gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface-Engineered Magnetic Nanoparticle Platforms for Cancer Imaging and Therapy (2011)

Enormous efforts have been made toward the translation of nanotechnology into medical practice, including cancer management. Generally the applications have fallen into two categories: diagnosis and therapy. Because the targets are often the same, the development of separate approaches can miss opportunities to improve efficiency and effectiveness. The unique physical properties of nanomaterials enable them to serve as the basis for superior imaging probes to locate and report cancerous lesions and as vehicles to deliver therapeutics preferentially to those lesions. These technologies for probes and vehicles have converged in the current efforts to develop nanotheranostics, nanoplatforms with both imaging and therapeutic functionalities. These new multimodal platforms are highly versatile and valuable components of the emerging trend toward personalized medicine, which emphasizes tailoring treatments to the biology of individual patients to optimize outcomes. The close coupling of imaging and treatment within a theranostic agent and the data about the evolving course of an illness that these agents provide can facilitate informed decisions about modifications to treatment. Magnetic nanoparticles, especially superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), have long been studied as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Owing to recent progress in synthesis and surface modification, many new avenues have opened for this class of biomaterials. Such nanoparticles are not merely tiny magnetic crystals, but potential platforms with large surface-to-volume ratios. By taking advantage of the well-developed surface chemistry of these materials, researchers can load a wide range of functionalities, such as targeting, imaging and therapeutic features, onto their surfaces. This versatility makes magnetic nanoparticles excellent scaffolds for the construction of theranostic agents, and many efforts have been launched toward this goal. In this Account, we introduce the surface engineering techniques that we and others have developed, with an emphasis on how these techniques affect the role of nanoparticles as imaging or therapeutic agents. We and others have developed a set of chemical methods to prepare magnetic nanoparticles that possess accurate sizes, shapes, compositions, magnetizations, relaxivities, and surface charges. These features, in turn, can be harnessed to adjust the toxicity and stability of the nanoparticles and, further, to load functionalities, via various mechanisms, onto the nanoparticle surfaces.
Preparation of Monoclonal Antibodies Using Ion Exchange Chromatography (2000)

One of the most successful methods for the preparation of pure monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is ion exchange chromatography. It is not dependent on the reaction of immunoglobulins with immobilized ligands, as is the case of adsorption chromatography, which uses either protein A or G, but on the charge of the biomolecules. Some immunoglobulins bind only weakly or not at all to protein A or G, and for these molecules ion exchange is the method of choice. Additional advantages of ion exchange are its high resolving power, high capacity (capable of large scale purification), and the relative ease with which it can be controlled.
BOARD OF REVIEWERS (2015)

Dr. Emmanuel Nicholas Abakah Dr. Faizah Eliza Abdul Talib Dr. Farah Natchiar Mohd Khaja Dr. Fatemeh Khonamri Dr. Gerard Sagaya Raj a/l A.Rajoo Dr. Haji Mohammad Seman Dr. Hasmidar Hassan Dr. Intan Safinaz Zainudin Dr. Ivie Carbon Esteban Dr. Javad Gholami Dr. Muhammad Nur Latif Dr. Nik Farhan Mustapha Dr. Roy Soh Dr. Seyed Ahmad Kasaian Dr. Sharifah Raihan Syed Jaafar Dr. Siti Hajar Che Man Dr. Zalina Mohd Kasim De La Salle University, Manila Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Eastern Illinois University, United State Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Universiti Sains Malaysia Universiti Putra Malaysia Universiti Putra Malaysia Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana University of Education, Winneba–Ghana Universiti Teknologi MARA Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris University of Mazandaran, Babolsar Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Universiti Malaya Universiti Sains Malaysia Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UCSI University Urmia University, Iran Universiti Hassanuddin, Makassar Universiti Putra Malaysia Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Farhangian University, Iran Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Universiti Sains Malaysia Universiti Putra Malaysia
Sympathetic Skin Nerve Activity and Skin Temperature Changes in Man (1974)

Abstract Simultaneous recordings of skin temperature and efferent sympathetic impulse activity in cutaneous nerve fascicles were made in two healthy subjects and in one patient with paraplegia due to a transverse lesion of the spinal cord at the level of the first lumbar segment. In the patient the recordings were made below the level of the lesion in a skin area deprived of sensibility but with preserved temperature responses to indirect heating and cooling. The sympathetic nerve activity showed the same characteristics both in the paraplegic patient and in the healthy subjects. Evoked changes in sympathetic nerve activity were followed by changes in skin temperature of the same type in all three subjects. The demonstration of concomitant changes in evoked sympathetic nerve activity in a peripheral nerve and in skin temperature in the corresponding skin area strongly supports the concept that the cutaneous thermoregulatory vasomotor response (CTVR), is a consequence of changes in efferent sympathetic nerve activity. The results demonstrate that loss of somatic sensation and voluntary motor function can be combined with a functionally intact efferent sympathetic pathway below the level of a “complete” lesion of the spinal cord.
Melphalan: old and new uses of a still master drug for multiple myeloma (2007)

The treatment of multiple myeloma has seen significant changes from the initial use of melphalan to the introduction of stem cell transplantation and, most recently, to the era of novel targeted agents. Melphalan still remains as a reference drug for combination regimens, including emerging newer therapeutic options, either used at a standard dose for initial or salvage treatments in patients who are not eligible for more intensive therapies, or in conjunction with new molecules within high-dose chemotherapy programs. In this review, the authors analyze old and novel regimens, including melphalan for the treatment of newly diagnosed or relapsed/resistant patients with multiple myeloma in the clinical settings of standard chemotherapy, as well as autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
Prediction of epileptic seizures using bispectrum analysis of electroencephalograms and artificial neural network (2004)

No doubt reliable electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis methods capable of predicting the epileptic seizures would be of great value. This paper presents a new approach, based on bispectrum analysis of EEGs and artificial neural network(ANN), which predicts seizures in seven patients with epilepsy. Eight channels of EEG were collected in each subject in Epilepsy Center of Xijing Hospital. The maximum magnitude and the weighted center of EEG bispectrum (WCOB) were extracted from the EEG bispectrum contour and a four layer(24-10-2-1) ANN was employed for prediction. Training and testing the ANN used the 'leave one out' method. The proposed system was able to correctly predict the succedent seizures and prediction times are from 12 to 24 seconds, prior to the onset of epileptic seizures.
Pulmonary Fibrosis in Sarcoidosis. Clinical Features and Outcomes (2013)

Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease with a predilection for the respiratory system. Although most patients enter remission and have good long-term outcomes, up to 20% develop fibrotic lung disease, whereby granulomatous inflammation evolves to pulmonary fibrosis. There are several radiographic patterns of pulmonary fibrosis in sarcoidosis; bronchial distortion is common, and other patterns, including honeycombing, are variably observed. The development of pulmonary fibrosis is associated with significant morbidity and can be fatal. Dyspnea, cough, and hypoxemia are frequent clinical manifestations. Pulmonary function testing often demonstrates restriction from parenchymal involvement, although airflow obstruction from airway-centric fibrosis is also recognized. Complications of fibrotic pulmonary sarcoidosis include pulmonary hypertension from capillary obliteration and chronic aspergillus disease, with hemoptysis a common and potentially life-threatening manifestation. Immunosuppression is not always indicated in end-stage sarcoidosis. Lung transplantation should be considered for patients with severe fibrotic pulmonary sarcoidosis, as mortality is high in these patients.
A transition architecture to SONET networks (2002)

In their migration to SONET (synchronous optical network), network providers will be faced with the need to operate both their present asynchronous and their growing synchronous networks simultaneously. Operating these combined networks will require innovative approaches to the unique characteristics of both networks. One means to provide a transition strategy for today's network toward SONET is a mediation device. An architecture for a mediation device supporting both asynchronous and synchronous network equipment is presented. The common view of the network will follow the Bellcore TA-200 recommendation for X.25 and TL/1. The architecture is based on the INM system developed by the NEC.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Language Development in Infants with Reference to Social Deprivation (1970)

The Walsall Seminar was most concerned to involve the agents of the other social services alongside the education service in tackling the problems of language deprivation. It is with great pleasure therefore that we print the following contribution by a senior officer in the City of Birmingham Public Health Department where Dr. Mahon is Senior Administrative Medical Officer for the Personal and Child Health Service.
Radio-triggered wake-up capability for sensor networks (2004)

Power management is an important technique to prolong the lifespan of sensor networks. Many power-management protocols employ wake-up/sleep schedules, which are often complicated and inefficient. We present power management schemes that eliminate such wake-up periods unless the node indeed needs to wake up. This type of wake-up capability is enabled by a new radio-triggered hardware component. We evaluate the potential power saving in terms of the lifespan of a sensor network application, using experiment data and SPICE circuit simulations. Comparing the result with always-on and rotation-based power management schemes, we find the radio-triggered scheme saves 98% of the energy used in the always-on scheme, and saves over 70% of the energy used in the rotation-based scheme. Consequently, the lifespan increases from 3.3 days (always-on) or 49.5 days (rotation-based) to 178 days (radio-triggered). Furthermore, a store-energy technique can extend operating distance from 10 feet to 22 feet, or even longer if longer latency is acceptable. We also present amplification and radio-triggered IDs which can further enhance performance.
Geometry Simplification For InteractiveVisualization Of Complex Engineering Data (1970)

Interactive walkthroughs in complex engineering data allow to check various spatial properties such as manufacturability, operability and maintenability. These data are so voluminous that various stratagems are necessary to achieve real time frame rates on current graphics workstations. A very common sratagem is to define for each object several levels of detail in order to choose the appropriate level at each frame. The choice of a specific level of detail can depend on various factors: performances must not be obtained at the cost of an important degredation of image quality, except perhaps when the viewer moves rapidly inside the scene. Some techniques for simplifying geometries are reviewed as well as some methods for selecting simplified objects. Some examples of applications are then given.
Lock-in camera based heterodyne holography for ultrasound-modulated optical tomography inside dynamic scattering media (2016)

Ultrasound-modulated optical tomography (UOT) images optical contrast deep inside scattering media. Heterodyne holography based UOT is a promising technique that uses a camera for parallel speckle detection. In previous works, the speed of data acquisition was limited by the low frame rates of conventional cameras. In addition, when the signal-to-background ratio was low, these cameras wasted most of their bits representing an informationless background, resulting in extremely low efficiencies in the use of bits. Here, using a lock-in camera, we increase the bit efficiency and reduce the data transfer load by digitizing only the signal after rejecting the background. Moreover, compared with the conventional four-frame based amplitude measurement method, our single-frame method is more immune to speckle decorrelation. Using lock-in camera based UOT with an integration time of 286 <i>μ</i>s, we imaged an absorptive object buried inside a dynamic scattering medium exhibiting a speckle correlation time ([Formula: see text]) as short as 26 <i>μ</i>s. Since our method can tolerate speckle decorrelation faster than that found in living biological tissue ([Formula: see text] ∼ 100-1000 <i>μ</i>s), it is promising for <i>in vivo</i> deep tissue non-invasive imaging.
<i>Clostridium paraputrificum</i>Bacteremia Associated with Colonic Necrosis in a Patient with AIDS (2015)

Clostridium species are anaerobic Gram-positive rods that can cause a broad range of invasive infections in humans, including myonecrosis and bacteremia. Importantly, clostridial bacteremia is frequently associated with underlying medical conditions, such as colonic malignancy. Characterizing Clostridium spp. and understanding their associated clinical disease spectrum are paramount to provide optimal treatment, thereby decreasing morbidity and mortality especially in those with underlying debilitating comorbidities. Clostridium paraputrificum is an infrequently isolated Clostridium species and its clinical significance has not been well described. We herein report a case of bacteremia due to C. paraputrificum in a 65-year-old man with AIDS who developed acute colonic necrosis complicated by septic shock. We then review other cases of bacteremia associated with C. paraputrificum in the literature in addition to discussing the clinical significance of anaerobic bacteremia in general. To our knowledge, our report is the second case of C. paraputrificum bacteremia in a patient with AIDS.
Understanding the Interaction Between Human Serum Albumin and Anti-Bacterial/ Anti-Cancer Compounds (2015)

Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most important carrier of exogenous and endogenous molecules in human plasma. Understanding and characterizing the interaction of drugs with HSA has attracted enormous research interests from decades. The nature and magnitude of these bindings have direct consequence on drug delivery, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, therapeutic efficacy and drug designing. An overview of HSA and antibacterial/ anti-cancer ligands interaction is the need of the hour as these drugs together constitute more than half of the total drug consumption in the world. In this review, the information on the number of binding sites, binding strength, the nature of binding interactions and the location of binding sites of such drugs on the HSA are summarised. The effect of such drugs on the overall conformation, stability and function of HSA is also reviewed. This review will help to gain useful insights into the significance of the binding of anti-bacterial and anti-cancer drugs with plasma protein and the effect of binding on its overall distribution and pharmacological activities.
Chromatographic Separation of Aldosterone and Its Metabolites (2021)

Excessive secretion of several of the nonaldosterone adrenocortical steroids has been reported in patients with hypertension, particularly those with low renin essential hypertension. Higher levels of several of these steroid hormone metabolites have been correlated with the development of hypertension both in experimental animals and in humans. The mineralocorticoid aldosterone plays an important role in the kidney by regulating active sodium transport (antinatriuresis) and potassium excretion (kaliuresis), and hence fluid balance. High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was then investigated to develop a rapid fingerprinting system for the separation and isolation of the reduced and polar neutral metabolites of aldosterone in these tissues. These metabolites possess a wide range of polarities. An Improved HPLC system with reproducible and good resolution of the polar neutral metabolites of aldosterone also has been developed, employing either a gradient of aqueous acetonitrile or a stepwise elution with various percentages of aqueous acetonitrile.
Push-pull optical detector integrated circuit (1980)

This paper presents the design of a push-pull photodetector IC developed for optical encoder applications. The IC features independence of LED brightness, temperature-independent hysteresis, and analog and digital outputs. The circuit uses a nonlinear signal processing scheme which takes special advantage of monolithic construction.
Oxidative Stress-mediated Apoptosis (2002)

The sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide, the principal active component in medicinal plants, has been used conventionally to treat migraines, inflammation, and tumors. However, the antitumor effects of parthenolide and the mechanism(s) involved are poorly understood. We found that parthenolide effectively inhibits hepatoma cell growth in a tumor cell-specific manner and triggers apoptosis of hepatoma cells. Parthenolide triggered apoptosis in invasive sarcomatoid hepatocellular carcinoma cells (SH-J1) as well as in other ordinary hepatoma cells at 5-10 microm concentrations and arrested the cell growth (at G(2)/M) at sublethal concentrations (1-3 microm). During parthenolide-induced apoptosis, depletion of glutathione, generation of reactive oxygen species, reduction of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, activation of caspases (caspases-7, -8, and -9), overexpression of GADD153 (an oxidative stress or anticancer agent inducible gene), and subsequent apoptotic cell death was observed. This induced apoptosis could be effectively inhibited or abrogated by an antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine, whereas l-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine enhanced it. Furthermore, stable overexpression of GADD153 sensitized the cells to apoptosis induced by parthenolide, and this susceptibility could be reversed by transfection with an antisense to GADD153. Parthenolide did not alter the expression of Bcl-2 or Bcl-X(L) proteins during apoptosis in hepatoma cells. Oxidative stress may contribute to parthenolide-induced apoptosis and to GADD153 overexpression in a glutathione-sensitive manner. The sensitivity of tumor cells to parthenolide appears to result from the low expression level of the multifunctional detoxification enzyme glutathione S-transferase pi. Finally, parthenolide and its derivatives may be useful chemotherapeutic agents to treat these invasive cancers.
Microinjection into Xenopus Oocytes and Embryos (2003)

The ease of obtaining large numbers of Xenopus laevis eggs and oocytes together with their size and robust nature have made them a popular choice when microinjection of macromolecules into a cell is required for protein expression and modification studies, protein function analysis, RNA processing and stability analysis, gene expression investigations, and for studying development. Historically, such microinjection experiments were reported as early as 1971; thus, the advantages and pitfalls of using this technique are well known and have been the subject of review (1,2). Here, the uses to which these techniques have been put will be outlined and then the preparation of oocytes and embryos, the microinjection apparatus, and the process of microinjection will be described in detail.
A low energy HEVC sub-pixel interpolation hardware (2014)

Sub-pixel interpolation is one of the most computationally intensive parts of High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) video encoder and decoder. Therefore, in this paper, a low energy HEVC sub-pixel (half-pixel and quarter-pixel) interpolation hardware, which uses Hcub multiplierless constant multiplication algorithm, is proposed. The proposed HEVC sub-pixel interpolation hardware, in the worst case, can process 30 quad full HD (3840×2160) video frames per second. It has up to 48% less energy consumption than original HEVC sub-pixel interpolation hardware.
Lignans from the Rhizomes of Coptis japonica Differentially Act as Anti-Inflammatory Principles (2001)

Coptis japonica Makino (Ranunculaceae) is known to possess several biological activities such as anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, five lignans, isolariciresinol (1), lariciresinol glycoside (2), pinoresinol (3), pinoresinol glycoside (4) and syringaresinol glycoside (5), isolated from the rhizomes of C. japonica were tested to evaluate their in vitro anti-inflammatory effects. Pinoresinol and isolariciresinol showed higher inhibitory effects on TNF-alpha production, whereas syringaresinol glycoside strongly suppressed lymphocyte proliferation. The results indicate that the lignans may differentially modulate inflammatory cell responses, suggesting that these compounds may participate in anti-inflammatory processes by C. japonica.
Object-Oriented Graph Grammars for Computational Design Synthesis (2013)

The research field of Computational Design Synthesis (CDS) aims to support product development through formalization and automation of knowledge-intensive design tasks, e. g., to increase development efficiency and innovative power. However, CDS still has little acceptance in industry primarily due to the high effort required for knowledge and task formalization. To address this challenge, the thesis introduces object-oriented graph grammars combining rule- and model-based knowledge formalization to enable the generation of complex, graph-based product architectures. Further, a method for the automated formalization of physical effects from paper-based design catalogues is presented. The methods are validated on two case studies for the synthesis of automotive hybrid powertrains and aircraft cabin layouts using the developed software framework booggie.
A Mesh Data Structure for Rendering and Subdivision (2006)

Generating subdivision surfaces from polygonal meshes requires the complete topological information of the\noriginal mesh, in order to find the neighbouring faces, and vertices used in the subdivision computations.\nNormally, winged-edge type data-structures are used to maintain such information about a mesh. For rendering\nmeshes, most of the topological information is irrelevant, and winged-edge type data-structures are inefficient\ndue to their extensive use of dynamical data structures. A standard approach is the extraction of a rendering mesh\nfrom the winged-edge type data structure, thereby increasing the memory footprint significantly.\nWe introduce a mesh data-structure that is efficient for both tasks: creating subdivision surfaces as well as fast\nrendering. The new data structure maintains full topological information in an efficient and easily accessible\nmanner, with all information necessary for rendering optimally suited for current graphics hardware. This is\npossible by disallowing modifications of the mesh, once the topological information has been created. In order to\navoid any inconveniences due to this limitation, we provide an API that makes it possible to stitch multiple\nmeshes and access the topology of the resulting combined mesh as if it were a single mesh. This API makes the\nnew mesh data structure also ideally suited for generating complex geometry using mesh-based L-systems.