gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of Primer-induced Conformational Dynamics of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase on Polymerase Translocation and Inhibition (2011)

The rapid emergence and the prevalence of resistance mutations in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) underscore the need to identify RT inhibitors with novel binding modes and mechanisms of inhibition. Recently, two structurally distinct inhibitors, phosphonoformic acid (foscarnet) and INDOPY-1 were shown to disrupt the translocational equilibrium of RT during polymerization through trapping of the enzyme in the pre- and the post-translocation states, respectively. Here, we show that foscarnet and INDOPY-1 additionally display a shared novel inhibitory preference with respect to substrate primer identity. In RT-catalyzed reactions using RNA-primed substrates, translocation inhibitors were markedly less potent at blocking DNA polymerization than in equivalent DNA-primed assays; i.e. the inverse pattern observed with marketed non-nucleoside inhibitors that bind the allosteric pocket of RT. This potency profile was shown to correspond with reduced binding on RNA·DNA primer/template substrates versus DNA·DNA substrates. Furthermore, using site-specific footprinting with chimeric RNA·DNA primers, we demonstrate that the negative impact of the RNA primer on translocation inhibitor potency is overcome after 18 deoxyribonucleotide incorporations, where RT transitions primarily into polymerization-competent binding mode. In addition to providing a simple means to identify similarly acting translocation inhibitors, these findings suggest a broader role for the primer-influenced binding mode on RT translocation equilibrium and inhibitor sensitivity.
Effect of Substitutional Doping of Tin in Highly Conductive Barium Iron Vanadate Glass (2018)

Vanadate glasses have numerous industrial applications and enhancement of their electrical conductivity is of interest for conducting glass for electronic and optical devices. The effect of substitutional doping of Sn IV (4d 10 ) for Fe III on the local structure and electrical conductivity ( σ ) of barium iron vanadate glass is investigated in this study. The σ value of as‐cast 20BaO · 3SnO 2 · 7Fe 2 O 3 · 70V 2 O 5 glass (5.9 × 10 −7 S cm −1 ) is comparable to that of as‐cast 20BaO · 10Fe 2 O 3 · 70V 2 O 5 glass. The σ value of the doped glass increases to 1.9 × 10 −1 S cm −1 after isothermal annealing at 500 °C for 15 min, which is an order of magnitude larger than that of the undoped glass annealed under the same conditions. From room‐temperature Mössbauer spectra of conductive vanadate glasses annealed at 500 °C for 15 min, it is demonstrated that the quadrupole splitting of the Fe III (0.60 mm s −1 ) in 3 mol%‐SnO 2 containing vanadate glass is slightly smaller than that of SnO 2 ‐free vanadate glass (0.65 mm s −1 ). This indicates smaller distortion of FeO 4 and VO 4 tetrahedra in the SnO 2 ‐containing glass compared to the undoped glass, which is responsible for a marked increase in the carrier mobility.
Self-organizing, Collision-free, Multi-channel Convergecast (2008)

Intenergy
Production-Data Analysis of Single-Phase (Gas) Coalbed-Methane Wells (2007)

Summary Coalbed-methane (CBM) reservoirs commonly exhibit two-phase-flow (gas plus water) characteristics; however, commercial CBM production is possible from single-phase (gas) coal reservoirs, as demonstrated by the recent development of the Horseshoe Canyon coals of western Canada. Commercial single-phase CBM production also occurs in some areas of the low-productivity Fruitland Coal, south-southwest of the high-productivity Fruitland Coal Fairway in the San Juan basin, and in other CBM-producing basins of the continental United States. Production data of single-phase coal reservoirs may be analyzed with techniques commonly applied to conventional reservoirs. Complicating application, however, is the unique nature of CBM reservoirs; coal gas-storage and -transport mechanisms differ substantially from conventional reservoirs. Single-phase CBM reservoirs may also display complex reservoir behavior such as multilayer characteristics, dual-porosity effects, and permeability anisotropy. The current work illustrates how single-well production-data-analysis (PDA) techniques, such as type curve, flowing material balance (FMB), and pressure-transient (PT) analysis, may be altered to analyze single-phase CBM wells. Examples of how reservoir inputs to the PDA techniques and subsequent calculations are modified to account for CBM-reservoir behavior are given. This paper demonstrates, by simulated and field examples, that reasonable reservoir and stimulation estimates can be obtained from PDA of CBM reservoirs only if appropriate reservoir inputs (i.e., desorption compressibility, fracture porosity) are used in the analysis. As the field examples demonstrate, type-curve, FMB, and PT analysis methods for PDA are not used in isolation for reservoir-property estimation, but rather as a starting point for single-well and multiwell reservoir simulation, which is then used to history match and forecast CBM-well production (e.g., for reserves assignment). CBM reservoirs have the potential for permeability anisotropy because of their naturally fractured nature, which may complicate PDA. To study the effects of permeability anisotropy upon production, a 2D, single-phase, numerical CBM-reservoir simulator was constructed to simulate single-well production assuming various permeability-anisotropy ratios. Only large permeability ratios (&#62;16:1) appear to have a significant effect upon single-well production characteristics. Multilayer reservoir characteristics may also be observed with CBM reservoirs because of vertical heterogeneity, or in cases where the coals are commingled with conventional (sandstone) reservoirs. In these cases, the type-curve, FMB, and PT analysis techniques are difficult to apply with confidence. Methods and tools for analyzing multilayer CBM (plus sand) reservoirs are presented. Using simulated and field examples, it is demonstrated that unique reservoir properties may be assigned to individual layers from commingled (multilayer) production in the simple two-layer case.
Systematic Withdrawal Strategies for Retirees (2012)

The high-profile debate on spending in retirement often misses a crucial point: No single spending rate suits all retirees. This article develops guidance on spending rates for retirees. Taking into account uncertain asset returns, inflation, and longevity, the authors identify spending rates and asset allocations that minimize the expected lifetime shortfall for a systematic withdrawal plan. The analysis shows that sustainable spending rates depend critically on a client’s age, gender, and risk tolerance. It also demonstrates that retirees can reduce the risk of outliving their wealth and increase their expected future bequest by allocating at least some of their portfolios to equities. Moreover, the younger the retiree and the greater her spending needs, the more she should allocate to equities. Finally, because their wealth must last longer, couples should allocate more to equities and spend at a more moderate rate than those who are single. <b>TOPICS:</b>Retirement, risk management
Determination of coefficient defining leaf area development in different genotypes, plant types and planting densities in peanut ( Arachis hypogeae L.) (2016)

Rapid leaf area development may be attractive under a number of cropping conditions to enhance the vigor of crop establishment and allow rapid canopy closure for maximizing light interception and shading of weed competitors. This study was undertaken to determine (1) if parameters describing leaf area development varied among ten peanut (<i>Arachis hypogeae</i> L.) genotypes grown in field and pot experiments, (2) if these parameters were affected by the planting density, and (3) if these parameters varied between Spanish and Virginia genotypes. Leaf area development was described by two steps: prediction of main stem number of nodes based on phyllochron development and plant leaf area dependent based on main stem node number. There was no genetic variation in the phyllochron measured in the field. However, the phyllochron was much longer for plants grown in pots as compared to the field-grown plants. These results indicated a negative aspect of growing peanut plants in the pots used in this experiment. In contrast to phyllochron, there was no difference in the relationship between plant leaf area and main stem node number between the pot and field experiments. However, there was genetic variation in both the pot and field experiments in the exponential coefficient (PLAPOW) of the power function used to describe leaf area development from node number. This genetic variation was confirmed in another experiment with a larger number of genotypes, although possible G × E interaction for the PLAPOW was found. Sowing density did not affect the power function relating leaf area to main stem node number. There was also no difference in the power function coefficient between Spanish and Virginia genotypes. SSM (Simple Simulation model) reliably predicted leaf canopy development in groundnut. Indeed the leaf area showed a close agreement between predicted and observed values up to 60000 cm<sup>2</sup> m<sup>-2</sup>. The slightly higher prediction in India and slightly lower prediction in Niger reflected GxE interactions. Until more understanding is obtained on the possible GxE interaction effects on the canopy development, a generic PLAPOW value of 2.71, no correction for sowing density, and a phyllochron on 53 °C could be used to model canopy development in peanut.
Complete genome sequence of the moderately thermophilic mineral-sulfide-oxidizing firmicute Sulfobacillus acidophilus type strain (NALT) (2012)

Sulfobacillus acidophilus Norris et al. 1996 is a member of the genus Sulfobacillus which comprises five species of the order Clostridiales. Sulfobacillus species are of interest for comparison to other sulfur and iron oxidizers and also have biomining applications. This is the first completed genome sequence of a type strain of the genus Sulfobacillus, and the second published genome of a member of the species S. acidophilus. The genome, which consists of one chromosome and one plasmid with a total size of 3,557,831 bp harbors 3,626 protein-coding and 69 RNA genes, and is a part of the GenomicEncyclopedia ofBacteria andArchaea project.
Octadecenedioic acid for a more even skin tone (2002)

Octadecenedioic acid, a new nature-derived ingredient made via biofermentation from oleic acid, has demonstrated efficacy in a variety of applications, including skin toning, dandruff reduction and deodorancy.
Link Adaptation In Fbmc/Oqam Systems Using Nb-Ldpc Codes (2016)

This paper investigates the application of nonbinary low density parity check (NB-LDPC) codes to offset-QAM based filter bank multicarrier systems, known as FBMC/OQAM. The analysis conducted in the paper reveals that the mapping<br> scheme can be optimized to simplify detection and minimize the correlation of the noise. Based on the proposed modifications, existing adaptive coding and modulation (ACM) algorithms can be easily tailored to accommodate the characteristics of NBLDPC and FBMC/OQAM. In this paper, priority has been given to mutual information-based ACM algorithms. Numerical results verify that the proposed algorithm guarantees the target block error rate.
Karyological evidence for meiosis in the three different types of life cycles existing in Agaricus bisporus (2006)

International audience
YSAR: a compact, low-cost synthetic aperture radar (2002)

The Brigham Young University Synthetic Aperture Radar (YSAR) is a compact, inexpensive SAR system which can be flown on a small aircraft. The system has exhibited a resolution of approximately 0.8 m by 0.8 m in test flights in calm conditions. YSAR was used to collect data over archeological sites in Israel. Using a relatively low frequency (2.1 GHz), the authors hope to be able to identify walls or other archeological features to assist in excavation. A large data set of radar and photographic data were collected over sites at Tel Safi, Qumran, Tel Micnah, and the Zippori National Forest in Israel. The authors show sample images from the archeological data. They are currently working on improved autofocus algorithms for this data and are developing a small, low-cost interferometric SAR system (YINSAR) for operation from a small aircraft.
The Good, the Bad and the Hacked: Creative Coding on Objects (2014)

In a near future scenario, we will replace some of our everyday objects with counterparts in form of Computational Objects (COs). COs look similar to the original object; however, inside them there are input sensors, output devices such as displays and a CPU. Furthermore, COs still convey the context and meaning that the original object had. For instance, a clock is associated with time and thus users could expect its CO version to display time-related data. We suggest that any user should be able to easily code new appearances and behaviors for his or her own objects. Using creative coding as a base, we propose to add the notions of affordances and conventions to this programming context. Moreover, we suggest that COs could be used as a creativity support tool although modifying their behavior beyond conventions could confuse the user. Finally, we reckon that with the proper tools, users could also make physical modifications to COs. For example, a retractile cord can be attached to the clock and be used to pull data out and display them in a linear layout.
Life Support Systems Functional Stability and Human Control Limitations: An Astrosociological Approach (2008)

In order to pursue space colonization, long duration spaceflight, and human missions to Mars, we will need closed ecological life support systems which provide sustainable use of limited resources. While such systems are in various stages of development, we lack knowledge regarding the functional stability of closed ecological life support systems (CES) for long-duration space missions. Our global Earth Biosphere CES functioning is based upon statistical regulations, which are provided by planetary buffers. All current deviations caused by human activity are currently absorbed by these planetary buffers. Man-made Closed Ecosystems function at the limits of their natural stability due to insufficient buffer capacities and thus needs to be replaced or supplemented by other more appropriate control approaches. Previous research has indicated that purposeful control from human can increase stability levels if specific algorithms compatible to natural mechanisms are applied. Theoretical analysis is being done on data obtained in different Closed Ecosystems and has been shown that certain limits of functional stability exist for each specific system in terms of average material cycle rate and range of fluctuations. These limits are determined by: the systems buffer capacities, the slowest (basic) material cycle in the system, natural structure of the circulating chemical elements cycles and Human Factors material load. Numerical estimates are provided for carbon cycles and it has been shown that stability of cycles in man-made ecosystems are more than a thousand times less than for global planetary cycles. Human Control could increase this low level of stability tremendously, but requires a certain level of understanding for closed material cycles development inside each specific system. This presentation will primarily discuss interactions between smallscale human crews and the available limited resources required for a CES functioning. Since there are limited resources in a CES, instead of continuously increasing consumption as would be possible in an unlimited environment, self-sustainable behaviors/activities must be practiced. This paper will address the limitations for human adaptation in a space environment and how to optimize human and environment interaction in a CES. Applications to manned space exploration will be considered in the context of understanding human motivation.
Separation of the Air-oxidation Products of Cholesterol by Column Partition Chromatography (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSeparation of the Air-oxidation Products of Cholesterol by Column Partition ChromatographyErwin H. Mosbach, Martha Nierenberg, and Forrest E. KendallCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 10, 2358–2360Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01106a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01106a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views95Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Thermochromic properties of low-melting ionic uranyl isothiocyanate complexes (2011)

Temperature-dependent yellow-to-red colour changes of uranyl thiocyanate complexes with 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cations have been studied by different spectroscopic methods and this phenomenon is attributed to changes in the local environment of the uranyl ion, including the coordination number, as well as to cation-anion interactions.
Soleus muscle stability in wild hibernating black bears (2018)

Based on studies of fast skeletal muscles, hibernating black and brown bears resist skeletal muscle atrophy during months of reduced physical activity and not feeding. The present study examined atrophy sparing in the slow soleus muscle, known to be highly prone to disuse atrophy in humans and other mammals. We demonstrated histochemically that the black bear soleus is rich in slow fibers, averaging 84.0 ± 6.6%. The percentages of slow fibers in fall (87.3 ± 4.9%) and during hibernation (87.1 ± 5.6%) did not differ ( P = 0.3152) from summer. The average fiber cross-sectional area to body mass ratio (48.6 ± 11.7 µm<sup>2</sup>/kg) in winter hibernating bears was not significantly different from that of summer (54.1 ± 11.8 µm<sup>2</sup>/kg, P = 0.4186) and fall (47.0 ± 9.7 µm<sup>2</sup>/kg, P = 0.9410) animals. The percentage of single hybrid fibers containing both slow and fast myosin heavy chains, detected biochemically, increased from 2.6 ± 3.8% in summer to 24.4 ± 24.4% ( P = 0.0244) during hibernation. The shortening velocities of individual hybrid fibers remained unchanged from that of pure slow and fast fibers, indicating low content of the minority myosins. Slow and fast fibers in winter bears exhibited elevated specific tension (kN/m<sup>2</sup>; 22%, P = 0.0161 and 11%, P = 0.0404, respectively) and maintained normalized power. The relative stability of fiber type percentage and size, fiber size-to-body mass ratio, myosin heavy chain isoform content, shortening velocity, power output, and elevated specific tension during hibernation validates the ability of the black bear to preserve the biochemical and performance characteristics of the soleus muscle during prolonged hibernation.
Repetition-rate-variable ytterbium-doped fiber MOPA for waveguide direct writing in transparent materials (2016)

We present an ytterbium-doped fiber master oscillator power amplifier which has a repetition rate tunability from 1 kHz to 10 MHz. The repetition rate is successfully controlled by a semiconductor optical amplifier driven in pulsed mode. The system consists of two stages of pre-amplifiers and a double-clad fiber amplifier. The output power reaches >4.7 W for various repetition rates.
DFT-Assisted Spectroscopic Studies on the Coordination of Small Ligands to Palladium: From Isolated Ions to Nanoparticles (2020)

A combination of experimental spectroscopies (UV-vis and Fourier-transform infrared) and computational modeling was used to investigate the coordination of small ligands (aminopropanol and propanediol) to Pd species during the metal nanoparticle formation process. Differences emerged between O- (propanediol) and N-containing (aminopropanol) ligands. In particular, a strong interaction between the NH amino group and Pd<sup>2+</sup> ions could be inferred on the basis of spectroscopic evidences, which was corroborated by theoretical simulations, which confirmed the preferential coordination of aminopropanol through the NH group. This interaction seems to potentially cause the aminopropanol ligand to control the particle shape through a selective blocking of Pd(100) facets, which promote the growth on the Pd(111) facets.
Surface Analysis of Copper Patinas Formed Outdoors by using Time-of-flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (2006)

We used time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry to get a better understanding of the carbon-containing layer formed in summer and winter on copper exposed to an urban atmosphere. The positive ion mass spectra of as-exposed surfaces revealed that the chemical composition of the carbon-containing layer formed in summer was essentially the same as that formed in winter. However, the intensities of ion fragments originating from volatile organic compounds adsorbed in winter were stronger than those in summer. This is attributed to the temperature dependence of the physisorption of the compounds, assuming that the amounts of hydrocarbon contamination in the analytical instrument were the same for both samples. The positive ion mass spectra of sputtered surfaces (5 nm from the uppermost surface) showed that the chemical composition of the sputtered surface was different than that of the as-exposed surfaces. The only compound found on the sputtered surfaces was dicapryl phthalate (DCP), based on a comparison of the standard mass spectra of DCP with the observed ones. The peaks arising from DCP observed on the copper exposed in winter were higher than those in summer. This is attributed to the higher particulate organic carbon concentration observed in winter. The thicker carbon-containing layer formed on the copper exposed in winter possibly retarded the atmospheric corrosion by acting as a barrier to water adsorption on the copper patina.