gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potential for added value in precipitation simulated by high-resolution nested Regional Climate Models and observations (2011)

Regional Climate Models (RCMs) constitute the most often used method to perform affordable high-resolution regional climate simulations. The key issue in the evaluation of nested regional models is to determine whether RCM simulations improve the representation of climatic statistics compared to the driving data, that is, whether RCMs add value. In this study we examine a necessary condition that some climate statistics derived from the precipitation field must satisfy in order that the RCM technique can generate some added value: we focus on whether the climate statistics of interest contain some fine spatial-scale variability that would be absent on a coarser grid. The presence and magnitude of fine-scale precipitation variance required to adequately describe a given climate statistics will then be used to quantify the potential added value (PAV) of RCMs. Our results show that the PAV of RCMs is much higher for short temporal scales (e.g., 3-hourly data) than for long temporal scales (16-day average data) due to the filtering resulting from the time-averaging process. PAV is higher in warm season compared to cold season due to the higher proportion of precipitation falling from small-scale weather systems in the warm season. In regions of complex topography, the orographic forcing induces an extra component of PAV, no matter the season or the temporal scale considered. The PAV is also estimated using high-resolution datasets based on observations allowing the evaluation of the sensitivity of changing resolution in the real climate system. The results show that RCMs tend to reproduce relatively well the PAV compared to observations although showing an overestimation of the PAV in warm season and mountainous regions.
Der Einfluß von Kohlenhydraten, insbesondere von Fructose auf den Umfang und den zeitlichen Ablauf der Bildung von aktivierter Essigsäure und Brenztraubensäure in der Rattenleber. II. Mitt.: Vergleichende Untersuchungen über die Dissimilation der Fructose und der Glucose (1953)

Article Der Einfluß von Kohlenhydraten, insbesondere von Fructose auf den Umfang und den zeitlichen Ablauf der Bildung von aktivierter Essigsäure und Brenztraubensäure in der Rattenleber. II. Mitt.: Vergleichende Untersuchungen über die Dissimilation der Fructose und der Glucose was published on January 1, 1953 in the journal Biological Chemistry (volume 292, issue Jahresband).
Expression of Adipose MicroRNAs Is Sensitive to Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid Treatment in Mice (2010)

Although elucidating the functional implications of miRNAs is beyond the scope of this study, these findings provide the first evidence that miRNAs expression may be influenced by dietary manipulation, reflecting or even contributing to the new metabolic state originated by CLA treatment.
Effective medium theory of polymer dispersed liquid crystal droplet systems: II. Partially oriented bipolar droplets (1997)

We construct a theory of the dielectric properties of a polymer dispersed liquid crystal droplet film containing bipolar droplets whose principal axes respond to an electric field. The theory involves a balance of an elastic energy term favouring an initial zero-field distribution of droplet axes and a dielectric energy term favouring droplet orientation parallel to an imposed field. We discuss (i) droplets initially orientationally ordered by an in-plane strain field and (ii) an initially random distribution of droplets. In case (i) we find a weakly droplet concentration dependent sharp threshold field at which droplet reorientation occurs. In case (ii) we find more gradual droplet reorientation. In the latter case the droplet axis distribution exhibits an unexpectedly rich structure.
Approximations for Intraparticle Mass Diffusion/Convection Models: A Review (1996)

Abstract This paper presents a review of linear driving force and more complex approximations developed since 1947 to simplify the intraparticle diffusion/convection mass transfer models. The results for step and cyclic particle‐surface perturbations are shown, and the methodolagies used by various authors are illustrated. The presence of linar or non‐linear adsorption or chemical reaction is also considered. recent Approximations for cyclic perturbations of binary Langmuir systems with complex intraparticle models (e. g. dusty gas model) are also presented. Finally, future developments both in approximations and methodologies are discussed.
Variational Data Structures (2014)

Variation is everywhere, and in the construction and analysis of customizable software it is paramount. In this context, there arises a need for variational data structures for efficiently representing and computing with related variants of an underlying data type. So far, variational data structures have been explored and developed ad hoc. This paper is a first attempt and a call to action for systematic and foundational research in this area. Research on variational data structures will benefit not only customizable software, but many other application domains that must cope with variability. In this paper, we show how support for variation can be understood as a general and orthogonal property of data types, data structures, and algorithms. We begin a systematic exploration of basic variational data structures, exploring the tradeoffs among different implementations. Finally, we retrospectively analyze the design decisions in our own previous work where we have independently encountered problems requiring variational data structures.
Protective Effect of N-Acyl Amino Acids (NAAs) on Cephaloridine (CER) Nephrotoxicity in Rabbits (1993)

The protective effect of N-acyl amino acids (NAAs) against cephaloridine (CER)-induced nephrotoxicity was studied in rabbits. A large single intravenous dose of CER (more than 100 mg/kg) induced severe proximal tubular necrosis. Simultaneous treatment with several NAAs (at dosages of 100, 200 mg/kg, etc., i.v.), such as N-benzoyl-beta-alanine (NBBA), N-benzoyl-6-aminocaproic acid, and N alpha,epsilon-dibenzoyl-D,L-lysine, remarkably suppressed the histopathological damage in the kidney induced by CER. NAAs have generally low toxicity in laboratory animals (e.g., the LD50 of NBBA was more than 3,000 mg/kg, i.v. in rats), and NAAs were suggested to be good candidates for reducing the nephrotoxicity of CER and other beta-lactam antibiotics.
In vivo release and turnover of secreted platelet antiheparin proteins in rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) (1980)

Human and rhesus monkey platelets secrete at least two antiheparin proteins: platelet factor 4 (PF4) and low affinity platelet factor 4 (LA-PF4). Neither of these proteins showed species-related antigenic differences. As determined by radioimmunoassay, the levels of PF4 and LA-PF4 antigen per 10(9) monkey platelets amounted to 10.7 and 20.3 microgram, respectively. One milliliter of monkey plasma prepared from blood collected into an anticoagulant composed of EDTA, prostaglandin E1, and theophylline solution contained 22.4 ng LA-PF4 and 8.0 ng PF4. Concentrations of these two platelet-specific proteins in monkeys closely resembled levels found in human platelets and plasma. Infusion of prostacyclin (PGI2) (100 or 300 ng/kg/min) into monkeys for 15 min resulted in a significant decrease of plasma levels of LA-PF4 antigen and of PF4 by 40%--60% (p < 0.0001). This decrease was related to the inhibitory effect of PGI2 on the secretion of platelets stimulated by a catheter or by venipuncture. Longer infusion of PGI2 did not produce further significant change. The supernate obtained after aggregation of human platelets stimulated by thrombin was injected into monkeys receiving PGI2 infusion. The disappearance of LA-PF4 antigen in monkey plasma followed a biphasic exponential curve with half-lives for the fast and slow components of 8.4 and 63 min. PF4 disappeared faster but followed the same pattern (half-lives for the fast and slow component of 2.1 and 70 min). Analysis of the experimental data suggests that the low levels of secreted platelet proteins in monkey plasma are related to their minimal in vivo release and to their rapid clearance.
Mirror syndrome associated with sacrococcygeal teratoma: a case report. (2007)

Mirror syndrome has been linked with SCT and is usually associated with severe fetal hydropic changes. In our case the development of mirror syndrome preceded the manifestations of overt hydrops. Identification of early signs of fetal compromise or hydrops may help to predict patients who will develop mirror syndrome and improve outcomes with earlier intervention.
Contribution à l'étude du système quinaire Ca<sup>++</sup>NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>H<sup>+</sup>NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>PO<sub>4</sub><sup>−−−</sup>H<sub>2</sub>O. XVIII. Les solutions simultanément saturées, à 25°, de phosphate monocalcique et de phosphate bicalcique (1956)

Abstract 1. Dans le système quinaire Ca ++ NH 4 + H + NO 3 − PO 4 −−− H 2 O, nous avons étudié, pour la température de 25°, le domaine des solutions simultanément satiées de phosphate monocalcique et de phosphate bicalcique.
BEVATRON BEAM INDUCTION ELECTRODES (1957)

2Al = 2 ~ 86 x l. 63 x 10-12 x (1010)] k volts'; 60 millivolJ~ peak to peak 10 protons Page 16, Fig. 7 (about center of figure)
University participation in the ATS program (1993)

The Advanced Gas Turbine Systems Research Program was included in DOE`s Advanced Turbine Systems initiative to conduct basic research in support of the overall ATS program, and to strengthen the university gas turbine technology base in the USA. The results of the research will be transferred to the industrial members to enhance and/or facilitate their designs of advanced gas turbine powerplants. Concurrently, the involvement of many students both graduate and undergraduate, will provide a better qualified group of engineers for hire by the industry.
Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility Position Paper (2011)

This paper discusses the business, administration, reliability, and usability aspects of storage systems at the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF). The OLCF has developed key competencies in architecting and administration of large-scale Lustre deployments as well as HPSS archival systems. Additionally as these systems are architected, deployed, and expanded over time reliability and availability factors are a primary driver. This paper focuses on the implementation of the Spider parallel Lustre file system as well as the implementation of the HPSS archive at the OLCF.
Papillary Intralymphatic Angioendothelioma (PILA) (1999)

Six childhood vascular tumors were designated as "malignant endovascular papillary angioendothelioma" by Dabska in 1969. Since then, a few reports of similar cases were published, often called "Dabska tumors." Twelve similar cases were identified in review of vascular tumors from the authors' institutions. There were five men and seven women, including seven adults. Patient ages ranged from 8 to 59 years (mean, 30 years). The tumors occurred in the dermis or subcutis of the buttocks or thigh (n = 6), thumb or hand (n = 3), abdomen (n = 2), and heel (n = 1). The tumor sizes ranged from 1 to more than 40 cm (mean, 7.0 cm). The unifying feature of all cases was distinctive intravascular growth of well-differentiated endothelial cells presenting as a matchstick columnar configuration, sometimes with a large production of matrix that was positive for collagen type IV. In half the cases, these intravascular proliferations had an associated actin-positive pericytic proliferation. There was minimal cytologic atypia and rare to absent mitotic activity. Two cases had an adjacent lymphangioma, and two additional cases had clusters of lymphatic vessels adjacent to the tumor. All but two of the cases showed varying degrees of stromal or intraluminal lymphocytes. Occasional epithelioid endothelial cells were seen, but no cases had features typical of epithelioid, spindle cell, or retiform hemangioendothelioma. Tumor cells were positive for vimentin, von Willebrand factor, CD31, and focally for CD34 and were negative for keratins, epithelial membrane antigen, S-100 protein, and desmin. Vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor type 3, a recently introduced marker for lymphatic endothelia, was positive in all eight cases that were studied, supporting a lymphatic phenotype. Follow-up in 8 of the 12 cases showed no evidence of recurrences, metastases, or residual disease during follow-ups ranging from 1 to 17 years (mean, 9 years). Based on the proliferative borderline features and the lymphatic phenotype, we propose to designate these tumors as papillary intralymphatic angioendothelioma. Additional cases with extensive follow-up should be studied to rule out variants with malignant potential.
The Role of the Course Website in Improving Access to Educational Materials for Nontraditional Aviation Students (2008)

Nontraditional students have become the rule rather than the exception in many collegiate aviation programs. These students are often constrained in terms of their ability to devote the same amount of time to their classroom efforts as do their traditional peers. Such constraints may result from scheduling conflicts with work or, to a lesser extent, scheduling conflicts due to the location of classes at multiple and physically-separated campuses. Provision of classroom materials such as course syllabi and lecture notes, through the use of a course website, can help alleviate some of the scheduling concerns that affect nontraditional students. It is instructive to determine the degree to which such a website helps students feel that the convenience of their learning experience has been improved. A study of the use of a course website for this author's aviation classes over a period of two semesters in 2006 and 2007 indicates significant improvement over those courses not employing websites in perceived learning convenience as a result of easier student access to course materials.
Robust Suboptimal Output Synchronization of Nonlinear Heterogeneous Agents (2020)

In this paper, the problem of output synchronization of a set of nonlinear heterogeneous systems is investigated. The steering scenario is such that, subject to bounded uncertainties, the output of each of the agents will track the output of a generated reference command asymptotically. The structure of the controller is designed in such a way to tackle the problem in two steps. In the first step, local exosystems associated to each of the agents are designed. Consensus achievement among these exosystems is guaranteed provided that the communication graph is connected. In the second step, based on a combination of a state-dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) and integral sliding mode control (ISMC), distributed regulators are designed to track the generated reference command. The proposed controller scheme is proven to be suboptimal in the sense of asymptotically minimizing a quadratic cost functional while maintaining robustness against perturbations. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the efficacy of the proposed method.
A GaN HEMT power amplifier with variable gate bias for envelope and phase signals (2007)

This paper describes the design, simulation and measurement of a GaN power amplifier suitable for envelope and phase signal combination. The low-frequency envelope signal is used to vary the gate (bias) voltage of the device, resulting in a pulse width modulated drain voltage, while modulation of supply voltage or current is avoided. The test circuit is implemented using a discrete GaN HEMT power amplifier and discrete surface-mount passive components assembled on a PCB. Measurements showed a maximum drain efficiency of 59% at 360 MHz, at an output power of 29 dBm. The output power as a function of the gate bias voltage varied between 3 and 29 dBm, with the drain efficiency varying between 6 and 59%.
Input impedance of a chirostrip antenna (1995)

A very efficient yet rigorous method is presented for the analysis of chirostrip antennas embedded in a substrate above an infinite ground plane. The method is based on the well known spectral domain moment method and can be used for the analysis of single elements and arrays as well. The antenna is fed by a three-dimensional electric point-source. We have found a way to evaluate analytically a great part of the infinite integrals involved with the spectral domain moment method. This results in a great reduction of computer time.
Can Lumbar Spine Radiographs Accurately Determine Fusion in Postoperative Patients? (1993)

Controversy centers on the determination of surgical fusion in lumbar spinal patients. What method best determines the nature of surgical arthrodesis remains unanswered. Numerous studies have investigated the accuracy of different radiologic tests. Although the best method has not been determined, plain radiography is certainly the most widely used in many centers and reported in scientific articles. In most of the literature a poor agreement between radiographic interpretation and surgical findings was observed. The main reasons seemed to be the lack of an accurate method to assess the radiographs. The authors rely on a radiologist or spinal surgeon to estimate the success of bony fusion by reviewing a two-dimensional radiograph. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of plain radiographs to predict the presence of a surgical fusion. Forty-nine patients underwent fusion site exploration in the course of hardware removal. All patients had a one- or two-level posterolateral fusion and posterior lumbar interbody fusion with pedicle screw/link rod instrumentation. Immediate preoperative anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were taken before hardware removal that included both visual assessment and a Kocher mechanical test. Two spinal surgeons and two musculoskeletal radiologists blindly judged the preoperative radiographs as to the absolute presence or absence of successful arthrodesis. A second review was repeated at 3 months. The overall agreement between radiographic assessment and actual surgical findings was 69%. The range among observers was 57-77%. The overall false positive rate was 42% (0-75%), while the false-negative rate was 29% (20-51%). Success of observed surgical arthrodesis at the time of the second look was 90% and this number was used as the standard in the agreement process. In comparing the radiographic observations with the surgical findings it is suggested that in one of five cases the plain radiographs underestimate the degree of fusion. This finding agrees with the authors' knowledge of osteoid and mineralized bone. The premineralized osteoid may be functionally fused, but appear radiolucent on radiographic film. Once solid trabecular bony bridging occurs radiographic identification of fusion is easier to determine.
The Effects of Anxiolytics and Other Agents on Rat Grooming Behaviora (1988)

BN and other peptides increase grooming activity in rodents. This increase in grooming activity caused by BN can be reversed by numerous agents. The most direct of these are BN receptor antagonists such as spantide and [D-Phe-12]BN. These agents reverse the increase in grooming activity caused by BN and inhibit binding to central BN receptors. The increase in grooming activity caused by BN may be mediated by other neurotransmitters, such as dopamine. In this regard the increase in grooming activity caused by BN is reversed by fluphenazine and haloperidol. These agents do not affect binding to central BN receptors. Similarly, the increase in grooming caused by BN is absent if dopamine-containing neurons are lesioned with 6-OHDA. These lesions cause a significant reduction in central BN receptors, especially in the central amygdaloid nucleus. Thus some of the BN receptors may be present on dopamine-containing neurons. The increase in grooming activity caused by BN was also reversed by diazepam and chlordiazepoxide. Neither of these agents affected binding to central BN receptors, and similarly, BN did not affect binding to central benzodiazepine receptors. Thus anxiolytics may act at a site anatomically downstream from the BN receptor and reduce the apparent stress caused by central injection of BN.
On the uniqueness of optical images and solutions of inverse lithographical problems (2009)

We analyze the uniqueness of the solutions of inverse lithographical problems, stated as optimization problems, and optical images. By considering a band-limitedness argument, examples of ill-posed problems are constructed with multiple solutions in the domain of real non-negative passive masks. We conclude that the necessary condition for the solution m to be unique is to touch (or to pass infinitely close to) the boundary of the constraint 0m1. In the domain of binary masks, we propose a procedure to construct two nonunique solutions from a possibly unique one. We prove the existence of unique binary solutions in some class of optical systems and suggest a thresholding procedure to generate a unique solution from a possibly nonunique one.
An international urogynecological association (IUGA)/international continence society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for reporting outcomes of surgical procedures for pelvic organ prolapse (2012)

A consensus-based method for standardizing terminology for reporting outcome measures of POP surgery was developed to aid clinicians working in this area of research. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:415-421, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of Polypeptides Associated with an Enriched Cytoskeleton-Protein Body Fraction from Developing Rice Endosperm (1998)

Recent evidence has shown that the prolamine polysomes are attached not only to the endoplasmic reticulum membranes that bound the prolamine protein bodies (PBs) but also to cytoskeleton elements associated with this subcellular fraction. To learn more about the nature of the proteins that are associated with this supra-macromolecular complex, proteins extracted from an enriched cytoskeleton-PB fraction were resolved by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non-equilibrium conditions and analyzed for their composition by immunological and biochemical methods. Immunoblot analysis indicated the presence of the cytoskeletal proteins, actin and tubulin, and the cytoskeletal-associated protein EF1 alpha in this fraction. Microsequencing of selected polypeptides revealed a diversity of protein sequences. In addition to contaminating storage proteins which are selectively solubilized by the isolation procedure, several ribosomal proteins and histone H3 were also identified. Some of the remaining polypeptides showed partial homology to protein sequences deposited in the database, several of which are cytoskeleton-associated proteins.
On the Role of Style in Parsing Speech with Neural Models (2020)

The differences in written text and conversational speech are substantial; previous parsers trained on treebanked text have given very poor results on spontaneous speech. For spoken language, the mismatch in style also extends to prosodic cues, though it is less well understood. This paper re-examines the use of written text in parsing speech in the context of recent advances in neural language processing. We show that neural approaches facilitate using written text to improve parsing of spontaneous speech, and that prosody further improves over this state-of-the-art result. Further, we find an asymmetric degradation from read vs. spontaneous mismatch, with spontaneous speech more generally useful for training parsers.