gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supporting data for "4-Carboalkoxylated Polyvalerolactones from Malic Acid: Tough and Degradable Polyesters" (2018)

Eight 4-carboalkoxyvalerolactones (CRVLs), varying in the composition of their alkyl (R) side chains, were synthesized from malic acid and subjected to ring-opening transesterification polymerization (ROTEP) using diphenyl phosphate [DPP, (PhO)2PO2H] as a catalyst. Each CRVL produced a semicrystalline poly(4-carboalkoxyvalerolactone) (PCRVL), and the nature of the R group impacted the thermal transitions of these polyesters. Bulk polymerizations at 70 °C allowed for preparation of high molar mass samples that contained small amounts of branching, as evidenced by 1H NMR spectroscopy, MALDI spectrometry, size-exclusion chromatography, and eliminative degradation. Tensile testing of these lightly branched, high molar mass samples revealed that these polyesters are tough (tensile toughness values up to 88 ± 33 MJ•m–3) and have Young’s moduli (E) up to 186 ± 13 MPa. The acid- and base-catalyzed hydrolytic degradation of the PCRVLs was quantitatively monitored using total organic carbon analysis, and effect of the alkyl chain length on PCRVL hydrolysis rate was determined. Finally, the methyl ester variant of these malic acid-derived thermoplastics is known to be chemically recyclable.
Effect of Weight Loss on Predicted Cardiovascular Risk: Change in Cardiac Risk After Bariatric Surgery (2007)

Bariatric surgery induces an improvement in cardiovascular risk factors in patients with Class II to III obesity. Weight loss predicts a major, 10-year reduction in cardiovascular events and deaths. Bariatric surgery should be considered as an alternative approach to reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with Class II to III obesity.
Grafting of amino groups on polybutadiene by hydrosilylation (1991)

Abstract Hydrosilylation catalyzed by hexachloroplatinic acid was used to introduce tertiary amino groups in an hydroxytelechelic polybutadiene. Kinetics and mechanisms were investigated. At low silane concentration, the reaction is first‐order in Pt, second‐order in silane and zero‐order in vinylic double bonds. The apparent rate constant is inversely proportional to the concentration of amino groups (inhibitory effect). At high silane concentration, very sharp acceleration periods are observed and explained by a transformation of a weakly active Pt(II) catalyst into a more active Pt(O) compound.
Vaccination with a live-attenuated small-colony variant improves the humoral and cell-mediated responses against Staphylococcus aureus (2019)

Staphylococcus aureus is known to produce persistent and chronic infections in both humans and animals. It is recognized that small-colony variants (SCVs), which produce higher levels of biofilm and that are capable of intracellular persistence, contribute to the chronicity or recurrence of infections and that this phenotype is inherent to the pathogenesis process. Prevention of S. aureus infections through vaccination has not yet met with considerable success. Some of the current vaccine formulations for S. aureus bovine mastitis consist of inactivated S. aureus bacteria, sometimes combined to E. coli J5. As such, the stimulation of cell-mediated immunity by these vaccines might not be optimal. With this in mind, we recently engineered a genetically stable double mutant SCV (ΔvraGΔhemB), which was highly attenuated in a mastitis model of infection. The present work describes the immune responses elicited in mice by various experimental vaccine compositions including the live-attenuated SCV double mutant and its inactivated form, combined or not with inactivated E. coli J5. The live-attenuated SCV was found to provoke a strong and balanced humoral response in immunized mice, as well as strong proliferation of ex-vivo stimulated splenocytes isolated from these animals. These splenocytes were also found to release high concentration of IL-17 and IFN-γ when compared to every other vaccination formulation. Inversely, the inactivated whole-cell vaccine, alone or in combination with the E. coli J5 bacterin, elicited lower antibody titers and failed to induce Th1 or Th17 cell-mediated responses in the splenocyte proliferation assay. Our results suggest that live-attenuated SCVs can trigger host immunity differently than inactivated bacteria and could represent a suitable vector for inducing strong humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, which are crucial for protection. This could represent an important improvement over existing vaccine formulations for preventing S. aureus bovine mastitis and other infections caused by this pathogen.
Central and autonomic nervous system links to the APUD system (and their APUDomas) (1993)

The concept of the APUD system and the APUDomas associated with it has evolved significantly since Pearse's description in the 1960s. Part of this evolution has been an understanding of the relationships between the APUD system and the central and autonomic nervous systems. The APUD system now referred to as the diffuse neuroendocrine system, can be linked to the central nervous system and autonomic nervous system by genetics, embryology, cellular characteristics, anatomy, interaction of the systems, and the immune system. Awareness of these relationships may enable clinicians to better understand APUDomas and lead to better methods of detection of these tumours and their treatment.
Ultrafast optical-field controlled photoemission from plasmonic nanoparticle arrays (2014)

Exciting plasmonic nanoparticles with two-cycle optical pulses, we observe photoemission across few-micron gaps under ambient conditions. The photoemission is modulated by the carrier-envelope phase with a signal-to-noise ratio exceeding 20 dB at 1 Hz resolution-bandwidth.
Racetrack Memory: A high-performance, low-cost, non-volatile memory based on magnetic domain walls (2011)

We have demonstrated the key components of the Racetrack Memory. In particular, we have shown that a series of DWs can be moved at high speed along magnetic nanowires by using nanosecond long current pulses for both in-plane and perpendicularly magnetized racetracks. The spacing between DWs has been reduced significantly by using a perpendicularly magnetized RT. Higher storage densities can be achieved by optimizing the materials of the RT (Fig.11) and by scaling the racetrack width.
APPLICATION OF HYDROGEN ION BEAMS FOR SOI WAFER FORMATION (2004)

The SOI wafer fabrication technique has been developed by using ion-cut process, based on proton implantation and wafer bonding techniques. It has been shown by a TRIM simulation that 65 keV proton implantation is required for a standard SOI wafer (200 nm SOI, 400 nm BOX) fabrication. In order to investigate the optimum proton dose and primary annealing condition for wafer splitting, the surface morphologic change has been observed and the microstructure evolution in the damaged layer was studied by cross-sectional TEM. As a result, effective dose is found to be in the 6~9x10 16 H + /cm 2 range, and the annealing at 550°C for 30 minutes is expected to be optimum for wafer splitting. Direct wafer bonding is performed by joining two wafers together after creating hydrophilic surfaces by a modified RCA cleaning integrated with megasonic cleaning, and IR inspection is followed to ensure a void free bonding. Finally, wafer splitting is accomplished by annealing at the predetermined optimum condition.
Conjugacies provided by fractal transformations I : Conjugate measures, Hilbert spaces, orthogonal expansions, and flows, on self-referential spaces (2014)

Theorems and explicit examples are used to show how transformations between self-similar sets (general sense) may be continuous almost everywhere with respect to stationary measures on the sets and may be used to carry well known flows and spectral analysis over from familiar settings to new ones. The focus of this work is on a number of surprising applications including (i) what we call fractal Fourier analysis, in which the graphs of the basis functions are Cantor sets, being discontinuous at a countable dense set of points, yet have very good approximation properties; (ii) Lebesgue measure-preserving flows, on polygonal laminas, whose wave-fronts are fractals. The key idea is to exploit fractal transformations to provide unitary transformations between Hilbert spaces defined on attractors of iterated function systems. Some of the examples relate to work of Oxtoby and Ulam concerning ergodic flows on regions bounded by polygons.
High‐Affinity [<sup>3</sup>H]Choline Accumulation in Cultured Human Skin Fibroblasts (1981)

[3H]Choline can be transported across cell membranes by high-affinity (KT less than 5 microM) and low-affinity (KT much greater than 5 microM) systems. High-affinity choline accumulation (HACA) has been demonstrated in synaptosomes made from cholinergic brain regions such as the hippocampus and caudate-putamen. In cell culture, HACA has been demonstrated in glia and avian telencephalon, dissociated spinal cord, and muscle fibroblasts. We examined [3H]choline accumulation in a single normal human fibroblast line cultured from skin biopsy. [3H]Choline accumulation was temperature-dependent and linear with incubation time up to 6 min at 0.125 microM-choline. The apparent KT for [3H]choline was 5 microM, which is similar to that observed in avian fibroblasts. Isoosmotic replacement of Na+ with either Li+ (144 mM) or sucrose (288 mM) severely reduced [3H]choline accumulation (by 70-90%). Pre-incubation with ouabain (100 microM), sodium orthovanadate (100 microM), or 2,4-dinitrophenol (100 microM), or replacement of Ca2+ by Mg2+ had little or no effect on subsequent [3H]choline accumulation. [3H]Choline accumulation was inhibited by hemicholinium-3 (HC-3); after pre-incubation in HC-3 at 37 degrees C for 10 min, the IC50 (at 0.125 microM-choline) was 5.6 microM. The HC-3 sensitivity, Na+ dependence, and low KT suggest that human skin fibroblasts have a high-affinity transport system for choline.
Semiconductive properties of DNA-based materials (2008)

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-based biopolymers posses unique electronic and self assembly properties that render them suitable organic semiconductors for organic field effect transistors. Doping DNA molecules with conductive guests has resulted in a significant decrease of the overall resistivity of the blend with effective free charge carrier mobilities comparable to other conductive polymers such as pentacene and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). In this paper we discuss doping DNA with single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and transistor behavior.
Uranium Diffusion in H-451 Graphite (1985)

AbstractThe transport or diffusion of uranium (as a stand-in for plutonium) was investigated under conditions approximating those of the primary coolant loop in a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor. Profiles were obtained for uranium penetration in H-451 graphite at temperatures ranging from 900 to 1400°C. Profile data for given temperatures were considered in terms of the following expression:where C is the concentration of uranium at time t, for distance x, into the pellet; C0 is a constant representing the uranium concentration at x = 0 for all t, and D is the diffusion coefficient.Diffusion coefficients for uranium initially present as dicarbide at 1000 and 1400°C were found to be defined by For uranium initially present as dioxide at 900, 1000, and 1400°C, diffusion coefficients are defined by where R is the gas constant and T is the temperature in degrees Kelvin.
A monoclonal antibody reactive with a glycophosphatidylinositol‐anchored molecule on T cells defines CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell subsets (1993)

A hybridoma, 25T3 (IgM, kappa), was established from MRL/+ mice immunized with an autoreactive T cell line (l/+T1). The antigenicity of the antigen recognized by hybridoma 25T3 (25T3-Ag) expressed on thymic and splenic cells was abolished by treatment with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, showing that 25T3-Ag is a glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored Ag. 25T3-Ag was expressed on approximately 90% of thymocytes. Double-negative, double-positive and CD8 single-positive cells were highly positive for the expression of 25T3-Ag, whereas CD4 single-positive cells were weakly positive (approximately 40%) or negative (approximately 60%). In the spleen, only CD3+ cells (and not B220+ nor Mac-1+ cells) reacted with 25T3 monoclonal antibody (mAb), indicating that 25T3 mAb is specific for T cells. The majority of splenic CD8+ T cells were positive for the expression of 25T3-Ag, although the intensity was weaker than that of thymocytes. In contrast, splenic CD4+ T cells were divided into negative (60-70%) and positive (30-40%) populations. Similar staining profiles were observed in BALB/c, C57BL/6, C3H/HeN and AKR/J mice. When BALB/c CD4+ T cell subsets were sorted and cultured with irradiated (25 Gy) antigen-presenting cells, stimulation with immobilized anti-CD3 mAb for 2 days resulted in CD4+25T3+ cells secreting more interleukin-2 and less interleukin-4 than did CD4+25T3- subsets, although the proliferative responses of the cells on day 2 of culture were similar. This suggests that CD4+ T cells can be divided into two populations and relatively defined as T helper 1 and T helper 2 cells using this 25T3 mAb. Immunoprecipitation and SDS-PAGE revealed that 25T3-Ag was approximately 70 kDa. These findings are discussed in relation to CD4+ T cell subsets.
<title>Optoacoustic tomography as a diagnostic tool for transscleral laser cyclophotocoagulation</title> (2000)

In this work, the feasibility of optoacoustic tomography to act as diagnostic tool in laser cyclophotocoagulation was investigated. The experiments were performed with enucleated porcine and rabbit-eyes. The absorption of short laser pulses in the wavelength range between 750 and 1000 nm generated thermoelastic stress waves in the ciliary muscle and the underlying pigmented epithelial layers. These stress transients were detected at the surface of the sclera with piezoelectric transducers in order to analyze the structure. Depths of the ciliary body could be determined at different distances from the corneoscleral limbus. Furthermore, changes in the optoacoustic signal due to coagulation with a diode laser using typical therapeutical parameters could be observed.
GDoF of the MISO BC: Bridging the Gap between Finite Precision and\n Perfect CSIT (2016)

For the $K=2$ user MISO BC, i.e., the wireless broadcast channel where a\ntransmitter equipped with $K=2$ antennas sends independent messages to $K=2$\nreceivers each of which is equipped with a single antenna, the sum generalized\ndegrees of freedom (GDoF) are characterized for arbitrary channel strength and\nchannel uncertainty levels for each of the channel coefficients. The result is\nextended to $K>2$ users under additional restrictions which include the\nassumption of symmetry.\n
Advanced current and voltage transducers for power distibution systems: Final report, Volume 2: McGraw-Edison study (1989)

Initial efforts on the project focused on determining the state-of-the-art of advanced primary transducers for current and voltage sensing. A literature survey and patent search were completed along with an identification of noteworthy unpublished research work specific to advanced current and voltage sensing on distribution and transmission systems. A systematic study of the material was conducted and a review of the relevant content of the surveys were prepared for EPRI. The project team evaluations lead to the conclusions that optical techniques offer the most advantages, the fewest disadvantages and the greatest potential for development of a useful, lower cost current and voltage sensing system for replacement of conventional CT's and PT's. In the long run the potential application of optical techniques appeared to offer a solution, not otherwise possible by other means, to the measurement of both current and voltage on distribution equipment such as load tap changers, circuit breakers, reclosers and sectionalizers. In the shorter term, it was concluded that electro- and magneto-optical concepts could form the basis for the development of a distribution monitoring system for use in SCADA applications, particularly on aerial distribution lines. 54 refs., 6 figs.
A preliminary bioclimatic approach to predicting potential distribution of Phellinus noxious and geographical areas at risk from invasion (2016)

Phellinus noxius, the cause of brown root-rot disease, is an invasive pathogen that was first described by Corner in Singapore (Corner 1932). It has a wide host range of primarily woody plants representing over 200 species from diverse families (Ann et al. 2002). This pathogen is also widespread, and has been reported to occur in many tropical/subtropical areas of Asia, Australia, Central America, Africa, and Oceania, where it can be quite destructive. Phellinus noxius appears to attack hosts regardless of health condition, and it can survive in organic matter long after host death. Early symptoms of brown root-rot disease are similar to other root diseases, including leaf chlorosis, wilt, and branch dieback; however, mortality can occur relatively quickly after infection (Sashashi et al. 2012). A prominent sign of brown root-rot disease is a dark brown or blackish mycelial crust covering the stem base and root collar (Figure IA). The associated wood decay typically displays honeycomb-shaped zone lines of reddish-brown to black (Figure lB). The pathogen is often spread via root-to-root contact, but dispersal via basidiospores is also possible.
Removal of Radioactive Strontium from the Body with Some Chelating Agents (1967)

Effect of 10 chelating agents on the excretion of radiostrontium from the body was investigated in mice. Sodium salts and/or monocalcium-sodium salts of these chelating agents were used as test materials. Preliminery toxicity tests were carried out to estimate their approximate maximum safety doses. The sodium salts were generally more toxic and brought about some convulsion with occasional death which were attributed to the decrease of Ca2+ ion in the blood. The monocalcium-sodium salts were applicable in 10-folds as compared with their equivalent sodium salts. The chelating agents and radioactive strontium were simultaneously injected into different parts of the body. The animals were killed 24 hours after the injection, and then reduced to ashes individually in an electric furnace after removing the digestive tracts and bladders. Radioactivity of the ashes was assayed to determine the percentage retention of radioactive strontium in the carcasses. Monocalcium-disodium salt of bis(dicarboxyaminoethyl) ether was found to be one of the most effective agents, same as calcium sodium citrate which had been previously reported.
Ion-exchange property of polycondensed fused-polynuclear aromatic(COPNA) resin from the mixture of pyrene and phenanthrene as a raw aromatics. (1988)

重縮合体 (COPNA) 樹脂を濃硫酸で加熱処理することによってスルホン化し, イオン交換樹脂として利用することを計画した。使用した樹脂は, 橋かけ剤として1,4-ベンゼンジメタノール (PXG) を加えたピレンとフェナントレン混合物から調製した。そのさいのスルホン化の最適条件を決定し, その条件下で作成した樹脂の交換容量と耐熱性について調べた。200℃ で1時間の後硬化処理した樹脂を 105μm 以下に粉砕したのち, これを濃硫酸中でかきまぜなまがら, 120℃ で2時間スルホン化させたところ, 約3.5meq/g のイオン交換容量が得られた。樹脂の粒子表面や断面の観察によると, スルホン化は, 時間の経過にともなって粒子表面から内部にむかって進行し, その結果, 年輪状の亀裂が発生している。このイオン交換性樹脂は, 水に対するぬれ性に優れ, 水溶液中で膨潤しない。このためイオン交換速度が大きい。煮沸による熱安定性試験では, 1時間後においても, 10%交換容量が減少したにすぎなかった。
Propagation of laser beams in photonic crystals with cubic nonlinearity (2002)

We have investigated the influence of cubic optical non- linearity and derivative of group velocity on laser beam divergence by the propagation in 1D photonic crysatl which is layered periodic structure formed by anisotropic media. It has been established that the laser beam divergence is determined by two physical mechanisms: influence of non- linearity and scattering gon diffractional grating appearing in the crysatl because the presence of periodiciity of optical properties. It has been shown that the second mechanism may become the reason of strengthening the focus. We have analyzed the influence of low-frequency electric field on this phenomenon. It has been found the conditions of non-diffractional beam propagation in photonic nonlinear crystal.
Kinetic analysis of rubidium and thallium as deposited myocardial blood flow tracers in isolated rabbit heart (1997)

Evaluation of myocardial perfusion with tracers such as thallium and rubidium is based on the assumption that tissue tracer content is proportional to flow. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between flow and tissue tracer content of 201Tl and 83Rb in the isolated perfused rabbit heart. 83Rb (86-day half-life), an isotope that is not used clinically, was used as a subsitute for 82Rb (76-s half-life) to improve the accuracy and precision of data acquisition. The multiple indicator-dilution technique was employed with two independent computational approaches. The first approach explicitly deconvolved 201Tl and 83Rb venous concentration curves by the intravascular reference tracer curve. The second approach used a conventional analysis. Both approaches showed that there was more early washout of 83Rb than 201Tl and that the heart retained 201Tl better than 83Rb within 2 min after isotope introduction. These data indicate that 201Tl is a better perfusion tracer than 83Rb in the isolated rabbit heart.
Use of confirmatory imaging studies to illustrate adequate treatment of cerebrospinal fluid leak in spontaneous intracranial hypotension (2010)

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is a syndrome with serious neurological sequelae. As demonstrated by the following report, recurrent episodes of SIH can be difficult to diagnose when associated with other neurosurgical procedures, such as craniectomies. In this paper, the authors demonstrate SIH presenting as a subdural hematoma with recurrence of CSF leaks. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension was further complicated by paradoxical herniation following a craniectomy. Treatment of SIH necessitated multiple epidural blood patches for CSF leaks at different spinal levels and at different times. The efficacy of each epidural blood patch was confirmed with radionuclide imaging. Confirmation of effective blood patch placement may be useful for identifying patients at risk for a failed epidural blood patch or for patients whose neurological examination results have not fully improved.