gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a UBC13 kinase in <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> (2007)

Protein kinases are generally recognized as attractive drug targets to treat a variety of human diseases. Recent analysis of the Plasmodium falciparum kinome identified several kinases that are entirely unique to Plasmodium species. The specific functions and targets of most of these enzymes remain largely unknown. Here, we have identified a P. falciparum kinase (PfPK9/PF13_0085 ORF) that does not cluster with any of the typical eukaryotic protein kinases. PfPK9 protein expression was induced approximately 18 h after red blood cell infection, and was mainly localized to the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane as well as the cytosol. Recombinant PfPK9 autophosphorylated in vitro and specifically phosphorylated the exogenous substrate histone H1, indicating that it is catalytically active. Phosphopeptide mapping studies showed that autophosphorylation occurred at three residues: T082, T265, and T269. We identified a P. falciparum homolog of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 13 (UBC13) as an endogenous substrate for PfPK9. PfPK9 phosphorylated UBC13 at S106, a highly conserved residue among eukaryotic E2s, and suppressed its ubiquitin-conjugating activity. Our findings not only describe a previously uncharacterized Plasmodium kinase and its likely in vivo target, but also suggest that modulation of UBC13 activity by phosphorylation may be a common regulatory mechanism in eukaryotes.
Evaluation of Euthymic Hairless Guinea Pigs (Crl:IAF(HA)BR) as an Animal Model for Vesicant Injury (1989)

Abstract : Euthymic hairless guinea pigs were compared to normal haired guinea pigs to determine whether the hairless guinea pig is a suitable animal model for studying sulfur mustard (HD) induced vesication of skin. Neat HD was applied to the skin for 30 minutes, and the exposed skin was examined at 24 and/or 48 hours post-exposure for gross, histopathologic, and/or ultrastructural lesions. The hairless guinea pig proved to be a superior animal model compared to the haired guinea pig because it was more sensitive to HD, the lesions were more readily scored, and the animal was much more convenient to use. Keywords: Guinea pigs; Hairless guinea pigs; Mustard; Vesicant.
THE IMPACT OF EXERCISE ON DENERVATED MUSCLE 846 (1996)

Several factors are involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle size and fiber type composition. These include hormonal status, the stretch/shortening cycle, and neural stimulation. Exercise affects all of these variables. In untrained animals, denervation results in marked decrements in muscle fiber size and changes in fiber type profile. The purpose of this study was to determine whether exercise induced increases in the stretch/shortening cycle of muscle and hormonal responses would nullify or mitigate muscle fiber atrophy and fiber type alterations observed in denervated muscle. 8 age and size matched male Sprague-Dawley rats served as subjects. The left soleus muscle of each rat was surgically denervated; contralateral soleus muscles were sham operated. Following recovery, animals were randomly assigned to 2 groups, exercise trained (n=4), or sedentary (n=4). The trained group participated in a 6 wk (5d/wk) treadmill running program. At the end of the experimental period, rats were weighed, sacrificed, and soleus muscles were removed and flash frozen. Mean body weight of trained rats was significantly less than sedentary rats (p ≤ 0.05). 10 μm thick cryostat sections of soleus muscles were stained for ATPase activity and analyzed for fiber type composition and fiber cross-sectional areas (CSA). In normally innervated muscle, exercise did not alter mean CSA or fiber type distribution (p > 0.05). Denervation, however, caused significant muscle fiber atrophy and fiber type alterations (Type I → Type II) in the soleus muscle of both groups(p ≤ 0.05). Direct comparison between trained and sedentary denervated muscle revealed no significant differences in CSA or fiber type composition (p> 0.05). These data suggest that hormonal alterations and increased mechanical stretch/shortening associated with exercise do not temper the severe changes in muscle fiber morphology that result from denervation. Neural stimulation appears to be vital to the maintenance of normal skeletal muscle fiber composition and size.
Conversion of<scp>L</scp>-Galactono-1,4-lactone to<scp>L</scp>-Ascorbate Is Regulated by the Photosynthetic Electron Transport Chain in<i>Arabidopsis</i> (2008)

In this study we focused on the effects of light irradiation and the addition of L-galactono-1,4-lactone (L-GalL) on the conversion of exogenous L-GalL to L-ascorbate (AsA) and the total AsA pool size in detached leaves of Arabidopsis plants and transgenic plants expressing the rat L-gulono-1,4-lactone oxidase gene. Increases in the total AsA level in L-GalL-treated leaves depended entirely on light irradiation. Treatment with an inhibitor of photosynthetic electron transport together with L-GalL reduced the increase in total AsA under light. Light, particularly the redox state of photosynthetic electron transport, appeared to play an important role in the regulation of the conversion of L-GalL to AsA in the mitochondria, reflecting the cellular level of AsA in plants.
Strukturelle Merkmale und Bittergeschmack bei synthetischen Phenylalaninderivaten und Peptiden (1977)

Abstract Derivate des Phenylalanins wurden sowohl in der D ‐ als auch in der L ‐Reihe synthetisiert, darüber hinaus Peptidoligomere der Reihen H‐(‐Leu‐Phe‐Gly) n ‐OH, H‐(‐Pro‐Phe‐Gly‐) n ‐OH und H‐(‐Leu‐Pro‐Phe‐Gly‐) n ‐OH durch Fragmentenkondensation aufgebaut. Die Verbindungen wurden vergleichend auf die Intensität ihres Bittergeschmackes getestet und die Beziehungen dieser Eigenschaft zu den molekularen Strukturen geprüft. Es wurden Aussagen ermöglicht, die über das Bekannte hinausgehen.
Active coherent superposition of five fiber amplifiers at 670W using multiplexed volume Bragg gratings (2013)

We present an experimental study on active coherent combining of five Yb (Ytterbium)-doped fiber laser amplifiers that employs multiplexed volume Bragg gratings (MVBGs), reporting a combining efficiency of 82% and near-diffraction limited beam quality at a combined input power of 380 W, and 70% combining efficiency with equal beam quality at 670 W input power.
Ex Situ and In Situ Stability Studies of PEMFC Catalysts (2005)

We explore ex situ and in situ fuel cell catalyst degradation test methods and the impact of catalyst degradation on fuel cell performance. A series of platinum-loaded carbons with two different carbon supports are aged ex situ in an isothermal oven and in situ using a fuel cell accelerated test. The ex situ combustion test and in situ accelerated fuel cell test both show that the rate and extent of carbon combustion for samples with the same platinum loading increases as the surface area of the carbon increases, presumably because platinum deposits as smaller particles, covering more of the carbon surface. In addition, the rate of reaction/loss of carbon is shown to increase significantly if humidity is introduced into the environment, a concern for long-term polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) operation because PEMFCs operate in a hot, humidified, oxygenated environment. Finally, graphitized carbon black supports with the same surface area and platinum loading as ungraphitized supports show much greater stability in both the ex situ and in situ tests, suggesting that carbon surface chemistry plays a strong role in oxidative stability under fuel cell conditions.
Mercury capture by an activated carbon in a fixed‐bed bench‐scale system (1998)

Abstract The control of mercury emissions for utility power plants may become important because of the Clean Air Act Amendments requirement that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) assess the health risks associated with these emissions [1]. One approach for mercury removal, whichmay be relatively simple to retrofit (compared to other methods [2–4]), is the injection of sorbents, such as activated carbon, upstream of existing particulate control devices. A study, sponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), is being conducted at the University of North Dakota Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) to develop a sorbent‐screening test protocol, screen potential mercury sorbents in a bench‐scale fixed‐bed system, and provide data to support efforts to model mercury capture mechanisms. A proper protocol is required to establish repeatability of the results and ensure reproducibility of results between different labs. To date, elemental mercury tests have been completed with several sorbents and under various flue gas conditions. The carbon‐based sorbent used in this study was a lignite‐based activated carbon (LAC), commercially available from American Norit Co., Inc. This paper presents results from the more recent tests with the LAC sorbent and elemental mercury. The LAC sorbent has also been used by others as a baseline sorbent [5–7].
Total Syntheses of (−)-α-Kainic Acid and (+)-α-Allokainic Acid via Stereoselective C−H Insertion and Efficient 3,4-Stereocontrol (2007)

Reported herein is a novel approach to the total syntheses of (-)-alpha-kainic acid and (+)-alpha-allokainic acid, where the stereochemistries on C(2), C(3), and C(4) of the pyrrolidine core were introduced efficiently and selectively. A regio- and stereoselective C-H insertion reaction was utilized to prepare the gamma-lactam as an intermediate. A Michael-type cyclization of phenylsulfone with a conjugated acetylenic ketone was developed to prepare the tricyclic ketone as a key intermediate for (-)-alpha-kainic acid. Subsequently, a stereoselective dephenylsulfonylation was carried out successfully to secure the cis relationship at C(3) and C(4) centers. An unprecedented acetylation on the phenylsulfone, followed by a stereoselective dephenylsulfonylation, secured the trans relationship at C(3) and C(4) centers in (+)-alpha-allokainic acid.
Human Herpesvirus-8 and Relatives of Patients With Plasmocytic Diseases (1998)

To the Editor:

Since the publication of the article by Rettig et al[1][1]reporting the association between the human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) and multiple myeloma, a controversy has arisen over the implication of this new virus in the pathogenesis of plasmocytic diseases.

If the facts initially
Inhibition of photobleaching and blue shift in quantum dots (2009)

Photobleaching and spectral diffusion (blue shift) of quantum dots at the solid/liquid interface are suppressed by adding mercaptoethylamine.
Temporal and spectral structure of the infrared pulse during the high order harmonic generation (2014)

We present, for the first time, the complete pulse characterization of the infrared pulse after generating harmonics. A systematic study of the high harmonic generation process, and the generating infrared pulse characterization, has been done by changing the focus-gas-jet relative position. We have concluded, supported by nonlinear propagation simulations, that there is a correlation between the spectral and temporal nonlinear evolution of the infrared generating field and the structures shown in the harmonic signal. We have identified two different pressure regimes: the low pressure regime, characterized by the effects produced by the plasma generated by the infrared pulse, and the high pressure regime where the plasma and the Kerr effect generated by the infrared field are both present. These observations highlight the important role played by the nonlinear propagation of the generating field in the high harmonic generation context.
Relating Network Topology to Network Mechanics (2012)

Soft tissues are comprised of underlying fiber networks of collagen and other fibrous proteins and biopolymers. Thus, the ability to model the deformation of fiber networks is critical to understanding the mechanics of tissues in vivo and in vitro [1]. Complicating the issue, protein fiber networks are comprised of a range of different topologies that behave differently under load. There is a clear need for a method to derive network parameters that characterize the network and allow for the prediction of their behavior. In this study, we characterized several different random fiber network types based on their intrinsic mechanical and topological properties. Such characterization would improve our ability to select microscale network topologies that match the mechanical properties we observe in healthy and diseased native tissues [2]. It would also improve our ability to discern the outcome of microstructural changes in tissues (such as from remodeling or injury) on their overall mechanics.
Electrical Characteristics of Al/CeO<sub>2</sub>(200)/Si(100) and Al/CeO<sub>2</sub>(111)/Si(100) Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Structure (2001)

Capacitance–voltage (C–V) and current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of Al/CeO 2 /Si(100) metal-insulator-semiconductor structures were found to be dependent on the crystal orientations of CeO 2 thin films, which were deposited by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. The C–V curve for the Al/CeO 2 /Si(100) structure made with CeO 2 with (200)-preferred orientation (referred to as CeO 2 (200)) did not show any notable hysteresis, while the Al/CeO 2 /Si(100) structure made with CeO 2 with (111)-preferred orientation (referred to as CeO 2 (111)) showed a counter-clockwise hysteresis, whose width was as high as ∼1.5 V. The hysteresis difference between Al/CeO 2 (200)/Si(100) and Al/CeO 2 (111)/Si(100) is thought due to the difference in the preferred orientation of the CeO 2 layer, and thus the stress between the CeO 2 thin film and the Si substrate. The Al/CeO 2 (111)/Si(100) structure with CeO 2 of larger grains showed larger leakage current than the Al/CeO 2 (200)/Si(100) structure with CeO 2 of smaller grains.
Recent studies on the identification of proliferative abnormalities and of oncogenic potential of cutaneous cells in individuals at increased risk of colon cancer. (1976)

This recent study describes the growth characteristics of ACR skin fibroblasts in culture and their differential susceptibility to transformation by Kirsten murine sarcoma virus (Ki-MSV). The SF were derived from normal appearing subepidermoid biopsies of ACR individuals, their progeny and ocntrols. Normal SF were contact-inhibited and grew only in 15% FCS. SF of ACR subjects, and some asymptomatic ACR progeny were not contact inhibited, grew in both 1% and 15% FCS and were considerably more susceptible to transformation by Ki-MSV than were control SF. The virally transformed SF showed a loss of anchorage dependency in methylcellulose and formed tumors in athymic mice. The results suggest the presence of early and previously undetected metabolic lesions in SF from clinically asymptomatic subjects. These phenotype markers are currently evaluated for their utility in the clinical diagnosis of individuals with latent ACR and those at increased risk for colon cancer. SF from ACR individuals have been recently shown to contain significant alterations in the intracellular distribution of actin (R. Pollack and L. Kopelovich, in preparation), and elevated levels of plasminogen activator (L. Kopelovich).
Anti-TNF-alpha and Pentoxifylline for Prophylaxis of aGvHD in Murine Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation (1992)

Clinical studies analyzing sequential serum levels suggest pathophysiological involvement of Tumor-Necrosis-Factor-alpha (TNFa) in acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) and endothelial complications following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). For further investigation of the role of TNFa in aGvHD a neutralizing rb-anti-ms-TNFalpha antibody or pentoxifylline (PTX) as an inhibitor of TNFa-transcription were injected in lethally irradiated mice before or following transplantation of semi- or fully allogeneic bone marrow and various T-cell doses. Prophylactic application of anti-TNFa either prior to irradiation and BMT (p < .05) or at weekly intervals from d7 until d35 (p < .Ol) significantly reduced aGvHD-related mortality and cachexia, when low doses of semiallogeneic T cells were used for induction of aGvHD. Under these conditions, only a marginal protective effect could be obtained by long term application of PTX. In addition, aGvHD induced by high doses of T cells or by transfer of fully allogeneic T lymphocytes could not be prevented by anti-TNFa. These results further indicate that neutralization of TNFa might be helpful as an additive strategy for prevention of aGvHD especially in HLA-identical BMT.
Chargeable solar cell and electrocatalyst using polythiophene film. (1986)

導電性高分子ポリチオフェン膜を用いた光化学電池が, 通常の光起電力セルとして働くのみならず, 光による充電, すなわち蓄電型太陽電池としても機能する。またこの膜は濃硫酸に浸すことによって, 化学的にドープでき, 適当な対向電極との間で同時に電気化学的に脱ドープ(放電)する触媒電極としても働くことを述べる。
Redox Control of Endothelial Function and Dysfunction: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities (2008)

The endothelium is essential for the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Central to this role is the production of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (EDNO), synthesized by the endothelial isoform of nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Endothelial dysfunction, manifested as impaired EDNO bioactivity, is an important early event in the development of various vascular diseases, including hypertension, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. The degree of impairment of EDNO bioactivity is a determinant of future vascular complications. Accordingly, growing interest exists in defining the pathologic mechanisms involved. Considerable evidence supports a causal role for the enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by vascular cells. ROS directly inactivate EDNO, act as cell-signaling molecules, and promote protein dysfunction, events that contribute to the initiation and progression of endothelial dysfunction. Increasing data indicate that strategies designed to limit vascular ROS production can restore endothelial function in humans with vascular complications. The purpose of this review is to outline the various ways in which ROS can influence endothelial function and dysfunction, describe the redox mechanisms involved, and discuss approaches for preventing endothelial dysfunction that may highlight future therapeutic opportunities in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Consistent expression of guanylyl cyclase-C in primary and metastatic gastrointestinal cancers (2017)

This observational study demonstrated the protein expression of GCC across various gastrointestinal malignancies. In all cancer histotypes, GCC protein localization was observed predominantly in the cytoplasm compared to the membrane region of tumor cells. Consistent immunohistochemistry detection of GCC protein expression in primary colorectal cancers and in their matched liver metastases suggests that the expression of GCC is maintained throughout the process of tumor progression and formation of metastatic disease.
Rescaling citations of publications in physics (2011)

We analyze the citation distributions of all papers published in Physical Review journals between 1985 and 2009. The average number of citations received by papers published in a given year and in a given field is computed. Large variations are found, showing that it is not fair to compare citation numbers across fields and years. However, when a rescaling procedure by the average is used, it is possible to compare impartially articles across years and fields. We make the rescaling factors available for use by the readers. We also show that rescaling citation numbers by the number of publication authors has strong effects and should therefore be taken into account when assessing the bibliometric performance of researchers.
Small-Scale High-Performance Optics (2002)

Historically, high resolution, high slew rate optics have been heavy, bulky, and expensive. Recent advances in MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) technology and micro-machining may change this. Specifically, the advent of steerable sub-millimeter sized mirror arrays could provide the breakthrough technology for producing very small-scale high-performance optical systems. For example, an array of steerable MEMS mirrors could be the building blocks for a Fresnel mirror of controllable focal length and direction of view. When coupled with a convex parabolic mirror the steerable array could realize a micro-scale pan, tilt and zoom system that provides full CCD sensor resolution over the desired field of view with no moving parts (other than MEMS elements). This LDRD provided the first steps towards the goal of a new class of small-scale high-performance optics based on MEMS technology. A large-scale, proof of concept system was built to demonstrate the effectiveness of an optical configuration applicable to producing a small-scale (< 1cm) pan and tilt imaging system. This configuration consists of a color CCD imager with a narrow field of view lens, a steerable flat mirror, and a convex parabolic mirror. The steerable flat mirror directs the camera's narrow field of view to small areas of the convex mirror providing much higher pixel density in the region of interest than is possible with a full 360 deg. imaging system. Improved image correction (dewarping) software based on texture mapping images to geometric solids was developed. This approach takes advantage of modern graphics hardware and provides a great deal of flexibility for correcting images from various mirror shapes. An analytical evaluation of blur spot size and axi-symmetric reflector optimization were performed to address depth of focus issues that occurred in the proof of concept system. The resulting equations will provide the tools for developing future system designs.
Rehabilitation robots for the treatment of sensorimotor deficits: a neurophysiological perspective (2018)

The past decades have seen rapid and vast developments of robots for the rehabilitation of sensorimotor deficits after damage to the central nervous system (CNS). Many of these innovations were technology-driven, limiting their clinical application and impact. Yet, rehabilitation robots should be designed on the basis of neurophysiological insights underlying normal and impaired sensorimotor functions, which requires interdisciplinary collaboration and background knowledge.Recovery of sensorimotor function after CNS damage is based on the exploitation of neuroplasticity, with a focus on the rehabilitation of movements needed for self-independence. This requires a physiological limb muscle activation that can be achieved through functional arm/hand and leg movement exercises and the activation of appropriate peripheral receptors. Such considerations have already led to the development of innovative rehabilitation robots with advanced interaction control schemes and the use of integrated sensors to continuously monitor and adapt the support to the actual state of patients, but many challenges remain. For a positive impact on outcome of function, rehabilitation approaches should be based on neurophysiological and clinical insights, keeping in mind that recovery of function is limited. Consequently, the design of rehabilitation robots requires a combination of specialized engineering and neurophysiological knowledge. When appropriately applied, robot-assisted therapy can provide a number of advantages over conventional approaches, including a standardized training environment, adaptable support and the ability to increase therapy intensity and dose, while reducing the physical burden on therapists. Rehabilitation robots are thus an ideal means to complement conventional therapy in the clinic, and bear great potential for continued therapy and assistance at home using simpler devices.This review summarizes the evolution of the field of rehabilitation robotics, as well as the current state of clinical evidence. It highlights fundamental neurophysiological factors influencing the recovery of sensorimotor function after a stroke or spinal cord injury, and discusses their implications for the development of effective rehabilitation robots. It thus provides insights on essential neurophysiological mechanisms to be considered for a successful development and clinical inclusion of robots in rehabilitation.