gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequential or alternating doxorubicin and CMF regimens in breast cancer with more than three positive nodes. Ten-year results (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To improve current adjuvant results in patients with resectable mammary carcinoma and more than three positive axillary lymph nodes. <h3>Design.</h3> —A prospective randomized study was carried out to compare the effectiveness of four courses of doxorubicin hydrochloride followed by eight courses of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF) (sequential regimen) vs two courses of CMF alternated with one course of doxorubicin for a total of 12 courses (alternating regimen). All drug courses were recycled every 3 weeks. The median duration of follow-up at the time of current analysis was 9 years. <h3>Setting.</h3> —The study was conducted on patients operated on for primary unilateral breast cancer at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan, Italy. Adjuvant chemotherapy was delivered in the outpatient clinic of the Division of Medical Oncology. <h3>Patients.</h3> —A total of 405 women were entered into the study, 403 of whom met the protocol criteria. Patient characteristics were fairly well balanced between the two treatment groups, with the exception of extent of nodal involvement: 38% with more than 10 positive nodes were randomized to the alternating regimen compared with 29% in the sequential regimen (<i>P</i>=.08). <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Relapse-free and total survival at 10 years after surgery estimated according to the Kaplan-Meier product limit method. <h3>Results.</h3> —Treatment outcome was significantly superior for patients who received the sequential regimen compared with those given the alternating chemotherapy. The relapse-free survival was 42% vs 28% (<i>P</i>=.002) and total survival was 58% vs 44% (<i>P</i>=.002), respectively. The benefit of the sequential regimen was evident in all patient subsets. Treatment was fairly well tolerated, but we documented four cases of congestive heart failure, which was fatal in two patients. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Current findings indicate that in women with extensive nodal involvement, sequential chemotherapy with doxorubicin followed by CMF yields superior results compared with the alternating administration of the same regimens or with classical CMF. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:542-547)
Voltage and current based MPPT of solar arrays under variable insolation and temperature conditions (2008)

Voltage-based (VMPPT) and current-based (CMPPT) maximum power point tracking are simple and practical approaches for improving the efficiency of photovoltaic systems A problem in practical implementation of these trackers is the impact of array temperature deteriorating their accuracy. This paper uses theoretical and experimental data and analysis to investigate the impact of insolation and temperature on the performance of VMPPT and CMPPT techniques. Simulations are carried in Matlab environment and measurements are performed using an experimental setup consisting of a solar array, a personal computer, interface boards and thermal sensors.
98. The decomposition of diazo-compounds in neutral solution. Some observations on the diazo-coupling reaction (1943)

H. H. Hodgson and E. Marsden, J. Chem. Soc., 1943, 379 DOI: 10.1039/JR9430000379
Coexistence of Exciton Fission and Fusion in Tetracene Crystals (1970)

Triplet exciton fusion and singlet excition fission have been observed in tetracene crystals, and the magnetic field dependence and the rate constants for these processes have been measured. At 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C the singlet fission rate constant and the triplet-triplet fusion rate constant (leading to excited singlets) are (6.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.7) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{8}$ ${\mathrm{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and 9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$ sec-1 (within an order of magnitude), respectively.
N-Methylation of NH-Containing Heterocycles with Dimethyl Carbonate Catalyzed by TMEDA (2011)

Abstract A practical method for N-methylation of NH-containing heterocycles using an environmentally safe and less toxic methylating reagent, dimethyl carbonate, has been developed. N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA), an extremely active organocatalyst for the methylation of imides, indoles, benzimidazoles, and piperazines in conjunction with dimethyl carbonate, can lead to N-methylation products with high conversion. The reaction sequence consists of competing alkylation and acylation pathways and involves TMEDA as a nucleophilic catalyst. A possible reaction mechanism is discussed based on the reaction results.
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF MEDROGESTONE: A NEW ORALLY ACTIVE PROGESTIN (1966)

Summary. A new synthetic orally active progestational agent 'Medrogestone' was investigated and its activity compared to progesterone and medroxyprogesterone acetate (map). Medrogestone fulfils the criteria of a pure gestagen, it has a spectrum of biological activity similar to that of progesterone but unlike progesterone, it is orally active. Medrogestone is free of undesirable side effects in experimental animals. It is being investigated clinically as an oral progestin (Carter, Faucher & Greenblatt, 1964).
Event qualification: a gateway to at-speed system testing (2002)

The author describes an event qualification architecture that can be designed into ICs to provide the timing and control required to activate an IC's test logic effectively during normal system operation. The proposed approach combines boundary test logic with a patented event qualification (EQUAL) architecture that can be incorporated into IC designs. While the EQUAL architecture can be used to control a variety of different IC test structures, combining it with boundary test logic is ideal for testing at-speed data transfers between ICs on a board design. EQUAL's ability to enable boundary test logic to capture at-speed data transfers between ICs allows testing for timing-sensitive and/or intermittent failures that may occur during system operation. The capabilities described here are based on results from an experiment in which a board was designed with prototype ICs that include boundary test logic and EQUAL architecture. Experimental results showed that the approach allowed meaningful at-speed test data to be obtained nonintrusively from an operating circuit board, using only scan access to set up the test and extract the results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
International energy technology collaboration: wind power integration into electricity systems (2006)

A rapid growth of wind power since the 1990s has led to notable market shares in some electricity markets. This growth is concentrated in a few countries with effective Research, Development and Demonstration (RD&D) programmes and with policies that support its diffusion into the market place. The speed and depth of its penetration in these electricity markets have amplified the need to address grid integration concerns, so as not to impede the further penetration of wind power. Research on technologies, tools and practices for integrating large amounts of wind power into electricity supply systems is attempting to respond to this need. In recent years, existing international collaborative research efforts have expanded their focus to include grid integration of wind power and new consortia have been formed to pool knowledge and resources. Effective results benefit a few countries that already have a significant amount of wind in their electricity supply fuel mix, as well as to the potential large markets worldwide. This paper focuses on the challenge of bringing significant amounts of intermittent generating sources into grids dominated by large central generating units. It provides a brief overview of the growth of wind power, mainly since 1990, the technical and operational issues related to integration and selected collaborative programmes underway to address grid integration concerns.
The synthesis of carbon nanomaterials using chlorinated hydrocarbons over a Fe-Co/CaCO3 catalyst (2016)

The effect of chlorine on the morphology of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) prepared from a Fe-Co/CaCO 3 catalyst was investigated using chlorobenzene (CB), dichlorobenzene (DCB), trichlorobenzene (TCB), dichloroethane (DCE), trichloroethane (TCE) and tetrachloroethane (TTCE) as chlorine sources using a catalytic chemical vapour deposition (CCVD) method. Toluene was used as a chlorine-free carbon source for comparison. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were successfully synthesized. The physicochemical properties of the CNTs were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The inner and outer diameters of the MWCNTs increased with an increase in the number of chlorine atoms contained in the reactant. Chlorine incorporation into the MWCNTs was observed by EDS analysis for all reactants. Formation of ‘bamboo-like’ structures for the MWCNTs generated from TCE and TTCE was also observed, facilitated by the presence of the high percentage of chlorine in these reactants. Numerous MWCNTs revealed the presence of small carbon nanostructures that grew on top of the dominant CNTs, suggesting an unexpected secondary carbon growth mechanism. KEYWORDS  Multi-walled carbon nanotubes, CVD, synthesis, chlorine, benzenes, ethanes.
Cytology of the Ray Cells in Sapwood and Heartwood (1959)

ISSN:0018-3830
‘Daughters Sacrificed to Strangers’: Interracial Desires and Intertextual Memories in Caryl Phillips's <i>Cambridge</i> (2009)

Abstract This chapter examines Caryl Phillips' Cambridge (1991). In this novel, the events on an early nineteenth-century West Indian estate are told and retold from a variety of competing perspectives, with the central narrative conflict unfolding between the accounts given by the middle-class Englishwoman, Emily Cartwright, and the eponymous slave, Cambridge. What is notable about this intratextual exchange is the way in which it functions as a mirror for the novel's intertextual practices, particularly as they relate to Matthew Lewis's Journal – the primary historical source on which Phillips bases Emily's own plantation memoir. Despite his Christian stoicism, Cambridge is, with respect to this memoir, a figure of rebellion: he tells a tale in which the white male sexual violence unspoken by Emily is dramatically articulated in the rape of his own slave-wife by the plantation manager. His subversive counter-statement is simultaneously the vehicle through which Phillips's novel itself rebels against Lewis's text, breaching its silences and polluting its discursive purity.
Energy-efficient Multicast Routing Protocol in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (2005)

This paper introduces a new multicast routing protocol that exploits the broadcast nature of the wireless communication environmentand addresses the need for energy-efficient operation. On the construction of energy-efficient multicast tree,a node joins the multicast tree by takinginto consideration not only the incremental cost but also the energy consumption of it. This protocol uses a localized prediction scheme for treemaintenance. It provides a scheme to balance the energy consumption among all nodes.
Deep-Sea Pressure Effects on Starch Hydrolysis by Marine Bacteria (1969)

澱粉加水分解能をもった細菌は, 海水や海底堆積物中に, または海産動物と共に広く分布しているように思われる. 9,500mにもおよぶ深さから分離されたいくつかの菌株は, 1,000気圧前後の水圧下で増殖し, しかも澱粉を加水分解しうることが判明したが, 浅所からの大半の分離種の増殖は, 300～600気圧の圧力で阻害された. 1気圧で増殖させられた細菌培養液やその培養液から菌体を除いた上澄液, および洗条菌体は, 1,000気圧のもとで澱粉を加水分解しうることが示された. 菌の対数増殖期における全培養液による澱粉加水分解作用力は, 1気圧の作用力に対し, 500気圧では平均85%に, また1,000気圧では82%に低下することが判明した. この原因は, 大部分細菌の増殖と酵素生成に対する阻害に起因している. 4℃～35℃の温度範囲では, 深海水圧がアミラーゼを不活性化する傾向が多少あった. この傾向があるにもかかわらず, α-アミラーゼによる澱粉加水分解速度は, とくに25°～60℃範囲で深海水圧によって促進されたが, この理由は多分高圧が絶体化学反応速度を促進するためであろう. 圧力上昇に伴って, α-アミラーゼの熱不活性化は遅延させられた.
Antimicrobial activity of essential oils of <i>Physalis angulata</i> L (2010)

The need for a reduction in drug resistance led to the investigation of Argemone Mexicana L. as an agent against Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Candida stellatoidea and Candida torulopsis, using well diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentrations methods. The sensitivity of Bacillus Subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus to the essential oils of both the aerial and root parts were determined. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant to the essential oil from both the aerial and root part of the plant. C. torulopsis, C. stellatoidea and C. albicans were susceptible to the essential oils from the aerial and root part of the plant. The minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging between 3.75 mg/ml and 4.0 mg/ml were recorded for Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae by the aerial and the root extracts, but P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were not susceptible to the aerial and root extracts. The observed inhibition of selected bacteria and fungi by oils of Physalis angulata makes it a promising antimicrobial agent. This study justifies its uses for treatment of sores, cuts, intestinal and digestive problems and some skin-diseases often reported in folkloric medicine.
Peptide Stability in Aqueous Parenteral Formulations (1994)

Certain peptides are chemically unstable in aqueous parenteral formulations at pH 5-7 and room temperature, largely because of reactive peptide sequences. The major degradation pathways and rate constants for peptide breakdown are reviewed herein, where the reactive peptide sequences (such as Asp-Pro or Asn-Gly) are identified, and an estimate made as to whether or not such a sequence permits a two-year shelf-life when formulated in aqueous solution at 25°C. Corroboration is made between the degradation rates for model and therapeutic peptides, showing that an accurate prediction of unstable peptide primary sequences is possible, and should aid in peptide drug and formulation design.
Developing an Information System for Monitoring Student's Activity in Online Collaborative Learning (2008)

In this paper we address the issue of monitoring studentspsila and groupspsila activity in online collaborative learning environments. This issue is especially important in the collaborative e-learning context, since an efficient monitoring process can provide valuable information to online instructors who may guide and support the development of collaborative learning projects. We have developed and tested an information system model which facilitates the automatic generation of weekly monitoring reports derived from data contained in server log files. These reports provide online instructors with visual information regarding studentspsila and groupspsila activity, thus allowing for a quick and easy classification of students and groups according to their activity level. Therefore, entities with a low activity level are identified as soon as possible and just-in-time assistance can be established for them. Furthermore, instructors can use these monitoring reports to forecast potential problems -such as studentspsila dropouts or possible conflicts inside the groups due to unbalanced distribution of tasks- and take operational and tactical decisions oriented to avoid them.
Methylene Blue Absorption by Montmorillonites. Determinations of Surface Areas and Exchange Capacities with Different Initial Cation Saturations (Clay‐Organic Studies XIX) (1970)

Abstract Absorption isotherms have been determined for methylene blue absorbed from aqueous solutions on montmorillonites saturated with various cations. Surface areas are determined from observations of the amount of methylene blue absorbed on the clay required to produce optimum flocculation; this condition corresponds to an effective coverage of the surfaces with methylene blue ions. Cation exchange capacities are determined from saturation absorptions. With Li‐ and Na‐saturated clays, the surface areas are approximately 750 m 2 /g and the exchange capacities agree with values obtained by titration techniques. With K‐montmorillonites, values about 15% smaller are obtained and this is probably due to a small fraction of the clay not expanding beyond about 15Å in water. With M 2+ ‐montmorillonites, a marked difference in behavior is observed between a clay from Wyoming and one from Texas. The Wyoming clay gives much smaller effective flocculation areas and clearly defined saturation absorptions are not obtained. These results are attributed to relatively large particle sizes, so that external surfaces are covered when internal surfaces are only partially covered, and ultimate saturation is hindered by the large particles. With finer particles, the Texas clay gives flocculation areas nearer to those obtained with Li‐ and Na‐clays and the apparent exchange capacities also are nearer to those obtained for the monovalent ion clays. A limitation on surface area measurements for montmorillonites with exchange capacities less than about 100 meq/100 g is discussed.
Wind direction estimation using SCADA data with consensus-based optimization (2019)

Abstract. Wind turbines in a wind farm typically operate individually to maximize their own performance and do not take into account information from nearby turbines. To enable cooperation to achieve farm-level objectives, turbines will need to use information from nearby turbines to optimize performance, ensure resiliency when other sensors fail, and adapt to changing local conditions. A key element of achieving a more efficient wind farm is to develop algorithms that ensure reliable, robust, real-time, and efficient operation of wind turbines in a wind farm using local sensor information that is already being collected, such as supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data, local meteorological stations, and nearby radars/sodars/lidars. This article presents a framework for developing a cooperative wind farm that incorporates information from nearby turbines in real time to better align turbines in a wind farm. SCADA data from multiple turbines can be used to make better estimates of the local inflow conditions at each individual turbine. By incorporating measurements from multiple nearby turbines, a more reliable estimate of the wind direction can be obtained at an individual turbine. The consensus-based approach presented in this paper uses information from nearby turbines to estimate wind direction in an iterative way rather than aggregating all the data in a wind farm at once. Results indicate that this estimate of the wind direction can be used to improve the turbine's knowledge of the wind direction. This estimated wind direction signal has implications for potentially decreasing dynamic yaw misalignment, decreasing the amount of time a turbine spends yawing due to a more reliable input to the yaw controller, increasing resiliency to faulty wind-vane measurements, and increasing the potential for wind farm control strategies such as wake steering.
The isolation and identification of further antigenic types of African horsesickness virus (1962)

The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.
What's in a name? (1998)

Journal Article What's in a name? Get access Jean Irvine Jean Irvine Jean Irvine is BCS Vice-President, External Relations. She is personnel strategy director at Royal Mail Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Computer Bulletin, Volume 40, Issue 3, May 1998, Page 4, https://doi.org/10.1093/combul/40.3.4-a Published: 01 May 1998
Synthesis of a Novel Tricyclic Dipeptide Template and Its Incorporation into a Cyclic Peptide Mimetic Containing an NPNA Motif (1997)

Abstract A novel tricyclic dipeptide template, formally derived by coupling (2 S ,4 S )‐4‐aminoproline (Pro(NH 2 )) and ( S )‐2‐(carboxymethyl)proline (Pro(CH 2 COOH)) as a diketopiperazine, has been synthesized in a form suitable for solid‐phase peptide synthesis using Fmoc chemistry. This template was incorporated into the cyclic molecule cyclo(‐Ala 1 ‐Asn 2 ‐Pro 3 ‐Asn 4 ‐Ala 5 ‐Ala 6 ‐Temp‐) (Temp = template), whose conformation in H 2 O was studied by NMR methods. Average solution structures derived by restrained simulated annealing point to a highly populated βI‐turn within the Asn‐Pro‐Asn‐Ala motif and also indicate which conformations are likely to be preferred by the template.
Optimizing the NAHBE Piston Cap Design Utilizing Schlieren Photography Methods and Applications of the Helmholtz Resonator Theory. (1981)

The Naval Academy Heat Balanced Engine (NAHBE) has been studied extensively for the last five years. Efforts to understand and predict the process occurring in the engine were complicated and difficult to verify experimentally. Optimization of the output of the engine, through possible, took much too long a time through parametric variation. An answer to the problem of predicting the time dependent reaction occurring in the engine was sought. Also, some easy design tool for optimizing the reaction was required. One possible solution to these problems was to model the NAHBE piston cap through the Helmholtz Resonator Theory. This theory generalizes the time dependent reaction of a volume of fluid in a chamber by the acoustic analog to the mechanical system forced oscillator. The theory enables one to predict or design the acoustic impedance of a cavity and its natural frequency by way of the cavity and inlet geometry. This study shows how the solution to the Helmholtz Theory may be obtained and the fluid mass displacement of NAHBE cap modeled by the Helmholtz Theory predicted. The solution of hte NAHBE cap reaction by the Hemholtz Theory, however, is only a hypothesis until it is substantiated. Conclusive evidence is shown in this study through a high-speed Schlieren film analysis of the actual combustion process in a NAHBE, that the theory holds true for and can predict reality. Thus, it is proven that the Helmholtz Theory, which can be used as a design tool, can model the real systems found in heat balanced engines today. (Author)
Cannabinoid receptors in human astroglial tumors (2006)

In animal models, cannabinoids are reported to inhibit the growth of tumors, including gliomas. These effects have been claimed to be mediated via cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1, CB2). To elucidate a possible relevance for treatment of human gliomas, we investigated receptor subtype expression in surgical material of solid human astrocytomas, gliomas and cultivated glioma cells by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, western blot and immunohistochemistry and assayed their functionality. In normal brain, cultivated glioma cells and solid tumors, CB1 mRNA was expressed to a much greater extent than CB2, which in some samples was even undetectable. Expression of both receptor subtypes was unrelated to malignancy, varied between patients, and was not significantly increased in relation to normal brain tissues. In normal brain, CB1 protein was localized on astroglial and other cell types; in gliomas, it was found on astroglial/glioma cells. CB2 protein was detected on microglial cells/macrophages but rarely on astroglial cells. Functionally, CB1 receptor agonists reduced elevated cyclic AMP levels and slightly reduced proliferation of glioma cells in vitro, but did not induce apoptosis. We conclude that cannabinoid therapy of human gliomas targets not only receptors on tumor, but also on other cell types. Therefore, complex and potential side-effects should be considered carefully.