gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P2‐138: Prevention of tau aggregation <i>in vitro</i> and in cells by low molecular weight compounds derived from phenylthiazolyl‐hydrazide or rhodanine core structures (2008)

Tau protein forms anomalous aggregates (“paired helical filaments”) in Alzheimers disease and other brain diseases (“tauopathies”). This is considered to be a possible cause of neurodegeneration. We are therefore searching for compounds which are capable to inhibit and reverse the aggregation of tau protein. The search involves screening of libraries of chemical compounds for their effects on the assembly and disassembly of paired helical filaments (characterized by the assembly-inhibition and disassembly-inducing half-maximal concentrations IC50 and DC50). Previous screens have revealed several active compounds which fall into different chemical groups. From these results we have now developed several lead compounds after modifying core structures containing either phenylthiazolyl-hydrazide or rhodanine. The derivatives were synthesized and tested for their activities of inhibiting PHF assembly or inducing PHF disassembly. About 30% of the tested compounds showed an improvement of the inhibitory potential. The results were used to build up structure-activity relationships and to optimize the reagents with regard to PHF inhibition and cell viability. The interacting moieties of several compounds with tau was determined by saturation transfer difference NMR and surface plasmon resonance. In addition we used a cell model of tau pathology, based on the inducible aggregation of tau protein, which allows one to test whether compounds which inhibit tau polymerisation in vitro are also beneficial for cells. The results show that cellular “tau amyloidosis” can be reduced by inhibitor compounds and that the viability of the neurons can be improved. – Supported by MPG, DFG and ISOA.
Clinical and Hemodynamic Observations After Combined Aortic and Mitral Replacement (1965)

Twelve patients have been observed from 6 to 19 months after combined aortic and mitral valvular replacement with Starr-Edwards prostheses. Eleven patients have had postoperative right- and left-heart catheterizations. The clinical and hemodynamic findings are described. Nine patients are well. Three others have less than satisfactory results, although one of these is improved. It is concluded that bivalvular replacement is now practical in selected patients and provides gratifying results in most individuals so treated.
Least-violating control strategy synthesis with safety rules (2013)

We consider the problem of automatic control strategy synthesis, for discrete models of robotic systems, to fulfill a task that requires reaching a goal state while obeying a given set of safety rules. In this paper, we focus on the case when the said task is not feasible without temporarily violating some of the rules. We propose an algorithm that {synthesizes} a motion which violates only lowest priority rules for the shortest amount of time. Although the proposed algorithm can be applied in a variety of control problems, throughout the paper, we motivate this problem with an autonomous car navigating in an urban environment while abiding by the rules of the road, such as "always stay in the right lane" and "do not enter the sidewalk." We evaluate the algorithm on a case study with several illustrative scenarios.
Stromal Cell Derived Factor-1 over-expression immediately following surgical closure minimizes scar formation (2014)

Penn, Marc MD, PhD; Michler, Robert E. MD, FACS; Espinal, Eric MD; McGrath, Michael F. MD, FACS; Firstenberg, Michael S. MD; McCarthy, Patrick M. MD, FACS; Patel, Amit N. MD Author Information
Notes (1931)

J. A. N. Friend, F. Bell and H. H. Hudgson, J. Chem. Soc., 1931, 2225 DOI: 10.1039/JR9310002225
Discordant memory B cell and circulating anti-Env antibody responses in HIV-1 infection (2009)

Long-lived memory B cells (B(Mem)) provide an archive of historic Ab responses. By contrast, circulating Abs typically decline once the immunogen is cleared. Consequently, circulating Abs can underestimate the nature of cognate humoral immunity. On the other hand, the B(Mem) pool should provide a comprehensive picture of Ab specificities that arise over the entire course of infection. To test this hypothesis, we compared circulating Ab and B(Mem) from natural virus suppressors who control HIV-1 without therapy and maintain a relatively intact immune system. We found high frequencies of B(Mem) specific for the conserved neutralizing CD4 induced or CD4 binding site epitopes of gp120, whereas low Ab titers to these determinants were detected in contemporaneous plasma. These data suggest that plasma Ab repertoires can underestimate the breadth of humoral immunity, and analyses of B(Mem) should be included in studies correlating Ab specificity with protective immunity to HIV-1.
Role of Food Intake in the Modulation of Hexarelin-Induced Growth Hormone Release in Normal Human Subjects (2000)

Hexarelin (HEX) is a new synthetic analog of the Growth Hormone releasing peptides and is stronger than GHRH in releasing GH in vivo. No information is available on the effect of food ingestion on HEX-induced GH secretion. On the other hand, we have previously demonstrated that food intake at lunchtime in normal subjects has an inhibitory effect on the GH response to GHRH. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of food ingestion on GH secretion induced by HEX as compared to GHRH in six normal men (aged 23-29 years) and six normal women (aged 24-29 years). The body weights for all subjects were within 120% of their ideal body weight, according to their sex and age. Our data confirm that HEX is much more powerful than GHRH in inducing GH release in humans, both in the fasting state (GH-AUC: 3010 +/- 695 after HEX, vs. 1339 +/- 281 after GHRH, microg/L/120 min; p<0.06) and after a meal (GH-AUC: 1523 +/- 121, after HEX, vs. 309 +/- 61, after GHRH, microg/L/120 min; p<0.06). Moreover, our study shows that food intake partially blunts the fasting GH response to HEX (GH-AUC: 3010 +/- 695 after HEX, in fasting state, vs. 1523 +/- 121 after HEX, after meal, microg/L/120 min; p<0.06; mean inhibition of AUC 41.02 +/- 7.96%), whereas it nearly abolishes the GH response to GHRH in the same subjects (GH-AUC: 1339 +/- 281 after GHRH, in fasting state, vs. 309 +/- 61 after GHRH, after meal, microg/L/120 min; p<0.06; mean inhibition of AUC 70.31 +/- 6.22%). In conclusion, our study confirms that HEX acts differently from GHRH; the GH releasing effect of HEX could be only partially influenced by the physiological metabolic or neuroendocrine food-related modifications.
Arsenic Solubility and Attenuation in Soils of the Madison River Basin, Montana: Impacts of Long‐Term Irrigation (1999)

Abstract Arsenic concentrations in 8S0 km of the Madison and Upper Missouri Rivers exceed the Montana State human health standard (0.24 µ M ). In addition, ground water As concentrations in the northern portion of the Lower Madison River Valley are above the federal drinking water standard (0.67 µ M ) and correlate with high soluble As levels in overlying soils. The objectives of this study were to determine processes affecting As solubility in soils of the Madison and Upper Missouri River Basins and assess potential impacts of long‐term irrigation with As‐rich river water on As mobility. Sixteen irrigated (>20 yr of irrigation) and nonirrigated (never irrigated) soils were sampled in four major regions adjacent to the Madison and Upper Missouri Rivers. There were no significant differences (α = 0.05) in total or soluble As levels between irrigated and nonirrigatcd soils within any of the four regions. In addition, sorption coefficients ( K d values) in six paired soils selected for additional chemical characterization were not significantly different (α = 0.05) between irrigated and nonirrigated soils. Ammonium oxalate extractable Fe and Mn concentrations were found to be positively correlated with K d , and Olsen P concentration was found to be negatively correlated with K d based on a multiple linear regression ( r 2 = 0.92). Sequential extractions performed for a subset of soils showed that labile As concentrations were similar between irrigated and nonirrigated soils. Soils that had been irrigated for >100 yr had additional As sorption capacities of at least 3 mg kg −1 in saturated column studies following 30 yr of simulated irrigation. Based on this suite of data, it was determined that irrigation history has not significantly affected As solubility or attenuation capacities in soils of the study area.
A 0.13-μm CMOS Digital Phase Shifter for K-band Phased Arrays (2007)

A 4-bit active digital phase shifter integrated with digital control circuitry in 0.13-μm CMOS technology is developed for K-band multiple antenna arrays. The active phase shifter synthesizes the required phase using a phase interpolation process by adding quadrature phased input signals. The phase shifter uses a resonance-based quadrature all-pass filter for quadrature signaling with minimum loss and wide bandwidth. The phase shifter exhibits 6.5-13° of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</i> phase error at 15-26 GHz. The average voltage gain ranges from -4.6 dB at 15 GHz to -3 dB at 24.5-26 GHz. Input P1dB is typically -0.8±1.5 dBm at 24 GHz for overall phase states. The core area of the phase shifter is 0.33×0.43 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , with a current consumption of 7.8 mA from a 1.5 V supply voltage.
A Stability-Indicating Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Quantification of New Anti-Epileptic Drug Lacosamide and its Intermediates (2012)

A simple, selective, precise, and stability-indicating high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been established and validated for the determination of S (–) Enantiomer in Lacosamide drug substance. The chromatographic system used normal phase DAICEL Chiralcel OD-H column with UV-Vis detection at 210 nm. The mobile phase was a mixture of n–hexane–ethanol, 74:6 (%, v/v) and this mixture was transferred to isopropyl alcohol–trifluoroacetic acid in the ratio of 72:6:0.08 (%, v/v). The method is validated for its specificity, precision, accuracy, linearity and ruggedness. Regression analysis data for the calibration plots were indicative of good linear relationships between response and concentration over the range 0.0174µg mL –1 – 5.398 µg mL –1 . The correlation coefficient, r 2 , was 0.9994 and 0.9988. The value of slop and intercept of the calibration plot was 79403 and -16673. The limit of detection and quantitation were 0.087 ± 7.18 µg mL –1 and 0.263 ± 3.68 µg mL –1 . Statistical analysis proved the method is repeatable, selective, and accurate for estimation of S (–) Enantiomer in Lacosamide drug substance and its intermediates. Because the method could effectively separate the drug from their possible impurities like dibenzyl urea, benzyl acetamide, desmethyl, diacetyl and methylbenzyl serine, it can be used as a stability indicating method.
Matched subspace detectors for discrimination of targets from trees in SAR imagery (2002)

We investigate the use of subspace-based detectors for discriminating vehicles from trees in low frequency synthetic aperture imagery. We model tree scattering as structured isotropic interference responses and model dominant vehicle scattering as dihedral responses. We form linear subspaces of tree and target responses, and apply subspace-based detection methods developed by Scharf and Friedlander (1994). Analysis on synthetic tree and target models show the viability of this approach. Preliminary results on measured imagery provide lower performance, suggesting the need for improved data calibration and improved scattering models of trees at low frequencies.
Cytotoxicity of Substituted Alkyl-3,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrrole-2-carboxylates in L1210 Lymphoid Leukemia Cells (1998)

Two alkyl-3,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrrole-2-carboxylates proved to be potent cytotoxic agents in the murine L1210 lymphoid leukemia screen. DNA synthesis was preferentially inhibited with the major target of the agents being de novo purine biosynthesis at the regulatory enzyme sites of PRPP-amido transferase and IMP dehydrogenase. Other enzymatic activities which were suppressed by the drugs were DNA polymerase alpha, RNA polymerases, ribonucleoside reductase and dihydrofolate reductase. The d[NTP] pools, nucleoside kinase and the pyrimidine pathway were not affected by the presence of drugs. The DNA molecule itself was not the target of the agents, i.e. no alkylation of nucleotide bases, intercalation between bases or cross-linking of DNA strands occurred. The agents did cause L1210 DNA fragmentation after 24 h incubation at 100 microM.
Wavelength Conversion of 10Gbps Signals using Four-Wave Mixing in ultra-small silicon waveguide (2006)

We demonstrate all optical wavelength conversion using four wave mixing phenomenon (FWM) in a simple silicon photonic wire waveguide. The conversion experiments were performed in a pulse operation with 10Gbps NRZ signal. The conversion efficiency is about -34 dB for a 5.8-cm-long silicon wire waveguide, and converted pulses were clearly observed in time domain experiments.
Traumatic Cerebellar Dysfunction (1976)

It has been said that cerebellar symptoms caused by head injury are rare. The first reason is, injury of the cerebellum is usually fatal due to either combined intracranial hemorrhage or brain stem lesions. The second is, the posterior cranial fossa and cerebellum have specific features in anatomical view point so that the cerebellum rarely suffers from injury by impact. In 1969, R.C. Cantu reported on 2 cases which showed midline cerebellar symptoms consisting of dysarthria, truncal ataxia and rotatory nystagmus following occipital head trauma. He postulated a new syndrome “The transient traumatic cerebellar dysfunction” for this symptoms. We present 7 cases of post-traumatic cerebellar symptoms caused by closed head trauma. Summary of 7 cases : 1. Ratio of male and female was 5:2, age distribution was from 9 to 34 years of age; 2. Site of trauma included occipital region in 5 cases, frontal region in 1 case, and unknown in 1 case. Initial loss of consciousness was absent in 5 cases, few minutes in 1 case, and 2 weeks in 1 case; 3. Craniogram: 1 case showed right-frontal linear fracture and others were normal; 4. Cerebellar signs revealed were such as dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesis, horizontal nystagmus and ataxia. Other neurological findings such as pyramidal signs and sensory disturbances were negative; 5. Laboratory findings such as lumbar puncture and other pertinent findings were negative; 6. Clinical course: Cerebellar symptoms improved within few days or few months in 6 cases, whithin one year in 1 case; 7. Same symptoms reccurred twice in 1 case following minor occipital injuries. The symptoms were maximal immediately after trauma and steadily improved in all cases. The pathophysiology of these symptoms, whether it is due to cerebellar concussion or contusion, is unknown. In one case, traumatic infra-tentorial hematoma was suspected and suboccipital exploratory craniectomy was undertaken. However, neither hematoma nor contusion in the posterior cranial fossa and of the cerebellum, was discovered. The observations presented here and the cases reported by other authors suggest that these symptoms may occur with or without cerebellar hemorrhage and contusion. Because the authors experienced a recurrence of these symptoms in one patient as referred in 7., the authors presume that there must be some other predisposition in manifestation of this symptoms. Recognition of this symptoms is not only important but also helpful in the diagnosis of posterior fossa lesions after head injuries.
Efficient Green's function factorization for the analysis of large patch antennas on multilayered media with the SM/AIM method (2006)

We present a new technique for the factorization of the Green's function that can be conveniently used to extend the Sparse Matrix/Adaptive Integral Method (SM/AIM) to the analysis of large patch antennas on multilayered media.
ChemInform Abstract: Anthraquinon‐2‐ylmethoxycarbonyl (Aqmoc): A New Photochemically Removable Protecting Group for Alcohols. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A thioamide substrate of carboxypeptidase A (1982)

Carbobenzoxythioglycyl-L-phenylalanine [CbzNHCH2C(==S)Phe, Z-Glys-Phe] was synthesized as thioamide analogue of Z-Gly-Phe, a known substrate of carboxypeptidase A (CPA). By use of a ninhydrin-based assay and Z-Gly-Gly-Phe as the substrate, Z-Glys-Phe was shown to be a weak competitive inhibitor of CPA (Ki = 1.4 mM). The L isomer (but not the D) of Z-Glys-Phe proved to be a substrate for CPA (Km = 1.1 mM and kcat = 5.3 s-1 at pH 7.5), binding with comparable affinity to, but hydrolyzing at 10% the rate of, the oxo analogue Z-Gly-Phe. The CPA-catalyzed hydrolysis of Z-Glys-Phe was shown to involve only C-N bond cleavage, to give carbobenzoxythioglycine and phenylalanine.
Immunohistochemical analysis of the antiapoptotic Mcl‐1 and Bcl‐2 proteins in follicular lymphoma (2006)

In the present study, we investigated the expression of Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 by immunohistochemistry in 85 patients of grades 1-3 and transformed follicular lymphoma (FL). In lymphoma tissue, centroblasts uniformly expressed high levels of Mcl-1 (Mcl-1(hi)) whereas centrocytes demonstrated low Mcl-1 expression (Mcl-1(lo)). Bcl-2 expression in centroblasts/centrocytes was reciprocal to Mcl-1 staining in most cases. A high number of Mcl-1(hi) centroblasts in tissue sections (> or =200/high-power field) correlated with poor overall survival (P < 0.001), independent of the International Prognostic Index and FL grade. This suggests that the number of centroblasts with strong Mcl-1 staining is associated with clinical outcome in FL patients.
Elastic strain relaxation in GaN–AlN–GaN semiconductor–insulator–semiconductor structures (1995)

We calculated the elastic strain relaxation in wurtzite GaN–AlN–GaN semiconductor–insulator–semiconductor (SIS) structures. Elastic strain tensor components, elastic energy, the density of the misfit dislocations, and the other parameters of the system were obtained as functions of the AlN layer thickness. Theoretical values of the elastic strain relaxation are in satisfactory agreement with experimental data extracted from the capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics of GaN–AlN–GaN SIS structures. Our results confirm that the gradual relaxation process starts from 30 Å AlN film thickness. The uniform contributions to the elastic strain tensor components decrease by approximately an order of magnitude when the film thickness increases from 30 to 100 Å. Commensurate with this decrease is an increase in a nonuniform contribution of the misfit dislocations. The dislocation interactions lead to redistribution of dislocations within the 30–60 Å range of AlN film thicknesses.
Electrophysiological Characterization of a Novel Conotoxin That Blocks Molluscan Sodium Channels (1995)

A novel peptide toxin, PnIVB, isolated from the venom of Conus pennaceus blocks voltage-gated sodium current in Aplysia neurons. Complete blockade is obtained at a PnIVB concentration of 80 +/- 2.2 nM and 50% blockade at 16 +/- 0.86 nM. The potency of PnIVB in blocking Aplysia sodium current is four orders of magnitude larger than that of tetrodotoxin. The toxin has no paralytic activity when injected into fish. The rapid blockade of sodium current by PnIVB is not associated with a change in the activation or inactivation kinetics of the current, or with the reversal potential. Sodium current blockade is reversible after a 30 min wash with 50 times the bath volume. The novel conotoxin PnIVB can be used as a powerful tool for mollusc neurobiological research and as a molecular probe to explore the structure-function relations of voltage-gated sodium channel subtypes.
The Effect of Foot Structure on the Three-Dimensional Kinematic Coupling Behavior of the Leg and Rear Foot (1998)

The rotational patterns and coupling response unique to each foot group may enhance our understanding of lower-extremity injuries related to certain foot structures. An assessment of the coupling relationship in combination with traditional frontal-plane measurements may better guide decisions regarding selection of footwear and orthoses.
Parameter estimation for autoregressive Gaussian-mixture processes: the EMAX algorithm (2002)

The problem of estimating parameters of discrete-time non-Gaussian autoregressive (AR) processes is addressed. The subclass of such processes considered is restricted to those whose driving noise samples are statistically independent and identically distributed according to a Gaussian-mixture probability density function (PDF). Because the likelihood function for this problem is typically unbounded in the vicinity of undesirable, degenerate parameter estimates, a global maximum likelihood approach is not appropriate. Hence, an alternative approach is taken whereby a finite local maximum of the likelihood surface is sought. This approach, which is termed the quasi-maximum likelihood (QML) approach, is used to obtain estimates of the AR parameters as well as the means, variances, and weighting coefficients that define the Gaussian-mixture PDF. A technique for generating solutions to the QML problem is derived using a generalized version of the expectation-maximization principle.
An Application of the Delépine Reaction to β-Bromopropionic Acid (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn Application of the Delépine Reaction to β-Bromopropionic AcidN. L. WendlerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 1, 375Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01169a518https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01169a518research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views456Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts