gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection oF Pattern-Sensitive Faults in Random-Access Memories (1975)

Some formal models for pattern-sensitive faults (PSF's) in random-access memories are presented. The problem of detecting unrestricted PSF's is that of constructing a checking sequence for the memory. An efficient procedure for constructing such a checking sequence is presented. A local PSF is defined as a PSF where the faulty behavior of a memory cell C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</inf> depends on a fixed group of cells called the neighborhood of C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</inf> . Neighborhoods are divided into two classes, open and closed. Test generation methods are described for local PSF's defined on both open and closed neighborhoods. The detection of PSF's when only one memory cell is faulty (single PSF's) is also discussed.
Teaching an old Robot New Tricks (2024)

Abstract This paper describes challenges and solutions in maintaining and developing applications for an industrial robot, Mitsubishi's Movemaster RV-M2, with changing computer technologies. This all-electric robot was used for over 20 years to teach undergraduate engineering students robotics concepts and applications. Originally, the robot's controller was connected via a 9-pin serial port to an 8088-based PC. The operating systems was DOS (Disk Operating System) and the program used to send the commands to the robot was Q-Basic. As the PC technology continued to evolve, the Windows operating system became increasingly unfriendly with respect to DOS applications. Also, the PC motherboard architecture advances abandoned serial ports (RS232) in favor of USB ports. The only ways to continue using serial ports was by purchasing separate serial port cards, or by using USB-to-RS232 converters (not always compatible with the robot's controller). The Command Prompt (a DOS style window) of Windows 7 32 bits was the last operating system allowing Q-Basic to run. With an inrush of Windows 7 64-bit applications, an upgrade to this system (to Windows 7 64-bit) rendered Q-Basic incompatible. DosBox program, a wrapper, was the temporary solution to this problem. Q-Basic could still run under DosBox, but DosBox requires administrative privileges to the PC, which students were not allowed to have. So, at this stage, an instructor with administrative privileges would log into the PC, start DosBox and Q-Basic allowing students to enter their programs controlling the robot. This was not a satisfactory solution because it didn't allow students to develop their programs on their own time. Also, a DOS-based programming environment had a look-and-feel of an archaic design. Students often asked, "Is this robot older than me?" Finally, a MatLab program was developed for sending robotic commands to the robot controller. Students were already familiar with MatLab, since they used it in their first-year programming course, and then reinforced their MatLab programming skills in other subsequent engineering courses. Also, students could write their programs in many other computer labs that have MatLab installed. From individual student interviews, informal student discussions, and a student satisfaction survey, we conclude that this old robot is still popular (one of these robots was featured in the movie "Jurassic Park") and capable of helping students improve their robot programming skills.
Polymer removal from electronic grade single-walled carbon nanotubes after gel electrophoresis (2013)

Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWNTs) are attractive candidates for next-generation printable semiconductors. However, all current synthesis methods produce s-SWNTs which are co-mingled with metallic (m-) SWNTs. Agarose gel electrophoresis has been reported to be an effective technique for the separation of s-SWNTs from m-SWNTs but removal of the agarose gel after separation has proved to be non-trivial. To remove agarose and the organic dispersing agent, specifically chondroitin sulfate in this work, from sorted s-SWNTs obtained by agarose gel electrophoresis, we employ the multi-step process involving a chlorosulfonic acid (HSO3Cl) wash, a base wash and thermal annealing. Herein, we report the detailed analysis of the effects of the various steps for gel removal from SWNTs by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), FTIR-TGA, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The polymer-contaminated s-SWNTs were dissolved in HSO3Cl, then selectively precipitated in a large excess of water, then washed with a base (NaOH) and finally thermally annealed. A detailed analysis confirmed that the final annealed samples contained almost no residual polymers. Field effect transistors were also fabricated from the annealed s-SWNTs and they showed good performance metrics with on/off ratio and mobility in the ∼102 to 106 and ∼2.5–9.5 cm2 V−1 s−1 ranges, respectively. Our method of gel electrophoresis and chlorosulfonic acid treatment produces clean and defect-free tubes which may be used for electronic applications.
A low power 50 MHz FFT processor with cyclic extension and shaping filter (2002)

This paper presents the architecture, design and implementation of a 16 point FFT processor for a high speed wireless local area network. The 110000-transistor chip is implemented in 0.6 /spl mu/m TLM CMOS, operates worst case at 50 MHz at a supply voltage of 2.5 volts, and consumes 80 mW.
Cytotoxic properties of DAB486EGF and DAB389EGF, epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor-targeted fusion toxins. (1991)

Elevated expression of the receptor for epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a characteristic of several malignancies including those of the breast, bladder, prostate, lung, and neuroglia.To therapeutically target the cytotoxic action of diphtheria toxin to EGF receptorexpressing tumor cells, we have constructed a hybrid gene in which the sequences for the binding domain of diphtheria toxin have been replaced by those for human EGF.The resulting fusion toxins, DAB4saEGF and DAB~E~EGF, bind specifically to the EGF receptor and inhibit protein synthesis in a variety of EGF receptor expressing human tumor cell lines with an IC60 as low as 0.1 PM.Comparisons of DAB4ssEGF and DAB3,,EGF showed that DAB3,,EGF was consistently 10-to 100fold more cytotoxic than DAB4seEGF.Like diphtheria toxin, the cytotoxic action of DAB3,sEGF results from ADP-ribosylation of elongation factor-2 and is sensitive to the action of chloroquine.Studies of the kinetics of cellular intoxication showed that a 16-min exposure of EGF receptor-expressing A43 1 cells to DAB38sEGF results in complete protein synthesis inhibition within 4 h.Furthermore, inhibition of protein synthesis results in elimination of human tumor cell colonies.These findings show that DABsB9EGF is a potential therapeutic agent for a wide variety of EGF receptor-expressing solid tumors.Epidermal growth factor (EGF)' is a 53-amino acid single chain polypeptide which stimulates cellular proliferation upon interaction with specific receptors expressed on cells of epidermal and mesenchymal origin (1).The EGF receptor is a glycoprotein composed of an extracellular ligand binding domain, a membrane-spanning region, and an inner domain possessing intrinsic protein tyrosine kinase activity.It is encoded by the human counterpart of the avian protooncogene c-erbB and the internal and transmembrane domains share extensive homology with the v-erbB oncogene (2).Transforming growth factor-a (TGF-a), a molecule structurally related to EGF and secreted by various tumor tissues, is also a ligand for the EGF receptor (3).Tumor tissue expression of EGF receptors, EGF, and TGF-a suggests that an autocrine growth
Zygotic and embryonic gene expression in cow: a review of timing and mechanisms of early gene expression as compared with other species (2000)

Early embryonic development is largely dependent on maternal RNAs and proteins synthesised during oogenesis. Zygotic transcription is an essential event that occurs at a species-specific time after fertilization. In the absence of zygotic transcription the embryo dies since it can no longer support requirements for successful embryo development. Molecular genetics of gene expression during early embryogenesis, especially in the bovine species, remain one of the unsolved questions in modern biology. Earlier studies suggested that embryonic transcription in cattle begins at the late 4-cell or 8-cell stage. However, more recent studies suggest that bovine zygotes and 2-cell embryos are both transcriptionally and translationally active. Moreover, changes in chromatin structure due to acetylation of core histones and DNA replication play important roles in the regulation of zygotic/embryonic gene expression. This review will summarise results of recent studies about the timing and mechanisms of zygotic/embryonic gene expression in cattle. In addition, terminology in the literature regarding gene expression during early embryogenesis will be clarified. These terminologies include: 'zygotic/embryonic gene expression', 'maternal to embryonic transition in control of development (MET)' and 'zygotic/embryonic genome activation (ZEGA)'.
Studies on Soybean Trypsin Inhibitors (1973)

For the elucidation of amino acid sequence around the reactive site of soybean trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz), fragments A and B were digested with trypsin, and the resulting peptides were separated by ion‐exchange chromatography on Dowex 50X2 or by gel filtration on Bio‐Gel P‐4. Further purification of the peptides was carried out by gel nitration on Sephadex G‐25 or by high‐voltage paper electrophoresis at pH 3.6 and 6.5. Nine peptides were obtained in pure form from fragment A and three peptides from fragment B, and their amino acid sequences were determined by the direct Edman method and by carboxy‐peptidase digestion technique. Overlapping peptides necessary for the alignment of the tryptic peptides from fragments A and B were obtained from a chymotryptic hydrolysate of fragment AB by gel filtration on Bio‐Gel P‐4, and their amino acid compositions and sequence analyses of some peptides made it possible to establish the amino acid sequence of an amino‐terminal region of the inhibitor consisting of 84 amino acid residues. The reactive site (Arg 63 ‐Ile 64 ) of the inhibitor to trypsin was involved in this region.
4‐Iodo‐1,3,5,7‐tetramethyl‐1,3,5,7‐tetraaza‐4λ<sup>5</sup>‐phosphaspiro[3.3]heptane‐2,6‐dione: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the First Iodophosphorane (1988)

A trigonal-bipyramidally coordinated P atom is the characteristic structural element of the title compound 2, which can be synthesized from the readily available 1 by Cl/I exchange. The crystals of 2 are pale yellow at −30°C, but at room temperature light brown; they decompose above 50°C. The P-I bond, which is without precedent, is 245.8(3) pm long.
ChemInform Abstract: In situ IR Spectroscopic Study of the Surface Species During Methylation of Toluene Over HZSM‐5. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Using Synthesis Techniques in SAT Solvers. (2004)

In many application domains in VLSI CAD, like formal verification or test pattern generation, the problem to be solved can be formulated as an instance of satisfiability (SAT). The SAT instance in this cases is usually derived from a circuit description.
Meiotic chromosome segregation in human t(11;22)(q23;q11) carriers: a theoretical consideration (1989)

The t(11;22)(q23;q11) translocation is the most frequently encountered familial reciprocal translocation in humans. In the majority of reported cases ascertainment has been through the birth of a child with the chromosomal constitution 47,XX,+der(22) or 47,XY,+der(22), i.e., tertiary trisomy. Previous segregation analysis of familial cases showed a number of interesting features. Thus, euploid unbalanced genotypes resulting from adjacent segregation are absent in the progeny, and only tertiary trisomic offspring are recovered. To explain this unusual progeny output we present here a model for the meiotic behavior of this translocation in the carriers based on an analysis of cytogenetic data of progeny of carriers. This model predicts the formation of a chain trivalent with chromosome order 11-der(11)-22 during prophase I and its predominant alternate orientation at metaphase I.
Sequence and Antigenic Variability of the <i>Helicobacter mustelae</i> Surface Ring Protein Hsr (2001)

We have identified an array of more than 500 repetitive sequences flanking the hsr gene, which encodes the major surface protein of the ferret pathogen Helicobacter mustelae. The repeats show identity exclusively to the amino-terminal half of Hsr. Analysis of Hsr from three strains indicated variability of exposed epitopes. Characterization of an hsr mutant showed that Hsr is not an adhesin.
Réalisation d'un réflecto-polarimètre hertzien à turnstile à un seul détecteur. Mise en évidence de divers phénomènes magnéto-hertziens dont l'effet Kerr polaire (1964)

L'auteur décrit un réflecto-polarimètre hertzien d'un type nouveau à un seul cristal. Cet appareil de grande sensibilité, a une sensibilité qui croît avec la puissance. Il a pu mettre en évidence les phénomènes de réflection dans les sels paramagnétiques en champ transverse et l'effet Kerr hertzien polaire dans les sels paramagnétiques.
Studies on Chloramphenicol. XIII (1952)

Nitration of the threo-N-acetylated and erythro-N-benzoylated compounds of 1-phenyl-1-methoxy-2-amino-3-propanol with nitric and sulfuric acids results in the nitration of the hydroxyls in the p- and 3-positions of the benzene nucleus, and their hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid gives threo- and erythro-1-p-nitrophenyl-1-methoxy-2-amino-3-propanol hydrochloride. Solvation of threo-3-p-nitrophenyl-3-methoxy-2-acetamido-1-propyl nitrate in hot water results in the formation of threo-1-p-nitrophenyl-1-methoxy-2-amino-3-acetoxypropane nitrate whose treatment with alkali gives. threo-1-p-nitrophenyl-1-methoxy-2-acetamido-3-propanol. The hydrolysis of the latter with hydrochloric acid gives threo-1-p-nitrophenyl-1-methoxy-2-amino-3-propanol hydrochloride, in a good yield.
Analysis of an anomalous hump in gate current after dynamic negative bias stress in Hf<sub>x</sub>Zr<sub>1-x</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/metal gate p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (2012)

This letter investigates a hump in gate current after dynamic negative bias stress (NBS) in HfxZr1-xO2/metal gate p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. By measuring gate current under initial through body floating and source/drain floating, it shows that hole current flows from source/drain. The fitting of gate current-gate voltage characteristic curve demonstrates that Frenkel-Poole mechanism dominates the conduction. Next, by fitting the gate current after dynamic NBS, in the order of Frenkel-Poole then tunneling, the Frenkel-Poole mechanism can be confirmed. These phenomena can be attributed to hole trapping in high-k bulk and the electric field formula Ehigh-k εhigh-k = Q + Esio2εsio2.
Critical‐point drying versus freeze drying for scanning electron microscopy: a quantitative and qualitative study on isolated hepatocytes (1985)

Critical-point drying and freeze drying were compared both quantitatively and qualitatively as preparative procedures for scanning electron microscopy. Isolated hepatocytes were used as model cells. Nomarski differential interference contrast microscopy was used for light microscopic measurements of the hepatocytes in the unfixed, the glutaraldehyde fixed, the glutaraldehyde + OsO4 fixed, the critical-point dried and the freeze dried states. Critical-point dried hepatocytes were found to shrink to 38% of glutaraldehyde + OsO4 fixed volume, whereas optimal freeze dried hepatocytes (frozen in water saturated with chloroform and freeze dried at 183 K for 84 h) were found to shrink to 51% of glutaraldehyde + OsO4 fixed volume. Transmission and scanning electron micrographs of the critical-point dried cells showed well-preserved ultrastructure and surface structure. Micrographs of the freeze dried cells showed ultrastructure destroyed by internal ice crystals and surface structure destroyed by external ice crystals. Double-fixed isolated hepatocytes were shown to swell during storage in buffer and to shrink during storage after critical-point drying. For low magnification scanning electron microscopy (up to about 3000 times) both critical-point drying and freeze drying can be used. However, for high magnification scanning electron microscopy, critical-point drying is superior to freeze drying.
Stress Coping Behavior and Its Related Factors by Gender Differences in School Teachers: Especially Awareness of Duties, Type A Behavior, and Depression. (2002)

Focusing attention on gender differences in stress and stress coping behavior in school teachers, attempts were made to clarify their relationship to awareness of duties, the Type A behavior and depression which presents problems with respect to adaptation to their duties. Twelve elementary and 12 junior high schools in Okinawa Prefecture were selected at random, and was performed in 331 teachers (128 male and 203 female) who answered all questions listed in the coping inventory for stressful situations (CISS). 1) Task-oriented coping showed a significant positive correlation with age in both male and female. It was higher in married persons than in unmarried persons in both male and female, and was highest in married male. Emotion-oriented coping was significantly higher in female than in male and also in female elementary school teachers than female junior high school teachers. Avoidance-oriented coping was significant higher in female than in male, and showed a significant negative correlation with age regardless of gender. It was higher in unmarried female, class teachers, and female in good health. 2) The factors of busyness and disharmony related to awareness of duties were significantly higher in female. 3) Multiple regression analysis by sex was performed using factors showing a significant correlation with coping behavior as independent variables and each coping behavior as dependent variables. On each coping behavior, it may be related to some factors in both male and female, while it is shown by the results stress-coping behavior shows gender differences. The results of the present study suggest it is necessary to cope with health problems in teachers in consideration of their gender differences and that social support strategies, including those at workplace, are important to prevent or solve mental and physical health problems.
Particulate Traps Used in City-Buses in Switzerland (2000)

<span class="label">1</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Switzerland is enforcing the use of particulate traps for offroad applications like construction as well as for occupational health applications like tunneling. This decision is based on the results of the VERT-project (1994-1999), which included basic aerosol research, bench screening and field testing of promising solutions as well as the development of implementation tools like trap specification, certification scheems and field control measures.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">On the other hand there is no corresponding regulation for city-buses yet although PM 10 is about 2× above limit in most Swiss cities. Public pressure however is growing and city transport authorities have reacted by retrofitting Diesel city-buses instead of waiting for cleaner engine technology or CNG-conversions. The favored trap system with about 200 retrofits so far is the CRT. This system has successfully passed VERT-certification procedure revealing excellent filtration efficiency (&gt; 99 %) even for ultrafine particles 20-200 nm, low back pressure (&lt; 140 mbar) and continuous regeneration under most operating condition. NO<sub>2</sub>-slip seems relatively high which may be critical for use indoors - city bus application however seems ideal and is supported by a Swiss BUWAL field test campaign.</div>
Zero-bias anomalies in electrochemically fabricated nanojunctions (2003)

A streamlined technique for the electrochemical fabrication of metal nanojunctions (MNJs) between lithographically defined electrodes is presented. The first low-temperature transport measurements in such structures reveal suppression of the conductance near zero bias. The size of the zero-bias anomaly (ZBA) depends strongly on the fabrication electrochemistry and the dimensions of the resulting MNJ. We present evidence that the nonperturbative ZBA in atomic-scale junctions is due to a density of states suppression in the leads.
Ambient and transient bubble spectral densities in quiescent seas and under spilling breakers (1989)

Recently published observations, using laser holography near the ocean surface, have shown that the densities of 10 to 15 micron radius bubbles can be as high as 10 6 (per cubic meter per micron radius increment) within 3 m of the surface of quiescent seas, thereby supporting the acoustically derived values of two decades ago. The accumulated evidence suggests that these quiescent microbubble densities off the coast of California are proportional to a −4 for radius range 10 < a < 60 microns and a −2.5 for larger bubbles. A calibrated, floating, multi‐frequency, acoustical resonator has now been used to obtain the bubble spectrum for 9 radii from 30 to 240 microns, 25 cm under breaking waves in the open sea. At this depth, bubbles larger than 60 microns have a radius dependence approximately a −2.5 and smaller bubble densities vary approximately as a a −4 . Our densities are in good agreement with recently published laboratory studies of bubbles, using laser scattering under wind‐blown surfaces with about the same surface frictional velocity U *. Older, photographically derived densities at ocean depth 75 cm are close to the new data only over the limited range 50 to 100 microns. Past inconsistencies between acoustical results and optical results were apparently due to an inability of some optical techniques to identify small bubbles in the difficult ocean environment.
A predictive nutritional model for plant cells and hairy roots (2007)

A structured nutritional model is proposed to describe growth and nutritional behavior of Eschscholtzia californica suspension cells and Catharanthus roseus and Daucus carota hairy roots in in vitro culture. The model describes the cells specific growth rate from concentration of intracellular nutrients such as inorganic phosphate (Pi), nitrogen sources (NO(3) (-) and NH(4) (+)) and sugars. Two-level Michaelis-Menten kinetics are used to describe Pi and NO(3) (-) uptake and simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics for description of sugars uptake. Model parameters for each cell line were calibrated using data from batch cultures. The predictive capacity of the model was tested using data from medium exchange hairy root cultures. The model describes growth and nutritional behavior for the cell and hairy root lines. A sensitivity analysis was performed to identify critical model parameters and effect of initial conditions. The cell and hairy roots lines are also compared from their kinetic parameters. The kinetic model is efficient for describing and predicting growth and nutritional behaviors of suspension cells and hairy roots.