gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface doping and stabilization of Si(111) with boron (1989)

We have investigated the incorporation of boron into the Si(111) (\ensuremath{\surd}3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\ensuremath{\surd}3)R30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} surface from low boron concentration up to (1/3 monolayer, using tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy and first-principles total-energy calculations. Surprisingly, we find that a (\ensuremath{\surd}3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\ensuremath{\surd}3)R30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} structure composed almost entirely of Si adatoms on a Si double layer can be stabilized by boron doping in near surface layers. Moreover, when boron atoms are in the surface layers, the adatom site is unfavorable compared with the site underneath the adatom, unlike other group-III elements adsorbed on the Si(111) surface.
Homologs of <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> Chemosensory Genes Have Roles in Behavior and Chemotaxis in the Root-Knot Nematode <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> (2019)

Nematode chemosensation is a vital component of their host-seeking behavior. The globally important phytonematode <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> perceives and responds (via sensory organs such as amphids and phasmids) differentially to various chemical cues emanating from the rhizosphere during the course of host finding. However, compared with the free-living worm <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>, the molecular intricacies behind the plant nematode chemotaxis are a yet-unexploited territory. In the present study, four putative chemosensory genes of <i>M. incognita</i>, namely, <i>Mi-odr-1</i>, <i>Mi-odr-3</i>, <i>Mi-tax-2</i>, and <i>Mi-tax-4</i> were molecularly characterized. <i>Mi-odr-1</i> mRNA was found to be expressed in the cell bodies of amphidial neurons and phasmids of <i>M. incognita</i>. <i>Mi-odr-1</i>, <i>Mi-odr-3</i>, <i>Mi-tax-2</i>, and <i>Mi-tax-4</i> transcripts were highly expressed in early life stages of <i>M. incognita</i>, consistent with a role of these genes in host recognition. Functional characterization of <i>Mi-odr-1</i>, <i>Mi-odr-3</i>, <i>Mi-tax-2</i>, and <i>Mi-tax-4</i> via RNA interference revealed behavioral defects in <i>M. incognita</i> and perturbed attraction to host roots in Pluronic gel medium. Knockdown of <i>Mi-odr-1</i>, <i>Mi-odr-3</i>, <i>Mi-tax-2</i>, and <i>Mi-tax-4</i> resulted in defective chemotaxis of <i>M. incognita</i> to various volatile compounds (alcohol, ketone, aromatic compound, ester, thiazole, pyrazine), nonvolatiles of plant origin (carbohydrate, phytohormone, organic acid, amino acid, phenolic), and host root exudates in an agar-Pluronic gel-based assay plate. In addition, ascaroside-mediated signaling was impeded by downregulation of chemosensory genes. This new information that behavioral response in <i>M. incognita</i> is modulated by specific olfactory genes can be extended to understand chemotaxis in other nematodes.
Ecto-protein kinases and phosphatases: an emerging field for translational medicine (2014)

Progress in translational research has led to effective new treatments of a large number of diseases. Despite this progress, diseases including cancer and cardiovascular disorders still are at the top in death statistics and disorders such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis represent an increasing disease burden in the aging population. Novel strategies in research are needed more than ever to overcome such diseases. The growing field of extracellular protein phosphorylation provides excellent opportunities to make major discoveries of disease mechanisms that can lead to novel therapies. Reversible phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of sites in the extracellular domains of matrix, cell-surface and trans-membrane proteins is emerging as a critical regulatory mechanism in health and disease. Moreover, a new concept is emerging from studies of extracellular protein phosphorylation: in cells where ATP is stored within secretory vesicles and released by exocytosis upon cell-stimulation, phosphorylation of extracellular proteins can operate as a messenger operating uniquely in signaling pathways responsible for long-term cellular adaptation. Here, we highlight new concepts that arise from this research, and discuss translation of the findings into clinical applications such as development of diagnostic disease markers and next-generation drugs.
Referring physicians underestimate the extent of abnormalities in final reports from myocardial perfusion imaging (2012)

Whereas referring physicians gain a good understanding of the general presence versus absence of ischemia and infarction from MPS test reports, they often underestimate the extent of any ischemic or infarcted areas. This may have adverse clinical consequences and thus the language in final reports from MPS tests might be further improved and standardized.
A simple electric thruster based on ion charge exchange (2007)

An electric thruster is presented that makes use of the properties of an asymmetric hollow cathode glow discharge that ejects a collimated plume of high velocity neutral atoms. Ions are accelerated electrostatically outwards from within the asymmetric hollow cathode and undergo charge exchange with the background gas resulting in energetic neutrals being ejected, thus producing thrust. This thruster is entirely self-contained allowing thrust generation and beam neutralization within the discharge. Doppler spectroscopy was used to determine the speed of atomic hydrogen in the plume and was found to produce a specific impulse greater than 3 × 104 s for applied voltages and powers of the order of 5 kV and 100 W, respectively. An estimate of the thrust of 1 mN for a power input in the order of 1 kW was obtained from previously measured ion densities in similar discharges. This work builds on recent work associated with the ejection of high velocity neutrals from hollow cathode discharges. The simple but effective design of the thruster has the potential for large thrust densities as well as successful long term operation.
Reducing the search complexity for low bit rate vector quantization based on shells of Golay codes (2009)

We study in this paper ways to reduce the complexity required by a vector quantization scheme, which uses the shells of Golay codes for coding sub-vectors of the input vector. Such a scheme was recently shown to achieve top performance in terms of segmental SNR in the generic situation of data affected by outliers, which is relevant for the case of audio data in various sub-layers of transform based speech and audio codecs. The optimization of bit allocation and shell selection process can be simplified into a greedy algorithm with a very slight loss of performance over the exact optimal solution. We study here various algorithmic solutions, able to keep a good performance, while drastically reducing the complexity of the previously proposed full search algorithm. 1.
Efficacy and Tolerability of Stavudine plus Lamivudine in Treatment-Naive and Treatment-Experienced Patients with HIV-1 Infection (1998)

Stavudine plus lamivudine seems to have a potent antiviral effect in treatment-naive and treatment-experienced patients. No major drug-limiting toxicity was found. This two-nucleoside combination should be considered in multidrug therapy for HIV.
Nb-Ta-Ti-W-Sn-oxide minerals - monitor of evolution of a peraluminous granite system, Podlesí, Czech Republic (2006)

Chemical compositions of Nb-Ta-Ti-W and Sn minerals from granitic pegmatites are widely studied. Also compositions of these minerals from individual granite intrusions were published many times, but only few studies about evolution of Nb-Ta-TiW phases in fractionated granite suite were performed. The Podlesi granite system (Kruone Hory Mts., Czech Republic, Breiter et al. 2005) gives good opportunity for such study. The studied rocks comprise (a) albite‐topaz‐biotite granites of the main intrusive phase of the Nejdek‐Eibenstock pluton (0.5‐1.0 wt% F, 20-30 ppm Nb, 4-10 ppm Ta, 30-40 ppm Sn), (b) more fractionated albite‐topaz‐protolithionite granites (0.5‐1.2 wt% F, 28-40 ppm Nb, 8-17 ppm Ta, 12-70 ppm Sn), (c) flat dykes of late, extremely fractionated albite‐topaz‐zinnwaldite granites (1.0‐3.0 wt% F, 60-170 ppm Nb, 20-56 Ta, 30-110 ppm Sn). About 400 quantitative electron-microprobe analyses of Nb, Ta, Ti, W and Sn-phases were conducted. Element abundances of W, Mo, P, Nb, Ta, Si, Zr, Th, U, Ti, Al, Sc, Bi, In, Y, Ca, Fe, Mn, Pb and F were determined using a CAMECA SX100 electron microprobe (Masaryk University Brno). The accelerating voltage and beam current were 15 kV and 20 or 40 nA, respectively, with beam diameters from 2 to 5µm. Raw data were converted into concentrations using appropriate PAP matrix corrections. Some additional analyses were performed at CAMECA SX50 (GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam) electron microprobe at similar conditions. Rutile appears in two types. The Nb, Ta-poor rutile I is the only Nb, Ta-bearing phase in the biotite granite and in greisens. Nb reach max 0.1 apfu and Ta max 0.02 apfu (cal
Microfluidic three-dimensional hydrodynamic flow focusing for the rapid protein concentration analysis (2012)

A simple microfluidic 3D hydrodynamic flow focusing device has been developed and demonstrated quantitative determinations of quantum dot 525 with antibody (QD525-antibody) and hemagglutinin epitope tagged MAX (HA-MAX) protein concentrations. This device had a step depth cross junction structure at a hydrodynamic flow focusing point at which the analyte stream was flowed into a main detection channel and pinched not only horizontally but also vertically by two sheath streams. As a result, a triangular cross-sectional flow profile of the analyte stream was formed and the laser was focused on the top of the triangular shaped analyte stream. Since the detection volume was smaller than the radius of laser spot, a photon burst histogram showed Gaussian distribution, which was necessary for the quantitative analysis of protein concentration. By using this approach, a linear concentration curve of QD525-antibody down to 10 pM was demonstrated. In addition, the concentration of HA-MAX protein in HEK293 cell lysate was determined as 0.283 ± 0.015 nM. This approach requires for only 1 min determining protein concentration. As the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to determinate protein concentration by using single molecule detection techniques.
[The role of the magnetic resonance in diagnosis of multiple myeloma]. (2007)

Multiple myeloma comprises syndromes and specific laboratory findings associated with monoclonal proliferation of plasmocytes usually secreting monoclonal protein, ultimately leading to the bone destruction. One of the main diagnostic methods is conventional X-ray of the skeleton. Assessment of bone destruction is mandatory to order a patient to Salmon and Durie clinical staging system. Magnetic resonance (MR), especially sequences surveying the whole skeleton, is the most precise diagnostic tool in imaging of bone marrow and pathologies within. It is a more sensitive, specific and safer method than conventional radiography, which is particularly suitable for detection of secondary osteolytic changes Pattern and intensity of infiltrations in MR is an independent prognostic factor and has been implemented in the modernized clinical staging of multiple myeloma. Similarily, resolution of infiltration in MR due to the treatment is considered as independent prognostic factor. Due to its multiple advantages MR should be a settled diagnostic standard in multiple myeloma.
Undistorted Froude Model for Surf Zone Sediment Transport (1987)

Small scale movable bed wave tank experiments were carried out according to undistorted Froude model laws with the sediment fall time, H/wT, as the governing parameter for scaling the model sediment. Four questions addressed in this study included: (a) the ability to reproduce larger scale model results for both erosional and accretive conditions, (b) the effects of more realistic concave upward initial beach profiles instead of the more usual planar initial slopes, (c) the criterion for onshore-offshore sediment transport, and (d) the capability of the model to simulate post-storm recovery.
Polymer selection for Eustachian tube stent application based on mechanical, thermal and degradation behavior (2021)

Abstract The novel concept of stenting the Eustachian tube was established to provide an effective and safe therapy of Eustachian tube dysfunction. Biodegradable polymer stents are being developed to restore impaired tube function. As the supporting effect may be required for different time periods, PLA-co-PEG copolymers, PLLGA, PDLLA and PDS, having shorter degradation times compared to PLLA, were evaluated as potential stent materials. Since tensile tests and thermal analyses of solvent cast films from PLA-co-PEG copolymers showed comparable properties to PLLA, stent samples were manufactured from these materials. Mechanical stent testing revealed an increase of elastic recoil and slight decrease of collapse pressure compared to PLLA. In a short term accelerated degradation study a considerable percentage molar mass reduction and an increasing degree of crystallinity depending on PEG content was found. Based on the results obtained, the tested polymers offer a promising, faster degradable alternative to the established stent material PLLA.
FSI simulation of intra-ventricular flow in patient-specific ventricular model with both mitral and aortic valves (2013)

Investigating the intra-ventricular flow is the most important to understand the left ventricular function. In this study, we proposed a fluid-structure interaction (FSI) approach to simulate the blood flow in patient-specific model by combining both mitral and aortic valves. To accommodate the large mesh deformation, moving arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) meshes were used for moving ventricular wall and rotating leaflets of valves. The left ventricular wall was predescribed according to the points acquired from magnetic resonance image (MRI). Mitral and aortic valves were integrated into the model by assuming each leaflet as a rigid body. Fluid-structure interaction (FSI) approach was adopted to capture the rapid motion of leaflets. The simulation results were qualitatively similar to the measurements reported in literatures. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first to simulate the patient-specific ventricular flow with the presence of both mitral and aortic valves.
Multiple glycosylated forms of T cell-derived interleukin 3 (IL-3). Heterogeneity of IL-3 from physiological and nonphysiological sources. (1988)

Interleukin 3 (IL-3) derived from mouse T cells was biosynthetically labeled with either [35S]methionine or [3H]mannose, affinity-purified using various anti-IL-3 antibodies, and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Autoradiography revealed the same three major bands with Mr values of 21,500-22,500, 27,000-31,000, and 32,000-36,000, irrespective of whether the anti-IL-3 antibody had been directed to the N or C termini of the IL-3 polypeptide. Bioassay of eluates from the gels confirmed that all three bands exhibited IL-3 bioactivity. IL-3 produced from two nonphysiological sources, the myelomonocytic leukemia WEHI-3B or Cos 7 cells that had been transfected with an IL-3 cDNA clone, had in each case a different pattern of microheterogeneity. Treatment with either tunicamycin or N-glycanase resulted in IL-3 running as one band with Mr 16,000, corresponding to its 140-amino acid polypeptide chain. No evidence for proteolytic processing was detected. These results show that the Mr heterogeneity of IL-3 was highly dependent on the cellular source and is due to N-linked glycosylation.
Model-based normalization for iterative 3D PET image reconstruction (2002)

We describe a method for normalization in 3D PET for use with maximum a posteriori (MAP) or other iterative model-based image reconstruction methods. This approach is an extension of previous factored normalization methods in which we include separate factors for detector sensitivity, geometric response, block effects and deadtime. Since our MAP reconstruction approach already models some of the geometric factors in the forward projection, the normalization factors must be modified to account only for effects not already included in the model. We describe a maximum likelihood approach to joint estimation of the count-rate independent normalization factors, which we apply to data from a uniform cylindrical source. We then compute block-wise and block-profile deadtime correction factors using singles and coincidence data, respectively, from a multiframe cylindrical source. We have applied this method for reconstruction of data from the Concorde microPET P4 scanner. Quantitative evaluation of this method using well-counter measurements of activity in a multicompartment phantom compares favourably with normalization based directly on cylindrical source measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: AGENTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF BRAIN INJURY. 1. (ARYLOXY)ALKANOIC ACIDS (1982)

Abstract Die aus dem Methoxydichlorbenzol (I) zugänglichen Indanone (IV) werden nach Alkylierung zu den Verbindungen (V) in die Indanonyloxy‐carbonsäuren (VI) umgewandelt.
Preparation and Characterization of <i>Camelina sativa</i> Protein Isolates and Mucilage (2017)

Abstract Processes for the production of protein isolates from camerlina Camelina sativa were developed by modifying the procedure used for other seeds from the Brassicaceae family, such as rapeseed and mustard. The procedure consisted of defatting the seed followed by alkaline extraction at pH 11, ultra‐ and diafiltration using a 5‐kDa membrane, isolelectric precipitation of the proteins at pH 5 and recovery of the acid soluble protein isolates (SPI) after further filtration and drying. Protein yields as precipitated protein isolate and SPI were 10.7 and 11.4%, containing 67 and 42%, respectively. Due to the high concentration of mucilage in camelina, a water‐to‐seed ratio of 30 had to be used for protein extraction from the hexane‐defatted seed and most of the mucilage had to be removed prior to the defatting process. A rapid mucilage extraction process using water at 55 °C was developed. Camelina mucilage absorbs water and oil. Viscosity measurements of dried and redissolved mucilage showed the highest values at natural pH, and the viscosity increased rapidly above 1% solids concentration. It may be a useful product in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Inkjet-Printed Diffusion Barrier for Structured Doping Areas from Doped PECVD Silicate Glasses (2012)

This paper presents a novel approach for the formation of separated doped areas, where the diffusion barrier isishape® SolarResist™ is inkjet-printed prior to a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process of boron- and phosphorus-doped silicate glasses (BSG, PSG). This allows for very accurate single-sided definition of doped patterns without the use of masking and etching of diffusion barriers, diffusion sources or diffused areas. The printed patterns themselves are characterized regarding their thickness. The areas with the printed diffusion barrier are characterized with respect to their sheet resistance Rsh and their doping profile. The barrier effect was demonstrated for diffusion plateau times up to 30 min at 1050°C against diffusion from BSG-layers and for the same plateau time at 850°C against diffusion from PSG-layers.
A new approach to the preparation of nanocomposites based on a polymer matrix (2011)

A new approach to the preparation of nanocomposites is advanced. This approach includes preliminary formation of a nanoporous matrix and subsequent loading of the formed pores by the second component. These advantageous opportunities are provided by one of the most fundamental phenomena of the physical chemistry of polymers: solvent crazing of polymers in the presence of the liquid media. Several examples illustrate that solvent crazing not only provides a universal means of self-induced dispersion of a polymer material into nanoscale aggregates but also offers a universal route for the delivery of diverse low-molecular-mass compounds to the nanoporous structure of the solvent-crazed polymer. The results on the preparation of new types of nanomaterials, such as porous polymeric sorbents, polymeric separation membranes, new types of polymer-polymer nanoblends, fireproof and conducting polymer nanocomposites, and metal-containing polymers, are reviewed. Some aspects of the practical application and technological design of solvent crazing of polymers as a means for the preparation of diverse nanocomposites are discussed.
Emerging role of gap junctions in epilepsy. (2005)

This review highlights the contribution of gap junctions to the pathophysiology of epilepsy. The tissue expression and spatiotemporal regulation of connexins is discussed, and the phenotypes of specific connexin knockouts are considered. Electrophysiologic studies have implicated gap junctions in the generation of very fast oscillations preceding seizures. Gap junction inhibitors have shown powerful anticonvulsant effects, to date primarily in in vitro studies. Specific inhibition of gap junctions in vivo along with more detailed human tissue studies are needed to understand more fully the role of gap junctions in epileptogenesis.
Scanning electron microscopy - Part II (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTScanning electron microscopy - Part IIAnnemarie C. Reimschuessel Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 9, A449Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1972Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 September 1972Published inissue 1 September 1972https://doi.org/10.1021/ed049pA449RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views540Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (5 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Cavity Pressure Behaviour in Micro Injection Moulding (2010)

Process monitoring of micro injection moulding (µIM) is of crucial importance to analyse the effect of different parameter settings on the process and to assess its quality. Quality factors related to cavity pressure can provide useful information directly connected with the dynamics of the process as well as with the filling of the cavity by the polymer melt. In this paper, two parameters derived from cavity pressure data collected by a pressure sensor have been defined: pressure increase rate during filling and the integral of pressure over time (i.e. pressure work). The influence of four µIM parameters (melt temperature, mould temperature, injection speed, and packing pressure) on the two pressure-related outputs has been investigated by moulding a micro fluidic component on three different polymers (PP, ABS, PC) using the design of experiment approach. Similar trends such as the effects of a higher injection speed in decreasing the pressure work and of a lower mould temperature in decreasing pressure rate have been found for all three materials.