gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BIOTECHNOLOGY IN ANIMAL SCIENCE: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES (1985)

Several new, powerful techniques for the manipulation of living cells and their components are globally referred to as biotechnology. They have the potential to bring about dramatic improvements in livestock production. The Symposium papers that follow review the relevant advances and consider the role of biotechnology in future animal production research. Key words: Biotechnology, animal science, genetic engineering, rumen microflora, embryo manipulation
Identification and characterization of a DNA region involved in the export of capsular polysaccharide by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 5a (1997)

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae synthesizes a serotype-specific capsular polysaccharide that acts as a protective barrier to phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. To begin understanding the role of A. pleuropneumoniae capsule in virulence, we sought to identify the genes involved in capsular polysaccharide export and biosynthesis. A 5.3-kb XbaI fragment of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 5a J45 genomic DNA that hybridized with DNA probes specific for the Haemophilus influenzae type b cap export region was cloned and sequenced. This A. pleuropneumoniae DNA fragment encoded four open reading frames, designated cpxDCBA. The nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of cpxDCBA contained a high degree of homology to the capsule export genes of H. influenzae type b bexDCBA, Neisseria meningitidis group B ctrABCD, and, to a lesser extent, Escherichia coli K1 and K5 kpsE and kpsMT. When present in trans, the cpxDCBA gene cluster complemented kpsM::TnphoA or kpsT::TnphoA mutations, determined by enzyme immunoassay and by restored sensitivity to a K5-specific bacteriophage. A cpxCB probe hybridized to genomic DNA from all A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes tested, indicating that this DNA was conserved among serotypes. These data suggest that A. pleuropneumoniae produces a group II family capsule similar to those of related mucosal pathogens.
Enzymatic Polymerization of Phosphonate Nucleosides (2008)

5'-O-phosphonomethyl-2'-deoxyadenosine (PMdA) proved to be a good substrate of the Therminator polymerase. In this article, we investigated whether the A, C, T and U analogues of this phosphonate nucleoside (PMdN) series can function as substrates of natural DNA polymerases. PMdT and PMdU could only be polymerized enzymatically to a limited extent. Nevertheless, PMdA and PMdC could be incorporated into a DNA duplex with complete chain elongation by all the DNA polymerases tested. A mixed sequence of four nucleotides containing modified C, T and A residues could be obtained with the Vent(exo(-)) and Therminator polymerases. The kinetic values for the incorporation of PMdA by Vent(exo(-)) polymerase were determined; a reduced K(M) value was found for the incorporation of PMdA compared to the natural substrate. Future polymerase directed evolution studies will allow us to select an enzyme with a heightened capacity to process these modified DNA building blocks into modified strands.
Bacterial endophytes of the wildflower<i>Crocus albiflorus</i>analyzed by characterization of isolates and by a cultivation-independent approach (2006)

The presence and taxonomy of endophytic bacteria of the entire aerial parts of crocus (Crocus albiflorus), a wildflower native in the Alps, were investigated. A combination of plating of plant macerates, isolation and sequence identification of isolates, and direct 16S rDNA PCR amplification followed by whole-community fingerprinting (T-RFLP) and by construction of a bacterial clone library was used. The results clearly indicated that a wide range of bacteria from diverse phylogenetic affiliation, mainly gamma-Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, live in association with plants of C. albiflorus. The community composition of the culturable component of the microflora was remarkably different from that of the clone library. Only three bacterial divisions were found in the culture collection, which represented 17 phylotypes, whereas six divisions were identified in the clonal analysis comprising 38 phylotypes. The predominant group in the culture collection was the low G+C Gram-positive group, whereas in the clone library, the gamma-Proteobacteria predominated. Interestingly, the most prominent bacterium within the uncultured bacterial community was a pseudo monad closely related to a cold-tolerant Pseudomonas marginalis strain. The results suggest that Crocus supports a diverse bacterial microflora resembling the microbial communities that have been described for other plants and containing species that have not been described in association with plants.
TU‐EE‐A4‐03: Quality Control Testing of Diagnostic Ultrasound Systems: Experience in Testing 72 Systems in 11 Years (2006)

Purpose: The goal is to assess the necessity and relevance of QA/QC testing procedures for diagnostic ultrasound systems. Methods and Materials: The ultrasound QA/QC program at our institute was reviewed in this paper. Over the past 11 years, 72 diagnostic ultrasound systems have been included in the QA/QC program. Acceptance tests were conducted in newly installed systems. In some situations, final payment was withheld to ensure the correction of the deficiencies revealed during the acceptance testing. Periodic QC reports were sent to the in‐house engineer group and corrective actions were taken and documented. Our testing procedures included B‐mode tests on distance accuracy, maximum depth of penetration, spatial resolution, contrast lesion detectability, image uniformity, dead zone, image display/soft copy fidelity and other physical and mechanical inspections. In addition, Doppler mode tests were performed on some units to measure the Doppler signal sensitivity, angle accuracy, gray‐scale image congruency, range‐gate accuracy and flow readout accuracy. Results: A total of 84 deficiencies were documented on those units older than 5 years (1.8 deficiencies/unit‐year) and 183 deficiencies on the units with ages of 5 years or less (1.0 deficiencies/unit‐year). These problems were classified in categories according to the QC tests and the percentage distribution of each category was calculated. While the overall image quality deterioration revealed through spatial resolution and contrast lesion detectability testing topped the deficiency category list for older units, a significant increase in transducer deficiencies was observed on newer modern state‐of‐art units. This observation was consistent with the increasing complexity in rapidly advancing transducer technology in recent years. QA/QC procedures appeared able to reveal problems at their early stage before these problems would severely interfere with clinical practices. Conclusion: This experience of ultrasound QA/QC program at our institute confirms the necessity to have a comprehensive QA/QC program for diagnostic ultrasound systems.
The mechanism of the production of atomic hydrogen by hot tungsten (1936)

The fact that the rate of production of atomic hydrogen at a tungsten surface at a given temperature is proportional to the square root of the hydrogen pressure means either that the important process is the evaporation of atoms from an adsorbed film which over the whole range of experimental conditions is sparsely occupied, or that the production of atoms is in the main due to a process in which a hydrogen molecule strikes a bare tungsten atom in the surface, one atom being adsorbed and the other evaporating and the surface being almost completely covered over the whole range of experimental conditions. Either process leads to a temperature variation in the rate of atom production in agreement with experiment. A definite decision between the two processes cannot yet be made.
Omnipose: a high-precision morphology-independent solution for bacterial cell segmentation (2021)

Abstract Advances in microscopy hold great promise for allowing quantitative and precise readouts of morphological and molecular phenomena at the single cell level in bacteria. However, the potential of this approach is ultimately limited by the availability of methods to perform unbiased cell segmentation, defined as the ability to faithfully identify cells independent of their morphology or optical characteristics. In this study, we present a new algorithm, Omnipose, which accurately segments samples that present significant challenges to current algorithms, including mixed bacterial cultures, antibiotic-treated cells, and cells of extended or branched morphology. We show that Omnipose achieves generality and performance beyond leading algorithms and its predecessor, Cellpose, by virtue of unique neural network outputs such as the gradient of the distance field. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of Omnipose in the characterization of extreme morphological phenotypes that arise during interbacterial antagonism and on the segmentation of non-bacterial objects. Our results distinguish Omnipose as a uniquely powerful tool for answering diverse questions in bacterial cell biology.
Stimulation of D-loop formation by polypurine/polypyrimidine sequences (2003)

Most of the approaches used to correct gene mutations in mammalian cells involve the targeting of short nucleotide molecules to homologous chromosomal sequences and the replacement of resident sequences via homologous recombination and mismatch repair. The limited efficiency and inconsistent reproducibility of these techniques are major constraints to their use in gene therapy. One of the main problems is that it is impossible to obtain reproducible results when the targeted gene loci differ. We investigated the effects of flanking sequences on homologous recombination by means of an in vitro assay of the efficiency of oligonucleotide targeting to its homologous sequence on a large duplex molecule in a reaction catalysed by the Escherichia coli RecA protein. We demonstrated that polypurine.polypyrimidine tracts (PPTs) in duplex DNA strongly stimulate the formation of D-loops with short oligodeoxynucleotides. This result was reproduced with various PPT sequences and oligonucleotides. The stimulatory effect was observed at loci as far as 4000 bp from the PPT. The formation of complexes between the oligonucleotide and the duplex molecule depended on the extent of sequence similarity between the two DNAs and the presence of the RecA protein. The stimulatory effect was inhibited by excess RecA and restored by adding heterologous DNA. We suggest that PPT sequences induce conformational changes in duplex DNA, leading to the aggregation of molecules, facilitating homology searches. We compared, in vivo, the efficiency of the oligonucleotide-mediated correction of a URA3 chromosomal mutation for sequences with and without a PPT sequence in the vicinity. Consistent with our in vitro results, the efficiency of correction was eight times higher in the presence of the PPT sequence.
NEUROFORM IN-STENT STENOSIS (2006)

OBJECTIVE Delayed in-stent stenosis is an important and well characterized complication of angioplasty and stenting for the treatment of intra- and extra-cranial atheromatous disease. The current series describes the incidence and natural history of in-stent stenosis following the deployment of the Neuroform stent within the cerebrovasculature for the treatment of aneurysms. METHODS The collaborative CCF-BNI endovascular database was reviewed to identify cases of delayed moderate or severe in-stent stenosis observed during the follow up of cerebral aneurysms treated with the Neuroform stent. The hospital charts, clinic records and operative reports for these patients were reviewed. RESULTS Out of a total of 156 patients with follow up, 9 cases of moderate or severe delayed (>2 mo) in-stent stenosis were identified (5.8%), including two parent vessel occlusions. In two cases, patients presented three months after stent-supported aneurysm embolization with focal neurological symptoms. Both of these patients were treated with angioplasty. One eventually required surgical bypass. Of the seven asymptomatic patients, three demonstrated some degree of spontaneous resolution at follow up, one progressed to complete occlusion, two are awaiting further follow-up and one patient died of unrelated causes. Of the 9 patients in the series, 5 were treated with “bioactive” coils (Matrix, Hydrocoil, Cerecyte), 3 were treated with bare platinum coils and 1 was treated with stenting alone. The earliest time interval to diagnosis was 2.5 months and 3 months for asymptomatic and symptomatic patients, respectively. The earliest interval documented for spontaneous resolution was 9 months. CONCLUSION Delayed Neuroform in-stent stenosis is not a rare phenomenon, occurring in 5.8% of cases. The stenosis can be symptomatic and may require endovascular treatment or surgical bypass. In asymptomatic patients, a strategy of “watchful waiting” may be effective, as many patients may demonstrate partial or complete resolution at follow up. The spontaneous resolution of delayed in-stent stenosis has not been previously described. This may be a phenomenon unique to the application of low radial force, self-expanding stents within the non-atheromatous cerebrovasculature.
Pure and Mixed Tubular Carcinoma of the Breast: Mammographic and Sonographic Differential Features (2007)

PT and MT cannot be precisely differentiated on mammography and sonography. However, the absence of a mass on mammography or the presence of an oval shaped mass would favor the diagnosis of PT. An irregularly shaped mass with surrounding tissue change and posterior shadowing on sonography would favor the diagnosis of MT and also a less favorable prognosis.
Genetic diversity of<i>Sinapis alba</i>germplasm as revealed by AFLP markers (2006)

Sinapis alba L. is a major specialty crop grown as a condiment in western Canada, but little is known about its genetic diversity. The objective of this study was to assess the level and pattern of genetic diversity in a collection of 127 S. alba accessions held at Plant Gene Resources of Canada using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Five AFLP primer pairs were applied, and 134 polymorphic bands were scored for each accession. These scored bands had frequencies of occurrence ranging from 0.02 to 0.99 with an average of 0.69. More AFLP variation was found within single (79.1%) than between (20.9%) S. alba accessions. A small degree of AFLP difference (1.7%) was observed among the accessions of various regions, while relatively large variation (9.2%) existed among the accessions of various countries. A large AFLP difference (15.6%) also existed between the yellow- and brown-seeded accessions, but only 6.2% difference was observed between the cultivar and landrace accessions. Two distinct groups of S. alba germplasm were identified on the basis of the seed colour (yellow or brown), although a few mixtures also existed. No apparent ‘duplicated’ accessions were observed. The most diverse accessions were from Italy, Spain, France and Greece. Among the most genetically distinct accessions were SA97 from Portugal, SA89 and SA88 from France, SA83 from Russia and SA57 from Italy. These findings are significant not only for managing S. alba germplasm, but also for identifying diverse germplasm that can be used by plant breeders to improve S. alba seed yield and quality parameters.
The effect of aqueous surfactant solutions on alcohol dehydrogenase (LADH) (1993)

Abstract Alcohol dehydrogenase (LADH) was studied in aqueous solutions of surfactants to determine its structural and catalytic characteristics. Fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD), and electron paramagnetic resonance (ERP) techniques were used to study structural changes to the enzyme. The activity of LADH in catalyzing the oxidation of ethanol was investigated. Short‐chain alkyl sulfonates and sulfates did not deactivate LADH or alter its structure. Longer and branched alkyl sulfates and sulfonates, as well as a cationic surfactant (CTAB), affected both LADH activity and conformation. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Preparing Samples for the Recording of Infrared Spectra from Synthetic Fibers (1976)

An improved technique for recording infrared spectra from minute amounts of synthetic fibers by using KBr micropellets is described. The procedure is the same for all commonly encountered synthetic fiber varieties; hence, no preliminary identification is required.
Minimizing Power with Flexible Voltage Islands (2005)

Power dissipation is becoming the most challenging design constraint in nanometer technologies. Among various design implementation schemes, standard cell ASIC offer the best power efficiency for high-performance applications. The flexibility of ASIC allow for the use of multiple voltages and multiple thresholds to match the performance of critical regions to their timing constraints, and minimize the power everywhere else. The use of multiple supply voltages presents some unique physical and electrical challenges. Level shifters need to be introduced between the various voltage regions. The physical layout needs to be designed to ensure the efficient delivery of the correct voltage to various voltage regions. More flexibility can be gained by using appropriate level shifters.
Novel Synthesis of the Hexahydroimidazo[1,5b]isoquinoline Scaffold: Application to the Synthesis of Glucocorticoid Receptor Modulators (2010)

The first stereoselective synthesis of the hexahydroimidazo[1,5b]isoquinoline (HHII) scaffold as a surrogate for the steroidal A-B ring system is described. The structure-activity relationships of the analogs derived from this scaffold show that the basic imidazole moiety is tolerated by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in terms of binding affinity, although the partial agonist activity in the transrepressive assays depends on the substitution pattern on the B-ring. More importantly, most compounds in the HHII series bearing a tertiary alcohol moiety on the B-ring are either inactive or significantly less active in inducing GR-mediated transactivation, thus displaying a "dissociated" pharmacology in vitro.
THE BENEFITS OF TOPICAL VITAMIN C (L-ASCORBIC ACID) FOR SKIN CARE ANO UV PROTECTION (1999)

Summary Yitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) is one of the body's primary protections from reactive oxygen damage, but it is depleted during ultraviolet (UV) injury. Because body contro! mechanisms limit the amount of ingested vitamin C available to skin, topica! antioxidant therapy becomes an attracti ve way to tar­ get vitamin C directly into ski n, provided the unstable L-ascorbic acid molecule can be stabilized and penetrate skin - conditions which have precluded use in topica! fo rmulations - unti ! recentl y. A new technology for stabilizi ng high concentrations of L-ascorbic acid that get into skin has been developed. The resul t: it is now possible to deliver more vitamin C into ski n topicall y than ever can be achi eved by diet, thus adding to the body's natural reservoir of antioxidant protection. Topica! vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) therapies provide severa! benefits for skin. Topica! vitamin C protects against UV radiation , including UVA - an action spectra link.ed to cause photoaging and some ski n cancers, a nd one that is not protected fu ll y by currently-available sunscreens. Topica! vita­ min C prevents DNA mutations and UV immunosuppression, a reaction that occurs in over 90% of ali skin cancer patients. Topica! vita min C controls inflammation and reduces erythema. Topica! vitamin C promotes wound healing and stimulates coll agen synthesis.
Fraud and firm performance: keeping the good times (apparently) rolling (2016)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the hypothesis that a period of sustained supernormal firm performance (for up to five years before fraud commission) creates financial pressure on actors/agents so they have a propensity to behave fraudulently to keep the good times (apparently) rolling. Design/methodology/approach – Applying the Fama and French (1993) three-factor model using a range of calendar time portfolio methodologies, the authors measure abnormal drifts in stock performance in periods up to five years before alleged fraud commission dates. The authors examine a sample of 561 US firms subject to enforcement actions initiated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Department of Justice (DOJ) over 1968-2009. Findings – The authors find that sustained firm-specific positive stock price performance for up to five years followed by the almost inevitable adverse shock, which eventually brings the good times to an end, generally precedes corporate fraud. Fraud occurs when firm managers engage in misconduct in a misguided attempt to keep the good times (apparently) rolling despite the negative shock. Research limitations/implications – The sample is restricted to firms with trading histories on the stock market prior to the misconduct, and to firms contained in the Federal Securities Regulation database of US firms subject to enforcement actions initiated by the SEC and the DOJ over 1968-2009. Practical implications – The desire to keep the good times rolling appears to be a very important driver of fraudulent behavior, even after controlling for the executive compensation incentive effects and business cycle effects emphasized in prior studies. The robust findings of positive abnormal returns for up to five years preceding initial fraud commission suggest that regulators and investors would be well-advised to scrutinize the behavior of firms that exhibit surprisingly persistent superior performance over an extended period. If the financial results appear too good to be true, a closer examination might just reveal that they indeed are. Social implications – While most investors generally like to see the “good times keep rolling” this pressure can create ethical dilemmas for managers. Originality/value – Unlike most other papers in this area of the literature, which concentrate on the pre-fraud disclosure, the authors investigate the firm’s performance in the pre-fraud commission period. The authors find that the commission of the alleged fraud is preceded by a sustained period of surprisingly good performance of up to five years in length. The authors believe that the paper provides empirical evidence that supports the hypothesis that a period of sustained supernormal firm performance (for up to five years before fraud commission) creates financial pressure on actors/agents so they have a propensity to behave fraudulently to keep the good times (apparently) rolling.
Assessment of Behavioral Mechanisms Maintaining Encopresis: Virginia Encopresis-Constipation Apperception Test (2003)

The VECAT is a reliable, valid, discriminating, and sensitive test. Bowel-specific problems appear to best differentiate children with and without encopresis.
Magnetic properties of charged excitons in self‐assembled quantum dots (2003)

Abstract We report on low temperature (4.2 K) magneto‐luminescence measurements performed on charged tuneable GaInAs self‐assembled quantum dots. We mapped the magnetic field dispersion (0–9 Tesla) of the exciton with excess electron charges set from 0 to 3. For the doubly and triply charged excitons the emission line shows a doublet corresponding to the singlet and triplet configuration of the quantum dot in the final state after photon emission. We map here for the first time the dispersion of the singlet state of the doubly charged exciton and show that the triply charged exciton undergoes a transition resulting from a magnetic field induced frustration of the Hund's rule.