gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parallel interleaved grid-connected converters in MW-level wind power generation (2009)

With the individual capacity of wind power generation system increasing, the demand for high power grid-connected converters is growing, which is usually limited by the available semiconductor technology. One solution is multiple lower power units connected in parallel. In this paper, direct parallel and interleaved parallel are analyzed and compared. Then it focuses on two parallel interleaved converters. The generating mechanism of high frequency circulating current and low frequency oscillation circulating current are both studied. Also, an interleaved SVPWM and the corresponding control strategy of circulating current are introduced. Finally, the described strategy has been implemented in a 1.5 MW grid-connected converter for wind power generation, providing a satisfactory performance.
Tissue Engineering (1999)

The Advanced Technology Program (ATP) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) supports, on a cost-shared basis, high-risk technology projects that are likely to have broad-based economic benefits for the US. Project proposals in any area of technology, submitted by a single company or as a joint venture from two or more companies, are judged on a competitive basis both on scientific/technical and economic/business merits. A number of start-up companies dedicated to the development of tissue engineered products have received ATP awards since the program’s inception in 1990.
Quantifying resiliency of smart power distribution systems with distributed energy resources (2015)

The purpose of smart grid projects worldwide is to revitalize the aging power system infrastructure, and make it more reliable, more resilient and more sustainable. Technological advances has led to diversity of power sources and lesser dependence on fossil fuels; however, it has also increased the complexity of control of the network, which may have a counter-effect on its resiliency and reliability. Also, weather induced power disruptions or targeted attacks on critical power system infrastructure have increased in numbers. Thus there is a need for formal metrics to quantify resiliency of the different distribution system, or different configurations of same network. This paper presents definitions of resiliency of power distribution system, and approach towards resilient design of future power distribution systems with distributed energy resources. These are eventually used to identify parameters for quantification of resiliency. Simulation results for several test cases have been presented to validate the developed resiliency metrics.
Postscript, Bezier curves, and chinese characters (1989)

The PostScript page description language is designed to allow the production of graphical layouts on a page. In particular, the capability to use four points to describe a Bezier curve simplifies the layout of rather complex graphical objects. Advantage has been taken of this feature to develop a system for drawing Chinese characters. This article gives the general structure of the PostScript language, defines and gives examples of Bezier curves, and describes an interactive program that allows the layout of Chinese characters by a combination of Bezier curves.
Role of Hormones in the Induction of Iron Deficiency Responses in Arabidopsis Roots (2000)

In "strategy I" plants, several alterations in root physiology and morphology are induced by Fe deficiency, although the mechanisms by which low Fe levels are translated into reactions aimed at alleviating Fe shortage are largely unknown. To prove whether changes in hormone concentration or sensitivity are involved in the adaptation to suboptimal Fe availability, we tested 45 mutants of Arabidopsis defective in hormone metabolism and/or root hair formation for their ability to increase Fe(III) chelate reductase activity and to initiate the formation and enlargement of root hairs. Activity staining for ferric chelate reductase revealed that all mutants were responsive to Fe deficiency, suggesting that hormones are not necessary for the induction. Treatment of wild-type plants with the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid caused the development of root hairs in locations normally occupied by non-hair cells, but did not stimulate ferric reductase activity. Ectopic root hairs were also formed in -Fe roots, suggesting a role for ethylene in the morphological responses to Fe deficiency. Ultrastructural analysis of rhizodermal cells indicated that neither Fe deficiency nor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid treatment caused transfer-cell-like alterations in Arabidopsis roots. Our data indicate that the morphological and physiological components of the Fe stress syndrome are regulated separately.
Prevalence of Rotational Malalignment After Intramedullary Nailing of Tibial Shaft Fractures (2020)

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Timing of fertilization in mammals: sperm cholesterol/phospholipid ratio as a determinant of the capacitation interval. (1981)

A survey of species differences in the duration of capacitation, T, has revealed that they closely correlate with sperm cholesterol/phospholipid mole ratios, R : T = 8R - 1 (r2 = 0.97, in which r is Pearson's correlation coefficient). Because uterine cells displayed low relative cholesterol concentrations, spermatozoa evidently experience a negative external cholesterol gradient (positive phospholipid gradient) during capacitation. A decrease in sperm R-value is suggested, therefore, to accompany capacitation. The idea received strong support from a kinetic analysis of capacitation intervals, based on the rate of cholesterol efflux from sperm cells in utero. Lipid-binding serum proteins in uterine fluid are attributed with removing a sterol barrier to the Ca2+-facilitated membrane fusion that initiates the acrosome reaction. Tight cell junctions prevent permeation of the male generative tract by these proteins (capacitation factors). Furthermore, seminal plasma contains a decapacitation factor, identified as a membrane vesicle (cholesterol donor) component of this fluid, that reverses capacitation. Initiation of the sperm acrosome reaction among mammals could be the first fusion process found to be physiologically modulated through the membrane bilayer cholesterol level.
The photolysis of nitrogen dioxide in the presence of nitric acid at 3660 A. and 25.degree. (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe photolysis of nitrogen dioxide in the presence of nitric acid at 3660 A. and 25.degree.Sigmund Jaffe and Hadley W. FordCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1967, 71, 6, 1832–1836Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100865a044https://doi.org/10.1021/j100865a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views31Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A real-time fine-grained visual monitoring system for retail store auditing (2017)

Automated visual analysis of the object is of prime importance to realize the real-time concept of the internet of things. In this paper, we proposed a real-time fine grained visual analytics system for tracing the visibility of products on retail store shelves. The proposed visual monitoring system (VMS) is aimed to achieve high rates of product recognition, regardless of several real-time challenges like occlusion, different lightening conditions, product orientation etc. To address all these issues, the VMS collects the local feature descriptors which are scale invariant, rotational invariant and illumination invariant from training template images. Once, the testing image uploaded from any camera enabled device, the VMS extracts same local features and matches with the target feature descriptors for fine-grained object recognition. This paper also covers the performance of various state-of-the-art local feature descriptors for object detection in context of retail store monitoring/tracking. The performance of the VMS is tested on real time retail shelve images. The results after investigation, the proposed fine-grained VMS shows approximately 90% accuracy in brand level detection.
A spatial-temporal imputation technique for classification with missing data in a wireless sensor network (2008)

We have developed a novel method to estimate missing observations in wireless sensor networks. We use a hierarchical unsupervised fuzzy ART neural network to represent the data cluster prototypes. We then estimate missing inputs by using a new spatial-temporal imputation technique. We have evaluated this approach through experiments on both real sensor data and artificially generated data. Our experimental results show that our proposed approach performs better than nine other estimation algorithms including moving average and Expectation-Maximization (EM) imputation.
Numerical reservoir characterization using dimensionless scale numbers with application in upscaling (2002)

Dimensionless space provides a tool for analyzing the behavior of complex systems described by mathematical relationships. The limited application of dimensionless variables in numerical reservoir simulation and experimental design motivated the development of a complete set of dimensionless scaling groups. Inspectional analysis yielded 8 dimensionless groups completely describing the flow system. Further analysis of fluid interaction reduced the number of dimensionless groups to 7. The newly developed dimensionless equations and groups were used for analytical and numerical reservoir characterization, quantifying the behavior of differential and difference equations employed in fluid flow in three-dimensional porous media. The behavior of the dimensionless scaling is demonstrated for breakthrough time in an immiscible displacement in three dimensions. Numerical simulations were designed in dimensionless space and converted to dimensional space using several approaches. The resulting estimates of stability limits, numerical dispersion, and regime boundaries were in excellent agreement. The application of the dimensionless groups to upscaling was investigated using designed reservoir simulations to estimate dimensionless regions corresponding to different flow regimes. Analytical development, simulation runs and literature data were in good agreement. This application demonstrates the potential benefits of the proposed dimensionless groups for upscaling, sensitivity analysis, stability analysis, and reservoir characterization.
Fugitive Salmon: Assessing the Risks of Escaped Fish from Net-Pen Aquaculture (2005)

Abstract The farming of salmon and other marine finfish in open net pens continues to increase along the world's coastlines as the aquaculture industry expands to meet human demand. Farm fish are known to escape from pens in all salmon aquaculture areas. Their escape into the wild can result in interbreeding and competition with wild salmon and can facilitate the spread of pathogens, thereby placing more pressure on already dwindling wild populations. Here we assess the ecological, genetic, and socioeconomic impacts of farm salmon escapes, using a risk-assessment framework. We show that risks of damage to wild salmon populations, ecosystems, and society are large when salmon are farmed in their native range, when large numbers of salmon are farmed relative to the size of wild populations, and when exotic pathogens are introduced. We then evaluate the policy and management options for reducing risks and discuss the implications for farming other types of marine finfish.
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in HIV-1-infected patients and its in vitro production by antigen-presenting cells (2004)

There is now considerable in vitro evidence that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is involved in HIV-1 pathogenesis by inducing CD4+ T-cell death characteristic of AIDS. Therefore, we have tested levels of TRAIL in plasma samples from 107 HIV-1-infected and 53 uninfected controls as well as in longitudinal plasma samples from patients who started antiretroviral therapy (ART). TRAIL was elevated in plasma of HIV-1-infected patients compared with uninfected individuals, and patients receiving ART showed decreased plasma TRAIL levels that correlated with reduction in viral load. In vitro exposure to infectious and noninfectious HIV-1 induced TRAIL in monocytes and marginally in dendritic cells (DCs) but not in macrophages or T cells. Interestingly, the HIV-1 entry inhibitor, soluble CD4, blocked HIV-1-induced production of TRAIL. Furthermore, production and gene expression of TRAIL by monocytes were regulated by type I interferon via signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1)/STAT2 signaling molecule. Ex vivo HIV-1 infection of human tonsil lymphoid tissue also resulted in increased TRAIL production. We demonstrate here that plasma TRAIL is elevated in HIV-1-infected patients and is decreased by ART therapy. The high production of TRAIL by antigen-presenting cells may contribute to the death of CD4+ T cells during progression to AIDS.
Acute leukemia classification by using SVM and K-Means clustering (2014)

The proposed system takes as input, Color images of stained peripheral blood smears and identifies the class of each of the White Blood Cells (WBC). The process involves segmentation, feature extraction and classification. Our work focuses on classification of Foil of Bretagne (Lymphoid) and Almeida Lloyd (Myeloid). So that, physicians can analyze, detect anomalies and ensure the diagnosis. The experiment results showed that the performance of identification leukemia using our image processing techniques could classify 100 sample images to Lymphoid stem cells and Myeloid stem cells The method has been evaluated using K-Means clustering. Features extracted from the segmented cytoplasm and nucleus, are motivated by the visual cues of shape and texture. Various classifiers have been explored on different combinations of feature sets. The results presented here are based on trials conducted with normal cells. The highest performance using SVM was of 92%.
A TXOP-based Scheduling Algorithm for Video Transmission in IEEE 802.11e Networks (2006)

The IEEE 802.11e proposes new features to support quality-of-service (QoS) in wireless local area network (WLAN). It provides several configurable parameters for four access categories (AC) to achieve differentiated service in the enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) mechanism. However it is no longer effective when diverse burst flows present in the same AC. In this paper, an adaptive transmission opportunity (TXOP) allocation method, called surplus TXOP diverter (STXD), is designed to improve the performance of variable bit rate (VBR) video transmission. Through our simulation study, we demonstrate the STXD can provide good delay guarantee for burst video transmission without violating the long-term fairness. In multi-rate scenario, the STXD can solve the performance anomaly and guarantee time-fairness
Efficient suppression of diode-laser phase noise by optical filtering (2005)

We show that the excess phase noise of an amplified diode laser can be efficiently suppressed by double passage through a high-finesse cavity. The cavity transmits 18% of the injected optical power in double pass and reduces the power spectral density of excess phase noise at 1 MHz by 85 dB. If the filtered light is homodyned with a coherent state of light on a 50–50 beam splitter, the intensity noise of the emerging field in one port cannot exceed the shot-noise level by more than 0.022 dB at 1 MHz for 1 mW of optical power. This level of noise suppression may allow diode lasers to be used in phase-noise-sensitive experiments.
Nature of active sites on UiO-66 and beneficial influence of water in the catalysis of Fischer esterification (2017)

Zirconium terephthalate UiO-66 type metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are known to be highly active, stable and reusable catalysts for the esterification of carboxylic acids with alcohols. Moreover, when defects are present in the structure of these MOFs, coordinatively unsaturated Zr ions with Lewis acid properties are created, which increase the catalytic activity of the resulting defective solids. In the present work, molecular modeling techniques combined with new experimental data on various defective hydrated and dehydrated materials allow to unravel the nature and role of defective active sites in the Fischer esterification and the role of coordinated water molecules to provide additional Brønsted sites. Periodic models of UiO-66 and UiO-66-NH2 catalysts have been used to unravel the reaction mechanism on hydrated and dehydrated materials. Various adsorption modes of water and methanol are investigated. The proposed mechanisms are in line with experimental observations that amino groups yield a reduction in the reaction barriers, although they have a passive role in modulating the electronic structure of the material. Water has a beneficial role on the reaction cycle by providing extra Brønsted sites and by providing stabilization for various intermediates through hydrogen bonds.
Vibrational Mechanics - Nonlinear Dynamic Effects, General Approach, Applications (2000)

This important book deals with vibrational mechanics - the new, intensively developing section of nonlinear dynamics and the theory of nonlinear oscillations. It offers a general approach to the study of the effect of vibration on nonlinear mechanical systems.The book presents the mathematical apparatus of vibrational mechanics which is used to describe such nonlinear effects as the disappearance and appearance under vibration of stable positions of equilibrium and motions (i.e. attractors), the change of the rheological properties of the media, self-synchronization, self-balancing, the vibrational maintenance or deceleration (retardation) of the rotation of unbalanced rotors, resonances in the motions of celestial bodies, vibrational displacement and shift, vibrational excitation of streams and the transportation of bodies in the fluid. The book considers the use of these effects in creating new vibrational machines, technologies, and also principally new materials (dynamical materials).Vibrational Mechanics contains many results published only in Russian and therefore unknown to the specialists in the West, and also a review of the new results obtained by researchers after the book was first published in Russia.
EC Law, UK Public Law and The Human Rights Act 1998: A New Integrative Dynamic? (1999)

The process of European legal integration has long been understood to engage the workings of domestic legal orders, EC law and, to a lesser extent, the law of the ECHR. In general terms, the relationship between these bodies of law has been characterised as involving the direct and indirect interchange of principle and practice across jurisdictions. An example of direct interchange is found in the EC law requirement that national courts give effect to rules emanating from the EC legal order in all cases raising EC law issues. The indirect form occurs in disputes which do not raise EC law issues but which see national courts voluntarily borrow from their experience within the EC legal order by way of developing the domestic legal system. Likewise, national courts and the European Court of Justice have relied upon the law of the ECHR, a “foreign” body of rules, in developing their respective legal orders.
Field Losses of Coffee and Improved Harvesting Methods for Intensively Managed Plantations (1969)

Total field losses of coffee beans in four 8- to 10-year-old intensively-managed commercial plantations consistently yielding over 1,500 pounds of picked market coffee per acre, averaged 931 pounds of market coffee worth over $600 per acre during the 1967 and 1968 crop years. An average of 12 percent of the total ripe berries produced are lost by dropping to the ground during actual picking operations. Strips of plastic netting laid on the ground under the trees during harvesting could recover this coffee (over 200 pounds of a 2,000-pound crop) with a net benefit to the farmer of about $87 per acre yearly. Laborers harvested about 50 percent more coffee by dislodging ripe berries to fall on netting laid on the ground than by the usual method of placing picked berries in baskets tied to their waists. This simple method could increase the pickers' income and reduce losses of beans falling to the ground during picking. It would also reduce losses of coffee due to labor shortages during critical periods in the picking season by increasing the efficiency of the available laborers.
A Multi-Level Analysis on School Connectedness, Family Support, and Adolescent Depression: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, 1995–1996 (2018)

Objective: The purpose of this study is to gain insight into the effect of family support, school connectedness, and school environments on depressive symptoms among adolescents across racial/ethnic groups on both the student-level and school-level. Method: This study uses a sample of 4228 students (2122 girls and 2016 boys) from the public use data of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Students were measured at two time points (one year apart) on school connectedness, family support, socio-demographic factors, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies’ Depression Scale. Hierarchical Linear Modeling was used to examine potential predictors on adolescent depressive symptoms. This is, to the best of the author’s knowledge, the first study to examine the interplay of school connectedness, school racial composition, and adolescent depression. Results: School connectedness partially mediates the effects of family support on depressive symptoms, but both remain strong predictors of depressive symptoms. African American adolescents are the only racial/ethnic group that has constantly higher CES-D scores than the non-Hispanic white adolescents. School-level connectedness is positively related to students’ depressive symptoms. The racial composition of a school has different effects on students’ depressive symptoms on student’s race. Conclusions: Low perceived family support, low school connectedness, being female, and being African American are consistently associated with greater depressive symptoms one year later. The overall level of school connectedness of a school is found to be related with greater individual student’s depressive symptoms, while the effects of school proportion of minority students on students’ depressive symptoms differ significantly across the race/ethnicity of students. Future study is needed to explore the association between racial/ethnic segregation and adolescent depression while considering students’ racial/ethnic status.