gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fourier‐Transform Infrared Spectrometry Measurement of Emissions Concentration from Glass Manufacturing (2004)

Carbon is commonly added to sulfate‐fined silicate‐glass batches to enhance the fining process. Reactions between carbon and Na 2 SO 4 modify the SO x emissions from Na 2 SO 4 decomposition. Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry is used to analyze the emission of air pollutants from the isothermal decomposition of Na 2 SO 4 + C undertaken using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The FTIR spectrometer is calibrated using standard gas mixtures containing CO, CO 2 , SO 2 , NO, and NO 2 . The collected spectra are quantified using the classical least‐squares (CLS) approximation. The TGA‐FTIR system provides SO x , and CO x , concentrations versus time data from the isothermal decomposition of Na 2 SO 4 , in the presence of a carbon black. Mass spectrometry (MS) complements FTIR by being able to detect SO( g ).
Tailoring Gelation Mechanisms for Advanced Hydrogel Applications (2020)

Abstract Hydrogels are one of the most commonly explored classes of biomaterials. Their chemical and structural versatility has enabled their use across a wide range of applications, including tissue engineering, drug delivery, and cell culture. Hydrogels form upon a sol–gel transition, which can be elicited by different triggers designed to enable precise control over hydrogelation kinetics and hydrogel structure. The chosen hydrogelation trigger and chemistry can have a profound effect on the success of the targeted application. In this Progress Report, a critical overview of recent advances in hydrogel design is presented, with a focus on the available strategies used to trigger the formation of hydrogel networks (e.g., temperature, light, ultrasound). These triggers are presented within a new classification system, and their suitability for six key hydrogel‐based applications is assessed. This Progress Report is intended to guide trigger selection for new hydrogel applications and inspire the rational design of new hydrogelation trigger mechanisms.
Supersonic copper clusters (1983)

Copper clusters ranging in size from 1 to 29 atoms have been prepared in a supersonic beam by laser vaporization of a rotating copper target rod within the throat of a pulsed supersonic nozzle using helium for the carrier gas. The clusters were cooled extensively in the supersonic expansion [T(translational) 1 to 4 K, T(rotational)=4 K, T(vibrational)=20 to 70 K]. These clusters were detected in the supersonic beam by laser photoionization with time-of-flight mass analysis. Using a number of fixed frequency outputs of an exciplex laser, the threshold behavior of the photoionization cross section was monitored as a function of cluster size. The 7.9 eV photon energy of the F2 excimer laser was found to be above the ionization potential of all clusters, and the photoion mass spectrum thus produced showed the copper cluster concentration in the beam to follow a monotonically decreasing function of cluster size. The 6.4 eV ArF exciplex laser photon energy was found to be above the photoionization threshold of clusters with three or more atoms in the case of odd-numbered clusters, but only for clusters with eight or more atoms for even-numbered clusters. Extending out to clusters as large as 29 atoms, laser photoionization at 6.4 eV produced a time-of-flight mass distribution with a pronounced even/odd alternation in cluster photoion intensity. This alternation in ionization threshold behavior was attributed to an even/odd alternation in the electronic structure of the copper clusters with the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the even clusters being considerably more strongly bonding than it is in the clusters with an odd number of copper atoms. The 4.98 eV photon energy of the KrF exciplex laser was found to lie below the ionization threshold of all clusters in the 1 to 29 atom range. An extensive survey of the ultraviolet absorption spectrum of the copper dimer was also performed with this supersonic beam source. Resonance two-photon ionization (R2PI) with mass selective detection allowed the detection of five new electronic band systems in the region between 2690 and 3200 Å, for each of the three naturally occurring isotopic forms of Cu2. In the process of scanning the R2PI spectrum of these new electronic states, the ionization potential of the copper dimer was determined to be 7.894±0.015 eV.
Nonlinear switching of low-index defect modes in photonic lattices (2008)

We address nonlinear signal switching between two low-index defect channels induced in periodic optical lattices. In contrast to conventional directional couplers, where the guiding mechanism is total internal reflection or refraction, in such a Bragg-type coupler, the guidance is of a photonic--band-gap origin. The coupling length in the low-index coupler is controlled by the lattice parameters and by the channel spacing. In the nonlinear regime the Bragg-type coupler behaves as an all-optical switch, exhibiting a remarkable difference of switching power for focusing versus defocusing nonlinearity.
129. Organic fluorides. Part VI. The chemical and physical properties of certain fluorocarbons (1951)

R. N. Haszeldine and F. Smith, J. Chem. Soc., 1951, 603 DOI: 10.1039/JR9510000603
Effects of verapamil and BAY K8644 on the hypoxic contraction of the isolated human pulmonary artery. (1989)

To examine the effect of hypoxia on the human pulmonary artery (HPA), HPA segments (2 mm, o.d.) were suspended and changes in isometric force with hypoxia (PO2 = 44 +/- 3 mmHg, mean +/- S.E.) were measured. HPA contracted with hypoxia and the tension developed with 15 min of hypoxia was 127 +/- 36 (mean +/- S.E.) mg. Verapamil at 47 +/- 10% 10(-6) M inhibited and 10(-6) M BAY K 8644 enhanced the hypoxic response by (p less than 0.01) and 396 +/- 106% (p less than 0.05), respectively, compared with preceding values. These results show that activation of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels also plays an important role in the mechanism of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in man.
Evidence for bond strengthening in Cd1−<i>x</i>Zn<i>x</i>Te (<i>x</i>=0.04) (1985)

Hydrostatic compression data have been obtained for Cd1−xZnxTe(x=0.04±0.01) using energy dispersive x-ray diffraction techniques with heterochromatic, synchrotron produced radiation. The B3 to B1 structural transition pressure is observed to occur at 3.25±0.15 GPa, in agreement with published work on CdTe. The volume discontinuity at the transition is observed to be 15±1%, which is also in agreement with that found for CdTe. However, compression data for each of the two phases indicate that Cd1−xZnxTe is about 2% stiffer than CdTe, suggesting that the CdTe bond is strengthened by the addition of Zn. This is in agreement with recent bond strength calculations and provides the first microscopic, experimental evidence of this strengthening effect.
Non-Destructive Evaluation of the Degradation of Nylon 6,6 Parachute Materials (1977)

Abstract : The changes in mechanical, physical and chemical properties of nylon 6,6 parachute canopy fabric on long term ageing at 80 C are reported. The relationship between strength losses on ageing, fibre morphology, molecular weight and state of oxidation determined by chemical and spectroscopic methods, is explored. The technique of phosphorescence spectroscopy shows the greatest potential for non-destructively determining the strength losses of nylon 6,6 canopy material. A study of canopy material from PX-1 and PB-1 parachutes by this technique indicates that valid conclusions concerning strength losses on storage and use can be drawn from accelerated thermal ageing. (Author)
Digital excitation system provides enhanced performance and improved diagnostics (2002)

New technology in digital excitation control equipment provides both enhanced performance and vastly improved diagnostic capabilities in turbine generator excitation systems. This paper introduces some of the latest advances in regulator technology. It discusses how performance improvements enable safe operation of generators nearer to their design limits. Also discussed is how improved on-board diagnostics can help minimize down time and maintenance costs. These items are of significance for any generator application, including those in the utility industry, those in the pulp and paper industry and other industrial applications. A specific application of a beta site static exciter installed on a utility generator is reviewed and discussed.
Femal, a herbal remedy made from pollen extracts, reduces hot flushes and improves quality of life in menopausal women: a randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel study (2005)

The pollen extract Femal significantly reduces hot flushes and certain other menopausal symptoms when compared to placebo.
Is Your Enterprise Warming Up to Carbon 2.0? (2009)

CIOs and IT professionals should know the status of carbon management systems as well as the evolutionary trend in this software to better position themselves to exploit future opportunities in a low-carbon economy.
Croconic Acid and Alkali Metal Croconate Salts: Some New Insights into an Old Story (2002)

The solid-state structures of a series of alkali metal salts of the croconate dianion (C(5)O(5)(2-)) and of croconic acid (H(2)C(5)O(5)) have been determined. The alkali metal croconates were obtained by ring contraction of rhodizonic acid (H(2)C(6)O(6)), upon treatment with alkali metal hydroxides and recrystallisation from water. The novel species Na(2)C(5)O(5) x 2H(2)O, Rb(2)C(5)O(5) and Cs(2)C(5)O(5), as well as the mixed hydrogencroconate/croconate salt K(3)(HC(5)O(5))(C(5)O(5)) small middle dot2 H(2)O are described and compared with the Li(+), K(+) and NH(4)(+) salts. Single crystals of croconic acid were obtained by crystallisation of croconic acid in the presence of HCl. Crystal structure determinations showed that the C(5)O(5)(2-) ions tend to organize themselves in columns. The interplanar separations lie in the narrow range 3.12-3.42 A and do not necessarily reflect the presence of pi-stacking interactions. It is argued that the small interplanar separation is the result of a compromise between packing of flat croconate units and the spherical cations together with the water molecules that fill the coordination spheres of the alkali metal atoms.
Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐2α promotes hepatocyte apoptosis during cholestasis (2016)

These findings implied the contribution of HIF-2α to cholestasis-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis.
Reproductive behavior of the female carob moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (1997)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Polycrystalline Silicon Thin Film for Solar Cells Utilizing Aluminum Induced Crystallization Method (2004)

In order to realize a polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) thin film solar cell with low cost and high efficiency, high-quality poly-Si is indispensable. We fabricated a high-quality poly-Si film by using aluminum induced crystallization (AIC) as a method of crystallizing amorphous silicon. AIC is a method of crystallizing amorphous silicon by heat treatment below the eutectic temperature (577°C). Using AIC poly-Si film as the seeding layer and atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD), continuous columnar poly-Si with large grain size was achieved. Deposition of the poly-Si thin film onto AIC poly-Si films was carried out using APCVD. Crystallinity and electronic property of the deposited films was evaluated. Comparably high Hall mobility of more than 80 cm 2 /Vs was successfully obtained.
Recent Progress in the Pharmacotherapy of Bipolar Disorder (2009)

Bipolar disorder is a common and highly disabling condition necessitating early and effective therapeutic intervention. This review focuses on recent progress in pharmacotherapies reported in the last few years. The recent literature suggests two distinct developmental themes. The first is the consolidation of knowledge concerning the role of the atypical antipsychotics and anticonvulsants in bipolar disorder, with increasing clarity regarding which actions are ‘class effects’ and which actions are, in contrast, specific to particular agents. The second theme is the first ‘glimmerings’ of the mood stabilizing efficacy of compounds with ‘novel’ actions, with tamoxifen being perhaps the agent of most interest. While demonstration of the efficacy of truly innovative compounds developed specifically for bipolar disorder has yet to occur, the gradual understanding of some of the critical pharmacological mechanisms of action of current agents suggests that this may not be too distant a reality.
[Menopause: towards treatment "à la carte" ]. (2003)

In spite of questioning and doubt arising from WHT study hormone substitution therapy (HST) has proven efficacy on climacteric symptoms and certain short-term and long-term consequences of menopause. Among 1000 women taking HST for ten years, eight supplementary cases of breast cancer and 6 fewer cases of colonic cancer are observed. No cardiovascular protection has been demonstrated. A history of coronary artery disease, vascular disease, stroke or thromboembolism are contraindications for HST. The vascular impact of estradiol administered via an extra-digestive route in women with a low vascular risk cannot be extrapolated from the HERS and WHI trials because these trials were conducted is high-risk women, using specific types of steroids given orally. Tibolone has demonstrated efficacy and in an alternative to HST after more than one year of menopause. The usefulness of phytoestrogens remains to be determined, particularly due to the wide individual variability of their effects on climacteric symptoms and the low level of proof provided by epidemiological or clinical studies conducted to study the prevention of osteoporosis and the risk of breast cancer. Most of the analyses present methodological biases. Currently, the most widely accepted notion is that there is a beneficial effect on cardiovascular risk. To date, SERMs have selective indications and cannot be prescribed for all women: raloxifen is used for the prevention and treatment of menopause-related osteoporosis. The relative risk of venous thromboembolism with SERMs (raloxifen and tamoxifen) is comparable to that observed with HST. HST or any other treatment given for menopause must be an individual decision balancing the benefits against the risks and taking into account the desires of the patient perfectly informed of the currently available evidence. Prescriptions should be part of an overall scheme including nutritional advise and physical exercise aimed at preserving quality of life and preventing age-related effects which largely depend on genetic predisposition and the psycho-affective environment.
MYOCARDIAL COLLAGEN DAMAGE IN RATS WITH HYPERDYNAMIC SEPSIS AT 24 AND 48 HOURS (1993)

Yu, Pei; Boughner, Derek; Martin, Claudio; Keys, Judy; Sibbald, William Author Information
Multiple-Quantum Line Narrowing for Measurement of H.alpha.-H.beta. J Couplings in Isotopically Enriched Proteins (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMultiple-Quantum Line Narrowing for Measurement of H.alpha.-H.beta. J Couplings in Isotopically Enriched ProteinsStephan Grzesiek, Hitoshi Kuboniwa, Andrew P. Hinck, and Ad BaxCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 19, 5312–5315Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00124a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00124a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views384Altmetric-Citations90LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Dimethylformamide (2013)

Abstract Dimethylformamide is a clear, hygroscopic liquid with a slight amine odor. It was first synthesized in 1893 by heating a mixture of sodium formate and dimethylammonium chloride and later prepared by direct reaction of dimethylamine with formic acid. Although it does not occur widely in nature, traces of DMF have been detected in sausages, cooked mushrooms, grapes, and wine. The solvent properties of DMF are particularly attractive. Because of its high dielectric constant, aprotic nature, wide liquid range, and low volatility, it is frequently used for chemical reactions and other applications requiring high dissolving power. DMF is often referred to as the universal solvent. Important uses are in the production and processing of polymers. It is used as a spinning solvent for polyacrylonitrile fiber and polyurethane fiber (Spandex), and production of synthetic leather. It is also used in many processes in the production of pharmaceuticals. DMF is not used in a consumer setting so its toxicity is relatively low.
Phosphodiesterase III Inhibition Promotes Differentiation and Survival of Oligodendrocyte Progenitors and Enhances Regeneration of Ischemic White Matter Lesions in the Adult Mammalian Brain (2009)

Vascular dementia is caused by blockage of blood supply to the brain, which causes ischemia and subsequent lesions primarily in the white matter, a key characteristic of the disease. In this study, we used a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rat model to show that the regeneration of white matter damaged by hypoperfusion is enhanced by inhibiting phosphodiesterase III. A rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion was prepared by bilateral common carotid artery ligation. Performance at the Morris water-maze task, immunohistochemistry for bromodeoxyuridine, as well as serial neuronal and glial markers were analyzed until 28 days after hypoperfusion. There was a significant increase in the number of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the brains of patients with vascular dementia as well as in rats with cerebral hypoperfusion. The oligodendrocyte progenitor cells subsequently underwent cell death and the number of oligodendrocytes decreased. In the rat model, treatment with a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor prevented cell death, markedly increased the mature oligodendrocytes, and promoted restoration of white matter and recovery of cognitive decline. These effects were cancelled by using protein kinase A/C inhibitor in the phosphodiesterase III inhibitor group. The results of our study indicate that the mammalian brain white matter tissue has the capacity to regenerate after ischemic injury.
Speech disorder related to tacrolimus-induced pontine myelinolysis after orthotopic liver transplantation (2003)

We report a case of speech disorders after tacrolimus treatment and resolution after discontinuation
Experiments on Active Control of Plate Vibration Using Piezoelectric Actuators and Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Modal Sensors (1994)

An experiment was performed to investigate the implementation of shaped PVDF modal sensors on a simply supported rectangular plate to control specific modes of the vibration. The plate was excited by a steady-state harmonic point force while the control was achieved by two independent piezoelectric actuators bonded to the surface of the plate. A two-channel adaptive controller based on the multi-input multi-output filtered X LMS algorithm was used to provide feed-forward control. Two PVDF modal sensors were shaped such that the (3,1) mode was the dominant structural mode observed by the sensors. With this configuration, the amplitude of the (3,1) mode can be minimized regardless of excitation frequency. A comparative test was performed by using two accelerometers as error sensors. Results indicate that for both on and off-resonance excitations, the shaped PVDF modal sensors are superior to point-error sensors, such as accelerometers for controlling specific structural modes.
Plasmon resonant excitation in grating-gated AlN barrier transistors at terahertz frequency (2012)

This paper describes the plasmon resonances in AlN/GaN high electron mobility transistors. It is shown that wide tunable resonances with the frequency located at terahertz band can be obtained in this material system. The results originate from the ultra-high electron density induced by the polarization effect and higher order plasmon excitation. At room temperature, the dielectric response caused by phonon-polariton interactions obliterates the higher order plasmon resonances at frequency higher than 10 THz. However, the viscosity contribution to the damping of plasmons is very small in these devices. Our results also show the potential of this device for terahertz applications.
INVESTIGATION OF HYDROSTATIC EXTRUSION. Interim Technical Engineering Report No. 1, June 2, 1961-August 31, 1961 (1961)

Tooling is being designed for hydrostatic extrusion of SAE 4340 steel and Ti-6A1-4V titanium alloys into Tsections which can be inscribed in a 1-in. circle. The tooling is expected to be capable of withstanding extrusion pressures up to 250,000 psi at temperatures up to 500 deg F. Initial tests with this equipment will be made with materials such as lead and aluminum which can be extruded at lower pressures. (auth)
ChemInform Abstract: CIS,ANTI,CIS‐TRICYCLO(5.3.0.02,6)DECA‐4,9‐DIONE (1977)

Abstract Das chemische Verhalten und einige physikalische Eigenschaften (Dipolmoment, IR‐ und Raman‐Spektren) der Titelverbindung (I) stimmen nicht voll mit einer streng zentrosymmetrischen Struktur, wie sie für die anti‐Konfiguration erwartet werden kann,überein.