gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scaling relations for multiplicative quantum mechanical operators (1984)

Scaling relations are derived for the matrix elements of a multiplicative quantum mechanical operator. While the relations have been set down earlier, the present derivation is, we believe, more transparent. In order to satisfy certain attractive properties, the coefficients in these relations have previously been identified as the principal values of improper integrals. We show here, however, that the scaling relations can be rewritten in terms of scaling coefficients which are given as proper integrals and which satisfy the same attractive properties.
<title>Interaction of merocyanine 540 with biological membranes studied by polarized fluorescence and lifetime imaging microscopy</title> (2002)

Methods of polarized fluorescence and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy were used to characterize the orientation and rotational diffusion capability of merocyanine 540 molecule bind to the model and biological membranes of single isolated cells and multilamellar liposomes. To estimate the binding properties of merocyanine in gel and fluid phases of the lipid bilayer, temperatures below and over phase-transition point of the lipid were used. Using a fluorescence microscope equipped with excitation and emission polarizers an effect of geometrically selective excitation was observed, indicating that the orientation of merocyanine chromophore is dominantly perpendicular to the membrane surface of synthetic liposomes. Using the microscope setup combined with pulsed laser excitation and gated MCP image amplifier a time-resolved fluorescence images of the phospholipid vesicles stained by merocyanine 540 were obtained, showing no apparent spatial domains of different fluorescence lifetimes in contrast to highly structured images of fluorescence intensity.
Resolving the native conformation of <i>Escherichia coli</i> OmpA (2010)

The native conformation of the 325‐residue outer membrane protein A (OmpA) of Escherichia coli has been a matter of contention. A narrow‐pore, two‐domain structure has vied with a large‐pore, single‐domain structure. Our recent studies show that Ser163 and Ser167 of the N‐terminal domain (1–170) are modified in the cytoplasm by covalent attachment of oligo‐( R )‐3‐hydroxybutyrates (cOHBs), and further show that these modifications are essential for the N‐terminal domain to be incorporated into planar lipid bilayers as narrow pores (∼ 80 pS, 1 m KCl, 22 °C). Here, we examined the potential effect(s) of periplasmic modifications on pore structure by comparing OmpA isolated from outer membranes (M‐OmpA) with OmpA isolated from cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (I‐OmpA). Chemical and western blot analysis and 1 H‐NMR showed that segment 264–325 in M‐OmpA, but not in I‐OmpA, is modified by cOHBs. Moreover, a disulfide bond is formed between Cys290 and Cys302 by the periplasmic enzyme DsbA . Planar lipid bilayer studies indicated that narrow pores formed by M‐OmpA undergo a temperature‐induced transition into stable large pores (∼ 450 pS, 1 m KCl, 22 °C) [energy of activation ( E a ) = 33.2 kcal·mol −1 ], but this transition does not occur with I‐OmpA or with M‐OmpA that has been exposed to disulfide bond‐reducing agents. The results suggest that the narrow pore is a folding intermediate, and demonstrate the decisive roles of cOHB‐modification, disulfide bond formation and temperature in folding OmpA into its native large‐pore configuration.
Radiative and Non-Radiative Recombination Processes of Photo-Generated Carriers in <i>a</i>-Si<sub><i>x</i></sub>C<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>: H (<i>x</i>∼0.2) (1983)

Photoluminescence of a -Si x C 1- x : H ( x ∼0.2) prepared by glow-discharge decomposition of tetramethylsilane is studied systematically in the picosecond time region by using tunable picosecond light pulses. At room temperature photo-generated electrons and holes are radiatively recombined at a rate of ∼5.5×10 8 s -1 and non-radiatively recombined competitively depending on the substrate temperature under the sample deposition. From the energy dependence of the lifetime of photo-generated electrons and holes, it is indicated that the optical matrix element of the radiative recombination transition is energy-independent. This fact and the quite fast radiative recombination rate are attributed to the geminate (i.e. exciton-like) radiative recombination mechanism of photo-generated electron-hole pairs which are well localized at the excited position.
Identification of Bending Stiffnesses in Symmetric Laminates using Vibrational Characteristics. (1994)

This paper presents an identification method for five bending stiffnesses of symmetric laminates using the vibrational characteristics. A rough value of bending stiffnesses is first estimated using the five lowest pairs of eigenfrequencies and eigenmodes. Then the estimation of bending stiffnesses is improved by minimizing the difference between the measured and calculated eigenfrequencies. The effect of the measurement errors on the identification results is also discussed.
Two-photon-based structured illumination microscopy applied for superresolution optical biopsy (2013)

Combining the concept of structured illumination with two-photon microscopy, two-photon grid scanning pattern microscopy (TP-GPSM) was demonstrated to provide optical section power due to two-photon excitation and super-resolution in lateral through structured illumination. Based on a laser scanning geometry, the two-photon illumination patterns were effectively produced by temporally and spatially modulating the excitation light. Several possible ways to produce structured patterns were proposed in this paper. For image reconstruction, sufficient phase-stepped images were needed. With the 2-dimensional grid scanning pattern, ten images, including two orientations and five images with different phases in each orientation are required, and a 2-fold improvement in lateral resolution can be obtained. TP-GPSM was shown to have the potential for super-resolution imaging in thick tissues.
Arginine utilization for citrulline synthesis in arginase II knockout mice (2010)

The synthesis of citrulline (Cit) from arginine (Arg) in the small intestine depends on the activity of arginase II (ARG2). To test the hypothesis that Arg is the main dietary precursor for Cit synthesis, despite the lack of ARG2, tracer studies were conducted in WT and ARG2 ko conscious mice. WT mice had a higher rate of appearance (Ra) of Cit (130 vs. 118 μmol•kg −1 • h −1 ) than ARG2 ko mice, but no difference in Ra of ornithine (Orn; 278 μmol•kg −1 • h −1 ) was observed. There were significant differences in the utilization of dietary Cit precursors. The contribution of dietary Arg to the synthesis of Cit was reduced from 44 to 11 μmol•kg −1 • h −1 due to the lack of ARG2. No arginine was utilized at the site of Cit synthesis in ARG2 ko mice (WT = 26 μmol•kg −1 • h −1 ) and the contribution of Arg through Orn was reduced (18 vs. 14 μmol•kg −1 • h −1 ). Pro and Gln utilization increased in ARG2 ko mice from 5.7 to 8.1, and 0.7 to 1.9 μmol•kg −1 • h −1 , respectively. Most of the contribution of Pro and Gln was at the site of Cit synthesis, rather than through plasma Orn. Arg is still the main dietary precursor for Cit synthesis, despite the lack of ARG2 at the site of Cit synthesis. Arg is converted to Orn elsewhere in the body, presumably by action of ARG1, and then utilized for Cit synthesis. The contribution of dietary Gln and Pro increased in ARG2 ko mice, but these amino acids are minor sources for Cit synthesis. Support: USDA 2533771314 and NIH KO1 RR24173.
Effect of chloroquine on low-density lipoprotein catabolic pathway in rat hepatocytes (1984)

Injection of 125I-low-density lipoprotein (LDL) into estradiol-treated rats substantially increases the volume of the multivesicular body compartment in hepatocytes. When these animals were additionally given chloroquine 60 and 120 min before injection of 125I-LDL, the amount of 125I retained by the liver increased threefold and the amount of label in multivesicular bodies increased fivefold, as determined by quantitative analysis of autoradiograms. Lamellar inclusions that appeared after chloroquine also contained a substantial fraction of 125I, whereas the fraction of 125I in secondary lysosomes was reduced. From these data it is concluded that the multivesicular bodies comprise an intermediate endocytic compartment, the conversion of which to secondary lysosomes is impeded by chloroquine.
Chapter 10. Facilitating STEM education through interdisciplinarity (2014)

There is increasing pressure for STEM education to reform in the direction of student-centered learning approaches, active learning, interdisciplinarity, and data-driven evaluations and assessments of student learning. These requirements derive from the need for STEM education to facilitate economic development, national health, technological innovation, and appropriate demographic representation. These contingencies create the need and opportunity for the integration of applied linguistic expertise within STEM education. In this chapter, a senior project officer from a major funding institution, a leading scientist, and a seasoned applied linguist discuss and exemplify the role and conditions in which applied linguistics can facilitate different aspects of STEM education. The Phage Hunting Integrating Research and Education (PHIRE) program is presented as an example of a collaboration that constructed shared, interdisciplinary education projects designed to enhance the program’s pedagogical mission.
The Efficacy and Safety of PPSSB (Human Prothrombin Complex) for Reversal of Oral Anticoagulation. (2005)

Abstract Oral anticoagulant use is increasing and along with it, the risk of bleeding complications. Protocols for reversal of vitamin K antagonists are not standardised with current treatment options including fresh frozen plasma (FFP), vitamin K and Human Prothrombin complex (PPSB). The advantages of PPSB over FFP include rapid reconstitution and administration, additional viral inactivation steps and high concentration of factors within a small volume. However PPSB is expensive, has putative thrombogenicity at high doses and the optimum dose has yet to be clarified. We performed a single centre, retrospective study using medical and laboratory records to look at the indications, doses used, efficacy and safety of PPSB, a plasma derived, virally inactivated concentrate, in patients who had required reversal of the oral vitamin K antagonists (VKA) warfarin and phenindione. 36 patients (16 female, 20 male) had been treated over a 2 year period with a median age of 60years (19–83). Indications for administration were reversal of VKA for a procedure or surgery (10 patients), for bleeding (7 patients) and a high international normalised ratio (INR) without bleeding (19 patients). The median dose of PPSB was 500 units (250–1000 units) of factor IX activity with 75% patients receiving this dose. Mean pre-and post-treatment INRs were: 250 units 7.38 and 2.04; 500 units 7.08 and 2.03; 1000 units 11.87 and 1.70 Reduction in INR according to initial INR Initial INR&gt;8 Initial INR&lt;8 *INR outside therapeutic range for all patients Mean pre treatment INR 11.26 (10–16.4) 3.95* (1.6–7.85) Mean post treatment INR 2.15 (1.18–3.29) 1.74 (1.2–3.3) Mean reduction in INR (%) 80.6 (71–88) 48.65 (15–77) The mean INR was reduced from 10.7 to 2.3 for isolated high INR, from 6.8 to 1.8 for those patients who were bleeding and from 2.7 to 1.4 for those undergoing a procedure or surgery. Concomitant vitamin K use had not clearly been documented. There were no thrombotic complications and adequate haemostasis was achieved in all the patients who were bleeding however one patient undergoing surgery developed a small haematoma. Previous evidence has shown PPSB to be effective in reversing the effects of VKA in life threatening bleeding however this study demonstrates that it may also be an efficacious treatment in the outpatient setting (in conjunction with vitamin K) for those with an uncomplicated high INR. Traditional dosing methods of PPSB have been on weight [dose = weight x (desired IX-actual IX)] but in this study adequate INR reduction had been achieved with smaller doses, particularly in those patients who were not bleeding and required continuation of VKA therapy. This is important in the context of avoiding thrombotic complications. Laboratory data suggests that in warfarin overdose, the reduction in factor IX activity( IX:C) plateaus out beyond an INR of 8–10 which may explain the greater reduction in INR for the same dose with a higher initial INR (table 1).
408 Fabrication of Grinding Wheel by Electrical Discharge Machining Using Dispersion of Hard Powder (2001)

The purpose of this study is to fabricate a grinding wheel by EDM to reuse a worn one. EDM with green compact electrode for metal surface modification has been used only with conductive powders. In this report, a nonconductive powder with high hardness grain is mixed with conductive powders to make a conductive mixture for accretion. As a result, nonconductive powder such as ZrO_2 grain can be used as mixture component in accretion by EDM.
Monitoring of Rusting of Stainless Steels in Marine Atmospheres Using Electrochemical Impedance Technique (2006)

The rusting of type 304 and 430 stainless steels due to occurrence of pitting corrosion has been monitored in marine and rural atmospheric environments using a remote-controlled electrochemical impedance corrosion monitoring system. The monitoring results from the marine environments showed that the rusting of type 304 progressed only under a relative humidity range from 35 to 75%, while the rusting of type 430 takes place at relative humidities over 35%. The lower limit (35%) and upper limit (75%) correspond to the relative humidities in equilibrium with the saturated and solutions, respectively. The concentration is identical with a critical chloride concentration of occurrence of pitting corrosion reported in previous studies. In the rural atmosphere, the monitoring results showed that both stainless steels are always in passive state.
Effect of dopaminergic drugs on the in vivo binding of [3H]WIN 35,428 to central dopamine transporters (1996)

[11C]WIN 35,428 (also designated [11C]CFT) is now being used in several positron emission tomography (PET) centers to image dopamine (DA) transporter sites in the mammalian brain. Whether and to what extent in vivo WIN 35,428 binding is influenced by intra- and extrasynaptic dopamine levels are largely unknown. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of various drugs, known to affect DA levels and release, on the binding of [3H]WIN 35,428 to central DA transporters in the mouse brain. D-Amphetamine, which releases DA from neurons and blocks the DA transporter directly, inhibited striatal [3H]WIN 35,428 binding in dose-dependent manner. Similarly, alpha-methyl-DL-p-tyrosine, an inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase, blocked [3H]WIN 35,428 binding, possibly via competitive inhibition by the metabolite p-hydroxyamphetamine. Specific binding of [3H]WIN 35,428 was insensitive to changes in synaptic DA levels caused by pretreatment of the animals with high doses of D2 receptor agonists (apomorphine, bromocriptine), antagonists (haloperidol) or the inhibitor of dopaminergic neuron firing gamma-butyrolactone (GBL). High doses (> 50 mg/kg) of L-DOPA (in combination with benserazide), however, reduced [3H]WIN 35,428 binding significantly, yet for a relatively short time (approximately 2.5 h). Chronic treatment with L-deprenyl elicited no changes in in vivo [3H]WIN 35,428 accumulation in the striatum. Neurotoxic damage of DA neurons caused by administration of high doses of amphetamine was detected in the striatum by a significant reduction in [3H]WIN 35,428 binding 7 days after cessation of amphetamine treatment. Thus, [3H]WIN 35,428 binding was only affected by neurotoxic loss of neurons, by administration of uptake inhibitors, or by some treatments which significantly elevate DA levels. Compounds which inhibit DA release or deplete DA acutely do not increase [3H]WIN 35,428 binding, suggesting that normal or "resting" levels of DA are not sufficient to alter [3H]WIN 35,428 binding in vivo. These findings are important for our understanding of the function and regulation of the DA transporter, as well as the in vivo binding of the radioligand [3H/11 C]WIN 35,428. Moreover, they will be important for the interpretation of PET studies in which [11C]WIN 35,428 is used to assess the integrity of dopaminergic neurons.
The neuronal connexin36 interacts with and is phosphorylated by CaMKII in a way similar to CaMKII interaction with glutamate receptors (2008)

Electrical synapses can undergo activity-dependent plasticity. The calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) appears to play a critical role in this phenomenon, but the underlying mechanisms of how CaMKII affects the neuronal gap junction protein connexin36 (Cx36) are unknown. Here we demonstrate effective binding of (35)S-labeled CaMKII to 2 juxtamembrane cytoplasmic domains of Cx36 and in vitro phosphorylation of this protein by the kinase. Both domains reveal striking similarities with segments of the regulatory subunit of CaMKII, which include the pseudosubstrate and pseudotarget sites of the kinase. Similar to the NR2B subunit of the NMDA receptor both Cx36 binding sites exhibit phosphorylation-dependent interaction and autonomous activation of CaMKII. CaMKII and Cx36 were shown to be significantly colocalized in the inferior olive, a brainstem nucleus highly enriched in electrical synapses, indicating physical proximity of these proteins. In analogy to the current notion of NR2B interaction with CaMKII, we propose a model that provides a mechanistic framework for CaMKII and Cx36 interaction at electrical synapses.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,4,6,9‐Tetraazathianthrene: A Planar Thianthrene, C8H4N4S2. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Laser oscillation of single-mode channel waveguide in Nd:MgO:LiNbO <sub>3</sub> (1989)

Laser oscillation in an Nd:MgO:LiNbO3 single-mode channel waveguide has been demonstrated. Under IR dye laser pumping, a threshold of 1.5 mW and a slope efficiency of 14%; were achieved. Laser oscillation has also been observed with diode pumping.
Removal of the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) glycosylphosphatidylinositol signal sequence from a CSP DNA vaccine enhances induction of CSP-specific Th2 type immune responses and improvesprotection against malaria infection (2001)

The C terminus of the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) is anchored to the parasite cell membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) glycolipid. This GPI signal sequence functions poorly in heterologous eukaryotic cells, causing CSP retention within internal cell organelles during genetic immunization. Cellular location of antigen has quantitative and qualitative effects on immune responses induced by genetic immunization. Removal of the GPI signal sequence had a profound effect on induction and efficacy of CSP-specific immune response after genetic immunization of BALB/c mice with a gene gun. The CSP produced from the plasmid lacking the GPI anchor signal sequence (CSP-A) was secreted and soluble, but that produced by the CSP+A plasmid was not. The CSP-A plasmid induced a highly polarized Th2 type response, in which the CSP-specific IgG antibody titer was three- to fourfold higher, and the protective effect was significantly greater than that induced by the CSP+A plasmid. Thus, these two physical forms of CSP induced quantitatively and qualitatively different immune responses that also differed in protective efficacy. Engineering plasmid constructs for proper cellular localization of gene products is a primary consideration for the preparation of optimally efficacious DNA vaccines.
Determining of migraine prognosis using latent growth mixture models (2011)

这篇论文论述的背景根据基线和纵分类病人进治疗的子类型的回顾的研究在周期性偏头痛预后就 heterogenity 而言观察了价值。在古典未来的临床的研究，参加者关于基线地位被分类并且在某个时间 period.However 以内列在后面，潜伏的生长混合模型是最合适的方法，它认为人口是 heterogenity 并且如果他们是失踪的在，是没影响的漏失随机。因此，我们计划了这全面研究在学习数据基于的 migraine.Methods 识别预示的因素 Mersin 的一个 10 年的基于计算机的后续数据大学头疼门诊病人部门。在亚群以内的发展轨道独立为头疼的严厉，频率，和持续时间被描述，每亚群的可能性被使用潜伏的生长混合模型估计。当模特儿的 SAS PROC TRAJ 过程， semiparametric 和基于组的混合来临，当时，被使用定义发展 trajectories.Results 为严厉的三组的模型(温和，中等，严重)并且频率(低，中等，高)头疼看起来适当，为持续时间的四组的模型(低，中等，高极其高)是更合适的。头疼的严厉与恶心在病人增加了，呕吐，畏光和头疼的 phonophobia.The 频率特别与增加年龄和单方的疼痛被联系。恶心和畏光与头疼 duration.Conclusions 恶心也是相关的，呕吐，畏光是最重要的因素鉴别发展 trajectories.The 宽恕时间不是为头疼的严厉，频率，和持续时间的一样。
Comparison of cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity and ocular anti-inflammatory effects of ketorolac tromethamine and bromfenac sodium (2006)

Ketorolac is relatively COX-1 selective while bromfenac is potently selective for COX-2 over COX-1. In the animal model, both ketorolac 0.4% and bromfenac 0.09% demonstrated maximal anti-inflammatory activity in treated eyes. Only bromfenac 0.09% had a significant effect on the contralateral eye, suggesting possible systemic absorption of this drug.
Genomic, structural and functional characterization of odorant binding proteins in olfaction of mosquitoes involved in infectious disease transmission (2011)

The role of odorant binding proteins in the olfaction of mosquitoes, the primary mechanism of human host recognition, has been an important focus of biological research in the field of infectious disease transmission by these insects. This thesis provides an in depth knowledge of these proteins in three mosquito species Anopheles gambiae, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. A large scale analysis on these genomes has been carried out towards the identification of the odorant binding proteins in the mosquito genomes. Identification of many new OBP members, in particular in the Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus species, and an extensive phylogenetic analysis presenting a novel classification of the OBP subfamilies of these mosquito species has been proposed. This results further demonstrates the extraordinary multiplicity and diversity of the OBP gene repertoire in these three mosquito genomes and highlights the striking sequence features that are nevertheless highly conserved across all mosquito OBPs. Owing to the availability of homologous structures from mosquitoes or related species, the 3D structure modelling of all the Classic OBPs from the three genomes (representing in total 137 structures) has been performed. This was completed by large scale docking studies on these structures by screening a large set of compounds that are known to be mosquito attractants or repellents. These provide many exciting new insights into the structural and functional aspects towards understanding the efficacy of some repellents and of some attractants from human emanations. Through molecular dynamics simulation, the structural changes observed in an OBP bounded to an odorant when pH conditions are modified were characterized and the probable mechanism of ligand binding and release is presented. This work provides the first insights to many of the long awaited questions on the genomic, structural and functional characterization of mosquito OBPs and can be viewed as a reliable starting point for further experimental research focussed on these aspects.