gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrical conduction transition and largely reduced leakage current in aluminum-doped barium strontium titanate thin films heteroepitaxially grown on Ir∕MgO∕Si(100) (2005)

Ba 0.6 Sr 0.4 Ti 1 − x Al x O 3 (BSTA, x=0, 3 at. %, 6 at. %) thin films have been prepared on Ir∕MgO-buffered silicon substrates by pulsed-laser deposition. All-epitaxial growth of BSTA∕Ir∕MgO∕Si heterostructures has been evidenced by x-ray diffraction and reflection high-energy electron diffraction. A large reduction in the leakage current density of BSTA thin films was observed by aluminum doping. For 3 at. % Al-doped BSTA thin films, the dominant conduction mechanism shows space-charge-limited current behavior at a low electric field, where the trap-filled limit field is determined as ETFL=10KV∕cm, while at a high electric field the Poole–Frenkel emission is operative. In contrast, the conduction mechanism for 6 at. % Al-doped BSTA thin film is dominated by field-enhanced Schottky emission.
Bootstrapped Training of Event Extraction Classifiers (2012)

Most event extraction systems are trained with supervised learning and rely on a collection of annotated documents. Due to the domain-specificity of this task, event extraction systems must be retrained with new annotated data for each domain. In this paper, we propose a bootstrapping solution for event role filler extraction that requires minimal human supervision. We aim to rapidly train a state-of-the-art event extraction system using a small set of “seed nouns ” for each event role, a collection of relevant (in-domain) and irrelevant (outof-domain) texts, and a semantic dictionary. The experimental results show that the bootstrapped system outperforms previous weakly supervised event extraction systems on the MUC-4 data set, and achieves performance levels comparable to supervised training with 700 manually annotated documents. 1
General Asset Account Depreciation (1992)

The IRS has issued proposed regulations which simplify the computation of depreciation by allowing taxpayers to group assets in one or more general asset accounts with the assets in any particular asset account depreciated as a single asset. The regulations apply to assets placed in service in taxable years ending on or after the date of publication of the final regulation. For prior taxable years, the IRS indicated that it will allow use of any reasonable method that clearly reflects income and is consistently applied to the general asset accounts.
Les oscillations électriques (1894)

Este material fue digitalizado en el marco del Proyecto subvencionado por la Fundacion Antorchas y se encuentra disponible en la Biblioteca del Departamento de Fisica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata.
Fractionation of cold-sterilized plasma. A new concept in production of non-infectious plasma proteins. (1982)

The hepatitis risk of protein fractions derived from pooled human plasma is eliminated by beta-propiolactone treatment and UV irradiation. The combination of this sterilization procedure with an adsorption and elution procedure leads to coagulation factor concentrates such as fibrinogen, factor VIII and factor IX concentrate and a stabilized serum preparation for intravenous use. This technology is carried out mostly at room temperature, without alcohol and minimum pollution. It seems, especially for developing countries, an attractive alternative to the widely used alcohol fractionation.
Evaluating a Medical Day Center in Hong Kong (1999)

Chan L Y, Violet DipNA, RN; French, Peter PhD, RN; Ho, Monica BSN, RN Author Information
Pitfalls in the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome (2007)

Among endocrine disorders, Cushing's syndrome (CS) is certainly one of the most challenging to endocrinologists due to the difficulties that often appear during investigation. The diagnosis of CS involves two steps: confirmation of hypercortisolism and determination of its etiology. Biochemical confirmation of the hypercortisolaemic state must be established before any attempt at differential diagnosis. Failure to do so will result in misdiagnosis, inappropriate treatment, and poor management. It should also be kept in mind that hypercortisolism may occur in some patients with depression, alcoholism, anorexia nervosa, generalized resistance to glucocorticoids, and in late pregnancy. Moreover, exogenous or iatrogenic hypercortisolism should always be excluded. The three most useful tests to confirm hypercortisolism are the measurement of 24-h urinary free cortisol levels, low-dose dexamethasone-suppression tests, and determination of midnight serum cortisol or late-night salivary cortisol. However, none of these tests is perfect, each one has different sensitivities and specificities, and several are usually needed to provide a better diagnostic accuracy. The greatest challenge in the investigation of CS involves the differentiation between Cushing's disease and ectopic ACTH syndrome. This task requires the measurement of plasma ACTH levels, non-invasive dynamic tests (high-dose dexamethasone suppression test and stimulation tests with CRH or desmopressin), and imaging studies. None of these tests had 100% specificity and their use in combination is usually necessary. Bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling is mainly indicated when non-invasive tests do not allow a diagnostic definition. In the present paper, the most important pitfalls in the investigation of CS are reviewed.
Determination of Chemical Components of Memecylon umbellaltum Burm. - A Medicinal Plant, Karnataka, India (2010)

Memecylon umbellatum Burm. has been being used not only for treatment of diseases but also for other uses since time immemorial. The different parts of the plant have been used for the preparation of the herbal products which are used orally or for external applications. The leaves of the M. umbellatum which have been collected from Koppa and Bannerghatta are subjected for analysis of proximates, micro, macro and toxic elemental composition. The young and mature leaves are separately analyzed. The study reveals that moisture, carbohydrate and crude protein content are the dominant factors in both the young and mature leaf samples. Whereas, crude fat was followed by ash and crude fiber in both young and mature leaf samples of Koppa and in case of Bannerghatta samples crude fat was followed by crude fiber and ash. However, the young leaves are more nutrient than that of mature in both the cases. Among the macronutrients K was dominant which is followed by Ca, Mg, Na and P in both young and mature leaves of Koppa whereas in case of Bannerghatta samples K was followed by Ca, Mg, P and Na, in young leaves but in mature leaves Ca was followed by K, Mg, Na and P in their concentrations. The Fe was highest among the micronutrients of both young and mature leaves of Koppa and Bannerghatta samples. Fe was followed by Mn, Cu and Zn in case of Koppa samples whereas Fe was followed by Mn, Zn and Cu in young leaves and Fe was followed by Mn, Cu and Zn in mature leaves sample of Bannerghatta. There was a significan t variation of Cu among the different leaf samples of Koppa and Bannerghatta samples. The Pb content of the young leaves of Koppa is higher than that of Bannerghatta samples and mature leaves of Bannerghatt a samples recorded high values of Pb than that of Koppa samples. Between the 2 toxic elements Pb wa s higher than that of Cd and the mature leaves of both Koppa and Bannerghatta samples recorded lowest concentration of Cd. The results were subjected for statistical analysis.
Gas Lasers (1966)

A review is given of the present status of gas discharge lasers, with particular attention to developments reported in 1965 and early 1966. Following a brief history, gas lasers are classified by types-neutral atom, ion, and molecular-and a comparison is given of the properties of the various types. A short discussion is given of noise and coherence properties. Detailed descriptions are given of three recent developments of particular interest-the CO(2) laser, the argon-ion laser, and pulsed self-terminating lasers. Finally, brief mention is made of the most important present applications of gas lasers.
The induction of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase following tape stripping is inhibited by a topical vitamin D3 analogue (MC903) (1991)

The efficacy of MC903, a vitamin D3 analogue, in reducing hyperproliferation as determined by levels of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) was investigated in a double‐blind study of 15 patients with chronic plaque psoriasis. The lesions of psoriasis were treated for 8 weeks with MC903 in one of two different cream bases or with a placebo cream. Biopsies were taken before and after treatment. In addition an uninvolved area of skin was treated during the last 3 weeks and this as well as control areas were then sellotape stripped and biopsied after 8 h. Clinical improvement was seen in eight out of 11 patients treated with MC903 but there was no reduction in the level of ODC in psoriatic lesions after 8 weeks of treatment. The levels of ODC in the tape‐stripped uninvolved skin after 3 weeks of treatment with MC903 averaged 22·5 ± 4.2 pmol/min/mg protein as compared to 58·6 ± 12·6 pmol/min/mg protein (P= 0·004). The trauma‐induced induction of ODC activity was markedly inhibited by the application of MC903.
Analysis of low-tension pilot at Big Muddy Field, WY (1984)

Conoco Inc. initiated a low tension pilot test in 1973, at the Big Muddy Field east of Casper, Wyoming. The process mobilized an oil bank ahead of the slug, reached a peak oil cut of 20%, and recovered 36% of the residual oil saturation. Tracers were injected in the preflush and postflush to determine swept volumes and distributions of flow. Tracer responses showed that over 95% of the flow to the center well of the 5-spot came from the two northern injection wells. The overall performance of the pilot was analyzed using a numerical simulator. As a result of the pilot and the supporting research, a nearby 90 acre commercial demonstration low tension flood was initiated in 1980, and is still in progress.
Increased intensity oftert-butoxyl radical emission in 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) synthesis (1999)

The important herbicide, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) was synthesized by the chlorination of 2-methylphenoxyacetic acid with tert-butyl hypochlorite in the presence of methyl N,N-dimethylglycinate as a catalyst, giving a high yield and regioselectivity. The reaction was investigated using the spin-trapping technique in electron paramagnetic resonance measurement conditions, with nitrosodurene as a spin trap. Increased intensity emission of the tert-butoxyl radical (2.9 times in relation to the starting level) was observed after the catalyst had been introduced into the reaction mixture, indicating a free radical mechanism for the reaction. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry
Retroviral vectors and gene therapy: An update (2009)

Gene therapy aims at treatment of diseases by transfer of genetic material into specific cells of a patient. So the transduction of appropriate target cell is critical. Retroviruses infect nearly every cell in the target population and become integrated in host cell genome for a stable expression. All retroviruses have only three structural genes gag, pol and env, except for lentiviruses where two other genes tat, rev and four accessory genes are required (vif, vpu, nif, vpr). There are two components of retroviral vector system—i) Packaging cell lines, which provide the products of gag, pol & env genes but are unable to package itself as they lack the ψ sequence, and ii) retroviral vectors where gag, pol and env are deleted but ψ sequence along with LTR is present. Several other types of vectors are also described.
Presenilin‐directed inhibitors of γ‐secretase trigger caspase 3 activation in presenilin‐expressing and presenilin‐deficient cells (2004)

The amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) is generated by subsequent cleavages by beta- and gamma-secretases. Therefore, these two enzymes are putative therapeutic targets to prevent Abeta production, and hopefully to slow down or even stop the Alzheimer's disease (AD) neurodegenerative process. Several studies have revealed that gamma-secretase hydrolyses other important substrates besides beta-amyloid precursor protein (betaAPP) thus adding another level of complexity to designing fully AD-specific interfering drugs. Here we demonstrate that three distinct presenilin-directed gamma-secretase inhibitors as well as JLK compounds indirectly potentiate caspase 3 activity, the effector caspase of the apoptotic cascade. Thus, inhibitors were shown to drastically stimulate caspase 3 activity in wild-type mice blastocyst-derived and fibroblast cells. Interestingly, some of these inhibitors known to interact with presenilins also trigger caspase activation in presenilin-deficient cells. However, inhibitors do not affect recombinant caspase 3 activity, indicating that the effect on this enzyme was indirect. Furthermore, we established that caspase 3 activation was not due to an effect of gamma-secretase inhibitors on calpains, a family of proteolytic enzymes able to modulate caspase 3 activity. Altogether, our data demonstrate that presenilin-directed gamma-secretase inhibitors affect caspase 3 activity in a presenilin-independent manner. Therefore, as presenilin-dependent gamma-secretase activity is not specific for betaAPP and because its inhibitors clearly affect other vital cell functions, care should be taken in considering 'gamma-secretase' inhibitors as putative therapeutic tools to interfere with AD pathology.
Methyl Compound of the Heavy Elements and Its Distribution Under the Natural Environment (2004)

The methylated action of ten elements involved lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, antimony, thallium, indium, selenium and tellurium under natural environment have been generalized basing on the relevant information, and the distribution levels of mercury, lead, arsenic and selenium are depicted according to the external researches.
Effects of sodium hydroxide on cereal straws in relation to the enhanced degradation of structural polysaccharides by rumen microorganisms (1981)

Abstract The action of sodium hydroxide on the rate and extent of loss of wall polysaccharides from wheat and barley straws incubated in the rumen of the sheep was studied using a nylon bag technique. Cellulose loss reached a maximum in straws treated with 10 g NaOH 100 g −1 straw. Further increase in amounts of alkali applied resulted in additional solubilisation of straw constituents, particularly xylan, but did not further enhance cellulose degradation. Rates of degradation of isolated straw, cotton and wood celluloses correlated with three of four measures of cellulose crystallinity obtained by X‐ray diffraction and infrared analysis. Treatment of cellulose samples with 20 g NaOH 100 g −1 cellulose did not affect rates of loss or produce detectable changes to cellulose morphology. Loss of acetic acid esters, which accompanied alkali treatment, did not relate to improvements to digestibility. The rate of loss of cellulose from delignified neutral detergent fibre (NDF) was that shown by the isolated straw cellulose, despite the presence of acetylated hemicellulose. Deacetylation of delignified NDF with NaOH or sodium methoxide did not enhance rates of xylose or cellulose loss. In lignified wall material (NDF) the molar ratio acetyl:xylose (approximately 1:3.5) and proportion of the major phenolic acids ( p ‐coumaric and ferulic acids) remained essentially constant throughout the course of degradation in the rumen. It is suggested that loss of phenolic acids, while not directly contributing to digestibility enhancement, may model the susceptibility of ester linkages formed between polysaccharide and polyphenolic material to alkali. The extent of solubilisation of p ‐coumaric acid produced by NaOH showed a linear relationship with cellulose digestibility. An upper limit of 40% acid detergent lignin and 55% of total phenolics were released by NaOH, the extent of release closely paralleling cellulose digestibility. Phenolic material resistant to alkali remained associated with wall polysaccharides and was not released from nylon bags until over 50% of cellulose (and hemicellulose) had been degraded.
Techniques for interactive audience participation (2002)

At SIGGRAPH in 1991, Loren and Rachel Carpenter unveiled an interactive entertainment system that allowed members of a large audience to control an onscreen game using red and green reflective paddles. In the spirit of this approach, we present a new set of techniques that enable members of an audience to participate, either cooperatively or competitively, in shared entertainment experiences. Our techniques allow audiences with hundreds of people to control onscreen activity by (1) leaning left and right in their seats, (2) batting a beach ball while its shadow is used as a pointing device, and (3) pointing laser pointers at the screen. All of these techniques can be implemented with inexpensive, off the shelf hardware.
Experimental studies of monopole, dipole, and quadrupole acoustic logging while drilling (LWD) with scaled borehole models (2008)

Abstract We develop a 1:12 scale model logging-while-drilling (LWD) acoustic tool for laboratory measurements in borehole models to investigate the effects of tool wave modes on our ability to determine formation velocities in acoustic LWD. The scaled tool is comprised of three sections: (1) the source section, consisting of four transducers mounted on the tool body that can generate monopole, dipole, and quadrupole waves; (2) the receiver section, consisting of six sets of receivers, each containing two transducers mounted on opposite sides of the tool center line; and (3) the connector section, a threaded steel cylinder that connects the source and receiver sections tightly to simulate an LWD tool. We use four borehole models to simulate fast and slow isotropic and anisotropic formations. The slow-formation models are constructed of synthetic material (Lucite® for the isotropic case and Phenolite® for the anisotropic case). The fast-formation models are made from natural rock samples (sandstone for the isotropic case and slate for the anisotropic case). Tool-wave characteristicswere measured in a water tank, followed by a series of experiments in the four borehole models to record monopole, dipole, and quadrupole acoustic waves when the tool was used with or without the connector. Without the connector in place, the tool measured formation arrivals that were consistent with wireline-logging predictions. With the connector in place, the coupling of the source and receiver sections resulted in strong tool waves that could mask formation arrivals. In general, the quadrupole mode more consistently provided correct formation shear-wave velocities because the tool modes propagated with higher velocities and could be separated from the formation shear arrivals. The dipole tool mode often could interfere with the formation flexural wave, especially for soft formations. By increasing the operating frequency of the source, tool waves could be eliminated and formation arrivals more easily measured in all cases. Based on these observations, it is important to choose the optimum working frequencies in LWD to reduce tool modes and allow formation shear velocities to be measured with dipole or quadrupole tools, particularly in anisotropic formations.
Int-B13, an Unusual Site-Specific Recombinase of the Bacteriophage P4 Integrase Family, Is Responsible for Chromosomal Insertion of the 105-Kilobase <i>clc</i> Element of <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp. Strain B13 (1998)

Pseudomonas sp. strain B13 carries the clcRABDE genes encoding chlorocatechol-degradative enzymes on the self-transmissible 105-kb clc element. The element integrates site and orientation specifically into the chromosomes of various bacterial recipients, with a glycine tRNA structural gene (glyV) as the integration site. We report here the localization and nucleotide sequence of the integrase gene and the activity of the integrase gene product in mediating site-specific integration. The integrase gene (int-B13) was located near the right end of the clc element. It consisted of an open reading frame (ORF) of maximally 1,971 bp with a coding capacity for 657 amino acids (aa). The full-length protein (74 kDa) was observed upon overexpression and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis separation. The N-terminal 430 aa of the predicted Int-B13 protein had substantial similarity to integrases from bacteriophages of the P4 family, but Int-B13 was much larger than P4-type integrases. The C-terminal 220 aa of Int-B13 were homologous to an ORF flanking a gene cluster for naphthalene degradation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PaK1. Similar to the bacteriophages phiR73 and P4, the clc element integrates into the 3' end of the target tRNA gene. This target site was characterized from four different recipient strains into which the clc element integrated, showing sequence specificity of the integration. In Pseudomonas sp. strain B13, a circular form of the clc element, which carries an 18-bp DNA sequence identical to the 3'-end portion of glyV as part of its attachment site (attP), could be detected. Upon chromosomal integration of the clc element into a bacterial attachment site (attB), a functional glyV was reconstructed at the right end of the element. The integration process could be demonstrated in RecA-deficient Escherichia coli with two recombinant plasmids, one carrying the int-B13 gene and the attP site and the other carrying the attB site of Pseudomonas putida F1.
Interphase death in human peripheral blood lymphocytes after moderate and high doses of low and high LET radiation: an electron microscopic approach. (2002)

Peripheral blood lymphocytes irradiated with low and moderate doses of low linear energy transfer (LET) gamma-rays are known to die by an apoptotic process. In the present study, the type of interphase death occuring after administration of moderate and high doses of low LET gamma-rays and high LET fast neutrons was investigated. Lymphocytes were irradiated in vitro with radiation doses of 5 and 20 gray (Gy) of both radiation qualities. They were cultured for 24 or 48 hours and the type of cell death induced was determined by electron microscopy. After neutron irradiation, a slight increase in the incidence of apoptosis from 5 to 20 Gy was found, whereas after gamma-irradiation, the incidence of apoptosis was lower at 20 Gy as compared to 5 Gy. However, unlike the other radiation doses, the 20 Gy dose of gamma-rays, besides apoptosis also induced oncosis (classical necrosis). According to our experiments, membranes are probably an important target for the induction of interphase death. It is suggested that a great amount of ionisations distributed all over the cell surface, as caused by high doses of gamma-rays, lead to a high influx of Ca++ which induces oncosis instead of apoptosis.
Comparing the endo-aortic balloon and the external aortic clamp in minimally invasive mitral valve surgery (2015)

There is no difference in use between the EAB and the EAC in terms of CPB-time and cross-clamp time, complications or MR gradation at discharge. Use of the EAC showed significantly higher postoperative levels of troponin T, implying more myocardial damage, compared with the EAB. In 6% of the cases however, patients were converted from the EAB to the EAC.
Seduced and Abandoned: <i>Manon Lescaut</i> on Disc (1995)

Journal Article Seduced and Abandoned: Manon Lescaut on Disc Get access DAVID MCKEE DAVID MCKEE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Opera Quarterly, Volume 11, Issue 4, 1995, Pages 77–93, https://doi.org/10.1093/oq/11.4.77 Published: 01 December 1995