gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Receiver Imperfections on the Performance of Direct-Detection Optical (2003)

~~ ~1. ~ ~~~~~~ We analyze the effects of key receiver impair- ments an the performance of DPSK, such as the responsivity imbalance between the two arms of the receiver balanced photodetector and the detuning of the asymmemc Mach-Zehnder inter- ferometer.
A novel strategy for the generation of T cell lines lacking expression of endogenous alpha- and/or beta-chain T cell receptor genes (1991)

Mutant T cell lines that do not express the endogenous alpha- and/or beta-chain genes of the TCR were generated from the alpha beta TCR/CD3+ tumor cell line C6VL with a combination of classical mutagenesis methods and selection of somatic hybrid variants. This novel strategy obviated the need for repeated mutagenesis and screening of a large number of individual clones. The loss of either the alpha- or the beta-chain expression in the mutant cells was associated with the loss of surface TCR/CD3 complex, which could be rescued by the transfection of appropriate exogenous alpha- and/or beta-chain gene constructs. Because these cells express a single TCR molecule on the cell surface, they are useful for the study of the assembly and function of the alpha beta TCR. This strategy is also generally applicable for the generation of homozygous mutant cell lines lacking other gene products.
Electron impact excitation of the electronic states of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">N</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>. III. Transitions in the 12.5-14.2-eV energy-loss region at incident energies of 40 and 60 eV (1977)

Normalized absolute differential and integral cross sections for electron-impact excitation of five optically-allowed singlet states, two known triplet states, and two unknown triplet-like states of ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$, lying in the energy-loss range 12.5-14.2 eV, have been determined by analysis of electron energy-loss data at incident electron energies of 40 and 60 eV. The range of scattering angles considered in this work was 5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 138\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. The optically allowed transitions are to the $b^{1}\ensuremath{\Pi}_{u}$, $c^{1}\ensuremath{\Pi}_{u}$, ${c}^{\ensuremath{'}}{^{1}\ensuremath{\Sigma}_{u}}^{+}$, $o^{1}\ensuremath{\Pi}_{u}$, and ${b}^{\ensuremath{'}}{^{1}\ensuremath{\Sigma}_{u}}^{+}$, states and the known triplet excitations are to the $F^{3}\ensuremath{\Pi}_{u}$ and $G^{3}\ensuremath{\Pi}_{u}$ states. Cross sections for excitation to two unidentified triplet-like states at 13.155 and 13.395 eV were also obtained from the data analysis. The relationship of the generalized oscillator strength for the dipole-allowed states obtained from the present measurements to known optical oscillator strengths is discussed.
Strong Turbulence Theory of Nonlinear Stabilization and Harmonic Generation (1971)

A nonlinear dispersion relation for dispersionless waves in a one-dimensional plasma is obtained by examining the statistical properties of particle orbits in a random potential. New techniques are developed to deal with trapped particles. It is shown that a linearly unstable plasma stabilizes when the trapping frequency is equal to the growth rate. Also, the density fluctuations set up by the trapped particles are shown to have a power-law dependence in wavenumber. The theory is able to explain many observations in recent beam-plasma experiments.
Polarisation-channel-interleaved carrier-suppressed RZ ETDM/DWDM transmission at 40 Gbit/s with 0.8 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency (2002)

We report experimental results of 8/spl times/40 Gbit/s polarization-channel-interleaved carrier-suppressed RZ transmission over 2/spl times/160 km NDSF, with 0.8 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency. Average system linear Q of 6.5 (2/sup 31/-1 PRBS) and tolerance of at least 50% degradation in orthogonality were demonstrated.
SU‐GG‐T‐443: Benchmarking MCNPX for Carbon Ion Beams (2010)

Purpose : To investigate the accuracy of carbon ion beam dose deposition simulated with the MCNPX Monte Carlo code. Method and Materials : The capability for heavy ion transport was added to the MCNPX code beginning in v2.6, but to date there has been no benchmarking for use in radiotherapy applications. We have simulated the interactions of 12 C 6+ ions in the energy range 130 – 430MeV/u using three versions of MCNPX, the 2.7b and 2.7c released versions, and a modified 2.7b_m version. The phantom consisted of a cubic PMMA container, 1.6mm thick, filled with water. The depth dose data obtained were normalized to their respective entrance doses and were compared to published experimental data. Results : We have evaluated the position and height of the Bragg peaks, curve shapes and exit doses. v2.7b did not generate projectile fragments while v2.7b_m did. While v2.7c calculates fragmentation in a manner similar to v2.7b_m, there are still substantial deviations from experimental data in the tail and in the region 6 mm proximal to Bragg peak. The positioning of the Bragg peaks and their heights were found to be acceptable. In the case of the 330MeV/u 12 C 6+ beam, for example, the calculated peak locations coincided with measurements within available experimental uncertainties, and relative heights differed by less than 10%. At 6mm beyond the peak the predicted dose was almost 50% lower than the measured value and the simulated curve's width was larger by 2mm at the FWHM. Conclusions : The discrepancy in the tail of the distributions indicates that the released transport codes insufficiently model target and/or projectile fragmentation and transport. The discrepancy in FWHM suggests slightly incorrect stopping powers which might be due to the water ionization potential employed in the code. However, this is contraindicated by the good positioning of the peaks and is being investigated.
Electrocatalysts for Nonaqueous Lithium–Air Batteries: Status, Challenges, and Perspective (2012)

The Li–air battery has recently emerged as a potentially transformational energy storage technology for both transportation and stationary energy storage applications because of its very high specific energy; however, its practical application is currently limited by the poor power capability (low current density), poor cyclability, and low energy efficiency. All of these are largely determined by interfacial reactions on oxygen electrocatalysts in the air electrode. In this article, we review the fundamental understanding of oxygen electrocatalysis in nonaqueous electrolytes and the status and challenges of oxygen electrocatalysts and provide a perspective on new electrocatalysts' design and development.
Comparison between smoking-related DNA adduct analysis in induced sputum and peripheral blood lymphocytes (2000)

We investigated the applicability of induced sputum (IS), a non-invasive derivative from the lower respiratory tract, for smoking-related DNA adduct analysis and its comparability with peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Lipophilic DNA adducts were quantified by the (32)P-post-labeling assay in IS and PBL of smokers (n = 9) with stable smoking status at three time points (one week intervals) and non-smokers (n = 9) at one time point. The success rate for sputum induction was 100% at all time points. There was no significant difference in total cell count, cell viability, squamous cell count and DNA yield between smokers and non-smokers. Within the smokers, there was no significant difference in IS cytology at the three time points: overall (mean of three measurements) total cell count, 9.0 +/- 2.4 x 10(6); cell viability, 77 +/- 4%; squamous cell count, 28 +/- 5%; non-squamous cell count, 72 +/- 4% (bronchoalveolar macrophages, 75 +/- 6%; neutrophils, 17 +/- 3%; bronchoepithelial cells, 7 +/- 2%; lymphocytes, 0.7 +/- 0.2%; metachromatic cells, 0.3 +/- 0.2%). IS DNA yield did not differ significantly at the three time points [overall (mean of three extractions) DNA yield, 66 +/- 20 microg]. A typical smoking-associated diagonal radioactive zone was observed in the adduct maps of IS and PBL of all and five smokers, respectively, and of none of the non-smokers. Lipophilic DNA adduct levels in both IS and PBL of smokers were higher than those of non-smokers (3.7 +/- 0. 9 versus 0.7 +/- 0.2/10(8) nt, P = 0.0005, and 2.1 +/- 0.3 versus 0. 6 +/- 0.1/10(8) nt, P = 0.0001, respectively). In smokers the level of adducts in IS was non-significantly higher than that in PBL (3.7 +/- 0.9 versus 2.1 +/- 0.3/10(8) nt, P = 0.1), whilst in non-smokers the difference was not appreciable (0.7 +/- 0.2 versus 0.6 +/- 0. 1/10(8) nt). Within the smokers there was no significant change in the level of adducts at the three time points either in IS or in PBL (coefficients of variation 34 and 29%, respectively). Adduct levels in IS at each time point were higher than those in PBL, leading to a significantly higher overall (mean of three quantifications) level of adducts in IS than PBL (3.3 +/- 0.2 versus 2.1 +/- 0.1/10(8) nt, P = 0.02). The overall levels of adducts in both IS and PBL were dose-dependently related to smoking indices. We conclude that IS is a preferable matrix as compared with PBL for molecular dosimetry of (current) exposure to inhalatory carcinogens as its analysis reveals both the existence and the magnitude of exposure more explicitly.
ChemInform Abstract: Selenoaldehydes Formed by 1,2‐Elimination and Trapped as Diels‐Alder Adducts. (1987)

Abstract The selenenyl compounds (I), and particularly their phthalimido derivatives, react with triethylamine to form the selenoaldehydes (II) which can be trapped in situ as their cycloadducts with conjugated dienes as shown in the reaction scheme.
The Attachments of the Diaphragm during The Minimally Invasive Lateral Extracoelomic Approach To the Thoracolumbar Spine (2011)

The antitumor effects of disulfiram (DSF) -a conventional medication used to treat alcohol dependence-have been documented in numerous studies. However, because of its low water solubility and Cu<sup>2+</sup>-dependent anticancer effects, the application of DSF in cancer therapy has been limited. Nanofibrous membranes produced via electrospinning have large specific surface areas. Consequently, they have been extensively used in biomedical applications, such as tissue scaffolding, drug delivery. In this study, a polylactic acid nanofibrous membrane was designed to encapsulate Cu<sup>2+</sup> and DSF. The encapsulated drug was released when the membranes came into contact with the tumor tissue. DSF functioned as a Cu-ion carrier and combined with Cu<sup>2+</sup> to induce tumor-cell apoptosis. The anticancer properties of the drug-loaded nanofibrous membrane were verified at the cellular level using in vitro experiments with cells. The results indicated that DSF and Cu<sup>2+</sup> were released from the fiber membrane, and the combination of DSF and Cu<sup>2+</sup> exhibited a better of cancer are proposed.
Multibeam sonar bottom detection using multiple subarrays (2002)

Two new bottom detection methods for multibeam bathymetric sonars are presented. Both of the methods are based on the early separate aperture method which combines amplitude and phase in the bottom detection. As a generalization of the separate aperture method, multiple subarrays are used to estimate the direction of arrival of the bottom echoes of oblique incident angles. An image transform is used to compute the bottom depth from the phase information. The methods were evaluated using Simrad EM3000 sonar data recorded from shallow water. The results show that both methods improve the bottom detection performance for oblique beams. The multiple subarray method is particularly useful for shallow water applications.
Development of Materials Integration Strategies for Electroceramic Film-Based Devices Via Complementary In Situ and Ex Situ Studies of Film Growth and Interface Processes (2002)

We review our studies of film growth and interface processes performed using complementary in situ and ex situ characterization techniques that provide valuable information critical to the development of materials integration strategies for the fabrication of electroceramic film-based devices. Specifically, we review our work performed using in situ time-of-flight ion scattering and recoil spectroscopy (TOF-ISARS) / X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) / spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), in conjunction with ex situ TEM and other techniques to study film growth and interface processes critical to the fabrication of non-volatile ferroelectric memories (NVFRAMs), dynamic random access memories (DRAMs), and high frequency devices based on high-K thin films. TOF-ISARS involves three distinct but closely related experimental methods, namely: ion scattering spectroscopy, direct recoil spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy of recoiled ions, which provide monolayer-specific information on film growth and surface segregation processes. Spectroscopic Ellipsometry enables investigation of buried interfaces. XPS provides valuable information on the chemistry of surface and interfaces. Specifically, we discuss: a) studies of oxidation of Ti-Al layers and synthesis and properties of La 0.5 Sr 0.5 CoO 9 /Ti-Al heterostructured layers for integration of PZT capacitors with Si substrates, and b) studies of BaSr x Ti 1 m x O 3 layer integration with Si substrates relevant to DRAMs, high frequency devices and high-K gate oxides for integrated circuits. This review shows the power of combined in situ / ex situ analytical techniques to provide valuable information for material integration strategies for electroceramic thin film-based devices.
Intraarticular abnormalities in association with posterior cruciate ligament injuries (1993)

The effect of an isolated injury of the posterior cruciate ligament on the articular cartilage and menisci has not been extensively studied. Intraarticular abnormalities in 88 arthroscopically proven posterior cruciate ligament tears in symptomatic patients with straight unidirectional posterior instability were reviewed. There were 33 patients with acute injuries (range, 3 to 21 days; mean, 14) and 55 patients with chronic tears (range, 28 to 3650 days; mean, 786). Of the acute injuries, chondral defects occurred in 4 patients (12%) and meniscal tears in 9 patients (27%; 6 lateral and 3 medial). Chondral defects of both the lateral femoral condyles and patella were present in all 4 patients. Of the chronic injuries, chondral defects occurred in 27 (49%) and meniscal tears in 20 patients (36%) (7 lateral and 17 medial). Chondral defects of the medial femoral condyle were most common. The mechanism of injury resulting in an isolated injury of the posterior cruciate ligament is most likely to affect the lateral compartment or the articular cartilage of the patella. The incidence of articular defects and the incidence of meniscal tears increased in patients with chronic posterior cruciate ligament injuries; both lesions increased most in the medial compartment.
Interacting with Photons: Creating Interactive Projected Augmented Reality Experiences (2015)

Interacting with Photons: Creating Interactive Projected Augmented Reality Experiences Slideshow
Gastric Function in Dogs with Naturally Acquired Gastric <i>Helicobacter</i> spp. Infection (1999)

The association of Helicobacter pylori with gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric neoplasia has led to fundamental changes in the understanding of gastric disease in humans. The relationship of Helicobacter spp. infection to gastric disease in dogs is unclear. The objective of this study was to determine if Helicobacter infection affects the gastric secretory axis of dogs. Eight Beagle dogs with naturally acquired Helicobacter spp. infection were studied before and after (4 and 29 days) the attempted eradication of Helicobacter spp. with a combination of amoxicillin, metronidazole, and famotidine (AMF). Six specific-pathogen-free, Helicobacter-free Beagle dogs served as controls. The electron microscopic appearance of spiral organisms in infected dogs indicated coinfection with Helicobacter felis- and H bizzozeronii-like organisms. Unstimulated gastric pH and fasting, postprandial, and bombesin-stimulated plasma gastrin were similar in both infected and uninfected dogs, although a trend (P = .09) toward higher meal-stimulated gastrin was observed in infected dogs at 60 minutes. Pentagastrin-stimulated maximal acid output (mmol HCI/kg0.75/hour) and titratable acidity (mmol HCl/mL) were similar in both infected and uninfected dogs, but gastric pH during maximal acid output was lower (P < .01) in uninfected dogs. Mild gastric inflammation was present in both infected and uninfected dogs. Gastric spiral organisms were undetectable in 6/8 infected dogs 4 days after AMF but had recurred in 8/8 dogs 29 days after AMF. Analysis of gastric DNA with Helicobacter-specific primers indicated persistence of Helicobacter DNA at 4 and 29 days after antibiotic therapy. Acid secretion, plasma gastrin, and mucosal inflammation were not affected by the transient suppression of Helicobacter spp. by AMF. These findings suggest that gastric secretory function in dogs is not markedly perturbed by naturally acquired Helicobacter spp. infection and that treatment with amoxicillin, metronidazole, and famotidine causes suppression rather than eradication of gastric Helicobacter spp. in dogs.
Echocardiography to magnetic resonance image registration for use in image-guide electrophysiology procedures (2009)

We present a novel method to register three-dimensional echocardiography (echo) images with magnetic resonance images (MRI) based on anatomical features, which could be used in the registration pipeline for overlaying MRI-derived roadmaps onto two-dimensional live X-ray images in electrophysiology (EP) procedures. The features used in image registration are the surface of the left ventricle and a manually defined centerline of the descending aorta. The MR-derived surface is generated using a fully automated algorithm, and the echo-derived surface is produced using a semi-automatic process. We test our method on six volunteers and three patients. We validated registration accuracy using two methods. The first calculated a root mean square distance error using anatomical landmarks. The second method used catheters as landmarks in one clinical EP procedure. Results show a mean error of 4.24 mm, which is acceptable for our clinical application, and no failed registrations were observed. In addition, our algorithm works on clinical data, is fast and only requires a small amount of manual input, and so it is applicable to use during EP procedures.
Uplink resource allocation for cognitive radio systems: QAM-OFDM or OQAM-OFDM? (2012)

Daily increasing demand for new wireless services with higher data rate and QoS level makes the upgrade of the physical layer modulation techniques inevitable. OFDMA is a common multiple access multicarrier modulation technique that is usually used in cognitive radio (CR) systems. Recently, a new technology, filter bank multicarrier system (FBMC) has been introduced to provide multiple access systems with filter banks. Therefore, it seems that OFDMA is not always the best candidate for CR systems. FBMC system is an evolutionary scheme with some advantages over the common-used OFDM multicarrier systems. This technology uses filter banks to produce independent subcarriers with better spectrum efficiency and resolutions in comparison with OFDM subcarriers. In this paper, by using an idea related to this modulation technique, we propose an uplink radio resource allocation algorithm in which fairness issue is also considered. Basically, we have focused on total capacity enhancement of a CR network using FBMC modulation. In order to better illustrate the efficiency FBMC modulation technique in future CR systems, we have also enhanced the proposed resource allocation algorithm for OFDM and FBMC based CR system in the case MIMO communications.
Exploration of Mono Lake with an ROV: a prototype experiment for the MAPS AUV program (2002)

Describes a field experiment to explore Mono Lake using the Telepresence Controlled Remotely Operated Vehicle (TROV). It was a prototype study demonstrating the science capabilities defined for an AUV developed by a consortium called MAPS. The goal was to study mineralization processes associated with thermal and nonthermal spring inflow into Mono Lake, a hypersaline, alkaline lake in eastern California located in a volcanically active area. TROV is a tethered ROV which can be controlled using a virtual reality user interface. It has a matched pair of stereo video cameras on a rapid pan and tilt platform and a single fixed downward pointing camera. It has high resolution 750 kHz pencil beam SONAR and 1 MHz scanning SONAR for navigating in the murky water, instruments for measuring water column properties (C,T,D, pH), a syringe water sampler, and a three function manipulator arm used to collect mineral samples and place them in a sample box mounted on the vehicle. TROV was navigated using a DiveTracker acoustic navigation system. TROV was deployed from the deck of a houseboat anchored above the field sites with control and data recording equipment also onboard. The boat's location was continuously recorded using a differential GPS system. During 10 days of field operations, TROV had a total of 38 hours of bottom time.
Novel Layer Structure of Sodium Calix[4]arenesulfonate Complexes—a Class of Organic Clay Mimics? (1988)

The crystalline sodium salt of calix[4]arene-sulfonate 1 consists of alternating organic and inorganic layers. Double layers of the basketlike pentaanions alternate with layers of sodium ions and water molecules; the similarity with the structures of clays is readily apparent. Acetone is bound in the cavity of 1, the O atom projecting into the hydrophilic layer (see right).
High order harmonics driven by a self-phase-stabilized IR parametric source (2010)

We analyze the emission of coherent XUV radiation in gaseous targets by high-order harmonics of tunable infrared (1.4–1.6 μm) laser pulses generated by a parametric source. As noticeable application, we show that a continuous spectrum spanning the 40–200 eV region can be efficiently generated by mixing the infrared pulses with visible pulses at 800 nm. These results open new perspectives for the extension of attosecond physics towards the soft-X region and for the investigation of atoms and molecules on a broader range of photon energies with respect to the state of the art.
Laser-Controlled Antihydrogen Production by Two-Stage Charge Exchange (2005)

Our ATRAP collaboration has now demonstrated a second technique for antihydrogen (H̄) production. Lasers are used for the first time to control the production of H̄ atoms in our cryogenic apparatus at CERN. As suggested in ref. [2] and first reported in ref. [1], lasers excite a thermal beam of cesium (Cs) atoms to a Rydberg state. In a first charge exchange collision one of these laser‐excited Cs atoms (Cs*) and a cold e+ produces positronium (Ps). Our measurements at Harvard([3]) and at CERN([1]) confirm CTMC simulations([2]) that the laser‐selected binding energy in the Cs atom is preserved by the collision and results in Ps with the selected binding energy. A second charge exchange is between one of these Ps atoms and a trapped p̄ . H̄ is produced by this second collision and is expected to again have the same binding energy. One advantage of this technique as discussed in ref. [2] is that the H̄ produced is expected to be extremely cold, at the temperature of the trapped p̄ , allowing for possible confinement of the H̄ atoms in a magnetic trap.