gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Primary Subtalar Arthrodesis for the Treatment of Comminuted Calcaneal Fractures (1996)

We retrospectively evaluated the results of primary subtalar arthrodesis for the treatment of severely comminuted calcaneal fractures. Of 108 patients with 112 calcaneal fractures treated at our institution between 1989 and 1992, 16 (15%) underwent primary subtalar arthrodesis through an extensile lateral approach. The calcaneal height and width were restored with standard fixation techniques and then arthrodesis was performed with bone graft and fixation by 7.0-mm cannulated cancellous screws. Fourteen patients (12 males and 2 females; mean age, 40 years) were available for examination at a mean time of 26 months (range, 12-54 months) after surgery. Arthrodesis, evidenced by radiographic bony bridging across the arthrodesis site, was present in all patients between 8 and 12 weeks. Minor wound complications occurred in three patients. Of the 12 patients employed before the injury, 11 returned to their original occupations at a mean time of 8.8 months after injury (range, 1 month to 3 years). The mean AOFAS 100-point clinical rating scale score, evaluating pain, function, and alignment, was 72.4 points (range, 48-88 points). We conclude that primary subtalar arthrodesis is indicated as part of the management of comminuted displaced articular calcaneal fractures, yielding results that allowed 11 of 12 formerly employed patients to return to work.
Molecular cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of a cellodextrinase gene from Bacteroides succinogenes S85 (1989)

A DNA fragment coding for a cellodextrinase of Bacteroides succinogenes S85 was isolated by screening of a pBR322 gene library in Escherichia coli HB101. Of 100,000 colonies screened on a complex medium with methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-cellobioside as the indicator substrate, two cellodextrinase-positive clones (CB1 and CB2) were isolated. The DNA inserts from the two recombinant plasmids were 7.7 kilobase pairs in size and had similar restriction maps. After subcloning from pCB2, a 2.5-kilobase-pair insert which coded for cellodextrinase activity was isolated. The enzyme was located in the cytoplasm of the E. coli host. It exhibited no activity on carboxymethyl cellulose, Avicel microcrystalline cellulose, acid-swollen cellulose, or cellobiose but hydrolyzed p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-cellobioside and p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-lactoside. The Km (0.1 mM) for the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-cellobioside by the enzyme expressed in E. coli was similar to that reported for the purified enzyme from B. succinogenes. Expression of the cellodextrinase gene was subjected to catabolite repression by glucose and was not induced by cellobiose. The origin of the DNA insert from B. succinogenes was confirmed by Southern blot analysis. Western blotting (immunoblotting) using antibodies raised against the purified B. succinogenes cellodextrinase revealed a protein with a molecular weight of approximately 50,000 in E. coli clones which comigrated with the native enzyme isolated from B. succinogenes. These data indicate that the cellodextrinase gene expressed in E. coli is fully functional and codes for an enzyme with properties similar to those of the native enzyme.
Effect of Room-Temperature Aging on Graphite/Polyimide Prepreg Materials (1980)

Fiber-reinforced composite materials are of increasing importance in many aerospace applications. The driving force behind this trend is the requirement for lighter-weight structural materials for advanced vehicles. Fiber composites seem to satisfy this need by offering a very high strength to weight ratio when compared with conventional metallic structural materials. This weight consideration is especially important to the successful development of vertical and short-take-off and landing (V/STOL) aircrafts in order to compensate for the large and heavy engines required for vertical lift. Since many epoxy resins only have a maximum use temperature around 135°C (275°F), a number of high temperature resin systems are being evaluated as possible candidates for the resin matrix material in graphite reinforced composites on future V/STOL aircraft. A resin is being sought which will meet operational requirements at temperatures in excess of 204°C (400°F), but will be relatively insensitive to moisture and will have the ease
Clinical review: Intrapericardial fibrinolysis in management of purulent pericarditis (2011)

Purulent pericarditis (PP) is a potentially life-threatening disease. Reported mortality rates are between 20 and 30%. Constrictive pericarditis occurs over the course of PP in at least 3.5% of cases. The frequency of persistent PP (chronic or recurrent purulent pericardial effusion occurring despite drainage and adequate antibiotherapy) is unknown because this entity was not previously classified as a complication of PP. No consensus exists on the optimal management of PP. Nevertheless, the cornerstone of PP management is complete eradication of the focus of infection. In retrospective studies, compared to simple drainage, systematic pericardiectomy provided a prevention of constrictive pericarditis with better clinical outcome. Because of potential morbidity associated with pericardiectomy, intrapericardial fibrinolysis has been proposed as a less invasive method for prevention of persistent PP and constrictive pericarditis. Experimental data demonstrate that fibrin formation, which occurs during the first week of the disease, is an essential step in the evolution to constrictive pericarditis and persistent PP. We reviewed the literature using the MEDLINE database. We evaluated the clinical efficacy, outcome, and complications of pericardial fibrinolysis. Seventy-four cases of fibrinolysis in PP were analysed. Pericarditis of tuberculous origin were excluded. Among the 40 included cases, only two treated by late fibrinolysis encountered failure requiring pericardiectomy. No patient encountered clinical or echocardiographic features of constriction during follow-up. Only one serious complication was described. Despite the lack of definitive evidence, potential benefits of fibrinolysis as a less invasive alternative to surgery in the management of PP seem promising. Early consideration should be given to fibrinolysis in order to prevent both constrictive and persistent PP. Nevertheless, in case of failure of fibrinolysis, pericardiectomy remains the primary option for complete eradication of infection.
ChemInform Abstract: DARSTELLUNG, EIGENSCHAFTEN UND REAKTIONEN VON DIMETHYL‐PHENYL‐ UND METHYL‐DIPHENYL‐METHYLENPHOSPHORAN (1974)

Abstract Das Phosphin (I) reagiert mit der Si‐Verbindung (II) über die isolierbaren Zwischenstufen (III) und (IV) zu dem Phosphoran (V).
Avotermin: A Novel Antiscarring Agent (2008)

Published literature shows that both physicians and their patients are highly concerned about scarring, even relatively minor scars and those that can be concealed by clothing. Furthermore, both patients and their physicians value any opportunities to improve or minimize scarring. While a range of treatment paradigms have been evaluated, no single therapy has been adopted as a universally accepted standard of care and, currently, there are no marketed pharmaceuticals for the prophylactic reduction of scarring. Many of the available treatments are used empirically and most have not been evaluated in robust prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trials. To address this unmet medical need, translational research into the molecular mechanisms of scarring has led to the discovery and commercial development of a new class of prophylactic medicines that promote the regeneration of normal skin and improve scar appearance. Avotermin, the first agent identified in this class, is the clinical application of human recombinant transforming growth factor beta3 (TGFbeta3), a key protein involved in scar-free healing observed in embryos. Controlled, double-blind, randomized phase I/II clinical studies have shown that avotermin, administered as an intradermal injection at the time of surgery, leads to both short-term and longer-term (at >or=12 months) improvements in the appearance of scars compared with placebo and standard wound care.
Soluble ST2 protein in cardiac surgery: a possible negative feedback loop to prevent uncontrolled inflammatory reactions. (2005)

In conclusion, our results demonstrate that sST2 and IL-10, markers of TH2 cytokine producing cells, are increased in CABG operation, irrespective of the procedure selected, and settles a longstanding controversy concerning the shift from Th1 to Th2 cells.
BIOSYNTHESIS OF ALDOSTERONE FROM 18-HYDROXYLATED PRECURSORS BY RAT ADRENAL TISSUE IN VITRO (1977)

Rat adrenal capsules incubated with [ 3 H]18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone (18-OH-DOC) and [ 3 H]18-hydroxycorticosterone gave appreciable yields of aldosterone from both precursors, similar in size to those obtained from labelled corticosterone, deoxycorticosterone and progesterone under the same conditions. After feeding rats for 14 days on a flour diet deficient in sodium, aldosterone production from endogenous precursors in vitro was increased twofold compared with that by adrenal glands from animals receiving the flour diet with 1% sodium chloride added (control diet). When adrenal capsules from animals on the low-sodium flour diet were incubated with high specific activity [ 3 H]18-OH-DOC (sp. act. 40 Ci/mmol), the yield of [ 3 H]aldosterone was increased two- to threefold compared with that produced by capsules from animals on the control diet. When capsules were incubated with low specific activity [ 3 H] 18-OH-DOC and [ 14 C]corticosterone (sp. act. 52 mCi/mmol) only the yield of [ 14 C]aldosterone was increased. Yields of labelled 18-hydroxycorticosterone from all precursors tested were increased three- to fourfold in animals receiving the low-sodium diet relative to the controls. The results show that 18-OH-DOC can be an effective precursor for aldosterone formation by rat adrenal capsules, and that production of aldosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone from this precursor can be stimulated by a low-sodium diet. This suggests the existence of an alternative pathway for aldosterone biosynthesis involving 18-OH-DOC as an intermediate.
Phase and Microphase Separation of Polymer Thin Films Dewetted from Silicon—A Spin–Echo Resolved Grazing Incidence Neutron Scattering Study (2011)

An understanding of the structure of ultrathin polymer films on solid substrates has scientific importance in applications as well as in fundamental studies of polymer diffusion or adsorption. We present studies of the organization of dewetted droplets of polymers on a silicon surface using a new neutron scattering technique, spin-echo resolved grazing incidence scattering (SERGIS), that has the potential to address at the same time the droplet-droplet correlations and the chemical configuration inside each droplet. For the seminal experiments, the polarized neutron reflectometer EVA at the Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France, was equipped with a spin-echo setup, and measurements were taken on surface structures previously characterized by different techniques. The dewetted polymers used in our studies were pure polystyrene, a mixture of polystyrene and polyparamethylstyrene, and a diblock copolymer of the two homopolymers. Even with a provisional setup SERGIS, we were able to determine the correlation between the droplets, providing results in excellent agreement with those obtained by atomic force microscopy and grazing incidence small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering. In addition, it was confirmed that the correlation function for diblock copolymer droplets is more complex than for polymer mixtures, exhibiting partial ordering of the copolymer within each droplet.
Expression and Activity of the CDK Inhibitor p57Kip2 in Chondrocytes Undergoing Hypertrophic Differentiation (2004)

During in vitro hypertrophic differentiation, levels of p57 mRNA and protein were constant despite changes in chondrocyte proliferative activity and the induction of hypertrophic-specific genes in response to bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2. Adenoviral p57 overexpression induced growth arrest in prehypertrophic epiphyseal chondrocytes in a dose-dependent manner but was not sufficient for the induction of collagen type X, either alone or when coexpressed with the related CDKI p21Cip1. Similar results were obtained with more mature tibial growth plate chondrocytes. p57 overexpression did augment collagen type X induction by BMP-2. These data indicate that p57-mediated growth arrest is not sufficient for expression of the hypertrophic phenotype, but rather it occurs in parallel with other aspects of the differentiation pathway. Our findings also suggest a contributing role for p57 in the regulation of collagen type X expression in differentiating chondrocytes.
The effects of tegaserod (HTF 919) on oesophageal acid exposure in gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (2000)

Tegaserod in a dose of 1 mg/day causes a significant decrease in postprandial oesophageal acid exposure. The reduction in oesophageal acid exposure with tegaserod treatment may result from enhanced oesophageal acid clearance, improved gastric emptying, and/or reduced transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations.
A Novel Photonic Microwave Filter With Infinite Impulse Response (2007)

A novel design of a photonic microwave filter with infinite impulse response is presented and demonstrated experimentally, ft overcomes the problems due to optical coherence. The design exhibits substantial flexibility, permitting easy and continuous tunability of the free spectral range. In particular, when a Mach-Zehnder modulator is used in the filter, the passband of the filter response can be changed to stopband and vice versa. The design also provides scope for cascading more stages. Theoretical analysis and measured results are presented, showing a very good match between them.
The Effect of Distribution of Increased Cardiac Output on the Pulmonary Exchange of Halothane, Nitrous Oxide, and Methoxyflurane (1973)

EGER, E. I. II, M.D.; BAHLMAN, S. H. M.D.; HALSEY, M. J. Ph.D.; Sawyer, D. C. D.V.M., Ph.D. Author Information
EQUILIBRIUM OF A SINGULAR-STRESS SURFACE APPEARING IN A FIBRE-REINFORCED MATERIAL (1985)

General equilibrium conditions of a singular-stress surface appearing in a compressible material with internal kinematical constraints of inextensibility in the preferred direction are established for finite deformations as well as for incremental deformations by borrowing the equilibrium equations from the membrane theory of shells. Plane-deformation versions of those conditions are also obtained. To demonstrate some utility of the conditions, we applied them to a simple bifurcation problem, that is, an axisymmetric buckling of an axially fibre-reinforced circular hollow cylinder under axial compression.
Production Testing of Rf and System-On-A-Chip Devices for Wireless Communications (Artech House Microwave Library) (2004)

The study comprised the assessment of the effects of secondary amenorrhea on bone tissue metabolism and bone mineral density in girls after forced weight reduction. The study concentrated on assessing and analysing the levels of selected markers of bone tissue remodelling and bone mineral density.
Macrophage Transcriptional Profile Identifies Lipid Catabolic Pathways That Can Be Therapeutically Targeted after Spinal Cord Injury (2017)

Although infiltrating macrophages influence many pathological processes after spinal cord injury (SCI), the intrinsic molecular mechanisms that regulate their function are poorly understood. A major hurdle has been dissecting macrophage-specific functions from those in other cell types as well as understanding how their functions change over time. Therefore, we used the RiboTag method to obtain macrophage-specific mRNA directly from the injured spinal cord in mice and performed RNA sequencing to investigate their transcriptional profile. Our data show that at 7 d after SCI, macrophages are best described as foam cells, with lipid catabolism representing the main biological process, and canonical nuclear receptor pathways as their potential mediators. Genetic deletion of a lipoprotein receptor, CD36, reduces macrophage lipid content and improves lesion size and locomotor recovery. Therefore, we report the first macrophage-specific transcriptional profile after SCI and highlight the lipid catabolic pathway as an important macrophage function that can be therapeutically targeted after SCI.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> The intrinsic molecular mechanisms that regulate macrophage function after spinal cord injury (SCI) are poorly understood. We obtained macrophage-specific mRNA directly from the injured spinal cord and performed RNA sequencing to investigate their transcriptional profile. Our data show that at 7 d after SCI, macrophages are best described as foam cells, with lipid catabolism representing the main biological process and canonical nuclear receptor pathways as their potential mediators. Genetic deletion of a lipoprotein receptor, CD36, reduces macrophage lipid content and improves lesion size and locomotor recovery. Therefore, we report the first macrophage-specific transcriptional profile after SCI and highlight the lipid catabolic pathway as an important macrophage function that can be therapeutically targeted after SCI.
Liver transplantation, 1980, with particular reference to cyclosporin-A. (1981)

The field of liver transplantation, which had reached a state of tantalizing but incompletely fulfilled promise, has been revitalized by experience with the new immunosuppressive drug, cyclosporin-A. For optimal value, cyclosporin-A in both kidney and liver recipients has required steroid therapy, but the amounts of prednisone have been a small fraction of those used in the past. It seems to us that the cyclosporin-A–prednisone combination should permit a new chapter to be opened in transplantation.
Fluorescence Boost in Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Architectures (2008)

Polyelectrolyte multilayer coated colloids were fabricated by means of layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) in alternating order. The top layer consisted of PAH fluorescently labeled with one of the following dyes: succinimidyl 6-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4yl)amino) hexanoate, fluorescein isothiocyanate, or rhodamine B isothiocyanate. For all three PAH−dye conjugates, a manifold increase in fluorescence intensity was observed upon adsorption of a PSS layer on top of the labeled PAH layer. The degree of fluorescence increase varied for each of the fluorescent dyes and depended on the polyelectrolyte concentration, revealing the existence of different modes of adsorption of the incoming polyelectrolyte molecules. Dequenching as well as changes in the local environment following polyelectrolyte adsorption were identified as the possible causes for the fluorescence enhancement. These findings prove that the top layer has a distinct physicochemical quality that makes it intrinsically responsive toward polyelectrolyte interactions, opening the way for the design of new sensing devices.
Towards a cryogen-free table-top primary resistance standard (2016)

We demonstrate quantum Hall resistance measurements with metrological accuracy in a small cryogen-free system operating at a temperature of around 3.8 K and magnetic fields below 5 T. We use this system to investigate the optimisation of graphene/SiC devices for maximum breakdown current. In addition we report the first characterisation of a cryogen-free cryogenic current comparator which enables entirely cryogen-free primary resistance metrology.
In vitro model systems permitting the analysis of the differentiation of mammalian progenitor cells either into neurons or into glial cells. (1987)

The peripheral nervous system, including both neurons and Schwann cells, is derived almost entirely from the neural crest. We described here the use of the migratory properties of mouse neural crest cells and chemically defined conditions to differentiate them in vitro into neuronal derivatives.
Mathematical Model of Serine Protease Inhibition in the Tissue Factor Pathway to Thrombin (1995)

A mathematical model has been developed to simulate the generation of thrombin by the tissue factor pathway. The model gives reasonable predictions of published experimental results without the adjustment of any parameter values. The model also accounts explicitly for the effects of serine protease inhibitors on thrombin generation. Simulations to define the optimum affinity profile of an inhibitor in this system indicate that for an inhibitor simultaneously potent against VIIa, IXa, and Xa, inhibition of thrombin generation decreases dramatically as the affinity for thrombin increases. Additional simulations show that the reason for this behavior is the sequestration of the inhibitor by small amounts of thrombin generated early in the reaction. This model is also useful for predicting the potency of compounds that inhibit thrombosis in rats. We believe that this is the first mathematical model of blood coagulation that considers the effects of exogenous inhibitors. Such a model, or extensions thereof, should be useful for evaluating targets for therapeutic intervention in the processes of blood coagulation.
Microwave Optical Link In The Frequency Range Of 10-18 Gigahertz By Direct Modulation Of Injection Laser Diode (1985)

It is demonstrated that an ultra-high speed window buried heterostructure GaAlAs laser fabricated on semi-insulating substrate can be used as narrow band signal transmitters in the Ku-band frequency range (12-20GHz). The modulation efficiency can be increased over a limited bandwidth by a weak optical feedback. A stronger optical feedback enables one to actively mode-lock the laser diode at a very high repetition rate up to 17.5GHz, producing pulses of = 12ps long.
A Histomorphometric Comparison of the Effects of Heparin and Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin on Cancellous Bone in Rats (1997)

Long-term heparin treatment causes osteoporosis through, an as yet, undefined mechanism. To investigate this phenomenon and to determine the relative benefits of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) use, we treated rats with once daily subcutaneous injections of either unfractionated heparin (1.0 U/g or 0.5 U/g), the LMWH, Tinzaparin (1.0 U/g or 0.5 U/g), or placebo (saline) for a period of 32 days. The effects on bone were then compared both histomorphometrically and biochemically by measuring urinary type I collagen cross-linked pyridinoline (PYD) and serum alkaline phosphatase, markers of bone resorption and formation, respectively. Histomorphometric analysis of the distal third of the right femur, in the region proximal to the epiphyseal growth plate, demonstrated that both heparin and LMWH decrease cancellous bone volume in a dose-dependent fashion, but that heparin causes significantly more cancellous bone loss than does LMWH. Although both heparin and LMWH decrease osteoblast and osteoid surface to a similar extent, only heparin increases osteoclast surface. In support of these histomorphometric findings, biochemical markers of bone turnover demonstrated that both heparin and LMWH treatment produce a dose-dependent decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase, consistent with reduced bone formation, whereas only heparin causes a transient increase in urinary PYD, consistent with an increase in bone resorption. Based on these observations, we conclude that heparin decreases cancellous bone volume both by decreasing the rate of bone formation and increasing the rate of bone resorption. In contrast, LMWH, causes less osteopenia than heparin because it only decreases the rate of bone formation.
Metastatic Malignant Melanoma to the Bladder: A Case Series (2012)

Resection may improve survival in the setting of a solitary metastasis, but there is no evidence that radical cystectomy offers any benefit over local resection. With diffuse disease, however, resection is likely only beneficial for treatment of hematuria.