gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parcellation of human temporal polar cortex: A combined analysis of multiple cytoarchitectonic, chemoarchitectonic, and pathological markers (2009)

Although the human temporal polar cortex (TPC), anterior to the limen insulae, is heavily involved in high-order brain functions and many neurological diseases, few studies on the parcellation and extent of the human TPC are available that have used modern neuroanatomical techniques. The present study investigated the TPC with combined analysis of several different cellular, neurochemical, and pathological markers and found that this area is not homogenous, as at least six different areas extend into the TPC, with another area being unique to the polar region. Specifically, perirhinal area 35 extends into the posterior TPC, whereas areas 36 and TE extend more anteriorly. Dorsolaterally, an area located anterior to the typical area TA or parabelt auditory cortex is distinguishable from area TA and is defined as area TAr (rostral). The polysensory cortical area located primarily in the dorsal bank of the superior temporal sulcus, separate from area TA, extends for some distance into the TPC and is defined as the TAp (polysensory). Anterior to the limen insulae and the temporal pyriform cortex, a cortical area, characterized by its olfactory fibers in layer Ia and lack of layer IV, was defined as the temporal insular cortex and named as area TI after Beck (J. Psychol. Neurol. 1934;41:129-264). Finally, a dysgranular TPC region that capped the tip with some extension into the dorsal aspect of the TPC is defined as temporopolar area TG. Therefore, the human TPC actually includes areas TAr and TI, anterior parts of areas 35, 36, TE, and TAp, and the unique temporopolar area TG.
Fe-Based Coordination Polymers as Battery-Type Electrodes in Semi-Solid-State Battery–Supercapacitor Hybrid Devices (2021)

One two-dimensional Fe-based metal-organic framework (FeSC1) and one one-dimensional coordination polymer (FeSC2) have been solvothermally prepared through the reaction among FeSO<sub>4</sub>·7H<sub>2</sub>O, the tripodal ligand 4,4',4″-<i>s</i>-triazine-2,4,6-triyl-tribenzoate (H<sub>3</sub>TATB), and flexible secondary building blocks p/m-bis((1H-imidazole-1-yl)methyl)benzene (bib). Given that their abundant interlayer spaces and different coordination modes, two compounds have been employed as battery-type electrodes to understand how void space and different coordination modes affect their performances in three-electrode electrochemical systems. Both materials exhibit outstanding but different electrochemical performances (including distinct capacities and charge-transfer abilities) under three-electrode configurations, where the charge storage for each electrode material is mainly dominated by the diffusion-controlled section (<i>i</i> ∝ <i>v</i><sup>0.5</sup>) through power-law equations. Additionally, the partial phase transformations to more stable FeOOH are also detected in the long-term cycling loops. After coupling with the capacitive carbon-based electrode to assemble into the semi-solid-state battery-supercapacitor-hybrid (sss-BSH) devices, the sss-FeSC1//AC BSH device delivers excellent capacitance, superior energy and power density, and longstanding endurance as well as the potential practical property.
Reduction of Lignin in Tobacco Through the Expression of an Antisense Caffeic Acid O-methyltransferase (2000)

Caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) is a methylation enzyme involved in the early stages of lignin biosynthesis. To examine the effect of antisense expression of a heterologous COMT gene on lignification, an antisense construct of a cDNA encoding a caffeic acid O-methyltransferase ( pOMT8) from Stylosanthes humilis Humb., Bonpl. &amp;amp; Kunth Fabaceae was transferred into tobacco via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. A large number of kanamycin-resistant shoots were recovered after transformation, and randomly selected putative transgenics were analysed for stable integration of the transgene into their genomes. The analyses demonstrated that antisense expression of pOMT8 resulted in reductions in total COMT activity, which was correlated with reduction in the lignin content of the transgenic plants. The amount of lignin in one of the transgenic lines decreased by 62% compared with untransformed control plants.
Conjugating influenza a (H1N1) antigen to n‐trimethylaminoethylmethacrylate chitosan nanoparticles improves the immunogenicity of the antigen after nasal administration (2015)

As one of the most serious infectious respiratory diseases, influenza A (H1N1) is a great threat to human health, and it has created an urgent demand for effective vaccines. Nasal immunization can induce both systemic and mucosal immune responses against viruses, and it can serve as an ideal route for vaccination. However, the low immunogenicity of antigens on nasal mucosa is a high barrier for the development of nasal vaccines. In this study, we covalently conjugated an influenza A (H1N1) antigen to the surface of N-trimethylaminoethylmethacrylate chitosan (TMC) nanoparticles (H1N1-TMC/NP) through thioester bonds to increase the immunogenicity of the antigen after nasal administration. SDS-PAGE revealed that most of the antigen was conjugated on TMC nanoparticles, and an in vitro biological activity assay confirmed the stability of the antigen after conjugation. After three nasal immunizations, the H1N1-TMC/NP induced significantly higher levels of serum IgG and mucosal sIgA compared with free antigen. A hemagglutination inhibition assay showed that H1N1-TMC/NP induced much more protective antibodies than antigen-encapsulated nanoparticles or alum-precipitated antigen (I.M.). In the mechanistic study, H1N1-TMC/NP was shown to stimulate macrophages to produce IL-1β and IL-6 and to stimulate spleen lymphocytes to produce IL-2 and IFN-γ. These results indicated that H1N1-TMC/NP may be an effective vaccine against influenza A (H1N1) viruses for use in nasal immunization.
Apparent Molar Volume and Apparent Molar Adiabatic Compressibility Studies of Anesthetic Molecules in Aqueous Micelle Solutions of CTAB and CTAC as a Function of Surfactant Concentration and Temperature (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApparent Molar Volume and Apparent Molar Adiabatic Compressibility Studies of Anesthetic Molecules in Aqueous Micelle Solutions of CTAB and CTAC as a Function of Surfactant Concentration and TemperatureLuchun Wang and Ronald E. VerrallCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 16, 4368–4374Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/j100067a026RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views417Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (794 KB) Supporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Anti-angiogenesis or pro-angiogenesis for cancer treatment: focus on drug distribution. (2015)

Enhancing chemotherapy delivery to tumors, improving tumor growth control, reducing metastasis, and increasing survival are all critical objectives of improved cancer therapy. One of the obstacles to the success of anticancer therapies is related to the inefficient distribution of drugs to tumor cells. To be effective, chemotherapeutics must reach a concentration in cancer cells that is sufficient to inhibit its targets. In the past years, the vascular normalization theory has gained widespread acceptance for explaining additional antitumor effects of inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling, when combined with chemotherapeutics. Vascular normalization is a strategy to enhance the antitumor effects of chemotherapeutics, but this is time and dose dependent and therefore difficult to implement clinically. Thus, alternative strategies that overcome these issues are needed. Accumulating scientific data demonstrate an alternative approach called "vascular promotion therapy" can increase chemotherapeutics delivery and intracellular uptake of the drug and reduces hypoxia by increasing tumor blood vessel density, blood flow, leakiness, and dilation, which leads to reduced cancer growth and metastasis. In this article, we first summarize the structural and functional abnormalities of the tumor microvasculature to highlight the importance of this phenomenon for chemotherapeutics distribution. Next, we summarize the limitations of anti-angiogenic strategy in cancer treatment, discuss some key prototypical underlying mechanisms of vascular normalization and initial clinical evidence of vascular promotion therapy, and speculate on the clinical potential of anticoagulation as a novel paradigm to improve cancer treatment.
Manufacturing Systems Modelling, Specification and Analysis (1994)

Modelling, specification and analysis of manufacturing systems require different forms of modelling to analyse their functional, behavioural, information, resource and management aspects at two major levels of details. The first level, called macro-level, is concerned with high-level system design, analysis and specification for which a consistent and precise system description is required. The use of a process-based modelling approach suitable for requirements definition and design specification is advocated for this level. The second level, called micro-level, is concerned with detailed analysis of qualitative and quantitative properties of some parts of the system. The use of Petri nets, and especially event graphs for cyclic systems and a special class of conflict-free nets for non-cyclic systems, is advocated for this level. Keywords Codes: J.6, I.6.5, I.6.4, F.4.3, Keywords: Manufacturing systems modelling; Process models; Petri nets; Performance evaluation; CIMOSA 1. INTRODUCTIO...
A Perpetual-Motion Machine Problem for Teaching Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics (2009)

A perpetual-motion machine (PMM) problem is described which the author has used for more than a decade to augment a traditional textbook-centred course. Two proofs for debunking a ‘buoyancy engine’ PMM are given. One solution is based on the principles of fluid statics, requiring the calculation of hydrostatic and buoyancy forces on submerged surfaces. An alternative solution is based on an energy method, requiring the calculation of the work done by a moving boundary. These analyses are well suited for instructional purposes on a first course in fluid mechanics or thermodynamics. The author has found that this type of puzzle can be used to generate a high level of student interest and classroom participation, with only a minor commitment of lecture time.
Host adaptations reduce the reproductive success of<i>Varroa destructor</i>in two distinct European honey bee populations (2012)

Honey bee societies (Apis mellifera), the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor, and honey bee viruses that are vectored by the mite, form a complex system of host-parasite interactions. Coevolution by natural selection in this system has been hindered for European honey bee hosts since apicultural practices remove the mite and consequently the selective pressures required for such a process. An increasing mite population means increasing transmission opportunities for viruses that can quickly develop into severe infections, killing a bee colony. Remarkably, a few subpopulations in Europe have survived mite infestation for extended periods of over 10 years without management by beekeepers and offer the possibility to study their natural host-parasite coevolution. Our study shows that two of these "natural" honey bee populations, in Avignon, France and Gotland, Sweden, have in fact evolved resistant traits that reduce the fitness of the mite (measured as the reproductive success), thereby reducing the parasitic load within the colony to evade the development of overt viral infections. Mite reproductive success was reduced by about 30% in both populations. Detailed examinations of mite reproductive parameters suggest these geographically and genetically distinct populations favor different mechanisms of resistance, even though they have experienced similar selection pressures of mite infestation. Compared to unrelated control colonies in the same location, mites in the Avignon population had high levels of infertility while in Gotland there was a higher proportions of mites that delayed initiation of egg-laying. Possible explanations for the observed rapid coevolution are discussed.
Multimodal Approaches to Improve Immunotherapy in Breast Cancer (2020)

Focusing future studies on other oncodrivers expressed in other BC subtypes will help to develop oncodriver-targeted immunotherapy
Chemical vapor deposited tungsten interconnect technology (2002)

A 'composite' chemical vapor deposited tungsten process was developed for interconnect application. This film demonstrated stress levels <550 MPa tensile, whilst maintaining acceptable fill properties. It was found that the SiH/sub 4/ initiation step (no WF/sub 6/ flowing) was critical for the control of Si consumption and junction leakage, and that a higher (40 Torr) process pressure provided substantial benefits as compared to initiation steps performed at lower pressures (4 Torr). The addition of relatively low N/sub 2/ partial pressures to the process gas mixture greatly reduced the surface roughness of the CVD-W film, with no detrimental effect on other film properties.
Quantum Sieving in Metal–Organic Frameworks: A Computational Study (2011)

In this work, a systematic computational study was performed to investigate the quantum sieving in nine typical metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for the separation of hydrogen isotope mixtures. The results show that Cu(F-pymo)2 and CPL-1 exhibit exceptional selectivity that is higher than other MOFs as well as other nanoporous materials such as carbon nanotubes, slit-shaped graphites, and zeolites studied so far. A concept named “quantum effective pore size” (QEPS) was proposed in this work, which can incorporate the effects of quantum sieving, and thus is temperature-dependent. On the basis of the new pore size, good correlations between pore size and selectivity can be established for the MOFs considered; particularly, they can explain the different selectivity performance of the two MOFs with highest selectivity at 40 and 77 K. This work indicates that MOFs are suitable candidates for the separation of hydrogen isotopes through quantum sieving.
Night sky brightness at sites from satellite data (2003)

We present a method to evaluate the artificial night sky brightness across the entire sky at any site of the World for given atmospheric conditions and accounting for mountain screening, elevation and Earth curvature. The method is an extension of the modelling technique developed by Roy Garstang and extended by Cinzano, Falchi, Elvidge & Baugh and Cinzano, Falchi & Elvidge with the use of satellite radiance measurements at visible wavelength.
A fast non-invasive beam check for mammography X-ray units (1994)

A prototype instrument is presented for the indirect evaluation of the main physical parameters characterizing a mammographic x-ray beam. The instrument consists of an x-ray probe with four filtered solid-state detectors connected to a signal-conditioning electronic circuitry and a high-speed digitizer interfaced to a portable personal computer. The system, governed by an ad hoc developed software, can measure kVp, kV waveform, ripple, HVL, exposure time and exposure in a single shot of the x-ray beam with good accuracy. The system should prove very useful to any quality-control programme for mammography.
Rhythmic robot arm control using oscillators (2002)

This paper presents an approach to robot arm control based on exploiting the dynamical properties of a simple oscillator circuit coupled to the joints of an arm. Using the same architecture, a wide variety of tasks can be achieved without any explicit modeling of the arm or its environment. The inherent properties of the oscillators give robustness to perturbations and changes in frequency. The approach is implemented on two compliant arms, and is demonstrated to swing pendulums at their natural frequencies, turn cranks and manipulate 'Slinky' toys.
Low Dose Oral Desmopressin for Nocturnal Polyuria in Patients With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled, Randomized Study (2010)

Low dose oral desmopressin is an effective and well tolerated treatment for nocturnal polyuria in the lower urinary tract symptoms of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Long-term desmopressin therapy gradually decreases serum sodium and it might induce hyponatremia even in patients without initial hyponatremia. For long-term desmopressin administration serum sodium should be assessed carefully, at least at 1 week after treatment.
Spatial-temporal characterization of an urban environment using Twitter (2014)

This paper presents a study of the usage of Twitter within the context of urban activity. We retrieved a set of tweets submitted by users located in Mexico City. Tweets were labeled as either positive or negative mood using a sentiment analyzer implementation. By calculating the average mood, we were able to run a Mann-Withney's U test to evaluate differences in the calculated mood per day of week. We found that all days of the week had significantly different medians with Sunday being the most positive day and Thursday the most negative. Additionally, we study the location for the tweets as an indicator important events and landmarks around the city.
Effects of dydrogesterone on the vascular system (2007)

Estrogens exert beneficial effects on the vascular system, while progestogens generally have a negative impact (e.g. vasoconstrictor effects on the arterial system). In contrast, dydrogesterone appears to be largely neutral in terms of biochemical markers and indirect clinical endpoints, such as blood pressure, that act as surrogate markers for vascular function. Studies on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, which can also influence vascular function, demonstrate that the addition of dydrogesterone intensifies rather than attenuates beneficial estrogenic effects. Dydrogesterone also has largely neutral effects on hemostasis. Since there are relatively few data available on clinical parameters such as blood flow measurements, especially in women with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases, increased risks cannot be excluded for a combination of estrogen replacement with dydrogesterone. Further studies should focus on this open question since dydrogesterone, with its largely neutral properties, might be a suitable option, including for older women already at increased cardiovascular risk.
Improved Ablative Materials (1967)

Abstract : The factors which govern the design of a chemical vapor plating reactor for preparing TiB2 and TiC continuous filaments are described herein. Uneven substrate heating was found to be a major problem in reactors where resistance type substrate heating was employed. This problem was found to be related to the electrical conductivity of the TiB2 and TiC deposits, but was overcome by the use cf radiofrequency power to heat the substrates. A reactor design incorporating radiofrequency heated substrates for continuous filament preparation is presented, and its operation during preparation of TiB2 filament is discussed. Extraordinary problems associated with TiC filament preparation resulted in its elimination from the current program. An evaluation of the prepared TiB2 filament is also given.
Procedure for analysis of phosphatidylcholine as a protozoal marker in ruminants (1992)

A procedure was developed to analyze phosphatidylcholine in ruminal protozoa and duodenal digesta, for the estimation of the flow of protozoal constituents from the stomach to the small intestine of ruminant animals. The procedure requires 15–20 mg of dry ruminal protozoa and 50–60 mg of dry duodenal digesta. Key words: Phosphatidylcholine, protozoa, duodenal flow, ruminants
MIGA's experience in conflict-affected countries - the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2004)

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Stress-induced transcriptional activation. (1995)

Living cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, employ specific sensory and signalling systems to obtain and transmit information from their environment in order to adjust cellular metabolism, growth, and development to environmental alterations. Among external factors that trigger such molecular communications are nutrients, ions, drugs and other compounds, and physical parameters such as temperature and pressure. One could consider stress imposed on cells as any disturbance of the normal growth condition and even as any deviation from optimal growth circumstances. It may be worthwhile to distinguish specific and general stress circumstances. Reasoning from this angle, the extensively studied response to heat stress on the one hand is a specific response of cells challenged with supra-optimal temperatures. This response makes use of the sophisticated chaperoning mechanisms playing a role during normal protein folding and turnover. The response is aimed primarily at protection and repair of cellular components and partly at acquisition of heat tolerance. In addition, heat stress conditions induce a general response, in common with other metabolically adverse circumstances leading to physiological perturbations, such as oxidative stress or osmostress. Furthermore, it is obvious that limitation of essential nutrients, such as glucose or amino acids for yeasts, leads to such a metabolic response. The purpose of the general response may be to promote rapid recovery from the stressful condition and resumption of normal growth. This review focuses on the changes in gene expression that occur when cells are challenged by stress, with major emphasis on the transcription factors involved, their cognate promoter elements, and the modulation of their activity upon stress signal transduction. With respect to heat shock-induced changes, a wealth of information on both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, including yeasts, is available. As far as the concept of the general (metabolic) stress response is concerned, major attention will be paid to Saccharomyces cerevisiae.