gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Gonadotropin Treatment Interval on Follicular Maturation, in Vitro Fertilization, Circulating Steroid Concentrations, and Subsequent Luteal Function in the Domestic Cat1 (1992)

The impact of the eCG-hCG interval on in vitro fertilization (IVF), endogenous hormonal patterns, and luteal integrity was studied in the domestic cat. Adult cats with inactive ovaries were given eCG (i.m.) and then hCG (i.m.) 80, 84, 88, 92, or 96 h later. Oocytes were aspirated 25-27 h after hCG and co-cultured with swim-up-processed cat spermatozoa. Blood samples were collected daily from 2 days before eCG treatment (Day -2) through Day 14, and sera were analyzed for estradiol-17 beta and progesterone. The mean number of oocytes recovered from the 80-92-h groups (range, 17.2 +/- 2.1 to 21.1 +/- 3.0) did not differ (p greater than 0.05); however, oocyte number was reduced (p less than 0.05) in the 96-h group (10.3 +/- 2.1). The proportion of all oocytes classified as mature was greater (p less than 0.05) when hCG was given 80, 84, or 88 h compared to 92 or 96 h after eCG. Delaying hCG treatment until 96 h caused more than 25% of all oocytes to degenerate, which was a greater rate (p less than 0.05) than in all other groups. The IVF rate at 80 (57.1%), 84 (56.5%), 88 (65.0%), and 92 (52.5%) h was greater (p less than 0.05) than that observed at 96 h (33.6%). Circulating estradiol-17 beta concentrations began to rise above nadir within 24 h of eCG injection in all interval groups. On the basis of areas under the curve, cats in the 80- and 84-h treatments produced more (p less than 0.05) estradiol-17 beta than other groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Analysis of the inter-area mode phenomenon in power systems following large disturbances (1991)

The authors analyze interarea mode phenomena in stressed power systems, following large disturbances. It is shown that the interarea mode phenomenon could occur as a result of a nonlinear interaction of the natural modes of oscillation in the system. A technique for determining the interaction is developed and the machines participating in the interaction are identified. A procedure for predicting the onset of the interarea mode is presented. The technique was tested on two realistic sample test systems: a 50 generator system and a 126 generator system. The results of this analysis indicate that the procedure can detect the onset of the interarea mode phenomenon and also detect the machines which participate in the interacting natural modes of oscillation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Figure-ground organization of 3D stimuli (2013)

Regions representing objects are called "figures" while "ground" typically refers to regions representing the background of the objects. An important difference between figures and ground is that the figure always has shape while the ground may not have shape. This difference is particularly obvious with natural 3D scenes. A 3D shape of an object does not change when an observer changes his viewing position or when the object is translated and rotated in the 3D space. This is different with 3D background whose geometry (and thus shape) changes when objects move relative to each other. Ability to see 3D shape as the same regardless of the viewing direction is called shape constancy. Can shape constancy be achieved with 3D empty space? We tested human performance in a shape constancy task with a 3D symmetrical rigid "object" and a 3D asymmetrical rigid empty "space". The subject memorized 3D shapes of two test stimuli in the first display and judged whether either of them was identical with the 3D shape of a response stimulus in the second display. The 3D shape of the response stimulus was rotated in depth by 15, 45 and 75 deg angles. The stimuli were viewed binocularly. In "object" condition, the stimulus was perceived as a 3D "polyhedron". In "space" condition, the stimulus was perceived as a 3D curve surrounding space between two polyhedral objects. The results show that the performance with "object" is substantially better than with "space". When the stimuli are shown in isolation (figure without ground or ground without figure), performance improves, especially in the "space" condition. This means that the visual system has the ability to extract the shape of a 3D rigid space between objects, but when objects are present they draw attention as figures away from ground. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2013
Chiral Organometallic Catalysts in Confined Nanospaces: Significantly Enhanced Enantioselectivity and Stability (2006)

Abstract This microreview presents some selected representative examples which demonstrate that significant improvement in the catalytic performance (increase in catalytic activity, stability and chemo‐ and enantioselectivity) of organometallic chiral catalysts as well as their recycling ability can be achieved by heterogenizing them in the confined spaces of porous or layered support materials. The positive effects of immobilization on the catalytic efficiencies are discussed in terms of the confinement effect and site‐isolation effect, etc., with the aim of understanding the extent to which such effects lead to positive changes in the catalytic properties. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Measurements of upper tropospheric moisture with a Raman lidar (1994)

We describe water vapor profile measurements made with the Sandia Raman lidar. The goal of this study is to determine the effect of convection on the upper tropospheric moisture budget. At present, considerable controversy exists over the nature of the vertical redistribution of water vapor in a changing climate, and particularly the distribution of water vapor in the upper troposphere. Although upper tropospheric moisture concentrations are several orders of magnitude lower than those near the surface, upper tropospheric moisture exerts an important influence on climate. On a per-molecule basis, greenhouse absorption due to water vapor is about one hundred times more effective at high altitudes than at low altitudes. Several one-dimensional radiative convective models have been used to demonstrate the importance of upper tropospheric moisture on climate. What these models show is that for a given fractional increase in water vapor at a given altitude the response or change in surface temperature is qualitatively the same. Understanding upper tropospheric moistening processes are therefore of prime importance in addressing the water vapor feedback question. The goal of this study is to determine the upper tropospheric moisture budget associated with convective events, and in particular to extend process models to higher altitudes than have been achieved previously.
Theoretical study of ethylene glycol synthesis in a reaction-rectification column (2006)

Principles of construction of a mathematical model of a reaction-rectification column for ethylene glycol synthesis are considered. Some specific features of the operation of the reaction-rectification column are analyzed. The correctness of the assumptions and limitations of the model is substantiated and the adequacy of the model is assessed.
Evaluation of pressure-redistributing replacement mattresses (1998)

This study examined four types of foam replacement hospital mattresses after three and a half years of general use in orthopaedic trauma and spinal surgery wards. Ten were examined to ascertain the condition of the cover and the foam in order to add to the body of knowledge about the life span of these mattresses. Only one mattress was in good condition; five were condemned at the time of inspection and four were recommended for early review because they showed signs of deterioration. It is clear that more objective evidence regarding the life span of hospital mattresses is required to assist with purchase decision-making.
Evolution of Vertebrate Limb Morphology (2013)

The vertebrate limb is an extraordinarily flexible structure that has evolved to accomplish a wide range of tasks in different taxa, from the grasping human hand, to the wing of the bat, the digging limb of the mole or the running leg of the horse. To understand the developmental basis for such diversity, we are focusing on the diverged morphology of the hindlimbs of jerboas, bipedal Asian rodents closely related to mice. These hindlimbs show a number of derived characteristics, including greatly increased size, altered allometric growth of individual elements (such as the metatarsals which are extended to a length similar to that of the femur or tibia); fusion of elements, and reduction in number of digits. We have found that changes in relative growth of the skeletal elements are achieved, to a large extent, by modulating the size of the individual hypertrophic cells in the developing growth plate, a multi‐phasic process involving cell swelling as well as proportional cell growth. It is the final phase of proportional mass increase, an IGF1‐dependent step, that appears to be modulated evolutionarily as skeletal element size is varied. Decrease in digit number has also been investigated in these animals. The normal set of five digit primordia appear to be specified in the jerboa hindlimbs as they are in the mouse. However, the lateral digits are lost through an expansion of cell death, regulated by Msx2 and Bmp4. A similar mechanism appears to have been used in the evolution of the single central digit of the horse.
OBJECTIVE CELL IMAGE ANALYSIS (1972)

A system of computer programs processes digitized images of cells. The gray value arrays are considered as a two-dimensionally extended stochastic process. Supervised learning is employed to estimate the parameters of this process in different cell types, to derive classification algorithms and to compute a likelihood for correct classification for each cell. These were found to range from 10:1 to 10 6 :1 for tumor cells from the female genital tract. A data bank for tumor cells has been established. Nonsupervised learning algorithms are used to examine sets of cells for homogeneity. Synthesized cell images of known stochastic properties can be generated to test the completeness of the derived classification rules. Under development are programs defining the changes observable in images of a given cell type during a disease process, by the deformation of the covariance matrix of image properties.
Development of a Robotic Assembly for Analyzing the Instantaneous Axis of Rotation of the Foot Ankle Complex (2016)

Ankle instantaneous axis of rotation (IAR) measurements represent a more complete parameter for characterizing joint motion. However, few studies have implemented this measurement to study normal, injured, or pathological foot ankle biomechanics. A novel testing protocol was developed to simulate aspects of in vivo foot ankle mechanics during mid-stance gait in a human cadaveric specimen. A lower leg was mounted in a robotic testing platform with the tibia upright and foot flat on the baseplate. Axial tibia loads (ATLs) were controlled as a function of a vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) set at half body weight (356 N) and a 50% vGRF (178 N) Achilles tendon load. Two specimens were repetitively loaded over 10 degrees of dorsiflexion and 20 degrees of plantar flexion. Platform axes were controlled within 2 microns and 0.008 degrees resulting in ATL measurements within ±2 N of target conditions. Mean ATLs and IAR values were not significantly different between cycles of motion, but IAR values were significantly different between dorsiflexion and plantar flexion. A linear regression analysis showed no significant differences between slopes of plantar flexion paths. The customized robotic platform and advanced testing protocol produced repeatable and accurate measurements of the IAR, useful for assessing foot ankle biomechanics under different loading scenarios and foot conditions.
The effect of viscoelastic absorption on the fast and slow wave modes in cancellous bone (2015)

Two longitudinal wave modes (called fast and slow wave modes) have been shown to propagate in cancellous bone. In this study, the effect of viscoelasticity on this two-wave phenomenon was investigated using a 3-D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method accounting for viscoelastic phenomena. The results show that the amplitude of the slow wave increases when the viscoelasticity in bone increase, while the opposite behavior was obtained for the fast wave.
Structural Changes in Phosphatidylserine Salts by Hydration and Addition of Calcium Ion (1993)

Hydrations and phase transitions of ammonium, sodium and potassium salts of phosphatidylserines (PS) were investigated by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The increase in long spacings for NH 4 + -PS by addition of water was slightly smaller than those for the other PS salts, implying that a small amount of water penetrated into the hydrocarbon regions. The long spacings for PS salts and water system were reduced by addition of CaCl 2 . A mixture of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and PS in KCl aqueous solution gave a long spacing of 59 Å, while it separated into two long spacings at 65 and 55 Å in 1 mol CaCl 2 solution. This SAXS result shows that Ca 2+ ion induces not only two dimensional, but three dimensional phase separation of the mixture of PC and PS. The phase transition temperature of the anhydrous NH 4 + -PS was lowest among those of the three PS salts, but fully hydrated NH 4 + -PS had the highest transition temperature among them.
Prediction of Wing Structural Mass for Transport Category Aircraft Conceptual Design (2015)

This paper describes the development of statistical semi-empirical relationships to help estimate the structural weight of wings, applicable to conventionally configured transport category aircraft design. These models are based upon a wing primary structure weight derived from an optimizing beam-element formulation. The underlying beam-element method sizes primary structure based upon “envelope” inertial and aerodynamic loads arising from maneuvering flight and hard-landing conditions. It sizes structure cognizant of tensile yield, compression yield, compression buckling of the skins and compression buckling limitations of integrally stiffened wing covers. Because our primary structural weights are based upon physical geometry we capture “real world” design effects that escape lower order physics based and purely empirical methods. Our trends differ substantially on many accounts from those “famous” wing weight regressions based upon simple strength concerns.
Dynamic storyboards for video content summarization (2006)

We propose an innovative, general purpose, approach to the selection and hierarchical representation of key frames of a video sequence for video summarization. In the first stage the shot detection module performs the video structural analysis; in the second stage the key frame extraction module creates the visual summary; and the last stage the summary post-processing module, after a pre-a classification aimed remove meaningless key frames, create a multilevel storyboard that the user may browse.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF 1,3‐DIPHENYL‐2‐METHYL‐1,3‐OXAZOLIUM‐5‐OLATE WITH α,β‐UNSATURATED 1,4‐DICARBONYL COMPOUNDS (1977)

Abstract Aus dem 1,3‐Oxazolium‐5‐olat (I) und dem Cyclopentadien‐chinon‐Addukt (II) entsteht die Verbindung (IIIa), die mit Diazomethan zu (IIIb) verestert wird.
The need for greater involvement of regulatory agencies in assessing adverse drug reactions. (2000)

Before a new drug is licensed for clinical use its efficacy and safety are rigorously assessed by government regulatory agencies. Summaries of results are not accepted by these agencies, and the simple submission of a manuscript, published in even the most prestigious of journals, will not suffice.
Structure and evolution of the Adh genes of Drosophila mojavensis. (1988)

The nucleotide sequence of the Adh region of Drosophila mojavensis has been completed and the region found to contain a pseudogene, Adh-2 and Adh-1 arranged in that order. Comparison of the sequence divergence of these genes to one another and to the Adh region of Drosophila mulleri and other species has allowed the development of a model for the evolution of the duplication of the Adh genes. There have been two major events. An initial duplication of an Adh gene whose dual promoter structure was similar to Drosophila melanogaster, resulted in a species with two Adh genes, one of which may have had only a proximal promoter. A second duplication of this gene generated an Adh region containing three genes. It is proposed that one of these is the ancestral gene having dual promoters, while the other two possess only proximal promoters. Subsequent events have resulted in both a change in the regulation of Adh-2 such that it is expressed as if it had a "distal" type promoter and the mutational inactivation of the most upstream gene resulting in the creation of a pseudogene. The sequence of the D. mojavensis Adh region has also revealed the presence of an element which is composed of juxtaposed inverted imperfectly repeated elements. There is a surprising and not fully explainable strong similarity of the nucleotide sequence of the 5' flanking region of the pseudogene in D. mojavensis and D. mulleri.
An Escherichia coli MutY Mutant without the Six-helix Barrel Domain Is a Dimer in Solution and Assembles Cooperatively into Multisubunit Complexes with DNA (2004)

Escherichia coli MutY is an adenine and weak guanine DNA glycosylase involved in reducing the mutagenic effects of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (GO). MutY contains three structural domains: an iron-sulfur module, a six-helix barrel module with the helix-hairpin-helix motif, and a C-terminal domain. Here, we demonstrate that the mutant MutY(Delta26-134), which lacks the six-helix barrel domain, cannot complement the mutator phenotype of a mutY mutant in vivo. However, the mutant can still bind DNA and has weak catalytic activity at high enzyme concentrations. The mutant is a dimer in solution and assembled into two and multiple (up to five) complexes with 20- and 44-bp DNA fragments, respectively, in a concentration-dependent manner. Higher order complexes with DNA substrates containing A/GO mismatches were formed at lower protein concentrations than with the A/G mismatch and homoduplex DNA. Measurement of equilibrium binding using fluorescence anisotropy showed that the mutant protein retains some specificity for A/GO-containing DNA substrates and that the binding event is highly cooperative. This is consistent with the MutY structure determined, which indicates that GO specificity is contributed by both the six-helix barrel and C-terminal domains. The nonspecific binding of MutY(Delta26-134) to DNA suggests a model in which the specific binding of mismatched DNA by MutY involves sequential interactions, in which one MutY molecule scans the DNA and enhances binding of another MutY molecule to the A/GO mismatch.
Width and Variation of the ENA Flux Ribbon Observed by the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (2009)

The dominant feature in Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) sky maps of heliospheric energetic neutral atom (ENA) flux is a ribbon of enhanced flux that extends over a broad range of ecliptic latitudes and longitudes. It is narrow (approximately 20 degrees average width) but long (extending over 300 degrees in the sky) and is observed at energies from 0.2 to 6 kilo-electron volts. We demonstrate that the flux in the ribbon is a factor of 2 to 3 times higher than that of the more diffuse, globally distributed heliospheric ENA flux. The ribbon is most pronounced at approximately 1 kilo-electron volt. The average width of the ribbon is nearly constant, independent of energy. The ribbon is likely the result of an enhancement in the combined solar wind and pickup ion populations in the heliosheath.
Conceptual frameworks for the development of CSCW Systems (1999)

Models and theories concerning cooperation have long been recognised as an important aid in the development of Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) systems. However, there is no consensus regarding the set of concepts and abstractions that should underlie such models and theories. Furthermore, common patterns are hard to discern in different models and theories. This paper analyses a number of existing models and theories, and proposes a generic conceptual framework based on the strengths and commonalities of these models. We analyse five different developments, viz., Coordination Theory, Activity Theory, Task Manager model, Action/Interaction Theory and Object-Oriented Activity Support model, to propose a generic model based on four key concepts common to these developments, viz. activity, actor, information and service.
Allylic Bromination of Anhydrodihydroartemisinin and of Its 10‐Trifluoromethyl Analogue: A New Access to 16‐Substituted Artemisinin Derivatives. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pathobiological Implications of MUC16 Expression in Pancreatic Cancer (2011)

MUC16 (CA125) belongs to a family of high-molecular weight O-glycosylated proteins known as mucins. While MUC16 is well known as a biomarker in ovarian cancer, its expression pattern in pancreatic cancer (PC), the fourth leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States, remains unknown. The aim of our study was to analyze the expression of MUC16 during the initiation, progression and metastasis of PC for possible implication in PC diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. In this study, a microarray containing tissues from healthy and PC patients was used to investigate the differential protein expression of MUC16 in PC. MUC16 mRNA levels were also measured by RT-PCR in the normal human pancreatic, pancreatitis, and PC tissues. To investigate its expression pattern during PC metastasis, tissue samples from the primary pancreatic tumor and metastases (from the same patient) in the lymph nodes, liver, lung and omentum from Stage IV PC patients were analyzed. To determine its association in the initiation of PC, tissues from PC patients containing pre-neoplastic lesions of varying grades were stained for MUC16. Finally, MUC16 expression was analyzed in 18 human PC cell lines. MUC16 is not expressed in the normal pancreatic ducts and is strongly upregulated in PC and detected in pancreatitis tissue. It is first detected in the high-grade pre-neoplastic lesions preceding invasive adenocarcinoma, suggesting that its upregulation is a late event during the initiation of this disease. MUC16 expression appears to be stronger in metastatic lesions when compared to the primary tumor, suggesting a role in PC metastasis. We have also identified PC cell lines that express MUC16, which can be used in future studies to elucidate its functional role in PC. Altogether, our results reveal that MUC16 expression is significantly increased in PC and could play a potential role in the progression of this disease.
Acousto-optic RF signal acquisition system (1990)

This paper describes the architecture and performance of a prototype Acousto-Optic RF Signal Acquisition System designed to intercept, automatically identify, and track communication signals in the VHF band. The system covers 28.0 to 92.0 MHz with five manually selectable, dual conversion; 12.8 MHZ bandwidth front ends. An acousto-optic spectrum analyzer (AOSA) implemented using a tellurium dioxide (Te02) Bragg cell is used to channelize the 12.8 MHz pass band into 512 25 KHz channels. Polarization switching is used to suppress optical noise. Excellent isolation and dynamic range are achieved by using a linear array of 512 custom 40/50 micron fiber optic cables to collect the light at the focal plane of the AOSA and route the light to individual photodetectors. The photodetectors are operated in the photovoltaic mode to compress the greater than 60 dB input optical dynamic range into an easily processed electrical signal. The 512 signals are multiplexed and processed as a line in a video image by a customized digital image processing system. The image processor simultaneously analyzes the channelized signal data and produces a classical waterfall display.