gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Dynamic Scenes: Application to Driving Assistance (2009)

The development of autonomous vehicles garnered an increasing amount of attention in recent years. The interest for automotive industries is to produce safer and more user friendly cars. A common reason behind most traffic accidents is the failure on the part of the driver to adequately monitor the vehicle's surroundings. In this thesis we address the problem of estimating the collision risk for a vehicle for the next few seconds in urban traffic conditions. Current commercially available crash warning systems are usually equipped with radar based sensors on the front, rear or sides to measure the velocity and distance to obstacles. The algorithms for determining the risk of collision are based on variants of time-to-collision (TTC). However, it might be misleading in situations where the roads are curved and the assumption that motion is linear does not hold. In these situations, the risk tends to be underestimated. Furthermore, instances of roads which are not straight can be commonly found in urban environments, like the roundabout or cross junctions. An argument of this thesis is that simply knowing that there is an object at a certain location at a specific instance in time does not provide sufficient information to asses its safety. A framework for understanding behaviours of vehicle motion is indispensable. In addition, environmental constraints should be taken into account especially for urban traffic environments. A bottom up approach towards the final goal of constructing a model to estimate the risk of collision for a vehicle is presented. The simpler case of “free” motion is first presented. The thesis then proposes to take collision risk estimation further by being more “environmentally aware” where environmental structures and constraints are explicitly taken into account for urban traffic scenarios. This thesis proposes a complete probabilistic model motion at the trajectory level based the Gaussian Process (GP). Its advantage over current methods is that it is able to express future motion independently of state space discretization. Driving behaviours are modelled with a variant of the Hidden Markov Model. The combination of these two models provides a complete probabilistic model for vehicle evolution in time. Additionally a general method of probabilistically evaluating collision risk is presented, where different forms of risk values with different semantics can be obtained, depending on its applications.
Optical Frequency Comb Generation in Highly Nonlinear Fiber With Dual-Mode Square Microlasers (2017)

Optical frequency comb (OFC) generation based on four-wave mixing in highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) is investigated using dual-transverse-mode square microlaser as a seed source. Dual-mode lasing microlasers with wavelength intervals from 1.11 to 0.36 nm are realized and applied for OFC generation at different square side lengths. For an 18- <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">μ</i> m-side-length microlaser, a frequency comb with 50 nm bandwidth and 102 GHz line spacing is achieved using two stages of erbium-doped fiber amplifier and HNLF. A phase-locked comb with a pulse width of 1 ps is also verified using frequency resolved optical gating analyses. In addition, the comb linewidths are nearly linearly increased with the comb order, which is in agreement with the linewidth behavior determined by 1/ <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> noise. The results indicate that 1/ <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> noise deteriorates the laser linewidth greatly.
Synthesis, properties and applications of 2D non-graphene materials (2015)

As an emerging class of new materials, two-dimensional (2D) non-graphene materials, including layered and non-layered, and their heterostructures are currently attracting increasing interest due to their promising applications in electronics, optoelectronics and clean energy. In contrast to traditional semiconductors, such as Si, Ge and III-V group materials, 2D materials show significant merits of ultrathin thickness, very high surface-to-volume ratio, and high compatibility with flexible devices. Owing to these unique properties, while scaling down to ultrathin thickness, devices based on these materials as well as artificially synthetic heterostructures exhibit novel and surprising functions and performances. In this review, we aim to provide a summary on the state-of-the-art research activities on 2D non-graphene materials. The scope of the review will cover the preparation of layered and non-layered 2D materials, construction of 2D vertical van der Waals and lateral ultrathin heterostructures, and especially focus on the applications in electronics, optoelectronics and clean energy. Moreover, the review is concluded with some perspectives on the future developments in this field.
The structural relationships among Weblog service quality(wb-SERVQUAL), user satisfaction and loyalty (2006)

According to increasing activities in the cyberspace, various on-line services through the Internet have been offered, and many recent studies on the Internet services such as instant messenger, game, and portal site have been performed to evaluate quality of these services. However researches on weblog(blog), a personal online journal for general public consumption, have not been performed much yet. Therefore, we have conducted an empirical study on investigating the structural relationships among weblog service quality, satisfaction and loyalty in this study. After reviewing the related literatures, we have suggested a model for evaluating the service quality of weblog, wb-SERVQUAL(weblog-SERVQUAL), by modifying the conventional SERVQUAL model based on characteristics of weblog. Structural Equation Model(SEM) has been used to analyze the structural relationships among service quality of weblog, user satisfaction and customer loyalty. Managerial implications are also suggested for managing the weblog sites in conclusion.
A compatible technique for the formation of thin tantalum film resistors on silicon integrated circuits (1966)

A problem in the production of silicon integrated circuits has been yield limitation and applicability restriction due to the large variation and temperature sensitivity of diffused silicon resistors. Use of a thin-film resistive complement on silicon integrated circuits improves performance of many microcircuits heretofore made by the silicon planar process alone. The technique for thin-film on silicon integrated circuits is based on a two-metal resistor-conductor system: tantalum and aluminum. Tantalum was selected as the resistive material because it can be cathodically sputtered with ease, and a wide range of specific resistivity is available as a result of the controlled energy sputtering technique. The process involves production of the active element part of the circuit with standard silicon integrated circuit planar techniques, including contacting the cuts with deposited aluminum. The only deviation from the standard process lies in leaving some unetched SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> surface area for resistor deposition. Tantalum is cathodically sputtered over the wafer, and delineated by standard photolithographic techniques to form resistor, conductor, and pad areas. A second layer of aluminum is then vacuum deposited over the wafer, and this is delineated to cover the pad and conductor areas of the tantalum with a high conductivity overlay. The exposed tantalum is then thermally stabilized and the final sheet resistivity adjusted by the resulting controlled sheet resistivity increase. The resulting circuits contain stable resistors with tolerance distributions of ±5 percent to ±10 percent, and TCR of -200 to -300 PPM/°C. The silicon active elements in the circuits do not degrade as a result of the thin-film resistor formation.
Soft-landing preparative mass spectrometry (2012)

Preparative mass spectrometry has become a diverse field that covers the spectrum of kinetic energy deposition. Of these methods, soft-landing mass spectrometry has many fundamental properties, which make it an advantageous technique for ion isolation and deposition. Its definition implies the preservation of ionic structural integrity after landing, which ensures the structure-function relationship of a molecule remains intact. Here the focus is on the instruments and applications of studying ion-surface landing in the hyperthermal and thermal kinetic energy regimes. Soft-landing preparative mass spectrometry covers the breadth of mass spectrometric ionization sources, instrumental configurations, and molecular families. Due to the diverse nature of soft landing, and to maximize readability, this review has been organized according to instrumental considerations and molecular families, with a discussion of theoretical work at the end.
Development of a RadFET linear array for intracavitary in vivo dosimetry during external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy (2004)

We present the details of a new linear array dosimeter consisting of a chain of semiconductors mounted on an ultra-thin (50 /spl mu/m thick) flexible substrate and housed in an intracavitary catheter. The semiconductors, manufactured by NMRC Cork, have not been packaging and incorporate a passivation layer that allows them to be mounted on the substrate using flip-chip-bonding. This paper reports, for the first time, the construction of a multiple (ten) detector array suited to in vivo dosimetry in the rectum, esophagus and vagina during external beam radiotherapy, as well as being adaptable to in vivo dosimetry during brachytherapy and diagnostic radiology.
Differential effect of pancreatectomy on humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. (1977)

Cell-mediated immune reactions, such as allogenic skin-graft rejection and PHA or MLC responses, and antibody synthesis against different antigens (sheep erythrocytes, Brucella antigen, bovine serum albumin) have been evaluated in rats suffering from experimentally-induced diabetes and in age-matched sham-treated controls. Cell-mediated immune reactions are strongly depressed diabetic rats. The cellularity of the thymus and of thymus-dependent areas and the number of peripheral blood lymphocytes is significantly reduced in pancreatectomized rats. Moreover, the immunological recovery from heavy cortisonization is also greatly impaired. Daily treatment with insulin may prevent these immunological alterations. By contrast, antibody responses in diabetic rats are not quantitatively altered in respect to either the number of antibody producing cells in the spleen or the circulating antibody titres. The discrepancy between the abnormality of cell-mediated immune reactions in diabetic rats and their physiological capacity to synthetize antibodies suggests that the sensitivity to an insulin-deprived environment is present only in a definite, although yet undefined, subpopulation of lymphoid cells rather than in the whole lymphoid system.
Cytotoxic and Antiviral Activities of Colombian Medicinal Plant Extracts of the Euphorbia genus (2002)

Forty-seven plant extracts of 10 species of the genus Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) used by Colombian traditional healers for the treatment of ulcers, cancers, tumors, warts, and other diseases, were tested in vitro for their potential antitumour (antiproliferative and cytotoxic) and antiherpetic activity. To evaluate the capacity of the extracts to inhibit the lytic activity of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and the reduction of viability of infected or uninfected cell cultures, the end-point titration technique (EPTT) and the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] colorimetric assay were used, respectively. The therapeutic index of the positive extracts for the antiviral activity was determined by calculating the ratio CC50 (50% cytotoxic concentration) over IC50 (50% inhibitory concentration of the viral effect). Five of the 47 extracts (11%) representing 3 out of 10 Euphorbia species (30%) exhibited antiherpetic action; the highest activity was found in the leaf/stem water-methanol extracts from E. cotinifolia and E. tirucalli. The therapeutic indexes of these two plant species were > 7.1; these extracts exhibited no cytotoxicity. Six extracts (13%) representing 4 plant species (40%) showed cytotoxic activity. The highest cytotoxicity was found in the dichloromethane extract obtained from E. cotinifolia leaves and the CC50 values for the most susceptible cell lines, HEp-2 and CHO, were 35.1 and 18.1 microgram/ml, respectively.
Biosynthesis of bacterial glycogen. Purification and properties of the Escherichia coli B α-1,4-glucan:α-1,4-glucan 6-glycosyltransferase (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiosynthesis of bacterial glycogen. Purification and properties of the Escherichia coli B α-1,4-glucan:α-1,4-glucan 6-glycosyltransferaseCharles Boyer and Jack PreissCite this: Biochemistry 1977, 16, 16, 3693–3699Publication Date (Print):August 9, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 9 August 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00635a029https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00635a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views243Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Morphological Identification of St. Augustinegrass Cultivars<sup>1</sup> (1986)

A vegetatively propagated crop such as St. Augustinegrass [ Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] should consist of distinctive, easily identifiable cultivars. The purpose of this study was to improve identification criteria for this species and measure the frequencies of various St. Augustinegrass cultivars in Florida. Morphological traits were recorded in 242 unknown Florida St. Augustinegrass lawn and sod samples, which had been transplanted and grown outdoors in containers with 16 known clonal cultivars and taxonomic representatives. Lawn and sod samples conformed mostly to the expected morphological distributions of ‘Floratam’, ‘Bitterblue’, and a heterogeneous ‘Roselawn’‐like complex. The latter clones were distinctive because of their intermediate‐sized (4.6 to 4.8 ram) spikelets, relatively long floral regions (measured from the base of the lowermost spikelet to the tip of the inflorescence), and long, narrow internodes. Therefore, they were named the Longicaudatus (“long‐stemmed”) Race. Clones with short (<4.5 mm) spikelets were also distinctive and were named the Breviflorus Race, however, this race was virtually absent in Florida. Spikelet length and length of the floral region separated known cultivars in 84 of 91 pairwise comparisons (P<0.05), and these two traits showed no detectable environmental variance between containers and field plots. Inclusion of floral traits in discriminant analysis increased the proportion of unknown clones that could be identified from 49% (with vegetative traits only) to 95%. Keys using vegetative field traits and replicated container measurements were 93% accurate in identification of knowns, and 86 to 96% consistent with discriminant analysis in identification of unknowns.
Sensorless detection of a free-falling hard disk drive by electromechanical signal of a spindle motor (2005)

This paper numerically investigates the electromechanical signals of a spindle system of a hard disk drive when it is in freefall. Electromechanical simulation includes the time-stepping finite-element analysis of a speed-controlled brushless dc motor and the dynamic analysis of the stationary and rotating parts of the hard disk drive (HDD) under free-falling condition. It shows that the electromechanical characteristics of the spindle motor are affected by the relative motion between the stationary and rotating parts of a HDD and the gyroscopic moment of the rotating spindle during free-falling period. This research shows the possibility that the free-falling state can be detected by monitoring the electromechanical signals of a spindle motor without using any sensors.
Pharmacokinetics, endocrine and antitumour effects of leuprolide depot (TAP-144-SR) in advanced prostatic cancer: a dose-response evaluation. (1989)

Twenty-two patients with advanced prostatic cancer and one with benign prostatic hypertrophy were given the GnRH analogue leuprolide in the form of a slow-release depot formulation by subcutaneous injection at doses of 3.75, 7.5, 15 or 30 mg. Following the first dose, drug levels were measured by a double-antibody RIA over an observation period of 5 weeks. Thereafter patients continued long-term subcutaneous treatment at the same dose every 4 weeks. Serum levels of leuprolide showed a rapid increase immediately after injection, reaching a peak proportional to dose within 3 h (range of mean values 13.1-54.5 ng/ml). Subsequently, mean drug levels declined to a plateau proportional to dose (0.49-1.99 ng/ml at 5 weeks). A significant dose-dependent increase in the area under the serum concentration-time curve from zero to 35 days (AUC0-35 days) from 541.7 to 1653.9 ng/ml.h was also noted (p less than 0.01). With all doses there was an initial rise in serum LH and FSH, followed by a rise in testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, then a sharp decrease within 3 weeks. FSH inhibition was achieved in all the 20 evaluable patients and was maintained in 17 of them (85%) over 5 weeks. Fifteen subjects (75%) had marked suppression of LH levels. In 13 of them (65%) this condition continued for the entire observation time. Castration levels of serum testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, however, were maintained in all patients for up to 5 weeks. Two of the 21 evaluable patients (10%) had a complete response; 15 a partial response (71%) and 3 stable disease (14%). No significant differences were observed in relation to dose. Clinical improvement and serum hormonal changes support this as a new and superior method of administration of leuprolide at a dose as low as 3.75 mg.
Effect of nanocrystals on up-conversion luminescence of Er^(3+),Yb^(3+) co-doped glass-ceramics (2005)

Different up-conversion luminescent spectra of Er^(3+) ions were observed in the oxyfluoride glass-ceramics. The ratio of two fluorides in the original compositions was modified in order to form different nanocrystals. The intensity of up-conversion luminescence increased sharply when the ratio of PbF2 and CdF2 was 40:10. The data of differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction were used to explain the optimization fluoride ratio. The intensity of up-conversion luminescence is not only decided by the crystallizability but also mainly related with the stoichiometric proportion of fluoride nanocrystals in the glass-ceramics.
Current Concepts in Acute Pain Management (2003)

Analgesics most commonly prescribed in dentistry for acute pain relief include the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, acetaminophen, and various opioid-containing analgesic combinations. The NSAIDs and presumably acetaminophen act by inhibiting cyclooxgenase enzymes responsible for the formation of prostaglandins that promote pain and inflammation. Opioids such as codeine, hydrocodone, and oxycodone stimulate endogenous opioid receptors to bring about analgesic and other effects. Numerous clinical studies have confirmed that moderate to severe pain of dental origin is best managed through the use of ibuprofen or another NSAID whose maximum analgesic effect is at least equal to that of standard doses of acetaminophen-opioid combinations. If an NSAID cannot be prescribed because of patient intolerance, analgesic preparations that combine effective doses of an orally active opioid with 600 to 1,000 mg of acetaminophen are preferred in the healthy adult. On occasion, prescribing both an NSAID and an acetaminophen-opioid combination may be helpful in patients not responding to a single product. In all cases, however, the primary analgesic should be taken on a fixed schedule, not on a "prn" (or as needed) basis, which only guarantees the patient will experience pain.
Java JCA/JCE programming in Android with SD smart cards (2012)

The mobile phone is currently the preferred means by which people can communicate and interact with each other at a distance. Not only that, the smart-phone nowadays constitutes the full embodiment of the truly personal device users carry constantly with them, everywhere. They are therefore the ideal means by which the user can casually and conveniently interact with information systems. It can also act as a convenient and highly practical storage place for sensitive identity information. Moreover nowadays there is a real urgent need to have in place secure, non-refutable and securely managed identities and communications, with sufficiently strong authentication mechanisms that can assure, among other important properties, strong non-repudiation. In this paper we describe how we have managed to combine the functionalities provided by OpenSC and the University of Graz IAIK java security provider to more easily port java security applications based on the desktop JCA API to the Android platform. This enables us to take advantage of the full extent of the security programming facilities provided by the java programming language on android devices equipped with smart digital (SD) based smart cards.
Design of robust electronic circuits for yield optimization (2010)

With the trend from micro- to nanoelectronics the control of production deviations can not keep pace with the reduction of the absolute sizes of semiconductor devices. This results in an increased number of circuits beyond specification. The presented symbolic methods for reducing behavioral models with parameter variations assist designing and optimizing robust electronic circuits to increase the yield of produced circuits.