gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning of bovine embryos from vitrified donor blastomeres (1999)

The use of cryopreserved in vitro produced bovine embryos as nuclear transfer donors was assessed. Day 4 or 5 morulae were vitrified and warmed using the open pulled straw method and used as donors for nuclear transfer. Although the proportion of morulae and blastocysts that developed from nuclear transfer embryos derived from day 5 vitrified embryos did not differ from that derived from fresh embryos (16.7 and 24.3%, respectively), development to blastocysts was reduced when vitrified donor cells were used (8.3 and 19.1%, respectively). Likewise, development to morulae and blastocysts was not different between nuclear transfer embryos derived from day 4 vitrified embryos allowed to recover for 24 h, and day 5 vitrified embryos allowed to recover for 1-2 h (27.7 and 15.6%, respectively), but the development to blastocysts was reduced when day 5 vitrified donor cells were used (23.2 and 10.0%, respectively). However, in nuclear transfer embryos derived from either day 4 vitrified or day 5 fresh donors, no differences were observed in development rates to morulae and blastocysts (34.3 and 36.3%, respectively) or to blastocysts alone (20.2 and 18.1%, respectively). Nor were there differences in the development rates of fresh or day 4 or day 5 vitrified in vitro produced (non-nuclear transfer) embryos (47.9, 51.0 and 35.5% developing to blastocysts at day 7, respectively). In vitro produced embryos and nuclear transfer embryos derived from day 4 vitrified or day 5 fresh donors were transferred to recipients at morula or blastocyst stage at day 6 or 7. The pregnancy rates were similar in both groups of nuclear transfer embryos, but higher in the control group consisting of in vitro produced embryos (47, 42 and 67%, respectively). In conclusion, if vitrified donor embryos are allowed to recover for 24 h after warming, their use in nuclear transfer results in similar efficiencies to those achieved with fresh embryos.
The Prognostic and Diagnostic Value of Whole-Body Diffusion-Weighted MRI and 18 F-FDG PET/CT in Lymphoma Patients (2014)

Poster: ECR 2014 / C-1337 / The Prognostic and Diagnostic Value of Whole-Body Diffusion-Weighted MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT in Lymphoma Patients by: F. Mosavi, C. Wassberg, D. Molin, H. Ahlstrom; UPPSALA/SE
Characterization and Modeling of Dynamic Thermal Behavior in CMP (2003)

Existing models of chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) focus on the impact of pressure, velocity, slurry, and pad parameters on material removal rate. To complement these models, we present a model and experimental data for thermal effects in CMP. The energy source and thermal loss mechanisms are calculated and an energy balance formulation is used to predict the energy exchanged between the pad and slurry flowing over it. Experiments are shown to be consistent with this prediction, suggesting that the most significant elements are accounted for. We also describe the dynamic aspect of the process whereby heat is accumulated in the pad during polish and lost to the slurry flowing over the pad while it rotates around before entering under the head again. Our studies indicate that this heating and cooling cycle may be responsible for the transient behavior observed at the beginning of each polish. To analyze the transient thermal behavior observed in the pad, we propose a lumped parameter dynamic model. Simulation results are seen to match well with experimental data for copper polishes. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Solid phase synthesis (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolid phase synthesisD. C. Neckers Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 11, 695Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1975Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 November 1975Published inissue 1 November 1975https://doi.org/10.1021/ed052p695RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1087Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (5 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Data discovery, access and retrieval (2012)

S. Kempler (Auth./ed.)1 with; G.G. Leptoukh1, R.K. Kiang1, R.P. Soebiyanto1, D.Q. Tong2, P. Ceccato3, S. Maxwell4, R.G. Rommel4, G.M. Jacquez4, K.K. Benedict5, S.A. Morain5, P. Yang6, Q. Huang6, M.L. Golden7, R.S. Chen7, J.E. Pinzon8, B. Zaitchik9, D. Irwin10, S. Estes10, J. Luvall10, M. Wimberly11, X. Xiao12, K.M. Charland13, R.P. Stumpf14, Z. Deng15, C.E. Tilburg16, Y. Liu17, L. McClure18, & A. Huff19 1NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, US 2SISS, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, US 3IRI, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, US 4BioMedware, Ann Arbor, MI, US 5EDAC, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, US 6George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, US 7SEDAC, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, US 8SSAI, Lanham, MD, US 9Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, US 10Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, US 11South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, US 12University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, US 13Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, US 14NOAA National Ocean Service, Silver Spring MD, US 15Civil & Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, US 16University of New England, Biddeford, ME, US 17School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, US 18University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, US 19Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, USABSTRACT: This chapter explores the complex, and sometimes frustrating, world of data discovery, access, delivery and use by reference to the US National Aeronautics & Space Administration’s (NASA’s) public health applications portfolio in 2011. It also provides examples of global information system applications in health.
Gas Purge for Switching from Electrolysis to Fuel Cell Operation in Polymer Electrolyte Unitized Reversible Fuel Cells (2010)

Unitized reversible fuel cells (URFCs) combine the functionality of a fuel cell (FC) and of an electrolyzer (Ely) in a single device. In polymer electrolyte URFCs, gas purging is crucial in switching from the Ely to the FC operation. A gas purge model was developed here to clarify the relationship between the purge time and the gas flow rate. The model considers evaporation and diffusion of liquid water in the gas diffusion layer and membrane. To validate our model, we compared model predictions of high frequency resistance vs purge time with experimental results for two URFCs of different sizes at different purge flow rates. The simulated curves agree well with the experimental curves.
Studies on the Molecular Basis for C1s Action and Comparison of C1s with Other Tryptic Proteases (1976)

Abstract One of the principal problems in current complement research is our understanding of the molecular basis of complement action. In order to probe the molecular biology and specificity of the serine protease, C1̄s, it was compared with three human proteases. The proteases examined were the serum enzymes C71̄s, thrombin and plasmin, and the pancreatic enzyme trypsin. An assay procedure using the simple synthetic chromophoric esters N-carbobenzoxy-l-tyrosine-p-nitrophenyl ester and N-carbobenzoxy-l-lysine-p-nitrophenyl ester as substrates was developed. A group of over 20 mono- and di-substituted benzamidines, known as competitive inhibitors of bovine tryptic enzymes, were used to probe the active sites. The inhibition constants obtained were correlated with factors describing the lipophilicity and electronic character of the inhibitors using multiparameter regression analysis. Marked similarities were noted between C1̄s and the other enzymes. The difference between the enzymes with respect to their inhibition profiles can be interpreted on a molecular basis to account for some of the specificity shown by these enzymes. (NIH Grants AM 17351-02, AI 11231-01, and AI 00264-01, post-docroral.)
Changes in Adipose Tissue Depots and Metabolic Markers Following a 1-Year Diet and Exercise Intervention in Overweight and Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (2014)

Weight loss of 7-10% from an ILI over 1 year reduced SAT and VAT and prevented an increase in IMAT. Reductions in AT depots were associated with improvements in biomarkers.
ISDN Application in the Army Environment (1992)

Abstract : The Army has identified Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) as a major component of the future Army communications architecture to support the Information Area (IMA). This report identifies those applications in the Army environment which would benefit from use of the ISDN.... ISDN, B-channel, D- channel, LAPD protocol, Terminal Equipment
Usability Engineering bei der Entwicklung von iDrive (Usability Engineering accompanying the Development of iDrive) (2002)

„Erweiterte Funktionsangebote für den Fahrer, neue MMI- Technologien und trotzdem verkehrssichere und komfortable Handhabung” – in diesem Spannungsfeld bewegen sich neue Interaktionskonzepte für Fahrzeuge. Am Beispiel von iDrive, dem Bedienkonzept der neuen 7er Reihe von BMW, werden wichtige Schritte der Entwicklung eines solchen Konzeptes erläutert, die verdeutlichen, wie dieser Zielkonflikt gelöst werden kann.
New strategies in polymeric biomaterials functionalisation (2007)

INTRODUCTION: The development of biodegradable polymers is suitable for a variety of biomedical applications. Polyurethanes (PUs) have been widely employed as elastomeric biomaterials due to their excellent mechanical properties and relatively good biocompatibility. A series of polyester-urethanes were synthesised. Furthermore both surface and bulk modification strategies were performed in order to obtain bioactive materials able to elicit specific cellular responses and directing new tissue formation.
On the Cause of Sudden Death in Parturient Women (1860)

Original and Selected Communications from The New England Journal of Medicine — On the Cause of Sudden Death in Parturient Women — Read before the Boston Society for Medical Observation, and Communicated for the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal
040  The Temporal Expression of the TGF-Beta Pathway in the Rabbit Ear Model of Hypertrophic Scarring (2008)

Introduction: There is extensive data implicating the role of the TGF-beta pathway in hypertrophic scarring. However, few studies have examined the temporal expression of the various TGF-beta cytokines and their receptors. Purpose: This study sought to determine the temporal mRNA expression of TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2, TGF-beta3, TGFR-I, TGFR-II, Smad-3, and collagen I in a rabbit ear model of hypertrophic scarring compared to smaller, nonhypertrophic control scars. Methods: In an established model of hypertrophic scarring, 7 mm (hypertrophic) and 5 mm (nonhypertrophic control) punch wounds were made on the ears of 12 rabbits. Wounds were harvested at days 7, 15, 28, and 40. Histologic evaluation was performed on all scars in order to validate the model. Real-time RT-PCR was performed to compare mRNA expression between the various time points. Results: At day 7, the 5 mm wounds had epithelialized to a greater extent than the 7 mm wounds. At day 28 and 40, the 7 mm scars were hypertrophic compared to the 5 mm control scars. In both 7 mm and 5 mm scars, TGF-beta1 and beta3 levels declined over time. In 7 mm scars, TGF-beta2 peaked at day 28, TGFR-I levels peaked at day 15, and TGFR-II and Smad-3 remained stable over time. As expected, collagen I expression peaked at day 28. In the 5 mm scars, TGF-beta2 levels remained stable, TGFR-I levels peaked at day 28, while levels of TGFR-II and Smad-3 declined slightly over time. Collagen I expression peaked at day 15. Conclusions: The up-regulation of TGF-beta2 mRNA expression in hypertrophic but not flat scars indicates that it may be important to scar hypertrophy. The sustained expression of TGFR-II and Smad-3 in hypertrophic scars compared to controls suggests that the role of the TGF-beta family in the process of hypertrophic scarring is complex. This study was supported by an NIH grant (5R01GM063825-03) awarded to T.A. Mustoe.
Evaluation of Solid Ammonium Formate Oxidation for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (2007)

We have first attempted to develop high performance and safe fuel cells using ammonium formate as solid (powder) fuel. This solid fuel has potential to realize safe portability compared with liquid fuel such as methanol from the viewpoint of toxicity and flammability. In order to make use of some advantages of ammonium formate, we investigate oxidation characteristics of ammonium formate toward Pt electrode. From cyclic voltammograms, ammonium formate has high activity to be oxidized with a Pt electrode. We have found that oxidation of ammonium formate can be improved by additional Ir catalysts with Pt catalysts. There is a high potentiality that ammonium formate is useful as solid (powder) fuel for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells. This new fuel will be driving force of developing safe fuel cells for PEM.
Electron heating by lower hybrid waves in the PLT tokamak (1988)

Lower hybrid waves with a narrow, high-velocity wave spectrum have been used to achieve high central electron temperatures in a tokamak plasma. Waves with a frequency of 2.45 GHz launched by a sixteen-waveguide grill at a power level less than 600 kW were used to increase the central electron temperature of the PLT plasma from 2.2 to 5 keV. Associated with this temperature increase was an apparent reduction in the central electron thermal diffusivity. The magnitude of the temperature increase depends strongly on the phase difference between waveguides and on the direction of the launched wave.
A Simple Sol−Gel Processing for the Development of High-Temperature Stable Photoactive Anatase Titania (2007)

A method for the preparation of anatase TiO2, which is stable to a temperature as high as 900 °C, without using any complex cationic dopants is presented. The synthetic procedure involves the reaction of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) followed by hydrolysis and sol−gel conversion to the xerogel and further calcination. The retention of the anatase phase to high temperatures can be attributed to the presence of small amounts of fluorine in the lattice, which is gradually removed between 500 and 900 °C as confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis. Samples prepared with a 1:16 TTIP/TFA composition calcined at 900 °C showed significantly higher photocatalytic activity compared to the control sample, standard commercial photocatalyst Degussa P25, and samples prepared using acetic acid and oxalic acid. The high-temperature anatase phase stability, determined by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, coupled with its high crystallinity, microporosity, and minimal oxygen vacancy contributes to improved photocatalytic activity.
Tumor necrosis factor induces glomerular damage in the rabbit. (1989)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a polypeptide hormone produced by activated macrophages detectable in the circulation of experimental animals given endotoxin. Recent evidence strongly suggests that many of the deleterious effects of endotoxin in experimental animals are mediated by TNF. Because endotoxemia in experimental animals and humans is associated with glomerular damage the present investigation was designed to establish whether TNF directly induces glomerular functional and structural changes. Twenty-three rabbits were given human recombinant TNF at the doses of 0.08, 0.8, and 8.0 micrograms/kg/h as a continuous 5-hour intravenous infusion. Animals were killed at the end of the infusion. All rabbits given 0.8 and 8.0 micrograms/kg/h TNF developed anemia (Ht value decrease at 5 hours: 0.8 microgram/kg/h, 15%; 8.0 micrograms/kg/h, 16%); leukopenia (leukocyte count decrease at 5 hours: 0.8 micrograms/kg/h, 47%; 8.0 micrograms/kg/h, 59%); thrombocytopenia (platelet count decrease at 5 hours; 0.8 micrograms/kg/h, 45%; 8.0 micrograms/kg/h, 57%). Rabbits given 8.0 micrograms/kg/h also had renal failure (serum creatinine from 1.02 +/- 0.15 to 1.64 +/- 0.34 mg/dl). By light microscopy only occasional polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the glomerular capillaries were detectable in rabbits infused with 0.08 micrograms/kg/h TNF, whereas with 0.8 micrograms/kg/h TNF the presence of inflammatory cells in the glomerular capillaries was the prominent finding. With 8.0 micrograms/kg/h TNF beside leukocyte accumulation, fibrin was detected in the glomerular capillary lumens of two of eight animals. Electron microscopy found dose-dependent glomerular endothelial cell damage in animals given TNF with fibrinlike material in the capillary lumens. Glomerular changes induced by TNF were remarkably similar to those previously found in animals given endotoxin. Thus, TNF is likely to be the mediator of endotoxin-induced glomerular damage and can be regarded as a new mediator of macrophage-dependent damage in glomerulonephritis.
Comments on the debate over the proposal to redefine UTC (2014)

In 2015 the World Radio Conference (WRC) is scheduled to consider a proposal that would redefine Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) through the elimination of leap seconds after a specified date. This paper discusses the benefits and drawbacks of the proposition. In general, terrestrial systems would be simplified and rendered more reliable in the absence of leap seconds, while systems that utilize the current near-equality between UT1 and UTC would require some adjustments. The systems that would benefit the most from a redefinition are related to commerce and navigation.
Microstructure and Thermal Diffusivity Investigations of RF-Sputtered Tantalum Nitride Films (2002)

Tantalum nitride films were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering. The thermal diffusivity of these films was measured using a traveling thermal wave method. The measured values of thermal diffusivity are within the range 0.10–0.15 cm2/s with a deviation ±0.01 cm2/s and proportional to the nitrogen contents. The incorporation of oxygen impurity in the TaN films was found not available as examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spetroscopy (XPS) quantitative analyses. TEM examination shows that the microstructure in TaN film, deposited with an N2/Ar flow ratio 1:19, is composed of metallic particles dispersed in an amorphous matrix. High resolution TEM photograph reveals that the amorphous structure further contains a nano-crystalline phase embedded in a continuous amorphous phase. The nano-crystalline particles are characterized as hexagonal Ta2N phase with a lattice spacing d110=3.05 Å. By XPS Ta(4f) spectra, some Ta–N and Ta–O signals were evidenced to co-exist in a broadened peak. Furthermore, by FTIR analysis, a new vibration not reported before in the literature was found at 1118 cm-1 that has been assigned to the Ta–N–O linkage in the films.
Experimental and Quantum Chemical Study of the Reaction CF<sub>2</sub> + CH<sub>3</sub> ↔ CF<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> → CH<sub>2</sub>CF<sub>2</sub> + H:  A Key Mechanism in the Reaction between Methane and Fluorocarbons (2006)

The reaction of CHClF2 with CH3Br was studied over the temperature range of 773−1123 K at atmospheric pressure in an alumina tubular reactor. At temperatures <923 K, the major products are C2F4 and CH2CF2. The rate of formation of CH2CF2 increases with temperature and, at 1123 K, CH2CF2 becomes the dominant product. Other important products detected include CH4, CH2Br2, C2H2, C2H4, CH3Cl, and C3H2F4 (CH2CFCF3). It is concluded that the formation of CH2CF2 occurs via the reaction of CH3 with CF2. To support this conclusion, the potential energy surface for reaction between the carbene, CF2, and the radical (CH3) has been investigated by quantum chemical techniques, using density functional (B3LYP//6-31G(d)) and MP2//6-31G(d) methods. Stationary points on the surface have been computed at a high level of theory, using G3B3 methods. Recombination between CF2 and CH3 initially produces the intermediate, CF2CH3, which then forms CH2CF2 and elemental hydrogen. Simulations using the MultiWell suite of programs indicate that, over the temperature range of 700−2000 K, there is essentially no stabilization of CF2CH3 and that the reaction between CF2 and CH3 leads only to the production of CH2CF2 and elemental hydrogen. Over the temperature range of 700−2000 K, the rate constant for CF2 + CH3 → CH2CF2 + H can be well approximated by the expression 2.1 × 1013T -0.207 cm3 mol-1 s-1.
Alignment of Mesostructured Silica on a Langmuir-Blodgett Film (1999)

Biomimetic control over the hierarchical structure of inorganic materialsusing ordered organic surfaces can give rise to elongation and uniaxial alignment, shown here for mesostructured silica particles (see Figure). The alignment direction was normal to the axis of the polymer chains of the Langmuir–Blodgett film, which indicates that an alignment mechanism different from the rubbing method dominates this alignment.
Synthesis of the Host Molecule Having Crown Ether and Cyclophane Units (1985)

Synthesis and complexation of cylindrical , crownrnacropolycyclic host molecule, of which schematical shape is shown in Fig. 1, is reported.The host consists of Q -bridge crown and cyclophane units and two bridges.The molecular assembly of 1 has two kinds of binding forces such as electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions.BY means of
A performance-driven router for RF and microwave analog circuit design (2002)

Techniques are proposed for the routing of very high-frequency circuits. In this approach, performance sensitivities are used to derive a set of bounds on critical parasitics and to generate weights for a cost function which drives an area router. In addition to these bounds, design often requires that the length of interconnect lines be equal to predefined values, The routing scheme enforces both types of constraints in two phases. During the first phase all parasitic constraints are enforced on all nets. Equality constraints are enforced during the second phase by expanding each net simultaneously while ensuring that no additional violations to parasitic constraints are introduced in the layout. During both phases accurate and efficient parasitic estimations are guaranteed by compact analytical models, based on 2D and 3D field analysis. Finally, a global check on all distributed parasitics is performed. If the original constraints are not satisfied, the weights are updated based on severity of the violation and routing is applied iteratively. Several layouts synthesized using this technique have been fabricated and successfully tested, confirming the effectiveness of the approach.