gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Late-Season Seed Production in Arable Weed Communities: Management Implications (2012)

Late-season weed escapes are often ignored because they rarely cause crop yield penalty. Traditional weed management recommendations are based on the economic threshold (ET) approach, wherein management is required if the predicted current-season yield loss is greater than the cost of control interventions. While ET-based weed management can reduce current-season production costs and promote farmland biodiversity, it does not consider the long-term biological and economic consequences associated with late-season weed seed production. An important concern is that late-season weed seed production will replenish the soil seedbank, ensuring future weed problems. In the context of herbicide resistance evolution, allowing late-season weed seed production can be problematic because the probabilities of occurrence of resistant mutants rise with increases in seed production. A key component of herbicide resistance mitigation and management is preventing seed production and buildup of the soil seedbank. Late-season weed management efforts constitute additional expenses to growers, which cannot be recouped in that growing season, but any such investment must be weighed against the perceived long-term benefits. It appears that management of late-season weed escapes is valuable in a number of situations, and the degree to which management interventions should be employed can be case-specific. Adoption of economic optimum thresholds (EOTs), which can be established using bio-economic models, will be useful for making management decisions for late-season weed escapes. In systems vulnerable to herbicide resistance evolution, bio-economic resistance thresholds (BERTs) will be appropriate and bio-economic resistance models (BERMs) will be helpful for establishing such thresholds for specific production scenarios. Management considerations for late-season weed escapes are discussed, and knowledge gaps for future research are identified.
THE REACTION OF ETHYLENE OXIDE WITH ACETYLENIC GRIGNARD REAGENTS (1934)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE REACTION OF ETHYLENE OXIDE WITH ACETYLENIC GRIGNARD REAGENTSJames P. Danehy, Richard R. Vogt, and J. A. NieuwlandCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1934, 56, 12, 2790Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1934Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1934https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01327a514https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01327a514research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views37Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Proliferation of megakaryocytic precursor cells (CFU-M) in a micro-agar culture system]. (1984)

The recently described micro-agar culture system for cloning erythropoietic progenitor cells was used to study the optimum conditions for the growth of CFU-M. In this system human mononuclear cells from normal human bone marrow were suspended in agar and incubated for 12 days. Various concentrations of phytohaemagglutinin lymphocyte conditioned medium (PHA-LCM) and prostaglandin E (PGE) were added to the liquid overlayer in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) for the stimulation of CFU-M. Human AB serum was used instead of fetal calf serum (FCS) in all experiments. A sigmoidal dose-response curve, with a plateau at a concentration of 5 to 10%, was obtained by the addition of different concentrations of PHA-LCM in the presence of 10(-6)PG-E. Under optimal conditions (5% PHA-LCM, PGE 10(-6)M) a linear relation was obtained between the number of seeded cells and the megakaryocytic colonies formed. For routine morphological analysis the whole agar layer was stained using the Pappenheim method. For further characterization of CFU-M, an immunofluorescence test with rabbit antihuman factor VIII related antigen was performed on the whole agar layer.
Supervision system for conflict avoidance in multi-robot tasks (2003)

A system that supervises the time and space evolution of trajectories followed by all robots and other machines that share the same working area, called the supervision system, is described. The supervision system uses the information acquired by the suitable position sensors to analyze these trajectories. The incompatibility functions with respect to other machines have to be taken into account to perform this analysis. These incompatibilities are learned by the system during the training phase. In the operating phase, each trajectory is tracked by the supervision system and continuously compared with one or more functions previously memorized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of a Soybean Isoflavone Mixture on Carcinogenesis in Prostate and Seminal Vesicles of F344 Rats (1999)

Several epidemiological studies have suggested an inverse association between the risk of prostate cancer and intake of soybeans and their products. In vitro data pointing to possible anti-carcinogenic properties of the soybean isoflavone, genistein, led us to investigate the chemopreventive potential of soybean isoflavones in a rat carcinogenesis model induced by 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl (DMAB) and testosterone propionate (TP). Animals received DMAB s.c. injections at 2-week intervals for the first 20 weeks and implanted silicon tubes containing 40 mg of TP, replaced at 6-week intervals throughout the experiment. The soybean isoflavone mixture consisting of 74% genistein and 21% daidzein was mixed in basal diet (AIN-76A) at concentrations of 100 and 400 ppm and fed to F344 male rats throughout the experiment. Rats treated with carcinogens and administered isoflavone mixture at 100 and 400 ppm developed adenocarcinomas at incidences of 35% and 29%, respectively, in the prostate and seminal vesicles, whereas the figure was 60% for those maintained on control diet. Feeding of the isoflavone mixture at 100 and 400 ppm significantly inhibited the number of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in adenocarcinomas of the accessory sex glands as compared to those of rats fed control diet. No influence on the development of neoplastic lesions originating in other organs was noted. The results of this study provide evidence that soybean isoflavones may have potential as chemopreventive agents against carcinogenesis in the prostate.
NF-κB-dependent fractalkine induction in rat aortic endothelial cells stimulated by IL-1β, TNF-α, and LPS (2000)

Fractalkine is an endothelial cell-derived CX3C chemokine that is chemotactic mainly to mononuclear cells. Fractalkine was induced in rat aortic endothelial cells (RAEC) by interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) transcriptionally and translationally. This induction correlated with increased NF-kappaB DNA binding activity as determined by gel mobility shift assay. Supershift assays revealed that the NF-kappaB subunits p50 and p65 were responsible for kappaB binding. Accordingly, we examined the role of NF-kappaB in fractalkine induction in RAEC through the use of an adenovirus-mediated mutant IkappaB as a specific inhibitor. Delivery of a dominant-negative form of IkappaBalpha in RAEC dramatically reduced the induction of fractalkine by these stimuli, suggesting a role for NF-kappaB activation in fractalkine induction. The inhibition of fractalkine expression by two potent NF-kappaB inhibitors, sulfasalazine and sanguinarine, further supported the central role of NF-kappaB in fractalkine transcription regulation and suggested a novel therapeutic target aimed at modulating leukocyte endothelial cell interaction.
Determination of sodium in ultrapure silicon and silicon dioxide films by activation analysis (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of sodium in ultrapure silicon and silicon dioxide films by activation analysisJames F. Osborne, Graydon B. Larrabee, and Victor. HarrapCite this: Anal. Chem. 1967, 39, 10, 1144–1148Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60254a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60254a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views75Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Kjønns- og aldersforskjeller ved bruk av psykofarmaka (2012)

The study suggests that when prescribing drugs, Norwegian physicians do not take sufficient account of the effect of age and gender on the pharmacokinetics of antidepressant drugs.
The HRDC domain of E. coli RecQ helicase controls single-stranded DNA translocation and double-stranded DNA unwinding rates without affecting mechanoenzymatic coupling (2015)

DNA-restructuring activities of RecQ-family helicases play key roles in genome maintenance. These activities, driven by two tandem RecA-like core domains, are thought to be controlled by accessory DNA-binding elements including the helicase-and-RnaseD-C-terminal (HRDC) domain. The HRDC domain of human Bloom's syndrome (BLM) helicase was shown to interact with the RecA core, raising the possibility that it may affect the coupling between ATP hydrolysis, translocation along single-stranded (ss)DNA and/or unwinding of double-stranded (ds)DNA. Here, we determined how these activities are affected by the abolition of the ssDNA interaction of the HRDC domain or the deletion of the entire domain in E. coli RecQ helicase. Our data show that the HRDC domain suppresses the rate of DNA-activated ATPase activity in parallel with those of ssDNA translocation and dsDNA unwinding, regardless of the ssDNA binding capability of this domain. The HRDC domain does not affect either the processivity of ssDNA translocation or the tight coupling between the ATPase, translocation, and unwinding activities. Thus, the mechanochemical coupling of E. coli RecQ appears to be independent of HRDC-ssDNA and HRDC-RecA core interactions, which may play roles in more specialized functions of the enzyme.
The static and Dynamic NMR spectra of 4,4′‐bis(<i>N</i>‐isopropyl‐<i>N</i>‐nitrosoamino)biphenyl, a four‐site exchange problem (1986)

Abstract The 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra of 4,4′‐bis( N ‐isopropyl‐ N ‐nitrosoamino)biphenyl at 22°C were consistent with the presence of three isomers due to slow rotation about the N—N bonds of the two N ‐nitroso groups. The structures of the three isomers were assigned by means of their symmetries and from the known effects of the two orientations of the N ‐nitroso group on 1 H and 13 C NMR chemical shifts. Each conversion of an N ‐nitroso group from anti to syn to an aryl group was associated with the same free energy difference (0.26 kcal mol −1 ) after symmetry corrections were made. The changes in the 13 C NMR spectra recorded from 95 to 150°C were simulated using a program for classical four‐site exchange. The potential barrier to rotation was calculated to be 20.76±0.06 kcal mol −1 at 400 K.
Shaping bio-inspired nanotechnologies to target thrombosis for dual optical-magnetic resonance imaging (2015)

Arterial and venous thrombosis are among the most common causes of death and hospitalization worldwide. Nanotechnology approaches hold great promise for molecular imaging and diagnosis as well as tissue-targeted delivery of therapeutics. In this study, we developed and investigated bioengineered nanoprobes for identifying thrombus formation; the design parameters of nanoparticle shape and surface chemistry, i.e. incorporation of fibrin-binding peptides CREKA and GPRPP, were investigated. Two nanoparticle platforms based on plant viruses were studied - icosahedral cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) and elongated rod-shaped tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). These particles were loaded to carry contrast agents for dual-modality magnetic resonance (MR) and optical imaging, and both modalities demonstrated specificity of fibrin binding <i>in vitro</i> with the presence of targeting peptides. Preclinical studies in a carotid artery photochemical injury model of thrombosis confirmed thrombus homing of the nanoprobes, with the elongated TMV rods exhibiting significantly greater attachment to thrombi than icosahedral (sphere-like) CPMV. While <i>in vitro</i> studies confirmed fibrin-specificity conferred by the peptide ligands, <i>in vivo</i> studies indicated the nanoparticle shape had the greatest contribution toward thrombus targeting, with no significant contribution from either targeting ligand. These results demonstrate that nanoparticle shape plays a critical role in particle deposition at the site of vascular injury. Shaping nanotechnologies opens the door for the development of novel targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies (i.e., theranostics) for arterial and venous thrombosis.
Subpicosecond Exciton Dynamics in Polyfluorene Films from Experiment and Microscopic Theory (2015)

Electronic energy transfer (EET) in organic materials is a key mechanism that controls the efficiency of many processes, including light harvesting antennas in natural and artificial photosynthesis, organic solar cells, and biological systems. In this paper we have examined EET in solid-state thin-films of polyfluorene, a prototypical conjugated polymer, with ultrafast photoluminescence experiments and theoretical modeling. We observe EET occurring on a 680 ± 300 fs time scale by looking at the depolarisation of photoluminescence. An independent, predictive microscopic theoretical model is built by defining 125 000 chromophores containing both spatial and energetic disorder appropriate for a spin-coated thin film. The model predicts time-dependent exciton dynamics, without any fitting parameters, using the incoherent Förster-type hopping model. Electronic coupling between the chromophores is calculated by an improved version of the usual line-dipole model for resonant energy transfer. Without the need for higher level interactions, we find that the model is in general agreement with the experimentally observed 680 ± 300 fs depolarisation caused by EET. This leads us to conclude that femtosecond EET in polyfluorene can be described well by conventional resonant energy transfer, as long as the relevant microscopic parameters are well captured. The implications of this finding are that dipole–dipole resonant energy transfer can in some circumstances be fully adequate to describe ultrafast EET without needing to invoke strong or intermediate coupling mechanisms.
Resource allocation based on handoff prediction in WCDMA (2003)

Resource allocation in wireless cellular systems depends on the multiple access technique used (TDMA, CDMA) and varies upon traffic distribution in the cellular environment. In CDMA systems, all users that monitor several strong carriers should apply a soft handoff procedure. Typically, these users are located in cell overlapping regions. In a soft handoff state, a user is connected simultaneously to more than one cell and consequently uses more resources. On the other hand, studies show that a user's movements in a cellular network can be predictable. We apply a resource allocation strategy based on handoff prediction by using mobile agents. A mobile agents-based framework is used to enable handoff prediction and provides parameters to the applied resource allocation scheme. By simulation, we compute the gain obtained in terms of call blocking and handoff failures.
Landfilling: Operation and Monitoring (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Technical Operation Environmental Procedures Landfill Monitoring References
Adaptive reduction of motion artifact in the electrocardiogram (2002)

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is the body-surface manifestation of the electrical potentials produced by the heart. The ECG is acquired by placing electrodes on the patient's skin. Motion artifact is the noise that results from motion of the electrode in relation to the patient's skin. Motion artifact can produce large amplitude signals in the ECG that may be misinterpreted by clinicians and automated systems resulting in misdiagnosis, prolonged procedure duration, and delayed or inappropriate treatment decisions. Motion artifact reduction is an unsolved problem because its frequency spectrum overlaps that of the ECG. This paper presents initial results of a novel approach to reducing ECG motion artifact. The hypothesis is that motion artifact can be reduced using electrode motion as the reference signal to an adaptive filter. Electrode motion was measured with two custom-developed sensors that utilized anisotropic magnetoresistive sensors and accelerometers. Motion artifact was induced by manually pushing on the electrode, pushing on the skin around the electrode, and pulling on the lead wire. Using an adaptive filter and the motion signal, the induced motion artifact was reduced in all data sets.
Grassmannian Signatures for CDMA Systems (2005)

Codebooks constructed from Welch bound equality (WBE) sequences have been show to be optimal in terms of sum capacity in synchronous CDMA systems. Unfortunately, these codebooks are a function of the number of active signatures and need to be reassigned as the number of active users changes to maintain optimality. To mitigate the problems caused by the loss of the Welch bound equality property, in this paper we propose a special subclass of WBE sequences for which the interference power experienced by each user depends only on the number of active users and the dimensions of the code. In deference to the relationship with Grassmannian line packing, we refer to this as a Grassmannian signature set. We study the interference properties of this set, comment on the sequence design problem, and illustrate improvements over arbitrary WBE sequence sets via simulation.
FLOW CYTOMETRY BASELINE ON PERIPHERAL LEUKOCYTE CELL PROFILES FOR DAIRY GOAT KIDS (2013)

Small ruminants, like goats, would make excellent animal models for not only infectious diseases in large ruminants but also analogous diseases in humans, such as human tuberculosis, Crohn's disease, melioidosis and brucellosis. The main disadvantage for the small ruminant model is the lack of sufficient baseline data on normal, healthy goat kids. Furthermore, most reagents (antibodies and the like) were not developed for goats or sheep. It is important to demonstrate that available resources, especially from the bovine system, cross-react with the caprine and/or ovine system. Finally, potential breed differences have to be evaluated before goat or sheep studies are compared. In this study, leukocyte cell populations were defined in twenty-six dairy goat kids via flow cytometry. We report no significant differences between three breeds of dairy goat kids and demonstrate the effective use of various antibodies for caprine immune cell markers. No breed-specific differences were detected for any leukocyte cell population or for markers specific for various antigen-presenting cells or T cell populations. Interestingly, however, statistical significant differences were found for leukocyte cell populations for the two different time points two weeks apart presented in this study.
Ascorbic Acid and Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin) in the Diet of Broilers Maintained Under Heat Stress Conditions (1988)

Male broiler chicks were grown to 21 days of age under normal conditions, then placed in environmental chambers maintained under constant (24 C) or cyclic (24 to 35 C) heat conditions. Chicks were acclimated for 1 wk on a standard grower basal diet. Standard grower basal diets were fortified with 0, 125, 250, 500, or 1,000 ppm coated ascorbic acid (AA) or 0, 125, 250, or 500 ppm acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Test diets were fed for 14 days in two separate studies. Cyclic heat conditions reduced feed intake and significantly reduced weight gains in both trials. Feed efficiency was not significantly affected by heat stress. Neither AA or ASA had beneficial effects on broiler growth or feed efficiency.
Characterization of Metabolic Differences between Benign and Malignant Tumors: High-Spectral-Resolution Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy (2009)

The SRDS method revealed localized tumor biomarkers specific to pathologic state.
Luminescence Change by the Solvent of Crystallization, Solvent Reorganization, and Vapochromism of Neutral Dicyanoruthenium(II) Complex in the Solid State (2010)

The "solvent effect" on the solid-state luminescence of a neutral complex, [Ru(dbb)(2)(CN)(2)] (dbb = 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine), was presented. The crystals of this complex showed a variety of luminescence color from orange to dark-red, depending on the acceptor number of the solvent included in the crystal as a solvent of crystallization. The luminescence change was very similar to the solvatochromism in solution, which was attributed to the local donor-acceptor interaction between the CN group and the solvent molecules. The dynamic shift observed in the transient emission spectrum of the crystalline powder was accounted for by the solvent molecule reorganization. X-ray crystallography of [Ru(dbb)(2)(CN)(2)].3(CH(3))(2)CO showed the complex molecule having an approximate C(2) symmetry and very weak interactions between the acetone molecules and the CN groups. A three-dimensional network constructed by acetone molecules was observed in the hydrophobic space consisting of t-butyl groups in dbb ligands. A thin film of the complex showed vapochromic behavior such that the luminescence changed depending on the solvent of crystallization. This suggests a capability for organic molecule discrimination using the complex in the solid state.
Characterization with EEG and eye tracking of the impact of timeontask on a UAV operator (2016)

Boredom, mind wandering and mental fatigue are common issues in operational UAV supervision control. They can lead to a lack of situational awareness. We propose to characterize them using physiological sensors in order to perform real time monitoring and apply countermeasures in later experiments.