gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fundamental unit system and class number for real number fields of type (2,2,2) (2000)

Let $k={\bf Q} (\sqrt{(D^2+md)(D^2+nd)(D^2+rd)})$ , this paper proves firstly that the fundamental unit of k is $\epsilon = (\sqrt{(D^2+md)(D^2+nd)}+ \sqrt{D^2(D^2+rd)})^2/(\vert mn\vert D^2)$ , where D, d, m, n, and r are rational integers satisfying certain conditions. Consequently, we describe the fundamental unit system of $k={\bf Q} (\sqrt{D^2+md}, \sqrt{D^2+nd}, \sqrt{D^2+rd})$ explicitly by the fundamental unit of all the quadratic subfields and the class number h K explicitly by the class numbers of all the quadratic subfields. We also provide the fundamental unit system of some fields of (2, 2)-type.
Reaction Kinetics and Reactor Design (2000)

This text combines a description of the origin and use of fundamental chemical kinetics through an assessment of realistic reactor problems with an expanded discussion of kinetics and its relation to chemical thermodynamics. It provides exercises, open-ended situations drawing on creative thinking, and worked-out examples. A solutions manual is als
폴리이소프로필아크릴아마이드와 폴리에틸렌글리콜계 폴리우레탄으로 구성된 Semi - IPN 수화겔의 제조와 팽윤거동 (1999)

Poly (ethylene glycol)-based urethane PEG-PU) was introduced as a rubbery material to enhance mechanical properties of thermo-responsive cross-linked poly (N-isoproylacrylamide) (PNiPAAm) hydrogel by IPN formation technique. Semi-IPN hydrogels were synthesized with the ratio of PNiPAAm to PEG-PU (100/0, 95/5, 90/10, and 80/20). The various swelling or/and-deswelling behaviors were examined as a function of temperature. The volume phase transition temperatures (T_P) of semi-IPN hydrogels were little affected by the incorporation of PEG-PU chains in IPN structures. This observation indicates that each network in the swollen IPNs exists independently. The faster swelling-deswelling kinetics of semi-IPN hydrogels was observed via introduction of PEG-PU in IPNs in contrast to the pure PNiPAAm gel. These results were interpreted as a formation of water release channels within the skin layer by the hydrophilic PEG-PU chain.
Immunotherapy — State of the Art (1985)

Immunotherapy for hay fever due to ragweed, grass, birch, and mountain cedar pollens and for asthma due to ragweed, grass, house dust mite, and cat dander allergens relieves symptoms in controlled studies. Clinical improvement is specific for the allergen employed, depends on the dose administered, and may relapse six months to a year after injections are stopped. Immunological changes include a rise in IgG antibodies, an early rise and later decline in IgE antibodies, sometimes a rise in secretional antibodies, reduced basophil reactivity and sensitivity, and reduced lymphocyte responsiveness to allergens.
Filtering the cardiopulmonary resuscitation artifact: Influence of the signal-to-noise-ratio on the accuracy of the shock advice algorithm (2010)

A reliable diagnosis by automated external defibrillators (AED) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) would reduce hands-off time, thus increasing the resuscitation success. Several filtering techniques have been proposed to remove the artifact induced on the ECG by chest compressions. The improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) has been widely used to test the performance of the filter, using artificial mixtures of ECG signals and CPR artifacts. In this work, we analyzed the influence of the SNR, estimated from corrupted out-of-hospital cardiac arrest episodes, on the AED diagnostic accuracy before and after artifact removal. Filtering improved the sensitivity for records with low SNR, however the specificity was largely independent of the SNR. Moreover, the total specificity decreased after filtering due to misclassified asystole records.
Offline Transferable E-Cash Mechanism (2018)

E-commerce has developed rapidly in recent years and online transactions and digital services have become popular. However, existing trading systems such as ATMs, credit cards, Paypal, and prepaid systems are potentially unsecure and users' privacy is not sufficiently protected. To thus expand the applicability of e-cash systems, alternatives have become the goal of subsequent studies (e.g., offline transactions, transferability, and divisible e-cash). This study proposed an e-cash system with multiple denominations that enables e-merchants to give customers change when in an offline environment. The proposed system results in convenient transactions regardless of transaction amount and reduces the amount of e-cash users need to deposit in advance.
Digital Predistortion Using Adaptive Basis Functions (2013)

This paper is concerned with digital predistortion (DPD) for linearization of radio frequency (RF) high power amplifiers (PAs). We propose an adaptive scheme for selecting basis functions for both direct and indirect learning digital predistortion architectures. The adaptive scheme has the advantage of reducing the complexity and, at the same time, increasing the stability of digital predistortion. Simulation and lab experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of using adaptive basis functions in a hardware platform with a solid state high power amplifier.
Every microsecond counts (2009)

Many network applications have stringent end-to-end latency requirements, including VoIP and interactive video conferencing, automated trading, and high-performance computing---where even microsecond variations may be intolerable. The resulting fine-grain measurement demands cannot be met effectively by existing technologies, such as SNMP, NetFlow, or active probing. We propose instrumenting routers with a hash-based primitive that we call a Lossy Difference Aggregator (LDA) to measure latencies down to tens of microseconds and losses as infrequent as one in a million. Such measurement can be viewed abstractly as what we refer to as a coordinated streaming problem, which is fundamentally harder than standard streaming problems due to the need to coordinate values between nodes. We describe a compact data structure that efficiently computes the average and standard deviation of latency and loss rate in a coordinated streaming environment. Our theoretical results translate to an efficient hardware implementation at 40 Gbps using less than 1% of a typical 65-nm 400-MHz networking ASIC. When compared to Poisson-spaced active probing with similar overheads, our LDA mechanism delivers orders of magnitude smaller relative error; active probing requires 50--60 times as much bandwidth to deliver similar levels of accuracy.
Minimax filter: learning to preserve privacy from inference attacks (2017)

Preserving privacy of continuous and/or high-dimensional data such as images, videos and audios, can be challenging with syntactic anonymization methods which are designed for discrete attributes. Differentially privacy, which uses a more rigorous definition of privacy loss, has shown more success in sanitizing continuous data. However, both syntactic and differential privacy are susceptible to inference attacks, i.e., an adversary can accurately infer sensitive attributes from sanitized data. The paper proposes a novel filter-based mechanism which preserves privacy of continuous and high-dimensional attributes against inference attacks. Finding the optimal utility-privacy tradeoff is formulated as a min-diff-max optimization problem. The paper provides an ERM-like analysis of the generalization error and also a practical algorithm to perform minimax optimization. In addition, the paper proposes a noisy minimax filter which combines minimax filter and differentially-private mechanism. Advantages of the method over purely noisy mechanisms is explained and demonstrated with examples. Experiments with several real-world tasks including facial expression classification, speech emotion classification, and activity classification from motion, show that the minimax filter can simultaneously achieve similar or higher target task accuracy and lower inference accuracy, often significantly lower than previous methods.
Flow properties of water-based drilling fluids (2013)

The objective of this master thesis was to investigate the flow properties of water based drilling fluids, utilizing measurements in both the micro and macro scale. The research was performed on two realistic drilling fluids by the use of a viscometer, a rheometer and a realistic flow loop, where the latter represents the macro scale. The research outcome could possibly improve the understanding of flow behavior in wellbores, and remove uncertainties associated with annular friction. The two fluids utilized in the research was made up with the goal of having equal rheological qualities, when measured with a Fann 35 viscometer. A more thorough examination of the two fluid's rheology was then executed by using a Anton Paar MCR302 rheometer. The macroscopic properties was researched employing a flow loop, capable of simulating realistic wellbore conditions.The main outcome of this thesis is that even though two fluids appear to have the same rheoligical properties when measured on simple equipment, their fundamental different microscopic structure will exhibit variations when the fluids are utilized in real applications.Due to problems encountered when mixing the fluids, as well as problems with one of the fluids itself, not all intended experiments were conducted. The experiments should be replicated with an emphasis on temperature control, avoiding bubbles and foam, and be conducted within a shorter time period.
Geo-spatial Tactical Decision Aid systems: fuzzy logic for supporting decision making (2006)

Tactical decision aid systems support the military or civilian operation planning process providing the decisional authorities with a simplified view of the environmental conditions over a theatre of operations. Methods for multi-source data fusion and support for disseminating and managing geospatial data are key factors for a successful system implementation. This paper describes a tactical decision aid system based on fuzzy logic reasoning for data fusion and on current open geospatial consortium specifications for interoperability, data dissemination and geo-spatial services support. Results from system implementation tests during live exercises are reported and discussed showing the flexibility and reliability of the proposed architecture. Future directions are provided and discussed as well, including web processing services, context fuzzy reasoning and group decision making
INTEGRATING STRATEGIES FOR CLUSTERS OF BUSINESSES (1983)

U.S. corporations have been paying attention to strategic planning at the line‐of‐business level. However, something more is needed. According to the authors, strategic planning for clusters of businesses is the missing and vital ingredient for success in the future.
Primed in situ labeling (PRINS): a method for rapid identification and quantification of human chromosomes in both lymphocytes and sperm nuclei (1998)

In this work, a specific primer for X alphoid satellite DNA was used to detect chromosome X through primed in situ labeling (PRINS). The method allows the rapid identification of chromosome X in metaphase and its quantification in interphase. PRINS is equally applicable to both lymphocytes and sperm nuclei.
Pharmaceutical applications of biocompatible polymer blends containing sodium alginate (2012)

Abstract Biocompatible polymer blends, such as alginate blends, have a widespread use in pharmaceutical and medical applications due to their specific features, such as biodegradation, adhesiveness, and thermo‐ and pH sensitivity and that can be obtained from the mixture composition. In this work, the use of alginate blends was tested in a novel production methodology of therapeutic dosage forms based on polymeric chain reticulation phenomena induced by exposure to bivalent ions. Two kinds of sodium alginate were used to obtain gel films (structured films) in blends with Pluronic F127®. The blends were considered for applications in gel paving of drug‐eluting stents. Sodium alginate was also used in shell–core particle production (structured particles) to obtain shell‐barrier reducing drug release in the preparative steps (see wash operations). Both structures, films and particles, were obtained using Cu 2+ and Ca 2+ ions, respectively. Film/shell barrier properties were tested in dissolution experiments using vitamin B12 as an active molecule model. Experimental work demonstrated that the alginate composition is a crucial point in defining reticulated structures. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 31: 219–230, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com . DOI 10.1002/adv.21276
New Antenna Array Architectures for Satellite Communications (2011)

This chapter is organized with the following sections.Section 2, introduces the relationship between applications and antenna design architectures.Section 3, introduces the new antenna array architectures for satellite communication including motivation and explains experimental examples.Section 4, explains adaptive antenna array and receiver architectures for adaptive antennas systems considering the beamforming with synchronization algorithms.Finally, Section 5 explains the A3TB concept.
The origin of biexponential T2 relaxation in muscle water (1993)

Abstract Two theories have been proposed to explain the multiexponential transverse relaxation of muscle water protons: “anatomical” and “chemical” compartmentation. In an attempt to obtain evidence to support one or the other of these two theories, interstitial and intracellular macromolecular preparations were studied and compared with rat muscle tissue by proton NMR transverse relaxation (T2) measurements. All macromolecule preparations displayed monoexponential T2 decay. Membrane alteration with DMSO/glycerin did not eliminate the biexponential T2 decay of muscle tissue. Maceration converted biexponential T2 decay of muscle tissue to single exponential decay. It is concluded that the observed two component exponential T2 decay of muscle represents anatomical compartmentation of tissue water, probably intracellular versus extracellular.
EXTRACTION OF GINSENOSIDES FROM NORTH AMERICAN GINSENG USING SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS (Spine Title: Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Ginsenosides from Ginseng) (Thesis Format: Monograph) (2005)

The objective of this research was to study the effect on several process variables for the supercritical fluid extraction of ginsenosides from the root of North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) using supercritical carbon dioxide with various organic modifiers. Ginsenosides are a class of triterpene saponins which have various medicinal properties, including adaptogenic and aphrodisiac properties. The variables studied were pressure, temperature, modifier percentage and type, extraction time and extraction method (static or dynamic). The modifiers studied were methanol, dimethylsulfoxide and a 9:1 vol/vol mixture of aqueous ethanol and acetic acid. Supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide is an emerging research field for natural product extractions, due to its reduction in organic solvent volume, decreased extraction time, and potential selectivity in extraction and fractionation of components. The goal was to determine if conditions existed which could approach conventional solvent extraction techniques for total ginsenoside content, as well as to gain an understanding of what the primary variables governing the extraction process were. Experimental results show that SFE with carbon dioxide + modifiers can approach that of conventional solvent extraction techniques with reduced time and solvent volume and that the process is primarily desorption/mass transfer limited. The supercritical fluid technique was also able to extract ginsenosides not typically obtained in conventional extraction techniques.
A Compact Multi-band mm-Wave Franklin Array With Frequency Scanning Capability (2019)

The following paper proposes a novel multiband series-fed microstrip array based on Franklin's theory of collinear arrays (CoA). Conventional dipole elements have been replaced by rectangular patch elements (W / L > 1) to increase the gain with a lower number of radiating elements. C-shaped Coupled line sections are used as delay line structures to compensate the phase differences among the radiating elements while eliminating the undesired radiation of conventional λ /2 delay line structures. The proposed delay line structures are also shortened compared to conventional transmission line feed networks. Radiating patches have been loaded with U slots for multi banding and decreasing the physical size of each patch to less than λg /4. The ground plane is patterned for optimized matching. Results indicate a frequency beam scanning capability in range of 21rv26 GHz, which makes it suitable for various mmwave applications, including drone detection radars. Radiation is broadside at 26 GHz, and the simulated gain is 10.2 dB at the same frequency. Simulation results have been processed by CST software and multiple computational methods is done to prove the validity of Franklin CoA theory on the proposed work.
Computer-Controlled Synthesis of Tomograms by Means of a TV Storage Tube (1974)

An improved electronic system for synthesizing tomograms is described. All functions are controlled by a minicomputer. The addition of TV images is performed by a video storate tube. Resolution values of the individual components as well as of the total system are given.
Scripted documents (2000)

Software used to be written as source code, which was then compiled and linked into a single machine-specific application program. With scripting languages, editable scripts are now executable without intermediate steps, but the dependency on lots of script files complicates robust deployment. A range of wrapping schemes are in use today to package scripts and extensions into a single file. The Scripted Document approach presented here goes further by offering a database-centric solution for packaging, installation, configuration, upgrades, as well as all application-specific data. An implementation for Tcl is described -- using MetaKit as embedded database -- with a summary of the experiences gathered so far.
Pharmacological Evidence that Serotonergic Stimulation of Prolactin Secretion is Mediated via the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus (1982)

Administration of the serotonin-releasing drug DL-p-chloroamphetamine (PCA) to rats caused a dose-dependent increase in plasma prolactin levels. The effect was maximal 2 h after administration. The effect of PCA was prevented by prior administration of the serotonin synthesis inhibitor p-chlorophenylalanine-methyl ester (PCPA). PCPA pretreatment did not prevent the increase in plasma prolactin levels after administration of the serotonin agonist quipazine which is consistent with a postsynaptic receptor interaction of quipazine. To determine which serotonergic neurons are involved, the prolactin responses to PCA were determined in rats sustaining lesions of the dorsal or median raphe nuclei. The lesions were produced in desmethylimipramine-pretreated rats by local injections of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) 2 weeks prior to the PCA challenge. In rats with dorsal raphe lesions, the effect of PCA on prolactin secretion was significantly attenuated. In contrast, median raphe lesions did not prevent the effect of PCA on plasma prolactin levels. In summary, these data support the hypothesis that release of serotonin increases prolactin secretion. In addition, these data suggest that serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus are part of a neural pathway which can mediate increases in prolactin secretion.
Growing Fern Gametophytes for Laboratory Use (1966)

The life cycle of a fern is often studied in biology laboratories to illustrate the intermediate form between the dominant gametophyte of the bryophytes and the free-living sporophyte of seed plants. The availability of the gametophyte stage of ferns is often limited, making it necessary to produce fern prothallia by some artificial method.
RESEARCH ON CAR REVERSING RADAR SYSTEM BASED ON ULTRASONIC (2019)

Due to the increasing number of private cars in today's society, there are a lot of safety problems in car reversing. This paper proposes a research program of ultrasonic ranging car reversing radar system with higher accuracy and better warning effect. According to the principle of ultrasonic ranging, the AT89C51 single-chip microcomputer is selected as the core circuit, and the anti-interference error processing is adopted in the processing of the single-chip microcomputer to solve the multiple measurement, the transmission time interval and the dead zone measurement problem of the ultrasonic ranging. Car reversing radar system based on ultrasonic ranging adopt transmitting and receiving circuit, will determine the time difference in the single chip microcomputer. the results are sent to the digital display circuit and voice broadcast circuit. Finally, it is verified by experiments that after ultrasonic error measurement adopts error processing, under the complicated environmental conditions, the accuracy of ranging is higher, the number of false alarms is reduced, and the device has high reliability and practicability.
Genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease is concentrated in specific macrophage and microglial transcriptional networks (2018)

AD risk alleles plausibly operate in immune cells, including microglia, and are concentrated in specific transcriptional networks. Combined with primary genetic association results, the SPI1 and MEF2 transcriptional networks appear central to AD risk mechanisms. Investigation of transcription factors targeting AD risk SNP associated regulatory elements could provide powerful insights into the molecular processes affected by AD polygenic risk. More broadly, our findings support a model of polygenic disease risk that arises from variants located in specific transcriptional networks.
Intensity modulation under geometrical uncertainty: a deconvolution approach to robust fluence (2010)

A deconvolution algorithm has been developed to obtain robust fluence for external beam radiation treatment under geometrical uncertainties. Usually, the geometrical uncertainty is incorporated in the dose optimization process for inverse treatment planning to determine the additional intensity modulation of the beam to counter the geometrical uncertainty. Most of these approaches rely on dose convolution which is subject to the error caused by patient surface curvature and internal inhomogeneity. In this work, based on an 1D deconvolution algorithm developed by Ulmer and Kaissl, a fluence-deconvolution approach was developed to obtain robust fluence through the deconvolution of the nominal static one given by any treatment planning system. It incorporates the geometrical uncertainty outside the dose optimization procedure and therefore avoids the error of dose convolution. Robust fluences were calculated for a 4 x 4 cm flat field, a prostate IMRT and a head and neck IMRT plan in a commercial treatment planning system. The corresponding doses were simulated for 30 fractions with the random Gaussian distribution of the iso-centers showing good agreement with the nominal static doses. The feasibility of this deconvolution approach for clinical IMRT planning has been demonstrated. Because it is separated from the optimization procedure, this method is more flexible and easier to integrate into different existing treatment planning systems to obtain robust fluence.