gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Torque Control of IPMSM in the Field Weakening Region with Improved DC-Link Voltage Utilization (2014)

In the field weakening region, the voltage is utilized to the maximum to minimize the current amplitude. In this paper, the hexagonal voltage limit is considered to increase the voltage and to decrease the current, as a result to reduce the copper loss. At first, an intersection between the hexagonal voltage limit and torque curve was found. Because the intersection lies on the boundary of the hexagon, the equations of the sides of the hexagon were derived. Since the hexagonal voltage limit rotates in the synchronous reference frame, they are a function of the rotor position. Finally, the voltage angle was calculated from the intersection. To reduce the torque ripple, d-axis current feedback was added to the voltage angle. In the simulation and experiment results, an increase of voltage and a decrease of current were observed. In addition, an improvement of the motor and inverter efficiencies was also achieved.
Altered role of microtubules in asialoglycoprotein trafficking in developing liver (1990)

Efficient receptor-mediated endocytosis of asialoglycoprotein by mature liver requires participation of microtubules that convey newly internalized ligand to lysosomes for degradation and receptor back to plasma membrane to continue endocytosis. To ascertain whether microtubular participation in asialoglycoprotein endocytosis is altered during development, we compared endocytosis of 125I-labeled asialoorosomucoid (ASOR) in neonatal rat hepatocytes to that in adult cells, with and without microtubular disruption by colchicine. Control experiments demonstrated that 125I-ASOR degradation in neonatal hepatocytes occurred at 70% of the adult rate during continuous endocytosis, although neonatal surface receptors were only approximately 40% as numerous. Colchicine disruption of microtubules reduced 125I-ASOR degradation and steady-state intracellular ASOR more in adults during continuous endocytosis. Degradation of 125I-ASOR prebound to surface receptors was equally impaired by colchicine in the two groups. Continuous ASOR endocytosis by colchicine-treated adult hepatocytes progressively depleted their surface receptors but minimally in neonates. Unlike colchicine, the protonophore monensin markedly impaired receptor recycling as well as postinternalization ligand trafficking in both neonates and adults. Thus these experiments demonstrate that asialoglycoprotein processing proceeds as efficiently in neonatal as in adult hepatocytes despite a reduced surface receptor population. Microtubules are required to maintain receptors on cell surface as well as for postinternalization trafficking in adult cells. During development, only the latter process substantially requires microtubules, indicating that microtubular participation in protein trafficking is selectively, not uniformly, diminished at this time in life.
Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of aryl and vinylic boron compounds with organic halides. (1988)

A general and convenient method for the stereo-and regioselective synthesis of conjugated alkadienes, alkenynes, arylated alkenes, and heterobiaryls is described. The reaction of (E) -or (Z) -1-alkenylboronates obtainable by hydroboration, with either (E) -or (Z) -1-alkenyl halides in the presence of a catalytic amount of tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium and bases such as sodium alkoxides gives the corresponding (E, E) -, (E, Z) - (Z, E) -and (Z, Z) -alkadienes stereo-and regioselectively, while retaining the configuration of both the starting alkenylboronates and haloalkenes The similar reactions of (E) -and (Z) -1-alkenylboronates with 1-alkynyl, aryl, allylic, and benzylic halides also provide the corresponding couplig products stereosoelectively. The versatility of this method has been demonstrated by the synthesis of some natural products bearing conjugated alkadiene structures. The reaction of arylboronic acids with aryl halides to give unsymmetrical biaryls is also presented. A mechanism of this cross-coupling reaction, which involves the transmetallation between a 1-alkenylborane and an alkoxopalladium (II) complex generated through the metathetical displacement of a halogen atom of RPd (II) X with sodium alkoxide, is proposed.
ChemInform Abstract: o‐Quinonoid Heterocycles: Benzo(c)tellurophene. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Einordnung verlagerter Eckzähne mit individueller Lingualtechnik (2008)

Die Einordnung verlagerter und retinierter Eckzähne gehört zum Behandlungsspektrum jeder kieferorthopädischen Praxis. Der vorliegende Artikel beschreibt den Behandlungsablauf bei einer bilateralen Eckzahnverlagerung im Oberkiefer unter Verwendung einer lingualen Bracketapparatur (Incognito®). Angelehnt an die Behandlungsschritte nach Altounian wird ein klinischer Leitfaden zur Therapie derartiger Problematiken vorgestellt. Die gezeigten therapeutischen Möglichkeiten und Ergebnisse lassen den Einsatz der Lingualtechnik als bevorzugtes Therapiemittel zur Einordnung verlagerter Eckzähne erscheinen.
Tuning the Electron-Phonon Coupling in Multilayer Graphene with Magnetic Fields (2009)

Magneto-Raman scattering study of the E2g optical phonons in multilayer epitaxial graphene grown on a carbon face of SiC is presented. At 4.2 K in magnetic field up to 33 T, we observe a series of well-pronounced avoided crossings each time the optically active inter-Landau level transition is tuned in resonance with the E2g phonon excitation (at 196 meV). The width of the phonon Raman scattering response also shows pronounced variations and is enhanced in conditions of resonance. The experimental results are well reproduced by a model that gives directly the strength of the electron-phonon interaction.
Three-Dimensional Surface Reconstruction Integrating Shading And Sparse Stereo Data (1989)

This paper describes an approach to 3-D surface reconstruction that integrates the information provided by two different sources: stereo vision and local shading analysis. In our scheme a sparse depth map, obtained by a binocular stereo technique, provides an estimate of surface shape that can be refined by local shading information (an orientation map), extracted from one of the stereo pair of intensity images. The proposed local shading analysis is simplified. In fact, illumination direction and line of sight are coincident. This seems to provide better results on surface orientation estimates than do more general methods. The integration process consists of two phases: First, the scene is segmented in connected regions by means of a raw needle map. Second, the surface interpolation is obtained using information extracted from the segmentation process and the sparse depth map. The result of the integrated approach is a good quality, dense depth map. The functionality of the approach has been tested on synthetic data and real data.
Association of NRAMP1 polymorphism with leprosy type but not susceptibility to leprosy per se in west Africans. (2001)

Twin and family studies indicate that host genetic factors influence susceptibility to leprosy and, possibly, leprosy type. Murine studies have suggested a role for the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (Nramp1) gene, which can influence cellular immune responses to intracellular pathogens. We evaluated a variation in the human homolog, NRAMP1, recently associated with tuberculosis susceptibility in West Africa. A total of 273 patients with leprosy and 201 controls from Mali were genotyped for NRAMP1 polymorphisms previously associated with tuberculosis. No association was found with leprosy per se (P = 0.83), but the NRAMP1 3'-untranslated region 4-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism was associated with leprosy type (P = 0.007). Heterozygotes were more frequent among multibacillary than paucibacillary leprosy cases. Thus, variation in or near the NRAMP1 gene may exert an influence on the clinical presentation of leprosy, possibly by influencing cellular immune response type.
The Speciation of Groundwater Contaminated with Coal Pile Leachate at the Savannah River Site, South Carolina (1995)

Modeling the transport of contaminant metals and designing systems for their remediation requires an understanding of the metal`s speciation. Thus, analysis of contaminant speciation and evaluation of the processes that can change the speciation should be done during characterization of the contaminated site. This approach is being used at the Savannah River Site for a metals contaminated site that will serve as a test platform for metals remediation technologies. The site is adjacent to a coal storage pile and the basin that contains the coal pile runoff. A network of well clusters allows definition of the plume, including profiles of contamination with depth. The groundwater is acidic (pH {approx} 2) and contains high concentrations of sulfate (up to 2300 mg/l) and metals, with chromium, nickel, cadmium and lead exceeding drinking water standards. Aluminum and total iron concentrations range up to 1326 mg/l and 7991 mg/l, respectively. Speciation calculations on dissolved contaminants indicate that as much as 65% of the lead, 54% of the cadmium, and 34% of the nickel may be present in sulfate complexes. Chromium occurs predominantly as Cr{sup +3}. There is evidence that some contaminant metals may be associated with colloidal material. Contamination in the groundwater is stratified with concentrations decreasing over a depth range of 3 meters (10 feet). Fluid-rock interactions explain the non-uniform behavior of dissolved components with depth. Mass balance considerations suggest that the interactions are dominated by Kaolinite dissolution coupled with precipitation of phases containing aluminum, ferric iron, silica, and sulfate, as well as co- precipitation of contaminant metals.
Cyclic meso-ionic compounds. Part VIII. 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition reactions of isosydnones (1974)

A. R. McCarthy, W. D. Ollis and C. A. Ramsden, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1974, 624 DOI: 10.1039/P19740000624
An Analysis of Sketching Skill and Its Role in Early Stage Engineering Design (2006)

Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of sketching in design cognition, particularly in the early stages of engineering design. The goal of this preliminary study is to consider the role of a designer’s sketching ability and to examine the potential link between sketching skill and measures of engineering design performance. Sketching ability was evaluated on three distinct aspects relevant to engineering design: visual recall, rendering, and novel visualization. These evaluations were correlated with each other and with measures for sketch fluency, reviewer ranking, and design project outcome. The results of this study suggest that sketching skill is not comprehensive nor is it solely task based. Rather, a designer’s sketching ability lies between these two poles. Positive correlations were found between the quantity of sketches produced and two of the sketching skills that emphasize drawing facility, but a negative correlation was found between sketch quantity and a skill related to mechanism visualization. No conclusive correlations were found between the sketching skills and design outcome and reviewer ranking. This study's findings suggest an important interplay between a designer's ability to sketch and their ability to visualize in their heads or through prototypes. Results also suggest that designers who are given sketch instruction tended to draw more overall.
Decreased Hepatic Nitric Oxide Production Contributes to the Development of Rat Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome (2003)

This study examined the role of decreased nitric oxide (NO) in the microcirculatory obstruction of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS). SOS was induced in rats with monocrotaline. Monocrotaline caused hepatic vein NO to decrease by 30% at 24 hours and by 70% at 72 hours; this decrease persisted throughout late SOS. N G –nitro–L–arginine methyl ester (L–NAME), an inhibitor of NO synthase, exacerbated monocrotaline toxicity, whereas V–PYRRO/NO, a liver–selective NO donor prodrug, restored NO levels, preserved sinusoidal endothelial cell (SEC) integrity and sinusoidal perfusion as assessed by in vivo microscopy and electron microscopy, and prevented clinical and histologic evidence of SOS. NO production in vitro by SEC and Kupffer cells, the 2 major liver cell sources of NO, decreases largely in parallel with loss of cell viability after exposure to monocrotaline. Increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity increases early on in SOS and this increase in activity has been implicated in initiating SOS. Infusion of V–PYRRO–NO prevented the monocrotaline–induced increase in MMP–9. In conclusion, decreased hepatic NO production contributes to the development of SOS. Infusion of an NO donor preserves SEC integrity and prevents development of SOS. These findings show that a decrease in NO contributes to SOS by allowing up–regulation of MMP activity, loss of sinusoidal integrity, and subsequent disruption of sinusoidal perfusion. (Hepatology 2003;38:900-908).
Catalytic Enantioselective 1,6‐Conjugate Addition of Grignard Reagents to Linear Dienoates (2007)

Dual function of catalyst: Both regio- and enantioselectivity are dictated by Cu catalysis using the reversed josiphos ligand. This allows enantioselective 1,6-addition of Grignard reagents to acyclic α,β,γ,δ-unsaturated esters monosubstituted at the β and δ positions (see scheme). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z703702_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Oxygen Transfer from Inorganic and Organic Peroxides to Organic Substrates: A Common Mechanism? (1982)

Abstract In this progress report an attempt is made to rationalize, from a mechanistic point of view, the different ways in which oxygen is transferred from inorganic and organic peroxides to nucleophilic substrates, particularly olefins. Oxygen transfer from transition‐metal peroxides, which is relevant to catalytic oxidations using O 2 , H 2 O 2 or ROOH, occurs via a cyclic or “pseudocyclic” peroxymetalation in which a dioxametallacycle is formed. Owing to the wide discrepancy between peroxymetalation and the conventional oxidation mechanism, i.e. nucleophilic attack of the substrate at the electrophilic “active oxygen”, we propose an alternative mechanism involving dioxiranes as the reactive species. The generation of dioxiranes appears to be a common denominator in the reactions of most organic peroxides e.g. peroxy acids, the reaction of electrophilic ketones with H 2 O 2 , or ozonizations. Oxygen transfer from dioxirane reagents probably involves the formation of a charge‐transfer π‐complex between the substrate and the carbon atom of the dioxirane, and the subsequent formation of a cyclic peroxidic intermediate.
Determination of Individual Acetylenes in Butadiene and in C<sub>4</sub> Hydrocarbon Fractions (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Individual Acetylenes in Butadiene and in C4 Hydrocarbon FractionsR. F. Robey, B. E. Hudson, Jr., and H. K. WieseCite this: Anal. Chem. 1952, 24, 7, 1080–1082Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60067a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60067a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views34Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Factors Affecting the Accuracy of Intraocular Lens Power Calculation with Lenstar (2015)

This retrospective study was performed to compare refractive outcomes measured by conventional methods and by use of the Lenstar biometer and to investigate the factors affecting intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation with Lenstar with and without IOL-constant optimization. The study included 100 eyes of 86 patients who underwent cataract surgery. Corneal curvature was measured with a manual keratometer (MK), automated keratometer (AK), and the Lenstar biometer, and axial length (AL) was measured by A-scan and Lenstar. Mean numerical error (MNE) and mean absolute error (MAE) were compared between AK and MK with A-scan, and Lenstar with and without optimization. Factors affecting the accuracy of the IOL power calculation by use of Lenstar with and without optimization were analyzed. No significant differences were observed in the MNE or MAE among the devices. The proportion of MAE within 0.5 D was higher for Lenstar with optimization (62.7%) than without optimization (46.2%). The proportion of MAE within 0.5 D was 62% and 58% for MK and AK with A-scan, respectively. Without optimization, the MAE was smaller in eyes with ALs between 23 mm and 25 mm (p=0.03), whereas it was smaller at higher corneal powers when the IOL constant was optimized (>44 D, p=0.03). The IOL power calculations showed no significant differences among the devices, but the results of MAE within 0.5 D by use of Lenstar without optimization were worse than those of conventional methods. The AL influenced the accuracy of refractive outcomes determined by using Lenstar without optimization, and corneal curvature was shown to affect the accuracy of refractive measurements using Lenstar with optimization.
Design considerations and tools for low-voltage digital system design (1996)

Aggressive voltage scaling to 1V and below through technology, circuit, and architecture optimization has been proven to be the key to ultra low-power design. The key technology trends for low-voltage operation are presented including low-threshold devices, multiple-threshold devices, and SOI and bulk CMOS based variable threshold devices. The requirements on CAD tools that allow designers to choose and optimize various technology, circuit, and system parameters are also discussed.
Designing Ligands for Oxidizing Complexes (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleDesigning Ligands for Oxidizing ComplexesTerrence J. CollinsCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1994, 27, 9, 279–285Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00045a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00045a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2207Altmetric-Citations239LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Natural history of intracranial aneurysms in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (2017)

Our observations support repeat imaging for IAs in patients with ADPKD, positive family history of IA, and negative result of initial screening. Additionally, efforts should be made to develop clinical and/or laboratory risk factors for IAs development in ADPKD patients without family history of IA, which enable to identify patients who should undergo repeat imaging for IAs.
Development of a dry actuation conducting polymer actuator for micro-optical zoom lenses (2008)

The objective of the present work is to demonstrate the efficiency and feasibility of NBR (Nitrile Butadiene Rubber) based conducting polymer actuator that is fabricated into a micro zoon lens driver. Unlike the traditional conducting polymer that normally operates in a liquid, the proposed actuator successfully provides fairly effective driving performance for the zoom lens system in a dry environment. And this paper is including the experiment results for an efficiency improvement. The result suggested by an experiment was efficient in micro optical zoom lens system. In addition, the developed design method of actuator was given consideration to design the system.
ChemInform Abstract: HIV Protease (HIV PR) Inhibitor Structure‐Activity‐Selectivity, and Active Site Molecular Modeling of High Affinity Leu(CH(OH)CH2)Val Modified Viral and Nonviral Substrate Analogs. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.