gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Incorporating Protein-Protein Interactions Knowledge in Clustering Gene Expression Data (2008)

In this paper, a similarity measure between genes with protein-protein interactions is proposed. On the basis of it, the combined dissimilarity measure is defined. The combined distance measure is introduced into K-means method, which can be considered as an improved K-means method. The improved K-means method and other three clustering methods are evaluated by a real dataset. Performance of these methods is assessed by a prediction accuracy analysis through known gene annotations. Our results show that the improved K-means method outperforms other clustering methods. The performance of the improved K-means method is also tested by varying the tuning parameter of the combined dissimilarity measure. The results show that when the tuning parameter decreases, the performance increases. Finally, a framework of integration of various biological prior knowledge and gene expression data is proposed.
Statistical theory for incoherent light propagation in nonlinear media (2002)

A statistical approach based on the Wigner transform is proposed for the description of partially incoherent optical wave dynamics in nonlinear media. An evolution equation for the Wigner transform is derived from a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with arbitrary nonlinearity. It is shown that random phase fluctuations of an incoherent plane wave lead to a Landau-like damping effect, which can stabilize the modulational instability. In the limit of the geometrical optics approximation, incoherent, localized, and stationary wave fields are shown to exist for a wide class of nonlinear media.
Spinal Effects of Head-down Tilting (1988)

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two methods of inversion therapy and four common exercise positions on the shape of the low back. We studied 25 healthy subjects in six exercise positions: 1) inverted with lower limbs extended (ILLE), 2) standing, 3) supine, 4) inverted with lower limbs flexed (ILLF), 5) sitting, and 6) hooklying. A manual measurement system was used to determine low back contours (LBCs) from S2 upward for 19 cm at 1-cm intervals. Contour data were reduced to mean contour values (MCVs). Results showed that the standing and sitting positions produced the largest and smallest MCVs, respectively (p less than .01). The ILLF MCV was smaller (p less than .05) than both supine MCVs but not appreciably different from the ILLE MCV. The ILLE and ILLF positions significantly reduced (p less than .01) MCVs compared with the standing position. Neither position decreased the MCV as much as the sitting position. These results support the use of inversion therapy to reduce the depth of the LBC when sitting is inappropriate.
Ferritin: A Versatile Building Block for Bionanotechnology (2015)

S.1653-1701
Modeling aquifer systems with analytic elements and subdomains (2010)

A new approach for analytic element (AE) modeling of groundwater flow is presented. The approach divides the modeled region into polygonal subdomains, each with its own analytic flow model and its own local isotropic or anisotropic aquifer parameters. This allows analytic modeling of systems where the anisotropy ratio and direction vary spatially, an AE capability not possible without subdomains. It also allows for flexible layering in a model, with more layers in the area of interest abutting fewer layers in the far field. The approach is demonstrated in a model with seven subdomains and a mix of single‐layer and triple‐layer areas. Checks of the model indicate that the inter‐subdomain boundary conditions can be approximated well, and where the differential equation is approximated (multilayer areas and transient flow), that approximation can be quite accurate.
Hydrogen atom dislocation in the excited state of anthranilic acid: probing the carbonyl stretch fundamental and the effects of water complexation (2004)

This paper describes further efforts to understand the excited state hydrogen atom dislocation of anthranilic acid. Resonant ion-dip infrared spectroscopy was used to probe the carbonyl stretch fundamental in both the ground and excited states in an effort to observe the excited state behavior of the heavy atoms surrounding the displaced hydrogen. A small peak in the excited state infrared spectrum was tentatively assigned to the carbonyl stretch fundamental, shifted 80 cm−1 to the red of its position in the ground state, indicative of a significant weakening of the CO bond. CASSCF calculations on a prototypical system, 3-amino-2-propenoic acid, were carried out to aid interpretation of vibrational frequencies and intensities. The effects of water complexation on the excited state hydrogen atom dislocation were also investigated. The vibronic spectrum, acquired by resonant two-photon ionization, displayed similar features as the monomer spectrum, as well as a progression in a low frequency intermolecular vibration. The infrared spectrum of the water complex, supported by density functional theory calculations, established that the water binds between the carbonyl oxygen and the acid hydrogen. The NH stretch fundamentals of the water complex in the ground and excited state were quite similar to those of the monomer, indicating complexation to water has little effect on the hydrogen atom dislocation
Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of an Incessant Supraventricular Tachycardia Initiated by a Hisian Parasystole (1996)

The coexistence of a parasystolic focus, tachycardia dependent right bundle branch aberrancy, and an AV accessory pathway is reported here. This condition was present in a 40-year-old man, which led to an incessant AV reciprocating tachycardia. Further electrophysiological study revealed that the parasystolic focus was located somewhere in the His bundle; endocardial mapping disclosed a right posterior accessory pathway. Radiofrequency current was delivered at the atrial level of the right posterolateral AV groove and successfully ablated the accessory pathway, leading to a dramatic improvement in cardiac function. In conclusion, the recognition of the electrophysiological mechanism of incessant supraventricular tachycardia was of crucial importance for the therapy decision. A definitive intervention using radiofrequency catheter ablation should be considered early and not postponed in patients with tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy.
PML Contributes to a Cellular Mechanism of Repression of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection That Is Inactivated by ICP0 (2006)

Promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies (also known as ND10) are nuclear substructures that contain several proteins, including PML itself, Sp100, and hDaxx. PML has been implicated in many cellular processes, and ND10 are frequently associated with the replicating genomes of DNA viruses. During herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection, the viral regulatory protein ICP0 localizes to ND10 and induces the degradation of PML, thereby disrupting ND10 and dispersing their constituent proteins. ICP0-null mutant viruses are defective in PML degradation and ND10 disruption, and concomitantly they initiate productive infection very inefficiently. Although these data are consistent with a repressive role for PML and/or ND10 during HSV-1 infection, evidence in support of this hypothesis has been inconclusive. By use of short interfering RNA technology, we demonstrate that depletion of PML increases both gene expression and plaque formation by an ICP0-negative HSV-1 mutant, while having no effect on wild-type HSV-1. We conclude that PML contributes to a cellular antiviral repression mechanism that is countered by the activity of ICP0.
Parallel Programming with SystemC for Loosely Timed Models: A Non-Intrusive Approach (2013)

The SystemC/TLM technologies are widely accepted in the industry for fast system-level simulation. An important limitation of SystemC regarding performance is that the reference implementation is sequential, and the official semantics makes parallel executions difficult. As the number of cores in computers increase quickly, the ability to take advantage of the host parallelism during a simulation is becoming a major concern. Most existing work on parallelization of SystemC targets cycle-accurate simulation, and would be inefficient on loosely timed systems since they cannot run in parallel processes that do not execute simultaneously. We propose an approach that explicitly targets loosely timed systems, and offers the user a set of primitives to express tasks with duration, as opposed to the notion of time in SystemC which allows only instantaneous computations and time elapses without computation. Our tool exploits this notion of duration to run the simulation in parallel. It runs on top of any (unmodified) SystemC implementation, which lets legacy SystemC code continue running as-it-is. This allows the user to focus on the performance-critical parts of the program that need to be parallelized.
Digital protective relaying algorithms for double circuit lines protection (2003)

This paper presents digital relaying algorithms for double circuit lines protection using synchronized phasor measurement units. Most of the double-circuit lines in Taiwan are built in the same tower and they are generally untransposed. Therefore, this paper focuses on the design of relaying algorithms for untransposed double circuit fines. The basic principles are extended from those of a single-circuit line. The functions of the developed algorithms include fault detection, internal and external faults discrimination, and faulted-circuit identification. Both of two-terminal three voltages and six currents in the two protected circuits measured by PMUs are used in the algorithms. EMTP/ATP simulator is used to verify the performance of the proposed algorithms. Some typical responses of the algorithms are reported.
Nimble payment models (2010)

Kerry Weems, a finance and budget expert, formerly the chief of CMS, warns managed care of rate fights around every corner.
Primary Sjögren's Syndrome with Central Nervous System Disease Mimicking Multiple Sclerosis (1986)

Central nervous system involvement has occurred in approximately 20% of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome evaluated at our institution. Characteristically, the neurologic dysfunction is multifocal, involving both the brain and spinal cord, and is recurrent over time. We present the features of 20 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome and central nervous system involvement whose neurologic findings, evoked potential abnormalities, and cerebrospinal fluid profiles (elevated IgG indices, oligoclonal bands on agarose gel electrophoresis, and mild pleocytosis with reactive lymphoid cells) closely resembled those of multiple sclerosis. In fact, multiple sclerosis was considered the most likely diagnosis in each of these patients before diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome, and each patient met criteria for definite multiple sclerosis. The clinical effects of corticosteroid treatment during episodes of acute neurologic dysfunction appeared to be beneficial in these patients.
Gravity Venting of the Left Ventricle: A Useful Adjunct (1994)

Venting of the left ventricle helps in decompressing the heart and improves visibility during surgery. Venting may be performed by direct cannulation of the left ventricle or the pulmonary veins. It may also be performed indirectly from the aortic root or pulmonary artery. We describe a method of left ventricular venting, by gravity, using the venous return of the heart.
Preparation and electrochemical properties of re-synthesized LiCoO2 from spent lithium-ion batteries (2012)

A new idea for reuse of the cathode materials of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is investigated to develop an environmentally friendly process for recycling spent batteries. LiCoO2 is re-synthesized from spent LIBs by leaching and a sol-gel method calcined at high temperature. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) are employed to study the reactions occurring calcination that are responsible for the weight losses. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to determine the structures of the LiCoO2 powders. It was found that a pure phase of LiCoO2 can be obtained by the re-synthesis process. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are used to evaluate the electrochemical properties of the LiCoO2 powders. The discharge capacity of re-synthesized LiCoO2 is 137 mAh g−1 at the 0.1 C rate, and the capacity retention of the re-synthesized LiCoO2 is 97.98% after 20 cycles at the 0.1 C rate, and 88.14% after 40 cycles. The results indicate that the re-synthesized LiCoO2 displays good charge/discharge performance and cycling behavior.
Ontogeny of phenylethanolamine N‐methyltransferase‐ and tyrosine hydroxylase‐like immunoreactivity in presumptive adrenaline neurones of the foetal rat central nervous system (1985)

The appearance of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT)- and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-like immunoreactivity (LI) in the foetal rat central nervous system has been investigated. Antibodies raised against PNMT and TH were used in an indirect immunofluorescence method. Attention was focussed on areas containing putative adrenaline-containing nerve cell bodies or fibres and, using an elution-restaining technique, it was possible to analyze whether neurones contained PNMT-LI, TH-LI, or both. PNMT-immunoreactive neurones could first be visualized on day 13 of gestation, in the ventrolateral and dorsal medulla oblongata, and probably corresponding to those of the C1 and C2 groups. The number of positive cell bodies and the intensity of their fluorescent staining in these areas were not dissimilar at this stage to the number and intensity observed at 1 day postnatal, the final age studied. At day 16, PNMT-positive cells were observed for the first time in midline areas of the rostral dorsal medulla oblongata-caudal pons, associated with the medial longitudinal fasciculus. These cells probably composed the C3 cell group. Many PNMT-immunoreactive fibres could be seen at day 13 of gestation, in the medulla, and coursing both in an ascending bundle around the mesencephalic flexure and in a descending bundle toward the spinal cord. The extent of the bundles increased with gestational age, such that dense meshworks of PNMT-immunoreactive varicose fibres were visible ventral to the aqueductus Sylvii, and the periventricular and lateral regions of the hypothalamus by days 18 to 19, and in the paraventricular nucleus, the septum, and the thoracic spinal cord by day 1 after birth. A sparser fibre plexus was observed in the amygdala at day 1 postnatal. In contrast to the explosive appearance of PNMT-immunoreactive cells at day 13 of gestation, the development of TH-LI within these same neurones was much more protracted. Only rarely were TH-LI and PNMT-LI colocalized at day 13, and even at birth TH-LI could not be visualized in 5% of PNMT-immunoreactive cells in the ventrolateral medulla oblongata, and in 50% of those in the dorsal vagal complex. A similar tardy appearance of TH-LI in PNMT-immunoreactive fibres was observed also. It should be emphasized that strongly TH-immunoreactive neurones were found already at gestational day 10.5 in the medulla oblongata, caudal to the PNMT-immunoreactive cells. It is concluded that the expression of enzymes involved in the synthesis of adrenaline is not unitarily controlled, and may be partly dependent on other than epigenetic factors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Management of Kawasaki disease in adults (2017)

Kawasaki disease is the most common childhood vasculitis in the USA and the most common cause of acquired cardiac disease in children in developed countries. Since the vast majority of Kawasaki disease initially presents at <5 years of age, many adult cardiologists are unfamiliar with the pathophysiology of this disease. This vasculitis has a predilection for coronary arteries with a high complication rate across the lifespan for those with medium to large coronary artery aneurysms. An inflammatory cascade produces endothelial dysfunction and damage to the vascular wall, leading to aneurysmal dilatation. Later, pseudonormalisation of the vascular lumen occurs through vascular remodelling and layering thrombus, but this does not necessarily indicate resolution of disease or reduction of risk for future complications. There is a growing prevalence of Kawasaki disease, making it increasingly relevant for adult cardiologists as this population transitions into adulthood. As the 2017 American Heart Association (AHA) and 2014 Japanese Circulation Society (JCS) guidelines emphasise, Kawasaki disease requires rigorous follow-up with cardiac stress testing and non-invasive imaging to detect progressive stenosis, thrombosis and luminal occlusion that may lead to myocardial ischaemia and infarction. Due to differences in disease mechanisms, coronary disease due to Kawasaki disease should be managed with different pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment algorithms than atherosclerotic coronary disease. This review addresses gaps in the current knowledge of the disease and its optimal treatment, differences in the AHA and JCS guidelines, targets for future research and obstacles to transition of care from adolescence into adulthood.
A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of consensus interferon in the treatment of chinese patients with chronic hepatitis C (1999)

The results show that administration of CIFN subcutaneously at 9 microg 3 times a week is safe and can effectively reduce serum ALT and HCV RNA concentrations in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis C.
Rheology behavior of high‐density polyethylene/diluent blends and fabrication of hollow‐fiber membranes via thermally induced phase separation (2010)

Abstract The phase‐separation behavior of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE)/diluent blends was monitored with a torque variation method (TVM). The torque variation of the molten blends was recorded with a rheometer. It was verified that TVM is an efficient way to detect the thermal phase behavior of a polymer–diluent system. Subsequently, polyethylene hollow‐fiber membranes were fabricated from HDPE/dodecanol/soybean oil blends via thermally induced phase separation. Hollow‐fiber membranes with a dense outer surface of spherulites were observed. Furthermore, the effects of the spinning temperature, air‐gap distance, cold drawing, and HDPE content on the morphology and gas permeability of the resultant membranes were examined. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Mediating roles of customer emotion on the relationship between positive customer paticipation and customer satisfaction in microblog (2014)

The purpose of this paper is to investigate empirically how and to what extent customer emotion mediates the relationship between positive customer participation and customer satisfaction, compared with customer value prior research suggested. Data collected from 239 valid microblog user questionnaires were analyzed by structural equation modelling. Empirical results confirm that customer emotion mediates the relationship between positive customer participation and customer satisfaction. Moreover, the mediating role of customer emotion is more effective than that of customer value. Finally, the paper discusses managerial implications and directions for future research.
[Neurohumoral mechanisms in pathophysiology of chronic heart failure]. (2000)

Pathogenic mechanisms of chronic systolic heart failure are constantly of great interest. In recent years the neurohumoral theory of heart failure has gained attraction. According to this theory, neurohumoral mechanisms play the main role in the pathogenesis of heart failure, especially in its progression. These mechanisms can be divided into 2 categories: vasoconstrictive, mitogenic and antinatriuretic on the one hand and vasodilative, antimitogenic and natriuretic on the other one. The former consists of sympathetic nervous system, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, vasopressin, endothelin, cytokines. The latter comprises natriuretic peptides, prostaglandins and nitric oxide. Undoubtedly unfavourable roles of sympathetic system and renin-angiotensin-aldosteron have been shown in the progression of heart failure. Data are being also gathered confirming harmful effects of endothelin and cytokines and possibly of neuropeptide Y and vasopressine. Extensive data exist that demonstrate beneficial influence of natriuretic peptide on heart failure. The roles of nitric oxide as well as recently discovered adrenomedullin and medullipin are far from clear.
4×2.5 Gbit/s transmission of spectrum-sliced incoherent light channels using an all-optical bandwidth expansion technique (2002)

Using an all-optical bandwidth expansion technique, we demonstrate the transmission of 4/spl times/2.5 Gbit/s incoherent WDM channels over a 240 km dispersion-shifted fiber. The channel power of incoherent WDM channels can be increased much higher than that of coherent channels near the zero-dispersion wavelength region.
Recent extraction techniques for natural products: microwave‐assisted extraction and pressurised solvent extraction (2002)

In the last 10 years there has been an increased interest in using techniques involving microwave-assisted extraction and pressurised solvent extraction in analytical laboratories. This review gives a brief overview of both methods, and reports on their application to the extraction of natural products. The influence of parameters such as the nature of the solvent and volume, temperature, time and particle size of the matrix is discussed. Through numerous examples, it is demonstrated that both techniques allow reduced solvent consumption and shorter extraction times, while the extraction yields of the analytes are equivalent to or even higher than those obtained with conventional methods.
Optical homodyne PSK receiver: phase synchronization by maximizing baseband signal power (2003)

Optical homodyne receivers are very suitable for free-space laser communications, owing to their high sensitivity and frequency selectivity. Phase synchronization by maximizing baseband signal power is less complex than previously proposed strategies, while still offering the key advantages of a 180 degrees hybrid AC-coupled front-end.
Differences in spinal distribution and neurochemical phenotype of colonic afferents in mouse and rat (2005)

Visceral pain is a prevalent clinical problem and one of the most common ailments for which patients seek medical attention. Recent studies have described many of the physiological properties of visceral afferents, but not much is known regarding their anatomical characteristics. To determine the spinal distribution and neurochemical phenotype of colonic afferents in rodents, Alexa Fluor-conjugated cholera toxin-beta (CTB) was injected subserosally into the proximal and distal portions of the descending colon in Sprague Dawley rats and C57Bl/6 mice. Dorsal root ganglia (T10-S2) were processed for fluorescent immunohistochemistry and visualized by confocal microscopy. In the mouse, CTB-positive neurons were most numerous in the lumbosacral region (LS; L6-S1), with a smaller contribution in the thoracolumbar ganglia (TL; T13-L1). In contrast, CTB-positive neurons in the rat were most numerous in the TL ganglia, with a smaller contribution in the LS ganglia. The vast majority of CTB-positive neurons in both mouse and rat were positive for TRPV1 and CGRP and most likely unmyelinated, in that most colonic afferents were not positive for neurofilament heavy chain. In the mouse, the TL ganglia had a significantly higher percentage of TRPV1- and CGRP-positive neurons than did the LS ganglia, whereas no differences were observed in the rat. The high incidence of TRPV1-positive colonic afferents in rodents suggests that hypersensitivity from the viscera may be partially a TRPV1-mediated event, thereby providing a suitable target for the treatment of visceral pain.