gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Study of Arsenate and Water Reduction on Iron Media Used for Arsenic Removal from Potable Water (2002)

Zerovalent iron filings have been proposed as a filter medium for removing As(III) and As(V) compounds from potable water. The removal mechanism involves complex formation of arsenite and arsenate with the iron surface and with iron oxides produced from iron corrosion. There is conflicting evidence in the literature on whether As(V) can be reduced to As(III) by iron filter media. This research uses electrochemical methods to investigate the redox reactions that occur on the surface of zerovalent iron in arsenic solutions. The effect of arsenic on the corrosion rate of zerovalent iron was investigated by analysis of Tafel diagrams for iron wire electrodes in anaerobic solutions with As(V) concentrations between 100 and 20,000 microg/L. As(V) reduction in the absence of surface oxides was investigated by analysis of chronoamperometry profiles for iron wire electrodes in solutions with As(V) concentrations ranging from 10000 to 106 microg/L. The effect of pH on As(V) reduction was investigated by analyses of chronopotentiometry profiles for iron wire electrodes at pH values of 2, 6.5, and 11. For freely corroding iron, the presence of As(III) and As(V) decreased the iron corrosion rate by a factor of 5 as compared to that in a 3 mM CaSO4 blank electrolyte solution. The decrease in corrosion rate was independent of the arsenic concentration and was due to the blocking of cathodic sites for water reduction by arsenic compounds chemisorbed to the iron surface. The chronoamperometry and chronopotentiometry experiments showed that elevated pH and increased As(III) to As(V) ratios near the iron surface decreased the thermodynamic favorability for As(V) reduction. Therefore, reduction of As(V) occurred only at potentials that were significantly below the apparent equilibrium potentials based on bulk solution pH values and As(III) to As(V) ratios. The potentials required to reduce more than 1% of the As(V) to As(III) were below those that are obtainable in freely corroding iron media. This indicates that there will be minimal or no reduction of As(V) in iron media filters under conditions relevant to potable water treatment.
Nutritional Value and Use of the Andean Crops Quinoa (<i>Chenopodium quinoa</i>) and Kañiwa (<i>Chenopodium pallidicaule</i>) (2003)

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoaWilld.) and kañiwa (Chenopodium pallidicauleAellen) are native food plants of high nutritional value grown in the Andean region and used as food by the Incas and previous cultures. Quinoa and kañiwa served as a substitute for scarce animal proteins and are still one of the principal protein sources of the region. The importance of these proteins is based on their quality, with a balanced composition of essential amino acids similar to the composition of casein, the protein of milk. According to studies at the Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM), quinoa and kañiwa have a very high chemical score, and one cultivar of quinoa, Amarilla de Marangani, does not have any limiting amino acid. It is also important to recognize and utilize the relatively high quantity of oil in quinoa and kañiwa. These grains can be a potential raw material for oil extraction. The highest percentage of fatty acids present in these oils is Omega 6 (linoleic acid), being 50.2% for quinoa and 42.6% for kañiwa. The fatty acid composition is similar to corn germ oil. The concentrations of γ- and α-tocoferol were for quinoa 797.2 and 721.4 ppm, and for kañiwa 788.4 and 726 ppm, respectively. Quinoa and kañiwa can been utilized in weaning food mixtures. Two dietary mixtures have been formulated: quinoa-kañiwa-beans and quinoa-kiwicha-beans, with high nutritional value. The mixtures had PER values close to that of casein: 2.36 and 2.59, respectively (casein 2.5). Also, elderly people and those with a need to lose weight can benefit from consumption of quinoa and kañiwa. The high content of dietary fiber has many positive health effects, for example, it can reduce the level of cholesterol in the blood and improve digestion. For this reason, consumers in developed countries may also have an interest in including quinoa into their diet.
Genetic, transcriptional and post-translational regulation of the programmed death protein ligand 1 in cancer: biology and clinical correlations (2018)

The programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) represent a well-characterized immune checkpoint in cancer, effectively targeted by monoclonal antibodies that are approved for routine clinical use. The regulation of PD-L1 expression is complex, varies between different tumor types and occurs at the genetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Copy number alterations of PD-L1 locus have been reported with varying frequency in several tumor types. At the transcriptional level, a number of transcriptional factors seem to regulate PD-L1 expression including HIF-1, STAT3, NF-κΒ, and AP-1. Activation of common oncogenic pathways such as JAK/STAT, RAS/ERK, or PI3K/AKT/MTOR, as well as treatment with cytotoxic agents have also been shown to affect tumoral PD-L1 expression. Correlative studies of clinical trials with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have so far shown markedly discordant results regarding the value of PD-L1 expression as a marker of response to treatment. As the indications for immune checkpoint inhibition broaden, understanding the regulation of PD-L1 in cancer will be of utmost importance for defining its role as predictive marker but also for optimizing strategies for cancer immunotherapy. Here, we review the current knowledge of PD-L1 regulation, and its use as biomarker and as therapeutic target in cancer.
Reading music from screens vs paper (1997)

The reading of music text from a computer screen was compared to paper in a laboratory controlled study. Computer-based animated score tracking devices of three types were tested, as well as a static screen representation of the music text and its paper-based counterpart. A proof-reading exercise was given to subjects, which involved them listening to pieces of music and identifying intentional errors in the score. Their subjective views were also recorded. No significant difference between the five presentation styles were apparent in the proofreading study. However, subjects showed a significant preference for animation over paper and static representation. The most popular style of animation was where each note on the score was marked in time to the music. The medium of paper performed better overall than the static screen representation.
Theoretical and Experimental Characteristics of a Ferromagnetic Amplifier Using Longitudinal Pumping (1961)

A ferromagnetic parametric amplifier requiring fractional watts of pump power has been developed and investigated experimentally. The amplifier employs magnetostatic modes as resonances which are parametrically pumped by a longitudinal rf magnetic field. A theoretical discussion of the characteristics of longitudinal parametric pumping on the magnetostatic modes is presented including selection rules for determining which pairs of modes can be pumped and an expression for the threshold pump field required for pumping the modes to oscillation. A relation for the gain-bandwidth product of the amplifier is derived, and it is shown how the coupling to the modes must be adjusted to maximize the gain-bandwidth. A model of the amplifier has been built which utilizes X-band pump power and amplifies at C-band frequencies. The signal circuit is a coaxial line with a loop connected from the center conductor around a sphere of yttrium iron garnet providing coupling to the magnetostatic modes. Results are presented of measurements at two different pump frequencies. In addition, several mechanisms are suggested as possible sources of noise in this amplifier.
Recursive causal models (1984)

Abstract The notion of a recursive causal graph is introduced, hopefully capturing the essential aspects of the path diagrams usually associated with recursive causal models. We describe the conditional independence constraints which such graphs are meant to embody and prove a theorem relating the fulfilment of these constraints by a probability distribution to a particular sort of factorisation. The relation of our results to the usual linear structural equations on the one hand, and to log-linear models, on the other, is also explained
Novel approach to relay setting development (2017)

The 2015 NERC State of Reliability Report states that 31% of mis-operations are attributed to incorrect settings/logic/design errors [1]. According to the report, one major cause of mis-operations is human error. We know today that the current relay settings development process is laborious and difficult to complete in an accurate manner with today's tools. This process requires the setting engineer to manually transfer vast amounts of data from short circuit programs to calculation sheets and finally to relay setting files. In addition, this process requires extensive resources in peer-peer review programs to minimize human error. Depending on the internal process of the utility, preventing errors might not be feasible with the current process. This paper outlines these deficiencies and presents an innovative novel method that unifies as well as drastically simplifies the relay setting process. This new approach proposes a new way to create intelligent calculation templates, eliminates human error due to data transfer, and automates the relay setting development process.
Open trial of supplements of omega 3 and 6 fatty acids, vitamins and minerals in atopic dermatitis (2006)

The open nature of this trial and the small number of subjects are major limitations of this study. The possible role of dietary omega 3 and 6 fatty acids in the treatment of atopic dermatitis should be tested more extensively in a double-blind trial using high doses of antioxidants combined with PUFA.
Short stature caused by isolated SHOX gene haploinsufficiency: update on the diagnosis and treatment. (2010)

Heterozygous SHOX defects are observed in about 50 to 90% of patients with Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis (LWD), a common dominant inherited skeletal dysplasia; and in 2 to 15% of children with idiopathic short stature (ISS), indicating that SHOX defects are the most important monogenetic cause of short stature. In addition, children selected by disproportionate idiopathic short stature had a higher frequency of SHOX mutations (22%). A careful clinical evaluation of family members with short stature is recommended since it usually revealed LWD patients in families first classified as having ISS or familial short stature. SHOX-molecular analysis is indicated in families with LWD and ISS children with disproportionate short stature. Treatment with recombinant human growth hormone is considered an accepted approach to treat short stature associated with isolated SHOX defect. Here we review clinical, molecular and therapeutic aspects of SHOX haploinsufficiency.
Digital Filter Implementation (2000)

In the first experiment of this laboratory, we examine a source code example of a cascaded biquad IIR filter implemented in fixed-point arithmetic. The second task deals with zero-input limit cycles in fixed-point IIR filters and in the last experiment, we use an FIR Hilbert transformer to implement a single-sideband modulator.
Cross coupling of polybromoiodobenzenes with some terminal alkynes (2008)

Sonogashira reactions of pentabromoiodobenzene and tetrabromo-1,4-diiodobenzene with various terminal alkynes at 20°C in benzene resulted in selective replacement of the iodine atoms with formation of the corresponding alk-1-yn-1-yl-substituted polybromobenzenes.
Flow cytometric analysis of stem cells derived from umbilical cord blood (2010)

Successful engraftment is highly dependent on the quality and quantity of stem cells and nucleated cells in cord blood. Storage of umbilical cord blood is expensive and it will be very useful if factors that influence cell count and viability could be identified to aid in the decision to process and store cord blood collections for the ultimate aim of successful engraftment. This study determined the standards for laboratory parameters of haematopoietic potential, such as collection volume, post processing volume, CD34+/45+ cell counts and viability of stem cells and leukocytes and cell ratios for the cord blood bank. In this research we determined whether maternal age and infant gender have an effect on laboratory parameters. We studied the effect of 4°C and room temperature (RT) as well as the period of storage on the same laboratory parameters. The quality and recovery of stem cells and leukocytes after laboratory manipulation was determined. Established standards for leukocyte count, stem cell count and collection volume compare well with other international UCB banks. Maternal age and infant gender have no influence on laboratory parameters and could therefore not be used as a measure of cell quantity and quality prior to processing. Cell count and cell viability of stem cells is not significantly influenced by 4°C or RT temperature or 24h and 48h storage. Leukocyte cell count and viability is not affected by storage temperature, but increased storage periods showed high levels of leukocyte cell count deterioration and decreased leukocyte cell viability. Processing of UCB causes significant cell loss in stem cells and leukocytes. Processing or no processing of UCB has showed no affect on the viability of stem cells stored at different storage periods and temperature. Temperature has no affect on leukocyte cell counts and viability of either processed or unprocessed leukocytes but increased storage periods dramatically decrease leukocyte count and viability. The information generated by this study will assist in the process of optimizing the storage of UCB. Copyright
Antimicrobial metabolites from the endophytic fungus Gliomastix murorum Ppf8 associated with the medicinal plant Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis (2012)

Two antimicrobial metabolites were obtained by bioassay-guided fractionation from the endophytic fungus Gliomastix murorum Ppf8 associated with the medicinal plant Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. By means of physicochemical and spectrometric analysis, they were identified as (1) ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-ol and (2) 2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-α,α-dimethyl-2-benzofuranmethanol. Both microdilution-colorimetric and spore germination assays were employed to evaluate their antimicrobial activity. Two compounds were screened to be active against the test microorganisms with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 100 to 200 μg/ml, and the median inhibitory concentration (IC50) values ranged from 55.65 to 145.36 μg/ml. The results provide promising baseline information for the potential application of the metabolites of this endophytic fungus as antimicrobial agents.
HEMODYNAMICS OF LEFT VENTRICULAR APEX-AORTIC VALVED CONDUITS. (1979)

A flow model for analyzing the fluid mechanics of left ventricular-aortic valved conduits has been established. The model is based on a parallel flow circuit analogy of Ohm's law, the classic analysis of Gorlin and Gorlin(1) for the determination of valvular areas, and an empirical constant, introduced by Gentle,(2) that is descriptive of prosthetic heart valve performance. Favorable comparisons with clinical data indicate that the flow model is capable of predicting volumetric rates of flow through the valved conduit and through the aorta. Applications of the model are discussed in terms of altering the design of the valved conduit to improve its performance. The effect of valvular efficiency on conduit performance is investigated, and it is concluded that the Starr-Edwards ball valve and the Hancock 250 valve offer attractive alternatives if the objective is to increase the volumetric rate of flow through the valved conduit, or to decrease the volumetric rate of flow through the stenotic aortic valve, or both.
Dough Stage Best for Oat Silage (1961)

Four years of research at the Experiment Station show that the dough stage is the best time to harvest oats for silage. Oats cut then produced more tons of silage, had a good aroma, and the cows liked it best.
Partial Resurfacing Arthroplasty of the Femoral Head in Avascular Necrosis (2001)

The current study reports results using a partial surface replacement for osteonecrosis of the femoral head. The surgical technique, implant design, and instrumentation cause minor soft tissue disruption and require little bony resection. Thirty-seven prostheses were placed in 33 patients during the past 7 years. The mean age of the patients was 43 years (range, 24-59 years), and the preoperative Ficat classification was Stage III in 26 hips, Stage IV in 10, and Stage II in one hip. For the surviving prostheses, the mean followup was 49 months (range, 24-89 months). Of the 28 surviving implants, 24 continue to function well and the patients have excellent or good hip scores according to the Merle d'Aubigne system. There were nine failures, mainly attributable to the extension of the osteonecrosis. In comparison with alternative techniques, the operative surgery for partial surface replacement is straightforward, requiring little preoperative planning and immediate weightbearing postoperatively. Should failure occur, little bone stock loss is incurred and revision to a total hip replacement is as simple as primary hip arthroplasty.
Interstitial Fibrosis, Functional Status, and Outcomes in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction (2016)

We demonstrate that MOLLI-ECV in HFpEF accurately reflects histological ECV, correlates with markers of disease severity, and is associated with outcome among cardiac magnetic resonance parameters but not after adjustment for important clinical and invasive hemodynamic parameters. Nevertheless, MOLLI-ECV has the potential of becoming an important biomarker in HFpEF.
A Nanowatt Bandgap Voltage Reference For Ultra-Low Power Applications (2006)

A low voltage low power voltage reference for biomedical and embedded applications is proposed. The reference voltage has been designed in a mixed-signal 0.13 mum CMOS process for source voltages as low as 0.5 V. The reference makes use of MOSFETs in the weak inversion region to consume nanowatts of power. Monte Carlo simulations show an average temperature coefficient of 2.2ppm/degC from -40 degC to 100 degC. The circuit layout occupies approximately 25mum times 10 mum and draws 80 nA from a 500 mV supply
Synthesis of Ladder-type Radio Frequency Surface Acoustic Wave Filter Based on Lumped Circuit Model by Using Neural Network (2019)

With the development of mobile communication technology, the demand for mobile devices continues to rise. Acoustic devices such as radio frequency (RF) filters and duplexers are widely used in mobile handsets because of their excellent electric performance characteristics. However, the key bottleneck is how to convert a lumped circuit model into the structure parameters of an acoustic resonator for RF circuit designers so that they can apply RF circuit design tools in designing surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices. The neural network (NN) has been widely applied in various science and management areas for its powerful learning and mapping capabilities. In this paper, a method of building a bridge between the lumped equivalent circuit (EC) model and structure parameters of a SAW resonator is proposed. The approach begins with establishing a database that shows the relationship between the values of the lumped EC and corresponding structure parameters of the SAW resonator. A four-layered NN with the back-propagation (BP) algorithm is adopted to determine the relationship between the structure parameters of the SAW resonator and the lumped EC. Then, other input/output pairs are presented to check if the estimated lumped EC matched with original circuit. Finally, as an example, the design of a long term evolution (LTE) transmitter (Tx) filter is developed to demonstrate the proposed approach.
Inhibition by zinc of hemolysis induced by bacterial and other cytolytic agents (1976)

Zinc, cupric, and cadmium ions, in that order of effectiveness, inhibited lysis of washed, rabbit erythrocytes by the toxic bacterial product aerolysin. Hemolysis induced by a variety of other lytic agents was also inhibited by Zn2+ in approximately the same concentration as that, 0.33 mM, needed to inhibit aerolysin-induced hemolysis. Zinc ions did not inhibit osmotic lysis. Inhibition requires the continues presence of Zn2+ and apparently involves a readily reversible binding of Zn2+ to the cell surface, which, it is postulated is accompanied by a reversible alteration in the state of the lipid bilayer.
The approach of Indian corporates towards sustainable development: An exploration using sustainable development goals based model (2020)

Abstract This study aims to evaluate the contribution of the Indian corporate world towards sustainable development. We propose a framework of Corporate Sustainability Performance derived from factors suggested by Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a component of a global agenda for sustainability. This framework is further applied to evaluate the sustainability performance of Indian firms to identify potential gaps in their sustainability efforts. The impact of factors like firm‐size, ownership structure, and environmental sensitivity of firms has been statistically tested for these firms. The paper uses a mixed‐method where content analysis has been applied to generate the data by analyzing disclosure reports of the top 100 Indian firms for the year 2016–2017, and a mathematical model is used to arrive at sustainability performance factors at various levels. Statistical tools like descriptive analytics, t test, and analysis of variance are used to test various hypotheses. The findings suggest a significant gap in the full potential and current status of sustainability investments by Indian corporates and hence confirm a huge improvement potential. “Cement” is the best performing sector, whereas “Media” is at the bottom of the performance stack. The Indian corporate world aligns its maximum effort along the “Education and Learning” dimension, whereas minimum effort is made for “Oceans, Sea, and Marine.” A significant difference was found for the performance based on environment sensitivity and firm‐size. Differences across firms based on ownership identity and concentration could not be established. The study highlights the implications for the regulatory mechanism that needs to change if the contribution from the private sector is required for SDGs.
Subcutaneous adrenaline versus terbutaline in the treatment of acute severe asthma. (1988)

Subcutaneous adrenaline and terbutaline have been compared in a double blind study of 20 patients with acute severe asthma presenting to an accident and emergency department. Ten patients received adrenaline 0.5 mg (0.5 ml) and 10 terbutaline 0.5 mg (0.5 ml) subcutaneously. Further treatment with nebulised salbutamol (5 mg), hydrocortisone (200 mg), and aminophylline (0.9 mg/kg/hour) was started 15 minutes later. All patients reported a reduction in chest tightness within three minutes of receiving both adrenaline and terbutaline and reported no adverse effects. Mean baseline values of peak expiratory flow (PEF) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) did not differ significantly between the adrenaline group (130 1 min-1 and 0.83 l) and the terbutaline group (111 1 min-1 and 0.63 l). After administration of adrenaline PEF had increased by 21% and FEV1 by 40% five minutes after the injection, and by 35% and 64% at 15 minutes. Terbutaline caused a 23% increase in PEF and a 37% increase in FEV1 at five minutes, and a 40% and 58% increase at 15 minutes. There was no significant difference in PEF, FEV1, heart rate, blood pressure, or pulsus paradoxus between the two groups at any time. Continuous electrocardiographic recording showed no abnormalities in either group. Thus in this study subcutaneous adrenaline (0.5 mg) and terbutaline (0.5 mg) produced effective rapid bronchodilatation without serious side effects.