gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative determination of sulfur compounds in FCC gasolines by AED. A study of the effect of catalyst type and catalytic conditions on sulfur distribution (1993)

Abstract The identification and quantification of sulfur‐containing compounds in gasoline has become an area of interest because of impending legislation regulating total sulfur levels in these fuels. To study the effects of catalyst type and catalytic conditions on gasoline sulfur distribution, a method has been developed employing both the compound‐independent and element‐specific response of the atomic emission detector (AED). Calibration and quantification can be accomplished even where standards are not available, owing to the nature of the AED response. Compounds were separated on a thick film polydimethylsiloxane column. An external calibration curve was applied to the area responses of individual sulfur components in the sulfur chromatogram, and the concentrations of each were calculated. Summation of these sulfur concentrations over the gasoline range yields the total sulfur content of the gasoline. The method is applicable to the determination of these compounds in raw crude oils, finished gasolines, fluid cracking catalyst (FCC) unit gasolines, and fluid catalytic cracking “model” compound studies. A prefractionating column was employed to remove heavy (>C 13 ) materials; prefractionation is not, however, necessary for distilled or commercial gasoline samples. Detection limits, linearity, detector stability, and accuracy are discussed.
Hormonal regulation of the expression of la antigens on mammary gland epithelium (1980)

Guinea pig and mouse mammary gland epithelial cells express Ia antigen-like molecules that react specifically with a rabbit anti-Ia antigen antiserum. The murine Ia antigen-like molecules were shown to share alloantigenic determinants with regular spleen cell Ia antigens. The expression of the mammary gland Ia antigens is under hormonal control, i.e. the Ia antigen expression is induced by pregnancy and lactation and can also be induced by the exogenous administration of lactotropic hormones.
An unusual oxidative dimerization of 2-(vinyloxy)phenols (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn unusual oxidative dimerization of 2-(vinyloxy)phenolsKevin F. West and Harold W. MooreCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 15, 2809–2812Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00189a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00189a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views266Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Serum monoclonal antibodies derived from patients with multiple myeloma react with mycobacterial phosphoinositides and nuclear antigens. (1989)

The sera of 46 patients with multiple myeloma were examined for the presence of anti-tuberculosis (TB) glycolipids antibodies. In positive sera samples, anti-polynucleotides, anti-histones, anti-cardiolipin, anti-Sm and anti-RNP activities were sought. Antibodies against three different mycobacterial glycolipids were detected in 10 of the 46 sera. Three (P429, P557, P5) showed high titres of antibodies against all three different TB glycolipids. Of the 10 reactive samples, two antibodies were purified (P429, P557). P557 reacted with various polynucleotides and other antigens tested (Sm, RNP, cardiolipin, histones). One immunoglobulin (P207) which showed high activity against Sm and RNP had no activity against TB glycolipids and was employed as a control. The cross-reactivity between mycobacterial glycolipids and the nuclear antigens was further established by bi-directional competition assays with P429 and P557. Our study shows a high incidence (22%) of anti-TB glycolipids antibodies in sera of patients with monoclonal gammopathies, some of which show anti-DNA and other anti-nuclear antigens activities. This is additional evidence for the mycobacterial-nuclear antigen cross-reactivity which may suggest a possible role of infection (e.g., tuberculosis) in autoimmune diseases.
INTERFERON SYNTHESIS IN X-IRRADIATED ANIMALS, IV. DONOR-TYPE SERUM INTERFERONS IN RAT-TO-MOUSE RADIATION CHIMERAS INJECTED WITH NEW CASTLE DISEASE VIRUS (1969)

C(3)H/He mice were exposed to total-body X-irradiation of 1000 roentgens and received thereafter 10(7) xenogeneic Wistar rat marrow cells intravenously. In these rat-to-mouse chimeras, serum interferon-producing capacity upon injection of Newcastle disease virus was examined four weeks after grafting. Normal levels of circulating interferon were produced. The interferon, however, had the species specificity of rat interferon, being 20 times more active in rat embryo fibroblasts than in mouse embryo fibroblasts. Moreover, it behaved like rat interferon when filtered on Sephadex G-100 dextran gel, displaying one peak of activity in the 90,000 molecular-weight range and two incompletely separated peaks of 32,000 and 24,000, respectively, in the 30,000 molecular-weight region. The fact that the interferon is of the donor type in rat-to-mouse chimeras permits us to conclude that circulating interferon induced by New-castle disease virus is made in bone-marrow-derived cells.
Atmospheric testing of wind turbine trailing edge aerodynamic brakes (1997)

An experimental investigation was conducted using an instrumented horizontal-axis wind turbine that incorporated variable span trailing-edge aerodynamic brakes. A primary goal was to directly compare study results with (infinite-span) wind tunnel data and to provide information on how to account for device span effects during turbine design or analysis. Comprehensive measurements were utilized to define effective changes in the aerodynamic coefficients, as a function of angle of attack and control deflection, for three device spans and configurations. Differences in the lift and drag behavior are most pronounced near stall and for device spans of less than 15%. Drag performance is affected only minimally (<70%) for 15% or larger span devices. Interestingly, aerodynamic controls with characteristic vents or openings appear most affected by span reductions and three-dimensional flow.
Integration of electric, calcium, reactive oxygen species and hydraulic signals during rapid systemic signaling in plants (2021)

Abstract The sensing of abiotic stress, mechanical injury, or pathogen attack by a single plant tissue results in the activation of systemic signals that travel from the affected tissue to the entire plant, alerting it of an impending stress or pathogen attack. This process is essential for plant survival during stress and is termed systemic signaling. Among the different signals triggered during this process are calcium, electric, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hydraulic signals. These are thought to propagate at rapid rates through the plant vascular bundles and to regulate many of the systemic processes essential for plant survival. Although the different signals activated during systemic signaling are thought to be interlinked, their coordination and hierarchy remain to be determined. Here, using a combination of advanced whole-plant imaging and hydraulic pressure measurements, we studied the activation of all four systemic signals in wild type and different Arabidopsis thaliana mutants subjected to a local high light (HL) stress or wounding. Our findings reveal that in response to wounding systemic changes in membrane potential, calcium, ROS, and hydraulic pressure are coordinated by glutamate receptor-like (GLR) proteins 3.3 and 3.6, while in response to HL the respiratory burst oxidase homolog D-driven systemic ROS signal could be separated from systemic changes in membrane potential and calcium levels. We further determine that plasmodesmata functions are required for systemic changes in membrane potential, calcium, and ROS during systemic signaling. Our findings shed new light on the different mechanisms that integrate different systemic signals in plants during stress. Significance statement The ability of plants to transmit a signal from a stressed or wounded tissue to the entire plant, termed systemic signaling, is key to plant survival during conditions of environmental stress. At least four different systemic signals are thought to be involved in this process: electric, calcium, reactive oxygen and hydraulic. However, how are they coordinated and whether they can be stress-specific is mostly unknown. Here we report that different types of stimuli can induce different types of systemic signals that may or may not be linked with each other. We further reveal that hydraulic waves can be actively regulated in plants in response to wounding, and that proteins that regulate plasmodesmata pores play a key role in systemic signaling.
Radiographic anthropometry in patients with multiple epiphyseal dysplasia. (1997)

Anthropometry is useful to detect involvement of a child in a family with MED. For this particular family, anthropometry had a high positive predictive value.
Conformance theory development: semantics, formal models, algorithms (2014)

The paper covers theoretical and practical works on conformance testing performed in ISP RAS since 1994 till now. The conformance theory development was done in various directions and, in the whole, was characterized by generalization of the interaction semantics, models and conformances in use. The necessity of such generalization was imposed, first of all, by requirements of testing practice. It is true for such system properties as nondeterminism, partial specified, asynchronous behavior, diversity of test stimuli and observations of the implementation behavior etc. It was always focused on testing effectiveness defined both by optimization of tests suites and by test generation algorithms including on-the-fly. We consider the main milestones on this way in a brief and informal discussion, paying attention not to details, but to the main problems and their solutions trying to reveal the common tendency of the development
Inhibiting oxidation of tungsten at high temperatures (1980)

Coating of mixed ceramics protects tungsten from oxidation. Originally suggested for critical tungsten components on Space Shuttle, mixture consists of 98.5 percent aluminum oxide and 1.5 percent silicon dioxide. It is particularly useful in welding when there is danger that welding arc can burn adjacent components. If coating is applied to nearby tungsten parts, it prevents arcing.
Long‐term observations of carbonaceous aerosols in the Austral Ocean atmosphere: Evidence of a biogenic marine organic source (2009)

Long‐term observations of carbonaceous aerosols in the Austral Ocean are reported here for the first time from almost 5 years of continuous filter sampling performed at Amsterdam Island (37°48′S, 77°34′E). Black carbon concentrations determined by optical method were among the lowest reported for marine atmosphere, with monthly mean levels ranging from 2–5 ng C/m 3 during summer to 7–13 ng C/m 3 during winter. A clear seasonal pattern was also observed for organic aerosols, but in opposite phase, with maximum values during the austral summer period (>250 ng C/m 3 ) and minimum concentrations (100 ng C/m 3 ) during winter. This seasonal variation of organic concentration was found to be almost entirely related to the water‐insoluble organic carbon fraction, suggesting a primary origin for these organics, most probably through bubble bursting processes. Moreover, this summer maximum observed for organic aerosols was found to be correlated with satellite‐derived chlorophyll a concentrations averaged over an oceanic region upwind of the sampling site and characterized by relatively high biogenic activity. This oceanic region being located at 1000–2000 km far away from the monitoring station, atmospheric ageing may have played a significant role on the levels and size‐resolved properties of marine organics collected at Amsterdam Island. This biogenic marine organic source of primary origin in the Austral Ocean is fully consistent with similar observations previously reported for the Northern Atlantic Ocean and brings further evidences of the major role of marine organic emissions over remote oceanic regions.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Mediated Decarbonylative Cross‐Coupling of Phthalimides with in situ Generated Diorganozinc Reagents. (2011)

Abstract The process allows a new and efficient access to ortho‐substituted benzamides.
Design and analysis of photonic crystal for performance enhancement of carbon nanotube based infrared sensors (2010)

The photonic crystals of parylene and silicon dielectric media for infrared light localization are analyzed in this paper. The Bloch's theorem is adopted to calculate the infrared light transmission in two-dimensional photonic crystal. First, the band gap diagrams for photonic crystal of parylene and silicon are calculated and compared respectively. It is revealed that the photonic crystal of parylene rods in air has a bigger band gap for TM than that for TE mode. In the photonic crystal of air hole in dielectric slab, the stop band width for TE mode is bigger than that for TM wave, and the band gap of silicon photonic crystal is more obvious than that of parylene slab. The energy distribution and boundary condition of electrical field in the interface of dielectric media are considered to be responsible for the reason of the band gap differences for TE and TM wave. Second, the band gap vs. air hole radius of parylene and silicon photonic crystal is obtained, which shows the relationship of stop band width vs. air hole radius. Third, the infrared light localization in point defect is found, and the electrical field profiles for both parylene and silicon photonic crystals are shown. The central point defect in photonic crystal acts as a resonant cavity to confine infrared light and reach high photon density. Finally, the energy confinement efficiency vs. lattice arrangement of photonic crystal is calculated, which can be useful for photonic crystal design and fabrication.
The Effect of Opioid Dose and Treatment Duration on the Perception of a Painful Standardized Clinical Stimulus (2008)

The results of this study bolster preclinical and experimental pain models demonstrating enhanced pain perception in subjects receiving opioid therapy. This simple clinical model may provide a useful tool in examining opioid-induced hyperalgesia.
Molecular flow resonance Raman effect from retinal and rhodopsin (1976)

We have performed resonance enhanced Raman measurements of retinal isomers in solution (all-trans, 11-cis, 9-cis, and 13-cis) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) detergent extracts of bovine rhodopsin near physiological temperatures (17 degrees C). In order to measure these photolabile systems, we have developed a general technique which allows Raman measurements of any photosensitive material. This technique involves imposing a molecular velocity transverse to the Raman exciting laser beam sufficient to ensure that any given molecule moves through the beam so that it has little probability of absorbing a photon. We have also measured the resonance Raman spectra of crystals of the same retinal isomers. The data show that each isomer has a distinct and characteristic Raman spectra and that the spectrum of 11-cis-retinal is quite similar but not identical with that of rhodopsin and similarly for 9-cis-retinal compared with isorhodopsin. In agreement with previous work, the Raman data demonstrate that retinal and opsin are joined by a protonated Schiff base. Due to the fact that the Raman spectra of 11-cis-retinal (solution) and rhodopsin show bands near 998 and 1018 cm(-1), a spectral region previously assigned to C-Me stretching motions, it is suggested that 11-cis-retinal in solution is compased of a mixture of 12-s-trans and 12-s-cis, and that the conformation of rhodopsin is (perhaps distorted) 12-s-trans.
Efficacy of Combined Regenerative Treatments in Human Mandibular Class II Furcation Defects (2009)

ET exhibited significantly better clinical results, with more PD reduction, HAL and VAL gains, and a higher frequency of furcation closure compared to OFD and showed promise as a regenerative treatment technique. The ability to predict a response to treatment based upon pretreatment parameters was not consistent between groups; thus, prediction of treatment outcomes based on pretreatment measurements should be carefully evaluated for each treatment modality.
Traffic Safety Study: Empirical Bayes or Full Bayes? (2007)

In traffic safety studies, empirical Bayes (EB) methods have been widely applied for identifying hotspot locations and evaluating the effectiveness of countermeasures due to their sensible and uncomplicated construct. Recently, however, some traffic safety researchers have been advocating the full Bayes (FB) approach as a better alternative to EB for analyses of accident data. While it has been argued that FB is more flexible in accounting for full uncertainties in model parameters and accident risk estimates than EB, little is known about their relative merits and practical differences in terms of traffic safety analyses. This paper presents the results of a large scale simulation study on the performance of these two approaches as applied for hotspot identification. It was found that the full Bayes estimators performed better than the EB estimators when working with datasets with small number of sites (observations) and characterized by an overall low mean accident frequency. However, when the dataset is sufficiently large (e.g. over 300 sites), these two approaches yielded practically the same results.
The effect of desferrithiocin, an oral iron chelator, on T-cell function (1990)

Desferrithiocin is a new, potent, orally available iron chelator. To determine whether this drug might be useful not only for iron-overload but also for immunosuppression, we studied the in vitro effects of desferrithiocin on T-lymphocyte function. Like deferoxamine, desferrithiocin inhibited, in a dose-dependent fashion, mitogen- and lectin-induced proliferation of both human and murine T cells. It was active at a concentration of 10 micrograms/mL. The inhibition of proliferation was reversed by ferrous chloride, but not by other metal salts, recombinant IL-2, or conditioned medium. Desferrithiocin also inhibited proliferation of constitutively dividing, and factor-independent EBV-transformed B cell and leukemic T-cell lines. Although desferrithiocin inhibited the induction of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity, it did not inhibit CTL- or natural killer-induced cytotoxicity. The agent did not inhibit the expression of activation antigens such as the IL-2 receptor on T cells, nor early measures of T-cell activation such as the influx of intracellular calcium. Thus, desferrithiocin, like deferoxamine, is a potent and reversible inhibitor of T-cell proliferation. This anti-proliferative effect inhibits T-cell function. Bioavailability after oral administration is a unique property of desferrithiocin, and would make it an attractive alternative to deferoxamine. Its immunomodulating properties may therefore be exploited in vivo to inhibit graft rejection or autoreactive T cells.
Best Practice in Understanding and Managing Lost Circulation Challenges (2008)

Summary Lost circulation has been one of the major challenges that cause much nonproductive rig time each year. With recent advances, curing lost circulation has migrated from "plugging a hole" to "borehole strengthening" that involves more rock mechanics and engineering. These advances have improved the industry's understanding of mechanisms that can eventually be translated into better solutions and higher success rates. This paper provides a review of the current status of the approaches and a further understanding on some controversial points. There are two general approaches to lost circulation solutions: proactive and corrective, based on whether lost circulation has occurred or not at the time of the application. This paper provides a review of both approaches and discusses the pros and cons related to different methods—from an understanding of rock mechanics and operational challenges.
Kinetics and mechanism of catalytic hydroprocessing of components of coal-derived liquids. Second quarterly report, August 15, 1979-November 15, 1979 (1980)

An asphaltene-containing SRC-II coal liquid derived from Powhatan No. 5 mine coal and produced in the Ft. Lewis demonstration plant has been selected for study of catalytic hydroprocessing reactions. Analytical separation by liquid chromatography is being carried out to produce nine distinct fractions from 1 kg of coal liquid. These fractions will be used as feeds to high-pressure catalytic flow microreactors. Hydroprocessing of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons under industrially relevant conditions has shown that these are much more reactive than benzene. The reaction networks involve reversible hydrogenation and isomerization, and significant concentrations of hydroaromatic (hydrogen-donor) species are attainable under practical conditions. Hydroprocessing of solutions containing the following combinations of compounds has also been studied: quinoline/indole, quinoline/indole/dibenzothiophene, and quinoline/indole/naphthalene. Four of the types of compounds, or potential lumps, in coal-derived liquids are basic nitrogen, nonbasic nitrogen, sulfur, and aromatic compounds. It is desired to determine how these compounds interact and compete with each other in hydroprocessing and how these interactions depend on hydrogen partial pressure. Four model compounds, quinoline, indole, dibenzothiophene, and naphthalene, have been selected to represent compounds in each group. These compounds, in different proportions with hydrogen, were allowed to react in a batch autoclave reactor.
Status report on the advanced photon source: Spring 1994 (1995)

Facility construction is presented for the conventional facilities, central laboratory/Office building, and the user residence facility. Accelerator systems are described in terms of commissioning and control system hardware. Insertion devices, front-end components, and monochromators are depicted in the experimental facilities. The operating energy and beam stability are discussed in terms of operations objectives. Collaborative access teams efforts are presented for the memoranda of understanding, CAT funding, and foreign participation in research at APS.