gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Optical frequency shifter based on stimulated Brillouin scattering in birefringent optical fiber</title> (1991)

An optical technique to generate a heterodyne carrier frequency suitable for electronic signal processing schemes in sensing applications is described. The technique exploits stimulated Brillouin scattering generated in birefringent optical fiber. Systems based on dual fiber and single fiber topologies are reported which yield 665 MHz and 10.8 MHz carrier frequencies, respectively. Experimental results, indicating the presence of output frequency instabilities, are reported, and the implications for future signal processing and sensing schemes based on stimulated Brillouin scattering are discussed.
Rotating memory processors for the matching of complex textual patterns (1978)

Many people have suggested adding scanning logic to a rotating memory system, such as disk or shift registers, to allow faster execution of database operations. Most of these have been concerned with producing a form of associative memory which is then used to implement one or more of the models for information storage and retrieval, such as relational or hierarchical. While these are capable of searching for simple character strings, they are incapable of handling the complex patterns sometimes necessary for textual information retrieval. In addition, textual information retrieval does not lend itself to highly formatted databases, encoding of information, or arbitrary ordering of data, concepts common to the other structures.
MÜller–Stokes Analysis of Long Period Gratings Part II: Randomly Birefringent LPGs (2009)

We present a Muller-Stokes analysis of the polarization properties of randomly birefingent long-period fiber gratings (LPGs). Using a previously derived Muller matrix, we perform simulations of the polarization behavior in photonic crystal fibers-based tapered long-period gratings with randomly varying birefringence axes. Computer simulations show good agreement with results from experiments with a broadband-amplified spontaneous emission source and a tunable laser in combination with a polarization analyzer.
New Insight into <i>Phaeodactylum tricornutum</i> Fatty Acid Metabolism. Cloning and Functional Characterization of Plastidial and Microsomal Δ12-Fatty Acid Desaturases, (2003)

In contrast to 16:3 plants like rapeseed (Brassica napus), which contain alpha-linolenic acid (18:3(Delta9,12,15)) and hexadecatrienoic acid (16:3(Delta7,10,13)) as major polyunsaturated fatty acids in leaves, the silica-less diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum contains eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5(Delta5,8,11,14,17)) and a different isomer of hexadecatrienoic acid (16:3(Delta6,9,12)). In this report, we describe the characterization of two cDNAs having sequence homology to Delta12-fatty acid desaturases from higher plants. These cDNAs were shown to code for a microsomal and a plastidial Delta12-desaturase (PtFAD2 and PtFAD6, respectively) by heterologous expression in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and Synechococcus, respectively. Using these systems in the presence of exogenously supplied fatty acids, the substrate specificities of the two desaturases were determined and compared with those of the corresponding rapeseed enzymes (BnFAD2 and BnFAD6). The microsomal desaturases were similarly specific for oleic acid (18:1(Delta9)), suggesting that PtFAD2 is involved in the biosynthesis of EPA. In contrast, the plastidial desaturase from the higher plant and the diatom clearly differed. Although the rapeseed plastidial desaturase showed high activity toward the omega9-fatty acids 18:1(Delta9) and 16:1(Delta7), in line with the fatty acid composition of rapeseed leaves, the enzyme of P. tricornutum was highly specific for 16:1(Delta9). Our results indicate that in contrast to EPA, which is synthesized in the microsomes, the hexadecatrienoic acid isomer found in P. tricornutum (16:3(Delta6,9,12)) is of plastidial origin.
Suppression of B cell function by methotrexate and trimetrexate. Evidence for inhibition of purine biosynthesis as a major mechanism of action. (1988)

Methotrexate (MTX) is a widely used drug in the treatment of a variety of human neoplasms. Trimetrexate (TMQ) is a lipid-soluble quinazoline derivate of MTX that, unlike MTX, is not dependent upon membrane folate transport for cellular entry. A number of studies have demonstrated that MTX and, more recently, TMQ possess potent immunosuppressive properties. To examine the cellular events associated with the immunomodulatory effects of anti-folates on humoral immunity, a murine B cell maturation model was used. In vitro, MTX and TMQ reduced the number of antibody-forming cells to SRBC, as well as IgM production. B cells stimulated with anti-Ig demonstrated a dose-related suppression in [3H]UdR incorporation after addition of either drug, suggestive of a decrease in de novo DNA synthesis. B cell activation events preceding S phase were also suppressed by both anti-folates, as evidenced by inhibition of RNA synthesis. However, neither drug affected surface expression of Ia Ag nor inositol phosphate accumulation. Addition of TdR caused a slight non-significant increase in the antibody-forming cell response in the presence of 10(-7) M MTX. However, addition of hypoxanthine or adenine, but not guanine, resulted in complete restoration. Timed addition revealed that the ability of MTX to suppress antibody responses was diminished if added after 48 h of culture, similar to the reversal of this suppression mediated by hypoxanthine. Cell cycle analysis of LPS-stimulated B lymphocytes demonstrated that both drugs modulated events preceding, as well as during, the S phase. The present studies suggest that although drug-induced impairments in dTMP biosynthesis may be responsible for deficient lymphoid proliferation, anti-folate-induced impairment in purine biosynthesis is a major mechanism in anti-folate-induced suppression of humoral immunity.
144 Protection Against Heterologous SHIV Challenge Afforded by Immunization of Rhesus Macaques With a Subunit Immunogen that Mimics a Transition State HIV Envelope Structure (2011)

The coreceptor binding site of HIV-1 gp120 comprises some of the most conserved and functionally important residues on the viral envelope. Therefore, antibody responses to these epitopes should be highly cross-reactive and potentially useful for HIV vaccine development. To address this possibility, we have vaccinated rhesus macaques with various formulations of a subunit immunogen designed to raise humoral responses against conserved gp120 epitopes (rhesus full-length single-chain; rhFLSC). In heterologous high dose rectal challenge models, rhesus macaques were immunized with rhFLSC formulated in QS-21 or GPI-0100 adjuvants. Immunized animals challenged with heterologous SHIV162P3 exhibited vaccine dose-dependent nonsterilizing immunity; defined as accelerated clearance of plasma viremia and decreased tissue viral load compared with unvaccinated control animals. Such control correlated with stronger responses to a variety of conserved epitopes (including CD4-induced or CD4i) in rhFLSC-vaccinated animals. The control of infection was not associated with anti-CD4 responses or with neutralizing activity measured in conventional assays. In a different study, macaques were immunized with rhFLSC formulated in either Iscomatrix or RC-529 adjuvants and subjected to repeat dose challenges with SHIV162P3. Evidence of temporary sterilizing protection was seen in the RC-529/rhFLSC formulation, which was distinguished by high titer antibody responses to conserved CD4i epitopes in the absence of cellular responses. Protection was not associated with conventional neutralizing activity. Reminiscent of the RV144 clinical trial in humans, macaques that became infected upon challenge did not control viremia. Collectively, these data indicate that a single subunit vaccine has the capacity to prevent or control heterologous mucosal infection as a function of humoral immunity.
Mechanisms and Kinetics for the Thermal Decomposition of 2-Azido-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-Dimethylethanamine (DMAZ) (2012)

To gain insight into the mechanisms and kinetics of 2-azido-N,N-dimethylethanamine's (DMAZ's) thermal decomposition postulated reaction paths were simulated with ab initio and density functional theory quantum chemistry models. Four reaction types were modeled: (i) spin-allowed and spin-forbidden paths involving N-N(2) bond fission and nitrene formation, (ii) HN(3) elimination with the formation of (dimethylamino)ethylene, (iii) N-N(2) bond fission with the formation of molecules with three- or four-membered heterocyclic rings, and (iv) simple scission of C-H, C-N, and C-C bonds. The geometries of stationary points of the reactions were obtained with a MPWB1K/6-31+G(d,p) model. To locate and model the geometries of minimum energy intersystem crossing points for triplet nitrene formation and isomerization, unrestricted broken spin symmetry calculations were performed. Employed to model an analogous path for methyl azide's decomposition, this approach was found to yield results similar to those obtained with a CASSCF(10,8)/aug-cc-pVDZ model. Of the four reaction types studied, N-N(2) bond fissions with singlet or triplet nitrene formation were found to have the lowest barriers. Barriers for paths to cyclic products were found to be 2-4 kcal/mol higher. Kinetic rate expressions for individual paths were derived from the quantum chemistry results, and spin-allowed nitrene formation was found to be dominant at all temperatures and pressures examined. The expression 2.69 × 10(9) (s(-1))T(1.405) exp(-39.0 (kcal/mol)/RT), which was derived from QCISD(T)/6-31++G(3df,2p)//MPWB1K/6-31+G(d,p) results, was found to be representative of this reaction's gas-phase rate. Adjusted on the basis of results from self-consistent reaction field models to account for solvation by n-dodecane, the expression became 1.11 × 10(9) (s(-1))T(1.480) exp(-37.6 (kcal/mol)/RT). Utilizing this result and others derived in the study, a model of the decomposition of n-dodecane-solvated DMAZ was constructed, and it generated simulations that well-reproduce previously published measured data for the process.
Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in Pancreatic Cancer: Breaking Down a Complex Clinical Dilemma (2019)

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) frequently occurs in patients with cancer, and particularly those with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Therapeutic anticoagulation with either low-molecular-weight heparin or a direct oral anticoagulant is clearly beneficial in patients who develop a VTE. However, whether thromboprophylaxis improves patient outcomes remains unclear. Studies assessing this risk show a 10%-25% risk of VTE, with reduction to 5%-10% with thromboprophylaxis but no impact on survival. To aid in the risk stratification of patients, several tools have been developed to identify those at highest risk for a VTE event. However, the clinical application of these risk stratification models has been limited, and most patients, even those at the highest risk, will never have a VTE event. New oral anticoagulants have greatly improved the feasibility of prophylaxis but do show increased risk of bleeding in patients with the underlying gastrointestinal dysfunction frequently found in patients with pancreatic cancer. Recently, several completed clinical trials shed new light on this complicated risk versus benefit decision. Here, we present this recent evidence and discuss important considerations for the clinician in determining whether to initiate thromboprophylaxis in patients with PDAC. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Given the high risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC), whether to initiate prophylactic anticoagulation is a complex clinical decision. This review discusses recent evidence regarding the risk stratification and treatment options for thromboprophylaxis in patients with PDAC, with the goal of providing practicing clinicians with updates on recent developments in the field. This article also highlights important considerations for individualizing the treatment approach for a given patient given the lack of general consensus of uniform recommendations for this patient population.
ESR Studies of Low Water Content 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in Oriented Multilayers. 1. Evidence for Long-Range Cooperative Chain Distortions - Correction (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleESR Studies of Low Water Content 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in Oriented Multilayers. 1. Evidence for Long-Range Cooperative Chain Distortions - CorrectionEva Meirovitch and Jack FreedCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1981, 85, 7, 932Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1981Publication History Published online2 July 2002Published inissue 1 April 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150607a600https://doi.org/10.1021/j150607a600research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views15Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Detection of binaural interaction in free-field evoked auditory brainstem responses by time-scale representations (2016)

The so called β-wave of the binaural interaction component (BIC) in auditory brainstem responses (ABR) has been shown to be an objective measure for binaural interaction (BI). This component is the arithmetical difference between the sum of the monaurally evoked ABRs and the binaurally evoked ABR. Unfortunately, these neural responses are known to be very fragile and as a result the calculated BIC. An additional issue is, that the findings of this measurement are predominantly needed in people with hearing loss who may use hearing devices like hearing aids (HA) or cochlear implants (CI), thus they are not able to use headphones (like in conventional ABR measurements) during the detection of possible BI. This is a crucial problem, because it is known that factors like the interaural time delay (ITD) between the receiving ears are responsible for solving tasks like sound source localization or sound source separation, but specially designed measurements to coordinate the fitting of HAs or CIs with respect to BI are still missing. In this paper, we introduce a new measurement setup that is able to detect BI depending on different ITDs in free-field evoked responses by using the more reliable instantaneous phase in the time-scale representation. With this pilot study we are able to demonstrate a decreasing BI with an increasing ITD using the wavelet phase synchronization stability analysis in ten normal hearing subjects.
Interaction of Rheumatoid Factor with Infectious Vaccinia Virus-Antibody Complexes (1974)

Abstract Rheumatoid factor (RF), isolated from sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, attached to infectious vaccinia virus-IgG (Vac-IgG) complexes. Neutralization did not occur until the Vac-IgG-RF complexes were incubated with either goat antihuman IgM or complement. The amount of RF that attached was proportional to the concentration of IgG incubated with the virus. The enhancement by RF of complement-mediated neutralization of Vac-IgG was not dependent upon the order of addition of the immunoreactants. Complement addition before, with, or after RF resulted in the same amount of neutralization. These observations suggest that under certain conditions RF may play a role in the defense against viral infections.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of 3‐(1‐Cyanoalkylidene)oxindoles by Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclization Reaction of 2‐(Alkynyl)aryl Isocyanates with Copper(I) Cyanide. (2011)

Abstract The reaction provides a convenient and stereoselective method for the synthesis of the title compounds, e.g. (III).
Comparison of the proteome of <b> <i>Methylobacterium extorquens</i> </b> AM1 grown under methylotrophic and nonmethylotrophic conditions (2004)

Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 is a facultative methylotrophic bacterium that is capable of growing in the presence of methanol as the sole carbon and energy source, but is also able to grow on a limited number of C(2), C(3), and C(4) compounds, for example succinate. This study provides a proteomic view of the cellular adaptation of M. extorquens AM1 to growth on methanol and succinate, respectively. Cytosolic proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis employing overlapping pH ranges and visualized by silver nitrate or fluorescence staining. A proteomic reference map containing 229 different proteins identified by peptide mass fingerprinting of tryptic fragments was established. Comparative proteome profiling of methanol- and succinate-grown cells led to the identification of 68 proteins that are induced under methylotrophic growth conditions in comparison to growth on succinate. This group includes most proteins known to be directly involved in methanol oxidation to CO(2) and in assimilation of one carbon units by the serine cycle as well as 18 proteins without any assigned function and two proteins with a predicted regulatory function. Furthermore, the proteome analysis revealed putative isoenzymes for formaldehyde-activating enzyme Fae, malyl-CoA lyase, malate-dehydrogenase, and fumarase, that need to be characterized functionally in future studies.
Locust ION Transport Peptide (ITP): Primary Structure, cDNA and Expression in a Baculovirus System (1996)

Ion transport peptide (ITP) purified from locust nervous corpus cardiacum (CC) has previously been shown to stimulate salt and water reabsorption and inhibit acid secretion in the ileum of Schistocerca gregaria. We used the partial amino acid sequence of purified ITP to derive degenerate primers. These were used to amplify a cDNA from brain RNA using reverse transcription and the polymerase chain reaction (RtPCR). This sequence was extended using anchored PCR to yield a partial, 517bp cDNA clone. This cDNA encodes a putative ITP prohormone which could be cleaved at two dibasic amino acid sites to yield a 72 residue active amidated peptide. The deduced amino acid sequence from the cDNA agrees completely with the amino acid sequence and molecular mass (8564Da) derived from analysis of purified ITP. Relative to a family of crustacean hyperglycaemic hormones (CHH), all six cysteine residues and many other amino acid residues are conserved in ITP, establishing that ITP is a homologue. However, CHH, crab eyestalk and CC extracts from distantly related insects have no action, whereas CC extracts from closely related insects are active on the locust ITP assay, showing that the bioassay is selective. Insect Sf9 cells transfected with a baculovirus containing our partial cDNA secreted a potent stimulant of locust ileal transport, confirming that the peptide encoded by our ITP clone has biological activity. The mRNA for ITP is restricted to the brain and CC. Interestingly, a related mRNA is observed in other tissues which are not active on the ITP bioassay.
Els reptes socials del canvi climÃ tic i global (2007)

El canvi climàtic no és un fet nou, el que és realment novedós és que aquest canvi sigi per causa, almenys en una bona part, nostra, de les societats humanes. Hi ha una vulnerabilitat social al canvi, en l’economia, la salut, etc., que fins ara no havíem experimentat. Els canvis a què ens enfrontem, a més, no són només climàtics, altres canvis en la relació amb el nostre entorn poden tenir conseqüències directes per a la nostra societat i potser les societats humanes estan fent més atenció als processos de mitigació del canvi climàtic que no pas a la vulnerabilitat i l’adaptació a les conseqüències que se’n deriven.
Non-self-similar, partial, and robust collapse of four point vortices on a sphere (2008)

This paper gives numerical examples showing that non-self-similar collapse can occur in the motion of four point vortices on a sphere. It is found when the four-vortex problem is integrable, in which the moment of vorticity vector is zero. The non-self-similar collapse has significant properties. It is partial in the sense that three of the four point vortices collapse to one point in finite time and the other one moves to the antipodal position to the collapse point. Moreover, it is robust with respect to perturbation of the initial configuration as long as the system remains integrable.
A New High-Flux MWPC Fast Read-Out System Based on Two Custom-Design Monolithic Integrated Circuits (1978)

Two new monolithic integrated circuits have been developed as the heart of an electronic read-out system for equipping high-flux multiwire proportional chambers (MWPC's) placed on the muon beam of the CERN 400 GeV SPS accelerator.
Phosphoglucoisomerase-catalysed interconversion of hexose phosphates. Kinetic study by 13C n.m.r. of the phosphoglucoisomerase reaction in 2H2O (1990)

The fate of D-[2-13C]glucose 6-phosphate exposed to phosphoglucoisomerase (glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, EC 5.3.1.9) in 2H2O was monitored by 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy. The generation of the anomers of both D-[2-13C]fructose 6-phosphate and D-[2-13C,2-2H]glucose 6-phosphate followed a single-exponential pattern. The rate constant, which was proportional to the enzyme concentration, was about 14 times higher, however, in the former than in the latter case. The disappearance of D-[2-13C,2-1H]glucose 6-phosphate occurred in a bi-exponential manner, the rate constants for the fast and the slow processes being in fair agreement with those obtained for the generation of D-[2-13C]fructose 6-phosphate and D-[2-13C,2-2H]glucose 6-phosphate respectively. These findings indicate that the process of equilibration of D-[2-13C]glucose 6-phosphate and D-[2-13C]fructose 6-phosphate is at least one order of magnitude faster than the intermolecular proton transfer involving the deuterons from the solvent. Such a difference provides strong support to the view that the inverconversion of hexose phosphates in the reaction catalysed by phosphoglucoisomerase proceeds in two distinct steps, the second of which occurs according to two competing modalities with either an intramolecular or an intermolecular proton transfer.