gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>2D CCD imaging in oblique incidence for noninvasive measurement of biological tissues optical coefficients</title> (1998)

The measurement of absorption and scattering optical parameters (mu) <SUB>a</SUB> and (mu) '<SUB>s</SUB> is difficult in vivo. We developed a new method for non invasive measurement of these coefficients. It is based on existing steady state reflectance methods but it reduces the sensitivity to noise with an integration method. It also decreases the dependence on the sample roughness and on the angular position of the source regarding the sample. The image is circularly integrated versus the radius from the maximum to the nearest side. The integral reflectance is then fitted with a theoretical formula using 2 point sources model. We validate the method on simulation images and on calibrated Latex beads suspensions used as scattering phantoms. The integral reflectance method has then been applied to the measurements of (mu) <SUB>a</SUB> and (mu) '<SUB>s</SUB> coefficients of the human skin in vivo. We have obtained a good reproducibility of the results.
Constructing Circuits: Neurogenesis and Migration in the Developing Neocortex (2005)

Our knowledge of the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of neurons has changed dramatically over the last 10 years. Whereas traditionally it was thought that glial and neuronal cells were separate cell lines with different lineages, we now know that this is not true. Radial glia are a type of neural stem cell that generate excitatory pyramidal neurons directly through asymmetric cell division in the ventricular zone (VZ) of the telencephalon and indirectly through the symmetric division of daughter intermediate precursor cells that divide in the subventricular zone (SVZ). Moreover, pyramidal neurons, once thought to migrate only along radial guide fibers to the developing layers of the cortex, have been shown to proceed through four distinct stages of migration during which they change shape, direction, and speed. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAergic) inhibitory interneurons, on the other hand, are generated not in the cortex, but in the medial ganglionic eminence and migrate tangentially to their final cortical destinations. Evidence suggests that GABA activation may play a role in coordinating the generation and migration of both pyramidal and interneuron populations. At the end of neurogenesis, radial glial cells translocate to the cortex and transform into astrocytes. Although they do not actively divide in the adult brain, astrocytes may retain the potential to generate new neurons. These new findings have increased our understanding of the mechanisms underlying certain developmental disorders and, in doing so, reveal potentially useful modes of therapeutic intervention.
High Order Oxygen Local Vibrational Modes in ZnS<sub>1−x</sub>O<sub>x</sub> (2019)

Substitution of O in the ZnS lattice is observed to result in a doublet consisting of two local vibrational modes (LVMs) and a second order harmonic of the LVMs. The first order doublet is attributed to vibrational modes of a defect with trigonal ( C 3v ) symmetry. The results of temperature dependent resonant Raman scattering and anti‐Stokes scattering support this assignment. The substitution of O in the lattice also leads to the presence of LVM + n LO combination modes, which are interpreted in terms of the cascade model and resonance effects.
Warm-Welding of Metals in Ultrahigh Vacuum (1967)

Before metal surfaces can be welded, it is necessary to remove the contamination (oxide) layer on the surface and avoid recontamination of the clean surface by its environment prior to the welding operation. Mechanical abrasion is one way of removing the surface oxide layer used in such processes as friction-welding, roll-bonding, and diffusion-bonding. It would be desirable to have a technique for welding at low temperatures (0.1 to 0.4 Tm), with non-distorting, zero-shear type of leading. This paper describes such a process. In a uhv environment (to delay recontamination to very long times), two halves of a tensile specimen are cleaned by argon-ion bombardment, compressed at about 0.8–0.9 yield strength at 0.1 to 0.4 Tm, and held at temperature for finite times. The welded specimen is then tensile-tested in the uhv system to evaluate the process. The variables studied are temperature, time, loading, and the need for ion cleaning on various metals. Successful welds were produced in OFHC copper, Ti, and Be.
Crystallographic shear defect in molybdenum oxides: Structure and TEM of molybdenum sub‐oxides Mo<sub>18</sub>O<sub>52</sub> and Mo<sub>8</sub>O<sub>23</sub> (2003)

Abstract Molybdenum trioxide and molybdenum sub‐oxides are of great interests in catalysis due to their utilities as model system to elucidate the correlations between the structure and the catalytic performance. The suboxides are usually an intermediate phase during catalytic reaction in which the lattice oxygen is involved. We show the identification of the two common molybdenum sub‐oxides Mo 18 O 52 and Mo 8 O 23 , derived from MoO 3 by crystallographic shearing (CS), by means of electron diffraction and High‐Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) in combination with image simulation. The coincidence of simulated electron diffraction patterns and high‐resolution images with the experimental ones indicates the feasibility of CS structure determination by these techniques.
[Diagnosis of gastro esophageal reflux disease and reflux esophagitis by using the questionnaire]. (2004)

QUEST can be carried out in a short time and having high susceptibility to the patients with reflux esophagitis. QUEST is also useful as a diagnostic tool for the patients with GERD.
Evaluation of nonstarch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes in broiler diets varying in nutrient and energy levels as measured by broiler performance and processing parameters (2012)

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of 2 nonstarch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes (NSPase) on broiler performance when supplemented in corn-soybean meal diets varying in nutrient profiles. Three nutrient profiles [control diet (PC), diet with reduced energy and protein levels (NC1), and diet with a reduced energy level (NC2)] and 3 enzyme treatments (control, NSPase A, and NSPase B) were used in a 6-wk broiler trial. The nutrient profile of the control diet met the dietary specifications of a local commercial integrator. The NC1 diet was achieved by equivalent reductions (4%) in total protein and energy (133 kcal/kg) levels from the PC diet, and the NC2 diet was achieved by a 133 kcal/kg (4%) reduction in energy level compared with the PC diet. Broilers were fed the starter diet through 12 d of age, a grower diet through 26 d of age, and a finisher diet through 41 d of age. Body weight was reduced (P < 0.05) at d 12 and 26 in the NC1 diet as compared with the other 2 diets. Body weight of broilers fed the NC2 diet was reduced (P < 0.05) compared with broilers fed the PC diet on d 26. An increase (P < 0.05) in FCR was also observed through the starter period in the NC1 diet. Significant improvements (2 to 4%) were observed in FCR with the inclusion of both NSPase enzymes through the starter and grower periods of the experiment. An interaction between diet and enzyme treatment was observed for d 41 BW, with an increase (P < 0.05) being observed with NSPase B inclusion in the NC2 diet. Additionally, NSPase B inclusion increased (P < 0.05) breast meat weight in broilers fed the PC diet. Therefore, NSPase inclusion can improve growth performance in market broilers and allow for reduced nutrient inclusion rates in an effort to reduce costs.
Towards A DNA-Like Duplex without Hydrogen-Bonded Base Pairs (2002)

The inverse quadrupolar moments of the phenyl and pentafluorophenyl residues in the non-hydrogen-bonded, artificial base pair shown here promotes strong intramolecular stacking interactions in oligonucleotide duplexes. The greater the number of natural base pairs that are replaced by this novel pair, the higher the thermodynamic stability of the resulting oligonucleotide duplex if they are arranged in an alternating fashion.
Overcoming “resistance” to aspirin and clopidogrel with tirofiban: fact or fiction? (2008)

TEST 02 - Elsevier's Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Search and access research from the science, technology, medicine, social sciences and arts and humanities fields.
Electrophysiological integration and action potential properties of transplanted cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (2013)

Transplanted iPSCM can persist in the long term and integrate electrically into host tissue, supporting their potential for cell replacement therapy. Quality of electrical integration improves between 6-12 days and 6-8 months after transplantation, and there are signs of an electrophysiological maturation. However, even after 6-8 months, AP properties of transplanted iPSCM differ from those of recipient cardiomyocytes.
Privilege Structures: New Strategies for the Synthesis of Cyclic Tetrapeptides (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Model-Based Approach to HRA: Example Application and Quantitative Analysis. (2012)

Separate papers in this conference describe a model-based approach to Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) and the corresponding qualitative portion developed as part of various research efforts to improve the robustness of HRA methods. This paper describes the application of the methodology to an example from a nuclear plant probabilistic risk assessment (PRA). The goal of this exercise was to ensure that the research effort’s goals were met and to identify potential areas for improvement and to assess the methodology’s usefulness for supporting qualitative HRA. The example is based on a typical scenario from nuclear plant probabilistic risk assessment (PRA), a Steam Generator Tube Rupture (SGTR) scenario. We demonstrate the construction of the corresponding Crew Response Tree (CRT), and identify Crew Failure Modes (CFM) for the CRT scenarios using a fault tree (FT) approach. The qualitative methodology is intended to be method-agnostic from the perspective of quantification, and the outputs should be able to be used in a number of existing and future approaches to quantification. In this paper a Bayesian Network (BN) approach was selected for quantification of the impact of relevant Performance Shaping Factors (PSFs) on crew failure modes. The linking of various logic models (CRT, FTs, and BNs) is made using the Hybrid Causal Logic (HCL) methodology, which is also used to quantify HFEs of the scenario from the integrated model. This paper provides a detailed description of the exercise as well as the identified areas for improvements. The current state of both the qualitative approach and the linkage to Bayesian Networks for quantification are discussed.
Erratum to: Universal Health Coverage in Massachusetts Did Not Change the Trajectory of Arthroplasty Use or Costs (2016)

Erratum to: Clin Orthop Relat Res (2016) 474:1090-1098 DOI 10.1007/s11999-015-4643-9 Our study, “Universal Health Coverage in Massachusetts Did Not Change the Trajectory of Arthroplasty Use or Costs” published in Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research® is an analysis of the State Inpatient Database (SID), a restricted-access, publicly available dataset that is maintained by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). One of the provisions of the SID Data Use Agreement (DUA), which we signed when purchasing the data, is that no data observation involving less than or equal to 10 observations is to be published. This measure was put in place by AHRQ to protect individual patients’ privacy and to prevent the potential disclosure of personal information. In our manuscript, there are some tabulated cells in Table 1 that are in violation of this provision. This represents an oversight on my part and an inadvertent failure to comply with the DUA. For this, we apologize. We have provided a revised Table 1.Table 1: THAs and TKAs reimbursed by payerWhile I am fully confident that nothing in our paper could be used to identify individuals or their personal information, the fact remains that the disclosures are in violation of the AHRQ guidelines. We have therefore asked the editors of Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research® to post an erratum that is in compliance with the AHRQ guidelines, and request that, going forward, authors cite the corrected version of our manuscript.
Induction of Endoplasmic Reticulum–Endosome Fusion for Antigen Cross-Presentation Induced by Poly (γ-Glutamic Acid) Nanoparticles (2011)

We previously reported that poly (γ-glutamic acid)-based nanoparticles (γ-PGA NPs) are excellent vaccine carriers for inducing efficient cross-presentation in dendritic cells, thereby producing strong antitumor immunity in vivo. Analyzing the mechanism of cross-presentation induced by γ-PGA NPs will be useful toward designing novel vaccine carriers. In this study, we show an intracellular mechanism of efficient cross-presentation induced by OVA-loaded γ-PGA NPs. Cross-presentation induced by γ-PGA NPs depended on cytoplasmic proteasomes and TAP, similar to the classical MHC class I presentation pathway for endogenous Ags. Intracellular behavior analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that encapsulated OVA and γ-PGA accumulated in both the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and endosome compartments within 2 h. At the same time, electron microscopy analysis clearly showed that intracellular γ-PGA NPs and encapsulated Au NPs were enveloped in endosome-like vesicles, not in the ER. These findings strongly suggest that γ-PGA NPs enhance ER-endosome fusion for cross-presentation. Moreover, inhibition of ER translocon sec61 significantly decreased the γ-PGA NP/OVA-mediated cross-presentation efficiency, indicating that sec61 is important for transporting Ags from the fused ER-endosome to the cytoplasm. These findings imply that the ER-endosome complex is key for the efficient cross-presentation of Ags encapsulated in γ-PGA NPs.
Nitrogen oxide abatement by distributed fuel addition. Quarterly report No. 1, August 1, 1987--October 31, 1987 (1987)

This program is designed to develop techniques for NO{sub x} abatement by distributed fuel addition. It is expected that multiple fuel and air addition in the post flame of a combustion process will increase free radical concentrations which destroy nitrogenous species as they decay toward their equilibrium concentrations. This concept will be investigated under both fuel rich and fuel lean conditions in the reburn zone. This report is a brief description of the proposed experimental plan. Results of two preliminary experiments are reported which show the effect of reburning or distributed fuel addition on nitric oxide concentrations.
Effect of 2-Amino Substitution on the Antiviral Effects of 5-Ethyl-2′-Deoxyuridine and (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2′-Deoxyuridine and Their Incorporation into DNA (1991)

Abstract The 2-amino derivatives of 5-ethyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EDU) and (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2′-deoxyuridine (BVDU) have been synthesized and evaluated for anti-herpesvirus activity. They were at least 1000-fold less effective against herpes simplex virus replication than the parent compounds EDU and BVDU. The 5′-triphosphates of the 2-amino substituted EDU, BVDU and thymidine derivatives were also synthesized and examined on their substrate/inhibitor properties against different DNA polymerases. None of the compounds proved markedly inhibitory to HSV-1 DNA polymerase or cellular DNA polymerase a. Nor were they incorporated into the growing DNA chain.
Synthesis of Nonsymmetrical 5-Aryl-2-indolopyrrole Derivatives via Controlled Mono Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling on N-Boc-2,5-dibromopyrrole (2010)

The first example of mono Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of N-Boc-2,5-dibromopyrrole with a boronic acid (indol-2-ylboronic acid) is reported. The resulting 2-indolyl-5-bromopyrrole derivative was in turn coupled with a variety of aryl- or heteroarylboronic acids thereby providing the corresponding non-symmetrical 2,5-disubstituted pyrroles in good to excellent yields. The tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) groups could be easily removed to give the completely deprotected products.
Eosinophilic ileitis with perforation caused by Angiostrongylus (Parastrongylus) costaricensis. A case study and review. (1997)

Angiostrongylus costaricensis (classified under the more specific genus Parastrongylus by different authors) is a filiform intestinal nematode endemic to Central and South America, which afflicts primarily the pediatric population 1 to 13 years of age. Only three cases of adult infections have been previously documented outside the endemic region. To our knowledge, we report the first such case in the western United States, as well as the oldest patient yet recorded. Our patient is a 73-year-old woman living in Los Angeles who presented with an acute abdomen 4 weeks following a 5-month visit to El Salvador. Examination of the gross ileum removed at exploratory laparotomy revealed a perforation associated with a segmentally thickened intestinal wall. Microscopic examination showed eosinophilic ileitis, arterial lumens containing nematodes morphologically consistent with A costaricensis, eggs in the submucosa, and arteriolitis with thrombosis.
Rearrangement and Expression of Erythropoietin Genes in Transformed Mouse Cells (1987)

The erythroleukemia cell line IW32, derived by transformation with the Friend murine leukemia virus, has been shown previously to produce erythropoietin (EPO) constitutively. Here we demonstrate that, in addition to the normal mouse EPO locus, this cell line has another EPO locus which has undergone rearrangement and amplification. Both loci were cloned, and the rearrangement breakpoint of the second EPO locus was located within a 1.1-kilobase region upstream of an otherwise apparently normal EPO gene. There are no viral sequences present in the immediate vicinity of the rearranged EPO gene. DNase I digestion studies suggest that the rearranged gene is in a region where the chromatin is more sensitive to DNase hydrolysis than is the site of the normal gene. We conclude, tentatively, that the rearranged EPO locus is probably the transcriptionally active one and that either proviral sequences are acting at a distance to activate the EPO gene or the rearrangement itself has served to activate the gene.
Nodal Melanocytic Nevi in Sentinel Lymph Nodes Correlation With Melanoma-Associated Cutaneous Nevi (2004)

Melanocytic nevi occurring in lymph nodes create diagnostic difficulty by mimicking metastases. Few studies describe nodal nevi in sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) excised for melanoma. We evaluated 72 cases in which patients had undergone SLN biopsy for melanoma. Lymph nodes and cutaneous melanomas were evaluated according to a standard protocol. Nodal nevi were identified in 8 patients (11%). Of these, 6 (75%) had an associated cutaneous nevus (P = .006). Of 21 patients with an associated nevus, 4 (19%) with nodal nevi had a cutaneous nevus with congenital features (P = .01). The incidence of nodal nevus correlated with a Breslow thickness greater than 2.5 mm (P = .02). Nevi were not seen in non-SLNs. Nodal nevi appear more frequently in patients with melanoma-associated cutaneous nevi, particularly if congenital features are present. The increased frequency of nodal nevi in SLNs relative to non-SLNs suggests an etiology of mechanical transport of nevus cells.
Fuzzy logic control based modulation optimisation for the indoor optical wireless channel (2010)

The optical wireless (OW) channel has attracted recent interests from researchers as a complement to the already crowded RF spectrum. The OW offers many advantages over RF, such as unregulated bandwidth and improved security and less interference with existing systems, for example. The modulation schemes developed for OW are limited by the combined power and bandwidth requirements, since the communication link is often exposed to intense background noise and channel dynamics. In order to improve the link quality and immunity, rule-based fuzzy logic (FL) control and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) are applied to modulation optimisation under different channel variation. It has been demonstrated that the FL control model can be used to realise real time parameter optimisation, with preset instructions or a learned control pattern. The obtained control model has shown the ability to learn from the desired parameter optimisation, and training results agree well with preset instructions. Since the control model is rule based, it can be easily migrated into different scenarios. This is certainly helpful for high speed applications where link quality is vital.
Nomad (2007)

Virtual machine (VM) technology is experiencing a resurgence due to various benefits including ease of management, security and resource consolidation. Live migration of virtual machines allows transparent movement of OS instances and hosted applications across physical machines. It is one of the most useful features of VM technology because it provides a powerful tool for effective administration of modern cluster environments. Migrating network resources is one of the key problems that need to be addressed in the VM migration process. Existing studies of VM migration have focused on traditional I/O interfaces such as Ethernet. However, modern high-speed interconnects with intelligent NICs pose significantly more challenges as they have additional features including hardware level reliable services and direct I/O accesses. In this paper we present Nomad, a design for migrating modern interconnects with the aforementioned features, focusing on cluster environments running VMs. We introduce a thin namespace virtualization layer to efficiently address location dependent resource handles and a handshake protocol which transparently maintains reliable service semantics during migration. We demonstrate our design by implementing a prototype based on the Xen virtual machine monitor and InfiniBand. Our performance analysis shows that Nomad can achieve efficient migration of network resources, even in environments with stringent communication performance requirements.
Evaluation of Micro Catalytic Combustor Using Tape-casting Ceramic Structure (2004)

Micro-scale catalytic combustion of butane is investigated. Nano-porous alumina fabricated through anodic oxidation of thermally-evaporated aluminum is employed for the catalyst support. A ceramic combustor with a 3-D manifold is developed using high-precision tape-catsing method, and Pt/Al_2O_3 catalyst layer is successfully integrated into the ceramic microchannel. It is found that the reaction heat is strongly dependent on the pore density and the pore diameter. Combustion density as large as 550MW/m^3 is obtained.