gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Etiological Diagnosis of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency Using an Original Flowchart of Immune and Biochemical Markers<sup>1</sup> (1998)

Approximately 70-80% of cases of primary adrenal insufficiency are classified as idiopathic. An effective protocol for the etiological diagnosis of primary adrenal insufficiency is needed to ensure correct patient management. With the aim of developing an algorithm for the etiological diagnosis of primary adrenal insufficiency, we studied 56 Italian patients with nonsurgical primary adrenal insufficiency and 24 French patients with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) for serum levels of adrenal cortex, steroid-21-hydroxylase (21OHAb), islet cell (ICA), glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65Ab), IA2/ICA512 (ICA512Ab), thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) autoantibodies, and plasmatic concentrations of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA). High levels of 21OH and adrenal cortex antibodies were found in 35/42 (83%) and 17/42 (40%) Italian patients with idiopathic adrenal insufficiency, respectively. Levels of adrenal autoantibodies correlated inversely with disease duration (P < 0.0001). Elevated VLCFA were found in 4/42 (10%) idiopathic patients. A total of 34/35 (97%) idiopathic patients with a disease duration of less than 20 yr was positive for either 21OHSAb or elevated levels of VLCFA. None of 14 patients with posttuberculosis adrenal insufficiency had elevated levels of either adrenal antibodies or VLCFA. ICA, GAD65Ab, ICA512Ab, and TPOAb were found in 6/56 (11%), 8/56 (14%), 4/56 (7%), and 23/56 (41%) patients, respectively. None of 24 French ALD patients with adrenal insufficiency was positive for organ-specific autoantibodies. The measuring of 21OH antibodies and plasma VLCFA levels enabled a correct diagnosis of autoimmune (89%) and ALD (8%) in 97% of patients with idiopathic primary adrenal insufficiency of less than 20 yr of duration. The results of our study have important therapeutic and prognostic implications.
Bacteriophage-mediated manipulation of the gut microbiome – promises and presents limitations (2020)

Gut microbiome (GM) composition and function are linked to human health and disease, and routes for manipulating the GM have become an area of intense research. Due to its high treatment efficacy, the use of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is generally accepted as a promising experimental treatment for patients suffering from GM imbalances (dysbiosis), e.g. caused by recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections (rCDI). Mounting evidence suggests that bacteriophages (phages) play a key role in successful FMT treatment by restoring the dysbiotic bacterial GM. As a refinement to FMT, removing the bacterial component of donor feces by sterile filtration, also referred to as fecal virome transplantation (FVT), decreases the risk of invasive infections caused by bacteria. However, eukaryotic viruses and prophage-encoded virulence factors remain a safety issue. Recent in vivo studies show how cascading effects are initiated when phage communities are transferred to the gut by e.g. FVT, which leads to changes in the GM composition, host metabolome, and improve host health such as alleviating symptoms of obesity and type-2-diabetes (T2D). In this review, we discuss the promises and limitations of FVT along with the perspectives of using FVT to treat various diseases associated with GM dysbiosis.
Identification of a Novel Prostaglandin F2α Synthase in <i>Trypanosoma brucei</i> (2000)

Members of the genus Trypanosoma cause African trypanosomiasis in humans and animals in Africa. Infection of mammals by African trypanosomes is characterized by an upregulation of prostaglandin (PG) production in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. These metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA) may, in part, be responsible for symptoms such as fever, headache, immunosuppression, deep muscle hyperaesthesia, miscarriage, ovarian dysfunction, sleepiness, and other symptoms observed in patients with chronic African trypanosomiasis. Here, we show that the protozoan parasite T. brucei is involved in PG production and that it produces PGs enzymatically from AA and its metabolite, PGH(2). Among all PGs synthesized, PGF(2alpha) was the major prostanoid produced by trypanosome lysates. We have purified a novel T. brucei PGF(2alpha) synthase (TbPGFS) and cloned its cDNA. Phylogenetic analysis and molecular properties revealed that TbPGFS is completely distinct from mammalian PGF synthases. We also found that TbPGFS mRNA expression and TbPGFS activity were high in the early logarithmic growth phase and low during the stationary phase. The characterization of TbPGFS and its gene in T. brucei provides a basis for the molecular analysis of the role of parasite-derived PGF(2alpha) in the physiology of the parasite and the pathogenesis of African trypanosomiasis.
Abstract P3-14-11: Gene-expression analyses identify altered transcription factors and supports the antitumor activity of novel bromodomain inhibitors in triple negative breast cancer (2016)

Abstract Introduction: Identification of novel therapeutic targets in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a main goal. In silico evaluation of human tumors by gene expression analyses can identify functions that could be pharmacologically inhibited. BET bromodomain inhibitors are a new family of compounds that reduce activity of oncogenic transcription factors through the inhibition of bromodomains. Material and methods: We performed gene expression and functional analyses comparing triple negative tumors with normal breast samples. RT-PCR was used to evaluate genes down-regulated by treatment with the BET bromodomain inhibitors JQ1 and OTOX15 at different time points in MDA-MB231 cells. Cell proliferation and colony growth was measured by MTT uptake and 3D growth in matrigel in a panel of cell lines including HS578T, BT549, MDA-MB231 and HCC3153 treated with JQ1 and OTOX15. Evaluation of apoptosis and cell cycle was performed by flow cytometry using Annexin V and propidium iodide, respectively. Western-blot was used for evaluation of protein expression. Xenografted animals were used for the assessment of the in vivo activity of JQ1. Results: Gene expression analyses identified upregulated genes including a number of transcription factors. These genes were more expressed in MDA-MB231 compared with MCF-10A. Treatment with JQ1 reduced the expression of some transcription factors at different time points. JQ1 and OTX015 reduced proliferation and cell growth in a panel of triple negative cell lines. They also led to arrest at the G0/G1 phase in HS578T and MDA-MB231 at 12 and 24 hours; that was confirmed by the biochemical evaluation of cell cycle mediators. An induction of apoptosis was observed at 48 hours in HS578T. JQ1 at 50 mg/kg daily reduced tumor growth in MDA-MB231 xenografted in nude mice. Conclusion: Gene-expression profiling identified upregulated transcription factors in triple negative tumors compared with normal breast human samples. BET bromodomain inhibitors reduced the expression of some of these genes in cellular models. JQ1 shows clear antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Citation Format: Ocana A, Perez-Peña J, Serrano-Heras G, Corrales-Sanchez V, Montero JC, Gascón-Escribano MJ, Picazo MG, García-Olmo DC, Martin M, Pandiella A. Gene-expression analyses identify altered transcription factors and supports the antitumor activity of novel bromodomain inhibitors in triple negative breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-14-11.
A New Rat Lymphocyte Surface Marker: Characterization and Separation of Cells with Receptors for <i>Helix pomatia</i> Hemagglutinin (1977)

Thirty-two percent of neuraminidase-treated DA rat spleen lymphocytes and 48% of lymph node lymphocytes possess receptors for Helix pomatia hemagglutinin (HP). Moreover, these HP-receptor-bearing cells can be separated from B cells by affinity chromatography on HP-Sepharose columns. The virtual absence of immunoglobulin (Ig) receptors and the close correlation with reported T-cell content of these lymphoid tissues suggest that HP-receptor lymphocytes are probably T cells and that HP may provide a convenient marker, for both the identification and the purification of rat T lymphocytes.
Brain monoamines and endocrine function. (1971)

Brain monoamines localization and metabolism and endocrine function, discussing pituitary secretion and neurotransmitter input
Estimating the bispectrum of the Very Small Array data (2004)

We estimate the bispectrum of the Very Small Array data from the compact and extended configuration observations released in 2002 December, and compare our results with those obtained from Gaussian simulations. There is a slight excess of large bispectrum values for two individual fields, but this does not appear when the fields are combined. Given our expected level of residual point sources, we do not expect these to be the source of the discrepancy. Using the compact configuration data, we put an upper limit of 5400 on the value of f NL , the nonlinear coupling parameter, at 95 per cent confidence. We test our bispectrum estimator using non-Gaussian simulations with a known bispectrum, and recover the input values.
<title>Comparison of three-dimensional surface rendering techniques</title> (1991)

To make use of the three-dimensional information contained in a series of computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) slices, one must either mentally reconstruct the data or generate a model using a computer display. Computer-aided rendering of a three- dimensional surface allows inspection of the model from different angles. Creation of a three- dimensional model in wireframe or shaded surface format from tomographic slices requires identification of points along the surface of interest in each slice. This task can be accomplished (1) by manually outlining the surface in the images, or (2) by a computer algorithm designed to produce points along the surface of interest. In dealing with image sets of the head, objects outside the head (e.g., support structures, stereotactic frames, and noise) complicate the automatic detection of the perimeter of the head. This paper examines three methods of automatic wireframe generation from CT or MR slices of the head. The three approaches are based on the following techniques: traditional edge detection filters, neural networks, and thresholding combined with region connectivity analysis and region elimination. Results of the three approaches are presented along with a comparison of the relative advantages and disadvantages of each.
Competition of mesoscales and crossover to tricriticality in polymer solutions (2002)

We show that the approach to asymptotic fluctuation-induced critical behavior in polymer solutions is governed by a competition between a correlation length diverging at the critical point and an additional mesoscopic length-scale, the radius of gyration. Accurate light scattering experiments on polystyrene solutions in cyclohexane with polymer molecular weights ranging from 200 000 up to 11.4x10(6) clearly demonstrate a crossover between two universal regimes: a regime with Ising asymptotic critical behavior, where the correlation length prevails, and a regime with tricritical theta-point behavior determined by a mesoscopic polymer-chain length.
Influence of Low-Level Thermodynamic Structure on the Downdraft Properties of Simulated Supercells (2012)

Abstract Idealized simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) were performed to examine the role of capping inversions on the near-surface thermodynamic structure of outflow from simulated supercells. Two simulations were performed: one with the traditional noncapped Weisman and Klemp (WK) analytic sounding and the second with a WK sounding modified to contain a capping inversion. Both sounding environments favor splitting storms and a right-moving supercell by 90 min into the simulation. These two supercell simulations evolve in a qualitatively similar fashion, with both storms exhibiting large, quasi-steady updrafts, hook-shaped appendages in the precipitation mixing ratio field, and prominent localized downdrafts. Results show that the supercell simulated in the capped environment has a surface cold pool with larger values of pseudoequivalent potential temperature (θep) than the cold pool of the supercell produced in the noncapped simulation. Parcels in the surface cold pool of the supercell produced in the capped sounding simulation have a lower origin height than those in the surface cold pool of the supercell produced in the noncapped simulation for all times. Although θep values in the surface cold pool are primarily associated with the origin height of downdraft parcels and the environmental θep at that level, it is shown that nonconservation of θep primarily associated with hydrometeor melting can decrease θep values of downdraft parcels as they descend by several degrees.
Non-blocking modulation contributes to sodium channel inhibition by a covalently attached photoreactive riluzole analog (2018)

Sodium channel inhibitor drugs decrease pathological hyperactivity in various diseases including pain syndromes, myotonia, arrhythmias, nerve injuries and epilepsies. Inhibiting pathological but not physiological activity, however, is a major challenge in drug development. Sodium channel inhibitors exert their effects by a dual action: they obstruct ion flow ("block"), and they alter the energetics of channel opening and closing ("modulation"). Ideal drugs would be modulators without blocking effect, because modulation is inherently activity-dependent, therefore selective for pathological hyperactivity. Can block and modulation be separated? It has been difficult to tell, because the effect of modulation is obscured by conformation-dependent association/dissociation of the drug. To eliminate dynamic association/dissociation, we used a photoreactive riluzole analog which could be covalently bound to the channel; and found, unexpectedly, that drug-bound channels could still conduct ions, although with modulated gating. The finding that non-blocking modulation is possible, may open a novel avenue for drug development because non-blocking modulators could be more specific in treating hyperactivity-linked diseases.
Fundamentals of Plasma Physics (2006)

Preface 1. Basic concepts 2. The Vlasov, two-fluid, and MHD models of plasma dynamics 3. Motion of a single plasma particle 4. Elementary plasma waves 5. Streaming instabilities and the Landau problem 6. Cold plasma waves in a magnetized plasma 7. Waves in inhomogeneous plasmas and wave energy relations 8. Vlasov theory of warm electrostatic waves in a magnetized plasma 9. MHD equilibria 10. Stability of static MHD equilibria 11. Magnetic helicity interpreted and Woltjer-Taylor relaxation 12. Magnetic reconnection 13. Fokker-Planck theory of collisions 14. Wave-particle nonlinearities 15. Wave-wave nonlinearities 16. Non-neutral plasmas 17. Dusty plasmas Appendix A. Intuitive method for vector calculus identities Appendix B. Vector calculus in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates Appendix C. Frequently used physical constants and formulae Bibliography References Index.
Neuronal heterotopia with capillary penetration of neurons and cortical dysplasia in a patient with complex partial seizures (1993)

Unusual pathological findings were encountered in a temporal lobectomy specimen from a 9-year-old boy with intractable complex partial seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an enlarged left temporal lobe, with diffuse high signal intensity over the cortex and poor gray-white differentiation on T2-weighted imaging; single-photon emission computerized tomography showed decreased blood flow. Active epileptiform discharges were identified in the left temporal lobe with focal slow waves and generalized epileptiform paroxysms. Pathologically, the cortex revealed changes of focal cortical dysplasia with extensive disorganization of neuronal morphology, layering, and orientation as well as focal polymicrogyria. The cortical-white matter junction was indistinct with extensive neuronal heterotopias in the white matter. Large pale balloon cells akin to those seen in tuberous sclerosis were found scattered within the cortex and white matter. The most striking finding was that of a heterotopic nodule in the white matter, which revealed abnormal neurons with penetration of cell bodies by capillaries. Ultrastructurally, there were no degenerative changes in these neurons, and this unusual phenomenon is attributed to a developmental disturbance affecting neuronal, glial, and vascular elements.
Local Exponential $H^2$ Stabilization of a $2\times2$ Quasilinear Hyperbolic System Using Backstepping (2013)

In this work, we consider the problem of boundary stabilization for a quasilinear $2\times2$ system of first-order hyperbolic PDEs. We design a new full-state feedback control law, with actuation on only one end of the domain, which achieves $H^2$ exponential stability of the closed-loop system. Our proof uses a backstepping transformation to find new variables for which a strict Lyapunov function can be constructed. The kernels of the transformation are found to verify a Goursat-type $4\times4$ system of first-order hyperbolic PDEs, whose well-posedness is shown using the method of characteristics and successive approximations. Once the kernels are computed, the stabilizing feedback law can be explicitly constructed from them.
Thermal characterization of a NASA 30-cm ion thruster operated up to 5 kW (2000)

A preliminary thermal characterization of a newly-fabricated NSTAR-derived test-bed thruster has recently been performed. The temperature behavior of the rare-earth magnets are reported because of their critical impact on thruster operation. The results obtained to date showed that the magnet temperatures did not exceed the stabilization Emit during thruster operation up to 4.6 kW. Magnet temperature data were also obtained for two earlier NSTAR Engineering Model Thrusters and are discussed in this report. Comparison between these thrusters suggests that the test-bed engine in its present condition is able to operate safely at higher power because of the lower discharge losses over the entire operating power range of this engine. However, because of the 'burn-in' behavior of the NSTAR thruster, magnet temperatures are expected to increase as discharge losses increase with accumulated thruster operation. Consequently, a new engineering solution may be required to achieve 5-kW operation with acceptable margin.
<title>Extended-wavelength InGaAs detectors grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) on compliant substrates</title> (2001)

Current extended wavelength InGaAs detectors (<1 .7 pm) grown on InP are limited by the lattice-mismatch and consequent introduction of dislocations in the absorbing layer. In order to overcome these limits, GaAs based compliant substrates have been introduced for the growth of extended wavelength InGaAs detectors. In a first stage up to 3.8% lattice-mismatched InGaAs growth by MOVPE on GaAs compliant substrates has been investigated. Cross-hatch free surface morphology is obtained for epilayers with a thickness exceeding up to 50times the Matthews-Blakeslee critical thickness. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates a reduced FWHM (Full Width Half Maximum) and tilting of the InGaAs lattice-mismatched epitaxial layers, thus suggesting a reduced misfit dislocation density (at the interface). Consequently highly mismatched (5-6%)and thick (1-2 tim) InGaAs layers for the development of InGaAs detectors up to 2.5 jim, were grown on GaAs compliant substrates. Dark current measurements on the InGaAs detectors developed on compliant substrates indicate a comparable dark current level as for ordinary GaAs substrates, but a significant improvement in dark current uniformity. Current research includes the fabrication and use of dual material compliant substrates, e.g. InGaAs layers bonded on GaAs or other host substrates (Ge, .. .), for the growth of less than 2-3% latticemismatched InGaAs based detectors.
NDE and SHM Simulation for CFRP Composites (2014)

Ultrasound-based nondestructive evaluation (NDE) is a common technique for damage detection in composite materials. There is a need for advanced NDE that goes beyond damage detection to damage quantification and characterization in order to enable data driven prognostics. The damage types that exist in carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites include microcracking and delaminations, and can be initiated and grown via impact forces (due to ground vehicles, tool drops, bird strikes, etc), fatigue, and extreme environmental changes. X-ray microfocus computed tomography data, among other methods, have shown that these damage types often result in voids/discontinuities of a complex volumetric shape. The specific damage geometry and location within ply layers affect damage growth. Realistic threedimensional NDE and structural health monitoring (SHM) simulations can aid in the development and optimization of damage quantification and characterization techniques. This paper is an overview of ongoing work towards realistic NDE and SHM simulation tools for composites, and also discusses NASA's need for such simulation tools in aeronautics and spaceflight. The paper describes the development and implementation of a custom ultrasound simulation tool that is used to model ultrasonic wave interaction with realistic 3-dimensional damage in CFRP composites. The custom code uses elastodynamic finite integration technique and is parallelized to run efficiently on computing cluster or multicore machines.
Crystal Structure of Human Adenovirus at 3.5 Å Resolution (2010)

Rational development of adenovirus vectors for therapeutic gene transfer is hampered by the lack of accurate structural information. Here, we report the x-ray structure at 3.5 angstrom resolution of the 150-megadalton adenovirus capsid containing nearly 1 million amino acids. We describe interactions between the major capsid protein (hexon) and several accessory molecules that stabilize the capsid. The virus structure also reveals an altered association between the penton base and the trimeric fiber protein, perhaps reflecting an early event in cell entry. The high-resolution structure provides a substantial advance toward understanding the assembly and cell entry mechanisms of a large double-stranded DNA virus and provides new opportunities for improving adenovirus-mediated gene transfer.
Six-axis force sensing footwear for natural walking analysis (2005)

This paper describes "six-axis force sensing footwear" which is a sensor designed analyze the natural walking dynamics of a human being. The system fixes to the shank link and uses prosthetic feet, which have flexible soles for walking. We verified the system in a comparison experiment of force plate with footwear. Most of the walking data using the system can be considered as the same as normal data because of moment and force pattern. We conducted the walk experiment also on uneven ground. Measures of walking patterns such as knee joint moment are the same when wearing the sensor as when walking naturally. The comparison showed that the system could be used for natural waking analysis.
180 EVALUATION OF SOLUBLE E-SELECTIN UNDER SEPTIC AND POST-TRAUMATIC CONDITIONS - EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES (1995)

Kneidinger, R.; Robinson, M.; Weichselbraun, I.; Cremer, J.; Bahrami, S.; Redl, H.; Schlag, G. Author Information
LiF As Electrolyte For Solid State Electrochromic Structures (1985)

Solid state electrochromic (EC) structure Au/W0<sub>3</sub>/LiF/Au has been studied with different thicknesses of LiF electrolyte. The results indicate a dependence of EC behavior on humidity and electrolyte thickness. A simple theoretical model has been proposed to explain the coloration process.