gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Feasibility of Wearable Exotendon Networks for Whole-Hand\n Movement Patterns in Stroke Patients (2017)

Fully wearable hand rehabilitation and assistive devices could extend\ntraining and improve quality of life for patients affected by hand impairments.\nHowever, such devices must deliver meaningful manipulation capabilities in a\nsmall and lightweight package. In this context, this paper investigates the\ncapability of single-actuator devices to assist whole-hand movement patterns\nthrough a network of exotendons. Our prototypes combine a single linear\nactuator (mounted on a forearm splint) with a network of exotendons (routed on\nthe surface of a soft glove). We investigated two possible tendon network\nconfigurations: one that produces full finger extension (overcoming flexor\nspasticity), and one that combines proximal flexion with distal extension at\neach finger. In experiments with stroke survivors, we measured the force levels\nneeded to overcome various levels of spasticity and open the hand for grasping\nusing the first of these configurations, and qualitatively demonstrated the\nability to execute fingertip grasps using the second. Our results support the\nfeasibility of developing future wearable devices able to assist a range of\nmanipulation tasks.\n
On the Regulation of Circulation during Muscular Work. (1943)

Summary. In a series of experiments the cardiac output, the blood pressure and the pulse rate have been determined during electrically induced—and normal voluntary Work. The results showed that the circulation was increased corresponding to the oxygen consumption independently of the kind of work performed. From these results it is concluded, that the cortical impulses play no part‐in the regulation of the circulation in the steady state of muscular work. This together with other evidence discussed in this paper makes it probable, that the regulation of the circulation during muscular work is governed by reflex impulses from the working muscles.
Ein neuer Weg zur Darstellung von Aromaten‐metall‐carbonylen (1966)

Abstract Mit einer Reaktion nach dem Schema L 3 Cr(CO) 3 + 3A + Aromat ArCr(CO) 3 + 3A – L (L = basischer Ligand, A = Lewis‐Säure) wurde eine neue Synthese für Aromaten‐metall‐tricarbonyle gefunden. Da diese Reaktion bei niedriger Temperatur sehr rasch abläuft, können auch solche Aromaten umgesetzt werden, die bisher durch Nebenreaktionen einer Komplexbildung ausgewichen sind. Von Brombenzol, Jodbenzol, Selenophen und 2.5‐Dimethyl‐selenophen ließen sich mit dieser Methode erstmals Aromat‐Cr(CO) 3 ‐Komplexe darstellen.
Hypervalent organoiodine compounds in organic synthesis; Reaction with organosilicon and tin. (1986)

Iodosylbenzene activated by the coordination of Lewis acids to the oxygen atom reacts readily with a variety of organosilicon and tin compounds to produce the hypervalent organoiodine (III) species. Allyl- and vinyliodine (III) compounds are highly reactive and act as the species equivalent to allyl and vinyl cations, because iodine (III) at the hypervalent state is a good Ieaving group. Reaction of alkynyliodine (III) compounds with stable enolates of 1, 3-dicarbonyl compounds produces substituted cyclopentenes via the (1, 5) C-H insertion of alkylidene carbene intermediates. 1, 4-Fragmentation of γ-tributylstannyl alcohols using iodosylbenzene, BF3, and DCC gives rise to unsaturated carbonyl compounds. The fragmentation, combined with conjugated addition of Bu3SnLi and reduction or alkylation, offers an efficient procedure for the reductive and alkylative ring opening of cyclic vinyl ketones.
Ezetimibe for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Assessment by novel magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance elastography in a randomized trial (MOZART trial) (2014)

Ezetimibe did not significantly reduce liver fat in NASH. This trial demonstrates the application of colocalization of MRI-PDFF-derived fat maps and magnetic resonance elastography-derived stiffness maps of the liver before and after treatment to noninvasively assess treatment response in NASH.
A Case of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 with Multiple Rectal Carcinoids (2010)

症例は神経線維腫症1型の43歳の女性で，排便時出血があり下部内視鏡検査を施行したところ，内痔核に加え下部直腸に米粒大の粘膜下腫瘤を4個認めた．経肛門的に腫瘤摘出を行ったところ，カルチノイドの病理組織学的診断であった．CT, MRIにて直腸後壁に3 cm大の腫瘤を，回結腸間膜にも同性状の3.5 cm大の腫瘤を認めたため，直腸超低位前方切除，回結腸間膜腫瘤摘出を行った．組織学的検査ではいずれの腫瘤も蔓状神経線維腫であった．直腸を全割して検索したところ，径1～6 mmのカルチノイドを合計10個認め，直腸間膜内リンパ節に転移を伴っていた．神経線維腫症1型では消化管や後腹膜など腹腔内にも神経線維腫は発生しうる．カルチノイドは合併しやすいとされるが十二指腸乳頭部領域に多く直腸カルチノイドの合併はまれである．今回，多発性直腸カルチノイドを伴った神経線維腫症1型の症例を文献的考察を加えて報告する．
Optical hitless switches and all-state polarization controller with single-level proximity perturbation for high density photonic integrated circuits (2004)

This work demonstrates optical hitless switches and all-state polarization controller with single-level proximity perturbation. Design principles and fabrication steps are also presented. These devices offer practical applications in the field of high density photonic integrated circuits.
Kinetics of bisulfite-induced cytosine deamination in single-stranded DNA (1993)

The rate of bisulfite-induced deamination of cytosine to uracil in single-stranded (ss) DNA at physiological temperature and pH was monitored by a sensitive genetic assay. The assay is based on reversion of a mutation in the lacZ alpha gene of bacteriophage M13mp2 and employs ung- (NR9404) and ung+ (MC1061) bacterial strains which are isogenic except for uracil glycosylase activity. For ss DNA incubated with 1-50 mM bisulfite and transfected into an ung- cell strain, the reversion frequency increased linearly with time of incubation and with concentration of bisulfite. Of 54 revertants sequenced, all were C-->T transitions. Reduction in reversion frequency upon transfecting ss DNA into ung+ cells indicated that the majority of mutations were occurring via a uracil intermediate. Assuming that all revertants arose via uracil, the pseudo-first-order rate constant for deamination in 10 mM sodium bisulfite and 10 mM Hepes-NaOH, pH 7.4, at 37 degrees C as measured by transfecting into an ung- cell strain was 3.5 x 10(-10) s-1, as compared to a spontaneous background rate constant of 0.6 x 10(-10) s-1 in buffer alone.
Energy transfer to the Ce3+ centers in Lu3Al5O12:Ce scintillator (2004)

Luminescence spectra and scintillation decays under steady-state and pulsed X-ray excitations, respectively, are presented for undoped and Ce-doped Lu3Al5O12 single crystals at room temperature. The energy transfer from the trapped exciton state towards the Ce3+ centers appears rather inefficient. A negative influence of the shallow trapping states is evidenced, which results in delayed radiative recombination at the Ce3+ centers and slows down the scintillation response of the material. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The non-self-sustaining gas discharge for exciting continuouswave gas lasers (1977)

РќРµСЃР°РјРѕСЃС‚РѕСЏС‚РµР»СЊРЅС‹Р№ РіР°Р·РѕРІС‹Р№ СЂР°Р·СЂСЏРґ, РІРѕР·Р±СѓР¶РґР°СЋС‰РёР№ РЅРµРїСЂРµСЂС‹РІРЅС‹Рµ CO<sub>2</sub>-Р»Р°Р·РµСЂС‹, Р’РµР»РёС…РѕРІ Р•.Рџ., РџРёСЃСЊРјРµРЅРЅС‹Р№ Р’.Р”., Р Р°С…РёРјРѕРІ Рђ.Рў.
Pentoxifylline for the Treatment of Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (1994)

Cytokine dysregulation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection has been documented in numerous studies and has been cited as an important component in the pathogenesis of this retroviral infection. Pharmacological modification of cytokine dysregulation, therefore, has been suggested as a therapeutic modality for HIV-1 infection. Dr. Dezube of Beth Israel Hospital (Boston) concisely reviews the state of our knowledge regarding the effects of pentoxifylline on expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, a cytokine known to influence HIV-1 replication and to play a possible role in the clinical manifestations of advanced infection with this virus. Pentoxifylline, a trisubstituted xanthine derivative, has been used to decrease blood viscosity and is reasonably well tolerated by most recipients of the drug. Results of preliminary studies, many of which were conducted by Dr. Dezube, suggest that use of this agent in combination with antiretroviral compounds may prove useful in the treatment of patients with HIV-1 infection.
Structural and Conformational Analysis of Naturally Occurring Cularine N-Oxide Alkaloids (1995)

+)-cts-and (+)-trans-Cularidine N-oxides were isolated from Ceratocapnos heterocarpa.Their structures and conformations were derived from 'H, "c, one dimensional nOe nmr data and their chemical behaviour.The trons isomer possesses the usual conformation of cularine alkaloids and readily undergoes Cope elimination.The cis isomer exhibits a dilferent conformation at the dihydrosepine ring.
<i>C</i><sub>3</sub>‐symmetrisches Hexakis(trimethylsilyl)[7]‐phenylen [“Tris(biphenylenocyclobutadieno)‐cyclohexatrien”] – ein polycyclischer, benzoider Kohlenwasserstoff mit leicht gekrümmter Struktur (1995)

In vier Stufen und mit einer Ausbeute von 14% entsteht das [7]Phenylen 1 aus Hexakis(trimethylsilylethinyl)‐benzol. 1 ist nicht planar, sondern leicht gekrümmt, und in der Elementarzelle stehen sich zwei Moleküle versetzt gestaffelt in einer Konkav‐konkav‐Anordnung gegenüber. magnified image
Pharmacokinetics and 48-Week Safety and Efficacy of Generic Lopinavir/Ritonavir in Thai HIV-Infected Patients (2012)

Generic LPV/r showed adequate levels, good tolerability and excellent 48-week efficacy.
Aprendizaje de relaciones de contingencia y causalidad: hacia un análisis integral del aprendizaje causal desde una perspectiva computacional <BR></BR>Learning of causal and contingency relationships: Towards a comprehensive analysis of causal learning from a computational approach (2002)

En las dos ultimas decadas el estudio del Aprendizaje Causal ha experimentado un gran avance en lo que se refiere a la formulacion de modelos que tratan de explicar como las personas somos capaces de inferir relaciones e causalidad a partir de !a observacion de la relacion estadistica entre acontecimientos del medio. Muchos modelos reducen la explicacion a un algoritmo de computo simple. Frente a esa idea mecanicista, en este trabajo adoptamos una perspectiva computacional, intentando dotar de sentido normativo y funcional a la adquisicion de conocimiento causal. En otras palabras, pretendemos responder a dos preguntas fundamentales: a) que informacion es relevante en el aprendizaje de relaciones de causalidad?, y b) ? por lue dacha informacion es rele-vante? Desde este punto de vista, lo mas importante no es describir la formulacion matematica de los procesos implicados en el procesamiento, sino analizar el sentido funcional de dichos procesos. A continuacion, discutire-mos sobre como este marco computacional puede guiar la construccion teorica en el futuro a nivel algoritmico y ayudar a integrar los distintos modelos actuales. Palabras clave: Aprendizaje de causalidad, razonamiento inductivo, contingencia, correlacion.
Compression of Laser Pulses (1984)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text A. M. Johnson, R. H. Stolen, and W. M. Simpson, "Compression of Laser Pulses," Optics News 10(6), 42_1-43 (1984) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Essential independent sets and Hamiltonian cycles (1996)

An independent set S of a graph G is said to be essential if S has a pair of vertices distance two apart in G. We prove that if every essential independent set S of order k ≥ 2 in a k-connected graph of order p satisfies max {deg v:v ϵ S} ≥ ½ p, then g is hamiltonian. This generalizes the result of Fan (J. Combinatorial Theory B 37 (1984), 221–227). If we consider the essential independent sets of order k + 1 instead of k in the assumption of the above statement, we can no longer assure the existence a hamiltonian cycle. However, we can still give a lower bound to the length of a longest cycle. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Invariant natural killer T cells reconstitution and the control of leukemia relapse in pediatric haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (2012)

CD1d-restricted invariant (i)NKT cells are innate-like, lipid-reactive T lymphocytes implicated in the control of infections, cancer and autoimmunity. Our study suggests that the reconstitution of the peripheral iNKT cell compartment, following HLA-haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, associates with leukemia control in children affected by different hematological malignancies.
Accurate Approximations for the Capacity Distribution of OFDM-Based Spatial Multiplexing (2007)

We derive new analytic approximations to the capacity distribution of frequency-selective Rayleigh fading MIMO channels. The results apply specifically to OFDM-based spatial multiplexing. In particular, we present a new closed-form Gaussian approximation which yields very high accuracy in many scenarios. For the low SNR regime, we also present a new simpler closed-form Gamma approximation, which we show to be even more accurate than Gaussian in this case. Our approximations are based on new exact closed-form expressions which we derive for the variance of the mutual information which, in contrast to previous results, apply for systems with both arbitrary numbers of antennas and arbitrary-length channel delay profiles.
Research note: methodology for high-quality RNA extraction from poultry whole blood for further gene expression analysis (2014)

1. There are no published methods for RNA isolation from avian whole blood where nucleated red blood cells prevent the use of established mammalian protocols. The aim of this study was therefore to develop a protocol for total RNA extraction using avian whole blood by defining the effect of anticoagulants and sample purification protocols on RNA yield and quality. 2. Blood collections from the cutaneous ulnar or medial metatarsal veins of birds yielded adequate blood volume (2-3 ml) draws. The experiment was a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments, with two levels of DNase (0 and TURBO DNA-free Kit), two levels of Cleanup (0 and RNeasy MinElute Cleanup Kit), and three anticoagulants (no anticoagulant, EDTA, or sodium citrate). 3. RNA was isolated successfully by adding TRIzol LS to 0.25 ml of chicken whole blood at 3:1 ratio. From 0.125 ml of avian whole blood, 2-3 µg of RNA with RNA integrity number values of 7.75 was successfully isolated with the TRIzol LS extraction and an RNeasy MinElute Cleanup Kit. 4. This reliable protocol can be used to extract high yield and quality of total RNA from a small amount of whole blood.
Increased insulin and leptin sensitivity in mice lacking acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (2002)

MethodsMice.Dgat1 -/-mice (95% C57BL/6 and 5% 129/SvJae background) were generated previously (4).Wild-type (Dgat1 +/+ ), ob/+, and A Y /a mice (all in C57BL/6 background) were from the The Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, Maine, USA).A Y /a mice are obese and insulin resistant, reflecting the antagonism of melanocyte-
Inhibition de la corrosion du fer dans HCL 1 M. Partie II. Etude des propriétés inhibitrices du 2-aminothiophénol et du 2-aminophényl disulfure, par spectroscopie d'impédanceFor Part I, see ref. 1. (2002)

L'inhibition de la corrosion du fer dans HCl 1 M par des composés organiques: le 2-aminothiophénol (ATP) et le 2-aminophényl disulfure (APDS), est étudiée par spectroscopie d'impédance électrochimique (SIE). L'adsorption de ces composés à la surface du métal entraîne une augmentation de la résistance de polarisation, accompagnée d'une diminution de la capacité de la double couche. L'évolution des diagrammes d'impédance en fonction de la concentration en inhibiteur et le temps d'immersion de l'électrode met en évidence la présence, dans le cas de l'APDS, d'une couche protectrice plus adhérente et plus efficace que celle formée dans le cas de l'ATP. Les propriétés inhibitrices de la couche adsorbée sont aussi étudiées dans le domaine de polarisation cathodique et anodique du métal. Le phénomène de dissolution avec piqûration du fer, qui survient en milieu HCl 1 M quand l'électrode de fer est polarisée à des potentiels anodiques élevés, se trouve nettement diminué en présence d'inhibiteurs.
Synthesis and antiviral activity of 1-substituted 3-(3,5-dimethylbenzyl)uracil against HIV-1 (2004)

1,3-disubstituted uracils were obtained from uracil by the stepwise alkylation at N-1 and N-3 position with alkyl halide/alkali or alcohol under Mitsunobu conditions. The antiviral activity against HIV-1 of these compounds was examined to find that 1-cyanomethyl-3-(3,5-dimethylbenzyl)uracil and 1-phenyl-3-(3,5-dimethyl-benzyl)uracil showed powerful inhibition.
The MapCHECK Measurement Uncertainty function and its effect on planar dose pass rates (2016)

Our study aimed to quantify the effect of the Measurement Uncertainty function on planar dosimetry pass rates, as measured and analyzed with the Sun Nuclear Corporation MapCHECK 2 array and its associated software. This optional function is toggled in the program preferences of the software (though turned on by default upon installation), and automatically increases the dose difference tolerance defined by the user for each planar dose comparison. Dose planes from 109 static-gantry IMRT fields and 40 VMAT arcs, of varying modulation complexity, were measured at 5 cm water-equivalent depth in the MapCHECK 2 diode array, and respective calculated dose planes were exported from a commercial treatment planning system. Planar dose comparison pass rates were calculated within the Sun Nuclear Corporation analytic software using a number of calculation parameters, including Measurement Uncertainty on and off. By varying the percent difference (%Diff) criterion for similar analyses performed with Measurement Uncertainty turned off, an effective %Diff criterion was defined for each field/arc corresponding to the pass rate achieved with Measurement Uncertainty turned on. On average, the Measurement Uncertainty function increases the user-defined %Diff criterion by 0.8%-1.1% for 3%/3 mm analysis, depending on plan type and calculation technique (corresponding to an average change in pass rate of 1.0%-3.5%, and a maximum change of 8.7%). At the 2%/2 mm level, the Measurement Uncertainty function increases the user-defined %Diff criterion by 0.7%-1.2% on average, again depending on plan type and calculation technique (corresponding to an average change in pass rate of 3.5%-8.1%, and a maximum change of 14.2%). The largest increases in pass rate due to the Measurement Uncertainty function are generally seen with poorly matched planar dose comparisons, while the function has a notably smaller effect as pass rates approach 100%. The Measurement Uncertainty function, then, may substantially increase the pass rates for planar dose comparisons. Meanwhile, the types of uncertainties incorporated into the function (and their associated quantitative estimates, as described in the software user's manual) may not be an accurate estimation of actual measurement uncertainty, depending on the user's measurement conditions. Pass rates listed in published reports, comparisons between institutions or simply separate workstations, or comparisons with the calculation methods of other vendors, should clearly indicate whether or not the Measurement Uncertainty function is used, since it has the potential to substantially inflate pass rates for typical IMRT and VMAT dose planes.
Research on Synthesis and Performances of Phosphate-Based Polycarboxlyate Superplasticizer (2018)

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"Sewage" and "Sewerage" (1915)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In your effective educational work would it not be proper to clarify an alliterative entanglement? The two nouns "sewage" and "sewerage" offer difficulties to many, as does the impossible "preventative." Sewage flows within the sewerage; the former is the liquid, the sewerage being the system of pipes which carries it off. The only sewage system is the intestinal canal, but a sewerage system is always the mains, conduits and other pipes in the ground. Sewage disposal is any method of depositing or getting rid of the excreta, whether by privy, by the use of sewers or a sewage treatment plant. If the sewers are dug up out of the ground and thrown away, that would constitute sewerage disposal. Very frequently one sees the incorrect expressions "sewerage treatment" and "sewerage purification." Sewage is the liquid discharge—sewerage always the pipe, the connected sewers.
Improvement on frequency response characteristics of the ultra-thin piezoelectric acoustic actuators (2012)

This paper proposes a new method to improve the frequency response characteristics of the ultra-thin piezoelectric acoustic actuators. In order to improve the sound quality of the piezoelectric acoustic actuators, we simulated and analyzed the modal vibration characteristics of the piezoelectric acoustic actuator using the finite-element analysis (FEA) method and experimental studies. The ultra-thin piezoelectric acoustic actuator was fabricated by a volume of 23.5×17×0.8 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . The fabricated piezoelectric acoustic actuator had the significant dip and peak at 1.32 kHz and 2.24 kHz, respectively. The FEA simulation and laser scanning vibrometer (LSV) measurement results showed that the dip and peak correspond respectively to (1,3) and (3,1) resonant modes of the acoustic diaphragm. By attaching the elastic mass to the acoustic diaphragm, the resonant frequencies corresponded to (1,3) and (3,1) modes shifted to higher frequencies and the vibrational displacements at each mode were quite reduced by about 40 %. These result in a flat and smooth output sound pressure response of the piezoelectric acoustic actuator by improving the significant peak and dip. This paper presents that the optimized elastic masses can allow flat frequency response characteristics for the improved sound quality of the piezoelectric acoustic actuator.
RESPIRATORY EXCHANGE IN CHILDREN FOLLOWING ADMINISTRATION OF VARIOUS CARBOHYDRATES (1935)

A survey of the literature shows that little investigation on the effect of various carbohydrates on the respiratory quotient in children has been made and that there are few observations on the blood sugar curves obtained with these sugars. The object of the work reported in this paper was to find the relative influences of dextrose, fructose, sucrose, lactose, galactose and dextrimaltose on the respiratory quotient and on the curves for blood sugar and to determine the relation, if any, between them. The observations were carried out on a girl aged 11 years, who was under treatment for chronic syphilitic vaginitis. The culture obtained from material from the vagina was positive, but there was no discharge. She was afebrile, ambulatory and apparently healthy. <h3>METHOD OF STUDY</h3> For several days preceding the first test the patient was placed on a diet of known weight, which was maintained throughout the observations. Approximately
Maximum likelihood-based estimation of parameters in systems with binary subsystems (2013)

Consider a stochastic system of multiple subsystems, each subsystem having binary ("0 or 1") output. The full system may have general binary or non-binary (e.g., Gaussian) output. Such systems are widely encountered in practice, and include engineering systems for reliability, communications and sensor networks, the collection of patients in a clinical trial, and Internet-based control systems. This paper considers the identification of parameters for such systems for general structural relationships between the subsystems and the full system. Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is used to estimate the mean output for the full system and the "success" probabilities for the subsystems. The MLE approach is well suited to providing asymptotic or finite-sample confidence bounds through the use of Fisher information or bootstrap Monte Carlo-based sampling.