gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Factors Involved in the Negative Transfer from Isolated Learning to Simultaneous Learning. (1980)

Six experiments were intended to characterize more completely a phenomenon found when lists were first learned in isolation and then placed together for simultaneous learning. The subjects learned three lists, each list clearly distinguishable from the other. One of the lists was recalled, another was tested for frequency information, and the memory for the third was tested by recognition procedures. The findings of interest occurred in moving from isolated learning to simultaneous learning. Recall performance was essentially uninfluenced, whereas both recognition performance and frequency judgments were degraded. In the case of frequency information, the effects for some experiments indicated that no residue of the isolated learning remained. In the present work replications were undertaken and certain variables were manipulated to see if the magnitude of the phenomenon could be changed. One of the experiments also dealt with transfer from simultaneous learning to isolated learning, and another showed that associative learning occurred for items presented together for study in simultaneous learning. Degree of level of isolated learning had only a small effect ont he negative transfer observed in subsequent simultaneous learning; the higher the degree of learning the less the negative effect. However, this was not consistent in all experiments. Indeed, the phenomena involved seemed particularly sensitive to what would normally be considered minor variables and there were inconsistencies both within and between experiments.
Over-Complete Source-Mapping Aided AMR-WB MIMO Transceiver Using Three-Stage Interative Detection (2008)

In this paper we propose an iteratively detected Sphere Packing (SP) aided Differential Space-Time Spreading (DSTS) scheme using a Recursive Systematic Convolutional (RSC) code, for protecting the soft-bit assisted Adaptive Multi Rate Wideband (AMR-WB) decoder's bitstream, which is also protected by a novel over-complete source-mapping scheme. The convergence behaviour of the Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) transceiver advocated is investigated with the aid of both three- dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) Extrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) charts. The proposed system exhibits an E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</sub> /N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> gain of about 2.5 dB in comparison to the benchmark scheme carrying out iterative source- and channel-decoding as well as DSTS aided SP-demodulation, but dispensing with the over-complete source-mapping, when using I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">system</sub> = 3 system iterations.
Stage-1 CoCl <sub>2</sub> -Graphite Intercalation Compound: A New Magnetic State in High Fields (1987)

A stage-1 CoCl2 graphite intercalation compound in HOPG of high filling factor (0.9) undergoes a magnetic transition in high magnetic fields parallel to the c-axis. This transition is attributed to crystalline-field effects associated with a lattice distortion.
Factors in the inactivation of Encephalomyocarditis virus in aerosols (1975)

Encephalomyocarditis virus in aerosols is inactivated rapidly at relative humidities below 50%. In glycerol-water mixtures a similar decrease of infectivity occurs when the glycerol concentration exceeds 78% (wt/wt), corresponding to a relative humidity of 50%. The decay in aerosols does not involve oxygen or surface-dependent factors. Variation of temperature shows the inactivation to be a low-energy process with an activation enthalpy of 15 kcal per mol. The damage could be ascribed to dehydration of the virion, presumably proceeding to removal of structurally essential water molecules. This might trigger irreversible changes in the protein coat, resulting in disintegration of the virion.
FIRST EXPERIENCE AND CLINICAL RESULTS OF DSAEK UTILIZING THE PRE-CUT ULTRATHIN GRAFTS (2013)

ABSTRACT Purpose. To evaluate the clinical functional efficiency of pre-cut donor corneas stored in the original preservation medium for the Ultrathin DSAEK procedure. Material and methods. UT-DSAEK procedure was performed in 10 patients with corneal endothelial dystrophy using 10 donor corneas stored in the Borzenok-Moroz medium for 15 hours after pre-cut lamellar dissections performed with the microkeratome. Finally intra-operatively the donor cornea disc was formed from 7.0 to 8.5 mm in diameter depending on the anterior segment individual characteristics of the recipient eye. A minimal initial endothelial cell density (ECD) of the transplant was 2500 (cells/mm2). Results. The average index of a central donor cornea thickness after lamellar dissection (pre-cut stage) was 98.2±6.91µm. The central donor cornea thickness measured intra-operatively after the extraction from the storage medium was 122.0±9.21µm. After the surgery no dislocation or donor graft detachment was observed. Endothelial cell density loss was 29% at 6 months. Best corrected visual acuity in patients without retinal pathology was 0.8±0.1. Conclusion. Medium storage preservation causes swelling of lamellar corneal-scleral disc and increasing its average thickness by 24%. Advanced stromal hydration of corneal tissue does not increase a risk of donor graft dislocation or detachment in the early postoperative follow-up and does not effect on the dynamics. This confirmed the safety and efficiency of the proposed method.
Channel Estimation Using Minimum Bit Error Rate Framework for BPSK Signals (2011)

We consider the design of a linear equalizer with a finite number of coefficients in the context of a classical linear intersymbol-interference channel with additive Gaussian noise for channel estimation. Previous literature has shown that Minimum Bit Error Rate(MBER) based detection has outperformed Minimum Mean Squared Error (MMSE) based detection. We pose the channel estimation problem as a detection problem and propose a novel algorithm to estimate the channel based on the MBER framework for BPSK signals. It is shown that the proposed algorithm reduces BER compared to an MMSE based channel estimation when used in MMSE or MBER detection.
Effect of monensin on plant Golgi: re-examination of the monensin-induced changes in cisternal architecture and functional activities of the Golgi apparatus of sycamore suspension-cultured cells (1993)

We have re-examined the effects of the ionophore monensin on the Golgi apparatus of sycamore maple suspension-cultured cells using a combination of high pressure freezing, immunocytochemical and biochemical techniques. Exposure of the cells to 10 microM monensin, which reduces protein secretion by approximately 90%, resulted first in the swelling of the trans-Golgi network, then of the trans-most trans-cisterna, the remaining trans-cisternae, and finally of the cis and medial cisternae. We postulate that these different rates of swelling reflect an underlying hierarchy of compartmental acidification with the trans-Golgi network being the most acidic compartment. Recovery occurred in the reverse sequence. Previous studies have suggested that the large swollen vesicles that accumulate in the cytoplasm of monensin-treated cells arise from the swelling and detachment of entire trans-cisternae. However, based on the many membrane blebbing configurations seen in association with the trans-Golgi network and the trans-Golgi cisternae of monensin-treated cells, and the fact that the surface area of the trans-Golgi cisternae is about five times greater than the surface area of the swollen vesicles, it appears that the swollen vesicles are produced by a budding mechanism. After 35-40 min of monensin treatment, cells with smaller, non-swollen, compact Golgi stacks began to appear and rapidly increased in number, contributing > 60% of the cell population after 60 min and > 80% after 100 min. In contrast, large numbers of swollen vesicles persisted in the cytoplasm of all cells for over 100 min. Since azide treatment of monensin-treated cells can prematurely induce the unswelling response and cellular ATP levels drop substantially after 45 min of monensin treatment, we propose that un-swelling of the Golgi stacks is due to a monensin-induced decline in ATP levels in the cells. Immunocytochemical labeling of the high pressure frozen cells with anti-xyloglucan antibodies demonstrated that the concentration of xyloglucan, a hemicellulose, in the swollen vesicles increased with time. This increase in vesicle contents may explain why these swollen vesicles do not contract in parallel with the Golgi stacks. In vivo labeling experiments with [3H]fucose, [3H]UDP-glucose and [3H]leucine demonstrated that monensin-treatment not only inhibited protein secretion, but also cellulose synthesis. Protein synthesis, on the other hand, was reduced only slightly during the first 30 min of treatment, but quite strongly between 30 and 60 min, consistent with the observed drop in ATP levels after > 40 min of exposure to monensin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Multi dimensional Photon Entanglement of Quantum States with Phase Singularities (2001)

Entanglement contains one of the most interesting features of quantum mechanics, often named quantum non-locality[1]. This means entangled states are not separable regardless of the spatial separation of their components. Measurements on one particle of a two-particle entangled state define the state of the other particle instantaneously with neither particle enjoying its own well-defined state before the measurement. So far experimental confirmation of entanglement has been restricted to qubits, i.e. two-state quantum systems including recent realization of three- [2, 3] and four-qubit [4, 5] entanglements. Yet, an ever increasing body of theoretical work calls for entanglement in quantum system of higher dimensions[6, 7]. Here we report the first realization3 of multi-dimensional entanglement exploiting the
Nonlinear wavelet approximation in anisotropic besov spaces (2003)

Given anisotropic wavelet decompositions associated with the smoothness β, β = (β 1 ,...,β d ),β 1 ,...,β d > 0 of multivariate functions as measured in anisotropic Besov spaces B β , we give the rate of nonlinear approximation with respect to the L p -norm, 1 ≤ p < ∞, of functions f ∈ B β by these wavelets. We also prove that, among a general class of anisotropic wavelet decompositions of a function f E B β , the anisotropic wavelet decomposition associated with β gives the optimal rate of compression of the wavelet decomposition of f.
Synthesis and frequency-dependent dielectric properties of epitaxial La<sub>1.875</sub>Sr<sub>0.125</sub>NiO<sub>4</sub> thin films (2012)

Abstract Epitaxial thin films of La 1.875 Sr 0.125 NiO 4 (lanthanum strontium nickelate, LSNO) have been synthesized by sputtering onto single crystal oxide substrates and their structural and dielectric properties are reported. High dielectric constants on the order of 10 7 have been measured up to 1 MHz in interdigitated capacitors with a frequency dependence that correlates with substrate imposed strain and texture. The observation of a high dielectric constant albeit with moderate loss tangent at high frequencies motivates further explorations of charge ordering phenomena in such complex oxides and serves to examine size effects on dielectric response by comparison with studies on bulk single crystal LSNO.
18F-Labeled Heterocycles by Huisgen 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition (2013)

Key words Huisgen cycloaddition - 18F labeling - automated synthesis - [2+3] cycloaddition
Dynamical Theory of the Large Polaron: Fock Approximation (1971)

A Green's-function equation-of-motion analysis of the large polaron is presented. Existing theories for the ground-state energy and effective mass are obtained from a nondiagonal form of the Fock approximation to the electron self-energy. A connection between the usual canonical transformation techniques and the Green's-function approach is given explicitly. The effects of vertex corrections and translational invariance are examined in the context of these results.
STEvent (2010)

Spatio-temporal data concerning the movement of individuals over space and time contains latent information on the associations among these individuals. Sources of spatio-temporal data include usage logs of mobile and Internet technologies. This article defines a spatio-temporal event by the co-occurrences among individuals that indicate potential associations among them. Each spatio-temporal event is assigned a weight based on the precision and uniqueness of the event. By aggregating the weights of events relating two individuals, we can determine the strength of association between them. We conduct extensive experimentation to investigate both the efficacy of the proposed model as well as the computational complexity of the proposed algorithms. Experimental results on three real-life spatio-temporal datasets cross-validate each other, lending greater confidence on the reliability of our proposed model.
Mach-Zehnder Electro-Optic Modulator Based on Epitaxial Ba<sub>0.7</sub>Sr<sub>0.3</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub>Thin Films (2007)

Epitaxial Ba 0.7 S r 0.3 TiO 3 (BST) thin films were deposited on MgO (001) single crystal substrates using pulsed laser deposition. The bidimensional structure of a rib-type Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulator was designed using the effective index method. A Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulator based on BST/MgO was fabricated using standard photolithography and reactive ion etching techniques. A single mode near-field output pattern was observed using an end-fire coupling method. Optical modulation was successfully demonstrated. The half-wave voltage V π was found to be 60 V and the effective electro-optic coefficient was calculated to be r c eff = 27.0 × 10−12 m/V at a wavelength of 1550 nm.
Influence of Hold Time on Creep-Fatigue Behavior of an Advanced Austenitic Alloy (2011)

An advanced austenitic alloy, HT-UPS (high temperature-ultrafine precipitate strengthened), is a candidate material for the structural components of fast reactors and energy-conversion systems. HT-UPS provides improved creep resistance through a composition based on 316 stainless steel (SS) with additions of Ti and Nb to form nano-scale MC precipitates in the austenitic matrix. The low cycle fatigue and creep-fatigue behavior of a HT-UPS alloy has been investigated at 650 C, 1.0% total strain, and an R ratio of -1 with hold times as long as 9000 sec at peak tensile strain. The cyclic deformation response of HT-UPS is compared to that of 316 SS. The cycles to failure are similar, despite differences in peak stress profiles and the deformed microstructures. Cracking in both alloys is transgranular (initiation and propagation) in the case of continuous cycle fatigue, while the primary cracks also propagate transgranularly during creep-fatigue cycling. Internal grain boundary damage as a result of the tensile hold is present in the form of fine cracks for hold times of 3600 sec and longer and substantially more internal cracks are visible in 316 SS than HT-UPS. The dislocation substructures observed in the deformed material are different. An equiaxed cellular structure is observed in 316 SS, whereas tangles of dislocations are present at the nanoscale MC precipitates in HT-UPS and no cellular substructure is observed.
Transport properties in polypyrrole–PVA composites: Evidence for hopping conduction (1992)

Abstract Experimental results on electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power for FeCl 3 ‐doped polyvinyl alcohol‐polypyrrole composites, with polypyrrole content exceeding the percolation threshold, are presented. The electrical conductivity is analyzed in terms of the hopping theory, whereas the thermoelectric power displays a metallic‐like dependence. A model involving both the intrinsic resistance of the fibrils (V.R.H. hopping mechanisms) and the resistance of the junctions between fibrils (fluctuations‐induced tunneling conduction) has been retained.
Understanding tumor-induced weight loss. (2002)

Cancer can alter nutritional status through several mechanisms. By understanding these processes and implementing a comprehensive nutritional plan, health care professionals can improve cancer patients' nutritional status, clinical outcomes, and quality of life.
Combined external urethral bulking and artificial urinary sphincter for urethral atrophy and stress urinary incontinence (2005)

In cases of severe recurrent SUI from urethral atrophy after placing an AUS, externally bulking the urethra with Surgisis ES before placing another AUS is well tolerated, and gives satisfactory results.
ChemInform Abstract: FLUORINATION OF TRIMETHYLAMINE OVER COBALT(III) FLUORIDE. NOVEL CYCLIZATION OF TRIMETHYLAMINE TO POLYFLUORO‐1,3‐DIMETHYLIMIDAZOLIDINES (CHARACTERIZED BY MASS SPECTROMETRY AND NMR SPECTROSCOPY); CATION‐RADICAL MECHANISM OF FLUORINATION (1980)

Abstract Die Festbett‐Fluorierung führt zu den 3‐polyfluorierten Trimethylaminen (II) bis (IV), dem vermutlich erst während destillativer Aufarbeitung aus (IV) entstehenden Aldehyd (V) und den 7 neuen, polyfluorierten Imidazolidinen (VI)‐(IX).
Scaling, stability and synchronization in mouse-sized (and larger) cortical simulations (2007)

Together, the two hemispheres of the mouse cortex contain, 16 × 106 neurons and 8,000 synapses per neuron. We have recently developed a massively parallel cortical simulator [1] that incorporates relatively simpler single compartment spiking neurons [2], spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) [3], and axonal delays.

We created a mouse-scale network by using 32,768 (80% excitatory) each with 500 neurons such that each group connects to 100 randomly selected groups and each neuron from the projecting group makes a total of c = 80 synapses with the neurons of the receptive group. Excitatory groups had axonal delays uniformly ranging from 1–20 ms, and inhibitory groups had a fixed delay of 1 ms. All simulations used a 1 ms time step. Using a BlueGene/L with 8,192 processors, with 4 TB of memory, using a super-threshold stimulus delivered to every neuron at 4 Hz, we were able to simulate 5 s of model time in 168 s of real-time at a mean firing rate of 4.95 Hz (in stable mode). To further push the boundaries of scaling, by using c = 160 above, we created a network with 16,384,000 neurons and 16,000 synapses per neuron. Using 16,384 processors and 8 TB of memory, using a 5 Hz stimulation, we were able to achieve 5 s of model time in 265 s of real-time at a mean firing rate of 5 Hz (in stable mode).

While it is very easy to drive a network into a damped state or into an avalanche mode, stabilizing cortical simulations is enormously difficult (p. 167, [4]), [5]. We found that the allowed maximum synaptic efficacy (which upper bounds the growth of excitatory synaptic efficacies under STDP) and the probability of the super-threshold stimulus together greatly affected the behavior of networks. We explored several models with varying numbers of synapses from 1 to 16,000 synapses per neuron. We observed that finding a range of maximum synaptic efficacies corresponding to stable models is harder to achieve for higher number of synapses per neuron if the stimulus probability is kept low. Further, there appears to be a threshold stimulus probability below which – when maximum synaptic efficacy is varied – models make a sharp transition from damped to avalanche mode. For both the networks with 16,000 and 8,000 synapses per neuron, we observed three distinct modes, namely, damped, stable, and avalanche (shown in figure ​figure11 for the larger network).



Figure 1

Damped, stable and avalanche modes in network simulations.
Preparation of modified bovine factor VIII with enhanced biological activity using insoluble-trypsin columns. (1968)

Crude bovine Factor VIII preparations have been modified by passage over a column of trypsin-agarose. Factor VIII prepared without an early adsorption step utilizing either barium sulfate or aluminum hydroxide gel generated significant Factor Xa activity by passage over such a column and was unsuitable for further characterization. Factor VIII prepared using adsorption with barium sulfate contained no Factor Xa activity after passage over trypsin-agarose. This trypsin-modified material showed a decreased molecular size as judged by behavior on gel filtration and an increased rate of reaction with bovine Factor IXa.
Fast Marching Method to Correct for Refraction in Ultrasound Computed Tomography (2006)

A significant obstacle in the advancement of ultrasound computed tomography has been the lack of efficient and precise methods for the tracing of the bent rays that result from the interaction of sound with refractive media. In this paper, we propose the use of the fast marching method (FMM) to solve the eikonal equation which governs the propagation of sound waves. The FMM enables us to determine with great accuracy and ease the distorted paths that the sound rays take from an emitter to the receivers. We show that knowledge of the accurate path proves crucial for an object reconstruction at high fidelity and accurate geometry. We employ a two-phase approach with an iterative method, SART, to faithfully reconstruct two tissue properties relevant in clinical diagnosis, such as mammography: speed of sound and sound attenuation. We demonstrate our results by ways of a newly designed analytical ultrasound breast phantom.
RNA Interference for Viral Infections (2012)

The treatment of viral infections has relied on pre-emptive vaccination or use of a limited range of anti-viral drugs. However, the majority of viruses have no available drugs and treatment is merely supportive. RNA interference (RNAi) offers the ability to directly and rapidly treat virus infections via the targeting of viral genes. Indeed, clinical trials have already been undertaken with promising results. Here we review the current state of the RNAi field for the treatment of viral infections such as HIV, human papillomavirus and HCV. We also review novel strategies including the concept of targeting self-genes to limit viral infection and activating the immune system for improved outcomes. Finally we examine innovative approaches being pursued at the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre including the use of high-throughput siRNA screens to identify new antiviral targets.
Application of the Born-Oppenheimer principle to classification of time scales in molecules interacting with time-dependent external fields (1992)

An analysis of the Hamiltonian of a molecule interacting with time-dependent external fields leads to the identification of various time scales governing the motion of the electrons and the nuclei. The most important role is played by the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, which considers the nuclear kinetic energy to be bounded and small compared to the gradient of the electronic-potential surfaces. The relative electronic-excitation operator is defined and is shown to be slowly dependent on time. This is a consequence of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation in the context of the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation and the interaction with an external electric field. We show how to capitalize on this identified slow motion in the presence of rapid Rabi oscillations driven by the external field. The stroboscopic-integration technique is used in an illustrative calculation for the case of two electronic states coupled by the external field.