gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distinct Conformations of DNA-Stabilized Fluorescent Silver Nanoclusters Revealed by Electrophoretic Mobility and Diffusivity Measurements (2011)

Silver-DNA nanoclusters (Ag:DNAs) are novel fluorophores under active research and development as alternative biomolecular markers. Comprised of a few-atom Ag cluster that is stabilized in water by binding to a strand of DNA, they are also interesting for fundamental explorations into the properties of metal molecules. Here, we use in situ calibrated electrokinetic microfluidics and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to determine the size, charge, and conformation of a select set of Ag:DNAs. Among them is a pair of spectrally distinct Ag:DNAs stabilized by the same DNA sequence, for which it is known that the silver cluster differs by two atoms. We find these two Ag:DNAs differ in size by ∼30%, even though their molecular weights differ by less than 3%. Thus a single DNA sequence can adopt very different conformations when binding slightly different Ag clusters. By comparing spectrally identical Ag:DNAs that differ in sequence, we show that the more compact conformation is insensitive to the native DNA secondary structure. These results demonstrate electrokinetic microfluidics as a practical tool for characterizing Ag:DNA.
Variation Between Laboratory and In-Situ Methods for Determining Copper Release Rate from Navy-Approved Coatings (2005)

The United States Navy is taking steps toward extending dry docking intervals for surface ships to reduce adverse environmental effects and underwater hull maintenance costs. To determine the optimum time for maintenance repainting of the hulls of marine vessels, it is necessary to understand the aging of underwater hull antifouling coatings and the rate of biocide release. This article examines the variation between laboratory and in-situ methods for estimating copper release rates from Navy approved vessels. The laboratory test used in this review was the standard ASTM D6442 protocol. In-Situ coating copper release measurements were obtained form studies conducted in natural seawater in San Diego Bay for periods of 2-5 years. The article shows that the copper release rates measured using the longer term in-situ techniques more accurately reflect the release of biocides from in-service ship hulls than the shorter term, ASTM D6442 laboratory method. Based on the results of the studies examined, test methods that take into account real world environment ans operational variables should be used to determine the copper release rates from antifouling rates, and results of ASTM D6442 testing should not be used to predict the useful life of standard navy antifouling coatings.
Horse Conceptuses Secrete Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein 31 (2000)

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) promotes early embryonic development in several species. In the rabbit, IGF-I binds to the embryonic coats from Day 3 of development onward by a 38-kDa protein that is probably insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3). In the present study, ligand, Western, and Northern blot analyses were used to demonstrate the presence of IGF-I-binding activity, several immunoreactive IGFBP3 proteins, and IGFBP3 mRNA in horse conceptuses with particularly large amounts of immunoreactive IGFBP3 in the conceptus capsule. In addition, immunoprecipitation of radiolabeled proteins showed that cultured horse conceptuses secreted IGFBP3 into the culture medium. Endometrial samples from mares also contained IGFBP3 mRNA and protein; but there was no evidence of secretion of IGFBP3 into the uterine lumen by ligand blot analysis, and there was evidence of only very small amounts by Western blot analysis. These results indicate that the horse conceptus secretes significant quantities of IGFBP3 toward the conceptus capsule from as early as Day 10 after ovulation. Thus, most of the IGFBP3 contained within the capsule, which binds IGF-I to this special extracellular matrix of the preimplantation horse conceptus, is likely to be embryonic in origin. IGFBP3 in the horse conceptus capsule may enhance or modulate the action of IGFs on the developing conceptus.
Wave Climate and Wave Response, 2025 Plan, Kahului Harbor, Maui, Hawaii (2002)

Technical report
The variable course of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (1974)

Abstract Analysis of the clinical course in 85 patients with histologically proved primary hepatocellular carcinoma showed that 73 followed the classic pattern of the disease with a rapid onset and a quick demise. Howeoer, in I2 patients the course was longer in that the duration of illness was over 2 years. This was largely accounted for by the duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis. No clinical differences could be discerned between these 12 patients and the other 73, and survival once diagnosis had been made was no different. The frequency of an underlying cirrhosis in the whole series was 58 per cent. The course of these patients differed in no way from those without cirrhosis except that the age hepatocellular carcinoma presented was older. One patient who received no specific therapy lived for 4 years from the time of diagnosis, and in each of the treatment groups there were occasional patients surviving for several years.
Body and Organ Development of Young Rats Maternally Exposed to Methadone (1980)

The effects of maternal methadone (5 mg/kg methadone-HCl) administration during gestation and/or lactation on gross body measurements, absolute and dry organ weights, and tissue water content were studied in 60-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Female offspring perinatally exposed to methadone had body weights and measurements that were comparable to controls, but male rats from each treatment schedule had at least one subnormal body measurement. In contrast to controls, methadone-treated rats had alterations in both wet and dry organ weights, with many organ weights of experimental animals being significantly higher in weight than those of controls. Few differences in tissue water content of any organ were observed between methadone-exposed and control rats. Calculation of organ weight gain from 21 to 60 days of age revealed that methadone-treated animals exhibited abnormally greater weight gains than controls during the postweaning period. These findings suggest that the growth deficits observed at 21 days are, to a large degree, not apparent at sexual maturity. The question of whether this ‘catch-up’ growth is qualitatively as well as quantitatively complete and the implications of these aberrant growth patterns on function needs further evaluation.
Amplitude-modulated electro-mechanical feedback system for silicon condenser microphones (1992)

For silicon condenser microphones, narrowing the air gap as a part of the miniaturization process causes a reduction of the bandwidth of the microphone. By introducing an actuator electrode on the diaphragm for electro-mechanical feedback, it is possible to increase the bandwidth of condenser microphones with a narrow air gap. A feedback system is presented, which uses an amplitude-modulated actuator signal with a carrier frequency far above the audio-frequency range. With feedback, the bandwidth of the microphone is increased by at least a factor 10.
Metal−Halide Bond Photoactivation from a Pt<sup>III</sup>−Au<sup>II</sup> Complex (2007)

The d8···d10 heterobimetallic [PtIIAuI(dppm)2PhCl]PF6 (1) complex (dppm = bis(diphenylphosphino)methane) is oxidized by PhICl2 to give the d7−d9 [PtIIIAuII(dppm)2PhCl3]PF6 (2) complex containing a PtIII−AuII bond. Facile M−X bond activation is achieved by irradiation of CH3CN solutions of 2 with visible light in the presence of 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, inducing a two-electron reduction to regenerate 1.
Field-Induced Color Shift in Electroluminescent Zinc Sulfide (1956)

In a previous paper it was shown that the application of an electric field to certain electroluminescent phosphors in an equilibrium condition produced little light, but that luminescent centers were activated in some way, and radiated upon removal of the field. It is here shown that while the liminescent centers are held in the activated state, changes are taking place which are observed as a color shift in the light radiated as a function of time held in the activated state. For certain green and blue phosphors, prompt removal of the field after activation produces green and blue bands which are also observed in operation at 60 cps. If the field is maintained for some seconds, and then removed, these bands are suppressed and a "yellow band" appears in their place at a rate determined by a temperature dependent time constant of the order of a second at room temperature. Possible explanations of this result are discussed.
Mobile mine equipment maintenance safety: A review of US Bureau of Mines research. Information circular/1995 (1995)

This information circular (IC) brings together for consideration recommendations from U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM) safety research in the area of surface mine mobile equipment maintenance for the period 1982 through 1991. It updates the 1982 contract report by Baker and Alves which formed the basis for much of the work described in the present report. Recommendations for hazard abatement during work on mobile mine equipment are presented stemming from the results and recommendations of the research in two areas; (1) equipment and workplace hazard reduction, and (2) management of maintenance information. Recommendations included in this report apply to both the operators and maintainers of mobile mining equipment as well as to the manufacturers of that equipment.
Human Serum Amyloid P Component Protects against<i>Escherichia coli</i>O157:H7 Shiga Toxin 2 In Vivo: Therapeutic Implications for Hemolytic‐Uremic Syndrome (2006)

Shiga toxin (Stx) 2 causes hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), an intractable and often fatal complication of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection. Here, we show that serum amyloid P component (SAP), a normal human plasma protein, specifically protects mice against the lethal toxicity of Stx2, both when injected into wild-type mice and when expressed transgenically; in the presence of human SAP, there was greatly reduced in vivo localization of Stx2 to the kidneys, suggesting a possible mechanism of protection. In humans, circulating SAP concentrations did not differ between patients with suspected enterohemorrhagic E. coli infection with antibodies to E. coli O157:H7 lipopolysaccharide and those without antibodies or between patients with HUS and those without it. However, the potent protection conferred by human SAP in the mouse model suggests that infusion of supplemental SAP may be a useful novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of this devastating condition.
Preparation and X-ray Crystal Study of Benziodoxaborole Derivatives: New Hypervalent Iodine Heterocycles (2011)

A series of heterocyclic compounds containing trivalent iodine, oxygen, and boron in a five-membered ring were prepared and structurally investigated by X-ray crystallography. 1-Chloro-4-fluoro-1H-1λ(3)-benzo[d][1,2,3]iodoxoborol-3-ol was synthesized by chlorination of 2-fluoro-6-iodophenylboronic acid followed by treatment of the intermediate iododichloride with water. 1-Acetoxy-4-fluoro-1H-1λ(3)-benzo[d][1,2,3]iodoxoborol-3-ol, 1-acetoxy-1H-1λ(3)-benzo[d][1,2,3]iodoxoborol-3-ol, and similar 1-substituted trifluoroacetate derivatives of benziodoxaborole were prepared the hypochlorite oxidation of 2-fluoro-6-iodophenylboronic acid or 2-iodophenylboronic acid in acetic or trifluoroacetic acid, respectively. 1-Acetoxy substituted benziodoxaborole can be further converted to the respective trifluoroacetate by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid or to the 1-hydroxy derivative by basic hydrolysis with aqueous NaHCO(3). X-ray structural studies of 1-chloro- and 1-trifluoroacetoxy substituted benziodoxaboroles 13, 17, and 18 have shown the presence of a planar five-membered heterocyclic ring with unusually short endocyclic I-O bond distance of 2.04-2.09 Å. Slow crystallization of 4-fluoro-1-trifluoroacetoxy-1H-1λ(3)-benzo[d][1,2,3]iodoxoborol-3-ol from methanol resulted in the formation of a tetrameric macrocyclic structure 21 resulting from self-assembly of the initially formed 4-fluoro-1,3-dimethoxy-1H-1λ(3)-benzo[d][1,2,3]iodoxoborol. Structural parameters of the five-membered iodoxoborol ring, such as the planar geometry and the short B-O and O-I bonds lengths in 13, 17, and 18 compared to those in 21 and known benziodoxoles are indicative of partially aromatic character of this ring. Density functional theory (DFT) predicted NIST (0) and NIST (1) indexes for 1-chloro- and 1-trifluoroacetoxy substituted benziodoxaboroles, however, are indicative of significantly lower aromaticity compared to the classic aromatic systems.
<title>Holographic memory with speckle-wave volume hologram</title> (1998)

This paper deals with characteristics of volume hologram recorded and reconstructed with random amplitude-phase encoded reference wave. The speckle-encoded reference wave was proposed as the method to modify selective properties of the hologram. In particular, it is demonstrated that volume holograms recorded with this type of reference beam are taking new selective features, such as the sensitivity of the diffracted beam intensity to spatial mismatch between the hologram and reconstructing beam in transversal and longitudinal direction. Moreover, the conditions can be set, when the hologram's angular selectivity is not due to violation of the Bragg conditions, but is a result of spatial angular de-correlation between recorded and reconstructing structures. The analysis is made on the applicability of these features of volume hologram for high density information storage.
Redressing the Past: A Critical Legal Assessment of """"quota"""" allocations in post-apartheid South Africa under the Marine Living Resources Act 18 of 1998 in the hake deep-sea trawl and West Coast rock lobster near-shore sectors (2014)

The South African government faces numerous challenges in redistributing resources and ensuring access to those resources by historically disadvantaged individuals. This is particularly relevant in the fishing industry where people have been dependant on marine living resources, but under Apartheid, were restricted from accessing these resources. The manner and extent to which the South African government seeks to address the injustices of the past in fisheries allocations is an important indication of its commitment to transformation. Transformation of the fishing industry must be balanced against the South African government's commitment to promote historically disadvantaged individuals on the one hand, and sustainable development, the internal transformation of previously advantaged companies and the government's commitment under international human rights and environmental law instruments on the other. The South African government's Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism has published numerous White Papers and laws that recognise the government's role as custodian of natural resources and the need for the redistribution of resources especially to historically disadvantaged individuals. However, the manner in which legislation and policy is implemented and, more importantly, the way transformation is interpreted by the courts is an important indication of what levels of transformation would satisfy the courts that transformation was considered and given effect to. As stated above, this is important not only for the fishing industry sector but for the redistribution and transformation processes in other areas as well. Transformation requires a marked change. The process under the Marine Living Resources Act and the levels of transformation that it has achieved resembles a negotiated settlement, where the process in allocating fishing rights is relatively transparent, rather than change that is so significant that it may be considered as marked.
Changes in platelet-activating factor, catecholamine, and serotonin concentrations in brain, cerebrospinal fluid, and plasma of pichinde virus-infected guinea pigs. (1993)

Brain concentrations of platelet-activating factor (PAF), catecholamines, and serotonin were measured in control and Pichinde virus-infected strain 13 guinea pigs on postinoculation day (PID) 12. After virus inoculation, PAF concentrations increased 81% in cerebrum, 147% in diencephalon-brain stem, and 110% in cerebellum from baseline values of 2.6 +/- 0.3, 4.3 +/- 0.2, and 6.1 +/- 0.5 (ng/g wet tissue), respectively. Dopamine concentrations in the infected cerebrum and diencephalon-brain stem increased significantly, whereas norepinephrine concentration increased only in cerebrum. However, serotonin concentrations in all three regions of infected brain decreased significantly as compared with control values. There were no significant changes in epinephrine concentrations of infected brain. Norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid on PID 7 and 12 increased significantly as compared with control values, while plasma dopamine concentration increased significantly on PID 7. Increased brain PAF, dopamine, and and norepinephrine concentrations with decreased brain serotonin concentrations may mediate the hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and involve some unknown pathophysiologic processes of arenaviral infection. Furthermore, increased plasma catecholamine concentrations are associated with stress and may be partially responsible for the development of cardiovascular dysfunction and pulmonary edema during this viral disease.
Use of Bone Alkaline Phosphatase to Monitor Alendronate Therapy in Individual Postmenopausal Osteoporotic Women (1999)

The bone ALP assay is a sensitive and reliable tool that may be used to monitor the reduction in bone turnover after alendronate therapy in individual postmenopausal osteoporotic women.
Watershed Monitoring Using a Non Line of Sight Data Telemetry System (2007)

In collaboration with Clermont County, the U.S. EPA's Office of Research and Development is developing watershed-wide load and transport models to account for stream processes at the Experimental Stream Facility in Milford, Ohio. To better understand environmental stressors in stream flow and the structure and function of stream ecosystems, researchers are establishing continuous water quality monitoring stations along the Lower East Fork River and its tributaries. In conjunction with this effort, EPA and the University of Cincinnati are developing a non-line-of-sight digital datalink using a high frequency radio for telemetry of environmental data with a direct 50-mile range. Features of this design include real-time continuous monitoring of remote sensor measurements, all-weather 30MHz transmission (without repeaters), and solar-powered remote telemetry stations. Remote sensor data is transmitted to a central monitoring station from a network of water quality sensor sites for alarms, analysis, and archiving purposes. Small VHF transceivers can be integrated into the communications network for shorter distance data links where numerous sensors are necessary. Applications include watershed source monitoring, treatment facility data collection, and water storage quality validation.
Electrophysiological characterization of potent agonists and antagonists at pre‐ and postsynaptic GABA<sub>B</sub> receptors on neurones in rat brain slices (1990)

1. Intracellular recordings were made from neurons in striatum (caudate-putamen) and substantia nigra pars compacta in rat brain slices. Three GABAB agonists, baclofen, 3-aminopropylphosphinic acid (3-APPA) and 3-aminopropyl(methyl)phosphinic acid (SK&F 97541), depressed excitatory postsynaptic potentials (e.p.s.ps) mediated by glutamate in the striatum, and hyperpolarized neurones in the substantia nigra. The ability of 3-aminopropyl(diethyoxymethyl)phosphinic acid (CGP 35348), 3-aminopropyl (hexyl)phosphinic acid (3-APHPA) and phaclofen to antagonize these responses was assessed. 2. Striatal e.p.s.ps, studied in the presence of bicuculline (30 microns), were reduced in amplitude by 92% with 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX; 30 microns). These e.p.s.ps were depressed by up to 95% by SK&F 97541 and baclofen with EC50s of 0.092 microns and 1.25 microns respectively. The maximal effect of 3-APPA was 67% with an EC50 of 0.83 microns. Agonist concentration-effect data fitted a single-site logistic model. GABAB agonists were without effect on striatal neurone membrane potential, input resistance or depolarizations induced by applied glutamate. 3. The depression of striatal e.p.s.ps by SK&F 97541 was reversibly antagonized by CGP 35348, 3-APHPA and phaclofen with estimated equilibrium dissociation constants (KB) of 11.2 +/- 1.7 microns (n = 4), 13.3 +/- 0.4 microM (n = 3) and 405 +/- 43 microM (n = 3) respectively. CGP 35348 and 3-APHPA appeared to act competitively (Schild plot slopes of 0.99 and 1.01 respectively). 4. Nigral neurones were hyperpolarized by up to 25 mV by SK&F 97541 and baclofen with EC50s of 0.15 microns and 3.6 microns respectively. The maximum hyperpolarization by 3-APPA was only 84% that of the other agonists, with an EC50 of 9.0 microM. Agonist concentration-effect data fitted a single-site logistic model. 5. The SK&F 97541-induced hyperpolarization was reversibly antagonized by CGP 35348, 3-APHPA and phaclofen with estimated KBS of 17.6 + 4.4 (n = 3), 14.0 + 1.5 (n = 4), and >400 microM (n = 1) respectively. CGP 35348 appeared competitive (Schild plot slope of 0.99). Antagonists were also tested with baclofen as agonist, yielding similar KB estimates as for SK&F 97541. 6. It is concluded that at both the presynaptic and postsynaptic sites examined, SK&F 97541 was about 10 fold more potent than baclofen or 3-APPA. The antagonists CGP 35348 and 3-APHPA (KB 1O-20 microM) were about 20 fold more potent than phaclofen. The similarities in relative agonist potency and estimated antagonist affinity between these two functionally distinct GABAB receptors renders them pharmacologically indistinguishable at present.
(1<i>S</i>,2<i>R</i>,3<i>R</i>,6<i>R</i>,7<i>S</i>,8<i>R</i>,10<i>S</i>,11<i>S</i>)-13-{[4-(4-Chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl}-10-hydroxy-4,9-dimethyl-3,8,15-trioxatetracyclo[10.3.0.0<sup>2,4</sup>.0<sup>7,9</sup>]pentadecan-14-one (2012)

The title compound, C(25)H(33)ClN(2)O(5), was synthesized from 9α-hy-droxy-parthenolide (9α-hy-droxy-4,8-dimethyl-12-methyl-ene-3,14-dioxatricyclo-[9.3.0.0(2,4)]tetra-dec-7-en-13-one), which was isolated from the chloro-form extract of the aerial parts of Anvillea radiata. The mol-ecule is built up from fused five- and ten-membered rings with two additional ep-oxy ring systems and a chloro-phenyl-piperazine group as a substituent. The ten-membered ring adopts an approximate chair-chair conformation, while the piperazine ring displays a chair conformation and the five-membered ring shows an envelope conformation with the C atom closest to the hy-droxy group forming the flap. The mol-ecular conformation is stabilized by an intra-molecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bond between the hy-droxy group and a piperazine N atom. The crystal structure is stabilized by weak C-H⋯O inter-actions.
Surgical Management of Unilateral and Bilateral Coronal Craniosynostosis (1978)

From 1955 to 1975, 116 patients with unilateral and bilateral coronal synostosis, including 39 with craniofacial dysmorphism, were treated surgically. Five techniques were used: multiple linear craniectomies, linear craniectomies with supraorbital grafting, morcellation craniotomies, lateral canthal advancement of the supraorbital margin, and radical cranio-orbitofacial reconstruction. Analysis of clinical and radiological indices of the synostotic process, coupled with evaluation of the surgical results, indicates that the anterior skull base is the site of origin of the bony dysplasia. Therefore, early creation of artificial sutures in the skull base is recommended to provide adequate expansion of the frontal bones and consequently of the entire facial skeleton.