gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
(Table 2) Concentration of phytoplankton pigments in Adventfjorden in spring and summer of 1997 (2009)

The study was carried out from April 30 until July 13 of 1997 in Adventfjorden (Spitsbergen). Formation of a less saline and warmer surface water (~1 m thick) caused by melting of the ice was observed in the fjord during the first days of May. In summer the less saline surface layer was about 3 m thick. Euphotic depth measured under the ice sheet reached 12 m, whereas load of mineral matter brought with riverine discharge in summer (content of total particulate matter in the fjord reached 1.66 kg/m**2) dramatically reduced euphotic zone depth to 0.35 m. By pigment measurement three phases of phytoplankton development in Adventfjorden were distinguished: (1) spring bloom that has started under fast ice and reached maximum in the mid of May, (2) stagnation period in June, (3) increase of pigment concentration in July, what could indicate start of the next algae bloom. Analyses of chlorophylls and carotenoids revealed that diatoms (chl c, fucoxanthin), and green algae (chl b, lutein) dominated phytoplankton community in the fjord. Moreover, presence of peridinin indicates presence of Dinophyta and alloxanthin - occurence of Cryptophyta. In May and June 1997 phytoplankton appeared mainly in the surface of water, while in July, as a result of inflow of turbulent riverine waters into Adventfjorden, algae cells were pushed down and the highest numbers were observed at depth ~20 m. Great phaeopigments to chl a ratio (= 0.54) found in fjord seston in June and July probably shows strong impact of zooplankton grazing on phytoplankton development. High contribution of chlorophyllide a in porphyrin a poll in samples collected under fast ice (chlorophyllide a / chl a ratio = 0.18) reflects the final stage of algal communitie succession in ice, just before spring ice melt and release of biota to oceanic water. Chlorophyllide a content during summer was minor or not detectable, demonstrating that diatom cells were in good physiological condition. High chl a allomer / chl a ratio (average = 0.11 for the period investigated) confirms high oxygen concentration in environment of Adventfjorden.
Reaction Mechanism of Selective Photooxidation of Amines over Niobium Oxide: Visible-Light-Induced Electron Transfer between Adsorbed Amine and Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> (2012)

Mechanistic studies were performed using several spectroscopic techniques (ultraviolet–visible, Fourier transform infrared, and electron spin resonance spectroscpies) and quantum chemical calculations to elucidate the photoactivation process and catalytic cycle of photooxidation of amines over niobium oxide (Nb2O5) under visible light. The reaction mechanism was found to involve oxidative dehydrogenation of amines to imines via photoactivation of a Nb2O5–amide surface complex derived from dissociatively adsorbed amine on Nb2O5. Formation of the surface complex generates a donor level consisting of a N 2p orbital localized on the amide nitrogen atom within the forbidden band of Nb2O5. Direct excitation from this new donor level to the conduction band of Nb2O5 enables excitation at lower energy than the bandgap. Although Nb2O5 itself is transparent to visible light (λ > 390 nm), amine oxidation proceeds even under visible irradiation because of photoactivation of the Nb2O5–amide surface complex. When a primary amine is used as a substrate, the produced dehydrogenated imine is immediately hydrolyzed to aldehyde, followed by condensation with an amine to form an dimerized imine.
New hydrazones of 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde with adamantanealkanohydrazides: synthesis and in vitro trypanocidal activity (2016)

A range of hydrazones of 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde with adamantane alkanohydrazides was synthesized and their trypanocidal activity was evaluated.
Calpain inhibitor 1 activates p53-dependent apoptosis in tumor cell lines. (2000)

Reports suggest a role of calpains in degradation of wild-type p53, which may regulate p53 induction of apoptosis. A calpain inhibitor, n-acetyl-leu-leu-norleucinal (calpain inhibitor 1), was assessed for ability to enhance p53-dependent apoptosis in human tumor cell lines with endogenous wild-type p53 and in altered p53 cell lines with the replacement of wild-type p53 by a recombinant adenovirus (rAd-p53). Calpain inhibitor 1 treatment resulted in increased levels of activated p53, increased p21 protein, and activation of caspases. Cell lines with wild-type, but not mutated or null, p53 status arrested in G0/G1 and were sensitive to calpain inhibitor-induced apoptosis. Regardless of endogenous p53 status, calpain inhibitor treatment combined with rAd-p53, but not empty vector virus, enhanced apoptosis in tumor cell lines. These results demonstrate p53-dependent apoptosis induced by a calpain inhibitor and further suggest a role for calpains in the regulation of p53 activity and induction of apoptotic pathways.
Performance and information pattern trade-offs in a consensus based distributed optimization method (2012)

In this paper, aspects of a consensus based distributed optimization method are studied. The method is applied to approximate the solution of a multi-variate Linear-Quadratic (LQ) optimal control problem via distributed decision makers. The decision makers are constrained in terms of the pattern of local computation and information exchange, as a mechanism for managing the corresponding overheads. Feasibility (i.e., constraints satisfaction by the approximated solutions), convergence, and optimality of the method are proved. Convergence to the solution of finite horizon LQ optimal control problem is illustrated for a system with six interacting linear time invariant subsystems. For this system, trade-offs between approximation error (i.e. performance loss relative to the optimal solution) and the patterns used to constrain information exchange and computation, are also illustrated.
Static properties of polystyrene in semidilute solutions: A comparison of Monte Carlo simulation and small-angle neutron scattering results (1999)

Monte Carlo simulations have been performed on a meso-scale polymer model for semiflexible chains and effective polymer-polymer interactions. Simulations were made for different chain lengths at dilute and semidilute concentrations. The correlation length and osmotic compressibility have been determined for the simulations as well as experimentally for polystyrene in d-toluene by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), and excellent agreement is found. Interpolations of the MC scattering functions fit the SANS data in the full measured range of scattering vectors, demonstrating agreement almost down to atomic level.
Rigid-to-Flexible Conformational Transformation: An Efficient Route to Ring-Opening of a Tröger’s Base-Containing Ladder Polymer (2017)

The synthesis of ladder polymers is still a big challenge in polymer chemistry, and in particular, there are few examples of conformationally flexible well-defined ladder polymers. Here we report an efficient and convenient route to conformationally flexible ladder polymers, which is based on a postpolymerization reaction of a rigid ladder polymer containing Tröger's base in its main chain. The postpolymerization reaction involves sequential <i>N</i>-methylation and hydrolysis for the Tröger's base unit, resulting in a diazacyclooctane skeleton that can exhibit a ring-flipping motion. Molecular dynamics simulations predicted that this motion provides conformational flexibility with the resultant ladder polymer, which was demonstrated by <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy in solution. The presence of the diazacyclooctane units in the flexible ladder polymer allowed further functionalization through reactions involving its secondary amine moiety. The present synthetic method may lead to the development of a new class of ladder polymers that exhibit both conformational and design flexibility.
Human genome epidemiology : building the evidence for using genetic information to improve health and prevent disease (2010)

The first edition of Human Genome Epidemiology, published in 2004, discussed how the epidemiologic approach provides an important scientific foundation for studying the continuum from gene discovery to the development, applications and evaluation of human genome information in improving health and preventing disease. Since that time, advances in human genomics have continued to occur at a breathtaking pace. With contributions from leaders in the field from around the world, this new edition is a fully updated look at the ways in which genetic factors in common diseases are studied. Methodologic developments in collection, analysis and synthesis of data, as well as issues surrounding specific applications of human genomic information for medicine and public health are all discussed. In addition, the book focuses on practical applications of human genome variation in clinical practice and disease prevention. Students, clinicians, public health professionals and policy makers will find the book a useful tool for understanding the rapidly evolving methods of the discovery and use of genetic information in medicine and public health in the 21st century.
On the structure of leucaenine: 4th communication (1947)

Abstract The synthesis of two N‐substituted derivatives of 3‐hydroxypyridone‐4 is described.
CompArch'11 - Proceedings of the 2011 Federated Events on Component-Based Software Engineering and Software Architecture - WCOP'11 : Preface (2011)

CompArch'11 - Proceedings of the 2011 Federated Events on Component-Based Software Engineering and Software Architecture - WCOP'11 : Preface
Inhibition of Protein Kinase CK2 Reduces <i>Cyp24a1</i> Expression and Enhances 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Antitumor Activity in Human Prostate Cancer Cells (2013)

Vitamin D has broad range of physiological functions and antitumor effects. 24-Hydroxylase, encoded by the CYP24A1 gene, is the key enzyme for degrading many forms of vitamin D including the most active form, 1,25D(3). Inhibition of CYP24A1 enhances 1,25D(3) antitumor activity. To isolate regulators of CYP24A1 expression in prostate cancer cells, we established a stable prostate cancer cell line PC3 with CYP24A1 promoter driving luciferase expression to screen a small molecular library for compounds that inhibit CYP24A1 promoter activity. From this screening, we identified, 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole (TBBz), a protein kinase CK2 selective inhibitor as a disruptor of CYP24A1 promoter activity. We show that TBBz inhibits CYP24A1 promoter activity induced by 1,25D(3) in prostate cancer cells. In addition, TBBz downregulates endogenous CYP24A1 mRNA level in TBBz-treated PC3 cells. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated CK2 knockdown reduces 1,25D(3)-induced CYP24A1 mRNA expression in PC3 cells. These results suggest that CK2 contributes to 1,25D(3)-mediated target gene expression. Finally, inhibition of CK2 by TBBz or CK2 siRNA significantly enhances 1,25D(3)-mediated antiproliferative effect in vitro and in vivo in a xenograft model. In summary, our findings reveal that protein kinase CK2 is involved in the regulation of CYP24A1 expression by 1,25D(3) and CK2 inhibitor enhances 1,25D(3)-mediated antitumor effect.
DC and RF performance of 0.1 mu m gate length Al/sub 0.48/In/sub 0.52/As-Ga/sub 0.38/In/sub 0.62/As pseudomorphic HEMTs (2003)

The authors report on the epitaxial layer design, device fabrication, and millimeter-wave performance of lattice-matched and pseudomorphic AlInAs-GaInAs HEMTs (high-electron-mobility transistors). The authors fabricated 0.1- mu m gate length HEMTs using pseudomorphic Al/sub 0.48/In/sub 0.52/As-Ga/sub 0.38/In/sub 0.62/As modulation-doped epitaxial layers and compared them with lattice-matched Al/sub 0.48/In/sub 0.52/As-Ga/sub 0.47/In/sub 0.53/As HEMTs. The pseudomorphic HEMTs demonstrated an external f/sub T/ (current-gain cutoff frequency) of 205 GHz, which is the first demonstration of a transistor with an f/sub T/>200 GHz. The V-band noise figure of an amplifier built with the lattice-matched HEMT and the pseudomorphic HEMTs was 1.3 dB and 1.5 dB, respectively. The associated gain was 9.5 dB and 8.0 dB, respectively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optical frequency measurements of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mspace width="0.2em"/><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>∕</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:none/><mml:mprescripts/><mml:none/><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mspace width="0.2em"/><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>∕</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:none/><mml:mprescripts/><mml:none/><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mspace width="0.2em"/><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">D</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math>transitions in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mi>Cs</mml:mi><mml:mprescripts/><mml:none/><mml:mn>133</mml:mn></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:math>and their impact on the fine-structure constant (2006)

High resolution laser spectroscopy of the $6s\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{2}S_{1∕2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6p\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{2}P_{1∕2}$ transition (${D}_{1}$ line) in neutral $^{133}\mathrm{Cs}$ is performed in a highly collimated thermal atomic beam by use of a femtosecond laser frequency comb and narrow-linewidth diode laser. The diode laser is offset locked to a single frequency component of the femtosecond laser frequency comb and probes the optical transitions between selected pairs of ground-state and excited-state hyperfine components. A photodiode detects the excited-state decay fluorescence, and a computerized data acquisition system records the signal. The Doppler shift is eliminated by orienting the laser beam in a direction perpendicular to the atomic beam to within a precision of $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{rad}$. Optical frequencies for all four pairs of hyperfine components are measured independently, from which the ${D}_{1}$ line centroid and excited-state hyperfine splitting are obtained by least-squares minimization with the ground-state splitting as a fixed constraint. We find the ${D}_{1}$ line centroid to be ${f}_{{D}_{1}}=335\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}116\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}048\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}748.1(2.4)\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{kHz}$, and the $6p\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{2}P_{1∕2}$ state hyperfine splitting to be 1 167 723.6(4.8) kHz. These results, in combination with the results of an atom interferometry experiment by Wicht et al. [Phys. Scripta T 102, 82 (2002)], are used to calculate a new value for the fine-structure constant.
Making decisions at the end of life when caring for a person with dementia: a literature review to explore the potential use of heuristics in difficult decision-making (2016)

The use of heuristics in palliative or end of life dementia care is not described in the research literature. However, this review identified important decision-making principles, which are largely a reflection of expert opinion. These principles may have the potential to be developed into simple heuristics that could be used in practice.
Development of a self-limiting model of Methotrexate-induced mucositis reinforces butyrate as a potential therapy (2020)

Abstract Background: Gastrointestinal mucositis remains a significant complication of anticancer treatment, with limited anti-mucositis interventions. Currently, there are few validated in vitro systems suitable to study the mechanisms of mucosal injury. Therefore, we aimed to develop and characterize a chemotherapeutic-induced model of mucositis using 3D intestinal organoids. Methods: Organoids derived from mouse ileum were grown for 7 days and incubated with different concentrations of the chemotherapeutic agent methotrexate (MTX), ranging from 0-1000 ng/ml. Metabolic activity, citrulline levels and cytokine/chemokine production were measured to determine the optimal dosage and incubation time. To link the model to clinical practices, the protective effects of folinic acid on the toxicity of MTX were investigated by pre-treating organoids with (0.0005-50 µg/mL) folinic acid. Given the impact of microbial-derived short-chain fatty acids in epithelial health, we also evaluated the impact of short-chain fatty acid supplementation on MTX toxicity in the organoid model. Results: MTX treatment caused a dose-dependent reduction in cell metabolic activity and citrulline production. Folinic acid treatment reduced MTX toxicity when applied simultaneously or up to 24 hours after treatment. Supplementation of the growth medium with butyrate reduced MTX toxicity. Analysis of organoid gene expression suggests that butyrate may reduce intracellular MTX concentrations by increasing the expression of MTX transporters, including the ABCC1 transporter. Conclusion: MTX causes significant organoid damage, which can be reversed upon removal of MTX. The specific readouts and the protective effects of folinic acid suggest that the model is clinically relevant, and can be used in the future to study mucositis, diminishing the need for animal models. By using the model for intervention, it was found that prophylactic treatment with butyrate might be a valuable strategy for prophylactic mucositis prevention.
An Hybrid Data Transfer Optimization Technique for GPGPU∗ (2009)

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-entific research documents, whether they are pub-lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et a ̀ la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Anti-Human Cardiac Myosin Autoantibodies in Kawasaki Syndrome (1999)

Kawasaki syndrome (KS) is the major cause of acquired heart disease in children. Although acute myocarditis is observed in most patients with KS, its pathogenesis is unknown. Because antimyosin autoantibodies are present in autoimmune myocarditis and rheumatic carditis, the purpose of the current study was to determine whether anticardiac myosin Abs might be present during the acute stage of KS. Sera from KS patients as well as age-matched febrile controls and normal adults were compared for reactivity with human cardiac myosin in ELISAs and Western blot assays. A total of 5 of 13 KS sera, as compared with 5 of 8 acute rheumatic fever sera, contained Ab titers to human cardiac myosin that were significantly higher than those found in control sera. Both cardiac and skeletal myosins were recognized in the ELISA by KS sera, although stronger reactivity was observed to human cardiac myosin. Only IgM antimyosin Abs from KS sera were significantly elevated relative to control sera. KS sera containing antimyosin Abs recognized synthetic peptides from the light meromyosin region of the human cardiac myosin molecule and had a different pattern of reactivity than acute rheumatic fever sera, further supporting the association of antimyosin Ab with KS. These Abs may contribute to the pathogenesis of acute myocarditis found in patients with KS.
1.55‐μm DFB lasers over a wide temperature range for analog application (2005)

Abstract Strained‐layer multiquantum‐well distributed‐feedback (SL‐MQW‐DFB) lasers at a wavelength of 1.55 μm operating from −40°C to 85°C without any coolers are demonstrated. The average value of IMD3 at 1.8 GHz and 5 mW operating conditions was −71 dBc, and the RIN at 2 mW was measured as 151 dB/Hz. The uncooled DFB lasers we have developed are very useful for mobile applications. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 273–275, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21325
Underground Muons From the Direction of Cygnus X-3 During the January 1991 Radio Flare (1991)

Muons recorded in the Soudan 2 underground nucleon decay detector from January 1989 to February 1991 have been examined for any correlation with the radio flares of Cyguns X-3 observed during this period. On two nearby days during the radio flare of January 1991 a total of 32 muons within 2.0{degrees} of the Cyguns X-3 direction were observed when 11.4 were expected.
Contact-dependent hemolytic activity distinct from deforming activity of Bartonella bacilliformis (2000)

Although Bartonella bacilliformis causes a severe anemia in humans, this study presents the first report of hemolytic activity by B. bacilliformis. The activity was not apparent in culture supernatants but was reliably detected when B. bacilliformis cells were centrifuged onto erythrocytes prior to incubation. Abrogation of hemolytic activity by proteinase K treatment suggested the hemolysin was a Bartonella protein. Even though hemolysis required relatively long incubation times, de novo protein synthesis was not required to produce the protein. A preparation containing factors released by B. bacilliformis, including deformin, a B. bacilliformis protein able to induce pits and invaginations in erythrocyte membranes, had some ability to lyse erythrocytes. However, pre-deformed erythrocytes did not lyse faster or to a greater extent than control erythrocytes after the addition of B. bacilliformis cells. Inhibition of deformation caused by B. bacilliformis cells with the erythrocyte ATPase inhibitor, vanadate, did not affect hemolytic activity. This study suggests hemolytic activity and deforming activity are attributable to different B. bacilliformis proteins.
Control of Photoinduced Charge Transfer Lifetimes in Porphyrin Arrays by Ligand Addition (2009)

We demonstrate that the binding of N-donor ligands (4-picoline, imidazole) or anions (chloride) to the terminal zinc(II) porphyrin of selectively metalated triad and tetrad porphyrin arrays allows unprecedented control of photoinduced energy and charge transfer processes. Detailed electrochemical and photophysical studies of the arrays, and also of dyadic and monomeric reference compounds, show that the main effect of ligation is to alter the redox potentials of the zinc(II) porphyrin, making the final step of trans-array charge transfer (between the zinc(II) porphyrin and an adjacent free-base porphyrin) more exothermic. The result of this increased exothermicity is a reduced reversibility for this step and an increase in the trans-array charge transfer lifetime, correlating with the basicity of the ligand employed. For the tetrad, ligation with chloride extends the trans-array charge transfer lifetime to millisecond time scales in polar solvents. For the triad, chloride ligation “switches on” trans-array charge transfer in the nonpolar solvent toluene. The porphyrin arrays studied have geometries that match closely the arrangement of chromophores in natural photosynthetic reaction centers. Using metal ligation to control and optimize interporphyrin energy and electron transfer processes mimics another important aspect of natural light harvesting systems.
The case for psychological computing (2013)

This paper envisions a new research direction that we call psychological computing. The key observation is that, even though computing systems are missioned to satisfy human needs, there has been little attempt to bring understandings of human need/psychology into core system design. This paper makes the case that percolating psychological insights deeper into the computing layers is valuable, even essential. Through examples from content caching, vehicular systems, and network scheduling, we argue that psychological awareness can not only offer performance gains to known technological problems, but also spawn new kinds of systems that are difficult to conceive otherwise.