gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonasymptotic Performance Analysis of Beamforming With Stochastic Signals (2004)

This letter is devoted to the analysis of the nonasymptotic behavior of beamforming for the bearing estimation of a single stochastic source impinging on an uniform linear array. An analytic expression of the maximum-likelihood mean-squared error is derived. This general expression is valid at any SNR and for any number of snapshots. Simulation results verify the analytically predicted performances.
Catalytic Enantioselective Carbon–Oxygen Bond Formation: Phosphine-Catalyzed Synthesis of Benzylic Ethers via the Oxidation of Benzylic C–H Bonds (2016)

Benzylic alcohols and ethers are common subunits in bioactive molecules, as well as useful intermediates in organic chemistry. In this Communication, we describe a new approach to the enantioselective synthesis of benzylic ethers through the chiral phosphine-catalyzed coupling of two readily available partners, γ-aryl-substituted alkynoates and alcohols, under mild conditions. In this process, the alkynoate partner undergoes an internal redox reaction. Specifically, the benzylic position is oxidized with good enantioselectivity, and the alkyne is reduced to the alkene.
Effects of grazing intensity on soil carbon stocks following deforestation of a Hawaiian dry tropical forest (2006)

Abstract The effects of forest‐to‐pasture conversion on soil carbon (C) stocks depend on a combination of climatic and management factors, but factors that relate to grazing intensity are perhaps the least understood. To understand the long‐term impact of grazing in converted pastures, methods are needed that accurately measure the impact of grazing on recent plant inputs to soil C in a variety of pasture management and climate settings. Here, we present an analysis from Hawai'i of changes in vegetation structure and soil organic carbon (SOC) along gradients of grazing intensity and elevation in pastures converted from dry tropical forest 100 years ago. We used hyperspectral remote sensing of photosynthetic vegetation, nonphotosynthetic vegetation (NPV) and exposed substrate to understand the effects of grazing on plant litter cover, thus, estimating recent plant inputs to soils (the NPV component). Forest‐to‐pasture conversion caused a shift from C3 to C4 plant physiology, thus the δ 13 C method was used in soil cores to measure the fraction of SOC accumulated from pasture vegetation sources following land conversion. SOC decreased in pasture by 5–9 kg C m −2 , depending upon grazing intensity. SOC derived from C3 (forest) sources was constant across the grazing gradient, indicating that the observed variation in SOC was attributable to changes in C inputs following deforestation. Soil C stocks were also reduced in pastures relative to forest soils. We found that long‐term grazing lowers SOC following Hawaiian forest‐to‐pasture conversion, and that these changes are larger in magnitude that those occurring with elevation (climate). Further we demonstrate a relationship between remotely sensed measurements of surface litter and field SOC measurements, allowing for regional analysis of pasture condition and C storage where limited field data are available.
The System Iron Oxide‐TiO <sub>2</sub> ‐SiO <sub>2</sub> in Air (1960)

Phase relations at liquidus temperatures in the system iron oxide‐TiO 2 ‐SiO 2 have been determined in air. The equilibrium existence of the crystalline phases magnetite (ss), hematite (ss), pseudobrookite(ss), rutile(ss), and silica (tridy‐mite or cristobalite) has been established. Three isobaric eutectic points are formed by the intersections of quaternary liquidus univariant lines of the system Fe‐Ti‐Si‐O and the 0.21 atmosphere isobaric surface. The liquid misci‐bility gaps present in the bounding “binary” systems iron oxide‐Si0 2 and TiO 2 ‐SiO 2 extend across the composition triangle representing the “ternary” system iron oxide‐TiO 2 ‐SiO 2 . Liquidus temperatures decrease within the two‐liquid region from approximately l <57Q a C. in the system iron oxide‐SiO 2 and 1780°C. in the system Ti(VSiO 2 to 1540°C. at the cristobalite‐rutile(ss) boundary curve which bisects the two‐liquid region. Paths of equilibrium crystallization of representative mixtures are discussed with reference to a simplified projection into the plane FeOFe 2 O 3 ‐TiO 2 ‐SiO 2 as well as in terms of the tetrahedron representing the system FeO‐Fe 2 O 3 ‐TiO 2 ‐SiO 2 .
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel 3,7‐Dihydro‐purine‐2,6‐dione Derivatives. (2010)

Abstract Three series of substituted xanthines (46 examples) with great structural diversity are synthesized for biological screening.
Control of relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia by clofarabine in preparation for allogeneic stem cell transplant (2015)

Allogeneic stem cell transplant is indicated for patients with refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Since elimination of the leukemic load is thought to be a prerequisite for treatment success, we here investigate toxicity and anti-leukemic activity of a clofarabine-AraC salvage protocol preceding transplant. In this retrospective analysis, we observed induction of objective remissions in 86% of patients receiving clofarabine-AraC as compared to 83% with sequential high dose AraC/mitoxantrone (S-HAM) and 50% after mitoxantrone/topotecane/AraC (MTC) salvage strategies. In addition, clofarabine conferred anti-leukemic activity to some patients who failed initial MTC or S-HAM therapy. For overall and leukemia-free survival, we identified cytogenetically defined adverse risk markers but not response to therapy to be a strong predictor. In summary, the clofarabine-AraC salvage strategy combines pronounced anti-leukemic activity with an acceptable toxicity profile and allows the majority of patients with relapsed or refractory AML to proceed to allo-SCT, even in cytogenetically defined high risk situations.
Phasing effects of dual RF voltage waves on plasma properties in a capacitively coupled plasma reactor (2003)

Summary form only given, as follows. In the plasma processing of electronic materials, it is common practice to control plasma density and ion bombardment energy by manipulating excitation voltage and frequency. In such applications, an appropriate combination of excitation frequency and RF power is required to accurately control ion flux and bombardment energy at the substrate surface. We investigate the effects of phase differences between excitation voltage waves simultaneously imposed, through blocking capacitors, on primary and secondary electrodes at the various combinations of commensurate frequencies by the simulations of a self-consistent, three-moment plasma model.
Probabilistic amplification and cloning of phase-covariant coherent states (2011)

The authors present a novel probabilistic cloner for a phase covariant alphabet. Unlike other approaches, our scheme does neither require high interferometric stability nor non-classical resources such as single photons, but it is based solely on a random displacement and photon counting. The input state is amplified and subsequently split symmetrically to obtain the clones. The amplification is done in two steps. First the coherent state is displaced in phase space with a fixed amplitude but random phase as illustrated in the paper. Subsequently a small portion of the displaced state is tapped off and sent to a photon number resolving detector PNRD. The tapped-off and transmitted part of the state are classically correlated due to the random displacements, which forms the basis of the heralding process. Successful amplification is heralded if the number of clicks in the PNRD equals or surpasses a certain threshold parameter. The highest probability to detect photons in the tap measurement is given if the state is displaced along the original direction of excitation, such that these states are preferred by the heralding process and the mean amplitude of the state is increased. With a rising photon number threshold the residual noise is reduced and the output is more and more approaching a pure state.
Parallel high resolution real-time Visual Hull on GPU (2009)

In this paper we present an efficient high resolution image based visual hull (IBVH) algorithm that entirely runs in real-time on a single consumer graphics card. The target application is a real-time 3D video conferencing system. One major contribution of this paper is a novel caching strategy for the reduction of line segment intersection tests. In contrast to existing approaches, it additionally allows us to pre-select a close estimation of the set of relevant pixels in the desired view. Based on this, we obtain a significant computational speedup, especially for high resolutions. Further, we propose an efficient way to use IBVH for the generation of voxel equivalent 3D models. We compare our techniques in terms of resolution and runtime with state of the art real-time multi GPU voxel based approaches. Our experiments show that we achieve a speed-up by a factor of five and more for high resolutions.
Transverse Force at the Yield Hinge during End Controlled Plane Bending and the Influence of its Neglect on the Shape Error (2003)

Abstract End controlled plane bending is an air bending process for tubes, profile bars and sheet metal, where the work‐piece is clamped at its ends only and where its prescribed final shape is reached by the controlled motions of the chuckings. The corresponding deformation is generated by moving a yield hinge or a yield zone from one end of the work‐piece to the other [1]. In this way many kinds of prescribed final shapes can be obtained like, among others circular, plane spiral, or elliptic arcs, which was proved by experiments [2]. The transversal force disappears in the moving yield hinge in the case of bending a circular arc. In many other cases, the transversal force is small compared with the normal force and can therefore be neglected. This simplifies the control software and reduces restrictions on the material law. However if the prescribed final shape has a strong curvature gradient, this simplification can lead to a remarkable shape error and will then not be allowable. The shape error depends also on the bending force, which is a free parameter in the bending process. On the example of bending a brass bar with L‐shaped cross section into a quarter elliptic arc, the shape error is quantified in dependence of the bending force.
Responses of retinal rods to single photons. (1979)

1. A suction electrode was used to record the membrane current of single rod outer segments in pieces of toad retina. During dim illumination the membrane current showed pronounced fluctuations. 2. Amplitude histograms of responses to dim flashes of fixed intensity exhibited two discrete peaks, one at 0 pA and one near 1 pA, suggesting that the response was quantized. By setting a criterion amplitude level, flash responses could be classed as 'failures' (no response) or as 'successes' (at least one quantal event). 3. The variation of fraction of successes with flash intensity was consistent with the hypothesis that each quantal electrical event resulted from a single photoisomerization. 4. The quantal event had a mean amplitude of about 1 pA (5% of the standing dark current) and a standard deviation of 0.2 pA. Dispersion in the event amplitude prevented identification of histogram peaks corresponding to two or more photoisomerizations. 5. Individual quantal responses exhibited a smooth shape very similar to that of the average quantal response. This suggests that a single photoisomerization releases many particles of transmitter and that radial diffusion of internal transmitter is not a major source of delay in the light response. 6. The 'quantum efficiency' with which an absorbed photon generated an electrical event was measured as 0.5 +/- 0.1 (S.E. of mean, n = 4). This is slightly lower than the quantum efficiency of photoisomerization obtained previously for rhodopsin in solution. 7. At wavelengths between 420 and 700 nm the quantal event was invariant in size, although the cell's sensitivity varied over a range of 10(5). 8. The power spectrum of the fluctuations in dim steady light was predicted by assuming that a random series of quantal events occurred independently. 9. In brighter light the fluctuations were faster, and the response to an incremental flash was reduced in size and duration. The power spectrum could be predicted by assuming random superposition of events with the shape of the incremental flash response.
Nephrectomy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: A component of systemic treatment regimens (1994)

New immunotherapeutic and chemotherapeutic regimens have altered the medical approach to metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Surgery for metastatic RCC needs to be reappraised in the context of these developments. We retrospectively examined the course of 25 patients with metastatic RCC who underwent nephrectomy or resection of renal fossa recurrences as an adjunct to intended systemic therapy. Four patients (16%) had complications and there was no perioperative mortality. Of 23 patients who had surgery first, 17 received subsequent systemic therapy and 2 experienced a response. Two patients underwent nephrectomy after achieving a partial response with systemic therapy. Overall, 3 patients (12%) are alive without detectable disease, 8 (32%) are alive with disease, and 14 (56%) are dead of disease, with a median survival of 23.5 months. Nephrectomy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma may be associated with less morbidity and mortality than previously reported. When initial nephrectomy is performed, most patients go on to receive systemic therapy. Within the context of a systemic treatment regimen, nephrectomy continues to play a role in the management of selected patients with metastatic RCC.
Physical Therapists Should Consider Including Strength Training as Part of Fracture Rehabilitation (2004)

Because muscle weakness is a common and persistent complication after bony fracture, we reviewed the literature systematically to find out if strength-training can reduce disability after adult fracture. Searching of electronic databases with inclusion criteria resulted in a final yield of three papers. These three studies were conducted after lower limb fractures and the calculated effect sizes collectively demonstrated that strength training led to increased muscle strength and activity levels. However, subsequent losses of strength and activity were found in the two studies that included a follow-up period. Despite a clear rationale for including strength-training programs as part of fracture rehabilitation to improve muscle weakness, very little research has been carried out. This systematic review provides preliminary evidence that strength-training may be beneficial after fracture and should be considered as a rehabilitation option by physical therapists. Further high quality studies are required to find out if the results can be replicated and generalised.
Nippocystatin, a Cysteine Protease Inhibitor from<i>Nippostrongylus brasiliensis</i>, Inhibits Antigen Processing and Modulates Antigen-Specific Immune Response (2001)

During infection, parasites evade the host immune system by modulating or exploiting the immune system; e.g., they suppress expression of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules or secrete cytokine-like molecules. However, it is not clear whether helminths disturb the immune responses of their hosts by controlling the antigen-processing pathways of the hosts. In this study, we identified a new cysteine protease inhibitor, nippocystatin, derived from excretory-secretory (ES) products of an intestinal nematode, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Nippocystatin, which belongs to cystatin family 2, consists of 144 amino acids and is secreted as a 14-kDa mature form. In vivo treatment of ovalbumin (OVA)-immunized mice with recombinant nippocystatin (rNbCys) profoundly suppressed OVA-specific proliferation of splenocytes but not non-antigen-specific proliferation of splenocytes. OVA-specific cytokine production was also greatly suppressed in rNbCys-treated mice. Although the serum levels of both OVA-specific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG2a were not affected by rNbCys treatment, OVA-specific IgE was preferentially downregulated in rNbCys-treated mice. In vitro rNbCys inhibited processing of OVA by lysosomal cysteine proteases from the spleens of mice. Mice with anti-nippocystatin antibodies became partially resistant to infection with N. brasiliensis. Based on these findings, N. brasiliensis appears to skillfully evade host immune systems by secreting nippocystatin, which modulates antigen processing in antigen-presenting cells of hosts.
Optimization theory and related topics : Israel mathematical conference proceedings, a workshop in memory of Dan Butnariu, January 11-14, 2010, Haifa, Israel (2012)

This volume contains the proceedings of the workshop on Optimization Theory and Related Topics, held in memory of Dan Butnariu, from January 11-14, 2010, in Haifa, Israel. An active researcher in various fields of applied mathematics, Butnariu published over 80 papers. His extensive bibliography is included in this volume. The articles in this volume cover many different areas of Optimization Theory and its applications: maximal monotone operators, sensitivity estimates via Lyapunov functions, inverse Newton transforms, infinite-horizon Pontryagin principles, singular optimal control problems with state delays, descent methods for mixed variational inequalities, games on MV-algebras, ergodic convergence in subgradient optimization, applications to economics and technology planning, the exact penalty property in constrained optimization, nonsmooth inverse problems, Bregman distances, retraction methods in Banach spaces, and iterative methods for solving equilibrium problems. This volume will be of interest to both graduate students and research mathematicians.
Review Cytokines as new treatment targets in chronic heart failure (2001)

Inflammatory cytokines may negatively influence contractility and contribute to the remodelling process in the failing myocardium. Traditional cardiovascular drugs appear to have little influence on the overall cytokine network in chronic heart failure (CHF). Increased interest in anticytokine therapy has therefore evolved. Several small studies have used tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α as a target, resulting in improved functional capacity and myocardial performance. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) represents another therapeutic approach in which the impact on myocardial performance appears to be correlated with anti-inflammatory effects. These studies demonstrate potential for immunomodulation as a therapy in addition to conventional cardiovascular treatment in CHF, but the most effective drugs in this regard have yet to be identified. Keywords chronic heart failure, cytokines, immunomodulating therapy, intravenous immunoglobulin The accepted paradigms and treatment strategies for heart failure have changed during the past 50 years. Traditionally, patients with CHF were treated with diuretics, vasodilators and inotropic drugs, resulting in improvement in functional
Early &amp; Quick Function Point: Sizing More with Less (2005)

The Early & Quick technique was originally proposed in 1997 for IFPUG Function Points, to size software in early stages of the development process, when functional requirements are still to be established in a detailed form and/or when a rapid measure is needed for existing software from a high-level viewpoint, within limited time. Typical lack of measurement details and requirements volatility in early project stages are overcome by the E&Q approach to provide a size estimate as a significant contribution to early project planning needs. Fundamental principles of the technique are classification by analogy, functionality structured aggregation, and multilevel approach, with statistical validation of numerical ranges. Recently, the technique has evolved, to fully comply with any Functional Size Measurement method (ISO/IEC 14143:1998), so to cover new generation methods (e.g. COSMIC Full FP 2.2) and updated releases of existing methods (e.g. IFPUG FP 4.1 and 4.2). This paper describes the current technique release 2.0, application cases, validation results, supporting tools, and further improvement directions.
Single-Molecule Spectroscopic Study of Enhanced Intrinsic Phycoerythrin Fluorescence on Silver Nanostructured Surfaces (2008)

In this paper, we report on steady-state and time-resolved single-molecule fluorescence measurements performed on a phycobiliprotein, R-phycoerythrin (RPE), assembled on silver nanostructures. Single-molecule measurements clearly show that RPE molecules display a 10-fold increase in fluorescence intensity, with a 7-fold decrease in lifetime when they are assembled on silver nanostructured surfaces, as compared to control glass slides. The emission spectrum of individual RPE molecules also displays a significant fluorescence enhancement on silver nanostructures as compared to glass. From intensity and lifetime histograms, it is clear that the intensities as well as lifetimes of individual RPE molecules on silver nanostructures are more heterogeneously distributed than that on glass. This single-molecule study provides further insight on the heterogeneity in the fluorescence intensity and lifetimes of the RPE molecules on both glass and SiFs surfaces, which is otherwise not possible to observe using ensemble measurements. Finite-difference time-domain calculations have been performed to study the enhanced near-fields induced around silver nanoparticles by a radiating excited-state fluorophore, and the effect of such enhanced fields on the fluorescence enhancement observed is discussed.
<title>Fuzzy inference system for semiconductor manufacturing processes</title> (1995)

A systematic approach is presented for modeling qualitative properties in semiconductor manufacturing processes. This approach is based on the fuzzy logic theory, and on the statistical analysis of categorical data. A fuzzy inference system can be designed and created by training data obtained either from human expert knowledge, or automatically extracted from statistically designed experiments. Before being used to design the fuzzy system, the data extracted from the designed experiments can be processed and filtered with the help of linear and logistic regression analysis. After the establishment of the initial inference system, the fuzzy membership functions can be tuned adaptively to accommodate process changes.
The cardioprotective effect of the iron chelator dexrazoxane (ICRF-187) on anthracycline-mediated cardiotoxicity (2000)

The cardiotoxic effect of anthracyclines limits their use in the treatment of a variety of cancers. The reason for the high susceptibility of cardiac muscle to anthracyclines remains unclear, but it appears to be due, at least in part, to the interaction of these drugs with intracellular iron (Fe). The suggestion that Fe plays an important role in anthracycline cardiotoxicity has been strengthened by observation that the chelator, dexrazoxane (ICRF-187), has a potent cardioprotective effect. In the present review, the role of Fe in the cardiotoxicity of anthracyclines is discussed together with the possible role of Fe chelation therapy as a cardioprotective strategy that may also result in enhanced antitumour activity.
Ultrastructure of meningiomas and the derivation and nature of their cellular components (1964)

T meningeal tumors commonly referred to as "meningiomas" have been well characterized by a number of studies. Yet their genesis, particularly in regard to the nature and derivation of their cellular components, has been the subject of much controversy. This is amply reflected by the various histogenic implications of such designations of these tumors as "dural endothelioma" and "arachnoid fibroblastoma." There is substantial evidence that at least 1 cell type encountered in meningioma, that designated as "meningothelial," is derived from arachnoid cells not infrequently encountered either isolated in the dural or about the pacchionian granulations.6