gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cerebral Arterial Spasm (1979)

In vivo experiments in dogs demonstrated angiographically that the subarachnoid injection of blood produced cerebral arterial apasm both immediately after the injection of blood and 2 days later. The sublingual adminstration of nifedipine reversed both the acute and the delayed cerebral arterial spasm. In addition, sublingual administration of nifedipine 20 minutes before the subarachnoid injection of blood prevented the acute spasm.
Characterization of specific binding of a human immunoglobulin M monoclonal antibody to lipopolysaccharide and its lipid A domain (1993)

The human immunoglobulin M monoclonal antibody HA-1A was first described as an antibody which bound specifically to the lipid A region of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (N. N. H. Teng, H. S. Kaplan, J. M. Herbert, C. Moore, H. Douglas, A. Wunderlich, and A. Braude, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:1790-1794, 1985) and provided significant protection when administered to patients with gram-negative bacteremia and shock (E. J. Ziegler, C. J. Fisher, Jr., C. L. Sprung, R. C. Straube, J. C. Sadoff, G. E. Foulke, C. H. Wortel, M. P. Fink, R. P. Dellinger, N. N. H. Teng, I. E. Allen, H. J. Berger, G. L. Knatterud, A. F. LoBuglio, C. R. Smith, and the HA-1A Sepsis Study Group, New Engl. J. Med. 324:429-436, 1992). Since that original report, questions have arisen in the scientific literature concerning the specificity of this antibody in LPS and/or lipid A binding. Experiments have, therefore, been carried out with a variety of assay formats to determine the capacity of this HA-1A antibody to bind to lipid A and LPS. Direct binding experiments with a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system have established that HA-1A will bind to purified lipid A from both Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. These results have been confirmed by using a fluid-phase antigen-antibody competitive inhibition assay with purified lipid A and an antibody-antibody competitive inhibition assay with a monoclonal antibody with known specificity for lipid A. The HA-1A monoclonal antibody has also been shown to bind to a panel of R-chemotype LPS by ELISA and, unlike many other previously reported anti-lipid A antibodies, binding of HA-1A to R-chemotype LPS and lipid A is comparable. Although binding of HA-1A to S-LPS (smooth, wild-type LPS) could not be detected by direct ELISA, competitive inhibition experiments with some preparations of S-LPS have been able to show specific HA-1A binding. Collectively, these data confirm the binding specificity of HA-1A for the lipid A component of LPS and provide evidence that this monoclonal antibody manifests a relatively uncommon profile in its capacity to bind lipid A and R-chemotype LPS as well as some preparations of S-LPS.
Increased Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression Is Associated With Chemotherapy Resistance and Poor Survival in Cervical Cancer Patients (2002)

PURPOSE: To investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and its association with clinicopathologic parameters and clinical outcome in patients with cervical cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 84 patients with stage IB to IVA cervical cancer. Patients with early-stage cases (n = 21) underwent radical surgery, whereas patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) (n = 63) were first administered neoadjuvant cisplatin-based treatment and subjected to surgery in case of response. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on paraffin-embedded sections with rabbit antiserum against COX-2. RESULTS: COX-2–integrated density values in the overall population ranged from 1.2 to 82.3, with mean ± SE values of 27.4 ± 2.4. According to the chosen cutoff value, 36 (42.9%) of 84 patients were scored as COX-2 positive. COX-2 levels were shown to be highly associated with tumor susceptibility to neoadjuvant treatment. COX-2 showed a progressive increase from mean ± SE values of 19.9 ± 8.0 in complete responders through 31.5 ± 3.5 in partial responses to 44.8 ± 3.9 in patients who were not responsive (P = .0054). When logistic regression was applied, only advanced stage and COX-2 positivity retained independent roles in predicting a poor chance of response to treatment. COX-2–positive patients had a shorter overall survival (OS) rate than COX-2–negative patients. In patients with LACC, the 2-year OS rate was 38% in COX-2–positive versus 85% in COX-2–negative patients (P = .0001). In the multivariate analysis, only advanced stage and COX-2 positivity retained independent negative prognostic roles for OS. CONCLUSION: The assessment of COX-2 status could provide additional information to identify patients with cervical cancer with a poor chance of response to neoadjuvant treatment and unfavorable prognosis.
Dimensionality reduction of unsupervised data (2002)

Dimensionality reduction is an important problem for efficient handling of large databases. Many feature selection methods exist for supervised data having class information. Little work has been done for dimensionality reduction of unsupervised data in which class information is not available. Principal component analysis (PCA) is often used. However, PCA creates new features. It is difficult to obtain intuitive understanding of the data using the new features only. We are concerned with the problem of determining and choosing the important original features for unsupervised data. Our method is based on the observation that removing an irrelevant feature from the feature set may not change the underlying concept of the data, but not so otherwise. We propose an entropy measure for ranking features, and conduct extensive experiments to show that our method is able to find the important features. Also it compares well with a similar feature ranking method (Relief) that requires class information unlike our method.
From Text to Sign Language: Exploiting the Spatial and Motioning Dimension (2005)

In this paper, we address the problem of automatically converting information in the Korean language to one in a sign language as used in Korea. First, we discuss the differences between sign language and natural language, and in particular between the sign language in Korea and the Korean language. Then, we focus on issues that are relevant to the process of converting expressions in Korean into their counterparts in the sign language, including: 1) making explicit elided subjects of expressions in Korean, 2) omitting some expressions in Korean, and 3) reordering some expressions. We argue that it is important to utilize the spatial and motioning dimensionality of a sign language in order to minimize information loss and distortion. We also argue that the right decision to omit, or to merge some expressions in Korean plays a key role in exploiting this dimensionality. Finally, we present a system that converts sentences in Korean into corresponding animations in the sign language as proof of evidence for our claim.
Minimum spatial entropy threshold selection (1995)

Many image grey level thresholding methods based on the theory of maximum entropy have been proposed in the past. However, the exact definition of what is meant by 'image entropy' has varied considerably, with measures based on the image itself, its histogram or other related distributions being proposed. Most of these ignore the spatial component of the image, assuming pixels within the image to be independent of each other. While this is convenient, it is counterintuitive. A recent measure of spatial entropy, which attempts to include the spatial information inherent in the image, has been used here as a criterion function for threshold selection. Results indicate an improvement over methods that ignore this information.
Utilization-of Bui (Aerva tomentosa) Leaves in the Ration of Camel (1998)

Four camel calves (2 yrs; 291.50±14.60kg) were fed on control ration of dry moth chara (Phascolus aconitifolius) for one month, thereafter switched over to experimental ration consisting dry moth chara and dry bni (A. tomentosa) leayes in the ratio of 80:20 for another one month. Difference between the diets for nutrient intake and digestibility of nutrients was not significant. The apparent absorption of macro-elements such as Na, K, Ca, P and S did not differ significantly except that of Mg (P<0.05) on experimental diet. Serum glucose also reduced significantly (P<0.05) on experimental diet. These results indicated the need to inactivate the incriminating factor of bui leaves for better utilization as camel feed.
Aspects of Slurry and Particle Settling and Placement for Viscous Gravel Packing (AQUAPAC) (1982)

ABSTRACT During gravel packing with viscous agueous polymer slurries as in Shell's AQUAPAC, the concentrated suspensions may move at higher velocity than the surrounding fluid. We show here that these concentrated suspensions tend to disperse rapidly in the well-bore. The term "roping" is not a suitable description of the phenomena. Measurements and estimates of single particle settling velocities are presented. The use of such measurements to determine polymer viscosity for field applications is suggested. Finally, since gravel packing calls for fluid placement to the formation, new results for particle placement through perforations show that even dilute 0.25%w polymer solutions give up to 100% placement efficiency for some conditions of interest.
An alpha-activity-based binaural beat sound entrainment system using arousal state model (2008)

We developed a new real-time control system for customizing an auditory stimulus (the binaural beat sound) by judging a user's alpha waves to entrain his/her feeling in the most relaxed way. We use an autoregressive forecasting model to estimate the frequency response series of the alpha frequency bands and a fuzzy logic controller to regulate the binaural beat control signal on a forecasting error signal. The arousal state determination model plays a role in regulating an appropriate binaural beat sound correlating with a change in alpha activity. According to studies of the relationship between arousal state and alpha activity, the alpha activity level may state-dependent, which can be modeled following the "inverted-U" model. The inverted-U concept is employed to determine the user arousal state, and tries to understand the user arousal state through the change in alpha activity. From the results of experiments, it is confirmed that the inverted-U model for arousal state determination is an effective model to regulate a stimulus properly with the determined arousal state.
Low Temperature Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Limn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>for Lithium Ion Batteries (2004)

Lithium manganese oxide, LiMn2O4, was prepared by a low temperature solution-based method and the physical and electrochemical properties compared with commercially available LiMn2O4. Samples of the two powders were analyzed by X-ray diffraction in order to identify the constituent phases. Particle size distribution was determined using a laser analyzer and the morphology examined by high resolution scanning electron microscopy. Electrochemical cells were assembled in a controlled atmosphere chamber and charge-discharge cycling was performed using a computer-controlled galvanostat-potentiostat. Over a duration of 21 cycles, the discharge behaviour of the synthesized material was superior to that of the commercial material. This improvement in performance was attributed to the sub-micron crystallite size of the synthesized powder.On a préparé de l’oxyde de manganèse et lithium, LiMn2O4, au moyen d’une méthode à basse température, à base de solution, et l’on a comparé les propriétés physiques et chimiques avec du LiMn2O4 disponible commercialement. On a analysé des échantillons des deux poudres par diffraction des rayons X afin d’identifier les phases constituantes. On a déterminé la répartition granulométrique en utilisant un analyseur au laser et l’on a examiné la morphologie par microscopie électronique à balayage à haute résolution. On a assemblé des cellules électrochimiques dans une chambre à atmosphère contrôlée et l’on a effectué des cycles de charge–décharge en utilisant un galvanostat–potentiostat commandé par ordinateur. Sur une durée de 21 cycles, le comportement de décharge du matériel synthétisé était supérieur à celui du matériel commercial. Cette amélioration du rendement était attribuée à la taille submicronique du cristallite de la poudre synthétisée.
Random Sampling of Sparse Trigonometric Polynomials (2005)

We study the problem of reconstructing a multivariate trigonometric polynomial having only few non-zero coefficients from few random samples. Inspired by recent work of Candes, Romberg and Tao we propose to recover the polynomial by Basis Pursuit, i.e., by $\ell^1$-minimization. Numerical experiments show that in many cases the trigonometric polynomial can be recovered exactly provided the number $N$ of samples is high enough compared to the ``sparsity'' -- the number of non-vanishing coefficients. However, $N$ can be chosen small compared to the assumed maximal degree of the trigonometric polynomial. Hence, the proposed scheme may overcome the Nyquist rate. We present two theorems that explain this observation. Unexpectly, they establish a connection to an interesting combinatorial problem concerning set partitions, which seemingly has not yet been considered before.
Carbon-stabilized iron nanoparticles for environmental remediation (2010)

Ferromagnetic carbon-coated Fe nanoparticles (core size of 15 nm, saturated magnetization of Ms=218 emu g(-1) and coercivity of Hc=62 Oe), fabricated at a mild temperature, demonstrate a strong ability to effectively remove more than 95 wt% of Cr(VI) in waste water via carbon shell physical adsorption, which is much higher than the commercially available Fe NPs.
A “Divide and Conquer” Technique for Implementing Wide Dynamic Range Continuous-Time Filters (2004)

This paper presents a technique for implementing analog filters with wide dynamic range and low power dissipation and chip area. The desired dynamic range of the filter is divided into subranges, each covered by a different filtering path optimized specifically for this subrange. This results in small admittance levels for the individual filtering paths and correspondingly small power dissipation and chip area. The system provides undisturbed output during range switching, contrary to conventional automatic gain control (AGC)/filter arrangements that generate disturbances every time the gain of the AGC changes. We also report on a low-noise highly linear CMOS transconductor useful for high-frequency applications. A chip implementing the ideas of this paper was fabricated in a 0.25-/spl mu/m digital CMOS process. The intended application of the filter is channel selection in an 802.11a/Hiperlan2 Wireless Ethernet receiver. The chip dissipates 9 mA, occupies an area of 0.7 mm/sup 2/, and maintains a signal/(noise + IM3 distortion) ratio of at least 33 dB over a 48-dB signal range, with good blocker immunity. This performance represents at least an order of magnitude improvement over existing channel selection filters, even those that do not achieve disturbance-free operation.
Anxiety and Stress Management Toolkit Anxiety and Stress Management Toolkit (2001)

This audio cassette package offers an informative and comprehensive insight into the aetiology of panic and anxiety attacks, anxiety reduction techniques and stress management.
Isolation and Expansion of Human Limbal Stromal Niche Cells (2011)

Limbal stromal niche cells expressing SC markers can be isolated and expanded to prevent differentiation and maintain clonal growth of limbal epithelial progenitors.
HALLMARKS OF A GOOD PRACTICE SETTING (1996)

Health care organizations today are concerned with quality care, consumer satisfaction, and the cost-efficiency of the services they provide. Patients are now more inclined to select a physician based on the reputation of the hospital with which he or she is affiliated, rather than choose a hospital because a particular physician they like works there. And nursing, as the backbone of hospital service, is the primary factor shaping an institution's reputation. The experienced professional nurse ensures the safe use of medications, improves documentation (and consequently reimbursement), detects complications sooner, and facilitates the patient's transition from hospital to home. The list of nursing accomplishments could go on and on. But suffice it to say that nurses are remarkably skillful and successful-and that these changing times present an unparalleled opportunity for the profession. The vast resource that is nursing is used to everyone's best advantage in practice settings where nurses… have a voice in key decisions on staffing; participate as full-standing members of the multidisciplinary team; control the quality of care by helping to develop, apply, and monitor standards; expect to be responsible for the care of their patients; receive compensation and benefits that are equitable and suited to their personal needs; and recognize challenging opportunities for personal growth, expanded practice, and career mobility. Keep these hallmarks of a good practice setting in mind as you use this 1996 AJN Career Guide. You represent a valuable resource. Your commitment to your employer, as well as to the patients you serve, can provide the competitive edge for a health care organization.
Feminist Loneliness Studies: an introduction (2022)

Writing about loneliness has been a struggle in the midst of the pandemic. Characterized by loneliness, isolation, anxiety, and fear, the COVID-19 pandemic is an exceptionally challenging time. At various points while navigating this loneliness project amid a particularly lonely time, we lamented the seeming futility of it all. A main goal of developing a Feminist Loneliness Studies in this introduction is to understand the ways that systems of oppression – white supremacy, settler colonialism, anti-queer bias, misogyny, neoliberal capitalism, and so on – create our lonely world. To date, there remains no comprehensive feminist analysis of the structural conditions that both produce and intensify experiences of loneliness. We aim to remedy this gap. That is, we seek to address what a Feminist Loneliness Studies can contribute to understanding the complexities of this complicated emotion. For example, what is the unique loneliness of the feminist killjoy who calls out, or calls in, existing forms of queerphobia, racism, and sexism? What does it mean to be a politicized person and how does that result in both alienation and isolation? What might the relationship be between white supremacy and loneliness? How is loneliness both individual and systemic, and what is the relationship between the two? What distinctive forms of loneliness are created by ableism, sanism, neoliberalism, capitalism, globalization, and the gig economy? Ought loneliness be avoided at all costs? What are the ethics of loneliness? In our introduction to this special issue, we unpack and theorize the potential perils and generative possibilities offered up by this profound emotion. Establishing a Feminist Loneliness Studies provides us with the space we need to begin addressing and comprehending loneliness.
Resolution of October 1987. (1988)

This document contains portions of a 1987 Resolution, approved at the 78th Inter-Parliamentary Conference, relating to "the respect for the fundamental principles, treaties and obligations governing relations among nations, in order to solve the problem of refugees and displaced persons." The resolution urges all governments to help find a lasting solution to the problem of refugees and displaced persons. All parliamentarians and governments should fulfill their responsibility to protect refugees. Governments should ratify international instruments regarding refugees and displaced persons and withdraw any reservations limiting their obligations. Bilateral agreements which aim to restrict the rights or asylum and freedom of movement are denounced. Better efforts of coordination of asylum procedures are called for as is the conclusion of a "Convention on Territorial Asylum" to improve the legal status of refugees. In addition, consideration should be given to redefining the terms "refugee" and "country of first asylum." Parliaments are asked to make formal determinations of refugee status, states are asked to share the burden and to help receiving countries, and the international community is asked to assist whole populations which have been dispossessed in order to reduce the number of refugees and displaced persons. Parliaments are asked to help create conditions in countries of origin which will help refugees return. State are asked to consider drafting international legal instruments to protect refugees and to find ways to protect prisoners of war, detainees, and civilian populations in war zones. The international humanitarian organizations are commended for their work as are nongovernmental organizations which provide relief. States are asked to increase their support for such organizations.
Automated Quantitative Dose-Response Modeling and Point of Departure Determination for Large Toxicogenomic and High-Throughput Screening Data Sets (2008)

Regulatory and homeland security agencies undertake safety and risk assessments to assess the potential hazards of radiation, chemical, biological, and pharmaceutical agents. By law, these assessments must be science-based to ensure public safety and environmental quality. These agencies use dose-response modeling and benchmark dose methods to identify points of departure across single end points elicited by the agent. Regulatory agencies have also begun to examine toxicogenomic data to identify novel biomarkers of exposure and assess potential toxicity. The ToxResponse Modeler streamlines analyses and point of departure (POD) calculations across hundreds of responses (e.g., differential gene expression, changes in metabolite levels) through an automated process capable of large-scale modeling and model selection. The application identifies the best-fit dose-response model utilizing particle swarm optimization and calculates the probabilistic POD. The application analyzed a publicly available 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin dose-response data set of hepatic gene expression data in C57BL/6 mice to identify putative biomarkers. The Gene Ontology mapped these responses to specific functions to differentiate adaptive effects from toxic responses. In principle, safety and risk assessors could use the automated ToxResponse Modeler to analyze any large dose-response data set including outputs from high-throughput screening assays to assist with the ranking and prioritization of compounds that warrant further investigation or development.
Cryptanalysis of the Repaired Public-key Encryption Scheme Based on the Polynomial Reconstruction Problem. (2003)

At Eurocrypt 2003, Augot and Finiasz proposed a new public-key encryption scheme based on the polynomial reconstruction problem [1]. The scheme was subsequently broken in [5], who showed that given the public-key and a ciphertext, one could recover the corresponding plaintext in polynomial time. Recently, Augot, Finiasz and Loidreau published on the IACR eprint archive a reparation [2] of the cryptosystem. The reparation is based on the trace operator, and is resistant against the previous attack. However, we describe a new cryptanalysis of the repaired scheme. Given the public-key and a ciphertext, we can still recover the corresponding plaintext in polynomial time. Our technique is a variant of the Berlekamp-Welsh algorithm, and works very well in practice, as for the proposed parameters, we recover the plaintext in less than 8 minutes on a single PC. Key-Words: Cryptanalysis, Augot and Finiasz cryptosystem, Polynomial Reconstruction Problem, Reed-Solomon codes.