gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solution synthesis of core–shell Co<sub>9</sub>S<sub>8</sub>@MoS<sub>2</sub> catalysts (2016)

Core–shell Co<sub>9</sub>S<sub>8</sub>@MoS<sub>2</sub> unsupported catalysts prepared by a solution reaction in ethylene glycol demonstrate high catalytic activity and exceptional thermal stability.
ARRG (2007)

Gossiping is an effective way of disseminating information in large dynamic systems. Until now, most gossiping algorithms have been designed and evaluated using simulations. However, these algorithms often cannot cope with several real-world problems that tend to be overlooked in simulations, such as node failures, message loss, non-atomicity ofinformation exchange, and firewalls.
The role of ras proto oncogene expression detection in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer from specimens obtained by endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (EUS guided FNA) (1999)

Departments of1 Gastroenterology, 2Pathology and 3Pediatric Gl Unit, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
Novel PET biomarkers for breast cancer imaging (2011)

aComprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Imperial College bDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK Correspondence to Dr Adil AL-Nahhas, MSc, FRCP, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK Tel: +44 20 83834923; fax: +44 20 83831700; e-mail: [email protected] Received January 8, 2011 Accepted January 8, 2011
Analysis of responses to sarafotoxin 6a and sarafotoxin 6c in the pulmonary vascular bed of the cat (1991)

Pulmonary vascular responses to sarafotoxins 6a and 6c (S6a and S6c) were investigated in the intact-chest cat under constant flow conditions. Injections of S6a and S6c into the perfused lobar artery caused dose-related increases in lobar arterial pressure, increased left atrial pressure, and produced biphasic changes in systemic arterial (aortic) pressure. When left atrial pressure was maintained constant, injections of S6a, S6c, and endothelin 1 (ET-1) caused dose-related increases in lobar arterial pressure. The increases in lobar arterial pressure in response to S6a and S6c were not altered by treatment with a cyclooxygenase inhibitor or a thromboxane receptor blocking agent. Increases in lobar arterial pressure in response to S6a and S6c were not altered when airflow to the left lower lung lobe was interrupted by bronchial occlusion, and pressor responses were not diminished when the left lower lobe was perfused with low-molecular-weight dextran. Under conditions of controlled blood flow and constant left atrial pressure, S6a, S6b, S6c, and ET-1 had similar pressor activity, whereas the thromboxane A2 mimic, U-46619, had far greater activity when compared on a nanomolar basis. The present studies demonstrate that S6a and S6c have significant vasoconstrictor activity in the feline pulmonary vascular bed. These data suggest that pulmonary vasoconstrictor responses to the endothelin peptides are not dependent on release of cyclooxygenase products and the activation of thromboxane A2 receptors, alterations in bronchomotor tone, or interaction with formed elements in blood.
Almotriptan Reduces the Incidence of Migraine‐Associated Symptoms: A Pooled Analysis (2002)

Almotriptan provides relief from migraine-associated symptoms of nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and phonophobia, and thus represents an attractive treatment option for a wide spectrum of migraine symptomatology.
Dynamic sink oriented tree algorithm for efficient target tracking of multiple mobile sink users in wide sensor field (2005)

In this paper, we introduce an efficient target tracking scheme through a dynamic sink oriented tree (SOT) algorithm for multiple mobile sinks. The SOT is maintained by the partial link reversal algorithm to adapt to the mobile sink environment. The main objective of our proposed algorithm is to efficiently deliver location information of targets to the multiple mobile sinks. Since our protocol can construct and dynamically maintain the SOTs although the sinks moves continuously, data aggregation from target nodes to sink can be efficiently achieved through the SOT, and also, in-network processing of the aggregation process is naturally achieved. In addition, the tracking coverage of each mobile sink is wider by dynamically merging each sink's SOT. Also, we evaluated our protocol in terms of how robust it is by examining the packet loss rate with respect to the sink speed.
Evolution of a functionally related lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate decarboxylase pseudogene complex in maize (1999)

A large proportion of the maize genome is repetitive DNA (60-80%) with retrotransposons contributing significantly to the repetitive DNA component. The majority of retrotransposon DNA is located in intergenic regions and is organized in a nested fashion. Analysis of an 8.2-kb segment of maize genomic DNA demonstrated the presence of three retrotransposons of different reiteration classes in addition to lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate decarboxylase pseudogenes. Both of the pseudogenes were located within a defective retrotransposon element (LP-like element) which possessed identical long terminal repeats (LTRs) with inverted repeats at each end, a primer binding site, a polypurine tract, and generated a 5-bp target site duplication. A model describing the events leading to the formation of the LP-like element is proposed.
A fractional model of the diffusion equation and its analytical solution using Laplace transform (2012)

In this study, the homotopy perturbation transform method (HPTM) is performed to give analytical solutions of the time fractional diffusion equation. The HPTM is a combined form of the Laplace transform and homotopy perturbation methods. The numerical solutions obtained by the proposed method indicate that the approach is easy to implement and accurate. These results reveal that the proposed method is very effective and simple in performing a solution to the fractional partial differential equation. A solution has been plotted for different values of α., and some numerical illustrations are given.
Regulation of mannan synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1980)

Although a great deal is known about the chemical structure and enzymatic mechanisms involved in the assembly of yeast mannoproteins, little is known about the regulation of mannan biosynthesis. The aim of this study, therefore, was to investigate the control mechanisms involved. Two approaches were used. Firstly, the potential role of low molecular-weight effectors of mannosyltransferases was investigated. Secondly, the possible existence of an activation-inactivation mechanism of control, analogous to that which operates during chitin synthesis was explored. Mannosyltransferase activity in sphaeroplast lysates and washed membranes prepared from Saccharomyces cerevisiae X2180 was measured by following the incorporation of [14C]cjmannose from GDP-[14C]nBnnose into material precipitable with cold 0.3M perchloric acid. Mannosyl- transferase activity was optimal at low enzyme protein concentrations (l mg/ml), 50
AMBER: Automatic Supervision for Multi-Attribute Extraction (2012)

The extraction of multi-attribute objects from the deep web is the bridge between the unstructured web and structured data. Existing approaches either induce wrappers from a set of human-annotated pages or leverage repeated structures on the page without supervision. What the former lack in automation, the latter lack in accuracy. Thus accurate, automatic multi-attribute object extraction has remained an open challenge. AMBER overcomes both limitations through mutual supervision between the repeated structure and automatically produced annotations. Previous approaches based on automatic annotations have suffered from low quality due to the inherent noise in the annotations and have attempted to compensate by exploring multiple candidate wrappers. In contrast, AMBER compensates for this noise by integrating repeated structure analysis with annotation-based induction: The repeated structure limits the search space for wrapper induction, and conversely, annotations allow the repeated structure analysis to distinguish noise from relevant data. Both, low recall and low precision in the annotations are mitigated to achieve almost human quality (more than 98 percent) multi-attribute object extraction. To achieve this accuracy, AMBER needs to be trained once for an entire domain. AMBER bootstraps its training from a small, possibly noisy set of attribute instances and a few unannotated sites of the domain.
Chemistry and Pharmacology of Nicotinic Ligands Based on 6‐[5‐(Azetidin‐2‐ylmethoxy)pyridin‐3‐yl]hex‐5‐yn‐1‐ol (AMOP‐H‐OH) for Possible Use in Depression (2009)

AMOP-H-OH (sazetidine-A; 6-[5-(azetidin-2-ylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl]hex-5-yn-1-ol) and some sulfur-bearing analogues were tested for their activities in vitro against human alpha4beta2-, alpha4beta4-, alpha3beta4*- and alpha1*-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). AMOP-H-OH was also assessed in an antidepressant efficacy model. AMOP-H-OH and some of its analogues have high potency and selectivity for alpha4beta2-nAChRs over other nAChR subtypes. Effects are manifested as partial agonism, perhaps reflecting selectivity for high sensitivity (alpha4)(3)(beta2)(2)-nAChRs. More prolonged exposure to AMOP-H-OH and its analogues produces inhibition of subsequent responses to acute challenges with full nicotinic agonists, again selectively for alpha4beta2-nAChRs over other nAChR subtypes. The inhibition is mediated either via antagonism or desensitization of nAChR function, but the degree of inhibition of alpha4beta2-nAChRs is limited by the partial agonist activity of the drugs. Certain aspects of the in vitro pharmacology suggest that AMOP-H-OH and some of its analogues have a set of binding sites on alpha4beta2-nAChRs that are distinct from those for full agonists. The in vitro pharmacological profile suggests that peripheral side effects of AMOP-H-OH or its analogues would be minimal and that their behavioral effects would be dominated by central nAChR actions. AMOP-H-OH also has profound and high potency antidepressant-like effects in the forced swim test. The net action of prolonged exposure to AMOP-H-OH or its analogues, as for nicotine, seems to be a selective decrease in alpha4beta2-nAChR function. Inactivation of nAChRs may be a common neurochemical endpoint for nicotine dependence, its treatment, and some of its manifestations, including relief from depression.
Integrative analysis of genome-wide loss of heterozygosity and monoallelic expression at nucleotide resolution reveals disrupted pathways in triple-negative breast cancer (2012)

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and copy number alteration (CNA) feature prominently in the somatic genomic landscape of tumors. As such, karyotypic aberrations in cancer genomes have been studied extensively to discover novel oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. Advances in sequencing technology have enabled the cost-effective detection of tumor genome and transcriptome mutation events at single-base-pair resolution; however, computational methods for predicting segmental regions of LOH in this context are not yet fully explored. Consequently, whole transcriptome, nucleotide-level resolution analysis of monoallelic expression patterns associated with LOH has not yet been undertaken in cancer. We developed a novel approach for inference of LOH from paired tumor/normal sequence data and applied it to a cohort of 23 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) genomes. Following extensive benchmarking experiments, we describe the nucleotide-resolution landscape of LOH in TNBC and assess the consequent effect of LOH on the transcriptomes of these tumors using RNA-seq-derived measurements of allele-specific expression. We show that the majority of monoallelic expression in the transcriptomes of triple-negative breast cancer can be explained by genomic regions of LOH and establish an upper bound for monoallelic expression that may be explained by other tumor-specific modifications such as epigenetics or mutations. Monoallelically expressed genes associated with LOH reveal that cell cycle, homologous recombination and actin-cytoskeletal functions are putatively disrupted by LOH in TNBC. Finally, we show how inference of LOH can be used to interpret allele frequencies of somatic mutations and postulate on temporal ordering of mutations in the evolutionary history of these tumors.
Spectral oximetry assessed with high-speed ultra-high-resolution optical coherence tomography (2007)

We use Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) data to assess retinal blood oxygen saturation. Three-dimensional disk-centered retinal tissue volumes were assessed in 17 normal healthy subjects. After removing DC and low-frequency a-scan components, an OCT fundus image was created by integrating total reflectance into a single reflectance value. Thirty fringe patterns were sampled; 10 each from the edge of an artery, adjacent tissue, and the edge of a vein, respectively. A-scans were recalculated, zeroing the DC term in the power spectrum, and used for analysis. Optical density ratios (ODRs) were calculated as ODR[subscript Art] = ln(Tissue[subscript 855]/Art[subscript 855])/ln(Tissue[subscript 805]/Art[subscript 805) and ODR[subscript Vein] = ln(Tissue[subscript 855]/Vein[subscript 855])/ln(Tissue[subscript 805]/Vein[subscript 805]) with Tissue, Art, and Vein representing total a-scan reflectance at the 805- or 855-nm centered bandwidth. Arterial and venous ODRs were compared by the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Arterial ODRs were significantly greater than venous ODRs (1.007 ± 2.611 and −1.434 ± 4.310, respectively; p = 0.0217) (mean±standard deviation). A difference between arterial and venous blood saturation was detected. This suggests that retinal oximetry may possibly be added as a metabolic measurement in structural imaging devices.
The Role of Phonology in Reading Comprehension: Implications of the Effects of Homophones on Processing Sentences with Referentially Dependent Categories (1992)

Two experiments investigated whether phonological representations are activated in the processing of anaphors in reading, and if they are, whether they play a role in the initial (first-pass) processing of the sentence or in review (second-pass) processes. Subjects made sentence acceptability judgements for sentences that contained either verb-gaps or indefinite and personal pronouns (overt anaphors). All sentences contained homophones. Half of the semantically unacceptable sentences were phonologically plausible if the homophones were inserted in the gap (e.g. The children sleighed in the winter, and the murderer in cold blood) or used as the referent of the pronoun (e.g. There is a sale on at the store and I have one at the boat). The other half of the semantically unacceptable sentences were phonologically implausible. In both experiments, half of the subjects saw the sentences under normal viewing conditions (whole sentence condition); for the other half of the subjects the words of each sentence were presented sequentially in the centre of the video screen at the rate of 250 msec/word (RSVP condition). A large proportion of the phonologically implausible sentences in the first experiment contained phrases in the second clause which resulted in semantic “oddities” (e.g. The children sleighed in the winter, and the murderer in the jar); the sentences in Experiment 2 did not contain such oddities. In Experiment 1 subjects made more errors on the phonologically plausible than implausible unacceptable sentences with both verb-gaps and pronouns in the whole sentence but not in the RSVP condition. There was no effect of phonological plausibility in Experiment 2. As the effect of phonological plausibility was only seen in the whole sentence condition, and only when the sentences contained semantic oddities, these data suggest that phonological information was not used in the first-pass analysis of the sentence, but rather when the subject re-read the sentence to find the referent.
CD4 Count and the Risk for Death in Patients Infected with HIV Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy (1991)

In a carefully followed cohort treated with zidovudine-based antiretroviral therapy, nearly all deaths occurred in patients with fewer than 50 CD4 cells/mm3. These findings may have implications in the monitoring of patients with AIDS and in the use of CD4 count as a clinical trials end point for the antiretroviral therapy of HIV infection.
Bone invading NSCLC cells produce IL-7: mice model and human histologic data (2010)

We demonstrated that bone-invading cells express and produce IL-7, which is known to promote osteoclast activation and osteolytic lesions. Tumor-bone interaction increases IL-7 production, with an increase in IL-7 serum levels. The presented mice model of bone invasion by contiguous tumor is suitable to study bone-tumor cell interaction. IL-7 plays a role in the first steps of metastatic process.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Suppression of Myc-induced apoptosis in beta cells exposes multiple oncogenic properties of Myc and triggers carcinogenic progression. (2002)

Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: Suppression of Myc-induced apoptosis in beta cells exposes multiple oncogenic properties of Myc and triggers carcinogenic progression.
The tower nozzle solid freeform fabrication technique (2010)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a simple, easy to implement powder delivery strategy for solid freeform fabrication (SFF) processing. Design/methodology/approach A specially designed “tower nozzle” located at the center of the processing area dispenses the feedstock powders continuously and uniformly onto the processing area, where powders accumulate progressively as a flat powder bed. During the dispensing, powders are selectively consolidated by melting and solidification using a laser beam which was scanned in a predefined pattern using a galvo‐mirror scan head. Findings Experiments performed with AISI H13 steel show that the tower nozzle powder delivery strategy is suitable for SFF processing. Practical implications Both powder delivery and laser consolidation are performed simultaneously and without interruption with simple apparatus. No powder delivery scrapers or rollers are used. Originality/value The main characteristics of a prototype tower nozzle and the typical processing conditions used to form thin wall AISI H13 steel shapes are presented.
Intensity fluctuations in the emission from an argon ion laser (1979)

The response of the intensity to discharge-current fluctuations in an Ar+ laser was studied experimentally. It was shown that the extremely high sensitivity of the laser emission intensity to current fluctuations is caused by the multistage nature of the excitation and the inhomogeneous broadening of the emission line.
Lower than expected maraviroc concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid exceed the wild-type CC chemokine receptor 5-tropic HIV-1 50% inhibitory concentration (2012)

To measure maraviroc total cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations and compare them with total and unbound plasma concentrations. Total maraviroc was measured by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, whereas ultrafiltration was used for unbound maraviroc. Maraviroc was detected in all nine CSF/plasma pairs with a median CSF total concentration of 2.4 ng/ml. CSF concentrations exceeded the 50% inhibitory concentration of wild-type CC chemokine receptor 5-tropic HIV-1 in all specimens. CSF concentrations are lower than expected based on plasma concentrations and physicochemical characteristics. Unbound maraviroc plasma concentrations may be informative in estimating concentrations in CSF.
Electrochemical processes resulting in migrated short failures in microcircuits (1995)

Metals can exhibit dendritic short-circuits caused by electrochemical migration in conductor-insulator structures, which may result in failures and reliability problems in microcircuits. The classical model of electrochemical migration has been well known for several decades. This process is a transport of metal ions between two metallization stripes under bias through a continuous aqueous electrolyte. Due to the electrodeposition at the cathode, dendrites and dendrite-like deposits are formed. Ultimately, such a deposit can lead to a short circuit in the device and can clause catastrophic failure. A few anomalous and newly discovered phenomena have initiated us to perform some revisions and to add supplementary models to the conventional one. A theoretical review based on practical results is given about the most important possible processes. Material design aspects are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Free Tissue Transfer for Reconstruction of the Traumatized Extremities: An Analysis of Outcome in 150 Cases (2005)

The merits and acceptance of free tissue reconstruction of complex extremity injuries have now been clearly established. Despite growing microsurgical experience, some questions still remain unanswered. Apart from the timing of surgery and radical initial debridement, what are the other important factors that influence final outcome? The purpose of this study was two-fold. First, to demonstrate the indications, contraindications, and appropriateness of immediate and delayed reconstruction of the lower and upper extremity using free flaps. Second, to determine the impact of injury location and fracture fixation on overall flap survival and infection, in both the upper and lower extremities.
Grossly-resected synovial sarcoma treated by the German and Italian Pediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma Cooperative Groups: Discussion on the role of adjuvant therapies (2005)

Differently from adult oncologists that considered synovial sarcoma (SS) a tumor with uncertain chemosensitiveness, since two decades pediatric oncologists in Europe assumed that chemotherapy played an important role in SS treatment, so most pediatric patients were included in rhabdomyosarcoma protocols, receiving adjuvant chemotherapy regardless of risk factors. The German and Italian groups reviewed the data of grossly resected SS patients in order to define a risk-adapted treatment program for the next European protocol. A total of 150 patients < 21 years with localized SS who underwent initial gross resection between 1975 and 2002 were the object of this study. All but four cases received adjuvant chemotherapy. Post-operative radiotherapy was administered to 50% Group I and to 92% Group II patients. Five-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 77% and 89%, respectively. Survival rates were influenced by tumor size (EFS 92% and 56% for size < or = and > 5 cm, respectively) and local invasiveness, not by surgical margins. No metastatic relapses occurred in Group I < or = 5 cm patients, while the outcome was poor for T2B patients (EFS 41%) due to a high rate of metastatic relapse. Our study was unable to assess the role of adjuvant treatments in grossly-resected SS, but identified a subset of low-risk patients (IRS Group I, size < or = 5 cm), for which the omission of adjuvant chemotherapy could be suggested, and a subset of high-risk patients (T2B), who need treatment intensification.