gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduction and fracture analysis of a tungsten ore and its use for fundamental liberation modelling (2016)

Nowadays there are numerous tungsten applications and uses, due to this the global demand for tungsten has increased the extraction and production of this rare earth mineral. The liberation of tungsten is achieved by using comminution equipment, e.g. crushers, there is a lack of knowledge how tungsten is liberated by means of compressive breakage. Even though it is possible to use find comminution models for explaining the size reduction, there is also need to implement a mineral liberation model into theses comminution models. This paper will focus on a fundamental model that combine and integrate the size reduction with the mineral liberation in early stages of the breakage process.This work focuses on analysing the liberation characteristics that occur by means of interparticle breakage. The work includes two parts, firstly the integration of the measured data into a size reduction model, and secondly a reflexion and understanding of the liberation and fracture mechanism during the breakage.Results from the work show that in order to address multi component modelling it is necessary to focus on controlling factors such as dominating quantities of different minerals, breakage mechanism in different bounded minerals and how this is connected with the liberation of them. It also was observed that the model could be used for determining the choice of the compression ratio in crushing for optimising liberation.
Structure and cleavage activity of the tetrameric MspJI DNA modification-dependent restriction endonuclease (2012)

The MspJI modification-dependent restriction endonuclease recognizes 5-methylcytosine or 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in the context of CNN(G/A) and cleaves both strands at fixed distances (N(12)/N(16)) away from the modified cytosine at the 3'-side. We determined the crystal structure of MspJI of Mycobacterium sp. JLS at 2.05-Å resolution. Each protein monomer harbors two domains: an N-terminal DNA-binding domain and a C-terminal endonuclease. The N-terminal domain is structurally similar to that of the eukaryotic SET and RING-associated domain, which is known to bind to a hemi-methylated CpG dinucleotide. Four protein monomers are found in the crystallographic asymmetric unit. Analytical gel-filtration and ultracentrifugation measurements confirm that the protein exists as a tetramer in solution. Two monomers form a back-to-back dimer mediated by their C-terminal endonuclease domains. Two back-to-back dimers interact to generate a tetramer with two double-stranded DNA cleavage modules. Each cleavage module contains two active sites facing each other, enabling double-strand DNA cuts. Biochemical, mutagenesis and structural characterization suggest three different monomers of the tetramer may be involved respectively in binding the modified cytosine, making the first proximal N(12) cleavage in the same strand and then the second distal N(16) cleavage in the opposite strand. Both cleavage events require binding of at least a second recognition site either in cis or in trans.
Challenge Studies in Volunteers Using Escherichia coli Strains with Diffuse Adherence to HEp-2 Cells (1990)

Diffusely adherent (DA) Escherichia coli, a newly described category, has been associated with diarrhea in children in some but not all epidemiologic studies. To investigate its diarrheagenic potential, two strains of DA E. coli were fed to adult volunteers in doses of 10(5)-10(10) colony-forming units. None of 22 volunteers who received strain 57-1 or of 21 who received strain C1845 developed symptoms of diarrhea as defined for this study. All volunteers shed the challenge DA E. coli in their stools. Duodenal string cultures were positive in some volunteers only at the highest doses. Only 6 developed IgG or IgA antibodies to whole DA E. coli. Thus, the pathogenic potential of DA E. coli could not be shown in this model. Further studies are needed to characterize potential virulence factors of DA E. coli that might distinguish a pathogenic subset.
Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy in an Ionic Liquid (2006)

Molecular redox levels can be used to modulate tunneling currents through single or small numbers of molecules and induce molecular electronic device function. While most of these devices require cryogenic conditions, room temperature operation has been demonstrated by using electrochemical gating in aqueous environments. The latter have, however, serious shortcomings with a view on their relatively high volatility and narrow stability ranges in terms of potential. Here we report the first-time use of an ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumhexafluorophosphate (BMI), as an electrochemical gate in a Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) configuration. Ionic liquids are known to have a very low vapor pressure, and accessible potential ranges are in principle large, up to 6 V. In a proof-of-principle experiment, we show how a heteroleptic redox-active Os bisterpyridine complex (Ossac) can be brought to exhibit both transistor and diode function in this novel environment at room temperature. This renders ionic liquids an attractive gating medium for configurations where back-gating is difficult to implement (e.g., break-junction techniques) or experimental conditions prohibit the use of aqueous or organic electrolyte media (vacuum or high temperatures). From an applied perspective, they represent a step toward solid-state molecular electronics with electrochemical gating.
Performance Evaluation of a Dynamic Inverse Model with EnergyPlus Model Simulation for Building Cooling Loads (2008)

This paper describes the application of an inverse building model to a calibrated forward building model using EnergyPlus program. Typically, inverse models are trained using measured data. However, in this study, an inverse building model was trained using data generated by an EnergyPlus model for an actual office building. The EnergyPlus model was calibrated using field data for the building. A training data set for a month of July was generated from the EnergyPlus model to train the inverse model. Cooling load prediction of the trained inverse model was tested using another data set from the EnergyPlus model for a month of August. Predicted cooling loads showed good agreement with cooling loads from the EnergyPlus model with root-mean square errors of 4.11%. In addition, different control strategies with dynamic cooling setpoint variation were simulated using the inverse model. Peak cooling loads and daily cooling loads were compared for the dynamic simulation.
Fast Quater-Pel Motion Estimation by Adaptive Searching Point Selection (2007)

H.264 is the latest video standard recommended by the ITU-T Joint Video Coding Experts Group, in which fractional-pel motion compensation is applied in order to achieve more accurate motion description and higher compression efficiency. However, It remarkably increases the complexity in motion estimation process. In this paper, an efficient fast quarter-pel motion estimation algorithm is proposed.
Availability of inorganic and organic bound copper and zinc fed at physiological levels to fattening pigs (2007)

To evaluate the availability of organic and inorganic copper and zinc, two experiments were conducted with 24 castrated crossbred pigs in each experiment, covering a body weight range from 71 kg to 81 kg. In both experiments, the animals were randomly allocated to 4 groups with 6 animals each. 10 mg copper and 30 mg zinc were added to the diets in experiment 1. In experiment 2, 20 mg copper and 70 mg zinc were supplemented. Copper and zinc were supplemented in both experiments as inorganic sulfates or as organic copper and zinc produced by chelation of copper and zinc with partially hydrolysed soybean protein in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. As the concentration of coeruloplasmin increased in experiment 1 and the concentration of copper in plasma was higher in experiment 2 when organic copper was supplemented, it can be concluded that organic copper has a higher availability as compared to inorganic copper. The addition of organic zinc to the diets increased copper digestibility in both experiments and plasma copper and coeruloplasmin in experiment 2. At 20 mg dietary copper and 70 mg dietary zinc, a higher digestibility of organic zinc could be observed as compared to inorganic zinc. It can therefore be concluded that the depressive effect of zinc on copper availability is lower for organic zinc as compared to inorganic zinc.
Understanding and managing the interaction between sleep and pain: an update for the dentist. (2003)

Pain is a symptom well known to disrupt numerous aspects of normal physical and psychological life, including work, social activities and sleep. In daily practice, general dentists and specialists are frequently confronted with issues concerning pain, as their patients seek management that integrates oral health with overall well-being. An example of a dental condition involving pain is temporomandibular disorder, which is one of the most common sources of chronic orofacial pain and which shares similarities with back pain in terms of intensity, persistence and psychosocial impact. The objective of this paper is to inform and aid the general dentist and the specialist concerned with the sleep quality of patients with orofacial pain.
Transient phenomena of relaxation from electric-field-induced nematic phase to cholesteric phase (1978)

In certain mixtures of nematic and cholesteric liquid crystals, it is found that the metastable final state in an electric-field-induced nematic to cholesteric transition depends on the turnoff rate of the applied voltage. Experimental evidence sugests that two processes, i.e., helix winding and Freedericksz transition type molecular reorientation, may be involved. Relaxation times for both are estimated theoretically and compared with experimental results. An overall relaxation process is also proposed phenomenologically and the predictions compare favorably with the temporal data. The prerequisites on the threshold fields and relaxation times for this phenomenon are deduced. It is believed that this new observation may help explain the transient behavior in a nematic-cholesteric phase transition and may promise some practical applications.
Effect of the tactile array density on the discrimination of edge patterns: Implications for tactile systems design (2009)

Tactile arrays are devices that can provide spatially distributed cutaneous signals delivering important information during haptic exploration and manipulation procedures. One of the key specifications to design a tactile array is the density of the array elements that is believed to directly affect the effectiveness of the device. Most of the systems developed so far use the generally accepted standard that matches the array density to the spatial resolution in the human fingertip. This work investigates the effect of the array density on the human capacity to discriminate edge patterns. Psychophysical experiments were performed to quantify subjects' tactile discrimination capacity and indicate that within this perception context, tactile arrays with lower spatial resolution than the one indicated in the fingertip are able to transmit pattern information accurately. This will allow the design of array systems with lower complexity (smaller number of elements) and still effective in conveying tactile cues of certain contexts.
Interpretable Visualization and Higher-Order Dimension Reduction for\n ECoG Data (2020)

ElectroCOrticoGraphy (ECoG) technology measures electrical activity in the\nhuman brain via electrodes placed directly on the cortical surface during\nneurosurgery. Through its capability to record activity at a fast temporal\nresolution, ECoG experiments have allowed scientists to better understand how\nthe human brain processes speech. By its nature, ECoG data is difficult for\nneuroscientists to directly interpret for two major reasons. Firstly, ECoG data\ntends to be large in size, as each individual experiment yields data up to\nseveral gigabytes. Secondly, ECoG data has a complex, higher-order nature.\nAfter signal processing, this type of data may be organized as a 4-way tensor\nwith dimensions representing trials, electrodes, frequency, and time. In this\npaper, we develop an interpretable dimension reduction approach called\nRegularized Higher Order Principal Components Analysis, as well as an extension\nto Regularized Higher Order Partial Least Squares, that allows neuroscientists\nto explore and visualize ECoG data. Our approach employs a sparse and\nfunctional Candecomp-Parafac (CP) decomposition that incorporates sparsity to\nselect relevant electrodes and frequency bands, as well as smoothness over time\nand frequency, yielding directly interpretable factors. We demonstrate the\nperformance and interpretability of our method with an ECoG case study on audio\nand visual processing of human speech.\n
A model approach to vanadium involvement in crude oils and their refining. Progress report (1994)

Heavy crude oils contain a large amount of metal impurities, primarily vanadium species. These comprise both vanadyl porphyrins and vanadyl non-porphyrins. During hydrotreating of crude oils (reaction with H{sub 2} over a supported Mo/S catalyst at 350-- 450{degrees}C) for upgrading to usable products the V impurities are converted to insoluble V sulfides which help poison the fixed-bed Mo catalyst. Very little is known about the chemistry occurring at a detailed level; basically, it is known that initial impurities are vanadyl (VO){sup 2+}, i.e., V{sup IV} species, and that during the refining processes they are reduced and sulfided into polymers, i.e., the metal is reduced from V{sup IV} to {approximately} V{sup III}, the oxo is lost, the organic ligation is lost, and the metal is sulfided. In what order and in precisely what manner this overall transformation is occurring is not known. The essence of our research efforts is to develop vanadium chemistry of relevance to this area and to thereby provide fundamental information on the transformations occurring and that might prove useful in catalyst design. Our work has encompassed the study of the reactivity chemistry of [VO]{sup 2+} species and the formation and characterization of V/S aggregates under conditions designed to mimic those present under hydrotreating conditions. Thus, we are applying an Inorganic Model Approach to provide insights into the chemistry occurring during the refining process. Our emphasis has been on definitive characterization of products using a variety of physical techniques,including X-ray crystallography. Our work covers the following areas, each of which is described: studies in V/O{sup 2+} chemistry; V{sup III}/O chemistry; V/S complexes; and absorption of [VO]{sup 2+} groups on catalyst surfaces.
Dietary β‐alanine results in taurine depletion and cerebellar damage in adult cats (1996)

We have used the taurine analogue, beta-alanine, to perturb the taurine concentrations in taurine-supplemented and taurine-deprived adult cats. By using 5% beta-alanine in the drinking water for 20 weeks, both groups of cats had greatly reduced brain taurine concentrations. Taurine-supplemented cat brain accumulated relatively small amounts of beta-alanine whereas taurine-deprived cats accumulated large amounts of beta-alanine. The cerebellum of cats treated with beta-alanine had a number of pathological changes compared with similar cats drinking water alone. The changes were more severe in the taurine-deprived cats, and included reduced numbers of granule and Purkinje cells, with many of those remaining appearing pyknotic and dying. Long swollen fibers were seen in the white matter, resembling Rosenthal fibers described in some human cerebellar diseases. There was also prominent gliosis. Using antibodies to beta-alanine and taurine, beta-alanine was localized in Purkinje cell soma and dendrites, in Golgi II cells, and in some granule cells, especially in taurine-deprived cats treated with beta-alanine. Taurine appears to have been virtually eliminated from Purkinje and granule cells, and concentrated in Golgi II cells and glia. We conclude that beta-alanine is responsible for these neurotoxic pathological changes.
A Comparative Phenotypic Study of Kallmann Syndrome Patients Carrying Monoallelic and Biallelic Mutations in the Prokineticin 2 or Prokineticin Receptor 2 Genes (2009)

Male patients carrying biallelic mutations in PROK2 or PROKR2 have a less variable and on average a more severe reproductive phenotype than patients carrying monoallelic mutations in these genes. Nonreproductive, nonolfactory clinical anomalies associated with KS seem to be restricted to patients with monoallelic mutations.
Dietary supplementation with evodiamine prevents obesity and improves insulin resistance in ageing mice (2015)

Evodiamine is a major alkaloid extracted from the fruit of Evodia fructus, which reduces diet-induced obesity in young animals. We investigated the effects of long-term dietary supplementation with evodiamine on obesity, insulin resistance and longevity in normal ageing mice. Twelve-month-old C57BL/6J male mice were fed with standard chow with or without 1 or 10 mg evodiamine per kg food and maintained until death. Supplementation with low dose evodiamine prevented body weight gain and improved glucose tolerance in the mice, in which increased AMPK phosphorylation and down-regulation of mTOR signalling responsible for regulating energy metabolism were detected in white adipose tissue. However, evodiamine supplementation did not increase lifespan, and the high dose evodiamine caused excessive reduction in body weight, which could have side effects in aged animals. Thus, evodiamine at a low dose (1 mg/kg food) prevents obesity and insulin resistance even when ingestion begins in middle age.
Group 3 ITI Consensus Report: Patient‐reported outcome measures associated with implant dentistry (2018)

Patient-reported outcome measures should be gathered in every clinical study in which the outcomes of oral rehabilitation with dental implants are investigated. PROMs, such as patients' satisfaction and QHRQoL, should supplement other clinical parameters in our clinical definition of success.
Properties of PVA/HfO<sub>2</sub> Hybrid Electrospun Fibers and Calcined Inorganic HfO<sub>2</sub> Fibers (2011)

New organic−inorganic hybrid fibers (polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/HfO2) were prepared by an electrospinning method using DI water as a solvent. The HfO2−acetate nanoparticles could be loaded up to 80% by weight in PVA polymer to fabricate uniform PVA/HfO2 electrospun hybrid fibers. After annealing at 140 °C for 12 h, electrospun PVA/HfO2 fibers were stable when soaked in water. Calcination of these hybrid fibers at temperatures ranging from 450 to 700 °C resulted in the formation of pure inorganic HfO2 fibers with diameters ranging from 0.1 to 0.8 μm depending on the concentration of HfO2−acetate nanoparticles in the spinning dope. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy techniques were used to investigate the crystal structures of the HfO2 fibers, which were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) results. XRD results showed the presence of both monoclinic and tetragonal crystal structures in the HfO2 fibers. The type and size of the crystals formed depended on the concentration of HfO2−acetate nanoparticles in the initial spinning dope and on the calcination temperature. In particular, the formation of stable tetragonal crystal structures in the as-spun hybrid fibers with lower concentration of HfO2 was achieved at lower temperature than the monoclinic-to-tetragonal transition temperature.
On-wafer differential noise figure and large signal measurements of low-noise amplifier (2009)

An on-wafer measurement technique is proposed to characterize the differential noise figure (NF), 1-dB compression point (P 1dB ) and input third order intercept point (IP3) of low-noise amplifier (LNA). This work successfully extends Friis equation to the generalized two-port case by introducing true differential mode concept. The correlated differential NF is accurately obtained after de-embedding the noise contribution from the interconnections and external components. Details of equations and measurement procedure are reported in this work. A 2.6 GHz differential LNA was tested to demonstrate the feasibility of measurement and showed precise NF compared with other methods. A large signal measurement based on true differential mode stimulus with the same test bench was also performed and presented accurate results.
A comparison of maneuver optimization and input shaping filters for robotically controlled slosh-free motion of an open container of liquid (1997)

Compares the performance of two command shaping techniques for controlling the surface of a liquid in an open container as it is being carried by a robot arm. Both methods make use of the fundamental mode of oscillation and damping of the liquid in the container as predicted from a boundary element model of the fluid. The first technique plans an acceleration profile so that the liquid remains level except for a single wave at the beginning and end of the motion. The motion of the liquid is similar to that of a simple pendulum. The second technique removes the remaining two surface oscillations by tilting the container parallel to the beginning and ending wave. A double pendulum model is used to determine the trajectory for this motion. Experimental results of a FANUC S-800 robot moving a 230 mm diameter hemispherical container of water are presented.
SQUID signal strength versus frequency—some surprises (1978)

Measurements of SQUID signal strength as a function of frequency, obtained with a single probe having constant rf coupling, are reported here. Signal strength is found to be proportional to frequency from 20 MHz to 400 MHz. Between 400 MHz and 1500 MHz, signal strength remains approximately constant. This saturation coincides with an increase in the rf critical current of the SQUID, suggesting that an enhancement of the energy gap of the weak link may be associated with a degradation of the Josephson junction response.
Visualization of the Action of Ligninolytic Enzymes on High-Yield Pulp Fibers (1998)

High-yield pulps from wheat straw and from poplar wood were treated with manganese-peroxidase (MnP) or with laccase (Lac), before and after a second refining stage. The micromorphology of the degradation performed by the enzymes on the fibers was examined using electron microscopy. The preferential site of attack and the diffusability of the enzymes in the fiber walls were evaluated. It appears that MnP and Lac produce typical defibrillation patterns. In addition, Lac shows a particular ability to degrade lignin from the middle lamella. A correlation between the observed patterns, the type of enzyme and the nature of lignins present in the different parts of the fiber wall, as demonstrated with immunocytochemical probes, is discussed.
Regional Morphology and Pathology of The Prostate (1968)

Journal Article Regional Morphology and Pathology of The Prostate Get access John E. McNeal, M.D. John E. McNeal, M.D. Department of Pathology, Herrick Memorial. Hospital, Berkeley, California 94704 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 49, Issue 3, 1 March 1968, Pages 347–357, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/49.3.347 Published: 01 March 1968 Article history Received: 14 March 1967 Published: 01 March 1968