gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbohydrate C-Nitroalcohols: the Acetylated Nitroölefins (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbohydrate C-Nitroalcohols: the Acetylated NitroölefinsJohn C. Sowden and Hermann O. L. FischerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 5, 1048–1050Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01197a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01197a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views175Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An Improved Synthesis of Ketonitrones (1995)

Abstract A general procedure for the synthesis of ketonitrones 2 starting from the corresponding ketones is described.
Highly Enantioselective Oxidative Couplings of 2-Naphthols Catalyzed by Chiral Bimetallic Oxovanadium Complexes with Either Oxygen or Air as Oxidant (2007)

The chiral bimetallic oxovanadium complexes have been designed for the enantioselective oxidative coupling of 2-naphthols bearing various substituents at C6 and/or C7. The chirality transferring from the amino acid to the axis of the biphenyl in oxovanadium complexes 2 was found to occur with the use of UV and CD spectra and DFT calculation. The homo-coupling reaction with oxygen as the oxidant was promoted by 5 mol % of an oxovanadium complex derived from L-isoleucine and achiral biphenol to afford binaphthols in nearly quantitative yields with high enantioselectivities of up to 98% ee. An oxovanadium complex derived from L-isoleucine and H8-binaphthol is highly efficient at catalyzing the air-oxidized coupling of 2-naphthols with excellent enantioselectivities of up to 97% ee. 51V NMR study shows that the oxovanadium complexes have two vanadium(V) species. Kinetic studies, the cross-coupling reaction, and HRMS spectral studies on the reaction have been carried out and illustrate that two vanadium(V) species are both involved in catalysis and that the coupling reaction undergoes a radical-radical mechanism in an intramolecular manner. Quantum mechanical calculations rationalize the importance of the cooperative effects of the axial chirality matching S-amino acids on the stereocontrol of the oxidative coupling reaction. The application of the transformation in the preparation of chiral ligands and conjugated polymers confirms the importance of the current process in organic synthesis.
Field Application of an Alternative Foaming Agent for Coalbed Methane in the Nora Field in Southwestern Virginia (1999)

Abstract All surfactants used in hydraulic fracturing adsorb a thin film on the surface of coal within its cleat structure. Foaming agents have been known to persist in produced fluids for long periods of time post-treatment. When methane gas trapped in the coal's matrix begins to desorb and flow through the cleat network in the presence of water and a surfactant film, foam bubbles can form blocking flow of gas to the cleat system and the propped fracture. The net effect is a decrease in the relative gas permeability. The direct result is less gas production. A novel surfactant or foaming agent has been identified as being much less damaging to relative gas permeability. This paper documents the move from the laboratory to the field of this foaming agent in the first known field trial to validate its potential to improve gas production.
Effect of magnets on chronic pelvic pain (2000)

Objective: Magnetic therapy has been used to manage a variety of chronic pain syndromes. Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a common disorder that does not always respond to conventional treatments. The primary aim of this study was to determine if applying magnets to abdominal trigger points would significantly relieve pain. Methods: Patients with CPP between 18 and 50 years of age were enrolled in a 2-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with an optional 2-week blinded continuation phase. Women who completed single-blind treatment were randomized to receive either active or placebo 500 Gauss magnets for 24 hours per day. The McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) and the Pain Disability Index (PDI) were used. Results: Fourteen subjects completed the 2-week study, and eight subjects completed the continuation phase. There was no significant treatment effect using repeated measures analysis. Of the eight treatment extenders, 60% with active magnets compared with 33% with placebo magnets had 50% reductions in MPQ and PDI scores. A power analysis revealed that 16 subjects were necessary to show a significant effect after 4 weeks of treatment. Blinding was more effective in the placebo group than in the active magnet group and at 2 weeks than at 4 weeks. Conclusions: This first controlled study of magnetic therapy for CPP suggests that pain relief is related to duration of exposure. The ongoing trial will report on the effect of longer exposure periods and blinding efficacy with a larger sample.
Evaluation of Current Approaches to Inhibit HIV Entry (2002)

Highly active inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase and protease have made it possible to dramatically reduce virus load in HIV-positive individuals. However, the presence of viral reservoirs, the emergence of drug-resistant HIV variants and the side effects of these compounds call for research into new drugs that target different stages of the viral life cycle. One attractive target is the first step in HIV replication: entry of virus into cells. HIV entry is initiated by the attachment of the virus to the host cell membrane, which is some cases involves binding to attachment factors such as DC-SIGN. Subsequent interaction of the envelope protein (Env) with the CD4 receptor causes conformational changes that enable Env to interact with a coreceptor, generally the chemokine receptors CCR5 or CXCR4. Coreceptor engagement triggers the final conformational changes in Env, which mediate lipid mixing between the viral and cellular membranes. All of these steps are potential targets for therapeutic intervention: targeting proteins that mediate viral attachment may reduce HIV transmission, while receptor blockade will inhibit virus entry. Highly conserved domains in Env which bind to CD4 and coreceptor are promising targets for broadly neutralizing antibodies, and peptide inhibitors that bind to Env and that block membrane fusion are in advanced clinical trials. These new approaches may supplement current HIV therapy and may assist in the development of an HIV vaccine.
A clever technique for placement of a urinary catheter over a wire (2015)

Placing urinary catheters over a wire is standard practice for urologists, however, use of this technique gives the freedom of performing wire-guided catheterization in more situations than a council-tip allows. This technique facilitates successful transurethral catheterization over wire in the setting of DUC for all catheter types and styles aiding in urologic management of patients at a cost benefit to the health care system.
REVIEWS L'Expression imagée dans l'œuvre de Chateaubriand. By LEHTONENMAIJA. (Mémoires de la Socété Néophilologique de Helsinki, XXVI.) Helsinki: Société Néophilologique. 1964. 566 pp. $6.00. (1965)

REVIEWS Get access L'Expression imagée dans l'œuvre de Chateaubriand. By MAIJA LEHTONEN. (Mémoires de la Socété Néophilologique de Helsinki, XXVI.) Helsinki: Société Néophilologique. 1964. 566 pp. $6.00. STEPHEN ULLMANN STEPHEN ULLMANN LEEDS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French Studies, Volume XIX, Issue 3, July 1965, Pages 297–299, https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/XIX.3.297 Published: 01 July 1965
Application of molecular epidemiology to lung cancer chemoprevention (1996)

Molecular epidemiology has made great progress in detecting and documenting carcinogenic exposures and host susceptibility factors, in an effort to explain interindividual variation in disease. Interindividual differences in cancer risk have been hypothesized to result from an array of both genetic and acquired factors including nutritional status. Elevated risk of lung cancer has been associated with polymorphisms of metabolic genes such as CYP1A1 and GSTM1. On the other hand, numerous studies have demonstrated that diets rich in fruits and vegetables are protective against cancer, and have correlated high levels of antioxidants in the blood with decreased risk. As a first step in identifying susceptible individuals, we have assessed the combined effect of genetic factors and nutritional status on DNA adducts in a population of healthy smokers. Plasma retinol, beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, and zeaxanthin were inversely correlated with DNA damage, especially in subjects lacking the "protective" GSTM1 gene. Research is ongoing using biomarkers to determine the effect of supplementation with antioxidants/vitamins on DNA damage, especially in population subsets with putative "at risk" genotypes. Information on mechanisms of interactions between exposure, micronutrients, and other susceptibility factors is important in the development of effective practical interventions.
Identification of <i>Clostridium difficile</i> Reservoirs in The Patient Environment and Efficacy of Aerial Hydrogen Peroxide Decontamination (2017)

OBJECTIVE To identify, using a novel enhanced method of recovery, environmental sites where spores of Clostridium difficile persist despite cleaning and hydrogen peroxide aerial decontamination. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING Tertiary referral center teaching hospital. METHODS In total, 16 sites representing high-frequency contact or difficult-to-clean surfaces in a single-isolation room or bed area in patient bed bays were sampled before and after terminal or hydrogen peroxide disinfection using a sponge swab. In some rooms, individual sites were not present (eg, there were no en-suite rooms in the ICU). Swab contents were homogenized, concentrated by membrane-filtration, and plated onto selective media. Results of C. difficile sampling were used to focus cleaning. RESULTS Over 1 year, 2,529 sites from 146 rooms and 44 bays were sampled. Clostridium difficile was found on 131 of 572 surfaces (22.9%) before terminal cleaning, on 105 of 959 surfaces (10.6%) after terminal cleaning, and on 43 of 967 surfaces (4.4%) after hydrogen peroxide disinfection. Clostridium difficile persisted most frequently on floor corners (97 of 334; 29.0%) after disinfection. Between the first and third quarters, we observed a significant decrease in the number of positive sites (25 of 390 vs 6 of 256). However, no similar change in the number of isolates before terminal cleaning was observed. CONCLUSION Persistence of C. difficile in the clinical environment was widespread. Although feedback of results did not improve the efficacy of manual disinfection, numbers of C. difficile following hydrogen peroxide gradually declined. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:1487-1492.
Phosphorylation of cAMP response element‐binding protein in cultured striatal neurons by metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (2003)

The metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) is densely expressed in striatal projection neurons. As a G protein-coupled receptor, mGluR5 may initiate an intracellular cascade that conveys extracellular signals to gene expression. This study investigated the possible role of mGluR5 in the inducible phosphorylation of a nuclear transcription factor, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), in primary cultures of striatal neurons from rat E19 embryos or neonatal day-1 pups. We found that selective activation of mGluR5 with a selective agonist (RS)-2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine (CHPG) induced a rapid and transient increase in phosphorylated CREB immunoreactivity in striatal neurons as analyzed by both immunocytochemistry and western blot. The increase in CREB phosphorylation was concentration-dependent, and seen in neurochemically identified GABAergic neurons. Pre-treatment with the mGluR5 antagonist 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine hydrochloride (MPEP) blocked the CHPG phosphorylation of CREB. In contrast, the mGluR1 antagonist, 7-(hydroxyimino)cyclopropa[b]chromen-1a-carboxylate ethyl ester (CPCCOet) did not alter CHPG-stimulated CREB phosphorylation. The mGluR5 antisense oligonucleotides, but not their controls, selectively reduced basal mGluR5 levels as well as CREB phosphorylation in response to CHPG addition. Lastly, using an immediate early gene c-fos as a reporter of inducible gene expression downstream to phosphorylated CREB, we found that CHPG induced a rapid and transient increase in c-fos mRNA levels in cultured neurons as revealed by quantitative in situ hybridization. The increase in c-fos was kinetically correlated well with the CREB phosphorylation and blocked by MPEP and the CREB antisense oligonucleotides. These results demonstrate a positive linkage from surface mGluR5 to CREB phosphorylation, which is able to facilitate immediate gene expression in striatal neurons.
Making and using concrete blocks (1974)

The concrete block should be recognised in its own right, not as an alternative to other materials, the author suggests. Mr. McIntosh, who is based at the Wexham Springs Laboratories of the Cement and Concrete Association in the UK, is the author of ‘The Manufacture and Use of Concrete Blocks for Walls’, Overseas Building Note No. 150 published by BRE, from which this article has been extracted.
A Convenient Synthesis of 2,4'-Bipyridine (1990)

2,4'-Bipyridine was synthetised starting from N-ethoxycarbonylpyridinium chloride and 2-benzyloxy-6-bromopyridine or 6-bromo-2-methoxypyridine via 6-benzyloxy-2,4'-bipyridine or 6-methoxy-2,4'-bipyridine and 6-chloro-2,4'-bipyridine.
<scp>l</scp>‐2‐Hydroxyglutaric aciduria, a disorder of metabolite repair (2008)

The neurometabolic disorder L: -2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria is caused by mutations in a gene present on chromosome 14q22.1 and encoding L: -2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase. This FAD-linked mitochondrial enzyme catalyses the irreversible conversion of L: -2-hydroxyglutarate to alpha-ketoglutarate. The formation of L: -2-hydroxyglutarate results from a side-activity of mitochondrial L: -malate dehydrogenase, the enzyme that interconverts oxaloacetate and L: -malate, but which also catalyses, very slowly, the NADH-dependent conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate to L: -2-hydroxyglutarate. L: -2-Hydroxyglutarate has no known physiological function in eukaryotes and most prokaryotes. Its accumulation is toxic to the mammalian brain, causing a leukoencephalopathy and increasing the susceptibility to develop tumours. L: -2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria appears to be the first disease of 'metabolite repair'.
A survey: Internet of Things (IOT) technologies, applications and challenges (2016)

The main aim of this paper is to discuss the Internet of things in wider sense and prominence on protocols, technologies and application along related issues. The main factor IoT concept is the integration of different technologies. The IoT is empowered by the hottest developments in RFID, smart sensors, communication technologies, and Internet protocols. Primary hypothesis is to have smart sensor dealing directly to deliver a class of applications without any external or human participation. Recently development in Internet and smart phone and machine-to-machine M2M technologies can be consider first phase of the IoT. In the coming years IoT is expected to be one of the main hub between various technologies by connecting smart physical objects together and allow different applications in support of smart decision making. In this paper we discuss IoT architecture and technical aspect that relate to IoT. Then, give over view about IoT technologies, protocols and applications and related issues with comparison of other survey papers. Our main aim to provide a framework to researcher and application developer that how different protocols works, over view of some key issues of IoT and the relation between IoT and other embryonic technologies including big data analytics and cloud computing.
Aprendizaje en el primer año de estudios universitarios: motivaciones, estrategias y enfoques (2010)

Este trabajo comunica parte de los resultados del proyecto de investigación “Una cuestión pendiente: estudios de la incidencia del modelo de capacitación en Biología (Articulación UNT-Escuela Media) en el desempeño académico estudiantil universitario. II Parte”. El objetivo del presente estudio es conocer las motivaciones y estrategias de aprendizaje más frecuentes del ingresante universitario que cursa el primer año de estudios de la carrera de Odontología. El instrumento de recolección de datos utilizado es el Cuestionario de Evaluación de Procesos de Estudio y Aprendizaje –CEPEA‒ que se administró en forma individual y colectiva a 98 alumnos voluntarios. El análisis de los resultados posibilita evaluar los enfoques de aprendizaje que adopta un estudiante universitario en su proceso de estudio. Encontramos que predominan los estudiantes con enfoque superficial (57/98), que se muestran motivados extrínsecamente, sin embargo, utilizan tanto estrategias de aprendizaje memorístico como de comprensión. Un 25% adopta un enfoque profundo y 9% no coinciden en ninguna de las dos categorías de enfoques mencionados.Estas características de aprendizaje aportan claves importantes para comprender las peculiaridades del aprendizaje académico de los alumnos indagados. Los resultados sugieren la necesidad de continuar nuestros estudios en esta línea de investigación.
Salt Pollution of a Shallow Aquifer —Indianapolis, Indiana (1973)

ABSTRACT Application of deicing salts to streets and highways is a common phenomena to those living in the northern and border States. This paper points out one problem that can occur from runoff from large quantities of deicing salts. Tests of water samples from shallow wells in 1967, 1968, and 1973 document the loss of a water supply in an Indianapolis, Indiana, suburban housing development and the subsequent natural purging of high chlorinity waters.
Direct and Remote Sensing Observations of the Effects of Ships on Clouds (1989)

Under certain conditions ships can affect the structure of shallow layer clouds. Simultaneous observations of two ship track signatures in stratus clouds from a satellite and in situ from an aircraft show that in the ship tracks the droplet sizes were reduced and total concentrations of both droplets and particles were substantially increased from those in adjacent clouds. In situ measurements of the upwelling radiance within the ship tracks was significantly enhanced at visible wavelengths, whereas radiance at 2.2 micrometers was significantly reduced. Cloud reflectivity along the tracks was enhanced at 0.63 and 3.7 micrometers. These observations support the contention that ship track signatures in clouds are produced primarily by particles emitted from ships.
INFRARED OMNI-DIRECTIONAL MIRROR BASED ON ONE-DIMENSIONAL BIREFRINGENT-DIELECTRIC PHOTONIC CRYSTAL (2012)

In the present communication, we have theoretically investigated and studied the reflection properties of one-dimensional birefringent-dielectric photonic crystal (1D BDPC) structure consisting alternate layers of BD material. From the analysis of the reflectance spectra it is found that 100% reflection region for both TEand TMmode can be enhanced significantly in comparison with 1D dielectricdielectric photonic crystal (DDPC). In order to obtain the reflection spectra of the proposed structure we have used the transfer matrix method (TMM). The structure proposed by us, has a wider omnidirectional reflection (ODR) range in comparison to conventional all dielectric photonic crystals (PCs). The width of ODR can be enlarged by considering the suitable choice of lattice parameters.
An adaptive edge decision feedback equalizer with 4PAM signalling (2017)

This paper presents an adaptive edge decision feedback equalizer (DFE) with 4PAM signaling. Optimal DFE tap coefficients and threshold voltages for data recovery are obtained adaptively using sign-sign least-mean-square (SS-LMS) algorithms that minimize data jitter. Clock and data recovery is carried out using a dual phase/frequency-locked loop. A 10 Gbps 4PAM serial link has been designed in a 65 nm CMOS technology and analyzed using Spectre from Cadence Design Systems with BSIM4 models. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed adaptive edge DFE is capable of opening completely closed data eyes at the far end of a backplane channel with -25 dB boud-rate attenuation with 46.5% and 56% horizontal and vertical eye-openings, respectively while consuming 66 mW power.
Power semiconductor devices for sub-microsecond laser pulse generation (2003)

The authors analyze available devices which are anticipated to have a high potential for submicrosecond pulse generation. Highly integrated reverse-conducting thyristors (RCT) and gate turn-off (GTO) thyristors are established as devices of choice. Their switching properties are characterized and the best suited applications conditions are described. A laboratory submicrosecond pulser has been built for both devices and used to compare the RCT and GTO. For practical reasons it is found that the RCT has advantages over the present-day GTO. The future ideal power semiconductor switch is seen as a combination of both concepts.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sequence Aggregation Rules for Anomaly Detection in Computer Network Traffic (2018)

We evaluate methods for applying unsupervised anomaly detection to cybersecurity applications on computer network traffic data, or flow. We borrow from the natural language processing literature and conceptualize flow as a sort of "language" spoken between machines. Five sequence aggregation rules are evaluated for their efficacy in flagging multiple attack types in a labeled flow dataset, CICIDS2017. For sequence modeling, we rely on long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks (RNN). Additionally, a simple frequency-based model is described and its performance with respect to attack detection is compared to the LSTM models. We conclude that the frequency-based model tends to perform as well as or better than the LSTM models for the tasks at hand, with a few notable exceptions.
Polarization Properties of Corner Reflectors and Cavities* (1962)

The polarization properties of single-corner reflectors and of certain types of cavities using corner reflectors are investigated and described. States of polarization are found which remain invariant under transmission. Particular attention is given to the lossless case of total internal reflection.