gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[1-.beta.-Mercaptopropionic acid,2-(3,5-dibromo-L-tyrosine)]oxytocin, a potent inhibitor of oxytocin (1975)

[1-Beta-Mercaptopropionic acid,2-(3,5-dibromo-L-tyrosine)]oxytocin was synthesized from a protected polypeptide intermediate that had been prepared by the condensation of S-ethylcarbamoyl-beta-mercaptopropionyl-3,5-dibromotyrosine with H-Ile-Gln-Asn-Cys(Ec)-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2, using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in dimethylformamide. The ethylcarbamoyl (Ec) protecting groups were removed by refluxing NH3, and the resulting disulfhydryl peptide was oxidatively cyclized to the corresponding disulfide by ICH2CH2I. Purification of the analog was effected by partition chromatography and gel filtration. The analog possesses antioxytocic (pA2 = 7.05) and antiavian vasodepressor (pA2 = 7.44) activities but has neither agonist nor antagonist activity in the rat pressor assay.
New closed-form solutions for Karnik-Mendel algorithm+defuzzification of an interval type-2 fuzzy set (2012)

Karnik-Mendel (KM) algorithms used for type reduction (TR) followed by defuzzification are commonly used in interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems (IT2 FLSs). Up until now no closed-form solution has existed for KM+defuzzification. Our paper gives, for the first time, a Taylor-series approximation to KM+defuzzification. The first term in the approximation is the Nie-Tan (NT) formula, and the second-term (which is actually the third-order term in the Taylor series) is a correction to it. One very interesting fact is that the Taylor series approximation is itself iterative (as is the KM Algorithm) in that the second term depends on the first term. Simulations show that the first term is a very good approximation to KM+defuzzification.
Compartmentalization of the Exocyst Complex in Lipid Rafts Controls Glut4 Vesicle Tethering (2006)

Lipid raft microdomains act as organizing centers for signal transduction. We report here that the exocyst complex, consisting of Exo70, Sec6, and Sec8, regulates the compartmentalization of Glut4-containing vesicles at lipid raft domains in adipocytes. Exo70 is recruited by the G protein TC10 after activation by insulin and brings with it Sec6 and Sec8. Knockdowns of these proteins block insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Moreover, their targeting to lipid rafts is required for glucose uptake and Glut4 docking at the plasma membrane. The assembly of this complex also requires the PDZ domain protein SAP97, a member of the MAGUKs family, which binds to Sec8 upon its translocation to the lipid raft. Exocyst assembly at lipid rafts sets up targeting sites for Glut4 vesicles, which transiently associate with these microdomains upon stimulation of cells with insulin. These results suggest that the TC10/exocyst complex/SAP97 axis plays an important role in the tethering of Glut4 vesicles to the plasma membrane in adipocytes.
Some remarks on the unique factorization in certain semigroups of classical $L$-functions (2007)

In this note we investigate problems related to the unique factorization of some semigroups of classical $L$-functions. The semigroups of Artin and automorphic $L$-functions as well as the semigroup generated by the Hecke $L$-functions of finite order are studied. The main result of the paper shows that in the latter semigroup the unique factorization into primitive elements does not hold. This closes a possible way of attacking the famous Dedekind conjecture concerning the divisibility of the Dedekind zeta functions.
Nematic-liquid-crystal light scattering in a symmetry-breaking external field (1989)

A dynamic depolarized light-scattering experiment in the presence of a symmetry-breaking magnetic field was conducted on homeotropically aligned dihexylazoxybenezene (DHAOB). This experiment gives direct evidence for the presence of a lowest-order fluctuation mode and its dynamical behavior in a destabilizing magnetic field.
High Efficiency Valve Design by Robust Design of Experiments (1998)

When we design a valve system there are many design factors and their values to decide. Generally, design factors which affect the whole performance of compressors are strongly related to each other so we can't decide the value of each design factors respectively. In order to decide the optimum value (among levels) of those factors simultaneously and reduce the number of experiments we applied robust design of experiment in this paper. Thereby we performed the experiment with great efficiency and found out that the degree of contribution of each factors to the whole performance of compressors quantitatively. By applying this experimental method (robust design of experiment) we developed highly efficient valve system for refrigeration compressors relatively short time and with low cost compare to conventional development process. INTRODUCTION Compressors are core part of refrigeration cycle and refrigeration capacity and performance of whole system are affected by them. In this respect, studies about improvement of efficiency of compressor have continuously performed. And because the green house effect of the earth has been accelerated, demands for highly efficient electric home appliances have been increased. In household refrigerators, power consumption of compressors occupy over 80% of whole power consumption of refrigerators. So it is evident that development of efficient compressor is essential for making refrigerator which have low power consumption. For improving efficiency of compressor, we have to decide many values of design factors. At this stage, not only are simulation(theoretical) methods used, but also experimental methods are used. But it is very difficult to find the exact value of design factors by theoretical method only. Because, there are many assumptions to simulate real systems, we usually use theoretical methods to find trends and predict design values qualitatively. And finally, experimental mer:hods are used to find exact value of design factors. In this paper, we focused on experimental method.
A comparison of a priori threshold setting procedures for speaker verification in the CAVE project (2002)

The issue of a priori threshold setting in speaker verification is a key problem for field applications. In the context of the Caller Verification in Banking and Telecommunications (CAVE) project, we compared several methods for estimating speaker-independent and speaker-dependent decision thresholds. Relevant parameters are estimated from development data only, i.e. without resorting to additional client data. The various approaches are tested on the Dutch SESP database.
Grain boundary energy changes during grain growth in nickel and 316L austenitic steel (1986)

Changes in the energy of a grain boundary (GB) population during selective grain growth in nickel and 316L austenitic steel after critical strain have been studied using the thermal grooves method. It was found that the average GB energy γgb increases as a function of the annealing temperature, and consequently as a function of the average grain size d. These changes are interpreted in terms of reactions between GBs during growth. The critical condition for growth to occur is that dγgb must be less than (γgb/d) dd.MST/246
Examination of steroid-induced changes in LHRH gene transcription using 33P-and 35S-labeled probes specific for intron 2. (1996)

We previously demonstrated that estrogen, but not progesterone, induces a increase in LHRH messenger RNA levels between 0800 and 1200 h in numerous of the rostral preoptic area/organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (rPOA/OVLT). To determine whether these changes are a result of increased transcription, we used in situ hybridization histochemistry to examine the temporal effects of estradiol (E2) and progesterone on cellular levels of intron-2-containing LHRH heteronuclear RNA transcripts. To make our method sufficiently sensitive to detect changes in these levels, we used 33P/35S probes to minimize both background and grain stacking over labeled cell nuclei. We found that levels of LHRH heteronuclear RNA rose between 0800 and 1000 in OVX, E2-treated rats, remained elevated at 1200 h, and declined by 1400 h. Progesterone did not affect these E2-induced changes. Our results suggest that an E2-dependent signal initiates LHRH gene transcription in neurons of the rPOA/OVLT hours before LHRH release begins and that progesterone does not affect this signal.
Lecture notes on approximation algorithms: Volume I (1993)

These lecture notes are based on the course CS351 (Dept. of Computer Science, Stanford University) offered during the academic year 1991-92. The notes below correspond to the first half of the course. The second half consists of topics such as MAX SNP, cliques, and colorings, as well as more specialized material covering topics such as geometric problems, Steiner trees and multicommodity flows. The second half is being revised to incorporate the implications of recent results in approximation algorithms and the complexity of approximation problems. Please let me know if you would like to be on the mailing list for the second half. Comments, criticisms and corrections are welcome, please send them by electronic mail to rajeev@cs.stanford.edu.
Prediction of Transmitted Force between Components under Operating Condition for Reduction of Vibration and Noise. (1995)

Complex structure assembled by many components need to reduce vibration and noise caused by the vibration considering not one part but all part of components. This paper pays attention to structural modification for the noise and the vibration reduction based on transmitted force between components under operating condition. First, frequency response functions of main component, which includes vibration source, and sub-components, which do not include vibration source are measured by modal analysis. Each component is connected at a few points and some sub-components are assumed to cause problem of the noise and the vibration. Second, a location where the transmitted force from the main component to the sub-component decreases is investigated by using mass struc-tural modification, furthermore it is confirmed that this method can reduce not only the vibration but also the noise caused by the vibration.
Progress in Drug Research / Fortschritte der Arzneimittelforschung / Progrès des recherches pharmaceutiques (1984)

Volume 28 of 'Progress in Drug Research' contains 8 articles, a subject index for this volume, an alphabetic subject index for volumes 1-28, and an author and subject index for all the volumes which h
<title>Subsampled device-independent interchange color spaces</title> (1991)

This paper extends the authors' work on device-independent interchange color spaces. The authors add the additional requirement that a desirable interchange space exhibit good performance when two of its dimensions are encoded at lower spatial resolution than the other constituent, either by subsampling or other methods. Many important bandwidth compression algorithms use such encodings. The authors define luminance contamination, a new measure for interchange space performance under subsampling, supply a test for this property, and report results for a set of proposed device-independent color spaces. The occurrence of large, infrequently occurring errors in RGB color spaces with low luminance contamination is also reported. The authors discuss the conversion of a device-independent representation to popular device spaces by means of trilinear interpolation and find, for a given accuracy, some spaces require substantially fewer lookup table entries than do others.
Discrimination of heterogenous mRNAs encoding strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors in Xenopus oocytes by antisense oligonucleotides. (1989)

Three synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides complementary to different parts of an RNA encoding a glycine receptor subunit were used to discriminate heterogenous mRNAs coding for glycine receptors in adult and neonatal rat spinal cord. Injection of the three antisense oligonucleotides into Xenopus oocytes specifically inhibited the expression of glycine receptors by adult spinal cord mRNA. In contrast, the antisense oligonucleotides were much less potent in inhibiting the expression of glycine receptors encoded by neonatal spinal cord mRNA. Northern blot analysis revealed that the oligonucleotides hybridized mostly to an adult cord transcript of approximately 10 kilobases in size. This band was also present in neonatal spinal cord mRNA but its density was about one-fourth of the adult cord message. There was no intense band in the low molecular weight position (approximately 2 kilobases), the existence of which was expected from electrophysiological studies with size-fractionated mRNA of neonatal spinal cord. Our results suggest that in the rat spinal cord there are at least three different types of mRNAs encoding functional strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors.
Continuous-Wave Optical Parametric Oscillators, Flexible Sources for Spectroscopy & Metrology (2000)

This talk reports recent progress in Continuous-Wave Optical Parametric Oscillators, in particular: the use of periodically-poled nonlinear materials; novel cavity configurations, including dual-cavity, pump-enhanced and intracavity; integer ratio optical frequency generation; and applications.
Demonstration of an antibody-mediated tolerance state and its effect on antibody affinity. (1975)

We have described a model of immunological tolerance induced, in adult mice, by a single injection of a moderate dose of a hapten-protein conjugate. The data suggest that the mechanism of this tolerance state is the production of small amounts of high affinity antibody in response to the tolerance-inducing antigen injection. This antibody acts to inhibit the response to a subsequent challenge with antigen in complete Freund's adjuvant by a mechanism comparable to that of passive antibody-medicated immune suppression. It was shown that a small but high affinity. Tolerance was not terminated by transfer of normal syngeneic spleen or peritoneal cells into tolerant animals. Spleen cells from tolerant mice, when transferred into lethally irradiated, syngeneic animals, produced a PFC response which is greater in magnitude and tolerance state had a significant degree of carrier specificity which was shown to be comparable to the carrier specificity of antibody-mediated immune suppression. hus, evidence was presented to show that one mechanism of tolerance in adult animals in the suppressive effect of small amounts of high affinity antibody formed in response to the tolerizing injection of antigen.
ChemInform Abstract: SELBSTDIFFUSION VON GASEN DURCH KAPILLAREN (1973)

Abstract Die Theorie von Pollard und Present wird diskutiert und experimentell geprüft.
Cope’s Early Diagnosis of the Acute Abdomen: 20th Edition (2001)

This classic treatise continues to be an essential educational resource for any practitioner involved in the examination and diagnosis of abdominal conditions. For the internist, gynecologist, radiologist, and family physician alike, the language of the book is clear and the concepts are logically presented. Unlike standard surgical texts that describe each abdominal condition as distinct entities, Cope’s aims to teach the art of grouping symptoms and formulating differential diagnoses based on the presentation.

While the utility of various diagnostic modalities are adequately discussed (e.g., ultrasound, laboratory tests, computed tomography) in this edition, the ability to obtain an accurate history and perform a thorough physical examination remain the primary emphasis of the book. What follows is systematic analysis of symptoms and signs based on anatomic, physiologic, and embryologic principles. The reader’s understanding is further enhanced with clear illustrations and tables throughout the text as well as sixteen radiographic plates of above-average quality.

This edition also includes a chapter addressing acute abdominal conditions that are traditionally rare in the United States, but are now being observed with increasing frequency. The chapter covering abdominal complaints in immunocompromised patients is worth reviewing. Lastly, Dr. Silen gives his expert opinion on the appropriateness of current diagnostic technology, and offers sound algorithms for offering such tests.

The cost of the book is very reasonable, with fluid readability. For residents and students, the book is suitable for quick reference when encountering a new patient with abdominal complaints.
On the use of Reed-Solomon codes in Space-Time Coding (2006)

In this paper, we present an original use of Reed-Solomon (RS) codes as Space-Time Block Codes (STBCs) and compare them to orthogonal STBCs (OSTBCs). Due to their symbol structure, they can have a representation close to that of an STBC. RS codes are admittedly more complex to decode as they have no orthogonal properties. However, they offer much higher coding rates. In addition, a wide range of these codes can be easily generated. To decode them, we have developed a new algorithm using a sliding encoding-window (SEW), which is combined with the decoding-based Chase algorithm. We compare the RS(15,7) code to the Alamouti one, both having an equivalent coding rate. Its performance compared to Alamouti gets better as the receive diversity increases. Moreover, RS codes do not require the channel to remain constant over the code duration. In fact, they offer better results if the channel changes rapidly, which can be obtained virtually by introducing interleaving.
Utilization of principal component analysis on plutonium EXAFS data from the advanced photon source (2000)

Since the 1941 discovery of plutonium (Pu) by Glenn Seaborg, this enigmatic metal has been the subject of intense scientific investigation. Despite these efforts, there is still much to be learned about the unusual physical and mechanical properties of plutonium and its alloys. In particular, unalloyed Pu undergoes six allotropic phase transformations upon cooling from the melt to room temperature. Many of these phase transformations result in large volume changes and produce low-symmetry crystal structures. These unusual characteristics have made the metallurgy of Pu and Pu alloys particularly challenging.
Plasma tumour necrosis factor-α and early carotid atherosclerosis in healthy middle-aged men (2002)

The plasma TNF-alpha concentration is associated with degrees of early atherosclerosis and correlates with metabolic and cellular perturbations that are considered important for the vascular process.
Ultraviolet Photolysis of L-3-Thiomorpholinone-5-carboxylic Acid in Aqueous Solutions (1971)

The UV-photolysis of l-3-thiomorpholinone-5-carboxylic acid (TOCA) in aqueous solutions has been studied by the qualitative and quantitative analyses of the degradation products such as amino acids, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, sulfate ion and carbonyl compounds with the lapse of irradiation time. It may be concluded that the main photodegradation pathway of TOCA in aqueous solutions is the initial hydrolysis of TOCA to S-carboxymethylcysteine (COMC), which is then decarboxylated to S-methylcysteine followed by desulfurization to alanine. In addition, although the elimination of hydrogen sulfide from TOCA was also observed, the degradation product has not been characterized.
Investigation of the heterodyne beat method of measurement of magnetic susceptibility (1955)

A heterodyne beat method of determination of unstable free radicals has been investigated. A change in the magnetic susceptibility of a liquid placed inside the coil of an oscillating circuit causes a change of frequency which is measured by beating against a quartz crystal oscillator. The apparatus has been tested by determinations of paramagnetic salts and diamagnetic liquids. It is shown that the ultimate limitation on increasing the sensitivity is the temperature control of the free running oscillator. The modification of the apparatus for the detection of free radicals of half-life times down to 0.05 s is discussed.
Proteome Analysis with Classical 2D-PAGE (2012)

Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) is based on the combination of two orthogonal separation techniques. In the first dimension, proteins are separated by their isoelectric point, a technique known as isoelectric focusing (IEF). There are two important variants of IEF, which are carrier-ampholine (CA)-based IEF and immobilized pH-gradient (IPG)-based IEF. In the second dimension, proteins are further separated by their electrophoretic mobility using SDS-PAGE. Finally, proteins can be visualized and quantified by different staining procedures such as Coomassie, silver staining, or fluorescence labeling. This article gives detailed protocols for 2D-PAGE, using both CA- and IPG-based separation in the first dimension.
Effects of Phospholipid Acyl Chain Fluidity, Phase Transitions, and Cholesterol on (Na+ + K+)-stimulated Adenosine Triphosphatase (1974)

A soluble delipidized (Na + K)-stimulated ATPase was obtained from rabbit kidney outer medulla by the use of sodium deoxycholate. The activity of this enzyme was stimulated 20-fold to an activity of 100 to 120 µmoles of Pi per mg of protein per hour by either phosphatidylserine or phosphatidylglycerol. The effect of the fluidity of the hydrocarbon region of the phospholipid bilayers on this re-activation of (Na + K)-ATPase was systematically examined. Fatty acyl chains of known length and varying saturation were substituted on the phosphatidylglycerol moiety and the influence of temperature on the degree of re-activation was investigated. Discontinuities in Arrhenius plots of (Na + K)-ATPase activity were found and compared with the gel-to-liquid-crystalline transitions of these substituted phosphatidylglycerols as measured in a differential scanning calorimeter. The temperature at which the Arrhenius plot discontinuities occurred were from 1° to 8° lower than the initial rise of the main endothermic peak for the series: dimyristoyl-, dipalmitoyl-, and distearoylphosphatidylglycerols. Dioleoyl-phosphatidylglycerol which does not undergo a phase transition within the experimental temperature range was found to activate at much lower concentrations than the saturated phosphatidylglycerols, and the Arrhenius plot did not show discontinuities. In contrast, bovine brain phosphatidylserine with a heterogeneous fatty acyl chain composition showed an Arrhenius plot discontinuity which was 2° higher than the midpoint of the broad endothermic peak. The relation between the discontinuities in the Arrhenius plots of the enzyme activity and the lipid phase transitions is discussed. It is suggested that some of the discontinuities represent the completion of melting (upper limit for a broad endothermic transition), whereas others represent the beginning of melting (lower limit). For completely liquid membranes, the slopes of the Arrhenius plots are parallel and give an activation energy of approximately 15 Cal per mole. The influence of membrane fluidity was also studied by examining the effects of cholesterol at constant temperature (37°). In agreement with the above findings, cholesterol, which is known to reduce the fluidity of phospholipid fatty acyl chains, inhibits phospholipid-stimulated (Na + K)-ATPase activity. The inhibition is complete, however, only with saturated phospholipids. Partial inhibition is obtained with unsaturated phospholipids. These results are discussed in relation to phase transitions in phospholipid bilayers and biomembranes and the activity of membrane-bound enzymes. A role of cholesterol in controlling the activity of membrane-bound enzymes is suggested. Implications for protein-lipid interactions in membranes are also considered.
Immediate Provisionalization of NanoTite Implants in Support of Single‐Tooth and Unilateral Restorations: One‐Year Interim Report of a Prospective, Multicenter Study (2009)

Relative to other prospective, multicenter studies of immediately loaded implants with various surface enhancements, NanoTite implants perform comparatively well when immediately provisionalized with single-tooth and fixed restorations.