gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Local and virtual RBF meshless method for high-speed flows (2009)

Existing Computational Fluid Dynamic solutions suffer from several major limitations that prevent widespread use within the scope of many complex aerospace flow situations. These limitations include requiring significant model setup time, requiring skilled labor to generate the underlying computational grid, and requiring extensive computational resources to construct large-scale models using conventional techniques. In response to these issues, this work has developed a solution utilizing a novel Meshless method that eliminates the need for structured meshes, and thus, the need for complicated meshing procedures that demand both time and labor to complete. The presented Meshless method, which is based upon two collocation techniques, Local Radial Basis Function (LRBF) collocation and Virtual Radial Basis Function (VRBF) collocation, has shown promising results within the areas of heat transfer and elasticity, as well as incompressible and compressible fluid flow. Incorporation of an automated refinement process based on boundary and interior values provides the method with a high level of robustness with respect to initial point distribution. Additionally, the inclusion of shadow nodes in near-boundary regions allows the method to accurately capture the high gradients present in typical high-speed boundary layers. Several examples are presented within the area of high-speed flow in an attempt to highlight the ease of use, as well as the accuracy of the described techniques.
A Modified Automated Ferricyanide-Phosphomolybdic Acid Procedure for Serum or Plasma Glucose (1966)

Abstract Glucose in serum and plasma was determined by the automated ferricyanide-phosphomolybdate reaction, with modifications of both the flow system and reagents to adapt the procedure for use with the AutoAnalyzer. The modified method was shown to be precise and sensitive.
Neural Dynamics and Surround Inhibition in the Neostriatum: A Possible Connection (2000)

In this chapter we consider possible links between the neurodynamics of striatal activity at the network level and the effects of dopamine and acetylcholine on spiny projection neurones at the cellular level. We focus on the idea that different dynamic modes of neural network activity may prevail in the neostriatum depending on the levels of dopamine and acetylcholine.
Real‐time 4‐D radiotherapy for lung cancer (2011)

Respiratory motion considerably influences dose distribution, and thus clinical outcomes in radiotherapy for lung cancer. Breath holding, breath coaching, respiratory gating with external surrogates, and mathematical predicting models all have inevitable uncertainty due to the unpredictable variations of internal tumor motion. The amplitude of the same tumor can vary with standard deviations > 5 mm occurring in 23% of T1-2N0M0 non-small cell lung cancers. Residual motion varied 1-6 mm (95th percentile) for the 40% duty cycle of respiratory gating with external surrogates. The 4-D computed tomography is vulnerable to problems relating to the external surrogates. Real-time 4-D radiotherapy (4DRT), where the temporal changes in anatomy during the delivery of radiotherapy are explicitly considered in real time, is emerging as a new method to reduce these known sources of uncertainty. Fluoroscopic, real-time tumor-tracking technology using internal fiducial markers near the tumor has ± 2 mm accuracy, and has achieved promising clinical results when used with X-ray therapy. Instantaneous irradiation based on real-time verification of internal fiducial markers is considered the minimal requisite for real-time 4DRT of lung cancers at present. Real-time tracking radiotherapy using gamma rays from positron emitters in tumors is in the preclinical research stage, but has been successful in experiments in small animals. Real-time tumor tracking via spot-scanning proton beam therapy has the capability to cure large lung cancers in motion, and is expected to be the next-generation real-time 4DRT.
ApplicaAI at SemEval-2020 Task 11: On RoBERTa-CRF, Span CLS and Whether\n Self-Training Helps Them (2020)

This paper presents the winning system for the propaganda Technique\nClassification (TC) task and the second-placed system for the propaganda Span\nIdentification (SI) task. The purpose of TC task was to identify an applied\npropaganda technique given propaganda text fragment. The goal of SI task was to\nfind specific text fragments which contain at least one propaganda technique.\nBoth of the developed solutions used semi-supervised learning technique of\nself-training. Interestingly, although CRF is barely used with\ntransformer-based language models, the SI task was approached with RoBERTa-CRF\narchitecture. An ensemble of RoBERTa-based models was proposed for the TC task,\nwith one of them making use of Span CLS layers we introduce in the present\npaper. In addition to describing the submitted systems, an impact of\narchitectural decisions and training schemes is investigated along with remarks\nregarding training models of the same or better quality with lower\ncomputational budget. Finally, the results of error analysis are presented.\n
Fiber designs for reducing stimulated Brillouin scattering (2006)

This paper discusses stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in optical fibers. Theoretical approach for analyzing the SBS in fiber is described. Different fiber design methods for reducing the SBS effect are presented.
Using the STOMP (Seismic TOMography Program) Program for tomography with strong ray bending (1987)

Accurate tomographic reconstructions of sound wave speed and attenuation are more difficult to obtain than are the corresponding reconstructions for x-rays or high frequency electromagnetic probes. The source of the difficulty is the common occurrence of large contrasts in acoustic or seismic wave speeds, leading to refraction and ray-bending effects. A new algorithm based on Fermat's principle has been developed to treat these problems. A description of the code STOMP (for Seismic TOMography Program) implementing the new algorithm is presented here together with a brief users manual for applications to borehole-to-borehole tomography. 3 refs., 3 figs.
Dynamical approach to manipulation of single atoms/molecules at material surface (2008)

Nano-technology is a bottom-up technology and shows the possibility of spatial arrangement of atoms and molecules by using sensing probes, for example, SEM, AFM, and so on. The demonstrative experiments have been reported since 1990s. In this paper, we will discuss a model of single particles manipulation from material surface. The model is based on a van der Waals molecule vibrational predissociation of T-shaped model. The probability of the manipulation is also considered with relation to chaotic dynamics. The theoretical discussion is confirmed by numerical simulation. Through the results, the method for manipulation of nano-particles is discussed.
Polysialic acid: A veteran sugar with a new site of action in the brain (2010)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Influence of the ring size in diphosphorylated dibenzo crown ethers on extraction of metals from nitric acid solutions (2010)

Extraction of metals from 0.1–7 M HNO3 with 0.05 M chloroform solutions of functionalized crown ethers containing (n-C4H9O)2P(O)- fragments and differing in the polyether ring size (18-crown-6, 21-crown-7, 24-crown-8) was studied. An increase in the size of the macroring in diphosphorylated dibenzo crown ethers leads to an appreciable increase in the performance of the extractants toward a number of metals, due to participation of phosphoryl groups in the complexation. At the same time, the reactivity of the macroring varies insignificantly, which decreases the selectivity of the recovery of metals forming host-guest complexes. These features should be taken into account when designing new macrocyclic extractants of the lariat type.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild and Efficient Ligand‐Free Copper‐Catalyzed Condensation for the Synthesis of Quinazolines. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Outcomes of Cochlear Radiation Dose on Hearing Preservation Following Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Fractionated Radiotherapy in Vestibular Schwannoma (2017)

Introduction: Radiation therapy has emerged as an effective treatment for vestibular schwannomas (VS) to achieve tumor control and hearing preservation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the amount of radiation delivered to the cochlea during stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT), and determine its effect on hearing outcome.
Total Synthesis of Antitumor Depsipeptide (−)-Doliculide (2001)

[reaction: see text] (-)-Doliculide, a potent antitumor agent, is synthesized stereoselectively in a convergent manner. The key strategy involves a stereoselective synthesis of the polyketide unit and synthesis of the D-tyrosine derivative, followed by assembly of the fragments by an esterification and cycloamidation reaction sequence. The synthesis of the polyketide fragment was achieved by an iterative asymmetric synthesis to install stereoselectively both 1,3-dimethyl groups and the 1,3-diol unit by utilizing asymmetric cyclopropanations and Sharpless asymmetric epoxidations as the key steps.
Imaging biomarkers in thyroid eye disease and their clinical associations (2018)

The purpose of this study is to understand the phenotypes of thyroid eye disease (TED) through data derived from a multiatlas segmentation of computed tomography (CT) imaging. Images of 170 orbits of 85 retrospectively selected TED patients were analyzed with the developed automated segmentation tool. Twenty-five bilateral orbital structural metrics were used to perform principal component analysis (PCA). PCA of the 25 structural metrics identified the two most dominant structural phenotypes or characteristics, the "big volume phenotype" and the "stretched optic nerve phenotype," that accounted for 60% of the variance. Most of the subjects in the study have either of these characteristics or a combination of both. A Kendall rank correlation between the principal components (phenotypes) and clinical data showed that the big volume phenotype was very strongly correlated ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>-</mml:mtext> <mml:mtext>value</mml:mtext></mml:mrow> </mml:math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mo><</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.05</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) with motility defects, and loss of visual acuity. Whereas, the stretched optic nerve phenotype was strongly correlated ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>-</mml:mtext> <mml:mtext>value</mml:mtext></mml:mrow> </mml:math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mo><</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.05</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) with an increased Hertel measurement, relatively better visual acuity, and smoking. Two clinical subtypes of TED, type 1 with enlarged muscles and type 2 with proptosis, are recognizable in CT imaging. Our automated algorithm identifies the phenotypes and finds associations with clinical markers.
Split-Block Waveguide Polarization Twist for 220 to 325 GHz (2008)

A split-block waveguide circuit that rotates polarization by 90 has been designed with WR-3 input and output waveguides, which are rectangular waveguides used for a nominal frequency range of 220 to 325 GHz. Heretofore, twisted rectangular waveguides equipped with flanges at the input and output have been the standard means of rotating the polarizations of guided microwave signals. However, the fabrication and assembly of such components become difficult at high frequency due to decreasing wavelength, such that twisted rectangular waveguides become impractical at frequencies above a few hundred gigahertz. Conventional twisted rectangular waveguides are also not amenable to integration into highly miniaturized subassemblies of advanced millimeter- and submillimeter-wave detector arrays now undergoing development. In contrast, the present polarization- rotating waveguide can readily be incorporated into complex integrated waveguide circuits such as miniaturized detector arrays fabricated by either conventional end milling of metal blocks or by deep reactive ion etching of silicon blocks. Moreover, the present split-block design can be scaled up in frequency to at least 5 THz. The main step in fabricating a splitblock polarization-rotating waveguide of the present design is to cut channels having special asymmetrically shaped steps into mating upper and lower blocks (see Figure 1). The dimensions of the steps are chosen to be consistent with the WR-3 waveguide cross section, which is 0.864 by 0.432 mm. The channels are characterized by varying widths with constant depths of 0.432, 0.324, and 0.216 mm and by relatively large corner radii to facilitate fabrication. The steps effect both a geometric transition and the corresponding impedance-matched electromagnetic-polarization transition between (1) a WR-3 rectangular waveguide oriented with the electric field vector normal to the block mating surfaces and (2) a corresponding WR-3 waveguide oriented with its electric field vector parallel to the mating surfaces of the blocks. A prototype has been built and tested. Figure 2 presents test results indicative of good performance over nearly the entire WR-3 waveguide frequency band.
Film-shaped inorganic-organic hybrid polymers with biological properties (2017)

Resumen del póster presentado a la X Reunión Científica de Bioinorgánica (BioBilbao), celebrada en Bilbao (España) del 9 al 12 de julio de 2017.
A Novel Combined Power and Cooling Thermodynamic Cycle for Low Temperature Heat Sources: Part I — Theoretical Investigation (2002)

A combined thermal power and cooling cycle proposed by Goswami is under intensive investigation, both theoretically and experimentally. The proposed cycle combines the Rankine and absorption refrigeration cycles, producing refrigeration while power is the primary goal. A binary ammonia-water mixture is used as the working fluid. This cycle can be used as a bottoming cycle using waste heat from a conventional power cycle or an independent cycle using low temperature sources such as geothermal and solar energy. Initial parametric studies of the cycle showed the potential for the cycle to be optimized for first or second law efficiency, as well as work or cooling output. For a solar heat source, optimization of the second law efficiency is most appropriate, since the spent heat source fluid is recycled through the solar collectors. The optimization results verified that the cycle could be optimized using the Generalized Reduced Gradient method. Theoretical results were extended to include realistic irreversibilities in the cycle, in preparation for the experimental study.
NMR T[sub 2] Inversion along the Depth Dimension (2008)

The spurious signals in NMR logging often cause neighboring depth intervals of the same rock type to have dissimilar T2 distributions and oscillatory porosity responses. We found that we can use the 2D NMR concept to jointly invert T2 distributions of sequential depth records using the depth as the extra dimension and basis functions as the regularizing tool for smoothing, thereby constraining the solutions to have a reasonable behavior. Our results show fluctuation of both porosity and shape of T2 distribution is reduced. Such practice increases the feasibility of using T2 distribution as a rock type indicator.
Inhibition of Mitochondrial NADH Oxidase, Succinoxidase, and ATPase by Naturally Occurring Flavonoids (1987)

A structure-activity investigation of the inhibition of beef heart mitochondrial NADH oxidase and succinoxidase and rat liver mitochondrial ATPase by flavonoids was conducted. NADH oxidase was the most sensitive to inhibition by flavonoids: 13 of the 18 flavonoids tested inhibited NADH oxidase, whereas only 4 and 5 flavonoids inhibited succinoxidase and ATPase, respectively. The flavonoids possessing a catechol or pyrogallol moiety, and a 2,3-double bond and a 3-hydroxyl group were the most inhibitory towards the respiratory chain enzymes. The catechol or pyrogallol moiety did not exert preferential activity towards the oligomycin-sensitive ATPase because morin, which contains a meta-dihydroxy configuration, was the most potent ATPase inhibitor.
The Effect of Ambulation on Recovery from Postoperative Ileus (1990)

To determine whether ambulation hastens recovery from ileus following laparotomy, 34 patients were studied, 10 of whom followed an ambulatory regimen beginning on postoperative day 1 (group A). The other 24 patients (group C) did not become ambulatory until postoperative day 4. All patients underwent placement of seromuscular bipolar recording electrodes on the Roux limb, if present, stomach, jejunum, and colon at laparotomy. Group A was recorded before and after ambulation so comparisons could be made to determine if ambulation had an acute effect on myoelectric activity. Group A preambulation and group C recordings were compared to judge whether there was an over-all effect of ambulation on myoelectric recovery. No effect on slow wave frequency or percentage of slow waves with associated spike potentials was noted acutely or overall in the stomach, colon, or jejunum in continuity with the duodenal pacemaker. Transient increases in phase II spike activity in patients having a Roux limb and their jejunum distal to the enteroenterostomy were noted on postoperative days 1 to 2, but these differences resolved by postoperative days 3 or 4. The data suggest that ambulation as a means to help resolve postoperative ileus and its accompanying cramps and bloating may be more perceived than real.
Oxidation numbers as Social Security Numbers: Are they predictive or postdictive? (2009)

Abstract The Oxidation Number (ON) of an atom within a molecule or solid is a well defined quantity in chemistry (assuming a consistent set of rules are followed), with a long and distinguished history of usefulness. The question revisited recently [1–3] is whether it carries a predictive physical meaning in its own right beyond being an unquestionably convenient label. For example, whereas the color of compounds physically reflects the relative energetic positions of occupied vs. unoccupied, dipolecoupled energy levels, can the color be explained [4] by the oxidation state of the central ion? Can the different colors of various Mn compounds be predicted or explained in terms of their oxidation numbers [e.g. pink Mn(II) vs. black Mn(IV) vs. purple Mn(VII)], or does such understanding entail knowledge of the occupancy of the hybridized d bands, a knowledge not provided by the ON (but possibly labeled by it, once such understanding is independently acquired)? Also, the photoemission core shifts of an atom within a molecule (e.g. relative to a reference of the atom in its elemental form) physically represent the balance of all electrostatic charges in the system as felt by that atomic site. Can this balance be predicted or explained [1] by the oxidation number of the ion, or is the latter only a convenient short-hand notation (often assigned ex post facto) for an otherwise possibly nontrivial electronic structure? In other words, the central question here is whether the Oxidation Number is predictive, in its own right, or does it act functionally as a Social Security Number that conveniently labels a person, but by itself (e.g., without additional access to financial, medical, or educational records, or psychoanalysis) does not lead to understanding of the person.
An E-Learning System Based on the Top Down Method and the Cellular Models (2011)

As the broadband connectivity to the Internet becomes common, Web-based e-learning and distance learning have come to play the central roles for self-learning, where learners are given much flexibility in choosing the place and time to study. However, the learners still have to spend a lot of time before reaching the learning goal. This discourages the learner to continue their studies and diminishes their motivations. To overcome this problem and to let the learners keep focusing on their primary interests, we propose a top-down e-learning system called TDeLS. The TDeLS can offer learners the learning materials based on the top-down (i.e., goal-oriented) method, according to the learners’ demands and purposes. Moreover, the TDeLS can distribute them to the learners through the Internet, and manage the database for learning materials. In order to share learning materials among learners through the Web, these learning materials are wrapped in XML with a specially designed vocabulary for TDeLS. We employed the cellular models that ensure the consistency among design modules and support a top-down design methodology. In this chapter, we present the TDeLS for hardware logic design courses based on the cellular models. The primary goal is to design complex logic circuits in VerilogHDL which is an industrial-standard hardware description language. This chapter also presents the basic XML vocabulary designed to describe hardware modules efficiently, and a brief introduction to the structure and functions of the proposed system, which implements the TDeLS.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
Molecular-like Metal Clusters Stabilized in Zeolites: Preparation and Applications (2016)

International audience
Gamma Irradiation-Induced Loss In A Hard Clad Silica Optical Fiber (1990)

The transmission performance in a Co-60 radiation environment of a polymer clad/pure silica core fiber is evaluated near both the 850 and 1300 nm telecommunications windows, and at +22 °C and -55 °C. The evaluation includes an in situ measurement of radiation-induced loss up to 10 krad and fading of this loss to 105 seconds after cessation of exposure. It is found that at room temperature superior radiation resistance is afforded near 850 nm. However, in spite of larger intrinsic losses, it was found that at -55°C lower total attenuation during irradiation and up to several hundred seconds after exposure is available at the longer-wavelength window. Furthermore, as average transmitted power increases, the doses during irradiation increase and the times during recovery decrease for this period of superior performance. These results suggest the longer wavelength may be better suited for shorter transmission links intolerate of momentary interruptions.