gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enrichment (2017)

Recent work in semantics and pragmatics posits a range of enrichment processes affecting the interpretation of virtually all utterances. Enrichment has been one of the most contentious issues in semantics and pragmatics for past decade, with many objecting to idea that pragmatic processes have a large role in deriving the explicit content. Certain theorists, while sharing the view of advocates of enrichment that explicit content corresponds to the utterance's intuitive truth-conditional content, deny that free pragmatic processes contribute to this level of content. Assignment of values to indexicals is obligatory, so, if pragmatic process appears obligatory, it is plausible that it is indeed mandated by the presence of an indexical – a covert one – in the sentence uttered. The chapter concludes that while there may be a limited amount of indexicality, the indexicalists' strategy looks highly unlikely to cover the full range of cases, from the provision of unarticulated constituents through ad hoc concept construction to predicate transfer.
A Major Origin of Cyclic Energy Conversion Variations in SI Engines: Cycle-by-Cycle Variations of the Equivalence Ratio and Residual Gas of the Initial Charge (1994)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">It is demonstrated that the cycle-by-cycle variations in the IMEP of a realistic automobile engine with port fuel injection are dominated by the cyclic fluctuations of the equivalence ratio and residual gas content of the initial charge at least for certain operating conditions. A new spontaneous Raman scattering technique yields simultaneously the densities of fuel, O<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>, and H<sub>2</sub>O prior to ignition. In-cylinder equivalence ratio and residual gas content are determined quantitatively with high precision by ratios of densities. Prior-cycle effects are observed and explained by the properties of the initial charge. The results show that cyclic variability can be explained and may he consequently reduced by the help of the new measurement system.</div>
Square-Wave Voltammetric Determination of Uric Acid by Catalytic Oxidation at a Perfluorosulfonated Ionomer/Ruthenium Oxide Pyrochlore Chemically Modified Electrode (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSquare-Wave Voltammetric Determination of Uric Acid by Catalytic Oxidation at a Perfluorosulfonated Ionomer/Ruthenium Oxide Pyrochlore Chemically Modified ElectrodeJyh-Myng. Zen and Jen-Sen. TangCite this: Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 11, 1892–1895Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00107a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00107a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views311Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of Brain Natriuretic Peptide in the Diagnosis of Heart Failure (2000)

A diagnosis of heart failure (HF) can be difficult, especially in patients with mild symptomatology. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the significance of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in the diagnosis of HF with systolic or isolated diastolic ventricular dysfunction. One hundred patients and 9 controls were included in the study. Eighty-five patients were diagnosed with HF, based on clinical and echocardiographic findings. BNP levels were accurate for the diagnosis of HF, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.92. In addition, BNP levels showed an excellent accuracy for the diagnosis of isolated diastolic HF (AUC = 0.89). These data suggest that the measurement of BNP levels may be helpful in the diagnosis of HF and in selecting patients for further evaluation. Furthermore, BNP measurement can play an important role in the diagnosis of isolated diastolic HF.
Patenting lives (2007)

Dr Johanna Gibson is the lead researcher of the Patenting Lives Research Project at the Queen Mary Intellectual Property Research Institute, University of London. The Patenting Lives Research Project aims to gather together interdisciplinary experts to consider intellectual property protections and restrictions on life forms, and particularly the impact on developing and least developed countries. Dr Gibson created Patenting Lives to encourage input into her research interests and concerns. This online forum is a way to increase dissemination of related information and create public awareness of relevant issues. The blog is hosted on Blogger's popular Blogspot website which means that it is easily accessible online and searchable on Google (Blogger's parent company). The interface is cleanly laid out. Other than simple pictures and hyperlinks to supplement the content of the posts, there are no flashy graphics or advertisements to distract its readers. This blog is regularly updated. New postings usually...
Successful treatment of human genital herpes infections with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (1979)

Thirty-six women with genital herpes infections (proved by virological or cytological means) were treated in a double-blind placebo-controlled study with the glucose analogue 2-deoxy-D-glucose for a three-week period. In initial mucocutaneous cases, 89% were cured, with two recurrences after 24 months; in the case of recurrent or secondary infections, 90% had a notable improvement manifested by no or less-frequent recurrences, fewer lesions, or shortened duration of symptoms. In initial infections, discomfort cleared within 12 to 72 hours of therapy; 90% of the patients were asymptomatic within four days. In both cases, virus shedding was notably reduced by 2-deoxy-D-glucose. Concomitant controls treated with placebos failed to respond within this time frame. The use of 2-deoxy-D-glucose provides a simple and unique approach to the treatment of genital herpesvirus infections. (<i>JAMA</i>241:2798-2801, 1979)
[Analysis of risk factors of patients with chronic liver failure complicated invasive fungal infections]. (2009)

Patients with CLF complicated IFI have poor progress and prognosis. The effective prevent methods are treating primary disease actively, reducing hospital days, detecting patients' body fluids closely, identifying source of infection as early as possible, using antibiotics correctly, reducing or avoiding invasive operation, using immunoactivators and disinfecting air regularly.
CDC: el repte del dia després (1999)

We have described the study of a small kindred with X-linked hemophilia A. It was ascertained through a clinically affected female, the daughter of a man with moderately severe hemophilia. The pedigree and the proband's phenotype suggest that she may be a heterozygote in whom most of the normal alleles at the VIII-1 locus are not active. She has two sisters, also obligatory carriers. The three sisters exhibit the three phenotypes possible for heterozygous females: clinically affected, clinically normal but phenotypically abnormal as determined by laboratory tests, and clinically and phenotypically normal.
Difluoromethyl 2-Pyridyl Sulfone: A New <i>gem-</i>Difluoroolefination Reagent for Aldehydes and Ketones (2010)

Difluoromethyl 2-pyridyl sulfone, a previously unknown compound, was found to act as a novel and efficient gem-difluoroolefination reagent for both aldehydes and ketones. It was found that the fluorinated sulfinate intermediate in the reaction is relatively stable, which can be observed by (19)F NMR and trapped with CH(3)I.
Real-time spacecraft simulation and hardware-in-the-loop testing (2002)

The integration of flight hardware with real-time simulations increases spacecraft attitude control systems (ACS) reliability by providing greater test coverage through end-to-end testing in a realistic test environment. The paper describes a laboratory environment for development and testing spacecraft ACS and components, with emphasis on the real-time software architecture using RT-Linux. The environment included real-time control and data acquisition applications on a network of RT-Linux computers, Matrix/sub X/ control system design automation tools for real-time simulation and hardware-in-the-loop testing, and special test equipment. Hard real-time tasks with periods of 60 microseconds to 1 second were implemented using RT-Linux with a rate monotonic scheduler. This facility is currently being used for end-to-end tests on the Odin spacecraft ACS flight hardware, and work is in progress to support ACS R&D and Canadian satellite missions.
THE ENDOCANNABINOID SYSTEM: PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY (2004)

The endogenous cannabinoid system is an ubiquitous lipid signalling system that appeared early in evolution and which has important regulatory functions throughout the body in all vertebrates. The main endocannabinoids (endogenous cannabis-like substances) are small molecules derived from arachidonic acid, anandamide (arachidonoylethanolamide) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol. They bind to a family of G-protein-coupled receptors, of which the cannabinoid CB(1) receptor is densely distributed in areas of the brain related to motor control, cognition, emotional responses, motivated behaviour and homeostasis. Outside the brain, the endocannabinoid system is one of the crucial modulators of the autonomic nervous system, the immune system and microcirculation. Endocannabinoids are released upon demand from lipid precursors in a receptor-dependent manner and serve as retrograde signalling messengers in GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses, as well as modulators of postsynaptic transmission, interacting with other neurotransmitters, including dopamine. Endocannabinoids are transported into cells by a specific uptake system and degraded by two well-characterized enzymes, the fatty acid amide hydrolase and the monoacylglycerol lipase. Recent pharmacological advances have led to the synthesis of cannabinoid receptor agonists and antagonists, anandamide uptake blockers and potent, selective inhibitors of endocannabinoid degradation. These new tools have enabled the study of the physiological roles played by the endocannabinoids and have opened up new strategies in the treatment of pain, obesity, neurological diseases including multiple sclerosis, emotional disturbances such as anxiety and other psychiatric disorders including drug addiction. Recent advances have specifically linked the endogenous cannabinoid system to alcoholism, and cannabinoid receptor antagonism now emerges as a promising therapeutic alternative for alcohol dependence and relapse.
A survey on behavior analysis in video surveillance for homeland security applications (2008)

Surveillance cameras are inexpensive and everywhere these days but the manpower required to monitor and analyze them is expensive. Consequently the videos from these cameras are usually monitored sparingly or not at all; they are often used merely as archive, to refer back to once an incident is known to have taken place. Surveillance cameras can be a far more useful tool if instead of passively recording footage, they can be used to detect events requiring attention as they happen, and take action in real time. This is the goal of automated visual surveillance: to obtain a description of what is happening in a monitored area, and then to take appropriate action based on that interpretation. Video surveillance for humans is one of the most active research topics in computer vision. It has a wide spectrum of promising homeland security applications. Video management and interpretation systems have become quite capable in recent years. This paper looks into how hardware and software can be put together to solve surveillance problems in an age of increased concern with public safety and security. In general, the framework of a video surveillance system includes the following stages: modeling of environments, detection of motion, classification of moving objects, tracking, behavior understanding and description, and fusion of information from multiple cameras. Despite recent progress in computer vision and other related areas, there are still major technical challenges to be overcome before reliable automated video surveillance can be realized. This paper reviews developments and general strategies of stages involved in video surveillance, and analyzes the feasibility and challenges for combining motion analysis, behavior analysis, and standoff biometrics for identification of known suspects, anomaly detection, and behavior understanding.
Implementing an application-specific credential platform using late-launched mobile trusted module (2010)

Contemporary trusted execution environments provide a good foundation for implementing secure user credentials, but these are not properly bound to the application instances that implement their use. This paper introduces a framework for application-specific credentials and provides a prototype implementation using TCG MTM and DRTM technologies. Measurements and a security analysis is presented for the realised architecture.
Mechanical Properties of Partially Dense Alumina Produced from Powder Compacts (1994)

The elastic modulus ( E ), the critical strain energy release rate ( G c ), and the flexural strength (σ) have been determined for two partially dense alumina bodies produced from the same powder but with different initial densities. The mechanical properties were measured for specimens fabricated at four different relative densities. The measured elastic modulus, critical strain energy release rate, and a calculated critical stress intensity factor ( K c ) were observed to be linearly related to (ρ–ρ 0 )/(1 –ρ 0 ), where ρ is the current relative density and ρ 0 is the initial relative density of the powder compact. With the observed linear relations for E, G c (or K c ), and the assumption that the crack length responsible for failure was present in the initial powder compact and shrunk in proportion to the relative density change, a Griffith equation was constructed to estimate the strength at any relative density. This relation was in good agreement with measurements.
Bildungsungleichheit im Sozialen Wandel (1997)

Im Unterschied zu der in der Literatur weithin verbreiteten These konstanter Ungleichheiten zeigt dieser Beitrag, daß seit der Zwischenkriegszeit und den ersten Nachkriegsjahren die Unterschiede zwischen verschiedenen Bevölkerungsgruppen in der Bildungsbeteiligung und in den erworbenen Bildungsabschlüssen deutlich kleiner geworden sind. Die Analyse sukzessiver Übergänge zwischen den verschiedenen Stufen des Bildungswesens belegt, daß die Ungleichheit insbesondere durch einen Abbau der sozialen Beteiligungsdifferentiale beim Übergang zu den weiterführenden Schulen und beim Erwerb der Mittleren Reife geringer geworden ist. Als Folge haben aber auch die Ungleichheiten beim Erwerb des Abiturs und von Hochschulabschlüssen abgenommen. Die Ungleichheitsreduktion ist unterschiedlich stark nach unterschiedlichen Ungleichheitsdimensionen und sie variiert in unterschiedlichen Phasen der Nachkriegsentwicklung. Aus der Konstellation der Befunde werden spezifische Hypothesen zur Erklärung des Ungleichheitsabbaus diskutiert.
Repercusiones urbanas del envejecimiento de la población en España (2007)

Este trabajo trata de identificar, a partir de los estudios y las investigaciones disponibles en la literatura espanola, las respuestas a una serie de interrogantes: ?como se integran las personas mayores en la ciudad y de que forma, a mediada que avanza la edad, llegado el caso, modifican y ordenan sus practicas y comportamientos?, ?como usan el espacio urbano?, ?que estrategias residenciales adoptan en vistas a la jubilacion?, o ?en que medida las dificultades de acceso a la ciudad empuja a los mayores a un mayor ensimismamiento? Por otra parte, desde una optica mas prospectiva se tratara de identificar las repercusiones de los nuevos usos de la ciudad. ; Aquest treball vol identificar, a partir dels estudis i les investigacions disponibles dins la literatura espanyola, les respostes a un conjunt d'interrogants: com s'integren les persones grans a la ciutat i de quina forma, a mesura que avanca l'edat, arribats al cas, modifiquen i ordenen les seves practiques i comportaments?, com utilitzen l'espai urba?, quines estrategies residencials utilitzen en vistes a la jubilacio?, o en quina mesura les dificultats d'acces a la ciutat forcen a les persones grans a recloure's en si mateixes? Per una altra banda, des d'una optica mes prospectiva s'identifiquen les repercussions dels nous usos de la ciutat. ; The purpose of this paper is to identify, from available Spanish investigations and literature, the answers to the following questions: how is the integration of the elderly into the city? Are there any behavioral changes as they get older? How do they make use of the urban space? Which are the residence strategies they adopt in their retirement? How access barriers to the city drive them to a greater engrossment? On the other hand, the consequences of the new city uses are also going to be identified from a more prospective approach.
The Preparation of N-Substituted Diamines<sup>1</sup> (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of N-Substituted Diamines1Emerson L. Wittbecker, Ray C. Houtz, and W. W. WatkinsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 3, 579–581Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01195a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01195a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views126Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Chemical comparison of different Farfarae Flos by NMR-based metabolomic approaches]. (2015)

1H NMR-based metabolomic approach combined with multivariate statistical analysis was used to evaluate the quality of 21 Farfarae Flos (FF) samples from different growth regions. Principal component analysis showed that wild and cultivated FF could be separated clearly, suggesting a big chemical difference existed between them. Supervised PLS-DA analysis indicated that the wild samples showed higher levels of secondary metabolites, such as bauer-7-ene-3β, 16α-diol, chlorogenic acid, rutin, 7-(3'-ethylcrotonoyloxy)-1α-(2'-methyl-butyryloxy)-3, 14-dehydro-Z-notonipetranone (EMDNT), tussilagone, β-sitosterol and sitosterone. This is consistent with traditional experience that the quality of wild samples are better than that of cultivated ones. The content of pyrrolizidine alkaloids senkirkine also differed greatly among samples from different habitats. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that senkirkine is positively correlated with 4, 5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,4-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, rutin, kampferol analogues, to a statistically significant extent. The correlation between the toxic compounds and the bioactive components in FF should be further studied.
Measuring Dyadic Adjustment: New Scales for Assessing the Quality of Marriage and Similar Dyads (1976)

This study reports on the development of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, a new measure for assessing the quality of marriage and other similar dyads. The 32-item scale is designed for use with either married or unmarried cohabiting couples. Despite widespread criticisms of the concept of adjustment, the study proceeds from the pragmatic position that a new measure, which is theoretically grounded, relevant, valid, and highly reliable, is necessary since marital and dyadic adjustment continue to be researched. This factor analytic study tests a conceptual definition set forth in eariler work and suggests the existence of four empirically verified components of dyadic adjustment which can be used as subscales [dyadic satisfaction, dyadic cohesion, dyadic consensus and affectional expression]. Evidence is presented suggesting content, criterion-related, and construct validity. High scale reliability is reported. The possibility of item weighting is considered and endorsed as a potential measurement technique, but it not adopted for the present Dyadic Adjustment Scale. It is concluded that the Dyadic Adjustment Scale represents a significant improvement over other measures of marital adjustment, but a number of troublesome methodological issues remain for future research.
Frequency/depth-penetration considerations in hyperthermia by magnetically induced currents (1980)

An exact solution is presented for the magnetic field intensity within a conducting cylinder in an oscillating external magnetic field parallel to the cylinder axis. The numerical results given imply that, in clinical hyperthermia, frequencies up to 13.56 MHz can be used without a major loss of depth penetration.
Organization of bulk power markets: A concept paper (1995)

The electricity industry in the US today is at a crossroads. The restructuring debate going on in most regions has made it clear that the traditional model of vertically integrated firms serving defined franchise areas and regulated by state commissions may not be the pattern for the future. The demands of large customers seeking direct access to power markets, the entry of new participants, and proposed reforms of the regulatory process all signify a momentum for fundamental change in the organization of the industry. This paper addresses electricity restructuring from the perspective of bulk power markets. The authors focus attention on the organization of electricity trade and the various ways it has been and might be conducted. Their approach concentrates on conceptual models and empirical case studies, not on specific proposals made by particular utilities or commissions. They review literature in economics and power system engineering that is relevant to the major questions. The objective is to provide conceptual background to industry participants, e.g. utility staff, regulatory staff, new entrants, who are working on specific proposals. While they formulate many questions, they do not provide definitive answers on most issues. They attempt to put the industry restructuring dialogue in a neutral setting, translating the language of economists for engineers and vice versa. Towards this end they begin with a review of the basic economic institutions in the US bulk power markets and a summary of the engineering practices that dominate trade today.