gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Homodyne laser interferometric displacement measuring system with nanometer accuracy (2009)

Against the environmental factors which impact of measurement accuracy of homodyne laser interferometric displacement measuring system, the integral style of layout and common-mode suppression techniques are used for the design of polarization interference optical path. In the interference optical system, the displacement of the measuring mirror are transferred into four orthogonal optical intensity signals by optical polarization interference path, which are further transferred into four orthogonal electric signals by four photodiode sensors. By differential signal processing electric circuit, the influences of zero-drift of light intensity and environmental change are reduced. By a cheap phase subdivision card using generally in optical grating displacement measuring system, the orthogonal signals in this system are sampled in 8 Megabits per second and subdivided in phase. For the measuring system, the optical source is from stabilized He-Ne laser with the wavelength of about 632.8 nm. The optical subdivision ratio is 4 and phase subdivision ratio is 256. Thus the resolution of the displacement is about 0.6 nm. Therefore, the displacement measuring system achieves sub-nano resolution and high speed for real-time dynamic measurement.
Mobile Cloud Based System Architecture for Remote-Resident Multimedia Discovery and Access (2013)

Due to realistic barriers (e.g. network heterogeneity, NAT traversal, limited computing/storage, etc), a majority of legacy devices (especially mobile devices) are difficult to discover and access residential services from remote environment. In this paper, we propose a mobile cloud based architecture for enabling remote-resident multimedia service discovery and access. The main considered issues in the paper includes: security, cloud-based storage, cloud-based remote service discovery and control, REST-based lightweight negotiation, etc. Prototype implementation shows availability and efficiency of proposed approaches. Mathematical evaluation proves that proposed solution is capable to reduce transmission cost. The comparison work shows that our proposal could provide better customer services than other existed solutions.
The Paired Homeodomain Transcription Factor Pax-2 Is Expressed in the Endocrine Pancreas and Transactivates the Glucagon Gene Promoter (2000)

Glucagon gene expression is controlled by at least four DNA elements within the promoter; G2, G3, and G4 confer islet-specific expression, while G1 restricts glucagon transcription to alpha cells. Two islet-specific complexes are formed on G3, the insulin-responsive element of the glucagon gene; one of these corresponds to the paired homeodomain protein Pax-6, a major glucagon gene transactivator that plays a crucial role in alpha cell development. We describe here the identification of the second complex as Pax-2, another member of the paired box family. Pax-2 is known to be crucial for the development of the urogenital tract and of the central nervous system, but its presence in the endocrine pancreas has not been reported. We detected Pax-2 gene expression by RT-PCR; in islets, Pax-2 is present as two alternative splicing isoforms, Pax-2A and Pax-2B, whereas in the glucagon- and insulin-producing cell lines alphaTC1 and Min6, a distinct isoform, Pax-2D2, is found in addition to Pax-2B. Both islet-specific isoforms bind to the enhancer element G3 and to the alpha-specific promoter element G1 that also interacts with Pax-6. Pax-2A and Pax-2B dose-dependently activate transcription from the G3 and the G1 elements both in heterologous and in glucagon-producing cells. Our data indicate that Pax-2 is the third paired domain protein present in the endocrine pancreas and that one of its roles may be the regulation of glucagon gene expression.
Fog computing: Driving force behind the emergence of edge computing (2016)

This Fog computing is basically a concept which extends cloud computing theory to the edge of the network. Fog provides data, compute storage and application services to the end-user. This facilitates new variety of application and services. The Internet of Things represents a new age of information and communication technologies from anytime, anyplace connectivity for anybody. Application of fog computing platform is well thought-out as suitable platform for IOTs services and applications are not restricted to the connected vehicles, smart grid and smart cities. Response time and scalability plays an important role in machine to machine communication. The edge computing platform solves this problem by locating small type server namely edge server and devices over the surrounding area of the users and passing to the some of the load of central server and/or user devices.
Preparation and characterization of ultra porous cellulosic materials (2007)

We have prepared new ultraporous materials, called Aerocellulose, from solutions of cellulose in N-Methyl-Morpholine-N-Oxide (NMMO) or in aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, followed by a regeneration step and a supercritical drying. The rheological properties of cellulose-NaOH-water solutions were studied. Time, temperature and increase of cellulose concentration lead to the formation of an irreversible gel. The addition of urea delays gelation and increase the solvent quality. We have determined the cellulose regeneration kinetics of physical gels and compared with the one found for cellulose-NMMO water solutions. Cellulose concentration, nature and temperature of the non-solvent bath are the main parameters that control the solvent diffusion from cellulose solution towards non-solvent regenerating bath and thus the final structure of the material. Aerocellulose have an open porosity, superior to 90%, with a mean pore diameter around a few hundreds nanometres. The mechanical properties depend on preparation parameters. Aerocellulose was evaluated for various applications. We have created composites of cellulose-inorganic particles. We have pyrolysed aerocellulose in order to obtain porous carbon structure. Carbonised Aerocellulose were successively tested in primary lithium battery and as catalyse support in proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
Dating Violence Laws (2019)

Victims of dating violence experience physical, social, and psychological damage. This crime is very slow to receive the necessary attention that it deserves. The reason for this neglect is that it, like most domestic violence crimes, survives through secrecy. Nevertheless, it is necessary for its victims to no longer hide their pain, but to bring it to the forefront. Only 22 US states have tried to enact laws that will protect victims of dating violence, whether these victims are girls, women, boys, or men. However, none of these laws are stellar in their design and execution. Understanding the impact of this crime should help strengthen the laws passed to protect these victims.
A Framework for Optimizing Measurement-Based Power Distribution under Communication Network Constraints (2010)

In this paper, we propose a framework for coupling the communication network of a smart grid with the power distribution network in an effort to better utilize the scarce energy resources. We believe that an agile, robust and effective communication infrastructure, relying on a service-oriented network paradigm is essential for proper operation of a greener and smarter electricity grid. The communication and power components of the grid should not be studied in isolation and we suggest a model where the communication delays are integrated in an electricity market pricing model such that the power demand affects the allocation of communication resources and vice versa. Power demand could be monitored and predicted via smart meters that would allow a dynamic pricing scheme. This serves as a feedback mechanism towards the consumers which can then reduce their consumption or activate alternative sources of energy to alleviate the local distribution system.
Deficiency of Acid Esterase Activity in Wolman's Disease (1970)

Liver, spleen, and leucocytes from patients with acid triglyceride lipase deficiency (Wolman9s disease and its clinical variants) were also found to possess greatly reduced activity of an acid esterase acting on fatty acid esters of p-nitrophenol, thereby substantiating the view that a single enzyme is responsible for these different activities. The acid esterase was resistant to the microsomal esterase inhibitor, E600, and showed broad specificity with respect to fatty acid chain length of the p-nitrophenyl esters. Other lysosomal hydrolase activities were increased non-specifically in liver from patients, thus providing further support for the classification of acid lipase deficiency as an inborn lysosomal disease. The highly sensitive leucocyte assay provides a convenient method for the diagnosis of clinical variants of Wolman9s disease; it might therefore prove particularly useful in the early detection of affected infants, and also possibly in the differentiation of heterozygotes.
Parametric Design and Structural Optimisation for Early Design Exploration (2007)

The investigation presented in this paper focuses on the following questions: How can engineering and architectural expertise, assisted by a process of digital optimisation, promote structural awareness regarding design alterations in the conceptual design stages? Can building geometry be set up computationally to render it sensitive to structural input? Which software tools are required to foster this interaction and what kind of decision support is needed to allow both architects and structural engineers to interact concurrently in this optimisation process? The authors of this paper form a team of researchers and practitioners from architectural and structural engineering background who combine their efforts to address the issue of interconnecting design intelligence across disciplines and advancing revised work methodologies in practice assisted by academic research. The research has shown that an integrated transfer of design information between architectural and structural designers in the early stages is beneficial to the collaboration if experts from both professions agree on common goals and define suitability rules that guide optimisation processes from the very beginning. To enable this, software tools are required that provide ad hoc decision support to create a wider array of informed design alternatives from which to choose.
Transfer of in vitro expanded T lymphocytes after activation with dendritomas prolonged survival of mice challenged with EL4 tumor cells (2007)

Adoptive T cell transfer after in vitro expansion represents an attractive cancer immunotherapy. The majority of studies so far have been focusing on the expansion of tumor infiltrated lymphocytes (TIL) and some have shown very encouraging results. Recently, we have developed a unique tumor immune response activator, dendritomas, by fusion of dendritic cells and tumor cells. Animal studies and early clinical trials have shown that dendritomas are able to activate tumor specific immune responses. In this study, we hypothesized that naïve T cells can be primed with dendritomas and expanded in vitro to develop an adoptive transfer therapy for patients who do not have solid tumors, such as leukemia. T cells were isolated and purified from lymph nodes of mice. The cells were then incubated with dendritomas made from syngeneic DCs and tumor cells and expanded in vitro using Dynabeads mouse CD3/CD28 T cell expander for approximately three weeks. The in vitro primed and expanded T cells showed tumor cell specific CTL activity and increased secretion of IFN-γ. Tumor bearing mice receiving the in vitro expanded T cells survived significantly longer than control mice. Furthermore, the depletion of regulator T cells enhanced the survival of the mice that received the adoptive transfer therapy.
Managing osteoporosis within the care home (2003)

Emma Burrows gives an overview of this problematic bone condition, and advises on how carers can inform, identify and prevent it within the nursing home.
Triacsin C blocks <i>de novo</i> synthesis of glycerolipids and cholesterol esters but not recycling of fatty acid into phospholipid: evidence for functionally separate pools of acyl-CoA (1997)

The trafficking of acyl-CoAs within cells is poorly understood. In order to determine whether newly synthesized acyl-CoAs are equally available for the synthesis of all glycerolipids and cholesterol esters, we incubated human fibroblasts with [14C]oleate, [3H]arachidonate or [3H]glycerol in the presence or absence of triacsin C, a fungal metabolite that is a competitive inhibitor of acyl-CoA synthetase. Triacsin C inhibited de novo synthesis from glycerol of triacylglycerol, diacylglycerol and cholesterol esters by more than 93%, and the synthesis of phospholipid by 83%. However, the incorporation of oleate or arachidonate into phospholipids appeared to be relatively unimpaired when triacsin was present. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase and lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase had similar dependences on palmitoyl-CoA in both liver and fibroblasts; thus it did not appear that acyl-CoAs, when present at low concentrations, would be preferentially used to acylate lysophospholipids. We interpret these data to mean that, when fatty acid is not limiting, triacsin blocks the acylation of glycerol 3-phosphate and diacylglycerol, but not the reacylation of lysophospholipids. Two explanations are possible: (1) different acyl-CoA synthetases exist that vary in their sensitivity to triacsin; (2) an independent mechanism channels acyl-CoA towards phospholipid synthesis when little acyl-CoA is available. In either case, the acyl-CoAs available to acylate cholesterol, glycerol 3-phosphate, lysophosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol and those acyl-CoAs that are used by lysophospholipid acyltransferases and by ceramide N-acyltransferase must reside in two non-mixing acyl-CoA pools or, when acyl-CoAs are limiting, they must be selectively channelled towards specific acyltransferase reactions.
Chelating drugs and zinc. (1986)

Essential trace metals participate in a wide range of biochemical processes. Administration of drugs containing nucleophilic atoms, primarily N-, O- and S-ligands, may result in formation of organometallic non-ionic complexes or chelates. The stability of the complex depends on the position of the metal in the first transition series, except for Cu2+, which forms stronger bindings than Zn2+ does. In nature, a wide range of chelates occur, e.g. as vitamin-metal complexes (Zn-thiamine, Zn-pyridoxamine and Zn-biotin). Phytate in unleavened grains forms unsoluble Zn-complexes. In the body, complex-formation is essential for the transport of Zn with circulating plasma albumin. Some examples of chelating drugs are given. Zn-pyrithione is used for local treatment of dandruff and pityrosporum folliculitis. Ethambutol is a strong metal-binding drug used for tuberculosis therapy. The mechanism of action is possibly related to inactivation of Zn and Cu in the pathogenic organisms. 8-hydroxyquinolines enhance Zn absorption, which is the reason for the successful treatment of acrodermatitis enteropathica. Effects of D-penicillamine, phenytoin, tetracycline and disulfiram on Zn metabolism are discussed.
Two-dimensional processing of spectrogram data (2005)

In this paper we demonstrate a new application of two-dimensional (2-D) signal processing. The 2-D data consists of frequency-time plots or spectrograms derived from non-stationary one-dimensional data. We show that 2-D processing can offer significant advantages over the standard spectral estimation procedures used to obtain spectrograms. These advantages mainly occur because the frequency data is correlated in time, a fact ignored in conventional spectrogram procedures. Recursive fan type filters are designed by the homomorphic method and applied to the spectrogram data. Significant improvement is obtained for a simulation consisting of chirp type signals in white noise.
A Note on Phrase Structure Analysis and Design Implication for ICALL (2002)

Exploiting Chomsky’s Universal Grammar (UG), this research examines the effects of phrase structure rules on the development of grammatical knowledge in Bangaldeshi learners of English as a second language. The masking technique of MacWhinney (1998) motivates the use of link-grammar syntactic parser of Sleater and Temperley (1993) used in the study. The results indicate that the learners’ parameters were reset from L1 to L2 as a consequence of the overt presentation of phrase structure rules. The implications of the study for the design of intelligent computer assisted language learning is discussed.
Physician risk assessment and apache scores in cardiac care units (1999)

APACHE scores are inadequate for cardiac patients. Although physicians can identify CCU patients most likely to die, reliance on physician scoring systems is limited by difficulties in obtaining their opinion. A new method of risk assessment for acutely ill cardiac patients is needed if CCU outcomes are to be compared across institutions.
The Role of T-Cell Subsets in Chronic Inflammation in Celiac Disease and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: More Common Mechanisms or More Differences? (2016)

In celiac disease, the driving role of T cells in the lamina propria and in the epithelium mainly specific for two defined antigens is well established. Differences in genetics and lifestyle between Western and Eastern countries were instrumental in understanding underlying mechanisms. In IBD, the vast amount of potential antigens and the corresponding antigen-specific T cells makes it unlikely to find universal triggers. Increased mucosal CD4<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells in all four entities fail to control or abrogate local inflammatory processes. Thus, prevailing differences in the functional T-cell subtypes driving chronic intestinal inflammation in celiac disease and IBD at best allow some overlap in the treatment options for either disease.
Mutational Analysis of the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Trans-inducing Factor Vmw65 (1988)

Summary The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) polypeptide Vmw65 is a structural component of the virus particle and is also responsible for trans-induction of immediate early (IE) transcription. Functional domains of this polypeptide were investigated by constructing a series of 10 plasmids each with a 12 bp insertion in the gene encoding Vmw65. Plasmids were analysed for their ability to stimulate IE transcription in short term transfection assays, and the altered Vmw65 polypeptides were assayed for the ability to form an IE-specific protein-DNA complex (IEC) in vitro. A direct correlation was observed between stimulation of transcription and formation of IEC, strongly suggesting that IEC is an important intermediate in transcription activation. Plasmids were also tested for their ability to rescue the temperature-sensitive mutation in the HSV-2 assembly mutant ts2203, since marker rescue analysis indicated that this mutation maps within the gene encoding Vmw65. Five plasmids failed to rescue ts2203, thereby defining regions of Vmw65 required for virus assembly. The results show that distinct domains exist in Vmw65 for activation of transcription and assembly of virus.
Avian influenza viruses in mammals (2009)

Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of subtype H5N1 are remarkable because of their expanding non-avian host range and wide tissue tropism. They have caused severe or fatal respiratory and extra-respiratory disease in seven naturally infected species of carnivore. However, they are not unique in their ability to cross the species barrier, to cause clinical disease and mortality, or to replicate in extra-respiratory organs. Low pathogenic avian influenza viruses have crossed from birds to swine, horses, harbour seals, whales and mink; have resulted in severe respiratory disease and mortality; and may have spread beyond the respiratory tract in some of these species. They are also transmitted from mammal to mammal in most species, and have become endemic in swine and horse populations, demonstrating their ability to adapt to and become sustained in mammals. Until now, highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses H5N1 have not acquired this ability, but there are concerns that they may adapt to mammalian species and, thus, could spark an influenza pandemic in humans.
An automatic abstracting program employing stylo-statistical techniques and hierarchical data indexing (1961)

This paper reports the progress being made at RCA in the field of Automatic Abstracting. It includes(i) A general formulation of the problem, (ii) The use of stylo-statistics and hierarchical indexing to extract words associated in concept, (iii) Minimum procedures to reduce redundancy within sentences and (iv) A description of the computer program characteristics.
Multiple spatially resolved reflection spectroscopy for<i>in vivo</i>determination of carotenoids in human skin and blood (2016)

Non-invasive measurement of carotenoid antioxidants in human skin is one of the important tasks to investigate the skin physiology in vivo. Resonance Raman spectroscopy and reflection spectroscopy are the most frequently used non-invasive techniques in dermatology and skin physiology. In the present study, an improved method based on multiple spatially resolved reflection spectroscopy (MSRRS) was introduced. The results obtained were compared with those obtained using the 'gold standard' resonance Raman spectroscopy method and showed strong correlations for the total carotenoid concentration (R = 0.83) as well as for lycopene (R = 0.80). The measurement stability was confirmed to be better than 10% within the total temperature range from 5 °C to + 30 °C and pressure contact between the skin and the MSRRS sensor from 800 Pa to 18 000 Pa. In addition, blood samples taken from the subjects were analyzed for carotenoid concentrations. The MSRRS sensor was calibrated on the blood carotenoid concentrations resulting in being able to predict with a correlation of R = 0.79. On the basis of blood carotenoids it could be demonstrated that the MSRRS cutaneous measurements are not influenced by Fitzpatrick skin types I–VI. The MSRRS sensor is commercially available under the brand name biozoom.
V‐band injection‐locked oscillator with 9 GHz locking range (2013)

An injection‐locked oscillator (ILO) with a self‐biased injection circuit is proposed. By using the series‐inductive peaking technique, the efficiency of the signal injection is considerably improved. Implemented in Global Foundries 65 nm bulk CMOS process, the proposed ILO demonstrated a 9 GHz locking range and can operate in 52–71 GHz with the tuning mechanism. Occupying a silicon area of 0.3 mm 2 , the circuit draws 13 mA from a 1.2 V supply including the output buffers.
Atmospheric chemistry and physics: from air pollution to climate change (1998)

1 The Atmosphere. 2 Atmospheric Trace Constituents. 3 Chemical Kinetics. 4 Atmospheric Radiation and Photochemistry. 5 Chemistry of the Stratosphere. 6 Chemistry of the Troposphere. 7 Chemistry of the Atmospheric Aqueous Phase. 8 Properties of the Atmospheric Aerosol. 9 Dynamics of Single Aerosol Particles. 10 Thermodynamics of Aerosols. 11 Nucleation. 12 Mass Transfer Aspects of Atmospheric Chemistry. 13 Dynamics of Aerosol Populations. 14 Organic Atmospheric Aerosols. 15 Interaction of Aerosols with Radiation. 16 Meteorology of the Local Scale. 17 Cloud Physics. 18 Atmospheric Diffusion. 19 Dry Deposition. 20 Wet Deposition. 21 General Circulation of the Atmosphere. 22 Global Cycles: Sulfur and Carbon. 23 Climate and Chemical Composition of the Atmosphere. 24 Aerosols and Climate. 25 Atmospheric Chemical Transport Models. 26 Statistical Models.
Molecular genetics of the human cytochrome P450 monooxygenase superfamily (1998)

(1998). Molecular genetics of the human cytochrome P450 monooxygenase superfamily. Xenobiotica: Vol. 28, No. 12, pp. 1129-1165.