gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Minimum cost path determination using a simple heuristic function (2002)

Describes the use of heuristics in the determination of a minimum cost path between two points in digital images. The application of four different search methods when applied in two and three dimensional digital images is presented and evaluated. Experiments show that the number of nodes that are being addressed in the search process strongly depends on the discriminative power of the feature used. Furthermore it is shown that for a specific application, the use of a simple heuristic function leads to a considerable reduction in the number of evaluated nodes as compared with the traditional unidirectional approach.
Biosynthesis of linoleic acid from 1-C14-cis-2-octenoic acid by the laying hen (1962)

A white leghorn hen was given 0.2 mc of 1-C14-cis-2-octenoic acid in one 1.05-g dose, and five eggs laid subsequently were collected. Linoleic acid isolated from the eggs, both as the tetrabromide and by preparative gas-liquid chromatography, was found to be radioactive. This was proven to be octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid by characterizing the products of oxidation—caproic and azelaic acids, and 3 CO2. The caproic acid, which was isolated by gas-liquid chromatography from periodate-permanganate oxidation of the labeled linoleic acid, was found to be inactive. The carbon 11 of the linoleic acid was isolated as BaCO3 after oxidation with KMnO4, in acetic acid and was found to be over 4.3 times as radioactive as the active azelaic acid carbons. It was concluded that the hen synthesized octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid from the 1-C14-cis-2-octenoic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: ACETOXYPHENYLKETENE. REACTION WITH BIACETYL (1983)

Abstract Das aus Mandelsäurechloridacetat (I) erhaltene Phenyl‐acetoxy‐keten (II) reagiert mit Diacetyl (III) über eine isolierbare Zwischenstufe (IV) zu ,einem polycyclischen Lacton (V).
Versatile Methods for the Synthesis of 2-Amino-6-trifluoromethoxy-(nitro)benzothiazoles (1992)

Abstract Convenient and regioselective syntheses of all three isomers of mononitro-6-trifluoromethoxy-benzothiazoles, starting from 2-amino-6-trifluoromethoxy-benzothiazole (riluzole) are described.
Fabrication of traveling-wave-type electro-optic quantum dot modulator (2005)

Requirements for suitable communication systems with large capacity and high speed processing of information are rapidly on increase. Fiber-optic communication systems are presented for these requirements today. Modulation is one of the most important part in these system. Although many optical modulators already has been existed, for more high speed and performance we are interested in design of traveling-wave type electro-optic modulator which can be used for wide-band applications. Quantum dots(QDs) have long been expected to improve the performance of optical devices. Since their density of states due to the three-dimensional (3-D) carrier confinement behave as delta function, thus, QDs have the characteristics such as enhanced differential gain, suppressed thermal distribution of carriers, and a nearly zero alpha parameter at the peak gain. In this paper, we fabricated electro optic modulator using InAs/InGaAs columnar QD. The height of one QD is 4 nm and 10 periods of QDs are stacked including InGaAs capping layer. The peak wavelength of photoluminescence is 1260 nm at room temperature. The electrode of QD modulator is designed as Traveling-wave Mach-Zehnder type for high speed operation. And the microwave characteristics are simulated to design Traveling-wave QD modulator using Finite Difference-Time Domain method. Using simulation results, we fabricated Traveling-wave type quantum dot electro-optic modulator with varying the length of modulation region.
Linkage of G8 (D4S10) in two Swedish families with Huntington's disease (1987)

Two Swedish families with Huntington's disease (HD) have been investigated for linkage with G8 (D4S10). In one family from northern Sweden (Family 1) 48 family members were examined, and in another family from the southwestern part of Sweden (Family 2) 14 family members were examined. The lod scores were 1.531 for Family 1 and 2.057 for Family 2, and the combined lod score was 3.59. The HD gene was segregating with the haplotype C in Family 1 and with haplotype A in Family 2. The predictive value of the test was obvious. Before the testing with the G8 probe, 84.2% of the family members in Family 1 had a theoretical risk of 25% or 50% of having the HD gene. After the testing with the G8 probe, only 23.7% of the family members remained at the same risk, and it could also be certified that 63.2% had no or little risk of having the HD gene. Only one asymptomatic person was predicted to have HD.
Transformation from Microcrystalline LiMn<sub>1-</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>Cr<i><sub>x</sub></i>O<sub>2</sub> to 1D Nanostructured β-Mn<sub>1-</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>Cr<i><sub>x</sub></i>O<sub>2</sub>:  Promising Electrode Performance of β-MnO<sub>2</sub>-Type Nanowires (2008)

Cr-substituted β-Mn1-xCrxO2 nanowires with nonaggregated morphology have been synthesized by the chemical oxidation of layered LiMn0.9Cr0.1O2 microcrystals under hydrothermal conditions at elevated temperature. According to powder X-ray diffraction analysis, a persulfate treatment at 200 °C gives rise to a unique transformation from a monoclinic-layered structure to a pyrolusite- (β-MnO2-) type structure. Electron microscopic analyses clearly demonstrated that the oxidized derivative consists of well-separated single-crystalline nanowires with a diameter of ∼30 nm and a length of several micrometers. Mn K-edge and Cr K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy and chemical analysis provide straightforward evidence for the substitution of chromium ions for the manganese sites of the pyrolusite-structured manganese oxide nanowires. Of special importance is that the present Cr-substituted β-MnO2-type nanowires show promising electrode performance for Li+ ion batteries, superior to those of pristine LiMn0.9Cr0.1O2, bulk β-MnO2, and other structure-type manganese oxide nanowires including unsubstituted β-MnO2 nanowires. On the basis of the present experimental findings, we are able to conclude that the persulfate treatment under hydrothermal conditions provides a powerful method not only to prepare cation-substituted manganese oxide nanowires but also to improve the electrode performance of microcrystalline metal oxides through nanostructure fabrication.
Asymmetric Dihydroxylation of Vinyl Sulfones: Routes to Enantioenriched α‐Hydroxyaldehydes and the Enantioselective Syntheses of Furan‐2(5H)‐ones. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Mutational analysis of the potential catalytic residues of the VV G1L metalloproteinase (2006)

The vaccinia virus G1L open-reading frame is predicted to be a metalloproteinase based upon the presence of a conserved zinc-binding motif. Western blot analysis demonstrates G1L undergoes proteolytic processing during the course of infection, although the significance of this event is unknown. In order to determine which amino acid residues are important for G1L activity, a plasmid-borne library of G1L constructs containing mutations in and about the active site was created. Transient expression analysis coupled with a trans complementation assay of a conditionally-lethal mutant virus suggest that, of the mutants, only glutamic acid 120 is non-essential for G1L processing to occur.
Phase‐transfer catalytic activity of phosphonium salts bound to microporous polystyrene resins by long spacer chains (1986)

Abstract Supports of polystyrene with long spacers were prepared by bromoalkylation of microporous, crosslinked polystyrene resins with ω‐bromoalkenes using CF 3 SO 3 H as catalyst. The dependence of the phase‐transfer catalytic activity of phosphonium salts bound to the polystyrene resins by long spacer chains, derived from the bromoalkylated polystyrene resins, on the percentage of ring substitution, on the degree of crosslinking, and on spacer‐chain length was studied. The high activity of the catalyst with long spacer chains was explained by the increased reactivity of the active site, induced by the increased lipophilicity of the catalyst, and by the facilitated ion exchange which was brought about by an increased distance between the active site and the polymer backbone.
Analysis of Cesium and Rubidium Salts and Metals. (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalysis of Cesium and Rubidium Salts and Metals.M. C. Farquhar and J. A. HillCite this: Anal. Chem. 1962, 34, 2, 222–224Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60182a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60182a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views119Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multiparametric cytometry for exploration of complex cellular dynamics (2012)

The development of polychromatic cytometry has contributed to significant progress in the field of human immunology. Although numerous functional studies of rare cell populations have been performed using this technology, here we used polychromatic cytometry to explore the dynamics of complex cellular systems implicated in innate immunity. We used PBMC stimulated with live influenza virus as an experimental model. We studied the time course of activation of PBMC, which contain DC, monocytes, and NK cells, all of which are, in addition to their innate immune properties, susceptible to Flu infection. We developed 12 color panels to investigate intracellular expression of IFN-α, TNF-α, IL-12, IL-6, IFN-γ, CD107, and influenza virus nucleoprotein simultaneously in these cell populations. These panels allowed reproducible determination of activation markers induced in DC after their direct exposure to various stimulations or in NK cells by indirect DC-mediated activation within the complex cellular environment. The ability to use a low number of cells and reduced quantities of reagents permitted us to perform kinetic experiments. The power of polychromatic cytometry associated with bioinformatic tools allowed us to analyze the multiple functional data generated as dynamic clustering maps. These maps present a readily understandable view of activation events induced in different populations of PBMC. In addition, it reveals new information on the coordination of the complex pathways induced and on the cellular interactions that sustained indirect DC-mediated NK cell activation. Our work shows that polychromatic cytometry is a tool for discoveries in unexplored complex cell systems, at the crossroads of immunology and virology. © 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Interaction of discoidin domain receptor 1 isoform b (DDR1b) with collagen activates p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase and promotes differentiation of macrophages (2003)

Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) is a receptor tyrosine kinase activated by collagen. DDR1 is constitutively expressed in a variety of normal and transformed epithelial cells and plays a role in cell migration and differentiation through as yet unidentified signaling pathways. We previously reported inducible expression of DDR1 in human leukocytes and suggested a role for the DDR1a isoform in leukocyte migration through extracellular matrix. Here, we evaluated the contribution of DDR1 in the differentiation of the human monocytic THP-1 cells overexpressing these isoforms and of primary macrophages. Interestingly, collagen activation of DDR1b, but not DDR1a, further promoted phorbol ester-induced differentiation of THP-1 cells as determined by reduced cell proliferation and up-regulated expression of HLA-DR, CD11c, CD14, and CD40. Collagen activation of DDR1b also induced the recruitment and phosphorylation of Shc and subsequent phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and its substrate ATF2. A p38 MAP kinase inhibitor, SB203580, completely inhibited DDR1b-mediated HLA-DR expression. Activation of DDR1 endogenously expressed on macrophages also up-regulated their HLA-DR expression in a p38 MAP kinase-dependent manner. Thus, DDR1b in response to collagen transduces signals that promote maturation/differentiation of HLA-DR-positive antigen-presenting cells and contributes to the development of adaptive immunity in a tissue microenvironment.
A Regulatory Loop Composed of RAP80-HDM2-p53 Provides RAP80-enhanced p53 Degradation by HDM2 in Response to DNA Damage (2009)

The ubiquitin interaction motif-containing protein RAP80 plays a key role in DNA damage response signaling. Using genomic and functional analysis, we established that the expression of the RAP80 gene is regulated in a DNA damage-responsive manner by the master regulator p53. This regulation occurs at the transcriptional level through a noncanonical p53 response element in the RAP80 promoter. Although it is inducible by p53, RAP80 is also able to regulate p53 through an association with both p53 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase HDM2, providing HDM2-dependent enhancement of p53 polyubiquitination. Depletion of RAP80 by small interfering RNA stabilizes p53, which, following DNA damage, results in an increased transactivation of several p53 target genes as well as greater apoptosis. Consistent with these observations, exogenous expression of RAP80 selectively inhibits p53-dependent transactivation of target genes in an mdm2-dependent manner in MEF cells. Thus, we identify a new DNA damage-associated role for RAP80. It can function in an autoregulatory loop consisting of RAP80, HDM2, and the p53 master regulatory network, implying an important role for this loop in genome stability and oncogenesis.
A la nouvelle poste (1912)

Klein Henri. A la nouvelle poste. In: Les Feuillets d'El-Djezaïr, volume 4, 1912. Visites et excursions des années 1910 et 1911 – Articles divers. pp. 99-100.
Human IgM monoclonal antibody 16.88: pharmacokinetics and distribution in mouse and man. (1990)

Human IgM monoclonal antibody (MAb) 16.88 recognizes an antigen strongly expressed by colon cancer tissue. We used 131I-labelled 16.88 for biodistribution and pharmacokinetic studies in nude mice bearing WiDr or NIH:OVCAR-3 xenografts. Serum half-life was 8 h. Maximum tumour uptake was between 1 and 8 h after administration and amounted to, respectively, 3% and 1% of the injected dose g-1 for WiDr and NIH:OVCAR-3 tumours. Half-lives in these tumours were approximately 24 h. Tumour to normal colon uptake ratios increased from 2.3 at 24 h to 17 at 5 days after injection. Simultaneously, pharmacokinetic studies were performed in patients with advanced colon cancer reactive with 16.88. They were injected with 5 mCi 131I-16.88 by intravenous infusion over 2 h. Serum half-life was 20 h with greater than 90% of the 131I bound to 16.88. Within 40 h 50% of the injected dose was excreted as free 131I in the urine. In one patient an accelerated clearance was found, possibly caused by pre-existing antibodies reacting with 16.88. None of the patients showed an immune response against 16.88 antibody. Immunoscintigraphy showed positive tumour localization in the majority of the patients, best visualized at later days. We conclude that 16.88 has tumour localization properties while its human origin accounts for the lack of immunogenicity.
Infrared Induced Absorption of Dilute Solutions of H2 and D2 in Liquid Argon (1964)

The induced infrared absorption spectra of dilute solutions of H2 and D2 in liquid argon have been studied using a low-temperature cell with a path length of 0.5 m. The close correspondence between observed absorptions with narrow band widths (ν½∼20 cm—1) and vibration—rotation transitions calculated using the gas-phase molecule spectroscopic constants strongly suggests that H2 and D2 rotate freely in liquid argon. An interpretation of the observed broad absorption features (ν½∼100 cm—1) is considered in which they assigned to vibration—translation combination bands involving changes in translational energy of H2 (or D2) in its solvent cage. These translational energy levels shift with isotopic change of the solute. A cell model of the solution system is considered in which the H2 (or D2) molecules are assumed to translate in their solvent cages as isotropic harmonic oscillators. The predicted difference in translational energy levels between H2 and D2 in argon is in satisfactory agreement with the observed isotopic shifts. The selection rules which govern the vibrating—translating solute molecule transitions are derived for the model of the isotropic harmonic oscillator and are consistent with the observed absorptions. An estimate of the translational energy level spacing which is provided by considering the solute in solvent as a particle in a box gives values which are in order of magnitude agreement with the proposed interpretation of the broad absorptions. If the present assignments are correct the results of this investigation provide a basis for the determination of all the types of energy levels of the solute molecule: vibrational, rotational, and translational.
Using Grid Infrastructures for a Stationary DGSOI Monte Carlo Simulation (2009)

Nowadays grid infrastructures are widely used to deal with many different types of problems. Mainly, these infrastructures may be very useful for single program multiple data (SPMD) applications, thanks to the considerable amount of available resources. This paper presents a method to reduce the computational time of stationary two dimensional Monte Carlo (MC) simulations for the study of nanoscale double gate silicon on Insulator transistors (DGSOI) taking advantage of such facilities. Using this technique we have obtained an important reduction in the execution time.
Comparative Molecular Field Analysis Using GRID Force-Field and GOLPE Variable Selection Methods in a Study of Inhibitors of Glycogen Phosphorylase b (1994)

A primary goal in any drug design strategy is to predict the activity of new compounds. Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) has been used in drug design and three-dimensional quantitative structure/activity relationship (3D-QSAR) methods. The CoMFA approach permits analysis of a large number of quantitative descriptors and uses chemometric methods such as partial least squares (PLS) to correlate changes in biological activity with changes in chemical structure. One of the characteristics of the 3D-QSAR method is the large number of variables which are generated in order to describe the nonbonded interaction energies between one or more probes and each drug molecule. Since it is difficult to know a priori which variables affect the biological activity of the compounds, much effort has been devoted to developing methods that optimize the selection of only those variables of importance. This work focuses on some of the aspects involved in the selection of such variables, applied to a series of glucose analogue inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase b, using the program GRID to describe the molecular structures and using a method of generating optimal partial least squares estimations (program GOLPE) as the chemometric tool. This data set, consisting of over 30 compounds in which the three-dimensional ligand-enzyme bound structures are known, is well suited to study the effect of different data pretreatment procedures on the final model used for the prediction of new drug molecules. By relying on our knowledge of the real physical problem (i.e., using the combined crystallographic and kinetic results), it has been shown that suitable data pretreatment and variable selection have been found that does not result in a significant loss of relevant information. Moreover, by using an appropriate scaling procedure, GOLPE variable selection minimizes the risk of overfitting and overpredicting.
I morti e l’eterno nell’opera di Ungaretti dal Porto sepolto a Un grido e Paesaggi (2002)

In tutta l’opera di Ungaretti la morte ha una connotazione ambivalente : da un lato è un risvolto ineludibile del tempo, dell’incessante svanire delle cose e dell’essere ; dall’altro è condizione dell’assenza, dunque della memoria, nella quale – egli afferma – « ciò che è stato è stato per sempre, è divenuto patrimonio della mente ». Una analoga ambivalenza caratterizza il ricordo dei defunti, segnato da un lato dal rimpianto degli estinti, dall’altro dalla fede, ad un tempo incerta e ostinata, nella memoria che redime la vita e la immette nell’eterno. In questa chiave saranno prese in esame alcune poesie che Ungaretti dedica ai familiari (il figlio Antonietto, la madre, la moglie Jeanne, il fratello Costantino).
Kinetics and Mechanism of RAFT Polymerization (2003)

RAFT polymerization has emerged as one of the more versatile methods of living radical polymerization. In this paper aspects of the kinetics and mechanism of RAFT polymerization are discussed with a view to pointing out some of the advantages and limitations of various RAFT agents and providing some guidance on how to select a RAFT agent for a particular polymerization. Factors discussed include: transfer constants (Ctr, C-tr) of RAFT agents - (measurement, substituent effects, prediction with MO calculations, reversibility), retardation (examples, dependence on RAFT agent and monomer, possible mechanisms) and formation of multimodal distributions (examples, contributing mechanisms).
Brief Notes on a Case of Labyrinthine Concussion (1898)

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Robust detail recognition and location technique for image retrieval in digital repositories (2004)

Large collections of image documents are today accessible via communication networks. Cost effective retrieval of the wanted images needs convenient browsing tools. In this contribution a technique for image selection on the basis of key details is illustrated. The technique is useful for instance for assisted queries to digital artwork collections, tele-sensing images, aerial photographs, astronomic databases, etc. The basic feature of the method is the capability of detecting and locating anyway rotated details with reasonable computational costs. In this work a criterion for proper choice of detail reference points is illustrated.