gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probleme bei der Besetzung von offenen Stellen: Ergebnisse einer Betriebsbefragung (2003)

"Die gegenwärtige Zunahme der Offene-Stellen-Bestände geht auch darauf zurück, daß es länger dauert, offene Stellen zu besetzen. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die Ergebnisse einer Betriebsbefragung vor, die zur Jahresmitte 1989 in 23 Arbeitsämtern durchgeführt wurde und das Ziel hat, den Ursachen für die nunmehr längere Dauer der Stellenbesetzungsprozesse aus der Sicht der betroffenen Betriebe nachzugehen. Befragt wurden deshalb Betriebe, die dem Arbeitsamt eine offene Stelle gemeldet hatten, deren Bearbeitungszeit ("Laufzeit") überdurchschnittlich lange gedauert hatte. Derartige offene Stellen kommen überproportional häufig aus Klein- und Mittelbetrieben des Hotel- und Gaststättengewerbes, des Handels und des Baugewerbes mit derzeit sehr günstiger Umsatz- und Beschäftigungsentwicklung. Aus der Sicht der Arbeitsämter wiesen knapp die Hälfte der Stellen für die Vermittlung erschwerende Bedingungen auf, vor allem ungünstige Lagen und Arbeitszeiten. Etwa 80% der abgegangenen offenen Stellen wurden besetzt, knapp 10% storniert, der Rest blieb unbesetzt. Die Besetzungen verzögerten sich deshalb, weil viele von den Arbeitsämtern vorgeschlagene Bewerber entweder von sich aus die Stelle ablehnten oder vom Betrieb nicht akzeptiert wurden. Von den Betrieben wurde dabei an erster Stelle die Arbeitswilligkeit der Bewerber deshalb angezweifelt, weil viele vom Arbeitsamt angekündigte Bewerber nicht zur Vorstellung erschienen. Sonstige, nicht vom Arbeitsamt vorgeschlagene Bewerber wurden bei der Einstellung bevorzugt. Entgültig nicht besetzbare Stellen waren zum kleineren Teil außerordentlich unattraktiv, zum größeren Teil jedoch für bestimmte Fachkräfte vorgesehen, nach denen erfolglos gesucht wurde. Die Analyse der zeitlichen Abläufe ergab, daß die Arbeitsämter häufig zu spät eingeschaltet werden. Zudem wird oft das schlechte Image der Arbeitslosen bei den Betrieben auf die Arbeitsverwaltung übertragen. Wie dem entgegengewirkt werden könnte, wird am Schluß des Beitrags kurz skizziert." (Autorenreferat)
Prevention and early detection of congenital heart disease: The vital role of the nurse (1992)

The adherens junction (AJ) is the most universal junction found in bilaterian epithelia and may represent one of the earliest types of cell-cell junctions. The adhesion molecules responsible for forming AJs are the classic cadherins (referred to simply as cadherins), whose extracellular domain organization displays marked variety among species examined so far. In this study, we attempted to reconstruct the evolution of cadherin by analyzing new data from several arthropods (two insects, one non-insect hexapod, three crustaceans, and one chelicerate) and previously published sequences for Drosophila melanogaster and other animals. The results of comparative analyses using the BLAST tool and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the extracellular domain organizations of a decapod, an isopod, a spider, and a starfish cadherin, which are present at AJs in the embryonic epithelia are homologous. Independent reductive changes from the ancestral state were evident in the epithelia of hexapods+branchiopod, vertebrates+urochordates, and a cephalochordate. The form of cadherins in hexapods is more closely related to that of a branchiopod than to that of malacostracan crustaceans, and one of those of vertebrates is more closely related to that of urochordates than to that of a cephalochordate. Although the sampling of taxa is limited at this stage of research, we hypothesize that the reductive events in cadherin structure related to AJ formation in the epithelia may possess information about bilaterian relationships as molecular synapomorphies.
Enveloped Virus Inactivation by Fatty Acid Derivatives (1979)

The enveloped bacteriophage phi6 has been shown to be a valuable model system for the preliminary screening of compounds that might be expected to inactivate herpes simplex virus and other enveloped mammalian viruses. A variety of fatty acid derivatives that form fluid micelles in aqueous media have been found to be potent inactivators of phi6. The chemical nature of the polar head group, the length of the alkyl chain(s), and the extent and geometry of unsaturation are all important parameters in determining the antiviral effectiveness of this class of compounds.
Intuitive Visualization of Hyperspace Pareto Frontier (2006)

Hyperspace Pareto Frontier (HPF), the first concept designed under the newly proposed paradigm of Hyper-Space Diagonal Counting (HSDC), is applied to multiobjective optimization problems for design concept selection. HPF is used to visualize n-dimensional performance space in an intuitive and straightforward manner. In this paper, we use the HPF based visualization for design concept selection, by presenting an approach to quantify and interactively visualize the goodness of each design concept in accordance with the designer’s preferences.
A reconfigurable beam-switching antenna base on active FSS (2012)

In this paper, a reconfigurable beam-switching antenna is designed and fabricated. The geometry of this antenna is designed as a hexagonal cylinder and composed of two major parts. One is the dipole antenna at the center of the structure as an excitation source and the other part is the active selective surfaces (FSS). A bowtie pattern is used as the unit cell of FSS, and its characteristic is carefully optimized. In this study, when the diode is turned on, the FSS becomes transparent, and when the diode is turned off, the FSS is opaque, which is unlike conventional operation. The default operation is to set 3 sidewalls transparent and 3 sidewalls opaque. The opaque sidewalls act as a reflector. The measured results show that radiation pattern can be swept in six steps along the entire azimuth plane with moderate gain of 5dBi and 80° beam-width at 2.5GHz. With these features, this simple and low cost beam-switching antenna is suitable for wireless communication system and the application of low power base station system.
Inherent Biases in Reference based Evaluation for Grammatical Error Correction and Text Simplification (2018)

The prevalent use of too few references for evaluating text-to-text generation is known to bias estimates of their quality ({\it low coverage bias} or LCB). This paper shows that overcoming LCB in Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) evaluation cannot be attained by re-scaling or by increasing the number of references in any feasible range, contrary to previous suggestions. This is due to the long-tailed distribution of valid corrections for a sentence. Concretely, we show that LCB incentivizes GEC systems to avoid correcting even when they can generate a valid correction. Consequently, existing systems obtain comparable or superior performance compared to humans, by making few but targeted changes to the input. Similar effects on Text Simplification further support our claims.
The Honduran Question: The U.S. Answer to Latin America (2010)

Honduras grabbed international headlines when the Honduran Military removed José Manuel Zelaya Rosales from power on June 28, 2009. This paper uses the instability in Honduras as a case study of how the United States should respond to threats to democracy, and approach questions of democratic legitimacy in Latin America. It will first evaluate democratic contentions to put the Honduran crisis into a broader historical context. Next, it will examine the legality of the actions that triggered the democratic crisis because, though legality is not sufficient for legitimacy, it should be an important consideration in determining foreign policy responses. It will discuss the choices that the United States had between the removal of President Zelaya and the election of his successor, and analyze the path that the United States ultimately chose by supporting the reinstatement of President Zelaya, until it was clear that the reinstatement would not occur, at which point it decided to support the November election.
Minicrystal and XPS Analysis of SiO2 coated superfine CaCO3 Powder (2001)

： The superfine CaCO3 powder coated with SiO2 was synthesized. Through XRD technique, the cell parameters and crystallite size of reference and coated CaCO3 were calculated. SiO2 present in the state of amorphous and prevent the agglomeration and growth of CaCO3 micro-crystal. By comparing the result of XPS analysis of reference compound to coated sample, CaCO3 has been coated successfully with SiO2. The thickness of the coating is about 2.4～ 3.4nm. From the difference(0.8eV increase) of the binding energy of Ca2p, we presume that the bind Si-O-Ca has formed in the surface of CaCO3.
Immunohistochemical Classification and Functional Morphology of Human Choroidal Ganglion Cells (2004)

The data indicate a complex integrative function of CGCs. The immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characteristics also indicate that the CGCs may have mechanosensory properties. The complex synaptic information points to a specific regulative CGC function in parallel with ciliary muscle contraction (accommodation). Axons originating from CGCs mainly supply the choroidal vasculature, thus implicating the CGCs as vasodilative neurons, but single CGCs may also innervate other structures such as nonvascular choroidal smooth muscle cells.
Structure of High Internal Phase Aqueous-in-Oil Emulsions and Related Inverse Micelle Solutions. 3. Variation of Surfactant (2009)

The small angle neutron scattering from high internal phase water-in-hexadecane and saturated ammonium nitrate-in-hexadecane emulsions is compared with that from related hexadecane-based inverse micellar solutions. Three molecular weights of the monodisperse polyisobutylene acid amide (PIBSA) surfactant 750, 1200, and 1700 were studied over a range of surfactant concentrations. As an additional comparison, emulsions based on sorbitan monooleate and isostearate surfactants were investigated. The scattering from molecular weight 1200 water-based PIBSA emulsions can be fitted at all concentrations to a model with a surfactant coated aqueous droplet-oil interface together with the majority of the surfactant in the oil phase of the emulsion in the form of inverse micelles. Variation of the molecular weight shows a variety of phases of increasing curvature: lamellar, sponge, and, most commonly, the emulsion structure described above. In addition, the molecular weight affects the oil component in the emulsions, which can contain either cylindrical micelles or spherical micelles of varying water but constant hexadecane content. Increased phase curvature is favored by both increased PIBSA molecular weight and ammonium nitrate dissolved in the water. These observations are consistent with "Wedge theory". The structures observed in the emulsions are close to those observed in related inverse micellar solutions made from hexadecane, the surfactant, and water. Lower concentrations of surfactant in the micellar solutions decrease micelle curvature, except where the inverse micelles are spherical and small; here, there is little effect of dilution. Substitution of sorbitan surfactants for PIBSAs produces slightly less organized but similar structures, with smaller spherical micelles containing proportionally more water. The aqueous-oil droplet interface has a relatively invariant monolayer of adsorbed surfactant. For all emulsions, we can infer from the mass balance that micelle concentrations are depressed in the inverse micellar solutions because up to half the added surfactant is present as individually dissolved molecules.
On the Low Rayleigh Number Asymptote for Natural Convection Through an Isothermal, Parallel-Plate Channel (1991)

The problem of natural convection through a channel formed by isothermal, parallel plates forms a cornerstone of our understanding of a class of natural convection flows. Following the pioneering study of Elenbaas, it is widely accepted that there is a fully developed re´gime, at low Rayleigh number, in which the Nusselt number becomes directly proportional to the Rayleigh number. This paper gives a detailed analysis of heat transfer in this re´gime. It is concluded that the previous numerical studies, which appeared to confirm this asymptote, used inappropriate boundary conditions, and that the asymptotic behavior should, in fact, not be expected except under very special conditions.
Pepsico and Public Health: Is the Nation's Largest Food Company a Model of Corporate Responsibility or Master of Public Relations? (2011)

It's difficult to comprehend the enormity of this company. PepsiCo's total net revenue in 2010 was more than $57 billion, with profits topping $10 billion. 4 Often figures are easier to place into context when they are broken down. Here are the company's revenues for a few of its divisions. 5
Digital Luminescence Radiography in Interstitial Lung Disease (1991)

The subtle changes often found in interstitial lung disease can be difficult to evaluate at conventional radiography. In order to define the information obtained with digital radiography, it is particularly important to find out to what extent interstitial lung disease can be observed with this technique. Ninety-one patients, 56 with interstitial lung disease and 35 with normal lungs, were examined both with a digital system and with conventional film-screen technique. The examinations were reviewed independently by 4 radiologists with different experience and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were constructed. The 2 systems were equal in diagnostic performance with no statistic difference between the conventional radiographs, the 2 digital images reviewed together or the 2 digital images reviewed separately. There was a significant difference between the 2 observers with the highest and the one with the lowest score only in the review of digital unsharp mask images, but otherwise no differences statistically. A lower number of false negatives and a higher number of false positives were seen with the digital unsharp mask image, producing a higher sensitivity and lower specificity.
Efficient corpus design for wake-word detection (2021)

Wake-word detection is an indispensable technology for preventing virtual voice agents from being unintentionally triggered. Although various neural networks were proposed for wake-word detection, less attention has been paid to efficient corpus design, which we address in this study. For this purpose, we collected speech data via a crowdsourcing platform and evaluated the performance of several neural networks when different subsets of the corpus were used for training. The results reveal the following requirements for efficient corpus design to produce a lower misdetection rate: (1) short segments of continuous speech can be used as negative samples, but they are not as effective as random words; (2) utterances of "adversarial" words, i.e., phonetically similar words to a wake-word, contribute to improving performance significantly when they are used as negative samples; (3) it is preferable for individual speakers to provide both positive and negative samples; (4) increasing the number of speakers is better than increasing the number of repetitions of a wake-word by each speaker.
Pressurized Organic Solvent Extraction with On-line Particle Formation by Supercritical Anti Solvent Processes (2012)

In this work, anovel on-line process for pressurised hot organic solvent extraction of antioxidants from plantsas well as precipitation of the extract with or without a carrier material in one step was developed. This process has been called OEPO,Organic solvent Extraction and On-line particle formation. With this process, different products with a very low residual organic solvent concentration (< 50 ppm) can be obtained by the use of supercritical CO<SUB>2</SUB> as anti solvent for solvent elimination.OEPO process consists of hyphenated Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE)-Supercritical Anti Solvent (SAS) precipitation, PLE-SAS co-precipitation and PLE-Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Emulsions (SFEE). OEPO process was successfully developed using Brazilian ginseng roots (<i>Pfaffiaglomerata</i>)as a model case using ethyl acetate as extracting solvent. Results were compared, in terms of antioxidant activity or morphology, with the ones obtained by each process separately.In addition, an optimization study for antioxidants recovery was performed using ethyl acetate as extracting solvent during PLE process. Optimum PLE extracts were produced under moderate extraction temperature (373 K) and high static extraction time (15 min). Under this condition an extraction yield of 1% (dry basis, d.b.) and an antioxidant activity of 53% are obtained, which was approximately 14% higherthan that observed after PLE-SAS precipitation and after SAS precipitation performed in two steps (step one - PLE extraction; step two â SAS precipitation by the use of the extract solution produced by step one stored).Similar behavior (hyphenated process producing similar products than the two step process done separately) was observed for PLE-SAS co-precipitation and PLE-SFEE indicating that the OEPO process developed in this work can be considered as a suitable and promising process to obtain, in only one step, different products (precipitated extract, co-precipitated extract or encapsulated extract in suspension), directly from plant materials.
A Gravity Balanced Test Stand for Flight Testing of Small/Micro Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (2008)

For the purpose of safety, test stands are usually needed for testing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), especially in the early test stage. Although a test stand can prevent the tested vehicle from flying away or crashing, it adds extra burden to the vehicle due to the weight of its moving mechanism. This can be a major problem for micro aerial vehicles (MAVs) because of their tiny lifting or payload capability. This paper presents an innovative solution to this problem by designing a passive gravity balanced test stand. The stand is capable of completely compensating its own weight, so that the tested vehicle will not have the extra burden from the weight of the test stand. To verify the feasibility of the design, a simulation study has been conducted, which demonstrated the benefits of the new design.
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha upregulates the expression of immunoglobulin secretory component. (2007)

TNF-alpha dose-dependently increased SC-positive cells, free SC in culture supernatants, plgR mRNA, and protein expression of SC.
A Dual-Broadband, Dual-Polarized Base Station Antenna for 2G/3G/4G Applications (2016)

A base station antenna with dual-broadband and dual-polarization characteristics is presented in this letter. The proposed antenna contains four parts: a lower-band element, an upper-band element, arc-shaped baffle plates, and a box-shaped reflector. The lower-band element consists of two pairs of dipoles with additional branches for bandwidth enhancement. The upper-band element embraces two crossed hollow dipoles and is nested inside the lower-band element. Four arc-shaped baffle plates are symmetrically arranged on the reflector for isolating the lower- and upper-band elements and improving the radiation performance of upper-band element. As a result, the antenna can achieve a bandwidth of 50.6% for the lower band and 48.2% for the upper band when the return loss is larger than 15 dB, fully covering the frequency ranges 704-960 and 1710-2690 MHz for 2G/3G/4G applications. Measured port isolation larger than 27.5 dB in both the lower and upper bands is also obtained. At last, an array that consists of two lower-band elements and five upper-band elements is discussed for giving an insight into the future array design.
Effect of ageing on the volume, structure and total Leydig cell content of the human testis. (1974)

INTRODUCTION Histopathological examination of the testes was carried out after open biopsy in healthy, fertile males of two different age groups one young (30-40 years) and the other old (55-65 years). The testicular volume and the total Leydig cell content of the testis was also quantitatively estimated in both. It has been found that ageing leads to a thickening of the tunica propria, inter-tubular fibrosis and progressive hyalinisation and atrophy of some of the tubules. Most of the tubules, however, remain normal with signs of active spermatogenesis. The Leydig cells become more numerous and in 2 cases they had grown into abnormally large clusters. There was no significant difference in the volume of the testes in the young and old subjects, the mean being 13.3 ± 6.0 ml for the whole sample. The total Leydig cell volume showed a significant and interesting increase with age, rising from 2.2 ± 0.5 ml / testis in the young 2.9 ± 0.9 ml / testis in the old.
TÉCNICAS NOVEDOSAS PARA LIMPIAR AGUAS INDUSTRIALES. LA BIOSORCIÓN ELIMINA METALES (2012)

INVESTIGADORES DE LA FACULTAD DE QUIMICA, ENCABEZADOS POR JOSE LUZ GONZALEZ CHAVEZ, INTEGRANTE DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE QUIMICA ANALITICA, TRABAJAN EN EL USO DEL QUITOSANO COMO SORBENTE PARA LIMPIAR VOLUMENES DE AGUA Y EFLUENTES INDUSTRIALES. LOS SORBENTES (ENTRE LOS QUE SE INCLUYEN POLIMEROS ENTRECRUZADOS, COMO HIDROGELES Y CRIOGELES) SON ELEMENTOS CON CAPACIDAD PARA CAPTAR CONTAMINANTES Y, CON BASE EN ELLOS, SE DESARROLLAN TECNICAS EN ESA ENTIDAD ACADEMICA, EN COLABORACION CON EL INSTITUTO TECNOLOGICO DE TOLUCA, PARA TRATAR DISTINTOS ELEMENTOS PRESENTES EN EL AGUA, EXPLICO EL EXPERTO. EL QUITOSANO, DIJO, ES UN POLISACARIDO PRESENTE EN ESTADO NATURAL EN LAS PAREDES CELULARES DE ALGUNOS HONGOS Y EN LOS EXOESQUELETOS DE LOS CRUSTACEOS. DICHO ELEMENTO SE HA CONVERTIDO EN UN MATERIAL AMPLIAMENTE ESTUDIADO COMO BIOSORBENTE, QUE SE CARACTERIZA POR SER BIODEGRADABLE, NO TOXICO Y EL SEGUNDO POLIMERO NATURAL MAS ABUNDANTE, DESPUES DE LA CELULOSA. DE HECHO, HAY INDAGACIONES QUE LO CONFIRMAN COMO UN EXCELENTE ADSORBENTE, CON UNA GRAN AFINIDAD POR LOS IONES METALICOS. GONZALEZ CHAVEZ MENCIONO QUE UNO DE LOS NUEVOS PROCESOS UTILIZADOS PARA ELIMINAR METALES ES LA BIOSORCION, DONDE MATERIALES POLIMERICOS DE ORIGEN NATURAL SON USADOS COMO ADSORBENTES PARA LA REMOCION DE ALGUNOS IONES METALICOS EN AGUA Y EFLUENTES INDUSTRIALES. ES LO QUE OCURRE CON EL QUITOSANO, EL CUAL PUEDE OBTENERSE DE MANERA ECONOMICA PUES SE ASIENTA EN EL EXOESQUELETO O ESQUELETO EXTERNO CONTIGUO QUE RECUBRE TODA LA SUPERFICIE DE ANIMALES COMO ARACNIDOS, INSECTOS, CRUSTACEOS, MIRIAPODOS Y OTROS GRUPOS RELACIONADOS; AHI CUMPLE FUNCIONES PROTECTORAS, DE RESPIRACION Y MECANICA, Y PROPORCIONA EL SOSTEN NECESARIO PARA LA EFICACIA DEL APARATO MUSCULAR, DETALLO. EN ALGUNOS CASOS, EL EXOESQUELETO APARECE CALCIFICADO, REFORZADO POR LA APARICION DE CARBONATO CALCICO, ALGO QUE SUCEDE CON CRUSTACEOS COMO CANGREJOS Y LANGOSTAS. ES BIODEGRADABLE Y FACIL DE MOLDEAR, SIMILAR EN FUERZA Y DUREZA A UNA ALEACION DE ALUMINIO, AUNQUE CON LA MITAD DE PESO. DE ESTE MODO, ADELANTO EL UNIVERSITARIO, PODRIA OFRECER AMPLIAS VENTAJAS COMO BIOSORBENTE. GONZALEZ CHAVEZ ESTUDIA LA BIOSORCION DESDE 1997 Y HA COLABORADO CON LAS UNIVERSIDADES COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID Y AUTONOMA DEL ESTADO DE MEXICO, Y HOY EN DIA CON EL INSTITUTO TECNOLOGICO DE TOLUCA, ESPECIFICAMENTE CON EL GRUPO DE BEATRIZ GARCIA GAITAN, QUE TRABAJA CON MATERIALES POLIMERICOS, ALGUNOS DE ELLOS CON BASE EN QUITOSANO (HIDROGELES Y CRIOGELES), DESDE HACE MAS DE SIETE ANOS. EL EQUIPO DE TRABAJO HA REALIZADO INVESTIGACIONES CON EL QUITOSANO Y OTROS MATERIALES PARA SINTETIZAR HIDROGELES EN FORMA DE ESFERAS PARA LA SORCION DE IONES METALICOS, COMO EL COBRE Y EL CADMIO, CON BUENOS RESULTADOS. SIMILARES AVANCES SE HAN OBTENIDO CON ESTOS MATERIALES SORBENTES, AUNQUE EN FORMA DE CRIOGELES. EL ESPECIALISTA OFRECIO LA CONFERENCIA REMOCION DE CONTAMINANTES CON DIFERENTES SORBENTES.