gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Segmenting Mainland Chinese Tourists to Taiwan by Destination Familiarity: a Factor‐cluster Approach (2011)

ABSTRACT This research examines the effectiveness of destination familiarity as a segmentation variable. Based on the traditional destination‐choice model, which suggests that customers might eliminate unfavorable destinations in the early stages of information search process, this research proposes that familiar customers should possess more favorable destination images and higher visiting intentions than unfamiliar customers. As the results confirm the positive effects of destination familiarity on destination image and travel intention, the effectiveness of destination familiarity as a segmentation variable is also verified. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental Observation on the Pessaries for the Identification of Pregnant Rat Model (2002)

Objective In order to investigate the mechanisms of formation and discharging of pessaries in rat, and choose the identification method of pregnant rat model which would be much more convenient, quick and accurate.Methods The method of pessary and the method of sperm were compared.Results The number of pessary of SD rat was one or more. The relativity existed between the quantities of pessaries and fetuses. The identification method of pessaries in tray was not only as good as identification method of sperm, but also superior to it.Conclusion ①The number of ejaculation was once or more. There were obvious differences in the pessary among the different rats, and no obvious differences among the different pessaries. The number of pessaries was related to the number of embryoes.②The method of pessaries in tray can be used to identify the pregnant rat models instead of the method of sperm.③The method of pessary in tray will be of practical significance in providing a great deal of pregnant rat models, breeding and heightening of the accuracy of production projects.
[Analysis of clinico-social features of epilepsy]. (1985)

The authors studied 286 patients with epilepsy with disease onset past the age of 20 years (176 males, 110 females) from the urban and rural populations. In 57% of cases the aetiology of epilepsy was undetermined. Among the known aetiological factors head trauma accounted for 15.5% of cases, inflammatory processes in the central nervous system for 4.5%, alcoholism for 7%, vascular lesions for 6%, tumours for 5.2%, degenerative and atrophic changes for 1.5%. Over 40% of patients had had attacks for up to 15 years and over 18% for over 20 years. In 80% of cases grand mal seizures occurred, and in 33% of these cases more than 12 attacks occurred annually. Six cases of status epilepticus were observed with 2 deaths. The attacks were precipitated by menstruation, alcohol abuse, infection, stressed, television watching. Among the signs accompanying or following the seizures tongue biting and urination prevailed. Neurological signs were demonstrated in 21% of cases, encephalopathy in 65%, other psychic disturbances in 9.5%. Systematic treatment was received by 75% of the patients (over 80% in urban population), and therapy with multiple drugs was most frequent. Drug-resistant epilepsy was found in 34% of cases. The patients from the rural population had a lower educational level and had more children. About 70% of the patients were in employment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Microemulsions as Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (2012)

Microemulsions are nanosized thermodynamically stable transparent, single optically isotropic liquid systems of water, oil and surfactants. The thermodynamic stability, ease of production, high solubilization capacity and small droplet size made them ideal for transdermal drug delivery. Microemulsions can be prepared using various oils, surfactants and cosurfactants. This diversity in composition will affect the type of microemulsion and influence the transdermal drug delivery potential. The use of microemulsions in skin drug delivery has been reviewed previously but a lack of consecutive studies hampered drawing general conclusions on the effect of components and properties on the drug delivery rate. In addition, alternative mechanisms were reported for transdermal delivery from microemulsion. The first is related to the high drug loading capacity. The second is the penetration enhancing effect of the microemulsion components. The third depends on possible entrance of microemulsion components into the skin as monomers, increasing the solubility of the drug in the skin. The fourth depends on the microstructure of the system which provides large surface area of drug transfer. The last mechanism relies on the phase transition of microemulsions which provides a possibility for producing supersaturated system with high thermodynamic activity. Safety is another important factor which can influence the formulation development. This manuscript will critically evaluate skin drug delivery potential of microemulsions. The assessment will also highlight possible mechanisms of action before finally reporting on the safety and the feasibility of microemulsions for scaling up.
PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN FERNS: I. A SURVEY OF SOME FERNS FOR CINNAMIC ACID AND BENZOIC ACID DERIVATIVES (1967)

Forty-six ferns, representing 28 genera and 8 families, were examined for hydroxylated cinnamic acids and benzoic acids. In most plants examined the "basic complement" of cinnamic acids, p-coumaric, caffeic, and ferulic, was present. In these plants p-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, and vanillic acid were generally also present. Of much more limited distribution were sinapic acid, syringic acid, and o-coumaric acid. Coumarin was shown to be present in Dennstaedtia punctilobula, the only fern tested which possessed this type of compound. The data available from three ferns reported in the literature are also included in this survey; one represents an additional family and one represents an additional genus.An experiment with DL-phenylalanine-1- 14 C and DL-phenylalanine-3- 14 C and Cyathea arborea showed the incorporation of label into p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid.
A 120-mW 3-D rendering engine with 6-Mb embedded DRAM and 3.2-GB/s runtime reconfigurable bus for PDA chip (2002)

A low-power three-dimensional (3-D) rendering engine is implemented as part of a mobile personal digital assistant (PDA) chip. Six-megabit embedded DRAM macros attached to 8-pixel-parallel rendering logic are logically localized with a 3.2-GB/s runtime reconfigurable bus, reducing the area by 25% compared with conventional local frame-buffer architectures. The low power consumption is achieved by polygon-dependent access to the embedded DRAM macros with line-block mapping providing read-modify-write data transaction. The 3-D rendering engine with 2.22-Mpolygons/s drawing speed was fabricated using 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS embedded memory logic technology. Its area is 24 mm/sup 2/ and its power consumption is 120 mW.
Regulation and Competition in German Banking: An Assessment (2004)

Abstract Offers an in-depth discussion of regulatory and competitive issues in German banking. Emphasising that regulation, market structure, and competitive conduct are deeply interrelated the authors look at bank regulation from an Industrial Organisation perspective. Special consideration is given to the three-pillar structure of German banking comprising private, public, and co-operative banking institutions as well as to the driving forces that shaped bank regulation and supervision from its beginning in 1931. To assess market structure and competition in Germany’s banking market, the available empirical evidence is carefully discussed. A concluding section points to the challenges stemming from the decision to phase out state-guarantees for public banks.
Emulation of Software Defined Networks Using Mininet in Different Simulation Environments (2015)

In this paper an evaluation of an SDN emulation tool called Mininet is conducted. Tests were conducted to study Mininnet limitations related to the simulation environment, resource capabilities. To evaluate the later, the scalability of Mininet in term of creating many topologies is tested with varying number of nodes and two different environment scenarios. Results show that the simulation environment has a remarkable effect on the required time for building a topology, for instance, the powerful resources scenario needed only 0.19 sec, whereas, 5.611 sec were needed when the resources were less. However, the required time were increased in both scenarios when the number of nodes was increased into 242.842 and 3718.117 sec for the powerful and less capabilities resources respectively.
Assignment of monomer sequences in the carbon-13 and proton NMR spectra of several ethylene-containing Co- and terpolymers by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAssignment of monomer sequences in the carbon-13 and proton NMR spectra of several ethylene-containing Co- and terpolymers by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopyM. D. Bruch and W. G. PayneCite this: Macromolecules 1986, 19, 11, 2712–2721Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00165a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00165a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views126Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A beam pattern-reconfigurable antenna using PIN diodes (2010)

In this paper, the antenna with a practical structure is presented. Firstly, the size of the antenna is decreased from the original geometry by utilizing the image theory. The image theory also plays a role in removing the need for a balun. Secondly, the antenna includes two PIN diodes as switching devices.
Arsenite Regulates Prolongation of Glycan Residues of Membrane Glycoprotein: A Pivotal Study via Wax Physisorption Kinetics and FTIR Imaging (2016)

Arsenic exposure results in several human cancers, including those of the skin, lung, and bladder. As skin cancers are the most common form, epidermal keratinocytes (KC) are the main target of arsenic exposure. The mechanisms by which arsenic induces carcinogenesis remains unclear, but aberrant cell proliferation and dysregulated energy homeostasis play a significant role. Protein glycosylation is involved in many key physiological processes, including cell proliferation and differentiation. To evaluate whether arsenite exposure affected protein glycosylation, the alteration of chain length of glycan residues in arsenite treated skin cells was estimated. Herein we demonstrated that the protein glycosylation was adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent and regulated by arsenite exposure by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) reflectance spectroscopy, synchrotron-radiation-based FTIR (SR-FTIR) microspectroscopy, and wax physisorption kinetics coupled with focal-plane-array-based FTIR (WPK-FPA-FTIR) imaging. We were able to estimate the relative length of surface protein-linked glycan residues on arsenite-treated skin cells, including primary KC and two skin cancer cell lines, HSC-1 and HaCaT cells. Differential physisorption of wax adsorbents adhered to long-chain (elongated type) and short-chain (regular type) glycan residues of glycoprotein of skin cell samples treated with various concentration of arsenite was measured. The physisorption ratio of beeswax remain/n-pentacosane remain for KC cells was increased during arsenite exposure. Interestingly, this increase was reversed after oligomycin (an ATP synthase inhibitor) pretreatment, suggesting the chain length of protein-linked glycan residues is likely ATP-dependent. This is the first study to demonstrate the elongation and termination of surface protein-linked glycan residues using WPK-FPA-FTIR imaging in eukaryotes. Herein the result may provide a scientific basis to target surface protein-linked glycan residues in the process of arsenic carcinogenesis.
Identification of a cathepsin G-like proteinase in the MCTC type of human mast cell. (1990)

Human mast cells can be divided into two subsets based on serine proteinase composition: a subset that contains the serine proteinases tryptase and chymase (MCTC), and a subset that contains only tryptase (MCT). In this study we examined both types of mast cells for two additional proteinases, cathepsin G and elastase, which are the major serine proteinases of neutrophils. Because human mast cell chymase and cathepsin G are both chymotrypsin-like proteinases, the properties of these enzymes were further defined to confirm their distinctiveness. Comparison of their N-terminal sequences showed 30% nonidentity over the first 35 amino acids, and comparison of their amino acid compositions demonstrated a marked difference in their Arg/Lys ratios, which was approximately 1 for chymase and 10 for cathepsin G. Endoglycosidase F treatment increased the electrophoretic mobility of chymase on SDS gels, indicating significant N-linked carbohydrate on chymase; no effect was observed on cathepsin G. Immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting with specific antisera to each proteinase revealed little, if any, detectable cross-reactivity. Immunocytochemical studies showed selective labelling of MCTC type mast cells by cathepsin G antiserum in sections of human skin, lung, and bowel. No labeling of mast cells by elastase antiserum was detected in the same tissues, or in dispersed mast cells from lung and skin. A protein cross-reactive with cathepsin G was identified in extracts of human skin mast cells by immunoblot analysis. This protein had a slightly higher Mr (30,000) than the predominant form of neutrophil cathepsin G (Mr 28,000), and could not be separated from chymase (Mr 30,000) by SDS gel electrophoresis because of the size similarity. Using casein, a protein substrate hydrolyzed at comparable rates by chymase and cathepsin G, it was shown that about 30% of the caseinolytic activity in mast cell extracts was sensitive to inhibitors of cathepsin G that had no effect on chymase. Hydrolytic activity characteristic of elastase was not detected in these extracts. These studies indicate that human MCTC mast cells may contain two different chymotrypsin-like proteinases: chymase and a proteinase more closely related to cathepsin G, both of which are undetectable in MCT mast cells. Neutrophil elastase, on the other hand, was not detected in human mast cells by our procedures.
TREK‐1 K<sup>+</sup>Channels in the Cardiovascular System: Their Significance and Potential as a Therapeutic Target (2010)

Potassium (K(+) ) channels are important in cardiovascular disease both as drug targets and as a cause of underlying pathology. Voltage-dependent K(+) (K(V) ) channels are inhibited by the class III antiarrhythmic agents. Certain vasodilators work by opening K(+) channels in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and K(+) channel activation may also be a route to improving endothelial function. The two-pore domain K(+) (K(2P) ) channels form a group of 15 known channels with an expanding list of functions in the cardiovascular system. One of these K(2P) channels, TREK-1, is the focus of this review. TREK-1 channel activity is tightly regulated by intracellular and extracellular pH, membrane stretch, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), temperature, and receptor-coupled second messenger systems. TREK-1 channels are also activated by volatile anesthetics and some neuroprotectant agents, and they are inhibited by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) as well as amide local anesthetics. Some of the clinical cardiovascular effects and side effects of these drugs may be through their actions on TREK-1 channels. It has recently been suggested that TREK-1 channels have a role in mechano-electrical coupling in the heart. They also seem important in the vascular responses to PUFAs, and this may underlie some of the beneficial cardiovascular effects of the essential dietary fatty acids. Development of selective TREK-1 openers and inhibitors may provide promising routes for intervention in cardiovascular diseases.
다짐 풍화토의 K(o) 압축 삼축시험에서 나타난 파괴이전 흡수응력 특성곡선 (2011)

풍화토의 다짐성형 시료에 대한 삼축시험의 K(o) 압밀 결과를 바탕으로 불포화토에 대한 유효응력 가설을 검증하였다. 흡수응력 특성곡선은 함수특성에 관한 불포화토 거동을 기술하며, 전단강도나 함수특성곡선으로부터 구할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 K(o) 압밀 경로도 흡수응력 특성곡선을 정의할 수 있음을 밝혔다. 그리고 흡수응력에 근거하여 유효응력을 정의할 수 있었다. 다양한 모관흡수력 하에서 K(o) 경로는 유효응력에 의하여 유일한 직선으로 기술될 수 있었다. 또한 측정된 K(o) 값은 유효응력에 의하여 임의의 모관흡수력에 대하여 일정한 값으로 분석되었다. K(o) 압밀 경로로부터 구한 흡수응력 특성곡선은 파괴규준으로부터 구한 것과 일치한다. 특히 함수특성곡선으로부터 구한 흡수응력 특성곡선이 K(o) 압밀 경로 및 파괴시 응력에서 나타나는 유효응력 거동을 모두 일관되게 기술할 수 있었다. 흡수응력 특성곡선에 기반한 유효응력은 압밀에서 파괴에 이르는 불포화토의 전 거동을 기술할 수 있다.
A new type of demountable plastic-molded single-mode multifiber connector (1986)

A demountable optical connector for a single-mode fiber-ribbon has been developed that uses a multi-V-groove molding method. The connector is easily installed for both a single-mode fiber-ribbon and individual monocoated fibers. The connecting loss due to errors in ferrule fabrication has been analyzed in detail. The fabricated five-fiber connector exhibited an average connecting loss of 0.5 dB and loss changes of approximately ±0.1 dB for repeated reconnections.
[Chronic congenital Coxsackie virus infection in the etiology of allergic disease in children]. (2000)

The authors prove the involvement of congenital Coxsackie virus infection in the etiology of allergic diseases in children: 1) indications of high risk of vertical transmission of viruses of this group from mothers with persistent infection to children are more incident in the history of mothers whose children develop allergies in comparison with healthy age-matched children (83 vs. 38.8%); 2) Coxsackie viruses are detected in sick children more often than in healthy ones (58.1-81.1 vs. 7.4%); 3) the persistence of Coxsackie A and B viruses is confirmed in the majority of patients examined over time; 4) in the mothers examined in parallel with their sick children Coxsackie viruses were detected virtually as often as in their children; and 5) reduction of endogenous chronic Coxsackie infection by energy metabolism correction in the risk group women during pregnancy prevents the development of allergic diseases in their children.
A Method for Estimating Effective Porosity and Ground‐Water Velocity (1991)

Abstract Estimates of ground‐water velocity, based either on Darcy's law or on the single‐well drift and pumpback tracer method, require prior knowledge of effective porosity. That is, after field data have been collected, the equation for ground‐water velocity, using either method, still contains the two unknowns, velocity and porosity. If the local hydraulic gradient is known and if a drift and pumpback tracer test is conducted at a well whose hydraulic conductivity has been determined, two independent functional relationships between velocity and porosity are established. By treating these functions as nonlinear simultaneous equations, a unique solution for the local velocity and porosity can be obtained.
Properties and applications of diamondlike carbon films (1984)

An ion beam deposition system has been used to deposit thin films of carbon with many diamondlike properties [S. Aisenberg and R. Chabot, J. Appl. Phys. 42, 2953 (1971)] which were subsequently confirmed by others [E.G. Spencer, P. H. Schmidt, P. C. Joy, and F. J. Sansalone, Appl. Phys. Lett. 29, 118 (1976)]. Included among properties are transparency, chemical inertness, strong substrate adhesion, high index of refraction, low optical loss over a wide spectra range (visible up to 40 mμ), and with resistivities ranging from 109 to 1016 Ω cm. The films have been observed by SEM to be much smoother than the substrates. An explanation of this effect is that the free surface energy of the mobile surface atoms is much higher (over an order of magnitude) than of liquid metals. The higher free surface energy (erg/cm2 or surface tension in dyne/cm) of the nonequilibrium surface atoms provides a stronger driving force towards minimum surface energy and minimum area and very smooth surface. One interesting application of this diamondlike carbon deposition process is hermetic barrier coatings on optical fibers (to reduce loss of strength with time normally due to water vapor and stress corrosion) and on suboptical memory disks, to give longer archive lifetimes.
Modeling and Optimization of End Effector Layout for Handling Compliant Sheet Metal Parts (2000)

Material handling of compliant parts is one of the most critical and underresearched problems in the sheet metal stamping industry. The fundamental shortcoming of currently studied material handling systems for sheet metal stamping is the lack of analysis of its impact on part dimensional quality and production throughput. This paper addresses this problem by development of a generic methodology for modeling and optimization of part holding end-effector layout in order to minimize part dimensional deformation during handling operations. The methodology extends the design of “N-2-1” fixturing layout by adding part movability conditions. It considers part CAD model, handling direction and motion kinematic parameters to determine the best end effector layout. This methodology is realized by integrating FEM part and loading modeling with the optimization algorithm. It can be implemented into the design stage of a stamping line so that the trial and error process, which is current industrial practice, can be greatly shortened and the production throughput increased. Experimental results verify the proposed part holding end-effector layout methodology.
Ribavirin therapy for hepatitis C infection following liver transplantation (1995)

Abstract Hepatitis C infection following orthotopic liver transplantation may lead to progressive chronic graft dysfunction. In this study, seven liver transplant recipients with chronic allograft dysfunction due to hepatitis C infection (one acquired and six recurrent infections) were treated with oral ribavirin for 6 months. Symptoms of lethargy, nausea and anorexia improved in all patients within 2 weeks of starting the drug, with a fall in serum AST of at least 40 % by this time. Ribavirin-induced haemolysis was clinically
Partial Achilles Tendon Ruptures Associated with Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics: A Case Report and Literature Review (1996)

Fluoroquinolone antibiotics (such as olprofloxacin, pefloxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, temafloxacin, etc.) have recently been implicated in the etiology of Achilles tendinitis and subsequent tendon rupture. We report on a patient with bilateral partial Achilles tendon ruptures associated with ciprofloxacin therapy and present a review of the current literature on this increasingly recognized complication. Treatment with fluoroquinolones should be discontinued at the first sign of tendon inflammation so as to reduce the risk of subsequent rupture. Magnetic resonance imaging is useful in distinguishing between Achilles tendinitis and partial tendon rupture.