gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of Ultrasound Biomicroscopic Evaluation in Preoperative Planning of Penetrating Keratoplasty (2000)

In eyes with corneal opacity, UBM determines the status of various anterior-segment structures. It is thus a useful adjunct in the preoperative planning and prognostication of patients requiring penetrating keratoplasty.
Processing technology, laser, optical and thermal properties of ceramic laser gain materials (2005)

Recently there has been increasing interest in high quality ceramic laser gain materials, particularly for high-energy lasers, due to the successful application of high-volume advanced ceramics consolidation techniques to transparent oxide gain materials. In this paper, a brief comparison of manufacturing techniques is presented, including an overview of the co-precipitation process and the solid-state reaction process. Merits and risks of each will be presented from a processing viewpoint. Ceramic Nd:YAG in particular shows promise for high power laser design. The program reported here is also compiling a definitive database to compare ceramic and single crystal Nd:YAG materials. Uniform doping levels of up to 9 at% Nd<sup>3+</sup> have been reported by Konoshima Chemical Co. in ceramic Nd:YAG, and studied by the US Army Research Laboratory and the US Air Force Research Laboratory. All ceramic Nd:YAG materials studied to date have exhibited similar, if not identical, spectroscopic parameters to those measured for single crystal samples. Thermal properties, laser damage thresholds and refractive indices for a range of temperatures and wavelengths are reported. Diode-pumped free running laser experiment results with highly concentrated (up to 8 at% Nd<sup>3+</sup>) ceramics and their comparison with our modeling results are presented. High pulse repetition frequency actively (AO) Q-switched laser experiments are in progress. While there are still challenges in the manufacturing of ceramic laser gain materials, and the benefits of the application of ceramic technology to laser material are yet to be fully realized, ceramic Nd:YAG shows promise and could provide new options to the laser design engineer.
Human CD80/IL2 lentivirus‐transduced acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells promote natural killer (NK) cell activation and cytolytic activity: implications for a phase I clinical study (2009)

Immunotherapeutic strategies may promote T and/or natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity. NK cells have the potential to exert a powerful anti-leukaemia effect, as demonstrated by studies of allogeneic transplantation. We have previously shown that CD80/interleukin 2 (IL2) lentivirus (LV)-transduced AML cells stimulate in-vitro T cell activation. The present study demonstrated that allogeneic and autologous culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with CD80/IL2-expressing AML cells also promoted NK cell cytotoxicity. Expression of the activation receptors NKp30, NKp44, CD244, CD25, CD69 and HLA-DR significantly increased following allogeneic culture and a consistent increased expression of NKp30, NKp44, NKp46, NKG2D, NKG2C and CD69, and up-regulation of the cytolytic marker CD107a was detected following autologous culture with LV-CD80/IL2 AML cells. Furthermore, increased NK cell lysis of K562 and primary AML blasts was detected. The lytic activity increased by twofold against K562 (from 46.6% to 90.4%) and allogeneic AML cells (from 11.8% to 20.1%) following in-vitro stimulation by CD80/IL2-expressing AML cells. More importantly for potential therapeutic applications, lysis of primary AML cells by autologous NK cells increased by more than 40-fold (from 0.4% to 22.5%). These studies demonstrated that vaccination of patients with CD80/IL2-transduced AML cells could provide a powerful strategy for T/NK cell-mediated stimulation of anti-leukaemic immunological responses.
Method for differentiated enumeration of mixed cultures of thermophilic lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria by using only one culture medium (1998)

The dairy industry has recently prepared probiotic products containing, in addition to the specifie yoghurt cultures, Laetobacillus acidophilus and bifidobacteria. Identification of the species and enumeration of the micro-organisms are easier for yoghurt cultures than for probiotic products containing Laetobaeil/us delbrueekii subsp. bulgarieus, Streptoeoeeus thermophilus, bifidobacteria and Laetobaeil/us acidophilus. A new method has been developed using the commercially available HHD agar, which provides a morphological differentiation of colonies and a counting of single species on the same plate. Results obtained with HHD are very close to those obtained by the use of media specifie for each strain (MRS, MRS at pH 5.4, MRS + dicloxacillin, MI7). Instead of using many selective culture media, only one culture medium was used with saving of material and performance rapidity allowing the method to be applied to the routine controls of the probiotic products. InralElsevier, Paris dairy product / lactic acid bacteria / bifidobacteria / HHD culture medium / separa te enumeration Rsum -Mthode pour le dnombrement diffrenci de cultures mixtes de bactries lactiques thermophiles et de bifidobactries en utilisant un seul milieu de culture. L'industrie laitire a rcemment mis au point des produits probiotiques qui contiennent, en plus des cultures pour yaourt, Laetobaeil/us acidophilus et des bifidobactries. L'identification des espces et le dnombrement microbien sont plus faciles pour les cultures de yaourt que pour les produits probiotiques qui contiennent Laetobaeil/us delbrueekii subsp. bulgarieus, Streptoeoeeus thermophilus, bifidobactries et Laetobaeil/us acidophilus. Ce travail dcrit une nouvelle mthode qui utilise seulement le milieu de culture HHD agar afin de diffrencier la morphologie des colonies et de dnombrer chaque espce sur la mme bote. Les rsultats du dnombrement microbien sur le milieu HHD agar sont trs simi-
Detecting vibrations by fiber Bragg sensor interrogated with a bipolished silicon sample (2003)

In this paper a new method for reading out Bragg wavelength shifts experienced by fiber Bragg gratings is described. The system is based on a bi-polished silicon sample acting like a Fabry-Perot filter. The spectral response of the Silicon Fabry-Perot filter allows to convert the Bragg wavelength shift into a variation of the light intensity, which can be read by a photodiode. The method efficacy is proved monitoring dynamic strain characteristics of a simple structure. So, the vibration mode of an aluminium cantilever has been sensed by means a FBG sensor attached on the surface of the cantilever itself. In proposed demodulation method the sensitivity and accuracy depend on the spectral band width of the filter. The filter can be designed according to the range of the amplitude vibrations, assuring linear response of system, as function of the thickness of the silicon sample. Moreover, thank to great tuning capability of the Silicon Fabry-Perot filter, it is possible to place Bragg grating spectral response on the central portion of the linear region of the FP response.
Heme Oxygenase-1 Dysregulation in the Brain: Implications for HIVAssociated Neurocognitive Disorders (2014)

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a highly inducible and ubiquitous cellular enzyme that subserves cytoprotective responses to toxic insults, including inflammation and oxidative stress. In neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis, HO-1 expression is increased, presumably reflecting an endogenous neuroprotective response against ongoing cellular injury. In contrast, we have found that in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of the brain, which is also associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration, HO-1 expression is decreased, likely reflecting a unique role for HO-1 deficiency in neurodegeneration pathways activated by HIV infection. We have also shown that HO-1 expression is significantly suppressed by HIV replication in cultured macrophages which represent the primary cellular reservoir for HIV in the brain. HO-1 deficiency is associated with release of neurotoxic levels of glutamate from both HIV-infected and immune-activated macrophages; this glutamate-mediated neurotoxicity is suppressed by pharmacological induction of HO-1 expression in the macrophages. Thus, HO-1 induction could be a therapeutic strategy for neuroprotection against HIV infection and other neuroinflammatory brain diseases. Here, we review various stimuli and signaling pathways regulating HO-1 expression in macrophages, which could promote neuronal survival through HO-1-modulation of endogenous antioxidant and immune modulatory pathways, thus limiting the oxidative stress that can promote HIV disease progression in the CNS. The use of pharmacological inducers of endogenous HO-1 expression as potential adjunctive neuroprotective therapeutics in HIV infection is also discussed.
The Subaru coronagraphic extreme AO (SCExAO) system: fast visible imager (2011)

The Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics (SCExAO) system is an instrument designed to be inserted between the Subaru AO188 system and the infrared HiCIAO camera in order to greatly improve the contrast in the very close (less than 0.5") neighbourhood of stars.Next to the infrared coronagraphic path, a visible scientific path, based on a EMCCD camera, has been implemented. Benefiting from both AO correction and new data processing techniques, it is a powerful tool for high angular resolution imaging and opens numerous new science opportunities. A factor 2 to 3 in Strehl ratio is obtained compared to the AO long exposure time: up to 25% Strehl in the 650nm wavelength, depending on the image processing algorithm used and the seeing conditions. The system is able to deliver diffraction limited images at 650 nm (17 mas FWHM). Our baseline image processing algorithm is based on the selection of the best signal for each spatial frequency. We demonstrate that this approach offers significantly better results than the classical select, shift and add approach (lucky imaging).
Palladium Complexes with Tridentate Pincer Bis-Carbene Ligands as Efficient Catalysts for C−C Coupling (2002)

The synthesis and X-ray crystallographic characterization of a Pd complex (3) with a rigid C,N,C-tridentate pincer carbene ligand are described. At high temperatures (165 °C) it is an active and robust catalyst in the Heck reaction. Complex 3 gives some of the highest turnover numbers yet reported for coupling with aryl chlorides. Time dependence, reuse, and Heck reaction conditions are discussed for 3. Data with F- as base did not support Shaw's Heck mechanism. Suzuki and Sonogashira coupling reactions are also catalyzed by 3. The palladium carbene complex 5, containing an analogous C,N-bidentate ligand, is compared to 3 in terms of stability, catalytic activity, and reaction profile in the Heck reaction.
Cationic Amino Acid Transporter 2 Enhances Innate Immunity during Helicobacter pylori Infection (2011)

Once acquired, Helicobacter pylori infection is lifelong due to an inadequate innate and adaptive immune response. Our previous studies indicate that interactions among the various pathways of arginine metabolism in the host are critical determinants of outcomes following infection. Cationic amino acid transporter 2 (CAT2) is essential for transport of L-arginine (L-Arg) into monocytic immune cells during H. pylori infection. Once within the cell, this amino acid is utilized by opposing pathways that lead to elaboration of either bactericidal nitric oxide (NO) produced from inducible NO synthase (iNOS), or hydrogen peroxide, which causes macrophage apoptosis, via arginase and the polyamine pathway. Because of its central role in controlling L-Arg availability in macrophages, we investigated the importance of CAT2 in vivo during H. pylori infection. CAT2(-/-) mice infected for 4 months exhibited decreased gastritis and increased levels of colonization compared to wild type mice. We observed suppression of gastric macrophage levels, macrophage expression of iNOS, dendritic cell activation, and expression of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in CAT2(-/-) mice suggesting that CAT2 is involved in enhancing the innate immune response. In addition, cytokine expression in CAT2(-/-) mice was altered from an antimicrobial Th1 response to a Th2 response, indicating that the transporter has downstream effects on adaptive immunity as well. These findings demonstrate that CAT2 is an important regulator of the immune response during H. pylori infection.
Interaction of Thiol and Disulfide Flavor Compounds with Food Components (1996)

When a commercial savory flavoring containing thiol and disulfide flavor components was heated at 100 °C in aqueous solution with egg albumin, considerable changes in the relative concentration of the sulfur compounds were observed. Apparent redox interactions with the protein caused disulfide reduction and formation of the corresponding thiol. Heating bis(2-furanylmethyl) disulfide or bis(2-methyl-3-furanyl) disulfide with albumin in aqueous solution resulted in over 100-fold decreases in disulfide concentrations with a large proportion of the disulfides converted to the corresponding thiols. It is suggested that this was caused by interchange of thiol and disulfide groups with sulfhydryl and disulfide groups of proteins. This was substantiated by observing the effect in water or maltodextrin solutions where no loss of disulfide was observed. In systems containing casein, which has a very low proportion of sulfhydryl groups, only a small amount of disulfide reduction occurred. Keywords: Savory flavorings; flavor interaction; protein; sulfhydryl−disulfide interchanges
Professional Skills Needed by Our Graduates. (2013)

Accreditation agencies have outlined professional skills that should be possessed by engineering graduates. The question this paper addresses is “What professional skills do our recent graduates actually use and value as being important?” Young engineering professionals, as well as professionals in many different professions, were asked to identify the importance and frequency of use of 23 “professional skills.” The results were that the top skills of importance and frequency of use were verbal communication, written communication, time management, problem solving, decision making, teamwork, critical thinking, self-confidence, initiative, building trust, and stress management. Those that were important and used weekly to occasionally in three months were social awareness and management of relationships, self-awareness and management of emotions, leadership, lifelong learning, analysis (classification, series and patterns, and consistency), self-assessment, empathy, creativity, intercultural understanding, research, change management of self and others, and chairing meetings (being a chairperson). For the sample of 33 who graduated with engineering degrees, their results showed little difference from the total group of 104 respondees. Some suggestions are given about what we can do in the classroom to help our students gain these skills.
An Evaluation of Various Perforating Designs Performance in Reducing Near Wellbore Friction during Fracturing (2014)

Abstract: Establishing connectivity with the reservoir in a cased-hole cemented completion is a crucial parameter for the success of fracturing operations. Numerous fracture stimulation treatments have failed due to the failure to initiate the fracture or to place enough proppant along the hydraulically created fracture due to an early screen-out caused by improper perforating design. This problem becomes more significant in the case of unconventional resources exploration and development as these resources inherently require a high treatment pressure coupled with a high fracturing gradient. Therefore, a well-engineered perforating design is regarded as the first challenge to be overcome to ensure the success of a fracturing treatment. This paper presents a comparative study among different perforating guns by different service providers with different sizes in terms of reducing the near-wellbore pressure loss during fracturing treatment. Moreover, various design parameters such as perforation phasing, density and perforating interval were evaluated for several gas wells completed with proponent fracture in a giant field in Saudi Arabia. The comparison is based upon analyzing the step-down rate tests and quantifying the contribution of pressure loss due to entry friction to the total friction during the stimulation. The magnitude of the treating pressure for various designs during the main fracturing treatments was also examined. Reservoirs investigated include tight sand and unconventional gas bearing formations. Different techniques to mitigate or reduce excessive near-wellbore friction are also presented.
Abstract 97: Genotype to Phenotype: Function of Common Noncoding and Rare Coding Variants In <i>ANGPTL3</i> (2017)

Human genetics studies have demonstrated a strong link between ANGPTL3 , which encodes lipoprotein lipase inhibitor Angiopoietin-like 3, and blood lipid phenotypes. Rare nonsense ANGPTL3 mutations were identified in patients with familial combined hypolipidemia, while common variants at the ANGPTL3 locus have been found by genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to associate with lower triglycerides (TGs) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In light of the seemingly favorable clinical consequences of ANGPTL3 deficiency, we established an experimental framework to identify (1) causal common variants that regulate ANGPTL3 expression and (2) rare missense mutations that disrupt ANGPTL3 function. Using massively parallel reporter assays, we profiled the regulatory activity of all the common variants linked ( r 2 ≥ 0.5) to the lead GWAS SNP in the ANGPTL3 locus and found that rs10889356 demonstrated significant allele-specific enhancer activity. To validate this finding, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to alter the SNP in a human pluripotent stem cell line. When differentiated into hepatocytes, altered cells displayed a 67% increase in ANGPTL3 expression ( n = 4 wild-type and 4 mutant clones, P = 0.007). CRISPR interference using each of three guide RNAs targeting the SNP in HepG2 cells also substantially increased ANGPTL3 expression. These findings support rs10889356- ANGPTL3 as a causal SNP-gene set. Next, we examined the coding regions of ANGPTL3 in 20,000 sequenced individuals and sought to experimentally define rare missense variants using a mouse model. We used CRISPR-Cas9 to generate Angptl3 knockout mice, which exhibited decreased TG (61%, P < 0.001) and decreased cholesterol (31%, P < 0.002). We reconstituted the knockout mice to normal expression levels with adenoviruses expressing either wild-type ANGPTL3 or missense variant ANGPTL3 . So far we have assessed 28 rare missense variants computationally predicted to be deleterious, of which only 10—D42N, K58E, S117P, P264S, Q286H, L315S, L360Q, T383I, T383S, and Y417C—were validated as loss-of-function (conferring <25% of wild-type activity as assessed by changes in both TG and cholesterol levels), underscoring the need for functional characterization of variants of uncertain significance.
Extended-Gate ISFETs Based on Sputtered Amorphous Oxides (2012)

We present the results obtained with an extended-gate ISFET totally based on amorphous oxides (GIZO as the semiconductor, Ta <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> :SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> as the dielectric and Ta <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> as the sensitive layer). A full characterization of the device was performed with constant ionic strength pH buffer solutions, revealing a sensitivity of 40 mV/pH with small hysteresis, and good linearity in the pH 4-pH 10 range buffer solutions. These results clearly show that it is possible to produce room-temperature disposable and low cost bio-sensors.
Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Parallel and Symbolic Computation (2010)

The International Workshop on Parallel and Symbolic Computation (PASCO) is a series of workshops dedicated to the promotion and advancement of parallel algorithms and software in all areas of symbolic mathematical computation. The pervasive ubiquity of parallel architectures and memory hierarchy has led to the emergence of a new quest for parallel mathematical algorithms and software capable of exploiting the various levels of parallelism: from hardware acceleration technologies (multicore and multi-processor system on chip, GPGPU, FPGA) to cluster and global computing platforms. To push up the limits of symbolic and algebraic computations, beyond the optimization of the application itself, the effective use of a large number of resources (memory and specialized computing units) is expected to enhance the performance multi-criteria objectives: time, energy consumption, resource usage, reliability. In this context, the design and the implementation of mathematical algorithms with provable and adaptive performances is a major challenge.
<title>Bonded Interface Surface Testing Via Differential Interferometric Stoneley Wave Measurements</title> (1979)

Differential optical interferometry, initially developed to characterize optical recording media surfaces and subsequently used to detect continuous and pulsed ultrasonic elastic waves, has been applied to the measurement of the interface properties of bonded transparent solids. Acousto-optic interaction between dual laser probe beams and the periodic particle displacements induced by acoustic waves on the boundary permits the qualitative identification of surface roughness defects at the interface. In this paper, the theory and operation of the real-time interferometric measurement system, an analysis of the acousto-optic interaction, and surface defect testing results for bonded glass specimens are presented.
Development of a highly quantitative, reproducible assay for determination of chicken T cell growth factor biological activity (1997)

This report examines optimal culture conditions necessary for accurate and sensitive quantification of chicken T Cell Growth Factor (TCGF) activity. With this bioassay, TCGF is quantified by measuring its ability to cause proliferation of splenocytes prestimulated with mitogen. Proliferation is quantified by determining the optical density (OD) or "signal" of test samples in microtiter wells by measuring the incorporation of tetrazolium salt by live cells. To optimize assay conditions, systematic evaluation of the effects of cell culture variables was carried out with the constant aim of increasing signal to noise ratio in the assay. Higher signal to noise ratios were found when using Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) rather than Roswell Park Memorial Institute Medium (RPMI) for basal tissue culture media containing the same supplements. The addition of lipid supplement to the assay system not only increased the proliferation signal, but also decreased the background OD. Incubation temperatures of 41 C rather than 37 C for both the mitogen prestimulation and proliferation phases of the assay also resulted in a higher signal to noise ratio. While incorporating the optimal experimental conditions, a finalized assay procedure employing test sample normalization with an internal assay standard was tested for accuracy. The assay can accurately detect 2 to 15 U/mL of TCGF activity. The within-assay variation ranged from 2 to 13% and the between-assay variation ranged from 11 to 22% depending upon the TCGF preparation being tested. The excellent reproducibility of this assay has facilitated investigations of TCGF production, processing, and purification.