gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Corrosion resistance for biomaterial applications of TiO2 films deposited on titanium and stainless steel by ion-beam-assisted sputtering (1997)

The high corrosion resistance and good biocompatibility of titanium and its alloys are due to a thin passive film that consists essentially of titanium dioxide. There is increasing evidence, however, that under certain conditions extensive titanium release may occur in vivo. An ion-beam-assisted sputtering deposition technique has been used to deposit thick and dense TiO2 films on titanium and stainless steel surfaces. In this study, using the following measurements these TiO2 films have been investigated in a phosphate-buffered saline solution: (1) open-circuit potential versus time of exposure, (2) electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, (3) potentiodynamic polarization, and (4) Mott-Schottky plot. A higher electrical film resistance, lower passive current density, and lower donor density (in the order of 10(15) cm-3) have been measured for the sputter-deposited oxide film on titanium in contrast to the naturally formed passive oxide film on titanium (donor density in the order of 10(20) cm-3). The improved corrosion protection of the sputter-deposited oxide film can be explained by a low defect concentration and, consequently, by a slow mass transport process across the film. As opposed to TiO2 on titanium, a deviation from normal n-type semiconducting Mott-Schottky behavior was observed for TiO2 on stainless steel.
Periodic Limb Movements in Sleep and Iron Status in Children (2003)

In children, the presence of PLMS is frequently associated with low serum iron and a tendency toward low serum ferritin levels. In addition, iron therapy is associated with clinical improvement in most of these patients.
<title>High-power supersonic chemical oxygen iodine laser</title> (1998)

A performance update of DLR's supersonic chemical oxygen iodine laser shows output powers of typically 10 kW CW and a chemical efficiency close to 20%. It is suggested to use a quasi-CW magnetically Q-switched mode of operation with considerably enhanced peak-to-CW power as a new ground based laser candidate for near earth space debris clearing. A preliminary design demonstrates the attractive features of such a laser system as compared to previous approaches. In particular, the chemical oxygen iodine laser promises to be rather compact and to substantially reduce the total debris clearing time.
Effects of structural differences in speed enhancers (dissolution promoters) on positive photoresist composition (1998)

Several low molecular weight polyhydroxy phenolic compounds were used to study their effect on DNQ novolak photoresist compositions. These compounds used with fractionated novolak resins in a positive photoresist composition, tend to improve the photospeed, but in some cases degrades the other characteristics of the resist including resolution and depth of focus. Improvements in performance (photospeed, sidewall angle, resolution, and depth of focus) may depend on the structure of the speed enhancer. Speed enhancers were obtained commercially or synthesized, characterized by HPLC and NMR, and were formulated as i-line resists. The goal of these studies was to find out the relationship between the structure of the speed enhancer and the performance of the resist.
Assessment of Chloroquine Treatment for Modulating Autophagy Flux in Brain of WT and HD Mice (2014)

Our findings suggest that the response of brain to CQ treatment, a blocker of autophagy flux, is variable and not as robust as it has been demonstrated in vitro, suggesting that CQ treatment has limitations for modulating autophagy flux in vivo. Alternative methods, compounds, and technologies need to be developed to further investigate autophagy flux in vivo, especially in the brain.
Computing correlated equilibria in multi-player games (2008)

We develop polynomial-time algorithms for finding correlated equilibria—a well-studied notion of rationality that generalizes the Nash equilibrium—in a broad class of succinctly representable multiplayer games, encompassing graphical games, anonymous games, polymatrix games, congestion games, scheduling games, local effect games, as well as several generalizations. Our algorithm is based on a variant of the existence proof due to Hart and Schmeidler, and employs linear programming duality, the ellipsoid algorithm, Markov chain steady state computations, as well as application-specific methods for computing multivariate expectations over product distributions. For anonymous games and graphical games of bounded tree-width, we provide a different polynomial-time algorithm for optimizing an arbitrary linear function over the set of correlated equilibria of the game. In contrast to our sweeping positive results for computing an arbitrary correlated equilibrium, we prove that optimizing over correlated equilibria is NP-hard in all of the other classes of games that we consider.
Antagonists for the human oxytocin receptor: an <i>in vitro</i> study (1994)

The oxytocin antagonist [Mpa1, D-Tyr(Et)2, Thr4, Orn8]-oxytocin has been successfully used for treating premature labour. The interactions of this antagonist with neurohypophysialhormone receptors in the human myometrium were investigated. Competition curves among [3H]oxytocin, [3H]arginine vasopressin, [3H][1-(beta-mercapto-beta,beta-cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid)2-(O-methyl)-tyrosine, 8-arginine] vasopressin, the corresponding unlabelled peptides and a series of oxytocin antagonists including [Mpa1,D-Tyr(Et)2,Thr4,Orn8]-oxytocin were constructed from results taken from the myometrium of pregnant women and rabbits, and were analysed simultaneously using the computer program LIGAND. The biological activity of [Mpa1,D-Tyr(Et)2,Thr4,Orn8]-oxytocin in the human uterus was investigated by studying its effect on oxytocin-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in human myometrial cells in culture that were expressing high concentrations of oxytocin receptors. The results indicate that [Mpa1,D-Tyr(Et)2,Thr4,Orn8]-oxytocin and related antagonists are selective for the oxytocin receptor in the myometrium of pregnant rabbits but not of pregnant women. In women, they bind with high affinity to the V1 vasopressin receptor. In myometrial cells [Mpa1,D-Tyr(Et)2,Thr4,Orn8]- oxytocin inhibits the oxytocin-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration in a dose-dependent fashion, with an IC50 value of 5 nmol l-1. The uterine relaxant effect of this antagonist might result not only from the block of the oxytocin receptor, but also from interaction with the V1 vasopressin receptor.
Approaches to highly efficient UV emitters based on AlGaN quantum wells (2016)

Various semipolar AlGaN/AlN quantum wells (QWs) with atomically smooth surfaces and abrupt interfaces are fabricated on AlN bulk substrates. While keeping the crystal qualities, we can easily adjust the Al compositions in the semipolar AlGaN QWs by changing growth temperatures, similar to the case of conventional (0001) AlGaN QWs. Due to the small internal electric fields in the semipolar QWs, the energy fluctuations are extremely suppressed and the radiative recombination lifetimes are drastically shortened, compared with the (0001) QWs. The shorter radiative recombination lifetimes realize much stronger emissions from the semipolar QWs.
Structural and regulatory properties of nucleotide binding regulatory N proteins of adenylate cyclase and their effects on hormone receptors (1984)

The adenylate cyclase (AC) system is responsible for the synthesis of the second messenger cAMP which mediates the effects of many hormones and neurotransmitters on their target tissues. This system is located within the plasma membrane of target cells and is responsible for the vectorial transduction of receptor occupancy by hormones into an altered rate of cyclic AMP synthesis. A complete AC system (Figure 1) responds to both stimulatory and inhibitory hormonal regulation (Cooper, 1982). In addition to receptors (R) and the catalytic unit (C), which actually synthesizes cAMP, an AC system is composed of two N (or G) coupling proteins that upon activation regulate the activity of C (Figure 2).
Copolymerization of Ethylene and Alkyl Vinyl Ethers by a (Phosphine- sulfonate)PdMe Catalyst (2007)

The neutral complex (PO−OMe)PdMe(py) (1, PO−OMe = 2-[bis(2-OMe−Ph)phosphino]-4-methylbenzenesulfonate) polymerizes ethylene to a linear polymer with 1−10 branches/103 carbons (mostly methyl) and vinyl and 2-olefin unsaturated end groups. Complex 1 copolymerizes ethylene and alkyl vinyl ethers (CH2CHOR, 2a−c: R = tBu (a), Et (b), Bu (c)) in toluene at 60−100 °C to linear copolymers containing up to 7 mol % of vinyl ether. Addition of CH2CHOR lowers the polymerization rate and the polymer molecular weight. The copolymer structures are similar to that of homopolyethylene generated under the same conditions. The major comonomer units are −CH2CH(OR)CH2− (I) and CH3CH(OR)CH2− (II). The ethylene/CH2CHOR copolymers can be converted to hydroxy- and bromo-polyethylene. The results of control experiments argue against cationic and radical mechanisms for the copolymerization, and an insertion mechanism is proposed. The reaction of base-free (PO−OMe)PdMe with CH2CHOEt yields the adduct (PO−OMe)PdMe(CH2CHOEt), which undergoes 1,2-insertion to generate (PO−OMe)PdCH2CH(OEt)Me.
Comparative genomics of Japanese<i>Erwinia pyrifoliae</i>strain Ejp617 with closely related erwinias (2012)

Japanese Erwinia pyrifoliae strains cause bacterial shoot blight of pear (BSBP) in Japan. The genetics of Japanese Erwinia remains largely unknown relative to the abundant genomic information available for other Erwinia strains. We compared the genome of Japanese and Korean E. pyrifoliae strains along with those of E. amylovora and E. tasmaniensis. Comparisons with the Korean E. pyrifoliae strain revealed numerous gene insertions/deletions, rearrangements, and inversions in the central regions of the chromosomes. Approximately 80% (2843) of coding DNA sequences (CDSs) are shared by these two genomes which represent about three-quarters of the genome, and there are about 20% unique CDSs. Comparative analysis with closely related erwinias showed that 1942 (more than 50%) core open reading frames (ORF) are shared by all these strains. In addition to two type III secretion systems (hrp/dsp and inv/spa), the genome of Ejp617 encodes numerous virulence factors, including a type VI secretion system, an exopolysaccharide synthesis cluster, and another protein secretion system present in plant pathogenic Erwinia strains. The availability of whole genome sequence should provide a resource to further improve the understanding of pathogenesis in Japanese E. pyrifoliae Ejp617 and to facilitate evolutionary studies among the species of the genus Erwinia.
Engineering Cell-Permeant FLP Recombinase for Tightly Controlled Inducible and Reversible Overexpression in Embryonic Stem Cells (2010)

Combined application of DNA recombinases Cre and FLP enables tightly controlled independent and/or sequential gene regulations. However, in practice, such dual recombinase strategies are hampered by the comparably low efficiency of the FLP recombinase. Here, we present the engineering of a recombinant cell-permeant FLP protein (TAT-FLP) that induces recombination in >75% of fibroblasts and mouse as well as human embryonic stem (ES) cells. We show that TAT-FLP ideally complements the strength of cell-permeant Cre recombinase for genetic engineering as exemplified by FLP-ON-Cre-OFF, an inducible transgene expression cassette that enables tightly controlled expression in a reversible manner. We exemplify this concept by conditional overexpression of LacZ and the caudal-related homeobox transcription factor CDX2. We expect our FLP transduction system to become widely useful for numerous genetic interventions addressing complex biological questions and the generation of transgene-free therapeutically applicable ES cell-derived cells.
Complex amplitudes tracking loop for multi-path channel estimation in OFDM systems: Synthesis and extension (2014)

This study deals with pilot-aided multi-path channel estimation for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems under slow to moderate fading conditions. Some algorithms exploit the channel time-domain correlation by using Kalman filters (KFs) to track the channel multi-path complex amplitudes (CAs), assuming a primary acquisition of the delays. Recently, it was shown that less complex algorithms, based on a second-order Complex Amplitude Tracking Loop (CATL) structure and a Least-Square (LS) pilot-aided error signal, can also reach near optimal asymptotic mean-squared error (MSE) performance. The LS-CATL-based algorithms are inspired by digital Phase-Locked Loops (PLL), as well as by the “prediction-correction” principle of the KF (in steady-state mode). This paper sums up and extends our previous results for the tuning and steady-state performance of the LS-CATL algorithm: analytic formulae are given for the first-, second-, and third-order loops, usable here for the multi-path multi-carrier scenario, and adaptable to any Doppler spectrum model of wide-sense stationary channels.
Enhanced photoneutron cross sections for zirconium isotopes near threshold: evidence for extra M1 strength? (2008)

Photoneutron cross sections were measured for 91Zr, 92Zr and 94Zr near the neutron separation energy with quasi‐monochromatic γ rays. Some systematic extra strength is found around the neutron threshold and identified, through a coherent analysis of 92Zr(γ,n)91Zr and 91Zr(n,γ)92Zr cross sections, as being most probably a strong M1 resonance. The microscopic HFB+QRPA model for the E1 strength with the additional contribution of a strong M1 resonance at 9 MeV is found to explain all the reaction cross section data available. With such an M1 resonance strength tuned on the 92Zr(γ,n)91Zr reaction, the photoneutron cross section of 91Zr and 94Zr are also found to be in good agreement with our new experimental data in the vicinity of the threshold and of the M1 peak energy. The present extra component in the photoneutron channel is qualitatively consistent with the M1 giant resonance reported in the inelastic proton scattering.
Targeting of the hepatitis B virus precore protein to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane: after signal peptide cleavage translocation can be aborted and the product released into the cytoplasm. (1988)

The major hepatitis B virus (HBV) core protein is a viral structural protein involved in nucleic acid binding. Its coding sequence contains an extension of 29 codons (the "precore" region) at the amino terminus of the protein which is present in a fraction of the viral transcripts. This region is evolutionarily conserved among mammalian and avian HBVs, suggesting it has functional importance, although at least for duck HBV it has been shown to be nonessential for replication of infectious virions. Using in vitro assays for protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, we found that the precore region of the HBV genome encodes a signal sequence. This signal sequence was recognized by signal recognition particle, which targeted the nascent precore protein to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane with efficiencies comparable to those of other mammalian secretory proteins. A 19-amino acid signal peptide was removed by signal peptidase on the lumenal side of the microsomal membrane, generating a protein similar to the HBV major core protein, but containing 10 additional amino acids from the precore region at its amino terminus. Surprisingly, we found that 70-80% of this signal peptidase-cleaved product was localized on the cytoplasmic side of the microsomal vesicles and was not associated with the membranes. We conclude that translocation was aborted by an unknown mechanism, then the protein disengaged from the translocation machinery and was released back into the cytoplasm. Thus, a cytoplasmically disposed protein was created whose amino terminus resulted from signal peptidase cleavage. The remaining 20-30% appeared to be completely translocated into the lumen of the microsomes. A deletion mutant lacking the carboxy-terminal nucleic acid binding domain of the precore protein was similarly partitioned between the lumen of the microsomes and the cytoplasmic compartment, indicating that this highly charged domain is not responsible for the aborted translocation. We discuss the implications of our findings for the protein translocation process and suggest a possible role in the virus life cycle.
Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcer of the Ascending Aorta: A Delayed Complication of Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (2003)

A 71-year-old woman, undergoing coronary angiography during preoperative evaluation for a major noncardiac surgery, was fortuitously detected as having penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer of the ascending aorta 5 years after coronary artery bypass surgery. While acute aortic dissections have been described after coronary bypass grafting, penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer of the ascending aorta as a delayed complication of bypass surgery has never been reported. The patient was treated conservatively and closely observed. A brief review of literature is also presented.
Glycosidation, 15. — Anticancer agents, 11. Development of selective anticancer agents synthesis of acetal‐β‐glucosides from cytotoxic alcohols (1990)

Abstract The reaction of trimethylsilyl 2,3,4,6‐tetra‐ O ‐acetyl‐β‐ D ‐glucopyranoside 7 with hexanal and the trimethylsilyl ethers 9a – c of cytotoxic alcohols 4a – c in the presence of catalytic amounts of TMS triflate yields the acetal‐β‐glucosides 10a – c . In a similar way, the acetal‐α‐glucosides 12a, b are obtained from 8 , hexanal, and 9a, b . In addition, the highly acid‐sensitive acetal‐β‐glucoside 13 is synthesized from 7 , acetone, and 9a . Deacetylation of 10a, 10b , and 13 by solvolysis affords the deprotected acetal‐β‐glucosides 11a, 11b , and 14 , respectively, which will be tested as selective anticancer agents.
Drive Monitoring System Based on Non-Contact Measurement System of Driver's Focus of Visual Attention (2005)

In order to realize driver monitoring systems and driver support systems based on the measurement of the driver, it is essential to establish non-contact measurement methods. In this paper, we propose a non-contact measurement system of driver's focus of visual attention by utilizing stereo and omnidirectional cameras. The system measures facial information of the driver such as the head position, orientation and gaze direction in real-time. The estimation of driver's focus of visual attention is achieved in following two ways : For in-car objects such as the speedometer and mirrors, the 3D gaze vector is checked whether it passes through each object. For objects outside of the car, fixation map is generated considering the history of the gaze movement. The feasibility of the methods was verified through measurement experiments of a driver at curve runs and lane changes using the developed in-vehicle measurement system.
Vinyl Alcohols. XIV.<sup>1</sup> Condensation of Grignard Reagents with α,β-Unsaturated Ketones (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVinyl Alcohols. XIV.1 Condensation of Grignard Reagents with α,β-Unsaturated KetonesReynold C. Fuson, D. J. Byers, Stanley P. Rowland, Philip L. Southwick, and Carleton A. SperatiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1944, 66, 11, 1873–1875Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1944https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01239a021RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views56Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (335 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Thermochemical stress relaxation in nonlinear visocoelastic solids (1975)

Thermochemical stress relaxation in isotropic, chemically reacting, viscoelastic materials is considered. Because of the difficulty in interpreting stress relaxation data in terms of this general, nonlinear theory, attention is restricted to incompressible elastomers and a specific form of the theory is formulated for analysis. It is shown how measurements of the axial stress for various extensions and initial temperature can be used, along with the model, to determine the relevant relaxation functions and the kinetics of the chain scission reactions taking place during the experiments. Specific calculations are carried out for Viton rubber.
Abstract 14187: Mitochondrial Iron Accumulation Leads to Cardiomyocyte Death and its Levels are Directly Sensed in the Cytoplasm (2013)

Background: Maintaining mitochondrial iron balance is critical for normal cardiac function. We showed earlier that deletion of ATP-binding cassette B8 (ABCB8) protein which facilitates mitochondrial iron export results in mitochondrial iron accumulation, oxidative stress, dysfunction of cytosolic iron-sulfur (Fe/S) cluster proteins, and spontaneous development of cardiomyopathy in mice. Given the complex phenotype, it remains unexplored which of these processes are responsible for cytotoxicity with ABCB8 deletion. This study has characterized the effects of mitochondrial iron accumulation due to ABCB8 knockdown (KD) or knockout (KO) on cellular survival, and potential communication between the mitochondria and cytoplasm in sensing iron levels. Results: To reverse mitochondrial iron accumulation with ABCB8 KD, we treated cells with various iron chelators, or with siRNA against mitoferrin-2 (MFRN2), the primary mitochondrial iron importer in cardiomyocytes. Both iron chelators and MFRN2 siRNA reversed mitochondrial iron accumulation, ROS production and cell death resulting from ABCB8 KD, suggesting that mitochondrial iron overload mediates cytotoxicity of ABCB8 deletion. To determine if the defect in cytosolic Fe/S proteins was primarily due to mitochondrial iron deregulation or was secondary to increased oxidative stress, we measured cytosolic Fe/S protein activity with iron chelators, MFRN2 siRNA, or antioxidant treatments. Neither MFRN2 siRNA nor various antioxidants were able to reverse inactivation of cytosolic Fe/S proteins with ABCB8 KD. However, iron chelator treatment rescued Fe/S protein activities in ABCB8 KD cells. Similarly, iron chelators reversed mitochondrial iron accumulation and restored activity of cytosolic Fe/S proteins in hearts from ABCB8 KO mice. Thus, the defect in maturation of cytosolic Fe/S proteins is independent of the oxidative stress, but is a direct effect of mitochondrial iron overload. Conclusions: Cytotoxicity of ABCB8 KD and the defect in cytosolic Fe/S cluster maturation are due to mitochondrial iron accumulation, but not the associated oxidative stress. Moreover, our results suggest that mitochondrial iron is sensed in the cytoplasm and influences maturation of cytosolic Fe/S proteins.