gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MRI: A charmed past and an exciting future (2009)

The invention and development of MRI took place under very desirable circumstances. Dr. Lauterbur, a distinguished NMR chemist, conceived of the basic idea. Once this concept was presented to the medical imaging community, a wonderful synergy developed between the two mature disciplines of NMR physical chemistry and medical imaging. This resulted in amazingly rapid progress and acceptance by the clinical community. This adventure is in sharp contrast to the history of x-ray imaging. This began with the accidental discovery of x-rays by Roentgen at the end of the 19th century. Unlike NMR, the basic x-ray mechanism was not understood and was mistakenly thought to not be an electromagnetic wave. MRI is now at an advanced stage where investigators study advanced hardware and software improvements. These studies include improved signal-to-noise ratio, resolution, and speed, which generally involve higher B(0). The high readout field results in numerous problems. These can be overcome by prepolarizing techniques using a high polarization field and a relatively low readout field.
An Alternative Surgical Technique for Repair of Anomalous Origin of the Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery (2014)

Our modified technique (tubing formation with the sinus wall of the pulmonary artery and trapdoor formation at the site of implantation in the aorta) demonstrated successful clinical outcomes. We conclude that this surgical technique can be a potential alternative for the treatment of ALCAPA.
Epithelial Cell Polarity: Challenges and Methodologies (1997)

Abstract The sections in this article are: Questions Tools and Techniques with Which to Study Epithelial Polarity Epithelial Monolayers Grown on Permeable Substrata Morphological Techniques Biochemical Techniques Protein Trafficking Pathways in Epithelial Cells Biogenetic Pathways Transcytosis Recycling Pathways Tissue‐Specific Variation of Protein Polarity and Targeting Pathways in Epithelial Cells Sorting Signals and Mechanisms Establishment of Epithelial Polarity The Role of E‐Cadherin Future Prospects: In Vitro Systems, Genetic Models, and the Search for Sorting Machinery
Gastroscopy and Colonoscopy (1996)

The sections in this article are 1 Introduction 2 MR-Compatible Endoscope Design 3 Receiver Coil Design 4 Scanner Design 5 Ex Vivo Imaging 6 In Vivo Studies 7 Safety Issues 8 Future Applications 9 Concluding Remarks 10 Acknowledgements 11 Biographical Sketches Related Articles
Microstructure of NiFe Epitaxial Thin Films Grown on MgO Single-Crystal Substrates (2010)

NiFe epitaxial thin films were prepared on MgO(100) and MgO(110) single-crystal substrates heated at 300° C by ultra-high vacuum molecular beam epitaxy. In the early stage of film growth on MgO(100) substrate, formation of NiFe (112¿0) epitaxial thin film with hcp structure is observed by in-situ RHEED. With increasing the film thickness, fcc-NiFe(100) phase appears and the RHEED intensity from fcc-NiFe(100) crystal increases. X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy indicate that the resulting film structure is fcc-NiFe(100), suggesting that the metastable hcp-NiFe (112¿0) phase is observable only during film growth process. On the contrary, NiFe(110) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">fcc</sub> single-crystal film grows epitaxially on MgO(110) substrate. Atomically sharp boundaries are recognized between NiFe thin films and MgO substrates, where misfit dislocations are periodically introduced in the films at the NiFe/MgO interfaces reducing the lattice mismatches. Out-of-plane and in-plane lattice spacings of these films agree with the values of bulk NiFe crystal with very small errors of less than 0.5%, suggesting that the strains in the NiFe films are very small.
Synthesis and Structure of Molybdenum and Tungsten Bisphosphine Carbonyl Dimers (2008)

The synthesis of two bisphosphine ligands (R2P)2C6H4 with a para-disubstituted phenyl moiety is described (R = Cy (3), i-Pr (4)). Solutions of M(CO)3(C7H8) (C7H8 = η6-cycloheptatriene, M = Mo and W) and 3 or 4 were reacted under CO affording dimeric compounds of the general formula [M2(CO)8((R2P)2C6H4)2] (M = W, R = Cy (5); M = Mo, R = Cy (6); and M = W, R = i-Pr (7)). When the same reactions are carried out in the presence of H2, similar W−H2 analogues of the general formula [W2(CO)6((R2P)2C6H4)2(H2)2], R = Cy (8), R = i-Pr (9), can be observed by 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy. Compounds 8 and 9 are not isolable, due to facile ligand redistribution forming 5 and 7, respectively.
Bleomycin disposition in children with cancer (1983)

Bleomycin kinetics were determined in 14 children after intravenous bolus and prolonged infusion doses. Plasma and urine bleomycin concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. After intravenous bolus, bleomycin concentrations were adequately described by a two-compartment open model with a mean t1/2 alpha and t1/2 beta of 0.3 +/- 0.1 and 3.2 +/- 0.7 hr (mean +/- SEM). Volume of the central compartment and volume of distribution at steady-state (Vss) were 4.3 +/- 0.5 and 9.9 +/- 1.1 l/m2. Total plasma (CLT) and renal (CLR) clearance were 51.8 +/- 6.1 and 33.5 +/- 2.4 ml/min/m2. Three intravenous bolus courses were given to two patients who received more than four courses of cisplatin (greater than 300 mg/m2); CLT and CLR for these courses were 18.0 +/- 3.3 and 8.2 ml/min/m2. Conversely, children under 3 yr old eliminated bleomycin more rapidly than older children. Decline in bleomycin concentrations after seven 24- or 48-hr intravenous infusions was described by a one-compartment model. Mean values for plasma t1/2, Vss, CLT, and CLR were 2.1 +/- 0.1 hr, 11.0 +/- 2.6 l/m2, 57.1 +/- 13.5 ml/min/m2, and 33.2 +/- 6.4 ml/min/m2. One patient received his bleomycin infusion when ureteral obstruction was present; CLT and CLR for this course were 4.8 and 4.1 ml/min/m2. These data indicate that young children eliminate bleomycin more rapidly than older children and that children with impaired renal function may have prolonged elevations in plasma concentration due to reduced bleomycin clearance. Bleomycin disposition in older children is as in adults.
Phenotypic analysis of monocyte-derived dendritic cells loaded with tumor antigen with heat-shock cognate protein-70. (2012)

Anti IL-6 analogs may be effective adjuvants for the development of mo-DC-based cancer vaccine.
EFFECT OF AMBIENT TEMPERATURE ON THERMAL RESPONSES TO DRUGS (1958)

Thermal responses to a variety of drugs have been investigated at various ambient temperatures, using unanesthetized rats, either lightly restrained or paralyzed with tubocurarine. The results indicate that ambient temperature is a major factor determining thermal responses to many drugs. Experiments on lightly restrained rats demonstrated that the critical ambient temperature, the temperature above which hyperthermia is evoked and below which hypothermia is produced, is about 30 °C (in the thermoneutral range) for Hydergine, ergotamine, LSD-25, and serotonin. The critical ambient temperature for chlorpromazine is approximately 36 °C, and that for 2,4-dinitrophenol, 20 °C. Reserpine produced a consistent hypothermia at 23 °C, but somewhat inconsistent effects at ambient temperatures above this up to 39 °C. Complete curarization abolished the hypothermic effects of all the above agents except chlorpromazine. The production of both hyperthermia and hypothermia by most of the drugs studied suggests that they influence temperature-regulating centers of the central nervous system.
Wertigkeit der Glukosurie zur Detektion eines Gestationsdiabetes und Einfluss des Blutdruckes auf die Glukosurierate (2003)

Fragestellung Die Mutterschaftsrichtlinien sehen die regelmäßige Durchführung eines Urin-Glukosestix als Screeningttest auf einen Gestationsdiabetes vor. Die vorliegende Studie prüft die Wertigkeit dieser Methode.
Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the PGK1 locus (1991)

Source and Description of Clone: Cosmid ICRFc1O1E021 was isolated by hybridization to the DSYS1X probe pDP34 (1). pDXYSI/4-1 is a 2.1 kb PstI subclone of this cosmid which contains a (CA)14 dinucleotide repeat. pDXYSI/4-1 was partially sequenced and the sequences flanking the repeat (EMBL accession number X56252) were used to design PCR primers. PCR Primers: DXYS1/4-IA = 5'-ATATCTCTGTTCACTTCTG-3' DXYS1/4-1B = 5'-GGATTCAAGGTGTCAGTA-3' Polymorphism: Allelic fragments were detected on DNA sequencing gels. Lengths (nt) are: Bi = 174, B2 = 172, B3 = 170. Cosmid ICRFc1O1E021 contains allele Bi.
The Involvement of Protein Synthesis Elongation Factor 1α in the Organization of Microtubules on the Perinuclear Region during the Cell Cycle Transition from M Phase to G<sub>1</sub> Phase in Tobacco BY‐2 Cells (1995)

Abstract Association of the organization of microtubules (MTs) in the perinuclear region with a 49‐kDa protein, that is immunologically cross‐reactive to a 51‐kDa protein isolated from sea urchin centrosomes and has been shown to play some roles in the organization of MTs in animal cells (Toriyama et al.: Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 9, 117–128, 1988), was examined during the cell cycle transition from M phase to G 1 phase using the highly synchronized tobacco BY‐2 cells under confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). After double staining with an antibody against the 51‐kDa protein and with an antibody against tubulin, it was revealed that the 49‐kDa protein was closely associated with the organization of MTs on the perinuclear regions during this stage under the CLSM. Notably, microfilaments (MFs) were not associated with the organization of MTs in the perinuclear region. This observation suggests that the 49‐kDa protein plays a specific role in the organization of MTs on the perinuclear regions during the cell cycle transition from M phase to G 1 phase. To understand the molecular characteristics of the 49‐kDa protein further, the search for cDNA encoding the 49‐kDa protein was conducted in a cDNA expression library prepared from rapidly growing tobacco BY‐2 cells using monoclonal antibodies against the 51‐kDa protein. Determination of the base sequence of the isolated clone revealed that it encodes protein synthesis elongation factor (EF)‐1α. Thus the significance of the involvement of the 49‐kDa protein as EF‐1α in the organization of MTs on the perinuclear regions is discussed in relation to other cellular functions.
Cobaltic accelerator for the methylene blue photoinitiation system in aqueous acrylate solution (2004)

Abstract A helium‐neon laser was used as a light source to induce the photopolymerization of ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate in aqueous solution. A near‐infrared spectrometer was used to follow the polymerization. Methylene blue (MB) and triethanolamine were used as the basic photoinitiation system, and novel accelerators to the two‐component initiation system were investigated. The three‐component photoinitiation systems containing cobaltic complexes as accelerators were found to be very efficient in initiating the polymerization of the aforementioned water‐soluble monomer, and the efficiency was higher than that initiated by MB/triethanolamine/diphenyl iodonium chloride, which has been reported previously. Twin redox cycles between MB and cobaltic complexes was proposed to explain the acceleration effect of the cobaltic complexes. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 3836–3841, 2004
Cell targeting by antibody-functionalized calcium phosphatenanoparticles (2011)

Calcium phosphate nanoparticles were coated with a shell of silica and covalently functionalized by silanization, either with thiol or with amino groups. This permits the covalent attachment of molecules like dyes or antibodies. Between the calcium phosphate surface and the outer silica shell, biomolecules like nucleic acids (DNA or siRNA) can be incorporated as cargo. This leads to cell-specific carriers of biomolecules into cells, e.g. for transfection, gene silencing or cell activation. The cellular uptake of antibody-coated calcium phosphate nanoparticles was demonstrated on two cell lines: HeLa (epithelial cell line) and MG-63 (osteoblast-like cell line). Furthermore, the functionalization of calcium phosphate nanoparticles with a dendritic cell-specific antibody (CD11c) led to a cell-specific targeting as shown with primary murine splenocytes. Thus, the successful coating of calcium phosphate nanoparticles with cell-specific antibodies makes them suitable for many clinical applications.
Serum and Biliary Insulin-like Growth Factor I and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Determining the Cause of Obstructive Cholestasis (2007)

Biliary IGF-I levels in patients undergoing ERCP for biliary obstruction may differentiate extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma from either pancreatic cancer or benign biliary abnormalities.
Maximum principal quantum numbers of the atomic hydrogen in the solar chromosphere and photosphere (1992)

The maximum principal quantum numbers n<SUB>m</SUB> and the lowering of the continuum energy of hydrogen atoms in the solar chromosphere and photosphere are calculated. Several theories are discussed, and the work focuses on two major mechanisms of the lowering of the continuum (the reduction of the ionization energy and the line merging). It was found that under the physical conditions existing in the solar chromosphere and photosphere the maximum principal quantum number varies, depending on the plasma temperature and density, from n<SUB>m</SUB> = 11 to n<SUB>m</SUB> = 62.
Intramolecular electron transfer in ascorbate oxidase is enhanced in the presence of oxygen. (1994)

Intramolecular electron transfer from the type 1 copper center to the type 3 copper(II) pair is induced in the multi-copper enzyme, ascorbate oxidase, following pulse radiolytic reduction of the type 1 Cu(II) ion. In the presence of a slight excess of dioxygen over ascorbate oxidase, interaction between the trinuclear copper center and O2 is observed even with singly reduced ascorbate oxidase molecules. Under these conditions, the rate constant for intramolecular electron transfer from type 1 Cu(I) to type 3 Cu(II) increases 5-fold to 1100 +/- 300 s-1 (20 degrees C, pH 5.8) as compared to that of the same process under anaerobic conditions. This observation constitutes evidence for control of the internal electron transfer process by one of its substrates. The structural and functional significance of these findings are discussed.
Role of the gerP Operon in Germination and Outgrowth of Bacillus anthracis Spores (2010)

Germination of Bacillus anthracis spores occurs when nutrients such as amino acids or purine nucleosides stimulate specific germinant receptors located in the spore inner membrane. The gerP(ABCDEF) operon has been suggested to play a role in facilitating the interaction between germinants and their receptors in spores of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus. B. anthracis mutants containing deletions in each of the six genes belonging to the orthologue of the gerP(ABCDEF) operon, or deletion of the entire operon, were tested for their ability to germinate. Deletion of the entire gerP operon resulted in a significant delay in germination in response to nutrient germinants. These spores eventually germinated to levels equivalent to wild-type, suggesting that an additional entry point for nutrient germinants may exist. Deletions of each individual gene resulted in a similar phenotype, with the exception of DeltagerPF, which showed no obvious defect. The removal of two additional gerPF-like orthologues was necessary to achieve the germination defect observed for the other mutants. Upon physical removal of the spore coat, the mutant lacking the full gerP operon no longer exhibited a germination defect, suggesting that the GerP proteins play a role in spore coat permeability. Additionally, each of the gerP mutants exhibited a severe defect in calcium-dipicolinic acid (Ca-DPA)-dependent germination, suggesting a role for the GerP proteins in this process. Collectively, these data implicate all GerP proteins in the early stages of spore germination.
Life cycle indicator comparison of copper, silver, zinc and aluminum nanoparticle production through electric arc evaporation or chemical reduction (2015)

Ways to produce metallic nanoparticles and the scale-up of these processes have seen increased interest as the industrial application of nanoparticles continues to grow. Their feasibility from an environmental point of view can be assessed by means of life cycle analysis (LCA). In this work two methods of metallic nanoparticle production, by evaporation/condensation of metal using electrical arc discharge reactors or by chemical reduction of metal salts in aqueous solutions or dry solid/solid mixtures, are evaluated based on the life cycle indicators. The evaporation of metal using electrical discharge reactors is a method studied in the European Commission 7th Framework Program “BUONAPART-E.” The environmental impact of the two different nanoparticle production approaches is here compared for four metals: copper, silver, zinc and aluminum. The chemical routes of producing nanoparticles require several different chemicals and reactions, while the electrical discharge routes use electricity to evaporate metal in a reactor under inert atmosphere. The nanoparticle production processes were modeled using “SimaPro” LCA software. Data for both the chemical production routes and the arc routes were taken from the literature. The choice of the best route for the production of each metal is strongly dependent on the final yield of the metallic nanoparticles. The yields for the chemical processes are not reported in the open literature, and therefore the comparisons have to be made with varying yields. At similar yields the electrical process has in general a lower environmental footprint than the studied chemical routes. The step or chemical with the greatest environmental impact varies significantly depending on process and metal being studied.
Synthesis and Evaluation of the 2-Aminothiazoles as Anti-Tubercular Agents (2016)

The 2-aminothiazole series has anti-bacterial activity against the important global pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We explored the nature of the activity by designing and synthesizing a large number of analogs and testing these for activity against M. tuberculosis, as well as eukaryotic cells. We determined that the C-2 position of the thiazole can accommodate a range of lipophilic substitutions, while both the C-4 position and the thiazole core are sensitive to change. The series has good activity against M. tuberculosis growth with sub-micromolar minimum inhibitory concentrations being achieved. A representative analog was selective for mycobacterial species over other bacteria and was rapidly bactericidal against replicating M. tuberculosis. The mode of action does not appear to involve iron chelation. We conclude that this series has potential for further development as novel anti-tubercular agents.
Ganglioneuromatous polyposis: A premalignant condition (2001)

A 40-year-old man with ganglioneuromatous polyposis and an aggressive coexisting colorectal cancer is described. Contrary to previous reports, we believe that ganglioneuromatous polyposis should be considered a premalignant condition.
Propagation Characteristics Of 700MHz Band V2X Wireless Communication (2013)

In recent years, vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to infrastructure wireless communication has been developed for automotive use. DENSO has conducted field tests around the world to develop high performance and reliable radio system. In this paper, the authors introduce the study results about propagation characteristics of the radio wave under actual vehicle running condition and antenna requirements.
Correction to Recent Mechanistic Insights on Glycoconjugate Vaccines and Future Perspectives (2014)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition, Retraction...Addition, Retraction, CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to Recent Mechanistic Insights on Glycoconjugate Vaccines and Future PerspectivesFrancesco Berti and Roberto Adamo*Cite this: ACS Chem. Biol. 2014, 9, 11, 2695Publication Date (Web):October 23, 2014Publication History Published online23 October 2014Published inissue 21 November 2014https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cb500822hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cb500822hcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2014 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views510Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (308 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Mechanistic insight,Vaccination Get e-Alerts
Membranous Nephropathy and a TAP1 Gene Polymorphism (1994)

To the Editor: Membranous glomerulopathy, which is characterized by immune-complex deposits on the epithelial side of the glomerular basement membrane, is one of the most frequent forms of glomerulopathy. The mechanisms responsible for abnormal antibody responses and immune-complex catabolism in this disease are unknown. Nevertheless, an association between membranous nephropathy and the HLA-DR3 class II antigen has been described1. Recently, two “new” genes (TAP1 and TAP2) have been mapped within the HLA class II region2. Each of these genes codes for a transmembrane protein located within the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. The noncovalent association of these two . . .
Developing situation-aware applications for disaster management with a distributed rule-based platform (2015)

In order to enhance interoperability and productivity in the develop-ment of situation-aware applications for disaster management, proper mecha-nisms and guidelines are required. They must address the lack of semantics in modelling emergency situations. In addition, the ever changing and unpredicta-ble nature of disaster scenarios present challenges for information processing and collaboration. This paper proposes a framework that combines the follow-ing elements: (i) a foundational ontology for temporal conceptualization; (ii) well-founded specifications of structural and behavioral models; (iii) a CEP en-gine based on a distributed rule-based platform for situation management; (iv) a model-driven approach. We illustrate the operation of the framework with a scenario for monitoring tuberculosis epidemy.