gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
YopJ of <i>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis</i> is required for the inhibition of macrophage TNF‐α production and downregulation of the MAP kinases p38 and JNK (1998)

Exposure of macrophages to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) leads to production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Previous studies have suggested that pathogenic Yersinia spp. inhibit LPS-mediated production of TNF-alpha in macrophages, and that one of the Yop proteins secreted by the plasmid-encoded type III pathway is required for this activity. We found that TNF-alpha production was inhibited when J774A.1 murine macrophages were infected with wild-type Y. pseudotuberculosis but not with an isogenic ysc mutant defective for Yop secretion. We inactivated multiple yop genes to identify which of these factors are required for the inhibition of TNF-alpha production. A mutant unable to express yopJ was defective for the inhibition of TNF-alpha production. Production of TNF-alpha is regulated at the transcriptional and translational levels by several mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. The MAP kinases p38 and JNK underwent sustained activation in macrophages infected with the yopJ mutant. Conversely, p38 and JNK were downregulated in macrophages infected with the wild-type strain. The ability of the yopJ mutant to downregulate p38 and JNK and to inhibit production of TNF-alpha was restored by the expression of yopJ+ in trans. Therefore, YopJ is required for Y. pseudotuberculosis to downregulate MAP kinases and inhibit the production of TNF-alpha in macrophages.
Abnormal Response of Tumor Vasculature to Vasoactive Drugs23 (1984)

The effects of the vasoconstrictor phenylephrine and the vasodilator hydralazine on blood flow to tumor were studied and compared to those on blood flow to normal tissues in vivo. Regional blood flow and cardiac output were measured with the use of radioactive microspheres in 150- to 250-g inbred Harlan F344 rats bearing subcutaneous nodules of two types of transplantable carcinoma ("hard" and "soft") with microscopically different vascular patterns. Three groups of rats were treated with hydralazine, saline, or phenylephrine, and regional blood flow was determined at the time of maximum blood pressure response. Results were correlated with quantitative morphometric analysis of arteriolar and capillary wall thickness in tumor and normal tissue. Phenylephrine decreased and hydralazine increased normal tissue perfusion as indicated by cardiac output. Tumor blood flow remained low and was not significantly influenced by drug treatment, except for the phenylephrine effect on hard tumors. Histologic study of tumor vessel walls revealed an absence of smooth muscle capable of responding to the vasoactive drugs by constriction or dilation. Evidently, by their selective action on normal vessels, vasoactive drugs can change the ratio of tumor:normal tissue perfusion. In particular, the increase of normal tissue: tumor blood flow by vasodilator drugs may enhance the selectivity of local heat therapy.
ChemInform Abstract: The Indium‐Mediated Reformatsky Reactions of 2,2‐Difluoro‐2‐halo‐1‐furan‐2‐yl Ethanones in Aqueous Media. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Helmet Use and Injury Patterns in Motorcycle-Related Trauma (2015)

Wearing a motorcycle helmet has been shown to decrease the number of injuries and the mortality rate associated with motorcycle-related trauma. 1 Once almost universal, many states have regressed to partial or no helmet laws. 2 This changing leg-Table.
Effects of symmetric distribution laws on spectral power density in randomized PWM (2003)

The effects on the spectral power density (SPD) of randomized pulse width modulation (RPWM) waveforms by the choice of different probability distribution laws are investigated. The distribution laws under studied are symmetric uniform, normal, laplace, and parabolic. A comparison method, based on a normalized deviation with respect to the uniform distribution law, is devised. It is shown, by way of analytical derivation and simulations, that uniform distribution produces power spectrum comparable to those generated by other relatively more complex distributions under studied. Significantly, it means that uniform distribution, which is the simplest to implement, is the preferred probability law for randomization in a RPWM scheme.
Fragmentation of Peptides in MALDI In-Source Decay Mediated by Hydrogen Radicals (2004)

In-source decay (ISD) in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) shares some similarities with the novel fragmentation technique electron capture dissociation (ECD). In both reactions, the otherwise strong N-C(alpha) bond is cleaved, forming fragment ions of the c and z types, while labile posttranslational modifications are preserved. Therefore, it is tempting to assume that ISD and ECD have some mechanistic aspects in common. Because electrons are present in the MALDI plume, we investigated the previously suggested possibility that ISD is a variation of ECD. However, experiments with peptides with only one site for efficient protonation revealed that ISD is not caused by electron capture. Instead, ICD seems to be induced by hydrogen atoms generated by a photochemical reaction of the matrix. We provide evidence for this reaction by hydrogen/deuterium exchange experiments with peptides containing a minimal number of exchangeable hydrogen atoms. The hydrogen atom model in ECD is indirectly supported by the proposed fragmentation mechanism for ISD, because our data suggest that hydrogen radicals can induce fragmentation by cleavage of the N-C(alpha) bond, independent from their origin.
Communications- On the Thiocyanation of Pyrrole. (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCommunications- On the Thiocyanation of Pyrrole.Salo Gronowitz, Anna-Britta Hornfeldt, Bo Gestblom, and Ragnar HoffmanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 7, 2615–2616Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1961Publication History Published online5 March 2003Published inissue 1 July 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01351a656https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01351a656research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views116Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The periods of SX Phoenicis (1979)

We find that the fundamental period and the period of the first overtone for SX Phe both decreased in about 1960. The present values from our analysis are |${P}_{0} = 0.054964438\,\pm (2\times\,{10}^{-9})$| day, |${P}_{1} = 0.042772692\,\pm (4\times\,{10}^{-9})$| day. Predicted times of maximum light are currently |${t}_\text{max}\,\text{(HJD)}\,=\,2438636.6170\,+\,0.054964438\,E - 0.00325\,\text{sin}\,2\pi\,(0.28503575\,E - 0.107)$| where E is the number of cycles of the fundamental period since the primary epoch HJD 2438636.6170.
THERMOPHILES FROM DEEP-SEA HYDROTHERMAL VENTS (2001)

International audience
An implementation of memory-based on-chip analogue test signal generation (2003)

This paper presents a memory-based on-chip analogue test signal generation approach that is suitable for the test of an analogue and mixed-signal (AMS) core. This core contains programmable electronic interfaces for acoustic and ultrasound transducers. The test signals that must be generated on-chip have only low or moderate frequencies (10 Hz-10 MHz). The test circuitry designed in a 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology includes a programmable shift-register, a clock divider, and a programmable switched-capacitor filter bank. By controlling the shift-register length and the sampling frequency, the paper shows that high quality single tone signals can be generated on chip in the band of interest.
Low drive voltage Y-branch digital optical switch (1991)

A Y-branch digital optical switch with reduced drive voltage and low crosstalk is reported. The local full branch angle of separating waveguides is decreased from the branching point to the end of the branch.
<i>In-Situ</i> Noble Fabrication of Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/BiVO<sub>4</sub> Hybrid Nanostructure through a Photoelectrochemical Transformation Process for Solar Hydrogen Production (2018)

Here, we establish a methodology and phenomena for systematically assessing the photoelectrochemical transformation of the BiVO4 to Bi2S3/BiVO4 hybrid heterostructure during in-situ solar hydrogen generation. The photoelectrochemical transformation involves a facile anion exchange process by reacting BiVO4 photoelectrodes with Na2S/Na2SO3 electrolyte. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses confirmed the successful transformation of BiVO4 into the Bi2S3/BiVO4 nanostructure matrix. The photocurrent density of the ABV3 photoelectrode is optimized to be 3.3 mA cm–2 with hydrogen generation activity (∼417 μmol cm–2 h–1) under simulated sunlight at 0.67 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). The impacts of other factors such as crystal structure, enhancing light harvesting, and increasing electron–hole separation on the photoelectrochemical performance and stability of Bi2S3/BiVO4 hybrid photoanodes are highlighted. A model based on the photoelectrochemical transformation is also proposed to explain the growth and charge transport phenomenon in Bi2S3/BiVO4 hybrid nanostructured photoanodes. These findings are expected to shed light on further understanding and design of a novel strategy of engineering electronic band structure through photoelectrochemical transformation, which plays a key role in the enhanced performance of hybrid nanostructures in the fields of energy conversion.
Kinetic study of the Beckmann rearrangement of 6.alpha.-methyl-17.alpha.-acetoxyprogesterone-3-oxime by cathode ray polarography (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetic study of the Beckmann rearrangement of 6.alpha.-methyl-17.alpha.-acetoxyprogesterone-3-oxime by cathode ray polarographyArvin P. Shroff and Charles J. ShawCite this: Anal. Chem. 1971, 43, 3, 455–458Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60298a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60298a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views38Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
DEEP POLYMER IMPREGNATION OF A BRIDGE DECK USING THE GROOVING TECHNIQUE. FINAL REPORT (1986)

This project was intended to demonstrate the feasibility of commercial application of deep polymer impregnation to entire bridge deck areas. A special grooving technique previously developed by the researchers was employed. Grooves were cut in the deck using a diamond saw to contain the liquid monomer impregnant. The grooves are cut along lines of constant elevation so that all of the impregnant is contained at constant depth in the grooves. Since the impregnation takes place at the sides and bottoms of the grooves, the time required to impregnate the concrete to a given depth is very significantly reduced over that needed for surface ponding. The field trial was carried out in May-June 1985 on a 44-foot-wide by 131-foot-long bridge deck near Boalsburg, Pennsylvania, by a construction contractor who had had no prior experience with the method or the materials used. Drying was accomplished by means of gas-fired infrared heaters, and polymerization by means of a 30000-gallon pond on the deck surface, heated by live steam, injection. Groove backfilling was done with latex-modified mortar. The depth of impregnation achieved, as measured from core specimens removed from the deck, was in the design range of 3 to 4 inches. It appears that the only impediment to general field implementation of the process is the high first cost resulting from the specialized equipment required. A moderate commitment to the use of the process can reduce the equipment amortization costs to acceptable levels.
Influence of the Entering Group on the trans Effect in Some Platinum(II) Complexes (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfluence of the Entering Group on the trans Effect in Some Platinum(II) ComplexesUmberto Belluco, Mauro Graziani, and Pierluigi RigoCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1966, 5, 7, 1123–1125Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50041a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50041a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views131Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Aufbau eines MATI-Spektrometers und Messungen an Alkyl-Benzolen mit Hilfe von MATI-Spektroskopie (2006)

In dieser Arbeit ist ein Spektrometer zur Durchführung von vibrationsaufgelöster MATI-Spektroskopie aufgebaut worden. Die erreichte Auflösung beträgt 7 Wellenzahlen und ist sehr gut in Bezug auf den Standardwert von 10 Wellenzahlen, wie er typischerweise bei entsprechendem Aufbau in der MATI-Spektroskopie erreicht wird. Es wird desweiteren gezeigt, wie die MATI-Signalintensität durch Erhöhung der Laser-leistung gesteigert werden kann, ohne daß ein Verlust an Auflösungsvermögen eintritt. Die MATI-Signalstärke er-reichte durch Erhöhung der Pumplaserleistung einen Wert, der das Fünfzigfache des Wertes beträgt, der unter herkömlichen Bedingungen erhalten wird. Mit dem beschrie-benen Aufbau und der Möglichkeit, die Signalintensität zu steigern, sind MATI-Spektren von Toluol, p-Xylol und Ethylbenzol aufgenommen worden. Die Anregung fand dabei über bisher nicht verwendete Zwischenzustände statt, so daß neue MATI-Peaks der genannten Substanzen gemessen werden konnten. Im Falle des Ethylbenzols sind auf diese Weise Geometrieveränderungen beim Übergang in den kationischen Zustand festgestellt worden.
Anti-inflammatory activity and a new compound isolated from aerial parts of Myrsine africana (2011)

A new compound was isolated from the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction of the aerial parts of Myrsine africana. The compound was eluted with mobile phase of EtOAc and n-hexane at a ratio of 0.2:9.8. The structure of the compound was identified with the help of 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR, heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC), heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (HMQC), nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) and correlation spectroscopy (COSY). The crude methanolic extract and various fractions of the aerial parts of the plant were also screened for anti-inflammatory activity. The EtOAc and n-hexane fractions of the plant showed moderate (44.8 and 40.9%, respectively) anti-inflammatory activity, while the rest of the fractions and crude extract showed low activity at concentration of 500 µg/ml against human neutrophils.   Key words: Myrsine africana, anti-inflammatory activity, indomethacin.
563 Influence of Ultra-high Levels of Carbon Dioxide on Secondary Metabolite Production in Vitro (1999)

The influence of a wide range of CO 2 levels on the growth, morphogenesis, and secondary metabolite production in vitro was evaluated. Shoots of thyme ( Thymus vulgaris L.) and a spearmint–peppermint cross ( Mentha spicata × Mentha piperita ) were grown on MS medium with and without 3% sucrose under 350, 1500, 3000, 10,000, and 30,000 μL CO 2 /L for 8 weeks. Dichloromethane extracts from leafs were analyzed using GC-MS techniques. Prominent peaks were identified by comparison with known standards. Highest growth (i.e., fresh weight) and morphogenesis responses (i.e., leafs, shoots and roots) were obtained when shoots were grown under 10,000 μL CO 2 /L regardless of whether or not sucrose was included in the medium. Ultra-high CO 2 concentrations (3000 μL CO 2 /L) stimulated secondary metabolite production regardless of whether or not the medium contained sucrose. However, the combination of certain ultra-high CO 2 levels (e.g., 3000 to 10,000 μL CO 2 /L) and the presence of sucrose in the medium resulted in shoots producing the highest levels of secondary metabolites. These results suggest that in vitro photosynthesis, which is stimulated by ultrahigh CO 2 levels, may enhance secondary metabolite production.
Impact parameter methods with effective potentials for inelastic molecular collisions (1973)

Previously employed exact quantum impact parameter methods for elastic scattering are extended to inelastic scattering. This is done within the framework of a recently developed effective potential model for the interaction of two molecules. The effective potential Veff and the transition matrix T are represented as integrals over a Bessel function times corresponding impact parameter amplitudes. Three particular impact parameter representations of the effective potential are discussed. It is shown that the form of the equation of motion for the T-matrix amplitude depends on the representation of the potential. This presents no difficulty once a particular choice of potential representation is made. A convenient characteristic wave number κ is introduced into the formulation, and it is shown that the resulting T-matrix is invariant with respect to its magnitude. The choice of κ is then argued on physical grounds. Several approximate equations of motion and their solutions are developed for the T-matrix amplitude. Some specific computational considerations are also discussed in conjunction with this development.
Amyloidosis Induced in Mice by <i>Escherichia coli</i> Endotoxin (1968)

Amyloidosis was produced in mice by repeated subcutaneous injections of 0.5-or 0.005-milligram amounts of Escherichia coli endotoxin. Of the two strains of mice examined, amyloidosis was induced more readily in one than in the other. The ability of endotoxin to induce amyloidosis lends support to the view that stimulation of reticuloendothelial cells leads to amyloid formation.
Multi-level modelling via stochastic multi-level multiset rewriting (2013)

We present a simple stochastic rule-based approach to multi-level modelling for computational systems biology. Populations are modelled using multi-level multisets; these contain both species and agents, with the latter possibly containing further such multisets. Rules are pairs of such multisets, but they may now also include variables (as well as species and agents), together with an associated stochastic rate. We give two illustrative examples. The first is an extracellular model of virus infection, coupled with an intracellular model of viral reproduction; this model can demonstrate successive waves of infection. The second is a model of cell division in which a repressor protein is diluted in successive generations, so eventually repression no longer occurs. The multi-level multiset approach can also be seen in terms of stochastic term rewriting for the theory of a commutative monoid equipped with extra constants (for the species) and unary operations (for the agents). We further discuss the relationship of this approach with two others: Krivine et al .'s stochastic bigraphs, restricted to Milner's place graphs, and Coppo et al .'s Stochastic Calculus of Wrapped Compartments. These various relationships provide evidence for the fundamental nature of the approach.
Electron Transport and Frozen Concentration Gradients in a Mixed Valent Viologen Molten Salt (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron Transport and Frozen Concentration Gradients in a Mixed Valent Viologen Molten SaltRoger H. Terrill, Tsuyonobu Hatazawa, and Royce W. MurrayCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 45, 16676–16683Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100045a030https://doi.org/10.1021/j100045a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views155Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts