gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sphingosine reverses growth inhibition caused by activation of protein kinase c in vascular smooth muscle cells (1991)

In certain cell systems, including neonatal vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells, phorbol esters are growth inhibitory. Here we show that 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol (DiC8), when added 2 h after alpha-thrombin, reverses by greater than 95% the induction of DNA synthesis in VSM cells by alpha-thrombin. Sphingosine, a naturally occurring lysosphingolipid inhibitor of protein kinase C, and its synthetic analogues N-acetylsphingosine and C11-sphingosine were used to investigate this phenomenon further. Neither phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA;200 ng/ml) nor sphingosine (up to 10 microM) alone had any effect upon basal DNA synthesis in VSM cells. Like DiC8, PMA totally blocked the induction of DNA synthesis by alpha-thrombin. This inhibitory effect of PMA was reversed by sphingosine in a dose-dependent manner with complete reversal at 10 microM. Neither N-acetylsphingosine nor C11-sphingosine exhibited any effect on DNA synthesis in VSM cells. The effect of sphingosine and its analogues on the activity of protein kinase C extracted from VSM cells was measured by histone III-S phosphorylation. Protein kinase C activity was inhibited 50% by 300 microM sphingosine, but less than 15% by similar concentrations of N-acetylsphingosine and C11-sphingosine. To assess the effects of sphingosine and analogues on protein kinase C in intact cells, we examined the effect of the lipids on [3H]phorbol dibutyrate binding. Sphingosine (at greater than 5 microM), but not N-acetylsphingosine or C11-sphingosine, blocked [3H]phorbol dibutyrate binding in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Thus the mechanism of growth inhibition by DiC8 and PMA in neonatal VSM cells appears to be through activation of protein kinase C by these compounds. Sphingosine reverses this growth inhibition through interference with the binding to protein kinase C of phorbol esters or other activators of this enzyme.
TEMPERATURE GRADIENTS IN TURBULENT GAS STREAMS. METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR FLOW BETWEEN PARALLEL PLATES (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTEMPERATURE GRADIENTS IN TURBULENT GAS STREAMS. METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR FLOW BETWEEN PARALLEL PLATESW. H. Corcoran, F. Page, W. G. Schlinger, and B. H. SageCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1952, 44, 2, 410–419Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50506a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50506a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views110Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Crashworthiness and Compatibility of Low Mass Vehicles in Collisions (1997)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Reducing the weight of vehicles could be a strong means of reducing fuel consumption in urban traffic. Published accident and injury statistics however show an inverse correlation of vehicle mass against injury severity in car to car collisions, above all in head-on collisions. This inverse correlation is in part caused by current crash test standards, where compatibility in collisions between cars of different size and weight is not a requirement. Compatibility in frontal collisions demands for significantly different deceleration-time curves in rigid barrier impacts for cars with different weight. Low mass vehicles (LMV) must meet compatibility criteria to comply with current injury criteria in real car to car collisions. Cars designed according to compatibility criteria can change future accident and injury statistics in a way that injury severity in LMVs can be reduced significantly.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This study shows, that head-on collisions at closing speeds of up to 100 km/h with a mass ratio of 1:2 of the collision opponents can be survived with occupant loads well below the limits of actual injury criteria (FMVSS 208), if compatibility requirements are met with regard to car structure as well as restraint systems.</div>
Detection of rope spoilage in bread caused by <i>Bacillus</i> species (1998)

Rope spoilage of bread by eight Bacillus isolates obtained from a bakery environment was examined via direct inoculation of slices of bread with bacterial culture. The three types of loaf examined were two soft grain varieties, one containing vinegar and the other containing calcium propionate as the preservative agent, and a white variety containing calcium propionate. Differences in rope production caused by batch variation were studied by comparing seven loaves of each type of bread. Not all isolates were capable of causing extensive rope, but isolates of Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis, B. megaterium and B. pumilus were able to produce such spoilage. Limited rope was also caused by pre-existing Bacillus species within the loaves. The amount of rope production by an isolate was not constant on all loaf types or even between different batches of the same variety, indicating that approaches that rely on direct inoculation of loaves with culture are not applicable for assessing the rope-inducing potential of Bacillus isolates. However, it was clear from this study that vinegar in soft grain loaves was more effective than calcium propionate at inhibiting rope.
Current status of insecticide resistance in Q biotype <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> populations from Crete (2008)

Bemisia tabaci resistance evolved differently in each of the three insecticides studied. Imidacloprid resistance seems less established and less persistent than alpha-cypermethrin resistance. The low resistance levels for pirimiphos-methyl suggest absence of cross-resistance with other organophosphates or carbamates used.
Establishment of the culture model system that reflects the process of terminal differentiation of connective tissue‐type mast cells (2008)

To understand physiological roles of tissue mast cells, we established a culture system where bone marrow‐derived immature mast cells differentiate into the connective tissue‐type mast cell (CTMC)‐like cells through modifying the previous co‐culture system with Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. Our system was found to reproducibly mimic the differentiation of CTMCs on the basis of several criteria, such as granule maturation and sensitivity to cationic secretagogues. The gene expression profile obtained by the microarray analyses was found to reflect many aspects of the differentiation. Our system is thus helpful to gain deeper insights into terminal differentiation of CTMCs.
A Comparison of Ice Nucleus and Ozone Concentrations in Stratospheric Air (1971)

The variations of ice nucleus and ozone concentrations were monitored at a high mountain observatory in the Colorado Rockies. Because the observatory is at an altitude of nearly 4 km MSL, increases in ozone at this station are in most instances related to intrusions of stratospheric air into the troposphere. An increase of ice nuclei simultaneously with an increase of ozone in such cases would therefore be indicative of a transport of ice nuclei from the stratosphere to the earth's surface. High ice nucleus concentrations in stratosphere air would substantiate the possibility of an extraterrestrial nucleus source. A negative correlation between the ozone and ice nuclei existed during the time of the case study presented. It is concluded that at least during this period there was not an influx of ice nuclei simultaneously with a downward transport of stratospheric air. Hypotheses for a ground origin of ice nuclei are supported.
Cardiovascular damage after cw and Q-switched 2μm laser irradiation (2013)

Aiming for laser-assisted resection of calcified aortic valve structures for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI), a Q-switched Tm:YAG laser emitting at a wavelength of 2.01 μm was used to evaluate the cutting efficiency on highly calcified human aortic leaflets in-vitro. The calcified aortic leaflets were examined regarding ablation rates and debris generation, using a pulse energy of 4.3 mJ, a pulse duration of 0.8-1 μs and a repetition rate of 1 kHz. The radiation was transmitted via a 200 μm core diameter quartz fiber. Resection was performed in a fiber-tissue contact mode on water-covered samples in a dish. The remnant particles were analyzed with respect to quantity and size by light microscopy. Additionally, soft tissue of porcine aortic vessels was examined for histologically detectable thermo-mechanical damage after continuous wave and Q-switched 2μm laser irradiation. An ablation rate of 36.7 ± 25.3 mg/min could be realised on highly calcified aortic leaflets, with 85.4% of the remnant particles being <6 μm in diameter. The maximum damaged area of the soft tissue was < 1 mm for both, cw and pulsed laser irradiation. This limits the expected collateral damage of healthy tissue during the medical procedure. Overall, the Q-switched Tm:YAG laser system showed promising results in cutting calcified aortic valves, transmitting sufficient energy through a small flexible fibre.
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROCYCLISCHE PHENOXYESSIGSAEURE‐DERIVATE, SYNTHESE UND VORLAEUFIGE UNTERSUCHUNGEN IHRER DIURETISCHEN UND URICOLYTISCHEN EIGENSCHAFTEN (1975)

Abstract Zu physiologischen Untersuchungen werden nach Literatur‐Methoden die p‐Heterophenoxy‐essigsäuren (I) und (II) synthetisiert.
Physical properties of aceto‐ and butyro‐oleins, mono‐olein, and diolein (1957)

Summary A series of six oleoglycerides: 1,2‐diaceto‐3‐olein, 1,2‐dibutyro‐3‐olein, 1‐aceto‐3‐olein, 1‐butyro‐3‐olein, 1,3‐diolein, and 1‐mono‐olein, was prepared and purified, and some of their physical properties were determined. Data on densities and refractive indices of the compounds revealed that substitution of short‐chain acyl groups for one or both of the hydroxyl groups in 1‐mono‐olein increases the density and decreases the refractive index. The effect is more pronounced for the aceto than the butyro groups. By the capillary tube method, melting‐ and transition‐point data were determined for each glyceride. For the triglycerides, 1,2‐diaceto‐3‐olein and 1,2‐dibutyro‐3‐olein, one melting point and two transition points for each were found. For the diglycerides, 1‐aceto‐3‐olein and 1‐butyro‐3‐olein, two melting points and two transition points for each were found. Two melting points and one transition point each for 1,3‐diolein and 1‐mono‐olein were found. These melting and transition points were substantiated by heating‐curve data. Where possible, dilatometric measurements were made for the various polymorphic forms of the glycerides. From the data were calculated expansibilities in the solid and liquid states, melting dilations or volume changes accompanying transformations, and dilatometric melting points.
Improvement in characteristics of a distributed Raman fiber amplifier by using signal-pump double-pass scheme (2006)

We have proposed and demonstrated a novel signal-pump double-pass distributed Raman fiber amplifier (RFA) by using a three-port optical circulator as a reflective mirror. This unique RFA architecture not only doubles the amount of dispersion compensation, but also enhances the pumping efficiency. In comparison with the conventional signal-pump single-pass scheme, the proposed RFA has a 2.0-dB gain improvement and a 3.7-dB equivalent noise figure suppression, measured at 1598 nm. The proposed RFA may find wide applications in long-haul transmission and optical networks, where dispersion compensation is of great concern.
Growth of zinc oxide nanostructures via thermal oxidation of DC‐sputtered zinc films (2011)

Abstract Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures have been obtained by thermal oxidation of DC‐ sputtered Zinc film (Zn) above the melting temperature of Zinc. The zinc film is directly deposited on the glass substrate or on a ZnO layer pre‐deposited on the glass by DC reactive plasma. The films were characterized by X‐ray Diffraction before and after oxidation treatment. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE‐SEM) revealed the formation of needlelike and nanostructured network. The optical properties of the obtained nanostructures were studied using UV‐VIS‐NIR spectrophotometer. The results showed that the presence of pre‐deposited ZnO layer on the glass substrate improves significantly the transmittance of the obtained layered structure. Photoluminescence results showed the presence of a weak near band edge emission at 3.35 eV and a defect band which is much broader than that observed in pure Zinc Oxide (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Abstract 54: The Impedance Cardiogram as an Indicator of Chest Compression Efficacy During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in a Porcine Model: Correlation with Physiological Parameters and Comparison with Compression Depth and Thrust (2011)

Introduction The 2010 AHA resuscitation guidelines re-emphasised the importance of chest compressions as the cornerstone of effective CPR. In an attempt to improve chest compression efficacy numerous CPR feedback devices have been developed and have demonstrated their utility in improving guideline compliant CPR but not patient outcomes. The impedance cardiogram (ICG) provides a non-invasive measure of haemodynamic status and has been investigated as an additional method of improving CPR. Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between chest compression thrust, depth and ICG amplitude during CPR and establish their correlation with invasive physiological measurements. Materials and methods Ethical approval for this study was granted by the Northern Ireland Home Office. A total of 12 porcine models were used weighing mean 31kg. Anaesthesia was achieved with intravenous propofol and inhaled isoflourane. Ventricular fibrillation was induced using a pacing wire inserted into the right ventricle. CPR was administered using the HLR-201®, Michigan Instruments. The Impedance Cardiogram (ICG) was recorded via 2 standard defibrillation electrodes. Depth (cm), thrust (kg), end-tidal CO 2 (kPa), systolic blood pressure (mmHg), carotid flow (ml/min) and cardiac output (L/min) were measured at 2 minute intervals for each model. Results There is a strong correlation between ICG amplitude and physiological parameters, comparable to correlations achieved with compression depth and thrust. (Table 1) Table 1: Summary of correlations between physiological parameters and ICG, compression depth and thrust during CPR Conclusions The ICG amplitude provides an additional measurement of CPR efficacy with physiological correlations comparable to both chest compression thrust and depth. This non-invasive measurement could be exploited in the development of new CPR feedback algorithms for automated external defibrillators.
[Mathematical methods in flow cytometry: the problem of evaluating DNA histograms of partially synchronous cell populations]. (1982)

There is presented a procedure for determining the phase fractions in a cell population (i.e. the fractions of the G1-, S- and G2 + M-cells) from the corresponding DNA histogram obtained by flow cytometry. The evaluation procedure can regard arbitrary apriori information about the model parameters. It is based on a mathematical model of the DNA distribution for a growing cell population which contains the phase fractions and some further values as parameters. The parameter estimations rest on the Maximum-Likelihood-Principle by which the parameters of the theoretical model must be determined in such a way that the measured histogram corresponds to a maximum probability. As a consequence of the model flexibility especially the S-phase fraction which can be determined independently by labeling techniques, can be regarded as a fixed predetermined value. Such apriori information enhances the preciseness of the parameter estimation. The applications have shown that the determination of the S-phase fraction by means of flow cytometry can be very unprecise especially under partial synchronization. For the application of the evaluation programs (programming language ALGOL) the histograms must be free of cell detritus and clumping.
Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging Findings in Veterans With Blast Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (2017)

Combined MRSI and cognitive and neuromotor data may help inform more objective and accurate diagnoses and effective treatments for patients with blast mTBI and PTSD.
Mutagenicity and Antimutagenicity of Medicinal Plants (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Plants as Protective Agents Against DNA Damage Antimutagenic Properties of Edible and Medicinal Plants Mutagenicity of Plant Extracts and Phytocompounds "Janus Carcinogens and Mutagens" Chemical Nature of Phytoantimutagenic Compounds Flavonoids Phenolic Compounds Coumarins Diterpenoids Organosulfur Compounds Assays for Mutagenicity and Antimutagenicity Paradigms in Antimutagenicity Research Conclusions References
Novel Cell-Based Hepatitis C Virus Infection Assay for Quantitative High-Throughput Screening of Anti-Hepatitis C Virus Compounds (2013)

Therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has advanced with the recent approval of direct-acting antivirals in combination with peginterferon and ribavirin. New antivirals with novel targets are still needed to further improve the treatment of hepatitis C. Previously reported screening methods for HCV inhibitors either are limited to a virus-specific function or apply a screening method at a single dose, which usually leads to high false-positive or -negative rates. We developed a quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) assay platform with a cell-based HCV infection system. This highly sensitive assay can be miniaturized to a 1,536-well format for screening of large chemical libraries. All candidates are screened over a 7-concentration dose range to give EC50s (compound concentrations at 50% efficacy) and dose-response curves. Using this assay format, we screened a library of pharmacologically active compounds (LOPAC). Based on the profile of dose-dependent curves of HCV inhibition and cytotoxicity, 22 compounds with adequate curves and EC50s of <10 μM were selected for validation. In two additional independent assays, 17 of them demonstrated specific inhibition of HCV infection. Ten potential candidates with efficacies of >70% and CC50s (compound concentrations at 50% cytotoxicity) of <30 μM from these validated hits were characterized for their target stages in the HCV replication cycle. In this screen, we identified both known and novel hits with diverse structural and functional features targeting various stages of the HCV replication cycle. The pilot screen demonstrates that this assay system is highly robust and effective in identifying novel HCV inhibitors and that it can be readily applied to large-scale screening of small-molecule libraries.
Potential transport pathways of terrigenous material in the Gulf of Papua (2006)

This work discusses potential transport pathways of terrigenous material in the Gulf of Papua (GoP), New Guinea, using Lagrangian tracers as proxies for clay minerals and finer particles. The tracers are transported by currents from the East Asia Seas implementation of the Navy Coastal Ocean Model. The results suggest that clay minerals input from rivers along the northwest coast of the GoP accumulate on the inner shelf with high concentrations near the mouth of the Fly and Purari Rivers. Finer particles, which are also representative of dissolved metals, are transported eastward along the GoP coast into the Solomon Sea as well as into the Torres Strait to the west. The results also suggest that some finer particles are entrained by eddies within the northern Coral Sea. These results are in qualitative agreement with observations from the region.
Cholesterol-Lowering Efficacy of Plant Sterols in Low-Fat Yogurt Consumed as a Snack or with a Meal (2008)

These results indicate that a single dose of PS in low-fat yogurt, provided as a snack, lowers cholesterol levels but does not alter fat-soluble vitamin or carotenoid concentrations in hyperlipidemic participants.
Linear optical coherence tomography system with a downconverted fringe pattern (2004)

Linear optical coherence tomography (LOCT) systems are a simple and robust alternative to time-domain optical coherence tomography systems, but a detector with approximately 10(4) pixels is needed for an imaging depth of 2 mm. We present a new system for LOCT with a special mask attached to the image sensor. The mask essentially performs a downconversion of the spatial frequencies by multiplication with a second spatial frequency. This reduces the fringe frequency of the optical coherence tomography signal so that the signal can be sampled with fewer pixels.
Comparison of PI and Direct Power Control of the Active and Reactive Power of Doubly Fed Induction Generator (2006)

International audience
ChemInform Abstract: Structure Determination Using the NMR “INADEQUATE” Technique (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Detection of the effect of nanoparticles on myelin figures growth using a compact digital holographic microscope (2013)

Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) is an effective and non-destructive technique for quantitative phase contrast imaging of biological samples and living organelles. In this paper, using a simple and stable common-path DHM setup we study lipid bilayer dynamics and detect their morphological changes. Stacks of lipid amphiphilic molecules in excess water and at the presence of an external stimulus, stress, or force have great capability for the formation of multilamellar cylindrical tubes that are called myelin figures(MFs). MFs can be found in various healthy and diseased living cells and their formation and dynamics in various conditions involve mysterious configurations that have been of high interest. We utilized nanoparticles solved in water with different concentrations as an external stimulus for MFs of POPC lipid. The nanoparticles are injected into the sample container via a microinjection pump in a constant rate and MFs growth rate and their volume changes are measured by a compact digital holographic system. The setup is based on a binocular conventional microscope making the setup very stable against vibrations and noises. The recorded holograms are then computationally reconstructed. The measurements and investigations are performed by analyzing the reconstruction process. We showed that nanoparticles increase the growth rate of MFs during the first few seconds. However, after few seconds, the growth rate does not alter significantly comparing to the absence of nanoparticles.