gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atomic transition probabilities : (1966)

Atomic transition probabilities for about 4,000 spectral lines of the first ten elements, based on all available literature sources, are critically compiled. The data are presented ip separate tables for each element and stage of ionization. For each ion the transitions are arranged according to multiplets, supermultiplets, transition arrays, and increasing quantum numbers. Allowed and forbidden transitions are listed seoarately. For each line the transition probability for spontaneous emission, the absorption oscillator strength, and the line strength are given along with the spectroscopic designation, the wavelength, the statistical weights, and the energy levels of the upper and lower states. In addition, the estimated accu- racy and the source are indicated. In short introductions, which precede the tables for each ion, the main justifications for the choice of the adopted data and for the accuracy rating are discussed. A general introduction contains a critical review of the major data sources.
Multidrug-Resistant Urinary Tract Isolates of <i>Escherichia coli:</i> Prevalence and Patient Demographics in the United States in 2000 (2001)

Concurrent resistance to antimicrobials of different structural classes has arisen in a multitude of bacterial species and may complicate the therapeutic management of infections, including those of the urinary tract. To assess the current breadth of multidrug resistance among urinary isolates of Escherichia coli, the most prevalent pathogen contributing to these infections, all pertinent results in The Surveillance Network Database-USA from 1 January to 30 September 2000 were analyzed. Results were available for 38,835 urinary isolates of E. coli that had been tested against ampicillin, cephalothin, ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Of these isolates, 7.1% (2,763 of 38,835) were resistant to three or more agents and considered multidrug resistant. Among the multidrug-resistant isolates, 97.8% were resistant to ampicillin, 92.8% were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 86.6% were resistant to cephalothin, 38.8% were resistant to ciprofloxacin, and 7.7% were resistant to nitrofurantoin. The predominant phenotype among multidrug-resistant isolates (57.9%; 1,600 of 2,793) included resistance to ampicillin, cephalothin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. This was the most common phenotype regardless of patient age, gender, or inpatient-outpatient status and in eight of the nine U.S. Bureau of the Census regions. Rates of multidrug resistance were demonstrated to be higher among males (10.4%) than females (6.6%), among patients > 65 years of age (8.7%) than patients < or = 17 (6.8%) and 18 to 65 (6.1%) years of age, and among inpatients (7.6%) than outpatients (6.9%). Regionally, the rates ranged from 4.3% in the West North Central region to 9.2% in the West South Central region. Given the current prevalence of multidrug resistance among urinary tract isolates of E. coli in the United States (7.1%), continued local, regional, and national surveillance is warranted.
무전해 Ni-P 도금막의 형성과 Turn over에 따른 막의 특성비교 (2002)

Electroless Nickel(EN) plating method among the surface modification techniques is today one of the most fastly growing sectors in the material...
Analytic energy derivatives in the numerical local-density-functional approach (1991)

Analytical energy gradients for numerical orbital expansions can be calculated using the same three-dimensional integration methods as for calculating the total energy in the local-density-functional approach. It is shown that in addition to Pulay corrections for expansion functions attached to the atomic sites correction terms for non-self-consistency of the auxiliary density can also be used with benefit. The usefulness of this approach is demonstrated in the calculation of equilibrium geometries of organic and inorganic molecules, radicals, and transition-metal compounds. The calculated structural parameters are in at least as good agreement with experimental data as structures obtained from standard ab initio methods. Excellent basis sets can be used at a comparably low computational cost.
Making Intelligence Analysis More Intelligent: Using Numeric Probabilities (2015)

A number of researchers have advocated the use of explicit numeric probabilities in the drafting and presentation of intelligence assessments. A trial of this methodology by a Canadian assessment unit has demonstrated that numeric probabilities can be used effectively in the preparation of intelligence reports. The practice leads analysts to pay greater attention to the estimative judgments they make and allows for greater transparency in understanding the degree of certainty that they attach to their conclusions. The use of numeric probabilities highlights the need for a consistent mapping standard for verbal probability terms. However, implementing the methodology requires overcoming a widely shared aversion among analysts and intelligence managers to thinking in numeric terms.
Pediatric Hematology and Oncology in Pakistan (1994)

Pediatric hematology and oncology has only recently started developing within Pakistan, with centers in Islamabad, Lahore, Karachi, and Multan. Efforts are being made to update blood bank facilities and to standardize the level of care being provided throughout the country. A pediatric oncology group has recently been established. A lot of work still needs to be done, however.
The development of poly-L-arginine-coated liposomes for gene delivery (2011)

In this study, liposomes coated with cationic polymers, poly-L-arginine (PLA), were assessed as a promising gene transfer system in human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells and human hepatoma cell line (Huh7) cells. The liposomes were prepared using egg yolk phosphatidylcholine and sodium oleate in the molar ratio of 10:2 with an ultrasonic generator and then coated with PLA. The PLA-coated liposomes (PCLs) formed complexes with plasmid DNA encoding green fluorescent protein. The complexes were characterized by agarose gel electrophoresis and investigated for their transfection efficiency in HeLa and Huh7 cells. The data were compared with PLA/DNA complexes and the positive control Lipofectamine 2000(™). The results showed that complete PCL/DNA complexes were formed at weight ratios of more than 0.05. Efficient gene transfer by PCLs was dependent on the cell type. The transfection efficiency of PCLs was about two times higher than that of PLA/DNA complexes in both HeLa cells and Huh7 cells. Cytotoxicity was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and showed that 80%-100% of both of the cells were viable after treating PCL/DNA complexes. The present results demonstrate that PCLs are a promising, nonviral gene carrier with low toxicity.
Milestones of New-Generation ATE (1985)

Work began in 1976 to produce an accurate, high-speed, multipin tester in the 100-MHz range. Takeda Riken shipped the first such device, the 100 MHz, 384-pin, split I/O Advantest T3380, in early 1979. Although it offered speed and accuracy, the T3380 series was expensive, and it was later determined that the 40-MHz range was more practical and cost-effective for general use. This article describes the T3340 and T3341 testers developed to meet those needs. The T3340 provides signal integrity and a highfidelity DUT-to-tester interface, accurate timing, and innovative architecture to meet modem VLSI circuit testing requirements. Delivery of the T3341 began this year; this improved version has extended timing edges, advanced failure analysis capability, and a standard algorithmic pattern generator for testing memory-embedded generic gate arrays.
First-principles calculations of defects near a grain boundary in MgO (2009)

The electronic structure of oxygen vacancy and proton defects close to grain boundaries in MgO are calculated using first principles methods. These defects, in various charge states, favorably segregate to grain boundaries and can trap electrons. The interplay between electron and defect segregation provides a mechanism for charge to build up at boundaries, for example, under irradiation or applied electrical voltage. The theoretical calculations presented provide insight into the complex electronic properties of metal-oxide grain boundaries that can be difficult to obtain by experiment alone but which are important for many applications.
Pharmacotherapy for Peripheral Arterial Disease: Emerging Therapeutic Options (2002)

Although endovascular therapy has revolutionized the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD), noninterventional regimens, such as structured exercise therapy, atherosclerotic risk factor modification, and pharmacotherapy, are effective in patients suffering from mild-to-moderate PAD and intermittent claudication (IC). For more than a decade, the only pharmacologic therapy for IC available in the United States was pentoxifylline, which had demonstrated superiority in improving walking distances but offered minimal clinical benefit. Recently, basic research into the pathophysiology of IC has led to the development of cilostazol, a new pharmacologic agent approved for treatment of this condition in 1999. Ongoing research in the use of angiogenic growth factors has further broadened the range of potential alternatives to treatment in patients with PAD. Revascularization procedures, including nonsurgical and surgical techniques, can thus be reserved to improve patency and reduce the risk of limb loss in patients with PAD and IC with more severe impairment.
An epidemic of virus disease in Southern Province, Tanganyika territory, in 1952–1953 (1955)

Journal Article An epidemic of virus disease in Southern Province, Tanganyika territory, in 1952–1953. I. Clinical Features Get access Marion C. Robinson Marion C. Robinson Lulindi Hospital, Universities Mission to Central Africa, Africa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 49, Issue 1, January 1955, Pages 28–32, https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(55)90080-8 Published: 01 January 1955
Prognosis of Cerebral Vein and Dural Sinus Thrombosis (2004)

The prognosis of CVT is better than reported previously. A subgroup (13%) of clinically identifiable CVT patients is at increased risk of bad outcome. These high-risk patients may benefit from more aggressive therapeutic interventions, to be studied in randomized clinical trials.
Addendum: “Small-size sonic crystals with strong attenuation bandsin the audible frequency range” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 3364 (2004)] (2004)

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Comparison of ultracentrifugation and density gradient separation methods for isolating Tca8113 human tongue cancer cell line-derived exosomes (2014)

The aim of the present study was to compare the method of ultracentrifugation and density gradient separation for isolating Tca8113 human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line-derived exosomes. The exosomes were obtained from the culture supernatant of cultured Tca8113 cells, respectively, followed by identification with transmission electron microscopy observation and western blot analysis. The two different methods were then compared by the morphology, the distribution range of the particle size and the concentration of proteins of the extracted exosomes. <i>In vitro</i>, Tca8113 cells can secrete a large amount of vesicle-like structures, which are identified as exosomes by the presence of the surface markers, Hsp-70 and Alix. The protein profile of the two products are almost the same, however the particle size distribution of the exosomes extracted with density gradient centrifugation are more limited, between 40-120 nm, and these have a higher protein concentration. The results indicate that Tca8113 cells can secrete exosomes <i>in vitro</i>, and the density gradient separation methods for purifying exosomes is improved, which is helpful for future research and application of exosomes.
Enhanced optical power of GaN-based light-emitting diode with compound photonic crystals by multiple-exposure nanosphere-lens lithography (2014)

The light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with single, twin, triple, and quadruple photonic crystals (PCs) on p-GaN are fabricated by multiple-exposure nanosphere-lens lithography (MENLL) process utilizing the focusing behavior of polystyrene spheres. Such a technique is easy and economical for use in fabricating compound nano-patterns. The optimized tilted angle is decided to be 26.6° through mathematic calculation to try to avoid the overlay of patterns. The results of scanning electron microscopy and simulations reveal that the pattern produced by MENLL is a combination of multiple ovals. Compared to planar-LED, the light output power of LEDs with single, twin, triple, and quadruple PCs is increased by 14.78%, 36.03%, 53.68%, and 44.85% under a drive current 350 mA, respectively. Furthermore, all PC-structures result in no degradation of the electrical properties. The stimulated results indicate that the highest light extraction efficiency of LED with the clover-shape triple PC is due to the largest scattering effect on propagation of light from GaN into air.
Electron beam lithography process for T- and Γ-shaped gate fabrication using chemically amplified DUV resists and PMMA (1999)

A new process has been developed to fabricate T-shaped gates and Γ-shaped gates for high performance metal–semiconductor field effect transistors and high electron mobility transistors using a bilayer of Shipley UVIII DUV resist and poly(methylmethacrylate). The two resists are separated by a 20–30 nm thick layer of aluminum and after patterning by electron beam lithography a two-stage development technique is used to remove the aluminum and to produce well-defined resist profiles. The process can be used to fabricate T-shaped and Γ-shaped gates with footwidth sizes as small as 50 nm and headwidth to footwidth ratios in excess of 40:1 for T gates and 35:1 for Γ gates. The ability to fabricate gates with these dimensions arises from the fact that the UVIII resist is considerably more sensitive to electron beam exposure than PMMA. Further benefits derived from using a UVIII: PMMA bilayer are better control of footwidth dimensions and shorter electron beam patterning times compared to bilayers of PMMA with copolymers of PMMA. This article describes process optimization and the relationship between feature size and exposure dose.
Deploying Rural Community Wireless Mesh Networks (2008)

Inadequate Internet access is widening the digital divide between town and countryside, degrading both social communication and business advancements in rural areas. Wireless mesh networking can provide an excellent framework for delivering broadband services to such areas. With this in mind, Lancaster University deployed a WMN in the rural village of Wray over a three-year period, providing the community with Internet service that exceeds many urban offerings. The project gave researchers a real-world testbed for exploring the technical and social issues entailed in deploying WMNs in the heart of a small community.
Advances in flash memory SSD technology for enterprise database applications (2009)

The past few decades have witnessed a chronic and widening imbalance among processor bandwidth, disk capacity, and access speed of disk. According to Amdhal's law, the performance enhancement possible with a given improvement is limited by the amount that the improved feature is used. This implies that the performance enhancement of an OLTP system would be seriously limited without a considerable improvement in I/O throughput. Since the market debut of flash memory SSD a few years ago, we have made a continued effort to overcome its poor random write performance and to provide stable and sufficient I/O bandwidth. In this paper, we present three different flash memory SSD models prototyped recently by Samsung Electronics. We then show how the flash memory SSD technology has advanced to reverse the widening trend of performance gap between processors and storage devices. We also demonstrate that even a single flash memory drive can outperform a level-0 RAID with eight enterprise class 15k-RPM disk drives with respect to transaction throughput, cost effectiveness and energy consumption.
Using GPS data loggers to replace travel diaries in the collection of travel data (2000)

Transportation planners conduct travel surveys to collect data needed as input to travel demand models, which are used to forecast the need for road and transit enhancements and expenditures. Travel surveys are conducted using a combination of paper trip diaries for data collection and computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATI) for data retrieval. Recently, several pilot studies have combined Global Positioning System (GPS) technology with travel survey data collection to evaluate opportunities for improving the quantity and accuracy of travel data. These studies used GPS to supplement the traditional data elements collected in paper or electronic travel diaries. This dissertation presents the results of a proof-of-concept study that examined a new opportunity for using GPS technology in travel surveys – that is, the use of GPS data collection to completely replace, rather than supplement, traditional travel diaries. The challenge in this new approach is to process the GPS data in a manner such that most of the traditional trip data elements can be derived. If this processing is done correctly and quickly, then the CATI retrieval call, which is used to collect
CHANGES IN BRAIN CHOLINESTERASES IN SENILE DEMENTIA OF ALZHEIMER TYPE (1978)

Acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase activities have been measured biochemically in normal brain tissue, in senile dementia of Alzheimer type and in mental disorders without Alzheimer-type abnormalities. Acetylcholinesterase was significantly reduced and butyrylcholinesterase significantly increased, compared with the normal, in the hippocampus and temporal cortex of the Alzheimer cases. No significant enzyme changes were seen in the other diseases investigated including multi-infarct dementia, schizophrenia and depression. There was no correlation between age and acetylcholinesterase activity, but a significant positive correlation between the butyrylcholinesterase activities with increasing age (60-90 years) was found in the hippocampus. The possible connection between cholinergic system pathology and these cholinesterase abnormalities in Alzheimer dementia is discussed.
The physics quick reference guide (1996)

Partial Contents: 1. Physical Quantities, Symbols, and Units. Physical Quantities. Symbols and Nomenclature. Systems of Units. 2. The International System of Units. Base Units. Realization of the Meter. Non-SI Systems of Units. 3. Precise Physical Constants. Standards and Conversion Factors. Unit Systems. Physical Constants. 4. Mathematical Formulas. Algebraic Equations. Progression and Series. Logarithmic Functions. Gamma Functions. Vector Algebra. 5. Probability and Statistics. Probability Distributions. Convolution of Distributions. Statistics. 6. Physics Formulary. Mechanics. Wave Propagation. Electricity and Magnetism. 7. Practical Physics. Friction. Engineering Physics. Electromagnetic Frequency Bands. 8. Properties of Materials. The Elements. Densities. Viscosity. Surface Tension. Solubility. Vapor Pressure. Nuclear Physics. 9. Recommended Symbols for Physical Quantities.
Context-based binary arithmetic coding with stochastic bit reshuffling for advanced fine granularity scalability (2004)

We present a context-based binary arithmetic coding with a stochastic bit-reshuffling scheme to improve bit-plane coding of MPEG-4 fine granularity scalability (FGS). Current approach has not fully considered the correlations across bit-planes and among adjacent transform blocks. To fully exploit correlation, we construct context based on spatial correlation and energy distribution of transform blocks. Furthermore, we consider the context across bit-planes to reduce side information. In addition, when the enhancement-layer is partially decoded, the block update in a raster scan causes unbalanced quality of a decoded frame. To have consistent subjective quality, we reshuffle the bit transmission order with a probability model. Since both encoder and decoder have identical probability model, no extra overhead are required. For faster convergence of statistic adaptation, we replace the traditional 8/spl times/8 floating point DCT with 4/spl times/4 integer transform. As compared to MPEG-4 FGS based bit-plane coding, we can improve the PSNR by 0.5/spl sim/1 dB and offer better subjective quality. Specifically, our approach is among top 3 of the test in the subjective quality evaluation of scalable video coding in the 65th MPEG meeting in July 2003.
Voltage slope‐based zero voltage switching detection method for wireless power transfer systems (2018)

A zero voltage switching (ZVS) detection method, which relies on the half‐bridge output voltage slopes during the MOSFET turn‐on and turn‐off transient processes, is proposed for the wireless power transfer (WPT) systems in this Letter. A voltage slope detection circuit and its active control method are also proposed to convert the nanosecond transient signal to a steady voltage level, which can be handled by the microcontroller easily. By having the information of the turn‐on and turn‐off voltage slopes, the state of ZVS can be evaluated to optimise the switching losses. A 500 kHz, three‐coil resonant WPT system is built in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed detection method. Experimental results show that the ZVS state can be detected effectively. Also, the turn‐off current can be controlled to a constant value to optimise the switching losses under the load and parameter variations.
Solid state surface science volume 1 (1969)

Abstract October 1969, 432 pages, illustrated, $18.50
De apotheker en de geneesmiddelenvoorziening in ziekenhuizen (1994)

Dit artikel bespreekt de rol van de ziekenhuisapotheker bij de geneesmiddelenvoorziening in ziekenhuizen en behandelt een aantal problemen dat daarbij speelt.
Comparison and Evaluation of Cesium Atomic Beam Frequency Standards (1959)

Cesium atomic beam frequency standards of different design have been compared, and the principal sources of errors in these devices have been studied. The unresolved discrepancy found between the standards was about 2 parts in 1010. The characteristics of the standard, sources of errors, and the details of the comparison tests are discussed in this paper.
Complementary punctured convolutional (CPC) codes and their applications (1995)

Presents a new class of punctured convolutional codes that are complementary (CPC codes). A set of punctured convolutional codes derived from the same original low rate code are said to be complementary if they are equivalent (in terms of their distance properties) and if when combined yield at least the original low rate code. Based on these CPC codes the author proposes and analyzes a variation of the type II hybrid ARQ scheme which is called a type III hybrid ARQ scheme. With the type III hybrid ARQ scheme, the starting code rate can be chosen to match the channel noise requirements, and as with the type II scheme, packets that are detected in error are not discarded, but are combined with complementary transmissions provided by the transmitter to help recover the transmitted message. The main advantage is that any complementary sequence sent for a packet that is detected with errors is self decodable. That is the decoder does not have to rely on previously received sequences for the same data packet for decoding, as is generally the case with incremental redundancy ARQ schemes. This feature is desirable especially in situations where a transmitted packet can be lost or severely damaged as a result of interference. CPC codes can find applications in diversity transmission systems. A novel complementary diversity scheme which makes use of CPC codes is briefly discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>