gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytomegalovirus Mononucleosis in Previously Healthy Individuals (1969)

Five further cases of cytomegalovims (CMV) mononucleosis in previously healthy individuals are reported. This raises the total number of such patients seen by the authors to 18, all but one of whom were adults. A significant rise of complement-fixing antibodies to CMV was found during the disease. Cytomegalovirus was isolated from the urine of four patients. The disease was characterized by protracted fever, liver involvement, absence of pharyngitis and lymph node enlargement, hematologic changes similar to those seen in infectious mononucleosis, and a negative finding on the heterophil-agglutination test. A mixed cryoimmunoglobulinemia and other immunologic aberrations were found in three cases and intranuclear inclusion-bearing cells in the urine in three cases. Virologic and clinical follow-up studies have been performed in patients of the present as well as of previous series. Cytomegalovirus is often excreted in the urine for 1 to 2 years after the illness. Hepatosplenomegaly was found in one patient, a young child, 4 months after the illness. In the other cases nothing suggestive of liver disease has been observed after the results of liver function tests became normal within some weeks or months. In several cases lymphocytosis without the appearance of atypical lymphocytes continued for many months and even years after the illness.
Mapping of epitopes on the La(SS-B) autoantigen of primary Sjögren's syndrome: identification of a cross-reactive epitope. (1990)

Autoepitopes on the ribonucleoprotein La(SS-B) were identified by using recombinant La(SS-B) polypeptides and sera from 166 patients with the antinuclear autoantibody anti-La(SS-B). The La(SS-B) polypeptides were encoded by polymerase chain reaction-derived overlapping or nonoverlapping fragments of the La(SS-B) gene, which encodes a protein of 408 amino acids (aa). Of the 166 sera tested, 99% reacted with a fusion protein comprising the first 107 N-terminal aa (LaA); 91% reacted with a fusion protein comprising aa 111 to 242 (LaC), and 91% reacted with a fusion protein comprising aa 346 to 408 (LaL2/3) at the C terminus of La(SS-B). The order of immunodominance as assessed by the number of sera reacting with each epitope and the strength of the reactivity was LaA (aa 1 to 107) greater than LaC (aa) 111 to 242) much greater than LaL2/3 (aa 346 to 408). Cross-reactivity was observed between antibodies eluted from LaC (aa 111 to 242) and LaL2/3 (aa 346 to 408), but there was no significant primary sequence homology between the two regions. The LaC region contained at least two epitopes, one encompassing a putative RNA-binding motif (aa 112 to 187) which was recognized by 83% of patient sera. Serial serum samples from three patients showed that the antibody response to La(SS-B) was initially directed to the N terminus (LaA, aa 1 to 107), but over a period of time all three major epitopes, including that encompassing the putative RNA-binding motif, were recognized. This result suggests that the primary immune response to La(SS-B) is restricted to an immunodominant epitope. As the specificity of the autoantibody response broadens, it includes the RNA-binding motif, which may have important implications for the expression of disease.
Estimation Error Based Disturbance Observer Design for Flexible Loop Shaping (2018)

This note presents an estimation error based disturbance observer (EEDOB) to reduce the effects of external disturbances. In the proposed control structure, a difference between an estimator output and a plant output is considered as an equivalent disturbance. Therefore, when a disturbance appears, the proposed disturbance observer (DOB) is activated. Unlike conventional DOB, this method does not require the plant inverse model or additional stabilizing filters. In addition, the proposed method always satisfies closed loop systems stability, which is definitely different from conventional DOB. To verify the effectiveness, this method was applied to commercial storage systems. From the experimental results, it is confirmed that tracking performance is improved by 23.5%.
Copper chloride vapor laser. Processes limiting the output power (1979)

An experimental investigation was made of transient processes in a CuCl laser, excited by trains of electric discharge pulses. It was found that the lasing parameters were determined mainly by the diffusion processes feeding the CuCl the discharge zone and causing the copper atoms to migrate to the walls. It was proved experimentally that the reduction in the laser output power at temperatures above the melting point of CuCl (~430°C), observed when the copper chloride was located directly in the discharge zone, was caused by the loss of the optical transparency of the active medium due to the scattering by CuCl droplets which appeared in the gas under the action of the discharge. A discharge tube design was proposed and realized in which the medium remained transparent up to 600°C (for a fivefold increase in the average laser output power Pav over that from the usual design, due to a raising of the optimal temperature of the evaporator Tevopt to 57O°C). A theoretical laser model proposed in this work correctly described the experimental results obtained in the temperature range 400–600°C for excitation-pulse repetition frequencies ƒ = 10–50 kHz. The conclusions drawn from the model that Pav depends quadratically on ƒ and that Tevopt rises with increasing ƒ were confirmed experimentally.
A seismic model study of the phase velocity method of exploration (1957)

Abstract Variations in the phase velocity of earthquake-generated surface waves have been used to determine local variations in the thickness of the earth's crust. It is of interest to determine whether this method can be used to delineate structures encountered by the exploration geophysicist. A seismic model study of the effect of thickness changes, lithology changes, faults and scarps, on the phase velocity of surface waves was carried out. It is demonstrated that all of these structures produce measurable variations in the phase velocity of surface waves. Additional information is required, however, to give a unique interpretation of a given phase velocity variation in terms of a particular structure. Some remarks on the phenomenon of returning ground roll are made.
Mechanisms and Treatment of CKD (2012)

As CKD continues to increase worldwide, along with the demand for related life-saving therapies, the financial burden of CKD will place an increasing drain on health care systems. Experimental studies showed that glomerular capillary hypertension and impaired sieving function with consequent protein overload play a pathogenic role in the progression of CKD. Consistently, human studies show that proteinuria is an independent predictor of progression and that its reduction is renoprotective. At comparable BP control, inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), including angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), more effectively than non-RAS inhibitor therapy reduce proteinuria, slow progression to ESRD, and even improve the kidney function achieving disease regression in some cases. In participants with diabetes, RAS inhibitors delay the onset of microalbuminuria and its progression to macroalbuminuria, and ACE inhibitors may reduce the excess cardiovascular mortality associated with diabetic renal disease. In addition to RAS inhibitors, however, multimodal approaches including lifestyle modifications and multidrug therapy will be required in most cases to optimize control of the several risk factors for CKD and related cardiovascular morbidity. Whether novel medications may help further improve the cost-effectiveness of renoprotective interventions is a matter of investigation.
Defects and properties of cadmium oxide based transparent conductors (2016)

Transparent conductors play an increasingly important role in a number of semiconductor technologies. This paper reports on the defects and properties of Cadmium Oxide, a transparent conducting oxide which can be potentially used for full spectrum photovoltaics. We carried out a systematic investigation on the effects of defects in CdO thin films undoped and intentionally doped with In and Ga under different deposition and annealing conditions. We found that at low growth temperatures (&lt;200 °C), sputter deposition tends to trap both oxygen vacancies and compensating defects in the CdO film resulting in materials with high electron concentration of ∼2 × 1020/cm3 and mobility in the range of 40–100 cm2/V s. Thermal annealing experiments in different ambients revealed that the dominating defects in sputtered CdO films are oxygen vacancies. Oxygen rich CdO films grown by sputtering with increasing O2 partial pressure in the sputter gas mixture results in films with resistivity from ∼4 × 10−4 to &gt;1 Ω cm due to incorporation of excess O in the form of O-related acceptor defects, likely to be O interstitials. Intentional doping with In and Ga donors leads to an increase of both the electron concentration and the mobility. With proper doping CdO films with electron concentration of more than 1021 cm−3 and electron mobility higher than 120 cm2/V s can be achieved. Thermal annealing of doped CdO films in N2 ambient can further improve the electrical properties by removing native acceptors and improving film crystallinity. Furthermore, the unique doping behavior and electrical properties of CdO were explored via simulations based on the amphoteric defect model. A comparison of the calculations and experimental results show that the formation energy of native donors and acceptors at the Fermi stabilization energy is ∼1 eV and that the mobility of sputtered deposited CdO is limited by a background acceptor concentration of ∼5–6 × 1020/cm3. The calculations offer an insight into understanding of the effects of defects on electrical properties of undoped and doped CdO and offer a potential to use similar methods to analyze doping and defect properties of other semiconductor materials.
Using Noninvasive Wearable Computers to Recognize Human Emotions from Physiological Signals (2004)

We discuss the strong relationship between affect and cognition and the importance of emotions in multimodal human computer interaction (HCI) and user modeling. We introduce the overall paradigm for our multimodal system that aims at recognizing its users' emotions and at responding to them accordingly depending upon the current context or application. We then describe the design of the emotion elicitation experiment we conducted by collecting, via wearable computers, physiological signals from the autonomic nervous system (galvanic skin response, heart rate, temperature) and mapping them to certain emotions (sadness, anger, fear, surprise, frustration, and amusement). We show the results of three different supervised learning algorithms that categorize these collected signals in terms of emotions, and generalize their learning to recognize emotions from new collections of signals. We finally discuss possible broader impact and potential applications of emotion recognition for multimodal intelligent systems.
Methods in Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (2018)

Methods in Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology emphasizes a variety of well-tested methods in plant molecular biology and biotechnology. For each detailed and tested protocol presented, a brief overview of the methodology is provided. This overview considers why the protocol is used, what other comparable methods are available, and what limitations can be expected with the protocol. Other chapters in the book present overviews regarding how to approach particular problems and introduce unique methods - such as how to use computer methodology to study isolated genes. The book will be a practical reference for plant physiologists, plant molecular biologists, phytopathologists, and microbiologists.
Epigenetic Mechanisms Involved in Huntington's Disease Pathogenesis (2015)

Transcriptional dysregulation is an early event and may be an important pathological mechanism in Huntington's disease (HD). However, the exact process that leads to alterations in gene expression in HD is not clear. One potential mechanism underlyin
To See or Not To See: Television, Capital Punishment, and Law's Violence (1995)

Last year thirty-one people were executed in the United States. One was gassed, six were electrocuted, one was hanged; the rest were put to death by lethal injection. While all other constitutional democracies have abandoned capital punishment, the United States tenaciously clings to it. We use the death penalty as retribution, but also, as Michel Foucault reminds us, to respond to affronts to our legal regime itself. However, particularly in a constitutional democracy, the deliberate taking of life as an instrument of state policy is an enormous evil. A death penalty democratically administered implicates us all as agents of law's violence. An execution, as Wendy Lesser argues in Pictures at an Execution: An Inquiry into the Subject of Murder, is "a killing carried out in all our names, an act of the state in which we by proxy participate, it is also the only form of murder that directly implicates even the witness, the bystanders."\nThe fact that the state takes life and the way in which it takes life insinuate themselves into the public imagination, even as the final moments of executions are hidden from public view. This particular exercise of power helps us understand who we are and what we as a society are capable of doing. As Lesser skillfully documents, the largely, though incompletely, hidden moment when the state takes life precipitates, in an age of the hypervisual, a crisis of representation.
Highly Ordered Arrays of Particle‐in‐Bowl Plasmonic Nanostructures for Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering (2012)

A highly ordered particle-in-bowl (PIB) nanostructure array is designed and fabricated to achieve large field enhancement for the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) application. This new type of PIB structure is composed of an Ag particle located at the bottom of an Au bowl, and the two are separated by a precisely controlled nanoscale dielectric layer. The fabrication of the PIB structure is based on the self-assembly of polystyrene spheres and atomic layer deposition (ALD), which allows good control of the metal particle size and gap distance, as well as large-scale ordering. Numerical simulation reveals a high enhancement of the local field at the nanogaps. The SERS performance of the PIB arrays, and the effects of the Ag particle size and the ALD dielectric layer thickness are characterized, results of which are in reasonable agreement with simulation. With Rhodmaine 6G as the probe molecule, the spatially averaged SERS enhancement factor is on the order of 3.8 × 10(7) and the local field enhancement from simulation can be up to 10(8) .
Democracy or Pseudo-Democracy (1953)

(1953). Democracy or Pseudo-Democracy. The Journal of Business Education: Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 7-32.
Pattern and rhyme (2009)

This article is based on investigating pattern and rhyme in poetry and prose texts, encouraging the children to perform and make up their own.
Capacity Management: Making Your Service Delivery More Productive (1991)

A critical element in the success of any restaurant is to make the most efficient use of the operation's capacity. Here's how to make your service-delivery system function effectively
Studies on Arginine Peptides. I. Intermediates in the Synthesis of N-Terminal and C-Terminal Arginine Peptides<sup>*</sup> (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on Arginine Peptides. I. Intermediates in the Synthesis of N-Terminal and C-Terminal Arginine Peptides*LEONIDAS ZERVAS, MILTON WINITZ, and JESSE P. GREENSTEINCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1957, 22, 11, 1515–1521Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01362a052https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01362a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1608Altmetric-Citations177LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Physical Activity, All-Cause Mortality, and Longevity of College Alumni (1986)

We examined the physical activity and other life-style characteristics of 16,936 Harvard alumni, aged 35 to 74, for relations to rates of mortality from all causes and for influences on length of life. A total of 1413 alumni died during 12 to 16 years of follow-up (1962 to 1978). Exercise reported as walking, stair climbing, and sports play related inversely to total mortality, primarily to death due to cardiovascular or respiratory causes. Death rates declined steadily as energy expended on such activity increased from less than 500 to 3500 kcal per week, beyond which rates increased slightly. Rates were one quarter to one third lower among alumni expending 2000 or more kcal during exercise per week than among less active men. With or without consideration of hypertension, cigarette smoking, extremes or gains in body weight, or early parental death, alumni mortality rates were significantly lower among the physically active. Relative risks of death for individuals were highest among cigarette smokers and men with hypertension, and attributable risks in the community were highest among smokers and sedentary men. By the age of 80, the amount of additional life attributable to adequate exercise, as compared with sedentariness, was one to more than two years.
Time Series Forecasting of Averaged Data With Efficient Use of Information (2005)

Time series has been a popular tool for the analysis and forecasting of a large number of data. Very often, the applied approaches forecasts had limited success and the main reason was the lack of statistically significant historical information. We focus our attention on three common series, which are formed from the averaging of data collected over a shorter time interval. These include weekly and biweekly foreign exchange rates, mean hourly wind speed and electric load data. The proposed scheme, which takes advantage of the dominant characteristics of the shorter interval data, produced superior forecasts to those based on conventional approaches based only on historical observations of the target data. In the first two series, the proposed approach generated forecasts that significantly lower to those of the trivial random walk, a benchmark in series dominated by short-term correlation. On the load series, this approach made possible that a simple auto-regressive model returned lower forecasting error compared to a neural network that included special indicators to account for the periodic nature of the data.
Adsorptive stripping voltammetric detection of daunomycin at mercury and bismuth alloy electrodes (2007)

We investigated the analytical response of daunomycin, an effective drug used for cancer chemotherapy, at different types of electrodes. The following five different materials for the electrodes have been compared: hanging mercury drop, gold, gold/bismuth, gold/mercury and silver mercury. Especially at the hanging mercury drop electrode and also at the silver/mercury and gold/mercury amalgam electrode, nicely shaped cyclic voltammograms with nearly no peak separation could be found whereas both the gold and the gold/bismuth electrode showed a significant peak separation. The linear dependency to the scan rate of the signal of all the electrodes is a hint for adsorption rather than diffusion control. In adsorptive stripping voltammetry it could be shown that especially the gold/bismuth alloy (4 % Bi) has a great linear calibration range of daunomycin, whereas the linear range at the hanging mercury drop electrode is surprisingly limited. The reason for the advantageous properties of the gold/bismuth alloy in adsorptive stripping analysis can probably be addressed to sufficiently strong and particularly constant adsorption at low daunomycin concentrations at the electrode surface. Hence, the gold/bismuth electrode can be recommended for adsorptive stripping voltammetry of trace amounts of daunomycin.
The Measurement Nightmare (1999)

Today's competitive environment requires that companies distinguish themselves in the marketplace using factors other than prices. Companies that excel at on-time delivery, short cycle/leadtime, quality, and fast response to the market gain a competitive edge - and have the ability to market based on these features. A proven approach to achieve
Low-temperature adsorption of methane on microporous AU-1 carbon adsorbent (2014)

In this work, isotherms of absolute adsorption of methane on microporous AU-1 carbon adsorbent have been measured in the pressure range from 30 Pa to 6 MPa and temperature range from 178 to 273 K. Adsorption isosteres of methane have been plotted according to experimental data. Isosteres are approximated well by lines in lnp = f(1/T)a coordinates. Differential molar heats of adsorption of methane on this adsorbent have been calculated on the basis of experimental isotherms. Theses regarding the structure of adsorbed substance based on thermodynamic analysis have been proved by molecular-dynamic calculations.
OVERVIEW OF EMERGING BAYESIAN APPROACH TO NONLINEAR SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION (2006)

Over the last twenty years, nonlinear system identiflcation has gained signiflcant interest due to the increasing demand of high performance control. Nonlinear system identiflcation is challenging owing to its complexity, unpre- dictability, and dimension curse. The literature has mainly focused on two classes of modeling. One is the most studied black-box modeling that is completely data based. Another important class of system identiflcation is grey-box modeling, i.e. certain model structure of the underlying system is known, but parameters and state variables are unknown. The general Bayesian approach to nonlinear system identiflcation targets not only the black-box problem but also the grey- box problem. The Bayesian inference idea is certainly not new but its usefulness has not been proven in nonlinear system identiflcation until recent years owing to the increasing capacity of computation power. This paper gives an overview of its most signiflcant development in recent years, namely the unscented Kalman fllter (UKF) for sequential inference of parameters/state. The UKF can be used for on- line as well as ofi-line applications. The general solution to the sequential Bayesian inference problem is flrst reviewed, and the paper will then focus on the unscented Kalman fllter as a representative of the emerging Bayesian flltering approach to system identiflcation. We endeavor to explain mathematical concepts in a simple language and provide a tutorial on some key results. Several engineering examples are presented to illustrate the new developments and their utilities.