gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pressing a Range of Wools in Instrumented Minimum Volume Presses (1988)

Two instrumented presses are described in which eleven different types of wool, including coarse and fine fleeces and offsorts, were compressed to their minimum total volumes using a heat, press, out-of-press cool sequence. The final volume was the actual volume of all components with air excluded. Extrusion of grease and dirt during pressing resulted in higher yield products of lower weight and in-press densities over 1300 kg/m 3 . Frictional forces and transverse/in-line pressure ratios were deduced from side- and end-pressure measurements at 90°C and at 20°C for each of the two stages of biaxial pressing of these wools at final pressures of 3.1, 7.8, and 12.6 MPa. Densities of the compressed wools were monitored over a nine month storage period unrestrained under ambient conditions, and remained close to 1000 kg/m 3 for those produced at the higher pressures.
An Introduction to Plant Breeding (2008)

1 Introduction. 2 Modes of reproduction and types of cultivar. 3 Breeding objectives. 4 Breeding schemes. 5 Genetics and plant breeding. 6 Predictions. 7 Selection.8 Alternative techniques in plant breeding. 9 Some Practical considerations. Index.
Effects of total glucosides of paeony and moutan cortex on the fonctions of pineal gland in inflammatory-immune regulation in rats (1994)

Effects of total glucosides of paeonytTGP) and total glucosides of moutan cortex (TGM)on the function of pineal gland in inflammatoryimmunoregulation in rats were studied by means ofindirect pinealectomy [propranolol (Pro),superiorcervical ganghonectomy [SCGX)] and directpinealectomy (PX).In normal rats,concanavalin A(Con Aj and hpopolysaccharide (LPS)-inducedproliferation of lymphocytes and Con Ainducedinterleukin 2 (IL2) production of splenocytes were inhibited by Pro and SCGX respectively. Con A andLPSinduced proliferation of splenocytes wassignificantly suppressed by PX in both normal andadluvant arthntis (AA) rats.PX of normal rats coulddecrease IL-1 production which was increased furtherin PX AA rats.Melatonin (10μg·kg-1·d-1 ip), TGP(50 mg·kg-1·d -1 ig).and TGM(10 mg·kg-1·d -1.ig)administrated once a day at 1600 could antagonizethe immune changes caused by PX.These suggestthat melatonin is an important inflammatoryiminunoregulatory agent. the effects of TGP and TGMon inflammatoryimmunoregualtory activity could bemediated by pineal gland.
Rift Valley Fever Virus: Some Ultrastructural Observations on Material from the Outbreak in Egypt 1977 (1979)

Rift Valley fever virus isolates from the 1977 outbreak in Egypt were studied at an ultrastructural level. The particles measured 90 to 110 nm in diam. using negative staining and sectioning techniques, with a core component of 80 to 85 nm. The surface of the virions was calculated to be covered by approx. 160 sub-units. The particles were found in smooth endoplasmic reticular systems, which were made up of either multi-tubular complexes, or of a single large vacuole. The majority of these membrane systems were found to be unassociated with Golgi apparatus. Inclusion bodies were found within the host cell nuclei (made up of rods and fine granules) and in the cytoplasm (aggregates of fine or coarse granules). The possible relationship of these structures to virus replication is discussed.
Iris Center Corneal Reflection Method for Gaze Tracking Using Visible Light (2010)

Very few attempts, if any, have been made to use visible light in corneal reflection approaches to the problem of gaze tracking. The reasons usually given to justify the limited application of this type of illumination are that the required image features are less accurately depicted, and that visible light may disturb the user. The aim of this paper is to show that it is possible to overcome these difficulties and build an accurate and robust gaze tracker under these circumstances. For this purpose, visible light is used to obtain the corneal reflection or glint in a way analogous to the well-known pupil center corneal reflection technique. Due to the lack of contrast, the center of the iris is tracked instead of the center of the pupil. The experiments performed in our laboratory have shown very satisfactory results, allowing free-head movement and no need of recalibration.
The Joule Thomson Cryoprobe (1967)

A cryoprobe working on the Joule Thomson principle using the expansion of carbon-dioxide gas is described. It is the first cryoprobe that can be applied to the lens at ambient temperature (room temperature) having almost instantaneous freezing and rewarming characteristics. Iris adhesion and laceration are virtually impossible. Automatic foot switch control as well as reserve freezing power, for difficult cases, are incorporated. The probe is light, small, and well-balanced and the tip is constantly visible. There is no gaseous carbon-dioxide discharge near the operative site. The probe has facilitated the technique of cryoextraction using a superior polar grip and iris retraction as first described by the author. The instrument is especially valuable in the extraction of dislocated, subluxated, and complicated cataracts.
Sea Buckthorn in Plant Based Diets. An Analytical Approach of Sea Buckthorn Fruits Composition: Nutritional Value, Applications, and Health Benefits (2021)

Current nutritional trends include plant-based diets as nutritional behavior of consumers who are increasingly concerned about a healthy lifestyle. Sea buckthorn (<i>Hippophaë</i> <i>rhamnoides</i> L.) is a plant with great virtues, containing more than 100 types of compounds. It is a plant with versatile properties, multiple economic advantages and a rich history, which still continues in natural medicine, and it is hence included in the daily diet by more and more people for the prevention and treatment of diet-related diseases. Its uniqueness is due to its chemical composition and the health beneficial properties that rise from its composition. This review is a detailed analytical picture of the current state of knowledge currently available regarding the <i>Hippophaë</i> plant, providing an overview of the qualities of sea buckthorn. This article summarizes data on sea buckthorn's nutritional value, health beneficial properties, and its applications.
A decision aid for theater missile defense (1997)

The Theater Missile Defense Problem of placing interceptor batteries to defend assets against an intermediate range ballistic missile threat is formulated as a constrained optimization problem. Discontinuities and the existence of many local minima prevent the application of gradient based optimization techniques. A genetic algorithm is employed to overcome these features of the problem. Implementation details are provided, and numerical results are presented.
Conversation and Technology: From the Telephone to the Internet (2001)

Chapter 1: Introduction: Technologies for Communication. Chapter 2: The Communicative Affordances of Technological Artifacts. Chapter 3: Communication as Computation?. Chapter 4: Talk in Interaction. Chapter 5: The Telephone: Technology of Sociability. Chapter 6: Telephone Interaction and Social Identity. Chapter 7: Technological Mediation and Asymmetrical Interaction. Chapter 8: Computers, Humans, Conversation. Chapter 9: Virtual Conversation. Chapter 10: Conclusion: A Reversion to the Real?. Appendix: Transcription Conventions. Bibliography. Index
Cytogenetics of Tetraploid Elymus cinereus, E. triticoides, E. multicaulis, E. karataviensis, and Their F<sub>1</sub>Hybrids (1972)

Asian Elymus multicaulis Kar. & Kir., 2n = 28, hybridized readily with North American E. cinereus Scribn. & Merr., 2n = 28; with North American E. triticoides Buckl., 2n = 28; and Asian E. karataviensis Roshev., 2n = 28. The E. multicaulis x E. cinereus hybrids were more or less morphologically intermediate between the parents. The E. multicaulis x E. triticoides hybrids were weak chlorophyll-deficient plants, and the E. multicaulis x E. karataviensis hybrids exceeded both parents in overall size and vigor. All parent species behaved cytologically as allotetraploids and consistently formed 14 bivalents at metaphase I. Chromosome pairing was almost identical in the E. multicaulis x E. cinereus and E. multicaulis x E. triticoides hybrids, which averaged 3.54I, 12.16II, and 0.05III in 224 metaphase-I cells. Chromosome pairing in the E. multicaulis x E. karataviensis hybrids averaged 1.39I, 13.27II, and 0.02III in 139 cells at metaphase I. The various hybrids produced up to 5% stainable pollen, but none produced seed. Introgression between E. multicaulis and the other three species appears unlikely. Chromosome pairing in the hybrids indicates that E. cinereus, E. triticoides, E. multicaulis, and E. karataviensis contain the same basic genomes, JJXX, where J represents a genome from diploid E. junceus Fisch. and X is a genome of undetermined origin. Taxonomic implications of the cytogenetic data are discussed.
Ductile fracture analysis on the surface and internal fracture of cold forged products (1996)

This paper presents an investigation of the ability of the scheme to simultaneously accomplish both prediction of fracture initiation and analysis of deformation in cold forged products. The Cockcroft-Latham criterion which is successfully applied to a variety of loading situations is used in the present investigation to estimate if and where surface and internal fracture occur during the deformation process. The numerical predictions and experimental results of two types of fundamental cold metal forming process taken into account are compared. Finite element simulation combined with fracture criterion has successfully predicted the site of surface or internal fracture initiation and corresponding to level of deformation observed experimentally.
Palmitoylation of luteinizing hormone/human choriogonadotropin receptors in transfected cells. Abolition of palmitoylation by mutation of Cys-621 and Cys-622 residues in the cytoplasmic tail increases ligand-induced internalization of the receptor. (1994)

We have examined whether the two cysteine residues (621 and 622) of the carboxyl-terminal cytoplasmic domain of the rat luteinizing hormone (LH/hCG) receptor are potential sites for palmitoylation. The full-length LH/hCG receptor cDNA was cloned into an expression vector (hCGR-pCMV4). A human embryonic kidney cell line expressing large T antigen (293T cells) was transiently transfected with hCGR-pCMV4 by the calcium phosphate precipitation technique. The functional expression of the receptor was confirmed by 35S-labeled cysteine incorporation into the receptor as well as by 125I-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) binding. The transfected cells were then labeled with [3H]palmitic acid, and the labeled receptors purified on hCG-Affi-Gel matrix and subjected to SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. The hCGR-pCMV4-transfected cells incorporated [3H]palmitic acid into a 92-kDa band corresponding to the mature form of the LH/hCG receptor; this band was absent in cells transfected with vector alone. Site-directed mutagenesis of either cysteine 621 or 622 to serine residue was partially inhibitory, whereas mutation of both cysteine residues (621 and 622) completely abolished palmitoylation. Scatchard analyses revealed that the mutant and wild type receptors have similar affinities for 125I-hCG. The biological function of palmitoylation was then examined in the transfected cells. The results showed that although the intracellular trafficking of the receptor and the ability to stimulate cyclic AMP production were unaffected, the rate of ligand-induced internalization of the receptor was higher in palmitoylation-deficient mutants compared to the wild type receptors. The first order rate constants of internalization of the mutant receptors were over 2-fold higher than the wild type. Intracellular degradation of the receptor-bound ligand was also higher in the mutants. These studies suggest that the native LH/hCG receptor is palmitoylated at cysteine residues 621 and 622, creating a membrane-anchoring site at the putative cytoplasmic domain. This palmitic acid-mediated anchoring decreases the ligand-induced receptor internalization thereby prolonging the retention of the ligand-bound receptor on the cell surface.
Deposition of complement components on Streptococcus agalactiae in bovine milk in the absence of inflammation (1995)

Bovine milk is generally considered to be almost devoid of complement, on the basis of undetectable hemolytic activity, unless inflammation recruits plasma components. This study examines the deposition of complement components on a mastitis-causing isolate of Streptococcus agalactiae by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Neat milk from mid-lactating, uninflamed mammary glands (normal milk) effected marked C3 deposition on bacteria. Kinetic studies showed a protracted lag period (30 to 45 min) preceding C3 deposition, which required about 2 h to reach a maximum. Experiments with diluted serum suggested that this slow C3 deposition resulted mainly from the low concentration of certain components of complement in milk. Bacteria incubated in neat milk readily bound bovine conglutinin, indicating the presence of iC3b. Elution of covalently bound C3 fragments with hydroxylamine confirmed the deposition of C3b and iC3b on bacteria. Deposition of C4 on bacteria was not detected in neat milk, suggesting that C3 deposition did not result from the activation of the classical pathway. This was not the result of a lack of antibodies. However, C4 deposition could be obtained by adding purified bovine C1q to normal milk, and C3 deposition was accelerated, suggesting the participation of the classical pathway. The deposition of C1q on antibody-sensitized bacteria was impeded by milk compared with that of C1q diluted in phosphate-buffered saline. Concentrations of C1q in normal milk were very low, ranging from 150 to 250 ng/ml. Overall, these findings indicate that C1q was a limiting factor of the classical pathway in normal milk. The capacity of milk to deposit C3 fragments on mastitis-causing S. agalactiae prompts further studies to investigate its role in opsonophagocytosis.
Universal coding for correlated sources with linked encoders (1996)

On the coding for correlated sources we extend the Slepian-Wolf (1973) data compression system (called the SW system) to define a new system (called the SWL system), where two separate encoders of the SW system are mutually linked. Determining the optimal error exponent for all rates inside the admissible rate region remains an open problem for the SW system. We completely solve this problem for the SWL system, and show that the optimal exponents can be achieved by universal codes. Furthermore, it is shown that the linkage of two encoders does not extend the admissible rate region and does not even improve the exponent of correct decoding outside this region. The zero error data transmission problem for the SWL system is also considered. We determine the zero error rate region, the admissible rate region under the condition that the decoding error probability is strictly zero, and show that this region can be attained by universal codes. Furthermore, we make it clear that the linkage of encoders enlarges the zero error rate region. It is interesting to note that the above results for the SWL system correspond in some sense to the previous results for the discrete memoryless channel with feedback.
Physiological consequences of the complete loss of phosphoryl-transfer proteins HPr and FPr of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system and analysis of fructose (fru) operon expression in Salmonella typhimurium (1990)

Mutants of Salmonella typhimurium defective in the proteins of the fructose operon [fruB(MH)KA], the fructose repressor (fruR), the energy-coupling enzymes of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) (ptsH and ptsI), and the proteins of cyclic AMP action (cya and crp) were analyzed for their effects on cellular physiological processes and expression of the fructose operon. The fru operon consists of three structural genes: fruB(MH), which encodes the enzyme IIIFru-modulator-FPr tridomain fusion protein of the PTS; fruK, which encodes fructose-1-phosphate kinase; and fruA, which encodes enzyme IIFru of the PTS. Among the mutants analyzed were Tn10 insertion mutants and lacZ transcriptional fusion mutants. It was found that whereas a fruR::Tn10 insertion mutant, several fruB(MH)::Mu dJ and fruK::Mu dJ fusion mutants, and several ptsHI deletion mutants expressed the fru operon and beta-galactosidase at high constitutive levels, ptsH point mutants and fruA::Mu dJ fusion mutants retained inducibility. Inclusion of the wild-type fru operon in trans did not restore fructose-inducible beta-galactosidase expression in the fru::Mu dJ fusion mutants. cya and crp mutants exhibited reduced basal activities of all fru regulon enzymes, but inducibility was not impaired. Surprisingly, fruB::Mu dJ crp or cya double mutants showed over 10-fold inducibility of the depressed beta-galactosidase activity upon addition of fructose, even though this activity in the fruB::Mu dJ fusion mutants that contained the wild-type cya and crp alleles was only slightly inducible. By contrast, beta-galactosidase activity in a fruK::Mu dJ fusion mutant, which was similarly depressed by introduction of a crp or cya mutation, remained constitutive. Other experiments indicated that sugar uptake via the PTS can utilize either FPr-P or HPr-P as the phosphoryl donor, but that FPr is preferred for fructose uptake whereas HPr is preferred for uptake of the other sugars. Double mutants lacking both proteins were negative for the utilization of all sugar substrates of the PTS, were negative for the utilization of several gluconeogenic carbon sources, exhibited greatly reduced adenylate cyclase activity, and were largely nonmotile. These phenotypic properties are more extreme than those observed for tight ptsH and ptsI mutants, including mutants deleted for these genes. A biochemical explanation for this fact is proposed.
Inhibitory effect of aqueous garlic extract (Allium sativum) on some isolated Salmonella serovars. (2010)

There has been a consistent increase in the search for alternative and efficient compound for food conservation, aiming a partial or total replacement of antimicrobial chemical additives. Garlic offers a promising alternative for food safety and bioconservation. Filter sterilized, aqueous garlic extract was tested for ability to inhibit the growth of some isolated Salmonella serovars. The aqueous garlic extract (A. G. E., 57.1% (w/v), containing 324 µg/ml allicin) inhibited the growth and killed most of the tested Salmonella serovars. The effect of bacteriostatic concentration of A. G. E. on the growth of the different tested serovars, revealed a pattern of inhibition characterized by: (i) a transitory inhibition phase whose duration was proportional to A. G. E concentration (ii) a resumed growth phase which showed a lower rate of growth than in uninhibited controls and (iii) an entry into stationary phase at a lower culture density. The minimal inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentrations were very close; garlic MIC range 10 - 12.5 mg/ml; MBC range 13 - 15 mg/ml. Garlic extract could be stored at 4°C because no detectable loss of antibacterial activity at this temperature over several days was observed. However, excessive warming, or longer periods at higher temperatures should be avoided. Among enzymatic activities followed with the API-ZYM system, significant changes during the inhibition phase were detected. These biochemical changes represent an adaptative response towards the garlic stress.

	 

	Key words: Allium sativum, allicin, garlic, antimicrobial, Salmonella.
Role of membrane lipids in the immunological killing of tumor cells: I. Target cell lipids (1983)

The metabolic and physical properties of tumor cells that are associated with their ability to resist or escape from immune attack have been investigated. The susceptibility of P815 murine mastocytoma cells to immune killing can be modulated. Culturing the cells with adriamycin or with hydrocortisone increases or decreases, respectively, the sensitivity of the cells to killing by antibody (Ab) plus complement (C); in addition, culturing the cells with mitomycin C or hydrocortisone increases or decreases, respectively, the sensitivity of the cells to killing by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). The susceptibility of the cells to Ab-C killing correlates with the ability of the cells to synthesize complex cellular lipids, but not DNA, RNA, protein, or carbohydrate. Further, tumor cells rendered sensitive to Ab-C killing by adriamycin are decreased in total lipid content and in their cholesterol/phospholipid mole ratio; hydrocortisone-treated resistant cells showed the opposite effects. The ability of tumor cells to resist CTL killing did not correlate with their total cellular lipid synthesis, but did correlate with the synthesis and composition of specific cellular phospholipids. In addition, tumor cells increased in sensitivity to Ab-C killing exhibited an increase in cell surface membrane fluidity, whereas cells increased in susceptibility to CTL attack showed an increase in their net negative cell surface charge density. These data show certain unique chemical and physical properties of tumor cells to be of fundamental importance for their ability to resist either humoral or cell-mediated immunologic attack; modulation of one or another of these cellular properties results in a change in the cells' susceptibility to immune killing by antibody plus C or by cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
Knowledgebase manufacturing The leading edge in manufacturing businesssystems (1994)

Investigates KnowledgeBase manufacturing, a complete system solution that integrates MRPII with knowledgeBase systems design to meet the requirements of individual manufacturers and their customers. Compares KnowledgeBase with conventional manufacturing systems, outlining its flexibility and user‐friendly operation. Describes how a system was designed for a mixed‐mode manufacturing organisation, from the initial design task through to its implementation and integration with existing systems such as electronic data interchange and computer‐aided design. Concludes with some of the advantages that KnowledgeBase manufacturing system can bring to companies, including increased productivity, shorter business cycles and improved communications within the company.
New Estimators and Guidelines for Better Use of Fetal Heart Rate Estimators with Doppler Ultrasound Devices (2014)

Characterizing fetal wellbeing with a Doppler ultrasound device requires computation of a score based on fetal parameters. In order to analyze the parameters derived from the fetal heart rate correctly, an accuracy of 0.25 beats per minute is needed. Simultaneously with the lowest false negative rate and the highest sensitivity, we investigated whether various Doppler techniques ensure this accuracy. We found that the accuracy was ensured if directional Doppler signals and autocorrelation estimation were used. Our best estimator provided sensitivity of 95.5%, corresponding to an improvement of 14% compared to the standard estimator.