gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Transmission of Satellite Viruses of Tobacco Necrosis Virus by Olpidium brassicae (1968)

Summary None of four isolates of Olpidium brassicae (Wor.) Dang. (Olpidia 1, 2, 3 and 6) transmitted the original strain of satellite virus (sv 1). Two strains of satellite virus recently isolated (sv 2 and sv 3) were both transmitted, but sv 2 only by Olpidium 6 and sv 3 only by Olpidium 3. Hence different isolates of Olpidium seem to be specific vectors for different strains of satellite virus.
Application of an airborne hyper-spectral survey system CASI/SASI in the gold-silver-lead-zinc ore district of Huaniushan, Gansu, China (2021)

The airborne hyper-spectral survey system CASI/SASI, which has an integrated system for gathering both image an spectral data, is at the cutting edge developments in the remote-sensing field. It can be used to directly identify surface objects based on diagnostic spectral characteristics. In this paper, the CASI/SASI were used in the Huaniushan gold-silver-lead-zinc ore district–Gansu to produce a lithologic map, identify altered minerals, and map the mineralized-alteration zones. Radiometric correction, radiometric calibration, atmospheric correction (spectral reconstruction), and geometric corrections were carried out in ENVI to pre-process the measured data. A FieldSpec ® Pro FR portable spectrometer was used to obtain the spectral signatures of all types of rock samples, ore deposits, and mineralized-alteration zones. We extracted and analyzed the spectral characteristics of typical alteration minerals. On the basis of hyper-spectral data, ground-spectral data processing, and comparative analysis of the measured image spectrum, we used the spectral-angle-mapping (SAM) and mixture-tuned matchedfiltering (MTMF) methods to perform hyperspectral-alteration mineral mapping of wall rock and mineralized-alteration-zone hyperspectral identification. Hyperspectral- remote- sensing geological- classification maps were produced as well as distribution maps of all kinds of alteration minerals and mineralized-alteration zones. Based on geological comprehensive analysis and field investigations, the range of mineral alteration was proven to be the same as shown by the remote-sensing imagery. Indications are that airborne hyperspectral- remote-sensing -image CASI/SASI offer good application results and show a promising potential as a tool in geological investigations. The results will provide the basis for hyperspectral remote-sensing prospecting in the same or similar unexplored areas.
Swept-Frequency Sampled Grating Distributed Bragg Reflector Lasers Optimized for Optical Coherence Tomography Applications (2009)

Swept Frequency Source Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) requires high repetition rate and wide spectral width wavelength tunable sources at a low cost. The sampled grating distributed Bragg reflector (SG-DBR) laser provides wide wavelength tuning range while exhibiting a wavelength switching speed that is among the fastest currently available. The SG-DBR laser is used to generate linear frequency ramps with high repetition rates. Since the SG-DBR laser is currently used for the telecommunications industry in high volume, the price of the system is much lower than current OCT sources. Therefore the SG-DBR laser provides a practical solution for Swept Source OCT. Four synchronized waveforms sent to the inputs of the laser control the linear frequency ramp. Three of the waveforms control the output frequency, while the fourth waveform controls the output amplifier of the laser to keep the output power stable. Two SG-DBR lasers with overlapping wavelength coverage are also concatenated to increase the bandwidth of the swept frequency source. The linear ramp stitching points in the frequency ramps are investigated and methods are outlined to reduce them. Finally, experimental OCT tests are performed using the swept frequency sources created to analyze the linearity of our sources. From these test results, an evaluation can be made on the specifications and capabilities of the swept frequency sources and analyze their value for OCT applications.
Three pathogen‐inducible genes encoding lipid transfer protein from pepper are differentially activated by pathogens, abiotic, and environmental stresses* (2003)

The three cDNA clones, CALTPI, CALTPII, and CALTPIII, corresponding to pepper lipid transfer protein (LTP) genes were isolated from a pepper (Capsicum annuum) cDNA library from hypersensitive response (HR) lesions of leaves infected with Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. The CALTP genes are well conserved in their coding region with 57-72% identity at the amino acid level, but display 72-83% identity at the nucleotide sequence level. The transcripts of the three CALTP genes differentially accumulated in pepper leaf, stem, and fruit tissues infected by X. campestris pv. vesicatoria, Phytophthora capsici and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The CALTP genes were also strongly induced in the systemic, upper leaves after immunization on lower leaves by either pathogenic or non-pathogenic bacteria. In situ hybridization results showed that the CALTPI mRNA was localized in phloem cells of vascular tissues in pepper leaf, stem and fruit tissues after pathogen infection. CALTPI and CALTPIII genes were predominantly expressed in various pepper tissues infected by pathogens, while infection by P. capsici and C. gloeosporioides did not induce the transcription of the CALTPII gene. Ethylene, methyl jasmonate and abscisic acid induced CALTPI and III gene expression in pepper leaves. Drought, high salinity, low temperature and wounding stresses also induced the expression of the CALTPI and CALTPIII genes in a similar manner. In contrast, only high salinity induced the CALTPII expression that was not generally affected by abiotic and other environmental stimuli. When compared with each other and with LTPs from other plants, CALTPI is more distantly related than CALTPII and CALTPIII sequences, indicating that the three pepper CALTP genes represent two different classes. These results thus show that CALTPI and CALTPIII genes, although different in sequence structure, are transcriptionally activated in pepper tissues by pathogen infection as well as abiotic and environmental stresses.
Children's mental health: recommendations for research, practice and policy. (2000)

A recent study documented a large increase in prescriptions of stimulants and antidepressants among preschoolers, and has prompted public and professional concern about the effects of mood-altering drugs on young children. In response, the White House announced a broad initiative on children's mental health, including more government money for research, new labels on drugs for pediatric use, educational materials for parents, and a fall White House conference. To place these events in their larger context, this Issue Brief summarizes the findings of the Children's Mental Health Alliance Project, which conducted a multidisciplinary consensus conference in November 1998 followed by a year-long dialogue with clinicians, researchers, and families.
Editor's Introduction (1980)

"… there is not one single unofficial newspaper," declares the inaugural statement of the underground journal April 5th Forum, "in China's territory of 9.6 million square kilometers." (1) While most of the people have grown used to the state monopoly of publications in China, the realization of this anomaly compelled some young people to publish their own journals. Taking advantage of the liberal days before and after the Third Plenum of the Eleventh Central Committee (December 12-22, 1978), they set up backyard printing presses and bedroom editorial offices, printed as much as their limited paper and ink supplies allowed, and distributed their publications to outstretched hands at the foot of the Democracy Wall. A year later, after the conviction of Wei Jingsheng in October 1979, the arrest of Liu Qing for publishing the transcript of Wei's trial in November, and the banishment of Democracy Wall from Xidan to Yuetan in December, most of these journals had ceased publication. Thus after a full year's blooming and contending beginning in December 1978, some of the publishers were arrested, others were exiled to the provinces, and still others made their quiet exit under mounting pressure as the authorities threatened to compel compliance. (2) This and the following issue of Chinese Law and Government are devoted to documenting these first unofficial journals in the People's Republic of China.
Studies in Meat Tenderness. (1968)

SUMMARY— Changes during aging in the extractability of the myofibrillar proteins of meat from beef and rabbit carcasses have been examined, using a buffer which dissociates the actomyosin complex of the muscle cell. Approximately 52% of the myofibrillar proteins of unaged meat is extracted in 40 min at 2°C whereas from aged meat as much as 78% is extracted. The rate and extent of these changes are determined largely by the ultimate pH value of the meat. Similar increases in protein extraction, displaying the same pH dependence, occur during the aging of well‐washed myofibrillar preparations. The increase in the percentage of myofibrillar protein extracted during aging results from either a progressive weakening of the fibrous protein linkages with the insoluble stroma of the meat cell, or from a disintegration of the insoluble stroma itself.
Room-temperature fully recyclable carbon fibre reinforced phenolic composites through dynamic covalent boronic ester bonds (2018)

By utilizing the alcoholysis nature of boronate bonds, the CF/PBNR composites can be fully recycled at room temperature in ethanol solvent without sacrificing the mechanical properties.
Design and Synthesis of Target-Responsive Aptamer-Cross-linked Hydrogel for Visual Quantitative Detection of Ochratoxin A (2015)

A target-responsive aptamer-cross-linked hydrogel was designed and synthesized for portable and visual quantitative detection of the toxin Ochratoxin A (OTA), which occurs in food and beverages. The hydrogel network forms by hybridization between one designed DNA strand containing the OTA aptamer and two complementary DNA strands grafting on linear polyacrylamide chains. Upon the introduction of OTA, the aptamer binds with OTA, leading to the dissociation of the hydrogel, followed by release of the preloaded gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which can be observed by the naked eye. To enable sensitive visual and quantitative detection, we encapsulated Au@Pt core-shell nanoparticles (Au@PtNPs) in the hydrogel to generate quantitative readout in a volumetric bar-chart chip (V-Chip). In the V-Chip, Au@PtNPs catalyzes the oxidation of H2O2 to generate O2, which induces movement of an ink bar to a concentration-dependent distance for visual quantitative readout. Furthermore, to improve the detection limit in complex real samples, we introduced an immunoaffinity column (IAC) of OTA to enrich OTA from beer. After the enrichment, as low as 1.27 nM (0.51 ppb) OTA can be detected by the V-Chip, which satisfies the test requirement (2.0 ppb) by the European Commission. The integration of a target-responsive hydrogel with portable enrichment by IAC, as well as signal amplification and quantitative readout by a simple microfluidic device, offers a new method for portable detection of food safety hazard toxin OTA.
Boundary layer instability induced by surface suction (2001)

It is shown that suction nonuniformities may induce a new instability of the Blasius boundary layer that results in the generation of streamwise vortices. Addition of a uniform suction is not effective in controlling this instability. It is shown that nonuniformities of surface blowing may induce a similar instability and that the characteristics of this instability are also little affected by the magnitude of the blowing. Finally, it is shown that suction nonuniformities appear to have a minimal effect on the traveling (Tollmien–Schlichting) wave instability.
Acoustic reconstruction of the velocity field in a furnace using a characteristic flow model (2012)

An acoustic method can provide a noninvasive, efficient and full-field reconstruction of aerodynamic fields in a furnace. A simple yet reasonable model is devised for reconstruction of a velocity field in a cross section of a tangential furnace from acoustic measurements based on typical physical characteristics of the field. The solenoidal component of the velocity field is modeled by a curved surface, derived by rotating a curve of Gaussian distribution, determined by six characteristic parameters, while the nonrotational component is governed by a priori knowledge. Thus the inverse problem is translated into determination of the characteristic parameters using a set of acoustic projection data. First numerical experiments were undertaken to simulate the acoustic measurement, so as to preliminarily validate the effectiveness of the model. Based on this, physical experiments under different operating conditions were performed in a pilot-scale setup to provide a further test. Hot-wire anemometry and strip floating were applied to compare with acoustic measurements. The acoustic measurements provided satisfactory consistency with both of these approaches. Nevertheless, for a field with a relatively large magnitude of air velocities, the acoustic measurement can give more reliable reconstructions. Extension of the model to measurements of hot tangential furnaces is also discussed.
Understanding the Domestic Impact of International Norms: A Research Agenda (2000)

Scholarship on international norms has recently begun to explore how domestic-level structures and processes affect compliance. This literature has identified the domestic legitimacy of an international norm as an important variable in accounting for the effects of norms on state behavior. But scholars have devoted insufficient attention to measuring the legitimacy or salience of international norms in the domestic arena and to identifying the pathways that lead to domestic salience. We offer insights that could lead to more systematic studies of the domestic impact of international norms. First, we propose a framework to measure the domestic salience of an international norm. Second, we identify four pathways by which an international norm can enter the national arena and one factor that conditions its impact on domestic political processes. The paper concludes by suggesting directions for future empirical research.
Miniature CMOS Stacked Spiral-Coupled Directional Coupler With $-$67-dB Isolation and $-$ 0.8-dB Insertion Loss (2012)

This letter proposes a miniature CMOS stacked spiral-coupled (SSC) directional coupler for a fully integrated CMOS transceiver to isolate the large transmit power from the transmitter to the receiver. It consists of two 90 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> -rotated center-aligned SSC coils. The path center of one coil is aligned to the gap center of the other coil. The grounded secondary coil plays a role of ground shielding for reducing the insertion loss. Two capacitors are utilized for tuning the center frequency and isolation level. Fabricated in a standard CMOS process, it achieves an isolation of -67 dB, an insertion loss of -0.8 dB, and a coupling of -16.1 dB and only occupies 0.3×0.3 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of silicon area. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first CMOS directional coupler at the UHF band, with the smallest form factor when compared with other implementations of directional couplers.
Functionally Important Amino Acids in Rice Sucrose Transporter OsSUT1 (2012)

Six conserved, charged amino acids within membrane spans in rice sucrose transporter OsSUT1 were identified using a three-dimensional structural model based on the crystal structures of three major facilitator superfamily (MFS) proteins: LacY, GlpT, and EmrD. These positions in OsSUT1 were selected for mutagenesis and biochemical assays. Among the six mutants, D177N completely lost transport function, D331N retained only a small fraction of sucrose uptake activity (2.3% of that of the wild type), and R335H and E336Q also displayed a substantial decrease in transport activity. D329N functioned as well as wild-type OsSUT1. R188K did not transport sucrose but showed a H(+) leak that was inhibited by sucrose, indicating that R188K had uncoupled sucrose and H(+) translocation. This demonstrates that charged amino acids within membrane spans are important for the transport mechanism of OsSUT1 as they are in lactose permease.
Recent progress in GeSn growth and GeSn-based photonic devices (2018)

The GeSn binary alloy is a new group IV material that exhibits a direct bandgap when the Sn content exceeds 6%. It shows great potential for laser use in optoelectronic integration circuits (OEIC) on account of its low light emission efficiency arising from the indirect bandgap characteristics of Si and Ge. The bandgap of GeSn can be tuned from 0.6 to 0 eV by varying the Sn content, thus making this alloy suitable for use in near-infrared and mid-infrared detectors. In this paper, the growth of the GeSn alloy is first reviewed. Subsequently, GeSn photodetectors, light emitting diodes, and lasers are discussed. The GeSn alloy presents a promising pathway for the monolithic integration of Si photonic circuits by the complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology.
Stochastic Dynamics of El Niño–Southern Oscillation* (1999)

A stochastically forced nonlinear dynamic model for El Nin o-Southern Oscillation is advanced to explore the nature of the highly irregular ENSO cycle. The model physics includes nonlinear dynamics of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system, high-frequency stochastic forcing, and the annual forcing of a prescribed climatological basic state.
NOVEL HELICAL-PATH SURFACE WAVE DELAY LINE (1971)

A surface acoustic wave delay line has been constructed on quartz in which the path of the wave is approximately a helix. The line operated at 102 MHz and gave delays up to about 50 μsec at room temperature.
RETINOL-INDUCED STAGE SYNCHRONIZATION IN SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES OF THE RAT (1987)

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in rats causes a progressive germ cell depletion and cessation of spermatogenesis resulting in seminiferous tubules which contain only Sertoli cells, spermatogonia and a small number of preleptotene spermatocytes. Spermatogenesis can be rapidly restored by the administration of retinol. Our preliminary studies suggested a partial stage synchronization of many seminiferous tubules in VAD male rats subsequently treated with retinol. To confirm this observation and to achieve a better synchronization, VAD rats received 2 SC injections of retinol suspended in sesame oil followed by daily oral administrations of 0.5 mg of retinol. In all rats an almost perfect synchronous stage development of seminiferous tubules evolved in a predictable manner and was maintained through 2 spermiations.
Source level optimisation of VHDL for behavioural synthesis (1997)

Optimisation in high level behavioural synthesis is usually performed by applying transforms to the datapath and control graphs. An alternative approach, however, is to apply transforms at a higher level in the process, specifically directly to the behavioural source description. This technique is analogous to the way in which the source code of a conventional sequential programming language may be processed by an optimising compiler. The application of this kind of preprocessing to a number of example behavioural VHDL source descriptions (which are then fed into a ‘conventional’ synthesis system) produces structural descriptions which are up to 32% smaller and 52% faster.
Recognition of malignant melanoma by monoclonal antibody HMB‐45. An immunohistochemical study of 200 paraffin‐embedded cutaneous tumors (1988)

Antibodies to S-100 protein have been used widely as markers of malignant melanoma, despite abundant evidence that they are non-specific for this neoplasm. Hence, alternatives to these reagents are desirable in diagnostic dermatopathology. We evaluated the characteristics of a new monoclonal antibody (HMB-45) which does have putative specificity for melanoma, and compared it with a polyclonal anti-S-100 reagent in immunohistochemical staining of 67 melanomas of the skin and 133 non-melanomatous cutaneous neoplasms. All specimens were formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded, and were studied with the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique. HMB-45 labelled 62 of 67 melanomas, while anti-S-100 recognized all tumors of this type. On the other hand, S-100 also was expressed by 15 of the non-melanocytic neoplasms, all 133 of which were HMB-45-negative. The only cases of melanoma that were missed by the latter reagent were of the spindle-cell type. Hence, HMB-45 was 100% specific and 93% sensitive, relative to a diagnosis of malignant melanoma in paraffin sections. Epithelioid and small-cell neoplasms are reliably recognized by this antibody, but it would appear that spindle-cell melanomas must be detected by other immunohistochemical means.
외국인 자본유출입 특징과 국내금융시장의 파급효과 (2012)

본 연구에서는 외국인 자본유출의 특징, 결정요인, 국내 금융시장으로의 파급효과를 실증한다. 분석결과 주요 국제유동성 지표 (TED 스프레드, CDS 프레미엄)의 악화는 국내 자본유입에 부정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 일본의 국가부도 위험은 외국인 채권투자에 유의적인 영향을 미쳤다. 국제금융시장의 불안정성 지표(VIX 등)는 외국인 포트폴리오 투자에 2007-8년을 전후 한 시기에 공히 부정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 또한 외국인 채권과 주식 투자는 대체자산이라기 보다는 동일한 자산군에 속한 투자로 판단된다. 주요국 (미국, 독일, 일본, 중국)의 주가,미국의 국채 수익률과 동일 방향으로 움직이고 있어 국내금융시장은 소위``boom and bust`` 주기에 노출된 것으로 분석된다. 직접적인 자본통제가 어렵다는 점을 감안할 때 외국인 자본이득 및 은행자본에 대한 경기반향적(countercyclical)인 정책이 필요하다고 판단된다.
L’archipel du lac Saint-Pierre : terre d’eau (2000)

En 1603, Samuel de Champlain remonte le Saint-Laurent et decouvre « un pays encore meilleur qu'aucun autre que j'eusse vu ». Ce petit coin de paradis, c'est l'archipel du lac Saint-Pierre, un pays entre terre et eau en voie de recevoir le statut de reserve mondiale de biosphere.
Cytogenetic studies on patients of acute lymphoblastic leukemia Burkitt's type with (8;14) & (14;18) translocations. (1994)

Eight patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia of Burkitt's type (ALL-L3) and two patients with Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) were subjected for cytogenetic studies. Translocation (8;14)(q24;q32) was present in nine (90%) patients; seven patients of ALL-L3 and two of BL. One ALL-L3 patient revealed t(14;18)(q32;q21) in 100 per cent metaphases. Additional clonal chromosomal anomalies present in these patients were deletion (6q) (40%) and trisomy 21(20%). The occurrence of t(8;14)(q24;q32) in ALL-L3 and BL patients in our series supports the association of t(8;14) with ALL-L3 and Burkitt's lymphoma.
Autofocus system for microscope (2002)

A technique is developed for microscope autofocusing, which is called the eccentric light beam approach with high resolution, wide focusing range, and compact construction. The principle is described. The theoretical formula of the eccentric light beam approach deduced can be applied not only to an object lens whose objective plane is just at the focal plane, but also to an object lens whose objective plane is not at the focal plane. The experimental setup uses a semiconductor laser device as the light source. The laser beam that enters into the microscope is eccentric with the main light axis. A defocused signal is acquired by a symmetrical silicon photocell for the change of the reflected light position caused by differential amplification and processed by a microprocessor. Then the electric signal is power-amplified and drives a dc motor, which moves a fine working platform to an automatic focus of the microscope. The result of the experiments shows a ±0.1-?m precision of autofocusing for a range of ±500-?m defocusing. The system has high reliability and can meet the requirements of various accurate micro measurement systems.
Contributors, August, 1967 (1967)

Contains an entry for each author and coauthor included in this issue of the publication.