gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Judith Jarvis Thomson on Abortion; a Libertarian Perspective (2018)

Introduction: Judith Jarvis Thompson, an eminent philosopher from MIT, has written the most widely cited article of all those ever written about abortion. She likens the fetus to a trespasser. Suppose you wake up in bed next to a famous violinist who is (innocently) connected to your kidney, through a sort of umbilical cord, without which he will die. What rights does he have? What obligations do you have? Using this brilliant analogy to pregnancy, she sheds light on the abortion controversy. Method: The method used in the present paper is to widely quote Thompson’s (1971) essay, and then to distinguish it from a libertarian analysis of the pro-choice, and pro-life positions on abortion. Discussion: The present essay is an attempt to distinguish Thompson (1971) from a libertarian analysis of abortion. I offer a third alternative: evictionism. Here, the mother may evict the fetus from the womb at any time she wishes, since she is the sole owner of the “terrain.” She has private property rights over her own body. Conclusion: Although there are some strong parallels between the two approaches, there are also important differences. Thompson (1971), then, is not entirely congruent with the libertarian philosophy. To wit, she fails to recognize the libertarian insight that abortion is actually a complex act, consisting of two parts, one licit, the other illicit. The first is eviction of the fetus from the mother. The second constitutes murdering the fetus, when mere eviction could separate the two. However, her violinist example is congruent with this philosophy.
Simplified flow cytometric method for fetal hemoglobin containing red blood cells (2000)

Assay of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) and/or HbF containing red blood cells (F+ cells) is essential for monitoring sickle cell and thalassemic patients, especially during treatment with HbF stimulators. Some previous flow cytometric methods contain several washing steps. This simplified method contains no washing step and takes less than an hour to perform. The %F+ cells in five mixtures of fetal red blood cells with adult red blood cells were nonsignificantly different in the original and simplified procedure. The %F+ cells of 12 patients compared in these two procedures were also not significantly different. The intra- and interassay %CVs do not exceed 3% and 7% respectively. EDTA, citrate, or heparin is suitable as anticoagulant and the samples can be stored at 4 degrees C for up to 2 weeks. The %F+ cells and %HbF [by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)] of 83 samples were highly significantly correlated regardless of diagnosis. In conclusion, this new simplified flow cytometric method for F+ cells is simple, convenient, rapid, reproducible, and could be applied for monitoring sickle cell and thalassemic patients as an alternative to HPLC, where this is unavailable. It can also be applied as a fetal cell assay in fetomaternal hemorrhage.
Self-Assembling Behavior of Amphiphilic Dendron Coils in the Bulk Crystalline and Liquid Crystalline States (2008)

We prepared a series of amphiphilic dendron coils (1-3) containing aliphatic polyether dendrons with octadecyl peripheries and a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) coil (DP = 44). The molecular design in this study is focused on the variation of dendron generation (from first to third) with a fixed linear coil, upon which the thermal and self-assembling behavior of the dendron coils was investigated in the bulk. All the dendron coils exhibit two crystalline phases designated as k1 (both crystalline octadecyl chains and PEO) and k2 states (crystalline octadecyl chains and molten PEO). Crystallinities for both octadecyl peripheries and the PEO decrease as generation increases. In particular, the dendron coil (3) containing third generation shows a drastic reduction of the PEO crystallinity, which is attributed to the considerable chain folding and plasticization effects by the largest hydrophilic dendritic core segment. All the crystalline phases are bilayered lamellar morphologies. On going from k1 to k2, the periodic lamellar thickness decreases in the dendron coil (1) with first generation, but interestingly increases in 3. After melting of octadecyl peripheries, 1 shows no mesophase (i.e., liquid crystalline phase). Additionally, dendron coil 2 (3) displays a network cubic mesophase with Ia3d symmetry (micellar cubic with Pm3n) which is transformed into a lamellar (hexagonal columnar) mesophase upon heating. Remarkably, the temperature-dependent mesomorphic behavior in 2 and 3 is a completely reverse pattern in comparison with conventional linear-linear block copolymers. The unusual bulk morphological phenomena in the crystalline and liquid crystalline phases can be elucidated by the dendron coil architecture and the associated coil conformational energy.
Automatic Tortuosity-Based Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening System (2008)

Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is an infant disease characterized by increased dilation and tortuosity of the retinal blood vessels. Automatic tortuosity evaluation from retinal digital images is very useful to facilitate an ophthalmologist in the ROP screening and to prevent childhood blindness. This paper proposes a method to automatically classify the image into tortuous and non-tortuous. The process imitates expert ophthalmologists' screening by searching for clearly tortuous vessel segments. First, a skeleton of the retinal blood vessels is extracted from the original infant retinal image using a series of morphological operators. Next, we propose to partition the blood vessels recursively using an adaptive linear interpolation scheme. Finally, the tortuosity is calculated based on the curvature of the resulting vessel segments. The retinal images are then classified into two classes using segments characterized by the highest tortuosity. For an optimal set of training parameters the prediction is as high as 100%.
Sealed Lithium Inorganic Battery (1976)

Abstract : Studies were continued of the effects of hardware materials on the storage and discharge characteristics of Li/SOCl2 cells. Two effects were considered in particular: the ability of the hardware surface to carry the reduction of thionyl chloride when in contact with lithium (self discharge) and the corrosion of hardware materials resulting in the formation of soluble iron species and secondary iron deposits on the anode surface (anode passivation). The results are presented for 304 stainless steel showing a significant rate of self discharge due to the reduction of thionyl chloride and an insignificant influence of the hardware corrosion on the anode passivation on storage. The tests with Kovar showed so far a negligible rate of iron generation in the electrolyte, when the Kovar hardware components are in contact with either lithium or carbon electrode. The tests in progress should show soon if Kovar is any different from the other materials in reducing thionyl chloride (self discharge) during storage at various temperatures.
Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Properties of Magnetic Nano Supported Molybdat Sulfuric Acid (Fe 3 O 4 @MSA NPs) in Base Catalyzed Synthesized of 2-Substituted aryl(amino) and (indolyl) Kojic Acid Derivatives under Solvent-free Conditions (2016)

Magnetic nanoparticle-supported molybdate sulfuric acid (MNPs-MSA) was synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The catalytic activity of MNPs-MSA was investigated as a recoverable catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of novel 2-substituted aryl (amino) and aryl (indolyl) kojic acid derivatives from the reaction of aldehydes with aniline or indole and kojic acid in high yield at room temperature under solvent-free conditions Abstract should briefly state the purpose of the research, the principal results, and the major conclusions of the study.
Arterial embolisation in the treatment of malignant tumours. (1981)

Arterial embolisation is performed in order to interfere with the blood supply and growth of tumours and also to palliate the pain produced by them. In the present study 5 patients with liver metastases, 6 patients with renal tumours and 1 patient with bleeding from the rectum were treated by arterial embolisation with gelatin (Gelfoam). Before embolisation angiography was performed in all and computerized tomography in some of the patients. The control examinations and repetitive procedures were performed 2-4 weeks afterwards and there after according to the response. The effectiveness of the embolisation was assessed by angiography as good in 70% of the cases. Out of 5 patients examined with CT in 4 the tumour was found to have become smaller. The procedure eliminated pain caused by the enlarged liver in all 5 patients, stopped the rectal bleeding, and the subjective condition of all patients improved. Pain produced by the postembolisation syndrome occurred in all cases, but repeated embolisations did not result in further pain. Serious complications did not occur.
Modeling hydraulic fracturing and induced seismicity in unconventional reservoirs using multiphase fluid-flow simulations (2015)

Summary This paper presents the application of the multiphase fluid flow simulator BOAST to model hydraulic fracturing in unconventional reservoirs. By injecting fluids into a reservoir, the pore pressure increases and a set of fractures are generated creating pathways where hydrocarbons can flow to a producing well, enhancing oil or gas recovery. To simulate fracture propagation, it is considered that, once pore pressure becomes greater than a breakdown pressure on a certain cell, that cell is fractured and becomes a micro-seismic source. Consequently, porosity and permeability need to be updated. For a given spatial distribution of weak stress zones defined in terms of a breakdown pore pressure criterion, the flow simulations allowed to predict the spatio-temporal distribution of the micro-seismic events caused by hydraulic fracturing. Both uniform and fractal spatial distributions of weak stress zones are considered in the simulations. In this work, the reservoir was considered a shaly sand depending on the clay content. Permeability was assumed to be anisotropic and was obtained from first principles as a function of porosity and grain sizes. The numerical examples analyze the hydraulic fracturing procedure in a gas reservoir for uniform and fractal breakdown distributions, and study the influence of the petrophysical properties update and the initial water saturation on the spatio-temporal distribution of the microseismic events.
Chromosome 13 abnormalities in multiple myeloma are mostly monosomy 13 (2000)

Chromosome 13 abnormalities are frequently observed in multiple myeloma (MM). Several reports recently demonstrated the strong prognostic value of these abnormalities, associated with a short survival. Cytogenetic studies have shown that most of these abnormalities are complete monosomies. In order to define the common minimal deletion, we analysed a series of 234 patients with MM using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a panel of five probes mapping along the whole chromosome 13. A chromosome 13 abnormality was observed in 98 patients (42%), 90 of whom (92%) displayed a complete monosomy. In seven of the eight remaining patients presenting partial deletions, the three probes specific for the 13q14 region were deleted. Only one patient (1%) displayed a small deletion of the D13S319 locus. In conclusion, FISH should be used for the analysis of chromosome 13 abnormalities, using probes mapping in the 13q14 region.
The Value of Life (2006)

First published in 1985. Medical ethics is a vitally important subject and currently a highly controversial one. Recent cases have highlighted both the intellectual and moral challenges posed by the dilemmas of modern medicine and their significance for us all. John Harris fives a fully up-to-date survey of the issues in this crucial field of applied ethics, including in vitro fertilisation and experimentation on human embryos.
Coexistence of different forms ofNa,K‐ATPase in two‐dimensional membrane crystals (1990)

Two-dimensional membrane crystals of renal Na,K-ATPase were analyzed by electron microscopy and image processing. The particular property of the crystals in this work was that they showed unit cell parameters similar to the previously studied p21 crystals but lacked the dyad axis as observed in nominal 0 degrees-projections. A three-dimensional reconstruction revealed that structural differences between alpha beta-units of the enzyme gave rise to the asymmetry. A high degree of two-fold rotational symmetry was observed in the middle of the structure while the protein units had different three-dimensional shapes at levels above and below the central sections. The simultaneous coexistence of different forms of Na,K-ATPase suggests that the conformational flexibility of the enzyme plays an important role in the pumping process.
Crry/p65, a Membrane Complement Regulatory Protein, Has Costimulatory Properties on Mouse T Cells (2000)

It is known that certain type I membrane molecules (complement receptors type 1 and 2) belonging to the regulators of complement activation (RCA) family are involved in the regulation of B lymphocyte activation. In contrast, only GPI-anchored RCA molecules (CD55) have been described to be involved in T lymphocyte activation. In this study, we describe a novel function for the mouse RCA type I membrane protein Crry/p65 as a costimulatory molecule in CD4+ T cell activation. This is shown by increased anti-CD3-induced proliferation of CD4+ spleen T lymphocytes in the presence of the Crry/p65-specific mAb P3D2. Furthermore, Ab-induced coligation of Crry/p65 and CD3 favors IL-4 rather than IFN-gamma secretion in these cells. Crry/p65 signaling was also observed regardless of additional Ca2+, protein kinase C, or CD28-mediated costimuli. Analysis of intracellular intermediaries shows that Crry/p65-CD3 coligation enhances certain TCR/CD3-mediated signals, producing increased early tyrosine phosphorylation of many substrates and enhanced activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-related kinase. These data fit well with the association of Crry/p65 with the tyrosine kinase Lck found in T cell lysates. The epitope recognized by the mAb P3D2 interferes with the protective role of Crry/p65 on C3 deposition. The relationship between protective function and costimulation by Crry/p65 is discussed. Our results support a multifunctional role for Crry/p65 in T cells and suggest new links between the natural and adaptive immune responses.
Hydrocarbon Generation as a Mechanism for Overpressuring in Rocky Mountain Region (1987)

Overpressured reservoirs are present in the deeper parts of most basins in the Rocky Mountain region. A variety of conditions can cause overpressuring. However, most high pressures in the region are caused by present-day or recently active oil and gas generation or generation in the last few million years in low-permeability rock successions that still contain organic matter capable of yielding thermally generated hydrocarbons. Rocks with above-normal pressure range from Devonian to Tertiary, and commonly are associated with low-permeability (tight) reservoirs. Most of the overpressuring occurs in Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks. Overpressuring in rocks older than Cretaceous is rare and where present only occurs in strata with very rich hydrocarbon source beds such as the D vonian-Mississippian Bakken Formation. Most organically lean pre-Cretaceous source beds are no longer capable of yielding enough hydrocarbons to maintain abnormal pressure. Nearly all overpressured reservoirs and source rocks have temperatures of approximately 200°F (93°C) or higher. In addition, available data indicate that hydrocarbon-related overpressuring does not generally occur if vitrinite reflectance (Ro) values are less than 0.6% in oil-prone strata or less than 0.7% in gas-prone strata. Overpressured gas-bearing strata generally have Ro values of 0.8% or higher. Maximum reservoir pressures are about equal to the fracture gradient pressure in the reservoir rocks. Some vertical fractures in reservoir rocks are probably caused by rapid expulsion of hydrocarbons from the source beds. High pressures in the Rocky Mountain region means that the rock succession is gas or oil saturated, and discrete hydrocarbon-water contacts are generally not present. Classical concepts of hydrodynamics do not appear to be applicable to these overpressured successions. The optimum depths for exploration are generally the upper 1,000-2,000 ft (305-610 m) of the overpressured succession.
The Effects of Rural Residence and Other Social Vulnerabilities on Subjective Measures of Unmet Need (2005)

To determine whether self-reports of unmet need are biased measures of access to health care, the authors examine the relationship between rural residence and perceived need for physician services. They perform logistic regression analyses to examine the likelihood of reporting a need for routine preventive care and/or specialty care using data from the National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs. Even after controlling for factors known to be associated with evaluated need, parents of rural children were less likely to report a need for routine or specialty services. Poor children, those whose mothers had less education, and those who were uninsured in the previous year were also less likely to perceive a need for physician services. Findings suggest that rural residence and other social vulnerabilities are associated with decreased perception of need, which may bias subjective measurements of unmet need for these populations.
Enhanced thermal stability of lichenase from Bacillus subtilis 168 by SpyTag/SpyCatcher-mediated spontaneous cyclization (2016)

This new SpyTag/SpyCatcher cyclization strategy is deemed as a generalized reference for enhancing enzyme stability and can be effectively customized to the cyclization of various enzymes, hence a tremendous potential for successful application in the biocatalytic conversion of biomass to produce fuels and chemicals.
Production and immunogenicity of recombinant ferric enterobactin protein (FepA) (2010)

Significant recognition by the antibody of ferric enterobactin binding protein may lead to its application in the restriction of Enterobacteriaceae propagation.
Channel Estimation in OFDM Systems (2006)

1 OFDM Background 2 2 Baseband Model 2 3 Block-Type Pilot Channel Estimation 4 4 Comb-Type Pilot Channel Estimation 7 5 Other Pilot-Aided Channel Estimations 9 6 Performance Evaluation 10 7 Conclusions 14 8 References 15 This application note gives an overview of the channel estimation strategies used in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Section 1 describes the protocols associated with OFDM systems and the problems posed by such systems. Section 2 through Section 5 describe the various types of channel estimation methods for use in such systems. The implementation complexity and system performance of the methods are studied and compared in Section 6, measuring performance in terms of symbol error rate (SER).
Glucose‐induced water movement from the intracellular to the extracellular space and its influence on calculations of glucose metabolism (1993)

The osmotic effect of intravenous glucose was investigated in eight healthy volunteers. Increases in plasma glucose can induce water movement from the intracellular to the extracellular space. Serum choline esterase was used as an endogenous marker of serum dilution. Intravenous tests with 5, 15, 30 and 35 g of glucose showed that the water shift was proportional to the amount infused. The respective dilutions of choline esterase were 1.3 +/- 0.7%, 3.3 +/- 0.9%, 6.3 +/- 0.8% and 7.8 +/- 0.5%. The effect on extracellular water was maintained when plasma glucose remained elevated (inhibition of insulin secretion with a somatostatin analogue). In comparison to glucose, infusion of 10 g of a mixture of amino acids produced a less pronounced effect than expected. The acute water shift after intravenous glucose dilutes serum components including glucose (8% of total extracellular glucose at 35 g). This can be misinterpreted as glucose clearance when calculating metabolic rates. For estimated amounts a proportional correction should be made (3.5% per 5 mmol l-1 increase). A measured plasma glucose of 22.2 mmol l-1 should be corrected to 24.8 mmol l-1, while a plasma glucose value of 5.0 mmol l-1 needs no correction.
Intrinsic gating of inward rectifier in bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells in the presence or absence of internal Mg2+. (1990)

Inward rectifier (IR) currents were studied in bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells in the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique with extracellular K+ concentrations, [K+]o, ranging from 4.5 to 160 mM. Whether the concentration of free Mg2+ in the intracellular solution, [Mg2+]i, was 1.9 mM or nominally 0, the IR exhibited voltage- and time-dependent gating. The IR conductance was activated by hyperpolarization and deactivated by depolarization. Small steady-state outward IR currents were present up to approximately 40 mV more positive than the K+ reversal potential, EK, regardless of [Mg2+]i. Modeled as a first-order C in equilibrium O gating process, both the opening rate, alpha, and the closing rate, beta, were exponentially dependent on voltage, with beta more steeply voltage dependent, changing e-fold for 9 mV compared with 18 mV for an e-fold change in alpha. Over all [K+]o studied, the voltage dependence of alpha and beta shifted along with EK, as is characteristic of IR channels in other cells. The steady-state voltage dependence of the gating process was well described by a Boltzmann function. The half-activation potential was on average approximately 7 mV negative to the observed reversal potential in all [K+]o regardless of [Mg2+]i. The activation curve was somewhat steeper when Mg-free pipette solutions were used (slope factor, 4.3 mV) than when pipettes contained 1.9 mM Mg2+ (5.2 mV). The simplest interpretation of these data is that IR channels in bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells have an intrinsic gating mechanism that is not due to Mg block.
SHARED LEADERSHIP IN TEAMS: AN INVESTIGATION OF ANTECEDENT CONDITIONS AND PERFORMANCE. (2007)

Shared leadership refers to a team property whereby leadership is distributed among team members rather than focused on a single designated leader. We examined antecedent conditions that lead to th...
Pertussis immunisation and serious acute neurological illness in children. (1981)

The first 1000 cases notified to the National Childhood Encephalopathy Study were analysed. The diagnoses included encephalitis/encephalopathy, prolonged convulsions, infantile spasms, and Reye's syndrome. Eighty-eight of the children had had a recent infectious disease, including 19 with pertussis. Only 35 of the notified children (3.5%) had received pertussis antigen within seven days before becoming ill. Of 1955 control children matched for age, sex, and area of residence, 34 (1.7%) had been immunised with pertussis vaccine within the seven days before the date on which they became of the same age as the corresponding notified child. The relative risk of a notified child having had pertussis immunisation within that time interval was 2.4 (p less than 0.001). Of the 35 notified children, 32 had no previous neurological abnormality. A year later two had died, nine had developmental retardation, and 21 were normal. A significance association was shown between serious neurological illness and pertussis vaccine, though cases were few and most children recovered completely.