gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increase in cell motility by carbon ion irradiation via the Rho signaling pathway and its inhibition by the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells (2014)

This study aimed to investigate the effect of carbon ion (C-ion) irradiation on cell motility through the ras homolog gene family member (Rho) signaling pathway in the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. Cell motility was assessed by a wound-healing assay, and the formation of cell protrusions was evaluated by F-actin staining. Cell viability was examined by the WST-1 assay. The expression of myosin light chain 2 (MLC2) and the phosphorylation of MLC2 at Ser19 (P-MLC2-S19) were analyzed by Western blot. At 48 h after irradiation, the wound-healing assay demonstrated that migration was significantly greater in cells irradiated with C-ion (2 or 8 Gy) than in unirradiated cells. Similarly, F-actin staining showed that the formation of protrusions was significantly increased in cells irradiated with C-ion (2 or 8 Gy) compared with unirradiated cells. The observed increase in cell motility due to C-ion irradiation was similar to that observed due to X-ray irradiation. Western-blot analysis showed that C-ion irradiation (8 Gy) increased P-MLC2-S19 expression compared with in unirradiated controls, while total MLC2 expression was unchanged. Exposure to a non-toxic concentration of Y-27632, a specific inhibitor of Rho-associated coiled-coil-forming protein kinase (ROCK), reduced the expression of P-MLC2-S19 after C-ion irradiation (8 Gy), resulting in a significant reduction in migration. These data suggest that C-ion irradiation increases cell motility in A549 cells via the Rho signaling pathway and that ROCK inhibition reduces that effect.
Shape control of element distribution inside a glass by simultaneous irradiation with femtosecond laser pulses at multiple spots (2013)

Control of a shape of local element distribution inside a glass, especially to induce sharp-edged structure was achieved by simultaneous irradiation of femtosecond laser pulses with high repetition rate and low repetition rate.
SIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENT OF HEPATIC TISSUE pH, VENOUS OXYGEN SATURATION AND HEMOGLOBIN BY NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY (2001)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy of the liver to simultaneously assess oxygen content in combination with tissue pH, an indicator of anaerobic metabolism. Six anesthetized swine were subjected to 45 min of hemorrhagic shock followed by resuscitation with blood and crystalloid. Calibration models between NIR spectra and reference measurements of tissue pH, hepatic venous oxygen saturation (S(V)O2), and blood hemoglobin concentration (Hb) were developed using partial least-squares regression. Model accuracy was assessed using cross validation. The average correlation (R2) between NIR and reference measurements was 0.87, 0.68, and 0.93, respectively for pH, Hb, and S(V)O2. Estimated accuracy, the root mean squared deviation between spectral, and reference measurements was 0.03 pH units, 0.3 g/dL, and 6%. NIR determination of hepatic oxygen content and tissue pH during shock and resuscitation demonstrated that there can be a variance between hepatic venous oxygenation and regional tissue acidosis. NIR spectroscopy provides a technique to explore the implications of post-shock depression of tissue pH and evaluate new methods of resuscitation.
Outflanking and securely using the PIN/TAN-System (2004)

Abstract — Initially this paper gives a report about a real accomplished attack on the PIN/TAN–System. We choose to attack an online banking system as a representative for the various internet–based services utilizing the PIN/TAN–System. An attacker eavesdrops on the account information, prevents its arrival at the online bank and uses it for executing its own automatic bank transactions. We show how and why we choose the concrete target–environment, which techniques we utilized to break the system and how a raider could hide itself to escape from punishment. Lastly we analyze the attack and propose suited counter measures which can be applied by the customer to prevent this and similar attacks. I. STATEMENT In this paper we show a successful attack on a real online banking account. Doing this is somewhat delicate. In order to
Solid phase micro‐extraction coupled with ion mobility spectrometry for the analysis of ephedrine in urine (2005)

Quantitative solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) coupled with ion mobility spectrometry is demonstrated using the analysis of ephedrine in urine. Since its inception in the 1970's ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has evolved into a useful technique for laboratories to detect explosives, chemical warfare agents, environment pollutants and, increasingly, for detecting drugs of abuse. Ephedrine is extracted directly from urine samples using SPME and the analyte on the fiber is heated by the IMS desorber unit and vaporized into the drift tube. The analytical procedure was optimized for fiber coating selection, extraction temperature, extraction time, sample pH, and analyte desorption temperature. The carryover effects, ion fragmentation characteristics, peak shapes, and drift times of ephedrine were also evaluated based on the direct interfacing of SPME to IMS. A limit of detection of 50 ng/mL of ephedrine in urine and a linear range of 3 orders of magnitude were obtained, showing that SPME-IMS compares well to other techniques for ephedrine and drug analysis presented in the literature.
Density-Dependent Effects on Steinernema glaseri (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) within an Insect Host (1995)

Increasing densities of Steinernema glaseri infective juveniles (IJs) in soil affected penetration efficiency and reproduction of the nematodes in larvae of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella. The penetration efficiency and the proportion of penetrated IJs developing to adults decreased significantly with increasing numbers of IJs present in the soil and entering the hosts, respectively. The number of progeny produced/host cadaver initially increased, with the highest production being between 20.7 +/- 3.3 and 58.0 +/- 6.6 IJs established/host +/- SE and decreased at higher densities. Above 184.4 +/- 37.7 IJs established/host, no progeny emerged from the cadavers.
PTFE-based microreactor system for the continuous synthesis of full-visible-spectrum emitting cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (2017)

Colloidal perovskite nanocrystals comprised of all inorganic cesium lead halide (CsPbX<sub>3</sub>, X = Cl, Br, I or a mixture thereof) have potential as optical gain materials due to their high luminescence efficiency. In this work, cesium lead halide nanocrystals are continuously synthesized via a microreactor system consisting of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) capillaries. The synthesized nanocrystals possess excellent optical properties, including a full width at half maximum of 19-35 nm, high fluorescence quantum yield of 47.8-90.55%, and photoluminescence emission in the range of 450-700 nm. For the same precursor concentrations, the photoluminescence emission peak generally increases with increasing reaction temperature, revealing a controllable temperature effect on the photoluminescence characteristics of the synthesized nanocrystals. For quantum dots synthesized with a Br/I ratio of 1:3, a slight blue shift was observed for reaction temperatures greater than 100 °C. This PTFE-based microreactor system provides the unique capability of continuously synthesizing high-quality perovskite nanocrystals that emit over the full visible spectrum with applications ranging from displays and optoelectronic devices.
A Consideration on a Dynamic Control Method for Quadruped Walking Robots (1992)

There are many kinds of control methods for quadruped walking robots. In this paper, we deal with a walking control method in which the robot system can utilize the gravity effect very skillfully and the energy can thus be saved. Using computer simulation, we studied the walking control by this method from some aspects, such as the mean walking speed, the variation of the walking speed, and the stability. It is shown that the step width and the bending angle of the knee joints at the touchdown are important factors for walking controls.
Moving Toward a Comprehensive Map of Central Plant Metabolism (2015)

Decades of intensive study have led to the discovery of the main pathways involved in central metabolism but only some of the pathways and regulatory networks in which they are embedded. In this review, we discuss techniques used to assemble these pathways into a systems biology framework that can enable accurate modeling of the response of central metabolism to changes, including ways to perturb metabolic systems and assemble the resulting data into a meaningful network. Critically, these networks are of such size and complexity that it is possible to derive them only if data from different groups can be comprehensively and meaningfully combined. We conclude that it is essential to establish common standards for the description of experimental conditions and data collection and to store this information in databases to which the whole community can contribute.
Genetic Alterations in the Chromosome 22q12 Region Associated with Development of Neuroectodermal Tumors (1994)

Although it is the second smallest autosome after chromosome 21, chromosome 22 is one of the most frequent sites of cytogenetic abnormality observed in human cancer. Not only was it the first chromosome shown to be recurrently involved in a balanced translocation (Nowel and Hungerford 1960), it was also the first chromosome shown to be recurrently deleted in a specific neoplasm (Zang and Singer 1967).
Evaporation-induced saline Rayleigh convection inside a colloidal droplet (2013)

Inside evaporating two-component sessile droplets, a family of the Rayleigh convection exists, driven by salinity gradient formed by evaporation of solvent and solute. In this work, the characteristic of the flow inside an axisymmetric droplet is investigated. A stretched coordinate system is employed to account for the effect of boundary movement. A scaling analysis shows that the flow velocity is proportional to the (salinity) Rayleigh number (Ras) at the small-Rayleigh-number limit. A numerical analysis for a hemispherical droplet exhibits the flow velocity is proportional to the non-dimensional number \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$Ra_s^{1/2}$\end{document}Ras1/2, at high Rayleigh numbers. A self-similar condition is established for the concentration field irrespective of the Rayleigh numbers after a moderate time, and the flow field is invariant with time at this stage. The scaling relation for the high Rayleigh numbers is verified experimentally by using aqueous NaCl droplets.
Multiple-Material Topology Optimization of Compliant Mechanisms Created Via PolyJet Three-Dimensional Printing (2014)

Compliant mechanisms are able to transfer motion, force, and energy using a monolithic structure without discrete hinge elements. The geometric design freedoms and multimaterial capability offered by the PolyJet 3D printing process enables the fabrication of compliant mechanisms with optimized topology. The inclusion of multiple materials in the topology optimization process has the potential to eliminate the narrow, weak, hingelike sections that are often present in single-material compliant mechanisms and also allow for greater magnitude deflections. In this paper, the authors propose a design and fabrication process for the realization of 3-phase, multiple-material compliant mechanisms. The process is tested on a 2D compliant force inverter. Experimental and numerical performance of the resulting 3-phase inverter is compared against a standard 2-phase design.
A simple controller for a variable stiffness joint with uncertain dynamics and prescribed performance guarantees (2012)

In this paper a simple tracking controller for a variable stiffness joint is proposed. System dynamics is considered unknown. The controller guarantees link and stiffness motor position performance specifications that have been apriori set, utilizing full state feedback. Simulation results on the previously published CompAct-VSA joint validate the efficiency of the proposed control approach.
Spray Pyrolysis of CuIn(S,Se)<sub>2</sub> Solar Cells with 5.9% Efficiency: A Method to Prevent Mo Oxidation in Ambient Atmosphere (2014)

Direct spray pyrolysis to form CuInS2 (CIS) on molybdenum substrate in ambient environment has been a challenge because of the ease of Mo oxidation at low temperatures. MoO2 formation affects the wettability of precursor solution during spray pyrolysis, which degrades the uniformity of CIS film and acts as a resistive layer for carrier transport. In this paper, Mo oxidation was prevented by using excess sulfur in the precursor solution under a gradual heating and spray process. A thin precursor layer was initially deposited as a barrier layer to prevent oxygen adsorption on Mo surface before the temperature was increased further to form polycrystalline CuInS2. The CuIn(S,Se)2 (CISSe) device fabricated from selenization of the spray-pyrolyzed CIS film exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.9%. The simple spray method proposed here can be used to deposit a variety of Cu-based chalcopyrite precursor to produce high-quality thin film solar cells.
Intersection in Integer Inverted Indices (2007)

Inverted index data structures are the key to fast search engines. The predominant operation on inverted indices asks for intersecting two sorted lists of document IDs which might have vastly varying lengths. We compare previous theoretical approaches, methods used in practice, and one new algorithm which exploits that the intersection uses small integer keys. We also take different data compression techniques into account. The new algorithm is very fast, simple, has good space efficiency, and is the only algorithm that performs well over the entire spectrum of relative list length ratios.
Applications of two-photon absorption in silicon (2008)

The main theoretical and experimental backgrounds of two-photon absorption (TPA) and TPA-induced free carriers in silicon are presented in detail. In particular, the mostly recent experimental achievements in applications of TPA and TPAinduced free carriers are discussed, such as optical limiting, optical pulse shaping, all-optical switching and modulation, alloptical logic gates, all-optical wavelength conversion and some applications of TPA in silicon photodiode. We show that TPA and TPA-induced free carriers in silicon can provide novel functional devices on chip scale, which would play important roles in the future optical communication and optical signal process systems.
Molecular Epidemiology of KPC-Producing Escherichia coli: Occurrence of ST131- <i>fimH30</i> Subclone Harboring pKpQIL-Like IncFIIk Plasmid (2014)

Of 20 Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing Escherichia coli isolates identified at hospitals in western Pennsylvania, 60% belonged to the epidemic ST131-fimH30 subclone. IncFIIk was the most common replicon type for the blaKPC-carrying plasmids (n = 8). All IncFIIk plasmids possessed a scaffold similar to that of pKpQIL, and seven of them were borne by ST131-fimH30 isolates. IncN plasmids conferred resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and IncA/C plasmids conferred resistance to gentamicin. Three blaKPC-carrying plasmids (IncA/C and IncN) possessed blaSHV-7/12 and qnrA1 or qnrS1.
Technique and Patient Selection Criteria of Right Anterior Mini-Thoracotomy for Minimal Access Aortic Valve Replacement (2018)

Aortic valve stenosis has become the most prevalent valvular heart disease in developed countries, and is due to the aging of these populations. The incidence of the pathology increases with growing age after 65 years. Conventional surgical aortic valve replacement through median sternotomy has been the gold standard of patient care for symptomatic aortic valve stenosis. However, as the risk profile of patients worsens, other therapeutic strategies have been introduced in an attempt to maintain the excellent results obtained by the established surgical treatment. One of these approaches is represented by transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Although the outcomes of high-risk patients undergoing treatment for symptomatic aortic valve stenosis have improved with transcatheter aortic valve replacement, many patients with this condition remain candidates for surgical aortic valve replacement. In order to reduce the surgical trauma in patients who are candidates for surgical aortic valve replacement, minimally invasive approaches have garnered interest during the past decade. Since the introduction of right anterior thoracotomy for aortic valve replacement in 1993, right anterior mini-thoracotomy and upper hemi-sternotomy have become the predominant incisional approaches among cardiac surgeons performing minimal access aortic valve replacement. Beside the location of the incision, the arterial cannulation site represents the second major landmark of minimal access techniques for aortic valve replacement. The two most frequently used arterial cannulation sites include central aortic and peripheral femoral approaches. With the purpose of reducing surgical trauma in these patients, we have opted for a right anterior mini-thoracotomy approach with a central aortic cannulation site. This protocol describes in detail a technique for minimally invasive aortic valve replacement and provides recommendations for patient selection criteria, including cardiac computer tomography measurements. The indications and limitations of this technique, as well as its alternatives, are discussed.
Assessing phagotrophy in the mixotrophic ciliate Paramecium bursaria using GFP-expressing yeast cells (2017)

We used cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) as fluorescently labelled prey to assess the phagocytic activities of the mixotrophic ciliate Paramecium bursaria, which harbours symbiotic Chlorella-like algae. Because of different fluorescence spectra of GFP and algal chlorophyll, ingested GFP-expressing yeast cells can be distinguished from endosymbiotic algal cells and directly counted in individual P. bursaria cells using fluorescence microscopy. By using GFP-expressing yeast cells, we found that P. bursaria altered ingestion activities under different physiological conditions, such as different growth phases or the presence/absence of endosymbionts. Use of GFP-expressing yeast cells allowed us to estimate the digestion rates of live prey of the ciliate. In contrast to the ingestion activities, the digestion rate within food vacuoles was not affected by the presence of endosymbionts, consistent with previous findings that food and perialgal vacuoles are spatially and functionally separated in P. bursaria. Thus, GFP-expressing yeast may provide a valuable tool to assess both ingestion and digestion activities of ciliates that feed on eukaryotic organisms.
Multivalent, Biodegradable Polyglycerol Hydrogels (2011)

In this paper we describe the preparation of disulfide crosslinked polyglycerol hydrogels by the ring-opening crosslinking polymerization of glycerol and polyethylene glycol-based polyepoxides and Na2S2. Multivalent polyglycerol hydrogels were prepared by acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of remaining epoxide functionalities. Additionally, a near infrared fluorescent dye was encapsulated in the hydrogel network. Our hydrogels show complete degradation in reducing environments and a controlled release of the fluorescence dye was observed. These hydrogels are interesting scaffolds for bioactive substances, which can be released, triggered by the hydrogel degradation.
Synergy between tamoxifen and cisplatin in human melanoma cells is dependent on the presence of antiestrogen-binding sites. (1997)

We have demonstrated previously that cisplatin (DDP) and tamoxifen (TAM) act synergistically to kill human melanoma T-289 cells, and that the observed synergy is lost in the 3-fold TAM-resistant subline, 289/TAM6. We have identified the intracellular antiestrogen-binding sites (AEBSs), defined by their ability to bind antiestrogens while having no affinity for estrogen, as a possible mediator of this synergy. We report here that [3H]TAM binds to AEBSs, as defined by the ability of N,N-diethyl-2-[4-(phenylmethyl)phenoxy]ethanamine-HCl, an AEBS-specific ligand, to compete with [3H]TAM binding. Furthermore, we have characterized the number of binding sites and their affinity for [3H]TAM by Scatchard analysis in whole-cell lysates, microsomal fractions, and nuclear fractions of both cell lines by competing [3H]TAM binding with increasing concentrations of unlabeled TAM. These data demonstrate that the loss of a high-affinity AEBS from the nuclear fraction of the 289/TAM6 cell line correlates with the loss of synergy between DDP and TAM in these cells. This implicates AEBSs as a critical component of the mechanism that mediates the synergistic interaction of DDP and TAM in human melanoma cells.
Precise and compact modular procedure summaries for heap manipulating programs (2012)

We present a strictly bottom-up, summary-based, and precise heap analysis targeted for program verification that performs strong updates to heap locations at call sites. We first present a theory of heap decompositions that forms the basis of our approach; we then describe a full analysis algorithm that is fully symbolic and efficient. We demonstrate the precision and scalability of our approach for verification of real C and C++ programs.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3 Mediates Induction of Corneal Alloimmunity (2007)

There are no studies so far linking molecular regulation of lymphangiogenesis and induction of adaptive immunity. Here, we show that blockade of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) signaling significantly suppresses corneal antigen-presenting (dendritic) cell trafficking to draining lymph nodes, induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity and rejection of corneal transplants. Regulating the function of VEGFR-3 may therefore be a mechanism for modulating adaptive immunity in the periphery.