gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydroxyapatite-based sorbents: elaboration, characterization and application for the removal of catechol from the aqueous phase (2016)

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is highly considered as good sorbent for the removal of metals from the aqueous phase. However, soluble metals co-exist with organic pollutants in wastewaters. But little work has been devoted to investigate the reactivity of HAP for the removal of organic compounds. The main objective of this work is to study the reactivity of HAP-based sorbents for the removal of catechol as a model organic pollutant from an aqueous solution. Thus, HAP sorbents were firstly synthesized using calcium carbonate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate under moderate conditions (25-80°C, atmospheric pressure). A zinc-doped HAP was also used as sorbent, which was obtained from the contact of HAP with an aqueous solution of zinc nitrate. All the sorbents were characterized by different standard physico-chemical techniques. The sorption of catechol was carried out in a batch reactor under stirring at room temperature and pressure. Zinc-doped HAP sorbent was found to be more reactive than non-doped HAP sorbents for the fixation of catechol. The highest sorption capacity was of 15 mg of C per gram of zinc-doped HAP sorbent. The results obtained suggest the reaction scheme of HAP sorbents with metals and organic pollutants when HAP sorbents were used for the treatment of complex wastewaters.
An efficient two-dimensional inverse discrete cosine transform algorithm for HDTV receivers (1995)

In this paper, we propose an efficient two-dimensional inverse discrete cosine transform (2-D IDCT) algorithm based upon coefficient-by-coefficient implementations. The algorithm, which is developed in the use of the symmetrical properties of computational kernel matrices, can effectively combine with the run length code (RLC) decoder in progressive manners. The proposed method requires only N/2 multipliers in an 'N/spl times/N' 2-D IDCT processor. By evaluating the efficiency performance, the processor can complete 2N/M pixels per multiplier per system cycle where M is the number of non-zero quantized DCT coefficients. Due to its inherent parallel and coefficient-by-coefficient characteristics, the proposed efficient 2-D IDCT algorithm is suitable for the future digital HDTV receivers and recording systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structural Effects in the TiO2-Photocatalyzed Oxidation of Alkylaromatic Compounds in Acetonitrile in the Presence of Ag2SO4 (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructural Effects in the TiO2-Photocatalyzed Oxidation of Alkylaromatic Compounds in Acetonitrile in the Presence of Ag2SO4Enrico Baciocchi, Cesare Rol, Giovanni V. Sebastiani, and Luca TaglieriCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 18, 5272–5276Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00097a031https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00097a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views137Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A numerical analysis of passive scalar transport in turbulent shear flows (1993)

Abstract The development of the formation and vortex pairing process in a two‐dimensional shear flow and the associated passive scalar (mass concentration or energy) transport process was numerically simulated by using the Vortex‐in‐Cell (VIC) Method combined with the Upwind Finite Difference Method. The visualized temporal distributions of passive scalars resemble the vortex structures and the turbulent passive scalar fluxes showed a definite connection with the occurrence of entrainment during the formation and pairing interaction of large‐scale vortex structures. The profiles of spatial‐averaged passive scalar ø, turbulent passive scalar fluxes, u'ø’ and v'ø’, turbulent diffusivity of mean‐squared scalar fluctuation, v'ø‘ 2, mean‐squared turbulent passive scalar fluctuation, √ø‘ 2, skewness, and flatness factor of the probability density function of scalar fluctuation ø’ at three different times are calculated. With the lateral dimension scaled by the momentum thickness and the velocity scaled by the velocity difference across the shear layer, these profiles were shown to be self‐preserved. The probability density function of turbulent scalar fluctuation was found to be asymmetric and double‐peaked.
Reactions of Butylbenzene Isomers on Zeolite HBeta:  Methanol-to-Olefins Hydrocarbon Pool Chemistry and Secondary Reactions of Olefins (2002)

The reactions of n-butylbenzene, isobutylbenzene, sec-butylbenzene, and tert-butylbenzene on zeolite HBeta (SiO2/Al2O3 = 150) were studied at 350 °C using a pulse reactor with GC-MS analysis of product gases. Similar experiments also probed the reactions of butylbenzene isomers with excesses of methanol-13C. The reactions of tert-butylbenzene were also explored as a function of zeolite acid site density and reactant loading. In the absence of secondary reactions such as oligomerization and cracking, olefin product selectivity is governed by the detailed structure of alkyl side chains; for example, tert- and isobutylbenzene each yielded isobutene, but sec- and n-butylbenzene each gave equilibrium mixtures of 1-butene and cis- and trans-2-butene. The rate of butene elimination from the benzene rings increased with the degree of branching on the carbon α to the aromatic ring as well as the extent of in situ ring methylation by co-fed methanol. In the presence of methanol-13C, isomerization between 2-butene and isobutene did not occur through a direct pathway; rather skeletal isomerization was observed after chain growth to C7 or higher olefins followed by cracking. Coking reactions formed volatile alkanes through a mechanism that conserved the carbon skeleton of the precursor olefin. These studies relate to the hydrocarbon pool mechanism of methanol−olefin catalysis (MTO), as well as secondary reactions in MTO chemistry.
Angiogenesis in acute and chronic leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes (2000)

Angiogenesis has been associated with the growth, dissemination, and metastasis of solid tumors. The aims of this study were to evaluate the vascularity and the levels of angiogenic factors in patients with acute and chronic leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The numbers of blood vessels were measured in 145 bone marrow biopsies and the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), tumor necrosis growth factor-α (TNF-α), tumor growth factor-α (TGF-α), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) were determined in 417 plasma samples. Except for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), vascularity was significantly higher in all leukemias and MDS compared with control bone marrows. The highest number of blood vessels and largest vascular area were found in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). VEGF, bFGF, and HGF plasma levels were significantly increased in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), CML, CLL, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), and MDS. HGF, TNF-α, and bFGF but not VEGF were significantly increased in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). TNF-α levels were significantly increased in all diseases except for AML and MDS. No significant increase was found in TGF-α in any leukemia or MDS. The highest plasma levels of VEGF were in CML, and the highest plasma levels of bFGF were in CLL. The levels of HGF were highest in CMML. These data suggest that vascularity and angiogenic factors are increased in leukemias and MDS and may play a role in the leukemogenic process.
An Optimum Lifecycle Design Method for Long Term Usage Machine Products (2008)

This paper proposes an optimum system design method that especially considers product lifecycles, and aims to help designers make effective decisions during the product design phase. By considering and estimating all lifecycle factors of cost and environmental impact in addition to the performance of the product, this method facilitates development of optimum design solutions that incorporate requirements pertaining to the product's entire lifecycle. Furthermore, quantitative estimation of lifecycle factors enables the numerical expression of optimum solutions, rather than depending primarily on experiment and designer intuition. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, this paper develops an optimum system design method considering product lifecycles for a milling machine as an example of a machine product designed for long term use. The lifecycle cost and the lifecycle environmental impact are generally expressed as the summation of each value during manufacturing phase, usage phase, disposal phase, and recycling phase. In this example model, Eco-indicator 99 is used to evaluate environmental impact. In the proposed lifecycle design optimization method, the relationships among the product performance, the lifecycle cost, which includes the manufacturing cost, and the lifecycle environmental impact are evaluated as a multiobjective optimization problem. Obtaining a Pareto optimum solution set and analyzing it help designers to get clues for breakthrough of the product design.
Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor Preferentially Causes Proliferation of Pre-Existing Monosomy 7 Cells in Aplastic Anemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome Because of Abnormal Truncated GCSF-Receptors on These Cells. (2004)

Abstract Administration of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) has been linked to development of monosomy 7 in some patients with aplastic anemia (AA) and congenital neutropenia. We assessed the effect of GCSF on monosomy 7 to determine if this chromosomal abnormality developed de novo or if GCSF simply favored expansion of a pre-existing clone. Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC) were co-cultured for 14 days with pharmacological doses of GCSF and examined by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). No karyotypically healthy control, AA, or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) bone marrow showed development of monosomy 7. In BMMNC cultures from thirteen patients with MDS and monosomy 7, all developed substantial increases in numbers of monosomy 7 cells after prolonged exposure to GCSF. Experiments on stored AA samples obtained six months prior to the development of abnormal karyotype showed monosomy 7 on FISH ,with expansion of that clone on co-culture with GCSF. GCSFR mRNA was increased in BM from monosomy 7 patients as measured by real time PCR, and monosomy 7 cells expressed more GCSFR on the cell surface than did normal cells. As a truncated GCSFR isoform is associated with a hyperproliferative response to G-CSF and prolonged activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) complexes, we sequenced the GCSFR DNA of monosomy 7 cells and measured the expression of the truncated GCSFR mRNA relative to full length GCSFR in patients with monosomy 7. While genomic GCSFR DNA showed no abnormalities, mRNA demonstrated increased proportions of the truncated isoform IV in all six patients tested. We examined GCSF-mediated GCSFR signal transduction of the Jak/Stat system in monosomy 7 CD34 cells. STAT-1 was increased and the STAT 5: STAT 3 rato was increased by ten-fold in all patients with monosomy 7 compared to normals and to MDS with normal cytogenetics. In conclusion, pharmacologic doses of GCSF appear to increase the proportion of monosomy 7 cells; this heightened sensitivity to GCSFmay be related to altered amounts of the truncated form of the receptor, with changes in GCSF signal transduction resulting in expansion of the monosomy 7 clone.
Basolateral amygdala, nicotinic cholinergic receptors, and nicotine: Pharmacological effects and addiction in animal models and humans (2018)

The amygdala is involved in processing incoming information about rewarding stimuli and emotions that denote danger such as anxiety and fear. Bi-directional neural connections between basolateral amygdala (BLA) and brain regions such as nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and hindbrain regions regulate motivation, cognition, and responses to stress. Altered local regulation of BLA excitability is pivotal to the behavioral disturbances characteristic of posttraumatic stress disorder, and relapse to drug use induced by stress. Herein, we review the physiological regulation of BLA by cholinergic inputs, emphasizing the role of BLA nicotinic receptors. We review BLA-dependent effects of nicotine on cognition, motivated behaviors, and emotional states, including memory, taking and seeking drugs, and anxiety and fear in humans and animal models. The alterations in BLA activity observed in animal studies inform human behavioral and brain imaging research by enabling a more exact understanding of altered BLA function. Converging evidence indicates that cholinergic signaling from basal forebrain projections to local nicotinic receptors is an important physiological regulator of BLA and that nicotine alters BLA function. In essence, BLA is necessary for behavioral responses to stimuli that evoke anxiety and fear; reinstatement of cue-induced drug seeking; responding to second-order cues conditioned to abused drugs; reacquisition of amplified nicotine self-administration due to chronic stress during abstinence; and to promote responding for natural reward.
AMERICAN MOTORS' FOUR-WHEEL-DRIVE "EAGLE" (1980)

The development and design of American Motors' four-wheel-drive (4WD) vehicle known as the Eagle are described. Being the first American 4WD passenger car model, the 1980 Eagle's overall package is based on the Jeep driveline which provides a direct drive to the rear axle and an offset drive on the left-hand side to the engine-mounted front axle. Vehicle development is detailed in relation to the powertrain, transfer case, front driveshafts, front axle, half shafts, front hub, yoke, brakes and wheels, front suspension and steering, rear drive and rear suspension, and body systems and structure. Vehicle testing and development are addressed.
Improvement of the seismic retrofit performance of damaged reinforcement concrete piers using a fiber steel composite plate (2013)

An experimental study was conducted to verify the application and efficiency of the jacket retrofit method to ensure seismic performance of damaged reinforcement concrete (RC) bridge piers. A total of 4 RC bridge piers were made and then 3 piers were pre-loaded under the range of service load to be damaged. These piers were retrofitted and repaired using a carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), steel plate, and fiber steel composite (FSC) plates. These retrofitted and repaired piers were subjected to repeated monotonic loading. Hysteresis and ultimate behaviours of the 3 RC piers were evaluated and compared with those of 1 non-damaged pier (standard specimen). As a test result, the retrofitted and repaired RC bridge piers applied by the jacket retrofit method were ensured under the targeted displacement ductility and ultimate load. The ultimate load and displacement ductility of the pier retrofitted and repaired by FSC plate were higher than those of other piers by CFRP and steel plates and also the pier by FSC plate showed better energy dissipation capacity than others. Generally, RC bridge pier retrofitted and repaired with the jacket retrofit method has low ductility but it was found that the pier retrofitted and repaired by FSC plate combined with CFRP and steel wire had overcome effectively this disadvantage through ductility evaluation based on the concept of energy numerically. This experiment showed that one could improve the safety margin and targeted ductility by repairing the cracks, spalls, etc. of the damaged RC www.witpress.com
Evidence for a Bifurcation of the Mitogenic Signaling Pathway Activated by Ras and Phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing Phospholipase C (1995)

NIH 3T3 cells stably transfected with the gene encoding phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase C (PC-PLC) from Bacillus cereus display a chronic elevation of intracellular diacylglycerol levels and a transformed phenotype. We have used such PC-PLC-transformed cells to evaluate the roles of the cytoplasmic serine/threonine kinases Raf-1, zeta protein kinase C (zeta PKC) and protein kinase A (PKA) in oncogenesis and mitogenic signal transduction elicited by phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis. We demonstrate here that stable expression of dominant negative mutants of both zeta PKC and Raf-1 lead to reversion of PC-PLC-transformed cells. Interestingly, expression of kinase defective zeta PKC also reverted NIH 3T3 cells transformed by the v-Ha-ras oncogene. Activation of PKA in response to elevation of cAMP levels also lead to reversion of PC-PLC-induced transformation, implicating PKA as a negative regulator acting downstream of PC-PLC. On the other hand, inhibition or depletion of phorbol ester responsive PKCs attenuated but did not block the ability of PC-PLC-transformed cells to induce DNA synthesis in the absence of growth factors. These results clearly implicate both Raf-1 and zeta PKC as necessary downstream components for transduction of the mitogenic/oncogenic signal generated by PLC-mediated hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine and suggest, together with other recent evidence, a bifurcation in the signaling pathway downstream of PC-PLC.
Binding and uptake of rabbit IgG complexes by diploid fibroblasts via plasma membrane Fc receptors (1984)

The existence of IgG receptors on the plasma membrane of diploid human fibroblasts is demonstrated. The receptors specifically bind heat-aggregated rabbit IgG as well as rabbit IgG within antigen-antibody complexes. Monomeric rabbit IgG were only poor ligands of the receptor. Competition experiments with Fab and Fc fragments of IgG revealed that the receptor specifically recognizes the Fc domain of the IgG molecule. Heat-aggregated IgG or antigen-antibody IgG complexes are specifically bound to the receptors, endocytosed and subsequently degraded. The receptors do not seem to be recycled because protein synthesis is a prerequisite for further cycles of endocytosis.
Finite Deformations Around a Hole in a Circular Sheet Containing a Polarized Dielectric Subjected to Radial Forces (1966)

Previous article Next article Finite Deformations Around a Hole in a Circular Sheet Containing a Polarized Dielectric Subjected to Radial ForcesH. R. ChaudhryH. R. Chaudhryhttps://doi.org/10.1137/0114085PDFBibTexSections ToolsAdd to favoritesExport CitationTrack CitationsEmail SectionsAbout[1] A. Cemal Eringen, On the foundations of electroelastostatics, Internat. J. Engrg. Sci., 1 (1963), 127–153 10.1016/0020-7225(63)90028-4 MR0152176 CrossrefGoogle Scholar[2] R. S. Rivlin and , A. G. Thomas, Large elastic deformations of isotropic materials. VIII. Strain distribution around a hole in a sheet, Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London. Ser. A., 243 (1951), 289–298 MR0040942 0042.42505 CrossrefISIGoogle Scholar[3] P. D. S. Verma, Symmetrical expansion of a hollow spherical dielectric, Internat. J. Engrg. Sci., 2 (1964), 21–26 10.1016/0020-7225(64)90008-4 MR0161508 0235.73055 CrossrefGoogle Scholar[4] A. Cemal Eringen, Nonlinear theory of continuous media, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1962xii+477 MR0191157 Google Scholar Previous article Next article FiguresRelatedReferencesCited byDetails A nonlinear dynamic problem for a thick-walled cylinder of electrostrictive materialInternational Journal of Engineering Science, Vol. 6, No. 1 Cross Ref Volume 14, Issue 5| 1966SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics History Submitted:21 June 1965Published online:13 July 2006 InformationCopyright © 1966 Society for Industrial and Applied MathematicsPDF Download Article & Publication DataArticle DOI:10.1137/0114085Article page range:pp. 1057-1066ISSN (print):0036-1399ISSN (online):1095-712XPublisher:Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
Abstract 3606: CH5126766 is a novel allosteric inhibitor of MEK that prevents its phosphorylation by RAF (2011)

Abstract Tumors with mutant BRAF or RAS are often dependent on the ERK signaling pathway. MEK and RAF inhibitors have significant antitumor activity in patients with BRAF mutant melanoma, but, thus far, MEK inhibitors have little activity in patients whose tumors contain mutant RAS. The effectiveness of the drugs seems to require near complete inhibition of ERK signaling. MEK inhibition has been shown to lead to relief of feedback inhibition of RAF and induction of MEK phosphorylation. It is possible that this induction attenuates inhibition of the pathway and reduces clinical activity. We have now isolated and characterized an allosteric inhibitor of MEK, CH5126766, with novel properties that prevent its induction of MEK phosphorylation. CH5126766 causes MEK to bind to RAF tightly and in a conformation in which it cannot be phosphorylated. MEK in this complex has low kinase activity and may act as a dominant negative inhibitor when bound to RAF. Compared to the MEK inhibitor PD0325901, CH5126766 inhibits ERK signaling output in cells more potently and has greater antitumor activity in the KRAS mutant colorectal cancer HCT116 grown as a murine xenograft. MEK inhibitors such as CH5126766 will inhibit feedback induction of MEK phosphorylation and this may allow more complete pathway inhibition and result in greater antitumor activity. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3606. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3606
Molecular replacement with pseudosymmetry and model dissimilarity: a case study (2006)

Crystals of human T-cell leukemia virus protease (HTLV-1 PR) have been very difficult to prepare and only native data extending to 2.6 angstroms resolution could be collected. Initial attempts to solve the structure with a variety of low-sequence-identity models utilizing proteases from other retroviruses and using a number of molecular-replacement programs were unsuccessful. The structure was finally solved using Phaser, revealing extensive pseudosymmetry and significant deviations from the starting models, features that were likely to be responsible for the initial failures. The steps taken to solve this structure and some of its intriguing crystallographic aspects are discussed.
AlGaN UV Focal Plane Arrays (2001)

This paper presents characterization data, including UV imagery, for 256 × 256 AlGaN UV Focal Plane Arrays (FPAs). The UV-FPAs have 30 × 30 μm2 unit cells, and use back-illuminated arrays of AlGaN p–i–n photodiodes operating at zero bias voltage. The photodiode arrays were fabricated from multilayer AlGaN films grown by MOCVD on sapphire substrates. Data are also presented for individual AlGaN photodiodes and variable-area diagnostic arrays.