gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SO<sub>2</sub> Removal in the Filter Cake of a Jet-Pulsed Filter:  A Combined Filter and Fixed-Bed Reaction Model (2002)

Jet-pulsed filters are frequently used to separate fine solid particles from gas streams. An example for the application of the filter as both a solid separator and a fixed-bed reactor is a dry flue gas cleaning process, where the dry solid sorbent Ca(OH)2 forms a filter cake that captures a major part of the SO2 and HCl out of the flue gas. One important phenomenon concerning the formation of the filter cake on jet-pulsed filters is imperfect cake removal. Here a jet pulse tears off the entire filter cake from only a fraction of the exposed filter area, and only part of the total filter area is subjected to the jet-pulse cleaning. This property of jet-pulsed filters has a great influence on the chemical reaction simulation between gas and solid in the filter cake because the gas velocity through the cake, the cake thickness, and the residence time distribution of the solid forming the cake differ widely over the entire filter area. A recently developed filter model, in which different classes of cake thicknesses are understood to result from different cake generations, is used to determine the distributions of cake thickness, gas velocity, and residence time of the solid over the filter area. With the combination of the filter model and a fixed-bed reaction model using an empirical kinetic equation, the SO2 removal in the fixed bed of the filter cake can be simulated. The combined filter and reaction model was successfully validated with an experiment from a pilot plant for dry flue gas cleaning, where solid Ca(OH)2 was used as a sorbent. A sample of the partially reacted sorbent from the pilot plant had been used to derive the empirical kinetic equation for SO2 sorption in fixed-bed laboratory experiments.
Vertically Oriented, Three‐Dimensionally Tapered Deep‐Subwavelength Metallic Nanohole Arrays Developed by Photofluidization Lithography (2014)

The field-gradient, superficial photo fluidization of azomaterials allows a specific 3D nano-silhouette to be shaped over a large area, so as to get easy access to a 3D-tapered, deep sub-wavelength Au nanohole (20 nm spatial size) array. The squeezing of visible light into the deep sub-wavelength point and the relevant extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) are achieved using this 3D-tapered, 20 nm Au nanohole.
On disaster recovery in OFDMA environment (2014)

In this talk we describe a communication approach referred to as Random Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (R-OFDMA). This approach addresses directly issues of receiver complexity, collision handling, protocol overheads and scalability. Among the applications of this method reside such that require strategic survivability of the network (emergency services, public safety, and more). This approach addresses common problems of protocol based communication techniques, such as resource allocation management, collision detection and retransmission. These problems burdens a lot of overhead on the system utilization and throughput, especially in situations of increased collisions and retransmissions when the network tries to recover. In the wireless domain, a key objective of R-OFDMA is to segment between steady state and disaster, it does not aim for steady state daily situations where the currently proposed 4G solution is good enough. R-OFDMA assumes vast number of end users trying to communicate with data bursts simultaneously, but only prioritized active users that are responsible for recovery of the network will be active simultaneously. An important ingredient of R-OFDMA is based on spectrum sensing, where errors on its part may cause false alarms and miss identification events, which can potentially degrade the quality-of-service experienced by active users. In this work, we describe the high level mechanism of R-OFDMA, accompanied by problem formulation and we develop an analytical model in order to reflect different event classes caused by spectrum sensing.
Abstract 4298: Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Sheet Transplantation Therapy on Swine Chronic Heart Failure Model (2008)

Introduction. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are one of the promising cell sources of the cell transplantation therapy for the damaged heart. Grafted cell death early after the transplantation i...
Geo-engineering Research Challenges in the Age of Climate Change. (2014)

Abstract not provided.
On signal structures for GNSS‐2 (2000)

This paper summarizes the main results of an early investigation on desirable signal structures for the European ‘Galileo’ civil satellite navigation system. Stemming from the requirements for increased accuracy, reduced time-to-first-fix and integrity information provision, the report describes the logical steps and the related numerical results leading to a novel ‘Galileo’ signal definition. Although the final parameter definition is largely based on European system constraints, a number of design guidelines like the use of spectrally efficient square-root raised-cosine chip shaping and enhanced data broadcasting are expected to be of general applicability to any future satellite navigation system. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to Intrinsic Brainstem Lesions: Anatomical, Radiological, and Clinical Study (2017)

Background: Intrinsic brainstem lesions represent a surgical challenge. When surgery is indicated, the selection of surgical approach is based on the relative location of the lesion to surrounding fiber tracts. Typically, the ideal approach is the one providing direct access to the most superficial aspect of the lesion to minimize damage to normal brainstem tissue. For lesions that are located predominantly ventrally, the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) has been proposed as a potential alternative.
MICROCANTILEVERS IN BIOMEDICAL AND THERMO/FLUID APPLICATIONS (2010)

A premiere free-access and peer-reviewed frontier journal site, serving the needs of the thermal-fluids community. See the latest research or submit an article. Quickly share your research with the global thermal-fluids community, for increased citations and impact at no cost.
Identification of lactoferrin as the granulocyte-derived inhibitor of colony-stimulating activity production. (1978)

Lactoferrin (LF), the iron-binding protein present in the specific granules of mature granulocytes has been identified as colony inhibitory factor (CIF) which suppresses granulocyte--macrophage colony stimulating activity (CSA) production by monocytes and macrophages in vitro and rebound granulopoiesis in vivo. Separation of LF and CIF by isoelectric focusing confirmed that the regions of inhibitory activity corresponded in both to a pH of congruent to 6.5. In addition, the purified immunoglobulin fraction of rabbit anti-human LF antiserum, but not rabbit anti-transferrin (TF), inactivated the capacity of LF and CIF to inhibit CSA production, an effect blocked by prior incubation of anti-LF with neutralizing concentrations of LF. Suppression of CSA production correlated with the iron-saturation of LF; APO-LF (depleted of iron) was only active concentrations greater than 10(-7) M, native LF (8% iron saturated) was active at 10(-15) M, and fully iron-saturated LF inhibited at 10(-17) M. Suppression of CSA production occurred within a 1/2-h preincubation period with human blood monocytes but was reversed by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This reversal was dependent on the relative concentrations of LF to LPS. Serum TF, a biochemically similar iron-binding protein which is antigenically distinct from LF, was only minimally active at concentrations greater than 10(-6) M. LF did not inhibit exogenously stimulated human granylocyte and macrophage colony-forming cells or erythropoietin-dependent human or murine erythroid colony- or erythroid burst-forming cells. Microgram quantities of LF acted in vivo to inhibit rebound granulopoiesis and CSA production in CD1 and C57Bl/6 mice pretreated with cyclophosphamide. These results strongly implicate LF as a physiological regulator of granulopoiesis.
Convectively Assembled Nonspherical Mushroom Cap-Based Colloidal Crystals (2007)

Monolayers from mushroom cap-shaped polymer colloids were fabricated by a vertical substrate deposition technique. As confirmed by SEM and autocorrelation analysis, the monolayers show long-range hexagonal packing with particle orientational freedom restricted to either "heads up" or "heads down" alignment with respect to the substrate. The monolayers are modeled as a 2D diffraction grating and were studied with selected area laser diffraction. The stacking of ordered monolayers into the third dimension was achieved via layer-by-layer deposition. Convective assembly is shown as a viable approach to the large-scale crystallization of monodisperse nonspherical colloids.
The Predictability of CO Resistance of Refractory Materials by State-of-the-art Test Methods : A Technical and Scientific Approach (2008)

Recent studies performed at the Research Association for Refractories (FGF) in Bonn emphasise the importance of the modification of deposited on refractory material: High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) clearly shows the appearance of at least two macromolecule like structures, beside minor amounts of microcrystalline graphite. In another scientific context these structures are very well described and referred to as and carbon nanotubes. Both can be deduced from the fullerenes with their most prominent species, C60. The growing rate of in refractory products applied in reducing atmosphere is significantly controlled by the predominant modification: While nanotubes will expedite deposition, bucky onions on the other hand will decrease the total growing rate. This is due to the fact that the latter effectively entrap and inactivate the catalytic iron particles without the formation of destructive amounts of carbon. Based on these findings and related literature, the formation of destructive deposits in ceramic structure is discussed. The deposition of in principle requires the formation of liquid iron nano droplets which subsequently absorb until the saturation limit is reached. Thereafter hexahedral structures are segregated on the surface of the droplet. This kind of formation is technically known as VLS (vapour-liquid-solid) mechanism. The question as to which parameters are responsible for which modification, nano tube or bucky onion is still under discussion. Initial investigations indicate that the ambient conditions (temperature and gas composition) are of basic importance. Recent test methods (ISO 12676 and ASTM C 288) for the verification of resistance to monoxide suffer from poor reproducibility: Even samples cut from a single tile can show different degrees of destruction in the same test procedure. Therefore one can state that the amount of reactive impurities is not the sole factor. It appears obvious that the rate of growth offers valuable information on the destruction rate of refractory products under operating conditions.
Risk factors for development of delayed urticarial reactions in the phase II trial of HER2 peptide vaccines plus GM-CSF versus GM-CSF alone in high-risk breast cancer patients to prevent recurrence. (2013)

3097 Background: We are monitoring the incidence of delayed urticarial reactions (DURs) in our phase II trial evaluating adjuvant HER2-specific vaccines (AE37 and GP2) for the prevention of breast cancer recurrence. Here, we characterize DURs and analyze risk factors for their development. Methods: After completion of standard of care therapy, disease-free node-positive or high-risk node-negative patients (pts) were randomized to receive either a peptide+GM-CSF (VG) or GM-CSF (CG). Pts receive 6 monthly intradermal inoculations during the primary vaccine series (PVS) then four boosters (B) every 6 mos. Immune response is measured by delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) pre- (R0) and post-PVS (R6) and local reaction (LR) at R1 – R6. Results: Twenty-four (6.1%) of 393 initiated patients report a DUR; 13 VG (vDUR), and 11 CG (cDUR); vDUR - 9 AE37, 4 GP2. Time to onset of symptoms is 9±5 days (d) and is similar in vDUR/cDUR (p = 0.27). DURs manifest as hives/pruritis in all patients. Average duration of symptoms is 32.6 d ± 8.8 d (no difference in vDUR/cDUR [p = 0.23]). Episodes have resolved with antihistamines or IV/oral steroids. Ten (4 cDUR, 6 vDUR) patients have had recurrent episodes that have resolved similarly. 75% of first episodes occur between R6-B3. For DUR patients v. those who have not had a DUR (noDUR), there are no differences in demographics. DTH response is similar in vDUR pts v. noDUR VG pts (R0- p = 0.34; R6- p=0.40). cDUR pts had a greater DTH response v. CG noDUR pts at R6 (13.2 v 4.7 mm, p=0.01). LRs are greater in DUR pts compared to noDUR pts after the second vaccination (R2 – 66.2 v 48.2 mm, p=0.02). LR for DUR pts decrease and are less than noDUR at R6 (45.4 v 57.4 mm, p=0.09). Relative risk for developing DUR for LR > 100 mm at R2 is 3.49 (1.58-7.68, 95% CI [p=0.004]). At 29.9 months median follow-up, there have been no recurrences in VG and CG DUR v. 75.9% DFS for noDUR (p=0.05). Conclusions: DURs occur infrequently and without long-term sequelae. Pts at risk for developing DUR are identified early in the vaccine series using LR. Robust immune response in DUR may explain the survival benefit demonstrated here. Clinical trial information: NCT00524277.
Rendu stylisé d'animations 3D : une approche centrée utilisateur (2018)

National audience
Stabilized polynuclear iron hydroxide is an efficient oral phosphate binder in uraemic patients (1999)

Stabilized polynuclear iron hydroxide is a promising, efficaceous and well tolerated phosphate binder.
Stitch Cracks in Constraint Plies Adjacent to a Cracked Ply (2001)

A high density form of matrixmicrocracking in constraint plies adjacent to a cracked ply, and here called stitch cracking, was found to form readily in awide variety of [+. n/–. n/902n] s laminates. Stitch cracks appear to form instead of interply delamination at the tip of the crack in the constrained ply, more typical of cross ply laminates, when the included angle is greater than 50°. Stitch cracks do not require fatigue loading to form, but appear due to thermal residual stress and monotonic loading. Stitch cracks were observed to instantly form in –. ° constraint plies next to a cracked 90° ply, apparently when the included angle of the plies was less than about 50°. In addition, they formed in –15° and –60° plies next to corresponding cracked +. ° surface plies. Data on stitch crack length and spacing is included. This paper seeks to raise awareness of stitch cracks by systematically demonstrating that they not only exist, but occur in awide variety of laminates. The data suggest that stitch cracks should not be overlooked during development of composite damage mechanics models.
Synthesis of Orthogonally N-Protected, C-4 Functionalized Cyclic Guanidines from l-Serine (2017)

A straightforward and efficient preparation of five-membered cyclic guanidines bearing an ester, a hydroxymethyl or a Weinreb amide functional group at C-4 is described from <sc>l</sc>-serine. The novel synthetic route provides cyclic guanidines in which the three nitrogen atoms are orthogonally protected making them highly suitable for further transformations into natural products or their analogues via the introduced functional groups.
Time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase: demonstration of energy transfer between the two prosthetic groups (1989)

Fluorescence as well as fluorescence anisotropy decay parameters have been obtained from NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The two flavins in the enzyme, FMN and FAD, are slightly fluorescent and exhibit heterogeneous fluorescence lifetimes, as observed with other flavoproteins. The time-dependent anisotropy is also multiexponential and is wavelength-dependent. The anisotropy decay is biexponential with two correlation times when the enzyme is excited at the red edge of the first absorption band (514 nm). When the enzyme is excited in the light absorption maximum (458 nm), an additional shorter correlation time is found, which contains information about the rate of energy transfer between the two flavins present in the enzyme. FMN-depleted NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase shows also only two correlation times, as does the enzyme in the "air-stable" semiquinone state when excited at 458 nm. Wavelength-dependent steady-state anisotropy measurements of native and FMN-depleted protein show that the former exhibits lower values than the latter in the region of the first absorption band, but when the red edge of the absorption band is reached, the anisotropy becomes equal in both preparations. A similar situation is encountered in model compounds, monomeric and dimeric flavins, immobilized in poly(methyl methacrylate). Both in the models and in the flavoprotein this can be attributed to failure of energy transfer at the red edge of the absorption band. From the results we were able to derive both geometric parameters and dynamic properties of both flavins in the NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The projected pattern correlation technique for vibration measurements (2004)

The objective of this paper is the description of the Projected Pattern Correlation method for measuring surface velocities and to present results of a feasibility study. Similar to the Moire technique the local surface velocities of a large area are determined simultaneously, which replace a time consuming point wise scanning as it is necessary in e.g. Laser Doppler Vibrometry. Furthermore, the dynamics of non-periodic processes can be resolved temporally and spatially. In difference to the Moire or grid projection techniques the evaluation step is fast (real-time measurements are possible) more robust and provides a high spatial resolution. The measurement precision is assessed using a simple test arrangement. Vibration measurements are performed on a satellite model structure and a honeycomb sandwich plate.
Fast mutual exclusion for uniprocessors (1992)

In this paper we describe restartable atomic sequences, an optimistic mechanism for implementing simple atomic operations (such as Test-And-Set) on a uniprocessor. A thread that is suspended within a restartable atomic sequence is resumed by the operating system at the beginning of the sequence, rather than at the point of suspension. This guarantees that the thread eventually executes the sequence atomically. A restartable atomic sequence has significantly less overhead than other software-based synchronization mechanisms, such as kernel emulation or software reservation. Consequently, it is an attractive alternative for use on uniprocessors that do no support atomic operations. Even on processors that do support atomic operations in hardware, restartable atomic sequences can have lower overhead.
Lysis of intact yeast cells and isolated cell walls by an inducible enzyme system of <i>Arthrobacter</i> GJM‐1 (1977)

Abstract Bacterium Arthrobacter GJM‐1 known in the literature as a good producer of α‐mannanase was found to accumulate in the culture fluid lytic activities against viable yeast cells during growth on isolated cell walls or β‐glucan fractions of yeast. The accumulation of the lytic activities showed an inducible character. The lytic system produced in the medium containing baker's yeast cell walls was capable of complete solubilization of cell walls in vitro. The system lysed viable cells of a number of yeast species and induced their conversion to protoplasts in an osmotically stabilized medium. The lytic system showed different pH and temperature optima when viable cells or isolated cell walls were used as substrates. The pH optimum of the lysis of isolated cell walls was identical with pH optimum of β‐glucanase activities in the crude system. The results pointed out that in the lysis of intact cells, in addition to β‐glucanases, some other factor is involved. Substantial differences in the nature of the outer and the inner surface of cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were confirmed in this paper based on the different susceptibility to lysis of the cell walls in vivo and in vitro .
Fast algorithm for estimating ocean surface velocity and coherence time (2003)

This paper deals with the estimation of celerity and coherence time using array of equispaced sensors for observing the ocean surface. A fast algorithm based on array processing or spatial analysis is proposed. Initially, two-antenna synthetic aperture radars (SAR) system are used in order to obtain two images of the same surface of the ocean afterwards the analysis of these images by using the signal processing or spectral analysis leads to estimate phase difference between the images and finally the mean short-term Doppler shift of the scattering from the ocean surface is estimated on pixel by pixel basis. To improve velocity and time coherence estimation the multiple antenna system is introduced in SAR system. Indeed, the use of more than two-antennas allows to develop statistical methods or multidimensional signal processing algorithms. Interesting studies, in which the blind maximum likelihood algorithms are used, have been published. Its performance is proved to be more accurate than the two-antenna SAR system based methods. The proposed algorithm is based on the second order statistics of the received data. Both the correlation and the coherence matrices are used for estimating the noise power, the spatial correlation matrix of the speckle and the coherence time of the ocean surface.