gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of mouse kappa opioid receptor gene expression by retinoids. (2001)

The effect of retinoids on the expression of kappa opioid receptor (KOR) gene was examined in normal and transgenic animals. KOR-lacZ transgene expression was specifically elevated in KOR-positive areas of the developing CNS by depleting vitamin A from animal diets. The endogenous KOR mRNA species, including all three isoforms, were also upregulated by depleting vitamin A in developing animals. Change in the expression of isoforms a and b is similar in prenatal stages but differs during postnatal development. Interestingly, upregulation of isoform c is most significant postnatally. The regulation of KOR gene by vitamin A was substantiated in a mouse embryonal carcinoma P19 culture system in which retinoic acid (RA), the most potent ingredient of vitamin A, was able to suppress the expression of all the three KOR isoforms and KOR protein. The RA-mediated suppression was blocked by an RA receptor antagonist and a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. By using a reporter transfection assay in P19 cells, the potential genetic element responsible for RA-mediated suppression of KOR gene expression was located to intron 1 of the mouse KOR gene, which could also be blocked by HDAC inhibitor. Furthermore, suppression of KOR gene expression by RA in P19 cells appeared to be an indirect event and required protein synthesis. A role of RA in KOR gene regulation during developmental stages was discussed.
Silicone dendrons and dendrimers from orthogonal SiH coupling reactions (2014)

Iterative assembly of highly branched silicone dendrons and dendrimers, alternatively using Piers–Rubinsztajn and Pt-catalyzed hydrosilylation reactions, was achieved in high yield to give materials of up to 13 770 molecular weight by combining divergent and convergent approaches.
Applying usability engineering in ABB (2006)

This paper reports experiences from applying simple and flexible usability engineering methods to projects in a large multinational organization. The field of industrial control has traditionally been resistant to employing usability methods due to perceived complexity, difficulties in applying to the wide diversity of project types and low reward. In such an environment, it is difficult to perform thorough, state-of-the-art usability engineering methodologies, as the deadlines, requirements and demands of the development projects are too rigid. As an alternative, this paper presents how a simple and flexible usability engineering model that does not require much effort or cost has been applied to three fundamentally different projects and has proven to yield positive results.
A Comparative Study of the Phosphotriester Versus the Phosphoramidite Approach to Nitroxide Labeled Oligo dT (1991)

Abstract Deoxyuridine labeled in C-5 with a one-atom-tehered 6-memberedring mitroxide (DUTA) was incorporated into the oligomer d(T)7(DUTA)d(T)7 by either the phosphotriester or phosphoramidite method. While the EPR specific activity (AEPR) of the phosphotriester product concurs with EPR data of nucleic acids spin labeled enzymatically, a lower AEPR is observed with the phosphoramidite product. The effects of the chemically harsher phosphoramidite conditions the DUTA label are held accountable for these results.
Photoelectrochromic Properties of Methylene Blue in Conducting Polyaniline Matrixes (1992)

Polyaniline films containing methylene blue were electrochemically prepared using polymerized tetrafluorosulfonate (Nafion) as an electrolyte anion which worked well for electrostatic binding of methylene blue and served as a charge compensator for oxidized polyaniline. The incorporated methylene blue was reduced by illumination of the polyaniline film in solution containing 0.1M ascorbic acid. The rate of photoreduction was enhanced by further incorporating. The role of the incorporated on the photoreduction rate of the incorporated methylene blue was quantitatively analyzed by measuring photoelectrochemical properties of the films, and discussed based on energy diagrams. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the use of conductive polyaniline matrix in comparison with the matrix of Nafion alone was demonstrated. The photoreduction of methylene blue in such films could successfully be utilized in the formation of light images.
Reactivity of carbohydrate radicals derived from iodo sugars and dibenzoyl peroxide. Homolytic heteroaromatic and aromatic substitution, reduction, and oxidation (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactivity of carbohydrate radicals derived from iodo sugars and dibenzoyl peroxide. Homolytic heteroaromatic and aromatic substitution, reduction, and oxidationElena Vismara, Angela Donna, Francesco Minisci, Annamaria Naggi, Nadia Pastori, and Giangiacomo TorriCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 4, 959–963Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00056a034https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00056a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views529Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
BIOSAFETY CHALLENGES FOR THE FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY (2012)

ABSTRACT Microbiology research and teaching must be conducted in a fashion that assures the health and well‐being of the practitioner and the safety of the community. This paper presents some biosafety issues and discusses how the interaction of the pathogen being studied, the person conducting the research and the practices being used can be manipulated to assure safety. The characterization of pathogens into risk groups, how these relate to biosafety levels, and the personal practices and laboratory design criteria associated with each biosafety level are explained. The importance of preventing or containing aerosols, limiting opportunities for cross‐contamination, and taking a flexible multicomponent approach to biosafety is emphasized. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Safety is an important, but often overlooked issue in food microbiology laboratories. This paper raises awareness, puts forth some approaches for dealing with biohazards and hopefully advances the safe practice of food microbiology.
Furanoid F-Acid F6 Uniquely Induces NETosis Compared to C16 and C18 Fatty Acids in Human Neutrophils (2018)

Various biomolecules induce neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation or NETosis. However, the effect of fatty acids on NETosis has not been clearly established. In this study, we focused on the NETosis-inducing ability of several lipid molecules. We extracted the lipid molecules present in Arabian Gulf catfish (<i>Arius bilineatus</i>, Val) skin gel, which has multiple therapeutic activities. Gas chromatography⁻mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the lipid fraction-3 from the gel with NETosis-inducing activity contained fatty acids including a furanoid F-acid (F6; 12,15-epoxy-13,14-dimethyleicosa-12,14-dienoic acid) and common long-chain fatty acids such as palmitic acid (PA; C16:0), palmitoleic acid (PO; C16:1), stearic acid (SA; C18:0), and oleic acid (OA; C18:1). Using pure molecules, we show that all of these fatty acids induce NETosis to different degrees in a dose-dependent fashion. Notably, F6 induces a unique form of NETosis that is rapid and induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by both NADPH oxidase (NOX) and mitochondria. F6 also induces citrullination of histone. By contrast, the common fatty acids (PA, PO, SA, and OA) only induce NOX-dependent NETosis. The activation of the kinases such as ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) and JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) is important for long-chain fatty acid-induced NETosis, whereas, in F-acid-induced NETosis, Akt is additionally needed. Nevertheless, NETosis induced by all of these compounds requires the final chromatin decondensation step of transcriptional firing. These findings are useful for understanding F-acid- and other fatty acid-induced NETosis and to establish the active ingredients with therapeutic potential for regulating diseases involving NET formation.
Dual Role of NRSF/REST in Activation and Repression of the Glucocorticoid Response (2007)

Restriction of glutamine synthetase to the nervous system is mainly achieved through the mutual function of the glucocorticoid receptor and the neural restrictive silencing factor, NRSF/REST. Glucocorticoids induce glutamine synthetase expression in neural tissues while NRSF/REST represses the hormonal response in non-neural cells. NRSF/REST is a modular protein that contains two independent repression domains, at the N and C termini of the molecule, and is dominantly expressed in nonneural cells. Neural tissues express however splice variants, REST4/5, which contain the repression domain at the N, but not at the C terminus of the molecule. Here we show that full-length NRSF/REST or its C-terminal domain can inhibit almost completely the induction of gene transcription by glucocorticoids. By contrast, the N-terminal domain not only fails to repress the hormonal response but rather stimulates it markedly. The inductive activity of the N-terminal domain is mediated by hBrm, which is recruited to the promoter only in the concomitant presence of GR. Importantly, a similar inductive activity is also exerted by the splice variant REST4. These findings raise the possibility that NRSF/REST exhibits a dual role in regulation of glutamine synthetase. It represses gene induction in nonneural cells and enhances the hormonal response, via its splice variant, in the nervous system.
A Difference in the Buoyant Density of Haemagglutinin From Rubella Virus Strains (1969)

The multiplication of rubella virus in tissue culture cells results in the production of two complement fixing antigens (Schmidt et al. 1968), two antigens detectable by immunodiffusion (Le Bouvier, 1969), an antigen detectable by haemagglutination and infective virions heterogeneous with respect to buoyant density (Magnusson & Skaaret, 1967). The physical characteristics of rubella virus haemagglutinin have been studied by equilibrium density gradient centrifugation in caesium chloride and values of 12.5 (Palmer & Murphy, 1968) and 1.33 (Amstey, Hobbins & Parkman, 1968) have been obtained. Strain differences in buoyant density have been noted for herpes simplex virus (Roizman & Roane, 1961). As part of a continuing study of rubella strains (Oxford, 1969), we have determined the buoyant density in caesium chloride of the haemagglutinin prepared from four virus strains with widely varying numbers of tissue culture passes.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Molybdenum Silyl Complexes from Hydrides by Net Silylene Transfer: Evidence for a Radical Chain Mechanism. (1987)

Abstract The title complexes (III) are obtained by treatment of the hydride complexes (I) with hexamethylsilacyclopropane (II) at 25 °C. Detailed experiments of this reaction show that the silylene transfer from (II) to (I) is quantitative and appears to proceed by radical chain ring opening and olefin elimination to yield a transient silyl radical.
Analytical Techniques for the in situ Measurement and Speciation of Trace Compounds in Natural Waters (1997)

A major research component of the analytical activities of the Analytical and Biophysical Environmental Chemistry group of the University of Geneva (CABE) is focused on the development of chemical sensors and mini or microanalytical systems for in situ measurements of trace compounds in aquatic environmental systems, including surface waters, sediments or water treatment plants. In this field, new concepts are required in order to determine not only the total concentration of environmental analytes but also the concentrations and physicochemical properties of their environmentally relevant chemical forms (chemical speciation). New selective analytical systems integrating reliable and rugged sensors with simple separation principles must be imagined to perform in situ (at depth), real-time, automatic measurements. Microtechnology is a key factor in such developments. New analytical methods must also be developed to characterize the nature and properties of the major natural, often colloidal or polymeric, complexing agents. In this context, the scientific approach of CABE is explained.
P1‐015: NANOPARTICLE TGF‐β SIGNALING BLOCKADE IN TREM2<sup>+</sup> PERIPHERAL MACROPHAGES ATTENUATES ALZHEIMER PATHOLOGY IN TGF344‐AD RATS (2018)

The prominent immunosuppressive cytokine regulator, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), has increased abundance in AD patient brains and in rodent models of the disease. Our group has shown that genetic ablation of TGF-beta-Smad 2/3 signaling in peripheral mononuclear phagocytes (macrophages) causes their brain recruitment and resolution of cerebral amyloidosis and associated cognitive disturbance in mouse models. We are bridging this genetic approach into the pharmacological domain using next-generation nanoparticle technology to block TGF-beta signaling in peripheral macrophages. The concept is to ‘re-balance’ innate immunity and neuroinflammation in the pre-clinical TgF344-AD rat model, which manifests the full spectrum of age-dependent AD pathologies and cognitive impairment. To specifically target peripheral macrophages, we have developed PEG-PLGA nanoparticles encapsulating a small molecule TGF-beta-Smad 2/3 inhibitor and the non-toxic fluorescent tracker, Coumarin-6 (designated nano-C6/SB). We conducted two long-term peripheral treatment studies with nano-C6/SB–one beginning prior to plaque accumulation and the other starting after established disease. We cognitively/behaviorally tested aged TgF344-AD rats and controls and subsequently analyzed their brains for evidence of peripheral macrophage infiltration and AD-like pathology. We show that peripheral nano-C6/SB treatment: 1) promotes brain infiltration of C6 and Trem2 double-positive peripheral mononuclear phagocytes that localize to amyloid plaques; 2) attenuates cerebral amyloidosis and tauopathy; and 3) partially remediates cognitive deficits. Nano-C6/SB directly targets peripheral macrophages, effectively inhibiting TGF-beta signaling and increasing Abeta phagocytosis. These cells are almost exclusively Trem2 positive, as opposed to Trem2 negative brain-resident microglia. We conclude that PEG-PLGA nanoparticles encapsulating small molecule TGF-beta-Smad 2/3 inhibitors hold pre-clinical promise to directly target Trem2+ peripheral macrophages for cerebral Abeta clearance.
Psoriasis vulgaris in Chinese individuals is associated with<i>PSORS1C3</i>and<i>CDSN</i>genes (2006)

The PSORS1C3 and CDSN genes are important psoriasis susceptibility genes in Chinese patients with psoriasis vulgaris.
Repeated Vaccination Does Not Appear to Impact Upon Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Hospitalization With Confirmed Influenza (2017)

Vaccination in both the current and previous seasons was associated with a higher VE against hospitalization with influenza than vaccination in either single season. These findings reinforce current recommendations for annual influenza vaccination, particularly those at greatest risk of influenza disease.
238: The Molecular Basis of Early Prostate Development (2006)

OBJECTIVE: Obesity is associated with aggressive prostate cancer (CaP). We hypothesized that identification of gene expression differences between CaPs from obese and normal weight men would provide valuable insight into the biology of aggressive CaP.
Condensed Cyclobutane Aromatic Compounds. XXIV. The Mechanism of Thermal Rearrangement of the Linear Benzocyclobutadiene Dimer: Synthesis of 9,10-Benzocyclobutenoanthracene<sup>1</sup> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCondensed Cyclobutane Aromatic Compounds. XXIV. The Mechanism of Thermal Rearrangement of the Linear Benzocyclobutadiene Dimer: Synthesis of 9,10-Benzocyclobutenoanthracene1M. P. Cava and R. PohlkeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 4, 1012–1014Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01039a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01039a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views90Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: An Unexpected Heck Reaction. Inversion of Olefin Geometry Facilitated by the Apparent Intramolecular Carbamate Chelation of the σ‐ Palladium Intermediate. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Stationary bifurcation to limit cycles and heteroclinic cycles (1991)

The authors consider stationary bifurcations with Z4.Z24 symmetry. For an open set of cubic coefficients in the normal form, we prove the existence of a limit cycle with frequency approximately mod lambda mod -1 as lambda to 0. It is shown that there are two types of structurally stable heteroclinic cycles in this example, one of which is of a new type. They find the stability of all of the zeros and heteroclinic cycles which branch from the origin at the bifurcation. Novel techniques are needed for the calculation of stability for the new type of heteroclinic cycle, and the proof of existence of the limit cycles.
Osteoporosis in a Six Year Old Pony (1975)

A case of what can be presumed to be secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism, due to high phosphorus diet, in a six year old pony is discussed. The findings are compared to those found when the disease occurs in young growing horses.
A Near-Optimal Sensor Scheduling Strategy for an on–off Controller With an Expensive Sensor (2012)

This paper describes an efficient method for scheduling an energy-consuming sensor sparingly in combination with an on-off controller, specifically for a finite horizon control problem in which only end states are critical. In certain low-power applications, such as autonomous microrobotics, on-off controllers can be very efficient in operating piezoelectric actuators (and other capacitive actuation schemes) compared to traditional analog and pulsewidth modulation controllers. However, with existing sensing circuitry, sensing at the same frequency as control can be prohibitively expensive, because energy consumption in the sensing circuitry may be comparable or even much higher than energy consumption for actuation. Instead, a method is presented for best scheduling a limited number of sensor measurements and updates to control inputs during a finite horizon on-off control problem, in response to Gaussian disturbances and measurement noise. To simplify the problem, a lower bound for the expected value of a quadratic error function of the end states is found, which permits rapid evaluation of candidate sensor times. When actuator energy consumption is incorporated in the optimization, this produces a numerically efficient near-optimal strategy for determining best measurement times and updates to the control input sequence.
Peak-to-average power ratio and power efficiency considerations in MIMO-OFDM systems (2008)

Peak-to-average power ratio (PAR) reduction is a powerful tool that can increase power efficiency and reduce distortion noise in MIMO-OFDM systems. Various PAR metrics have been used in the MIMO-OFDM literature without justifications regarding the physical mechanisms that support those PAR definitions. In this paper, we show that in order to deliver high power efficiency, two MIMO-OFDM linear-scaling schemes are possible: one that scales all MIMO branches with the same factor and another that uses a different scaling factor for each branch. For each system, we derive a meaningful PAR metric that should be used.
Escaping the evils of centralized control with self-certifying pathnames (1998)

People have long trusted central authorities to coordinate secure collaboration on local-area networks. Unfortunately, the Internet doesn't provide the kind of administrative structures individual organizations do. As such, users risk painful consequences if global, distributed systems rely on central authorities for security. Fortunately, security need not come at the price of centralized control. To prove it, we present SFS, a secure, global, decentralized file system permitting easy cross-administrative realm collaboration. With a simple idea, self-certifying pathnames, SFS lets users escape the evils of centralized control.
Techniques for the Measurement of Small Anisotropies in Magic Angle Spinning NMR Spectra (1988)

Abstract Two novel methods for enhancing the effect of small anisotropies on magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectra are described. The first method is a simple two‐dimensional (2D) spin echo experiment, which generates rotational sidebands at a fraction of the spinning frequency in the ω 1 dimension, while maintaining the effective spinning speed in ω 2 . It is shown that the rotational sidebands in the 2D spectrum are much larger than in a normal one‐dimensional MAS spectrum obtained at the same spinning speed, and the relative intensities of the two‐dimensional sideband array can be analyzed to yield the anisotropy and asymmetry parameter of the coupling tensor. The second method is designed to measure homonuclear dipolar couplings. We show that the effect of a dipolar coupling between members of an isolated spin pair can be enhanced by adjusting the spinning speed such that n ω r = ω Δ iso , where n is an integer, ω r is the spinning speed, and ω Δ iso is the difference between isotropic shifts. When this condition, termed rotational resonance, is satisfied, a broadening or a splitting of the normally sharp resonance lines is observed. In addition, rapid exchange of Zeeman order between the dipolar coupled spins is seen. This method holds promise for the measurement of through space dipolar couplings and thus internuclear distances in polycrystalline solids.