gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Faculty Opinions recommendation of The prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations by salmeterol/fluticasone propionate or tiotropium bromide. (2008)

RATIONALE: Exacerbations are key drivers of morbidity and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).OBJECTIVES: We compared the relative efficacy of the long-acting inhaled bronchodilator/antiinflammatory combination (salmeterol/fluticasone propionate) 50/500 microg twice daily and the long-acting bronchodilator (tiotropium) 18 microg once daily in preventing exacerbations and related outcomes in severe and very severe COPD.METHODS: A total of 1,323 patients (mean age, 64 yr, post-bronchodilator FEV1, 39% predicted) were randomized in this 2-year, double-blind, double-dummy parallel study.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Primary endpoint was health care utilization exacerbation rate. Other endpoints included health status measured by St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), mortality, adverse events, and study withdrawal. Probability of withdrawing from the study was 29% greater with tiotropium than salmeterol/fluticasone propionate (P = 0.005). The modeled annual exacerbation rate was 1.28 in the salmeterol/fluticasone propionate group and 1.32 in the tiotropium group (rate ratio, 0.967; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.836-1.119]; P = 0.656). The SGRQ total score was statistically significantly lower at 2 years on salmeterol/fluticasone propionate versus tiotropium (difference 2.1 units; 95% CI, 0.1-4.0; P = 0.038). Mortality was significantly lower in the salmeterol/fluticasone propionate group; 21 (3%) of patients in this group died compared with 38 (6%) in the tiotropium group (P = 0.032). More pneumonias were reported in the salmeterol/fluticasone propionate group relative to tiotropium (P = 0.008).CONCLUSIONS: We found no difference in exacerbation rate between salmeterol/fluticasone propionate and tiotropium. More patients failed to complete the study while receiving tiotropium. A small statistically significant beneficial effect was found on health status, with an unexpected finding of lower deaths in salmeterol/fluticasone propionate-treated patients. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 00361959). PMID: 17916806
Effect of promoter and intron 2 polymorphisms on murine lung K-ras gene expression (1998)

Differences in tumor formation among inbred mouse strains with high (A/J) and low (C3H) susceptibility for lung cancer have been linked to a repetitive element within the second intron of the K-ras gene. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether differences within the K-ras gene promoter region or the intron 2 polymorphism affect K-ras gene expression in lung tumors and target alveolar type II cells isolated from A/J and C3H mice. Ribonuclease protection assays were performed using RNA isolated from 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung tumors from each mouse strain and alveolar type II cells isolated from A/J and C3H mice. An 838 bp fragment of the murine K-ras gene promoter region was amplified by PCR, cloned and sequenced from both mouse strains. Promoter regions from both mouse strains were inserted into a luciferase reporter gene vector, with and without the second intron polymorphism, and transfected into sensitive, intermediate and resistant lung tumor cell lines. No significant differences in K-ras gene promoter activity was found between the two strains using these specific reporter gene constructs. Consistent with these results, levels of K-ras expression did not differ between alveolar type II cells, whole lung or tumors induced by NNK in A/J or C3H mice. Moreover, in lung tumor cell lines derived from mice with differing susceptibility for lung cancer, K-ras expression did not correlate with the growth rate of tumors induced in nude mice from these cell lines. These results indicate that factors involved in modulating the rapid clonal expansion of the mutated K-ras allele from A/J mice are not directly linked to expression of this gene. Other genetic changes or losses in conjunction with hypothesized modifier loci, such as the Par1 locus, must play a significant role in establishing the phenotypic strain differences for lung tumor formation.
Naturally occurring low biological reactivity lipopolysaccharides as vaccine adjuvants (2013)

In the USA, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) adjuvantTM is approved for use in the human papilloma virus vaccine, Cervarix®[1]. This is the first nonalum adjuvant to receive US FDA approval and is a si...
Optimization of film thickness profiles using a magnetic cusp homogenizer (1999)

In this paper we report on our investigations of the effects of a magnetic cusp plasma homogenizer on thin film deposition profiles produced by cathodic vacuum arcs as a function of distance between the homogenizer and the plasma beam source. Both filtered and unfiltered arc plasma sources were examined. The thickness profiles of titanium films deposited onto transparent media were mapped using a quantitative optical technique based on depositing the films onto transparence foils and analysing the resulting image. The thickness homogeneity of the films was found to improve as the distance between the plasma source and homogenizer increased; however the deposition rate decreased with distance. The optimal distance that produced good homogeneity and maintained the highest rate of deposition was found to vary depending on the divergence of the plasma beam.
Spontaneous pneumothorax in lymphomatoid granulomatosis. (1996)

Lymphomatoid granulomatosis is a unique form of pulmonary angiitis and granulomatosis characterized histologically by a necrotizing angiocentric and angiodestructive lymphoid infiltrate, which in most cases represents a proliferation of Epstein-Barr virus infected B-cells, with a prominent T-cell reaction. The most common radiographic findings in lymphoma-toid granulomatosis are multiple rounded mass densities, often suggestive of metastatic tumour. We report a case of spontaneous pneumothorax with bronchopleural fistula in a patient suffering from lymphomatoid granulomatosis.
Non-Goodpasture Anti-GBM Antibodies in Patients with Glomerulonephritis (1989)

The sera of 206 consecutive patients with biopsy-proven glomerulonephritis were tested by ELISA for the presence of Goodpasture and non-Goodpasture anti-GBM antibodies. Antigens were solubilised from human GBM with purified bacterial collagenase and with 6 mol/l guanidine-HCl respectively. Only 12 sera reacted when collagenase-resistant GBM proteins were used as antigens in ELISA. Sera from two of these patients also reacted with the Goodpasture antigen, that is the globular domain of collagen IV, purified from collagenase extracts of GBM. These two patients had classical Goodpasture syndrome with linear crescentic nephritis. The other ten sera did not react with the Goodpasture antigen and immunofluorescence microscopy showed granular glomerular immune deposits. Antibodies against antigens present in 6 mol/l guanidine-HCl extracts of human GBM were much more frequent, particularly in lupus nephritis and IgA nephropathy, but relatively common also in patients with glomerulonephritis associated with systemic connective tissue and systemic vasculitic disorders. In contrast, these non-Goodpasture antibodies were only sporadic in primary forms of glomerulonephritis such as minimal-change nephropathy, membranous glomerulopathy, or acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis. The presence of circulating IgG, IgA or IgM antibodies against 6 mol/l guanidine-HCl extractable GBM antigens correlated with granular deposits of corresponding immunoglobulins in both mesangial and capillary loop regions of glomeruli, indicating a possible pathogenic role for non-Goodpasture anti-GBM antibodies in several forms of glomerulonephritis.
A FULLY-PASSIVE WIRELESS MICROFABRICATED NEURO-RECORDER (2010)

This paper reports a completely passive and wireless MEMS device for potential use in recording neuro-potentials in-vivo. Its operating principle utilizes an implantable circuit or "tag" to backscatter data to an external interrogator that supplies the fundamental carrier. The backscattering circuit relies solely on its nonlinear components, varactor diodes, which mix and backscatter neuro-potentials with the supplied carrier. Performance of the MEMS neuro-recorder was demonstrated using emulated and in-vivo neuro-potentials as low as 500 V P-P and up to 3 kHz.
Negative regulation of FAR1 at the Start of the yeast cell cycle. (1993)

In budding yeast, a switch between the mutually exclusive pathways of cell cycle progression and conjugation is controlled at Start in late G1 phase. Mating pheromones promote conjugation by arresting cells in G1 phase before Start. Pheromone-induced cell cycle arrest requires a functional FAR1 gene. We have found that FAR1 transcription and protein accumulation are regulated independently during the cell cycle. FAR1 RNA and protein are highly expressed in early G1, but decline sharply at Start. Far1 is phosphorylated just before it disappears at Start, suggesting that modification may target Far1 for degradation. Although FAR1 mRNA levels rise again during late S or G2 phase, reaccumulation of Far1 protein to functional levels is restricted until after nuclear division.
Complexation of phosphoryl-containing mono-, bi- and tri-podands with alkali cations in acetonitrile. Structure of the complexes and binding selectivity (1998)

We present experimental and theoretical studies on new ionophores (L) which possess a high complexation ability for Li+ or Na+ cations. Four tri-podands (R1–O–C2H4–)3N [R1 = –CH2–P(O)Ph2 (P1), –C2H4– P(O)Ph2 (P2), -o-C6H4P(O)Ph2 (P3) and -o-C6H4–CH2–P(O)Ph2 (P4)], one bi-podand (R2–O–C2H4–)2N–CH3 [R2 = -o-C6H4–CH2–P(O)Ph2 (P5)] and one mono-podand [R2–O–(CH2–CH2–O)3–R2 (P6)] containing phosphine oxide terminal groups have been synthesised. Stability constants, enthalpies and entropies of their complexation with lithium, sodium and potassium thiocyanates have been determined in acetonitrile at 298 K by a calorimetric titration technique. We find that tri-podands form a variety of complexes [(M+)3L, (M+)2L, M+L and M+L2)], whereas the bi- and mono-podand form only M+L complexes with Li+ and Na+, and M+L and M+L2 complexes with K+. Formation of poly-nuclear (M+)nL complexes of tri-podands in solution has been confirmed by electro-spray mass spectrometry. At relatively small concentrations of the ligand (C 0L), P1 binds Na+ much better than Li+, whereas P4 and P5 display a remarkable Li+/Na+ selectivity; at large C0L the complexation selectivity decreases. X-Ray diffraction studies performed on monocrystals of complexes of NaNCS with tri-podands P2 and P3 show that Na+ is encapsulated inside a ‘basket-like’ pseudocavity, coordinating all donor atoms of the tri-podand. Molecular dynamics simulations on P2, P3 and P4 and on their 1∶1 complexes with M+ in acetonitrile solution suggest that the structures of M+L complexes in solution are similar to those found for P2 and P3 complexes in the solid state.
Observations on the Chlorogallates and Related Compounds<sup>1</sup> (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTObservations on the Chlorogallates and Related Compounds1Harold L. Friedman and Henry TaubeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 5, 2236–2243Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01161a100https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01161a100research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views126Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Phase Equilibria and Phase Transformations in New B2-type Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys of Co-Ni-Ga and Co-Ni-Al Systems (2001)

The phase equilibria, the martensitic and magnetic phase transformations in the β (B2) phase region of the Co–Ni–Ga and Co–Ni–Al systems have been investigated. It is shown that some compositions in the range Co–(15–30)at%Ni–30 at%Ga and Co–(30–40)at%Ni–30 at%Al exhibit both the β to β′ (L10) thermoelastic martensitic transformation and the para/ferromagnetic transition. Some of these undergo the martensitic transformation from the paramagnetic β to the ferromagnetic β′. The introduction of a small amount of the γ phase into the β phase by heat treatment, based on the results of the β⁄γ phase equilibria study in these systems, is shown to significantly improve the ductility in both alloy systems. The new β single phase and β+γ two-phase ferromagnetic shape memory alloys (FSMAs) of the Co–Ni–Ga and Co–Ni–Al systems hold great promise as new smart materials.
In Vivo VL-Targeted Activation-Induced Apoptotic Supraclonal Deletion by a Microbial B Cell Toxin (2004)

To interfere with host immune responses, some microbial pathogens produce proteins with the properties of superantigens, which can interact via conserved V region framework subdomains of the Ag receptors of lymphocytes rather than the complementarity-determining region involved in the binding of conventional Ags. In recent studies, we have elucidated how a model B cell superantigen affects the host immune system by targeting a conserved V(H) site on the Ag receptors of B lymphocytes. To determine whether these findings represent a general paradigm, we investigated the in vivo immunobiologic properties of protein L of Peptostreptococcus magnus (PpL), a microbial Ig-binding protein specific for a V region site on Ig L chains. Our studies confirmed that PpL binding is restricted to a subset of murine Vkappa-expressing B cells, and found that B cells with stronger PpL-binding activity are associated with certain B cell subsets: splenic marginal zone (CD21(high) CD23(low)), splenic CD1(+), peritoneal B-1a (IgD(low) CD5(+)), and CD21(high) CD24(high) B cells in peripheral lymph nodes, mesenteric lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches. Infusion of PpL triggered a sequence of events in B cell receptor (BCR)-targeted B cells, with rapid down-regulation of BCR, the induction of an activation phenotype, and limited rounds of proliferation. Apoptosis followed through a process heralded by the dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential, the induction of the caspase pathway, DNA fragmentation, and the deposition of B cell apoptotic bodies. These studies define a common pathway by which microbial toxins that target V region-associated BCR sites induce programmed cell death.
Accuracy of CBCT in the Identification of Mental, Lingual, and Retromolar Foramina: A Comparison with Visual Inspection of Human Dry Mandibles (2021)

The present dry-mandible study evaluated the presence of the mental (MF), lingual (LF), and retromolar (RMF) foramina to assess the accuracy of CBCT in detecting these anatomical structures. In total, 38 human dry mandibles were analyzed (30 men, 8 women; mean age: 61.9 ± 13.7 years). CBCT scans were taken using low-dose parameters, and LF, MF, and RMF were assessed visually and radiographically. Both the presence (yes/no) and the count (n) of each foramen were compared between CBCTs and visual assessment. For the presence assessment, only RMF exhibited a significant difference between CBCT and visual inspection (P = .035). For count, the RMF (P = .049) and paramedian LF (P = .003) exhibited differences between the two methods. The agreement between CBCT and visual inspection was excellent for the MF, moderate-excellent for the LF, and low-moderate for the RMF. Intra- and interassessor agreement varied from excellent (MF), to moderate-excellent (LF), and low-moderate (RMF). The LF and RMF represent challenging structures to identify on CBCT images due to their limited dimension. False negative findings in CBCTs in the assessment of foramina, especially LF, might lead to surgical complications during implant surgery.
Syntheses of some derivatives of pyrrolo- and thieno[2,3-c]quinoxaline and quinoline (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses of some derivatives of pyrrolo- and thieno[2,3-c]quinoxaline and quinolineMakhluf J. Haddadin, Nabil C. Chelhot, and Maria PieridouCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 22, 3278–3281Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00936a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00936a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views307Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
July consultation # 7 (2008)

Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery: July 2008 - Volume 34 - Issue 7 - p 1063-1064 doi: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2008.05.015
4-[3(5)-Pyrazolyl]pyridinium salts. A new class of hypoglycemic agents (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT4-[3(5)-Pyrazolyl]pyridinium salts. A new class of hypoglycemic agentsVictor J. Bauer, Harry P. Dalalian, William J. Fanshawe, S. R. Safir, E. C. Tocus, and C. R. BoshartCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1968, 11, 5, 981–984Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00311a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00311a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views262Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Allylation of Nitrosobenzene with Pinacol Allylboronates. A Regioselective Complement to Peroxide Oxidation (2010)

Addition of nitrosobenzene to pinacol allylboronates leads to oxidation of the organoboron with concomitant rearrangement of the substrate alkene. This reaction appears to proceed by allylboration of the nitroso group in analogy to carbonyl and imine allylation reactions. Remarkably, the N-O bond is cleaved during the reaction such that simple alcohols are the final reaction product.
New concepts of IL-10-induced lung fibrosis: fibrocyte recruitment and M<sub>2</sub> activation in a CCL2/CCR2 axis (2010)

IL-10 is most commonly recognized as an anti-inflammatory cytokine possessing immunosuppressive effects necessary for regulated resolution of proinflammation. However, its role in the development of fibrosis during inflammatory resolution has not been clear. Few prior studies have linked IL-10 with the inhibition of fibrosis principally on the basis of regulating inflammation thought to be driving fibroproliferation. In contrast, in a model of long-term overexpression of IL-10, we observed marked induction of lung fibrosis in mice. The total cell number retrieved by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) increased 10-fold in the IL-10 overexpression (IL-10 OE) mice, with significant infiltration of T and B lymphocytes and collagen-producing cells. The presence of increased fibrocytes, isolated from collagenase-digested lungs, was identified by flow cytometry using dual staining of CD45 and collagen 1. Quantitative PCR analysis on an array of chemokine/chemokine receptor genes showed that receptor CCR2 and its ligand, CCL2, were highly upregulated in IL-10 OE mice, suggesting that IL-10-induced fibrocyte recruitment was CCL2/CCR2 specific. Given the prior association of alternatively activated (M(2)) macrophages with development of fibrosis in other disease states, we also examined the effect of IL-10 OE on the M(2) macrophage axis. We observed significantly increased numbers of M(2) macrophages in both BAL and whole lung tissue from the IL-10 OE mice. Administration of rabbit anti-CCL2 antiserum to IL-10 OE mice for three consecutive weeks significantly decreased fibrosis as evidenced by lung hydroxyproline content, compared with mice that received preimmune rabbit serum. These results indicate that overexpression of IL-10 induces fibrosis, in part, by fibrocyte recruitment and M(2) macrophage activation, and likely in a CCL2/CCR2 axis.
The Influence of Different Fibres Ratio in the Cementitious Composite on Ballistic Resistance (2018)

The aim of this work was to determine the resistance of cementitious composite to extreme load due to the different content of steel fibres. Extreme load was caused by the impact of the projectile. Resistance was evaluated on the basis of experimental research, where local damage was investigated on samples of ultrahigh performance concrete with a dispersed steel fibre reinforcement caused by a projectile impact. The projectiles were deformable and non-deformable with a calibre of 7.62x39 and 5.56x45 mm. The projectiles in the experiment hit the centre of the sample, or to specify the classification to the left or right side of the sample. The recording of the results served to evaluate the resistance of the individual samples to the local damage. The output of this paper is to find the optimal amount of fibre in ultra-high quality concrete with respect to its ballistic resistance.
ChemInform Abstract: CARBOHYDRATES IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. SYNTHESIS OF 16‐MEMBERED‐RING MACROLIDE ANTIBIOTICS. 6. TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF O‐MYCINOSYLTYLONOLIDE: COUPLING OF KEY INTERMEDIATES AND MACROCYCLIZATION (1982)

Abstract Kupplung der Komponenten (I) und (II) in Gegenwart von NBS liefert überwiegend das β‐Glycosid (IID, aus dem durch Reduktion und anschließende Oxidation der Hydroxyaldehyd (IV) gebildet wird; Kondensation von (IV) mit dem Carboxylacton (V) gibt das Phosphonat (VI), das beim Erhitzen mit 1 Kaliumcarbonat und 18‐Crown‐6‐ether zu dem Produkt (VIIa) cyclisiert.