gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Convergent Synthetic Approach Using Sterically Demanding Aryldipyrrylmethanes for Tuning the Pocket Sizes of Cofacial Bisporphyrins (2002)

Meso substitution opposite to the spacer provides a convenient approach for tuning the pocket sizes of pillared cofacial bisporphyrins. The synthesis and coordination chemistry of xanthene and dibenzofuran anchored platforms structurally modified with 2,6-dimethoxyaryl groups are described. Comparative structural analysis of xanthene derivatives confirms the ability of the trans-aryl groups to adjust the vertical dimension of the cofacial cleft: 7 (C(97)H(106)Cl(4)N(8)O(5)), monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c, a = 28.8353(12) A, b = 17.1139(7) A, c = 17.5978(7) A, beta = 98.826(1) degrees, Z = 4; 8 (C(101)H(123)Cl(2)N(8)O(11.5)Zn(2)), monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n, a = 14.5517(6) A, b = 22.9226(10) A, c = 28.5155(13) A, beta = 90.312(14) degrees, Z = 4; 12 (C(99)H(102)Cl(14)N(8)O(5)Mn(2)), monoclinic, space group P2/c, a = 19.5891(3) A, b = 15.0741(2) A, c = 33.2019(6) A, beta = 91.947(10) degrees, Z = 4. The convenience and versatility of this synthetic method offers intriguing opportunities to specifically tailor the binding pockets of cofacial bisporphyrins for the study of small-molecule activation within a proton-coupled electron transfer framework.
Echocardiographic and Radiographic Changes Associated with Systemic Hypertension in Cats (2002)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of systemic hypertension (SHT) on echocardiographic and radiographic cardiovascular variables in affected cats compared with healthy geriatric cats. Secondary objectives were to determine whether there were any relationships between these findings and age or systolic blood pressure (SBP). Fifteen healthy cats (&lt;8 years of age with normal SBP) and 15 hypertensive cats (SBP &gt; 180 mm Hg) were studied. Each cat was evaluated for standard echocardiographic parameters and 4 different aortic root dimensions. Seventeen variables were measured from right lateral and dorsoventral radio-graphic views. Left ventrical wall thickness was greater in the SHT group (5.1 ± 0.9 mm) than in the healthy cats (4.2 ± 0.5 mm). Left ventricular hypertrophy in the SHT cats often was not severe, and mean measures were considered normal. Some cats had asymmetrical septal hypertrophy (ASH) in the basilar portion of the septum as determined from the 2-dimensional view of the left ventricular outflow tract. ASH was greater in cats with SHT. Comparisons of the proximal ascending aorta indicated the presence of dilatation in the SHT cats, and comparison of the ascending aorta to the aortic annulus was helpful in differentiating between the 2 groups. The distal aortic root measurements and ratios evaluated by echocardiography were significantly different between the 2 groups of cats (P= .0001) and were significantly correlated with SBP (P= .0001) but not age (P &gt; .3).
Self-learning laboratory set-up for teaching power electronics combining simulations and measurements (2003)

The proposed laboratory for teaching power electronics combines experimenting with a real prototype and using a simulator. In this case the teaching laboratory is focused on the switched DC/DC converters. Students can learn by their own and without professor assistance not only the theory about switched DC/DC converters, but also the differences between theory and practice, the importance of simulation in the design process and the basic of measurements. A set of software and hardware tools has been developed that is fully described in this paper.
Effect of Ionic Groups on Polymer-Grafted Magnetic Nanoparticle Assemblies (2014)

Conductivity in ionomer melts is governed by the density of conducting ions and ionic aggregation within low dielectric polymers. New material design strategies are needed to direct ion aggregation by utilizing low ion densities that will improve ion conductivity in polymer composite films. Here, we report the dispersion of ionomer-grafted magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) in polymers to explore their potential in energy applications. Iron oxide NPs coated with a uniform silane layer are grafted with polystyrene (PS) chains and are randomly sulfonated to various extents. We examine the interplay between ionic interactions and chain repulsion by varying the ion concentration and length of grafted chains. Transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering results show that ion-containing polymer-grafted NPs form highly ordered chain-like structures below 3 mol % sulfonation in bulk at two particle loadings (5 and 15 wt %). Moreover, increasing grafted chain length leads to long-range spacing correlations between sulfonated strings. This strategy to create discrete and connected highly ordered string nanostructures can be used as a means of controlling the ion aggregation and transport in polymer nanocomposites.
Evaluation of the effects of pulsed magnetic field treatment as a nondestructive treatment for magnetic materials (2002)

Pulsed magnetic treatment has been suggested as a nondestructive treatment of magnetic materials for reducing microscopic stress and strain in the materials. Systematic studies have been made to test the effect of pulsed magnetic field treatments in a variety of magnetic materials including bulk nickel and magnetic thin film samples. The treatment involves the application of a low frequency, periodic magnetic field superimposed with a high frequency pulse component followed by demagnetization. Equipment for applying the pulsed magnetic field treatment has been designed and constructed, together with computer software which was developed to allow complete control of the waveform, frequency and amplitude of the pulsed magnetic field profile. Various characterization techniques, including magnetic hysteresis, Barkhausen effect measurements and magnetic force microscopy, were used to test the effects of the pulsed magnetic field treatment. Present results indicate that the stress relief effect of the treatment on the samples, if there is any, is much weaker than claimed in previous studies.
Waveform estimation of particle discharge currents in straight 154 kV GIS using electromagnetic wave propagation simulation (2013)

The waveform of the discharge current in gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) has not yet been elucidated. If waveform of the actual excitation input current is known, the simulation will fit the experiment for the electro-magnetic (EM) wave. In the present paper, an attempt was made to determine a standard simulated EM wave shape obtained by changing the rise time t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> of the excitation waveform of a Gaussian pulse of 10-150 ps considering the propagation attenuation in the GIS. This comparison was performed in terms of both the transmission rate Tv of the peak-to-peak value V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</sub> of the EM wave intensity and the transmission rate T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">w</sub> of the accumulated energy of the EM wave. The simulation used two types of PD sources: a high-voltage conductor-side particle and a tank-side free particle. The simulation revealed that as t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> is shortened, both T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">v</sub> and T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">w</sub> decrease. As a result, it was found that a simulated excitation pulse with a rise time of 10-25 ps produced the best fit to the experimentally obtained T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">v</sub> and T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">w</sub> when the calculation was made for a straight GIS structure with two epoxy spacers for the two types of PD sources.
Abnormal IgG galactosylation in MRL‐<i>lpr/lpr</i> mice: Pathogenic role in the development of arthritis (2001)

MRL-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) mice spontaneously develop arthritis by an increase in the incidence of agalactosylated oligosaccharides in serum IgG, similar to rheumatoid arthritis patients. However, whether this association has a pathogenic significance is still unknown. In this study, we analyzed the oligosaccharide structure of serum IgG in various MRL mice with or without arthritis, to clarify the relationship between the oligosaccharide abnormality and the development of arthritis. The level of agalactosylation in serum IgG was comparable in both arthritis-free MRL/lpr and MRL-+/+ (MRL/+) mice at 6 weeks of age. In contrast, the incidence of IgG lacking galactose markedly increased in MRL/lpr mice at 6 months of age (the age at which arthritis occurred), compared with that from age-matched MRL/+ mice without arthritis. However, the proportion of agalactosylated IgG increased similarly in anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody-treated MRL/lpr mice at 6 months of age, despite the absence of the development of arthritis, because of depletion of CD4+ T cells. These results suggest that the abnormality in IgG galactosylation of MRL/lpr mice developed in an age-dependent manner, but it did so independently of CD4+ T cell-dependent B-cell activation and is not a consequence of the development of arthritis.
Additives for processing rigid PVDC copolymers (1994)

Abstract Polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) copolymers are highly crystalline materials used in packaging applications because of their strength and excellent barrier properties. The crystalline moiety (∼40 to 50%) generally melts from 160 to 170°C and the amorphous phase T g is between 0 and 35°C depending on the comonomer type and level. PVDC is much less thermally stable than PVC and degrades very rapidly in the same temperature range (i.e. above the T m ) required to process the material. Added plasticizers are utilized to reduce processing temperatures but at the expense of barrier properties. There is a need to process PVDC sans plasticizer to achieve maximum possible barrier properties in multilayer composite sheet and films. Additives will be discussed that have been shown (in laboratory tests) to delay the fusion of the amorphous phase of unplasticized PVDC until the material temperature nears the crystalline melting point, thus reducing the overall heat history with a minimal effect on other important properties.
Entscheiden (1982)

ZusammenfassungR. A. Fisher, der Begründer der modernen Inferenzstatistik, hat die Entscheidungstheorie abgelehnt. Viele, vor allem amerikanische Statistiker wollen die ganze Statistik entscheidungstheoretisch interpretieren. Vernünftig ist m.E., in einem gegebenen Problem die (objektive) Inferenz, d. h. ja auch: die Wahrheitssuche, so weit zu treiben wie nur irgend möglich; dort aber und nur dort, wo die gefundene Wahrheit nicht ausreicht, um eine Aktion zu ergreifen, die inferential Lücke mittels Entscheidung zu schließen. „Nur dort“ im zweifachen Sinne, nur dort, wo die „Wahrheit“ nicht ausreicht, und nur dort, wo eine Aktion zu ergreifen ist, d. h. dort, wo man etwas tun muß.
Redilation of e‐PTFE covered CP stents (2008)

Covered Cheatham-Platinum stents can be easily redilated.
Longitudinal and lateral low frequency head wave analysis in soft media (2005)

This article studies the influence of the head wave in the lateral and longitudinal components of the displacements generated by the radiation of low-frequency elastic waves in an isotropic and homogeneous soft solid. Low-frequency shear waves are used to characterize elastic properties of soft tissues. In this context, it is useful to have a detailed study of the low-frequency wave field in this kind of material. A soft medium is characterized by the fact that the head wave is found in the source's axis. Even though its amplitude is small compared with the shear wave, it is possible to be observed experimentally by recording consecutive ultrasonic A-lines while the low-frequency wave propagates inside the medium. A standard one-dimensional speckle tracking technique is employed to measure the displacements. Experimental results were interpreted through the exact Green's function solution to the half-space problem. According to the theoretical and experimental analysis, the head wave and surface related terms in general contribute to the displacements in the low-frequency range. This article thoroughly analyzes and experimentally shows the contribution of the head wave for the lateral component, which is not fully addressed by the literature.
Maximizing the Value of the Intelligent Field: Experience and Prospective (2012)

Abstract Our industry has embarked largely on implementing the intelligent field initiative in recent years, which is a clear indication of the surge to adapt to new methods, processes and workflows to manage existing and new fields. The capacity at which this technology was implemented worldwide is a sign of a strong buy-in from the industry that this technology will deliver on its promises in terms of maximizing hydrocarbon production, recovery, profits, or health, safety and environmental compliance. Saudi Aramco is considered to be a leader in deploying and utilizing the intelligent field technology to maximize the value of hydrocarbon reservoirs. This paper discusses the implementation of intelligent field initiative in Saudi Arabian fields and particularly in the world's largest intelligent field, the Khurais complex. It highlights the huge infrastructure to measure and transmit data and to manage and control production in this field. As a result of the lessons learned from this experience, the classical reservoir management concepts are going through a major transformation to adapt to a fundamental change in data acquisition and production controls. Moreover, the engineers were faced with a new challenge in the reservoir monitoring process and overall field optimization, which requires a paradigm shift in analysis, interpretation, and decision making to maximize the value of the intelligent field. So far, the industry's efforts to utilize intelligent field technology are mainly focused at well level to optimize production rate and ensure target rate compliance. Saudi Aramco's efforts are going beyond the well level to optimize reservoir performance and enhance oil recovery. This paper illustrates some of those efforts, which resulted in a better understanding of well deliverability and reservoir connectivity. In addition, this paper highlights the major challenges facing operating companies, to manage those fields. It provides methods and workflows to mitigate these challenges and maximize the value of intelligent fields and fully utilize the existing infrastructure and capabilities.
Energy and Power Evaluation Program for Windows (2000)

ENPEP for windows has its origins in the DOS version of the software, however, the Windows release is significantly modified and rather different in structure and capabilities from the older DOS version of ENPEP. ENPEP for Windows provides the user with a graphical interface for designing a comprehensive model of the energy system of a country or region. The BALANCE submodel processes a representative network of all energy production, conversion, transport, distribution, and utilization activities in a country (or region) as well as the flows of energy and fuels among these activities. The objective of the model is to simulate energy market and determine energy supply and demand balance over a long-term period of up to 75 years. The environmental aspect is also taken into account by calculating the emissions of various pollutants. In addition to the energy costs, the environmental costs are also calculated by the model. These costs can be used to affect the solution found by the market equilibrium algorithm. The main purpose of the software is to provide analytical capability and tools for the various analyses of energy and environmental systems, as well as for development of long-term energy strategy of a country or region.
Sillas que permiten una adecuada posición de trabajo (2007)

Benzene, a common industrial chemical and a component of gasoline, is radiomimetic and exposure may lead progressively to aplastic anaemia, leukaemia, and multiple myeloma. Although benzene has been shown to cause many types of genetic damage, it has consistently been classified as a non-mutagen in the Ames test, possibly because of the inadequacy of the S9 microsomal activation system. The metabolism of benzene is complex, yielding glucuronide and sulphate conjugates of phenol, quinol, and catechol, L-phenylmercapturic acid, and muconaldehyde and trans, trans-muconic acid by ring scission. Quinol is oxidised to p-benzoquinone, which binds to vital cellular components or undergoes redox cycling to generate oxygen radicals; muconaldehyde, like p-benzoquinone, is toxic through depletion of intracellular glutathione. Exposure to benzene may also induce the microsomal mixed function oxidase, cytochrome P450 IIE1, which is probably responsible for the oxygenation of benzene, but also has a propensity to generate oxygen radicals. The radiomimetic nature of benzene and its ability to induce different sites of neoplasia indicate that formation of oxygen radicals is a major cause of benzene toxicity, which involves multiple mechanisms including synergism between arylating and glutathione-depleting reactive metabolites and oxygen radicals. The occupational exposure limit in the United Kingdom (MEL) and the United States (PEL) was 10 ppm based on the association of benzene exposure with aplastic anaemia, but recently was lowered to 5 ppm and 1 ppm respectively, reflecting a concern for the risk of neoplasia. The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) has even more recently recommended that, as benzene is considered an A1 carcinogen, the threshold limit value (TLV) should be decreased to 0.1 ppm. Only one study in man, based on nine cases of benzene associated fatal neoplasia, has been considered suitable for risk assessment. Recent re-evaluation of these data indicated that past assessments may have overestimated the risk, and different authors have considered that lifetime exposure to benzene at 1 ppm would result in an excess of leukaemia deaths of 9.5 to 1.0 per 1000. Although in this study, deaths at low levels of benzene exposure were associated with multiple myeloma and a long latency period, instead of leukaemia, which might justify further lowering of the exposure limit, the risk assessment model has been found to be non-significant for response at low levels of exposure. The paucity of data for man, the complexity of the metabolic activation of benzene, the interactive and synergistic mechanisms of benzene toxicity and carcinogenicity, the different disease endpoints (aplastic anaemia, leukaemia, and multiple myeloma), and different individual susceptibilities, all indicate that in such a complex scenario, regulators should proceed with caution before making further changes to the exposure limit for this chemical.
Electronic shell closings in metal cluster plus adsorbate systems: Cu+7CO and Cu+17CO (1991)

The stability of CO-chemisorbed small clusters of copper have been studied both by first principles calculations and by experiment. Evidence is found that the shell model (which predicts that clusters of 8, 18, and 20 electrons are particularly stable) is useful both for the bare metal clusters, and for these clusters with a chemisorbed CO−provided the CO is considered to have contributed two electrons. Experiments supporting this view are reported for gold clusters as well.
Agglomerative Clustering-Based Network Partitioning for Parallel Power System Restoration (2017)

After a blackout, it is essential to restore the blackout area rapidly to minimize possible losses. In parallel restoration, the blackout area is first partitioned into several subsystems, which will then be restored in parallel to accelerate the restoration process. In order to ensure restoration reliability, each subsystem should have enough generation power and satisfy a set of constraints before triggering the parallel restoration process. This paper models this as a constrained optimization problem and proposes a partitioning strategy to solve it in three steps. In the first step, some existing methods and expert knowledge are used for initialization of the partitioning process. The second step ensures the satisfaction of modeled constraints. The third step operates greedily to find suitable partitions for parallel restoration. The proposed strategy is implemented and evaluated on IEEE 39- and 118-bus power systems. Evaluation results show that it provides adequate subsystems for parallel restoration. Unlike some existing partitioning strategies, the proposed strategy can be used to partition a power system into multiple subsystems in a single execution.
Role of the wolf in a deer decline in the Superior National Forest (1977)

White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) declined in the Superior National Forest of Minnesota between 1968 and 1974. In a 3,000 km2 area of the poorest habitat, deer were decimated. Contributing factors were severe winters, deteriorating habitat, and wolves. Wolves killed older deer, but insufficient fawns were available to replace them.
Overview of Nonintercepting Beam-Size Monitoring with Optical Diffraction Radiation (2010)

The initial demonstrations over the last several years of the use of optical diffraction radiation (ODR) as nonintercepting electron‐beam‐parameter monitors are reviewed. Developments in both far‐field imaging and near‐field imaging are addressed for ODR generated by a metal plane with a slit aperture, a single metal plane, and two‐plane interferences. Polarization effects and sensitivities to beam size, divergence, and position will be discussed as well as a proposed path towards monitoring 10‐micron beam sizes at 25 GeV.
Imatinib attenuates skeletal muscle dystrophy in <i>mdx</i> mice (2009)

Duchenne-Meryon muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common and lethal genetic muscle disease. Ameliorating muscle necrosis, inflammation, and fibrosis represents an important therapeutic approach for DMD. Imatinib, an antineoplastic agent, demonstrated antiinflammatory and antifibrotic effects in liver, kidney, lung, and skin of various animal models. This study tested antiinflammatory and antifibrotic effects of imatinib in mdx mice, a DMD mouse model. We treated mdx mice with intraperitoneal injections of imatinib at the peak of limb muscle inflammation and the onset of diaphragm fibrosis. Controls received PBS vehicle or were left untreated. Muscle necrosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and function were evaluated by measuring serum CK activity, endomysial CD45 immunoreactive inflammation area, endomysial collagen III deposition, and hind limb grip strength. Phosphorylation of the tyrosine kinase targets of imatinib was assessed by Western blot in diaphragm tissue and in primary cultures of peritoneal macrophages and skeletal muscle fibroblasts. Imatinib markedly reduced muscle necrosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, and significantly improved hind limb grip strength in mdx mice. Reduced clinical disease was accompanied by inhibition of c-abl and PDGFR phosphorylation and suppression of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta expression. Imatinib therapy for DMD may hold promise for ameliorating muscle necrosis, inflammation, and fibrosis by inhibiting c-abl and PDGFR signaling pathways and downstream inflammatory cytokine and fibrotic gene expression.