gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monomeric Alkyne-Stabilized Complexes of Organo−Copper(I) and −Silver(I) (1999)

The synthesis of heterobimetallic {[Ti](C⋮CR1)2}MX {[Ti] = (η5-C5H4SiMe3)2Ti; M = Cu, R1 = SiMe3: 4a, X = SCF3; 4b, X = SEt; M = Ag, R1 = tBu: 5a, X = OC(O)Me; 5e, X = NO3; M = Ag, R1 = SiMe3: 5b, X = OC(O)Me; 5c, X = OC(O)Ph; 5d, X = NO3} is described. These compounds together with {[Ti](C⋮CR1)2}CuX (4c, R1 = SiMe3, X = SC6H4CH2NMe2-2; 4d, R1 = tBu, X = SC6H4CH2NMe2-2) can be used for the preparation of a large variety of different organo−copper(I) and −silver(I) species. The titanium−copper complexes {[Ti](C⋮CR1)2}CuR2 [R1 = SiMe3: 6a, R2 = C6F5; 6b, R2 = C6H2(CF3)3-2,4,6; 6c, R2 = C6H2Ph3-2,4,6; R1 = tBu: 6d, R2 = C6H2Ph3-2,4,6; 7, R2 = Me] are accessible by the reaction of 4c or 4d with suitable organic nucleophiles. Monomeric organo−silver(I) compounds can be prepared by using different starting materials: While the silver(I) aryls {[Ti](C⋮CSiMe3)2}AgR2 [8a, R2 = C6H2(CF3)3-2,4,6; 8b, R2 = C6H2Ph3-2,4,6] are only available by the reaction of 5b with LiC6H2(CF3)3-2,4,6 or BrMgC6H2Ph3-2,4,6, the silver(I) methyl species {[Ti](C⋮CR1)2}AgMe (9a, R1 = SiMe3; 9b, R1 = tBu) can be synthesized by using 5a, 5b, 5d, or 5e as starting materials. While compounds 6−8 are stable under the reaction conditions applied, 9a already starts to decompose at low temperature: The heterobimetallic titanium−silver acetylide {[Ti](C⋮CSiMe3)(C⋮CAg)}2 (10) is formed by nucleophilic substitution of one of the alkynyl Me3Si groups, whereby SiMe4 is eliminated. Moreover, compounds 6−9 react with Br2 to produce R2−Br along with {[Ti](C⋮CR1)2}MBr (M = Cu; 11a, R1 = tBu; 11b, R1 = SiMe3; M = Ag, 11c, R1 = SiMe3), which yield with equimolar amounts of LiR2 or BrMgR2 the starting materials 6−9 back.The solid-state structures of 4a, 5c, 6c, and 8b are reported. All complexes contain a monomeric (η2-alkyne)2M(η1-X) (4, 5) or (η2-alkyne)2M(η1-R2) (6−9) entity in which the group 11 metal atom M is trigonally coordinated by the two alkynyl ligands C⋮CR1 and the η1-bonded groups X or R2, respectively.
Distribution of <i>Phoma sclerotioides</i> on Alfalfa and Winter Wheat Crops in the North Central United States (2007)

Brown root rot of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), caused by Phoma sclerotioides, has been reported in several states in the northern United States and in western Canada. A survey was conducted to determine the distribution of the fungus in Minnesota and Wisconsin. Isolates of the pathogen were recovered from roots of alfalfa, winter wheat, and perennial ryegrass plants. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1, 5.8S, and ITS2 of the rDNA of the isolates from alfalfa and wheat were identical and matched the sequences of a P. sclerotioides isolate from Wyoming. The fungus was found to be widespread in both states and was detected in roots of alfalfa plants from 17 counties in Minnesota and 14 counties in Wisconsin using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays. A real-time PCR assay was developed that increased sensitivity of detecting the pathogen from plant tissues and soil. The isolates from alfalfa caused disease on inoculated winter wheat plants. Although the fungus was previously found associated with roots of diseased cereal and turfgrass plants, this is the first demonstration of pathogenicity of P. sclerotioides on wheat.
Functional domains in nuclear import factor p97 for binding the nuclear localization sequence receptor and the nuclear pore. (1997)

The interaction of the nuclear protein import factor p97 with the nuclear localization sequence (NLS) receptor, the nuclear pore complex, and Ran/TC4 is important for coordinating the events of protein import to the nucleus. We have mapped the binding domains on p97 for the NLS receptor and the nuclear pore. The NLS receptor-binding domain of p97 maps to the C-terminal 60% of the protein between residues 356 and 876. The pore complex-binding domain of p97 maps to residues 152-352. The pore complex-binding domain overlaps the Ran-GTP- and Ran-GDP-binding domains on p97, but only Ran-GTP competes for docking in permeabilized cells. The N-ethylmaleimide sensitivity of the p97 for docking was investigated and found to be due to inhibition of p97 binding to the pore complex and to the NLS receptor. Site-directed mutagenesis of conserved cysteine residues in the pore- and receptor-binding domains identified two cysteines, C223 and C228, that were required for p97 to bind the nuclear pore. Inhibition studies on docking and accumulation of a NLS protein provided additional evidence that the domains identified biochemically are the functional domains involved in protein import. Together, these results suggest that Ran-GTP dissociates the receptor complex and prevents p97 binding to the pore by inducing a conformational change in the structure of p97 rather than simple competition for binding sites.
IL-4 bypasses the immune suppressive effect of cyclosporin A during the in vitro induction of murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (1988)

We have analyzed at the clonal level the effect of IL-4 on the immune suppressive action of cyclosporin A (CsA) during the in vitro primary activation of anti-MHC alloantigen-reactive murine CD8+ CTL. Although neither IL-4 nor IL-2 alone were able to overcome the CsA-mediated suppression, the addition of IL-4 in the presence of IL-2 restored in a dose-dependent manner the induction of cytolytic activity. On the other hand, CsA greatly impaired proliferative responses of alloantigen-reactive CD8 T cells, thereby operationally dissecting proliferative responsiveness from acquisition of cytolytic activity during primary activation of alloantigen-reactive CD8+ T cells. The existence of a CsA-resistant induction pathway for Ag-specific CD8+ T cell-mediated cytolytic activity may be of relevance for experimental and clinical organ transplantation.
Omittable Planes (2011)

In analogy to omittable lines in the plane, we initiate the study of omittable planes in $3$-space. Given a collection of $n$ planes in real projective $3$-space, a plane $\Pi$ is said to be omittable if $\Pi$ is free of ordinary lines of intersection – in other words, if all the lines of intersection of $\Pi$ with other planes from the collection come at the intersection of three or more planes. We provide two infinite families of planes yielding omittable planes in either a pencil or near-pencil, together with examples having between three and seven omittable planes, examples that we call "sporadic," which do not fit into either of the two infinite families.
In vitro methylation of specific regions of the cloned Moloney sarcoma virus genome inhibits its transforming activity. (1983)

The transforming activity of cloned Moloney sarcoma virus (MSV) proviral DNA was inhibited by in vitro methylation of the DNA at cytosine residues, using HpaII and HhaI methylases before transfection into NIH 3T3 cells. The inhibition of transforming activity due to HpaII methylation was reversed by treatment of the transfected cells with 5-azacytidine, a specific inhibitor of methylation. Analysis of the genomic DNA from the transformed cells which resulted from the transfection of methylated MSV DNA revealed that the integrated MSV proviral DNA was sensitive to HpaII digestion in all cell lines examined, suggesting that loss of methyl groups was necessary for transformation. When cells were infected with Moloney murine leukemia virus at various times after transfection with methylated MSV DNA, the amount of transforming virus produced indicated that the loss of methyl groups occurred within 24 h. Methylation of MSV DNA at HhaI sites was as inhibitory to transforming activity as methylation at HpaII sites. In addition, methylation at both HpaII and HhaI sites did not further reduce the transforming activity of the DNA. These results suggested that; whereas methylation of specific sites on the provirus may not be essential for inhibiting the transforming activity of MSV DNA, methylation of specific regions may be necessary. Thus, by cotransfection of plasmids containing only specific regions of the MSV provirus, it was determined that methylation of the v-mos gene was more inhibitory to transformation than methylation of the viral long terminal repeat.
Graft-vs-host reaction limited to a class II MHC difference results in a selective deficiency in L3T4+ but not in Lyt-2+ T helper cell function. (1987)

Hybrid mice of the (B6 X bm12)F1 combination were inoculated i.v. with parental B6 spleen cells to induce a class II graft-vs-host disease (GVH). Such mice failed to generate in vitro cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses that were dependent upon L3T4+ T helper cell (Th) function (e.g., anti-B6-TNP) but were capable of generating in vitro CTL responses that could be mediated by Lyt-2+ Th cells (anti-allo class I). When Th function was assayed directly by interleukin 2 (IL 2) secretion, class II GVH animals were found to be deficient in L3T4+ but not Lyt-2+ IL 2-secreting Th cells. This selective deficiency in L3T4+ Th function correlates with a selective decrease in class II GVH mice of host-derived derived L3T4+ T cells. In addition, it was found that the spleens of class II GVH mice contained cells capable of selectively suppressing L3T4+ Th function. In contrast, mice in which a class I + II GVH occurred were depleted of both L3T4+ and Lyt-2+ Th function as assessed by IL 2 production. The findings that class II GVH selectively depletes L3T4+ T cells and T cell functions are discussed with respect to the immune function of distinct T cell subsets in normal and diseased states.
INDUCED CIRCULAR DICHROISM OF RACEMIC METHYLCYCLOHEXANONES INCLUDED IN β-CYCLODEXTRIN (1974)

Abstract When cyclohexanone and its methyl derivatives were included in the cavities of cyclodextrins, the induced circular dichroism (CD) bands were observed in the absorption region of n-π* transition of the carbonyl chromophore. The sign of induced CD band of 2-methylcyclohexanone included in β-cyclodextrin was same as that of resolved R-isomer. From these observations the mode of inclusion and structure of β-cyclodextrin complex with methylcyclohexanone were discussed.
Retardation of calcification of bovine Deric~~~ used in bioDrosthetic heart synthetic analogue (1988)

The purpose of this study was to dete~ine if phosphocitrate (PC), a naturally occurring inhibitor of ~l~ification, and its synthetic analogue, ~-sulpho-2-amino t~~a~allylate (SAT), administered either by daily injection or local delivery via Alret osmotic minipump, could inhibit ~lc~ication of glutamldahydapreserved bovine perica~ium used in bioprostheti~ heart valves, subcutaneously implanted in rats. local drug delivery, but not systemic administration, was effective. PC, administered by Alzet minipump (12 mg.kg-‘.day-‘), inhibited calcification significantly (tissue calcium = 5 t- 2 yg/mg dry tissue, mean + SEM), compared with untreated or saline-treated controls (89 f 9 and 49 + 9 ug/mg, respectively). SAT, administered by the same route at both the some and a higher molar dosage, was less potent (tissue calcium = 26 +- 9 ug/mg and 17 ~fr 5 ug/mg, respectively). PC and SAT therapy were not associated with adverse affects. We conclude that locally administered PC and SAT can inhibit intrinsic calcification of bovine pericardium, with PC being more potent.
Nanocrystal/Polymer Composite Photovoltaic Devices (2000)

Unlike conventional solar cells, novel polymeric photovoltaic devices have flexibility, large area processibility and potential low costs. We have constructed devices consisting of a composite of CdSe nanocrystals and poly(3-hexylthiophene). The resulting monochromatic power conversion efficiency is 0.7 %. Since the efficiency in these devices is limited by poor electron transport, we seek to improve the mobility of electrons in the CdSe with nanorods in place of nanocrystals. Devices fabricated with small aspect ratio CdSe nanorods and poly(3-hexythiophene) have enhanced conversion efficiencies up to 2 %. To further increase device efficiencies, soluble nanorods of CdSe were synthesized with aspect ratios reaching 20:1 by controlling the kinetics of nanocrystal growth in lyothermal solutions.
A Pathway-specific Cell Based Screening System to Detect Bacterial Cell Wall Inhibitors. (2002)

A pathway-specific cell-based screen is described to detect compounds that inhibit the biosynthesis of the cell wall of bacteria. The basis for detection is the discovery that the beta-lactamase gene from Citrobacterfreundii, cloned into Escherichia coli, is induced when cells are exposed to known cell wall inhibitors, and not just beta-lactam-based antibiotics. In a wild type host, cell wall inhibitors such as moenomycin, vancomycin, and ramoplanin, which are excluded by the outer membrane, only induce at high concentrations. However, these compounds, as well as fosfomycin, cycloserine, and cefoxitin, induce at concentrations at or below the MIC of a host carrying the envA-mutation, which causes a defect in the outer membrane. As additional proof that induction of beta-lactamase is the direct result of cell wall inhibition, a host strain carrying a temperature-sensitive mutation in the murG gene, whose product converts the cell wall intermediate Lipid I, to Lipid II, also induced beta-lactamase at the restrictive temperature. A protocol is described for screening samples in high-throughput mode.
Role of the Seat in Rear Crash Safety (2002)

Role of the Seat in Rear Crash Safety addresses the historic debate over seatback stiffness, energy absorbing yielding, occupant retention and whiplash prevention; and it provides a scientific foundation for the direction GM pursued in the development and validation of future seat designs. It also describes the multi-year research study into the role of the seat in rear crash safety - first by addressing the need for occupant retention in the more severe rear crashes; and then by addressing the needs for an adequately positioned head restraint and changes in the compliance of the seatback to lower the risks of the whiplash in low-speed crashes. Chapters covered include: Significance of Rear Crash Injuries; A New Procedure to Evaluate Occupant Interactions with the Seat in Rear Crashes ; Role of the Seat in Rear Crash Safety; Performance Criteria for Quasistatic Seat Tests (QST) and Head Restraint Placement; Ultra-High Retention Seat; Human Head, Neck and Torso Responses to Pendulum Impacts on the Back; Self-Aligning Head Restraint (SAHR) System for Whiplash Prevention ; Energy Absorption Properties of Head Restraints Neck Biomechanical Responses with Active Head Restraint Systems: Rear Barrier Test with BioRID and Sled Tests with Hybrid III; High Retention Seat Performance in Quasistatic Seat Tests; Plus much more!
Deficiency of β-arrestin1 ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis with impaired T<sub>H</sub>17 cell differentiation (2013)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease in which interleukin 17 (IL-17)-producing T helper 17 (T(H)17) cells have been critically involved. We show that in patients with RA, the expression of a multifunctional regulator β-arrestin1 was significantly up-regulated in peripheral and synovial CD4(+) T cells, which correlated well with active phases of RA. In collagen-induced arthritis, deficiency of β-arrestin1 ameliorated disease with decreased T(H)17 cell differentiation, proinflammatory cytokine production, synovitis, and cartilage and bone destruction. Further mechanistic study reveals that β-arrestin1 promoted signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation required for T(H)17 cell differentiation through scaffolding the interaction of Janus kinase 1 and STAT3. These findings indicate a critical role for β-arrestin1 in the pathogenesis of collagen-induced arthritis and T(H)17 cell differentiation and suggest β-arrestin1 as a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for RA.
Analysis of the promoter region of the cloned kanamycin resistance gene (kmr) from Streptomyces kanamyceticus. (1989)

The appropriate location and orientation of the kanamycin resistance gene (kmr) cloned on multicopy plasmids were determined by subcloning experiments. The transcription start site was identified by high-resolution S1 mapping and the kmr mRNA was shown to have a long leader of about 400 bp. An additional transcript upstream of the kmr gene was also detected, which ran in the opposite direction and overlapped 2 to 3 nucleotides with the kmr transcript. The presumptive promoter region of this physiologically unidentified RNA was similar to the Escherichia coli promoter consensus sequence both in the -10 and -35 regions, whereas the putative promoter region of the kmr gene exhibited sequence similarities in the -10 region to the promoters of the endoglycosidase H (endoH) and the viomycin phosphotransferase (vph) genes from Streptomyces.
A randomized clinical trial in preterm infants on the effects of a home-based early intervention with the 'CareToy System' (2017)

This trial has been registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (Identifier NCT01990183).
SiOx Thin Film Deposition Using a Hollow Cathode Plasma Source (2002)

This paper describes the features of a HCD (Hollow Cathode Discharge plasma source and the characteristics of SiOx thin films deposited by a plasma source. HCD plasma sources are suitable for high‑ speed Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD such as industrially SiOx deposition processes. Such processes can be operated at low temperatures and are suitable to substrate that can not deal well with high temperatures (such as plastics or resins. Application of the HCD plasma CVD system resulted in deposition rates as high as 27nm/sec.
Comparative microscopic and enzymatic characterization of the leaf necrosis induced in Arabidopsis thaliana by lead nitrate and by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris after foliar spray (1995)

International audience
Comparative study of the intrinsic mechanical properties of the human acetabular and femoral head cartilage (1991)

~Summary: Biphasic creep indentation methodology and an automated indentation apparatus were used to measure the aggregate modulus, Poisson’s ratio, permeability, thickness, creep and recovery equilibrium times, and percentage of recovery of normal articular cartilage in 10 human hip joints. These properties were mapped regionally to examine the mechanical factors involved in the development of site-specific degenerative lesions in the acetabulum and femoral head. The results indicate that there are significant differences between these properties regionally in the acetabulum and femoral head and between the two anatomical structures. Specifically, it was found that cartilage in the superomedial aspect of the femoral head has a 41% larger aggregate modulus than its anatomically corresponding articulating surface in the acetabulum. In addition, the superomedial aspect of the femoral head has the greatest aggregate modulus (1.816 MPa) within the hip joint. During sitting, the inferior portion of the femoral head is in contact with the anterior acetabulum, and the anterior acetabulum has a 53% greater aggregate modulus than the inferior femoral head. This area below the fovea on the femoral head has the least aggregate modulus (0.814 MPa) within the hip joint. These mismatches in the compressive modulus of opposing articulating surfaces may contribute to degeneration of cartilage in the superomedial acetabulum and the inferior femoral head. Our findings support the clinical observation that these areas are frequent sites of early degeneration.
Innovation 101: The story behind the invention of DNATrax (2015)

Lawrence Livermore researcher George Farquar shares the story behind the invention of DNATrax, a cost-effective and highly efficient method to accurately trace contaminated food back to its source. Foodborne illnesses kill roughly 3,000 Americans each year and about 1 in 6 are sickened, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Yet most contaminated foods are never traced back to their source. That’s because existing methods to track tainted food following its supply chain from table to farm are highly inefficient, jeopardizing the health of millions and costing the food industry billions. A typical process to trace food includes interviewing consumers and suppliers and examining every detail of the supply chain, a tedious method that takes weeks at best to complete.
Characterizing the performance benefits of fused CPU/GPU systems using FusionSim (2013)

We use FusionSim to characterize the performance of the Rodinia benchmarks on fused and discrete systems. We demonstrate that the speed-up due to fusion is highly correlated with the input data size. We demonstrate that for benchmarks that benefit most from fusion, a 9.72x speed up is possible for small problem sizes. This speedup reduces to 1.84x with medium or large problem sizes. We study a simple, software-managed coherence solution for the fused system. We find that it imposes a minor performance overhead of 2% for most benchmarks and as high as 5% for some. Finally, we develop an analytical model for the performance benefit that is to be expected from fusion for applications with a simple communication and computation pattern and show that FusionSim follows the predicted performance trend.
Cationic Amphiphiles with Fatty Acyl Chain Asymmetry of Coconut Oil Deliver Genes Selectively to Mouse Lung (2011)

Recent structure-activity studies have revealed a dramatic influence of hydrophobic chain asymmetry in enhancing gene delivery efficacies of synthetic cationic amphiphiles (Nantz, M. H. et al. Mol. Pharmaceutics2010, 7, 786-794; Koynova, R. et al. Mol. Pharmaceutics2009, 6, 951-958). The present findings demonstrate for the first time that such a transfection enhancing influence of asymmetric hydrocarbon chains observed in pure synthetic cationic amphiphiles also works for cationic amphiphiles designed with natural, asymmetric fatty acyl chains of a food-grade oil. Herein, we demonstrate that cationic amphiphiles designed with the natural fatty acyl chain asymmetry of food-grade coconut oil are less cytotoxic and deliver genes selectively to mouse lung. Despite lauroyl chains being the major fatty acyl chains of coconut oil, both the in vitro and In vivo gene transfer efficiencies of such cationic amphiphiles were found to be remarkably superior (>4-fold) to those of their pure dilauroyl analogue. Mechanistic studies involving the technique of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) revealed higher biomembrane fusibility of the cationic liposomes of the coconut amphiphiles than that of the symmetric dilauroyl analogue. AFM study revealed pronounced fusogenic nonlamellar structures of the liposomes of coconut amphiphiles. Findings in the FRET and cellular uptake study, taken together, support the notion that the higher cellular uptake resulting from the more fusogenic nature of the liposomes of coconut amphiphiles 1 are likely to play a dominant role in making the coconut amphiphiles transfection competent.