gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biodesulfurization of mild gasification liquid products. Final technical report, 1 September, 1992--31 August, 1993 (1993)

The mild gasification of coal, as being developed at IGT and elsewhere, is a promising new technology that can convert coal to multiple products: gas, solid, and liquids. Mild gasification liquids can be used as feedstock to make transportation fuels and chemicals. However, the sulfur content and aromaticity of mild gasification liquids limits their usefulness and biodesulfurization can potentially decrease both sulfur content and aromaticity. The objective of this project is to investigate and feasibility of using biodesulfurization to upgrade the quality of mild gasification liquids. During this project, it was shown that the middle distillate (360--440 F) fraction of liquids derived from the mild gasification of coal, and unfractionated liquids can be biodesulfurized. Moreover, it was demonstrated that lysed cell preparations and freeze-dried cells can be used to biodesulfurize mild coal gasification liquids. The importance of the finding that freeze-dried biocatalysts can be used to biodesulfurize mild coal gasification liquids is that freeze-dried cells can be produced at one location, stored indefinitely, and then shipped (at reduced weight, volume, and cost) to another location for coal biodesulfurization. Moreover, freeze-dried biocatalysts can be added directly to mild coal gasification liquids with only minimal additions of water so that reactor volumes can be minimized.
Hybrid Periodic Boundary Condition for Particle Swarm Optimization (2007)

A molecular dynamics (MD) formulation of particle swarm optimization (PSO) is established formally. Based on this analogy, the periodic boundary condition (PBC) is introduced to the PSO method by postulating that the swarm environment is similar to crystal bulk materials studied using MD. A combination of soft and hard boundary modes is employed in the formulation of the hybrid version of the proposed PBC. The hybrid version represents a substantial modification of the scenario assumed in theoretical physics but is allowed here to suit the PSO environment. The hybrid PBC proved to be superior to previously established boundary conditions when applied to standard test functions and the practical problem of linear antenna array synthesis.
Synthesis of 1-(2-Aminophenyl)isoquinolines and the Biological Activity of Their <i>cis</i>-Dichloro Platinum(II) Complexes (1999)

The broad biological effects of isoquinolines prompted us to use them as chelating, nonleaving ligands in cis-platinum(II) antitumor complexes. The synthesis of several 1-(2-aminophenyl)isoquinoline derivatives with different levels of hydrogenation and varying substitution of the phenyl ring is reported. These compounds constitute a new class of ligands for the synthesis of oligocyclic platinum(II) complexes. In vitro cytotoxicity tests indicate that the most basic amine ligands afford the most effective complexes. Two of the new complexes were more potent against L1210 murine leukemia cells than the well-established antitumor compound cisplatinum.
Application of high level interface-based design to telecommunications system hardware (2003)

The assumption in moving system modelling to higher levels is that this improves the design process by allowing exploration of the architecture, providing an unambiguous specification and catching system errors early. We used the interface-based high level abstractions of VHDL+ in a real design, and in parallel with the actual project to investigate the validity of these claims.
An investigation of the properties and possible clinical significance of the lysosomal α‐glucosidase GAA* 2 allele (1989)

Properties of the acid alpha-glucosidase, GAA2, the product of the GAA*2 allele have been compared with those of the common allele product GAA1, GAA2 has an altered affinity for glycogen but resembles GAA1 in its affinity for low molecular weight substrates, and also in its processing, as judged by immunoblot analysis of the denatured polypeptides. Starch gel electrophoretic analysis of fibroblasts from 15 patients with late onset glycogen storage disease type II (GSDII) failed to reveal either homozygotes or heterozygotes for the GAA*2 allele (GAA2-2 or GAA2-0) providing evidence that neither of these genotypes lead to late onset GSDII despite the impaired activity of the enzyme towards glycogen.
Processing of PDGF gene products determines interactions with glycosaminoglycans (1999)

The platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), a mitogen for mesenchymal cells, may be bound to and inhibited by heparin and other glycosaminoglycans. PDGF is a homo- or heterodimer of A- and B-chains. They occur as short (A109 and B110) and long (A125 and B160) isoforms. The latter contain basic carboxyl-terminal extensions. Dimeric A125 binds to heparin through its basic extension in a two-step reaction. The mechanism involves a conformational change and is consistent with a Monod–Wyman–Changeux allosteric model. Previous indirect experiments suggested that three critical amino acids (basic R111, K116 and polar T125) might be involved. Here, direct binding experiments using dimeric full-length mutants in surface plasmon resonanse analysis showed that all three critical amino acids in an R(X)4K(X)8T-motif contributed in a concerted manner to the high affinity binding. Mutations of these amino acids to alanine resulted in large thermodynamic changes, loss of the allosteric mechanism and order(s) of magnitude lower binding affinity. The binding mechanism and affinity of long dimeric rB were similar to the mutants. Short dimeric rA109 and rB110 showed 100 times lower binding affinity than rA125. Consequently, interactions with glycosaminoglycans in tissues varies between PDGF isoforms and may influence their local accumulation and activity. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control of Nonholonomic Mobile Robot Formations Using Neural Networks (2007)

In this paper the control of formations of multiple nonholonomic mobile robots is attempted by integrating a kinematic controller with a neural network (NN) computed-torque controller. A combined kinematic/torque control law is developed for leader-follower based formation control using backstepping in order to accommodate the dynamics of the robots and the formation in contrast with kinematic-based formation controllers. The NN is introduced to approximate the dynamics of the follower as well as its leader using online weight tuning. It is shown using Lyapunov theory that the errors for the entire formation are uniformly ultimately bounded, and numerical results are provided.
Fibrate treatment for primary biliary cirrhosis (2014)

A considerable body of observational evidence supports the safety and efficacy of fibrate treatment in PBC patients with an incomplete response to UDCA. These results encourage the evaluation of its effects on liver-related morbidity and mortality in larger clinical trials.
MYRF Is a Membrane-Associated Transcription Factor That Autoproteolytically Cleaves to Directly Activate Myelin Genes (2013)

The myelination of axons is a crucial step during vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) development, allowing for rapid and energy efficient saltatory conduction of nerve impulses. Accordingly, the differentiation of oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the CNS, and their expression of myelin genes are under tight transcriptional control. We previously identified a putative transcription factor, Myelin Regulatory Factor (Myrf), as being vital for CNS myelination. Myrf is required for the generation of CNS myelination during development and also for its maintenance in the adult. It has been controversial, however, whether Myrf directly regulates transcription, with reports of a transmembrane domain and lack of nuclear localization. Here we show that Myrf is a membrane-associated transcription factor that undergoes an activating proteolytic cleavage to separate its transmembrane domain-containing C-terminal region from a nuclear-targeted N-terminal region. Unexpectedly, this cleavage event occurs via a protein domain related to the autoproteolytic intramolecular chaperone domain of the bacteriophage tail spike proteins, the first time this domain has been found to play a role in eukaryotic proteins. Using ChIP-Seq we show that the N-terminal cleavage product directly binds the enhancer regions of oligodendrocyte-specific and myelin genes. This binding occurs via a defined DNA-binding consensus sequence and strongly promotes the expression of target genes. These findings identify Myrf as a novel example of a membrane-associated transcription factor and provide a direct molecular mechanism for its regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation and CNS myelination.
Evaluation of five temperature‐sensitive mutants of respiratory syncytial virus in primates: I. Viral shedding, immunologic response, and associated illness (1978)

Abstract Approximately 10 4 plaque‐forming units (pfu) of five temperature‐sensitive ( ts ) mutants of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus were administered intranasally to seronegative chimpanzees to evaluate their level of attenuation. When the ts ‐1 mutant was given to two chimpanzees, the pattern of viral growth and illness (rhinorrhea) was similar to that seen during wild‐type RS virus infection. Two further defective subclones of ts ‐1, ts ‐1 NG‐1 and ts ‐1 NG‐16, appeared more attenuated than ts ‐1 with respect to severity of rhinorrhea. The ts ‐7 mutant infected the one animal tested; illness was similar to that induced by ts ‐1 or wild‐type virus. 10 4 pfu of the ts ‐2 mutant failed to infect two chimpanzees; virus was not isolated, a serum antibody response was not detected, and unlike chimpanzees given the other ts mutants, these animals were not resistant to challenge with wild‐type virus. A 40‐fold larger inoculum of ts ‐2, 10 5, 6 pfu, infected each of four chimpanzees, but the peak quantity of virus shed was approximately 500‐fold lower than during wild‐type virus infection. Significantly, the ts ‐2 infected chimpanzees did not become ill, but infection did stimulate the development of RS virus serum neutralizing antibodies. The one chimpanzee given 10 7, 6 pfu of the ts ‐2 mutant shed as much virus as the chimpanzees infected with wild‐type virus; however, there were no signs of upper respiratory tract illness. Owl monkeys resembled chimpanzees in shedding s large amount of virus and developing rhinorrhea following administration of wild‐type virus or the ts ‐1 mutant. Significantly, 10 5, 3 pfu of ts ‐2 infected only one of two owl monkeys tested, but a small quantity of virus (>10 pfu/ml) was shed. These observations suggested that the ts ‐2 mutant was the most attenuated vaccine cadidate strain tested, and that extent of infection with rs ‐2 appeared to be related to the quantity of virus administered.
Reactive pulsed laser deposition assisted by rf discharge plasma (2000)

AlN nitride films are grown by reactive pulsed laser ablation of aluminum target in N<SUB>2</SUB> atmosphere. The influence of process parameters such as N<SUB>2</SUB> pressure and laser fluence is investigated. Films are characterized by Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy, Nuclear Reaction Analysis, X Ray Diffraction and X Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. O contamination appears in the film and its origin is discussed. To enhance N<SUB>2</SUB> dissociation, a RF discharge device is coupled to the deposition chamber. Its effect on thin film composition is studied. Emission spectroscopy is performed in order to find the best RF working point for N<SUB>2</SUB> molecule dissociation and to understand species transport from the target towards the substrate as a function of process parameters. Thin film with a stoichiometry near to Al<SUB>1</SUB>N<SUB>1</SUB> can be obtained with low O contamination working with 6 J/cm<SUP>2</SUP> laser fluence, 0.01 mbar N<SUB>2</SUB> with RF discharge added.
UDP-(5F)-GlcNAc Acts as a Slow-Binding Inhibitor of MshA, a Retaining Glycosyltransferase (2010)

Glycosyltransferase enzymes play important roles in numerous cellular pathways. Despite their participation in many therapeutically relevant pathways, there is a paucity of information on how to effectively inhibit this class of enzymes. Here we report that UDP-(5F)-GlcNAc acts as a slow-binding, competitive inhibitor of the retaining glycosyltransferase MshA from Corynebacterium glutamicum (K(i) approximately 1.6 muM). The kinetic data are consistent with a single-step inhibition mechanism whose equilibration is slow relative to catalysis. We believe that this is the first slow-onset inhibitor to be reported for the glycosyltransferase family of enzymes. The potent inhibition of the enzyme by the fluoro-substituted substrate is consistent with the involvement of an oxocarbenium transition-state structure, which has been previously proposed for this family of enzymes. Additionally, although several members of the GT-B enzyme family, including MshA, have been shown to undergo a conformational change upon UDP-GlcNAc binding, the kinetic data are inconsistent with a two-step inhibition mechanism. This suggests that there may be other conformations of the enzyme that are useful for the design of inhibitors against the large family of GT-B glycosyltransferase enzymes.
Antimicrobial Silver in Medicinal and Consumer Applications: A Patent Review of the Past Decade (2007–2017) (2018)

The use of silver to control infections was common in ancient civilizations. In recent years, this material has resurfaced as a therapeutic option due to the increasing prevalence of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials. This renewed interest has prompted researchers to investigate how the antimicrobial properties of silver might be enhanced, thus broadening the possibilities for antimicrobial applications. This review presents a compilation of patented products utilizing any forms of silver for its bactericidal actions in the decade 2007⁻2017. It analyses the trends in patent applications related to different forms of silver and their use for antimicrobial purposes. Based on the retrospective view of registered patents, statements of prognosis are also presented with a view to heightening awareness of potential industrial and health care applications.
P149-M Proteomics Sample Preparation Using Magnetic Bead Based Technologies (2007)

We have developed a range of magnetic beads for protein and/or peptide sample isolation and fractionation that can be utilised in proteomics strategies and workflows. A significant challenge in proteomics today is overcoming the dynamic range of protein abundance. High throughput proteomics requires efficient methods to analyze complex protein mixtures. It is often necessary to reduce sample complexity for many proteomics strategies. The use of magnetic beads for sample preparation enables protocols to be automated and throughput to be increased. The kinetics of bead-based sample preparation is very efficient and washing can be done thoroughly. In addition, preparation is flexible regarding sample and buffer volumes. Consequently, low abundant proteins can be concentrated from large sample volumes. We have developed protein purification methods based on the use of magnetic bead technology. These methods are used for the fractionation of complex protein samples and for isolation of proteins or peptides.
IgG to foods: a test not ready for prime time (2007)

aUniversity of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA bChildren's Hospital Charité, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany Correspondence to Suzanne S. Teuber, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, 451 E. Health Sciences Dr., Suite 6510, Davis, CA 95616, USA Tel: +(530) 752 4257; fax: +(530) 754 6047; e-mail: [email protected]
Autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism: A key to understanding nigral degeneration in sporadic Parkinson's disease (2000)

The contribution of genetic factors to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is supported by the demonstration of the high concordance in twins studies using positron emission tomography (PET), the increased risk among relatives of PD patients in case-control and family studies, and the existence of familial PD and parkinsonism by single gene defect. Recently several genes have been mapped and/or identified. Alpha-synuclein is involved in a rare dominant form of familial PD with dopa-responsive parkinsonism features and Lewy body-positive pathology. In contrast, parkin is responsible for the autosomal recessive form (AR-JP) of early onset PD with Lewy body-negative pathology. The clinical features of this form include early onset (in the 20s), levodopa-responsive parkinsonism, diurnal fluctuation, and slow progression of the disease. Parkin consists of 12 exons and the estimated size is over 1.5 Mb. To date, variable mutations such as deletions or point mutations resulting in missense and nonsense changes have been reported in AR-JP patients. In addition, the localization of parkin indicates that parkin may be involved in the axonal transport system. More recently we have found that parkin interacts with the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 and is functionally linked to the Ub-proteasome pathway as a ubiquitin ligase, E3. These findings fit the characteristics of a lack of Lewy bodies (these are cytoplasmic inclusions that are considered to be a pathological hallmark). Our findings should enhance the exploration of the mechanisms of neuronal death in PD as well as other neurodegenerative disorders of which variable inclusion bodies are observed.
Sensitivity of Multi Carrier 2 Dimensional Spreading Systems to Carrier Phase Noise (2006)

Phase noise is a topic of theoretical and practical interest in electronic circuits. Although progress has been made in the characterization of its description, there is still considerable gaps in its effect especially on the multi carrier spreading systems. In this paper, we investigate the impact of a local oscillator phase noise on the multi carrier 2 dimensional spreading systems known as OFDM-CDMA. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, we use some properties of random matrix and free probability theory to give a simplified expression of the signal to interference and noise ratio SINR obtained after equalization and despreading. The latter is independent of the actual value of the spreading codes of different users and depends principally on the complex amplitudes of the estimated channel coefficients. Second, we use this expression to derive new weighting functions which are very interesting for the RF engineers when they design the frequency synthesizer. Simulation results are provided to discuss and validate our model
Exo-Proofreading, A Versatile SNP Scoring Technology (2003)

We report the validation of a new assay for typing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that takes advantage of the 3'-to-5' exonuclease proofreading activity of many DNA polymerases. The assay uses one or more primers labeled on the 3' nucleotide base, and can be implemented in a variety of formats including a one-step PCR reaction that allows SNP typing directly from genomic DNA samples. The detection of genotypes can be accomplished by means of fluorescence detection on assays that have been purified to remove excess primer, or by means of fluorescence polarization without any additional cleanup. We also demonstrate that the Exo-Proofreading SNP assay can be used on pooled samples to obtain allele frequency data.
A New Method for Evaluating Gastric Ulcer Healing by Endoscopic Ultrasonography (1991)

We observed the quantitative estimation of the transmural changes associated with gastric ulcer healing by using endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). It was possible to diagnose the depth of ulcer by EUS. Forty-eight patients were divided into three treatment groups. Group A (n = 16) was treated with 800 mg cimetidine daily, group B (n = 22) with 20 mg omeprazole daily, and group C (n = 10) with 400 mg cimetidine + 300 mg gefarnate daily. EUS was performed before and after 2, 4, and 8 weeks of treatment. The groups were compared from the viewpoints of endoscopic findings and contraction rate of the length and the cross-sectional area of the ulcer in EUS pictures. The best healing of both the endoscopic and EUS findings was seen in group B. By estimating the changes inside the ulcer, EUS may provide useful information for choice of anti-ulcer agents.
Ionization Energy of Mg and Be Acceptors in GaAs (1970)

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Studies of early stages of differentiation of the cellular slime mould<i>Dictyostelium discoideum</i> (1982)

ABSTRACT Countercurrent distribution in a polymer, two-phase system has been used to study changes in the cell surface properties of amoebae of Dictyostelium discoideum. Amoebae harvested during exponential growth in axenic culture and during the subsequent first six hours of development on Millipore filters were distributed as a single peak. However, the position of the peak changed during the period of early development which showed that changes in cell surface properties were occurring. At aggregation (8 h), the peak markedly broadened, indicating considerable increase in cell surface heterogeneity amongst the amoebae, and heterogeneity was so great by 9 –10 h that the amoebae distributed as two peaks. Amoebae from one peak were shown to be precursors of spores while amoebae from the other peak appeared to be precursors of stalk cells. Similarly, amoebae from the trailing and leading edges of the broad peak, formed from amoebae beginning to aggregate (8 h), were found to have different fates. Thus cell differentiation had been found at times of development prior to formation of aggregates having apical tips or anterior-posterior polarity and neither of these features of aggregates can be essential for initiation of cell differentiation. It is therefore concluded that differentiation is not initiated in D. discoideum in response to ‘positional information’.
Minimizing the risk of postoperative infection (2009)

Surgical site infections occur in approximately 2.6% of the patient population, causing considerable discomfort and expense. We review the microbiology and pathogenesis of surgical site infections and identify the most common risk factors in patients. Steps to reduce infection can be taken in three phases of patient care: preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative. Antimicrobial prophylaxis has emerged as a standard of care in many procedures, and new developments in the operating room environment may improve effectiveness against the development of surgical site infections. Orthopaedic surgeons must take every reasonable measure to reduce the occurrence of postoperative infection.
Outcomes in patients with gram-negative sepsis treated with gentamicin (2012)

Despite the modest doses of gentamicin used in an elderly population with comorbidities, as well as the absence of optimal TDM, outcomes were favourable without preventable serious toxicity.