gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tumor Suppressor Genes in Human Cancer (2000)

Part I. Analysis and Clinical Implications of Tumor Suppressor Genes. Animal Models for Tumor Suppressor Genes, Jordan A. Kreidberg and Thomas A. Natoli. Viral Oncoproteins as Probes for Tumor Suppressor Function, Srikmar P. Chellappan. Tumor Suppressors in Metastasis, Taoufik Ouatas, Melanie T. Hartsough, and Patricia S. Steeg. Apoptosis: Machinery of Cell Death in Development and Cancer, Jinyan Du and David E. Fisher. Drug Discovery in Oncology, Alex Matter. Part II. Tumor Suppressor Pathways. Retinoblastoma Protein in Growth Control and Differentiation, Lilia Stepanova and J. Wade Harper. p53 Tumor Suppressor Protein, Margaret Ashcroft and Karen H. Vousden. p16 Tumor Suppressor, Alexander Kamb and Ken McCormack. DNA Mismatch Repair in Tumor Suppression, Guo-Min Li, Scott McCulloch, and Liya Gu. PTEN: Regulator of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Signal Transduction, Jen Jen Yeh and William R. Sellers. Neurofibromatoses, Andre Bernards and Andrea I. McClatchey. Von Hippel-Lindau Disease: Clinical and Molecular Aspects, Othon Iliopoulos and William G. Kaelin Jr. Wilms' Tumor: A Developmental Anomaly, Aswin L. Menke and Nick D. Hastie. The Fanconi Anemia Pathway and Cancer Susceptibility, Yanan Kuang, Irene Garcia-Higuera, Eric Nisbet-Brown, Anna Savoia, and Alan D. D'Andrea. Index.
MicroRNA-21 drives severe, steroid-insensitive experimental asthma by amplifying PI3K-mediated suppression of HDAC2 (HYP7P.262) (2015)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Severe, steroid-insensitive (SSI) asthma is a substantial clinical problem. Effective treatments are urgently required, however, their development is hampered by a lack of understanding of the mechanisms that promote disease. SSI asthma is associated with respiratory infections and non-eosinophilic endotypes of disease, including neutrophilic asthma. OBJECTIVES:To develop and use mouse models of SSI neutrophilic asthma to investigate pathogenic mechanisms involving microRNA (miR)-21, phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) and histone deacetylase (HDAC)2 in order to identify new therapeutic approaches. METHODS:Novel mouse models of respiratory infection and ovalbumin-induced, SSI neutrophilic allergic airway disease (SSIAAD) in BALB/c mice were developed. The roles of infection-induced miR-21 expression and PI3K-dependent signalling in the lung were examined using a specific miR-21 inhibitor (antagomir-21) and the pan-PI3K inhibitor LY294002. RESULTS:Infection induced a miR-21-dependent, PI3K-mediated signalling pathway that decreased nuclear HDAC2 levels and promoted steroid-insensitive neutrophilic inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) in AAD. Inhibition of miR-21 or PI3K suppressed nuclear pAkt levels and restored HDAC2 levels and steroid sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS:We have identified a novel role for a miR-21/PI3K/HDAC2 signalling axis in SSIAAD. Our data highlights miR-21 as a novel target for treating this form of asthma.
Beyond 11% Efficiency: Characteristics of State‐of‐the‐Art Cu<sub>2</sub>ZnSn(S,Se)<sub>4</sub> Solar Cells (2012)

A world-record CZTSSe device is reported, surpassing 11% power conversion efficiency for the first time. The results reflect not only higher efficiency, but also other improved device characteristics, such as fill factor and short circuit current. The improvement in CZTSSe devices continues to point to significant promise for the kesterite-based absorbers.
The Effect of Steam Stripping of Grape Juice Prior to Fermentation (1977)

Juices made from American type grapes (<i>V. labruscana</i>, Bailey) were stripped of their volatile components before fermentation and the wines evaluated by taste panels. In all cases wines prepared from the stripped juices were preferred to those made from unstripped juices. The improvement was particularly significant in wines made from Concord, Fredonia and Niagara varieties.
Selective Silencing of Angiotensin Receptor Subtype 1a (AT <sub>1a</sub> R) by RNA Interference (2004)

Angiotensin II exerts its physiological effects by activating multiple subtypes of its receptor such as AT1a-, AT1b-, and AT2-receptors. Because of a high degree of similarity among these G-protein-coupled receptors, it has been difficult to assign diverse physiological actions of angiotensin II through these receptor subtypes. We have developed small interfering RNAs to selectively inhibit the expression of the AT1a receptor (AT1aR) subtype. A dsRNA, AT1 47, was found to be highly selective and efficient in reducing the levels of AT1aR subtype. Transfection of AT1aR-expressing CHO cells with dsRNA AT1 47 resulted in an 80% decrease in the AT1aR expression. In contrast, dsRNA AT1 47 showed no significant effects on both AT1bR and AT2R subtypes. Thus, AT1 47 provides us with a powerful tool to selectively silence this subtype of receptor to investigate its role in cardiovascular physiology.
Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus have impaired IL-1β production in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2017)

Patients with diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of developing tuberculosis. Although the underlying mechanism is unclear, evidence suggests a role for chronic hyperglycaemia. We examined the influence of hyperglycaemia on Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced cytokine responses in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 24 male T1D patients with sub-optimal glucose control [HbA1c > 7.0% (53 mmol/L)] and from 24 age-matched male healthy controls were stimulated with M. tuberculosis lysate. Cytokine analysis, assessment of aerobic glycolysis, receptor recognition and serum cross-over experiments were performed to explore the mechanistic differences. PBMCs from T1D patients produced less bioactive interleukin (IL)-1β in response to M. tuberculosis. IL-6 and interferon (IFN)-γ production trended towards a decrease, whilst other cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-17 and IL-1Ra were normal. The decrease in cytokine production was not correlated to HbA1c or plasma glucose levels. Cross-over serum experiments did not alter the cytokine profile of T1D or control patients, arguing for an intrinsic cellular defect. Cellular metabolism and the expression of M. tuberculosis-related pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as TLR2, TLR4 and NOD2 did not differ between T1D patients and healthy controls. Compared to matched controls, T1D patients have a reduced capacity to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to M. tuberculosis. The impaired IL-1β production in T1D patients may contribute to the increased susceptibility to tuberculosis. This effect appears not to be related to prevailing glucose levels but to an intrinsic cellular deficit.
Ep400 deficiency in Schwann cells causes persistent expression of early developmental regulators and peripheral neuropathy (2019)

Schwann cells ensure efficient nerve impulse conduction in the peripheral nervous system. Their development is accompanied by defined chromatin changes, including variant histone deposition and redistribution. To study the importance of variant histones for Schwann cell development, we altered their genomic distribution by conditionally deleting Ep400, the central subunit of the Tip60/Ep400 complex. Ep400 absence causes peripheral neuropathy in mice, characterized by terminal differentiation defects in myelinating and non-myelinating Schwann cells and immune cell activation. Variant histone H2A.Z is differently distributed throughout the genome and remains at promoters of Tfap2a, Pax3 and other transcriptional regulator genes with transient function at earlier developmental stages. Tfap2a deletion in Ep400-deficient Schwann cells causes a partial rescue arguing that continued expression of early regulators mediates the phenotypic defects. Our results show that proper genomic distribution of variant histones is essential for Schwann cell differentiation, and assign importance to Ep400-containing chromatin remodelers in the process.
Preparation and Biodistribution of Re-188 Sulfru Colloid (1998)

Purpose: We evaluated the usefulness of Re-188 sulfur colloid for radiation synovectomy and therapy of intraperitoneal metastasis. Materials and Methods: We investigated the labeling efficiency of Re-188 sulfur colloid on various conditions. The stability of Re-188 sulfur colloid was observed at room temperature for 24 h and in human serum and synovial fluid for 72 h. The particle size distribution of Re-188 sulfur colloid was measured by filtering with various pore size filters. Animal experiment was performed in mice and rabbits. Results: The labeling efficiency of Re-188 sulfur colloid was (n=5) at the conditions of sodium thiosulfate 40 mg, EDTA 0.8 mg, 0.8 mg at pH 1. After purification, the radiochemical purity was higher than 99%. The stability of Re-188 sulfur colloid was high (>99%) at room temperature for 24 h and in human serum and synovial fluid for 72 h. The particle size distribution of Re-188 sulfur colloid was 0.3% ($), 25.8% () and 52.8% ($>10{\mu}m$). In mice, 1 h postinjection of Re-188 sulfur colloid into tail vein, uptakes in lung, liver and muscle were , , ID/organ respectively. After i.p. injection in mice, the uptakes of extraperitonial organs of Re-188 sulfur colloid at 1 and 24 h were , ID/organ, and the excretions through urine and feces () were low (, ). When Re-188 sulfur colloid was injected to synovial space of rabbit, the uptake in other organs except knee was very low. Conclusion: Re-188 sulfur colloid showed high labeling efficiency, stability and potency for clinical use.
Human T cell subpopulations defined by a monoclonal antibody. II. Evidence for cell cooperation in the response to alloantigens and generation of cytolytic cells. (1982)

It has been shown previously that the 5/9 monoclonal antibody defines a small T cell subpopulation in human peripheral blood that includes all the cells responsible for proliferation to tetanus toxoid and to alloantigens as well as the helper cells for B cell differentiation. In the present study, human peripheral blood T cells were fractionated according to their reactivity with the 5/9 monoclonal antibody and stimulated in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). In spite of a strong proliferative response in MLC, 5/9+ cells generated no cytolytic activity against PHA-activated lymphocytes bearing the stimulating alloantigens (CTL activity) or against the K562 human cell line (NK activity). The precursors of these cytolytic effector cells were present in the 5/9- fraction. However, 5/9+ cells or soluble factors derived from 5/9+ cells were needed to induce 5/9- cells to respond in MLC and develop cytolytic activity. Both 5/9+ and 5/9- cell populations, upon MLC stimulation, were able to lyse L1210 mouse lymphoma cells in the presence of specific antibodies (ADCC).
Highlight: Dolce vita – a sample from European glycobiology (2012)

No abstract available.
High Plasma Density Lower-Hybrid Current Drive in the FTU Tokamak (1999)

Studies on the current-drive (CD) efficiency have been carried out in the FTU tokamak with 8 GHz lower-hybrid waves up to line-averaged plasma density ${\overline{n}}_{e}>1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{20}{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. High efficiencies, larger than $0.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{20}{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}\mathrm{A}/\mathrm{W}$, are obtained for clean plasma conditions, with no significant degradation as the density is increased up to the accessibility limit. The electron temperature affects favorably the CD efficiency. Impurity influx never limits the machine operations up to the maximum coupled power of 1.7 MW.
Digital color image processing within the framework of a human visual model (1979)

Evidence that the way brightness and chromatic information are processed by the human visual system is relevant to the field of image processing is presented. A three-dimensional homomorphic model for human color vision is outlined. Applications of this model to color image enhancement, transmission, coding, and to the definition of a distortion measure between such images are shown.
Feasibility Study of Delamination Detection with Embedded Optical Fibers (1997)

In this paper, we describe a novel approach for delamination detection, which involves (1) the application of a moving load on the composite member, and (2) measurement of total extension in embedded optical fiber(s). A theoretical study indicates that a single loading test can provide sufficient information to deduce the delamination location (in both the length and thickness directions) as well as the delamination size.
Recent Advances in Plant MAP Kinase Signalling (2001)

Mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) are important mediators in signal transmission, connecting the perception of external stimuli to cellular responses. MAPK cascades are involved in signalling various biotic and abiotic stresses, like wounding and pathogen infection, temperature stress or drought, but are also involved in mediating the action of some plant hormones, such as ethylene and auxin. Moreover, MAPKs have been implicated in cell cycle and developmental processes. In Arabidopsis mutant screens and in vivo assays several components of plant MAPK cascades have been identified. This review gives an update of recent advances in plant MAPK signalling and discusses the emerging mechanisms of some selected MAPK pathways.
A Novel Entity: Primary Sellar Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma (2012)

Objective: Natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphomas are a rare form of lymphomas that typically occur in the nasal cavity and upper aerodigestive tract. To our knowledge, presentation as a pituitary primary without involvement of the paranasal sinuses has never been described. We report the first case of NK/T-cell lymphoma isolated to the pituitary and review 26 patients with primary pituitary lymphomas from the literature.
Performance and Reproducibility of a Laser Fluorescence System for Detection of Occlusal Caries in vitro (1999)

The diagnosis of occlusal caries at non-cavitated sites remains problematic, especially since clinical visual detection has limited sensitivity. Electrical methods of detection show considerable promise, but specificity is reduced. The aims of this in vitro study were: (1) to assess the validity of a new laser fluorescence device--the DIAGNOdent--(and compare the values with those of a fixed-frequency electrical device); (2) to determine the optimum cut-off points of the new device for different stages of the caries process, and (3) to assess the reproducibility of the new laser device. For validity and determination of optimum cut-off points, 105 extracted teeth with macroscopically intact occlusal surfaces were measured by a single examiner, using both the laser fluorescence device (on both moist and dried teeth) and an Electronic Caries Monitor. The teeth were subsequently examined histologically to determine the specificity, sensitivity and likelihood ratio at the D2 (caries extending through more than half of the enamel thickness) and D3 (caries involving dentin) levels. The values obtained for the laser device ranged from 0.72 to 0.87 (specificity), 0.76 to 0.87 (sensitivity) and 3.0 to 5.6 (likelihood ratio). Those for the ECM ranged from 0.64 to 0.78 (specificity), 0. 87 to 0.92 (sensitivity) and 2.4 to 4.1 (likelihood ratio). To determine intra- and interexaminer reproducibility of the DIAGNOdent, 11 dentists recorded two different measurements at the same site on a separate set of 83 extracted molar teeth, and these were compared using Cohen's kappa (at D2 and D3 levels) and Spearman's correlation coefficient. The average intra-examiner kappa scores were 0.88 (D2) and 0.90 (D3), with a Spearman correlation of 0.97. For interexaminer reproducibility, the average kappa values were 0.65 (D2) and 0.73 (D3), with a Spearman correlation of 0.84. It is concluded that for occlusal caries (1) the new laser device has a higher diagnostic validity than the ECM, and (2) in vitro, measurements using the device are highly reproducible. Thus, the laser device could be a valuable tool for the longitudinal monitoring of caries and for assessing the outcome of preventive interventions.
Reassembly and co-crystallization of a family 9 processive endoglucanase from its component parts: Structural and functional significance of the intermodular linker (2015)

Non-cellulosomal processive endoglucanase 9I (Cel9I) from Clostridium thermocellum is a modular protein, consisting of a family-9 glycoside hydrolase (GH9) catalytic module and two family-3 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBM3c and CBM3b), separated by linker regions. GH9 does not show cellulase activity when expressed without CBM3c and CBM3b and the presence of the CBM3c was previously shown to be essential for endoglucanase activity. Physical reassociation of independently expressed GH9 and CBM3c modules (containing linker sequences) restored 60-70% of the intact Cel9I endocellulase activity. However, the mechanism responsible for recovery of activity remained unclear. In this work we independently expressed recombinant GH9 and CBM3c with and without their interconnecting linker in Escherichia coli . We crystallized and determined the molecular structure of the GH9/linker-CBM3c heterodimer at a resolution of 1.68 Å to understand the functional and structural importance of the mutual spatial orientation of the modules and the role of the interconnecting linker during their re-association. Enzyme activity assays and isothermal titration calorimetry were performed to study and compare the effect of the linker on the re-association. The results indicated that reassembly of the modules could also occur without the linker, albeit with only very low recovery of endoglucanase activity. We propose that the linker regions in the GH9/CBM3c endoglucanases are important for spatial organization and fixation of the modules into functional enzymes.
Effect of Glycosylation on MUC1 Humoral Immune Recognition:  NMR Studies of MUC1 Glycopeptide−Antibody Interactions (2002)

MUC1 mucin is a large transmembrane glycoprotein, of which the extracellular domain is formed by a repeating 20 amino acid sequence, GVTSAPDTRPAPGSTAPPAH. In normal breast epithelial cells, the extracellular domain is densely covered with highly branched complex carbohydrate structures. However, in neoplastic breast tissue, the extracellular domain is underglycosylated, resulting in the exposure of a highly immunogenic core peptide epitope (PDTRP in bold above) as well as the normally cryptic core Tn (GalNAc), STn (sialyl alpha2-6 GalNAc), and TF (Gal beta1-3 GalNAc) carbohydrates. In the present study, NMR methods were used to correlate the effects of cryptic glycosylation outside of the PDTRP core epitope region to the recognition and binding of a monoclonal antibody, Mab B27.29, raised against the intact tumor-associated MUC1 mucin. Four peptides were studied: a MUC1 16mer peptide of the sequence Gly1-Val2-Thr3-Ser4-Ala5-Pro6-Asp7-Thr8-Arg9-Pro10-Ala11-Pro12-Gly13-Ser14-Thr15-Ala16, two singly Tn-glycosylated versions of this peptide at either Thr3 or Ser4, and a doubly Tn-glycosylated version at both Thr3 and Ser4. The results of these studies showed that the B27.29 MUC1 B-cell epitope maps to two separate parts of the glycopeptide, the core peptide epitope spanning the PDTRP sequence and a second (carbohydrate) epitope comprised of the Tn moieties attached at Thr3 and Ser4. The implications of these results are discussed within the framework of developing a glycosylated second-generation MUC1 glycopeptide vaccine.
Bodyloss for handheld phones (2003)

Measurements in an anechoic room of three-dimensional radiation patterns for 44 test persons using a handheld phone with two antennas are investigated in order to find the bodyloss. The measured bodyloss range from 0.9 dB to 16 dB. From the measurements is was possible to separate the absorption and the loss due to mis-match of the antenna. The antenna mis-tuning accounted for less than 2 dB to the bodyloss. The uncertainties in the measurements is in the order of one dB.
Air quality, Berlin, New Hampshire, March 1966-December 1967. (1973)

In a study of air pollution in Berlin, New Hampshire, it was found that long-term integrating samplers exposed during monthly intervals were useful to assess effects of chronic, low levels of pollutants on human health. Shorter samplings of hours or minutes are necessary for control purposes and have special value for the study of acute responses in human health. If British smoke samplers are to be used in North America for comparison purposes, there is a need for a correlative calibration curve. Smaller filters (1 inch in diameter) are required to produce a darker stain for better precision in reading. Use of lead peroxide candles should be standardized for fixed air movement and air humidity.
<title>Diode-pumped 2-um solid state lidar transmitter for wind measurements</title> (1997)

Laser remote sensing technique using coherent lidar systems are being widely used for wind measurements. Laser wind measurements use the Doppler shift of backscattered radiation to determine the wind speed. To measure the small Doppler shifts accurately heterodyne detection is used. This technique requires an energetic, low divergence, narrow linewidth laser transmitter to maintain a high degree of coherence. For measurements from ground, air, or space platform, a reliable, all solid-state laser transmitter in the eye-safe region with appreciable energy/pulse is required. This paper reports development and performance of a diode-pumped solid-state amplifiers at 2-micrometer. Q-switched, 400-ns pulses with output energy of 700 mJ at 2-micrometer, representing an optical-to-optical efficiency of 2%, was achieved from five diode-pumped Ho:TM:YLF laser amplifiers at room-temperature.
Field evaluation of barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) genotypes derived from tissue culture (1992)

Somaclonal variation has been observed in plants derived via tissue culture in a number of crops, but evaluation has been on a small scale. This study was conducted to evaluate 72 tissue culture-derived barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes for somaclonal variation in replicated small-plot field trials. Twenty putative somaclones from the cultivar Abee, 20 from Deuce, 15 from Duke and 17 from Heartland were evaluated at three Saskatchewan locations during 1989. Little variation was observed between regenerants and their respective parent cultivars for days to head, height, yield and yield components. When variation did occur it was generally of negative value, i.e., later heading date; lower test weight, 1000-kernel weight, percent plumpness and yield. Of the four groups, those from Deuce and Duke exhibited the most variation. A 5-d difference in heading date was observed for one Duke derivative and 18 of the 20 Deuce derivatives were shorter than the Deuce control. From this study, it was concluded that somaclonal variation would be of no benefit in a plant-breeding program.Key words: Barley, field evaluation, tissue culture, Hordeum vulgare L.