gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of white-box versus black-box machine learning models in estimating ambient black carbon concentration (2020)

Air quality prediction with black-box (BB) modelling is gaining widespread interest in research and industry. This type of data-driven models work generally better in terms of accuracy but are limited to capture physical, chemical and meteorological processes and therefore accountability for interpretation. In this paper, we evaluated different white-box (WB) and BB methods that estimate atmospheric black carbon (BC) concentration by a suite of observations from the same measurement site. This study involves data in the period of 1st January 2017–31st December 2018 from two measurement sites, from a street canyon site in Mäkelänkatu and from an urban background site in Kumpula, in Helsinki, Finland. At the street canyon site, WB models performed (R2 = 0.81–0.87) in a similar way as the BB models did (R2 = 0.86–0.87). The overall performance of the BC concentration estimation methods at the urban background site was much worse probably because of a combination of smaller dynamic variability in the BC values and longer data gaps. However, the difference in WB (R2 = 0.44–0.60) and BB models (R2 = 0.41–0.64) was not significant. Furthermore, the WB models are closer to physics-based models, and it is easier to spot the relative importance of the predictor variable and determine if the model output makes sense. This feature outweighs slightly higher performance of some individual BB models, and inherently the WB models are a better choice due to their transparency in the model architecture. Among all the WB models, IAP and LASSO are recommended due to its flexibility and its efficiency, respectively. Our findings also ascertain the importance of temporal properties in statistical modelling. In the future, the developed BC estimation model could serve as a virtual sensor and complement the current air quality monitoring. White-box models are preferred over black-box models in estimating black carbon because they are closer to physics-based models, and it is easier to spot the relative importance of the predictor variable. The black carbon model could serve as a virtual sensor integrating into air quality network in support with real measurements, so as to complement the current air quality index.
Naturalistic driving cycle synthesis by Markov chain of different orders (2017)

This paper evaluates the performance of using Markov chain of different orders to synthesise real-world representative drive cycles from numerous naturalistic drive cycles. The representative drive cycles can be a valuable input into the design of powertrains, especially for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) and electric vehicle (EV). Their onboard cost-sensitive electric components, such as battery, require an appropriate sizing by understanding how people drive in naturalistic settings. Applying representative drive cycles instead of federal certification drive cycles provides flexibility of drive cycle length and ensures realistic cycle aggressiveness. Even though Markov chain has been widely used to synthesise representative drive cycles, the effects of different orders have not been systematically compared. Based on a publicly accessible portion of GPS-enhanced regional household travel survey, after statistical hypothesis tests, the results show that higher degree of representativeness can be achieved with a 3-order Markov chain compared to a 2-order Markov chain. These findings help to improve the accuracy of cycle synthesis for PHEV and EV analysis.
Gas-liquid equilibrium in binary mixtures of methane with N-decane, benzene, and toluene (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGas-liquid equilibrium in binary mixtures of methane with N-decane, benzene, and tolueneHo-Mu Lin, Herbert M. Sebastian, James J. Simnick, and Kwang-Chu ChaoCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1979, 24, 2, 146–149Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60081a004https://doi.org/10.1021/je60081a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views777Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Enantiodivergent Syntheses of Both Enantiomers of Carbovir, 1592U89 and Six‐Membered Ring Analogues. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 Promotes Flaviviridae Entry and Replication (2012)

Flaviviruses cause a wide range of severe diseases ranging from encephalitis to hemorrhagic fever. Discovery of host factors that regulate the fate of flaviviruses in infected cells could provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of infection and therefore facilitate the development of anti-flaviviral drugs. We performed genome-scale siRNA screens to discover human host factors required for yellow fever virus (YFV) propagation. Using a 2 × 2 siRNA pool screening format and a duplicate of the screen, we identified a high confidence list of YFV host factors. To find commonalities between flaviviruses, these candidates were compared to host factors previously identified for West Nile virus (WNV) and dengue virus (DENV). This comparison highlighted a potential requirement for the G protein-coupled receptor kinase family, GRKs, for flaviviral infection. The YFV host candidate GRK2 (also known as ADRBK1) was validated both in siRNA-mediated knockdown HuH-7 cells and in GRK(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Additionally, we showed that GRK2 was required for efficient propagation of DENV and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) indicating that GRK2 requirement is conserved throughout the Flaviviridae. Finally, we found that GRK2 participates in multiple distinct steps of the flavivirus life cycle by promoting both entry and RNA synthesis. Together, our findings identified GRK2 as a novel regulator of flavivirus infection and suggest that inhibition of GRK2 function may constitute a new approach for treatment of flavivirus associated diseases.
Side effects from dermatological laser treatment related to UV exposure and epidermal thickness: A murine experiment with the copper vapor laser (1997)

We conclude that UV exposure prior to laser treatment of albino mice reduced laser-induced side-effects, which could be explained by increased epidermal thickening. Variations in epidermal thickness might thus contribute to variations in clinical response to dermatological laser treatment with the copper vapor laser.
Tyrosine Phosphorylation: Past, Present and Future (1996)

Conference Article| May 01 1996 Tyrosine Phosphorylation: Past, Present and Future T. Hunter T. Hunter 1Molecular Biology and Virology Laboratory, The Salk Institute, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd Received: January 09 1996 Online ISSN: 1470-8752 Print ISSN: 0300-5127 © 1996 Biochemical Society1996 Biochem Soc Trans (1996) 24 (2): 307–327. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0240307 Article history Received: January 09 1996 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation T. Hunter; Tyrosine Phosphorylation: Past, Present and Future. Biochem Soc Trans 1 May 1996; 24 (2): 307–327. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0240307 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: CSF-1, colony-stimulating factor-1, EGF, epidermal growth factor, IP3, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, MAP kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, NGF, nerve growth factor, PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor, PH, pleckstrin homology, PI3 kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, PIP2, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, P.Ser, phosphoserine This content is only available as a PDF. © 1996 Biochemical Society1996 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Narrow-band spectroscopic source of coherent radiation, tunable in the mid-IR range (1998)

A description is given of a repetitively pulse source of narrow-band coherent radiation with continuous frequency tuning in the ranges 1.5–1.85 μm and 2.5–3.7 μm, and with energies per pulse up to 8 and 3 mJ, respectively. The source is based on parametric amplification of a weak IR signal from a difference-frequency generator or from a single-mode optical parametric oscillator. This source was used to determine the spectra of IR absorption and of degenerate four-wave mixing, as well as the spectra of excitation of stimulated resonance Raman scattering of light in some molecules under static or supersonic jet conditions.
MAGIC: for A Multiattribute Declustering Mechanism (1994)

During the past decade, parallel database systems have gained increased popularity due to their high performance, scalability, and availability characteristics. With the predicted future database sizes and complexity of queries, the scalability of these systems to hundreds and thousands of processors is essential for satisfying the projected demand. Several studies have repeatedly demonstrated that both the performance and scalability of a parallel database system are contingent on the physical layout of the data across the processors of the system. If the data are not declustered appropriately, the execution of an operation might waste system resources, reducing the overall processing capability of the system. With earlier, single-attribute partitioning mechanisms such as those found in the Tandem, Teradata, Gamma, and Bubba parallel database systems, range selections on any attribute other than the partitioning attribute must be sent to all processors containing tuples of the relation, while range selections on the partitioning attribute can be directed to only a subset of the processors. Although using all the processors for an operation is reasonable for resource intensive operations, directing a query with minimal resource requirements to processors that contain no relevant tuples wastes CPU cycles, communication bandwidth, and U0 bandwidth. As a solution, this paper describes a new partitioning strategy, multiattribute grid declustering (MAGIC), which can use two or more attributes of a relation to decluster its tuples across multiple processors and disks. In addition, MAGIC declustering, unlike other multiattribute partitioning mechanisms that have been proposed, is able to support range selections as well as exact match selections on each of the partitioning attributes. This capability enables a greater variety of selection operations to be directed to a restricted subset of the processors in the system. Finally, MAGIC partitions each relation based on the resource requirements of the queries that constitute the workload for the relation and the processing capacity of the system in order to ensure that the proper number of processors are used to execute queries that reference the relation.
Modalities of treatment and 30-day outcomes of unselected patients older than 75 years with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction: data from the BLITZ study (2008)

In a nationwide clinical practice, the vast majority of patients older than 75 years presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction does not receive any early reperfusion treatment and presents a significant incidence of major clinical events at 30 days.
Infrared Spectra of Fulvenes (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfrared Spectra of FulvenesJ. C. Wood, R. M. Elofson, and D. M. SaundersCite this: Anal. Chem. 1958, 30, 8, 1339–1342Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60140a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60140a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views147Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
S15 * ESBRA/ISBRA JOINT SYMPOSIUM: IMAGING IN ALCOHOL RESEARCH * S15.1 * THE ROLE OF FUNCTIONAL NEUROIMAGING IN THE CHOICE OF TREATMENT FOR ALCOHOLICS (2011)

In alcohol-dependent patients, alcohol-associated cues elicit brain activations in mesocorticolimbic networks related to the rewarding properties of the drug and were previously found to be associated with relapse behaviour. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess cue-reactivity during the presentation of alcohol-related pictures in 73 recently detoxified alcohol-dependent patients before and after randomized double-blind treatment with naltrexone, acamprosate or placebo. Using Cox-regression we examined the effect of fMRI cue-reactivity and treatment on the time to the first severe relapse. In early abstinence, the activated network consisted of the ventral striatum, cingulate gyrus and prefrontal areas. After 2 weeks of treatment with naltrexone, acamprosate or placebo cue-elicited brain activity in the striatum and the thalamus was decreased in comparison with the first medication-free fMRI session. With increasing fMRI, cue-reactivity at the first fMRI session relapse risk was reduced in the Naltrexone compared with the Acamprosate group for the ventral striatum. Notably, remaining cue-induced brain activation in the ventral striatum during the second fMRI session was negatively associated with the time to first severe relapse. fMRI cue-reactivity can be used as a prognostic factor for relapse in alcohol-dependent patients. Alcohol-dependent patients with high fMRI cue-reactivity might especially benefit from Naltrexone treatment. [This work was supported by the DFG (He 2597/4-1&4-2; Sm 80/1-1) and the BMBF (01EB0110&01EB0410 km).]
Nonlinear control of flexible, articulated spacecraft - Application to Space Station/Mobile Manipulator (1994)

This paper extends the authors' prior work on the attitude control of flexible space structures via partial feedback linearization methods to articulated systems. Recursive relations introduced by Jain and Rodriguez are central to the efficient formulation of models via Poincare's form of Lagrange's equations. Such models provide for easy construction of feedback linearizing control laws. Adaptation is shown to be an effective way of reducing sensitivity to uncertain parameters. An application to a flexible platform with mobile remote manipulator system is highlighted.
Comparison of the triboluminescent yield and decay time for europium dibenzoylmethide triethylammonium synthesized using different solvents (2011)

Europium dibenzoylmethide triethylammonium (EuD4TEA) is one of the brightest known triboluminescent (TL) materials. First synthesized in 1966, emission from EuD4TEA is bright enough to be seen in daylight. In this paper we report the synthesis of Eu(III) tetrakis compounds using different solvents, and their influence on the appearance, TL yield, and decay time. The physical appearance of Eu compounds changed with the solvent type. Further, the solvents influenced the time for nucleation and completion of the reaction. TL measurements show that Eu tetrakis compounds derived from acetone solvent had the largest emission, while the smallest emission with the shortest decay time was obtained for the product from chloroform solvent. Photoluminescent emission spectra for the compounds from different solvents show the 5D0 → 7F1, 5D0 → 7F2 and 5D0 → 7F3 peaks which are consistent with previously reported results for EuD4TEA. However the intensity of the 5D0 → 7F2 transition shows the 613.5 nm is larger than the 611.7 nm for the products from 1-butanol and methylene chloride. Eu compound from 1-butanol shows a more intense 616.5 nm and 624.2 nm peaks, of which the later peak is almost merged into the background for Eu compounds obtained from the other solvents.
Release From Post-transcriptional Gene Silencing by Cell Proliferation in Transgenic Tobacco Plants: Possible Mechanism for Noninheritance of the Silencing (2002)

Transgenic tobacco plants that overproduce luciferase (Luc) frequently exhibit post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) of luc. The silencing was observed over five generations and found not to be inherited but acquired by the next generation at a certain frequency. Luc imaging analysis of silenced plants revealed Luc activity only in proliferating tissues such as shoot meristem and developing flower. The luc gene expression has been recovered from silencing before development of germ cells, excluding a possible recovery from the PTGS at meiosis. A systemic silencing signal transferred from older tissue likely induces gene silencing of younger tissues in which cell proliferation has been completed. Only seeds maintained Luc activity, probably because of isolation from the silencing signal by a possible partition from the parent placenta. Calli newly induced from the leaf pieces of silenced plants recovered from the silencing and exhibited strong Luc activity similar to nonsilenced leaves, further indicating that the silencing cannot be maintained in proliferating cells. Thus release from PTGS in proliferating cells is a possible mechanism for noninheritance of silencing.
Boehmite (<i>γ</i>-AlOOH) by XPS (1998)

The XPS spectra of Boehmite were collected with a VSW HA150 using monochromatic Al Kα x-radiation. Monochromatic radiation provides a distinct clarity to the peak structure in the valence band of Boehmite due to the absence of interfering x-ray satellites from the intense O 2s region. Variations in the intensities and peak separation of the two-peak structure in the valence bands of the oxides, hydroxides, and oxyhydroxides of aluminum allow one to distinguish between these compounds. The valence band, survey, and the Al 2s, Al 2p, O 1s, and C 1s core levels are reported.
High Strength Diffusion Braze Repair for Gas Turbine Components (1996)

The goal of all repair processes is to return the hardware to a serviceable condition. Diffusion braze repairs utilize metallurgical processes to achieve economical repairs of expensive gas turbine components, especially in the turbine section. Component repairs often require dimensional restoration and crack repair on the same part. To achieve this goal, a new diffusion braze repair alloy was developed that combines high strength crack repair and dimensional build up into one material. This new material has mechanical property strength approaching that of the base metal. The improved mechanical properties result from a homogenous gamma prime strengthened diffusion braze zone. As part of an FAA approved test plan, the Howmet ESR (Effective Structural Repair) diffusion braze material was evaluated by tensile and stress rupture testing at elevated temperature. The test results showed high tensile strengths and long stress rupture life. In addition, the effect of the diffusion braze thermal cycle was evaluated on the base metal. A comparison was made between the gamma prime size and shape of engine run JT8D LPT vane clusters before and after the thermal cycle. The thermal cycle was shown to have a beneficial effect on the gamma prime size and shape relative to overaged engine run nozzles. The low cycle fatigue (LCF) life of MarM247 was also shown to improve with the ESR thermal cycle relative to a typical LPT nozzle heat treatment.
Suppression of RelB-mediated manganese superoxide dismutase expression reveals a primary mechanism for radiosensitization effect of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in prostate cancer cells (2007)

Nuclear factor-kappaB provides an adaptive response to protect cancer cells against cytotoxicity induced by redox active therapeutics. RelB is uniquely expressed at a high level in prostate cancer with high Gleason scores. Recently, we showed that the level of RelB rapidly increases in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells after exposure to ionizing radiation (IR), leading to a reduction in intrinsic radiosensitivity. Here, we show that interaction of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1alpha,25-(OH)(2)D(3)] with the vitamin D receptor significantly enhances radiosensitivity of prostate cancer cells at clinically relevant radiation doses. The radiosensitization effect of 1alpha,25-(OH)(2)D(3) is mediated, at least in part, by selectively suppressing IR-mediated RelB activation, leading to a reduced expression of its target gene MnSOD, a primary antioxidant enzyme in mitochondria. These results suggest that suppression of manganese superoxide dismutase is a mechanism by which 1alpha,25-(OH)(2)D(3) exerts its radiosensitization effect and that 1alpha,25-(OH)(2)D(3) may serve as an effective pharmacologic agent for selectively sensitizing prostate cancer cells to IR via suppression of antioxidant responses in mitochondria.
Evaluation of Tobacco Quality from Pyrolytic Aspects (1970)

Relationship between the chemical constituents of tobacco leaves and the gaseous constituents of cigarette smoke from which K value1) was computed was discussed and the following presuppositions were demonstrated to be correct. 1. Fibrous substances in tobacco leaves are the main precursors of acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, acrolein, acetone, methylethylketone, diacetyl, methanol, furan, an unknown compound, No. 6 and an unknown compound, No. 16 in cigarette smoke. 2. Sugars in tobacco leaves are the main precursors of 2-methylfuran and 2, 5-dimethyl-furan in cigarette smoke. 3. Resinous substances in tobacco leaves are the main precursors of isoprene and an unknown compound, No. 2 in cigarette smoke.