gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glycosaminoglycan synthesis by cultured human hair follicle dermal papilla cells: comparison with non-follicular dermal fibroblasts (1992)

The extracellular matrix of the hair follicle dermal papilla is rich in glycosaminoglycans, the expression of which varies during the hair growth cycle being maximal in anagen and becoming undetectable as the follicle enters telogen. These observations, together with other experimental and clinical evidence, suggest that glycosaminoglycans may be involved in regulating hair growth. To investigate the metabolism of glycosaminoglycans by the dermal papilla we have measured the incorporation of radiolabelled precursors into glycosaminoglycans released into extracellular matrix and culture medium by cultured human dermal papilla cells. We also studied glycosaminoglycan synthesis by cells cultured from the lower follicular connective tissue sheath and by non-follicular dermal fibroblasts. Compared with dermal fibroblasts, dermal papilla cells showed a three to fourfold higher level of incorporation of 35S-sulphate and 3H-glucosamine into extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans. Dermal papilla cells also released more 3H-glucosamine-labelled glycosaminoglycan into culture medium than dermal fibroblasts but there was no difference in 35S-sulphate labelling. These findings indicate that dermal papilla cells maintain a high level of glycosaminoglycan synthesis in vitro. Specific enzyme/chemical degradation showed that dermal papilla cells and dermal fibroblasts synthesized the same glycosaminoglycan types. However, the results suggested that dermal papilla glycosaminoglycans are less sulphated than those synthesized by dermal fibroblasts and that a higher proportion of sulphated glycosaminoglycans is retained in an extracellular matrix. The synthesis of glycosaminoglycans by connective tissue sheath cells was similar to that of dermal papilla cells, supporting the view that the dermal papilla and connective tissue sheath share certain properties.
Physical characterization of sub‐32‐nm semiconductor materials and processes using advanced ion beam–based analytical techniques (2012)

The authors have addressed the application of advanced ion beam–based analytical techniques to various physical characterization aspects in sub‐32‐nm semiconductor front‐end‐of‐line materials and processes. We have presented the application of 18 O‐isotope labeling in combination with SIMS depth profiling to follow O‐migration in high‐ k /metal gate stacks. We have also demonstrated the application of complementary low‐energy ion scattering and time‐of‐flight SIMS surface analysis to determine high‐ k thin film closure and growth mode for different deposition techniques. We have also proposed alternative Dynamic Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (DSIMS) protocols for the quantitative analysis of phosphorous ultra‐shallow junctions, resulting in more accurate near‐surface P‐profile and in situ B‐doped Si 1− x Ge x epitaxial films with explicit correction of sputter and ionization yield variations as function of [Ge]. We have demonstrated the feasibility of backside SIMS on appropriate III–V high‐mobility channel stacks, resulting in unprecedented depth resolution at the source/drain metal–contact/III–V interface. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular analysis of Nogo expression in the hippocampus during development and following lesion and seizure <sup>1</sup> (2003)

The Nogo gene encodes an integral membrane protein mainly responsible for the neurite inhibition properties of myelin. Here, we analyzed the expression pattern of Nogo-A, Nogo-B, and Nogo-C and Nogo-66 receptor (Ng66R) mRNA during hippocampal development and lesion-induced axonal sprouting. Nogo-A and Nogo-B and Ng66R transcripts preceded the progress of myelination and were highly expressed at postnatal day zero (P0) in all principal hippocampal cell layers, with the exception of dentate granule cells. Only a slight Nogo-C expression was found at P0 in the principal cell layers of the hippocampus. During adulthood, all Nogo splice variants and their receptor were expressed in the neuronal cell layers of the hippocampus, in contrast to the myelin basic protein mRNA expression pattern, which revealed a neuronal source of Nogo gene expression in addition to oligodendrocytes. After hippocampal denervation, the Nogo genes showed an isoform-specific temporal regulation. All Nogo genes were strongly regulated in the hippocampal cell layers, whereas the Ng66R transcripts showed a significant increase in the contralateral cortex. These data could be confirmed on protein levels. Furthermore, Nogo-A expression was up-regulated after kainate-induced seizures. Our data show that neurons express Nogo genes with a clearly distinguishable pattern during development. This expression is further dynamically and isoform-specifically altered after lesioning during the early phase of structural rearrengements. Thus, our results indicate a role for Nogo-A, -B, and -C during development and during the stabilization phase of hippocampal reorganization. Taken together with these data, the finding that neurons in a highly plastic brain region express Nogo genes supports the hypothesis that Nogo may function beyond its known neuronal growth inhibition activity in shaping neuronal circuits.
Traumatic Myositis Ossificans of the Quadriceps in Infants (1998)

Acute traumatic myositis ossifications is uncommon and usually occurs in adolescents and young adults after a significant direct blow to the affected muscle. It is extremely rare in infants, and we have been able to find only two other cases in the English literature. We present two cases of traumatic myositis ossificans in infants who, except for the use of diagnostic ultrasonography, would have been misdiagnosed as having osteomyelitis (Patient 1) and a possible malignancy (Patient 2).
Effects of diversity in cognitive restructuring skills on human-computer performance (1994)

The objective of this study was to determine if more efficient performance in hierarchical computer environments could be obtained from field-dependent (low technical aptitude) individuals by manipulating information structuring requirements. A three-dimensional (task complexity, quality of integration, and level of differentiation) conceptual model was proposed to explain differences in memory organization which were suggested to lead to computer performance differences. The model was tested with 36 subjects, 18 identified as field-dependent and 18 as field-independent. The subjects performed the information search task under three task conditions, two structured by the experimenter and one by the subjects. The results indicated that the effects of differences in the organization of task information on computer performance time can be controlled for by providing subjects with a period of time dedicated to the acquisition of a system's structure.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of A direct requirement for Hedgehog signaling for normal specification of all ventral progenitor domains in the presumptive mammalian spinal cord. (2002)

Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: A direct requirement for Hedgehog signaling for normal specification of all ventral progenitor domains in the presumptive mammalian spinal cord.
Investigating Interaural Frequency-Place Mismatches via Bimodal Vowel Integration (2014)

For patients having residual hearing in one ear and a cochlear implant (CI) in the opposite ear, interaural place-pitch mismatches might be partly responsible for the large variability in individual benefit. Behavioral pitch-matching between the two ears has been suggested as a way to individualize the fitting of the frequency-to-electrode map but is rather tedious and unreliable. Here, an alternative method using two-formant vowels was developed and tested. The interaural spectral shift was inferred by comparing vowel spaces, measured by presenting the first formant (F1) to the nonimplanted ear and the second (F2) on either side. The method was first evaluated with eight normal-hearing listeners and vocoder simulations, before being tested with 11 CI users. Average vowel distributions across subjects showed a similar pattern when presenting F2 on either side, suggesting acclimatization to the frequency map. However, individual vowel spaces with F2 presented to the implant did not allow a reliable estimation of the interaural mismatch. These results suggest that interaural frequency-place mismatches can be derived from such vowel spaces. However, the method remains limited by difficulties in bimodal fusion of the two formants.
Intracellular Crystal Formation as a Mechanism of Cytotoxicity in Murine Pulmonary<i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>Infection (2001)

Rod-like crystalline structures formed during eosinophilic Cryptococcus neoformans pneumonia in C57BL/6 mice. Crystals were found associated with yeast cells and free in host cell cytoplasm. The crystals apparently formed because of the interaction of a host protein with the cryptococcal polysaccharide. Crystal formation likely contributes to pathogenesis by causing cellular damage.
Robust Multiuser Interference Cancellation for OFDM Systems With Frequency Offset (2006)

In orthogonal frequency division multiple access systems clusters of subcarriers are assigned to different users for parallel data transmissions. The subcarriers are overlapped, but orthogonal to each other such that there is no intercarrier interference (ICI). However, synchronization errors among users cause the loss of the orthogonality and introduce ICI resulting in multiple-access interference. Synchronization between users is particularly difficult in the uplink channel where the user signals are potentially asynchronous and affected by different frequency offsets due to misalignment in carrier frequencies and Doppler shifts. This paper proposes a method to lower the effects of different frequency offsets among user signals in an OFDMA uplink system. The multiple access interference due to the user frequency misalignments is reduced by reconstructing and removing the interfering signals in the frequency domain. An approach based on the selective cancellation method, is proposed and its performance is analyzed by means of theoretical analysis and computer simulations. The effectiveness of the proposed system has been evaluated in the case of ideal and no-ideal frequency offset estimation and has been compared with that of the classical successive and parallel cancellation schemes. Simulation results show that the proposed approach allows performance close to the ideal case, i.e., with ideal frequency synchronization among users, with a low increase of the implementation complexity. Moreover, it is also highlighted here, that the successive cancellation method slightly outperforms the selective scheme, at the expense of a higher computational complexity and processing delay
Internal AU‐rich elements modulate activity of two competing 3′ splice sites in plant nuclei (1997)

In vivo analyses using an autonomously replicating Agrobacterium/geminivirus vector have enabled identification of AU-rich intronic elements critical for 5' and 3' splice site selection in dicot plant nuclei and development of a model for pre-mRNA intron recognition in plant nuclei. To determine the minimal length, spacing and nucleotide compositions constraining recognition of the 3' boundary of an intron, two or four nucleotide substitutions have been introduced into the two AU-rich elements located between 50 and 66 nucleotides upstream from the 3' splice site of maize Adh1 intron 3. In each case tested, substitutions in the distal left element (-62 to -66) inactivate the downstream 3' splice site at -1 more effectively than substitutions in the proximal right element (-50 to -55). Guanosine or cytosine substitutions in either element reduce recognition of the -1 site significantly; adenosine substitutions have a less severe effect. Mutations in both of these AU elements additively block recognition of the downstream 3' splice site. The strong additive effect of these mutations supports a model in which short sets of AU islands bind interactive factors and cooperatively modulate usage of the downstream splice site. In contrast to the uridine requirements documented for the 3' terminus of plant introns, adenosines are partially interchangeable with uridines within this internal region of the intron.
Les agitateurs auto-aspirants. Partie II : Dimensionnement et extrapolation (2004)

Dans la partie I, nous avons présenté et classé en trois catégories les différentes technologies d'agitateurs auto-aspirants. Nous avons également proposé quelques notions afin de faire un choix entre ces différents systèmes. Dans cette seconde partie, nous allons voir comment dimensionner et extrapoler ces agitateurs. Le dimensionnement va reposer sur l'utilisation de corrélations préalablement calées sur des résultats expérimentaux. Pour l'extrapolation, problème toujours délicat, nous présenterons les résultats publiés.
Improved Nuclear Level Densities via Identification of Spurious Levels (2005)

An accurate value of the nuclear resonance spacing is crucial for determination of level densities. Level densities are key input for the calculation of nuclear reaction rates and cross sections. This paper discusses various effects that can adversely impact the average level spacing, with special emphasis on the issue of quantum number assignment. The most striking property of spacings of resonances with the same quantum number is level repulsion. We investigate how a simple test based on level repulsion can be used in the identification of spin misassignment and provide new experimental verification of the proposed test. Proton resonances obtained in the 44Ca+p reaction are used as an example. In addition, s‐wave neutron resonances in the 238U+n reaction are considered.
Short-term Preoperative Octreotide Treatment of GH-secreting Pituitary Adenoma: Predictors of Tumor Shrinkage (2006)

We reviewed the cases of 32 patients with growth hormone (GH)-secreting macroadenoma who underwent short-term octreotide treatment before transsphenoidal surgery to determine which types of adenoma the preoperative treatment were sensitive and whether predictors of tumor shrinkage could be identified. The effects of preoperative octreotide treatment, endocrinologic effect and effect on tumor volume in 32 patients were evaluated retrospectively in relation to tumor features on magnetic resonance images and responses to endocrinologic challenge tests. At a daily dose of 300 microg for 2-3 weeks, octreotide reduced serum GH and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels to 31.9 % and 51.6% of pretreatment values, respectively, and led to a mean tumor volume of 68% of pretreatment volume in 52% of the patients. The endocrinologic effect and the effect on tumor volume were larger in Knosp grades 0-2 than in Knosp grades 3-4. Tumor shrinkage occurred significantly more often among patients that had a good response to both octreotide and bromocriptine challenge tests. For surgical removal of the tumor, the effect of reducing tumor to 68% of pretreatment volume will be beneficial for the macroadenomas of Knosp grades 1-2. Preoperative short-term octreotide treatment is effective for GH-secreting macroadeomas of Knosp grades 1-2 and a good response to both octreotide and bromocriptine challenge tests is a predictor of subsequent tumor shrinkage. These results will lead to more effective selection of patients for preoperative octreotide treatment.
ChemInform Abstract: SELECTIVE OXIDATION OF POLYENES WITH 2,4,4,6‐TETRABROMOCYCLOHEXADIENONE (TBCO). PART XXVI (1978)

Abstract Terpen‐De?vate wie (I), (V), (VIII) und (XI) werden durch Tetrabromcyclohexadienon (II) in Gegenwart von Wasser selektiv zu Bromhydrinen, in Gegenwart von Methanol zu Brom‐methylethern umgesetzt.
A tenant interface for energy and maintenance systems (2003)

We describe the design of a user interface for energy and maintenance systems in commercial buildings. The user interface is for use by occupants (tenants) of commercial buildings. Our hypothesis is that by allowing tenants access to information from the energy and maintenance systems and by giving them some control over these systems, energy and maintenance performance can be improved. We used interviews with potential users and existing energy and maintenance databases to guide the design.
Performance of a 22Cr-20Ni-18Co-Fe Alloy for Service to 870°C (2025)

Tensile, creep, relaxation, and cyclic tests were performed on a 22Cr-20Ni-18Co-Fe alloy that was a candidate for the fabrication of a tubesheet to support ceramic particulate barrier filters in a hot-gas cleanup system. The tubesheet was expected to operate at temperatures to 870°C, and the duty cycle involved several hundred thermal cycles. Tensile data and vendor creep data were used to formulate a simple deformation model to describe tensile and creep behavior. The applicability of the model to problems involving relaxation and cyclic hardening was examined and an assessment was made regarding the importance of hardening and recovery at temperatures in the range 800 to 870°C. Finally, the model was applied to the problem of stress versus strain response during thermal cycling between 300 and 870°C. Results were compared with experimental thermal cycling test results and reasonable agreement was obtained. A stress rupture correlation based on vendor-supplied data was then produced and used to calculate life damage summation for three creep-fatigue tests at 870°C. It was found that the experimentally observed lives were substantially greater than those calculated from linear damage summation. Thus linear damage summation was judged to be a conservative approach to life prediction for thermal cycling conditions of the tubesheet.
Adaptive controller for a Fourier Transform Spectrometer with space applications (2015)

This paper presents an adaptive controller for CIRIS (Compositional InfraRed Interferometric Spectrometer) implemented on a stand-alone field programmable gate array (FPGA) architecture with emphasis on space applications in radiation environments such as Europa. CIRIS is a novel take on traditional Fourier Transform Spectrometers (FTS) and replaces linearly moving mirrors (characteristic of Michelson interferometers) with a constant-velocity rotating refractor to variably phase shift and alter the path length of incoming light. This design allows for a compact and robust device, making it ideal for spaceborne measurements in the near-IR to thermal-IR band (2-12 μm) on planetary exploration missions. The instrument's embedded microcontroller is implemented on a VIRTEX-5 FPGA and a PowerPC with the aim of sampling the instrument's detector and optical rotary encoder in order to construct an interferogram. Subsequent signal processing provides spectral immunity from the noise effects of radiation encountered during space flight to destinations such as Europa. A variety of signal processing techniques, including radiation peak removal, resampling, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), filtering, dispersion correction, and spectral calibration processes are applied in real-time to compose the sample spectrum. The instrument's FPGA controller is demonstrated with the FTS to highlight its suitability for implementation in space systems.
A new look at the sequential development of elbow-ossification centers in children. (1998)

The pattern and sequence of ossification of the six secondary ossification centers around the elbow in the child were mainly derived from studies done >30 years ago. This series reexamined the sequence and pattern based on a cross-sectional study of the elbow radiographs of 1,577 Chinese children with elbow injuries; age range, from newborn to 17 years. The ratio of girls to boys was 1:2. Each child had a radiograph of the normal and the injured elbow giving a total of 3,154 radiographs. A percentile chart of ossification was constructed for each of the ossification centers in both sexes for easy reference. No differences in the timing and ossification pattern were found between the right and left elbow or between the normal and injured elbow in this study. The sequence of ossification in both boys and girls was found to be the same (i.e., the capitulum first, followed by the radial head, medial epicondyle, olecranon, trochlea, and last, the lateral epicondyle). The ages at which 50% of the girls were found to have positive radiologic ossification for each of these centers were ages 1, 5, 5, 9, 9, and 10 years, respectively. In boys, with the exception of the capitulum, an average delay of 2 years was found in each of the ossification centers, although the sequence remained similar.
Increased Moisture Uptake of NCM622 Cathodes after Calendering due to Particle Breakage (2021)

As moisture presents a critical contamination in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), electrodes and separators need to be post-dried before cell assembly. The moisture adsorption, desorption and re-adsorption of electrodes during processing is strongly dependent on their material system, manufacturing route and microstructure. The microstructure, in turn, is significantly defined by the coating density, which is adjusted by calendering. As a consequence, the calendering step is expected to directly influence the moisture sorption behavior of electrodes. This is why the influence of different coating densities and structural properties on the moisture content of NCM622 cathodes was investigated in this study. For increasing density, an increasing moisture content was detected by Karl Fischer Titration and sorption measurements. SEM and BET analyses showed an increasing amount of NCM622 particle breakage, accompanied by a rising surface area. Hence, the increased moisture uptake of cathodes with higher density is mainly caused by a higher surface area, which results from particle cracking and breakage during calendering. Electrochemical analysis showed that the increased active surface area of cathodes with higher densities leads to a good performance during formation and at low C-rates. However, the reduced porosity impairs the ionic conductivity and causes capacity loss at higher C-rates.
A multiphoton laser scanning microscope setup for transcranial <i>in vivo</i> brain imaging on mice (2005)

We describe a multiphoton laser scanning microscope setup for transcranial in vivo brain imaging in mice. The modular system is based on a modified industrial standard Confocal Scanning Laser Microscope (CSLM) and is assembled mainly from commercially available components. A special multifunctional stage, which is optimized for both laser scanning microscopic observation and preparative animal surgery, has been developed and built. The detection unit includes a highly efficient photomultiplier tube installed in a Peltier-cooled thermal box shielding the detector from changes in room temperature and from distortions caused by external electromagnetic fields. The images are recorded using a 12-bit analog–to–digital converter. Depending on the characteristics of the staining, individual nerve cells can be imaged down to at least 100μm below the intact cranium and down to at least 200μm below the opened cranium.