gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Brinell and Vickers Hardness Tests on Dental Casting Gold Alloys (1973)

The relationship between Vickers and Brinell hardness numbers of dental casting gold alloys was found to be linear; the addition of 19 to the Brinell number approximated the Vickers number fairly well. The coefficient of variation for the Brinell test was about 1 % less than that of the Vickers test. Effects of reading error, sample inhomogeneity, and other factors on the precision of the Vickers values were evaluated.
Detection of tumour antigens in sera of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma using monoclonal antibodies. (1990)

A total of 70 serum samples taken from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), acute viral hepatitis and cirrhosis and normal individuals were tested in a binding inhibition immunofluorescence assay using 5 mouse monoclonal antibodies (2G9, 3H11, 3H12, 1C7, 3H5) specific for hepatoma cells. Seven out of the 30 HCC sera (23.3%) inhibited the binding of one of these antibodies, 3H11. This detection of antigen 3H11 or antigens of similar structure in HCC sera was significantly more frequent than in control sera (1/40 = 2.5%) (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.009; df = 1, relative risk calculated by the odds ratio in a 2 x 2 table = 12.0). The presence of this antigen was unrelated to the hepatitis B surface antigen and alphafetoprotein status. Thus it would be of value particularly for the detection of hepatitis B negative or alphafetoprotein negative liver cancers.
CYP51 is an essential drug target for the treatment of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) (2017)

Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM) is caused by Naegleria fowleri, a free-living amoeba that occasionally infects humans. While considered "rare" (but likely underreported) the high mortality rate and lack of established success in treatment makes PAM a particularly devastating infection. In the absence of economic inducements to invest in development of anti-PAM drugs by the pharmaceutical industry, anti-PAM drug discovery largely relies on drug 'repurposing'-a cost effective strategy to apply known drugs for treatment of rare or neglected diseases. Similar to fungi, N. fowleri has an essential requirement for ergosterol, a building block of plasma and cell membranes. Disruption of sterol biosynthesis by small-molecule inhibitors is a validated interventional strategy against fungal pathogens of medical and agricultural importance. The N. fowleri genome encodes the sterol 14-demethylase (CYP51) target sharing ~35% sequence identity to fungal orthologues. The similarity of targets raises the possibility of repurposing anti-mycotic drugs and optimization of their usage for the treatment of PAM. In this work, we (i) systematically assessed the impact of anti-fungal azole drugs, known as conazoles, on sterol biosynthesis and viability of cultured N. fowleri trophozotes, (ii) identified the endogenous CYP51 substrate by mass spectrometry analysis of N. fowleri lipids, and (iii) analyzed the interactions between the recombinant CYP51 target and conazoles by UV-vis spectroscopy and x-ray crystallography. Collectively, the target-based and parasite-based data obtained in these studies validated CYP51 as a potentially 'druggable' target in N. fowleri, and conazole drugs as the candidates for assessment in the animal model of PAM.
Rough Surface Acoustic Scattering and Scattering of Acoustic Waves from Rough Surfaces. (1979)

Measurements have been made of sound scattered in the specular direction by fixed rough surfaces. The surfaces used were physical realizations of computer generated topographies which corresponded to Gaussian distributions in height to within specified limits. Measurements were made in water using 0.5-, 1.0-, and 2.25-MHz transducers. Transient pulse analysis techniques were used to provide information about the scattered pulse over a wide range of frequencies. Comparisons are made with several theoretical models including a multiple scattering model. The scattered field is also illustrated by means of schlieren visualization. (Author)
Liquid core optical fiber temperature sensors (2002)

An intensity-based, cost-effective liquid-core optical-fiber temperature sensor has been developed for the measurement of temperatures from 20 degrees C to 185 degrees C with a resolution better than +or-20 degrees C. The sensor is composed of a hollow-core optical fiber filled with a liquid of a known index of refraction which is slightly higher than that of the silica tube which acts as the cladding. The refractive-index fluid is chosen such that the variation of its refractive index with temperature is well defined and linear in the desired range of operation. As the temperature surrounding the liquid-core fiber increases, the index of the liquid decreases in a linear fashion until it reaches the refractive index of the cladding and the guided modes are no longer supported by the fiber. Calibration of the intensity changes with temperature yields a repeatable method to measure temperature. A simplified theoretical analysis of the decrease in transmitted signal intensity with increase in temperature has been performed, and it is shown that the obtained experimental results closely match the elementary theoretical analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
EARLY RESULTS OF A PILOT SURFACE EVALUATION OF A BARIATRIC THERAPY SUPPORT SURFACE* (2007)

Scientific and Clinical Abstracts From the 39th Annual Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Annual Conference, Salt Lake City, Utah, June 9–13, 2007: Research Abstracts: Wound—Dermatological Management/Issues
Adhésion sur les tissus biologiques (2016)

L’utilisation des adhesifs dans le domaine medical prend de plus en plus de place jusqu’a leur utilisation par le grand public pour refermer certaines plaies superficielles. Les adhesifs les plus courants pour applications medicales sont formules a partir d’hydrogel voire de silicone, prets a l’emploi, tres peu etant associes a une preparation particuliere avant application comme c’est le cas dans le domaine dentaire avec l’utilisation de la photo-polymerisation. Notre travail de recherche a consiste a formuler des adhesifs photo-polymerisables permettant un collage resistant sur les tissus biologiques internes et a comprendre les mecanismes permettant d’aboutir a un collage de bonne qualite en tenant compte des contraintes fortes liees a l’application visee : (i) milieu humide dans lequel sera dispose l’adhesif, (ii) nature viscoelastique des tissus biologiques et (iii) facilite de mise en œuvre. L’ensemble des experiences a ete mene sur un substrat considere comme « modele », le pericarde bovin, dont il a ete montre que les proprietes mecaniques sont similaires a celles du pericarde humain. Ce travail a demontre que l’adhesion sur un tissu interne est dependante de plusieurs parametres. Pour assurer un bon collage, il est necessaire que l’adhesif mouille le tissu biologique et penetre suffisamment pour assurer un bon ancrage mecanique. De ce fait, des formulations adhesives a base d’acrylates de faible viscosite ont ete realisees. Nous avons montre que l’energie d’adhesion developpee diminue lineairement avec la viscosite de l’adhesif avant photo-polymerisation. Ce resultat a mene a l’hypothese de la penetration de l’adhesif dans le pericarde, validee par plusieurs techniques. Nous avons ainsi demontre le lien entre une adhesion forte sur un tissu biologique, la viscosite initiale de la solution adhesive et sa capacite a penetrer le substrat.	L’ensemble de ce travail a mene a la comprehension des mecanismes induits par le depot d’un monomere sur un substrat vivant et a des hypotheses sur la polymerisation de la couche adhesive et son interaction avec le substrat. Des experiences in-vivo sur differents organes de souris et de lapins ont permis de montrer des resultats prometteurs qui ne demandent qu’a etre confirmes par une etude systematique a plus grande echelle. Enfin, une description phenomenologique est proposee au travers d’une equation simplifiee tenant compte de differents parametres essentiels pour decrire les mecanismes en jeu.
Multiwavelength Anomalous Diffraction of Sulfite Reductase Hemoprotein: Making the Most of MAD Data (1997)

The structure of the 60 kDa E. coli sulfite reductase hemoprotein (SiRHP) was determined by using multiwavelength anomalous diffraction (MAD) to exploit the relatively small anomalous signals produced near the Fe K absorption edge from the protein's native Fe(4)S(4) cluster and siroheme Fe atom. Because of systematic measurement error, generation of useful MAD data required rejection of outlying intensity observations that were only identified by careful manual scrutiny of the observed intensities and single parameter scaling among wedges of diffraction data. The key steps for obtaining effective phases were local anisotropic scaling between Bijvoet pairs and among wavelengths, extraction of phase information from unmerged observations, and refinement of the anomalous scattering model. Important factors for positioning the anomalous scattering model included removal of aberrant coefficients from Patterson syntheses, positional refinement of the Fe positions against MAD-derived normal-scattering amplitudes, and systematic searches of cluster orientation that attempted to optimize agreement between observed and calculated MAD intensities. To obtain MAD phases for reflections that were underdetermined for least-squares methods, parameters necessary for defining phase-probability distributions had to be estimated from the anomalous scattering model. The MAD phase distributions, when combined probabilistically with otherwise insufficient MIR phase information, led to the determination of the SiRHP structure. The techniques developed and lessons learned from the SiRHP MAD experiment should be applicable to the design of MAD experiments on other macromolecules.
Efficacy and safety of sunitinib in treating metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a single center 37 cases report (2011)

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sunitinib in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods A total of 37 patients with metastatic RCC were treated with between June 2008 and April 2010, including 28 males and 9 females. The median age was 52 (17-74) years. All patients received a pathologic diagnosis of RCC, which consisted of 1 papillary cell carcinoma and 36 clear cell carcinomas, 4 of which accompanied with partial sarcoma differentiation. Thirty cases were treated with first line therapy and 7 cases showed progression on first-line cytokine or sorafinib therapy. Sunitinib monotherapy was administered in repeated 6-week cycles of daily oral therapy for 4 weeks, followed by 2 weeks off in 34 patients, while another 3 patients received 37. 5 mg Qd continuously until disease progression or unacceptable toxicities occurred. Overall response rate and safety were evaluated. Results The median follow up was 12 months (8 cycles),range 1.5-19. 5 months (1-13 cycles). 26.5% (9/34) patients achieved partial responses, 70.6%(24/34) patients demonstrated stable disease over≥3 months and 1 (2. 9%) patient developed progressive disease. The objective response rate was 26.5%, and the disease control rate was 97. 1%.The 12 months' overall survival rate was 95.8% (23/24), and 12 months' progression-free survival rate was 62.5 % (15/24). The most common treatment-related adverse events were thrombocytopenia (30 cases, 81.1%), thyroid dysfunction (18/22, 81.8%) ,hand-foot syndrome (27 cases, 73.0%),neutropenia (23 cases, 62.2%) and hypertension (18 cases, 48.6%). The major grade 3 adverse events included thrombocytopenia (8 cases, 21.6%), hand-foot syndrome (4 cases, 10.8%) and diarrhea (2 cases, 5. 4%). Most adverse events were ameliorated by treatment interruption. Ten (27.0%) patients had dose decrement or drug discontinuation and 1 patient quit the treatment for intolerable fatigue. Conclusion The efficacy and manageable adverse event profile of sunitinib as a single agent in first- or second-line therapy for patients with metastatic RCC.

Key words: 
Carcinoma, renal cell;  Neoplasm metastasis;  Sunitinib;  Treatment outcome; Survival rate
Stereochemistry and mechanisms of electrophilic cleavage reactions of cis-[threo-PhCHDCHD)Mn(CO)4PEt3] (1978)

Cleavage reactions of the manganese–carbon bond of cis-[(threo-PhCHDCHD)Mn(CO)4(PEt3)](I) by halogens and mercury(II) halides proceed with both retention and inversion of configuration at the α-carbon atom, depending on the reagent used and the solvent conditions; the occurrence of competitive processes involving initial electrophilic attack at both the α-carbon and the metal atoms is inferred.
Reliability and Operating Experience of the LAMPF 805-MHz RF System (1976)

Over 850,000 hours have been accumulated on the klystrons and modulators that constitute the LAMPF 805-MHz rf system. The 1-1/4 MW klystrons, the floating-deck modulators and the modulator triodes are described. The operating data are summarized and the fault and failure modes are tabulated for the three major components of the system. The high-voltage processing and other maintenance required to keep this 86-kV system operating reliably are described. The tube failure rates, tube fault rates and modulator fault rates are presented. The mean time to failures is > 56,500 h for the klystrons and > 40,600 h for the modulator triodes. The steps taken to produce such good reliability are discussed.
Analysis of X-linked CAG repeats as candidate genes for schizophrenia (1996)

S: 1996 World Congress on Psychiatric Genetics: IV. (A) THE RELEVANCE OF UNSTABLE TRINUCLEOTIDE REPEATS: PDF Only
A performance comparison of dynamic Web technologies (2003)

Today, many Web sites dynamically generate responses "on the fly" when user requests are received. In this paper, we experimentally evaluate the impact of three different dynamic content technologies (Perl, PHP, and Java) on Web server performance. We quantify achievable performance first for static content serving, and then for dynamic content generation, considering cases both with and without database access. The results show that the overheads of dynamic content generation reduce the peak request rate supported by a Web server up to a factor of 8, depending on the workload characteristics and the technologies used. In general, our results show that Java server technologies typically outperform both Perl and PHP for dynamic content generation, though performance under overload conditions can be erratic for some implementations.
Localization of Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) Immunoreactive Neurons in the Forebrain of the Pig13 (1989)

The distribution of proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-immunoreactive neurons was examined in the forebrains of nine sexually mature female pigs by indirect biotin-avidin horseradish peroxidase immunocytochemistry. Primary antiserum against ovine beta-endorphin (Bioflex #BF-EP-3-1) yielded positive staining of neuronal perikarya and processes. Adjacent control sections treated either with primary antiserum preabsorbed with beta-endorphin or substituted with normal rabbit serum lacked specific staining. POMC-immunoreactive cells were located in the anterior and intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland. POMC-immunoreactive perikarya were located in the arcuate nucleus and periarcuate area. The pituitary stalk/median eminence contained sparsely distributed POMC-immunoreactive fibers, which were confined to the zona interna. POMC-immunoreactive fibers were located in the arcuate nucleus and extended rostrally from the arcuate nucleus into the telencephalon coursing adjacent to the wall of the third ventricle as well as through the anterior hypothalamus, suprachiasmatic, supraoptic nuclei and preoptic areas to the nucleus accumbens, diagonal band of Broca, olfactory tubercle, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the ventro-lateral aspect of the septum. Caudal projections extended along the wall of the third ventricle to the level of the mammillary bodies and also coursed dorsally, passing through the periventricular, paraventricular, and dorsal medial nuclei of the hypothalamus to the midline thalamic nuclei and habenular nucleus. Lateral projections extended from the arcuate nucleus along the dorsal aspect of the optic tract and terminated in the amygdaloid complex. The distribution of POMC-immunoreactive perikarya and fibers is similar to that of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) fiber network. Therefore the opportunities exist, anatomically, for interactions between the POMC and the LHRH systems.
General approach of the photothermoelectric technique for thermal characterization of solid thermoelectric materials (2017)

This work focuses on the photothermoelectric (PTE) technique allowing the thermal characterization of solid-state thermoelectric (TE) materials. Previously, this technique was restricted to TE materials having low electrical conductivities. Here, the PTE technique is extended and generalized to all solid-state TE materials with low or high electrical conductivities. This is achieved by taking into account the Gaussian shape of the thermal excitation source. The formalism of this new methodology is developed and the procedure for extracting thermal parameters is proposed. For illustration, two different TE materials are studied: with relatively high electrical conductivity (Bi2Te2.4Se0.6) and relatively low electrical conductivity (Bi2Ca2Co1.7O x ). The thermal properties of these two materials (thermal diffusivity, effusivity and conductivity) are found and compared to those obtained by the photothermal radiometry which is a well established technique. The good concordance between the results obtained by these two techniques demonstrates the relevance of the generalized PTE technique. One of the main advantages of this technique is its non use of an external sensor.
Chemoprevention of human actinic keratoses by topical 2-(difluoromethyl)-dl-ornithine. (2000)

Alpha-2-(Difluoromethyl)-dl-ornithine (DFMO), an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, has been shown to suppress skin carcinogenesis in murine models after oral or topical administration. We designed a randomized, placebo-controlled study using a topical hydrophilic ointment formulation with or without 10% (w/w) DFMO. Forty-eight participants with moderate-severe actinic keratoses (AKs) on their forearms (i.e., at least 10 well-circumscribed lesions on the lateral surface) completed a 1-month run-in on placebo ointment. Before randomization, all lateral forearm AKs were circled, counted, photographed, and skin biopsies were obtained for DFMO and polyamine levels. Then participants were randomized to receive DFMO ointment on the right versus the left forearm and placebo hydrophilic ointment on the contralateral forearm twice daily for 6 months. DFMO was not detected in the blood of any subject, and there were no systemic toxicities. None of a subsample of 17 placebo forearms had measurable concentrations of DFMO, whereas 13 of the corresponding DFMO-treated forearms had high DFMO skin levels. As compared with placebo, the 6-month DFMO treatment caused a 23.5% reduction in the number of AKs (P = 0.001) as well as significant suppression of AK biopsy spermidine levels (26%; P = 0.04). Seven of the 48 (14.6%) participants experienced severe (2; 4.2%) or moderate (5; 10.4%) inflammatory reactions on their DFMO-treated arms which required dosing modification. Topical DFMO for 6 months can reduce the number of AK lesions and skin spermidine concentrations in high-risk participants and deserves additional study as a skin cancer chemopreventive agent.
Canine myocardial reperfusion injury: protection by a free radical scavenger, N-2-mercaptopropionyl glycine. (1986)

Oxygen-derived free radicals and their metabolites may contribute to the extension of irreversible cellular injury, which occurs on reperfusion of the previously ischemic myocardium. Therefore, therapy directed against the toxic effects of reactive oxygen species may provide protection to the ischemic myocardium, which undergoes subsequent reperfusion. We evaluated the effectiveness of N-2-mercaptopropionyl glycine (MPG), a free radical scavenger, to limit the extent of irreversible injury resulting from 90 min of ischemia followed by 6 h of reperfusion in a canine model of myocardial infarction. In three groups of dogs, MPG (20 mg/kg) was administered as a constant infusion into the left atrium. Group I received MPG for 2 h, starting 15 min before occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery and ending 15 min after reperfusion. Group II received MPG for 1 h, starting 15 min before reperfusion. Group III received MPG for 1 h beginning 45 min after reperfusion. Each group was compared with its respective saline control group. Infarct size was reduced by 35% in Group I (32.2 +/- 5.1% vs. 47.7 +/- 3.4% of the area at risk, p less than 0.05) and Group II (31.4 +/- 3.6% vs. 47.5 +/- 5.1% of the area at risk, p less than 0.025) in comparison with the saline treated control animals. In contrast, in Group III infarct size did not differ significantly from the saline-treated control group (45.9 +/- 3.3% vs. 47.7 +/- 3.5% of the area at risk). The percent of left ventricle at risk did not differ among the groups. The beneficial effects of MPG could not be explained on the basis of hemodynamic differences. In addition, MPG did not influence regional myocardial blood flow. In vitro studies indicated that MPG effectively scavanges O2- generated by the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase reaction, as well as by PMA-activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Based on these observations, we propose that MPG exerts its beneficial effects by protecting against free radical-mediated damage during the early phase of reperfusion.
Performance of Subjects Fit With the Advanced Bionics CII and Nucleus 3G Cochlear Implant Devices (2004)

We have identified tasks on which there are between-group differences in performance for subjects matched on CNC word scores in quiet. We suspect that the differences in performance are due to differences in signal processing. Our next goal is to uncover the signal processing attributes of the speech processors that are responsible for the differences in performance.
Plasmonic nanotweezers based on Au bowtie nanoantenna arrays for manipulation of nano-to-macroscopic objects (2013)

Plasmonic optical traps, or plasmonic “nanotweezers”, have emerged as an attractive alternative for optical manipulation because they circumvent the diffraction limit, producing highly confined and enhanced fields that both relax constraints for microparticle manipulation and offer a route for improving nanoparticle trapping. Here, we present an overview of the use of Au bowtie nanoantenna arrays (BNAs) for plasmonic nanotweezers. We show that optical absorption by the BNAs creates convection currents that resemble a Rayleigh-B´enard pattern and that an absorptive substrate, e.g. Indium-Tin-Oxide, is crucial to achieve large convection velocities. Furthermore, we demonstrate phase-like behavior of trapped particles and that the adhesion layer material and nanostructure orientation strongly affect trapping behavior. In addition, we discuss the use of a femtosecond- pulsed source in plasmonic nanotweezers and demonstrate that the fs pulses (1) augment the near-field optical forces compared to comparable, continuous-wave nanotweezers, and (2) increase the diagnostic capabilities of plasmonic nanotweezers by providing access to the nonlinear optical response of trapped species. Finally, we show for the first time that plasmonic nanoantennas are an effective tool for manipulation objects up to at least 50 μm in diameter. Using low-numerical aperture illumination (0.25-0.6 NA), we show that manipulation of these “macroscopic” objects is facilitated by increasing the number of illuminated nanostructures participating in the trapping event. These results open up a new avenue for the usage of plasmonic nanotweezers and may have applications for manipulating Eukaryotic cells, studying self-organization/aggregation of cells, and micro-scale manufacturing.