gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of Cytotoxic Oxidative Stress by <scp>d</scp> -Alanine in Brain Tumor Cells Expressing <i>Rhodotorula gracilis</i> <scp>d</scp> -Amino Acid Oxidase: A Cancer Gene Therapy Strategy (1998)

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in the stereoselective deamination of d-amino acids catalyzed by d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO). H2O2 readily crosses cellular membranes and damages DNA, proteins, and lipids. The scarcity of DAAO substrates in mammalian organisms and its co-localization with catalase in the peroxisomal matrix suggested that the cytotoxicity of ROS could be harnessed by administration of d-amino acids to tumor cells ectopically expressing DAAO in the cytoplasm. To evaluate this hypothesis, the cDNA encoding the highly active DAAO from the red yeast Rhodotorula gracilis was mutated to remove the carboxy-terminal peroxisomal targeting sequence. A clonal line of 9L glioma cells stably transfected with this construct (9Ldaao17) was found to synthesize active R. gracilis DAAO. Exposure of 9Ldaao17 cells to d-alanine resulted in cytotoxicity at concentrations that were nontoxic to parental 9L cells. Depletion of cellular glutathione further sensitized 9Ldaao17 cells to d-alanine (d-Ala). This result, combined with stimulation of pentose phosphate pathway activity and the production of extracellular H2O2 by 9Ldaao17 cells incubated with d-alanine implicates oxidative stress as the mediator of cytotoxicity. These results demonstrate that expression of R. gracilis DAAO in tumor cells confers chemosensitivity to d-alanine that could be exploited as a novel cancer gene therapy paradigm. Gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) is an antineoplastic treatment strategy designed to overcome the systemic toxicity of chemotherapy by specifically expressing a foreign enzyme in malignant cells that converts a nontoxic prodrug into a cytotoxic metabolite. The relative inefficiency of current in situ gene transfer methodology suggests that enzyme/prodrug combinations that produce membrane permeable metabolites will elicit a more favorable therapeutic response. Ideally, the agent produced by the transduced cell “factories” would be cytotoxic toward both proliferating and quiescent cells. We describe a novel GDEPT approach using d-amino acid oxidase from the red yeast Rhodotorula gracilis and d-alanine as a substrate that generates hydrogen peroxide, a reactive metabolite of oxygen that has both these characteristics. We also demonstrate the ability to sensitize tumor cells to this GDEPT protocol by manipulating cellular antioxidant pathways.
Experimental Characterization and Application of Circuit Architecture Level Single Event Transient Mitigation (2007)

In this work experimental characterization of process single event transient (SET) performance as a function of circuit node capacitance and drive strength is described. A test structure fabricated on a 130 nm bulk CMOS process is described. Experimental results from ion beam measurements on the structure are also presented. The results can be used early in the design cycle to limit reliability impact due to SETs. An SRAM design example demonstrates how measured SET data can be used to trade off dynamic power dissipation for improved soft error performance without increasing circuit area.
Synergism between platelet collagen receptors defined using receptor-specific collagen-mimetic peptide substrata in flowing blood (2010)

Exposed subendothelial collagen acts as a substrate for platelet adhesion and thrombus formation after vascular injury. Synthetic collagen-derived triple-helical peptides, designated collagen-related peptide (CRP), GFOGER, and VWF-III, can specifically engage the platelet collagen receptors, glycoprotein VI and integrin alpha(2)beta(1), and plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF), respectively. Hitherto, the role of these 3 collagen-binding axes has been studied indirectly. Use of these uniform peptide substrates, rather than collagen fibers, provides independent control of each axis. Here, we use confocal imaging and novel image analysis techniques to investigate the effects of receptor-ligand engagement on platelet binding and activation during thrombus formation under flow conditions. At low shear (100s(-1) and 300s(-1)), both GFOGER and CRP are required for thrombus formation. At 1000s(-1), a combination of either CRP or GFOGER with VWF-III induces comparable thrombus formation, and VWF-III increases thrombus deposition at all shear rates, being indispensable at 3000s(-1). A combination of CRP and VWF-III is sufficient to support extensive platelet deposition at 3000s(-1), with slight additional effect of GFOGER. Measurement of thrombus height after specific receptor blockade or use of altered proportions of peptides indicates a signaling rather than adhesive role for glycoprotein VI, and primarily adhesive roles for both alpha(2)beta(1) and the VWF axis.
Identifying patterns of atherosclerotic disease manifestation with coronary computed tomography. Impact on clinical management and outcome? (2008)

Since its introduction as a tool for non-invasive coronary imaging, computed tomographic angiography (CTA) has undergone significant clinical validation. Its feasibility and diagnostic performance for the assessment of luminal stenosis have been evaluated against conventional angiography.1,2 In multiple comparative studies, it has been demonstrated that significant luminal stenosis can be excluded with high negative predictive value. The positive predictive value for the detection of stenotic lesions is reduced by stenosis overestimation due to artefact associated with advanced, calcified atherosclerotic lesions. At the same time, CTA has been validated for assessment of plaque burden and plaque characteristics. Several studies have demonstrated reliable identification and differentiation of calcified and non-calcified plaque in comparison with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), but further characterization of non-calcified components based on the CT Hounsfield unit value is limited.3

The ultimate goal of atherosclerosis imaging is the identification of ‘the vulnerable plaque’, prior to their causing acute cardiovascular events. In post-mortem studies, these high-risk lesions, the so-called thin cap fibroatheromata (TCFA), are characterized by a necrotic core, separated from the lumen by a thin fibrous cap (<65 µm), which consists of smooth muscle cells and inflammatory cells in a proteoglycan-rich collagen matrix.4 While reliable in vivo identification is still not possible, invasive imaging modalities including IVUS and optical coherence tomography … 

*Corresponding author. Tel: +1 216 445-7579, Fax: +1 216 445-6855, Email: schoenp1{at}ccf.org
Expression of IGF-I splice variants in young and old human skeletal muscle after high resistance exercise (2002)

The mRNA expression of two splice variants of the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) gene, IGF-IEa and mechano growth factor (MGF), were studied in human skeletal muscle. Subjects (eight young, aged 25–36 years, and seven elderly, aged 70–82 years) completed 10 sets of six repetitions of single legged knee extensor exercise at 80 % of their one repetition maximum. Muscle biopsy samples were obtained from the quadriceps muscle of both the control and exercised legs 2.5 h after completion of the exercise bout. Expression levels of the IGF-I mRNA transcripts were determined using real-time quantitative RT-PCR with specific primers. The resting levels of MGF were significantly (≈100-fold) lower than those of the IGF-IEa isoform. No difference was observed between the resting levels of the two isoforms between the two subject groups. High resistance exercise resulted in a significant increase in MGF mRNA in the young, but not in the elderly subjects. No changes in IGF-IEa mRNA levels were observed as a result of exercise in either group. The mRNA levels of the transcription factor MyoD were greater at rest in the older subjects (P < 0.05), but there was no significant effect of the exercise bout. Electrophoretic separation of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms showed the older subjects to have a lower (P < 0.05) percentage of MHC-II isoforms than the young subjects. However, no association was observed between the composition of the muscle and changes in the IGF-I isoforms with exercise. The data from this study show an attenuated MGF response to high resistance exercise in the older subjects, indicative of age-related desensitivity to mechanical loading. The data in young subjects indicate that the MGF and IGF-IEa isoforms are differentially regulated in human skeletal muscle.
Real-Time Observations of Interfacial Lithiation in a Metal Silicide Thin Film (2012)

Interfacial reactions and phase transformations play a significant role in the capacity and reversibility of lithium batteries. Understanding interfacial structural changes is especially important in alloying or conversion reactions found in higher-capacity intermetallic or metal oxyfluoride systems. Using in-situ X-ray reflectivity, we observe the lithiation of a stratified chromium silicide film with sub-nanometer resolution as a model system for characterizing such lithiation mechanisms. In-situ X-ray reflectivity of the thin film reveals that the sample lithiates to form the 1 nm thick low-electron-density regions at the buried interfaces separating each phase at sufficiently low electrochemical potentials. The reflectivity also indicates a significant accumulation of lithium at the surface at potentials approaching 0 V vs Li/Li+. The lithiation on the surface is fully reversible, whereas that in the film is partially irreversible. The observed mechanism for interfacial lithiation is likely a general feature of intermetallic electrodes and could be optimized for higher surface area nanostructures.
Lung tumor promotion by curcumin (2009)

Curcumin exhibits anti-inflammatory and antitumor activity and is being tested in clinical trials as a chemopreventive agent for colon cancer. Curcumin's chemopreventive activity was tested in a transgenic mouse model of lung cancer that expresses the human Ki-ras(G12C) allele in a doxycycline (DOX) inducible and lung-specific manner. The effects of curcumin were compared with the lung tumor promoter, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and the lung cancer chemopreventive agent, sulindac. Treatment of DOX-induced mice with dietary curcumin increased tumor multiplicity (36.3 +/- 0.9 versus 24.3 +/- 0.2) and progression to later stage lesions, results which were similar to animals that were co-treated with DOX/BHT. Microscopic examination showed that the percentage of lung lesions that were adenomas and adenocarcinomas increased to 66% in DOX/BHT, 66% in DOX/curcumin and 49% in DOX/BHT/curcumin-treated groups relative to DOX only treated mice (19%). Immunohistochemical analysis also showed increased evidence of inflammation in DOX/BHT, DOX/curcumin and DOX/BHT/curcumin mice relative to DOX only treated mice. In contrast, co-treatment of DOX/BHT mice with 200 p.p.m. [DOSAGE ERROR CORRECTED] of sulindac inhibited the progression of lung lesions and reduced the inflammation. Lung tissue from DOX/curcumin-treated mice demonstrated a significant increase (33%; P = 0.01) in oxidative damage, as assessed by the levels of carbonyl protein formation, relative to DOX-treated control mice after 1 week on the curcumin diet. These results suggest that curcumin may exhibit organ-specific effects to enhance reactive oxygen species formation in the damaged lung epithelium of smokers and ex-smokers. Ongoing clinical trials thus may need to exclude smokers and ex-smokers in chemopreventive trials of curcumin.
Recurrent Demyelination and Remyelination in 37 Young Bengal Cats with Polyneuropathy (2011)

A chronic-relapsing form of polyneuropathy associated primarily with episodes of demyelination and remyelination was identified in young Bengal cats. The prognosis for recovery is good, although relapses are possible and there can be residual motor deficits.
Chemical Control of Electronic Structure and Superconductivity in Layered Borides and Borocarbides: Understanding the Absence of Superconductivity in Li<sub>x</sub>BC. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Data-aided frequency offset estimation in frequency selective channels: Training sequence selection (2002)

We consider the problem of frequency-offset estimation in frequency selective channels in a data-aided context. More specifically, we address the training sequence selection issue with the goal of providing the most accurate frequency offset estimates. Towards this end, we examine the Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) for the problem at hand. Since it is hardly feasible to derive the training sequence that results in a minimum CRB, an expression for the asymptotic CRB is derived which depends in a simple way on the channel impulse response and the training sequence correlation. Based on the asymptotic CRB, two methods are presented to select an optimal training sequence. Numerical simulations illustrate the estimation performance obtained with these training sequences.
Use of inclinometer current meters in weak currents (1985)

An inclinometer-type current meter has been developed for use in environments with very low to moderate current speeds. A novel swivel system is used to suppress oscillations in the response and allow independent adjustment Of tilt and direction sensitivity. Previous analytical models used to adapt fresh water calibration curves to the marine environment were found to be inadequate for low speeds. An improved model was developed. Intercalibration with a vector-measuring current meter gave good agreement. The meters have been used in low speed environments off the coast of southern California from 1978 to the present.
A Concentrated Aglycone Isoflavone Preparation (GCP) That Demonstrates Potent Anti-Prostate Cancer Activity<b><i>In vitro</i></b>and<b><i>In vivo</i></b> (2004)

GCP has potent growth-inhibitory effects against prostate cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. These data suggest GCP has potential as an effective chemopreventive agent against prostate cancer cell growth.
A Weighing Lysimeter for Evapotranspiration and Root Measurements<sup>1</sup> (1985)

Abstract Crop water use is intimately tied to soil water and rooting patterns. Therefore, a lysimeter was fabricated which is unique in that root density and water content measurements can be made throughout an undisturbed soil profile coincident with whole‐profile evapotranspiration measurements. With this lysimeter, interrelationships throughout this soil profile between rooting depth and density, soil water content, plant water uptake, and evaporative demand can be evaluated. The lysimeter was constructed with a steel outer and inner box. The inner box contained an undisturbed soil monolith and was set on a scale, which in turn was set on the outer box floor. The 2.0 by 1.5 by 2.54 m monolith was obtained by forcing a steel box over a soil pedestal. Root growth and density and soil water are capable of being monitored throughout the monolith by using 36 clear, extruded acrylic tubes that were inserted horizontally through the monolith at various depths. Most of the soil mass is counterbalanced and the system is capable of resolving water mass changes equivalent to 0.02 mm. Evapotranspiration rates determined from the lysimeter compare favorably with empirical estimates. Costs for the facility and manpower requirements for operations and maintenance are substantial. However, root and soil water measurements, which are possible with this lysimeter, in conjunction with total‐profile water loss measurements, provide a means for quantitatively evaluating interrelationships throughout the profile between these important phenomena.
Some hybrid technologies comparison in the manufacturing of multi-chip modules for space application (2002)

A multichip-module (MCM) hybrid has been manufactured by several technological approaches for space applications. Results of investigations into some technology alternatives to thick-film multilayer technology are presented. In particular, thin-film multilayer technologies using polyimides or SiO/sub 2/ as dielectric have been evaluated, multilayer thin-film technology and low-temperature cofired ceramic multilayer technology allow higher interconnection density and high-speed applications. It has been demonstrated, by an MCM reference hybrid, that modules manufactured by these technologies have at least the same performance as the thick-film version, and allow savings of room and mass.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ontogeny of Iodothyronine Deiodinases in Human Liver1 (1998)

The role of the deiodinases D1, D2, and D3 in the tissue-specific and time-dependent regulation of thyroid hormone bioactivity during fetal development has been investigated in animals but little is known about the ontogeny of these enzymes in humans. We analyzed D1, D2, and D3 activities in liver microsomes from 10 fetuses of 15-20 weeks gestation and from 8 apparently healthy adult tissue transplant donors, and in liver homogenates from 2 fetuses (20 weeks gestation), 5 preterm infants (27-32 weeks gestation), and 13 term infants who survived up to 39 weeks postnatally. D1 activity was determined using 1 microM [3',5'-125I]rT3 as substrate and 10 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) as cofactor, D2 activity using 1 nM [3',5'-125I]T4 and 25 mM DTT in the presence of 1 mM 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (to block D1 activity) and 1 microM T3 (to block D3 activity), and D3 activity using 10 nM [3,5-125I]T3 and 50 mM DTT, by quantitation of the release of 125I. The assays were validated by high performance liquid chromatography of the products, and kinetic analysis [Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of rT3 for D1: 0.5 microM; Km of T3 for D3: 2 nM]. In liver homogenates, D1 activity was not correlated with age, whereas D3 activity showed a strong negative correlation with age (r -0.84), with high D3 activities in preterm infants and (except in 1 infant of 35 weeks) absent D3 activity in full-term infants. In microsomes, D1 activities amounted to 4.3-60 pmol/min/mg protein in fetal livers and to 170-313 pmol/min/mg protein in adult livers, whereas microsomal D3 activities were 0.15-1.45 pmol/min/mg protein in fetuses and <0.1 pmol/min/mg protein in all but one adult. In the latter sample, D3 activity amounted to 0.36 pmol/min/mg protein. D2 activity was negligible in both fetal and adult livers. These findings indicate high D1 and D3 activities in fetal human liver, and high D1 and mostly absent D3 activities in adult human liver. Therefore, the low serum T3 levels in the human fetus appear to be caused by high hepatic (and placental) D3 activity rather than caused by low hepatic D1 activity. The occasional expression of D3 in adult human liver is intriguing and deserves further investigation.
The Toxicity of Prion Protein Fragment PrP(106−126) is Not Mediated by Membrane Permeabilization as Shown by a M112W Substitution (2009)

Prion diseases result from a post-translational modification of the physiological prion protein (PrP(C)) into a scrapie isoform (PrP(Sc)). The PrP(106-126) fragment is conserved among various abnormal variants and shows PrP(Sc) pathogenic properties. It has been proposed that the PrP(106-126) fragment may exhibit its toxic effects through membrane pore formation. Our previous studies showed that PrP(106-126) does not interact with membranes under physiological conditions. In the present study, PrP(106-126) affinity for membranes was increased by modifying PrP(106-126) with a M112W substitution, and pore formation was further evaluated. However, while the peptide exhibited an increased local concentration in the membrane, this did not lead to the induction of membrane permeabilization, as verified by fluorescence methodologies and surface plasmon resonance. These results further support the idea that PrP(106-126) toxicity is not a consequence of peptide-membrane interaction and pore formation.
Abstract 14574: Peripartum Cardiomyopathy and Hypertensive Pregnancy Subtypes Among 1.6 Million Pregnancies in California Independently Predict Subsequent Incident Myocardial Infarction, Heart Failure, and Stroke (2016)

Introduction: Cardiovascular complications from the hemodynamic challenge of pregnancy and childbirth present an opportunity to assess risk for later cardiovascular disease (CVD) in many women. Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) and hypertensive pregnancy (HP) are interrelated and are each individually associated with CVD. However, prior studies have not assessed PPCM and specific subtypes of HP as predictors of subsequent myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), and stroke (ischemic, hemorrhagic and embolic). Methods: The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project was used to identify unique admissions for PPCM and HP in California hospitals between 1/1/2002 and 12/31/2005 with ICD9 codes. We employed multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to determine the association of PPCM and HP (with subtypes defined as chronic HTN + gestational HTN, chronic HTN + preeclampsia, de novo gestational HTN, and de novo preeclampsia) with subsequent admissions for MI, HF and stroke through 12/31/2011. Results: Am...
Thallium bromide radiation detectors (1989)

Crystals of highly purified thallium bromide were used to fabricate radiation detectors. These detectors were rested with isotopic photon sources and successfully detected gamma and X-rays in the 0.01- to 1 MeV energy range. The detectors were tested at and below room temperature, and their performance approaches that of other semiconductor detector materials which have been under development. The performance of TlBr detectors is due to the similarity in the transport characteristics of electrons and holes in TlBr and the relatively large number of charge carriers produced per unit of energy of detected particle. The performance of these detectors is currently limited by shot noise induced by the leakage current in the TlBr.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Iron-catalyzed Silylcyanation of Aldehydes and Ketones with Silyl Cyanide Prepared from Silane and Acetonitrile (2005)

Abstract Silylcyanation of aldehyde or ketone was performed in a solution involving Et3SiCN produced by photoreaction of Et3SiH with MeCN in the presence of a catalytic amount of Cp(CO)2FeMe (Cp = C5H5). The iron complex derived from Cp(CO)2FeMe serves as a catalyst both for C–C bond cleavage of MeCN and concomitant Si–C bond formation and for Si–C bond cleavage in silylcyanation. The catalytic reaction mechanism has been discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: NICKEL, PALLADIUM, AND PLATINUM COMPLEXES OF THE DITERTIARY STIBINE 1,3‐BIS(DIMETHYLSTIBINO)PROPANE (1978)

Abstract Der Titelligand (I) wird als farbloses extrem luftempfindliches Öl aus der Reaktion von Bromdimethylstibin mit Natrium in flüssigem Ammoniak und Zugabe von 1,3‐Dibrompropan erhalten.