gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Simulation Investigations of Porosity Graded Cathodes in Mitigating Battery Degradation of High Voltage Lithium-Ion Batteries (2017)

LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) is one of the high potential cathodes for lithium-ion batteries due to high operating voltage (4.7 V vs. Li) and high specific energy (650 Wh·kg−1). However, severe accelerated performance degradation occurring especially at the interface between electrode and electrolyte, hinder the implementation of the LNMO. In this work, porosity-graded cathodes are designed to mitigate LNMO degradation. The LNMO is synthesized using the solid-state reaction. We confirm the crystalline phase and electrochemical performance of the synthesized LNMO via X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) are utilized. The porosities are measured by both 2-D imaging method (i.e., through ImageJ) and 3-D pore size analyzer in this study. Cycling tests show that porosity-graded cells reduce the capacity fade about 8.285% in full cell and 5.29% in half-cell, respectively. The porosity increase can improve the conductivity and diffusivity of lithium-ions through the electrode. Also, solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation can be varied and controlled when the porosity is different inside the electrode. Furthermore, we adopted Elitist Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) to demonstrate the porosity-grading as a strategy for mitigating battery degradation.
Undergraduate Science Education: A Review of Research (1996)

(1996). Undergraduate Science Education: A Review of Research. Studies in Science Education: Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 1-85.
Adsorption of bacteriophages phi 29 and 22a to protoplasts of Bacillus subtilis 168 (1977)

Adsorption of bacteriophages phi 29 and 22a to protoplasts of Bacillus subtilis 168 is described. The number of binding sites on bacilli and protoplasts is determined for each phage. Bacilli and protoplasts possess roughly the same number of sites per unit area for phi 29, i.e., approximately 700 sites per bacillus. There are also approximately 700 sites per bacillus for 22a, but only about one-third as many sites per unit area on the protoplast surface. A model for phi 29 adsorption is proposed.
External Radiation Dosimetry (2015)

Radiation dosimetry encompasses the theory and application of principles and techniques associated with the measurement of ionizing radiation. While there is concern regarding exposure to radiation both externally and internally, this article refers only to exposure to radiation that is external to the body. Particular focus is put on methods of radiation detection and the application of these radiation detectors to the assessment of the energy deposited (i.e., the absorbed dose) in the human body. The article includes an introductory section to define terms and explain concepts as well as brief discussions of the dosimeters used in radiation protection.
Cell cycle regulation of dihydrofolate reductase mRNA metabolism in mouse fibroblasts. (1980)

We have used the technique of DNA-excess filter hybridization to measure directly the content and metabolism of the mRNA for dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR; 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.5.1.3). The studies were conducted with a methotrexate-resistant derivative of mouse 3T6 fibroblasts (M50L3) that overproduces the enzyme and its mRNA by a factor of 300 but regulates the level of the enzyme during the cell cycle in the same manner as normal 3T6 cells. We found that, when resting (G0) M50L3 cells were serum-stimulated to reenter the cell cycle, the 10-fold increase in the rate of synthesis of DHFR that occurs at the beginning of S phase was the result of a corresponding increase in DHFR mRNA content. In pulse-labeling experiments, we found that there was a similar increase in the rate of production of the mRNA just prior to S phase. However, the half-life of the mRNA was the same (7.5 hr) in resting and exponentially growing cells. Therefore, the increase in DHFR mRNA content was due to an increase in the rate of production rather than an increase in the stability of the message. The delay between addition of [3H]-uridine to the culture medium and the emergence of DHFR mRNA from the nucleus was 15-20 min for both resting and growing M50L3 cells. A similar delay was observed for total mRNA. Therefore, the time required for the processing of newly synthesized DHFR heterogeneous nuclear RNA into DHFR mRNA is about the same as that for the average mRNA.
Investigation of the Selenium Status of Aborted Calves with Cardiac Failure and Myocardial Necrosis (1997)

Lesions of heart failure, specifically cardiac dilation or hypertrophy along with a nodular liver (chronic passive congestion) and ascites, have been found in 4-5% of aborted bovine fetuses. In this study, a group of 22 such fetuses was compared with groups of aborted fetuses without lesions of heart failure and with nonaborted fetuses obtained from a slaughterhouse. The fetuses were necropsied, tissues were taken for histopathology, and samples were collected for routine bacteriologic and virologic examinations. Liver and kidney tissue was saved for selenium analysis. Histopathologic examinations of myocardium of fetuses with cardiac failure revealed myocardial necrosis and mineralization in 7 fetuses, lymphocytic myocarditis in 5 fetuses, myocardial fibrosis in 5 fetuses, or no microscopic lesions in 5 fetuses. Mean liver selenium levels were 5.5 mumol/kg in the fetuses with heart lesions, 6.5 mumol/kg in the fetuses without heart lesions and 7.5 mumol/kg in fetuses from the slaughterhouse; these differences were statistically significant. The results suggest that selenium deficiency in bovine fetuses may cause myocardial necrosis and heart failure. This study also provides data on normal liver and kidney selenium levels in bovine fetuses from the analyses of 19 nonaborted fetuses.
Automated COBOL code generation for SNAP-I CAI development and maintenance procedures (1988)

In designing and implementing a computer aided instruction (CAI) prototype for the Navy Management System Support Office (NAVMASSO) as part of the Shipboard Nontactical ADP Program (SNAP), Data Systems Engineering Organization (DSEO) personnel developed techniques for automating the production of COBOL source code for CAI applications. This report discusses the techniques applied, which incorporate the use of a database management system (DBMS) to store, access, and manipulate the data necessary for producing COBOL source code automatically. The objective for developing the code generation techniques is to allow for the production of future applications in an efficient and reliable manner. This report covers the standards and conventions defined, database tables created, and the host language interface program used for generating COBOL source files. The approach is responsible for producing 85 percent of an 830,000 line COBOL application, in approximately one year's time. This code generation program generated transaction processing routines to be executed under the DM6TP NAVMASSO distributed processing environment on the Honeywell DPS-6 minicomputers, representing the standard SNAP-I environment.
Design of a nonlinear HVAC control system with thermal load estimation (2002)

This paper presents the design of a nonlinear disturbance rejection controller for a heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system with thermal load estimation. The availability of the thermal loads estimate allows the controller to keep comfort regardless of the thermal loads affecting the thermal space being heated or cooled. Simulation results are used to demonstrate the potential of keeping comfort and save energy of this methodology on a variable-air-volume HVAC system.
The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Gambling (2013)

In recent years, there has been a substantial rise in interest among academics and policymakers in the economics of gambling. A concomitant trend has been the implementation of major regulatory changes and modifications to the taxation of gambling markets in several nations. Examples include a fundamental change in the U.K. in 2001 from a turnover-based tax on betting operators to a tax based on gross profits, resulting in the effective abolition of taxation levied directly on bettors, followed in 2005 by extensive reforms to the gambling sector resulting from introduction of the Gambling Act. In the U.S., passage of the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006 had profound implications for the global online gambling sector. There have also been numerous regulatory changes to gambling in Europe, Asia, and Australia. These changes and rising concern regarding revenue generated from this activity have heightened interest in understanding the economics of this sector. Despite growing interest in the economics of gambling, there is no comprehensive source of path-breaking research on this topic. The purpose of this handbook is to fill this gap. Specifically, we divide the handbook into sections on casinos, sports betting, racetrack betting, betting strategy, motivation, behaviour and decision-making in betting markets, prediction markets and political betting, and lotteries and gambling machines.
Detection of glutamic acid decarboxylase-activated T cells with I-A<sup>g7</sup>tetramers (2000)

CD4(+) T cells selected by the type 1 diabetes associated class II MHC I-A(g7) molecules play a critical role in the disease process. Multivalent MHC/peptide tetramers have been used to directly detect antigen-specific T cells. Detection of autoantigen-activated CD4(+) T cells with tetramers should be very helpful in the study of the roles of these cells in diabetes. We report here the generation of tetramers of I-A(g7) covalently linked to two glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) peptides and the detection of GAD peptide-activated T cells from nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. The I-A(g7) heterodimers can form stable complexes with a covalently bound GAD peptide and can stimulate antigen specific T cells. Furthermore, I-A(g7)/GAD peptide tetramer can detect most if not all of the antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells from immunized NOD mice. Antigen-specific T cells detected by the tetramers can up-regulate their CD4 expression on the cell surface after being restimulated with the GAD peptides in vitro. In contrast, the tetramers can detect a percentage of T cells in lymph nodes and spleens and T cells infiltrating islets from nonimmunized mice that is not significantly above the background. Therefore, T cells specific for the GAD peptides are present in NOD mice at a frequency too low to be detected, but immunization of NOD mice can facilitate their detection by tetramers.
LY146032: activity and resistance development <i>in vitro</i> (1987)

LY146032, a new lipopeptide antibiotic, was compared with vancomycin, teicoplanin, cefamandole and ciprofloxacin, against 107 clinical isolates comprising methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus faecalis and Corynebacterium spp. All staphylococci were susceptible to all agents, except that some of the methicillin-resistant strains were resistant to cefamandole. Only LY146032 and ciprofloxacin were bactericidal to Str. faecalis. Development of resistance was studied by serial transfers of ten selected strains. A stable greater than or equal to eight-fold increase of the MIC over the breakpoint was found to develop to a variable extent against all agents tested. Simultaneous development of resistance to any of the other antibiotics was registered in 11/200 tests.
Detection of Telomerase hTERT Gene Expression and Its Splice Variants by RT-PCR (2004)

The finite growth potential of normal cells is termed “cellular senescence” and its regulation appears to involve specialized DNA structures known as telomeres that exist at the ends of all eukaryotic chromosomes (1). Human telomeres consist of tandem nucleotide repeats of 6 bp, TTAGGG. They act as protective caps, stabilizing the chromosomes and preventing their degradation and aberrant recombination during cell division. However, they also have the potential to act as a molecular counting mechanism, marking the number of cell divisions. As chromosomes are replicated during cell division, approx 50 bp of telomeric material are lost because of incomplete replication of the lagging strand, termed “the end-replication problem.” In the telomeric clock model, after a certain number of cell divisions, the telomere becomes truncated to a critical level, generating a signal that results in cessation of cell division and senescence (1–3).
Development of Integrated Process Simulation System Model for Spent Fuel Treatment Facility (SFTF) Design: Quarterly Report October 1-December 31, 2004 (2004)

The Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative (AFCI) and Transmutation Research Program- University Participation Program (TRP-UPP) supported by Department of Energy of the United States have been developing many important technologies for the transmutation of nuclear waste to address long-term disposal issues. While successfully embedding AMUSE module into a dedicated System Engineering Model (TRPSEMPro), developed by the Nevada Center for Advanced Computational Methods (NCACM) at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas collaborating with Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), ANL is interested in further simulating the Light Water Reactor (LWR) Spent Fuel Treatment Facility (SFTF) combining commercial process simulation and analysis packages and core calculation of the AMUSE that derived for using with the UREX+ process. The designed SFTF will receive, temporarily store, and prepare spent nuclear fuel for leaching. The major objectives of this research proposal are to develop a framework for simulating the Spent Fuel Treatment Facility (SFTF) process using AMUSE code, commercial process package such as ASPEN-PLUS, HYSYS and PRO/II and system engineering model such as TRPSEMPro’s flexible parameter optimization modules, to develop a middleware package that can communicate between the AMUSE code and any selected commercial packages, to extend the existing system engineering model for optimization process that includes process simulation results, and to include a scenario based database system that efficiently reports required information as chart output using web-based programming, and Microsoft Visual Basic (MS VB).
The cell cycle of symbiotic <i>chlorella</i>: IV. DNA content of algae slowly increases during host starvation of green hydra (1986)

The distribution of DNA content of symbiotic Chlorella algae freshly isolated from green hydra was compared with that of cultured Chlorella of the NC64A strain, using flow cytometry. In nonlogarithmic cultures of NC64A most cells had accumulated in G1 phase, while in logarithmic cultures a peak containing cells in S phase and mitosis could be distinguished from the larger G1 peak. However, symbiotic algae showed a single broad peak in which there was no clear distinction between G1 and S phase/mitosis. When hydra were starved for a prolonged period, inhibiting host cell and algal division, the DNA content of the symbiotic algae slowly increased, and the number of daughter cells produced after a single feeding increased with the length of the preceding period of starvation. This suggests that symbiotic algae are able to cycle slowly through S phase, but unless the host is fed they cannot traverse into mitosis and complete the cell division cycle. No significant difference in cell size was found between algae producing either four or eight daughter cells after 1-day- or 22-day-starved hydra were fed, suggesting that algal cell size did not determine the number of daughter cells produced. Instead, this may be dependent upon the length of time the cell had spent in S phase prior to receiving the, as yet unknown, stimulus to enter into mitosis.
Tetrasaccharide iteration synthesis of a heparin-like dodecasaccharide and radiolabelling for in vivo tissue distribution studies (2013)

Heparin-like oligosaccharides mediate numerous important biological interactions, of which many are implicated in various diseases. Synthetic improvements are central to the development of such oligosaccharides as therapeutics and, in addition, there are no methods to elucidate the pharmacokinetics of structurally defined heparin-like oligosaccharides. Here we report an efficient two-cycle [4+4+4] tetrasaccharide-iteration-based approach for rapid chemical synthesis of a structurally defined heparin-related dodecasaccharide, combined with the incorporation of a latent aldehyde tag, unmasked in the final step of chemical synthesis, providing a generic end group for labelling/conjugation. We exploit this latent aldehyde tag for (3)H radiolabelling to provide the first example of this kind of agent for monitoring in vivo tissue distribution and in vivo stability of a biologically active, structurally defined heparin related dodecasaccharide. Such studies are critical for the development of related saccharide therapeutics, and the data here establish that a biologically active, synthetic, heparin-like dodecasaccharide provides good organ distribution, and serum lifetimes relevant to developing future oligosaccharide therapeutics.
Metformin (dimethyl-biguanide) induced DNA damage in mammalian cells (2011)

Metformin (dimethyl-biguanide) is an insulin-sensitizing agent that lowers fasting plasma-insulin concentration, wherefore it's wide use for patients with a variety of insulin-resistant and prediabetic states, including impaired glucose tolerance. During pregnancy it is a further resource for reducing first-trimester pregnancy loss in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome. We tested metformin genotoxicity in cells of Chinese hamster ovary, CHO-K1 (chromosome aberrations; comet assays) and in mice (micronucleus assays). Concentrations of 114.4 μg/mL and 572 μg/mL were used in in vitro tests, and 95.4 mg/kg, 190.8 mg/kg and 333.9 mg/kg in assaying. Although the in vitro tests revealed no chromosome aberrations in metaphase cells, DNA damage was detected by comet assaying after 24 h of incubation at both concentrations. The frequency of DNA damage was higher at concentrations of 114.4 μg/mL. Furthermore, although mortality was not observed in in vitro tests, the highest dose of metformin suppressed bone marrow cells. However, no statistically significant differences were noted in micronuclei frequencies between treatments. In vitro results indicate that chronic metformin exposure may be potentially genotoxic. Thus, pregnant woman undergoing treatment with metformin should be properly evaluated beforehand, as regards vulnerability to DNA damage.
PROFILE OF ACUTE POISONING CASES TREATED IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL: A STUDY IN NAVI MUMBAI (2014)

Background: Periodic epidemiological studies are necessary to understand the pattern of poisoning in each region. This study was designed to evaluate the pattern of acute poisoning cases treated in a tertiary care hospital in Navi Mumbai, India. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre during July 2012 to July 2013. All cases of poisoning admitted to the hospital were included in this study. The patients’ data were obtained from medical records and were documented on a pre-structured proforma. Results: A total of 74 cases of acute poisoning were studied, of which 51.4% were men. Most of the patients aged 20 to 29 years (44.6%). In majority of cases, the route of exposure to poison was oral (86.5%). Most of the patients reside in urban areas (52.7%). Most of the patients were Hindus (85.1%) followed by Muslims (14.9%). The exposure mostly occurred between 6:00 pm to 12:00 am (30% of cases). The majority of poisonings (44.6%) was due to consumption of household products followed by pesticides (14.9%) and pharmaceutical agents (13.5%). Neurologic manifestations were the most common clinical findings (64.8%) followed by gastrointestinal manifestations (37%). All patients were treated successfully with no mortality. There was a significant correlation between gender and intention of poisoning (P < 0.001), as the suicidal attempts were higher in women (69.4%). Moreover, a significant relationship existed between marital status and intention of poisoning (P = 0.016) as the suicidal poisonings were most common among married individuals (45.7%).  Conclusion:The trend in poisoning is never static. Household products were identified as the main cause of poisoning in urban areas of India. Educational programs with more emphasis on preventive measures are necessary to create awareness among the general public. How to cite this article: Patil A, Peddawad R, Verma VCS, Gandhi H. Profile of Acute Poisoning Cases Treated in a Tertiary Care Hospital: a Study in Navi Mumbai. Asia Pac J Med Toxicol 2014;3:36-40.
The Reaction between Lauroyl Peroxide and Dimethylaniline in the Presence of Benzoic Acid and its p-Substituted Derivatives or Water (1963)

過酸化ジアシルとアミンとの反応は,安息香酸の添加によって促進される。この反応を動力学的に研究するため,安息香酸あるいはその核置換誘導体(p-CH3O-,p-Cl-,p-NO2-) の存在下で, ジメチルアニリン(DMA) による過酸化ラウロイル(LPO)の分解,およびLPO-DMA系を開始剤とするスチレンの重合速度について実験した。その結果,安息香酸の作用はその核に電子吸引基を導入することにより増大し,電子供与基の導入により減少する傾向を示し,この反応系でのLPOの分解速度(-d[P]/dt)およびスチレンの重合速度(Rp)はそれぞれ(1)および(2)式で示されることを認めた。-d[P]/dt=k1[P]+k2[P][A]+k3[P][A][S](1)Rp=K[P]1/2{1+k2/2k1[A]+k3/2k1[A][S]}1/2(2)k1,k2およびk3はそれぞれLPOの自己分解,DMAによる分解および安息香酸の存在下でのDMAによる分解の速度定数を示す。[P],[A]および[S]はLPO,DMAおよび安息香酸の濃度である。また,水の存在下で安息香酸の場合と同じように,LPOとDMAの反応を行なったが,LPOの分解速度やスチレンの重合速度は無水の場合より大きく,水は過酸化物にたいして安息香酸と同様な役割を果していることが認められた。
Pharmacokinetic characteristics of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) (2016)

Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are routinely prescribed for the management of a variety of neurologic and psychiatric conditions, including epilepsy and epilepsy syndromes. Physiologic changes due to aging, pregnancy, nutritional status, drug interactions, and diseases (ie, those involving liver and kidney function) can affect pharmacokinetics of AEDs. This review discusses foundational pharmacokinetic characteristics of AEDs currently available in the United States, including clobazam but excluding the other benzodiazepines. Commonalities of pharmacokinetic properties of AEDs are discussed in detail. Important differences among AEDs and clinically relevant pharmacokinetic interactions in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and/or elimination associated with AEDs are highlighted. In general, newer AEDs have more predictable kinetics and lower risks for drug interactions. This is because many are minimally or not bound to serum proteins, are primarily renally cleared or metabolized by non-cytochrome P450 isoenzymes, and/or have lower potential to induce/inhibit various hepatic enzyme systems. A clear understanding of the pharmacokinetic properties of individual AEDs is essential in creating a safe and effective treatment plan for a patient.
Effect of fatty acid on the formation of ITO nanocrystals via one-pot pyrolysis reaction (2014)

ITO nanocrystal dispersions were synthesized by direct pyrolysis of the as-synthesized indium–tin carboxylate precursors without using additional organic solvents.