gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Insights into the Methodology of L-Arginine-Induced Acute Pancreatitis (2015)

Animal models are ideal to study the pathomechanism and therapy of acute pancreatitis (AP). The use of L-arginine-induced AP model is nowadays becoming increasingly popular in mice. However, carefully looking through the literature, marked differences in disease severity could be observed. In fact, while setting up the L-arginine (2×4 g/kg i.p.)-induced AP model in BALB/c mice, we found a relatively low rate (around 15%) of pancreatic necrosis, whereas others have detected much higher rates (up to 55%). We suspected that this may be due to differences between mouse strains. We administered various concentrations (5-30%, pH = 7.4) and doses (2×4, 3×3, or 4×2.5 g/kg) of L-arginine-HCl in BALB/c, FVB/n and C57BL/6 mice. The potential gender-specific effect of L-arginine was investigated in C57BL/6 mice. The fate of mice in response to the i.p. injections of L arginine followed one of three courses. Some mice (1) developed severe AP or (2) remained AP-free by 72 h, whereas others (3) had to be euthanized (to avoid their death, which was caused by the high dose of L-arginine and not AP) within 12 h., In FVB/n and C57BL/6 mice, the pancreatic necrosis rate (about 50%) was significantly higher than that observed in BALB/c mice using 2×4 g/kg 10% L-arginine, but euthanasia was necessary in a large proportion of animals, The i.p. injection of lower L-arginine concentrations (e.g. 5-8%) in case of the 2×4 g/kg dose, or other L-arginine doses (3×3 or 4×2.5 g/kg, 10%) were better for inducing AP. We could not detect any significant differences between the AP severity of male and female mice. Taken together, when setting up the L-arginine-induced AP model, there are several important factors that are worth consideration such as the dose and concentration of the administered L arginine-HCl solution and also the strain of mice.
Analysis of low-velocity impact on composite sandwich panels using an assumed strain solid element (2002)

본 논문에서는 저속충격을 받는 복합재 샌드위치 평판의 동적 거동에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 접촉 하중의 산출을 위해서 Hertz의 접촉법칙을 새로이 수정하는 방법을 제시했는데, 지수를 줄이는 방법과 심재의 두께방향의 탄성계수의 값을 줄여 등가 탄성계수를 계산하는 방법을 사용했다. 접촉하중을 산출하는 비선형 방정식은 Newton-Raphson 방법을 사용하여 계산하였고, 시간적분에는 Newmark-beta 방법을 사용하였다. 이러한 기법과 18절점 가정변형률 솔리드 요소를 적용하여 저속충격 해석용 유한요소 프로그램을 개발했다. 이 프로그램을 이용하여 다양한 복합재 샌드위치 평판의 저속충격에 대한 동적 거동을 해석하였다. 제안된 접촉법칙을 적용한 해석결과를 분석하여 볼 때, 대부분의 경우에서 접촉하중과 접촉시간이 실험결과와 대체로 일치함을 확인하였다. Low-velocity impact on composite sandwich panel has been investigated. Contact force is computed from a proposed modified Hertzian contact law. The Hertzian contact law is constructed by adjusting numerical value of the exponent and reducing the through-the- thickness elastic constant of honeycomb core. The equivalent transverse elastic constant is calculated from the rule of mixture. Nonlinear equation to calculate the contact force is solved by the Newton-Raphson method and time integration is done by the Newmark-beta method. A finite element program for the low-velocity impact analysis is coded by implementing these techniques and an 18-node assumed strain solid element. Behaviors of composite sandwich panels subjected to low-velocity impact are analyzed for various cases with different geometry and lay-ups. It has been found that the present code with the proposed contact law can predict measured contact forces and contact times for most cases within reasonable error bounds.
Digital signal processing with the TMS320C25 (1990)

A Digital Signal Processing Development System The TMS320C25 Digital Signal Processor Input/Output Introduction to the Z-Transform and Difference Equations Finite Impulse Response Filters Infinite Impulse Response Filters Fast Fourier Transform Adaptive Filters Digital Signal Processing Applications: Student Projects and Laboratory Exercises Appendices Index.
Following data threads (2017)

This chapter introduces the concept of data threads, used them to follow the material and discursive construction of infant mortality data in Toronto, and explores theoretical positions that underlie them. It illustrates the data threads approach through a story of infant mortality statistics. The chapter compares data threads to data journeys in terms of materiality and spatiality. As data are translated and put to work in various settings, the chapter suggests that Star and Lampland risk becoming further disentangled from the phenomena they are intended to represent. It concludes by reflecting briefly on the ethical and political work that data threads perform in revealing the invisibilities of infrastructure. Data threads promise a way to draw attention to the bracketing-off of the materiality and material practices that bring about data, as well as the discursive and ideological regimes that allow them to take form.
Broken Valve Boxes Repaired Instead of Replaced (1988)

A method of replacing only the damaged section of broken concrete valve boxes is described.
A PDA-based flexible telecommunication system for telemedicine applications (2005)

Technology has been used to deliver health care at a distance for many years. Telemedicine is a rapidly growing area and recently there are studies devoted to prehospital care of patients in emergency cases. In this work we have developed a compact, reliable, and low cost PDA-based telecommunication device for telemedicine applications to transmit audio, still images, and vital signs from a remote site to a fixed station such as a clinic or a hospital in real time. This was achieved based on a client-server architecture. A Pocket PC, a miniature camera, and a hands-free microphone were used at the client site and a desktop computer running the Windows XP operating system was used as a server. The server was located at a fixed station. The system was implemented on TCP/IP and HTTP protocol. Field tests have shown that the system can reliably transmit still images, audio, and sample vital signs from a simulated remote site to a fixed station either via a wired or wireless network in real time. The Pocket PC was used at the client site because of its compact size, low cost and processing capabilities.
The death of distance (1997)

Analisis tajam tentang perubahan yang terjadi dalam industri telekomunikasi dan pengaruhnya yang besar terhadap bisnis dan masyarakat. Belum pernah sebelumnya dalam sejarah manusia teknologi berubah secepat yang terjadi sekarang. Perubahan terbesar terjadi dalam komunikasi dan komputer, yang digabungkan dengan cara baru dan menakjubkan. Tiga set teknologi - telepon, telvision, komputer - kini berpacu lebih cepat dari sebelumnya. Hasilnya adalah revolusi komunikasi yang masih dalam tahap awal, dan yang menjadi latar belakang buku ini oleh editor The Economist Media Frances Cairncross. Tapi kecepatan perubahan itu telah melampaui kemampuan manusia untuk memanfaatkannya. Teknologi sedang mencari kegunaan daripada cara lain. Banyak hal menjadi mungkin - tetapi orang mungkin tidak menginginkannya, atau di timur mungkin tidak bersedia membayarnya. Sebuah permainan tebak-tebakan raksasa sedang berlangsung, untuk mencoba melihat ke mana revolusi komunikasi akan mengarah, dan buku ini menawarkan beberapa kemungkinan jawaban. Satu hal yang pasti - berkat teknologi dan persaingan di telekomunikasi, jarak tidak akan menjadi masalah dalam waktu dekat, dan pengaruhnya terhadap bisnis dan masyarakat akan dramatis.
Effective connecting architecture for tandem organic light-emitting devices (2005)

An effective connecting structure for tandem organic light-emitting devices is reported. The connecting structure consists of a thin metal layer as the common electrode, a hole-injection layer containing MoO3 on one side of the common electrode, and an electron-injection layer involving Cs2CO3 on the other side. Such a connecting structure permits efficient opposite hole and electron injection into two adjacent emitting units and gives tandem devices superior electrical and optical performances. Furthermore, the present connecting structure involves no sputtering or handling of reactive metals during device fabrication and can be prepared purely by thermal evaporation, thus rendering device processing more feasible.
Alveolar subphase pH in the lungs of anesthetized rabbits. (1981)

We measured the pH of the alveolar subphase fluid by puncturing the most superficial alveoli of the exposed lungs of anesthetized rabbits with H+-selective and nonselective KCl microelectrodes. In these experiments, we bathed the lung surface with paraffin oil or buffered Ringer's solutions that had a CO2 tension of 40 Torr (1 Torr = 133.3 Pa) and found an alveolar pH of 6.92 +/- 0.01 (mean +/- sEM). When the pH of the surface buffer was below 6.7 or above 7.5, alveolar pH varied with surface buffer pH. With the nonselective electrode, we did not find a significant electrical potential difference between the alveolar fluid and the pleural surface. These results are consistent with active transport of H+ (or HCO3(-) across alveolar epithelium.
Interleukin-17 and interleukin-23 are elevated in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with ALS: a reflection of Th17 cells activation? (2010)

Our findings suggest that these molecules may be involved in the pathogenetic mechanisms acting as potential markers of Th17 cells activation in ALS.
The Distribution of Astrocytes, Oligodendroglia and Myelin in Normaland Transplanted Rat Superior Colliculus: An Immunohistochemical Study (1993)

Immunohistochemical methods have been used to determine the distribution of macroglia and myelin in the normal rat superior colliculus (SC) and in grafts of fetal tectal tissue. The fetal tissue was derived from 15 day-old (E15) rat embryos and was transplanted onto the midbrain of newborn host rats of the same (PVG/c) strain. Antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) were used to visualize astrocytes and oligodendroglia respectively. Myelin was immunostained with antibodies to either proteolipid protein (PLP) or myelin basic protein (MBP). In the normal SC, GFAP positive astrocytes were found scattered throughout the SC, particularly in the superficial layers. They were especially prominent at the pial surface, around major blood vessels and at the midline between the two colliculi. CAII immunoreactive oligodendroglia and associated myelin were also found throughout the SC; by far the lowest density was seen in the stratum griseum superficiale (SGS). Both types of macroglia cell were found in abundance in tectal transplants, indicating that the precursors of these glial types were present in the E15 rat mesencephalon. In mature grafts, large numbers of fibrous astrocytes were found throughout the neuropil and the level of GFAP immunoreactivity was consistently greater than in host SC. Astrocytes seemed to be maintained in a reactive, perhaps immature state within the grafted tissue. Tectal transplants possessed large numbers of fully differentiated CAII-positive oligodendroglia and the grafts contained a dense network of myelinated axons. However the distribution of CAII and PLP immunoreactivity was not homogeneous; there were localized, well-defined regions that contained few oligodendroglia and relatively little myelin. These areas stained intensely for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and were almost certainly homologous to the SGS of normal SC. The relative lack of oligodendroglia in the AChE stained patches in grafts and in SGS in situ suggests that local factors influencing the proliferation and distribution of oligodendroglia in normal SC may have been operating in a similar manner within the tectal transplant neuropil.
Single-Shot Refinement Neural Network for Object Detection (2017)

For object detection, the two-stage approach (e.g., Faster R-CNN) has been achieving the highest accuracy, whereas the one-stage approach (e.g., SSD) has the advantage of high efficiency. To inherit the merits of both while overcoming their disadvantages, in this paper, we propose a novel single-shot based detector, called RefineDet, that achieves better accuracy than two-stage methods and maintains comparable efficiency of one-stage methods. RefineDet consists of two inter-connected modules, namely, the anchor refinement module and the object detection module. Specifically, the former aims to (1) filter out negative anchors to reduce search space for the classifier, and (2) coarsely adjust the locations and sizes of anchors to provide better initialization for the subsequent regressor. The latter module takes the refined anchors as the input from the former to further improve the regression and predict multi-class label. Meanwhile, we design a transfer connection block to transfer the features in the anchor refinement module to predict locations, sizes and class labels of objects in the object detection module. The multi-task loss function enables us to train the whole network in an end-to-end way. Extensive experiments on PASCAL VOC 2007, PASCAL VOC 2012, and MS COCO demonstrate that RefineDet achieves state-of-the-art detection accuracy with high efficiency. Code is available at https://github.com/sfzhang15/RefineDet
Effect of Oil Composition on Minimum Miscibility Pressure—Part 1: Solubility of Hydrocarbons in Dense CO2 (1987)

Summary This paper examines the effect of oil composition on the phase behavior of CO2/hydrocarbon mixtures and, hence, on the development of miscibility in a CO2 flood. Results of component-partitioning measurements are reported for mixtures of CO2 with five synthetic oil systems: normal alkanes, branched alkanes, naphthenes, aromatics, and a mixture of all four molecular types. The results of the experiments indicate that unsubstituted ring structures are less soluble in dense CO2 than branched or normal alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms, but that the addition of alkyl side chains to ring structures improves their solubility. Also reported are component-partitioning measurements for mixtures of CO2 with three crude oils: Rock Creek (paraffinic), Maljamar (more aromatic), and Rock Creek plus 15 wt% of a mixture of aromatic components. The experimental results suggest that of the many factors that influence extraction of hydrocarbons by dense CO2, the distribution of molecular weights present in the oil is the most important.
Firing properties of hippocampal neurons in a visually symmetrical environment: contributions of multiple sensory cues and mnemonic processes (1990)

The location-specific firing of hippocampal place cells can easily be brought under the control of experimenter-defined cues. Nevertheless, there is evidence that these firing fields are not determined just by immediate sensory input, but also by earlier states of the nervous system (O'Keefe and Speakman, 1987). Here, we report further on the roles of multiple visual cues and mnemonic processes in determining the firing of place cells. Rats were trained to chase food pellets in a cylinder with homogeneous gray walls and 1 white cue card. After a cell's field was recorded in this "standard" condition, probe sessions were conducted in which a second card was placed 180 degrees away from the first. This configuration created a diametrically symmetrical environment in which pairs of locations 180 degrees apart were identical with respect to views of the wall and cards. If place cells are strongly controlled by these immediately available views, firing in the 2-card configuration should be diametrically symmetrical. Alternatively, because the rat moves freely in the cylinder, information is available that pairs of visually identical places are not truly the same. If some mnemonic process stores and updates information about the rat's paths during the session, it is possible that the firing pattern will be different in 2 such places, especially because the original training was conducted in the 1-card, asymmetrical environment. Thirteen of 18 cells had a single, asymmetric firing pattern after the second card was introduced; the field was the same size and shape as in the 1-card configuration and in the same spatial relation to 1 of the 2 cards. The field position during 2-card sessions could be rotated 180 degrees by starting the rat by one card or the other. In further probe sessions in which the cue cards, entry location, and background cues were, in various combinations, rotated in relation to each other, these cells always showed a single field, similar in size and shape to that in the standard, and in the same relationship as in the standard to as many cues as possible. The remaining 5 cells showed complex changes over repeated 2-card sessions, and 3 of these showed paired fields, 180 degrees apart for at least some of the sessions. In one case, the second field disappeared with repeated exposures to 2 cards; in another, the second field persisted when only 1 card was used. We conclude that place cells are influenced both by the immediate sensory configuration and by internal neural states related to earlier experience in the environment.
Perspective on opportunities in industrial biotechnology in renewable chemicals (2011)

From biomass to renewable chemicals: while industrial biotechnology offers a clear value proposition, a number of hurdles need to be addressed to fully realize the commercial potential of bio-based products and chemicals over the coming decade. A review of an early roadmap for biological production of chemicals from renewable sugars reveals a focus on those that would provide co-products for integrated biorefineries producing biofuels and bioenergy. A growing number of companies are now focusing on specialty chemicals as an entry point to build the bio-based economy.
High-Throughput Screening for Novel Prostate Cancer Drug Targets –Getting Personal (2011)

Prostate cancers form a heterogeneous group of diseases and there is a need for novel biomarkers, and for more efficient and targeted methods of treatment. In this thesis, the potential of microarray data, RNA interference (RNAi) and compound screens were utilized in order to identify novel biomarkers, drug targets and drugs for future personalized prostate cancer therapeutics. First, a bioinformatic mRNA expression analysis covering 9873 human tissue and cell samples, including 349 prostate cancer and 147 normal prostate samples, was used to distinguish <i>in silico</i> prevalidated putative prostate cancer biomarkers and drug targets. Second, RNAi based high-throughput (HT) functional profiling of 295 prostate and prostate cancer tissue specific genes was performed in cultured prostate cancer cells. Third, a HT compound screen approach using a library of 4910 drugs and drug-like molecules was exploited to identify potential drugs inhibiting prostate cancer cell growth. Nine candidate drug targets, with biomarker potential, and one cancer selective compound were validated <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. In addition to androgen receptor (AR) signaling, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function, arachidonic acid (AA) pathway, redox homeostasis and mitosis were identified as vital processes in prostate cancer cells. ERG oncogene positive cancer cells exhibited sensitivity to induction of oxidative and ER stress, whereas advanced and castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) could be potentially targeted through AR signaling and mitosis. In conclusion, this thesis illustrates the power of systems biological data analysis in the discovery of potential vulnerabilities present in prostate cancer cells, as well as novel options for personalized cancer management.
Effect of a Ceramic and a Non‐Ceramic Hydroxyapatite on Cell Growth and Procollagen Synthesis of Cultured Human Gingival Fibroblasts (2000)

Hydroxyapatite supports cell growth and fibroblast metabolism including collagen production, and hence is biocompatible. Cell viability and structural studies showed that non-ceramic hydroxyapatite has relevant physical and biological properties as an implant material.
Extending Java to support shared resource protection and deadlock detection in threads programming (1997)

Java threads enable programmers to write parallel programs very easily and conveniently. However, the current Java specification does not adequately provide for the protection of shared resources or for deadlock detection, two of the most common problems arising from parallel programs. The ability to solve these problems is crucial for Java concurrent programming. In this paper, we introduce and implement a model that can aid in writing parallel programs by providing shared resource protection and deadlock detection.
Sesquiterpenoids and Benzofuranoids from the Marine-Derived Fungus <i>Aspergillus ustus</i> 094102 (2009)

Eight drimane sesquiterpenes (1-8), six isochromane derivatives (9-14), and three known compounds, daldinin B (15), 9alpha-hydroxy-6beta-[(2E,4E,6E)-octa-2,4,6-trienoyloxy]-5alpha-drim-7-en-11,12-olide (16), and pergillin (17), were isolated from the EtOAc extract of the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus ustus 094102. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. The cytotoxic effects on A549 and HL-60 cell lines were evaluated by SRB and MTT methods. Ustusorane E (13) showed significant cytotoxicity against HL-60 cells with an IC50 value of 0.13 microM. Ustusolates C (6) and E (8) exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against A549 and HL-60 cells with IC50 values of 10.5 and 9.0 microM, respectively, and ustusolate A (4) showed weak cytotoxicity against HL-60 and A549 cells with IC50 values of 20.6 and 30.0 microM, respectively.
Vertical <i>p</i>-type high-mobility heterojunction metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (2001)

We have fabricated a vertical p-channel metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor called high-mobility heterojunction transistor (HMHJT). Compared with a Si control device, reduced short channel effects, reduced floating body effect, and high drive current have been achieved with this device structure. A SiGe/Si heterojunction barrier at the source/bulk junction suppresses drain induced barrier lowering and bulk punchthrough, which are significant problems for sub-100 nm devices. A SiGe source also helps to reduce the charge built-up in the floating body. The higher mobility in a strained SiGe channel and the absence of a hetero-barrier between the source and channel result in higher drive current. The fabricated HMHJT has a 60% higher drive current at VDS=VGS−VT=−1.6 V, and a 70× lower off-state leakage current at VDS=−1.6 V and VGS=0.0 V, compared with the Si control device.