gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new method for PAPR reduction in MIMO-OFDM system (2009)

In order to reduce peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and make the best use of multiple antennas and the unused carriers of MIMO-OFDM system, this paper presents a new method which combines the algorithms of subblock successive rotation (SSR) and rones reservation (TR) and can reduce PAPR. Simulation results show the effectiveness of this method. Compared with successive suboptimal CARI (SS-CARI), this method has a similar performance; besides, it needs less side information (SI).
Inhibition of phosphatidylcholine synthesis via the phosphatidylethanolamine methylation pathway impairs incorporation of bulk lipids into VLDL in cultured rat hepatocytes (2002)

Inhibition of phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis via the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) methylation pathway was shown to decrease the secretion of VLDL from primary rat hepatocytes (Nishimaki-Mogami et al. 1996. BIOCHIM: Biophys. Acta. 1304: 21-31). To understand further the role of PE methylation, we determined the effect of bezafibrate, an inhibitor of PE methylation, on VLDL assembly within the microsomal lumen. Bezafibrate was shown to decrease VLDL (triacylglycerol) secretion only when cellular PE methylation was active in the presence of methionine. Pulse-chase experiments showed that bezafibrate treatment did not impair the movement of [(35)S]apolipoprotein (apo)B-48 from microsomal membranes into the lumen. However, bezafibrate treatment resulted in reduced VLDL-[(35)S]apoB-48 and increased [(35)S]apoB-48-containing particles in the HDL density range (HDL-[(35)S]apoB-48) within the lumen. Inhibition of PE methylation by bezafibrate or 3-deazaadenosine after the completion of HDL-[(35)S]apoB-48 assembly effectively decreased VLDL-[(35)S]apoB-48 secretion with a concomitant increase in HDL-[(35)S]apoB-48 secretion. These findings suggest that inhibition of PC synthesis via the PE methylation pathway impairs the stage of bulk triacylglycerol incorporation during the assembly of VLDL.
Advances in the Control of Dissolved and Colloidal Substances Present in Papermaking Processes: A Brief Review (2012)

In the production of paper, especially when using mechanical pulp or recovered wood-containing paper, a large amount of dissolved and colloidal substances (DCS), mainly composed of hemicelluloses, extractives, lignans, and lignin-related substances, are released from the pulp and dissolved or dispersed into the process water. The accumulation of DCS during the papermaking operations due to the closure of process water systems gives rise to various detrimental impacts on the papermaking process and the resulting paper products. Thus it is indispensible to remove or control the DCS in order to overcome or alleviate their negative influences. This review emphasizes recent advances in control of DCS by physical, chemical, and biological methods. The widely used fixatives such as aluminum sulfate, poly-(aluminum chloride), polyamines, polyvinyl amine, and highly cationic starch, as well as their functional effectiveness, mechanism, influencing factors, and influences on paper products are considered. Simultaneously, biological treatments including fungal treatment and enzymatic treatments with lipase, pectinase, laccase, and immobilized enzymes, are also assessed in detail. DCS control has been an important way to improve the runnability of paper machines and the quality of wood-containing paper and recycled paper products. Advances in DCS control are likely to create additional benefits to the papermaking industry in the coming years.
Designed Synthesis of Au/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@C Janus Nanoparticles for Dual‐Modal Imaging and Actively Targeted Chemo‐Photothermal Synergistic Therapy of Cancer Cells (2017)

Elaborately designed novel multifunctional Janus nanoparticles (JNPs) have attracted considerable attention owing to their anisotropic surface properties and various functionalities that allow them to house several components for the detection and targeting of cancer cells. In this work, we report a novel and facile approach to synthesize Au/Fe<sub>3</sub> O<sub>4</sub> @C JNPs, which were further selectively functionalized with amino-poly(ethylene glycol)thiol (NH<sub>2</sub> -PEG-SH) and folic acid (FA) on the exposed Au domains to achieve high contrast for X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging, excellent stability, good biocompatibility, as well as cancer cell-specific targeting. Meanwhile, the other Fe<sub>3</sub> O<sub>4</sub> @C sides with mesoporous structure served as a drug delivery vehicle for doxorubicin (DOX), an efficient photothermal therapy (PTT) agent, and a magnetic resonance (MR) imaging contrast agent. Taking these features together, these unique multifunctional JNPs provide an intriguing nanoplatform for dual-modal CT and MR imaging-guided actively targeted chemo-photothermal synergistic cancer therapy.
Nonlinear image processing by a rotating kernel transformation (1990)

We present a new method for nonlinear image processing that is well suited for hybrid optical–electronic implementation. An input image is convolved with a long, narrow two-dimensional kernel that is rotated, either continuously or discretely, through 360 deg. During rotation the convolution output is monitored, and the maximum and minimum values measured at each point are stored. The processed image is given by an application-dependent function of Max(x, y) and Min(x, y). Setting the output equal to [Max(x, y) − Min(x, y)] enhances straight-line features in noisy, low-contrast images. Better results can be obtained by cascading a Max and a [Max − Min] operation. Numerically calculated examples illustrate the method and compare it with linear filtering.
Isolation of Bacterial Ribosomes with Monolith Chromatography (2011)

We report the development of a rapid chromatographic method for the isolation of bacterial ribosomes from crude cell lysates in less than ten minutes. Our separation is based on the use of strong anion exchange monolithic columns. Using a simple stepwise elution program we were able to purify ribosomes whose composition is comparable to those isolated by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation, as confirmed by quantitative proteomic analysis (iTRAQ). The speed and simplicity of this approach could accelerate the study of many different aspects of ribosomal biology.
Design and simulation of flexure-based planar force/torque sensor (2010)

This paper presents the design of a flexure-based planar force/torque sensor. The sensor is built as a monolithic structure with flexure components and strain gauges. The strains on the flexure components caused by loads will be sensed by the strain gauges and will be used to calculate the appropriate loads. This paper also presented the studies on the sensibility and the appropriate positions for bonding strain gauges.
Improving processor utilization with a task classification model based application specific hard real-time architecture (2002)

Modern microprocessors with caches and pipelines show increasing performance, but at the price of a decreasing predictability of execution times. The design of hard real time systems however has to be based on worst case considerations. Consequently, real-time systems are generally oversized and fail to profit of developments in the standard processor field. This paper presents an approach where real-time systems are analyzed and built according to a task classification model. Each class of tasks corresponds to a type of processor best suited in terms of performance and deterministic execution times. The resulting target architecture framework is a tightly coupled heterogeneous multiprocessor system based on templates using off-the-shelf components. The described real-time system design process includes a schedulability analysis method that supports the partitioning and allocation process and provides the necessary real-time guarantees. The result is a event-driven hard real-time system with improved processor utilization that will provably meet all its deadlines. A rapid prototyping platform implementing this concept is presented as well as application examples.
Interaction of  H 2 O  with Si(111) and (100): Critical Conditions for the Growth of (1984)

The reactions of with the clean Si(111) and (100) surfaces have been studied at high temperatures (890°–1350°C) for pressures between . The critical conditions involving pressure and substrate temperature which are necessary for the growth of have been determined, and are consistent with a thermodynamic model modified to include effects due to dissociation and desorption. In addition to clean (active) and (passive) surface regions, an intermediate region is observed and is proposed to be related to a thin, nonpassivating film on the Si surface.
Account of the Flat Roof of the Cotton Mill of Messrs. M'Crum, Leppers & Co. Belfst ; and of the Composition Used in Constructing It, and Other Roofs, Vallies, and Gutters in This Vicinity (1810)

J. W. B., Account of the Flat Roof of the Cotton Mill of Messrs. M'Crum, Leppers & Co. Belfst ; and of the Composition Used in Constructing It, and Other Roofs, Vallies, and Gutters in This Vicinity, The Belfast Monthly Magazine, Vol. 4, No. 19 (Feb. 28, 1810), pp. 133-135
Fatty Acid Synthetase of <i>Spinacia oleracea</i> Leaves (1982)

The molecular organization of fatty acid synthetase system in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. var. Viroflay) leaves was examined by a procedure similar to that employed for the safflower system (Carthamus tinctorius var. UC-1). The crude extract contained all the component activities (acetyl-CoA:ACP transacylase, malonyl-CoA:ACP transacylase, beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthetase, beta-ketoacyl-ACP reductase, beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydrase, and enoyl-ACP reductase [I]) involved in the synthesis of fatty acids, but enoyl-ACP reductase (II) present in safflower seeds extract could not be detected spectrophotometrically. By polyethylene glycol fractionation followed by several chromatographic procedures, i.e. Sephadex G-200, hydroxyapatite, and blue-agarose, the component enzymes were clearly separated from one another. Properties of beta-ketoacyl-ACP reductase, beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydrase, and enoyl-ACP reductase (I) from spinach were compared with the same enzymes in safflower seeds and Escherichia coli.From these results, it was concluded that the fatty acid synthetase system of spinach leaves, as well as that of safflower seeds, was nonassociated and similar to the Escherichia coli system.
Design of Trusted BIOS in UEFI Base on USBKEY (2011)

To further enhance the safety of BIOS, this paper present a new trust BIOS verified and self-recovery model with USBKEY in Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI). This model established a trust chain from the first stage of UEFI to the operating system by analyzing the process of UEFI startup. Thus the model narrowed the scope of the root of trust and substantially improved the safety of the BIOS. With the popularity of UEFI, this model has a good prospect in achieving security on computer system.
Floral Dip: <i>Agrobacterium</I>-Mediated Germ Line Transformation (2004)

Many researchers use the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana to study gene function and basic plant biology. This easy-to-grow, small plant is ideal for genetic studies as it has a relatively simple genome compared to crop plants and its genetic material has been recently sequenced. Another very useful feature of Arabidopsis is that it is extremely simple to transform genetically. The ability to insert genes of interest stably into a given plant is essential to understand and verify gene function. Transformation is also a means of introducing specific traits that are difficult or impossible to introduce by conventional breeding techniques. This chapter provides detailed explanations on the floral dip protocol, a simple method to transform Arabidopsis by inoculating immature flowers with Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
Face model adaptation with active tracking (2003)

A system for face model adaptation combining active tracking is presented. Input from an active camera is used for MPEG4 model based coding. First, the background is compensated considering a moving camera (tilt or pan). Second, the talking face is segmented from the compensated background using fusion of frame differences. A morphological filter is then applied to make the system less sensitive to noise. Third, Hough transform and deformable template coupled with color information are exploited to detect the facial features, e.g., eyes, mouth. Fourth, a wireframe model is adapted to the extracted face by an extended dynamic mesh. The feasibility of the proposed system is demonstrated using several real active video sequences.
Detection of DNA adducts in N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorenetreated human fibroblasts by means of immunofluorescence microscopy and quantitative immunoautoradiography (1985)

An immunohistochemical procedure was developed for the detection of adducts in DNA of cultured cells exposed to N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-AcO-AAF) with the use of antibodies raised in rabbits against N-(guanosin-8-yl)-2-acetyl-aminofluorene (Guo-8-AAF) conjugated to bovine serum albumin. Binding of these antibodies to the nuclear DNA was visualized by means of immunofluorescence microscopy with fluorescein-conjugated anti-rabbit-Ig antibodies, or by means of immunoautoradiography with 125I-labeled protein A. The dose-response curve obtained when the number of autoradiographic grains developed over the nuclei was plotted as a function of the concentration of N-AcO-AAF used to treat the cells, indicated that the extent of specific antibody-binding is determined by the amount of adducts in the cells. DNA modification levels allowing for 20% survival of the cells could be detected with the immunofluorescence technique, while cells exposed to concentrations of N-AcO-AAF resulting in 60% survival were still positive with the immunoautoradiographic method.
Reliability of computer image analysis of pigmented skin lesions of Australian adolescents (1996)

These results, in combination with previous work demonstrating the reasonable ability of this computer imaging system to discriminate between malignant melanomas and other pigmented lesions, indicates that the system has the potential to become a useful tool for clinicians in following people with pigmented lesions over time to detect early malignant changes.
Design of 1553B Bus Testing and Simulating System (2013)

With the appearance of different manufacturers and types of 1553B bus devices, the problem of the lack of real-time analysis and evaluation of effective tools for bus test method becomes severe. So a set of general configurable and flexible testing and simulating verification system for 1553B bus. In this thesis, a set of real-time hardware and software systems solution is proposed, a novel mechanism of inject fault testing and detect fault is adopted. Besides, the proposed system could receive good performance in practical applications.
Large signal models for oscillator design (2002)

Large signal models needed for fast time domain modelling of oscillator circuits are considered. The models are based on harmonic linearization and derived for conventional time domain simulators. The paper describes the techniques for the use of first harmonic of driving signal only. The model consists of three coupled parts: DC, real, and imaginary subcircuits. Building of those subcircuits for exponential non-linearity is simple and could be recommended as basic for other nonlinearities. Several modelling experiments with oscillator circuits are reviewed.
Passive reflector to reduce fading due to angle‐of‐arrival variation on microwave links (1992)

Abstract A passive reflector is used as a simple repeater system to connect transmission and reception points with no direct line of sight. When the wavelength is short and the reflector has a large structure, the radiation characteristics of the reflector exhibit sharp variations. A phenomenon such as fading is introduced when the direction of the wave incident on the reflector is bent due to a change of the atmospheric refractive index or the angle of arrival varies due to the vibration of reflector by wind pressure. This paper proposes a reflector structure which is made from element reflectors whose positions are displaced slightly and the depth of nulls in the radiation pattern appearing in horizontal and vertical planes can be reduced. Moreover, the radiation pattern of the proposed structure and its relationship with the position of element reflectors and the reflector gain are clarified. The experiments were performed at the reflector repeater stations where the received electric field fluctuations occurred quite frequently and the wave bending was confirmed by the measured field fluctuations. Moreover, by making the reflector structure as proposed here, the field fluctuation width may be suppressed and the validity of this method is demonstrated.
Arma modeling applied to linear prediction of speech (2005)

Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) models present two problems in practice: (1) choice of the orders p and q of the AR and MA components respectively, and (2) estimation of the coefficients. Recently a new method of order selection or modeling of ARMA processes has been introduced by H. L. Gray and others in a yet unpublished paper "A New Approach to ARMA Modeling". In this paper we apply Gray's ARMA order selection method to a segment of voiced speech and compare the results to the models suggested by Akaike's Cannonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) and Information Criterion (AIC).
A New Wildcard Search Method for Digital Dictionary Based on Mobile Platform (2006)

This paper implements a digital dictionary system on the mobile platform and proposes a novel algorithm for the wildcard search problem. Our approach, which is based on the advanced trie tree, performs the wildcard search process in a cut-branch operation, which will reduce the search range largely. Thus, the efficiency of the algorithm is increased radically. In addition, compared with normal trie tree, the advanced one, which includes the fuzzy pointer field, makes it possible that the no-head wildcard search can be processed efficiently without linearly scanning all the word entries in the dictionary. At last, the new algorithm is easy to be implemented and experimental results show high robustness and efficiency on the mobile platform.
Enter the virus (2001)

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Single virus particles can be seen infecting cells.

Brauchle/AAAS

Single-molecule imaging has enabled Christoph Brauchle, Michael Hallek (Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Germany), and colleagues to track the infection pathway of adeno-associated virus (AAV) as it enters
Intractability of Optimal Multi-Robot Path Planning on Planar Graphs (2015)

We study the computational complexity of optimally solving multi-robot path planning problems on planar graphs. For four common time- and distance-based objectives, we show that the associated path optimization problems for multiple robots are all NP-complete, even when the underlying graph is planar. Establishing the computational intractability of optimal multi-robot path planning problems on planar graphs has important practical implications. In particular, our result suggests the preferred approach toward solving such problems, when the number of robots is large, is to augment the planar environment to reduce the sharing of paths among robots traveling in opposite directions on those paths. Indeed, such efficiency boosting structures, such as highways and elevated intersections, are ubiquitous in robotics and transportation applications.
The pentose phosphate pathway in Trypanosoma cruzi: a potential target for the chemotherapy of Chagas disease (2007)

Trypanosoma cruzi is highly sensitive to oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species. Trypanothione, the parasite's major protection against oxidative stress, is kept reduced by trypanothione reductase, using NADPH; the major source of the reduced coenzyme seems to be the pentose phosphate pathway. Its seven enzymes are present in the four major stages in the parasite's biological cycle; we have cloned and expressed them in Escherichia coli as active proteins. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, which controls glucose flux through the pathway by its response to the NADP/NADPH ratio, is encoded by a number of genes per haploid genome, and is induced up to 46-fold by hydrogen peroxide in metacyclic trypomastigotes. The genes encoding 6-phosphogluconolactonase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, transaldolase and transketolase are present in the CL Brener clone as a single copy per haploid genome. 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase is very unstable, but was stabilized introducing two salt bridges by site-directed mutagenesis. Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase belongs to Type B; genes encoding Type A enzymes, present in mammals, are absent. Ribulose-5-phosphate epimerase is encoded by two genes. The enzymes of the pathway have a major cytosolic component, although several of them have a secondary glycosomal localization, and also minor localizations in other organelles.
Developments in pharmacotherapy for tobacco dependence: past, present and future (2006)

In the mid-1970s there were no effective pharmacological treatments for tobacco dependence. The invention of nicotine gum was a major treatment advance and also greatly helped our understanding of the nature of tobacco dependence. There are now eight effective pharmacotherapies (nicotine gum, patch, nasal spray, inhaler, lozenge/tablet, bupropion, nortriptyline and clonidine) available to aid smoking cessation. Other non-nicotine agents that show promise are under investigation, including glucose, rimonabant, selegiline and varenicline. Greater knowledge of the mechanisms of action of the effective non-nicotine agents should lead to better understanding of the nature of tobacco dependence. Future research into optimal treatments should examine long-term combination pharmacotherapy combined with improved psychosocial support that is partly designed to enhance medication compliance. In addition, there is a need for studies designed to evaluate the efficacy of pharmacotherapies in populations such as youth, pregnant smokers and smokers with co-occurring mental health problems.
Extracellular matrix dynamics in heart failure: A prospect for gene therapy (1998)

In chronic congestive heart failure, an illness affecting more than 4 million Americans, there is impairment of myocardial extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Failing human ventricular myocardium contains activated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are involved in adverse ECM remodeling. Our studies support the concept that impaired ECM remodeling and MMP activation are, in part, responsible for the cardiac structural deformation and heart failure. There is no known program that has declared its aim the investigation of the role of ECM gene therapy in heart failure. The development of transgenic technology, and emerging techniques for in vivo gene transfer, suggest a strategy for improving cardiac function by overexpressing or downregulation of the ECM components such as MMPs, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β), decorin, and collagen in cardiomyopathy and heart failure. J. Cell. Biochem. 68:403–410, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Microwave Correlator (1953)

A method is presented for the measurement of auto- or cross-correlation functions of wide-band uhf signals. A novel method of frequency translation is used to obtain a transformation of the spectrum into a more convenient form for computation. This method involves the generation of a line spectrum of local oscillator frequencies throughout the bandwidth of the signal, and subsequent summing of the frequency differences into a narrower band of video signals containing all the coffelative characteristics of the original signal. A theoretical analysis of the operation is presented along with experimental results obtained with this correlator on a 200-mc bandwidth noise signal centered at 1.1 kmc.