gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid detection of exon 1 NRAS gene mutations using universal heteroduplex generator technology (2003)

Specific NRAS oncogene missense mutations have been frequently found in some tumors and several hematological diseases, especially in those of myeloid origin. There is a wide range of PCR-based methods for screening and detection of NRAS exon 1 single-base substitutions. However, there are disadvantages and ambiguities associated with these techniques because all of them require either separate probes, separate PCR amplifications, or complicated post-PCR manipulations. This report describes a new approach for detection of NRAS gene mutations at codon 12 and 13 based on the DNA heteroduplex analysis method. The strategy relies upon differential electrophoretic behavior of induced heteroduplex molecules formed by cross-hybridization of two PCR-amplified species, the sample under analysis and the synthetic universal heteroduplex generator (UHG). The screening of a panel of all codon 12 and 13 NRAS mutant DNA variants indicated that this approach discriminates all 12 relevant mutations. The sensitivity of the method was estimated by a competitive assay where mutant alleles could be detected at a dilution level of 1 to 16 wild-type alleles. This UHG technology was tested on some clinical samples previously studied by PCR-ASO. This methodology is highly specific, sensitive, and achieves an appreciable reduction in workload and time because it requires one PCR amplification followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in standard conditions. We propose that this new approach may be applied as an alternative strategy for codon 12-13 NRAS mutations and it could be easily incorporated into the range of routine assays performed in oncology laboratories.
The Consequences of Astroturf Lobbying for Trust and Authenticity. Findings and Implications from an Experiment (2017)

In contrast to authentic grassroots activism, in astroturfing, lobbyists sponsor an interest group that pretends to be a grassroots movement. In a vignette-based experiment, we investigate for the first time how astroturfing, compared to grassroots lobbying, reflects on stakeholders' perceptions of organizational trust and authenticity, how perceived frequency of the practices relates to them, and the associations they trigger. Our results indicate that stakeholders perceive an astroturfing organization as barely trustful and authentic, even less so if the practice is perceived as occurring more frequently. Astroturfing triggered negative associations of manipulation. Such perceptions damage organizations' trustful relationships with their publics.
Peptidyl Epoxides:  Novel Selective Inactivators of Cysteine Proteases<sup>1</sup> (1996)

Peptidyl epoxides were designed as selective pseudo-mechanism-based inactivators of cysteine proteases. Both threo- and erythro-peptidyl epoxides were synthesized and tested as potential inactivators of serine proteases (chymotrypsin, subtilisin, and elastase) and of cysteine proteases (papain, cathepsin B, and clostripain). Four tripeptidyl epoxides (Cbz-Gly-Leu-Phe-epoxide, Cbz-Ala-Ala-Phe-epoxide, Cbz-Gly-Leu-Ala-epoxide, and Cbz-Ala-Ala-Ala-epoxide), bearing amino acid sequences similar to those of good substrates or known inhibitors of the serine proteases, were tested in this study. Neither the threo- nor the erythro-peptidyl epoxides exhibited any inhibitory activity toward the serine proteases, even at high concentration and long incubation time. Nor did the threo-peptidyl epoxides inhibit the cysteine proteases. On the other hand, the erythro-peptidyl epoxides were time- and concentration-dependent inactivators of the cysteine proteases. Furthermore, stereoselectivity toward the natural l-amino acid at the P1 position was also exhibited upon inhibition of papain. In order to demonstrate selectivity within the cysteine protease family, two other erythro-peptidyl epoxides (Cbz-Phe-Ala-epoxide and Cbz-Phe-O-Bn-Thr-epoxide) were synthesized and tested as inhibitors of the three cysteine proteases. These new peptidyl epoxides exhibited selective inactivation of cysteine proteases, with second-order rate constants (ki/Ki) ranging over 4 orders of magnitude (0.04−330 M-1 s-1). Thus, this new family of highly selective cysteine protease inhibitors offers mechanistic implications and may have useful applications.
3,5-T<sub>2</sub>Stimulates Oxygen Consumption, But Not Glucose Uptake in Human Mononuclear Blood Cells (1992)

L-thyroxine (T4), L-triiodothyronine (T3) and 3,5-di-iodothyronine (T2) rapidly (within 30 min) stimulated oxygen consumption in human mononuclear blood cells, whereas the D isomers of T4 and T3 and Triac had no stimulatory effect. Oxygen consumption was stimulated by the same magnitude by equimolar concentrations (5-500 nmol/l) of L-T4, L-T3 and 3,5-T2 reaching a plateau at 100 nmol/l of 0.025 umol/mg DNA x h. The stimulatory effects of T4 and T3, but not of T2 were inhibited by PTU. Glucose uptake was stimulated only by L-T4 and L-T3, whereas 3,5-T2, Triac and the D-isomers of T4 and T3 had no effect. The dose response curve reached an apparent maximum at 100 nmol/l of 0.30 mmol/l x mg DNA x h and PTU had no effect on iodothyronine stimulated glucose uptake. We conclude that 3,5-T2 is a significant intracellular stimulator of oxygen consumption, whereas T3 and T4 stimulate glucose uptake.
What's gender "got to do with it"? (1999)

Disaster researchers are accumulating clear evidence that, as a group, women are likely to respond, experience, and be affected by disasters in ways which are qualitatively different. At the same time, it is important to recognize and document women's diversity. Clearly, not all women experience disasters uniformly. For example, a White, middle-class professional woman in an American town will be affected differently by disaster than will a sub-Saharan women in seclusion or a disabled Brazilian elder. Privilege is relative to one's location in a given set of social, economic, political, and religious circumstances, of which gender is only 1 major factor. However, understanding how gender relates to the complex interplay of power, resources, privilege, and stratification will increase the effectiveness of emergency and disaster management efforts.
Beam-scanning antennas based on metamaterial planar lens antennas (2011)

The beam-scanning antenna is an essential part for the in-vehicle information system used in the intelligent transportation system. The millimeter-wave beam-scanning antenna has the unique advantage in such an application due to the high gain and high resolution. In this paper, we propose and design the millimeter-wave beam-scanning antenna based on the metamaterial planar lens. It has been shown that a planar lens which possesses gradient index of refraction can transform the cylindrical waves (or spherical waves) emitted from a line source (or a point source) into plane waves, or can focus the incoming plane waves to a point, and hence the planar lens can be designed as a high-gain antenna. When the line source (or point source) moves along the focal plane, the radiation beam of the antenna will scan within a designed angle, generating the beam-scanning lens antenna. Full-wave simulation results have verified the high performance of the millimeter-wave beam-scanning antenna made of gradient-index metamaterials.
Inhibition of contact sensitivity in the mouse by topical application of corticosteroids (1971)

Summary Topical application of oxazolone to the ears of mice previously sensitized to this hapten resulted in a marked increase in ear weight 24 h later. Topical application of hydrocortisone, betamethasone 17‐valerate, fluocinolone acetonide or triamcinolone acetonide inhibited this response in a dose dependent manner. The free alcohols of the three fluorinated compounds were only weakly active. Activity in this model was truly local. Oral administration of hydrocortisone or fluocinolone acetonide at doses comparable to those used topically failed to inhibit the ear swelling. Some steroids with poor anti‐inflammatory properties had no significant effect.
BEST: Bayesian estimation of species trees under the coalescent model (2008)

http://www.stat.osu.edu/~dkp/BEST.
Electrical Activity of the Nervous System (1968)

The subject of this article was suggested by work done recently in Cambridge on what may be called the driving mechanism of the nervous system. But my associates and I have been led to it by way of the peripheral nerves, and this account must follow the same path, starting, as anatomists would say, at the outside and working inward and upward. Such a course has much to commend it. There are many nervous reactions which can be studied most readily in the peripheral nerve fiber, although present in other parts of the neuron. One of them is the reaction with which I am concerned today, the sudden outburst of activity which is associated with a change of electrical potential. In the nerve fiber this reaction is familiar as the nerve impulse, the brief flash of activity which spreads rapidly and is the basis of all nervous signaling. The messages
Feature analysis for service-oriented reengineering (2005)

Web services together with service-oriented architectures (SOA) are playing an important role in the future of distributed computing, significantly impacting software development and evolution. With the adoption to Web services technology, more and more existing non-service-oriented software systems turn to be legacy systems. They require a service-oriented reengineering process in order to survive in service-oriented computing environment. If the reengineering goal is to expose the services of a single object or any underlying function-oriented middleware, many problems will arise including semantic mismatches, service granularity issues and state management. Attempting to masquerade software assets from a lower level of abstraction can often cause significant mismatch and exposure problems. In this paper, by using feature analysis, an approach to supporting service-oriented reengineering is presented. Service identification and packaging process are performed and resulted into a service delegation.
Adaptive Frame Structure Design and Adaptation Control Mechanism in MIMO-OFDM Systems (2007)

With growing demand for large data rate and high reliability wireless communication services, such as multimedia services, link adaptation techniques have emerged as powerful tools for their significant transmission data rate increase, reliability enhancement and spectrum efficiency improvement. In this paper, firstly the redundancy of a unified frame structure has been analyzed and an adaptive frame structure is proposed in pilot aided spatial multiplexing MIMO systems, which provides three different pilot densities for high, middle and low vehicle speed scenarios respectively. Based on the proposed frame structure, a closed-looped control mechanism for frame structure adaptation is developed to adjust pilot density to track the time varying wireless channel characteristics. Finally, its effectiveness has been validated by Monte Carlo simulations.
Fetal sex determination: the predictive value of 3 common myths. (1999)

Obstetrics is both exciting and rewarding for many family physicians. The rewards lie in the varied challenges it brings - some of the more interesting challenges involve the deceivingly simple. For example, the often asked question, Can you tell if it's a boy or a girl? seems quite simple.
Comparative study on the proarrhythmic effects of some antiarrhythmic agents. (1993)

From the results of our study, we propose the following rank order of the arrhythmogenic risk: flecainide > propafenone > quinidine > ajmaline > disopyramide > procainamide > mexiletine, lidocaine > sotalol. Moreover, we conclude that propranolol given additionally may be helpful in reducing the proarrhythmic risk of flecainide.
Portable Track Loading Fixture Improvement (2012)

The portable track loading fixture (PTLF) has been used in the field as a nondestructive means of testing track strength, as per the Federal Railroad Administration’s (FRA) Track Safety Standards (TSS) 49 CFR §213.110 (m). The PTLF operates by placing a 4,000-pound-force (lbf) lateral load as close to the shear center of the rails as possible, while the deflection at the gage point is measured. Gage is measured as the lateral distance between the 5/8” points on the two rails below a plane formed by the top of the rails. If measurement is conducted at the web of the rails, it is known as web gage. Although it is widely accepted that rail deflection caused by the PTLF loading has a strong correlation with track strength, repeatability of measurements has been a concern. It has been observed that some locations, which exceed the displacement criteria on initial loadings, are within the limits on subsequent loadings. As a result of these variations, the reliability of the PTLF test has been questioned in the past. Through repeated testing, it has been determined that variability in rail deflection is largely because of “set of the rail” or the difference between the initial unloaded gage and the unloaded gage following a load application and release. Upon unloading, as a result of friction in the ties and tie plates, the rail does not return to its initial position. During testing, the rail set was observed to lead to significant cycle-to-cycle variability in head gage deflection. It has been found that recent track excitation can have a significant impact on the rail set during a PTLF test. These excitations can be caused by external loadings such as trains or hi-rail vehicles passing the location or internal forces caused by factors such as temperature. It is believed that continued vibrations after a train passes a given location, allow the rails to overcome the friction, leaving them in a position of optimal set, whereas other forms of excitation result in more set. This means that recent excitation of the track can change the initial conditions for the PTLF test. With the exact initial conditions for the PTLF test unknown, variability is introduced into the measurements.
Spatial Fusion GAN for Image Synthesis (2019)

Recent advances in generative adversarial networks (GANs) have shown great potentials in realistic image synthesis whereas most existing works address synthesis realism in either appearance space or geometry space but few in both. This paper presents an innovative Spatial Fusion GAN (SF-GAN) that combines a geometry synthesizer and an appearance synthesizer to achieve synthesis realism in both geometry and appearance spaces. The geometry synthesizer learns contextual geometries of background images and transforms and places foreground objects into the background images unanimously. The appearance synthesizer adjust the color, brightness and styles of the foreground objects and embeds them into background images harmoniously, where a guided filter is incorporated for detail preserving. The two synthesizers are inter-connected as mutual references which can be trained end-to-end with little supervision. The SF-GAN has been evaluated in two tasks: (1) realistic scene text image synthesis for training better recognition models; (2) glass and hat wearing for realistic matching glasses and hats with real portraits. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons with the state-of-the-art demonstrate the superiority of the proposed SF-GAN.
Major decrease in the volume of the entorhinal cortex in patients with Alzheimer's disease carrying the apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele (1998)

Volumetric MRI measurements disclose that ApoE epsilon4 is associated with the degree of atrophy in the entorhinal cortex in early Alzheimer's disease, this effect being especially prominent in female patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Pharmacological Effects of Methanolic Extract from the Root of<i>Scutellaria baicalensis</i>and its Flavonoids on Human Gingival Fibroblast (1995)

The methanolic extract from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and its flavonoids, wogonin, baicalein, and baicalin were evaluated for anti-inflammatory action and the activatory effect on gingival fibroblasts. In LPS-induced production of IL-1 beta, three flavonoids at 1 microgram/ml expressed a significant (> 50%) inhibitory effect, similar to that of prednisolone. Moreover, the flavonoids inhibited IL-1 beta-induced synthesis of PGE2 and LTB4 considerably, although the effect of wogonin on LTB4 synthesis was marginal. In addition, three flavonoids exerted a moderate inhibition (33-36%) of collagenolytic activity, comparable to 40% inhibition by tetracycline. Meanwhile, the cellular activity of fibroblasts was augmented remarkably (40%) by baicalein (2) and slightly by baicalin (3) or wogonin (1). Consistent with the cellular activation, flavonoids enhanced the synthesis of both collagen and total protein in fibroblasts, in contrast to growth factors which increased only the synthesis of total protein. Although the effects of the methanolic extract resembled those of the flavonoids, the extract expressed a preferential effect on the synthesis of collagen and total protein.
Prolonged exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: a review of evidence and dissemination (2011)

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a highly prevalent, often chronic and disabling psychiatric disorder that is associated with significant adverse health and life consequences. Fortunately, there is compelling evidence that cognitive-behavioral therapies, notably exposure therapies, are effective in reducing PTSD symptomology relative to waiting list and active control conditions. Prolonged exposure is a specific exposure therapy program that is considered a first-line evidence-based treatment for PTSD. Unfortunately, barriers to treatment dissemination prevent the majority of individuals with PTSD from receiving evidence-based treatment. Strategies to increase the availability of treatment and boost the efficiency of exposure therapy are now being examined.
Reactions of Vanillin and Its Derived Compounds. XXIV.<sup>1</sup> Some Ethers of Vanillin and Vanillic Acid<sup>2</sup> (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Vanillin and Its Derived Compounds. XXIV.1 Some Ethers of Vanillin and Vanillic Acid2Irwin A. PearlCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 3, 757–758Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01608a066https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01608a066research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views175Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Removal of benzene from industrial wastewater by vapor stripping (1995)

Abstract Four types of vapor stripping processes are designed in an effort to investigate methods to treat industrial wastewater in compliance with the Environmental Protection Agency's recently promulgated Benzene National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) regulations. Each vapor stripping technology involves a unit operation producing a benzene‐enriched vapor stream and a wastewater stream containing less than 10 ppmw benzene, per the applicable regulation. Steam stripping, vacuum stripping, air stripping, and natural gas stripping technologies are designed and evaluated. It is concluded that: (1) steam stripping involves high operating costs due to the need to preheat the feed; (2) vacuum stripping requires high capital investment because of the number of equipment items needed; (3) air stripping provides only a partial solution to the problem, as it converts a water pollution problem into an air pollution problem which must be addressed; and (4) natural gas stripping is the solution with fewest disadvantages of those examined, and therefore is the recommended method.
台湾—吕宋弧北部火山岩径迹年代测定：喷发年代和地壳混染证据 (1996)

响应南中国海板块俯冲于西菲律宾海板块下面形成的台湾-吕宋弧的北部现在正在与欧亚大陆板块碰撞(图1)。该弧的北部早已增生到大陆边缘,导致形成了台湾东部的海岸山脉,在那里所有火山活动已停止(Teng,1990)。在它的南端,此弧已与北巴拉望-民都洛陆区相碰,而俯冲作用和相关的岩浆作用在两碰撞带之间的区段内继续着。这种空间构造背景为研究与俯冲作用和弧-陆之间碰撞有关的岩浆活动提供了理想的地方。 本文讨论的是碰撞带北部。该区的火山岩喷发年代在过去已通过一些方法研究过。已获得了29.7～0.14Ma的K-Ar年代、9.4～0.9Ma的Rb-Sr矿物等时线年代,16.0～1.1Ma的Ar-Ar年代。在使用这些方法时有某些假设,即:残留的Ar没有问题,所研究的样品的初始同位素均匀和喷发后有封闭的系统同位素演化。然而,Lan等(1986)和Chen(1989)发
The International Grid (iGrid): Empowering Global Research Community Networking Using High Performance International Internet Services (1998)

The Electronic Visualization Laboratory (EVL) at the University of Illinois at Chicago and Indiana University collaborated on a major research demonstration at the IEEE/ACM Supercomputing '98 (SC'98) conference in Orlando, Florida, November 7-13, 1998, to showcase the evolution and importance of global research community networking. Collaborators worked together to solve complex computational problems using advanced high-speed networks to access geographically-distributed computing, storage, and display resources. It is the collection of computing and communication resources that we refer to as the International Grid (iGrid).\n\nThis paper presents an overview of the grid testbed, some of the underlying technologies used to enable distributed computing and collaborative problem solving, and descriptions of the applications. It concludes with recommendations for the future of global research community networking, based on the experiences of iGrid participants from the USA, Australia, Canada, Germany, Japan, The Netherlands, Russia, Switzerland, Singapore, and Taiwan.