gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The HVAC Control Technology Making Energy Saving Compatible with Comfort (2010)

The new air-conditioning control technology for the energy saving for buildings is proposed. The method is mainly focused on the compatibility of energy savings and comfort. The energy saving is achieved through the next generation air handling unit that controls room humidity without energy loss and the optimal operation of HVAC (Heating, Ventilating and air-conditioning) system, manipulating the supplying airflow temperature to the rooms, room temperature and the humidity. The comfort is kept by the index (PMV: Predicted Mean Vote) that calculated with room temperature, humidity, radiation temperature, wind velocity and so on. In order to find the HVAC system operation conditions that satisfy the comfort and energy saving at the same time, very large-scale nonlinear programming with nonlinear constraints must be solved on real time basis. To make the programming of the system practical, the driving function loaded onto a control computer is introduced. The function is made by the spline interpolation to achieve calculation stable and to adapt to various HVAC operation modes. The effectiveness of the HVAC control technology is proved through a building HVAC data and the simulations using the data.
Changes in the Volatile Acids During the Baking of Sherry Wine by the Tressler Baking Process (1960)

The volatile acids of sherry wine prepared by the Tressler Process were isolated and identified as propionic, acetic, formic, and lactic acids. The changes in concentration of these acids during the baking process were followed.
Raman imaging of patterned silicon using a solid immersion lens (1998)

We show an enhanced spatial resolution using a solid immersion lens by directly imaging the Raman scattered light from silicon masked by periodic metal lines. A glass hemisphere solid immersion lens with an index of refraction n=1.868 at 488 nm is used in conjunction with a 100×0.8 numerical aperture objective to obtain the enhanced spatial resolution. The increased numerical aperture is demonstrated by a direct line scan over the periodic metal lines. Compared with near-field optical microscopy, the solid immersion lens technique overcomes the difficulty of limited excitation power obtainable with tapered fibers, while providing excellent spatial resolution which in principle could be extended to the 0.1 μm range.
A technique for measuring the dynamic behavior of materials at high temperatures (1998)

A new experimental technique has been developed for the performance of high temperature, high-strain-rate experiments in the compression Kolsky bar (split-Hopkinson pressure bar or SHPB). The new technique (referred to as the High-Temperature Compression Kolsky Bar or HTCKB) uses an infra-red spot-heater to rapidly heat the specimen to the desired temperature, a!nd an electropneumatic actuation system to minimize the development of temperature gradients in the sample. The technique is cheap and relatively easy to implement and yet provides accurate, repeatable results. As an illustration of the application of the technique, we have examined the high-temperature response of the BCC metal vanadium at high-strain rates. Stress–strain curves are obtained for the material at strain rates of 4 × 103 s−1 and at temperatures ranging from 300 to 1100 K (27–800°C). Quasistatic (10−3 s−1) experiments have also been performed on vanadium over a slightly smaller range of temperatures, and the results are compared with the new high-temperature, high-strain-rate data. It is observed that the rate of thermal softening is a function of the strain rate. These results illustrate the importance of including the coupling between temperature and strain r!ate in thermoviscoplastic constitutive models.
Cellular responses to various levels of sustained delivery of testosterone in the ventral prostate. (1997)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of various dosages of testosterone (T) delivered in a sustained manner by means of tricalcium phosphate-lysine (TCPL) delivery system on morphological changes of prostatic tissue using adult male rats as a model. In this experiment, adult male rats (250-300 g BW) were randomly divided into five equal groups (n = 8). Rats in group I, II, and III were castrated and implanted subcutaneously with TCPL loaded with three different dosages (10, 100 and 200 mg T, respectively) of T. Rats in group IV were castrated and implanted with sharm TCPL capsules, and rats in group V served as intact unimplanted controls. Surgical aseptic techniques were performed according to standard laboratory procedures. At the end of 4 and 12 weeks post implantation, four animals from each group were sacrificed and the prostate tissues were collected, weighted, and embedded for histo-pathological evaluations. Data collected from this study have shown that exogenous intake of T delivered in a sustained manner for twelve weeks induced several pathophysiological conditions in ventral prostatic tissue in comparison to the control and sham operated groups. This phenomenon was found to be directly proportional to the dose or the level of sustained delivery. The results demonstrated that the use of 10 mg filled TCPL implants decreased the total mass weight of ventral prostate. Light microscopic evaluation of this group (Group I) revealed a cellular adaptation through an atrophy in the epithelium component. Cytopathological observations such as low cuboidal and thin glands, pleomorphism, and occasional presence of connective tissue stroma were detected. In contrast, ventral prostate collected from animals implanted with TCPL filled with 200 mg T (Group III) showed a significant increase in weights of the wet prostatic tissues in comparison to all groups. Histopathological evaluations demonstrated the following. (i) prostatic hypertrophy alone, or in conjunction with hyperplasia of the epithelial cells, (ii) less connective tissue stroma in comparison to the control group, (iii) occasional involvement of mitotic figures, and (iv) increased angiogenesis. No significant change was observed in those animals implanted with TCPL capsules containing 100 mg T compared to the intact control animals.
Functions (2011)

Just like C, a packetC function is a discrete subprogram that can be invoked from multiple places in the program text and that returns a value (which may be of type void). The function call or function enable can associate a set of values with a corresponding set of variables declared as the function's parameters, which act as variables local to the called function. C programmers will find packetC functions to play the same role and operate in a familiar manner. In addition, functions play new roles in packetC in support of parallel processing and scoping for the purposes of data hiding.KeywordsFunction CallReturn StatementFormal ArgumentShared ModuleActual ArgumentThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Dialysability of Theophylline (1978)

We have shown that theophylline is highly dialysable with an average dialysis clearance of 76 ml/min approaching 63% of urea clearance with hemodialysis. Implications include dose adjustment during dialysis and efficacy of dialytic technique in the treatment of theophylline intoxication.
Integrated photonic devices for fiber optic communication systems (2003)

Fabrication and epitaxial growth technology for III-V semiconductor devices have developed to the point where substantial levels of photonic integration are now feasible. Both highly complex and simple photonic integrated devices are currently the subjects of much active research and product development. These efforts are motivated by the many potential advantages of photonic integration, reduced size, lower power consumption, increased functionality, higher performance and above all else lower cost. We discuss two different examples of photonic integrated devices that demonstrate some of the significant performance advantages that can be achieved with this technology. Both devices are fabricated using our deep ridge buried heterostructure technology that combines both SAG and butt joint epitaxial techniques to obtain the maximum flexibility in the device design. The first device is a high-speed modulator with an integrated phase shifter that enables the transmitter chirp to be dynamically tuned. This enables the transmission performance to be optimized for different amounts of fiber dispersion. In this device the phase shifter can be driven either with a synchronous sinusoidal source or a complementary data modulation. By varying either the amplitude of the drive signal or the bias on the phase modulator the chirp of the transmitted optical pulses can be controlled. For synchronous sinusoidal or narrowband chirp control a single frequency drive signal synchronized with the data modulation is applied to the phase modulator. This signal can be used to apply either positive or negative chirp to the transmitted data bits by varying the phase and amplitude of the drive signal. A more sophisticated approach uses the complement of the data modulation signal to drive the phase modulator. This method referred to as broadband chirp control provides better compensation since it applies frequency chirp only to the transitions in the signal.
A Marker‐Based Approach to Broadening the Genetic Base of Rice in the USA (2004)

The narrow genetic base of U.S. rice ( Oryza sativa L.) cultivars poses a challenge for long‐term improvements of yield and other agronomic traits. Molecular marker analysis can be used to quantify the diversity of U.S. rice varieties in comparison with worldwide germplasm accessions and can provide useful information for developing rational strategies to broaden the genetic base of U.S. rice. In this study, the genetic diversity of 236 rice accessions was investigated on the basis of genotypic evaluation at 113 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and 60 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. A total of 274 RFLP and 714 SSR alleles were detected in the entire dataset. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) values were 0.36 for the RFLP and 0.66 for the SSR markers. The entire 236‐accession collection was analyzed as two subsets: the U.S. collection, consisting of 125 cultivars bred in the USA, and the world collection, consisting of 111 diverse rice accessions collected from 22 other countries around the world. The accessions from the world collection represented 99% of the total RFLP and 96% of the SSR diversity, while the cultivars from the USA contained 82% of RFLP and 56% of SSR alleles. Significant differences in allele frequencies were observed between the world and U.S. collections and between older U.S. cultivars and their modern derivatives. A diverse subset of 31 rice cultivars (13% of the 236 cultivars) was identified that embodied 95% of RFLP and 74% of SSR alleles. This subset can be used in the development of core collections and offers an efficient source of genetic diversity for future crop improvement.
Development of a technique for mercury speciation and quantification using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (1997)

One element of concern to DOE is mercury. Mercury was used extensively at the DOE facilities in Oak Ridge, Tennessee from 1950 to 1963 in the process of making lithium deuteride, a component of nuclear weapons. Although both the inorganic and organometallic forms of mercury are toxic to humans, the organic compounds are often more toxic. Since the toxicity of mercury is a function of its chemical form, an understanding of the interactions between commercially discharged mercury, naturally occurring mercury, and the environment in which they are present is vital. In this report, the authors have been investigating gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for the analysis of both the organometallic and inorganic forms of mercury in the same environmental sample (e.g., solutions, soils, and sludges). Although gas chromatography is the classical technique for analyzing organic molecules, (e.g., organometallic compounds) little has been done on the analysis of inorganic compounds. In a previous publication, the authors described how a solid phase microextraction (SPME) fiber could be used to sample organomercurials from aqueous samples. An alkylation reaction was then carried out to transform chemically mercury nitrate into dimethylmercury; subsequent GC/MS analysis of this compound permitted quantification of the inorganic constituent. Subsequently, several different alkylation reagents have been synthesized that methylate any inorganic mercury compound to methylmercury iodide. Here, the authors report results on alkylation reaction time and the effect of pH on the population of the product.
Integrated database system for mobile dietary assessment and analysis (2011)

Of the 10 leading causes of death in the US, 6 are related to diet. Unfortunately, methods for real-time assessment and proactive health management of diet do not currently exist. There are only minimally successful tools for historical analysis of diet and food consumption available. In this paper, we present an integrated database system that provides a unique perspective on how dietary assessment can be accomplished. We have designed three interconnected databases: an image database that contains data generated by food images, an experiments database that contains data related to nutritional studies and results from the image analysis, and finally an enhanced version of a nutritional database by including both nutritional and visual descriptions of each food. We believe that these databases provide tools to the healthcare community and can be used for data mining to extract diet patterns of individuals and/or entire social groups.
THE HEATS OF FUSION OF THE CADMIUM HALIDES, MERCURIC CHLORIDE AND BISMUTH BROMIDE<sup>1</sup> (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE HEATS OF FUSION OF THE CADMIUM HALIDES, MERCURIC CHLORIDE AND BISMUTH BROMIDE1L. E. Topol and L. D. RansomCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1960, 64, 9, 1339–1340Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100838a508https://doi.org/10.1021/j100838a508research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views39Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Reduction of peak-to-average power ratio in transform domain communication systems (2009)

Transform Domain Communication Systems (TDCS) are spectrum-scavenging systems which modulate data by a waveform whose magnitude is non-zero only in unused frequency bins, and whose phase is pseudo-random. This creates a noise-like waveform suitable for secure, low probability of intercept (LPI) communications, as well as spectrum-sharing applications. However, it also creates a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). We investigate PAPR reduction in TDCS by modifying the projection onto complex sets approach for multicarrier systems. Simulations show that adequate PAPR reduction is achieved, transmitter-receiver waveform mismatches are not exacerbated by PAPR reduction, and the resulting waveform is still LPI.
Safety Precautions and Operating Procedures in an (A)BSL-4 Laboratory: 1. Biosafety Level 4 Suit Laboratory Suite Entry and Exit Procedures (2016)

Biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) suit laboratories are specifically designed to study high-consequence pathogens for which neither infection prophylaxes nor treatment options exist. The hallmarks of these laboratories are: custom-designed airtight doors, dedicated supply and exhaust airflow systems, a negative-pressure environment, and mandatory use of positive-pressure ("space") suits. The risk for laboratory specialists working with highly pathogenic agents is minimized through rigorous training and adherence to stringent safety protocols and standard operating procedures. Researchers perform the majority of their work in BSL-2 laboratories and switch to BSL-4 suit laboratories when work with a high-consequence pathogen is required. Collaborators and scientists considering BSL-4 projects should be aware of the challenges associated with BSL-4 research both in terms of experimental technical limitations in BSL-4 laboratory space and the increased duration of such experiments. Tasks such as entering and exiting the BSL-4 suit laboratories are considerably more complex and time-consuming compared to BSL-2 and BSL-3 laboratories. The focus of this particular article is to address basic biosafety concerns and describe the entrance and exit procedures for the BSL-4 laboratory at the NIH/NIAID Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick. Such procedures include checking external systems that support the BSL-4 laboratory, and inspecting and donning positive-pressure suits, entering the laboratory, moving through air pressure-resistant doors, and connecting to air-supply hoses. We will also discuss moving within and exiting the BSL-4 suit laboratories, including using the chemical shower and removing and storing positive-pressure suits.
Validity of the sonar equation and Babinet’s principle for scattering in a stratified medium (2002)

The sonar equation rests on the assumption that received sound pressure level after scattering can be written in decibels as a sum of four terms: source level, transmission loss from the source to the target, target strength, and transmission loss from the target to the receiver. This assumption is generally not valid for scattering in a shallow water waveguide and can lead to large errors and inconsistencies in estimating a target's scattering properties as well as its limiting range of detection. By application of coherent waveguide scattering theory, the sonar equation is found to become approximately valid in a shallow water waveguide when the object's complex scatter function is roughly constant over the equivalent horizontal grazing angles +/- delta psi spanned by the dominant waveguide modes. This is approximately true (1) for all objects of spatial extent L and wavelength lambda when 2delta psi<lambda/2L and (2) for spheres and certain other rounded objects in nonforward scatter azimuths, even when (1) does not hold. The sonar equation may be made valid by lowering the active frequency of operation in a waveguide. This is often desirable because it greatly simplifies the analysis necessary for target classification and localization. Similarly, conditions are given for when Babinet's principle becomes approximately valid in a shallow water waveguide.
Dlastolic Pressure-Volume Relationship in the Canine Left Ventricle (1971)

Analysis of the passive pressure-volume filling curve of the left ventricle demonstrates that heart size and ventricular geometry exert major effects on the pressure-volume curve in the absence of changes in intrinsic muscle stiffness. Because the pressure-volume relationship is curvilinear, both quantitative and qualitative comparison of pressure-volume curves from different hearts is difficult. In the fresh isolated canine left ventricle, the pressure-volume relation was found to be almost perfectly exponential throughout a range of filling pressures from 5 to 30 mm Hg. Therefore, a precise linear and quantitative expression of the pressure-volume relation (dP/dV=aP+b) was developed (r=0.995). The effect of isolated changes in either initial ventricular volume (mean δa=3.1%) or ventricular geometry (mean δa=27.1%) upon the slope, or a constant of this function was small in comparison to changes induced by rigor mortis (mean δa =45%). It was concluded that the a constant was primarily affected by changes in left ventricular wall stiffness. In this manner, comparison of the pressure-volume relationship from different hearts is possible, and the contribution of changes in wall stiffness may be quantified.
Production of actinium, thorium and radium isotopes from natural thorium irradiated with protons up to 141 MeV (2012)

Abstract Cross sections of 225 Ac, 227 Ac, 227 Th and 228 Th in thorium-232 targets irradiated with protons in the energy range 21–141 MeV have been measured. Based on these data, production yields of 225 Ac and 223 Ra in thick thorium targets have been calculated. It is possible to produce in proton energy range 60–140 MeV about 96 GBq (2.6 Ci) 225 Ac per 10-d irradiation with 100 μA proton beam current and 10-d decay, and much higher amount of 223 Ra. The impurities of 227 Ac and 224 Ra are important and need to be assessed for further medical applications.
Efficient Calculation of the Principal Components of Imaging Data (1995)

Principal components analysis (PCA) of images is important in many applications such as positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging. PCA is difficult for image data because the correlation matrix is very large. We present a direct method of calculating the PCA of the voxels from the small matrix expressing the correlations between images, instead of the larger matrix representing the correlations between voxels. The method is fast and accurate. It is faster and requires less memory than a singular value decomposition, although it is less accurate. It is much faster and more accurate than iterative and other approximate methods developed for this problem.
‘PURGING’ OF BONE MARROW AND IMMUNOSUPPRESSION (1984)

Journal Article ‘PURGING’ OF BONE MARROW AND IMMUNOSUPPRESSION Get access G JANOSSY, MD, PhD, MRCPath G JANOSSY, MD, PhD, MRCPath Department of Immunology Royal Free Hospital Medical SchoolLondon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar British Medical Bulletin, Volume 40, Issue 3, 1984, Pages 247–253, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071985 Published: 01 September 1984
Prognostic impact of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level at diagnosis in resected stage I–III pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a U.S. population study (2017)

Pre-treatment CA 19-9 levels >800 appear to be associated with advanced disease, and are negatively associated with long-term survival. However, levels ≤800 had no significant association with survival. Although this study suggests an association, further study is needed to evaluate whether patients with CA 19-9 levels >800 benefit from NAT.