gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural and Functional Alterations of Neuromuscular Junctions in NCAM-Deficient Mice (2000)

The role of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in the development and maturation of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) was explored by characterizing structurally and functionally NMJs from postnatal day 11 (P11) to P30 +/+, +/-, and -/- NCAM null mutant mice. Differences in NCAM levels resulted in alterations in the size and shape of NMJs, with -/- NMJs being smaller. Additionally both the withdrawal of polyneuronal innervation and the selective accumulation of synaptic vesicle protein in the presynaptic terminal were delayed. These observations suggest that the bidirectional signaling responsible for these events is impaired at -/- NMJs. Functionally, miniature end plate potential size, end plate potential size, and quantal content did not differ from that of wild type under either normal or low release conditions. However at normal release conditions, -/- NMJs, unlike +/+ NMJs, lacked paired-pulse facilitation. The most striking abnormality was the inability of NCAM null junctions to maintain transmitter output with repetitive stimuli. Combined electrophysiological and FM1-43-labeling studies suggest that NCAM null junctions are unable either to dock or to mobilize a sufficient number of vesicles at high but physiological rates of transmitter release. Taken together our observations show that many aspects of transmission are normal and, thus, that many presynaptic and postsynaptic molecules have assembled properly in the absence of NCAM. However, the fact that NCAM was required for specific aspects of transmission, including paired-pulse facilitation and reliable transmission with repetitive stimuli, suggests that NCAM either is directly involved in these processes or is required for the proper organization and/or function of other molecules underlying these processes.
Inter‐Electrode Distance and Breakdown Voltage in Low Pressure Argon Discharges (2012)

Abstract This work deals with the Paschen law in electrical breakdown of gases at pd values around the Paschen minimum. From the Townsend model, it is possible to deduce theoretical forms of the coefficients in Paschen's law, of which our calculated values are in the range of the tabulated values from the literature. These formulae show that the breakdown voltage must be influenced by the inter‐electrode distance, while the product pd remains a key parameter. This is confirmed by the Paschen curves measured in an argon discharge for inter‐electrode distances varying from 2 to 9 cm (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Regeneration of sensory-motor synapses in the spinal cord of the bullfrog (1984)

Sensory fibers innervating muscles in the arm of the bullfrog form specific patterns of monosynaptic connections with motoneurons in the spinal cord. We show here that these normal patterns are re-established after interruption of the second dorsal root (DR2) in tadpoles and postmetamorphic frogs. DR2 was either cut or crushed, and 2 to 8 months later the extent and specificity of regeneration were assessed anatomically and physiologically. Horseradish peroxidase labeling of DR2 showed that sensory afferents had regenerated back into the spinal cord to form local arborizations, as in the normal adult. However, few long-tract fibers in the dorsal columns regenerated. Intracellular recording from different classes of motoneurons at the level of DR2 revealed that triceps muscle sensory afferents had regenerated to form functionally appropriate synapses. As in the normal adult, stimulation of the triceps nerves elicited larger monosynaptic EPSPs in triceps motoneurons than in non-triceps motoneurons. Thus, in the central nervous system of the bullfrog, specific monosynaptic connections are re-formed within the region of local regeneration.
Optical properties of Er-doped GaN (2007)

Resumen en: Optical properties of Er (Erbium)-doped GaN epilayers have been investigated using photoluminescence (PL). Various doses of Er ions were implanted on Ga...
Modeling Thermal Effects on Wellbore Stability (2010)

Field evidence indicates that the thermal regime in wellbore considerably affects the wellbore stability in directional and horizontal wells. However, the temperature effects have not been investigated thoroughly in existing literature, and the effects of drilling fluid flow and various heat sources on the behavior of formation temperature profiles during different operations are often neglected. The affected formation temperature in the vicinity of the wellbore could result in different formation rock behaviors and consequent wellbore stability problems. This study is conducted to examine the effect of temperature on the stability of the near wellbore region, taking into account the heat transfer between formation and flowing drilling fluid with the consideration of mechanical friction and associated heat sources.A new model is proposed that is applicable to directional and horizontal wells. The model incorporates thermal effects due to the drag forces created from the contacts between drillpipe and casing/formation during drilling and tripping operations. It is then utilized in a number of configurations of directional wells to study temperature profiles behaviors and their effects on wellbore stability. It is observed that the drilling fluid temperature is noticeably under-predicted by existing literature, and in some cases it can easily exceed the geothermal formation temperature if mechanical friction is taken into account. The formation temperature profile near the borehole region is also found to be considerably affected when wellbore heat transfer is considered, as opposed to the constant wall temperature approach in existing literature. These differences alternate the temperature induced stresses and consequently change the mud weight window for wellbore stability prediction.The proposed model and the results of this study are very useful for more accurate analyses of wellbore stability problems with a more detailed look into the effects of temperature. They can be used to enhance predictions of thermal regime in the wellbore at the design stage of well development or mud weight selection during drilling operation, thereby, avoiding potential drilling fluid/drillstring overheating and wellbore stability problems.
Isonitrile, IX. α‐Addition von Immonium‐Ionen und Carbonsäure‐Anionen an Isonitrile (1961)

Abstract Aus Carbonsäuren, Ammoniak oder primären Aminen, Aldehyden bzw. Ketonen und Isonitrilen entstehen α‐Acylamino‐carbonsäure‐amide. Diese Reaktion gestattet es u. a., geschützte Oligopeptide und β‐Lactame einstufig aus einfachen Ausgangsmaterialien aufzubauen.
Removing the Bandwidth Limitation in Slow-Light Mach-Zehnder Modulators (2008)

We show that modulators using slow-light Mach-Zehnder interferometers can be miniaturized, but at the price of bandwidth. We offer guidelines to replace this tradeoff with a more favorable one between length reduction and manufacturing variation.
Prevention of Increasing Rates of Treatment Failure by Combining Sulfadoxine‐Pyrimethamine with Artesunate or Amodiaquine for the Sequential Treatment of Malaria (2003)

Combination antimalarial therapy may delay the spread of drug resistance, but clinical data supporting this notion are limited. For 1 year, we studied Ugandan children who were treated for uncomplicated malaria with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), SP + amodiaquine (AQ), or SP + artesunate (AS). We compared treatment responses and the prevalence of resistance-conferring mutations of new infections with those of recrudescent infections due to parasites that survived prior treatment. Recrudescent infections were associated with the selection of SP resistance-conferring mutations in all treatment groups, but responses to repeat therapy differed. Compared with initial treatments, treatment of recrudescent infections was associated with a higher rate of treatment failure (hazard ratio [HR], 2.44; P=.01), for the SP group, but with a lower rate of treatment failure (HR, 0.40; P=.08), for the SP + AS group. Treatment failure in the SP + AQ group was uncommon, limiting the analysis of recrudescent parasites. Our results suggest that the use of combination antimalarial therapy in Africa may slow the spread of drug-resistant malaria and prolong the therapeutic life span of available treatment regimens.
Motion perception in preterm children: role of prematurity and brain damage (2009)

We tested 26 school-aged children born preterm at a gestational age below 34 weeks, 13 with and 13 without periventricular brain damage, with four different visual stimuli assessing perception of pure global motion (optic flow), with some form information (segregated translational motion) and form-defined static stimuli. Results were compared with a group of age-matched healthy term-born controls. Preterm children with brain damage showed significantly lower sensitivities relative to full-term controls in all four tests, whereas those without brain damage were significantly worse than controls only for the pure motion stimuli. Furthermore, when form information was embedded in the stimulus, preterm children with brain lesions scored significantly worse than those without lesions. These results suggest that in preterm children dorsal stream-related functions are impaired irrespective of the presence of brain damage, whereas deficits of the ventral stream are more related to the presence of periventricular brain damage.
All-Reflective Four-Element Zoom Telescope: Design and Analysis (1990)

The use of all-reflective optical systems has exploded within the past decade largely due to the growth of the infrared community. With today’s design and manufacturing technology, non-traditional designs are more easily realized leading to higher quality collimators, resonators, and imagers. Nevertheless, in one area reflective technology has not kept pace - the area of zoom optical systems. This is due to several factors: difficulty of design, potentially low throughput, alignment problems, and the opto-mechanical challenge of accurately zooming relatively large reflective elements. These problems can, however, be overcome with appropriate application of today’s technology. The design process for such an all-reflective zoom telescope is presented. Fabrication, alignment, and evaluation of the system is described in a separate paper.
Transmission Line Technology for Electron Cyclotron Heating (2008)

We briefly review the history of transmission line technology for electron cyclotron heating (ECH) applications and then survey the major developments over the past few years. These developments are grouped by function. Papers in this special issue are highlighted. We concentrate on the transmission from a matching optics unit near a gyrotron microwave source to the location of a vacuum window near the plasma, without review of window and launcher technology. Prospects for components handling more than 1-MW continuous wave are reviewed. While both waveguide and free-space propagation are considered, a greater emphasis is placed on corrugated waveguide components in preparation for the ITER ECH system.
Preparation and Properties of Plasticized Poly(lactic acid) Films (2005)

Poly(lactic acid), PLA, was blended with monomeric and oligomeric plasticizers in order to enhance its flexibility and thereby overcome its inherent problem of brittleness. Differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and tensile testing were used to investigate the properties of the blends. Monomeric plasticizers, such as tributyl citrate, TbC, and diethyl bishydroxymethyl malonate, DBM, drastically decreased the T(g) of PLA, but the blends showed no morphological stability over time since rapid cold crystallization caused a size reduction of the amorphous domains in PLA. Consequently, the ability of PLA to accommodate the plasticizer diminished with the increase in crystallinity and migration of the plasticizer occurred. Increasing the molecular weight of the plasticizers by synthesizing oligoesters and oligoesteramides resulted in blends that displayed T(g) depressions slightly smaller than with the monomeric plasticizers. The compatibility with PLA was dependent on the molecular weight of the oligomers and on the presence or not of polar amide groups that were able to positively interact with the PLA chains. Aging the materials at ambient temperature revealed that the enhanced flexibility as well as the morphological stability of the films plasticized with the oligomers could be maintained as a result of the higher molecular weight and the polar interactions with PLA.
JAPAN DIGITAL ROAD MAP (JDRM) DB AS BASE MAP FOR VARIOUS APPLICATIONS (1996)

It is very inappropriate to have various location referencings in various communication systems such as VICS. A unified location referencing is essential for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) applications which will be operated in various areas and organizations. In Japan, Digital Road Map supplied by Japan Digital Road Map Association is used or will be used as a unified base map for location referencing, in the following applications: 1) VICS; 2) Traffic Regulation Digital DB; 3) Road Traffic Census analysis; 4) Special Vehicle Operation Permit System; and 5) Traffic Accident Analysis.
Pediatric Extracorporeal Life Support After High Frequency Ventilation: Predictors of Survival (2002)

Previous studies of extracorporeal life support in pediatric patients have identified variables associated with survival. However, none of these studies focused on extracorporeal life support after failure of high frequency ventilation (HFV). In the present study, we determined variables associated with survival for pediatric respiratory failure patients who received HFV prior to extracorporeal life support, using data reported to the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry from 1992 to 1998. Patients with neonatal diagnoses, immune compromising conditions, or congenital cardiac defects were excluded. The 243 patients who met inclusion criteria had a 58% survival rate (95% CI 48-66%). The mean age was 22 +/- 39 months. Mean duration of mechanical ventilation prior to extracorporeal life support was 6.6 +/- 5.8 days. Venoarterial extracorporeal life support was used in 72% of the patients; venovenous in 28%. The survival rate for the subset of patients with an oxygenation index greater than 42 cm H2O/torr on HFV (n = 122) was not significantly different from the overall sample. We determined that lower mean airway pressure, lower pressure amplitude, decreased oxygenation index, increased PaO2, and increased oxygen saturation on HFV were associated with increased survival in patients who were subsequently treated with extracorporeal life support.
Probing structural changes of self assembled i-motif DNA (2014)

We report an i-motif structural probing system based on Thioflavin T (ThT) as a fluorescent sensor. This probe can discriminate the structural changes of RET and Rb i-motif sequences according to pH change.
Direct observation of region by region suppression of the switchable polarization (fatigue) in Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin film capacitors with Pt electrodes (1998)

The size, shape, and polarization orientation of fatigued areas formed during the suppression of the switchable polarization (Prs) (fatigue) in Pt–PZT–Pt ferroelectric capacitors (FECAPs), were observed by means of atomic force microscopy and by imaging the phase of the piezoelectric vibration induced by a low ac field applied between the top and bottom electrodes. In the virgin state (FECAP as prepared), the pattern of the polarization domains with opposite orientation was randomly distributed with typical sizes of 1–3 μm. The application of a dc field larger than the coercive field (Ec) enabled to fully orient the polarization of the regions in either directions. During the initial fatigue (&lt;35% of suppressed Prs), polarized regions with frozen orientation and size ranging between 100 nm and 1 μm became visible. In the fatigued state (&gt;65% of suppressed Prs), two main configurations of the frozen polarization domains were distinguished. One was characterized by a strong preferential direction (top to bottom electrode) and the other by randomly distributed regions of opposite oriented frozen polarization. The degrees of fatigue obtained by analyzing the vibration phase images are in good agreement with those obtained by standard polarization measurements. It is concluded that the Prs suppression (fatigue) is due to “region by region” or “grain by grain” freezing of Prs and that the frozen Prs can have a preferential orientation.
Bidentate Group 13 Lewis Acids with ortho‐Phenylene and peri‐Naphthalenediyl Backbones (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Direct Detection of Point Mutations in Nonamplified Human Genomic DNA (2011)

Ultrasensitive detection protocols not requiring polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-mediated target DNA amplification are expected to significantly improve our possibilities in several research and diagnostic applications for which minute cell quantities are available. For this reason we have tested a nanoparticle-enhanced surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRI) sensing strategy to detect point mutations in nonamplified genomic DNA. We have used genomic DNAs, not subject to costly, time-consuming, and prone to contamination PCR-based amplification procedures, obtained from both healthy individuals and homozygous or heterozygous patients affected by β-thalassemia, in order to demonstrate the specificity and the sensitivity of the described sensing strategy. The assay we describe is ultrasensitive and convenient. Attomolar concentrations of target genomic DNA are detected, DNAs from healthy individuals and homozygous or heterozygous patients affected by β-thalassemia are discriminated, and only simple manipulations of the genetic samples are required before the analysis. The proposed ultrasensitive detection of DNA point mutations involved in genomic disorders possibly represents an important advantage in several biomedical applications.
A miniaturised light-sheet microscopy system using MEMS micromirror control (2019)

We present the optical characterization of a MEMS enabled light-sheet microscopy system which combines 2-axis MEMS control over the light delivery for a scanned and freely positioned light-sheet as well as MEMS focal control of the image collection. The system performance is evaluated using standard imaging targets and fluorescence bead samples for 3D image generation.
Unna nevus of the scalp: Unusual clinical presentation (2017)

The term "dermal melanocytic nevi" includes a group of clinically and histopathologically distinct subtypes, including Miescher's nevus, flat nevus, and Unna's nevus. Flat nevi are the most common clinical type. Miescher's and Unna's nevi have different clinical and histopathological features, making them easily distinguishable. We present a case of an Unna's nevus in the posterior of the scalp with unusual localization.
Signal Flow Graphs for Path Enumeration and Deflection Routing Analysis in Multihop Networks (2009)

In this paper, we apply the method of signal flow graphs to path enumeration and deflection routing performance analysis in multihop networks. The method, which is similar to the one used to calculate the distance properties and error performance of convolutional codes, uses a labeling of the edges of the network graph, and the subsequent solution for the transfer function of the resulting signal flow graph. A Taylor series expansion of the transfer function yields the number of paths of a given length between the source and the destination. It is desirable that this number be large so that routing strategies can provide alternate paths to reach a node in case of congestion or link failure, with increased reliability, recoverability, and reduced delay. On the other hand the derivative of the transfer function yields the average number of hops in the network as a rational function of the probability of deflection of a packet. We then use a fixed point algorithm to solve for the probability of deflection as a function of the arrival rate of packets. Combining the two results, we obtain the average number of hops as a function of the packet arrival rate. We give analysis examples chosen from proposed multihop network architectures.
Re (2012)

Correspondence: John R. Burroughs, m.d., Eye and Facial Appearances, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 ([email protected]) The authors have no financial or conflict of interest to disclose.
Studies on the mode of action of the mitomycin antibiotics. Reversible conversion of mitomycin C into sodium 7-aminomitosane-9a-sulfonate (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on the mode of action of the mitomycin antibiotics. Reversible conversion of mitomycin C into sodium 7-aminomitosane-9a-sulfonateUlfert Hornemann, Yau-Kwan Ho, Jesse K. Mackey Jr., and Suresh C. SrivastavaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 22, 7069–7074Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1976https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00438a056RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views84Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (824 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Albumin Uptake Into Endothelial Cells in Separated Flow (2000)

Abstract The purpose of this study is to reveal the albumin uptake into endothelial cells in the separated flow area. After 24 hr of exposure to flow induced in a back step flow channel, the endothelial cells were incubated in 37°C for 60 minutes in PBS containing tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate conjugated albumin (TRITC-albumin). Thereafter, the cell morphology and the albumin uptake were observed by a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). In a low shear stress area (stagnant and reattachment areas), the cells aligned randomly. In a high shear stress area (reversal and fully developed areas), the cells were elongated and aligned to flow direction. In low-shear-stress and high-shear-stress gradient areas (reattachment areas), the amount of albumin uptake into the cells was the largest in all areas. These data indicate that shear stress and shear stress gradient affect the endothelial cell morphology and the albumin uptake into endothelial cells.