gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Barrier versus Oral Contraceptive Use: A Study of Female College Students (1991)

Although they provide birth control and are easier to use, oral contraceptives (OCPs) are not the preferred approach to preventing sexually transmitted disease (STD). Do the knowledge, attitudes, and experiences of oral contraceptive users place them at greater risk for STDs than those who employ barrier methods? This study examined differences between sexually active female college students (ie, those who reported ever having had vaginal intercourse) who used OCPs and those who employed barrier methods of contraception at the time of their most recent intercourse. The authors analyzed HIV- and other STD-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors from three consecutive annual health surveys of young women about to begin their first year of college. Findings showed barrier and OCP users to be comparable in knowledge about the effectiveness of various contraceptive methods in protecting them against STDs, perceived personal susceptibility to HIV, and experiences with alcohol before sexual intercourse. Oral contraceptive users, compared with those in the group who used barrier methods, reported a greater number of recent partners (p less than .03) and greater perceived vulnerability to STDs (p less than .03). Student healthcare providers must develop creative educational strategies to encourage simultaneous use of both oral contraceptives and barrier methods to protect students against STDs and pregnancy.
Smart phone Application Development for Aware of Unexpected Conditions using Accelerometer Sensors (2012)

스마트폰은 많은 사용자들이 일상의 대부분 시간에 소지하고 있는 모바일 기기이며 각종 센서를 통해서 획득되는 정보는 사용자나 스마트폰의 현황을 파악하는데 유용하게 사용될 수 있다. 따라서 스마트폰의 센서 정보를 활용한 다양한 어플리케이션이 개발되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 스마트폰의 가속도 센서 정보를 지속적으로 분석하여 갑작스러운 돌발 상황을 자동으로 감지하고 이를 사용자에게 즉시 알려주는 기능의 구현을 위한 기법을 제안한다. 또한 이를 적용한 스마트폰 어플리케이션을 구현하여 스마트폰의 추락, 도난과 같이 사용자가 인지하지 못하는 상황을 경보함으로써 효율적인 스마트폰 관리가 가능한 기능을 제공한다. A Smart phone is the one of the mobile devices widely used in our daily life. Moreover, various type of sensing data gathering from smart phone are effectively applicable to recognize of their users or smart phone status. Therefore, many smart phone applications based on sensor data have been actively developed. In this paper, we investigate an unexpected conditions recognition method using continuous sensing data from a single three-axis accelerometer. In addition, we implemented an application using the proposed method which provides the services notifying an abrupt changes of the smart phone conditions. By the experimented results, the application can be useful to protect the smart phone on the user's unaware conditions such as falling or a robbery case.
Prevalence and characteristics of verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) in stool samples from asymptomatic human carriers working in the meat processing industry in Switzerland (2000)

A total of 5590 stool samples from healthy employees in the meat industry were screened by PCR for verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC). The PCR product of VT-encoding genes was detected in 3. 5% of the samples. Phenotypic and genotypic traits of 47 VTEC strains isolated from asymptomatic carriers were characterized. A variety of serotypes was found; one strain belonged to the serotype O157:H7. The majority of the isolates proved to be VT2-positive. Fifty-seven percent of the verotoxin-producing strains harboured the genes for one or several additional virulence associated factors, including intimin (eae, 8.5%), the 60 MDa plasmid (42.5%), enterohaemolysin (EHEC-hlyA, 38.3%), the heat-stable enterotoxin (astA, 6.4%), a serin protease (espP, 6.4%), colicin production (col D157, 12.8%) and a secretion system II (etpD, 10.6%). None of the strains was positive for a specific enzyme with catalase-peroxidase activity (katP).
Design, Analysis, and Real-Time Testing of a Controller for Multibus Microgrid System (2004)

This paper concentrates on the design and analysis of a controller for multibus microgrid system. The controller proposed for use with each distributed generation (DG) system in the microgrid contains inner voltage and current loops for regulating the three-phase grid-interfacing inverter, and external power control loops for controlling real and reactive power flow and for facilitating power sharing between the paralleled DG systems when a utility fault occurs and the microgrid islands. The controller also incorporates synchronization algorithms for ensuring smooth and safe reconnection of the micro and utility grids when the fault is cleared. With the implementation of the unified controller, the multibus microgrid system is able to switch between islanding and grid-connected modes without disrupting the critical loads connected to it. The performance of this unified controller has been verified in simulation using a real-time digital simulator and experimentally using a scaled laboratory prototype.
Wireless backhaul for LTE - requirements, challenges and options (2008)

Next Generation Broadband Wireless Technologies such as 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) and WiMax offer significantly higher data rates and require suitably higher capacity backhaul networks. While some service providers have started rolling out WiMax, 3GPP LTE is expected to be standardized during 2009, and many service providers are planning to offer LTE services by 2010–2012. Apart from significantly higher speeds, LTE Base stations (eNBs) require logical full mesh connectivity due to the flat all-IP architecture. This paper explores the Wireless backhaul network infrastructure options for addressing the LTE bandwidth and connectivity challenges. The paper details the backhaul requirements for 3GPP LTE as specified in the LTE specifications. The paper analyses different architectures for the Backhaul Access and Aggregation networks. The paper proposes a logical topology model for the Aggregation network, examines its realization via Carrier Ethernet Transport and IP/MPLS, and identifies technology gaps in realizing the logical topology model. The paper concludes that while MPLS satisfies the requirements better today, given the time available for LTE evolution, native Carrier Ethernet Transport could emerge as a strong candidate for future deployments.
SYNTHESIS OF SALICYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES FROM THE CORRESPONDING 2-CHLOROBENZOIC ACID USING WATER AS SOLVENT (2002)

ABSTRACT An improved synthesis of salicylic acid using water as solvent can be achieved using the Ullmann–Goldberg reaction conditions in presence of pyridine as cocatalyst. A number of salicylic acids were prepared in good yield.
Cytokinin Inhibits a Subset of Diageotropica-Dependent Primary Auxin Responses in Tomato (2003)

Many aspects of plant development are regulated by antagonistic interactions between the plant hormones auxin and cytokinin, but the molecular mechanisms of this interaction are not understood. To test whether cytokinin controls plant development through inhibiting an early step in the auxin response pathway, we compared the effects of cytokinin with those of the dgt (diageotropica) mutation, which is known to block rapid auxin reactions of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) hypocotyls. Long-term cytokinin treatment of wild-type seedlings phenocopied morphological traits of dgt plants such as stunting of root and shoot growth, reduced elongation of internodes, reduced apical dominance, and reduced leaf size and complexity. Cytokinin treatment also inhibited rapid auxin responses in hypocotyl segments: auxin-stimulated elongation, H(+) secretion, and ethylene synthesis were all inhibited by cytokinin in wild-type hypocotyl segments, and thus mimicked the impaired auxin responsiveness found in dgt hypocotyls. However, cytokinin failed to inhibit auxin-induced LeSAUR gene expression, an auxin response that is affected by the dgt mutation. In addition, cytokinin treatment inhibited the auxin induction of only one of two 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase genes that exhibited impaired auxin inducibility in dgt hypocotyls. Thus, cytokinin inhibited a subset of the auxin responses impaired in dgt hypocotyls, suggesting that cytokinin blocks at least one branch of the DGT-dependent auxin response pathway.
Superhydrophobic Membranes with Ordered Arrays of Nanospiked Microchannels for Water Desalination (2009)

Membrane distillation can desalinate seawater using low-grade heat energy or solar heat, but it has limited mass fluxes and membrane fouling issues. Glass membranes with integrated arrays of nanospiked microchannels and a narrow pore size distribution are made through a process that involves glass fiber drawing, dissolving template material from microchannels and differential chemical etching. After surface modification, superhydrophobic glass membranes with water contact angles of over 160 degrees are produced because of the formations of ordered arrays of spiked nanostructures. The superhydrophobic membrane has shown better antifouling ability and higher flux than those of existing polymer membranes, especially at high salt concentration, owing to its large pore diameter, straight pore shape, narrow pore size distribution, high chemical and thermal stabilities, and water-repelling ability.
Numerical investigations on quadratic assignment problems (1978)

Abstract This paper contains a comparative study of the numerical behavior of different algorithms for solving quadratic assignment problems. After the formulation of the problem, branch and bound algorithms are briefly discussed. Then, starting procedures are described and compared by means of numerical results. Modifications of branch and bound procedures for obtaining good suboptimal solutions are treated in the next section. Subsequently, numerical results with the Gaschütz‐Ahrens algorithm are reported. In the last section, exchange algorithms are discussed, and it is pointed out how they can be combined efficiently with the Gaschütz‐Ahrens procedure and the perturbation method. All suboptimal solutions found in the literature could be improved by these combined methods. In the appendix, test examples and the best known solutions are listed.
Ligand influences on structure and reactivity in organoalkaline earth chemistry (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLigand influences on structure and reactivity in organoalkaline earth chemistryTimothy P. HanusaCite this: Chem. Rev. 1993, 93, 3, 1023–1036Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00019a009https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00019a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views881Altmetric-Citations253LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A new nonlinear-filter-based modulation/demodulation technique for chaotic communication (2009)

A novel modulation/demodulation technique for digital chaotic communications using nonlinear filtering is proposed. The performance of this technique is compared in simulation with the existing nonlinear filtering based chaotic communication schemes for three different nonlinear estimators. The feasibility of the proposed technique is verified by theoretical analysis and computer simulation. The result is also compared with the theoretical bit error rate performance bound for chaotic communications.
DCT algorithms for composite sequence lengths (1998)

This paper presents fast algorithms for the type-II and -III discrete cosine transforms of composite sequence length. In particular, a radix-q algorithm, where q is an odd integer, is derived for uniform or mixed radix decomposition of the discrete cosine transform. By combining the radix-q and radix-2 algorithms, a general decomposition method for any composite length is developed. Reduction of computational complexity can be achieved for many sequence lengths compared with that needed by the well-known radix-2 algorithm. Furthermore, both the proposed and Chan and Siu's (1993) mixed radix algorithms achieve the same computational complexity for N=3*2/sup p/ and 9*2/sup P/. However, our algorithm uses a simpler decomposition approach and provides a wider range of choices of sequence lengths.
Toward More Usable Pictorial Assembly Instructions for Children (2007)

Age-rating guidelines for construction toys are based on the physical characteristics of the toy and not necessarily the attributes of the accompanying instructions. Many construction toys are intended for children as young as six years old, but it is unclear how effectively they can use accompanying pictorial toy assembly instructions. This study examined the usability of four sets of toy instructions by K'NEX®, LEGO®, BIONICLE®, and Lincoln Log®, as used by six- and nine-year-old boys and girls. Significant usability problems impacting engagement and performance were evident including: color inaccuracies, cognitive overload, attention tunneling, bottom-to-top step sequencing, and complex graphic syntax. The research yielded design guidelines to enhance the effectiveness of pictorial assembly instructions for young children. It is important that instructions not discourage children from interacting with building and construction toys thus depriving them of important cognitive and motor development opportunities.
A surface-modified gold minigrid electrode which heterogeneously reduces spinach ferredoxin (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA surface-modified gold minigrid electrode which heterogeneously reduces spinach ferredoxinH. Lynn Landrum, Richard T. Salmon, and Fred M. HawkridgeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 9, 3154–3158Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00451a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00451a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views241Altmetric-Citations119LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Integration and adoptability of APs: the role of ISO TC184/SC4 standards (2003)

Automatic data exchange among computer applications in industrial domains is an issue that has been largely worked out by the scientific and industrial community during last years. In the scope of the several industrial activities, the lack of tools and structured data models ready to be adopted to enable immediate connection of applications in networked-based environments is one of the main gaps identified when seeking global integrated solutions. ISO TC184/SC4 standards (e.g. STEP and PLib) seem ready to aid solving this problem, and the adoption of such standards has been opening new possibilities in this area, fulfilling most of the identified requirements. To support those standards, applications must be prepared with suitable mechanisms and interfaces easily adaptable for fast and reliable plug-and-play in the standard-based architecture, to accomplish the foreseen Open Platforms. Therefore, data modelling, data share and exchange, reuse of models, automatic code generators and software libraries, together with the possibility to incorporate expertise and knowledge representation, is a challenge to face when working in environments supported by heterogeneous platforms and concepts, as is the case. Nevertheless, to include mechanisms for conformance testing will faster assure interoperability among the applications joining the platform. The content of this paper intends to provide a broad view of two of the main ISO TC184/SC4 Standards, i.e. ISO 10303-STEP and ISO 13584-PLib, presenting their methodology and architecture, and contributing for a reference to those managing in the area of the integration of data in industrial domains. This text is based on the standard documentation available, and results from the work developed and in progress in the scope of some industrial and research international projects for the furniture and building and construction industrial sectors within CEN/ISSS and ISO TC184/SC4 (e.g. funStep and ECOS ESPRIT projects).
Novel in vivo targets of ΔNp63 in keratinocytes identified by a modified chromatin immunoprecipitation approach (2007)

This unbiased genomic approach has allowed us to uncover functional targets of DeltaNp63 and serves as the initial step in further analysis of the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that are governed by p63 in keratinocytes.
Disialoganglioside GD2 loss following monoclonal antibody therapy is rare in neuroblastoma (2001)

Ganglioside GD2 is abundant on human neuroblastoma (NB). Monoclonal antibody 3F8 targeted to GD2 may have imaging and therapeutic potential. Antigen-negative clones can escape immune-mediated attack, leading to clinical resistance or recurrence. Among 95 evaluable patients treated i.v. with 3F8 (94 stage 4 and 1 stage 3), 66 received nonradiolabeled 3F8, 11 received 131I-labeled 3F8 (8-28 mCi/kg) with autologous bone marrow rescue, and 18 received both forms of treatment. Prior to treatment, 91 patients tested positive for GD2 reactivity by bone marrow immunofluorescence (n = 68), tumor immunohistochemistry (n = 20), or diagnostic radioimmunoscintigraphy only (n = 3). Of 62 patients who had refractory or recurrent NB following 3F8 treatment, 61 (98%) tested positive for GD2 reactivity by bone marrow immunofluorescence (n = 51) or tumor immunohistochemistry (n = 10). The sole tumor that lost GD2 expression underwent phenotypic transformation into a pheochromocytoma-like tumor. The persistence of GD2 expression in refractory or recurrent NB suggests that complete antigen loss is an uncommon event and cannot account for treatment failure.
Automatic compiler recognition of monitor tasks (1994)

Monitor tasks, also known as passive tasks, are a kind of Ada task that is subject to well-known and very powerful optimization. In most compilation systems that perform this optimization, monitor tasks are identified to the complier by the user, via an implementation-defined pragma. This paper describes an alternate approach, whereby the compiler automatically recognizes and optimizes monitor tasks, without need of a pragma, compiler option, or any other user action. The advantages and disadvantages of this approach are discussed, both in terms of the functional impact to the user and the execution-time efficiency of the optimization.
Changes in mechanisms of monocyte/macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity during culture. Reactive oxygen intermediates are involved in monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity, whereas reactive nitrogen intermediates are employed by macrophages in tumor cell killing (1993)

Freshly isolated human blood monocytes were spontaneously cytotoxic toward K562 tumor cells. During culture of the monocytes in vitro cytotoxicity decreased during the first 48 h but tumoricidal competence was restored after 3 to 4 days in vitro. These changes were accompanied by changes in both reactive oxygen intermediate generating capacity and reactive nitrogen intermediate production. Lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence stimulated with either FMLP or PMA declined during the first 2 days in culture and was negligible during the later days in culture. Superoxide radical production in response to either FMLP or PMA remained fairly constant for the first few days in vitro and then declined. NO2- concentration in monocyte-conditioned medium was fairly constant during the first few days in vitro but increased after 6 days. The return to tumoricidal competence after 3 to 4 days in culture was decreased by the addition of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine. These results indicate that reactive oxygen intermediates are employed by monocytes in the killing of tumor cells. However, after maturation of monocytes to macrophages, this mechanism becomes less important and reactive nitrogen intermediates are employed in mediating macrophage cytotoxicity.
Separate mechanisms for retinal damage by ultraviolet-A and mid-visible light. (1990)

Retinal damage by light has two distinct action spectra, one peaking in the ultraviolet-A (UVA) and the other in the mid-visible wavelengths (green light). Here we show in a single animal species, the Long Evans rat, that UVA and green light can produce histologically dissimilar types of damage. UVA light in particular produces severe retinal damage at low irradiation levels. Furthermore, the mechanism of damage by UVA light is different from that of green light as determined by their relative rhodopsin bleaching efficacies. These results provide convincing evidence that different chromophores mediate damage by UVA and green light. By producing both classes of damage in a single species, a sound model is provided for further investigation into the different forms of photic retinopathy.
Perfect Gaussian Integer Sequences of Arbitrary Composite Length (2015)

A composite number can be factored into either N=mp or N=2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> , where p is an odd prime and m, n ≥ 2 are integers. This paper proposes a method for constructing degree-3 and degree-4 perfect Gaussian integer sequences (PGISs) of an arbitrary composite length utilizing an upsampling technique and the base sequence concept proposed by Hu, Wang, and Li. In constructing the PGISs, the degree of the sequence is defined as the number of distinct nonzero elements within one period of the sequence. This paper commences by constructing degree-3 PGISs of odd prime length, followed by degree-2 PGISs of odd prime length. The proposed method is then extended to the construction of degree-3 and degree-4 PGISs of composite length N=mp. Finally, degree-3 and degree-4 PGISs of length N=4 are built to facilitate the construction of degree-3 and degree-4 PGISs of length N=2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> , where n ≥ 3.