gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Pesticide Residues by Chemical Derivatization. VI. Analysis of Ten Acid Herbicides in Sediment1 (1983)

Abstract A sensitive gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) method was developed for multiresidue analysis of 10 acid herbicides in sediment. An acidified sediment sample was extracted 3 times with acetonehexane. The combined organic extract was partitioned with acidified water to remove aqueous coextractives. To produce low detection limits for all herbicides including MCPA and MCPB for routine monitoring purposes, pentaf luorobenzyl esters were formed before GLC analysis. Recoveries of all herbicides from fortified sediment samples were better than 80% at the levels studied. Practical detection limits of this method were 10-25 μg/kg (ppb).
Prostate Cancer Screening (2012)

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among the male population in western countries. Recently, the prevalence of prostate cancer is also increasing in Korea. Prostate cancer has a high prevalence rate, but low mortality rate because of slow progression. For this reason, there have been controversies about the effectiveness of prostate cancer screening. Randomized control trials for assessing the effectiveness of prostate cancer screening have been performed in Europe and the US. The European Randomized Study of Prostate Cancer reported that the prostate cancer mortality rate was 20% lower in the screening group than in the control group, but there was no difference in all-cause mortality between both groups. The Prostate, Lung, Colon, and Ovarian Trial, which was performed in the US, reported that prostate cancer is diagnosed more through the screening, but there was no difference in mortality between the screening group and the control group. Prostate cancer screening by prostate specifi c antigen has a low positive predictive value. Moreover, there are many side effects related to prostate biopsy and cancer treatment after screening. In light of such evidence, the US Preventive Services Task Force recently released a statement against prostate cancer screening. Most guidelines regarding prostate cancer screening recommend that physicians share with patient information on both benefi cial and harmful aspects of screening.
Solubility of Anthracene in Ternary Methyl <i>tert</i>-Butyl Ether + Alcohol + 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane Solvent Mixtures at 298.15 K (2000)

Experimental solubilities are reported for anthracene dissolved in ternary methyl tert-butyl ether + 1-propanol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, methyl tert-butyl ether + 2-propanol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, methyl tert-butyl ether + 1-butanol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, methyl tert-butyl ether + 2-butanol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, and methyl tert-butyl ether + 2-methyl-1-propanol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane solvent mixtures at 25 °C and atmospheric pressure. Nineteen compositions were studied for each of the five solvent systems. Results of these measurements are used to test the predictive ability of the ternary solvent form of the combined NIMS/Redlich−Kister equation. Computations showed that the model predicted the observed solubility behavior to within an overall average absolute deviation of about 1.7%, which is comparable to the experimental uncertainty of ±1.5%.
Influence of additive composition on microstructure of sialons (1991)

The relationship between composition and microstructure of a'-sialons was studied. The typical microstructure of a' -sialon ceramics consists of a crystalline phase of sialons and a small fraction of amorphous phase at grain boundaries. The addition of La2O3 to the starting mixtures promotes the incorporation of yttrium ions into the crystal lattice and also results in the formation of many crystal defects in the a' grains. This result suggests that a small amount of La3+ ions, together with yttrium cations, can enter the lattice of a' -sialons.
Lockin thermography to monitor propagation of delamination in CFRP composites during compression tests (2012)

The presence of delamination is a major problem in CFRP laminated panels and so, it is of great concern to both the academic and the aeronautical industrial worlds. Indeed delamination can strongly affect the material strength and, sometimes, can cause their breaking up in service. The aim of this work is to monitor the propagation of delamination during typical applied axial loadings. Therefore, a panel with an embedded delamination was manufactured, and subjected to compression test, while the delamination propagation was being monitored by lockin thermography. The obtained results were used to corroborate the ones coming from numerical computation.
The effect of gastro‐oesophageal reflux and omeprazole on key sleep parameters (2005)

In subjects with gastro-oesophageal reflux, sleep arousals and awakenings are closely related to acid reflux events. Reflux-related arousals and awakenings are decreased by acid suppression. Acid suppression in selected subjects with reflux events and reduced sleep efficiency is associated with increased total sleep time, rapid eye movement sleep and sleep efficiency.
Early enteral supply of lactobacillus and fiber versus selective bowel decontamination: a controlled trial in liver transplant recipients (2002)

Early enteral nutrition with fiber-containing solutions and living L plantarum 299 was well tolerated. It decreases markedly the rate of postoperative infections both in comparison with inactivated L plantarum 299 and significantly with SBD and a standard enteral nutrition formula. As it is a cheap and feasible alternative to SBD, further studies should evaluate whether this ecoimmunonutrition should be already started while patients are on the waiting list for transplantation.
Cross-Architecture Binary Semantics Understanding via Similar Code Comparison (2016)

With the prevailing of smart devices (e.g., smart phone, routers, cameras), more and more programs are ported from traditional desktop platform to embedded hardware with ARM or MIPS architecture. While the compiled binary code differs significantly due to the variety of CPU architectures, these ported programs share the same code base of the desktop version. Thus it is feasible to utilize the program of commodity computer to help understand those cross-compiled binaries and locate functions with similar semantics. However, as instruction sets of different architectures are generally incomparable, it is difficult to conduct a static cross-architecture binary code similarity comparison. To address, we propose a semantic-based approach to fulfill this target. We dynamically extract the signature, which is composed of conditional operations behaviors as well as system call information, from binaries on different platforms with the same manner. Then the similarity of signatures is measured to help identify functions in ported programs. We have implemented the approach in MOCKINGBIRD, an automated analysis tool to compare code similarity between binaries across architectures. MOCKINGBIRD supports mainstream architectures and is able to analyze ELF executables on Linux platform. We have evaluated MOCKINGBIRD with a set of popular programs with cross-compiled versions. The results show our approach is not only effective for dealing with this new issue of cross-architecture binary code comparison, but also improves the accuracy of similarity based function identification due to the utilization of semantic information.
Design considerations in replicated database systems for disaster protection (1988)

As computer systems process higher and higher volumes of economic transactions, the cost of a breach in service due to a disaster becomes financially intolerable. In situations like this, it becomes economically feasible to maintain a standby system with an up-to-date copy of the database. The design issues in building such a system are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of biologically active phospholipids with anti-neoplastic potential in porcine model (2014)

Our results demonstrate that BAP has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, thus emphasizing the potential of this compound as a natural healing agent.
Aflatoxin monoclonals: academic development to commercial production (1990)

A monoclonal antibody (mAb) has been produced to aflatoxin B1 (AF B1) after successful immunization of mice and fusion of sensitized spleen cells with myeloma cancer cells. The mice were immunized with AF B1-oxime-protein conjugate. Positive mAbs were screened using an indirect ELISA specific for AF B1. The selected mAb was then developed in direct competitive ELISA and immunoaffinity column chromatography methods for aflatoxin detection in foods and feeds. Both assays are rapid, sensitive, specific and require only the minimum of sample preparation. Both immunological assays have now been commercialized and are produced in convenient ready-made kit formats.
Integrated neutron/gamma-ray portal monitors for nuclear safeguards (1994)

Radiation monitoring is one nuclear-safeguards measure used to protect against the theft of special nuclear materials (SNM) by pedestrians departing from SNM access areas. The integrated neutron/gamma-ray portal monitor is an ideal radiation monitor for the task when the SNM is plutonium. It achieves high sensitivity for detecting both bare and shielded plutonium by combining two types of radiation detector. One type is a neutron-chamber detector, comprising a large, hollow, neutron moderator that contains a single thermal-neutron proportional counter. The entrance wall of each chamber is thin to admit slow neutrons from plutonium contained in a moderating shield, while the other walls are thick to moderate fast neutrons from bare or lead-shielded plutonium so that they can be detected. The other type of detector is a plastic scintillator that is primarily for detecting gamma rays from small amounts of unshielded plutonium. The two types of detector are easily integrated by making scintillators part of the thick back wall of each neutron chamber or by inserting them into each chamber void. We compared the influence of the two methods of integration on detecting neutrons and gamma rays, and we examined the effectiveness of other design factors and the methods for signal detection as well.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Circle diagrams applied to the design of thin film optical tunnel filters (1989)

Diagrams of complex reflectance or circle diagrams are used to design optical coatings at normal incidence. The technique can be extended to oblique incidence, including the design of coatings which take advantage of total internal reflectance. Use of these diagrams is helpful in visualizing and compensating for polarization effects in such coatings.
Systemanalyse und Betriebsführung eines Brennstoffzellen-BHKW (2006)

Eine wichtige Technologie zur effektiven Energienutzung ist die Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung (KWK) in dezentralen Anlagen. Im Gegensatz zu zentralen Großkraftwerken kann dabei Abwärme zu Heizzwecken genutzt werden. Heutige KWK-Anlagen arbeiten mit Verbrennungsmotoren oder Gasturbinen und sind dadurch im Wirkungsgrad durch den Carnot-Faktor begrenzt. Brennstoffzellen ermöglichen hingegen thermodynamisch einen wesentlich höheren elektrischen Wirkungsgrad. Durch ihren modularen Aufbau können Brennstoffzellen in einem weiten Leistungsbereich gebaut werden. Dies ermöglicht auch Anlagengrößen von nur wenigen Kilowatt zur Versorgung von Wohngebäuden. Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Steuerung und Regelung von Brennstoffzellen-KWK-Anlagen zur Hausenergieversorgung. Ziel ist die Entwicklung eines Steuerungskonzepts für eine erdgasbetriebene Anlage unter Berücksichtigung des dynamischen Betriebs. Weiterhin soll der stationäre Betrieb mit maximal möglichem Wirkungsgrad erfolgen. Der beschriebene Lösungsweg besteht aus der theoretischen Analyse der Anlage mit dem Ergebnis eines mathematischen Modells. Darauf aufbauend und kombiniert mit den Betriebserfahrungen an einer Laboranlage wurde das Steuerungskonzept entwickelt. Die Verifikation des Modells und der Steuerung erfolgte experimentell an dieser Laboranlage. Schwerpunkt der Arbeit ist die bedarfsangepasste, geregelte Gasversorgung der Brennstoffzelle basierend auf einem aus der Verteilung der Zellspannungen berechneten Indikator.
Examining Trends in the Tetravalent Character of Group 14 Elements (C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) with Acids and Hydroperoxides (1999)

The shift from tetravalency to divalency in going from carbon to lead chemistry is thought to be one of the most striking periodic properties. Although several molecules in the series R−(XO)−OH and R−Ẍ−O−OH (R = H, CH3; X = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) have been synthesized, most are unknown to date. Using density functional theory and hybrid Hartree−Fock/density functional theory with the BLYP and B3LYP functionals, the relative stability of hydroperoxycarbene, (H−C̈−O−O−H) to its acid isomer, formic acid, is predicted to be +96.4 kcal/mol with BLYP and a triple-ζ plus double polarization (TZ2P) basis set. As other group 14 atoms replace the carbon atom, this energy difference lessens considerably: Si, 101.0 (TZ2P) and 92.1 (TZ2P-ECP); Ge, 57.0 (TZ2P), and 65.5 (TZ2P-ECP); Sn, 48.4 (TZ2P-ECP); Pb, 22.1 (TZ2P-ECP), where TZ2P-ECP indicates that effective core potentials (ECP) were used for the group 14 atom only. As one descends group 14, the acid form remains lower in energy than the peroxide form, indicating that even for lead tetravalency is preferred. A similar trend occurs for the relative energies between the group 14 congeners of hydroperoxymethylcarbene (CH3−C̈−O−O−H) and its acid isomer, acetic acid: C, 88.1 (TZ2P); Si, 101.9 (TZ2P) and 93.1 (TZ2P-ECP); Ge, 58.7 (TZ2P) and 67.2 (TZ2P-ECP); Sn, 50.4 (TZ2P-ECP); Pb, 25.1 (TZ2P-ECP). Results with B3LYP were similar to those of BLYP though the former are somewhat more dubious due to spin contamination in the carbon congeners. Coupled cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) and CCSD with triple excitations perturbatively added (CCSD(T)) single-point energies also show similar results and favor the tetravalent acid congeners by 4−13 kcal/mol more than density functional theory.
Spectral analysis of electrocardiogram signals of the isolated guinea pig heart for the detection of arrhythmias (1982)

Fast Fourier Transform analysis of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal of the isolated guinea pig heart has been used to investigate the subtle ECG changes that precede cardiac arrhythmias. During prolonged periods of regular contractile activity, spectral analysis of the isolated guinea pig heart ECG revealed that the major frequency components were evenly distributed over the range 0-64 Hz. Prior to arrhythmias or during ischaemia however, there was a major reduction in the amplitude of the higher frequency components. Thus, Fast Fourier Transform analysis of an ECG record enables the detection of the subtle ECG configuration changes that precede cardiac rhythm disturbances. The potential application of this technique for the prediction of cardiac arrhythmias is discussed.
Corneal Ulceration and Perforation With Ketorolac Tromethamine (Acular®) Use After PRK (2006)

Judicious patient counseling is recommended when using topical NSAIDs in the setting of PRK.
All optical switching of integrated hybrid distributed feedback bistable laser (1992)

A novel type of optical bistable circuit using both optical and electrical feedback to achieve bistable operation is reported. The circuit provides genuine optical gain, can be triggered by optical inputs over a large spectral range and minimises signal feedback to previous circuits.
Inter and intra-ply shearing of uncured carbon fibre laminates (2014)

The shear behaviour of uncured carbon fibre prepreg is fundamental to avoiding process-induced defects during manufacturing of large-scale components. Shear tests for AS4/8552, are compared to a one-dimensional elastic-plastic model for combined intra-ply shear and inter-ply slip. The paper presents a methodology capable of determining the parameters of temperature and pressure at which minimum resistance to movement for a prepreg exists. Investigating the joint strength and friction values individually shows that friction increases with temperature, contrary to previous work, and that the new value of joint strength is predominant at lower temperatures. Rate dependency arises as an issue to be discussed in future work.
Effect of <i>Aloe vera</i> leaves on blood glucose level in type I and type II diabetic rat models (2001)

Aloe vera (L.) Burm. fil. (= A. barbadensis Miller) (Liliaceae) is native to North Africa and also cultivated in Turkey. Aloes have long been used all over the world for their various medicinal properties. In the past 15 years, there have been controversial reports on the hypoglycaemic activity of Aloe species, probably due to differences in the parts of the plant used or to the model of diabetes chosen. In this study, separate experiments on three main groups of rats, namely, non-diabetic (ND), type I (IDDM) and type II (NIDDM) diabetic rats were carried out. A. vera leaf pulp and gel extracts were ineffective on lowering the blood sugar level of ND rats. A. vera leaf pulp extract showed hypoglycaemic activity on IDDM and NIDDM rats, the effectiveness being enhanced for type II diabetes in comparison with glibenclamide. On the contrary, A. vera leaf gel extract showed hyperglycaemic activity on NIDDM rats. It may therefore be concluded that the pulps of Aloe vera leaves devoid of the gel could be useful in the treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
The energy requirement of the dental cutting process (1980)

The results are presented of research into the efficiency of various forms of dental burs. This research was carried out at the Delft University of Technology in collaboration with the Subfaculty of Dentistry of the Free University of Amsterdam. The process efficiency was measured during burring of both human teeth and amalgam plugs, with diamond burs and tungsten carbide burs at different speeds and diameters of the bur. Only the efficiency of the cutting process was evaluated, disregarding a number of other essential aspects of the burring process, such as the remaining surface quality after burring and the vibrations generated during burring.
Dynamics of rab5 activation in endocytosis and phagocytosis (2000)

Fluid-phase endocytosis is stimulated by H-ras-linked growth factor receptors and this stimulation requires activation of rab5. We utilized a GFP-rab5a:wt fusion protein to monitor GFP-rab5a:wt activation in living fibroblasts and in J774 macrophages. Control CHO cells that expressed GFP-rab5a:wt were cultured in serum-free conditions and showed GFP-rab5a:wt localized to endosomal vesicles with a mean diameter of 0.3 +/- 0.1 microm. Endosome fusion, membrane ruffling, and pinosome formation were rarely detected in these cells. Coexpression of H-ras:G12V, a constitutively active H-ras mutant that activates rab5a, in cells resulted in marked enlargement of labeled endosomes (mean diameter 0.7 +/- 0.2 microm) and large numbers of giant GFP-rab5a:wt-positive endosomes were present. Time-lapse recordings showed abundant fusion among giant labeled endosomes, and membrane ruffling and pinosome formation were commonly observed. Alterations in GFP-rab5a:wt endosome structure and activity in cells expressing H-ras:G12V were linked to rab5a activation because these changes were identical to those found in cells expressing GFP-rab5a:Q79L, a constitutively activated rab5a mutant. Furthermore, cells co-expressing H-ras:G12V and GFP-rab5a:S34N, an inactive rab5a mutant, exhibited no evidence of H-ras:G12V-induced endosome enlargement. To observe changes in endosome structure and activity that directly followed activation of GFP-rab5a:wt, we performed time-lapse recordings of cells cultured overnight in serum-free media after addition of EGF. EGF caused a rapid increase in endosome fusion and in membrane ruffling activity. Membrane ruffling was often associated with GFP-rab5a:wt-positive vesicle (pinosome) formation at the base of membrane ruffles. Endosome and pinosome fusion were common in EGF-stimulated cells. Phagocytosis is also regulated by GFP-rab5a:wt. J774 macrophages that expressed GFP-rab5a:wt showed transiently activation and recruitment of GFP-rab5a:wt to newly formed phagosomes that contained rhodamine-labeled Escherichia coli. These studies show that GFP-rab5a:wt activation results in dynamic alterations in the structure and activity of the early endosomal and early phagosomal elements.
Analysis of three tissue‐specific elements from the wheat <i>Cab‐1</i> enhancer (1993)

The genes encoding the major light-harvesting antenna chlorophyll a/b-binding protein (Cab) of higher plants are regulated by light at the transcriptional level. In addition, their expression is largely restricted to photosynthetically competent organs such as leaves. A 268 bp fragment of the Cab-1 promoter from wheat functions as a light-responsive and organ-specific enhancer in transgenic tobacco. Using DNase I footprinting, four different regions have been mapped (Cab1-A, Cab1-B, Cab1-C and Cab1-D) in this fragment that bind to protein factors in tobacco nuclear extracts. Three of these regions (A, B and C) coincide with sequences that have been found to be functionally important from previous cis-element analyses. Synthetic tetramers of these three sites interact with different proteins in gel retardation assays. In addition, cross-competition analyses demonstrate that Cab1-C is likely to interact with ASF-2, a tobacco DNA-binding activity that binds to a conserved GATA element found in many dicot Cab promoters. In transgenic tobacco, a 95 bp fragment of the Cab-1 enhancer containing the A, B and C regions can confer leaf expression when fused upstream of a truncated derivative of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. However, expression observed with this enhancer fragment in the promoter context of these studies does not appear to be significantly dependent on light. Similar results were obtained with synthetic tetramers of Cab1-A, -B or -C. These data thus suggest that the wheat Cab-1 enhancer contains at least three distinct elements that contribute to leaf-specific expression in transgenic tobacco. Interaction between factors binding to these positive elements and those that bind elsewhere in the Cab-1 enhancer may be necessary for light-responsive transcriptional activation.
Abdominal migraine: does it exist? (1991)

Abdominal migraine is well recognised in children, but in spite of anecdotal reports migraine is not well established as a cause of abdominal pain in adults. Functional abdominal pain is usually classified as either irritable bowel syndrome or nonulcer dyspepsia, but some patients have intermittent abdominal pain associated with headache or other migraine accompaniments and, in these, a diagnosis of abdominal migraine should be considered. It is possible that some patients with functional abdominal pain have migraine presenting with few or even no migraine accompaniments. There is no nonclinical objective standard for diagnosing migraine, and research in this area is therefore very difficult. Nevertheless, some patients with functional abdominal pain may respond to antimigraine medication and, if their symptoms are suggestive, a trial of therapy may be desirable.