gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aqueous Biphasic Hydrogenations (2002)

In addition to the useful physical properties of biphasic systems (easy separation of products and catalyst, facile catalyst reuse) aqueous media may largely influence the chemistry of catalytic reactions. By appropriate pH manipulations, the selectivity of hydrogenation of unsaturated aldehydes with ruthenium(II) phosphine catalysts was controlled from the exclusive formation of saturated aldehydes to that of unsaturated alcohols. Phase separation of the constituents of catalytic systems eliminated substrate inhibition (hydrogenation of aldehydes) and helped formation of catalytically active species ([RhH(PPh(3))(3)] from [RhCl(PPh(3))(3)] in hydrogenation of acetophenone). The reactive nature of H(2)O was revealed by fast catalysis of H/D exchange and deuteration processes.
Run-time detection of potential deadlocks for programs with locks, semaphores, and condition variables (2006)

Concurrent programs are notorious for containing errors that are difficult to reproduce and diagnose. A common kind of concurrency error is deadlock, which occurs when some threads are permanently blocked. This paper defines a run-time notion of potential deadlock in programs with locks, semaphores, and condition variables. Informally, an execution has potential for a deadlock if some feasible permutation of the execution results in a deadlock. Feasibility of a permutation is determined by ordering constraints amongst events in the execution. Previous work on run-time detection of potential deadlocks are for programs that use locks. This paper presents run-time algorithms to detect potential deadlocks in programs that use locks (block structured as well as non block structured), semaphores, and condition variables.
Streaming To Mobile Users In A Peer-to-Peer Network (2010)

Streaming video to mobile users is rapidly emerging as a crucial multimedia service. One of the stumbling blocks in mobile streaming is the heterogeneity found in mobile devices: diverse display size, computing power, memory, and media capabilities. Given this heterogeneity, video transcoding is often required to satisfy the requirements of different mobile users. In this paper, we propose a peer-to-peer (P2P) method for mobile streaming. In the proposed method, peers other than mobile users, called fixed nodes, contribute their computing power for transcoding. We further propose the interleaved distributed transcoding (IDT) scheme that allows multiple fixed nodes to perform transcoding for a mobile device. Distributed transcoding not only lowers computation at fixed nodes, but also achieves error resilience against packet loss. The IDT scheme conforms to the H.264/ AVC baseline profile, which requires no modification to decoders found in many mobile phones. We analyzed the effect of distributed transcoding under peer churn. Extensive simulations show that mobile streaming based on the proposed scheme is robust to packet loss due to peer churn and adverse wireless channel conditions.
Standardization, innovation and deployment of electronic referral software in Norway (2008)

The introduction of electronic referrals in Norway started in 1996, when the first standard for an electronic referral was developed. Subsequent implementations of electronic health record (EHR) systems have been tested by a national testing and approval service. Almost all the Norwegian EHR systems comply with the recommended standards, but the volume of electronic referrals remains low: only 8200 referrals were sent electronically in September 2007. In comparison, 125,000 electronic discharge summaries were sent during the same month. There are four elements that need to be in place before smooth communication can occur between the EHRs of the hospitals and the general practitioners. First, the regional health authorities must have a strategy for electronic cooperation. Second, various technical problems must be solved. Third, certain organizational problems must be addressed. Finally, electronic referrals should be used to support enhanced work processes and joint reception for referrals should be considered at larger hospitals.
Dictyostelium evolution, cell biology, and the development of multicellularity (2001)

Dictyostelia are soil amoebae capable of extraordinary feats of survival, motility, chemotaxis, and development. Characterised by their ability to transform from a single-celled organism into an elaborate assemblage of thousands of synchronously-moving cells, Dictyostelids are often referred to as 'social amoebae', and have been the subjects of serious study since the 1930s. Research in this area has been instrumental in understanding many problems in cellular biology. Beginning with the history of Dictyostelids and discussing each stage of their development, this book considers the evolution of this unique organism, analyses the special properties of the Dictyostelid genome, and presents in detail the methods available, at the time of the book's original publication in 2001, to manipulate their genes. Representing the synthesis of such material and with an emphasis on combining classical experiments with modern molecular findings, this book will be essential for researchers and graduates in developmental and cellular biology
Operating experience of the gate-roll coaters of newsprint papermachines at Jujo Paper Kushiro Mill. (1990)

Gate-roll coaters were installed on No.6 and No.7 newsprint papermachines of Kushiro Mill to improve surface strength of offset newsprint and the excellent coating performance has been achieved.This report will describe the operating conditions and equipments of the gate-roll coaters as well as characteristics of paper qualities.
Using a synthesised technique for grounded theory in nursing research (2009)

This method indicates how grounded theory has developed, where it might go next in nursing research and how it may continue to evolve.
Tentativas de criação de triatomíneos em laboratório por meio de alimentação "in vitro" (1991)

In order to simplify breeding of triatominae in the laboratory, for performing xenodiagnosis and other biologic studies, we tried to feed the insects "in vitro" with citrated or defibrinated blood from commercially abated chicken. Two types of efficacy observations were carried out with Triatoma infestans: a) analysis of the chaining of successive nymphal stages, viability of satisfactory matching, fertile oviposition and adequate reproduction; b) assessment of viability and infectivity of Trypanosoma cruzi in the insects. As a conclusion, it became evident that, despite operational easiness, the objectives were not achieved, since the classical procedure used as the control, was always superior.
ESD protective I/O serpentine block design (2002)

A way to modify the current standard I/O interface cable mating serpentine block design to add the capability of electrostatic charge bleeding of the signal inputs is proposed. This is accomplished during the initial cable plugging period, with the use of an I/O cable presence detection switch through a series resistor to ground (or other equivalent means, such as Zener diodes). When an I/O cable is plugged into the serpentine block, any personnel or cable electrostatic discharge (ESD) across the signal conductor input pin(s) will be bled off through the ground conductor almost upon contact. Then, via the cable presence detecting mechanism (switch), the normal data path will be restored only after the electrostatic charge has been bled off. The proposed I/O connector design has the following advantages over the manual mode of a electrostatic charge removal: it provides permanent ESD protection for I/O interface cards without worry about human error, and it allows concurrent maintenance where ESD events can be one of the detrimental factors to a continuous operating system. Preliminary tests have shown that this approach meets the anticipated preventive result against ESD damages.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Psychological correlates of obesity: Moving to the next research generation. (1995)

Studies comparing obese and nonobese persons have generally failed to find differences in global aspects of psychological functioning (e.g., depression, anxiety). The resulting conclusion, that obesity does not carry risk for psychological problems, is inimical to clinical impression, reports from overweight individuals, and a consistent literature showing strong cultural bias and negative attitudes toward obese persons. The often-cited notion that obesity has no psychological consequences may be an inevitable byproduct of the manner in which the first generation of studies in the field has been conducted. The authors propose a second generation of studies that begins with a risk factor model to identify the individuals who will suffer from their obesity and the areas of functioning most affected. Recommendations are also made for a third generation of studies that will establish causal pathways linking obesity to specific areas of distress.
ULTRASONOGRAPHY (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Ultrasonic interpretation is the crux of the issue between Drs. Oksala and Lehtinen, and us. Drs. Oksala and Lehtinen advocate the use of an isolated TAU which yields graphs, Figure 1, p. 353 (Arch. Ophthal.65:353, 1961). We oppose the adoption of this technique for general clinical diagnosis because it is impossible to establish uniform interpretative criteria with the data obtained by TAU, since every minor alteration of the transducer tissue geometry produces major changes in the TAU pattern (reference; Figure 3, p. 355, and Figure 4, p. 356 of the above article). Because of the infinite number of patterns produced by TAU, the graphs may be meaningful to the individual examiner, but cannot be interpreted by others. In contrast, cross-sections obtained by IMU may be viewed by any ophthalmologist, and a total retinal detachment could readily be identified as such. Granted that finer points of interpretation
Pro: Risk scores for chronic kidney disease progression are robust, powerful and ready for implementation (2017)

Accurate risk prediction for chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression can inform the patient-provider dialogue, and provide actionable thresholds for key clinical decisions. In 2011, we developed the kidney failure risk equations (KFREs) to predict the risk of kidney failure requiring dialysis or transplant in patients with CKD. Subsequently, the KFREs have been extensively validated, and have now been proven accurate in multiple continents, ethnicities and disease-specific subpopulations. They can discriminate progressors from non-progressors, and are well calibrated and easy to use. We believe that current and future studies should now focus on clinical implementation of the KFREs, through quality improvement initiatives and cluster randomized trials. A risk-based care paradigm for CKD care can be achieved through knowledge translation and implementation research.
mr-NIL 6000: new epoxy-based curing resist for efficient processing in combined thermal and UV nanoimprint lithography (2007)

We report the new epoxy-based curing resist mr-NIL 6000 designed for thermal NIL, where the curing reaction is initiated by UV exposure and concurrently occurs at elevated temperature, both preferably in the imprint machine. Especially for the application in NIL the requirements to a resist differ much from those in radiation-based lithography where epoxy-based resists have been used for many years. High sensitivity is vital for a short cycle time. The imprint temperature is determined by the glass transition temperature (T<sub>g</sub>) of the resist system before curing and roughly controls T<sub>g</sub> of the cured polymer, which on its part, affects the mold release temperature and the thermal stability of the imprints. An epoxy resin with low T<sub>g</sub> was chosen allowing imprinting at 100 °C or lower temperature. UV-coupled differential scanning calorimetry (Photo DSC) was applied to assist establishing the conditions of the resist processing. Optimum processing conditions were finally elaborated in imprinting tests. Flow tests were performed with the imprinted and cured resist patterns. The optimum imprint temperature was determined to be 100 °C. The imprinted patterns exhibited good dimensional stability up to at least 120 °C. This allows releasing the mold at the imprint temperature and running an isothermal process. The thermal stability is sufficient for subsequent processes, such as etching or metallization. The curing reaction during imprinting enables excellent pattern transfer fidelity and a high aspect ratio of the imprinted features. A short cycle time of ~ 1 min could be achieved so that the resist is promising for industrial applications.
Vaccinia virus ribonucleotide reductase expression and isolation of the recombinant large subunit. (1993)

The vaccinia virus gene encoding the 87-kDa protein that comprises the large subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (vvR1) was cloned into a bacterial expression vector under the control of an inducible promoter. Culture of Escherichia coli cells harboring the recombinant plasmid under standard induction conditions (0.4 mM isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside, 37 degrees C) resulted in synthesis of a completely insoluble product. Production of soluble vvR1 was achieved by growing bacteria at low temperature (15 degrees C) during the induction period, initiating induction at low cell density, and using a low concentration (0.05 mM) of the inducer isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside. Hydroxyurea, an inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, increased production of soluble vvR1 in a dose-dependent manner. Recombinant vvR1 was purified from a high salt extract of the E. coli lysate in four steps, the last utilizing an affinity column consisting of the carboxyl-terminal seven amino acids of the vvR2 protein linked to an insoluble resin. Using purified recombinant vvR2 to reconstitute active enzyme, we determined that maximizing the rate of CDP reduction required pH 8.0-8.8, 50 mM dithiothreitol, and 2 mM ATP. Specific activity of purified vvR1 was 122 nmol/min/mg. Limited proteolysis of the vvR1 protein revealed protease-resistant fragments approximately 30 and 58 kDa in size. To our knowledge, this study represents the first expression, solubilization, and isolation of a recombinant "eukaryotic" form of ribonucleotide reductase large subunit.
Low-Voltage Operational Active Inductor for LNA Circuit (2010)

A low voltage operational active inductor circuit is attractive for spiral-inductor-less LNA because of realizing high gain and low voltage operation simultaneously. In this paper, a simply structured low-voltage operational active inductor to enhance the amplifier gain is introduced and analyzed. This active inductor, which utilizes a transistor load operated in the triode region and a source follower, features a small DC voltage drop suitable for low voltage LNAs. An LNA using the active inductor load was designed with an input matching circuit using 90nm CMOS technology. The LNA tuned to 2.4GHz operation has 19.5dB of the internal gain. In addition, the frequency characteristics are easily varied by changing the capacitance value in the active inductor circuit. The core circuit occupies only 0.0026 mm2 and consumes 2.8mW with 1.2V supply voltage.
Stage dependence of the electrical resistivity of graphite intercalation compounds (1985)

The authors have examined the room-temperature basal-plane resistivity for a wide variety of acceptor (Br2, HNO3, AlCl3, GaCl3, FeCl3, SbCl5, NO2X (X=BF4, PF6, SbF6)) and donor (Li, K, Rb, Cs) graphite intercalation compounds. Plotted as a function of inverse stage, the resistivity first undergoes a rapid decrease until a dilute intercalation compound is formed; beyond this point to a saturated product forming, the conductivity change is significantly reduced. The contributing factors are discussed: the intercalation-produced dilation and defects, charge transfer between intercalant and host, its c-axis distribution and the mobility of the carriers involved.
Competitive advantage from the Internet (1997)

The Internet and World Wide Web, from their beginnings in research and academic institutions, are now becoming ubiquitous. Businesses are increasingly advertising their presence on the Internet. The authors look at how Web technologies can be harnessed to offer great advantages, both informationally and organisationally, to manufacturing companies.
The Effect of Injection Angle on Mixing and Flame Holding in Supersonic Combustor (2002)

注入一条超声的空气溪流的氢混合上的数字研究被解决二维的完整的海军司烧方程执行了。一个明确的 Harten-Yee Non-MUSCL Modified-flux-type TVD 计划被用来解决方程，和一个零方程的代数学的骚乱模型的系统计算旋涡粘性系数。这研究的主要目的是增加混合效率和一间超声的燃烧室的火焰成立能力。燃烧室的性能被改变作为积极就逆时针方向的方向而言与空气溪流的方向做的氢注射角度调查了。从左边界，向后面对的步高度和空气溪流的入口宽度的注射者职务被使经常。结果显示出那注射者在上游混合被再通行并且在统治下游地，混合被氢的集体集中统治。在上游的再通行为注射角度 60 掳和 90 掳是主导的。合并各种各样的效果，垂直注射证明最大的混合效率和它的大在上游的再通行区域有好火焰成立能力。
AN EVALUATION OF EMI POWER LINE FILTERS FOR SWITCHING POWER SUPPLIES (1998)

Power line filters are now present in almost all domestic and industrial applications. One major reason for installing a filter directly at the power entry point is the suppression of the conducted emissions that would otherwise be injected directly onto the power lines. Another reason is to suppress noise entering the equipment from the power lines. The continuous development of uninterruptib le power supplies implies more efficient and inexpensive line filters. This article presents a detailed description and evaluation of these
In vivo evidence that acyl coenzyme A regulates DNA binding by the Escherichia coli FadR global transcription factor (1997)

In vitro experiments point to fatty acyl coenzymes A (acyl-CoAs) rather than unesterified fatty acids as the small-molecule ligands regulating DNA binding by the FadR protein of Escherichia coli. To provide an in vivo test of this specificity, unesterified fatty acids were generated within the cellular cytosol. These fatty acids were found to be efficient modulators of FadR action only when the acids could be converted to acyl-CoAs.
Kinetic studies of enzymatic hydrolysis of insoluble cellulose: Analysis of the initial rates (1982)

A study was conducted on the kinetics of enzymatic hydrolysis of pure insoluble cellulose using unpurified culture filtrate Trichoderma reesei, with the emphasis on the initial reaction period. The initial hydrolysis rate and extent of enzyme (soluble protein)adsorption, either apparent or initial, were evaluated under various experimental conditions. It has been found that the various mass-transfer steps do not control the overall hydrolysis rate and that the hydrolysis rate is mainly controlled by the surface reaction step promoted by the adsorbed enzyme. It has also been found that the initial hydrolysis rate strongly depends on the initial extent of soluble protein adsorption and the effectiveness of the adsorbed soluble protein to promote the hydrolysis. The initial extent of soluble protein adsorption, in turn, is related to the initial cellulose concentration, enzyme concentration, and specific surface area of cellulose, whereas the effectiveness of the initially adsorbed soluble protein to promote the derived to interrelate these parameters without resorting to the Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The present result appear to imply that the role of enzyme-substrate complex formation should not be ignored in deriving a mechanistic kinetic model for enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose.
Teaching every student in the digital age: universal design for learning (2003)

Ensuring that all students achieve the same high standard of learning would be much easier if you could quickly and easily customize lesson plans and curriculum materials to each student's needs, interests, and skills level. Here's a book that explains how to make that ideal a reality. Explore the concept of Universal Design for Learning and how it can help you meet standards while you address the unique needs of each student. Drawing from brain research and the power of digital technology, the authors explain how to: Set appropriate goals for every student. Choose the teaching methods and materials that give every student optimum instructional support. Ensure the fair and accurate assessment of every student's progress. A school case study, a set of templates, and links to online resources get you started in applying the concepts to your classroom. A companion website offers interactive experiences, classroom videos, lessons, online discussions, interviews with experts, student case stories, resource links, and more in-depth information.
Time-parameterized queries in spatio-temporal databases (2002)

Time-parameterized queries (TP queries for short) retrieve (i) the actual result at the time that the query is issued, (ii) the validity period of the result given the current motion of the query and the database objects, and (iii) the change that causes the expiration of the result. Due to the highly dynamic nature of several spatio-temporal applications, TP queries are important both as standalone methods, as well as building blocks of more complex operations. However, little work has been done towards their efficient processing. In this paper, we propose a general framework that covers time-parameterized variations of the most common spatial queries, namely window queries, k-nearest neighbors and spatial joins. In particular, each of these TP queries is reduced to nearest neighbor search where the distance functions are defined according to the query type. This reduction allows the application and extension of well-known branch and bound techniques to the current problem. The proposed methods can be applied with mobile queries, mobile objects or both, given a suitable indexing method. Our experimental evaluation is based on R-trees and their extensions for dynamic objects.
EBL resist heating error and its correction (2006)

The temperature during electron-beam lithography (EBL) rises locally by a few tens or hundreds of degrees, causing change of resist sensitivity and leading to variation of critical dimensions. A method to increase the throughput of writing without causing additional linewidth error is necessary to reduce the cost of a mask. Two methods of correction were examined. In the first method, the exposure doses for individual flashes were adjusted so that the heating error was suppressed. The second correction method took into account the fact that the adjustment of exposure doses for individual flashes corrects for heating; however, it also changes proximity effects. In turn, dose modulation in proximity correction leads to different temperature increases. Both effects were taken into account simultaneously. The exposure doses of flashes were determined to correct for both effects.
A Secure QR Code System for Sharing Personal Confidential Information (2019)

Securing and hiding personal confidential information has become a challenge in these modern days. Due to the lack of security and confidentiality, forgery of confidential information can cause a big margin loss to a person. Personal confidential information needs to be securely shared and hidden with the expected recipient and he should be able to verify the information by checking its authenticity. QR codes are being used increasingly to share data for different purposes. In information communication, QR code is important because of its high data capacity. However, most existing QR code systems use insecure data format and encryption is rarely used. A user can use Secure QR Code (SQRC) technology to keep information secured and hidden. In this paper, we propose a novel SQRC system which will allow sharing authentic personal confidential information by means of QR code verification using RSA digital signature algorithm and also allow authorizing the information by means of QR code validation using RSA public key cryptographic algorithm. We implemented the proposed SQRC system and showed that the system is effective for sharing personal confidential information securely.