gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Lithium in Li1+x[Mn0.720Ni0.175Co0.105]O2 as a Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Battery (2011)

Different amounts of excess lithium in the range of x = 0~0.3 were added to Li 1+x [Mn 0.720 Ni 0.175 Co 0.105 ]O 2 cathode materials synthesized using the co-precipitation method to investigate its microstructure and electrochemical properties. Pure layered structure without impurities was confirmed in the XRD pattern analysis and increasing peak intensity of Li 2 MnO 3 was observed along with the addition of over 0.2 mol Li. The initial discharge capacity of the stoichiometric composition was determined to be 246 mAh/g, while the discharge capacity of the addition of 0.1 mol Li was obtained to be 241 mAh/g, which was not significantly different from that of the stoichiometric composition. However, the discharge capacities decreased dramatically after the addition of 0.2 and 0.3 mol Li to 162 mAh/g and 146 mAh/g, respectively. In the rate capability test, the active Li 1+x [Mn 0.720 Ni 0.175 Co 0.105 ]O 2 cathode material of the stoichiometric composition showed a dramatic decrease in its discharge capacity with increasing C-rate, as evidenced by the result that the discharge capacity at 5C was 13% compared with 0.1C. On the other hand, the discharge capacity of compositions containing excess lithium was improved at higher current rates. The cycling test showed that the composition containing an excess of 0.1 mol Li had the most outstanding capacity retention.
A Fluorescent Confirmation Method for DNA Amplification in PCR through a Fluorescent Pyrophosphate Sensor (2008)

Pyrophosphate (PPi) is involved in several important enzymatic reactions such as the adenylate cyclase catalyzing synthesis of cyclic AMP from ATP, the attachment of a given amino acid to a particular tRNA catalyzed by an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase in protein synthesis, and the DNA replication catalyzed by a DNA polymerase. 1,2 In addition, patients with calcium PPi dihydrate (CPPD) crystals and chondrocalcinosis have been shown to have high synovial fluid PPi levels. 3 Therefore, the selective and sensitive detection of PPi is a prerequisite for monitoring the above enzyme reactions and for diagnosing the diseases related to the release of certain levels of PPi. The most common way to confirm the target nucleic acids amplified after PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is by running a gel electrophoresis. Chemical and enzymatic assays have been developed to verify PCR results. 4-7 However, these methods may be too slow and laborious for quick confirmation of DNA amplification in PCR. PPi detection methods based on the formation of visible precipitates with transition metal ions are insufficiently precise. 8 The colorimetric detection for PPi by 1,10-phenanthroline complex with ferrous ion needs incubation at high temperature. 9
Characterization of the enzyme activity of an extracellular metalloprotease (VMC) from Vibrio mimicus and its C-terminal deletions (2003)

To investigate the enzymatic properties of Vibrio mimicus metalloprotease, the mature metalloprotease gene (vmc) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant protein (rVMC61) was purified by metal affinity chromatography. rVMC61 showed maximum activity at about 37 degrees C, pH 8. The purified rVMC61 was very specific toward collagen substrates, such as gelatin, type I, II, and III collagens and synthetic peptides (Cbz-GPLGP and Cbz-GPGGPA). But it did not show degrading activity toward other biological proteins including lysozyme, lactoferrin and bovine serum albumin. rVMC61 also showed cytotoxicity against CHSE-214 fish cells. To examine the role of the C-terminal region of rVMC61, the 3' end of the metalloprotease gene (vmc) was digested serially with exonuclease III. The truncated vmc derivatives encoding 57-42 kDa of the protease were isolated and overexpressed in E. coli. The collagenase activities of truncated proteins were investigated using gelatin as substrate. Deletion of 100 amino acids from the C-terminus resulted in loss of gelatin degrading activity. However, deletion of 67 amino acids from the C-terminus did not affect its gelatin degrading activity.
The Ignatius environment: supporting the design and development of expert-system user interfaces (1992)

The Ignatius user interface management system, with which designers can create user interfaces for conversational and model-based expert systems, is discussed. Because conversational and model-based expert systems require different approaches to user interface management, Ignatius consists of two separate but communicating tools: the surface interaction manager and the session discourse manager. The interaction manager represents user interface components as objects with attributes. The discourse manager manages the discourse structures of conversational expert systems, structures traditionally regarded as side effects of problem solving. Ignatius was tested by building a user interface to the Antibody Analysis Advisor (A/sup 3/), a conversational expert system that helps laboratory technicians choose analysis techniques for finding antibodies in blood samples. The surface interaction objects, session discourse structure, and an example execution in A/sup 3/ are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Landscape and Society (1968)

Since the appearance of man on the surface of the earth, one can say that the essence of his history lies in the modifications he has gradually introduced into the landscape. Destruction, change and construction: these three elements showed themselves very early on in man's history and, with its development, have taken on an ever clearer and more marked character. If the action of a single man on the environment is already important, then that of a larger number can have modifying and absolutely determinative consequences.
Organization of Mouse <i>Iroquois</i> Homeobox Genes in Two Clusters Suggests a Conserved Regulation and Function in Vertebrate Development (2000)

Iroquois proteins comprise a conserved family of homeodomain-containing transcription factors involved in patterning and regionalization of embryonic tissues in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Earlier studies identified four murine Iroquois (Irx) genes. Here we report the isolation of two additional members of the murine gene family, Irx5 and Irx6. Phylogenetic analysis of the Irx gene family revealed distinct clades for fly and vertebrate genes, and vertebrate members themselves were classified into three pairs of cognate genes. Mapping of the murine Irx genes identified two gene clusters located on mouse chromosomes 8 and 13, respectively. Each gene cluster is represented by three Irx genes whose relative positions within both clusters are strictly conserved. Combined results from phylogenetic, linkage, and physical mapping studies provide evidence for the evolution of two Irx gene clusters by duplication of a larger chromosomal region and dispersion to two chromosomal locations. The maintenance of two cognate Irx gene clusters during vertebrate evolution suggests that their genomic organization is important for the regulation, expression, and function of Irx genes during embryonic development.
Review: Analysis of exhaled breath condensate in respiratory medicine: methodological aspects and potential clinical applications (2007)

Analysis of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a noninvasive method for studying the composition of airway lining fluid and has the potential for assessing lung inflammation. EBC is mainly formed by water vapor, but also contains aerosol particles in which several biomolecules including leukotrienes, 8-isoprostane, prostaglandins, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide-derived products, and hydrogen ions, have been detected in healthy subjects. Inflammatory mediators in EBC are detected in healthy subjects and some of them are elevated in patients with different lung diseases. Analysis of EBC is completely noninvasive, is particularly suitable for longitudinal studies, and is potentially useful for assessing the response to pharmacological therapy. Identification of selective profiles of biomarkers of lung diseases might also have a diagnostic value. However, EBC analysis currently has important limitations. The lack of standardized procedures for EBC analysis and validation of some analytical techniques makes it difficult comparison of results from different laboratories. Analysis of EBC is currently more useful for relative measures than for quantitative assessment of inflammatory mediators. Reference analytical techniques are required to provide definitive evidence for the presence of some inflammatory mediators in EBC and for their accurate quantitative assessment in this biological fluid. Several methodological issues need to be addressed before EBC analysis can be considered for clinical applications. However, further research in this area is warranted due to the relative lack of noninvasive methods for assessing lung inflammation.
The behavior of sex chromosomes in two human X-autosome translocations: failure of extensive X-inactivation spreading. (2001)

Two patients, one adult male and one infant girl, bearing different X-autosome translocations, were studied with cytogenetical, ultrastructural and chromosome-painting techniques. The adult male, is a carrier of a reciprocal, balanced translocation involving the X and #2 chromosomes: 46,Y,t(X;2) (q13;p21). This man showed infertility with spermatogenesis arrest at the spermatocyte stage. Synaptonemal complex analysis at pachytene showed the quadrivalent structure and the putative breakage points. Sex-chromatin condensation did not spread towards the autosomal regions of the quadrivalent. The female infant showed diminished body growth and multiple somatic anomalies. She is a 45,Xp-,t(X;21)(p11;p13) carrier, an unbalanced translocation involving chromosomes X and #21, which leads to a monosomy of almost all Xp. The translocated #21 is practically complete, and its centromere is the active one in the rearranged product. The analysis of interphase nuclei with the X-centromere probe shows that the Xq region of the rearranged chromosome is the late -replicating and inactive element. However, X-inactivation does not spread to the attached #21, as shown by the R-banding pattern. Thus, both in the male adult and in the female infant there is a barrier to the spreading effect of X-chromosome inactivation, which is probably due to different mechanisms.
Effect of Weight Loss without Salt Restriction on the Reduction of Blood Pressure in Overweight Hypertensive Patients (1978)

Overweight patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension were followed up biweekly for six months: 24 not receiving antihypertensive-drug therapy (Group I) and 83 on regular but inadequate (despite drug manipulation) antihypertensive-drug therapy (Group II). All patients in Group I and 57 randomly selected patients from group II (IIa) participated in a weight-reduction program. The remaining 26 from Group II (IIb) did not receive a dietary program. Salt intake was in the normal range in all three groups. All patients on the dietary program lost at least 3 kg (mean, 10.5 kg), and all but two showed a meaningful reduction in blood pressure; 75 per cent of Group I and 61 per cent of Group IIa returned to normal blood pressure. The weight and blood-pressure reductions were highly significant (P less than 0.001), were present in both sexes and all ages, and were directly associated. In Group IIb, no significant change in blood pressure or weight occurred (P greater than 0.30).
10-Gb/s Inductorless CDRs With Digital Frequency Calibration (2008)

Two 10-Gb/s inductorless clock and data recovery (CDR) circuits using different gated digital-controlled oscillators (GDCO) are presented. A digital frequency calibration is adopted to save the power consumption and chip area. They have been fabricated in 0.18-mum CMOS process. By using the complementary gating technique, the first CDR circuit occupies an active area of 0.16 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and draws 36 mW from a 1.8 V supply. The measured rms jitter and peak-to-peak jitter is 8.5 ps and 42.7 ps , respectively. By using the quadrature gating technique, the second CDR circuit consumes an active area of 0.25 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and its power consumption of 56 mW. The measured rms jitter and peak-to-peak jitter is 3.4 ps and 21.8 ps, respectively. The power of the second CDR circuit is higher than that of the first one but its jitter is reduced.
Simethicone use during gastrointestinal endoscopy: Position statement of the Gastroenterological Society of Australia (2019)

Concern has been raised regarding the use of simethicone, a de-foaming agent, during endoscopic procedures. Following reports of simethicone residue in endoscope channels despite high level disinfection, an endoscope manufacturer recommended that it not be used due to concerns of biofilm formation and a possible increased risk of microorganism transmission. However, a detailed mucosal assessment is essential in performing high-standard endoscopic procedures. This is impaired by bubbles within the gastrointestinal lumen. The Gastroenterological Society of Australia's Infection Control in Endoscopy Guidelines (ICEG) Committee conducted a literature search utilizing the MEDLINE database. Further references were sourced from published paper bibliographies. Following a review of the available evidence, and drawing on extensive clinical experience, the multidisciplinary ICEG committee considered the risks and benefits of simethicone use in formulating four recommendations. Published reports have documented residual liquid or crystalline simethicone in endoscope channels after high level disinfection. There are no data confirming that simethicone can be cleared from channels by brushing. Multiple series report benefits of simethicone use during gastroscopy and colonoscopy in improving mucosal assessment, adenoma detection rate, and reducing procedure time. There are no published reports of adverse events related specifically to the use of simethicone, delivered either orally or via any endoscope channel. An assessment of the risks and benefits supports the continued use of simethicone during endoscopic procedures. Strict adherence to instrument reprocessing protocols is essential.
Mechanical and bulk properties of intact rock collected in the laboratory in support of the Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project (1994)

A comprehensive laboratory investigation is determining the mechanical properties of tuffs for the Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project (YMP). Most recently, experiments have been performed on tuff samples from a series of drill holes along the planned alignment of the Exploratory Study Facilities (ESF) north ramp. Unconfined compression and indirect tension experiments were performed and the results are being analyzed with the help of bulk property information. The results on samples from eight of the drill holes are presented. In general, the properties vary widely, but are highly dependent on the sample porosity. The developed relationships between mechanical properties and porosity are powerful tools in the effort to model the rock mass response of Yucca Mountain to the emplacement of the potential high-level radioactive waste repository.
Percutaneous vertebroplasty in patients with osteolytic metastases or multiple myeloma. (1997)

Vertebro- plasty is simple and effective for the treatment of osteolytic metastases and multiple myeloma lesions, but should be performed only in centers with neurosurgical and/or orthopedic surgery units because of the possibility of severe complications.
Toxicology and health risks of hydroquinone in skin lightening formulations (2005)

ABSTRACT Background Hydroquinone has been used for decades as a skin lightening agent. As a result of concerns about mid‐term effects like leukomelanoderma en confetti and exogenous ochronosis, its use in cosmetics has been banned since January 2001. Objective Until recently no attention was paid to potential long‐term side‐effects, despite the fact that there are indications that these may exist. It was decided that a clearer picture of these potential long term effects was needed. Methods A literature search was conducted with an emphasis on the biochemistry and toxicology of hydroquinone, benzene and related molecules. Results It appeared that since 1996 an enormous amount of articles have been published on the carcinogenicity of hydroquinone, benzene and related molecules. The literature search on hydroquinone as a skin lightening agent suggests that possible long‐term effects like carcinogenesis may be expected. Conclusion The risks of long‐term effects (cancer) of topically applied hydroquinone may no longer be ignored. Based on recent evidence of the potential risks, which are higher than has been assumed up until now, we plead that the use of hydroquinone as a skin lightening agent will be stopped completely.
A Short, One-Pot Synthesis of Bupropion (Zyban, Wellbutrin) (2000)

A one-pot synthesis of (±)-2-(t-butylamino)-3'-chloropropiophenone (bupropion) as its hydrochloride salt (Zyban, Wellbutrin), an important antidepressant drug used in the treatment of nicotine addiction, is described. The procedure, suitable for students in their first year of organic chemistry, can be carried out in less than two hours and provides material of high purity in overall yield of 75-85%. A solution of m-chloropropiophenone in CH2Cl2 is treated with Br2. After removal of the solvent, t-butylamine and N-methylpyrrolidinone are added and the mixture is warmed briefly, quenched with water, and extracted with ether. Concentrated HCl is added to the ether solution to precipitate the product.
Milk fat components: possible chemopreventive agents for cancer and other diseases. (1996)

Milk fat contains a number of components such as sphingomyelin, conjugated linoleic acid, butyric acid, ether lipids, vitamin A, β-carotene and vitamin D which have the potential to inhibit the process of carcinogenesis. Some also possess antiatherogenic and immunomodulating properties and may be beneficial in preventing other degenerative diseases. This review examines animal studies, human and animal cell culture studies, mechanisms, and other relevant evidence which supports this contention. To ascertain if benefit is in fact derived from these components, available evidence from animal models of colon, mammary, and skin tumorigenesis which compared the tumorigenic potential of linoleic acid-rich vegetable oils and margarine with milk fat and butter was examined. The evidence indicates that compared with linoleic acid-rich vegetable oils and margarine, milk fat and butter inhibit tumorigenesis. The review examines the potential for the dairy cow to extract potent chemopreventive substances from pasture and feedstuff and transfer them to milk for human consumption. As an example β-ionone from lucerne has anticarcinogenic properties and may play a role in lowering blood cholesterol levels. Gossypol from cottonseed meal and genistein from soybean meal both act as anticarcinogenic agents.
Primary structure of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein L31 (1978)

Protein L31 from the 50S ribosomal subunit of Escherichia coli was manually sequenced by the dansyl-Edman method. Owing to the availability of only small quantities of purified L31, sequencing methods were scaled down such that the entire primary structure could be determined with 700 microgram of protein. The techniques employed are described in detail. The protein consists of a single chain of 62 amino acids, with a calculated molecular weight of 6967. Four half-cystine residues were identified at positions 16, 18, 37, and 40. Evidence is presented that suggests that these residues form two disulfide bridges in the protein, as isolated.
Role of MAPK in apolipoprotein CIII-induced apoptosis in INS-1E cells (2009)

It is suggested that elevated circulating apoCIII levels may contribute to beta-cell apoptosis via activation of p38 and ERK1/2 in individuals with T2DM. Therapies aiming at normalizing levels of apoCIII could be beneficial not only for the function of the beta-cell but also for cardiovascular protection.
<title>Output devices for electro-holography</title> (1992)

The generation of dynamic holographic images from an electrically modulated output device poses certain technical problems. Potential solutions to these problems in the form of novel spatial light modulators will be discussed here. The application of semiconductor very large scale integration circuit fabrication techniques to the production of an integrated optic electro- holography output device is presented, including mask generation and electrode pattern production using holographic means.
VLSI layout compaction with conditional constraints (1991)

The authors attempt to find a compaction algorithm that can suitably handle conditional constraints, such that the area of the compacted layout can be smaller than that made by traditional compactors. While the algorithm has many potential applications, the focus is on its application to the compaction of multiple-layer routings. The constraints imposed by conditional constraints make the automatic compaction of layout much more difficult than when the usual minimum separation constraints are applied. To solve the problem, the authors first formulate each conditional spacing constraint with a set of arcs in the constraint graph representation. It is proven that finding the optimal solution in general cases is NP-complete. The authors then propose a heuristic algorithm of compaction which can efficiently obtain a good solution.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Integrated capacitive sensors using charge-redistribution sense techniques (1992)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1992.
Complementing sleep (2004)

New research published in a major medical journal shows that among patients being treated for lymphoma, those who took part in seven weekly sessions of yoga needed fewer drugs to help them go to sleep. Emma White reports
Structure of suriclone, a benzodiazepine receptor agonist (1988)

6-(7-Chloro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-4-methyl-7- oxo-5H-1,4-dithiino[2,3-c]-pyrrol-5-yl-1-piperazinecarboxylic++ + acid, C20H20C1N5-O3S2, Mr = 477.9, triclinic, P1, a = 8.7066 (3), b = 9.7665 (8), c = 14.2515 (16) A, alpha = 80.986 (9), beta = 75.168 (6), gamma = 65.884 (5) degrees, V = 1067.4 (2) A3, Z = 2, F(000) = 496, room temperature, Dm = 1.482, D chi = 1.487 g cm-3, lambda(Cu K alpha) = 1.54178 A, Ni filter, mu = 36.3 cm-1, R = 0.053, omega R = 0.070 for the 3538 reflections included in the refinement. Comparisons of the structures of the two enantiomers of suriclone and the active conformer of the 1,4-benzodiazepine anxiolytics allow the identification of the active form of suriclone as the R isomer.