gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effective Communication of Scientific Information (2006)

Most publications require an informative abstract for every paper, even if they do not publish abstracts. For a research paper, briefly state the problem or the purpose of the research, indicate the theoretical or experimental plan used, summarize the principal findings, and point out major conclusions. Include chemical safety information when applicable. Do not supplement or evaluate the conclusions in the abstract. For a review paper, the abstract describes the topic, scope, sources reviewed, and conclusions. Write the abstract last to be sure that it accurately reflects the content of the paper. ✐ Reminder: The abstract allows the reader to determine the nature and scope of the paper and helps technical editors identify key features for indexing and retrieval. ➤ Although an abstract is not a substitute for the article itself, it must be concise, self-contained, and complete enough to appear separately in abstract publications. Often, authors’ abstracts are used with little change in abstract pub22 ➤ The ACS Style Guide lications. The optimal length is one paragraph, but it could be as short as two sentences. The length of the abstract depends on the subject matter and the length of the paper. Between 80 and 200 words is usually adequate. ➤ Do not cite references, tables, figures, or sections of the paper in the abstract. Do not include equations, schemes, or structures that require display on a line separate from the text. ➤ Use abbreviations and acronyms only when it is necessary to prevent awkward construction or needless repetition. Define abbreviations at first use in the abstract (and again at first use in the text).
Modified Copper Soap Solvent Extraction Method for Measuring Free Fatty Acids in Milk (1980)

A modified copper soap method was developed to provide a sensitive, rapid method for determining the free fatty acids in milk and estimating the intensity of lipolyzed flavor. The modification is simpler and more rapid than the original copper soap method. Only a small sample (.5 ml) of milk is needed for this colorimetric test, so it would be feasible to take aliquots from a universal sample. The method can be semiautomatic with an automatic sampler and spectrophotometer with a flow-through cell to test up to 200 samples per hour. It would take approximately 2 days to run the equivalent number by the Bureau of Dairy Industry method.
Study on a new fiber optic glucose biosensor (2003)

A new fiber optic glucose biosensor based on oxygen fluorescence quenching using lock-in technology has been presented. The sensor's detecting range (50 mg/dl/spl sim/500 mg/dl) and responding time (<30 seconds) are acquired.
Superantigens Associated with Staphylococcal and Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome are Potent Inducers of Tumor Necrosis Factor-  Synthesis (1993)

The role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) in the pathogenesis of severe bacterial infections has been studied extensively. However, the role of TNF beta, a lymphokine with biologic activities similar to those of TNF alpha, has received little attention. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the production of TNF beta by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the superantigens staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) and streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A (SPEA). Though LPS was a more potent inducer of TNF alpha than was TSST-1 or SPEA, TSST-1 and SPEA were both more potent inducers of TNF beta. The superantigens TSST-1 and SPEA were more potent inducers of total TNF (TNF alpha and TNF beta) than was LPS. These data suggest that the induction of TNF beta synthesis may be a unique pathway by which superantigens associated with severe streptococcal and staphylococcal infections mediate shock and multiorgan failure characteristic of toxic shock syndrome.
Bruton's tyrosine kinase as a drug discovery target (2008)

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) is an important mediator in multiple signal transduction pathways. Fifteen years of research have revealed a complex role for Btk in hematopoietic cells. These studies suggest that Btk may be a promising target for therapeutic intervention for several complicated diseases. Inhibitors targeting the Btk kinase domain have been developed and show clear beneficial effects in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis, lymphoma and other diseases. Here, an overview of these studies is presented with an emphasis on results stemming from medicinal chemistry research.
[A non-exocrine function of the submaxillary gland]. (1991)

Emphasizing on the concept of "banalization" and multifactoriality of the signal molecules of the cellular communication, the authors review data of the literature which allow to attribute to some substances synthetized by the submandibular salivary glands (SSG), mainly growth factors as EGF and NGF, an endocrine role. Because of their direct secretion in the oral cavity or their overflow into bloodstream the consequences of the deficit of these growth factors could be correlated with some oral pathologies such as aphthous lesions, puberty and pregnancy gingivitis, which endocrine etiology is often assumed, as well as autoimmune salivary pathologies. Thus, the results obtained after SSG removal furnish a support for envisaging a link between the submandibular salivary glands and the reproductive function (decrease in plasma LH level, ultrastructural changes of the Leydig cells, spontaneous abortion) and with some structures of the central nervous system such as hypothalamus (variation in hypothalamic TRH content) or pineal gland (decrease in pineal cyclic AMP content). Particularly interesting is the possibility that NGF secreted in blood by the SSG during a stress may represent the signal able to stimulate the peripheral immunity cells as well as to inform the central nervous system through a neuronal pathway via the superior cervical ganglia and the pineal gland. This brain afferent information could be associated with an increased hypothalamic NGF synthesis, also observed during stress, whose finality might be to stimulate the secretion of hypophyseal ACTH, the main hormone involved in the interrelationship between endocrine and immune response.
Polifenoles y volátiles en la caracterización analítica del brandy de Jerez (2007)

La peculiar tipicidad y especificidad del brandy de Jerez deriva de los matices aromaticos y sensoriales proporcionados por numerosos compuestos volatiles. En este trabajo, investigadores de la Universidad de Cadiz proporcionan las bases para su caracterizacion analitica precisa.
Noise-immune phase unwrapping algorithm (1989)

A new phase unwrapping algorithm is proposed which combines noise immunity with computational efficiency. It is based on the requirement that the unwrapped map should be independent of the route by which unwrapping takes place.
Disassembly Sequence Planning For Complete Disassembly In Product Recovery (1998)

Disassembly is a key element for retrieving the desired subassemblies and/or parts from a product. However, determining an efficient disassembly sequence plan (DSP) is an NP-complete problem. In this paper, we propose a methodology to generate a near optimum DSP for a product. The methodology is illustrated using an example. INTRODUCTION Product recovery and waste management techniques are in popular demand as key elements of Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing as a result of fast depletion of virgin resources and increasing amount of waste [2], [4]. Product recovery generally offers two major options: recycling and remanufacturing. Recycling aims to recover the material content of retired products by performing the necessary disassembly, sorting, and chemical operations. Remanufacturing preserves the product&apos;s (or its part&apos;s) identity and performs the required disassembly, sorting, and refurbishing operations in order to bring the parts of the product to a desired level of quali...
Effect of conventional and rapid thermal annealing on platinum silicide Schottky barrier diodes (1990)

The effects of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) on the material properties and on the performance of Pt Schottky barriers on Si are investigated and compared with the effects of corresponding furnace annealings. For fabrication of platinum silicide-silicon Schottky diodes, furnace annealing degrades the minority-carrier diffusion length, while Schottky diodes prepared by RTA have better performance without degradation of the diffusion length.
Adaptive hysteresis band control for converter with low output ripple and constant switching frequency (2013)

This paper presents a new adaptive hysteresis band control (AHBC) technique for hysteresis DC-DC buck converter, which can adaptively adjust the hysteresis band according to input and output voltages. This technique was designed by PSIM. Simulation results show that the proposed AHBC has lower output ripple than the constant hysteresis window technique when output capacitance reduces. Although the load was changed, the constant switching frequency can be kept. The steady state ripple voltage of the proposed converter is also better than the conventional PWM converter.
Causes, investigation and treatment of leg ulceration (2003)

Chronic ulceration of the lower leg is a frequent condition, with a prevalence of 3-5% in the population over 65 years of age. The incidence of ulceration is rising as a result of the ageing population and increased risk factors for atherosclerotic occlusion such as smoking, obesity and diabetes. Ulcers can be defined as wounds with a 'full thickness depth' and a 'slow healing tendency'. In general, the slow healing tendency is not simply explained by depth and size, but caused by an underlying pathogenetic factor that needs to be removed to induce healing. The main causes are venous valve insufficiency, lower extremity arterial disease and diabetes. Less frequent conditions are infection, vasculitis, skin malignancies and ulcerating skin diseases such as pyoderma gangrenosum. But even rarer conditions exist, such as the recently discovered combination of vasculitis and hypercoagulability. For a proper treatment of patients with leg ulcers, it is important to be aware of the large differential diagnosis of leg ulceration.
On the analog simulation of a pure time delay (1972)

In the investigation of many physical systems, it becomes necessary to simulate the time-delay phenomenon on the computer. This phenomenon arises in such investigations as shock waves in mechanical systems, sound waves in acoustical systems, and more generally in connection with the flow of materials in chemical processes and heat exchangers. Since information about such systems is not available until a finite time after certain actions have been performed, it is essential to represent this time-delay phenomenon adequately. Various methods have been used to do this, depend ing on the value of the time delay involved and the frequencies contained in the variable quantity passing through the delay. This paper discusses the application of operational amplifiers to form time-delay approximations for those applications where the delay is more or less constant. A number of such approaches are discussed and the resulting approximations are brought into a common form and scale, so that comparisons between the different approximations may be easily accomplished.
Broadcast Encryption Using Probabilistic Key Distribution and Applications (2006)

A family of novel broadcast encryption schemes based on probabilistic key pre-distribution are proposed, that enable multiple sources to broadcast secrets, without the use of asymmetric cryptographic primitives. A comprehensive analysis of their efficiencies and performance bounds are presented. The paper also suggests a framework for applications of broadcast encryption, depending on 1) the relationship between the size of the network (or the total number of deployed devices) and the group size, and 2) the nature of the devices (stateless or otherwise) in the deployment. The utility of the proposed broadcast encryption schemes is investigated for securing content distribution applications based on the publish-subscribe paradigm.
A New Soybean Maturity and Photoperiod‐Sensitivity Locus Linked to <i>E1</i> and <i>T</i> (2001)

An association between early maturity and tawny pubescence has been observed in short‐season soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. The objectives of this study were to determine if a single locus controls early maturity; and if there is a new locus linked to E1 and T or, alternatively, a third allele at the E1 locus. A cross was made between ‘Harosoy’ isolines OT89‐5 ( e3e3 e4e4 ) and OT94‐47. PI 196529 was the donor of early maturity in the backcrossing program which developed OT94‐47. A total of 229 F 2 plants and the parents were grown under 20‐h photoperiods produced by incandescent lamps. OT94‐47 flowered in 43 ± 1.4 d, OT89‐5 flowered later in 57 ± 4.2 d, and the F 2 population fit a 3 late: 1 early flowering ratio. Early‐flowering F 2 plants produced F 3 families that flowered similarly to OT94‐47. Later‐flowering F 2 plants either segregated for flowering date or flowered similarly to OT89‐5. To test for allelism with E1 and linkage with T , a cross was made between OT93‐26 ( E1E1 e3e3 e4e4 TT ) and OT94‐47. F 2 plants were classified as parental types or intermediate and equivalent to OT89‐5 in maturity. Maturity and pubescence color were recorded in 376 F 3 progeny rows. The data did not fit a single locus model or a two loci dominant epistasis model (12:3:1). The E7 allele was partially, but not completely, dominant over the e7 allele. Therefore, a new locus E7 is proposed. Using the F 3 segregation data, linkage between T and E1 was estimated to be 1.3 ± 0.6 centimorgan (cM). Linkage between E1 and E7 was estimated to be 6.2 cM and linkage between E7 and T was estimated to be 3.9 cM. E7 is a new flowering, maturity, and photoperiod sensitivity locus tightly linked to both E1 and T E7E7 results in later flowering and maturity, and sensitivity to long photoperiods produced by incandescent lamps when compared to e7e7
Introduction (2005)

This book is the culmination of the research of a number of Australian scholars in the fields of employment relations, health policy, health sociology, health economics and health services management. In the first instance it arises from the three editors’ doctoral studies, carried out between 1994 and 2004. We began our PhD research at a time when healthcare reform was high on the agenda in Australia; we were concerned with the impact of these reforms on the work of various health professionals and on the quality of care extended to patients. During this period we found ourselves presenting work-in-progress papers at the Association of Industrial Relations Academics of Australia and New Zealand (AIRAANZ) annual conferences and other related conferences. Sometimes the conference organizers would program us in the same session, for example making health a case study in employment relations, at other times we were separated by themes such as human resource management, enterprise bargaining, casualization, labour flexibility or working time. Through this process we discovered other academics with similar interests and it became clear that while there were many similarities in our investigations, there were also differences in our research approach, discipline orientation or theoretical explanations.
The Production Frontier Modeling Production in Computerized Business Simulations (1989)

This paper presents a system of equations that can be used for modeling the production function in computerized business simulations. A review of a sample of contemporary business games demonstrates that most designers have production algorithms that are incomplete or inconsistent with the theory of production. The production system presented in the paper uses a continuous multiplicative functional form which is flexible and allows the designer to specify and control for: diminishing returns, points of inflection, output elasticities, and returns to scale. The complete production system consists of fifteen equations in which the first nine define the production frontier (i.e., outside boundary) and six optional functions allow the designer to incorporate input inefficiencies and/or improvements into the model. A numerical example demonstrates use of the frontier.
A Dynamic Deployment Policy of Slave Controllers for Software Defined Network (2015)

In order to solve the problem of Software-Defined Network scalability, the idea of using multiple controllers to manage the underlying network domain became an effective solution. But how to deploy the controller rationally to reduce the communication overhead of control plane lacks the corresponding research. Therefore this paper proposes a controller dynamic deployment strategy. The strategy uses the Quantum Genetic Algorithm to calculate the optimal controller deployment scheme, and can adjust scheme of deployment dynamically according to the change of network topology. Experiments show that this deployment scheme can effectively reduce the whole communication overhead of the control plane, and achieve dynamic adjustment of deployment scheme at the smaller expense.
18F-FDG PET/CT in a 16-Year-Old Patient With Hydranencephaly (2014)

A 16-year-old male patient with a past medical history of congenital brain malformation presented for surveillance F-FDG PET/CT scan of left parotid acinic cell adenocarcinoma. F-FDG PET/CT revealed absence of gray matter activity in the bilateral cerebral hemispheres most consistent with hydranencephaly. Hydranencephaly is a rare congenital condition characterized by absent cerebral hemispheres replaced by cerebrospinal fluid-filled sacs. The etiology is hypothesized to be secondary to intrauterine bilateral internal carotid artery compromise. Most affected individuals die in utero or within weeks of birth; however, there are rare reported cases of prolonged survival as in our patient.
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy in musculoskeletal disorders (2012)

The sources of shockwave generation include electrohydraulic, electromagnetic and piezoelectric principles. Electrohydraulic shockwaves are high-energy acoustic waves generated under water explosion with high voltage electrode. Shockwave in urology (lithotripsy) is primarily used to disintegrate urolithiasis, whereas shockwave in orthopedics (orthotripsy) is not used to disintegrate tissues, rather to induce tissue repair and regeneration. The application of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) in musculoskeletal disorders has been around for more than a decade and is primarily used in the treatment of sports related over-use tendinopathies such as proximal plantar fasciitis of the heel, lateral epicondylitis of the elbow, calcific or non-calcific tendonitis of the shoulder and patellar tendinopathy etc. The success rate ranged from 65% to 91%, and the complications were low and negligible. ESWT is also utilized in the treatment of non-union of long bone fracture, avascular necrosis of femoral head, chronic diabetic and non-diabetic ulcers and ischemic heart disease. The vast majority of the published papers showed positive and beneficial effects. FDA (USA) first approved ESWT for the treatment of proximal plantar fasciitis in 2000 and lateral epicondylitis in 2002. ESWT is a novel non-invasive therapeutic modality without surgery or surgical risks, and the clinical application of ESWT steadily increases over the years. This article reviews the current status of ESWT in musculoskeletal disorders.
Evidence that Potato Leafroll Virus RNA is Positive-stranded, is Linked to a Small Protein and Does Not Contain Polyadenylate (1982)

SUMMARY RNA extracted from particles of potato leafroll virus (PLRV) infected tobacco mesophyll protoplasts. Treating the RNA with proteinase K did not abolish its infectivity. In messenger-dependent rabbit reticulocyte lysate, PLRV RNA induced the synthesis of specific polypeptides: a major product of mol. wt. 71000 but no product the size of coat protein. PLRV RNA is therefore positive-stranded. A genome-linked protein (apparent mol. wt. 7000) was detected in preparations of PLRV RNA but no polyadenylate sequence was found. These features may prove to be characteristic of luteoviruses.
Treatment of recurrent depression (2006)

Approximately eight out of ten people experiencing a major depressive episode will have one or more further episodes during their lifetime: a recurrent major depressive disorder. Prolongation or lifelong pharmacotherapy has emerged as the main therapeutic tool for preventing relapse in depression. However, outcome after discontinuation of antidepressants does not seem to be affected by the duration of their administration. Loss of clinical effects, despite adequate compliance, has also emerged as a vexing clinical problem. Use of intermittent pharmacotherapy with follow-up visits is another therapeutic option that would leave patients with periods free of drugs and side effects, in consideration of the fact that a high proportion of patients would discontinue the antidepressant anyway. However, the problems of resistance (the fact that a drug treatment may be associated with a diminished chance of response in those patients who successfully responded to it, but discontinued it) and of discontinuation syndromes are a substantial disadvantage of this therapeutic option. In recent years, several controlled trials have suggested that a sequential use of pharmacotherapy in the treatment of the acute episode and psychotherapy in its residual phase may improve long-term outcome. However, patients should be motivated for psychotherapy and skilled therapists should be available. It is important to discuss with the patient the various therapeutic options and to adapt strategies to the specific needs of patients.
The automated lane-keeping design for an intelligent vehicle (2005)

In this paper, a vision-based lane-keeping automated steering system is proposed and is successfully verified in our vehicle platform, TAIWAN iTS-1. The proposed steering system can achieve the accurate detection of the complicated road environment information; and more, the closed-loop automated lane-keeping steering system with virtual look-ahead is stable under varying speed operation. Furthermore, to achieve more manlike driving behavior such as smooth tuning, a fuzzy gain schedule technology is proposed to concern with lateral offset and instant-speed of the vehicle, and hence, to compensate the feedback controller for adapting to the steering wheel command appropriately. The proposed steering system is demonstrated via TAIWAN iTS-1 on the standard testing road in automotive research and testing center (ARTC) and highway road.
33.2: High‐Efficiency Integrated Charge Pump Circuits for Poly‐Si TFT‐LCDs (2004)

Abstract A novel charge pump circuit composed of poly‐Si TFTs has been designed for LTPS TFT‐LCDs to generate high voltage level. The proposed configuration is based on connecting two identical but opposite‐phase switched‐capacitor type charge pumps in parallel, thus eliminating the need for extra voltage boost circuits. The simply clock scheme is very suitable for integrated poly‐Si AMLCDs. Excellent TFT performance also enables the external voltage to the charge pump circuit down to 3V below. The simulated power efficiency of the proposed charge pump circuit is beyond 70%.
DESCRIPTION OF THERSITES (GLYPTORHAGADA) HILLIERI, N.SP., FROM SOUTH CENTRAL AUSTRALIA (1910)

Journal Article DESCRIPTION OF THERSITES (GLYPTORHAGADA) HILLIERI, N.SP., FROM SOUTH CENTRAL AUSTRALIA Get access E. A. SMITH E. A. SMITH Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Molluscan Studies, Volume 9, Issue 1, March 1910, Page 26, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.mollus.a066293 Published: 01 March 1910