gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition by 3-Methylcholanthrene of Interferon Formation in Rat-Embryo Cells Infected With Sindbis Virus2 (1964)

3-Methylcholanthrene (3-MCA), at concentrations of either 1 or 0.1 μg per ml in rat-embryo cell cultures, did not affect cell growth. When complete monolayers were obtained, the cultures were inoculated with Sindbis virus. The yield of infectious virus in the carcinogen-treated cultures was in general somewhat higher than that of control cultures. Interferon yields, however, were markedly decreased, the effect being most pronounced in cultures containing 1 μg per ml of the carcinogen. The same concentrations of 3-MCA also did not influence the viral-inhibitory activity of preformed interferon. This indicated that the carcinogen inhibited the production but not the activity of interferon. Sindbis virus plaques in rat-embryo cell cultures were significantly larger if the cultures had previously been exposed for 24 hours to 1 and 0.1 μg per ml of 3-MCA. This result provided additional, though indirect, evidence for an inhibition of interferon synthesis.
HUMAN ORIENTATION IN PROLONGED WEIGHTLESSNESS (ISS HRF-E085) (2001)

This Human Research Facility (HRF) experiment focuses on how human spatial orientation mechanisms adapt during prolonged (3-6 month) exposure to weightlessness, and the time course of readaptation after return to earth. It will utilize the HRF Rack 2 Workstation as a science kiosk for the crew to study the role of visual, vestibular, and hap tic cues on spatial orientation. The removal of gravity alters the sensory integration process, as evidenced by the orientation illusions and motion sickness that have been reported in weightlessness, and the profound disorientation and malaise seen in some individuals after prolonged spaceflight. The five test procedures in the E085 experiment are designed to investigate the following questions: (1) How does the perception of orientation rely on static and dynamic visual cues, (2) Does the illusory self-motion change in microgravity due to changes in graviceptor stimulation, and (3) Does the spatial frame of reference used by the astronaut influence their ability to interpret ambiguous objects? In this paper, we will describe the design and development of the flight hardware, software and experiment protocols. Some relevant scientific background is also provided.
Dissimilar Biosynthesis of Interleukin4 by Different Areas of Synovial Membrane of Patients wiith Rheumatoid Arthitis and Osteoarthritis (1992)

In this study the IL-6 production was studied by synovial cells isolated from patients with either rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or osteoarthritis (OA). The kinetics of spontaneous IL-6 production differs in both groups. Furthermore, the induction of IL-6 by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in synovial cell cultures of RA is much more rapid than in those of OA patients. On the other hand, more PGE2 was detected in culture supernatants from synovial adherent cells of OA than in those of RA patients. We also compared the IL-6 production and the amount of IL-6 mRNA in fragments derived from the areas of synovial tissue showing macroscopic signs of intensive inflammation (area A), with those from relatively intact (area B) synovial sites. In synovial fragments, but not in isolated adherent cells at area A the in vitro IL-6 production starts earlier in RA than in OA. In the area A, significantly more CD14+, CD43+ and HLA-DR+ cells were detected than in the other compartment less involved in local inflammatory events.
Biodegradable Plastics made from Fermented Lactic Acid. (1997)

[in Japanese]
Relationship between Thermoelectric Properties and Formation of Microstructure, and Compressive Strength and Grain Size of Bi-Te Materials (1996)

Semiconducting ceramics of p- and n-type bismuth telluride fabricated from the milled powders of (Bi2Te3)0.25(Sb2Te3)0.75+Te 2.0mass% and (Bi2Te3)0.95(Bi2Se3)0.05+HgBr2 0.07mass% with low impurity oxygen having figures of merit were as large as 2.6×10-3K-1 (p-type) and 2.0×10-3K-1 (n-type) at 25°C, respectively, have been developed by hot press. The figure of merit showed a maximun when the grain size was 5 and 10μm because thermal conductivity apparently became the lowest possibly due to enhanced phonon scattering at grain boundaries. The compressive strength of p- and n-type obeyed Hall-Petch type which was directly proportional to (-1/2) the power of grain size, and showed 8.8 and 6.1MPa whose figure of merit was maximum, respectively.
The Development of a Lubricity Enhancing Controlled Release Diesel Fuel Filter (2003)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Low lubricity diesel fuels have long been problematic when used in fuel systems due to increased wear tendencies of these types of fuels<sup><span class="xref">1</span></sup>. It has been demonstrated that a variety of additives can dramatically increase lubricity for diesel fuels, even at low treatment rates. However these additives must be added consistently for fuel systems to see the benefits associated with enhanced lubricity fuels. That is not always possible in field applications when drivers and/or maintenance personnel are relied upon to dose systems with bottled additives. This paper will detail the development and testing of a solution to the problem of unreliable additive addition in the field, a fuel filter that consistently releases a lubricity enhancing additive into fuel systems. The filter will be shown to have consistent release and effective performance through a variety of laboratory and field evaluations that will be detailed in this paper.</div>
Vitamin D Receptor Activation in Liver Macrophages Ameliorates Hepatic Inflammation, Steatosis, and Insulin Resistance in Mice (2019)

Background and Aims Obesity‐induced chronic inflammation is a key component in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance. Increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by macrophages in metabolic tissues promotes disease progression. In the diet‐induced obesity (DIO) mouse model, activation of liver resident macrophages, or Kupffer cells (KCs), drives inflammatory responses, which recruits circulating macrophages and promotes fatty liver development, and ultimately contributes to impaired hepatic insulin sensitivity. Hepatic macrophages express the highest level of vitamin D receptors (VDRs) among nonparenchymal cells, whereas VDR expression is very low in hepatocytes. VDR activation exerts anti‐inflammatory effects in immune cells. Approach and Results Here we found that VDR activation exhibits strong anti‐inflammatory effects in mouse hepatic macrophages, including those isolated from DIO livers, and mice with genetic loss of Vdr developed spontaneous hepatic inflammation at 6 months of age. Under the chronic inflammation conditions of the DIO model, VDR activation by the vitamin D analog calcipotriol reduced liver inflammation and hepatic steatosis, significantly improving insulin sensitivity. The hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp revealed that VDR activation greatly increased the glucose infusion rate, while hepatic glucose production was remarkably decreased. Glucose uptake in muscle and adipose did not show similar effects, suggesting that improved hepatic insulin sensitivity is the primary contributor to the beneficial effects of VDR activation. Finally, specifically ablating liver macrophages by treatment with clodronate liposomes largely abolished the beneficial metabolic effects of calcipotriol, confirming that VDR activation in liver macrophages is required for the antidiabetic effect. Conclusions Activation of liver macrophage VDRs by vitamin D ligands ameliorates liver inflammation, steatosis and insulin resistance. Our results suggest therapeutic paradigms for treatment of NAFLD and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Effect of macrophages on the growth of syn- and xenogeneic tumors. (1981)

Human colorectal tumors transplanted in immune-suppressed mice (xenogeneic system) and metastasizing Lewis lung carcinoma (syngeneic system) were used to study the effect of macrophages on tumor progression. Carrageenan modifying the structure of macrophage cell coat and damaging the membrane of lysosomes led to severe disturbances in macrophage functions. The inhibition of macrophage activity by Carrageenan produced an enhancement in tumor take in both systems. In another set of experiments peritoneal macrophages were injected into tumor-bearing mice. In both systems the non-stimulated macrophages given i.v., produced a delay in tumor growth. These results indicated that the activity of macrophages influences markedly the tumor progression--even in hosts with damaged T cell population.
1H Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Normal Brain Tissue Response to Photodynamic Therapy (1991)

1H Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to study the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on normal rat brain (n = 5) using T1-, T2-, diffusion-, and proton density (p)-weightcd images. Rats received intraperitoneal injections of 12.5 mg/kg of Photofrin II, and 48 hours later the dural area over the frontal cortex was treated with 35 J/cm2 of light (632 ± 1 nm). The T1 -, T2-, and diffusion-weighted images revealed an evolving high contrast region of brain that corresponded to the PDT-treated area. Lesioned brain exhibited significant increases in Tl and T2 relaxation times at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 3 days (Tl. P = 0.018: T2, P < 0.01) after treatment, compared with the contralateral equivalent volume of nonlesioned brain. Water proton diffusion coefficient (Dw) in the lesioned area decreased at 1 day (P = 0.026) and increased at 3 days (P = 0.012) compared with nonlesioned brain. An increase in the proton density ratio (pD/po) from PDT (pD) versus nonlesioned side (po) was found 3 days after PDT treatment (P = 0.03). The data indicate that the biophysical parameters obtained from magnetic resonance imaging scans. Tl, T2, Dw, and proton density, can be used to monitor changes in an evolving photochemically induced lesion. (Neurosurgery 29:538-543, 1991)
Spectra of third-order optical nonlinear susceptibilities of epitaxial chloro-indium-phthalocyanines (1995)

We have measured the third harmonic generation spectra of epitaxial chloro-indium phthalocyanine (ClInPc) thin films. The χ(3) spectrum in the wavelength range of 970–1650 nm reveals resonance features of ClInPc. Theoretical analysis of the third-order nonlinear optical channels in phthalocyanine allows the assignment of the observed resonances to three- and two-photon resonances of χ(3).
Water Stress and Protein Synthesis (1976)

Responses of the drought-tolerant moss, Tortula ruralis, to steady state water stress have been studied. A decrease in fresh weight, an inhibition of amino acid incorporation into protein, and a decline in polysome population occur with increasing degree of water stress. Cyclohexirnide treatment prevents the stress-induced loss of polysomes. Ribonuclease activity increases during stress and this increase is partially prevented by cycloheximide. There is a lack of correlation between ribonuclease activity and polysome levels. During stress, the decrease in polysome level and the increase in ribonuclease activity do not coincide in time, the former occurring earlier. Furthermore, ribosomes from the stressed moss do not appear to be complexed with mRNA fragments, as indicated by their inability to effect the formation of a peptide bond. It is concluded that the primary cause of polysome loss during water stress is the run-off of ribosomes from mRNA coupled with their failure to reinitiate.
Prioritization of HCV treatment in the direct-acting antiviral era: An economic evaluation (2016)

Treating PWID with moderate or mild HCV with IFN-free DAAs is cost-effective compared to delay until cirrhosis, except when chronic HCV prevalence and reinfection risk is very high.
Effect of pregnancy on gingival inflammation in systemically healthy women: a systematic review (2012)

Despite the limited number of studies included in the meta-analyses, the present systematic review confirms the existence of a significant increase in GI throughout pregnancy and between pregnant versus post-partum or non-pregnant women, without a concomitant increase in plaque levels.
Effect of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (7-36 Amide) on Insulin-Mediated Glucose Uptake in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes (2003)

GLP-1 does not augment insulin-mediated glucose uptake in lean type 1 diabetic patients.
Electrical Properties of Quaternary Pyrochlore Ruthenates for Thick-Film Resistors (2008)

Bi2-xLnxRu2O7 (Ln = Sm, Dy) have been synthesized and characterized by using X-ray diffraction, electrical resistivity measurements, and thermal expansion coefficient measurements. The lack of bismuth and oxygen site occupancy was observed in the composition Bi2Ru2O7 by using Rietveld refinement. In the lanthanoid-rich, a change from metallic to semi-conducting behavior was observed at 0.8 < × < 1.0 and 0.6 < × < 0.8 in Bi2-xSmxRu2O7 and Bi2-xDyxRu2O7, respectively. The good average linear thermal expansion coefficient (α1) 1.2 × 10−5 /K in the temperature range between 300 and 1100K was obtained by substituting lanthanoid, in the composition Bi1.8Sm0.2Ru2O7 and Bi1.8Dy0.2Ru2O7. It was superior to the value α1 = 3.2 × 10−5 /K of Bi2Ru2O7.
Mapping by Sequencing the Pneumocystis Genome Using the Ordering DNA Sequences V3 Tool (2003)

A bioinformatics tool called ODS3 has been created for mapping by sequencing. The tool allows the creation of integrated genomic maps from genetic, physical mapping, and sequencing data and permits an integrated genome map to be stored, retrieved, viewed, and queried in a stand-alone capacity, in a client/server relationship with the Fungal Genome Database (FGDB), and as a web-browsing tool for the FGDB. In that ODS3 is programmed in Java, the tool promotes platform independence and supports export of integrated genome-mapping data in the extensible markup language (XML) for data interchange with other genome information systems. The tool ODS3 is used to create an initial integrated genome map of the AIDS-related fungal pathogen, Pneumocystis carinii. Contig dynamics would indicate that this physical map is approximately 50% complete with approximately 200 contigs. A total of 10 putative multigene families were found. Two of these putative families were previously characterized in P. carinii, namely the major surface glycoproteins (MSGs) and HSP70 proteins; three of these putative families (not previously characterized in P. carinii) were found to be similar to families encoding the HSP60 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the heat-shock psi protein in S. pombe, and the RNA synthetase family (i.e., MES1) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Physical mapping data are consistent with the 16S, 5.8S, and 26S rDNA genes being single copy in P. carinii. No other fungus outside this genus is known to have the rDNA genes in single copy.
Angiotensin Receptor Subtypes and their Pharmacology (1995)

Angiotensin II (Ang II) is the principal mediator of the Renin-Angiotensin System, but other peptides may have a role, including Ang IV and Ang 1–7. Our understanding of Ang II receptor heterogeneity has been facilitated by the discovery of nonpeptide receptor antagonists and the cloning of Ang II receptor subtypes. Losartan-sensitivity defines AT, and PD123319 (and CGP42112)-sensitivity defines AT2 receptor subtypes. AT, receptors predominate in most mammalian tissues and subserve the well-known effects of Ang II. The AT2 receptors are abundant in fetal tissue, nonpregnant myometrium, discrete parts of brain, adrenal cortex and medulla, and kidney. The functional significance of the AT2 receptor is largely unknown, but may involve ion channels, “growth”, and cerebral autoregulation. Tremendous strides have been made in understanding the structure, function, and diversity of Ang II receptors. These studies will continue to be facilitated by the advent of new receptor antagonists. Additional research is needed, however, to clarify the role of the mammalian AT2 site and the role of Ang 1–7 and Ang IV.
Nitric oxide inhibits viral replication in murine myocarditis. (1996)

Nitric oxide (NO) is a radical molecule that not only serves as a vasodilator and neurotransmitter but also acts as a cytotoxic effector molecule of the immune system. The inducible enzyme making NO, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), is transcriptionally activated by IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, cytokines which are produced during viral infection. We show that iNOS is induced in mice infected with the Coxsackie B3 virus. Macrophages expressing iNOS are identified in the hearts and spleens of infected animals with an antibody raised against iNOS. Infected mice have increased titers of virus and a higher mortality when fed NOS inhibitors. Thus, viral infection induces iNOS in vivo, and NO inhibits viral replication. NO is a novel, nonspecific immune defense against viruses in vivo.
Bras exosquelette haptique: conception et contrôle (2010)

Ce projet s’inscrit dans l’effort developpe par l’Agence Spatiale Europeenne (ESA)pour robotiser les activites extravehiculaires a bord de la Station Spatiale Internationale et lors des futures missions d’exploration planetaire. Un aspect important de ces projets concerne le retour de force et la capacite, pour la personne qui commande les mouvements du robot, a ressentir les efforts qui lui sont appliques. Le but est d’ameliorer la qualite et l’immersion de la teleoperation.L’objectif de cette these est la conception d’une interface haptique de type exosquelette pour le bras, pour ces missions de teleoperation a retour de force. Ce systeme doit permettre une commande intuitive du robot teleopere tout en reproduisantle plus fidelement possible les efforts. Les chapitres 2 et 3 presentent les etudes realisees sur un banc de test a 1 degre de liberte, destinees a comprendre le controle haptique ainsi qu’a evaluer differentes technologies d’actionnements et de capteurs. Les principales methodes de controle sont decrites theoriquement et comparees en pratique sur le banc de test. Leschapitres 4 et 5 decrivent le developpement de l’exosquelette SAM destine aux futures applications de teleoperation spatiale. La conception cinematique, le choix des actionneurs et des capteurs sont decrits. Differentes methodes de controle sont egalement comparees avec des experiences de realite virtuelle (sans robot esclave) et de teleoperation. Pour finir, le chapitre 6 presente le projet EXOSTATION, un demonstrateur de teleoperation haptique spatiale, dans lequel SAM est utilise comme interface maitre.
Diastereoselective addition of carbon electrophiles to styrylsilanes: the dimerization of .beta.-(E)-(halosilyl)styrenes (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiastereoselective addition of carbon electrophiles to styrylsilanes: the dimerization of .beta.-(E)-(halosilyl)styrenesMichael A. Brook, Thomas Sebastian, Ralf Jueschke, and Carol DallaireCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 7, 2273–2274Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00007a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views102Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (254 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
COPOLYMERIZATION OF ACRYLONITRILE AND ETHYLENE UNDER THE EFFECT OF GAMMA RADIATION (1961)

The Co/sup 60/ gamma -ray-induced copolymerization of ethylene and acrylonitrile (AN) in toluene at 20 deg was investigated. Test results showed that the rate of the process and the mean molecular weights of the polymers increased with increasing acrylonitrile content. The copolymers were enriched in acrylonitrile for all monomer ratios. The monomer reactivity ratios calculated from the copolymer compositions were r/sub 1(AN)/ = 7 and r/sub 2/ approx equal 0. (OID)
Stereochemical Studies. XXI. Studies on α-Alkyl-α-amino Acids. XV. Application of Thermal Isocyanide-Cyanide Rearrangement to <I>R-S</I> Conversion of α-Methylphenylalanine (1973)

R-S Conversion of R (+)-α-methylphenylalanine (R (+)-V), one of the typical α-alkyloc-amino acids, was accomplished with 75.6% retention of its optical integrity, since the R (+)-isocyanide (R (+)-X) easily derived from R (+)-V afforded the S (+)-cyanide (S (+)-XI) with 75.6% retention of configuration when a diphenyl ether solution of R (+)-X was heated at 280°.Preliminary experiments using racemic compounds were also reported in experimental part.
2,3,4,5-Tetraphenyliodolium ion and an isomer (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2,3,4,5-Tetraphenyliodolium ion and an isomerVernon R. Sandel, Gary R. Buske, Stephen G. Maroldo, Dallas K. Bates, David Whitman, and George SypniewskiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 20, 4069–4072Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00333a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00333a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views116Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
5. Analytical methods: physiochemical assays. Use of ion exchange chromatography in steroid analysis. (1983)

Ion exchange chromatography (IXC) has been utilized in many different ways in the field of steroid analysis already for more than thirty years. Steroid conjugates can be extracted and fractionated on anion exchangers by virtue of their anionic nature, and in the same way the weakly acidic phenolic steroids are separated from the neutral ones. Anionic and cationic contaminants are removed by IXC during purification of the samples, and further, the use of lipophilic ion exchangers allow the simultaneous reversed phase chromatographic elimination of neutral lipids. Finally, certain steroids with specific functional groups can be selectively fractionated by ion exchangers converted to a suitable form. The high capacity and flexibility of IXC has made it a technique of choice in the purification of biological samples for the multicomponent analysis of steroids by GC or GC-MS during the last decade.