gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Watermill (2005)

Relational databases watermarking aims at protecting the intellectual or industrial property of a dataset, by applying secret and slight alterations on it. When critical usability constraints of this dataset must be preserved, finding such alterations (watermarks) is a difficult computational task, which is not optimized by the current watermarking systems. This is a critical limitation when considering fingerprinting applications, where several distinct watermarked databases have to be obtained.An important property of the watermark is to be resilient to attacks that try to erase it. Among these attacks, one of the most severe is the collusion attack, that locates the watermark by comparing several distinct watermarked versions of a database. Such an attack has not been taken into account by the existing databases watermarking methods, when usability constraints have to be preserved.In this paper, we present an efficient algorithm for collusion-secure fingerprinting that preserves usability constraints. We identify a class of constraints, namely weight-independent constraints, that can be translated into an integer linear program. Solutions of this program are acceptable watermarks. This representation is computed once and for all and has the following advantages. First, we can rely on state-of-the-art optimizers to reduce the search space and quickly find a good watermark. Second, for a carefully chosen class of watermarks, producing every new watermark is immediate, compared with the complete recomputation needed by existing watermarking methods. Finally, our algorithm addresses the problem of collusion attacks, by making possible the use of collusion-secure codes while respecting usability constraints.The formalism of this article permits to handle both relational databases and XML documents. The effectiveness of our techniques has been established on our open platform Watermill, that integrates fingerprinting management capabilities to standard relational or XML-native databases systems.
Asymmetry of the temporal code for space by hippocampal place cells (2017)

Hippocampal place cells convey spatial information through spike frequency ("rate coding") and spike timing relative to the theta phase ("temporal coding"). Whether rate and temporal coding are due to independent or related mechanisms has been the subject of wide debate. Here we show that the spike timing of place cells couples to theta phase before major increases in firing rate, anticipating the animal's entrance into the classical, rate-based place field. In contrast, spikes rapidly decouple from theta as the animal leaves the place field and firing rate decreases. Therefore, temporal coding has strong asymmetry around the place field center. We further show that the dynamics of temporal coding along space evolves in three stages as the animal traverses the place field: phase coupling, sharp precession and phase decoupling. These results suggest that independent mechanisms may govern rate and temporal coding.
Factors Affecting Growth of Perennial Wall Rocket and Annual Garden Rocket (2012)

Abstract Popularity of baby leaf salad crops has increased and is likely to continue. Despite their commercial importance, cultivation of these crops is limited by a lack of appropriate production systems. It is important to establish abiotic constraints for efficient production of these crops to improve supply and quality. In separate experiments, responses of perennial wall rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia [L.] DC.) and annual garden rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) to harvest number, seasonal conditions, and fertilizer level were measured. The yield of perennial wall rocket was influenced by the interaction between the cultivar, harvest number, and season. No clear response between these factors was identified, with the highest yields for the cvs. European wild rocket [DT1] and Apollo [DT2] for the first harvest summer crop (2.7 and 2.8 kg/m2, respectively) and the cv. Nature [DT3] for the second harvest summer and spring crops (2.5 kg/m2, respectively). For annual garden rocket, there was an interaction between the yield and season with the highest yield during summer (3.3 kg/m2), followed by winter (2.7 kg/m2) and spring (1.9 kg/m2). Nitrogen rate did not affect yield or dry weight for either crop, meaning that the species require only little additional nitrogen for efficient growth, and crops may currently be overfertilized. Optimal production is achieved during spring and summer for perennial wall rocket and summer and winter for annual garden rocket, allowing for the interchangeable use of species throughout the growing seasons. The growth of perennial wall rocket improves from first to second harvest but decreases for annual garden rocket, meaning that the perennial species is better suited to at least two harvests. Keywords: Diplotaxis tenuifolia Eruca sativa arugulababy leafmulti-harvestnitrogensaladseason Acknowledgments The authors acknowledge the assistance of Magdalena Vergara in the sampling of field experiments and the editing assistance of Hayley Pearson.
New insights into ergot alkaloid biosynthesis in Claviceps purpurea: An agroclavine synthase EasG catalyses, via a non-enzymatic adduct with reduced glutathione, the conversion of chanoclavine-I aldehyde to agroclavine (2011)

Ergot alkaloids are indole derivatives with diverse structures and biological activities. They are produced by a wide range of fungi with Claviceps purpurea as the most important producer for medical use. Chanoclavine-I aldehyde is proposed as a branch point via festuclavine or pyroclavine to clavine-type alkaloids in Trichocomaceae and via agroclavine to ergoamides and ergopeptines in Clavicipitaceae. Here we report the conversion of chanoclavine-I aldehyde to agroclavine by EasG from Claviceps purpurea, a homologue of the festuclavine synthase FgaFS in Aspergillus fumigatus, in the presence of reduced glutathione and NADPH. EasG comprises 290 amino acids with a molecular mass of about 31.9 kDa. The soluble monomeric His(6)-EasG was purified after overproduction in E. coli by affinity chromatography and used for enzyme assays. The structure of agroclavine was unequivocally elucidated by NMR and MS analyses.
La etnografía, una metodología apropiada al diagnóstico de la responsabilidad social (2008)

The approach of the practices of corporate social responsibility demands a comprehensive and systemic approach that involves a study of all stakeholders of the cultural tour and also complex, which integrates human resources, fi nance, production, marketing, management,
Kaleidoquery (1998)

In this paper we describe Kaleidoquery, a visual query language for object databases with the same expressive power as OQL. We will describe the design philosophy behind the filter flow nature of Kaleidoquery and present each of the language's constructs, giving examples and relating them to OQL. The Kaleidoquery language is described independent of any implementation details, but a brief description of a 3D interface currently under construction for Kaleidoquery is presented. The queries in this implementation of the language are translated into OQL and then passed to the object database O2 for evaluation.
A reversible color transform for 16-bit-color picture coding (2004)

This paper proposes a reversible color transform for 16-bit-color (hicolor) picture coding. The work is motivated by the increasing needs of multimedia applications on low-end devices such as mobile phones and PDAs. They have limited resources and up to 16-bit displays. Current image/video coding systems can hardly manage this case effectively. To enhance coding efficiency on this condition, a reversible color transform customized for hicolor systems is derived from Y'CrCb and JPEG2000 Reversible Component Transformation (RCT). The transform proves simple but highly-decorrelating, and able to reduce the computation time of decoding. Comparison experiment demonstrates the effectiveness of this transform with equal or even higher coding efficiency on low-end devices with 16-bit display mode.
Impact of IEEE 802.11n Operation on IEEE 802.15.4 Operation (2009)

Wireless communication among sensor devices, enabled by IEEE 802.15.4 protocol, is increasingly replacing the existing wired technology in a wide range of monitoring and control applications. IEEE 802.15.4 networks typically operate in 2.4GHz ISM band, which is used by popular IEEE 802.11 (WiFi) networks as well. An overlap between the channels used by IEEE802.15.4 and IEEE 802.11 networks may adversely impact the operation of IEEE 802.15.4 since it is a low power protocol using a small channel width compared to the transmitted power levels and channel width used by IEEE 802.11. Avoiding channel overlap between IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.11 networks will become difficult once proposed IEEE 802.11n technology becomes popular. This is because an IEEE802.11n network may use two 20MHz wide channels for its operation, rather than a single 20MHz channel as is the case with other IEEE 802.11 PHY layers. In this paper, we evaluate, via test bed experiments, the impact of IEEE 802.11n operation on IEEE 802.15.4 performance when there is an overlap between the channels used by IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.11n networks.
Refractive index of In1−<i>x</i>Ga<i>x</i>As<i>y</i>P1−<i>y</i> layers and InP in the transparent wavelength region (1984)

We have measured the refractive index of InP and of liquid-phase-epitaxy–grown InGaAsP layers on InP in the transparent wavelength region using a Brewster-angle method. The dependence of the refractive index on material composition and light wavelength has been investigated for near-lattice-matched samples and compared with theoretical models. We show that both an interband transition model and a single effective oscillator model can be used to calculate the refractive index if the parameters used in the calculations are chosen properly. We have also studied the variation with lattice mismatch by varying the growth temperature. We found that a lattice mismatch variation of 10−3 corresponds to a change in the refractive index of approximately 0.02 for λg=1.20 μm layer band gap at λ=1.30 μm wavelength. Finally, we have measured the refractive index of doped InP substrates and found refractive index reductions, due to doping, of up to 0.05.
Effect of strong detergents and chaotropes on the detection of proteins in two-dimensional gels (2001)

The solubilization of a particular protein is mandatory for its subsequent resolution and detection in two-dimensional gels. However, the extraction solutions, that are compatible with the first-dimensional separation step, such as urea and 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), do not solubilize all proteins in a sample. We studied the effect of various common, strong detergents and chaotropes, widely used as solubilizing agents, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate, lithium dodecyl sulfate and guanidine hydrochloride, on the solubilization of the total and membrane proteins of the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae. The proteins solubilized with each system were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis and these of interest were identified by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). Use of sodium dodecyl sulfate, lithium dodecyl sulfate or guanidine hydrochloride for the solubilization of total proteins of the microorganism resulted in the detection of several additional spots, representing mainly outer membrane proteins, in comparison with those detected in the soluble protein fraction. Solubilization of the proteins of the cell envelope fraction with sodium dodecyl sulfate did not result in a more efficient protein detection when compared to the extraction with the urea/CHAPS system. When the dry immobilized pH gradient strips were rehydrated in a solution containing the proteins of the membrane fraction solubilized with sodium dodecyl sulfate or lithium dodecyl sulfate, a larger number of protein spots were detected in comparison with strips that were rehydrated in the urea/CHAPS solution. However, no improvement was observed in comparison with protein application in sample cups. The additional proteins detected with the use of strong detergents and chaotropes are in the majority difficult to solubilize and less hydrophobic proteins.
IPv6 over IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) Networks: Facts and Challenges (2008)

Deploying the new generation Protocol (IPv6) over 802.16-based wireless networks is facing an important challenge as the IEEE 802.16 standard is failing to support IPv6 functionalities. In fact, unlike the other 802 standards, the IEEE 802.16 is based on a point-to- multipoint (PMP) communication model, where no direct connection (at the MAC layer) is possible between two stations, all communications pass through the Base Station. As a result, the 802.16 standard is unable to handle any form of IP multicast (group) communication, and hence it can not sustain the new functionality of IPv6, namely auto- configuration mechanism, which particularly relies on IP multicast communication. In this paper, we present different architectures to consider when deploying IPv6 over wireless broadband network, such as WiMAX. Also, we point out challenges and solutions related to this deployment, by focusing particularly on solutions proposed by the 16ng IETF group, which aims to establish an Internet RFC on deploying IPv6 over IEEE 802.16.
Developing wisdom and moral duty in management (2011)

Purpose The primary purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the writings of Aristotle and Cicero can be used to as a conceptual tool to promote an understanding of wisdom, moral duty, and related subjects in respect to contemporary business management practice. Design/methodology/approach The methodology comprised a critical reading and analysis of Aristotle's Nichomachean Ethics and Cicero's De Officiis ( On Duties ). The approach combines both historical and philosophical research. An earlier version of the paper was presented to a group of early/middle managers, and then to a group of more senior/experienced managers. Findings Both groups supported the idea that the article was appropriate for highlighting moral issues in contemporary business management practice. Research limitations/implications A limitation was dealing with the amount of material that Aristotle and Cicero produced. A secondary limitation was translating the original Greek and Latin (notwithstanding the Loeb Classical Library) into understandable everyday English. Practical implications Developing understanding of concepts, such as wisdom, moral duty, and related subjects should be included in MBA programs. Originality/value The paper has value because: it relates concepts and ideas conceived in Aristotle's and Cicero's time to contemporary management practice, and it illustrates that these ideas are still relevant and applicable in the modern business environment.
Preliminary definition of a lunar landing and launch facility (Complex 39L) (1992)

A preliminary definition of a lunar landing and launch facility has been formulated. A permanently manned lunar base and a baseline lunar module are assumed. The major features of the facility are specified and major design areas are described.
Transparent composite model for large scale image/video processing (2013)

This paper aims to tackle theoretical modeling and dimension reduction, two fundamental issues in large scale image/video data processing, together, by proposing a transparent composite model (TCM) for transformed image/video data. Specifically, to handle the heavy tail phenomenon commonly seen in Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficients of image/video data, a TCM first separates the tail of a sequence of DCT coefficients from the main body of the sequence. Then, a parametric distribution is used to model the main body while a uniform distribution is used to model the tail. Efficient online algorithms for establishing a TCM are proposed and proved to converge exponentially fast, which suits large-scale image/video data processing. It is also demonstrated that a TCM has an inherent non-linear data reduction capability - DCT coefficients of an image in the heavy tail identified by a TCM reveal some unique global features of the image while being insignificant statistically. This, together with its fast convergence, makes the proposed model a desirable choice for modeling DCT coefficients in large-scale image/video applications, such as online quantization design, entropy coding design, and image/video analytics in Big Data.
Retrospective assessment of fibromyalgia therapeusis. (1994)

An effective therapeutic intervention is documented for the most common source of back pain in clinical practice: As sleep disturbance is extremely common in and can even induce fibromyalgia, it seemed reasonable to explore the efficacy of specific quality sleep-inducing agents in its management. Timely hypnotic therapy appears effective in relieving symptoms in half of all patients afflicted with fibromyalgia.
Scaling Algorithms for Unbalanced Transport Problems (2016)

This article introduces a new class of fast algorithms to approximate variational problems involving unbalanced optimal transport. While classical optimal transport considers only normalized probability distributions, it is important for many applications to be able to compute some sort of relaxed transportation between arbitrary positive measures. A generic class of such "unbalanced" optimal transport problems has been recently proposed by several authors. In this paper, we show how to extend the, now classical, entropic regularization scheme to these unbalanced problems. This gives rise to fast, highly parallelizable algorithms that operate by performing only diagonal scaling (i.e. pointwise multiplications) of the transportation couplings. They are generalizations of the celebrated Sinkhorn algorithm. We show how these methods can be used to solve unbalanced transport, unbalanced gradient flows, and to compute unbalanced barycenters. We showcase applications to 2-D shape modification, color transfer, and growth models.
The motion of a surface by its mean curvature (1978)

Kenneth Brakke studies in general dimensions a dynamic system of surfaces of no inertial mass driven by the force of surface tension and opposed by a frictional force proportional to velocity. He formulates his study in terms of varifold surfaces and uses the methods of geometric measure theory to develop a mathematical description of the motion of a surface by its mean curvature. This mathematical description encompasses, among other subtleties, those of changing geometries and instantaneous mass losses.Originally published in 1978.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Improving the human factors aspect of database interactions (1978)

The widespread dissemination of computer and information systems to nontechnically trained individuals requires a new approach to the design and development of database interfaces. This paper provides the motivational background for controlled psychological experimentation in exploring the person/machine interface. Frameworks for the reductionist approach are given, research methods discussed, research issues presented, and a small experiment is offered as an example of what can be accomplished. This experiment is a comparison of natural and artificial language query facilities. Although subjects posed approximately equal numbers of valid queries with either facility, natural language users made significantly more invalid queries which could not be answered from the database that was described.
THE DETECTION OF PLASTICITY GENES IN HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENTS (1998)

The molecular genetic mechanisms for phenotypic plasticity across heterogeneous macro- and microenvironments were examined using the Populus genomic map constructed by DNA-based markers. Three hypotheses have been suggested to explain genetic variation in phenotypic response to varying environments (i.e., reaction norm): Lerner's homeostasis, allelic sensitivity, and gene regulation. The homeostasis hypothesis, which predicts that heterozygotes are less sensitive to the environment than homozygotes, was supported for phenotypic plasticity to unpredictable environments (microenvironmental plasticity) at the whole-genome level, but for phenotypic plasticity to predictable environments (macroenvironmental plasticity) the hypothesis was supported only at functioning quantitative trait loci (QTLs). For all growth traits studied, gene regulation was suggested to play a prevailing role in determining the norms of reaction to environments. Indirect evidence for gene regulation is that there tend to be more QTLs with larger effects on the phenotype in optimal growing conditions than suboptimal growing conditions because the expression of these QTLs identified is mediated by regulatory genes. Direct evidence for gene regulation is the identification of some loci that differ from QTLs for trait values within environments and exert an environmentally dependent control over structural gene expression. In this study, fewer environmentally sensitive QTLs were detected that display unparalleled allelic effects across environments. For stem height, there were more regulatory loci and more structural loci (whose expression is determined by gene regulation) affecting phenotypic plasticity than for basal area. It was found that microenvironmental plasticity was likely controlled by different genetic systems than those for macroenvironmental plasticity.
Endocannabinoids as Regulators of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP)Channels: a Further Opportunity to Develop New Endocannabinoid-Based Therapeutic Drugs (2010)

In the late 1990's, a series of experiments carried out independently in two laboratories led to establish an important connection between the function of the endocannabinoids, which, as exemplified in this special issue, is per se very complex and ubiquitous in animals, and that of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, a large family of plasma membrane cation channels involved in several mammalian and non-mammalian physiological and pathological conditions, overlapping only in part with those in which the cannabinoid receptors participate. These experiments were initially based on the observation that the endocannabinoid anandamide and the xenobiotic ligand of TRP channels of V1 type (TRPV1), capsaicin, are somehow chemically similar, both compounds being fatty acid amides, as are also synthetic activators of these channels and inhibitors of anandamide cellular re-uptake. As discussed in this article, the same type of "chemical thoughts" led to the discovery of N-arachidonoyl-dopamine, an endogenous ligand of TRPV1 channels that behaves also an endocannabinoid. The overlap between the ligand recognition properties of some TRP channels and proteins of the endocannabinoid system, namely the cannabinoid receptors and the proteins and enzymes catalyzing anandamide cellular re-uptake and hydrolysis, is being actively explored through the rational design and synthesis of new endocannabinoid-based drugs with multiple mechanisms of action. These aspects are discussed in this review article, together with the possible functional and pharmacological consequences of endocannabinoid-TRP channel interactions.