gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Properties of PbS-PbO crystalline films. I. Preparation and physical structure (1976)

The physical properties of PbO-PbS, prepared by vapor codeposition on a heated NaCl substrate, were studied. The PbO did not alloy with the PbS, but, instead, segregated out as a finely dispersed separate phase within a single-crystal PbS matrix. Electron diffraction data established that trace amounts of PbSO4 and SiO2β also precipitated. The PbS lattice constant did not vary as the amount of PbO was increased, indicating a very low oxygen solubility in PbS. This is in agreement with thermodynamic data on the PbS-PbO system.
Outcomes of Cataract Surgery Following Treatment for Retinoblastoma (2017)

After retinoblastoma regression, cataract extraction in our series was not associated with tumor recurrence or metastasis. Visual improvement was noted in every patient.
Antibody Phenotyping Test for the Human Apolipoprotein E2 Isoform (2003)

Numerous methods have been described to determine the apolipoprotein E (apoE) phenotype or genotype of individuals (1)(2). These techniques are relatively time-consuming, and interpretation of the results can be difficult. Here, we report the development of a rapid and specific antibody-based test for the identification of the apoE2 isoform. Previously, we characterized the binding properties of a panel of anti-human apoE monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (3)(4)(5). The locations of epitopes of selected mAbs from the panel are presented in Fig. 1A⇓ . Although neither mAb 6C5 nor 3H1 showed apoE isoform specificity, mAb 2E8 recognized an epitope that includes the apoE LDL receptor-binding site and resembles the LDL receptor in terms of its fine specificity.

Several apoE variants that are defective in their ability to mediate binding of lipoproteins to the LDL receptor and are associated with type III hyperlipoproteinemia are poorly recognized by mAb 2E8. These include the relatively common apoE2 (Arg158-Cys) isoform as well as many, but not all, of the rare variants, including apoE2 (Arg136-Ser). Thus, similar to DNA-based phenotyping assays, our immunoassay is designed to detect the most common apoE2 isoforms. When mixtures of purified apoE2 and apoE3 were prepared and tested in a sandwich ELISA format using mAb 6C5 for capture and the 2E8-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugate for the identification, there was selective identification of the apoE3 isoform (Fig. 1D⇓ ). Similarly, there was selective identification of apoE2 in mixtures …
An Improvement on the Process for Making Amidone (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn Improvement on the Process for Making AmidoneJohn W. CusicCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 10, 3546Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1949https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01178a508RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views102Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (157 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Hydrogenation of α‐Fluoro α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes, Ketones, and Esters and of α,β‐Difluoro α,. beta.‐Unsaturated Ketones. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<title>Document-specific character template estimation</title> (1996)

An approach to supervised training of document-specific character templates from sample page images and unaligned transcriptions is presented. The template estimation problem is formulated as one of constrained maximum likelihood parameter estimation within the document image decoding (DID) framework. This leads to a two-phase iterative training algorithm consisting of transcription alignment and aligned template estimation (ATE) steps. The ATE step is the heart of the algorithm and involves assigning template pixel colors to maximize likelihood while satisfying a template disjointedness constraint. The training algorithm is demonstrated on a variety of English documents, including newspaper columns, 15th century books, degraded images of 19th century newspapers, and connected text in a script-like font. Three applications enabled by the training procedure are described -- high accuracy document-specific decoding, transcription error visualization and printer font generation.
Antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on a quasiperiodic lattice with hierarchical interactions (1990)

A quantum Heisenberg spin system on a quasiperiodic lattice with long-range hierarchical antiferromagnetic interactions is investigated. Because of the mean-field-like nature of interactions we can obtain all the eigenenergies and eigenfunctions in a uniform external field. The ground state is a dimerized state with quasi-long-range antiferromagnetic order and there is no gap immediately above the ground-state energy in the energy spectrum. Complete self-similarity of the magnetization (devil's staircase) is shown rigorously.
Design and Operation of an Urban Electric Courier Cargo Bike System (2018)

In recent years, the number of packages sent by Courier, Express and Parcel (CEP) services has increased significantly. Many people order products online expecting fast delivery and, additionally, more than every tenth product is sent back to the merchant. Delivery tours, which are mainly conducted by diesel trucks, account for increased traffic congestion and air pollution, especially in cities. Therefore, CEPs are required to create innovative solutions. In this paper, we present a project in Munich, Germany, where the last mile package delivery is carried out by a CEP company by cargo bikes and eBikes. To this end, two containers and one truck-trailer are placed in the city center which function as depot stations for the parcels to be delivered nearby. We analyze the delivery data, present an optimization scheme for finding suitable container locations, and simulate the routes conducted by cargo bikes for an average day. It can be concluded that the presented approach is a feasible solution for the package delivery in densely populated cities. The vehicle mileage covered by diesel trucks per day is significantly reduced from 180 km to 45 km, approximately.
Pellet (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
Early fluctuations of BFU-E pool size after transfusion or erythropoietin treatment. (1979)

The kinetics of erythroid burst-(BFU-E) and colony-forming units (CFU-E) have been evaluated in marrow and spleen of normal or polycythemic mice, respectively, after transfusion or administration or purified erythropoietin (Ep). Ep injection induces an early but temporary rise of BFU-E number, versus a later but more prolonged expansion of the CFU-E pool. Symmetric patterns are observed after transfusion, i.e., an early but transient depletion of the BFU-E population, versus a later but more persistent decrease of the CFU-E number. It is suggested that the size of the BFU-E compartment is Ep-dependent in the "early" phase after erythroid perturbation. Later on, however, compensatory mechanisms allow the BFU-E pool to "escape" from the early Ep influence, thus allowing its size to return to and stabilize in the near normal range. It is further suggested that the BFU-E may represent an early target cell of Ep stimulus.
Facile, temperature-dependent formation of gaseous C1 and C2 perfluoroalkyl hypofluorites. Applications as electrophilic fluorinating agents (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFacile, temperature-dependent formation of gaseous C1 and C2 perfluoroalkyl hypofluorites. Applications as electrophilic fluorinating agentsG. Keith Mulholland and Richard E. EhrenkauferCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 9, 1482–1489Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00359a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00359a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views441Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Identification of System Properties in a Square Frame Undergoing Large Deformations: Numerical and Experimental Investigations (2014)

The aim of this paper is to highlight and identify the influencing parameters of the nonlinear behavior of highly deformable structures. Therefore, as an example, a large deformable square frame consisting of four slender members of equal length has been investigated experimentally. Based on highly resolving measurements using the digital image correlation method (DIC), the inverse problem of nonlinear system identification has been solved by an automatic parameter identification algorithm. For this purpose, a numerical model is set up with a beam finite element model using the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF), which enables the modeling of geometrical and possible material nonlinearities. The influencing parameters as well as the system properties have been determined by using a genetic optimization algorithm. The impact of the main influencing parameter is carved out by an included sensitivity study. The final model with automatically identified parameters shows high agreement with the experimental setup. With this approach the influences and nonlinearities, e.g. material parameters, rigid behavior, real boundary conditions, etc., come up to surface leading to a deeper understanding of the structural behavior of the system itself. Therefore, the present approach can be utilized for further investigations of nonstandard structures undergoing large deformations.
ChemInform Abstract: Absolute Configuration of the Product of the Acetolactate Synthase Reaction by a Novel Method of Analysis Using Acetolactate Decarboxylase. (1990)

Abstract As part of a study of the stereochemistry of enzymatic reactions the absolute configuration of the product of the condensation of (I) with (II) is investigated using acetolactate decarboxylase.
Mechanism of in vitro synthesis of covalently linked dimeric RNA molecules by the poliovirus replicase (1986)

Four RNA fragments of approximately 1,000 to 1,200 nucleotides, representing both the 5' and 3' termini of poliovirus plus- and minus-strand RNAs, were generated by transcription of poliovirus cDNA by using bacteriophage SP6 RNA polymerase. The copying of these templates by the poliovirus replicase invariably produced RNA products approximately twice the size of the templates. In experiments with templates uniformly labeled with 32P it was shown that some of the apparently double-length products were generated by extension from an internal site of the template. Filter hybridization of the labeled in vitro-synthesized products with various unlabeled templates suggested a second mechanism by which double-length molecules could be synthesized; the results can be best explained by de novo synthesis of the first strand by copying of the template RNA, followed by snap-back of the newly synthesized RNA, generating a template-primer structure for the synthesis of the second strand. Highly purified poliovirus replicase was able to support the synthesis of double-length RNA products in response to these templates. These reactions did not require host factor. In contrast, synthesis of genome-length copies of poliovirion RNA by the same replicase was absolutely dependent on added host factor. The synthesis of double-length RNA products did not require either the 3'-terminal poly(A) of plus RNA or sequences within the 3' termini of both plus- and minus-strand RNAs.
Development of a Water Stick to Measure Nipple Waterer Flow Rates (2004)

Inadequate drinking water supplies have been cited as a major reason for poor weight gain in broiler production. One of the limiting factors is nipple waterer flow rate. Research demonstrated a constant water flow rate of 25 mL/min impeded BW by approximately 156 g (0.34 lb) at 6 wk of age compared with those having 75 mL/min through the grow out. A device to measure nipple flow rates was developed from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe, pipefittings, aluminum screen, and a centrifuge tube. The instrument is 41 in. tall so that the user stands to obtain a measurement, eliminating the need to kneel in litter while activating the nipple. This water stick features a screened trip plate to activate the nipple, a clear polypropylene measuring tube, and a pour spout for discarding the sample. Following the description herein, the stick can be easily constructed so that the conscientious integrator, grower, or researcher can assure flocks an adequate drinking water supply.
Synchrotron radiation studies of electronic structure and surface chemistry of GaAs, GaSb, and InP (1976)

The oxidation properties of GaAs(110), GaSb(110), and InP(110) have been studied with the photoemission technique using synchrotron radiation. One part of the work consisted of an investigation of the chemical shifts in the core levels upon adsorption of oxygen in submonolayer quantities. For GaAs and InP, oxygen removed electrons preferentially from the surface column V elements (As and P), leaving the column III elements (Ga and In) unaffected; whereas, for GaSb, both constitutents were involved in the oxidation suggesting a breaking of bonds between the surface atoms and the rest of the crystal. The second part of the study consisted of a careful investigation of the Fermi level (Ef) pinning in the GaAs(110) surface. Three different samples and many cleaves were studied. For one sample, Ef was always at the bulk position. On the other two crystals, both pinned and unpinned cases were found on various cleaves. The unpinned samples had sharp electron distribution curves (EDC’s), while the pinned samples had smeared EDC’s which became sharp for exposures as small as 10 L (1 L=10−6 Torr sec) O2. This, coupled with partial yield spectra showing little change up to 105 L O2, implied that the pinnings on the cleaved surface were due to extrinsic states and that the empty surface states were located in the conduction band. All samples showed pinning at midgap after an exposure of 104 L O2(&lt;1% monolayer). Large changes in the valence band upon oxidation also indicate the possibility of surface resonances in the region 1 to 2 eV below the valence band maximum.
Photoelastic Analysis of Stresses in a Steam-Turbine Blade Root (1940)

Abstract The analysis of the stresses in steam-turbine blade roots by photoelastic methods has particular reference to the determination of the loadings on the multiple steps. In this paper, from a comparison of test and calculated values, the stress-concentration factors are obtained for the neck and step sections.
IFI16 Preferentially Binds to DNA with Quadruplex Structure and Enhances DNA Quadruplex Formation (2016)

Interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) is a member of the HIN-200 protein family, containing two HIN domains and one PYRIN domain. IFI16 acts as a sensor of viral and bacterial DNA and is important for innate immune responses. IFI16 binds DNA and binding has been described to be DNA length-dependent, but a preference for supercoiled DNA has also been demonstrated. Here we report a specific preference of IFI16 for binding to quadruplex DNA compared to other DNA structures. IFI16 binds to quadruplex DNA with significantly higher affinity than to the same sequence in double stranded DNA. By circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy we also demonstrated the ability of IFI16 to stabilize quadruplex structures with quadruplex-forming oligonucleotides derived from human telomere (HTEL) sequences and the MYC promotor. A novel H/D exchange mass spectrometry approach was developed to assess protein interactions with quadruplex DNA. Quadruplex DNA changed the IFI16 deuteration profile in parts of the PYRIN domain (aa 0-80) and in structurally identical parts of both HIN domains (aa 271-302 and aa 586-617) compared to single stranded or double stranded DNAs, supporting the preferential affinity of IFI16 for structured DNA. Our results reveal the importance of quadruplex DNA structure in IFI16 binding and improve our understanding of how IFI16 senses DNA. IFI16 selectivity for quadruplex structure provides a mechanistic framework for IFI16 in immunity and cellular processes including DNA damage responses and cell proliferation.
G3-PLC field trials in U.S. distribution grid: Initial results and requirements (2011)

In order to address the energy needs of tomorrow, powerline communication as one of the enabling technologies for smart grid is gaining a lot of momentum. In Particular, the U.S. distribution grid in the rural area is a great fit for powerline communication. In this paper we discuss the U.S. distribution grid topology and demonstrate how a PLC network can be deployed. We also show some field trial results along with data showing the noise and interference sources in the grid. The field trial results demonstrate that crossing the transformer is key for smart grid PLC deployment in the U.S. Moreover, it is shown that the channel conditions are often very poor requiring very robust mode of operation. We conclude by showing that a G3-PLC system is capable of handling such severe conditions including crossing transformers due to its robust mode of operation and its adaptive tone mapping capabilities.
Some Applications of Threshold Signature Schemes to Distributed Protocols. (2002)

In a threshold signature scheme, a group of players share a secret information in such a way that only those subsets with a minimum number of players can compute a valid signature. We propose methods to construct some useful and computationally secure distributed protocols from threshold signature schemes satisfying some suitable properties.
Data cache parameter measurements (2002)

We extend prior research by Saavedra and Smith on designing microbenchmarks to measure data cache parameters. Unlike Saavedra and Smith, we measure the parameters by characterizing read accesses separately from write accesses; and we do not assume that the address mapping function is a bit-selection. We can measure the cache capacity C, block size b, and associativity a; we can measure the cache-hit access time and penalty for read and write; we can determine whether a cache allocates on write; we can detect write-back and write-through policies. We present experimental results for two CPU/cache structures, a 200 MHz Pentium with MMX and a 180 MHz Pentium Pro.
The Cost of Healthcare to Americans (2002)

The 20th century has witnessed many achievements and improvements in healthcare delivery in the United States. The United States spends 40% more per capita on healthcare than any other Western industrialized nation. However, the United States remains the only industrialized nation in the world that does not provide a basic health benefit package to all its citizens, despite the high level of spending on healthcare. Millions of Americans are disenfranchised, especially ethnic minorities, who encounter numerous barriers to the US healthcare system. The basic issues underlying efforts to improve the US healthcare system are concerned mainly with reducing costs; increasing access to healthcare, especially for the insured or the underinsured; and further improving and maintaining quality healthcare. This article discusses the reasons for increase in healthcare spending, despite measures taken by health stakeholders (eg, federal government, private health insurance industry, employers) to contain or reduce cost. This article further discusses attempts to create equitable healthcare for all Americans during the 1960s and 1970s. The Reagan era brought an end to such attempts by applying the "free-market" concept to healthcare, which saw movement away from domestic social programs by the federal government and the corporatization of healthcare. In the first half of the 1990s, concerns of the US healthcare system moved into the mainstream of political consciousness and debate. Five major attempts since 1912 to reform the US healthcare system have failed. This has left many to conclude that despite the increasing problems of access, cost, and quality of care in the United States, the country remains on a path of incremental changes in the healthcare system.
The Cauchy‐Kowalewski product for bicomplex holomorphic functions (2012)

Abstract In this paper we study the Cauchy‐Kowalewski extension of real analytic functions satisfying a system of differential equations connected to bicomplex analysis, and we use this extension to study the product in the space of bicomplex holomorphic functions. We also show how these ideas can be used to define a Fourier transform for bicomplex holomorphic functions.