gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Akt-Mediated Regulation of Autophagy and Tumorigenesis Through Beclin 1 Phosphorylation (2012)

Aberrant signaling through the class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt axis is frequent in human cancer. Here, we show that Beclin 1, an essential autophagy and tumor suppressor protein, is a target of the protein kinase Akt. Expression of a Beclin 1 mutant resistant to Akt-mediated phosphorylation increased autophagy, reduced anchorage-independent growth, and inhibited Akt-driven tumorigenesis. Akt-mediated phosphorylation of Beclin 1 enhanced its interactions with 14-3-3 and vimentin intermediate filament proteins, and vimentin depletion increased autophagy and inhibited Akt-driven transformation. Thus, Akt-mediated phosphorylation of Beclin 1 functions in autophagy inhibition, oncogenesis, and the formation of an autophagy-inhibitory Beclin 1/14-3-3/vimentin intermediate filament complex. These findings have broad implications for understanding the role of Akt signaling and intermediate filament proteins in autophagy and cancer.
Practical performance of Bloom filters and parallel free-text searching (1989)

Bloom filter technique of hashing finds several applications, such as in efficient maintenance of differential files, space efficient storage of dictionaries, and parallel free-text searching. The performance of hash transformations with reference to the filter error rate is the focus of this article.
Stabilization of positronium by laser fields (1996)

We consider the problem of a positronium atom interacting with one or two laser fields with the goal of extending its lifetime. Ps annihilates essentially only from S states, so the lasers are used to populate the excited P and D states. The coherent trapping phenomenon yields a state which can be arranged to have no S components and is therefore stable against annihilation. Additional phenomena such as resonance, fluorescence and ionization repopulate the S state and destroy the absolute stability. We find that the net result is an optimal extention of the lifetime by about a factor of 2 for the three-state triplet case and 20 for the three-state singlet case.
Application of Task-Driven Case Teaching Method in Advanced Mathematics Teaching (2020)

This paper expounds the advantage and significance of task-driven case teaching method in higher mathematics classroom teaching, and focuses on the specific application of task-driven case teaching method in advanced mathematics classroom teaching, hoping to provide some reference for advanced mathematics teaching.
Structure, Thermal Stability, and Deformation of Multibranched Carbon Nanotubes Synthesized by CVD in the AAO Template (2001)

Multibranched carbon nanotubes were grown by pyrolysis of acetylene in an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template with and without catalytic Co particles at the pore bottom. HRTEM structure analysis shows that both types of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) exhibit the same multiwall features, which consist of cylindrically stacked flakes, and the channel structures, either straight or multi branched, have no effect on the tube wall structure. The pore internal surface of the AAO template plays a catalytic role for the decomposition of acetylene. Due to the poor crystallinity of the present CNTs, their thermal stability in air is lower than that of CNTs by the carbon arc method, but it is better than that of the refined mixed fullerenes. AFM examination reveals that the CNTs can be easily squashed by the interaction between the tip and sample; the height profile can be used to measure the tube wall thickness under contact mode. The formation of CNTs without catalyst deposition gives a reliable and convenient way to study the complex channel structure of the AAO template.
Study of argon/oxygen plasma used for creation of aluminium oxide thin films (1999)

"The aim of this work was to investigate a low temperature plasma used for plasma oxidation. The experiments were performed in a system for plasma chemical surface modification of thin films. In our experiments we used a DC discharge or capacitively coupled RF discharge to generate the plasma in various oxygen/argon mixtures. The main diagnostic techniques applied to determine plasma parameters were the optical and probe diagnostics. The combination of the above mentioned diagnostic techniques enabled to evaluate the influence of plasma parameters during plasma oxidation upon the quality of the aluminium oxide films"
Wavefront sensors for adaptive optical systems (2010)

A high precision Shack-Hartmann wavefront (WF) sensor has been developed on the basis of a low-aperture off-axis
diffraction lens array. The device is capable of measuring WF slopes at array sub-apertures of size 640x640 μm with an
error not exceeding 4.80 arcsec (0.15 pixel), which corresponds to the standard deviation equal to 0.017λ at the
reconstructed WF with wavelength λ . Also the modification of this sensor for adaptive system of solar telescope using
extended scenes as tracking objects, such as sunspot, pores, solar granulation and limb, is presented.
The software package developed for the proposed WF sensors includes three algorithms of local WF slopes estimation
(modified centroids, normalized cross-correlation and fast Fourier-demodulation), as well as three methods of WF
reconstruction (modal Zernike polynomials expansion, deformable mirror response functions expansion and phase
unwrapping), that can be selected during operation with accordance to the application.
Retention of Three Heavy Metals (Zn, Pb, and Cd) in a Calcareous Soil Controlled by the Modification of Flow with Geotextiles (2004)

Although geotextiles are increasingly employed in stormwater infiltration basins, their influence on the flow and transfer of contaminants, such as heavy metals, has not been fully investigated. Leaching column experiments were conducted to characterize the flow and transfer of three heavy metals (zinc, lead, and cadmium) in a calcareous soil with and without geotextiles under steady-state flow and close to saturation forthe soil. The influence of geotextiles was characterized for two types of geotextiles (needlepunched and thermosealed) and for two different initial saturation degrees for the needlepunched geotextile. The main results showed that, when placed wet, the needlepunched geotextile had no influence. When placed dry, it homogenized the flow in its surroundings and thus allowed better contact between heavy metals and the reactive soil, resulting in an increase of their retention. The thermosealed geotextile, placed dry, homogenized the flow and increased retention over a larger area, resulting in optimal global retention. In conclusion, geotextiles could be used in infiltration basins, provided that their effect on both flow and heavy metal retention is optimized by appropriate design--choice of geotextiles--and appropriate monitoring--control of hydric conditions.
Fast Pedestrian Detection with Laser and Image Data Fusion (2011)

In this paper, we proposed a pedestrian detection system based on laser and image data fusion. The high speed of laser data based location and precise of image based classification are fully explored. First, laser scanner point data is clustered into segments, each of which implies a pedestrian candidate. Then, the segments are projected to the image domain to form regions of interest (ROI) on the image, given camera calibration parameters. Finally two SVM classifiers on Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) features are used to precisely locate pedestrians on the ROI. Experiments report over 30 times higher speed than the state-of-the-art method and a comparable detection rate.
An In Vitro Analysis of a One-Way Arterial Check Valve (1995)

The utilization of a centrifugal pump during extracorporeal circulation may result in retrograde blood flow through the circuit. The non-occlusive characteristics of a centrifugal pump could create a condition where regurgitant flow is possible when the pressure in the cannulated vessel exceeded the pressure in the extracorporeal circuit. The reversal of flow, from patient to pump, could entrain air from multiple points including cannulation sites, suture holes, or open vessels or chambers. The following study was conducted to evaluate the ability of an arterial check valve (ACV) to prevent retrograde flow. An in vitro circuit was designed to evaluate the flow dynamics of an ACV under a variety of test conditions including the following: flow rates between 0 and 7.5 L/min, and at temperatures of 37°, 25° and 15°C. The design characteristics of the ACV permitted easy priming, aided by gentle turbulence at the junction of the valve attachment to the casing. There was no difference in pressure drop across the ACV at any flow when compared to an identical circuit without the valve. The pressure drop across the ACV never exceeded 5 mmHg, at any temperature, when flow was less than 2 L/min. Retrograde leak volume was determined by creating "back" pressures on the valve, ranging from 25 to 500 mmHg. One ACV malfunctioned at a back pressure of 250 mmHg, and the data for that valve was omitted for comparative purposes. On the remaining valves, leak volume did not exceed 1.2 ml, and was a result of the compliance of the leaflet structures causing a slight volume displacement due to valve motion in a retrograde fashion. The results of this study show that the ACV permitted unimpeded, unidirectional flow at all operating conditions considered clinically relevant, and may be efficacious in alleviating the chance of retrograde circuit flow.
Vanishing point detection without any a priori information (2003)

Even though vanishing points in digital images result from parallel lines in the 3D scene, most of the proposed detection algorithms are forced to rely heavily either on additional properties (like orthogonality or coplanarity and equal distance) of the underlying 3D lines, or on knowledge of the camera calibration parameters, in order to avoid spurious responses. In this work, we develop a new detection algorithm that relies on the Helmoltz principle recently proposed for computer vision by Desolneux et al (2001; 2003), both at the line detection and line grouping stages. This leads to a vanishing point detector with a low false alarms rate and a high precision level, which does not rely on any a priori information on the image or calibration parameters, and does not require any parameter tuning.
Indocyanine Green Nanoparticles Useful for Photomedicine (2006)

Polymeric NPs work as an efficient drug delivery system for PDT drugs, and this approach can be used in the administration of amphiphilic photosensitizers in the treatment of neoplasic cells.
A Near-Capacity MIMO Coded Modulation Scheme for Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting (2015)

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), which can provide ultrahigh data transmission rate, is one of the key technologies for the next generation digital terrestrial television broadcasting (DTTB) standards. This paper proposes a near-capacity MIMO bit-interleaved coded modulation scheme with either independent or iterative demapping (BICM/BICM-ID) for the DTTB system. First, the amplitude phase shift keying (APSK) constellation with Gray mapping is proposed to replace the conventional Gray quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) counterpart. From the perspective of average mutual information analysis, Gray-APSK has certain shaping gain compared to Gray-QAM for both independent and iterative demapping schemes. Besides the APSK constellation, a novel bit interleaver named bit mapping, which takes into account the unequal error protection of both APSK constellations and low-density parity-check codes, is proposed to further improve the system performance. The tool of extrinsic information transfer chart is utilized to analyze and design the optimal bit mapping for the BICM/BICM-ID scheme. Bit error rate simulations are finally carried out to verify the superiority of the proposed MIMO coded modulation scheme.
Anaesthesia and Post-operative Analgesia following Experimental Surgery in Laboratory Rodents: Are we Making Progress? (2005)

Current attitudes to the use of animals in biomedical research require that any pain or distress should be minimised. This can often be achieved by the use of appropriate anaesthetic and analgesic regimens. There, is however, little information on the peri-operative regimens used. A literature review was conducted to estimate how commonly analgesics are administered to laboratory rodents, the most widely used species of laboratory animals, and to assess the anaesthetic regimens employed. Studies describing potentially painful experimental procedures involving rodents were identified from peer-reviewed journals published from 1990 to 1992 and from 2000 to 2002. In papers published between 2000 and 2002, if analgesic administration was not specified, the institutional veterinary surgeons or authors of the papers were contacted by e-mail to obtain additional information on analgesic use. From 1992 to 2002, there was an increase in the reported prevalence of analgesic administration to laboratory rodents from 2.7% to 19.8%. Although the use of analgesics has increased over the past ten years, the overall level of post-operative pain relief for laboratory rodents is still low. Anaesthetic methodology changed markedly between the two time-periods sampled. Notably, there was an increase in the use of isoflurane and of injectable anaesthetic combinations such as ketamine/xylazine, whereas the use of ether and methoxyflurane decreased.
Nonlinear versus linear recursion: a perspective from computing transitive closures of a binary relation by the join domain nested loops approach (2002)

The author considers a more general class of transitive closure of a binary relation by relaxing the linear variable binding of the original transitive closure. A syntactical (i.e. grammatical) approach is used to analyze the properties of this class of recursive rules. The existing directed algorithms for computing the (standard) transitive closure of a binary relation actually compute a nonlinear recursion. In recursive query processing, linear recursion was 'preferred to' nonlinear recursion probably because of the lack of efficient algorithms for computing nonlinear recursion rather than because linear recursion is more likely to occur than nonlinear recursion. A linear transitive closure is semantically subsumed by its corresponding nonlinear transitive closure. The author provides counter-evidence through the worst case analysis of computing nonstandard transitive closures to show that computing nonlinear recursive rules is simpler than computing linear ones by using the join domain nested loops approach, even though linear recursive transitive closure is semantically subsumed by its corresponding nonlinear recursive transitive closure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Efficient locking for concurrent operations on B-trees (1981)

The B-tree and its variants have been found to be highly useful (both theoretically and in practice) for storing large amounts of information, especially on secondary storage devices. We examine the problem of overcoming the inherent difficulty of concurrent operations on such structures, using a practical storage model. A single additional “link” pointer in each node allows a process to easily recover from tree modifications performed by other concurrent processes. Our solution compares favorably with earlier solutions in that the locking scheme is simpler (no read-locks are used) and only a (small) constant number of nodes are locked by any update process at any given time. An informal correctness proof for our system is given.
Effect of stoichiometry on the phases present in boron nitride thin films (1994)

Boron nitride thin films were deposited by ion-assisted evaporation and characterized by neutron depth profiling (NDP), a nondestructive method for the compositional analysis of solids. The phases present in the films were determined by infrared spectroscopy. Examination of the data presented here and comparison with the work of other authors revealed that stoichiometric or nearly stoichiometric films contained the greatest amount of the cubic phase. This led to the proposition that film stoichiometry is one of the factors that stabilize cubic boron nitride in boron nitride thin films. A shift in the position of the cubic boron nitride infrared absorption was also observed by the present authors which was related to film stoichiometry. Discussion of the various techniques commonly used to determine the stoichiometry of boron nitride thin films emphasized the need for all stoichiometry measurements to be made using the same characterization method in order for all results to be compared with confidence. The advantages of NDP, such as its high accuracy and depth profiling capability, make it a suitable candidate for this application.
Pro‐apoptotic effect of endogenous H <sub>2</sub> S on human aorta smooth muscle cells (2006)

Cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) is a key enzyme in the trans-sulfuration pathway, which uses L-cysteine to produce hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The CSE/H2S system has been shown to play an important role in regulating cellular functions in different systems. In the present study, we overexpressed CSE in human aorta smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) using a recombinant defective adenovirus containing CSE gene (Ad-CSE). Infection of HASMCs with Ad-CSE resulted in a significant increase in the expression of CSE protein and H2S production. Ad-CSE transfection inhibited cell growth and stimulated apoptosis, as evidenced by cell viability assay, Hoechst 33258 staining, TUNEL, and caspase 3 activation. CSE-mediated apoptosis was associated with an increased ERK and p38 MAPK activation, up-regulation of p21(Cip/WAK-1), and down-regulation of cyclin D1 expression. After inhibiting endogenous background CSE gene expression, direct administration of H2S at 100 microM induced apoptosis of HASMCs. The other two endproducts of CSE-catalyzed enzymatic reaction, ammonium and pyruvate, failed to do so. These results demonstrate that overexpression of CSE stimulates SMC apoptosis due to an increased endogenous production of H2S. Adenovirus-mediated transfer of CSE gene may provide a novel therapeutic approach in treating vascular diseases linked to abnormal cellular proliferation and vascular remodeling.
Pharmacology of HI-6, an H-series oxime (1989)

HI-6 is an oxime experimentally developed for reactivation of previously untreatable soman-phosphorylated acetylcholinesterase. It has been shown to be effective in restoring acetylcholinesterase activity after poisoning with other "nerve agents" namely VX and sarin; however, its antidotal qualities for the treatment of organophosphorus pesticide poisoning are not well known. HI-6, and other H-series oximes, apparently act in a number of ways: reactivation of acetylcholinesterase, blockage of ganglia and muscarinic receptors, stimulation of vasopressor and respiratory centre receptors, chemical combination with agents, restoration of neuromuscular transmission, retardation of the formation of the aged inhibitor-enzyme complex, and (or) inhibition of the release of acetylcholine.
Identifizierung von Substanz Nr. 763 aus Strophanthus speciosus und S. Boivinii als Strospesid (Desgluco‐digitalinum‐verum). Glykoside und Aglykone, 93. Mitteilung (1952)

Abstract Das früher als Substanz Nr. 763 bezeichnete Glykosid ist als Strospesid (= Desgluco‐digitalinum‐verum = Gitoxigenin‐3‐β‐d‐digitalopyranosid) identifiziert worden. Die Spaltung mit HCl in Aceton gab neben krist. d‐Digitalose wenig Gitoxigenin und Dianhydrogitoxigenin.
Elevated TMEM106B levels exaggerate lipofuscin accumulation and lysosomal dysfunction in aged mice with progranulin deficiency (2017)

Mutations resulting in haploinsufficiency of progranulin (PGRN) cause frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43-positive inclusions (FTLD-TDP), a devastating neurodegenerative disease. Accumulating evidence suggest a crucial role of progranulin in maintaining proper lysosomal function during aging. TMEM106B has been identified as a risk factor for ﻿frontotemporal lobar degeneration ﻿with progranulin mutations and elevated mRNA and protein levels of TMEM106B are associated with increased risk for frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Increased levels of TMEM106B alter lysosomal morphology and interfere with lysosomal degradation. However, how progranulin and TMEM106B interact to regulate lysosomal function and frontotemporal lobar degeneration﻿ (FTLD) disease progression is still unclear. Here we report that progranulin deficiency leads to increased TMEM106B protein levels in the mouse cortex with aging. To mimic elevated levels of TMEM106B in frontotemporal lobar degeneration﻿ (FTLD) cases, we generated transgenic mice expressing TMEM106B under the neuronal specific promoter, CamKII. Surprisingly, we found that the total protein levels of TMEM106B are not altered despite the expression of the TMEM106B transgene at mRNA and protein levels, suggesting a tight regulation of TMEM106B protein levels in the mouse brain. However, progranulin deficiency results in accumulation of TMEM106B protein from the transgene expression during aging, which is accompanied by exaggerated lysosomal abnormalities and increased lipofuscin accumulation. In summary, our mouse model nicely recapitulates the interaction between progranulin and TMEM106B in human patients and supports a critical role of lysosomal dysfunction in the frontotemporal lobar degeneration﻿ (FTLD) disease progression.
THE MAINTENANCE OF SEX BY GROUP SELECTION (1989)

The traditional group-selection model for the maintenance of sex is based upon the assumption that the long-term evolutionary benefits of sexual reproduction result in asexual lineages having a higher extinction rate than sexual species. This model is reexamined, as is a related model that incorporates the possibility that sexual and asexual lines differ in their speciation rates. In these models, the long-term advantage of sex is opposed by a strong short-term disadvantage arising from the twofold reproductive cost of producing males. It is shown that once some sexual lines become established, then group selection can act to maintain sex despite its short-term disadvantage. The short-term disadvantage is included in the model by assuming that, if asexual individuals arise by mutation within a previously completely sexual species, then the asexuals quickly displace their sexual conspecifics and the species is transformed to asexuality. The probability of this event is given by the transition rate, u<sub>s</sub> . If the value of u<sub>s</sub> varies between lineages, then one of the effects of group selection is to favor groups (i.e., species) with the lowest values of u<sub>s</sub> . This occurs because lines that do convert to asexuality (because of a high u<sub>s</sub> ) are doomed to a high rate of extinction, and in the long term only those that do not convert to asexuality (because of a low u<sub>s</sub> ) survive. The net result of group selection is that sex is maintained because of its lower extinction rate (or higher speciation rate) and because asexual mutants only rarely arise.
Analysis of influence on back-EMF based sensorless control of PMSM due to parameter variations and measurement errors (2011)

To achieve better performance of sensorless control of PMSM, a precise and stable estimation of rotor position and speed is required. Several parameter uncertainties and variable measurement errors may lead to estimation error, such as resistance and inductance variations due to temperature and flux saturation, current and voltage errors due to measurement uncertainties, and signal delay caused by hardwares. This paper reveals some inherent principles for the performance of the back-EMF based sensorless algorithm embedded in a surface mounted PMSM system adapting vector control strategy, gives mathematical analysis and experimental results to support the principles, and quantify the effects of each. It may be a guidance for designers to minify the estimation error and make proper on-line parameter estimations.