gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust scripting via patterns (2012)

Dynamic typing in scripting languages is a two-edged sword. On the one hand, it can be more flexible and more concise than static typing. On the other hand, it can lead to less robust code. We argue that patterns can give scripts much of the robustness of static typing, without losing the flexibility and concision of dynamic typing. To make this case, we describe a rich pattern system in the dynamic language Thorn. Thorn patterns interact with its control constructs and scoping rules to support concise and robust test-and-extract idioms. Thorn patterns encompass an extensive set of features from ML-style patterns to regular expressions and beyond. And Thorn patterns can be first-class and support pattern-punning (mirror constructor syntax). Overall, this paper describes a powerful pattern system that makes scripting more robust.
Treatment of pityriasis versicolor with a single dose of fluconazole. (1992)

Twenty-four patients with extensive or recurrent pityriasis versicolor were treated with a single oral dose of 400 mg of fluconazole. Twenty-three patients returned for follow up. Seventeen or 74%, were free of lesions 3 weeks after treatment and no recurrences were seen 6 weeks after treatment. The majority of the patients found the treatment effective, safe and convenient.
Studies on Submerged Mold Amylase (1957)

エヤーリフト培養槽と従来の培養槽とを使用して液体麹の製造の工業試験を行い,その液体麹を使用し300石の液体麹アミロ酒母法を行った. 1) 培養槽の型式および通気法式の差異により同一培地から異った酵素組成比の液体麹が得られる,この原因は通気の大小によるより寧ろ攪乱強度の差異によるものと思われる. 2) エヤーリフト単純通気と底部通気とを適当に組合せることにより,培養のpHを調節することが或る程度可能で,従来理想的の培養型式と考えられた通気攪伴型式とほぼ同様な培養效果を得ることが可能であり,攪伴機を省略し培養に要する電力を節約することが出来る. 3) 酒精発酵の工業試験の結果エヤーリフト培養槽は工業的に使用し得られることを認めた.
Radiolysis Process Model (2012)

Assessing the performance of spent (used) nuclear fuel in geological repository requires quantification of time-dependent phenomena that may influence its behavior on a time-scale up to millions of years. A high-level waste repository environment will be a dynamic redox system because of the time-dependent generation of radiolytic oxidants and reductants and the corrosion of Fe-bearing canister materials. One major difference between used fuel and natural analogues, including unirradiated UO2, is the intense radiolytic field. The radiation emitted by used fuel can produce radiolysis products in the presence of water vapor or a thin-film of water (including OH• and H• radicals, O2-, eaq, H2O2, H2, and O2) that may increase the waste form degradation rate and change radionuclide behavior. H2O2 is the dominant oxidant for spent nuclear fuel in an O2 depleted water environment, the most sensitive parameters have been identified with respect to predictions of a radiolysis model under typical conditions. As compared with the full model with about 100 reactions it was found that only 30-40 of the reactions are required to determine [H2O2] to one part in 10–5 and to preserve most of the predictions for major species. This allows a systematic approach for model simplification and offers guidance in designing experiments for validation.
Novel nuclear localization signal between the two DNA-binding zinc fingers in the human vitamin D receptor (1998)

The human vitamin D receptor (hVDR) possesses a unique array of five basic amino acids positioned between the two DNA-binding zinc fingers that is similar to well-characterized nuclear localization sequences in other proteins. When residues within this region are mutated to nonbasic amino acids, or when this domain is deleted, the receptor is still well expressed, but it no longer associates with the vitamin D-responsive element in DNA, in vitro, and hVDR-mediated transcriptional activation is abolished in transfected cells. Concomitantly, the mutated hVDRs exhibit a significant shift in hVDR cellular distribution favoring cytoplasmic over nuclear retention as assessed by subcellular fractionation and immunoblotting. Independent immunocytochemical studies employing a VDR-specific monoclonal antibody demonstrate that mutation or deletion of this basic domain dramatically attenuates hVDR nuclear localization in transfected COS-7 cells. Although wild-type hVDR is partitioned predominantly to the nucleus in the absence of the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) hormone, treatment with ligand further enhances nuclear translocation, as it does to some degree in receptors with the basic region altered. The role of 1,25(OH)2D3 may be to facilitate hVDR heterodimerization with retinoid X receptors, stimulating subsequent DNA binding and ultimately enhancing nuclear retention. Taken together, these data reveal that the region of hVDR between Arg-49 and Lys-55 contains a novel constitutive nuclear localization signal, RRSMKRK.
Apolipoprotein (a) concentrations are not related to the risk of venous thrombosis (1991)

The protein moiety of lipoprotein (a) consists of apoB-100 and apolipoprotein (a). Lipoprotein (a) is an independent risk factor for premature atherosclerosis. Apolipoprotein (a) and plasminogen are structurally homologous. Through interference with the fibrinolytic system, lipoprotein (a) may act as a thrombogenic factor. Therefore, we have determined apolipoprotein (a) in 203 patients with venous thrombosis and/or embolism below the age of 45 years and in 115 healthy volunteers. The frequency distribution of apolipoprotein (a) in thrombosis patients resembled that in the reference group. It is concluded that there is no clinically relevant association between apolipoprotein (a) concentrations and the risk of venous thrombosis in young subjects.
Adaptive Yaw Rate Feedback 4WS with Tire/Road Friction Coefficient Estimator (1997)

SUMMARY This paper proposes an adaptive yaw rate feedback control system for a four-wheel-steering (4WS) vehicle which involves a tire/road friction coefficient estimator. The adaptive 4WS system has been developed so that the vehicle possesses desirable lateral characteristics even on slippery roads and in critical driving situations. The friction coefficient is estimated on real time from the yaw rate response of the controlled vehicle with the least squares. The control system adopts a two degree of freedom structure which consists of a feedforward compensator and a feedback control subsystem. The feedforward compensator is determined with the estimated friction coefficient to minimize the steady-state and transient vehicle slip angle in spite of changes in tire/road conditions. The feedback subsystem adopts the Internal Model Control (IMC) structure in order to compensate for nonlinearities and to realize robustness against modelling and estimation errors.
Ecological Approach to Support Pilot Terrain Awareness After Total Engine Failure (2008)

Terrain awareness enhancing avionics, such as Synthetic Vision Systems and the Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System, have been developed to reduce the number of controlled flight into terrain accidents. The protection these systems offer, however, is far from optimal. Synthetic Vision Systems only provide pilots with perceptual data, and leave all cognition and interpretation of data to the pilot. With Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning Systems the opposite is true. Here, pilots are only confronted with compelling advisories and commands without the underlying data and rationale. This paper presents a display system, the Emergency Landing Guidance System, that visualizes the functional of surrounding terrain, adopting an ecological interface design approach. The potential benefits of this approach are demonstrated with the case of locating and approaching a suitable landing area after sudden complete engine failure. To evaluate the effect of the new display on pilot terrain awareness, an experiment was conducted in a fixed-base flight simulator. Results show that the new display supports pilot terrain awareness much better than present terrain avoidance systems, i.e., pilots better understand the meaning of the terrain in relation to their goals and constraints. However, pilots also operated more closely to the limits of performance, thereby negatively affecting the metrics for safety.
Brain injury and recovery : theoretical and controversial issues (1988)

The idea for the present volume grew from discussions that the four of us had among ourselves and with our colleagues at recent scientific All of us were impressed by the wealth of empirical data that was being generated by investigators interested in brain damage and recovery from both behavioral and biological orientations. Nevertheless, we were concerned about the relative paucity of attempts to evaluate the data provided by new technologies in more than a narrow context or to present new theories or reexamine time-honored ideas in the light of new findings. We recognized that science is guided by new technologies, by hard data, and by theories and ideas. Yet we were forced to conclude that, although investi gators were often anxious to publicize new methods and empirical fmdings, the same could not be said about broad hypotheses, underlying concepts, or in ferences and speculations that extended beyond the empirical data. Not only were many scientists not formally discussing the broad implications of their data, but, when stimulating ideas were presented, they were more likely to be heard in the halls or over a meal than in organized sessions at scientific meetings.
Volatile Organic Compounds Off-gassing from Firefighters’ Personal Protective Equipment Ensembles after Use (2015)

Firefighters' personal protective equipment (PPE) ensembles will become contaminated with various compounds during firefighting. Some of these compounds will off-gas following a response, which could result in inhalation exposure. This study was conducted to determine the magnitude and composition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) generated during controlled structure burns that subsequently off-gassed from the firefighters' PPE, and were systemically absorbed and exhaled in firefighters' breath. Three crews of five firefighters performed entry, suppression, and overhaul during a controlled burn. We used evacuated canisters to sample air inside the burn structure during active fire and overhaul. After each burn, we placed PPE from two firefighters inside clean enclosures and sampled the air using evacuated canisters over 15 min. Firefighters' exhaled breath was collected ∼1 hr before and 4-14 min after each burn. Using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, the evacuated canister samples were analyzed for 64 VOCs and the exhaled breath samples were analyzed for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and styrene (BTEXS). Fourteen of the same VOCs were detected off-gassing from PPE in 50% or more of the samples. Compared to background levels, we measured >5 fold increases in mean off-gas concentrations of styrene, benzene, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, acetone, and cyclohexane. Several of the compounds detected off-gassing from PPE were also measured at concentrations above background during active fire and overhaul, including benzene, propene, and styrene. The overhaul and off-gas air concentrations were well below applicable short-term occupational exposure limits. Compared to pre-burn levels, we measured >2 fold increases in mean breath concentrations of benzene, toluene, and styrene after the burns. Air concentrations of BTEXS measured off-gassing from firefighters' used PPE and in firefighters' post-burn exhaled breath were significantly correlated. The firefighters may have absorbed BTEXS through both the dermal route (during firefighting) and inhalation route (from off-gassing PPE after firefighting). Firefighters should be made aware of the potential for inhalation exposure when doffing and traveling in confined vehicles with contaminated PPE and take measures to minimize this exposure pathway.
Deletion and acquisition of genomic content during early stage adaptation of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> to a human host environment (2012)

Adaptation of bacterial pathogens to a permanently host-associated lifestyle by means of deletion or acquisition of genetic material is usually examined through comparison of present-day isolates to a distant theoretical ancestor. This limits the resolution of the adaptation process. We conducted a retrospective study of the dissemination of the P.aeruginosa DK2 clone type among patients suffering from cystic fibrosis, sequencing the genomes of 45 isolates collected from 16 individuals over 35 years. Analysis of the genomes provides a high-resolution examination of the dynamics and mechanisms of the change in genetic content during the early stage of host adaptation by this P.aeruginosa strain as it adapts to the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung of several patients. Considerable genome reduction is detected predominantly through the deletion of large genomic regions, and up to 8% of the genome is deleted in one isolate. Compared with in vitro estimates the resulting average deletion rates are 12- to 36-fold higher. Deletions occur through both illegitimate and homologous recombination, but they are not IS element mediated as previously reported for early stage host adaptation. Uptake of novel DNA sequences during infection is limited as only one prophage region was putatively inserted in one isolate, demonstrating that early host adaptation is characterized by the reduction of genomic repertoire rather than acquisition of novel functions. Finally, we also describe the complete genome of this highly adapted pathogenic strain of P.aeruginosa to strengthen the genetic basis, which serves to help our understanding of microbial evolution in a natural environment.
Diagnostic and prognostic significance of the CFU-c assay in acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia. (1981)

A simplified system for classification of aggregate incidence and growth pattern in the CFU-c (colony-forming units in culture) assay, allowing simple and reproducible interpretation of test results, was developed and applied to 552 bone marrow samples from 202 patients with acute leukemia. Ninety-six consecutive patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia were studied at diagnosis. The microcluster growth pattern ("acute myeloid leukemia-type") found in 57% of the patients was significantly associated with higher remission induction rates on both protocols (p = 0.004). No relationship between growth pattern at diagnosis and remission duration was observed. The acute myeloid leukemia-type growth pattern was found to be more frequent in leukemias exhibiting morphological evidence for partial myeloid or monocytic differentiation. The favorable prognostic significance of Auer rods previously described was recognized in two CFU-c growth pattern categories. Of patients exhibiting an acute myeloid leukemia-growth pattern and Auer rods, 89% obtained complete remissions compared to 38% in the Auer rod-negative group showing other growth pattern variants. The CFU-c assays performed during complete remission on 354 samples of 48 patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia and, as a control, on 85 samples of 43 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia revealed marked spontaneous as well as chemotherapy-related fluctuations of aggregate incidence and growth pattern. These and similar observations obtained with other assay systems are probably of major pathophysiological significance but preclude clinical application of the CFU-c assay to the monitoring of remission status in patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia.
Evaluation of Methane Production of Six Varieties of Date Pulp Waste (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) (2018)

Anaerobic digestion is the biodegradation of the waste materials with the aid of microorganisms which grow in the absence of oxygen. Fruits and vegetable wastes are a good substrate with potential to produce biomethane and are abundantly available. The present study investigated the biogas production of 6 different varieties of date pulp (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) and the possible correlation with their bio-chemical compositions (total solids, volatile matter, lipids, proteins, ash, sugars and polyphenols content). The methane production curves were fitted to the modified Gompertz model to extract the kinetic parameters related to the methane production. The specific methane production potential of the variety Kenichi alone was the lowest with 252 NL CH4∙kg VS-1. However, the variety Deglet Nour had a maximum methane production potential with 334 NL CH4∙kg VS-1. The data were subjected to Pearson correlation test and Principal Component Analysis. Results show that the total sugars contributed the most to the methane potential and the methane production rate, which indicates that date pulps with more total sugars could bring about more and faster methane yield.
RAINFALL: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study of cisplatin (Cis) plus capecitabine (Cape) or 5FU with or without ramucirumab (RAM) as first-line therapy in patients with metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction (G-GEJ) adenocarcinoma. (2018)

5 Background: Ramucirumab, a VEGFR-2 IgG1 human monoclonal antibody, is the only biologic with proven efficacy as both a single-agent and in combination with paclitaxel in the second-line treatment of G-GEJ adenocarcinoma. RAINFALL (NCT02314117) is a global, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial addressing the hypothesis that adding ramucirumab to first-line Cis plus Cape or 5-fluorouracil (5FU) produces significant clinical benefit. Methods: Metastatic G-GEJ cancer patients eligible for first-line chemotherapy with ECOG performance status 0-1 were randomized 1:1 to receive either RAM (8 mg/kg iv D1, D8) or placebo (PL), every 21d. All patients received Cape (or 5FU)+Cis. Cis was given for up to 6 cycles. Cape+RAM/placebo was continued until progressive disease, toxicity or other discontinuation criteria. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) for the first 508 patients; overall survival (OS) for ITT population was a powered secondary endpoint. Results: 645 patients were randomized to receive RAM+Cape/Cis (n=326) or PL+Cape/Cis (n=319). PFS was significantly prolonged in patients treated with RAM+Cape/Cis versus PL+Cape/Cis (HR, 0.75; 95% CI 0.61–0.94; p=0.011; median, 5.7 vs 5.4 mos), meeting the primary endpoint. There was no survival benefit for patients treated with RAM+Cape/Cis versus PL+Cape/Cis (HR, 0.96; 95% CI 0.80–1.16; p=0.68; median, 11.2 vs 10.7 mos). ORR in the ITT population was 41.1% in the RAM arm (95% CI 35.8–46.4) and 36.4% (95% CI 31.1–41.6) in the PL arm. Grade ≥3 adverse events in ≥10% of patients in the RAM arm were: neutropenia (26.3% RAM; 27.0% PL), anemia (12.1% RAM; 14.0% PL), and hypertension (9.9% RAM; 1.6% PL). No new safety signals were observed. Conclusions: In treatment-naïve patients with metastatic G-GEJ adenocarcinoma, the addition of ramucirumab to first-line chemotherapy conferred a significant 25% reduction in the risk of disease progression or death in the primary endpoint of PFS; however, ramucirumab was not associated with an improved OS. Clinical trial information: NCT02314117.
The mouse histone H2a.2 gene from chomosome 3 (1989)

We report the sequence of the mouse H2a-614 gene (1), which encodes an H2a.2 protein (2), consistent with its assignment as a "partially replication- dependent" histone gene (3). The sequence extends to the previously reported H3.2-614 gene (4). Both of these genes are highly expressed accounting for 30- 40% of the total histone mRNA (1). The four underlined amino acids distinguish the H2a.2 protein from the H2a.l protein (2). The start and end of the mRNAs are indicated by italics. The TATAA, CCAAT, and Spl binding sites in the promoters and the stem-loop and purine-rich sequences necessary for proper 3' end formation are underlined.
Development of<i>Erysiphe pulchra</i>, the causal agent of powdery mildew, on leaf disks of susceptible and resistant flowering dogwood (<i>Cornus florida</i>) (2006)

Understanding the relative contribution of the different resistance components is necessary to develop selection schemes and accelerate resistant-cultivar development. This study was conducted to investigate spore germination, infection-structure formation, and fungal development of Erysiphe pulchra, the causal agent of powdery mildew, on leaf disks of six cultivars or lines of flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) with different levels of resistance. The cultivars and lines tested were grouped into the following three resistance categories: highly susceptible (‘Cherokee Daybreak’ and MW 94-60), moderately susceptible (‘Cherokee Princess’ and MW 95-25), and resistant (‘Cherokee Brave’ and ‘Karen’s Appalachian Blush’). Percentages of spore germination and secondary-appressoria formation were not significantly different among the cultivars and lines. Significantly less percent germinated conidia with branched hyphae were observed on resistant cultivars than on the moderately susceptible cultivar or line, which was less than on the highly susceptible cultivar or line. Infection efficiencies were significantly different among cultivars and lines in the three resistance categories, except that there were no differences between ‘Cherokee Princess’ and the resistant cultivars. Resistant cultivars supported shorter latent periods than moderately and highly susceptible cultivars or lines, but no differences in latent period were detected between the later two resistance categories. The recently released ‘Karen’s Appalachian Blush’ expressed higher levels of resistance to powdery mildew than did ‘Cherokee Brave’, as indicated by the longer latent period and reduced relative sporulation of the pathogen.
Mathematics and Emergent Evolution (1930)

Journal Article Mathematics and Emergent Evolution Get access Oliver L. Reiser Oliver L. Reiser University of Pittsburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Monist, Volume 40, Issue 4, 1 October 1930, Pages 509–525, https://doi.org/10.5840/monist19304042 Published: 23 December 2014
Epidural Anesthesia and Intrathoracic Blood Volume (1993)

To investigate how epidural anesthesia changes intrathoracic gas volume, high epidural anesthesia was administered to five pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs lying supine, and the total intrathoracic volume at end-expiration was measured with a high-speed three-dimensional x-ray scanner. The amount of gas in the lungs at end-expiration [the functional residual capacity (FRC)] was measured with a nitrogen washout technique, and the intrathoracic tissue volume, including the intrathoracic blood volume, was calculated as the difference between intrathoracic volume at end-expiration and FRC. High epidural anesthesia with the local anesthetic etidocaine to a T-1 myotomal level significantly (P < 0.05) increased intrathoracic volume at end-expiration [76 +/- 35 mL (M +/- SD)] by significantly increasing both intrathoracic tissue volume (33 +/- 15 mL) and FRC (43 +/- 26 mL). Increases in intrathoracic tissue volume were probably caused by increases in intrathoracic blood volume. We conclude that increases in FRC caused by epidural anesthesia in anesthetized dogs lying supine may be minimized by a concurrent increase in intrathoracic blood volume. These results suggest that measurements of thoracic gas volume alone may be insufficient to describe chest wall responses to epidural anesthesia.
Prevention of Cu degradation using <i>in situ</i> N2 plasma treatment in a dual-damascene process (2005)

The surface state of copper after an etching process using CF4 gas has been analyzed. Copper surface stability against corrosion is evaluated through a storage test performed under high-humidity conditions after the etching process. The storage test reveals that the copper surface suffered from both corrosion and oxidation. The copper degradation is caused by a postreaction between moisture and residual fluorine, wherein the resulting oxygen-containing copper film features a rough surface morphology. We examined in situ plasma treatments with several gases to reduce corrosive reactions. Results indicate that in situ N2 plasma treatment removes fluorine residue from the copper surface, and that this treatment effectively stabilizes the copper surface against corrosive conditions.