gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bulking Agents: Anesthesia Techniques (2009)

Bulking therapy for the minimally invasive treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) may be offered to women with urodynamic SUI, wishing to avoid the complications associated with more invasive surgery, on the basis of low operative morbidity and low long-term success rates. These bulking agents may be injected by a retrograde or antegrade technique in the periurethral tissue around the bladder neck and proximal urethra. This therapy is strongly dependent on the anesthetic technique of choice; moreover its application as an outpatient procedure implies the potential for a cost-effective treatment for selected patients with SUI. In the present paper all factors affecting the choice of different types of anesthetic techniques are discussed.
Cell Surface Molecule Associated with Lymphocyte Homing Is a Ubiquitinated Branched-Chain Glycoprotein (1986)

Partial amino acid sequence analysis of a purified lymphocyte homing receptor demonstrates the presence of two amino termini, one of which corresponds precisely to the amino terminus of ubiquitin. This observation extends the province of this conserved polypeptide to the cell surface and leads to a proposed model of the receptor complex as a core polypeptide modified by glycosylation and ubiquitination. Independent antibodies to ubiquitin serve to identify additional cell surface species, an indication that ubiquitination of cell surface proteins may be more general. It is proposed that functional binding of lymphocytes to lymph node high endothelial venules might involve the ubiquitinated region of the receptor; if true, cell surface ubiquitin could play a more general role in cell-cell interaction and adhesion.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Cycloadditions of 1‐Haloalkynes with Nitrile Oxides and Organic Azides: Synthesis of 4‐Haloisoxazoles and 5‐Halotriazoles (2014)

(Cyclopentadienyl)(cyclooctadiene) ruthenium(II) chloride [CpRuCl(cod)] catalyzes the reaction between nitrile oxides and electronically deficient 1-choro-, 1-bromo-, and 1-iodoalkynes leading to 4-haloisoxazoles. Organic azides are also suitable 1,3-dipoles, resulting in 5-halo-1,2,3-triazoles. These air-tolerant reactions can be performed at room temperature with 1.25 equivalents of the respective 1,3-dipole relative to the alkyne component. Reactive 1-haloalkynes include propiolic amides, esters, ketones, and phosphonates. Post-functionalization of the halogenated azole products can be accomplished by using palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions and by manipulation of reactive amide groups. The lack of catalysis observed with [Cp*RuCl(cod)] (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) is attributed to steric demands of the Cp* (η(5)-C5Me5) ligand in comparison to the parent Cp (η(5)-C5H5). This hypothesis is supported by the poor reactivity of [(η(5)-C5Me4CF3)RuCl(cod)], which serves as a an isosteric mimic of Cp* and as an isoelectronic analogue of Cp.
Physiology of Erection (2011)

Penile erection is the process by which the flaccid phallus becomes engorged and rigid, thus facilitating sexual intercourse. The mechanisms and means by which the penis becomes erect have been a source of fascination, superstition, and interest for humans throughout recorded history. It is only within the past 40 years that the physiological and molecular pathways that mediate this critically important process have been elucidated. With improvements in our understanding of the physiology of erection, the medical community has been able to potentiate and improve sexual function in ways scarcely imagined in the past.
Radial Deformation of Carbon Nanotubes in Supersonic Collisions with a Silicon Surface (2010)

Using molecular dynamics simulations, we studied the radial deformation of a carbon nanotube (CNT) in supersonic collisions with a silicon surface. High speed (5 km/s) impact on its sidewall causes an abrupt and partially irreversible deformation of the 0.81 nm diameter CNT. The diameter of the CNT is decreased by more than 50% within 0.3 ps after the onset of the collision. This deformation relaxes on a half picosecond time scale, but vibrational energy in the tube relaxes much more slowly. Upon completion of the relaxation, the CNT shows an irreversible radial compression ranging from 7% to 35% of its original diameter. Also, the CNT penetrates below the surface to a distance of up to 13% of its diameter. In the case of near glancing incidence, the CNT scratches and rolls along the surface. At a speed of 700 m/s, the CNT is either scattered from or bound to the surface without any irreversible deformation. At a speed of 15 km/s, the CNT loses its radial elasticity and is completely fragmented. These results are interpreted by examining the effective temperature of the nanotube that is produced during the collision, and it is found that collisions that produce a local temperature near 2000 °C lead to irreversible damage. This concept is used to interpret recent CNT spraying measurements involving larger multiwalled CNTs.
Serodiagnosis of Recent Hepatitis B Infection by Igm Class Anti–Hbc (1983)

time sequence, relative reactivity, and persistence of anti–HBc IgM were assessed in patients with HBsAg–positive viral hepatitis. A solid–phase immunoassay was developed using the IgM capture procedure with anti–m¨ated polystyrene beads. HBcAg was purified from serum Dane particles and used as a probe with 125I–labeled anti–HBc IgG. This immunoassay exhibited a pronounced prozoning phenomenon, and relative titers of sera differed widely depending upon the dilution of serum tested. When all sera were tested at 1:5,000 dilution, results were comparable in different patient groups. HBc IgM persisted at detectable levels for up to 2 years, and it was necessary to establish relative titers to discriminate current from remote infections. A cut–off assay value was established, and in 12 cases of acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, antibody exceeded this value for about 6 months after onset of HBs antigenemia. A similar profile of anti–HBc IgM persistence was observed in seven patients who developed an HBsAg chronic carrier state. Long–term viral replication did not sustain elevated IgM class–specific antibody levels. studies suggest that anti–HBc IgM analyses may be useful for differentiating recent and current HBV infections from remote infections, eliminating HBV as the agent for non–A, non–B hepatitis in asymptomatic HBsAg carriers, and detecting HBV as the etiologic agent during silent (HBsAg negative) infections.
Cell Cycle Analysis of Cultured Porcine Mammary Cells (1999)

One of the major points of debate in determining the effectiveness of nuclear transfer technology has been the phase of the cell cycle of the donor cell at the time of nuclear transfer. Here, a primary mammary cell line has been isolated and various treatments for synchronization of the cell cycle have been tested. The cells were then simultaneously stained for DNA content and protein content and the percentages of cells in G1, G0, S, and G2 + M were estimated. In the first experiment, cells were either cycling, grown to confluence, or serum-starved for 5 days. Serum starvation increased (p < 0.05) the percentage of cells in G0 compared to confluent or cycling cells from 3% to 8% to 22%. By using forward scatter to determine the size of the cells it was determined that if small cells (7-15 microm) were selected from the serum-starved group 43.9% will be in G(0) as compared to 4.5% of cycling cells and 9.9% of confluent cells. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) treatment (0%, 0.5%, or 1.0%) for 72 hours (shown to synchronize some cell types in G0) had no effect on the percentage of cells in G0, G1, S, or G2 + M. Treatment with mimosine (0 microM, 0.4 microM, 0.8 microM or 1.2 microM), a compound that should synchronize the cells in G1, increased (p < 0.05) the percentage of cells in G1 from 66.7% (0 microM mimosine) to 79.0% to 82.0%. Finally, treatment with colchicine for 24 hours (shown to synchronize some cell types in G2 + M) increased (p < 0.05) the percentage of cells in G2 + M (0 microM colchicine) from 13.3% to 27.2% to 31.6%. It is concluded that many cell cycle synchronization techniques are effective in porcine mammary cell lines, but none of the techniques are 100% effective. Such results should help elucidate the mechanisms involved in nuclear transfer.
Intelligent Field Centers IFCs: Integrating People, Processes and Technologies to Optimally Manage Giant Fields (2010)

Abstract As part of the implementation of its strategic goals, Saudi Aramco effectively leverages intelligent field (I-Field) processes and technologies. The I-Field initiative (development architecture) includes four levels: Surveillance, Integration, Optimization and Innovation, with a vision for full implementation and coverage of all producing fields within the medium term. The accomplishment of this ambitious goal requires a well coordinated approach company-wide to truly benefit and extract value from the I-Field approach and practices. The value proposition of the I-Field program includes increasing production potential, recovery factor and efficiency with the most safe and environmentally sound practices. One facet of achieving this corporate objective is through enhanced reservoir management strategies and integrated multidisciplinary collaborations. One of the contributing initial elements is the creation of Intelligent Field Centers (IFCs) that will enable and facilitate collaborative decision making around reservoir management processes and tasks. The first established IFCs had emphasis on reservoir management tasks with a longer vision and a wider objective of optimizing the company’s assets and operations in achieving its expanding goals. This first group of IFCs is foreseen as nuclei for a growing contemporary practice in managing the company’s assets. In order to come up with the optimum design of these centers and to ensure that they meet the objectives set out by the company, a rigorous, multistage methodology was utilized that started by a comprehensive assessment study. The results of this assessment revealed several high priority workflows being performed by the reservoir management groups, which, once implemented in the IFCs, should deliver improvements in efficiency and, therefore, impacting production and ultimately increasing recoverable reserves. The assessment and design results showed critical cross-functional and I-Field requirements, such as collaboration, change management, integration, interoperability and openness, automation and knowledge capture. This paper will detail the methodology followed in assessing the requirements and designing the use of the IFCs.
Cannabinoids alter spontaneous firing, bursting, and cell synchrony of hippocampal principal cells (2010)

Both natural and synthetic cannabinoid receptor (e.g., CB1) agonists such as Δ(9)-THC, WIN 55,212-2 (WIN-2), and HU-210 disrupt spatial cognition presumably through the inhibition of synchrony of hippocampal ensemble firing to task-related events. Although the CB1 receptor agonist CP 55,940 also disrupts the synchronous firing of hippocampal neurons, it does not seem to affect the average firing rate. This difference is not readily explained by the chemical structure and pharmacology of the different compounds thus warranting a more detailed examination into (i) how other cannabinoids affect the spontaneous firing, bursting, and cell synchrony of hippocampal principal cells located in CA3 and CA1 subfields, and (ii) whether these effects are indeed mediated through CB1 receptors, which will be explored by the selective antagonist AM-251. Male Long-Evans rats surgically implanted with multielectrode arrays to hippocampal CA3 and CA1 were anesthetized and principal cells discharging at 0.25-6.0 Hz were isolated and "tracked" following the systemic administration of Tween-80, Δ(9)-THC (1 or 3 mg/kg) or WIN-2 (1 mg/kg) or HU-210 (100 μg/kg), and 1.5 mg/kg AM-281. All cannabinoids except for 1 mg/kg Δ(9) -THC reliably reduced average firing rates and altered "burst" characteristics, which were reversible with AM-281 for Δ(9)-THC and WIN-2 but not for HU-210. In addition, all cannabinoids disrupted intrasubfield and intersubfield ensemble synchrony of pyramidal cells, which is an effect insensitive to AM-281 and thus unlikely to be CB1 mediated. We consider these cannabinoid effects on spike timing and firing/bursting of principal hippocampal neurons carried by CB1 and non-CB1 receptors to be physiological underpinnings of the cognitive impairments inherent to cannabinoid exposure.
Experimental study of the microtextural and structural transformations of carbonaceous materials under pressure and temperature (2004)

A coal and two reference synthetic-cokes, a lamellar graphitizing anthracene-based coke (AC) and a microporous non- graphitizing saccharose-based coke (SC), were held at pressures up to 8 GPa and temperatures up to 1473 K under dry and hydrous conditions. Their subsequent structural and microtextural modifications were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Raman spectroscopy (microspectroscopy and area-mode spectroscopy). No significant transformation was observed in products held up to 95 hours at temperatures below 1273 K. At 1273 K and above, for constant run duration, the higher the pressure, the better is the carbonaceous material organization. The effect of pressure on the graphitization mechanisms is most obvious in the case of the non-graphitizing SC for which the main role of pressure is to transform the microporous microtexture towards a lamellar one. Graphitization is initiated in pore walls as a result of pore growth and thus appears as a local phenomenon. Triperiodic graphite was detected by HRTEM in all SC samples synthesized at 2 GPa and above (1273 K, 95 hours). In the case of the AC material, microtexture remains lamellar and the graphitization results in the reorientation and the in-plane growth of the aromatic layers and rather appears as a bulk phenomenon. The evolution of the coal is intermediate between the two synthetic cokes, as this precursor was microtexturally heterogeneous, composed of an intermediate microtexture between lamellar and microporous ones. Graphitization under pressure appears to be a progressive and continuous process that proceeds heterogeneously through the carbonaceous matrix. The products recovered from high-pressure experiments are structurally and microtexturally heterogeneous, and this heterogeneity raises important problems with respect to the characterization scale and transformation rate in the experimental products. Indeed, in comparison to graphitization temperature in natural samples, it is expected that longer run duration would have led to triperiodic graphite under most experimental conditions achieved here. However, our experimental results show that pressure mainly speeds up the graphitization process, or even makes it possible in the case of the SC, by inducing microtextural and subsequent structural transformations. In all cases, whatever the pressure, temperature defines the highest structural state.
Fast-reacting Thiols in Rat Hemoglobins Can Intercept Damaging Species in Erythrocytes More Efficiently Than Glutathione (1998)

The S-conjugation rates of the free-reacting thiols present on each component of rat hemoglobin with 5,5-dithio-bis(2,2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) have been studied under a variety of conditions. On the basis of their reactivity with DTNB (0.5 mM), three classes of thiols have been defined as follows: fast reacting (fHbSH), with t1/2 <100 ms; slow reacting (sHbSH), with t1/2 30-50 s; and very slow reacting (vsHbSH), with t1/2 180-270 s. Under paraphysiological conditions, fHbSH (identified with Cys-125beta(H3)) conjugates with DTNB 100 times faster than glutathione and approximately 4000 times more rapidly than (v)sHbSH (Cys-13alpha(A11) and Cys-93beta(F9)). Such characteristics of fHbSH reactivity that are independent of the quaternary state of hemoglobin are mainly due to the following: (i) its low pK (approximately 6.9, the cysteinyl anion being stabilized by a hydrogen bond with Ser-123beta(H1)) and (ii) the large exposure to the solvent (as measured by analysis of a model of the molecular surface) and make these thiols the kinetically preferred groups in rat erythrocytes for S-conjugation. In addition, because of the high cellular concentration (8 mM, i.e. four times that of glutathione), fHbSHs are expected to intercept damaging species in erythrocytes more efficiently than glutathione, thus adding a new physiopathological role (direct involvement in cellular strategies of antioxidant defense) to cysteinyl residues in proteins.
Detection of Wilm's Tumor one gene mutation in Sudanese patient with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2014)

Introduction: The diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have been transformed to be based on genetic, genomic, and molecular characteristics of the disease. Wilms' tumour (WT1) is an important regulatory molecule involved in cell growth and development. WT1 is highly expressed in the bone marrow or peripheral blood of a variety of leukemia. Materials & Methods: This was a cross sectional – hospital based study, conducted in Khartoum centre for Radiology & Isotopes (RICK), Fifty one Sudanese patients with AML were enrolled in this study, for all candidates DNA extraction was done , followed by PCR amplification of exon 7 for WT1gene , then RFLP was done for mutation analysis. Results: The study revealed that 43.14% of cases (22/51 patients) were heterozygous A/G and only 3.92% (2/51) were homozygous G/G for the mutant allele. Conclusion: We can detect the known WT1 gene mutation with a technique that requires only small sample of DNA extracted from the blood. RFLP analysis enables both homozygotes and heterozygotes for WT1 alleles to be unambiguously identified in blood samples. The technique may be useful for screening patients at high risk for AML.
Impact of Nasal Condition on Self-assessed Disease Control and Treatment Satisfaction in Patients with Asthma Complicated by Allergic Rhinitis (2007)

Nasal condition is closely associated with self-assessed asthma condition and asthma treatment satisfaction. Controlling allergic rhinitis is critical to attain optimal management of asthma in patients complicated by allergic rhinitis.
Effects of gas mixing on COIL performance (1998)

In the supersonic COIL the power output and the laser performance strongly depend on mixing conditions of the gas flows. For the 10 kW COIL of DLR, the effects of the gas mixing on the laser power have been experimentally investigated to work out the relations between maximum laser power and the corresponding optimum mixing conditions. For this purpose, optimally diluted iodine jets have been matched to different molar flow rates of singlet delta oxygen. These energetic considerations have been complemented by the investigation of the power dependence on fluid mechanic aspects.
82 GHz dynamic frequency divider in 5.5 ps ECL SiGe HBTs (2002)

A dynamic frequency divider with 82.4 GHz maximum operating frequency, the fastest reported in any semiconductor technology, and a static frequency divider with 60 GHz maximum operating frequency, the fastest reported in Si, are intended for future millimeter-wave systems. These frequency dividers are fabricated in self-aligned selective-epitaxial-growth (SEG) SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs). These SiGe HBTs provide a 122 GHz cutoff frequency, a 163 GHz maximum oscillation frequency, and 5.5 ps ECL gate delay, the fastest reported in Si.
Behavior of polymers at surfaces and interfaces as observed in simulated systems (1999)

Abstract Cooperative motion algorithm (CMA) is used to simulate polymer chains in three types of dense systems reflecting special cases of polymer behavior at surfaces and interfaces: polymer brushes with variable grafting density in the range 0–1, both in a neutral solvent and in a polymer melt, layers of end‐functionalized polymers between parallel end‐adsorbing walls, and copolymers of various distributions of comonomer units (random, block and gradient copolymers) at interfaces with noncompatible polymers.
A Transcriptomic Method to Determine Airway Immune Dysfunction in T2-High and T2-Low Asthma (2018)

Persistent airway T2 inflammation is a complex construct of innate and adaptive immunity gene expression networks that are variable across individuals with asthma and persist despite steroid treatment. Individuals with T2-low asthma exhibit an airway deficiency in cytotoxic T cells associated with obesity-driven inflammation.
Improved Rolled Homogeneous Armor (IRHA) Steel Through Higher Hardness. (1997)

Abstract : An improved rolled homogeneous armor (IRHA) steel with enhanced ballistic performance has been developed. Increases in ballistic performance are attributed to higher hardness levels achieved by IRHA, which maintain adequate toughness and ductility. Through augmentation of a generic chemical composition for standard rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) material, and optimization of heat treatment, greater hardenability, and higher hardness levels were attained. The higher hardenability ensures that through-thickness hardness, with the desired martensite microstructure, is obtained for armor plates up to 3 in thick, using current steel mill facilities and practice. The optimal, relatively low-carbon, nickel-chromium-molybdenum (Ni-Cr-Mo) IRHA alloy was developed in-house, employing U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL), Materials Directorate (MD) laboratory facilities, followed by steel mill production heats demonstrating scale-up and producibility. Ballistic testing vs. projectiles, ranging from medium caliber to tank rounds, established that the IRHA material at the HRc 40 hardness level is best suited for vehicle hull applications, while material at HRc 48 provides better protection as applique armor. The armor plate at both hardness levels (HRc 40 and 48) demonstrated structural integrity upon high kinetic energy (KE) ballistic loading, through passing the required full-scale 105-mm armor piercing (AP) T182 projectile impact tests. At the HRc 40 level, the IRHA weldability and fabricability were shown to be comparable to standard RHA for tank construction.
Enhancing Distribution System Resiliency through a Novel Transactive Energy Systems Framework (2019)

Restoration of end-use loads during bulk transmission system outages is a key challenge for electric utilities. During those outages, utilities often do not have enough resources to fully restore the end-use loads. System reconfiguration can provide access to non-utility assets that can enable restoration; however, not all available switching options are feasible due to voltage and load limits. Engaging non-utility assets for system restoration during system events requires commensurate compensation and incentive calculation. This paper presents a new transactive energy system framework (TESF) to incentivize distributed energy resources (DERs) to provide reactive power for supporting the self-healing functions of distribution management system (DMS). TESF engages non-utility DERs during resiliency events by incentivizing them through transactive signals computed using marginal cost of producing reactive power and marginal benefit of additional switching operations. TESF calculates additional switching options, which DMS then leverages to identify new optimal switching plans to restore additional loads. A test system consisting of multiple IEEE-13 node distribution feeders is used to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method. For the given system configuration and use-case, TESF results in 24.82% additional load restoration and one additional switching operation.