gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Screening for Colorectal Cancer (1990)

Letters and Corrections15 August 1990Screening for Colorectal CancerKevin Schulman, MDKevin Schulman, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-4-333_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: Understanding the sensitivity and specificity of Hemoccult cards is instrumental in developing recommendations for the screening of patients for detection of colon cancer. The recent study by Allison and colleagues (1) addresses these issues, but has several serious flaws.The investigators relied on a "work-up" of Hemoccult-positive cases to determine true-positive and false-positive cases. The "work-up," however, consisted of sending physicians caring for these patients a letter recommending "a complete gastrointestinal evaluation." The letter recommended several different test modalities alone or in combination. The investigators do not report how many patients actually received a "complete evaluation," nor...References1. AllisonFeldmanTekawa JRI. Hemoccult screening in detecting colorectal neoplasm: sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value: long-term follow-up in a large group practice setting. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:328-33. LinkGoogle Scholar2. BarryMulleyRichter MAJ. Effect of work-up strategy on the cost-effectiveness of fecal occult blood screening for colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology. 1987;93:301-10. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. AllisonFeldmanTekawa JRI. Hemoccult screening in detecting colorectal neoplasm: sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value: long-term follow-up in a large group practice setting. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:328-33. LinkGoogle Scholar2. BarryMulleyRichter MAJ. Effect of work-up strategy on the cost-effectiveness of fecal occult blood screening for colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology. 1987;93:301-10. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 August 1990Volume 113, Issue 4Page: 333-333KeywordsCancer screeningColorectal cancerSpecificity Issue Published: 15 August 1990 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Effect of gelation conditions and dissolution media on the release of paracetamol from alginate gel beads (1996)

Paracetamol was entrapped in alginate beads gelled with calcium or zinc at 0.1, 0.34 or 0.7M. The payloads were of the order of 60-70% w/w which represented an entrapment yield of > 75%. The release of drug from the beads was observed in three media; water, Simulated Gastric Fluid USP without pepsin (SGF) and 0.1% trisodium citrate solution. Release was slowest in water and was complete within 4-5 h. The zinc beads released more slowly than calcium beads prepared at the same molar concentration of cation. Complete release of drug from the alginate gel beads in SGF occurred within 2 h and was unaffected by the cation type and concentration. Except for beads prepared from 0.1M zinc, paracetamol was released rapidly in the citrate solution. All release profiles could be described by first-order kinetics with half-lives which ranged from 25-73 min. Due to the rapid release in acidic conditions, it is unlikely that alginate beads loaded with a relatively water soluble drug will provide satisfactory prolonged release orally.
Mining the Content of Relational Databases to Learn Ontologies with Deeper Taxonomies (2008)

Relational databases are valuable sources for ontology learning. Previous work showed how precise ontologies can be learned from such structured input. However, a major persisting limitation of the existing approaches is the derivation of ontologies with flat structure that simply mirror the schema of the source databases. In this paper, we present the RTAXON learning method that shows how the content of the databases can be exploited to identify categorization patterns from which class hierarchies can be generated. This fully formalized method combines a classical schema analysis with hierarchy mining in the data. RTAXON is one of the methods implemented in the RDBToOnto tool.
Ionization and fragmentation of <i>N</i> ‐linked glycans as silver adducts by electrospray mass spectrometry (2005)

[M+Ag]+ ions were produced by electrospray from neutral high-mannose, hybrid and complex N-linked glycans obtained from bovine ribonuclease, chicken egg glycoproteins, bovine fetuin and porcine thyroglobulin by the addition of silver nitrate to the electrospray solvent. Both singly and doubly charged ions were produced but, as the signals were split between the two silver isotopes, sensitivity was not as high as with the sodium adducts reported earlier. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra were dominated by ions produced by glycosidic cleavages, mainly of the B- and Y-type. Internal cleavage ions involving both B and Y cleavages were very prominent but cross-ring fragments were generally of very low abundance or absent. Silver was very efficient at cleaving the glycosidic bonds, so much so that spectra tended to contain glycosidic ions at most possible combinations of the constituent monosaccharides.
The activity of the Nodal antagonist <i>Cerl-2</i> in the mouse node is required for correct L/R body axis (2004)

Correct establishment of the left/right (L/R) body asymmetry in the mouse embryo requires asymmetric activation of the evolutionarily conserved Nodal signaling cascade in the left lateral plate mesoderm (L-LPM). Furthermore, the presence of Nodal in the node is essential for its own expression in the L-LPM. Here, we have characterized the function of cerl-2, a novel Nodal antagonist, which displays a unique asymmetric expression on the right side of the mouse node. cerl-2 knockout mice display multiple laterality defects including randomization of the L/R axis. These defects can be partially rescued by removing one nodal allele. Our results demonstrate that Cerl-2 plays a key role in restricting the Nodal signaling pathway toward the left side of the mouse embryo by preventing its activity in the right side.
Propionibacterium acnes and Sarcoidosis (2003)

Figure 1. QPCR measurement of bacterial DNA from lymph nodes of patients with sarcoidosis or tuberculosis, or from control lymph nodes. The y-axis shows the estimated numbers of bacterial genomes in 500 ng of total tissue DNA extracted from samples collected at different institutes. Some datum points overlap. PA,
Testing high resolution SD ADC’s by using the noise transfer function (2004)

A new solution to improve the testability of high resolution SD Analogue to Digital Converters (SD ADC’s) using the quantizer input as test node is described. The theoretical basis for the technique is discussed and results from high level simulations for a 16 bit, 4th order, audio ADC are presented. The analysis demonstrates the potential to reduce the computational effort associated with test response analysis versus conventional techniques.
Hypotensive Agents. X. 3-Azabicyclo[3.3.0]octane Derivatives<sup>1,2</sup> (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHypotensive Agents. X. 3-Azabicyclo[3.3.0]octane Derivatives1,2LEONARD M. RICE and CHARLES H. GROGANCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1959, 24, 1, 7–11Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01083a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01083a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views201Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Minimising Stress for Patients in the Veterinary Hospital: Why It Is Important and What Can Be Done about It (2017)

Minimising stress for patients should always be a priority in the veterinary hospital. However, this is often overlooked. While a "no stress" environment is not possible, understanding how to create a "low stress" (sometimes called "fear-free") environment and how to handle animals in a less stressful manner benefits patients, staff and the hospital alike. Many veterinary practitioners believe creating a low stress environment is too hard and too time consuming, but this need not be the case. With some simple approaches, minimising patient, and hence staff, stress is achievable in all veterinary practices. This article provides a background on why minimising stress is important and outlines some practical steps that can be taken by staff to minimise stress for presenting and hospitalised patients. Useful resources on recognising signs of stress in dogs and cats, handling, restraint, behaviour modification, medications, and hospital design are provided.
Embryonic Stem Cells as a Source of Pulmonary Epithelium <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> (2008)

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) derived from the preimplantation blastocyst are pluripotent and capable of indefinite expansion in vitro. As such, they present a cell source to derive a potentially inexhaustible supply of pulmonary cells and tissue. ESC-derived pulmonary epithelium could be used for in vitro cell or tissue models or, in the future, implanted into the damaged or diseased lung to effect repair. Efforts to date have largely focused on obtaining distal lung epithelial phenotypes from ESCs, notably alveolar epithelium. Several disparate methods have been developed to enhance differentiation of ESCs into pulmonary epithelial lineages; these are broadly based on recapitulating developmental signaling events, mimicking the physical environment, or forcibly reprogramming the ESC nucleus. Early findings of our preclinical experiments implanting differentiated ESCs into the injured lung are also described here. Future efforts will focus on maximizing ESC differentiation efficiency and yield of the target phenotype, as well as characterizing the function of derived cells in vivo and in vitro.
ON THE MECHANISM OF THE ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF GLUTATHIONE (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTON THE MECHANISM OF THE ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF GLUTATHIONEJohn E. SnokeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 19, 4872–4873Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01115a545https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01115a545research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views58Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
HEART-VECTOR AND LEADS. PART II (1947)

In a preceding paper Therei-n we pointed out that this relation is given by three linear equations, characterized by nine coefficients. The value of these coefficients was determined by means of a model of the human body, a glass phantom filled with an electrolytically conducting liquid. An artificial heart was used to put up an electric current field in the liquid, and the potential differences caused by this field were measured at the extremities L, R, and F.
The shelf life of some antibiotic preparations stored under tropical conditions. (1977)

Accelerated storage tests have been carried out to predict the shelf life of several commercial preparations stored directly under temperate and tropical climatic conditions. Two brands each of sulphathiazole tablets, tetracycline hydrochloride capsules and chloramphenicol capsules were studied over a period of three months. Shelf lives ranging from 6.2. to 29.7 months were predicted for temperate storage conditions (20 degree C/31% R.H.), whilst these periods were reduced giving values from 3.8 to 13.9 months for tropical conditions of 30 degree C/31% R.H and from 2.5 to 9.2. months when stored at 30 degree C/75% R.H. A decrease in the rate of drug dissolution was also observed for preparations stored directly under conditions of elevated temperature and humidity. The results indicate the need for stringent control over storage conditions for antibiotic preparations in tropical climates to ensure adequate drug stability and dissolution characteristics.
Local production of progesterone by the corpus luteum of the marmoset monkey in response to perfusion with chorionic gonadotrophin and melatonin in vivo (1987)

The effect of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and melatonin on the local production of progesterone by the marmoset corpus luteum was investigated in vivo using a perfusion cannula system. Progesterone secretion was measured in 10-min fractions of buffer which had been perfused through the corpus luteum at a flow rate of 70 microliters/min for a maximum of 3 h in anaesthetized animals. Two corpora lutea were cannulated in each animal; one for perfusion of test material and the other for perfusion with buffer alone as a control. Perfusion with hCG (25 i.u./ml), investigated as a positive control, produced a marked stimulation of progesterone secretion which increased 10-20 min from the start of perfusion and reached a peak after 30-60 min. A stimulation of progesterone was also observed after perfusion with melatonin (860 pmol/l). The response was evident within 10-30 min of the hormone reaching the corpus luteum and was similar in magnitude to that observed for hCG. The ability of melatonin to stimulate progesterone secretion supports previous in-vitro studies and suggests an ovarian action for melatonin in the primate. The local perfusion system described may have potential uses in studies of luteal function related to aspects of infertility or regulation of fertility.
Fast Pedestrian Detection Using a Cascade of Boosted Covariance Features (2008)

Efficiently and accurately detecting pedestrians plays a very important role in many computer vision applications such as video surveillance and smart cars. In order to find the right feature for this task, we first present a comprehensive experimental study on pedestrian detection using state-of-the-art locally extracted features (e.g., local receptive fields, histogram of oriented gradients, and region covariance). Building upon the findings of our experiments, we propose a new, simpler pedestrian detector using the covariance features. Unlike the work in [1], where the feature selection and weak classifier training are performed on the Riemannian manifold, we select features and train weak classifiers in the Euclidean space for faster computation. To this end, AdaBoost with weighted Fisher linear discriminant analysis-based weak classifiers are designed. A cascaded classifier structure is constructed for efficiency in the detection phase. Experiments on different datasets prove that the new pedestrian detector is not only comparable to the state-of-the-art pedestrian detectors but it also performs at a faster speed. To further accelerate the detection, we adopt a faster strategy-multiple layer boosting with heterogeneous features-to exploit the efficiency of the Haar feature and the discriminative power of the covariance feature. Experiments show that, by combining the Haar and covariance features, we speed up the original covariance feature detector [1] by up to an order of magnitude in detection time with a slight drop in detection performance.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of 6‐Trimethylsiloxy‐ and 6‐(Trimethylsilyl)methyl‐ 3‐phenyl‐5,6‐dihydro‐4H‐1,2‐oxazines by Cycloaddition of α‐Nitrosostyrene to Silyl Enol Ethers and Allyltrimethylsilane. (1987)

Abstract Cycloaddition reaction of α‐nitrosostyrene (II), generated from α‐chloroacetophenone oxime (I) and bases, with the silyl enol ethers (III) or the allyltrimethylsilane (V) produces the dihydro‐1,2‐oxazine derivatives (IV) and (VI) respectively.
Biological Mechanisms Linking Obesity and Cancer Risk: New Perspectives (2010)

Body mass index, as an approximation of body adiposity, is associated with increased risk of several common and less common malignancies in a sex- and site-specific manner. These findings implicate sex- and cancer site-specific biological mechanisms underpinning these associations, and it is unlikely that there is a "one system fits all" mechanism. Three main candidate systems have been proposed-insulin and the insulin-like growth factor-I axis, sex steroids, and adipokines-but there are shortfalls to these hypotheses. In this review, three novel candidate mechanisms are proposed: obesity-induced hypoxia, shared genetic susceptibility, and migrating adipose stromal cells. While public health policies aimed at curbing the underlying causes of the obesity epidemic are being implemented, there is a parallel need to better understand the biological processes linking obesity and cancer as a prerequisite to the development of new approaches to prevention and treatment.
Image resampling and constraint formulation for multiframe superresolution restoration (2003)

Multi-frame super-resolution restoration algorithms commonly utilize a linear observation model relating the recorded images to the unknown restored image estimates. Working within this framework, we demonstrate a method for generalizing the observation model to incorporate spatially varying point spread functions and general motion fields. The method utilizes results from image resampling theory which is shown to have equivalences with the multi-frame image observation model used in super-resolution restoration. An algorithm for computing the coefficients of the spatially varying observation filter is developed. Examples of the application of the proposed method are presented.
Textual modeling tools (2010)

Domain Specific Languages (DSL) attract more and more users as they are specialized and optimized for a certain problem area. Currently the number of new emerging Programming Languages is significant [1] but GPL (General Purpose Languages) do often not fit the specific need of the end-user. DSL are one way to solve this problem. DSLs can be divided into different independent dimensions: e.g. internal vs. external or textual vs. graphical or tabular. In this paper we focus on textual syntaxes as they have several advantages like easy information exchange via e.g. mail, integration into existing tools like diff, merge and version control and most important the fast editing style supported by the "usual" IDE support like code completion, error markers, intentions and quick fixes. While Fowler described the initial vision of Language Workbenches [2], several mature Textual Language Workbenches have emerged in recent years. In this paper we will compare them with a consistent example and look at pros and cons.
An Algorithm for Restricted Least Squares Regression (1983)

Abstract A commonly occurring problem in statistics is that of minimizing a least squares expression subject to side constraints. Here a simple iterative algorithm is presented and shown to converge to the desired solution. Several examples are presented, including finding the closest concave (convex) function to a set of points and other general quadratic programming problems. The dual problem to the basic problem is also discussed and a solution for it is given in terms of the algorithm. Finally, extensions to expressions other than least squares are given.
Real-Time Human Motion Capture with Multiple Depth Cameras (2016)

Commonly used human motion capture systems require intrusive attachment of markers that are visually tracked with multiple cameras. In this work we present an efficient and inexpensive solution to markerless motion capture using only a few Kinect sensors. Unlike the previous work on 3d pose estimation using a single depth camera, we relax constraints on the camera location and do not assume a co-operative user. We apply recent image segmentation techniques to depth images and use curriculum learning to train our system on purely synthetic data. Our method accurately localizes body parts without requiring an explicit shape model. The body joint locations are then recovered by combining evidence from multiple views in real-time. We also introduce a dataset of ~6 million synthetic depth frames for pose estimation from multiple cameras and exceed state-of-the-art results on the Berkeley MHAD dataset.
Rapid pulmonary phospholipid accumulation induced by intravenous amiodarone. (1993)

Amiodarone causes accumulation of phospholipids in lung alveolar cells, and this phospholipidosis invariably is present when amiodarone pulmonary toxicity is recognized. This effect has usually been demonstrated in patients following several months of therapy. The authors report the occurrence of pulmonary phospholipidosis, diagnosed by bronchoalveolar lavage, six days after commencing intravenous amiodarone therapy.
An Alternative Approach to the Realization of Network Transfer Functions: The<i>N</i>-Path Filter (1960)

A particular time-varying network consisting of several parallel transmission paths, each containing input and output modulators, is described and analyzed. It is shown that, under certain conditions, the network may be characterized by a transfer function. A particular form of this transfer function yields periodic filtering characteristics over a limited frequency band without employing distributed elements. Techniques are also presented for realizing highly selective band-pass filters without the use of magnetic elements. Some practical applications are discussed in detail and experimental verification is presented.