gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract P356: In Vitro Effect of Blackcurrant Anthocyanins on Flow-Dependent Dilatation of Human Intracerebral Arteries and Alzheimer Nanoplaque Formation (2012)

Background: Vascular wall amyloidosis, one of the important cell and tissue changes in dementiae of the Alzheimer type, is characterized by massive deposition of β-amyloid in the walls of leptomeningeal and cortical arteries and arterioles, as well as in vessels in the brainstem and cerebellum. This deposition depends critically on both lipoprotein isoform and cholesterol, which has prompted research on the link between coronary disease and Alzheimer's disease. High cholesterol diets were found to induce accumulation of β-amyloid in the brain. Anthocyanins from blackcurrant extract (BCE) may have beneficial effects on Alzheimer dementiae via other target points than cholesterol lowering. Materials and Methods: Flow-dependent isometric tension was measured in segments of isolated human intracerebral arteries from consciousness areas, coming from brain surgery. The blood vessel segments were stretched by 1.5 g pretension. The flow of the blood substitute solution (Krebs) was varied in the steps 3, 5, 20, 40, and 100 mL/min. Krebs solution without and with addition of 0.01% BCE (BC ACL-1.5, BerryPharma AG, Leichlingen, Germany) was used as superfusate. Nanotechnologic biosensor ellipsometry, photometric methods, ELISAs and EIAs were applied. VLDLapoE4/E4 (10 mg/dL) from genotypized patients and human β-amyloid peptide (1-42) (Aβ) were used in the ellipsometric measurements. Results: In the controls (n = 14), the smooth muscle cells of the brain arteries relaxed from 1.416 ± 0.009 g to 1.011 ± 0.033 g (p < 0.001) corresponding to 28.6% of their initial tone. Under blackcurrant liquid extract (n = 5), the decrease in wall tension was much more distinct. Vascular tone decreased from 1.454 ± 0.010 g (flow 3 mL/min) to 0.867 ± 0.052 g (flow 100 mL/min) (p < 0.001; against the control p < 0.0354). This is equivalent to a 40.4% reduction in tension, a 45.2% increase in flow-dependent relaxation, and an estimated 50.7% rise in blood perfusion under blackcurrant. BCE (0.001%) is strongly bound to membrane integral proteoheparan sulphate (HS-PG), the natural flow sensor and peripheral lipoprotein receptor, as measured by ellipsometric techniques. Addition of VLDLapoE4/E4, Aβ, and Ca 2+ ions (2.52 to 17.64 mmol/L) to HS-PG adsorbed to a silica surface led to quaternary Alzheimer plaque formation in control experiments. Preincubation of HS-PG with BCE reduced VLDL docking by 5.9%, ternary plaque formation with Aβ by 11.6%, and quaternary calcified Alzheimer nanoplaque formation by 17.3%. Conclusion: The flow experiments impressively show that BCE clearly improves endothelial function by an additional NO release. This vasodilatation together with the reduction of Alzheimer nanoplaque neoformation, detected here for the first time as a novel pleiotropic action of BCE, may have a beneficial effect on the cognitive functions in dementiae of the Alzheimer type, in the prevention of TIA and stroke.
Colonic range of 5‐ASA enemas in healthy individuals, with a comparison of their physical and chemical characteristics. An open, single‐dose, randomized, cross‐over study (1997)

The Asacol enema appears to be superior in several aspects of the galenical formulation. The better dispersion and larger specific surface area, in conjunction with a larger distribution, better bowel wall adherence and retention time in vivo, constitute a clear theoretical and possible clinical advantage.
Discriminant Carbohydrate Components of Human Milk According to Donor Secretor Types (1990)

Because of the variability of human milk carbohydrate composition, we determined the discriminant carbohydrate components of the milk of 18 mothers according to their ABH and Lewis secretor types during the first week of lactation. Comparative chromatograms revealed that the presence of neuraminyloligosaccharides is linked to the ABH secretor groups, and that the absence of oligosaccharides with Lea or Leb specificity is linked to the Lewis nonsecretor types. The study of carbohydrate composition according to donor secretor types consisted of measuring 16 variables from 69 samples. Analysis of variance showed significant differences between groups: high levels of N-acetylneuraminic acid and low levels of galactose distinguished ABH secretors from nonsecretors (p less than 0.001). In the ABH secretor groups, A and H secretors had higher N-acetylglucosamine contents than B and AB secretors (p less than 0.001) and lower galactose levels (p less than 0.001). The Lewis secretor groups were distinguished by significantly higher fucose levels (p less than 0.001). The ABH(+)Le(a-b-) group had higher lactose contents than the other groups (p less than 0.01).
New architectures for optical TDM switching (1993)

A systematic theoretical study of architectures for optical TDM switching, using lithium niobate optical switches and optical fiber delay lines for storage, is undertaken. The architectures allow the bit rate and wavelength transparency of these devices to be exploited. A technique involving recursive definition and proof is used to define the networks, which are mathematically related to Benes and Waksman networks. This produces architectures that are very different from existing optical TDM networks. They exhibit economical use of components, which reaches the theoretical minimum in some cases. The use of feed-forward rather than feed-back delays give these networks superior crosstalk performance and more uniform attenuation than existing designs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modèles anatomiques déformables en temps réel : application à la simulation de chirurgie avec retour d'effort (1997)

In this thesis, we present different approaches for the computattion, in real-time, of volumetric anatomical models. A major application of such models is laparoscopic surgery simulation. This recent surgical technique, in permanent evolution, requires intensive training procedures. In this case, a simulator has many advantages: flexibility, high training frequencies, evaluation tools, rare pathological cases simulation, etc. The first part of this thesis describes soft tissue modeling techniques, while taking into account biomechanical and real-time constraints. The first model we propose is based on a finite element method applied to three-dimensional linear elasticity. The real-time solution is computed by linear combinations of elementary deformations obtained during a pre-processing stage. To take into account, in the deformation process, some topological mesh modification - due, for instance, to tissue cutting - we have proposed a second model, called "tensors/masses". Finally, we propose an original formulation, named "hybrid model", allowing the combination of the two previous deformable models in an unified framework. In the second part of this thesis, we focus on the use of a force feedback system for interacting with deformable anatomical models. Then, we propose a hardware architecture that integrates the different modules providing deformation and force computation, force feedback devices control, collision detection, graphics rendering, etc. A simulator prototype, based on this architecture and including two force feedback systems, is presented. We finally propose, as an appendix, a study we conducted regarding a new technique for facial reconstruction. By using different medical image processing and analysis tools, we performed a series of experiments which goal was to reconstruct the face of a human person only from the knowledge of his/her face and reduced number of parameters.
Dynamic Hash key‐based stream cipher for secure transmission of real time ECG signal (2016)

Abstract In the last few decades, patients demand the data integrity and confidentiality of their Electrocardiography (ECG) signal for remote diagnosis through the network. In this context, a Dynamic Hash key‐based stream cipher for a cryptosystem is proposed to transmit the ECG signal to maintain integrity and confidentiality. The novelty of this proposed methodology is based on real‐time dynamic non‐recursive pseudorandom keystream using dynamic Toeplitz hash value‐based RC4 algorithm, unlike the existing static key‐based stream ciphers. The Toeplitz hash value (HV) is constructed from the sequence generated using non‐singular sequence folding‐based nonlinear feedback function expressed in algebraic normal form. The proposed design is realized using Verilog hardware description language (HDL) to construct the non‐recursive dynamic key stream sequence and prototyped on existing hardware Field‐programmable gate array (FPGA) device Virtex 5 xc5vlx110t‐2ff1136. The generated dynamic binary key stream sequence is analysed for key size, correlation and further verified by randomness tests using National Institute of Standards and Technology statistical test suites. The laboratory experiment is carried out with the existing two FPGA boards to prototype the proposed hardware cryptosystem for the encryption and decryption of real time ECG signal. The implementation result in the FPGA device accomplishes with the initial latency of 257 clock cycles and improved data throughput of 534Mbps than the existing design. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Management of Ferro‐alloy wastes (1999)

Abstract The ferro‐alloy industry in South Africa can be divided into two groups of processes, the first concerned with the mining and initial beneficiation of ores and the second with the production of various metallic products, ranging from pig iron to various ferro‐alloys and stainless steel. Waste production from these processes is considerable, with the majority of waste products in the form of solids, such as furnace slags, emission control dusts, flotation tailings and leach residues. Traditionally, these waste materials have been disposed of to landfill, usually in the form of large‐scale heaps or dams. It is only since recently that the management of ferro‐alloy wastes is starting to be governed by concerns about the long‐term environmental stability of such deposits, which is associated with the potential leachability of salts and heavy metal species contained therein. The concept of Clean Technology is beginning to influence process design options in the sector with the ultimate aim to reduce the load of material discarded as waste, and to improve the environmental acceptability of these wastes. This includes not only the installation of new process technology, but also process‐integrated recycling of waste materials and new downstream processes, which use waste products as raw materials. These new technologies notwithstanding, waste materials that ultimately arise from any given process will have to be managed in such a way so as to ensure minimal impact on the disposal environment. We argue in this paper that operator liability with respect to waste management practice can be assessed only with the aid of a comprehensive model of the physical and chemical processes, which affect leach resistance within waste deposits. The point of departure from other work in this field is our interest in conditions within the landfill (in chemical engineering terms) as these relate to technology choice and operating conditions within the process(es), which generated the waste. The development of such a model is discussed, and a methodology which combines laboratory waste characterisation with the model to provide a predictive tool for the assessment of leachate generation and mobility is proposed.
Molecular profiling of CD34+ cells identifies low expression of CD7, along with high expression of proteinase 3 or elastase, as predictors of longer survival in patients with CML (2005)

Although most patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) have the same initial molecular abnormality, the BCR-ABL fusion gene, the duration of chronic phase (CP) varies widely. To identify the possible molecular basis of this heterogeneity, we studied CD34+ cells collected at diagnosis from 68 patients with CML-CP. By using oligonucleotide microarray screening, we performed gene-expression profiling on 2 subsets of patients, one comprising patients with an "aggressive disease" who developed blastic transformation (BT) within 3 years of diagnosis (n = 10) and, at the other extreme, patients with an "indolent disease" whose BT occurred 7 or more years from diagnosis (n = 9). This screening revealed 20 genes differentially expressed in patients with aggressive and indolent disease, which were validated by quantitative reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction (Q-RT/PCR). A multivariate Cox regression model identified the combination of low CD7 expression with high expression of proteinase 3 or elastase as associated with longer survival in the complete cohort of 68 patients. This differential pattern of gene expression probably reflects the intrinsic heterogeneity of the disease; if so, assessing expression levels of selected genes at diagnosis may be valuable in predicting duration of survival in patients treated with imatinib and the newer tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
"Please, Sir, I Want Some More"—Loopholes, Austerity, and the Cost of Living—Nebraska Exemption Policy Revisited (1994)

I. Introduction II. Interaction between State Exemptions and Federal Discharge ... A. Pre-bankruptcy Planning ... B. Concealment of Assets ... C. Valuation ... D. Amending Exemptions ... E. Case Conversion and Onset of Exemption ... F. Objecting to Exemptions ... G. The IRS and Nebraska Exemptions III. Specific Exemptions: Section 25-1556 ... A. Personal Possessions, Motor Vehicles, and Tools of the Trade ... B. Provisions for Debtors IV. The Wildcard Exemption: Section 25-1552 V. Due Process and Garnishment Procedures VI. Annuity Contract, Insurance Proceeds, and Benefits: Section 44-371 VII. Fraternal Benefits: Section 44-1089 VIII. Stock, Pensions, and Similar Plans: Section 25-1563.01 IX. Lump-Sum and Structured Settlements: Section 25-1563.02 X. Nebraska's Homestead Exemption: Section 40-101 ... A. Case Law Developments ... B. Legislative Developments XI. Public Policy and Exemptions ... A. Balancing Test and the Moving Target ... B. Homestead ... C. Motor Vehicles ... D. Cost of Living and Exemption Levels XII. Conclusion
Land (2009)

Landlords dominated Irish society during the nineteenth century but during the period reviewed in this book their power was in serious decline. This chapter looks at the composition of the great Irish landowner class (those landlords who owned estates of more than 10,000 acres), and considers to what extent the composition of this elite group changed between 1881 and 1918. The chapter also examines the reasons why the Irish landlord class declined in terms of their power and wealth in the context of the declining power of landlordism in Europe more generally. The chapter suggests that the Irish landlords may be partly responsible for their own decline because they did not reinvest sufficiently in their own estates and that if they had done so they may have been able to win the continued support of their tenants more effectively
Proliferation of CD4+ T cells in response to self and non-self antigens. Role in memory formation (2001)

The goal of this thesis project was to determine the role of peptides (self vs. non-self) and CD28 signaling on proliferation and differentiation of responding CD4+ T cells into effector and memory cells in vivo. For this purpose, we used murine TCR transgenic CD4 + T cells that recognize chicken ovalbumin peptide (OVAp). The cells were adoptively transferred into either syngeneic wild type mice followed by immunization with OVAp or into lymphopenic mice, where proliferation occurs due to encounter with self-peptides. Proliferation, in the presence or absence of CD28 costimulation, was measured by labeling the T cells with a bright fluorochrome dye, CFSE, prior to adoptive transfer. Subsequently, proliferative history, cytokine production and capacity for memory were compared. CD28 augmented the proliferative response of CD4+ T cells following stimulation with the non-self peptide (OVAp), by increasing both the number of antigen-specific T cells that initiated division, as well as increasing the number of cell divisions. Differentiation into effector cells was cell cycle dependent, as the appearance of surface memory phenotype (CD44-hi, CD45RB-low, CD62L-low) and production of cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ, correlated with division cycle, independent of costimulation. Thus, CD28 signals enhanced production of IL-2 and IFN-γ by augmenting proliferation of responding T cells. Encounters with self-peptides generated two discrete populations of T cells. One, which was highly proliferative and dependent on CD28 signaling, and the other which contained cells undergoing low levels of CD28-independent proliferation. Interestingly, following encounters with self-peptides, the responding CD4+ T cells never became effector cells as they remained small and did not upregulate early activation marker CD69. Yet, these cells acquired phenotypic and functional characteristics of memory cells, indicating that naïve CD4+ T cells can differentiate directly into memory cells. These results indicate that optimal proliferative responses of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells in response to either self or non-self peptides was dependent on CD28 signals. Differentiation into effector cells required stimulation by the exogenous peptide and correlated best with cell cycle progression and not CD28 signals. Finally, following encounters with self-peptides naïve cells differentiated directly into memory T cells.
Controlled Atmosphere Exposure Chamber (1969)

A room-sized chamber was constructed capable of automatically maintaining levels of single or mixed contaminants for prolonged periods. The system can add specific contaminants to the natural smog or filter them out or do both. The chamber can house 20 dogs or subhuman primates adequately. Air flow is laminar from side to side. Several aspects of the design are discussed. Among these are: the ventilation system, exposure room design, cage design, contaminant monitoring , gas injecting systems, and system controls. The results of preliminary testing are presented. 6 references, 2 figures.
Service oriented architectures: approaches, technologies and research issues (2007)

Service-oriented architectures (SOA) is an emerging approach that addresses the requirements of loosely coupled, standards-based, and protocol- independent distributed computing. Typically business operations running in an SOA comprise a number of invocations of these different components, often in an event-driven or asynchronous fashion that reflects the underlying business process needs. To build an SOA a highly distributable communications and integration backbone is required. This functionality is provided by the Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) that is an integration platform that utilizes Web services standards to support a wide variety of communications patterns over multiple transport protocols and deliver value-added capabilities for SOA applications. This paper reviews technologies and approaches that unify the principles and concepts of SOA with those of event-based programing. The paper also focuses on the ESB and describes a range of functions that are designed to offer a manageable, standards-based SOA backbone that extends middleware functionality throughout by connecting heterogeneous components and systems and offers integration services. Finally, the paper proposes an approach to extend the conventional SOA to cater for essential ESB requirements that include capabilities such as service orchestration, “intelligent” routing, provisioning, integrity and security of message as well as service management. The layers in this extended SOA, in short xSOA, are used to classify research issues and current research activities.
Quartz crystal microbalance for bacteria application review (2014)

This paper presents an overview of the quartz crystal microbalance sensor (QCM) for bacteria application. The QCM sensor can be considered as a representative mechanical transducer for a biosensor device that converts the mass of target analytes into an electrical signal. Microorganisms' detection using QCM sensor can be applied in applications in the field of environment, biomedical area, and food industry. This paper focuses on the characteristic of QCM as biosensor in the detection of bacteria pathogen. The paper provides a description of the techniques used for QCM when being utilized for bacteria testing. The techniques focus on surface modification of quartz crystal in developing sensitive and selective sensor using Self-assemble Monolayer (SAM) method which cooperates with antigen-antibody principle.
The Evolution of Lithium-Ion Cell Thermal Safety with Aging Examined in a Battery Testing Calorimeter (2016)

The effect of calendar aging on the thermal safety of 4.6 Ah pouch cells with a LiMn2O4 (LMO) cathode was investigated by a battery test calorimeter (BTC) that can be used to determine the heat evolved during an uncontrolled exothermic runaway reaction. Cells were stored at 55 °C and 100% state of charge (SOC) for accelerated aging, and they were taken out after 10, 20, 40, 68, and 90 days of storage to obtain different aging states. Those cells were then put into the BTC for thermal safety tests. The results show the cell thermal safety improves after aging: (1) the self-heating temperature increases; (2) the thermal runaway temperature increases; and (3) the exothermal rate during the process of thermal runaway decreases. The cell voltage drops to zero about 40 °C earlier than the thermal runaway, indicating the voltage can be used as a signal for cell safety monitoring.
Influence of crystalline properties on the dielectric and energy storage properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (2011)

Abstract Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) films with various crystal phases (α, β, and γ phases) and varied crystallinities were fabricated via different processes. The influence of the crystalline properties, such as the crystallinity and crystal phases, on the breakdown strength and dielectric and energy storage properties of the films were studied. Under low electric field, the dielectric constant was governed by the crystallinities of the films, and the dielectric loss was more related to the polarity of their crystal phases. Under high electric field, the high polarity of the crystal phases favored high‐maximum, remnant, and irreversible polarization of the films. The lower crystallinity of the films with the same crystal phases led to a higher maximum and remnant polarization but a lower irreversible polarization. Under direct‐current electric field, the discharged energy efficiency was mainly dominated by the polar nature of crystal phases. Under an electric field below 300 MV/m, the discharged energy density and energy loss of the three kinds of films were rather close, regardless of the phase transition. When the electric field was over 300 MV/m, the overall discharged energy density was dominated by the practical breakdown strength. γ‐PVDF with a proper crystallinity and crystal grain size is expected to realize an energy density over 10 J/cm 3 under an electric field over 400 MV/m. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011