gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synchronization and time shifts of dynamical patterns for mutually delay-coupled fiber ring lasers (2006)

A pair of coupled erbium doped fiber ring lasers is used to explore the dynamics of coupled spatiotemporal systems. The lasers are mutually coupled with a coupling delay less than the cavity round-trip time. We study synchronization between the two lasers in the experiment and in a delay differential equation model of the system. Because the lasers are internally perturbed by spontaneous emission, we include a noise source in the model to obtain stochastic realizations of the deterministic equations. Both amplitude synchronization and phase synchronization are considered. We use the Hilbert transform to define the phase variable and compute phase synchronization. We find that synchronization increases with coupling strength in the experiment and the model. When the time series from two lasers are time shifted in either direction by the delay time, approximately equal synchronization is frequently observed, so that a clear leader and follower cannot be identified. We define an algorithm to determine which laser leads the other when the synchronization is sufficiently different with one direction of time shift, and statistics of switches in leader and follower are studied. The frequency of switching between leader and follower increases with coupling strength, as might be expected since the lasers mutually influence each other more effectively with stronger coupling.
Generation and Characterization of a Cell Line with Inducible Expression of Ca <sub>v</sub> 3.2 (T-Type) Channels (2003)

Establishment of stable cell lines that constitutively express Ca(2+) channels at high density and that are useful for in vitro studies may be complicated by problems with seal quality and duration during whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology. The current studies describe the generation and characterization of cells that express the human alpha1H T-type Ca(2+) channel under the control of a tetracycline-inducible expression system. Western blot and immunostaining studies revealed that expression of the alpha1H protein occurred only in the presence of tetracycline. Using the whole-cell patch-clamp method, the cells displayed peak inward currents of 1.15 +/- 0.14 nA in response to voltage-clamp steps. The T-type Ca(2+) current was inhibited by the T-type Ca(2+) channel antagonist, mibefradil, with an IC(50) of 160 nM. This cell line, with inducible channel expression, sealed with longer duration during whole-cell patch-clamp recording when compared with a cell line that constitutively expresses the alpha1H Ca(2+) channel. Ca(2+) influx through this channel could also be detected after the addition of extracellular Ca(2+). The amount of Ca(2+) influx was dependent on the [Ca](o) with an EC(50) of 4 mM. The Ca(2+) influx was also inhibited by mibefradil with a potency (IC(50) = 183 nM) similar to that observed in the voltage-clamp studies. Overall, this inducible alpha1H Ca(2+) channel-expressing cell line is useful for the study of human T-type Ca(2+) channel function, and offers advantages over a similar cell line that constitutively expresses the channel.
A synthesis of 3-substituted pyrroles through the halogen-metal exchange reaction of 3-bromo-1-(triisopropylsilyl)pyrrole (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA synthesis of 3-substituted pyrroles through the halogen-metal exchange reaction of 3-bromo-1-(triisopropylsilyl)pyrroleAlan P. Kozikowski and Xue Min ChengCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 17, 3239–3240Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00191a047https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00191a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views918Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Stereospecific double rearrangement of trans-3,4-dimethyl-cis,trans-cycloocta-1,5-diene to cis-3,4-dimethyl-cis,cis-cycloocta-1,5-diene (1972)

The chemistry of the highly strained cis,trans-cyclo-octa-\n1,5-diene ring system* (1) is largely unexplored.\nBecause there is a possibility that the corresponding\n3,4-dimethyl derivatives 2 and 3 may be involved in the\nthermal nonboat, “crossover” rearrangement of cis-\n1,2-cis,trans- and cis- 1,2-cis,cis-dipropenylcyclobutanes\n(cCT and cCC, respectively),3 we have carried out a\nstudy of the pyrolysis of trans-3,4-dimethyl-cis,trans-\ncyclo-octa- 1,5-diene (3). The present paper reports a\nnew thermal rearrangement of this compound.
Non-founder mutations in the MEFV gene establish this gene as the cause of familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) (1998)

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by recurring attacks of fever and serositis. It affects primarily North African Jews, Armenians, Turks and Arabs, in which a founder effect has been demonstrated. The marenostrin-pyrin-encoding gene has been proposed as a candidate gene for the disease ( MEFV ), on the basis of the identification of putative mutations clustered in exon 10 (M680V, M694I, M694V and V726A), each segregating with one ancestral haplotype. In a search for additional MEFV mutations in 120 apparently non-founder FMF chromosomes, we observed eight novel mutations in exon 2 (E148Q, E167D and T267I), exon 5 (F479L) and exon 10 (I692del K695R, A744S and R761H). Except for E148Q and K695R, all mutations were found in a single chromosome. Mutation E148Q was found in all ethnic groups studied and in association with a novel ancestral haplotype in non-Ashkenazi Jews (S2). Altogether, these new findings definitively establish the marenostrin/pyrin-encoding gene as the MEFV locus.
A novel CMOS SOI unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer: from design and simulations to fabrication and characterization (2002)

This paper reports on a novel, simple yet reliable, unbalanced SOI Mach-Zehnder (M-Z) interferometer architecture based on 1.2 /spl mu/m CMOS process and adapted post-processing for the waveguide sidewalls. The fabricated electro-optical device is based on multiple PIN diode bars integrated on top of a SOI silicon waveguide and can be operated either at: (I) high-frequency (few MHz) based on the plasma dispersion effect and (II) low frequency (<1 MHz) based on the thermo-optic effect. The device main characteristics and figures of merit are presented and discussed.
Airway management in head and neck cancer patients undergoing microvascular free tissue transfer: delayed extubation as an alternative to routine tracheotomy (2014)

With appropriate postoperative care, carefully selected patients undergoing major HNC resections with MFTT can be safely managed without routine tracheotomy.
A Simple Functional Representation of Angular-Dependent Hydrogen-Bonded Systems. 1. Amide, Carboxylic Acid, and Amide-Carboxylic Acid Pairs (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Simple Functional Representation of Angular-Dependent Hydrogen-Bonded Systems. 1. Amide, Carboxylic Acid, and Amide-Carboxylic Acid PairsKyoung Tai No, Oh Young Kwon, Su Yeon Kim, Mu Shik Jhon, and Harold A. ScheragaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 11, 3478–3486Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100011a013https://doi.org/10.1021/j100011a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views180Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Eukaryotic Cell Uptake of Heparin-Coated Microspheres: a Model of Host Cell Invasion by <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> (2000)

Using polystyrene microspheres coated with heparin or heparan sulfate, it was shown that coated microspheres specifically bound eukaryotic cells and were endocytosed by nonprofessional phagocytic cells. Coated microspheres displayed properties of binding to eukaryotic cells that were similar to those of chlamydiae, and the microspheres were competitively inhibited by chlamydial organisms. Endocytosis of heparin-coated beads resulted in the tyrosine phosphorylation of a similar set of host proteins as did endocytosis of chlamydiae; however, unlike viable chlamydial organisms, which prevent phagolysosomal fusion, endocytosed beads were trafficked to a lysosomal compartment. These findings suggest that heparin-coated beads and Chlamydia trachomatis enter eukaryotic cells by similar pathways.
LDL Hemoperfusion‐A New Procedure for LDL Apheresis: Biocompatibility Results from a First Pilot Study in Hypercholesterolemic Atherosclerosis Patients (1997)

Current lipid apheresis techniques can remove atherogenic lipoproteins only from plasma. The initial mandatory separation of plasma and blood cells renders the extracorporeal circuit complex. We recently described the first clinical application of a new lipid adsorber that adsorbs low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and lipoprotein (a) (Lp[a]) directly from whole blood. In continuation of our work, this paper describes the clinical biocompatibility of this new LDL hemoperfusion system. In a 2 center phase II clinical trial, 12 hypercholesterolemic patients suffering from overt coronary or peripheral artery disease were treated once with LDL hemoperfusion. The new LDL adsorber (DALI, Fresenius, St. Wendel, Germany) contained 480 ml of polyacrylate coated polyacrylamide gel. The anticoagulation protocol consisted of an initial heparin bolus followed by an acid citrate dextrose-A (ACD-A) infusion during the treatment. One patient blood volume was treated per session. All sessions were clinically uneventful. No signs of hemolysis or extracorporeal clot formation could be detected, and cell counts remained virtually constant. In a subgroup of patients (n = 4-6), further biocompatibility parameters were studied. Activation of leukocytes (elastase release), thrombocytes (beta-thromboglobulin [beta-TG] extrusion), and monocytes (interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6) were minimal. Complement activation (C3a and C5a generation) was negligible. The chosen anticoagulation protocol was both safe (constant ionized calcium levels) and effective (low thrombin-antithrombin formation). In summary, within the scope of a first pilot study, this new LDL hemoperfusion procedure combined the features of excellent clinical tolerance, good biocompatibility, and ease of handling. Phase III clinical trials will have to show whether these encouraging preliminary results can be corroborated in a larger patient population.
Synthesis of O-aryl phosphonochloridothionates (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of O-aryl phosphonochloridothionatesPeter E. Newallis, John P. Chupp, and Hans L. NuferCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1970, 15, 3, 455–457Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60046a030https://doi.org/10.1021/je60046a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views24Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Natural Uranium Equivalent (NUE) Fuel: Full Core Use of Recycled Uranium and Depleted Uranium in CANDU Reactors (2013)

Since 2008 Candu Energy and the CANDU® utility in China (CNNC TQNPC) partnered to convert the Qinshan CANDU reactors to use recycled and depleted uranium based fuels, a first-of-its-kind. A fuel composed of both components and simulating natural uranium behaviour was developed, designed, manufactured and verification tested in the Qinshan units with success. This paper discusses the full core implementation and licensing work that will culminate with the conversion of Qinshan CANDU units to Natural Uranium Equivalent (NUE) fuel use by early 2014.
Agent-based model selection framework for complex adaptive systems (2006)

Human-initiated land-use and land-cover change is the most significant single factor behind global climate change. Since climate change affects human, animal and plant populations alike, and the effects are potentially disastrous and irreversible, it is equally important to understand the reasons behind land-use decisions as it is to understand their consequences. Empirical observations and controlled experimentation are not usually feasible methods for studying this change. Therefore, scientists have resorted to computer modeling, and use other complementary approaches, such as household surveys and field experiments, to add depth to their models. 
The computer models are not only used in the design and evaluation of environmental programs and policies, but they can be used to educate land-owners about sustainable land management practices. Therefore, it is critical which model the decision maker trusts. Computer models can generate seemingly plausible outcomes even if the generating mechanism is quite arbitrary. On the other hand, with excess complexity the model may become incomprehensible, and proper tweaking of the parameter values may make it produce any results the decision maker would like to see. The lack of adequate tools has made it difficult to compare and choose between alternative models of land-use and land-cover change on a fair basis. Especially if the candidate models do not share a single dimension, e.g., a functional form, a criterion for selecting an appropriate model, other than its face value, i.e., how well the model behavior confirms to the decision maker's ideals, may be hard to find. Due to the nature of the class of models, existing model selection methods are not applicable either. 
In this dissertation I propose a pragmatic method, based on algorithmic coding theory, for selecting among alternative models of land-use and land-cover change. I demonstrate the method's adequacy using both artificial and real land-cover data in multiple experimental conditions with varying error functions and initial conditions.
Positive-dispersion cavity-dumped Ti: sapphire laser oscillator and its application to white light generation (2006)

We demonstrate for the first time that up to 0.45 microJ pulses can be obtained from a cavity-dumped Ti: sapphire oscillator stably operating in the positive dispersion regime. The output pulse can be compressed to 60 fs and used to generate a white light continuum through self-filamentation in a thin sapphire plate.
The Effect of Pre-Polymeric Solution and Subsequent Encapsulation in Hydrogel Membranes on the Stability and Biological Activity of Horse Myoglobins (2007)

Proteins are biological macromolecules which have a unique spatial conformation. Once this 3D spatial conformation is affected the protein's biological stability and activity can be severely limited. For these reasons, this investigation focuses on the effects of pre-polymeric solution components on the behavior of proteins to be encapsulated by the entrapment technique in anionic, cationic, and neutral hydrogel membranes. Equine skeletal muscle myoglobin (MMb), and equine heart myoglobin (HMb) were employed as model molecules. Three hydrogel morphologies were examined: methacrylic acid-poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (n=1000) (MAA-PEGDMA1000), dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate-poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (n=1000) (DMAEM-PEGDMA1000), and poly(ethylene glycol) (200) monomethyl ether methacrylate-poly(ethylene glycol) di-methacrylate (n=1000) (PEGDMA200-PEGDMA1000). Stability of the proteins in the pre-polymeric solution was assessed by UV-vis spectroscopy and the optimized morphologies were synthesized and the biological activity of both heme-proteins was assessed by oxidation-reduction reactions of the heme group. It was observed that while there was no displacement of the Soret bands of the proteins in the pre-polymeric solution, significant blue shifts were observed for the encapsulated proteins. Subsequent oxidation-reduction of the proteins caused shifts of the Soret bands as would be expected. However, the displaced peaks were not at their anticipated wavelengths. Other analyses will be performed on the membranes to better comprehend these results.
Contact sensitizers decrease 33D1 expression on mature Langerhans cells. (1999)

Langerhans cells play a critical role in allergic contact hypersensitivity. In vivo, these cells capture xenobiotics that penetrate the skin and transport them through the lymphatic vessels into regional lymph nodes for presentation to T cells. During this migration step, Langerhans cells become mature dendritic cells according to their phenotype and their high immunostimulatory capacity. In vitro, when isolated from the skin and cultured for 3 days, Langerhans cells undergo similar phenotypic and functional maturation. In this study, the capacity of sensitizers, irritants and neutral chemicals to modulate the surface marker expression and morphology of pure mature murine Langerhans cells in vitro was examined. Contact with 4 sensitizers (2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfate, 4-ethoxymethylene-2-phenyl-2-oxazolin-5-one, p-phenylenediamine, mercaptobenzo-thiazole) resulted in a rapid, specific, marked fall in 33D1 expression, a murine specific dendritic cell marker. No effect was observed with 2 neutral chemicals (sodium chloride, methyl nicotinate) or 2 irritants (dimethyl sulfoxide, benzalkonium chloride). Nevertheless, sodium lauryl sulfate, a very irritant detergent, altered morphology and down-regulated all membrane markers. These preliminary data suggest that in vitro modulation of 33D1 expression by strong sensitizers may be an approach to the development of an in vitro model for the identification of chemicals that have the potential to cause skin sensitization and to distinguish them as far as possible from irritants.
Parametric Excitation of a Nonlinear System (1965)

A study has been made on the parametric excitation of a nonlinear system with hardening springs. In the parametric excitation of linear systems, the only subharmonic predicted is a subharmonic of order 1/2. However, in the parametric excitation of non-linear systems, it is shown that higher order subharmonics can exist, depending both on the amplitude and frequency of the parametric excitation.
λ≊1.5 μm InGaAsP ridge lasers grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy (1984)

Separate confinement heterostructure wafers grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy have been used to prepare ridge waveguide lasers operating up to 50 °C. Laser threshold currents varied from 45 to 65 mA at room temperature and output powers up to 9 mW have been obtained with the external quantum efficiency of ∼36%. Gain profile measurements indicate excellent material uniformity. Frequency response flat to at least 2 GHz is consistent with the material free of interfacial traps or any capacitive shunt paths.
A work-based window method for calculating in-use brake-specific oxides of nitrogen emissions of heavy -duty diesel engines (2006)

Heavy-duty diesel engines (HDDEs) are currently certified in an engine dynamometer test cell over defined test cycles, such as the Federal Test Procedure (FTP) or the Supplemental Emissions Test (SET). In addition to certification testing, those HDDEs are subjected to in-use testing where gaseous emissions levels are not to exceed 125% of the certification level plus an additional 0.5 g/bhp-hr for instrument and analyzer inaccuracies. These HDDEs are required to meet these limits in the Not-To-Exceed (NTE) zone, which is defined by 40 CFR §86.1370-2007. In this method, emissions are calculated when an engine is operating in the NTE zone for a continuous time period of at least 30 seconds in length.;A work window based method has been developed to calculate in-use emissions for all engine speeds and engine loads. At each data point in an in-use test, engine speed and engine torque are read from the engine's electronic control unit, and along with time, are used to determine instantaneous engine power. Instantaneous work is calculated using this power and the time differential in the data collection. Work is then summed until the desired amount of work is accumulated. The emissions levels are then calculated for that window of work. It was determined that a work window equal to the theoretical FTP cycle work best provides a means of comparison to the FTP certification standard. Also, a failure criterion has been established based on the amount of power in the work window to determine if a particular work window is legitimate.;Data from engines ranging in model year from 1996 to 2003 of 31 different test vehicles were evaluated for over 180 in-use tests. These engines had displacements from approximately 6 L to 12 L with power ratings from roughly 300 hp to 500 hp. The main focus of the study was on brake-specific oxides of nitrogen (NOX) emissions from these engines. For 84% of all tests, the maximum work window bsNOX results were below the maximum bsNOX values calculated using the 30 second window NTE approach. The repeatability of in-use tests based on individual engine, test route, and engine certification family was examined by comparing averages and standard deviations of the results. Technology comparisons showed that for identical displacements and ratings, 2003 engines produced average ranges of 17% to 47% less NOX than 2001 engines. Highway test routes caused engines built prior to 2001 to emit 26% higher bsNOX values