gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bendamustine: new perspective for an old drug in lymphoproliferative disorders (2010)

Bendamustine is an old bifunctional alkylating agent that also has potential antimetabolite properties, and only partial cross-resistance with other alkylators. Although it was synthesized in 1963 only few validated study results exist from this early period. More recently, its peculiar mechanism of action has reawakened interest in this drug that has been extensively studied in indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Experience has also been reported in high-grade NHL and Hodgkin disease. Based on its unique structure, various strategies can be used for mechanism-based combination chemotherapeutic regimens with bendamustine. Moreover, data indicates that bendamustine when combined with rituximab is a valid therapeutic choice for patients with CLL or low-grade NHL demonstrating refractoriness to standard chemotherapy regimens. Furthermore, its documented favorable toxicity profile makes it a particularly useful treatment option for elderly patients.
Development of noninvasive parametric imaging of atherosclerotic plaque (2002)

The goal of this work is to adapt existing algorithms for the calculation of integrated backscatter (IB) and attenuation (IA) images toward lower frequencies and to test the usefulness of these images for atherosclerotic plaque characterization. Using two different broadband transducers, RF signals from 9 to 50 MHz were collected from a scattering phantom and segments of excised human aorta at 37/spl deg/C. Local IA and IB estimated from backscattered signals were used to construct parametric images. Local IA in the phantom and aortas was compared to global attenuation measured by double transmission. The ability of parametric images to discriminate variation of plaque composition was assessed by comparing parametric images and artery histologic segments. Good agreement was found between local IA and global attenuation. Work continues toward the development of even lower frequency quantitative images (5 to 28 MHz) for the characterization of carotid plaque. Such a noninvasive technique could improve assessment of plaque risk and guide interventional choices.
Forward Contracting and Selling Price Determination for a Retailer (2007)

To procure the electric energy to be sold to its clients, a retailer has to face two major difficulties. While buying electric energy, it must cope with uncertain pool prices or sign forward contracts at higher average prices. While selling electricity, it should handle the uncertainty of the end-user demand and the fact that customers might choose a different retailer if the selling price is not competitive enough. We propose a risk-constrained stochastic programming framework to decide which forward contracts the retailer should sign and at which price it must sell electricity so that its expected profit is maximized at a given risk level. The developed model takes into account the elastic behavior of end users with respect to the selling price offered by the retailer. A realistic case study illustrates the methodology proposed.
Whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT in the presence of truncation artifacts. (2006)

Truncation artifacts in WB PET/CT led to visual and quantitative distortions of the CT and attenuation-corrected PET images in the area of truncation. These artifacts can be corrected to improve the accuracy of PET/CT for diagnosis and therapy response evaluation.
Proton Release Associated with Respiratory Burst of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes (1988)

The stimulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate in the presence of sodium fluoride caused the release of protons into the reaction medium concomitant with the generation of superoxide anions. The rates of oxygen consumption and proton release due to the metabolic burst were 16.3 +/- 3.5 and 10.2 +/- 1.1 nmol/min/10(7) cells respectively. When the superoxide anions were trapped with cytochrome c, the proton release was increased (35.8 +/- 0.5 nmol/min/10(7) cells) until the cytochrome c was reduced. Since the protons released from the activated cells would be consumed by the generated superoxide anions in the extracellular medium, the net amount of the protons released was 3-4-fold greater than that observed in the absence of extracellular cytochrome c. The increased proton release may be coupled to increased cellular respiration, since the inhibition of the respiratory burst with deoxyglucose, p-chloromercuribenzoic acid or chlorpromazine decreased the proton release. Amiloride (2 mM) inhibited the proton release by up to 40%. These observations suggest that some mechanisms other than a Na+/H+ antiport and carbon dioxide diffusion could be transporting the H+ generated in the cytosol of the activated PMNs.
Toward an Applied Technology for Quality Measurement in Health Care (1988)

Cost containment, financial incentives to conserve resources, the growth of for-profit hospitals, an aggressive malpractice environment, and demands from purchasers are among the forces today increasing the need for improved methods that measure quality in health care. At the same time, increasingly sophisticated databases and the existence of managed care systems yield new opportunities to observe and correct quality problems. Research on targets of measurement (structure, process, and outcome) and methods of measurement (implicit, explicit, and sentinel methods) has not yet produced managerially useful applied technology for quality measurement in real-world settings. Such an applied technology would have to be cheaper, faster, more flexible, better reported, and more multidimensional than the majority of current research on quality assurance. In developing a new applied technology for the measurement of health care quality, quantitative disciplines have much to offer, such as decision support systems, criteria based on rigorous decision analyses, utility theory, tools for functional status measurement, and advances in operations research.
Aerosolized ribavirin in mechanically ventilated children with respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract disease (1994)

Ribavirin aerosol therapy can be safely administered to mechanically ventilated children with severe respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract disease. However, this therapy does not appear to affect immediate clinical outcome in such patients.
Single Feature Polymorphism Discovery in Rice (2007)

The discovery of nucleotide diversity captured as single feature polymorphism (SFP) by using the expression array is a high-throughput and effective method in detecting genome-wide polymorphism. The efficacy of such method was tested in rice, and the results presented in the paper indicate high sensitivity in predicting SFP. The sensitivity of polymorphism detection was further demonstrated by the fact that no biasness was observed in detecting SFP with either single or multiple nucleotide polymorphisms. The high density SFP data that can be generated quite effectively by the current method has promise for high resolution genetic mapping studies, as physical location of features are well-defined on rice genome.
Insulin-like growth factor II induced by hypoxia may contribute to angiogenesis of human hepatocellular carcinoma. (1998)

Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) is highly expressed during hepatocarcinogenesis (P. Schirmacher et al., Cancer Res., 52: 2549-2556, 1992; B. C. Park et al., J. Hepatol., 22: 286-294, 1995). However, the mechanism of its enhanced expression is largely unknown. In this study, we show that IGF-II mRNA levels are increased within six h of exposing human hepatoma cell cultures to hypoxia, suggesting that hypoxia may be a strong stimulus for the induction of IGF-II expression in the process of hepatocarcinogenesis. This finding and the fact that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a typical hypervascular tumor (M. Mise et al., Hepatology, 23: 455-464, 1996) imply that IGF-II may play an important role in the development of neovascularization of HCC. Here we demonstrate that IGF-II substantially increases vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA and protein levels in a time-dependent manner in human hepatoma cells. The induction of VEGF by IGF-II was additively increased by hypoxia. Moreover, the direct angiogenic activity of IGF-II was observed in the quantitative chick chorioallantoic membrane assay (M. Nguyen et al., Microvasc. Res., 47: 31-40, 1994). These data suggest that IGF-II may be a hypoxia-inducible angiogenic factor in HCC.
Achieving interoperability between heterogeneous object-oriented genomic databases (1994)

We present a framework for making a specialized genome database interoperable with a public database. Specifically, we study how to grant users of the E. Coli genome database EcoSeq to access data remotely available from GenInfo. We extended the Object Loader software tool developed by NCBI to translate ASN.1 instances to and from C++ data structures. In our prototype system, EcoSeq and GenInfo are stored in two heterogeneous object-oriented DBMS, Ontos and Object/DB, respectively, each of which is designed to support persistency of C++ objects. The two databases run on different hardware platforms, one on a SUN SPARCstation and the other on a DEC workstation. Characteristics of the proposed framework are illustrated by using examples of the types of interoperation that are currently possible between the two databases. Further research issues related to enhancing the interoperation are identified.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of medullary thyroid carcinoma in transgenic mice expressing the <i>RET</i> protooncogene altered by a multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A mutation (1997)

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2) is a dominantly inherited cancer syndrome that comprises three clinical subtypes: MEN type 2A (MEN-2A), MEN type 2B (MEN-2B), and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC). Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), a malignant tumor arising from calcitonin-secreting thyroid C cells, is the cardinal disease feature of this syndrome, and mortality in affected MEN-2 patients is mainly caused by this malignancy. Germ-line mutations of the RET protooncogene, which encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase, are responsible for these three neoplastic-prone disorders. MEN2 mutations convert the RET protooncogene in a dominantly acting oncogene as a consequence of the ligand-independent activation of the tyrosine kinase. The majority of MEN2A and FMTC mutations are located in the extracellular domain and cause the replacement of one of five juxtamembrane cysteines by a different amino acid. To examine whether expression of a MEN2A allele of RET results in transformation of C cells, we have used the transgenic approach. Expression of the RET gene altered by a MEN2A mutation was targeted in C cells by placing the transgene under the control of the calcitonin gene-related peptide/calcitonin promoter. Animals of three independent transgenic mouse lines, which expressed the transgene in the thyroid, displayed overt bilateral C cell hyperplasia as early as 3 weeks of age and subsequently developed multifocal and bilateral MTC. Moreover, these tumors were morphologically and biologically similar to human MTC which afflicts MEN2 individuals. These findings provide evidence that the MEN2A mutant form of RET is oncogenic in parafollicular C cells and suggest that these transgenic mice should prove a valuable animal model for hereditary MTC.
Suction Catheter Size: An Assessment and Comparison of 3 Different Calculation Methods (2013)

Our results support an alternative SC/ETT ratio when pairing SCs and ETTs.
Efficient hybrid ARQ protocols with adaptive forward error correction (1994)

In this paper, efficient stop-and-wait, go-back-N and selective-repeat hybrid ARQ protocols with adaptive forward error correction (AFEC) using convolutional coding are proposed and analyzed. The basic idea is to vary the coding rate for error correction according to system parameters, such as the signal-to-noise ratio, the round trip delay and the buffer size at the receiver, so as to maximize the throughput efficiency. The performances of the proposed ARQ protocols are evaluated for two channel models: a non-fading and an ideally-interleaved Rayleigh-fading additive white Gaussian noise channel. In all cases it is found that the hybrid ARQ protocols with AFEC yield a comparatively high throughput under all channel conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Poisoning of LaB6 Cathodes (1969)

Electron-emission density for LaB6 cathodes is compared with that for other common cathode types. Equations for describing the poisoning mechanism are presented. Poisoning is related to the gas pressure, cathode temperature, and heat of adsorption. Posioning was measured with a flowing gas system which maintained a constant pressure in the vicinity of the cathode for varying adsorption rates. Poisoning rates were determined by the cathode temperature and gas pressure. An equilibrium poisoned emission level was reached within a few minutes for each cathode temperature and gas pressure. Poisoning gases used were oxygen, carbon dioxide, air, hydrogen, nitrogen, and argon. Oxygen was the most active poisoning gas and argon the least active. No poisoning results until a critical pressure is reached; the emission then decays rapidly with increasing pressure. Resistance to poisoning increases with increasing cathode temperature. At a cathode temperature of 1570°C, the critical poisoning pressure for oxygen is about 5×10−5 Torr. At 1400°C, the critical poisoning pressures are as follows: 2×10−6 Torr for oxygen, 2×10−5 Torr for carbon dioxide, 5×10−5 Torr for air, and greater than 10−2 Torr for hydrogen, nitrogen, and argon. On a comparative basis, the critical poisoning pressure for LaB6 cathodes is several orders of magnitude higher than the poisoning pressure for oxide and impregnated cathodes.
A Simplified Model for Prediction of Molecular Weight Distributions in Ethylene‐Hexene Copolymerization Using Ziegler‐Natta Catalysts (2007)

Abstract A simplified steady‐state model has been developed to predict molecular weight distributions and average compositions of ethylene‐hexene copolymers produced using heterogeneous Ziegler‐Natta catalysts in gas‐phase reactors. The model uses a simplified reaction scheme to limit the number of parameters that must be estimated. The number of parameters is further reduced by assuming that different types of active sites share common rate constants for some reactions. Estimates of kinetic parameters are obtained using deconvolution analysis of industrial copolymer samples produced using a variety of isothermal steady‐state operating conditions. The parameter estimates should prove useful as initial guesses for future parameter estimation in a non‐isothermal model. magnified image
Electro-Optics of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals (1986)

The symmetry arguments which predict the existence of ferroelectricity in chiral smectic liquid crystals are presented. Structure of the ferroelectric liquid crystals in the thin and the thick cell configurations are reviewed. A brief description of the technique to align these liquid crystals is also given. Finally the effect of electric fields on these liquid crystals is discussed.
The architecture of a multicast broadband packet switch (2003)

The authors propose an architecture that can switch hundreds of gigabits while meeting a wide variety of service requirements. The switch can be constructed out of a few atomic cell types with regular interconnection patterns. This simple structure lends itself to very effective VLSI implementation. The multicast packet switch consists of three internally nonblocking, self-routing subnetworks. First, the selector subnetwork arbitrates among competing demands for copies to satisfy real-time requirements. The copy subnetwork then makes the copies and the switch subnetwork routes the packet copies to their final destinations. The authors detail the architecture and operation of the multicast switch.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mutarotation, Hydrolysis, and Rearrangement Reactions of Glycosylamines<sup>1</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMutarotation, Hydrolysis, and Rearrangement Reactions of Glycosylamines1HORACE S. ISBELL and HARRIET L. FRUSHCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 9, 1309–1319Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01103a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01103a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1651Altmetric-Citations210LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preference of rural population on the sex of expected children and their corresponding behaviors. (1998)

In November 1996, a survey was conducted in the northern Anhui District in China to examine the preference of the rural population for the sex of expected children and their corresponding behaviors. Questionnaires were distributed to 1496 women of childbearing age and 506 rural married men. Findings showed that people in this rural area have a strong preference for male children as exemplified by the 83.42% who prefer a boy as their firstborn. Such preference is due to the following reasons: 1) produce a male heir to continue the family line (49.9%); 2) a son is viewed as a security for old age (36.5%); and 3) the need of a son for future labor (13.6%). Despite the strong preference for a male child, people in the region treat their sons and daughters equally.
Testing crossbar switch interconnection networks (2002)

The author presents methods of testing crossbar switches in multiprocessor environment. Implementation problems of assuring appropriate test controllability and observability has been considered and referred to popular crossbar switches with static and dynamic interconnection strategies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Auto-adaptive edge detection of tank level IR imaging using double-threshold canny operator (2010)

This paper proposes a new way to detect tank level based on the auto-adaptive double-threshold Canny operator, considering IR imaging of tank level and aiming at the problem of the detection of tank level. The adaptive double-threshold edge detection operator based on Canny criteria can set the threshold level according to different image histogram feature automatically, to avoid the artificial choice threshold inappropriate the edge information loss, in particular, the information of tank level loss. In the process of extract tank level IR imaging information, the number of horizontal stripes automatically is analysed, based on the number of landscape orientation stripes, getting the specific location of each horizontal stripes. The simulation results indicate that edge detection of tank level based on the auto-adaptive double-threshold canny operator apply in detection of tank Level very well.
A modified Cram&#233;r-Rao bound and its applications (Corresp.) (1978)

A new way of treating extraneous or nuisance parameters in applying the Cramér-Rao bound is presented. The modified method duces substantially fighter bounds in two important applications. In particular, new bounds are obtained for the variance of estimates of arrival times for the Rayleigh channel.
π-Conjugated Polymers Bearing Electronic and Optical Functionalities. Preparation by Organometallic Polycondensations, Properties, and Their Applications (1999)

Abstract Various π-conjugated polymers have been obtained by using organometallic polycondensations mediated by organotransition metal complexes. For example, Ni(0) complex-promoted dehalogenation polycondensation of dihaloaromatic compounds X–Ar–X affords poly(arylene)s,n. Pd-catalyzed polycondensation gives poly(arylene–ethynylene)s,n. These polymers are electrochemically active, electrically conductive, and light-emitting. Their well-characterized linear structure brings about unique packing of the polymer molecules in the solid. In this paper, we describe preparation by the organometallic polycondensations, basic properties, the ordered structure in the solid, and applications for electronic and optical devices of π-conjugated polymers.rr–C≡C–Ar′–C≡C
SAMURAI: A Streaming Multi-tenant Context-Management Architecture for Intelligent and Scalable Internet of Things Applications (2014)

In the Internet of Things, heterogeneous and distributed streams of sensor events is a driver for context-aware behavior in intelligent environments. However, processing the event data usually cross-cuts the business logic of IoT applications and offering such reusable functionality as a service towards a variety of customers with different needs is often faced with scalability concerns. We present SAMURAI, a multi-tenant streaming context architecture that integrates and exposes well-known components for complex event processing, machine learning, knowledge representation, NoSQL persistence and in-memory data grids. SAMURAI pursues a twofold approach to achieve scalability: (1) distributed deployment with horizontal scalability, (2) shared resources through multi-tenancy. For the scenario used in the experimental evaluation of our architecture, the results show little overhead to support multi-tenancy, with near-linear scalability and flexible elasticity for deployment schemes with data partitioning per tenant.
RESEARCHES ON THIOCYANATES AND ISOTHIOCYANATES. (1902)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRESEARCHES ON THIOCYANATES AND ISOTHIOCYANATES.Henry L. Wheeler and Henry F. MerriamCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1902, 24, 5, 439–448Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1902Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1902https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja02019a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02019a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views110Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts