gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protective Effects of Positive Lysosomal Modulation in Alzheimer's Disease Transgenic Mouse Models (2011)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative pathology in which defects in proteolytic clearance of amyloid β peptide (Aβ) likely contribute to the progressive nature of the disorder. Lysosomal proteases of the cathepsin family exhibit up-regulation in response to accumulating proteins including Aβ(1-42). Here, the lysosomal modulator Z-Phe-Ala-diazomethylketone (PADK) was used to test whether proteolytic activity can be enhanced to reduce the accumulation events in AD mouse models expressing different levels of Aβ pathology. Systemic PADK injections in APP(SwInd) and APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice caused 3- to 8-fold increases in cathepsin B protein levels and 3- to 10-fold increases in the enzyme's activity in lysosomal fractions, while neprilysin and insulin-degrading enzyme remained unchanged. Biochemical analyses indicated the modulation predominantly targeted the active mature forms of cathepsin B and markedly changed Rab proteins but not LAMP1, suggesting the involvement of enhanced trafficking. The modulated lysosomal system led to reductions in both Aβ immunostaining as well as Aβ(x-42) sandwich ELISA measures in APP(SwInd) mice of 10-11 months. More extensive Aβ deposition in 20-22-month APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice was also reduced by PADK. Selective ELISAs found that a corresponding production of the less pathogenic Aβ(1-38) occurs as Aβ(1-42) levels decrease in the mouse models, indicating that PADK treatment leads to Aβ truncation. Associated with Aβ clearance was the elimination of behavioral and synaptic protein deficits evident in the two transgenic models. These findings indicate that pharmacologically-controlled lysosomal modulation reduces Aβ(1-42) accumulation, possibly through intracellular truncation that also influences extracellular deposition, and in turn offsets the defects in synaptic composition and cognitive functions. The selective modulation promotes clearance at different levels of Aβ pathology and provides proof-of-principle for small molecule therapeutic development for AD and possibly other protein accumulation disorders.
Comparison of API 50 CH Strips to Whole-Chromosomal DNA Probes for Identification of <i>Lactobacillus</i> Species (2005)

The API 50 CH identification system was evaluated for the identification of 97 strains of commensal lactobacilli. This system agreed with the species-level identifications for none of the 7 reference strains and only 4 of 90 vaginal isolates identified using whole-chromosomal DNA probes.
MINERAL FILLERS IN ASPHALT PAVING MIXTURES (1962)

A CONTINUATION IS DESCRIBED OF INVESTIGATIONS ON EFFECTS OF VARIOUS MINERAL FILLERS ON PROPERTIES OF ASPHALT PAVING MIXTURES. PREVIOUS STUDIES INDICATED THAT INTRODUCTION OF VARYING AMOUNTS AND TYPES OF MINERAL FILLERS INTO A PAVING MIXTURE MAY GREATLY INFLUENCE COMPACTION CHARACTERISTICS AND, THEREFORE, RESULTANT VOLUMETRIC PROPORTIONS AND TEST PROPERTIES OF MIXTURES COMPACTED WITH A CONSTANT COMPACTIVE EFFORT. MECHANICAL GYRATORY COMPACTION PROCEDURES USING VARIABLE COMPACTIVE EFFORTS WERE DEVELOPED TO COMPACT LABORATORY TEST SPECIMENS CONTAINING CONSTANT VOLUME PROPORTIONS OF MINERAL AGGREGATES AND AIR REGARDLESS OF TYPES AND AMOUNTS OF MINERAL FILLERS AND ASPHALT USED. THE PROCEDURES PERMITTED AN EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF MINERAL FILLERS AND ASPHALT ON COMPACTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PAVING MIXTURES. THE RELATIVE EFFECTS OF MINERAL FILLER AND ASPHALT ON PROPERTIES OF PAVING MIXTURES CONTAINING CONSTANT VOLUME PROPORTIONS OF MIXTURE COMPONENTS WERE THEN DETERMINED. BOTH SAND ASPHALT AND ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVING MIXTURES WERE STUDIED. MIXTURES WERE PREPARED WITH NO ADDED MINERAL FILLER, AND WITH VARYING AMOUNTS OF LIMESTONE DUST, HYDRATED LIME, KAOLIN CLAY, ASBESTOS, AND FULLER'S EARTH. VARYING AMOUNTS OF DIFFERENT VISCOSITY ASPHALTS WERE USED IN THE MIXTURES. TEST RESULTS PRESENTED AND DISCUSSED INDICATE PRONOUNCED AND VARYING EFFECTS WHICH MINERAL FILLERS AND ASPHALTS HAVE ON PAVING MIXTURE PROPERTIES. /AUTHOR/
Technology update II: Wire systems diagnostics &amp; prognostics (2003)

The Aviation industry is gradually realizing some of the benefits from wire husbandry as they include it in their maintenance programs. Individual operators are also beginning to incorporate both zonal visual inspection procedures and advanced diagnostic tooling practices into their maintenance programs. Visual inspection, although only 25% effective is being used to check for wire contamination, combustibles and wire degradation from adverse human actions and operational environment. VSWReflectometry (VSWR) in conjunction with automatic test equipment (ATE) is 95% effective in finding, defining and locating wire system faults. Although this represents a quantum step forward in conducting maintenance on a per aircraft basis true value will not be realized until the full complement of software support programs are placed into service. To truly realize the benefit of advanced test equipment a database of fleet wide information must be established and used for future diagnostic, prognostic, verification and related purposes. Analytical software programs must be developed which brings prognostics as a decision-maker into the wire husbandry program based on fleet information. The obvious software programs such as useful remaining life, trend analysis and performance standards will at first be based on fleet averages of individual systems performance. Further programs will be developed based on individual needs of the particular operator. Both A.C. and D.C. software driven test patterns are used to define wire systems degradation with the sensed data available for downloading and processing. Single ended testing using VSWReflectometry is generally used on balanced circuits and can define fault, fault location and failed components at this time. It is usually used when a single system is being tested at any of the 3 levels o
Filtering Continuous Glucose Monitoring Signal Using Savitzky-Golay Filter and Simple Multivariate Thresholding (2016)

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that causes critical health complications like renal failure, heart disease, stroke, and blindness. For precluding the adverse effects of diabetes mellitus, humans use continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMS) that represent a method of measuring blood glucose concentrations under real-life conditions. Glucose monitoring is an essential component of diabetes care but there are some limitations on accuracy. Accuracy possibly is restricted owing to manufacturing variances, storage, and aging. Because of their limitations on the environment, like temperature or elevation or to patient factors such as incorrect coding, wrong hand washing, unchangeable hematocrit, or inherently resulting interfering substances. Furthermore, exogenous interfering substances may also contribute errors to the system evaluation of blood glucose, as delay time, random fluctuations and noise concerned with sensor physics and chemistry. This paper suggests De-noising methods Savitzky-Golay Filter with Simple Multivariate Thresholding methods to remove all types of noise in CGM signal. This work has been commented with simulated data received from Glucosim that is an educational software package that simulates blood glucose and insulin dynamics in healthy individuals and patients with type 1 diabetes and approved with the Peak signal to noise ratio.
On using game theory to optimize the rate control in video coding (2006)

This paper presents a game theory based technique for optimizing the bit rate control in video coding. Game theory, by virtue of its enormous potential for solving constrained optimization problems, has been effectively utilized in several branches of natural and social sciences. But this paper is the first attempt in using game theory for video compression. The objective is to optimize the perceptual quality while guaranteeing "fairness" in bit allocation among macroblocks (MBs). The proposed technique is a dual-level rate control algorithm: At the first level, the algorithm allocates the target bits to frames based on their coding complexity; a method to estimate the coding complexity of the remaining frames is proposed. At the second level, MBs of a frame play cooperative games such that each MB competes for a fair share of resources (bits) to optimize its quantization scale while considering the human visual system (HVS) perceptual property. We formulate the rate control problem by defining players, strategies and objective function. Since the whole frame is an entity perceived by viewers, MBs compete cooperatively under a global objective of achieving the best quality with the given bit constraint. The major advantage of the proposed approach is that the cooperative game leads to an optimal and fair bit allocation strategy based on the Nash bargaining solution. Another advantage is that it allows multi-objective optimization with multiple decision makers (e.g., MBs) in order to achieve accurate bit rate with good perceptual quality while maintaining a stable buffer level. Several extensions of the work are possible.
Effects of Previous Antiresorptive Therapy on the Bone Mineral Density Response to Two Years of Teriparatide Treatment in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis (2007)

Teriparatide induces positive effects on BMD and markers of bone formation in postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis, regardless of previous long-term exposure to antiresorptive therapies.
Wellenausbreitung (1963)

Das Prinzip der Verknüpfung der Felder mit den Strömen im Erdboden haben wir bereits auf S.176 kennengelernt. Hier soll nun vom Verhalten der Bodenwelle die Rede sein.
A ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1A) antagonist attenuates the rewarding properties of morphine and increases opioid peptide levels in reward areas in mice (2015)

Gut-brain hormones such as ghrelin have recently been suggested to have a role in reward regulation. Ghrelin was traditionally known to regulate food intake and body weight homoeostasis. In addition, recent work has pin-pointed that this peptide has a novel role in drug-induced reward, including morphine-induced increase in the extracellular levels of accumbal dopamine in rats. Herein the effect of the ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1A) antagonist, JMV2959, on morphine-induced activation of the mesolimbic dopamine system was investigated in mice. In addition, the effects of JMV2959 administration on opioid peptide levels in reward related areas were investigated. In the present series of experiment we showed that peripheral JMV2959 administration, at a dose with no effect per se, attenuates the ability of morphine to cause locomotor stimulation, increase the extracellular levels of accumbal dopamine and to condition a place preference in mice. JMV2959 administration significantly increased tissue levels of Met-enkephalin-Arg(6)Phe(7) in the ventral tegmental area, dynorphin B in hippocampus and Leu-enkephalin-Arg(6) in striatum. We therefore hypothesise that JMV2959 prevents morphine-induced reward via stimulation of delta receptor active peptides in striatum and ventral tegmental areas. In addition, hippocampal peptides that activate kappa receptor may be involved in JMV2959׳s ability to regulate memory formation of reward. Given that development of drug addiction depends, at least in part, of the effects of addictive drugs on the mesolimbic dopamine system the present data suggest that GHS-R1A antagonists deserve to be elucidated as novel treatment strategies of opioid addiction.
Glycosyltransferase and glycosidase activities in ovarian cancer patients. (1979)

In order to elucidate the mechanism of appearance of abnormal glycoproteins in cancer, activities of glycoprotein glycosyltransferases and glycosidases were determined in the homogenates prepared from normal ovaries and ovarian epithelial adenocarcinoma. Significantly high activities (more than normal mean + 2 S.D.) of these enzymes were found as follows: galactosyltransferase and sialytransferase in 100%; fucosyltransferase 1 (exogenous acceptor, fetuin minus sialic acid and galactose) in 86%; fucosyltransferase 2 (fetuin minus sialic acid, acceptor) in 45%; N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 (ovalbumin acceptor) in 53%; N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 (ribonuclease A as acceptor) in 10% of the samples analyzed. Among the glycosidases, substantially elevated activities above normal controls were found as follows: N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase in 85%; N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminidase in 63%; N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosidase in 50%, and those of alpha-L-fucosidase in 35% of the tumors. In serum of these cancer patients, only levels of galactosyltransferase were consistently elevated compared to controls. Increases in serum levels for other transferases were as follows: fucosyl-1, 10%; fucosyl-2, 60%; sialyl-, 20%; N-acetylglucosaminyl-1, 90%; N-acetylglycosaminyl-2, in 80% of the serum samples from ovarian carcinoma patients. Galactosyltransferase thus appears to be an excellent marker for ovarian carcinoma.
Coverage based safe regression test selection method for Python programs (2017)

Regression testing is a type of testing that aims to verify that the existing test suite will not find any defects in a modified program. Regression tests are usually run after each program modification and may take lots of processing time to complete. Regression test selection is a process where only a relevant subset of tests are selected from the test suite for execution with the goal of reducing the time the regression test execution takes. Safe regression test selection methods are one that can prove that none of the deselected test cases would have found any defects, so that running them is not necessary.\n\n\nResearchers have proposed multiple different methods for safe and unsafe regression test selection. Many of them require control flow graph or similar information that can be extracted during code compilation step. Therefore most of these methods are unsuitable for dynamically typed programming languages where that information can not be extracted.\n\n\nThis thesis presents a test coverage based regression test selection method that can be used with interpreted programming languages. The presented method does not require any changes to tested program's source code. The presented method's test selection precision was tested with existing medium sized proprietary web application, and the results are somewhat mixed. The overhead imposed by the coverage based test selection method increased the test suite's execution time significantly. The test selection method managed to select a small subset of the test suite roughly half of the time. In the other half of the time the test selection had to re-run all tests.
Vascular Adhesion Protein-1 and ICAM-1 Support the Adhesion of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes to Tumor Endothelium in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (1998)

T cell-mediated mechanisms are important in the defense against solid organ tumors. Why some tumors are more heavily infiltrated by T cells than others is poorly understood but is likely to depend upon adhesive interactions between circulating lymphocytes and tumor endothelium. In support of this hypothesis, the present study shows that primary human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) are more heavily infiltrated with T cells than colorectal hepatic metastases (CHM), and that their tumor vessels express high levels of several adhesion molecules. In HCC, an intense T cell infiltrate is observed within the tumor associated with strong expression of ICAM-1 and vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) on tumor endothelium. In contrast, fewer T cells infiltrated CHM and these tumors have little ICAM-1 and no detectable VAP-1 or VCAM-1 on tumor endothelium. T cells infiltrating both tumors are LFA-1 and very late Ag (VLA)-4 high. In vitro tissue-binding studies demonstrated that T cells bound readily to tumor endothelium in HCC, and Abs to ICAM-1, VAP-1, and to a lesser extent VCAM-1 could inhibit this binding. VAP-1 supported sialic acid-dependent adhesion under shear stress, suggesting that VAP-1 and ICAM-1 mediate, respectively, tethering and firm adhesion. In contrast, very few T cells bound to tumor vessels in CHM. Thus our data suggest that the VAP-1/VAP-1 receptor and ICAM-1/LFA-1 pathways are important in the recruitment of T cells to HCC. The strong expression of VAP-1 on tumor endothelium distinguishes HCC from CHM and supports our previous hypothesis that VAP-1 is an important hepatic endothelial adhesion molecule.
A Recombinationally Repressed Region Between <i>mat2</i> and <i>mat3</i> Loci Shares Homology to Centromeric Repeats and Regulates Directionality of Mating-Type Switching in Fission Yeast (1997)

Cells of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe switch mating type by replacing genetic information at the transcriptionally active mat1 locus with sequences copied from one of two closely linked silent loci, mat2-P or mat3-M. By a process referred to as directionality of switching, cells predominantly switch to the opposite mat1 allele; the mat1-P allele preferentially recombines with mat3, while mat1-M selects the mat2. In contrast to efficient recombination at mat1, recombination within the adjoining mat2-mat3 interval is undetectable. We defined the role of sequences between mat2 and mat3, designated the K-region, in directionality as well as recombinational suppression. Cloning and sequencing analysis revealed that a part of the K-region is homologous to repeat sequences present at centromeres, which also display transcriptional and recombinational suppression. Replacement of 7.5 kb of the K-region with the ura4+ gene affected directionality in a variegated manner. Analysis of the swi6-mod locus, which was previously shown to affect directionality, in K delta::ura4+ strains suggested the existence of at least two overlapping directionality mechanisms. Our work furthers the model that directionality is regulated by cell-type-specific organization of the heterochromatin-like structure in the mating-type region and provides evidence that the K-region contributes to silencing of the mat2-mat3 interval.
Network-aware data caching and prefetching for cloud-hosted metadata retrieval (2013)

With the overwhelming emergence of data-intensive applications in the Cloud, the wide-area transfer of metadata and other descriptive information about remote data is critically important for searching, indexing, and enumerating remote file system hierarchies, as well as for purposes of data transfer estimation and reservation. In this paper, we present a highly efficient network-aware caching and prefetching mechanism tailored to reduce metadata access latency and improve responsiveness in wide-area data transfers. To improve the maximum requests per second (RPS) handled by the system, we designed and implemented a network-aware prefetching service using dynamically provisioned parallel TCP streams. To improve the performance of accessing local metadata, we designed and implemented a non-blocking concurrent in-memory cache to handle unexpected bursts of requests. We have implemented the proposed mechanisms in the Directory Listing Service (DLS) system---a Cloud-hosted metadata retrieval, caching, and prefetching system, and have evaluated its performance on Amazon EC2 and XSEDE.
An anticipated handoff management mechanism for next generation wireless networks (2008)

In next generation heterogeneous networks, mobiles users want to benefit from all the advantages of the integrated access networks by switching between them dynamically. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme for reducing handoff delay using the received signal strength (RSS) and the mobile station speed to reserve available resources for a user from its adjacent cells according to its current position. The Performances of the proposed scheme are compared with others methods by simulation. Our new scheme reduces not only the handoff blocking probability, but also maintains a low new call blocking probability and high bandwidth utilisation rate.
Fast erase algorithm using flash translation layer in NAND-type flash memory (2011)

Flash memory can be classified into NOR type and NAND type. The NOR type memories enables fast reading with byte level I/O is developed into memory for code storage such as ROM BIOS. The NAND type memories cheaper than NOR type and therefore more widely used to larger scale systems. This paper proposed the new file translation system by making a new file structure which can decrease write operations. This file structure reduced write operation frequency of flash memory in file system layer. We can reduced write operation rate because of a write operation rate can be improved the efficiency of file translation operations. Flash Translation Layer (FTL) is to mapping a logical data address to a physical data address in flash memory, its designed to realize erase policy of data in order to perform write operation. The FTL suggests fast erase algorithm reduced write operation through a new file system structure and FTL programming. In addition, we have made the oldest data clean algorithm and then, the most recent data maintained longest as a result of experiment that the recent applied program. In this result, Data tend to be implemented again through the concept of regional and time space which appears automatically when applied program is implemented. This work proves the efficiency of the file system of NAND type flash memories through experiments. Through experiment and realization of the Flash file system, this scheme proved the efficiency of NAND-type flash file system which is required in an embedded system.
A PERMUTATION PAIRED TEST ALLOWING FOR MISSING VALUES (1995)

Summary The paper presents a paired test of the equality of two means, allowing for incomplete pairs. It is a permutation test depending on minimal distributional assumptions. The test may be performed on original data or after transformation of the data. Transformation to ranks is illustrated.
Accidents and Drug Treatment in a Psychiatric Hospital (1975)

A survey of 351 accidents occurring in a two-year period in a psychiatric hospital showed that 77 per cent of the accidents involved female patients and 48 per cent involved patients with organic psychoses; 236 accidents were falls and 280 occurred in the ward setting. In 277 instances adequate controls were available. Seventy-five per cent of the accident patients had received a psychotropic drug on the day of the accident as opposed to 61 per cent of the controls. The possibility that the side-effects of psychotropic drugs may have contributed to some of these accidents is discussed.
Review: Role of metformin in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome (2010)

Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common endocrinological disorder affecting 4-12% of women and also the most controversial. Metformin was logically introduced to establish the extent to which hyperinsulinaemia influences the pathogenesis of the condition. Early studies were very encouraging. Randomized controlled studies and several metaanalyses have changed the picture and put the drug that was once heralded as magic in a much contracted place. More work is needed to establish its right place in particular with regards to the prevention of many gestational and long-term complications.