gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Roles of health and family planning sectors on maternal and child care (2002)

Objective A comparative analysis provided general description of resources service provision in health institutions and family planning institutions at township level. A picture of contradiction and coordination between the two sectors was analyzed. The paper provided evidences and recommendations for evaluation of MCH and its management. Materials and Methods Deputy governors in charge of health and/or family planning at townships were selected in 6 townships of 2 poor counties of Chongqing. Structured in-depth discussions were conducted. Results Township government officials spent more time on management of family planning which was recognized as priority of government activity. Workforce and facility were more qualified in health sector than family planning. It has been found that there was significant different matter and volume of government financing. Health institutions provided most of services for mothers and children. But both of two sectors provided basic medical and drug services in different quality and different price. The contradiction of the two focused on market of basic medical services. The Act and related inter-government policy have been issued for coordinative objective and clear responsibilities were identified. There are weak coordination and regulation for their competing in market of basic medical care. Conclusions MCH services provided by family planning institutions should be regulated by health authority based on the Act. It should by emphasized that basic medical service provided by family planning sector should be regulated under the Act of Medical Service Institutions. Health authority has responsibility to approve and review medical services provided by family planning. Under the appropriate situation it is necessary to try out integration of the two service sectors in local level. (authors)
A taxonomic study of the Mesozoic dinoflagellate cysts<i>Phallocysta elongata</i>(Beju 1971) comb. nov., emend. nov. and<i>Wallodinium cylindricum</i>(Habib 1970) Duxbury 1983 emend. nov. (1994)

Abstract The Lower‐Middle Jurassic dinoflagellate cyst Fromea elongata Beju 1971 is superficially similar to the typically Lower Cretaceous species Wallodinium cylindricum (Habib 1970) Duxbury 1983. Fromea elongata is transferred to Phallocysta Dörhöfer & Davies 1980 by virtue of its anterior intercalary periarcheopyle; the specific diagnosis is emended to include this periarcheopyle type. Andreedinium Below 1987 is considered to be a junior synonym of Phallocysta and A. arcticum Below 1987 is transferred to Phallocysta. The uppermost Jurassic‐Cretaceous Wallodinium cylindricum is emended largely to note the loose mutual contact of the two cyst walls and the apical peri‐ and endoarcheopyles, the principal periarcheopyle suture of which appears to be indicative of a gonyaulacacean paratabulation. Wallodinium Loeblich & Loeblich 1968 is therefore emended to include epicavate forms and to note its apparent gonyaulacacean paratabulation. The range of Phallocysta elongata is uppermost Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) to lower Bajocian (Middle Jurassic); all known records are from Europe. Wallodinium cylindricum has been observed from the Kimmeridgian (Upper Jurassic) to the lowermost Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) of the North Atlantic, Europe and North Africa; it is most common and persistent in the Lower Cretaceous.
Reduced temperature afterdrop in rhesus monkeys with radio frequency rewarming. (1988)

Rhesus monkeys were anesthetized and rendered hypothermic by icewater immersion. Rewarming by radio frequency (RF) energy at 13.56 MHz or by a surgical heating pad was initiated either immediately after removal from the icewater or after a delay of 20-26 min. Rectal temperature (Tre) was monitored during each experiment, and RF energy, initially applied at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 10 W.kg-1, was able to raise Tre an average of 3 degrees C in 20 min. For an equivalent period of rewarming with the heating pad, Tre had not yet recovered from the immersion-induced afterdrop. It is concluded that RF rewarming offers a special advantage when applied to the treatment of immersion hypothermia.
Role based access control architectural design issues in large organizations (2014)

Large scale systems are focused at providing rapid and secure connections between system entities and users. The basic purpose of development of such systems is increasing integrity between members, staff and other departments. As different system users access the system on different levels of access according to their defined roles in organizations and institutes, a mechanism for controlling and monitoring access levels of these users becomes a vital element of such systems as features such as these, are vital to concerned organizations which need to evaluate their risk exposure ensuing from IT system access provided to employees. It is required that a proper architecture for such genre of systems is defined so that a fast, reliable, efficient and secure system environment can be provided. Role-based access control (RBAC) presents a popular model for I.T security and access control that aids in reducing the complexity of safety measures and their administration. Plenty of work has already been done in RBAC for enhancing and simplifying security and reliability. This paper aims in defining the architecture using RBAC and attributes for organizations with emphasis on segregation of duties, load sharing of administrative tasks and controlling IT system access
A Low Power, Low Distortion Single-bit Sigma-Delta Audio DAC with Distributed Feedback from Analog Output (2006)

A single-bit low power, low-distortion digital-to-analog converter (DAC) using distributed feedback structure for low output impedance audio application is presented. The current structure is a modified forth-order inversed follow-the-leader feedback (IFLF) emphasizing on achieving high system performance with much reduced power consumption. This structure utilizes the distributed feedback from analog output to attenuate the nonlinear distortions from both the discrete time to continuous time interface and the output stage, and finite-impulse response (FIR) filter to attenuate the out-band quantization noise. The power consumption is reduced by the class-AB operation in the last stage OTA design. Systematic comparisons of the performance and power consumption are simulated by both Cadence and Matlab/Simulink. The results indicate that the proposed structure can achieve high SNDR with very low power consumption. Typically, the distortion can be attenuated at least by 95dB at 5 KHz input. To compare different DAC designs, the new Figure of Merit (FOM) is introduced and the current design shows significant improvement comparing the results in the literature. This proposed structure will be potentially useful for low-impendence low-power audio applications.
Performance of near-infrared spectroscopy in measuring local O<sub>2</sub> consumption and blood flow in skeletal muscle (2001)

The aim of this study was to investigate local muscle O(2) consumption (muscV(O(2))) and forearm blood flow (FBF) in resting and exercising muscle by use of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and to compare the results with the global muscV(O(2)) and FBF derived from the well-established Fick method and plethysmography. muscV(O(2)) was derived from 1) NIRS using venous occlusion, 2) NIRS using arterial occlusion, and 3) the Fick method [muscV(O(2(Fick)))]. FBF was derived from 1) NIRS and 2) strain-gauge plethysmography. Twenty-six healthy subjects were tested at rest and during sustained isometric handgrip exercise. Local variations were investigated with two independent and simultaneously operating NIRS systems at two different muscles and two measurement depths. muscV(O(2)) increased more than fivefold in the active flexor digitorum superficialis muscle, and it increased 1.6 times in the brachioradialis muscle. The average increase in muscV(O(2(Fick))) was twofold. FBF increased 1.4 times independent of the muscle or the method. It is concluded that NIRS is an appropriate tool to provide information about local muscV(O(2)) and local FBF because both place and depth of the NIRS measurements reveal local differences that are not detectable by the more established, but also more global, Fick method.
Terminal Routing Using Speed-control Techniques (TRUST): Initial Concept Evaluation Report (1998)

This paper describes some of the intrinsic problems that lead to less than optimal TRACON operations. It also identifies available technology and proposed procedures that can be applied in a synergistic fashion to mitigate such problems via a terminal routing concept called TRUST. The prototype development plan including verification and validation activities is discussed along with progress to date. Preliminary results are reported as well as possible future applications of the TRUST functions.
Cluster-Based Consensus Time Synchronization for Wireless Sensor Networks (2014)

This paper proposes a new time synchronization algorithm for wireless sensor networks, named clustered consensus time synchronization (CCTS). This algorithm is developed on the base of the distributed consensus time synchronization (DCTS) algorithm. However, to obtain faster convergence in the clock synchronization of node and better energy efficiency, the clustering technique is incorporated into the algorithm. The CCTS includes two parts: 1) intracluster time synchronization and 2) intercluster time synchronization. In the intracluster time synchronization, the improved DCTS is applied. The cluster head is responsible for exchanging messages within the cluster. The average value of skew compensation parameters of intracluster virtual clock and the average value of intracluster virtual clocks are used to update the skew compensation parameter and offset compensation parameter, respectively. In the intercluster time synchronization, cluster heads exchange messages via gateway nodes. To update the clock compensation parameters of the network virtual clocks, clock compensation parameters of intracluster virtual clocks of every cluster head are assigned with corresponding weights based on the size of each cluster. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm reduces the communication traffic compared with the DCTS algorithm, and improves the convergence rate due to the combination of clustering topologies.
A General Framework for Sparsity-Based Denoising and Inversion (2011)

Estimating a reliable and stable solution to many problems in signal processing and imaging is based on sparse regularizations, where the true solution is known to have a sparse representation in a given basis. Using different approaches, a large variety of regularization terms have been proposed in literature. While it seems that all of them have so much in common, a general potential function which fits most of them is still missing. In this paper, in order to propose an efficient reconstruction method based on a variational approach and involving a general regularization term (including most of the known potential functions, convex and nonconvex), we deal with i) the definition of such a general potential function, ii) the properties of the associated “proximity operator” (such as the existence of a discontinuity), and iii) the design of an approximate solution of the general “proximity operator” in a simple closed form. We also demonstrate that a special case of the resulting “proximity operator” is a set of shrinkage functions which continuously interpolate between the soft-thresholding and hard-thresholding. Computational experiments show that the proposed general regularization term performs better than <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ℓ</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> -penalties for sparse approximation problems. Some numerical experiments are included to illustrate the effectiveness of the presented new potential function.
Slot Antennas With an Extended Ground for Multiple-Antenna Systems in Compact Wireless Devices (2009)

In this letter, new slot antennas with an extended ground are proposed. They are easily built as internal antennas in a compact wireless device. Originated from lambda/4 slot antennas, an additional vertical L-shaped metallic sheet as an extended ground and a main radiator is added to reduce the antenna size. The sheet is designed close to a ground plane, and its height can be chosen according to the available space of a given device. These features offer more design flexibility for antenna and mechanical engineers. In this letter, antennas for WLAN are designed and implemented as examples, and a four-element antenna design using the resultant antennas is demonstrated, showing that the multiple-antenna design occupies only a small region in the system board. With these design examples the proposed structures can be a promising solution for multiple-antenna systems in compact wireless devices.
Impacts of Livestock Concentration and Application Rate Restrictions on Manure Utilization (2004)

A key factor motivating high manure application rates is the spatial concentration oflivestock facilities, which has substantially increased in recent decades. Greater manure productionin a given region creates incentives to over apply manure near livestock facilities in order to avoidhigh hauling costs. A manure transportation and application model (MTA) was developed to simulatemanure application behavior. The model was populated by average national (USA) values for fourtypes of manure for nutrient content, application and hauling expense, crop distributions, cropnutrient removal rates, and other agronomic parameters. The first set of model simulations allowedmanure application at the higher of the N-rate or P-rate (high agronomic rate). Model resultsgenerally illustrate the diseconomies of manure production, e.g., marginal manure value decreasedand maximum manure hauling distances increased as manure availability increased. The modelalso simulated increasing rates of excess phosphorus application (amounts exceeding crop removal)as manure availability increased. <br><br>To explore the economic impacts of eliminating excess nutrient applications, MTA was rerun with aconstraint limiting manure application to the lower of the N-rate or P-rate (low agronomic rate).Although less commercial fertilizer was required for low agronomic rate scenarios, hauling andapplication costs increased, such that the net cost of switching from a high to a low agronomicapplication rate increased at an increasing rate as manure availability increased. In summary, modelresults indicate that as livestock concentrations increase, there are diseconomies to manureutilization, more excess nutrients are applied, and reducing manure application rates becomes moreexpensive.
Creative Design of Epicyclic Gear Trains Using Number Synthesis (1967)

The following paper applies the theory of number synthesis to the creative design of epicyclic gear trains. First, the associated linkage of an existing epicyclic gear train is derived as an initial step of analysis. Next, the requirements for an acceptable associated linkage are established. Finally, epicyclic gear trains are derived by number synthesis from acceptable associated linkages up to and including the degree of complexity of eight links.
The Photodecomposition of Pesticides in Water (1972)

Sunlight decomposes many pesticides in water. Water provides a transparent and sometimes reactive medium in which air oxidations, for example, are effectively energized by ultraviolet light. In the presence of hydroxide ions or other nucleophiles, photonucleophilic displacement reactions result in hydrolysis and the conversion of aromatic halides to phenols and eventually to insoluble polymers. Photoreduction also may often be interpreted as a hydride ion transfer. Extensive degradation to small fragments and the combination of reactive intermediates with natural substrates may help explain the difficulties encountered in extending laboratory observations to field situations.
P620 Golimumab in ulcerative colitis: A multi-centre real-world experience (2018)

Golimumab (Simponi) is a TNFα inhibitor approved for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) since 2013. Pre-clinical work showed superiority to both infliximab and adalimumab in its mechanism of action. Initial trial data showed 51% achieved clinical remission by Week 6 and 47% by Week 54. However, there is no real world data to correlate these findings. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of golimumab in a real world setting. A retrospective multi-centre study was conducted between 2014 to date. Data were obtained from five hospitals around the West Midlands, UK. Inclusion criteria included patients with a diagnosis of moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis (endoscopic Mayo score ≥2). Dosing was weight dependent (≤80 kg = 50 mg 4-weekly; ≥80 kg = 100 mg 4-weekly following an induction dose). Data were collected using patient notes and endoscopy reports. Fisher’s exact test was used for statistical significance. There were a total of 56 patients with a mean age of 39.2 years (M = 39; F = 17). The majority of patients had left sided disease (48%; n = 27) followed by pancolitis (45%; n = 25) and proctitis (7%; n = 4). 64% were on concurrent immunosuppressants. The mean duration of golimumab treatment was 12 months. One patient developed deranged liver function tests on golimumab. They were switched to vedolizumab. Twenty-two patients (39%) showed endoscopic and clinical remission (proctitis n = 3; left sided n = 9; pancolitis n = 10). There was no statistically significant difference between disease extent and remission (p = 1.00). Of these 22 patients, 17 patients were on the higher dose of 100 mg, with a statistical significance between the dosing (p = 0.03). Three patients who were initially on 50 mg and relapsed had their dose increased to 100 mg. They remain in remission. Of the 50% (n = 28) who switched biologic therapy, 23 were to vedolizumab, 1 to infliximab and 4 to adalimumab. Despite changing to vedolizumab, 3 (13%) patients still required surgery. Patients switched to adalimumab and infliximab are currently in remission. In total, 14% (n = 8) required surgery, of which 3 patients had emergency surgery. Golimumab has not proven as effective in our real world data. Two important inferences were made from this study. Firstly, of those patients that went into remission, 75% were on the higher dose of golimumab. This may be secondary to higher trough levels; however, therapeutic drug monitoring is currently unavailable in the UK for golimumab. Secondly, five patients who were switched to an alternative anti-TNF, where drug monitoring is available, had a good clinical response. This leads us to propose that drug-monitoring is of clinical importance and should be available for golimumab in the UK to help maintain clinical remission.
Impact of thiamine supplementation in the reversal of ethanol induced toxicity in rats. (2014)

One of the molecular mechanisms of alcohol induced toxicities is mediated by oxidative stress. Hence our studies were focused on the effect of thiamine (antioxidant) in the reversal of alcohol induced toxicity and comparison of the reversal with abstinence. Administration of ethanol at a dose of 4 g/kg body wt/day for 90 days to Sprague Dawley rats manifested chronic alcohol induced toxicity evidenced by decreased body weight, an increase in liver-body weight ratio, increase in activities of serum and liver aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT); decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in the liver and brain. The levels of inflammatory markers, fibrosis markers and DNA fragmentation were also elevated in the serum, liver and brain. After ethanol administration for 90 days, the reversal of the alcohol induced toxicity was studied by supplementing thiamine at a dose of 25 mg/100 g body wt/day. Duration of the reversal study was 30 days. The activities of AST, ALT, GGT, scavenging enzymes as well as markers of inflammation and fibrosis in serum, liver and brain were reversed to a certain extent by thiamine. Changes in neurotransmitter levels in brain were also reversed by thiamine supplementation. DNA damage was decreased and DNA content increased in thiamine supplemented group compared to abstinence group showing a faster regeneration. In short, histopathological and biochemical evaluations indicate that thiamine supplemented abstinent rats made a faster recovery of hepatic and neuronal damage than in the abstinence group.
Constrained designs for maximum likelihood soft decoding of RM(2,m) and the extended Golay codes (1995)

We present algorithms for maximum likelihood soft decoding of the second order Reed-Muller codes RM(2,m) and the extended (24,12,8) Golay code. The decoding procedures are based on a concise representation of appropriately selected cosets of a subcode of the code considered. Such representation enables application of certain elimination rules. A structure, called constrained design, is established to support the elimination procedures. Remarkably efficient algorithms are obtainable by this approach. The method of elimination is applicable also in combination with existing coset decoding schemes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Use of Freely Available and Open Source Tools for In Silico Screening in Chemical Biology (2014)

Automated computational docking of large libraries of chemical compounds to a protein can aid in pharmaceutical drug design and gives scientists with basic computer experience a tool to help plan wet laboratory investigations when exploring the combination of chemical and pharmacological spaces. The use of open source tools to develop and select ligands for subsequent screening is outlined. A protocol leveraging the power of Open Babel and AutoDock Vina to perform file conversion, minimization, and docking implemented as a Python script is offered.