gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of the primary structural defect in the dysthrombin thrombin Quick I: substitution of cysteine for arginine-382 (1988)

A congenitally dysfunctional form of prothrombin, prothrombin Quick, was isolated from the plasma of an individual with less than 2% of normal prothrombin activity. Following activation of prothrombin Quick, two dysfunctional thrombins, thrombin Quick I and thrombin Quick II, were isolated. Functional characterization of thrombin Quick I indicated an increase in KM and a decrease in kcat, relative to thrombin, for release of fibrinopeptide A. Comparison of kcat/KM for thrombin Quick I to the value obtained for thrombin yielded a relative catalytic efficiency of 0.012 for thrombin Quick I [Henriksen, R. A., & Owen, W. G. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 4664-4669]. Lysyl endopeptidase digestor of reduced and S-carboxymethylated thrombin and thrombin Quick I has resulted in the identification of an altered peptide in this dysthrombin. Edman degradation of the isolated peptide has shown that the altered residue in this protein is Arg-382 which is replaced by Cys. This could result from a point mutation in the Arg codon, CGC, to yield TGC. Together, these results indicate that Arg-382 is a critical residue in determining the specificity of thrombin toward fibrinogen. Similar relative activities for thrombin Quick I in stimulating platelet aggregation, in the release of prostacyclin from human umbilical vein endothelium, and in the release of fibrinopeptide A suggest that these activities of thrombin share the same specificity determinants.
THE ACTION OF METHYLAMINE WITH NITROUS ACID (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE ACTION OF METHYLAMINE WITH NITROUS ACIDL. U. Spence, Frank C. Whitmore, and J. D. SurmatisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 6, 1771Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01851a515https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01851a515research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views34Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Energy expenditure during activity in the American lobster Homarus americanus: Correlations with body acceleration Part A Molecular & integrative physiology (2013)

How animals manage time and expend energy has implications for survivorship. Being able to measure key metabolic costs of animals under natural conditions is therefore an important tool in behavioral ecology. One method for estimating activity-specific metabolic rate is via derived measures of acceleration, often ‘overall dynamic body acceleration’ (ODBA), recorded by an instrumented acceleration logger. ODBA has been shown to correlate well with rate of oxygen consumption (V˙o2) in a range of species during activity in the laboratory. This study devised a method for attaching acceleration loggers to decapod crustaceans and then correlated ODBA against concurrent respirometry readings to assess accelerometry as a proxy for activity-specific energy expenditure in a model species, the American lobster Homarus americanus. Where the instrumented animals exhibited a sufficient range of activity levels, positive linear relationships were found between V˙o2 and ODBA over 20min periods at a range of ambient temperatures (6, 13 and 20°C). Mixed effect linear models based on these data and morphometrics provided reasonably strong predictive power for estimating activity-specific V˙o2 from ODBA. These V˙o2–ODBA calibrations demonstrate the potential of accelerometry as an effective predictor of behavior-specific metabolic rate of crustaceans in the wild during periods of activity.
Runtime Deep Model Multiplexing for Reduced Latency and Energy Consumption Inference (2020)

We propose a learning algorithm to design a lightweight neural multiplexer that given the input and computational resource requirements, calls the model that will consume the minimum compute resources for a successful inference. Mobile devices can use the proposed algorithm to offload the hard inputs to the cloud while inferring the easy ones locally. Besides, in the large scale cloud-based intelligent applications, instead of replicating the most-accurate model, a range of small and large models can be multiplexed from depending on the input's complexity which will save the cloud's computational resources. The input complexity or hardness is determined by the number of models that can predict the correct label. For example, if no model can predict the label correctly, then the input is considered as the hardest. The proposed algorithm allows the mobile device to detect the inputs that can be processed locally and the ones that require a larger model and should be sent a cloud server. Therefore, the mobile user benefits from not only the local processing but also from an accurate model hosted on a cloud server. Our experimental results show that the proposed algorithm improves mobile's model accuracy by 8.52 % which is because of those inputs that are properly selected and offloaded to the cloud server. In addition, it saves the cloud providers' compute resources by a factor of 2.85 × as small models are chosen for easier inputs.
P2‐060: A Harmonized Protocol for Medial Temporal Lobe Subfield Segmentation: Initial Results of The 3‐Tesla Protocol For The Hippocampal Body (2016)

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), aging and vascular pathology are proposed to differentially affect subregions of the medial temporal lobe (MTL). Characterizing these differences may provide more insight in disease processes and better biomarkers. However, the comparison of different studies is hampered by differences in how these subfields are segmented on in vivo MRIs by different research groups. The Hippocampal Subfields Group (HSG) was formed to create a harmonized protocol for MTL subregion segmentation. The group began developing a subfield segmentation protocol for the hippocampal body using high-resolution T2-weighted 3 tesla MRI. We present the initial results of this effort. Stage 1. Establish the anterior and posterior borders of the hippocampal body as a whole and the boundaries with surrounding structures, 2. Determine subfield boundaries on histological sections throughout the hippocampal body in three specimens, 3. Identify the corresponding boundaries between adjacent subfields on in vivo MRI, 4. Solicit feedback on the initial protocol from the HSG, and 5. Perform formal reliability analysis by six experts. The initial results are from stage 1. The anterior border was defined as one slice posterior to the last slice containing the uncal apex and the posterior border as the most posterior slice containing the colliculi. A reliability test yielded a Fleiss κ >0.75. An initial protocol for the boundaries with surrounding structures is also developed, with the dorsal and lateral border at the interface of the gray matter of the hippocampus and the white matter of the alveus/fimbria, the ventral border placed at the parahippocampal white matter and the medial border at the most medial point of the hippocampus. Additionally, the histological annotations are being finalized and an MRI protocol for the subfield boundaries is being prepared. The harmonized protocol, once completed, is expected to impact the field significantly by producing measurements that are comparable between labs and by making it easier to relate and pool results from different studies. Given the heterogeneity of AD, vascular and aging-related changes in the MTL, a reliable measure of subfield-specific effects may lead to more powerful biomarkers.
“<i>Tert</i>‐amino effect” in heterocyclic synthesis. Synthesis of thieno[3,2‐<i>e</i>]indolizines and thieno[2,3‐<i>c</i>]quinolizines (1990)

Abstract A new and convenient route for the synthesis of the thieno[3,2‐ e ]indolizines 4a,b,d , the thieno[2,3‐ c ]quinolizine 4e and their [1]benzothieno analogues 9a,b is presented. Reaction of the (dialkylamino)thiophenes 1, 5 and 7 with (methoxymethylene)malononitrile ( 2 ) gives the Michael adducts 3, 6 and 8 . Heating of 3 and 8 in refluxing 1‐butanol gives the cyclized products 4 and 9 . This cyclization proceeds via a 1,5 hydrogen shift, followed by an intramolecular addition of the carbanion to the iminium double bond in the intermediate 10 formed. The scope and limitations of this approach are discussed.
R744 ejector supported parallel vapour compression system. (2014)

The average energy use of European supermarkets is in the range of 300 to 600 kWh/m2 (Energy star, 2008; Arias, 2005). Around 50% of the energy is used to the refrigeration equipment which provides cooling and freezing capacity for the display cabinets and the cold / freezing storage rooms. Most of the current refrigeration systems are applying HFC 404A as the working fluid. In Accordance to the survey in the latest IPCC/TEAP Special Report (2007), the average annual leakage rates of existing European HFC supermarket units are between 15 and 20 % of the total refrigerant charge. On a global perspective the commercial refrigeration leakage rates are around 30 %, while HCFC 22 is the most common refrigerant. Therefore, effort should be given to identify alternative refrigerants which are able to improve the energy efficiency compared to current HFC solutions. Preference should be given to natural working fluids, since their long term environmental impact can be foreseen and they minimize the direct GWP contribution. Currently there are more than 2000 commercial refrigeration system, applying carbon dioxide (R744), manly located in Central- and Northern Europe. The efficiency challenge related to ordinary R744 booster systems operated at high ambient temperatures (Finckh, 2011) can be overcome by an improved system design as described in this paper. As one possible example, an enhanced R744 commercial refrigeration system with parallel compressor technology and ejector support is described, as implemented in a large supermarket in the region of Fribourg (Switzerland) during summer 2013. First measurement results are analysed and evaluated.
Surface interpolation and illusory boundary formation in stereoscopic images: the role of local element properties (2010)

Since White (1962) there have been many reports of the formation of illusory, depth-defined contours in sparse random-element stereograms. The most common example is that of the standard depth-defined square which floats above a random-element background. The boundaries of the square typically appear continuous and regular, in spite of the fact that there are large areas along the boundary containing no elements. Clearly in these instances the visual system employs an interpolation process to assign depth values to the ambiguous regions on either side of the boundary. The aim of these experiments was to identify constraints on this type of 3D interpolation/boundary formation, specifically, the role of local element attributes such as size and spacing on the perceived locations of depth-defined boundaries. Our stimulus was a sparse random dot stereogram depicting an 11.31° × 6.8° rectangular region in the plane of the screen with a 4.5° central square defined by 0.1° of horizontal disparity (2.5 cm) in depth. The monitor's display area was divided in half horizontally with the 3D test stimulus presented on the top portion. The same image was presented on the bottom half of the screen binocularly with zero disparity. The subject's task was to demarcate the boundary along the right edge of the disparate square in the 3D image using its 2D counterpart. To assess the effect of element properties on 3D surface interpolation we created versions of the test stimulus with gaps ranging from 0.6 to 3 deg., and separately varied element size and spacing. Results indicate that element spacing strongly influences interpolation and boundary formation but element size alone does not. We found that as average spacing increases subjects show increased interpolation across image gaps. These data show that 3D surface interpolation and the resultant boundary formation are not simply the result of local operations performed on isolated elements.
Shortest Paths and Networks (2004)

Computing an optimal path in a geometric domain is a fundamental problem in computational geometry, with applications in robotics, geographic information systems (GIS), wire routing, etc.
Murine <i>Hox-1.7</i> Homeo-Box Gene: Cloning, Chromosomal Location, and Expression (1987)

A new murine homeo-box, called Hox-1.7, has been identified in a rare cDNA from F9 teratocarcinoma stem cells. The Hox-1.7 homeo-box is 68 and 72% homologous to the Drosophila antennapedia (Antp) and iab-7 homeo-boxes, respectively. A major 2.5-kilobase transcript and several minor transcripts were detected by Northern blot (RNA blot) analysis in adult tissues as well as in midgestational embryos. The posterior spinal cord was found to be a major site of Hox-1.7 expression in 12.5-day-old embryos. Somatic cell hybrids were used to map the Hox-1.7 gene to mouse chromosome 6. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms associated with either the Hox-1.7 gene or the previously known Hox-1 complex were identified. Their distribution patterns in recombinant inbred mouse strains were used to determine the linkage between the two loci as well as to other loci on chromosome 6. This maps Hox-1 and Hox-1.7 close to two mouse loci that affect morphogenesis, postaxial hemimelia (px) and hypodactyly (Hd).
Dealumination of HBEA zeolite by steaming and acid leaching: distribution of the various aluminic species and identification of the hydroxyl groups (2005)

A series of HBEA samples were prepared by dealumination through steaming or treatment by hydrochloric acid of a parent commercial zeolite. Treatments with acid solutions were shown to cause a rapid dissolution of the extraframework Al (EFAL) species, especially the monomeric ones and a slow dissolution of the framework Al (FAL) atoms of bridging OH groups and structure defects. Steaming at high temperatures (500–700 °C) causes both an extraction of FAL atoms and a significant increase in the degree of polymerization of the EFAL species. A quantitative distribution of the various Al species of the parent HBEA zeolite was established. The nature of the hydroxylated Al species responsible for the IR bands in the OH region was specified: the band at 3607 cm –1 was ascribed to bridging OH groups responsible for the Brønsted acidity, that at 3660 cm –1 to monomeric and polymeric EFAL species, that at 3680 cm –1 to hydroxylated EFAL clusters resulting from acid extraction of Lewis framework defects; that at 3780 cm –1 to both monomeric EFAL species and framework defects with Lewis acidity.
Book reviews (1990)

Nikolai Chemyshevskii, What Is To Be Done?, translated by Michael R. Katz, annotated by William G. Wagner, introduction by Katz and Wagner. Ithaca, NY and London: Cornell University Press, 1989. Pp.x + 449; introduction; notes; bibliography. Leonid Andreyev, Photographs by a Russian Writer. An Undiscovered Portrait of Pre‐Revolutionary Russia. Edited and introduced by Richard Davies with a foreword by Olga Andreyev Carlisle. London: Thames and Hudson, 1989. Pp. 144; 110 illustrations, 80 in colour; index. £16.95. Benjamin Pinkus, The Jews of the Soviet Union. The History of a National Minority. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. Pp.xviii + 397; notes; bibliography; index. £30. Olga Crisp and Linda Edmondson (eds.), Civil Rights in Imperial Russia. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989. Pp.ix + 321; notes; index. £30. Donald J. Raleigh (ed.), A Russian Civil War Diary: Alexis Babine in Saratov, 1917–1922. Durham, NO Duke University Press, 1988. Pp.xxiv + 240; illustrations; notes; maps; index. £23.95. Margaret Dewar, The Quiet Revolutionary. London: Bookmarks, 1989. Pp.224. £5.95 (paperback only). C. Martin Wilbur and Julie Lien‐ying How, Missionaries of Revolution: Soviet Advisers and Nationalist China, 1920–27. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 1989. Pp.xii + 904. Vladimir Andrle, Workers in Stalin's Russia. Industrialization and Social Change in a Planned Economy. Hemel Hampstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1988. Pp.xii + 243; notes; index. NP. Tony Cliff, Trotsky: Towards October 1879–1917. London: Bookmarks, 1989. Pp.324; notes; index. £6.99. Nurit Schleifman, Undercover Agents in the Russian Revolutionary Movement: The SR Party, 1902–14. London: Macmillan, 1988. Pp.xvii + 222; notes; index. £29.50. Ezra Mendelsohn and Marshall S. Shatz (eds.), Imperial Russia 1700–1917: State, Society, Opposition: Essays in Honor of Marc Raeff. DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press, 1988 (1989 in UK). Pp.xiv + 316; illustration; notes. £31.50.
The taming of absorption: generating a constant intensity beam in a lossy medium (2012)

We report the first observation (to our best knowledge) of a constant intensity, quasi-Bessel/nondiffracting beam in an absorbing medium generated by a novel optical element, "exicon," or exponential intensity axicon. Such absorption-compensated and diffraction-resistant beams can find applications in illumination, remote sensing, free-space communications, imaging in biological tissues, nonlinear optics, and other situations where absorption and diffraction hinder light propagation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Bromo‐4‐isoxazolin‐3‐ones: Application of Bromine ‐ N,N‐ Dimethylacetamide Complex. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An improved method for labelling of DNA probes by nicktranslation (1986)

Journal Article An improved method for labelling of DNA probes by nicktranslation Get access J. Koch, J. Koch Institute of Human Genetics, University of Aarhus8000 Aarhus, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. Kølvraa, S. Kølvraa Institute of Human Genetics, University of Aarhus8000 Aarhus, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. Bolund L. Bolund Institute of Human Genetics, University of Aarhus8000 Aarhus, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 14, Issue 17, 11 September 1986, Page 7132, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/14.17.7132 Published: 11 September 1986 Article history Received: 28 July 1986 Published: 11 September 1986
Valence Electron EELS Spectroscopy on Nanoparticle Surfaces (1999)

Abstract A series of recent experiments, using electron as well as photon probes [1-3], have attracted considerable interest on the importance of surface plasmon modes in nanostructured media such as nanospheres, nanotubes, nanowires, nanopores or nanoholes. The basic principle for STEM operation had early been recognized to be well suited to the investigation of cases where non penetrating electrons propagate at a given impact parameter from an external surface (along "aloof7 trajectories, using a terminology proposed by Warmack et al. [4]). One of the most spectacular effect is that signals attributed to the excitation of-surface plasmon modes could be detected in vacuum at distances as large as a few tens of nanometers from the outside surface of a specimen, see for instance [5] for the planar geometry and [6], for the spherical one. Most interpretations accounting for the spatial dependence of EELS spectra in the "aloof geometries, rely on models using the bulk dielectric coefficients of the material to describe the induced charges and polarization responsible for the specimen electric field acting on the probe electron and consequently for the measured energy loss.
Kinase-mediated regulation of common transcription factors accounts for the bone-protective effects of sex steroids (2003)

It has been found that 4-estren-3α,17β-diol, a synthetic ligand for the estrogen receptor (ER) or androgen receptor (AR), which does not affect classical transcription, reverses bone loss in ovariectomized females or orchidectomized males without affecting the uterus or seminal vesicles, demonstrating that the classical genotropic actions of sex steroid receptors are dispensable for their bone-protective effects, but indispensable for their effects on reproductive organs. We have now investigated the mechanism of action of this compound. We report that, identically to 17β-estradiol or dihydrotestosterone, but differently from raloxifene, estren alters the activity of Elk-1, CCAAT enhancer binding protein–β (C/EBPβ), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate–response element binding protein (CREB), or c-Jun/c-Fos by an extranuclear action of the ER or AR, resulting in activation of the Src/Shc/ERK pathway or downregulation of JNK, respectively. All of these effects are non–sex specific, require only the ligand-binding domain of the receptor, and are indispensable for the antiapoptotic action of these ligands on osteoblastic and HeLa cells. Moreover, administration of 17β-estradiol or 4-estren-3α,17β-diol to ovariectomized mice induces phosphorylation of ERKs, Elk-1, and C/EBPβ, downregulates c-Jun, and upregulates the expression of egr-1, an ERK/SRE target gene. Kinase-initiated regulation of commonly used transcription factors offers a molecular explanation for the profound skeletal effects of sex steroid receptor ligands, including synthetic ones that are devoid of classical transcriptional activity.
A crosstalk between E2F1 and GLP-1 signaling pathways modulates insulin secretion (2021)

Abstract Compromised β-cell function contributes to type 2 diabetes (T2D) development. The glucagon like peptide 1 (Glp-1) has emerged as a hormone with broad pharmacological potential toward T2D treatment, notably by improving β-cell functions. Recent data have shown that the transcription factor E2f1, besides its role as a cell cycle regulator, is involved in glucose homeostasis by modulating β-cell mass, function and identity. Here, we demonstrate a crosstalk between the E2F1, phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (pRb) and Glp-1 signaling pathways. We found that β-cell specific E2f1 deficient mice ( E2f1 β−/− ) presented with impaired glucose homeostasis and decreased glucose stimulated-insulin secretion mediated by exendin 4 ( i . e ., GLP1R agonist), which were associated with decreased expression of Glp1r encoding Glp-1 receptor (GLP1R) in E2f1 β−/− pancreatic islets. Decreasing E2F1 transcriptional activity with an E2F inhibitor in islets from nondiabetic humans decreased GLP1R levels and blunted the incretin effect of exendin 4 on insulin secretion. Conversely, overexpressing E2f1 in pancreatic β cells increased Glp1r expression associated with enhanced insulin secretion mediated by GLP1R agonist. Interestingly, kinome analysis of mouse islets demonstrated that an acute treatment with exendin 4 increased pRb phosphorylation and subsequent E2f1 transcriptional activity. This study suggests a molecular crosstalk between the E2F1/pRb and GLP1R signaling pathways that modulates insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis.