gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
(Invited) Investigation of Early Degradation Processes at Coated Metals by AC-Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (2012)

Alternating-current scanning electrochemical microscopy (AC-SECM) is employed to characterize the early stages of the degradation reactions occurring in metal-coating systems upon exposure to an aqueous environment. The spatial resolution of the technique results from the measurement of changes in the resistance of the thin electrolyte layer comprised between the tip and the surface of the coating due to variations in the tip-substrate distance. Resistance measurements are conducted at various frequencies of the AC perturbation signal effectively allowing topographic changes to be monitored as a function of time. Furthermore, AC-SECM can be used to determine the tip-substrate distance without the addition of redox mediators to the electrolyte, which might affect the chemical properties of the system. In this way, the effect of chloride ions from the aqueous phase to induce either the heterogeneous absorption of water by the coating, or its accumulation at the metal-substrate interface, has been imaged.
Comparative Performance of Two Whole Genome Capture Methodologies on Ancient DNA Illumina Libraries (2014)

Abstract The application of whole genome capture (WGC) methods to ancient DNA (aDNA) promises to increase the efficiency of ancient genome sequencing. We compared the performance of two recently developed WGC methods in enriching human aDNA within Illumina libraries built using both double-stranded (DSL) and single-stranded (SSL) build protocols. Although both methods effectively enriched aDNA, one consistently produced marginally better results, giving us the opportunity to further explore the parameters influencing WGC experiments. Our results suggest that bait length has an important influence on library enrichment. Moreover, we show that WGC biases against the shorter molecules that are enriched in SSL preparation protocols. Therefore application of WGC to such samples is not recommended without future optimization. Lastly, we document the effect of WGC on other features including clonality, GC composition and repetitive DNA content of captured libraries. Our findings provide insights for researchers planning to perform WGC on aDNA, and suggest future tests and optimization to improve WGC efficiency.
Evaluation of element/electrode joining by thermographic NDT method (2002)

Joining of semiconductor element and metal electrode is very important part in thermoelectric module; since both electrical and thermal current pass through them, such defects as flaws and pores lurking in element/electrode joining has serious effect on performance of the thermoelectric module. Then we have developed a nondestructive testing (NDT) method to evaluate the element/electrode joining. A current was applied to conventional-type thermoelectric module and temperature change of the defects has been observed on the substrates; not only the Joule heating but the Peltier heating/cooling by electrical current has been thought to play an important role of this method. With this method, one can get the size of defects as well as the location of them, which was unable to detect by conventional electrical resistance measurement. Therefore, this technique is applicable to developing the element/electrode joining of the thermoelectric module as well as for the final products testing.
Manipulating bubbles with secondary Bjerknes forces (2015)

Gas bubbles in a sound field are submitted to a radiative force, known as the secondary Bjerknes force. We propose an original experimental setup that allows us to investigate in detail this force between two bubbles, as a function of the sonication frequency, as well as the bubbles radii and distance. We report the observation of both attractive and, more interestingly, repulsive Bjerknes force, when the two bubbles are driven in antiphase. Our experiments show the importance of taking multiple scatterings into account, which leads to a strong acoustic coupling of the bubbles when their radii are similar. Our setup demonstrates the accuracy of secondary Bjerknes forces for attracting or repealing a bubble, and could lead to new acoustic tools for noncontact manipulation in microfluidic devices.
Music Therapy for Premature Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: An Overview of the Earliest Interventions (2010)

Preview this article: Music Therapy for Premature Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: An Overview of the Earliest Interventions, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/per/5/1/IJMEC_0161_1-1.gif
Royalty Cost Based Optimization for Video Compression (2007)

A video compression standard incorporates many tools and technologies which must be licensed by systems that deploy the standard. The licensing determines the royalty costs that must be paid to the holders of intellectual property on the respective tools. With current abundance of well understood and effective video compression tools, one can imagine the formation of cross cutting tool libraries with tools drawn from different video compression standards. This allows dynamic selection from a large pool of tools, having potentially overlapping functionality, when encoding individual video sequences. In this paper we examine the royalty cost aspect of the scenario where video is encoded using a library of royalty bearing tools by considering encoding that jointly optimizes rate, distortion, and royalty cost. We provide a system that optimizes video delivery under various licensing conditions imposed on tool intellectual property. We present an example of royalty based encoding (using assumed royalty costs) to show the merit of the proposed framework.
Throughput enhancement for optical symbolic substitution computing systems (1990)

It is shown that by taking advantage of the superposition property of optical signals, one can further improve the performance of optical symbolic substitution processors.
Some reactions of 2-phenylbornane derivatives (1971)

The reactions of 2-phenylborn-2-ene (1) with m-chloroperbenzoic acid, diborane, hypobromous acid, and alkaline potassium permanganate are described.
<title>Polarization recovery system based on light pipes</title> (2002)

With the availability of small arc size high intensity discharge lamps a new polarization recovery system using polarization recycling in a light pipe is made possible. Combining light integration/homogenization with polarization recovery in an integrator rod leads to cost reduction and smaller light engines. The polarization recovery light pipe utilizes a reflective polarizer that works at normal incidence at its exit face and a high-reflective mirror with a transparent circular aperture at the entrance face. The reflected linearly polarized light is recycled by rotating its polarization by 90 degree(s) during one round-trip in the integrator rod. Different possibilities for achieving this polarization rotation, including retarders and phase control coatings are investigated. As much as 70% of the rejected polarized light can be recaptured with this system.
Neuromyelitis optica lesions may inform multiple sclerosis heterogeneity debate (2012)

Early active demyelinating NMO lesions may show complement within macrophages and oligodendrocyte apoptosis associated with a selective loss of minor myelin proteins, in addition to typical NMO features. We hypothesize these findings occur simultaneously only in a subset of active demyelinating NMO lesions. These observations plausibly explain the findings of Barnett and Prineas and further support the concept of interindividual heterogeneity in MS.
Effect of taurine and gold nanoparticles on the morphological and molecular characteristics of muscle development during chicken embryogenesis (2011)

The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the effects of taurine and Au nanoparticles on the expression of genes related to embryonic muscle development and on the morphological characteristics of muscles. Fertilised chicken eggs (n = 160) were randomly divided into four groups: without injection (Control) and with injection of Au nanoparticles (NanoAu), taurine (Tau) or Au nanoparticles with taurine (NanoAu + Tau). The experimental solutions were given in ovo, on the third day of incubation, by injecting 0.3 ml of the experimental solution into the air sack. The embryos were evaluated on the 20th day of incubation. The methods included gene expression at the mRNA and protein levels, immunohistochemistry, histology and microscopy. In groups NanoAu, Tau and NanoAu + Tau, the muscle structure and the number of muscle cells were affected. Furthermore, taurine increased fibre diameter, the total number of nuclei, the proportion of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells and the total cell number. Also, gene expression of basic fibroblast growth factor-2 and PCNA was downregulated. There were no significant interactions between NanoAu and taurine, indicating that NanoAu did not enhance the effects of taurine. It may be concluded that 20 days after injection, NanoAu affected some parameters of muscle development, but the most profound effects were those of taurine.
Prediction of Physicochemical Properties of Energetic Materials via EPI Suite (2010)

In order to maintain environmental compliance and mission readiness for the U.S. Army industrial base, it is necessary to assess the environmental impacts of munitions compounds. Informed decisions on the development of waste treatment technologies can be made by a close examination of the physical properties of munitions compounds. Information on the physical properties will help predict the environmental fate of these materials and make it possible to select appropriate methods of prevention and treatment of hazardous effects on the environment.
High-Quality Draft Genome Sequences of Pantoea agglomerans Isolates Exhibiting Antagonistic Interactions with Wheat Seed-Associated Fungi (2016)

Pantoea agglomerans isolates 3 and 4 were retrieved from the bacterial community associated with wheat seeds. These isolates differ in their pattern of growth antagonism toward Alternaria species. A comparison of the genome sequences of these two isolates revealed a high sequence identity with previously sequenced strains of P. agglomerans.
Catalysis by Manganic Ion of the Reaction of Bromine and Oxalic Acid. Stability of Manganic Ion Complexes (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalysis by Manganic Ion of the Reaction of Bromine and Oxalic Acid. Stability of Manganic Ion ComplexesHenry TaubeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 11, 3928–3935Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01191a120https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01191a120research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views175Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Natural Actor - Critic Algorithms (2009)

We present four new reinforcement learning algorithms based on actor–critic, function approximation, and natural gradient ideas, and we provide their convergence proofs. Actor–critic reinforcement learning methods are online approximations to policy iteration in which the valuefunction parameters are estimated using temporal difference learning and the policy parameters are updated by stochastic gradient descent. Methods based on policy gradients in this way are of special interest because of their compatibility with function approximation methods, which are needed to handle large or infinite state spaces. The use of temporal difference learning in this way is of special interest because in many applications it dramatically reduces the variance of the gradient estimates. The use of the natural gradient is of interest because it can produce better conditioned parameterizations and has been shown to further reduce variance in some cases. Our results extend prior two-timescale convergence results for actor–critic methods by Konda and Tsitsiklis by using temporal difference learning in the actor and by incorporating natural gradients. Our results extend prior empirical studies of natural actor–critic methods by Peters, Vijayakumar and Schaal by providing the first convergence proofs and the first fully incremental algorithms. We present empirical results verifying the convergence of our algorithms.
Observation of quasi two-dimensional nematic order in a system of rigid rods (1994)

Phospholipid tubules were suspended on the surface of an aqueous solution. At low density, a rarefied nematic phase with weak orientational order was observed. At high density the tubules phase separated into a well ordered high density phase and an isotropic phase with virtually no tubules present. Results are compared to theories for two-dimensional ordering of hard rods.
Increased levels of γ‐glutamylamines in Huntington disease CSF (2008)

Transglutaminases (TGases) catalyze several reactions with protein substrates, including formation of gamma-glutamyl-epsilon-lysine cross-links and gamma-glutamylpolyamine residues. The resulting gamma-glutamylamines are excised intact during proteolysis. TGase activity is altered in several diseases, highlighting the importance of in situ enzymatic determinations. Previous work showed that TGase activity (as measured by an in vitro assay) and free gamma-glutamyl-epsilon-lysine levels are elevated in Huntington disease (HD) and that gamma-glutamyl-epsilon-lysine is increased in HD CSF. Although free gamma-glutamyl-epsilon-lysine was used in these studies as an index of in situ TGase activity, gamma-glutamylpolyamines may also be diagnostic. We have devised methods for the simultaneous determination of four gamma-glutamylamines in CSF: gamma-glutamyl-epsilon-lysine, gamma-glutamylspermidine, gamma-glutamylputrescine, and bis-gamma-glutamylputrescine and showed that all are present in normal human CSF at concentrations of approximately 150, 670, 40, and 240 nM, respectively. The high gamma-glutamylspermidine/gamma-glutamylputrescine and gamma-glutamylspermidine/bis-gamma-glutamylputrescine ratios presumably reflect in part the large spermidine to putrescine mole ratio in human brain. We also showed that all four gamma-glutamylamines are elevated in HD CSF. Our findings support the hypotheses that (i) gamma-glutamylpolyamines are reflective of TGase activity in human brain, (ii) polyamination is an important post-translational modification of brain proteins, and (iii) TGase-catalyzed modification of proteins is increased in HD brain.
Preparation and Properties of Vanadium Dioxide Films (1968)

Phase equilibria of the vanadium‐oxygen system have been restudied in the composition range in order to establish the conditions required for stable existence of the phase. Using this knowledge, it was possible to prepare films of exhibiting transition in conductivity between semiconducting and metallic states. Films of were first prepared by vapor deposition of vanadyl trichloride at temperatures below 127°C in 1 atm of . Reduction of these to was accomplished by heating in controlled atmospheres of appropriate partial oxygen pressure at temperatures between 500° and 550°C. The resulting thin film (0.1–1.0µ) exhibited a sharp drop (greater than two orders of magnitude) in resistance at the expected transition temperature, 67 °C.
N-desmethylclozapine, an allosteric agonist at muscarinic 1 receptor, potentiates N-methyl- <scp>d</scp> -aspartate receptor activity (2003)

The molecular and neuronal substrates conferring on clozapine its unique and superior efficacy in the treatment of schizophrenia remain elusive. The interaction of clozapine with many G protein-coupled receptors is well documented but less is known about its biologically active metabolite, N-desmethylclozapine. Recent clinical and preclinical evidences of the antipsychotic activity of the muscarinic agonist xanomeline prompted us to investigate the effects of N-desmethylclozapine on cloned human M1-M5 muscarinic receptors. N-desmethylclozapine preferentially bound to M1 muscarinic receptors with an IC50 of 55 nM and was a more potent partial agonist (EC50, 115 nM and 50% of acetylcholine response) at this receptor than clozapine. Furthermore, pharmacological and site-directed mutagenesis studies suggested that N-desmethylclozapine preferentially activated M1 receptors by interacting with a site that does not fully overlap with the acetylcholine orthosteric site. As hypofunction of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-driven neuronal ensembles has been implicated in psychotic disorders, the neuronal activity of N-desmethylclozapine was electrophysiologically investigated in hippocampal rat brain slices. N-desmethylclozapine was shown to dose-dependently potentiate NMDA receptor currents in CA1 pyramidal cells by 53% at 100 nM, an effect largely mediated by activation of muscarinic receptors. Altogether, our observations provide direct evidence that the brain penetrant metabolite N-desmethylclozapine is a potent, allosteric agonist at human M1 receptors and is able to potentiate hippocampal NMDA receptor currents through M1 receptor activation. These observations raise the possibility that N-desmethylclozapine contributes to clozapine's clinical activity in schizophrenics through modulation of both muscarinic and glutamatergic neurotransmission.
Study on Corrosion Control in Reactors Using Radiation Induced Surface Activation (RISA): Mechanism Behind Stainless Steel Durability Due to RISA Against Crevice Corrosion (2010)

This study examines a corrosion control technique for corrosion-resistant materials or of stainless steel in piping for nuclear reactors. This employs an effect of Radiation Induced Surface Activation (RISA). The experimental results revealed: (1) The mechanism behind the corrosion control proposed by the previous report was confirmed to be appropriate. This via tests that measured the amount of dissolved oxygen and iron ions, in the solution. (2) The corrosion control technique was confirmed to be useful for stainless steel with any kind of metal oxide film coating on the surface. (3) It was also shown to be useful even in actual seawater, due to biological effects, which is a far more severe environment for corrosion control than simple salt water. The corrosion control technique for corrosion-resistant material using RISA in seawater has therefore been shown to offer a significant potential for practical applications in naval architecture and marine structures.
Bacterial-biota dynamics of eight bryophyte species from different ecosystems (2014)

Despite the importance of bryophyte-associated microorganisms in various ecological aspects including their crucial roles in the soil-enrichment of organic mass and N2 fixation, nonetheless, little is known about the microbial diversity of the bryophyte phyllospheres (epi-/endophytes). To get insights into bacterial community structures and their dynamics on the bryophyte habitats in different ecosystems and their potential biological roles, we utilized the 16S rRNA gene PCR-DGGE and subsequent phylogenetic analyses to investigate the bacterial community of eight bryophyte species collected from three distinct ecosystems from western Japan. Forty-two bacterial species belonging to γ-proteobacteria and Firmicutes with 71.4% and 28.6%, respectively, were identified among 90 DGGE gel band population. These DGGE-bands were assigned to 13 different genera with obvious predomination the genus Clostridium with 21.4% from the total bacterial community. These analyses provide new insights into bryophyte-associated bacteria and their relations to the ecosystems.
GLYCINE-RELATED COMPOUNDS AS POTENTIAL NMDA-ANTAGONISTS. PRELIMINARY STRUCTURE-AFFINITY RELATIONSHIPS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION (1992)

GONZALEZ, Y; CASTRO, A; LOPEZ, R; DIAZ, J A; MARTIN-ESCUDERO, U; ROMAÑACH, M; FERNANDEZ-TOME, P; SANCHEZ-FRANCO, PAuthor Information
Correlation of light fluctuations in the positive column of an argon discharge (1969)

The correlation coefficient of light fluctuations has been measured in an argon plasma in the positive column of a glow discharge at gas pressures between 0.02 and 0.08 torr and at discharge currents from 10 to 100 mA. At such conditions there are no stationary striations. The mean frequency and mean wavelength of the fluctuations are determined from correlation functions measured at zero time delay distance between sensors respectively. It has been found that the maximum of the correlation coefficient envelope moves towards the anode. The velocity of this movement has been determined. As some critical gas pressure at constant discharge current is approached all these quantities change sharply and well observed ionization waves appear.
Porphyrinatoerbium–crown ether conjugate for synergistic binding and chirality sensing of zwitterionic amino acids (1999)

H. Tsukube, M. Wada, S. Shinoda and H. Tamiaki, Chem. Commun., 1999, 1007 DOI: 10.1039/A903024G
Microstructures and Microwave Dielectric Properties of <scp> <scp>Bi</scp> </scp> <sub>2</sub> <scp> <scp>O</scp> </scp> <sub>3</sub> ‐Deficient <scp> <scp>Bi</scp> </scp> <sub>12</sub> <scp> <scp>SiO</scp> </scp> <sub>20</sub> Ceramics (2013)

The Microstructure and microwave dielectric properties of Bi 2 O 3 ‐deficient Bi 12 SiO 20 ceramics were investigated. A small amount of unreacted Bi 2 O 3 phase melted during sintering at 825°C and assisted with densification and grain growth in all samples. The melted Bi 2 O 3 reacted with remnant SiO 2 during cooling to form a Bi 4 Si 3 O 12 secondary phase. The nominal composition of Bi 11.8 SiO 19.7 ceramics sintered at 825°C for 4 h had a high relative density of 97% of the theoretical density, and good microwave dielectric properties: ε r = 39, Q × f = 74 000 GHz, and τ f = −14.1 ppm/°C. Moreover, this ceramic did not react with Ag at 825°C.