gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Masking the energy behaviour of encryption algorithms (2003)

Smart cards are vulnerable to both invasive and noninvasive attacks. Specifically, noninvasive attacks using power and timing measurements to extract the cryptographic key have drawn a lot of negative publicity for smart card usage. The power measurement techniques rely on the data-dependent energy behaviour of the underlying system. Further, power analysis can be used to identify the specific portions of the program being executed to induce timing glitches that may in turn help to bypass key checking. Thus, it is important to mask the energy consumption when executing the encryption algorithms. The instruction set architecture of a simple five-stage pipelined smart card processor with secure instructions to mask the energy differences due to key-related data-dependent computations in DES and Rijndael encryptions is augmented. The secure versions operate on the normal and complementary versions of the operands simultaneously to mask the energy variations due to value-dependent operations. However, this incurs the penalty of increased overall energy consumption in the data-path components. Consequently, we employ secure versions of instructions only for critical operations; that is we use secure instructions selectively, as directed by an optimising compiler. Using a cycle-accurate energy simulator, the effectiveness of this enhancement is demonstrated. The approach achieves energy masking of critical operations, consuming 83% less energy compared to existing approaches employing dual rail circuits.
The vascular side of plasma kallikrein (2015)

In this issue of Blood , Stavrou et al show that in plasma kallikrein–deficient mice ( Klkb1 −/− ), upregulation of the Mas receptor in the renin-angiotensin system leads to prostacyclin-mediated suppression of vessel wall tissue factor (TF), which leads to reduced thrombosis independent of
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiulcer Activity of (Isochroman‐1‐yl)alkylamines. Part 2. (1989)

Abstract Various isochroman‐1‐ylalkylamines, synthesized as outlined in the reaction scheme, are examined for their gastric antisecretory and inhibitory activity against aspirin‐induced ulcers in rats.
Use of New Toughness Parameters from the Tensile Test Application in Characterising the Heat-Affected Zone in Weld Joints (1993)

A simple test procedure that can substitute the Charpy test for the estimation of ductile fracture toughness of the weakest region of a weld joint has been evolved. This approach explocits the conventional tension test with smooth round specimens, and stipulates that the post necking regime in this test is dominated by micro-void growth and coalescence processes. The method of computing two new toughness parameters from the load-elongation data of the tensile test is described. The effect of aging of the 2.25 Cr - 1 Mo steel HAZ in the Alloy 800/2.25 Cr - 1 Mo steel dissimilar metal joint (welded with inconel 182 electrodes) was studied to demonstrate the application, efficacy and sensitivity of these estimates of fracture toughness.
Transaminase Activities in Serum of Long-Term Hemodialysis Patients (1972)

Journal Article Transaminase Activities in Serum of Long-Term Hemodialysis Patients Get access D W Bradley, D W Bradley Center for Disease Control Ecological Investigations Program Phoenix Laboratories 4402 N. 7th St. Phoenix, Ariz. 85014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J E Maynard, J E Maynard Center for Disease Control Ecological Investigations Program Phoenix Laboratories 4402 N. 7th St. Phoenix, Ariz. 85014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G Emery, G Emery Center for Disease Control Ecological Investigations Program Phoenix Laboratories 4402 N. 7th St. Phoenix, Ariz. 85014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H Webster H Webster Center for Disease Control Ecological Investigations Program Phoenix Laboratories 4402 N. 7th St. Phoenix, Ariz. 85014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 18, Issue 11, 1 November 1972, Page 1442, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/18.11.1442b Published: 01 November 1972
ChemInform Abstract: Uses of Corona Discharges in the Semiconductor Industry (1987)

Abstract Review: (published and unpublished applications of corona discharges in semiconductor device manufacturing, quality control of insulators, failure analysis, and in understanding electrical properties of insulators.
Purification and Characterization of Transporter Proteins from Human Erythrocyte Membrane (2003)

Functions and biochemical properties of several membrane transporter proteins from human erythrocyte, in particular, the glucose transporter (Glut1) and anion exchanger (AE1, also called Band 3) have been extensively characterized. Glut1 is a member of the mammalian facilitative glucose transporter family Glut1-13 (1,2). The 50-kDa integral membrane protein is expressed in all human cells, and is particularly abundant in human erythrocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. In erythrocytes it is responsible for the uptake of glucose—the cell’s major energy source. Glut1 consists of 492 amino acids and is N-glycosylated on residue Asn45 in a highly heterogeneous manner. The protein, which functions as a monomer, is predicted to span the membrane 12 times in the form of α-helices (1).
Focused-ion-beam-assisted etching of diamond in XeF2 (1998)

Ga focused-ion-beam (FIB)-assisted etching of single-crystal diamond and thin film diamond in XeF2 was studied. The etch yield in FIB-assisted etching of diamond in XeF2 is enhanced some six times over the physical sputtering yield. In the crystal orientation dependence of the etch yield in FIB-assisted etching, the (100) face produced the highest etch yield of the three faces—(100), (110), and (111). Thin film diamond produces the lowest etch yield. A diamond field emitter with a tip radius of less than 100 nm was obtained using Ga FIB spot exposure.
A Subunit of Mammalian Signal Peptidase Is Homologous to Yeast SEC11 Protein (1989)

Canine signal peptidase consists of a complex of five proteins (Evans, A. E., Gilmore, R., and Blobel, G. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83, 581-585). A cDNA encoding the 21-kDa subunit of the signal peptidase complex was isolated from a liver cDNA library using an 88-base pair probe, generated by the polymerase chain reaction. The 820-base pair cDNA was sequenced and found to encode a protein of 21,585 daltons. The deduced amino acid sequence from the canine cDNA was found to be 47% identical to the yeast SEC11 protein. SEC11 has been shown to be required for signal peptide cleavage, normal rate of secretion, and cell survival in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Böhni, P. C., Deshaies, R. J., and Schekman, R. W. (1988) J. Cell Biol. 106, 1035-1042). It is, therefore, likely that the 21-kDa subunit of signal peptidase complex is the structural and functional homologue of the yeast SEC11 gene product.
Low-Molecular-Weight GTP-Binding Proteins Serving as ADP-Ribosylation Substrate for ADP-Ribosyltransferase from Clostridium botulinum and Their Relation to Phosphoinositides Metabolism in Thymocytes1 (1990)

ADP-ribosyltransferase from Clostridium botulinum type C strain was found to induce an increase of inositol phosphates (IPs) formation in murine thymocytes membranes. Incubation of electropermeabilized murine thymocytes with the enzyme also caused an increase of IPs formation in the cells. This increase of IPs formation in the enzyme-treated membranes and electropermeabilized cells was dependent on the amount of both NAD and the enzyme, suggesting that the stimulation of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC) was related to ADP-ribosylation of membrane proteins by the enzyme. On the other hand, in calf and murine thymocytes two proteins with the same molecular weight of 21,000 were found to be ADP-ribosylated by the botulinum ADP-ribosyltransferase. A minor ADP-ribosylation substrate was shown by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to be G21k, a low-molecular-weight GTP-binding protein (G protein) suggested previously by us to be involved in PLC regulation [Wang, P. et al. (1987) J. Biochem. 102, 1275-1287; (1988) 103, 137-142; and (1989) 105, 461-466], and the other major ADP-ribosylation substrate was identified as a rho A protein. Under the experimental conditions of the IPs formation study, ADP-ribosylation of both G21k and rho A proteins by botulinum ADP-ribosyltransferase in membranes and permeabilized cells was observed. These results suggest that botulinum ADP-ribosyltransferase-induced PLC stimulation in thymocytes is closely correlated with ADP-ribosylation of the low-molecular-weight G proteins.
MARMOT simulations of Xe segregation to grain boundaries in UO<sub>2</sub> (2012)

Diffusion of Xe and U in UO{sub 2} is controlled by vacancy mechanisms and under irradiation the formation of mobile vacancy clusters is important. We derive continuum thermodynamic and diffusion models for Xe and U in UO{sub 2} based on the vacancy and cluster diffusion mechanisms established from recent density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Segregation of defects to grain boundaries in UO{sub 2} is described by combining the diffusion model with models of the interaction between Xe atoms and vacancies with grain boundaries derived from separate atomistic calculations. The diffusion and segregation models are implemented in the MOOSE/MARMOT (MBM) finite element (FEM) framework and we simulate Xe redistribution for a few simple microstructures. In this report we focus on segregation to grain boundaries. The U or vacancy diffusion model as well as the coupled diffusion of vacancies and Xe have also been implemented, but results are not included in this report.
Mycalamide D, a New Cytotoxic Amide from the New Zealand Marine Sponge <i>Mycale</i> Species (2000)

A new mycalamide, mycalamide D (3), has been isolated from the New Zealand marine sponge Mycale sp. This new metabolite, in which the C13-O-methyl group of mycalamide A (1) is replaced by a hydrogen atom, was found to be cytotoxic to a range of mammalian cell lines, with a potency approximately 20-fold less than that of 1.
Modal synthesis and modeling of vowels (1999)

The study reported in this paper is based on results from a Swedish database of spontaneous computer-directed speech. This database was investigated to determine how people adapt their language when they interact with computers. A spoken dialogue system with an animated agent, August, was installed in a public location in downtown Stockholm. Members of the general public were invited to interact with the system and dialogues were recorded. The database was collected during a period of six months and consists of transcriptions of more than ten thousand spontaneous utterances. The domain restrictions in this spoken dialogue system were minimal, and the users were not explicitly told what they could expect the system to understand. In this paper the users’ communicative strategies, as they are manifested in the input utterances, are studied. The influence of the interface design on user expectations is also discussed. Results indicate that user adaptation, as reflected in the corpus, comprises lexical as well as syntactical aspects
Experimental infection with chamois border disease virus causes long-lasting viraemia and disease in Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica) (2011)

Since 2001, severe outbreaks of disease associated with border disease virus (BDV) infection have been reported in Pyrenean chamois. The disease is characterized by variable degrees of cachexia, alopecia and neurological manifestations prior to death. The aim of this study was to investigate this disease under experimental conditions. To assess viral virulence, humoral immune response, dissemination and probable routes of transmission, seven chamois (five seronegative and two seropositive for BDV) were inoculated with a BDV isolated from a naturally infected chamois. A group of three chamois were maintained as uninfected controls. The five seronegative chamois became viraemic from day 2 post-inoculation (p.i.) until their death (three animals) or the end of the experiment (on day 34 p.i.) and developed neutralizing antibodies from day 18 p.i. until the end of the study. Continuous shedding of the virus was detected by RT-PCR in oral, nasal and rectal swabs in viraemic chamois from day 5 p.i. Despite none of the viraemic chamois showing obvious neurological signs, all of them had a non-suppurative meningoencephalitis as seen in naturally infected chamois. The two inoculated BDV-seropositive chamois did not become viraemic. This study confirms that BDV is the primary agent of the disease that has been affecting chamois populations in recent years in the Pyrenees and that previously acquired humoral immunity is protective.
Femtosecond Fourier-transform spectroscopy of low-frequency intermolecular motions in weakly interacting liquids (1993)

Recent work on the subject of solvation dynamics has concentrated on understanding the ultrafast dynamics of intermolecular interactions in strongly interacting, polar, and hydrogen-bonding solvents. In general, investigations into the effects of solvation dynamics on chemical reactions have concentrated on the highly polar liquids because it is in these solvents that the largest spectroscopic changes with solvent relaxation are observed. In these very polar liquids, however, the intermolecular dynamics are very complex, consisting of contributions from reorientational diffusion, inertially limited rotations, intermolecular vibrations involving both reorientational (librational) and translational degrees of freedom, and interaction-induced collisional effects. The role of collisional interaction-induced effects in shaping the intermolecular dynamics of molecular liquids has been a subject of considerable discussion. Molecular dynamics simulations have suggested that collisional effects can have a significant role in shaping the femtosecond dynamics and nonlinear-optical properties of molecular liquids. However, for anisotropic molecules, it is difficult to separate experimentally the collisional effects from other phenomena. In this paper the authors examine the intermolecular dynamics of the weakly interacting liquid carbon tetrachloride (CCl{sub 4}). Because carbon tetrachloride is a spherical top molecule (belonging to the T{sub d} point group), its intermolecular light-scattering spectrum is purely interaction-induced. By studying this purely collision-induced feature in CCl{sub 4}, the authors hope to gain insight on the lowest-frequency intermolecular vibrational behavior of more complex systems.
Unconventional pharmacology of a neuronal nicotinic receptor mutated in the channel domain. (1992)

The putative channel-forming MII domains of the nicotinic, gamma-aminobutyric acid type A, and glycine receptors contain a highly conserved leucine residue. Mutation of this hydrophobic amino acid in the neuronal nicotinic receptor alpha 7 (Leu-247), reconstituted in Xenopus oocytes, modifies the ionic response to acetylcholine and alters desensitization. Furthermore, the Leu----Thr (L247T) mutant has two conducting states (46 pS and 80 pS), in contrast with the wild-type (WT) receptor, which has only one (45 pS). We now show that this mutant possesses a rather paradoxical pharmacology: antagonists of the WT receptor such as dihydro-beta-erythroidin, hexamethonium, or (+)-tubocurarine elicit ionic currents when applied to the L247T alpha 7 mutant and these responses are blocked by alpha-bungarotoxin. Furthermore, prolonged application of acetylcholine causes desensitization in the WT but leads to a potentiation of the responses to acetylcholine or dihydro-beta-erythroidin in the mutant. These data are consistent with a scheme in which mutation of Leu-247 renders a desensitized state in the WT channel a conducting state. They also strengthen the proposal that, in the WT, some competitive antagonists may stabilize desensitized states. Finally, these observations may shed light on properties of other ion channels, in particular the glutamate receptors, which display multiple conductance levels associated with various pharmacological agents.
Adsorption and carbonylation of plasma proteins by dialyser membrane material: in vitro and in vivo proteomics investigations. (2010)

The present study suggests that biomaterials used for fabrication of haemodialysis membrane may affect the carbonyl balance in chronic uremic patients.
Effect of Antioxidants on Pyrogallol-Induced Delay in Gastric Emptying in Rats (2000)

The effect of a free radical generator pyrogallol on gastric emptying was studied in rats. Pyrogallol at doses of 25, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg (i.p.) produced dose-dependent inhibition of gastric emptying. Pretreatment with vitamin C (100 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.), and vitamin E (100 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reversed the inhibition in gastric emptying caused by pyrogallol 100 mg/kg. However, the combination of vitamin C and vitamin E (100 mg/kg) produced synergistic effect. Glutathione (100 mg/kg i.v.) 5-min pretreatment also reversed the inhibition of gastric emptying caused by pyrogallol 100 mg/kg. Ondansetron (3 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reversed the pyrogallol effect. The effect of pyrogallol on malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and 5-HT levels in the stomach tissue was also studied. Pyrogallol at a dose of 100 mg/kg, i.p., significantly increased MDA levels and 5-HT levels in the stomach. Pretreatment with a combination of vitamin C and vitamin E (100 mg/kg, p.o.) and glutathione (100 mg/kg, i.v.) significantly ameliorated the rise in stomach tissue MDA caused by pyrogallol but had no significant effect on the rise in 5-HT levels caused by pyrogallol. The effect of different doses of 5-HT on gastric emptying was also studied. 5-HT had a differential effect on gastric emptying. The low and high doses (0.1, 0.3 and 30 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly inhibited the gastric emptying while doses ranging from 1 to 10 mg/kg, i.p., had no significant effect on the gastric emptying. The pretreatment with antioxidants, combination of vitamin C and vitamin E (100 mg/kg each, p.o.) and glutathione (100 mg/kg, i. v.) had no effect on the 5-HT (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced delay in gastric emptying. The result indicate the role of free radicals gastric emptying, and antioxidants may be of potential therapeutic value in disease conditions where free radicals are known to be released and the gastrointestinal effects are observed as symptoms or side effects of drug therapy.
Intravascular susceptibility agent effects on tissue transverse relaxation rates in vivo (2000)

Since vascular architecture differs among tissues, it was hypothesized that the change in transverse relaxation rate produced by a given tissue concentration of susceptibility contrast agent also varies by tissue. This is relevant to strategies to map regional blood volume by MRI using indicator dilution techniques. R*2 was measured in rat organs over a range of susceptibility agent concentrations at 1.5 T. Rat red blood cells loaded with dysprosium-DTPA-BMA served as an intravascular susceptibility agent. Tissue samples were frozen in vivo and dysprosium concentrations were independently measured using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The slope (k) of R*2 vs. tissue dysprosium concentration in sec−1 mM−1 for myocardium was 97.1 (95% C.I. 77.0–117.2), liver 122.6 (108.3–136.9), spleen 22.5 (8.8–36.3), kidney 68.1 (58.6–77.6), and skeletal muscle 77.9 (4.1–151.6); k was significantly different (P < 0.05) for all pairings except those with skeletal muscle. Therefore, relative values of tissue blood volume derived from dynamic images of first pass contrast effects may be in error because k is not constant for different conditions. Magn Reson Med 44:909–914, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Temperature Field Around a Spherical Ridge or Trough in a Plane (1992)

An analytical solution, which describes the temperature field around a single spherical particle partly embedded in a plane or around a trough making an arbitrary contact angle with a plane, is presented here. The temperature distributions for three cases are studied: the temperature distribution around a conducting bowl or trough, the temperature distribution around a non-conducting bowl or trough present in a conducting plane, and the temperature profile around a conducting bowl or trough conducting heat toward a sink at infinity. The normalized heat flux distribution on the plane and particle is presented. The various incremental resistances caused by a single and a dilute planar random array of truncated spherical particles are also derived.
Ballistic second-order plasma wave echoes in a Maxwellian plasma (1973)

Ballistic second-order plasma wave echoes are observed in a Maxwellian plasma. In some cases a small resonant coupling is also seen.
Geochemistry research planning for the underground storage of high-level nuclear waste (1983)

This report is a preliminary attempt to plan a comprehensive program of geochemistry research aimed at resolving problems connected with the underground storage of high-level nuclear waste. The problems and research needs were identified in a companion report to this one. The research needs were taken as a point of departure and developed into a series of proposed projects with estimated manpowers and durations. The scope of the proposed research is based on consideration of an underground repository as a multiple barrier system. However, the program logic and organization reflect conventional strategies for resolving technological problems. The projects were scheduled and the duration of the program, critical path projects and distribution of manpower determined for both full and minimal programs. The proposed research was then compared with ongoing research within DOE, NRC and elsewhere to identify omissions in current research. Various options were considered for altering the scope of the program, and hence its cost and effectiveness. Finally, recommendations were made for dealing with omissions and uncertainties arising from program implementation. 11 references, 6 figures, 4 tables.
A Validation Methodology for Human Behavior Representation Models (2005)

The Department of Defense (DoD) relies heavily on mathematical models and computer simulations to analyze and acquire new weapon systems. Models and simulations help decision makers understand the differences between systems and provide insights into the implications of weapon system tradeoffs. Given this key role, the credibility of simulations is paramount. For combat models, this is gained through the verification, validation, and accreditation process required of DoD analytical models prior to their use in weapon systems acquisition and other studies. The nature of nondeterministic human behavior makes validation of models of human behavior representation contingent on the judgments of subject matter experts that are routinely acquired using a face validation methodology. In an attempt to better understand the strengths and weaknesses of assessing human behavior representation using experts and the face validation methodology, the authors conducted experiments to identify issues critical to utilizing human experts for the purpose of ascertaining ways to enrich the validation process for models relying on human behavior representation. The research was limited to the behaviors of individuals engaged in close combat in an urban environment. This paper presents the study methodology, data analysis, and recommendations for mitigating attendant problems with validation of human behavior representation models.