gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Open Source Software: All You Do Is Put It Together (2007)

As of 1 August 2007, SourceForge.net hosted more than 150,000 registered open source software projects, and many more projects are available on other sites. With so many OSS choices, it might seem that building a new application is only a matter of finding the appropriate projects and putting them together. We've developed the adaptable multi-interface communicator infrastructure to support rapid prototyping from OSS components. AMICO is based on existing middleware platforms for component integration, but it focuses on pragmatic aspects of OSS integration often absent from existing integration platforms. AMICO satisfies requirements based on our experiences in solving practical problems in several projects. AMICO OSS is based on a publish-subscribe infrastructure for integrating loosely coupled services. In such infrastructures, a publisher updates a shared data repository. The loosely coupled approach can be highly adaptable when using simple data structures, because new applications can use existing data in the model and add their own without breaking the infrastructure. Components communicate by exchanging events through a shared data repository consisting of named slots called variables. Components can update the variables and register for notifications about variable changes. Modules can also derive new variables by processing existing ones.
Differential effects of a new central adrenergic agonist--modafinil--and D-amphetamine on sleep and early morning behaviour in young healthy volunteers. (1989)

Modafinil (CRL 40476) is a recently developed central alpha adrenergic agonist with vigilance-promoting properties. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled sleep laboratory study, its single-dose effects on objectively and subjectively evaluated sleep, morning awakening, and early morning behaviour were investigated and compared with amphetamine. Ten young healthy volunteers of both sexes spent 12 nights in the sleep laboratory: one adaptation night, one baseline night, five drug nights (100 mg and 200 mg modafinil; 10 mg and 20 mg d-amphetamine; placebo) and five subsequent washout nights. The drugs were administered in one week intervals according to a Latin square design. Somnopolygraphic investigations were performed between 22h30 and 06h00. Subjects received the drug orally half an hour before bedtime. A self-rating scale for sleep and awakening quality and early morning behavior was completed subsequent to the morning toilet. Thereafter, noopsychic and thymopsychic variables were evaluated utilizing a psychometric test-battery. Statistical analyses of objective sleep variables demonstrated that modafinil causes no significant changes as compared to a placebo. Sleep initiation remained unchanged after all of the drugs, while sleep maintenance was impaired dose-dependently after d-amphetamine. Thus, total sleep time and sleep efficiency decreased significantly after 20 mg d-amphetamine as compared to the placebo and modafinil. In regard to sleep architecture a reduction of sleep stage 2 and rapid eye movement-sleep occurred under d-amphetamine while modafinil did not exhibit such an effect. Subjective sleep quality was significantly better after modafinil than after the reference compound. Subjective awakening quality and well-being in the morning did not show any significant findings. Furthermore, no differences were observed between the placebo and the other drugs concerning objective awakening quality (evaluated by psychometric tests). Critical flicker frequency increased significantly after 20 mg d-amphetamine as compared to the placebo. Pulse rate and evening and morning blood pressure remained unchanged. These data stress the necessity to differentiate between "vigility-increasing" properties of amphetamine and "vigilance-promoting" properties of modafinil.
On-chip Integration Of High-voltage Generator Circuits For An Electrostatic Micromotor (2005)

This paper presents a high-voltage generator circuit as power supply for an electrostatic micromotor with process integration based on a standard 2/spl mu/m CMOS technology. This voltage multiplier circuit utilizes n-type wells in a standard 2/spl mu/m CMOS process as a vital innovation to achieve electrically isolated and floated diodes. This design secures a high-voltage output limited only by the breakdown voltage of n-well to p-substrate pn junctions. For the process we used, the power supply can provide /spl equiv/50V output by inputting 5V dc power and two non-overlapping 0/5V clock signals.
Synaptic potentials evoked in cat dorsal spinocerebellar tract neurones by impulses in single group I muscle afferents. (1989)

1. Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) evoked by impulses in single group I muscle afferents were recorded intracellularly in dorsal spinocerebellar tract (DSCT) neurones in the spinal cords of anaesthetized cats. 2. In the same experiments, electrotonic membrane properties of DSCT neurones were measured using the voltage response of each cell to a brief intracellular current pulse. 3. Single group I fibre EPSPs were found to exhibit a large range of amplitudes, from 210 microV to 3.4 mV. All of these EPSPs exhibited uniformly rapid rise times, in contrast to the wide range of time courses exhibited by group I a EPSPs recorded in motoneurones. 4. Electrotonic analysis of DSCT neurones indicated that the time constants of these cells ranged from 5.9 to 18.2 ms, with an average value of 10.9 ms. 5. Current pulse responses of the majority (approximately three-quarters) of DSCT neurones were well described by a simple cable model. Equivalent dendritic cable lengths were calculated for DSCT neurones and found to have an average value of 1.0 space constants, which is considerably less than that calculated for motoneurones. 6. Application of the simple cable model of DSCT neurones demonstrated that the rapid rise-times of single group I EPSPs can be explained by a substantial somatic input to these cells. However, in addition to this strong somatic component, there may also be a contribution from dendritic synapses which prolong the initial decay phase of these EPSPs. The final decay of single fibre EPSPs in DSCT neurones is explained simply by the passive membrane time constant of these cells.
Preparation of cDNA Libraries and Isolation and Analysis of Specific Clones (2003)

The development of molecular cloning techniques over the past two decades has generated a powerful arsenal of tools for the study of gene structure and function. It is now possible to synthesize complementary DNA (cDNA) copies of mRNAs from virtually any source and to propagate these cDNAs in vitro in the form of a cDNA library. Initially, cDNA libraries were designed specifically to generate probes for the identification of genomic DNA clones However, the discovery that eukaryotic genes are often composed of coding regions interrupted by introns made it clear that the study of gene expression must include direct analysis of mRNAs and their corresponding cDNAs. Comparison of individual cDNAs to their parent genes and to related cDNAs has since revealed novel mechanisms for the processing of genetic information and has helped to define the primary genetic defects responsible for many disease states.
Distributed optical fiber dynamic magnetic field sensor based on magnetostriction (2014)

A distributed optical fiber sensor is introduced which is capable of quantifying multiple magnetic fields along a 1 km sensing fiber with a spatial resolution of 1 m. The operation of the proposed sensor is based on measuring the magnetorestrictive induced strain of a nickel wire attached to an optical fiber. The strain coupled to the optical fiber was detected by measuring the strain-induced phase variation between the backscattered Rayleigh light from two segments of the sensing fiber. A magnetic field intensity resolution of 0.3 G over a bandwidth of 50-5000 Hz was demonstrated.
Evaluation in rural practice of a rapid group B streptococcus screening test. (1990)

Group B streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of infant mortality from infection. A rapid screening immunoassay for GBS was evaluated in a rural obstetrical population and was found to have an unacceptably low specificity (90%) and sensitivity (50%). With a culture proven GBS colonization rate of 6.8%, the positive predictive value of the rapid screening test was only 27%, and the negative predictive value was 96%. Current recommendations for routine vaginal cultures, on all women based on urban research data with high maternal colonization rates (15%-23%) and high prematurity rates (15%-40%) are reviewed in relation to this community's low colonization and prematurity rates.
Natural toxins and protective factors in brassica species, including rapeseed (1995)

Many plant secondary metabolites exhibit a wide range of dose-related physiological properties when included in the diet of animals and man. Within the brassica family, the glucosinolates, a group of sulphur-containing glucosides have been the subject of a vast amount of study and the effects of dietary inclusion of such compounds or their metabolites on the health of animals and man are briefly reviewed. Although excessive amounts of glucosinolates in animal feed formulations may reduce growth and performance as well as affecting thyroid, liver, and kidney function, there is little evidence of such effects in man. On the contrary, compounds derived from glucosinolates as a consequence of enzymic breakdown or metabolism have been shown to activate mechanisms which moderate or reverse carcinogenic processes. Such effects may contribute to the net anti-carcinogenic benefit attributed to these vegetables in numerous epidemiological studies.
Regulation of IL-17 in autoimmune diseases by transcriptional factors and microRNAs (2015)

In recent years, IL-17A (IL-17), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, has received intense attention of researchers and clinicians alike with documented effects in inflammation and autoimmune diseases. IL-17 mobilizes, recruits and activates different cells to increase inflammation. Although protective in infections, overproduction of IL-17 promotes inflammation in autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, among others. Regulating IL-17 levels or action by using IL-17-blocking antibodies or IL-17R antagonist has shown to attenuate experimental autoimmune diseases. It is now known that in addition to IL-17-specific transcription factor, RORγt, several other transcription factors and select microRNAs (miRNA) regulate IL-17. Given that miRNAs are dysregulated in autoimmune diseases, a better understanding of transcriptional factors and miRNA regulation of IL-17 expression and function will be essential for devising potential new therapies. In this review, we will overview IL-17 induction and function in relation to autoimmune diseases. In addition, current findings on transcriptional regulation of IL-17 induction and plausible interplay between IL-17 and miRNA in autoimmune diseases are highlighted.
Monitoring Recovery of Cognitive Function Following Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (2001)

Abstract We report on the development of a new assessment tool to monitor recovery after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although a number of scales exist to identify such recovery, most are limited if one is interested in monitoring small changes or in setting goals for rehabilitation. This is due to the fact that items are too broad, they may cross more than one dimension (e.g. cognition and motor functioning) and there is a danger that recording of responses may be too subjective. The Wessex Head Injury Matrix (WHIM) was developed to avoid these problems. We observed 88 people with severe TBI. These were consecutive admissions to two hospitals. Mean coma duration was 14 days and mean duration of post traumatic amnesia (PTA) was 56 days. Of 145 behaviours observed, we selected 62 and each behaviour was compared to every other behaviour to determine a likely order of recovery. The resulting WHIM is an observational tool to assess and monitor cognitive recovery after severe head injury. It can be used with patients who are in coma, just out of coma or who are minimally conscious. Two case examples are provided.
Syllable detection in read and spontaneous speech (2002)

Automatic syllable detection is an important task when analysing very large speech corpora in order to answer questions concerning prosody, rhythm, speech rate, speech recognition and synthesis. A new method for automatic detection of syllable nuclei is presented. Two large spoken language corpora (PhonDatII, Verbmobil) were labelled by three phoneticians and then used to adjust the key parameters of the algorithm and to evaluate its error rate. Additionally, parts of the corpora were used to test the inter- and intra-individual consistency of the transcribers. The evaluation of the algorithm currently shows an error rate of 12.87% for read speech and 21.03% for spontaneous speech. The inter-individual consistency of 95.8% might be considered as an upper limit for any automatic detection method.
Some asymptotically optimal burst-correcting codes and their relation to single-error-correcting Reed-Solomon codes (1971)

A class of asymptotically optimal burst-correcting codes that are closely related to the Fire codes is defined. The codes are quasi-cyclic as defined by Townsend and Weldon. However, decoding can be accomplished with a very simple algorithm similar to that used for cyclic burst-correcting codes. It is shown that these codes are equivalent to certain Reed-Solomon codes. From this it follows that such Reed-Solomon codes can be easily encoded and decoded without any computations in an extension field.
On a spatial smoothing technique for multiple source location (1987)

This correspondence presents an alternate proof for the spatial smoothing technique recently proposed for multiple source location. Specifically, it is proved that the number of subarrays required to ensure a nonsingular covariance matrix is m + 1 where m is the nullity of the source covariance matrix. Also, it is shown that this number can be reduced if a specific basis can be found for the null eigenspace of the covariance matrix satisfying certain properties.
Fluorinated alkoxides. Part XII. Studies on potentially tridentate fluorinated diols; zwitterionic and five-coordinate complexes of Ni<sup>2+</sup> and Cu<sup>2+</sup> (1978)

The complexing ability towards Ni 2+ and Cu 2+ of the potentially tridentate ligands HOC(CF 3 ) 2 CH 2 C(O)CH 2 C(CF 3 ) 2 OH, HOC(CF 3 ) 2 CH 2 CH(OH)CH 2 C(CF 3 ) 2 OH, and HOC(CF 3 ) 2 CH 2 CH 2 N:C(CH 3 )CH 2 C(CF 3 ) 2 OH has been studied. The first two act as bidentate ligands, uninegative or dinegative according to the extent of ionization of the fluorinated alcohol groups; when both were ionized, the complexes had a zwitterionic structure. The third ligand was exclusively tridentate in its complexes; this difference is ascribed to its greater flexibility. Both four- and five-coordinate complexes of nickel were observed, the latter being produced either by choice of co-ligands or by solvation, but no six-coordinate complex was formed in this series. Limitations on coordination for the metal are ascribed to steric effects.
The impact of Manuka honey dressings on the surface pH of chronic wounds (2008)

Chronic non healing wounds have an elevated alkaline environment. The acidic pH of Manuka honey makes it a potential treatment for lowering wound pH, but the duration of effect is unknown. Lowering wound pH can potentially reduce protease activity, increase fibroblast activity and increase oxygen release consequently aiding wound healing. The aim of this study was to analyse the changes in surface pH and size of non healing ulcers following application of Manuka honey dressing after 2 weeks. The study was an open label, non randomised prospective study. Patients presenting consecutively with non healing chronic superficial ulcers, determined by aetiology and no reduction in wound size in previous 3 weeks. Single pH measurements recorded using Blueline 27 glass surface electrode and R 315 pH meter set (Reagecon/Alkem, Co. Clare Ireland). Area determined using Visitrak (Smith & Nephew, Mull, UK) digital planimetry. Apinate (Manuka honey) (Comvita, Slough, UK) applied to wounds for 2 weeks after which wounds re-evaluated. Eight males and nine females with 20 ulcers (3 bilateral) were included: venous, 50% (n = 10); mixed aetiology, 35% (n = 7); arterial, 10% (n = 2) and pressure ulcer, 5% (n = 1). Reduction in wound pH after 2 weeks was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Wounds with pH >or= 8.0 did not decrease in size and wounds with pH <or= 7.6 had a 30% decrease in size. A reduction in 0.1 pH unit was associated with an 8.1% reduction in wound size (P < 0.012). The use of Manuka honey dressings was associated with a statistically significant decrease in wound pH and a reduction in wound size. Elevated pH readings at the start were associated with minimal reduction in size. Surface wound pH measurements may contribute to objective wound assessments, but further research is necessary to determine its exact contribution.
Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) (1990)

Single-photon emission computed tomography has received increasing attention as radiopharmaceuticals that reflect perfusion, metabolism, and receptor and cellular function have become widely available. Perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography of the brain provides functional information useful for the diagnosis and management of stroke, dementia, and epilepsy. Single-photon emission computed tomography has been applied to myocardial, skeletal, hepatic, and tumor scintigraphy, resulting in increased diagnostic accuracy over planar imaging because background activity and overlapping tissues interfere far less with activity from the target structure when tomographic techniques are used. Single-photon emission computed tomography is substantially less expensive and far more accessible than positron emission tomography and will become an increasingly attractive alternative for transferring the positron emission tomography technology to routine clinical use. In addition, single-photon emission computed tomography has unique applications that are increasingly finding their way into the routine practice of clinical nuclear medicine.
Management of urinary tract infections in children: simplifying the controversies? (2003)

The management of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children has confused urologists for decades. The controversy regarding whom to investigate, how to investigate, and how to treat has embroiled pediatric urologists in what seems to be an endless debate. The general urologist, who also covers pediatric urology, is left out of the loop and has to make decisions about these questions on a daily basis. Guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend obtaining a voiding cystourethrogram and a renal ultrasonogram for young children after the first UTI; however, many practicing urologists do not consistently perform these tests or use other methods to determine the integrity of the urinary tract. This is because many feel that the results of the tests do not influence the management plan they adopt. Similarly, once the UTI has occurred, the optimal duration of oral antibiotic therapy for UTI in children has never been determined to every urologist’s satisfaction.
Pressure effects on the interactions of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium transport enzyme with calcium and para-nitrophenyl phosphate. (1987)

The effect of hydrostatic pressure on calcium dependent p-nitrophenyl phosphate hydrolysis of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium transport enzyme has been investigated at different degree of enzyme saturation by calcium and Mg-p-nitrophenyl phosphate to distinguish between activation and binding volumes. The enzyme saturated by both ligands displays a significant dependence of the activation volume on pressure, rising from 20 ml/mol at atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa) to 80 ml/mol at 100 MPa. At subsaturating concentration of Mg-p-nitrophenyl phosphate an activation volume of 35 ml/mol prevails between 0.1 and 40 MPa. At subsaturating concentration of calcium the activation volume approximates 80 ml/mol in the same pressure range. The binding volume for both substrates is likewise pressure dependent falling from 20 ml/mol to 0 ml/mol for Mg-p-nitrophenyl phosphate and rising from 67 ml/mol to 155 ml/mol for calcium. The pressure dependence of activation and binding volumes is analysed on account of a simplified reaction scheme yielding activation volumes and rate constants for individual reaction steps.
PREP-CHEM-SRC – 1.0: a preprocessor of trace gas and aerosol emission fields for regional and global atmospheric chemistry models (2011)

Abstract. The preprocessor PREP-CHEM-SRC presented in the paper is a comprehensive tool aiming at preparing emission fields of trace gases and aerosols for use in atmospheric-chemistry transport models. The considered emissions are from the most recent databases of urban/industrial, biogenic, biomass burning, volcanic, biofuel use and burning from agricultural waste sources. For biomass burning, emissions can be also estimated directly from satellite fire detections using a fire emission model included in the tool. The preprocessor provides emission fields interpolated onto the transport model grid. Several map projections can be chosen. The inclusion of these emissions in transport models is also presented. The preprocessor is coded using Fortran90 and C and is driven by a namelist allowing the user to choose the type of emissions and the databases.
Nutrient economy of red pine is affected by interactions between <i>Pisolithus tinctorius</i> and other forest‐floor microbes (2001)

Summary The influence of interactions between the mycorrhizal fungus, Pisolithus tinctorius , and saprotrophic organisms on nutrient transfer to host red pine ( Pinus resinosa ) seedlings is presented here. Red pine seedlings were grown axenically, and with P. tinctorius and forest‐floor microbes (both individually and in combination), in two experiments varying in nitrogen availability. Root and shoot growth, as well as tissue nitrogen and phosphorus content, were analyzed after harvesting. At low nitrogen availability, forest‐floor microbes, but not P. tinctorius , significantly reduced seedling nitrogen content. Moreover, P. tinctorius did not ameliorate this negative effect. However, seedling phosphorus content increased with forest‐floor microbes and P. tinctorius individually, and these combined to give an additive effect. Forest‐floor microbes and P. tinctorius , individually, significantly increased seedling nitrogen and phosphorus contents at high nitrogen availability, interacting to give additive and synergistic effects on nitrogen and phosphorus content, respectively. The effect of ectomycorrhizal fungi on host‐plant nutrition might depend strongly on the nutrient status of coexisting saprotrophic soil microbes. When nutrients are not limiting, their beneficial effects on host nutrition may be additive or synergistic.
An adaptive threshold based scheduling policy for ATM networks (2002)

Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) has been adopted as a world-wide standard for the broadband integrated services digital network (B-ISDN). ATM enables a single high-performance network to carry a variety of traffic (e.g., data, video and voice) in an integrated manner. The different types of traffic usually have different and sometimes conflicting quality of service (QOS) requirements, all of which should be met by the underlying network at the same time. In this paper, we propose and evaluate the performance of a threshold policy for scheduling traffic in an ATM switch. The results suggest that by an appropriate choice of the threshold values, the policy can meet the quality of service requirements of the different traffic classes even at very high utilizations. To accommodate varying load conditions, an adaptive version of the policy, that dynamically adjusts the threshold values, is also described and evaluated.