gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Post-polymerization of preorganized assemblies for creating shape-controlled functional materials (2006)

Combination of supramolecular chemistry with molecular recognition has been successfully applied to creating large superstructures with a wide variety of morphologies. Control of shapes and patterns of ordered molecular assemblies in nano and micro scales has attracted considerable interest as promising bottom-up technology. It is known, however, that these molecular assembling superstructures are fragile, reflecting the characteristic of the non-covalent interaction, a driving force operating in these molecular systems. In fact, they easily collapse or change by small perturbation in the environmental conditions. Thus, over the last decade, researchers have been seeking possible methods for the immobilization these superstructures. This critical review focuses on recent advances in in situ post-modification under the influence of the molecular assemblies as templates and polymerization of ordered molecular assemblies such as organogel fibers and crystals to preserve their original superstructures and intensify their mechanical strength.
Getting Your Game On: Using Virtual Reality to Improve Real Table Tennis Skills (2019)

Objective: The present study investigates skill transfer from Virtual Reality (VR) sports training to the real world, using the fast-paced sport of table tennis.Background: A key assumption of VR training is that the learned skills and experiences transfer to the real world. Yet, in certain application areas, such as VR sports training, the research testing this assumption is sparse.Design: Real-world table tennis performance was assessed using a mixed-model analysis of variance. The analysis comprised a between-subjects (VR training group vs control group) and a within-subjects (pre- and post-training) factor. Method: Fifty-seven participants (23 females) were either assigned to a VR training group (n = 29) or no-training control group (n = 28). During VR training, participants were immersed in competitive table tennis matches against an artificial intelligence opponent. An expert table tennis coach evaluated participants on real-world table tennis playing before and after the training phase. Blinded regarding participant's group assignment, the expert assessed participants’ backhand, forehand and serving on quantitative aspects (e.g. count of rallies without errors) and quality of skill aspects (e.g. technique and consistency).Results: VR training significantly improved participants’ real-world table tennis performance compared to a no-training control group in both quantitative (p&lt;.001, partial eta2 = .301) and quality of skill assessments (p&lt;.001, Cohen’s d = 1.10).Conclusions: This study adds to a sparse yet expanding literature, demonstrating real-world skill transfer from Virtual Reality in an athletic task.
El legado de Prometeo : aspectos del análisis matemático para el siglo XXI (2009)

Primera parte del ciclo de conferencias impartidas por los cientificos que han obtenido el proyecto de excelencia Prometeo 2008 de la Generalitat Valenciana. La comunicacion social de la ciencia es una labor importante que los cientificos profesionales deben considerar entre sus actividades. Este ciclo pretende acercar al publico general el objetivo de estos proyectos de investigacion y el desarrollo de las actividades que estos grupos de excelencia llevan a cabo.
Airway Epithelium (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Anatomy and physiology Models used to study epithelial cells Pathophysiology Conclusion References
You can run, you can hide: The epidemiology and statistical mechanics of zombies (2015)

We use a popular fictional disease, zombies, in order to introduce techniques used in modern epidemiology modeling, and ideas and techniques used in the numerical study of critical phenomena. We consider variants of zombie models, from fully connected continuous time dynamics to a full scale exact stochastic dynamic simulation of a zombie outbreak on the continental United States. Along the way, we offer a closed form analytical expression for the fully connected differential equation, and demonstrate that the single person per site two dimensional square lattice version of zombies lies in the percolation universality class. We end with a quantitative study of the full scale US outbreak, including the average susceptibility of different geographical regions.
Influence of Secondary Currents on Solute Dispersion in Curved Open Channels (2012)

The dispersion coefficient tensor including off‐diagonal components was introduced in the flow with secondary currents, which is called skewed shear flow dispersion (SSFD) coefficient tensor, in this paper. To observe the detailed effect of cross‐dispersion terms in SSFD model on solute dispersion, mathematical analysis of eigenvalue problem with respect to the equation with SSFD coefficient tensor was performed. The analysis results show the several differences of SSFD model compared to CSFD (conventional shear flow dispersion) model: the oblique direction of principal dispersion with respect to the streamline, the increase of peak concentration, and the change in the eccentricity of elliptical tracer cloud. SSFD coefficient tensor in a streamwise curvilinear coordinate system of curved channel was transformed to those components of fixed Cartesian coordinate system, and 2D numerical model with finite element method was established in the Eulerian‐Cartesian coordinate. Through this process, the transformation equation using the depth‐averaged velocity field was derived. Several numerical tests were performed to assure the results obtained in the mathematical analysis and to show the applicability of the derived transformation equation on the flow with continuously changing flow direction.
Endotoxic Shock in the Bovine (1988)

Immunity directed against common gram-negative core antigens may provide the opportunity for host species to target the environmental contaminants and commensual bacteria, which under the appropriate conditions cause life-threatening gram-negative sepsis and/ or endotoxemia.
Silicon optical switch monolithically integrated with driver electronics and its power efficient driving (2016)

We review our research on the photonic-electronic monolithic integration technology on the photonic SOI platform. Based on this technology, the large-current MOSFET was developed and monolithically integrated with the silicon thermo-optic (TO) Mach-Zehnder switch. Power efficient pulse-width modulation driving for the TO switch was demonstrated using this MOSFET as the driver electronics. This work enables the digital driving method for TO switches and proves the feasibility of incorporating TO-based modules into photonic-electronic convergence on the photonic SOI platform.
Quantitative Structure−Activity Relationship (5D-QSAR) Study of Combretastatin-like Analogues as Inhibitors of Tubulin Assembly (2004)

A molecular modeling study was carried out to develop a predictive model for combretastatin-like analogues populating the colchicine-binding site of beta-tubulin. A series of compounds built around a framework including two aromatic groups linked by various moieties such as alkenes (stilbenes), enones (chalcones), or ethers was selected for the study. The 5D-QSAR model was developed stepwise. First a model was generated for the chalcone series (19 compounds, 71 conformations), then for the stilbene series (18 compounds, 59 conformations), and finally for the combined dataset (47 ligands, 160 conformers). Although the models for the chalcone and stilbene series appeared slightly different when represented by QSAR colored surfaces, the combined model seems to reconcile the differences without compromise and represents a highly predictive model for compounds that bind to the colchicine-binding site of tubulin.
Comparing explicit and implicit feedback techniques for Web retrieval: TREC-10 interactive track report (2002)

In this paper we examine the extent to which implicit feedback (where the system attempts to estimate what the user may be interested in) can act as a substitute for explicit feedback (where searchers explicitly mark documents relevant). Therefore, we attempt to side-step the problem of getting users to explicitly mark documents relevant by making
Protection against <i>Leishmania major</i> in BALB/c mice by adoptive transfer of a T cell clone recognizing a low molecular weight antigen released by promastigotes. (1990)

We have shown previously that BALB/c mice can be protected against a fatal infection with Leishmania major by adoptive transfer of a T cell line recognizing a protective soluble fraction (fraction 9) of promastigotes. We now describe the isolation and characterization of a T cell clone (9.1-2) that also transfers protective immunity against Leishmania. After Ag or mitogen stimulation, this clone secrets IL-2 and IFN-gamma, but not IL-4 or IL-5. The clone preferentially recognizes L. major fraction 9, and in addition, soluble Ag from Leishmania donovani, Leishmania amazonensis, and Leishmania braziliensis, but not from the related flagellates, Trypanosoma cruzi or Crithidia fasciculata. Besides being contained in fraction 9, the stimulatory Ag is also released from the parasite, because concentrated promastigote culture supernatants induced IFN-gamma production by 9.1-2. By means of T cell immunoblotting, we determined that 9.1-2 recognized a protein with a relative m.w. between 8,000 and 12,000, and within this region is a predominant protein contained in fraction 9 of approximately 10,000 m.w. These data identify a new candidate Ag for immunization against protozoa belonging to the genus Leishmania.
Self-Condensation of Cyclohexanone over Ion Exchange Resin Catalysts:  Kinetics and Selectivity Aspects (2007)

Self-condensation of cyclohexanone yields an isomeric mixture of compounds, which has important industrial applications. In this work, the intrinsic kinetics for this reaction was generated in a stirred batch reactor at atmospheric pressure over the temperature range of 353−373 K. The effect of various parameters such as temperature and catalyst loading was investigated, and also the reusability of the catalyst was studied. Further, the performance of various catalysts was evaluated. The presence of water as a reaction product inhibits the reaction rate, leading to lower conversion levels. The reaction was studied with special emphasis toward variation of selectivity with conversion. An activity-based kinetic model was developed for the reacting system, which represents the data quite well. Reactive distillation can be advantageously used to enhance the selectivity toward the desired product.
Volatile Profiles of Decaying Apple Fruit (1997)

The changes in volatile-aroma of Penicillium expansium and Botrytis cinerea fungi and apple fruit inoculated with these fungi were studied using GC-MS. A specially designed chamber with raised end glass tubes with access ports fitted with Teflon-lined septa was used to determine the volatile profile for fungi on agar. Inoculated fruit were placed in glass flow-through chambers similarly fitted with sampling ports. Volatile collection from fruits or fungi was accomplished using solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) device (Supelco, Inc.). In fungi-inoculated fruits, volatiles not produced by uninfected fruit included formic acid, 2-cyano acetamide; 1-hydroxy-2-propanone, and 1-1-diethoxy-2-propanone, which were initially detected 6 hr after inoculation. These new volatiles are suggested to be synthesized specifically by the action of fungi on fruits as they were not detected from fungi that were grown on agar or bruised fruits. In general, esters, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, acids, and hydrocarbons other than α - farnesene declined in fungi infected fruits.
Cloning and sequencing of a [NiFe] hydrogenase operon from Desulfovibrio vulgaris Miyazaki F (1990)

A hydrogenase operon was cloned from chromosomal DNA isolated from Desulfovibrio vulgaris Miyazaki F with the use of probes derived from the genes encoding [NiFe] hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough. The nucleic acid sequence of the cloned DNA indicates this hydrogenase to be a two-subunit enzyme: the gene for the small subunit (267 residues; molecular mass = 28763 Da) precedes that for the large subunit (566 residues; molecular mass = 62495 Da), as in other [NiFe] and [NiFeSe] hydrogenase operons. The amino acid sequences of the small and large subunits of the Miyazaki hydrogenase share 80% homology with those of the [NiFe] hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio gigas. Fourteen cysteine residues, ten in the small and four in the large subunit, which are thought to co-ordinate the iron-sulphur clusters and the active-site nickel in [NiFe] hydrogenases, are found to be conserved in the Miyazaki hydrogenase. The subunit molecular masses and amino acid composition derived from the gene sequence are very similar to the data reported for the periplasmic, membrane-bound hydrogenase isolated by Yagi and coworkers, suggesting that this hydrogenase belongs to the general class of [NiFe] hydrogenases, despite its low nickel content and apparently anomalous spectral properties.
CARBON DIOXIDE REDUCTION IN BIPHASIC AQUEOUS-IONIC LIQUID SYSTEMS BY PRESSURIZED HYDROGEN (2003)

This work reports the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide/inorganic carbonate salts to formic acid/formate in two phase systems comprising an ionic phase, in which the catalyst is immobilized, and an aqueous phase in which the carbonates and formate are confined, is reported. The reactions were followed in situ by multinuclear NMR. Pressurized H2 gas was used for the reduction.
Plug-and-play sensor node for body area networks (2009)

Advancements in low power wireless communication and system on chip design have opened up the possibility of developing miniaturized sensor nodes. These sensors can either be deployed on the human body (non-invasive) or implanted inside it (invasive) to collect vital physiological information and wirelessly transmit it to the system database. At the system backend this data is stored, processed, analyzed, and taken action if required. In this paper we propose the hardware architecture of a low-power, low-cost, small footprint, plug & play sensor node that is suitable for monitoring the vital signs. An event driven operating system is built for the sensor node to efficiently run the house keeping tasks and communicate with the gateway. As a proof of concept, an Electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring application for body area networks using this sensor node has been developed.
Mathematical modelling and simulation of variable-density fluidized bed reactors with generalised nonlinear kinetics (1997)

Gyamfi, for their pleasant companionship and valuable suggestions. Special thanks go to my
Clostridial Empyema (1965)

<h3>Introduction</h3> CLOSTRIDIAL empyema is a rare clinical entity in the absence of antecedent thoracic surgery or trauma. To date, correlative clinical descriptions of this disease with recommendations for appropriate therapy have not appeared in the literature. In this communication the clinical features of clostridial empyema in two patients will be described and compared with those of other published cases. The relatively benign course and the absence of extoxin effects in clostridial empyema as compared to myonecrosis will be indicated. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.</h3> —A 42-year-old white male former Army officer with multiple sclerosis of 20 years' duration was admitted with the chief complaint of pleuritic left chest pain. Three months previously the patient was hospitalized for an<i>Escherichia coli</i>pyelonephritis and septicemia which responded to treatment with streptomycin and chloramphenicol. Ten weeks before the present admission an abdominal aortic aneurysm was replaced by a Teflon graft. The thoracic cavity
A thermoplastic copolyimide (1985)

A copolyimide, STPI/LARC, was prepared from the reaction of 3,3'4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA), equimolar quantities of m-phenylenediamine and 4,4'-oxydianiline, and a small amount of phthalic anhydride to control the molecular weight. The processability and adhesive properties of STPI/LARC were compared to those of a commercially available form of LARC-TPI. LARC-TPI, a thermoplastic polyimide, from the reaction of BTDA and 3,3'-diaminobenzophenone, had previously shown promise as a high temperature structural adhesive. Lap shear specimens were fabricated using adhesive tape prepared from each of the two polymers. Lap shear tests were performed at room temperature, 177 C, and 204 C before and after exposure to a 72-hour water-boil and to aging at 204 C.
Asymmetrically Induced Four Component Condensation with Extremely High Stereoselectivity and Multiplication of Stereoselectivity (1975)

For the simulation of high-brightness electron bunches, a new 3D space-charge model is being implemented in the General Particle Tracer (GPT) code. It is based on a non-equidistant multigrid solver, allowing smooth transitions from a high to a low-aspect ratio bunch during a single run. The algorithm scales linearly in CPU time with the number of particles and the insensitivity to aspect ratio ensures that it can be used for a variety of applications. Tracking examples and field comparisons with an analytical model will be shown.
Mean‐field model for heat transfer in multichannel microreactors (2007)

Abstract A reduced‐order model is developed, allowing for a fast computation of the temperature field in multichannel microreactors. The model regards the fluid and the solid phase as interpenetrating continua and incorporates heat exchange between the two phases via a heat‐transfer coefficient, characteristic for the channel geometry under study. The geometry of the channel walls determines the components of the thermal conductivity tensor, which govern conductive heat transfer to the envelope of the reactor. The mean‐field model is solved numerically for a test case inspired from practical applications. Parallel to that, a detailed model based on standard methods of computational fluid dynamics is set up with the purpose to benchmark the results of the mean‐field model. This full model incorporates the geometric details of the multichannel reactor and contains considerably more degrees of freedom than the mean‐field model, resulting in a computational effort that is larger by at least a factor of several hundred. It is found that the temperature fields computed with the two models agree up to maximum deviations of about 3 K on a scale of 35 K. Thus, the mean‐field model appears as an efficient tool to evaluate the thermal performance of multichannel microreactors, especially in the context of parameter studies or system optimization. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Localizing the Neural Substrate of Reflexive Covert Orienting (2012)

The capture of covert spatial attention by salient visual events influences subsequent gaze behavior. A task irrelevant stimulus (cue) can reduce (Attention capture) or prolong (Inhi-bition of return) saccade reaction time to a subsequent target stimulus depending on the cue-target delay. Here we investigated the mechanisms that underlie the sensory-based account of AC/IOR by manipulating the visual processing stage where the cue and target interact. In Experiment 1, liquid crystal shutter goggles were used to test whether AC/IOR occur at a monocular versus binocular processing stage (before versus after signals from both eyes converge). In Experiment 2, we tested whether visual orientation selective mechanisms are critical for AC/IOR by using oriented “Gabor” stimuli. We found that the magnitude of AC and IOR was not different between monocular and interocular viewing conditions, or between iso- and ortho-oriented cue-target interactions. The results suggest that the visual mechanisms that contribute to AC/IOR arise at an orientation-independent binocular processing stage.
Use of Raman microspectroscopy to score the malignancy of breast cancer cells (2012)

It has been described that benign MCF10A breast cancer cell line suffers phenotypic changes toward malignancy when are cultured in sparse conditions. Using Raman spectroscopy with an InVia Raman microscope (Renishaw) with a backscattered configuration, we have studied the metabolic changes of confluent and sparse MCF10A cell cultures. We used Principal Component Analysis and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analyses to assess the different profiling of the metabolic composition of breast cancer cells. The results indicated that Raman spectroscopy together with multivariate analysis is a useful technique to distinguish metabolic changes in malignant transformation. The identification of new metabolites, implementing the catalogue on the characterization of the different phenotypes associated to cell malignancy using Raman spectroscopy is under study.
The use of Langmuir–Blodgett films as recording layers in optical information carriers (1990)

The review deals with methods of recording and reproducing information for external computer memory devices in which Langmuir–Blodgett films are used as carriers and also with the physical effects occurring in these films, which may be used in the future for the creation of new superdense optical information carriers. Attention has concentrated on the photochromic reactions in the J-aggregates of Langmuir–Blodgett films, which permit the reversible recording of information. In many cases the preparation of the carrier and the technical characteristics of the corresponding memory devices are described in detail. The review considers the original studies and patents on this topic which have been published during the last 15 years. The bibliography includes 55 references.
Rational Drug Development Using Gene-Targeted Agents and Their Application in Anti-Gene Radiotherapy (2003)

Currently rational drug design is limited to using protein targets in the design and production of therapeutic agents. However, many genetic and infectious diseases may not be adequately treated with this approach. In these circumstances the DNA sequence of an offending gene is itself a potential target for rational drug development. Genetargeted therapeutic strategies require the development of ligands that can recognize and bind unique DNA targets sequence specifically. Several approaches have been described for the development of sequence-specific DNA targeting agents. These include synthetic polyamides that recognize and bind to DNA in the minor groove, peptide nucleic acids which can penetrate the DNA duplex and form a P-loop, or a triple-helical structure with one of its strands, and triplehelix (triplex) forming oligonucleotides which bind to the major groove of duplex DNA at polypyrimidine / polypurine sequences. Of these, Triplex-Forming Oligonucleotides (TFOs) are the most extensively characterized synthetic ligands capable of recognizing and binding sequence specifically to duplex DNA. Consequently, they have been the focus of a new gene therapy strategy that we call ‘anti-gene radiotherapy’. This strategy employs TFOs labeled with Auger-electronemitting radionuclides to produce sequence-specific DNA double strand breaks that ultimately lead to gene inactivation following repair. Anti-gene radiotherapy is made possible by the highly localized damage produced by decay of an Augeremitter, such as 125I, and the sequence specific positioning of DNA damage made possible by TFOs. This report will address recently described strategies that employ these gene-targeting methods to alter target gene expression or structure, with particular emphasis being paid to the use of TFOs in anti-gene radiotherapy.