gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pore-size evaluation by single-sided nuclear magnetic resonance measurements: Compensation of water self-diffusion effect on transverse relaxation (2005)

The determination of penetration depth and distribution of water at surfaces is essential to knowledge of the state of conservation of Cultural Heritage items and materials, such as frescoes, stone, brick, wood, and paper. Water can penetrate the surface of an object, coming from either an external or an internal source, and in general the moisture content of the surface region is the cause of various decay phenomena such as microfractures and disintegration. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) approach can be very powerful for the evaluation of the state of fine arts materials. Not only the water saturation and∕or the porosity of the material can be evaluated but also information on material pore-size distributions can be obtained by monitoring the distributions of relaxation times of the transverse (T2) and longitudinal (T1) components of the H1 magnetization of the trapped water. The drawback is that generally the sample does not fit into standard NMR magnets, and for in situ application, single-sided NMR devices have to be used. Therefore, the standard methods to get NMR parameters are not always valid, and some alternative procedures have to be performed. For example, in strongly inhomogeneous magnetic fields due to the geometrical features of single-sided NMR devices, the transverse relaxation is greatly influenced by the molecular self-diffusion even at the shortest interpulse time available for a Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill (CPMG) sequence. In this paper we show how the dephasing effect due to molecular self-diffusion can be corrected by using the “constant echo time method.” We report an attempt to recover the corrected T2 distribution in well-characterized porous materials saturated with water, with data acquired in the highly inhomogeneous magnetic field of a single-sided NMR device. The results are discussed and compared with those acquired on the same samples in the highly homogeneous magnetic field of a traditional NMR instrument.
Nucleation and growth of alpha lactose monohydrate : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Process Engineering at Massey University (2007)

Lactose represents approximately one third of the total solids in bovine milk. In the dairy industry, lactose is recovered from whey and whey permeates using a crystallisation process that involves both evaporation and a cooling stage. A good understanding of the lactose crystallisation kinetics enables both these processes to be operated at conditions that maximise the yield and minimise capital and processing costs. This study has looked at the nucleation and growth kinetics of the lactose crystallisation process. A model has been produced that can accurately predict the changing concentration profile as lactose is removed, via growth, from an industrial solution. This model incorporated the available literature information and expanded on it where required. The primary nucleation of alpha lactose monohydrate was investigated on the laboratory scale. The work identified the changing relationship, which occurs with increasing supersaturation, as lactose nucleation moves from being dominated by the heterogeneous mechanism to the homogenous mechanism. The absolute supersaturation at which the mechanism changes was found not to be affected by the solution temperature and agitation rate; however the presence of impurities lowered the supersaturation required for homogeneous nucleation. The effect of mixing on the primary nucleation rate was studied in a Rushton turbine agitated vessel and through a Venturi. Increasing the agitation rate increased the frequency of activated molecular collisions but the critical nucleus size remained constant. A strong correlation was found, for both mixing systems, between the nucleation rate and the frequency of vortex shedding.
Compliance Cancellation for a Magnetic Guide Using a Smart Multitasking Active Vibration Control Algorithm (2003)

Although active magnetic guides (AMG) can obtain an infinite static stiffness and high damping using sophisticated multi-degree-of-freedom control, still a non-negligible dynamic compliance is inherent. This is especially true when high controller gains cannot be achieved due to spill over effects. Several approaches are known to overcome this problem, repetitive control and frequency estimation being two of them. Both have drawbacks concerning flexibility, robustness and compensation quality. This paper proposes a smart frequency identification and compensation scheduling algorithm along with tracking compensation oscillators to cancel arbitrary periodic disturbances. The proposed algorithm has been implemented and tested on an AMG. The introduced smartness provides a very robust behavior and leads to an infinite steady state stiffness.
Performance analysis of dynamic TDM-transport for GSM voice and GPRS/EDGE packet data services (2003)

Today's GSM and GPRS mobile networks are based on static 16 kbps terrestrial transport on the Abis interface using E1/T1 lines. For the introduction of the high data rate GPRS coding schemes such as CS4 with up to 20 kbps, EDGE with up to 59.2 kbps and high quality wideband adaptive multirate voice codecs with up to 23.85 kbps the terrestrial Abis capacity per air interface radio channel has to be extended. With FAAS a fully dynamic allocation strategy of n/spl times/16 kbps subslots is proposed on a per site basis for both voice and data to optimally match the capacity requirements of high bandwidth radio channels. The approach includes bringing up and releasing Abis resources out of the Abis resource pool on demand. The interaction with admission control, radio resource management and link adaptation involving upgrade and downgrade procedures is taken into account. To avoid unacceptable voice blocking a new concept for voice protection is included. Detailed simulation results for different cell configurations are presented for voice only and mixed voice and GPRS/EDGE packet data scenarios at varying load, which allow the appropriate dimensioning of the Abis resource pool per site. Depending on the cell load capacity gains up to 70% (typically 30-40% for medium load) can be achieved compared to a static Abis allocation approach promising considerable cost savings for operators.
How many isolated DC-DC's do you really need? (2002)

This paper discusses a new power system design alternative for designs where isolated DC-DC modules have traditionally been used in distributed power architectures. A new generation of nonisolated integrated switching regulators (ISRs) that provide a wide variety of positive and negative voltages are now available to reduce cost, decrease board area, increase reliability and reduce time to market. Included in this paper is a detailed comparison of the design alternatives and benefits.
Automatic line protection testing: SDH equipment with optical fibre amplifier systems (2002)

The most critical goal to be reached when designing long distance networks is the capability to transport high capacity signals with a limited number of repeaters. This can be accomplished by the combination of Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) technology and Optical Fibre Amplifiers (OFA). Due to the very high power levels involved in this systems, a protection method to ensure human safety in case of cable break is required; IU-T G.958 Recommendation gives an automatic shut-down procedure for SDH systems. In this paper, a shut-down time measurement methodology is proposed to test the potential compatibility of OFAs with the available SDH systems during the protection mechanism.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Well-Defined PMMA Brush on Silica Particles Fabricated by Surface-Initiated Photopolymerization (SIPP) (2010)

The photochemical method is a convenient and simple way to synthesize the polymer brush on surface. We presented here a facile approach to fabricate PMMA brush on silica particles (SPs) by combination of self-assembly monolayer of hyperbranched polymeric thioxanthone (HPTX) and surface-initiated photopolymerization (SIPP). HPTX was immobilized on the surface of silica particles (SPs) through nucleophilic addition between amine and epoxy groups, and then initiated photopolymerization of MMA to generate PMMA brush on SPs at room temperature. The whole process was well-traced by FT-IR, TGA, SEM, and TEM. The results show that it is easy to create PMMA brushes of tunable thickness under UV irradiation. Especially, TEM images reveal the obvious formation of well-defined hybrid particles with SPs as the core and PMMA layers as the shell. The obtained hybrid particles can be implanted into PMMA matrix to produce PMMA composite with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties.
Scenariile multiple – Instrument de analiza si planificare strategica a portofoliului de produse (2011)

Procesul de planificare strategica are ca fundament teoretic o serie de instrumente de marketing si management, fara a caror cunoastere si intelegere devine imposibila adoptarea si implementarea opticii de marketing in desfasurarea activitatilor de conducere, analiza, evaluare si control, specifice portofoliului de produse al intreprinderii. Din multitudinea instrumentelor manageriale cu aplicabilitate specifica in cadrul procesului de planificare strategica orientata spre piata, se detaseaza atat prin continut cat si importanta, o serie de instrumente moderne, care presupun o analiza comparativa a oportunitatilor portofoliului de produse al unei intreprinderi. Dintre aceste instrumente moderne, consacrate in decursul timpului in cadrul literaturii de marketing si management, pot fi amintite si scenariile multiple. Astfel, lucrarea de fata isi propune sa evidentieze continutul acestui instrument de analiza strategica si totodata implicatiile sale asupra procesului de planificare a portofoliului de produse.
BYSSINOSIS AND OTHER RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS IN FLAX WORKERS IN NORTHERN IRELAND (1965)

A study of byssinosis and other respiratory symptoms in 2,528 flax workers aged 35 years and over in Northern Ireland is reported. This represented 82·5% of the total available population. Only 3% of workers were not seen because of absence or a refusal to co-operate. Workers were interviewed using a questionnaire based on the Questionnaire on Respiratory Symptoms (Medical Research Council, 1960a) with additional questions relating to respiratory symptoms at work. Byssinosis was found in workers in all stages of the industry, though its prevalence was highest in flax preparers; wet spinners and wet polishers did not appear to be at serious risk of developing the condition. When the effects of other relevant factors had been allowed for, <i>e.g.,</i> age, duration of employment, and smoking habits, differences between the prevalence in the two sexes were found to be very small. The associations between byssinosis and the age of workers and their durations of employment in flax-preparing occupations were complex, and it was thought that a selective discharge of affected workers before the study might, in part at least, explain the absence of marked associations between these variables. Marked associations were found between both chronic bronchitis and exertional dyspnoea and the type of occupation in the mill. Workers in the early preparing occupations had a considerably higher prevalence of these conditions than expected on a null hypothesis. There were also marked associations between byssinosis and bronchitis, and between byssinosis and dyspnoea. The possible importance of these associations with regard to the aetiology of byssinosis is discussed, and it is suggested that byssinosis represents an acute, specific effect of certain textile dusts on the respiratory system, superimposed on a non-specific chronic bronchitic process.
Weighted Data Fusion Use for Ruthenium Dioxide Thin Film pH Array Electrodes (2009)

Data fusion is a useful statistical method that can be applied to multiple sensors or array sensors in many fields. The pH value is a very important parameter in clinical diagnosis, industrial wastewater treatment using a hydrogen ion selective electrode or pH meter. In this study, the examined data fusion methods consist of the arithmetic average and weighted data fusion coefficients used to process the measured pH data. A ruthenium dioxide (RuO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) pH electrode was prepared. RuO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> thin films were deposited onto silicon substrate using a sputtering system. Eight RuO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> hydrogen ion selective electrodes were used to form pH array sensors. From the measurement process, we can simultaneously obtain eight data sets. The experimental results, using the data fusion weighted coefficients obtained a good measurement result even when an individual sensor failed within the array sensors.
Increased expression of <i>OsSPX1</i> enhances cold/subfreezing tolerance in tobacco and <i> Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2009)

Summary Low temperature is a major environmental stress for plants. Many important cultivated crops have limited capacity to survive below freezing/subfreezing temperatures. Low inorganic phosphate (Pi) is reportedly important in triggering cold acclimatization. SPX (SYG1/Pho81/XPR1: SYG1, suppressor of yeast gpal; Pho81, CDK inhibitor in yeast PHO pathway; XPR1, xenotropic and polytropic retrovirus receptor) domain proteins have been shown to be involved in the phosphate‐related signal transduction and regulation pathways. Recently, Arabidopsis AtSPX family genes have been found to possess diverse functions in plant tolerance to phosphorus starvation, and OsSPX1 is involved in phosphate homeostasis in rice and optimizes growth under phosphate‐limited conditions through a negative feedback loop. In this study, our phylogenetic and gene expression profiling approaches identified six rice OsSPX genes up‐regulated during cold stress. Transgenic tobacco plants with constitutive expression of OsSPX1 were more tolerant to cold stress than were wild‐type plants, and showed better seedling survival and reduced cellular electrolyte leakage. In addition, there was decreased total leaf Pi content and accumulation of free proline and sucrose in transgenic tobacco plants during cold stress. To further establish a cause‐and‐effect relationship between intracellular Pi level and cold acclimatization in transgenic plants, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis plants with constitutive expression of OsSPX1. Cold stress resulted in reduced leaf Pi levels in Arabidopsis transgenic relative to wild‐type plants. From real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analysis, several Pi starvation‐related genes, such as AtSPX1 (orthologue of OsSPX1 ) , PHO2, PLDZ2 and ATSIZ1 , showed differential expression between wild‐type and transgenic plants during cold stress. Our results indicate that OsSPX1 may play an important role in linking cold stress and Pi starvation signal transduction pathways.
An Optimized 3D Coculture Assay for Preclinical Testing of Pro- and Antiangiogenic Drugs (2017)

Angiogenesis is a promising target for anticancer therapies, but also for treating other diseases with pathologic vessel development. Targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway did not proof as effective as expected due to emerging intrinsic resistance mechanisms, as well as stromal contributions leading to drug insensitivity. Therefore, alternative strategies affecting the interaction of endothelial cells (ECs) with other stromal cells seem to be more promising. Human preclinical in vitro angiogenesis models successfully recapitulating these interactions are rare, and two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures cannot mimic tissue architecture in vivo. Consequently, models combining three-dimensionality with heterotypic cell interaction seem to be better suited. Here, we report on an improved human fibroblast-EC coculture assay mimicking sprouting angiogenesis from EC-covered microbeads resembling existing endothelial structures. Culture conditions were optimized to assess pro- and antiangiogenic compounds. Important characteristics of angiogenesis, that is, the number of sprouts and branch points, sprout length protrusion, and overall vessel structure areas, were quantified. Notably, the endothelial sprouts display lumen formation and basal membrane establishment. In this model, angiogenesis can be inhibited by genetic interference of pro-angiogenic factors expressed in the fibroblasts. Moreover, bona fide antiangiogenic drugs decreased, whereas pro-angiogenic factors increased vessel formation in 24-well and 96-well settings, demonstrating the applicability for screening approaches.
Security Random Network Coding Model against Byzantine Attack Based on CBC (2011)

Aimed at the problem of Byzantine Attack in secure network communication, the network security assumptions which may contain Byzantine attacks are analyzed and described firstly. Then a secure random network coding model is proposed for resisting the Byzantine attacks where the CBC (Cipher Block Chaining) technology is combined with random network coding, we prove the correctness and security also, finally realize safety codes.
On one-factorizations of complete graphs (1973)

We use standard graph notation and definitions, as in [1]: in particular K n is the complete graph on n vertices and K n, n is the regular complete bigraph of order 2 n .
Targeted meiotic recombination in Arabidopsis thaliana (2009)

Die sexuelle Reproduktion diploider Organismen benötigt Mechanismen zur korrekten Verteilung der paternalen und maternalen Chromosomen in den zu bildenden Keimzellen. Dieser Prozess findet im Rahmen der Meiose statt. Nach Replikation der Chromosomen führen zwei Schritte von Chromosmensegregationen zur Bildung von vier haploiden Gametenvorläufer-Zellen. Durch Rekombination von paternalen und maternalen Chromosomen wird während der Meiose die genetische Diversität erhöht. Dieser Prozess führt auch zur Ausbildung von Chiasmata, welche aus reziproken Rekombinationsereignissen hervorgehen, und ist essentiell für die korrekte Chromosomensegregation während der ersten meiotischen Teilung. Das Schlüsselereignis dieses Prozesses, die kontrollierte Ausbildung von DNA Doppelstrangbrüchen, ist eine Voraussetzung für die nachfolgend stattfindende homologe Rekombination. Die Verteilung der DNA Doppelstrangbrüche ist nicht zufällig, da diese an diskreten Loci im Genom konzentriert sind – den ‚Hotspots’ der meiotischen Rekombination. Das zentrale Protein im Rahmen der Induktion von Doppelstrangbrüchen ist das konservierte Enzym SPO11. In Arabidopsis thaliana wurden drei SPO11 Gene identifiziert, von welchen AtSPO11-1 und AtSPO11-2 für die gezielte Einführung von DNA Doppelstrangbrüchen verantwortlich sind. Das Hauptziel dieser Studie war, die Rekombinationsmaschinerie zu spezifischen Loci im Arabidopsis Genom zu dirigieren. Die dabei gewählte Strategie beinhaltet die Erzeugung verschiedener Fusionsproteine, in welchen AtSPO11 N-terminal an Zink-Finger (ZF) DNA-Bindungsdomänen fusioniert wurde. Dadurch ist zu erwarten, dass induzierte DNA Doppelstrangbrüche verstärkt in der Region der spezifischen Zink-Finger DNA-Bindungsstelle erfolgen. Weiters auch, dass die nachfolgende DNA Reparatur zum Austausch von paternaler und maternaler genetischer Infomation an dem gewählten Locus führt Es wurden verschiedene Zink-Finger Konstrukte hergestellt, welche an einen bestimmten endogenen Locus im Arabidopsis Genom binden. Die Einführung eines zusätzlichen c-Myc Epitops in die Konstrukte erlaubt dadurch eine biochemische Manipulation der Fusionsproteine. Die AtSPO11-1-ZF Fusionsproteine wurden durch Komplementationsanalyse auf ihre Funktionalität getestet, und konnten die Funktion des endogenen AtSPO11-1 Proteins übernehmen. In zukünftigen Experimenten ist weiters die Herstellung von AtSPO11-2-ZF Fusionsproteinen geplant. Unterschiedliche Tester-Linien welche AtSPO11-ZF Konstrukte und gleichzeitig verschiedende Marker beinhalten, um die erwartete erhöhte Rekombinationsrate quantitativ zu bestimmen, wurden miteinander gekreuzt. Die Kreuzungsprodukte dienen der Detektion von induzierten Rekombinationsereignissen an dem ausgewählten Locus, einhergehend mit einem trans zu cis Austausch der Markerkonfiguration.
Ideas for a Study "On the Imagination of Tone" (1992)

A guiding principle that extends throughout my music-theoretic and music-aesthetic work from the time of my dissertation (Musikalische Logik, Leipzig, C. F. Kahnt, 1873)1 is that music listening is not merely a passive processing of sound effects in the ear but, on the contrary, a highly developed manifestation of the logical functions of the human intellect. Without being absolutely clear myself of that which I really sought and to which I aspired, I have gradually developed a kind of musical grammar in my new system of notation for harmony (Skizze einer neuen Methode der Harmonielehre, [Leipzig] 1880) in its various stages of development up to the formulation of the Lehre von den tonalen Funktionen der Harmonie (Vereinfachte Harmonielehre, 1893), and likewise in the labelling of rhythmic elements in music (phrase markings) from the very first articles to raise the question in Musikalisches Wochenblatt (1882)2 up to the formulation of a System der musikalischen Rhythmik und Metrik (1904).3 In the harmonic concepts tonic, dominant, subdominant, and the rhythmic concepts heavy and light beats, heavy and light measures, antecedent, consequent, etc., this grammar points to the
Tsallis Mutual Information for Document Classification (2011)

Mutual information is one of the mostly used measures for evaluating image similarity. In this paper, we investigate the application of three different Tsallis-based generalizations of mutual information to analyze the similarity between scanned documents. These three generalizations derive from the Kullback–Leibler distance, the difference between entropy and conditional entropy, and the Jensen–Tsallis divergence, respectively. In addition, the ratio between these measures and the Tsallis joint entropy is analyzed. The performance of all these measures is studied for different entropic indexes in the context of document classification and registration.