gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear susceptibility of superparamagnets with a general anisotropy energy (2000)

The equilibrium nonlinear response of noninteracting superparamagnets with a general single-spin anisotropy is investigated. Generalizing the results obtained for the simplest uniaxial anisotropy [Garc\'{\i}a-Palacios and L\'azaro, Phys. Rev. B 55, 1006 (1997)], we derive a formula for the nonlinear susceptibility of spin ensembles with randomly distributed anisotropy axes, ${\overline{\ensuremath{\chi}}}^{(3)},$ valid for any magnetic anisotropy with inversion symmetry. The analysis of this expression reveals that: (i) ${\overline{\ensuremath{\chi}}}^{(3)}$ is always negative, (ii) unlike the linear susceptibility, ${\overline{\ensuremath{\chi}}}^{(3)}$ remains anisotropy dependent after the random axes average (except for cubic anisotropy, for which ${\overline{\ensuremath{\chi}}}^{(3)}$ is equal to that of isotropic spins), (iii) the anisotropy always increases the magnitude of the nonlinear response, and (iv) since this increase depends on temperature, ${\overline{\ensuremath{\chi}}}^{(3)}$ deviates from the common ${\overline{\ensuremath{\chi}}}^{(3)}\ensuremath{\propto}{T}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ laws. The general expression for ${\overline{\ensuremath{\chi}}}^{(3)}$ is finally particularized to superparamagnets with competing uniaxial and cubic anisotropies and superparamagnets with biaxial anisotropy (arbitrary ``shape'' anisotropy), for which we study the crossovers between the different regimes (isotropic, discrete orientation, and plane rotator) induced by the magnetic anisotropy.
Bounds based on lumpable matrices for partially ordered state space (2006)

We consider the strong stochastic ("st") ordering on Markov chains whose states are naturally endowed with a partial order and we present an algorithmic derivation of lumpable upper bounding matrix.The comparison of Markov chains relies on the monotonicity property even if it is only sufficient. When the model is not monotone, we must build a monotone upper bound. Quite often the natural partial order of the model makes the problem monotone with this order. However, if we use a total order consistent with the partial one the model is often not monotone anymore for the total order. Furthermore, the monotonicity property for total order adds a lot of constraints which are irrelevant and make the bound less accurate.Here we assume that the model is monotone for the natural partial order and we must build a matrix which is larger in the strong stochastic sense and easier to solve. We build a lumpable bound and we store the lumped version to be analyzed.Lumpable upper bounding matrices may also be useful when they are associated to a total order. We can derive a bound of the Markov chain with a two phase algorithm: first we derive a lumpable upper bound from the specifications, we store the lumped version and we make this lumped matrix monotone in a second phase.
Entanglement Generation of Nearly Random Operators (2005)

We study the entanglement generation of operators whose statistical properties approach those of random matrices but are restricted in some way. These include interpolating ensemble matrices, where the interval of the independent random parameters are restricted, pseudorandom operators, where there are far fewer random parameters than required for random matrices, and quantum chaotic evolution. Restricting randomness in different ways allows us to probe connections between entanglement and randomness. We comment on which properties affect entanglement generation and discuss ways of efficiently producing random states on a quantum computer.
Formation of Hydrogen Peroxide by a Polyvinyl Alcohol Degrading Enzyme (1975)

Journal Article Formation of Hydrogen Peroxide by a Polyvinyl Alcohol Degrading Enzyme Get access Yasuto Watanabe, Yasuto Watanabe The Osaka Municipal Technical Research Institute, Kitaogimachi, Osaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Makoto Morita, Makoto Morita The Osaka Municipal Technical Research Institute, Kitaogimachi, Osaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Nobutake Hamada, Nobutake Hamada The Osaka Municipal Technical Research Institute, Kitaogimachi, Osaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yoshio Tsujisaka Yoshio Tsujisaka The Osaka Municipal Technical Research Institute, Kitaogimachi, Osaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 39, Issue 12, 1 December 1975, Pages 2447–2448, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1975.10861980 Published: 01 December 1975 Article history Received: 21 July 1975 Published: 01 December 1975
StRoM (2020)

Big data applications often incur large costs in I/O, data transfer and copying overhead, especially when operating in cloud environments. Since most such computations are distributed, data processing operations offloaded to the network card (NIC) could potentially reduce the data movement overhead by enabling near-data processing at several points of a distributed system. Following this idea, in this paper we present StRoM, a programmable, FPGA-based RoCE v2 NIC supporting the offloading of application level kernels. These kernels can be used to perform memory access operations directly from the NIC such as traversal of remote data structures as well as filtering or aggregation over RDMA data streams on both the sending or receiving sides. StRoM bypasses the CPU entirely and extends the semantics of RDMA to enable multi-step data access operations and in-network processing of RDMA streams. We demonstrate the versatility and potential of StRoM with four different kernels extending one-sided RDMA commands: 1) Traversal of remote data structures through pointer chasing, 2) Consistent retrieval of remote data blocks, 3) Data shuffling on the NIC by partitioning incoming data to different memory regions or CPU cores, and 4) Cardinality estimation on data streams.
Mechanics in medicine (2014)

Over decades, the theoretical and applied mechanics community has developed sophisticated approaches for analysing the behaviour of complex engineering systems. Most of these approaches have targeted systems in the transportation, materials, defence and energy industries. Applying and further developing engineering approaches for understanding, predicting and modulating the response of complicated biomedical processes not only holds great promise in meeting societal needs, but also poses serious challenges. This report, prepared for the US National Committee on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, aims to identify the most pressing challenges in biological sciences and medicine that can be tackled within the broad field of mechanics. This echoes and complements a number of national and international initiatives aiming at fostering interdisciplinary biomedical research. This report also comments on cultural/educational challenges. Specifically, this report focuses on three major thrusts in which we believe mechanics has and will continue to have a substantial impact. (i) Rationally engineering injectable nano/microdevices for imaging and therapy of disease. Within this context, we discuss nanoparticle carrier design, vascular transport and adhesion, endocytosis and tumour growth in response to therapy, as well as uncertainty quantification techniques to better connect models and experiments. (ii) Design of biomedical devices, including point-of-care diagnostic systems, model organ and multi-organ microdevices, and pulsatile ventricular assistant devices. (iii) Mechanics of cellular processes, including mechanosensing and mechanotransduction, improved characterization of cellular constitutive behaviour, and microfluidic systems for single-cell studies.
An X-ray Photoelectron (ESCA) and Laser Raman Spectroscopic Investigation of Aluminum Perrhenate (1980)

Compound formation in supported heterogeneous catalysts is an area of significant interest. In the present study, Al(ReO 4 ) 3 was prepared and characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and laser Raman spectroscopy. Characteristic spectra for Al(ReO 4 ) 3 are shown and compared to several rhenium reference compounds. The reduction behavior of Al(ReO 4 ) 3 is also explored; it was completely reduced to elemental rhenium in H 2 at 500°C.
Clonal Analyses of Retroviral Vector Integrations in ADA-SCID Patients Treated with Stem Cell Gene Therapy. (2006)

Abstract Gene transfer into hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSC) by gammaretroviral vectors is an effective treatment for patients affected by severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficiency. Recent studied have indicated that gammaretroviral vectors integrate in a non-random fashion in their host genome, but there is still limited information on the distribution of retroviral insertion sites (RIS) in human long-term reconstituting HSC following therapeutic gene transfer. We performed a genome-wide analysis of RIS in transduced bone marrow-derived CD34+ cells before transplantation (in vitro) and in hematopoietic cell subsets (ex vivo) from five ADA-SCID patients treated with gene therapy combined to low-dose busulfan. Vector-genome junctions were cloned by inverse or linker-mediated PCR, sequenced, mapped onto the human genome, and compared to a library of randomly cloned human genome fragments or to the expected distribution for the NCBI annotation. Both in vitro (n=212) and ex vivo (n=496) RIS showed a non-random distribution, with strong preference for a 5-kb window around transcription start sites (23.6% and 28.8%, respectively) and for gene-dense regions. Integrations occurring inside the transcribed portion of a RefSeq genes were more represented in vitro than ex vivo (50.9 vs 41.3%), while RIS <30kb upstream from the start site were more frequent in the ex vivo sample (25.6% vs 19.4%). Among recurrently hit loci (n=50), LMO2 was the most represented, with one integration cloned from pre-infusion CD34+ cells and five from post-gene therapy samples (2 in granulocytes, 3 in T cells). Clone-specific Q-PCR showed no in vivo expansion of LMO2-carrying clones while LMO2 gene overexpression at the bulk level was excluded by RT-PCR. Gene expression profiling revealed a preference for integration into genes transcriptionally active in CD34+ cells at the time of transduction as well as genes expressed in T cells. Functional clustering analysis of genes hit by retroviral vectors in pre- and post-transplant cells showed no in vivo skewing towards genes controlling self-renewal or survival of HSC (i.e. cell cycle, transcription, signal transduction). Clonal analysis of long-term repopulating cells (>=6 months) revealed a high number of distinct RIS (range 42–121) in the T-cell compartment, in agreement with the complexity of the T-cell repertoire, while fewer RIS were retrieved from granulocytes. The presence of shared integrants among multiple lineages confirmed that the gene transfer protocol was adequate to allow stable engraftment of multipotent HSC. Taken together, our data show that transplantation of ADA-transduced HSC does not result in skewing or expansion of malignant clones in vivo, despite the occurrence of insertions near potentially oncogenic genomic sites. These results, combined to the relatively long-term follow-up of patients, indicate that retroviral-mediated gene transfer for ADA-SCID has a favorable safety profile.
Hyperthyroidism due to non-tumoural inappropriate TSH secretion (1986)

Abstract. Inappropriate hypersecretion of TSH was investigated in a 25 year old man whose hyperthyroidism had relapsed 4 years after subtotal thyroidectomy. Serum TSH levels were further increased by both TRH and metoclopramide and were partially suppressed by triiodothyronine (120 μ/day). The serum α-subunit: TSH molar ratio was < 1.0, and computerised axial tomography showed no evidence of a pituitary tumour. These features are characteristic of inappropriate TSH secretion due to thyrotroph resistance to thyroid hormones. A long-acting somatostatin analogue (SMS 201-995), 50 μg injected sc twice-daily for three days, suppressed TSH levels and nearly normalised thyroid hormone levels. Somatostatin analogues may be therapeutically useful in thyrotoxicosis due to non-tumoural inappropriate TSH hypersecretion.
Endogenous interleukin-10 constrains Th17 cells in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (2011)

Endogenous IL-10 constrains Th17 cell development through the control of IL-1 production by DCs, and reaffirms the crucial anti-inflammatory role of IL-10 in patients with chronic inflammation.
Stabilization of flicker-like effects in image sequences through local contrast correction (2009)

Abstract. In this paper, we address the problem of the restoration of image sequences which have been affected by local intensity modifications (local contrast changes). Such artifacts can be encountered in particular in biological or archive film sequences, and are usually due to inconsistent exposures or sparse time sampling. In order to reduce such local artifacts, we introduce a local stabilization operator, called LStab, which acts as a time filtering on image patches and relies on a similarity measure which is robust to contrast changes. Thereby, this operator is able to take motion into account without resting on a sophisticated motion estimation procedure. The efficiency of the stabilization is shown on various sequences. The experimental results compares favorably with state of the art approaches. hal-00407796, version 2- 17 Dec 2009
Reciprocal Interactions Between Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Infections (1996)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) share the same routes of transmission, which explains the high rate of HCV and HIV coinfection (approximately 9%). HIV/HCV coinfection leads to high rates of indeterminate recombinant immunoblot assay patterns and seroreversion; high levels of viral replication; and a more severe histopathologic course. By contrast, HCV infection does not seem to accelerate the progression of HIV infection. Interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) in coinfected patients leads to a similar rate of primary responses, but sustained responses are less frequent. The potential severity of hepatitis C virus infection evidences the need for early diagnosis. Liver biopsy should be performed for all HCV RNA-positive patients in order to evaluate the activity of the liver disease. Given the poor efficiency of IFN-alpha in terms of sustained response in HIV-infected patients, reinforced therapeutic procedures (long-term administration of IFN-alpha or combined ribavirin/IFN-alpha) should be proposed, at least for those patients with severe liver disease.
Slow folding kinetics of RNase P RNA. (1996)

Understanding the folding mechanisms of large, highly structured RNAs is important for understanding how these molecules carry out their function. Although models for the three-dimensional architecture of several large RNAs have been constructed, the process by which these structures are formed is only now beginning to be explored. The kinetic folding pathway of the Tetrahymena ribozyme involves multiple intermediates and both Mg2+-dependent and Mg2+-independent steps. To determine whether this general mechanism is representative of folding of other large RNAs, a study of RNase P RNA folding was undertaken. We show, using a kinetic oligonucleotide hybridization assay, that there is at least one slow step on the folding pathway of RNase P RNA, resulting in conformational changes in the P7 helix region on the minute timescale. Although this folding event requires the presence of Mg2+, the slow step itself does not involve Mg2+ binding. The P7 and P2 helix regions exhibit distinctly different folding behavior and ion dependence, implying that RNase P folding is likely to be a complex process. Furthermore, there are distinct similarities in the folding of RNase P RNA from both Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli, indicating that the folding pathway may also be conserved along with the final structure. The slow folding kinetics, Mg2+-independence of the rate, and existence of intermediates are basic features of the folding mechanism of the Tetrahymena group I intron that are also found in RNase P RNA, suggesting these may be general features of the folding of large RNAs.
Simulation Analysis of Electric Field and Mechanical Stress of Ceramic Supporting Insulator in UHVDC Wall Bushing (2021)

Compared with epoxy resin composite materials, silicon nitride ceramics have excellent insulation and mechanical properties, and have certain application potential in SF<inf>6</inf> gasinsulated UHVDC equipment. Based on the silicon nitride ceramic material, this paper designs a "wine bottle shape" insulating pillar suitable for ±800kV pure SF<inf>6</inf> gas-insulated wall bushing. And using finite element simulation to compare its electrical and mechanical properties with traditional epoxy resin pillars. The study found that: compared with epoxy resin insulated pillars, the peak values of the tangential and normal electric fields of the ceramic insulating pillars are lower by 15% and 23.6%, respectively; The safety margin of ceramic insulated pillars is 112% higher than that of epoxy pillars under operating conditions; Under the magnitude 8 earthquake intensity, the safety margin of ceramic insulated pillars is 21.25% higher than that of epoxy pillars. The silicon nitride ceramic insulation pillar designed in this paper has passed the type test and has been put into operation at the Wuhan Converter Station in China.
First Experimental Assessment of ABNO-Driven In-Operation Flexgrid Network Re-Optimization (2014)

Traffic affected by link failures can be recovered using path restoration schemes. In dynamically operated networks provided with a control plane, restoration algorithms run in a centralized element, such as the path computation element (PCE). To increase traffic restorability in flexgrid networks, multiple paths, subconnections , can be used to restore every single affected connection. However, the multipath restoration scheme might result in a poor resource utilization entailing a lesser grade of service. In-operation network planning algorithms can be used to mitigate this problem once the failed link is repaired; we propose solving the so-called multipath after failure repair optimization problem (MP-AFRO) to reduce subconnections count by aggregating those belonging to the same original connection and rerouting the resulting connection to release spectral resources. The MP-AFRO problem is modeled using a mixed integer linear program formulation. In view of the complexity of the model and the limited time to solve the problem, we propose a heuristic algorithm that provides a good tradeoff between complexity and optimality. The performance on the MP-AFRO heuristic is firstly validated by simulation. Next, the heuristic algorithm is deployed inside an in-operation planning tool in the form of back-end PCE (bPCE) inside the application-based network operations architecture controlling a network; the bPCE is connected to the centralized active stateful PCE. MP-AFRO is experimentally demonstrated using a distributed field trial test-bed connecting the premises of Telefonica (Madrid), CNIT (Pisa), and UPC (Barcelona).
An interleaved-digit magnetic-drum store for a transistor digital computer (1956)

The magnetic-drum store for a small transistor digital computer operating at 58kc/s is described. The logical design of the computer requires the interleaving of the digits of the words—an arrangement which makes many words on the drum available concurrently and therefore permits economical 3-address operation. The working store has a capacity of 426 words, including a regenerative loop which is necessary for temporary storage, since not all the words are available concurrently. The proposed main store, which will be relay selected, has a capacity of 16384 words. Circuits are described for writing and reading the interleaved words on to and from the drum and for producing the timing pulses for the whole computer.
Inflammation, platelets, and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. (2002)

Atherosclerosis, with its thromboembolic complications (including sudden cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and other ischemic organ damage such as stroke and ischemic renovascular disease), represents by far the major cause of death, morbidity, and disability for industrialized countries, and is rapidly spreading worldwide. Atherosclerosis is also a paradigm for complex, multifactorial disorders that affect humans in an age-dependent fashion. Atherosclerosis has usually been studied in a descriptive framework of biological and clinical data gathered over more than a century. As such, it is a chronic inflammatory process that selectively affects arterial vessels, and is, at least in part, genetically predetermined. Despite spectacular progress in the cardiovascular discipline, with the development of therapeutic strategies that have substantially improved the outcome of affected patients, several key questions remain unanswered: Why is aging such a powerful risk for coronary artery disease? What is the triggering mechanism for atherosclerotic inflammation? Also, in the context of this and accompanying reviews, do we modify coronary inflammation with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockers? Recent progress in our understanding of the underlying process of atherosclerosis has provided us with the opportunity to refine the answers to some of these questions.
Seismic soil classification from a different perspective (2011)

The simplified seismic soil classification in many countries relies on the Vs30 parameter as a proxy to the amplification factor. The pros and cons of this approach have already been extensively debated in the literature. We present an alternative subsoil seismic classification which is based on expedite geophysical field procedures (passive/active single station and multichannel surveys, all relying on surface waves analysis) aimed at determining the resonance frequencies and the very shallow Vs profile. We show how the major drawbacks of the Vs30-based classification cab ne effectively overcome. In particular, the new approach 1) brings in the concept that the site class is not a universal concept but is strictly linked to the type of structure which is planned to be built on that site, 2) introduces a shift from the ‘depth-domain’ concept (30 m or 20 m or 10 m suggested by different authors) to the ‘frequency-domain’ concept and 3) does not take into account an ‘average’ stiffness but the abrupt stiffness changes, which play a major role in seismic amplification
Therapeutic Potential of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitors in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus (2008)

Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors are a new class of oral antidiabetic agents for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. Inhibition of the enzyme DPP-IV results in increased activity of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), the incretin hormones. Through the action of GLP-1 and GIP, DPP-IV inhibitors improve preprandial and postprandial glucose by enhancing insulin secretion and reducing postprandial concentrations of glucagon. This review examines the background, current evidence, and future therapeutic potential of this novel class of drug.
Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Association With Higher Incidence of Depressive Symptoms in a General Elderly Population: The AGES-Reykjavik Study (2015)

Most markers of progression of CSVD over time and some markers of baseline CSVD are associated with concurrently developing new depressive symptoms. These findings support the vascular depression hypothesis.