gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunomodulation of polyamine biosynthesis in tobacco plants has a significant impact on polyamine levels and generates a dwarf phenotype (2005)

Summary Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyses the direct decarboxylation of l ‐ornithine to putrescine, one of the rate‐limiting steps of polyamine biosynthesis in plants. In the present study, an ODC‐specific murine single‐chain antibody fragment (scFvODC1) was generated by phage display technology. To evaluate the effect of the recombinant antibody fragment on ODC activity and polyamine levels, we produced transgenic tobacco plants that accumulated scFvODC1 in the cytosol. Expression levels of up to 4% total soluble protein (TSP) were achieved, resulting in the inhibition of up to 90% of endogenous ODC activity. A significant reduction in putrescine, spermidine and spermine levels was observed in transgenic lines producing high levels of scFvODC1. Furthermore, these lines showed developmental abnormalities and a dwarf phenotype. We show that the immunomodulation of enzyme activity is a powerful approach that can be used to alter complex and tightly controlled metabolic pathways, allowing specific steps in the pathway to be blocked and the resulting physiological effects to be investigated.
Message Scheduling for Efficient Data Communication Under Varying Channel Conditions (1984)

This paper deals with the problem of optimizing the decisions as to when to schedule transmissions of messages under varying channel conditions. A cost function is minimized which is a sum of delay cost and resource cost. An exponential delay cost function is utilized which is unconventional, but has some realistic qualities as well as mathematical convenience. Most of the analysis is based on using the two-state Markov model of channel conditions. However, to improve realism, the bad channel state is assumed in some cases to have several modes of different expected durations, but the mode is not known to the user. Results are derived for two cases. One case is that of a single, lightly loaded two-state channel where a message arrives during a bad state. A second case is where there is time sharing of transmission over different channels where conditions on the different channels vary differently.
Equalization of satellite mobile communication channels using combined self-organizing maps and RBF networks (2002)

The paper proposes a neural network approach to equalize time varying nonlinear channels. The approach is applied to a satellite UMTS channel composed of time invariant linear filters, a non-linear memoryless amplifier and a time varying multipath propagation channel. The neural network equalizer has a radial basis function structure. The usual k-mean clustering algorithm is replaced by a Kohonen (1995) learning rule. This results in an RBF-SOM equalizer which outperforms the LMS equalizer, and which has better recovering abilities (after passing through a high fading area) than the former RBF equalizer.
Performance characteristics of a signal detection scheme and its estimation method applicable to M-to-M communication System (2014)

In mobile radio systems, Machine-to-Machine (M-to-M) communication has recently attracted significant attention. This paper describes the performance characteristics of a signal detection scheme applicable to M-to-M communication, in which machine terminals search their possible operation area where the Base-Station-to-Mobile-Station (BS-to-MS) communication is not using a specific frequency band. The investigated signal detection scheme consists of a signal canceller and a feature detector. For such scheme, we describe the detection performance characteristics by an analysis based on stochastic theory. We also address the estimation method of the detection performance by using detected values in the signal detector. Its estimation accuracy is adequate from the viewpoint of real usage.
ChemInform Abstract: Amino Acids and Peptides. Part 99. Preparation of 2‐Bromo‐5‐ hydroxytryptophans. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Laser excitation and ionization of dense atomic vapors (1980)

It has been shown that a dense (>10(14) -cm(-3)) atomic vapor, irradiated by a saturating pulse of resonance radiation, will ionize on a time scale of <10(-6) sec. The ionization can be 95% complete and has been observed in Li, Na, Ca, Sr, and Ba. A large number of physical processes contribute to the ionization with different processes dominating at different stages in the ionization. These processes are discussed, and two models for calculating the ionization are described. The results of the various experiments and the applications to the spectroscopy of ions and to atomic physics studies in general are reviewed.
The unique chemistry of castor oil (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe unique chemistry of castor oilE. E. Gilbert Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1941, 18, 7, 338Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1941Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 July 1941Published inissue 1 July 1941https://doi.org/10.1021/ed018p338RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views645Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Prothero, Mr. George Walter and Mrs. Margaret "Fanny", 1906 February 21 (1906)

letter typed, name signed; addressed to Mr. Prothero; She scratches her head and screws up her features and too flagrantly speculates and calculates, without a real unity either of passion or of prudence. All of which strikes me as making her second-rate altogether; includes envelope
Interim Progress Report on the Application of an Independent Components Analysis-based Spectral Unmixing Algorithm to Beowulf Computers (2003)

This report describes work done to implement an independent-components-analysis (ICA) -based blind unmixing algorithm on the Eastern Region Geography (ERG) Beowulf computer cluster. It gives a brief description of blind spectral unmixing using ICA-based techniques and a preliminary example of unmixing results for Landsat-7 Thematic Mapper multispectral imagery using a recently reported1,2,3 unmixing algorithm. Also included are computer performance data. The final phase of this work, the actual implementation of the unmixing algorithm on the Beowulf cluster, was not completed this fiscal year and is addressed elsewhere. It is noted that study of this algorithm and its application to land-cover mapping will continue under another research project in the Land Remote Sensing theme into fiscal year 2004.
Fast, accurate rate-control for low-rate wavelet-based image coding via bootstrapping with local probability models (2005)

Real-time rate-control requires fast, accurate characterization of the relationship between wavelet subband step-size and rate. A rate-control algorithm is presented based on local properties of the function parameterizing this relationship, the rate-quantization or R-Q curve, for each subband. The behavior of this function is characterized by using the coder once, with step-sizes close to those that achieve the desired rate, which are determined entirely by a model-based technique. This solution requires a coder, a performance metric (which implies a subband-quantization strategy), and continuously differentiable (C/sup 1/) R-Q curves. This approach differs from some previous approaches in that it is based on local structure of R-Q curves instead of a global property, and does not require any training. The proposed scheme produces step-sizes that achieve rates typically less than half a percent away from the target rate. This method is fast, accurate, coder independent, requires no training, and can be combined with any subband-based quantization scheme.
Total synthesis of the structure of the putative landomycin aglycone, revision of the structure and studies directed toward the synthesis of the proposed structure of the landomycin aglycone. (2003)

As an extension of our program towards the total synthesis of carbohydrate natural products, we became interested in landomycin A almost ten years ago. Landomycin A is the largest anti-tumor antibiotic of the angucycline family and has been shown to interact with DNA and inhibit cell cycle progression from the G<sub>0</sub> to S phase as well as to possess activity against 60 cancerous cell lines. Our interest in this molecule stems both from the complex nature of the hexasaccharide chain, which features six 2,6-di-deoxysugars, as well as the delicate tetracyclic aglycone. Our synthesis of the hexasaccharide was completed in 1999, at which time, work on the aglycone began. The synthesis of the reported structure of the landomycin aglycone featured a late stage, intramolecular Michael addition to a quinone to generate the desired tetracycle. The substrate for this reaction was generated by a Dotz benzannulation reaction of a Fischer carbene derived from hydroquinone and a functionalized, mono-substituted alkyne. Upon completion of the synthesis, spectral data from the synthetic material failed to match that reported for the natural aglycone. After investigating any possible issues of conformational isomerism being responsible for the spectral disparity, we concluded the structure of the natural product had been mis-assigned. Based on examination and comparison of the spectral data for the synthetic and natural material, as well as a derivative of each, an alternate structure was proposed. The alternate structure differs from the reported structure only by the regiochemistry of a single alcohol. Four approaches towards the synthesis of the alternate structure have been investigated. Dotz benzannulation was again used to provide advanced intermediates to attempt an intramolecular Michael addition, however in this case the Michael closure was not successful. Another approach involved late-stage epoxidation followed by reductive oxirane opening. This scheme proved untenable due to side oxidations undergone by the electron rich aromatic substrate in lieu of epoxidation. Radical mediated closure was attempted, but failed owing to the demanding steric environment around the radical precursor. A final approach entailed an intramolecular Heck reaction to close the tetracyclic aglycone. This route failed to provide the desired product of simple ring closure, producing instead a structurally interesting pentacyclic ketone.
Erratum: “Goniometric instrument for light scattering measurement of biological tissues and phantoms” [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 73, 2211 (2002)] (2002)

First Page
Anomalies in the GRBs' spatial distribution (2015)

Swift's remarkable ability to quickly localize gamma-ray bursts has led to the accumulation of a sizable burst sample for which both angular locations and redshifts are measured. This sample has become large enough that it can potentially be used to probe angular anisotropies indicative of large-scale universal structure. In a previous work, a large clustering of gamma-ray bursts at redshift z 2 was reported in the general direction of the constellations of Hercules and Corona Borealis. Since that report, a 42% increase in the number of z 2 gamma-ray bursts has been observed, warranting an updated analysis. Surprisingly, the cluster is more pronounced now than it was when it was first reported.
Evaluation of gladiolus (Gladiolus hybrida) cultivars for flower and corm production under Pasighat (Arunachal Pradesh) condition (2013)

Evaluation of gladiolus (Gladiolus hybrida L.) cultivars to identify the suitable variety for successful cultivation, flower and corm production under agroclimatic condition of Pasighat, East Siang district, Arunachal Pradesh, was carried out during winter season (November 2011 to February 2013). Ten varieties, Jester, Candyman, Poppy Tears, Summer Sunshine, Wedding Bouquet, Hunting Song, Pacifica, American Beauty, Red Ginger and White Prosperity, were selected for evaluation. Uniform size of gladiolus corms (3.00–4.00 cm diameter) were planted on raised beds. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. Uniform package of practices were followed throughout the experiment to grow a healthy crop. Significant response in vegetative, flowering and corm characters was observed in cultivar Candyman, followed by Poppy Tears, Red Ginger, Hunting Song, Wedding Bouquet, Pacifica and American Beauty. Sprouting of corms were advanced in cultivars Poppy Tears, Candyman, Summer Sunshine, Wedding Bouquet, Hunting Song and Pacifica, while delayed in cultivars Jester, American Beauty, Red Ginger and White Prosperity. Highest plant height (71.20cm) in cultivar Red Ginger, number of leaves/plant (10.67) in Candyman, length of leaf (53.67cm) in Pacifica, breadth of leaf (4.97cm) in Poppy Tears and number of tillers/plant (2.67) in American Beauty and Red Ginger was recorded, however, earliness in spike emergence after corm sprouting (60.00 days) in Jester, days to first flowering after spike emergence (9.33 days) in Candyman and maximum spike length (109.83cm) in Red Ginger, rachis length (66.23cm) in Pacifica, florets/spike (18.33) in Red Ginger and diameter of flower stalk (10.05mm) in Hunting Song were observed. Enhanced field life (20.33 days) and vase-life of cut gladiolus flowers under tap water (12.00 days) was observed in cultivar Red Ginger. However, maximum corm weight (74.30g) was noticed with cultivar Hunting Song, followed by Candyman (68.70g), Red Ginger (64, 20g) and Poppy Tears (57.50g).
Action of Antifouling Paints. (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAction of Antifouling Paints.John D. Ferry and Dayton E. CarrittCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1946, 38, 6, 612–617Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50438a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50438a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views249Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Effects of soil and canopy characteristics on microwave backscattering of vegetation (1991)

A frequency modulated continuous wave C-band (4.8 GHz) scatterometer was mounted on an aerial lift truck and backscatter coefficients of corn were acquired as functions of polarizations, view angles, and row directions. As phytomass and green leaf area index increased, the backscatter also increased. Near anthesis when the canopies were fully developed, the major scattering elements were located in the upper 1 m of the 2.8 m tall canopy and little backscatter was measured below that level. C-band backscatter data could provide information to monitor vegetation at large view zenith angles.
Synthesis of Heat-Shock Proteins and Tumor Growth (1986)

Exposure to hyperthermia induces the preferential synthesis of a set of proteins, known as heat-shock proteins. The synthesis of heat-shock proteins has been studied in rat liver cells, and human lymphocytes, and in their neoplastic counterparts. Tumor cells synthesize heat-shock proteins essentially as their normal controls, but the response of ascites hepatoma cells depends on the presence of glucose in the medium. Solid hepatoma slices seem to synthesize some heat-shock proteins constitutively, i.e., before exposure to high temperature. Any possible interpretation of this fact must take into account the growth of tumor cells.
Fine line lithography systems for VLSI (1978)

This paper discusses advantages and disadvantages of advanced lithography techniques under investigation for the fabrication of semiconductor integrated circuits. These techniques are replacing conventional ultra-violet (UV) contact/proximity printing. They employ standard UV radiation (λ = 3500Å-4000ÅA), deep UV radiation (λ = 2000Å-2600Å), soft x-rays (λ = 4Å-40Å), and electrons. It is assumed that the reader is familiar with the basic principles of the new methods.
A Reduced Sensitivity for Activated Protein C in the Absence of Factor V Leiden Increases the Risk of Venous Thrombosis (1999)

Activated protein C (APC) resistance caused by the factor V Leiden mutation is associated with an increased risk of venous thrombosis. We investigated whether a reduced response to APC, not due to the factor V point mutation, is also a risk factor for venous thrombosis. For this analysis, we used the Leiden Thrombophilia Study (LETS), a case-control study for venous thrombosis including 474 patients with a first deep-vein thrombosis and 474 age- and sex-matched controls. All carriers of the factor V Leiden mutation were excluded. A dose-response relationship was observed between the sensitivity for APC and the risk of thrombosis: the lower the normalized APC sensitivity ratio, the higher the associated risk. The risk for the lowest quartile of normalized APC-SR (<0.92), which included 16.5% of the healthy controls, compared with the highest quartile (normalized APC-SR > 1.05) was greater than fourfold increased (OR = 4.4; 95% confidence interval, 2.9 to 6.6). We adjusted for VIII:C levels, which appeared to affect our APC resistance test. The adjusted (age, sex, FVIII:C) odds ratio for the lowest quartile was 2.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 4.2). So, after adjustment for factor VIII levels, a reduced response to APC remained a risk factor. Our results show that a reduced sensitivity for APC, not caused by the factor V Leiden mutation, is a risk factor for venous thrombosis.
Elastin-derived peptides enhance melanoma growth in vivo by upregulating the activation of Mcol-A (MMP-1) collagenase (2010)

Our data show that in vivo, EDPs are involved in melanoma growth and invasion and reinforced the concept of elastin fragmentation as a predictive factor.
Detection of sidewalk border using camera on low-speed buggy (2007)

A method of automatically and accurately detecting regions of sidewalks is useful for assisting pedestrians.

There are several types of sidewalk borders: steps, white lines, guardrails, walls, plants, and ditches, for example. However we can assume that the structure of an environment along some direction is uniform for several meters regardless of the components of the environment.

Therefore, we present a method to detect the direction and extract borders of sidewalks by using this assumption.

First, an inputted image is transformed to a rectified horizontal map by using affine transformation, and the map is divided into small regions. Each region represents about 5 × 5-10 meters. Then, the direction of each region is determined by calculating the sharpness in the change of the average intensity of each column. Moreover, candidates of a borderline are detected by using the sharpness graph. These candidates are refined by using the dynamic contour model method. Finally, the two most interior lines are detected as borders of the sidewalk.

We applied this method to about 10,000 images, which are obtained by a test run in outdoors, and detected a border in about 80% of the images at this time.
STUDY ON MAGNETIC SHIELDING (1988)

Magnetic shielding is more difficult than radio frequency shielding. Therefore, good shielding effect can hardly be expected using the magnetic shielding method. This fact can easily be seen by comparing the ratio of energy conduction and the stopping power of electric energy and of magnetic energy. For the study of the magnetic shielding effect of an MRI room, measurements of magnetic field strength were made using gaussmeter equipped with a probe. Furthermore, these results were compared with the results of a computer simulation based on the boundary element method. The experimentally obtained results indicated 33 dB, which corresponds to the attenuation of 1/50. Calculated shielding effect by computer simulation was 20.9 dB, which corresponds to an attenuation of about 1/10.
A novel technique to measure the dynamic response of an optical phase modulator (1995)

This paper describes a novel technique that can be used to measure the frequency response of an optical phase modulator. An interesting feature of this technique is that it does not require the use of an interferometer for phase-to-amplitude conversion, thus alleviating stability and alignment problems. Instead, the electro-optically induced birefringence of the modulator and a simple polarizer are used to transform phase modulation into intensity modulation. The latter is detected with a high-speed photodiode and, for a sinusoidal modulating signal, the resulting output power spectrum is shown to be related to the actual phase modulation index by simple mathematical expressions involving Bessel functions. Using only a spectrum analyzer, the magnitude and the variations of the modulation index are measured over a broad frequency range.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[Properties of DNA-(cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase in the brain]. (1985)

Beef brain DNA-(cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase was partially purified by chromatography on Ultrogel AcA34 and Dyematrex Blue A. The purification was of 360 times and the recovery of 75%. The pH optimum of the reaction is 7.6 NaCl inhibits double stranded DNA methylation, but stimulates single stranded DNA methylation up to 50 mM, before inhibiting. EDTA (1 mM) and MgCl2 (4 mM) stimulate DNA methylation. Polyamines inhibit the reaction.