gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Circadian rhythm and blood pressure control: physiological and pathophysiological factors. (1994)

Blood pressure variability and the blunted nocturnal fall in blood pressure may be clinically relevant. Several studies have demonstrated that subjects whose 24-h variability was higher than the group average were more likely to have target-organ damage. Moreover, hypertensive women with a blunted nocturnal fall in blood pressure (non-dippers) are more likely to suffer morbid cardiovascular events than dippers. On theoretical grounds, therefore, antihypertensive treatment that reduces blood pressure variability and preserves the nocturnal fall in blood pressure will help to protect target organs in hypertension. So far, this has not been demonstrated in clinical trials.
Lead Screening for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease of IKK2 Inhibited by Traditional Chinese Medicine (2014)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic obstructive lung disease and is frequently found in well-developed countries due to the issue of aging populations. Not all forms of medical treatment are unable to return a patient's limited pulmonary function back to normal and eventually they could require a lung transplant. At this time, COPD is the leading cause of death in the world. Studies surveying I-kappa-B-kinase beta (IKK2) are very relevant to the occurrence and deterioration of the condition COPD. The sinapic acid-4-O-sulfate, kaempferol, and alpha-terpineol were found to be IKK2 inhibitors and helped prevent COPD occurrence and worsening according to a screening of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) database. The protein-ligand interaction of these three compounds with regard to IKK2 was also done by molecular dynamics. The docking poses, hydrogen bond variation, and hydrophobic interactions found Asp103 and Lys106 are crucial to IKK2 binding areas for IKK2 inhibition. Finally, we found the three compounds that have an equally strong effect in terms of IKK2 binding proven by the TCM database and perhaps these may be an alternative treatment for COPD in the future.
Performance analysis of transparent relays in 802.16j MMR networks (2008)

A simulation study of the performance of transparent mode relay-based 802.16j systems is described. The study focuses on the gain in throughput that is possible in omnidirectional relay systems and increases in signalling requirements that arise due to the multihop network architecture. The study finds that the introduction of transparent mode relays cannot deliver improved throughput for a substantial part of the coverage area of a Base Station (BS) - only approximately half of the total area covered by the BS can benefit from throughput enhancement. Further, the study shows that 802.16j based systems require significant signalling overhead, with almost twice that of 802.16e in the cases studied. Finally, the study demonstrates that in a topology with users uniformly distributed within the BS cell coverage, the maximum throughput increase on the downlink that can be achieved is relatively low. Much further work is necessary to realise useful gains from these systems.
Chemotherapy-Associated Oxidative Stress: Impact on Chemotherapeutic Effectiveness (2004)

Antineoplastic agents induce oxidative stress in biological systems. During cancer chemotherapy, oxidative stress-induced lipid peroxidation generates numerous electrophilic aldehydes that can attack many cellular targets. These products of oxidative stress can slow cell cycle progression of cancer cells and cause cell cycle checkpoint arrest, effects that may interfere with the ability of anticancer drugs to kill cancer cells. The aldehydes may also inhibit drug-induced apoptosis (programmed cell death) by inactivating death receptors and inhibiting caspase activity. These effects would also diminish the efficacy of the treatment. The use of anti-oxidants during chemotherapy may enhance therapy by reducing the generation of oxidative stress-induced aldehydes.
Fielding multilevel security into command and control systems (2002)

The Joint MLS Technology Insertion Program was established by the Joint Staff J6 in January 1990. A key component of the Joint MLS program is the DoD testbed at Military Airlift command (MAC). Scott Air Force Base (AFB), Illinois. The testbed is addressing critical secure system integration issues associated with expediting the deployment of MLS capabilities and components into operational command and control (C/sup 2/) systems. The paper discusses the activities, successes, and challenges associated with the testbed activities at MAC.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Measuring Deterioration in International Classification of Functioning Domains of People With Multiple Sclerosis Who Are Ambulatory (2007)

The results show the relative responsiveness of different measures in the subsample who deteriorated and provide data that can facilitate the interpretation of score changes in people with MS who are ambulatory for future studies and in clinical practice.
Electrochemical aspects of leaching copper from chalcopyrite in ferric and cupric salt solutions (1981)

Electrochemical aspects of semiconductors are used to interpret well established observations on the kinetics of leaching of chalcopyrite. The oxidation of this n-type semiconductor is dominated by a surface film which is thermally unstable and breaks down in CS2, acetone or acidified water, or under dry nitrogen, over comparable time periods. The film is thought to be a semiconductor metal-deficient polysulfide which slows transport of Cu+ and Fe2+ products, slows electron transfer to oxidants such as Fe3+ and Cu2+, and dramatically slows supply of holes and thus electron transfer from reduced species such as Fe2+ on corroding chalcopyrite. Thus the Fe3+/Fe2+ couple (especially as sulfate) is much less reversible on corroding chalcopyrite than on pyrite or platinum. The couples Cu2+/Cu+,I3-/I- and Fe(CN)63-/Fe(CN)64- are more reversible than Fe3+ /Fe2+ but all couples are much less reversible on chalcopyrite than on pyrite. A layer of sulfur forms on corroding chalcopyrite, but this is not the species which slows transport of ions and transfer of electrons. A mixture of Fe3+/Cu2+ chlorides is one of the more effective oxidants for CuFeS2 because of relatively fast electron transfer from corroding chalcopyrite to Cu2+ and oxidation of Cu+ by Fe3+. Catalysis by iodine and by inclusion of Ag2S or FeS2 in natural chalcopyrite is explained by the electrochemical model.
Use of novel preparations of heparin to eliminate interference in ionized calcium measurements: have all the problems been solved? (1994)

Journal Article Use of novel preparations of heparin to eliminate interference in ionized calcium measurements: have all the problems been solved? Get access J Toffaletti J Toffaletti Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 40, Issue 4, 1 April 1994, Pages 508–509, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/40.4.508 Published: 01 April 1994
Role of the Septum in the Excitatory Effect of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone on the Acoustic Startle Reflex (1997)

Intracerebroventricular administration of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) elicits a constellation of behavioral, autonomic, and endocrinological changes typically observed in stress. One of the behavioral changes after intracerebroventricular CRH is a profound increase of startle amplitude (CRH-enhanced startle). The present study examined the role of the septum in CRH-enhanced startle. The septum has direct and indirect connections to the amygdala and inhibits the amygdala. Electrophysiological data show that CRH in the septum is inhibitory. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that intracerebroventricular CRH inhibits the septum, which in turn disinhibits the amygdala, resulting in a constellation of changes via activation of amygdala efferent targets. In testing this hypothesis, it was found that electrolytic lesions of the medial septum, but not the lateral septum, blocked CRH-enhanced startle. However, fiber-sparing chemical lesions of the medial septum did not block CRH-enhanced startle, suggesting that the blockade seen with the electrolytic lesions was caused by damage to fibers of passage. A major fiber bundle passing through the medial septum is the fornix, the primary efferent pathway for the hippocampus. Fimbria transection blocked CRH-enhanced startle almost completely, whereas the large electrolytic lesions of the dorsal hippocampus did not block CRH-enhanced startle. Taken together, these data suggest that perhaps the ventral hippocampus and its efferent target areas, which communicate via the fimbria, may be critically involved in CRH-enhanced startle.
In re Marriage of Baker (2013)

An individual was allowed to lease tribal land because of her tribal membership. The district court erroneously considered that tribal land an asset in the marriage dissolution proceeding, and the individual appealed. The Montana Supreme Court held that tribal land must be excluded from consideration in such cases because the Tribe owns the land, not the individual. Additionally, a state court does not have authority to allocate tribal property because Indian trust property can only be conveyed with the consent of the Secretary of the Interior.
Posaconazole: A Broad-Spectrum Triazole Antifungal Agent (2007)

Posaconazole is a triazole antifungal agent with a spectrum of activity that includes Candida and Cryptococcus species, many molds, and some endemic fungi. Posaconazole has received US Food and Drug Administration approval for the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis, including infections refractory to itraconazole and/or fluconazole. It is also approved as prophylaxis for invasive Aspergillus and Candida infections in patients aged >or=13 years who are at high risk of developing these infections, in adult and adolescent hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients with graft-versus-host disease, and in persons with hematologic malignancies and prolonged neutropenia due to chemotherapy, who are at high risk of developing these infections. Approval for additional indications is being sought. Limited clinical experience suggests efficacy for the treatment of infections due to Zygomycetes and as salvage therapy for patients with invasive aspergillosis and coccidioidomycosis. Currently available only as an oral suspension, posaconazole, which has been well tolerated, requires administration with food or a nutritional supplement to assure adequate bioavailability. Posaconazole is predominantly eliminated in the feces, where it appears as unchanged drug. Metabolism, mostly glucuronidation, plays only a minor role in its elimination, as does renal clearance; as a consequence, dose adjustment is not required in the presence of renal or hepatic insufficiency. Although not a substrate of hepatic CYP450 3A4, posaconazole inhibits this enzyme and thus has the potential for significant pharmacokinetic interactions with drugs metabolized by this isoform. Its use in combination with CYP450 substrates that prolong the QTc interval is contraindicated, as is its use with ergot alkaloids; administration of posaconazole with other substrates and/or inducers of this enzyme system requires caution. Posaconazole is both a substrate and inhibitor of P-glycoprotein. Currently, the major roles for posaconazole in clinical practice are as prophylaxis for neutropenic patients with significant risk of infection with filamentous fungi and as therapy for zygomycoses. It may also have a role in the treatment of other filamentous fungal and some yeast infections, but assessment of its overall place in antifungal therapy awaits the availability of further clinical experience.
System for the stabilization and tuning of the emission frequency of a dye laser (1983)

A system for the stabilization and tuning of the emission frequency of a dye laser was developed. The tuning range of the system was 1000 MHz and its short-term stability was 10/sup -8/. The tuning was provided by stabilization with the aid of a Fabry--Perot interferometer the length of which was kept constant using radiation from a single-frequency tunable He--Ne laser (lambda = 0.63 ..mu..). The emission frequency of the He--Ne laser was controlled by varying the difference between its frequency and that of a stable LG-77 laser.
The sample complexity of pattern classification with neural networks: the size of the weights is more important than the size of the network (1998)

Sample complexity results from computational learning theory, when applied to neural network learning for pattern classification problems, suggest that for good generalization performance the number of training examples should grow at least linearly with the number of adjustable parameters in the network. Results in this paper show that if a large neural network is used for a pattern classification problem and the learning algorithm finds a network with small weights that has small squared error on the training patterns, then the generalization performance depends on the size of the weights rather than the number of weights. For example, consider a two-layer feedforward network of sigmoid units, in which the sum of the magnitudes of the weights associated with each unit is bounded by A and the input dimension is n. We show that the misclassification probability is no more than a certain error estimate (that is related to squared error on the training set) plus A/sup 3/ /spl radic/((log n)/m) (ignoring log A and log m factors), where m is the number of training patterns. This may explain the generalization performance of neural networks, particularly when the number of training examples is considerably smaller than the number of weights. It also supports heuristics (such as weight decay and early stopping) that attempt to keep the weights small during training. The proof techniques appear to be useful for the analysis of other pattern classifiers: when the input domain is a totally bounded metric space, we use the same approach to give upper bounds on misclassification probability for classifiers with decision boundaries that are far from the training examples.
Road Extraction from High Resolution Image with Deep Convolution Network—A Case Study of GF-2 Image (2018)

Recently, with the development of remote sensing and computer techniques, automatic and accurate road extraction is becoming feasible for practical usage. Nowadays, accurate extraction of road information from satellite data has become one of the most popular topics in both remote sensing and transportation fields. It is very useful for applying this technique to fast map updating, construction supervision, and so on. However, as there is usually a huge volume of information provided by remote sensing data, an efficient method to refine the big volume of data is important in corresponding applications. We apply deep convolution network to perform an image segmentation approach, as a solution for extracting road networks from high resolution images. In order to take advantage of deep learning, we study the methods of generating representative training and testing datasets, and develop semi-supervised leaning skills to enhance the data scale. The extraction of the satellite images that are affected by color distortion is also studied, in order to make the method more robust for more applicational fields. The GF-2 satellite data is used for experiments, as its images may show optical distortion in small pieces. Experiments in this paper showed that, the proposed solution successfully identifies road networks from complex situations with a total accuracy of more than 80% in discriminable areas.
Protective Effects of S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine against Enzyme Leakage from Cultured Hepatocytes and Hypotonic Hemolysis (1990)

Effects of S-adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate tosylate salt (SAMe-ST) and L-methionine (L-Met) on rat erythrocytes and primary cultured hepatocytes were studied. SAMe-ST in concentrations of 0.2 to 5.0 mg/ml protected erythrocytes from hypotonic hemolysis. Almost an identical level of protection was provided by SAMe chloride, suggesting that this protective effect is due to the SAMe moiety itself but not its sulfate or tosylate moiety. L-Met also showed a slight protective effect, but at higher concentrations, it slightly enhanced hemolysis. When the cultured hepatocytes were treated with SAMe-ST, the leakage of enzymes from the hepatocytes were significantly decreased compared with that in the control. L-Met also showed similar protective effects, but to a lesser degree than in the case of SAMe-ST. SAMe-ST significantly increased Na+K+-ATPase activity. The present results indicate that SAMe remarkably inhibits hypotonic hemolysis and enzyme leakage from cultured hepatocytes and that its mechanism is probably related to a change in the membrane property.
Phospholamban expressed in slow-twitch and chronically stimulated fast-twitch muscles minimally affects calcium affinity of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase. (1992)

Chronic excitation, at 2 Hz for 6-7 weeks, of the predominantly fast-twitch canine latissimus dorsi muscle promoted the expression of phospholamban, a protein found in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) from slow-twitch and cardiac muscle but not in fast-twitch muscle. At the same time that phospholamban was expressed, there was a switch from the fast-twitch (SERCA1) to the slow-twitch (SERCA2a) Ca(2+)-ATPase isoform. Antibodies against Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA2a) and phospholamban were used to assess the relative amounts of the slow-twitch/cardiac isoform of the Ca(2+)-ATPase and phospholamban, which were found to be virtually the same in SR vesicles from the slow-twitch muscle, vastus intermedius; cardiac muscle; and the chronically stimulated fast-twitch muscle, latissimus dorsi. The phospholamban monoclonal antibody 2D12 was added to SR vesicles to evaluate the regulatory effect of phospholamban on calcium uptake. The antibody produced a strong stimulation of calcium uptake into cardiac SR vesicles, by increasing the apparent affinity of the Ca2+ pump for calcium by 2.8-fold. In the SR from the conditioned latissimus dorsi, however, the phospholamban antibody produced only a marginal effect on Ca2+ pump calcium affinity. These different effects of phospholamban on calcium uptake suggest that phospholamban is not tightly coupled to the Ca(2+)-ATPase in SR vesicles from slow-twitch muscles and that phospholamban may have some other function in slow-twitch and chronically stimulated fast-twitch muscle.
RADIOPULMONOGRAPHY: A METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF REGIONAL LUNG VENTILATION BY TRANSMISSION OF X-RAYS. (1964)

In recent years, isotopic and electronic methods have been devised for the estimation of regional lung function (1-7). These methods do not readily lend themselves to routine clinical use since they employ either labeled inert gases (1-3) or complex, laboratory-assembled electronic gear, such as photomultiplier tubes for measuring light emitted by a crystal which is excited by passage of fairly heavy (4, 5) or moderate (6) x-ray dosage through the lungs or x-ray-sensitive cadmium cells (7). Details of instrumentation used in these procedures are scant, so that attempts to reproduce these methods are most difficult. Radiopulmonography utilizes readily available commercial apparatus (figure 1). The source of radiation is an inexpensive, portable, x-ray machine; and the detecting apparatus is a dual scintillation detection system consisting of two matched probes, dual ratemeters, and a dual recorder-equipment available in most clinical radioisotope laboratories. To the writers' knowledge, this type of appara.tus, designed for measuring gamma emission, has not previously been used for the measurement of x-ray emission.
Study on Hydrodynamic Performance of Darrieus-type Cross-flow Water Turbine (1985)

For the purpose of utilization of extremely low-head water power, a small model of Darrieus-type cross-flow water turbine was produced and examined for the effects of channel height and number of blades on turbine performance. Then, time variation in generated torque in a revolution of runner was investigated experimentally and compared with the results of theoretical calculation. Performance tests showed that the best efficiency was obtained by double-blade runner under the narrowest channel height condition. Time variations in measured torque showed strong dissimilarity in their wave pattern and quantitative disagreement in their peak values to the theoretical results obtained under the assumption of a uniform steady relative flow. Theoretical analysis suggests that this difference arises from disregard for the effects of circular motion on a flow around the blade and the unsteady character of flow on a Darrieus blade in the above simple calculation.
New Premises for Planning in Appalachia (1974)

The Appalachian Region, particularly Southern Appalachia, has lived through several hundred years of frustration related to its history and geography. The history of the area has become better known during recent years, and it is a history of documented exploitation and socioeconomic disillusionment, a "biography of a depressed area" (Caudill, 1962). Geographically, the region has been regarded essentially as a barrier between the settled East and the fertile lands of the West, a place of rugged terrain and harsh conditions of life. This history and geography have played a large part in the problems which now afflict region and which impede social change. It will be possible to plan wisely for the region only when these factors have been understood and when the goals of current social policy toward Appalachia have been reexamined. Since the deepest problems of socioeconomic development are frequently motivational (McCelland, 1961), having to do with modal forms of personality organization which are in turn rooted in the culture, and since a culture may be seen as a response to a set of environmental problems, perhaps it is best to begin with an analysis of the effect of the historical and geographic problems posed by the area and the cultural patterns which have generated in response to these problems. It is apparent that the motivational structure characteristic of the Southern Appalachian folk subculture is quite different from that prevailing in the United States generally, so different that Weller (1965) has regarded the adherents of this "folk culture" as "yesterday's people." Their motivational structure constitutes both a problem and a possible solution. The basic problem here can be understood in terms of a distinction between "motivation-instigated" and "frustrationinstigated" behavior. Such an understanding might do much to change our definition of the problems of the region, the means of solution, and even the goals of the planning process.
Alternative Pedagogies: Effect of Musical Approach on Concept Attainment (2019)

This study was conducted to see the effect of the musical approach on concept attainment of first-grade students in Hindi. Music occupies a special place in human life. It starts from birth and remains with a person till death. Moreover, it helps to learn the things in a better way, so there must be some techniques in which we can use music to teach students so that they learn better.
Direct electron transfer: an approach for electrochemical biosensors with higher selectivity and sensitivity (2003)

The most promising approach for the development of electrochemical biosensors is to establish a direct electrical communication between the biomolecules and the electrode surface. This review focuses on advances, directions and strategies in the development of third generation electrochemical biosensors. Subjects covered include a brief description of the fundamentals of the electron transfer phenomenon and amperometric biosensor development (different types and new oriented enzyme immobilization techniques). Special attention is given to different redox enzymes and proteins capable of electrocatalyzing reactions via direct electron transfer. The analytical applications and future trends for third generation biosensors are also presented and discussed.