gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Clinoptilolite on Growth Performance and Antioxidant Status in Broilers (2013)

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of natural clinoptilolite and modified clinoptilolite on growth performance and antioxidant capacity in broiler chicks. Two hundred forty 1-day-old commercial Arbor Acres broilers were randomly distributed into three treatments, each of which had eight replicates. Each replicate contains 10 chicks. Control (CON) group fed with the basal diets, natural clinoptilolite (NCLI) group fed basal diets with 2 % natural clinoptilolite, and modified clinoptilolite (MCLI) group fed basal diets with 2 % modified clinoptilolite for 42 days. The results showed that the 2 % supplementation of natural clinoptilolite and modified clinoptilolite had no adverse effect on growth performance of broilers at 42 days of age. Relative weights of organs were not influenced by dietary treatments at 21 and 42 days. The activity of total nitric oxide synthase was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in MCLI group than CON group at 21 days of age. At 21 and 42 days, the activities of glutathione peroxidase, catalase, total superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in NCLI and MCLI groups than the CON group while there was no difference in T-AOC between CON and NCLI groups. The malondialdehyde content was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in NCLI and MCLI groups than the CON group. It was concluded that the addition of 2 % natural clinoptilolite and modified clinoptilolite to diet can improve antioxidant capacity in broilers, although their effects on growth performance was negligible.
The leader of the HIV-1 RNA genome forms a compactly folded tertiary structure (2000)

The untranslated leader of the RNA genome of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) encodes multiple signals that regulate distinct steps of the viral replication cycle. The RNA secondary structure of several replicative signals in the HIV-1 leader is critical for function. Well-known examples include the TAR hairpin that forms the binding site for the viral Tat trans-activator protein and the DIS hairpin that is important for dimerization and subsequent packaging of the viral RNA into virion particles. In this study, we present evidence for the formation of a tertiary structure by the complete HIV-1 leader RNA. This conformer was recognized as a fast-migrating band on nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels, and such a migration effect is generally attributed to differences in compactness. Both the 5' and 3' domains of the 335-nt HIV-1 leader RNA are required for the formation of the compact RNA structure, and the presence of several putative interaction domains was revealed by an extensive analysis of the denaturing effect of antisense DNA oligonucleotides. The buffer conditions and sequence requirements for conformer formation are strikingly different from that of the RNA-dimerization reaction. In particular, the conformer was destabilized in the presence of Mg2+ ions and by the viral nucleocapsid (NC) protein. The presence of a stable RNA structure in the HIV-1 leader was also apparent when this RNA was used as template for reverse transcription, which yielded massive stops ahead of the structured leader domain. Formation of the conformer is a reversible event, suggesting that the HIV-1 leader is a dynamic molecule. The putative biological function of this conformational polymorphism as molecular RNA switch in the HIV-1 replication cycle is discussed.
Fast digital image stabilization using one bit transform based sub-image motion estimation (2005)

This paper presents a fast image sequence stabilization system that uses one bit transform (IBT) matching based global motion estimation and Kalman filtering based global motion correction. In order to facilitate a fast motion estimation process, image frames are initially converted into a single bit-plane representation using the IBT, and then motion vectors are evaluated matching the IBTs of two consecutive frames using Boolean operations. Because a binary representation is established, the computational complexity of motion estimation is significantly reduced providing a proportionate reduction in power consumption of custom hardware. The global motion vector is computed using local motion vectors of sub-image blocks to further increase the motion estimation speed. For the motion correction part, global motion vectors are accumulated to yield absolute frame displacements and Kalman filtering is employed to achieve stabilization.
A New and Versatile Coating Method of Particles at Room Temperature (1998)

We have discovered a new coating method, which is based on the vibrational motion of microparticles in the electrostatic field between parallel electrodes. The metallic elements of Mn, Mo, W, Os, Ir, Cr and Pb and the nonmetallic elements of B, C, Si and Ge were successfully coated on to Fe, Cu, Al and brass substrates. The coated thicknesses were from 1 µg/cm2 to 30 mg/cm2 and the thickness is easily controllable. Threshold voltages of 3 and 5 kV for metallic and nonmetallic materials, respectively, exist. The particle sizes examined were larger than 0.1 µmφ. This method requires a minimum one hour to complete. The uniformity in thickness is fairly good, compared to that obtained using a vacuum-evaporation method. It is a dry method used at room temperature, and is very simple to use. Furthermore, the coated materials show strong adhesion and the used remnants are recyclable.
COMMENT (1968)

The Joint Committees for national and higher national certificates in engineering are insisting upon the inclusion of liberal studies in courses and this is bitterly resented by most teachers and students. One HMI who was trying to justify this in a recent meeting of engineering teachers was challenged to take a show of hands on the question; it went overwhelmingly against him. But official policy is unlikely to waver and another nail will thus be driven into the HNC coffin. The teachers may protest in vain but the students can vote with their feet; and how many men trying to study in addition to doing a full-time job will willingly spend an extra evening in college to be liberalized? The teachers of engineering are not necessarily illiberal in opposing the introduction of liberal studies. Is it not important for a liberal educationist to have regard to the wishes of his students? And is not the overloading of the curriculum a most illiberal thing? The rationale of liberal studies in a HNC course implies a confession of the essential illiberalism of the technological course itself. And this illiberalism is mainly the responsibility of the Joint Committees themselves. Before adding further subjects they should surely take a careful look at the existing curriculum and at the constraints which they themselves place upon its development.
The technique of fibrin adhesion for premature rupture of the membranes during pregnancy (1986)

The description of a new technique for fibrin adhesion (in 28 patients) for premature rupture of the membranes in pregnancy is reported. Unless cerclage has been carried out earlier, it is necessary to suture the cervical canal immediately after rupture of the membranes in order to be able to insert a fibrin clot. The author's modified cerclage technique (reverse McDonald procedure) is described. The advantages are minimal trauma to the lower uterine segment and a somewhat physiologic fixation of the synthetic suture material. For application of the fibrin sealant, the Duploject syringe clip is used, as it allows exact dosage and blending of the two sealant components in the course of their application to the site of sealing. The problem of evaluation of the results of the procedure is discussed. The technique carries no risk to mother or child. No cases of amniotic infection syndrome have been observed. Through prolongation of the pregnancy, time is gained for maturation of the fetal lungs. Accordingly, the authors recommend the technique for treating premature rupture of the membranes, although there is as yet no definite answer as to the optimal timing of this adhesion treatment during pregnancy.
<i>Heliothis zea</i> Nudivirus 1 Gene <i>hhi1</i> Induces Apoptosis Which Is Blocked by the <i>Hz-iap2</i> Gene and a Noncoding Gene, <i>pag1</i> (2011)

Heliothis zea nudivirus 1 (HzNV-1 or Hz-1 virus), previously regarded as a nonoccluded baculovirus, recently has been placed in the Nudivirus genus. This virus generates HzNV-1 HindIII-I 1 (hhi1) and many other transcripts during productive viral infection; during latent viral infection, however, persistency-associated gene 1 (pag1) is the only gene expressed. In this report, we used transient expression assays to show that hhi1 can trigger strong apoptosis in transfected cells, which can be blocked, at least partially, by the inhibitor of apoptosis genes Autographa californica iap2 (Ac-iap2) and H. zea iap2 (Hz-iap2). In addition to these two genes, unexpectedly, pag1, which encodes a noncoding RNA with no detectable protein product, was found to efficiently suppress hhi1-induced apoptosis. The assay of pro-Sf-caspase-1 processing by hhi1 transfection did not detect the small P12 subunit at any of the time intervals tested, suggesting that hhi1 of HzNV-1 induces apoptosis through alternative caspase pathways.
Preparation and characterization of microcapsulated red phosphorus and its flame‐retardant mechanism in halogen‐free flame retardant polyolefins (2003)

Abstract Microcapsulated red phosphorus (MRP), with a melamine–formaldehyde resin coating layer, was prepared by two‐step coating processes. The physical and chemical properties of MRP were characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and other measurements. The flame retardant action and mechanism of MRP in the halogen‐free flame retardant (HFFR) polyolefins (PO) blends have been studied using cone calorimeter, limiting oxygen index (LOI), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic FTIR spectroscopy. The results show that the MRP, which is coated with melamine–formaldehyde resin, has a higher ignition point, a considerably lower amount of phosphine evolution and of water absorption compared with red phosphorus (RP) itself. The data observed by cone calorimeter, LOI and TGA measurements from the PO/HFFR blends demonstrated that the MRP can decrease the heat release rate and effective heat of combustion, and increase the thermostability and LOI values of PO materials. The dynamic FTIR results revealed the flame‐retardant mechanism that RP can promote the formation of charred layers with the P–O and P–C complexes in the condensed phase during burning of polymer materials. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
The radiation hypersensitivity of cells at mitosis (2002)

The alpha-inactivation coefficient of mitotic HT-29 cells was ~30 times larger than that of interphase cells. Mitotic cell chromatin appears to contain intrinsic DNA breaks that are not lethal. In addition, chromatin in mitotic cells was found to be more susceptible to radiation-induced DNA strand-breakage than the dispersed chromatin of interphase cells. How the enhanced production of these simple DNA lesions (that are usually reparable) translates into the lethal (non-reparable) events associated with alpha-inactivation is not known. The compaction/dispersion status of DNA throughout the cell cycle appears to be an important factor for determining intrinsic cell radiosensitivity and might be manipulated for radiotherapeutic advantage.
Fragrance stability in three cosmetic applications (1999)

The author discusses some general stability issues that are encountered in developing fragrances for use in soap, shampoo and antiperspirants
The Use of Oral Colchicine for Low-Back Pain (1988)

The use of colchicine for the treatment of low-back pain has been controversial; however, recent studies have shown its effectiveness when used intravenously. Studies using oral colchicine alone are lacking. The purpose of this study is to evaluate in a prospective, double-blind fashion the use of oral colchicine in the treatment of low back pain. Group I patients (15) were treated with a placebo capsule, and Group II (12) patients were treated with a colchicine capsule prescribed in a "burst dose" regimen. Patients were evaluated at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 12 weeks with a mean followup of 12 weeks. Parameters studied included patient characteristics, compliance, the McCoy pain drawings, pain analogue scales, the Million scale and objective tests. In terms of therapeutic response, the study shows no statistically significant difference between oral colchicine and placebo. The colchicine group did have an increased number of side effects.
Ultrasound Contrast Agents (1997)

The introduction of ultrasound contrast agents will bring new applications of this diagnostic imaging technology into clinical practice. Vascular, organ-specific, and oral agents are now in clinical trials and will soon be available. The development and properties of ultrasound contrast agents, most of which are based on gas-filled microbubbles, are reviewed. The first group of agents designed to overcome the limitations of free gas bubbles were of more uniform size but were either too large to cross the pulmonary capillary bed or lasted for only a short time in the circulation. The next group was able to produce enhancement over a period of minutes, but did not enhance the parenchyma of organs. The most recently developed intravenous agents exhibit parenchymal enhancement or are tissue-specific during B-mode imaging. Oral contrast agents may be used to reduce the artifacts created by gas in the gastrointestinal tract and to more clearly image the upper abdomen. Specific agents within each of the groups are described. The use of harmonic imaging is reviewed.
Multi-Satellite MIMO Communications at Ku-Band and Above: Investigations on Spatial Multiplexing for Capacity Improvement and Selection Diversity for Interference Mitigation (2007)

This paper investigates the applicability of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology to satellite communications at the Ku-band and above. After introducing the possible diversity sources to form a MIMO matrix channel in a satellite environment, particular emphasis is put on satellite diversity. Two specific different topics from the field of MIMO technology applications to satellite communications at these frequencies are further analyzed: (i) capacity improvement achieved by MIMO spatial multiplexing systems and (ii) interference mitigation achieved by MIMO diversity systems employing receive antenna selection. In the first case, a single-user capacity analysis of a satellite MIMO spatial multiplexing system is presented and a useful analytical closed form expression is derived for the outage capacity achieved. In the second case, a satellite MIMO diversity system with receive antenna selection is considered, adjacent satellite cochannel interference on its forward link is studied and an analytical model predicting the interference mitigation achieved is presented. In both cases, an appropriate physical MIMO channel model is assumed which takes into account the propagation phenomena related to the frequencies of interest, such as clear line-of-sight operation, high antenna directivity, the effect of rain fading, and the slant path lengths difference. Useful numerical results obtained through the analytical expressions derived are presented to compare the performance of multi-satellite MIMO systems to relevant single-input single-output (SISO) ones.
The Rgaybat: camel nomads of the Western Sahara (1998)

The Rgaybat tribal confederation of the Western Sahara region is the largest tribal group there. Despite their description of themselves as khamsa‐khmas there are actually many more clans than five and the confederation is basically split into two fractions. Although both claim a sharifian descent and Arab origins, there is significant evidence to show that at least one fraction has a clear Berber linguistic and social component and the typical Berber institution of Ait Arba'in also existed in the federation. The confederation was the largest tribal group of camel nomads in the Western Sahara region, spilling over its edges into other countries as part of its migration patterns, until the war between Morocco and the Polisario Front. This ethnographic study dates from before this time, which began in 1975.
PREGNANCY RESULTS FOLLOWING TREATMENT WITH CLOMIPHENE CITRATE (1971)

Summary Three hundred and twenty‐eight infertile women were selected for treatment with clomiphene citrate because the sole cause of their infertility was absent or infrequent ovulation; this was induced in 66.4 per cent with an overall pregnancy rate of 52 per cent. Six types of cytological response to clomiphene are described together with the effect on cervical mucus. Improved results were obtained by a more careful selection of patients and with greater use of combined therapy with human chorionic gonadotrophin, when the ovulatory response rose to 74 per cent with pregnancy rate of 63 per cent.
Tritium concentration and fixation. Budget acitvity No. BD 0301030. Progress report, April 1--June 30, 1974. [In Zr hydride or polymer-impregnated concrete] (1974)

Zr was hydrided with H containing a trace of T, and then leached with various solutions; practically no T (<0.1%) was leached. Tritium leach rates from polymer-impregnated concretes can be reduced if high-alumina cement (lumnite) is used. CaC/sub 2/ was reacted with tritiated water to form C/sub 2/T/sub 2/ which was subsequently polymerized in a /sup 60/Co ..gamma.. field; this polymer will be incorporated into concrete. (DLC)
Vasectomy by electrocautery: outcomes in a series of 2,500 patients. (1985)

The effectiveness of the electrocautery technique of vasectomy is compared with the more commonly used ligation technique. Twenty-five hundred cases of vasectomy by electrocautery are presented. The men were Americans who selected vasectomy over a period of 11 years. All cases were performed by one unvarying technique. The vas was cut, and the lumen was cauterized. One end was covered, and all bleeding sites were cauterized. The failure rate in this series was 0.24 percent. A review of the world literature shows that failure rates of the common ligation techniques ranged from 1 to 6 percent. It appears that the electrocautery technique has about one tenth the failures of the standard ligation technique.
Improved Uniformity In Thinned Scientific CCDs (1989)

Large area image sensors using Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) technology for scientific applications are often thinned and backside illuminated to improve their overall sensitivity and particularly their short wavelength response. The usual method of fabrication is to start with a p-type (high resistivity) epi-layer on a 1)4-type (low resistivity) substrate and chemically etch the device until there is a thin membrane of the desired thickness at or near the p-p+ interface. Variations in the doping concentration at the final back surface because of nonuniform thinning often lead to poor pixel-to-pixel uniformities. Pixel-to-pixel variations of > 100% are not uncommon for incident light at wavelengths of 350 nm on poorly thinned devices. We have developed a thinning process that reduces the pixel-to-pixel variations to < 5% while maintaining a quantum efficiency (QE) of > 40% at 350 nm, when the back surface is charged. Two scientific CCDs are currently made with thiA process, a 404 x 64 array of 52 x 52 gm pixels and a 1200 x 400 array of 27 x 27 gm' pixels. Test results of this process on these two devices will be presented.
A one-pin crystal oscillator for VLSI circuits (1984)

The oscillator features the same stability, reliability, and ease of use as the common Pierce oscillator; however, only one package pin and no external components other than the crystal need be dedicated to the oscillator. The design is quite general, and may be implemented in either NMOS or CMOS technologies, using only a moderate amount of silicon area. Design examples are given, and the fabrication results are presented.
Identification and characterization of stationary phase inducible genes in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1993)

During transition into stationary phase a large set of proteins is induced in Escherichia coli. Only a minority of the corresponding genes has been identified so far. Using the λplacMu system and a plate screen for carbon starvation-induced fusion activity, a series of chromosomal lacZ fusions (csi::lacZ) was isolated. In complex medium these fusions were induced either during late exponential phase or during entry into stationary phase. csi::lacZ expression in minimal media in response to starvation for carbon, nitrogen and phosphate sources and the roles of global regulators such as the alternative sigma factor sigma;<sup>S</sup> (encoded by rpoS), cAMP/CRP and the relA gene product were investigated. The results show that almost every fusion exhibits its own characteristic pattern of expression, suggesting a complex control of stationary phase-inducible genes that involves various combinations of regulatory mechanisms for different genes. All fusions were mapped to the E. coli chromosome. Using fine mapping by Southern hybridization, cloning, sequencing and/or phenotypic analysis, csi-5, csi-17, and csi-18 could be localized in osmY (encoding a periplasmic protein), glpD (aerobic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) and glgA (glycogen synthase), respectively. The other fusions seem to specify novel genes now designated csiA through to csiF. csi-17(glpD)::lacZ was shown to produce its own glucose-starvation induction, thus illustrating the Intricacies of gene-fusion technology when applied to the study of gene regulation.
Linear and rotational microhydraulic actuators driven by electrowetting (2018)

Microhydraulic actuators offer a new way to convert electrical power to mechanical power on a microscale with an unmatched combination of power density and efficiency. Actuators work by combining surface tension force contributions from a large number of droplets distorted by electrowetting electrodes. This paper reports on the behavior of microgram-scale linear and rotational microhydraulic actuators with output force/weight ratios of 5500, cycle frequencies of 4 kilohertz, <1-micrometer movement precision, and accelerations of 3 kilometers/second<sup>2</sup> The power density and the efficiency of the actuators were characterized by simultaneously measuring the mechanical work performed and the electrical power applied. Maximum output power density was 0.93 kilowatt/kilogram, comparable with the best electric motors. At maximum power, the actuator was 60% efficient, but efficiencies were as high as 83% at lower power. Rotational actuators demonstrated a torque density of 79 newton meters/kilogram, substantially more than electric motors of comparable diameter. Scaling the droplet pitch from 100 to 48 micrometers increased power density from 0.27 to 0.93 kilowatt/kilogram, validating the quadratic scaling of actuator power.