gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Editorial (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTEditorialChristopher S. Foote and Joan Selverstone ValentineView Author Information Associate Editor EditorCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 3, 111Publication Date (Web):March 13, 1996Publication History Published online13 March 1996Published inissue 13 March 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar9601860https://doi.org/10.1021/ar9601860editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views430Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (22 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Combinatorial chemistry,Combinatorial synthesis,Pharmaceuticals Get e-Alerts
Bone Marrow Transplantation in Low-Grade Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (1995)

The low-grade histologic types constitute one quarter of all non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). Conventional chemotherapy and chemo-radiation therapy have failed to significantly alter the course of this disease, and most patients eventually succumb to lymphoma. Despite the fact that NHLs exhibit a steep dose-response relation to cytotoxic therapy, fewer than 30% of eligible patients undergo bone marrow transplantation. Reasons for fewer patients receiving this course of treatment include: elderly patient population, extensive previous chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy, high incidence of bone marrow involvement, and transformation to higher grade NHLs. In recent years, improvements in several areas have enhanced the therapeutic index for bone marrow transplantation. These advances include the use of more effective preparative regimens, recombinant hematopoietic growth factors, extended-spectrum antibiotics, and an increased expertise in blood transfusion techniques and practices. Other, more effective strategies include sophisticated in vitro bone marrow purging approaches and peripheral blood progenitor cell collection. As a result, more patients have been able to receive dose-intensive therapy followed by hematopoietic cellular rescue. Although follow up is short in most series, encouraging results have stimulated some centers to begin transplanting responding patients earlier in their disease course; in more than 200 patients treated in this fashion, long-term disease-free survival has been achieved in nearly 70% of patients, some patients for a period of greater than 6 years. The new purine analogues fludarabine, pentostatin, and 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine also have shown promise in both initial and salvage treatment of low-grade NHLs. It remains to be determined whether this group of drugs will be complimentary to the bone marrow and/or peripheral blood progenitor cell transplant approach.
Deep Learning MLDL 2018 Tutorial. (2019)

Abstract not provided.
Carbon nanofiber bridged two-dimensional titanium carbide as a superior anode for lithium-ion batteries (2015)

With the help of CNF conductive bridges, Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>/CNF hybrid particles exhibited significantly enhanced reversible capacity and excellent rate performance.
Shear Instabilities in Metallic Nanoparticles:  Hydrogen-Stabilized Structure of Pt<sub>37</sub> on Carbon (2007)

Using density functional theory calculations, we have studied the morphology of a Pt37 nanoparticle supported on carbon with and without hydrogen (H) passivation that arises with postprocessing of nanoparticles before characterization. Upon heating in an anneal cycle, we find that without H (e.g., in a helium atmosphere or evacuation at high temperature), the morphology change of a truncated cuboctahedral Pt37 is driven by the shearing of (100) to (111) facets to lower the surface energy, a remnant shear instability that drives surface reconstruction in semi-infinite Pt(100). With H passivation from a postprocessing anneal, we show that the sheared structure automatically reverts to the observed truncated cuboctahedral structure and the average first nearest-neighbor Pt-Pt bond length increases by 3%, agreeing well with experiment. We explain the stabilization of the truncated cuboctahedral structure due to H passivation via adsorption energetics of hydrogen on Pt(100) and (111) facets, specifically, the preference for H adsorption at bridge sites on (100) facets, which should be considered in a realistic model for H adsorption on Pt nanoparticles. We find that dramatic morphological change of a nanoparticle can occur even with small changes to first-shell Pt-Pt coordination number. The implications of our findings when comparing to experimental data are discussed.
Block acknowledgment: redesigning the window protocol (1991)

A window protocol based on the block acknowledgment method, in which acknowledgment message has two numbers, m and n, to acknowledge the reception of all data messages with sequence numbers ranging from m to n, is discussed. In the window protocol, message sequence numbers are taken from a finite domain and both message disorder and loss can be tolerated. An initial version of the protocol that uses a simplified timeout action and unbounded sequence numbers is presented, the simplified timeout action in the protocol is replaced by a sophisticated one without disturbing the protocol's correctness, and the unbounded sequence numbers are replaced by bounded ones while preserving the protocol's correctness. Remarks concerning other variations of the protocol are also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The selection of R&D program content — Survey of quantitative methods (1967)

This paper presents a summary of methods of evaluating and selecting R&D projects. Approximately thirty methods, which have appeared in scattered places in the literature, are described briefly, and a bibliography is provided for further information. The various methods are compared and contrasted with each other relative to a standard set of features which they may possess, to a standard set of characteristics relating to ease of use, and to scientific or technological area of applicability.
Microscopy of bacterial translocation during small bowel obstruction and ischemia in vivo – a new animal model (2002)

Intravital microscopy of fluorescent bacteria is a novel approach to study bacterial translocation in vivo. We have applied this technique to define minimal bacterial transit time as a functional parameter of intestinal barrier function.
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production from sludge and municipal wastewater treatment (2013)

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable polyesters with comparable properties to some petroleum-based polyolefins. PHA production can be achieved in open, mixed microbial cultures and thereby coupled to wastewater and solid residual treatment. In this context, waste organic matter is utilised as a carbon source in activated sludge biological treatment for biopolymer synthesis. Within the EU project Routes, the feasibility of PHA production has been evaluated in processes for sludge treatment and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production and municipal wastewater treatment. This PHA production process is being investigated in four units: (i) wastewater treatment with enrichment and production of a functional biomass sustaining PHA storage capacity, (ii) acidogenic fermentation of sludge for VFA production, (iii) PHA accumulation from VFA-rich streams, and (iv) PHA recovery and characterisation. Laboratory- and pilot-scale studies demonstrated the feasibility of municipal wastewater and solid waste treatment alongside production of PHA-rich biomass. The PHA storage capacity of biomass selected under feast-famine with municipal wastewater has been increased up to 34% (g PHA g VSS(-1)) in batch accumulations with acetate during 20 h. VFAs obtained from waste activated sludge fermentation were found to be a suitable feedstock for PHA production.
Single DNA molecule manipulation by a self-assembled motor protein system (2008)

A lambdaDNA manipulation by motor proteins has been demonstrated by designing a fully self-assembled molecular system. Each end of lambdaDNA was modified by biotin and digoxin, respectively, based on fragment labeling and ligation methods. Digoxin-functionalized end was immobilized on a glass surface coated with anti-digoxigenin antibody. Biotinylated end was freely suspended and experienced Brownian motion in a buffer solution. Streptavidin was introduced to the biotinylated end for the binding with motile biotinylated microtubules. Infusing kinesin and biotinylated microtubules into the system cause microtubule gliding assay on the kinesin-coated surface. During the assay microtubules picked up the streptavidin-labeled end of DNA by biotin and streptavidin binding. It brought the DNA stretching and the phenomena were finally terminated by a release of molecular binding or DNA breakage. The total length achieved over 20 mum, which is the same as DNA contour length.
Automatic Control Of An Artificial Respirator (2005)

A method and the associated apparatus have been described for automatically controlling an artificial respirator according to bodily requirements of the patient under mechanical ventilation. In the proposed method, ventilation and frequency of respiration are determined on the basis of the lung compliance, airway resistance and the CO2 and 02 levels of the patient on the respirator. The apparatus detects and processes the required data and generates control signals for the artificial respirator and the valves at the respirator's output in order to provide automatic and continuous adjustment of the depth and rate of breathing of the patient. The method and apparatus of this controller are patented under the U.S. Patent Number 4986268.
Mechanical and Barrier Properties of Egg Albumen Films (1996)

ABSTRACT Films were cast and dried from heated, alkaline aqueous egg albumen solutions containing glycerin (GLY) at 30, 40, or 50% w/w of protein, polyethylene glycol (PEG) at 50 or 60%, or sorbitol (S) at 50 or 60% as plasticizers. PEG‐plasticized (60%) films also were prepared by substituting 10, 30, 50, or 70% of albumen with yolk solids. Film tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (E), water vapor permeability (WVP), and Hunter color values were measured. At a plasticizer content of 50%, films with S had the lowest WVP while films with PEG had the greatest E. S‐ and PEG‐plasticized films had greater TS than GLY‐plasticized films. Yolk solids decreased film TS, E, and WVP while increasing film yellowness.
RIN4 Functions with Plasma Membrane H+-ATPases to Regulate Stomatal Apertures during Pathogen Attack (2009)

Pathogen perception by the plant innate immune system is of central importance to plant survival and productivity. The Arabidopsis protein RIN4 is a negative regulator of plant immunity. In order to identify additional proteins involved in RIN4-mediated immune signal transduction, we purified components of the RIN4 protein complex. We identified six novel proteins that had not previously been implicated in RIN4 signaling, including the plasma membrane (PM) H(+)-ATPases AHA1 and/or AHA2. RIN4 interacts with AHA1 and AHA2 both in vitro and in vivo. RIN4 overexpression and knockout lines exhibit differential PM H(+)-ATPase activity. PM H(+)-ATPase activation induces stomatal opening, enabling bacteria to gain entry into the plant leaf; inactivation induces stomatal closure thus restricting bacterial invasion. The rin4 knockout line exhibited reduced PM H(+)-ATPase activity and, importantly, its stomata could not be re-opened by virulent Pseudomonas syringae. We also demonstrate that RIN4 is expressed in guard cells, highlighting the importance of this cell type in innate immunity. These results indicate that the Arabidopsis protein RIN4 functions with the PM H(+)-ATPase to regulate stomatal apertures, inhibiting the entry of bacterial pathogens into the plant leaf during infection.
Rac3-Mediated Transformation Requires Multiple Effector Pathways (2005)

Our initial characterization of Rac3, a close relative of the small GTPase Rac1, established its ability to promote membrane ruffling, transformation, and activation of c-jun transcriptional activity. The finding that Rac3 is transforming, and its similarity to Rac1, a protein that has a well-established connection to many processes important for cancer progression, prompted further investigation into Rac3 transformation. We used effector domain mutants (EDMs) to explore the relationship among Rac signaling, transformation, and effector usage. All Rac3 EDMs tested (N26D, F37L, Y40C, and N43D) retained the ability to promote membrane ruffling and focus formation. In contrast, only the N43D mutant promoted anchorage independence. This differs from Rac1, where both N26D and N43D mutants were impaired in both types of transformation. To learn more about the signaling pathways involved, we did luciferase reporter assays and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays for effector binding. We found evidence for a functional link between activation of phospholipase Cbeta2 by Rac3 and signaling to the serum response factor (SRF). Surprisingly, we also found that Rac3 binds poorly to the known Rac1 effectors mixed lineage kinases 2 and 3 (MLK2 and MLK3). Transcription of cyclin D1 was the only pathway that correlated with growth in soft agar. Our experiments show that activation of membrane ruffling and transcriptional activation of c-jun, SRF, or E2F are not sufficient to promote anchorage-independent growth mediated by Rac3. Instead, multiple effector pathways are required for Rac3 transformation, and these overlap partially but not completely with those used by Rac1.
Mathematical Modeling Shows Exenatide Improved β-Cell Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Metformin or Metformin and a Sulfonylurea (2006)

The incretin mimetic exenatide improved glycemic control and reduced body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin+/-a sulfonylurea. We assessed postprandial beta-cell function by mathematical modeling, independent of confounding effects from differing ambient glucose levels among treatments. Subjects were 63% males, 55+/-10 years, BMI 33+/-6 kg/m2, HbA1C 8.1+/-1.1% (+/- SD) randomized to 5 microg exenatide or placebo twice daily for 4 weeks. Subsequently, one arm remained at 5 microg twice daily, one arm escalated to 10 microg twice daily, and one treatment arm remained on placebo for 26 weeks. Subjects continued metformin+/-a sulfonylurea. A subset with meal tests at baseline and week 30 were analyzed (n=73). Outcome measures were the model-based beta-cell function parameters dose-response relating insulin secretion to glucose concentration, rate sensitivity, and potentiation. Exenatide reduced postprandial glucose excursions. Modeling predicted an upward shift of the beta-cell dose-response. Model-predicted insulin secretion rate at a reference glucose concentration increased 72% (10 microg), increased 40% (5 microg), or decreased 21% (placebo) at week 30 [ p=0.015 (10 microg); p=0.045 (5 microg); vs. placebo]. At week 30, the 2-hour post-meal to basal potentiation factor ratio was increased to 1.53+/-0.10 (10 microg; p=0.0142 vs. placebo) or 1.40+/-0.08 (5 microg; p=0.0402 vs. placebo) compared with 1.15+/-0.06 (placebo). Exenatide caused an upward shift of the beta-cell dose-response and enhanced potentiation of insulin secretion. This model suggests exenatide improved beta-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin+/-a sulfonylurea.
A Translocation (8; 14) in a Cutaneous Large B-Cell Lymphoma (1993)

A 62-year-old man with a cutaneous large-cell (cleaved, noncleaved) lymphoma had multiple facial lesions and two enlarged cervical lymph nodes. Cytogenetic analysis performed on the involved skin and lymph node revealed the following karyotype: 47,XY,inv dup(1)(q11-->q32),+3,t(8;14)(q24;q32). A t(8;14)(q24;q32) translocation is the chromosome anomaly in 75% of Burkitt's lymphomas. Other types of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, however, may show the same translocation, especially large-cell lymphomas. Duplication of material belonging to the long arm of chromosome 1 is the most frequent additional aberration to Burkitt's translocations in Burkitt's lymphoma/leukemia. Trisomy 3 may be seen in both B- and T-cell malignancies, as well as in angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. Immunogenotyping of malignant cells from a lymph node showed rearrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy and lambda light chain genes. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serology was positive for EBV nuclear antigen and EBV capsular antigen. No integration of EBV DNA in tumor tissue, however, could be detected by polymerase chain reaction. These results may be useful in defining the biologic characteristics of cutaneous B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
Letter (2011)

Department of Orthopedic Surgery Musculoskeletal Disorders Research Laboratory University of Colorado Denver, Colorado The manuscript submitted does not contain information about medical device(s)/drug(s). No funds were received in support of this work. No benefits in any form have been or will be received from a commercial party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this manuscript.
Fabrication of Polymer-Apatite Composites by Using a Novel Alternate Soaking Process. (2000)

近年, 筆者らは新しい高分子-アパタイト複合体の形成法である「交互浸漬法」を開発した. この「交互浸漬法」は, カルシウムイオンおよびリン酸イオンを含む2つの水溶液にアパタイトを形成させる基板を交互に浸漬する手法である. 本報では, アパタイトを形成するモデル基板として合成高分子ヒドロゲルであるポリビニルアルコールゲルおよびポリアクリル酸あるいはポリアクリルアミドをグラフトしたポリエチレンフィルムを選択した. 「交互浸漬法」によりヒドロゲルおよび親水性高分子-グラフトフィルムのどちらにも生体骨に近い結晶性を有するヒドロキシアパタイトが形成され, 高分子-アパタイト複合体が得られた. ヒドロゲルへのアパタイト形成では, ゲルの平衡膨潤が大きくなるとアパタイト形成量は増加し, 溶液の温度を変化させることで形成するアパタイトの結晶性もコントロールすることができた. また, 親水性高分子グラフトフィルムへのアパタイト形成量は, アクリルアミドをグラフトしたフィルムでは, グラフト量の増加に伴い増加し, アクリル酸では一定のグラフト量のときに極大値をもつ特異的なアパタイト形成挙動が観察された. 「交互浸漬法」は, 従来用いられてきたアパタイト形成法である生体模倣反応よりも約100倍もの速度でアパタイトが形成されることから工業的にも有用な手法であると考えられる.
Superior Electrocatalytic Activity of Au (110)-like Gold Nanoparticles towards the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (2011)

This study is concerned with the electocatalytic evolution of oxygen gas at novel gold nanoparticles (nano-Au) modified glassy carbon (GC) electrodes in 0.5 M KOH. The electrochemical measurements show a superior enhancement of the nano-Au/GC towards the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) compared to bulk GC and Au electrodes. That is, the onset potential of the OER is shifted by ca. 600 mV in the negative direction compared with bulk Au and unmodified GC electrodes. The enrichment in the Au (110) facet orientation (of the electrodeposited nano-Au) [1] at the expense of other low facet orientations induces a favorable geometric arrangement of the Au surface atoms which is believed to facilitate the OH- adsorption and, hence, the charge transfer process during the water electrolysis into molecular oxygen. Thus, the OER is accelerated and realized at less positive potential.
How do the Australian guidelines for lipid‐lowering drugs perform in practice? Cardiovascular disease risk in the AusDiab Study, 1999–2000 (2008)

Strategies for CVD prevention using lipid-lowering medications can be improved by adoption of the absolute-risk approach.
ChemInform Abstract: STABLE CYCLOPENTADIENONE DERIVATIVES. PERCHLORO‐2H,5H‐CYCLOPENTA(B)PYRAN‐5‐ONE AND ‐2,5‐DIONE (1978)

Abstract Auf dem im Formelschema skizzierten Weg wird das Perchlorcyclopentylidenpropen (IV) dargestellt, das mit Chlor zum Octachlorid (V) und mit Salpetersäure zum instabilen Cyclopentendion (VI) gespalten wird.
Cyclopolymerization and Polymers with Chain-Ring Structures (1982)

Maleic anhydride and vinyl ether undergo a cyclic alternating copolymerization in a 2:1 ratio. 13C NMR has shown the polymer to contain a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and tetrahydropyran rings in an approximately 0.8:1 ratio. The copolymer shows a remarkable variety of biological activities. It is an antitumor agent; it induces the formation of interferon; it has antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal activity; it is an anticoagulant and an anti-inflammatory agent; and it aids in the removal of plutonium from the liver. The copolymer is an immunostimulant, and appears to act by stimulating macrophages. A study of the effect of molecular weight and molecular weight distribution on toxicity and biological activity has led to the synthesis of an active copolymer with low toxicity, which is being investigated clinically as an antitumor agent.
Quantitative Assessment of Early and Discontinuous Estradiol-Induced Effects on Ventromedial Hypothalamic and Preoptic Area Proteins in Female Rat Brain (1988)

In this study, changes in individual proteins in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMN) and the preoptic area (POA) of the female rat brain were quantitatively assessed following either a short treatment (2 h) or a discontinuous schedule of estradiol. Ovariectomized (OVX) rats were implanted with estradiol capsules or sham-implanted for the appropriate paradigm and sacrificed by decapitation. Punches of brain tissue containing the VMN and POA were incubated with 35S-methionine and 35S-cysteine, and the labeled proteins separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Estradiol-induced changes were quantitatively assessed by computerized optical densitometry and subjected to a normalization procedure between pairs of estradiol-treated and OVX control gels. A number of proteins within the VMN and POA were found to be positively or negatively affected in labeling after either hormone administration paradigm. In both brain regions, the population of proteins affected in labeling after 2 h of estradiol treatment were markedly different from those affected after the discontinuous hormone paradigm. Comparison of the VMN and POA also indicated that the populations of proteins affected in labeling by either hormone treatment paradigm were different, with there being only 3 proteins (from a total of 39) affected in the same direction and 2 affected in the opposite direction by the hormone in both regions. These findings lend support to the hypothesis that administration of estradiol results in a molecular cascade of events within brain regions involved in the control of reproductive behavior.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)