gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Sunstituted 4-Pentenals (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of Sunstituted 4-PentenalsKent C. BrannockCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 13, 3379–3383Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01522a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01522a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views822Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Metal Oxide Catalysis (2008)

With its two-volume structure, this handbook and ready reference allows for comprehensive coverage of both characterization and applications, while uniform editing throughout ensures that the structure remains consistent. 
The result is an up-to-date review of metal oxides in catalysis. The first volume covers a range of techniques that are used to characterize oxides, with each chapter written by an expert in the field. Volume 2 goes on to cover the use of metal oxides in catalytic reactions.
For all chemists and engineers working in the field of heterogeneous catalysis.
MathJax's realization via computing node and server configuration (2012)

This paper researched computing node and server's configuration and mathematical formula's process based on MathJax. Considering the importance of internet to the development of mathematics and sciences, we introduced MathJax to provide an excellent solution to display formulas. We mainly focused on: Principle and innovation of MathJax; Multiple comparison around plugin, image simulation, Mathematical Markup Language (MathML); The specific configure method of MathJax's computing node and web-based situation. The results have demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed approach that combine MathJax with computing node and server configuration is a better solution to formulas, no matter in difficulty of configuration, resource consumption degrees, rendering speed, compatibility and expansibility or aesthetic measure.
Diet and cancer : markers, prevention, and treatment (1994)

Use of Vitamins A and D in Chemoprevention and Therapy of Cancer: Control of Nuclear Receptor Expression and Function: Vitamins, Cancer and Receptors R.M. Niles. Vitamin A Chemoprevention of Lung Cancer: A Shortterm Biomarker Study C.A. Redlich, et al. Human Cervical Cancer: Retinoids, Interferon and Human Papillomavirus R.L. Eckert, et al. Role of Apoptosis in the Growth Inhibitory Effects of Vitamin D in Mcf7 Cells J. Welsh, et al. Vitamin D and Prostate Cancer D. Feldman, et al. Choline and Hepatocarcinogenesis in the Rat S.H. Zeisel, et al. Dietary Effects on Gene Expression in Mammary Tumorigenesis P.R. Etkind. Effect of Dietary Fatty Acids on Gene Expression in Breast Cells Z. Ronai, et al. Lipotrope Deficiency and Persistent Changes in DNA Methylation: Lipotrope Deficiency and DNA Methylation J.K. Christman. Methionine Deprivation Regulates the Translation of Functionally-distinct CMyc Proteins S.R. Hann. Progressive Loss of Sensitivity to Growth Control by Retinoic Acid and Transforming Growth Factor-beta at Late Stages of Human Papillomavirus Type 16-initiated Transformation of Human Keratinocytes K.E. Creek, et al. Short-chain Fatty Acids and Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Colonic Cell Differentiation and Transformation L.H. Augenlicht, et al. Fish Oil and Cell Proliferation Kinetics in a Mammary Carcinoma Tumor Model N.W. Istfan, et al. Abstracts. Index.
Can immunotherapy specifically target acute myeloid leukemic stem cells? (2013)

Accumulating evidence supports the role of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) in the high relapse rate of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. The clinical relevance of LSCs, which were originally characterized in xenograft models, has recently been confirmed by the finding that stem cell-like gene expression signatures can predict the clinical outcome of AML patients. The targeted elimination of LSCs might hence constitute an efficient therapeutic approach to AML. Here, we review immunotherapeutic strategies that target LSC-associated antigens, including T cell-mediated and monoclonal antibody-based regimens. Attention is given to the issue of antigen specificity because this is relevant to the therapeutic window and determines the superiority of LSC-targeting immunotherapy.
19세기 미국의 포경업, 태평양, 그리고 아시아 (2013)

In the 19th century, before steamboats had replaced sailboats, crossing the wide Pacific Ocean was an extremely risky ordeal. However, since the beginning of American history, American whalers braved the wide Pacific in search of whales, which were valued for their blubber. Whale oil obtained from blubber had multiple uses but was primarily used as the main ingredient for making quality candles, various types of soap and, most importantly, lubricant for machinery before petroleum was first discovered in Pennsylvania in 1859. The period from the 1820s to the 1850s was the peak of the American whaling business. During this time, American whalers discovered new whaling grounds in the East Sea, which is located between the Japanese islands and the Korean peninsula. Because of frequent accidents that led to the sinking of a number of these vessels, the United States government required the aid of the Japanese to rescue its stranded whalers which laid the background for the signing of the Kanagawa Treaty between the United States and Japan in 1854. American whalers also found their way to Korea. In 1855, a year after the signing of the Kanagawa Treaty, four American whalers including, Thomas McGuire, were rescued by Koreans in Gangwon province. They had deserter the whaling ship, Two Brothers, which had left New Bedford, Massachusetts in 1854 and traveled to the East Sea. These four were eventually sent back to the United States via China after staying for approximately one month in Korea. In the meantime, they traveled through the northern part of the Korean peninsula, becoming the first Americans to experience Korean culture (Thomas McGuire and his friends were likely the first Americans to sample Kimchi). In sum, the search for whale guided American whalers to the East, where they would meet the Asian people.
End-to-end connectivity IPv6 over wireless sensor networks (2011)

It is foreseeable that in the near future any object will have an Internet connection - this is the Internet of Things vision. All these objects will be able to exchange and process information and all information will be accessible from Internet. Some of these objects, with wireless support, are characterized by small size, power constrains and small computing resources. Connecting such devices to the Internet is considered simultaneously the biggest challenge and a great opportunity for the Internet grow. To achieve the Internet of things vision is necessary to support IPv6 protocol suite in all objects. Supporting IPv6 simplifies the task of connecting objects to the Internet and the application developing process is also simplified and open. However, support IP suite protocol in low power and computing resource-constrained objects is an important challenge. This paper presents a complete solution to connect the smart objects to the Internet. Security measures were also one of the concerns in this solution. The paper also presents the design and deployment of a laboratory testbed to prove the proposed solution operation.
Amniotic Infection Syndrome: Nosology and Reproducibility of Placental Reaction Patterns (2003)

Clinically responsive placental examination seeks to provide useful information regarding the etiology, prognosis, and recurrence risk of pregnancy disorders. The purpose of this study was to assemble and validate a complete set of the placental reaction patterns seen with amniotic fluid infection in the hope that this might provide a standardized diagnostic framework useful for practicing pathologists. Study cases (14 with amniotic fluid infection, 6 controls) were reviewed blindly by six pathologists after agreement on a standard set of diagnostic criteria. After analysis of initial results, criteria were refined and a second, overlapping set of cases were reviewed. Majority vote served as the gold standard. Grading and staging of maternal and fetal inflammatory responses was found to be more reproducible using a two- versus three-tiered grading system than a three- versus five-tiered staging system (overall agreement 81% vs. 71%). Sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency for individual observations ranged from 67-100% (24/30 > 90%). Reproducibility was measured by unweighted kappa values and interpreted as follows: < 0.2, poor; 0.2-0.6, fair/moderate; > 0.6, substantial. Kappa values for the 12 lesions evaluated in 20 cases by the six pathologists were: acute chorioamnionitis/maternal inflammatory response (any, 0.93; severe 0.76; advanced stage, 0.49); chronic (subacute) chorioamnionitis (0.25); acute chorioamnionitis/fetal inflammatory response (any, 0.90; severe, 0.55; advanced stage, 0.52); chorionic vessel thrombi (0.37); peripheral funisitis (0.84); acute villitis (0.90); acute intervillositis/intervillous abscesses (0.65), and decidual plasma cells (0.30). Adoption of this clearly defined, clinically relevant, and pathologically reproducible terminology could enhance clinicopathologic correlation and provide a framework for future clinical research.
Conceptual Mathematics (2009)

In the last 60 years, the use of the notion of category has led to a remarkable unification and simplification of mathematics. Conceptual Mathematics introduces this tool for the learning, development, and use of mathematics, to beginning students and also to practising mathematical scientists. This book provides a skeleton key that makes explicit some concepts and procedures that are common to all branches of pure and applied mathematics. The treatment does not presuppose knowledge of specific fields, but rather develops, from basic definitions, such elementary categories as discrete dynamical systems and directed graphs; the fundamental ideas are then illuminated by examples in these categories. This second edition provides links with more advanced topics of possible study. In the new appendices and annotated bibliography the reader will find concise introductions to adjoint functors and geometrical structures, as well as sketches of relevant historical developments.
Earthquakes on the Kazerun Line in the Zagros Mountains of Iran: strike-slip faulting within a fold-and-thrust belt (1993)

The Kazerun Line is a transverse valley of about 200 km long that obliquely crosses the regular anticlines of the Zagros fold belt in SW Iran. At its northern end it is a clear fault which can be mapped on the surface. Anticline axes die out or bend towards this valley but do not cross it. Six moderate-sized earthquakes that occurred close the the Kazerun Line, and within a 25 km area involved right-lateral strike-slip motion parallel to the strike of the valley. They indicate that the Kazerun Line is the surface expression of a buried strike-slip fault. Slip vectors in these strike-slip earthquakes are different from those of neighbouring reverse-fault earthquakes, suggesting that the Kazerun Line accommodates some of the shortening between Arabia and central Iran by an elongation of the Zagros mountains parallel to strike. The centroid depths and the source dimensions of these earthquakes, combined with the lack of seismogenic surface faulting in the Zagros, suggest to us that all these earthquakes involve faulting in the metamorphic basement beneath the sedimentary cover. The sedimentary cover is almost certainly decoupled from the basement by several thick evaporite horizons. The seismicity of the Kazerun Line thus demonstrates how lateral interruptions to the regularity of a fold belt can arise from faulting in the basement, and not just from lateral ramps between the thrust sheets that deform the sedimentary cover.
Unital quantum operations on the Bloch ball and Bloch region (2004)

For one-qubit systems, we present a short, elementary argument characterizing unital quantum operators in terms of their action on Bloch vectors. We then show how our approach generalizes to multiqubit systems, obtaining inequalities that govern when a ``diagonal'' superoperator on the Bloch region is a quantum operator. These inequalities are the n-qubit analog of the Algoet-Fujiwara conditions. Our work is facilitated by an analysis of operator-sum decompositions in which negative summands are allowed.
Automated delineation of brain structures in patients undergoing radiotherapy for primary brain tumors: From atlas to dose–volume histograms (2014)

The speed, reproducibility, and robustness of the process make MRI-ABAS a valuable tool for investigating radiation dose-volume effects in non-target brain structures providing additional standardized data without additional time-consuming procedures.
Feeling Good: The New Mood Therapy (1980)

The good news is that anxiety, guilt, pessimism, procastination, low self-esteem, and other black holes of depression can be cured without drugs. In Feeling Good, eminent psychiatrist, David D. Burns, M.D., outlines the remarkable, scientifically proven techniques that will immediately lift your spirits and help you develop a positive outlook on life.
Improvement of lipase production at different stirring speeds and oxygen levels (2005)

Lipase production by a Brazilian wild strain of Yarrowia lipolytica at different stirring speeds and air flow rates was studied. The relationship among lipid consumption, cell growth and lipase production by this microorganism is presented. The most pronounced effect of oxygen on lipase production was determined by stirring speed. Maximum lipase activity was detected in the late stationary phase at 200 rpm and an air flow rate of 1-2 dm³/min (0.8-1.7 vvm) when the lipid source had been fully consumed. Higher stirring speeds resulted in mechanical and/or oxidative stress, while lower stirring speeds seemed to limit oxygen levels. An increase in the availability of oxygen at higher air flow rates led to faster lipid uptake and anticipation of enzyme release into the culture medium. The highest lipase production was obtained at 200 rpm and 1 dm³/min (0.8 vvm).
A novel energy consumption model using Residual Energy Based Mobile Agent selection scheme (REMA) in MANETs (2015)

In traditional Mobile Adhoc based wireless networks, routing path analysis and the performance metrics viz. Quality of Service (QoS) function as primary analytical measures. Normal MANET (Mobile Adhoc Network) topology considers minimum power management schemes. However, with the establishment of hybrid architectures the dynamic mobility issues turn out to be one of the primary concerns, which lead to energy conservation in MANET environment. Due to random mobility in MANET, there are chances that route failure may occur during the data transmission. This failure will lead to greater overload and increased delay. So there is a need for a cost effective technique for efficient data forwarding with better energy conservation. We propose a novel energy consumption model using Residual Energy Based Mobile Agent selection scheme (REMA). Mobile agents dynamically choose the appropriate upper layer agents by sharing topology information among nodes for reliable data transmission. Using this scheme, mobility weightage within the zone group and across different zone groups and the congestion free traffic characteristics are analyzed using multi mode gateway selection process. The energy of the nodes can be retained to the maximum time to increase the battery life and the gateway is selected based on the maximum weight which utilizes various route path data transfer mechanisms. The simulation results of the work, outperforms in terms of QoS metrics like high packet delivery rate, high throughput, minimum delay, reduced overhead and better energy efficiency when compared with the existing hierarchical protocols.
Electrooptical behaviour and control of a suspended particle device (2007)

Abstract A suspended particle device is made by electrophoretic rod-shape particles suspended in an organic gel. These particles can twist and order with an applied voltage. The light crossing the material suffers more or less scattering according to that voltage. A commercial device is analyzed in this work. Several electrical models are tested, being the best one a series configuration including a shunt double layer capacitance and a Warburg element. Main parameter errors are below 2%, showing the quality of this new electrical model for this kind of devices. A quick method to improve the manufacturing process on-line is also proposed. Impedance measurements will be fitted to the selected electrical model, in order to check physical aspects such as charge diffusion lengths and response times. An electronic driver to obtain several levels of device transmission has been also developed, being its linearity demonstrated too. Colour changes are negligible for the main part of the bleaching process. All these features allow the use of this set in domotics application.
A programmable DSP engine for high-rate modems (2003)

The authors discuss a general adaptive FIR (finite impulse response) filter (GAFF) which provides the signal-processing functions required for high data rates and supports a simple frequency-multiplexed core for ADSL (asymmetric digital subscriber line) operations, or a full-duplex full-feature unit that includes echo cancellation, decision feedback equalizer, and Tomlinson precoding. In addition to FIR operations, the device incorporates binary functions to complete all real-time modem operations, providing a complete system solution and eliminating external support circuitry. For low rate and low complexity, a single device can implement all the modem functions, while at the high end, a few devices are needed to share the load.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structure and thermal stability of Cu-In precipitates and their role in the semi-insulating behavior of InP:Cu (1992)

InP was found to be semi-insulating after Cu diffusion. This conversion of both n-InP and p-InP was ascribed to the presence of Cu-In precipitates that act as buried Schottky barriers. The thermal stability of both the precipitates and the electrical properties of InP:Cu were studied after high temperature annealing treatments. Atomic resolution microscopy was used to determine the structure of these precipitates. Diffraction studies of some of these inclusions show that they have the structure of the metallic hexagonal compound Cu16In9. The concentration of Cu-In precipitates was found to be comparable with what our calculations show would achieve intrinsic behavior due to the effect of the metallic inclusions.
Frequency-varying sinusoidal modeling of speech (1989)

A sinusoidal model is presented where the nonstationary nature of speech is considered by using a time-varying frequency and amplitude for each sinusoid. The proposed model generalizes other sinusoidal models while still having an analytically tractable short-time spectrum. The estimation of the parameters of the sinusoids is done in the frequency domain by a suboptimal linear estimator. The experimental results obtained with the proposed model illustrate its ability to represent nonstationary speech frames.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Severity of Cowpea mosaic virus and Putkong Disease Monitoring and Purification of Cowpea mosaic virus (2007)

석량풋콩 품종의 콩밭에서 모자이크 증상이 약하게 나타난 186개의 잎을 채집하여, Cowpea mosaic virus(CPMV)에 대한 ELISA 검정을 하였다. 그 결과 93개의 시료가 양성반응을 보였으며, 이 가운데 55개의 시료는 매우 높은 바이러스 밀도를 나타내고 있었다. 이러한 결과는 석량풋콩 품종의 동부모자이크병은 ELISA 검정, 바이러스 순화, 전자현미경검경 결과와 바이러스 표피 단백질분석 결과 Cowpea mosaic virus에 의한 병해로 확인되었다. One hundred and eighty-six leaves of soybean cv. Seokryangputkong that showed mild mosaic symptoms were collected randomly and ELISA tests were conducted with those leaf samples to screen the presence of Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV). Ninety-three out of 186 samples reacted positively to CPMV, but those samples did negatively to Soybean mosaic virus (SMV). At least, 55 leaf samples revealed higher values than that of positive control. The results strongly confirmed that CPMV occurred severely in soybean cv. Seokryangputkong. However, a question is raised on the primary reservoir and vector for transmission of this virus. Since the farmer changes seeds every year, seed transmission is excluded. The virus was also purified, the analysis of coat protein conformed the virus of cowpea mosaic virus and UV absorption pattern confirmed that the causal virus of mosaic disease in soybean putkong was cowpea mosaic virus.
Fabrication of cooled radial turbine rotor (1986)

A design and fabrication program was conducted to evaluate a unique concept for constructing a cooled, high temperature radial turbine rotor. This concept, called split blade fabrication was developed as an alternative to internal ceramic coring. In this technique, the internal cooling cavity is created without flow dividers or any other detail by a solid (and therefore stronger) ceramic plate which can be more firmly anchored within the casting shell mold than can conventional detailed ceramic cores. Casting is conducted in the conventional manner, except that the finished product, instead of having finished internal cooling passages, is now a split blade. The internal details of the blade are created separately together with a carrier sheet. The inserts are superalloy. Both are produced by essentially the same software such that they are a net fit. The carrier assemblies are loaded into the split blade and the edges sealed by welding. The entire wheel is Hot Isostatic Pressed (HIPed), braze bonding the internal details to the inside of the blades. During this program, two wheels were successfully produced by the split blade fabrication technique.
Tunneling magnetoresistance from a symmetry filtering effect (2008)

This paper provides a brief overview of the young, but rapidly growing field of spintronics. Its primary objective is to explain how as electrons tunnel through simple insulators such as MgO, wavefunctions of certain symmetries are preferentially transmitted. This symmetry filtering property can be converted into a spin-filtering property if the insulator is joined epitaxially to a ferromagnetic electrode with the same two-dimensional symmetry parallel to the interface. A second requirement of the ferromagnetic electrodes is that a wavefunction with the preferred symmetry exists in one of the two spin channels but not in the other. These requirements are satisfied for electrons traveling perpendicular to the interface for Fe-MgO-Fe tunnel barriers. This leads to a large change in the resistance when the magnetic moment of one of the electrodes is rotated relative to those of the other electrode. This large tunneling magnetoresistance effect is being used as the read sensor in hard drives and may form the basis for a new type of magnetic memory.