gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for cardiology during COVID-19 pandemic (2021)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) shows extensive capabilities to impact different healthcare areas during the COVID-19 pandemic positively. This paper tries to assess the capabilities of AI in the field of cardiology during the COVID-19 pandemic. This technology is useful to provide advanced technology-based treatment in cardiology as it can help analyse and measure the functioning of the human heart. We have studied a good number of research papers on Artificial Intelligence on cardiology during the COVID-19 pandemic to identify its significant benefits, applications, and future scope. AI uses artificial neuronal networks (ANN) to predict. In cardiology, it is used to predict the survival of a COVID-19 patient from heart failure. AI involves complex algorithms for predicting somewhat successful diagnosis and treatments. This technology uses different techniques, such as cognitive computing, deep learning, and machine learning. It is incorporated to make a decision and resolve complex challenges. It can focus on a large number of diseases, their causes, interactions, and prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper introduces AI-based care and studies its need in the field of cardiology. Finally, eleven major applications of AI in cardiology during the COVID-19 pandemic are identified and discussed. Cardiovascular diseases are one of the major causes of death in human beings, and it is increasing for the last few years. Cardiology patients' treatment is expensive, so this technology is introduced to provide a new pathway and visualise cardiac anomalies. AI is used to identify novel drug therapies and improve the efficiency of a physician. It is precise to predict the outcome of the COVID-19 patient from cardiac-based algorithms. Artificial Intelligence is becoming a popular feature of various engineering and healthcare sectors, is thought for providing a sustainable treatment platform. During the COVID-19 pandemic, this technology digitally controls some processes of treatments.
Ligand-independent activation of estrogen receptor   by XBP-1 (2003)

The estrogen receptor (ER) is a member of a large superfamily of nuclear receptors that regulates the transcription of estrogen-responsive genes. Several recent studies have demonstrated that XBP-1 mRNA expression is associated with ERalpha status in breast tumors. However, the role of XBP-1 in ERalpha signaling remains to be elucidated. More recently, two forms of XBP-1 were identified due to its unconventional splicing. We refer to the spliced and unspliced forms of XBP-1 as XBP-1S and XBP-1U, respectively. Here, we report that XBP-1S and XBP-1U enhanced ERalpha-dependent transcriptional activity in a ligand-independent manner. XBP-1S had stronger activity than XBP-1U. The maximal effects of XBP-1S and XBP-1U on ERalpha transactivation were observed when they were co-expressed with full-length ERalpha. SRC-1, the p160 steroid receptor coactivator family member, synergized with XBP-1S or XBP-1U to potentiate ERalpha activity. XBP-1S and XBP-1U bound to the ERalpha both in vitro and in vivo in a ligand-independent fashion. XBP-1S and XBP-1U interacted with the ERalpha region containing the DNA-binding domain. The ERalpha-interacting regions on XBP-1S and XBP-1U have been mapped to two regions, including the N-terminal basic region leucine zipper domain (bZIP) and the C-terminal activation domain. The bZIP-deleted mutants of XBP-1S and XBP-1U completely abolished ERalpha transactivation by XBP-1S and XBP-1U. These findings suggest that XBP-1S and XBP-1U may directly modulate ERalpha signaling in both the absence and presence of estrogen and, therefore, may play important roles in the proliferation of normal and malignant estrogen-regulated tissues.
Determination of metal salts in the presence of mineral acids by a combination of turbidimetric and catalytic thermometric titrimetry (1984)

Water-soluble salts of copper(II), nickel, chromium(III), iron(III), aluminium, cobalt, manganese(II), cadmium, zinc and lead(II) are determined titrimetrically in amounts down to 0.1 mequiv. in the presence and absence of hydrochloric, nitric and sulphuric acids. Ammonium salts are determined in the absence of free acids. When the mixture of metal salt and acid is titrated with aqueous potassium hydroxide, the end-point corresponding to the neutralisation of the free acid is determined by the onset of turbidity caused by precipitation of the hydroxide of the metal by the first excess of titrant. The titration is continued, and when all of the metal hydroxide is precipitated the final excess of titrant initiates the thermometric indicator reaction. The thermometric indicator, acetaldehyde, is diluted 1 + 1 with water to ensure solubility of the metal salts.The method has been used to analyse four representative electroplating solutions for free acid and total metal content, the free acids being boric, acetic, succinic and glycollic acids.
A simple biplanar method of measuring femoral anteversion and neck-shaft angle. (1979)

A simple biplanar roentgenographic technique for measurement of femoral anteversion and neck-shaft angle is described in which no special equipment is required. An anteroposterior roentgenogram of the pelvis and the femoral neck is made with the hip in neutral rotation. The true lateral roentgenogram is made with the patient's limb in a lateral position with the hip and knee flexed and with the entire lateral aspect of the leg in contact with the top of the table. Projected cervicofemoral angulations are measured on the roentgenograms. The method is described to determine the true angles by dynamically illustrating the projected angles. Graphs have been prepared with which one can readily determine the anteversion and neck-shaft angles once the projected cervicofemoral angulations have been measured.
Chromium Speciation in Rainwater:  Temporal Variability and Atmospheric Deposition (2002)

The concentrations of the various chromium species were determined in 89 rainwater samples collected in Wilmington, NC, from October 1, 1999, to December 31, 2001. Volume-weighted annual average concentrations of Cr(total), particulate Cr, Cr(III)(aq), and Cr(VI)(aq) were 4.6, 2.2, 0.8, and 1.2 nM, respectively. There was distinct seasonal and diurnal variability in the concentrations of the various chromium species. Chromium emissions to the global atmosphere by both natural and anthropogenic sources are estimated to be 2.2 x 10(9) mol/yr. Using our rainwater concentration data along with other published rainwater Cr concentrations and an estimate for total global annual rain, the total global flux of chromium removed from the atmosphere via wet deposition is 2.1 x 10(9) mol/yr. This represents complete removal of Cr and indicates that essentially all chromium released into the global atmosphere is removed via rain. About half this chromium is dissolved with roughly equal concentrations of toxic Cr(VI) and relatively harmless Cr(III) species.
Individual Animal Identification using Visual Biometrics on Deformable Coat Patterns (2019)

In this paper we propose and evaluate an approach to the so far unsolved problem of robust _individual_ identification of patterned animals based on video filmed in widely unconstrained, natural habitats. Experimental results are presented for a prototype system trained on African penguins operating in a real-world animal colony of thousands. The system exploits the individuality of Turing-like camouflage patterns as identity cues since, for a wide range of species, these contain highly unique and compact distributions of phase singularities. The key problem solved in this paper is a distortion robust detection and individual comparison of non-linearly _deforming_ animals. We address the problem using a coarse-to-fine methodology that task-specifically extends and combines vision techniques in a three-stage approach: 1) Using a recently suggested integration of multiple instances of appearance detectors (Viola-Jones) and sparse feature trackers (Lucas-Kanade), a coarse, robust real-time detection of animals in appropriate poses is achieved. 2) An estimation of the 3D-deformed pose is derived by a fast, guided search on a precalculated pose-configuration model, we refer to as _Feature Prediction Tree_, which is learned off-line based on an animated, deformable 3D species-model. The estimate is refined using bundle adjustment posing a polygonal model into the scene. Following, a back-projection of the visible animal surface yields a normalised 2D texture map. 3) An extended variant of _Shape Context_ descriptors (built from filter-extracted phase singularities of characteristic texture areas) are employed as biometric templates. Finally, a distortion-robust identification is achieved by solving associated bipartite graph matching tasks for pairs of these descriptors.
[ATP-dependent citrate lyase in the green phototrophic bacterium, Chlorobium limicola]. (1980)

Cell-free extracts of the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium limicola forma thiosulfatophilum, strains 1C and L, grown autotrophically and in media with organic substances were shown to cleave citrate with the formation of oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA only when ATP, CoA and Mg2+ were added. These results suggest that C. limicola f. thiosulfatophilum produces ATP-linked citrate lyase (E. C. 4.1.3.8) which may play an important role in the carbon metabolism of this bacterium.
Foraging success of biological Lévy flights recorded in situ (2012)

It is an open question how animals find food in dynamic natural environments where they possess little or no knowledge of where resources are located. Foraging theory predicts that in environments with sparsely distributed target resources, where forager knowledge about resources' locations is incomplete, Lévy flight movements optimize the success of random searches. However, the putative success of Lévy foraging has been demonstrated only in model simulations. Here, we use high-temporal-resolution Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking of wandering (Diomedea exulans) and black-browed albatrosses (Thalassarche melanophrys) with simultaneous recording of prey captures, to show that both species exhibit Lévy and Brownian movement patterns. We find that total prey masses captured by wandering albatrosses during Lévy movements exceed daily energy requirements by nearly fourfold, and approached yields by Brownian movements in other habitats. These results, together with our reanalysis of previously published albatross data, overturn the notion that albatrosses do not exhibit Lévy patterns during foraging, and demonstrate that Lévy flights of predators in dynamic natural environments present a beneficial alternative strategy to simple, spatially intensive behaviors. Our findings add support to the possibility that biological Lévy flight may have naturally evolved as a search strategy in response to sparse resources and scant information.
Genetic control of fatty acid biosynthesis in rapeseed (<i>Brassica napus L.</i>) (1964)

Abstract Isolation of rapeseed plants containing no erucic acid in their seed oil gave simultaneous selection for low eicosenoic acid. Genetic analy‐sis of populations segregating for erucic acid content indicated that the synthesis of these fatty acids was controlled, in the developing embryo, by two genes which displayed no domi‐nance and acted in an additive manner. As the genetic capacity for erucic acid synthesis de‐creased, there was an increase in percentage of oleic acid with no corresponding decrease in total oil content. The percentage of eicosenoic acid re‐mained relatively constant with decreasing erucic acid except in the zero erucic acid genotype where only 1% eicosenoic was detected instead of approx 12%. These observations were in‐terpreted to mean that eicosenoic and erucic acids were formed by a genetically controlled carbon chain lengthening system operating by the addi‐tion of acetate molecules to the carboxyl end of oleic acid. This hypothesis was supported by data obtained from the injection of radioactive sodium acetate into immature rapeseed pods. In the monoene fraction of the oil, eicosenoate had three times the specific activity of oleate and erucate had twice the activity of eicosenoate. On oxidation, the monocarboxylic fragments of these three acids had low and similar specific activities while in the dicarboxylic acids, where chain elongation has presumably taken place, activity increased in the ratio of 1:5:19.
Model updating by adding known masses (2001)

Abstract New approaches are developed that use measured data to adjust the analytical mass and stiffness matrices of a system so that the agreement between the analytical modes of vibration and the modal survey is improved. By adding known masses to the structure of interest, measuring the modes of vibration of this mass‐modified system, and finally using this set of new data in conjunction with the initial modal survey, the analytical mass matrix of the structure can be corrected, after which the analytical stiffness matrix can be readily updated. By manipulating the correction matrices into vector forms, the connectivity information can be enforced, thereby preserving the physical configuration of the system and reducing the sizes of the least‐squares problems that need to be solved. Solution techniques for updating the system matrices are introduced, and the numerical issues associated with solving overdetermined and underdetermined least squares problems are investigated. The effects of round‐off errors are also studied, and heuristic criteria are given for determining the minimum number of modes that need to be measured in order to ensure sufficiently accurate updated mass and stiffness matrices. Numerical experiments are presented to validate the proposed model‐updating techniques, to illustrate the effects of the number of measured modes on the quality of the updated model, to show how the magnitudes and locations of the added masses influence the updated matrices, and to highlight the numerical issues discussed in this paper. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficacy Measurement of Topical Antihistamines (2003)

More and more antihistamines are used in gels or ointments for local antipruritic therapy. Among other factors, the efficacy is dependent on the penetration properties of the respective agents and the optimal choice of vehicle substances. To avoid expensive treatment with unsatisfying success, a reliable efficacy measurement would be desirable prior to the admission of new topical antihistamine preparations. Therefore we reviewed the literature for common methods to assess the efficacy of local antihistamines in healthy volunteers. The principle is to apply the test substance to marked test areas and to challenge the skin after a certain time with a standardised amount of histamine, allergens or mast-cell-degranulating substances. For the test evaluation, the areas of wheal, flare and itch are measured and compared between antihistamine-treated and control fields. Challenge models and most of the described evaluation methods are suited for the preliminary efficacy measurement of antihistamines. However, to be able to compare the results, a standardised procedure used by all investigators would be desirable.
Scaling-Up of Natural Products Isolation (2012)

Scaling-up is a way of increasing the quantity without losing the quality. The scaling-up is not always straightforward as the yield of the target compound becomes more important. The factors that influence scaling-up in a medium scale are outlined in this chapter. An example of a scale-up is also provided to illustrate some of the principles.
CHAOS IN CRYPTOGRAPHY: THE ESCAPE FROM THE STRANGE ATTRACTOR (1992)

Modern cryptography has a voracious appetite for reproducible sequences of large numbers that possess random characteristics. Because a cipher system is vulnerable to attack if cryptanalysts can successfully guess the nature of its underlying pseudorandom number generators, it is helpful for cryptographers to have a large repertoire of them. Chaos theory provides many formulations that can be used as random generators. This paper describes one of these, the Lorenz attractor. The chaotic nature of the Lorenz system of equations makes it a good candidate for pseudo-random number generation. However, to ensure that its sequences are not serially autocorrelated, they must be modified so that the particle can escape from the field of the strange attractor. The modified system produces extremely long sequences with good random properties. The generating algorithm is fast and efficient. Significantly, several components are needed to specify the starting point, which increases resistance to cryptanalysis and admits a number of key management and authentication protocols.
Group Theoretical Approach to the Coherent and the Squeeze States of a Time-Dependent Harmonic Oscillator with a Singular Term (1995)

For a time-dependent harmonic oscillator with an inverse squared singular term, we find the generalized invariant using the Lie algebra of $SU(2)$ and construct the number-type eigenstates and the coherent states using the spectrum-generating Lie algebra of $SU(1,1)$. We obtain the evolution operator in both of the Lie algebras. The number-type eigenstates and the coherent states are constructed group-theoretically for both the time-independent and the time-dependent harmonic oscillators with the singular term. It is shown that the squeeze operator transforms unitarily the time-dependent basis of the spectrum-generating Lie algebra of $SU(1,1)$ for the generalized invariant, and thereby evolves the initial vacuum into a final coherent vacuum.
Column-Oriented Databases, an Alternative for Analytical Environment (2010)

It is widely accepted that a data warehouse is the central place of a Business Intelligence system. It stores all data that is relevant for the company, data that is acquired both from internal and external sources. Such a repository stores data from more years than a transactional system can do, and offer valuable information to its users to make the best decisions, based on accurate and reliable data. As the volume of data stored in an enterprise data warehouse becomes larger and larger, new approaches are needed to make the analytical system more efficient. This paper presents column-oriented databases, which are considered an element of the new generation of DBMS technology. The paper emphasizes the need and the advantages of these databases for an analytical environment and make a short presentation of two of the DBMS built in a columnar approach.
Partial characterization and plasmid linkage of a non‐proteinaceous antimicrobial compound in a<i>Lactobacillus casei</i>strain of vegetable origin (1999)

Lactobacillus casei IMPC LC34 of vegetable origin produces a non-proteinaceous inhibitory compound with a broad spectrum of activity towards Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including pathogens. The active substance, mainly produced in the stationary phase of growth, is insensitive to proteolytic enzymes, lipase and catalase, and is stable at 121 degrees C for 30 min. The inhibitory activity was detected either at 8 degrees C or at 37 degrees C. The active compound does not contain glucidic groups, is inactivated by Na-metaperiodate, and its molecular mass is between 2000 and 5000 Da. Plasmid curing experiments showed that both antimicrobial compound immunity and production determinants were encoded by an 8.8 kbp plasmid. The effectiveness of the active agent was verified on ready-to-use vegetables, using either the Lact. casei strain or its culture supernatant fluid as inoculant, compared with cured clone. The application potential of the Lact. casei strain or its culture supernatant fluid for assuring the microbiological safety of ready-to-use vegetables is discussed.
Graphene-based single fiber supercapacitor with a coaxial structure (2015)

A novel all graphene coaxial fiber supercapacitor (GCS) was fabricated, consisting of a continuously wet-spun core graphene fiber and facilely dip-coated graphene sheath. GCS is flexible, lightweight and strong, and is also accompanied by a high specific capacitance of 205 mF cm(-2) (182 F g(-1)) and high energy density of 17.5 μW h cm(-2) (15.5 W h kg(-1)). The energy density was further improved to 104 μW h cm(-2), when an organic ion liquid electrolyte was used.
Interactions of surfactants with lipid membranes (2008)

Surfactants are surface-active, amphiphilic compounds that are water-soluble in the micro- to millimolar range, and self-assemble to form micelles or other aggregates above a critical concentration. This definition comprises synthetic detergents as well as amphiphilic peptides and lipopeptides, bile salts and many other compounds. This paper reviews the biophysics of the interactions of surfactants with membranes of insoluble, naturally occurring lipids. It discusses structural, thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of membrane-water partitioning, changes in membrane properties induced by surfactants, membrane solubilisation to micelles and other phases formed by lipid-surfactant systems. Each section defines and derives key parameters, mentions experimental methods for their measurement and compiles and discusses published data. Additionally, a brief overview is given of surfactant-like effects in biological systems, technical applications of surfactants that involve membrane interactions, and surfactant-based protocols to study biological membranes.
An Energy-Efficient High-Swing PAM-4 Voltage-Mode Transmitter (2018)

As the data rate of high-speed I/Os continues to increase, fourlevel pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) is adopted to improve the bandwidth density and link margin at 50 Gb/s and beyond. Compared to non-return-to-zero (NRZ) signaling, however, the PAM-4 eye height is reduced, which calls for larger transmitter swing to maintain signal-to-noise-ratio. A new energy-efficient transmitter is proposed to generate large swing PAM-4 signals with a cascode voltage-mode driver and supporting pre-drivers and logic circuits. By reconfiguring the pull-up and pull-down branches based on the transmit data and steering the bypass currents, the proposed voltage-mode driver significantly reduces power consumption compared to conventional implementation while maintaining impedance matching. Voltage stacking technique is adopted for pre-drivers to further improve energy efficiency. To demonstrate the new transmitter design, a prototype 56 Gb/s PAM-4 transmitter is designed using a generic 28-nm CMOS technology with a 2-V power supply voltage. It achieves a overall output swing of 2 V and a minimum eye height of 490 mV with good linearity (98.7% level separation mismatch ratio). Compared to a conventional voltage-mode transmitter design with the same swing, the static power consumption of the new transmitter is reduced almost by half (from 30 mW to 16 mW), and its overall energy efficiency improves from 0.7 pJ/b to 0.5 pJ/b.
Urban Dictionary : Fularious Street Slang Defined (2005)

Urbandictionary.com is a very successful site that encourages users to define the world with their own unique terms. In Urban Dictionary, site founder Aaron Peckham culls his more than 170,000 definitions for the funniest, wittiest, and most provocative phrases that define the modern slang scene. Within urbandictionary.com's lively lexicon are: business provocative - Attire used to provoke sexual attention in the workplace. compunicate - To chat with someone in the same room via instant messaging service instead of in person. dandruff - A person who 'flakes out' and ditches their friends. wingman - A guy who takes one for the team by hooking up with a hot girl's ugly friend so his own friend can hook up with the hot girl. Perfect for those who want to pick up some new slang and those who want to translate it, URBAN DICTIONARY is a gritty and witty look at our ever-changing language.