gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Summary report: High Intensity EM Waves (1992)

This is the Summary Report of the ‘‘High Intensity EM Waves’’ working group at the 3rd International Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts held June 14–20, 1992 in Port Jefferson, Long Island, New York. The requirements for future linear colliders with regard to microwave amplifiers is delineated in Section I along with key parameters that allow for the determination of the present status of each research effort that was discussed at the conference. The present status of amplifiers with beam energies less than 800 keV are summarized in Section II. In Section III, we summarize the status of the more non‐traditional schemes associated with the two‐beam concept, in which the energy of the microwave‐generating electron beam is much greater than 1 MeV.
Maximum conditional mutual information projection for speech recognition (2003)

Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) in its original modelfree formulation is best suited to classification problems with equal-covariance classes. Heteroscedastic discriminant analysis (HDA) removes this equal covariance constraint, and therefore is more suitable for automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. However, maximizing HDA objective function does not correspond directly to minimizing the recognition error. In its original formulation, HDA solves a maximum likelihood estimation problem in the original feature space to calculate the HDAtransformationmatrix. Sincethedimensionoftheoriginal feature space in ASR problems is usually high, the estimation of the HDA transformation matrix becomes computationally expensive and requires a large amount of training data. This paper presentsageneralizationofLDAthatsolvesthesetwoproblems. We start with showing that the calculation of the LDA projection matrix is a maximum mutual information estimation probleminthelower-dimensionalspacewithsomeconstraintsonthe modelofthejointconditionalandunconditionalprobabilitydensity functions (PDF) of the features, and then, by relaxing these constraints,wedevelopadimensionalityreductionapproachthat maximizestheconditionalmutualinformationbetweentheclass identity and the feature vector in the lower-dimensional space given the recognizer model. Using this approach, we achieved 1% improvement in phoneme recognition accuracy compared to the baseline system. Improvement in recognition accuracy compared to both LDA and HDA approaches is also achieved .
Fabrication and Individual Control of Magnetic Micro-Machine Moving in a Gel. (2002)

Magnetic micro-machines capable of boring into gel were fabricated. The micro-machines are composed of rod-shape NdFeB magnets and screw-shaped tips. The magnet is magnetized in the direction of the diameter. The diameters of all machines are 0.8 mm. A medical injector can insert this size machine. When a rotational magnetic field is applied, the machine rotates and moves in agar. When the frequency of the external rotational field exceeds the step-out frequency, the machine cannot synchronize to the field and thus stops. The velocity varies greatly with changes in the machine shape. A test using two machines that have different velocities and step-out frequencies, we demonstrated that multiple machines can work individually.
SRI International FASTUS system (1995)

SRI International participated in the MUC-6 evaluation using the latest version of SRI's FASTUS system [1]. The FASTUS system was originally developed for participation in the MUC-4 evaluation [3] in 1992, and the performance of FASTUS in MUC-4 helped demonstrate the viability of finite state technologies in constrained natural-language understanding tasks. The system has undergone significant revision since MUC-4, and it is safe to say that the current system does not share a single line of code with the original. The fundamental ideas behind FASTUS, however, are retained in the current system: an architecture consisting of cascaded finite state transducers, each providing an additional level of analysis of the input, together with merging of the final results.
Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria in Diabetic Foot Ulcers (1976)

Twenty diabetic foot ulcers were cultured using optimal microbiologic techniques. Anaerobic bacteria coexisted with the more commonly recognized aerobic bacteria in 18 specimens. There were a total of 116 isolates with an average of 5.8 species per specimen (3.2 aerobes and 2.6 anaerobes). The principal isolates were Bacteroides species (sp.) (17 strains), peptococci (16), Proteus sp. (11), enterococci (9), Staphylococcus aureus (7), clostridia (7), and Escherichia coli (6). When antimicrobial therapy is indicated the selection of agents should consider the likelihood of a complex aerobic-anaerobic flora.
New Crown Annelated Tetrathiafulvalenes:  Synthesis, Electrochemistry, Self-Assembly of Thiol Derivatives, and Metal Cation Recognition (2000)

The synthesis of new S(2)O(4)-crown annelated tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) derivatives substituted with one terminal thiol group is described. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of these compounds have been assembled on gold and platinum surfaces, the latter substrate giving improved quality films. SAMs of TTF derivative 16b are the most stable of those we have studied. Electrochemical data for SAMs of 5a, 5b, 8, 16a, and 16b in acetonitrile reveal two reversible one-electron waves, typical of the TTF system; the current increased linearly with scan rate, indicating a surface wave response. SAMs of 8, 16a, and 16b exhibited an electrochemical response in aqueous electrolytes, which was observed between 50 and 100 cycles. Moreover, if the potential scanned was limited to the first TTF oxidation, the cyclic voltammetry response was observed for at least 1000 cycles. Metal complexation by the crown ionophore of the SAMs in acetonitrile has been monitored by a positive shift in the first oxidation potential of the TTF unit (maximum DeltaE(1)(1/2) = 80 mV for Ag(+)). We also report the X-ray crystal structure of TTF-crown derivative 21 bearing two hydroxymethyl substituents, synthesized during the course of this work. The structure is characterized by infinite chains of molecules linked by strong intrachain hydrogen bonds between the terminal hydroxy groups.
The<i>Drosophila</i>dual-specificity ERK phosphatase DMKP3 cooperates with the ERK tyrosine phosphatase PTP-ER (2003)

ERK MAP kinase plays a key role in relaying extracellular signals to transcriptional regulation. As different activity levels or the different duration of ERK activity can elicit distinct responses in one and the same cell, ERK has to be under strict positive and negative control. Although numerous genes acting positively in the ERK signaling pathway have been recovered in genetic screens, mutations in genes encoding negative ERK regulators appear underrepresented. We therefore sought to genetically characterize the dual-specificity phosphatase DMKP3. First, we established a novel assay to elucidate the substrate preferences of eukaryotic phosphatases in vivo and thereby confirmed the specificity of DMKP3 as an ERK phosphatase. The Dmkp3 overexpression phenotype characterized in this assay permitted us to isolate Dmkp3 null mutations. By genetic analysis we show that DMKP3 and the tyrosine phosphatase PTP-ER perform partially redundant functions on the same substrate, ERK. DMKP3 functions autonomously in a subset of photoreceptor progenitor cells in eye imaginal discs. In addition, DMKP3 function appears to be required in surrounding non-neuronal cells for ommatidial patterning and photoreceptor differentiation.
ChemInform Abstract: Complementary Use of Iminium Ion and N‐Acyliminium Ion Cyclization Initiators for Asymmetric Synthesis of Both Enantiomers of Hydroxylated Indolizidines. (1989)

Abstract The key precursor of the indolizidinediol (VII) and its enantiomer is the isopropylidenedioxybutanamide (III).
Phase II clinical trial with a second generation, GM-CSF encoding, oncolytic herpesvirus in unresectable metastatic melanoma (2009)

9035 Background: OncoVEX GM-CSF is a an oncolytic HSV, encoding GM-CSF . We recently completed a phase II trial involving 50 advanced melanoma patients (stage IIIc and IV) with at least one injection accessible lesion, including by ultrasound. Methods: Patients received a single IT injection of 10 6 pfu/ml apportioned between 10 or less injectable tumors, followed 3 wks later by 24 or less sequential injections of 10 8 pfu/ml every 2 wks until clinically significant disease progression, or overall or injectable lesion complete response. Response (RECIST modified to allow progression before response and biopsy of residual masses) and survival were monitored. Results: All 50 pts have been enrolled and are evaluable (Stage IIIc, n=10; IV M1a, n=16; IV M1b, n=4; IV M1c, n=20). A median of 6 injections were administered. Adverse effects were limited and generally involved transient flu-like symptoms. Both injected and uninjected regional and distant disease demonstrated response including clearly documented responses at uninjected visceral sites. The overall response rate was 26% (8 CR, 5 PR); 10 responses have been maintained for >6 months and 2 are ongoing at <6months, the longest currently being at 35 months from first dose. 93% of patients (14 of 15) with PR, CR or surgical CR remain alive. Ten additional patients had SD for >3 months. Kaplan Meier one year survival is 61% overall, 58% stage IV only, 48% for Stage IV M1c. The median OS is 16+ months. Conclusions: The 1-year survival and durable objective response rate are encouraging. Responses of distant and visceral disease provide further compelling evidence of systemic effectiveness. This, combined with a limited toxicity profile, suggests OncoVEX GM-CSF is a promising treatment for metastatic melanoma. A phase III clinical trial is planned. [Table: see text]
Docosahexaenoic Acid Suppresses Function of the CD28 Costimulatory Membrane Receptor in Primary Murine and Jurkat T Cells (2001)

(n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been widely documented to reduce inflammation in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. This study sought to elucidate the mechanism whereby (n-3) PUFA downregulate T-cell proliferation. We hypothesized that membrane incorporation of dietary PUFA would alter membrane structure and consequently membrane receptor function. Female C57BL/6 mice were fed for 14 d one of three diets containing arachidonic acid (AA), fish oil or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) that varied in lipid composition only. Spleens were harvested and T cells ( approximately 90% purity) were activated with agonists that stimulated proliferation at the receptor level [anti-CD3 (alphaCD3)/anti-CD28 (alphaCD28)], intracellularly [phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)/ionomycin] or with a combined receptor/intracellular agonist (alphaCD3/PMA). Although there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in proliferative response across dietary groups within each agonist set, interleukin (IL)-2 secretion was significantly reduced (P = 0.05) in cells from DHA-fed mice stimulated with alphaCD3/alphaCD28. In parallel in vitro experiments, Jurkat T cells were incubated with 50 micromol/L linoleic acid, AA, or DHA. Similar agonists sets were employed, and cells incubated with DHA and AA had a significantly reduced (P < 0.05) IL-2 secretion in three of the agonist sets. However, only when the CD28 receptor was stimulated was there a significant difference (P < 0.05) between DHA and AA. The results of this study suggest the involvement of the CD28 receptor in reducing IL-2 secretion in DHA-fed mice and DHA-incubated Jurkat cells and that purified T cells from DHA-fed mice require accessory cells to modulate proliferative suppression.
The Role of Impurity Particles in the Combustion of Double-Base Propellants (1972)

Abstract The thermo-mechanical effect on combustion behavior of incorporating inert impurity particles into double-base propellants is investigated. Burning rate and temperature profile measurements of propellants containing various amounts of aluminium oxide powders of different grain sizes indicate that the inclusion of inert impurity particles enhances the burning rate at low pressures, the effect diminishing with increase in pressure. A theoretical model is constructed, based on the assumption that the interfaces created by these particles provide internal burning surfaces which decompose following an Arrhenius relationship. The simple theoretical model predicts the trend of the experimental results, but cannot provide any insight into the contribution of the thermo-mechanical effect to the overall heat of condensed phase reaction in double-base propellants.
Investigation of BaSi<sub>2</sub> Homojunction Solar Cells on A p<sup>+</sup>-BaSi<sub>2</sub>/p<sup>+</sup>-Si Tunnel Junction Towards BaSi<sub>2</sub>/Si Tandem Solar Cells (2018)

2018 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials,Investigation of BaSi<sub>2</sub> Homojunction Solar Cells on A p<sup>+</sup>-BaSi<sub>2</sub>/p<sup>+</sup>-Si Tunnel Junction Towards BaSi<sub>2</sub>/Si Tandem Solar Cells
Continuum Damage Theory—Application to Concrete (1989)

This paper presents a review of the different models for concrete based on continuum damage theory, formulated at the Laboratoire de Mécanique et Technologie (Cachan, France). Derived in the framework of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes, each formulation is based on physical observation. Induced anisotropy, ductile behavior, and directional effects such as the closure of cracks are discussed and adequate damage models are proposed. Finally, the numerical implementations performed give a good description of the failure process as well as an accurate prediction of the behavior of concrete and reinforced concrete structures.
Light scattering from the volume of optical thin films: theory and experiment (1992)

A theoretical model is presented that describes the volume scattering in thin optical films, particularly in typical columnar structures. It is based on a first-order perturbation theory that concerns the fluctuation of the dielectric permittivity in the film. For evaporated PbF(2) films that show a pronounced columnar morphology, angular as well as total integrated scattering measurements at lambda = 633 nm have been performed on a special layer design to suppress roughness-induced scattering. A comparison of the predicted theoretical and the measured experimental values leads to such structural parameters as packing density and the evolutionary exponent of the columns.
Stress-induced mass detection with a micromechanical/nanomechanical silicon resonator (2005)

The potential ability of micromechanical/nanomechanical silicon resonators with thicknesses of 500 and 146 nm to detect mass and charge in an ion attachment is investigated in vacuum. Low-energy ions are generated by an ionizer and filtered by a quadrupole mass filter. The vibration of the resonator is measured using a laser Doppler vibrometer, which self-oscillates at its fundamental resonant frequency by feedback-controlled electrostatic actuation. The vibration amplitude is kept at a constant with the auto gain control of the feedback loop. The attachment of ions on the one side of the resonator induces the surface stress, resulting in the change of the resonant frequency. Also the feedback gain that keeps the amplitude at a constant changes due to the charge deposition. The measurement of the mass-induced stress of 9.7×10−7N∕m that resulted from a mass attachment smaller than 69 Zg is demonstrated using the 146-nm-thick silicon resonator.
Familial Factors in Mortality with Control of Epidemiological Covariables. Swedish Twins Born 1886-1925 (1984)

A Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was carried out that evaluated age-specific death risk among 21,890 twins born in Sweden during 1886 through 1925 and followed during 1962 through 1980. Cotwin's survival was used as the primary covariable, and auxiliary covariables were smoking, marital status and, among men, police registration for alcohol abuse. In each age, sex and zygosity group, except the oldest DZ males, cotwin's mortality had a significant, independent, positive relationship to the mortality risk of the individual. The auxiliary covariables, except marital status among females, had significant, independent, positive relationships to mortality among the youngest twins of both zygosity groups and in the middle age group of MZ twins. In the oldest age group, the death of MZ cotwins was the only variable significantly related to the individual's mortality. Heritability estimates for the age-specific probability or death risk, developed by different methods for different analysis groups, range between 0.4 and 0.6. They have reasonable internal consistency, are not much affected by the covariates, and are in agreement with other studies that did not control covariates.
Town of Seaside (2009)

site plan, plan of town with location of shops and hotels highlighted and perspective drawing of commercial street
Ambulatory treatment of metastatic melanoma associating subcutaneous dacarbazine, interferon α and interleukin-2 (1995)

Background Recent studies have shown that interleukin-2 (IL2) is less toxic when administered subcutaneously than intravenously. Moreover interferon α and Dacarbazine could increase the efficiency of IL2.

Patients and methods Nineteen ambulatory patients with metastatic melanoma (1 stage III and 18 stage IV) were treated with an association of dacarbazine 400 mg/m2, interferon α2a (Roferon) 9 × 106 IU 3 times per week administered subcutaneously and recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) (Eurocetus) 3 × 106 IU five days per week for two weeks per month subcutaneously. The treatment consisted of 2 induction cures separated by a one-month interval followed by evaluation studies.

Results At the end of the induction phase, 2 complete and 3 partial responses (response rate 26.2%) were observed. These responses were obtained in patients with sinus (1 case), skin (3 cases), lymph node (2 cases), bone (1 case) and liver (I case) targets. The mean response period was 10 months for the 2 complete responses. No patients had grade 4 toxicity, and treatment was stopped for only one patient. Painful subcutaneous nodules frequently (23%) formed at the injection site.

Conclusion The association of subcutaneously administered dacarbazine, interferon α and IL2 would thus seem of interest for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Moreover, toxicity is tolerable and compatible with ambulatory treatment ensuring the patient a decent quality of life.
Oral Poliomyelitis Vaccine, Lederle — Thirteen Years of Laboratory and Field Investigation (1960)

IT is no longer necessary to extol the benefits accruing from the use of attenuated living-virus vaccines, of which smallpox and yellow-fever vaccines are classic examples. In the last fifteen years, as knowledge in the field has increased, over a dozen different live-virus vaccines have been developed and successfully used on a large scale to protect domestic animals. In Russia effective live vaccines against mumps and influenza have recently been reported,1 2 3 4 and work on a live measles vaccine in America5 , 6 holds promise for the near future.Thirteen years ago the firm belief that vaccines containing living attenuated viruses were more . . .
RECONSTRUCTION IN WOMEN WITH BILATERAL PROPHYLACTIC MASTECTOMY: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY (2005)

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: October 2005 - Volume 116 - Issue 5 - p 1557-1558 doi: 10.1097/01.prs.0000184336.87444.c1
Effect of adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic agonists on atrial natriuretic peptide secretion by isolated rat atria. Potential role of the autonomic nervous system in modulating atrial natriuretic peptide secretion. (1987)

Stretching of the atrial wall is a known stimulant for atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion. Little is known about other factors that may influence ANP secretion. We examined the effects of the neurotransmitters of the autonomic nervous system on ANP secretion from isolated rat left atria. Superfusion with 10 muM norepinephrine produced a biphasic rise in ANP secretion with a peak response 2.5-fold above baseline secretion. To determine whether the response to norepinephrine primarily reflected alpha- or beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation, atria were superfused with 0.1 muM isoproterenol or 10 muM phenylephrine and 1 muM propranolol. ANP secretion in response to isoproterenol was biphasic, similar to the response to norepinephrine. Phenylephrine evoked a monophasic ANP secretory response, which was delayed in onset relative to that of isoproterenol or norepinephrine. Superfusion with 10 muM methacholine alone had no effect on ANP secretion, but rapidly attenuated norepinephrine-stimulated secretion by 67%. From these observations we conclude: (a) Both alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonists directly and distinctively stimulate ANP secretion; (b) Norepinephrine stimulates ANP secretion by both alpha- and beta-adrenergic mechanisms, however the secretory response pattern of norepinephrine reflects a predominence of beta-adrenergic activity; (c) Under basal conditions, methacholine does not influence ANP secretion; and (d) Methacholine inhibits norepinephrine-stimulated ANP secretion. Thus, in vivo, activation of the sympathetic nervous system may enhance ANP secretion, whereas a rise in parasympathetic tone may lower ANP secretion.
Egg‐penetration ability and structural properties of human sperm prepared by Percoll‐gradient centrifugation (1988)

Human sperm with a high zona-free hamster egg-penetration ability were obtained by centrifuging freshly ejaculated sperm through a discontinuous two-step (47% and 90%) Percoll gradient at 600g at room temperature for 30 min. Highly motile sperm with good penetration ability were recovered in the pellet fraction (Per-sperm), whereas those with low penetration ability were in the gradient interface. The increased penetration ability of Per-sperm, as compared to sperm capacitated by other methods such as a single-tube swim-up or multiple-tube swim-up preparation, was not due to an increased proportion of acrosome reacted sperm. Rather, transmission electron microscopy indicated that Per-sperm were devoid of coating envelopes, which were present around both the head and tail regions of noncapacitated and single-tube swim-up sperm. Changes to the surface of Per-sperm were demonstrated by their decreased interaction with UEA I lectin, which binds specifically to fucose residues. Removal of the coating envelopes as well as other changes on the sperm surface may lead to an enhanced binding of Per-sperm to the oocyte. In addition, 99% of Per-sperm contained chromatin that was fully condensed. By contrast, about 15% of swim-up sperm still possessed incompletely condensed chromatin. With a higher penetration ability, "clean" appearance, and homogeneity of condensed chromatin, Per-sperm are recommended for insemination and studies of human sperm capacitation.
A Novel Model of Beamspace Beamforming Coefficients for Fronthaul Load Reduction (2019)

Massive Beamforniing systems in next-generation Centralized Radio Access Network architectures can substantially increase the requirements on fronthaul interfaces. This paper proposes a novel and efficient model to reduce the overhead generated by the transfer of beamforming coefficients between base station elements. This approach creates a compressed version for said coefficients, in the beamspace domain, using a clustering strategy over sets (windows) of most powerful beams. The method can be extended for any antenna configuration and also parameterized to adjust the trade-off between radio performance and the fronthaul load reduction. Simulations in typical mobile outdoor scenarios show that the proposed method can present Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise-Ratio performance comparable to the usual dimensionality reduction approach, i.e., beam selection, while generating lower fronthaul overhead.