gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Arrival times of Flare/Halo CME associated shocks at the Earth: comparison of the predictions of three numerical models with these observations (2002)

Abstract. The arrival times at L1 of eleven travelling shocks associated both with X-ray flaring and with halo CMEs recorded aboard SOHO/LASCO have been considered. Close to the Sun the velocities of these events were estimated using either Type II radio records or CME speeds. Close to the Earth the shocks were detected in the data of various solar wind plasma, interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and energetic particle experiments aboard SOHO, ACE, WIND, INTERBALL-1 and IMP-8. The real-time shock arrival predictions of three numerical models, namely the Shock Time of Arrival Model (STOA), the Interplanetary Shock Propagation Model (ISPM) and the Hakamada-Akasofu-Fry Solar Wind Model (HAFv.2) were tested against these observations. This is the first time that energetic protons (tens of keV to a few MeV) have been used to complement plasma and IMF data in validating shock propagation models. The models were all generally successful in predicting shock arrivals. STOA provided the smallest values of the "predicted minus measured" arrival times and displayed a typical predictive precision better than about 8 h. The ratio of the calculated standard deviation of the transit times to Earth to the standard deviation of the measurements was estimated for each model (treating interacting events as composite shocks) and these ratios turned out to be 0.60, 1.15 and 1.02 for STOA, ISPM and HAFv.2, respectively. If an event in the sample for which the shock velocity was not well known is omitted from consideration, these ratios become 0.36, 0.76 and 0.81, respectively. Larger statistical samples should now be tested. The ratio of the in situ shock velocity and the "Sun to L1" transit velocity (Vsh /Vtr) was in the range of 0.7–0.9 for individual, non-interacting, shock events. HAFv.2 uniquely provided information on those changes in the COBpoint (the moving Connection point on the shock along the IMF to the OBserver) which directly influenced energetic particle rise times. This model also illustrated the non-uniform upstream conditions through which the various shocks propagated; furthermore it simulated shock deformation on a scale of fractions of an AU. On the spatial scale (300 RE ), where near-Earth spacecraft are located, the passing shocks, in conformity with the models, were found to be locally planar. The shocks also showed tilting relative to the Sun-Earth line, probably reflecting the inherent directionality associated with their solar origin. Key words. Interplanetary physics (energetic particles; interplanetary shocks; solar wind plasma)
Management of chronic perineal sinuses by wide excision and split-thickness skin grafting. (1985)

Nine patients who had chronic perineal sinuses following proctectomy for inflammatory bowel disease underwent wide excision of the sinus and split-thickness skin grafting. All patients had persistent pain and discharge. All but one had undergone multiple surgical procedures previously. Fibrous tissue was excised from the sinus tract and the wound was grafted either immediately (six patients) or at a later date (three patients). Five patients had complete healing of the wound initially while four required further procedures. Eight patients have been followed up for an average of 4.6 years (range from 5 months to 12 years). Complete healing was achieved in seven patients; all are free of pain and can work or are unrestricted in their daily activities. One patient is improved but still requires analgesia and is disabled by the persistent pelvic pain.
EVALUATION OF LARGE TITANIUM ALLOY FORGINGS (1965)

Abstract : The purpose of this program is to evaluate large titanium forgings for reliable use in advanced weapon systems. Four forgings of Ti-6Al-4V and four forgings of IMI679 will be used in the evaluation. Two forgings of each alloy will be machined into test coupons for material property tests, one forging will be full scale fatigue tested and the other forging will be full scale static tested. All forgings have been produced and heat treated. Machining of two forgings each of Ti-6Al-4V and IMI679 to a modified F-104 aft fuselage ring fitting is nearly completed. Preparation of material property test coupons removed from the forgings of IMI679 was started and some testing completed. Preliminary smooth tension, notched tension, compression and fatigue data on IMI679 are presented. (Author)
Effects of Oxygen and Nitrogen on the Rate of Nitrogen Dissolution in Iron-Chromium and Iron-Vanadium Alloys. (1996)

The rate constant of nitrogen dissolution in a Fe-20 mass%Cr has been measured as a function of oxygen content by 14N-15N isotope exchange reaction at 1973 K. Adsorption coefficient of oxygen on a Fe-20 mass%Cr at 1973 K has been determined to be 100 in terms of [mass%] from present results. This value is smaller than that on pure iron (0 mass%Cr), 144, which was determined by our previous work. Moreover, dependence of the rate constant of nitrogen dissolution in Fe-Cr and Fe-V alloys on nitrogen partial pressure has been measured by the same technique in order to investigate the adsorption effect of nitrogen itself. Adsorption coefficient of nitrogen calculated from present results is much smaller than that of oxygen and it is confirmed that nitrogen is not so surface active as oxygen in molten Fe-Cr and Fe-V alloys. However, it is observed that the value of adsorption coefficient increases from 0.0509 to 0.156 in terms of √PN2 by addition of chromium up to 60 mass%Cr at 1873 K. Addition of vanadium is more effective for increasing the adsorption coefficient and the value for Fe-6.2 mass%V at 1973 K is 6 times larger than that for pure iron.
Nonpeptide angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist prevents nephrosclerosis in hypertensive rats. (1994)

Angiotensin II (AII) appears essential in remnant kidney models of renal injury in rats, and renal injury was reduced by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI). To determine whether this is due to AII blockade or other actions of ACEI, we studied a nonpeptide AII type 1 receptor antagonist and an ACEI in partially nephrectomised spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Thirty SHR underwent surgery and were divided into three equal groups: Control, TCV (0.5 mg/kg/day TCV-116), and CAP (30 mg/kg/day captopril). All SHR received a 5%-NaCl diet. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and urinary protein were measured at 2-week intervals. Serum total protein, albumin, urea nitrogen, and creatinine were determined at week 8. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal blood flow (RBF) were measured at weeks 4 and 8. Renal injury was evaluated histopathologically. TCV and CAP reduced SBP at week 2 and proteinuria at week 8. GFR and RBF fell in all groups, but decreases were not significant in treated SHR and histopathological changes were significantly ameliorated. All blockade by TCV or CAP reduces renal injury in salt-loaded SHR with partial renal ablation. AII is essential in remnant kidney models of renal injury, and AII blockade is essential in renal protection by ACEI.
Residues near the N‐terminus of protein B control autocatalytic proteolysis and the activity of soluble methane mono‐oxygenase (2002)

Soluble methane mono-oxygenase (sMMO) of Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) catalyses the O2-dependent and NAD(P)H-dependent oxygenation of methane and numerous other substrates. During purification, the sMMO enzyme complex, which comprises three components and has a molecular mass in excess of 300 kDa, becomes inactivated because of cleavage of just 12 amino acids from the N-terminus of protein B, which is the smallest component of sMMO and the only one without prosthetic groups. Here we have shown that cleavage of protein B, to form the inactive truncated protein B', continued to occur when intact protein B was repeatedly separated from protein B' and all detectable contaminants, giving compelling evidence that the protein was cleaved autocatalytically. The rate of autocatalytic cleavage decreased when the residues flanking the cleavage site were mutated, but the position of cleavage was unaltered. Analysis of a series of incremental truncates showed that residue(s) essential for the activity of sMMO, and important in determining the stability of protein B, lay in the region Ser4-Tyr7. Protein B was shown to possess intrinsic nucleophilic activity, which we propose initiates the cleavage reaction via a novel mechanism. Proteins B and B' were detected in approximately equal amounts in the cell, showing that truncation of protein B is biologically relevant. Increasing the growth-medium copper concentration, which inactivates sMMO, did not alter the extent of in vivo cleavage, therefore the conditions under which cleavage of protein B may fulfil its proposed role as a regulator of sMMO remain to be identified.
Towards Model-Driven Validation of Autonomic Software Systems in Open Distributed Environments (2007)

New distributed systems are running onto fluctuating environments (e.g. ambient or grid computing). These fluctuations must be taken into account when deploying these systems. Autonomic computing aims at realizing programs that implement self-adaptation behaviour. Unfortunately in practice, these programs are not often statically validated, and their execution can lead to emergent undesirable behaviour. In this paper, we argue that static validation is mandatory for large autonomic distributed systems. We identify two kinds of validation that are relevant and crucial when deploying such systems. These validations affect the deployment procedures of software composing a system, as well as the autonomic policies of this system. Using our Dacar model-based framework for deploying autonomic software distributed architectures, we show how we tackle the problem of static validation of autonomic distributed systems
Organic Cation Transporters Are Determinants of Oxaliplatin Cytotoxicity (2006)

Although the platinum-based anticancer drugs cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin have similar DNA-binding properties, only oxaliplatin is active against colorectal tumors. The mechanisms for this tumor specificity of platinum-based compounds are poorly understood but could be related to differences in uptake. This study shows that the human organic cation transporters (OCT) 1 and 2 (SLC22A1 and SLC22A2) markedly increase oxaliplatin, but not cisplatin or carboplatin, accumulation and cytotoxicity in transfected cells, indicating that oxaliplatin is an excellent substrate of these transporters. The cytotoxicity of oxaliplatin was greater than that of cisplatin in six colon cancer cell lines [mean +/- SE of IC(50) in the six cell lines, 3.9 +/- 1.4 micromol/L (oxaliplatin) versus 11 +/- 2.0 micromol/L (cisplatin)] but was reduced by an OCT inhibitor, cimetidine, to a level similar to, or even lower than that of, cisplatin (29 +/- 11 micromol/L for oxaliplatin versus 19 +/- 4.3 micromol/L for cisplatin). Structure-activity studies indicated that organic functionalities on nonleaving groups coordinated to platinum are critical for selective uptake by OCTs. These results indicate that OCT1 and OCT2 are major determinants of the anticancer activity of oxaliplatin and may contribute to its antitumor specificity. They also strongly suggest that expression of OCTs in tumors should be investigated as markers for selecting specific platinum-based therapies in individual patients. The development of new anticancer drugs, specifically targeted to OCTs, represents a novel strategy for targeted drug therapy. The results of the present structure-activity studies indicate specific tactics for realizing this goal.
Differences in the Function of Three Conserved E-boxes of the Muscle Creatine Kinase Gene in Cultured Myocytes and in Transgenic Mouse Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle (2003)

The 1256-base pair enhancer-promoter of the mouse muscle creatine kinase gene includes three CAnnTG E-boxes that are conserved among mammals and have flanking and middle sequences conforming to consensus muscle regulatory factor binding sites. This study seeks to determine whether these E-boxes are critical for muscle creatine kinase expression in physiologically distinct muscles. Mutations of the "right" and "left" E-boxes in the enhancer decreased expression in cultured skeletal myocytes approximately 10- and 2-fold, respectively, whereas a "promoter" E-box mutation had little effect. In neonatal myocardiocytes, the left E-box mutation decreased expression approximately 3-fold, whereas right or promoter E-box mutations had no effect. Very different effects were seen in transgenic mice, where the promoter E-box mutation decreased expression in quadriceps, extensor digitorum longus, and soleus approximately 10-fold, and approximately 100-fold in distal tongue, diaphragm, and ventricle. The right E-box mutation, tested in the presence of the other two mutations, caused a significant decrease in distal tongue, but not in quadriceps, extensor digitorum longus, soleus, or ventricle. Mutation of the left E-box actually raised expression in soleus, suggesting a possible repressor role for this control element. The discrepancies between mutation effects in differentiating skeletal muscle cultures, neonatal myocardiocytes, and adult mice suggested that the E-boxes might play different roles during muscle development and adult steady-state function. However, transgenic analysis of embryonic and early postnatal mice indicated no positive role for these three E-boxes in early development, implying that differences in E-box function between adult muscle and cultured cells are the result of physiological signals.
Mine Tunnel Exploration Using Multiple Quadrupedal Robots (2020)

Robotic exploration of underground environments is a particularly challenging problem due to communication, endurance, and traversability constraints which necessitate high degrees of autonomy and agility. These challenges are further exacerbated by the need to minimize human intervention for practical applications. While legged robots have the ability to traverse extremely challenging terrain, they also engender new challenges for planning, estimation, and control. In this work, we describe a fully autonomous system for multi-robot mine exploration and mapping using legged quadrupeds, as well as a distributed database mesh networking system for reporting data. In addition, we show results from DARPA Subterranean Challenge (SubT) Tunnel Circuit demonstrating localization of artifacts after traversals of hundreds of meters. These experiments describe fully autonomous exploration of an unknown Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-denied environment undertaken by legged robots.
Order-disorder transition of vortex matter in Mg<sub>0.9</sub>B<sub>2</sub>: anisotropic effects (2009)

Third-harmonic susceptibility studies have been employed to probe the order-disorder transition of Vortex Matter of a magnesium-deficient sample of MgB2. Our results reveal that the measured threshold is anisotropic for different orientations of the applied magnetic field, suggesting that the pinning efficiency of the magnesium-deficient regions depend on the orientation of the penetrated vortices.
Si/SiGe digital optoelectronic switch (1991)

The physical parameters and functional characteristics of a Si/SiGe digital optoelectronic switch are reported. The device is found to have bistable electrical states: a high-impedance (40 k Omega ) OFF state connected to a low-impedance (100 Omega ) ON state by a regime of negative differential resistance. The switching voltage and holding voltage are measured to be 2.6 and 1.3 V, respectively, and the switching current and holding current are measured to be 500 mu A and 1 mA, respectively. These DC characteristics are found to be similar to those measured in double heterostructure optoelectronic switching devices manifested in the AlGaAs/GaAs materials system. The DC characteristics of this Si/SiGe digital optoelectronic switch are also found to be sensitive to optical input and temperature.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mathematical Description of Metal Retention with Water-Soluble Polymers during Membrane Filtration (1993)

Abstract A theoretical approach to the description of metal retention and enrichment in aqueous solution by soluble polymeric reagents during membrane filtration is proposed. The metal retention data obtained experimentally may be explained by using mathematical models based on the theory of kinetics of reactions in partially open systems.
A mitochondrial enzyme degrades carotenoids and protects against oxidative stress (2010)

Carotenoids are the precursors for vitamin A and are proposed to prevent oxidative damage to cells. Mammalian genomes encode a family of structurally related nonheme iron oxygenases that modify double bonds of these compounds by oxidative cleavage and cis-to-trans isomerization. The roles of the family members BCMO1 and RPE65 for vitamin A production and vision have been well established. Surprisingly, we found that the third family member, β,β-carotene-9',10'-oxygenase (BCDO2), is a mitochondrial carotenoid-oxygenase with broad substrate specificity. In BCDO2-deficient mice, carotenoid homeostasis was abrogated, and carotenoids accumulated in several tissues. In hepatic mitochondria, accumulated carotenoids induced key markers of mitochondrial dysfunction, such as manganese superoxide dismutase (9-fold), and reduced rates of ADP-dependent respiration by 30%. This impairment was associated with an 8- to 9-fold induction of phosphor-MAP kinase and phosphor-AKT, markers of cell signaling pathways related to oxidative stress and disease. Administration of carotenoids to human HepG2 cells depolarized mitochondrial membranes and resulted in the production of reactive oxygen species. Thus, our studies in BCDO2-deficient mice and human cell cultures indicate that carotenoids can impair respiration and induce oxidative stress. Mammalian cells thus express a mitochondrial carotenoid-oxygenase that degrades carotenoids to protect these vital organelles.
Longitudinal Study of the Prevalence, Incidence and Duration of Fecal Shedding of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 by Feedlot Cattle (2001)

Escherichia coli O157:H7 appears ubiquitous to pens of feedlot cattle; however, the percentage of cattle shedding the organism within different feedlot pens has been observed to vary widely over time and space.1 The objective of this study was to describe the variability of E. coli O157:H7 fecal shedding within contiguous pens of cattle over the course of the feeding period.
Chapter 10 Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty for Acute Fracture: Indications and Technique (2017)

Reverse shoulder arthroplasty is an increasingly utilized treatment option for acute, complex proximal humerus fractures in the elderly and other select patients, where factors such as poor bone quality, rotator cuff pathology, and other comorbidities may preclude successful reconstruction and osteosynthesis of the proximal humerus and tuberosities. Early and midterm results are promising, with more predictable outcomes that may be less reliant on tuberosity healing, when compared to treatment with anatomic humeral head replacement. Long-term follow-up is still lacking, and surgeons utilizing reverse shoulder arthroplasty in their armamentarium should have a thorough understanding of complications unique to this implant design. We describe the current indications for reverse shoulder arthroplasty in the setting of acute fractures as well as our preferred surgical technique and outcomes.
Microbial nucleation of calcium carbonate in the Precambrian (2003)

Research Article| July 01, 2003 Microbial nucleation of calcium carbonate in the Precambrian Tanja Bosak; Tanja Bosak 1California Institute of Technology, MC 100-23, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Dianne K. Newman Dianne K. Newman 1California Institute of Technology, MC 100-23, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Geology (2003) 31 (7): 577–580. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0577:MNOCCI>2.0.CO;2 Article history received: 27 Feb 2003 rev-recd: 31 Mar 2003 accepted: 02 Apr 2003 first online: 02 Jun 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Tanja Bosak, Dianne K. Newman; Microbial nucleation of calcium carbonate in the Precambrian. Geology 2003;; 31 (7): 577–580. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0577:MNOCCI>2.0.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract Microbial sulfate reduction is thought to stimulate carbonate precipitation in modern stromatolites, yet whether this metabolism was important in shaping Precambrian stromatolites is unknown. Here we use geochemical modeling to suggest that the influence of sulfate reduction on the saturation index of calcite (SI) is negligible when seawater is in equilibrium with high pCO2, as is thought for the Precambrian. Our laboratory experiments with heterotrophic bacteria in a medium mimicking Precambrian seawater chemistry show that even if sulfate reduction does not significantly change the SI, the presence of bacteria stimulates calcite precipitation over sterile controls by effectively increasing the SI over a pH range from 7.3 to 7.8. Under our experimental conditions, dead cells stimulate in situ carbonate precipitation equally, if not more, than active sulfate-reducing bacteria. Heterogeneous nucleation of calcite by microbial cell material appears to be the driving mechanism that explains this phenomenon. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
Spatiotemporal-chromatic structure of natural scenes (2005)

We investigate the implications of a unified spatiotemporal-chromatic basis for compression and reconstruction of image sequences. Different adaptive methods (PCA and ICA) are applied to generate basis functions. While typically such bases with spatial and temporal extent are investigated in terms of their correspondence to human visual perception, here we are interested in their applicability to multimedia encoding. The performance of the extracted spatiotemporal-chromatic patch bases is evaluated in terms of quality of reconstruction with respect to their potential for data compression. The results discussed here are intended to provide another path towards perceptually-based encoding of visual data by examining the interplay of chromatic features with spatiotemporal ones in data reduction.
Impact and Mitigation of Multiantenna Analog Front-End Mismatch in Transmit Maximum Ratio Combining (2006)

Transmit maximum ratio combining (MRC) allows to extend the range of wireless local area networks (WLANs) by exploiting spatial diversity and array gains. These gains, however, depend on the availability of the channel state information (CSI). In this perspective, an open-loop approach in time-division-duplex (TDD) systems relies on channel reciprocity between up- and downlink to acquire the CSI. Although the propagation channel can be assumed to be reciprocal, the radio-frequency (RF) transceivers may exhibit amplitude and phase mismatches between the up- and downlink. In this contribution, we present a statistical analysis to assess the impact of these mismatches on the performance of transmit-MRC. Furthermore, we propose a novel mixed-signal calibration scheme to mitigate these mismatches, which allows to reduce the implementation loss to as little as a few tenths of a dB. Finally, we also demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed calibration scheme in a real-time wireless MIMO-OFDM prototyping platform.