gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Can Machines Replace the Human Brain? A Review of Litigation Outcome Prediction Methods for Construction Disputes (2015)

Construction projects are naturally complicated and involve large number of unpredictable as well as external interrelated factors. Complex construction projects value is in excess of billions of dollars. As a result, disputes between the contracting parties are critical and difficult to resolve. Traditionally, litigation was the only avenue to resolve such disputes. However, with its complicated nature and technicalities involved, construction projects’ experts deployed alternative dispute resolution methods such as arbitration and mediation. Each vary in the involved resources and the legal consequences. Litigation, however, is found to be one of the most expensive and time consuming methods. Moreover, the results of litigation are unguaranteed. Therefore, researchers attempted to predict the outcome of litigation in the field of construction dispute to give the contracting parties a good order of estimate on the expected outcome. This would be a good tool to decide whether a party shall file a litigation case or not.
In Vivo Photoactivation of Caged-Thrombin (1997)

Summary Aberrant ocular neovascularization is a major cause of blindness in the world. Abnormal blood vessels in the eye may produce corneal opacification, corneal transplant rejection, neovascular glaucoma, vitreous hemorrhage, traction retinal detachment, and subretinal scars from choroidal neovascular membranes (1-5). Light-induced clotting of blood within these abnormal vessels could provide a novel method for the ablation of deleterious neovascularization. Thrombin is a serine proteinase that participates in the final stages of the coagulation cascade. An inhibitor of thrombin, p-Amidinophenyl-(E)-4-diethyl- amino-2-hydroxy-α-methylcinnamate hydrochloride, MeCINN (1), covalently attaches to the active site serine hydroxyl, inhibiting or caging, the enzyme. Photolysis of the caged-thrombin in vitro causes a trans-cis isomerization of MeCINN which leads to regeneration of active enzyme and cleaving of fibrinogen into fibrin (6). Using a rabbit model of corneal neovascularization, we found that light at 366 nm safely and effectively photoactivates intravenous caged-thrombin and produces localized thrombosis in vivo. These results suggest that intra- vascular photoactivation of caged-thrombin could be used to occlude abnormal blood vessels in the human eye.
Into the blue: the importance of murine <i>lacZ</i> gene expression profiling in understanding and treating human disease (2015)

The International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) is a major international effort to explore the effects of knocking out 20,000 genes in the mouse. A new study by White and colleagues, published in the current issue of Disease Models & Mechanisms, demonstrates the usefulness of lacZ in situ reporter expression patterns in extending our understanding of genotype-phenotype relationships as part of the IMPC high-throughput screen. In situ gene expression profiling is invaluable for evaluating compartment-specific gene expression patterns, and these enrich our understanding of the role of genes in a great number of biological processes in multiple organ systems. Furthermore, the complexity of gene expression patterns informs our understanding of how genes influence lethality. This Editorial aims to highlight ways in which the lacZ expression profiles can impact on biomedical research by uncovering as-yet-unknown genotype-phenotype relationships, and through predicting the role of genes in health and disease.
Domain-specific keyphrase extraction (2005)

Document keyphrases provide semantic metadata characterizing documents and producing an overview of the content of a document. They can be used in many text-mining and knowledge management related applications. This paper describes a Keyphrase Identification Program (KIP), which extracts document keyphrases by using prior positive samples of human identified domain keyphrases to assign weights to the candidate keyphrases. The logic of our algorithm is: the more keywords a candidate keyphrase contains and the more significant these keywords are, the more likely this candidate phrase is a keyphrase. To obtain prior positive inputs, KIP first populates its glossary database using manually identified keyphrases and keywords. It then checks the composition of all noun phrases of a document, looks up the database and calculates scores for all these noun phrases. The ones having higher scores will be extracted as keyphrases.
University of Sydney forum defends protesters (2015)

Activists, students and academic staff met at the University of Sydney on April 29 to discuss the university's recent attacks on those involved in a protest against a lecture given by an Israeli colonel on March 11.
Learning long-term dependencies for action recognition with a biologically-inspired deep network (2016)

Despite a lot of research efforts devoted in recent years, how to efficiently learn long-term dependencies from sequences still remains a pretty challenging task. As one of the key models for sequence learning, recurrent neural network (RNN) and its variants such as long short term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) are still not powerful enough in practice. One possible reason is that they have only feedforward connections, which is different from the biological neural system that is typically composed of both feedforward and feedback connections. To address this problem, this paper proposes a biologically-inspired deep network, called shuttleNet\footnote{Our code is available at \url{https://github.com/shiyemin/shuttlenet}}. Technologically, the shuttleNet consists of several processors, each of which is a GRU while associated with multiple groups of cells and states. Unlike traditional RNNs, all processors inside shuttleNet are loop connected to mimic the brain's feedforward and feedback connections, in which they are shared across multiple pathways in the loop connection. Attention mechanism is then employed to select the best information flow pathway. Extensive experiments conducted on two benchmark datasets (i.e UCF101 and HMDB51) show that we can beat state-of-the-art methods by simply embedding shuttleNet into a CNN-RNN framework.
A Study of the Preparation Procedures of Sulfated Zirconia Prepared from Zirconia Gel. The Effect of the pH of the Mother Solution on the Isomerization Activity of <i>n</i>-Pentane (1996)

Abstract Solid superacids of sulfated zirconia were prepared by the sulfation of zirconia gels, which were obtained from mother solutions with different pH values. The gel precipitated at pH = 8 gave the sulfated zirconia, which showed the highest catalytic activity and selectivity for the skeletal isomerization of n-pentane. The active superacid was obtained with high reproducibility upon heating the mother solution, followed by washing the precipitate with hot water; this preparation procedure provided the oxide of small particle size. The catalytic activity of sulfated zirconia could be estimated from the exothermal peak caused by crystallization of the zirconia gel in DTA.
Excellent Reliability and High-Speed Antiferroelectric HfZrO<sub>2</sub> Tunnel Junction by a High-Pressure Annealing Process and Built-In Bias Engineering (2020)

Hafnia-based ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs) have great potential for use in logic in nonvolatile memory because of their complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor process compatibility, low power consumption, high scalability, and nondestructive readout. However, typically, ferroelectrics have a depolarization field, resulting in poor endurance owing to the early dielectric breakdown. Herein, an outstandingly reliable and high-speed antiferroelectric HfZrO tunnel junction (AFTJ) is probed to understand whether it is a promising candidate for next-generation nonvolatile memory applications. High-reliability AFTJ can be explained by less charge injection due to the low depolarized field. The formation of two stable nonvolatile states, even with antiferroelectric materials, is possible if asymmetric work function electrodes and fixed oxide charges are employed, generating a built-in bias and shifting the polarization-voltage curve. In addition, via high-pressure annealing, a critical voltage that determines the transition from the t-phase to the o-phase is effectively reduced (22%). The AFTJ shows a higher endurance property (>10<sup>9</sup> cycles) and faster switching speed (<30 ns) than FTJ. Hence, it is proposed that with the help of internal bias modulation and high-pressure annealing, AFTJs can be employed in next-generation memory devices.
Design of uninterruptible power supply power control system equipped mobile digital radiography (2017)

Mobile Digital Radiography is a transportable radiographic equipment for generating digital x-ray image. It has an improved dynamic range, which eliminates the needs to capture multiple images of the same anatomy. Mobile equipment are often battery powered, so that it can be moved to any location and be used without electrical outlet. The latest market research stated that the demand for the mobile digital radiography equipment in a global scale is increasing and that the global digital x-ray equipment market is expected to grow at an exceptional double digit CAGR during the forecast period 2015–2025. A Battery-powered equipment should possess a well-defined power control system. This requires some means of monitoring the AC mains input voltage and frequency, Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) input power and output power, UPS battery capacity and battery voltage, ability of the UPS to indicate when its voltage falls below the threshold voltage of the generator. This proposed paper is to incorporate an automated UPS power control system for mobile digital radiography with a program configured to instruct a computer to receive and display indication of battery's status and generator's status based on the received AC mains input (voltage and frequency), UPS input (voltage and frequency) and output (voltage and frequency) where an inbuilt alarm user can indicate the status.
REVIEWS (1955)

REVIEWS Get access Selected Poems of Winthrop Mackworth Praed. Edited by KENNETH ALLOTT. Pp. lxx+362. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1953. 18s. net. J. D. JUMP J. D. JUMP Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of English Studies, Volume VI, Issue 21, 1955, Pages 100–102, https://doi.org/10.1093/res/VI.21.100 Published: 01 January 1955
A wind forecast error cost included OPF model and its fast algorithm (2014)

The power output uncertainty brought by large scale concentration and the remote access of wind power causes great challenges to power grid scheduling and operation. To deal with such an uncertainty problem, the paper proposes a concept of wind power forecast error cost and establishes an OPF model which takes the cost of wind power forecast error into account (WFECI-OPF). To reduce calculation burden of stochastic simulation, the paper proposes a rapid approximate algorithm. Simulation examples based on IEEE 30-bus system validate that the proposed method has high accuracy and fast calculation speed, and it can meet the requirements of engineering applications.
Interference suppression in DMT receivers using windowing (2002)

A new receiver structure for improving the performance of conventional discrete multitone (DMT) based digital subscriber line (DSL) transceivers is described. In this method, the conventional demodulator consisting of a FFT followed by a scalar frequency-domain equalizer is augmented by an additional data-path utilizing windowing. Time-limited receiver windowing is done independently for each symbol over the orthogonality interval while the transmitter is unchanged. Windowing can be carried out efficiently in the time or frequency domain. A decision feedback equalizer is used to cancel the resulting inter-bin-interference. Computer simulation results are presented for ADSL with realistic interference conditions which show that this method is most effective against narrowband interference and other impairments which lead to diminished inter-bin orthogonality. The overall technique is also applicable to other multi-carrier modems such as VDSL and wireless OFDM.
Automatic identification of load testing problems (2008)

Many software applications must provide services to hundreds or thousands of users concurrently. These applications must be load tested to ensure that they can function correctly under high load. Problems in load testing are due to problems in the load environment, the load generators, and the application under test. It is important to identify and address these problems to ensure that load testing results are correct and these problems are resolved. It is difficult to detect problems in a load test due to the large amount of data which must be examined. Current industrial practice mainly involves time-consuming manual checks which, for example, grep the logs of the application for error messages. In this paper, we present an approach which mines the execution logs of an application to uncover the dominant behavior (i.e., execution sequences) for the application and flags anomalies (i.e., deviations) from the dominant behavior. Using a case study of two open source and two large enterprise software applications, we show that our approach can automatically identify problems in a load test. Our approach flags < 0.01% of the log lines for closer analysis by domain experts. The flagged lines indicate load testing problems with a relatively small number of false alarms. Our approach scales well for large applications and is currently used daily in practice.
Myofibrillar Protein Breakdown in Skeletal Muscle is Diminished in Rats With Chronic Streptozocin-Induced Diabetes (1987)

Previous reports have suggested that insulin may not regulate the breakdown of myofibrillar proteins in skeletal muscle. To further test the role of insulin, insulinopenia was produced by treating rats with streptozocin. After treatment, protein breakdown in skeletal muscle was evaluated with the isolated perfused rat hindquarter preparation. After the inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide, total and myofibrillar protein breakdown were assessed by measuring the release of tyrosine and 3-methylhistidine, respectively, in the perfused hindquarters of diabetic and age-matched control rats. Streptozocin-induced (65 mg/kg) diabetes (3- to 28-day duration) resulted in hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, hyperphagia, increased plasma lipid levels, arrested body and muscle growth, and increased urea and 3-methylhistidine excretion. Despite this, protein breakdown in skeletal muscle diminished. The release of 3-methylhistidine by the perfused hindquarters of diabetic rats decreased, whereas the release of tyrosine remained unchanged, suggesting that the breakdown of myofibrillar proteins was affected specifically. 3-Methylhistidine (unbound) levels in skeletal muscle of unperfused diabetic rats as well as in skin decreased, whereas they increased twofold in the gastrointestinal tract. More severe diabetes (125 mg/kg streptozocin), which resulted in ketoacidosis, augmented protein breakdown in muscle; however, this response was due to a marked fall in food consumption (it was also evident when control rats were pair fed). These data reinforce previous conclusions that insulin does not play a major role in the regulation of myofibrillar protein breakdown in skeletal muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Restoration of gap junctions in the regenerative process of ethanol‐induced gastric mucosal injury (1995)

Gap junctions mediate intercellular communication and play an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation. The present study examined the expression of the gap junction protein connexin 32 in rat gastric mucosa during the regenerative process of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury. Absolute ethanol (0.5 mL/100 g bodyweight) was administered to rats via gastric intubation. Following the treatment, rats were killed periodically, and gastric tissues were processed for indirect immunofluorescence microscopy using an anti-connexin 32 antibody. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E), periodic acid Schiff (PAS) and Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) staining were also performed in serial sections. Gastric injuries were limited in the mucosal layer. The injury was most severe 1 h after treatment, and was completely resolved by the 4th day after treatment. The number of immunoreactive spots for gap junctions was markedly decreased 1 h after the ethanol treatment. Reappearance of these immunostaining gap junctions occurred with repair of the injury. The reappearance of connexin 32 after injury was delayed in comparison with both the histologic resolution of the injury and the normalization of PAS-stained mucus. In contrast, the time course of reappearance of gap junctions closely paralleled the appearance of BrdU-labelled cells. These results indicate that morphologic repair is different to the recovery of cell maturity and cell proliferation in the regenerative gastric mucosa.
Clinical pharmacology of vigabatrin. (1989)

1. Upon oral administration vigabatrin is rapidly absorbed. Plasma elimination half-life ranges between 5 and 7 h in normal volunteers. Vigabatrin is eliminated primarily via the kidneys with about 65% of the administered dose found unchanged in the urine within 24 h. Kinetics are dose-linear within the range of usual therapeutic doses. 2. At therapeutic doses in man vigabatrin produces dose-related increases in CSF concentrations of free and total GABA, homocarnosine (the GABA-histidine dipeptide) and beta-alanine. These biochemical changes are consistent with an inhibition of GABA-transaminase activity in brain. 3. Thus, with systemic availability upon oral administration and biochemical activity in the CNS, the prerequisites for potential uses of vigabatrin in neurological disorders have been demonstrated in clinical pharmacological studies.
A Feasibility Study of Enhancing Independent Task Performance for People with Cognitive Impairments Through the Use of a Handheld Location-Based Prompting System (2012)

An autonomous task-prompting system is presented to increase workplace and life independence for people with cognitive impairments such as traumatic brain injury, intellectual disability, schizophrenia, and Down syndrome. This paper describes an approach to providing distributed cognition support of work engagement for persons with cognitive disabilities. In the pilot study, a prototype was built and tested in a community-based rehabilitation program involving pre-service food preparation training of 8 participants with cognitive impairments. The results show improvement in helping with task engagement is statistically significant compared to the oral-instruction method. A follow-up comparative study with 2 participants evaluated the shadow-team approach against the proposed system. Although the number of participants was few, the participants were studied in depth and the findings were very promising. The results in the autonomous task prompting without staff intervention indicate that the performance is statistically as good as the shadow-team approach. Our findings suggest that acquisition of job skills may be facilitated by the proposed system in conjunction with operant conditioning strategies.
Kinetics of the Thermal Decomposition of β-Trifluoroethylsilanes and Hot Molecule Kinetics of (CF<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>SiF<sub>3</sub>) (1974)

The thermal decomposition of β-trifluoroethylsilanes (CF 3 CH 2 SiF x (CH 3 ) 3−x where x = 0–3) is described by the reaction[Formula: see text]The Arrhenius parameters for the series of silanes studied are as follows:[Formula: see text]Some results for the decomposition of the hot molecule CF 3 CH 2 SiF 3 * are reported.[Formula: see text]
A new time-efficient trajectory planning solution for humanoid robot arms (2007)

In this paper, a new trajectory planning method, the Robust Double-Space Multi-Tension Spline Method (RDSMTS), is proposed to ensure the smooth task space and joint space trajectory generation, which can guarantee the trajectory of the endpoints of the redundant robot passing through the desired knot points in the task space with time-efficient conversion only solving the specified inverse kinematics solutions. Moreover, the core algorithm of the RDSMTS method, the modified tension spline method (MTS), allows the RDSMTS method to shape all the segments of the trajectory independently by adjusting the tension factor for each segment, which leads the multi-tension trajectories to satisfy the constraints on displacements, velocities, accelerations, and jerks. The RDSMTS method can also achieve the joint limit avoidance and the singularity avoidance at the same time. The simulation results demonstrate the time-efficient and smooth performance of the proposed method.
Diagnostic Accuracy of the RBANS in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Limitations on Assessing Milder Impairments (2010)

The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) has demonstrated adequate sensitivity in detecting cognitive impairment in a number of neuropsychiatric conditions, including Alzheimer's disease. However, its ability to detect milder cognitive deficits in the elderly has not been examined. The current study examined the clinical utility of the RBANS by comparing two groups: Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI; n = 72) and cognitively intact peers (n = 71). Significant differences were observed on the RBANS Total score, 3 of the 5 Indexes, and 6 of the 12 subtests, with individuals with MCI performing worse than the comparison participants. Specificity was very good, but sensitivity ranged from poor to moderate. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the RBANS Immediate and Delayed Memory Indexes and the Total Scale score were adequate. Although significant differences were observed between groups and the areas under the curves were adequate, the lower sensitivity values of the RBANS suggests that caution should be used when diagnosing conditions such as MCI.
EYESEE: A machine vision system for inspection of integrated circuit chips (2005)

A mechine vision system for inspecting either "in-process" or completed (fully patterned) integrated circuit (IC) chips has been demonstrated. Applied to the inspection of a Darlington IC, the EYESEE system was shown to effectively replace a human operator in performing a final inspection task. EYESEE has been extended to inspection of certain Large Scale Integration (LSI) and Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) devices for characterization measurement of line widths and critical dimensions, for measurement of mask and reticle overlay registration accuracy, and for detection and identification of macro end micro defects. Technical feasibility has been established for automating many semiconductor inspection tasks. A comprehensive review of other relevant machine vision techniques used within the semiconductor manufacturing industry is presented.