gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of Early and Late Simian Virus 40 Transcripts in the Absence of Protein Synthesis (1980)

We examined the synthesis of early and late simian virus 40 (SV40) mRNA's in SV40-infected cells treated with two kinds of protein synthesis inhibitors. SV40 stimulated the synthesis of mRNA's for both large and small tumor antigens in cells pretreated with the drug emetine before the addition of virus. Emetine is a stringent inhibitor of protein synthesis and, thus, protein factors necessary for transcription and processing of these mRNA's probably preexist in the cell. Surprisingly, infection of cells pretreated with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide stimulated the synthesis of about 10-fold-higher levels of early viral mRNA's than did comparable infections of nontreated cells. This amplification of early viral mRNA steady-state levels is probably not due to inhibition of synthesis of the early A gene product since the same degree of drug-specific amplification was seen in SV40 tsA-infected cells that were cultured at the nonpermissive temperature. However, the most interesting effect of cycloheximide addition on viral mRNA synthesis was its stimulation of the appearance of late mRNA's in the cytoplasm of cells at early periods of infection. The synthesis of late mRNA's does not appear to require the A gene product as late RNAs can be found in the cytoplasm of cells infected with SV40 tsA mutants which have been maintained at 41 degrees C and continuously cultured in the presence of cycloheximide.
A game theoretic approach to network coding (2009)

We introduce a game theoretic framework for studying a restricted form of network coding in a general wireless network. The network is fixed and known, and the system performance is measured as the number of wireless transmissions required to meet n unicast demands. Game theory is here employed as a tool for improving distributed network coding solutions. We propose a framework that allows each unicast session to independently adjust his routing decision in response to local information. Specifically, we model the unicast sessions as self-interested decision makers in a noncooperative game. This approach involves designing both local cost functions and decision rules for the unicast sessions so that the resulting collective behavior achieves a desirable system performance in a shared network environment. We compare the performance of the resulting distributed algorithms to the best performance that could be found and implemented using a centralized controller. We focus on the performance of stable solutions - where stability here refers to a form of Nash equilibrium defined below. Results include bounds on the best- and worst-case stable solutions as compared to the optimal centralized solution. We show that our bounds on the best- and worst-case stable performance cannot be improved using cost functions that are independent of the network structure. Results in learning in games prove that the best-case stable solution can be learned by self-interested players with probability approaching 1.
Laser deposition of a metal from triphenylphosphine complexes of univalent gold (1986)

Laser deposition of Au from triphenyl complexes RAuL of univalent gold on some semiconductor and insulator substrates was realized experimentally. A metal deposit of ~1μ transverse size was observed in a laser projection microscope.
Microstructure of cubic boron nitride thin films grown by ion-assisted pulsed laser deposition (1994)

A microstructural study of boron nitride films grown by ion-assisted pulsed laser deposition is presented. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electron-energy-loss spectroscopy, and electron-diffraction measurements indicate that within the ion-irradiated region on the substrate, the film consists of a high fraction of the cubic phase (cBN) with a small amount of the turbostratic phase; outside the irradiated region, only the turbostratic phase is detected. Conventional and high-resolution electron microscopic observations show that the cBN is in the form of twinned crystallites, up to 40 nm in diameter. Particulates, formed by the laser ablation process, reduce the yield of cBN in the irradiated regions by shadowing local areas from the ion beam. The films exhibit a layered structure with an approximately 30-nm-thick layer of oriented turbostratic material forming initially at the silicon substrate followed by the cBN. The observations of oriented turbostratic material and twinned cBN crystallites are discussed in relation to a previously proposed compressive stress-induced mechanism for cBN synthesis by ion-assisted film deposition.
Type 2 diabetes remission 2 years post Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy: the role of the weight loss and comparison of DiaRem and DiaBetter scores (2017)

DiaBetter and DiaRem scores predict diabetes remission following both procedures. Two-year % weight loss plays a key role in determining diabetes remission.
The Snyder Synthesis of Psylloborine A (2017)

In addition to the monomeric coccinellid alkaloids produced by the ladybug, some dimeric alkaloids, exemplified by psylloborine A 3, have been isolated. Scott A. Snyder of Scripps/Florida initially attempted a direct dimerization strategy for the assembly of 3, but when that failed, he devised (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 9743) a route to the tethered dimer 1, that could indeed be cyclized to 2, the immediate precursor to 3. The starting material for both 9, the lower half of 1, and 13, the upper half of 1, was the commercial, enantiomerically-pure piperidine 4. Metalation followed by allylation gave the desired trans diastereomer 5. Oxidative cleavage followed by con­densation with 6 gave the ester 7, that was hydrogenated, then converted with 8 to the desired phosphonate 9. To prepare 13, 4 was metalated and alkylated with methallyl bromide. The prod­uct 10 was carried on to the enone 12 by oxidative cleavage followed by the addition of 11, oxidative cleavage, and dehydration. Reduction to the desired diastereomer was achieved by conjugate addition of hydride in the presence of the sterically very demanding Yamamoto Lewis acid ATPH. Deprotection followed by oxidation then gave 13, that was condensed with 9 and deprotected to give 14. Selective deprotection followed by oxidation and condensation with 15 then led to 1. A key element in the design of this synthesis was the ability to easily tune the sul­fone activating group, to direct the proper order of bond formation. The vision was that regeneration of the enone and deprotection, with tetramethylguanidine, would lead to 16. The free amine would add to the saturated ketone to give an enamine, that would in turn add in a conjugate sense to the enone to give 17. Further deprotec­tion of 17 under acid conditions would again generate an enamine that, it was hoped, would, after further cyclization, add to the unsaturated sulfone to give 2. As illustrated, the 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl sulfone gave the best results. Desulfurization of 2 completed the synthesis of the complex dimeric alkaloid psylloborine A 3.
Synthese von Kolloiden und redispergierbaren Pulvern stark lumineszierender LaPO4:Ce,Tb-Nanokristalle (2001)

Nanopartikel mit hoher Photolumineszenz-Quantenausbeute werden neuerdings als mögliche Markierungssubstanzen für Biomoleküle und als Leuchtsubstanzen für optoelektronische Bauteile diskutiert. In einem koordinierenden Lösungsmittel konnten nun chemisch stabile, kaum toxische LaPO4:Ce,Tb-Nanokristalle (siehe Bild) im Gramm-Maßstab hergestellt werden. Diese Nanopartikel können in polaren Lösungsmitteln leicht zu streufreien Kolloiden redispergiert werden, die Quantenausbeuten bis zu 61 % aufweisen.
Trypanosoma brucei Modifies the Tsetse Salivary Composition, Altering the Fly Feeding Behavior That Favors Parasite Transmission (2010)

Tsetse flies are the notorious transmitters of African trypanosomiasis, a disease caused by the Trypanosoma parasite that affects humans and livestock on the African continent. Metacyclic infection rates in natural tsetse populations with Trypanosoma brucei, including the two human-pathogenic subspecies, are very low, even in epidemic situations. Therefore, the infected fly/host contact frequency is a key determinant of the transmission dynamics. As an obligate blood feeder, tsetse flies rely on their complex salivary potion to inhibit host haemostatic reactions ensuring an efficient feeding. The results of this experimental study suggest that the parasite might promote its transmission through manipulation of the tsetse feeding behavior by modifying the saliva composition. Indeed, salivary gland Trypanosoma brucei-infected flies display a significantly prolonged feeding time, thereby enhancing the likelihood of infecting multiple hosts during the process of a single blood meal cycle. Comparison of the two major anti-haemostatic activities i.e. anti-platelet aggregation and anti-coagulation activity in these flies versus non-infected tsetse flies demonstrates a significant suppression of these activities as a result of the trypanosome-infection status. This effect was mainly related to the parasite-induced reduction in salivary gland gene transcription, resulting in a strong decrease in protein content and related biological activities. Additionally, the anti-thrombin activity and inhibition of thrombin-induced coagulation was even more severely hampered as a result of the trypanosome infection. Indeed, while naive tsetse saliva strongly inhibited human thrombin activity and thrombin-induced blood coagulation, saliva from T. brucei-infected flies showed a significantly enhanced thrombinase activity resulting in a far less potent anti-coagulation activity. These data clearly provide evidence for a trypanosome-mediated modification of the tsetse salivary composition that results in a drastically reduced anti-haemostatic potential and a hampered feeding performance which could lead to an increase of the vector/host contact and parasite transmission in field conditions.
The Homeodomain Protein, Pit-1/GHF-1, Is Capable of Binding to and Activating Cell-Specific Elements of Both the Growth Hormone and Prolactin Gene Promoters (1990)

Studies were conducted to determine whether the trans-acting protein Pit-1/GHF-1 can bind to and activate promoter elements in both the GH and PRL genes that are necessary for cell-specific expression. Four pituitary cell lines that differentially express the endogenous GH and PRL genes were examined for their ability to activate GH and PRL promoter constructs containing sequences necessary for cell-specific expression (CSEs). Plasmids containing one CSE, -96 PRL and -104 GH, were similarly expressed in each of the four cell lines. Of the plasmids containing two CSEs, -173 PRL was always activated to a greater extent than -145 GH, with this relative activation being stronger in GC and GH1 cells than in 235-1 and GH4C1 cells. Protein-DNA binding assays were used to show that the GH and PRL CSEs specifically bound two highly abundant nuclear proteins (31 and 33 kDa). The two proteins were present at similar levels in all four pituitary cell lines and were recognized by a Pit-1/GHF-1 antibody. In contrast, HeLa and Rat2 cells did not activate transfected GH or PRL plasmids and did not contain nuclear proteins that specifically bound to the GH and PRL CSEs. However, cotransfection of these cells with the expression vector RSV-Pit-1/GHF-1 resulted in the activation of -173 PRL and -145 GH (PRL greater than GH). HeLa cells transfected with RSV-Pit-1/GHF-1 also contained 31- and 33-kDa nuclear proteins that bound to the GH and PRL CSEs. These results show that Pit-1/GHF-1 is present at levels in pituitary cell lines that are sufficient to activate the minimal elements in both the GH and PRL promoters necessary for cell-specific expression of these genes.
Experimental Proof of the Necessity and Possibility of Simultaneous Non-Stable Object BSM Estimation (2006)

Experimental data got in TUCSR show that out-of-diagonal elements of BSM measured sequentially are not equal. It is the evidence of errors and proves the necessity to measure all BSM elements simultaneously. Possibility of such measurements show experimental data got in IRCTR TUDelft, that show good isolation of orthogonal receiving channels in case of suitable radar signal bases.
Arterial pressure measurements correlated to symptoms and signs of peripheral arterial disease. (1984)

The systolic pressure observed in 150 patients with peripheral arterial disease has been compared to their symptoms and signs. In patients with claudication the ankle mean pressure was 58 mmHg. In patients with rest pain it was 33 mmHg and in patients with chronic ulcerations it was 20 mmHg. In these 3 groups the mean ankle-foot pressure gradient was low (2-10 mmHg) were detected at the level of the iliaco-femoral and femora-popliteal segments. In the group of diabetic patients an high gradient was observed. Patients with peripheral arterial disease can be divided in four symptomatic groups but the angiographic and physiological patterns of patients with rest pain and ischemic ulcerations are similar and they are the best candidates to reconstructive arterial surgery.
EQUILIBRIA OF A PRESSURIZED CYLINDRICAL MEMBRANE WITH A NON-MONOTONIC PRESSURE-VOLUME CHARACTERISTIC (1988)

The equilibria of a pressurized circular cylindrical membrane are studied in the case when the inflation pressure-enclosed volume curve of the cylinder is nonmonotonic. This case provides a model for the behaviour of pressurized tubes in which different states of deformation coexist at equilibrium, sometimes referred to as a mixture of phases.
Irreducible Cluster Integrals of Hard-Sphere Gases (1963)

Three different methods of computing irreducible cluster integrals of hard-sphere gases are developed and discussed. The first one employs integration in configuration space. The second one involves the multiple summation of infinite series of Weber—Schafheitlin-type integrals. The third one is an extension of Nijboer—van Hove's modified Fourier transformation method. Of values of components of the fifth virial coefficient, Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4 have been obtained by the first method; Nos. 2, 5, 6, 7, 8 by the second method; and Nos. 1–10 also by a Monte Carlo method. The value of E/b4 is 0.1097. The value of the fifth virial coefficient for square-mound potential has also been given.
The potential impact of plain packaging of cigarette products among Brazilian young women: an experimental study (2012)

Plain packaging and removal of descriptors may reduce the appeal of smoking for youth and young adults, and consequently reduce smoking susceptibility. Overall, the findings provide support for plain packaging regulations, such as those in Australia.
Chemical analysis of constitutive pigmentation of human epidermis reveals constant eumelanin to pheomelanin ratio (2015)

The skin constitutive pigmentation is given by the amount of melanin pigment, its relative composition (eu/pheomelanin) and distribution within the epidermis, and is largely responsible for the sensitivity to UV exposure. Nevertheless, a precise knowledge of melanins in human skin is lacking. We characterized the melanin content of human breast skin samples with variable pigmentations rigorously classified through the Individual Typology Angle (ITA) by image analysis, spectrophotometry after solubilization with Soluene-350 and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after chemical degradation. ITA and total melanin content were found correlated, ITA and PTCA (degradation product of DHICA melanin), and TTCA (degradation product of benzothiazole-type pheomelanin) as well but not 4-AHP (degradation product of benzothiazine-type pheomelanin). Results revealed that human epidermis comprises approximately 74% of eumelanin and 26% pheomelanin, regardless of the degree of pigmentation. They also confirm the low content of photoprotective eumelanin among lighter skins thereby explaining the higher sensitivity toward UV exposure.
Organosilicon chemistry. Part XIV. Insertion of 1,2,2-trifluoroethylidene into C–H bonds of tetra-alkylsilanes: a novel alkyl group rearrangement (1975)

1,2,2-Trifluoroethylidene, generated by pyrolysis of trifluoro-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl)silane, inserts (10–30%) into various C–H bonds in the alkyl groups of alkyltrimethylsilanes, RSiMe3(R = Et, Prn, Pri, Bun, Bui, Bus, isopentyl, and cyclopentyl), but does not insert into the primary C–H bonds in tetramethylsilane. The ease of insertion into the C–H bonds is tertiary > secondary > primary, and C–H bonds α to silicon are somewhat deactivated as compared with those further removed from silicon. In general the α-insertion products are unstable under the reaction conditions and decompose to give fluorotrimethylsilane; other insertion products are stable. Insertion is also observed into the primary C–H bonds of hexamethyldisilane and hexamethyldisiloxane (ca. 5%). A novel rearrangement of the s-butyl group to the n-butyl group occurs during the reaction of trichloro-(s-butyl)-silane with methylmagnesium bromide.
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strain in a novel weaned mouse model: exacerbation by malnutrition, biofilm as a virulence factor and treatment by nitazoxanide (2013)

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is increasingly recognized as a common cause of diarrhoea in healthy, malnourished and immune-deficient adults and children. There is no reproducible non-neonatal animal model for longitudinal studies of disease mechanism or therapy. Using two strains of human-derived EAEC to challenge weaned C57BL/6 mice, we explored an in vivo model of EAEC infection in mice, in which disease was monitored quantitatively as the growth rate, stool shedding and tissue burden of organisms; nutritional status was varied, and a new class of therapeutics was assessed. A single oral challenge of EAEC strain 042 resulted in significant growth shortfalls (5-8 % of body weight in 12 days), persistent shedding of micro-organisms in stools [>10(3.2) c.f.u. (10 mg stool)(-1) for at least 14 days] and intestinal tissue burden [~10(3) c.f.u. (10 mg tissue)(-1) detectable up to 14 days post-challenge]. Moderate malnourishment of mice using a 'regional basic diet' containing 7 % protein and reduced fat and micronutrients heightened all parameters of infection. Nitazoxanide in subMIC doses, administered for 3 days at the time of EAEC challenge, lessened growth shortfalls (by >10 % of body weight), stool shedding [by 2-3 logs (10 mg stool)(-1)] and tissue burden of organisms (by >75 % in the jejunum and colon). Thus, weaned C57BL/6 mice challenged with EAEC is a convenient, readily inducible model of EAEC infection with three highly quantifiable outcomes in which disease severity is dependent on the nutritional status of the host, and which is modifiable in the presence of inhibitors of pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase such as nitazoxanide.
Cocatalyst‐Free Photocatalysts for Efficient Visible‐Light‐Induced H<sub>2</sub> Production: Porous Assemblies of CdS Quantum Dots and Layered Titanate Nanosheets (2011)

Abstract Highly efficient, visible‐light‐induced H 2 generation can be achieved without the help of a Pt cocatalyst by new hybrid photocatalysts, in which CdS quantum dots (QDs) (particle size ≈2.5 nm) are incorporated in the porous assembly of sub‐nanometer‐thick layered titanate nanosheets. Due to the very‐limited crystal dimension of component semiconductors, the electronic structure of CdS QDs is strongly coupled with that of the layered titanate nanosheets, leading to an efficient electron transfer between them and the enhancement of the CdS photostability. As a consequence of the promoted electron transfer, the photoluminescence of CdS QDs is nearly quenched after hybridization, indicating the almost‐suppression of electron‐hole recombination. These Pt‐cocatalyst‐free, CdS‐layered titanate nanohybrids show much‐higher photocatalytic activity for H 2 production than the precursor CdS QDs and layered titanate, which is due to the increased lifetime of the electrons and holes, the decrease of the bandgap energy, and the expansion of the surface area upon hybridization. The observed photocatalytic efficiency of these Pt‐free hybrids (≈1.0 mmol g −1 h −1 ) is much greater than reported values of other Pt‐free CdS‐TiO 2 systems. This finding highlights the validity of 2D semiconductor nanosheets as effective building blocks for exploring efficient visible‐light‐active photocatalysts for H 2 production.
High-resolution FISH mapping of β-defensin genes to river buffalo and sheep chromosomes suggests a chromosome discrepancy in cattle standard karyotypes (1996)

High-resolution chromosomal fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and R-banding allowed the chromosomal localization of the beta-defensin gene cluster (DEFB@) to chromosome band 1p12 in the river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis, 2n = 50) and to band 24q13 in sheep (Ovis aries, 2n = 54), according to standard nomenclatures. The localizations permitted the tentative assignment of the entire bovine syntenic group U25 to these chromosomes. A FISH mapping control on cattle chromosomes confirmed the localization of DEFB@ in the homoeologous chromosome and chromosome band. Comparisons were made between river buffalo chromosome 1p and the homoeologous cattle chromosome on standard karyotypes; the results are discussed in light of gene assignments, extensive chromosome band conservation among the Bovidae, and inconsistencies in domestic cattle chromosome nomenclatures.
Application de la Quantification Optimale à la méthode SIR (2011)

On considère un modèle de régression semi-paramétrique dans lequel la variable explicative $X$ est de dimension $d$ et intervient seulement via sa projection $\\beta'X$. Pour ce modèle, le problème majeur est l'estimation du paramètre vectoriel $\\beta$ et la prédiction de la variable réponse réelle $Y$ conditionnellement a $X$. Notre approche est fondée sur la méthode SIR (pour Sliced Inverse Regression) et la quantification optimale en norme $\\mathbb{L}^p$. Nous démontrons la convergence des estimateurs propos es de $\\beta$ et de la loi conditionnelle. Des simulations montrent le bon comportement numérique des estimateurs.
Regulation of serum cholesterol level in middle-aged and elderly men. Relation of cholesterol absorption and synthesis to lipoprotein metabolism. (1994)

The aim of the present study was to investigate cholesterol absorption and cholesterol and bile acid synthesis and relate these values of kinetics of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apoprotein (apo) B in 50- and 75-year-old men to find out why and by which mechanism serum cholesterol level decreases with advancing age under normal home-living conditions. The daily calorie, fat, and cholesterol intakes were lower in the 75-year-old men because the physiological requirements of daily energy are reduced in old age. However, absolute body weight was identical in the two groups, indicating isocaloric energy intake. Serum levels of total and LDL cholesterol were insignificant lower but those of LDL apo B significantly lower, so that the LDL cholesterol/apo B ratio was higher in the elderly men. The mean reduction of LDL apo B by 26% (P < .05) in the old men was associated with a 30% (P < .05) decrease in transport rate (TR) and a 3% (P = NS) decrease in removal (FCR) for LDL apo B. However, at the comparable apo B levels, both TR and FCR for apo B were significantly lower in the old than in the younger men. Cholesterol absorption efficiency, bile acid synthesis, fecal neutral and total sterol excretion, and cholesterol turnover but not synthesis were reduced in the elderly men.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Copper(<scp>ii</scp>) ions supported on functionalized graphene oxide: an organometallic nanocatalyst for oxidative amination of azoles <i>via</i> C–H/C–N bond activation (2020)

Graphene oxide (GO) was chemically modified with <italic>para</italic>-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) to immobilize copper(<sc>ii</sc>) ions on its surface and used as a nanocatalyst for the oxidative C (sp<sup>2</sup>)–H bond amination reaction.