gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RESEARCH ON A GENERATOR FOR THE ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY ON GEV-1 RAILROAD CARS (1974)

Results are given of experimental research on a GEV-1 generator for the electric power supply for railroad cars. A silicon three-phase bridge rectifier unit (VK2-200) is used for rectifying the alternating current. The power produced by the generator on the direct current side is 15.8 kilowatts with a rotation speed of 900 - 3000 rpm. The characteristics of the machine, efficiency factor of the sinusoidal stress curve when idling, and the load with the rectifier and without it are given. Magnetic measurement was done on some parts of the machine's magnetic circuit and the leakage coefficient was determined.
Down Syndrome and Vascular Disease: DSCR1 and NFAT Signaling (2011)

Down Syndrome (DS) is one of the most common genetic disorders to date, occurring in 1 out of every 800-1000 live births (Egan et al. 2004; Roizen & Patterson, 2003; Stoll et al. 1990). DS patients often display several developmental and cognitive deficiencies. Common phenotypes of DS patients include congenital heart disease, dysmorphic physical features, and early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Since the discovery in 1959 that DS occurs from an extra copy of human chromosome 21 (hChr21) (Lejeune J, Gautier & Turpin, 1959), questions arose whether a 1.5-fold increase in a gene or set of genes were responsible for the phenotypes associated with DS. Sequence analysis of hChr21 indentified over 225 genes and/or predicted genes (Hattori et al. 2000). With the recent advances in sequencing, the gene content of hChr21 is now estimated to exceed 300 genes (Roizen & Patterson, 2003). While typically characterized by complete trisomy of hChr21, several DS cases, however, demonstrate that partial trisomy of hChr21 is enough to elicit the phenotypes associated with DS (Stoll et al. 1990), hence arising the concept of a Down Syndrome Critical Region (DSCR). The DSCR theory suggests that enhanced expression of a few genes located in this critical chromosomal region (between markers D21S17 and D21S55 (Delabar et al. 1993; Korenberg et al. 1994)) are responsible for some, if not all, of the features of DS. Olson LE et al show, however, that triplication of this region alone is not enough to fully manifest the phenotypes associated with DS (Olson et al. 2004; Olson et al. 2007). These findings contradict the longstanding DSCR theory, indicating that the genetic instability seen with hChr21 triplication is not merely from excess gene expression. Rather, the functional interactions occurring within a set of overexpressed genes may explain the various phenotypes observed in DS. Many of the triplicate genes on hChr21 are implicated in several diseases. Cohorts of genes, interestingly, have been associated with pathologies that appear to be more common for DS individuals. A group of at least 16 genes on hChr21 have been correlated with a role in energy and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism (Roizen & Patterson, 2003). Several studies have linked mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic disorders with DS (Arbuzova, Hutchin & Cuckle, 2002). In vitro, DS neurons were observed to have 3to 4-fold increases in reactive oxygen species compared to control cells, with elevated rates of consequent cell apoptosis (Busciglio & Yankner, 1995). Degeneration of DS neurons was rescued by administration of free-radical scavengers, suggesting DS neurons are unable to efficiently metabolize ROS. DS patients are also evidenced to have increased mitochondrial superoxide
<i>Ebf1</i> or <i>Pax5</i> haploinsufficiency synergizes with STAT5 activation to initiate acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2011)

As STAT5 is critical for the differentiation, proliferation, and survival of progenitor B cells, this transcription factor may play a role in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Here, we show increased expression of activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5), which is correlated with poor prognosis, in ALL patient cells. Mutations in EBF1 and PAX5, genes critical for B cell development have also been identified in human ALL. To determine whether mutations in Ebf1 or Pax5 synergize with STAT5 activation to induce ALL, we crossed mice expressing a constitutively active form of STAT5 (Stat5b-CA) with mice heterozygous for Ebf1 or Pax5. Haploinsufficiency of either Pax5 or Ebf1 synergized with Stat5b-CA to rapidly induce ALL in 100% of the mice. The leukemic cells displayed reduced expression of both Pax5 and Ebf1, but this had little effect on most EBF1 or PAX5 target genes. Only a subset of target genes was deregulated; this subset included a large percentage of potential tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes. Further, most of these genes appear to be jointly regulated by both EBF1 and PAX5. Our findings suggest a model whereby small perturbations in a self-reinforcing network of transcription factors critical for B cell development, specifically PAX5 and EBF1, cooperate with STAT5 activation to initiate ALL.
An essential function of phosphatidylinositol phosphates in activation of plant shaker‐type K<sup>+</sup> channels (2005)

A prominent regulatory property of plant shaker-type K+ channels is the 'rundown' that causes channel closure upon membrane excision from the cell, implicating intracellular factor(s) in maintaining channel activity. One such factor has been identified as hydrolysable ATP-Mg although the mechanism for ATP function remains unknown. Here we report identification of phosphatidylinositol (PI) phosphates (PIPs) as essential regulators for the voltage-dependent and -independent activation of plant shaker-type channels such as SKOR, an outward rectifying K+ channel. Inhibition of PI kinase activity abolished the function of ATP-Mg in restoration of rundown channel activity, demonstrating that PIPs production by PI kinases and ATP-Mg underlies ATP-induced activation of the rundown channel. We also identified aluminum block as a common feature of the plant shaker-type channels and provided evidence that aluminum block of these channels may result from Al interaction with PIPs.
Ionic liquid electrodeposition of reactive metals (2008)

Ionic liquids are solvents of interest for applications such as electroplating, winning and refining of metals. Of particular interest is the possibility of processing reactive metals such as aluminium, magnesium and titanium that cannot be deposited from aqueous solutions. Aluminium has been electrodeposited from AlCl3: ionic liquid mixtures at low temperatures relative to conventional Hall-Héroult smelting. Imidazolium ionic liquids have been used in the past due to their relatively high ionic conductivity and cation stability. The less studied and less expensive phosphonium ionic liquids systems may provide a viable alternative to imidazolium ionic liquids for certain applications. New information regarding the physical properties and electrochemical behaviour of phosphonium ionic liquid systems is presented.
UV Resonance Raman Study of the Spatial Dependence of α-Helix Unfolding<sup>†</sup> (2002)

We used ultraviolet resonance Raman (UVRR) spectra to examine the spatial dependence and the thermodynamics of α-helix melting of an isotopically labeled α-helical, 21-residue, mainly alanine peptide. The peptide was synthesized with six natural abundance amino acids at the center and mainly perdeuterated residues elsewhere. Cα deuteration of a peptide bond decouples Cα−H bending from N−H bending, which significantly shifts the random coil conformation amide III band; this shift clearly resolves it from the amide III band of the nondeuterated peptide bonds. Analysis of the isotopically spectrally resolved amide III bands from the external and central peptide amide bonds show that the six central amide bonds have a higher α-helix melting temperature (∼32 °C) than that of the exterior amide bonds (∼5 °C).
Topically effective ocular hypotensive acetazolamide and ethoxyzolamide formulations in rabbits (1994)

The effect of topically active 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CyD) eye-drop formulations containing solutions of acetazolamide, ethoxyzolamide or timolol on the intra-ocular pressure (IOP) was investigated in normotensive conscious rabbits. Both acetazolamide and ethoxyzolamide were active but their IOP-lowering effect was less than that of timolol. The IOP-lowering effects of acetazolamide and ethoxyzolamide and that of timolol appeared to be to some extent additive. Combination of acetazolamide and timolol or ethoxyzolamide and timolol in one HP-beta-CyD formulation resulted in a significant increase in the duration of activity compared with HP-beta-CyD formulations containing only acetazolamide, ethoxyzolamide or timolol. Also, it was possible to increase the IOP-lowering effect of acetazolamide by formulating the drug as a suspension in an aqueous HP-beta-CyD vehicle.
The role and relevance of phospholipase D1 during growth and dimorphism of Candida albicans (2001)

The phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase D1 (PLD1) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is involved in vesicle transport and is essential for sporulation. The gene encoding the homologous phospholipase D1 from Candida albicans (PLD1) was used to study the role of PLD1 in this pathogenic fungus. In vitro and in vivo expression studies using Northern blots and reverse transcriptase-PCR showed low PLD1 mRNA levels in defined media supporting yeast growth and during experimental infection, while enhanced levels of PLD1 transcripts were detected during the yeast to hyphal transition. To study the relevance of PLD1 during yeast and hyphal growth, an essential part of the gene was deleted in both alleles of two isogenic strains. In vitro PLD1 activity assays showed that pld1 mutants produced no detectable levels of phosphatidic acid, the hydrolytic product of PLD1 activity, and strongly reduced levels of diacylglycerol, the product of lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase, suggesting no or a negligible background PLD1 activity in the pld1 mutants. The pld1 mutants showed no growth differences compared to the parental wild-type in liquid complex and minimal media, independent of the growth temperature. In addition, growth rates of pld1 mutants in media with protein as the sole source of nitrogen were similar to growth rates of the wild-type, indicating that secretion of proteinases was not reduced. Chlamydospore formation was normal in pld1 mutants. When germ tube formation was induced in liquid media, pld1 mutants showed similar rates of yeast to hyphal transition compared to the wild-type. However, no hyphae formation was observed on solid Spider medium, and cell growth on cornmeal/Tween 80 medium indicated aberrant morphogenesis. In addition, pld1 mutants growing on solid media had an attenuated ability to invade the agar. In a model of oral candidosis, pld1 mutants showed no attenuation of virulence. In contrast, the mutant was less virulent in two different mouse models. These data suggest that PLD1 is not essential for growth and oral infections. However, they also suggest that a prominent part of the phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol pools is produced by PLD1 and that the level of these components is important for morphological transitions under certain conditions in C. albicans.
Cloning and genetic characterization of a <i>Hellcobacter pylori</i> flagellin gene (1992)

Helicobacter pylori produces polar sheathed flagella, which are believed to be essential for the bacterial colonization of the human gastric mucosa. Here we report on the cloning and genetic characterization of a H. pylori gene encoding the subunit of the flagellar filament, the flagellin. Screening of a genomic library of H. pylori with an oligonucleotide probe derived from the N-terminal amino acid sequence of purified flagellin resulted in a recombinant plasmid clone carrying the flagellin-encoding gene flaA on a 9.3 kb Bg/II fragment. The nucleotide sequence of flaA revealed an open reading frame of 1530 nucleotides, encoding a protein with a predicted molecular mass of 53.2 kDa, which is similar in size with the purified flagellin protein in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Sequence alignment of H. pylori flagellin (FlaA) with other bacterial flagellins demonstrates a high degree of similarity in the amino-terminal and carboxy-terminal regions, including those of the closely related genus Campylobacter (56% overall identity with Campylobacter coli flaA), but little homology in the central domain. Southern hybridizations of chromosomal DNA with flaA-specific probes did not reveal the presence of additional homologous flagellin genes in H. pylori. Sequence analysis of the flaA flanking regions and mapping of the flaA mRNA start site by a primer extension experiment indicated that transcription of the gene is under the control of a sigma 28-specific promoter sequence in H. pylori. The region upstream of the flaA promoter is subject to local DNA modification, resulting in the masking of two out of three closely linked HindIII restriction sites in the chromosome of strain 898-1. Escherichia coli strains harbouring the recombinant plasmid did not produce full-length flagellin and data obtained with FlaA fusion proteins using an E. coli plasmid expression system suggest that a distinct nucleotide sequence in the gene interferes with productive translation of this protein in E. coli.
RELEASE OF ULTRAVIOLET-ABSORBING MATERIAL FROM ESCHERICHIA COLI AT SUBZERO TEMPERATURES (1963)

When cells of Escherichia coli were suspended in dilute artificial seawater and cooled to various subzero temperatures, a maximum lethal effect occurred around −40 °C. In addition, rapid cooling to −26 °C of bacteria, suspended in concentrated, non-freezing seawater caused a pronounced decrease in viability ("cold shock"). The loss in viability was accompanied by a proportional release from the cells of ultraviolet-absorbing material and by an increase in the ribose and organic phosphorus contents of the suspending liquid. It seems possible that the released material, at least partly, consisted of nucleotides or nucleic acids.
Electronic Musical Instruments—Past, Present, and Future (1954)

The history of music is long, stretching back thousands of years into the past. The history of electronic musical instruments is short, spanning less than 50 years, but in that time notable accomplishments in artistry, ingenuity, and invention have been made. The future presents an intriguing field for surmise and speculation.
Interference cancellation in respiratory sounds via a multiresolution joint time-delay and signal-estimation scheme (1997)

This paper is concerned with the problem of cancellation of heart sounds from the acquired respiratory sounds using a new joint time-delay and signal-estimation (JTDSE) procedure. Multiresolution discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is first applied to decompose the signals into several subbands. To accurately separate the heart sounds from the acquired respiratory sounds, time-delay estimation (TDE) is performed iteratively in each subband using two adaptation mechanisms that minimize the sum of squared errors between these signals. The time delay is updated using a nonlinear adaptation, namely the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm, while the function of the other adaptive system-which uses the block fast transversal filter (BFTF)-is to minimize the mean squared error between the outputs of the delay estimator and the adaptive filter. The proposed methodology possesses a number of key benefits such as the incorporation of multiple complementary information at different subbands, robustness in presence of noise, and accuracy in TDE. The scheme is applied to several cases of simulated and actual respiratory sounds under different conditions and the results are compared with those of the standard adaptive filtering. The results showed the promise of the scheme for the TDE and subsequent interference cancellation.
Cocaine Toxicity in Cultured Chicken Hepatocytes: Role of Cytochrome P450 (1994)

Cocaine (COC) causes liver damage in several species, including man. Chicken embryo hepatocyte cultures were evaluated as a model system to investigate the mechanism of cocaine-mediated hepatotoxicity. Parameters used to assess toxicity were: (1) release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); (2) decreased induction of 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase (ALAS), measured as porphyrin accumulation; and (3) decreased protein synthesis. Exposure of untreated cultures to COC or norcocaine (NOR) caused dose-dependent increases in LDH release, decreased protein synthesis, and eventual cell death. Pretreatment with 2-propyl-2-isopropylacetamide (PIA), a phenobarbital-like inducer of cytochrome P450, accelerated toxicity and lowered the threshold dose at which toxicity occurred. PIA pretreatment also increased rates of elimination of both COC and NOR and increased rates of formation of NOR from COC. The toxicity of COC and NOR could also be detected as decreased porphyrin accumulation. Addition of the P450 inhibitor SKF-525A concurrently with COC or NOR decreased their rates of elimination. SKF-525A also prevented the increase in LDH release as well as the decrease in protein synthesis caused by treatment with COC or N-hydroxynorcocaine (N-OH). Addition of SKF-525A up to 3 hr after COC resulted in partial prevention of the LDH increase. Exposure of the cultures to COC induced cytochrome P450 2H protein. We conclude that this hepatocyte culture system is highly sensitive to COC toxicity and that constitutive as well as induced cytochrome P450 isoforms are involved in the production of liver damage from COC.
Effects of dexmedetomidine, a selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist, on hemodynamic control mechanisms (1989)

Dexmedetomidine, a selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, was administered to five healthy male volunteers in single intravenous doses of 12.5, 25, 50, and 75 micrograms as part of a placebo-controlled study. The drug caused dose-dependent decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. A small initial hypertensive response was observed after injection of the two highest doses. Heart rate was decreased. The concentration of norepinephrine in plasma was decreased significantly (by up to 92%), and the decrease was dose-dependent. No significant drug-induced alterations were observed in plasma renin activity or in the concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide and arginine vasopressin in plasma. Other drug effects included dose-dependent impairment of vigilance and stimulation of growth hormone secretion. Plasma cortisol levels were unaffected. Dexmedetomidine is a potentially useful tool for studies of the physiology and pharmacology of alpha 2-adrenoceptors in human beings and may have therapeutic applications in clinical conditions in which sedative and sympatholytic effects are considered beneficial, such as premedication for anesthesia and surgery.
New therapeutic potential for psychoactive natural products (2009)

Much of our knowledge in neuroscience was discovered through the study of mind-altering natural products. However, although much has been learned about human physiology and basic biological processes, the underlying causes of CNS disorders and other disease states are still elusive. Based on its main past successes, the continued study of mind-altering compounds promises to yield novel agents that may be developed into medications and to identify new targets for the treatment of diseases. This Highlight describes the history of investigations into several classes of mind-altering natural products and relates recent and potential therapeutic uses for these agents.
Selenium-Based Solid-Phase Synthesis of Benzopyrans II: Applications to Combinatorial Synthesis of Medicinally Relevant Small Organic Molecules (2000)

A practical new strategy for solid-phase chemistry and combinatorial synthesis has been developed. A collection of resin-bound 2,2-dimethylbenzopyran scaffolds have been constructed employing a novel selenium-based simultaneous cyclization and loading (“cycloloading”) approach (see scheme). Selected scaffolds have been further elaborated to provide small combinatorial libraries of various natural products and designed molecules.
Nonlinear smoothing for reduction of systematic and random errors in diffusion tensor imaging (2000)

Calculation and sorting of the eigenvectors of diffusion using diffusion tensor imaging has previously been shown to be sensitive to noise levels in the acquired data. This sensitivity manifests as random and systematic errors in the diffusion eigenvalues and derived parameters such as indices of anisotropy. An optimized application of nonlinear smoothing techniques to diffusion data prior to calculation of the diffusion tensor is shown to reduce both random and systematic errors, while causing little blurring of anatomical structures. Conversely, filtering applied to calculated images of fractional anisotropy is shown to fail in reducing systematic errors and in recovering anatomical detail. Using both real and simulated brain data sets, it is demonstrated that this approach has the potential to allow acquisition of data that would otherwise be too noisy to be of use.
Trans-synaptic induction of dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) β-hydroxylase in adrenergic tissues of the rat (1971)

Research Article| July 01 1971 Trans-synaptic induction of dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) β-hydroxylase in adrenergic tissues of the rat P B Molinoff; P B Molinoff 1Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md. 20014, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar S Brimijoin; S Brimijoin 1Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md. 20014, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J Axelrod J Axelrod 1Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md. 20014, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd © 1971 London: The Biochemical Society1971 Biochem J (1971) 123 (4): 32P–33P. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1230032P Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation P B Molinoff, S Brimijoin, J Axelrod; Trans-synaptic induction of dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) β-hydroxylase in adrenergic tissues of the rat. Biochem J 1 July 1971; 123 (4): 32P–33P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1230032P Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1971 London: The Biochemical Society1971 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Freeze-drying: an alternative method for the analysis of volatile organic compounds in the headspace of urine samples using solid phase micro-extraction coupled to gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (2016)

In this work we compared the performance of sample preparation methods for the SPME-GC-MS analysis of urine samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the potential of freeze-dry as an alternative sample preparation method. Our results indicate that freeze-drying has potential to be used as an alternative method for the SPME-GC-MS analysis of urine samples. Additional studies using internal standard, synthetic urine and calibration curves will allow a more precise quantification of metabolites and additional comparisons between methods.Graphical abstractEnhancing VOC profiling from urine samples.