gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence for the existence of covalent nucleotide-thymidylate synthase complexes, identification of site of attachment, and enhancement by folates. (1986)

The formation of covalent binary complexes of thymidylate synthase and its nucleotide substrate dUMP, product dTMP, and inhibitor, 5-fluorodeoxyuridylate (FdUMP) was investigated using the trichloroacetic acid precipitation method. It was observed that, in addition to FdUMP, both dUMP and dTMP were capable of covalent interactions with the enzyme in the absence of added folates. The presence of folate, dihydrofolate, or tetrahydrofolate (H4folate) was found to produce substantial enhancements in the covalent binding of both FdUMP and dUMP to the enzyme with H4folate being the most effective agent. Further, covalent binary complexes of the enzyme with the three radiolabeled nucleotides were isolated by trichloroacetic acid precipitation and subjected to CNBr cleavage. The active-site CNBr peptide was isolated by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, and the first five N-terminal amino acid residues were sequenced by the dansyl-Edman procedure. Each active site peptide obtained from the covalent binary complexes as well as that from the covalent inhibitory ternary complex formed from enzyme, FdUMP, and 5,10-methylene-H4folate exhibited an identical sequence of Ala-Leu-Pro-Pro-(X)-, and the 5th amino acid was found to be associated with radiolabeled nucleotide ligand. Dansyl-Edman sequence analysis of the active site CNBr peptide, derived from enzyme which had been treated with iodoacetic acid, gave a sequence of Ala-Leu-Pro-Pro-CmCys (where CmCys is carboxymethylcysteine), thus confirming the fact that the fifth residue from the N terminus is Cys-198. In all the cases, the active site Cys-198 residue was found to be covalently linked to the nucleotides. These results provide unequivocal proof that the covalent binary complexes of enzyme with dUMP and dTMP predicted in the catalytic reaction mechanism actually exist.
Predicting classifier performance with a small training set: Applications to computer-aided diagnosis and prognosis (2010)

Selection of an appropriate classifier for computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) applications has typically been an ad hoc process. It is difficult to know a priori which classifier will yield high accuracies for a specific application, especially when well-annotated data for classifier training is scarce. In this study, we utilize an inverse power-law model of statistical learning to predict classifier performance when only limited amounts of annotated training data is available. The objectives of this study are to (a) predict classifier error in the context of different CAD problems when larger data cohorts become available, and (b) compare classifier performance and trends (both at the sample/patient level and at the pixel level) as additional data is accrued (such as in a clinical trial). In this paper we utilize a power law model to evaluate and compare various classifiers (Support Vector Machine (SVM), C4.5 decision tree, k-nearest neighbor) for four distinct CAD problems. The first two datasets deal with sample/patient-level classification for distinguishing between (1) high from low grade breast cancers and (2) high from low levels of lymphocytic infiltration in breast cancer specimens. The other two datasets are pixel-level classification problems for discriminating cancerous and non-cancerous regions on prostate (3) MRI and (4) histopathology. Our empirical results suggest that, given sufficient training data, SVMs tend to be the best classifiers. This was true for datasets (1), (2), and (3), while the C4.5 decision tree was the best classifier for dataset (4). Our results also suggest that results of classifier comparison made on small data cohorts should not be generalized as holding true when large amounts of data become available.
The chemical utilization of fats and oils. III. Ester‐amides of certain aminoalcohols as plasticizers (1955)

Summary A number of ester‐amides and diester‐amides of aminoalcohols were prepared and evaluated as plasticizers. Screening tests established the necessity of a secondary amine group in the aminoalcohol to impart the desired degree of compatibility with vinyl resins. Optimum plasticizer properties were attained with the C 8 and C 10 diester‐amides of diethanolamine. The mixture of caprylic and capric acids as obtained from coconut oil was convenient and economical.
Recent developments in scientific balloon quality assurance (1997)

Recent growth of Raven Manufacturing operations has not only introduced new people and quality issues to the environment, but new ideas about assessing and improving the quality of balloons as well. This paper will explore some of those new ideas. In particular:
Direct Organocatalytic Asymmetric α‐Sulfenylation of Activated CH Bonds in Lactones, Lactams, and β‐Dicarbonyl Compounds (2005)

The application of cinchona alkaloid derivatives as catalysts for enantioselective alpha-sulfenylation of activated C-H bonds in lactones, lactams, and beta-dicarbonyl compounds by different electrophilic sulfur reagents is presented. Optically active products are obtained in good to excellent yields and up to 91 % ee. Furthermore, the diastereoselective reduction of alpha-sulfenylated beta-keto esters to give optically active alpha-sulfenylated beta-hydroxy esters has been studied. A model for the intermediate is presented, in which the protonated cinchona alkaloid interacts with the substrate leading to face-shielding in accordance with the enantioselective alpha-sulfenylation step.
Sampling Submicrometer Particles Suspended in Near Sonic and Supersonic Free Jets (1980)

This paper is concerned with sampling submicrometer particles in perisonic flows. The study employed a high volume (30-45 L/min) condensation aerosol generator to produce stearic acid particles having a mean diameter of 0.8μm and a geometric standard deviation of 1.28. The aerosol was diluted with dry air and accelerated to Mach 0.6, 0.8, 1.26, or 1.47 through a flow nozzle. Aerosol mass concentrations were determined using a small bore probe in the jet and by a large bore probe sampling isokinetically upstream of the jet nozzle. The results of both samples were compared to compute the sampling error associated with I ho high spood jot sample. The mass of stearic acid colloctod on polycarbonate mombrono flltors was determined by gravimoirlc and chromalogrophlc mothods. Studies at Mach 0.8 with four sampling probes having Inlet wall to bore area ratios ranging from 3.8 to 0.28 (a knife edge) demonstrated that probe wall thickness effects are not significant when the sample is extracted isokinetically. Subisokinetic experiments using the knife edged probe showed relative errors of 124 ± 12% when sampling at 2 0% of the isokinetic condition. The subisokinetic results are compared favorably with the extended empirical results of other authors. For the supersonic cases it is shown that the subsonic velocity downstream of the sampling probe bow shock can be used in estimating the sampling error.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON ELECTROLYTIC SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS PART 9, ANODIC CYANATION OF AROMATIC ETHERS AND AMINES IN EMULSIONS WITH THE AID OF PHASE TRANSFER AGENTS (1975)

Di- und Trimethoxybenzole lassen sich durch anodische Oxidation in Gegenwart von NaCN in einem emulgierten, Tetrabutylammoniumhydrogensulfat enthaltenden System (CH, C12 /H2O) CN-substituieren, wie z.B. der Äther (I) unter Bildung der Nitrile (II) und (III).
Frequency doubling: blue light and UV generation in periodically poled LiTaO/sub 3// LiNbO/sub 3/ (2002)

A novel structure for a quasi-phase-matched-second harmonic generation (QPM-SHG) device with a high-index-clad waveguide is shown. The periodic domain inversion was fabricated in LiTaO/sub 3/ using selective proton-exchange followed by quick heat treatment, which has advantages of uniform periodicity over large area, and is a good combination with a low loss proton-exchanged waveguide. To achieve strong confinement and efficient overlap between fundamental and SH wave, we have proposed a high-index-clad waveguide, Using a Nb/sub 2/O/sub 5/ film as the clad layer, harmonic blue light of 10 mW at a wavelength of 425 nm was obtained for a conversion efficiency of 280% W. Recently, to achieve further improvement in conversion efficiency and output power, we focused our attention on X-cut MgO:LiNbO/sub 3/, which has advantages of larger nonlinear coefficient, higher damage threshold, and potential to achieve low-loss coupling with the laser diode of transverse-electric mode oscillation. We have succeeded in fabricating a first-order QPM waveguide in X-cut MgO:LiNbO/sub 3/ utilizing two-dimensional high-voltage application that produces deep domains with uniform periodicity over long interaction length. Using this domain structure with the high-index-clad proton-exchanged waveguide, efficient harmonic blue light of 5.5 mW at 434 nm wavelength was generated for a normalized conversion efficiency of 1200% W.cm/sup 2/.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium Complex‐Catalyzed Highly Selective Co‐Oligomerization of Alkenes (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Impact of buffer and absorber properties in the vicinity of the interface on wide-gap Cu(In,Ga)Se<inf>2</inf> solar cell performance (2014)

One of the main reasons for the V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> deficit in Cu(In,Ga)Se <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (CIGS) solar cells with a wide band gap is often attributed to interface recombination, which is a consequence of the defective heterointerface and encouraged by the non-ideal band alignment between the absorber and the CdS layer. Although a highly defective heterointerface is likely not avoidable, some properties of the buffer layer and the absorber material in the vicinity of the interface could decrease the recombination losses. Compositional variations in CIGS can result in a band gap increase at the absorber/buffer interface and type inversion in the absorber layer. Simulations predict the optimal depth of type inversion on wide band gap CIGS devices and the magnitude of device performance increase that can be expected from such structures. In addition, the benefit of the decreased thickness and increased doping of the buffer layer is calculated. The results are compared with a “standard” 1.15-eV CIGS device, where the benefits of such variations are significantly smaller.
The Role of Nitrite and Carboxylate Ions in Repressing Diesel Engine Cylinder Cavitation Corrosion (1998)

Opioid receptors play a role in inhibition of bladder overactivity during SNM. Combining SNM with tramadol could be a novel treatment modality for overactive bladder.
Configuration of the .beta.-carbon atoms of the .beta.-methyllanthionine residues in nisin (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConfiguration of the .beta.-carbon atoms of the .beta.-methyllanthionine residues in nisinJohn L. Morell and Erhard. GrossCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 19, 6480–6481Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00800a069https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00800a069research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views67Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Health Care Disparity and IBD Outcomes: Does Insurance Status Affect Measures of Disease Activity in Crohn Disease? (2012)

Purpose: We recently completed a retrospective case-control study showing a significant association between obesity and endoscopic disease activity in Crohn's (CD). This association was independent of age, gender, ethnicity, and disease duration and observation period. Because lower socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with obesity, we tested whether higher SES is independently associated with lower endoscopic disease activity in CD. Methods: Health insurance status was used as a measure of SES as we were not able to find complete data on income, highest education attained or profession. Balanced sampling was maintained with no significant demographic or clinical differences detected between cases and controls. Despite a fixed sample size of 104, this was sufficient to power (>80%) to detect a clinically meaningful 15% difference in effect size of insurance status between the two groups with alpha of 5%. Eligible patients were >19 years old, and had BMI and endoscopic data at beginning and end of the observation (2005-2010). We compared patients with active ulcerating endoscopic disease (cases) to those in endoscopic remission (controls) at the end of observation based on insurance status and type of insurance using chi-square testing. Adjusted logistic regression models were examined to evaluate effect of insurance status and type of insurance on endoscopic disease. The level of significance was assessed at p < 0.05 that was not adjusted for multiplicity of testing as insurance status constituted additional data. Results: 36 cases and 68 controls were identified. 78% vs. 84% of the cases and controls held health insurance respectively (P=0.448). 58% vs. 62% of cases vs. controls had private health insurance (P=0.733). Logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, disease duration, observation period and obesity failed to demonstrate any significant impact of health insurance on endoscopic disease while controlling for its effect as a confounding variable. CD patients without health insurance were not more likely to have increased mucosal disease (OR=1.15 95%CI 0.39-3.88 P=0.798) than those with insurance. Similarly, CD patients without private health insurance were no more likely to have worse endoscopic disease than those with private insurance (OR=0.90 95%CI 0.36-2.24 P=0.818). Conclusion: Despite the observation that patients with active endoscopic disease were less likely to hold either private or public health insurance compared to those in remission, the differences were not statistically significant. Other measures of SES such as income and education level may also need to be assessed prospectively to further clarify environmental interactions with disease outcome.
Internationalized Electronic Mail Addresses in RFC5280 / X.509 Certificates (2016)

Specifies support for email address internationalization in RFC5280 /
X.509 certificates. This defines an encoding for Unicode email local-
part characters in certificate Subject Alternative Names and Issuer
Alternative rfc822Names. The encoding is backwards compatible with
existing practices with rfc822Name.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Combustion of Methane over Palladium Exchanged Zeolites. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of 3,6‐Diaryl‐1,2,4‐triazolo(3,4‐a)phthalazines. (1990)

Abstract The hydrazines (I) are used for the preparation of ten title compounds as is shown for the derivatives (III).
Development and Characterization of Nickel‐NTA‐Polyaniline Modified Electrodes (2005)

Abstract The engineered addition of hexa‐histidine sequences to biomolecules such as antibody fragments has been found to be an excellent means of purifying these materials. This tagging methodology has also been extended to its use as a tool for immobilization and orientation of antibodies on transducer surfaces. Polyvinyl sulfonate‐doped polyanilne (PANI/PVS) can be used as a mediator in amperometric biosensors. This short communication looks at the effect of nickel chelate materials and nickel chelation on this conducting polymer and evaluates it as a potential surface for the immobilization of his‐tagged biomolecules. N ‐nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) was doped into the electropolymerized PANI/PVS at a screen‐printed carbon paste electrode. The resulting NTA‐PANI/PVS film was shown to have comparable electrochemical properties of polymer without the chelating agent. When Ni 2+ was applied to the electrode, the incorporated NTA was found to efficiently chelate the metal ions at the electrode surface.
Antioxidant Activity of Isoacteoside from Clerodendron Trichotomum (2005)

The antioxidant properties of isoacteoside, isolated from Clerodendron trichotomum (Verbenaceae), were investigated. This compound scavenged intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, and prevented lipid peroxidation. This radical scavenging activity of isoacteoside protected cell viability of Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79-4) cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Furthermore, isoacteoside reduced the apoptotic cells formation induced by H2O2, as demonstrated by the decreased number of sub-G1 hypo-diploid cells and apoptotic cell body formation. However, isoacteoside increased the activities of cellular antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Taken together, these findings suggest that isoacteoside, isolated from C. trichotomum, possesses antioxidant properties.
Protective effects of methylcobalamin, a vitamin B12 analog, against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in retinal cell culture. (1997)

Chronic administration of methylcobalamin protects cultured retinal neurons against N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor-mediated glutamate neurotoxicity, probably by altering the membrane properties through SAM-mediated methylation.
Passivation of black silicon boron emitters with atomic layer deposited aluminum oxide (2013)

Abstract The nanostructured surface – also called black silicon (b‐Si) – is a promising texture for solar cells because of its extremely low reflectance combined with low surface recombination obtained with atomic layer deposited (ALD) thin films. However, the challenges in keeping the excellent optical properties and passivation in further processing have not been addressed before. Here we study especially the applicability of the ALD passivation on highly boron doped emitters that is present in crystalline silicon solar cells. The results show that the nanostructured boron emitters can be passivated efficiently using ALD Al 2 O 3 reaching emitter saturation current densities as low as 51 fA/cm 2 . Furthermore, reflectance values less than 0.5% after processing show that the different process steps are not detrimental for the low reflectance of b‐Si. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Qualitative and quantitative studies of the swimming behaviour of Hincksia irregularis (Phaeophyceae) spores: ecological implications and parameters for quantitative swimming assays (2001)

The capacity for motility is important for many micro-organisms, and also for macroalgal spores, because it can allow them to explore a physically and chemically heterogeneous environment and react to the perceived information by movement towards favourable conditions or away from hazardous conditions. The swimming behaviour of spores of the brown alga Hincksia irregularis was analysed using computer-assisted motion analysis. We distinguished five main swimming patterns: straight paths, search circles, orientation, gyration and wobbling. Different functions can be suggested for different swimming patterns in the context of spore settlement. Straight paths may be important in small-scale movements in the benthic boundary layer to locate suitable microenvironments. Gradients in chemical or physical parameters may be detected during search circles, and orientation should facilitate the detection of the structure of surfaces. Gyration occurs during the initial reversible phase of spore adhesion, which can ultimately lead to settlement. Wobbling patterns do not appear to be associated with settlement and may typify irritated or mechanically damaged spores. The dominant swimming pattern changed with spore age (in the period from 10 ± 5 to 60 ± 5 min of spore age), with younger spores swimming primarily in straight lines and search circles, whereas older spores swam in orientation and gyration patterns. These changes in swimming patterns can be quantified using speed (SPD), which decreases over time, and the rate of change of direction (RCD), which increases over time. We suggest that computer-assisted motion analysis is an efficient way to bioassay the influence of environmental factors on spore movements. Reaction to environmental factors can be quantified as changes in SPD and RCD of spore swimming.
Light Propagation in Gain Media (2011)

Over the past two decades, optical amplifiers have become of key importance in modern communications. In addition to this, the technology has applications in cutting-edge research such as biophotonics and lab-on-a-chip devices. This book provides a comprehensive treatment of the fundamental concepts, theory and analytical techniques behind the modern optical amplifier technology. The book covers all major optical amplification schemes in conventional materials, including the Raman and parametric gain processes. The final chapter is devoted to optical gain in metamaterials, a topic that has been attracting considerable attention in recent years. The authors emphasize analytical insights to give a deeper, more intuitive understanding of various amplification schemes. The book assumes background knowledge of electrical engineering or applied physics, including exposure to electrodynamics and wave motion, and is ideal for graduate students and researchers in physics, optics, bio-optics and communications.