gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Thermal Shock on the Mechanical Behavior of Si-SiC Coated Carbon/Carbon Composites (2009)

Si-SiC coating was prepared on the surface of carbon/carbon (C/C) composites by a two-step technique of pack cementation, and the influences of thermal shock between 1773 K and room temperature in air on the mechanical property and fracture behavior of the coated C/C were studied. The results show that, after thermal shock between 1773 K and room temperature for 5, 10 and 15 times, the flexural strength of coated composites increases by 4.29%, 15.00% and 24.20%, respectively. The toughness of the coated C/C enhances gradually during the thermal shock test. The improvement of the mechanical property after the thermal shock test is primarily caused by the weakening of the fiber-matrix interface and the reduction of residual thermal stresses by thermal shock.
Assessment of chemical and material contamination in waste wood fuels – A case study ranging over nine years (2015)

The increased demand for waste wood (WW) as fuel in Swedish co-combustion facilities during the last years has increased the import of this material. Each country has different laws governing the use of chemicals and therefore the composition of the fuel will likely change when combining WW from different origins. To cope with this, enhanced knowledge is needed on WW composition and the performance of pre-treatment techniques for reduction of its contaminants. In this study, the chemical and physical characteristics of 500 WW samples collected at a co-combustion facility in Sweden between 2004 and 2013 were investigated to determine the variation of contaminant content over time. Multivariate data analysis was used for the interpretation of the data. The concentrations of all the studied contaminants varied widely between sampling occasions, demonstrating the highly variable composition of WW fuels. The efficiency of sieving as a pre-treatment measure to reduce the levels of contaminants was not sufficient, revealing that sieving should be used in combination with other pre-treatment methods. The results from this case study provide knowledge on waste wood composition that may benefit its management. This knowledge can be applied for selection of the most suitable pre-treatments to obtain high quality sustainable WW fuels.
Facial Palsy from Temporal Bone Lesions (2005)

Most patients with suspected Bell's palsy do not require radiologic imaging. However, when symptoms progress, persist or when there is multiple cranial nerve involvement, recurrent symptoms or subacute onset of facial nerve palsy, causes other than Bell's palsy should be considered.
PKHD1 protein encoded by the gene for autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease associates with basal bodies and primary cilia in renal epithelial cells (2004)

Mutations of the polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1 (PKHD1) gene have been shown to cause autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), but the cellular functions of the gene product (PKHD1) remain uncharacterized. To illuminate its properties, the spatial and temporal expression patterns of PKHD1 were determined in mouse, rat, and human tissues by using polyclonal Abs and mAbs recognizing various specific regions of the gene product. During embryogenesis, PKHD1 is widely expressed in epithelial derivatives, including neural tubules, gut, pulmonary bronchi, and hepatic cells. In the kidneys of the pck rats, the rat model of which is genetically homologous to human ARPKD, the level of PKHD1 was significantly reduced but not completely absent. In cultured renal cells, the PKHD1 gene product colocalized with polycystin-2, the gene product of autosomal dominant polycystic disease type 2, at the basal bodies of primary cilia. Immunoreactive PKHD1 localized predominantly at the apical domain of polarized epithelial cells, suggesting it may be involved in the tubulogenesis and/or maintenance of duct-lumen architecture. Reduced PKHD1 levels in pck rat kidneys and its colocalization with polycystins may underlie the pathogenic basis for cystogenesis in polycystic kidney diseases.
Low power and error resilient PN code acquisition filter via statistical error compensation (2011)

We present a 256-tap PN code acquisition filter in an 180nm CMOS process employing statistical system-level error compensation. Under voltage overscaling (VOS), near constant detection probability (P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">det</sub> ) above 90% with 5.8× reduction in energy is achieved at a supply voltage 27% below the point of first failure (PoFF) with an error rate (p <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sub> ) of 0.868. This is an improvement of 5.8× in energy-efficiency over conventional error free designs and 3.79× in energy-efficiency and 2170× in error tolerance over existing error tolerant designs.
Genetic variants associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-associated angioedema (2013)

Unlike other serious adverse drug effects, ACE inhibitor-associated angioedema is not associated with a variant with a large effect size. Variants in MME and genes involved in immune regulation may be associated with ACE inhibitor-associated angioedema.
Phase I and Phase II clinical trials of androst-5-ene-3β,7β,17β-triol. (2011)

Short-term administration of βAET is safe in humans. βAET has a cholesterol lowering effect in healthy humans, but not hyperlipidemics. Exogenous βAET appeared to be rapidly metabolized, which may be consequential to the lack of pharmacological activity. A longer duration of βAET treatment with higher doses or chemical derivatives that are resistant to metabolic inactivation are likely necessary to treat human disease. The utility of βAET in humans may be limited to maintenance of homeostasis in healthy adults.
Safe IP Integration Using Container Modules (2014)

In modern hardware and system design flows, tight time-to-market constraints can only be met by reusing existing code. Building blocks like floating-point units, embedded processors or bus components are readily available as Intellectual Property (IP). However, this practice of putting together third-party components conflicts with the high quality requirements which are common in the domain of safety-critical systems, since the correctness of the used IP blocks is difficult or impossible to verify. In this paper, we propose an approach for safe IP integration by isolating suspicious blocks inside provably safe container modules. In this way, system level properties can be checked assuming the correct behavior of the wrapped IP blocks. As a first step in this direction, we show how a container module implementing a bus protocol can be generated and verified automatically. We rely on a model-driven design approach using a domain specific language and model-to-text transformations.
Constant <i>gm</i>, rail-to-rail input transconductance stage with output common mode current compensation (2006)

This paper presents a compensation structure to reduce the output common mode current of a rail-to-rail constant <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> transconductance stage. The transconductance stage is a differential structure with the input transistors biased in weak inversion. This results in low power consumption and a simple relation between <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g<sub>m</sub> </i> and tail currents. The constant <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">gm</i> is achieved by doubling the tail current in the active differential couple when the other one goes to cut off. Together with constant bias current in the output stage this can result in common mode bias current flowing from the output depending on the common mode input voltage. The proposed solution eliminates this problem by variation of the bias current in the output stage in relation to the tail currents in the differential couples. The transconductance stage was manufactured in a 0.35 <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">μ</i> m CMOS process. Measurement results are presented together with simulation data. The compensation structure cancels the common mode output currents for common mode input signals up to a frequency of 7 MHz.
Evaluation of Frac and Pack Completions and Future Outlook (2000)

Summary Frac and pack introduced in the early 1990's in the Gulf of Mexico has become a well-established completion procedure aimed at enhancing the productivity of gravel packed wells. The technique consists of incorporating a "tip screenout"1 hydraulic fracturing treatment as part of the gravel packing procedure, thus stimulating the well. However, published well test data, although showing generally better productivity than classic gravel packs, presents positive skin values indicating near-wellbore damage and often questioning the existence of a fracture intersecting the wellbore. This paper quickly reviews published data and outlines a methodology which integrates the analyses of the fracture placement data and the well test data. This integration results in a more realistic modeling of the system well and reservoir and characterizes the hydraulic fracture intersecting the wellbore. It is shown that poor fracture conductivity and/or high fracture face skin damage coupled with wellbore storage can reproduce the behavior observed in well test data and commonly interpreted with a nonfractured model. The effects of additional pressure losses across the gravel pack can also be incorporated for a more realistic modeling. Field examples are discussed to illustrate the technique and a quick outlook of how completions of unconsolidated sandstones may evolve is presented.
Structure/reactivity studies of Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3}/MgO and MgO/Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3} catalysts used in methane coupling (1994)

Using High Resolution Electron Microscopy, the authors have investigated the structure/function relationships of the Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3}/MgO and MgO/Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3} catalyst systems which are active in the oxidative coupling of methane. In both cases catalytic performance was found to depend critically on the morphology of Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3}. The authors demonstrate that high selectivities are associated with a thin disordered film of neodymia on the MgO surface for the Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3}/MgO system while for the reverse catalyst, the dominant morphology is a highly disordered cubic form of Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3}.
Enhanced coder with error resilience (2003)

A scalable video coder produces a bit stream, decodable at different bit rates. It can substantially improve the quality of video transmitted over error prone channels such as Internet or wireless. The scalable video coding utilizes motion prediction to achieve higher compression efficiency. Since motion compensation is used to reduce temporal redundancy, the quality of the decoded video may decay due to the propagation of errors in the temporal domain. Hence, the double-vector motion compensation (DMC) is used in the scalable video coder, which is implemented in this work. Search strategies based on gradient-descent methods are used. In this study, error concealment techniques are used, which estimate the lost motion vectors by exploiting correlation within the video sequences.
Revealing the Puzzle of Nonadherence in IBD—Assembling the Pieces (2018)

Nonmodifiable characteristics such as female sex and UC are associated with low adherence. Good communication with the treating physician and understanding the disease are modifiable factors associated with high adherence. Early intervention might improve patients' adherence.
Exogenous growth differentiation factor 9 in oocyte maturation media enhances subsequent embryo development and fetal viability in mice (2007)

Exogenous GDF9 during IVM improved embryo development and fetal viability and provides a promising approach for human IVM.
Diverse mechanisms add to increased oil production in thermal and gas projects (1986)

Diverse mechanisms contribute to increased oil production for steam, in situ combustion, and miscible/immiscible gas-displacement processes. Cyclic steam injection involves injecting steam into a potential producing well for a short time. The well is then shut in for several days to permit the soaking of the reservoir by steam, and then placed on production. The well may produce oil at an increased rate for several months, but then production may decline to the original rate. A second steam-injection cycle is then initiated, again increasing the oil production. Usually three cycles are used, and as many as eight cycles have been reported. Mechanisms that increase oil production rates during cyclic steam injection are diverse. They include reduction in crude-oil viscosity in the heated zone near the well bore, thermal and solution-gas expansion which produce the driving force, and changes in rock wettability. Cyclic steam injection is used as a precursor to a steam drive and is a process for which field application has been a predecessor to theory; no laboratory displacement studies have been undertaken.
Transcriptomes Reveal Genetic Signatures Underlying Physiological Variations Imposed by Different Fermentation Conditions in Lactobacillus plantarum (2012)

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are utilized widely for the fermentation of foods. In the current post-genomic era, tools have been developed that explore genetic diversity among LAB strains aiming to link these variations to differential phenotypes observed in the strains investigated. However, these genotype-phenotype matching approaches fail to assess the role of conserved genes in the determination of physiological characteristics of cultures by environmental conditions. This manuscript describes a complementary approach in which Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 was fermented under a variety of conditions that differ in temperature, pH, as well as NaCl, amino acid, and O(2) levels. Samples derived from these fermentations were analyzed by full-genome transcriptomics, paralleled by the assessment of physiological characteristics, e.g., maximum growth rate, yield, and organic acid profiles. A data-storage and -mining suite designated FermDB was constructed and exploited to identify correlations between fermentation conditions and industrially relevant physiological characteristics of L. plantarum, as well as the associated transcriptome signatures. Finally, integration of the specific fermentation variables with the transcriptomes enabled the reconstruction of the gene-regulatory networks involved. The fermentation-genomics platform presented here is a valuable complementary approach to earlier described genotype-phenotype matching strategies which allows the identification of transcriptome signatures underlying physiological variations imposed by different fermentation conditions.
Experimental determination of the structure of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1978)

Three different measurements on the structure of the ${\mathrm{H}}_{3}^{+}$ molecular ion are reported. The measurements all make use of a new technique---the foil-induced dissociation of a fast molecular-ion beam. It is shown that the structure is equilaterally triangular in shape. The most probable length of side of the triangle is determined by the three measurements to be 0.97 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.03 \AA{}, 0.95 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.06 \AA{}, and 1.2 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.2 \AA{}, respectively.
Effects of 5'-DFUR and OK-432 on cytokines and thymidine phosphorylase in tumor tissue of gastric cancer patients. (1997)

TdR Pase was induced by IL-1 alpha in tumor tissues of gastric cancer patients. OK-432 in combination with 5'-DFUR, however, did not induce TNF alpha and IL-1 alpha, and increase TdR Pase activity in gastric cancer tumors.
An example of dynamic QoS negotiation (1999)

The traffic generated by multimedia applications presents a high degree of burstiness that can be hardly described by a static set of traffic parameters. The following paper presents a dynamic QoS negotiation scheme applied to a video streaming application. In applications that uses RSVP, the dynamic and efficient usage of the resources can be reached with the introduction of the renegotiable variable bit rate (RVBR) service, which is based on the renegotiation of the traffic specification. In this paper we describe and discuss the RVBR service and how it applies to resource reservation for Internet traffic with RSVP. For that we propose an architecture design that we evaluate by accomplishing a prototype implementation, whose performance are measured with real MPEG2 video traces. The results we obtained indicate that renegotiation is an efficient mechanism to accommodate traffic fluctuations over the burst time-scale, and that RVBR service can be easily implemented, to this aim, in real applications, using available technology.
Cannabinoids as analgesics (2002)

Although cannabis-based preparations have been used for centuries to treat pain, the biological basis for such pain-ameliorative effects of cannabinoids was unknown until recently. In animal studies, cannabinoids suppress pain behavior, noxious stimulus-evoked immediate early gene c-fos expression in the spinal cord, and noxious stimulus-evoked neuronal response. The effects on tactile sensitivity are selective for pain since cannabinoids were without effect on non-nociceptive neurons in the spinal cord and thalamus. The suppression of noxious stimulus-evoked responses are mediated by cannabinoid receptors through multiple sites of action in the brain, the spinal cord, and the periphery. Cannabinoids appear to be effective in both physiological (or acute) pain and clinical (or chronic) pain. Furthermore, studies in endocannabinoids have revealed that they serve a role in pain modulation. Advances such as these offer hope for new pharmacotherapies for pain, particularly in conditions that remain unresolved through current treatments.
Response to 'Room Temperature, Quantum-Limited THz Heterodyne Detection? Not Yet' (2019)

This commentary is written in response to arXiv:1907.13198. In this article, Zmuidzinas et al. raise questions about the results reported by our group in Nature Astronomy (DOI: 10.1038/s41550-019-0828-6) regarding our experimental methodology and our device performance metrics. As described in this Response, Zmuidzinas et al. have unfortunately missed some basic principles on impedance matching and the physics of photomixers and plasmonics that are at the heart of their categorical conclusions. Here, we correct these misunderstandings and discharge all of their flawed conclusions. Therefore, all of the results and conclusions reported in our Nature Astronomy manuscript remain correct, as before.
Alternative splicing for the α1 subunit of soluble guanylate cyclase (2000)

Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), the receptor for nitric oxide, is a heterodimer consisting of alpha and beta subunits. We investigated the mRNA species for the alpha(1) subunit in human brain, heart, artery and immortalized B-lymphocytes. Three mRNA species were identified in these tissues. The major mRNA species contained the full expression sequence of the alpha(1) subunit. Two other types of mRNA were detected in which 5' sequences were deleted by splicing (506-590 and 412-590). Each of these deletions included the predicted translation start site, indicating that translation of these two alternatively spliced RNA species does not result in the production of full-length alpha(1) subunits. The relative amounts of the two mRNA species with deletions of the translation start site differed significantly between cell lines of immortalized B-lymphocytes from different individuals. sGC enzymic activity was significantly decreased in cellular extracts from cell lines with high proportions of mRNA species containing the deletion 506-590 when compared with extracts from cell lines that contained mostly mRNA without this deletion.
[Effect of Klebsiella Pneumoniae bacterial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract on the immune processes in mice after weaning]. (1993)

The influence of intestinal colonization by the Klebsiella pneumonia strain 50/59 on the characteristics of local and humoral immunity has been studied on CBA mice after weaning. Bacteria have been introduced intragastrally in doses of 1 x 10(6) bacteria per mice. Observations have been performed in dynamics during 11 days. They have shown that intestinal colonization induces significant elevation of the concentration of IgA in serum, intestinal content and percentage of splenocytes, expressing receptors of IgA, IgM, CD4 on the 7th day. On the 11th day a significant decrease in these parameters was observed. A conclusion is made that intestinal colonization is not indifferent for the whole organism and induces complex influences on its immune system.
Tunable Assembly of Peptide-coated Gold Nanoparticles (2007)

The interaction between peptides and gold surfaces has increasingly been of interest for bionanotechnology applications. To more fully understand how to control such interactions, we have studied the optical properties of peptide-modified gold nanoparticles as a function of peptide composition, pH of the surrounding medium, and peptide concentration. We show using localized surface plasmon resonance, transmission electron microscopy, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) that selected “gold-binding peptides” (GBPs), similar to those isolated for binding to gold films using yeast display, can bind to gold nanoparticles at a variety of pHs. Peptide modifications of nanoparticles can lead to irreversible particle aggregation when the pH of the solution is kept below the isoelectric point (pI) of the peptide. However, at pHs above the peptide’s pI, particles remain stable in solution, and peptides remain bound to the particles possibly through amine coordination of gold. Additionally, we demonstrate the potential in using SERS for the direct detection of GBPs on gold-silica nanoshells, eliminating the need for indirect labeling methods.