OF INDIVIDUAL GYPSY MOTH SEX PHEROMONE PRODUCTION BY SAMPLE CONCENTRATING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY (1983)

Abstract Sample concentrating chromatography is a technique designed for trace analysis of organic compounds without the conventional concentration procedures such as nitrogen blowing or vacuum distillation. This method is uniquely suited for quantification of single insect pheromone production. Depending on temperature, gypsy moth females produced from 2.4 to 4.0 μg of sex pheromone (7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane) per day.
Estimating Mobile-Friendliness Scores of Web Pages (2010)

Mobile devices such as cell phones and personal digital assistants (PDAs) are becoming increasingly popular tools to access the Internet. Unfortunately, the experience of users attempting to access web pages with these mobile devices has been less than satisfactory because of their small display areas, slow communications links and low computing power. In this paper, we propose a trained scorer to estimate the mobile-friendliness scores of web pages, providing an indication of their suitability for mobile devices. These scores help mobile-friendly pages receive higher ranks in search results when mobile users seek information on the web. Our experiments show that the search results re-ranked by our mobile-friendliness scores increase mobile user satisfaction.
<i>In Vitro</i>Studies on the Effect of<i>In Vivo</i>Zinc Deficiency on the Formation of Glycos-Aminoglycans in Rat Costal Cartilage (1972)

The effects of in vivo zinc deficiency and restricted food intake, on the in vitro synthesis of glycosaminoglycans of rib cartilage were studied in the rat. 35S-sulfate and 14C-glucosamine were used as precursors. The glycosaminoglycans were separated on microcolumns and specific radioactivities determined for the different fractions.Chemical analyses showed that zinc deficiency or reduced food intake did not cause any qualitative or quantitative changes in the glycosaminoglycans. The radioassays indicated that zinc deficiency and reduced food intake, alone or combined, caused a somewhat lowered synthetic rate of chondroitin sulfate. In the discussion it is underlined that it seems difficult to determine conclusively the importance of zinc for the formation of the mucopolysaccharides through further in vivo deficiency studies, because of the difficulties to control and evaluate the inanition factor.
Plant Biotechnology: A Contribution to Sustainable Agriculture (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The Impact of Plant Biotechnology Environmental Responsibility Societal Benefits Summary
A C/Ka Dual Frequency Dual Layer Circularly Polarized Reflectarray Antenna With Microstrip Ring Elements (2004)

This paper reports a dual frequency dual layer circularly polarized reflectarray operating in the C and Ka bands. A 0.5-m right-hand circularly polarized planar reflectarray antenna is designed using microstrip ring elements of variable rotations to achieve a cophasal beam at broadside. The microstrip ring elements are more compact than the traditional reflectarray elements and can minimize blockage for the multilayer multifrequency applications. The highest efficiencies measured are 46% at 7.3 GHz and 38% at 31.75 GHz. The tested cross-polarization levels are -21 dB at 7.3 GHz and -29.2 dB at 31.75 GHz at the broadside direction. The tested results show that the designed ring element is suitable for both the single and dual layer applications with good bandwidth and circularly polarized performance.
Fabrication and Application of MoSi<sub>2</sub>-Thin-Film Electric Heaters (2007)

Thin-film heaters made of molybdenum silicide (MoSi2) were fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering, and the heating characteristics of these heaters in a high vacuum were evaluated. The crystal structure of thin-film was hexagonal contrary to the tetragonal one of the target. MoSi2 thin-film heaters deposited outside an alumina crucible showed almost linear resistance-temperature (R-T ) characteristics. However, resistance decreased due to repeated heatings. The heaters generated almost no contamination in vacuum. The temperature of the crucible reached 1000°C at an electric power of 190 W.
Cyclotron harmonic lines in the thermal magnetic fluctuation spectrum of spiraling electrons in plasmas (1993)

Radio frequency (rf) magnetic fluctuations B̃ have been measured with loop antennas in a large pulsed discharge plasma column (ne≲1012 cm−3, kTe≲3 eV, B0≂20 G, Ar, 2×10−4 Torr, 1 m diam×2.5 m length). A 1/f-like noise spectrum is observed in the whistler wave regime (ωce1/2ωci1/2&lt;ω&lt;ωce) both in the Maxwellian afterglow plasma and in the active discharge which contains energetic (45 eV) electrons. Discrete emission lines at the electron cyclotron frequency and its harmonics are found only in the presence of spiraling energetic electrons. These are naturally present in the active discharge but have also been injected as a controlled oblique electron beam into the Maxwellian afterglow plasma. In the latter case up to 15 cyclotron harmonic lines with weak amplitude decay B̃z(ω) are generated in the beam flux tube. From two-point correlation measurements it is shown that the line spectrum is due to ballistic beam modes rather than plasma eigenmodes driven unstable by the beam. The lines evolve from broadband thermal current fluctuations of the beam through a filtering effect. Those fluctuations which rotate synchronously with the ordered cyclotron motion (ω=nωc) constructively interfere (k∥=0) and produce coherent solenoidal rf fields, while others interfere destructively. Axial and azimuthal phase velocity measurements for rf-modulated beams clearly demonstrate the filtering effect. In the present parameter regime (ωp≫ωc) the fluctuations are evanescent and localized near the electron flux tube (rc≳c/ωp). In low density plasmas the fluctuations may couple to propagating electromagnetic waves and be observable externally as in earlier observations by Landauer or Ikegami.
Derangements in myocardial purine and pyrimidine nucleotide metabolism in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular hypertrophy. (1982)

Studies in animal models of myocardial ischemia and left ventricular hypertrophy have demonstrated a number of derangements in purine and pyrimidine nucleotide content of myocardium that are postulated to play a role in the pathogenesis of muscle dysfunction in these disorders. The present study examined myocardium of patients with coronary artery disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, or neither of these two abnormalities, to determine whether derangements in purine and pyrimidine nucleotide metabolism occur in humans. In patients with coronary artery disease, endocardial content of ATP, GTP, UTP, CTP, and creatine phosphate was reduced and ranged between 60% and 86% of the amount found in the epicardium. In patients without coronary artery disease or ventricular hypertrophy, endocardial content of these nucleotides was equal to or greater than that of epicardium. Endocardial and epicardial content of inosine was increased in patients with coronary artery disease, and after vein bypass grafting inosine content fell to the levels observed in myocardium of patients with normal coronary arteries. In patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, endocardial content of ATP, GTP, UTP, CTP, and creatine phosphate was also reduced and ranged between 64% and 88% of the epicardial content. In contrast to results obtained in patients without left ventricular hypertrophy, epicardial content of GTP, UTP, and CTP was increased by 131%, 123%, and 132% in hypertrophied myocardium. Thus the changes noted in myocardial nucleotide content in patients are similar to those noted in animal models of occlusive coronary disease and ventricular hypertrophy. These results suggest that the pathophysiological abnormalities in nucleotide metabolism noted in animal models also occur in human myocardium.
Simulation and Experimental Validation of the Deformation and Stress Evolution During Cosintering of Ceramic Laminated Composites (2017)

This chapter discusses how sintering simulation is considered to be an important process in the development of ceramic products. It can be used to predict residual stress, deformation, and densification during sintering, which influence the product's thermo-mechanical properties, reliability, and shape after sintering. Macroscopic behavior of sintering bodies can be described using the continuum theory of sintering. Densification and deformation of a porous continuum during the sintering process are predicted through a linear viscoplastic constitutive law. The constitutive law for sintering may be expressed using the sintering stress as a function of the grain growth and relative density. These modifications provide a constitutive equation for a sintering model with which the solidification mechanisms in a porous body during sintering may be predicted. Apart from different thermal and mechanical properties, the most distinguishing factor between the two materials is that they feature different free sinter shrinkages that are inherent to their different particle size distributions. The maximum principal tensile stress is approximately half of the material's fracture strength as measured by a ring-on-ring bending experiments for both materials. The subcritical stress magnitude validates the producibility of the simulated bilayer material.
Valence-band warping in tight-binding models (1999)

The spin-orbit nearest-neighbor ${\mathrm{sp}}^{3}{s}^{*}$ model is widely believed able to reproduce accurately the valence bands of most III-V and group-IV semiconductors, essential for modeling the in-plane dispersion of valence- and inter-band quantum heterostructures. To check this belief, we study valence-band warping in the spin-orbit ${\mathrm{sp}}^{3}{s}^{*}$ model including interactions up to second-nearest-neighbor, providing exact, analytic formulas for the [110] and [111] light- and heavy-hole masses. Surprisingly, we find that the second-nearest-neighbor model offers significantly more flexibility in fitting these masses independently of those along [001] than does the nearest-neighbor model.
Predicting Extubation Readiness in Extreme Preterm Infants based on Patterns of Breathing (2018)

Extremely preterm infants commonly require intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation after birth. While the duration of mechanical ventilation should be minimized in order to avoid complications, extubation failure is associated with increases in morbidities and mortality. As part of a prospective observational study aimed at developing an accurate predictor of extubation readiness, Markov and semi-Markov chain models were applied to gain insight into the respiratory patterns of these infants, with more robust time-series modeling using semi-Markov models. This model revealed interesting similarities and differences between newborns who succeeded extubation and those who failed. The parameters of the model were further applied to predict extubation readiness via generative (joint likelihood) and discriminative (support vector machine) approaches. Results showed that up to 84\% of infants who failed extubation could have been accurately identified prior to extubation.