gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
R-M/TCP: Protocol for Reliable Multi-Path Transport over the Internet (2005)

We extend the previous work on Multi-path Transmission Control Protocol (M/TCP) and propose Rate-based M/TCP (R-M/TCP) for improving reliability and performance of the communications over the Internet. The protocol has been designed as one of TCP options, thus being backward compatible to the standard TCP. It does not require any changes in network infrastructure, but do require some modifications at the end hosts to establish multiple paths. Congestion control in R-M/TCP is performed in a rate-based and loss-avoidance manner. It attempts to estimate the available bandwidth and the queue length of the used routes in order to fully utilize the bandwidth resources. Experimental results show performance advantages of R-M/TCP beyond TCP Reno in the scenario that characteristics in terms of delay and bandwidth of each route are different.
Hydrothermal synthesis of Na-beidellite (1990)

Na-beidellite was hydrothermally synthesized using various starting materials at a range of P-T conditions. The best crystallized Na-beidellite was carefully investigated with XRD, SEM, TGA, MAS-NMR and IR-spectroscopy. -from Authors
Empirical Measurement toward an Emergent Perceptibility of Autonomous Robots (1999)

A perceptual mechanism having a possibility to utilize advantages of both artificial intelligence and a reactive system is introduced into an autonomous intelligent robot. Empirical measurement that is a product of the interaction between the environment and the robot is implemented in the perceptual mechanism to interpret environmental information through a sensing system. The mechanism design concept and concrete examples are givep. Computational experiments demonstrate that the mechanism acquires empirical measurement for the behavior for passable openings.
Novel approach for computing the global minimum of proteins. 1. General concepts, methods, and approximations (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel approach for computing the global minimum of proteins. 1. General concepts, methods, and approximationsR. L. SomorjaiCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 10, 4141–4146Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100163a045https://doi.org/10.1021/j100163a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views74Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Cyclic AMP in ruminal and other anaerobic bacteria (1994)

An examination of cAMP levels in predominant species of ruminal bacteria and other anaerobic bacteria was conducted. Cellular cAMP concentrations of glucose-grown cultures of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens 49, Prevotella ruminicola D31d, Selenomonas ruminantium HD4 and D, Megasphaera elsdenii B159, Sreptococcus bovis JB1, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 5482, and Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 were determined at various times during growth by a competitive binding radioimmunoassay procedure. The results were compared to those for Escherichia coli NRRL B3704. The levels of cAMP ranged from undetectable for B. thetaiotaomicron to approximately 15 pmol/mg cell protein for P. ruminicola D31d. Varying the growth substrate in a manner previously shown to elicit regulatory response did not alter the level of cAMP in these organisms. In general, cAMP concentrations present in these organisms were much lower than the 6–25 pmol/mg cell protein observed for E. coli. The levels of cAMP in P. ruminicola were consistently higher than levels in other anaerobes, particularly during the early exponential and stationary phases of growth. Based on these data it seems unlikely that cAMP is involved in regulation of substrate catabolism in the anaerobic bacteria examined except in P. ruminicola where it may have an unknown regulatory function.
INVESTIGATIONS OF HUMAN THYROID FUNCTION WITH THE USE OF SMALL DOSES OF RADIOACTIVE IODINE, AND THE EFFECT OF THYROTROPHIC HORMONE ON I131 UPTAKE AND EXCRETION (1949)

Tracer methods with radioactive iodine have been employed in recent years to assess human thyroid function. Some authors measured the uptake of I131 by the thyroid, [Hamilton & Soley, 1940; Hertz, Roberts & Salter, 1942; Rawson, Evans, Means, Peacock, Lerman & Cortell, 1944; and others]: other authors measured the excretion [Hamilton & Soley, 1939; Keating, Power, Berkson & Haines, 1947; Skanse, 1948; and others]. Extensive investigations have been carried out with the help of radioactive iodine on the iodine metabolism in the thyroid function of animals (recently reviewed by Rawson & McArthur [1947]; Chaikoff & Taurog [1948] and Hevesy [1948]). The results of these experiments have so far been utilized only in a very restricted way for diagnostic purposes on human patients. Although various tracer doses, with and without carrier, have been used, up to the present no standardized routine method for the investigation of patients has been developed.
RTHP-27. RE-IRRADIATION FOR RECURRENT HIGH GRADE GLIOMA (HGG): EVALUATION OF TOLERABLE RADIATION DOSE AND ROLE OF CHEMOTHERAPY (2017)

Re-irradiation for recurrent HGG remains controversial, although several studies have now suggested a dose of 36 Gy as standard for re-treatment. We retrospectively evaluated outcomes and toxicity following re-irradiation for recurrent HGG, in many cases to higher than 36 Gy. Ninety-six patients, median KPS 80 [range 40-100]), were retreated at a median of 29 months following initial radiation (4.8-203.3 months). The median re-irradiation dose was 41.4 Gy (12.6-54 Gy) to a median lesion volume of 185.5 cm3 (20-901 cm3). Of evaluable treatment plans, the median cumulative (initial- and re-irradiation combined) maximum brainstem dose was 76.6 Gy (6.2-103.4 Gy) and to the optic apparatus 54.9 Gy (5.5-90.9 Gy). Concurrent temozolomide (TMZ) alone was given with 55% of re-irradiation treatments, bevacizumab (BEV) alone with 14%, TMZ+BEV with 12%, and no chemotherapy with 20%. Planned re-irradiation was completed by 90% of patients and was not affected by concurrent chemotherapy. Median overall survival (OS) from primary diagnosis was 108, 73, and 33 months for patients with initial grade I-II, grade III, and grade IV gliomas, respectively (p<0.0001). Better OS from the end of re-irradiation was seen with KPS≥80 (median 10.0 vs. 3.7 months, p<0.0001), initial lower grade disease (14.1 vs. 10.9 vs. 6.2 months for grades II, III, and IV, respectively, p=0.001), and concurrent treatment with TMZ alone (10.7 months vs. 6.7 months for BEV alone, 3.8 months for TMZ+BEV, and 4.5 months for no chemotherapy, p=0.02). Radiation necrosis and grade ≥3 late CNS toxicity were both minimal (<3%) in this group. No brainstem or optic nerve/chiasm injury was identified. Re-irradiation even at doses >36 Gy were safe, well tolerated, and completed in the majority of patients with recurrent HGG. More study is needed to define the optimal re-irradiation dose, the maximal safe dose to critical structures, the role of systemic therapy, and efficacy.
IgG subclass switch capacity is low in switched and in IgM-only, but high in IgD+IgM+, post-germinal center (CD27+) human B cells (2001)

Recent studies have shown that in humans the germinal center reactions produce three types of V(D)J mutated B cells in similar proportions, i.e. Ig-switched, IgD-IgM+ (IgM-only) and IgD+IgM+ cells, and that together they form the CD27+ compartment of recirculating B cells. We investigated the Ig isotype switch capacity of these cells. Peripheral blood B subsets were sorted and IgG subclass secretion in presence or absence of IL-4 was compared in B cell assays which lead to Ig secretion in all (coculture with EL-4 thymoma cells) or only in CD27+ (CD40L stimulation) B cells. Already switched IgG+ B cells showed no significant sequential switch and IgM-only cells also had a low switch capacity, but IgD+CD27+ switched as much as IgD+CD27- B cells to all IgG subclasses. Thus, in switched B cells some alterations compromising further switch options occur frequently; IgM-only cells may result from aborted switch. However, IgD+CD27+ human B cells, extensively V(D)J mutated and "naive" regarding switch, build up a repertoire of B cells combining (1) novel cross-reactive specificities, (2) increased differentiation capacity (including after T-independent stimulation by Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I) and (3) the capacity to produce appropriate isotypes when they respond to novel pathogens.
Properties and units in the clinical laboratory sciences. Part XVIII. Properties and units in clinical molecular biology (IUPAC Technical Report) (2004)

This document describes the introduction of the concept of property in the field of molecular biology for the presentation of results of clinical laboratory investigations of genes and mutations. It follows the IUPAC–IFCC systematic rules and attempts to create a common base for communication between the clinical laboratory sciences, the medical practitioner, and the molecular biology areas of knowledge. Because of the plethora of possible structural variations in the outcome of analysis, the designation of components is restricted to the symbols of genes as identified by the Human Genome Nomenclature Database (HUGO). The listing of properties having DNA as system comprises all symbols in the HUGO database except for symbols related to mitochondrial genes, while properties having RNA as system are included only when known to be in actual use. The detailed and accurate presentation of results is made by the laboratory performing the study, and it is recommended that the explicit guidelines given by Antonarakis and den Dunnen be adhered to. For electronic communication, a code (NPU) is allocated to each property identified. The complete list of properties, which is an integral part of this report, can be accessed at <www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2004/7609/7609x1799.html>.
Initial experience of combined immunosuppressive induction therapy with polyclonal antithymocyte antibody, FK 506 (tacrolimus), and prednisolone in clinical liver transplantation (2000)

Small intestinal transplantation is performed for patients with intestinal failure who failed other surgical and medical treatment. It carries notable risks, including, but not limited to, acute and chronic cellular rejection and graft malfunction. Late severe acute intestinal allograft rejection is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality and, in the majority of cases, ends with total enterectomy. It usually results from subtherapeutic immunosuppression or nonadherence to medical treatment. We present the case of a 20-year-old patient who underwent isolated small bowel transplant for total intestinal Hirschsprung disease at age 7. Due to medication nonadherence, she developed severe late-onset acute cellular rejection manifested by high, bloody ostomy output and weight loss. Ileoscopy showed complete loss of normal intestinal anatomic landmarks and ulcerated mucosa. Graft biopsies showed ulceration and granulation tissue with severe architectural distortion consistent with severe intestinal graft rejection. She initially received intravenous corticosteroids and increased tacrolimus dose without significant improvement. Her immunosuppression was escalated to include infliximab and finally antithymocyte globulin. Graft enterectomy was considered repeatedly; however, clinical improvement was noted eventually with evidence of histologic improvement and salvage of the graft. The aggressive antirejection treatment was complicated by development of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder that resolved with reducing immunosuppression. Her graft function is currently maintained on tacrolimus, oral prednisone, and a periodic infliximab infusion. We conclude that a prompt and aggressive immunosuppressive approach significantly increases the chance of rescuing small bowel transplant rejection.
Abstract 18092: The Relationship Between Patency of the Culprit Artery on Admission and Electrolyte Changes in Anterior STEMI - Analysis From the EMBRACE STEMI Clinical Trial (2016)

Introduction: During STEMI, the activation of the renin-aldosterone-angiotensin system (RAAS) has a vasoconstrictive effect which may contribute to cardiac ischemia and the final infarct size. None...
Fertility Preservation: Successful Transplantation of Cryopreserved Ovarian Tissue in a Young Patient Previously Treated for Hodgkin's Disease (2007)

Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue is now offered as an experimental procedure to preserve the fertility of young patients with a high risk for premature ovarian failure resulting from cancer therapy. This is the only available option to preserve the fertility of prepubertal patients treated with gonadotoxic chemotherapy. At present, thousands of patients all over the world have undergone this procedure with the hope of later restoring their fertility. Although the efficiency of the transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue to restore ovarian function has been established, reports of pregnancy are still very scarce. Here, we describe the second published full-term spontaneous pregnancy after an orthotopic and heterotopic transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue in a 31-year-old woman previously treated by conditioning therapy for bone marrow transplantation for Hodgkin's disease. This birth gives compelling evidence for the graft origin of the gamete and confirms the efficacy of ovarian tissue transplantation in restoring human natural fertility after oncological treatment. This case report stresses the importance of proposing the ovarian tissue cryopreservation procedure to all young patients who require potentially sterilizing treatment, with all alternative options to preserve fertility being duly taken into consideration.
Control of an Active Suspension for a Truck Cab (1994)

In this paper, a controlled system for an active-cab-suspension constructed with hydropneumatic actuators is considered, which is intended to improve ride comfort of a truck.At first, a controller is designed using YJB parametrization of all stabilizing compensators and experiments is carried out to verify its feasibility. The parameter is determined by graphical technique in frequency domain so that the controlled system has sufficient ride comfort. Experimental results show that the considered active-cab-suspension can greatly improve ride comfort. But they also show the necessity of consideration for other factors of the controlled system such as transfer functions from measurement noises to the stroke length and to the control input.Then practical design of the controller is proposed. This is based on H∞ control theory, that can achieve systematic loop shaping of multi-input/multi-output systems. The controlled system is augmented with frequency weightings to state its design as standard output feedback H∞ control problem. Relations between these weightings and some significant transfer functions of the system are mentioned. Decision of weightings is proceeded so that they shapes these transfer functions desirably. Simulations and experiments using measured actual vehicle acceleration data confirm that the resulting system has remarkable improvement of ride comfort with the limited stroke length, and high robustness against measurement noises. This shows validity of application of H∞ control theory to designing a controller of the active-cab-suspension.
Pharmacological Aspects of the Enzastaurin-Pemetrexed Combination in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (2009)

Conventional regimens have limited impact against NSCLC. Current research is focusing on multiple pathways as potential targets, and this review describes pharmacological aspects underlying the combination of the PKCbeta-inhibitor enzastaurin with the multitargeted antifolate pemetrexed. Pemetrexed is commonly used, alone or combined with platinum compounds, in NSCLC treatment, and ongoing studies are evaluating its target, thymidylate synthase (TS), as predictor of drug activity. Enzastaurin is a biological targeted agent being actively investigated against different tumors as single agent or in combination. All the downstream events following PKCbeta inhibition by enzastaurin are not completely known, and assays to evaluate possible biomarkers, such as expression of PKC, VEGF and GSK3beta, in tissues and/or in blood samples, are being developed. Enzastaurin-pemetrexed combination was synergistic in preclinical models, including NSCLC cells, where enzastaurin reduced phosphoCdc25C, resulting in G2/M-checkpoint abrogation, and Akt and GSK3beta; phosphorylation, favoring apoptosis induction in pemetrexed-damaged cells. Enzastaurin also significantly reduced VEGF secretion and pemetrexed-induced upregulation of TS expression, possibly via E2F-1 reduction, while the combination decreased TS activity. Similarly, the accumulation of deoxyuridine (a marker of TS inhibition) and the reduction of GSK3beta phosphorylation were detectable in clinical samples from a phase-Ib trial of pemetrexed-enzastaurin combination. In conclusion, the favorable toxicity profile and the multiple effects of enzastaurin on signaling pathways involved in cell cycle control, apoptosis and angiogenesis, as well as on proteins involved in pemetrexed activity, provide experimental basis for future studies on enzastaurin-pemetrexed combination and their possible pharmacodynamic markers in NSCLC patients.
Calibration of Airblast Sprayers (1969)

This document is Circular 1435, one of a series of the Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Date reprinted with permission: April 2003. Circular 1435/AE238: Calibration of Airblast Sprayers (ufl.edu)
Long-range Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals Cancer Cell Growth Regulatory Chimeric mRNA (2012)

mRNA chimeras from chromosomal translocations often play a role as transforming oncogenes. However, cancer transcriptomes also contain mRNA chimeras that may play a role in tumor development, which arise as transcriptional or post-transcriptional events. To identify such chimeras, we developed a deterministic screening strategy for long-range sequence analysis. High-throughput, long-read sequencing was then performed on cDNA libraries from major tumor histotypes and corresponding normal tissues. These analyses led to the identification of 378 chimeras, with an unexpectedly high frequency of expression (≈2 x 10(-5) of all mRNA). Functional assays in breast and ovarian cancer cell lines showed that a large fraction of mRNA chimeras regulates cell replication. Strikingly, chimeras were shown to include both positive and negative regulators of cell growth, which functioned as such in a cell-type-specific manner. Replication-controlling chimeras were found to be expressed by most cancers from breast, ovary, colon, uterus, kidney, lung, and stomach, suggesting a widespread role in tumor development.
Scalable Overlay Multicast Tree Construction for QoS-Constrained Media Streaming (2006)

Overlay networks have become popular in recent times for content distribution and end-system multicasting of me-dia streams. In the latter case, the motivation is based on the lack of widespread deployment of IP multicast and the ability to perform end-host processing. However, construct-ing routes between various end-hosts, so that data can be streamed from content publishers to many thousands of sub-scribers is still a challenging problem. First, any routes be-tween end-hosts using trees built on top of overlay networks can increase stress on the underlying physical network, due to multiple instances of the same data traversing a given physical link. Second, because overlay routes between end-hosts may traverse physical network links more than once, they increase the end-to-end latency compared to IP-level routing. Third, algorithms for constructing efficient, large-scale trees that reduce link stress and latency are typically more complex. This paper therefore compares various methods to con-struct multicast trees between end-systems, that vary in terms of implementation costs and their quality of mapping from logical overlay to physical network. We describe sev-eral algorithms that make trade-offs between algorithmic complexity, physical link stress and latency. While no al-gorithm is best in all three cases we show how it is possi-ble to efficiently build trees for several thousand subscribers with latencies within a factor of two of the optimal, and link stresses comparable to, or better than, existing technolo-gies.
Seasonal changes in proteolytic activity of calpains in striated muscles of long-tailed ground squirrel Spermophilus undulatus (2017)

Seasonal changes in proteolytic activity and content of calpains in striated muscles of the longtailed ground squirrel Spermophilus undulatus were studied by casein zymography and Western blotting analysis. The results testify to hyperactivation of calpain proteases in the skeletal muscles of awakened animals during the "winter" activity. The observed changes are discussed in the context of adaptation of skeletal muscles of long-tailed ground squirrels to hibernation.
EBSP, Progress in Technique and Applications (1993)

To measure grain orientation in SEM with high accuracy a new EBSP calibration software is developed. Grain orientation determination is simply based on marking three zone axes in the live EBSP. The EBSP‐technique has been applied to study misorientation between subgrains in high purity and commercially pure aluminium. The lattice curvatures, which develop during deformation, increase with the amount of deformation. During annealing the subgrains grow, resulting in an increased average neighbouring misorientation due to misorientation accumulation.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL 126 TREATMENT AND CYTOCHROME P4501A ACTIVITY IN CHICKENS, AS MEASURED BY IN VIVO CAFFEINE AND EX VIVO ETHOXYRESORUFIN METABOLISM (1999)

Cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) activity is often used as a biomarker of exposure of wildlife to polyhalogenated diaromatic hydrocarbons (PHDHs) and is usually measured ex vivo in liver tissue. A caffeine breath test with radiolabelled substrate (14C-CBT) has been developed to measure in vivo avian CYP1A activity. Research goals were to develop stable isotope methods (13C-CBT), determine dose-response relationships between caffeine N-demethylation (CNDM) and PHDH exposure, and assess the relative utility of the CBT and ex vivo ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assay. The 13C-CBT methods were developed with 20 chickens (Gallus domesticus). Chickens received three intraperitoneal injections of 0, 1, 5, or 50 μg 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachloro-biphenyl (PCB 126)/kg body weight, and CNDM was quantified by measurement of 13CO2/12CO2 in expired breath. The 13C-CBT was not as sensitive or specific as the EROD assay as an indicator of PHDH exposure and effect in birds. Constitutive CNDM of great interindividual variability was observed, and the magnitude of induction was greater for EROD activity than for CNDM (approximately 1,000- and 2-fold, respectively). Variability associated with baseline 13CO2/12CO2 ratios in expired breath reduced the sensitivity of the 13C-CBT method.