gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acute and subacute (28-Day) toxicity studies of ionic liquid, didecyldimethyl ammonium acesulfamate, in rats (2009)

The aim of this study was to investigate acute and subacute oral toxicity of an ionic liquid, didecyldimethylammonium acesulfamate [DDA][Ace], in rats. The compound tested was classified to the fourth toxicity class with a fixed LD(50) cut-off value of 500 mg/kg. Organ pathology induced by [DDA][Ace] in acute experiments included exfoliation of the surface layer of the digestive tract and alveolar septa in lung parenchyma. In a subacute experiment, rats were administered 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day [DDA][Ace] for 28 days. Reduced body weight gain and reduced food consumption was observed in mid- and high-dose rats. Statistically significant hematology changes were found mostly in high-dose groups of both sexes: increases in hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, and mean platelet volume. Statistically significant changes in clinical chemistry parameters included increases in the GGT, SDH, and LDH activity and bilirubin concentration, and decreases in triglycerides, glucose, and inorganic phosphorus concentration. No treatment-related microscopic changes were observed. Under the conditions of this study, the lowest-observed-adverse-effect level of [DDA][Ace] was considered to be 10 mg/kg/day.
Su2007 Helicobacter pylori-Induced Hypermethylation of Wnt Antagonist in Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Participates in Gastric Carcinogenesis in Mice (2015)

DCLK1) or green fluorescent protein (GFP) cDNA sequence as control (AsPC-GFP). Gene expressing levels in both AsPC-DCLK1 and AsPC-GFP cells were analyzed by real-time RTPCR. The proliferative and invasive potential of these cells were compared using a MTT assay for proliferation, wound healing assay for migration, soft agar assay for clonogenicity, andMatrigel coated transwell assay for invasion.Results:DCLK1mRNA levels were increased more than 50 fold in AsPC-DCLK1 cells. Compared to AsPC-GFP cells, AsPC-DCLK1 cells exhibited a more than 20% increase in proliferation, approximately 30% increase in colony formation, 20% increase in migration, and a 2-fold increase (p < 0.05) in invasion. Conclusion: These data taken together suggest that DCLK1 promotes pancreatic cancer cell EMT and tumorigenesis, this propertymay contribute to pancreatic cancer metastasis and resistance to standard chemotherapy. Thus, these findings support the development of anti-DCLK1 based therapeutics to target CSCs for PDAC treatment.
Lymph node targeting and therapy in breast cancer: A novel intralymphatic drug delivery system for treatment of locally metastatic breast cancer (2007)

C123 Overview:  Early breast cancer initially metastasizes to the axillary lymph nodes; we hypothesized that lymphatically targeted cisplatin carriers will increase the localized dose in lymph metastases and decrease systemic toxicities.  Background:  Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women today (after lung cancer). Since breast cancers spread initially to regional lymph nodes prior to systemic spread, adequate evaluation and treatment of the axillary lymph nodes is paramount in early stage disease. One significant problem with current therapy is the side effects chemotherapy agents create systemically either alone or in combination. To date no chemotherapy strategy is targeted to treating intralymphatic spread alone. There is, therefore, a critical need to develop novel drug delivery methods allowing chemotherapeutic agents to remain intralymphatically at therapeutic levels for their duration of action.  Methods:  Hyaluronan (HA) is a highly biocompatible and nonimmunogenic polymer that follows lymphatic drainage from the interstitial spaces. We formed complexes of HA and cisplatin by a non-covalent conjugate. We determined in vitro release rate of cisplatin from conjugates and cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 human breast cancers in cell culture. Complexes were injected subcutaneously into the right upper mammary gland of female Sprague-Dawley rats and the distribution of conjugates determined by atomic absorption spectometry.  Results:  Conjugates of cisplatin and HA contained up to 26% w/w of cisplatin and released drug with pseudo first order kinetics with a half-life of 10 hours in saline. Cisplatin-HA conjugates had high anti-tumor activity similar to the free drug: HA-cisplatin IC50 7 mcg/mL (cisplatin basis) in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells (free cisplatin IC50 7 mcg/mL). HA-cisplatin conjugates were well tolerated in rodents with no signs of injection site morbidity or major organ toxicity after 24 hours and significantly increased localization compared to cisplatin in saline controls.  Conclusions:  Cisplatin-HA conjugates demonstrate antiproliferative efficacy similar to standard cisplatin formulation in a breast cancer model in vitro. While toxicity profiles of this nanoparticle delivery conjugate are promising, further evaluation of antitumor efficacy and survival in an in vivo model will be required to validate the benefit of this novel therapy. This contribution is expected to be significant in providing a novel intralymphatic drug delivery method in breast cancer to preferentially treat at-risk regional lymph nodes and avoid systemic toxicities.
Top- <i>k</i> dominant web services under multi-criteria matching (2009)

As we move from a Web of data to a Web of services, enhancing the capabilities of the current Web search engines with effective and efficient techniques for Web services retrieval and selection becomes an important issue. Traditionally, the relevance of a Web service advertisement to a service request is determined by computing an overall score that aggregates individual matching scores among the various parameters in their descriptions. Two drawbacks characterize such approaches. First, there is no single matching criterion that is optimal for determining the similarity between parameters. Instead, there are numerous approaches ranging from using Information Retrieval similarity metrics up to semantic logic-based inference rules. Second, the reduction of individual scores to an overall similarity leads to significant information loss. Since there is no consensus on how to weight these scores, existing methods are typically pessimistic, adopting a worst-case scenario. As a consequence, several services, e.g., those having a single unrelated parameter, can be excluded from the result set, even though they are potentially good alternatives. In this work, we present a methodology that overcomes both deficiencies. Given a request, we introduce an objective measure that assigns a dominance score to each advertised Web service. This score takes into consideration all the available criteria for each parameter in the request. We investigate three distinct definitions of dominance score, and we devise efficient algorithms that retrieve the top-k most dominant Web services in each case. Extensive experimental evaluation on real requests and relevance sets, as well as on synthetically generated scenarios, demonstrates both the effectiveness of the proposed technique and the efficiency of the algorithms.
An efficient cache-based access anomaly detection scheme (1991)

article Free Access Share on An efficient cache-based access anomaly detection scheme Authors: Sang L. Min View Profile , Jong-Deok Choi View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems ReviewVolume 25Issue Special IssueApr. 1991 pp 235–244https://doi.org/10.1145/106974.106996Online:01 April 1991Publication History 87citation615DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations87Total Downloads615Last 12 Months15Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Corrosion resistance of 2 S aluminium in high temperature water as related to the ratio of its iron and silicon content (1957)

In order to determine the optimum ratio of the iron and silicon content in commercial 2 S aluminium to be used for reactor applications, corrosion test has been carried out in distilled water kept at high temperatures between 120° and 300°C in steel autocrave. Pyrex glass reservoir with pyrex lid was used to prevent water from being contaminated by iron ion coming from steel. The glass reservoir contains specimens hanged one by one by cotton string no more resist the attack of water, specimens were heaped with photographic dry plate glass pieces between them.Weight change of the specimen was measured, an example of which is shown in Fig. 13 a), b), and c). The outlook of the specimens attacked by water at the respective elevated temperatures are shown in Fig. 1-12 photographs. Both results are summarized into Fig. 14, where the numbers of the specimens which showed best corrosion resistance are marked by single circle. Double circle numbers mean that those specimens have corrosion resistance next to that of single circle ones.It is clearly seen that 2 S aluminium containing iron four times or so as much as silicon has better corrosion resistance in high temperature distilled water. Cold-rolled sheet has slightly better resistance to corrosion than annealed one and grain size seems to play a role. 52 S aluminium alloy, contrary to the conclusions in foreign literatures, is found to be fairly corrosion resistant in high temperature water.
Pyrolytic and Combustion Characteristics of Woody Bio-Pellets (2004)

From a viewpoint of environmental preservation and resource protection, the recycling of wastes has been promoting. Expectations to new energy resource are growing by decrease of fossil fuel. Biomass is one of new energies with prevent global warming. This study is an attempt to burn pelletized woody biomass (Bio-pellet) made from sawdust and logging residue in order to thermally recycle waste products of forestry and lumbering industry. The devolatilization property of Bio-pellet were observed by the thermogravimerty and differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) to obtained fundamental data of Bio-pellet pyrolysis. The thermogravimetric analyzer was used to measure weight loss and temperature difference. It observed that the weight of Bio-pellet decreased under three stages with endothermic reaction during pyrolysis, and with exothermic reaction during combustion. The combustion behavior of Bio-pellets was observed in the electric furnace, where the video-recording and measurements of pellet temperature and weight were carried out at sequential steps of the combustion process. The effects of furnace temperature and pellet size were exam-ined in order to elucidate the combustion characteristics of Bio-pellets, such as ignition delay, burning period, char-combustion time and the change of weight decrease and temperature rise. The results indicated that they are influenced at each step of the combustion process such as devolatilization, ignition, visible envelope flame combustion and char combustion.
Implementation of a SELFOC lens for the light collection element for single molecule spectroscopy at cryogenic temperatures (1997)

We introduce the use of a SELFOC gradient index lens as a micro-optical element for collection and focusing of luminescence of single molecules in solid matrices. We demonstrate its performance by measuring single molecule spectra of terrylene in n-alkanes and compare its signal-to-noise ratio and collection efficiency with that of a microscope objective.
DONOR-ACCEPTOR PAIR ABSORPTION IN GaAs DIODES AT 2.1°K (1963)

First Page
Thinking: project management in health computing (2003)

The mechanics of project management in health computing are discussed. A loop-connection of human efforts tapping resources from available software to deliver successful project management is shown. Project management software packages are listed. The essential features of good project management software are outlined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Доклиническое изучение реассортантного вакцинного штамма вируса гриппа а/17/ перепел/ Гонконг/97/84 (H9N2) (2015)

In this work, we examined the reassortant influenza virus strain A/17/Quail/Hong Kong/97/84 (H9N2) prepared at the Virology Department, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. The A/Leningrad/134/17 (H2N2)-based vaccine candidate contained hemagglutinin and the neuraminidase from the nonpathogenic avian influenza A virus A(H9N2) of the G1 antigenic lineage. The vaccine candidate showed the ts-properties and cold adaptation. When administered intranasally to mice, the vaccine strain A(H9N2) was attenuated. It did not multiply in the lungs but was reproduced well in the nasal cavity, causing the production of the post-vaccination antibody. The A/17/Quail/Hong Kong/97/84(H9N2) virus was immunogenic when administered to mice as a LAI V intranasally or as a IIV intramuscularly. Intranasal A(H9N2) LAIV stimulated ocal production of the antibodies, which resulted in reduction in lung titers of the challenge virus G9.
Measurement of Dry Soot and Particulate Matter from Two-Stroke and Four-Stroke Snowmobiles (2010)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Recent increases in emissions regulations within the snowmobile industry have led to significant advancements in fuel, exhaust, and control systems on snowmobiles. However, particulate matter is currently an unregulated exhaust component of snowmobile engines. The measurement of dry soot as well as particulate matter from snowmobiles is the focus of this paper. Two industry-representative snowmobiles were chosen for this research which included a 2006 Yamaha Nytro carbureted four-stroke and a 2009 Ski-Doo MX-Z direct-injected two-stroke. Measurements for each snowmobile included gaseous emissions (CO₂, CO, NO<sub>x</sub>, O₂, and THC), particulate matter collected on quartz filters, and dry soot measured using an AVL Micro Soot Sensor. Each snowmobile was tested over the industry-standard five-mode emissions certification test cycle to determine the emissions, dry soot, and particulate matter levels from idle to wide open throttle (full-load).</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The carbureted four-stroke snowmobile was factory-calibrated rich of stoichiometric combustion to improve cold-start performance, increase power, and provide acceptable throttle response. The direct-injected two-stroke engine was susceptible to some short-circuiting of raw fuel to the exhaust system. For this reason, both snowmobiles produced relatively high levels of hydrocarbon emissions and particulate matter compared to modern automobile engines. The highest dry soot levels for both snowmobiles were recorded at full load conditions with the magnitude of the dry soot being quite similar for both vehicles. At the lower engine speeds and loads, dry soot levels were significantly higher for the direct-injected two-stroke engine compared to the carbureted four-stroke engine. While the two-stroke engine calibration was lean of stoichiometric at most operating conditions which led to reduced hydrocarbon and soot emissions compared to stoichiometric operation, the consumption of lubricating oil had a direct impact on dry soot emissions and led to higher emissions compared to the four-stroke engine.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The exhaust particulate matter was measured using an undiluted, hot quartz filter which was weighed before and after each run to determine particulate matter mass. The sample stream to the filter was not diluted and the temperature was not maintained at a specified value. Therefore, the measured particulate mass was an estimate of dry soot and hydrocarbon emissions, as quartz filters have an affinity for hydrocarbons. The mass flow rate of particulate matter determined from the filters was significantly higher than the dry soot results from the Micro Soot Sensor. The two-stroke and four-stroke engines were both observed to have high hydrocarbon emissions (10,000 - 30,000 ppmC1), which may have led to the discrepancy between the dry soot concentration and PM measurement techniques.</div></div>
Symptomatic Coronary Artery Disease in a Marathon Runner (1983)

To Editor.— The case report by Handler and co-workers entitled Symptomatic Coronary Artery Disease in a Marathon Runner (1982; 248:717) is of considerable interest. The authors are right to challenge the tempting illusion of invincibility in runner. However, they are incorrect that there was an absence of risk factors in their patient. A high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level of 51 mg/dL and a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level of 94 mg/dL in presence of a total cholesterol of 185 mg/dL means that this man had a very low-density lipoprotein level (VLDL) of 40 mg/dL. Although less attention has been given to VLDL levels than to LDL and HDL levels, there is evidence that an elevated VLDL level may also be a risk factor. In an angiographic study, Tan et al 1 found mean VLDL level in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) was 37.7 ± 2.8 mg/dL
A photovoltaic system with three solar cells and a band-stop optical filter (2011)

One approach for designing high-efficiency photovoltaic systems is to use several solar cells. One technique is to stack several solar cells with different energy band gaps on each other and concentrate sunlight on them, but the technical challenges and the manufacturing cost increase as the number of cells increases. Another technique is to keep the cells apart and split the sunlight into different sub-beams and direct the sub-beams toward separate cells, which are made of semiconductors with specific energy band gaps. In this study, we are proposing a novel photovoltaic system that combines both approaches for the sake of reducing the manufacturing cost of the system and increasing the efficiency. The system involves three solar cells: two cells are made of GaAs (1.42 eV) and Ge (0.66 eV), which are almost lattice matched, and the other cell is made of Si (1.12 eV), which is kept apart because it is not lattice matched to the two other cells. Different from the systems reported in literature, the proposed system involves a band-stop optical filter instead of a low-pass optical filter. This approach demonstrates the use of double-junction cells made of lattice matched materials, while the top cell has a high energy band gap (GaAs) and the bottom cell has a low energy band gap (Ge). In this paper, we describe the architecture of the proposed system, its features, the modeling approach adopted, and the system performance under the standard conditions.
Counting and Behavior of an Individual Fluorescent Molecule without Hydrodynamic Flow, Immobilization, or Photon Count Statistics (2004)

Many theoretical models of molecular interactions, biochemical and chemical reactions are described on the single-molecule level, although our knowledge about the biochemical/chemical structure and dynamics primarily originates from the investigation of many-molecule systems. At present, there are four experimental platforms to observe the movement and the behavior of single fluorescent molecules: wide-field epi-illumination, near-field optical scanning, and laser scanning confocal and multiphoton microscopy. The platforms are combined with analytical methods such as fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), fluorescence auto-or two-color cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCS), fluorescence polarizing anisotropy, fluorescence quenching and fluorescence lifetime measurements. The original contribution focuses on counting and characterization of freely diffusing single molecules in a single-phase like a solution or a membrane without hydrodynamic flow, immobilization or burst size analysis of intensity traces. This can be achieved, for example, by Fluorescence auto- or two-color cross-Correlation Spectroscopy as demonstrated in this original article. Three criteria (Földes-Papp (2002) Pteridines, 13, 73-82; Földes-Papp et al. (2004a) J. Immunol. Meth., 286, 1-11; Földes-Papp et al. (2004b) J. Immunol. Meth., 286, 13-20) are discussed for performing continuous measurements with one and the same single (individual) molecule, freely diffusing in a solution or a membrane, from sub-milliseconds up to severals hours. The 'algorithms' developed for single-molecule fluorescence detection are called the 'selfsame single-fluorescent-molecule regime'. An interesting application of the results found is in the field of immunology. The application of the theory to experimental results shows that the theory is consistent with the experiments. The exposition of the novel ideas on Single (Solution)-Phase Single-Molecule Fluorescence auto- or two-color cross-Correlation Spectroscopy (SPSM-FCS) are comprehensively presented. As technology continues to improve, the limits of what FCS/FCCS is being asked to do are concomitantly pushed.
Příprava liposomů s antivirálním účinkem (2006)

Nazev prace: Připrava liposomalnich preparatů s protivirovým ucinkem Abstrakt: Kationicke liposomy jsou male sfericke vezikuly tvořene z neutralniho a kationickeho lipidu v urcitem poměru a s vodnou fazi uvnitř. Od sedmdesatých let, kdy zacaly být liposomy intenzivně studovany, byla nalezena řada postupů připravy umožňujicich cileně připravit liposomy nejrůznějsi morfologie a požadovane velikosti. Do liposomů mohou být inkorporovana leciva ve vodnem kompartmentu nebo vmezeřena do lipidicke dvojvrstvy, a timto způsobem chraněna před přimým kontaktem s okolnim prostředim. Cilem prace bylo: 1) ověřeni metod připravy liposomů s potencialem průmyslove aplikace, jejich fyzikalně-chemicka charakterizace 2) enkapslulace antivirotik do kationických liposomů a ověřeni ucinku liposomalnich nukleotidových antivirotik proti různým isolatům herpesvirů BHV-1 a EHV-1 3) zavedeni metod kvantifikace herpesvirů pomoci RT-PCR. Kationicke liposomy byly připraveny metodami hydratace lipidoveho filmu a lyofilizace a jejich velikost a zeta potencial byly měřeny pomoci fotonkorelacni spektroskopie. U liposomů s enkapsulovanými antivirotiky HPMPC a PMEDAP byla spektrofotometricky měrěna enkapsulacni ucinnost. 4 typy kationických liposomů (CDAN, DC-cholesterol, DoDAB a B30-spermin) byly testovany na penetraci do buněk MDBK. Kvantifikace inkorporace fluorescencně znacených liposomů do buněk byla provaděna průtokovou cytometrii a výsledky byly ověřeny fluorescencni mikroskopii. Liposomy s kationickými lipidy CDAN a B30-spermin se jevi jako perspektivni pro dalsi vývoj a byly použity pro enkapsulaci antiviralnich latek HPMPC a PMEDAP, ktere inhibuji DNA polymerasy virů. Pro tato ve vodě rozpustna antivirotika, představuje liposomalni forma velmi efektivni způsob zvýseni jeho terapeutickeho ucinku. Výhodou enkapsulace antivirotik do liposomalnich preparatů je snazsi průnik do buňky, tudiž nedochazi ke ztratam ucinne latky mimo buňku, a take toxicita vhledem k volným antivirotikům je výrazně snižena. Anitiviralni aktivita volných a liposomalnich antivirotik byla prokazana in vitro na tkaňových kulturach infikovaných herpetickými viry BHV-1 a EHV-1 a byly provedeny testy na cytotoxicitu. Kvantifikace herpesvirů byla provedena metodou PCR- real time. Tato metoda byla využita take pro přesnou kvantifikaci antivirove aktivity preparatů in vitro. Liposomy výrazně zvysovaly penetraci HPMPC do buněk a při kratkodobe inkubaci (6h) in vitro vykazovaly o řad vyssi ucinnost ve srovnani s volným HPMPC. Tyto pozitivni předběžne výsledky jsou zakladem pro dalsi praci na vývoji cilených liposomalnich antivirotik.