gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detecting Corn Syrup in Barley Malt Extracts (2001)

ABSTRACT Methods for detecting corn syrup in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) malt extract were evaluated. Twelve samples representative of commercially available 2‐rowed and 6‐rowed malting barleys were malted. Extracts prepared from the finely ground malts were analyzed for 13 C/ 12 C ratios, expressed as δ 13 C, and concentrations of protein and sugars. The 13 C/ 12 C ratios were sufficiently different to distinguish corn syrup from malt extract. By calculating the mean values for the barleys, it was determined that a δ 13 C > ‐24.3‰ indicated that the malt extract had been adulterated with corn syrup (99% confidence). Protein concentrations <4.5% (2‐rowed malt) or <5.0% (6‐rowed malt) of the extracts also indicated probable adulteration with corn syrup, which is devoid of protein. Because of differences in sugar concentrations between the malt extracts and corn syrup, carbohydrate analysis also indicated probable mixtures. These findings were confirmed by analysis of extracts from composite 2‐rowed and 6‐rowed barley malts that had been mixed with known quantities of corn syrup. The regressions for δ 13 C, protein concentration, and most sugar concentrations against percent dilution with corn syrup in the mixtures were significant.
ISAAC: a symbolic simulator for analog integrated circuits (1989)

The symbolic simulator ISAAC (interactive symbolic analysis of analog circuits) is presented. The program derives all AC characteristics for any analog integrated circuit (time-continuous and switched-capacitor, CMOS, JFET, and bipolar) as symbolic expressions in the circuit parameters. This yields analytic formulas for transfer functions, CMRR (common-mode rejection ratio), PSRR (power-supply rejection ratio), impedances, noise, etc. Two novel features are included in the program. First, the expressions can be simplified with a heuristic criterion based on the magnitudes of the elements. This yields interpretable formulas showing only the dominant terms. Second, the explicit representation of mismatch terms allows the accurate calculation of second-order effects, such as the PSRR. ISAAC provides analog designers with more insight into the circuit behavior than do numerical simulators and is a useful tool for instruction or designer assistance. Moreover, it generates complete analytic AC circuit models, which are used for automatic sizing in a nonfixed topology analog module generator. The program's capabilities are illustrated with several examples. The efficiency is established by a dedicated sparse-matrix algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Marinobufagenin enhances cardiac contractility in mice with ouabain-sensitive α<sub>1</sub>Na<sup>+</sup>-K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase (2009)

Endogenous Na(+) pump inhibitors are thought to play important (patho)physiological roles and occur in two different chemical forms in the mammalian circulation: cardenolides, such as ouabain, and bufadienolides, such as marinobufagenin (MBG). Although all alpha Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase isoforms (alpha(1-4)) are sensitive to ouabain in most species, in rats and mice the ubiquitously expressed alpha(1) Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase is resistant to ouabain. We have previously shown that selective modification of the putative ouabain binding site of either the alpha(1) or alpha(2) Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase subunit in mice substantially alters the cardiotonic influence of exogenously applied cardenolides. To determine whether the ouabain binding site also interacts with MBG and if this interaction plays a functional role, we evaluated cardiovascular function in alpha(1)-resistant/alpha(2)-resistant (alpha(1)(R/R)alpha(2)(R/R)), alpha(1)-sensitive/alpha(2)-resistant (alpha(1)(S/S)alpha(2)(R/R)), and alpha(1)-resistant/alpha(2)-sensitive mice (alpha(1)(R/R)alpha(2)(S/S), wild type). Cardiovascular indexes were evaluated in vivo by cardiac catheterization at baseline and during graded infusions of MBG. There were no differences in baseline measurements of targeted mice, indicating normal hemodynamics and cardiac function. MBG at 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 nmol*min(-1)*g body wt(-1) significantly increased cardiac performance to a greater extent in alpha(1)(S/S)alpha(2)(R/R) compared with alpha(1)(R/R)alpha(2)(R/R) and wild-type mice. The increase in LVdP/dt(max) in alpha(1)(S/S)alpha(2)(R/R) mice was greater at higher concentrations of MBG compared with both alpha(1)(R/R)alpha(2)(R/R) and alpha(1)(R/R)alpha(2)(S/S) mice (P < 0.05). These results suggest that MBG interacts with the ouabain binding site of the alpha(1) Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase subunit and can thereby influence cardiac inotropy.
A Prospective Controlled Study of Limited Versus Subtotal Posterior Discectomy: Short-Term Outcomes in Patients With Herniated Lumbar Intervertebral Discs and Large Posterior Anular Defect (2006)

The more aggressive removal of remaining intervertebral disc material may decrease the risk of reherniation, but the overall outcome was less satisfactory, especially during the first year after surgery.
Estimation of vitamin a in margarine. III. Migration of lecithin from the oil to the aqueous phase and its effect on the spectrophotometric blank (1952)

Summary On the basis of light absorption measurements at 328 mμ, fluorometric tests, stability of oils to oxidative deterioration, and phosphorus analyses it has been shown that the oil separated from margarine contains no lecithin. Phosphorus analyses demonstrated that this migration of added lecithin from the oil to the aqueous phase occurs during the churning operation and prior to chilling the emulsion. For the spectrophotometric vitamin A assay of the fortified margarine oil prior to margarine manufacture, the control oils used to set the spectrophotometer at 100% transmission must contain the added lecithin. For the assay of the oil separated from the margarine the proper blank oil should contain no lecithin. Use of improper control oils would be responsible for estimates of vitamin A content which are either erroneously high or low by about 3.5%. Abusive handling (storage at elevated temperatures) of lecithinsupplemented oils and use of improper control oils can be responsible for differences as much as 10% between apparent and true vitamin A content.
Novel isoforms of murine intercellular adhesion molecule-1 generated by alternative RNA splicing. (1995)

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)-deficient mice, produced by homologous recombination and previously recognized to be devoid of the common form of ICAM-1, are shown to express residual amounts of ICAM-1 Ag in thymus and lung. We demonstrate that this expression of ICAM-1 is possible because the mutated exon 5 in these animals has been skipped by alternative splicing of RNA. Three different alternative isoforms of ICAM-1 are expressed in mutant mice. Moreover, two of these isoforms are expressed in wild-type mice together with two additional alternative isoforms that cannot be produced in mutant mice. All alternatively spliced isoforms of ICAM-1 detected are missing complete extracellular Ig domains. In both mutant and wild-type mice, expression of alternatively spliced isoforms is up-regulated following stimulation of animals with LPS. Furthermore, all alternative isoforms of ICAM-1, except one, retain the ability to bind to the well-recognized ICAM-1 counter-receptor LFA-1. These findings, along with the restricted tissue distribution in mutant mice, indicate that alternative isoforms of ICAM-1 are significant physiologic adhesion structures which could play a distinct role in the functioning of the immune system of intact animals.
Conduction Velocity in the Tricuspid Valve‐Inferior Vena Cava Isthmus is Slower in Patients With Type I Atrial Flutter Compared to Those Without a History of Atrial Flutter (1997)

Slow conduction in the TV-IVC isthmus may be mechanistically important for the development of human type I atrial flutter.
Low temperature ISSG oxidation and its application in SSRW for 20nm and below semiconductor devices (2013)

This paper investigates low temperature in situ steam generation (ISSG) oxidation, the correlation between the thickness growth rate and temperature, pressure, hydrogen flow and oxidation time. For low temperature ISSG oxidation, the within wafer uniformity is improved by increasing the temperature. An optimum pressure is revealed for all the possible hydrogen concentrations studied in this paper. However, the hydrogen flow itself exhibits a much more complicated relationship with the uniformity than that of temperature and pressure. Good uniformity is achieved through process optimization. It is found that the low temperature ISSG process exhibits a more robust within wafer uniformity than typical high temperature ISSG process due to the fact that the former one has better resistance to pressure and gas flow disturbance. One of the advantages that low temperature ISSG can enable SSRW application in 20nm semiconductor devices is also discussed in this paper.
Successful aging: insights from proteome analyses of healthy centenarians (2020)

Healthy aging depends on a complex gene-environment network that is ultimately reflected in the expression of different proteins. We aimed to perform a comparative analysis of the plasma proteome of healthy centenarians (n=9, 5 women, age range 100-103 years) with a notably preserved ambulatory capacity (as a paradigm of 'successful' aging), and control individuals who died from a major age-related disease before the expected life expectancy (n=9, 5 women, age range: 67-81 years), and while having impaired ambulatory capacity (as a paradigm of 'unsuccessful' aging). We found that the expression of 49 proteins and 86 pathways differed between the two groups. Overall, healthy centenarians presented with distinct expression of proteins/pathways that reflect a healthy immune function, including a lower pro-inflammatory status (less 'inflammaging' and autoimmunity) and a preserved humoral immune response (increased B cell-mediated immune response). Compared with controls, healthy centenarians also presented with a higher expression of proteins involved in angiogenesis and related to enhanced intercellular junctions, as well as a lower expression of proteins involved in cardiovascular abnormalities. The identification of these proteins/pathways might provide new insights into the biological mechanisms underlying the paradigm of healthy aging.
Stereochemistry of Kahalalide F (2003)

The stereochemistry of the amino acids in the marine-derived cyclic depsipeptide kahalalide F has been defined by a series of degradation reactions (hydrolysis, ozonolysis, Edman degradation, and Marfey derivatization), yielding smaller fragments of the marine natural product. The results from these reactions agree with the structure originally proposed by Hamann and Scheuer and with the same stereochemistry of most of the component amino acids more recently proposed by Goetz, Yoshida, and Scheuer. However, our assignments of d-Val(3) and l-Val(4) are the reverse of previous assignments made as l-Val(3) and d-Val(4). The present (reversed) stereochemistry is crucial for the antitumor activity of kahalalide F.
Effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer (2014)

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with mFOLFOX is a safe treatment for patients with localized AGC, and does not increase postoperative morbidity or mortality.
Decoupling behavior, perception, and control for autonomous learning of affordances (2013)

A novel behavior representation is introduced that permits a robot to systematically explore the best methods by which to successfully execute an affordance-based behavior for a particular object. The approach decomposes affordance-based behaviors into three components. We first define controllers that specify how to achieve a desired change in object state through changes in the agent's state. For each controller we develop at least one behavior primitive that determines how the controller outputs translate to specific movements of the agent. Additionally we provide multiple perceptual proxies that define the representation of the object that is to be computed as input to the controller during execution. A variety of proxies may be selected for a given controller and a given proxy may provide input for more than one controller. When developing an appropriate affordance-based behavior strategy for a given object, the robot can systematically vary these elements as well as note the impact of additional task variables such as location in the workspace. We demonstrate the approach using a PR2 robot that explores different combinations of controller, behavior primitive, and proxy to perform a push or pull positioning behavior on a selection of household objects, learning which methods best work for each object.
Stability Relationships Among the Rare Earth Dipicolinates (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStability Relationships Among the Rare Earth DipicolinatesIngmar GrentheCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 2, 360–364Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01463a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01463a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views658Altmetric-Citations135LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Chop Gene Contains an Element for the Positive Regulation of the Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response (2007)

We have previously reported on the discovery of a mitochondrial specific unfolded protein response (mtUPR) in mammalian cells, in which the accumulation of unfolded protein within the mitochondrial matrix results in the transcriptional activation of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial stress proteins such as chaperonin 60, chaperonin 10, mtDnaJ, and ClpP, but not those encoding stress proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or the cytosol. Analysis of the chaperonin 60/10 bidirectional promoter showed that the CHOP element was required for the mtUPR and that the transcription of the chop gene is activated by mtUPR. In order to investigate the role of CHOP in the mtUPR, we carried out a deletion analysis of the chop promoter. This revealed that the transcriptional activation of the chop gene by mtUPR is through an AP-1 (activator protein-1) element. This site lies alongside an ERSE element through which chop transcription is activated in response to the ER stress response (erUPR). Thus CHOP can be induced separately in response to 2 different stress response pathways. We also discuss the potential signal pathway between mitochondria and the nucleus for the mtUPR.
Overexpression of P-glycoprotein rat hepatocellular carcinomas induced with <i>N</i>-nitrosomorpholine (1990)

The most frequently reported alteration of multidrug resistance (MDR) is the overexpression of the 170 kd membrane glycoprotein. An increased expression of the MDR-gene in pre-neoplastic and neoplastic liver lesions produced experimentally by different carcinogens has been reported. As shown in rat liver by stop experiments, specific carcinogen-induced alterations can be separated from non-specific, toxic changes. Therefore, we induced rat hepatocellular carcinomas with N-nitrosomorpholine and investigated whether expression of the MDR-gene also takes place in hepatocellular carcinomas after withdrawal of the carcinogen. Using mAb C219 against P-glycoprotein, both normal liver and hepatocellular carcinomas show specific immunoreactivity by means of immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. In hepatocellular carcinomas, however, the reaction is increased if compared to normal liver of untreated control animals. These results were confirmed by immunoblotting. Using the cDNA probe 1.5, a significant increase in MDR-gene transcripts was found in hepatocellular carcinomas as compared to normal liver.
The Impact of Imperfect Channel Estimations on the Performance of Optimum Combining in Decode-and-Forward Relaying in the Presence of Co-Channel Interference (2013)

Optimum combining (OC) in cooperative relaying enables achieving a diversity gain of M in the presence of co-channel interference (CCI), where M is the number of relay nodes. The additional performance overhead of OC is the need for estimation of interferer channels. The impact of imperfect channel estimation on the performance of OC with decode-and-forward relaying is analyzed. When the source-destination and relay-destination channel estimations are imperfect, the diversity gains of OC deteriorate and the performance further degrades with increase of the error variance. When the destination node accurately estimates the variances of the interferer channel state information (CSI), instead of instantaneous CSI, no performance loss is observed. Thus, the overhead associated with the interferer channel estimation in OC can be significantly reduced.
Local Atomic Structure and Discommensurations in the Charge Density Wave of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>CeTe</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> (2006)

The local structure of in the incommensurate charge density wave (IC-CDW) state has been obtained using atomic pair distribution function analysis of x-ray diffraction data. Local atomic distortions in the Te nets due to the CDW are larger than observed crystallographically, resulting in distinct short and long Te-Te bonds. Observation of different distortion amplitudes in the local and average structures is explained by the discommensurated nature of the CDW, since the pair distribution function is sensitive to the local displacements within the commensurate regions, whereas the crystallographic result averages over many discommensurated domains. The result is supported by STM data. This is the first quantitative local structural study within the commensurate domains in an IC-CDW system.
Calculation of the Flow in High-Speed Gas Bearings Including Inertia Effects Using the CE/SE Method (2004)

In the classical Reynolds equation, inertia effects are neglected. Gas bearings working at very high speeds may encounter flow discontinuities (shock waves), which require the inclusion of inertia terms within the momentum equations. In order to solve the resulting system of equations, a numerical method capable of capturing flow discontinuities is necessary, and the space-time conservation element/solution element (CE/SE) is such a method. In addition, it does not incorporate any other assumptions or special numerical treatment. Results obtained using this method are compared with experimental data and theoretical results, as well as with results obtained by neglecting inertia effects.
Studies of vitamin D oxidation. 4. Regio- and stereoselective epoxidation of vitamin D (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies of vitamin D oxidation. 4. Regio- and stereoselective epoxidation of vitamin DKeiko Nakayama, Sachiko Yamada, Hiroaki Takayama, Yoshiharu Nawata, and Yoichi IitakaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 9, 1537–1539Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00183a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00183a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views315Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Extension of reflectivity to smooth media (1993)

Propagation of elastic waves in 1D layered media can be modeled exactly with the well known reflectivity technique (Kennet, 1983). It consists in the computerion of the response of the layers to plane waves of different temporal frequency and ray parameter (reflectivity function) and the summation of these responses through the Sommerfeld integral. Computation time is proportional to the number of layers. Modeling of continuous variations in depth is accomplished by discretization in a set of uniform layers. The thickness must be smaller than the predominant wavelength to ensure accuracy The number of layers can become quite large and the computation cumbersome.
Robust Feature Point Matching in General Multi-Image Setups. (2011)

We present a robust feature matching approach that considers features from more than two images during matching. Traditionally, corners or feature points are matched between pairs of images. Starting from one image, corresponding features are searched in the other image. Yet, often this two-image matching is only a subproblem and actually robust matches over multiple views and / or images acquired at several instants in time are required. In our feature matching approach we consider the multi-view video data modality and find matches that are consistent in three images. Requiring neither calibrated nor synchronized cameras, we are able to reduce the percentage of wrongly matched features considerably. We evaluate the approach for different feature detectors and their natural descriptors and show an application of our improved matching approach for optical flow calculation on unsynchronized stereo sequences. Keywords: Keypoint matching, motion estimation, multi-view video.
The use of plant protoplasts for transformation of Agrobacterium and isolated plasmids (1980)

Isolated Agrobacterium plasmids will transform higher plant protoplasts, while intact bacteria will transform regenerated cells. Transformed tissues are hormone independent, multiply when grafted onto the host plants, synthesise octopine, and show lysopine dehydrogenase activity. These are characteristic features of crown gall tumours. These results are discussed with reference to the use of Agrobacterium plasmids in the genetic engineering of plants.