gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An infection inhibiting urinary catheter material. (1998)

Catheter associated bacteriuria is a common infection in hospitals and nursing homes. An infection inhibiting catheter material for fabricating urinary catheters is being developed. The material consists of silicone rubber elastomer compounded with chlorhexidene gluconate (CHG) matrix. The antibiotic is released in sustained fashion over at least 4 weeks. A method was established for adding CHG to silicone rubber. To protect the CHG, it is suspended in a water soluble wax that also modulates CHG release from the elastomer. It was found that CHG is randomly dispersed in the elastomer and that the primary release mechanism is by diffusion. The antibacterial activity of the material with a range of 0.1 to 5% CHG by weight was examined using in vitro zone inhibition testing. The new material demonstrated significant inhibitory activity against three pathogens tested (Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis.). The release rate of CHG was measured in vitro using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). With 5% CHG loading, the antibiotic was released at a steady rate of approximately 8.4 mg/cm2/day for periods extending beyond 4 weeks. This new material for urinary catheters has the potential to provide protection against infection and surface colonization.
Improving low load combustion, stability, and emissions in pilot-ignited natural gas engines (2006)

Stringent environmental policies and the ever-increasing demand for energy have triggered interest in novel combustion technologies that use alternative fuels as energy sources. Of these, pilot-ignited natural gas engines that employ small diesel pilots (∼1-5 per cent on an energy basis) to compression ignite a premixed natural gas-air mixture have received considerable attention. This paper discusses the effect of intake charge temperature and pilot injected quantity on the onset of ignition (Δ IGN ) and combustion (Δ COM ) in a pilot-ignited natural gas engine with specific focus on early diesel pilot injection [begining of injection (BOI) at about 60° before top dead centre (BTDC)] for low-load operation. Both Δ IGN and Δ COM had a strong influence on performance and emissions at 60° BTDC. At advanced BOI for both half and quarter-load operation, the best performance and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions could be obtained by optimally advancing Δ IGN relative to TDC and minimizing the cyclic variability in the Δ IGN . Furthermore, a clear dependence of Δ COM on Δ IGN was observed with the optimally advanced and the least-variable Δ IGN producing the least Δ COM variations. Engine performance, stability, and emissions were more sensitive to intake charge temperatures in comparison with pilot injected quantities. The best improvement in performance and emissions was obtained with increasing intake temperature at half load, where fuel conversion efficiency (FCE) increased from approximately 31 per cent to 38 per cent, coefficient of variation of indicated mean effective pressure (COV IMEP ) decreased from about 11 per cent to 4 per cent, and HC emissions decreased from 72 to 23 g/kW h, while oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) emissions increased from 16 to 142 mg/kW h. Performance and emissions trends at quarter load were similar to those observed at half load.
Chemismus der Reaktivfarbstoffe (1961)

Abstract Reaktivstoffe sind farbige Verbindungen, die im Laufe des Färbeprozesses kovalente Bindungen mit dem gefärbten Material (Textilfasern, Kunststoffe) eingehen. Diese Farbstoffe wurden erstaunlich spät entwickelt. Die wesentlichen Arbeiten auf diesem Gebiet stammen erst aus den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten. Überraschenderweise lassen sich Reaktivfarbstoffe im wäßrigen Färbebad auch mit Cellulose umsetzen. Typen, Technologie und Reaktionsweise der Reaktivfarbstoffe werden zusammenfassend beschrieben. Auf Grund von kinetischen Versuchen (Säure‐, Basen‐ und Autokatalyse, Isotopeneffekte) wird der Mechanismus nucleophiler Substitutionen aromatischer Heterocyclen vom Typ des Cyanurchlorids eingehend besprochen.
Image search using multiresolution matching with a mutual information model (2002)

To search for a pattern or a template in a reference image is an essential step in a number of image processing applications. We often focus on searching for some parts of the original large image throughout the whole reference one for accurate position and orientation. In this paper, a multiscale matching approach based on the mutual information model is proposed. We also discuss the possible means to decrease the amount of computation in the search technique by limiting the entire set of possible locations in a small subset ones. The performance and results of the algorithm are demonstrated. The explicit application is automatic terrain navigation. Other applications involve image database querying, partial-content based indexing, and image positioning etc.
A general theorem for degree-reduction of a digital BR function (1985)

A general theorem is developed for the degree reduction of a bounded real (BR) digital filter transfer function, and is related to the extraction of a digital lossless two-pair from a BR function in such a manner that the remainder function is reduced order BR. The theorem finds applications in the synthesis of digital filter transfer functions in the form of a cascade of lossless two pairs.
Neural Basis of Reinforcement Learning and Decision Making (2012)

Reinforcement learning is an adaptive process in which an animal utilizes its previous experience to improve the outcomes of future choices. Computational theories of reinforcement learning play a central role in the newly emerging areas of neuroeconomics and decision neuroscience. In this framework, actions are chosen according to their value functions, which describe how much future reward is expected from each action. Value functions can be adjusted not only through reward and penalty, but also by the animal's knowledge of its current environment. Studies have revealed that a large proportion of the brain is involved in representing and updating value functions and using them to choose an action. However, how the nature of a behavioral task affects the neural mechanisms of reinforcement learning remains incompletely understood. Future studies should uncover the principles by which different computational elements of reinforcement learning are dynamically coordinated across the entire brain.
Coherent Signal Processing for Packet Radio (1982)

An advanced demodulation technique has been devised for the Low Cost Packet Radio (LCPR) under contract to CECOM/DARPA No. DAAK 80-81-C-0213. First, a brief introduction on packet radio signal format is given, then the design of the acquisition processor is presented. The impact of noise and multipath on demodulator options - standard DPSK with noncoherent integration, and PSK with a quasi-coherent reference are compared. Decision feedback combined with coherent surface acoustic wave signal processing are used to implement an adaptive matched filter to the fading, multipath distorted pulses received. This technique is made practical by the advent of high stability surface acoustic wave technology. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[1],[2]</sup> Analytical results are presented which demonstrate that, over a certain broad range of parameters, the coherent technique described provides the performance of an adaptive matched filter. The technique is also shown to be easily extended to provide optimum, maximal ratio, explicit path diversity combining, which is an essential feature for packet radio operations.
Aerosolized Surfactant in Sepsis-Induced Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome-Reply (1995)

In Reply. —We thank Dr Doig for his comments and queries. Enrollment in this study was from November 4,1989, through December 19, 1990. Only 18 of the 20 centers entered patients, and some sites joined the study late in 1990. The mean±SD number of entries per site was 2.8±1.5 (range, 1 to 6). A systematic record was not maintained for the number of patients screened, the number eligible for enrollment, or any reasons for exclusion other than those stated under Methods. Intermittent random evaluations at various centers did not identify any biases. Patient enrollment was limited by the strict enrollment criteria, in particular, entry within 18 hours of the onset of sepsis or sepsis syndrome (see Methods). Refusal was rare. Therefore, we believe the subjects entered into this study were representative of our general ICU populations. Doig appropriately notes that administration of Exosurf is usually evident in the endotracheal tube
FULLERENES IN FLAMES: Burning benzene yields C and C (1991)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTFULLERENES IN FLAMES: Burning benzene yields C and CRUDY BAUMCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1991, 69, 28, 6Publication Date (Print):July 15, 1991Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 15 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v069n028.p006https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v069n028.p006newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1991 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views5Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Carbon,Carbon nanomaterials,Hydrocarbons,Nanospheres Get e-Alerts
The postictal state — What do we know? (2020)

This narrative review provides a broad and comprehensive overview of the most important discoveries on the postictal state over the past decades as well as recent developments. After a description and definition of the postictal state, we discuss postictal sypmtoms, their clinical manifestations, and related findings. Moreover, pathophysiological advances are reviewed, followed by current treatment options.
Selective Fabrication of Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) Nanocapsules and Mesocellular Foams Using Surfactant‐Mediated Interfacial Polymerization (2006)

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanocapsules and mesocellular foams have been selectively fabricated by surfactant-mediated interfacial polymerization (see Figure). The morphology of the PEDOT nanomaterials significantly depends on the surfactant concentration, and the PEDOT nanocapsules and mesocellular foams show good performance as supercapacitors.
Image auto-annotation by exploiting web information (2014)

We consider the image auto-annotation problem by exploiting information from Internet. Given a collection of semantically similar images and a keyword that accurately describes these images, our goal is to find a set of popular tags to annotate each image, conforming to those used for similar images found on the web. We propose a novel framework to exploit classification based learning and bipartitioning clustering algorithms for extracting meaningful tags from semantical images on the web. Specifically, we adopt multiple kernel learning (MKL) to first select relevant images with their associated tags, which are obtained from the web based on keyword search, and then build a bipartite graph to model the relation between related tags and images. Finally, we partition over the bipartite graph to produce a set of significant tags for each image. We evaluate our proposed method by using the colorful Natural Scene and Events datasets to generate related images and tags from the Flickr website. The experimental results show that our proposed method has superior performance compared with baseline methods.
A Combination of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Scaffold with Hyaluronic Acid-Gelatin Hydrogel as a New Tool for Bone Regeneration (2014)

A novel bone substitute was fabricated to enhance bone healing by combining ceramic and polymer materials. In this study, Hyaluronic acid (HyA)-Gelatin (Gel) hydrogel was loaded into a biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramic, and the resulting scaffold, with unique micro- and macroporous orientation, was evaluated for bone regeneration applications. The fabricated scaffold showed high interconnected porosity, with an average compressive strength of 2.8±0.15 MPa, which is usually recommended for cancellous bone substitution. In vitro cytocompatibility studies were conducted using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The HyA-Gel-loaded BCP scaffold resulted in a significant increase in cell proliferation at 3 (p<0.05) and 7 days (p<0.001) and high alkaline phosphatase activities at 14 and 21 days. Furthermore, the in vivo studies showed that the implanted HyA-Gel-loaded BCP scaffold begins to degrade within 3 months after implantation. Histological sections also confirmed a rapid new bone formation and a high rate of collagen mineralization. A bone matrix formation was confirmed by positive immunohistochemistry staining of osteopontin, osteocalcin, and collagen type I. In vivo expression of extracellular matrix proteins demonstrated that this novel bone substitute holds great promise for use in stimulating new bone regeneration.
Electron spin resonance studies. Part XXV. Reactions of the sulphate radical anion with organic compounds (1970)

E.s.r. spectra are reported for the radicals obtained by the oxidation of a variety of organic compounds by the titanium(III)–persulphate redox system. Evidence is obtained that the sulphate radical anion is formed throughout the pH range employed (1–10·5) and that it can react with organic compounds in at least three ways: by abstracting a hydrogen atom from saturated carbon, by adding to unsaturated or aromatic carbon, and by removing one electron from carboxylate anions and from certain neutral molecules. It displays a marked degree of selectivity in its addition reactions and it behaves differently from the hydroxyl radical in several respects.
PEG-detachable and acid-labile cross-linked micelles based on orthoester linked graft copolymer for paclitaxel release (2011)

Polyethylene glycol detachable graft copolymer, mPEG-g-p(NAS-co-BMA), was synthesized by grafting 2-(ω-methoxy)PEGyl-1,3-dioxan-5-ylamine onto poly(N-(acryloyloxy)succinimide-co-butyl methacrylate). Pseudo in situ cross-linking of the mPEG-g-p(NAS-co-BMA) was performed in dimethylformamide phosphate buffer (v/v = 1/1) by an acid-labile diamine cross-linker bearing two symmetrical cyclic orthoesters. The cross-linked (CL) micelles with different contents of mPEG segments represented different morphologies. The CL micelles containing approximately one mPEG segment exhibited 'echini' morphology whereas the CL micelle with approximately three mPEG segments formed nanowires. The hydrolysis rate of the CL micelles is highly pH-dependent and much more rapid at mild acid than physiological conditions. Hydrolyzates of the CL micelles formed vesicles because new amphiphilic copolymers were formed. Paclitaxel (PTX) was successfully loaded into the CL micelles and a controlled and pH-dependent release behavior was observed. No obvious cytotoxicity was found for the CL micelles at concentration as high as 800 mg l( - 1).
The medical effects of non-lethal weapons - a review (2005)

Non-lethal weapons have seen increasing use in the police forces and, more recently, the military forces of various countries around the world. With increased use in military operations in areas such as Panama and Somalia, there is an increasing likelihood of military health service officers coming in contact with the medical effects of these weapon systems. This review summarises the physiological and psychological effects of these weapons, weapons which will be of increasing interest in the future. (author abstract)
Joie de Mort (2009)

Research Article| February 01 2009 Joie de Mort mark morton mark morton mark morton is the author of Cupboard Love: A Dictionary of Culinary Curiosities (Insomniac Press, 2004) and The Lover's Tongue: A Merry Romp through the Language of Love and Sex (Insomniac Press, 2003). He teaches at the University of Waterloo, Canada, where he specializes in early modern literature and learning and teaching through technology. More information about his books is available at www.wordhistories.com. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Gastronomica (2009) 9 (1): 9–11. https://doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2009.9.1.9 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation mark morton; Joie de Mort. Gastronomica 1 February 2009; 9 (1): 9–11. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2009.9.1.9 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentGastronomica Search This content is only available via PDF. ©© 2009 BY THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.2009 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Initiation of Transcription at the Human Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase Gene Promoter: A Novel Role for the TATA Binding Protein (1994)

Control of initiation of transcription of the human terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) gene was investigated by using an in vitro transcription assay. The precise contribution of discrete basal promoter elements to transcription initiation was determined by testing deletion and substitution mutations. The primary element, contained within the region spanning -34 to -14 bp relative to the transcription start site, accounted for 80% of basal promoter activity. TdT promoter activity required the sequence ACCCT at -24 to -20 bp since a dramatic decrease in transcription initiation was observed after mutation of this sequence, whereas mutation of the adjacent sequence from -32 to -25 bp did not alter promoter activity. The secondary element contained sequences surrounding the transcription start site and had 20% of promoter activity. Deletion of both elements completely abolished transcription initiation. Initiator characteristics of the secondary element were revealed by using the in vitro assay: promoter sequences at the transcription start site were sufficient to direct accurate initiation at a single site. Mutation of the sequence GGGTG spanning the transcription start site resulted in loss of transcription initiation. Both the primary and secondary elements were nonhomologous to corresponding regions from the mouse TdT gene promoter. While the human basal promoter functioned in the absence of TATA consensus sequences or GC-rich SP1 binding sites, it was dependent on active TFIID. In contrast to other TATA-less promoters, purified TATA binding protein substituted for the TFIID complex and restored promoter activity to TFIID-inactivated nuclear extracts.
CARBODIIMIDES: PART II. THE REACTION OF SULPHONIC ACIDS WITH CARBODIIMIDES. A NEW METHOD OF PREPARATION OF SULPHONIC ANHYDRIDES (1953)

Methane, benzene, and p-toluene sulphonic acids react instantaneously at room temperature with dicyclohexyl and di-p-tolyl carbodiimides to form the corresponding sulphonic anhydrides, VI, and disubstituted ureas, VII. The use of di-p-tolyl carbodiimide affords a convenient general method of preparation of sulphonic anhydrides.
Preparation and Some Properties of Amine Oxides Derived from Defined Ethylene Oxide Adducts (1986)

Preparation and Some Properties of Amine Oxides Derived from Defined Ethylene Oxide Adducts was published in VI. Internationale Tagung über Grenzflächenaktive Stoffe, Berlin, 22. bis 27. April 1985 on page 589.
Air and Gas Drilling (1956)

Abstract The San Juan Basin of Northwestern New Mexico gave the impetus to the drilling industry to extend the use of gas drilling. This in turn brought about extended use of compressed air as a drilling medium, especially in wildcatting. Many new drilling problems have developed with the advent of this type of drilling. Air drilling experiences have reached a point where problems such as water entry, crooked hole conditions, and the shortage of suitable air compressor equipment have at least partially been solved. Air drilling has opened an entirely new field for design and invention. Introduction and Review of the San Juan Operations The San Juan Basin of Northwestern New Mexico gave the oil and gas industry its first practical application for air drilling. This might be compared with the start the Rangely field in Colorado gave to the diamond bit. Since 1951, the El Paso Natural Gas Co. has completed 400 wells in this Basin using gas as a circulating medium. It is estimated that there are between 800 and 1,000 wells that have been gas-completed in this area. These wells were completed principally in the Mesa Verde formation of Cretaceous Age, which consists of 800 ft of interbedded sand, shales, and coal at an average depth of 5,000 ft. This gas formation has a very low porosity, low permeability, and a reservoir pressure of approximately 1,250 psi. This field would have been impossible to develop without gas drilling. Drilling mud completely blocked the producing formation and the only alternative, prior to gas drilling, had been cable tool operations. It often took five to eight weeks to drill the 800-ft Mesa Verde section. After shooting this section with as much as 2,300 qt of solidified nitroglycerin, the cleaning out process further increased the hazards of cable tool operations. Cable tool drilling in this formation brought about seemingly endless fishing jobs. It was not uncommon to have as many as three strings of tools in the hole at one time, and in a number of cases from one to two of these were left in the hole. Rarely was a Mesa Verde well completed without at least one fishing job.
Randomised clinical trial: simvastatin as adjuvant therapy improves significantly the <i><scp>H</scp>elicobacter pylori</i> eradication rate ‐ a placebo‐controlled study (2012)

In this randomised clinical trial simvastatin as adjuvant to standard therapy improves significantly the H. pylori eradication rate.