gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IC–P–043: Functional perfusion MRI shows decreased hippocampal signal with normal aging in ApoE4 carriers (2006)

Aging effects on hippocampal blood perfusion are poorly understood and have not been demonstrated with MRI during associative encoding. To demonstrate age related changes in hippocampal perfusion by using functional Arterial Spin Labeled MRI (ASL) in normal aging and risk for Alzheimer's disease. 12 APOE–ε4 negative (mean age=48.5 yrs, SD=12.5) and 8 APOE–ε4 positive (mean age=55.3 yrs, SD=8.3) cognitively normal subjects were scanned on a 3T GE Signa system. PICORE QUIPSS 2 pulsed ASL sequences were used for image acquisition. Stimuli included blocks of novel and previously learned face/name pairs that subjects were instructed to memorize. Blocks of fixation were interleaved between encoding tasks. Anatomic T1–weighted images were used to obtain hippocampal regions of interest (ROIs). ROIs were drawn using the FreeSurfer software package. A battery of neuropsychological tests was given to determine normal cognitive function. Correlational analyses were performed comparing age and percent volume of hippocampal activity during novel face/name associative encoding. Correlational analyses of combined groups revealed a significant negative association between right hippocampal percent volume of activation during novel encoding and age (r = –0.46, p = 0.04). This association was not seen in the left hippocampus (r = –0.21, p = 0.37). When separated by risk group, only the APOE–ε4 positive group showed a significant correlation between activations and age during novel encoding in the right hippocampus (ε4+: r = –0.80, p = 0.02; ε4–: r = –0.30, p = 0.34). The APOE–ε4 positive group was older than the APOE–ε4 negative group (p=0.04). Functional ASL is a viable technique for evaluating hippocampal perfusion during associative encoding in normal aging and in those with AD risk. Compared to people without the APOE–ε4 allele, there may be significant losses of hippocampal blood flow with aging in those with the APOE–ε4 allele during encoding.
<i>B</i>-Methoxydiisopinocampheylborane (2001)

(+) [85134-98-1] C21H37BO (MW 316.39) InChI = 1S/C21H37BO/c1-12-16-8-14(20(16,3)4)10-18(12)22(23-7)19-11-15-9-17(13(19)2)21(15,5)6/h12-19H,8-11H2,1-7H3/t12-,13-,14+,15+,16-,17-,18-,19-/m1/s1 InChIKey = IAQXEQYLQNNXJC-NQWKWHCYSA-N (−) [99438-28-5] InChI = 1S/C21H37BO/c1-12-16-8-14(20(16,3)4)10-18(12)22(23-7)19-11-15-9-17(13(19)2)21(15,5)6/h12-19H,8-11H2,1-7H3/t12-,13-,14+,15+,16-,17-,18-,19-/m0/s1 InChIKey = IAQXEQYLQNNXJC-JPDDNCELSA-N (intermediate for the synthesis of B-allyl- and B-crotyldiisopinocampheylboranes;2 reacts with potassium hydride to form an asymmetric reducing agent3) Physical Data: mp >110 °C. Form Supplied in: white solid; commercially available; typical impurities include the disproportionation products IpcB(OMe)2 and B(OMe)3. Analysis of Reagent Purity: 11B NMR (δ +52). Preparative Methods: prepared in two steps from either (+)- or (−)-α-pinene (eq 1). (1)
Methane production from marine biomass (2014)

The overall concept of the giant brown kelp farm and conversion system, the integrated research program engaged in its study, and IGT's work on biogasification process development are discussed. A summary of results to date on anaerobic digestion will be emphasized. (MHR)
Pteroic Acid Derivatives. III. Pteroyl-γ-glutamylglutamic Acid and Pteroyl-γ-glutamyl-γ-glutamylglutamic Acid (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPteroic Acid Derivatives. III. Pteroyl-γ-glutamylglutamic Acid and Pteroyl-γ-glutamyl-γ-glutamylglutamic AcidJ. H. Boothe, J. Semb, C. W. Waller, R. B. Angier, J. H. Mowat, B. L. Hutchings, E. L. R. Stokstad, and Y. SubbaRowCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 7, 2304–2308Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01175a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01175a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Augmentation of boiling heat transfer by utilizing EHD effect(2nd report, EHD behavior of boiling bubbles and heat transfer characteristics). (1990)

In order to investigate the augmentation mechanism of boiling heat transfer by utilizing electrohydrodynamical (EHD) phenomena, basic experiments and analyses of bubble behavior under the condition applying electric fields and temperature gradients, have been carried out. It was made clear that boiling bubbles increased greatly and were forced to move around the surface violently, and the area between bubbles and heating surface effective for boiling heat transfer enlarged.
High performance Fully-vertical GaN-on-Si power MOSFETs (2019)

We report the first demonstration of fully-vertical power MOSFETs on 6.6-μm-thick GaN grown on a 6-inch Si substrate by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). A robust fabrication method was developed based on a selective and local removal of the Si substrate as well as the resistive GaN buffer layers, followed by a conformal deposition of a 35-μm-thick copper layer on the backside by electroplating, which provides excellent mechanical stability and electrical contact to the drain terminal. The fabrication process of the gate trench was optimized, improving considerably the effective mobility at the p-GaN channel and the output current of the devices. High performance fully-vertical GaN-on-Si MOSFETs are presented, with low specific on-resistance (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on,sp</sub> ) of 5 mΩcm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and high off-state breakdown voltage (BV) of 520 V. Our results reveal a major step towards the realization of high performance GaN vertical power devices on cost-effective Si substrates.
Development of diabetic cardiomyopathy and the kallikrein-kinin system – new insights from B1 and B2 receptor signaling (2008)

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a specific cardiomyopathy which develops in patients with diabetes mellitus in the absence of coronary atherosclerosis and hypertension. Despite the potential importance of this disease entity, the underlying mechanisms are only incompletely understood. Changes in calcium handling, disruption of the extracellular matrix regulation with accumulation of cardiac collagen, and furthermore cardiac inflammation may be an important mediator of this disease. This brief review focuses on the current aspects of the kallikrein-kinin system and its influence on the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy with particular regard to the kinin receptors B1 and B2, as their role in the development of this disease is still under discussion. Whether the role of the B1 receptor is similar to the well-described beneficial role of the B2 receptor or whether its function is opposed to the B2 receptor is controversial. Some recent findings suggest that the B1 receptor mediates cardiac inflammation and therefore may be detrimental for cardiac function in the setting of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Temperature-Dependent Excited State Absorption in DNA and LNA Oligomers Supports an Emerging Model of Excited State Dynamics in DNA (2009)

Transient absorption measurements of excited states in DNA and LNA were performed using a femtosecond pump-probe arrangement with excitation at 266 nm and absorption monitored at 400 nm while varying the sample temperature between 5 C and 70 C. Samples consisted of adenine monophosphate monomer, polyadenine 12-mer in singlestranded form, and polyadenine 12-mer in hybridized form. Excited states decayed in a biphasic manner with short-lived ( 1 ) and long-lived ( 2 ) components, while the monomer had only a 'single' short-lived decay time. Temperature increases increased absorption intensities and reduced 1 until they approached those of the monomer at high temperatures (where stacking is minimal). These results suggest that the initial excitation in stacked regions is cooperative and involves several bases and that the number of bases involved is reduced with increasing temperature. In contrast, increasing temperatures had little effect on 2 while absorption intensities decreased, suggesting that very few, perhaps only two, stacked bases are involved and that their number is reduced at higher temperatures. We found no clear evidence of melting point transitions indicating that those excited states probed with our arrangement were not dependent on base pairing. Our results are consistent with and strengthen an emerging consensus model of excited state dynamics in DNA wherein a UV photon is absorbed collectively by electronically coupled and thus well-stacked intrachain bases. This collective excitation results in a Frenkel exciton that is delocalized over these bases, and the Frenkel exciton then decays rapidly to a long-lived, lower energy, dark intrachain exciplex.
Improvements in avionics-durability analyses (2002)

A software tool called ELIFE has been developed which will predict the fatigue life of solder joints, component leads, and plated through holes. ELIFE is also capable of identifying the critical components which require analysis, greatly simplifying life predictions. The results of complex finite element analyses of printed circuit assemblies are an integral part of the software, but are transparent to the user. Experimental tests have been used to improve the accuracy of ELIFE. Thermal, mechanical, and dynamic test results were used to obtain material properties previously unavailable. Test results were also used to validate the analytical models.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
"Effect of Water Dispersible Polymers on the Properties of Superplasticized Cement Paste, Mortar, and Concrete" (1989)

Svnovsis: A study was designed to assess the merits of polymer addition to superplasticized cement paste, mortar and concrete. Three superplasticizersa sulfonated melamine formaldehyde, a sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde and a commercial superplasticizer were used in combina tion with experimental polymers.
SENIOR DESIGN ORGANIZATION SYNOPSIS - SPRING 2013 SUB FOLDING MACHINE A PROJECT SPONSORED BY MR. NORMAN WARTMAN (2013)

A good portion of machines that are fabricated in today’s society are generally created to fulfill a need. This project is not an exception to this statement. One of the main purposes of designing this system is to reduce a tedious, time consuming task that is nonetheless necessary in the workplace today. In doing so, our hope is that this improvement will allow employees of these various businesses to instead focus their attention to other tasks that could make them more efficient. In addition to easing the process, we aim to utilize technology to expand the life of the end product. Typical corporate sandwich shops today are generally laid out to function as small assembly lines. In this process, the customer is given the choice of bread, meat and vegetables and then asked to decide between various condiments. Once the customer is satisfied with their choice, it is then wrapped and packaged. Although assembly lines have proven to be efficient historically, the wrapping and packaging of the sandwich does not add additional value to the end product. It is merely a necessary task so the customer may take their sandwich “on-the-go”. It is this particular area that is of interest to us. We believe we can not only automate this step in the assembly line, but can actually turn this seemingly tedious task into a value adding task. The idea is relatively simple; research vacuum sealing technology and incorporate it into an automated process. The use of vacuum sealed bags is beneficial. It will keep the aroma of the sandwich from taking over the refrigerator should the customer not finish the entire sandwich in one sitting, as well as allow the freshness to be preserved for a longer period of time. The second challenge is to incorporate a conveyor-type system that will feed the sandwiches into the vacuum bags for packaging. This is the most important step, for this will ultimately enable the employee to perform other tasks adding efficiency to the overall process. This project is multi-faceted in that it has business challenges in addition to the engineering and governmental challenges presented. This added complexity is brought on by the product’s marketability and interaction with the consumer public. Meaning, the ultimate design and development of the solution must take into account aesthetics as well as ease-of-use, all the while remaining compliant with governmental regulations.
Enantioselektiver Aufbau quartärer Stereozentren (2001)

Die stereoselektive Knüpfung von C-C-Bindungen ist von zentraler Bedeutung für die Synthese enantiomerenreiner Natur- und Wirkstoffe. Dank eines großen Arsenals chiraler Auxiliare, Reagentien und Katalysatoren ist der Aufbau tertiärer Stereozentren in der Regel mit hoher Zuverlässigkeit möglich. Dagegen ist die Synthese komplexer Moleküle mit quartären Stereozentren eine wesentlich anspruchsvollere Aufgabe. Jede enantioselektive Synthesemethode demonstriert ihren Wert, wenn es um den Aufbau dieser vollständig substituierten Kohlenstoffzentren geht. Der vorliegende Kurzaufsatz stellt exemplarisch einige neuere stöchiometrische und katalytische Methoden zusammen, die ihre besondere Eignung mit dem enantioselektiven Aufbau von quartären Stereozentren bewiesen haben.
The Addition of Triphenylmethyl to 2-Methylbuten-1-yne-3 (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Addition of Triphenylmethyl to 2-Methylbuten-1-yne-3A. F. Thompson Jr. and Douglas M. SurgenorCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1943, 65, 3, 486–487Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01243a512https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01243a512research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views33Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Development of Simulink Based Modeling Platform for 3.3kV/400A SiC MOSFET Power Module (2018)

The main objective of this paper is to develop a Simulink based modeling platform for a commercial 3.3 kV/400 A SiC MOSEFT power module. The implemented equivalent circuit of 3.3 kV SiC MOSFET in Simulink platform is based on the original well-established single-chip Mc Nutt/Hefner model. The developed model has been validated with the experimental data both for static and dynamic tests at several temperatures. The dynamic simulations have further been verified with various gate resistances that accurately describes the transient operation during turn-on and turn off of the pulse sequence. The influence of various parasitic elements (i.e., stray inductances) have been studied. Finally, the operation of a Buck converter, whose switch consists of two modules in series, has been verified, studying the converter efficiency under various circuit parameters.
Determinação dos níveis de exposição de metais em trabalhadores da construção naval: impactos e desafios (2016)

Objective: To determine levels of metals (Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Zn) in environmental and biological samples. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 17 workers of a large shipbuilding of the State of Rio de Janeiro aged between 18 and 65 years, with time in work function of at least 3 years. The survey was conducted between 2012 and the first half of 2013.
Clinical Analysis of 17 Cases Beginning Treatment with Erlotinib the Day After Terminating Gefitinib for Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (2012)

背景．進行再発非小細胞肺癌に対して，gefitinib耐性後erlotinib投与の病勢制御率は30％程度と考えられているが，その適応など一定のコンセンサスは未だ得られていない．我々はgefitinibの再投与により抗腫瘍効果がみられる症例が存在することを報告したが，それらは再投与までにある程度の期間が存在しており，gefitinibの感受性細胞の再増殖がその主因と考えている．当施設においてこれまでgefitinib投与終了翌日からerlotinibの投与が開始された症例のみを後向きに検討した．EGFR-TKI-free intervalがない症例のみでerlotinibの効果を検討した報告はこれまでない．対象・方法．抗癌化学療法後あるいは初回治療としてgefitinibが投与され，投与終了翌日よりerlotinibが開始された17例の抗腫瘍効果と効果持続期間を後向きに検討した．結果．女性/男性 9例/8例，56～83歳（中央値70歳），非喫煙者/喫煙者 9例/8例，すべて腺癌，EGFR遺伝子変異あり/なし 14例/3例，IIIB/IV期/術後再発 2例/9例/6例，gefitinib投与前のレジメン数は0/1/2/3/4/5回が3/6/5/2/0/1例であった．Erlotinib投与でPRはみられなかったが，17例中9例でSDと判定し，うち4例は脳転移の改善を認め，erlotinibの投与期間中央値は160日（53～350日）であった．一方erlotinib投与でPDと判定した8例中7例はexon 19欠失あるいはexon 21 L858R点突然変異を有し，gefitinibに対しPR以上の効果を示し長期投与されていたものが多かった．結論．Gefitinibに耐性化後もerlotinibは治療選択肢の1つと考えられ，特にgefitinibが長期投与されていない例，脳転移を有する例でerlotinibへの変更は考慮されるべき治療の1つと考えられる．
Oversynthesis of a New <i>Escherichia coli</i> Small RNA Suppresses Export Toxicity of DsbA′-PhoA Unfoldable Periplasmic Proteins (2001)

In Escherichia coli, the DsbA'-PhoA hybrid proteins carrying an unfoldable DsbA' fragment can be targeted to the envelope, where they exert their toxicity. Hybrid proteins stick to the periplasmic face of the inner membrane and paralyze the export mechanism, becoming lethal if sufficiently overproduced and if not degraded by the DegP protease (A. Guigueno, P. Belin, and P. L. Boquet, J. Bacteriol. 179:3260-3269, 1997). We isolated a multicopy suppressor that restores viability to a degP strain without modifying the expression level of the toxic fusion. Suppression does not involve activation of the known envelope stress-combative pathways, the Cpx pathway and the sigma(E) regulon. Subclone analysis of the suppressor revealed a 195-bp DNA fragment that is responsible for toxicity suppression. The cloned gene, called uptR, is approximately 130 bp long (including the promoter and a transcription termination signal) and is transcribed into a small RNA (92 nucleotides). Using site-directed mutagenesis, we found that UptR RNA does not require translation for toxicity suppression. UptR-mediated action reduces the amount of membrane-bound toxic hybrid protein. UptR RNA is the first example of a small RNA implicated in extracytoplasmic toxicity suppression. It appears to offer a new way of suppressing toxicity, and its possible modes of action are discussed.
Educating the Brain (2010)

Abstract But you have no idea how frightfully interesting it is to take a human being and change her into a quite different human being by creating a new speech for her. -George Bernard Shaw, Pygmalion
Evaluation of a Latex Agglutination Kit (Virogen Rotatest) for Detection of Bovine Rotavirus in Fecal Samples (2001)

The performance of the Virogen Rotatest latex agglutination test (LAT) was evaluated for detection of bovine rotavirus antigen. Sixty-three fecal samples from diarrheic calves were collected from November 1999 to May 2000 and screened by LAT, the Rotazyme II enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and virus isolation (VI) followed by an anti-rotavirus fluorescent-antibody (FA) test to detect the presence of group A rotavirus antigen. Of the 63 samples screened by VI-FA, 33 (58%) tested positive for rotavirus antigen. When the results from the LAT were compared to those from VI-FA, the "gold standard" for detection of bovine rotavirus in fecal samples, the sensitivity and specificity were found to be 87.8 and 73.3%, respectively. Latex agglutination compared with ELISA (the reference method) showed 100% sensitivity and 96.3% specificity, and when ELISA was compared with VI, the sensitivity was 84.8% and the specificity was 73.3%. Latex agglutination is easy to perform in a short time and does not require expensive equipment or skilled personnel, and the reagents have long shelf lives. These factors make the LAT suitable and highly efficient for use in a clinical laboratory as a rapid screening test for bovine rotavirus.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Substituted Furans and Pyrroles by Heterocyclodehydration and Tandem Heterocyclodehydration—Hydration of 3‐Yne‐1,2‐diols and 1‐Amino‐3‐yn‐2‐ol Derivatives. (2013)

Abstract A general and convenient method for the synthesis of furans and pyrroles is reported.
Alopecia Areata Increases the Risk of Stroke: a 3-year Follow-Up Study (2015)

Abstract The risk for stroke in alopecia areata (AA) patients is still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the risk for subsequent risk of a stroke in AA patients in a large-scale retrospective cohort study. We identified 3231 patients with AA included in the study group from 2004 to 2011 in the “Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000” in Taiwan. We randomly selected 16,155 matched patients as the comparison group. We individually tracked each patient for a 3-year period to identify patients who had received a diagnosis of stroke during the follow-up period. We found that incidence rates of stroke during the 3-year follow-up periods were 5.44 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.03 ~ 7.20) and 2.75 (95% CI = 2.30 ~ 3.27) per 1000 person-years for patients with and those without AA, respectively. Cox proportional hazard regressions showed that the adjusted hazard ratio for stroke for those patients with AA was 1.61 (95% CI = 1.13 ~ 2.30) within the follow-up period compared to the controls. We concluded that patients with AA were associated with a higher risk of stroke in the 3-year follow-up period.
X-ray microanalysis of native airway surface liquid collected by cryotechnique. (1998)

The airway surface liquid (ASL) that lines the surface epithelium of the tracheobronchial tree is of vital importance to the airway defence against microbial invasion and damage due to environmental factors. Little is known about the ASL collected in situ in native conditions, owing to difficulties in collecting ASL without causing damage to the airway mucosa. We have developed a method to collect and analyse the elemental composition of tracheal ASL in pathogen-free mice. A specially designed cryoprobe, adapted to the internal curvature of the mouse trachea, was used to collect the native ASL from the tracheal surface. The complete ASL elemental composition including [Na] = 5.5 +/- 0.3, [Cl] = 1.3 +/- 0.3, [K] = 1.1 +/- 0.2, [Ca] = 1.2 +/- 0.3, [P] = 1.5 +/- 0.8, [S] = 1.7 +/- 0.4 and [Mg] = 1.3 +/- 0.4 mmol L-1 was determined by X-ray micro-analysis. We demonstrate here that the technique that we used for ASL collection maintained perfectly the airway epithelial integrity and functionality.