gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimum input design for fault detection and diagnosis: Model-based prediction and statistical distance measures (2013)

This paper proposes optimization-based active fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) methods. An optimal input sequence is computed for maximizing discrimination between system models of fault scenarios in a statistical sense. Two different measures quantifying the degree of distinguishability between two stochastic LTI system models are considered, and their geometric properties are investigated. Their connection to the generalized likelihood ratio tests are also presented. Constrained open- and closed-loop feedback input design methods using model-based prediction are presented. Constraints on the predicted controlled output trajectory are imposed for ensuring operational safety as well as the input constraints that correspond to hardware limitations. Receding horizon method is used to implement the computed inputs.
Influence of Magnetic Fields on Dilution during Laser Welding of Aluminium (2005)

In order to minimize the occurrence of hot-cracking phenomena in laser welding of hotcracking sensitive aluminum alloy sheets, it is a common technique to introduce silicon-containing filler wire into the weld metal. However, to achieve an optimum result, a homogenous distribution of not less than 2 % of silicon throughout the weld metal is strongly recommendable. Under certain circumstances, this may be a difficult task. One potential solution to achieve sufficient dilution and, consequently, a very homogenous silicon distribution might be the application of alternating magnetic fields. In foundry technology, the use of magnetic fields to influence melt flow is a wellestablished method. For TIG welding, a process called magnetic stirring was first investigated in the 1970s. It was sufficiently demonstrated by the help of an alternating magnetic field coaxial with the arc axis, that, among other effects, the degree of dilution can be increased and a refined grain structure is achieved. Since the late 1990s, some efforts have been taken to apply constant magnetic fields to laser welding processes. However, neither alternating fields nor potential effects on dilution have been in the focus of these investigations. To help this situation, basic studies on magnetically influencing melt flow during laser welding of aluminum have been conducted. To that end, alternating fields have been coaxially applied with magnetic flux densities up to 60 mT and frequencies in the range of 0 to 20 Hz. It was demonstrated by the help of a specially developed method that, depending on the parameters chosen, such fields are indeed capable of influencing melt flow and weld pool dilution, thus “stirring” the weld metal.
Hemodynamic effects of urotensin II and its specific receptor antagonist palosuran in cirrhotic rats† (2008)

In BDL rats, U-II is a mediator of splanchnic vasodilation, portal hypertension and renal sodium retention. The U-II-receptor antagonist palosuran might represent a new therapeutic option in liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension.
Effect of oral contraceptives (OCS) on drug metabolizing enzymes (DMES) as measured by the validated cooperstown 5+1 cocktail (5+1) (2003)

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73 , P14–P14; doi:
Contributors (1964)

Contains an entry for each author and coauthor included in this issue of the publication.
Influence of hydroxyls on the adhesion of Au films to GaAs (1989)

The adhesion of Au metallization to GaAs substrates was studied as a function of the time to which freshly cleaved GaAs surfaces were exposed to de-ionized water or pure dry oxygen. It was found that the adhesion strength of Au metallization deposited on these surfaces is weakened from exposure to de-ionized water and the degradation is directly related to the length of the exposure. Exposure of the substrate surfaces to pure dry oxygen had no effect on the adhesion. The substrate surfaces were characterized as a function of exposure to these two environments and it was found that the Ga and As combine with the hydroxyl groups in the de-ionized water to form hydroxides and the As hydroxide dissolves leaving the surface As deficient. The extent of this reaction is dependent on the length of time the surface is exposed to the hydroxyl groups. Exposure of the substrate surface to pure dry oxygen results in a thin stable oxide layer.
Development of high resolution electrostatic tactile display (2017)

In this study, we demonstrate an electrovibration tactile display with an array of electrodes. Electovibration is a promising stimulus method for tactile feedback in mobile devices. The electrovibration tactile displays have been developed for the last several decades. However, these studies focused on application of the tactile display. The resolution of the tactile display, which is important for tactile sensation, is not investigated. In this study, we developed a electrovibration tactile display with high resolution. The tactile display consists of an array of electrodes with the width of 0.95 mm. The electrodes are arranged with the interval of 0.05 mm. The resulting resolution is 1 mm. We established the fabrication process of the tactile display and evaluated the fundamental characteristics. The results indicated that the perception was determined by the amplitude of the applied voltage. And also, the perception was not related to the contacting area and applied voltage. The proposed tactile display was able to present a spatial electrovibration stimulus and required optimization of the applied voltage.
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-related neuropathologic changes andcompromised cognitive status: Window of treatment (2002)

Neurodegenerative disorders, and dementia in particular, have been shown to have a cerebrovascular pathogenic component often in the form of reduced cerebral blood flow. The debate whether such a reduced brain perfusion is a primary trigger or a secondary symptom in the neuropathological progression of dementia has not been conclusively decided yet. However, compelling experimental evidence has been collected to demonstrate an initiating role of reduced cerebral blood flow in neurodegenerative processes. Along these lines, experimental cerebral hypoperfusion in rodents was shown to impair spatial learning and to generate neuronal damage and associated gliosis in sensitive brain regions like the hippocampus and frontoparietal cortex. Since suboptimal cerebral blood supply was thus identified as a potential trigger of cognitive decline, the improvement of cerebral blood flow in cognitive disorders has emerged as an alternative treatment to moderate the symptoms and to delay the onset of advanced dementia. Various drugs, such as cholinergic compounds, hemorheologic agents and vascular smooth muscle relaxants, have already been tested in some instances for their efficacy to increase brain perfusion. In this respect, both clinical and preclinical trials delivered positive data. Furthermore, not only the treatment but also the prevention of the development of cognitive deficiency can target the cerebrovascular system. For this purpose, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from fish oil (also known as n-3 PUFAs) have been considered as dietary supplements. These fatty acids appeared particularly effective in the prevention of hypertension-associated vascular pathology. The present review provides an overview of the actions of these compounds focusing on cerebral blood flow, neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.
ACOUSTICS2008/2318 Evaluation of existing sound system designs in mosques and alternative modern solutions (2008)

Sound intelligibly and audibility was from the old days and will remain a central issue in any sound system design especially in mosques. In other worship spaces sound system may not be needed during specific worshiping modes like congregational prayers. In mosques all worshiping modes require professionally designed sound system to maintain the needed intelligibility and audibility levels in such spaces. Here the current used sound systems in mosques will be discussed and pro and cons will be highlighted. Also, the eect of these systems on mosques applicable sound parameter will be introduced. In the same time, modern sound system design solution for dierent mosques architectural form and size will be suggested. Case study examples will be used to show the advantages of the new suggested sound system configurations.
EMobility – The silent revolution!? (2019)

Electric vehicle become more and more popular worldwide. A strong increase of new registered electric vehicles is expected. The interior and exterior sounds of electric vehicles will become an important aspect for sound engineering considering the psychoacoustics: what sounds do customers prefer, what kind of sounds are important for customers, how to consider the typical acoustical orientation known from combustion noises, should it be possible, that a customer can actively/individually influence the character of the vehicle interior noise, which new sounds arise and must be avoided or emphasized, how to design vehicle exterior noise (e.g., pedestrian protection)? Based on the ISO 12913 Soundscape standard the following topics will be discussed: concepts for the development of sounds, applying jury testing to predict human reactions towards the noise or sound? of new vehicle types, application of psychoacoustics analysis and simulation of warning signals in complex traffic scenarios to check their applicability and their annoyance.
Activity-Dependent [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> Changes in Guinea Pig Vagal Motoneurons: Relationship to the Slow Afterhyperpolarization (1997)

Vagal motoneurons in slices from the guinea-pig brain stem were injected with the fluorescent [Ca2+]i indicators fura-2, furaptra, or Calcium Green-1. Spike-induced fluorescence changes were measured in the soma and dendrites and simultaneously the long-lasting afterhyperpolarization was recorded with a sharp microelectrode in the soma. Na+ spikes or Ca2+ spikes increased [Ca2+]i (measured as a change in indicator fluorescence) in all locations in the soma and dendrites. Each spike in a train of action potentials caused a step increase in fluorescence of about equal amplitude when nonsaturating indicators were used. Peak changes at all locations occurred at the time of the last action potential. Transients measured with low concentrations of Calcium Green-1 or furaptra had a recovery time constant of approximately 500-1,500 ms in the cell body. The recovery time course was faster in the dendrites than in the soma. The norepinephrine-sensitive, slow afterhyperpolarization (sAHP) had a time to peak of approximately 800 ms and a recovery time constant of 2-5 s, much longer than the recovery time course of the fluorescence changes. Some of these experiments were repeated on pyramidal neurons from the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus with similar results. In both cell types, the data suggest that the time course of neither the rising phase nor the falling phase of the sAHP, nor the underlying conductance, directly reflects the time course of the [Ca2+]i change. The mechanism connecting the parameters remains unclear. One possibility is that an additional second messenger system is involved.
Thermal reactions of aromatics with CaO. Technical progress report, September 1, 1980-April 30, 1981. [Compounds tested -1-methylnaphthalene, toulene, benzene, n-heptane] (1981)

Experiments were performed near atmospheric pressure for the temperature range 550 to 950/sup 0/C. Helium carrier gas containing 3 mole % of the vapor phase reactant was passed through approximately 5.5-cm-deep, 0.7-cm-ID packed beds containing calcium oxide or quartz (for comparison studies). Contact times were approximately 2 s and around 5 mg of pure compound were fed in each run. Reaction products and unreacted feed were collected and analyzed. Carbon balances were performed on selected runs. The effects of CaO source and the method of CaO preparation were also investigated. Extents of conversion, and product distributions for n-heptane cracking were similar for calcium oxide and for quartz. However, the temperature for removal of aromatic hydrocarbons from the helium hydrocarbon mixtures in the presence of calcium oxide was reduced 140 to 180/sup 0/C from that with quartz. The temperature required for 20% conversion of each compound in the presence of calcium oxide and quartz respectively were: 1 - methylnaphthalene - 570 and 750/sup 0/C; toluene - 685 and 825/sup 0/C; benzene 750 and 890/sup 0/C; and n-heptane 585 and 610/sup 0/C. The reactivity of the aromatics increased with addition of a methyl group or a second aromatic ring to the molecule.more » Coke is the major product from the reaction of each aromatic. Methane yields from 1-methylnaphthalene and toluene were lower in the reactions over calcium oxide. On a unit weight basis calcium oxide obtained by calcining calcium hydroxide at final reaction temperatures was more active for benzene cracking than CaO obtained by calcining limestone. Calcium oxide cracking activity declines as coke is deposited on its surface but may be at least partially regenerated by burning off the coke. Apparent activation energies obtained by fitting a single reaction first order decomposition model to the data were lower for aromatics cracking over CaO compared to quartz but the opposite effect was found for n-heptane.« less
Arterial pulse shape measurement using self-mixing effect in a diode laser (2002)

The self-mixing effect in a diode laser and the Doppler technique are used for quantitative measurements of the cardiovascular pulses from radial arteries of human individuals. 738 cardiovascular pulses from 10 healthy volunteers were studied. The Doppler spectrograms reconstructed from the Doppler signal, which is measured from the radial displacement of the radial artery, are compared to the first derivative of the blood pressure signals measured from the middle finger by the Penaz technique. The mean correlation coefficient between the Doppler spectrograms and the first derivative of the blood pressure signals was 0.84, with a standard deviation of 0.05. Pulses with the correlation coefficient less than 0.7 were neglected in the study. Percentage of successfully detected pulses was 95.7%. It is shown that cardiovascular pulse shape from the radial artery can be measured noninvasively by using the self-mixing interferometry.
The Effects of Organizational Socialization on Knowledge Sharing - Focusing on Cross-Level Analysis - (2016)

본 연구는 조직사회화가 구성원들의 개인-조직 적합성과 지식공유에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 조직 사회화에 따라 구성원들은 조직 맥락을 다르게 인식하고 이는 구성원들의 태도와 행동의 차이를 유발할 것이다. 그리고 본 연구는 조직수준의 조직사회화와 개인수준의 지식공유 사이에서 개인수준의 개인-조 직 적합성의 매개효과를 분석하였다. 조직사회화는 주로 개인수준에서 연구가 진행되었고 조직수준에서 진행된 연구는 드문 편이다. 53개 조직에 속한 260명의 관리자로부터 자료를 얻어 조직사회화 변수를 측정하였다. 조직당 관리자의 수는 평균 4.9명이었다. 또한 53개 조직 404명의 직원으로부터는 개인-조직 적합성과 지식공유를 측정하 였다. HLM 7.01을 사용하여 분석한 결과 조직사회화는 개인-조직 적합성에 정의영향을 미쳤다. 그리고 개인-조직 적합성이 조직사회화와 지식공유 사이에서 완전 매개효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 조 직사회화와 개인-조직 적합성, 지식공유 사이의 교차수준 분석을 통해 이들 개념 사이의 관계에 대한 이 해를 높일 수 있었다.
163. Reaction kinetics and the Walden inversion. Part VIII. Steric course of bimolecular nucleophilic substitution by an anionic substituting agent in a cationic substrate (1960)

S. H. Harvey, P. A. T. Hoye, E. D. Hughes and C. Ingold, J. Chem. Soc., 1960, 800 DOI: 10.1039/JR9600000800
Enhanced multiferroic properties of single-phase BiFeO3 bulk ceramics by Ho doping (2011)

Dense single-phase BiFeO3 and Bi0.9Ho0.1FeO3 ceramics were prepared by the solid-state reaction method. With Ho doping, the remnant polarization of BiFeO3 was enhanced and the switching characteristics improved at low electric fields. Ho doping increased the breakdown voltage with a reduction of the leakage current while mitigating the remnant polarization at high electric fields. These results can explain conflicting findings regarding the effects of rare-earth doping on remnant polarization. Bi0.9Ho0.1FeO3 exhibited peculiar double hysteresis looplike magnetization-magnetic field curves with a much enhanced remnant magnetization. These improved properties obtained by Ho doping demonstrate the possibility of enhancing the multiferroic applicability of BiFeO3.
On carbide dissolution in an as‐cast ASTM F‐75 alloy (2001)

The solution treatment of an as-cast ASTM F-75 alloy was investigated. Microstructural evolution was followed during thermal processing, in particular with regard to the content and type of carbides formed. To evidence any probable carbide transformations occurring during the heating stage, as well as to clarify their effect on the carbide dissolution kinetics, three heating rates were studied. Image analysis and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used for microstructural characterization. For the identification of precipitates, these were electrolytically extracted from the matrix and then analyzed by X-ray diffraction. It was found that the precipitates in the as-cast alloy were constituted by both a M(23)C(6) carbide and a sigma intermetallic phase. The M(23)C(6) carbide was the only phase identified in solution-treated specimens, regardless of the heating rate employed, which indicated that this carbide dissolved directly into the matrix without being transformed first into an M(6)C carbide, as reported in the literature. It was found that the kinetics of dissolution for the M(23)C(6) carbide decreased progressively during the solution treatment, and that it was sensitive to the heating rate, decreasing whenever the latter was decreased. Because the M(23)C(6) carbide was not observed to suffer a phase transformation prior to its dissolution into the matrix, the effect of the heating rate was associated to the morphological change occurred as the specimens were heated. The occurrence of the observed phases was analyzed with the aid of phase diagrams computed for the system Co-Cr-Mo-C.
Supporting Computational Visual Theories in Biology (2005)

At the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, the visual modeling environment for biology (VMEB) is being developed to allow biologists to construct visual representations of scientific concepts and theories. Unlike existing scientific visual modeling environments, VMEB captures and manages visual concepts and diagrams in a computational form that may be transferred across sessions, shared among collaborators, linked to external data sources, and searched against to identify relevant or matching information
Photorefractive effect in InP:Fe dominated by holes at room temperature: influence of the indirect transitions (1994)

Iron-ion concentrations have been determined from measurements of the photoinduced-grating erasure times. We checked the accuracy of this method by performing two-wave mixing experiments at λ = 1.32 μm without an applied field. After verifying the fit of the extended single-defect model with indirect transitions and the two-wave mixing gain data at λ = 1.06 μm, we conclude that the indirect transitions involving the excited state of Fe2+ can induce a reduction of the photorefractive effect in InP:Fe when the dominant photocarriers are holes at room temperature.
A Comparative Study of N-Type ZnO and P-Type NiO Nanostructures for the Detection of Aqueous Ethanol Solution (2013)

N-type ZnO nanorod arrays and p-type NiO thin films have been prepared on the ITO substrates by chemical bath deposition (CBD) and sol-gel spin coating method, respectively, then followed by thermal treatment at 400 °C for 1 h. The ZnO nanorod arrays have length of around 1.5 μm and diameter of around 55 nm; the thickness of the NiO film is around 340 nm with average grain size of 22 nm. The sensing properties of the n-type ZnO and the p-type NiO for the detection of aqueous ethanol solutions at room temperature are investigated using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The EIS results reveal that the series resistance (R s ) is as low as 27 Ω; the charge-transfer resistance (R ct ) remarkably contributes to the sensing properties of the ethanol sensor, and decreases with a decreasing concentration (99.5%-1%) from 17.0 kΩ to 2.6 kΩ. An equivalent circuit with capacitors and resistors was developed to investigate the conduction process according to complex impedance (Nyquist) diagrams. In low concentration range, the electron conduction process is dominated by the R ct and a constant phase element (CPE); however, in high concentration ethanol solution, the conduction process is dominated by polarization and decomposition of the absorbed water with larger R ct observed. Moreover, I-V measurements were carried out to evaluate the sensitivity of n-ZnO and p-NiO nanostructures at room temperature.
Interspecies modulation of bacterial development through iron competition and siderophore piracy (2012)

While soil-dwelling actinomycetes are renowned for secreting natural products, little is known about the roles of these molecules in mediating actinomycete interactions. In a previous co-culture screen, we found that one actinomycete, Amycolatopsis sp. AA4, inhibited aerial hyphae formation in adjacent colonies of Streptomyces coelicolor. A siderophore, amychelin, mediated this developmental arrest. Here we present genetic evidence that confirms the role of the amc locus in the production of amychelin and in the inhibition of S. coelicolor development. We further characterize the Amycolatopsis sp. AA4 - S. coelicolor interaction by examining expression of developmental and iron acquisition genes over time in co-culture. Manipulation of iron availability and/or growth near Amycolatopsis sp. AA4 led to alterations in expression of the critical developmental gene bldN, and other key downstream genes in the S. coelicolor transcriptional cascade. In Amycolatopsis sp. AA4, siderophore genes were downregulated when grown near S. coelicolor, leading us to find that deferrioxamine E, produced by S. coelicolor, could be readily utilized by Amycolatopsis sp. AA4. Collectively these results suggest that competition for iron via siderophore piracy and species-specific siderophores can alter patterns of gene expression and morphological differentiation during actinomycete interactions.
S21C-06: Structure Modeling and Validation applied to Source Physics Experiments (SPEs) (2012)

Abstract Not Provided
Prediction of Air Conditioning Load Response for Providing Spinning Reserve - ORNL Report (2009)

This report assesses the use of air conditioning load for providing spinning reserve and discusses the barriers and opportunities. Air conditioning load is well suited for this service because it often increases during heavy load periods and can be curtailed for short periods with little impact to the customer. The report also provides an appendix describing the ambient temperature effect on air conditioning load.
Analyzing Asymmetry Biometric in the Frequency Domain for Face Recognition (2006)

The paper introduces a novel set of facial biometrics based on quantified facial asymmetry measures in the frequency domain. In particular, we show that these biometrics work well for images showing expression variations. A comparison of the recognition rates with those obtained from spatial domain asymmetry measures based on raw intensity values suggests that the frequency domain representation is more robust to intra-personal distortions and, indeed, provides an efficient approach for performing classification or recognition. The role of asymmetry of the different regions (e.g., eyes, mouth, nose) of the face is investigated to determine which regions provide the maximum discrimination among individuals in the presence of different expressions for better classification results in such a scenario.