gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bradykinin stimulates bronchial epithelial cells to release neutrophil and monocyte chemotactic activity (1995)

In the present investigation, we evaluated the potential of bradykinin (BK), histamine, and serotonin to induce the release of neutrophil and monocyte chemotactic activity (NCA and MCA) from bronchial epithelial cells (BEC). BK significantly stimulated BEC to release NCA and MCA in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Histamine weakly but significantly induced the release of both NCA and MCA in a similar fashion. Serotonin did not stimulate BEC. Checkerboard analysis showed that the NCA and MCA released in response to BK were chemotactic. Molecular-sieve column chromatography by Sephadex G-75 revealed that BK induced a single low-molecular-weight peak (approximately 400 Da) for both NCA and MCA. The releases of NCA and MCA in response to BK and histamine were inhibited by lipoxygenase inhibitors (P < 0.01). The released NCA was inhibited by leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor antagonist (P < 0.01) and was slightly inhibited by platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist. LTB4 was increased in BK-stimulated BEC supernatant (P < 0.01). BK B2-receptor antagonist attenuated the release of NCA and MCA. These data suggest that BK and histamine may stimulate BEC to release NCA and MCA and may modulate neutrophil and monocyte recruitment into the airways in patients with asthma.
Design of Soft Error Resilient Linear Digital Filters Using Checksum-Based Probabilistic Error Correction (2006)

Any error detecting or correcting code must meet specific code distance criteria to be able to detect and correct specified numbers of errors. Prior work in the area of error detection and correction in linear digital systems using real number checksum codes has shown that at least two checksums are necessary for error correction in linear digital filters and that a fair amount of computation on the two checksums must be performed before "perfect" error compensation can be achieved. In this paper, it is shown that a single checksum can be used to perform probabilistic error correction in linear digital filters with the objective of improving filter SNR in the presence of repetitive injected errors. This approach is designed to partially correct the errors. Comparison against a system with no error correction shows up to 7 dB SNR improvement using the proposed method
Aortic Ring Assay (2009)

Angiogenesis, the sprouting of blood vessels from preexisting vasculature is associated with both natural and pathological processes. Various angiogenesis assays involve the study of individual endothelial cells in culture conditions (1). The aortic ring assay is an angiogenesis model that is based on organ culture. In this assay, angiogenic vessels grow from a segment of the aorta (modified from (2)). Briefly, mouse thoracic aorta is excised, the fat layer and adventitia are removed, and rings approximately 1 mm in length are prepared. Individual rings are then embedded in a small solid dome of basement matrix extract (BME), cast inside individual wells of a 48-well plate. Angiogenic factors and inhibitors of angiogenesis can be directly added to the rings, and a mixed co-culture of aortic rings and other cell types can be employed for the study of paracrine angiogenic effects. Sprouting is observed by inspection under a stereomicroscope over a period of 6-12 days. Due to the large variation caused by the irregularities in the aortic segments, experimentation in 6-plicates is strongly advised. Neovessel outgrowth is monitored throughout the experiment and imaged using phase microscopy, and supernatants are collected for measurement of relevant angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors, cell death markers and nitrite.
Improved Power Coefficient of Sensitivity in a Series-Parallel Circuit of Thermal Converters (2018)

The power coefficient of sensitivity is a useful measure that can provide a deep insight into the improvement of the low-frequency ac-dc transfer difference. We have, therefore, derived the power coefficient of series-parallel connected thermal converters (TC) arranged in an m × m matrix, as a lowfrequency ac-dc transfer standard. The obtained power coefficient of the m × m series-parallel connected TCs is found to decrease proportional to 1/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , without any decrease in the sensitivity. The experimental results are in close agreement with the results of the analysis.
<i>para</i>‐Selective Aerobic Oxidative CH Olefination of Aminobenzenes Catalyzed by Palladium/Molybdovanadophosphoric acid/2,4,6‐Trimethylbenzoic Acid System (2011)

Pick of the bunch: Oxidative CH olefination of aminobenzenes with acrylates was achieved using a palladium/molybdovanadophosphoric acid (HPMoV)/2,4,6-trimethylbenzoic acid (TMBA) system under O2 (1 atm) in DMF. The highly regio- and stereoselective CH olefination of basic substrates such as aminobenzenes is important in organic synthesis; (E)-para-alkenyl-substituted aminobenzenes were produced in high yields.
Evidence for reversal of multidrug resistance by quinine in LR73 cells without alteration of nuclear pirarubicin uptake and down-regulation ofmdr1 gene expression (1997)

Confocal laser microspectrofluorometry was used to investigate restoration of nuclear pirarubicin (THP-DOX) accumulation and sensitivity by verapamil, quinine and S9788 in 2 variants of the Chinese hamster ovary cell lines LR73, selected for resistance to doxorubicin (LR73D) or transfected with the mdr1 gene (LR73R). The 2 resistant cell lines present a multidrug-resistance phenotype (MDR). Verapamil and S9788, which interact with P-glycoprotein (P-gp), were able to restore nuclear THP-DOX accumulation in LR73R and LR73D cells to a level equivalent to that in sensitive cells. On the other hand, quinine was unable to increase nuclear THP-DOX accumulation significantly even at a concentration of 50 microM. All modulators completely restored THP-DOX sensitivity in resistant cell lines. Our results also show that verapamil and S9788 allow high nuclear drug accumulation, whereas quinine did not affect nuclear accumulation. The effect of quinine on the mdr1 gene expression was determined by the use of reverse transcription coupled with polymerase chain reaction. After a 2 hr treatment with 20 microM of quinine, mdr1 gene expression increased slightly.
P0569 EVALUATION OF CLINIC PERFORMANCE OF CLASSIFICATION PLANS AND TREATMENT OF PERSISTENT DIARRHEA USED BY PRODIAPE (PERSISTENT DIARRHEA ASSISTED PROGRAM) (2004)

Introduction: The PRODIAPE was created in 1996 to offer better assistance to children with persistent diarrhea and the principal objective is the ambulatory treatment, reducing the period of hospitalization. The program advocates consequent classification of the severity of persistent diarrhea and its treatment plans as a model to be followed by other health services. OBJECT: Evaluation of clinic performance (cure to diarrhea and nutritional recovery) of classification plans and treatment used by PRODIAPE. Methods: 556 children with persistent diarrhea (PD) were kept track of from june 1996 to june 2003. To classify diarrhea, we used 4 categories and established respective therapeutical plans as follows: Mild PD (children over 6 months old, weight above 5 percent from NCHS and diarrhea span between 15 to 30 days) – Treatment A: reduced amounts of lactose (3,5g/150 kcal) and sacarose / Moderate PD (children between 6 to 24 months, weight under 5 percent and/or diarrhea span over 30 days) –Treatment B: lactose free diet and low sacarose / Severe PD (children above 6 months old) – Treatment C: advocates sole use of lactose and sacarose free diet and soy protein formula / Very Severe PD (children above 4 months old and weight above 5 percent) – treatment D: whey protein formulas. These formulas are provided by the Municipal Health Bureau. Results: 556 children: 13% were classified as mild PD; 60% were moderate; 15% severe and 12% very severe. The nutritional recovery was an important fact: 95% of the children who were discharged showed weight gain over 10 percent and 95% of the children who were monitored on june 2003 showed an upward weight X age curve. Conclusion: PRODIAPE provided rational and free formula distribution ( during the ambulatory treatment), the cure to diarrhea and an evident impact on the nutritional recovery of these children from poor segments of society.
Effect of Carbide Grain Size on the Sliding and Abrasive Wear Behavior of Thermally Sprayed WC-Co Coatings (1997)

The carbide size and cobalt content of thermally sprayed tungsten carbide/cobalt coatings (WC-Co) can influence their microstructure, fracture strength, friction response and abrasion resistance. In this paper, these properties have been determined for one commercially available and three experimental WC-17 wt.% Co thermally sprayed coatings. The experimental coatings were processed from starting powders containing median carbide size distributions of 1.2, 3.8 and 7.9μm, respectively. All the coatings were produced using a high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spray process. The present results indicate that coatings with a higher percentage of finer carbide size distribution in the starting powder display a higher degree of decomposition of the WC phase to W2C phase and, consequently, display lower fracture toughness and abrasion resistance values. Unidirectional, unlubricated sliding wear tests did not reveal major differences in the sliding wear response of the coatings as a function of carbide size. The microscopic analysis of the sliding wear-tested surfaces showed particle delamination and fracture, providing insight into wear mechanisms in these materials.
The effect of seed anisotropy on brachytherapy dose distributions using 125I and 103Pd (2001)

We have evaluated the effect of the anisotropy of individual seeds on dose distributions for permanent prostate implants using 125I and 103Pd. The dose distributions were calculated for various implants using both the line source and point source calculational formalisms, for two different models of 125I and 103Pd seeds. The dose distributions were compared using cumulative dose volume histograms (DVH) and cumulative difference dose volume histograms (deltaDVH) for the prostate target volume and for the rectum surface. The DVHs could not distinguish between the dose distributions from isotropic and non-isotropic seeds. However, the deltaDVHs were useful in determining the fraction of the target volume for which the difference between the dose distribution for line sources and for point sources exceeded a threshold value. The dose distributions were calculated (1) for all the seeds oriented co-linearly, along either the x-, y-, or z-axis, and (2) for the seeds at randomized orientations, more closely resembling the clinical situation. For all cases, there was a significant difference in the effect of seed anisotropy from the different seed types. For the geometrically simpler test cases with a small number of seeds, the effect of anisotropy on the dose distribution was too large to ignore for any of the seed types investigated. For the idealized pre-plan case, the effect was much smaller. For clinical prostate implants, the calculations done with seeds oriented co-linearly along the z-axis (needle implant axis) were a reasonable approximation for those from simulations of seeds with randomized orientations. Again, the effect of anisotropy varied drastically between different seed models, and also between different clinical cases. However, the effect of anisotropy must be considered in the context of all the other uncertainties in clinical brachytherapy treatments.
Application of the DORT technique to FDTD-based time reversal for microwave breast cancer detection (2007)

This paper extends previous work on time reversal (TR) imaging for microwave breast cancer detection, by applying for the first time the decomposition of the time reversal operator (DORT, by the French acronym) to a case of multiple tumors. In particular, a numerical study, combining information from the singular value decomposition (SVD) of the multistatic data matrix (MDM) and the finite difference time domain (FDTD) TR algorithm of [1], [2], is presented. The study confirms established theory on the DORT method, and shows that selective focusing can be achieved without a full reconstruction of the time-domain eigenvectors of the time reversal operator
Effects of Propylthiouracil and Thiouracil on the Metabolism of Thyroxine and Several of Its Derivatives by Rat Kidney Slices<i>in Vitro</i>1 (1962)

The metabolism of thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3′-L-triiodothyronine (T3), tetraiodothyroacetic acid (TA4) and triiodothyroacetic acid (TA3) by rat kidney slices in vitro has been studied to determine the effects of thiouracil (TU) added in vitro and of propylthiouracil (PTU) administered in vivo. These agents decreased the deiodination of T4 and increased the generation of conjugates, without altering the tissue oxygen consumption. Perchlorate and methimazole, comparably administered, were without effect. TU and PTU induced alterations in the metabolism of TA4 and T3 similar to those which occurred in the case of T4. However, the effects were less consistent with T3 than with T4. The results obtained with TA3 were highly variable, significant alterations of in vitro metabolism being obtained in less than half the experiments. In separate experiments, the prevention of PTU-induced goiters by varying doses of T4 was studied in order to correlate the effects upon tissue QO2, T4 deiodination and serum PBI. In confirmation of the results obtained by other workers, doses of T4 adequate to restore PBI to normal failed to prevent goiter completely, while goiter-preventing doses were associated with abnormally high PBI’s. Tissue respiration, as assessed in slices of renal cortex, demonstrated a close inverse correlation with thyroid size. The percentile deiodination of T4 was inhibited in all groups given PTU, regardless of whether or not T4 was also administered. The findings are discussed in the light of the hypothesis that hormonal deiodination and hormonal action are closely linked.
Cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy of electrodeposited metal oxide superlattices (1993)

We have used scanning tunneling microscopy to characterize cleaved cross sections of Pb-Tl-O superlattices. The metal oxide ceramic superlattices were electrodeposited from a single solution, with layer thicknesses as small as 1.5 nm. The lattice parameter of the fcc fluorite-type oxides is approximately 0.536 nm. Modulation wavelengths were determined using Fourier analysis of the STM images and found to be in good agreement with Faraday calculations and x-ray diffraction measurements. The STM is especially well suited for the measurement of modulation wavelengths that are too large to measure by x-ray diffraction, but too small to measure by scanning electron microscopy.
A test facility for determining the response of industrial equipment to voltage dips (sags) (2003)

This paper gives an overview of the voltage dip (sag) test facility developed at the University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, for the testing of motor drive responses to such disturbances. The test procedure followed is described. Hardware and software comprising the test facility are discussed, concentrating on key aspects of the test facility.
Opioid withdrawal increases transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 activity in a protein kinase A-dependent manner (2013)

Hyperalgesia is a cardinal symptom of opioid withdrawal. The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is a ligand-gated ion channel expressed on sensory neurons responding to noxious heat, protons, and chemical stimuli such as capsaicin. TRPV1 can be inhibited via μ-opioid receptor (MOR)-mediated reduced activity of adenylyl cyclases (ACs) and decreased cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels. In contrast, opioid withdrawal following chronic activation of MOR uncovers AC superactivation and subsequent increases in cAMP and protein kinase A (PKA) activity. Here we investigated (1) whether an increase in cAMP during opioid withdrawal increases the activity of TRPV1 and (2) how opioid withdrawal modulates capsaicin-induced nocifensive behavior in rats. We applied whole-cell patch clamp, microfluorimetry, cAMP assays, radioligand binding, site-directed mutagenesis, and behavioral experiments. Opioid withdrawal significantly increased cAMP levels and capsaicin-induced TRPV1 activity in both transfected human embryonic kidney 293 cells and dissociated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Inhibition of AC and PKA, as well as mutations of the PKA phosphorylation sites threonine 144 and serine 774, prevented the enhanced TRPV1 activity. Finally, capsaicin-induced nocifensive behavior was increased during opioid withdrawal in vivo. In summary, our results demonstrate an increased activity of TRPV1 in DRG neurons as a new mechanism contributing to opioid withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia.
A visual tracking model implemented on the iCub robot as a use case for a novel neurorobotic toolkit integrating brain and physics simulation (2015)

Developing neuro-inspired computing paradigms that mimic nervous system function is an emerging field of research that fosters our model understanding of the biological system and targets technical applications in artificial systems. The computational power of simulated brain circuits makes them a very promising tool for the development for brain-controlled robots. Early phases of robotic controllers development make extensive use of simulators as they are easy, fast and cheap tools. In order to develop robotics controllers that encompass brain models, a tool that include both neural simulation and physics simulation is missing. Such a tool would require the capability of orchestrating and synchronizing both simulations as well as managing the exchange of data between them. The Neurorobotics Platform (NRP) aims at filling this gap through an integrated software toolkit enabling an experimenter to design and execute a virtual experiment with a simulated robot using customized brain models. As a use case for the NRP, the iCub robot has been integrated into the platform and connected to a spiking neural network. In particular, experiments of visual tracking have been conducted in order to demonstrate the potentiality of such a platform.
Purification and Properties of Oxidized Poly(vinyl a1cohol)-Degrading Enzyme (1981)

An enzyme catalyzing the degradation of secondary alcohol oxidase-oxidized poly(vinyl alcohol), in which hydroxyl groups of poly(vinyl alcohol) are partially converted to keto groups, was purified to an electrophoretically homogeneous state from a mixed culture broth of at least three different soil bacteria. The enzyme was active to the oxidized poly(vinyl alcohol), but not to intact poly(vinyl alcohol) and to a variety of examined low molecular weight keto compounds. The enzyme was, therefore, tentatively called oxidized poly(vinyl alcohol)-degrading enzyme. The enzyme was a single polypeptide having a molecular weight of 38,000. The N- and C-terminal amino acids were alanine and threonine, respectively. The isoelectric point was pH 10.0. The optimum pH for activity was 6.5 and the optimum temperature 45°C. The enzyme activity was inhibited by Hg2+ and recovered by reduced glutathione, although p-chloromercuribenzoate had no effect. The enzyme reaction on oxidized poly(vinyl alcohol) required neither oxygen nor other electron acceptors, and resulted in a rapid decrease in viscosity, a fall of pH and an increase in compounds that are positive to a color reaction specific to carboxylic acids. The infrared spectrum of reaction products also showed the presence of carboxylic acids. Based on these results, the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme has been suggested to be hydrolytic cleavages of the main chain of oxidized poly(vinyl alcohol) as in the equation: An enzymatic system of poly(vinyl alcohol) degradation was reconstructed by use of purified samples of secondary alcohol oxidase and oxidized poly(vinyl alcohol)-degrading enzyme.
Identification and Molecular Cloning of a Novel Brain-specific Receptor Protein That Binds to Brain Injury-derived Neurotrophic Peptide (2001)

Brain injury-derived neurotrophic peptide (BINP) is a synthetic 13-mer peptide that supports neuronal survival and protects hippocampal neurons in primary cultures from cell death caused by glutamate. We have developed a monoclonal antibody named mAb 6A22 against the 40-kDa BINP-binding protein, p40BBP. mAb 6A22 inhibits binding between BINP and rat brain synaptosomes and abolishes the protective effect of BINP. The antigen of mAb 6A22 should be the BINP-binding protein that mediates the neuroprotective action of BINP. Using an expression cloning approach with mAb 6A22, we isolated a cDNA encoding a novel receptor protein that shows binding activity of BINP. COS7 cells transfected with the cloned cDNA show binding of BINP and cell surfaces that are stained by 6A22. The mRNA for p40BBP is specific for the rat brain and is increased after birth. From immunohistochemical studies using mAb 6A22, p40BBP increased after kainic acid treatment in rat hippocampal neurons.
Alpha‐Chloralose Anesthesia Inhibits the Somato‐Sympathetic Reflex Response in Cats More Effectively than Halothan (1990)

The effect of halothane anesthesia (H; 0.8 Vol%) or alpha-chloralose anesthesia (AC; 60 mg/kg i.v.) on the somato-sympatho-adrenal reflex response evoked by supramaximal bilateral sciatic nerve stimulation, were examined in two groups of cats (H: n = 6; AC: n = 4). Blood samples were collected simultaneously from the adrenal vein and femoral artery at baseline (S1) and during bilateral sciatic nerve stimulation (S2) for the measurement of norepinephrine, epinephrine, neuropeptide Y, and Metenkephalin, while mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded. There were no differences between groups at baseline. In halothane anesthetized cats, sciatic nerve stimulation caused significant increases in MABP (S1: 113 +/- 8 mm Hg, S2: 178 +/- 10 mm Hg; mean +/- SE), HR (S1: 223 +/- 15 bpm, S2: 278 +/- 22 bpm), and adrenal vein plasma levels of norepinephrine (S1: 3.1 +/- 0.98 ng/ml, S2: 19.53 +/- 11.5 ng/ml), epinephrine (S1: 15.5 +/- 4.76 ng/ml, S2: 67.31 +/- 14.9 ng/ml), neuropeptide Y (S1: 1.3 +/- 0.12 ng/ml, S2: 2.16 +/- 0.42 ng/ml), and Met-enkephalin (S1: 107 +/- 35.7 pg/ml, S2: 200 +/- 76.5 pg/ml). In contrast, sciatic nerve stimulation in alpha-chloralose anesthetized cats, caused a significant increase only in MABP during sciatic nerve stimulation (S1: 115 +/- 10 mm Hg, S2: 171 +/- 7 mm Hg), while HR and adrenal vein plasma levels of catecholamines, neuropeptide Y and Met-enkephalin remained unchanged from baseline. Adrenal vein epinephrine levels measured during stimulation in the alpha-chloralose group (S2: 6.17 +/- 0.86 ng/ml), were significantly lower as compared to values observed during halothane anesthesia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli from humans and animals differ in major phenotypical traits and virulence genes (2006)

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is characterized by the expression of the aggregative adherence pattern to cultured epithelial cells. In this study, we determined the phenotypic and genotypic relationships among 86 EAEC strains of human and animal (calves, piglets and horses) feces. Serotypes and the presence of EAEC virulence markers were determined, and these results were associated with ribotyping. Strains harboring aggR (typical EAEC) of human origin were found carrying several of the searched markers, while atypical EAEC harbored none or a few markers. The strains of animal origin were classified as atypical EAEC (strains lacking aggR) and harbored only irp2 or shf. Strains from humans and animals belonged to several different serotypes, although none of them prevailed. Sixteen ribotypes were determined, and there was no association with virulence genes profiles or serotypes. Relationship was not found among the strains of this study, and the assessed animals may not represent a reservoir of human pathogenic typical EAEC.