gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Factors for evaluating factory automation projects – inferences from an Indian survey (1995)

Globally, manufacturing facilities are constantly being upgraded in order to provide competitive advantages. Parunndekar observes that Indian manufacturing firms have recognized the importance of automating their production systems to meet the challenges posed by the pluralistic market. However, adoption of such automation projects involves large investments and a strategic management style. Meredith and Suresh state that any financial investment in economic activities requires a justification for the purpose of committing capital. The introduction of automation projects (AP) can, and many would say should, include changes in the prevailing management style and in the organizational culture of a firm. Thus, the decision‐making process with regard to the selection of AP is quite complex, because the commercial success of the firm is highly dependent on the mechanics of such a process. In addition to the obvious quantitative benefits accruing from the introduction of AP, they can offer a large number of qualitative (intangible) benefits. Datta et al. observed that these are generally difficult to quantify. Researchers have attempted to convert the relative importance of qualitative benefits into priority weights (PW) for procedures involving the selection and evaluation of AP. Mohanty states that project selection and evaluation involve decisions that are critical to the profitability, growth and survival of the manufacturing firm in the increasingly competitive global scenario. Such decisions are complex and require analysis of tangible and intangible attributes.
Cannabinoid agonist-induced sensitisation to morphine place preference in mice (2004)

The influence of the endocannabinoid system on the sensitisation to the rewarding effects of morphine in the place conditioning paradigm was evaluated. In mice pretreated with morphine this drug induces place preference with lower doses. Pretreatment with non-rewarding doses of the cannabinoid agonist WIN 55,212-2 (0.5 and 1 mg/kg) induces sensitisation to the rewarding effects of morphine. However, the pretreatment with the cannabinoid antagonist SR 144716A plus morphine or WIN 55,212-2 blocks it. Our results suggest the existence of cross-talk between cannabinoids and opiates on the sensitisation to morphine and the implication of the endocannabinoid system in the process of sensitisation to opiates.
Heuristics for Balancing Turbine Fans (2000)

We develop heuristics for a problem that models the static balancing of turbine fans: load point masses at regularly spaced positions on the periphery of a circle so that the residual unbalance about the center—which corresponds to the axis of rotation of the fan—is as small as possible. We give worst-case guarantees for our heuristics in terms of residual unbalance. For the case of an even number of blades, we show that one of our heuristics provides the same worst-case guarantee (with respect to the ideal of perfect balance) as does total enumeration. Furthermore, computational tests show that our heuristics are orders of magnitude faster and not far from optimum on average.
Changes in structure and electronic state from<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>60</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>fullerene to amorphous diamond (1995)

Changes in electronic state and structure from ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ fullerene to amorphous diamond under shock compression were examined by electron energy-loss spectroscopy and electron diffractometry for the recovered samples from the 50 to 55 GPa compressions. Three transient states were distinguished. In the first transient state, the fcc structure was almost unchanged, and the \ensuremath{\pi} plasmon was prohibited owing to decreasing intercluster distance. In the second state, the basic stacking structure of clusters was barely retained, and intercluster bondings were generated. In the third state, the fullerene structure collapsed to be amorphous, while ${\mathit{sp}}^{3}$ bonding was partly produced. Finally, complete ${\mathit{sp}}^{3}$ bonds were entirely reproduced, whereas the diamond structure in the long-range order was not reconstructed.
Response Surface Optimization of Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) of Phycocyanin from Microalgae Spirulina platensis (2016)

Phycocyanin extracted from Spirulina platenis has been linked to many food colorant and health applications. The extraction of this compound by using conventional method resulted low yield and longer processing time. This research was aimed to determine optimum process conditions of ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) of phycocyanin compound from microalgae Spirulina platensis. The response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to search UAE optimum conditions among set of variables: temperature (T=30-60oC), time (20-50 min) and frequency (28-42 Hz). The result showed that under unoptimized conditions, the yield of phycocyanin extracted by conventional method was 11.13 % while ultrasound could increase the yield up to 13.61 %. The optimization by using RSM showed that the maximum yield was achieved at 15.7 % and EC50 of 85.78 g/mL at temperature of 52.5oC, extraction time of 42 min and ultrasound frequency of 42 Hz. The conclusion of this research was ultrasound could improve significantly the efficiency of extraction of phycocyanin from microalgae and the obtained optimal conditions can be potentially scaled up to isolate phycocyanin for large production in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
수소환원에 의해 제조된 W - Cu 복합분말의 분말 특성 (1992)

An investigation has been performed to find the optimum production route for producing microhomogenous W-Cu composite powder by hydrogen reduction of WO₃-CuO oxide mixture. The optimum reduction condition was determined not only by TG and X-ray diffraction analysis of the phase decomposition occuring during reduction of WO₃-CuO mixture but also by investigating the powder characteristics and the mixing homogeneity of coreduced W-Cu powder. As a result, two stage reduction process has been established, consisting of the stepwise isothermal heat treatment at low (200℃∼300℃) and high temperatures(800℃). The experimental results revealed that the two stage reduction process is more effective than the one stage process for improving the refinement and the mixing homogeneity of W -Cu powder. This is mainly due to the fact chat tile first step isothermal reduction heating at low temperature efficiently inhibits Cu segregation and minimize the formation of W-Cu aggregates due to sintering of Cu powder.
Developing a High Performance GPGPU Compiler Using Cetus (2011)

In this paper we present our experience in developing an optimizing compiler for general purpose computation on graphics processing units (GPGPU) based on the Cetus compiler framework. The input to our compiler is a naive GPU kernel procedure, which is functionally correct but without any consideration for performance optimization. Our compiler applies a set of optimization techniques to the naive kernel and generates the optimized GPU kernel. The implementation of our compiler is facilitated with the Cetus infrastructure. The code transformation in the Cetus compiler framework is called a pass. We classify all the passes used in our work into two categories: functional passes and optimization passes. The functional passes translate input kernels into desired intermediate representation, which can clearly represent memory access patterns and thread configurations. The CUDA language support pass is derived from MCUDA. A series of optimization passes improve the performance of the kernels by adapting the kernels to the GPGPU architecture. Our experiments show that the optimized code achieves very high performance, either superior or very close to highly fine-tuned libraries.
Value of ultrasonographic scores in the clinical evaluation of rheumatoid arthritis (2016)

Objective
To explore the value of ultrasonographic US7 scores in clinical evaluation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, by comparing US7 scores in RA patients with different disease activities.


Methods
US7 scores of 133 patients in different active stages of RA were measured and evaluated by using color Doppler ultrasonography. Then, its relationship with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), anti-CCP antibody, HAQ, DAS28 and other indicators was analyzed statistically.


Results
(1)Significant differences could be seen in the US7 scores of the patients with severe active RA, as compared with those of the patients with stable, mild and moderate active RA(7.0 VS 0, 7.0 VS 1.0, 7.0 VS 2.0, 7.0 VS 3.0)(P<0.05). Ultrasonographic US7 scores were positively correlated with DAS28 and HAQ.(2)US7 revealed that synovitis gray scale (GS) scores accounted for the highest (63.1%), while synovitis blood flow signal (PD) scores, tenosynovitis GS scores, tenosynovitis PD scores and bone destruction scores accounted for(18.3%), (7.2%), (4.3%) and (6.9%) respectively. The most easily affected site in synovitis was dorsal wrist synovium (82.7%), followed by volar MCP II synovium (53.3%). The most easily affected site in tenosynovitis was the dorsal wrist joint (15.8%), followed by the dorsal MCPII (15.7%). In bone destruction, the most easily affected site was ulnar MTPV (33.8%), with radialis MCPII (24.1%) being the second.


Conclusions
Ultrasonographic US7 scores could effectively reflect the disease activity in RA patients, and it was of good value to those with severe active RA. In US7 scores, the rate of synovitis was significantly higher than those of tenosynovitis and bone destruction, and the most easily affected site was dorsal wrist joint and palmar MCPII. Clinically, more attention should be paid to the changes in these two joints.


Key words: 
Arthritis; Rheumatoid; Ultrasonography; Ultrasound score
Ex vivo biomechanical characterization of syringe-needle ejections for intracerebral cell delivery (2018)

Intracerebral implantation of cell suspensions is finding its clinical translation with encouraging results in patients with stroke. However, the survival of cells in the brain remains poor. Although the biological potential of neural stem cells (NSCs) is widely documented, the biomechanical effects of delivering cells through a syringe-needle remain poorly understood. We here detailed the biomechanical forces (pressure, shear stress) that cells are exposed to during ejection through different sized needles (20G, 26G, 32G) and syringes (10, 50, 250 µL) at relevant flow rates (1, 5, 10 µL/min). A comparison of 3 vehicles, Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS), Hypothermosol (HTS), and Pluronic, indicated that less viscous vehicles are favorable for suspension with a high cell volume fraction to minimize sedimentation. Higher suspension viscosity was associated with greater shear stress. Higher flow rates with viscous vehicle, such as HTS reduced viability by ~10% and also produced more apoptotic cells (28%). At 5 µL/min ejection using a 26G needle increased neuronal differentiation for PBS and HTS suspensions. These results reveal the biological impact of biomechanical forces in the cell delivery process. Appropriate engineering strategies can be considered to mitigate these effects to ensure the efficacious translation of this promising therapy.
Human thymocytes become lineage committed at an early postselection CD69+ stage, before the onset of functional maturation (1997)

Mature functional CD4 or CD8 single positive (SP) thymocytes differentiate from immature CD4+ 8+ double positive (DP) precursors through a process of positive selection and terminal differentiation. To study CD4/CD8 lineage commitment, human postselection CD69+ thymocytes were separated into distinct subpopulations based on the differential expression of CD27, CD1, and CD45RA/RO. We demonstrate that these CD69+ subpopulations represent transitional stages of a common differentiation pathway during which CD69+ thymocytes that are initially CD27- CD1+ CD45RA- will sequentially up-regulate CD27, down-regulate CD1, and eventually acquire CD45RA upon maturation. Examination of CD4 and CD8 expression on these CD69+ subsets identified an early postselection CD69+ CD27- CD4SP population that gives rise to both CD4SP and CD8SP mature T cells when cultured in mouse thymus organs. In addition, a CD4+ 8+ DP population was identified that is CD69+ and CD27+, which only gives rise to CD8SP progeny upon culture. Although these results suggest that development of CD4SP and CD8SP cells may proceed through distinct intermediates, examination of active biosynthesis of CD4 and CD8 by the various subsets demonstrated that cells that have selectively terminated CD4 synthesis are already present in the CD27- CD4SP and CD27+ DP populations before culture. These data support a model of thymocyte differentiation whereby the decision of thymocytes to differentiate into one or the other lineage occurs concomitantly with, or very soon after, acquisition of CD69 and before the cells acquire CD27, down-regulate CD1, or acquire functional properties.
Threshold-Based Admission Control Policies for Multimedia Servers (1996)

Traditional admission control algorithms for on-demand multimedia servers concern the acceptance decisions for new clients' requests so as to guarantee that continuous services to all clients are executed. These algorithms determine whether a new client can be accepted, based on the consideration whether the underlying hardware can satisfy the quality of service (QoS) requirements of admitted client requests. In this paper, we consider a richer class of admission control algorithms that make acceptance/rejection decisions not only to satisfy the hardware requirements of client requests but also to optimize the reward of the system based on a performance criterion as it services clients of different priority classes. We divide the server capacity into a number of ‘priority threshold values’ based on which the system decides whether to accept clients of different priority classes dynamically in order to maximize the system value. The resulting threshold-based admission control algorithm is developed based on the idea that admission control can be driven not only by hardware requirements, but also by knowledge regarding the workload characteristics of client requests, thus allowing the system to adjust dynamically the threshold values in response to changes in client workload characteristics. We derive a close-form expression for the value which the system can obtain when operating under the threshold-based algorithm as a function of model parameters, and discuss how the server can utilize the analytical solution at run time so as to maximize the system value dynamically without violating clients' continuity requirements.
A Water Velocity Sensor for the Measurement of Three Dimensional Turbulence (1979)

This paper discusses the Mk IV version of the original three-dimensional drag sphere velocity probe developed jointly by staff at the National Water Research Institute and Canadian industry. The sensor is intended for field turbulence studies; it has a bandwidth of 75 Hz and a spatial resolution of 27 cm at a SNR (on a turbulent length scale) of 10. The performance of this latest improved version is evaluated on the basis of the results obtained from various tests and calibrations performed with static forces and in the Canada Centre for Inland Waters' towing tank facility. Force, flow and temperature sensitivity coefficients are presented and discussed. Flow vector measurement errors resulting from residual, second-order non-linearities are minimized by the redundancy of the defining transfer function equations. Work is currently in progress to further reduce these residual effects. Nevertheless, this sensor provides a useful measurement capability for the oceanographic and limnological communities.
Vestibular Reactions Associated with Minocycline (1975)

Several recent reports have indicated that minocycline, a drug effective for meningococcal disease prophylaxis, is associated with a high incidence of vestibular side effects. In January 1975, a questionnaire on adverse reactions was completed by all 29 staff members of a North Georgia hospital who had taken minocycline at the recommended dosage after exposure to a suspected meningococcal meningitis case and by 25 age-, sex-, and occupation-matched non-treated controls. In the treated group 86% experienced moderate to severe vestibular symptoms; 84% of the symptomatic persons experienced their onset after one or two doses of 100 mg. Fifty-two percent of the treated staff members stopped taking the medication because of these effects. The symptoms resolved within 48 h after affected persons discontinued the medication. Until the safety of minocycline can be reestablished, rifampin is recommended for meningococcal disease prophylaxis, and alternative drugs are encouraged for other indications.
Annelated furans. XVIII. The photocyclization of 2-methoxyphenyl phenyl ethers (1975)

Irradiation of the polyfunctional 2-methoxyphenyl phenyl ethers obtained by degradation of lichen depsidones results in the formation of dibenzofurans by ring closure involving elimination of the elements of methanol. In contrast, simply substituted methoxyphenyl phenyl ethers underwent rearrangement on irradiation and produced hydroxybiphenyls. A mechanistic rationalization of these results has been proposed which invokes the initial formation of a diradical species upon irradiation. The formation of a stable product from this diradical intermediate can then be achieved by a variety of reaction pathways.
Über die Kondensation von 4‐Vinylpyridin und 2‐Methyl‐6‐vinylpyridin mit primären und sekundären Aminen (1956)

Abstract Es wird das Verhalten des 4‐Vinylpyridins und 2‐Methyl‐6‐vinylpyridins gegenüber aliphatischen, aromatischen und heterocyclischen Aminen, sowie Hexamethylendiamin, untersucht, und zwar sowohl gegenüber sekundären als auch primären Aminen. Beide Vinylpyridine erwiesen sich als besonders reaktionsfreudig. 4‐Vinylpyridin zeigte in einer Anzahl der untersuchten Fälle besondere Neigung zur Polymerisation, so daß es nicht zu einer Anlagerungsreaktion kam.
Development of more precise and efficient antibodies for cancer targeting: Membrane associated form specific anti-mesothelin antibodies and CAR as an example. (2016)

Antibody based immune treatment is a promising component of cancer therapy. To date there are more than 30 approved monoclonal antibodies for cancer therapy. More than 350 antibodies are also in different phases of clinical development. Mesothelin is one of the most promising targets for immunotherapy. It is present at relatively low levels in mesothelial cells of the pleura, peritoneum and pericardium of healthy individuals, but is highly expressed in a number of different cancers, including mesotheliomas, stomach cancers, squamous cell carcinomas, as well as prostate, pancreatic, lung, and ovarian cancers. Mesothelin is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked glycoprotein synthesized as a 69 kDa precursor and proteolytically processed into a 30 kDa NH2-terminal secreted form (formerly referred to as Megakaryocyte Potentiating Factor (MPF)) and a 40 kDa membrane-bound form. Besides that it can be cleaved by a protease leading to the production of a soluble, shedded, form of mesothelin. It has already been shown that this soluble form of mesothelin acts as a ligand and neutralizes the mesothelin targeting therapeutic antibodies. Therefore antibodies could not reach cancer cells and remained inefficient. In our work we decided to develop discriminating antibodies specific to a membrane associated form so as to overcome the antagonism produced by soluble forms of mesothelin. To this aim we used a novel method of mouse immunization, in which we first tolerized the mouse with soluble mesothelin before immunization with mesothelin expressing cells. By using phage display technology we obtained nearly 150 mesothelin recognizing clones in 34 VH-CDR3 families, among which we identified only 2 families that bind membrane mesothelin with high affinity and do not recognize any other soluble form of mesothelin. Here we suggest that this Fab can be effective candidates to be used for mesothelin expressing cancer therapy being allowed to pass through the soluble mesothelin barrier. To show their efficacy for therapeutic use we constructed a CAR with the sc-Fv of a membrane-form discriminating antibody
The LEAP load and test driver (1976)

LEAP is a facility for testing interactive applications that are implemented on IBM System/360 and System/370 computers; it simulates concurrently the actions of several IBM 3270-type terminals and of their operators. LEAP allows one to organize, in a systematic and efficient fashion, a large-scale, repeatable testing program for such an interactive application system. LEAP is one of the tools of the Programmer's Work-bench. It operates under the UNIX Time Sharing System; all test preparation, testing, and test analysis is performed at a UNIX terminal. LEAP can be used for both regression (functional) testing and load (stress and performance) testing. Several post-test analysis tools are provided.
GIS Applications for Water, Wastewater, and Stormwater Systems (2005)

Professionals involved in the planning, design, operation, and construction of water, wastewater, and stormwater systems need to understand the productivity-enhancing applications of GIS. Inspired by an ASCE-sponsored continuing education course taught by the author, GIS Applications for Water, Wastewater, and Stormwater Systems focuses on t
HYPERVELOCITY IMPACT EXPERIMENTS (1964)

Abstract : This final report describes the experimental results of a program, 'Hypervelocity Impact Experiments,' to investigate the vulnerability of multiple sheet thin target assemblies to hypervelocity projectiles impacting at both normal and oblique angles. This study of penetration, perforation and spalling was conducted using an accelerated-reservoir light-gas gun to launch projectiles to velocities ranging from 5000 fps to 25,500 fps. Projectile incident angles ranged from 90 degrees (normal) to 10 degrees. Target damage was evaluated in terms of hold area, depth of penetration and affected area. Damage was correlated with impact velocity, impact angle, projectile variables, and target variables. (Author)
Silicon-Microemulsions-Konzentrate / Silicone Microemulsion Concentrates (1993)

The technology of silicone microemulsion concentrates eliminates for the first time the use of organic solvents in the hydrophobic impregnation of mineral building materials and coatings, in coating-priming and in wall-drying by drill hole injection. Water-based silicone microemulsions meet the requirements such as effectiveness, durability, aplication, toxicity and ecology. The use of water instead of organic solvents and the modern concentrate technique make an effective contribution to environmental protection.
SNP-SNP interactions in breast cancer susceptibility (2006)

The importance of these pathways and their communication in breast cancer predisposition has been emphasized previously, but their biological interactions through SNPs have not been described. The strategy used here has the potential to identify complex biological links among breast cancer genes and processes. This will provide novel biological information, which will ultimately improve breast cancer risk management.
美国《信息公开法》略论 (2008)

美国1966年通过的《信息公开法》（FOIA）急剧地扩大了公众获得由联邦政府掌控的文件和信息的权利。该法是由其他制成法、规章和行政命令所构筑的复杂网络的一部分。其基本目的就是最大程度地公开政府信息：除了九种例外情况以外，所有“机构”都要保证“任何人”都可利用所有“文档”，而此前，信息公开一般都属于相关机构的自由裁量权。在执行方面，该法极为倚重司法系统，由法官就是否公开信息的争议作出最终裁决。“9·11”事件的爆发和网络时代的到来，来自美国国土安全的压力对该法的实施提出了新的挑战。