gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High efficiency and low-cost switched reluctance motor for air-conditioner blower (2003)

To date, induction motors have mainly been used for heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) applications, however there is significant research being done world-wide on the use of switched reluctance motor (SRM) in home appliances. So far the electronics cost of SRM drives makes it uneconomical to expand their application to home appliances but it is the objective of this paper to present SRM for use as air-conditioner blowers with both cost merit, and good performance expectations compared to conventional induction motors. This paper proposes a new power device drive scheme using SRM switching characteristics which is both simple and inexpensive. It will also adopt the dwell time control method for minimum switching of the power device. By use of this scheme, SRM drives can be fabricated with rugged power devices incurring very small switching losses. Furthermore, the control method shows a very robust and reliable drive even in cases of torque disturbance or overload condition without current sensors. This SRM design also adopts a bobbin type winding and printed circuit board (PCB) connection between bobbins, which includes a single rotor position sensor assembly. This production method reduces winding time by half compared to conventional winding process. Acoustic noise is a potentially severe problem with SRM depending upon the home appliance application. This problem is remedied by the mechanical structure and control algorithm. Additionally, the proposed SRM achieves a 15% higher efficiency with lower cost, compared to the conventional use of induction! motor And lastly, the SRM can be fabricated to be 20% more compact, and run with a wider speed range than conventional motors.
Flawed leadership : cascading throughout the organisation (2006)

Extracted from text ... W 
Flawed leadership: 
cascading throughout the organisation 
16 Management Today August 2006 
Dr Stuart Allen has a doctorate in 
organisational leadership and is a 
leadership development facilitator for 
the Centre for Applied Leadership 
Excellence (CALE). CALE is a centre of 
excellence focused on developing leaders 
to lead rather than just know about 
leadership. CALE operates on a nonprofit 
basis, complementing its range of 
corporate training and development 
services with a strong social focus 
through providing sponsored leadership 
training to non-profit and NGO leaders. 
We have all worked with leaders who 
scarcely deserve the title, being regarded 
rather as fire ..
Optical Flow Estimation: An Error Analysis of Gradient-Based Methods with Local Optimization (1987)

Multiple views of a scene can provide important information about the structure and dynamic behavior of three-dimensional objects. Many of the methods that recover this information require the determination of optical flow-the velocity, on the image, of visible points on object surfaces. An important class of techniques for estimating optical flow depend on the relationship between the gradients of image brightness. While gradient-based methods have been widely studied, little attention has been paid to accuracy and reliability of the approach. Gradient-based methods are sensitive to conditions commonly encountered in real imagery. Highly textured surfaces, large areas of constant brightness, motion boundaries, and depth discontinuities can all be troublesome for gradient-based methods. Fortunately, these problematic areas are usually localized can be identified in the image. In this paper we examine the sources of errors for gradient-based techniques that locally solve for optical flow. These methods assume that optical flow is constant in a small neighborhood. The consequence of violating in this assumption is examined. The causes of measurement errors and the determinants of the conditioning of the solution system are also considered. By understanding how errors arise, we are able to define the inherent limitations of the technique, obtain estimates of the accuracy of computed values, enhance the performance of the technique, and demonstrate the informative value of some types of error.
Life-like communication agent-emotion sensing character "MIC" and feeling session character "MUSE" (2002)

Why do people, regardless of age or gender, have an affinity for objects manifested in the human form? From the earthen figures of ancient times to mechanical dolls, teddy bears and robots, is it not true that man has conceived such objects in his imagination, then formed attachments and transferred emotions to them? In this paper, we address the issues of communication and esthetics of artificial life that possess this "human form" in modern society, both from artistic and engineering standpoints. An example is presented in which emotions are interpreted from human voices and emotional responses are triggered within the interactive setting of "MIC & MUSE". MIC is a cute male child who is an emotion communication character. MUSE is a goddess; she has the capability of musical communication.
Acoustooptical pulse modulators (1970)

A theoretical analysis of acoustooptical pulse modulators is given. Calculations are carried out that yield the intensity and rise time of the scattered light. The optimum relationship between the dimensions of the optical and acoustic beam is given. A fast high-efficiency modulator has been built based on the theoretical results. The modulator is composed of a 350-MHz ZnO transducer sputtered on a quartz acoustic lens and an As <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> S <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> glass serving as the modulating material. With 0.6 watt of electrical RF peak power driving the modulator, 70 percent of the light intensity (at 0.63μ) is deflected. The rise time of the scattered light pulse is of the order of 6 ns.
Action Recognition in Motion Capture Data Using a Bag of Postures Approach (2014)

In this paper we introduce a novel method for movement recognition in motion capture data. A movement is regarded as a combination of basic movement patterns, the so-called dynemes. Initially a K-means variant that takes into account the periodic nature of angular data is applied on training data to discover the most discriminative dynemes. Each frame is then assigned to one of these dynemes and a histogram that describes the frequency of occurrence of these dynemes for each movement is constructed. SVM classification and sparse representation based classification are used for movement recognition on the test data. The effectiveness and robustness of this method is shown through experimental results on a standard dataset of motion capture data.
Analysis of Diesel Fuel Contamination in Soils by Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectrometry and Solid Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography (1999)

A feasibility study was undertaken to determine whether the rapid, nondestructive analytical technology, near-infrared reflectance spectrometry (NIRS) could be used to predict total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) in contaminated soil. Hydrocarbon concentrations were determined on samples of diesel-contaminated soils by the solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography (SPME-GC) method. The same samples were then scanned for near-infrared reflectance spectrometry over the wavelength range 1100 to 2498 nm. Calibrations were developed between the NIR spectral data and the reference SPME-GC chemical data using stepwise multiple linear regression. Linear regression relationships between NIR-predicted TPH concentrations and reference data had r2 of 0.68 and 0.72. These results indicate that the combination of NIRS and SPME-GC shows promise as a method for rapid estimation of TPH in soil. A major hurdle in the evaluation of methodology for hydrocarbons residues in soil is the challenge posed by the weathering of such residues.
The brevianamides: a new class of fungal alkaloid (1969)

A. J. Birch and J. J. Wright, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1969, 644b DOI: 10.1039/C2969000644B
A low power 100 MHz all digital delay-locked loop (2002)

All digital DLL is designed for synchronization of high frequency VLSI system with low power consumption and small area. Two new design method features are presented. First, the operation is described by Verilog HDL and verified. Second, using the circuit level simulations and optimizations, low power consumption and high speed is achieved. The simulation results show that the power consumption is 3.2 mW at 100 MHz, 2.0 V supply voltage without driver buffers; the area is 0.1 mm/sup 2/ and the proposed DLL has no jitter.
A Cluster-Based Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Network Using Eigenvalue Detection Technique with Superposition Approach (2015)

Cognitive radio (CR) networks have been active area of research because of its ability to opportunistically share the spectrum. A cluster-based cooperative spectrum sensing (CCSS) has a tremendous impact on sensing reliability compared with cooperative spectrum sensing. The energy detection (ED) technique requires perfect knowledge of noise power. An eigenvalue-based spectrum sensing has mitigated the noise uncertainty problem. Sensing and reporting time slots are rigidly separated in the conventional ED and eigenvalue-based detection (EVD) schemes. In CCSS, more reporting time slots are required as the number of CR users (CRUs) increases. If the reporting time slots of other CRUs as sensing time slots with a superposition allocation, the more reliable channel sensing can be achieved. In this paper, we propose CCSS using EVD technique with a superposition approach scheme where the reporting time slot is properly utilized to sense the primary user's (PU's) signal more accurately by rescheduling the reporting time slot for CRUs and cluster heads (CHs). Simulation result shows that the proposed EVD scheme has better detection probability than the conventional CCSS using both ED and EVD techniques.
Kinematic Fundamentals of Planar Harmonic Drives (2011)

This paper presents the kinematic model and offers a rigorous analysis and description of the kinematics of planar harmonic drives. In order to reflect the fundamental kinematic principle of harmonic drives, the flexspline of a harmonic drive is assumed to be a ring without a cup. A tooth on the flexspline is a rigid body, and the motion of the tooth is fully governed by the wave generator and the nominal transmission ratio of the harmonic drive. The proposed model depicts the flexspline tooth and the wave generator as a cam-follower mechanism, with the follower executing a combined translating and oscillating motion. With the rigid tooth motion obtained, the conjugate condition between the flexspline and the circular spline is determined, from which the conjugate tooth profile can be derived. In this paper, the motion is governed by geometry, and the flexibility of the flexspline only serves as a spring to maintain the contact between the cam and the follower. For any wave generator and any transmission ratio, the explicit expression of the conjugate condition is presented. For a given circular or flexspline tooth profile, the exact conjugate tooth profile can be obtained. The phenomenon of twice engagement is discussed for the first time.
Speech intelligibility in noise-induced hearing loss: Effects of high-frequency compensation (1980)

The speech-recognition ability of six listeners with permanent noise-induced hearing losses above 1 kHz was evaluated with the Pascoe High-Frequency Work List spoken by a female talker and presented in the field. In experiment I the words were presented at five intensity levels through five different amplification systems (one with a uniform response and four with increasing amounts of high-frequency emphasis). In experiment II the frequency response of the system associated with the highest scores in experiment I was modified in four ways: elimination of frequences above 6.3 kHz, addition and deletion of 1/3-octave emphasis at the low-frequency boundary of the hearing loss, and addition of 6-dB high-frequency emphasis. The frequency response that was associated with the highest word-identification score for each listener had between 20 and 33 dB more gain in the frequency region of the hearing loss than did the uniform response. Three major factors were found to affect the work-identification scores: audibility of the speech energy, separation of the third-octave-band levels of the words from the discomfort threshold, and balance between the low- and high-frequency levels of the speech signal.
A comparison of three methods to regenerate activated carbon saturated by diesel fuels (2014)

Abstract The three regeneration methods (thermal treatment, ultrasonication, and solvent extraction) were studied to regenerate the adsorptive capacity of the activated carbons (ACs) that were saturated by the nitrogen and sulphur containing compounds of diesel fuels. This is one of the few reports that give attention to the regeneration of heteroaromatic compounds contaminated ACs. Both model diesel and light cycled oil (LCO) were served as feedstocks. High regeneration rates can be obtained for all three approaches when model diesel was used as the feed. As model diesel was replaced by LCO, a significant drop in capacity restoration can be observed for the first few cycles and then the decrease rate slowed down. Solvent extraction outperformed the other two methods. The causes to lower regeneration performance were also analysed. It is shown that the regenerated carbons had a lower porosity and surface area and fewer surface oxygen functional groups than fresh carbon regardless of the regeneration methods employed. Significant micropore blockage was observed in the carbon regenerated by the thermal approach due to the coke deposit under thermal conditions. Mesopores formed during the regeneration by ultrasonication are considered to promote the carbon adsorption capacity.
A systematic approach to produce small courseware modules for combined learning and knowledge management environments (2002)

Combining technology enabled learning and knowledge management is a very promising strategy to systematic competence building in software organizations. In order to set-up a combined learning and knowledge management environment and to support organization members in packaging small chunks of knowledge into courseware modules, Fraunhofer IESE developed the IntView-KM methodology. IntView-KM defines how to provide the organizational, methodological, and technological prerequisites that enable software engineers to produce small courseware modules (contents) as a byproduct of their daily work.This paper presents the two phases of the IntView-KM methodology. Furthermore, tool support for courseware module production is recommended and the existing tool support summarized. Finally, experiences in applying IntView-KM and results of a first evaluation of the tool support for IntView-KM are described.
Priority based Dynamic Packet Assignment for Multipath Routing in Multihop Networks (2012)

With the prevalence of wireless video applications, QoS of wireless video transmission in resource-limited wireless networks attract more and more researchers’ attention. In network layer, how to perform video packet assignment in multipath routing is a key issue. In this paper, we develop a simple but efficient, priority based dynamic assignment algorithm for multipath routing. The idea of this algorithm is to assign packet to a suitable path dynamically based on the priority of a video packet, quality difference between different paths and coding structure of the streaming video sequence. Simulation results show that our novel algorithm outperforms single path routing algorithm and other multipath routing algorithms significantly in packet receiving and average PSNR performance.
Methods for improving the sensitivity and specificity of the fibrin plate (1972)

Fibrinogen prepared by the method of Blombäck and Blombäck is most suitable with respect to sensitivity and stability for the estimation of urokinase by the fibrin plate technique. Adding plasminogen to a concentration of around 0.5 casein units/ml 0.2 g% clottable fibrinogen provides substrate conditions of optimal sensitivity and reproducibility.
Feature-fusion based audio-visual speech recognition using lip geometry features in noisy enviroment (2015)

Humans are often able to compensate for noise degradation and uncertainty in speech information by augmenting the received audio with visual information. Such bimodal perception generates a rich combination of information that can be used in the recognition of speech. However, due to wide variability in the lip movement involved in articulation, not all speech can be substantially improved by audio-visual integration. This paper describes a feature-fusion audio-visual speech recognition (AVSR) system that extracts lip geometry from the mouth region using a combination of skin color filter, border following and convex hull, and classification using a Hidden Markov Model. The comparison of the new approach with conventional audio-only system is made when operating under simulated ambient noise conditions that affect the spoken phrases. The experimental results demonstrate that, in the presence of audio noise, the audio-visual approach significantly improves speech recognition accuracy compared with audio-only approach.
Die Wirkungsweise herbizidaler Chloracetamide (2001)

This study verifies the significance of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), consisting of more than 18 carbon atoms, for the vitality of higher plants. The key enzyme of VLCFA biosynthesis, the extraplastidary fatty acid elongase, is shown for the first time to be the primary target site of chloroacetamide herbicides.<br />With an analysis of the fatty acid composition and the metabolism of 14C-labelled precursors (sterate, malonate, acetate), the reduction of VLCFAs was determined in vivo. The inhibition of the recombinant protein substantiates the first and rate-limiting step of VLCFA biosynthesis, the condensation of acyl-CoA with malonyl-CoA to b-ketoacyl-CoA, to be the primary target site of chloroacetamides (I50 = 10-100 nM).<br />The concentration of VLCFAs within the untreated cell is low, the very-long-chain compounds are found mainly in plasma membrane lipids and epicuticular waxes. A shift of fatty acids towards shorter chain length or even the complete depletion of very-long-chain components is the consequence of the inhibition of VLCFA biosynthesis. Especially the loss of plasma membrane VLCFAs is involved in phytotxic effects of chloroacetamides such as the inhibition of membrane biogenesis and mitosis.
The new Pegasus (2005)

Subtitle: Pegasus Aviation is expanding and, with the help of Oaktree Capital Management and an ex-Boeing salesman, this will continue over the next decade.
Study of the elastic properties of the lithium tantalate crystal by theBrillouin laser light scattering (2000)

The preparation of an experiment is described and measured
					values of elastic constants of the piezoelectric LiTaO3 crystal, which belongs
					to the rhomboedral symmetry system, are given. As the experimental method, the
					Brillouin laser light scattering was applied and the constants from the
					hypersonic range of frequencies were measured. Appropriate conditions for the
					experimental configurations were determined by the use of a formalism based on
					the looking for eigenvalues of a so-called characteristic matrix which is a
					function of direction of the acoustic wave propagation and the elastic constants
					of the medium. Not all the measurement results are in full agreement with
					calculations based on ultrasonic data. A dispersion in the velocity of the
					acoustic waves can be observed for some direction of propagation due to the
					elastic constant changes in the hypersonic frequency range.
Agent-Oriented Software Modeling with UML Approach (2000)

iewof Intra agent model. Each goal has the hierarchy so that they can be divided by several sub-goals. These goals can bemap ed into the agents and therelationship among agents accord with that in the goal-hierarchy diagram. This connection can show how agents coop erate with one another. 3.3.2 Belief Model Belief is considered to be data that an agent already p ossesses. t contains information about the environment and the agent itself. This data should beup dated if necessary. This information is used to establish the agent&apos;s knowledge base, or Ontology, which can be built using Ontolingua [14] or K F (Knowledge nterchange Format) [15]. The rules that determine what kind of information goes into di#erent ontologies are listed below. 1. Ontology that can be established in the early stage . nformation about Protocol or ACL (Agent Communication Language) for the agent&apos;s communication can be established as Ontology in the early stage. 2. Ontology that needs toup date cont...
Ancient Adaptive Evolution of the Primate Antiviral DNA-Editing Enzyme APOBEC3G (2004)

Host genomes have adopted several strategies to curb the proliferation of transposable elements and viruses. A recently discovered novel primate defense against retroviral infection involves a single-stranded DNA-editing enzyme, APOBEC3G, that causes hypermutation of HIV. The HIV-encoded virion infectivity factor (Vif) protein targets APOBEC3G for destruction, setting up a genetic conflict between the APOBEC3G and Vif genes. This kind of conflict leads to rapid fixation of mutations that alter amino acids at the protein-protein interface, referred to as positive selection. We show that the APOBEC3G gene has been subject to strong positive selection throughout the history of primate evolution. Unexpectedly, this selection appears more ancient than, and is likely only partially caused by, modern lentiviruses. Furthermore, five additional APOBEC genes in the human genome appear to be engaged in similar genetic conflicts, displaying some of the highest signals for positive selection in the human genome. Despite being only recently discovered, editing of RNA and DNA may thus represent an ancient form of host defense in primate genomes.
Sample size tables for exact single‐stage phase II designs (2001)

Tables for single-phase II trials based on the exact binomial distribution are presented. These are preferable to those generated using Fleming's design, which are based on the normal approximation and can give rise to anomalous results. For example, if the upper success rate is accepted, the lower success rate, which the trial is designed to reject, may be included in the final confidence interval for the proportion being estimated.