gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nongeometric Conditional Phase Shift via Adiabatic Evolution of Dark Eigenstates: A New Approach to Quantum Computation (2005)

We propose a new approach to quantum phase gates via the adiabatic evolution. The conditional phase shift is neither of dynamical nor geometric origin. It arises from the adiabatic evolution of the dark state itself. Taking advantage of the adiabatic passage, this kind of quantum logic gates is robust against moderate fluctuations of experimental parameters. In comparison with the geometric phase gates, it is unnecessary to drive the system to undergo a desired cyclic evolution to obtain a desired solid angle. Thus, the procedure is simplified, and the fidelity may be further improved since the errors in obtaining the required solid angle are avoided. We illustrate such a kind of quantum logic gates in the ion trap system. The idea can also be realized in other systems, opening a new perspective for quantum information processing.
Quality fine granular scalability video coding method for head shoulder sequence images (2004)

Fine granular scalability (FGS) coding method has fine-grained scalable capability and can be adapted to dynamic variation of network bandwidth.So it is considered as a good coding scheme suitable for video transmission over network.But current MPEG-4 FGS coding standard is not efficient,which will restrict its application.Therefore,a quality fine granular scalable coding scheme for head shoulder sequence images,which are commonly seen in video applications,is implemented in this paper.The base layer is encoded with H.26L and the residual signal between the original image and the reconstructed image from base layer is encoded with a DCT-based SPIHT coding method to achieve the enhancement layer bit stream.Automatic human face detection and tracing algorithm in a complex background is combined with selective enhancement technique to encode human face region with high priority.Experimental results show that the overall coding efficiency gain of this method is higher than that of MPEG-4 FGS standard and the bit stream is fine granular scalable.The subjective perceptual quality of reconstructed human face region can be selectively improved.
Methodology for the development of analytical fragility curves for retrofitted bridges (2008)

Abstract Fragility curves for retrofitted bridges indicate the influence of various retrofit measures on the probability of achieving specified levels of damage. This paper presents an analytical methodology for developing fragility curves for classes of retrofitted bridge systems. The approach captures the impact of retrofit on the vulnerability of multiple components, which to date has not been adequately addressed, and results in a comparison of the system fragility before and after the application of different retrofit measures. Details presented include analytical modeling, uncertainty treatment, impact of retrofit on demand models, capacity estimates, and component and system fragility curves. The findings indicate the importance of evaluating the impact of retrofit not only on the targeted response quantity and component vulnerability but also on the overall bridge fragility. As illustrated by the case study of a retrofitted multi‐span continuous (MSC) concrete girder bridge class, a given retrofit measure may have a positive impact on some components, yet no impact or a negative impact on other critical components. Consideration of the fragility based only on individual retrofitted components, without regard for the system, may lead to over‐estimation or under‐estimation of the impact on the bridge fragility. The proposed methodology provides an opportunity to effectively compare the fragility of the MSC concrete bridge retrofit with a range of different retrofit measures. The most effective retrofit in reducing probable damage for a given intensity is a function of the damage state of interest. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of the effect of carbon dioxide injection on the recovery of in-situ methane form bituminous coal: an experimental simulation (1982)

A set of experiments is described in which carbon dioxide is injected into large cores of methane-and water-saturated bituminous coal, at elevated pressures to simulate the enhanced recovery of in-situ methane from coal beds. Carbon dioxide injection increases the recovery of methane by a factor of 2-3 times that achieved in simple desorption by pressure drawdown and atmosphere diffusion. CO/sub 2/ at pressures of 500-800 psig are shown to be capable of completely de-methanating integral coal samples. 4 refs.
Litologia piaskowców grodziskich (Karpaty fliszowe) (1963)

The lithology of grodischi sandstone in the Flysch Carpathians

Badaniami objeto piaskowce grodziskie, ktore scharakteryzowano na 50 probkach pobranych z roznych odsloniec na obszarze Karpat fliszowych miedzy Bielskiem na zachodzie i Leskiem na wschodzie. Na podstawie badan litologicznych wyrozniono w obrebie piaskowcow grodziskich nastepujące odmiany: piaskowce wapniste, wapienie piaszczyste, piaskowce bezwapniste i piaskowce o spoiwie mieszanym, wapnisto-krzemionkowo-ilastym. W badaniach litologicznych uwzgledniono ilościowy sklad mineralny, zawartośc weglanu wapnia, podstawowe wlasności fizyczne i techniczne oraz uziarnienie wyroznionych odmian piaskowcow. Przedyskutowano tez ich znaczenie surowcowe jako kamienia drogowego.

The Grodischt sandstones were investigated and characterized on 50 samples taken from different outcrops in the area of Flysch Carpathians between Bielsko in the west and Lesko in the east. Lithological investigations enabled to distinguish within Grodischt sandstones the following varieties: calcareous sandstones, sandy limestones, non-calcareous sandstones and sandstones of mixed calcium-silica-clayey cement. Particular attention was paid in these investigations to the quantitative mineral composition, the calcium carbonate content, the essential physical and technical properties, and the graining of the discriminated varieties of sandstones. Their utility for road construction was fully considered too.
Coupling Between Two Rectangular Bars Through a Finite Thickness Slot (1981)

A conformal mapping procedure is described to obtain the coupling capacitance between two rectangular bars through a finite thickness slot. Representative theoretical graphs of the coupling capacitance and even-mode fringing capacitance for the coupling geometry are presented. A comparison is made between graphs of the theoretical coupling coefficient computed from the fringing capacitances, and measured results for two sets of coupling plates. For each set the thickness was kept constant and the slot width varied. The slot coupled rectangular bar geometry finds application in the construction of interdigital and combline linear-phase filters.
Paulo Coelho’s The Alchemist: the Mnemonics of Life Management Skills (2012)

Paulo Coelho's The Alchemist has been hailed as a book that has transformed the lives of millions of people for the better. In fact, it is more a self-help book than a novel. In it, Coelho has focused on the art of living: how to make life interesting by following one's dream. He asserts that one has to discover one's personal legend or the very purpose of being. With the support of the philosophy and psychology of Alchemy, which is basically an art as well as science of personal transformation, the underlying idea being as lead is transformed/evolved into gold (i.e., lead's full potential), similarly all human beings are capable of selfactualization or realizing their full potential. Coelho believes that paying heed to one's unconscious, which manifests itself in forms like dreams, myths, omens and symbols, one should undertake the journey of life with love and care. One has to pay the price for one's dream. The novelist lays emphasis on taking decisions: one should not be deterred by various formidable obstacles that come one's way. Coelho claims that actually the greatest secret of success in life is love, for it is at the root of personal transformation and collective evolution.
Diabetes and pre-diabetes are associated with cardiovascular risk factors and carotid/femoral intima-media thickness independently of markers of insulin resistance and adiposity (2007)

We found graded relationships between IGR categories and both major CVD risk factors and carotid/femoral IMT. These relationships were only partly accounted for by BMI, waist and insulin. This suggests that increased CVD-risk associated with IGR is also mediated by factors other than the considered markers of adiposity and insulin resistance. The results also imply that IGR and associated major CVD risk factors should be systematically screened and appropriately managed.
Well Logging in Ground‐Water Hydrology <sup>a</sup> (1968)

ABSTRACT In 1966 more than 50 billion gallons of water was pumped daily from an estimated 10 to 15 million water wells in the United States. This was more than one‐sixth of the national withdrawal of water. On the basis of past rates of increase, a much greater future use of ground water is suggested. Our annual investment in water wells is one‐half to three‐quarter billion dollars, not including pumps and plumbing. In 1964 approximately 436,000 new wells were drilled; however, less than 1 percent of these wells were logged by any geophysical means. The application of _ge_o.phy.sical well logging to ground‐water hydrology is comparable to its use in petroleum exploration in the 1930's; however, we can take advantage of equipment and interpretation techniques developed in the oil industry that are available now for use in ground‐water investigations. Although most petroleum well logging techniques may be utilized in hydrology; modifications in equipment and interpretation are necessary because of basic economic and environmental differences between petroleum and ground‐water evaluation. If logging is to be widely applied to ground‐water exploration and evaluation, the expense of equipment and services must be reduced. Fortunately, this can be accomplished, because most water wells are not as deep as oil wells and the temperatures and pressures are lower. The Water Resources Division of the U. S. Geological Survey is conducting research on the application of borehole geophysics to ground‐water hydrology. The following logging devices are utilized in the evaluation of ground‐water environments: spontaneous potential, resistivity, gamma, gamma‐gamma, neutron, radioactive tracer, flowmeter, caliper, fluid resistivity, gradient and differential temperature, and sonic velocity. Lightweight logging sondes and control modules are operated by one man, either on a vehicle‐mounted 6,000‐foot logger or on a suitcase‐mounted 500‐foot logger. An inexpensive magnetic tape system has been developed and is used routinely for log recording and playback. If commercial well logging service is to be widely used in ground‐water exploration and development, water well contractors, and State and municipal agencies must be educated on the advantages of obtaining more information from each hole drilled. It will be necessary also to demonstrate how well logging can provide much of this information. In addition, the well logging industry must adapt their equipment and services to the requirements of ground‐water hydrology. The need for additional logging capability in this field exists at the present time and is expected to increase. Hopefully industry will be able to fill the gap.
Color Vision Losses in Autism Spectrum Disorders (2017)

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by impairments in social/communication abilities and restricted behaviors. The present study aims to examine color vision discrimination in ASD children and adolescents without intellectual disability. The participants were also subdivided in order to compare color vision thresholds of autistic participants and those who achieved diagnostic criteria for Asperger Syndrome (AS). Nine subjects with autism, 11 participants with AS and 36 typically developing children and adolescents participated in the study. Color vision was assessed by the Cambridge Color Test (CCT). The Trivector protocol was administered to determine color discrimination thresholds along the protan, deutan, and tritan color confusion lines. Data from ASD participants were compared to tolerance limits for 90% of the population with 90% probability obtained from controls thresholds. Of the 20 ASD individuals examined, 6 (30%) showed color vision losses. Elevated color discrimination thresholds were found in 3/9 participants with autism and in 3/11 AS participants. Diffuse and tritan deficits were found. Mechanisms for chromatic losses may be either at the retinal level and/or reflect reduced cortical integration.
A Framework for Automated Spine and Vertebrae Interpolation-Based Detection and Model-Based Segmentation (2015)

Automated and semi-automated detection and segmentation of spinal and vertebral structures from computed tomography (CT) images is a challenging task due to a relatively high degree of anatomical complexity, presence of unclear boundaries and articulation of vertebrae with each other, as well as due to insufficient image spatial resolution, partial volume effects, presence of image artifacts, intensity variations and low signal-to-noise ratio. In this paper, we describe a novel framework for automated spine and vertebrae detection and segmentation from 3-D CT images. A novel optimization technique based on interpolation theory is applied to detect the location of the whole spine in the 3-D image and, using the obtained location of the whole spine, to further detect the location of individual vertebrae within the spinal column. The obtained vertebra detection results represent a robust and accurate initialization for the subsequent segmentation of individual vertebrae, which is performed by an improved shape-constrained deformable model approach. The framework was evaluated on two publicly available CT spine image databases of 50 lumbar and 170 thoracolumbar vertebrae. Quantitative comparison against corresponding reference vertebra segmentations yielded an overall mean centroid-to-centroid distance of 1.1 mm and Dice coefficient of 83.6% for vertebra detection, and an overall mean symmetric surface distance of 0.3 mm and Dice coefficient of 94.6% for vertebra segmentation. The results indicate that by applying the proposed automated detection and segmentation framework, vertebrae can be successfully detected and accurately segmented in 3-D from CT spine images.
Optical Forces in Plasmonic Nanoparticle Dimers (2010)

We present calculations of the optical forces between two metal nanospheres forming a hybridized plasmonic dimer. We consider homo- and heterodimers and investigate different plane wave illumination configurations. The forces between the particles are calculated using full Mie theory combined with the Maxwell stress tensor (MST) formalism, as well as by approximate methods, such as the Lorentz force (LF) approach taken in the dipole limit and calculations based on an optical potential. We show that the simplified calculation schemes can lead to serious errors in the case of strongly interacting particles and low damping. In particular, we find that equilibrium configurations, corresponding to vanishing optical forces, only are possible for homodimers illuminated in the end-fire configuration and for heterodimers, although multipolar effects and damping radically reduce the repulsive interactions in the latter case.
Scheduling processes with release times, deadlines, precedence, and exclusion relations (2001)

An algorithm that finds an optimal schedule on a single processor for a given set of processes is presented. Each process starts executing after its release time and completes its computation before its deadline and a given set of precedence relations and exclusion relations defined on ordered pairs of process segments are satisfied. This algorithm can be applied to the important and previously unsolved problem of automated pre-run-time scheduling of processes with arbitrary precedence and exclusion in hard-real-time systems. >
Interpenetrating polymer networks of bismaleimide and polyurethane-crosslinked epoxy (1998)

This study prepared an interpenetrating polymer network of bismaleimide and polybutylene adipate-based polyurethane-crosslinked epoxy (BMI/PU-EP IPN) using the simultaneous bulk polymerization technique. Infrared spectra analysis was also performed to identify the polyurethane-crosslinked epoxy (PU-EP). Also investigated herein were the mechanical properties including tensile strength, fracture energy, and Izod impact strength of various bismaleimide content in PU-EP matrix. In addition, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analyses of the BMI/PU-EP IPN were conducted as well. Analyses results demonstrate that the bismaleimide was dissolved primarily in the polyurethane domains of the epoxy matrix to form a compatible system, thereby increasing the mechanical strength of the BMI/PU-EP IPNs. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 70: 529–536, 1998
Handler beliefs affect scent detection dog outcomes (2011)

Our aim was to evaluate how human beliefs affect working dog outcomes in an applied environment. We asked whether beliefs of scent detection dog handlers affect team performance and evaluated relative importance of human versus dog influences on handlers' beliefs. Eighteen drug and/or explosive detection dog/handler teams each completed two sets of four brief search scenarios (conditions). Handlers were falsely told that two conditions contained a paper marking scent location (human influence). Two conditions contained decoy scents (food/toy) to encourage dog interest in a false location (dog influence). Conditions were (1) control; (2) paper marker; (3) decoy scent; and (4) paper marker at decoy scent. No conditions contained drug or explosive scent; any alerting response was incorrect. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used with search condition as the independent variable and number of alerts as the dependent variable. Additional nonparametric tests compared human and dog influence. There were 225 incorrect responses, with no differences in mean responses across conditions. Response patterns differed by condition. There were more correct (no alert responses) searches in conditions without markers. Within marked conditions, handlers reported that dogs alerted more at marked locations than other locations. Handlers' beliefs that scent was present potentiated handler identification of detection dog alerts. Human more than dog influences affected alert locations. This confirms that handler beliefs affect outcomes of scent detection dog deployments.
PLANET: A tool for representing and generating plans in an RMS framework (2002)

Realistic planning must be viewed as an iteration of plan search, explanation generation, and observation. A framework that provides an ideal representation for all these purposes is the reason maintenance system (RMS). In order to capture all aspects of planning, the RMS must be able to model the functionality of the heuristic layer, the plan layer, and the domain layer in the dependency network. A description is presented of PLANET, a tool that provides such a facility along with a set of planning primitives, with which a user can represent the plan logic, formulate plan strategies, and generate explanations within a RMS framework. >
Determination of Glufosinate Ammonium and Its Metabolite (AE F064619 and AE F061517) Residues in Water by Gas Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry after Ion Exchange Cleanup and Derivatization (2000)

An analytical method for the determination of glufosinate ammonium and its principal metabolites, AE F064619 and AE F061517, in water of two different hardnesses (5 and 30 DH, French hardness) has been developed and validated. Samples were spiked at different levels (0. 05 and 0.5 microgram/L) and were purified by column chromatography on ion-exchange resins. After derivatization with glacial acetic acid and trimethylarthoacetate mixture, the derivatives were quantified by using capillary gas chromatography with an ion-trap tandem mass spectrometric detector. Analytical conditions for MS/MS detection were optimized, and the quantification was carried out on the areas of the most representative ions. The limit of quantification was validated at 0.05 microgram/L for each compound. The mean recovery value and the relative standard deviation (n = 20) were 92.0% and 17. 8% for glufosinate ammonium, 90.2% and 15.8% for AE F064619, and 89. 7% and 12.7% for AE F061517.
Electrochemiluminescent detection of Mucin 1 protein and MCF-7 cancer cells based on the resonance energy transfer (2012)

A novel sensing strategy for sensitive detection of mucin 1 protein (MUC1) and MCF-7 cells based on electrochemiluminescence (ECL) resonance energy transfer (ERET) from bis(2,2'-bipyridine)-(5-aminophenanthroline)ruthenium(II) (Ru1) to graphene oxide (GO) was proposed. The MUC1 aptamer was covalently combined with Ru1 (Ru1-aptamer) using aqueous carbodiimide coupling chemistry. Due to the strong noncovalent interaction between the Ru1-aptamer and GO, the ECL of Ru1 was efficiently quenched because of the ERET. In the presence of a target MUC1 protein, the binding between the Ru1-aptamer and MUC1 disturbed the interaction between the Ru1-aptamer and GO. These interactions led to the release of the Ru1-aptamer from GO, and resulted in the restoration of Ru1 ECL. This was shown to detect MUC1 protein sensitively in a linear range from 64.9 to 1036.8 nM with a detection limit of 40 nM. With further application in the detection of MCF-7 cells, the presented method could respond at concentrations as low as 30 cancer cells per mL. By substituting the aptamer and the corresponding target, this method could be conveniently extended for the sensitive detection of other biomolecules.
Fast silicon diodes obtained by electron beams (2002)

The manufacture of semiconductor devices is one of the beneficiaries of electron accelerators. One method of controlling the device turnoff time is the irradiation of the device body. The paper relates to irradiation of chips, wafers and fast diodes to improve their electrical characteristics. The electron linear accelerator ALIN-7 was used to irradiate at room temperature and high temperature silicon diodes manufactured by Baneasa S.A. The influence of 7 MeV electron irradiation upon the main electrical characteristics has been examined for different absorbed doses and different irradiation temperatures. The dependence of the minority carrier lifetime, reverse recovery time and forward voltage on the radiation dose and the percentage distribution of the reverse recovery time for the irradiated diodes are presented. Some experimental facts related to electron irradiated or gold doped silicon pn junctions are presented. After junctions' irradiation, the reverse recovery time decreases more than order of magnitude but the reverse current increase is not more than twice near room temperature.